gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Deficits of 22 q11.2 Deletion Syndrome with a Patient-iPSC-Derived Blood–Brain Barrier Model (2021)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is important in the normal functioning of the central nervous system. An altered BBB has been described in various neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of such alterations remain unclear. Here, we investigate if BBB integrity is compromised in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (also called DiGeorge syndrome), which is one of the validated genetic risk factors for schizophrenia. We utilized a set of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) derived from the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines of patients with 22q11.2-deletion-syndrome-associated schizophrenia. We found that the solute permeability of the BBB formed from patient HBMECs increases by ~1.3-1.4-fold, while the trans-endothelial electrical resistance decreases to ~62% of the control values. Correspondingly, tight junction proteins and the endothelial glycocalyx that determine the integrity of the BBB are significantly disrupted. A transcriptome study also suggests that the transcriptional network related to the cell-cell junctions in the compromised BBB is substantially altered. An enrichment analysis further suggests that the genes within the altered gene expression network also contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders. Our findings suggest that neurovascular coupling can be targeted in developing novel therapeutical strategies for the treatment of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
Paracrine regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis by serotonin in Cushing’s syndrome and 21-hydroxylase deficiency (2018)

International audience
New charge-coupled devices and circuits for analog VLSI focal-plane image processing (2003)

A novel approach to designing low-power, compact, charge-coupled device (CCD), analog, VLSI (very-large-scale integrated) circuits for signal processing is described. A charge-domain wire transfer circuit allows the coupling of CCD circuits through a metallic wire. The approach trades charge transfer efficiency of design simplicity. The impact of wire transfer on CCD circuit design is addressed. Charge-coupled computing circuit building blocks are discussed. Circuits utilizing wire transfer are described and include a general-purpose charge-coupled computer, an A/D (analog-to-digital) converter, a D/A (digital-to-analog) converter, and a focal-plane image processor chip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
<title>DC Kerr coefficient of silica: theory and experiment</title> (1998)

We report the first measurement of the frequency and polarization dependence of the low-frequency third-order nonlinear susceptibility (chi) (3)(-(omega) ;(omega) ,0,0) of silica. In the frequency range tested (0.5 - 19 MHz), we observed sharp resonances with a complex dependence on polarization. Observations are quantitatively well explained by a theoretical model that assumes the presence of two contributions to (chi) (3), namely the Kerr effect and electrostriction. The model shows that our measurements are consistent with (1) a DC Kerr constant of 1.9 X 10-22 m2/V2 with a 3:1 polarization dependence, comparable to the Kerr constant at optical frequencies, and (2) an electrostriction modulation that is greatly enhanced by mechanical resonances of the sample and exhibits a polarization dependence of 2.3:1, in agreement with an elasto-optic model. This work suggests new means of producing a low-voltage, high-frequency phase modulator by operating at a fundamental resonance of the structure. It also lends credence to the general belief that DC rectification does not fully account for the large second- order nonlinearity that occurs in poled silica.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Fractionated dose radiolabeled anti−prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioimmunotherapy (177Lu−J591) for progressive metastatic castration−resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (2016)

