gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2‐deoxy D‐glucose treatment does not elicit a hair growth response in alopecia areata (2019)

2-deoxy D-glucose (2DG) was tested for efficacy in treating alopecia areata using the C3H/HeJ skin graft model. 2DG has proven to be efficacious in treatment of various mouse models of autoimmunity with minimal serious side effects noted. This agent has been shown to normalize abnormally activated T-cell populations while also preventing cell surface expression of NKG2D; key factors defining alopecia areata disease progression. Daily oral ingestion of 2DG via drinking water to mice with patchy or diffuse alopecia areata for 16 weeks failed to prevent expansion of alopecia or cause regrowth of hair in treated mice. Histologically, there were no differences between treated and control groups. These results indicate that, while 2DG is effective for some autoimmune diseases, it was not efficacious for the cell-mediated autoimmune mouse disease, alopecia areata.
Quenching of Orange-Red Ce3+ Emission in Garnet Phosphors (2009)

Ce3+-doped aluminate garnets are the main phosphors used in solid-state lighting based on blue light emitting diodes (LEDs). Recently, different compositional modifications of garnet hosts have been shown to significantly redshift the yellow-green Ce3+ emission in the garnets. We investigate the high temperature quenching of these phosphors to determine any limitations towards red emission in Ce3+-doped garnets.
Mini-Batch Learning Strategies for modeling long term temporal dependencies: A study in environmental applications (2023)

In many environmental applications, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are often used to model physical variables with long temporal dependencies. However, due to minibatch training, temporal relationships between training segments within the batch (intra-batch) as well as between batches (inter-batch) are not considered, which can lead to limited performance. Stateful RNNs aim to address this issue by passing hidden states between batches. Since Stateful RNNs ignore intra-batch temporal dependency, there exists a trade-off between training stability and capturing temporal dependency. In this paper, we provide a quantitative comparison of different Stateful RNN modeling strategies, and propose two strategies to enforce both intra- and inter-batch temporal dependency. First, we extend Stateful RNNs by defining a batch as a temporally ordered set of training segments, which enables intra-batch sharing of temporal information. While this approach significantly improves the performance, it leads to much larger training times due to highly sequential training. To address this issue, we further propose a new strategy which augments a training segment with an initial value of the target variable from the timestep right before the starting of the training segment. In other words, we provide an initial value of the target variable as additional input so that the network can focus on learning changes relative to that initial value. By using this strategy, samples can be passed in any order (mini-batch training) which significantly reduces the training time while maintaining the performance. In demonstrating the utility of our approach in hydrological modeling, we observe that the most significant gains in predictive accuracy occur when these methods are applied to state variables whose values change more slowly, such as soil water and snowpack, rather than continuously moving flux variables such as streamflow.
A hybrid silicon sampled grating DBR tunable laser (2008)

We present a hybrid silicon sampled grating DBR laser fabricated using quantum well intermixing. The laser utilizes two III—V bandgaps spanning ≫80 nm. Output power is ≫2.5mW with CW lasing to 40°C and tuning ≫12nm.
Rational drug design via molecular dynamics simulations of HIV-1 protease inhibitor complexes (1991)

Starting from the X-ray structure of an HIV-1 protease inhibitor complex we performed Molecular Dynamics calculations to study variations in the P1-P1’ scissile peptide bond. Conformational changes and different binding characteristics were observed by simulating the inhibitors and a majority of the protein. Semiquantitative comparisons were made by evaluating the nonbonded interactions of the enzyme-inhibitor complexes.
Den allsidiga läroboken : -En ideologianalys av fyra svenska läroböcker i samhällskunskap (2016)

Previous research has shown that teaching material reproduces ideology; and according to the professor in History of Ideas, Sven-Eric Lied man, ideology can be read out in all sorts of texts. This ...
Tetracyclines That Promote SMN2 Exon 7 Splicing as Therapeutics for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2009)

