gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Definition of the interacting interfaces of Apobec3G and HIV-1 Vif using MAPPIT mutagenesis analysis (2009)

The host restriction factor Apobec3G is a cytidine deaminase that incorporates into HIV-1 virions and interferes with viral replication. The HIV-1 accessory protein Vif subverts Apobec3G by targeting it for proteasomal degradation. We propose a model in which Apobec3G N-terminal domains symmetrically interact via a head-to-head interface containing residues 122 RLYYFW 127. To validate this model and to characterize the Apobec3G-Apobec3G and the Apobec3G-Vif interactions, the mammalian protein-protein interaction trap two-hybrid technique was used. Mutations in the head-to-head interface abrogate the Apobec3G-Apobec3G interaction. All mutations that inhibit Apobec3G-Apobec3G binding also inhibit the Apobec3G-Vif interaction, indicating that the head-to head interface plays an important role in the interaction with Vif. Only the D128K, P129A and T32Q mutations specifically affect the Apobec3G-Vif association. In our model, D128, P129 and T32 cluster at the edge of the head-to-head interface, possibly forming a Vif binding site composed of two Apobec3G molecules. We propose that Vif either binds at the Apobec3G head-to-head interface or associates with an RNA-stabilized Apobec3G oligomer.
Sol-gel derived hybrid nanocomposites in porous semicrystalline polymers (2004)

Nanocomposites of porous isotactic polypropylene (PP) - silica were synthesized by combining solid-state and a hybridization approach. The 1H NMR, 29Si solid-state NMR, and FT-IR data indicate that silane may graft onto PP and be incorporated in the formation of silica. The 29Si solid-state NMR showed that silica-clusters structures are formed predominantly, close to perfect silica. ATR FT-IR data of PP-silica macroparticles indicate silane grafting on the surface and inside the particles. Typical size (30-100 nm) and near-spherical shape of in-situ formed silica particles were detd. by SEM
In VitroEvaluation of Nanoparticle Formulations Containing Gangliosides (1994)

Due to their poor bioavailability after oral administration, the use of gangliosides in medicine is limited to the parenteral route of administration. In the present study, the association with poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanospheres and nanocapsules of monosialoganglioside GM1 and other chemically modified gangliosides was investigated with the aim of developing a colloidal drug delivery system suitable for use by the oral route. Our results show that gangliosides can be successfully associated with a biodegradable cyanoacrylic carrier either in the form of nanospheres or as nanocapsules, avoiding any degradation of the ganglioside molecule during the polymerization process. However, the drug-loading was found to be more efficient for nanocapsules. The amount of GM1 incorporated into nanospheres appeared to be dependent on the alkyl chain length of the cyanoacrylic polymer; this amount was however too low for pharmaceutical purposes. In contrast, nanocapsules allowed the attainment of very high drug encapsulation levels, especially with lipophilic derivatives of GM1, where an increase of lipophilicity has been obtained by chemical esterification of the sialic acid residue. Drug release experiments performed in the absence of enzymes indicated that nanocapsules were stable in acid medium, in which no drug release was observed, while their behaviour in basic medium was found to be affected by the composition of the oily phase and the oil/polymer ratio.
Aerodynamic Improvement of a Transonic Fan Outlet Guide Vane Using 3D Design Optimization (2011)

In this paper we follow the process of rapid design improvement for the fan outlet guide vane for a turbofan powering a very light jet. The small size of such engines leads to a low Reynolds number, resulting in flow-fields prone to boundary layer separation, causing significant losses in efficiency. This paper studies experimental testing in a scale rig, and numerical simulation using CFD, leading to the comparison of the two datasets and hence assessment of the numerical technique. The mesh employed by the CFD simulation was modified using Free Form Deformation to create different geometric designs, and hence an optimization scheme was subsequently utilized to find the deformation of 28 variables which maximized aerodynamic performance. The final optimized design displayed a novel oscillatory casing profile, while the blade shape had increased camber relative to the baseline. The improvement in pressure loss was approximately 20% across the range of operating conditions studied.
A Study of Received Power in Distributed Wireless Power Transfer System (2020)

Recently, microwave wireless power transfer (MWPT) for loT devices has been researched. However, there are some problems with high-power microwave transmission such as effect on the human body, interference to other devices and cost. In this study, we propose a distributed MWPT system that enables to reducing of transmitted power density and improving the received power level. By the simulation and experiment, the effectiveness of the distributed MWPT system has been shown.
Nano slot-antenna array refractive index sensors: approaching the conventional theoretical limit of the figure of merit (2015)

