gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Closed-loop control of impedance control network resonant DC-DC converter (2017)

This paper introduces a closed-loop control architecture for an impedance control network (ICN) resonant dc-dc converter that regulates the converter's output voltage while achieving soft-switching across wide operating ranges. This architecture is based on enhanced phase-shift control of the ICN converter, in which the inverter and rectifier phase-shifts are simultaneously controlled to regulate the converter's output voltage, while operating the inverters with zero-voltage and near-zero current switching. A new small-signal dynamic model for the ICN converter is introduced to facilitate the design of the closed-loop controller. An additional state-feedback component is incorporated in the control architecture to guarantee stability and achieve good dynamic performance across wide variations in input voltage and output power. This closed-loop control architecture successfully regulates the output voltage of a prototype step-down ICN converter that operates over an input voltage range of 18 V to 75 V, an output voltage of 12 V, and a 10:1 output power range. The prototype closed-loop controlled ICN converter achieves a peak efficiency of 95.7%, and maintains efficiencies above 91.7% across its 4:1 input voltage range.
Engineered Lung Tissues Prepared from Decellularized Lung Slices (2022)

There is a need for improved 3-dimensional (3D) lung models that recapitulate the architectural and cellular complexity of the native lung alveolus ex vivo. Recently developed organoid models have facilitated the expansion and study of lung epithelial progenitors in vitro, but these platforms typically rely on mouse tumor-derived matrix and/or serum, and incorporate just one or two cellular lineages. Here, we describe a protocol for generating engineered lung tissues (ELTs) based on the multi-lineage recellularization of decellularized precision-cut lung slices (PCLS). ELTs contain alveolar-like structures comprising alveolar epithelium, mesenchyme, and endothelium, within an extracellular matrix (ECM) substrate closely resembling that of native lung. To generate the tissues, rat lungs are inflated with agarose, sliced into 450 µm-thick slices, cut into strips, and decellularized. The resulting acellular ECM scaffolds are then reseeded with primary endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2s). AEC2s can be maintained in ELT culture for at least 7 days with a serum-free, chemically-defined growth medium. Throughout the tissue preparation and culture process, the slices are clipped into a cassette system that facilitates handling and standardized cell seeding of multiple ELTs in parallel. These ELTs represent an organotypic culture platform that should facilitate investigations of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions within the alveolus as well as biochemical signals regulating AEC2s and their niche.
Internuclear distance measurements in solid state nuclear magnetic resonance: Dipolar recoupling via rotor synchronized spin locking (1995)

The dipolar coupling in rotating solids, averaged to zero when the rotation is about the magic angle, can be reintroduced in the spin-locking interaction frame by rotor-synchronized 90° phase shifts of an applied spin-locking field. This new technique is an interaction frame analogue of previously proposed experiments. Because the spin-locking fields both truncate and play the role of the chemical shift terms in the Hamiltonian, this technique is insensitive to the chemical shifts as well as chemical shift anisotropies of the coupled spins. Through numerical simulations of the magnetization exchange trajectory (e.g., the mixing time dependence of the cross-peak intensity connecting two coupled spins), the through-space distance between two spin nuclei can be estimated. This technique can also be applied to obtain two-dimensional correlation spectra, or alternatively it can be used as a double-quantum filter. Preliminary experiments demonstrate that the cross peaks in the two-dimensional correlation spectra obtained with this technique have a ‘‘negative–positive–negative’’ pattern to the first, second, etc., coupled neighbor. This spectral feature is useful in the assignment of complex magic angle spinning spectra.
Development and Optimization of the Ford 3.5L V6 EcoBoost Combustion System (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Recently, Ford Motor Company announced the introduction of EcoBoost engines in its Ford, Lincoln and Mercury vehicles as an affordable fuel-saving option to millions of its customers. The EcoBoost engine is planned to start production in June of 2009 in the Lincoln MKS. The EcoBoost engine integrates direct fuel injection with turbocharging to significantly improve fuel economy via engine downsizing. An application of this technology bundle into a 3.5L V6 engine delivers up to 12% better drive cycle fuel economy and 15% lower emissions with comparable torque and power as a 5.4L V8 PFI engine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Combustion system performance is key to the success of the EcoBoost engine. A systematic methodology has been employed to develop the EcoBoost engine combustion system. Instead of a trial-and-error approach, the EcoBoost combustion system development was focused on the fundamental physics with emphasis on the optimization including injector spray pattern, piston geometry, and intake port design, and innovation of operating strategies. The development methodology was led by 3-dimensional CFD modeling together with experiments that used optical, single cylinder, and multi-cylinder engines. As a result, a higher quality design has been achieved through only a few hardware iterations.&lt;/div&gt;
Inter‐Aromatic Distances in Geobacter Sulfurreducens Pili Relevant to Biofilm Charge Transport (2015)

