gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Processing Additives on Charge-Transfer Time Scales and Sound Velocity in Organic Bulk Heterojunction Films (2012)

The role of processing additives in organic bulk heterojunction thin films was investigated by means of transient absorption spectroscopy. The rate of ultrafast charge transfer was found to increase when a small amount of diiodooctane was used during film formation. In addition, coherent acoustic phonons were observed, and their velocity was determined. A strong correlation between the sound velocity and the charge-transfer time scale was observed, both of which could be explained by a subtle increase in thin film density.
A deep learning classifier for prediction of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy from baseline breast DCE-MRI (2018)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is routinely used to treat breast tumors before surgery to reduce tumor size and improve outcome. However, no current clinical or imaging metrics can effectively predict before treatment which NAC recipients will achieve pathological complete response (pCR), the absence of residual invasive disease in the breast or lymph nodes following surgical resection. In this work, we developed and applied a convolu- tional neural network (CNN) to predict pCR from pre-treatment dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) scans on a per-voxel basis. In this study, DCE-MRI data for a total of 166 breast cancer pa- tients from the ISPY1 Clinical Trial were split into a training set of 133 patients and a testing set of 33 patients. A CNN consisting of 6 convolutional blocks was trained over 30 epochs. The pre-contrast and post-contrast DCE-MRI phases were considered in isolation and conjunction. A CNN utilizing a combination of both pre- and post-contrast images best distinguished responders, with an AUC of 0.77; 82% of the patients in the testing set were correctly classified based on their treatment response. Within the testing set, the CNN was able to produce probability heatmaps that visualized tumor regions that most strongly predicted therapeutic response. Multi- variate analysis with prognostic clinical variables (age, largest diameter, hormone receptor and HER2 status), revealed that the network was an independent predictor of response (p=0.05), and that the inclusion of HER2 status could further improve capability to predict response (AUC = 0.85, accuracy = 85%).
Deep Learning for Diagnosis of Paranasal Sinusitis Using Multi-View Radiographs (2021)

Accurate image interpretation of Waters' and Caldwell view radiographs used for sinusitis screening is challenging. Therefore, we developed a deep learning algorithm for diagnosing frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary sinusitis on both Waters' and Caldwell views. The datasets were selected for the training and validation set (<i>n</i> = 1403, sinusitis% = 34.3%) and the test set (<i>n</i> = 132, sinusitis% = 29.5%) by temporal separation. The algorithm can simultaneously detect and classify each paranasal sinus using both Waters' and Caldwell views without manual cropping. Single- and multi-view models were compared. Our proposed algorithm satisfactorily diagnosed frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary sinusitis on both Waters' and Caldwell views (area under the curve (AUC), 0.71 (95% confidence interval, 0.62-0.80), 0.78 (0.72-0.85), and 0.88 (0.84-0.92), respectively). The one-sided DeLong's test was used to compare the AUCs, and the Obuchowski-Rockette model was used to pool the AUCs of the radiologists. The algorithm yielded a higher AUC than radiologists for ethmoid and maxillary sinusitis (<i>p</i> = 0.012 and 0.013, respectively). The multi-view model also exhibited a higher AUC than the single Waters' view model for maxillary sinusitis (<i>p</i> = 0.038). Therefore, our algorithm showed diagnostic performances comparable to radiologists and enhanced the value of radiography as a first-line imaging modality in assessing multiple sinusitis.
Logical Structure Analysis of Document Images Based on Emergent Computation (2005)

A new method for logical structure analysis of document images is proposed in this paper as the basis for a document reader which can extract logical information from various printed documents. The proposed system consists of five basic modules: text line classification, object recognition, object segmentation, object grouping, and object modification. Emergent computation, which is a key concept of artificial life, is adopted for the cooperative interaction among modules in the system in order to achieve effective and flexible behavior of the whole system. It has three principal advantages over other methods: adaptive system configuration for various and complex logical structures, robust document analysis tolerant of erroneous feature detection, and feedback of high-level logical information to the low-level physical process for accurate analysis. Experimental results obtained for 150 documents show that the method is adaptable, robust, and effective for various document structures.
Ibrutinib Abrogates TREM-1 Mediated Neutrophil Activation (2016)

