gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PSSE REDUX (2020)

This chapter aspires to glean some of the recent advances in power system state estimation (PSSE). The Cramér–Rao bound, a lower bound on the (co)variance of any unbiased estimator, is first derived for the PSSE setup. After reviewing the classical Gauss–Newton iterations, contemporary PSSE solvers leveraging relaxations to convex programs and successive convex approximations are explored. Dynamic PSSE is well motivated thanks to its improved robustness, observability, and predictive ability when additional temporal information is available. A disciplined paradigm for distributed and decentralized schemes is subsequently exemplified under linear(ized) and exact grid models. Novel bad data processing models and fresh perspectives linking critical measurements to cyberattacks on the state estimator are presented. Finally, spurred by advances in online convex optimization (OCO), model-free and model-based state trackers are reviewed.
Beyond the Input Stream (2019)

Method-independent text entry evaluation tools are often used to conduct text entry experiments and compute performance metrics, like words per minute and error rates. The input stream paradigm of Soukoreff & MacKenzie (2001, 2003) still remains prevalent, which presents a string for transcription and uses a strictly serial character representation for encoding the text entry process. Although an advance over prior paradigms, the input stream paradigm is unable to support many modern text entry features. To address these limitations, we present transcription sequences: for each new input, a snapshot of the entire transcribed string unto that point is captured. By comparing adjacent strings within a transcription sequence, we can compute all prior metrics, reduce artificial constraints on text entry evaluations, and introduce new metrics. We conducted a study with 18 participants who typed 1620 phrases using a laptop keyboard, on-screen keyboard, and smartphone keyboard using features such as auto-correction, word prediction, and copy/paste. We also evaluated non-keyboard methods Dasher, gesture typing, and T9. Our results show that modern text entry methods and features can be accommodated, prior metrics can be correctly computed, and new metrics can reveal insights. We validated our algorithms using ground truth based on cursor positioning, confirming 100% accuracy. We also provide a new tool, TextTest++, to facilitate web-based evaluations.
Target flux estimation by calculating intersections between neighboring conic reflector patches (2013)

We propose a fast algorithm to estimate the flux collected by conic reflector patches, based on the calculation of intersections between neighboring patches. The algorithm can be employed in conjunction with the supporting ellipsoids algorithm for freeform reflector design and is shown to be orders of magnitude faster and more scalable than the commonly used Monte Carlo ray tracing approach.
A STUDY ON QUADRATIC CURVES AND GENERALIZED ECCENTRICITY IN POLAR TAXICAB GEOMETRY (2014)

Over the years, there has been much research conducted on quadratic curves and the set of points with the generalized notion of eccentricity in a plane with metrics such as taxicab distance or Chinese-checker distance. On the other hand, polar taxicab distance has been newly proposed on the polar coordinate system, a type of curvilinear coordinate system, to overcome the limitation of pre-existing metrics in terms of describing curved routes. Previous study has looked into the fundamental properties of this metric. From this point of view, we study the quadratic curves and the set of points with the generalized notion of eccentricity in a plane with polar taxicab distance.
Assessment of a Gas Turbine NOx Reduction Potential Based on a Spatiotemporal Unmixedness Parameter (2013)

The paper presents a one-dimensional approach to assess the reduction potential of NOx emissions for lean premixed gas turbine combustion systems. NOx emissions from these systems are known to be mainly caused by high temperatures, not only from an averaged perspective but especially related to poor mixing quality of fuel and air. The method separates the NOx chemistry in the flame front zone and the postflame zone (slow reaction). A one-dimensional treatment enables the use of detailed chemistry. A lookup table parameterized by reaction progress and equivalence ratio is used to improve the computational efficiency. The influence of mixing quality is taken into account by a probability density function of the fuel element–based equivalence ratio, which itself translates into a temperature distribution. Hence, the NOx source terms are a function of reaction progress and equivalence ratio. The reaction progress is considered by means of the two-zone approach. Based on unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data, the evolution of the probability density function with residence time has been analyzed. Two types of definitions of an unmixedness quantity are considered. One definition accounts for spatial as well as temporal fluctuations, and the other is based on the mean spatial distribution. They are determined at the location of the flame front. The paper presents a comparison of the modeled results with experimental data. A validation and application have shown very good quantitative and qualitative agreement with the measurements. The comparison of the unmixedness definitions has proven the necessity of unsteady simulations. A general emissions-unmixedness correlation can be derived for a given combustion system.
Combined Electrical And Magnetic Resistivity Tomography: Theory And Inverse Modeling (2002)

Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) which has seen increasingly wide use for environmental monitoring uses the measurement of electrical potentials induced by a low-frequency electric current source. An alternative technique, magnetometric resistivity, measures the magnetic fields created by the same type of low-frequency electric current source used for ERT. Combining these two methods and thus the two types of data, provides an opportunity for producing improved subsurface images in a wider range of environments.&lt;br&gt;This paper discusses the development of a fully three-dimensional inverse routine that combines magnetic and electric field measurements. The algorithm is based on a 3-D finite difference forward algorithm. The magnetic fields are modeled by applying the reciprocity theorem to model the electric fields induced by a coil of unit moment at a frequency of one radian per second. Using this method allows for an adjoint formulation for calculating sensitivities of both magnetic and electric fields with respect to changes in the conductivities of individual cells within the finite-difference mesh. In initial model studies, combined MMR/ERT surveys were better able to result 3-D structures than MMR alone.
A cost effective repetitive controller and its design (2000)

A structure for digital repetitive controllers is proposed along with a performance index based optimal design method. This new structure is motivated by efforts to minimize the complexity of repetitive control implementations. The addition of repetitive control to a system stabilized by observer state feedback is specifically described, but the ideas and methods should easily extend to other control systems. In a departure from existing design methods, the states of the stabilizing controller are used in addition to the plant output to drive the repetitive controller. Thus, the computation done by the stabilizing controller may be reused. An illustrative example is drawn from the area of computer disk file servosystems.
High-pressure rheology of polystyrene melts plasticized with CO2: Experimental measurement and predictive scaling relationships (2000)

A high-pressure extrusion slit die rheometer was constructed to measure the viscosity of polymer melts plasticized by liquid and supercritical CO2. A novel gas injection system was devised to accurately meter the follow of CO2 into the extruder barrel. Measurements of pressure drop, within the die, confirm the presence of a one-phase mixture and a fully developed flow during viscosity measurements. Experimental measurements of viscosity as a function of shear rate, pressure, temperature, and CO2 concentration were conducted for three commercial polystyrene melts. The CO2 was shown to be an effective plasticizer for polystyrene, lowering the viscosity of the polymer melt by as much as 80%, depending of the process conditions and CO2 concentration. Existing theories for viscoelastic scaling of polymer melts and the prediction of Tg depression by a diluent were used to develop a free volume model for predicting the effects of CO2 concentration and pressure on polymer melt rheology. The free volume model, dependent only on material parameters of the polymer melt and pure CO2, was shown to accurately collapse the experimental data onto a single master curve independent of pressure and CO2 concentration for each of the three polystyrene samples. This model constitutes a simple predictive set of equations to quantify the effects of gas-induced plasticization on molten polymer systems. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 3168–3180, 2000
Bone Marrow Transplantation Procedures in Mice to Study Clonal Hematopoiesis (2021)

