gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zinc‐containing yeast extract promotes nonrapid eye movement sleep in mice (2015)

Zinc is an essential trace element for humans and animals, being located, among other places, in the synaptic vesicles of cortical glutamatergic neurons and hippocampal mossy fibers in the brain. Extracellular zinc has the potential to interact with and modulate many different synaptic targets, including glutamate and GABA receptors. Because of the central role of these neurotransmitters in brain activity, we examined in this study the sleep-promoting activity of zinc by monitoring locomotor activity and electroencephalogram after its administration to mice. Zinc-containing yeast extract (40 and 80 mg/kg) dose dependently increased the total amount of nonrapid eye movement sleep and decreased the locomotor activity. However, this preparation did not change the amount of rapid eye movement sleep or show any adverse effects such as rebound of insomnia during a period of 24 h following the induction of sleep; whereas the extracts containing other divalent cations (manganese, iron, and copper) did not decrease the locomotor activity. This is the first evidence that zinc can induce sleep. Our data open the way to new types of food supplements designed to improve sleep.
O-Band Silicon Photonic Transmitters for Datacom and Computercom Interconnects (2019)

Today, the datacenter ecosystems are fueling the demand for novel transmitter (TX) technologies complying with the off-board, on-board, and chip-to-chip computing needs. This has set a new class of requirements for the TX infrastructure that should now offer multiple credentials, namely: high-speed, O-band operation for avoiding dispersion compensation in long distances, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) capabilities for higher throughput and multicasting/broadcasting support, and tight co-packaging with low-power electronics. Silicon (Si) photonic TXs have been extensively studied toward high-speed and WDM TX engines targeting mainly C-band. Only a limited number of Si-Pho O-band TXs have been reported, however with ≤32 Gb/s/channel line-rate capabilities and with a WDM portfolio that has not been fully explored yet. In this paper, we introduce a novel silicon photonic high-speed O-band TX hardware platform that can meet the current datacom and computercom interconnect requirements. We demonstrate a ring modulator (RM) based four-channel WDM TX at 4 × 40 Gb/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) operation that supports wavelength parallelism in unicast operation but can also pave the way toward WDM TX engines for the post-100 GbE TX era. Moreover, we present a broadband Si Mach-Zehnder modulator employed in a WDM modulation scheme of 2 × 25 Gb/s NRZ signals and demonstrate multicasting when combined with a 8 × 8 passive arrayed waveguide grating router (AWGR) wavelength router, addressing the broadcasting needs of traffic usually encountered in cache-coherent multisocket settings. Finally, we further demonstrate the tight synergy of O-band Si-RM modulators with high-speed CMOS electronics, presenting an RM-based TX assembly prototype employing a fully depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS driver, delivering 50-Gb/s NRZ operation.
Frequency Allocation in Two-Hop Cellular Relaying Networks (2007)

Frequency allocation is a critical issue for cellular relaying networks. In this paper we present spectrum-efficient frequency allocation policies that are applicable for fixed two-hop cellular relaying networks. The frequency allocation problem is decomposed into two sub-problems: inter-cell and intra-cell frequency allocation. The goal is to make more users to be served with satisfactory service quality. Through numerical analysis, the basic inter-cell frequency allocation scheme is proposed, including frequency reuse pattern and reuse factors for each type of links. Then we propose a method to realize safe intra-cell frequency reuse, in the sense that higher spectrum efficiency is achieved through this tighter frequency reuse while the signal- to-interference (SIR) quality for the links of concern is still guaranteed. Simulations show that our schemes are beneficial to obtain more satisfied users and low outage ratio, when compared to the cases without intra-cell frequency reuse scheme and the cases with fixed intra-cell frequency reuse scheme.
<i>Stents</i> recubiertos o farmacoactivos en aneurismas, resultados del Registro Internacional de Aneurismas Coronarios (CAAR) (2022)

