gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns (2008)

We extensively investigated in vitro and in vivo the toxicities of as-grown single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs), a tubular nanocarbon containing no metal impurity. The SWNHs were found to be a nonirritant and a nondermal sensitizer through skin primary and conjunctival irritation tests and skin sensitization test. Negative mutagenic and clastogenic potentials suggest that SWNHs are not carcinogenic. The acute peroral toxicity of SWNHs was found to be quite low--the lethal dosage for rats was more than 2000 mg/kg of body weight. Intratracheal instillation tests revealed that SWNHs rarely damaged rat lung tissue for a 90-day test period, although black pigmentation due to accumulated nanohorns was observed. While further toxicological assessments, including chronic (repeated dose), reproductive, and developmental toxicity studies, are still needed, yet the present results strongly suggest that as-grown SWNHs have low acute toxicities.
TSPO 18 kDa (PBR) Targeted Photosensitizers for Cancer Imaging (PET) and PDT (2010)

Translocator protein (TSPO) 18 kDa overexpression has been observed in a large variety of human cancers, especially breast cancers. PK 11195, an isoquinoline analogue, is one of the ligands of highest TSPO binding affinity. Due to the long biological half life of our photosensitizers, there is a need to label them with a long lived radioisotope, for example I-124. Our objectives are to find translocator protein targeted photosensitizers for both tumor imaging (PET) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). I-PK 11195 is conjugated with the tumor avid photosensitizer HPPH. We find that those two tumor avid components complement each other and make the conjugate molecule even more tumor avid; compared to the photosensitizer itself, the conjugate is found to show improved PDT efficacy. It is concluded that I-PK 11195 can be a good vehicle to deliver radionuclide and photosensitizer to TSPO overexpressed tumor regions. Such conjugates could be useful for both tumor imaging (PET) and PDT.
TNT (2004)

With the evolving functionality in television-based (TV-based) information and entertainment appliances, there is an increased need to enable users input text through remote control devices. We present a novel text input method, The Numpad Typer (TNT), for interactive TV, multimedia home terminals or other similar applications. Embodied in a TV remote control and guided by a visual map on the TV screen, TNT was designed for consistent spatial Stimuli-Response (S-R) compatibility and consistency of use. Five users tested TNT in ten sessions of 45-minutes. This initial investigation showed that users on average could type 9.3 and 17.7 correct words per minute with TNT doing the slowest and the fastest session respectively. The study also showed that the users found the TNT method easy to grasp and fun to use. Subjectively the participants felt they mastered the method rather quickly in comparison to their actual speed improvement.
Synthesis of a Novel Conformationally Locked Carbocyclic Nucleoside Ring System. (2003)

A fast and efficient synthetic route to novel Northern locked carbocyclic nucleosides (as precursors of carbocyclic locked nucleic acids or\ncLNAs) is described. The target nucleoside with a oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ring system was prepared from a simple starting material, diethyl\nmalonate. Ring closure by intramolecular O-alkylation provided the target ring system as the major isomer over the [3.2.0] oxetane system.\nThe adenine moiety was introduced through a reactive triflate after inversion of the stereochemistry of the corresponding alcohol by oxidation\nand reduction.
In Vivo Anti-Tumor Activity of Atiprimod on SCID Models of Multiple Myeloma. (2005)

