gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Ferroelectrics (2006)

Ferroelectrics are among the most advanced materials for non-volatile storage applications. Their two thermodynamically equivalent groundstates of spontaneous polarization can be toggled between by an external electric field. We present recent progress in the fabrication, registration, manipulation and characterization of nanoscale ferroelectrics. Chemical solution deposition is adapted to a pre-registration process by e-beam lithography to fabricate registered ferroelectric nanostructures below 100 nm width. A post-processing by chemical mechanical polishing either for embedded or free grains modifies the aspect ratio thus controlling the coercive field distribution of nanoferroelectrics. We also discuss some very recent findings of the complex interaction of field and piezoelectric tensor in a real piezoresponse force microscope. This method requires a comprehensive treatment of all contributions to tell apart extrinsic from intrinsic effects.
Supplemental Figure S1 from MORAb-202, an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Utilizing Humanized Anti-human FRα Farletuzumab and the Microtubule-targeting Agent Eribulin, has Potent Antitumor Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Eribulin compound structures and synthetic methods&lt;/p&gt;
Partitioning variance in cortical morphometry into genetic, environmental, and subject-specific components (2023)

Abstract The relative contributions of genetic variation and experience in shaping the morphology of the adolescent brain are not fully understood. Using longitudinal data from 11,665 subjects in the ABCD Study ® , we fit vertex-wise variance components including family effects, genetic effects, and subject-level effects using a computationally efficient framework. Variance in cortical thickness and surface area is largely attributable to genetic influence, whereas sulcal depth is primarily explained by subject-level effects. Our results identify areas with heterogeneous distributions of heritability estimates that have not been seen in previous work using data from cortical regions. We discuss the biological importance of subject-specific variance and its implications for environmental influences on cortical development and maturation.
Temperature Sensitivity of Composite Propellants Containing Novel Nano-Additive Catalysts (2017)

Recent synthesis methods developed by the authors for producing titania premixed in the binder or grown in situ produce 20-nm-sized particles homogeneously distributed within the binder. The focus of the present paper was to further demonstrate the increased effectiveness of the in situ synthesis method for titania catalysts and to assess the manufacturing, safety, and temperature sensitivity of the resulting composite propellants. Burning rate increases as high as 69% at additive mass loadings of only 0.3% were observed in nonaluminized propellants for pressures from 3.5 to 15.5 MPa. Increases in burning rate up to 73% were seen in aluminized propellants. To test the temperature sensitivity, the propellants were cooled to 245 K and heated to 360 K before testing. The results, on average, showed that the titania addition increased the temperature sensitivity of the propellant. Cook-off safety tests showed that the titania nano-additives lowered the safety margin, but by no more than 20°C at the extreme. This paper documents the authors’ latest techniques for producing propellants with nanosized additives with and without aluminum and provides new burning rate results for the entire scope of additives and mixing methods, including the temperature sensitivity of the propellants containing nanotitania.
A hydrogenase model system based on the sequence of cytochrome c: photochemical hydrogen evolution in aqueous media (2011)

The diiron carbonyl cluster is held by a native CXXC motif, which includes Cys14 and Cys17, in the cytochrome c sequence. It is found that the diiron carbonyl complex works well as a catalyst for H(2) evolution. It has a TON of ∼80 over 2 h at pH 4.7 in the presence of a Ru-photosensitizer and ascorbate as a sacrificial reagent in aqueous media.
Maternal heart health (2016)

This chapter reports a recent single-center prospective cohort study from Groote Schuur Hospital in which the majority of maternal deaths observed were attributable to various forms of cardiomyopathy (CMO), with only two being related to complications of sepsis and thrombosis affecting prosthetic heart valves. It presents the spectrum of maternal cardiac disease in South Africa, the initial evaluation of bromocriptine treatment for PPCMO in South Africa, and health outcomes associated with PPCMO in South Africa. Given residually high levels of maternal ill health and mortality, there is urgent need to refocus on this major health issue throughout the African continent; particularly given high mortality rates in the content of the relatively well-developed maternal health care system in South Africa. Much of the death and disability at this stage of life is cardiac related and highly preventable with more structured surveillance and proactive management of underlying cardiovascular issues.
Pentamidine Congeners. 2. 2-Butene-Bridged Aromatic Diamidines and Diimidazolines as Potential Anti-Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Agents (1994)

