gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low‐Voltage Magnetoelectric Coupling in Fe0.5Rh0.5/0.68PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3‐0.32PbTiO3 Thin‐Film Heterostructures (2021)

Abstract The rapid development of computing applications demands novel low‐energy consumption devices for information processing. Among various candidates, magnetoelectric heterostructures hold promise for meeting the required voltage and power goals. Here, a route to low‐voltage control of magnetism in 30 nm Fe 0.5 Rh 0.5 /100 nm 0.68PbMg 1/3 Nb 2/3 O 3 ‐0.32PbTiO 3 (PMN‐PT) heterostructures is demonstrated wherein the magnetoelectric coupling is achieved via strain‐induced changes in the Fe 0.5 Rh 0.5 mediated by voltages applied to the PMN‐PT. We describe approaches to achieve high‐quality, epitaxial growth of Fe 0.5 Rh 0.5 on the PMN‐PT films and, a methodology to probe and quantify magnetoelectric coupling in small thin‐film devices via studies of the anomalous Hall effect. By comparing the spin‐flop field change induced by temperature and external voltage, the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient is estimated to reach ≈7 × 10 −8 s m −1 at 325 K while applying a −0.75 V bias.
Novel Optical Phase Demodulator Based on a Sampling Phase-Locked Loop (2007)

A novel phase-locked coherent demodulator, based on a sampling phase-locked loop, is presented and investigated theoretically. The demodulator is capable of operating at high frequencies, by using optical sampling to downconvert the high-frequency input radio-frequency signal to the frequency range of the baseband loop. We develop a detailed theoretical model of the (sampling) phase-locked coherent demodulator and perform detailed numerical simulations. The simulation results show that the operation of the sampling demodulator resembles the operation of the baseband demodulator for very short optical pulses (<2 ps). Furthermore, we investigate how the signal-to-noise ratio of the demodulator is affected by timing and amplitude jitter of the pulsed optical source
Optimization of 2-Phenylaminoimidazo[4,5-h]isoquinolin-9-ones:  Orally Active Inhibitors of lck Kinase (2003)

The tyrosine kinase p56lck (lck) is essential for T cell activation; thus, inhibitors of lck have potential utility as autoimmune agents. Our initial disclosure of a new class of lck inhibitors based on the phenylaminoimidazoisoquinolin-9-one showed reasonable cellular activity but did not work in vivo upon oral administration. Our current work highlights the further use of rational drug design and molecular modeling to produce a series of lck inhibitors that demonstrate cellular activity below 100 nM and are as efficacious as cyclosporin A in an in vivo mouse model of anti-CD3-induced IL-2 production.
Universality of Viscosity Dependence of Translational Diffusion Coefficients of Carbon Monoxide, Diphenylacetylene, and Diphenylcyclopropenone in Ionic Liquids under Various Conditions (2015)

Translational diffusion coefficients of diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP), diphenylacetylene (DPA), and carbon monoxide (CO) in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([BMIm][NTf2]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([EMIm][NTf2]) were determined by the transient grating (TG) spectroscopy under pressure from 0.1 to 200 MPa at 298 K and from 298 to 373 K under 0.1 MPa. Diffusion coefficients of these molecules at high temperatures in tributylmethylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([P4441][NTf2]), and tetraoctylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([P8888][NTf2]), and also in the mixtures of [BMIm][NTf2], N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([Pp13][NTf2]), and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([P66614][NTf2]) with ethanol or chloroform have been determined. Diffusion coefficients except in ILs of phosphonium cations were well scaled by the power law of T/η, i.e., (T/η)(P), where T and η are the absolute temperature and the viscosity, irrespective of the solvent species, pressure and temperature, and the compositions of mixtures. The values of the exponent P were smaller for the smaller size of the molecules. On the other hand, the diffusion coefficients in ILs of phosphonium cations with longer alkyl chains were larger than the values expected from the correlation obtained by other ILs and conventional liquids. The deviation becomes larger with increasing the number of carbon atoms of alkyl-chain of cation, and with decreasing the molecular size of diffusing molecules. The molecular size dependence of the diffusion coefficient was correlated by the ratio of the volume of the solute to that of the solvent as demonstrated by the preceding work (Kaintz et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 2013 , 117 , 11697 ). Diffusion coefficients have been well correlated with the power laws of both T/η and the relative volume of the solute to the solvent.
Implication of SPARC in the modulation of the extracellular matrix and mitochondrial function in muscle cells (2018)

Secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is differentially associated with cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly. We show here the effect of exogenous SPARC inhibition/induction on ECM and mitochondrial proteins expression and on the differentiation of C2C12 cells. The cells were cultured in growth medium (GM) supplemented with different experimental conditions. The differentiation of myoblasts was studied for 5 days, the expressions of ECM and mitochondrial proteins were measured and the formation of the myotubes was quantified after exogenous induction/inhibition of SPARC. The results indicate that the addition of recombinant SPARC protein (rSPARC) in cell culture medium increased the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and myogenin expression during the myotube formation. However, the treatment with antibody specific for SPARC (anti-SPARC) prevented the differentiation and decreased myogenin expression. The induction of SPARC in the proliferating and differentiating C2C12 cells increased collagen 1a1 protein expression, whereas the inhibition decreased it. The effects on fibronectin protein expression were opposite. Furthermore, the addition of rSPARC in C2C12 myoblast increased the expression of mitochondrial proteins, ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein II (UQCRC2) and succinate dehydrogenase iron-sulfur subunit (SDHB), whereas the anti-SPARC decreased them. During the differentiation, only the anti-SPARC had the effects on mitochondrial proteins, NADH dehydrogenase ubiquinone 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8 (NADHB8), SDHB and cytochrome c oxidase 1 (MTCO1). Thus, SPARC plays a crucial role in the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 and may be involved in the link between the ECM remodeling and mitochondrial function.
PDF optimized parametric vector quantization of speech line spectral frequencies (2003)

A computationally efficient, high quality, vector quantization scheme based on a parametric probability density function (PDF) is proposed. In this scheme, the observations are modeled as i.i.d realizations of a multivariate Gaussian mixture density. The mixture model parameters are efficiently estimated using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. A low complexity quantization scheme using transform coding and bit allocation techniques which allows for easy mapping from observation to quantized value is developed for both fixed rate and variable rate systems. An attractive feature of this method is that source encoding using the resultant codebook involves very few searches and its computational complexity is minimal and independent of the rate of the system. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is bit scalable and can switch seamlessly between a memoryless quantizer and a quantizer with memory. The usefulness of the approach is demonstrated for speech coding where Gaussian mixture models are used to model speech line spectral frequencies. The performance of the memoryless quantizer is 1-3 bits better than conventional quantization schemes.
Availability optimization of static path-protected WDM networks (2003)

We developed a heuristic procedure to optimize wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks with reliability as objective function. Optimization experiments have been carried out on a case study network, exploring the trade-off between network cost and reliability.
OSNR Monitoring for Fault Management in High Speed Networks (2002)

OSNR degradation at an optical performance monitoring site within a network is correlated with end terminal performance for fault localization. Sensitivity to 25 dB OSNR is shown to be sufficient for identifying faults that impact the end terminal.
Nanodiagnostics: A New Frontier for Clinical Laboratory Medicine (2006)

Nanodiagnostics promise increased sensitivity, multiplexing capabilities, and reduced cost for many diagnostic applications as well as intracellular imaging. Further work is needed to fully optimize these diagnostic nanotechnologies for clinical laboratory setting and to address the potential health and environmental risks related to QDs.
A rapid microassay to evaluate enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates (2005)

Current attempts to produce ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass are focused on the optimization of pretreatment to reduce substrate recalcitrance and the improvement of enzymes for hydrolysis of the cellulose and hemicellulose components to produce fermentable sugars. Research aimed at optimizing both aspects of the bioconversion process involves assessment of the effects of multiple variables on enzyme efficiency, resulting in large factorial experiments with intensive assay requirements. A rapid assay for lignocellulose hydrolysis has been developed to address this need. Pretreated lignocellulose is formed into handsheets, which are then used to prepare small disks that are easily dispensed into microtiter plates. The hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose is estimated using an enzyme-coupled spectrophotometric assay. Using disks prepared from ethanol organosolv pretreated yellow poplar, it is shown that the assay generates data comparable with those produced by hydrolysis of pretreated yellow poplar pulp in Erlenmeyer flasks, followed by HPLC analysis of glucose. The assay shows considerable time and cost benefits over the standard assay protocol and is applicable to a broad range of lignocellulosic substrates.
Salience Network Disruption in U.S. Army Soldiers With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (2019)

