gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overtone mobility spectrometry: Part 2. Theoretical considerations of resolving power (2009)

The transport of ions through multiple drift regions is modeled to develop an equation that is useful for an understanding of the resolving power of an overtone mobility spectrometry (OMS) technique. It is found that resolving power is influenced by a number of experimental variables, including those that define ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) resolving power: drift field (E), drift region length (L), and buffer gas temperature (T). However, unlike IMS, the resolving power of OMS is also influenced by the number of drift regions (n), harmonic frequency value (m), and the phase number (Phi) of the applied drift field. The OMS resolving power dependence upon the new OMS variables (n, m, and Phi) scales differently than the square root dependence of the E, L, and T variables in IMS. The results provide insight about optimal instrumental design and operation.
Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals (2018)

In this work, methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr<sub>3</sub>) single crystals are studied by noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). We demonstrate that the surface photovoltage and crystal photostriction can be simultaneously investigated by implementing a specific protocol based on the acquisition of the tip height and surface potential during illumination sequences. The obtained data confirm the existence of lattice expansion under illumination in MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> and that negative photocarriers accumulate near the crystal surface due to band bending effects. Time-dependent changes of the surface potential occurring under illumination on the scale of a few seconds reveal the existence of slow ion-migration mechanisms. Lastly, photopotential decay at the sub-millisecond time scale related to the photocarrier lifetime is quantified by performing KPFM measurements under frequency-modulated illumination. Our multimodal approach provides a unique way to investigate the interplay between the charges and ionic species, the photocarrier-lattice coupling and the photocarrier dynamics in hybrid perovskites.
A DLTS Perspective on Electrically Active Defects in Plated Crystalline Silicon n+p Solar Cells (2019)

Laser ablation (LA) has been compared with standard wet etching for contact opening in crystalline silicon n(+)p solar cells, from a perspective of electrically active defects, assessed by Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS). Copper metallization is employed, including a plated nickel diffusion barrier. It is shown that a hole trap around 0.17 eV above the valence band is systematically present in the depletion region of the junctions, irrespective of the contact opening method. This level could correspond with the substitutional nickel donor level in silicon and indicates that Ni in-diffusion occurs during the contact processing. No clear evidence for the presence of electrically active copper has been found. In addition, two other hole traps H2 and H3, belonging to point defects, have been observed after wet etching and standard LA, while for the highest laser power (hard LA) a broad band develops around 175 K, which is believed to be associated with dislocations, penetrating the p-type base region. Evidence will also be given for the impurity decoration of the dislocations, which enhances their electrical activity.
Hybrid Li-Ion/Li-Oxygen Battery Materials (2015)

In the Center for Electrochemical Energy Science (CEES) EFRC, we are investigating a new class of energy storage materials – hybrid Li-ion/Li-oxygen materials – that combine lithium ion and lithium oxygen capacity to deliver high energy storage capacity [1,2]. In this talk, we will discuss our synthesis, characterization, and first principles modeling efforts of these hybrid Li-ion/Li-oxygen materials, in an attempt to understand their electrochemical performance and reaction mechanisms. We will report on the in-situ observations of structural changes during electrochemical cycling, and accompanying first principles studies, in prototypical hybrid materials, Li 5 FeO 4 and αMnO 2 [3]. We will present results of high throughput computational searches for new hybrid materials [4]. Challenges and future prospects of hybrid materials will also be discussed. [1] L. Trahey, C. S. Johnson, J. T. Vaughey, S.-H. Kang, L. J. Hardwick, S. A. Freunberger, P. G. Bruce, M. M. Thackeray, “Activated Lithium-Metal-Oxides as Catalytic Electrodes for Li-O 2 Cells,” Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 2011, 14, A64. [2] M. M. Thackeray, M. K. Y. Chan, L. Trahey, S. Kirklin, and C. Wolverton, “Vision for Designing High-Energy, Hybrid Li Ion/Li-O 2 Cells,” Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2013, 4, 3607. [3] Z. Yang, L. Trahey, Y. Ren, M. K. Y. Chan, C. Lin, J. Okasinski, and M. M. Thackeray, “In-Situ High-Energy Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Studies and First Principles Modeling of α-MnO 2 Electrodes in Li-O 2 and Li-ion Coin Cells,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015, 3, 7389. [4] S. Kirklin, M. K. Y. Chan, L. Trahey, M. M. Thackeray, C Wolverton, “High-throughput screening of high-capacity electrodes for hybrid Li-ion-Li-O 2 cells,” Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2014, 16, 22073. Figure 1
WHY YOU SHOULD ATTEND (2016)

