gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full-beam asynchronous GaAs laser heterodyne (1985)

A semiconductor laser optical mixer that generates intensity-modulated light at gigahertz frequencies is described. Two independent or "asynchronous" GaAs lasers serve as sources. A novel method for wavefront alignment and source optical isolation has allowed "full-beam" mixing. Heterodyne difference frequencies as large as 10.2 GHz have been generated from both a Si-APD and a GaAs-EAP. The frequency-response characterization of both photodetectors is presented.
Role of Ikaros in hematopoiesis and tumor suppression: Selective functions of individual zinc fingers within the DNA-binding domain of Ikaros. (42.3) (2012)

Abstract Ikaros, a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor, is a critical regulator of hematopoiesis and tumor suppression in the lymphoid lineage. The C2H2 zinc finger is the most prevalent DNA-binding motif in mammals, with DNA-binding domains usually containing more tandem fingers than are needed for stable sequence-specific DNA recognition. To examine the reason for the frequent presence of multiple zinc fingers, and to investigate in greater depth the role of Ikaros in hematopoiesis and tumor suppression, we generated mice lacking finger 1 or finger 4 of the 4-finger DNA-binding domain of Ikaros. Each mutant strain exhibited a specific subset of the phenotypes observed with Ikaros null mice. Of particular relevance, fingers 1 and 4 contributed to distinct stages of B- and T-cell development and finger 4 was selectively required for tumor suppression in thymocytes and in a new model of BCR-ABL+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These results, combined with transcriptome profiling and DNA-binding analysis, reveal that different subsets of fingers within multi-finger transcription factors can modulate binding to different target sequences and regulate distinct target genes and biological functions. These novel mutant strains provide a powerful tool to elucidate Ikaros' role in hematopoiesis and tumor suppression. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that selective mutagenesis can facilitate efforts to elucidate the functions and mechanisms of action of this prevalent class of factors.
Self-Adjusting Networks for VLSI Simulation (1987)

Magnitude networks [1l, [2] have been used as a theoretical base for switch-level simulation of MOS VLSI circuits. We address in this paper the particular problem of evaluating the influence of switches in unknown state on the steady-state response of the network. A two-pass procedure based on local controllers attached to such switches is described and a hardware implementation is proposed which models magnitude networks as self-adjusting combinational circuits.
28 GHz-Band Experimental Trial Using the Shinkansen in Ultra High-Mobility Environment for 5G Evolution (2021)

In order to enhance the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system further toward 5G Evolution, high bit-rate transmission using high SHF bands (28GHz or EHF bands) should be more stable even in high-mobility environments such as high speed trains. Of particular importance, dynamic changes in the beam direction and the larger Doppler frequency shift can degrade transmission performances in such high frequency bands. Thus, we conduct the world's first 28 GHz-band 5G experimental trial on an actual Shinkansen running at a speed of 283km/h in Japan. This paper introduces the 28GHz-band experimental system used in the 5G experimental trial using the Shinkansen, and then it presents the experimental configuration in which three base stations (BSs) are deployed along the Tokaido Shinkansen railway and a mobile station is located in the train. In addition, transmission performances measured in this ultra high-mobility environment, show that a peak throughput of exceeding 1.0Gbps and successful consecutive BS connection among the three BSs.
Stereochemical course of DNA hydrolysis by nuclease S1. (1983)

Nuclease S1 hydrolyzes the Sp-diastereomer of 5'-O-(2'-deoxyadenosyl)-3'-O-thymidyl phosphorothioate in H2(18)O to [18O]deoxyadenosine 5'-O-phosphorothioate which can be phosphorylated enzymatically to the Sp-diastereomer of [alpha-18O]deoxyadenosine 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate). 31P nmr spectroscopy shows the oxygen-18 in this compound to be in a nonbridging position at the alpha-phosphorus, indicating that the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by nuclease S1 proceeds with inversion of configuration at phosphorus. This result is compatible with a direct nucleophilic attack of H2O at phosphorus without the involvement of a covalent enzyme intermediate.
Engraftment in NSGSCF mice correlates with the WHO category and prognosis in systemic mastocytosis (2023)

