gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Where to start reading a textual XML document? (2007)

In structured information retrieval, the aim is to exploit document structure to retrieve relevant components, allowing the user to go straight to the relevant material. This paper looks at the so-called best entry points (BEPs), which are intended to give the user the best starting point to access the relevant information in the document. We examine the relationship between BEPs and relevant components in the INEX 2006 ad hoc assessments. Our main findings are the following: First, although documents are short, assessors often choose the best entry point some distance from the start of the document. Second, many of the best entry points coincide with the first relevant character in relevant documents, showing a strong relation between the BEP and relevant text. Third, we find browsing BEPs in articles with a single relevant passages, and container BEPs or context BEPs in articles with more relevant passages.
In VitroStudies of NovelPRKAR1AMutants that Extend the Predicted RIα Protein Sequence into the 3′-Untranslated Open Reading Frame: Proteasomal Degradation Leads to RIα Haploinsufficiency and Carney Complex (2011)

This was the first demonstration of proteasomal degradation of RIα protein variants leading to PRKAR1A haploinsufficiency and CNC, adding protein surveillance to NMD in the cellular mechanisms overseeing RIα synthesis. In agreement with the molecular data, CNC patients bearing PRKAR1A defects that extend the open reading frame did not have a different phenotype, although this has to be confirmed in a larger number of patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple Bonds Between Main Group Elements and Transition Metals. (1986)

Abstract Selective reduction of the Cr 2 Se complex (I) cobaltocene (II) leads to the novel ionic complex (III) with diamagnetic anion which is extremely sensitive to oxygen.
Bioinspired Growth of Mineralized Tissue (2008)

In many cases, bioinspired fabrication of bone tissue aims to recreate embryonic development to achieve greater tissue regeneration in an injured or defective adult tissue. This requires one to understand principles and components of natural bone development, such as inductive molecules (for example, growth factors), cell types, and structural tissue properties, and to incorporate these lessons from nature to form functional mineralized tissue. Therefore, it is important to understand the parameters associated with natural mineralized tissue growth, and which aspects can be mimicked in bone regeneration schemes. This chapter provides information about bone development with particular emphasis on aspects that can be mimicked in bone tissue engineering approaches. These natural processes will be used as a template to illuminate current approaches for mineralized tissue fabrication.
Highly efficient SHG in all-epitaxial quasi-phase-matched GaAs (2003)

Summary form only given. Our results suggest that all-epitaxially grown orientation-patterned GaAs crystals have excellent properties for bulk nonlinear optical applications in the mid-IR including SHG, difference frequency generation (DFG) and optical parametric oscillators (OPO).
A practical soft switching power supply with self-oscillating circuit and resonant converter using a cross transformer (1997)

Recently, soft switching power supplies using resonant converters have been attracting notice owing to their high efficiency and low noise characteristics. Conventional resonant-type converters have a complex control circuit, and we solved this problem by using a cross transformer. Various types of switching power supplies which have a simple structure can be realized by a combination of a self-oscillating driving circuit and a resonant converter. This paper presents our development process and describes the latest technology of soft switching power supplies making use of super-small-sized cross transformers. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 121(1): 60–69, 1997
Binding and uptake studies with [3H]CP‐93, 129, a radiolabeled selective 5‐HT1B receptor ligand (1992)

Abstract 3‐(1,2,5,6‐Tetrahydro‐4‐pyridyl)‐5‐pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyridone, CP‐93, 129, is a selective agonist ligand for 5‐HT 1B receptors. High affinity binding sites of [ 3 H]CP‐93, 129 were found in rat whole brain membranes, which showed K D and B max values similar to those for 5‐HT 1B sites labeled by [ 3 H]5‐HT. Uptake of [ 3 H]CP‐93, 129 in crude rat synaptosomes was also observed, which was potently inhibited by 5‐HT uptake blockers and 5‐HT but not by desipramine (NE uptake blocker) or tametraline (NE and DA uptake blocker). Because of this sensitivity to 5‐HT uptake inhibitors and the structural similarity of CP‐93, 129 to serotonin, [ 3 H]CP‐93, 129 uptake probably occurred in 5‐HT neurons.
Resist material design to improve sensitivity in EUV lithography (2009)