In PTSD, increased connectivity within the salience network has been previously hypothesized, based primarily on seed-based connectivity findings. The current results strongly support this hypothesis using whole-brain network measure in a fully data-driven approach. It remains to be seen in future studies whether these identified salience disturbances would normalize following treatment.
Formation of a Superconducting Mixture of β-Mo2C Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes in an Amorphous Matrix of Molybdenum Compounds by the Pyrolysis of a Molybdenum Derivative of a Carboranylenesiloxane (2005)

A pyrolytic treatment (to 1000 °C) of the organometallic reaction product of the thermo-oxidatively stable carboranylenesiloxane, 1, and cyclopentadienylmolybdenum tricarbonyl dimer, Cp2Mo2(CO)6, was discovered to yield nanoparticles of Mo2C concomitantly with carbon nanotubes in an amorphous matrix of Mo compounds. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the Mo2C nanoparticles possess the hexagonal phase. A peak fit analysis using a Gaussian distribution function of the X-ray diffraction data revealed that 80% of the total molybdenum units in the mixture exist as β-Mo2C nanoparticles. The presence of the carbon nanotubes dispersed in the amorphous matrix was determined by both X-ray diffraction and high-resolution TEM analyses. The pyrolytic residue was determined to be superconducting with a critical temperature (Tc) of 8 K. A comparative analysis of Tc value of the residue and the reported individual Tc values of the various components in the residue (β-Mo2C, carbon nanotubes, and some possible Mo compounds) pointed to β-Mo2C as the most probable cause for the superconductivity in the residue.
Autonomous Distributed Power Control Algorithms for Interference Mitigation in Multi-Antenna Cellular Networks (2011)

Interference mitigation has a great potential for improving the performance of current usually interference limited wireless networks. Since centralized "full" cooperation between base stations is still prohibitively complex, distributed schemes are of great interest. In this paper we compare three distributed algorithms for autonomous power control in 4G wireless networks and evaluate their applicability for different user mobility assumptions. The algorithms are based on network utility maximization, gradually and autonomously steering the network towards a higher utility. Besides different additional feedback and messaging requirements, the algorithms mainly differ in the granularity of power control, from controlling frequency subband power via controlling the power on a per-beam basis through to only enforcing average power constraints per beam. For comparison we use extensive system-level simulations indicating high gains compared to no power control. Moreover, it turns out that higher gains can be achieved by imposing average power constraints and allowing opportunistic scheduling instantaneously, rather than controlling the power in a strict way. Finally, we investigate the deviation from global optimality of the general framework by comparing to a Branch-And-Bound solution.
A COMPARISON OF RESUSCITATION WITH PACKED RED BLOOD CELLS AND WHOLE BLOOD FOLLOWING HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN CANINES (1999)

Resuscitation with crystalloid and packed red blood cells has for the most part replaced the use of plasma and whole blood in the initial treatment of hemorrhagic shock. The effects of such changes on cardiovascular function following hemorrhagic shock remain largely unexplored. We examined cardiovascular function in anesthetized canines subjected to severe hemorrhagic shock. Mongrel canines of either gender were anesthetized with isoflurane and instrumented for measurement of arterial pressure, cardiac output, coronary flow, and left ventricular pressure and volume for the determination of end systolic elastance (Ees). Following a 30-min stabilization period, blood was rapidly removed to induce fixed pressure (mean arterial pressure = 35 mmHg) hemorrhagic shock for 90 min or until an arterial lactate of 7.0 mM was achieved. Animals were then resuscitated with 2/3 of the shed volume as lactated Ringer's and an equal volume of either whole blood (WB, n = 8) or packed red blood cells (PRBC, n = 10) resuspended in lactated Ringer's (LR) solution to replace expressed plasma volume. PRBC resuscitated dogs showed lower values of mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, rates of ventricular contraction and relaxation and myocardial work. Increasing the maintenance infusion rate of LR (10 mL/kg/h) following PRBC infusion normalized mean arterial pressure, but not other indices of cardiovascular function. Thus, WB, but not PRBC resuscitation restores normal myocardial function during resuscitation from severe hemorrhagic shock.
Essential role of NFATC4‐S‐palmitoylation to promote IP3R1‐expression required for lysosomal Ca ++ homeostasis dysregulated in INCL mice (2020)

Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (INCL), commonly known as infantile Batten disease, is a devastating neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease caused by inactivating mutations in the CLN1 gene. CLN1 encodes palmitoyl‐protein thioesterases‐1 (PPT1), a lysosomal depalmitoylating enzyme essential for degradation of S‐palmitoylated proteins (constituents of ceroid) by lysosomal hydrolases. Despite this discovery more than two decades ago, the precise molecular mechanism of INCL pathogenesis has remained elusive. Here we report that in the brain of Cln1 −/− mice, a reliable animal model of INCL, lysosomal Ca ++ levels were significantly lower compared with those of their WT littermates. Moreover, in Cln1 −/− mice the levels of inositol 1, 4, 5‐triphosphate receptor type‐1 (IP3R1), which facilitates the transport of Ca ++ from the ER to the lysosome, were also substantially lower. We found that NFATC4, the transcription factor that regulates Ip3R1‐expression, requires S‐palmitoylation for its translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus. Notably, we identified ZDHHC2 and ZDHHC4 are the palmitoyl acyl transferases that S‐palmitoylate NFATC4. Moreover, the lower levels of these ZDHHCs, S‐palmitoylation of NFATC4 in Cln1 −/− mice was significantly decreased suppressing its translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus. Consequently, low IP3R1 expression in Cln1 −/− mouse brain significantly reduced lysosomal Ca ++ levels. Notably, the enzymatic activities of Ca ++ ‐dependent lysosomal proteases such as cathepsin D (CD) and tripeptidyl peptidase‐1 (TPP1) were markedly inhibited causing lysosomal accumulation of undegraded substrates. Interestingly, mutations in TPP1 ( CLN2 ) and CD ( CLN10 ), cause late infantile NCL (LINCL) and congenital NCL (CNCL), respectively. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized role of Cln1/Ppt1 in regulating lysosomal Ca ++ homeostasis and suggest that dysregulation of lysosomal Ca ++ homeostasis may compromise its degradative function and contribute to INCL pathogenesis. Studies to determine whether a brain‐penetrant, PPT1‐mimetic, small molecule, NtBuHA, ameliorates this defect are ongoing. Support or Funding Information NIH intramural Fund
Temporal Evolution of the Geometrical and Transport Properties of a Fracture/Proppant System Under Increasing Effective Stress (2015)

Summary A fracture/proppant system is used to mimic the interaction between the rock matrix and proppants during the process of fracture closing attributed to pore-pressure reduction during hydrocarbon production. Effects of rock type and bedding-plane direction are investigated. High-strength sintered bauxite proppants are placed in hydraulic fractures in sandstone and shale rock. There are two bedding-plane directions in shale rock: One is 90°, which is perpendicular to the fracture, whereas the other is 0°, which is parallel to the fracture. Increasing mechanical loading is imposed to close the fracture. Micrometer-scale X-ray tomography is used to visualize the internal structure. Cutting-edge image-processing methods are applied to extract patterns of both the fracture and matrix. A pore-scale lattice Boltzmann simulator, optimized with graphics-processing-unit parallel computing, is used to simulate the permeability tensor inside the fracture. Significant proppant embedment is observed in the sandstone rock when the effective stress is increased to 4,200 psi. Consequently, fracture porosity is reduced by nearly 70%, and permeability is reduced by two orders of magnitude. Embedded proppants are unable to create microscopic fractures on the matrix surface because of the low bonding strength between grains. In the shale rock with 90° bedding planes, when the effective stress is increased to 3,000 psi, significant microscopic fractures on the matrix surface are created because the lamination structure of the matrix is opened. In the shale rock with 0° bedding planes, noticeable microscopic fractures on the matrix surface are not observed until the effective stress is increased to 6,990 psi. Proppant embedment is insignificant because of the high bonding strength between fine grains. Significant anisotropy in the permeability tensor is observed during all experiments. This study is the first to use cutting-edge imaging and modeling methods to quantitatively study the interaction between proppants and the rock matrix during the stress-increase process. It has important applications, which help sustain production with adequate fracture conductivity in deep reservoirs (e.g., the Haynesville shale).
Optimization of vapor post-deposition processing for evaporated CdS/CdTe solar cells (1999)