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells (MC) in various organ-systems [1][2][3].The classification of the World Health Organization (WHO) divides SM into non-advanced forms and advanced forms of the disease.Whereas patients with non-advanced SM, such as indolent SM (ISM) or smoldering SM (SSM) have an excellent prognosis, the prognosis and survival of patients with advanced SM, including aggressive SM (ASM), SM with an associated hematologic neoplasm (SM-AHN) and MC leukemia (MCL), are dismal [1][2][3].Despite the prognostic value of the WHO classification, availability of additional prognostic variables, and recently developed prognostic scores, it is often difficult to predict the course and prognosis in individual patients [4,5].For example, even patients with ISM who have no or only a few risk factors concerning progression, may sometimes progress to ASM or MCL.One strategy to define the expansion and progression of neoplastic cells may be to measure the dynamics of MC-related parameters such as the tryptase level or MC infiltration grade in the bone marrow (BM) [6,7].However, serum tryptase levels may also increase in ISM or SSM without signs of progression and serial BM investigations are usually not performed.It is also difficult to measure the proliferative capacity of neoplastic progenitors in patients with SM [8].Another approach may be to measure the numbers and disease-propagating ability of neoplastic stem cells in patients with SM.However, the lack of suitable in vivo models reflecting non-advanced SM and advanced SM has limited previous attempts to correlate in vivo expansion of SM cells with clinical endpoints and prognosis.The concept of leukemic stem cells (LSC) is well established in acute and chronic leukemias [9,10].More recently, we have identified LSC in patients with advanced SM, including MCL [11].In most patients with MCL, LSC were found to produce detectable engraftment in NSG mice exhibiting membrane-bound human stem cell factor (NSG SCF ) [11].We also found that engraftment
Solar-pumped lasers for space power transmission (1979)

Multi-Megawatt CW solar-pumped lasers appear to be technologically feasible for space power transmission in the 1990s time frame. A new concept for a solar-pumped laser is presented which utilizes an intermediate black body cavity to provide a uniform optical pumping environment for the lasant, either CO or CO2. Reradiation losses are minimized with resulting high efficiency operation. A 1 MW output laser may weigh as little as 8000 kg including solar collector, black body cavity, laser cavity and ducts, pumps, power systems and waste heat radiator. The efficiency of such a system will be on the order of 10 to 20%. Details of the new concept, laser design, comparison to competing solar-powered lasers and applications to a laser solar power satellite (SPS) concept are presented.
Stability analysis of QCN (2011)

Data Center Networks have recently caused much excitement in the industry and in the research community. They represent the convergence of networking, storage, computing and virtualization. This paper is concerned with the Quantized Congestion Notification (QCN) algorithm, developed for Layer 2 congestion management. QCN has recently been standardized as the IEEE 802.1Qau Ethernet Congestion Notification standard.
Total synthesis of (±)-aglaiastatin, a novel bioactive alkaloid (1998)

The first total synthesis of aglaiastatin has been accomplished using pyrrolopyrimidinone construction by simultaneous nucleophilic attack of a nitrogen unit at the carbonyl group and the acyl iminium ion.
Control of semiconductor substrate temperature uniformity during photoresist processing in lithography (2009)

Proceedings of 2009 7th Asian Control Conference, ASCC 2009
Multivalent Peptide and Protein Dendrimers Using Native Chemical Ligation (2005)

Eine Vielzahl gut definierter multivalenter Peptide und Proteine ist erhältlich, indem synthetische Peptide und rekombinant exprimierte Proteine mithilfe der nativen chemischen Ligation an Cystein-funktionalisierte Dendrimere konjugiert werden (siehe Bild). Auf diesem Weg sind Dendrimere zugänglich, die für das Verständnis zentraler Aspekte der Multivalenz in biologischen Wechselwirkungen wie auch für biomedizinische Anwendungen interessant sind.
Abstract 3571: mRNA spike-in control materials for cancer fusion gene detection assays (2014)