Polymer ionization and reductive sensitization of PAG play an important role for acid generation in EUV lithography. We have systematically investigated effects of PAG structure, polymer structure and their loadings on sensitivity of EUV resists. With an increase in PAG loading, both sensitivity and acid generation yield were successfully improved, however, these were saturated at higher PAG loadings. Least-square fitting of sensitivity as a function of PAG loading, polymer loading and quencher loading indicates that both PAG and polymer have a positive effect on sensitivity improvement, and contribution ratio of polymer to PAG on sensitivity is estimated as 1 to 2. This indicates that decrease of polymer loading in place of increasing PAG loading reduce ionization frequency of polymer. To further improve sensitivity, we have synthesized a series of PAGs to clarify how large the electron affinity of PAG affects acid generation yield. A linear relationship between the reduction potential of PAG and EB sensitivity clearly revealed that the strong electron affinity of PAG causes both high acid yield and sensitivity. To further increase acid generation yield, we have synthesized a series of polymers to clarify how polymer structure affects sensitivity. Actually, acid generation yield and sensitivity were both improved by using a newly developed polymer in EUV lithography.
Electrical Approach to Output Power Optimization for a Point Absorbing Wave Energy Converter with a Direct Drive Linear Generator Power Take Off (2017)

Electrical Approach to Output Power Optimization for a Point Absorbing Wave Energy Converter with a Direct Drive Linear Generator Power Take Off
Elastic Properties and Polymorphic Behavior of Fibers of Syndiotactic Polypropylene at Different Temperatures (2002)

An analysis of the elastic properties of syndiotactic polypropylene at different temperatures is reported. Fibers stretched at low temperatures are in the trans-planar form III, which transforms into the helical form II upon the release of the tension, whereas fibers stretched at high temperatures are in the stable helical form I. The mechanical analysis of these fibers has shown that only at room temperatures the specimens show good elastic properties. The elastic recovery of the samples is in part lost also at room temperature in annealed fibers, which are in the stable form I, in both the stretched and unstrained states. When the structural transition from the trans-planar form III into the helical form occurs upon removing the tension, a nearly total elastic recovery is observed. Only a partial elastic recovery is instead observed when this transition is absent. The relative amount of crystalline phase in unoriented films and in stretched and stress-relaxed fibers is rather constant (≈40−43%) and does not depend on the stretching temperature in the range 25−80 °C. These data indicate that the elastic behavior of syndiotactic polypropylene is in part linked to the enthalpy gain achieved when the tension is removed, due to the metastability, in the unstrained state, of the trans-planar form, which transforms into the stable helical form. On the other hand, also an entropic factor must play a role, due to the entangled amorphous chains which experience a reversible conformational transition between the disordered (coil) and extended conformations during the stretching and relaxing process.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Arylation of Ketone Enolates. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Progress toward Synthesis of Diazonamide A. Preparation of a 3-(Oxazol-5-yl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfonyloxyindole and Its Use in Biaryl Coupling Reactions (2000)

The synthesis of a 3-oxazol-5-yl-indole-4-triflate is described, featuring a Schölkopf reaction to prepare the oxazole. In addition, the participation of this intermediate in biaryl coupling reactions toward the total synthesis of the natural product diazonamide A is presented.
The N-terminal Acetyltransferase Naa10/ARD1 Does Not Acetylate Lysine Residues (2016)

