gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of semi-active systems for vehicles (2012)

Questo lavoro di tesi tratta l’analisi e lo sviluppo di sistemi di sospensioni semi-attive per veicoli terrestri. In particolare, i temi discussi in questa tesi sono i seguenti:
•	Analisi e modellistica di ammortizzatori semi-attivi. Sono proposti un protocollo di caratterizzazione e modelli non lineari di sospensioni elettroniche. 
•	Progetto di una nuova strategia di controllo orientata al comfort. Tale strategia e basata sul modello half-car del veicolo e permette di ottenere prestazioni superiori rispetto all’algoritmo stato dell’arte progettato a partire da una rappresentazione a singolo asse del veicolo.
•	Progetto di una nuova strategia di controllo orientata alla tenuta di strada del veicolo. In particolare, tale strategia e basata sulla massimizzazione delle forze di contatto scambiate tra pneumatico e strada.
•	Applicazione della tecnica di controllo a modello di riferimento alle sospensioni semi-attive. In particolare viene descritta l’implementazione delle strategie di controllo su una piattaforma elettronica hardware e software di tipo industriale.
•	Studio in simulazione dell’influenza delle sospensioni sulle dinamiche fuori dal piano. Inoltre, una nuova strategia di controllo centralizzata e stata sviluppata al fine di aumentare la stabilita di una motocicletta durante manovre particolarmente critiche.
•	Per l’applicazione industriale di sistemi di sospensione semi-attiva, le informazioni riguardanti la dinamica verticale del veicolo devono essere il piu possibile affidabili e a basso costo. Vengono quindi affrontati i temi della stima della velocita di elongazione della sospensione e della deflessione dello pneumatico con differenti sensori, mediante osservatori basati sul filtraggio alla Kalman. Infine, viene valutata la possibilita di ridurre il numero di sensori necessari per il controllo delle dinamiche verticali in un veicolo a quattro ruote.
•	Nell’ultimo Capitolo una innovativa architettura di sospensione, la sospensione a doppio stadio, viene presentata e analizzata. Questo sistema e in grado di approssimare il comportamento di una sospensione reattiva in cui sia il coefficiente di smorzamento sia quello di rigidezza possono essere modulati.
Abdominal computed tomography in small cell lung cancer: Assessment of extent of disease and response to therapy (1982)

Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed as part of the initial staging evaluation in 77 patients with small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung. CT scans revealed mass lesions in 26 patients (34%). Abnormalities were confined to the liver in 15 patients and to retroperitoneal structures (lymph nodes, adrenal glands, psoas muscle region masses) in eight, and occurred in both areas in three. However, only three of 29 patients otherwise staged as having limited disease (confined to one hemithorax and regional nodes) had evidence of abdominal metastases on CT scan. Most (23/26) positive studies were in patients already known to have more extensive tumor dissemination. In 71 patients with pathologic confirmation of liver status, CT had a sensitivity of 63%, specificity of 91%, and overall accuracy of 85% in assessing the liver. Comparison of radionuclide liver scan findings with hepatic biopsies gave similar results. During therapy, 65 follow-up CT scans were obtained in 46 patients. Scan abnormalities improved or disappeared in 11/12 cases with tumor response documented in other ways, appeared or worsened in 5/13 cases of tumor progression that was diagnosed by other tests, and only rarely (2/65 scans) improved at the time of documented tumor progression, or vice versa. In only three patients, however, did CT scan provide the sole site of evaluable disease during treatment or detect either the only area of residual disease in a patient in otherwise complete remission or the initial evidence of tumor progression. Although abdominal CT scans in SCC can demonstrate metastatic dissemination not evaluable by other means, they provide relatively little therapeutically relevant information beyond that obtained with standard staging procedures.
Synthesis of Novel, Potentially Biologically Active Dibenzosuberone Derivatives (2005)

