gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early Detection of Subclinical Visual Damage After Blast-Mediated TBI Enables Prevention of Chronic Visual Deficit by Treatment With P7C3-S243 (2014)

Provocative PERG testing serves as a noninvasive test in the living organism to identify early damage to the visual system, which may reflect corresponding damage in the brain that is not otherwise detectable by noninvasive means. This provides the basis for developing an earlier diagnostic test to identify patients at risk for developing chronic CNS and visual system damage after TBI at an earlier stage when treatments may be more effective in preventing these sequelae. In addition, treatment with the neuroprotective agent P7C3-S243 after TBI protects from visual system dysfunction after TBI.
Multistep Crystallization Pathways in the Ambient‐Temperature Synthesis of a New Alkali‐Activated Binder (2021)

Abstract Concrete is the most prevalent manufactured material that has shaped the built environment, but the high‐temperature production of cement, the main component of concrete, has a massive carbon footprint. It is shown that CO 2 emissions during clinker production of cement can be circumvented by a metathesis reaction at room temperature in ball‐mills, where the cement clinker is replaced by non‐calcined limestone and alkali‐activated binders/geopolymers. An amorphous intermediate (aNaSiCC) containing a random mixture of the ionic constituents in “molecular” dispersion is formed by mechanochemical activation of CaCO 3 and Na 2 SiO 3 . This allows molecular transport during crystallization and low activated reactions, as precipitation of solids from liquids (nucleation limited and kinetically controlled) and solid‐state transformations (diffusion‐limited and thermodynamically controlled) have equal weight. Several steps of the hydration reaction could be resolved. Activating the amorphous aNaSiCC precursor with NaOH leads to a CSH‐like phase with a C/S ratio of ≈1 containing some sodium. The carbonate components pass through a multistep crystallization from aNaSiCC via pirssonite and gaylussite to monohydrocalcite. The findings help unravel the interplay between thermodynamics and kinetics in complex reactions of alkali‐activated binders and for CaCO 3 crystallization in industrial and geochemical settings, where dissolved silicate is always involved.
Comment on Pinsker et al. Randomized Crossover Comparison of Personalized MPC and PID Control Algorithms for the Artificial Pancreas. Diabetes Care 2016;39:1135–1142 (2016)

Pinsker et al. (1) compare the performance of an artificial pancreas system using a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm of their own design to the performance of the same system using a proportional integral derivative (PID) algorithm, also of their own design. They conclude that MPC performs better. The authors emphasize that MPC “comes in many flavors” but do not acknowledge the same for PID (1). Using a PID controller of their own design rather than a version that has undergone numerous design iterations, such as the Medtronic algorithm (2,3) or an interacting PID algorithm developed at Boston Children’s Hospital (4,5), makes their study less than compelling.

The authors argue that they designed their MPC and PID algorithms to have “the same level of aggressiveness” but, by their own …
The MIMO transmission equation (2008)

Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems offer capacity benefits over their single-input single-output (SISO) counterparts, thus attracting considerable current research. MIMO performance depends on a wide range of parameters including radiation efficiency, correlation, mutual coupling, matching efficiency and polarization misalignment. No single simulation method has been described that includes each of these effects so critical to handset array designs. This work synthesizes a comprehensive model to incorporate each of these effects. In order to manage the complexity of such a model, the MIMO Transmission Equation is introduced - similar to the well-known Friis transmission equation.
A New Dynamic Index of Insulin Sensitivity (2006)

Insulin sensitivity is a crucial parameter of glucose metabolism. The standard measures of insulin sensitivity obtained by an euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp, Si(clamp), or by the minimal model (MM), SI, do not account for the dynamics of insulin action, i.e., how fast or slow insulin action reaches its plateau value. This is an important physiological information. In this paper we formally define a new insulin sensitivity index which also incorporates information on the dynamics of insulin action, SD(I), show its properties, and exemplify how it can be measured both with the clamp and the MM method. Then, by resorting to real and synthetic data, we show both in IVGTT MM and clamp studies why this new index SD(I) offers, in comparison with SI, a more comprehensive picture of the control of insulin on glucose.
A plug-in hybrid &#x201C;Blue-Angel III&#x201D; for vehicle to grid system with a wireless grid interface (2010)

