gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Malignant Sustained Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Women: (1997)

Clinical rhythm, heart disease, ejection fraction, defibrillation threshold, recurrent arrhythmias, and mortality were compared in 268 consecutive recipients (213 men and 55 women) of their first implantable cardioverter defibrillator for life-threatening ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. Women were younger than men, less likely to have structural heart disease, and more likely to have clinical ventricular fibrillation, a higher ejection fraction, and a lower defibrillation threshold. Complications of defibrillator placement were similar in both sexes. Unadjusted survival tended to be higher in women than in men (97% vs 90%, respectively, at 2 years, P = 0.08), largely due to fewer deaths from noncardiac causes or cardiac causes other than arrhythmia (P = 0.04). Women also tended to be at lower, albeit still substantial, risk for recurrent arrhythmias during follow-up (37% vs 52% in men at 2 years, P = 0.11). After adjustment for baseline differences, overall survival, arrhythmia death-free survival, nonarrhythmia death-free survival, and frequency of recurrent arrhythmias were not found to be gender related. Despite their apparent "lower risk" status on initial presentation, women remained at substantial risk for recurrent arrhythmias. This underscores the need to avoid being unduly biased by the "appearance" of health in managing women with malignant arrhythmias. That survival and other clinical endpoints were all ultimately independent of gender emphasizes the importance of other clinical variables in assessing risk from ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Low-Cost Aerosol Exposure System for Guinea Pigs (2011)

This system has been tested for safety, ergonomics, efficiency of rodent exposure to bacteria, airflow, access points, seal mechanisms, and size. This system is effective, consistent, safe and cost efficient.
IMage-based satellite attitude estimation (2010)

Pushbroom sensors are widely used for earth observation from space; this camera captures 1-D image and uses straight motion of the satellite to build a 2-D image. Yet, attitude variations of the satellite during the aquisition process can lead to significant distortions in the 2-D image. Current solutions use inertial sensors to record attitude variations and correct images, but they are expensive and not accurate enough for high frequency variations. In this paper, we expose the problem and present an image registration method to estimate the satellite's attitude variations, and thus correct the distorted images. We use a Lucas Kanade framework to deduce the registration equation; the performances of our algorithm are shown on two satellite datasets.
Development of a four sub-cell inverted metamorphic multi-junction (IMM) highly efficient AM0 solar cell (2010)

We have identified the IMM structure as the best vehicle to achieve increased AM0 solar cell efficiency beyond the conventional 3-junction lattice matched GaInP/GaAs/Ge architecture. Building on our efforts to develop a 3J-IMM III–V based cell presented at the 33 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> PVSC [1], we have developed a 4J-IMM AM0 solar cell. The top three sub-cells are identical to that incorporated in our 3J-IMM cell. The fourth sub-cell is composed of 0.70eV GaInAs. This cell structure required an extension of the transparent metamorphic (MM) buffer layer to accommodate an additional 2% mismatch, a metamorphic tunnel diode, and the fourth (MM) sub-cell‥ The processing steps to fabricate this cell are very similar to those previously discussed with regard to the 3J-IMM cell. At 28°C, our best CICed (cover-glass interconnected cell) 4J-IMM 2×2 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cell achieved a 33.9% AM0 (135.3 mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) efficiency.
Sulphate as a xylem-borne chemical signal precedes the expression of ABA biosynthetic genes in maize roots (2010)

