gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-mode operation of different PV/BESS architectures in a microgrid: Grid-tied and island mode (2014)

The performance of two different solar photovoltaic (PV)/battery energy storage system (BESS) architectures are compared on a simulated microgrid testbed. The PV system is interfaced with the BESS at the DC link to provide reserve power. These two different integrated solutions can be compared with regards to the number of power stages, efficiency, storage system flexibility, and control complexity. A single power conversion system named Reconfigurable Solar Converter (RSC) presents more flexibility, less complexity, and multi-mode capability depending on system requirement, and results in a more efficient and economical system compared with a current indirect PV/battery system with two stages of power conversion units. There are various approaches to share the load when microgrids are islanded or disconnected from the main grid. In the islanded mode, a distributed generator (DG) like a diesel generator can enhance the reliability of the power supply and regulate the frequency and voltage within the microgrid. Different operation modes for both topologies such as PV to grid, PV plus battery to the grid, battery to the grid (DC to AC) and PV to battery (DC to DC) are simulated on a microgrid testbed, verifying the applicability of the two architectures in microgrids.
Mode-locked 2-μm wavelength fiber laser using a graphene-saturable absorber (2013)

Soliton-like pulses with a 1984-nm center wavelength are produced from a Tm-doped mode-locked fiber laser. The linear cavity has a graphene saturable absorber mirror at one end and a fiber Bragg grating as the output coupler. The laser operates without dispersion compensation, and the repetition rate was tuned from 20 to 5 MHz by the addition of SMF-28 fiber. The dry transfer process used to place the graphene on a mirror could be extended to any optical substrate. This enables integration of graphene with optics such as an optical window coated with a graphene filter or a graphene-saturable absorber placed directly on a semiconductor laser facet.
The ICSI/UTD Summarization System at TAC 2009 (2011)

We describe improvements to our 2008 system that result in a top-performing summarization system. The motivating ideas are (1) improve sentence boundary detection to avoid damaging errors in preprocessing; (2) prune sentences that are unlikely to work well in a summary; (3) leverage sentence position to improve update summarization; (4) focus on high-precision sentence compression to improve readability rather than content.
An X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Surface Changes on Brominated and Sulfur-Treated Activated Carbon Sorbents during Mercury Capture: Performance of Pellet versus Fiber Sorbents (2013)

This work explores surface changes and the Hg capture performance of brominated activated carbon (AC) pellets, sulfur-treated AC pellets, and sulfur-treated AC fibers upon exposure to simulated Powder River Basin-fired flue gas. Hg breakthrough curves yielded specific Hg capture amounts by means of the breakthrough shapes and times for the three samples. The brominated AC pellets showed a sharp breakthrough after 170–180 h and a capacity of 585 μg of Hg/g, the sulfur-treated AC pellets exhibited a gradual breakthrough after 80–90 h and a capacity of 661 μg of Hg/g, and the sulfur-treated AC fibers showed no breakthrough even after 1400 h, exhibiting a capacity of >9700 μg of Hg/g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to analyze sorbent surfaces before and after testing to show important changes in quantification and oxidation states of surface Br, N, and S after exposure to the simulated flue gas. For the brominated and sulfur-treated AC pellet samples, the amount of surface-bound Br and reduced sulfur groups decreased upon Hg capture testing, while the level of weaker Hg-binding surface S(VI) and N species (perhaps as NH4+) increased significantly. A high initial concentration of strong Hg-binding reduced sulfur groups on the surface of the sulfur-treated AC fiber is likely responsible for this sorbent’s minimal accumulation of S(VI) species during exposure to the simulated flue gas and is linked to its superior Hg capture performance compared to that of the brominated and sulfur-treated AC pellet samples.
Comparison of affinity ranking and immunochemical key data as measure for molecular antibody evolution (2003)

