gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Search for Real-World Entities: A Survey Thesearchforreal-worldentities(people,places,andthings)seemslikelytobecomeas important as document searching; this paper surveys relevant approaches and outlines possible solutions. (2010)

We are observing an increasing trend of connect- ing embedded sensors and sensor networks to the Internet and publishing their output on the Web. We believe that this development is a precursor of a Web of Things, which gives real-world objects and places a Web presence that not only contains a static description of these entities, but also their real-time state. Just as document searches have become one of the most popular services on the Web, we argue that the search for real-world entities (i.e., people, places, and things) will become equally important. However, in contrast to the mostly static documents on the current Web, the state of real-world entities as captured by sensors is highly dynamic. Thus, search- ing for real-world entities with a certain state is a challenging problem. In this paper, we define the underlying problem, outline the design space of possible solutions, and survey relevant existing approaches by classifying them according to their design space. We also present a case study of a real-world search engine called Dyser designed by the authors.
Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of alkenes with Pd/carbon nanotubes at an oil–water interface (2022)

Abstract Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) produces high-value chemicals from unsaturated organics using water as a hydrogen source. However, ECH is limited by the low solubility of substrates when operated under aqueous conditions, by electrical losses when performed in organic electrolytes and, in general, by low faradaic efficiency and fastidious work-up. Here, we show that a Pickering emulsion compartmenting organic substrates and aqueous electrolytes in different phases enables efficient ECH at the interface. We designed a construct comprising Pd nanoparticles immobilized on positively charged carbon nanotubes that localizes at the interface to act as both emulsion stabilizer and electrocatalyst. Applied to the ECH of styrene, the system delivers ethylbenzene at high faradaic efficiency (95.0%) and mass specific current density (–148.1 mA $${{{\mathrm{mg}}}}_{{{{\mathrm{Pd}}}}}^{ - 1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>mg</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Pd</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> ). The system combines good substrate solubility, high conductivity and simplified product isolation, and has proved applicable to the conversion of various alkenes. This strategy may thus provide alternative solutions to the ECH of substrates with low water solubility, such as bio-oil and bio-crude.
Atherosclerosis and glycation (1994)

Atherosclerosis is the major cause of death in the industrialised world. Though much work on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis points to 'oxidised' low density lipoprotein (LDL) as a key aetiological feature in the generation of the atherosclerotic plaque, the nature of this 'oxidised' LDL in vivo remains an enigma. We argue here that glycated LDL shows many of the characteristics attributed to 'oxidised LDL' and may be the source of the latter in vivo. These include the increased uptake and impaired degradation of glycated LDL by macrophages and the stimulation of transendothelial chemotaxis of monocytes, cytokine secretion and platelet aggregation. We hypothesise that the covalent binding of glycated LDL to the endothelial cell wall may result in the formation of the early atherosclerotic lesion of the fatty streak and that apolipoprotein E may mediate the physiological clearance of glycated moieties. The proposed role of glycation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis would explain its high incidence among diabetics and the contentious epidemiological and experimental correlations between dietary sugar and atherosclerosis.
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminum Hydride: A Reversible Material for Hydrogen Storage. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Observer evaluation of a method for producing simulated mammograms (2007)

We have developed a method for producing simulated mammograms from high fidelity breast specimen radiographs. The method has the advantage of having access to all the truth information for the lesions. By modeling different parts of a screen-film system, we simulated the output of the system, and compared it to the real mammography images from the same samples. In this work we show how our simulation program produces realistic mammography images and also the observer study that tests how well the observers can distinguish the real and simulated images. Preliminary results from the ROC study show that the observers could not distinguish the two types of images very well.
Material cristalino microporoso de naturaleza zeolítica (zeolita ITQ-28) (2006)

Referencia OEPM: P200302334.-- Fecha de solicitud: 29/09/2003.-- Titulares: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).
Structure of hydrophilic polymer networks formed by copolymerization/crosslinking reactions (1990)

