gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Batch-Normalized LSTM networks with Auxiliary classifier for Skeleton based Action Recognition (2018)

Recently, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based approach presents good performance in skeleton based action recognition. Utilizing deep layers of RNN or Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) has its on weakness when handling long-sequence data because of vanishing or exploding gradients through time. Batch Normalized LSTM (BN-LSTM) is able to give a solution for the problem, with the merit of converging faster in training. In contrast, when deeply layered, BN-LSTM structure shows slow convergence and worse accuracy. In this work, we analyze deep-layered BN-LSTM shows slower convergence in early training phase in training scheme and, finally we propose a deep BN-LSTM structure with auxiliary classifier that is able to converge faster and gives better results at skeleton based action recognition problem. Some experiment are conducted with Penn Action dataset and our own Computer Assembling Video dataset, we verified our proposal shows better results in skeleton based action recognition.
Rheb Protein Binds CAD (Carbamoyl-phosphate Synthetase 2, Aspartate Transcarbamoylase, and Dihydroorotase) Protein in a GTP- and Effector Domain-dependent Manner and Influences Its Cellular Localization and Carbamoyl-phosphate Synthetase (CPSase) Activity (2014)

Rheb small GTPases, which consist of Rheb1 and Rheb2 (also known as RhebL1) in mammalian cells, are unique members of the Ras superfamily and play central roles in regulating protein synthesis and cell growth by activating mTOR. To gain further insight into the function of Rheb, we carried out a search for Rheb-binding proteins and found that Rheb binds to CAD protein (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamoylase, and dihydroorotase), a multifunctional enzyme required for the de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. CAD binding is more pronounced with Rheb2 than with Rheb1. Rheb binds CAD in a GTP- and effector domain-dependent manner. The region of CAD where Rheb binds is located at the C-terminal region of the carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase domain and not in the dihydroorotase and aspartate transcarbamoylase domains. Rheb stimulated carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase activity of CAD in vitro. In addition, an elevated level of intracellular UTP pyrimidine nucleotide was observed in Tsc2-deficient cells, which was attenuated by knocking down of Rheb. Immunostaining analysis showed that expression of Rheb leads to increased accumulation of CAD on lysosomes. Both a farnesyltransferase inhibitor that blocks membrane association of Rheb and knockdown of Rheb mislocalized CAD. These results establish CAD as a downstream effector of Rheb and suggest a possible role of Rheb in regulating de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis.
Hardware-Limited Task-Based Quantization (2019)

Quantization plays a critical role in digital signal processing systems. Quantizers are typically designed to obtain an accurate digital representation of the input signal, operating independently of the system task, and are commonly implemented using scalar analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). In this work, we study hardware-limited task-based quantization, where a system utilizing a serial scalar ADC is designed to provide a suitable representation in order recover a parameter vector underlying the input signal. We propose hardware-limited task-based quantization systems for a fixed and finite quantization resolution, and characterize their achievable distortion. Our results illustrate that properly designed hardware-limited systems can approach the optimal performance achievable with vector quantizers, and that by taking the underlying task into account, the quantization error can be made negligible with a relatively small number of bits.
Transient Current of Nematic Liquid Crystals with Negative Dielectric Anisotropy Induced by Step-Voltage Excitation (2004)

A simple theory for measuring the rotational viscosity has been proposed from the analysis of transient current, induced by step-voltage excitation, in nematic liquid crystal cells (NLCs) with positive dielectric anisotropy [M. Imai et al.: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 33 (1994) L119]. The applicability of the theory to NLCs with negative dielectric anisotropy has been examined. It is found that the transient current shape of NLCs with negative dielectric anisotropy is different from that of NLCs with positive dielectric anisotropy, and hence, the theory cannot directly be applied to the analysis of the transient current of NLCs with negative dielectric anisotropy. Computer simulation shows that the transient current of NLCs with negative dielectric anisotropy is successfully reproduced by taking into account the flow effects with an appropriate boundary condition and that the flow effects play a key role in eliciting a faster electrooptic response in vertically aligned NLC displays.
Supplementary Figure 2: Revised May 4, 2009 from The Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Controls Cell Shape and Growth of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma through Cdc42 Activation (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2: Revised May 4, 2009 from The Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Controls Cell Shape and Growth of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma through Cdc42 Activation
Prevention of Inappropriate ICD Shocks due to Lead Insulation Failure by Continuous Monitoring and Automatic Alert (2012)

Patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead insulation failures may present with oversensing and/or abnormal impedance. The Lead Integrity Alert (LIA) monitors right ventricular pace/sense leads using both continuous oversensing and daily impedance measurementd. Oversensing consists of isolated short R-R intervals and nonsustained runs of short R-R intervals. The LIA algorithm has been studied for Sprint Fidelis conductor fractures, but not for lead insulation failures. We report on a patient with a failed St. Jude Riata™ ST lead (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) connected to a Medtronic Virtuoso DR (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) with the LIA. Oversensing triggered the LIA, while the impedance trend was normal.
Inhibition of CCR9 as a therapeutic approach: beyond the small intestine (2008)

CCR9 is a chemokine receptor known to play a pivotal role in migration of T-cells to the mucosal surface of the gut. Ablation of CCR9 or its ligand CCL25/TECK by genetic deletion or neutralizing antibodies impairs the migration of T-cells to the gut in mice. CCL25 is known to be expressed in the human intestinal mucosa, and is up regulated in Crohn's and Celiac patients.It is well established that CCR9 is critical for T-cell homing to the small intestine. We have recently found that CCR9 is also critical for development of ulcerative colitis in animal models, indicating a role for this chemokine receptor in cell migration to the large bowel. To extend these observations, we have used immunohistochemical analyses to explore the presence of CCR9 within both small and large bowel tissues collected from healthy individuals and those suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. Using a sensitive immunohistochemical staining protocol, CCR9+ T-cells were detected within both the small and large bowel of healthy donors, and showed a significant increase in numbers in the same tissues collected from patients with Crohn's Disease and ulcerative colitis respectively. Interestingly, CCL25 was also detected in the mucosa of both small and large bowel. These data are consistent with our previous observations that CCR9 antagonists provide protection in the MDR1a-/- model of murine colitis, and the TNF DARE model of murine Crohn's disease. They establish expression of CCR9/CCL25 within the large intestines of ulcerative colitis patients, providing scientific rationale for use of CCR9 antagonists (currently in clinical trial for human Crohn's Disease) to treat patients with Ulcerative Colitis.
Predicting corn tiller development in restrictive environments can be achieved to enhance defensive management decision tools for producers (2023)

This study demonstrates that tillering is a predictable plasticity mechanism in corn, and therefore could be incorporated into decision tools for restrictive growing regions. While useful for diagnostics, these models are limited in forecast utility and should be coupled with appropriate decision theory and risk assessments for producers in climatically and socioeconomically vulnerable environments.
Interference with Amyloid-β Nucleation by Transient Ligand Interaction (2019)

Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) associated with Alzheimer's disease. The structural flexibility and aggregation propensity of Aβ pose major challenges for elucidating the interaction between Aβ monomers and ligands. All-D-peptides consisting solely of D-enantiomeric amino acid residues are interesting drug candidates that combine high binding specificity with high metabolic stability. Here we characterized the interaction between the 12-residue all-D-peptide D3 and Aβ42 monomers, and how the interaction influences Aβ42 aggregation. We demonstrate for the first time that D3 binds to Aβ42 monomers with submicromolar affinities. These two highly unstructured molecules are able to form complexes with 1:1 and other stoichiometries. Further, D3 at substoichiometric concentrations effectively slows down the β-sheet formation and Aβ42 fibrillation by modulating the nucleation process. The study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of how D3 affects Aβ assemblies and contributes to our knowledge on the interaction between two IDPs.
Reliability Investigation of W2W Hybrid Bonding Interface: Breakdown Voltage and Leakage Mechanism (2022)

The electrical reliability of 1 µm pitch wafer-to-wafer (W2W) Cu/SiCN hybrid bonding interface is evaluated. Breakdown voltage distributions of the W2W hybrid stack were acquired using the controlled-IV method. Assuming a power law model, extrapolation towards use conditions confirm a lifetime above 10 years, with a power law exponent above 10 for temperatures under 175 °C. The conduction mechanism along the Cu/SiCN hybrid bonding interface is found to be Poole-Frenkel emission with energy barrier equals 0.95 eV. Mobile copper could only be observed at temperatures above 200 °C and for fields above 1.5 MV/cm, confirming the good robustness against copper drift for this bonding interface.
Nonlinear time reversal acoustic method of land mine detection: Experiment and modeling (2007)

The nonlinear vibration response of land mines is an effective detection clue. This response can be measured by application of two frequency acoustic waves producing a vibration spectrum above the mine that is different from its surrounding. As an alternative to this approach, this work investigates time reversal techniques as a method of acoustically exciting nonlinear mine vibrations over a broad frequency range. The phase-inversion method used here requires two short broadband time-reversed focused signals with opposite sign, i.e. phase inverted. The focused signal and the inverted focused signal are broadcast sequentially and the responses are summed in post processing. This cancels the linear response leaving the nonlinear component. A theoretical model has been developed that treats the mine stiffness as a nonlinear spring. It predicts that the dominant nonlinear frequencies correspond to the second harmonics of the mine’s primary resonance. Experiments were conducted using six loudspeakers in a box placed directly over a mine. The measured responses confirm most of the model predictions, and illustrate differences between the soil and mine nonlinearities. Work was supported by the U.S. Army RDECOM CERDEC Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate
Emission and Transport of 1,3-Dichloropropene and Chloropicrin in a Large Field Tarped with VaporSafe TIF (2012)

