gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copy Number Variation of KIR Genes Influences HIV-1 Control (2011)

A genome-wide screen for large structural variants showed that a copy number variant (CNV) in the region encoding killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) associates with HIV-1 control as measured by plasma viral load at set point in individuals of European ancestry. This CNV encompasses the KIR3DL1-KIR3DS1 locus, encoding receptors that interact with specific HLA-Bw4 molecules to regulate the activation of lymphocyte subsets including natural killer (NK) cells. We quantified the number of copies of KIR3DS1 and KIR3DL1 in a large HIV-1 positive cohort, and showed that an increase in KIR3DS1 count associates with a lower viral set point if its putative ligand is present (p = 0.00028), as does an increase in KIR3DL1 count in the presence of KIR3DS1 and appropriate ligands for both receptors (p = 0.0015). We further provide functional data that demonstrate that NK cells from individuals with multiple copies of KIR3DL1, in the presence of KIR3DS1 and the appropriate ligands, inhibit HIV-1 replication more robustly, and associated with a significant expansion in the frequency of KIR3DS1+, but not KIR3DL1+, NK cells in their peripheral blood. Our results suggest that the relative amounts of these activating and inhibitory KIR play a role in regulating the peripheral expansion of highly antiviral KIR3DS1+ NK cells, which may determine differences in HIV-1 control following infection.
Mental retardation in Norway: prevalence and sub-classification in a cohort of 30 037 children born between 1980 and 1985 (1998)

The low prevalence of MR, particularly mild MR, could partly be explained by high SES, old standardization of IQ-test, and low inbreeding coefficient. The proportion of profound MR was considerably higher than estimated by DSM-IV.
5-Nitro-4-(N,N-Dimethylaminopropylamino)quinoline (5-Nitraquine), a New DNA-Affinic Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizer and Bioreductive Agent: Comparison with Nitracrine (1992)

Targeting of electron-affinic radiosensitizers to DNA via noncovalent binding (e.g., intercalation) may offer the potential for increasing sensitizing efficiency. However, it has been suggested that high-affinity DNA binding may compromise sensitization by restricting the mobility of sensitizers along the DNA, and by decreasing rates of extravascular diffusion in tumors. The weak DNA intercalator nitracrine (1-NC) is a more efficient radiosensitizer than related nitroacridines with higher DNA-binding affinities (Roberts et al., Radiat. Res. 123, 153-164, 1990). The present study investigates whether electron-affinic agents of even lower DNA-binding affinity may be superior to nitroacridines. The quinoline analog of 1-NC, 5-nitraquine (5-NO), was shown to have an intrinsic association constant for calf thymus DNA in 20 mM phosphate buffer which was 12-fold lower than that of 1-NC. 5-Nitraquine was not accumulated as efficiently as 1-NC by AA8 cells, but, despite a similar one-electron reduction potential, was 2- to 3-fold more potent than 1-NC as a hypoxia-selective radiosensitizer in vitro when compared on the basis of average intracellular concentration. Thus the radiosensitizing potency of 5-NQ appears not to be compromised by its low DNA-binding affinity. The cytotoxic mechanisms of 5-NQ and 1-NC appear to be similar (hypoxia-selective formation of DNA monoadducts), but 5-NQ is 1200-fold less potent than 1-NC as a cytotoxin. Despite this advantage, 5-NQ was not active in vivo as a radiosensitizer in SCCVII tumors. This lack of activity appears to be due to its relatively high toxicity in vivo (intraperitoneal LD50 of 105 mumol kg-1 in C3H/HeN mice), high one-electron reduction potential (-286 mV), and rapid metabolism to the corresponding amine in mice. The in vitro therapeutic index (hypoxic radiosensitizing potency/aerobic cytotoxic potency) of this weak DNA binder was lower than that of the non-DNA targeted radiosensitizer misonidazole, suggesting that DNA targeting enhances cytotoxicity more than radiosensitization. Development of useful DNA-targeted radiosensitizers may require the exploitation of DNA binding modes different from those of the nitroacridines and nitroquinolines.
&#x201C;Dual-purpose&#x201D; remateable Conductive Ball-in-Pit interconnects for chip powering and passive alignment in Proximity Communication enabled multi-chip packages (2012)

