gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Substrate on the Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Confined Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanolayers (2010)

Layer multiplying coextrusion was used to create films with hundreds or thousands of alternating layers of two polymers. The constituent polymers were chosen to create a temperature window in which a crystallizable polymer could melt and recrystallize within the glassy confinement of an amorphous polymer. This enabled the study of polymer crystallization behavior under nanoscale confinement. In this article, we examined the crystallization of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) confined by polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate). We used AFM, WAXS, and SAXS to demonstrate that confined PCL nanolayers crystallized as large in-plane lamellae of high aspect ratio. This phenomenon, previously observed only for poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), may be more general to crystalline polymers. We found that the in-plane PCL lamellae were at least as effective as PEO lamellae in reducing the oxygen permeability by more than 2 orders of magnitude. The substrates examined did not affect the crystallization habit of PCL but surprisingly had a large effect on the crystallization kinetics. The results supported the hypothesis that heterogeneous nuclei could diffuse to the interface from the confining polymer during melt processing, thereby substantially increasing the crystallization rate. In the absence of these additional nuclei, the crystallization kinetics was quantitatively described by a model that considered truncation of the growing spherulite. The retardation in crystallization rate over a very large range in layer thicknesses was described by the change in layer thickness only without any change in the linear growth rate. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the model has been quantitatively verified by experiment.
Radiation properties of an integrated optical leaky wave antenna with periodic silicon perturbations (2012)

We propose a highly directive optical leaky wave antenna (OLWA) radiating at 1550 nm composed of a dielectric waveguide comprising periodic silicon (Si) perturbations. The antenna working principle is based on the excitation of a leaky wave guided mode in the perturbed waveguide. Here we study the radiation properties for two sets of perturbation dimensions, and show beam scanning capabilities of the antenna (radiation level and direction) at broadside by varying the free space wavelength. Moreover, the use of Si offers the electronic/optical tunability of its complex refractive index by excess electron-hole carrier density generation via current injection (electronic control) or optical absorption (optical control). Therefore, by changing the Si refractive index we vary the leaky wave attenuation constant and the input impedance of the antenna, which in turn allow for beam control capabilities.
Investigation into the occurrence of newly recognised agents of swine dysentery in Australian pig herds (2015)

Animal Production Science (continuing Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture) publishes original research into applied agriculture including animal production, animal-plant interactions, pasture and fodder crops, field crops, extension and horticulture
Novel Protocol for Generating Physiologic Immunogenic Dendritic Cells (2019)

Extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) is a widely used cancer immunotherapy for cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), operative in over 350 university centers worldwide. While ECP's clinical efficacy and exemplary safety profile have driven its widespread use, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms has remained a challenge, partly owing to lack of a laboratory ECP model. To overcome this obstacle and create a simple, user-friendly platform for ECP research, we developed a scaled-down version of the clinical ECP leukocyte-processing device, suitable for work with both mouse models, and small human blood samples. This device is termed the Transimmunization (TI) chamber, or plate. In a series of landmark experiments, the miniaturized device was used to produce a cellular vaccine that regularly initiated therapeutic anti-cancer immunity in several syngeneic mouse tumor models. By removing individual factors from the experimental system and ascertaining their contribution to the in vivo anti-tumor response, we then elucidated key mechanistic drivers of ECP immunizing potential. Collectively, our results revealed that anti-tumor effects of ECP are initiated by dendritic cells (DC), physiologically generated through blood monocyte interaction with platelets in the TI plate, and loaded with antigens from tumor cells whose apoptotic cell death is finely titrated by exposure to the photoactivatable DNA cross-linking agent 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA light (8-MOPA). When returned to the mouse, this cellular vaccine leads to specific and transferable anti-tumor T cell immunity. We verified that the TI chamber is also suitable for human blood processing, producing human DCs fully comparable in activation state and profile to those derived from the clinical ECP chamber. The protocols presented here are intended for ECP studies in mouse and man, controlled generation of apoptotic tumor cells with 8-MOPA, and rapid production of physiologic human and mouse monocyte-derived DCs for a variety of applications.
A Solution Phase Platform to Characterize Chemical Reaction Compatibility with DNA-Encoded Chemical Library Synthesis (2019)

DNA-encoded chemical library (DECL) synthesis must occur in aqueous media under conditions that preserve the integrity of the DNA encoding tag. While the identification of "DNA-compatible" reaction conditions is critical for the development of DECL designs that explore previously inaccessible chemical space, reports measuring such compatibility have been largely restricted to methods that do not faithfully capture the impact of reaction conditions on DNA fidelity in solution phase. Here we report a comprehensive methodology that uses soluble DNA substrates that exactly recapitulate DNA's exposure to the chemically reactive species of DECL synthesis. This approach includes the assessment of chemical fidelity (reaction yield and purity), encoding fidelity (ligation efficiency), and readability (DNA compatibility), revealing the fate of the DNA tag during DECL chemistry from a single platform.
Ipilimumab-Induced Orbital Inflammation Resembling Graves Disease With Subsequent Development of Systemic Hyperthyroidism From CTLA-4 Receptor Suppression (2014)