Tarping fumigated fields with low permeability films such as commercial Totally Impermeable Film (TIF) can significantly reduce emissions, but it can also increase fumigant residence time in the soil such that extended tarp-covering durations may be required to address potential exposure risks during tarp-cutting and removal. In an effort to develop safe practices for using TIF, a large field study was conducted in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Comprehensive data on emissions (measured with dynamic flux chambers), fate, and transport of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin were collected in a 3.3 ha field fumigated with Pic-Clor 60 via broadcast shank application. Low emission flux (below 15 μg m(-2) s(-1)) was observed from the tarped field throughout the tarp-covering period of 16 days with total emission loss of <8% of total applied for both chemicals. Although substantially higher flux was measured at tarp edges (up to 440 μg m(-2) s(-1)), the flux was reduced to below 0.5 μg m(-2) s(-1) beyond 2 m of tarp edge where total mass loss was estimated to be ≤ 1% of total applied to the field. Emission flux increased following tarp-cutting, but was much lower compared to 5 or 6 d tarp-covering periods determined in other fields. This study demonstrated the ability of TIF to significantly reduce fumigant emissions with supporting data on fumigant movement in soil. Proper management on use of the tarp, such as extending tarp-covering period, can reduce negative impact on the environment and help maintain the beneficial use of soil fumigants for agricultural productions.
Evaluating a Cube-Based User Interface for Exploring Music Collections (2011)

This paper studies the idea and feasibility of using a cube metaphor as a graphical user interface for exploring large music collections. In the implemented prototype, new music recommendations and related information are generated on the different faces of the cube based on the selected genre. In a user study with 40 participants, the cube was seen as an interesting and playful new concept that has great potential as a user interface. The prototype was considered to be inspiring and fun, and the participants appreciated to see extra information related to the currently playing track/artist. In the longer-term use, the prototype would have benefited from, e.g., text-based search functionality. Several other interesting ideas for the future development of the concept were also received.
Filamin inhibits actin activation of heavy meromyosin ATPase (1977)

Filamin is a high molecular weight (240 000) actin-binding protein.It has been isolated from alveolar macrophages [l] , leukemic leukocytes [2] and smooth muscle [3,4] and identified immunochemically in rat and mouse fibroblasts [3,5].Although the protein is present in substantial amounts in some tissues (l-2% of the protein of macrophage and smooth muscle cells), little is known of its function in the cell.Stossel and Hartwig [ 1,6,7] have shown that when macrophage filamin and actin are mixed together at 25°C they form a gel.Shizuta et al. [4] also observed gel formation when chicken-gizzard filarnin and actin were combined.Although little information is available on what effect filamin might have on actin function and what factors may regulate the interaction of filamin and actin, a known function of actin is activation of the Mg-ATPase activity of myosin or heavy meromyosin (HMM) (for review see ref. [S] ), We have studied the effects of filamin on F-actin activation of HMM ATPase and myosin ATPase and have found that filamin markedly reduced actin activation of these activities.2. Materials and methods Actin was prepared from an acetone powder of rabbit skeletal muscle by the procedure of Spudich and Watt [9].G-actin was converted into F-actin in a solution containing 2 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.0,60 mM KCl, 2 mM MgCl,, 0.2 mM CaClz and 0.2 mM ATP. Human platelet actin and rabbit skeletal muscle myosin and HMM were a gift from Dr E. Korn, National
High average power scaleable thin-disk laser (2002)

Using a thin disk laser gain element with an undoped cap layer enables the scaling of lasers to extremely high average output power values. Ordinarily, the power scaling of such thin disk lasers is limited by the deleterious effects of amplified spontaneous emission. By using an undoped cap layer diffusion bonded to the thin disk, the onset of amplified spontaneous emission does not occur as readily as if no cap layer is used, and much larger transverse thin disks can be effectively used as laser gain elements. This invention can be used as a high average power laser for material processing applications as well as for weapon and air defense applications.
Conformal Invariance and Stochastic Loewner Evolution Processes in Two-Dimensional Ising Spin Glasses (2006)

