gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF BODY WEIGHT SUPPORTED GAIT TRAINING and FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON GAIT SPEED and CONTROL IN AN INDIVIDUAL WITH A TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY. (2005)

Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine if body weight supported treadmill training (BWS-TT) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) would improve gait speed and endurance in an individual with a traumatic brain injury. Number of Subjects: One. Materials/ Methods: This study had an ABA design. In condition A, the subject participated in BWS-TT for 10 sessions. In condition B, he participated in BWS-TT with the addition of FES for 8 sessions. FES was controlled by a switch placed in the subject's left shoe. Unweighting his leg in pre-swing triggered electrical stimulation to the left peroneal nerve to help increase left swing. In the last phase of the study, the subject again participated in BWS-TT without FES for 5 sessions. During each session, the subject had 30 percent of his weight supported by the BWS system. Treadmill speed, distance, and time walked were recorded for each trial of walking. The subject performed 3 to 4 trials per session. Data Analysis: Distance walked and walking speed per trial were graphed and visually analyzed using cel-eration lines drawn using the split-middle technique. Results: The subject demonstrated improvements in both distance and speed throughout the course of the study. Examination of the celeration lines revealed he was able to sustain a higher level of consistent improvement while using FES. His walking speed on the treadmill improved from 1.1 mph at the start of the study to 1.7 mph at the end of the first set of BWS-TT sessions. Speed increased to 2.2 mph at the end of sessions with BWS-TT and FES. When he resumed BWS-TT only, speed decreased to 2.0 mph; it increased to 2.2 mph at the end of the study. Distance walked per trial improved from 195 feet in the beginning of the study to 369 feet at the end. Conclusions: The use of BWS-TT can be a useful intervention to increase gait speed and walking distance in an individual with a traumatic brain injury. Adding FES during this intervention increased the improvement in this subject. Clinical Relevance: Decreased independence in gait is a frequent functional limitation in individuals with TBI. Using BWS-TT and FES together as interventions may help improve gait speed and endurance. The FES used in this study was relatively inexpensive and easy to apply, making it feasible for clinical use.
Measurements of Beta Ray Spectra Inside Nuclear Generating Stations Using a Silicon Detector Coincidence Telescope: Skin Dose Beta Correction Factors for TL Elements (1996)

Journal Article Measurements of Beta Ray Spectra Inside Nuclear Generating Stations Using a Silicon Detector Coincidence Telescope: Skin Dose Beta Correction Factors for TL Elements Get access Y.S. Horowitz, Y.S. Horowitz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Y. Weizman, Y. Weizman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C.R. Hirning C.R. Hirning Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 64, Issue 3, 1 May 1996, Pages 193–204, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a031574 Published: 01 May 1996
Supplementary Figure S4 from Exploring the Biomechanical Properties of Brain Malignancies and Their Pathologic Determinants <i>In Vivo</i> with Magnetic Resonance Elastography (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S4. Histological evaluation of the vascular phenotype of U-87 MG, RG2 and MDA-MB-231 tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Vacuum-assisted venous drainage during fetal cardiopulmonary bypass. (2006)

Fetal bypass presents several perfusion challenges, including the need for high arterial flow rates using flexible arterial and small venous cannulae. We hypothesized that vacuum-assisted venous drainage (VAVD) would improve drainage and allow perfusion at higher flow rates which are thought to prevent placental dysfunction induced by fetal bypass. We conducted bypass for 60 minutes in 14 fetal lambs (90-105 days gestation; approximately 1-1.5 kg) using a roller pump and various angled venous cannulae (8-12 Fr). VAVD at -20 mm Hg or -40 mm Hg was compared with gravity drainage. Average flow using gravity drainage was 139 ml/kg/min; after VAVD, we achieved average flows of 285 ml/kg/min (range, 109-481 ml/kg/min). VAVD at -40 mm Hg caused right atrial trauma in four fetuses; no injury was seen at -20 mm Hg. Venous air entrainment during repair of the injuries did not result in any apparent air embolism. Spontaneous pulmonary hemorrhage occurred in two fetuses at the highest flows (> or = 400 ml/kg/min). In all but one case, termination of bypass was followed by placental dysfunction within 120 minutes. VAVD can be safely applied during fetal bypass provided pressures are kept < or = -20 mm Hg. However, the achieved higher flow rates do not prevent postbypass placental dysfunction and may indeed be detrimental to the fetus.
Molecular and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of normal stem cell radiosensitivity (2018)

