gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 4.6W/mm2 power density 86% efficiency on-chip switched capacitor DC-DC converter in 32 nm SOI CMOS (2013)

The future trends in microprocessor supply current requirements represent a bottleneck for next generation high-performance microprocessors since the number of supply pins will constitute an increasingly larger fraction of the total number of package pins available. This leaves few pins available for signaling. On-chip power conversion is a means to overcome this limitation by increasing the input voltage - thereby reducing the input current - and performing the final power conversion on the chip itself. This paper details the design and implementation of on-chip switched capacitor converters in deep submicron technologies. High capacitance density deep trench capacitors with a low parasitic bottom plate capacitor ratio available in the technology facilitate high power density and efficiency in on-chip switched capacitor converter implementations. The measured performance of a 2 : 1 voltage conversion ratio on-chip switched capacitor converter implemented in 32nm SOI CMOS technology with 1.8V input voltage results in a power density of 4.6W/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 86% efficiency when operated at a switching frequency of 100MHz.
In vivo transfer of antisense oligonucleotide against urinary kininase blunts deoxycorticosterone acetate‐salt hypertension in rats (2000)

We have previously reported that the renal kallikrein-kinin system suppressed the development of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension. Kinins were degraded in the kidney mainly by carboxypeptidase Y (CPY)-like kininase. Blockade of renal kinin degradation may reduce hypertension in the developmental stage. We constructed an antisense oligonucleotide against rat CPY homologue (5'-CAT-CTC-TGC-TTC-CTT-GTG-TC-3', AS) and its randomized control oligonucleotide (5'-TCC-TTC-CTG-CTT-GAG-TTC-CT-3', RC), and prepared an HVJ-liposome complex that prolongs and increases the effectiveness of the antisense oligonucleotide. Antisense oligonucleotide was transfected (25 nmole rat(-1), in terms of nucleotide) into the kidney from the renal artery. Blood pressure was measured through a catheter inserted into the abdominal aorta. Mean blood pressure (MBP) in DOCA-salt treated (for 2 weeks) Sprague Dawley strain rats was 130+/-3 mmHg (n=11), and was reduced significantly (P<0.05) more by AS transfection (122+/-4 mmHg, n=6) than by RC treatment (137+/-6 mmHg, n=5) 4 days after the transfection. This reduction in MBP was accompanied by increased urinary sodium excretion (AS, 8.4+/-1.5 mmole day(-1); RC, 4.6+/-0.5 mmole day(-1), P<0.05) and a reduction in urinary CPY-like kininase activity. Ebelactone B (5 mg kg(-1), twice a day, p.o.), an inhibitor for urinary CPY-like kininase, also reduced MBP and induced natriuresis to the same degree as AS. Lisinopril, an inhibitor for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) failed to reduce the elevated MBP. These results suggest that CPY-like kininase may have more contribution than ACE to degrade kinin in the kidney, and that knockdown of CPY-like kininase in the kidney may partly prevent rat DOCA-salt hypertension.
Extrusion of defatted soy flour-hydrocolloid mixtures (1983)

Abstract Defatted soy flour containing low levels of added hydrocolloid (either sodium alginate or methylcellulose) was thermoextruded in a laboratory single-screw extruder, and the effect of operating parameters on selected textural properties (maximum peak force, determined in an Ottawa Measuring (OTMS) cell, and chewiness) and physical properties (bulk density and water absorption capacity) were studied. Adding sodium alginate generally increased OTMS peak force, chewiness and water absorption capacity and increased bulk density. Extruding at a feed moisture content of 22% w/w resulted in the best properties, regardless of the levels of other independent variables. Maximum force and chewiness were positively correlated while bulk density and water absorption capacity were negatively correlated to each other.
Reduction of dimensionality in radical decay kinetics induced by micellar systems (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of dimensionality in radical decay kinetics induced by micellar systemsA. J. Frank, M. Graetzel, and John J. KozakCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 11, 3317–3321Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00427a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00427a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interactive Poster: Exploring OLAP Aggregates with Hierarchical Visualization Techniques (2006)

Analysts interact with data cubes in a predominantly drill-down fashion, i.e. from coarse grained aggregates towards the desired level of detail. Hierarchical visualization techniques offer an adequate structure for mapping the logic of the exploration due to preserving the overview of the entire interaction and providing the details of every drill-down step. We present a novel user interface for exploring complex multidimensional data in an OLAP (online analytical processing) environment. Users navigate in dimensional hierarchies via a schema-based data browser. Query results are presented in form of enhanced decomposition trees. We propose multiple tree layouts and embedded visualization techniques optimized to satisfy various criteria.
Millisecond Kinetics of Nanocrystal Cation Exchange Using Microfluidic X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy† (2007)