205 Background: Phase I and II single dose 177 Lu−J591 studies have been published. Based on the theoretical advantages of dose fractionation on safety and efficacy, we initiated a phase I dose−escalation study of fractionated−dose 177 Lu−J591. Methods: Men with progressive mCRPC with normal neutrophil and platelet counts were enrolled. The initial portion was 3+3 dose−escalation, with 6 cohorts of 3−6 patients receiving 2 doses 177 Lu−J591, 2 weeks apart starting with 20 mCi/m 2 , escalating to 45 mCi/m 2 . After determining maximum tolerated dose (MTD), patients enrolled in 2 expansion cohorts at recommended phase II doses (RP2D). Planar imaging of 177 Lu−J591 at 6−8 days following the initial dose was performed. Pre− and post−treatment PSA was measured for all patients and the highest dose−level cohorts had CTC counts (CellSearch) measured before and after treatment. Results: 48 patients enrolled with median age 74 (55−95) ), median baseline PSA 45.38 (1.93−766.5), 37.5% with prior chemo. The RP2D’s of fractionated 177 Lu−J591 were 40 mCi/m 2 or 45 mCi/m 2 x2 with option for GCSF. Overall PSA decline ≥ 50% in 9 (18.8%), ≥ 30% in 14 (29.2%) and any PSA decline in 26 (54.2%); at RP2D doses (n = 32), 8 (25%) with ≥ 50%, 12 (37.5%) with ≥ 30%, and 20 (62.5%) with any PSA decline. Of 25 with available CTC counts, 14 declined, 8 remained stably favorable, and 3 increased. Of 12 with unfavorable baseline CTC counts, 8 (66.7%) became favorable at follow up, 2 decreased by 30% and 88% but remained ≥ 5, and 2 increased; 1 converted from &lt; 5 to ≥ 5. Thirty-five (72.9%) had grade 3/4 hematological toxicities; 19 (59.4%) with Gr 4 heme toxicity in RP2D cohorts, with 15 (16.9%) receiving at least 1 platelet transfusion, 6 receiving GCSF, and 0 with febrile neutropenia. Overall 4 had Gr 1 transaminitis and 14 (29.2%) had grade 1 infusion reactions (without pre−medication). Accurate targeting of 177 Lu−J591 at known sites of disease seen in 84.4%. Conclusions: Fractionated 177 Lu−J591 is well tolerated with predictable, reversible myelosuppression, achieving a higher cumulative dose than possible with a single dose. Both PSA and CTC count control was achieved. Clinical trial information: NCT00538668.
Fast Validation of Mixed-Signal SoCs (2021)

Today’s mixed-signal SoCs are challenging to validate. Running enough test vectors often requires the use of event-driven simulation and hardware emulation, which in turn necessitates the creation of analog behavioral models. This paper reviews different approaches proposed to address that modeling challenge, and shows how they can be divided by the methods used to solve for analog circuit values, represent analog waveforms, and validate analog functional models. We illustrate the power of these techniques as applied to a 16 Gb/s PHY, demonstrating a 10,000× speedup vs. SPICE simulation using event-driven models in Verilog simulation, and a further 5,000× speedup using synthesizable analog models in FPGA emulation.
Correlation of Systemic Superoxide Dismutase Deficiency to Airflow Obstruction in Asthma (2005)

These findings are consistent with greater oxidant stress in asthma leading to greater inactivation of SOD, which likely amplifies inflammation and progressive airflow obstruction.
Housefly Maggot Meal (Magmeal) as a Protein Source for Oreochromis niloticus (Linn.) (2008)

A 56 day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of housefly maggot meal (magmeal) as a protein source for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Seven isoenergetic diets formulated to contain 36% protein and 20 kJ g -1 gross energy (dry matter basis), were prepared by replacing fish meal with magmeal. Fifteen fingerlings (average initial weight 2.00.1g) stocked in each experimental tank were fed in triplicates at 5% of their body weight in two portions per day (a level previously established). Growth and food conversion ratio were adequate and comparable without any significant differences (P<0.5) between feeding groups. Result of nutrient composition analysis showed that magmeal contains a good profile of amino acid compared to fish meal, but has a high content of crude fat (19.8%) which influenced the fat content and fatty acid composition of diets and fish. Feeding Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings with feeds containing magmeal can give growth, equivalent to that obtained with fishmeal as the main protein source. However, it is recommended that adequate sources of n -6 and n -3 fatty acids are included in diets of magmeal to enhance the optimal fatty acid profile necessary for metabolic functions.
Interference mitigation using a focal plane array (2005)

