gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of estrogen deficiency on guided bone augmentation: investigation of rat calvarial model and osteoblast‐like MC3T3‐E1 cells (2018)

The effect of estrogen deficiency in bone augmentation, and the mechanisms by which estrogen deficiency impedes osteoblast differentiation and collagen matrix production, were examined. Twenty female Jcl:Wistar rats were divided into two groups: ovariectomized rats; and control rats. Guided bone augmentation was performed by positioning plastic caps in the calvarium of all animals at 8 wk after ovariectomy or sham surgery. Micro-computed tomography and histological sections were used to determine the amount of bone augmentation within the plastic caps. At 8 wk, there was statistically significantly less newly formed bone volume in ovariectomized rats. Immunohistological staining revealed the rare alignment of runt-related transcription factor 2-positive osteoblast-like cells and collagen I-positive bundle fibers in ovariectomized rats. In cell culture experiments, pre-osteoblast-like cells, MC3T3-E1, were treated with the estrogen receptor antagonist, fulvestrant. In treated cells, alkaline phosphatase activity remained high, whereas Alizarin Red staining was completely inhibited. Extracellular staining intensity of collagen I was decreased after fulvestrant treatment. Consistent with these observations, gene-expression analysis confirmed that fulvestrant treatment led to weaker expression of mRNA for osteogenic transcription factors and bone matrix protein-related genes. The results demonstrate that estrogen deficiency suppresses osteoblast differentiation and collagen matrix production in bone augmentation.
Elimination of accumulation charge effects for high-resistive silicon substrates (2004)

A dedicated silicon process, called PASSI/spl trade/, was developed for passive functions in the GHz regime. The process, using high-resistive silicon with a SiO/sub 2/ top layer as a carrier, is fully compatible with common silicon infrastructures. While the passives perform far better than passives integrated in CMOS or BICMOS chips, their performance is limited by accumulation of charge underneath the SiO/sub 2/ layer. A very effective way to diminish the influence of. this charge is an implantation that creates traps at the Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface, thus reducing the charge mobility. The capacitors and inductors on wafers that were subject to such an implantation step can no longer be distinguished from their counterparts on insulating substrates.
Braingate: Developing a Device to Provide Motor Impaired Patients with a Novel Neural Output (2016)

An implanted neural interface system may eventually afford patients with severe motor impairment a new output signal from their central nervous systems. By deriving output signals directly from the cerebral cortex, the BrainGate Neural Interface may provide a signal that can function in patients with a broad range of motor impairments. Previous studies in non-human primates (Serruya et al., 2002 Nature 416:141) indicate that the neural activity of a small number of cortical neurons coupled to simple mathematical decoding algorithms can generate a behaviorally useful output signal. The system consists of an intracortical microelectrode array, an amplifier and signal conditioning system (processor module), a decoder and a patient computer interface. The sensor is based on the Cyberkinetics 100 channel silicon electrode array and is designed to be implanted into the cortex. In its current version the array is connected externally through a 100-contact percutaneous connector. This implant has been tested in non-human primates. Signal processing involves standard spike discrimination. The decoder is designed to build mathematical relations between desired actions and brain output. A clinical trial protocol has been developed and initial sites for clinical trials are being explored. The protocol includes measures designed to characterize the safety profile of this new device, and measures to assess the ability of patients to use the novel output to drive a variety of computer programs including assistive software and standard desktop interfaces.
Nitidon, a New Bioactive Metabolite from the Basidiomycete Junghuhnia nitida (Pers.: Fr.) Ryv. (1998)

Nitidon, a highly oxidised pyranone derivative produced by the basidiomycete Junghuhnia nitida, has been isolated and its biological activities evaluated. The structure was determined by spectroscopic methods. Nitidon exhibits antibiotic and cytotoxic activities and induces morphological and physiological differentiation of tumor cells at nanomolar concentrations.
In situ quantification of electrical isolation in STM-fabricated TiO x nanostructures (2012)