We propose a novel chip-to-chip interconnection, called Conductive Ball-in-Pit (CBiP), to simultaneously accomplish micron-scale layer-to-layer alignment and power-distribution that are essential in any Proximity Communication (PxC)-enabled multi-chip package. CBiP interconnects are demonstrated: (1) to be remateable, (2) to achieve a low-resistance contact between chips assembled in a face-to-face configuration, (3) to carry greater than 1.7 A of DC current, and (4) to passively align chips to within 3 μm.
Power-efficient wireless OFDMA using limited-rate feedback (2008)

Emerging applications involving low-cost wireless sensor networks motivate well optimization of multi-user orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) in the power-limited regime. In this context, the present paper relies on limited-rate feedback (LRF) sent from the access point to terminals to minimize the total average transmit-power under individual average rate and error probability constraints. Along with the characterization of optimal bit, power and subcarrier allocation policies based on LRF, suboptimal yet simple schemes are developed for channel quantization. The novel algorithms proceed in two phases: (i) an off-line phase to construct the channel quantizer as well as the rate and power codebooks with moderate complexity; and (ii) an on-line phase to obtain, based on quantized channel state information, the optimum, rate, power and user-subcarrier allocation with linear complexity. Numerical examples corroborate the analytical claims and reveal that significant power savings result even with suboptimal schemes based on practically affordable LRF.
Polysarcosine-Functionalized Lipid Nanoparticles for Therapeutic mRNA Delivery (2020)

Polysarcosine (pSar) is a polypeptoid based on the endogenous amino acid sarcosine (N-methylated glycine), which has previously shown potent stealth properties. Here, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for therapeutic application of messenger RNA were assembled using pSarcosinylated lipids as a tool for particle engineering. Using pSar lipids with different polymeric chain lengths and molar fractions enabled the control of the physicochemical characteristics of the LNPs, such as particle size, morphology, and internal structure. In combination with a suited ionizable lipid, LNPs were assembled, which displayed high RNA transfection potency with an improved safety profile after intravenous injection. Notably, a higher protein secretion with a reduced immunostimulatory response was observed when compared to systems based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipids. pSarcosinylated nanocarriers showed a lower proinflammatory cytokine secretion and reduced complement activation compared to PEGylated LNPs. In summary, the described pSar-based LNPs enable safe and potent delivery of mRNA, thus signifying an excellent basis for the development of PEG-free RNA therapeutics.
Highly transparent ceramics obtained from jet milled sesquioxide powders synthesized by co-precipitation method (2014)

High purity Yb3+ doped Lu2O3 powder has been synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The powders underwent a jet milling at various feed rate using a commercial jet mill machine. It is found that jet milling is very effective in breaking up of large agglomerates without cross-contamination. Median agglomerate size decreased from 8.74 μm to 1.06 μm when jet milled at a feed rate 0.75 lb/hr. There was no noticeable increase in impurities picked up during the jet milling process in the final powder obtained after a sacrificial run that was carried out for the purpose of conditioning the surface of the liner. Homogeneous, uniform, and highly transparent ceramic was obtained from the ceramic hot pressed with the final jet milled powder compared to the one made from as-produced powder where some defects and splotches are often observed. Transmission of the Yb3+:Lu2O3 ceramics obtained from the jet milled powder is very close to the theoretical limit, demonstrating the excellent quality of the transparent ceramic.
Structural analysis of cis-[n.3.1]bicyclic ketones by x-ray crystallography. Impact of the observed conformational crossover by .pi.-facially diastereoselective nucleophilic additions to this class of ketones and on the stereochemical course of electrophilic reactions involving their methylene analogs (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural analysis of cis-[n.3.1]bicyclic ketones by x-ray crystallography. Impact of the observed conformational crossover by .pi.-facially diastereoselective nucleophilic additions to this class of ketones and on the stereochemical course of electrophilic reactions involving their methylene analogsLeo A. Paquette, Ted L. Underiner, and Judith C. GallucciCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1, 86–96Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00027a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00027a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Correlating the Formation Protocols of Solid Electrolyte Interphases with Practical Performance Metrics in Lithium Metal Batteries (2023)