We consider the use of spatial filtering algorithms for radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation in conjunction with a focal plane feed array of electrically small elements. Numerical simulations are used to study the performance of 7 and 19 element hexagonal dipole arrays with a 25 m reflector at an operating frequency of 1612 MHz. Using the maximum SNR algorithm to generate array weights, an interfering signal was attenuated by 40 dB or more. The effective sensitivity of the system, including interferer power in the system noise temperature, was comparable to the sensitivity attained in the absence of RFI. Moving the interferer through the reflector pattern sidelobes caused fluctuations in the gain and system sensitivity. This effect was exacerbated by a reflector model with random surface distortions. These results indicate that array feeds are a promising approach for RFI mitigation, but achieving stable radiation patterns in the presence of an interferer may require a trade‐off between pattern control and maximum attainable sensitivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Analogues of Oxytocin with an Oxime Bridge Using Chemoselectively Addressable Building Blocks. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Robustness and Generalization via Generative Adversarial Training (2021)

While deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success in various computer vision tasks, they often fail to generalize to new domains and subtle variations of input images. Several defenses have been proposed to improve the robustness against these variations. However, current defenses can only withstand the specific attack used in training, and the models often remain vulnerable to other input variations. Moreover, these methods often degrade performance of the model on clean images and do not generalize to out-of-domain samples. In this paper we present Generative Adversarial Training, an approach to simultaneously improve the model’s generalization to the test set and out-of-domain samples as well as its robustness to unseen adversarial attacks. Instead of altering a low-level pre-defined aspect of images, we generate a spectrum of low-level, mid-level and high-level changes using generative models with a disentangled latent space. Adversarial training with these examples enable the model to withstand a wide range of attacks by observing a variety of input alterations during training. We show that our approach not only improves performance of the model on clean images and out-of-domain samples but also makes it robust against unforeseen attacks and outperforms prior work. We validate effectiveness of our method by demonstrating results on various tasks such as classification, segmentation and object detection.
Clinical and Genomic Differences Between Advanced Molecular Imaging-detected and Conventional Imaging-detected Metachronous Oligometastatic Castration-sensitive Prostate Cancer (2023)

In metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC), disease volume plays an integral role in guiding treatment recommendations, including selection of docetaxel therapy, metastasis-directed therapy, and radiation to the prostate. Although there are multiple definitions of disease volume, they have commonly been studied in the context of metastases detected via conventional imaging (CIM). One such numeric definition of disease volume, termed oligometastasis, is heavily dependent on the sensitivity of the imaging modality. We performed an international multi-institutional retrospective review of men with metachronous oligometastatic CSPC (omCSPC), detected via either advanced molecular imaging alone (AMIM) or CIM. Patients were compared with respect to clinical and genomic features using the Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson's χ<sup>2</sup> test, and Kaplan-Meier overall survival (OS) analyses with a log-rank test. A total of 295 patients were included for analysis. Patients with CIM-omCSPC had significantly higher Gleason grade group (p = 0.032), higher prostate-specific antigen at omCSPC diagnosis (8.0 vs 1.7 ng/ml; p < 0.001), more frequent pathogenic TP53 mutations (28% vs 17%; p = 0.030), and worse 10-yr OS (85% vs 100%; p < 0.001). This is the first report of clinical and biological differences between AMIM-detected and CIM-detected omCSPC. Our findings are particularly important for ongoing and planned clinical trials in omCSPC. PATIENT SUMMARY: Metastatic prostate cancer with just a few metastases only detected via newer scanning methods (called molecular imaging) is associated with fewer high-risk DNA mutations and better survival in comparison to metastatic cancer detected via conventional scan methods.
<title>Zernike expansions for non-Kolmogorov turbulence</title> (1996)

We investigate the expression of non-Kolmogorov turbulence in terms of Zernike polynomials. Increasing the power-law exponent of the three-dimensional phase power spectrum from 2 to 4 results in a higher proportion of wavefront energy being contained in the tilt components. Closed-form expressions are given for the variances of the Zernike coefficients in this range. For exponents greater than 4, a von Karman spectrum is used to numerically compute the variances as a function of exponent for different outer-scale lengths. We find in this range that the Zernike-coefficient variances depend more strongly on outer scale than on exponent, and that longer outer-scale lengths lead to more energy in the tilt terms. The scaling of Zernike- coefficient variances with pupil diameter is an explicit function of the exponent.
Inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor colony growth by a monoclonal antibody against the transferrin receptor: Comparison of unconjugated antibody with an immunotoxin containing recombinant ricin a chain (1990)

