gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How Can Xanthates Control the RAFT Polymerization of Methacrylates? (2018)

A xanthate bearing S-cyanoisopropyl and O-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl groups was identified as a potential RAFT agent for sequential polymerization of methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate. The intrinsic low reactivity of the xanthate for MMA polymerization was compensated by implementing a semi-batch emulsion process with a thorough adjustment of the process parameters to keep MMA concentration to a minimum during polymerization. In a second stage, the xanthate-capped PMMA seed was chain extended during batch vinyl acetate polymerization at room temperature, yielding a well-defined PMMA-PVAc diblock copolymer.
Atomic structure of the trypsin-cyclotheonamide A complex: lessons for the design of serine protease inhibitors (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAtomic structure of the trypsin-cyclotheonamide A complex: lessons for the design of serine protease inhibitorsAngela Y. Lee, Masahiko Hagihara, Rakesh Karmacharya, Mark W. Albers, Stuart L. Schreiber, and Jon ClardyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 26, 12619–12620Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00079a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00079a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views251Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In-situ resistance measurement during the growth of Cu(In, Ga)Se<inf>2</inf> films by multi-source evaporation (2013)

A novel in-situ resistance measurement technique is presented and used to monitor the evolution of the resistance of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 films during growth. Both 1-stage and 3-stage evaporation processes are evaluated. The resistance of the film is initially > 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> Ω and decreases to ~100 Ω by the end of the deposition, and during cooling, increases again to ~ 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> Ω. When the bell jar is opened and the samples are exposed to air, the resistance rapidly reduces to ~100 Ω. This decrease in resistances requires air and/or moisture and does not occur when the bell jar is `back-filled' with N2, O2 or 5% H2 + Ar. Since the resistance is a cross grain measurement and the change is so abrupt, the air exposure most likely affects the grain boundary chemistry.
The SAAS granin exhibits structural and functional homology to 7B2 and contains a highly potent hexapeptide inhibitor of PC1 (2000)

Prohormone convertases (PCs) 1 and 2 are thought to mediate the proteolytic cleavage of many peptide precursors. Endogenous inhibitors of both PC1 and PC2 have now been identified; the 7B2 protein is a nanomolar inhibitor of PC2, while the novel protein proSAAS was recently reported to be a micromolar inhibitor of PC1 [Fricker et al. (2000) J. Neurosci. 20, 639-648]. We here report evidence that 7B2 and proSAAS exhibit several elements of structural and functional homology. Firstly, 26 kDa human, mouse and rat proSAAS, like all vertebrate 7B2s, contain a proline-rich sequence within the first half of the molecule and also contain a C-terminal 40 residue peptide (SAAS CT peptide) separated from the remainder of the protein by a furin consensus sequence. The SAAS CT peptide contains the precise sequence of a hexapeptide previously identified by combinatorial peptide library screening as a potent inhibitor of PC1, and the vast majority of the inhibitory potency of proSAAS can be attributed to this hexapeptide. Further, like the 7B2 CT peptide, SAAS CT-derived peptides represent tight-binding competitive convertase inhibitors with nanomolar potencies. Lastly, recombinant PC1 is able to cleave the proSAAS CT peptide to a product with a mass consistent with cleavage following the inhibitory hexapeptide. Taken together, our results indicate that proSAAS and 7B2 may comprise two members of a functionally homologous family of convertase inhibitor proteins.
A study on power integrity in a 3D chip stack using dynamic power supply current emulation and power noise monitoring (2014)

A 3D-integrated test vehicle that emulates noise generation and propagation in a heterogeneous integrated system has been developed. In-stack waveform capturers are embedded on each tier which captured the generation and propagation of noise. A consistent analytical model is created and analysis using that model has allowed us to develop a design strategy for the power delivery network to attenuate noise propagation in the stacked system.
Marked Deuterium Isotope Effects on the Enantioselectivity in Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Enamides (2008)

Deuterium isotope effects on the enantioselectivity in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of enamides and related substrates have been studied. Distinct deuterium isotope effects were observed in the hydrogenation of aryl-substituted enamides having an ortho substituent that is capable of forming a hydrogen bond. The observed isotope effects are interpreted in terms of the competitive reactions of two dihydride intermediates and dideuteride intermediates that exist in equilibrium in the catalytic cycle.
Phase-shifting multiwavelength dynamic interferometer (2004)

