gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Rate-Splitting for Secrecy Sum-Rate Enhancement in Multi-antenna Broadcast Channels (2020)

In this paper, we employ Cooperative Rate-Splitting (CRS) technique to enhance the Secrecy Sum Rate (SSR) for the Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) Broadcast Channel (BC), consisting of two legitimate users and one eavesdropper, with perfect Channel State Information (CSI) available at all nodes. For CRS based on the three-node relay channel, the transmitter splits and encodes the messages of legitimate users into common and private streams based on Rate-Splitting (RS). With the goal of maximizing SSR, the proposed CRS strategy opportunistically asks the relaying legitimate user to forward its decoded common message. During the transmission, the eavesdropper keeps wiretapping silently. To ensure secure transmission, the common message is used for the dual purpose, serving both as a desired message and Artificial Noise (AN) without consuming extra transmit power comparing to the conventional AN design. Taking into account the total power constraint and the Physical Layer (PHY) security, the precoders and time-slot allocation are jointly optimized by solving the non-convex SSR maximization problem based on Sequential Convex Approximation (SCA) algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed CRS secure transmission scheme outperforms existing Multi-User Linear Precoding (MU-LP) and Cooperative Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (C-NOMA) strategies. Therefore, CRS is a promising strategy to enhance the PHY security in multi-antenna BC systems.
Identification of a protein S-interactive site within the A2 domain of the factor VIII heavy chain (2009)

We have recently demonstrated that protein S impairs the intrinsic tenase complex, independent of activated protein C, in competitive interactions between the A2 and A3 domains of factor VIIIa and factor IXa. In the present study, we have identified a protein S-interactive site in the A2 domain of factor VIIIa. Anti-A2 monoclonal antibody recognising a factor IXa-functional region (residues 484-509) on A2, and synthetic peptide inhibited the A2 binding to protein S by approximately 60% and approximately 70%, respectively, in solid-phase binding assays. The 484-509 peptide directly bound to protein S dose-dependently. Covalent cross-linking was observed between the 484-509 peptide and protein S following reaction with EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide). The cross-linked adduct was consistent with 1:1 stoichiometry of reactants. Cross-linking formation was blocked by addition of the 484-497 peptide, but not by the 498-509 peptide. Furthermore, N-terminal sequence analysis of the 484-509 peptide-protein S adduct showed that three sequential residues (S488, R489, and R490) in A2 were not identified, suggesting that these residues participate in cross-link formation. Mutant A2 molecules where these residues were converted to alanine were evaluated for the binding of protein S. The S488A, R489A, and R490A mutants demonstrated approximately four-fold lower affinity than wild-type A2. These results indicate that the 484-509 region in the A2 domain of factor VIIIa, in particular sequential residues at positions 488-490, contributes to a unique protein S-interactive site.
RB-mediated tumor suppression of a lung cancer cell line is abrogated by an extract enriched in extracellular matrix. (1993)

To examine whether the expression of retinoblastoma (RB) protein could mediate tumor suppression in a lung carcinoma cell line carrying multiple genetic defects, we transfected the Rb gene into a non-small cell lung cancer cell line with absent RB protein. We observed that the stable expression of a functional RB product was associated with a decreased efficiency of soft agar cloning and partial suppression of tumorigenicity in nude mice. The suppression of tumorigenicity was marked when 10(6) cells were injected into the flanks of nude mice but was less prominent when 10(7) cells were injected. RB-mediated tumor suppression, however, was consistently blocked by preincubation of the transfected cells with an extract enriched with an extracellular matrix (Matrigel). Analysis of tumors harvested from nude mice showed that they continued to express detectable levels of human RB protein which retained functional E1A binding activity and nuclear localization. RB-mediated inhibition of soft agar cloning was also blocked in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of Matrigel. These observations demonstrate that the expression of wild-type RB may suppress certain parameters of tumorigenicity in lung carcinoma cells that contain multiple genetic alterations. In addition, the reversal of tumor suppression by an extract enriched in basement membrane components may offer clues for further investigations into the mechanism of RB-mediated tumor suppression.
Joint User Grouping and Transceiver Design in a MIMO Interfering Broadcast Channel (2013)

