gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micromolding of Thermoplastic Polymers for Direct Fabrication of Discrete, Multilayered Microparticles (2022)

Soft lithography provides a convenient and effective method for the fabrication of microdevices with uniform size and shape. However, formation of an embossed, connective film as opposed to discrete features has been an enduring shortcoming associated with soft lithography. Removing this residual layer requires additional postprocessing steps that are often incompatible with organic materials. This limits adaptation and widespread realization of soft lithography for broader applications particularly in drug discovery and drug delivery fields. A novel and versatile approach is demonstrated that enables fabrication of discrete, multilayered, fillable, and harvestable microparticles directly from any thermoplastic polymer, even at very high molecular weights. The approach, isolated microparticle replication via surface-segregating polymer blend mold, utilizes a random copolymer additive, designed with a highly fluorinated segment that, when blended with the mold's matrix, spontaneously orients to the surface conferring an extremely low surface energy and nonwetting properties to the template. The extremely nonwetting properties of the mold are further utilized to load soluble biologics directly into the built-in microwells in a rapid and efficient manner using an innovative screen-printing approach. It is believed that this approach holds promise for fabrication of large-array, 3D, complex microstructures, and is a significant step toward clinical translation of microfabrication technologies.
Comparison of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Novel Quadrivalent Meningococcal ACWY-Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine and a Marketed Quadrivalent Meningococcal ACWY-Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Individuals 10-25 Years of Age (2013)

Tetanus toxoid-conjugated MenACWY vaccine was well tolerated and elicited an immune response that was noninferior to that of a marketed MenACWY-DT (www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01165242).
Profound Anti-HIV-1 Activity of DAPTA in Monocytes/macrophages and Inhibition of CCR5-mediated Apoptosis in Neuronal Cells (2007)

Monocytes/macrophages (M/M) are strategic reservoirs of HIV-1, spreading the virus to other cells and inducing apoptosis in T-lymphocytes, astrocytes and neurons. M/M are commonly infected by R5 HIV-1 strains, which use the chemokine receptor CCR5. D-Ala-peptide T-amide (DAPTA), or Peptide T, named for its high threonine content (ASTTTNYT), is a synthetic peptide comprised of eight amino acids (185-192) of the gp120 V2 region and functions as a viral entry inhibitor by targeting selectively CCR5. The anti-HIV-1 activity of DAPTA was evaluated in M/M infected with R5 HIV-1 strains. DAPTA at 10(-9) M inhibited HIV-1 replication in M/M by > 90%. PCR analysis of viral cDNA in M/M showed that DAPTA blocks HIV entry and in this way prevents HIV-1 infection. Moreover, DAPTA acts as a strong inhibitor and was more active than the non-peptidic CCR5 antagonist TAK-779 in inhibiting apoptosis (mediated by RS HIV-1 strains produced and released by infected M/M) on a neuroblastoma cell line. Our results suggest that antiviral compounds which interfere with receptor mechanisms such as CCR5 could be important, either alone or in combination with other antiretroviral treatments, in preventing HIV infection in the central nervous system and the consequential neuronal damage that leads to neuronal AIDS.
Comparative evaluation of SiC and Si PV inverter systems based on power density and efficiency as indicators of initial cost and operating revenue (2013)

In this paper, two three-level three-phase all Si PV inverter topologies are compared to a standard two-level three-phase topology employing SiC-based power transistors. In a comparative evaluation based on multi-objective component modeling, the performance trade-offs between achievable efficiency and power density are systematically analyzed for all systems. On the one hand, this is to investigate the potential of SiC to decrease the system complexity while achieving similar or better performance. The analysis shows that a similar power density and efficiency can be obtained with the SiC two-level system while requiring only one tenth of the chip area when compared to the three-level Si inverters. On the other hand, in a next step, using power density and efficiency as indicators for initial inverter cost and operational revenue, the trade-off analysis will allow to determine the economically optimal system dimensioning.
Figure S4 from Immune Checkpoint Blockade, Immunogenic Chemotherapy or IFN-α Blockade Boost the Local and Abscopal Effects of Oncolytic Virotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Antitumor activity of WR in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors&lt;/p&gt;
56.3: Development of One Drop Fill Technology for AM‐LCDs (2001)

Abstract A new cell process for TFT‐LCDs which integrates the liquid crystal (LC) injection with the glass substrate assembly process has been developed and has similarities to that previously reported for passive LCDs. In this process LC is applied in droplets directly onto the glass substrate, and results in reduced LC waste, reduction of fabrication time, and overall process simplification. With this technology, we fabricated 22 inch diagonal, high‐resolution products and achieved better cell gap uniformity and fast (16.7 ms) time response for the in‐plane switching (IPS) mode LCDs.
2-cycle Cr:ZnS Laser with Intrinsic Nonlinear Interferometry (2019)

