gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Zn insertion on diffusion bonded joint properties of steel and aluminum alloy (2014)

This research concerns a dissimilar metals joining of steel and aluminum (Al) alloy by means of zinc (Zn) insertion. The authors proposed a joining concept for achieving strong bonded joints between Zn coated steel and Al alloys. The ultimate aim of this research is to apply this joining concept in the resistance spot welding process for manufacturing vehicle bodies. This paper presents the results of fundamental investigations concerning the effect of Zn insertion on the properties of diffusion bonded joints.Bonded joints of a combination of galvanized (GI) steel and Al alloy were subjected to joint interface observations; joint strength tests were followed by fracture surface observations of the test specimens. The results confirmed that the Al-Zn eutectic reaction effectively removed the oxide film on the Al alloy surface at low temperature in air, enabling the formation of a uniform Al-Fe intermetallic compound (IMC) layer. The formation of this Al-Fe IMC layer facilitated metallurgical bonding that lead to strong joints.In addition, considering an actual application for car body production, bonded joints of not only a combination of GI steel and Al alloy but also of a combination of galvannealed (GA) steel, a steel grade widely distributed in Japan, and the Al alloy were prepared by diffusion bonding and rapid cooling. Detailed observations were performed, and the influence of different types of Zn coating on the bonding process has been discussed. During the bonding process of GI steel and Al alloy, the oxide film on Al alloy surface and the Zn coating on steel are then removed together with the Al-Zn eutectic liquid phase, as bonding pressure is applied, resulting in the formation of an Al-Fe (Zn) IMC layer. On the other hand, during the bonding process of GA steel and Al alloy, aluminum and the Fe-Zn alloy coating layer react to form an Al-Fe (Zn) IMC and a mixed layer consisting of Al (Zn) and a Zn liquid phase. Therefore it is more difficult to push them out around the periphery of the joint. As a result, a thick Al-Fe (Zn) IMC layer is more easily formed, and the bondability is lower in comparison with GI steel and the Al alloy.
Hermal cycling reliability of snagcu and snpb solder joints: a comparison for several ic-packages (2005)

This paper deals with a comparison study between SnPb and SnAgCu solder joint reliability. The comparison is based on non-linear finite element modellin. Three packages have been selected: silicon CSP, underfilled flip chip and QFN package. Also the effect of thermal cycling conditions has been investigated. Comparing the induced inelastic strains in the solder joint, the leadfree SnAgCu generally scores better thanks to the lower creep strain rate. On the other hand for the CSP and flip chip package, SnAgCu scores worse for the more extreme loading conditions when the inelastic dissipated energy density is selected as damage parameter. The main reason is that due to the lower creep strain rate, the stresses become higher for SnAgCu resulting in higher hysteresis loops with more dissipated energy per cycle. For the QFN package, SnAgCu scores much better.
VLC Systems with Fixed-Rate Transmissions under Statistical Queueing\n Constraints (2018)

Cross-layer analysis has been gaining an increasing attention as a powerful\ntool to study and assess different quality-of-service (QoS) mechanisms in\nwireless networks. Regarding the physical and data-link layers, in this paper\nwe provide a cross-layer study for visible light communication (VLC) systems\noperating under statistical QoS constraints, which are inflicted as limits on\nthe delay violation and buffer overflow probabilities. We assume that the VLC\naccess point (AP) is unaware of the channel conditions, thus the AP sends the\ndata at a fixed rate. Under this assumption, and considering an ON-OFF data\nsource, we employ the maximum average data arrival rate at the AP buffer and\nthe non-asymptotic bounds on buffering delay as the main performance measures.\nThrough numerical results, we illustrate the impacts of different physical and\ndata-link parameters on the system performance.\n
Fluorinating π‐Extended Molecular Acceptors Yields Highly Connected Crystal Structures and Low Reorganization Energies for Efficient Solar Cells (2020)