Consider a MIMO multi-cellular network (also known as an interfering broadcast channel) where each base station transmits signals to the users in its own cell. The basic problem is to design linear transmit/receive beamformers and schedule users across a fixed set of time slots so as to maximize the system throughput in the presence of both inter and intra cell interference. In this paper, we propose a joint linear transceiver design and user grouping scheme for sum utility maximization that is based on iterative minimization of weighted mean squared error (MSE). The proposed algorithm only needs local channel knowledge and its convergence to a stationary point is guaranteed for some well-known utility functions, while ensuring user fairness. The simulation results show that the proposed formulation/algorithm can offer significantly higher system throughput than the standard multi-user MIMO techniques such as the SVD-MMSE strategy, while maintaining user fairness. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm exhibits fast convergence and is amenable to distributed implementation with limited information exchange.
L2.1: Late‐News Paper: A 4.5‐in. Fully Sealed Carbon Nanotube‐Based Field‐Emission Flat‐Panel Display (1999)

Abstract A 4.5‐inch fully sealed flat panel display has been fabricated using a carbon nanotube‐organic vehicle composite. The turn‐on field of 1 V/μm and field emission current of 1.5mA at 3 V/μm were observed (J = 4.3 mA/cm 2 ). Field emission uniformity has been measured with the phosphor on ITO glass as an anode. Brightness of 450 cd/m 2 at 3.7 V/μm was observed. The fluctuation of the current was found to be less than 7% over a 4.5‐inch cathode area on 132 lines addressable diode type display.
Activation of ectopic olfactory receptor 544 induces GLP-1 secretion and regulates gut inflammation (2021)

Olfactory receptors are ectopically expressed in extra-nasal tissues. The gut is constantly exposed to high levels of odorants where ectopic olfactory receptors may play critical roles. Activation of ectopic olfactory receptor 544 (Olfr544) by azelaic acid (AzA), an Olfr544 ligand, reduces adiposity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) by regulating fuel preference to fats. Herein, we investigated the novel function of Olfr544 in the gut. In GLUTag cells, AzA induces the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling axis and increases the secretion of GLP-1, an enteroendocrine hormone with anti-obesity effects. In mice fed a HFD and orally administered AzA, GLP-1 plasma levels were elevated in mice. The induction of GLP-1 secretion was negated in cells with Olfr544 gene knockdown and in Olfr544-deficient mice. Gut microbiome analysis revealed that AzA increased the levels of <i>Bacteroides acidifaciens</i> and microbiota associated with antioxidant pathways. In fecal metabolomics analysis, the levels of succinate and trehalose, metabolites correlated with a lean phenotype, were elevated by AzA. The function of Olfr544 in gut inflammation, a key feature in obesity, was further investigated. In RNA sequencing analysis, AzA suppressed LPS-induced activation of inflammatory pathways and reduced TNF-α and IL-6 expression, thereby improving intestinal permeability. The effects of AzA on the gut metabolome, microbiome, and colon inflammation were abrogated in Olfr544-KO mice. These results collectively demonstrated that activation of Olfr544 by AzA in the gut exerts multiple effects by regulating GLP-1 secretion, gut microbiome and metabolites, and colonic inflammation in anti-obesogenic phenotypes and, thus, may be applied for obesity therapeutics.
Resolving the Heat of Trimethylaluminum and Water Atomic Layer Deposition Half-Reactions (2022)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a surface synthesis technique that is characterized by self-limiting reactions between gas-phase precursors and a solid substrate. Although ALD processes have been demonstrated that span the periodic table, a greater understanding of the surface chemistry that affords ALD is necessary to enable greater precision, including area- and site-selective growth. We offer new insight into the thermodynamics and kinetics of the trimethylaluminum (TMA) and H<sub>2</sub>O ALD half-reactions with calibrated and time-resolved in situ pyroelectric calorimetry. The half-reactions produce 3.46 and 2.76 eV/Al heat, respectively, which is greater than the heat predicted by computational models based on crystalline Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> substrates and closely aligned with the heat predicted by standard heats of formation. The pyroelectric thin-film calorimeter offers submillisecond temporal resolution that uniquely and clearly resolves precursor delivery and reaction kinetics. Both half-reactions are observed to exhibit multiple kinetic rates, with average TMA half-reaction rates at least 2 orders of magnitude faster than the H<sub>2</sub>O half-reaction kinetics. Comparing the experimental heat with published computational literature and additional first-principles modeling highlights the need to refine our models and mechanistic understanding of even the most ubiquitous ALD reactions.
Path Diversity in Packet Switched Networks: Performance Analysis and Rate Allocation (2007)

