gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning to Adapt Structured Output Space for Semantic Segmentation (2018)

Convolutional neural network-based approaches for semantic segmentation rely on supervision with pixel-level ground truth, but may not generalize well to unseen image domains. As the labeling process is tedious and labor intensive, developing algorithms that can adapt source ground truth labels to the target domain is of great interest. In this paper, we propose an adversarial learning method for domain adaptation in the context of semantic segmentation. Considering semantic segmentations as structured outputs that contain spatial similarities between the source and target domains, we adopt adversarial learning in the output space. To further enhance the adapted model, we construct a multi-level adversarial network to effectively perform output space domain adaptation at different feature levels. Extensive experiments and ablation study are conducted under various domain adaptation settings, including synthetic-to-real and cross-city scenarios. We show that the proposed method performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and visual quality.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropyl Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis. Part 54. Nitrogen‐Based Linkers. Part 6. New Efficient Multicomponent Reactions with C—C Coupling for Combinatorial Application in Liquid and on Solid Phase. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stability Analysis of FPGA-Based Control of Brushless DC Motors and Generators Using Digital PWM Technique (2011)

Brushless dc (BLDC) drives have received significant attention, owing to their high efficiency, electromagnetic interference, and high mechanical reliability due to the absence of brushes in commercial, residential, and industrial applications. In generating mode, they are very suitable for small wind and hydro generator applications, as well as integrated starter alternators in hybrid electric vehicles. This paper discusses digital pulsewidth modulation control for a BLDC drive in both motoring and generating modes of operation. This control strategy is simple and robust, requires no current sensors, and is not computationally intensive. Owing to these attributes, the technique can be implemented on a low-cost field-programmable gate array. This paper investigates potential stability issues due to the simplicity of this control under various conditions of load disturbances and also owing to the reduction in processor capability. Lyapunov stability criteria have been used to analyze the closed-loop stability of the system. Furthermore, an approximate discrete model has been developed, and the stability of the system is analyzed to ensure closed-loop operation under various sets of loads, speeds, and input voltages. Simulation and experimental results have been presented to verify the claims.
Poly(ethylene glycol)-Supported TEMPO:  An Efficient, Recoverable Metal-Free Catalyst for the Selective Oxidation of Alcohols (2004)

[structure: see text] Poly(ethylene glycol)-supported TEMPO (PEG-TEMPO) has been prepared, and its catalytic activity in the chemoselective oxidation of alcohols with stoichiometric amounts of organic or inorganic oxidants has been investigated. The new metal-free catalyst exhibits high activity and is easily removed from the reaction mixture by filtration. Recycling experiments showed that PEG-TEMPO can be reused up to six times with no loss of catalytic activity.
Abstract 2724: Intravesical treatment with Vesicular Stomatitis virus decreases the size of bladder tumors without adversely affecting the health and well-being of immune-competent mice (2011)

Abstract Recent studies have shown that wild-type Vesicular Stomatitis virus (VSV) and the Δ51M recombinant IFN-inducing mutant of wild-type VSV (AV3) have powerful oncolytic activity against bladder cancer cells in an immune-compromised bladder cancer model. The objective of the current study was to determine the safety and efficacy of the wild-type VSV and AV3 when intravesically administered to an immune-competent bladder cancer model. Using an established orthotopic bladder cancer model, 100 µL of 108 pfu mL−1 wild-type VSV, AV3, or UV-inactivated wild-type VSV (UVI) was instilled into the urinary bladders of female C3H mice. Half of the mice had normal, healthy bladders and were instilled with the oncolytic virus on day 0, 2, and 4. The remaining mice were given non-muscle invasive bladder tumors through the transurethral instillation of luciferase expressing MBT-2 mouse bladder carcinoma cells. On day 5 after initial tumor inoculation, tumor-bearing mice were imaged for bioluminescence and tumor size was quantified. On days 6, 8, and 10 after the initial tumor inoculation, tumor-bearing mice were randomized for treatment, and wild-type VSV, AV3, or UVI was instilled into each mouse. Levels of tumor bioluminescence (a correlate of tumor size), and body weight (a key variable of animal health and indicator of treatment toxicity) were monitored for 22 days. Following three consecutive intravesical treatments of an oncolytic virus, there were no differences in weight between the treated mice (wild-type VSV and AV3) and the control mice (UV-inactivated wild-type VSV), regardless of tumor presence. In addition, tumor bioluminescence in the AV3 treated mice was slightly decreased (30%) compared to the control mice, but not different from the wild-type VSV treated mice. These data correspond to in vitro data which show that wild-type VSV and AV3 are inhibitors of proliferation in MBT-2 mouse bladder carcinoma cells. In conclusion, our data strongly suggest that oncolytic viruses such as wild-type VSV and its attenuated form, AV3, can be used to treat superficial bladder cancer in immune-competent mice, without adversely affecting the health and well-being of the animal. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2724. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2724
Use of Somatostatin and Somatostatin Analogs in a Patient with a Glucagonoma (1981)

