gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achieving efficient channel utilization and weighted fairness for data communications in IEEE 802.11 WLAN under the DCF (2003)

Fair allocation of bandwidth and maximization of channel utilization are two important issues when designing a contention-based wireless medium access control (MAC) protocol. However, achieving both design goals at the same time is very difficult, and has not yet been addressed elsewhere. We study this challenging problem, particularly for data communications in IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs). We propose a priority-based fair medium access control (P-MAC) protocol by modifying the distributed coordination function (DCF) of the IEEE 802.11 MAC. The key idea is that the contention window size for each wireless station is properly selected to reflect: (1) the relative weights among data traffic flows, so as to achieve the weighted fairness; (2) the number of stations contending for the wireless medium, so as to maximize the aggregate throughput. In P-MAC, our approximations to the optimal contention window sizes, which are based on a theoretical analysis, are evaluated numerically and shown to work well under different network configurations and traffic scenarios. Moreover, simulation results show that, with few changes to the original DCF, P-MAC performs significantly better in terms of both fairness and throughput.
Sustained Overexpression of CYP1A1 and 1B1 and Steady Accumulation of DNA Adducts by Low-Dose, Continuous Exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene by Polymeric Implants (2011)

Many carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis studies reported in the past several decades have relied upon bolus dose(s) of test compounds to determine their DNA damage and carcinogenic potential. The high doses are far from the human scenario where exposure is almost always to low doses and for long duration. In this study, we report a novel polymeric implant system that provides continuous ("24/7") exposure to low doses using benzo[a]pyrene (BP) as a model carcinogen. Cylindrical implants (1 cm length, 3.2 mm diameter; 10 mg BP/100 mg implant) prepared from polycaprolactone:F68 (9:1) showed controlled release in vitro for long duration. To determine the rate of release and biochemical effects in vivo, groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats received either no treatment or subcutaneous sham or BP implants (1 cm, 10% load) and were euthanized after 6, 15, 30, and 180 days; the average dose of BP by the implant route was 16.7 ± 3 μg/rat. For comparison, rats were also treated with a single bolus dose of BP intraperitoneally (10 mg/rat) and euthanized at 6, 15, and 30 days. DNA adducts analyzed by (32)P-postlabeling in the lung and liver increased steadily with time with levels reaching 31 ± 3 and 17 ± 6 adducts/10(9) nucleotides, respectively, after 25 weeks; the adduct burden in the mammary tissue initially increased but then declined with time presumably due to high cell turn over. In contrast, the bolus dose treatment showed the highest DNA adduct levels after 6 days, followed by a steady decline. The steady accumulation of tissue DNA adducts in the implant groups corroborates the sustained overexpression of CYP1A1 and 1B1, the cytochrome P450s involved in the conversion of BP to its electrophilic metabolites. In contrast, the overexpression of CYP1A1 and 1B1 resulting from the bolus dose of BP lasted only for a few days. This is the first demonstration revealing that low-dose, continuous exposure to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as BP can render sustained expression of CYPs and steady accumulation of tissue DNA adducts. On the basis of our recent study in which we showed the presence of 17β-estradiol in the lung, the sustained overexpression of CYP1A1 and 1B1 due to continuous exposure to BP may increase the susceptibility to estrogen-mediated carcinogenicity.
Interleukin-6–Induced Inhibition of Multiple Myeloma Cell Apoptosis: Support for the Hypothesis That Protection Is Mediated Via Inhibition of the JNK/SAPK Pathway (1998)

