gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calibration of a spatial light modulator containing dual frequency liquid crystal (2005)

Characterization and calibration process for a liquid crystal (LC) spatial light modulator (SLM) containing dual frequency liquid crystal is described. Special care was taken when dealing with LC cell gap non-uniformity and defect pixels. The calibration results were fed into a closed loop control algorithm to demonstrate correction of wavefront distortions. The performance characteristics of the device were reported. Substantial improvements were made in speed (bandwidth), resolution, power consumption and system weight/volume.
Enhanced Thermoplasmonic Oscillations in Metallic Nanostructured Particles for the Realization of Nanofluidic Sensors (2007)

We theoretically investigate the intense tunable nanofocusing of light in certain families of metallo-dielectric nanograin particles and topologically defected nanocylinders, mediated by thermoplasmonic resonances. By using versatile numerical algorithms, based on either exact 3-D electromagnetic scattering from canonical geometries, or discrete dipole approximation modeling for particles with arbitrary shapes, associated with the spectral as well as the thermooptical response of the proposed classes of plasmonic nanostructures, we identify the mechanisms responsible for the enhanced tunable thermoplasmonic resonances, by varying the ambient temperature. In addition it is found that the plasmonic resonances are also sensitive to the electric properties of the host medium, thus enabling this novel class of plasmonic nanoparticles to be used as fluidic (liquid/gas) sensors. Our investigation is expected to remove an essential obstacle in the development of nanosensing platforms with high sensitiveness to temperature fluctuations and ultracompact size, thus making the proposed plasmonic resonators excellent candidates for future nanoplasmonic sensing systems.
Sensitivity of FPGA power evaluation (2003)

Power dissipation is becoming a major concern among FPGA vendors. Recently, architectural studies have been published which attempt to quantify the effects of various architectural alternatives on the power dissipation of FPGAs. These studies are very sensitive to assumptions made during the experimentation. In this paper, we analyze the sensitivity of two of these assumptions: the primary input density and the routing algorithm. We show that both of these assumptions significantly impact the architectural results.
Source wavelet estimation using Marchenko focusing functions: Theory and laboratory data example (2017)

Marchenko redatuming allows one to compute redatumed wavefields that originate from arbitrary virtual sources in the subsurface using the one-sided reflection response acquired at the surface and an estimated background velocity model. One requirement for this redatuming method is the correct deconvolution of the source wavelet from the reflection data. Using an incorrect source wavelet for deconvolution results in inaccurate redatuming. An erroneous amplitude spectrum of the source wavelet results in unwanted coda events in the focusing function obtained by the Marchenko scheme. However, an incorrect phase spectrum leads to a distortion of primary reflections in the focusing function. In this work, we show that we can invert for the amplitude and phase spectrum of the source wavelet independently. The correct scaling of the amplitude spectrum of the source wavelet is determined by minimizing the coda events in the focusing functions. Assuming non-dispersive propagation and no phase shift is caused by the reflections, primary reflections in the focusing function can be used to estimate the phase spectrum of the source wavelet. The phase difference between the primary reflections and the wavelet of the first arrival used to initiate the redatuming directly yields the necessary correction to update the initial source wavelet correctly. The full source wavelet estimation approach is successfully applied to a synthetic example and to experimentally acquired laboratory data. Presentation Date: Wednesday, September 27, 2017 Start Time: 4:45 PM Location: 360D Presentation Type: ORAL
Removal of 17β Estradiol and Fluoranthene by Nanofiltration and Ultrafiltration (2004)

