gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Encouraging Cooperation in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks (2004)

We present Catch, a protocol that encourages cooperation in multi-hop wireless networks comprised of autonomous nodes. While these nodes depend on each other to relay packets, scarce bandwidth and energy resources may motivate some nodes to cheat and avoid packet forwarding. Catch employs a novel technique based on anonymous messages to significantly increase the difficulty of cheating with impunity. Existing routing protocols simply assume that nodes will act cooperatively and have no mechanisms to encourage this behavior or punish cheaters. Catch imposes minimal requirements and overheads on the system, and so is broadly applicable across routing protocols and system workloads. We show that Catch makes cheating counter-productive, thus encouraging the cooperative behavior on which multi-hop wireless networks are predicated. We evaluate Catch on an 802.11 wireless testbed, as well as through simulation.
Molecular genetic studies ofDMT1on 12q in French‐Canadian restless legs syndrome patients and families (2007)

Converging evidence from clinical observations, brain imaging and pathological findings strongly indicate impaired brain iron regulation in restless legs syndrome (RLS). Animal models with mutation in (DMT1) divalent metal transporter 1 gene, an important brain iron transporter, demonstrate a similar iron deficiency profile as found in RLS brain. The human DMT1 gene, mapped to chromosome 12q near the RLS1 locus, qualifies as an excellent functional and possible positional candidate for RLS. DMT1 protein levels were assessed in lymphoblastoid cell lines from RLS patients and controls. Linkage analyses were carried out with markers flanking and within the DMT1 gene. Selected patient samples from RLS families with compatible linkage to the RLS1 locus on 12q were fully sequenced in both the coding regions and the long stretches of UTR sequences. Finally, selected sequence variants were further studied in case/control and family-based association tests. A clinical association of anemia and RLS was further confirmed in this study. There was no detectable difference in DMT1 protein levels between RLS patient lymphoblastoid cell lines and normal controls. Non-parametric linkage analyses failed to identify any significant linkage signals within the DMT1 gene region. Sequencing of selected patients did not detect any sequence variant(s) compatible with DMT1 harboring RLS causative mutation(s). Further studies did not find any association between ten SNPs, spanning the whole DMT1 gene region, and RLS affection status. Finally, two DMT1 intronic SNPs showed positive association with RLS in patients with a history of anemia, when compared to RLS patients without anemia.
Clustered Loop Buffer Organization for Low Energy VLIW Embedded Processors (2005)

Current loop buffer organizations for very large instruction word processors are essentially centralized. As a consequence, they are energy inefficient and their scalability is limited. To alleviate this problem, we propose a clustered loop buffer organization, where the loop buffers are partitioned and functional units are logically grouped to form clusters, along with two schemes for buffer control, which regulate the activity in each cluster. Furthermore, we propose a design-time scheme to generate clusters by analyzing an application profile and grouping closely related functional units. The simulation results indicate that the energy consumed in the clustered loop buffers is, on average, 63 percent lower than the energy consumed in an uncompressed centralized loop buffer scheme, 35 percent lower than a centralized compressed loop buffer scheme, and 22 percent lower than a randomly clustered loop buffer scheme.
Formal verification - prove it or pitch it (2003)

Despite a number of solid advances in simulation and verification techniques over the last twenty years, semiconductor chip designs continue to see large increases in the cost of verification - both in terms of human resources and time. Most of these increases are due to the growing size and complexity of the chip designs. Many of these designs are complete systems in their own right thus enlarging the scope of the verification problem. Formal verification has held out the most promise for reducing the magnitude of the verification task. Indeed, most major microprocessor teams - at IBM, Intel and Motorola - have routinely hosted formal verification experts since the early '90s. ASIC vendors and their tool providers have been closely following these developments into a number of initiatives and new startup companies driven by that very promise of formal verification. Despite these developments, simulation continues to be the final source of signoff - if not confidence - in chip tapeouts. Why is this so? Formal verification is an important technology to be left at the margins of the validation task. Will formal verification eliminate or limit unit level verification and provide the necessary glue for a realistic validation flow? Will the testbenches be replaced by constraints and assertions? Can validation effort be reused? This panel will explore the issues related to building practical validation flows, and the technologies that the designer community can realistically look forward to materializing in their lifetimes.
A near‐native state on the slow refolding pathway of hen lysozyme (1999)