The mechanism by which interleukin-6 (IL-6) protects multiple myeloma (MM) plasma cells from apoptosis induced by anti-fas antibodies and dexamethasone was studied. Anti-apoptotic concentrations of IL-6 had no effect on cell-cycle distribution or activation of RAF-1 or ERK in dexamethasone- or anti-fas-treated 8226 and UCLA #1 MM cell lines. However, IL-6-dependent protection of viability correlated with an inhibition of dexamethasone- and anti-fas-induced activation of jun kinase (JNK) and AP-1 transactivation. To test the hypothesis that cytokine-induced protection was mediated through inhibition of JNK/c-jun, we also inhibited c-jun function in 8226 cells via introduction of a mutant dominant negative c-jun construct. Mutant c-jun-containing MM cells were also resistant to anti-fas-induced apoptosis but were significantly more sensitive to dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. These results support the notion that IL-6 protects MM cells against anti-fas through its inhibitory effects on JNK/c-jun but indicate protection against dexamethasone occurs through separate, yet unknown pathways.
Detection of precoded signals using a receiver with non-coherent front end (2002)

In a high-speed wireless communications network with mobile terminals, an appealing way to off-load hardware complexity to the base station is to use transmitter precoding in the downlink direction. A modification to the conventional DQPSK receiver is presented for processing the extended precoded constellations without requiring good phase synchronization. To avoid the related severe noise multiplication effect, an alternative receiver is developed, incorporating a discrete-time phase tracker so that the constellation size can be reduced before the differential detection operation. With a 2nd-order estimator filter, this receiver approaches the performance of coherent detection for transmitter precoding.
P‐184: Photophysical Properties of Some Newly Synthesized Blue‐Emitting Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (2006)

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are important compounds for electronic applications. 7,16‐Dihydroheptacene derivatives (1 – 3) and anthanthrene (4) and derivatives (5 – 9) were synthesized and their emission properties compared in solution (λ max = 426 – 467 nm, φ F = 0.15 – 0.56, τF = 2.35 – 4.21 ns) and in the solid state (λ max = 420 – 468 nm, φ F = 0.375 – 0.86). 1 – 9 are stable blue emitters, especially in the solid state, and are promising materials as the emissive layer in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).
RNA Viral Vectors for Accelerating Plant Synthetic Biology (2021)

The tools of synthetic biology have enormous potential to help us uncover the fundamental mechanisms controlling development and metabolism in plants. However, their effective utilization typically requires transgenesis, which is plagued by long timescales and high costs. In this review we explore how transgenesis can be minimized by delivering foreign genetic material to plants with systemically mobile and persistent vectors based on RNA viruses. We examine the progress that has been made thus far and highlight the hurdles that need to be overcome and some potential strategies to do so. We conclude with a discussion of biocontainment mechanisms to ensure these vectors can be used safely as well as how these vectors might expand the accessibility of plant synthetic biology techniques. RNA vectors stand poised to revolutionize plant synthetic biology by making genetic manipulation of plants cheaper and easier to deploy, as well as by accelerating experimental timescales from years to weeks.
High Quality InGaN/AlGaN Multiple Quantum Wells for Semipolar InGaN Green Laser Diodes (2010)

The growth of InGaN/AlGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) structures is highly effective for realizing high quality semipolar (2021) active regions for green light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs). The use of AlGaN barriers significantly improved internal quantum efficiencies and the uniformity of the emission compared to InGaN or GaN barriers. 516 nm lasing wavelength was demonstrated on semipolar (2021) GaN substrates by introducing three periods InGaN/AlGaN MQWs and the AlGaN-cladding-free optical waveguide consisting of GaN cladding and InGaN guiding layers.
Effect of the position of nitrogen in pyridoindole on photophysical properties and device performances of α-, β-, γ-carboline based high triplet energy host materials for deep blue devices (2013)

Three carboline derivatives with nitrogen at different positions of the pyridoindole unit were synthesized and the effect of the position of nitrogen on the photophysical properties and device performances was investigated. β-Carboline was effective in obtaining high triplet energy and stabilizing energy levels, while α-carboline was better than other carbolines in terms of quantum efficiency. However, γ-carboline could not stabilize the LUMO level and low quantum efficiency was obtained.
On the Accuracy of Wall Shear Stress Using DPIV (2004)