Recent reports suggest that early sensing of soil water stress by plant roots and the concomitant reduction in stomatal conductance may not be mediated by root-sourced abscisic acid (ABA), but that other xylem-borne chemicals may be the primary stress signal(s). To gain more insight into the role of root-sourced ABA, the timing and location of the expression of genes for key enzymes involved in ABA biosynthesis in Zea mays roots was measured and a comprehensive analysis of root xylem sap constituents from the early to the later stages of water stress was conducted. Xylem sap and roots were sampled from plants at an early stage of water stress when only a reduction in leaf conductance was measured, as well as at later stages when leaf xylem pressure potential decreased. It was found that the majority of ABA biosynthetic genes examined were only significantly expressed in the elongation region of roots at a later stage of water stress. Apart from ABA, sulphate was the only xylem-borne chemical that consistently showed significantly higher concentrations from the early to the later stages of stress. Moreover, there was an interactive effect of ABA and sulphate in decreasing maize transpiration rate and Vicia faba stomatal aperture, as compared to ABA alone. The expression of a sulphate transporter gene was also analysed and it was found that it had increased in the elongation region of roots from the early to the later stages of water stress. Our results support the suggestion that in the early stage of water stress, increased levels of ABA in xylem sap may not be due to root biosynthesis, ABA glucose ester catabolism or pH-mediated redistribution, but may be due to shoot biosynthesis and translocation to the roots. The analysis of xylem sap mineral content and bioassays indicate that the anti-transpirant effect of the ABA reaching the stomata at the early stages of water stress may be enhanced by the increased concentrations of sulphate in the xylem which is also transported from the roots to the leaves.
Mixed signal DWDM local area network using Bi-directional add drop multiplexers (2006)

The goal of this project is to demonstrate the versatility of a bi-directional add-drop multiplexer (BADM) in supporting a mixed signal environment with signal transparency on a DWDM mesh network at high data rates. Mesh architectures typically refer to a graph topology whose node degree is greater than one providing multiple connection paths between nodes. We establish the versatility of these devices in less than optimal mixed signal DWDM network configurations using four wavelengths with one dedicated wavelength as a QAM or analog channel and the other three for digital signals. The DWDM mesh architecture LAN based around BADM device lends itself well to avionics.
Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Titanium Nitride Ti4N3 (MXene) (2023)

This chapter reports on the synthesis of the first two-dimensional transition metal nitride, Ti4N3-based MXene. It delaminates the resulting MXene to produce few-layered nanosheets and monolayers of Ti4N3Tx, where T is a surface termination. The family of two-dimensional materials—solids with high aspect ratios and thicknesses of a few atomic layers—has grown far beyond graphene. Nitride MXenes have several potential advantages over their carbide counterparts. Transition metal nitrides are known to have higher electronic conductivities than carbides, they are therefore suitable candidates for electrodes in electrochemical capacitors. The oscillation modes of certain symmetry groups of Ti4AlN3 are labeled after fitting the spectra with products of Gaussian and Lorentzian functions.
Inter Domain considerations for Constrained Route distribution (2015)

[RFC4684] defines Multi-Protocol BGP (MP-BGP) procedures that allow
BGP speakers to exchange Route Target reachability information in
order to limit the propagation of Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI). [RFC4684] addresses
both intra domain and inter domain distributions. Based on operational
deployments, the current distribution model defined in [RFC4684] may
cause some issue in specific scenarios. This document refines the
route distribution rules for inter domain NLRIs in order to address
these specific scenarios.
Efficacy of ispaghula husk in the treatment of premenstrual constipation‐type symptoms (1998)

It is well documented that women are prone to constipation‐type symptoms premenstrually. An increase in non‐starch polysaccharide intake of 5.9 g/d in the form of palatable drink has proved to be of symptomatic benefit during the premenstrual phase of the cycle resulting in a significant increase in stool frequency, significant decreases in straining at the end of defecation and feelings of incomplete evacuation and the production of less well formed stools.
MR imaging of the aortic root and proximal coronary arteries (1987)