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is regarded as the most important and least understood component of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Similarly, the connection between SEI formation protocols and the practical performance metrics in LMBs is even less understood. Here, we demonstrate the effects of constant current and constant voltage SEI formation protocols on Coulombic efficiency (CE) and corrosion losses in LMBs. The formation protocols produce SEIs that reduce parasitic lithium–electrolyte reactions, improving early cycle CE and mitigating corrosion of lithium metal. In addition, we establish that the thicker constant current SEIs formed at low current densities are better for passivating lithium than constant voltage SEIs, possibly due to reduced electrolyte permeability in the constant current SEIs. Using these SEI formation protocols in a high-performing electrolyte, we improve first-cycle CE by ∼5%, improve compounded CE in the first 5 cycles by ∼7%, and reduce corrosion-induced CE losses by ∼8%.
Association of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replicase with RNA Template and Cytoplasmic Membranes (1974)

The association of the replicase of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) with cellular membranes was suggested following attempts to produce a soluble enzyme by the use of detergents (Arlinghaus &amp; Polatnick, 1967, 1969; Delagneau, 1971), as described for the purification of poliovirus replicase (Ehrenfeld, Maizel &amp; Summers, 1970). Subsequently, the association with cellular membranes of the replicase and the single-stranded and replicative forms of RNA was reported for poliovirus (Caliguiri &amp; Tamm, 1969, 1970a, b), for Semliki Forest virus (Friedman et al., 1972) and for tobacco mosaic virus (Ralph, Bullivant &amp; Wojcik, 1971). In each case, the replicase-membrane complex contained endogenous RNA template (Arlinghaus &amp; Polatnick, 1969; Caliguiri &amp; Tamm, 1969; Ehrenfeld et al., 1970; Friedman et al., 1972). We show in this communication that FMDV replicase is associated with ribosome-containing membranes and requires glycerol to stabilize its activity during sedimentation in the presence of detergents.
Correction: Crystalline boron monosulfide nanosheets with tunable bandgaps (2022)

Correction for ‘Crystalline boron monosulfide nanosheets with tunable bandgaps’ by Haruki Kusaka et al. , J. Mater. Chem. A , 2021, 9 , 24631–24640, DOI: 10.1039/D1TA03307G.
The Quality of Life and Economic Burden of Erectile Dysfunction (2021)

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common disorder in adult males that results in withdrawal from sexual intimacy, psychosocial problems (ie, poor self-esteem, depression, anxiety), decreased work productivity, and reduction in quality of life for both the men suffering from ED and their female partners. A pragmatic literature review was undertaken using PUBMED to identify original research studies published over the past 20 years that assessed the impact of ED on a male's quality of life, the impact of ED on a female partner's quality of life, or the economic impact of ED on employers. Twenty studies were selected for inclusion. This review showed that men with ED have a poorer quality of life than men without ED (n=9 studies). Results from a global burden of illness study showed that men with ED report substantially lower SF-36 Mental and Physical Component Summary scores and SF-6D scores compared to men without ED (p<0.001). Similarly, the partner is also negatively impacted by ED due to relationship difficulties and decreased sexual satisfaction (n=8 studies). Results from the Female Experience of Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality study showed that females were significantly less satisfied and engaged in sexual activity less frequently after their partner developed ED (p<0.001). ED also poses a substantial economic burden on employers (n=3 studies). An observational study in men aged 40-70 showed that men with ED had significantly higher rates of absenteeism (2x) and work productivity impairment compared to men without ED (p<0.001). Overall, this contemporary review demonstrated that ED imposes a substantial quality of life burden on men and their female partners as well as a significant economic burden on their employers. These findings underscore the need for more education and awareness of the burden of ED and greater access to appropriate ED treatments to help alleviate this burden.
Spatio-Temporal Waveform Design for Multiuser Massive MIMO Downlink With 1-bit Receivers (2016)