In this Letter, a combination of conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) with a compliant cantilever is used to electrically probe oxidised TiO2−x nanostructures in situ. In STM mode, both the written width and the effective resistivity of material in the written line increase with write bias. At low writing voltages (∼3.5 V), the STM written lines are narrow (30 nm), but they are not resistive enough to allow patterns with a 1–2 µm perimeter to provide electrical isolation above 10 MΩ. Raising the bias to 8.5 V during writing allows similar structures to provide isolation of better than 250 MΩ. The resistivity in the lines written at the latter with high bias is 28 Ω m. From electrical estimates, the oxidation appears to go through the thickness at all voltages, but is more chemically incomplete (larger value of x) at low voltage. The data are not consistent, with a small amount of metallic Ti remaining under the written mark, that is, partial penetration of the oxidation. The thickness of this Ti layer would have to be unphysically small (1 million times smaller than an atomic layer thickness) to allow this interpretation.
On Spinal Mineral Loss After the Menopause (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Cann et al (1980; 244:2056) reported that the mineral concentration in computed tomographic (CT) scans of lumbar vertebrae declined by 6% to 10% per year in women (half of whom were estrogen treated) after oophorectomy. Even higher losses (20% per year) were seen in some subjects. The average rate was many times higher than the usual postmenopausal rate (1% per year) of bone loss in iliac crest biopsy or than the comparable aging decrease (1% per year) that might be inferred from the bone density changes of the spinal centrum between ages 40 and 60 years.<sup>1,2</sup>The high loss observed with CT could reflect a technical error. Cann et al gave the incorrect impression that they used dual-energy CT (which is not sensitive to variable fat content of marrow) but actually used single-energy scans, which are subject to large fat-induced inaccuracies.<sup>3</sup>A 10% increase of
Suppressing Ambient Degradation of Exfoliated InSe Nanosheet Devices via Seeded Atomic Layer Deposition Encapsulation (2018)

With exceptional charge carrier mobilities and a direct bandgap at most thicknesses, indium selenide (InSe) is an emerging layered semiconductor that has generated significant interest for electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, exfoliated InSe nanosheets are susceptible to rapid degradation in ambient conditions, thus limiting their technological potential. In addition to morphological changes upon ambient exposure, the mobilities and current modulation on/off ratios of InSe transistors, as well as the responsivities of InSe photodetectors, decrease by over 3 orders of magnitude within 12 h of ambient exposure. In an effort to mitigate these deleterious effects, here we present an encapsulation scheme based on seeded atomic layer deposition that provides pinhole-free growth of alumina without compromising the intrinsic electronic properties of the underlying InSe. In particular, this encapsulation provides reproducible InSe field-effect transistor characteristics and InSe photodetector responsivities in excess of 107 A/W following ambient exposure for time periods on the order of months. Because atomic layer deposition is a highly scalable and manufacturable process, this work will accelerate ongoing efforts to integrate InSe nanosheets into electronic and optoelectronic technologies.
Electron retention in InAs‐nanocrystals embedded in SiO2/Si for non‐volatile memories (2008)

Abstract In this paper we present the electrical characterization of an InAs nanocrystal based metal‐oxide‐semiconductor structure. The fabricated device behaves as a memory since the charges injected in the InAs through the SiO 2 tunnel layer (holes or electrons) have a long retention time in or by the nanocrystals. A discharging model based on direct tunnelling through a dielectric barrier has been used in order to calculate electron discharging kinetics. The results show that InAs‐nanocrystals are of real interest for electron storage in non‐volatile memories with an improvement of data retention for electron. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hypogonadism in a Patient with a Mutation in the Luteinizing Hormone Beta-Subunit Gene (2004)

A 30-year-old man who presented with delayed puberty and infertility was found to have hypogonadism associated with an absence of circulating luteinizing hormone. The patient had a homozygous missense mutation in the gene that encodes the beta subunit of luteinizing hormone (Gly36Asp), a mutation that disrupted a vital cystine knot motif and abrogated the heterodimerization and secretion of luteinizing hormone. Treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin increased circulating testosterone, promoted virilization, and was associated with the appearance of normal spermatozoa in low concentrations. This case illustrates the important physiological role that luteinizing hormone plays in male sexual maturation and fertility.
Inhibition of prostaglandin D2 signaling prevents the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2018)

Background
Perceptual Time Varying Linear Prediction model for speech applications (2009)

A new perceptual time varying model for non-stationary analysis of speech signals is presented. Some researches have already shown that the time varying linear prediction coding (TVLPC) model that was applied to speech signals increases the recognition performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. This improvement has been achieved due to the incorporation of the speech dynamics information in the model. Another work, perceptual linear prediction (PLP) analysis of speech, has shown that a modified estimation of the auto correlation function (ACF) of stationary speech frame yields major improvement to the recognition rate. The presented model, perceptual time varying linear prediction (PTVLP) analysis of speech, adopts the perceptual concepts, of how to estimate the ACF, into the TVLPC model. This research shows that the proposed PTVLP model is more accurate, robust to noise and achieves better recognition rates than PLP and TVLPC over wide SNR range.
Effects of Electric Field on the Fracture Toughness (KIC) of PZT Ceramics (2011)

Ceramic PZT with a controlled crack was subjected to combined four point bending and longitudinal electric field loading to determine the fracture toughness (KIC) as a function of electric field. Application of a positive DC electric field (in the polarization direction) during mechanical loading was observed to reduce the critical stress intensity factor and application of a negative electric field increased the critical stress intensity factor.
Exploring metazoan evolution through dynamic and holistic changes in protein families and domains (2012)