The evolutionary optimization of antibody binding properties in vitro opens new perspectives for immunochemistry, since the affinity and selectivity of a given antibody molecule can be tailored to meet the requirements of the envisaged analytical application. An efficient strategy for molecular antibody evolution is described that combines randomized point mutations and sequential recombination of variable antibody gene repertoires employing a group‐selective library. This strategy enabled significant improvements in the binding of the model analyte atrazine that were monitored by both, kinetic measurements by the optical sensor BIAcore 2000 TM and immunochemical key data obtained by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The K D of the template antibody IPR‐7 was improved by a factor of 17 from 1.27×10 –8 M to 7.46×10 –10 M for the optimized variant IPR‐83. The enhanced K D is well in line with the 15 fold lowered IC 50 of the atrazine ELISA, which was shifted from 13.6 µg/l for IPR‐7 to 0.9 µg/l for IPR‐83. Once the analytical properties of antibody fragments are optimized, antibody functionality can be tailored for specific technical demands, e.g. the directed immobilization on microchip surfaces. As an example, the variable region encoding genes of the scFv variants were subcloned into the F ab fragment expression vector pASK99, in order to reconstitute the antigen binding site of native antibody molecules. The expressed F ab fragments provide a C‐terminal affinity tag for functionalized sensor surfaces. Again, the evaluation by ELISA as well as by BIAcore revealed a consistent ratio of analyte binding enhancement for the engineered F ab fragments.
Intraoperative graft tensioning alters viscoelastic but not failure behaviours of rabbit medial collateral ligament autografts (1995)

The effects of three different degrees of intraoperative graft tensioning on measures of ex vivo laxity, viscoelastic behaviour, and structural and material failure of isolated healing medial collateral ligament autografts were investigated in a rabbit model. The grafts were orthotopically replaced at one of three different loads (too tight, anatomic, or too loose) and were mechanically evaluated after 0, 12, 24, and 48 weeks of healing. Laxity of the ligament was influenced by intraoperative graft tensioning at time zero. However, after 12 weeks of healing, values for laxity were indistinguishable among the experimental groups. Cyclic load relaxation, a measure of viscoelastic behaviour, was significantly influenced by intraoperative graft tensioning, and this effect persisted even after 48 weeks of healing. Grafts placed under excessive tension relaxed one-third less than grafts placed under abnormally low in situ tension. The relevance of these differences remains to be determined. Intraoperative tensioning had no significant influence on characteristics of structural or material failure of the graft during the first year of healing. These results suggest that, in this model, control of graft tension at the time of placement and fixation does not improve the failure characteristics of the medial collateral ligament. The structural strength of the grafts collectively improved to nearly normal values after 48 weeks; however, material recovery was less complete. Failure loads averaged 89% of control values, whereas failure stress averaged only 52% after 48 weeks of healing.
Temperature Dependence of Current Transport and Electroluminescence in Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Devices (1996)

We measure the temperature dependence of the current-voltage (I-V) and electroluminescence (EL) characteristics of organic light emitting devices based on the molecular compound; tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum ( Alq 3 ). We find that the current is limited by a large density of traps with an exponential energy distribution below the Alq 3 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. The measured trap density suggests that each molecular site may serve as an electron trap, and that EL arises from the recombination of trapped charge. The relationship between the I-V characteristics and EL provides insight into the optimization of vacuum deposited organic light emitting devices.
Enzymatic Low Volume Passive Sweat Based Assays for Multi-Biomarker Detection (2019)

Simultaneous detection of correlated multi-biomarkers on a single low-cost platform in ultra-low fluid volumes with robustness is in growing demand for the development of wearable diagnostics. A non-faradaic biosensor for the simultaneous detection of alcohol, glucose, and lactate utilizing low volumes (1⁻5 μL) of sweat is demonstrated. Biosensing is implemented using nanotextured ZnO films integrated on a flexible porous membrane to achieve enhanced sensor performance. The ZnO sensing region is functionalized with enzymes specific for the detection of alcohol, glucose, and lactate in the ranges encompassing their physiologically relevant levels. A non-faradaic chronoamperometry technique is used to measure the current changes associated with interactions of the target biomarkers with their specific enzyme. The specificity performance of the biosensing platform was established in the presence of cortisol as the non-specific molecule. Biosensing performance of the platform in a continuous mode performed over a 1.5-h duration showed a stable current response to cumulative lifestyle biomarker concentrations with capability to distinguish reliably between low, mid, and high concentration ranges of alcohol (0.1, 25, 100 mg/dL), glucose (0.1, 10, 50 mg/dL), and lactate (1, 50, 100 mM). The low detection limits and a broader dynamic range for the lifestyle biomarker detection are quantified in this research demonstrating its suitability for translation into a wearable device.
Compiling for stream processing (2006)