Abstract Oncogenic fusion genes underlie the mechanism of several common cancers and also constitute or encode important diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Studies using next-generation sequencing technologies, particularly RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), have revealed a growing number of recurrent fusions in a variety of cancers. As such, establishing analytic parameters, including the limit of detection, sensitivity, and specificity of detecting fusions in tumor RNA specimens is important. We have developed reference materials useful in assessing the ability to detect fusion events in RNA or DNA samples. These consist of a set of nine synthetic poly-adenylated RNA transcripts that correspond to common cancer fusion gene sequences. These synthetic fusion RNAs can be spiked at known concentrations into total RNA in the first stage of the mRNA sample prep and used as in-line controls to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the detection of these mutations. As a demonstration of the utility of these controls, we performed a series of spike-in experiments to investigate performance characteristics of three commonly used fusion-detection software algorithms. Our results show all three algorithms to be capable of detecting fusions in a dose-dependent manner. The results also show differences in performance among the algorithms for detecting specific fusions. Citation Format: Winnie Liang, Stephanie JK Pond, Waibhav D. Tembe, Han-Yu Chuang, Christophe Legendre, Nancy Kim, Valerie Montel, Shukmei Wong, Timothy K. McDaniel, David Craig, John Carpten. mRNA spike-in control materials for cancer fusion gene detection assays. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3571. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3571
SNP and Haplotype Interaction Models Reveal Association of Surfactant Protein Gene Polymorphisms With Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis of Mexican Population (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by inhalation of common environmental organic particles. Surfactant proteins (SPs) play a role in innate immunity and surfactant function. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or haplotypes of the SP genes associate with HP. <b>Methods:</b> Seventy-five HP patients caused by avian antigen and 258 controls, asymptomatic antigen exposed and non-exposed were enrolled. SNP association was performed using logistic regression analysis and SNP-SNP interaction models. <b>Results:</b> Based on odds ratio, regression analyses showed association of (a) rs7316_G, 1A<sup>3</sup> (protective) compared to antigen exposed; (b) male sex, smoking, rs721917_T and rs1130866_T (protective) compared to non-exposed controls with HP; (c) compared to antigen exposed, 25 interactions associated with HP in a three-SNP model; (d) compared to non-exposed, (i) rs1136451 associated with increased, whereas rs1136450 and rs1130866 associated with lower HP risk, (ii) 97 interactions associated with HP in a three-SNP model. The majority of SNP-SNP interactions associated with increased HP risk involved SNPs of the hydrophilic SPs, whereas, the majority of interactions associated with lower HP risk involved SNPs of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic SPs; (e) haplotypes of SP genes associated with HP risk. <b>Conclusions:</b> The complexity of SNPs interactions of the <i>SFTP</i> genes observed indicate that the lung inflammatory response to avian antigens is modulated by a complex gene interplay rather than by single SNPs.
P341 Pharmacokinetics and exposure-response analyses of upadacitinib in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis – Analyses of induction and maintenance clinical trials (2022)

Abstract Background Upadacitinib (UPA), an oral selective and reversible JAK1 inhibitor, showed favorable efficacy and safety profile in Phase, 2b and, 3 studies in subjects with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response analyses were performed to characterize the relationships between UPA plasma exposures and key efficacy and safety endpoints using data from these studies. Methods The pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy, and safety of UPA for induction and maintenance treatment in UC were evaluated in a Phase, 2b induction, two replicate Phase, 3 induction, and a Phase, 3 maintenance clinical trials. UPA PK was characterized using data from, 978 UC patients. UPA exposure-response relationships for key efficacy and safety endpoints at the end of induction and maintenance periods were characterized using data from, 1,234 and, 449 UC patients, respectively. Quartile plots and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the exposure-response relationships across UPA doses of, 7.5 mg to, 45 mg once daily (QD) for induction and, 15 mg to, 30 mg QD for maintenance. Results UPA PK in UC patients was consistent with other patient populations and between the induction and maintenance periods. The percentage of subjects achieving clinical and endoscopic efficacy endpoints at the end of the induction increased with increasing UPA average plasma concentration (Cavg), and became mostly flat at Cavg values approximately equivalent to the, 45 mg QD (Figure, 1). For maintenance treatment, there was a trend for increasing the percentage of subjects achieving clinical remission, steroid-free remission, endoscopic improvement, and histo-endoscopic mucosal improvement within the range of UPA plasma exposures evaluated. Exposures associated with UPA, 30 mg QD were estimated to provide a, 8% to, 10% increase in the percentage of subjects achieving these endpoints compared to, 15 mg QD (Figure, 2). There was no trend for exposure-response relationships within the range of evaluated UPA exposures for any of the evaluated safety endpoints (&amp;gt;2 g/dL decrease in hemoglobin and &amp;gt;2 g/dL decrease in hemoglobin and &amp;lt; lower limit for normal, hemoglobin &amp;lt;, 8 g/dL, lymphopenia ≥ Grade, 3, neutropenia ≥ Grade, 3, Herpes Zoster infection, serious infections, and pneumonia) at the end of induction or maintenance periods. Conclusion UPA plasma exposures associated with the, 45 mg QD induction dose maximized efficacy for clinical and endoscopic endpoints at Week, 8. Plasma exposures associated with UPA, 30 mg maintenance dose provide additional incremental benefit compared to, 15 mg QD. No trends were observed for increase in the evaluated safety events with increasing UPA plasma exposures at the end of induction or maintenance periods.
Real-Time 3-D Imaging Using an Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Phased-Array (2020)