Geobacter sulfurreducens pili are ­implicated in facilitating electron transfer to electrode surfaces. Comparisons are made between the conductivity of pili and that of doped organic semi­conductors, invoking mechanisms such as “electron hopping” or “metallic conduction”. Ana­lysis of inter-aromatic distances in these pili models shows that charge-carrier transport involving only the π-conjugated system of GS pili is negligible. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW TYPE OF α‐N‐AMIDOALKYLATION OF HETEROAROMATIC BASES. MECHANISM OF THE OXIDATION OF THE N‐ACYLAMINOETHANOLS BY PEROXYDISULFATE (1985)

Abstract Die N‐Acylaminoethanole (I) reagieren in wäßriger Lösung bei der Oxidation mit Ammoniumperoxodisulfat in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen Silbernitrat mit Chinaldin (II) unter Einfuhrung der N‐Acylaminomethylgruppe zu den Produkten (III).
Binary Interactions in Coke Formation from Model Compounds and Asphaltenes (2013)

The effects of binary interactions on the coke yield and cracking kinetics in mixtures of model compounds were examined to understand the interactions present in multi-component mixtures, such as petroleum residues. Eight model compounds were selected with molecular weights in the range of 398–623 g/mol and structural elements to represent components of vacuum residues, including a pyrene substituted with four alkyl groups and pyrene derivatives tethered to various heterocycles via an ethano bridge. Thermogravimetric analysis of the binary mixtures showed evidence of three distinct modes of behavior with respect to the additive sum of the mass-weighted component contributions: the coke yield was (1) equal to the additive sum, (2) less than the additive sum, or (3) greater than the additive sum. The individual behavior correlated well with the type of compounds present in the specific mixtures and can be explained in terms of three types of interactions between the mixture components: radical stability or kinetic factors, association forces between the mixture components, and matrix effects. The apparent activation energies of cracking for the mixtures, on the other hand, showed complex behavior that sometimes followed the additivity contributions of the components but, on other occasions, was outside the bounds of activation energies of the pure compounds.
Operator-independent public user identities for IP multimedia communication services for enterprises (2011)

This paper describes usage of operator-independent Public user identities (PUI) for IP multimedia communication services for enterprises. This is a particular relevant topic for enterprises that wish to use their own domain name for public identification for (IMS based) communication services. Whereas usage of enterprises-specific domain names is common for services like mail and HTTP, it has some specific challenges for IMS based multimedia communication. These challenges include, among others: - uniform domain name for multimedia communication and other IP service, e.g. mail and http, without being tied to a single enterprise domain name administrator; - multi-IMS network subscription (within one country or across multiple countries); - non-country specific enterprise top level domain name (for example regional (e.g. .eu) or global (e.g. .com, .org) domain name); - real-time aspect of IMS services (as opposed to mail and http, which are not real-time). It is foreseen that flexibility in usage of operator-independent domain names will play an important role for uptake of IMS as communication enabler, especially for using 'name based URI'. This issue may have spin-off in the enterprise market and machine-to-machine market as well. Although the principle of operator-independent PUI is explained and elucidated within context of IMS, the principle is equally applicable for non-IMS IP multimedia networks. The present paper describes the dilemmas, describes the ongoing standardization work (3GPP; ETSI) and industry initiatives (GSMA) in this area and presents network architecture that offers solutions.
Employing SNMP to Manage Ubiquitous Environments (2005)

The vision of ubiquitous computing is becoming a reality now .Service discovery in ubiquitous environment, as well as adding semantics to the data is quite established. But, not many researchers have thought about the management of these devices. We envisage that by integrating SNMP with service discovery protocols, we could leverage the use of management factors (like performance, fault and security management etc) in the business, organizations, and other multi-user environments.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOREDUCTION AT ILLUMINATED P‐TYPE SEMICONDUCTING SILICON PHOTOELECTRODES. EVIDENCE FOR FERMI LEVEL PINNING (1980)

Abstract p‐Leitendes Si kann als Photokathode die Reduktion einer Reihe von Spezies (N,N′‐Dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium (PQ2 ), PQ" , Ru(bpy)ä , Ru(bpy);′ und Ru(bpy)′3′) bei Potentialen, die N 500 mV positiver sind als an einer reversiblen Elektrode im Dunkeln, erzwingen.
21 (2012)

