gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The scent of an ion (1996)

The recent cloning of G protein-coupled extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+o)-sensing receptors from bovine (and human) parathyroid and rat kidney (and brain) has clearly shown that Ca2+o can function as a ‘first messenger’. The physiological relevance of this receptor in Ca2+o homeostasis in man has been demonstrated by the identification both of ‘inactivating’ and of ‘activating’ mutations in this Ca2+o-sensing receptor, which result in hypercalcemic and hypocalcemic phenotypes, respectively. The molecular mechanisms involved in extracellular calcium ‘sensing’ in the kidney are just beginning to emerge but are already suggesting new and novel mechanisms for linking Ca2+ (and Mg2+) and water excretion. The latter interrelationship appears to be crucial because maximal water conservation during periods of increased urinary Ca2+ or Mg2+ loss (e.g. due to increased dietary intake of these solutes) would increase urinary divalent cation concentration and enhance the risk of crystal/stone formation. The interactions among Ca2+, NaCl and water handling in the distal nephron and collecting duct may provide mechanisms for integrating and balancing water and divalent mineral loss, minimizing the risk of stone formation (a ‘trade-off’ of water conservation for Ca2+ or Mg2+ loss). Research over the next few years should greatly expand our understanding of the roles played by this Ca2+o-sensor both in divalent mineral excretion and in water metabolism as well as in other tissues (e.g. in the central nervous system).
Lateral n – p – n avalanche photodiode with an AlInAs multiplication layer (2008)

A quasi-planar AlInAs avalanche photodiode (APD) with a lateral n–p–n structure for optical fibre communications is reported. Although both the anode and the cathode contact the n-type regions, it is demonstrated that the n–p–n APD has the same performance as a normal p–n APD. The n–p–n structure enables the p-type conversion process of thermal Zn diffusion to be omitted, and AlInAs with a large gain bandwidth product and low noise to be utilised for a multiplication region. The n–p–n AlInAs APDs can provide better receiver sensitivity at 10 Gbit/s than commercially available InP APDs.
The Relationship between Pacing Site and Induction or Termination of Sustained Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia by Antitachycardia Pacing (2009)

ATP delivered from a LCV lead offers no efficacy advantage over pacing from the RVA.
Results of edge scatter testing for a starshade mission (2016)

In the field of exoplanet detection and characterization, the use of a starshade, an external occulter in front of a telescope at large separations, has been identified as one of the highly promising methods to achieve the necessary high contrast imagery. Control of scattered sunlight from the edges of the starshade into the telescope has been identified as one of the key technology development areas in order to make the starshade feasible. Modeling of the scattered light has resulted in very different results so a campaign of experimentation with edge samples was undertaken to attempt to understand the discrepancies. Here, we present our results from the measurement of select samples of materials which would be suitable for manufacturing the starshade edge, and related models. We have focused on coating metallic samples for ease of fabrication: Titanium, Aluminum, and a Beryllium Copper alloy. Using standard machine shop methods, we fabricated samples which had sharp edges with radius of curvature (RoC) between 15 and 20 &mu;m. We then had these samples coated by two suppliers to evaluate how well these coating types would conform to the edge and provide scatter suppression. The results of scatter measurements of these coated edge samples are presented. These scatter results have been incorporated into a new geometrical model in FRED which includes the details of the starshade mechanical model. This model predicts both the magnitude and distribution of the scattered sunlight in the image plane of a nominal telescope. We present these results, including a first effort at modeling the Solar System at 10 pc as seen by this mission architecture.
Gold Nanoparticle Photopolymerization of Acrylates (2008)

We report the photochemical incorporation of stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into a polymer matrix without the use of conventional photoinitiators. AuNPs in the size range of 2−6 nm are modified with 5-mercapto-2,2′-bithiophene. The charge-separated states of the functionalized AuNPs generated upon exposure to UV light are active intermediates that can cause polymerization of an acrylic monomer. Photopolymerization was monitored by near Fourier transform infrared measurements. Scanning electron microscopy reveals uniform distribution of the AuNPs within the matrix and a unique texture of the polymer composite.
The impact of the intestinal microbiota in therapeutic responses against cancer (2018)

Accumulating evidence points to the impact of the gut microbiota in regulating various chronic inflammatory disorders such as cancers. The intestinal microbiome is not only influencing the spontaneous course of colon malignancies but also acts at distant sterile sites of neoplasia, mostly playing a detrimental role. By providing microbial-associated molecular patterns and potentially antigens sharing molecular mimicry with tumor antigens, our commensals modulate the local and the systemic immune tonus, eventually influencing tumor microenvironment. Complicating this algorithm, therapeutic interventions alter the delicate balance between the epithelium, the microbial community, and the intestinal immunity, governing the final clinical outcome. This seminar focused on the impact of the intestinal composition on the immunomodulatory and therapeutic activities of distinct compounds (alkylating agents, platinum salts and immunotherapies) used in oncology. This research opens up "the era of anticancer probiotics" aimed at restoring gut eubiosis for a better clinical outcome in cancer patients.
Crosslinking and G-protein functions of transglutaminase 2 contribute differentially to fibroblast wound healing responses (2004)

Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) affects cell-matrix interactions in cell spreading, migration and extracellular matrix (ECM) reorganisation. Using fibroblasts deficient in TG2 or overexpressing normal or crosslinking-deficient enzyme, we show that the extracellular crosslinking activity and intracellular G-protein function in signal transduction contribute differentially to regulation of cell-matrix interactions. TG2-deficient cells displayed normal attachment but delayed spreading on ECM substrata and defects in motility unrelated to crosslinking. Blocking antibodies to TG2 failed to induce similar defects in normal fibroblasts. TG2-deficient fibroblasts had defects in focal adhesion turnover and stress fibre formation, showed changes in focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation and failed to activate protein kinase C alpha (PKCalpha). Phospholipase C (PLC) and PKCalpha inhibitors blocked spreading of normal fibroblasts whilst PKC activators induced spreading in TG2-deficient cells. In contrast, ECM remodelling was not only compromised by TG2 deficiency but also by overexpression of dominant negative enzyme and TG inhibitors. TG2 activity increased matrix tension and was required for membrane type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP)-dependent activation of MMP-2. Our results demonstrate that TG2 is involved in the control of dynamic adhesion formation in cell spreading and migration via regulation of phospholipase C activity. By virtue of its crosslinking activity, the enzyme plays a central role in regulating ECM remodelling.
A statistical learning appproach to vertebra detection and segmentation from spinal MRI (2008)

Automatically extracting vertebra regions from a spinal magnetic resonance image is normally required as the first step to an intelligent spinal MR image diagnosis system. In this work, we develop a fully automatic vertebra detection and segmentation method. Our system consists of three stages; namely, AdaBoost-based vertebra detection, detection refinement via robust curve fitting, and vertebra segmentation by an iterative normalized cut algorithm. We proposed an efficient and effective vertebra detector, which is trained by the improved AdaBoost algorithm, to locate the initial vertebra positions. Then, a robust estimation procedure is applied to fit all the vertebrae as a polynomial spinal curve to refine the vertebra detection results. Finally, an iterative segmentation algorithm based on normalized-cut energy minimization is applied to extract the precise vertebra regions from the detected windows. The experimental results show our system can achieve high accuracy on a number of testing 3D spinal MRI data sets.
Transcriptome profiles of human pancreatic islets following transient ischemia identify inflammatory and cell death responses (2015)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Part Load Behavior of a Micro Gas Turbine Fed With Different Fuels (2014)

The performance of a micro gas turbine in terms of global efficiency and exhaust emissions at different loads and methane-hydrogen blends has been experimentally studied. The load was varied from full load down to half load. A critical comparison between experimental data and results of the 3D CFD analysis of the combustor is discussed in order to study the effects of part load operation. Additional objective of the present study is to extend the numerical analysis of the combustor in order to describe the influence of a wider range of hydrogen concentrations in the fuel gas mixture. Numerical simulations were performed through the commercial code ANSYS CFX 14.5. Turbulence model adopted was the RSM RANS model, which ensures a good evaluation of effects of swirled turbulent flows in the combustion chamber. The oxidation of methane is simulated by using multistep kinetics models. They assure a better reproduction of CO emissions with load. Boundary and initial conditions were defined by using experimental data, when available, and results of numerical matching analysis, which assumes importance in case of absence of specific measurements at combustor inlet. Discussion of results is mainly focused on the variation in terms of exhaust gaseous emissions and temperature distributions in the combustor by varying load and fuel. A numerical evaluation of the MGT combustor behavior in critical conditions is also presented.
Data from Genetic Variants Implicate Dual Oxidase-2 in Familial and Sporadic Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Highly penetrant hereditary thyroid cancer manifests as familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC), whereas low-penetrance hereditary thyroid cancer manifests as sporadic disease and is associated with common polymorphisms, including rs965513[A]. Whole-exome sequencing of an FNMTC kindred identified a novel Y1203H germline dual oxidase-2 (DUOX2) mutation. DUOX2&lt;sub&gt;Y1203H&lt;/sub&gt; is enzymatically active, with increased production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, patients with sporadic thyroid cancer homozygous for rs965513[A] demonstrated higher DUOX2 expression than heterozygous rs965513[A/G] or homozygous rs965513[A]-negative patients. These data suggest that dysregulated hydrogen peroxide metabolism is a common mechanism by which high- and low-penetrance genetic factors increase thyroid cancer risk.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This study provides novel insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying familial and sporadic thyroid cancers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Mixed 1D−2D Inorganic Polymeric Zinc Ferrocenylphosphonate:  Crystal Structure and Electrochemical Study (2004)