Vehicle to grid (V2G) concept is becoming increasingly popular, but it essentially requires some form of a power interface between the electric vehicle (EV) and the grid. In contrast to wired power interfaces, a user-friendly and secure wireless interfaces with no physical contacts are preferable. This paper presents a V2G system that comprises of a plug-in hybrid vehicle, called Blue-Angel III, and a wireless power interface for grid integration. Blue-Angel III uses a Li-Ion-Supercapacitor energy storage and a wireless power interface, which is based on inductive power transfer (IPT) technology, facilitates the power exchange between the grid and Blue-Angel III. This paper details the structure, control, energy storage and management, and communication protocols of the hybrid Blue-Angel III, and discusses design aspects of the 2 kW bi-directional IPT power interface of the proposed V2G system. Simulation results under various conditions are presented to show that the proposed wireless and bi-directional IPT interface is ideal for the grid integration of Blue-Angel III and EVs.
Electrochemical Detection of Linagliptin and its Interaction with DNA (2021)

We successfully demonstrated that Lin interacts with DNA, and its influence on DNA could play a vital role in the medical effect of the drug.
Tracking Stem Cells for Cellular Therapy in Stroke (2012)

Stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for stroke. The development of effective ways to monitor transplanted stem cells is essential to understand how stem cell transplantation enhances stroke recovery and ultimately will be an indispensable tool for advancing stem cell therapy to the clinic. In this review, we describe existing methods of tracking transplanted stem cells in vivo, including optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET), with emphasis on the benefits and drawbacks of each imaging approach. Key considerations such as the potential impact of each tracking system on stem cell function, as well as its relative applicability to humans are discussed. Finally, we describe multi-modal imaging strategies as a more comprehensive method to track transplanted stem cells in the stroke-injured brain.
Voltage-gated calcium channels (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database (2019)

Calcium (Ca2+) channels are voltage-gated ion channels present in the membrane of most excitable cells. The nomenclature for Ca2+channels was proposed by [110] and approved by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Ca2+ channels [60]. Ca2+ channels form hetero-oligomeric complexes. The α1 subunit is pore-forming and provides the binding site(s) for practically all agonists and antagonists. The 10 cloned α1-subunits can be grouped into three families: (1) the high-voltage activated dihydropyridine-sensitive (L-type, CaV1.x) channels; (2) the high-voltage activated dihydropyridine-insensitive (CaV2.x) channels and (3) the low-voltage-activated (T-type, CaV3.x) channels. Each α1 subunit has four homologous repeats (I–IV), each repeat having six transmembrane domains and a pore-forming region between transmembrane domains S5 and S6. Gating is thought to be associated with the membrane-spanning S4 segment, which contains highly conserved positive charges. Many of the α1-subunit genes give rise to alternatively spliced products. At least for high-voltage activated channels, it is likely that native channels comprise co-assemblies of α1, β and α2–δ subunits. The γ subunits have not been proven to associate with channels other than the α1s skeletal muscle Cav1.1 channel. The α2–δ1 and α2–δ2 subunits bind gabapentin and pregabalin.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of (−)-16-Normethyldictyostatin:  A Potent Analogue of (−)-Dictyostatin (2005)

[structure: see text] (-)-16-Normethyldictyostatin has been made by total synthesis and is a potent antitumor agent in cells expressing wild-type tubulin and in one mutant cell line that is resistant to paclitaxel, but it is much less active than dictyostatin in another paclitaxel-resistant cell line where Val is substituted for Phe270. This provides strong evidence that the C16 methyl group of the dictyostatins is oriented toward Phe270 in the paclitaxel-binding site on beta-tubulin.
Layer-Controlled Hemoglobin Vesicles by Interaction of Hemoglobin with a Phospholipid Assembly (1996)