Free radical copolymerization/crosslinking reactions of hydrophilic methacrylates with small amounts of the dimethacrylate crosslinking agents were investigated. The products of these reactions are three dimensional network "hydrogels" which have a wide range of applications, including controlled release, and environmentally sensitive materials. The evolution of polymer network structure was investigated theoretically and experimentally. A statistical model of copolymerization/crosslinking reactions was developed to provide information about the formation of network structure. The important chemical reaction features such as intramolecular cyclization, and termination by multiple mechanisms were incorporated into the statistical description. Expressions for structural averages including molecular weights, the critical conversion for gelation, the number of elastically active chains, and the molecular weight between crosslinks were obtained using a generating function technique. Experimental profiles of the reaction rate as a function of time were obtained using differential scanning calorimetry. The magnitude of the gel effect was found to depend on the crosslinker concentration, dilution, and pendent chain length. More detailed experimental analysis was performed using $\sp{13}$C NMR. Well resolved $\sp{13}$C NMR spectra of the reaction system were obtained both before and after the gel point. An experimental procedure using $\sp{13}$C labelled initiator and crosslinking agent was developed to investigate the post-gel reaction regime. The $\sp{13}$C labelling of the reactants present in small amounts enhanced their NMR peaks allowing reliable integration to be performed. The $\sp{13}$C NMR studies indicated that the primary polymer chain length increased during the course of the reaction. The formation of environmentally sensitive hydrogels by incorporating two complementary complexing species in the same network was investigated theoretically. A statistical description of the complexation of free and graft oligomers with complementary polymers was developed. The conformation of a complexed oligomer was described by sequences of repeating units in trains, tails, and loops. Simulation results indicate that the conformational averages for the ungrafted case asymptotically approach those for the grafted case as the segmental binding free energy, polymer concentration, and oligomer chain length increase.
An Augmented Reality System for Ultrasound Guided Needle Biopsies (2002)

We have developed an augmented reality visualization system that helps the physician perform ultrasound guided needle biopsies. For a needle biopsy, the needle has to be inserted into an anatomical target to remove a tissue sample. Ultrasound guidance is routinely used e.g. for breast needle biopsies. The real-time ultrasound images allow the physician to locate the target and to monitor the needle position. Our system uses a combination of an optical laser guide and a virtual guide in the augmented image to provide intuitive guidance for the needle placement. There is no need to track the needle, i.e. there is no need to instrument the needle for tracking. In phantom tests, users have performed well with the system without prior training. This paper describes special features of our system and the workflow for the needle placement procedure.
Fig. S5 from Small-Molecule–Mediated Stabilization of PP2A Modulates the Homologous Recombination Pathway and Potentiates DNA Damage-Induced Cell Death (2023)

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<title>Nonparametric estimation of autocorrelation and spectra using cumulants and polyspectra</title> (1990)

Autocorrelation and specira of linear random processes can be expressed in terms of cumulants and polyspectra respectively. The insensitivity of the latter to additive Gaussian noise of unknown covariance is exploited in this paper to develop spectral estimators of deterministic and linear non-Gaussian signals using polyspectra. In the time-domain windowed projections of third-order cumulants are shown to yield consistent estimators of the autocorrelation sequence. Both batch and recursive algorithms are derived. In the frequency-domain a Fourier-slice solution and a least-squares approach are described for performing spectral analysis through windowed bi-periodograms. Asymptotic variance expressions of the time- and frequencydomain estimators are also presented. Two-dimensional extensions are indicated and potential applications are discussed. Simulations are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms and compare them with conventional approaches. I.
Laser ablation: Optimising material removal rate with limited oxidation of Ti6Al4V (2011)

Laser ablation is a method of removing relatively small volumes of material from a substrate and this technique is finding a wide range of exploitation avenues in industry; such as large scale paint remover to composite resin removal. It has particular relevance to the aerospace industry due to the precision and speed of the material removal. In order for this technique to be effective, the laser parameters need to be optimised. In this instance, the volume of material removed has been studied using an Nd:YAG Q-Switched pulsed laser. The laser parameters: speed of the laser, intensity, pulse duration, frequency etc were varied to determine the optimum parameters for the removal of approximately 0.1cm3 of material from Ti6Al4V. It was determined that the rate of material removal is dependent on the laser parameter interaction rather than the overall energy of the system. In parallel, the effect of parameters on the surface of the sample were studied and optimum parameters determined for maximum material removal rate with little or no oxidative effects. In addition, the samples have been mechanically tested using High Cycle Fatigue, and found to be favourable compared to more conventional material removal techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: THE 12‐S‐CIS CONFORMATIONALLY LOCKED 11‐CIS‐RETINOIDS: A DELINEATION OF THE THERMAL REQUIREMENTS FOR (1,5)‐SIGMATROPIC SHIFTS AND ELECTROCYCLIZATIONS IN THE VITAMIN A SERIES AND NOVEL SPECTRAL PROPERTIES (1983)

Abstract Ausgehend von den Komponenten (Ia) (Darstellung beschrieben), (II) und (IV) wird das Vinylalkenol (Va) synthetisiert, dessen thermolytische Umlagerungsreaktion die isomeren Produkte (VIIIa) + (VIIIb) + (IXa) sowie die tetracyclische Verbindung (VI) liefert.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Fused [2,1-b]-Quinazolinone Alkaloids (2007)