The effects of somatostatin (SRIF) and, for the first time in man, three of its analogs were studied in a patient with a glucagonoma. Circulating levels of glucagon were greater than 50 ng/ml (normal, <0.2), with over 90% of high molecular weight (9,000–18,000). As in normals, SRIF infusion lowered both glucagon and insulin levels. With an infusion of 5 /μg/min, glucagon levels were lowered 80–85%, but remained above normal. Increasing the dose or continuing the infusion for up to 48 h had no further effect. Three SRIF analogs (D-Trp8; D-Cys14; and D-Trp8, D-Cys14) were equally effective in suppressing glucagon. All also caused a fall in insulin secretion, although at low doses [D-Trp8, D-Cys14]SRIF was relatively glucagon specific. The fall in glucagon produced by SRIF and two of the three analogs was accompanied by a fall in blood glucose. Interestingly, [D-Cys14]SRIF had no effect on blood glucose despite its potent effect on glucagon. During infusions, the patient noted a decrease in nausea and diarrhea, but no improvement in skin rash. Upon cessation of the infusions, there was a marked rebound, with glucagon levels of up to 400 ng/ml and an exacerbation of the gastrointestinal symptoms. These studies suggest that SRIF and its analogs all effectively lower glucagon levels. Although none is totally specific, [D-Trp8, D-Cys14]SRIF shows relative specificity at low doses. Glucagon synthesis is probably not inhibited, leading to a marked rebound after therapy. The gastrointestinal symptoms correlate well with the level of glucagon. Finally, based on the results with [DCys14] SRIF, the effect of SRIF on blood glucose, at least in this setting, appears to be independent of its effect on glucagon.
Pressure shifts and broadening of the Cs D1 and D2 lines by He, N2, and Xe at densities used for optical pumping and spin exchange polarization (2008)

The production of hyperpolarized gases by spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) requires exact knowledge of the alkali metal’s D1 absorption profile and the degree to which it is broadened and shifted by varying buffer gas composition and pressure. We have measured these parameters for cesium (Cs) in the presence of Xe, N2, and H4e perturber gases at densities up to 10 amagats. The effects of these gases are important as Cs is attracting increasing interest for SEOP applications. Our measurements were made using simple white-light illumination of the Cs vapor while characterizing the D1 (6S1/2 to 6P1/2) and D2 (6S1/2 to 6P3/2) resonances using a high-resolution optical spectrometer. For the Cs D1 resonance at T=120 °C, we report shifts from the 894.59 nm vacuum wavelength caused by H3e, H4e, N2, and Xe of −0.017±0.003, −0.013±0.002, 0.026±0.002, and 0.029±0.002 nm/amagat. We also report the shifts for the D2 resonance as well as pressure broadening coefficients for both resonances.
Turmeric/oregano formulations for treatment of diabetic ulcer wounds (2020)

