gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic immune changes accompany combination treatment with immunotoxin LMB‐100 and nab‐paclitaxel (2022)

LMB-100 is a novel immune-conjugate (immunotoxin) that targets mesothelin. A phase 1/2 clinical trial was conducted (NCT02810418) with primary objectives assessing the safety and efficacy of LMB-100 ± nab-paclitaxel. Participant blood samples were analyzed for changes in serum cytokines and circulating immune cell subsets associated with response or toxicity. On Arm A, participants (n = 20) received standard 30-minute LMB-100 infusion with nab-paclitaxel. Although clinical efficacy was observed, the combination caused intolerable capillary leak syndrome (CLS), a major toxicity of unclear etiology that affects many immunotoxin drugs. Participants developing CLS experienced rapid elevations in IFNγ and IL-8 compared to those without significant CLS, along with midcycle increases in Ki-67- CD4 T cells that were CD38, HLA-DR, or TIM3 positive. Additionally, a strong increase in activated CD4 and CD8 T cells and a concurrent decrease in Tregs were seen in the single Arm A patient achieving a partial response. In Arm B, administration of single agent LMB-100 to participants (n = 20) as a long infusion given over 24-48 h was investigated based on pre-clinical data that this format could reduce CLS. An optimal dose and schedule of long infusion LMB-100 were identified, but no clinical efficacy was observed even in patients receiving LMB-100 in combination with nab-paclitaxel. Despite this, both Arm A and B participants experienced increases in specific subsets of proliferating CD4 and CD8 T cells following Cycle 1 treatment. In summary, LMB-100 treatment causes systemic immune activation. Inflammatory and immune changes that accompany drug associated CLS were characterized for the first time.
Smart ultrasound device for real-time myocardial stiffness quantification of the human heart (2021)

International audience
Two Different mRNAs Are Transcribed from a Single Genomic Locus Encoding the Chicken Erythrocyte Anion Transport Proteins (band 3) (1988)

The chicken erythrocyte anion transport protein (band 3 of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton) is a central component taking part in two widely divergent functions of erythroid cells; it is a primary determinant of cytoskeletal architecture and responsible for electroneutral Cl-/HCO3- exchange across the plasma membrane. To analyze interesting aspects of the developmental regulation of this gene, we have cloned the cDNA and genomic counterparts of the erythroid-specific anion transport protein. We show that a single genetic locus for band 3 encodes two different erythroid cell-specific mRNAs, with different translational initiation sites, which predict polypeptides of sizes very close to those observed in vivo. In vitro translation and immune precipitation of synthetic mRNA derived from one putative fully encoding cDNA clone demonstrate that this clone gives rise to a protein which is identical in size and antigenicity to bona fide chicken erythroid band 3.
Extended type‐1 chain glycosphingolipid antigens (1992)

A Lewis-b-active glycosphingolipid containing a repetitive type-1 chain carbohydrate core was isolated from human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line Colo205. This glycosphingolipid was purified by HPLC and preparative high-performance thin-layer chromatography and its structure elucidated by positive-ion fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry with collision-induced disassociation, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis. The glycosphingolipid was found to be a trifucosylated derivative of this novel carbohydrate core, having the following structure: [formula; see text].
Über die Wirkstoffe des Baldrians (1984)

(13)C-NMR shifts of valepotriathydrines show a characteristic dependence on type and position of the acyloxy substituents. The structures of well known and of new valepotriathydrines have been clarified.
Single-Wafer Wet Chemical Oxide Formation for Pre-ALD High-k Deposition on 300 mm Wafer (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Spatial Relation Graph and Graph Convolutional Network for Object Goal Navigation (2022)

This paper describes a framework for the object-goal navigation task, which requires a robot to find and move to the closest instance of a target object class from a random starting position. The framework uses a history of robot trajectories to learn a Spatial Relational Graph (SRG) and Graph Convolutional Network (GCN)-based embeddings for the likelihood of proximity of different semantically-labeled regions and the occurrence of different object classes in these regions. To locate a target object instance during evaluation, the robot uses Bayesian inference and the SRG to estimate the visible regions, and uses the learned GCN embeddings to rank visible regions and select the region to explore next.
1,3-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (2001)

[538-75-0] C13H22N2 (MW 206.33) InChI = 1/C13H22N2/c1-3-7-12(8-4-1)14-11-15-13-9-5-2-6-10-13/h12-13H,1-10H2 InChIKey = QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYAO (powerful dehydrating agent commonly used for the preparation of amides,2 esters,3 and anhydrides;4 used with DMSO for the mild oxidation of alcohols to ketones;5 used in the dehydrative conversion of primary amides to nitriles,6 β-hydroxy ketones to α,β-unsaturated ketones,7 and can effect the stereochemical inversion of secondary alcohols8) Alternate Name: DCC. Physical Data: mp 34–35 °C; bp 122–124 °C. Solubility: highly sol dichloromethane, THF, acetonitrile, DMF. Form Supplied in: opalescent solid; widely available. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: is an acute skin irritant in susceptible individuals. Because of its low melting point, it is conveniently handled as a liquid by gentle warming of the reagent container. It should be handled with gloves in a fume hood, and stored under anhydrous conditions.
Intrachain Ferromagnetic Spin Alignment in π-Conjugated Polyradicals with a Poly(phenylenevinylene) Chain (1996)

