gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glycothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Scheelite-Type NaEuW[sub 2]O[sub 8] Nanophosphors (2009)

Scheelite-type (NEW) nanophosphors were synthesized from a tungsten source and acetates of sodium and europium(III) in 1,4-butylene glycol by a glycothermal reaction. When dodecatungstophosphoric acid hexahydrate (DPA) was chosen as a tungsten source, a glycothermal reaction at temperatures ranging from 200 to produced crystalline NEW nanophosphors in a single phase. The tetrahedral unit derived from DPA plays a significant role in the formation of crystalline NEW. The photoluminescence intensity due to the 4f–4f transitions of for the sample prepared at was over 80 times higher than that of the sample prepared at . The amount of organic species, determined by thermogravimetry, for the former was three times larger than that of the latter. We therefore conclude that the effect of surface passivation predominantly enhances the photoluminescence intensity of the scheelite-type NEW nanophosphor.
Primary tumours of the duodenum (1993)

Six primary duodenal tumours were diagnosed in our 300 bed institute during a period of 10 years. Two patients had benign tumours (leiomyoma and carcinoid) and four had malignant tumours (adenocarcinoma). The most common manifestation was severe iron deficiency anemia. Diagnosis was usually delayed (with a mean time of 7.7 months from initial complaints), endoscopy being the most common and useful diagnostic tool. A curative procedure was performed in two patients. Patients with unexplained chronic iron deficiency anaemia should undergo thorough gastrointestinal evaluation, including the small intestine, as a curable disease may be found to be the source of the complaint.
ANTIMICROBIAL TMSAC-ADDED WOOD-INORGANIC COMPOSITES PREPARED BY THE SOL-GEL PROCESS (1997)

One of the antimicrobial alkoxysilanes, 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl dimethyl octadecyl ammonium chloride (TMSAC), was applied to the sol-gel reaction to prepare the antimicrobial wood-inorganic composites from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The obtained TMSAC-SiO2 composites revealed some antimicrobial activities, but the use of the property-enhancer, 2-heptadeca-fluorooctylethyltrimethoxysilane (HFOETMOS) in a small quantity could provide water-repellency to the composites which has, further, improved its activities against both white-rot and brown-rot fungi. In addition, after a prolonged soil burial test, TMSAC woods have lost antimicrobial properties, whereas the TMSAC-SiO2, particularly, HFOETMOS-(TMSAC-SiO2) composites could have its high activities maintained. Therefore, it may be concluded that HFOETMOS-(TMSAC-SiO2) and TMSAC-SiO2 composites can provide sustainably high antimicrobial properties in wood.
Additive Manufacturing of Tool Steels (2022)

The public funded project “AddSteel” aims to develop functionally adapted steel materials for additive manufacturing (AM). Based on the AM process laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), the holistic process chain, including alloy design, powder atomization, AM, and postheat treatment, is considered to achieve this objective. Tool steels are usually characterized by higher carbon content and limited weldability, leading to limited processability for LPBF. To extend these limitations, different approaches for tool steels are investigated: for high‐carbon tool steels, the effects of lower martensite start temperature are investigated using the alloy 1.2842 as an example. A low martensite start temperature seems to be advantageous for crack‐free processing with LPBF. In order to avoid a high hardness level after rapid cooling, the use of a hot work steel with a carbon content of 0.2 wt% is investigated. Due to the chemical composition of the material, a moderate preheating temperature &lt;300 °C is required. In addition, very high scanning speeds are possible with an improved shielding gas flow. Finally, the experience along the process chain with the standard steels is used for a modification of the alloy 1.2344. The effects of this modification on AM and heat treatment are investigated.
1.05 GHz MEMS oscillator based on lateral-field-excited piezoelectric AlN resonators (2009)

This paper reports on the first demonstration of a 1.05 GHz microelectromechanical (MEMS) oscillator based on lateral-field-excited (LFE) piezoelectric Aluminum Nitride (AlN) contour-mode resonators. The oscillator shows a phase noise level of -81 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset frequency and a phase noise floor of -146 dBc/Hz, which satisfies the GSM requirements of Ultra High Frequency (UHF) local oscillators (LO). The circuit was fabricated in the AMIS 0.5 mum CMOS process, with the oscillator core consuming only 3.5 mW static power. A simple two-mask process was used to fabricate the LFE AlN resonators from 843 MHz to 1.64 GHz with high Q (up to 2,200) and k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (up to 1.2%). This process further relaxes manufacturing tolerances and improves yield. All these advantages make it suitable for post-CMOS integrated on-chip direct GHz frequency synthesis in reconfigurable multi-band wireless communications.
Water Vapor Effects on the Lubrication of Silicon MEMS by Alcohol Vapor. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
New Findings on Damage Potential, Geochemical Reaction Mechanisms, and Production Enhancement Applications for Citric Acid (2005)