Solid-phase synthesis of fused [2,1-b]quinazolinone alkaloids was developed. Thus, the reaction of PS-p-nitrophenyl carbonate 1 with anthranilic acids 13 gave carbamates 2. Condensation of 2 with lactams 14 using DCC and DMAP in CH2Cl2 afforded 3 and 4. During TFA-mediated cleavage of the benz­imides 3 and 4, the resulting aniline intermediates were cyclized under cleavage conditions to give deoxyvasicinone derivatives 7 and 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b]quinozolin-11-ones 8 in good yield (87-90% yield from 1).
Characterization of the interaction of plant transcription factors using a bacterial repressor protein. (1991)

Transcription initiation from a eukaryotic polymerase II promoter requires a functional interaction of regulatory transcriptional activators with at least one of the basal transcription factors binding in the vicinity of the TATA box. To characterize this type of interaction in vivo, we have inserted the bacterial Tet repressor-operator complex in nine different positions between an enhancer element (as-1) and the TATA box of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S RNA promoter. A direct contact between the transcriptional activator ASF-1, which binds to as-1, and the transcriptional machinery should be affected by a repressor protein bound between them, as the spacing of only 34 base pairs (bp) between as-1 and the TATA box is too short to allow looping of the DNA around the repressor. In each construct, the distance of 34 bp was kept constant, while the position of the 19-bp tet operator relative to the TATA box differed by 2 bp. Thus, the position of the Tet repressor relative to the plant transcription factors was consecutively changed by 72 degrees, which allowed us to investigate whether repression depended on the stereospecific alignment of the repressor with the transcription factors. Binding of the Tet repressor to the operator blocked transcription only when the operator was inserted less tha 5 bp from the TATA box. In all other promoter derivatives, no inhibitory effect of the repressor was observed, which suggests that ASF-1 does not directly interact with the general transcription machinery.
A Transcriptional Signature for Active TB: Have We Found the Needle in the Haystack? (2013)

Adithya Cattamanchi and colleagues reflect on recent research by Michael Levin and coworkers into the use of whole blood mRNA expression signatures to detect tuberculosis. The authors highlight challenges faced in getting this promising technology into clinics in low-resource settings. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Use of Plastic Optical Fibers for Distributed MIMO in Li-Fi Systems (2019)

Previous researches on optical wireless communication (OWC) focused mainly on increasing the data rate for mobile broadband delivery. However, for new applications such as industrial wireless, reliability and robustness against interference play a crucial role. This paper focuses on the design, characterization, and real-world testing of novel solutions for OWC taking industrial requirements into account. Recent experimental works have demonstrated the feasibility of reliable OWC in a manufacturing environment. Here we propose to implement networked OWC which is also known as Li-Fi by means of a distributed MIMO approach enabling ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) which is an important use case for 5G and beyond mobile networks. For distributing the MIMO signals, plastic optic fiber (POF) is a promising low-cost solution offering high data rates, easy deployment and inherent robustness against electromagnetic interference. As POF may become a main component for Li-Fi using distributed MIMO, commercially available POF solutions are studied and their usability for this new application to distribute signal between central unit and multiple frontends is discussed.
On The Construction of Aircraft Conceptual Geometry for High-Fidelity Analysis and Design (2012)

This paper examines the desirability and the challenges of incorporating highdelity geometry de nition into the Multidisciplinary Design, Analysis and Optimization (MDAO) process earlier than currently practiced. A major objective is the ability to enable geometry de nition for lowdelity as well as highdelity analyses, in order to support the entire MDAO process from conceptual to detail design in a seamless manner. Another objective is the ability to support di erent disciplines such as both structural and aerodynamic analyses from the same geometry de nition. Finally, there are the goals of ease of use and support for automation to minimize unnecessary or repetitive human e ort. It is argued that Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) is the natural foundation for attaining these goals. Two di erent current user-level approaches which employ CSG at low level are considered: 1) CAD systems and their \feature based view of construction, and 2) Bottom-Up methods which generate solid \components. Although Bottom-Up methods do not have the turn-key features of commercial CAD systems, it is clear that their exibility and potential open nature is an advantage in the long term, especially if geometric design-gradient information is required for optimization. To realize the MDAO objectives via the Bottom-Up approach, a new software suite, the Electronic Geometry Aircraft Design System (EGADS), has been developed. It is a relatively simple and compact Open-Source Object-Based API built on top of the extensive OpenCASCADE solid-modeling kernel. EGADS routines implement relatively high-level operations which insulate the user from OpenCASCADE’s size and complexity, and for maximum exibility can be driven by either C, C++, or FORTRAN user applications. The basic features and constructs of EGADS are described, and an example application is presented to demonstrate its capabilities and e ectiveness.
Cochlear amplification and tuning depend on the cellular arrangement within the organ of Corti (2018)