The N-terminal acetyltransferase NatA is a heterodimeric complex consisting of a catalytic subunit (Naa10/ARD1) and an auxiliary subunit (Naa15). NatA co-translationally acetylates the N termini of a wide variety of nascent polypeptides. In addition, Naa10 can act independently to posttranslationally acetylate a distinct set of substrates, notably actin. Recent structural studies of Naa10 have also revealed the molecular basis for N-terminal acetylation specificity. Surprisingly, recent reports claim that Naa10 may also acetylate lysine residues of diverse targets, including methionine sulfoxide reductase A, myosin light chain kinase, and Runt-related transcription factor 2. Here we used recombinant proteins to reconstitute and assess lysine acetylation events catalyzed by Naa10 in vitro. We show that there is no difference in lysine acetylation of substrate proteins with or without Naa10, suggesting that the substrates may be acetylated chemically rather than enzymatically. Together, our data argue against a role for Naa10 in lysine acetylation.
Beyond the red brick wall (panel) (2001)

Aggressive technology scaling will push us into a 50nm regime within a decade. Most entries in current ITRS for the technology node are painted out in red, indicating "No know solutions". In the physical implementation domain, we are facing severe challenges in various aspects such as interconnect performance degradation, signal integrity, reliability, manufacturing variability, etc. These challenges will continue to grow for the future. In this panel, our panelists will present their own view of the most difficult challenges in the 50nm regime, and possible solutions to break through the red brick wall as well, followed by a live discussion on the approaches we should take for successful 50nm physical implementation.
First Examples of a Highly Stereoselective Passerini Reaction: A New Access to Enantiopure Mandelamides. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Virtual chemical inversion - a novel fat suppression technique for T1-weighted cardiac imaging with improved delineation of the fat-myocardium interface (2013)

Background Fat-saturation and T1-weighting are fundamental for tissue differentiation, but combining these techniques is challenging. For instance, standard chemically selective saturation (CHESS) pulses provide insufficient fatsuppression with routine delayed enhancement imaging [1]. Fat-water separation using multi-echo Dixon techniques can robustly separate fat and water into individual images, but in the fat-suppressed (water only) image, fat may retain a significant amount of signal making identification of the fat-water border difficult. We previously described a new technique (Virtual Chemical Inversion, VCI, [1]) which has the advantage of providing T1-weighted images with and without fat suppression in a single acquisition without the need for additional data acquisition, RF pulses, or increased scan time. In this study, we compare the ability of the CHESS, a multi-echo Dixon technique (VARPRO, [2]), and our new method (VCI) to completely delineate the myocardium-fat interface in patients, and the level of fat suppression in phantoms.
In vivo validation of the adequacy calculator for continuous renal replacement therapies (2005)

Abstract Introduction The study was conducted to validate in vivo the Adequacy Calculator, a Microsoft Excel-based program, designed to assess the prescription and delivery of renal replacement therapy in the critical care setting. Methods The design was a prospective cohort study, set in two intensive care units of teaching hospitals. The participants were 30 consecutive critically ill patients with acute renal failure treated with 106 continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT). Urea clearance computation was performed with the Adequacy Calculator ( K CALC ). Simultaneous blood and effluent urea samples were collected to measure the effectively delivered urea clearance ( K DEL ) at the beginning of each treatment and, during 73 treatments, between the 18th and 24th treatment hour. The correlation between 179 computed and 179 measured clearances was assessed. Fractional clearances for urea were calculated as sp Kt / V (where sp represents single pool, K is clearance, t is time, and V is urea volume of distribution) obtained from software prescription and compared with the delivered sp Kt / V obtained from empirical data. Results We found that the value of clearance predicted by the calculator was strongly correlated with the value obtained from computation on blood and dialysate determination ( r = 0.97) during the first 24 treatment hours, regardless of the renal replacement modality used. The delivered sp Kt / V (1.25) was less than prescribed (1.4) from the Adequacy Calculator by 10.7%, owing to therapy downtime. Conclusion The Adequacy Calculator is a simple tool for prescribing CRRT and for predicting the delivered dose. The calculator might be a helpful tool for standardizing therapy and for comparing disparate treatments, making it possible to perform large multi-centre studies on CRRT.
Development and Assessment of an Integrated 1D-3D CFD Codes Coupling Methodology for Diesel Engine Combustion Simulation and Optimization (2019)