Poly(phenylenevinylene) was selected as a linear polymer-type magnetic coupler in polyradicals, because of its developed π-conjugation and solvent-solubility even after substitution on the phenylene ring. An intrachain and through-bond ferromagnetic interaction between the side-chain built-in radical groups was described for the chemically stable poly[4-(3',5'-di-tert-butylphenoxy)-l,2-phenylenevinylene]. Effects of radical (spin) defects and molecular weight of the polyradical were discussed.
Phonon Polariton Reflectance Spectra In a Silicon Carbide Membrane Hole Array (2007)

We report on the experimental observation of the effect of periodic hole arrays in the infrared reflection spectra of suspended polycrystalline silicon carbide (poly-SiC) membranes. The poly-SiC was deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD), patterned with contact photolithography, and etched by reactive ion etching (RIE). The spectra are shown to be strongly dependent on the pitch and aperture size of the hole arrays, indicating poly-SiC has promise as a mid-IR optical material.
Crystal structure of Spot 14, a modulator of fatty acid synthesis (2010)

Spot 14 (S14) is a protein that is abundantly expressed in lipogenic tissues and is regulated in a manner similar to other enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis. Deletion of S14 in mice decreased lipid synthesis in lactating mammary tissue, but the mechanism of S14's action is unknown. Here we present the crystal structure of S14 to 2.65 Å and biochemical data showing that S14 can form heterodimers with MIG12. MIG12 modulates fatty acid synthesis by inducing the polymerization and activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the first committed enzymatic reaction in the fatty acid synthesis pathway. Coexpression of S14 and MIG12 leads to heterodimers and reduced acetyl-CoA carboxylase polymerization and activity. The structure of S14 suggests a mechanism whereby heterodimer formation with MIG12 attenuates the ability of MIG12 to activate ACC.
Novel BAC Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease with 225 CAG Repeats Exhibits an Early Widespread and Stable Degenerative Phenotype (2015)

The HD phenotypes present in animals 3 to 12 months of age make the BAC-225Q mice a unique and stable model of full-length mutant Htt associated phenotypes, including body weight loss, behavioral impairment and HD-like neurodegenerative phenotypes characteristic of juvenile-onset HD and/or late-stage adult-onset HD.
Very low temperature (250 °C) epitaxial growth of silicon by glow discharge of silane (1987)

Epitaxial growth of phosphorus-doped silicon deposited at 250 °C from a radio-frequency glow discharge from SiH4 is demonstrated by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and spreading resistance profile measurements. Thin epitaxial films are present at the interface between (100) Si substrates and hydrogenated amorphous silicon. After recrystallization at 700 °C, single-crystal layers are obtained, in which HREM reveals extensive twinning. The fact that epitaxial growth can take place at 250 °C in a system with a background pressure of only 5×10−6 mbar can be attributed to the presence of species in the SiH4 plasma that reduce the native oxide and the use of HF in the cleaning procedure.
Structural Anisotropy in Stretchable Silicon (2019)

Abstract Patterned planar silicon (Si) semiconductor structures able to conform around 3D surfaces are promising candidates for wearable devices from solar cells to displays. Despite the known anisotropic material properties of crystalline semiconductors, prior evaluations have assumed isotropic stretchable mechanical behavior. The effect of structural anisotropy on the mechanical stretching behavior of {100} single crystalline Si planes is demonstrated through models and experiments. 3D finite element analysis results show serpentines fabricated and strained loaded on the dense {111} family of planes will have maximum von Mises peak stresses that are 20% higher than those fabricated in the &lt;100&gt; direction on the {100} family of planes. A fabrication process is presented to release in‐plane Si serpentine test structures from (100) silicon‐on‐insulator wafers aligned parallel to the &lt;110&gt; and &lt;100&gt; crystallographic orientations. The released test structures can accommodate strains to 84%. Raman spectroscopy is used to characterize anisotropic effects on the internal stresses of Si serpentines. Raman measurements confirm two different maximum stress locations on &lt;110&gt; and &lt;100&gt; Si serpentines, resulting in two different break locations. All results show anisotropy plays a critical role in the mechanical behavior of stretchable Si serpentines and must be considered during design of stretchable semiconductor structures.
cdc2-like kinase from rat spinal cord specifically phosphorylates KSPXK motifs in neurofilament proteins: isolation and characterization. (1993)