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of new semiconducting materials is essential for developing high‐efficiency organic solar cells. Here, the synthesis, physiochemical properties, thin film morphology, and photovoltaic response of ITN‐F4 and ITzN‐F4, the first indacenodithienothiophene nonfullerene acceptors that combine π‐extension and fluorination, are reported. The neat acceptors and bulk‐heterojunction blend films with fluorinated donor polymer poly{[4,8‐bis[5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4‐fluoro‐2‐thienyl]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐ b ′]‐dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl]‐ alt ‐[2,5‐thiophenediyl[5,7‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4,8‐dioxo‐4 H ,8 H ‐benzo[1,2‐ c :4,5‐ c ′]dithiophene‐1,3‐diyl]]} (PBDB‐TF, also known as PM6) are investigated using a battery of techniques, including single crystal X‐ray diffraction, fs transient absorption spectroscopy (fsTA), photovoltaic response, space‐charge‐limited current transport, impedance spectroscopy, grazing incidence wide angle X‐ray scattering, and density functional theory level computation. ITN‐F4 and ITzN‐F4 are found to provide power conversion efficiencies greater and internal reorganization energies less than their non‐π‐extended and nonfluorinated counterparts when paired with PBDB‐TF. Additionally, ITN‐F4 and ITzN‐F4 exhibit favorable bulk‐heterojunction relevant single crystal packing architectures. fsTA reveals that both ITN‐F4 and ITzN‐F4 undergo ultrafast hole transfer (&lt;300 fs) in films with PBDB‐TF, despite excimer state formation in both the neat and blend films. Taken together and in comparison to related structures, these results demonstrate that combined fluorination and π‐extension synergistically promote crystallographic π‐face‐to‐face packing, increase crystallinity, reduce internal reorganization energies, increase interplanar π–π electronic coupling, and increase power conversion efficiency.
Influence of ECR-RF plasma modification on surface and thermal properties of polyester copolymer (2015)

Abstract In this paper we report a study on influence of radio-frequency (RF) plasma induced with electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) on multiblock copolymer containing butylene terephthalate hard segments (PBT) and butylene dilinoleate (BDLA) soft segments. The changes in thermal properties were studied by DSC. The changes in wettability of PBT-BDLA surfaces were studied by water contact angle (WCA). We found that ECR-RF plasma surface treatment for 60 s led to decrease of WCA, while prolonged exposure of plasma led to increase of WCA after N 2 and N 2 O 2 treatment up to 70°–80°. The O 2 reduced the WCA to 50°–56°. IR measurements confirmed that the N 2 O 2 plasma led to formation of polar groups. SEM investigations showed that plasma treatment led to minor surfaces changes. Collectively, plasma treatment, especially O 2 , induced surface hydrophilicity what could be beneficial for increased cell adhesion in future biomedical applications of these materials.
Abstract 827: Anti-tumor efficacy of BA3011, a novel Conditionally Active Biologic (CAB) anti-AXL-ADC (2018)

Abstract AXL is a TAM family receptor tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many cancer types. The high level of expression on the cancer cell surface and increased expression in various settings such as PD-1 resistant tumors makes AXL a particularly attractive target for antibody therapeutics. However, AXL is expressed on many normal tissues and has been implicated in wide ranging requisite biological processes including response of endothelial cells to vascular injury, hematopoiesis, and regulation of immune responses. This normal tissue expression combined with the presence of soluble AXL may limit AXL as a target for antibody-drug-conjugates (ADC). The Conditionally Active Biologics (CAB) technology is a patented, proprietary platform that generates antibodies that reversibly bind to target antigen in the context of diseased tissues, but not normal tissues, by taking advantage of the unique cancer microenvironment that is produced largely as a result of the Warburg effect. Using our CAB technology, we have identified anti-AXL CAB Abs that reversibly bind to recombinant AXL and AXL expressing cells under conditions that are present in the tumor microenvironment, but not in normal tissues. BA3011 is a CAB-AXL-ADC. The pharmacological properties of BA3011 were characterized in a number of in vitro and in vivo pharmacology studies. BA3011 binds selectively to human and cyno AXL in conditions reflective of the tumor microenvironment, but has reduced binding under normal tissue conditions. BA3011 demonstrated the ability to induce cytotoxicity of human tumor cell lines expressing AXL in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in LCLC-103H (lung), DU145 (prostate), and MIAPaCa-2 (pancreatic) human tumor xenografts and in selected gemcitabine resistant pancreatic cancer patient derived xenograft models in vivo. In conclusion, our data is consistent with our work on CAB-EGFR-ADC, CAB-ROR2-ADC, CAB-PD-1, and other CAB programs, and suggests that ADCs generated using the CAB technology provide biologics with increased therapeutic index. Specifically, the CAB-AXL-ADC is an excellent candidate for evaluation as a treatment for human cancers that are AXL positive. Citation Format: Leslie L. Sharp, Cathy Chang, Gerhard Frey, Jing Wang, Haizhen Liu, Charles Xing, Safak Yalcin, Marlena Walls, Yong Ben, William J. Boyle, Jay M. Short. Anti-tumor efficacy of BA3011, a novel Conditionally Active Biologic (CAB) anti-AXL-ADC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 827.
Advancements in capturing and mining mass spectrometry data are transforming natural products research (2021)