Needs for ferrocene immobilization on robust host structures are considerable since derivative materials may find applications in medical areas, optical devices, or catalysis. Synthesis of phosphonate functionalized ferrocene allowed its subsequent inorganic polymerization with a zinc salt. The crystallographic structure of the compound obtained, Zn(HO(3)PFc)(2).2H(2)O, shows a unique two-dimensional ferrocene arrangement anchored on a one-dimensional Zn-O-P-O-Zn backbone. The ferrocene packing in the title compound is very similar to the packing found in molecular ferrocene. The electroactivity of Zn(HO(3)PFc)(2).2H(2)O is thoroughly studied. It shows a reversible surface oxidation of ferrocene. Mössbauer spectroscopy for the oxidized compound shows an isomer shift of IS(2b) = 0.432 mm x s(-1) and a quadrupolar splitting of QS(2b) = 0.205 mm x s(-1), which is consistent with a stable S = 1/2 ferrocenium state. The magnetic susceptibility study, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and galvanostatic titration show that only the ferrocene moieties present at the surface of the crystallites are reversibly oxidized. This observation is reinforced by a complex impedance study showing mainly resistive behavior and conductivity measurements indicating weak, thermally assisted, conductivity. The general properties of this compound demonstrate that phosphonato functionalization may be a useful approach for all fields concerned by immobilization of ferrocene.
Topologies for Future Automotive Generators – Part I: Modeling and Analytics (2005)

This paper compares the relative suitability of four different alternator topologies for use in an advanced automobile electrical system. The four candidate topologies are: the salient-and non-salient-pole wound-field synchronous alternators, the Lundell alternator, and the homopolar inductor alternator. The analysis is made with the alternator utilizing a switched-mode rectifier that enables load matching for optimal power transmission. This paper models and compares the alternators using hand calculations. Lumped parameter models of each of the four alternators are derived. The output power and efficiency of each machine is evaluated when utilized with a switched-mode boost rectifier and operating at the load matched condition. A direct mathematical comparison of the sizing equations for the four classes of machines is offered. Based on the analysis, the Lundell alternator has the highest power output and efficiency when compared at the same dimensions and field ampere turns excitation. Part II will cover a more detailed and accurate cost optimization of the four alternators while subject to the constraints and requirements of future automobiles.
Measurement of residual chromatic dispersion of a 40-Gb/s RZ signal via spectral broadening (2002)

In this letter, we examine the spectrum of a 40-Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ) data stream, which has been broadened by self-phase modulation in a nonlinear fiber. Spectra were recorded as the residual chromatic dispersion at the input of the nonlinear fiber was varied using a tunable dispersion element. We show that spectral broadening can provide a useful measure of the residual chromatic dispersion of the data stream.
Elemental composition of some Apollo 12 lunar rocks and soils (1971)

Apollo 12 lunar soils and igneous rocks from Ocean of Storms, determining major, minor and trace element composition with chemical, X ray fluorescence and spectrographic techniques
Synthesis and characterization of poly(t‐butyl methacrylate‐b‐isoprene‐b‐t‐butyl methacrylate) block copolymers by anionic techniques (1989)

Abstract Poly( t ‐butyl methacrylate‐b‐isoprene‐b‐ t ‐butyl methacrylate) block copolymers have been synthesized in a controlled manner by anionic techniques. The block copolymers demonstrated predictable chemical composition and stereochemistry, and narrow molecular weight distributions. The addition of a polar solvent was required after complete conversion of the diene block in order to preserve the high 1,4 microstructure of the diene phase and to facilitate the efficient crossover to the poly( t ‐butyl methacrylate) lithium enolate. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) of the triblock copolymers demonstrated a microphase separated morphology. The glass transition temperatures of the diene phase and acrylic phase were approximately −70 and 120°C, respectively. Cast films of the block copolymers from polar and nonpolar solvents were optically clear and elastic.
Surface-plasmon hopping along coupled coplanar cavities (2007)

We report on surface-plasmon propagation along coupled coplanar cavities periodically distributed in an otherwise unperturbed plasmonic crystal. We show that the dispersion of particular Bloch modes can exhibit multiple energy gaps that can be adjusted by choosing the cavity size. For resonant sizes, the composite crystals composed of juxtaposed cavities can support plasmon modes at frequencies within the gap of the unperturbed grating. In this case, we demonstrate that the surface-plasmon propagation relies on a hopping mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of (3R)‐4‐Amino‐3‐hydroxybutyric Acid (GABOB) via Cyclic Sulfite Methodology. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quasicrystallinity of icosahedralPd58.8U20.6Si20.6 (1987)