A protein kinase that phosphorylates a specific KSP sequence [K(S/T)PXK], which is abundant in high molecular weight neurofilament (NF) proteins, was identified and isolated from rat spinal cord. Characterization of this enzyme activity revealed a close relationship with p34cdc2 kinase with respect to its molecular mass (32.5 kDa by SDS/PAGE) and substrate specificities. It could phosphorylate a synthetic peptide analog of the simian virus 40 large tumor antigen, reportedly a specific substrate for p34cdc2 kinase. Histone (H1) and peptide analogs of the KSP sequence present in the C-terminal end of rat and mouse neurofilament proteins were phosphorylated. This kinase did not phosphorylate alpha-casein and peptide substrates of other known second messenger-dependent or -independent kinases. Dephosphorylated rat NF protein NF-H was strongly phosphorylated by the purified enzyme; NF proteins NF-M and native NF-H, but not NF-L, were slightly phosphorylated. Studies on synthetic peptide analogs of KSP repeats with substitution of specific residues, known to be present in the C-terminal regions of NF-H, revealed a consensus sequence of X(S/T)PXK, characteristic of the p34cdc2 kinase substrate. On Western blots, the enzyme was immunoreactive with antibody against the C-terminal end of cdc2 kinase (mouse) and neuronal cdc2-like kinase from rat but not with an antibody against the conserved PSTAIRE region of the p34cdc2 kinase. The antibody against the C-terminal end of cdc2 kinase could immunoprecipitate (immunodeplete) the purified kinase activity. Since the adult nervous system is composed primarily of postmitotic cells, the present observations indicate a nonmitotic role for this cdc2-like kinase activity. The effective phosphorylation of NF-H by this kinase suggests a function in axonal structure.
Efficacy of subcutaneous doses and a new oral amorphous solid dispersion formulation of flubendazole on male jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) infected with the filarial nematode Brugia pahangi (2019)

River blindness and lymphatic filariasis are two filarial diseases that globally affect millions of people mostly in impoverished countries. Current mass drug administration programs rely on drugs that primarily target the microfilariae, which are released from adult female worms. The female worms can live for several years, releasing millions of microfilariae throughout the course of infection. Thus, to stop transmission of infection and shorten the time to elimination of these diseases, a safe and effective drug that kills the adult stage is needed. The benzimidazole anthelmintic flubendazole (FBZ) is 100% efficacious as a macrofilaricide in experimental filarial rodent models but it must be administered subcutaneously (SC) due to its low oral bioavailability. Studies were undertaken to assess the efficacy of a new oral amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulation of FBZ on Brugia pahangi infected jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) and compare it to a single or multiple doses of FBZ given subcutaneously. Results showed that worm burden was not significantly decreased in animals given oral doses of ASD FBZ (0.2-15 mg/kg). Regardless, doses as low as 1.5 mg/kg caused extensive ultrastructural damage to developing embryos and microfilariae (mf). SC injections of FBZ in suspension (10 mg/kg) given for 5 days however, eliminated all worms in all animals, and a single SC injection reduced worm burden by 63% compared to the control group. In summary, oral doses of ASD formulated FBZ did not significantly reduce total worm burden but longer treatments, extended takedown times or a second dosing regimen, may decrease female fecundity and the number of mf shed by female worms.
Towards Accountable AI: Hybrid Human-Machine Analyses for Characterizing\n System Failure (2018)

As machine learning systems move from computer-science laboratories into the\nopen world, their accountability becomes a high priority problem.\nAccountability requires deep understanding of system behavior and its failures.\nCurrent evaluation methods such as single-score error metrics and confusion\nmatrices provide aggregate views of system performance that hide important\nshortcomings. Understanding details about failures is important for identifying\npathways for refinement, communicating the reliability of systems in different\nsettings, and for specifying appropriate human oversight and engagement.\nCharacterization of failures and shortcomings is particularly complex for\nsystems composed of multiple machine learned components. For such systems,\nexisting evaluation methods have limited expressiveness in describing and\nexplaining the relationship among input content, the internal states of system\ncomponents, and final output quality. We present Pandora, a set of hybrid\nhuman-machine methods and tools for describing and explaining system failures.\nPandora leverages both human and system-generated observations to summarize\nconditions of system malfunction with respect to the input content and system\narchitecture. We share results of a case study with a machine learning pipeline\nfor image captioning that show how detailed performance views can be beneficial\nfor analysis and debugging.\n
Lignin nanoparticles as vehicles for transport and active release of hydrophobic actives (2018)