RESUMEN Introducci&#x00F3;n y objetivos: Los aneurismas coronarios son una situaci&#x00F3;n compleja. Planteamos como objetivo principal describir la frecuencia de utilizaci&#x00F3;n de stents recubiertos (grafts) para su tratamiento y caracterizar sus resultados a largo plazo en comparaci&#x00F3;n con stents farmacoactivos. M&#x00E9;todos: Estudio observacional ambispectivo, con informaci&#x00F3;n procedente del Registro Internacional de Aneurismas Coronarios (CAAR) (NCT-02563626). Se seleccionaron los pacientes que recibieron un stent-graft o un stent farmacoactivo en la zona del aneurisma. Resultados: Un total de 17 pacientes recibieron al menos un stent-graft y 196 un stent farmacoactivo en la zona aneurism&#x00E1;tica. Se observa un predominio del sexo masculino y una mayor frecuencia de dislipemia, antecedentes de coronariopat&#x00ED;a, enfermedad coronaria revascularizada previamente y aneurismas gigantes en la cohorte de stent-graft. Como variables independientes predictoras del desarrollo del evento combinado (muerte por cualquier causa, insuficiencia cardiaca, angina inestable, reinfarto, ictus, embolia sist&#x00E9;mica, sangrado o cualquier complicaci&#x00F3;n en el aneurisma), tras una mediana de seguimiento de 38 meses, destacaron la existencia de conectivopat&#x00ED;as (hazard ratio [HR] = 5,94; intervalo de confianza del 95&#x0025; [IC95&#x0025;], 1,82-19,37), la disfunci&#x00F3;n del ventr&#x00ED;culo izquierdo &#x2264; 55&#x0025; (HR = 1,84; IC95&#x0025;, 1,09-3,1) y la indicaci&#x00F3;n aguda del cateterismo &#x00ED;ndice (HR = 2,98; IC95&#x0025;, 1,39-6,3). El uso de stent-grafts comparado con el de stents farmacoactivos no se asoci&#x00F3; al desarrollo de m&#x00E1;s eventos combinados (23,5 frente a 29,6&#x0025;; p = 0,598). Conclusiones: El uso de stents recubiertos en aneurismas coronarios es factible y seguro a largo plazo. Se necesitan estudios cl&#x00ED;nicos aleatorizados para decidir el mejor tratamiento de este tipo de lesiones complejas.
Grounding Graph Theory in Embodied Concreteness with Virtual Reality (2023)

Abstract mathematics can be difficult to grasp, in part because it relies on symbols and formalisms that are powerful yet meaningless to novices unless grounded in concreteness. Although a wide corpus of research focuses on concreteness in mathematics education, the notion of concreteness can be apprehended in various ways and it is not yet clear which specific aspects of concreteness help the learners. In this paper, we explore embodiment as a form of concreteness to ground abstract mathematics. First, we designed and evaluated an embodied learning activity on graph theory. Through a user study with 89 participants, we then compared three approaches: abstraction, manipulated concreteness, and embodied concreteness. Our results show that, compared to abstraction, both forms of concreteness increase learners’ perceived attention, confidence, and satisfaction. However, only embodied concreteness increases perceived relevance and grounding. Moreover, unlike manipulated concreteness, embodied concreteness does not impair learning outcomes nor transfer abilities.
Development of Superconducting Tunnel Junction Far-Infrared Photon Detector for Cosmic Background Neutrino Decay Search - COBAND experiment (2019)

We present the status of development of the Superconducting Tunnel Junction (STJ) detector for the COsmic BAckground Neutrino Decay search (COBAND) experiment. The signal of the cosmic background neutrino decay is identified as a sharp cutoff at high energy end in a far-infrared region ranging from 15meV to 30meV in the energy spectrum of the photons from the space. The COBAND experiment will be done as rocket and satellite experiments in order to detect the far-infrared photons from the space. For the photon detector of the COBAND experiment, we are developing the STJ detectors. We will use a combination of the diffraction grating and the array of Nb/Al-STJ pixels with cryogenic amplifier for the rocket experiment, and use Hf-STJ without a grating for the future satellite experiment. The present status of the detector R&D and the experimental design for the COBAND experiment is reported.
Molecular and Genetic Studies of an R Factor System Consisting of Independent Transfer and Drug Resistance Plasmids (1973)

