gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel amidines and analogues as promising agents against intracellular parasites: a systematic review (2013)

Parasitic protozoa comprise diverse aetiological agents responsible for important diseases in humans and animals including sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis and others. They are major causes of mortality and morbidity in tropical and subtropical countries, and are also responsible for important economic losses. However, up to now, for most of these parasitic diseases, effective vaccines are lacking and the approved chemotherapeutic compounds present high toxicity, increasing resistance, limited efficacy and require long periods of treatment. Many of these parasitic illnesses predominantly affect low-income populations of developing countries for which new pharmaceutical alternatives are urgently needed. Thus, very low research funding is available. Amidine-containing compounds such as pentamidine are DNA minor groove binders with a broad spectrum of activities against human and veterinary pathogens. Due to their promising microbicidal activity but their rather poor bioavailability and high toxicity, many analogues and derivatives, including pro-drugs, have been synthesized and screened in vitro and in vivo in order to improve their selectivity and pharmacological properties. This review summarizes the knowledge on amidines and analogues with respect to their synthesis, pharmacological profile, mechanistic and biological effects upon a range of intracellular protozoan parasites. The bulk of these data may contribute to the future design and structure optimization of new aromatic dicationic compounds as novel antiparasitic drug candidates.
Design of Varactor-Based Tunable Matching Networks for Dynamic Load Modulation of High Power Amplifiers (2009)

In this paper, the design of varactor-based tunable matching networks for dynamic load modulation of high power amplifiers (PAs) is presented. Design guidelines to overcome the common breakdown, and tunability problems of the varactors for high power applications are proposed. Based on the guidelines, using commercially available abrupt junction silicon varactors, a tunable matching network is built and measured. The matching network is then used for load modulation of a 1-GHz 7-W class-E LDMOS PA. Static measurements of the load modulated PA show that the power-added efficiency of the PA is improved by an absolute value of 10% at 10-dB backoff. This promising result proves, for the first time, the feasibility of load modulation techniques for high-power applications in the gigahertz frequency range.
Induction machine design methodology for self-sensing: Balancing saliencies and power conversion properties (2009)

Zero to low speed, flux or rotor position self-sensing techniques rely on the interaction of saliencies (asymmetries) with an injected signal or special switching pattern in the inverter to produce a response which contains information about the location of the saliency. In this paper three types of deterministic spatial rotor position saliencies are introduced into an induction machine. The saliencies were created by modulating the 1) rotor bridge opening width, 2) rotor bridge opening height, and 3) rotor bridge opening fill. The influence of saliency geometric design variables on self-sensing and power conversion properties is determined using a design of experiments and response surface methodology. An example induction machine design, which maximizes self-sensing properties while preserving power conversion abilities, is presented. Modulation of the rotor bridge fill appears to be the least desirable saliency type. Both rotor bridge opening width and height modulations can be used successfully but the rotor bridge opening width modulation requires extra simulations to characterize self-sensing properties.
Low-Pressure Direct-Liquid-Cooling Technology for GaN Power Transistors (2011)

Power concentration due to tremendous chip size reduction requires superior thermal conductivity. We first demonstrate the reduction in junction temperatures in low-pressure direct liquid cooling (LP-DLC) of GaN power devices for high-power and high-voltage switching applications. In the LP-DLC structure, junction temperature reductions of up to 55 K or 100% higher power levels were demonstrated by introducing a working fluid to a package. The thermal resistance has decreased to 28% in the LP-DLC structure with a radiator.
Development and Deployment Assessment of a Melt-Down Proof Modular Micro Reactor (MDP-MMR) (2018)