Abstract Atiprimod (N-N-diethl-8, 8-dipropyl-2-azaspiro [4.5] decane-2-propanamine) is an orally bio-available cationic amphiphilic agent previously studied for its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. We previously demonstrated that Atiprimod, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, inhibits myeloma cell growth and survival in IL-6 independent (OPM1) as well as dependent (INA-6) MM cell-lines with an IC50 in the range of 0.5–2 μM. We have now further characterized the molecular changes in MM cells induced by Atiprimod, evaluating the gene expression profile of INA-6 and OPM-1 cells exposed to this drug. Following 24 h treatment, Atiprimod induced significant down-regulation of genes involved in growth and cell-cycle control (CDC14, CDC2-like 5, Cyclin-E binding protein 1 and MDM2), adhesion (ITGA-6, ITGA-X, ADAM-17, CDH-3, CDH-6, CTNND-1, PECAM-1 and MADCAM-1) cell-signalling pathways (PRKAB-1, Mapk-7, GPR-125 and GPR-32), up-regulation of genes implicated in apoptotic cascades (TNFAIP-3, TNFSF-10, TNFRSF-10c, CDKN2A and CDKN1A) and in negative regulation of signal transduction (RGS-4 and IGFBP-5). We next evaluated the in vivo activity of Atiprimod using three SCID mouse models of human MM: 1) To evaluate effects of Atiprimod directly on MM cells, we used SCID mice bearing subcutaneous OPM1 tumors and treated i.p. with Atiprimod or vehicle alone (PBS) on alternate days for 7 days. In this model 31%, 48% and 55% inhibition of tumor growth were observed in mice treated with Atiprimod at 20, 30 and 50 mg/kg, respectively, compared to control group. 2) To evaluate effects of Atiprimod on MM cells in the context of a human BM microenvironment, we used SCID mice implanted with a human fetal bone chip (SCID-hu) engrafted with IL-6-dependant INA-6 cells and treated i.p. with Atiprimod (40 mg/kg) or vehicle alone (PBS) for two weeks. The response was evaluated by detection of serum soluble human IL-6 receptor (shuIL-6R) released by MM cells in murine serum. We observed a 60% reduction in shuIL-6R level in mice treated with Atiprimod versus control group. 3) Finally, to evaluate effects of Atiprimod on primary patient cells in a human microenvironment, we used SCID-hu mice engrafted with patient MM cells (IgG λ) and treated i.p. with Atiprimod (50 mg/kg) or vehicle alone (PBS) for 4 weeks. Treatment with Atiprimod induced a reduction in both human IgG and λ light chain levels in mouse sera, whereas levels of both proteins continued to rise in mice treated with vehicle alone. Taken together these data demonstrate the in vivo anti-tumor activity of Atiprimod and provide a rational for its clinical evaluation in MM. Based on these data the drug is presently in a multi-site Phase I/IIa clinical trial in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM).
Local Cooling Control of Data Centers With Adaptive Vent Tiles (2009)

Local airflow distribution in data center environments has historically been accomplished through ventilation tiles distributed over a raised floor air distribution plenum. The tiles are initially configured upon the commissioning of the facility and, as IT equipment configuration changes with time, the tiles are adjusted accordingly. However, tile adjustment is a manual process that is error-prone and often non-intuitive. Tile flow rates are a strong function of under floor plenum pressure distribution which is subject to change as tile layouts are reconfigured. Thermal models are often developed to assist with layout changes, but these models can be time-consuming to generate and require skilled users to achieve accurate results. This paper presents an adaptive vent tile (AVT) for use in raised floor data centers that can adapt to the needs of nearby IT equipment. We present a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) AVT controller that automatically and dynamically adjusts a multiplicity of AVT openings in coordination such that thermal management requirements are met with minimum use of airflow. We describe the development of dynamic models and algorithm design of the MIMO controller. The controller was evaluated with a set of AVT units in a production data center environment. Results show that the controller can optimize local airflow distribution, provide fine-grained rack intake temperature control and respond to disturbances in a manner that is not achievable through static distribution of tiles.
Cyclohexadienone Ketals and Quinols: Four Building Blocks Potentially Useful for Enantioselective Synthesis (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
L'hepcidine, le chef d'orchestre de l'homéostasie du fer (2009)

Dans un organisme en bonne santé le fer est en mouvement permanent entre les sites où il est absorbé (le duodénum), où il est utilisé (principalement la moelle osseuse) et où il est stocké (le foie et la rate). L'homéostasie de ces mouvements de fer repose sur le contrôle strict de plusieurs paramètres tels que l'absorption intestinale du fer, son utilisation pour l'érythropoïèse, le recyclage du fer à partir des globules rouges défecteux ou en fin de vie et enfin la bonne gestion des stocks de fer par les hépatocytes et les macrophages. Les maladies humaines qui affectent l'homéostasie du fer sont invariablement des désordres qui affectent ces mouvements et la distribution du fer dans les différents organes. L'anémie ferriprive, les hémochromatoses et les anémies des états inflammatoires chroniques entrent tous dans cette catégorie. Cet article est centré sur une hormone, l'hepcidine, qui joue un rôle central dans cette homéostasie et dont la quantité est altérée dans toutes ces pathologies.
Equidistant permutation arrays: a bound (1982)