We demonstrate a fs laser architecture that enables the direct measurement of the laser’s carrier envelope offset frequency. A multi-Watt source is arranged as a full-repetition-rate polycrystalline Cr:ZnS MOPA and covers 3-octaves (0.4–4.2 µm).
Field emission vacuum power switch using vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (2002)

A field emission vacuum switch using vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) grown by a direct current plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (DC PECVD) is reported. Cathodes with optimised field emission properties were evaluated in a diode configuration as a test vehicle for the construction of a vacuum power three terminal triode.
On the performance of quadrilateral finite elements in the solution to the Stokes equations in periodic structures (1985)

Abstract The use of the finite element method in solving the problem of flow of a Newtonian fluid in periodically constricted tubes is explored. The performance of eight node serendipity and nine node Lagrangian elements is compared. It was found that the Lagrangian element results in unstable velocity fields when stagnant or recirculation regions are present. This is characteristic of tubes with large expansion zones. The eight node element does not exhibit instabilities. Both elements give accurate pressure fields. This behaviour is contrary to traditional results obtained for flow problems with similar geometrical characteristics. This suggests that the periodicity of the boundary conditions might be the cause of the instabilities in the numerical solution. The use of the continuity equation to simplify the viscous terms in the Stokes equations resulted, in this particular case, in a deterioration of the rate of convergence of the algorithm.
Immunotherapy and peripheral-blood transplant for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (2000)

Management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) continues to be of strong research interest. Three articles looking into the question of administering immunotherapy or providing an allogeneic peripheral-blood stem cell transplant for patients with metastatic RCC are reviewed.
ATP depletion alters myosin I beta cellular location in LLC-PK1 cells (1997)

The brush border (BB) of the proximal tubule cell (PTC) requires dynamic membrane events for function. The actin cytoskeleton is necessary for structure and function in this region. ATP depletion disrupts both structure and function. In this report, myosin 1 beta location in LLC-PK1 cells was followed during ATP depletion and repletion using immunofluorescence and Western blot techniques. Myosin I beta colocalized with F-actin in the microvilli and cell periphery, but no colocalization was observed with stress fibers. ATP depletion increased the apical F-actin, and myosin I beta was colocalized there. In addition, after ATP depletion, myosin I beta was extracted less by Triton X-100. These changes were reversed after ATP repletion. Finally, immunofluorescence of kidney sections shows myosin I beta in the BB. These results place this motor in a dynamic region of the PTC where its actin and membrane binding domains can contribute to PTC function.
R1 and R2 characterization of human blood with phase-cycled balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) (2019)

Balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequences have received increased interest for functional BOLD experiments since, in contrast to conventional EPI-based techniques, they are not prone to geometric distortions in the phase encoding direction. Characterization of measured BOLD signal changes requires consideration of extravascular as well as intravascular contributions. Knowledge about the relaxation rates of human blood is a prerequisite to quantify the intravascular contribution to the BOLD effect. Here, R1 and R2 relaxation rates of blood samples are intrinsically obtained from a series of phase-cycled bSSFP scans to account for the repetition time dependence of R2 due to rapid refocusing.
MoodCubes: Immersive Spaces for Collecting, Discovering and Envisioning Inspiration Materials (2022)

In early stages of creative processes, practitioners externalize and combine inspirational materials, using strategies such as mood board creation to achieve a desired vision and aesthetic. Yet, collecting and combining materials can be difficult: (1) mood boards bias towards 2D images, neglecting audio, video, and 3D models; (2) alternative externalizations such as prototypes are best suited for later stages and can be time-consuming and tedious to create; and (3) online searches lead to disjointed sources between different websites and assets in the file system. To address these challenges, we created MoodCubes, a system for rapid creation and manipulation of multimedia content. When adding content, MoodCubes decomposes objects (e.g., extracting colour palettes), suggests new materials without the need to search (e.g., 3D models, images, lighting effects), and provides filters to change the scene’s aesthetic. We studied eight creative professionals using MoodCubes, which suggested ways the system might advance existing design practices.
ST segment depression: the possible role of global repolarization dynamics. (2007)

The non-localizing nature of early ST segment depression could be due to global epicardial and endocardial transmembrane potential gradients related to the activation/repolarization sequence, whereas the possibly localizing nature of late ST segment depression could be due to the relative removal of the epicardial gradient, and an increase of the transmembrane potential gradient across the endocardium.
The future of zoonotic risk prediction (2021)