Diabetic wound infections and pressure ulcers pose a significant challenge to healthcare providers worldwide. The current study provides new and innovative wound care products that reduce inflammation, clear infection, and improve healing in an animal model of pressure ulcers in diabetic rats. Ointment, hydrogel, and nanofiber dressings were synthesized using 5% turmeric, 1% oregano, and 1% chitosan nanoparticles and tested for antibacterial and cytotoxicity <i>in vitro</i>, and wound healing effects <i>in vivo</i>. Turmeric ethanolic extract showed high antioxidant activity compared to Oregano, Chitosan Nanoparticles, and Alginate silver (<i>p</i>-value < 0.0001). The ointment and hydrogel formulation (5% Turmeric, 1% Oregano, and 1% chitosan) showed lower cytotoxicity compared to the commercial Alginate silver dressing. Ointment, hydrogel formulations, and commercial Alginate silver, showed significant antibacterial activity with 100% efficacy on both <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>p</i>-value < 0.0001), compared to nanofibers which showed 50% reduction in bacterial growth (<i>p</i>-value < 0.0001). The new formulations were tested in a rat model of pressure ulcers. Ointment and nanofibers achieved complete wound healing by day 15 compared to the hydrogel and commercial Alginate silver dressing, which showed higher infection, and the wound remained partially open by day 21. In conclusion, Turmeric, Oregano extracts, and chitosan nanoparticles can be used for effective wound dressings in both diabetic and non-diabetic wounds. At relatively low concentrations, this combination provides a promising new wound treatment formulation that is antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant.
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Fluoropolymers as Non-Adhesive Interfaces in Marine Biofouling (2005)

Introduction Bioadhesion at polymer interfaces is an important issue in the biocompatibility of implants, drug delivery, tissue engineering or marine biofouling. Our work is focused on developing polymer surfaces to study and overcome the marine biofouling problem. When a surface is immersed in a marine environment, it rapidly adsorbs organic matter present in the water. This is followed by the formation of a microbial biofilm by settlement and growth of bacterial cells, diatoms, algal spores or protozoa. These organisms bind to the surface using what are referred to as extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which include biomacromolecules such as proteins and polysaccharides. Biofilm formation promotes the settlement of larger invertebrates such as barnacles. Biofouling of ships is undesirable because of increased fuel and maintenance costs. One way to prevent the formation of a biofilm is to develop surfaces that are resistant to adsorption of EPS of the biological cells. Binding forces are stronger in the case of high-energy surfaces such as glass or metals, compared to low-energy surfaces such as poly(dimethylsiloxane). Fluoropolymers are another important class of low energy surfaces, with the surface energy of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (18.5 mJ/m) comparable to that of PDMS (22 mJ/m). This paper will discuss liquid crystalline polymers with semifluorinated side chains that have surface energy values as low as 8 mJ/m, and strategies to overcome the problems normally encountered with fluoropolymers, namely, poor solubility in common solvents, poor adhesion to substrate, etc. Liquid crystallinity of the side-chains prevents molecular reconstruction under water, a phenomenon commonly observed when a hydrophobic surface is in contact with a polar medium. The distinct property of segregation of fluoropolymers to an air-polymer interface will also be discussed.
Supplementary Table S1 from Involvement of the TGF-β and β-Catenin Pathways in Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis in Early-Stage Cervical Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table S1 from Involvement of the TGF-β and β-Catenin Pathways in Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis in Early-Stage Cervical Cancer
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF ANALGESICS PART 38, REACTIONS OF 2‐(3‐SUBSTITUTED PHENYL)CYCLOHEXANONE WITH ETHYL ALPHA‐HALOACETATE (STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESES OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS PART 532) (1974)

Abstract Die 2‐arylsubstituierten Cyclohexanone (I) werden in Gegenwart von Natriumamid oder Natriumhydrid mit den Halogenessigsäureestern (II) umgesetzt.
Tuning the Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Selective Li‐ and Na‐Ion Storage in Hard Carbon (2017)

Solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) films with controllable properties are highly desirable for improving battery performance. In this paper, a combined experimental and theoretical approach is used to study SEI films formed on hard carbon in Li- and Na-ion batteries. It is shown that a stable SEI layer can be designed by precycling an electrode in a desired Li- or Na-based electrolyte, and that ionic transport can be kinetically controlled. Selective Li- and Na-based SEI membranes are produced using Li- or Na-based electrolytes, respectively. The Na-based SEI allows easy transport of Li ions, while the Li-based SEI shuts off Na-ion transport. Na-ion storage can be manipulated by tuning the SEI layer with film-forming electrolyte additives, or by preforming an SEI layer on the electrode surface. The Na specific capacity can be controlled to < 25 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> ; ≈ 1/10 of the normal capacity (250 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> ). Unusual selective/preferential transport of Li ions is demonstrated by preforming an SEI layer on the electrode surface and corroborated with a mixed electrolyte. This work may provide new guidance for preparing good ion-selective conductors using electrochemical approaches.
Expression of iron transport proteins divalent metal transporter‐1, Ferroportin‐1, HFE and transferrin receptor‐1 in human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (2006)