We studied an immunotoxin consisting of recombinant ricin A chain (rRA) conjugated to 454A12 MoAb, a monoclonal antibody which recognizes an epitope on the human transferrin receptor, and compared the ability of 454A12 MoAb-rRA immunotoxin to inhibit the growth of erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-e) and myeloid colony-forming units (CFU-c) with unconjugated 454A12 MoAb. A significant reduction in BFU-e colony growth was observed at 0.001 microgram/ml of 454A12 MoAb-rRA versus 0.1 microgram/ml of unconjugated 454A12 MoAb (p = 0.005). Comparison of the effects of 454A12 MoAb-rRA and 454A12 MoAb on myeloid colony development gave markedly different results. Unconjugated antibody had no effect on CFU-c colony growth; in contrast, 0.01 microgram/ml of 454A12 MoAb-rRA reduced the number of colonies from 139 per 1 X 10(5) to 75 per 1 X 10(5) cells plated (p = 0.0005). No myeloid progenitor colonies developed at 0.1 microgram/ml of immunotoxin. These observations suggest that 454A12 MoAb-rRA inhibits growth by a potent, ricin A chain-mediated toxic effect on any proliferating cells expressing transferrin receptors, whereas the 454A12 MoAb exerts a selective inhibitory effect primarily on erythroid progenitors by perturbing the transferrin cycle. While growth factor receptors expressed on hematopoietic cells represent promising targets for immunotoxin therapy, our data indicate that an immunotoxin could inhibit cellular proliferation by a different mechanism than the corresponding unconjugated MoAb. Depending on the antibody used, these differences may be important in trials using immunotoxins for in vivo treatment or in vitro purging of malignant hematopoietic cells.
A Multiplex Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection and Differentiation ofBluetongue VirusandEpizootic Hemorrhagic Disease VirusSerogroups (2009)

Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes disease in domestic and wild ruminants and results in significant economic loss. The closely related Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) has been associated with bluetongue-like disease in cattle. Although U.S. EHDV strains have not been experimentally proven to cause disease in cattle, there is serologic evidence of infection in cattle. Therefore, rapid diagnosis and differentiation of BTV and EHDV is required. The genetic sequence information and bioinformatic analysis necessary to design a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the early detection of indigenous and exotic BTV and EHDV is described. This sequence data foundation focused on 2 conserved target genes: one that is highly expressed in infected mammalian cells, and the other is highly expressed in infected insect cells. The analysis of all BTV and EHDV prototype strains indicated that a complex primer design was necessary for both a virus group-comprehensive and virus group-specific gene amplification diagnostic test. This information has been used as the basis for the development of a rapid multiplex BTV-EHDV real-time RT-PCR that detects all known serotypes of both viruses and distinguishes between BTV and EHDV serogroups. The sensitivity of this rapid, single-tube, real-time RT-PCR assay is sufficient for diagnostic application, without the contamination problems associated with standard gel-based RT-PCR, especially nested RT-PCR tests.
3D Visual Perception for Self-Driving Cars using a Multi-Camera System: Calibration, Mapping, Localization, and Obstacle Detection (2017)