The objective of this project is to perform feasibility assessment and technology gap analysis and establish a development roadmap for an innovative and highly compact Micro Modular Reactor (MMR) concept that integrates power production, power conversion and electricity generation in a single unit. The MMR is envisioned to use fully ceramic micro-encapsulated (FCM) fuel, a particularly robust form of TRISO fuel, and to be gas-cooled (e.g., He or CO2) and capable of generating power in the range of 10 to 40 MW-thermal. It is designed to be absolutely melt-down proof (MDP) under all circumstances including complete loss of coolant scenarios with no possible release of radioactive material, to be factory produced, to have a cycle length of greater than 20 years, and to be highly proliferation resistant. In addition, it will be transportable, retrievable and suitable for use in remote areas. As such, the MDP-MMR will represent a versatile reactor concept that is suitable for use in various applications including electricity generation, process heat utilization and propulsion.
Evaluation of antioxidant activity and phytochemical analysis of Mentha microphylla C.Koch extracts (2009)

The genus Mentha belongs to the Lamiaceae family and it consists of ca. 25–30 species of subcosmopolitan distribution, of which 7 are found in the Greek territory. Members of the genus Mentha are known for their spasmolytic, antibacterial and antigenotoxic properties1. Extracts (dichloromethane, methanol, water) of M. microphylla, M. aquatica, M. longifolia and M. pulegium were obtained with A.S.E (Accelerated Solvent Extraction). Methanolic and aqueous extracts were tested for DPPH scavenging and Total Phenolic Content and showed very strong antioxidant activity. Among them M. microphylla C.Koch was chosen for further phytochemical investigation. The Total Phenolic Content for M.microphylla C.Koch was 315.5mg GAE/g of ethanolic extract and 274.5mg GAE/g of aqueous extract. The DPPH %ΔA values were 100% for the ethanolic and 98% for the aqueous extract relatively. Dichloromethanic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts were received with conventional extraction. From the dichloromethanic extract several monoterpenes (i.e. piperitone, piperitenone oxide), triterpenes (i.e. β-amyrin), phenolic compounds (i.e. thymol) and a luteolin derivative were isolated by classic column chromatography. On the other hand, the ethanolic and aqueous extracts were fractionated with F.C.P.C (Fast Centrifugal Partition Chromatography) technique and were proved to be rich sources of rosmarinic acid and flavonoid compounds (i.e. diosmin). Structural elucidation of all compounds was determined by spectroscopic methods (NMR 1D, 2D).
Effect of remote ischemic postconditioning on patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (2014)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) on graft function and acute kidney injury (AKI) after living donor liver transplantation (LT). Recipients undergoing elective living donor LT were randomly assigned to either the RIPostC group or the control group. Immediately after reperfusion, 4 cycles of ischemia and reperfusion lasting for 5 minutes each were performed on 1 upper limb in the RIPostC group. Graft function was assessed through evaluations of the serum levels of total bilirubin and liver enzymes and the prothrombin time for 28 days after surgery. The incidence of AKI, as defined by the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage Kidney Disease classification, was evaluated within 28 days of the operation. In addition, the incidences of graft dysfunction, acute cellular rejection, and major complications; the 1-, 3-, and 6-month mortality rates; the length of stay in the intensive care unit; and the length of hospital stay were also investigated. In all, 78 patients were enrolled in the analysis (n = 39 in each group). No differences in graft function or clinical outcomes were observed between the groups. The incidences of postoperative AKI were 38% (n = 15) in the RIPostC group and 72% (n = 28) in the control group ( P = 0.006). Despite no improvements in postoperative graft function, RIPostC decreased the incidence of postoperative AKI after living donor LT in this study. However, no other clinical benefits with respect to the complication rate, length of hospital stay, or short-term mortality rate were observed. Thus, further studies will be needed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of RIPostC in LT fully. Liver Transpl 20:1383-1392, 2014 . © 2014 AASLD.
Suppressors of a genetic regulatory mutation affecting isoleucine-valine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12 (1978)

