gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What Is Optimized in Convex Relaxations for Multilabel Problems: Connecting Discrete and Continuously Inspired MAP Inference (2013)

In this work, we present a unified view on Markov random fields (MRFs) and recently proposed continuous tight convex relaxations for multilabel assignment in the image plane. These relaxations are far less biased toward the grid geometry than Markov random fields on grids. It turns out that the continuous methods are nonlinear extensions of the well-established local polytope MRF relaxation. In view of this result, a better understanding of these tight convex relaxations in the discrete setting is obtained. Further, a wider range of optimization methods is now applicable to find a minimizer of the tight formulation. We propose two methods to improve the efficiency of minimization. One uses a weaker, but more efficient continuously inspired approach as initialization and gradually refines the energy where it is necessary. The other one reformulates the dual energy enabling smooth approximations to be used for efficient optimization. We demonstrate the utility of our proposed minimization schemes in numerical experiments. Finally, we generalize the underlying energy formulation from isotropic metric smoothness costs to arbitrary nonmetric and orientation dependent smoothness terms.
Manufacturing of A1050-A6061 Functionally Graded Porous Aluminum (2011)

Porous aluminum is a multifunctional material with lightweight and high energy absorption properties. In this study, A1050-A6061 functionally graded porous aluminum was fabricated by friction stir processing (FSP) route. It is expected that both mixing a blowing agent into aluminum and bonding A1050 precursor to A6061 precursor can be conducted by FSP. It was shown that A1050-A6061 seamless functionally graded porous aluminum can be successfully fabricated at a holding temperature of 1003 K and at a holding time of 10 min.
Language Mapping in Pretreatment Planning of Patients with Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation (2000)

PET imaging can be a valuable noninvasive tool for mapping the functional cortex and for preoperative planning of different treatment options in patients with arteriovenous malformations.
Rate-Adaptive Modulation Schemes for High Spectral Efficiency Optical Communications (2018)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. Cho, S. Chandrasekhar, and P. Winzer, "Rate-Adaptive Modulation Schemes for High Spectral Efficiency Optical Communications," in Frontiers in Optics / Laser Science, OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 2018), paper FW5B.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Long-term antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of novel low-shrinkage-stress, remineralizing composites (2021)

A low-shrinkage-stress (LSS), antibacterial and remineralizing nanocomposite was recently developed; however, validation of its long-term antibacterial potency in modulating human salivary-derived biofilm is an unmet need. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the bioactive LSS composite before and after aging in acidic solution for 90 days using a multi-species biofilm model, and to evaluate its cytotoxicity. The LSS composite consisted of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether (TEG-DVBE), 3% dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and 20% nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). Biofilm colony-forming units (CFU), lactic acid production, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (3D biofilm) were evaluated before and after three months of aging. Cytotoxicity was assessed against human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). The new LSS composite presented the lowest biofilm CFU, lactic acid and biofilm biomass, compared to controls (<i>n</i> = 6, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Importantly, the new composite exhibited no significant difference in antibacterial performance before and after 90-day-aging, demonstrating long-term antibacterial activity (<i>p</i> > 0.1). The LSS antibacterial and remineralizing composite presented a low cell viability at original extract that has increased with further dilutions. In conclusion, this study spotlighted that the new bioactive composite not only had a low shrinkage stress, but also down-regulated the growth of oral biofilms, reduced acid production, maintained antibacterial activity after the 90-day-aging, and did not compromise the cytocompatibility.
Effect of different general anaesthetics on ventricular repolarisation in robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (2020)

To minimise QTc interval prolongation during RALP, TIVA with propofol/remifentanil is recommended for general anaesthesia.
Nonpeptide Small Molecule Agonist and Antagonist Original Leads for Neuropeptide FF1 and FF2 Receptors (2014)

Neuropeptide FF1 and FF2 receptors (NPFF1-R and NPFF2-R), and their endogenous ligand NPFF, are one of only several systems responsible for mediating opioid-induced hyperalgesia, tolerance, and dependence. Currently, no small molecules displaying good affinity or selectivity for either subtype have been reported, to decipher the role of NPFF2-R as it relates to opioid-mediated analgesia, for further exploration of NPFF1-R, or for medication development for either subtype. We report the first nonpeptide small molecule scaffold for NPFF1,2-R, the guanidino-piperidines, and SAR studies resulting in the discovery of a NPFF1 agonist (7b, K(i) = 487 ± 117 nM), a NPFF1 antagonist (46, K(i) = 81 ± 17 nM), and a NPFF2 partial antagonist (53a, K(i) = 30 ± 5 nM), which serve as leads for the development of pharmacological probes and potential therapeutic agents. Testing of 46 alone was without effect in the mouse 48 °C warm-water tail-withdrawal test, but pretreatment with 46 prevented NPFF-induced hyperalgesia.
Lymphoproliferative responses to Borrelia burgdorferi in circumscribed scleroderma. (1996)