In the light of the urgency raised by the COVID-19 pandemic, global investment in wildlife virology is likely to increase, and new surveillance programmes will identify hundreds of novel viruses that might someday pose a threat to humans. To support the extensive task of laboratory characterization, scientists may increasingly rely on data-driven rubrics or machine learning models that learn from known zoonoses to identify which animal pathogens could someday pose a threat to global health. We synthesize the findings of an interdisciplinary workshop on zoonotic risk technologies to answer the following questions. What are the prerequisites, in terms of open data, equity and interdisciplinary collaboration, to the development and application of those tools? What effect could the technology have on global health? Who would control that technology, who would have access to it and who would benefit from it? Would it improve pandemic prevention? Could it create new challenges? This article is part of the theme issue 'Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe'.
In vivo imaging of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (2016)

Abstract Diverse neurological dementias show neuropathological features, such as deposition of abnormal protein aggregates, as exemplified by accumulation of amyloid‐beta peptide and tau proteins in Alzheimer's disease. These pathological changes are accompanied by activation of inflammatory microglia and astrocytes, which act on neurons either deleteriously or protectively. Several molecular markers including 18‐kDa translocator protein are known to be upregulated in aggressive microglia exerting neurotoxicity, and in vivo visualization of these components potentially contributes to assessments of the disease severity. Meanwhile, biological indicators for other microglial and astrocytic phenotypes are yet to be identified. Inflammatory microgliosis has also been found to have bidirectional mechanistic links to amyloid‐beta peptide and tau pathologies, and neurodegeneration, supporting the view that modifications of degenerative dementias will be enabled by optimizing immunotherapeutic approaches to neuroinflammation with the aid of imaging modalities targeting specific glial phenotypes.
A swarm intelligence based distributed localization technique for wireless sensor network (2012)

Wireless sensor network (WSN) refers to a group of spatially dispersed and dedicated sensors for monitoring and recording the physical conditions of the environment and organizing the collected data at a central location. Sensor Localization is a fundamental challenge in WSN. In this paper localization is modeled as a multi dimensional optimization problem. A comparison study of energy of processing and transmission in a wireless node is done, main inference made is that transmission process consumes more than processing. An energy efficient distributed localization technique is proposed. Distributive localization is addressed using swarm techniques Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization (CLPSO) because of their quick convergence to quality solutions. The performances of both algorithms are studied. The accuracy of both algorithms is analyzed using parameters such as number of nodes localized, computational time and localization error. A simulation was conducted for 100 target nodes and 20 beacon nodes, the results show that the PSO based localization is faster and CLPSO is more accurate.
VERIFICATION OF OPERATING SYSTEM COMPONENTS (2017)

The paper concerns recent advances in reaching the goal of industrial operating system (OS) verification. By industrial OS we mean a system actively used in some industrial domain, elaborated and maintained for a significant time, not a proof-of-concept OS developed with mostly research intentions. We consider decomposition of this goal into tasks related with various functional components of OS and various properties under verification, and application of different verification methods to those tasks. This is a trial to explicate and summarize the experience of several projects on various OS components and different OS features verification conducted in ISP RAS.
Performance Testing of Jars (1990)

ABSTRACT This paper presents results from a test programme on jars and jar accelerators. More than twenty jars in the range of 6.25" OD to 8" OD have been tested in a horizontal jarring rig built especially for this investigation. The test program comprises both single tool tests and full jarring tests where the jars are tested together with accelerators. In the single tool tests, the jars are extended and closed slowly to provide data on release forces, friction forces, jar strokes and delay times for hydraulic jars. In the full jarring tests the jars have been tested dynamically under realistic conditions. In these tests the dynamic friction is measured at realistic telescopic speeds and the strength of the jar is checked. The tests have revealed significant differences in the performance of various jars. In particular, dynamic friction forces vary widely between tools. The test results and their applications to downhole jarring are discussed.
Tubulin mRNA stability is sensitive to change in microtubule dynamics caused by multiple physiological and toxic cues (2019)

Abstract The localization, mass, and dynamics of microtubules are important in many processes. Cells may actively monitor the state of their microtubules and respond to perturbation, but how this occurs outside mitosis is poorly understood. We used gene expression analysis in quiescent cells to analyze responses to subtle and strong perturbation of microtubules. Genes encoding α-, β, and γ-tubulins, but not δ- or ε-tubulins, exhibited the strongest differential expression response to microtubule-stabilizing versus destabilizing drugs. Q-PCR of exon versus intron sequences confirmed that these changes were caused by regulation of tubulin mRNA stability and not transcription. Using tubulin mRNA stability as a signature to query the GEO database, we find that tubulin genes respond to toxins known to damage microtubules. Importantly, we find many other experimental perturbations, including multiple signaling and metabolic inputs that trigger tubulin differential expression, suggesting their novel role in the regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton. Mechanistic follow up confirms that one important physiological signal, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) activity, indeed regulates tubulin mRNA stability via changes in microtubule dynamics. We propose that that tubulin gene expression is regulated as part of many coordinated biological responses, with wide implications in physiology and toxicology. Furthermore, we present a new way to discover microtubule regulation using genomics.
Stitching Error Analysis in an Electron Beam Lithography System: Column Vibration Effect (1993)