Path diversity works by setting up multiple parallel connections between the end points using the topological path redundancy of the network. In this paper, forward error correction (FEC) is applied across multiple independent paths to enhance the end-to-end reliability. Internet paths are modeled as erasure Gilbert-Elliot channels. First, it is shown that over any erasure channel, maximum distance separable (MDS) codes achieve the minimum probability of irrecoverable loss among all block codes of the same size. Then, we prove the probability of irrecoverable loss decays exponentially for the asymptotically large number of paths. Moreover, it is shown that in the optimal rate allocation, each path is assigned a positive rate iff its quality is above a certain threshold. The quality of a path is defined as the percentage of the time it spends in the bad state. Finally, using dynamic programming, a heuristic suboptimal algorithm with polynomial runtime is proposed for rate allocation over the available paths. This algorithm converges to the asymptotically optimal rate allocation when the number of paths is large. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm approximates the optimal rate allocation very closely, and provides significant performance improvement compared to the alternative schemes of rate allocation.
Transparent redundancy in the time-triggered architecture (2002)

The time-triggered architecture is an architecture for distributed embedded real-time systems in high dependability applications. The core element of the architecture is the time-triggered communications protocol TTP/C. This paper shows how TTP/C can be extended by a fault-tolerance layer that performs those functions that are necessary for the implementation of application redundancy. The hardware/software interface of the host computer where the application software is executing, is not changed, neither in the value domain, nor in the temporal domain, by this implementation of fault-tolerance in the communications system. Provided the application software has been properly organized it is thus possible to implement application redundancy transparently, i.e., without any modification of the function and timing of the application system. The paper also discusses the experiences gained from a prototype implementation of the fault-tolerance layer in the microprogram of a TTP/C controller chip.
Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D Synthase Is Associated With Coronary Vasospasm and Vasomotor Reactivity in Response to Acetylcholine (2011)

The L-PGDS level was elevated in patients with VSA and was associated with epicardial coronary vasomotion in response to ACh.
Laser Processing of Discontinuously Reinforced Aluminum Composites (1992)

Abstract : Discontinuously reinforced aluminum (DRA) composites have attractive potential as engineering materials due to the combination of good mechanical properties and relatively low cost; however utilization of these composites requires improved machining and joining procedures. In this study, the feasibility of laser cutting and laser beam welding of DRA composites was investigated. It was found that the DRA composites could be cut at rates faster than that of unreinforced aluminum. The SiC and Al203 reinforcement materials absorbed more energy than the monolithic aluminum at the C02 laser beam wavelength of 10.6 micrometers. The improved energy absorption leads to an increase in laser cutting rates and greater weld penetration over unreinforced aluminum, except in the case of silicon carbide whisker reinforced composites. The formation of aluminum carbide and the difficulties in removing the viscous dross lead to a lower cutting rate than of unreinforced aluminum. The focus of the laser beam welding experimentation dealt with eliminating the formation of aluminum carbide by filler metal additions. Appropriate filler metals and their respective carbides were analyzed for thermodynamic stability and compatibility in the weld. A computer program that determines the equilibrium of chemical systems was employed to predict the amount of titanium necessary to prevent the formation of aluminum carbide in the fusion zone of a Al/SiC/20 composite. The analysis determined that a 22 wt% addition of titanium to the fusion zone was necessary to prevent the formation of aluminum carbide. Laser processing, Composites, Reinforced aluminum, Machining joining, Cutting welding, DRA.
In vitro bactericidal activity of levonadifloxacin (WCK 771) against methicillin- and quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms (2019)