The authors have no financial or conflicts of interest to disclose. Correspondence: Gary E. Borodic, M.D, Harvard Medical School, 1261 Furance Brook Parkway, Quincy, MA, U.S.A. ([email protected])
[Exercise 13NH3-positron emission computed tomography (PET) versus exercise single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)]. (1987)

The value of exercise positron emission computed tomography (PET) was determined by comparing it with exercise T1-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using graded ergometer exercise in 10 anginal patients with left anterior descending coronary (LAD) involvement (stenosis greater than or equal to 75%) with or without other coronary stenosis. The distribution of N-13 ammonia or T1-201 was determined and expressed as percent count ot the highest count on the circumferential profile curve (CPC) in the transaxial image. Two standard deviations below the mean counts of six normal hearts for PET and ten for SPECT were considered as the lower limit of normal, and these were determined separately during exercise and at rest. The ischemic areas per total myocardial areas (%C), the accuracy in diagnosing coronary involvement and the identification of coronary branch involvement were determined by CPC analysis in three corresponding slices. Regional analyses revealed that accuracy in diagnosing proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) involvement was higher with PET (9/10) than with SPECT (7/10), but the difference was not statistically significant. The accuracy in diagnosing right coronary or circumflex artery stenosis was 9/10 with PET and 8/10 with SPECT (NS); the %C was significantly higher with PET than with SPECT during exercise (PET: mean +/- SD = 56 +/- 21%, SPECT: 35 +/- 21%, p less than .01) in spite of smaller double products (x10(3] (PET: 18.9 +/- 4.7, SPECT: 23.5 +/- 5.7, p less than .02). Thus, exercise PET was more reliable in evaluating regional ischemia and in semiquantifying the ischemic area in the myocardium.
Visible Light Sensitization by cis-Bis(thiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) of a Transparent Nanocrystalline ZnO Film Prepared by Sol-Gel Techniques (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVisible Light Sensitization by cis-Bis(thiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) of a Transparent Nanocrystalline ZnO Film Prepared by Sol-Gel TechniquesGareth Redmond, Donald Fitzmaurice, and Michael GraetzelCite this: Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 5, 686–691Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00041a020https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00041a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views880Altmetric-Citations188LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nondestructive film thickness measurement using atomic force microscopy at ultrasonic frequencies (2000)

We present a technique in which atomic force microscopy (AFM) at ultrasonic frequencies is used to measure the contact stiffness between an AFM tip and thin films on silicon substrates. In this method, the resonance frequencies of the cantilever flexural modes are used to determine the tip-sample contact stiffness. We present experimental results, showing that the contact stiffness is highly sensitive to the thickness of thin metal and polymer films. These results are compared with those from out theoretical model, which we call the Contact Stiffness Algorithm (CSA), that may be used to calculate the contact stiffness between an AFM tip and an arbitrarily layered sample. Unlike transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on a cross-section of the sample, this film thickness measurement technique is non- destructive. It is also capable of high lateral spatial resolution, provided that a sharp AFM tip is used. We present images of a photoresist film on silicon with contrast resulting from the elastic properties of the sample.
Direct visualization of the interfacial position of colloidal particles and their assemblies (2014)

A method for direct visualization of the position of nanoscale colloidal particles at air-water interfaces is presented. After assembling hard (polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), silica) or soft core-shell gold-hydrogel composite (Au@PNiPAAm) colloids at the air-water interface, butylcyanoacrylate is introduced to the interface via the gas phase. Upon contact with water, an anionic polymerization reaction of the monomer is initiated and a film of poly(butylcyanoacrylate) (PBCA) is generated, entrapping the colloids at their equilibrium position at the interface. We apply this method to investigate the formation of complex, binary assembly structures directly at the interface, to visualize soft, nanoscale hydrogel colloids in the swollen state, and to visualize and quantify the equilibrium position of individual micro- and nanoscale colloids at the air-water interface depending of the amount of charge present on the particle surface. We find that the degree of deprotonation of the carboxyl group shifts the air-water contact angle, which is further confirmed by colloidal probe atomic force microscopy. Remarkably, the contact angles determined for individual colloidal particles feature a significant distribution that greatly exceeds errors attributable to the size distribution of the colloids. This finding underlines the importance of accessing soft matter on an individual particle level.
OC-033 The Tweak And Fn14 Pathway As Potential Mediator Of Liver Fibrosis (2014)