We demonstrate a refractive index (RI) detection technique based on an array of nanometer scale slot-antennas milled in a thin gold layer using a single lithographic step. Our experimental Figures of merit (FOMs) of 140-210 in the telecom wavelength range approach the fundamental limit for standard propagating SPR sensors (~250). The underlying mechanism enabling such high FOMs is the combination of a narrowband resonance of the slot-antennas with degeneracy breaking of Wood’s anomaly under slightly non-perpendicular illumination. In addition, we study the sensitivity of the thickness of the analyte layer. This concept can be easily tuned to any desired wavelength and RI range by modifying the slot dimensions and the array spacing, thus rendering it highly attractive for numerous sensing applications.
Efficiency of cathodoluminescent phosphors for a field-emission light source application (2003)

The efficiency of major types of cathodoluminescent phosphors has been investigated at high-brightness (up to 30 000 cd/m2) operational conditions using thermionic electron source. The accelerating voltage was varied from 4 to 14 kV and electron beam current density was independently varied from 2 to 50 μA/cm2. Under those conditions both thermal quenching and current saturation of the phosphors were observed. Due to combined influence of those factors, it was found that the best way to characterize the phosphor is plotting the efficiency (in lm/W) versus the specific power density (in mW/cm2) graph. The resulting plots show the integrated influence of current loading and elevated temperature on the phosphor efficiency. The best efficiencies at 200 mW/cm2 and 10 kV were measured for a green color phosphor −55 lm/W, for a blue one—10 lm/W, and for a red—13 lm/W.
Evolution of the Ethane Architecture (2009)

Abstract : The Ethane architecture, developed at Stanford University, demonstrated that a novel approach to building secure networks could support superior low-level security and flexible policy-based control over individual flows. However, Ethane only provided operators with a single function: policy-based access control. Moreover, Ethane's policy was expressed in a language that did not have a rigorous logical foundation. Almost a year of subsequent work, reported on here, extended Ethane to address these two shortcomings. First, the Ethane architecture was evolved from Ethane's narrowly targeted design to a fully general network operating system called NOX, which provides users with full-blown programmatic interface. Second, the policy language has evolved from the Ethane's primitive pol-eth to a much more powerful and rigorously analyzed Flow-Based Security Language (FSL). This report describes these two advances.
Tough nanopaper structures based on cellulose nanofibers and carbon nanotubes (2013)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites based on CNT in a polymer matrix typically have low strain to failure in tensile loading. Furthermore, mixing of more than a few percent of CNT with either molten thermoplastics or monomers in bulk often results in agglomeration of CNT. Here, multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) are mixed with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) in aqueous suspension and filtered into tough nanopaper structures with up to 17 wt% of MWCNT commingled with NFC nanofibrils. Carbon nanotubes were surface treated with a surfactant, and homogenous suspensions of carbon nanotubes in water miscible with the NFC suspension was obtained. NFC/CNT nanopaper structures were characterized for porosity using mercury displacement, and studied by FE-SEM and AFM. Mechanical properties were tested in uniaxial tension and electrical conductivity was measured. The processing route is environmentally friendly and leads to well-mixed structures. Thin coatings as well as thicker films can be prepared, which show a combination of high electrical conductivity, flexibility in bending and high tensile strength.
Phase transformation mechanisms involved in excimer laser crystallization of amorphous silicon films (1993)

We have investigated the phase transformation mechanisms and the resulting microstructures of excimer laser-induced crystallization of amorphous Si films on SiO2. It is shown that the process can be characterized into two major regimes, based on the dependence of the grain size and the melt duration as a function of the incident energy density. It is found that at the transition between the two regimes, exceedingly large grain-sized polycrystalline films can be obtained. We call this the super lateral growth phenomenon, and propose a model based on liquid-phase regrowth from the residual solid seeds when near-complete melting of the Si film occurs.
A double grouping proble in generalized cell formation solved simultaneously by an adapted grouping genetic algorithm (sigga) (2009)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Nonpolar III-nitride vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a photoelectrochemically etched air-gap aperture (2016)