Humoral immune responses to Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) have been reported to occur in certain patients with circumscribed scleroderma (CS) (morphoea). Together with the isolation of spirochaetes from CS skin biopsies, this finding was taken to suggest Bb as the aetiological agent of CS. Since there is cellular immunoreactivity to Bb in patients with chronic Lyme borreliosis (LB), Bb-specific lymphocytic responses were tested in patients with CS. For this purpose, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients and, as controls, from patients with various manifestations of LB, and from healthy volunteers without any evidence of Bb infection, were exposed to Bb organisms for 5 days and then assayed for DNA synthesis. Stimulation indices (SI) > 10 were scored positive. By performing lymphocyte proliferation tests we found: (i) that not only patients with various manifestations of LB but also a considerable percentage of seropositive (five of 13 = 38%) and seronegative (six of 26 = 23%) CS patients exhibit an elevated Bb-induced lymphocyte proliferation; (ii) that the magnitude of the cellular response seen in CS patients is comparable to that encountered in patients with established Bb manifestations; and (iii) that, within a given patient, antibiotic therapy can result in a significant reduction of this response. These results support a causative role of Bb in at least some CS patients. Bb-induced lymphocyte responses were also seen in both seropositive and seronegative erythema chronicum migrans patients. These findings show that the pattern of Bb-specific immune responses is more complex than previously thought, and underscore the importance of lymphocyte function assays in evaluating the diagnosis of potential Bb infection in seronegative patients.
Therapie des Coma diabeticum (1965)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Specific Cross-Linking of Lys233 and Cys235 in the Mu Opioid Receptor by a Reporter Affinity Label (2005)

The first example of the use of a reporter affinity label (NNA) that contains a fluorogenic naphthalene dialdehyde moiety to identify neighboring lysine and cysteine residues at a recognition site is described. The opioid receptors have served as the proof-of-concept because they contain multiple lysine and cysteine residues. The kinetics of isoindole formation resulting from covalent binding of NNA to wild-type and mutant opioid receptors were followed in cultured cells using flow cytometry. The finding that NNA bound to mutant mu opioid receptors (K233R and C235S) without producing specific fluorescence enhancement suggested that covalent bonding occurred at these positions to produce an isoindole fluorophore in the wild-type mu receptor. The similar kinetics of fluorophore formation for wild-type mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors suggest that these conserved residues are the cross-linking sites in all three types of opioid receptors. The combined utilization of a reporter affinity label and site-directed mutagenesis offers a more expeditious method of identifying cross-linking at a recognition site when compared to classical procedures.
Visualization of poly(ADP-ribose) bound to PARG reveals inherent balance between exo- and endo-glycohydrolase activities (2013)

Poly-ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification that regulates processes involved in genome stability. Breakdown of the poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymer is catalysed by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), whose endo-glycohydrolase activity generates PAR fragments. Here we present the crystal structure of PARG incorporating the PAR substrate. The two terminal ADP-ribose units of the polymeric substrate are bound in exo-mode. Biochemical and modelling studies reveal that PARG acts predominantly as an exo-glycohydrolase. This preference is linked to Phe902 (human numbering), which is responsible for low-affinity binding of the substrate in endo-mode. Our data reveal the mechanism of poly-ADP-ribosylation reversal, with ADP-ribose as the dominant product, and suggest that the release of apoptotic PAR fragments occurs at unusual PAR/PARG ratios.
On the Origin of the Imaginary Part of the Ohmic Impedance (2009)

The local and global Ohmic response for an electrode exhibiting geometry-induced potential and/or current distributions has recently been shown to be represented by a frequency-dependent complex impedance. A physical explanation for this result is provided in terms of the radial contribution to local current density and the decrease in current density along the current lines.
Mandibular Jaw Bone Regeneration Using Human Dental Cell-Seeded Tyrosine-Derived Polycarbonate Scaffolds (2016)