We describe the use of a flow-focusing microfluidic reactor to measure the kinetics of the CdSe-to-Ag&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Se\nnanocrystal cation exchange reaction using micro-X-ray absorption spectroscopy (μXAS). The small\nmicroreactor dimensions facilitate the millisecond mixing of CdSe nanocrystals and Ag&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; reactant solutions,\nand the transposition of the reaction time onto spatial coordinates enables the in situ observation of the\nmillisecond reaction using μXAS. Selenium K-edge absorption spectra show the progression of CdSe\nnanocrystals to Ag&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Se over the course of 100 ms without the presence of long-lived intermediates. These\nresults, along with supporting stopped-flow absorption experiments, suggest that this nanocrystal cation\nexchange reaction is highly efficient and provide insight into how the reaction progresses in individual particles.\nThis experiment illustrates the value and potential of in situ microfluidic X-ray synchrotron techniques for\ndetailed studies of the millisecond structural transformations of nanoparticles and other solution-phase reactions\nin which diffusive mixing initiates changes in local bond structures or oxidation states.
Short- and Long-Term Effects of a Dentifrice Containing Dual Zinc plus Arginine on Intra-Oral Halitosis: Improvements in Breath Quality. (2018)

Improvements in breath quality were attributed to the effects of zinc cations delivered by the uniquely formulated dentifrice.
CO Sensor Having Two Zr-Doped CeO[sub 2] Films with and Without Catalyst Layer (2007)

We propose a CO sensor having porous zirconium-doped cerium oxide thick films and a catalyst layer, and investigate response properties to CO, , and . The resistance of the films and the output signal of the sensor changes when the atmosphere changes from air to air with CO or more. The 90% response time of thick film without a catalyst layer to CO is determined to be . The proposed CO sensor has a potential to respond very quickly. The sensor shows no response to a change in oxygen concentration.
Beta-nerve growth factor stimulates spontaneous electrical activity of in vitro embryonic mouse GnRH neurons through a P75 mediated-mechanism (2020)

The control of ovulation helps guarantee the success of reproduction and as such, contributes to the fitness of a species. In mammals, two types of ovulation are observed: induced and spontaneous ovulation. Recent work on camelids, that are induced ovulators, highlighted the role of a factor present in seminal plasma, beta Nerve Growth Factor (β-NGF), as the factor that triggers ovulation in a GnRH dependent manner. In the present work, we characterized alpaca β-NGF (aβ-NGF) and its 3D structure and compared it with human recombinant β-NGF (hβ-NGF). We showed that the β-NGF enriched fraction of alpaca semen and the human recombinant protein, both stimulated spontaneous electrical activity of primary GnRH neurons derived from mouse embryonic olfactory placodes. This effect was dose-dependent and mediated by p75 receptor signaling. P75 receptors were found expressed in vitro by olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) in close association with GnRH neurons and in vivo by tanycytes in close vicinity to GnRH fibers in adult mouse. Altogether, these results suggested that β-NGF induced ovulation through an increase in GnRH secretion provoked by a glial dependent P75 mediated mechanism.
A molecular dynamics investigation of fluorocarbon based layer-by-layer etching of silicon and SiO2 (2007)

A molecular dynamics model is used to understand the layer-by-layer etching of Si and SiO2 using fluorocarbon and Ar+ ions. In these two-step etch processes, a nanometer-scale fluorocarbon passivation layer is grown on the material’s surface using low energy CFx+ ions or radicals. The top layers of the material are then reactive ion etched by Ar+ ions utilizing the fluorocarbon already present on the material surface. By repeating these two steps, Si or SiO2 can be etched with nanometer-scale precision and the etch rate is considerably faster than what traditional atomic layer etching techniques provide. The modeling results show that fluorocarbon passivation films can be grown in a self-limiting manner on both Si and SiO2 using low energy CF2+ and CF3+ ions. The fluorocarbon passivation layer is a few angstroms thick, and its thickness increases with the fluorocarbon ion’s energy. Increasing the ion energy, however, amorphizes the top atomic layers of the material. In addition, the fluorocarbon film becomes F rich with increasing ion energy. Simulations of fluorocarbon passivated SiO2 surface show that Ar+ ions with energy below 50eV etch Si (within SiO2) in a self-limiting manner. Si etching stops once F in the fluorocarbon passivation layer is exhausted or is pushed too deep into the substrate. Oxygen within SiO2 is more easily sputtered from the material surface than Si, and the top layers of SiO2 are expected to become O deficient during Ar+ ion bombardment. Ar+ ion etching of fluorocarbon passivated Si also appears to be self-limiting below 30eV ion energy, and etching stops once F on the material surface is either consumed or becomes inaccessible.
An update of recent moclobemide interaction data (1993)