This paper describes a compiler for stream programs that efficiently schedules computational kernels and stream memory operations, and allocates on-chip storage. Our compiler uses information about the program structure and estimates of kernel and memory operation execution times to overlap kernel execution with memory transfers, maximizing performance, and to optimize use of scarce on-chip memory, significantly reducing external memory bandwidth. Our compiler applies optimizations such as strip-mining, loop unrolling, and software pipelining, at the level of kernels and stream memory operations. We evaluate the performance of our compiler on a suite of media and scientific benchmarks. Our results show that compiler management of on-chip storage reduces external memory bandwidth by 35% to 93% and reduces execution time by 23% to 72% compared to cachelike LRU management of the same storage. We show that strip-mining stream applications enables producer-consumer locality to be captured in on-chip storage reducing external bandwidth by 50% to 80%. We also evaluate the sensitivity of performance to the scheduling methods used and to critical resources. Overall, our compiler is able to overlap memory operations and manage local storage so that 78% to 96% of program execution time is spent in running computational kernels.
Real-time energy management with improved cost-capacity tradeoff (2017)

The present paper studies online energy management for smart microgrids with the presence of renewable energy resources and energy storages. For the problem at hand, the recent popular approach relies on the Stochastic Dual subGradient (SDG) method. Although SDG enjoys efficient implementation and provable convergence, it generally requires the battery capacity O(1/μ) to guarantee an O(μ)-optimal solution. To overcome this limitation, we develop an Online Learning-Aided Management (OLAM) scheme for energy management, which incorporates the statistical learning advances into realtime energy management. To facilitate real-time implementation of the proposed scheme, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) method is also leveraged to solve the involved subproblems in a distributed fashion. It is analytically established that the proposed OLAM incurs an O(μ) optimality gap, while only requiring the battery with capacity O(log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (μ)√(μ)). Numerical tests corroborate that OLAM incurs slightly lower average cost than that of SDG, when requiring battery with significantly lower capacity.
Effect of amine-modified boron nitride (BN) on ammonium perchlorate decomposition (2016)

Diagram of process for accelerated decomposition of ammonium perchlorate salt using amine modified BN ribbbons. Nucleophilic amine functional groups on the surface of the BN intercepts protons from cation of AP during low temperature decomposition.
Pharmacokinetics of prednisolone sodium succinate and its metabolites in normovolemic and hypovolemic dogs (1985)

Tritium-labeled prednisolone sodium succinate was administered IV to 4 healthy, awake, nonsplenectomized dogs. The concentration of prednisolone and its metabolites in the plasma were measured for 10 hours. Forty-one percent of the blood volume of these dogs was removed, and plasma prednisolone was measured again. The data before and after hemorrhage were fitted to a 2-compartment open model. From plasma profiles, a rapid distributional phase, followed by a slower phase, was observed in control and shock groups. Volume of the central compartment of prednisolone before and after hemorrhage was 165 ml/kg of body weight and 110 ml/kg, respectively; and the difference was significant (P less than 0.05). The rate of total body clearance of prednisolone before and after hemorrhage was 3.96 ml/min/kg and 2.53 ml/min/kg, respectively; the difference was significant. The mean plasma half-lives for prednisolone sodium succinate and its metabolites, before and after hemorrhage, were 166 and 197 minutes, respectively; the difference was not significant. The mean half-life data indicated that prednisolone sodium succinate may be repeated in a patient 2.5 to 3 hours after onset of treatment if signs of hypovolemic shock reappear.
Vertical Spot Size Converter with 0.06dB/facet coupling loss using 2.5%&#x0394; silica-based waveguide (2009)