Metazoan speciation and adaptation were explored by birth/death and duplication/deletion events among protein families and domains. Our results provide insights into protein evolution and its bearing on metazoan evolution.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzoporphyrins Functionalized with Octaester Groups. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Weinreb Nitrile Oxide and Nitrone for Cycloaddition. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Assessing Performance of Building Environment Simulator using MAS Technology in Field (2023)

A built-in thermal environment simulator with multi agent simulation technique was proposed in the study. The simulator works on only datasets obtained from BEMS and completes its simulation in a short time without solving complex governing equations. The simulator was implemented and applied to an actual building for a year. The accuracy of the simulation was confirmed on one year field data.
Role of GDF15/MAPK14 Axis in Chondrocyte Senescence as a Novel Senomorphic Agent in Osteoarthritis (2022)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is most prevalent in older individuals and exerts a heavy social and economic burden. However, an effective and noninvasive approach to OA treatment is currently not available. Chondrocyte senescence has recently been proposed as a key pathogenic mechanism in the etiology of OA. Furthermore, senescent chondrocytes (SnCCs) can release various proinflammatory cytokines, proteolytic enzymes, and other substances known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), allowing them to connect with surrounding cells and induce senesce. Studies have shown that the pharmacological elimination of SnCCs slows the progression of OA and promotes regeneration. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the tumor growth factor (TGF) superfamily, has recently been identified as a possible aging biomarker and has been linked to a variety of clinical conditions, including coronary artery disease, diabetes, and multiple cancer types. Thus, we obtained data from a publicly available single-cell sequencing RNA database and observed that GDF15, a critical protein in cellular senescence, is highly expressed in early OA. In addition, GDF15 is implicated in the senescence and modulation of MAPK14 in OA. Tissue and synovial fluid samples obtained from OA patients showed overexpression of GDF15. Next, we treated C20A4 cell lines with interleukin (IL)-1β with or without shGDF15 then removed the conditioned medium, and cultured C20A4 and HUVEC cell lines with the aforementioned media. We observed that C20A4 cells treated with IL-1β exhibited increased GDF15 secretion and that chondrocytes cultured with media derived from IL-1β-treated C20A4 exhibited senescence. HUVEC cell migration and tube formation were enhanced after culturing with IL-1β-treated chondrocyte media; however, decreased HUVEC cell migration and tube formation were noted in HUVEC cells cultured with GDF15-loss media. We tested the potential of inhibiting GDF15 by using a GDF15 neutralizing antibody, GDF15-nAb. GDF15-nAb exerted a similar effect, resulting in the molecular silencing of GDF15 in vivo and in vitro. Our results reveal that GDF15 is a driver of SnCCs and can contribute to OA progression by inducing angiogenesis.
Auxiliary partial orthotopic living donor liver transplantation in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis to overcome donor steatosis (2006)

The efficacy of auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation (APOLT) to overcome the problems associated with a markedly steatotic graft in a living donor has not been fully explored. We have recently performed APOLT in a patient with alcoholic liver disease, where the only potential candidate donor was affected by 50% macrovesicular steatosis and 30% microvesicular steatosis. The recipient's left liver was resected and the donor's left liver, corresponding to a 0.46% graft-to-recipient weight ratio, was orthotopically transplanted. The postoperative course of this patient was uneventful, except for a transient large amount of ascites. Native liver volume in the recipient serially decreased, and the volume of the graft serially increased after transplantation. Four months after transplantation, the donor and recipient are doing well with a normal liver function. In conclusion, APOLT may be a feasible solution for a markedly steatotic living donor graft in patients with alcoholic liver disease.
Beamforming Gain Measured on a 5G Test-Bed (2017)

This paper presents measurement results from different deployments with a 5G test-bed on a 15-GHz frequency band. The beam gain with a grid-of-beam solution applied to an 8x8 element antenna array is compared with a reference wide-beam power equivalent antenna. The beamforming gain in outdoor environment is found to be large, it is in the range of 10-13 dB in line-of-sight (LoS) and 7-12 dB in non-LoS. In a reflective and rich indoor environment, the gain is as expected lower but still substantial, 5-11 dB. The potential of a hybrid analog-digital solution is also assessed as an upper bound with perfect phase coherent combination of several beams. To reach an average beamforming gain of 14 dB it is sufficient with the combination of three beams in outdoor LoS, while eight beams are required in the indoor scenario.
Inhibitory effect of six herbal extracts on CYP2C8 enzyme activity in human liver microsomes (2014)