The refolding of four disulfide lysozyme (at pH 5.2, 20 degrees C) involves parallel pathways, which have been proposed to merge at a near-native state. This species contains stable structure in the alpha- and beta-domains but lacks a functional active site. Although previous experiments have demonstrated that the near-native state is populated on the fast refolding pathway, its relevance to slow refolding molecules could not be directly determined from previous experiments. In this paper, we describe experiments that investigate the effect of added salts on the refolding pathway of lysozyme at pH 5.2, 20 degrees C. We show, using stopped flow tryptophan fluorescence, inhibitor binding, and circular dichroism (CD), that the rate of formation of native lysozyme on the slow refolding track is significantly reduced in solutions of high ionic strength in a manner dependent on the position of the anion in the Hofmeister series. By contrast, the rate of evolution of hydrogen exchange (HX) protection monitored by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) is unchanged under the refolding conditions studied. The data show, therefore, that at high ionic strengths beta-domain stabilization and native state formation on the slow refolding pathway become kinetically decoupled such that the near-native state becomes significantly populated. Thus, by changing the energy landscape with the addition of salts new insights into the relevance of intermediate states in lysozyme refolding are revealed.
Evidence of blocking effect on carrier trapping process by necking region in very narrow AlGaAs/GaAs V-grooved quantum wire structure (2001)

Transient band-gap renormalization (BGR) effects are investigated in AlGaAs/GaAs V-grooved quantum structures. The temperature-dependent transient BGR effects in the sidewall quantum well (SQWL) provide direct evidence of the existence of the blocking effect by the necking region barrier on the carrier trapping process. These effects provide a useful method to show the existence of the necking region, particularly for very thin SQWL structures. The temperature-dependent lifetimes of the SQWL and quantum wire (QWR) provide further proof of the carrier trapping process from the SQWL to the QWR.
Opposing regulation and roles for PHD3 in lung dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages (2017)

The prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes (PHDs) are important metabolic sensors of the cell and its environment, which might be employed to alert cells of the immune system. These enzymes regulate the expression of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) isoforms and NF-κB, crucial transcription factors controlling cellular metabolism and inflammation. PHD/HIF signaling is activated in the allergic lung and is proposed as a potential druggable pathway. Here, we investigated the regulation and role of the PHD isoforms in CD11c-expressing dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mϕ), sensors of the environment and crucial antigen-presenting cells in the pathogenesis of asthma. Although PHD2 and PHD3 were expressed in baseline, stimulation with house dust mite (HDM) allergen, hypoxia, and TLR4 ligands induced the expression of PHD3 in DCs. Conditional deletion or overexpression of PHD3 in CD11c<sup>hi</sup> cells had minor effects on DCs and alveolar Mϕ biology in steady state. However, when put into competition with wild-type counterparts in mixed chimeric mice, alveolar Mϕ uniquely required PHD3 for optimal reconstitution of the alveolar space. Using genetic and chemical approaches, we were unable to find a clear role for PHD3 or the other PHD isoforms in DCs in asthma development. These data show cell-specific competitive advantage of PHD3 expression in antigen-presenting cells, but question whether therapeutic manipulation of PHDs in DCs would offer therapeutic benefit in asthma.
Human retroviral env and gag polypeptides: serologic assays to measure infection. (1986)

Humoral antiviral responses to human retrovirus infections identify persistently infected individuals and can be used to characterize virus-host interactions. Antibodies to native viral polypeptides have been reliably measured, although quantitation of env antibodies is difficult due to a lack of purified antigens. To quantitate antibodies to env antigens, bacterially expressed cloned env polypeptides from the transmembrane regions of human T lymphotropic virus types I and III were applied to nitrocellulose filters in an immunodot assay. A combination of the sensitivity of the Western blot procedure and the specificity of peptides from defined viral sequences was used to detect 49/49 HTLV-III/LAV-infected individuals previously defined as seropositive by radioimmunoprecipitation sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Of these HTLV-III/LAV envelope seropositive people, 22% lacked antibody to p24 in a radioimmunoassay. In contrast, the sensitivity of antibody detection to HTLV-I env antigens and p24 were comparable. Antibodies to HTLV-I and HTLV-III/LAV env transmembrane peptides were not cross-reactive. Levels of antibody to env antigens of both HTLV-I and HTLV-III/LAV persisted without change for at least 26 mo, suggesting that most infections represent stable virus-host interactions. The use of bacterially expressed env peptides offers a rapid serologic approach for distinguishing human retroviral infections and can be used to define immune responses to specific regions of the viral genome.
The Optimization of a Novel, Weak Bromo and Extra Terminal Domain (BET) Bromodomain Fragment Ligand to a Potent and Selective Second Bromodomain (BD2) Inhibitor (2020)