We present numerical evidence that the techniques of conformal field theory might be applicable to two-dimensional Ising spin glasses with Gaussian bond distributions. It is shown that certain domain wall distributions in one geometry can be related to that in a second geometry by a conformal transformation. We also present direct evidence that the domain walls are stochastic Loewner (SLE) processes with kappa approximately 2.1. An argument is given that their fractal dimension d(f) is related to their interface energy exponent theta by d(f) - 1 = 3/[4(3 + theta)], which is consistent with the commonly quoted values d(f) approximately 1.27 and theta approximately -0.28.
Polymer Piezoelectric Tubular Transducers (2006)

Piezoelectric tubular transducers are key components for microactuating devices such as ultrasonic motors and devices utilizing piezoceramics outperform their electromagnetic counterparts at miniaturized scales. Incorporating piezoelectric polymers allows the benefits of increased strain and energy density but their use in tubular transducers in bending mode has not been investigated to date. In the present work, the feasibility of adapting a piezoelectric polymer to this device is investigated, with the application of classical beam theory to model the dynamic performance. Experimental results verify a linear constitutive relationship, and indicate a displacement of at , .
Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Plasma‐Surface Interactions (2016)

Plasma‐surface interactions are in general highly complex due to the interplay of many concurrent processes. Molecular dynamics simulations provide insight in some of these processes, subject to the accessible time and length scales, and the availability of suitable force fields. In this introductory tutorial‐style review, we aim to describe the current capabilities and limitations of molecular dynamics simulations in this field, restricting ourselves to low‐temperature non‐thermal plasmas. Attention is paid to the simulation of the various fundamental processes occurring, including sputtering, etching, implantation, and deposition, as well as to what extent the basic plasma components can be accounted for, including ground state and excited species, electric fields, ions, photons, and electrons. A number of examples is provided, giving an bird's eye overview of the current state of the field.
A new MMSE encoding algorithm for vector quantization (1991)

An algebraic interpretation of characterization of a quantizer point in terms of its neighbors is presented, along with a new method for finding the neighbors. A novel MMSE (minimum mean squared error) encoding algorithm for vector quantization is proposed. The use of a prequantizer for providing a good starting point to the new algorithm is discussed. Simulation results show that the new algorithm, used in conjunction with Gersho's (1982) method for finding the neighbors, effects a substantial decrease in the total number of operations required for encoding when compared with the fast algorithm proposed by Soleymani and Morgera (1988). The drawback of the new algorithm is the increased storage requirement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Laser written fluorescence in plastic slides for microscope calibration (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Fluorescence microscopy is an essential tool in bio-imaging, yet there are no widely adopted standards for the calibration of fluorescent microscopes. Calibration provides a wide range of information relating to microscope performance. Without calibration, images taken on two separate microscopes cannot be directly compared as they may have differing magnifications, illumination intensities or detector sensitivities. As the range of microscopy techniques capturing 3D information continues to increase, the need for standardisation becomes ever greater. Widely used methods for determining microscope performance are currently limited to basic techniques such as fluorescent beads, which don’t form a regularly spaced pattern and reflective etched gratings, which are limited to being two-dimensional and require changes to the microscope filter sets. Using ultrafast laser processing inside plastic substrates, we demonstrate the generation of bright fluorescent patterns in three dimensions offering new possibilities for calibration in fluorescence microscopy. The fabricated calibration slides can be used to quantify a range of parameters that determine microscope performance. For example, spatial distortions within the field of view can be quantified by a regular array of bright fluorescent points. Other patterns can determine factors such as detector linearity, field flatness and changes in the point spread function across the field of view and over depth. The patterns can additionally be used to calibrate spatial length-scales and for colour channel registration.
Simit (2016)

With existing programming tools, writing high-performance simulation code is labor intensive and requires sacrificing readability and portability. The alternative is to prototype simulations in a high-level language like Matlab, thereby sacrificing performance. The Matlab programming model naturally describes the behavior of an entire physical system using the language of linear algebra. However, simulations also manipulate individual geometric elements, which are best represented using linked data structures like meshes. Translating between the linked data structures and linear algebra comes at significant cost, both to the programmer and to the machine. High-performance implementations avoid the cost by rephrasing the computation in terms of linked or index data structures, leaving the code complicated and monolithic, often increasing its size by an order of magnitude. In this article, we present Simit, a new language for physical simulations that lets the programmer view the system both as a linked data structure in the form of a hypergraph and as a set of global vectors, matrices, and tensors depending on what is convenient at any given time. Simit provides a novel assembly construct that makes it conceptually easy and computationally efficient to move between the two abstractions. Using the information provided by the assembly construct, the compiler generates efficient in-place computation on the graph. We demonstrate that Simit is easy to use: a Simit program is typically shorter than a Matlab program; that it is high performance: a Simit program running sequentially on a CPU performs comparably to hand-optimized simulations; and that it is portable: Simit programs can be compiled for GPUs with no change to the program, delivering 4 to 20× speedups over our optimized CPU code.