There is at present no cure or effective therapy for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a neurodegenerative disease that is the leading genetic cause of infant mortality. SMA usually results from loss of the SMN1 (survival of motor neuron 1) gene, which leads to selective motor neuron degeneration. SMN2 is nearly identical to SMN1 but has a nucleotide replacement that causes exon 7 skipping, resulting in a truncated, unstable version of the SMA protein. SMN2 is present in all SMA patients, and correcting SMN2 splicing is a promising approach for SMA therapy. We identified a tetracycline-like compound, PTK-SMA1, which stimulates exon 7 splicing and increases SMN protein levels in vitro and in vivo in mice. Unlike previously identified molecules that stimulate SMN production via SMN2 promoter activation or undefined mechanisms, PTK-SMA1 is a unique therapeutic candidate in that it acts by directly stimulating splicing of exon 7. Synthetic small-molecule compounds such as PTK-SMA1 offer an alternative to antisense oligonucleotide therapies that are being developed as therapeutics for a number of disease-associated splicing defects.
NEXAFS Studies on the Surface Orientation of Buffed Polyimides (1996)

Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy has been used to determine the average near-surface orientation of chains in a buffed polyimide film. Auger and total electron yield measurements provide powerful and direct means of determining the orientation of chains as a function of depth. In the case of a strongly buffed sample, the polyimide chains at the film surface are found to be highly aligned along the buffing direction. We also find significant alignment of the phenyl ring planes parallel to the surface. The alignment is discussed in terms of simple models that are useful in visualizing the alignment in partially disordered systems. The chain orientation decays as a function of distance from the surface, becoming random in the bulk. The 1/e alignment depth is ≃100 Å. Studies as a function of load applied during buffing and distance of buffing show that the near-surface orientation saturates at relatively small loads and short distances. The 1/e buffing load and buffing distance for the near-surface alignment are 1.2 g/cm2 and 67 cm, respectively.
A generic strategy for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene tagging (2015)

Genome engineering has been greatly enhanced by the availability of Cas9 endonuclease that can be targeted to almost any genomic locus using so called guide RNAs (gRNAs). However, the introduction of foreign DNA sequences to tag an endogenous gene is still cumbersome as it requires the synthesis or cloning of homology templates. Here we present a strategy that enables the tagging of endogenous loci using one generic donor plasmid. It contains the tag of interest flanked by two gRNA recognition sites that allow excision of the tag from the plasmid. Co-transfection of cells with Cas9, a gRNA specifying the genomic locus of interest, the donor plasmid and a cassette-specific gRNA triggers the insertion of the tag by a homology-independent mechanism. The strategy is efficient and delivers clones that display a predictable integration pattern. As showcases we generated NanoLuc luciferase- and TurboGFP-tagged reporter cell lines.
Optimizing coarse-grained units in floating point hybrid FPGA (2008)

This paper introduces a novel methodology to optimize coarse-grained floating point units (FPUs) in a hybrid FPGA. We employ common subgraph extraction to determine the number of floating point adders/subtracters (FAs), multipliers (FMs) and wordblocks (WBs) in the FPUs. We flrst study the area, speed and utilization trade-off of the selected FPU subgraphs in a set of floating point benchmark circuits. We then explore the impact of density and flexibility of FPUs on the system in terms of area, speed and routing resources. We derive an optimized coarse-grained FPU by considering both architectural and system level issues. The results show that: (1) embedding more types of coarse-grained FPU in the system causes at most 21.3% increase in delay, (2) the area of the system can be reduced by 27.4% by embedding high density subgraphs, (3) the high density subgraphs requires 14.8% fewer routing resources.
Strategies for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing: from delivery to production of modified plants (2021)