Ionizing radiation (IR) therapy is a major cancer treatment modality and an indispensable auxiliary treatment for primary and metastatic cancers, but invariably results in debilitating organ dysfunctions. IR-induced depletion of neural stem/progenitor cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus where neurogenesis occurs is considered largely responsible for deficiencies such as learning, memory, and spatial information processing in patients subjected to cranial irradiation. Similarly, IR therapy-induced intestinal injuries such as diarrhea and malabsorption are common side effects in patients with gastrointestinal tumors and are believed to be caused by intestinal stem cell drop out. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently used to reinstate blood production in leukemia patients and pre-clinical treatments show promising results in other organs such as the skin and kidney, but ethical issues and logistic problems make this route difficult to follow. An alternative way to restore the injured tissue is to preserve the stem cell pool located in that specific tissue/organ niche, but stem cell response to ionizing radiation is inadequately understood at the molecular mechanistic level. Although embryonic and fetal hypersensity to IR has been very well known for many decades, research on embryonic stem cell models in culture concerning molecular mechanisms have been largely inconclusive and often in contradiction of the in vivo observations. This review will summarize the latest discoveries on stem cell radiosensitivity, highlighting the possible molecular and epigenetic mechanism(s) involved in DNA damage response and programmed cell death after ionizing radiation therapy specific to normal stem cells. Finally, we will analyze the possible contribution of stem cell-specific chromatin's epigenetic constitution in promoting normal stem cell radiosensitivity.
Size-dependent enhancement of passive microwave rectification in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (2022)

Spintronic rf detectors are efficient nanoscale counterparts to conventional semiconductor-based components for energy harvesting and wireless communication at low input power. Here, we report on the optimization of the rectified output dc voltage using magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with strong perpendicular anisotropy of both the polarizing and free layers. The magnetization of the polarizing layer is fixed out-of-plane, while the free layer thickness is adjusted so that its magnetization orientation changes from in-plane to out-of-plane. Rectification dc output voltages in the mV range are obtained for moderate rf source powers with a signal-to-noise ratio of 26–39 dB for Prf = −25 dBm and a sensitivity ε of 300 mV/mW. The rectified signal shows a strong dependence on MTJ dimensions: it increases by a factor of 5–6 when reducing the diameter from 180 to 50 nm. Furthermore, this enhancement can be doubled when reducing the free layer thickness from 1.8 to 1.6 nm. This size-related enhancement is attributed to several jointly acting effects: the amplitude of the spin transfer torque that depends inversely on the diameter, the effective anisotropy that depends on the thickness of the excited layer, and the tunneling magneto-resistance ratio that for the devices studied here depends on diameter. The obtained results indicate that the geometry of the MTJ can be used to design spintronic based rf detectors with optimized sensitivity.
Ensuring energy efficiency of power quality applications in smart grids through a framework based on Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (2015)

This paper presents FraSEE, a framework whose goal is to increase the energy efficiency (EE) of smart grid applications, specifically for the Power Quality (PQ) application domain. The key idea is to use a Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network (WSAN) and decentralize the decision processes of such applications among WSAN nodes through information fusion. Experiments assessed FraSEE effectiveness in increasing the EE of a PQ application, its accuracy, i.e. correct PQ disturbance detections, considering the influence of environmental parameters in decision process, its overhead, i.e. WSAN resources consumption; and delay for performing control actions in response to decisions.
A Time-Resolved Fluorescence Diphenylhexatriene (DPH) Anisotropy Characterization of a Series of Model Lipid Constructs for the Sperm Plasma Membrane (2006)