Wall shear stress measurements are important for a variety of fluid mechanics phenomena and engineering applications ranging from estimation of viscous drag to the regulation of endothelial cell function in arterial flows [1–5]. Although DPIV has emerged over the past years as the method of choice for global non-invasive optical flow diagnostics [6–13] the issues associated with the indirect estimation of wall shear stresses from DPIV measured velocities have not been sufficiently addressed. The challenge is even more significant in the presence of deformable and dynamically moving boundaries. In particular such measurements require accurate determination of wall position, near-wall velocity measurements using DPIV algorithms, and the indirect estimation of the velocity derivatives in order to evaluate the shear stress. Dynamically moving boundaries, whether rigid or compliant, require special consideration, as the boundary position must be determined accurately as a function of space and time. It is necessary to quantify the accuracy of each measurement that contributes to the error of the wall shear stress estimation. In this work we decompose the problem into the following three aspects: (a) determination of the exact boundary points (b) DPIV velocity measurement uncertainty in the near wall region. (c) velocity derivative error. Methodologies and improvements addressing each aspect individually are proposed and a systematic parametric study of the related error is performed. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed parametric effort to quantify the errors associated with wall shear stress estimation from DPIV velocities.
Video Game Design for Learning to Learn (2022)

Over the past 20 years, the proposal that immersive media, such as video games, can be leveraged to enhance brain plasticity and learning has been put to the test. This expanding literature highlights the extraordinary power of video games as a potential medium to train brain functions, but also the remaining challenges that must be addressed in developing games that truly deliver in terms of learning objectives. Such challenges include the need to: (1) Maintain high motivation given that learning typically requires long-term training regimens, (2) Ensure that the content or skills to be learned are indeed mastered in the face of many possible distractions, and (3) Produce knowledge transfer beyond the proximal learning objectives. Game design elements that have been proposed to support these learning objectives are reviewed, along with the underlying psychological constructs that these elements rest upon. A discussion of potential pitfalls is also included, as well as possible paths forward to consistently ensure impact.
EM Measurements of Glucose-Aqueous Solutions (2019)

This paper demonstrates the use of a newly-developed commercial coaxial kit (DAK-TL) to investigate the dielectric properties of controlled binary glucose-water solutions prepared at concentrations (70-120 mg/dL), similar to type 2 diabetes patients, in a broad range of frequencies (0.3-67 GHz) using two different probes. The relative permittivity of glucose-loaded samples are then modeled in the mm-wave range from 50-67 GHz using a single-pole Debye equation of independent coefficients.
SfM-Net: Learning of Structure and Motion from Video (2017)

We propose SfM-Net, a geometry-aware neural network for motion estimation in videos that decomposes frame-to-frame pixel motion in terms of scene and object depth, camera motion and 3D object rotations and translations. Given a sequence of frames, SfM-Net predicts depth, segmentation, camera and rigid object motions, converts those into a dense frame-to-frame motion field (optical flow), differentiably warps frames in time to match pixels and back-propagates. The model can be trained with various degrees of supervision: 1) self-supervised by the re-projection photometric error (completely unsupervised), 2) supervised by ego-motion (camera motion), or 3) supervised by depth (e.g., as provided by RGBD sensors). SfM-Net extracts meaningful depth estimates and successfully estimates frame-to-frame camera rotations and translations. It often successfully segments the moving objects in the scene, even though such supervision is never provided.
Size-controlled synthesis and characterization of thiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles (2005)

Size-controlled synthesis of nanoparticles of less than a few nanometers in size is a challenge due to the spatial resolution limit of most scattering and imaging techniques used for their structural characterization. We present the self-consistent analysis of the extended x-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy data of ligand-stabilized metal nanoclusters. Our method employs the coordination number truncation and the surface-tension models in order to measure the average diameter and analyze the structure of the nanoparticles. EXAFS analysis was performed on the two series of dodecanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles prepared by one-phase and two-phase syntheses where the only control parameter was the gold/thiol ratio ξ, varied between 6:1 and 1:6. The two-phase synthesis resulted in the smaller particles whose size decreased monotonically and stabilized at 16Å when ξ was lowered below 1:1. This behavior is consistent with the theoretically predicted thermodynamic limit obtained previously in the framework of the spherical drop model of Au nanoparticles.
Microstructure effect in the coupling reactions of polymeric organolithium compounds using chlorosilanes (1998)

