gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subband based classification of speech under stress (2002)

This study proposes a new set of feature parameters based on subband analysis of the speech signal for classification of speech under stress. The new speech features are scale energy (SE), autocorrelation-scale-energy (ACSE), subband based cepstral parameters (SC), and autocorrelation-SC (ACSC). The parameters' ability to capture different stress types is compared to widely used mel-scale cepstrum based representations: mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and autocorrelation-mel-scale (AC-mel). Next, a feedforward neural network is formulated for speaker-dependent stress classification of 10 stress conditions: angry, clear, cond50/70, fast, loud, lombard, neutral, question, slow, and soft. The classification algorithm is evaluated using a previously established stressed speech database (SUSAS) (Hansen and Bou-Ghazale 1997). Subband based features are shown to achieve +7.3% and +9.1% increase in the classification rates over the MFCC based parameters for ungrouped and grouped stress closed vocabulary test scenarios respectively. Moreover the average scores across the simulations of new features are +8.6% and +13.6% higher than MFCC based features for the ungrouped and grouped stress test scenarios respectively.
DEGs between AD and SCC from <i>GFPT2</i>-Expressing Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Mediate Metabolic Reprogramming in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This supplement file contains the identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lung adenocarcinoma (AD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients.&lt;/p&gt;
The Parisian Metropolis: Who Will Take the Helm? (2003)

The Parisian agglomeration is very fragmented. It is made up first of all of Paris, a 
capital city governed by the state that long ensured the direct management of its affairs. 
It also includes the numerous local authorities that link together the metropolitan area, as 
well as the Ile de France region, which has grown considerably since its belated 
establishment. These political institutions have competencies that overlap to a very great 
extent, since all powers are urban. As a result, the Parisian agglomeration has neither a 
single pilot, nor even a truly stabilized procedure of governance and coordination. 
However, this is no reason to consider it ungovernable: first of all, because of the rapid 
growth of the region surrounding the capital, and secondly, because the various 
institutional actors share the same image of the metropolis.
The Status of Huyan Thought in the Unified Shilla: How Uisang’s Huayan Thought Became the Mainstream in the Unified Shilla Buddhism? (2019)

The common understanding of Unified Shilla Buddhism is like this; the Huayan thought introduced during the unifying war in the middle of the 7th century became the mainstream under the auspices of royal family until the 9th century when the Chan Buddhism, having much supports from the new powers of local areas, replaced it. But in reality, the Huayan thought became the mainstream only in the middle of the 8th century and it maintained the status even after the rise of the Chan Buddhism in the 9th century. In the early period of Unified Shilla, the Yogacara Buddhism was most popular subject in the Buddhist world. The monk scholars who wrote commentaries on various kinds of Buddhist sutras with the knowledge of the Yogacara Buddhism led the Shilla Buddhism at the time. In the 8th century, people came to have much interest in the Huayan thought. In the middle of the century, many Buddhists accepted the idea that the Huayan sutra is the superior among all the Buddhist literature and the monks of Huayan school got the support of the royal family and nobles. There are two lineages in the Huayan school at the time. The one is the disciples of Uisang. They respected the teachings of Uisang and Zhiyan, and cared only the contents of the Huayan sutra. They emphasized the religious practice and paid little interest in the theoretical study. The other lineage is the followers of Wonhyo and Fazang, another disciple of Zhiyan. They have much interest in the theories of the Huayan sutra and studied diverse explanations of many scholars. They also had much interest in the Dasheng qixin lun and tried to synthesize its thought with that of Huayan sutra. In the 9th century the Huayan school prospered with the closer relation with the palace. Most of the Huayan scholars in the time belonged to the Uisang’s lineage, and there’s no trace of the successors of Wonhyo and Fazang. It reflect the atmosphere of the times, when the theoretical study declined while the religious practices were respected.
Protective effect of fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, on chemokine expression, leukocyte recruitment, and hepatocellular apoptosis in septic liver injury (2006)