Clonal hematopoiesis is a prevalent age-associated condition that results from the accumulation of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Mutations in driver genes, that confer cellular fitness, can lead to the development of expanding HSPC clones that increasingly give rise to progeny leukocytes harboring the somatic mutation. Because clonal hematopoiesis has been associated with heart disease, stroke, and mortality, the development of experimental systems that model these processes is key to understanding the mechanisms that underly this new risk factor. Bone marrow transplantation procedures involving myeloablative conditioning in mice, such as total-body irradiation (TBI), are commonly employed to study the role of immune cells in cardiovascular diseases. However, simultaneous damage to the bone marrow niche and other sites of interest, such as the heart and brain, is unavoidable with these procedures. Thus, our lab has developed two alternative methods to minimize or avoid possible side effects caused by TBI: 1) bone marrow transplantation with irradiation shielding and 2) adoptive BMT to non-conditioned mice. In shielded organs, the local environment is preserved allowing for the analysis of clonal hematopoiesis while the function of resident immune cells is unperturbed. In contrast, the adoptive BMT to non-conditioned mice has the additional advantage that both the local environments of the organs and the hematopoietic niche are preserved. Here, we compare three different hematopoietic cell reconstitution approaches and discuss their strengths and limitations for studies of clonal hematopoiesis in cardiovascular disease.
Two-stage dense plasma heating by 100 kJ E-beam (1992)

The experimental results on heating of a dense plasma by an electron beam on the GOL-3 device are presented. The relativistic electron beam is injected into a 7-meter long plasma column of a mirror machine. The beam can transfer about 20–30% of its energy into 1–10 keV plasma electrons due to collective effects. These electrons are slowed down in a 0.5–3 meter long gas cloud of a 1016–1017 cm−3 density (so-called two-stage heating scheme). The hot electrons ionize this cloud and heat the dense plasma due to binary collisions. The total energy deposited in the cloud is 2–4 times higher than the instantaneous energy content of the lower density homogeneous plasma. Pressure waves were observed in the plasma. The mean energy of the hot electrons was estimated from measured energy deposition along the plasma cloud. The experiment demonstrates a high efficiency of the two-stage scheme of a dense (1016–1017 cm−3) plasma heating.
Semiempirical Band Calculation of Pd-Adsorbed SnO2 Surface (1999)

The electronic structure of a Pd-adsorbed SnO 2 (001) surface is calculated using a semiempirical tight-binding method. When a Pd atom bridges two oxygen atoms on the SnO 2 (001) surface, bonding and antibonding states arising from the admixture of Pd 4 d and O 2 p orbitals are formed around -15 eV and -8.35 eV. The energy levels of these bonding and antibonding states are overlapped with those of the valence and conduction bands. Nonbonding states originating from Pd 4 d are calculated to be -9.2 eV and are located near the bottom of the conduction band of SnO 2 . The Fermi level of -8.37 eV is pinned at the nonbonding states with a large state density. When two Pd atoms are bound to two oxygen atoms on SnO 2 (001), Pd-related states exhibit a bandlike character in spite of less than one monolayer coverage.
Particle-wall interaction and wall friction in gas-solid flows (1985)

Analytical modeling based on one-dimensional two-phase flow for solid-gas suspensions in pipes is the objective of the work described here. The paper focuses on three different empirical correlations based on physical models available for expressing the effect of wall friction on the solid-gas suspension. The three correlations are described and comparisons are made for a typical case of pipe flow. Predictions of pressure drop and particle velocity based on the three models agree well with each other for certain values of empirical parameters. The actual choice of the approach will be made on the basis of experiments to be performed at the Argonne National Laboratory. 16 refs., 4 figs.
Lebertransplantation bei primär biliärer Zirrhose: Retrospektive Analyse eines Zentrums (2006)

Long-term follow-up of up to 17 years after liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis showed excellent survival rates. Both the amount and severity of postoperative complications and the preoperative Child-Pugh score did not affect the long-time survival rate significantly.
Motion estimation using multiple image sensors (2002)

A scheme of motion estimation using multiple image sensors is proposed, in which the multiple image sensors work at different integration intervals or different sampling instances. Because combined use of multiple image sensors virtually increases the temporal resolution while keeping signal to noise ratio high enough, the accuracy of the estimation can be improved. Both gradient-based and block-matching-based methods are formulated for the images obtained by the multiple image sensors. Tile experimental results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the accuracy and reduces computational complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of 11C‐Labeled VU0467485/AZ13713945 and Its Analogues for Imaging Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtype 4 (2018)