Iron is essential for cell survival and regulates many cell functions. In the context of the immune response, iron-related metabolism is tightly controlled in activated lymphocytes as well as in cells of the innate immunity. More precisely, for dendritic cells (DCs), which are the key cell type in the development of a specific immune response, the importance of iron absorption was recently unravelled by showing that depletion of iron inhibits the maturation of DCs. On this basis, we studied in detail the expression of iron transport proteins and HFE in DCs. We found that iron uptake in this cell type is mediated by divalent-metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and transferrin receptor-1 (TfR) whereas Ferroportin-1 is very weakly expressed. HFE that regulates TfR's activity is also detected at the mRNA level. The expression of DMT1 and HFE barely varies upon endotoxin-induced maturation but TfR is up-regulated and the iron export molecule Ferroportin-1 is down-regulated. As opposed to MHC class II molecules, the intracellular localization of TfR is not changed during maturation. Our results indicate that the uptake of iron during DCs development and maturation is mediated by a strong expression of iron-uptake molecules such as DMT1 and TfR as well as a down-regulation of iron export molecules such as Ferroportin-1.
Cryogenic Operation of Silicon Photonic Modulators. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Influence of mixing method on the cement temperature‐mixing time history and doughing time of three acrylic cements for vertebroplasty (2003)

Acrylic cements are increasingly being used to augment osteoporotic vertebrae in a procedure called vertebroplasty. Two significant factors that may complicate the use of acrylic cements are: (a) short handling time, which may result in insufficient filling of the vertebra; and (b) exothermic setting (curing) behavior, which may result in thermal damage of the surrounding tissue. It has been previously reported that mixing the cement components under oscillation, as compared to manual mixing, increases the handling time. More specifically, it seems that oscillatory mixing slows down the cement polymerization process and, consequently, widens the time window during which cement is injectable. However, the effect of oscillatory mixing on the exothermic setting behavior of cement undergoing polymerization has not been examined. In this study, the exothermic setting behavior of three commercially available acrylic cements--Antibiotic Simplex, DP-Pour&trade, and Vertebroplastic--were examined for both manual and oscillatory mixing methods. For each combination of cement and mixing method, the parameters that were measured were the exothermic setting curve (and hence the cement setting temperature and setting time) and the cement doughing time. It was found that oscillatory mixing had no significant effect on any of these parameters. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that, for the tested cements, the setting process is a reaction-controlled process rather than a diffusion-controlled one. Clinically, this implies that oscillatory mixing may be used to increase the working period for acrylic cements without increasing the risk of thermal damage to surrounding tissue.
The Essential Role of the Choriocapillaris in Vision: Novel Insights from Imaging and Molecular Biology (2022)

The choriocapillaris, a dense capillary network located at the posterior pole of the eye, is essential for supporting normal vision, supplying nutrients, and removing waste products from photoreceptor cells and the retinal pigment epithelium. The anatomical location, heterogeneity, and homeostatic interactions with surrounding cell types make the choroid complex to study both in vivo and in vitro. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing, in vivo imaging, and in vitro cell modeling are vastly improving our knowledge of the choroid and its role in normal health and in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Histologically, loss of endothelial cells (ECs) of the choriocapillaris occurs early in AMD concomitant with elevated formation of the membrane attack complex of complement. Advanced imaging has allowed us to visualize early choroidal blood flow changes in AMD in living patients, supporting histological findings of loss of choroidal ECs. Single-cell RNA sequencing is being used to characterize choroidal cell types transcriptionally and discover their altered patterns of gene expression in aging and disease. Advances in induced pluripotent stem cell protocols and 3D cultures will allow us to closely mimic the in vivo microenvironment of the choroid in vitro to better understand the mechanism leading to choriocapillaris loss in AMD.
Hydrogen Embrittlement of Stainless Steel (2011)