With the recent emergence of endocrine disrupting compounds as an important potable drinking water and reclaimed wastewater quality issue, the removal of two estrogenic compounds (17β-estradiol and fluoranthene) by nanofiltration and ultrafiltration membranes was investigated. A less hydrophobic organic compound model species [parachlorobenzoic acid (PCBA)] was tested. 17β-estradiol (E2), fluoranthene, and PCBA were applied to the membrane in the presence and absence of natural organic matter (NOM). Both batch adsorption and dead-end stirred-cell filtration experiments indicated that adsorption is an important mechanism for transport/removal of relatively hydrophobic compounds, and is related to the octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW) values. All filtration measurements were performed approximately the same permeate flow rate in order to minimize artifacts from concentration polarization varied with different hydrodynamic operating conditions at the membrane interface. The percent removal by dead-end stirred-cell filtration ranged from 10 to >95% depending upon membrane pore size/hydrophobicity and presence/absence of NOM at an initial concentration ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 μM. Additional batch adsorption experiments with radio-label (3H) E2 at lower concentrations ranging 0.025 to 5 nM showed that E2 removal due to adsorption was independent of its initial concentration. Adsorption occurs both on the membrane surface and interior membrane pore surfaces. However, adsorption was insignificant for PCBA (logKOW=2.7), but removal presumably occurred due to electrostatic exclusion. Partition coefficients (logK) of 0.44 to 4.86 measured in this study increased with logKOW and membrane pore size.
Redes 5G como desarrollo de las redes NGN (2021)

El presente documento busca presentar un estudio breve de las redes de quinta generación, o 5G, como parte del desarrollo futuro de las redes de nueva generación. Iniciando por una contextualización de la evolución de las redes móviles celulares, pasando por las características de estas redes, las posibilidades que pueden brindar para el ecosistema digital y finalmente centrándose en el espectro radioeléctrico necesario para su puesta en marcha, mostrando las bandas de frecuencia utilizables para esta tecnología, las definidas hasta ahora por parte de la ANE en Colombia y las tendencias mundiales
Neuronal apoptosis in HIV infection in adults (1995)

Productive infection of the central nervous system by HIV predominantly involves the white matter and basal ganglia. Involvement of the cerebral cortex with neuronal loss is also described in AIDS patients but not in asymptomatic HIV-positive patients. The mechanism of neuronal damage is unknown. To enquire whether neuronal loss in AIDS may be due to an apoptotic process, we examined the cerebral cortex from 12 patients who died from AIDS using two different methods: in situ end labelling and gel electrophoresis of DNA to demonstrate DNA fragmentation. None of the patients had cerebral opportunistic infection or tumour. Four patients had no significant neuropathological changes, eight patients had variable cerebral atrophy and four of them also had productive HIV infection of the brain. These patients were compared with four HIV-positive asymptomatic patients, five seronegative asymptomatic controls, and two seronegative patients with Alzheimer's disease. We demonstrated neuronal apoptosis in the cortex in all AIDS patients, as well as in the Alzheimer's patients. Apoptosis was not observed in the asymptomatic cases whether seropositive or seronegative. Neuronal apoptosis was more severe in atrophic brains, and did not directly correlate with productive HIV infection, suggesting an indirect mechanism of neuronal damage is most likely.
Association of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors with outcomes in type 2 diabetes with reduced and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: Analysis from the CVD‐REAL 2 study (2021)

This study of real-world data from the Maccabi database in Israel compared the risk of heart failure hospitalization (HHF) or death in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiating sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs (OGLDs) according to baseline left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). After propensity-matching patients by baseline EF there were 10 614 episodes of treatment initiation; 57% had diabetes for >10 years, the mean glycated haemoglobin level was 66 mmol/mol (8.2%), ∼43% had cardiovascular disease, ∼7% had heart failure and ∼ 20% had chronic kidney disease. A total of 2876 patients (∼9%) had reduced EF (<50%). Over a mean follow-up of 1.5 years there were 371 HHFs or deaths, 88 (23.7%) in patients with reduced EF. Initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors versus OGLDs was associated with lower risk of HHF or death overall (hazard ratio [HR] 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46-0.70]; P < 0.001) and in patients with both reduced EF (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.40-0.93) and preserved EF (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.43-0.70), with no significant heterogeneity (P<sub>interaction</sub> = 0.72). Our findings from real-world clinical practice show that the lower risk of HHF and death associated with use of SGLT2 inhibitors versus OGLDs is consistent in T2D patients with both reduced and preserved EF.
Berichtigung: Noncovalent Hydrogel Beads as Microcarriers for Cell Culture (2016)