Rho-kinase signaling regulates important features of inflammatory reactions. Herein, we investigated the effect and mechanisms of action of the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil in endotoxemic liver injury. C57/BL/6 mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine, with or without pretreatment with the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil. Six hours after endotoxin challenge, leukocyte-endothelium interactions in the hepatic microvasculature were studied by use of intravital fluorescence microscopy and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha); CXC chemokines as well as liver enzymes and apoptosis were determined. Administration of fasudil reduced LPS-induced leukocyte adhesion in postsinusoidal venules and sequestration in sinusoids. Moreover, we found that fasudil abolished extravascular infiltration of leukocytes as well as production of TNF-alpha and CXC chemokines in the liver of endotoxemic mice. Liver enzymes and hepatocellular apoptosis were markedly reduced, and sinusoidal perfusion was improved significantly in endotoxemic mice pretreated with fasudil. Our novel data document that fasudil is a potent inhibitor of endotoxin-induced expression of TNF-alpha and CXC chemokines as well as leukocyte infiltration and hepatocellular apoptosis in the liver. Based on the present findings, it is suggested that inhibition of the Rho-kinase signaling pathway may be a useful target in the treatment of septic liver injury.
A Low-Loss Inductor Structure and Design Guidelines for High-Frequency Applications (2019)

Operation in the high-frequency (HF) regime (3-30 MHz) has potential for miniaturizing power electronics, but designing small efficient inductors at HF can be challenging. At these frequencies, losses due to skin and proximity effects are difficult to reduce, and gaps needed to keep B fields low in the core add fringing field loss. We propose a low-loss inductor structure with step-by-step design guidelines for HF applications. The structure achieves low loss through double-sided conduction in its single-layer winding and through quasi-distributed gaps. An example ~15 μH inductor designed using the proposed design guidelines achieved an experimental quality factor of 720 at 3 MHz and 2A (peak) of ac current. The inductor also improved a high-current-swing power converter operated at 1-3 MHz; at 250 W, the inductor reduced converter losses by 19%, compared to a conventional inductor design. In some cases, litz wire may further improve the performance of the proposed structure. With litz wire, the example inductor had an improved quality factor of 980. Thus, the proposed inductor geometry and design guidelines are suitable for small highly efficient inductors at HF and can thereby help realize high-frequency miniaturization of power electronics. (This paper is accompanied by an example Python script for generating preliminary designs, available in the online supplementary material).
Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures (2014)

Oxide nanoelectronics is a rapidly growing field which seeks to develop novel materials with multifunctional behavior at nanoscale dimensions. Oxide interfaces exhibit a wide range of properties that can be controlled include conduction, piezoelectric behavior, ferromagnetism, superconductivity and nonlinear optical properties. Recently, methods for controlling these properties at extreme nanoscale dimensions have been discovered and developed. Here are described explicit step-by-step procedures for creating LaAlO3/SrTiO3 nanostructures using a reversible conductive atomic force microscopy technique. The processing steps for creating electrical contacts to the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface are first described. Conductive nanostructures are created by applying voltages to a conductive atomic force microscope tip and locally switching the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface to a conductive state. A versatile nanolithography toolkit has been developed expressly for the purpose of controlling the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip path and voltage. Then, these nanostructures are placed in a cryostat and transport measurements are performed. The procedures described here should be useful to others wishing to conduct research in oxide nanoelectronics.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Highly efficient biocompatible neuroprotectants with dual activity as antioxidants and P2Y receptor agonists. (2013)

Currently, there is a need for novel, biocompatible, and effective neuroprotectants for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury associated with oxidative damage. Here, we developed nucleotide-based neuroprotectants acting dually as antioxidants and P2Y-R agonists. To improve the potency, selectivity, and metabolic stability of ATP/ADP, we substituted adenine C2-position by Cl and Pα/Pβ position by borano group, 6-9. Nucleotides 6-9 inhibited oxidation in cell-free systems (Fe(II)-H2O2), as detected by ESR (IC50 up to 175 μM), and ABTS assay (IC50 up to 40 μM). They also inhibited FeSO4-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells (IC50 of 80-200 nM). 2-Cl-ADP(α-BH3), 7a, was found to be the most potent P2Y1-R agonist currently known (EC50 7 nM) and protected primary cortical neurons from FeSO4 insult (EC50 170 nM). In addition, it proved to be metabolically stable in human blood serum (t(1/2) 7 vs 1.5 h for ADP). Hence, we propose 7a as a highly promising neuroprotectant. PMID: 23751098
HD-Eye - visual clustering of high dimensional data: a demonstration (2004)