Introduction 2 Delivery of genome editing components into plant cells 3 Delivery methods for genome editing reagents: delivery into single cells 4 Delivery methods for genome editing reagents: delivery into intact tissues 5 Alternatives to DNA delivery 6 Morphogenic genes increase transformation efficiency and extend genotype range 7 Morphogenic genes permit transformation in nontraditional explants 8 Future trends 9 Where to look for further information 10 References
Transformation‐Associated Epstein‐Barr Virus Antigens as Targets for Immune Attacka (1993)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Using Liquid Crystal Assisted Replica Molding Method to Align Uniaxial Molecules in Patterned Polymers at Ambient Temperature (2009)

In this paper, we demonstrate an easy approach – liquid crystal assisted replica molding method – to align uniaxial molecules in a patterned polymer at ambient temperature. During the process, the orientation of liquid crystals is parallel to the groove of the grating mold and the uniaxial molecules are aligned by liquid crystals. Many research groups in the field of optics and organic optoelectronics have paid huge attention to the polymer-chromospher system. Here, in order to quantify the degree of alignment, we measure both polarized absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. According to our results, our approach to align molecules in a polymer can truly open up an easy way to manufacture optoelectronic and electronic devices.
Potential application of a handheld confocal endomicroscope imaging system using a variety of fluorophores in experimental gliomas and normal brain (2014)

Confocal endomicroscopy provided rapid histological information precisely related to the site of microscopic imaging with imaging characteristics of cells related to the unique labeling features of the fluorophores. Although experimental with further clinical trial validation required, these data suggest that intraoperative confocal imaging can help to distinguish normal brain from tumor and tumor margin and may have application in improving intraoperative decisions during resection of brain tumors.
A perfomance assesment of a 2 axis scanning mirror galvanometer for powder bed fusion (2017)

Additive Manufacturing by powder bed fusion allows production of high strength parts with complex features, not possible through conventional manufacturing. To experiment and test current theory within laser processing of metal powder, an open and customizable laser scanner platform is developed and constructed. The platform seeks to fully support and enable the laser driven process of selective consolidation metal powder, as most industrially available powder bed fusion machine tools are closed and proprietary systems. This allows the machine tool manufacturer to strictly control how the system is used and therefore maintainstability through limiting the operator to use proprietary software hardware and process materials but unfortunately limits to an equally wide extent how such machine tools can be applied for research purposes as it renders the scientist to become a mere operator of the machine tool. A galvanometer based laser scanning system is here presented. The system was designed to meet a theoretical resolution of 0.009 mm. From inspiration of the use of optomechanical hole plates as reference artefacts for coordinate metrology a test was conducted to verify the accuracy of the laser scanning system. The system was found to perform excellent for relative positioning. Absolute positioning of the laser beam did not conform with design specifications, as the test deviated by0.12mm with respect to the nominal test value, yet this is expected in the future to be met from the implementation of a better galvanometer control system.
Characterization of Contact Structure for Woven Electronic Textile Using Conductive Polymer Micro-Cantilever Array (2012)

Conductive polymer coated micro-cantilever array made by reel-to-reel continuous fiber process as the electrical contact components for woven electronic textile was investigated. We report the novel cantilever releasing method using air injection and the results of patternable CYTOP and organic conductive polymer using nanoimprinting method. The conductive organic material used in this study is PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(4-styrenesulfonate)). Micro-cantilever contact array is realized to compose the electrical circuit through the large area woven textile. The contact resistance of 480 Ω is hold on for over 500 times. Contact resistance measurements revealed that an electric current begins to flow with smaller contact force for PEDOT:PSS coated cantilever array structure than for PEDOT:PSS film structure. There is no appreciable wear on cantilever surface due to its movability after 103 cycles contact test with 0.5 N contact force. Based on these results, PEDOT:PSS coated micro-cantilever array have excellent potential as electrical contact components between weft and warp for woven electronic textile.
Mixed nearfield/farfield beamforming: a new technique for speech acquisition in a reverberant environment (2002)