1. Herbal supplements widely used in the US were screened for the potential to inhibit CYP2C8 activity in human liver microsomes. The herbal extracts screened were garlic, echinacea, saw palmetto, valerian, black cohosh and cranberry. N-desethylamodiaquine (DEAQ) and hydroxypioglitazone metabolite formation were used as indices of CYP2C8 activity. 2. All herbal extracts showed inhibition of CYP2C8 activity for at least one of three concentrations tested. A volume per dose index (VDI) was calculated to determine the volume in which a dose should be diluted to obtain IC50 equivalent concentration. Cranberry and saw palmetto had a VDI value > 5.0 l per dose unit, suggesting a potential for interaction. 3. Inhibition curves were constructed and the IC50 (mean ± SE) values were 24.7 ± 2.7 μg/ml for cranberry and 15.4 ± 1.7 μg/ml for saw palmetto. 4. The results suggest a potential for cranberry or saw palmetto extracts to inhibit CYP2C8 activity. Clinical studies are needed to evaluate the significance of this interaction.
Physical Layer Performance (2010)

This chapter presents coverage and capacity results and investigates the impact of the radio propagation environment, advanced base station (Node B) solutions, and WCDMA physical layer parameters. The advanced base station solutions include both baseband and antenna techniques. Cell coverage is especially important in terms of the initial network deployment investment, where the offered traffic load does not set demands for a fine grid of cells. The chapter analyses WCDMA network coverage. The importance of capacity will increase after the initial coverage deployment when the amount of traffic increases; WCDMA capacity is presented. The chapter, also presents the WCDMA air interface capacity, which is limited by interference. It presents the results from field capacity trials. The chapter analyses the 3GPP performance requirements and presents the possible performance enhancements that are supported by the 3GPP standard, including adaptive antenna structures and multiuser detection with advanced baseband processing. Controlled Vocabulary Terms base stations; multiaccess communication; multiuser detection
Dual energy imaging with a dual-layer flat panel detector (2019)

Dual Energy (DE) imaging has been widely used in digital radiography and fluoroscopy, as has dual energy CT for various medical applications. In this study, the imaging performance of a dynamic dual-layer a-Si flat panel detector (FPD) prototype was characterized for dual energy imaging tasks. Dual energy cone beam CT (DE CBCT) scans were acquired and used to perform material decomposition in the projection domain, followed by reconstruction to generate material specific and virtual monoenergetic (VM) images. The dual-layer FPD prototype was built on a Varex XRD 4343RF detector by adding a 200 μm thick CsI scintillator and a-Si panel of 150 μm pixel size on top as a low energy detector. A 1 mm copper filter was added as a middle layer to increase energy separation with the bottom layer as a high energy detector. The imaging performance, such as Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), Conversion Factor (CF), and Detector Quantum Efficiency (DQE) of both the top and bottom detector layers were characterized and compared with those of the standard single layer XRD4343 RF detector. Several tissue equivalent cylinders (solid water, liquid water, bone, acrylic, polyethylene, etc.) were placed on a rotating stand, and two separate 450-projection CBCT scans were performed under continuous 120 kV and 80 kV X-ray beams. After an empirical material decomposition calibration, water and bone images were generated for each projection, and their respective volumes were reconstructed using Varex’s CBCT Software Tools (CST 2.0). A VM image, which maximized the contrast-to-noise ratio of water to polyethylene, was generated based on the water and bone images. The MTF at 1.0 lp/mm from the low energy detector was 32% and 22% higher than the high energy detector and the standard detector, respectively; the DQE of both high and low energy detectors is much lower than that of the standard XRD 4343RF detector. The CNR of water to polyethylene from the VM image improved by 50% over that from the low energy image alone at 120 kV, and by 80% at 80 kV. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a dual-layer FPD in applications such as DE CBCT for contrast enhancement and material decomposition. Further evaluations are underway.
Synthesis and Surface Functionalization of Hydride-Terminated Ge Nanocrystals Obtained from the Thermal Treatment of Ge(OH)2 (2017)

The synthesis of germanium nanocrystals (GeNCs) with well-defined surface chemistry is of considerable interest because of their potential applications in the optoelectronic, battery, and semiconductor industries. Modifying and tailoring GeNC surface chemistry provides an avenue by which reactivity, environmental compatibility (e.g., solubility, resistance to oxidation), and electronic properties may be tailored. Hydride-terminated GeNCs (H-GeNCs) are of particular interest because the reactivity of surface Ge-H bonds toward alkenes and alkynes via hydrogermylation affords the potential for convenient modification; however, these reactions and their scope have not been widely explored. This report describes a straightforward route for preparing a GeNC/GeO<sub>2</sub> composite via disproportionation of heretofore-unexplored Ge(II) oxide-based precursor from which the H-GeNCs were freed by subsequently chemical etching. The H-GeNCs were derivatized using a series of hydrogermylation approaches (i.e., thermally activated, radical-initiated, and borane-catalyzed). The presented findings indicate surface functionalization occurs under all conditions investigated; however the nature of surface species (i.e., monolayers vs multilayers) and surface coverage varies depending upon the conditions employed.