The classical monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are believed to have serious risks because of interactions with other drugs and foodstuffs, although not with a sound scientific basis in all cases. However, moclobemide, a selective reversible inhibitor of MAO-A, has a low propensity for producing drug interactions. Interaction studies have been carried out in healthy volunteers in an attempt to answer some relevant practical questions related to therapy with moclobemide. In combination with therapeutic doses of either fluvoxamine or fluoxetine, moclobemide did not provide any indication of a serotoninergic syndrome, so that no wash-out period is needed when switching from a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor to moclobemide or vice versa. Since concomitant treatment with moclobemide and selegiline had a supra-additive effect on the sensitivity to intravenously administered tyramine, that combination therapy should only be considered when accompanied by dietary restrictions. Concomitant treatment with moclobemide and levodopa/benserazide, however, was well tolerated. When oral ephedrine was added to steady-state moclobemide treatment, the cardiovascular effects of the former were increased to about the same extent as for oral tyramine, i.e. a potentiation of 2-4.
Platelet and Red Blood Cell Transfusions and Risk of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease after Myeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (2021)

Transfusion therapy is a critical part of supportive care early after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Platelet and RBC transfusions elicit immunomodulatory effects in the recipient, but if this impacts the risk of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) has only been scarcely investigated. We investigated if platelet and RBC transfusions were associated with the development of aGVHD following myeloablative allo-HCT in a cohort of 664 patients who underwent transplantation between 2000 and 2019. Data were further analyzed for the impact of blood donor age and sex and blood product storage time. Exploratory analyses were conducted to assess correlations between transfusion burden and plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial activation and damage. Between day 0 and day +13, each patient received a median of 7 (IQR, 5 to 10) platelet transfusions and 3 (IQR, 2 to 6) RBC transfusions (Spearman's ρ = 0.49). The cumulative sums of platelet and RBC transfusions, respectively, received from day 0 to day +13 were associated with subsequent grade II-IV aGVHD in multivariable landmark Cox models (platelets: adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.51; RBCs: adjusted HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.82; both per 5 units; 184 events). For both platelet and RBC transfusions, we did not find support for a difference in the risk of aGVHD according to age or sex of the blood donor. Transfusion of RBCs with a storage time longer than the median of 8 days was inversely associated with aGVHD (HR per 5 units, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.96); however, when using an RBC storage time of ≥14 days as a cutoff, there was no longer evidence for an association with aGVHD (HR, 1.03 per 5 units; 95% CI, 0.53 to 2.00). For platelets, there was no clear association between storage time and the risk of aGVHD. The transfusion burdens of platelets and RBCs were positively correlated with plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and soluble thrombomodulin at day +14. In conclusion, platelet and RBC transfusions in the first 2 weeks after myeloablative allo-HCT were associated with subsequent development of grade II-IV aGVHD. We did not find evidence of an impact of blood donor age or sex or blood product storage time on the risk of aGVHD. Our findings support restrictive transfusion strategies in allo-HCT recipients.
Accuracy and precision of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry for body composition measurements in rhesus monkeys* (2001)

Accuracy of body composition measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was compared with direct chemical analysis in 10 adult rhesus monkeys. DXA was highly correlated (r-values > 0.95) with direct analyses of body fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM) and lumbar spine bone mineral content (BMC). DXA measurements of total body BMC were not as strongly correlated (r-value = 0.58) with total carcass ash content. DXA measurements of body FM, LM and lumbar spine BMC were not different from data obtained by direct analyses (P-values > 0.30). In contrast, DXA determinations of total BMC (TBMC) averaged 15%, less than total carcass ash measurements (P = 0.002). In conclusion, this study confirms the accurate measurement of fat and lean tissue mass by DXA in rhesus monkeys. DXA also accurately measured lumbar spine BMC but underestimated total body BMC as compared with carcass ash determinations.
ALGORAND: The Efficient and Democratic Ledger. (2016)

Algorand is a truly decentralized, new, and secure way to manage a shared ledger. Unlike prior approaches based on {\em proof of work}, it requires a negligible amount of computation, and generates a transaction history that does not fork with overwhelmingly high probability. This approach cryptographically selects ---in a way that is provably immune from manipulations, unpredictable until the last minute, but ultimately universally clear--- a set of verifiers in charge of constructing a block of valid transactions. This approach applies to any way of implementing a shared ledger via a tamper-proof sequence of blocks, including traditional blockchains. This paper also presents more efficient alternatives to blockchains, which may be of independent interest. 
Algorand significantly enhances all applications based on a public ledger: payments, smart contracts, stock settlement, etc. But, for concreteness, we shall describe it only as a money platform.
Minimal Residual Disease Assessment Improves Prediction of Outcome in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Who Achieve Partial Response: Comprehensive Analysis of Two Phase III Studies of the German CLL Study Group (2016)