Internet-of-Things (IoT) refers to a high-density network of low-cost, low-bitrate terminals and sensors where low energy consumption is also one central feature. As the power budget of classical receiver chains is dominated by the high-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), there is a growing interest toward deploying receiver architectures with reduced bit or even 1-bit ADCs. In this paper, we study waveform design, optimization, and detection aspects of multiuser massive MIMO downlink, where user terminals adopt very simple 1-bit ADCs with oversampling. In order to achieve spectral efficiency higher than 1 bit/s/Hz per real dimension, and per receiver antenna, we propose a two-stage precoding structure, namely, a novel quantization precoder followed by maximum-ratio transmission or zero-forcing-type spatial channel precoder which jointly form the multiuser multiantenna transmit waveform. The quantization precoder outputs are designed and optimized, under appropriate transmitter and receiver filter bandwidth constraints, to provide controlled intersymbol interference enabling the input symbols to be uniquely detected from 1-bit quantized observations with a low-complexity symbol detector in the absence of noise. An additional optimization constraint is also imposed in the quantization precoder design to increase the robustness against noise and residual interuser interference (IUI). The purpose of the spatial channel precoder, in turn, is to suppress the IUI and provide high beamforming gains such that good symbol error rates can be achieved in the presence of noise and interference. Extensive numerical evaluations illustrate that the proposed spatio-temporal precoder-based multiantenna waveform design can facilitate good multiuser link performance, despite the extremely simple 1-bit ADCs in the receivers, hence being one possible enabling technology for the future low-complexity IoT networks.
Supplementary Figure 1 from A Phase I Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of CHR-3996, an Oral Class I Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor in Refractory Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 42K, CHR-3996&lt;/p&gt;
A comparison of three-dimensional simulations of traveling-wave tube cold-test characteristics using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO and MAFIA (2003)

Previously, it was shown that MAFIA (solutions of Maxwell's equations by the Finite Integration Algorithm), a three-dimensional simulation code, can be used to produce accurate cold-test characteristics including frequency-phase dispersion, interaction impedance, and attenuation for traveling-wave tube (TWT) slow-wave structures. In an effort to improve user-friendliness and simulation time, a model was developed to compute the cold-test parameters using the electromagnetic field simulation software package CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (MWS). Cold-test parameters were calculated for several slow-wave circuits including a ferruled coupled-cavity, a folded waveguide, and a novel finned-ladder circuit using both MWS and MAFIA. Comparisons indicate that MWS provides more accurate cold-test data with significantly reduced simulation times.
Immunothérapie de l’infection par le VIH par l’utilisation de cytokines (2006)