Six patients who had recently undergone selective coronary and left ventricular angiography were prospectively examined with MR to show the aortic root and proximal coronary arteries. The examinations were performed with a superconductive 1.5-T instrument with spin-echo sequences and ECG-gated multiple slices of 5-mm thickness. The location and plane direction of the scan were guided by findings on initial coronary MR scout scans and by a review of the angiograms. In four of the six patients both coronary orifices and the proximal centimeters of both coronary arteries were identified. In the remaining two, only the left proximal coronary artery was seen. Although segments of more peripherally located portions of the main coronary arteries and branches were detectable, a prospective and conclusive identification without knowledge of the angiographic anatomy would have been extremely difficult. Differential diagnostic problems, such as erroneous interpretation of pericardial recesses and coronary veins, were observed. Unsuccessful demonstration of the right coronary artery orifice in two cases coincided with more peripherally located occlusion of the vessels on the angiogram. MR with spin-echo sequences appears to be unsatisfactory for diagnosis of coronary arteriosclerotic disease, but it may be useful in other conditions that result in significant coronary dilatation, such as fistulae and aneurysms.
Analysis of the carrier-suppressed single-sideband modulators used to mitigate Rayleigh backscattering in carrier-distributed PON (2011)

By using the carrier-suppressed single-sideband (CS-SSB) modulation, the Rayleigh backscattering (RB) experienced by the uplink signal can be effectively mitigated due to the reduction of the spectral overlap between the uplink signal and the distributed optical carrier. In this work, we first introduce the theoretical analysis of the CS-SSB generation using the dual-drive MZM (DD-MZM)-based and a dual-parallel MZM (DP-MZM)-based optical networking units (ONUs). Due to the different modulation mechanisms of the two CS-SSB modulations, the frequency components of the generated CS-SSB signals are also different. The transmission performance and the dispersion tolerance of the uplink signals generated by the two CS-SSB modulators are also analyzed and discussed.
Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry: New Targets and Mechanisms, New Drugs, New Hopes–6 (2019)

Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry: New Targets and Mechanisms, New Drugs, New Hopes is a series of Editorials that is published on a biannual basis by the Editorial Board of the Medicinal Chemistry section of the journal <i>Molecules</i> [...].
Recovery of metals from electroplating wastes using liquid-liquid extraction (2016)

The most common wastewater treatment approach in electroplating operations has been the use of a total treatment system in which all of the waste is pooled and treated and the resulting metal-laden sludge appropri ately discarded. The compositions of these wastes will vary widely depending on the particular metal being plated and the treatment method. Today there are strong economic reasons to consider a recovery system as an alternative. There has been an exponentially rising cost of disposal of sludges contain ing toxic metals and decreasing numbers of landfills that will receive these sludges. Because of this increasing pressure for recovery, sev eral metal recovery methods have been investigated. Some of these techniques offer the potential for recovery of a specific metal if treating segregated metal waste streams. However, most have a common problem: the inability to handle sludges containing several metals of varying concentrations. For a method to be generally useful, it needs to be applicable to mixed sludges that then can be separated and recovered for reuse.
LEAP: Learning Articulated Occupancy of People (2021)

Substantial progress has been made on modeling rigid 3D objects using deep implicit representations. Yet, extending these methods to learn neural models of human shape is still in its infancy. Human bodies are complex and the key challenge is to learn a representation that generalizes such that it can express body shape deformations for unseen subjects in unseen, highly-articulated, poses. To address this challenge, we introduce LEAP (LEarning Articulated occupancy of People), a novel neural occupancy representation of the human body. Given a set of bone transformations (i.e. joint locations and rotations) and a query point in space, LEAP first maps the query point to a canonical space via learned linear blend skinning (LBS) functions and then efficiently queries the occupancy value via an occupancy network that models accurate identity- and pose-dependent deformations in the canonical space. Experiments show that our canonicalized occupancy estimation with the learned LBS functions greatly improves the generalization capability of the learned occupancy representation across various human shapes and poses, outperforming existing solutions in all settings.
Benchmarking non-photorealistic rendering of portraits (2017)