The column vibration effects on field stitching accuracy in an electron beam lithography system are investigated. Field stitching error analysis shows that beam placement error caused by column vibration is about 0.04 µm. This corresponds to 80% of the required accuracy for 0.3-µm ULSIs. In this study, the relation between column vibration and field stitching accuracy is clarified using modal analyses by measurement of column acceleration and by computer simulation. Based on these analyses, a new anti-vibration system was designed. As a result, stitching error due to column vibration is reduced to less than 0.01 µm, and field stitching accuracy of 0.05 µm (|Mean|+3σ) is achieved. In the next-generation, quantitative understanding of disturbance effects such as vibration will be the most critical issue in designing more accurate electron beam lithography systems.
Phase Evolution, Filler-Matrix Interactions, and Piezoelectric Properties in Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)-Filled Polymer-Derived Ceramics (PDCs) (2020)

PZT-silsesquioxane-based 0-3 hybrid materials are prepared by mixing lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr,Ti)O<sub>3</sub>; PZT) powder with a [R-SiO<sub>3/2</sub>]<sub>n</sub> (R = H, CH<sub>3</sub>, CH=CH<sub>2</sub>, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>) silsequioxane preceramic polymer. A PZT load up to 55 vol.% can be reached in the final composite. The piezoelectric and mechanical properties are investigated as a function of the filler content and are compared with theoretical models and reference samples made of the pure preceramic polymer or PZT filler. The piezoelectric response of the composites, as expressed by the relative permittivity and the piezoelectric coefficients d<sub>33</sub> and g<sub>33</sub>, increases with an increasing PZT content. The bending strength of the composites ranges between 15 MPa and 31 MPa without a clear correlation to the filler content. The thermal conductivity increases significantly from 0.14 W∙m<sup>-1</sup>∙K<sup>-1</sup> for the pure polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) matrix to 0.30 W∙m<sup>-1</sup>∙K<sup>-1</sup> for a sample containing 55 vol.% PZT filler. From X-ray diffraction experiments (XRD), specific interactions between the filler and matrix are observed; the crystallization of the PDC matrix in the presence of the PZT filler is inhibited; conversely, the PDC matrix results in a pronounced decomposition of the filler compared to the pure PZT material.
Structure-Based Design of an Intramolecular Proton Transfer Site in Murine Carbonic Anhydrase V (1996)

Carbonic anhydrase V (CA V) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the hydration of CO2 to produce bicarbonate and a proton. The catalytic properties of wild-type murine CA V suggest the presence of a proton shuttle residue having pKa = 9.2, the role of which is to transfer a proton from zinc-bound water to solution in the hydration direction to regenerate the zinc hydroxide form of the enzyme. Two likely candidates for shuttle residues are the tyrosines at positions 64 and 131 in the active site cavity. The crystal structure of wild-type carbonic anhydrase V [Boriack-Sjodin et al. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 10949-10953] shows that the side chain of Tyr 64 is forced into an orientation pointing away from the zinc by Phe 65, although Tyr 131 is oriented toward the zinc. We have prepared mutants of murine CA V replacing both Tyr 64 and Tyr 131 with His and Ala and investigated the proton shuttle mechanism using stopped-flow spectrophotometry and the depletion of 18O from CO2 measured by mass spectrometry. Experiments with both single and double mutations showed that neither position 64 nor position 131 was a prominent site for proton transfer. However, a double mutant of CA V containing the two replacements, Tyr 64-->His and Phe 65-->Ala, demonstrated enhanced proton transfer with an apparent pKa of 6.8 and maximal contribution to kcat of 2.2 x 10(5) s-1. In addition to the altered catalytic properties, the crystal structure of the His 64/Ala 65 double mutant strongly suggested proton transfer by His 64 after removal of the steric hindrance of Phe 65. This is the first structure-based design of an efficient proton transfer site in an enzyme.
Hot Block Clustering for Disk Arrays with Dynamic Striping (1995)

RAID5 disk arrays provide high performance and high reliability for reasonable cost. However RAID5 suffers a performance penalty during block updates. In order to overcome this problem, the use of dynamic striping was proposed. This method buffers a number of updates, generates a new stripe composed of newly updated blocks, and then writes the new full stripe back to disks. In this paper, we examine the effect of access locality on the dynamic striping method. To further improve performance in such an environment, we introduce the dynamic clustering policy for hot blocks. Performance analysis with various access localities shows that this method has higher performance than ordinary methods. Performance is also examined for localities that change over time. The dynamic clustering of hot blocks follows locality transitions, showing that under dynamic conditions performance improves.