gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What’s Next? A Recommendation System for Industrial Training (2018)

Continuous training is crucial for creating and maintaining the right skill-profile for the industrial organization’s workforce. There is a tremendous variety in the available trainings within an organization: technical, project management, quality, leadership, domain-specific, soft-skills, etc. Hence it is important to assist the employee in choosing the best trainings, which perfectly suits her background, project needs and career goals. In this paper, we focus on algorithms for training recommendation in an industrial setting. We formalize the problem of next training recommendation, taking into account the employee’s training and work history. We present several new unsupervised sequence mining algorithms to mine the past trainings data from the organization for arriving at personalized next training recommendation. Using the real-life data about trainings of 118,587 employees over 5019 distinct trainings from a large multi-national IT organization, we show that these algorithms outperform several standard recommendation engine algorithms as well as those based on standard sequence mining algorithms.
A Novel pH-dependent Drift Improvement Method for Zirconium Dioxide Gated pH-Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistors (2010)

A novel compensation method for Zirconium dioxide gated Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistors (ISFETs) to improve pH-dependent drift was demonstrated. Through the sequential measurements for both the n-channel and p-channel ISFETs, 75-100% pH-dependent drift could be successfully suppressed for the first seven hours. As a result, a nearly constant drift rate versus pH value was obtained, which increases the accuracy of pH measurements. Meanwhile, the drawback of the hyperbolic-like change with time of the common drift behavior for ISFETs was improved. A state-of-the-art integrated scheme adopting this method was also illustrated.
Providing flexibility in a convolutional encoder (2003)

In future radio systems, flexible coding and decoding architectures will be required. In case of the latter, implementing architectural flexibility with regard to low power issues is a challenging task. The flexible encoding platform in this paper is a first step toward this envisioned decoder. It generates a wide class of codes, starting with convolutional codes. As an extension to this, turbo codes will be included by adding an interleaver. At this prototyping stage, the system is implemented on an FPGA. The decision to choose the observer canonical form is defended by a thorough investigation of its critical path properties. Proper configuration allows code rates of b/c, b=1 ... 15, c=2 ... 16, b<c. Power can be saved by shutting down unused system modules.
Conical Dispersion and Effective Zero Refractive Index in Photonic Quasicrystals (2015)

It is recognized that for a certain class of periodic photonic crystals, conical dispersion can be related to a zero-refractive index. It is not obvious whether such a notion can be extended to a noncrystalline system. We show that certain photonic quasicrystalline approximants have conical dispersions at the zone center with a triply degenerate state at the Dirac frequency, which is the necessary condition to qualify as a zero-refractive-index medium. The states in the conical dispersions are extended and have a nearly constant phase. Experimental characterizations of finite-sized samples show evidence that the photonic quasicrystals do behave as a near zero-refractive-index material around the Dirac frequency.
The xid mutation plays an important role in delayed development of murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1997)

Infection of C57BL/6 mice with LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) leads to the development of murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) characterized by abnormal lymphoproliferation, hypergammaglobulinemia and severe immunodeficiency. Progression of MAIDS is delayed in X chromosome-linked immunodeficient (XID) mice, which have an abnormality of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and lack functionally mature B cells including CD5+ B cells. In this study, we report the following four major findings. (i) Susceptibility to disease induction is not reconstituted by transfer of CD5+ B cells to XID mice. (ii) Spleen cells from asymptomatic XID mice are able to transmit MAIDS to wild-type mice. (iii) MAIDS can be transmitted to XID mice with the transfer of B cells, but not T cells, from C57BL/6 mice with MAIDS. (iv) Cells which undergo massive lymphoproliferation in XID mice with MAIDS by cell transfer are of host origin, but are not from the donor. We suggest from these results that a B cell subpopulation that is impaired in XID mice plays an important role in the initiation of MAIDS.
Clarifications and question specificity in synchronous social Q&A (2013)

Synchronous social question-and-answer (Q&A) systems help people find answer by connecting them with others via instant messaging. To understand how such systems can quickly and effectively establish fruitful connections, we analyze conversations collected from a working enterprise social Q&A system. We show that when askers start with underspecified questions (e.g., "I need help with mail access"), they receive clarification requests, extended dialogs, and poor responses. To address this we are implementing and deploying support within a Q&A system to foster more complete questions, reduce the need for clarification, and benefit both askers and answerers.
Receiver Design for Wireless Relay Channels with Regenerative Relays (2007)