Certain genetic, structural, and biochemical properties of a class 2 R-factor system consisting of the conjugally proficient transfer plasmid I and the naturally occurring non-conjugative tetracycline (Tc) resistance plasmid 219 are reported. I and 219 exist as separate plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) species in both Escherichia coli and Salmonella panama, having molecular weights of 42 x 10(6) and 5.8 x 10(6), respectively. The buoyant densities of I and 219 are 1.702 and 1.710 g/cm(3), respectively, in neutral cesium chloride. Although the Tc resistance plasmid is not transmissible in a normal conjugal mating, it is mobilized in a three-component mating by plasmid I and by certain other conjugative plasmids of the fi(+) or fi(-) phenotype. Mobilization does not appear to involve intermolecular recombination between plasmids, and no covalent linkage of resistance markers and fertility functions is observed. Transformation of CaCl(2)-treated E. coli by plasmid DNA is shown to be a useful procedure for studying the biological properties of different plasmid molecular species that have been fractionated in vitro, and for selectively inserting non-self-transmissible plasmids into specific bacterial strains. The effects of tetracycline on the rate of protein synthesis carried out by plasmid 219 were studied by using isolated E. coli minicells into which this plasmid had segregated. Consistent with the results of earlier investigations showing the inducibility of plasmid-mediated Tc resistance in E. coli, the antibiotic was observed to stimulate protein synthesis in minicells carrying the plasmid 219 and totally inhibit (3)H-leucine incorporation by minicells lacking the Tc resistance marker. Five discrete polypeptide species were synthesized by minicells carrying plasmid 219; exposure of minicells or parent bacteria to Tc resulted in specific and reproducible changes in polypeptide synthesis patterns.
Designing an Affordable Usability Test for E‐Learning Modules (2009)

ABSTRACT: This article provides background and an introduction to a user‐centered design and usability test in an inexpensive format that allows content experts who are novices in e‐learning development to perform testing on newly developed technical training modules prior to their release. The use of a small number of test participants, avoidance of elaborate testing laboratories, and the establishment of clear, concise objectives with a detailed test outline are supported by the discount usability testing approach. This approach reduces testing cost, provides faster results, and yields a more successful product and increased customer satisfaction. Discount usability testing should have broad appeal to new e‐learning developers as a final step before releasing their newly developed training modules.
Studies of the temperature-dependent phase behavior of long chain n-alkyl thiol monolayers on gold (1990)

The influences of temperature on the infrared spectra of a docosylthiol (C22) monolayer on a gold substrate are reported. The data suggest that this adsorbate exhibits a complex phase state at 300 K in which gauche conformations concentrated at the chain termina figure prominently. The detailed temperature dependence of the spectral band intensities is found to be very similar in many regards to that of bulk hydrocarbon crystals. At low temperature, band splittings are observed which suggest the lowest energy structure for this adsorbate is one containing two chains per unit cell. A simple lattice argument, consistent with steric models and low-energy electron diffraction data, is presented to explain these observations.
Comparison of count rate sensitivity performance for a LSO-TOF system with a Cherenkov radiation based PbF<inf>2</inf>-TOF system (2012)

The use of Cherenkov light production and timing for TOF PET has been suggested, and there are papers indicating the possibility to improve timing in this way. The present paper, however, focuses only on count rate sensitivity issues by comparing a LSO-LSO system against a potential PbF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> system. This has been accomplished by using a simple two detector set up first looking at LSO-LSO coincidences and then exchanging the LSO crystal on one of the channels with PbF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and then extracting the coincidence sensitivity for a pure PbF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> system. A simple comparison between the resulting LSO-LSO coincidence count rate and the PbF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -PbF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> coincidence count rate shows more than a 10 to 1 difference. In addition we have evaluated the time resolution achievable with two different photo sensor combinations, PMT-PMT and PMT-SiPM. Even if a time resolution of 50 ps may be possible to achieve in a PbF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> system, this requires very special photo sensors. Our results with standard photo sensors indicate time resolutions of the order of ~250 ps. If a 50 ps time resolution can be achieved, this may be equivalent to a 500 ps LSO system with 10 times higher sensitivity. One must consider, however, the minimum number of counts needed in a 50 ps system to achieve reasonable image quality. In addition to use very fast, photo sensors, these have to have high quantum efficiency from 250 nm up to 600 nm. Possible photo sensors for Cherenkov PET may be MCP PMTs.
Via Interconnections for Half-Inch Sized Package Fabricated by Minimal Fab (2018)