The field of cochlear mechanics has been undergoing a revolution due to recent findings made possible by advancements in measurement techniques. While it has long been assumed that basilar-membrane (BM) motion is the most important determinant of sound transduction by the inner hair cells (IHCs), it turns out that other parts of the sensory epithelium closer to the IHCs, such as the reticular lamina (RL), move with significantly greater amplitude for weaker sounds. It has not been established how these findings are related to the complex cytoarchitecture of the organ of Corti between the BM and RL, which is composed of a lattice of asymmetric Y-shaped elements, each consisting of a basally slanted outer hair cell (OHC), an apically slanted phalangeal process (PhP), and a supporting Deiters' cell (DC). Here, a computational model of the mouse cochlea supports the hypothesis that the OHC micromotors require this Y-shaped geometry for their contribution to the exquisite sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the mammalian cochlea. By varying only the OHC gain parameter, the model can reproduce measurements of BM and RL gain and tuning for a variety of input sound levels. Malformations such as reversing the orientations of the OHCs and PhPs or removing the PhPs altogether greatly reduce the effectiveness of the OHC motors. These results imply that the DCs and PhPs must be properly accounted for in emerging OHC regeneration therapies.
The spectrum of spinal cord lesions in a primate model of multiple sclerosis (2019)

Our findings underscore the relevance of this nonhuman primate EAE model for better understanding mechanisms of MS lesion formation in the SC.
Characterization and Benchmarking of the Low Intertier Thermal Resistance of Three-Dimensional Hybrid Cu/Dielectric Wafer-to-Wafer Bonding (2016)

In this paper, we present the design of a passive test chip with thermal test structures in the Metal 1 layer of the back-end of line (BEOL) for the experimental thermal characterization of the intertier thermal resistance of wafer-pairs fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) hybrid Cu/dielectric wafer-to-wafer (W2W) bonding. The thermal test structures include heater elements and temperature sensors. The steady-state or transient measurement data are combined with a modeling study to extract the thermal resistance of the bonded interface for the fabricated bonded wafer pair. The extracted thermal resistance of the die–die interface created by hybrid wafer-to-wafer bonding is compared to literature data for die-to-die (D2D) or die-to-wafer (D2W) stacking with microbumps. The low thermal resistance of the thin bonded dielectric interface indicates that hybrid Cu/dielectric bonding is a promising technology to create 3D chip stacks with a low thermal die-to-die resistance.
Metabolic products of microorganisms. 254. Structure of the new nikkomycins pseudo-Z and pseudo-J. (1989)

Two new nikkomycins were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces tendae Tü 901/PF 53+-3. These new metabolites, nikkomycins pseudo-Z (psi-Z,1) and pseudo-J (psi-J, 2) differ from the corresponding nikkomycins Z and J by a C-glycosidic bond between C-5 of uracil and C-1' of 5-amino-5-deoxy-D-allo-furanuronic acid instead of an N-glycosidic bond. The structure elucidation was achieved by two-dimensional NMR techniques and mass spectrometry.
Selenium-doped sulfur cathodes for rechargeable batteries (2023)

An electrochemical device includes an anode, a separator, a cathode comprising a selenium-doped sulfur/carbon composite that includes a conductive carbon matrix and nano-sized selenium-doped sulfur particles of formula SxSey, where a ratio of x:y is from 2.5 to 1000, and an electrolyte comprising a salt and a non-aqueous fluorinated ether solvent.
Tristetraprolin and other CCCH tandem zinc-finger proteins in the regulation of mRNA turnover (2002)

The tristetraprolin (TTP) family of CCCH tandem zinc-finger proteins is composed of three known members in mammals, with a fourth member recently identified in frogs and fish. Although TTP was first cloned more than 10 years ago as a growth factor-induced gene, a physiological function for the protein has been discovered only within the last few years. TTP is now known to bind to so-called class II AU-rich elements within the mRNAs that encode tumour necrosis factor-alpha and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. In both cases, this binding results in destabilization of the mRNA and decreased secretion of the protein. Recent evidence suggests that TTP can accomplish this accelerated mRNA degradation by first promoting removal of the polyadenylated tail from the mRNA (deadenylation). In functional assays in cells, the other family members have similar activities, but are expressed differently in tissues and in response to stimuli, suggesting that they may control the stability of mRNAs under different circumstances from those in which TTP affects mRNA. All of these proteins are phosphoproteins and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins, suggesting that their activities can be regulated in ways other than regulating gene transcription. Together, the TTP family members should be capable of complex regulation of short-lived mRNAs containing this type of AU-rich instability motif.