ステンレス鋼の水素脆性について，高圧水素ガス環境における水素環境脆化に関する最近の研究を中心に，化学組成の影響，水素吸収の影響，疲労特性の観点から概説した．低ひずみ速度引張試験（Slow Strain Rate Test，SSRT）により評価したステンレス鋼の水素環境脆化特性は，ひずみ誘起マルテンサイト相生成の観点から，化学組成の影響を強く受ける．SUS304Lのような合金元素含有量の少ないオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼はひずみ誘起マルテンサイト生成に伴い水素環境中で顕著な延性の低下を示す．SUS316LやA286のような安定オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼は水素環境脆化に対して充分な抵抗性を示す．水素環境脆化特性と水素吸収の相関も調査されている．HEE感受性と水溶液中の陰極チャージによる水素脆化特性は同じ水素吸収依存性を示すことから，水素環境脆化が外部の水素ガス環境からの水素吸収で引き起こされることが示唆される．高圧水素ガス環境における疲労特性が内外圧疲労試験により評価されている．SUS304のような準安定オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼は水素ガスにより疲労寿命の低下を示すが，SUS316Lのような安定オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の疲労寿命は水素の影響をほとんど受けない．析出強化型ステンレス鋼A286は水素ガスによる疲労寿命の低下を示し，転位のプラナー化や粒界のη相析出の影響が原因と考えられている．
7.3.5 Proposal of Contact Potential Promoted Oxide Semiconductor Gas sensors (2012)

Contact potential is generated always when an oxide semiconductor grain is contacted with another with different work function (hetero-contact). A novel type oxide semiconductor gas sensor making use of contact potential is obtained when grains of an oxide semiconductor (sensing oxide) are packed with grains of another (highly doped oxide or metal) to achieve such particular packing structure that allows the hetero-contact to act as a main path of electron transport. With a change in gas ambient, contact potential changes beside the surface electron density and hence the gas response can be promoted largely by the change of mobility of electrons as compared with the conventional devices.
Stimulation of apical H-K-ATPase in intercalated cells of cortical collecting duct with chronic metabolic acidosis (1996)

This study evaluated the role of H-K-adenosinetriphosphatase (H-K-ATPase) with chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA) in intercalated cells (ICs) of rabbit cortical collecting duct (CCD). CMA was induced by replacing drinking water with 75 mM NH4Cl in 5% sucrose for 10-14 days. CCDs isolated from CMA and control rabbits were split open and exposed to the intracellular pH (pHi) indicator 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. In N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid-buffered solutions, the resting pHi in ICs was similar for both groups. K-dependent pHi recovery (5 mM K, 140 mM N-methyl-D-glucamine) was monitored in response to a pulse of NH4Cl (10 mM). The K-dependent pHi recovery rate was threefold higher in CMAICs compared with controls and was abolished with the gastric H-K-ATPase inhibitor, Sch-28080 (10(-5) M). Polarity of the H-K-ATPase was studied in microperfused CMA and control CCDs. Luminal K-dependent pHi recovery was monitored in response to an acute pulse of NH4Cl in individual peanut lectin agglutinin (PNA)-binding ICs. The apical Sch-28080-inhibitable K-dependent pHi recovery rate was significantly greater in CMA ICs than control ICs. In summary, CMA enhances functional activity of an apical H-K-ATPase in PNA-binding ICs of rabbit CCD.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Effect of Target Dynamics on Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Therapeutic Antibody against the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: Implications for the Mechanisms of Action (2023)

Supplementary Materials and Methods from Effect of Target Dynamics on Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Therapeutic Antibody against the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: Implications for the Mechanisms of Action
Feasibility of Defibrillation and Automatic Arrhythmia Detection Using an Exclusively Subcutaneous Defibrillator System in Canines (2012)

Subcutaneous defibrillation using different electrode combinations with shock energies less than 80 J terminated all induced VFs. An automatic SICD proved effective in detecting and activating shock delivery in all cases.