Novel representatives of the important group of biologically active dibenzosuberone derivatives were prepared: 3,7-dibromo-5-(dimethylaminoethyl- oxyimino)-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepta-1,4-diene (1), 3,7-dibromo-5-(3- dimethylaminopropylidene)-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene (2) and 1,7- dibromo-5-(3-dimethylaminopropylidene)-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo-[a,d]-cycloheptene (3). These compounds are potential tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), which are still the most frequently prescribed antidepressants in many countries.
Effects of a Long Daily Photoperiod on Milk Yield and Circulating Concentrations of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (1997)

Relative to a short daily (24-h) photoperiod, exposure to a long daily photoperiod increases the milk yield of dairy cows. However, the endocrine basis for this phenomenon is unknown. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that a long daily photoperiod is associated with increased circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, a hormone that is galactopoietic in ruminants. Forty lactating cows were exposed to either a natural photoperiod (< or = 13 h of light/d) or to a long daily photoperiod (18 h of light and 6 h of darkness) between January and April 1995. Cows were fed for ad libitum intake a total mixed diet formulated to meet the nutritional demands of lactation. Milk yield and dry matter intake were quantitated each day, and blood samples were collected by coccygeal venipuncture every 14 d. Plasma was harvested and assayed for IGF-I. The long photoperiod increased milk yield relative to the natural photoperiod (36.1 +/ 0.6 vs. 33.9 +/ 0.6 kg/d); the increase became significant after 28 d of treatment and was maintained for the duration of the study. In addition, cows exposed to a long photoperiod had greater circulating concentrations of IGF-I than did cows exposed to the ambient natural photoperiod (60.1 +/ 2.0 vs. 52.6 +/ 2.0 ng/ml). Concentrations of IGF binding protein -2 and -3 in plasma did not differ between treatments. These results support the hypothesis that a long daily photoperiod increases circulating concentrations of IGF-I in lactating cows and reveal a possible endocrine mechanism for the galactopoietic response to a long daily photoperiod.
Characterization of a human eosinophil proteoglycan, and augmentation of its biosynthesis and size by interleukin 3, interleukin 5, and granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor. (1988)

Human eosinophils were cultured for up to 7 days in enriched medium in the absence or presence of recombinant human interleukin (IL) 3, mouse IL 5, or recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and then were radiolabeled with [35S]sulfate to characterize their cell-associated proteoglycans. Freshly isolated eosinophils that were not exposed to any of these cytokines synthesized Mr approximately 80,000 Pronase-resistant 35S-labeled proteoglycans which contained Mr approximately 80,000 glycosaminoglycans. RNA blot analysis of total eosinophil RNA, probed with a cDNA that encodes a proteoglycan peptide core of the promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell, revealed that the mRNA which encodes the analogous molecule in eosinophils was approximately 1.3 kilobases, like that in HL-60 cells. When eosinophils were cultured for 1 day or longer in the presence of 10 pM IL 3, 1 pM IL 5, or 10 pM GM-CSF, the rates of [35S]sulfate incorporation were increased approximately 2-fold, and the cells synthesized Mr approximately 300,000 Pronase-resistant 35S-labeled proteoglycans which contained Mr approximately 30,000 35S-labeled glycosaminoglycans. Approximately 93% of the 35S-labeled glycosaminoglycans bound to the proteoglycans synthesized by noncytokine- and cytokine-treated eosinophils were susceptible to degradation by chondroitinase ABC. As assessed by high performance liquid chromatography, 6-16% of these chondroitinase ABC-generated 35S-labeled disaccharides were disulfated disaccharides derived from chondroitin sulfate E; the remainder were monosulfated disaccharides derived from chondroitin sulfate A. Utilizing GM-CSF as a model of the cytokines, it was demonstrated that the GM-CSF-treated cells synthesized larger glycosaminoglycans onto beta-D-xyloside than the noncytokine-treated cells. Thus, IL 3, IL 5, and GM-CSF induce human eosinophils to augment proteoglycan biosynthesis by increasing the size of the newly synthesized proteoglycans and their individual chondroitin sulfate chains.
Shock-induced formation of a disordered solid from a dense particle suspension (2012)

