gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building 4D Constraint for History Matching from Stratigraphic Pre-Stack inversion - Application to the Girassol Field (2006)

Adequate history matching is mandatory to understand properly the physical changes occurring in an hydrocarbon field that are related with production. However, this process has no unique solution. 4D seismic, which consists in repeating a 3D seismic survey at different calendar times is an additional source of data, which provides information about production effects. Its integration in the history matching process can therefore help in better identifying permeability barriers, by-passed oil zones, and therefore influence the field management. &lt;br&gt;In this paper, we focus on the definition of this 4D seismic constraint on Girassol, a giant deep-offshore field located offshore Angola. The methodology we have used is based on a sequential stratigraphic inversion of pre-stack data from the different seismic vintages. The methodology to invert the monitor survey is divided into 4 parts:&lt;br&gt;- time realignment of seismic events from monitor survey on the base survey;&lt;br&gt;- verification of the invariability of wavelets with calendar time;&lt;br&gt;- updating of a priori model;&lt;br&gt;- pre-stack stratigraphic inversion of the monitor survey;&lt;br&gt;Finally, we interpret the variations of inverted impedances between the different vintages in terms of production effects.&lt;br&gt;
A method for actively tracking excitability of brain networks using a fully implantable monitoring system (2013)

This paper introduces a new method for estimating the excitability of brain networks. The motivation for this research was to develop a system that can track pathological changes in excitability, in diseases such as epilepsy. The ability to track excitability may provide a method for anticipating seizures and intervening therapeutically. Four normally healthy canines were implanted with the Medtronic Activia PC+S deep brain stimulation and sensing system. The devices were used to probe the circuit of Papez, with electrical stimulation in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus to measure evoked potentials in the hippocampus. The canines were given three different dosage levels of anti-convulsant medication in an attempt to manipulate the excitability of the network. The results showed changes in the morphology of the evoked potentials, following a circadian profile and reflecting times of drug delivery.
Evaluating Compliant Hinge Geometries for Origami-Inspired Mechanisms (2014)

Origami-inspired design is an emerging field capable of producing compact and efficient designs. Compliant hinges are proposed as a way to replicate the folding motion of paper when using non-paper materials. Compliant hinges function as surrogate folds and can be defined as localized reduction of stiffness. The purpose of this paper is to organize and evaluate selected surrogate folds for use in compliant mechanisms. These surrogate folds are characterized based on the desired motion as well as motions typically considered parasitic. Additionally the surrogate folds’ ability to rotate through large deflections and their stability of center of rotation are evaluated. Existing surrogate folds are reviewed and closed-form solutions presented. A diagram intended as a straightforward design guide is presented. Areas for potential development in the surrogate fold design space are noted.
Improved equivalent circuit modeling for RF components by the real-coefficient adaptive frequency sampling technique (2010)

In this paper, the real-coefficient version of Adaptive Frequency Sampling(AFS) technique is developed for efficient equivalent circuit modeling of RF components. This proposed method is advantageous over the vector fitting technique and the conventional AFS method in terms of fewer samples leading to a lower order of a rational function on a given data and direct conversion to an equivalent circuit for the PSPICE simulation, respectively. To validate the proposed method, the 3D field analysis data of a multilayered PCB is reduced to the equivalent circuit by the real-coefficient AFS and two data will be shown to agree.
A molecular orbital approach to a comprehensive cracking mechanism for linear long chain alkanes in heterogeneous acid catalytic conditions through carbenium ion β-cleavage (1985)

An extensive MINDO/3 theoretical study of the elementary steps of n-heptane cracking has been performed. A mechanism involving a carbenium ion is proposed and then a number of possibilities for further evolution of the different carbenium ions are considered. The energy surfaces for hydride transfer, β-cleavage processes either direct or concerted with 1,2-hydrogen shifts or concerted with a cyclic rearrangement, are explored. The energy barriers so obtained range over ca. 50 kcal mol–1 and are insensitive to product size. Consequently, the final product distribution cannot be explained in terms of the β-scission of linear n-heptane as the rate-limiting step. The β-scission energy barrier for some branched seven-carbon carbenium ions have been calculated to be ca. 30 kcal mol–1, an intermediate value between linear β-cracking and branching rearrangement transition energies. A mechanism is proposed that implies a fast achievement of equilibrium between different branched carbocations after carbenium ion generation by hydride transfer and then irreversible β-cracking.
Design of the third-generation lead-based neutron spallation target for the n_TOF facility at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (2021)