The effects of thermal annealing in conjunction with CdCl2 vapor heat treatment on the properties of CdTe/CdS thin films and devices deposited by physical vapor deposition are reported. Results are compared for three treatment variations: high-temperature anneal only, high-temperature anneal followed by CdCl2 vapor heat treatment and CdCl2 vapor heat treatment only. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy show improved crystallographic properties of the CdTe film and reduced CdS/CdTe interdiffusion when a high-temperature anneal is used prior to CdCl2 treatment. The CdTe/CdS solar cells fabricated using an anneal at 550°C in argon prior to the CdCl2 vapor heat treatment exhibited improved electrical characteristics compared to cells fabricated with no anneal step, yielding an open-circuit voltage exceeding 850 mV. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imaging of experimental prostate cancer with pretargeted immunoPET and FDG-PET (2012)

112 Objectives TROP2 (epithelial glycoprotein-1, EGP-1) is a pancarcinoma marker that is expressed at high levels on virtually all prostate carcinomas (PC). The bispecific antibody TF12 (anti-TROP2 x anti-HSG (Histamine-Succinyl-Glycine)) effectively targets PC, and provides good tumor uptake of the radiolabeled di-HSG-peptide. In this study the potential of pretargeted immunoPET with TF12 and 68Ga-labeled diHSG-hapten (IMP288) is studied in mice with s.c. PC3 tumors, using 18F-FDG-PET as a reference. Methods Two groups of athymic mice (n=5) bearing s.c. PC3 xenografts were examined. The first group was injected first with 18F-FDG (5 MBq) followed 2 days later by a pretargeting study using 2.5 nmol (462 μg) TF12 followed 16 h later with 0.1 nmol (160 ng, 5 MBq) of 68Ga -labeled di-HSG. The second group was examined first with pretargeting followed 2 days later by 18F-FDG-PET. In each group, animals were imaged 1 h after injection using a microPET/CT scanner, with all animals necropsied after the second imaging session to quantify tissue uptake. Results The pretargeting system revealed high uptake in the PC3 tumors (7.2±1.1% ID/g) and rapid blood clearance, resulting in excellent tumor-to-blood ratios (17.4±11.2) of 68Ga-IMP288 as early as 1 h after injection. Pretargeted immunoPET images nicely visualized the s.c. tumor with minimal activity in the kidneys (1.8±0.5% ID/g). Tumor uptake of 18F-FDG was significantly lower (3.4±0.9% ID/g, p Conclusions Pretargeting with TF12 in combination with 68Ga-IMP288 is an excellent system for specific pretargeted immunoPET of prostate cancer
Nano Stepping-Stone Laser (2013)

We report on a new type of photonic crystal laser structure, nano stepping-stones (NSSs), composed of a linear (or one-dimensional) chain of equally spaced discrete InAsP/InP multiple-quantum-well nanorods bonded onto a fused silica substrate. When optically pumped, the NSSs lased in a single band-edge mode with the polarization perpendicular to the direction along the NSSs. The cavity quality factor estimated from numerical simulations exceeded 104, and the measured threshold pump power density was as small as 285 W/cm2. Detailed emission spectra analyses confirmed that the lasing occurred at a photonic band-edge.
B0 shimming in a small volume at 9.4T: irregular coil geometry setup vs. loop coil setup (2017)

At high magnetic fields B0 inhomogeneities are more pronounced and B0 shimming becomes very important. Dynamic or slice based shimming always provides better results than global or shimming in a volume. For shimming in a small volume, we propose a setup composed of irregularly shaped coils. Performances of the proposed setup are compared to performances of the configuration composed of only loop elements. The setup with irregular coils shows improved performances over the setup containing only loop elements. Future work should validate performances of the proposed setup on different volume sizes and different brain’s B0 maps.