The theoretical objectives of cytokine therapies in HIV infection are to impact T cell homeostasis and/or to improve immune functions or the mobilization of the HIV reservoir. Among cytokines, IL-2 and IL-7 are promising agents under clinical evaluation. Intermittent administration of IL-2 is by far the furthest studied strategy in HIV infection. This cytokine increases CD4 T lymphocytes in HIV-infected individuals. Recent clinical data showed that this effect is sustained over years. IL-2 therapy induces a peripheral expansion of T cells as a consequence of prolonged survival of T cells and decreased immune activation. These effects suggest that a cytokine therapy may interfere with critical factors of HIV disease. Recent data provide arguments that IL-2 therapy improves immune functions in HIV-infected patients. Whether these effects may be translated into clinical benefits is under evaluation in ongoing phase III studies. The potential interest of IL-7 in the treatment of HIV-infection is based on its crucial role on T cell homeostasis both in thymic output and peripheral T proliferation and survival. Although no data in human are still available, recent studies provide arguments to assess this cytokine in HIV infection. Phase I studies are ongoing or planned.
Cytokine production in colonic tissue and spleen after DSS-induced colitis. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Cytokine concentrations in homogenized tissues are presented as a percentage of the amount observed in the PBS control group (range from different experiments given in parentheses for each cytokine) which received the value of 100. Upper panel, colon: TGF-β (100 = 69 to 131.4 pg/mL), IL-4 (100 = 70.8 to 161.2 pg/mL), IL-6 (100 = 63.2 to 159.2 pg/mL), IL-10 (100 = 72.8 to 146.2 pg/mL), IL-12 (100 = 71.4 to 168.8 pg/mL), IL-17 (100 = 83.3 to 143.4 pg/mL). Lower panel, spleen: TGF-β (100 = 80.7 to 169.7 pg/mL), IL-6 (100 = 80.1 to 134 pg/mL), IL-10 (100 = 73.1 to 143.2 pg/mL), IL-12 (100 = 53.1 to 123 pg/mL), IL-17 (100 = 68.3 to 136.2 pg/mL). PBS, control without bacteria or DSS; DSS, DSS only, without bacteria; 327+DSS, DSS plus Lb CNRZ327.Bars represent the mean ± SEM calculated across two to six independent experiments, with 2 to 10 mice per group in each experiment (combined sample sizes: 9 to 33 mice per treatment (colon) and 5 to 12 mice per treatment (spleen)). * = p&lt;0.05; ** = p&lt;0.01; *** = p&lt;0.001.&lt;/p&gt;
An Area-Efficient Microprocessor-Based SoC With an Instruction-Cache Transformable to an Ambient Temperature Sensor and a Physically Unclonable Function (2018)

This paper presents a novel microprocessor-based system-on-chip (SoC) with the capability to transform SRAM in the instruction cache to an ambient temperature sensor and a physically unclonable function (PUF). For the transformation, we extend the original microprocessor without interlocked pipeline stages instruction set architecture and update SRAM peripheral circuits and pipeline control. All the changes are made minimally to reduce hardware overhead and the impact on the original microarchitecture. Compared to the conventional approach implementing dedicated hardware for low duty-cycle sensing and PUF, the proposed transformation approach saves ~9.8× silicon area while achieving the performance and robustness comparable to the state of the art in implementing those functions. The efficiency of the approach is verified with an SoC prototyped in a 65-nm CMOS.
Alzheimer’s Disease: A Journey from Amyloid Peptides and Oxidative Stress, to Biomarker Technologies and Disease Prevention Strategies—Gains from AIBL and DIAN Cohort Studies (2018)

Worldwide there are over 46 million people living with dementia, and this number is expected to double every 20 years reaching about 131 million by 2050. The cost to the community and government health systems, as well as the stress on families and carers is incalculable. Over three decades of research into this disease have been undertaken by several research groups in Australia, including work by our original research group in Western Australia which was involved in the discovery and sequencing of the amyloid-β peptide (also known as Aβ or A4 peptide) extracted from cerebral amyloid plaques. This review discusses the journey from the discovery of the Aβ peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain to the establishment of pre-clinical AD using PET amyloid tracers, a method now serving as the gold standard for developing peripheral diagnostic approaches in the blood and the eye. The latter developments for early diagnosis have been largely achieved through the establishment of the Australian Imaging Biomarker and Lifestyle research group that has followed 1,100 Australians for 11 years. AIBL has also been instrumental in providing insight into the role of the major genetic risk factor apolipoprotein E ɛ4, as well as better understanding the role of lifestyle factors particularly diet, physical activity and sleep to cognitive decline and the accumulation of cerebral Aβ.