Covering: 2016 up to 2021Mass spectrometry (MS) is an essential technology in natural products research with MS fragmentation (MS/MS) approaches becoming a key tool. Recent advancements in MS yield dense metabolomics datasets which have been, conventionally, used by individual labs for individual projects; however, a shift is brewing. The movement towards open MS data (and other structural characterization data) and accessible data mining tools is emerging in natural products research. Over the past 5 years, this movement has rapidly expanded and evolved with no slowdown in sight; the capabilities of today vastly exceed those of 5 years ago. Herein, we address the analysis of individual datasets, a situation we are calling the '2021 status quo', and the emergent framework to systematically capture sample information (metadata) and perform repository-scale analyses. We evaluate public data deposition, discuss the challenges of working in the repository scale, highlight the challenges of metadata capture and provide illustrative examples of the power of utilizing repository data and the tools that enable it. We conclude that the advancements in MS data collection must be met with advancements in how we utilize data; therefore, we argue that open data and data mining is the next evolution in obtaining the maximum potential in natural products research.
Two New Resveratrol (=5‐[(1E)‐2‐(4‐Hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene‐1,3‐diol) Tetramers with a Tetrahydrofuran Ring from Dipterocarpus grandiflorus (2004)

Abstract Two new stilbene tetramers, grandiphenols A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ), along with ten known stilbene oligomers and bergenin were isolated from the stem of Dipterocarpus grandiflorus. The structures of 1 and 2 composed of four resveratrol (=5‐[(1 E )‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene‐1,3‐diol) units had eight asymmetric C‐atoms in the partial structures of a tetrahydrofuran and two dihydrobenzofuran moieties. Detailed spectroscopic analyses, especially HMBC and NOESY experiments, allowed to differentiate the configurations of 1 and 2 .
112Gb/s optical transponder with PM-QPSK and coherent detection employing parallel FPGA-based real-time digital signal processing, FEC and 100GbE Ethernet interface (2010)

We demonstrate 112Gb/s transmission using PM-QPSK format and FPGA-based real-time digital signal processing. By employing framed processing architecture for polarization demultiplexing and carrier phase estimation, stable operation of error free after FEC and wide frequency offset have been achieved.
Ultra-high brightness wavelength-stabilized kW-class fiber coupled diode laser (2011)

TeraDiode has produced a fiber-coupled direct diode laser with a power level of 1,040 W from a 200 &mu;m core diameter, 0.18 numerical aperture (NA) output fiber at a single center wavelength. This was achieved with a novel beam combining and shaping technique using COTS diode lasers. The fiber-coupled output corresponds to a Beam Parameter Product (BPP) of 18 mm-mrad and is the lowest BPP kW-class direct diode laser yet reported. The laser has been used to demonstrate laser cutting and welding of steel sheet metal up to 6.65 mm thick. Further advances of these ultra-bright lasers are also projected.
A quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR assay for the assessment of drug activities against intracellular Theileria annulata schizonts (2014)