Cameras are a crucial exteroceptive sensor for self-driving cars as they are low-cost and small, provide appearance information about the environment, and work in various weather conditions. They can be used for multiple purposes such as visual navigation and obstacle detection. We can use a surround multi-camera system to cover the full 360-degree field-of-view around the car. In this way, we avoid blind spots which can otherwise lead to accidents. To minimize the number of cameras needed for surround perception, we utilize fisheye cameras. Consequently, standard vision pipelines for 3D mapping, visual localization, obstacle detection, etc. need to be adapted to take full advantage of the availability of multiple cameras rather than treat each camera individually. In addition, processing of fisheye images has to be supported. In this paper, we describe the camera calibration and subsequent processing pipeline for multi-fisheye-camera systems developed as part of the V-Charge project. This project seeks to enable automated valet parking for self-driving cars. Our pipeline is able to precisely calibrate multi-camera systems, build sparse 3D maps for visual navigation, visually localize the car with respect to these maps, generate accurate dense maps, as well as detect obstacles based on real-time depth map extraction.
Nanotube–Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells (2008)

Nanotube–Si heterojunction solar cells are fabricated by coating a thin film of double-walled carbon nanotubes on n-type silicon wafers. These solar cells show power-conversion efficiencies in the range of 5–7%. The nanotubes perform multiple functions in the cells, including charge separation, charge transport, and charge collection. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Pi-Calculus: A Unifying Framework for Programming Paradigms (1993)

π-calculus is a calculus for modeling dynamically changing configurations of a network of communicating agents. This paper studies the suitability of π-calculus as a unifying framework to model the operational semantics of the three paradigms of programming: functional, logic and imperative paradigms. In doing so, the attempt is to demonstrate that π-calculus models a primitive that is pervasive in the three paradigms and to illustrate that the three forms of sequential computing are special instances of concurrent computing.
Technology Development for 3-D Wide Swath Imaging Supporting ACE (2014)

The National Academy of Sciences Decadal Survey (DS) Aerosol-Cloud-Ecosystems Mission (ACE) aims to advance our ability to observe and predict changes to the Earth's hydrological cycle and energy balance in response to climate forcing, especially those changes associated with the effects of aerosol on clouds and precipitation. ACE is focused on obtaining measurements to reduce the uncertainties in current climate models arising from the lack in understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions. As part of the mission instrument suite, a dual-frequency radar comprised of a fixed-beam 94 gigahertz (W-band) radar and a wide-swath 35 gigahertz (Ka-band) imaging radar has been recommended by the ACE Science Working Group.In our 2010 Instrument Incubator Program project, we've developed a radar architecture that addresses the challenge associated with achieving the measurement objectives through an innovative, shared aperture antenna that allows dual-frequency radar operation while achieving wide-swath (100 kilometers) imaging at Ka-band. The antenna system incorporates 2 key technologies; a) a novel dual-band reflectorreflectarray and b) a Ka-band Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) feed module. The dual-band antenna is comprised of a primary cylindrical reflectorreflectarray surface illuminated by a point-focus W-band feed (compatible with a quasi-optical beam waveguide feed, such as that employed on CloudSat); the Ka-band AESA line feed provides wide-swath across-track scanning. The benefits of this shared-aperture approach include significant reductions in ACE satellite payload size, weight, and cost, as compared to a two aperture approach. Four objectives were addressed in our project. The first entailed developing the tools for the analysis and design of reflectarray antennas, assessment of candidate reflectarray elements, and validation using test coupons. The second objective was to develop a full-scale aperture design utilizing the reflectarray surface and to detail specific requirements and trades for the Ka-band AESA line feed. As part of the third objective a subscale antenna, similar to the full-scale aperture design, was developed, integrated, and flown with the Cloud Radar System during the 2014 Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment. The fourth and ongoing objective entails developing a GaN MMIC (Gallium Nitride Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits) power amplifier for use in the Ka-band AESA. An overview of the progress made on this project and a look ahead at the 2013 IIP (Instrument Incubator Program) award selection will be presented.
Differences in patterns ofTP53 andKRAS2 mutations in a large series of endometrial carcinomas with or without microsatellite instability (1999)

Although the overall frequency of mutations in TP53 and KRAS2 is similar, MSI positive tumors are less likely to have mutations in both genes than MSI negative sporadic endometrial carcinomas. MSI positive and MSI negative endometrial carcinomas may arise through distinct genetic pathways.