In this paper an integrated methodology for the coupling between 1D- and 3D-CFD simulation codes is presented, which has been developed to support the design and calibration of new diesel engines. The aim of the proposed methodology is to couple 1D engine models, which may be available in the early-stage engine development phases, with 3D predictive combustion simulations, in order to obtain reliable estimates of engine performance and emissions for newly designed automotive diesel engines. The coupling procedure features simulations performed in 1D-CFD by means of GT-SUITE and in 3D-CFD by means of Converge, executed within a specifically designed calculation methodology. An assessment of the coupling procedure has been performed by comparing its results with experimental data acquired on an automotive Diesel engine, considering different working points including both part load and full load conditions. Different multiple injection schedules have been evaluated for part-load operation, including pre and post injections. The proposed methodology, featuring detailed 3D chemistry modeling, was proven to be capable to properly assess pollutant formation, specifically to estimate NOx concentrations. Soot formation trend was also well-matched for most of the explored working points. The proposed procedure can therefore be considered as a suitable methodology to support the design and calibration of new Diesel engines, thanks to its ability to provide reliable engine performance and emissions estimations from the early-stage of a new engine development.
Estrogens regulate production of specific growth factors in hormone-dependent human breast cancer. (1987)

Human breast cancer cells in long-term tissue culture are responsive to estrogens as assessed by activation of specific gene products. A group of estrogen-regulated, secreted growth factors are responsible for the proliferative responses of these cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Abstract DDT01-01: Discovery of CGM097 as a novel Mdm2 inhibitor (2014)

Abstract The antiproliferative transcriptional activity of the p53 tumor suppressor is inhibited by the binding of its transactivation domain to the regulator protein Mdm2. Overexpression of Mdm2 or amplification of its gene, leading to a loss of p53 function, has been observed in various tumors. An attractive approach to restore p53 activity in such tumors and to inhibit their growth is to prevent the association of the two proteins by blocking the p53 binding pocket of Mdm2 with a small molecule. In this presentation, we report how the starting point of CGM097 was discovered and how innovative medicinal chemistry efforts led to further optimization of the potency and physico-chemical properties, resulting in CGM097, a novel, highly optimized, and selective inhibitor of the p53-Mdm2 interaction. Citation Format: Keiichi Masuya, Pascal Furet, Stefan Stutz, Philipp Holzer, Carole Pissot-Soldmann, Nicole Buschmann, Thérèse Valat, Stéphane Ferretti, Stephan Ruetz, Caroline Rynn, Joerg Berghausen, Edgar Jacoby, Marc Lang, Tobias Gabriel, Francesco Hofmann, Joerg Kallen, Sébastien Jeay, Francois Gessier. Discovery of CGM097 as a novel Mdm2 inhibitor. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr DDT01-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-DDT01-01
Search for an exotic decay of the Higgs boson to a pair of light pseudoscalars in the final state with two muons and two b quarks in pp collisions at 13 TeV (2019)

A search for exotic decays of the Higgs boson to a pair of light pseudoscalar particles a 1 is performed under the hypothesis that one of the pseudoscalars decays to a pair of opposite sign muons and the other decays to bb. Such signatures are predicted in a number of extensions of the standard model (SM), including next-to-minimal supersymmetry and two-Higgs-doublet models with an additional scalar singlet. The results are based on a data set of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb -1 , accumulated with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016 at a centre-ofmass energy of 13 TeV. No statistically significant excess is observed with respect to the SM backgrounds in the search region for pseudoscalar masses from 20 GeV to half of the Higgs boson mass. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction, h B(h a 1 a 1 + -bb), ranging from 5 to 33 fb, depending on the pseudoscalar mass. Corresponding limits on the branching fraction, assuming the SM prediction for h , are (1-7) 10 -4 .
Tuning depth profiles of organosilicate films with ultraviolet curing (2008)