The benefits of using two-wavelength measurements to extend the dynamic range of an interferometric measurement are well known. We present a new multi-wavelength interferometer that uses two successive single frame measurements obtained rapidly in time to significantly reduce sensitivity to vibration. At each wavelength, four phase-shifted interferograms are captured in a single image. The total acquisition time for both wavelengths is 100 microseconds, over three orders of magnitude shorter than conventional interferometers. Consequently, the measurements do not suffer from the fringe contrast reduction and measurement errors that plague temporal phase-shifting interferometers in the presence of vibration. In this paper we will discuss the basic operating principle of the interferometer, analyze its performance and show some interesting measurements.
ERK Inhibitor LY3214996 Targets ERK Pathway–Driven Cancers: A Therapeutic Approach Toward Precision Medicine (2019)

The ERK pathway is critical in oncogenesis; aberrations in components of this pathway are common in approximately 30% of human cancers. ERK1/2 (ERK) regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival and is the terminal node of the pathway. BRAF- and MEK-targeted therapies are effective in BRAF V600E/K metastatic melanoma and lung cancers; however, responses are short-lived due to emergence of resistance. Reactivation of ERK signaling is central to the mechanisms of acquired resistance. Therefore, ERK inhibition provides an opportunity to overcome resistance and leads to improved efficacy. In addition, <i>KRAS</i>-mutant cancers remain an unmet medical need in which ERK inhibitors may provide treatment options alone or in combination with other agents. Here, we report identification and activity of LY3214996, a potent, selective, ATP-competitive ERK inhibitor. LY3214996 treatment inhibited the pharmacodynamic biomarker, phospho-p90RSK1, in cells and tumors, and correlated with LY3214996 exposures and antitumor activities. In <i>in vitro</i> cell proliferation assays, sensitivity to LY3214996 correlated with ERK pathway aberrations. LY3214996 showed dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition and regression in xenograft models harboring ERK pathway alterations. Importantly, more than 50% target inhibition for up to 8 to 16 hours was sufficient for significant tumor growth inhibition as single agent in <i>BRAF</i>- and <i>KRAS</i>-mutant models. LY3214996 also exhibited synergistic combination benefit with a pan-RAF inhibitor in a <i>KRAS</i>-mutant colorectal cancer xenograft model. Furthermore, LY3214996 demonstrated antitumor activity in <i>BRAF</i>-mutant models with acquired resistance <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Based on these preclinical data, LY3214996 has advanced to an ongoing phase I clinical trial (NCT02857270).
Increased lubricin/proteoglycan 4 gene expression and decreased modulus in medial collateral ligaments following ovariohysterectomy in the adult rabbit: Evidence consistent with aging (2015)

This study investigated whether ovariohysterectomy (OVH) surgery to induce menopause resulted in changes to modulus, failure strain and lubricin/proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) gene expression in rabbit medial collateral ligaments (MCLs), similar to aging (Thornton et al., 2015a). The MCLs from adult rabbits that underwent OVH surgery as adolescents (15-week-old) and adults (1-year-old) were compared by evaluating mechanical behaviour (adolescent OVH, n=8; adult OVH, n=7; normal, n=7), gene expression (adolescent OVH, n=9; adult OVH, n=8; normal, n=8), and collagen and glycosaminoglycan (adolescent OVH, n=9; adult OVH, n=8; normal, n=8) and water (adolescent OVH, n=9; adult OVH, n=8; normal, n=8) content. Mechanical behaviour evaluated cyclic, static and total creep strain, and ultimate tensile strength, modulus and failure strain. The RT-qPCR assessed mRNA levels for matrix regulatory genes. Adult OVH MCLs exhibited increased cyclic creep and failure strain, and decreased modulus with increased mRNA levels for lubricin/PRG4 and collagen I compared with normal MCLs. Adolescent OVH MCLs exhibited increased cyclic, static and total creep strain with decreased mRNA levels for the progesterone receptor. Lubricin/PRG4 plays a role in the lubrication of collagen fascicles which is likely related to the decreased modulus and increased failure strain observed in ligaments from adult OVH rabbits. Progesterone and its receptor are thought to play a role in the stretching of ligaments in pelvic organ prolapse and pregnancy which is likely related to the increase in creep strain observed in ligaments from adolescent OVH rabbits. Ovariohysterectomy in adult rabbits resulted in changes that were consistent with the aging MCL.
Aggregating Flexibility of Heterogeneous Energy Resources in Distribution Networks (2018)

Distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution networks have great potential for providing capacity reserves to the transmission systems. In this context, this paper focuses on optimizing the aggregated flexibility of DERs in power distribution networks, involving both network-wide voltage constraints, and individual device operating constraints. The intended task is first formulated as a convex program, and several critical properties of the underlying optimal aggregation solution are then highlighted via rigorous convex analysis. Leveraging the special problem structure, a decentralized solver is further developed to efficiently find the optimal aggregation trajectory with limited communication. Performance tests on the IEEE 37-bus benchmark are conducted to verify the theoretical findings and demonstrate the impact of various network configurations.
Phenotype and function of peripheral blood γδ T cells in HIV infection with tuberculosis (2022)