Clustering of large databases is an important research area with a large variety of applications in the data base context. Missing in most of the research efforts are means for guiding the clustering process and understand the results, which is especially important if the data under consideration is high dimensional and has not been collected for the purpose of being analyzed. Visualization technology may help to solve this problem since it allows an effective support of different clustering paradigms and provides means for a visual inspection of the results. Our HD-Eye (high-dimensional eye) system (A. Hinneburg et al., 1999) shows that a tight integration of advanced clustering algorithms and state-of-the-art visualization techniques is powerful for a better understanding and effective guidance of the clustering process, and therefore can help to significantly improve the clustering results. The demonstration shows how the user can visually explore the data by focusing on interesting projections and guide the important steps of the clustering process. Due to its interactive nature, the HD-Eye system allows a combination of multiple clustering paradigms, leading to clustering models, which fit, well to the intended tasks and the users interests. In addition, the integrated data visualization capabilities of the HD-Eye system lead to a better understanding of the clustering results. The applications to be demonstrated include clustering of large image as well as molecular biology databases.
A Brain Phantom Study of a Noncontact Single Inductive Coil Device and the Attendant Algorithm for First Stage Diagnosis of Internal Bleeding in the Head (2019)

Abstract Hemorrhagic stroke is one of the leading causes of premature death among economically disadvantaged populations. Treatments of these conditions require an early diagnosis. While computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the medical gold standard for early diagnosis, these imaging modalities are rarely available in low- and middle-income countries. We present an unsophisticated noncontact single coil inductive device and a simple algorithm for detection of changes in fluid/tissue ratio in the head which simulates blood vessel bursting in the brain. Experiments were performed on a typical phantom model of the head and internal bleeding was simulated by injection of physiological saline at two locations in the head phantom. The primary motivation for this work is the need for a simple and robust detection device and algorithm for diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke in low- and middle-income countries. This phantom-based study shows that the technology and in particular the algorithm introduced here are robust and could replace conventional imaging for first stage diagnosis of internal bleeding in the head, and thereby save millions of lives every year. Clinical studies are required to further examine the technology and the algorithm.
Video editing using figure tracking and image-based rendering (2000)

We describe a new approach to video editing based on the semi-automatic segmentation of video into multiple layers and the composition of layers using image-based rendering. Using figure tracking and background motion estimation, we can segment a moving figure and reconstruct the background. Using geometrically-correct pixel reprojection, layers can be composited on the basis of the geometry of the underlying scene and the position of a virtual camera. We have implemented a prototype editing system called SpliceWorld.
Transfection of A Rat Hepatoma Cell Line With A Construct Expressing Human Liver Annexin V Confers Susceptibility to Hepatitis B Virus Infection (1999)

Previously, we have found that human liver annexin V (hA-V; in earlier reports referred as Endonexin II) is a specific hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) binding protein. In this study, we demonstrate that transfection of rat hepatoma FTO 2B cells, a cell line that is not infectable by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and does not express hA-V, with a construct containing the hA-V gene, resulted in hA-V expressing cells susceptible to HBV infection. After in vitro infection, transfected FTO cells (assigned as FTO 9.1 cells) expressing hA-V in cultures were shown to contain HBV-precore/core, X mRNAs, and covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA as detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of HBV ccc and replicative intermediate DNA was also demonstrated by Southern blot hybridization assay. HBV DNA secreted in the culture medium was also evident as determined by quantitative branched DNA (bDNA) assay. HBsAg and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) could also be detected by an immunocytochemical method in 10% to 15% of the cells at day 3 and day 5 after infection. Infectivity of in vitro-propagated HBV was demonstrated by infection of the naive FTO 9.1 cells with the culture supernatant from HBV-carrier cultures. In contrast to primary cultures of human hepatocytes and FTO 9.1 cells, primary rat and mouse hepatocytes, as well as rat hepatoma cell lines that do not express hA-V, are not susceptible to HBV infection. These findings suggest that hA-V plays a key role in the initial step of HBV infection and that the species-specific susceptibility to HBV infection and replication in hepatocytes is associated with the expression of hA-V.
Role of molecular photodissociation in ultrafast laser surgery (2015)

Transparent ocular tissues such as cornea and crystalline lens can be precisely ablated or dissected using ultrafast ultraviolet, visible, and infrared lasers. In refractive or cataract surgery, cutting of the cornea, lens, and lens capsule is typically produced by dielectric breakdown in the focus of a short-pulse laser which results in explosive vaporization of the interstitial water and mechanically ruptures the surrounding tissue. Here, we report that tissue can also be disrupted below the threshold of bubble appearance using 400 nm femtosecond pulses with minimal mechanical damage. Using gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, we assessed photodissociation of proteins and polypeptides by 400 nm femtosecond pulses both below and above the cavitation bubble threshold. Negligible protein dissociation was observed with 800 nm femtosecond lasers even above the threshold of dielectric breakdown. Scanning electron microscopy of the cut edges in porcine lens capsule demonstrated that plasma-mediated cutting results in the formation of grooves. Below the cavitation bubble threshold, precise cutting could still be produced with 400 nm femtosecond pulses, possibly due to molecular photodissociation of the tissue structural proteins.
Evidence for similar structural changes on binding of platinum anti‐tumor agents to DNA and nucleosomes (1984)