We develop a general framework for design of receivers for the wireless relay channel. We derive the optimum detectors for various degrees of channel state information (CSI) at the destination. We consider both the case when the destination has access to full knowledge of the CSI and the case when it only knows the statistics of the channel. High-SNR and low-SNR approximations of the detectors are presented as well.
ChemInform Abstract: Orbital Unsymmetrization Affects Facial Selectivities of Diels‐Alder Dienophiles. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A K-Means-Based Multi-Prototype High-Speed Learning System with FPGA-Implemented Coprocessor for 1-NN Searching (2012)

In this paper, we propose a hardware solution for overcoming the problem of high computational demands in a nearest neighbor (NN) based multi-prototype learning system. The multiple prototypes are obtained by a high-speed K-means clustering algorithm utilizing a concept of software-hardware cooperation that takes advantage of the flexibility of the software and the efficiency of the hardware. The one nearest neighbor (1-NN) classifier is used to recognize an object by searching for the nearest Euclidean distance among the prototypes. The major deficiency in conventional implementations for both K-means and 1-NN is the high computational demand of the nearest neighbor searching. This deficiency is resolved by an FPGA-implemented coprocessor that is a VLSI circuit for searching the nearest Euclidean distance. The coprocessor requires 12.9% logic elements and 58% block memory bits of an Altera Stratix III E110 FPGA device. The hardware communicates with the software by a PCI Express (×4) local-bus-compatible interface. We benchmark our learning system against the popular case of handwritten digit recognition in which abundant previous works for comparison are available. In the case of the MNIST database, we could attain the most efficient accuracy rate of 97.91% with 930 prototypes, the learning speed of 1.3×10-4s/sample and the classification speed of 3.94×10-8s/character.
New Mullite Ceramic Packages and Substrates (1988)

The authors describe the fabrication technologies and properties of new mullites for advanced VLSI packaging technology, as well as applications utilizing their characteristics. These new mullite ceramic substrates have the following characteristics: (1) low dielectric constants (5.4-7.5), which facilitate the realization of a device manifesting a high speed of signal transmission; (2) low thermal expansion coefficients (3.0-4.05*10/sup -6// degrees C), which permit the direct attachment of a large silicon chip; and (3) sufficiently high flexural strength (20-31 kg/mm/sup 2/), providing high mechanical reliability for practical use. It is concluded that, as a result of these characteristics, the new mullite packages and substrates could guarantee a highly reliable attachment for a large silicon chip and high signal transmission speed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fiber Pump-Delivery System for Spectral Narrowing and Wavelength Stabilization of Broad-Area Lasers (2015)

Off-axis far-field coupling of a broad-area laser to a single-mode fiber containing a fiber Bragg grating is used for spatio-spectral filtering. This results in a ∼10x narrower spectral width and potential spatial brightness improvements.
Feedback gain in multiple antenna systems (2002)

Multiple antenna transmission and reception have been shown to significantly increase the achievable data rates of wireless systems. However, most of the existing analysis assumes perfect or no channel information at the receiver and transmitter. The performance gap between these extreme channel assumptions is large and most practical systems lie in between. Therefore, it is important to analyze multiple antenna systems in the presence of partial channel information. We upper bound the outage probability performance of multiple antenna systems with preamble-based channel estimation and quantized feedback. We design causal feedback and power control schemes to minimize this upper bound on outage probability. We consider the following practical issues in our analysis and design: (1) the channel information is imperfect both at the receiver and at the transmitter and (2) part of the total available resources for the system need to be used for estimation and feedback. Our results demonstrate that for block fading channels, sending a periodic preamble and causally receiving channel state information via a feedback channel can lead to substantial gains in the outage performance over any nonfeedback scheme. Most of the gains achieved by perfect feedback can be achieved by very few bits of feedback. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that these outage probability gains can be translated into improvements in frame error rate performance of systems using space-time codes. Thus, implementing a power control, even at the cost of reduced spectral resources for the forward channel is beneficial for block fading channels.
Drug Ratio-Dependent Antagonism: A New Category of Multidrug Resistance and Strategies for Its Circumvention (2009)

A newly identified form of multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumor cells is presented, pertaining to the commonly encountered resistance of cancer cells to anticancer drug combinations at discrete drug:drug ratios. In vitro studies have revealed that whether anticancer drug combinations interact synergistically or antagonistically can depend on the ratio of the combined agents. Failure to control drug ratios in vivo due to uncoordinated pharmacokinetics could therefore lead to drug resistance if tumor cells are exposed to antagonistic drug ratios. Consequently, the most efficacious drug combination may not occur at the typically employed maximum tolerated doses of the combined drugs if this leads to antagonistic ratios in vivo after administration and resistance to therapeutic effects of the drug combination. Our approach to systematically screen a wide range of drug ratios and concentrations and encapsulate the drug combination in a liposomal delivery vehicle at identified synergistic ratios represents a means to mitigate this drug ratio-dependent MDR mechanism. The in vivo efficacy of the improved agents (CombiPlex formulations) is demonstrated and contrasted with the decreased efficacy when drug combinations are exposed to tumor cells in vivo at antagonistic ratios.
Use of LIBS to determine carbon in soil for terrestrial carbon sequestration programs (2002)