In Abbildung 2 c dieser Zuschrift wurde die horizontale Achse fälschlicherweise mit “t/h” anstelle richtig mit “t/min” beschriftet. Die korrigierte Version von Abbildung 1 c ist daher hier gezeigt. Die Autoren bitten, diesen Fehler zu entschuldigen. […] c) Release of fluorescence-labeled IgG antibodies from hydrogel beads (10 mg mL−1).
Transcranial Focused Ultrasound for Non-invasive Neuromodulation of the Visual Cortex (2020)

Currently, blindness cannot be cured and patients' living quality can be compromised severely. Ultrasonic neuromodulation is a promising technology for the development of non-invasive cortical visual prosthesis. We investigated the feasibility of transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) for noninvasive stimulation of the visual cortex to develop improved visual prosthesis. tFUS was used to successfully evoke neural activities in the visual cortex (VC) of both normal and retinal degenerate (RD) blind rats. Our results showed that blind rats showed more robust responses to ultrasound stimulation compared to normal rats. (p<; 0.001, two-sample t-test). Three different types of ultrasound waveforms were used in the three experimental groups. Different types of cortical activities were observed when different US waveforms were used. In all rats, when stimulated with continuous ultrasound waves, only short-duration responses were observed at `US on & off' time points. In comparison, pulsed waves evoked longer low-frequency responses. Testing different parameters of pulsed waves showed that a pulse repetition frequency higher than 100Hz is required to obtain the low-frequency responses. Based on the observed cortical activities, we inferred that acoustic radiation force (ARF) is the predominant physical mechanism of ultrasound neuromodulation.
66.4: Spatial‐temporal Division in Field Sequential Color Technique for Color Filterless LCD (2007)

Abstract For color filterless display, a novel spatial and temporal division (STD) field sequence color (FSC) display technique divides each frame into many temporary sub‐frames for improving color breakup (CBU) and motion blur effects. Fast refresh frequencies enhance the image quality. Spatial and temporal division achieves low cost and power consumption. Keywords: field sequential color, liquid crystal display, color breakup, color filterless, Motion Blur, LED Backlight.
Microwave assisted ion exchange in silicate glass (2014)

Distribution of electrical field gradients developing upon microwave heating glass parts immersed in an alkaline salt melt is analyzed by simulation. It is assumed that such gradients influence the process of ion exchange between the molten salt and the silicate glass immersed in it. It is shown that strong E-field gradients exist between the melt and the solid glass which could enhance ion transport due to an electro-migration effect superimposing the concentration gradient. In addition, interaction of the solid glass with microwave radiation could facilitate stress relaxation in the glass, which upon thermally induced ion exchange is retarding diffusion of alkali ions. A special microwave applicator has been developed which enables equilibration of inhomogeneous electromagnetic field distribution by mechanical movement of the samples subjected to ion exchange in order to analyze the overall effect of electromagnetic filed influence on ion exchange phenomena.
Optimization of Radiation Dosing Schedules (2017)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. January 2017. Major: Industrial and Systems Engineering. Advisor: Kevin Leder. 1 computer file (PDF); ix, 164 pages.
Mineralocorticoid Escape by the Kidney But Not the Heart in Experimental Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction (2007)