In designing a microphone array for speech acquisition in a reverberant room, one is often faced with a mixed nearfield/farfield design problem, i.e., design a beamformer which can focus on a nearfield source, but which simultaneously can cancel room reverberation (which is typically modeled as isotropic farfield interference). This paper presents a new technique to solve such a problem. Using the spherical solution to the wave equation, a beamforming technique is presented to simultaneously approximate a desired nearfield beampattern and a desired farfield beampattern.
Direct Fabrication as a Patient-Targeted Therapeutic in a Clinical Environment (2012)

A paradigm shift is taking place in orthopaedic and reconstructive surgery. This transition from using medical devices and tissue grafts towards the utilization of a tissue engineering approach combines biodegradable scaffolds with cells and/or biological molecules in order to repair and/or regenerate tissues. One of the potential benefits offered by solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technologies is the ability to create such biodegradable scaffolds with highly reproducible architecture and compositional variation across the entire scaffold due to their tightly controlled computer-driven fabrication. Many of these biologically activated materials can induce bone formation at ectopic and orthotopic sites, but they have not yet gained widespread use due to several continuing limitations, including poor mechanical properties, difficulties in intraoperative handling, lack of porosity suitable for cellular and vascular infiltration, and suboptimal degradation characteristics. In this chapter, we define scaffold properties and attempt to provide some broad criteria and constraints for scaffold design and fabrication in combination with growth factors for bone engineering applications. Lastly, we comment on the current and future developments in the field, such as the functionalization of novel composite scaffolds with combinations of growth factors designed to promote cell attachment, cell survival, vascular ingrowth, and osteoinduction.
Properties and Design of Variable-to-Variable Length Codes (2018)

For the entropy coding of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) binary sources, variable-to-variable length (V2V) codes are an interesting alternative to arithmetic coding. Such a V2V code translates variable length words of the source into variable length code words by employing two prefix-free codes. In this article, several properties of V2V codes are studied, and new concepts are developed. In particular, it is shown that the redundancy of a V2V code cannot be zero for a binary i.i.d. source {X} with 0 &lt; p X (1) &lt; 0.5. Furthermore, the concept of prime and composite V2V codes is proposed, and it is shown why composite V2V codes can be disregarded in the search for particular classes of minimum redundancy codes. Moreover, a canonical representation for V2V codes is proposed, which identifies V2V codes that have the same average code length function. It is shown how these concepts can be employed to greatly reduce the complexity of a search for minimum redundancy (size-limited) V2V codes.
Distributed estimation in sensor networks with imperfect model information: An adaptive learning-based approach (2012)

The paper considers the problem of distributed estimation of an unknown deterministic scalar parameter (the target signal) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), in which each sensor receives a single snapshot of the field. The observation or sensing mode is only partially known at the corresponding nodes, perhaps, due to their limited sensing capabilities or other unpredictable physical factors. Specifically, it is assumed that the observation process at a node switches stochastically between two modes, with mode one corresponding to the desired signal plus noise observation mode (a valid observation), and mode two corresponding to pure noise with no signal information (an invalid observation). With no prior information on the local sensing modes (valid or invalid), the paper introduces a learning-based distributed estimation procedure, the mixed detection-estimation (MDE) algorithm, based on closed-loop interactions between the iterative distributed mode learning and estimation. The online learning (or sensing mode detection) step re-assesses the validity of the local observations at each iteration, thus refining the ongoing estimation update process. The convergence of the MDE algorithm is established analytically. Simulation studies show that, in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, the MDE estimation error converges to that of an ideal (centralized) estimator with perfect information about the node sensing modes. This is in contrast with the estimation performance of a naive average consensus based distributed estimator (with no mode learning), whose estimation error blows up with an increasing SNR.
Abstract 20364: Successful Ablation of Ventricular Fibrillation in Malignant Bileaflet Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome (2014)