Shock wave propagation in multiphase media is dominated by the relative compressibility of the mixture components, which can result in shock-induced variations in the volume fraction of the suspension. As the post-shock volume fraction of a dense suspension increases with increasing shock strength, a loosely disordered solid can take form which causes an increase in the stiffness of the suspension. The present study investigates the formation of disordered structures within dense suspensions as well as the effect that such structures have on wave propagation through shock Hugoniot data for dense suspensions of silicon carbide in ethylene glycol. An analytical model will be used to illustrate the shock-induced variations of the mesostructure within the suspensions.
Isotype heterojunctions with flat valence or conduction band (1997)

We show that isotype heterojunctions with a perfectly flat majority or minority carrier band edge can be realized by modulation doping of arbitrary continuous alloy grading. The required impurity distribution is obtained analytically from the knowledge of the compositional grading and band structure parameters in the grading. This analytic relationship is exact for heterojunctions in which the grading fields are negligible in comparison with the atomic fields. We illustrate the design of flat valence-band heterojunctions for application in high-reflectivity low-resistance distributed Bragg reflectors for vertical-cavity lasers. The presented formalism enables the design of isotype heterojunctions with arbitrary band-edge profiles.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Higher Frequencies of GARP<sup>+</sup>CTLA-4<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> T Regulatory Cells and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Are Associated with Impaired T-Cell Functionality (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 139K, Supplementary Figure 6. Intracellular cytokine expression from in vitro stimulated T cells.&lt;/p&gt;
A Mixed Frequency/Time-Domain Method to Evaluate the Performance of Semi-Active Steering Damper Control Strategies During Challenging Maneuvers (2011)

This work presents the validation of control strategies for a semi-active steering damper aimed at improving the stability of two-wheeled vehicles by controlling the weave and wobble modes. A mixed frequency/time-domain method is introduced to evaluate the performance of the control strategies. The proposed cost functions allow one to evaluate the influence of the algorithms on the damping of the weave and wobble modes and also the overall performance in terms of stability of the steering assembly and of the chassis. The performance of the control algorithms is assessed on a multibody motorcycle simulator considering three challenging maneuvers that excite both the weave and wobble modes, such as kick-back and strong braking while cornering at high speed.
RFQ-accelerator-based neutron radiography and tomography system (1997)

Transportable accelerator based sources are the only means by which large structures such as aircraft or industrial components can be inspected practically using neutron radiography. Since such sources are generally considerably lower in flux than reactors, the entire system must be designed for high imaging efficiency. We describe an imaging system for accelerator based thermal neutron tomography and radiography based on the use of a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) using a Be target. Fast neutrons, produced through the reaction 9 Be 4 (d,n) 10 B 5 , are moderated with typical thermalized neutron fluence rates of 10 3 to 10 4 n/cm 2 /s, depending on the collimation. The camera system consists of a 1242 by 1152 pixel CCD cooled to -50 degrees C viewing a 20 by 20 cm NE-426 scintillator through an F/0.9 100 mm focal length lends. Our experiments show that neutron statistical noise and not the performance of the CCD system is the dominant limitation in the camera. We have used the system for imaging corrosion in lap joints of KC-135 aircraft and have been able to quantify corrosion within the joint.
Mouse N-ras genes: organization of the functional locus and of a truncated cDNA-like pseudogene. (1987)

The N-ras gene was first identified in both humans and mice as a mutationally activated oncogene found in tumors. The nucleotide sequence and intron/exon structure of the coding region of the mouse gene have been determined previously. We have now determined the sequence and intron/exon structure of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions of mouse N-ras. Like its human homolog, the 3' untranslated region of the gene is encoded by two exons, and the 5' region is encoded by one. In addition, we have isolated and sequenced a second mouse gene homologous to N-ras. This locus, which we have named N-ras-2ps, resides at a chromosomal site distinct from N-ras and appears to be a truncated cDNA-like pseudogene.
Preface (1997)