Our data suggested that HIV/TB co-infection altered the balance of γδ T cell subsets. The influence of HIV/TB co-infection on the function of γδ T cells to produce cytokines was complicated, which will shed light on further investigations on the mechanisms of the immune response against HIV and/or MTB infection.
Left Lobe First With Purely Laparoscopic Approach (2023)

The LLG first with PLDH approach minimizes surgical stress for donors in adult LDLT without compromising recipient outcomes. This strategy can lighten the burden for living donors, which could help expand the donor pool.
Process Extensions in Optical Lithography Enabling 45-nm Technologies (2005)

This work describes approaches in the field of process extensions, complementary to the more traditional optical extension techniques, to enable the extension of optical lithography to 45-nm technologies.
Discovering frequent episodes in sequences extended abstract (1995)

Sequences of events describing the behavior and actions of users or systems can be collected in several domains. In this paper we consider the problem of recognizing frequent episodes in such sequences of events. An episode is defined to be a collection of events that occur within time intervals of a given size in a given partial order. Once such episodes are known, one can produce rules for describing or predicting the behavior of the sequence. We describe an efficient algorithm for the discovery of all frequent episodes from a given class of episodes, and present experimental results. Introduction Most machine learning and data mining techniques are adapted towards the analysis of unordered collections of data. However, there are important application areas where the data to be analyzed has an inherent sequential structure. For instance, in telecommunications network monitoring or empirical user interface studies it is easy to log a lot of information about the behavior and actions ...
Genome Sequences of Six Prophages Isolated from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Strains Recovered from Human and Animal Clinical Specimens (2019)

<i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> is a common bacterial pathogen in companion animal medicine and has demonstrated zoonotic potential. Here, we report six new <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> prophage genomes of the <i>Siphoviridae</i> family, identified in isolates recovered from human and canine clinical specimens.
Direct sulfonylation of anilines mediated by visible light (2017)

Sulfones feature prominently in biologically active molecules and are key functional groups for organic synthesis. We report a mild, photoredox-catalyzed reaction for sulfonylation of aniline derivatives with sulfinate salts, and demonstrate the utility of the method by the late-stage functionalization of drugs. Key features of the method are the straightforward generation of sulfonyl radicals from bench-stable sulfinate salts and the use of simple aniline derivatives as convenient readily available coupling partners.
A Nomogram for Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis in Submucosal Colorectal Cancer (2017)

In colorectal cancer (CRC), the possibility of lymph node (LN) metastasis is an important consideration when deciding on treatment. We developed a nomogram for predicting lymph node metastasis of submucosal (SM) CRC. The medical records of 509 patients with SM CRC from 1984 to 2012 were retrospectively investigated. All the patients underwent curative surgical resection at the Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases. A total 113 patients with inadequate data were excluded. Using a group of 293 patients who underwent surgery from 1984 to 2008, a logistic regression model was used to develop a prediction model for LN metastasis. The prediction model was validated in an additional group of 103 patients who underwent surgery from 2009 to 2012. Univariate analysis of pathologic factors showed the influence of low histologic grade (muc, por, sig; P &amp;lt; 0.001), positive lymphatic invasion (P &amp;lt; 0.001), positive vascular invasion (P = 0.036), and tumor SM invasion depth (P = 0.098) in LN metastasis. Using these variables, a nomogram predicting LN metastasis was constructed using a logistic regression model with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.717. The prediction model was validated by an external dataset in an independent patient group with an AUC of 0.920. We developed a novel and reliable nomogram predicting LN metastasis through the integration of 4 pathologic factors. This prediction model may help clinicians to decide on personalized treatment following endoscopic resection.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFICIENT SMART GRID WITH ERROR CONTROL ALGORITHM (2019)

The in capabilities of the current power grid in distributing monitoring and managing due to the rising needs in the energy consumption and the aging infrastructure of the prevailing power grid, has led to the emergence of the grid that is smart in managing distributing and monitoring . The smart grid incorporating controls, computer, automation along innovative technologies and tools are able to provide an enhanced performance by being extra proficient, secure, reliable and greener. The smart grid also provides with the two way communication between the users and the utilities on the terms of electricity and information with the usage being completely monitored using the wireless sensor networks. The communication between the user and the utilities are often affected due to the noise, fading and path loss etc. experienced by the communication path. So the paper proffers an error control method that is adaptive to the changing behavior of the communication channels to make have an error less communication making the smart grid efficient. The result obtained based on the bit error rate, delay and the throughput evince the capability of the proposed scheme.
Editorial: Celiac Disease: progress towards diagnosis and definition of pathogenic mechanisms (2011)