We present a steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy analysis, using the probe diphenylhexatriene (DPH), of a hierarchical series of lipid membrane constructs that have been designed to resemble sperm plasma membranes. Anisotropy and lipid order parameters determined for the model membranes are compared to those of lipid membranes reconstituted from rabbit sperm plasma membranes. In addition, we study the response of all membrane systems to surfactant attack. The surfactants used in this investigation have current or potential use as spermicidal and antimicrobial agents. We show that our highest-level approximation of the sperm plasma membrane captures the essential characteristics of the sperm extract membranes, in terms of lipid order and response to surfactant attack. Our studies also highlight the importance of sphingomyelin as a regulator of membrane properties and also show indirect evidence of lateral phase separation in the membrane constructs that contain both cholesterol and sphingomyelin, as revealed by a preservation of lipid order under surfactant attack.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Polyphenylenes in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid Butylpyridinium Chloride–AlCl3 (2019)

Electrochemical oxidation of benzene in room-temperature ionic liquids N‑butylpyridinium chloride–AlCl3 under controlling the potential on platinum and glassy carbon composite electrodes is studied. Linear polymers with degree of polymerization of 8–120 are obtained. It is shown that the degree of polymerization increases with increasing the anode potential.
Real-Time Monitoring of Video Quality in IP Networks (2008)

This paper investigates the problem of assessing the quality of video transmitted over IP networks. Our goal is to develop a methodology that is both reasonably accurate and simple enough to support the large-scale deployments that the increasing use of video over IP are likely to demand. For that purpose, we focus on developing an approach that is capable of mapping network statistics, e.g., packet losses, available from simple measurements, to the quality of video sequences reconstructed by receivers. A first step in that direction is a loss-distortion model that accounts for the impact of network losses on video quality, as a function of application-specific parameters such as video codec, loss recovery technique, coded bit rate, packetization, video characteristics, etc. The model, although accurate, is poorly suited to large-scale, on-line monitoring, because of its dependency on parameters that are difficult to estimate in real-time. As a result, we introduce a ldquorelative qualityrdquo metric (rPSNR) that bypasses this problem by measuring video quality against a quality benchmark that the network is expected to provide. The approach offers a lightweight video quality monitoring solution that is suitable for large-scale deployments. We assess its feasibility and accuracy through extensive simulations and experiments.
Development of a Yeast Two-Hybrid Screen for Selection of Human Ras-Raf Protein Interaction Inhibitors (2005)

A yeast two-hybrid screening system was developed to screen for small molecules that inhibit the interaction of the Ras and the Raf proteins. Hyperpermeable yeast strains useful for high-throughput screening (HTS) for the two-hybrid system were created. Differential inhibition of the Ras-Raf vs the hsRPB4-hsRPB7 interaction allowed the identification of selective inhibitors.
Theory and Design Methodology for Reverse-Modulated Dual-Branch Power Amplifiers Applied to a 4G/5G Broadband GaN MMIC PA Design (2021)

This article presents a generalized theory and new design methodology for reverse-load-modulated dual-branch (RMDB) power amplifiers (PAs), which uses a current-biased transistor in the main branch to realize optimal load modulation without using the impedance transformers at the output of the PAs. Consequently, this topology offers a proper load modulation mechanism over a wider frequency bandwidth. Besides, smaller output matching network (OMN) footprint and lower loss are suitable features for monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) designs. The proposed theory can be applied for symmetrical and asymmetrical designs to realize different output power back-off (OPBO) ranges. The theory and design methodology were used to design the first MMIC RMDB PA. The broad bandwidth of this design (2.6-3.8 GHz) allows it to cover multiple bands in 4th-generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 5th-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) standards. Under continuous wave (CW) excitation, the experimental results show a drain efficiency (DE) higher than 58% at peak output power (POP) and 37% at 9 dB OPBO, over the whole frequency band.
Nonlinear control of a pneumatic muscle actuator: backstepping vs. sliding-mode (2002)