We have synthesized cis and trans geometric isomers 1-8 as semirigid congeners of pentamidine. Compounds 1-4 were more potent than pentamidine in treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunosuppressed rats. These compounds also demonstrated no clinical toxicity or histopathologic abnormalities. Introduction of methoxy substituents meta to the amidine or imidazoline groups of the phenyl rings as in compounds 5-8 generally resulted in compounds with decreased anti-P. carinii activity and increased toxicity to the host. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated as DNA binders. These compounds showed greater affinity for poly(dA).poly(dT) than for calf thymus DNA. The cis isomers, 1 and 2, demonstrated greater affinity for DNA than their trans counterparts 3 and 4. This difference in DNA binding affinity, however, did not reflect in a corresponding difference in the anti-P. carinii activity of these compounds.
Substrates for Investigation of DNA Polymerase Function: Synthesis and Properties of 4′‐C‐Alkylated Oligonucleotides (2003)

Abstract In addition to their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic agents, modified oligonucleotides have also been shown to be highly valuable tools for examination of complex biological processes. Carefully designed nucleotide analogues have therefore found considerable application in investigations of DNA polymerase function and mechanism. To examine the contribution of primarily steric constraints on DNA polymerase selectivity, we have developed a new functional strategy based on the use of modified nucleotide analogues that differ primarily in their steric demand. Here we report the efficient synthesis of modified thymidine analogues bearing 4′‐alkyl groups with varying steric demand, the effects of 4′‐alkylation on sugar puckering, and the incorporation of these analogues into oligonucleotides by use of automated solid‐phase DNA synthesis. We also studied the pairing properties of 4′‐alkylated oligonucleotide duplexes in relation to those of their natural counterparts under a range of buffer conditions. In general, our studies indicate that 4′‐alkylation of thymidines has little effect on nucleoside and oligonucleotide conformation. These results have relevance to the previously reported action of 4′‐alkylated nucleotides and oligonucleotides as probes of DNA polymerase function and mechanism. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
<title>Fiber optic raman probe detection of chlorinated hydrocarbons in standard soils</title> (1994)

Chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene and methylene chloride are common contaminants in soils at polluted sites. The chemical characterization of contaminated soils as a precursor to remediation is important. Raman spectroscopy is especially useful for the selective determination of a broad range of compounds. A fiber-optic Raman probe suitable for use in a soil environment has been constructed and tested. The intensity of the Raman signal of the chlorinated hydrocarbons trichloroethylene and methylene chloride has been measured in a variety of standard and nonstandard soil and sand samples. The effect of the soil parameters (opacity, particle size, etc.) on the intensity of the Raman signal has been investigated. The general implications for spectroscopic fiber optic chemical sensors used in a cone penetrometer system are discussed.
Self-compensation of thermooptic inhomogeneities in pulse-periodic solid state lasers utilizing optically dense active media (1988)

Dynamic self-compensation of thermooptic inhomogeneities in optically dense active media of solid state lasers was investigated theoretically and experimentally. A solid state laser was made utilizing optically dense active media. Because of this effect, the laser exhibited a record efficiency at high average laser output powers with a satisfactory divergence of the output radiation.
A Design Model for Reflection Mode MQW Modulators Based on Minimization of Power Penalties (1993)

The quantum-confined Stark effect and the Wannier-Stark effect in multiple-quantum-well (MQW) materials have been used in Fabry-Perot étalons to modulate the total reflected power.
Picosecond dynamics of a gain-switched InGaAsP laser (1987)

Optical pulses are observed, with subpicosecond resolution, from an InGaAsP laser driven with 17 ps wide electrical pulses. The temporal profile of these gain-switched pulses is analyzed to obtain the transient and steady-state injected carrier densities in the active layer for dc biases above and below threshold. Gain-switched pulses as short as 13 ps FWHM are presented, and empirical results are compared to computer simulations. The implications of these results to pulse code modulation at very high bit rates are also discussed.
Improved PLL structures for single-phase grid inverters (2005)

Abstract — Phase, amplitude and frequency of the utility grid are critical information for the operation of the grid-connected power conditioning equipments. In such applications, an accurate and fast detection of the phase angle of the utility voltage is essential to assure a correct generation of the reference signals. This paper presents two improved phase-locked-loop (PLL) methods for single-phase grid connected systems. The investigated PLL methods are based on a transport delay method and an inverse Park transformation method. The improvements in the case of using the delay-based PLL are: non-frequency dependent and better filtering of the harmonics. For the other investigated PLL method based on inverse Park transformation the improvement consists of better filtering of the harmonics. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the two proposed methods.
Energy Efficient Data Acquisition Techniques Using Context Aware Sensing for Landslide Monitoring Systems (2017)