This study demonstrates that ultraviolet (UV) radiation curing can control depth profiles of organosilicate films. Striking differences between the effects of monochromatic and broadband UV irradiation were observed. For the same as-deposited organosilicate film and cure duration, monochromatic radiation has a greater impact on film structure, elastic modulus, and fracture resistance, but also results in a greater degree of depth dependent properties. Oscillating elastic modulus through the film thickness was observed with force modulation atomic force microscopy. We present a new standing wave model that accurately predicts the resulting depth dependent stiffness variations considering changes in film shrinkage and refractive index in terms of curing time, and can further be used to account for initial film thickness dependence of UV curing and film absorption. Promising applications of the depth dependent UV curing to produce multifunctional ultralow-k layers with a single postdeposition curing process are discussed.
Imaging system design for reducing the complexity of postdetection processing (1987)

Assume that an image acquired from a diffraction- limited system using partially coherent illumination is processed by a linear postdetection filter having a desired transfer function. The processing performed by an imaging system followed by a linear filter can be described by a bilinear transfer function. The problem is to design an equivalent system consisting of an apodized imaging system followed by a short-length finite impulse response (FIR) filter that has a bilinear transfer function that closely approximates the bilinear transfer function of the diffraction-limited imaging system followed by the ideal linear filter. The complexity of the postdetection filter is reduced since the FIR filter is presumably easier to implement than the ideal linear filter. Alternatively, a high-order FIR implementation of the ideal linear filter can be replaced by a lower-order implementation without loss of performance. Assuming that the coherence of the illumination is fixed, the problem reduces to finding the pupil screen of the imaging system and the weights of the FIR filter that result in the best approximation to the desired bilinear transfer function. The problem is solved using nonlinear parameter optimization techniques. The design of several equivalent systems is presented.
Curvelet processing and imaging: adaptive ground roll removal (2008)

In this paper we present examples of ground roll attenuation for synthetic and real data gathers by using Contourlet and Curvelet transforms. These non-separable wavelet transforms are locoalized both (x,t)- and (k,f)-domains and allow for adaptive seperation of signal and ground roll. Both linear and non-linear filtering are discussed using the unique properties of these basis that allow for simultaneous localization in the both domains. Eventhough, the linear filtering techniques are encouraging the true added value of these basis-function techniques becomes apparent when we use these decompositions to adaptively substract modeled ground roll from data using a non-linear thesholding procedure. We show real and synthetic examples and the results suggest that these directional-selective basis functions provide a usefull tool for the removal of coherent noise such as ground roll
Corpus analysis of simultaneous interpretation data for improving real time speech translation (2013)

Real-time speech-to-speech (S2S) translation of lectures and speeches require simultaneous translation with low latency to continually engage the listeners. However, simultaneous speech-to-speech translation systems have been predominantly repurposing translation models that are typically trained for consecutive translation without a motivated attempt to model incrementality. Furthermore, the notion of translation is simplified to translation plus simultaneity. In contrast, human interpreters are able to perform simultaneous interpretation by generating target speech incrementally with very low ear-voice span by using a variety of strategies such as compression (paraphrasing), incremental comprehension, and anticipation through discourse inference and expectation of discourse redundancies. Exploiting and modeling such phenomena can potentially improve automatic real-time translation of speech. As a first step, in this work we identify and present a systematic analysis of phenomena used by human interpreters to perform simultaneous interpretation and elucidate how it can be exploited in a conventional simultaneous translation framework. We perform our study on a corpus of simultaneous interpretation of Parliamentary speeches in English and Spanish. Specifically, we present an empirical analysis of factors such as time constraint, redundancy and inference as evidenced in the simultaneous interpretation corpus.