The profound efficacy, yet associated toxicity of pan-BET inhibitors is well documented. The possibility of an ameliorated safety profile driven by significantly selective (>100-fold) inhibition of a subset of the eight bromodomains is enticing, but challenging given the close homology. Herein, we describe the X-ray crystal structure-directed optimization of a novel weak fragment ligand with a pan-second bromodomain (BD2) bias, to potent and highly BD2 selective inhibitors. A template hopping approach, enabled by our parallel research into an orthogonal template (<b>15</b>, GSK046), was the basis for the high selectivity observed. This culminated in two tool molecules, <b>20</b> (GSK620) and <b>56</b> (GSK549), which showed an anti-inflammatory phenotype in human whole blood, confirming their cellular target engagement. Excellent broad selectivity, developability, and in vivo oral pharmacokinetics characterize these tools, which we hope will be of broad utility to the field of epigenetics research.
Exploring Chemical Space with Aptamers (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTExploring Chemical Space with Aptamers2008 GlaxoSmithKline Award for Outstanding Achievement in Chemical BiologyMichael Famulok†View Author Information LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany†Contact information. Phone: +49 (0) 228 73-1787. Fax: +49 (0) 228 73-5388. E-mail: [email protected]. Web site: http://www.chembiol.uni-bonn.de/.Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2009, 52, 22, 6951–6957Publication Date (Web):October 30, 2009Publication History Received6 October 2009Published online30 October 2009Published inissue 26 November 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm9014789https://doi.org/10.1021/jm9014789review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2626Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Fluorescence,Genetics,Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins,Screening assays Get e-Alerts
Three-dimensional x-ray angiography: first in-vivo results with a new system (1993)

A new system has been designed and built to validate the concept of 3D Computerized Angiography (3D CA). It addresses all the difficulties met from the acquisition of raw data on a patient to the display of the reconstructed volume. The main characteristics of the system and its operating modes are described. Special attention is paid to data processing aspects. The first in vivo results obtained with this system are presented.
Basic Transcription Element-binding Protein (BTEB) Is a Thyroid Hormone-regulated Gene in the Developing Central Nervous System (1999)

Thyroid hormone (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine; T(3)) is essential for normal development of the vertebrate brain, influencing diverse processes such as neuronal migration, myelin formation, axonal maturation, and dendritic outgrowth. We have identified basic transcription element-binding protein (BTEB), a small GC box-binding protein, as a T(3)-regulated gene in developing rat brain. BTEB mRNA levels in cerebral cortex exhibit developmental regulation and thyroid hormone dependence. T(3) regulation of BTEB mRNA is neural cell-specific, being up-regulated in primary cultures of embryonic neurons (E16) and in neonatal astrocytes (P2), but not in neonatal oligodendrocytes (P2). T(3) rapidly up-regulated BTEB mRNA in neuro-2a cells engineered to express thyroid hormone receptor (TR) beta1 but not in cells expressing TRalpha1, suggesting that the regulation of this gene is specific to the TRbeta1 isoform. Several lines of evidence support a transcriptional action of T(3) on BTEB gene expression. Overexpression of BTEB in Neuro-2a cells dramatically increased the number and length of neurites in a dose-dependent manner suggesting a role for this transcription factor in neuronal process formation. However, other T(3)-dependent changes were not altered; i.e. overexpression of BTEB had no effect on the rate of cell proliferation nor on the expression of acetylcholinesterase activity.
Typological hierarchies and frequency drifts in the history of English (2012)

Abstract One of the large-scale changes in the history of the English language is the loss of grammatical gender, a phenomenon termed the “Great Gender Shift” by Patricia Poussa. In this typological change, grammatical gender in nouns was lost and semantics overrode gender in pronoun agreement. The form of the pronoun came to be determined by real-world properties of animacy, number and sex of the referent. The third-person singular pronouns (the present-day he, she and it) came to mark gender that was generally determined on the basis of semantic criteria. Greville Corbett’s agreement hierarchy predicts that pronouns are always most likely to show semantic rather than grammatical agreement with their antecedents. This article suggests that the successful variants (that is, those increasing in frequency) in some well-known pronoun changes were those that are most compatible with the agreement system. The connections between the changes seem to result in the so-called frequency drift in the system.
RF Read-Out of Minority Carrier Lifetimes in Micro-Scale Infrared Materials (2019)