A Ball Grid Array (BGA) packaging tool-set and packaging process using a half-inch sized package have been developed. The packaging tool-set is integrated with device manufacturing process line of Minimal Fab that uses half-inch wafers. The packaging line for the half-inch sized package with packaging tools of a die-bonding, a compression molding, a laser ablation, a sputtering and an electroplating of Cu, a redistribution layer (RDL) patterning, a Cu wet-etching, an inkjet, a ball mounting, and a reflow were developed. The packaging process was evaluated by cross-bridge Kelvin resistor (CBKR) test-structures with 3-vias using the BGA package fabricated by the line. Moreover, we have improved electrical contacts between devices and the package by changing Al-Si electrode pads on the device to Cu/Ti pads. As a result, via contact-resistances of the vias with the Cu/Ti electrode pads have reduced by three orders of magnitude than those of the Al-Si electrode pads.
42: Panel Discussion ??? Sternal Wounds: Do Plastic Surgeons Have a Role? (2006)

Orgill, Dennis P. MD, PhD; Austen, William G. MD; Schulman, Norman H. MD; Song, David H. MDAuthor Information
Acoustic Wave-Driven Functionalized Particles for Aptamer-Based Target Biomolecule Separation (2017)

We developed a hybrid microfluidic device that utilized acoustic waves to drive functionalized microparticles inside a continuous flow microchannel and to separate particle-conjugated target proteins from a complex fluid. The acoustofluidic device is composed of an interdigitated transducer that produces high-frequency surface acoustic waves (SAW) and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel. The SAW interacted with the sample fluid inside the microchannel and deflected particles from their original streamlines to achieve separation. Streptavidin-functionalized polystyrene (PS) microparticles were used to capture aptamer (single-stranded DNA) labeled at one end with a biotin molecule. The free end of the customized aptamer15 (apt15), which was attached to the microparticles via streptavidin-biotin linkage to form the PS-apt15 conjugate, was used to capture the model target protein, thrombin (th), by binding at exosite I to form the PS-apt15-th complex. We demonstrated that the PS-apt15 conjugate selectively captured thrombin molecules in a complex fluid. After the PS-apt15-th complex was formed, the sample fluid was pumped through a PDMS microchannel along with two buffer sheath flows that hydrodynamically focused the sample flow prior to SAW exposure for PS-apt15-th separation from the non-target proteins. We successfully separated thrombin from mCardinal2 and human serum using the proposed acoustofluidic device.
High fluence testing of optical materials for 193-nm lithography extensions applications (2010)

As next generation immersion lithography, combined with double patterning, continues to shrink feature sizes, the industry is contemplating a move to non-chemically amplified resists to reduce line edge roughness. Since these resists inherently have lower sensitivities, the transition would require an increase in laser exposure doses, and thus, an increase in incident laser fluence to keep the high system throughput. Over the past several months, we have undertaken a study at MIT Lincoln Laboratory to characterize performance of bulk materials (SiO<sub>2</sub> and CaF<sub>2</sub>) and thin film coatings from major lithographic material suppliers under continuous 193-nm laser irradiation at elevated fluences. The exposures are performed in a nitrogen-purged chamber where samples are irradiated at 4000 Hz at fluences between 30 and 50 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>/pulse. For both coatings and bulk materials, in-situ laser transmission combined with in-situ laser-induced fluorescence is used to characterize material performance. Potential color center formation is monitored by ex-situ spectrophotometry. For bulk materials, we additionally measure spatial birefringence maps before and after irradiation. For thin film coatings, spectroscopic ellipsometry is used to obtain spatial maps of the irradiated surfaces to elucidate the structural changes in the coating. Results obtained in this study can be used to identify potential areas of concern in the lens material performance if the incident fluence is raised for the introduction of non-chemically amplified resists. The results can also help to improve illuminator performance where such high fluences already occur.
Synergistic activity and heterogeneous acquired resistance of combined MDM2 and MEK inhibition in KRAS mutant cancers (2017)