Intracellular schizonts of the apicomplexans Theileria annulata and Theileria parva immortalize bovine leucocytes thereby causing fatal immunoproliferative diseases. Buparvaquone, a hydroxynaphthoquinone related to parvaquone, is the only drug available against Theileria. The drug is only effective at the onset of infection and emerging resistance underlines the need for identifying alternative compounds. Current drug assays employ monitoring of proliferation of infected cells, with apoptosis of the infected host cell as a read-out, but it is often unclear whether active compounds directly impair the viability of the parasite or primarily induce host cell death. We here report on the development of a quantitative reverse transcriptase real time PCR method based on two Theileria genes, tasp and tap104, which are both expressed in schizonts. Upon in vitro treatment of T. annulata infected bovine monocytes with buparvaquone, TaSP and Tap104 mRNA expression levels significantly decreased in relation to host cell actin already within 4 h of drug exposure, while significant differences in host cell proliferation were detectable only after 48-72 h. TEM revealed marked alterations of the schizont ultrastructure already after 2 h of buparvaquone treatment, while the host cell remained unaffected. Expression of TaSP and Tap104 proteins showed a marked decrease only after 24 h. Therefore, the analysis of expression levels of mRNA coding for TaSP and Tap104 allows to directly measuring impairment of parasite viability. We subsequently applied this method using a series of compounds affecting different targets in other apicomplexan parasites, and show that monitoring of TaSP- and Tap104 mRNA levels constitutes a suitable tool for anti-theilerial drug development.
Rationally Designed, Conformationally Constrained Inverse Agonists of RORγt—Identification of a Potent, Selective Series with Biologic-Like in Vivo Efficacy (2019)

RORγt is an important nuclear receptor that regulates the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and IL-22. As a result, RORγt has been identified as a potential target for the treatment of various immunological disorders such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Structure and computer-assisted drug design led to the identification of a novel series of tricyclic RORγt inverse agonists with significantly improved in vitro activity in the reporter (Gal4) and human whole blood assays compared to our previous chemotype. Through careful structure activity relationship, several potent and selective RORγt inverse agonists have been identified. Pharmacokinetic studies allowed the identification of the lead molecule <b>32</b> with a low peak-to-trough ratio. This molecule showed excellent activity in an IL-2/IL-23-induced mouse pharmacodynamic study and demonstrated biologic-like efficacy in an IL-23-induced preclinical model of psoriasis.
Antitarget Selectivity and Tolerability of Novel Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine RET Inhibitors (2021)

The selective inhibition of RET kinase as a treatment for relevant cancer types including lung adenocarcinoma has garnered considerable interest in recent years and prompted a variety of efforts toward the discovery of small-molecule therapeutics. Hits uncovered via the analysis of archival kinase data ultimately led to the identification of a promising pyrrolo[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine scaffold. The optimization of this pyrrolo[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine core resulted in compound <b>1</b>, which demonstrated potent <i>in vitro</i> RET kinase inhibition and robust <i>in vivo</i> efficacy in RET-driven tumor xenografts upon multiday dosing in mice. The administration of <b>1</b> was well-tolerated at established efficacious doses (10 and 30 mg/kg, po, qd), and plasma exposure levels indicated a minimal risk of KDR or hERG inhibition <i>in vivo</i>, as evaluated by Miles assay and free plasma concentrations, respectively.
A Quick Reference Tool for Goal-Directed Perfusion in Cardiac Surgery (2019)

Traditionally, blood flow rates on cardiopulmonary bypass are based primarily on a formula that matches cardiac index to the patient's body surface area (BSA). However, Ranucci and associates in the Goal-Directed Perfusion Trial (GIFT) trial have shown that coupling the BSA with delivery of oxygen (DO<sub>2</sub>), known as goal-directed perfusion (GDP), may be a safer approach to determine appropriate blood flows. The objective of this study was to create a GDP reference tool that would allow perfusionists to quickly determine the lowest acceptable blood flow needed to provide a patient of any BSA with a satisfactory DO<sub>2</sub> without the need for additional dedicated technology. We approached this problem by deriving a formula for flow (L/min), based on BSA, oxygen content of the blood, and a minimum DO<sub>2</sub> of 280 mL·min<sup>-1</sup>m<sup>-2</sup>. A quick reference GDP chart was created based on the derived formula, requiring only the patient's BSA and hemoglobin level to determine a safe minimum flow rate. The proposed tool allows any cardiac surgery center to adopt the GDP technique, even in the absence of instantaneous DO<sub>2</sub> monitoring equipment.
The Bw-Tree: A B-Tree on Steroids (2013)

