gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-eddy simulation and experimental study of heat transfer, nitric oxide emissions and combustion instability in a swirled turbulent high-pressure burner (2007)

Nitric oxide formation in gas turbine combustion depends on four key factors: flame stabilization, heat transfer, fuel–air mixing and combustion instability. The design of modern gas turbine burners requires delicate compromises between fuel efficiency, emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and combustion stability. Burner designs allowing substantial NO x reduction are often prone to combustion oscillations. These oscillations also change the NO x fields. Being able to predict not only the main species field in a burner but also the pollutant and the oscillation levels is now a major challenge for combustion modelling. This must include a realistic treatment of unsteady acoustic phenomena (which create instabilities) and also of heat transfer mechanisms (convection and radiation) which control NO x generation. In this work, large-eddy simulation (LES) is applied to a realistic gas turbine combustion chamber configuration where pure methane is injected through multiple holes in a cone-shaped burner. In addition to a non-reactive simulation, this article presents three reactive simulations and compares them to experimental results. The first reactive simulation neglects effects of cooling air on flame stabilization and heat losses by radiation and convection. The second reactive simulation shows how cooling air and heat transfer affect nitric oxide emissions. Finally, the third reactive simulation shows the effects of combustion instability on nitric oxide emissions. Additionally, the combustion instability is analysed in detail, including the evaluation of the terms in the acoustic energy equation and the identification of the mechanism driving the oscillation. Results confirm that LES of gas turbine combustion requires not only an accurate chemical scheme and realistic heat transfer models but also a proper description of the acoustics in order to predict nitric oxide emissions and pressure oscillation levels simultaneously.
Relations between Kullback-Leibler distance and Fisher information (2002)

The Kullback-Leibler distance between two probability densities that are parametric perturbations of each other is related to the Fisher information. We generalize this relationship to the case when the perturbations may not be small and when the two densities are non-parametric.
Z-Interconnect Technology - A Reliable, Cost Efficient Solution for High Density, High Performance Electronic Packaging (2014)

Common themes across all segments of electronic packaging today are density and performance. High density interconnect (HDI) technology is one of the most commonly utilized methods for electronic package density improvement, while many different areas have been investigated for performance improvement, from low loss dielectric and conductor materials, to via design and via stub reduction. Electrical performance and density requirements are sometimes complementary, but often times, conflicting with one another. This paper will describe the design, materials, fabrication, and reliability of a new Z-Interconnect technology that addresses both high density and high performance demands simultaneously. Z-Interconnect technology uses an electrically conductive adhesive to electrically interconnect several cores (Full Z) or sub-composites (Sub Z) in a single lamination process. Z-Interconnect technology will be compared and contrasted to other commonly used solutions to the performance and density challenges. HDI or sequential build-up technology is a pervasive solution to the density demands in semiconductor packaging and consumer electronics (e.g. Smart phones), but has not caught hold in HPC or A&amp;D printed wiring board (PWB) applications. One solution for PWB electrical performance enhancement is plated through hole (PTH) stub reduction by “back drilling” the unwanted portion of the PTH. Pb-free reflow and Current Induced Thermal Cycling (CITC) test results of product coupons and specially designed test vehicles, having component pitches down to 0.4mm, will be presented. Z-Interconnect test vehicles have survived 6X Pb-free (260C) reflow cycles, followed by greater than 3000 cycles of 23C–150C CITC cycles. Test vehicle and product coupons also easily survive 10 or more 23C–260C CITC cycles.
Physical activity in hemodialysis patients on nondialysis and dialysis days: Prospective observational study (2021)

ESKD participants receiving hemodialysis are frequently sedentary, and differences appear more pronounced in older patients. These findings may assist in designing patient-centered interventions to increase physical activity among hemodialysis patients.
CLP-based multifrequency test generation for analog circuits (2002)

In our previous work we elaborated a multifrequency test generation method (TPG) for detecting parametric and catastrophic faults in linear analog circuits. The method was formulated as an optimization problem which was solved by Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP), a non-linear programming method available in MATLAB. Such standard optimization methods are based on and process local information and consequently cannot guarantee a global optimum. In this paper we propose a method based on Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) that solves the optimization problem in TPG as a series of Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs). Our TPG method is fully automatic and provides right and guaranteed bounds on the global optima of a nonlinear function. The TPG method was implemented in CLP(BNR) Prolog. First, we illustrate the effectiveness of our approach on a number of nonlinear functions known to be difficult, and then we apply it to a realistic electronic circuit in the context of TPG. The two methods produce the same results except for one case where SQP falls into a local minimum. This could lead to a wrong test selection. Moreover, while the TPG took over a week of work using SQP, it was solved in a matter of minutes using CLP.
Michellamine B, a novel plant alkaloid, inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-induced cell killing by at least two distinct mechanisms (1995)

Studies of the mechanism of action of michellamine B, a novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) alkaloid from the tropical plant Ancistrocladus korupensis, have revealed that the compound acts at two distinct stages of the HIV life cycle. The compound had no direct effect on HIV virions and did not block the initial binding of HIV to target cells. Postinfection time course studies revealed that the agent partially inhibited HIV-induced cell killing and syncytium formation when added up to 48 h following acute infection; however, viral reproduction was fully inhibited only when the compound was added immediately after infection. Time-limited treatments of HIV-infected cells revealed that michellamine B had to be present continuously to provide maximum antiviral protection. HIV replication in cells in which infection was already fully established or in chronically infected cells was unaffected by michellamine B. Biochemical studies showed that michellamine B inhibited the enzymatic activities of reverse transcriptases (RTs) from both HIV type 1 and HIV type 2 as well as two different nonnucleoside drug-resistant RTs with specific amino acid substitutions. In addition, human DNA polymerases alpha and beta were inhibited by the alkaloid. Michellamine B exerted a potent dose-dependent inhibition of cell fusion in two independent cell-based fusion assays. Thus, michellamine B acts both at an early stage of the HIV life cycle by inhibiting RT as well as at later stages by inhibiting cellular fusion and syncytium formation.
CHLOROPLAST UNUSUAL POSITIONING 1 is a new type of actin nucleation factor in plants (2020)

SUMMARY Plants have evolved unique responses to fluctuating light conditions in their environment. One such response, chloroplast photorelocation movement, optimizes photosynthesis under weak light and prevents photodamage under strong light. CHLOROPLAST UNUSUAL POSITIONING 1 (CHUP1) plays a pivotal role in the light-responsive chloroplast movements, which are driven by dynamic reorganization of chloroplast actin (cp-actin) filaments. In this study, we demonstrated that fluorescently tagged CHUP1 colocalized and was coordinately reorganized with cp-actin filaments during chloroplast movement in Arabidopsis thaliana . The resulting asymmetric distribution of CHUP1 was reversibly regulated by the blue light receptor phototropin. X-ray crystallography indicated that the CHUP1 C-terminal domain shares structural similarity with the formin homology 2 (FH2) domain, although there is no sequence similarity between the two domains. The CHUP1 C-terminal domain stimulated actin polymerization in the presence of profilin. We conclude that CHUP1 is a novel, plant-specific actin nucleator that functions in cp-actin-based chloroplast movement. Highlights Blue light changes the distribution pattern of CHUP1 Formin FH2 and CHUP1 C-terminal domains are structurally similar but not homologous CHUP1 nucleates and severs actin filaments in vitro CHUP1 is a novel, plant-specific actin nucleator for chloroplast movement
Inhibition of silica deposition by pH increase due to cathodic current. (1986)

シリカの付着する面をカソードとしてシリカ溶液を電解する新しいシリカスケールの付着防止法について実験した。本方法は溶液全体のpHを変化させることなく,シリカ付着面をカソードとする電解によってシリカ付着面の近傍のみpHを上昇させ付着を防止する方法である。非通電時に3.9mg/cm2・dの付着速度の条件下において電流密度0.1mA/cm2で電解を行なうと付着速度は1.8mg/cm2・dに低下し,1.0mA/cm2ではシリカの付着はほとんど進行しなかった。またすでにシリカの付着した面に対しても1.0mA/cm2で一時的に電解を行なうと付着していたシリカは脱離され,シリカ除去効果も確認された。なお,実験中液はかきまぜなかった。
Anti-oxidant and Anti-microbial Activities of Herb-combined Remedies used in Traditional Korean Medicine for Treating Breast Cancer (2016)

본 연구에서 동의보감에 기록된 유암 치료에 사용되어온 5가지 한약재 처방전인 십육미류기음, 단자청피탕, 지패산 &#x2160;, 지패산 &#x2161;와 청간해울탕의 열수와 에탄올 추출물에 대한 총 페놀 함량의 비교 분석과 항산화능 및 항균활성능을 비교 조사하였다. 열수와 70% 에탄올 추출물의 수율은 각각 지패산 &#x2161;와 단자청피탕이 가장 높았으며, 총 페놀 함량은 다른 한약재에 비해 단자청피탕이 가장 높았다. 열수 추출물의 총 페놀 함량은 지패산 &#x2160; &#x3C; 청간해울탕 &#x3C; 지패산 &#x2161; &#x3C; 십육미류기음 &#x3C; 단자청피탕 순으로 높게 나타났다. 70% 에탄올 추출물의 총 페놀 함량은지패산 &#x2161; &#x3C; 지패산 &#x2160; &#x3C; 청간해울탕 &#x3C; 십육미류기음 &#x3C; 단자청피탕 순으로 풍부하였다. 그 중 단자청피탕과 십육미류기음의 환원력과 DPPH radical과 ABTS radical 소거능이 가장 뛰어났으며, 이들 시료의 총 페놀 함량과 그들의 항산화능과의 밀접한 상관도가 관찰되었다. 또한 Staphylococcus aureus 및 Escherichia coli에 대한 항균활성은 열수보다 70% 에탄올 추출물에서 효과가 높게 관찰되었다. 결론적으로 유암의 치료에 사용되었던 조사 대상 한약재 처방전은 항산화와 항균 활성은 그들의 총 페놀 함유량과 연관성이 높았으며, 본 연구의 결과는 각 처방전에 대한 구체적인 생리활성 비교를 위한 자료로서 활용될 것이다. Sipyukmiryuki-eum (SYMYKE), Danjacheongpi-tang (DJCPT), Jipae-san &#x2160; (JPS &#x2160;), Jipae-san &#x2161; (JPS &#x2161;), and Chungganhaeul-tang (CGHUT) are representative herb-combined remedies used in traditional Korean medicine for treating breast cancer patients, as mentioned in "Dongeuibogam." In this study, we investigated the total phenolic contents (TPCs) and the anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities of hot water and 70% ethanol extracts of these herbal prescriptions. Among the five herb-combined remedies, the extraction yields of the hot water extracts and 70% ethanol extracts were the highest in JPS &#x2161; (34.30%) and DJCPT (30.50%), respectively. The TPCs of the hot water extracts from the herb medicines were rich in the order of JPS &#x2160; &#x3C; CGHUT &#x3C; JPS &#x2161; &#x3C; SYMYKE &#x3C; DJCPT. In addition, the 70% ethanol extracts from the herb medicines were rich in the order of JPS &#x2161; &#x3C; JPS &#x2160; &#x3C; CGHUT &#x3C; SYMYKE &#x3C; DJCPT. Among them, DJCPT and SYMYKE displayed a strong anti-oxidant capability, which was determined using ferric-reducing anti-oxidant power and scavenging of 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cationic radical activity assays. In addition, anti-microbial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were stronger in the 70% ethanol extracts than in the hot water extracts. Together, these findings reveal a positive relationship between TPCs and their anti-oxidant activities.
Colour Invariance at a Pixel (2000)

This paper addresses the question of what can be said about the colours in images that is independent of illumination. We make two main assumptions: Firstly, the illumination can be characterised as Planckian (a realistic assumption for most real scenes). Secondly, the camera behaves as if it were equipped with narrow band sensors (true for a large number of cameras). The resulting physics-based method results in a transformation of the original colour image to a grey-scale one which does not vary with illumination. We give results showing invariance under a range of illumination conditions.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: A Brief Overview Of Their Role And Medicinal Chemistry (2010)

Abstract Histone deacetylase s ( HDAC s) comprise a family of proteins that impact critical cellular processes through regulation of chromatin remodeling and gene transcription. HDACs have emerged as attractive targets for the development of new anticancer agents and a number of structurally diverse inhibitors of HDAC from natural or synthetic origin have been described in the literature. This chapter focuses on those having reached clinical phases. For each, synthesis pathway, in vitro properties and short clinical profiles are presented. Recent developments in medicinal chemistry of HDAC inhibition are also reported.
Farnesyl-transferase inhibitor R115,777 enhances tamoxifen inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth through estrogen receptor dependent and independent pathways (2005)

Overall, this work reveals that combinations of R115,777 with either selective ER ligands or a selective AEBS ligand are able to induce large increases in their anti-proliferative activities on MCF-7 cells. Moreover, these results suggest that it may be of definite interest to evaluate combinations of R115,777 with different anti-estrogens in the treatment of ER positive breast tumours. Based on these experimental data, such combinations may prove beneficial in different clinical scenarios or when used in specific sequences; studying the combination of R115,777 with ICI182,780 for early treatment and reserving combinations with either Tam or a selective AEBS ligand, such as BMS-217380-01, for more resistant disease.
A Gene fromXanthomonas campestrispv.vesicatoriathat Determines Avirulence in Tomato Is Related toavrBs3 (1991)

Strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria that were avirulent in tomato leaves but virulent in pepper leaves were identified. A cloned gene, avrBsP, from one of the strains, Xv 87-7, converted a virulent strain in tomato to avirulent in tomato. A 1.7-kb subclone containing the avirulence gene cross-hybridized with the avirulence gene, which determines race 1 within the pepper group of strains (avrBs3). However, the two avirulence genes differ in their biological activity. The base sequences of the two avirulence genes were almost identical through the 1.7-kb segment of avrBsP, with significant differences only in some bases in the repeat region.
ScaleMed: A methodology for iterative mHealth clinical trials (2015)

mHealth, which involves using smartphones as a tool for healthcare monitoring and delivery, continues to gain traction worldwide. As a result, new pilot programs and clinical trials continue to be launched to establish clinical evidence. However, the continual need for software changes between iterations of the trial creates a lengthy time loop between clinical researchers requesting a change and software developers implementing the requested change. We propose a new methodology for performing clinical trials, called ScaleMed. The ScaleMed methodology involves decoupling low-level app functionality from high-level trial-related operational parameters, a common software development practice. By utilizing a centralized website that allows clinical researchers to rapidly update these trial parameters, iterative clinical trials have the potential to move at a much faster rate than in current practice. We demonstrate an example of the ScaleMed methodology applied to an ongoing mental health trial (codenamed Lucy). In addition, we conducted a separate trial on the usability of the ScaleMed-enabled Lucy platform and found a predominantly positive response from the potential clinical users. In our limited trials, we showed that the time to make changes to app parameters was cut from weeks to less than a minute.
First Scale-Up: Problems and Resolutions on the Synthesis of WAY-253752, a Novel, Dual-Acting SSRI/5HT1A Antagonist (2007)

An alternative synthesis of WAY-253752, 1, a novel, dual-acting SSRI/5HT1A antagonist, was developed and used for the first scale-up. Initially, the target compound was synthesized as part of a diasteromeric mixture separated by chiral preparative HPLC. The new route was designed around intermediates suitable for chiral resolution, and its conditions were successfully determined.
Passive Coherent Beam Combining of Fiber Lasers: Accurate Measurements of Phase Error Tolerance (2013)

A cladding-pumped dual core ytterbium fiber laser is designed and fabricated to measure phase error tolerance in passive coherent beam combining. We show quantitative measurements on the effects of longitudinal modes on phase error tolerance.
Bayesian design of mosaic-based mode multiplexers for various wavelength bands (2023)

Ultracompact mode multiplexers based on mosaic structure for various wavelength bands designed by Bayesian technique are investigated. C-, O-, and C + O band, TE<sub>0</sub>-TE<sub>1</sub> 2-mode multiplexers can be designed with the same footprint, by only changing the mosaic-pattern, showing the great flexibility of mosaic-based devices. Bayesian direct binary search method is used for the design, and it is demonstrated that the Bayesian technique is superior to conventional design method in terms of the best-structure search for the same number of iterations. The designed devices are fabricated for Si-waveguide platform, and the proof-of-concept results are obtained. These results indicate that the mosaic-based devices are promising candidates for future compact optical transceivers.
Transcriptional map of 170-kb region at chromosome 11p15.5: Identification and mutational analysis of the BWR1A gene reveals the presence of mutations in tumor samples (1998)