Summary Application of citric acid for damage removal in both clastic and carbonate rocks has historically not received widespread acceptance because of formation damage concerns regarding precipitation of calcium citrate. In addition, usage of citric acid in place of hydrochloric acid has been avoided because of lower bulk carbonate dissolving power relative to hydrochloric acid. However, environmental, safety, and corrosion concerns with using hydrochloric acid have sparked renewed interest in citric acid for stimulation. This paper reconsiders the use of citric acid as both an additive to conventional hydrochloric acid systems and as a stand-alone acidizing fluid. The paper reviews extensive laboratory work focused on understanding reaction pathways and geochemical precipitation issues, and it takes a new look at paradigms related to the calcium citrate issue. Laboratory studies performed independently by two research laboratories address two main areas of investigation: (1) Evaluation of potential geochemical reaction paths and precipitation of calcium citrate and (2) mechanisms for generation of preferential etching in two carbonate rock lithotypes. The described mechanism for etching enhances conductivity in a contrasting mode compared to hydrochloric acid. Findings based on this work provide new insights into the applications, usage, and potential limitations of citric acid. A newly proposed process for downhole reaction is presented. This process differs greatly from long-held paradigms built on a foundation of bench-top experimentation. Factors controlling downhole reactions are disclosed, and the results of core testing and fracture conductivity experiments are presented.
Low-frequency, pbsi-mediated plasmid transduction in Bacillus pumilus (1976)

Three bacteriophages were tested for ability to transduce the plasmid of pPL10 between W mutant derivatives of Bacillus pumilus NRS 576. Phage PBP1- and PMB1-generated plasmid transductants occurred at about 10% the frequency of transductants for a chromosome marker. Phage PBS1-generated plasmid transductants occurred at less than 0.1% the frequency of transductants for a chromosome marker. Possible reasons for the extremely reduced capacity of PBS1 to generate plasmid transductants are discussed.
Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus theoretical prediction of high-pressure Arrhenius parameters by nonlinear regression: application to silane and disilane decomposition (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus theoretical prediction of high-pressure Arrhenius parameters by nonlinear regression: application to silane and disilane decompositionKarl F. Roenigk, Klavs F. Jensen, and Robert W. CarrCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 22, 5732–5739Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100306a043https://doi.org/10.1021/j100306a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Assessment of Stereoselectivity of Trimethylphenylalanine Analogues of δ‐Opioid [D‐Pen2,D‐Pen5]‐Enkephalin (2000)

[D-Pen(2),D-Pen(5)]-Enkephalin (DPDPE) is an enzymatically stable delta-opioid receptor-selective peptide, which was modified by the trimethylation of the Phe(4) residue to give beta-methyl-2', 6'-dimethylphenylalanine (TMP), resulting in four conformations : (2R,3S)-beta-Phe-DPDPE, (2R,3R)-beta-Phe-DPDPE, (2R, 3S)-beta-Phe-DPDPE, and (2S,3R)-beta-Phe-DPDPE. Synthesis was by solid-phase techniques using enantiomerically pure amino acids to give the four optically pure diastereoisomer peptides. The potency and selectivity (delta- versus mu-opioid receptor) were evaluated by radioreceptor binding in rat brain, with a mu/delta ratio decrease for all TMP conformations, compared with the parent compound (DPDPE). Octanol/buffer distribution analysis showed enhanced lipophilicity of all TMP forms, with a sixfold enhancement associated with (2S,3S)-TMP. In situ vascular perfusion in anesthetized rats showed a 1.6-fold (p < 0.01) increase in the ratio of brain uptake for (2S,3S)-TMP and a 1.5-fold (p < 0.01) decrease in uptake for (2R,3R)-TMP. Saturability of (2S,3S)-TMP was shown (p < 0.01) against 100 microM unlabeled DPDPE, showing a shared nondiffusionary transport system. P-glycoprotein affinity was shown in situ for the parent and (2S,3S)-TMP (p < 0.01). Protein binding capacity of the TMP compounds in rat plasma and in situ mammalian bovine serum albumin-Ringer showed (2R,3S)-TMP and (2S,3R)-TMP with the lowest degree of protein binding (p < 0.01), and (2S,3S)-TMP and (2R,3R)-TMP with comparable affinities to DPDPE. Analgesia, via intravenous administration, showed significantly reduced (p < 0.01) end effect and time course for (2R,3R)-TMP, (2R,3S)-TMP, and (2S, 3R)-TMP as compared with DPDPE. These results demonstrate that topographical modification in a conformationally restricted peptide can significantly modulate potency and receptor selectivity, binding capacity, enzymatic stability, lipophilicity, P-glycoprotein affinity, and blood-brain barrier permeability, resulting in a change of bioavailability, and thereby provides insight for future peptide drug design.
An Empirical Study of Factors Affecting Language-Independent Models (2019)