Introduction: Although the vast majority of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is benign, women with bileaflet MVP (biMVP), complex ventricular ectopy (VE), and abnormal T waves may comprise the recently described malignant biMVP syndrome. The mechanism of ventricular arrhythmia is unknown. To further characterize the arrhythmic substrate, we reviewed our center’s ablation experience in 6 biMVP patients with prior cardiac arrest and recurrent ICD shocks for drug refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF). Methods and Results: Six women with biMVP (median age 31.5 [range 24.2 - 58.7] years, EF 65 [45 - 67]%, all ≤moderate mitral regurgitation) experienced 6 (3 - 25) appropriate ICD shocks over 4.8 (2.8 - 10.7) years and underwent index ablation between 2/2007 - 10/2013. All had multiple VE morphologies (median 7 [3 - 24]) with variable coupling intervals but with a predominant VE trigger for the VF. A median 2 (1 - 4) VE foci were ablated. Sites of successful ablation of VF-triggering and other dominant VE were left ventricular papillary muscles [PM] (1 anterior, 1 posterior, 1 both), fascicles (1 anterior, 1 posterior), or both (1 both PM and posterior fascicle). Outflow tract VE was also present and targeted (1 left, 1 right)i. Two underwent repeat ablation (288 and 312 days) for recurrent complex VE without shocks, with different foci to the index ablation (1 posterior fascicle, 1 both fascicles). The VF-triggering VE in all patients was confirmed as originating from within the left fascicular system, which in 3/6 was at a papillary muscle. Acute procedural success was seen in all with no complications to date. A VF storm occurred within 24 hours of ablation in a single patient. At follow-up of a mean 662 (47 - 2099) days, 1 patient received a single shock (p=0.03 vs. preablation). Symptomatic VE was reduced in all; while 3/6 continue Class 1c antiarrhythmics and 5/6 have beta blockade. Conclusion: Malignant biMVP syndrome is characterized by fascicular and papillary muscle PVCs that trigger ventricular fibrillation, yet in all patients, the VE is multifocal. Ablation of at least one focus appears to improve symptoms and reduce shocks.
Nanospheres-paclitaxel-a novel biodegradable formulation as a potential anti-cancer agent (2008)

5735 To improve the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel and to overcome the toxicities associated with Cremophor-paclitaxel (PTX), we developed a nanospheres-paclitaxel (Nano-PTX) system using a biodegradable, polymeric tyrosine-based triblock copolymer. The nanospheres are formed by the self-assembly of a symmetrical ABA-type amphiphilic triblock copolymer. The A-blocks are poly(ethylene glycol), and the hydrophobic B-blocks are oligomers of desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine alkyl esters and non-toxic diacids. These nanospheres form stable complexes with wide variety of hydrophobic therapeutic agents, including paclitaxel, and deliver them efficiently to cells. This system is intended to improve delivery of drugs to tumors while minimizing adverse side-effects. To test the efficacy and safety of Nano-PTX, in-vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo human breast cancer xenograft mouse models were evaluated. In vitro, at concentrations of 0.5-4 mg/ml, the nanospheres showed no significant growth inhibition of KB colon carcinoma cells. Similarly, no toxicity was evident in ICR mice treated at 5, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg doses of nanospheres on a 3 times weekly schedule. Nano-PTX exhibited anti-proliferative activity towards KB colon cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 4.2±0.1 ng/ml. The in vivo efficacy of Nano-PTX was assessed in Ncr nu/nu mice bearing subcutaneous MDA-MB-435 breast cancer xenografts. Nano-PTX was administered via tail vein injections using a dose of 15 mg/kg and a q2d x 5 administration schedule. As a control, Cremophor paclitaxel was administered to a separate group of xenograft-bearing mice using an identical dose and schedule. As assessed by body weight, there was little evidence of toxicity with either Nano-PTX or Cremophor-PTX at this dose level. As expected, treatment with Cremophor-PTX was associated with a significant decrease in tumor growth rate relative to saline-treated mice (p