Abstract An equidistant permutation array is a ν × r array A ( r , λ;ν) defined on a r -set X such that every row of A is a permutation of X and any two distinct rows agree in precisely λ common columns. Define In this paper, we show that where n = r − λ. Certain results pertaining to irreducible equidistant permutation arrays are also established.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILER CHARAKTER VON ALKYLRADIKALEN 6. MITT. NEUE BEQUEME SELEKTIVE ALKYLIERUNG VON HETEROAROMATISCHEN BASEN (1971)

Abstract Aus Carbonsäuren, z.B. (II), werden mit Hilfe von Ag‐Salzen und Peroxydisulfat durch oxidative Decarboxylierung die entsprechenden Alkylradikale gebildet, die dann z.B. mit Isochinolin (I) die alkylierten Verbindungen (III) ergeben.
Holographic rugate structures for x-ray optics applications (1990)

Physical Optics Corporation (POC) has proposed and investigated a novel approach to x-ray optics during this DOE-sponsored three-year program, based on our well-established technologies in volume holography and holographic materials. With these technologies, a majority of conventional XUV optical elements, such as uniform and nonuniform gratings/multilayers, lenses, slanted (non-Snellian) mirrors, Fresnel zone-plates, concentrators/collimators, beam splitters, Fabry-Perot etalons, and binary optical elements, can be fabricated using a unified, low cost process. Furthermore, volume holography offer nonconventional optical elements, such as x-ray holographic optical elements (HOEs) with any desirable wavefront formation characteristics and multiple gratings multiplexed in the same volume to perform different operations for different wavelengths, that are difficult or even impossible to produce with the existing technologies.
Radiation Dosimetric Determination from Animal to Human (2008)

It is important to assess the deleterious effects of newly developed radiopharmaceutical in humans. These effects arise from the absorption of energy in tissues and depend on a number of factors such as organ size or location. Because of the variations of the factors from one individual to another, the effects of the radiopharmaceutical were evaluated on “reference” man. The radiation absorbed dose can be calculated semi-automatically by computer software “OLINDA”. From temporal sampling study or quantitative dynamic imaging study, area under the curve of percent injection dose in each organ can be calculated, and converted to the residence time of each organ. With the information of radionuclide, phantom model used as “reference” man, and the residence time of each organ, the OLINDA gives the absorbed dose of each organ and effective dose of the radiopharmaceutical.
Identification of mTOR as a novel bifunctional target in chronic myeloid leukemia: dissection of growth‐inhibitory and VEGF‐suppressive effects of rapamycin in leukemic cells (2005)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has recently been described to be constitutively activated in Bcr-Abl-transformed cells and to mediate rapamycin-induced inhibition of growth in respective cell lines. We have recently shown that rapamycin down-regulates expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a mediator of leukemia-associated angiogenesis, in primary CML cells. In the present study, we analyzed growth-inhibitory in vitro and in vivo effects of rapamycin on primary CML cells and asked whether rapamycin-induced suppression of VEGF in leukemic cells is related to growth inhibition. Rapamycin dose dependently inhibited growth of primary CML cells obtained from patients with imatinib-responsive or imatinib-resistant disease as well as growth of Bcr-Abl-transformed imatinib-resistant cell lines. Moreover, we observed potent cytoreductive effects of rapamycin in a patient with imatinib-resistant Bcr-Abl+ leukemia. The growth-inhibitory effects of rapamycin on CML cells were found to be associated with G1 cell cycle arrest and with induction of apoptosis. In all cell types tested, rapamycin was found to down-regulate expression of VEGF. However, exogenously added VEGF did not counteract the rapamycin-induced decrease in proliferation. In conclusion, rapamycin inhibits growth of CML cells in vitro and in vivo and, in addition, down-regulates expression of VEGF. Both effects may contribute to the antileukemic activity of the drug in CML.
Impact of the Age-Adjusted D-Dimer Cutoff to Exclude Pulmonary Embolism (2021)

Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) relies on the sequential use of pretest probability (PTP), plasma D-dimer, and computed tomography pulmonary angiography. D-dimer &lt;500 µg/L safely excludes PE in association with a low or intermediate (nonhigh) PTP in approximately one-third of outpatients. To increase the clinical usefulness of D-dimer, a cutoff adjusted to patient’s age was explored. [...]
Role of Simultaneous Source Technology in Seismic Industry (2011)

Simultaneous source method has been investigated in the past in the context of efficient seismic data acquisition; however recently due to its computational efficiency in imaging, simulation and inversion the momentum in this field has increased. At ExxonMobil, simultaneous source technology has been an active research topic for many years in several areas ranging from acquisition, imaging and recently in full-wavefield inversion (FWI).
Salmonella modulates metabolism during growth under conditions that induce expression of virulence genes (2013)

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a facultative pathogen that uses complex mechanisms to invade and proliferate within mammalian host cells. To investigate possible contributions of metabolic processes to virulence in S. Typhimurium grown under conditions known to induce expression of virulence genes, we used a metabolomics-driven systems biology approach coupled with genome-scale modeling. First, we identified distinct metabolite profiles associated with bacteria grown in either rich or virulence-inducing media and report the most comprehensive coverage of the S. Typhimurium metabolome to date. Second, we applied an omics-informed genome-scale modeling analysis of the functional consequences of adaptive alterations in S. Typhimurium metabolism during growth under our conditions. Modeling efforts highlighted a decreased cellular capability to both produce and utilize intracellular amino acids during stationary phase culture in virulence conditions, despite significant abundance increases for these molecules as observed by our metabolomics measurements. Furthermore, analyses of omics data in the context of the metabolic model indicated rewiring of the metabolic network to support pathways associated with virulence. For example, cellular concentrations of polyamines were perturbed, as well as the predicted capacity for secretion and uptake.
AUTOMATED ELECTRON DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY ON NANOANATASE AND GOYAZITE FROM CLAY COVER OF BAUXITE DEPOSITS IN THE AMAZON (2022)

Since naturally occurring minerals typically have particle sizes from microns to several nanometers, their investigation, from sampling to individual particle analysis, is a challenging task. This work reports the detection of anatase, which occurs mainly in tropical soils and upon weathering in laterite. Little knowledge of this omnipresent accessory nanomineral, showing strong affinity to the soil formation processes and lateritic profiles is presently available. In bauxites the nano-anatase crystal morphology have not been reported yet. The samples were collected in a bauxite mine south of the Amazon (Juruti, Brazil). The chemical enrichment of anatase was carried out with H2TiF6 and the resulting powders could be characterized with SEM, XRPD and EDX. Subsequently, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to analyze the chemical composition of individual anatase particles by EDX and the unique method of automated electron diffraction tomography (ADT), which probes the reciprocal space of individual nanoparticles. Associated with anatase, crandallite mineral group was also detected. Keywords: kaolinite; iron oxyhydroxides; gorceixite; goyazite; Juruti
Preparation morphology and properties of reduced graphene oxide/natural rubber nanocomposites. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Surface potential modulation as a tool for mitigating challenges in SERS-based microneedle sensors (2022)

Abstract Raman spectroscopic-based biosensing strategies are often complicated by low signal and the presence of multiple chemical species. While surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanostructured platforms are able to deliver high quality signals by focusing the electromagnetic field into a tight plasmonic hot-spot, it is not a generally applicable strategy as it often depends on the specific adsorption of the analyte of interest onto the SERS platform. This paper describes a strategy to address this challenge by using surface potential as a physical binding agent in the context of microneedle sensors. We show that the potential-dependent adsorption of different chemical species allows scrutinization of the contributions of different chemical species to the final spectrum, and that the ability to cyclically adsorb and desorb molecules from the surface enables efficient application of multivariate analysis methods. We demonstrate how the strategy can be used to mitigate potentially confounding phenomena, such as surface reactions, competitive adsorption and the presence of molecules with similar structures. In addition, this decomposition helps evaluate criteria to maximize the signal of one molecule with respect to others, offering new opportunities to enhance the measurement of analytes in the presence of interferants.
Interleukin-6 and Hospital Length of Stay after Open-heart Surgery. (2012)