Introduction The TNF superfamily ligand TWEAK and its cognate receptor Fn14 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver disease and have been predominantly associated with liver progenitor cell proliferation and ductular reaction. We hypothesised that TWEAK and Fn14 may also be involved in the establishment and progression of fibrosis via a direct effect on hepatic stellate cell (HSC) function. Methods TWEAK and Fn14 expression was studied by qPCR, western blot and immunostaining in tissue and stromal cells from explanted human liver specimens and normal donor livers surplus to surgical requirements, or as a byproduct of surgical resection. The responses of HSCs to TWEAK were investigated by western blot, live cell imaging and proliferation assays. TWEAK was measured in HSC supernatant by ELISA. Results Confocal microscopy revealed localisation of Fn14 to cells expressing stromal markers in normal human livers, with significant upregulation in diseased livers. Fn14 expression was confirmed in both primary human HSCs and myofibroblasts in vitro . Stimulation with recombinant TWEAK led to an upregulation of NF-kB signalling and induced proliferation in cultured HSCs. TWEAK immunostaining localised the protein to the fibrotic areas of ALD and NASH liver sections suggestive of an autocrine regulation of Fn14 signalling. We confirmed that HSCs express TWEAK and release it into their environment by qPCR and ELISA, and demonstrated that function-blocking TWEAK antibodies reduced the proliferative capacity of HSC. Conclusion Our study suggests that TWEAK/Fn14 promotes liver fibrosis via enhanced proliferation of HSC, possibly through an autocrine mechanism driven by HSC production of TWEAK. Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
Development of Novel Drug Delivery System (DDS) Technologies for Proteomic-Based Drug Development (2004)

With the success of human genome projects, the focus of life science research has shifted to the functional and structural analyses of proteins, such as disease proteomics. These structural and functional analyses of expressed proteins in the cells and/or tissues are expected to contribute to the identification of therapeutically applicable proteins for various diseases. Thus, pharmaco-proteomic based drug development for protein therapies is most noticed currently. However, there is a clinical difficulty to use almost bioactive proteins, because of their very low stability and pleiotropic actions in vivo. To promote pharmaco-proteomic based drug development for protein therapies to various diseases, we have attempted to establish a system for creating functional mutant proteins (muteins) with desired properties, and to develop a site-specific polymer-conjugation system for further improving the therapeutic potency of proteins. In this review, we are introducing our original protein-drug innovation systems mentioned above.
Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Activation of Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells using Boronate Estrone Derivatives (2012)

Mit Bor keine Bindung: Ein Genschalter wurde entwickelt, bei dem die Genexprimierung in Gegenwart von H2O2 aktiviert wird (siehe Schema). Durch den Einsatz eines Estrogens mit Boronsäureester-Schutzgruppe findet eine Genexprimierung über die Bindung an den Estrogenrezeptor erst dann statt, wenn die Schutzgruppe durch Einwirkung von H2O2 entfernt wird. Das System ist ein hoch empfindlicher und spezifischer H2O2-Sensor.
Cost-performance optimization of fine-pitch W2W bonding: functional system partitioning with heterogeneous FEOL/BEOL configurations (2020)

Current Wafer-to-Wafer hybrid bonding process technology allows die stacking with 3D structure pitches in range of 1&mu;m. Independent wafer processing prior to 3D stacking enables heterogeneous CMOS process integration, where each wafer FEOL, BEOL can be optimized for a given functionality to trade-off system performance and cost. Typical functional system partitioning aims the split of the system memory from the logic. While 3D structures with coarser pitches (e.g. micro-bumps) are already used to split the last-level cache (LLC) from the rest of the system (e.g. HBMs), finer 3D structures can be used to split lower and intermediate cache memory layers (L2, L1) from the core logic. System performance gets better since delay and cache latency can be reduced. Also the system cost can be reduced, since only the core layer is now built using the most expensive CMOS process. In this article we quantify the system-level post place and route performance and area benefits of Memory-on-Logic applications using advanced CMOS processes (&lt; 10nm) for various BEOL configuration options, i.e. the number and geometrical properties of different metal layers used in the BEOL stack.
Epitope Location in the Cryptococcus neoformans Capsule Is a Determinant of Antibody Efficacy (1997)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans can prolong survival in mice. However, the properties of antibodies that mediate protection are not fully understood. The IgM mAbs 12A1 and 13F1 originated from the same B cell and differ only by somatic mutations in their variable regions; yet mAb 12A1 protects against serotype D infection, while mAb 13F1 does not. Phage peptide display libraries were used to analyze the fine specificity of these two mAbs. The selection of distinct peptide motifs from identical libraries confirmed that mAbs 12A1 and 13F1 bound to two distinct epitopes. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy studies revealed differences in antibody localization within the capsule of serotype D strain; mAb 12A1 bound to the outer rim of the capsule resulting in an annular pattern, whereas mAb 13F1 bound throughout the capsule and had a punctate appearance. The difference in the binding pattern of mAb 12A1 and 13F1 was not observed on serotype A organisms, where both mAbs bound to the capsule with an annular fluorescence pattern. The fluorescence pattern of binding correlated with protective efficacy; mAb 13F1 prolonged survival of mice infected with the J11 serotype A strain (annular fluorescence), but not serotype D strains (punctate pattern). Annular binding, but not punctate binding, was associated with increased opsonic efficacy for phagocytosis of C. neoformans by J774.16 macrophage-like cells. The correlation between capsular binding pattern, opsonic activity, and ability to prolong survival suggests that the efficacy of anticryptococcal antibodies is dependent upon where they bind in the polysaccharide capsule.
Ultra-wideband antenna arrays: systems with transfer function and impulse response (2014)

