gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Binocular fusion inferences in a log-polar decision space</title> (1990)

In the technical discipline of computer vision, the concept of using stereo cameras for depth perception has been motivated by the fact that, in human vision, one percept can arise from two retinal images as a result of the process of “fusion” in the visual cortex. If mankind wants to apply this concept to computer controlled machines it must be inferred that knowledge of the psychological process is sufficient to emulate, at least in a weak sense, the human sensory phenomena called vision. Typically, models for this emulation process have been computationally intensive. They contained or required massive amounts of data and thus resulted in very time consuming analytic solutions for depth or range information. The visual process, however complex, does not operate independently of other brain functions. For instance, the superior colliculus of the brain is used to generate information about visual field motion and many visual reflexes. The superior colliculus is also a multi-modal sensory area which includes auditory and somaethetic information [1]. This visual system-brain function connection must be kept in mind when one is attempting to utilize general visual system models to control manipulative processes in order to accomplish a task. In this paper we investigate the utilization of binocular fusion to determine range and heading angle for the specialized control task of guidance for an autonomous vehicle in a convoy following application. It is therefore necessary to develop the vision model, to define the decision space and to use multi-modal information when appropriate. Both parallel and convergent vision models have been utilized for this task. A comparison of calibration results, the mathematical advantages of a log-polar decision space and the resulting real-time structure for controlling a vehicle in a convoy mode are given from actual experimental evaluation.
User Adaptation to a Faulty Unistroke-Based Text Entry Technique by Switching to an Alternative Gesture Set (2020)

This article presents results of two user studies to investigate user adaptation to a faulty unistroke gesture recognizer of a text entry technique. The intent was to verify the hypothesis that users gradually adapt to a faulty gesture recognition technique’s misrecognition errors and that this adaptation rate is dependent on how frequently they occur. Results confirmed that users gradually adapt to misrecognition errors by replacing the error prone gestures with alternative ones, as available. Also, users adapt to a particular misrecognition error faster if it occurs more frequently than others.
Chirality, entropy and crystallization in polymers: isotactic poly(3-methyl-1-pentene) as an example of influence of chirality and entropy on the crystal structure (2015)

Crystals induce order but disorder and entropy drive crystallization. Crystallization of poly(3-methyl-1-pentene) is driven by different entropic effects related to chirality and different types of disorder.
THE EFFECTS OF CONCENTRATION POLARIZATION ON MOLECULE TRANSLOCATION IN A NANOPORE DEVICE (2008)

Nanopores offer the potential for label-free detection of individual proteins [1] and have been identified as a key potential technology for low cost DNA sequencing.[2] To date, most studies of nanopore electrokinetic transport [1,3,4] have neglected the effects of concentration polarization (CP) especially in systems with nonoverlapped electric double layers (EDLs). We present a combined computational and experimental study of conical nanopores with tip diameters of 40-100 nm. Our modeling and experimental work shows that for typical (mM) buffer concentrations, even non-overlapped EDLs fundamentally affect key transport characteristics such as the rate of molecular translocations.
Chronic Atrial Fibrillation and Catheter Ablation (2008)

Catheter ablation is an effective treatment for atrial fi brillation (AF). The majority of cases of paroxysmal AF can be resolved by electrically disconnecting the pulmonary veins. While electrical disconnection is a cornerstone for all AF ablative strategies, patients with chronic AF may require targeting additional sites. Several groups have reported the use of a predetermined ablation schema that is used independent of electrophysiological, anatomical, or other considerations. Pulmonary vein antrum isolation, complex fractionated atrial electrograms, and circumferential ablation of pulmonary veins are widely used ablation schemas for paroxysmal and chronic AF. All of these strategies report good results; thus, certain aspects of each strategy may be desirable depending on type of fi brillation. Moreover, it is likely that any ablation strategy will need modifi cation depending on the degree of underlying structural heart disease and the histological and electrophysiological remodeling created by the arrhythmia. Regardless of which strategy is used, it is of paramount importance to create lesions that are electrically complete to prevent additional arrhythmia and to avoid applying lesions that are not needed because they can be counterproductive and can be associated with resistant iatrogenic arrhythmias. We have proposed a sequential procedure based on the following order of ablation: (1) PVI guided and confi rmed by a circumferential mapping catheter; (2) linear ablation at the left atrium roof between the left and right upper pulmonary veins; (3) ablation of the inferior left atrium and coronary sinus; (4) left atrial ablation at any atrial site that exhibits continuous electrical and complex fractionated activity, any focal site that appears to be a driver for AF; (5) mitral isthmus ablation (if necessary); and (6) optional right atrial/superior vena cava ablation. The endpoint of the ablation procedure is termination of AF, which can be achieved by passing directly from AF either to sinus rhythm or, more commonly, to AT, which is then mapped and ablated. With this stepwise strategy, we report an unprecedented conversion rate of 87%.
Zirconocene complexes of imines. General synthesis, structure, reactivity, and in situ generation to prepare geometrically pure allylic amines (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZirconocene complexes of imines. General synthesis, structure, reactivity, and in situ generation to prepare geometrically pure allylic aminesStephen L. Buchwald, Brett T. Watson, M. Woods Wannamaker, and John C. DewanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 12, 4486–4494Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00194a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00194a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1572Altmetric-Citations188LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Suspended Mechanical Structures Based on Elastic Silicon Nanowire Arrays (2007)