Besides the replication of the previous finding in linking postoperative IL-6 and perfusion time, the study demonstrated the link between postoperative plasma IL-6 and LOH.
A Survey on Visual Analytics of Social Media Data (2020)

The unprecedented availability of social media data offers substantial opportunities for data owners, system operators, solution providers, and end users to explore and understand social dynamics. However, the exponential growth in the volume, velocity, and variability of social media data prevents people from fully utilizing such data. Visual analytics, which is an emerging research direction, ha...
Novel cancer therapies: more efficacy, less toxicity and improved organ preservation (2000)

Novel approaches to the treatment of cancer include techniques such as gene therapy, antiangiogenic therapy, monoclonal antibodies either alone or linked with radioactive isotopes or cytotoxins, cancer immunotherapy and vaccines, oligonucleotides and antisense technologies as well as anticancer drugs targeting single metabolic processes, enzymes or oncoproteins. However, substantial improvements are also being made in more conventional cancer treatment modalities. These comprise radiotherapy given concomitantly with chemotherapy, which appears to improve treatment results in a number of common types of human cancer. Other important advances include conformal and intensity-modulated radiation therapy, which may allow for higher target doses with little or no increase in toxicity. Stereotactic radiation therapy for extracranial targets is also being developed, as well as biologically targeted radiation therapy, in which targeting is based on metabolic pathways or carrier molecules, such as boronated compounds in boron neutron capture therapy or monoclonal antibodies in radioimmunotherapy. Sentinel node biopsy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer represent advances in surgery and cancer chemotherapy, which may also allow for a greater chance for organ and tissue preservation without a loss in treatment efficacy.
Feasibility Study of Cable Routing for Bi-Planar Trajectory Tracking in Cable Driven Lower Limb Exoskeleton (2022)

Although Cable driven rehabilitation devices (CDRD) have advantages over traditional link-driven devices, including lightweight, ease of reconfiguration, remote actuation, etc, the majority of existing lower-limb CDRD is limited to rehabilitation in the sagittal plane. In this work, we extend our previous sagittal plane model (2DOF) to accommodate hip motion in the frontal plane (abduction/adduction) toward studying the feasibility of tracking bi-planar motion (combined frontal and sagittal plane motion) via intra-planar cable routing. Two optimization problems have been formulated to estimate an optimal location of the hip cuffs, first to estimate the optimal cuff location at each time step to identify a single ‘averaged’ optimal cuff location and second to calculate a single optimal cuff location for the entire gait cycle. The optimization solutions identified for the 3DOF model revealed that optimization of the location of cuffs on the anterior and posterior side of the hip joint for 4 cable configuration is not sufficient to generate the desired bi-planar motion. For simultaneous tracking of the bi-planar motion, 2 additional cables have been added at hip joints and are routed in an intra-planar manner. The simulation result with the 3DOF model confirmed successful bi-planar trajectory tracking. The various number of cables and cable routings for tracking bi-planar motion will be studied in future work.
High speed and high-area efficiency non-volatile look-up table design based on magnetic tunnel junction (2017)

Continual growth in the size and functionality of FPGAs over past few years has resulted in an increasing interest in their use for high speed applications. However, the execution speed is limited by the memory access speed and the whole function is affected due to the great amount of data. This paper introduces a novel high speed and high-area efficiency MRAM-based non-volatile look-up table (nvLUT) to overcome the effect of high resistance introduced by the increasing number of inputs. This nvLUT reduces the sense delay and MTJ count by 55 % and 47%.
Modeling the Polymeric Microstructure of LDPE in Tubular and Autoclave Reactors with a Coupled Deterministic and Stochastic Simulation Approach (2014)

A novel hybrid simulation approach is developed, which combines the advantages of deterministic and stochastic modeling of complex polymerization networks. The fast deterministic simulation solves the heat and pressure balances and generates position‐dependent event frequency profiles. The detailed stochastic simulation is used as add‐on and offers a deep insight into the polymeric microstructure of each macromolecule. Our hybrid simulation approach is applied to high‐pressure ethylene polymerization in industrial tubular and continuous autoclave reactors with peroxide initiation. But in general, the presented approach can be used for all types of polymerization reactions in ideal and non‐ideal reactors of any kind.