The neutron time-of-flight (n_TOF) facility at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) is a pulsed white-spectrum neutron spallation source producing neutrons for two experimental areas: the Experimental Area 1 (EAR1), located 185 m horizontally from the target, and the Experimental Area 2 (EAR2), located 20 m above the target. The target, based on pure lead, is impacted by a high-intensity 20-GeV/c pulsed proton beam. The facility was conceived to study neutron-nucleus interactions for neutron kinetic energies between a few meV to several GeV, with applications of interest for nuclear astrophysics, nuclear technology, and medical research. After the second-generation target reached the end of its lifetime, the facility underwent a major upgrade during CERN's Long Shutdown 2 (LS2, 2019-2021), which included the installation of the new third-generation neutron target. The first and second-generation targets were based on water-cooled massive lead blocks and were designed focusing on EAR1, since EAR2 was built later. The new target is cooled by nitrogen gas to avoid erosion-corrosion and contamination of cooling water with radioactive lead spallation products. Moreover, the new design is optimized also for the vertical flight path and EAR2. This paper presents an overview of the target design focused on both physics and thermo-mechanical performance, and includes a description of the nitrogen cooling circuit and radiation protection studies.
Exploring and reducing the effects of orientation on text readability in volumetric displays (2007)

Volumetric displays, which provide a 360° view of imagery illuminated in true 3D space, are a promising platform for interactive 3D applications. However, presenting text in volumetric displays can be a challenge, as the text may not be oriented towards the user. This is especially problematic with multiple viewers, as the text could, for example, appear forwards to one user, and backwards to another. In a first experiment we determined the effects of 3D rotations on text readability. Based on the results, we developed and evaluated a new technique which optimizes text orientation for multiple viewers. This technique provided 33% faster group reading times in a collaborative experimental task.
State-Complexity Reduction in MLSD Receivers for Optical Communications With Direct Photodetection (2008)

We investigate the impact of state-complexity reduction on the performance of maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) receivers for direct-photodetection long-haul optical communication systems affected by uncompensated chromatic dispersion (CD). We directly compare two possible approaches: (i) detection through a simple ldquobrute-forcerdquo state-complexity reduction strategy and (ii) a more structured reduced-state sequence detection (RSSD) strategy. The performance of both state-complexity reduction techniques is evaluated considering two realistic optical transmission schemes, based on on-off keying (OOK) and optical duobinary modulation (ODBM), respectively. The detection algorithms are characterized considering the impact of the timing offset, the quantization scheme, and the amount of uncompensated CD. As one would expect, for a given number of states in MLSD receivers, the schemes based on RSSD exhibit better performance with respect to those based on simple brute-force state-complexity reduction. However, we show that MLSD schemes based on the use of brute-force state-complexity reduction are characterized by a better complexity/performance trade-off for low/medium CD values, whereas RSSD is the best choice for high CD values.
Short-chain fatty acid-hexosamine cancer prodrugs: The sugar matters! (2006)

This review describes short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-sugar hybrids, exemplified by the lead compound But 4 ManNAc where n-butyrate is linked to N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc) in a single molecule, that merge two emerging modes of cancer therapy First, n-butyrate is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that remodels chromatin, thereby influencing patterns of gene expression to 'make bad cells go good'. Second, ManNAc is the dedicated precursor for sialic acid biosynthesis, a sugar that is gaining increasing recognition as an important modulator of cell fate, including apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Herein we describe how, when combined with n-butyrate, ManNAc augments the epigenetic activity of the HDAC inhibitor to achieve sugar-dependent killing of cancer cells in vitro. Looking forward to the translation of this class of compounds into the clinic, we then discuss how the poor pharmacological properties of the individual n-butyrate and ManNAc moieties are dramatically improved by combination in a single molecule, where they function as mutual prodrugs. Finally, we conclude by outlining how But 4 ManNAc represents a versatile platform for future drug development efforts.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance by non contrast T1-mapping allows assessment of severity of injury in acute myocardial infarction (2012)