_ Network with senior professionals from more than 40 countries Nadine Dereza will be the Master of Ceremonies for WeDo Technologies Worldwide User Group & Summit 2016. Nadine is an award winning journalist, an experienced business presenter and an accomplished interviewer. With a background presenting for CNN, BBC, Sky TV, Financial Times, Talk Radio and many others, she was also awarded ‘Financial Journalist of the Year’. WHY YOU SHOULD ATTEND? Nadine Dereza MASTER OF CEREMONIES
Data from Inhibiting ERK5 Overcomes Breast Cancer Resistance to Anti-HER2 Therapy By Targeting the G<sub>1</sub>–S Cell-Cycle Transition (2023)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Targeting HER2 has become a landmark in the treatment of HER2-driven breast cancer. Nonetheless, the clinical efficacy of anti-HER2 therapies can be short-lived and a significant proportion of patients ultimately develop metastatic disease and die. One striking consequence of oncogenic activation of HER2 in breast cancer cells is the constitutive activation of the extracellular-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) through its hyperphosphorylation. In this study, we sought to decipher the significance of this unique molecular signature in promoting therapeutic resistance to anti-HER2 agents. We found that a small-molecule inhibitor of ERK5 suppressed the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (RB) in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. As a result, ERK5 inhibition enhanced the antiproliferative activity of single-agent anti-HER2 therapy in resistant breast cancer cell lines by causing a G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; cell-cycle arrest. Moreover, ERK5 knockdown restored the antitumor activity of the anti-HER2 agent lapatinib in human breast cancer xenografts. Taken together, these findings support the therapeutic potential of ERK5 inhibitors to improve the clinical benefit that patients receive from targeted HER2 therapies.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Here we demonstrate that targeting ERK5 in HER2-positive breast cancer cells reduces the level of phosphorylation of RB, an important mediator of the G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;–S transition. This effect is associated with increased antitumor activity of lapatinib in combination therapy with ERK5 silencing. Collectively, these findings reveal that ERK5 constitutes a relevant therapeutic target for the many patients with resistant HER2-positive breast cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Fiber-optic pressure sensors detect cavitation and flow instabilities in centrifugal pumps (1996)

A vibration monitoring program is a common means of protecting mechanical equipment from catastrophic failures. For critical pumps handling highly flammable or toxic fluids, prudent operation also requires users to monitor pressure pulsations as a means of ensuring proper hydraulic operation and preventing flow related mechanical failures.
Tsetse Salivary Gland Proteins 1 and 2 Are High Affinity Nucleic Acid Binding Proteins with Residual Nuclease Activity (2012)

Analysis of the tsetse fly salivary gland EST database revealed the presence of a highly enriched cluster of putative endonuclease genes, including tsal1 and tsal2. Tsal proteins are the major components of tsetse fly (G. morsitans morsitans) saliva where they are present as monomers as well as high molecular weight complexes with other saliva proteins. We demonstrate that the recombinant tsetse salivary gland proteins 1&2 (Tsal1&2) display DNA/RNA non-specific, high affinity nucleic acid binding with K D values in the low nanomolar range and a non-exclusive preference for duplex. These Tsal proteins exert only a residual nuclease activity with a preference for dsDNA in a broad pH range. Knockdown of Tsal expression by in vivo RNA interference in the tsetse fly revealed a partially impaired blood digestion phenotype as evidenced by higher gut nucleic acid, hematin and protein contents.
Collision Warning with Auto Brake - A Real-Life Safety Perspective (2007)