We demonstrate a bottom-up/top-down combined method for the fabrication of horizontally suspended, well-oriented and size-controlled Si nanowire arrays. Mechanical beamlike structures composed of multiple ordered arrays consecutively linked by transversal microspacers are obtained by this method. Such structures are used to investigate the mechanical elasticity of the nanowire arrays by atomic force microscopy. Our results point out important differences in the morphology and mechanical behavior of the fabricated nanowire-based structures with respect to equivalent bulk material structures.
Data Supplement from Reversible LSD1 Inhibition Interferes with Global EWS/ETS Transcriptional Activity and Impedes Ewing Sarcoma Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary materials, including supplementary Methods, Table S3. Primer Sequences. Figure S1. Transcriptional Profiling of HCI2509 in A673 and TTC-466. Figure S2. Morphological Changes in TTC-466 with HCI2509 Treatment. Figure S3. Effects of HCI2509 on Transformation, Methylation, and Apoptosis. Figure S4. Regulation of HMOX1. Figure S5. Tumor Volume, Body Weight, and Blood Counts.&lt;/p&gt;
Computerized scanning Auger microprobe (1985)

An Auger spectrometer has been automated using a microcomputer. Fundamental considerations in the design and choice of the computerized system are presented and should be of general interest. The spectrometer was a Physical Electronics Ind. model 545 scanning Auger microprobe. The microcomputer chosen was a Southwest Technical Products 6809 computer system. Hardware details are discussed with emphasis on the four computer–spectrometer interface boards. These boards are (1) Auger energy control board, which sets the Auger detection energy with its 16 bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC); (2) read Auger signal board, which reads the Auger signal intensity with its 12 bit analog-to-digital converter; (3) multipurpose DAC board, which uses two pairs of 8 bit DAC’s to position the excitation beam and display the data in memory on a CRT monitor, and (4) timing and relay control board, which selects various instruments and power supplies as required during the fully automated depth profiling sputter sequences. Organizational details of the control, analysis, and output software are discussed. The operation of the main Auger control program is emphasized along with its menu driven options, which provide great versatility to the operator. Examples are shown of the various data output modes, which include displays on the CRT monitor and plots from the multicolor digital plotter.
Fine Voltage Control Based on Frequency Separation Two-Degrees-of-Freedom Control for Single-Phase Inverter (2016)

This paper proposes a new control system that facilitates two-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) control to reduce the output voltage distortion in the self-sustained operation mode of a photovoltaic generation system. The proposed control system is configured by combining the disturbance observer using a notch filter (notch type disturbance observer) and a sinusoidal tracking controller. This configuration of the system facilitates high tracking performance and high disturbance suppression performance. This system is a new frequency-separation-type 2DOF control system that has the complete tracking performance of only the fundamental frequency, and has the desired recovery performance of the other harmonic frequency and the quick inserting load current. The numerical simulation results and experimental results confirm that the proposed control system reduces the output voltage distortion in an effective manner. Furthermore, the proposed control system is highly robust to the changes in the load.
DETECTION AND DEPTH PROFILING OF 19 F USING RESONANCES IN THE 19 F（α,p） 22 Ne REACTION (1990)

Resonances in the reaction 19F (α ,p) 22Ne have been used to detect and depth profile 19F in solid targets. Incident alpha particles in the range 2100-2500 keV were used and protons were detected at θ=135° with a large solid angle surface barrier detector covered to stop elastically scattered alpha particles. This technique is a simple, nuclide specific probe and is particularly useful in detecting 19F in the presence of heavy elements such as GaAs where conventional Rutherford backscattering is ineffective. Examples using this technique on epitaxially grown thin films containing LaF3 layers will be presented.
Web accessibility assist tool : WebUD (2005)