In acute MI, pre-contrast T1-mapping allows assessment of the extent of myocardial damage. T1-mapping might become an important complementary technique to LGE and T2W for identification of reversible myocardial injury and prediction of functional recovery in acute MI.
Investigating Nonribosomal Peptide and Polyketide Biosynthesis by Direct Detection of Intermediates on >70 kDa Polypeptides by Using Fourier‐Transform Mass Spectrometry (2006)

Many therapeutic natural products emanate from NRPS and PKS enzymes, and there is an ongoing effort to engineer these systems for the generation of novel natural products. Here, direct interrogation by Fourier-transform mass spectrometry is extended to 70–127 kDa polypeptides as a robust method to investigate these megaenzymes and facilitate deeper fundamental understanding and rational engineering efforts.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW CLASS OF NITROSOUREAS. II. SYNTHESIS AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF 1‐(2‐CHLOROETHYL)‐3,3‐DISUBSTITUTED‐1‐NITROSOUREAS HAVING A GLUCOPYRANOSYL, MANNOPYRANOSYL OR GALACTOPYRANOSYL MOIETY (1982)

Abstract Die durch Glucose, Mannose oder Galaktose substituierten Chlorethyl‐nitrosmharnstoffderivate (IV) werden durch Nitrosierung der Chlorethylharnstoffderivate (III) hergestellt, die aus den Glykosylaminen (I) zugänglich sind.
PLASMA AND URINARY STEROID CONJUGATES IN CHILDREN WITH STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY (1971)

In a series of five children (age 1.1-10.4 years, mean 6.4) with congenital adrenal hyperplasia plasma neutral steroid mono- and disulphates as well as urinary neutral steroid mono- and disulphates and glucuronides were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. According to clinical data, urinary 17-ketosteroid, 17-ketogenic steroid and pregnanetriol excretion the subjects were classified as having steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
Mobile Application and Service Discovery Protocol for Device-to-Device Communication (2013)

본 논문에서는 기기 간 직접(device-to-device) 통신 시스템에서 근접한 디바이스의 모바일 어플리케이션 및 서비스를 발견하기 위한 디스커버리 프로토콜을 제안한다. 기기 간 직접통신 기술을 기반으로 모바일 소셜네트워크, 모바일 마케팅 등의 근접 기반 어플리케이션을 실현할 수 있다. 이를 위해 우선적으로 주변에 있는 수많은 디바이스에서 원하는 어플리케이션을 찾아내는 디스커버리 프로토콜의 설계가 필수적이다. 기반 시설이 없는 에드혹 망에서 디스커버리 프로토콜을 구현하기 위해서는 디바이스 내부의 어플리케이션 정보를 축약해서 디스커버리 코드를 생성하고 이를 주기적으로 방송하는 방법을 쓸 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 해시함수 및 블룸필터(Bloom filter)를 이용하여 디스커버리 프로토콜을 설계하고 이의 성능을 수학적으로 분석한다. In this paper, we propose a discovery protocol for finding nearby mobile applications and services in a device-to-device communications system. The device-to-device communication technology enables proximity-based services such as mobile social networks and mobile marketing. For realizing these proximity-based services, it is essential to design a discovery protocol which pinpoints the devices with mobile applications of interest among hundreds and thousands of devices in proximity. In the infrastructure-less networks such as ad hoc networks, we can design the discovery protocol that periodically broadcasts a short discovery code containing the compressed information of the mobile applications. In this paper, we design the discovery protocol with the discovery code generated by using a hash function and a Bloom filter. We also mathematically analyze the performance of the proposed protocol.
Role of Glucose Transport in the Postreceptor Defect of Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1982)