Automotive safety has gained an increasing amount of interest from the general public, governments, and the car industry. This is more than justified by traffic accident statistics, as each year around 1.2 million people die due to road traffic accidents. For these reasons safety remains a core value of Volvo Cars. This paper presents some of the latest active safety developments within Volvo Cars. Rear-end collisions are common accident scenarios and a common cause of these accidents is driver distraction and thus not reacting in time. No vehicle system is a substitute for the most important safety feature in any vehicle: the driver. However, Volvo is harnessing innovative technologies to help alert drivers to avoid potential collisions and reduce the potential impact speed when a collision cannot be avoided. One of those systems is Collision Warning with Auto Brake where the area in front of the vehicle is continuously monitored with the help of a long-range radar and a forward-sensing wide-angle camera fitted in front of the interior rear-view mirror. A warning and brake support will be provided for collisions with other vehicles, both moving and stationary. Additionally, if the driver does not intervene in spite of the warning and the possible collision is judged to be unavoidable; intervention braking is automatically applied to slow down the car. This aims at reducing impact speeds and thus the risk for consequences. This system has been verified using innovative CAE methods and practical tests. Finally, it is discussed how the benefit of such systems can be judged from real-life safety perspective using traffic accident statistics.
Sequential average segmented microscopy for high signal-to-noise ratio motion-artifact-free in vivo heart imaging (2013)

In vivo imaging is often severely compromised by cardiovascular and respiratory motion. Highly successful motion compensation techniques have been developed for clinical imaging (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging) but the use of more advanced techniques for intravital microscopy is largely unexplored. Here, we implement a sequential cardiorespiratory gating scheme (SCG) for averaged microscopy. We show that SCG is very efficient in eliminating motion artifacts, is highly practical, enables high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in vivo imaging, and yields large field of views. The technique is particularly useful for high-speed data acquisition or for imaging scenarios where the fluorescence signal is not significantly above noise or background levels.
In vivo DNA-launched bispecific T cell engager targeting IL-13Rα2 controls tumor growth in an animal model of glioblastoma multiforme (2022)

Glioblastoma is an aggressive tumor with poor survival rates. Bispecific T cell engagers (BTEs) against different cancers are in various stages of clinical development. Toxicity resulting from cytokine release syndrome and the short half-life of BTEs, which necessitates continuous infusion, complicating delivery and increasing costs, are major challenges in the field. Here we describe the development of <i>in vivo</i> DNA-launched BTEs (dBTEs) with highly focused targeting of interleukin-13 receptor α2 (IL-13Rα2), a glioblastoma cell-surface target. We developed 4 BTEs targeting 2 epitopes of IL-13Rα2 and studied how heavy-light chain orientation affects BTE function. The dBTEs induced T cell activation, cytokine production, and tumor cytolysis in the presence of IL-13Rα2<sup>+</sup> tumor cells, but we observed unique patterns of immune activation. We found a strong correlation between granzyme B secretion and dBTE-induced cytolysis of specific and nonspecific tumors. We down-selected dBTE PB01-forward based on lower cytokine induction profile and highest activation specificity. <i>In vivo</i>, dBTE PB01-forward demonstrated an improved half-life versus intravenous recombinant BTE delivery. In an orthotopic glioblastoma model, dBTE PB01-forward controlled tumor growth, improving animal survival, supporting the hypothesis that the blood-brain barrier does not affect the function of systemically delivered dBTE. Further study of PB01-forward for targeting glioblastoma and other IL-13Rα2<sup>+</sup> cancers is warranted.
Repair bond strength in aged methacrylate- and silorane-based composites. (2013)

For aged silorane-based materials, repairs were considered successful after sandblasting (Al2O3) and adhesive application. For methacrylate resin, repair was successful with all surface treatments tested.
Learning Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2005)