We demonstrate a III-nitride nonpolar vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a photoelectrochemically (PEC) etched aperture. The PEC lateral undercut etch is used to selectively remove the multi-quantum well (MQW) region outside the aperture area, defined by an opaque metal mask. This PEC aperture (PECA) creates an air-gap in the passive area of the device, allowing one to achieve efficient electrical confinement within the aperture, while simultaneously achieving a large index contrast between core of the device (the MQW within the aperture) and the lateral cladding of the device (the air-gap formed by the PEC etch), leading to strong lateral confinement. Scanning electron microscopy and focused ion-beam analysis is used to investigate the precision of the PEC etch technique in defining the aperture. The fabricated single mode PECA VCSEL shows a threshold current density of ∼22 kA/cm2 (25 mA), with a peak output power of ∼180 μW, at an emission wavelength of 417 nm. The near-field emission profile shows a clearly defined single linearly polarized (LP) mode profile (LP12,1), which is in contrast to the filamentary lasing that is often observed in III-nitride VCSELs. 2D mode profile simulations, carried out using COMSOL, give insight into the different mode profiles that one would expect to be displayed in such a device. The experimentally observed single mode operation is proposed to be predominantly a result of poor current spreading in the device. This non-uniform current spreading results in a higher injected current at the periphery of the aperture, which favors LP modes with high intensities near the edge of the aperture.
Ointment (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Blind channel equalization in GI-less OFDM systems using property restoral (2010)

We introduce a new low complexity equalizer for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing systems with virtual carriers. The proposed equalizer utilizes the existing redundancy in the frequency domain to completely eliminate the effects of inter-symbol-interference. We prove the usage of frequency domain redundancy is effective to extract the transmitted signals.
1 MHz Ultrafast High Order Cascaded VUV Generation in Negative Curvature Hollow Fibers (2019)

We demonstrate cascaded harmonic generation to 9th harmonic (115nm) of 1040nm in a negative curvature hollow fiber filled with Xenon gas. By injecting the fundamental and second harmonic of a commercial ultrafast fiber laser at 1040nm and 520nm respectively, 3rd harmonic is generated with sufficient efficiency to produce phase matched harmonics at the 4th (260nm), 5th (205nm), 6th (173nm), 7th (148nm), 8th (130nm), and 9th (115nm) from a non-resonant cascaded harmonic generation process.
Zero-Order Phased Fiber Arrays (2010)

Phased arrays remain an important strategy for scaling average power and pulse energy in optical fiber lasers. In zero-order arrays, the lengths of the constituent lasers or amplifiers are matched to within the coherence length of a pulse; for fibers having bandwidths on the order of one nanometer, lengths must be matched to 1 mm; for fiber having bandwidths on the order of 30 nm (pulse duration of 100 fs), lengths must be matched to 30 {micro}m. The overarching goal of this work has been to demonstrate a scaling path to 10 mJ pulses from an array of fiber lasers, with each fiber contributing roughly 1 mJ of energy. The near term goals were, and remain, two-fold. First, to demonstrate that arrays of fiber amplifier chains can be created having path length differences on the order of sub-picoseconds. This has been accomplished, showing that sub-nanojoule, 200 fs pulses can be split into an array of four chains, each chain amplified with a single preamp, and the outputs can be recombined within the coherence length of the pulses. The second near term goal, stabilizing the phase through active feedback, is not yet complete. The strategy has been to generate an out-of-band CW seed signal that is monitored to account for fluctuations in path length that occur between pulses. At this point the necessary hardware is in place, but the control electronics are not. We expect the co-phasing work to continue under separate funding, though in a simpler form. Instead of combining pulses from many amplifiers we would combine many sequential pulses from a single fiber laser via a resonant cavity. Such a scheme is less expensive to build and test (and eventually, to field), though significant technical hurdles must be overcome, including the development of a low-loss mechanism for releasing the energy that is built up within the cavity.
System-level design of continuous/discrete-time heterogeneous systems applied to high-speed serial link (2008)

Many existing and future systems are and will be composed by several significantly heterogeneous modules, including both continuous and discrete components. This broad class of systems includes analog/mixed-signal systems composed of RF, analog, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversions, and recently, a large number of mixed-signal chips where at least part of the chip design needs to measure signals with high precision. Comparing with the digital circuits, these chips have very different design and process technology demands. This paper presents an approach for system-level design of continuous/discrete systems, focusing the role of the bottom-up iterations. The approach is applied to the design of a high-speed serial link.
Fabrication of monodisperse magnetic nanorods for improving hyperthermia efficacy (2021)

This increase in SAR, especially at low field strengths, is crucial for treating deep tumors, such as pancreatic and rectal cancers, by avoiding the generation of harmful eddy current heating in normal tissues.
Modeling Two Dimensional Touch Pointing (2020)

Modeling touch pointing is essential to touchscreen interface development and research, as pointing is one of the most basic and common touch actions users perform on touchscreen devices. Finger-Fitts Law [4] revised the conventional Fitts' law into a 1D (one-dimensional) pointing model for finger touch by explicitly accounting for the fat finger ambiguity (absolute error) problem which was unaccounted for in the original Fitts' law. We generalize Finger-Fitts law to 2D touch pointing by solving two critical problems. First, we extend two of the most successful 2D Fitts law forms to accommodate finger ambiguity. Second, we discovered that using nominal target width and height is a conceptually simple yet effective approach for defining amplitude and directional constraints for 2D touch pointing across different movement directions. The evaluation shows our derived 2D Finger-Fitts law models can be both principled and powerful. Specifically, they outperformed the existing 2D Fitts' laws, as measured by the regression coefficient and model selection information criteria (e.g., Akaike Information Criterion) considering the number of parameters. Finally, 2D Finger-Fitts laws also advance our understanding of touch pointing and thereby serve as the basis for touch interface designs.
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Is Required for Glycoprotein 130-mediated Induction of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Cardiac Myocytes (2000)

Activation of glycoprotein (gp) 130 transduces hypertrophic and cytoprotective signals in cardiac myocytes. In the present study, we have demonstrated that signals through gp130 increase the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cardiac myocytes via the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 pathway. After activation of gp130 with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), expression of VEGF mRNA rapidly increased with a peak at 3 h in cultured cardiac myocytes. Cardiotrophin-1 also enhanced VEGF mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. VEGF protein production and secretion to the medium were also enhanced by LIF and cardiotrophin-1 but not by interleukin-6. Adenovirus transfer of the dominant-negative form of STAT3 to cultured cardiac myocytes inhibited induction of VEGF expression induced by LIF, but neither PD98059 nor wortmannin was affected. In murine hearts, intravenous administration of LIF augmented expression of VEGF mRNA; however, the hearts of transgenic mice overexpressing dominant-negative STAT3 showed reduced expression of VEGF mRNA that was not induced after LIF stimulation. These data provide the first evidence that a STAT family protein functions as a regulator of angiogenic growth factors and suggest that gp130/STAT signaling in cardiac myocytes can control vessel growth during cardiac remodeling.
Nonparametric Item Response Theory: A Maturing and Applicable Measurement Modeling Approach (2001)

The papers in this Special Issue are briefly discussed. The practical applicability of nonparametric item response theory (NIRT), NIRT's capacity to address fundamental modeling issues and to function effectively with smaller sample sizes than parametric item response theory (PIRT), along with how NIRT addresses lack-of-fit issues, are emphasized. NIRT assesses latent multidimensionality using item pair conditional covariances and other approaches. This and the relation of latent multidimensionality analyses to construct validity are discussed. The need for NIRT analyses to provide analogues for users to the parameters supplied by PIRT analyses, is stressed. The interaction between fundamental order relationships and polytomous NIRT is discussed. It is concluded that NIRT is an important area of research that should continue to be emphasized in the future.
Suppression of anomalous threshold voltage increase with area scaling for Mg- or La-incorporated high-k/Metal gate nMISFETs in deeply scaled region (2010)

Anomalous threshold voltage increase with area scaling of Mg- or La-incorporated high-k gate dielectrics has great impact on scaled devices. This paper reveals that much amount of Mg or La capping effects for V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> reduction was disappeared with the increase of electron mobility in narrow channel nMISFETs. This phenomenon is explained with absorption of Mg and La into STI from bulk high-k layer. The key to suppress the area scaling dependence is pilling Mg or La atoms up near high-k/IFL interface which enable us increase of stable capping effect. Combination of processing for high-k gate dielectrics and device structure with the high-k dielectrics under offset spacers was found to effectively suppress the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> increase at the 100 nm channel width. As a conclusion, the large capping effect for V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> reduction over 400 mV is achieved in scaled devices using this technique.