In an attempt to elucidate the cellular mechanism(s) of the insulin resistance associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), insulin-sensitive glucose transport was studied employing isolated adipocytes obtained from these subjects using the nonmetabolized glucose analogue, 3-O-methyl glucose. In the subjects with IGT, basal and maximal rates of 3-O-methyl glucose uptake were normal while the responses at submaximal insulin concentrations were decreased, i.e., the dose-response curves were shifted rightward, indicative of decreased insulin sensitivity. In contrast, the dose-response curves for insulin-stimulated 3-O-methyl glucose uptake in adipocytes obtained from subjects with NIDDM were right-shifted and, in addition, there was a marked decrease in both the basal and maximally stimulated rates of glucose transport (i.e., decreased insulin responsiveness). Thus, the adipocytes from subjects with IGT show decreased insulin sensitivity consistent with decreased insulin binding, whereas the adipocytes from subjects with NIDDM exhibit both decreased insulin sensitivity and decreased insulin responsiveness consistent with a combined receptor and postreceptor defect in cellular insulin action. In the groups as a whole, the magnitude of the rightward shift in the dose-response curve for insulin-stimulated glucose transport correlated with the reduction in adipocyte insulin binding (r = 0.47, P &amp;lt; 0.02). In these subjects, the level of fasting hyperglycemia was correlated (P &amp;lt; 0.01) to the magnitude of the decrease in maximal glucose transport and a highly significant correlation was found between the maximal insulinstimulated rate of glucose transport and the maximal in vivo rate of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (r = 0.49, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Therefore, we conclude that the insulin resistance in subjects with IGT is due solely to a decrease in insulin binding, whereas subjects with NIDDM exhibit both decreased insulin binding and decreased maximal rates of insulin-stimulated adipocyte glucose transport due to a postreceptor defect at this site in the insulin action pathway. If adipocytes are reflective of changes in glucose transport in other insulin target tissues, then these findings suggest that the cellular lesion responsible for the postreceptor defect in insulin action, previously demonstrated in vivo in subjects with NIDDM, resides in part at the level of the glucose transport system.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VISUAL ACUITY OUTCOMES AFTER VITRECTOMY FOR DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA (2010)

These results suggest that the removal of epiretinal membranes may favorably affect visual outcome after vitrectomy. Preoperative presence of vitreoretinal abnormalities appeared to be associated with somewhat greater reductions in retinal thickness but not with visual acuity outcome. These results may be useful for future studies evaluating vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema.
Design of a CMOS VCO with two tuning inputs applied for a wideband GFSK-modulated frequency synthesizer (2006)

This paper describes the design considerations of a 2.4 GHz CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with two tuning inputs when used in a wideband GFSK-modulated frequency synthesizer based on a two-point delta-sigma modulation (TPDSM) architecture. One tuning input is provided mainly for the fractional-TV frequency synthesis, and the other one is for the direct GFSK modulation. In the VCO design, the tuning sensitivity for GFSK modulation is optimized including the effects of digital-to-analog converter (DAC). In addition, the size of spiral inductor in the LC tank is minimized without the cost of reducing quality (Q) factor. The implemented TPDSM-based GFSK-modulated frequency synthesizer can achieve a maximum data rate of up to 2.5 Mbps with an FSK error less than 1.4% and a phase-locked loop (PLL) settling time less than 110 /spl mu/s. The modulated frequency synthesizer with such good performances has promising application potential in a low-power solution for the enhanced data rate (EDR) Bluetooth transmitters.
Supplementary Table from Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Inhibitor, IK-175, and Its Inhibitory Activity on Tumor Immune Suppression (2023)

Supplementary Table from Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Inhibitor, IK-175, and Its Inhibitory Activity on Tumor Immune Suppression
Mesothelin expression as a predictive biomarker of breast cancer outcomes. (2014)