Real-time wireless sensor networks are an emerging technology for continuous environmental monitoring. But real-world deployments are constrained by resources, such as power, memory, and processing capabilities. In this paper, we discuss a set of techniques to maximize the lifetime of a system deployed in south India for detecting rain-fall induced landslides. In this system, the sensing subsystem consumes 77.5%, the communication subsystem consumes 22%, and the processing subsystem consumes 0.45% of total power consumption. Hence, to maximize the lifetime of the system, the sensing subsystem power consumption has to be reduced. The major challenge to address is the development of techniques that reduce the power consumption, while preserving the reliability of data collection and decision support by the system. This paper proposes a wavelet-based sampling algorithm for choosing the minimum sampling rate for ensuring the data reliability. The results from the wavelet sampling algorithm along with the domain knowledge have been used to develop context aware data collection models that enhance the lifetime of the system. Two such models named context aware data management (CAD) and context aware energy management (CAE) have been devised. The results show that the CAD model extends the lifetime by six times and the CAE model does so by 20 times when compared with the continuous data collection model, which is the existing approach. In this paper, we also developed mathematical modeling for CAD and CAE, which have been validated using real-time data collected in the past.
Activation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Mediates Orofacial Mechanical Hyperalgesia (2013)

Collectively, our findings demonstrate for the first time the important role of Cdk5 in orofacial mechanical nociception. Modulation of Cdk5 activity in primary sensory neurons makes it an attractive potential target for the development of novel analgesics that could be used to treat multiple orofacial pain conditions.
Investigation of postnatal stem cells from canine dental tissue and bone marrow (2009)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stemness of cells from canine dental tissues and bone marrow. Methods: Canine periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC), alveolar bone stem cells (ABSC) and bone marrow stem cells(BMSC) were isolated and cultured. Cell differentiations (osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic) and surface antigens (CD146, STRO-1, CD44, CD90, CD45, CD34) were evaluated in vitro. The cells were transplanted into the subcutaneous space of nude mice to assess capacity for ectopic bone formation at 8 weeks after implantation. Results: PDLSC, ABSC and BMSC differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes under defined condition. The cells expressed the mesenchymal stem cell markers differently. When transplanted into athymic nude mice, these three kinds of cells with hydroxyapatite / β - tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) carrier showed ectopic bone formation. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that canine dental stem cells have stemness like bone marrow stem cells. Transplantation of these cells might be used as a therapeutic approach for dental stem cell-mediated periodontal tissue regeneration. (J Korean Acad Periodontol 2009;39:119-128)
Characterization of the Ovine Vaginal Microbiome and Inflammation Patterns as an Improved Testing Model of Human Vaginal Irritation (2021)

The development of therapies targeted to improve the health of women has utilized direct vaginal delivery as a more effective and less toxic method of protection from HIV and other pathogens. Vaginal applicants and delivery devices that provide sustained effects have been met with increasing acceptability, but the efficacy and toxicity outcomes have not been successfully predicted by preclinical <i>in vitro</i> studies and animal modeling. We have explored the utilization of sheep as a model for testing the safety of vaginal applicants and devices based on spatial and structural similarities to the human vagina. As recently noted by the FDA, an additional safety measure is an impact on the vaginal microbiome (VMB) that is known to contribute to vaginal health and influence pathogen susceptibility and drug metabolism. To advance the utility of the sheep vaginal model, we completed a thorough molecular characterization of the ovine VMB utilizing both next-generation sequencing (NGS) and PCR methods. The process also created a custom PCR array to quantify ovine VMB community profiles in an affordable, higher throughput fashion. The results from vaginal swabs (>475 samples) collected from non-pregnant crossbred Dorset and Merino ewes treated with selected vaginal applicants or collected as sham samples established 16 VMB community types (VMB CTs). To associate VMB CTs with eubiosis or dysbiosis, we also completed custom ELISAs for six cytokines identifying IL1B, IL8, TNFa, and CXCL10 as useful markers to support the characterization of ovine vaginal inflammation. The results indicated that <i>Pasteurella, Actinobacillus, Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, Leptotrichia</i>, and <i>E. coli</i> were common markers of eubiosis (low inflammatory marker expression), and that <i>Haemophilus, Ureaplasma</i>, and <i>Corynebacterium</i> were associated with dysbiosis (high cytokine levels). Utilizing the optimized workflow, we also confirmed the utility of three commonly used vaginal applicants for impact on the VMB and inflammatory state, producing a dataset that supports the recommendation for the use of sheep for testing of vaginal applicants and devices as part of preclinical pipelines.
The Power of High‐Throughput Experimentation in Homogeneous Catalysis Research for Fine Chemicals (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficacy of levetiracetam in a patient with Unverricht-Lundborg progressive myoclonic epilepsy (2003)