Scaling existing applications and solutions to multiple human languages has traditionally proven to be difficult, mainly due to the language-dependent nature of preprocessing and feature engineering techniques employed in traditional approaches. In this work, we empirically investigate the factors affecting language-independent models built with multilingual representations, including task type, language set and data resource. On two most representative NLP tasks -- sentence classification and sequence labeling, we show that language-independent models can be comparable to or even outperforms the models trained using monolingual data, and they are generally more effective on sentence classification. We experiment language-independent models with many different languages and show that they are more suitable for typologically similar languages. We also explore the effects of different data sizes when training and testing language-independent models, and demonstrate that they are not only suitable for high-resource languages, but also very effective in low-resource languages.
Capturing the power of resiliency and set consensus in distributed systems (1996)

In an asynchronous distributed system, the solvability of a task depends on the communication model and on the resiliency of the system to failures. Up to now, determining whether a given task is solvable or unsolvable in a system has been approached in an ad hoc manner and often has proven quite difficult. To address this problem, I completely characterize task solvability in read-write shared memory in the presence of failures under two distinct fault models: the model of t-resiliency in which no more than t processors of the system will fail, and the active resiliency model in which a function of the number of active processors in the system may fail. I also generalize the characterization to encompass communication models that use set consensus objects in addition to shared memory. An (n,k)-set consensus object can be used by n processors to restrict the number of inputs to at most k values. In fact, the power of a model to narrow the number of input values (through the resiliency and the communication primitives) is the determining factor in the characterization. Thus, I prove a trade-off between the communication model and the failure model with respect to the power of the given system to solve (i,k)-set consensus for all i and k. To achieve this characterization, I present a simplified model of read-write memory, a simplex agreement algorithm that may be used as a universal distributed algorithm and a simulation technique that allows the results results derived in one model to be used in another. The tools and the characterization contribute to the development of a framework for understanding distributed computation.
Ni/Al-Hybrid Cellular Foams: An Interface Study by Combination of 3D-Phase Morphology Imaging, Microbeam Fracture Mechanics and In Situ Synchrotron Stress Analysis (2021)

Nickel(Ni)/aluminium(Al) hybrid foams are Al base foams coated with Ni by electrodeposition. Hybrid foams offer an enhanced energy absorption capacity. To ensure a good adhering Ni coating, necessary for a shear resistant interface, the influence of a chemical pre-treatment of the base foam was investigated by a combination of an interface morphology analysis by focused ion beam (FIB) tomography and in situ mechanical testing. The critical energy for interfacial decohesion from these microbending fracture tests in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) were contrasted to and the results validated by depth-resolved measurements of the evolving stresses in the Ni coating during three-point bending tests at the energy-dispersive diffraction (EDDI) beamline at the synchrotron BESSY II. Such a multi-method assessment of the interface decohesion resistance with respect to the interface morphology provides a reliable investigation strategy for further improvement of the interface morphology.
Scanning Mutagenesis Reveals Roles for Helix N of the Bacteriophage T7 RNA Polymerase Thumb Subdomain in Transcription Complex Stability, Pausing, and Termination (2001)

Deletions within the thumb subdomain (residues 335-408) of T7 RNA polymerase decrease elongation complex stability and processivity, but the structure of a T7RNAP initial transcription complex containing a 3-nucleotide RNA reveals no interactions between the thumb and the RNA or DNA. Modeling of a longer RNA in this structure, using a T7DNAP-primer-template structure as a guide, suggests that the phosphate ribose backbone of the RNA contacts a stretch of mostly positively charged side chains between residues 385 and 395 of helix N of the thumb. Scanning mutagenesis of this region reveals that alanine substitutions of Arg(391), Ser(393), and Arg(394) destabilize elongation complexes and that substitutions at 393 and 394 increase termination of transcripts 5 or more bases in length. The alpha-carbons of all 3 of these residues lie on the side of helix N, which faces into the template-binding cleft of the RNA polymerase, and modeling suggests that they can contact the RNA 4-5 bases away from the 3'-end. Alanine substitutions of other residues within 385-395 do not have marked effects on transcription complex stability, but alanine substitutions of Asp(388) and Tyr(385) reduce pausing and termination at the T7 concatemer junction. Both of these side chains lie on the outer side of helix N, pointing away from the template binding cleft. The thumb subdomain of T7RNAP therefore has roles both in transcription complex stabilization and in pausing and termination at the T7 concatemer junction.
THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF LARGE WOODY DEBRIS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY IN THE BITTERROOT RIVER, MONTANA (2013)