Here we present a new model for alveolar jaw bone regeneration, which uses human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) combined with tyrosine-derived polycarbonate polymer scaffolds [E1001(1k)] containing beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) [E1001(1k)/β-TCP]. E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds (5 mm diameter × 1 mm thickness) were fabricated to fit a 5 mm rat mandibular ramus critical bone defect. Five experimental groups were examined in this study: (1) E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds seeded with a high density of hDPCs, 5.0 × 10(5) hDPCs/scaffold (CH); (2) E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds seeded with a lower density of hDPCs, 2.5 × 10(5) hDPCs/scaffold (CL); (3) acellular E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds (SA); (4) acellular E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds supplemented with 4 μg recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP); and (5) empty defects (EDs). Replicate hDPC-seeded and acellular E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds were cultured in vitro in osteogenic media for 1 week before implantation for 3 and 6 weeks. Live microcomputed tomography (μCT) imaging at 3 and 6 weeks postimplantation revealed robust bone regeneration in the BMP implant group. CH and CL groups exhibited similar uniformly distributed mineralized tissue coverage throughout the defects, but less than the BMP implants. In contrast, SA-treated defects exhibited sparse areas of mineralized tissue regeneration. The ED group exhibited slightly reduced defect size. Histological analyses revealed no indication of an immune response. In addition, robust expression of dentin and bone differentiation marker expression was observed in hDPC-seeded scaffolds, whereas, in contrast, BMP and SA implants exhibited only bone and not dentin differentiation marker expression. hDPCs were detected in 3-week but not in 6-week hDPC-seeded scaffold groups, indicating their survival for at least 3 weeks. Together, these results show that hDPC-seeded E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds support the rapid regeneration of osteo-dentin-like mineralized jaw tissue, suggesting a promising new therapy for alveolar jaw bone repair and regeneration.
Genome-Wide Association study for glaucoma (2009)

The genome-wide association (GWA) study is the latest approach in the development of genetic studies and is renowned for its widespread success in identifying disease variants within the genome for various common diseases. It is a highly popular study amongst geneticists worldwide, evident from the numerous GWA studies conducted in laboratories all over the world. This paper introduces various GWA study designs currently recognized, including other aspects such as the software tools and its progress thus far. Especially, the paper reviews the genetic studies for glaucoma, an ocular disease which can lead to irreversible and permanent vision loss. Glaucomatous progression can be slowed or even halted if detected early; however, genetic information on glaucoma has not been well established yet. Therefore, by conducting a GWA study on glaucoma to find comprehensive associated genetic variants, the early detection of glaucoma through GWA may finally be seen as a possibility.
Multilayer infrared metamaterial fabrication using membrane projection lithography (2011)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation D. Bruce Burckel, Joel R. Wendt, Sally Samora, Michael B. Sinclair, Igal Brener, James C. Ginn; Multilayer infrared metamaterial fabrication using membrane projection lithography. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 1 November 2011; 29 (6): 06FF04. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.3653258 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology B Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
USP7 inactivation suppresses APC-mutant intestinal hyperproliferation and tumor development (2023)

Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation is the hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC), resulting in constitutive WNT activation. Despite decades of research, targeting WNT signaling in cancer remains challenging due to its on-target toxicity. We have previously shown that the deubiquitinating enzyme USP7 is a tumor-specific WNT activator in APC-truncated cells by deubiquitinating and stabilizing β-catenin, but its role in gut tumorigenesis is unknown. Here, we show in vivo that deletion of Usp7 in Apc-truncated mice inhibits crypt hyperproliferation and intestinal tumor development. Loss of Usp7 prolongs the survival of the sporadic intestinal tumor model. Genetic deletion, but not pharmacological inhibition, of Usp7 in Apc<sup>+/-</sup> intestine induces colitis and enteritis. USP7 inhibitor treatment suppresses growth of patient-derived cancer organoids carrying APC truncations in vitro and in xenografts. Our findings provide direct evidence that USP7 inhibition may offer a safe and efficacious tumor-specific therapy for both sporadic and germline APC-mutated CRC.
Integration of Microstructural Architecture of the Mitral Valve Into an Anatomically Accurate Finite Element Mesh (2012)

Although mitral valve (MV) repair initially restores normal leaflets coaptation and stops MV regurgitation, in long term it can also dramatically change the leaflet geometry and stress distribution that may be in part responsible for limited repair durability. As shown for other collagenous tissues, such changes in geometry and loading reorganize the fiber architecture. In addition, MV interstitial cells respond to the altered stress by undergoing alterations in biosynthetic function, which would affect the load-bearing capabilities of MV and its long-term durability. Thus, investigating the repair-induced MV stress and the concomitant microstructural alterations is a key step in assessing the repaired valve durability. Finite element models have been widely used for stress analysis of the mitral valve [1–3]. Most of these models, however, have employed only basic constitutive models and utilized simplified valve geometry. Above all, they have ignored the complex microstructure of the MV, which is the critical physical link between organ level stresses and cellular function. Thus, in this work we developed an initial method to develop an accurate geometrical model of the ovine MV and map the fiber structure for the purposes of developing high fidelity computational meshes of the MV.
Multiwavelength generation of Stokes and anti-Stokes lines in Brillouin/erbium fiber laser with a Sagnac loop mirror (2002)

We report a novel multiwavelength laser scheme of an Er-doped Brillouin fiber laser with a Sagnac loop mirror and a metal-coated planar mirror. This initiates the four-wave mixing (FWM) process, which produces both red-shifted Stokes lines and blue-shifted anti-Stokes lines.
Real-time Background Subtraction via L1 Norm Tensor Decomposition (2018)