The formulation of the e-Japan Priority Policy Program - 2004 and establishment of JIS X 8341, Guidelines for older persons and persons with disabilities, have impacted activities for achieving compliance with Website accessibility requirements primarily in the field of public services. Ensuring Web accessibility for all citizens requires a thoughtful consideration for the elderly and disabled persons who have difficulty accessing Websites with standard browsers. Fujitsu has developed and offered WebUD, a Web accessibility assist tool intended for elderly and disabled persons. This tool has accessibility functions that can read out text, show kanji readings in kana, enlarge and reduce characters and images, change text and background colors, and assist input operations. WebUD is available on local government Websites, and anyone can download and install it on a personal computer simply by consenting to the license agreement on the Website. This tool helps elderly and disabled persons use the Internet actively and independently. This paper chiefly illustrates the accessibility functions of WebUD and also describes the requirements set out for WebUD development and the WebUD installation procedure.
Using a smartwatch electrocardiogram to detect abnormalities associated with sudden cardiac arrest in young adults (2021)

Detection of SCA-associated ECG abnormalities (pre-excitation, Brugada patterns, long QT, and signs suggestive of HCM and ARVC/D) is possible with an ECG smartwatch.
Defeasible Inference (1994)

In this chapter, we examine some recent attempts to formalize inferences with generalizations that hold not always, but only normally or for the most part. For instance, from the fact that elephants are normally grey, normally live in the wild and normally have four legs, we can conclude that Clyde, an elephant with which we are unacquainted, probably has these characteristics himself. We have already met one approach to this kind of inference: circumscription. However, we argued in chapter 4 that the applicability of circumscription to this kind of inference is at best unclear. So it is time to examine some of its competitors.
Cancer Biomarker-Triggered Disintegrable DNA Nanogels for Intelligent Drug Delivery (2020)

Even though various techniques have been developed thus far for targeted delivery of therapeutics, design and fabrication of cancer biomarker-triggered disintegrable nanogels, which are exclusively composed of nucleic acid macromolecules, are still challenging nowadays. Here, we describe for the first time our creation of intelligent DNA nanogels whose backbones are sorely disintegrable by flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1), an enzymatic biomarker that is highly overexpressed in most cancer cells but not in their normal counterparts. It is the catalytic actions of intracellular FEN1 on bifurcated DNA structures that lead to the cancer-specific disintegration of our DNA nanogels and controlled release of drugs in target cancer cells. Consequently, the brand-new strategies introduced in the current report could break new ground in designing drug carriers for eliminating unwanted side effects of chemotherapeutic agents and live-cell probes for cancer risk assessment, diagnosis, and prognosis.
Oxidation and the Testing of Turbine Oils (2008)

Ten peer-reviewed papers cover the latest industry trends on suffering points, evolving lubricant /antioxidant additive technologies, and changing equipment designs and operating conditions, with a focus on how these factors impact oxidation. It addresse
Synthetic PET via Domain Translation of 3D MRI (2022)

Historically, patient datasets have been used to develop and validate various reconstruction algorithms for PET/MRI and PET/CT. To enable such algorithm development, without the need for acquiring hundreds of patient exams, in this paper we demonstrate a deep learning technique to generate synthetic but realistic whole-body PET sinograms from abundantly-available whole-body MRI. Specifically, we use a dataset of 56 $^{18}$F-FDG-PET/MRI exams to train a 3D residual UNet to predict physiologic PET uptake from whole-body T1-weighted MRI. In training we implemented a balanced loss function to generate realistic uptake across a large dynamic range and computed losses along tomographic lines of response to mimic the PET acquisition. The predicted PET images are forward projected to produce synthetic PET time-of-flight (ToF) sinograms that can be used with vendor-provided PET reconstruction algorithms, including using CT-based attenuation correction (CTAC) and MR-based attenuation correction (MRAC). The resulting synthetic data recapitulates physiologic $^{18}$F-FDG uptake, e.g. high uptake localized to the brain and bladder, as well as uptake in liver, kidneys, heart and muscle. To simulate abnormalities with high uptake, we also insert synthetic lesions. We demonstrate that this synthetic PET data can be used interchangeably with real PET data for the PET quantification task of comparing CT and MR-based attenuation correction methods, achieving $\leq 7.6\%$ error in mean-SUV compared to using real data. These results together show that the proposed synthetic PET data pipeline can be reasonably used for development, evaluation, and validation of PET/MRI reconstruction methods.
Assessment of change in drought risk influenced by water management (2023)