Escherichia coli K-12 mutant PS187 carries a mutation, ilvA538, in the structural gene for the biosynthetic L-threonine deaminase that leads to a leucine-sensitive growth phenotype, an isoleucine- and leucine-hypersensitive L-threonine deaminase, and pleiotropic effects resulting in abnormally low and invariant expression of some of the isoleucine-valine biosynthetic enzymes. Fifty-eight derivatives of strain PS187 were isolated as resistant to growth inhibition by leucine, by valine, or by valine plus glycly-valine and were biochemically, genetically, and physiologically characterized. All of these derivatives produced the feedback-hypersensitive L-threonine deaminase, and thus presumably possess the ilvA538 allele of the parent strain. Elevated synthesis of L-threonine deaminase was observed in 41 of the 58 isolates. Among 18 strains analyzed genetically, only those with mutations linked to the ilv gene clusters at 83 min produced elevated levels of L-threonine deaminase. One of the strains, MSR91, isolated as resistant to valine plus glycyl-valine, was chosen for more detailed study. The locus in strain MSR91 conferring resistance was located in four factor crosses between ilvE and rbs, and is in or near the ilvO gene postulated to be a site controlling the expression of the ilvEDA genes. Synthesis of the ilvEDA gene products in strain MSR91 is constitutive and derepressed approximately 200-fold relative to the parent strain, indicating that the genetic regulatory effects of the ilvA538 allele have been suppressed. Strain MSR91 should be suitable for use in purification of the ilvA538 gene product, since enzyme synthesis is fully derepressed and the suppressor mutation is clearly not located within the ilvA gene.
Data Parallel Path Tracing with Object Hierarchies (2022)

We propose a new approach to rendering production-style content with full path tracing in a data-distributed fashion---that is, with multiple collaborating nodes and/or GPUs that each store only part of the model. In particular, we propose a new approach to ray-forwarding based data-parallel ray tracing that improves over traditional spatial partitioning, that can support both object-hierarchy and spatial partitioning (or any combination thereof), and that employs multiple techniques for reducing the number of rays sent across the network. We show that this approach can simultaneously achieve higher flexibility in model partitioning, lower memory per node, lower bandwidth during rendering, and higher performance; and that it can ultimately achieve interactive rendering performance for non-trivial models with full path tracing even on quite moderate hardware resources with relatively low-end interconnect.
Z-Scheme nanocomposite with high redox ability for efficient cleavage of lignin C–C bonds under simulated solar light (2021)

Ag 3 PO 4 –PCN nanocomposite effectively cleaves C–C bonds of β-1 lignin models under simulated solar light mainly through an electron–hole coupled mechanism. The strong redox capability of the Z-scheme photocatalyst is the key to high efficiency.
Nanocrystal quantum dots: building blocks for tunable optical amplifiers and lasers (2001)

We study optical processes relevant to optical amplification and lasing in CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots (NQD). NQDs are freestanding nanoparticles prepared using solution-based organometallic reactions originally developed for the Cd chalcogenides, CdS, CdSe and CdTe [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 8706 (1993)]. We investigate NQDs with diameters ranging from 2 to 8 nm. Due to strong quantum confinement, they exhibit size-dependent spectral tunability over an energy range as wide as several hundred meV. We observe a strong effect of the matrix/solvent on optical gain properties of CdSe NQDs. In most of the commonly used solvents (such as hexane and toluene), gain is suppressed due to strong photoinduced absorption associated with carriers trapped at solvent-related interface states. In contrast, matrix-free close packed NQD films (NQD solids) exhibit large optical gain with a magnitude that is sufficiently high for the optical gain to successfully compete with multiparticle Auger recombination [Science 287, 10117 (2000)]. These films exhibit narrowband stimulated emission at both cryogenic and room temperature, and the emission color is tunable with dot size [Science 290, 314 (2000)]. Moreover, the NQD films can be incorporated into microcavities of different geometries (micro-spheres, wires, tubes) that produce lasing in whispering gallery modes. The facile preparation, chemical flexibility and wide-range spectral tunability due to strong quantum confinement are the key advantages that should motivate research into NQD applications in optical amplifiers and lasers.
Degradation of Protein by Mixed Cultures of Rumen Bacteria: Identification of Streptococcus Bovis as an Actively Proteolytic Rumen Bacterium1 (1981)