We present an air-coupled ultrasonic imaging system based on a 40-kHz 8×8 phased-array for 3-D real-time localization of multiple objects in the far-field. By attaching a waveguide to the array, the effective interelement spacing is reduced to half wavelength. This enables grating lobe-free transmit and receive beamforming with a uniform rectangular array of efficient low-cost transducers. The system further includes custom transceiver electronics, an field programmable gate array (FPGA) system-on-chip and a PC for GPU accelerated frequency domain signal processing, consisting of matched filtering, conventional beamforming, and envelope extraction using Nvidia Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) and OpenGL for visualization. The uniform rectangular layout allows utilizing multiple transmit and receive methods, known from medical imaging applications. Thus, the system is dynamically adaptable to maximize the frame rate or detection range. One implemented method demonstrates the real-time capability by transmitting a hemispherical pulse (HP) with a single transducer to irradiate the surroundings simultaneously, whereas all transducers are used for echo reception. The imaging properties, such as axial and lateral resolution, field of view and range of view, are characterized in an anechoic chamber. The object localization is validated for a horizontal and vertical field of view of ±80° and a range of view of 0.5-3 m with 29 frames/s. Using the same system, a comparison between the HP method and the dynamic transmit beamforming method, which transmits multiple sequential beamformed pulses for long-range localization, is provided.
Noise Characterization of an Injection-Locked COEO With Long-Term Stabilization (2011)

Extensive noise analysis is presented of a semiconductor-based coupled opto-electronic oscillator using continuous-wave optical injection for the generation of an optical frequency comb with 10.24 GHz spacing. The suppression of unwanted optical axial mode groups arising from the harmonic nature of mode locking is achieved via gain competition. Amplitude noise measurements show a marked reduction in noise due to optical injection for multiple injection powers. Supermode noise spur suppression is shown to be greater than 15 dB in absolute phase noise measurements, taken using the frequency discriminator technique. Allan deviation measurements are also shown for both the free-running and injection-locked states.
Non-catalytic biodiesel fuel production with supercritical methanol technologies (2006)

Study presents that supercritical methanol has the ability to convert oils/fats consisting of triglycerides and free fatty acids (FFAs) into fatty acid methyl esters through transesterification and methyl esterification, respectively, without any catalyst. This one-step method (Saka process) is simpler process realizing shorter reaction time and higher yield of methyl esters than those of the conventional alkali-catalyzed method. To improve the biodiesel quality that satisfies the standard specification, another reaction route was also developed by the two-step method (Saka-Dadan process), which consists of hydrolysis step for oils/fats in subcritical water and subsequent methyl esterification of the hydrolyzed products of fatty acids from oils/fats in supercritical methanol. These new methods are highly tolerant against the presence of FFAs and water in oils/fats. Therefore, compared to the alkali-catalyzed method, proposed methods can be applied for various types of oils/fats and their wastes as raw materials to produce biodiesel fuel.
Endothelial ICAM-1 Protein Induction Is Regulated by Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α via Both NF-κB and CREB Transcription Factors (2011)