International audience
Generation of an MHC class II-restricted T cell epitope by extracellular processing of hepatitis delta antigen. (1998)

Hepatitis delta virus is a human pathogen that is responsible for a severe form of hepatitis affecting hepatitis B envelope Ag carriers. We have previously identified a series of hepatitis delta Ag (HDAg) epitopes that are recognized by CD4+ T cell clones isolated from infected subjects. Herein, we show that the presentation of soluble HDAg to CD4+ T cell clones that are specific for the HDAg(106-121) epitope was exceptionally unaffected by the inhibition of the APC-processing machinery when APCs were fixed with glutaraldehyde before Ag pulsing or treated with chloroquine or brefeldin A. Interestingly, 5 h of pulsing was strictly required for the efficient presentation of the HDAg(106-21) epitope by fixed APCs, suggesting that some form of extracellular processing had occurred. Indeed, fixed APCs were able to present HDAg after only 1 h of pulsing when HDAg was preincubated with serum for 5 h. More important, presentation was completely abrogated when Ag was previously incubated in medium containing serum in the presence of a potent inhibitor of trypsin activity such as the secretory leukoprotease inhibitor. These results show that HDAg may undergo extracellular processing and suggest that the generation of immunogenic epitopes directly by serum proteases could play a role in the immune response against hepatitis delta virus during infection.
LEOPARD syndrome-associated SHP2 mutation confers leanness and protection from diet-induced obesity (2014)

LEOPARD syndrome (multiple Lentigines, Electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities, Ocular hypertelorism, Pulmonary stenosis, Abnormal genitalia, Retardation of growth, sensorineural Deafness; LS), also called Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML), is a rare autosomal dominant disorder associating various developmental defects, notably cardiopathies, dysmorphism, and short stature. It is mainly caused by mutations of the PTPN11 gene that catalytically inactivate the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (Src-homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2). Besides its pleiotropic roles during development, SHP2 plays key functions in energetic metabolism regulation. However, the metabolic outcomes of LS mutations have never been examined. Therefore, we performed an extensive metabolic exploration of an original LS mouse model, expressing the T468M mutation of SHP2, frequently borne by LS patients. Our results reveal that, besides expected symptoms, LS animals display a strong reduction of adiposity and resistance to diet-induced obesity, associated with overall better metabolic profile. We provide evidence that LS mutant expression impairs adipogenesis, triggers energy expenditure, and enhances insulin signaling, three features that can contribute to the lean phenotype of LS mice. Interestingly, chronic treatment of LS mice with low doses of MEK inhibitor, but not rapamycin, resulted in weight and adiposity gains. Importantly, preliminary data in a French cohort of LS patients suggests that most of them have lower-than-average body mass index, associated, for tested patients, with reduced adiposity. Altogether, these findings unravel previously unidentified characteristics for LS, which could represent a metabolic benefit for patients, but may also participate to the development or worsening of some traits of the disease. Beyond LS, they also highlight a protective role of SHP2 global LS-mimicking modulation toward the development of obesity and associated disorders.
Accurate Irritation-Free 3D Scanning of Human Face and Body Sequences (2016)

Two new 3D scanning setups for the fast acquisition of sequences of moving persons based on nearinfrared structured light projection are introduced. Both systems consist of a pair of stereo cameras and a projection unit and are working in the near-infrared range (illumination wavelength is over 780 nm) which is absolutely irritation-free for the observed person. The first system is based on the socalled GOBO projector and the second system uses a multi-aperture-projection unit consisting of ten projecting components. Measurements of 3D sequences of moving persons and examples of changing facial expressions are given in order to show the power of the setups. The results obtained by the use of the different projection systems are compared concerning measurement accuracy and robustness.