The uranium differential atomic pair distribution function (DDF) of icosahedral ${\mathrm{Pd}}_{58.8}$${\mathrm{U}}_{20.6}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{20.6}$ is shown to compare well with the vertex-vertex distance distribution function of a quasicrystalline lattice up to 40 A\r{}. The DDF is also compatible, but less favorably, with the icosahedral glass model, which we point out has a local structure very similar to an ideal quasicrystalline structure up to 50 A\r{} or more. Based upon the comparison of theoretical and experimental values of physical density as well, we conclude that the icosahedral ${\mathrm{Pd}}_{58.8}$${\mathrm{U}}_{20.6}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{20.6}$ is better described by the quasicrystalline model.
Postoperative delirium is a risk factor of institutionalization after hip fracture: an observational cohort study (2023)

Only POD but not NCDs was associated with the risk of dependency and institutionalization after hip fracture surgery. The prevention of POD appears to be essential for improving patient outcomes and optimizing the potential for returning home.
ATP‐Sensitive K+ channels mediate an IPSP in dorsal horn neurones elicited by sensory stimulation (1992)

Nociceptive dorsal horn neurones, which are involved in the processing of pain-related information, are inhibited by input from vibration-sensitive, large diameter primary sensory fibres (Wall and Cronly-Dillon, 1960; Salter and Henry, 1990a,b). We have reported previously that the inhibition of spinal nociceptive neurones by vibration is mediated by adenosine acting through P1-purinergic receptors (Salter and Henry, 1987). In a number of different types of cell, adenosine is known to activate K+ currents (Gerber et al., 1989; Greene and Haas, 1985; Proctor and Dunwiddie, 1987; Segal, 1982; Trussell and Jackson, 1987) and we have recently found that the adenosine-mediated inhibition of nociceptive neurones by vibration is the result of an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP), which is, indeed, caused by a K+ conductance (De Koninck and Henry, 1988, 1992). It has been reported that adenosine-activated K+ channels in cardiac muscle cells are the ATP-sensitive K+ channels (Kirsch et al., 1990). Therefore, we questioned whether these channels might mediate the purinergic IPSP we have observed in nociceptive dorsal horn neurones. We report here that glibenclamide, a blocker of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (Ashcroft, 1988; Schmid Antomarchi et al., 1987a,b), blocks the inhibition of nociceptive neurones by vibratory stimulation when this compound is administered locally by iontophoresis or systemically by intravenous injection. In addition, direct intracellular injection of ATP was found to block the IPSP evoked by vibratory stimulation. These data indicate that the purinergic IPSP in nociceptive spinal neurones is mediated via ATP-sensitive K+ channels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Statistical modeling and simulation of threshold variation under dopant fluctuations and line-edge roughness (2008)

The threshold voltage (Vth) of a nanoscale transistor is severely affected by random dopant fluctuations and line-edge roughness. The analysis of these effects usually requires atomistic simulations that are too expensive computationally for statistical circuit design. In this work, we develop an efficient SPICE simulation method and statistical transistor model that accurately predict threshold variation as a function of dopant fluctuations and gate length change caused by sub-wavelength lithography and gate etching process. By understanding the physical principles of atomistic simulations, we (a) identify the appropriate method to divide a non-uniform gate into slices in order to map those fluctuations into the device model; (b) extract the variation of Vth from the strong-inversion region instead of the leakage current, benefiting from the linearity of the saturation current with respect to Vth and (c) propose a compact model of Vth variation that is scalable with gate size and the amount of dopant and gate length fluctuations. The proposed SPICE simulation method is fully validated against atomistic simulation results. Given the post-lithography gate geometry, this approach correctly models the variation of device output current in all operating regions. Based on the new results, we further project the amount of Vth variation at advanced technology nodes, to help shed light on the challenges of future robust circuit design.
Fingerprinting Software-Defined Networks (2015)

In this paper, we study the feasibility of fingerprinting of controller-switch interactions in SDN networks by a remote adversary whose aim is to acquire knowledge about specific flow rules that are installed at the switches. This knowledge empowers the adversary with a better understanding of the network's packet-forwarding logic and exposes the network to a number of threats. In our study, we collect measurements from hosts located across the globe using a realistic SDN network comprising of OpenFlow hardware switches. We show that, by leveraging information from the RTT and packet-pair dispersion of the exchanged packets, fingerprinting attacks on SDN networks succeed with overwhelming probability. We also show that these attacks are not restricted to active adversaries, but can be equally mounted by passive adversaries that only monitor traffic exchanged with the SDN network. Finally, we sketch an efficient countermeasure to strengthen SDN networks against fingerprinting.