This paper weighs up the pros and cons of three different tracking controllers for a pneumatic muscle actuator: robust backstepping, adaptive backstepping and sliding-mode. Robustness is assured for three controllers in the presence of model uncertainties and external perturbations. Ultimate boundedness is proved for the robust and adaptive backstepping tracking controller. Exponential stability is proved for the sliding-mode tracking controller. The tracking is well achieved by the sliding-mode and the adaptive controller. On the contrary, the robust backstepping shows a noticeable tracking error. The sliding-mode leads to a high-frequency switching control law.
Capture of Phosphopeptides Using α-Zirconium Phosphate Nanoplatelets (2008)

Alpha-zirconium phosphate nanoplatelets (alpha-ZrPN) were studied as a binding agent for phosphopeptides. Nanoplatelets of alpha-zirconium phosphate were incubated overnight with zirconium oxychloride, followed by centrifugation, and washed twice with water followed by an aqueous solution of 80% acetonitrile to form the binding agent. Alpha-ZrPN were able specifically to capture phosphoserine-containing peptides from a tryptic digest of a complex peptide mixture in which its abundance was only 0.05%. Alpha-ZrPN also bound peptides containing phosphothreonine and phosphotyrosine. The limit of detection for phosphopeptides is approximately 2 fmol, based on using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Alpha-ZrPN were applied for the analysis of tryptic digests of mouse liver and leukemia cell phosphoproteomes and succeeded in identifying 158 phosphopeptides (209 phosphorylation sites) from 101 phosphoproteins in mouse liver lysate and 78 phosphopeptides (104 phosphorylation sites) from 59 phosphoproteins in leukemia cell extract. For these two tryptic digests, the alpha-ZrPN approach is able to capture more phosphopeptides than that obtained from TiO2 particles or from Fe(3+)-IMAC beads, but each method is able to bind some phosphopeptides that the others do not.
Impact of smoking on the quantity and quality of antibodies induced by human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 AS04-adjuvanted virus-like-particle vaccine – a pilot study (2014)

Our data suggest that while smoking does not interfere with the quantity of vaccine-induced peak IgG levels, it may affect the avidity of IgG induced by HPV16/18 vaccination.
Recent developments in large‐area photomasks for display applications (2001)

Abstract— One of the most critical areas in the manufacturing process for FPD panels or shadow masks for CRTs is lithography. Most existing lithography technologies require high‐quality large‐area photomasks. The requirements on these photomasks include positioning accuracy (registration) and repeatability (overlay), systematic image quality errors (“mura” or display quality), and resolution (minimum feature size). The general trend toward higher resolution and improved performance, e.g. , for TFT desktop monitors, has put a strong focus on the specifications for large‐area‐display photomasks. This article intends to give an overview of the dominant issues for large‐area‐display photomasks, and illustrates differences compared with other applications. The article will also present state‐of‐the‐art methods and trends. In particular, the aspects of positioning accuracy over large areas and systematic image‐quality errors will be described. New qualitative and objective methods have been developed as means to capture systematic image‐quality errors. Results indicating that errors below 25 nm can be found early in the manufacturing process is presented, thus allowing inspection for visual effects before the actual display is completed. Positioning accuracy below 400 nm (3 sigma) over 720 × 560 mm have been achieved. These results will in the future be extended up toward 1 × 1 m for generation 4 in TFT‐LCD production.
Feeding Concept for a Multisector Antenna System (2008)

A novel feeding concept of a multisector antenna system is presented in this paper. The feeding concept is particularly well suited for an antenna system working over a relatively wide frequency bandwidth and requiring simultaneous excitation of variable number of beams with a constant equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP). Its practical implementation on a multi-layer 25 N Arlon substrate to feed a 4-sector planar antenna system for a mesh network shows interesting results over the full 5 GHz Wi-Fi bandwidth.
Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote Anatomical Containment of Lymphoid-Resident Commensal Bacteria (2012)