Hemoglobin vesicles, which encapsulated concentrated hemoglobin (Hb) with a bilayer of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/palmitic acid, were prepared under various preparation conditions in order to decrease the number of bilayers (n) constructing the vesicle and increase the Hb concentration in the interior of the vesicle ([Hb]in). n decreased when the surface potential of the bilayer became more negative because of the electrostatic repulsion between the bilayers, while with a changing ζ-potential of Hb from positive to negative, [Hb]in showed a precipitous fall because of the electrostatic repulsion between Hb and the surface of the bilayer. A temperature decrease leads to a quality increase in the Hb vesicles ([Hb]/[lipid]) in spite of the [Hb]in decrease by the viscosity increase of the Hb solution. This is explained by the effective reduction of n due to the reduction in membrane fluidity and the protonation of Hb.
The Frustrations and Benefits of Mobile Device Usage in the Home when Co-Present with Family Members (2016)

Mobile devices have begun to raise questions around the potential for overuse when in the presence of family or friends. As such, we conducted a diary and interview study to understand how people use mobile devices in the presence of others at home, and how this shapes their behavior and household dynamics. Results show that family members become frustrated when others do non-urgent activities on their phones in the presence of others. Yet people often guess at what others are doing because of the personal nature of mobile devices. In some cases, people developed strategies to provide a greater sense of activity awareness to combat the problem. Mobile phone usage was sometimes perceived as beneficial by providing a mechanism for needed disengagement from family members. These findings suggest several opportunities for redesigning mobile device software to mitigate emergent frustrations, and open up new opportunities for nurturing social interactions among family members.
Alginate and Cornstarch Mycelial Formulations of Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (1991)

Dry mycelium of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in alginate and cornstarch formulations was evaluated for survival of the formulated mycelium, conidial production on mycelium after exposure to artificial solar radiation, and infectivity to southern corn root worm adults, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber. Alginate formulations were prepared with 1% sodium alginate and calcium chloride. Cornstarch formulations were prepared with gelatinized cornstarch and moist mycelium from liquid culture medium. Oil was added to some starch preparations. Results showed that cornstarch and cornstarch-oil formulations produced more conidia per gram of incorporated mycelium than other preparations. In general, alginate formulations were less productive than pure mycelium. Cornstarch and cornstarch-oil formulations were best at preserving fungi at room temperature (22°C), whereas all formulations provided similar preservation at 4°C. Alginate formulations prevented degradation of fungi by artificial solar radiation, whereas cornstarch-oil was less effective than pure mycelium preparations. Mortality to D. undecimpunctata caused by mycelium formulated into alginate and cornstarchoil preparations were comparable to that caused by pure mycelium preparations. A lag time of 3-4 d preceded disease development on test insects, because of the need for dry mycelium to produce conidia before initiating infection.
Effect of controlled offset of focal position in cavitation-enhanced high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment (2015)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive treatment for tumors such as cancer. In this method, ultrasound is generated outside the body and focused to the target tissue. Therefore, physical and mental stresses on the patient are minimal. A drawback of the HIFU treatment is a long treatment time for a large tumor due to the small therapeutic volume by a single exposure. Enhancing the heating effect of ultrasound by cavitation bubbles may solve this problem. However, this is rather difficult because cavitation clouds tend to be formed backward from the focal point while ultrasonic intensity for heating is centered at the focal point. In this study, the focal points of the trigger pulses to generate cavitation were offset forward from those of the heating ultrasound to match the cavitation clouds with the heating patterns. Results suggest that the controlled offset of focal points makes the thermal coagulation more predictable.
Catalytic hydrogenation of coal to liquid hydrocarbons (1970)