Unlike healthy subjects, overt congestive heart failure cannot "escape" the sodium- and water-retaining actions of mineralocorticoid excess. It is undefined whether escape occurs in asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction (ALVD), which is characterized by preserved sodium homeostasis, natriuretic peptide activation, and normal circulating aldosterone. We hypothesized that, in ALVD, mineralocorticoid excess with exogenous deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) would overwhelm renal compensatory mechanisms, resulting in sodium and water retention, and promote renal and cardiac collagen deposition. ALVD was induced in 2 groups (N=5 each) of dogs by tachypacing at 180 bpm. Urine was collected daily and blood drawn at baseline and days 2, 5, 8, and 11. One group served as control (ALVD), and the other received DOCA (ALVD+DOCA) starting at day 2 of pacing. Urine flow and sodium excretion were unchanged in the ALVD group. In ALVD+DOCA, urine flow and sodium excretion decreased on the first 2 days DOCA was given but normalized starting day 4. Urine flow and urinary cGMP excretion increased in ALVD+DOCA after DOCA escape. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, B-type natriuretic peptide, and cGMP increased equally in both groups. There were no differences in cardiorenal and hemodynamic parameters in an acute study on day 11. Although renal collagen area fraction was similar, left ventricular collagen area fraction in ALVD+DOCA was significantly higher than in ALVD (3.3+/-0.4% versus 2.0+/-0.2%; P=0.012). We conclude that ALVD can escape the sodium- and water-retaining effects of mineralocorticoid excess. Despite renal escape, increased left ventricular collagen deposition suggests that the heart but not the kidney failed to escape the tissue effects of DOCA.
Roadmap to Gigahertz Organic Transistors (2019)

Abstract Despite the large body of research conducted on organic transistors, the transit frequency of organic field‐effect transistors has seen virtually no improvement for a decade and remains far below 1 GHz. One reason is that most of the research is still focused on improving the charge‐carrier mobility, a parameter that has little influence on the transit frequency of short‐channel transistors. By examining the fundamental equations for the transit frequency of field‐effect transistors and by extrapolating recent progress on the relevant device parameters, a roadmap to gigahertz organic transistors is derived.
Aerobic Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides Catalyzed by Gold/Manganese Oxides (2013)

Abstract Although selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides with molecular oxygen is a difficult reaction due to the overoxidation to sulfone, manganese oxides were found to catalyze the aerobic oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides in 1,2-dichlorobenzene at 100 °C with a high selectivity above 99%. The catalytic activity depends on the preparation methods and conditions of manganese oxides but not on the valences of manganese. The deposition of Pd and Pt on manganese oxides was detrimental, whereas the deposition of Au enhanced the catalytic activity and selectivity.
Protoporphyrin IX fluorescence contrast in invasive glioblastomas is linearly correlated with Gd enhanced magnetic resonance image contrast but has higher diagnostic accuracy (2011)

The sensitivity and specificity of in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is compared with production of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), determined ex vivo, in a diffusely infiltrating glioma. A human glioma transfected with green fluorescent protein, displaying diffuse, infiltrative growth, was implanted intracranially in athymic nude mice. Image contrast from corresponding regions of interest (ROIs) in in vivo MR and ex vivo fluorescence images was quantified. It was found that all tumor groups had statistically significant PpIX fluorescence contrast and that PpIX contrast demonstrated the best predictive power for tumor presence. Contrast from gadolinium enhanced T1-weighted (T1W+Gd) and absolute T2 images positively predicted the presence of a tumor, confirmed by the GFP positive (GFP+) and hematoxylin and eosin positive (H&E+) ROIs. However, only the absolute T2 images had predictive power from controls in ROIs that were GFP+ but H&E negative. Additionally, PpIX fluorescence and T1W+Gd image contrast were linearly correlated in both the GFP+ (r = 0.79, p<1×10(-8)) and H&E+ (r = 0.74, p<0.003) ROIs. The trace diffusion images did not have predictive power or significance from controls. This study indicates that gadolinium contrast enhanced MR images can predict the presence of diffuse tumors, but PpIX fluorescence is a better predictor regardless of tumor vascularity.
Data from Cobomarsen, an Oligonucleotide Inhibitor of miR-155, Slows DLBCL Tumor Cell Growth <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;miRNA-155 is an oncogenic miRNA highly expressed in B-cell malignancies, particularly in the non–germinal center B-cell or activated B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), where it is considered a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Thus, miR-155 inhibition represents an important therapeutic strategy for B-cell lymphomas. In this study, we tested the efficacy and pharmacodynamic activity of an oligonucleotide inhibitor of miR-155, cobomarsen, in ABC-DLBCL cell lines and in corresponding xenograft mouse models. In addition, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy and safety of cobomarsen in a patient diagnosed with aggressive ABC-DLBCL.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Preclinical studies included the delivery of cobomarsen to highly miR-155–expressing ABC-DLBCL cell lines to assess any phenotypic changes, as well as intravenous injections of cobomarsen in NSG mice carrying ABC-DLBCL xenografts, to study tumor growth and pharmacodynamics of the compound over time. To begin to test its safety and therapeutic efficacy, a patient was recruited who underwent five cycles of cobomarsen treatment.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Cobomarsen decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in ABC-DLBCL cell lines. Intravenous administration of cobomarsen in a xenograft NSG mouse model of ABC-DLBCL reduced tumor volume, triggered apoptosis, and derepressed direct miR-155 target genes. Finally, the compound reduced and stabilized tumor growth without any toxic effects for the patient.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Our findings support the potential therapeutic application of cobomarsen in ABC-DLBCL and other types of lymphoma with elevated miR-155 expression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Experiment 5: Science and Technology of Surface Controlled Oscillations: Report on USML-2 Results (1998)