Disaster risks are the results of complex spatiotemporal interactions between risk components, impacts and societal response. In the context of the water supply chain, human processes have altered hydrological processes through the construction of reservoirs to dispose of the water resources with higher predictability and productivity. While reservoirs may attenuate flood events and help to bridge through period of water scarcity, they may also aggravate drought events in terms of duration and severity. The long-term effect associated to the presence of reservoirs is an over-reliance on the water supply hypothesized as constant and abundant as provided by the hydraulic structure, which in turn increases the vulnerability and the economic damage in case of a drought event occurrence. In addition, socio-economic and political changes should not be underestimated, as the social, economic, and political context can influence the impact and response to extreme events. Indeed, it has been observed that during long periods of drought, variations in exposure and in vulnerability have occurred, due to social dynamics taking place as a result of the extreme event, e.g. the natural migration of the population to water sources.Here we aim at understanding the changes in risk components and the resulting impacts of structural measures, such as reservoirs, and also of nature based solutions in relation to consecutive extreme events. Different case studies around the world are considered to untangle the complexity of the dynamic relationship between human and hydrological processes.
Displacement Estimation for Nonlinear Structures Using Seismic Acceleration Response Data (2021)

The displacements estimated using seismic accelerations are useful for post-earthquake inspection of structural damage. In previous studies, displacements were usually obtained through non-trivial measurement or double integration of the measured acceleration response and then an additional correction process. However, from the signal processing perspective, double integration induces substantial numerical errors. In this study, a displacement estimation approach is developed based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) with an embedded Bayesian noise-parameters updating technique. The displacement is estimated by EKF with updated time-varying noise parameters based on a Bouc–Wen model. Numerical simulations and a shaking‐table test are presented to demonstrate the proposed method.
Second harmonic generation in germanotellurite bulk glass‐ceramics (2017)

Abstract In this study, we have investigated the use of silver cation as nucleating agent in germanotellurite glass matrix of compositions (100− x ) [70TeO 2 –10GeO 2 –10Nb 2 O 5 –10K 2 O]– x Ag 2 O ( x =0‐6 mol%), in order to promote bulk crystallization. Density measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, UV‐Vis, and Raman spectroscopies have been performed to study the crystallization process. We have observed bulk crystallization of a unique noncentrosymmetric phase, K[Nb 1/3 Te 2/3 ] 2 O 4.8 , which has been investigated for its second‐order optical activity. Transparent to translucent glass‐ceramics have been successfully tailored under thermal treatment and second harmonic generation signals were recorded on the glass‐ceramic samples as a function of their synthesis procedure. It is suggested that the second‐order optical properties observed are strongly related to the organization of crystallites within phase‐separated domains.
Targeted hepatitis C screening among ex‐injection drug users in the community (2013)

Targeted screening in ex-IDUs is effective in identifying patients with HCV infection in the community. Improvement in the referral system and introduction of interferon-free regimens are needed to increase treatment uptake.
Tailor the antibacterial efficiency of copper alloys by oxidation: when to and when not to (2022)

Abstract Copper and its relevant species, such as oxides and many alloys, have been recognised as potential antibacterial surfaces. Despite the relatively low antibacterial efficacy of cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) compared to pure copper, it is still worth consideration in some scenarios. Taking copper-nickel co-sputtered thin films with two copper contents (55 and 92 at.%) as examples, this work investigated the potential of oxidation in altering the antibacterial behaviour of copper alloy surfaces. By heat treatment at 200–250 °C for 20–24 h, a layer mainly composed of Cu 2 O was successfully fabricated on the top of the Cu-Ni alloys. Antibacterial efficiency against Escherichia coli in 1 h was obtained by the droplet method and further compared. The coupons with 92 at.% copper became less effective after oxidation: the reduction rate declines from 97.0 to 74.3%; whereas the coupons with 55 at.% copper showed a large increase after oxidation, rising from 15.0 to 66.8%. The experiments described herein reveal a promising concept of oxidation in enhancing the less effective copper alloy surfaces for antibacterial applications. Graphical abstract
Synthesis of aromatic polythers by Scholl reaction. IV. Homopolymerization and copolymerization of α,ω‐bis[4‐(1‐napthoxy)phenylsulfonyl]perfluoroalkanes (1991)

Abstract Polyether sulfones containing perfluoroalkyl segments were prepared by room temperature radical‐cation polymerization (Scholl reaction) of 1,4‐bis[4‐(1‐napthoxy)phenylsulfonyl]perfluorobutane ( 1a ) and 1,8‐bis [4‐(1‐napthoxy) phenylsulfonyl] perfluoroctane ( 1b ) in nitrobenzene, using anhydrous ferric chloride as oxident. The homopolymerization of 1a and of 1b performed under various polymerization conditions, resulted in polymers with number average molecular weight ( M̄ n ) up to 33,000 and 38,000 g/mol, respectively. Copolymerization of the fluorinated monomers 1a with 1b , and either 1a or 1b with 4,4′‐bis(1‐naphthoxy) diphenyl sulfone ( 4 ) and 1,5‐bis (1‐naphthoxy) pentane ( 5 ) produced copolymers of M̄ n up to 18,100 g/mol. The reactivity of the various monomers was discussed on the basis of the induction and resonance stabilization effects.