The brown planthopper (BPH) is the leading cause of insect damage to rice plants and BPH infestations have caused profound losses in rice production since the 1970's. There is an urgent need to discover new BPH resistance genes to ensure the successful production of rice. Here, a new BPH resistance source provided by SeedWorks International Pvt. Ltd., SWD10, was used for this purpose. QTL mapping using 232 F<sub>2</sub> progenies and 216 polymorphic markers revealed two dominant BPH resistance QTLs, BPH41 and BPH42, located on chromosome 4. BPH resistance mechanism test revealed that antibiosis and antixenosis mechanisms both play a role in BPH resistance conferred by these two QTLs. The QTLs were delimited between markers SWRm_01617 and SWRm_01522 for BPH41, and SWRm_01695 and SWRm_00328 for BPH42. Additionally, using RNA-seq data of lines containing the resistant QTLs, we shortlisted four and three gene candidates for BPH41 and BPH42, respectively. Differential gene expression analysis of lines containing the QTLs suggested that SWD10 BPH resistance is contributed by the plant's innate immunity and the candidate genes may be part of the rice innate immunity pathway. Currently, the newly identified QTLs are being utilized for breeding BPH resistant rice varieties and hybrids.
Advanced Beam Modeling Applied to Articulated Rotor - Implementation in HOST Aeromechanic Simulation Tool (2014)

Advanced beam modeling is one of the main research topics for Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis (RCA) simulation tools enhancement. HOST is the aeromechanic code developed by AIRBUS HELICOPTERS over the last 25 years and it is continuously upgraded to fit to the new needs. To study the most recent evolutions of rotors and blades (such as Blue Edge™ blades) new modeling strategies must be foreseen including an advanced model featuring all geometric and coupling effects of beam in centrifugal environment and a global modeling approach within the RCA software hosting all the simulation tools required for aircraft development. In this scope Airbus Helicopters has launched the development of Beam Advance Model (BAM) and its integration in HOST. After a short recall of BAM theoretical basis, this paper discusses the implementation strategy chosen for such an advanced model, presents the validation of the method and provides the first available results coming from a full integrated trim calculation on articulated rotor. Dynamic results on Blue Edge™ blade whirl tower test demonstrate the relevancy of BAM model while the validation of its implementation in HOST is presented on full-scale straight bladed rotors.
A New Method to Design Steerable First-Order Differential Beamformers (2021)

First-order differential microphone arrays (FODMAs), which combine a small-spacing uniform linear array and a first-order differential beamformer, have been used in a wide range of applications for sound and speech signal acquisition. However, traditional FODMAs are not steerable and their main lobe can only be at the endfire directions. To circumvent this problem, we propose in this letter a new method to design steerable FODMAs. We first divide the target beampattern into a sum of two sub-beampatterns, i.e., cardioid and dipole, where the summation is controlled by the steering angle. We then design two sub-beamformers, one is similar to the traditional approach and is used to achieve the cardioid sub-beampattern, while the other is designed to filter the squared observation signals and is used to approximate the dipole sub-beampattern. The overall beampattern resembles the target beampattern for any steering angle. Simulations and experiments are performed to justify the effectiveness of the developed method.
Treatment of Oral Multispecies Biofilms by an Anti-Biofilm Peptide (2015)

Human oral biofilms are multispecies microbial communities that exhibit high resistance to antimicrobial agents. Dental plaque gives rise to highly prevalent and costly biofilm-related oral infections, which lead to caries or other types of oral infections. We investigated the ability of the recently identified anti-biofilm peptide 1018 to induce killing of bacterial cells present within oral multispecies biofilms. At 10 μg/ml (6.5 μM), peptide 1018 was able to significantly (p<0.05) prevent biofilm formation over 3 days. The activity of the peptide on preformed biofilms was found to be concentration-dependent since more than 60% of the total plaque biofilm cell population was killed by 10 μg/ml of peptide 1018 in 3 days, while at 5 μg/ml 50% of cells were dead and at 1 μg/ml the peptide triggered cell death in around 30% of the total bacterial population, as revealed by confocal microscopy. The presence of saliva did not affect peptide activity, since no statistically significant difference was found in the ability of peptide 1018 to kill oral biofilms using either saliva coated and non-saliva coated hydroxyapatite surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy experiments indicated that peptide 1018 induced cell lysis in plaque biofilms. Furthermore, combined treatment using peptide 1018 and chlorhexidine (CHX) increased the anti-biofilm activity of each compound compared to when these were used alone, resulting in >50% of the biofilm being killed and >35% being dispersed in only 3 minutes. Peptide 1018 may potentially be used by itself or in combination with CHX as a non-toxic and effective anti-biofilm agent for plaque disinfection in clinical dentistry.
Viral infection of the marine alga Emiliania huxleyi triggers lipidome remodeling and induces the production of highly saturated triacylglycerol (2016)