The mammalian intestinal tract is colonized by trillions of beneficial commensal bacteria that are anatomically restricted to specific niches. However, the mechanisms that regulate anatomical containment remain unclear. Here, we show that interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are present in intestinal tissues of healthy mammals. Depletion of ILCs resulted in peripheral dissemination of commensal bacteria and systemic inflammation, which was prevented by administration of IL-22. Disseminating bacteria were identified as Alcaligenes species originating from host lymphoid tissues. Alcaligenes was sufficient to promote systemic inflammation after ILC depletion in mice, and Alcaligenes-specific systemic immune responses were associated with Crohn's disease and progressive hepatitis C virus infection in patients. Collectively, these data indicate that ILCs regulate selective containment of lymphoid-resident bacteria to prevent systemic inflammation associated with chronic diseases.
Robust, High-Performing Maize–Perovskite-Based Solar Cells with Improved Stability (2021)

Herein, we focus on improving the long-term chemical and thermomechanical stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), two major challenges currently limiting their commercial deployment. Our strategy incorporates a long-chain starch polymer into the perovskite precursor. The starch polymer confers multiple beneficial effects by forming hydrogen bonds with the methylammonium iodide precursor, templating perovskite growth that results in a compact and homogeneous film deposited in a simple one-step coating (antisolvent-free). The inclusion of starch in the methylammonium lead iodide films strongly improves their thermomechanical and environmental stability while maintaining a high photovoltaic performance. The fracture energy (<i>G</i> <sub>c</sub>) of the film is increased to above 5 J/m<sup>2</sup> by creating a nanocomposite that provides intrinsic reinforcement at grain boundaries. Additionally, improved optoelectronic properties achieved with the starch polymer enable good photostability of the active layer and enhanced resistance to thermal cycling.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (9)(3,6)‐S‐TETRAZINOPHANE (1981)

Abstract Aus dem Cyclododecantrion‐monoxim (I) erhält man mit Hydrazin das verbrückte Nitrosopyrazol (II), das mit Phosphorpentachlorid zum Chlor‐nitril (IIIa) führt.
Timely stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for spine metastases using a rapidly deployable automated planning algorithm (2016)

The Rapid Spine plan method yields timely and dosimetrically reasonable SBRT plans which meet RTOG 0631 objectives and are suitable for rapid yet robust pretreatment quality assurance followed by expedited treatment delivery. RaSp plans reduce the tradeoff between rapid treatment and optimal dosimetry in urgent cases and limited resource situations.
Compression behavior ofM2AlC(M=Ti, V, Cr, Nb, and Ta) phases to above50GPa (2006)

The compression behavior of the hexagonal $MAX$ phases ${M}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$ ($M=\mathrm{Ti}$, V, Cr, Nb, and Ta)---selected because they represent two series; a horizontal series in which the atomic number of the $M$ element increases from 23 to 25 and a vertical series where the $M$ element (V, Nb, or Ta) belongs to the $\mathrm{V}A$ group---were measured as a function of quasihydrostatic pressure up to $55\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$, using a synchrotron radiation source and a diamond-anvil cell. No phase transformations were observed in any of these compounds. The contractions for the Ti- and V-containing compositions were higher along the $c$ axis than along the $a$ axis; the opposite was true for ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$ and ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$. In ${\mathrm{Ta}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$, the shrinkages in both directions are almost identical. For ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$ the bulk modulus ${K}_{0}$ is $201\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$. As V is substituted by Nb, ${K}_{0}$ increases by 4%. The ${K}_{0}$ of ${\mathrm{Ta}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$, $251\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$, is the highest reported for any $MAX$ phase to date. For ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$, ${K}_{0}$ is $186\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$. As Ti is substituted by V, ${K}_{0}$ increases by 8%. Surprisingly, the substitution of Ti or V by Cr leads to a reduction in ${K}_{0}$ to $165\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$. With the notable exception of ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$, the agreement between experimental and calculated ${K}_{0}$ values is acceptable. The presence of C in these structures appears to have a stabilizing effect on the $M\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Al}$ bonds, presumably by attracting electrons to the $M\text{\ensuremath{-}}X$ bonds.