A Latch-free, Log-structured B-tree for Multi-core Machines with Large Main Memories and Flash Storage”
Maternal and fetal blood flow discrimination in the placenta using ultrafast Doppler (2012)

In the human placenta, maternal and fetal blood fows are in close contact, a discrimination of thoses flows could strongly help to achieve better diagnosis of placenta dysfunction. However, no current imaging modalities allow to tell these flows apart. Standard Doppler echocardiography lacks of sensibility to detect and evaluate the pulsatility of microvascularization. In this work we used an utrafast Doppler imaging to evaluate the variation of the Doppler frequency along a cardiac cycle in small vessels (100um). By studying its pulsatility we can separate maternal and fetal blood in 2D.
Increased energy-efficiency and capacity for mixed-line-rate WDM networks with hybrid Raman-EDFA amplification (2014)

The selective placement of additional Hybrid Raman-EDFA amplification provides an effective mechanism to improve the energy and spectral efficiency of mixed-line-rate WDM networks. The energy efficiency per GHz is increased up to 50% and the network capacity is doubled.
A dam for retrograde axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis? (2014)

These data suggest that retrograde (trans-synaptic) axonal degeneration stops at the inner nuclear layer, a neuronal network capable of plasticity. In contrast, there seems to be no neuroplasticity of the primary visual cortex, rendering the structure vulnerable to anterograde (trans-synaptic) degeneration.
EV-D68 virus-like particle vaccines elicit cross-clade neutralizing antibodies that inhibit infection and block dissemination (2023)

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) causes severe respiratory illness in children and can result in a debilitating paralytic disease known as acute flaccid myelitis. No treatment or vaccine for EV-D68 infection is available. Here, we demonstrate that virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines elicit a protective neutralizing antibody against homologous and heterologous EV-D68 subclades. VLP based on a B1 subclade 2014 outbreak strain elicited comparable B1 EV-D68 neutralizing activity as an inactivated viral particle vaccine in mice. Both immunogens elicited weaker cross-neutralization against heterologous viruses. A B3 VLP vaccine elicited more robust neutralization of B3 subclade viruses with improved cross-neutralization. A balanced CD4<sup>+</sup> T helper response was achieved using a carbomer-based adjuvant, Adjuplex. Nonhuman primates immunized with this B3 VLP Adjuplex formulation generated robust neutralizing antibodies against homologous and heterologous subclade viruses. Our results suggest that both vaccine strain and adjuvant selection are critical elements for improving the breadth of protective immunity against EV-D68.
Parameter estimation of cyclostationary AM time series with application to missing observations (1994)

Time series with systematic misses occur often in practice and can be modeled as amplitude modulated ARMA processes. With this as a motivating application, modeling of cyclostationary amplitude modulated time series is addressed in the paper. Assuming that the modulating sequence is (almost) periodic, parameter estimation algorithms are developed based on second- and higher order cumulants of the resulting cyclostationary observations, which may be corrupted by any additive stationary noise of unknown covariance. If unknown, the modulating sequence can be recovered even in the presence of additive (perhaps nonstationary and colored) Gaussian, or any symmetrically distributed, noise. If the ARMA process is nonGaussian, cyclic cumulants of order greater than three can identify (non)causal and (non)minimum phase models from partial noisy data. Simulation experiments corroborate the theoretical results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Deformation Behavior of Single Prismatic Battery Cell Cases and Cell Assemblies Loaded by Internal Pressure (2021)

Abstract The safety of electrochemical energy storage system depends on the structural integrity of the call containment. Nominal values of cell case dimensions and material properties are the standard inputs for the mechanical analysis of prismatic lithium-ion batteries. However, such data usually do not account for any considerations on the influence of the manufacturing processes of the cell case. This study investigates the effects of the cell wall thickness and elastic modulus, resulting from deep-drawing process, on the cell and cell assembly response. It is found that the deep-drawing process degrades Young’s modulus relative to standard values and leads to a spatial variation in the wall thickness of the cell case. The use of actual cell case material properties and cell wall thickness values is required to obtain validated finite element models of the battery cell case. Using experiments on internal pressure loaded single battery cells and finite element computations, it is demonstrated that the use of nominal cell casing characteristics significantly underestimates the resistance provided by the cell case to counter swelling of the active battery components.