International treaties are being discussed to reduce the effect of global warming believed to be the result of releasing carbon into the atmosphere. The flux of carbon in the air can be reduced by either (1) reducing the processes that produce the emissions or by (2) removing carbon from the air through some remediation process. One process that is being considered is terrestrial carbon sequestration. Here plants would be grown on lands that otherwise have low growth. Plant growth will remove carbon from the atmosphere and sequester it in the first meter of soil. Estimates have indicated that the amount of carbon that can be sequestered in this way is substantial.
Vertically Extended Channel Architecture for Implementing a Photolithographically Scalable Thin-Film Transistor (2023)

We present a prototype of photolithographically patternable thin-film transistor (TFT) architecture using vertically extended channel (VEC) for ultrahigh-resolution (UHR) display applications such as augmented reality and virtual reality (AR/VR) devices. Implementing UHR displays requires a unit pixel size of a few micrometers in pitch, so TFT footprints should be smaller than those of conventional planar structures, while retaining the appropriate on-current level and mobility. The proposed device has a small footprint of 4.5 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{F}^{\mathbf {{2}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> compared to other TFT structures and can achieve higher mobility and on-current by increasing VEC thickness without changing any device channel feature size and footprint. The presented VEC TFT showed high saturation mobility of 22.4 cm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\mathbf {{2}}}/\text{V}\cdot \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a linear increase in output characteristics as a function of VEC thickness variation. Furthermore, we demonstrated the back-end-of-line (BEOL) competitiveness of this device structure through the electrical parameter comparison among the planar TFT device structures, which were fabricated with a similar channel dimension.
Ultrabroadband Low Dispersion Silicon-on-Nitride Waveguide in Mid-Infrared Region (2010)

The designed silicon-on-nitride waveguide illustrates an ultrabroadband (~4200 nm) low chromatic dispersion (±0.05 ps/(nm·m)) in mid-infrared wavelength region. This provides a good nonlinear medium for broadband signal processing.
Growth of N‐Polar Aluminum Nitride on Vicinal Sapphire Substrates and Aluminum Nitride Bulk Substrates (2020)

Herein, nitrogen‐polar (N‐polar, (000‐1)) aluminum nitride (AlN) is grown on sapphire substrates with various misorientation angles through metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy. Moreover, the effect of the sapphire substrates’ misorientation angle on the surface flatness and the crystal quality of N‐polar AlN is studied. The results demonstrate that the surface flatness of the AlN layer improves as the misorientation angle of the sapphire substrates increases. Further, the root mean square of the AlN layer significantly improves to a maximum of 1 nm, in the range of the misorientation angles between 2° and 4°, as compared with the misorientation angle of 0.2° of a conventional substrate. No deterioration in crystallinity is confirmed when an AlN layer is grown on an N‐polar AlN substrate under the same growth conditions as those for the sapphire substrates.
Modelisation of the stomach’s electrical activity with a view to studying the impact of an electrical gastric implant. (2011)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Asymmetric Total Synthesis Octalactin B Using a New and Rapid Lactonization. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Induction of apoptosis by a hexane extract of aged black garlic in the human leukemic U937 cells (2014)

Based on the overall results, we suggest that HEABG reduces leukemic cell growth by inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, implying its potential therapeutic value in the treatment of leukemia.
Humoral immune responses to T cell tropic retrovirus simian T lymphotropic virus type III in monkeys with experimentally induced acquired immune deficiency-like syndrome. (1986)

The T cell tropic retrovirus of macaque monkeys simian T lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-III) has morphologic, growth, and antigenic properties indicating that it is related to human T cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV), the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) of humans. STLV-III has recently been shown to induce an AIDS-like disease in macaque monkeys. In this study the humoral immune responses of six experimentally infected monkeys have been characterized to determine whether certain parameters of the antibody response to the virus might be predictive of the clinical outcome of this infection. Two distinct patterns of antibody responses were found. Four animals that died within 160 d of inoculation developed low titer anti-STLV-III antibody responses that recognized only the viral envelope protein, and progressive declines in total plasma IgG levels and absolute peripheral blood T4 lymphocyte numbers. The two animals that lived longer (one died at 352 d, the other remains alive at 430 d) developed high titer anti-STLV-III antibody responses that recognized both viral envelope and core proteins, increases in total plasma IgG, and a later decrease in number of peripheral blood T4 lymphocytes. Interestingly, the single animal that has remained clinically healthy after infection was the only one to develop detectable STLV-III neutralizing antibodies.
Design of freeform unobscured reflective imaging systems using CI method (2016)