A learning energy management strategy was developed for hybrid electric vehicles to minimize long term fuel consumption and maintain battery charge. The strategy is based on the minimization of a cost function that consists of fuel consumption, change in battery state of charge, and a penalty factor. A learning scheme was developed to adjust the penalty factor for different driving conditions.
Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell-derived Muscle Progenitor Cell Therapy for Stress Urinary Incontinence (2012)

The most promising treatment for stress urinary incontinence can be a cell therapy. We suggest human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) as an alternative cell source. We established the optimum in vitro protocol for the differentiation from hAFSCs into muscle progenitors. These progenitors were transplanted into the injured urethral sphincter and their therapeutic effect was analyzed. For the development of an efficient differentiation system in vitro, we examined a commercial medium, co-culture and conditioned medium (CM) systems. After being treated with CM, hAFSCs were effectively developed into a muscle lineage. The progenitors were integrated into the host urethral sphincter and the host cell differentiation was stimulated in vivo. Urodynamic analysis showed significant increase of leak point pressure and closing pressure. Immunohistochemistry revealed the regeneration of circular muscle mass with normal appearance. Molecular analysis observed the expression of a larger number of target markers. In the immunogenicity analysis, the progenitor group had a scant CD8 lymphocyte. In tumorigenicity, the progenitors showed no teratoma formation. These results suggest that hAFSCs can effectively be differentiated into muscle progenitors in CM and that the hAFSC-derived muscle progenitors are an accessible cell source for the regeneration of injured urethral sphincter.
Infrared Vibrational Molecular Hybridization with a Single Optical Antenna (2015)

We observe impedance matched coupling between molecular vibrations and infrared optical antennas. Broadband synchrotron near-field spectroscopy reveals antenna-vibration hybridization, mode splitting, and tip excitation of coupled dark plasmon modes.
Inhibitory Mechanism of a Cross-class Serpin, the Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen 1 (2003)

The squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) 1 and its homologous molecule, SCCA2, belong to the ovalbumin-serpin family. Although SCCA2 inhibits serine proteinases such as cathepsin G and mast cell chymase, SCCA1 targets cysteine proteinases such as cathepsin S, K, L, and papain. SCCA1 is therefore called a cross-class serpin. The inhibitory mechanism of the standard serpins is well characterized; those use a suicide substrate-like inhibitory mechanism during which an acyl-enzyme intermediate by a covalent bond is formed, and this complex is stable against hydrolysis. However, the inhibitory mechanism of cross-class serpins remains unresolved. In this article, we analyzed the inhibitory mechanism of SCCA1 on a cysteine proteinase, papain. SCCA1 interacted with papain at its reactive site loop, which was then cleaved, as the standard serpins. However, gel-filtration analyses showed that SCCA1 did not form a covalent complex with papain, in contrast to other serpins. Interaction with SCCA1 severely impaired the proteinase activity of papain, probably by inducing conformational change. The decreased, but still existing, proteinase activity of papain was completely inhibited by SCCA1 according to the suicide substrate-like inhibitory mechanism; however, papain recovered its proteinase activity with the compromised level, when all of intact SCCA1 was cleaved. These results suggest that the inhibitory mechanism of SCCA1 is unique among the serpin superfamily in that SCCA1 performs its inhibitory activity in two ways, contributing the suicide substrate-like mechanism without formation of a covalent complex and causing irreversible impairment of the catalytic activity of a proteinase.
Mouse brain fixation to preserve In vivo manganese enhancement for ex vivo manganese‐enhanced MRI (2013)

Aldehyde fixation, not FBMI, maintained in vivo manganese enhancement for ex vivo MEMRI.
MAST: a new sensor for sea ice and sea wind imaging. (1999)