A vertical spot size converter (SSC) with vertically tapered structure was made by using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and a shadow mask. With the vertical SSC, a coupling loss between 2.5%Delta waveguide and a single mode fiber (SMF) was decreased to 0.06 dB/facet, drastically.
Table S3 from Theranostic Radiolabeled Anti-CD20 sdAb for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Ex vivo biodistribution of 14 anti-hCD20 sdAbs and non-target control sdAb (ctrl sdAb), radiolabeled with 99mTc, in hCD20 B16 tumor mouse models. Results are expressed as % IA/g {plus minus} SD (n = 3 per SdAb). T/M: Tumor-to-Muscle ratio; T/B: Tumor-to-Blood ratio.&lt;/p&gt;
Resonant plasma converter for neutral atom analyzer (1999)

Abstract A resonant plasma coiwerter for an atomie particie analyzer, created for an open magnetic trap AMBAL-M, is presented. A flow of charge-exchange atoms from the main plasma passes through a hydrogen plasma target, where they undergo partially the resonant charge-exchange and are transformed into posilive ions. High efficiency of the charge conversion in a wide energy range is reached, pollution of the main plasma by heavy impurities is excluded, the analyzed particles do not lose energy on acauiring the electric charge. The formed ion flow is analyzed for energy by a 30° electrostatic analyzer, and after accelerations are registered by a multichannel deteetor made on the MCP basis. Experimental researches of the plasma converter have shown that the chosen plasma are source providcs a controlled change of the target linear density in the range of (0.2–2) 1014cm−2 at low ion temperature and Frank Condon atomie concentration of hydrogen. It permits to reach high transformation efficiency of atoms into positivc ions in the energy range of 20 20000eV, limited from below by an ion scattering process in the plasma target. Key Words: Charge-exchange neutralsenergy analysision distribution functionplasma converter
Porous Silicon Nitride from Fine/Coarse Powder Mixture (2008)

Porous silicon nitride was sintered from powder mixtures of fme and coarse grain powders, and the relationship of porosity and mechanical properties was studied. the shape of the pore was equiaxial with the typical diameter of 8 pm. the bending strength and the elastic modulus of the specimen with 30% porosity were 250 MPa and 145 GPa, respectively. the weight increase by oxidation at 1400°C in air showed saturation within 10 hours of the specimen with sintering agent of Y2O3 + Al2O3, whereas that of Yb2O3 + SiO2 did not show saturation after 50 hours.
New strategies for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the importance of targeted therapies for heart failure phenotypes (2014)

The management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF) has improved significantly over the last two decades. In contrast, little or no progress has been made in identifying evidence-based, effective treatments for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF). Despite the high prevalence, mortality, and cost of HF-PEF, large phase III international clinical trials investigating interventions to improve outcomes in HF-PEF have yielded disappointing results. Therefore, treatment of HF-PEF remains largely empiric, and almost no acknowledged standards exist. There is no single explanation for the negative results of past HF-PEF trials. Potential contributors include an incomplete understanding of HF-PEF pathophysiology, the heterogeneity of the patient population, inadequate diagnostic criteria, recruitment of patients without true heart failure or at early stages of the syndrome, poor matching of therapeutic mechanisms and primary pathophysiological processes, suboptimal study designs, or inadequate statistical power. Many novel agents are in various stages of research and development for potential use in patients with HF-PEF. To maximize the likelihood of identifying effective therapeutics for HF-PEF, lessons learned from the past decade of research should be applied to the design, conduct, and interpretation of future trials. This paper represents a synthesis of a workshop held in Bergamo, Italy, and it examines new and emerging therapies in the context of specific, targeted HF-PEF phenotypes where positive clinical benefit may be detected in clinical trials. Specific considerations related to patient and endpoint selection for future clinical trials design are also discussed.
VERIFICATION METHODOLOGY FOR FAULT-TOLERANT, FAIL-SAFE COMPUTERS APPLIED TO MAGLEV CONTROL COMPUTER SYSTEMS (1993)