Abstract Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is an activating receptor on neutrophils (PMN) and important in the innate host defence against microbial pathogens. Here we examined the influence of the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib on TREM-1 dependent activation of human PMNs. Firstly, ibrutinib specifically inhibited TREM-1 mediated PMN activation of the oxidative burst and CD62L shedding, whereas TLR mediated activation remained unaffected. Correspondingly, ibrutinib suppressed ERK phosphorylation after TREM-1, but not after TLR ligation. To clarify whether this TREM-1 specific effect of ibrutinib was also relevant in vivo, we treated mice with ibrutinib, and analyzed fungal clearance in vivo upon pulmonary challenge with A. fumigatus and PMN activation ex vivo upon TREM-1 or TLR ligation, again finding that TREM-1, but not TLR induced activation was suppressed. Equivalent results were obtained in PMNs of six lymphoma patients under treatment with ibrutinib. In summary, BTK plays an important role in TREM-1 mediated PMN activation, providing a potential mechanism for the frequently observed infectious complications in patients treated with ibrutinib, and fosters studies using this drug as a novel tool to modulate TREM-1 activity for therapeutic purposes, i. e. in sepsis or autoimmune diseases. Disclosures Hess: Pfizer: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Roche, CTI, Pfizer, Celgene: Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria.
Study of widely linear multichannel wiener filter for binaural noise reduction (2017)

In this paper, we study the binaural noise-reduction problem using an array of microphones. The widely linear (WL) framework in the short-time-Fourier-transform (STFT) domain is adopted. In such a framework, the microphone array signals and binaural outputs are first merged into complex signals. These complex signals are subsequently transformed into the STFT domain. The WL estimation theory is then applied in STFT subbands with interband correlation to form the optimal WL Wiener filter, which exploits the noncircular properties of the input complex signals to achieve noise reduction and meanwhile to preserve the sound spatial realism. Finally, the time-domain binaural output is reconstructed from the output of the WL Wiener filter using the inverse STFT. The effectiveness of the developed STFT-domain WL Wiener filter for binaural noise reduction is justified using experiments.
A new synthetic approach to poly- and perfluorinated polyethers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new synthetic approach to poly- and perfluorinated polyethersMing H. Hung, William B. Farnham, Andrew E. Feiring, and Shlomo RozenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 20, 8954–8959Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00073a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00073a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views482Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surgical anatomy and utility of pedicled vascularized tissue flaps for multilayered repair of skull base defects (2015)

OBJECT The objective of this study was to describe the surgical anatomy and technical nuances of various vascularized tissue flaps. METHODS The surgical anatomy of various tissue flaps and their vascular pedicles was studied in 5 colored silicone-injected anatomical specimens. Medical records were reviewed of 11 consecutive patients who underwent repair of extensive skull base defects with a combination of various vascularized flaps. RESULTS The supraorbital, supratrochlear, superficial temporal, greater auricular, and occipital arteries contribute to the vascular supply of the pericranium. The pericranial flap can be designed based on an axial blood supply. Laterally, various flaps are supplied by the deep or superficial temporal arteries. The nasoseptal flap is a vascular pedicled flap based on the nasoseptal artery. Patients with extensive skull base defects can undergo effective repair with dual flaps or triple flaps using these pedicled vascularized flaps. CONCLUSIONS Multiple pedicled flaps are available for reconstitution of the skull base. Knowledge of the surgical anatomy of these flaps is crucial for the skull base surgeon. These vascularized tissue flaps can be used effectively as single or combination flaps. Multilayered closure of cranial base defects with vascularized tissue can be used safely and may lead to excellent repair outcomes.
Discovery of Benzamidine- and 1-Aminoisoquinoline-Based Human MAS-Related G-Protein-Coupled Receptor X1 (MRGPRX1) Agonists (2019)

Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor X1 (MRGPRX1) is a human sensory neuron-specific receptor and has been actively investigated as a therapeutic target for the treatment of pain. By use of two HTS screening hit compounds, 4-(4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxybenzylamino)benzimidamide (<b>5a</b>) and 4-(2-(butylsulfonamido)-4-methylphenoxy)benzimidamide (<b>11a</b>), as molecular templates, a series of human MRGPRX1 agonists were synthesized and evaluated for their agonist activity using HEK293 cells stably transfected with human MrgprX1. Conversion of the benzamidine moiety into a 1-aminoisoquinoline moiety carried out in the later stage of structural optimization led to the discovery of a highly potent MRGPRX1 agonist, <i>N</i>-(2-(1-aminoisoquinolin-6-yloxy)-4-methylphenyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (<b>16</b>), not only devoid of positively charged amidinium group but also with superior selectivity over opioid receptors. In mice, compound <b>16</b> displayed favorable distribution to the spinal cord, the presumed site of action for the MRGPRX1-mediated analgesic effects.
Data from LRRC15 Is a Novel Mesenchymal Protein and Stromal Target for Antibody–Drug Conjugates (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Progress in understanding tumor stromal biology has been constrained in part because cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a heterogeneous population with limited cell-type–specific protein markers. Using RNA expression profiling, we identified the membrane protein leucine-rich repeat containing 15 (LRRC15) as highly expressed in multiple solid tumor indications with limited normal tissue expression. LRRC15 was expressed on stromal fibroblasts in many solid tumors (e.g., breast, head and neck, lung, pancreatic) as well as directly on a subset of cancer cells of mesenchymal origin (e.g., sarcoma, melanoma, glioblastoma). LRRC15 expression was induced by TGFβ on activated fibroblasts (αSMA&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) and on mesenchymal stem cells. These collective findings suggested LRRC15 as a novel CAF and mesenchymal marker with utility as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers with LRRC15-positive stromal desmoplasia or cancers of mesenchymal origin. ABBV-085 is a monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE)-containing antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) directed against LRRC15, and it demonstrated robust preclinical efficacy against LRRC15 stromal-positive/cancer-negative, and LRRC15 cancer-positive models as a monotherapy, or in combination with standard-of-care therapies. ABBV-085′s unique mechanism of action relied upon the cell-permeable properties of MMAE to preferentially kill cancer cells over LRRC15-positive CAF while also increasing immune infiltrate (e.g., F4/80&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; macrophages) in the tumor microenvironment. In summary, these findings validate LRRC15 as a novel therapeutic target in multiple solid tumor indications and support the ongoing clinical development of the LRRC15-targeted ADC ABBV-085.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; These findings identify LRRC15 as a new marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancers of mesenchymal origin and provide preclinical evidence for the efficacy of an antibody-drug conjugate targeting the tumor stroma. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(14); 4059–72. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Sigma-2 Receptors—From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Target: A Focus on Age-Related Degenerative Diseases (2023)

There is a large unmet medical need to develop disease-modifying treatment options for individuals with age-related degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. The sigma-2 receptor (S2R), encoded by <i>TMEM97</i>, is expressed in brain and retinal cells, and regulates cell functions via its co-receptor progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), and through other protein-protein interactions. Studies describing functions of S2R involve the manipulation of expression or pharmacological modulation using exogenous small-molecule ligands. These studies demonstrate that S2R modulates key pathways involved in age-related diseases including autophagy, trafficking, oxidative stress, and amyloid-β and α-synuclein toxicity. Furthermore, S2R modulation can ameliorate functional deficits in cell-based and animal models of disease. This review summarizes the current evidence-based understanding of S2R biology and function, and its potential as a therapeutic target for age-related degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, including Alzheimer's disease, α-synucleinopathies, and dry age-related macular degeneration.
Immune infiltration, glioma stratification, and therapeutic implications (2016)

By definition, gliomas are brain tumors emanating from glial precursor cells. Gliomas include glioblastoma (GBM), astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and ependymoma. The World Health Organization (WHO) traditionally classifies brain tumors according to their pathological features, with GBM having the highest grade (IV), while lower grades (mostly II, III) are typically assigned to various types of astrocytic, oligodendroglial, and ependymal tumors (1), which collectively are referred to as lower grade gliomas (LGG). In the latest NCI SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) report and projection, the estimated 2016 incidence and deaths for brain and other CNS tumors is 23,770 and 16,050, respectively (2). According to CBTRUS (Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States), glioma represents about 27% of all, and 80% of malignant brain and CNS tumors (3). The majority (55.1%) of gliomas are classified as GBMs. For GBMs, the current standard of care consists of surgical resection, radiotherapy with chemotherapy (temozolomide or TMZ). The median survival rate, which ranges from 14.5 to 16.6 months [see (4,5) for review], remains dismally poor despite decades of research and discoveries, leading up to the current era of genomics, targeted therapeutics, and immunotherapeutics. LGGs on the other hand have more favorable clinical outcome, especially cases possessing IDH mutation and co-deletion of 1p and 19q chromosomal arms.
Computer-Aided Design of Product Families and Their Assembly Lines (2000)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Efficient pump combiner's for fiber lasers and amplifiers (2016)

We demonstrate a high brightness, polarization maintaining 42+1 to 1 cascaded combiner system which consists of a tree architecture with one 6+1 to 1 pump-signal combiner pumped with six multimode pump combiners. The cascaded combiner system has a pump efficiency of 95%, high beam quality with greater than 20dB PER. In this work the higher brightness of the combiner system is driven by choice of optimized pump fibers and high efficiency of multimode pump combiners that operate at an average pump efficiency of 99%.
Gradation of proteins and cells attached to the surface of bio-inert zwitterionic polymer brush B Biointerfaces (2016)