Introduction: Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is a devastating complication of acute critical illness and one of the leading causes of multiple organ failure and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). Early detection of ALI is essential for timely implementation of evidence-based therapies and enrollment into clinical trials. Hypothesis: In this work, we tested a mathematical model utilizing knowledge inferred from clinicians and electronic medical record (EMR) data for the early detection of ALI. Methods: Clinical knowledge sources, including physicians’ experience in critical care medicine, published research and standards, were translated into three complementary mathematical algorithms: rule-based fuzzy inference system, Bayesian network, and finite state machine. Patterns of ALI development expressed in EMR data were also captured by three data-mining algorithms: log-likelihood ratio, Lempel-Ziv complexity, and logistic regression. Finally, a linear discriminant analysis was used to aggregate the output of the aforementioned six algorithms into a single continuous ALI development indicator. The proposed model was trained on EMR data from a population-based sample of 506 (206 ALI, 300 Controls) critically ill patients treated in medical and surgical ICUs at Mayo Clinic, Rochester. Two independent reviewers retrospectively determined the gold standard ALI diagnosis according to the American-European Consensus criteria. The proposed model was tested on an independent validation dataset of 3889 (31 ALI, 3858 Controls) patients from the same ICUs. Model performance was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV). Results: The model achieved 87% sensitivity, 83% specificity and 36% PPV (adjusted to 10% ALI prevalence) in detecting ALI. The ALI model’s detection rate outperforms the current clinical detection rate (87% vs. 30%). In addition, 70% of model-detected ALI cases were identified before the gold standard ALI onset time, a median of 4.9 (IQR: 0.9-31.8) hours early. Conclusions: This mathematical inference model accurately detects early ALI development in critically ill patients and may facilitate early treatment and prevention of ALI and enrollment into time-sensitive clinical trials.
Macrocyclic Pyridyl Polyoxazoles: Structure-Activity Studies of the Aminoalkyl Side-Chain on G-Quadruplex Stabilization and Cytotoxic Activity (2013)

Pyridyl polyoxazoles are 24-membered macrocyclic lactams comprised of a pyridine, four oxazoles and a phenyl ring. A derivative having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl chain attached to the 5-position of the phenyl ring was recently identified as a selective G-quadruplex stabilizer with excellent cytotoxic activity, and good in vivo anticancer activity against a human breast cancer xenograft in mice. Here we detail the synthesis of eight new dimethylamino-substituted pyridyl polyoxazoles in which the point of attachment to the macrocycle, as well as the distance between the amine and the macrocycle are varied. Each compound was evaluated for selective G-quadruplex stabilization and cytotoxic activity. The more active analogs have the amine either directly attached to, or separated from the phenyl ring by two methylene groups. There is a correlation between those macrocycles that are effective ligands for the stabilization of G-quadruplex DNA (DT(tran) 15.5-24.6 °C) and cytotoxicity as observed in the human tumor cell lines, RPMI 8402 (IC₅₀ 0.06-0.50 μM) and KB3-1 (IC₅₀ 0.03-0.07 μM). These are highly selective G-quadruplex stabilizers, which should prove especially useful for evaluating both in vitro and in vivo mechanism(s) of biological activity associated with G-quaqdruplex ligands.
Formation of Apatite Coatings on Chemically Bonded Ceramics (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Conclusions
Lymphoma regression induced by monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies correlates with their ability to induce Ig signal transduction and is not prevented by tumor expression of high levels of bcl-2 protein (1994)

Custom-made monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies (anti-Id MoAbs) have been tested as a treatment modality in 34 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients. Partial or complete tumor remissions have been induced with this treatment in 68% of these patients. One mechanism by which anti-idiotype antibodies may have induced these tumor responses is via a direct antiproliferative effect on the tumor cells, resulting in apoptosis. Primary NHL cells do not proliferate well enough in vitro to test this hypothesis directly. Therefore, we studied the effect of anti-idiotype antibodies on signal transduction through the surface Ig receptor as measured by the induction of cellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation. To assess whether bcl-2 protein could protect lymphoma cells from death induced by anti-Id MoAb, we also measured the level of bcl-2 protein in the same tumor cells. We found a strong correlation between the ability of an anti-Id MoAb to induce an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation in vitro and its ability to induce a tumor regression in the patient. By contrast, the level of bcl-2 expressed by the tumor cells was not correlated with clinical response to anti-Id MoAb treatment.
Convergent Bregman Plug-and-Play Image Restoration for Poisson Inverse Problems (2023)

Plug-and-Play (PnP) methods are efficient iterative algorithms for solving ill-posed image inverse problems. PnP methods are obtained by using deep Gaussian denoisers instead of the proximal operator or the gradient-descent step within proximal algorithms. Current PnP schemes rely on data-fidelity terms that have either Lipschitz gradients or closed-form proximal operators, which is not applicable to Poisson inverse problems. Based on the observation that the Gaussian noise is not the adequate noise model in this setting, we propose to generalize PnP using theBregman Proximal Gradient (BPG) method. BPG replaces the Euclidean distance with a Bregman divergence that can better capture the smoothness properties of the problem. We introduce the Bregman Score Denoiser specifically parametrized and trained for the new Bregman geometry and prove that it corresponds to the proximal operator of a nonconvex potential. We propose two PnP algorithms based on the Bregman Score Denoiser for solving Poisson inverse problems. Extending the convergence results of BPG in the nonconvex settings, we show that the proposed methods converge, targeting stationary points of an explicit global functional. Experimental evaluations conducted on various Poisson inverse problems validate the convergence results and showcase effective restoration performance.
Spinal Surgery in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: Construct Failure and Progressive Deformity (2004)