Currently, background subtraction is being actively studied in many image processing applications. Nuclear Norm Minimization (NNM) and Weighted Nuclear Norm Minimization (WNNM) are commonly used background subtraction methods based on Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA). However, these techniques approximate the RPCA rank function and take the form of an iterative optimization algorithm. Therefore, due to the approximation, the NNM solution can not converge if the number of frames is small. In addition, the NNM and WNNM processing times are delayed because of their iterative optimization schemes. Thus, NNM and WNNM are not suitable for real-time background subtraction. In order to overcome these limitations, this paper presents a real-time background subtraction method using tensor decomposition in accordance with the recent tensor analysis research trend. In this study, we used the closed form TUCKER2 decomposition solution to omit the iterative process while retaining the L1 norm of the RPCA rank function. This proposed method allows for convergence even when the number of frames is small. Compared to NNM and WNNM, the proposed method reduces the processing time by more than 80 times and has a higher precision even when the number of frames are less than 10.
A vision-based boundary following framework for aerial vehicles (2010)

We present an integration of classical computer vision techniques to achieve real-time autonomous steering of an unmanned aircraft along the boundary of different regions. Using an unified conceptual framework, we illustrate solutions for tracking coastlines and for following roads surrounded by forests. In particular, we exploit color and texture properties to differentiate between region types in the aforementioned domains. The performance of our system is evaluated using different experimental approaches, which includes a fully automated in-field flight over a 1km coastline trajectory.
Plasma Markers of Inflammation Linked to Clinical Progression and Decline During Preclinical AD (2019)

Inflammation, mediated by TNF signaling, may play a selective role in the early phase of AD. Accordingly, plasma TNFR1 may facilitate improved prediction of disease progression for individuals in the preclinical stage of AD.
RETRACTED: Flexible bilayers with spontaneous curvature lead to lamellar gels and spontaneous vesicles (2006)

Mixtures of cetyltrimethylammonium tosylate (CTAT) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) in water form a fluid lamellar phase at < or = 40 wt % water but surprisingly turn into viscous gels at higher water fractions. The gels are characterized by spherulite and other bilayer defects consistent with a low bending elasticity, kappa approximately k(B)T, and a nonzero spontaneous curvature. Caillé analysis of the small-angle x-ray line shape confirms that for 7:3 wt:wt CTAT:SDBS bilayers at 50% water, kappa = 0.62 +/- 0.09 k(B)T and kappa = -0.9 +/- 0.2 k(B)T. For 13:7 wt:wt CTAT:SDBS bilayers, the measured bending elasticity decreases with increasing water dilution in good agreement with predictions based on renormalization theory, giving kappa(o) = 0.28 k(B)T. These results show that surfactant mixing is sufficient to make kappa approximately k(B)T, which promotes strong, Helfrich-type repulsion between bilayers that can dominate the van der Waals attraction. These are necessary conditions for spontaneous vesicles formed at even higher water fractions to be equilibrium structures.
A 3D pose estimator for the visually impaired (2009)

This paper presents an indoor localization system for the visually impaired. The basis of our system is an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for six degree-of-freedom (d.o.f.) position and orientation (pose) estimation. The sensing platform consists of an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a 2D laser scanner. The IMU measurements are integrated to obtain pose estimates which are subsequently corrected using line-to-plane correspondences between linear segments in the laser-scan data and known 3D structural planes of the building. Furthermore, we utilize Lie derivatives to show that the system is observable when at least three planes are detected by the laser scanner. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate the reliability of the proposed method for accurate and realtime indoor localization.
Model for the aggregation state of living anionic polymers (2001)

To better understand the aggregation of living polymers formed in anionic polymerization, we develop a theoretical model for the aggregation state of living polymers with polar headgroups in hydrocarbon solvents. In particular, we have examined polymers with butadienyllithium headgroups in benzene. The system is modeled as a population of star-like micelles coexisting with a broadly polydisperse population of long cylindrical micelles. We use numerical solutions of the self-consistent mean-field equations to quantitatively calculate the stretching energy of the polymer chains in the micelles, and semiempirical and ab initio quantum chemistry methods to calculate headgroup geometries and binding energies. We find that the general aggregation state of the model consists of nearly Gaussian-distributed spherical micelles for long polymer chain lengths, which cross over to exponentially-distributed cylindrical micelles at short chain lengths, with a region of coexistence of the two types of micelles in a narrow intermediate range of chain length. For physically reasonable values of the model parameters, the predicted aggregation state is consistent with experimental features observed for this system by Stellbrink et al., and in particular with the formation of star-like micelles with mean aggregation numbers of 10 or larger.