A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of a 2-bromoisobutyryl end group-carrying initiator for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was constructed on the surface of silicon wafer or glass substrates via a silane-coupling reaction. When the initiator SAM was irradiated with UV light at 254nm, the surface density of bromine atoms was reduced by the scission of CBr bonds as observed by XPS. With the surface-initiated ATRP of the zwitterionic vinyl monomer, carboxymethyl betaine (CMB), the surface density of PCMB brushes could be easily varied by changing the irradiation period of UV light prior to the polymerization. Furthermore, by using a UV-cut shutter sliding above the initiator SAM-modified substrate at a constant speed, the degree of bromine atom removal could be linearly varied along the direction of movement of the shutter. Consequently, the amount of both proteins adsorbed and cells adhered to the PCMB brush-covered substrate could easily be controlled by the gradation of the surface density of PCMB brushes, which suppressed protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Such a technique is very simple and useful for the regulation of the surface density of adsorbed proteins and adhered cells on an originally bio-inert surface.
80km Long Reach Coherent DWDM-PON on 20GHz Grid with Injected Gain Switched Comb Source (2014)

We have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a 6 × 40-Gb/s long reach dense wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network downlink system operating over 80 km of standard single mode fiber. The six optical channels with 20 GHz spacing are generated by an externally injected gain switched optical comb source. Each comb line is imposed with a 6-GBd polarization division multiplexed quadrature amplitude modulation, which included a 20% overhead for forward error correction. A worst case channel sensitivity of -35.6 dBm (54 photons/bit) at a bit error rate of 1.5×10-2 was achieved, yielding a system loss budget of 40 dB.
Impact of the road conditions on the amount of braking energy (2017)

The issue of energy recuperation is increasingly found in modern cars (both electric and hybrid, as well as powered by a combustion engine only). Road conditions are one of the essential factors determining the appropriateness of using certain design solutions in braking energy recovery systems. This article presents an analysis of road conditions prevailing in a large urban agglomeration together with an evaluation of their usefulness for utilizing the braking energy. Road tests were carried out for this purpose, and their analysis used the Monte Carlo method to determine the pseudo-accidental courses.
Hydrodynamics of a self-propelled flexible fin in perturbed flows (2017)

A self-propelled flexible fin is subjected to perturbed flows produced by inanimate structures or other moving organisms. An optimal flapping motion in unbounded fluids may not be optimal in perturbed flows. The goal of this paper is to review key studies that focused on the hydrodynamics of fish swimming in perturbed flows, and to reveal the mechanisms by which fish can exploit energy from the surrounding fluid by modelling a self-propelled flexible fin. A heaving motion was prescribed on the leading edge of the fin, and other posterior parts passively adapted to the surrounding fluid as a result of the fluid-flexible-body interaction. We consider three flow environments in this paper; i) near the ground, ii) behind a cylinder, and iii) in the wake of another moving fin. The self-propelled fin modeled here can generate more thrust with a smaller penalty of increased power input, leading to increased propulsive efficiency by flapping near the ground. For the same heaving motion, the self-propelled fin near the ground can swim faster than that moving far from the ground. The fins swimming in the wake of a circular cylinder can maintain the relative positions to the upstream cylinder without using any power input by adjusting their heaving frequency as the vortex shedding frequency, and by slaloming between the oncoming vortices. Two tandem self-propelled fins with an identical heaving motion form a stable configuration spontaneously, and the power input is reduced for the following fin by passing through the oncoming vortex centers. A Karman vortex street is generated in the wake of the cylinder, while a reverse Karman vortex street is formed behind a self-propelled fin. The optimal trajectories for the fins swimming in a Karman and reverse Karman vortex streets are observed in the vortex slaloming and interception modes, respectively, where the heaving motion is in-phase with the induced flow direction in the spanwise direction. The synchronization enables the fins to save the energy required in the swimming behaviors.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Metathesis Featuring Ruthenium Indenylidene Complexes with a Sterically Demanding NHC Ligand. (2011)

Abstract Two new ruthenium indenylidene complexes (I) are prepared and characterized.
Reactivity Ratios of Comonomers from a Single MALDI–ToF–MS Measurement at One Feed Composition (2012)

The reactivity ratios in a copolymerization are needed to predict the microstructure (random, gradient, block or alternating) of the produced copolymer. This microstructure reflects on the physical properties of the polymeric material. Conventional ways to determine these reactivity ratios demand in most cases tedious laboratory work and several experiments at different monomer feed compositions. Here, a novel method is described to derive these ratios from a single MALDI–ToF–MS spectrum obtained at one feed composition by employing either a Monte Carlo approach to numerically simulate a first order Markov chain or the analytical form of the first order Markov chain. A single MALDI–ToF–MS spectrum proved to give very good estimates of the reactivity ratios of comonomers from copolymer’s synthesized by free radical polymerization, ring-opening polymerization of lactones and lactides, or ring-opening copolymerization of anhydrides plus epoxides.