The current issue of the International Reviews of Immunology is dedicated entirely to Celiac Disease (CD). Recent development of additional biomarkers and diagnostics resulted in a sharp revision of the prevalence of this condition, with a previously unrecognized subclinical occurrence in the adult population. This was paralleled by groundbreaking progress in understanding its molecular pathogenesis: while gluten-derived peptides activate the innate immunity, post-translationally modified gluten elicits an adaptive immunity. These arms amplify each other, resulting in a self- perpetuating autoimmune condition, influenced by disturbances of the gut flora and mucus chemistry. The process evolves dramatically in a subset of patients with vulnerable immune homeostasis (eg. Treg cells) explaining the progressive, aggravating syndrome in the clinically overt version of CD. In depth understanding of the pathogenesis of CD thus creates the premises of developing novel, more accurate animal models that should support a rationale development of new prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.
Measurements of sound speed in excised tissue over temperatures expected under high-intensity focused ultrasound conditions (1998)

Noninvasive monitoring of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment by diagnostic ultrasound is currently limited by a poor understanding of the bioacoustic effects of tissue heating. Sound-speed measurement has been proposed as a means of noninvasive thermal mapping. The sound speed in most tissues changes monotonically but nonlinearly with temperature to around 60 °C. Above that temperature, at which the tissue proteins begin to denature, irreversible changes occur in the tissue and its corresponding acoustic properties. Sound-speed data around and above the range in which the tissue ‘‘cooks’’ is a challenge to obtain because of changes in tissue shape, compressibility, and overall dimensions associated with the cooking process. In this research, an apparatus to measure sound speed during a controlled temperature change was used to study the effects of temperature, thermal dose, and thermal dose rate on the speed of sound in various mammalian tissues. The apparatus, potential sources of error, and results will be presented, and implications for forward and inverse HIFU propagation modeling and acoustic remote sensing of HIFU-induced temperature changes will be discussed. [Work supported by DARPA.]
<sc>Atom</sc>: A Grammar for Unit Visualizations (2017)

Unit visualizations are a family of visualizations where every data item is represented by a unique visual mark-a visual unit-during visual encoding. For certain datasets and tasks, unit visualizations can provide more information, better match the user's mental model, and enable novel interactions compared to traditional aggregated visualizations. Current visualization grammars cannot fully describe the unit visualization family. In this paper, we characterize the design space of unit visualizations to derive a grammar that can express them. The resulting grammar is called ATOM, and is based on passing data through a series of layout operations that divide the output of previous operations recursively until the size and position of every data point can be determined. We evaluate the expressive power of the grammar by both using it to describe existing unit visualizations, as well as to suggest new unit visualizations.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution in the curing of brominated poly(isobutylene‐co‐4‐methylstyrene): A mechanistic model study with zinc salts (1993)

Abstract The crosslinking chemistry of a new elastomer based on brominated poly(isobutylene‐co‐4‐methylstyrene) has been investigated using model compounds. In order to mimic the conditions that prevail within the highly allphatic rubber, the study was carried out in mineral oil using catalysts that are compatible with such low polarity media. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions occur in a system consisting of p ‐isopropylbenzyl bromide and p ‐isopropyl toluene in the presence of zinc oxide and zinc stearate. The reaction proceeds after a significant induction period while no induction period is seen for a similar reaction with zinc bromide as the catalyst. The in situ formation of reactive species containing ZnBr bonds appears to be an important step in the overall process. The stoichiometric ratio of zinc salt to benzylic bromide is important. High ratios lead to the accumulation of benzylic stearate or benzylic alcohol in the system which retards the alkylation reaction. The model study emphasizes the importance of stoichiometry of reagents in this reaction and provides insight into the crosslinking mechanism. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Sensitive Fluorescence Microscopy of Neurons Cultured on a Plasmonic Chip (2012)

A plasmonic chip with a periodic structure coated with thin metal films was fabricated and applied to bioimaging under a fluorescence microscope. By using the enhanced electric field of surface plasmon resonance excited on the chip, an enhanced fluorescence of samples was observed by conventional fluorescence microscopy. In this study, neurons were cultured on a plasmonic chip, which was used instead of a glass-bottomed dish or cover glass; the received fluorescence images of neuron dendrites were more than four times brighter than those obtained from similar specimens cultured on a glass-bottomed dish and observed using an upright fluorescence microscope.