These results show that levonadifloxacin has an improved bactericidal effect on biofilm-embedded quinolone-resistant S. aureus and meticillin-resistant S. aureus, and that it can be a promising treatment option for such infections.
Compact, Automated, Frequency-Agile Microspectrofluorimeter (1995)

Compact, reliable, rugged, automated cell-culture and frequency-agile microspectrofluorimetric apparatus developed to perform experiments involving photometric imaging observations of single live cells. In original application, apparatus operates mostly unattended aboard spacecraft; potential terrestrial applications include automated or semiautomated diagnosis of pathological tissues in clinical laboratories, biomedical instrumentation, monitoring of biological process streams, and portable instrumentation for testing biological conditions in various environments. Offers obvious advantages over present laboratory instrumentation.
“A Systematic, Orderly, and Unusually Intelligent Fight” (2021)

Playing off the national debate over the consistency of imposing
Aspects cellulaires et moléculaires de l'émergence des cellules souches hématopoïétiques : implication de RUNX1/AML1 (2005)

In the vertebrate embryo, the ventral wall of the aorta is the major site of Haematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) production. HSC, which are at the basis of the adult blood cells hierarchy, are generated from Endothelial Cells (EC) through a complex cascade of molecular events. The transcription factor RUNX1/AML1 and its cofactor CBFbeta, disrupted in 20 % of acute myeloid leukaemia cases, are thought to control this process. A detailed gene expression analysis of RUNX1 and its associated factors in the chick embryo, prompted us to speculate on the molecular cascades involved in HSC production. The function of RUNX1 is however tightly regulated at several levels, rendering analysis through classical genetic approaches very difficult to manage. To offer new possibilities of investigation, we have designed a technique to target the blood forming system in vivo. Gene transfer was achieved by lipofection following delivery by intra-cardiac injection in the avian embryo. This method was optimised to allow a wide range of functional analysis, either by gain or loss of function, in a simple and efficient manner. In combination with experimental advantages of the avian embryo, this new system of genetic analysis allows us to perform a detailed study of RUNX1 function in HSC production from EC.
Picosecond ionization dynamics in femtosecond filaments at high pressures (2017)

We investigate the plasma dynamics inside a femtosecond-pulse-induced filament generated in an argon gas for a wide range of pressures up to 60 bar. At higher pressures, we observe ionization immediately following a pulse, with up to a threefold increase in the electron density within 30 ps after the filamentary propagation of a femtosecond pulse. Our study suggests that this picosecond evolution can be attributed to collisional ionization including Penning and associative ionizations and electron-impact ionization of excited atoms generated during the pulse. The dominance of excited atoms over ionized atoms at the end of the pulse also indicates an intrapulse inhibition of avalanche ionization. This delayed ionization dynamics provides evidence for diagnosing atomic and molecular excitation and ionization in intense laser interaction with high-pressure gases.
Room-Temperature Phosphorescence and Low-Energy Induced Direct Triplet Excitation of Alq3 Engineered Crystals (2020)

Crystal engineering is a practical approach for tailoring material properties. This approach has been widely studied for modulating optical and electrical properties of semiconductors. However, the properties of organic molecular crystals are difficult to control following a similar engineering route. In this Letter, we demonstrate that engineered crystals of Alq<sub>3</sub> and Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub> complexes, which are commonly used in organic light-emitting technologies, possess intriguing functional properties. Specifically, these structures not only process efficient low-energy induced triplet excitation directly from the ground state of Alq<sub>3</sub> but also can show strong emission at the Alq<sub>3</sub> triplet energy level at room temperatures. We associate these phenomena with local deformations of the host matrix around the guest molecules, which in turn lead to a stronger host-guest triplet-triplet coupling and spin-orbital mixing.
Reactive Distillation for Multiple Reaction Systems (2013)