The progressive myoclonic epilepsies (PME) are a group of symptomatic generalized epilepsies associated with severe myoclonus, intractable generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and variable cognitive impairment. Specific subtypes include mitochondrial disorders, the ceroid lipofuscinoses, Lafora body disease, and Unverricht-Lundborg disease. The latter is autosomal recessive and recently shown to be due to an underlying mutation in the gene encoding for cystatin-B ( CTSB ), a cysteine protease inhibitor, on chromosome 21q22.1 Correlation between the mutated protein and disease pathogenesis is poorly understood. Treatment of PME is difficult with a variable and usually unsatisfactory response to benzodiazepines, sodium valproate, and piracetam, and new therapies are needed. We treated a patient with the newly released anticonvulsant levetiracetam. This drug is a piracetam analogue with demonstrated efficacy …
Finite-difference modeling of 2-D wave propagation in the vicinity of dipping interfaces: a comparison of anti-aliasing and equivalent medium approaches (2021)

Finite-difference (FD) modeling of seismic waves in the vicinity of dipping interfaces gives rise to artifacts. Examples are phase and amplitude errors, as well as staircase diffractions. Such errors can be reduced in two general ways. In the first approach, the interface can be anti-aliased (i.e., with an anti-aliased step-function, or a lowpass filter). Alternatively, the interface may be replaced with an equivalent medium (i.e., using Schoenberg \&amp; Muir (SM) calculus or orthorhombic averaging). We test these strategies in acoustic, elastic isotropic, and elastic anisotropic settings. Computed FD solutions are compared to analytical solutions. We find that in acoustic media, anti-aliasing methods lead to the smallest errors. Conversely, in elastic media, the SM calculus provides the best accuracy. The downside of the SM calculus is that it requires an anisotropic FD solver even to model an interface between two isotropic materials. As a result, the computational cost increases compared to when using isotropic FD solvers. However, since coarser grid spacings can be used to represent the dipping interfaces, the two effects (an expensive FD solver on a coarser FD grid) equal out. Hence, the SM calculus can provide an efficient means to reduce errors, also in elastic isotropic media.
Functional Compression Through Graph Coloring (2010)

Motivated by applications to sensor networks and privacy preserving databases, we consider the problem of functional compression. The objective is to separately compress possibly correlated discrete sources such that an arbitrary but fixed deterministic function of those sources can be computed given the compressed data from each source. We consider both the lossless and lossy computation of a function. Specifically, we present results of the rate regions for three instances of the problem where there are two sources: 1) lossless computation where one source is available at the decoder; 2) under a special condition, lossless computation where both sources are separately encoded; and 3) lossy computation where one source is available at the decoder. For all of these instances, we present a layered architecture for distributed coding: first preprocess data at each source using colorings of certain characteristic graphs and then use standard distributed source coding ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a la</i> Slepian and Wolfs scheme) to compress them. For the first instance, our results extend the approach developed by Orlitsky and Roche (2001) in the sense that our scheme requires simpler structure of coloring rather than independent sets as in the previous case. As an intermediate step to obtain these results, we obtain an asymptotic characterization of conditional graph coloring for an OR product of graphs generalizing a result of Korner (1973), which should be of interest in its own right.
Erythroid precursors and progenitors suppress adaptive immunity and get invaded by SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with lower blood oxygen levels, even in patients without hypoxia requiring hospitalization. This discordance illustrates the need for a more unifying explanation as to whether SARS-CoV-2 directly or indirectly affects erythropoiesis. Here, we show significantly enriched CD71<sup>+</sup> erythroid precursors/progenitors in the blood circulation of COVID-19 patients. We found that these cells have distinctive immunosuppressive properties. In agreement, we observed a strong negative correlation between the frequency of these cells with T and B cell proportions in COVID-19 patients. The expansion of these CD71<sup>+</sup> erythroid precursors/progenitors was negatively correlated with the hemoglobin levels. A subpopulation of abundant erythroid cells, CD45<sup>+</sup> CD71<sup>+</sup> cells, co-express ACE2, TMPRSS2, CD147, and CD26, and these can be infected with SARS-CoV-2. In turn, pre-treatment of erythroid cells with dexamethasone significantly diminished ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression and subsequently reduced their infectivity with SARS-CoV-2. This provides a novel insight into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on erythropoiesis and hypoxia seen in COVID-19 patients.
Highly Efficient Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Carboxylic Acids (2010)

Shiina and co-workers report a high­y efficient kinetic resolution of racemic α-aryl-alkanoic acids using acyl transfer Birman catalyst 1 (V. B. Birman, X. Li Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 1351) to afford optically enriched esters utilizing achiral ­alcohols (s-factor: up to 484). The obtained bis-(α-naphthyl)-methyl esters could be easily transformed into the corresponding chiral acids, such as ibuprofen and naproxen, without loss of optical purity.
C4BP-IGM FUSION PROTEIN AS A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO TREAT NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE INFECTIONS (2019)

C4BP-IGM FUSION PROTEIN AS A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO TREAT NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE INFECTIONS