All weather images of sea ice are daily available thanks to passive sensors as SSM/I. They mainly come from the 37 GHz and 19 GHz channel with respectively 35 km and 60 km ground resolution. Mast (standing for millimeter waves aperture synthesis techniques) aims at bringing this ground resolution down to 6 km (DT=1k), by using a larger but fixed 36.5 GHz radiometer with one dimension interferometer techniques. Polarimetry capabilities (measurement of H and V correlation) are also provided at 36.5 GHz with a lower ground resolution, 25 km, and DT=0.1k. The polarimetric data are combined with the second interferometer channel operating at 18.7 GHz in V polarisation in order to retrieve surface wind on ocean.
Ultrafast imaging of cell elasticity with optical microelastography (2018)

Elasticity is a fundamental cellular property that is related to the anatomy, functionality, and pathological state of cells and tissues. However, current techniques based on cell deformation, atomic force microscopy, or Brillouin scattering are rather slow and do not always accurately represent cell elasticity. Here, we have developed an alternative technique by applying shear wave elastography to the micrometer scale. Elastic waves were mechanically induced in live mammalian oocytes using a vibrating micropipette. These audible frequency waves were observed optically at 200,000 frames per second and tracked with an optical flow algorithm. Whole-cell elasticity was then mapped using an elastography method inspired by the seismology field. Using this approach we show that the elasticity of mouse oocytes is decreased when the oocyte cytoskeleton is disrupted with cytochalasin B. The technique is fast (less than 1 ms for data acquisition), precise (spatial resolution of a few micrometers), able to map internal cell structures, and robust and thus represents a tractable option for interrogating biomechanical properties of diverse cell types.
Favorable effects of statins beyond lipid lowering (2006)

3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (or statins) ameliorate disorders including ischemic diseases associated with morbidity and mortality. Although statins improve cardiovascular diseases, they also elicit favorable effects on peripheral arterial disease, cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation recurrence and aortic stenosis, while the risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and osteoporosis is reduced. Statins reduce the migration of leukocytes, inhibit major histocompatibility complex class II and decrease the expression of inflammatory mediators in the CNS; they also inhibit nuclear factor-äB activity, thereby blocking the acceleration of osteoporosis. Statins increase the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells, which augment neovascularization, accelerate re-endothelialization and may improve postischemic cardiac function. Thus, statins have a broad therapeutic effect beyond that of cardioprotection and potentially show great promise in regenerative therapies.
Analysis of a dual domain phosphoglycosyl transferase reveals a ping-pong mechanism with a covalent enzyme intermediate (2017)

Phosphoglycosyl transferases (PGTs) are integral membrane proteins with diverse architectures that catalyze the formation of polyprenol diphosphate-linked glycans via phosphosugar transfer from a nucleotide diphosphate-sugar to a polyprenol phosphate. There are two PGT superfamilies that differ significantly in overall structure and topology. The polytopic PGT superfamily, represented by MraY and WecA, has been the subject of many studies because of its roles in peptidoglycan and O-antigen biosynthesis. In contrast, less is known about a second, extensive superfamily of PGTs that reveals a core structure with dual domain architecture featuring a C-terminal soluble globular domain and a predicted N-terminal membrane-associated domain. Representative members of this superfamily are the <i>Campylobacter</i> PglCs, which initiate N-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis and are implicated in virulence and pathogenicity. Despite the prevalence of dual domain PGTs, their mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we present the mechanistic analysis of PglC, a prototypic dual domain PGT from <i>Campylobacter concisus</i> Using a luminescence-based assay, together with substrate labeling and kinetics-based approaches, complementary experiments were carried out that support a ping-pong mechanism involving a covalent phosphosugar intermediate for PglC. Significantly, mass spectrometry-based approaches identified Asp93, which is part of a highly conserved AspGlu dyad found in all dual domain PGTs, as the active-site nucleophile of the enzyme involved in the formation of the covalent adduct. The existence of a covalent phosphosugar intermediate provides strong support for a ping-pong mechanism of PglC, differing fundamentally from the ternary complex mechanisms of representative polytopic PGTs.