The influence of Pt(II) compounds on the 31P NMR spectra of natural DNA, synthetic polynucleotides, and nucleosomes was investigated. With Pt complexes which are anti-tumor agents, a new peak or shoulder centered at approximately 1.2 ppm downfield from the untreated DNA signal was observed. When Pt compounds known not to be anti-tumor agents were studied, no such new signal was observed. The most reasonable explanation for the downfield resonance is that it is a consequence of a structural change induced in the DNA by the anti-tumor agent. Since the effect of the Pt compounds on nucleosomes was similar, the same structural change is probably occurring in DNA in solution and in nucleosomes. A nonalternating dG . dC polymer, but not alternating G . C or any A . T polymers, exhibited a similar spectral change and this finding suggests that the structural change in the DNA arises primarily from reaction of Pt anti-tumor agents with adjacent G residues.
Vascular smooth muscle and neurohypophyseal hormones. (1977)

Experimental studies relating to the direct peripheral vascular actions of neurohypophyseal hormones and their synthetic variants are reviewed. In addition, the available data on the comparative pharmacologic actions of these peptides on mammalian vascular smooth muscle are reviewed. Experiments relating to mechanisms by which neurohypophyseal peptides induce contraction of blood vessels are discussed. Neurohypophyseal peptide hormones appear to be able to contract and relax vascular smooth muscle, the exact type of response being dependent on species, vascular bed, and region within a vascular bed. Receptors that subserve both contraction and relaxation may exist on different blood vessels within a species, with a preponderance of receptors that subserve contraction being present in most blood vessels. Concentrations of vasopressin that can be considered physiologic (i.e., 10(-13) to 10(-11) M) are capable of evoking responses on a variety of microscopic as well as large blood vessels. Arginine-vasopressin appears to be, relatively, the most potent contractile substance on rat blood vessels investigated to date; angiotensin is not. Preservative-free oxytocin is a contractile agent on all mammalian arterial and arteriolar vessels so far investigated. A great deal of the controversy surrounding the exact vascular actions elicited by these peptide hormones can be attributed to many factors that were not controlled in older experiments. Moreover, rat pressor assays cannot be utilized to determine structure-activity relationship for neurohypophyseal peptides on vascular smooth muscles. Nuerohypophyseal peptide-induced contractions of vascular smooth muscles can be markedly affected by sex, sex hormones, alcohols, [Ca2+]0, [mg2+]0, oxygen deficit, and glucose-deprivation. Extracellular sodium and potassium ions appear to play relatively little role in vasopressin-induced contractions of rat arterial smooth muscle. The terminal amino group, phenolic hydroxyl, aromatic ring and basicity in positions 1, 2, 3, and 8, respectively, of the neurohypophyseal hormones are important for optimizing hormone-receptor affinity and intrinsic contractile activity on vascular smooth muscle. Basicity in position 8 of these peptide hormones is not an absolute requirement for contractile activation of these smooth muscles. Alterations in molecular structure can result in neurohypophyseal peptides with unique, and selective, microcirculatory effects that may be beneficial in the treatment of low-flow states.
Increased expression of a gene coding for NAD:glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase during the transition from C3 photosynthesis to crassulacean acid metabolism in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. (1990)

We utilized differential plaque hybridization to identify three cDNA clones for transcripts which increase in abundance during the salinity-induced transition from C3 photosynthesis to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Although there are differences in the abundance of these transcripts in unstressed tissue, steady-state levels of all three increased within 30 h following irrigation with 0.5 M NaCl. One cDNA encodes the cytosolic form of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating) (NAD-GAPDH], an enzyme involved in the production of phosphoenolpyruvate for CO2 fixation at night and the conversion of pyruvate to storage carbohydrate during the day. Coding region and 3'-noncoding sequence probes were used to examine the expression of NAD-GAPDH transcripts in leaf and root tissue. We show that the gene encoding the NAD-GAPDH cDNA is expressed in both leaf and root tissue during C3 photosynthesis and CAM. NAD-GAPDH transcript levels increase rapidly in leaf (but not in root) tissue during the transition to CAM. Our data indicate that the predominant NAD-GAPDH transcript expressed during C3 photosynthesis and CAM is encoded by a single gene in M crystallinum. These results imply that the transition to CAM in some cases involves an upward readjustment in the level of a gene product expressed during C3 photosynthesis, rather than the expression of a CAM-specific isoform with unique regulatory or kinetic properties.