Abstract Die Reaktivdestillation (RD) wird gegenwärtig vor allem zur Umsatzsteigerung in gleichgewichtslimitierten Reaktionssystemen verwendet, die häufig nur eine Hauptreaktion aufweisen. Diese Arbeit hingegen beschäftigt sich mit dem Einsatz der RD in chemischen Systemen mit mehr als einer Hauptreaktion. In solchen Multi‐Reaktionssystemen ist nicht nur der Umsatz der Edukte, sondern auch die Selektivität des Zielprodukts durch das chemische Gleichgewicht begrenzt. Ungeachtet, ob das Zielprodukt als Zwischenprodukt oder nach mehreren aufeinanderfolgenden Reaktionen gebildet wird, kann die RD zur Überwindung solcher Selektivitätslimitierungen beitragen. Dieses Potenzial wird am Beispiel der konsekutiven Umesterung von Dimethylcarbonat mit Ethanol untersucht. Die Ergebnisse umfassender experimenteller Studien in einer Technikumskolonne werden präsentiert, um den Einfluss entscheidender Betriebsparameter auf das Prozessverhalten zu untersuchen.
Reservoir Fluid Monitoring in Carbon Dioxide Sequestration at Cranfield (2013)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection into the lower Tuscaloosa formation at Cranfield started in December 2009 and has been maintained at over one million tonnes per year. Two observation wells F2 and F3 are approximately two degrees down-dip of the injection well F1 at a distance of 68 m and 112 m, respectively. The top of the formation varies from 10,425' (3178.45 m) at the injector F1 to 10,434' (3180.28 m) at observation well F3. All wells are perforated below 10,450' (3185.16) to the bottom of the lower Tuscaloosa formation. Temperature, pressure and density (T, P, and ρ respectively) of the fluid in F2 and F3 were measured several months after displacement of brine from the wells by the lighter phase flowing past the perforations at the bottom of the wells. The static temperature profiles in wells F2 and F3 are identical, and thus are an excellent proxy for the geothermal gradient at the site. Using a suitable equation of state, and the measured T, P and, fluid compositional profiles in F2 and F3 were inferred, assuming a binary mixture. The measured density profile in F1, confirmed by pressure derivative with respect to depth, was inconsistent with that of pure CO2 at the measured P and T. Contamination of CO2 with a lower density fluid was therefore hypothesized, with methane being a natural choice. With this assumption, the error between the measured and calculated densities was minimized to estimate the binary mixture composition using the GERG 2008 equation of state. The resultant amount of methane was found to be almost 8 mol%. Analysis of samples taken from surface supply pipeline of the injected gas validated this contamination estimate, which was due to the mixing of recycled CO2 from an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) site. The density profiles measured in observation wells F2 and F3 indicate a change in fluid composition with depth. An analysis similar to that conducted for F1 allowed us to calculate the mixture composition based on the measured density profile. The best fit curve indicates that F2 contained >18 mol% methane near the surface decreasing to significantly less than 18% at the well bottom. F3 contained approximately 8 mol% methane in the top 65% of the well with almost pure CO2 near the bottom. The observation that the fluid in F2 contains a higher fraction of methane than the injected stream can be explained by dissolution of CO2 and concomitant stripping of adsorbed and dissolved methane in the reservoir between F1 and the observation wells. Consequently, a methane-enriched fluid bank precedes the CO2-rich hyperbolic wave. The compositional variation of the CO2-rich fluid as a function of depth in the wellbore reflects the fluid compositional profile in the formation.
Stereoselective Formation of Fully Substituted Ketone Enolates (2016)

The application of stereochemically defined acyclic fully substituted enolates of ketones to the enantioselective synthesis of quaternary carbon stereocenters would be highly valuable. Herein, we describe an approach leading to the formation of several new stereogenic centers through a combined metalation-addition of a carbonyl-carbamoyl transfer to reveal in situ stereodefined α,α-disubstituted enolates of ketone as a single stereoisomer. This approach could produce a series of aldol and Mannich products from enol carbamate with excellent diastereomeric ratios.