Minuscule amounts (e.g., 1 part in 10,000) of a surface-active material in a liquid can drastically affect the surface behavior of the liquid, influencing how the material flows and mixes with other liquid and solid materials. In many respects, the science of surfactants has been empirical, with trial and error dominating over the ability to predict how surfactant type and concentration influence surface behavior. A program for the modeling of surfactant behavior has been established at Yale. This program combines experimental work performed both on the ground and in space, and theoretical and numerical modeling. By levitating a drop of liquid in air, away from solid container surfaces, and by manipulating the drop with acoustic radiation forces, we have been able to establish idealized conditions for surface behavior studies. The primary experiments involve the study of the free oscillations of initially deformed drops. In STS-73, the USML-2 mission of the Space Shuttle, we performed the following measurements: 1) the oscillation of a spherical drop in its quadrupole mode; 2) the oscillation of a drop about a deformed (oblate) shape; 3) the slow static squeezing of the drop from spherical to nearly flat; and 4) the superoscillations of drops when the radiation forces maintaining the drop in a flattened state are suddenly reduced. Analytic and numerical studies have enabled us to understand the physics of these oscillations and to extract material properties such as the dynamic surface tension and the surface viscosities (shear and dilatational). The relation to ground-based studies is essential, because the knowledge and understanding gleaned from our space studies enable us to interpret ground-based data.
Antigenic and molecular characterization of a herpesvirus isolated from a North American elk (2000)

ElkHV is antigenically and genetically distinguishable from BHV-1. However, the viruses are serologically related and share at least 6 antigenic determinants, one of which is a major neutralizing determinant.
The Early Phase of Pyroptosis Induced by <i>Shigella</i> Is Dependent on Ipaf but Not ASC (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Caspase-1-deficient (A and D), Ipaf-deficient (B and E), or ASC-deficient BMMs (C and F) were infected with &lt;i&gt;Shigella&lt;/i&gt; WT (A–C) or TTSS mutant S325 (D–F). LDH released from infected BMMs were quantified at the indicated time. Error bars represent mean ± SD.&lt;/p&gt;
A 528 channel system for the acquisition and display of defibrillation and electrocardiographic potentials (2002)

A 528 channel data acquisition and display system has been developed which allows the authors to study electrical therapies of the heart. The acquisition system records defibrillation shock potentials and electrograms from the heart. The display system presents animated sequences of potentials or their derivative on a two dimensional projection of the recording array. Using the system, the authors measured the distribution of potentials on the heart during transvenous defibrillation shocks in pigs. For failed defibrillation shocks near threshold, the authors studied the post-shock activation sequences that led to reinitiation of fibrillation. The earliest epicardial activation following failed shocks was in the region of the heart opposite and inferior to the right ventricular electrode. The first few beats were organized and rapid. The rapid activation led to unidirectional block and reentry after 3 or 4 beats. This mapping system provides a comprehensive tool for studying electrical therapies of the heart.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>