There are currently no effective targeted therapies for KRAS mutant cancers. Therapeutic strategies that combine MEK inhibitors with agents that target apoptotic pathways may be a promising therapeutic approach. We investigated combining MEK and MDM2 inhibitors as a potential treatment strategy for KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and colorectal carcinomas that harbor wild-type TP53. The combination of pimasertib (MEK inhibitor) and SAR405838 (MDM2 inhibitor) was synergistic and induced the expression of PUMA and BIM, led to apoptosis and growth inhibition in vitro, and tumor regression in vivo. Acquired resistance to the combination commonly resulted from the acquisition of TP53 mutations, conferring complete resistance to MDM2 inhibition. In contrast, resistant clones exhibited marked variability in sensitivity to MEK inhibition, which significantly impacted sensitivity to subsequent treatment with alternative MEK inhibitor-based combination therapies. These results highlight both the potential promise and limitations of combining MEK and MDM2 inhibitors for treatment of KRAS mutant NSCLC and colorectal cancers.
Dose Response Relationship in a Monocrotaline Rat Model of Pulmonary Hypertension (2006)

Monocrotaline (MCT) is a toxic alkaloid that causes endothelial cell damage and lung injury resulting in pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rats. Previous studies reported varying doses of MCT and body weight. We have now evaluated dose-response relationships in rats at varied initial body weights: (A=130–150 g; B=200–250 g; C=300–340 g) and 4 doses of MCT (40, 60, 80, 100 mg/kg). Outcome measures at 4 weeks post MCT included change in body weight, hemodynamics, morphological analysis and histology. The results showed that within each weight group the peak and mean PA pressure and PA:LV pressure ratio was significantly different than controls. Peak PA pressure was significantly different between groups B and C with doses 40 and 80 mg/kg (p=0.047 and p=0.002) respectively. Group C showed statistical significance between the 100 mg/kg when compared to the other 3 doses. Histology scores correlated directly with peak and mean PA pressure (r=0.47 for arterial wall thickening and r=0.61 for alveolar edema). An increased mortality was seen between weeks 3–4 in lower body weight groups (group A=83%, group B= 9%, group C= 2% mortality), necessitating obtaining new data at 3 weeks in group A. Liver histology results are pending. This study demonstrates a dose-response relationship between MCT, pulmonary hemodynamics and histology over an expanded dose initial weight range.
Are Women with Severely Symptomatic Brugada Syndrome Different from Men? (2008)

In contrast to men, most women with BrS and resuscitated SCD or appropriate ICD shock do not have a spontaneous type-1 ECG pattern. In addition, the degree of ST elevation is less pronounced in women than men. While women represent a lower-risk group overall, risk factors established from a predominantly male population may not be helpful in identifying high-risk females.
Supplemental Table S8- from The Distinctive Mutational Spectra of Polyomavirus-Negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table S8. Insertions/deletions in MCC tumors&lt;/p&gt;
Secondary Metabolite Gene Clusters (2004)

A gene cluster can be defined as containing two or more closely linked genes participating in the same functional pathway. Although such a definition could include a description of several types of fungal gene clusters-including nutrient utilization clusters [1], pathogenicity islands [2], and mating-type clusters [3,4]—the focus of this chapter is on secondary metabolite gene clusters. Our goal is to summarize the existing descriptions of these clusters as well as to examine models that could explain the clusters’ evolution.