The most important variable affecting the yield in the coupling reactions of polymeric organolithium compounds with chlorosilane compounds has been investigated through size-exclusion chromatographic (SEC) analysis. The coupling reaction of poly(styryl)lithium with dichlorodimethylsilane as a silane-coupling agent provided 44 wt % of the coupling yield. The coupling yield, depending on the chain end reactivity of active polymers, was not greatly affected. The addition of a Lewis base such as N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) even after complete polymerization of the dienes in hydrocarbon seems to affect the coupling reaction, resulting in decreasing the yield. The 1,2- or 3,4-enchain contents in the polydiene backbones affected the reduction of the linking efficiency in the coupling of the poly(dienyl)lithiums with chlorosilanes as the linking agent. The linking yields of the active polymers including over 75 mol % of 1,2- or 3,4-enchainment on the polydiene segment were below 20 wt %. The linking yields exhibited a dependence not only on the steric requirement of the chain end, but also the microstructure of the polydiene segment. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1743–1753, 1998
From the antigen-presenting cell to the antigen-presenting vesicle: the exosomes. (2002)

Exosomes are membrane vesicles of 30 to 100 nm in diameter, of endocytic origin, and are produced and secreted in vitro by living cells of diverse origin. In vivo and in vitro experiments suggest, from their particular proteomic composition, that exosomes are involved in the transfer of tumor antigens to antigen presenting cells, and in the stimulation of a specific immune response. In this review, we provide a molecular characterization of exosomes. The hypotheses accounting for exosome biogenesis will be outlined. Finally, we will describe their bioactivities and discuss their potential relevance and clinical implementation for cancer immunotherapy.
Structure of the retinal chromophore in the hR578 form of halorhodopsin. (1984)

Halorhodopsin is a retinal-containing pigment that is thought to function as a light-driven chloride ion pump in the cell membrane of Halobacterium halobium. To address the role of the retinal chromophore in chloride ion transport, resonance Raman spectra have been obtained of the hR578 form of chromatographically purified halorhodopsin (hR). The close similarity of the frequencies and intensities of the hR578 Raman bands with those of light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin (bR568) shows that the chromophore in hR578 has an all-trans configuration and that the protein environment around the chromophore in these two pigments is very similar. In addition, hR578 exhibits a Raman line at 1633 cm-1 which is assigned as the stretching vibration of a protonated Schiff base linkage to the protein based on its shift to 1627 cm-1 in D2O. The reduced frequency of the Schiff base stretching vibration compared with bR568 (1640 cm-1) is shown to result from a reduction of its coupling with the NH in-plane rock. This may be due to a reduction in hydrogen-bonding between the Schiff base proton and an electronegative counterion in halorhodopsin.
Monitoring Dialysis Outcomes across the World - The MONDO Global Database Consortium (2013)

MONDO has created a large repository of validated dialysis data, expanding the opportunities for outcome studies in dialysis patients. The density of longitudinal information facilitates in particular trend analysis. Limitations include the paucity of uniform definitions and standards regarding descriptive information (e.g. comorbidities), which limits the identification of patient subsets. Through its global outreach, depth, breadth and size, MONDO advances the observational study of dialysis patients and care.
Low-Loss Air-Clad Suspended Silicon Platform for Mid-Infrared Photonics (2016)

We demonstrate a low-loss fully-air-clad suspended silicon platform for mid-infrared photonics. We fabricate a suspended microring resonator with a high quality factor of 83,000 at 3.79 μm wavelength and suspended nanotapers using etchless waveguide processing.
Triaging abnormal cervical cancer screening tests using p16INK4a detection by ELISA on fresh cervical samples (2021)

These results demonstrate the feasibility of quantifying p16INK4a by ELISA in fresh cervical samples, and its potential as an adjunct to existing screening strategies in the identification of high grade-dysplasia while reducing the number of colposcopic referrals.
Sources to variability in circulating human miRNA signatures (2017)