Purpose To determine the value of minimal residual disease (MRD) assessments, together with the evaluation of clinical response in chronic lymphocytic leukemia according to the 2008 International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia criteria. Patients and Methods Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival of 554 patients from two randomized trials of the German CLL Study Group (CLL8: fludarabine and cyclophosphamide [FC] v FC plus rituximab; CLL10: FC plus rituximab v bendamustine plus rituximab) were analyzed according to MRD assessed in peripheral blood at a threshold of 10<sup>-4</sup> and clinical response. The prognostic value of different parameters defining a partial response (PR) was further investigated. Results Patients with MRD-negative complete remission (CR), MRD-negative PR, MRD-positive CR, and MRD-positive PR experienced a median PFS from a landmark at end of treatment of 61 months, 54 months, 35 months, and 21 months, respectively. PFS did not differ significantly between MRD-negative CR and MRD-negative PR; however, PFS was longer for MRD-negative PR than for MRD-positive CR ( P = .048) and for MRD-positive CR compared with MRD-positive PR ( P = .002). Compared with MRD-negative CR, only patients with MRD-positive PR had a significantly shorter overall survival (not reached v 72 months; P = .001), whereas there was no detectable difference for patients with MRD-negative PR or MRD-positive CR ( P = 0.612 and P = 0.853, respectively). Patients with MRD-negative PR who presented with residual splenomegaly had only a similar PFS (63 months) compared with patients with MRD-negative CR (61 months; P = .354), whereas patients with MRD-negative PR with lymphadenopathy showed a shorter PFS (31 months; P < .001). Conclusion MRD quantification allows for improved PFS prediction in both patients who achive PR and CR, which thus supports its application in all responders. In contrast to residual lymphadenopathy, persisting splenomegaly does not impact outcome in patients with MRD-negative PR.
Power to the People? (2011)

Throughout human history, political thinkers, observers, and practitioners have debated the competence of citizens. Both ancient and modern philosophers have offered different perspectives on the capacity of ordinary people to make enlightened political decisions. This book proposes and follows an empirical approach to the issue. It looks as closely as possible at what ordinary citizens actually do when they are given the opportunity to make important political decisions. This opportunity was given to them in three unprecedented democratic experiments in British Columbia, the Netherlands, and Ontario. Instead of just voting, sanctioning, chastising, or being consulted, individual citizens were given the chance to spend a year developing a new political institution. This chapter shows how these three cases can help us to answer some core questions in the study of democratic politics. The issues addressed in this book are introduced and the data used are outlined.
Statistical optics modeling of dark-field scattering in X-ray grating interferometers: Part 1. Theory (2021)

A grating-based Talbot-Lau X-ray interferometer provides three imaging modalities, namely attenuation, differential phase contrast, and dark field. Of these, dark-field imaging is uniquely capable of detecting and characterizing micron-scale fine structure in an object via small-angle scattering that reduces fringe visibility. Several empirical studies have been published showing the utility of this imaging modality for a wide range of applications. There also exists a more limited set of theoretical papers, based primarily on wave-optics formulations. In this two-part paper we present a comprehensive statistical optics model of the dark-field effect. In Part 1, we develop the theoretical underpinnings of the model with an emphasis on a scattering object comprising a random collection of microspheres, and in Part 2 [ Opt. Express 29 , 40917 ( 2021 ) 10.1364/OE.447798 ], we provide a variety of example simulation results.
Charge storage mechanism of α-MnO2 in protic and aprotic ionic liquid electrolytes (2020)

In this work we have investigated the charge storage mechanism of MnO2 electrodes in ionic liquid electrolytes. We show that by using an ionic liquid with a cation that has the ability to form hydrogen bonds with the active material (MnO2) on the surface of the electrode, a clear faradaic contribution is obtained. This situation is found for ionic liquids with cations that have a low pKa, i.e. protic ionic liquids. For a protic ionic liquid, the specific capacity at low scan rate rates can be explained by a densely packed layer of cations that are in a standing geometry, with a proton directly interacting through a hydrogen bond with the surface of the active material in the electrode. In contrast, for aprotic ionic liquids there is no interaction and only a double layer contribution to the charge storage is observed. However, by adding an alkali salt to the aprotic ionic liquid, a faradaic contribution is obtained from the insertion of Li+ into the surface of the MnO2 electrode. No effect can be observed when Li+ is added to the protic IL, suggesting that a densely packed cation layer in this case prevent Li-ions from reaching the active material surface.