The regulated expression of ICAM-1 plays an important role in inflammatory processes and immune responses. The present study aimed to determine the in vivo involvement of cytosolic phospholipase A(2)α (cPLA(2)α) in ICAM-1 overexpression during inflammation and to elucidate the cPLA(2)α-specific role in signal events leading to ICAM-1 upregulation in endothelial cells. cPLA(2)α and ICAM-1 upregulation were detected in inflamed paws of mice with collagen-induced arthritis and in periepididymal adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet. Intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg oligonucleotide antisense against cPLA(2)α (AS) that reduced cPLA(2)α upregulation also decreased ICAM-1 overexpression, suggesting a key role of cPLA(2)α in ICAM-1 upregulation during inflammation. Preincubation of endothelial ECV-304 cells that express ICAM-1 and of HUVEC that express ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 with 1 μM AS prevented cPLA(2)α and the adhesion molecule upregulation induced by TNF-α and inhibited their adherence to phagocyte like-PLB cells. Whereas AS did not inhibit NADPH oxidase 4-NADPH oxidase activity, inhibition of oxidase activity attenuated cPLA(2)α activation, suggesting that NADPH oxidase acts upstream to cPLA(2)α. Attenuating cPLA(2)α activation by AS or diphenylene iodonium prevented the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 and the production of PGE(2) that were essential for ICAM-1 upregulation. Inhibition of cPLA(2)α activity by AS inhibited the phosphorylation of both p65 NF-κB on Ser(536) and protein kinase A-dependent CREB. To our knowledge, our results are the first to show that CREB activation is involved in ICAM-1 upregulation and suggest that cPLA(2)α activated by NADPH oxidase is required for sequential phosphorylation of NF-κB by an undefined kinase and CREB activation by PGE(2)-mediated protein kinase A.
A noncontact sensor for measurement of distal residual-limb position during walking (2006)

A simple noncontact device was implemented for measuring the position of the distal residual limb relative to the prosthetic socket during ambulation. The device was a small and lightweight photoelectric sensor positioned within a frame mounted immediately beneath the socket. Calibration tests showed that the sensor had a displacement range of 60.0 mm. The root-mean-square error for all sources of error considered (different reflective surfaces, peak-to-peak signal noise, drift, nonlinearity, different surface tilt angles, surface curvature, and wetness [simulating sweating]) was <1.95% full-scale output. We used the sensor in a preliminary study on a unilateral, transtibial amputee with diabetes to assess pistoning during ambulation. Results showed an average 41.7 mm proximal displacement during swing phase relative to stance phase. When the subject was walking on a flat surface, pistoning was significantly less (p = 0.000) with a supracondylar strap compared with no supracondylar strap, although the difference was not substantial (0.8 mm). A 5 min rest period caused the limb to displace proximally in the socket approximately 4.8 mm during subsequent walking trials, possibly reflecting limb enlargement and thus a more proximal position in the socket after the rest period. The device can potentially be used in prosthetics research for evaluating clinical features that may affect limb position and pistoning and thus fit.
Heating Profile Effect on Morphology, Crystallinity, and Photoluminescent Properties of Y2O3:Eu3+ Phosphor Nanofibers Prepared Using an Electrospinning Method (2007)

Europium-doped yttrium oxide (Y2O3:Eu3+) nanofibers were successfully prepared via an electrospinning method followed by annealing at temperatures up to 1200 °C. Mixed solutions of yttrium nitrate, europium nitrate and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) were used as precursors. Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) polymer was used as a template for obtaining fiber morphology and was then removed during the annealing process to yield Y2O3:Eu3+ fibers. The fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometry. The effect of the heating profile on the morphology, crystallinity, and photoluminescent properties of the nanofibers was systematically investigated. The diameter of the prepared fibers decreased with increasing temperature and a high heating rate caused the polymer to melt quickly and cross-links to form between the fibers. In addition, crystallite size and photoluminescent intensity of Y2O3:Eu3+ phosphor fibers increased with increasing temperature.