We present micro-scale time-resolved microwave resonator response (μ-TRMRR), a sensitive technique capable of measuring carrier lifetimes in micron-scale materials, something not typically achievable using common techniques like time-resolved photoluminescence or time-resolved microwave reflectance.
<title>Process monitoring during metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using FTIR spectroscopy</title> (1993)

The ability of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to perform in-situ measurements of ferroelectric thin film properties during metalorganic chemical vapor deposition is demonstrated. Infrared measurements of film reflectance and radiance allowed determination of film composition, thickness and temperature in real-time. These spectra could also be used to follow process changes, determine deposition rate, and extract the wavelength dependent dielectric function. These data, along with computer software and optical hardware developments, are presented.
Current and Advanced Design Concepts for High Power-Density Mid-Range Truck Diesel Engines Part II: The Development of Advanced Design Process for Combustion System Optimization (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Part I provides a review of present designs, advanced concepts and technologies needed for the next generation of high power density diesels for midrange truck application.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Part II emphasizes the use of advanced computational tools to determine the most promising design parameters for high power density diesels which are suitable for truck application. Three types of analyses are reviewed and deemed necessary for design optimization at high power density conditions, these include:&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt; &lt;ol class="list nostyle"&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;I.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;High BMEP cycle analysis based on zero dimensional thermodynamic analysis and engine similarity rules.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;II.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Matching of advanced turbocharging systems for high torque rise engines.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;III.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Multi-dimensional in-cylinder computational combustion fluid dynamics (CCFD).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This analytical exercise indicates that computational tools are capable of rationalizing experimental results and therefore predicting engine performance in the conceptual stage. We believe the objectives of developing “best-in- class” mid-range truck diesels are attainable by further development of the advanced design concepts and advanced technologies described in Part I and by using the advanced computational tools described in Part II of this paper.&lt;/div&gt;
Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (2019)

This is the twenty-fourth IUI conference, continuing its tradition of being the main international forum for reporting outstanding research at the intersection of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The work that appears at IUI bridges these two fields and delves also into related fields, such as psychology, cognitive science, computer graphics, the arts, and others. Members of the IUI community are interested in improving the symbiosis between humans and computers, and in making systems adapt to humans rather than the other way around.
The WarpEngine (2000)

We present the WarpEngine, an architecture designed for real-time imaged-based rendering of natural scenes from arbitrary viewpoints. The modeling primitives are real-world images with per-pixel depth. Currently they are acquired and stored off-line; in the near future real-time depth-image acquisition will be possible, the WarpEngine is designed to render in immediate mode from such data sources.The depth-image resolution is locally adapted by interpolation to match the resolution of the output image. 3D warping can occur either before or after the interpolation; the resulting warped/interpolated samples are forward-mapped into a warp buffer, with the precise locations recorded using an offset. Warping processors are integrated on-chip with the warp buffer, allowing efficient, scalable implementation of very high performance systems. Each chip will be able to process 100 million samples per second and provide 4.8GigaBytes per second of bandwidth to the warp buffer.The WarpEngine is significantly less complex than our previous efforts, incorporating only a single ASIC design. Small configurations can be packaged as a PC add-in card, while larger deskside configurations will provide HDTV resolutions at 50 Hz, enabling radical new applications such as 3D television.WarpEngine will be highly programmable, facilitating use as a test-bed for experimental IBR algorithms.
A novel 2D-3D registration algorithm for aligning fluoro images with 3D pre-op CT/MR images (2006)

We propose a novel and fast way to perform 2D-3D registration between available intra-operative 2D images with pre-operative 3D images in order to provide better image-guidance. The current work is a feature based registration algorithm that allows the similarity to be evaluated in a very efficient and faster manner than that of intensity based approaches. The current approach is focused on solving the problem for neuro-interventional applications and therefore we use blood vessels, and specifically their centerlines as the features for registration. The blood vessels are segmented from the 3D datasets and their centerline is extracted using a sequential topological thinning algorithm. Segmentation of the 3D datasets is straightforward because of the injection of contrast agents. For the 2D image, segmentation of the blood vessel is performed by subtracting the image with no contrast (native) from the one with a contrast injection (fill). Following this we compute a modified version of the 2D distance transform. The modified distance transform is computed such that distance is zero on the centerline and increases as we move away from the centerline. This allows us a smooth metric that is minimal at the centerline and large as we move away from the vessel. This is a one time computation, and need not be reevaluated during the iterations. Also we simply sum over all the points rather than evaluating distances over all point pairs as would be done for similar Iterative Closest Point (ICP) based approaches. We estimate the three rotational and three translational parameters by minimizing this cost over all points in the 3D