This issue of the IBM Journal of Research and Development contains papers selected from those presented at the 1996 Workshop on Performance Analysis and Its Impact on Design (PAID-96). This workshop was held March 27–29, 1996, at the IBM Austin Research Laboratory, and was sponsored by the IBM Research Division as one of the technical events organized to mark the 50th anniversary of IBM Research. The interest and participation it attracted has led the organizers to repeat it as an annual event.
Gefitinib-sensitizing mutation in esophageal carcinoma cell line Kyse450 (2006)

While more primary esophageal tumors remain to be screened for the mutations at the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR, current observation implies that gefitinib may be worth further investigation for treatment of esophageal cancers.
Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in the Young (2018)

Young and very young patients with HFpEF display similar adverse cardiac remodeling compared with their older counterparts and very poor outcomes compared with control subjects without heart failure. Obesity may be a major driver of HFpEF in a high proportion of HFpEF in the young and very young.
Optical Binary Multiplication Based On a Non-Holographic Content Addressable Memory (1991)

A new fast binary multiplication scheme based on a non-holographic optical content addressable memory (CAM) and a sign/logarithm number (SLN) system is presented. The design and experimental demonstration of a 7-bit multiplier are presented.
A SiN Microcalorimeter and a Non-Contact Precision Method of Temperature Calibration (2020)

A dual-channel flow-through microcalorimeter device is presented along with a non-contact precision method of temperature calibration. A microfluidic channel with a volume of 550 pL in a spiral layout was fabricated from low-stress nitride suspended over a cavity in a silicon substrate. The thin-film heater and resistive temperature detector (RTD) on the channel were defined by a patterned Ti layer. The device exhibited a rapid thermal response with the following thermal characteristics: a time constant of 10.5 ms, a heat conductance of 152 μ W · K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> and a heat capacitance of ≈1.6 μJ· K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> on average based on the measurements of nine separate units fabricated on the same wafer. Further, the melting curve analysis (MCA) of a double-stranded DNA was proposed as a non-contact method of microcalorimeter RTD calibration. The method revealed that the measurement by the RTD underestimates the temperature of the channel interior by an amount of nearly 15%, at 9 mW. At this dissipated power level, the method also revealed a spatial nonuniformity of ±0.8 °C across the microcalorimeter. [2020-0173].
Error-rate evaluation of linear equalization and decision feedback equalization with error propagation (1998)

We propose applying an approximate Fourier series to evaluate efficiently the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of finite-length linear equalization (LE) and decision feedback equalization (DFE). By extending the Fourier series, we enable BER calculations for quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) transmission on complex channels with in-phase and crosstalk intersymbol interference (ISI). The BER calculation is based on determining the residual ISI samples and background Gaussian noise variance at the equalizer output for static channels or for realizations of quasi-static fading channels. A simple bound on the series error magnitude in terms of the Fourier series parameters ensures the required accuracy and precision. Improved state transition probability estimates are derived and verified by simulation for an approximate Markov model of the DFE error propagation for the case in which residual ISI exists even when the previous decisions stored in the feedback filter (FBF) are correct. We demonstrate the ease and widespread applicability of our approach by producing results which elucidate a variety of equalization tradeoffs. Our analysis includes symbol-spaced and fractionally spaced minimum mean-square error (MMSE)-LE, zero-forcing (ZF)-LE, and MMSE-DFE (with and without error propagation) on static ISI channels and multipath channels with quasi-static Rayleigh fading; a comparison between suboptimum and optimum receiver filtering in conjunction with equalization; and an assessment of the accuracy of some widely used equalization BER approximations and bounds.
Effect of Ion Flux in Source-Drain Extension Ion Implantation for 10-nm Node FinFet and beyond on 300/450mm Platforms (2016)