We present a set of images for helping NPR practitioners evaluate their image-based portrait stylisation algorithms. Using a standard set both facilitates comparisons with other methods and helps ensure that presented results are representative. We give two levels of difficulty, each consisting of 20 images selected systematically so as to provide good coverage of several possible portrait characteristics. We applied three existing portrait-specific stylisation algorithms, two general-purpose stylisation algorithms, and one general learning based stylisation algorithm to the first level of the benchmark, corresponding to the type of constrained images that have often been used in portrait-specific work. We found that the existing methods are generally effective on this new image set, demonstrating that level one of the benchmark is tractable; challenges remain at level two. Results revealed several advantages conferred by portrait-specific algorithms over general-purpose algorithms: portrait-specific algorithms can use domain-specific information to preserve key details such as eyes and to eliminate extraneous details, and they have more scope for semantically meaningful abstraction due to the underlying face model. Finally, we provide some thoughts on systematically extending the benchmark to higher levels of difficulty.
Preliminary crystallographic analysis of chloroperoxidase fromCaldariomyces fumago (1995)

Chloroperoxidase from the fungus Caldariomyces fumago has been crystallized in two space groups, C222(1) and P2(1)2(1)2(1) both of which are suitable for high-resolution X-ray studies. Parent data sets have been obtained to 2.16 A in space group C222(1) and 2.00 A in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1). Heavy-atom derivatives have been obtained with both forms and electron-density maps calculated. The heme has been located and continuous electron density between the heme and protein clearly indicates the location of the proximal ligand.
Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposited Anion-Conducting Solid-State Polymeric Electrolytes for All Solid-State Batteries: Impacts of Deposition Conditions and Polymer Composition on Performance Metrics (2022)

Achieving both high energy and power density, two traditionally opposed battery metrics, requires moving away from the 200+ years-old 2D layered battery configuration to a three-dimensional all solid-state battery (3D SSB) configuration. The enhanced power and energy benefits bestowed by a 3D SSB design have been demonstrated in the Li-ion 3D SSB literature. 1 However, due to limitations in thermal and electronic conductivity of Li-Ion active materials, 3D Li-ion SSBs are limited to microscale dimensions. A potential means around this limitation is to switch to conductive metal electrodes such as Zn and Ag, for which 3D architectures have been demonstrated. 2 In such a case, the remaining roadblock to a macroscale 3D SSB is the submicron-thick solid-state electrolyte, which requires a non-line-of-sight deposition method for incorporation into the complex 3D base electrode. Initiated chemical vapor deposition ( i CVD) is a non–line-of-sight method that is ideal for generating conformal polymer coatings on complex 3D architectures. We focus on polymers amenable to i CVD protocols that can be modified post-deposition to introduce anion conduction pathways that can facilitate Ag and Zn redox. Submicron-thick coatings of poly-dimethylaminomethylstyrene (pDMAMS) that are pinhole-free and electronically insulating on both 2D planar and complex 3D electrode architectures are prepared via i CVD. The pDMAMS coatings are rendered anion-conducting through a vapor-phase methylation process and subsequent ion exchange to yield desirable anion species (e.g., OH – , Br – , or HCO 3 – ). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ATR-IR spectroscopy, and solid-state magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy confirm the structure of the pDMAMS film before and after quaternization, while atomic force microscopy and cyclic voltammetry with redox probes confirm conformality and absence of pinholes in the submicron film. With the use of cyclic voltammetry and AC electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the electronic and ionic conductivities of the polymer films are measured before and after quaternization. Molecular dynamics simulations of pDMAMS as a function of anion and H2O content in the film are used to generate computational results (e.g., glass-transition temperature Tg, anion conductivity) for comparison to experimental results. 1. Long, J.W.; Dunn, B.; Rolison, D.R.; White, H.S. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 10, 4463–4492. 2. Parker, J.F.; Chervin, C.N.; Nelson, E.S.; Rolison, D.R.; Long, J.W. Energy Environ Sci. 2014, 7 , 1117-1124.
Associations of Luminal and Basal Subtyping of Prostate Cancer With Prognosis and Response to Androgen Deprivation Therapy (2017)