Mixed cultures of rumen bacteria were inoculated into anaerobic buffer solutions containing mixed carbohydrates, casein and ammonia, and rates of bacterial growth, protein degradation, ammonia formation or utilization and lactate production were determined. Bacterial growth rate was varied by the provision of excess carbohydrate (one large dose at the onset of the incubation) or limited carbohydrate (small doses every hour or every 2 hr). When carbohydrate was limited, growth rate was slow, the extent of protein degradation was small and lactate did not accumulate in the fermentation vessels. Lactate production and protein degradation were also negligible during the initial phases of the high carbohydrate, fast growth rate incubations, but large increases in each were seen after 3 hours. Microscopic examination of the fast growth incubations revealed large numbers of small ovoid cells similar to Streptococcus bovis, while tha slow growth incubations exhibited a variety of morophological types and very few small ovoid cells. Because the lactic acid and morphological data suggested that proliferation of S. bovis might be responsible for rapid proteolysis, effects of gram-positive antibiotics were examined. When compared against a fast growth control, both thiopeptin (5 ppm) and monensin (5ppm) were found to decrease protein degradation, but the inhibition by thiopeptin (50%) was greater than that by monensin (13%). The ratios of protein degraded to bacteria protein synthesized were .659, .362 and .628 for the control, thiopeptin and monensin treatments, respectively. Actively proteolytic strains of S. bovis were isolated from fast growth incubations, and subsequent experiments showed that the ratio of protein degraded to bacterial protein synthesized was approximately 1.50. Collectively, the data indicate that S. bovis is a very proteolytic rumen bacterium.
13C and 15N Resonance Assignments of Alpha Synuclein Fibrils Amplified from Lewy Body Dementia Tissue (2023)

Fibrils of the protein α-synuclein (Asyn) are implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson Disease, Lewy Body Dementia, and Multiple System Atrophy. Numerous forms of Asyn fibrils have been studied by solid-state NMR and resonance assignments have been reported. Here, we report a new set of <sup>13</sup>C, <sup>15</sup>N assignments that are unique to fibrils obtained by amplification from postmortem brain tissue of a patient diagnosed with Lewy Body Dementia.
Self-assembled “Supra-molecular” Structures via Hydrogen Bonding and Aromatic/Aliphatic Microphase Separation on Different Length Scales in Symmetric-Tapered Bisamides (2004)

Self-assembled “supra-molecular” liquid-crystalline phases were investigated in one of a series of symmetrically tapered bisamides based on an amide core of 1,2-bis[3,4,5-tris(alkan-1-yloxy)benzamido]benzene and three alkyl tails on each side of the core. One of this series of bisamides having 14 carbon atoms in each tail (abbreviated as C14PhBA) served as an example in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry thermal diagrams showed two main phase transition processes in C14PhBA. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction results revealed that the high-temperature phase transition is between the isotropic melt (I) and a 2D low-ordered oblique columnar phase (I ↔ ΦOB). The low-temperature phase transition was attributed to the transition between a highly ordered, oblique columnar (ΦOK) phase and the ΦOB phase. Supra-molecular columns were directly visualized using transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The formation of these supra-molecular structures is critically dependent upon the construction of building blocks (“columns”) by C14PhBA molecules. These building blocks developed via rigid amide core/alkyl tail micro-phase separation and the hydrogen (H) bond formation between the N−H and carbonyl groups among the cores. Spectroscopic studies showed that the columns were stabilized by intercore H-bonds oriented along the column long axis, and the alkyl tails in the ΦOK phase were packed into an ordered mesophase having about 64% of the methylene carbon atoms in long trans segments at room temperature. In the ΦOB phase, the alkyl tails adopt liquidlike disordered conformations. The high- and low-temperature phase transitions were thus mainly attributed to the sudden changes in H-bonding and alkyl tail conformation, respectively. A detailed packing model of the ΦOK phase was proposed and qualitatively proven using a simulated structural diffraction.
Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[1,4]dithiin-Fused Porphyrins (2010)