The Maglev control computer system should be designed to verifiably possess high reliability and safety as well as high availability to make Maglev a dependable and attractive transportation alternative to the public. A Maglev computer system has been designed using a design-for-validation methodology developed earlier under NASA and SDIO sponsorship for real-time aerospace applications. The present study starts by defining the maglev mission scenario and ends with the definition of a maglev control computer architecture. Key intermediate steps included definitions of functional and dependability requirements, synthesis of two candidate architectures, development of qualitative and quantitative evaluation criteria, and analytical modeling of the dependability characteristics of the two architectures. Finally, the applicability of the design-for-validation methodology was also illustrated by applying it to the German Transrapid TR07 maglev control system.\n
Localization and transient emission properties in InGaN/GaN quantum wells of different polarities within core–shell nanorods (2018)

Transient photoluminescence (PL) characteristics and localization phenomena in InGaN/GaN core-shell nanorods (NRs) were investigated from 6 K up to 285 K. The NRs exhibit three well-defined PL bands in the near-UV, blue, and green range ascribed to the emission of quantum well (QW) areas situated at the (1.00) sidewalls, (10.1) top facets, and (00.1) tip, respectively. At low temperature, time-resolved PL shows a fast decay time of about 0.5 ns for the semi- and non-polar QWs, while the polar QWs exhibit at least a twice-longer time. Rapid delocalization of carriers above 50 K indicates shallow potential fluctuations in the QWs. At room temperature, the characteristic fast PL decay time of the three QW bands stabilizes around 300 ps. The slow decaying PL components have different characteristic decay times that are explained by additional localization at basal stacking faults (BSFs), taking into account the quantum confined Stark effect. In addition, narrow excitonic luminescence lines are observed in the BSF-enriched polar QWs, providing direct evidence of the impact of the BSF/QW crossings on the optical properties of the NRs. A PL rise time of about 100 ps does not show any deviation between bands. These findings are suggestive of similar transport mechanisms in temperature equilibrium without inter-facet transport between different QWs. We believe that predictable transient characteristics can play a key role in creating uniform NR ensembles for device applications.
Anomalous Hall effect measurements of domain writing and erasure in magneto-optic thin-films (1990)

The thermomagnetic writing and erasure of submicron domains has been observed in a magneto-optic thin film using the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) voltage generated within the medium itself. A TbFeCo film has been photolithographically patterned to form a cross-shaped Hall geometry a few microns across. The AHE voltage, proportional to a weighted average of the transition metal magnetization within the cross, is affected by a laser pulse in two ways. First, the laser heats the film, reducing the magnitude of the magnetization. Secondly, the sign of the AHE voltage changes as the magnetization reverses within the written domain. A time resolution if 100 ns, has been obtained, and better than 10 ns resolution should be achievable. The technique has been used to make quantitative laser-induced writing as a function of laser pulse energy and external field.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dual Precursor Atmospheric Plasma Deposition of Transparent Bilayer Protective Coatings on Plastics (2015)

We demonstrate a dual organic and inorganic precursor method to deposit transparent organosilicate protective bilayer coatings on poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrates with atmospheric plasma deposition in ambient air. The bottom layer was a hybrid organosilicate adhesive layer deposited with dual organic 1,5-cyclooctadiene (CYC) and widely used inorganic tetraethoxysiline (TEOS) precursors. The selection of the organic CYC precursor allowed incorporation of a carbon chain in the organosilicate adhesive layer, which resulted in improved adhesion. The top layer was a dense silica coating with high Young's modulus and hardness deposited with TEOS. The deposited bilayer structure showed ∼100% transparency in the visible light wavelength region, twice the adhesion energy, and five times the Young's modulus of commercial polysiloxane sol-gel coatings.
Electroplated Diffusion Barriers for Flexible Photovoltaics (2011)

Abstract not Available.