Luminal- and basal-like prostate cancers demonstrate divergent clinical behavior, and patients with luminal B tumors respond better to postoperative ADT than do patients with non–luminal B tumors. These findings contribute novel insight into prostate cancer biology, providing a potential clinical tool to personalize ADT treatment for prostate cancer by predicting which men may benefit from ADT after surgery.
Purification of Bovine Brain Adenylyl Cyclase with a Novel Derivative of Forskolin: Evidence for a High Specific Activity form of the Enzyme (1996)

An improved affinity support for the purification of adenylyl cyclase was prepared from 7-desacetyl-7-aminoethylaminocarbonyl forskolin. This analog allows convenient synthesis of an affinity matrix that is chemically stable, with-standing repeated use for up to two years, and efficient, yielding purifications of adenylyl cyclase from solubilized bovine brain membranes of 2,000-6,000 fold in a single step. Immunoblotting data suggest that the majority of the enzyme purified in this fashion differs from forms described previously. Since the specific activity of this preparation is substantially higher than that described in previous reports, it is possible that the purification described here selects, presumably on the basis of affinity for forskolin, for a form of adenylyl cyclase with higher specific activity than any described previously.
Expression levels of the JAK/STAT pathway in the transition from hormone-sensitive to hormone-refractory prostate cancer (2007)

The main cause of prostate cancer-related mortality is the development of hormone-refractory disease. Circulating serum levels of IL-6 are raised in hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients and evidence from cell line studies suggests that the IL-6R/JAK/STAT3 pathway may be involved in development of this disease. In the current study we investigate if expression levels of these family members are implicated in the development of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Immunohistochemistry using IL-6R, JAK1, STAT3, pSTAT3(Tyr705) and pSTAT3(Ser727) antibodies was performed on 50 matched hormone-sensitive and hormone-refractory tumours pairs. An increase in expression of cytoplasmic IL-6 receptor, with the development of hormone-refractory prostate cancer was associated with reduced time to relapse (P=0.0074) while an increase in expression of cytoplasmic pSTAT3(Tyr705) was associated with reduced patient survival (P=0.0003). In addition, those patients with high expression of cytoplasmic pSTAT3(Tyr705) in their hormone-refractory tumours had significantly shorter time to death from biochemical relapse and overall survival in comparison to those patients with low expression of cytoplasmic pSTAT3(Tyr705) (P=0.002 and P=0.0027, respectively). Activation of STAT3, via phosphorylation is associated with reduced patient survival, suggesting that activation of the IL-6R/JAK/STAT3 pathway is involved with development of hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Identification of Amino Acids Responsible for Processivity in a Family 1 Carbohydrate-Binding Module from a Fungal Cellulase (2010)

We probe the molecular-level behavior of the Family 1 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) from a commonly studied fungal cellulase, the Family 7 cellobiohydrolase (Cel7A) from Trichoderma reesei, on the hydrophobic face of crystalline cellulose. With a fully atomistic model, we predict that the CBM alone exhibits regions of thermodynamic stability along a cellulose chain corresponding to a cellobiose unit, which is the catalytic product of the entire Cel7A enzyme. In addition, we determine which residues and the types of interactions that are responsible for the observed processivity length scale of the CBM: Y5, Q7, N29, and Y32. These results imply that the CBM can anchor the Cel7A enzyme at discrete points along a cellulose chain and thus aid in both recognizing cellulose chain ends for initial attachment to cellulose as well as aid in enzymatic catalysis by diffusing between stable wells on a length scale commensurate with the catalytic, processive cycle of Cel7A during cellulose hydrolysis. Comparison of other Family 1 CBMs show high functional homology to the four amino acids responsible for the processivity length scale on the surface of crystalline cellulose, which suggests that Family 1 CBMs may generally employ this type of approach for translation on the cellulose surface. Overall, this work provides further insight into the molecular-level mechanisms by which a CBM recognizes and interacts with cellulose.