Patients with Parkinson's disease undergoing spine surgery in a single tertiary referral center had a very high reoperation rate associated with technical complications. Patients should be appropriately counseled regarding the increased risk of operative complications and closely followed for incipient failure.
Update on dual antiplatelet therapy for percutaneous coronary intervention (2009)

Platelet activation is central in the vascular response to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In addition, patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly those with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), have pre-existing platelet hyper-reactivity. Together, these are among the factors that predispose to stent thrombosis (ST). Thus, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT), which consists of aspirin and a thienopyridine, forms the cornerstone of pharmacotherapy following PCI with the goal of reducing ST, as well as ischaemic events related to the underlying CAD. Adherence to DAT, and the need for a longer duration of treatment, has become even more important for patients receiving drug-eluting stents (DES), as concerns have been raised regarding the increased risk of very late ST (>1 year) with the current generation of stents.1 Table 1 summarises the most recent guidelines on DAT following PCI which have been jointly published by the American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA) and Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI).2 3 Despite the routine use of clopidogrel, there is uncertainty about the optimal timing, dose and duration of thienopyridine therapy, and there is a lack of consensus on the management of patients requiring non-cardiac surgery or chronic anticoagulation while being treated with DAT.

View this table:

Table 1 ACC/AHA/SCAI recommendations for the use of antiplatelet agents in patients requiring PCI2 3 

Although current practice in many parts of the world is to administer clopidogrel in the catheterisation laboratory at the time of ad hoc PCI, several clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of pretreatment (table 2).4–8 Overall, the data suggest a potential benefit of pretreatment with the 300 mg loading dose, though both PCI-CURE and PCI-CLARITY represent analyses in which the decision to perform PCI was made after randomisation to the two loading strategies. It appears that a 300 mg clopidogrel loading dose needs to be administered at least 6 h prior to …
STAPLER: Efficient learning of TCR-peptide specificity prediction from full-length TCR-peptide data (2023)

Abstract The prediction of peptide-MHC (pMHC) recognition by αβ T-cell receptors (TCRs) remains a major biomedical challenge. Here, we develop STAPLER (Shared TCR And Peptide Language bidirectional Encoder Representations from transformers), a transformer language model that uses a joint TCRαβ- peptide input to allow the learning of patterns within and between TCRαβ and peptide sequences that encode recognition. First, we demonstrate how data leakage during negative data generation can confound performance estimates of neural network-based models in predicting TCR – pMHC specificity. We then demonstrate that, because of its pre-training and fine-tuning masked language modeling tasks, STAPLER outperforms both neural network-based and distance-based ML models in predicting the recognition of known antigens in an independent dataset, in particular for antigens for which little related data is available. Based on this ability to efficiently learn from limited labeled TCR- peptide data, STAPLER is well-suited to utilize growing TCR – pMHC datasets to achieve accurate prediction of TCR – pMHC specificity.
A study of single-crystal silicon diodes integrated on flexible substrates using conductive adhesives (2012)

In this study, we investigated the possibility of fabricating flexible single-crystal Si-Pd diodes on polymer substrates using silver-filled conductive tape or epoxy. This simple technique mitigates the complexity of process-intensive metal-bonding schemes to achieve backside electrical contacts on semiconductor devices. The performance of such devices is evaluated while bent to a 1.2 cm radius of curvature. The longer-term stability of the devices fabricated is also briefly discussed.
HyFlex Flipping (2021)

In today’s world, flexible teaching and learning is very important. Hybrid-Flexible (HyFlex) course models where students can take a course in person and/or online, and seamlessly move between the two modalities, are very likely the wave of the future. This chapter describes ways to create a student-centered HyFlex course using a Flipped teaching model (HyFlexFlip or HFF). Pre-class video lectures support active learning problem-solving (live in person, live online, or asynchronous online).
Fabrication and process characterization of atom transistor chips (2009)

This paper describes the design and fabrication of an atom chip for atom tunneling experiments. A fabrication process was developed that uses a combination of UV-optical and Electron-Beam lithography to pattern micrometer and nanometer scale copper wires on a single chip. The minimum wire width fabricated in this work is 200 nm. The wires can carry current densities of more than 7.5times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The electrical current tests establish the feasibility of realizing chip-based atom tunneling experiments.