The spatial distribution of large woody debris (LWD) within a river channel has a complex, but influential, relationship with channel morphology. This study examines the spatial distribution of LWD, present as both jams and singular logs, and its relationship with the channel morphology of the Bitterroot River in western Montana. Using basic GIS digitising methods, the spatial distribution of LWD was assessed along a ten kilometre stretch of the river, spanning from Victor Crossing in the south to Crystal Lane in the north. The location of LWD was then evaluated in relation to certain channel features, including point bars, meander bends, midchannel bars and the flood plain. The most common area of LWD accumulations was on point bars, with 35% and 28% of jams and logs respectively, occurring here. Jams also commonly occurred on bare parts of islands; however a higher percentage of singular logs were located on the flood plain. Analysis of the size and orientation of LWD showed consistency with previous studies; the dominant orientation of individual logs was parallel to flow direction and larger LWD deposits were more likely to influence channel morphology. Based on the observed primary influence of LWD on flow deflection, sediment storage, pool formation and bank armouring, the secondary processes of stabilisation of planform morphology, meander cutoff and formation of depositional features were inferred.
Generators and electrical systems for direct drive energy conversion (2006)

Electric energy conversion is an important issue in today's society as our daily lives largely depend on the supplies of energy. Two energy sources are studied for conversion in the present thesis, ocean waves and hydropower. The work focuses on the generator and the transmission of its output to the electric grid.Different approaches have been used, over the years, to convert the energy in ocean waves, and the method presently used is based on a point absorber (buoy) directly coupled to a linear generator on the seabed. A varying alternating voltage is induced with such configuration, where both the amplitude and the frequency changes continuously. The target is to connect several units in a farm, and thereby decrease the fluctuations in power production. This is shown to be possible to accomplish with a rectifier connected to each generator. Transmission systems can be designed with converters and transformers to connect the farm to the electric grid onshore. Several aspects of the concept are considered as well as interconnection issues. Analytical calculations verified by finite element simulations and measured data are used to model the behaviour of a linear generator. A series expanded expression for the ideal no-load flux and EMF (electromotive force) is derived, which can be developed into an analytical transmission design tool.Hydropower has been used for more than a century. Today many of the stations from the mid 1900's are up for refurbishment. Studies with finite element calculations show that a higher electric efficiency can be obtained with a high voltage cable wound generator.
Shorter Notices (1991)

Shorter Notices Get access MICHAEL WATTS MICHAEL WATTS University of Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CVI, Issue CCCCXIX, April 1991, Pages 495-b–496, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CVI.CCCCXIX.495-b Published: 01 April 1991
Relevance of human vision to JPEG-DCT compression (1992)

This paper asks how the vision community can contribute to the goal of achieving perceptually lossless image fidelity with maximum compression. In order to maintain a sharp focus the discussion is restricted to the JPEG-DCT image compression standard. The numerous problems that confront vision researchers entering the field of image compression are discussed. Special attention is paid to the connection between the contrast sensitivity function and the JPEG quantization matrix.
Spatial Evolutionary Games of Interaction among Generic Cancer Cells (2003)

Evolutionary game models of cellular interactions have shown that heterogeneity in the cellular genotypic composition is maintained through evolution to stable coexistence of growth‐promoting and non‐promoting cell types. We generalise these mean‐field models and relax the assumption of perfect mixing of cells by instead implementing an individual‐based model that includes the stochastic and spatial effects likely to occur in tumours. The scope for coexistence of genotypic strategies changed with the inclusion of explicit space and stochasticity. The spatial models show some interesting deviations from their mean‐field counterparts, for example the possibility of altruistic (paracrine) cell strategies to thrive. Such effects can however, be highly sensitive to model implementation and the more realistic models with semi‐synchronous and stochastic updating do not show evolution of altruism. We do find some important and consistent differences between the spatial and mean‐field models, in particular that the parameter regime for coexistence of growth‐promoting and nonpromoting cell types is narrowed. For certain parameters in the model a selective collapse of a generic growth promoter occurs, hence the evolutionary dynamics mimics observable in vivo tumour phenomena such as (therapy induced) relapse behaviour. Our modelling approach differs from many of those previously applied in understanding growth of cancerous tumours in that it attempts to account for natural selection at a cellular level. This study thus points a new direction towards more plausible spatial tumour modelling and the understanding of cancerous growth.