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) have five distinct subunits (M<sub>1</sub> -M<sub>5</sub> ) and are involved in the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. Attributed to the promising clinical efficacy of xanomeline, an M<sub>1</sub> /M<sub>4</sub> -preferring agonist, in patients of schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, M<sub>1</sub> - or M<sub>4</sub> -selective mAChR modulators have been developed that target the topographically distinct allosteric sites. Herein we report the synthesis and preliminary evaluation of <sup>11</sup> C-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) ligands based on a validated M<sub>4</sub> R positive allosteric modulator VU0467485 (AZ13713945) to facilitate drug discovery. [<sup>11</sup> C]VU0467485 and two other ligands were prepared in high radiochemical yields (>30 %, decay-corrected) with high radiochemical purity (>99 %) and high molar activity (>74 GBq μmol<sup>-1</sup> ). In vitro autoradiography studies indicated that these three ligands possess moderate-to-high in vitro specific binding to M<sub>4</sub> R. Nevertheless, further physiochemical property optimization is necessary to overcome the challenges associated with limited brain permeability.
Radioprotection of Lung and Esophagus by Overexpression of the Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Transgene (2002)

Protection of normal tissue from radiation-induced damage has been demonstrated in the murine lung and esophagus using human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) plasmid/liposome complex (PL). C57BL/6J mice were injected intratracheally with MnSOD-PL, LacZ-PL, or metallothionein (MT2)-PL and irradiated 24 hours later at 2,000 cGy to the pulmonary cavity. Mice injected with MnSOD-PL had significantly increased survival compared with control, LacZ-PL, or MT2-PL irradiated mice. In an esophagitis model, male C3H/HeJ mice were injected intraesophageally with either MnSOD-PL or LacZ-PL and irradiated 24 hours later at 3,500 cGy to the pulmonary cavity. Mice injected with MnSOD-PL had significantly increased survival after irradiation at 3,500 cGy compared with control or LacZ-PL injected mice. However, orthotopic 3LL lung tumors in C57BL/6J mice were not protected from radiation following injection of MnSOD-PL, as seen by increased survival of mice with these tumors following irradiation. MnSOD-PL gene therapy protected normal lung and esophagus but not 3LL orthotopic lung tumors from radiation-induced damage.
Electrical Scanning Probe Microscopy: Investigating the Inner Workings of Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices (2005)

NRC publication: Yes
Glucagon-like peptide 1 increases insulin sensitivity in depancreatized dogs. (1999)

To determine whether glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 increases insulin sensitivity in addition to stimulating insulin secretion, we studied totally depancreatized dogs to eliminate GLP-1's incretin effect. Somatostatin was infused (0.8 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) to inhibit extrapancreatic glucagon in dogs, and basal glucagon was restored by intraportal infusion (0.65 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)). To simulate the residual intraportal insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes, basal intraportal insulin infusion was given to obtain plasma glucose concentrations of approximately 10 mmol/l. Glucose was clamped at this level for the remainder of the experiment, which included peripheral insulin infusion (high dose, 5.4 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1), or low dose, 0.75 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) with or without GLP-1(7-36) amide (1.5 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)). Glucose production and utilization were measured with 3-[3H]glucose, using radiolabeled glucose infusates. In 12 paired experiments with six dogs at the high insulin dose, GLP-1 infusion resulted in higher glucose requirements than saline (60.9+/-11.0 vs. 43.6+/-8.3 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P< 0.001), because of greater glucose utilization (72.6+/-11.0 vs. 56.8+/-9.7 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P<0.001), whereas the suppression of glucose production was not affected by GLP-1. Free fatty acids (FFAs) were significantly lower with GLP-1 than saline (375.3+/-103.0 vs. 524.4+/-101.1 micromol/l, P<0.01), as was glycerol (77.9+/-17.5 vs. 125.6+/-51.8 micromol/l, P<0.05). GLP-1 receptor gene expression was found using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of poly(A)-selected RNA in muscle and adipose tissue, but not in liver. Low levels of GLP-1 receptor gene expression were also found in adipose tissue using Northern blotting. In 10 paired experiments with five dogs at the low insulin dose, GLP-1 infusion did not affect glucose utilization or FFA and glycerol suppression when compared with saline, suggesting that GLP-1's effect on insulin action was dependent on the insulin dose. In conclusion, in depancreatized dogs, GLP-1 potentiates insulin-stimulated glucose utilization, an effect that might be contributed in part by GLP-1 potentiation of insulin's antilipolytic action.
Large-Cell Acanthoma (1992)