Abstract This article describes the preparation of (ethylenedithio)bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene-fused porphyrins 13 and 14a,b as soluble precursors of 2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dithiin-fused porphyrins and the retro Diels–Alder conversion of the precursors 13 and 14a,b. Keywords: Benzo[1,4]dithiinbenzoporphyrinretro Diels–Alder reactionring expansion reaction of 1,3-dithiolane Acknowledgments Dedicated to Professor Naomichi Furukawa on the occasion of his 70th birthday. This work was partially supported by the Sasagawa Scientific Research Grant from The Japan Science Society (G.J.). We used ethyl isocyanoacetate from the Nippon Synthetic Chem. Ind. (Osaka Japan).
Quenching and Re-Initiation of Detonation Waves - Modelling and Simulation of the Phenomena and Application for Improved Detonation Arrester Design. (1996)

The numerical study of detonation driven propagation processes is relatively recent because it depends on the availability of high performance computers and specialized numerical algorithms to handle the governing equations. Numerical simulation can be used at a number of levels to study detonations. In this paper modelling and numerical simulation of the governing phenomena is used both as a research tool to investigate the fundamental interactions between shock-induced combustion and geometries and to analyze and predict detonation propagation including shock and flame decoupling and recoupling in complex-geometries of technical applications such as industrial used detonation arresters. The simulation of initiation and quenching processes of gas-phase detonation propagation is based on solving the compressible, time-dependent conservation equations for mass density, momentum and energy and on a two-step chemistry describing the shock-induced energy release. The fluid dynamics are calculated as a inviscid flow using a two step MacCormack scheme with a FCT algorithm plus grid refinement to handle strong shock waves.
372: Intravesical Antisense Therapeutics Against Rat Beta NGF- Exploring Invitro & Invivo Potential (2004)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released by bladder urothelial cells (BUC) into the extracellular space can act as a nociceptive neurotransmitter by excitation of suburothelial sensory nerves. However, extracelluar A TP may also serve autocrine or paracrine function in affecting ATP release by BUC. We determined the fate of exogenous ATP when added to confluent cell cultures. We investigated the effects of exogenous ATP on intracellular ATP release in primary human BUC cultures in IC and control subjects. The findings support the hypothesis that altered purinergic mechanisms in BUC could help to explain hypersensory dysfunction in interstitial cystitis (IC) patients.
Cleansing RFID data based on RSSI estimation (2017)

The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) becomes one of the most used identification system in a huge number of applications. But the environment perturbations can provoke data loss during the communication tag to reader. To resolve this problem, we propose cleaning algorithms based on movement influence on the read rate. Our approach consists to use read rate to eliminate false negatives, false positives, and duplicates by following the signal variation for each tag. We develop two models for read rate estimation to offset the data loss and to correct false negative detections. Also we propose an algorithm for applications that present sensitivity to signal variations and require high accuracy on data rate.
Search for new physics in events with photons, jets, and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV (2013)

A bstract A search for physics beyond the standard model involving events with one or more photons, jets, and missing transverse energy has been performed by the CMS experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.93 fb −1 of proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV, produced at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess of events with large missing transverse energy is observed beyond expectations from standard model processes, and upper limits on the signal production cross sections for new physics processes are set at the 95% confidence level. The results of this search are interpreted in the context of three models of new physics: a general model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking, Simplified Models, and a theory involving universal extra dimensions. In the absence of evidence for new physics, exclusion regions are derived in the parameter spaces of the respective models.