In this paper, we demonstrated the design method of freeform unobscured reflective imaging systems using the point-bypoint Construction-Iteration (CI) method. Compared with other point-by-point design methods, the light rays of multiple fields and different pupil coordinates are employed in the design. The whole design process starts from a simple initial system consisting of decentered and tilted planes. In the preliminary surfaces-construction stage, the coordinates as well as the surface normals of the feature data points on each freeform surface can be calculated point-by-point directly based on the given object-image relationships. Then, the freeform surfaces are generated through a novel surface fitting method considering both the coordinates and surface normals of the data points. Next, an iterative process is employed to significantly improve the image quality. In this way, an unobscured design with freeform surfaces can be obtained directly, and it can be taken as a good starting point for further optimization. The benefit and feasibility of this design method is demonstrated by two design examples of high-performance freeform unobscured imaging systems. Both two systems have good imaging performance after final design.
Convergence results for ant routing algorithms via stochastic approximation and optimization (2007)

Ant algorithms" have been proposed to solve a variety of problems arising in optimization and distributed control. They form a subset of the larger class of "swarm intelligence" algorithms. The central idea is that a 'swarm' of relatively simple agents can interact through simple mechanisms and collectively solve complex problems. Instances that exemplify the above idea abound in nature. The abilities of ant colonies to collectively accomplish complex tasks have served as sources of inspiration for the design of "ant algorithms". Examples of "ant algorithms" are "ant routing" algorithms that have been proposed for communication networks. We analyze in this paper an ant-based routing algorithm for packet-switched wireline networks. The algorithm is an attractive multiple path probabilistic routing scheme, that is fully adaptive and distributed. Using methods from adaptive algorithms and stochastic approximation, we show that the evolution of the link delay estimates can be closely tracked by a deterministic ODE system. A study of the equilibrium points of the ODE then gives us the equilibrium behavior of the routing algorithm, in particular, the equilibrium routing probabilities, and mean delays in the links under equilibrium. We also show that the fixed-point equations that the equilibrium probabilities satisfy are actually the necessary and sufficient conditions of an appropriate optimization problem. Simulations supporting the analytical results are provided.
Wavelength conversion of a 40-gb/s NRZ signal across the entire C-band by an asymmetric Sagnac loop (2005)

A compact integrated all-optical wavelength converter based on an asymmetric Sagnac loop is demonstrated. We show that a 40-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero data signal can be converted over the entire C-band employing an asymmetric Sagnac loop. Compared to the back-to-back configuration, a receiver sensitivity power penalty of less then 2.1 dB is measured for both up- and down-conversion.
Modeling and performance monitoring of multivariate multimodal processes (2012)

A multimodal modeling and monitoring approach based on maximum likelihood principal component analysis and a component‐wise identification of operating modes are presented. Analyzing each principal component individually allows separating components describing the variation within the individual modes from those capturing variation which the modes commonly share. On the basis of the former set, a Gaussian mixture model produces a statistical fingerprint that describes the production modes. The advantage of the component‐wise analysis is a simple identification of the mixture model parameters, which does not rely on the computationally cumbersome expectation maximization. The proposed method diagnoses abnormal process conditions by defining statistics relating to the components describing (1) between‐cluster variation, (2) within cluster variation, and (3) model residuals. The article demonstrates the benefits of this approach over existing work by an application to a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) simulator and the analysis of recorded data from a furnace and a chemical reaction process. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1557–1569, 2013
ChemInform Abstract: Acetogenin Isoquinoline Alkaloids. Part 10. One‐Pot Preparation of 1,3‐Dimethyltetrahydroisoquinolines from Their Biosynthetic Diketo Precursors. (1987)

Abstract Reaction of the diketone (I) with pyridoxamine (II) produces the isoquinolinium bromide (III), which is reduced to give the racemic diastereomers (IV).
Software Implementation of Pairings (2009)

This chapter describes and compares the software implementation of popular elliptic curve pairings on two architectures, of which the Intel Pentium 4 and Core2 are representatives.