Large-cell acanthoma is an epidermal neoplasm that is clinically, histologically, and biologically distinctive. Clinically, it differs from solar lentigo by being frequently skin-colored or hypopigmented. Histologically, it is defined by a population of uniformly large keratinocytes; it differs from solar lentigo by the absence of elongated hyperpigmented and sometimes hockey stick-shaped buds of keratinocytes. Biologically, it consists of hyperploid keratinocytes, whereas solar lentigo consists of diploid keratinocytes. Although the exact nosologic status of this entity is still controversial, its features are distinctive enough for the term "large-cell acanthoma" to merit continued usage.
Detection and cloning of human DNA sequences related to the mouse mammary tumor virus genome. (1982)

Sequences related to the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) genome have been detected in fragments of restricted human cellular DNA. These results were obtained by using recombinant DNA containing the MMTV proviral genome and lowering the stringency of blot-hybridization conditions. The MMTV genome also reacts with unique families of fragments in restricted cellular DNA from other mammalian species but not with salmon sperm DNA. A clone that reacted with labeled MMTV proviral DNA was selected from a human DNA library in Charon 4A. Under stringent conditions, a 3.7-kilobase MMTV-related EcoRI fragment of this clone hybridized with many of the same EcoRI restriction fragments of human cellular DNA detectable with MMTV proviral DNA under low-stringency conditions. Specific fragments of the human clone were shown to contain sequences related to the molecularly cloned gag, pol, and env regions of the MMTV genome.
0.5 nm EOT low leakage ALD SrTiO3 on TiN MIM capacitors for DRAM applications (2008)

We demonstrate for the first time record low Leakage-EOT (3.5x10(-7) A/cm(2) at 1V, EOT=0.49 nm) MIM capacitors fabricated using a low temperature (250 degrees C) ALD SrTiO3 (STO) deposition process on ALD TiN bottom electrode. While most previous work on STO used deposition techniques not compatible with high aspect ratio DRAM applications, recent work on ALD STO showed promise on noble-like metal electrodes (Ru, Pt) [1,2]. In this work, a low temperature ALD process with alternative precursor set and carefully optimized deposition and processing conditions enables the use of low-cost, manufacturable-friendly TiN electrode MIMcaps for future DRAM nodes. Composition (Sr-rich) and process optimization allowed minimization of interfacial EOT penalties and leakage reduction by decreasing the density of leakier STO grains.
An acoustic levitation technique for the study of nonlinear oscillations of gas bubbles in liquids (1983)

Abstract : A technique of acoustic levitation was developed for the study of individual gas bubbles in a liquid. Isopropyl alcohol and a mixture of glycerine and water (33-1/3% glycerine by volume) were the two liquids used in this research. Bubbles were levitated near the acoustic pressure antinode of an acoustic wave in the range of 20-22 kHz. Measurements were made of the levitation number as a function of the normalized radius of the bubbles. The levitation number is the ratio of the hydrostatic pressure gradient to the acoustic pressure gradient. These values were then compared to a nonlinear theory. Results were very much in agreement except for the region near the n=2 harmonic. An explanation for the discrepancy between theory and experiment appears to lie in the polytropic exponent associated with the gas in the interior of the bubble. (Author)
Lesser suppression of response to bright visual stimuli and visual abnormality in children with autism spectrum disorder: a magnetoencephalographic study (2019)

Our results show that dysfunction of stimulus-driven neural suppression plays a crucial role in the neural mechanism of visual abnormality in children with ASD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first magnetoencephalography study to demonstrate the association between the severity of visual abnormality and lower attenuation ratios in children with ASD. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying visual abnormality in children with ASD, and may therefore lead to more effective diagnosis and earlier intervention.