Spherical lignin particles offer a versatile platform for the development of advanced materials based on renewable resources. When their production can be coupled to simple protocols such as sonochemistry or innocuous solvent-antisolvent protocols, they become suitable tools for a wide range of biomedical and cosmetic applictions. Here, we describe generation of lignin nanoparticles in a flexible approach that additionally allows for the incorporation of actives. For such applications, another prerequisite is to use lignins with high purity, well-suited organoleptic quality, and biocompatibility. Following these criteria, a novel type of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) was developed in a solvent-antisolvent approach. Their structural stability profile was investigated, as well as their ability to carry highly hydrophobic actives and release them in a pH-dependent manner. The application of antioxidative lignin particles as carriers for anti-inflammatory drugs is also expected to offer synergistic effects in vivo. Extensive insights into the growth mechanism are presented, that allows fine-tuning for specific applications, and the development of a general formation strategy. Characteristics of the LNPs generated by the the solvent-antisolvent approach are compared to those obtained by using sonochemistry.
Adversarial Linear Contextual Bandits with Graph-Structured Side Observations (2021)

This paper studies the adversarial graphical contextual bandits, a variant of adversarial multi-armed bandits that leverage two categories of the most common side information: contexts and side observations. In this setting, a learning agent repeatedly chooses from a set of K actions after being presented with a d-dimensional context vector. The agent not only incurs and observes the loss of the chosen action, but also observes the losses of its neighboring actions in the observation structures, which are encoded as a series of feedback graphs. This setting models a variety of applications in social networks, where both contexts and graph-structured side observations are available. Two efficient algorithms are developed based on EXP3. Under mild conditions, our analysis shows that for undirected feedback graphs the first algorithm, EXP3-LGC-U, achieves a sub-linear regret with respect to the time horizon and the average independence number of the feedback graphs. A slightly weaker result is presented for the directed graph setting as well. The second algorithm, EXP3-LGC-IX, is developed for a special class of problems, for which the regret is the same for both directed as well as undirected feedback graphs. Numerical tests corroborate the efficiency of proposed algorithms.
Hyperammonemia alters glycinergic neurotransmission and modulation of the glutamate‐nitric oxide‐cGMPpathway by extracellular glycine in cerebellumin vivo (2016)

The glutamate-nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP pathway modulates some forms of learning. How glycine modulates this pathway is unclear. Glycine could modulate the pathway biphasically, enhancing its function through NMDA receptor activation or reducing it through glycine receptor activation. Chronic hyperammonemia impairs the glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway in the cerebellum and induces cognitive impairment. The possible alterations in hyperammonemia of glycinergic neurotransmission and of glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway modulation by glycine remain unknown. The aims were to assess, by in vivo microdialysis in cerebellum: (i) the effects of different glycine concentrations, administered through the microdialysis probe, on the glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway function; (ii) the effects of tonic glycine receptors activation on the pathway function, by blocking them with strychnine; (iii) whether hyperammonemia alters the pathway modulation by glycine; (iv) and whether hyperammonemia alters extracellular glycine concentration and/or glycine receptor membrane expression. In control rats, low glycine levels reduce the pathway function, likely by activating glycine receptors, while 20 μM glycine enhances the pathway function, likely by enhancing NMDA receptor activation. In hyperammonemic rats, glycine did not reduce the pathway function, but enhanced it when administered at 1-20 μM. Hyperammonemia reduces extracellular glycine concentration by approximately 50% and glycine receptor membrane expression. However, tonic glycine receptor activation seems to be enhanced in hyperammonemic rats, as indicated by the larger increase in extracellular cGMP induced by strychnine. These data show that glycine modulates the glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway biphasically and that hyperammonemia strongly alters glycinergic neurotransmission and modulation by glycine of the glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway. These alterations may contribute to the cerebellar aspects of cognitive alterations in hyperammonemia. The findings reported in this study show that hyperammonemia alters glycinergic neurotransmission and the glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway modulation by glycine. In control rats, low glycine levels reduced the pathway function, likely by activating glycine receptors, while 20 μM glycine enhanced the pathway, likely by enhancing NMDA receptor activation. In hyperammonemic rats, glycine (administered at 1-20 μM) enhances the pathway, likely by activating NMDA receptors.
Fully Three-Dimensional Helical RF Field Effects on TWT Interaction (2000)

The phenomenal growth of the satellite communications industry has created a large demand for traveling wave-tubes (TWTs) operating with unprecedented specifications requiring design and production of many novel devices in record time. To achieve this, the TWT industry heavily relies upon computational modeling. However, there is a need for improvement in the TWT industry's computational modeling capabilities as there are often discrepancies between measured TWT data and that predicted by conventional two-dimensional helical TWT interaction codes. This severely limits the analysis and design of novel devices or TWTs with parameters differing from what is conventionally manufactured. In addition, the inaccuracy of current computational tools limits achievable TWT performance because optimized designs require highly accurate models. In particular, collector efficiency, which significantly affects overall TWT efficiency, is difficult to optimize unless extremely accurate spent beam data is predicted by the interaction code.