The effects of very high ion flux and very large ion beam current need to be investigated if very high ion flux is to be considered as a method of throughput increase for high-current ion implantation. In this work, Synopsys TCAD Sentaurus was used to simulate As ion implantation in order to obtain silicon amorphization and dopant distribution data. The TEM images are consistent with TCAD simulation results. The device performance of the simulated Id-Vg curves for 10-nm node silicon FinFET was evaluated. It was determined that higher ion flux results in more As dopants in the channel at the same beam dose. The effects of the FinFET device performance, including current on/off ratio, and subthreshold swing, were studied. It was concluded the high ion flux does not have a detrimental impact on the FinFET electrical parameters examined in this work when the dose is chosen properly.
Development of Highly Sensitive Ion Imager Corresponding to Real-Time Readout Having Single-Ion Detectability (2012)

We designed a new type of stacked complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor active pixel sensor (SCAPS) for charged particles with real-time readout and single-ion detection capabilities. Here we present the characteristics of a new imager, SCAPS-II, which implements a newly devised pixel structure of 504×504 pixels for high sensitivity and a noise-reduction mechanism with analog accumulation capabilities inside the column readout circuits. The sensitivity for ions was estimated to be 150 µV/ion under 10 keV Si+ ion irradiation, which is 5 times greater than that of conventional SCAPS. The noise floor was at the 3 ion level without the noise-reduction mechanism at a frame rate of 0.16 s/frame. The noise reduction mechanism reduced the noise to the 1.7 ion level at 0.3 s/frame with 13 samplings. A combination of the noise-reduction mechanism and a multiple-frame-averaging technique achieved a noise level of 0.3 ions. Single-ion detectability was demonstrated using a combination of the noise-reduction mechanism and the multiple-frame-averaging technique that reduced the noise to the 0.3 ion level with 13 samplings, employing an integration circuit and 50-frame averaging at 14.4 s/frame.
H2S and CH3SH Sensor Using a Thick Film of Gold-Loaded Tungsten Oxide (1994)

Abstract A thick film sensor element fabricated with 0.5 wt% Au-loaded WO3 was found to exhibit excellent sensing properties to H2S and CH3SH in air at 300 °C. The element was sensitive to very dilute H2S and CH3SH, the detection limits of the gases being 20 ppb and 30 ppb, respectively.
Enhancements to the Bluetooth specification (2001)

Bluetooth is a standard for low cost and low power communications between various devices. Currently Bluetooth specifications support raw bit rates of up to 1 Mbit/s. In this paper we propose two techniques to increase the bit rate of a Bluetooth system with minimal architectural changes. The first technique is to transmit GFSK at twice the normal rate and then use a DFE at the receiver to remove the ISI. The second technique is to transmit 8-DPSK modulation at 2/3 of the normal rate.
NARROW SPECTRAL BANDWIDTH OPTIMIZATION OF COMPTON SCATTERING SOURCES (2011)

This paper presents the theoretical and numerical design and optimization of Mono-Energetic Gamma-Ray (MEGaRay) Compton scattering sources. A new precision source with up to 2.5 MeV photon energies, enabled by state-ofthe-art laser and x-band linac technologies, is currently being built at LLNL. The theoretical design, which includes spectral bandwidth optimization and nonlinear effects, is presented. We review the potential sources of spectral broadening, in particular due to the electron beam properties. A three dimensional analytical model and numerical benchmarks have been developed to model the source characteristics based on given laser and electron beam distributions, including nonlinear spectra. Since MEGaray sources are being developed for precision applications such as nuclear resonance fluorescence, assessing spectral broadening mechanisms is essential.
A 16-Gbps 9mW Transmitter with FFE in 90nm CMOS Technology for Off-Chip Communication (2011)

This paper presents a low power 16 Gbps backplane transmitter for chip-to-chip communication, designed and optimized in 90 nm CMOS process with supply voltage of 1V. The proposed 3-tap transmitter incorporates a new quarter-rate architecture for feed-forward equalization at the transmitter end. Key features of this architecture are: most of the circuit modules operate at quarter-rate and data serializer as well as feed forward equalizer are merged together in one module. Both the features enable low power operation. Simulation results show that 16 Gbps data rate can be achieved over 30 cm FR4 line consuming 9 mW average power. Power per Gbps consumed by the proposed architecture is 62% less as compared to state of the art FFE equalizer realized in the same technology.