11119 Background: Mesothelin, previously-shown to be expressed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors, is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic marker in breast cancer. Methods: We analyzed clinical data from two cohorts: a 141 patient-cohort treated between 2009 and 2011 at the UPHS (discovery) and the 844 patient-cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (validation). Mesothelin expression was quantified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) (discovery) or RNA transcript levels by whole-transcriptome sequencing (validation). Results: Median follow up for our discovery cohort was 3.54 years. Univariate analyses demonstrated that tumor size (HR=1.30, 95% CI 1.115-1.515, p < 4.58 x10-4), number of positive axillary lymph nodes (HR=1.131; 95% CI 1.06-1.21; p-value < 9.20 x10-5), tumor stage (HR (Grade III to I) = 21.294, 95% CI 2.69-168.69, p < 3.40 x10-5), at least one lymph node removed (HR=1.07, 95% CI 1.021-1.116, p< 2.45 x10-3), and most importantly, mesothelin expression (HR= 2.377; 95% CI 1.12-5.02; p < 3.01 x10-3) were associated with both overall and disease-specific survival. We used a Cox-proportional hazard (Cox-PH) model to adjust for the only other independent predictors of survival, namely axillary lymph nodes involved and tumor size, and stratifying by African American race, we found a significant association between mesothelin expression and overall and disease-specific survival in the discovery cohort (HR = 3.138, 85% CI 1.38-7.10, p < 6.14 x10-3). Using the TCGA dataset, we confirmed that, over a median follow-up of 16.0months, patients with mesothelin-expressing tumors had poorer overall survival (HR=1.463; 95% CI 1.053-2.033; p<0.021). On Cox-PH analysis, mesothelin-positivity was independently predictive of poorer survival, after adjusting for the number of involved axillary lymph nodes and tumor size (HR = 1.688; 95% CI 1.174-2.425; p<4.67x10-3). Conclusions: Our results suggest that mesothelin is a prognostic breast tumor marker and that its expression in a large proportion in TNBC holds promise that existing targeted therapy directed against mesothelin may be effective for the treatment of TNBC. Further work is needed to elucidate the mechanistic role of mesothelin in breast cancer.
saSNP Approach for Scalable SNP Analyses of Multiple Bacterial or Viral Genomes (2010)

With the flood of whole genome finished and draft microbial sequences, we need faster, more scalable bioinformatics tools for sequence comparison. An algorithm is described to find single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in whole genome data. It scales to hundreds of bacterial or viral genomes, and can be used for finished and/or draft genomes available as unassembled contigs. The method is fast to compute, finding SNPs and building a SNP phylogeny in seconds to hours. We use it to identify thousands of putative SNPs from all publicly available Filoviridae, Poxviridae, foot-and-mouth disease virus, Bacillus, and Escherichia coli genomes and plasmids. The SNP-based trees that result are consistent with known taxonomy and trees determined in other studies. The approach we describe can handle as input hundreds of gigabases of sequence in a single run. The algorithm is based on k-mer analysis using a suffix array, so we call it saSNP.
A monolithically integrated thermo-adsorptive battery (2014)

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.
Novel Composable and Scaleout Architectures Using Compute Express Link (2023)

Compute Express Link (CXL) is an open industry standard interconnect offering caching and memory semantics on top of PCI-Express. In addition to providing high-bandwidth and low-latency connectivity between host processor and accelerators, smart network interface card, and memory expansion devices, it also enables resource pooling across multiple systems for scalable, power-efficient, and cost-effective computing. This article delves into a novel composable and scaleout architecture to enable large-scale systems at rack level and beyond with pooled and shared heterogeneous memory and heterogenous compute resources using CXL interconnect.
Scanner focus metrology for advanced node scanner monitoring and control (2015)

Scanner Focus window of the lithographic process becomes much smaller due to the shrink of the device node and multipatterning approach. Consequently, the required performance of scanner focus becomes tighter and more complicated. Focus control/monitoring methods such as “field-by-field focus control” or “intra-field focus control” is a necessity. Moreover, tight scanner focus performance requirement starts to raise another fundamental question: accuracy of the reported scanner focus. The insufficient accuracy of the reported scanner focus using the existing methods originates from: a) Focus measurement quality, which is due to low sensitivity of measured targets, especially around the nominal production focus. b) The scanner focus is estimated using special targets, e.g. large pitch target and not using the device-like structures (irremovable aberration impact). Both of these factors are eliminated using KLA-Tencor proprietary “Focus Offset” technology.