An increasing number of studies propose circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers for a large number of human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurologic pathologies and others. To further validate miRNA as biomarkers it is indispensable to understand the variability of circulating miRNAs in healthy individuals. We determined the longitudinal miRNomes of 90 serum samples from the Janus Serum Bank in Norway, which have been stored between 23 and 40 y at -25 °Celsius. We profiled 3 serum samples with microarrays for 30 individuals, each. For each individual the samples were collected with a time interval of approximately 5 y. This design allowed insights into inter-individual variability, age dependent miRNA variability and the impact of storage length and pre-processing. A significant proportion of the miRNome was affected by the age of the blood donor and a not negligible, albeit small, part of the miRNome by the storage time. A substantial part of miRNAs was differentially abundant between individuals, independent of the time when samples were collected. Stepwise filtering of the 529 miRNAs that were detected in the serum samples showed 168 miRNAs with differential abundance depending on the time point analyzed, 56 miRNAs differentially abundant between individuals, and 169 miRNAs with an abundance depending on the sampling procedure. While these groups of miRNAs contain generally interesting and biologically important miRNAs, the remaining 135 miRNAs constitute very promising biomarker candidates as they show an overall low variability between healthy individuals, a likewise overall low variability across a longer life span, and a high independence of the sampling process and the storage length.
Investigation of Antigen-Specific T-Cell Receptor Clusters in Human Cancers (2019)

Our analysis on the antigen-specific TCR clusters provides a unique resource for alternative antigen discovery and biomarker identification for cancer immunotherapies.
Analysis and Experiments of Maximum Throughput in Wireless Multi-Hop Networks for VoIP Application (2009)

This paper quantitatively analyzes the maximum UDP (User Datagram Protocol) throughput for two-way flows in wireless string multi-hop networks. The validity of the analysis is shown by the comparison with the simulation and the experiment results. The authors also clarify the difference fundamental characteristics between a one-way flow and a two-way flow in detail based on the simulation results. The result shows that collisions at both ends' nodes are decisive in determining the throughput for two-way flows. The analyses are applicable to the estimation of VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) capacity for string multi-hop networks represented by WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) mesh networks.
Pharmacokinetics and interactions of digoxin with phenobarbital in dogs (1987)

In one experiment, 5 dogs were administered digoxin (0.022 mg/kg of body weight, IV), were rested for 2 weeks, were then given phenobarbital (13.2 mg/kg orally) for 14 days, and then were given digoxin again (0.022 mg/kg, IV). Comparing prephenobarbital (control) digoxin half-lives of 42.4 +/- 8.8 hours and postphenobarbital digoxin half-lives of 18.0 +/- 2.2 hours, the half-life was significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased after phenobarbital administration. Clearance was increased by 84%, and the volume of distribution given was decreased by 34%. In a second experiment, 5 dogs were given digoxin (0.022 mg/kg, orally) daily for 11 days, and the digoxin kinetics were evaluated after the last dosing. The dogs were then rested and given phenobarbital (13.2 mg/kg, orally) once daily for 14 days and digoxin (0.022 mg/kg) once daily for 11 days, and the pharmacokinetics of digoxin was determined on the last day of dosing. Significant differences in steady-state serum concentrations and the pharmacokinetics of digoxin were not found between the control and phenobarbital phases of the experiment. Mean (+/- SD) half-lives of digoxin were 29.0 +/- 7.2 hours before phenobarbital treatment (control) and were 34.8 +/- 7.2 hours after phenobarbital treatment. In comparing results of the single-dose experiment vs the oral multiple-dose experiment, dogs had shorter half-lives for digoxin after multiple dosing. Therefore, if phenobarbital and digoxin are to be chronically coadministered orally, an adjustment in the digoxin dose is not necessary.
WITHDRAWN: New approach to obtain the rheological properties of drill-in fluid on a real-time using artificial intelligence (2019)

The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/187976-MS. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal