gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conformation and molecular topography of the N‐terminal segment of surfactant protein B in structure‐promoting environments (1996)

Although the effects of surfactant protein B (SP-B) on lipid surface activity in vitro and in vivo are well known, the relationship between molecular structure and function is still not fully understood. To further characterize protein structure-activity correlations, we have used physical techniques to study conformation, orientation, and molecular topography of N-terminal SP-B peptides in lipids and structure-promoting environments. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and CD measurements of SP-B1-25 (residues 1-25) in methanol, SDS micelles, egg yolk lecithin (EYL) liposomes, and surfactant lipids indicate the peptide has a dominant helical content, with minor turn and disordered components. Polarized FTIR studies of SP-B1-25 indicate the long molecular axis lies at an oblique angle to the surface of lipid films. Truncated peptides were similarly examined to assign more accurately the discrete conformations within the SP-B1-25 sequence. Residues Cys-8-Gly-25 are largely alpha-helix in methanol, whereas the N-terminal segment Phe-1-Cys-8 had turn and helical propensities. Addition of SP-B1-25 spin-labeled at the N-terminal Phe (i.e., SP-B1-25) to SDS, EYL, or surfactant lipids yielded electron spin resonance spectra that reflect peptide bound to lipids, but retaining considerable mobility. The absence of characteristic radical broadening indicates that SP-B1-25 is minimally aggregated when it interacts with these lipids. Further, the high polarity of SP-B1-25 argues that the reporter on Phe-1 resides in the headgroup of the lipid dispersions. The blue-shift in the endogenous fluorescence of Trp-9 near the N-terminus of SP-B1-25 suggests that this residue also lies near the lipid headgroup. A summary model based on the above physical experiments is presented for SP-B1-25 interacting with lipids.
PROLONGATION OF RAT SMALL BOWEL OR RENAL ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL BY PRETRANSPLANT TRANSFUSION AND/OR BY VARYING THE ROUTE OF ALLOGRAFT VENOUS DRAINAGE (1994)

Lewis rats show prolongation of survival of LBNF1 renal allografts when those grafts are drained by the portal vein, or if recipients are treated with LBNF1 bone marrow cells infused via the portal venous route peritransplantation. The longest survival was seen in animals in which both portal venous transfusion and graft drainage by the portal route were performed. When the same manipulations were performed for Lewis rats receiving heterotopic small bowel transplants, only in the "combined treatment" group was there significantly enhanced graft or animal survival relative to control rats. In separate studies, we examined the mixed leukocyte proliferation response in vitro, and IL-2 production, from rats treated as above and receiving renal or small bowel transplants. In both organ transplant models, there was a good correlation between enhanced graft survival in vivo and decreased in vitro responses to specific allostimulation.
Growth hormone modulation of murine erythroleukemia cell growth in vitro. (1978)

There are few studies showing a biological effect of growth hormone (somatotropin) on cell proliferation in vitro at physiological concentrations. We report here that Friend virus-infected erythroleukemia cells are responsive to growth hormone in vitro. Using a serum-free clonogenic assay we found as little as 0.1 ng of human growth hormone per ml caused a prominent stimulation of cell proliferation. Peak activity of human growth hormone occurred at 200 ng/ml, resulting in a 2-fold increase in cloning. Human chorionic somatomammotropin and the Cys(Cam)53-hGH(1-134) fragment of human growth hormone were also active, but a biologically inert oxidized human growth hormone had no growth-promoting effect in vitro. Cell proliferation was stimulated by insulin with peak potentiation occurring at 1 ng/ml, and prolactin had a demonstrable stimulatory effect between 50 and 100 ng/ml. These observations indicate that growth hormone and related polypeptides have a direct effect on the in vitro proliferation of erythroleukemia cells in the absence of serum. The results confirm a direct action of growth hormone on mammalian cells and suggest that pituitary hormones may affect leukemic cell growth.
Cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity of structure-defined water-soluble C60/micelle supramolecular nanoparticles (2011)

Well-defined, water-soluble C(60)/micelle hierarchical colloids with varied amounts of C(60) sitting on the surface of micellar cores were prepared via the self-assembly of PS-b-PDMA block copolymer micelles and C(60). The composites can generate a significant amount of reactive oxygen upon irradiation with red light. Cell studies showed that the colloids were either strongly associated with, or internalized by, the cells after 2 h incubation, but did not show obvious toxicity in the dark. In contrast, efficient cell killing was observed when the colloid-incubated cells were exposed to red light. This indicates that the supramolecular colloids are promising as photosensitizers for photodynamic cancer therapy.
Modeling 40 Gb/s CSRZ-DPSK and RZ-DPSK trans-Atlantic transmission with dispersion slope compensation (2006)

We model a 40 Gb/s RZ and CSRZ-DPSK transmission over a trans-Atlantic system using non-slope-matched fiber with dispersion slope compensation. Slope compensation is necessary to achieve reasonable margins.
Political Theories of Presidential Impeachment (2022)

탄핵은 많은 대통령제 민주주의 국가에서 점점 더 많이 일어나고 있습니다. 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고, 정치 이론가들은 탄핵의 규범과 제도적 설계에 대해 깊이 있게 다루지 않았습니다. 헌법과 비교 정치 분야에서 관련 규범적 고려가 대두되고 있지만, 이것들은 단편적이고 특히 민주주의의 헌법 체계에 따라 좌우되고 있습니다. 이 문제를 정치사상의 역사에서 접근하여, 본 논문은 1787년 미국 헌법 제정 대회 동안 대통령 탄핵의 기원을 제공한 치열한 논쟁을 해석함으로써 탄핵 이론화에 대한 보다 통합된 접근법을 이끌어 냅니다. 논문은 결과주의적 규범과 대의적 규범이 탄핵의 기본 역할을 알려주며 제도적 설계, 탄핵 근거, 절차 등 다른 고려사항보다 ‘유사적 우선’을 갖는 것으로 이해해야 한다고 주장합니다.
Temporal patterns of gene expression in murine cutaneous burn wound healing (2004)

The global changes in gene expression in injured murine skin were characterized following a second-degree scald burn. Dorsal skin was harvested from uninjured and from burned mice at 2 h and at 3 and 14 days following immersion in 65 degrees C water for 45 s. Gene expression was surveyed using an Affymetrix U74Av2 GeneChip, and patterns of gene expression were analyzed using hierarchical clustering and supervised analysis. Burn injury produced significant alterations in the expression of a number of genes, with the greatest changes seen 3 and 14 days after the scald burn. Using a supervised analysis with a false discovery rate of 1% or 5%, differences in the expression of 192 or 1,116 genes, respectively, discriminated among the unburned skin and the three time points after the burn injury. Gene expression was primarily a transient and time-dependent upregulation. The expression of only 24 of the 192 discriminating genes was downregulated after the burn injury. No gene exhibited a sustained increase in expression over the entire 14 days following the burn injury. Gene ontologies revealed an integrated upregulation of inflammatory and protease genes at acute time intervals, and a diminution of cytoskeletal and muscle contractile genes at 3 or 14 days after the injury. Following a second-degree scald burn, global patterns of gene expression in the burn wound change dramatically over several weeks in a time-dependent manner, and these changes can be categorized based on the biological relevance of the genes.
A novel 0.25 μm via plug process using low temperature CVD Al/TiN (2002)

A novel aluminum plug process is described which offers over a 3/spl times/ reduction in via resistance as compared with current tungsten plug technology. The performance advantage of the new process is further enhanced by its compatibility with low thermal budget, low-k dielectric materials, allowing significant reduction in the overall interconnect RC time constant. Key features of the Al plug technology include an over-hang free MOCVD (metal organic CVD) TiN liner, a single step low temperature (260/spl deg/C) chemical vapor deposition (LTCVD) of aluminum (resistivity <3 /spl mu/ohm-cm) and copper doping from an overlying PVD Al-Cu film. Double-level metal interconnects with 0.3 /spl mu/m vias and integrated low-k dielectrics were successfully fabricated using the new CVD TiN/Al technology. The 0.3 /spl mu/m diameter CVD Al plugs yielded >3/spl times/ lower via resistance compared with W plugs (1.5 vs. 5.0 ohms) with no degradation in electromigration reliability.
Challenges in network application identification (2012)

The evolution of the Internet in the last few years has been characterized by dramatic changes to the way users behave, interact and utilize the network. This has posed new challenges to network operators. To deal with the increasing number of threats to enterprise networks, operators need greater visibility and understanding of the applications running in their networks. In years gone by, the biggest challenge in network application identification used to be of providing real-time classification at increasing wire speeds. But now the operators are facing another challenge - the ability to keep pace with the tremendous rate of development of new applications. This problem can be attributed largely to the explosive growth in the number of web and mobile applications. This combined with application hiding techniques like encryption, port abuse, and tunneling have rendered the traditional approaches for application identification ineffective. In this paper, we discuss the challenges facing the network operators and the limitations of current state of the art approaches in both the commercial and the research world in solving these problems.
Human cytomegalovirus pUL10 interacts with leukocytes and impairs TCR‐mediated T‐cell activation (2016)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is known to exert suppressive effects on the host immune system through expression of various viral genes, thus directly and indirectly affecting antiviral immunity of the infected individuals. We report here that HCMV UL10 encodes a protein (pUL10) with immunosuppressive properties. UL10 has been classified as a member of the HCMV RL11 gene family. Although pUL10 is known to be dispensable for viral replication in cultured cells, its amino-acid sequence is well conserved among different HCMV isolates, suggesting that the protein has a crucial role in viral survival in the host environment. We show that pUL10 is cleaved from the cell surface of fibroblasts as well as epithelial cells and interacts with a cellular receptor ubiquitously expressed on the surface of human leukocytes, demonstrated by ex vivo cell-based assays and flow cytometric analyses on both lymphoid cell lines and primary blood cells. Furthermore, preincubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with purified pUL10 ectodomain results in significantly impaired proliferation and substantially reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, in particular in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells upon in vitro T-cell stimulation. The inhibitory effect of pUL10 is also observed on antigen receptor-mediated intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation in a T-cell line. Based on these observations, we suggest that pUL10 is a newly identified immunomodulatory protein encoded by HCMV. Further elucidation of interactions between pUL10 and the host immune system during HCMV may contribute to finding ways towards new therapies for HCMV infection.
Evaluation of histological dynamics, kidney function and diabetes in liver transplant patients after antiviral treatment with direct‐acting antivirals: Therapy of HCV‐recurrence (2018)

Successful sofosbuvir-based AVT leads to a variety of positive development in transplant patients including a significant improvement of inflammation, fat content and fibrosis, a significant decrease in daily insulin dose and no significant impairment of kidney function.
Fay (2011)

Fay is a flexible platform for the efficient collection, processing, and analysis of software execution traces. Fay provides dynamic tracing through use of runtime instrumentation and distributed aggregation within machines and across clusters. At the lowest level, Fay can be safely extended with new tracing primitives, including even untrusted, fully-optimized machine code, and Fay can be applied to running user-mode or kernel-mode software without compromising system stability. At the highest level, Fay provides a unified, declarative means of specifying what events to trace, as well as the aggregation, processing, and analysis of those events.
Axial-Stereo 3-D Optical Metrology for Inner Profile of Pipes Using a Scanning Laser Endoscope (2015)

As the rapid progress in the development of optoelectronic components and computational power, 3D optical metrology becomes more and more popular in manufacturing and quality control due to its flexibility and high speed. However, most of the optical metrology methods are limited to external surfaces. This paper proposed a new approach to measure tiny internal 3D surfaces with a scanning fiber endoscope and axial-stereo vision algorithm. A dense, accurate point cloud of internally machined threads was generated to compare with its corresponding X-ray 3D data as ground truth, and the quantification was analyzed by Iterative Closest Points algorithm.
Effective Heat Transfer Pathways of Thermally Conductive Networks Formed by One-Dimensional Carbon Materials with Different Sizes (2019)

We investigated the heat transfer behavior of thermally conductive networks with one-dimensional carbon materials to design effective heat transfer pathways for hybrid filler systems of polymer matrix composites. Nano-sized few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWCNTs) and micro-sized mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers (MPCFs) were used as the thermally conductive materials. The bulk density and thermal conductivity of the FWCNT films increased proportionally with the ultrasonication time due to the enhanced dispersibility of the FWCNTs in an ethanol solvent. The ultrasonication-induced densification of the FWCNT films led to the effective formation of filler-to-filler connections, resulting in improved thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of the FWCNT-MPCF hybrid films was proportional to the MPCF content (maximum thermal conductivity at an MPCF content of 60 wt %), indicating the synergistic effect on the thermal conductivity enhancement. Moreover, the MPCF-to-MPCF heat transfer pathways in the FWCNT-MPCF hybrid films were the most effective in achieving high thermal conductivity due to the smaller interfacial area and shorter heat transfer pathway of the MPCFs. The FWCNTs could act as thermal bridges between neighboring MPCFs for effective heat transfer. Furthermore, the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles of approximately 300 nm into the FWCNT-MPCF hybrid film dramatically enhanced the thermal conductivity, which was closely related to a decreased thermal interfacial resistance at the intersection points between the materials. Epoxy-based composites loaded with the FWCNTs, MPCFs, FWCNT-MPCF hybrids, and FWCNT-MPCF-Ag hybrid fillers were also fabricated. A similar trend in thermal conductivity was observed in the polymer matrix composite with carbon-based hybrid films.
First-Order AlInGaN 405 nm Distributed Feedback Laser Diodes by Current Injection (2006)

The first-oreder AlInGaN 405 nm distributed feed-back (DFB) laser diodes were grown on the c-face sapphire substrates by a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition method. The diffractive grating, which was shaped by 108 nm deep grating of an 85.7 nm period with a sidewall angle 89°, was formed into a p-type waveguiding layer. As a result, we succeeded in demonstrating the first-order AlInGaN based 405 nm DFB laser diodes by pulsed current injection. The threshold current and the peak lasing wavelength of the DFB laser diode were 190 mA and 403.7 nm under pulsed current operation at 25 °C, respectively. The lasing spectrum was kept the single longitudinal mode emission up to an output power of 30 mW.
Catalysis of the Electroreduction of O2 to H2O by Vanadium−salen Complexes in Acidified Dichloromethane (1999)

Addition of stoichiometric quantities of trifluoromethanesulfonic (triflic) acid to solutions of V(IV)O(salen) (H(2)salen = N,N '-ethylenebis(salicylideneamine)) in dichloromethane produces the &mgr;-oxo dinuclear vanadium(IV) complex [(salen)V(IV)OV(IV)(salen)](2+) ([V(IV)OV(IV)](2+)). Addition of significant excesses of triflic acid converts the dimer into [V(IV)(salen)](2+). In dichloromethane solutions containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate, the [V(IV)OV(IV)](2+) complex undergoes disproportionation and dissociation reactions to produce a solution containing an equimolar mixture of V(IV)O(salen), [V(III)(salen)](+), and [V(IV)OV(V)](3+). The oxophilic [V(III)(salen)](+) complex reacts with O(2) to accomplish a four-electron reduction of O(2): 2[V(III)(salen)](+) + O(2) --> 2[V(V)O(salen)](+). These reactions can be exploited to carry out catalytic electroreductions of O(2) to H(2)O in acidified dichloromethane solutions of V(IV)O(salen) at unusually positive potentials.
Quality factor assessment of finite-size all-dielectric metasurfaces at the magnetic dipole resonance (2018)

Recently there has been a large interest in achieving metasurface resonances with large quality factors. In this article, we examine metasurfaces that comprised a finite number of magnetic dipoles oriented parallel or orthogonal to the plane of the metasurface and determine analytic formulas for their resonances’ quality factors. These conditions are experimentally achievable in finite-size metasurfaces made of dielectric cubic resonators at the magnetic dipole resonance. Our results show that finite metasurfaces made of parallel (to the plane) magnetic dipoles exhibit low quality factor resonances with a quality factor that is independent of the number of resonators. More importantly, finite metasurfaces made of orthogonal (to the plane) magnetic dipoles lead to resonances with large quality factors, which ultimately depend on the number of resonators comprising the metasurface. In particular, by properly modulating the array of dipole moments by having a distribution of resonator polarizabilities, one can potentially increase the quality factor of metasurface resonances even further. These results provide design guidelines to achieve a sought quality factor applicable to any resonator geometry for the development of new devices such as photodetectors, modulators, and sensors.
Investigation of the Physico-Chemical Properties that Enable Co-Formulation of Basal Insulin Degludec with Fast-Acting Insulin Aspart (2015)

Insulins degludec and aspart can be combined without forming hybrid hexamers, but this combinability is dependent on zinc and preservative concentration, and requires that degludec is fully dihexameric before addition of aspart.
Supplementary Table S1 from <i>KIT</i> and <i>PDGFRA</i> Mutations and Survival of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Patients Treated with Adjuvant Imatinib in a Randomized Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Representativeness of Study Participants&lt;/p&gt;
Enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1‐DNA vaccine potency through incorporation of T‐helper 1 molecular adjuvants (2004)

It is clear that the development of a safe and effective vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a crucial goal for controlling the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic. At present, it is not clear what arm of the immune response correlates with protection from HIV-1 infection or disease. Therefore, a strong cellular and humoral immune response will likely be needed to control this infection. Among different vaccine alternatives, DNA vaccines appeared more than a decade ago, demonstrating important qualities of inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses in animal models. However, after several years and various clinical studies in humans, supporting the safety of the HIV-DNA vaccine strategies, it has become clear that their potency should be improved. One way to modulate and enhance the immune responses induced by a DNA vaccine is by including genetic adjuvants such as cytokines, chemokines, or T-cell costimulatory molecules as part of the vaccine itself. Particularly, vaccine immunogenicity can be modulated by factors that attract professional antigen-presenting cells, provide additional costimulation, or enhance the uptake of plasmid DNA. This review focuses on developments in the coadministration of molecular adjuvants for the enhancement of HIV-1 DNA-vaccine potency.
Programmed death-1 blockade in mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer. (2016)

103 Background: Mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colon cancers are densely infiltrated with CD8+T cells and regress when treated with anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibodies. This anti-tumor response is thought to be potentiated by the thousands of somatic mutations that when expressed as proteins result in hundreds of potentially immunogenic neo-antigens that can be recognized by the patient’s immune system. Methods: We previously reported a phase 2 study to evaluate the activity of pembrolizumab (pembro), a PD-1 antibody in treatment refractory dMMR colon cancers (NEJM 2015). We are reporting the expanded trial and updated data for the mismatch repair deficient CRC (dMMR, cohort A) and mismatch repair proficient CRC (pMMR, cohort B) cohorts. Pembro was administered at 10 mg/kg every 14 days in patients with 2 or more prior therapies. The co-primary endpoints were response and progression-free survival rate at 20 weeks. Secondary endpoints included disease control rate (DCR = CR + PR + SD), progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. Results: A total of 53 patients (Cohort A: n = 28, Cohort B: n = 25) were treated. Median follow up time is 8.7 months. RR and DCR were 50% (14/28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 31-69%) and 89% (25/28) for dMMR CRC and 0% (0/25, 95% CI: 0-14%) and 16% (4/25) for pMMR CRC, respectively. Twenty-one of 28 dMMR CRC patients remain on study. Median PFS was not reached (NR) for dMMR CRC and 2.4 months for pMMR CRC (HR = 0.135; 95% CI 0.043 to 0.191; p=<0.0001). Median OS was NR for dMMR vs. 6 months for pMMR (HR = 0.247; 95% CI 0.117 to 0.589; p=0.001). For dMMR CRC, the PFS rates was 61% at 24 months and the OS rate was 66% at 24 months. Among patients with an objective response (n=14), only 1 has developed secondary resistance to pembro with a solitary brain metastasis after 4.6 months of therapy. Conclusions: Patients with dMMR CRC receive durable clinical benefit with pembrolizumab. Clinical trial information: NCT01876511.
Oxidation and Reduction (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Oxidation by Metal Ions and Related Species Oxidation by Compounds of Non-metallic Elements Miscellaneous Oxidations Ozonolysis and Ozonation Peracids and Peroxides Photo-oxygenation, Singlet Oxygen, and Superoxide Atomic Oxygen, Autoxidation, and Other Reactions of Oxygen Reduction by Complex Metal Hydrides Reduction by Metals, Metal Ions, and Metal Complexes Miscellaneous Reductions Hydrogenation Reductions and Oxidations of Biological Interest