Viruses that infect marine photosynthetic microorganisms are major ecological and evolutionary drivers of microbial food webs, estimated to turn over more than a quarter of the total photosynthetically fixed carbon. Viral infection of the bloom-forming microalga Emiliania huxleyi induces the rapid remodeling of host primary metabolism, targeted towards fatty acid metabolism. We applied a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based lipidomics approach combined with imaging flow cytometry and gene expression profiling to explore the impact of viral-induced metabolic reprogramming on lipid composition. Lytic viral infection led to remodeling of the cellular lipidome, by predominantly inducing the biosynthesis of highly saturated triacylglycerols (TAGs), coupled with a significant accumulation of neutral lipids within lipid droplets. Furthermore, TAGs were found to be a major component (77%) of the lipidome of isolated virions. Interestingly, viral-induced TAGs were significantly more saturated than TAGs produced under nitrogen starvation. This study highlights TAGs as major products of the viral-induced metabolic reprogramming during the host-virus interaction and indicates a selective mode of membrane recruitment during viral assembly, possibly by budding of the virus from specialized subcellular compartments. These findings provide novel insights into the role of viruses infecting microalgae in regulating metabolism and energy transfer in the marine environment and suggest their possible biotechnological application in biofuel production.
Author Correction: Effectiveness and Safety of a Novel Care Model for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes at 1 Year: An Open-Label, Non-Randomized, Controlled Study (2018)

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake.
Daisy Chain Rotaxanes Made from Interlocked DNA Nanostructures (2016)

We report the stepwise assembly of supramolecular daisy chain rotaxanes (DCR) made of double-stranded DNA: Small dsDNA macrocycles bearing an axle assemble into a pseudo-DCR precursor that was connected to rigid DNA stoppers to form DCR with the macrocycles hybridized to the axles. In presence of release oligodeoxynucleotides (rODNs), the macrocycles are released from their respective hybridization sites on the axles, leading to stable mechanically interlocked DCRs. Besides the expected threaded DCRs, certain amounts of externally hybridized structures were observed, which dissociate into dumbbell structures in presence of rODNs. We show that the genuine DCRs have significantly higher degrees of freedom in their movement along the thread axle than the hybridized DCR precursors. Interlocking of DNA in DCRs might serve as a versatile principle for constructing functional DNA nanostructures where the movement of the subunits is restricted within precisely confined tolerance ranges.
Tracking People's Hands and Feet Using Mixed Network AND/OR Search (2012)

We describe a framework that leverages mixed probabilistic and deterministic networks and their AND/OR search space to efficiently find and track the hands and feet of multiple interacting humans in 2D from a single camera view. Our framework detects and tracks multiple people's heads, hands, and feet through partial or full occlusion; requires few constraints (does not require multiple views, high image resolution, knowledge of performed activities, or large training sets); and makes use of constraints and AND/OR Branch-and-Bound with lazy evaluation and carefully computed bounds to efficiently solve the complex network that results from the consideration of interperson occlusion. Our main contributions are: 1) a multiperson part-based formulation that emphasizes extremities and allows for the globally optimal solution to be obtained in each frame, and 2) an efficient and exact optimization scheme that relies on AND/OR Branch-and-Bound, lazy factor evaluation, and factor cost sensitive bound computation. We demonstrate our approach on three datasets: the public single person HumanEva dataset, outdoor sequences where multiple people interact in a group meeting scenario, and outdoor one-on-one basketball videos. The first dataset demonstrates that our framework achieves state-of-the-art performance in the single person setting, while the last two demonstrate robustness in the presence of partial and full occlusion and fast nontrivial motion.