Chromosome region 11p15.5 harbors unidentified genes involved in neoplasms and in the genetic disease Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. The genetic analysis of a 170-kb region at 11p15.5 between loci D11S601 and D11S679 resulted in the identification of six transcriptional units. Three genes, hNAP2, CDKN1C, and KVLQT1, are well characterized, whereas three genes are novel. The three additional genes were designated BWR1A, BWR1B, and BWR1C. Full-length cDNAs for these three genes were cloned and nucleotide sequences were determined. While our work was in progress, BWR1C cDNA was described as IPL [Qian, N., Franck, D., O'Keefe, D., Dao, D. , Zhao, L., Yuan, L., Wang, Q., Keating, M., Walsh, C. & Tycko, B. (1997) Hum. Mol. Genet. 6, 2021-2029]. The cloning and mapping of these genes together with the fine mapping of the three known genes indicates that the transcriptional map of this region is likely to be complete. Because this region frequently is altered in neoplasms and in the genetic disease Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, we carried out a mutational analysis in tumor cell lines and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome samples that resulted in the identification of genetic alterations in the BWR1A gene: an insertion that introduced a stop codon in the breast cancer cell line BT549 and a point mutation in the rhabdomyosarcoma cell line TE125-T. These results indicate that BWR1A may play a role in tumorigenesis.
Boundary-Scan Testing of Power/Ground Pins (2008)

Most integrated circuits today possess large numbers of power and ground pins in addition to signal pins. Boundary-scan technology will adequately test the signals, but in general does not address open defects on the power/ground pins. Some ICs could get at least partial coverage on some of these pins due to their internal power/ground distribution structure. Thus boundary-scan could be used to test, diagnose and claim coverage for these defects. What is needed is an extension to BSDL to support this capability.
Data from Dose Escalation of Tamoxifen in Patients with Low Endoxifen Level: Evidence for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring—The TADE Study (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Endoxifen is the major mediator of tamoxifen effect and endoxifen levels &lt;15 nmol/L may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer recurrence. We increased tamoxifen dose in breast cancer patients with low endoxifen levels and assessed the influence of various parameters on reaching 15 nmol/L and 30 nmol/L endoxifen levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Tamoxifen dose was increased in those with endoxifen levels below 30 nmol/L. Toxicity, including hot flash score, was measured. CYP2D6 metabolizer status was classified as ultra-rapid (UM), extensive (EM), intermediate (IM), or poor (PM) based genotype of somatic DNA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Dosage was escalated in 68 of 122 participants. On 20 mg tamoxifen, 24% had endoxifen levels below 15 nmol/L and this reduced to 6% following dose escalation. In over 50% of cases, there was no identified cause for low endoxifen. Low baseline endoxifen level, and not CYP2D6 metabolizer status, independently predicted reaching threshold targets for both the 15 nmol/L and 30 nmol/L targets (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04 and 0.003 respectively). The 15 nmol/L target was reached in all UM/EM and IM patients, 63% of PM patients, and 58% of those with baseline endoxifen of &lt;10 nmol/L. There was no correlation between hot flash score and genotype or any tamoxifen metabolite level including endoxifen (R = 0.07).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Low endoxifen on standard dose tamoxifen was the only independent predictor of failure to achieve potentially therapeutic levels. Trials examining tamoxifen dose escalation and breast cancer outcome should be guided by endoxifen levels alone, without reference to &lt;i&gt;CYP2D6&lt;/i&gt; genotype or presence of hot flashes. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3164–71. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Hertz and Rae, p. 3121&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Desarrollo, funcionamiento y reparación de sistemas bosch a diésel aplicados a sistemas common rail (2018)

Tesis (Ingenieria Mecanica), Instituto Politecnico Nacional, ESIME, Unidad Culhuacan, 2018, 1 archivo PDF, (115 paginas). tesis.ipn.mx
Thermal resistance reduction in 670 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2010)

The first investigation of the effect of mesa plated sidewall heatsinks on the performance of red oxide-confined verticalcavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is reported. Single mode (SMSR&gt;20dB) visible (670 nm) VCSELs were fabricated with an AlGaInP active region and AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). Copper is electroplated on and around VCSELs with different mesa diameters with a variety of overlap sizes. A trend of reduction in thermal impedance for some devices has also been observed with increasing the plating overlap size.
Micro-transfer-printed narrow-linewidth III-V-on-Si double laser structure with a combined 110 nm tuning range (2022)

In this work, we demonstrate for the first time a narrow-linewidth III-V-on-Si double laser structure with more than a 110 nm wavelength tuning range realized using micro-transfer printing (µTP) technology. Two types of pre-fabricated III-V semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) with a photoluminescence (PL) peak around 1500 nm and 1550 nm are micro-transfer printed on two silicon laser cavities. The laser cavities are fabricated in imec's silicon photonics (SiPh) pilot line on 200 mm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers with a 400 nm thick silicon device layer. By combining the outputs of the two laser cavities on chip, wavelength tunability over S+C+L-bands is achieved.