gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Playing with the p-Doping Mechanism to Lower the Carbon Loading in n-Type Insertion Organic Electrodes: First Feasibility Study with Binder-Free Composite Electrodes (2020)

Organic electrode materials should offer promising alternative to traditional inorganic compounds thanks to several attractive assets such as low-cost, low environmental footprint or the versatility in terms of cell assemblies (cationic and/or anionic shuttling). However, improvements are needed to push forward organic solid electrodes. In particular, decrease the quantity of conductive carbon in the composite electrode is important because it impedes the resulting energy density values. Herein, we present an innovative approach aiming at replacing most of the carbon conductive additive by an electron-conductive anion-inserting crystallized organic material, namely dilithium 2,5-(dianilino)terephthalate (Li 2 DAnT). Combined with an appropriate n-type lithiated organic electrode material, we demonstrate the beneficial effect of adding Li 2 DAnT (23 wt%)/carbon (10 wt%) compared to a typical conducting carbon loading of 33 wt% for powder-based composite electrodes made without binder by simple mixing and grinding with a pestle in a mortar. In fact, Li 2 DAnT provides an efficient percolating conductive network and contributes to the overall reversible capacity of the composite electrode through its own storage properties.
Initial Evaluation of a Transverse Isotropic Finite Difference Model for Training Learned Inversion (2023)

While most existing inversion algorithms used in MR elastography assume that the mechanical properties of tissue are isotropic, many tissues exhibit spatial anisotropy in structure that is not accommodated by these algorithms. 1,2 In this work we present a framework for developing a learned inversion to address transverse isotropy, the simplest anisotropic case. A transversely isotropic stiffness matrix was used in a feed forward finite difference model to generate simulated displacements. The squared wave speeds anisotropic inclusions were calculated using direct inversion to validate the model against the theoretical wave speeds. 3
Screening and engineering of colour centres in diamond (2018)

We present a high throughput and systematic method for the screening of colour centres in diamond with the aim of searching for and reproducibly creating new optical centres down to the single defect level, potentially of interest for a wide range of diamond-based quantum applications. The screening method presented here should, moreover, help to identify some already indexed defects among hundreds in diamond (Zaitsev 2001 Optical Properties of Diamond (Berlin: Springer)) but also some promising defects of a still unknown nature, such as the recently discovered ST1 centre (Lee et al 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 487; John et al 2017 New J. Phys. 19 053008). We use ion implantation in a systematic manner to implant several chemical elements. Ion implantation has the advantage of addressing single atoms inside the bulk with defined depth and high lateral resolution, but the disadvantage of producing intrinsic defects. The implanted samples are annealed in vacuum at different temperatures (between 600 °C and 1600 °C with 200 °C steps) and fully characterised at each step in order to follow the evolution of the defects: formation, dissociation, diffusion, re-formation and charge state, at the ensemble level and, if possible, at the single centre level. We review the unavoidable ion implantation defects (such as the GR1 and 3H centres), discuss ion channeling and thermal annealing and estimate the diffusion of the vacancies, nitrogen and hydrogen. We use different characterisation methods best suited for our study (from widefield fluorescence down to sub-diffraction optical imaging of single centres) and discuss reproducibility issues due to diamond and defect inhomogeneities. Nitrogen is also implanted for reference, taking advantage of the considerable knowledge on NV centres as a versatile sensor in order to retrieve or deduce the conditions and local environment in which the different implanted chemical elements are embedded. We show here the preliminary promising results of a long-term study and focus on the elements O, Mg, Ca, F and P from which fluorescent centres were found.
Efficiency of mechanical stressors in Planar FDSOI n and p MOSFETs down to 14nm gate length (2012)

We fabricated highly stressed Fully Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (FDSOI) n and pMOSFETs reaching I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON,n</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON,p</sub> =1148/1014μA/μm drive current at I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF,n</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF,p</sub> =55/16nA/μm leakage current (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> =1V) with excellent V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> -matching (A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VT</sub> <; 1.5mV.μm). These short channel performances are well correlated and quantitatively explained by the effectiveness of strained SOI (sSOI), Contact-Etch-Stop-Layers (CESL) and SiGe raised sources and drains. sSOI improves I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON,n</sub> up to 22% and degrades SiGe sources and drains efficiency for pMOSFETs. However, 0° (<;110>;) orientation remains the best configuration for high-stress pMOSFETs and provides the best trade-off for CMOS.
Receptor editing in peripheral B cell tolerance (2005)

Receptor editing or secondary Ig gene rearrangement occurs in immature, autoreactive B cells to maintain self-tolerance. Here we show that nonspontaneously autoimmune mice immunized with a peptide mimetope of DNA develop peptide- and DNA-reactive antibodies. Antigen-specific B cells display a follicular B cell phenotype. As these cells move into the memory compartment, many express RAG protein and acquire expression of both kappa and lambda light chains. Thus, this study provides evidence for receptor editing occurring in a mature, antigen-activated B cell population. Because the receptor editing observed here occurred in an autoreactive response to antigen, it may function to maintain peripheral tolerance.
Observation of cavitation during shock wave lithotripsy (2005)

A system was built to detect cavitation in pig kidney during shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) with a Dornier HM3 lithotripter. Active detection, using echo on B-mode ultrasound, and passive cavitation detection (PCD), using coincident signals on confocal, orthogonal receivers, were equally sensitive and were used to interrogate the renal collecting system (urine) and the kidney parenchyma (tissue). Cavitation was detected in urine immediately upon SW administration in urine or urine plus X-ray contrast agent, but in tissue, cavitation required hundreds of SWs to initiate. Localization of cavitation was confirmed by fluoroscopy, sonography, and by thermally marking the kidney using the PCD receivers as high intensity focused ultrasound sources. Cavitation collapse times in tissue and native urine were about the same but less than in urine after injection of X-ray contrast agent. Cavitation, especially in the urine space, was observed to evolve from a sparse field to a dense field with strong acoustic collapse emissions to a very dense field that no longer produced detectable collapse. The finding that cavitation occurs in kidney tissue is a critical step toward determining the mechanisms of tissue injury in SWL. [Work sup ported by NIH (DK43881, DK55674, FIRCA), ONRIFO, CRDF and NSBRI SMS00203.]
Low-loss Cd-substituted Mg ferrites with matching impedance for high-frequency-range antennas (2020)

The effects of Cd2+ ions on the microstructure, magnetic properties, and dielectric properties of Bi2O3-added MgFe2O4 ferrites (CdxMg1-xFe2O4, x = 0.00, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45) are obtained by adopting the solid-state reaction method at a low temperature (910 °C). The objective is to achieve matching impedances, low magnetic and dielectric losses (tan δμ and tan δε, respectively), and a relatively large miniaturization factor to reduce antenna size. Experimental results indicate that the cations occupying the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) ion sites are redistributed, resulting in an enhanced super-exchange interaction between the two sublattices. As a result, improved magnetization, including the increase in saturation magnetization (41.74 emu/g) and decrease in coercivity (63.75 Oe), is realized. The real part of permeability (µ′) also increases with increasing concentration of Cd2+ ions. When x is 0.15, matching impedances with equivalent μ′ and ε′ values are obtained over a long frequency range (1–150 MHz). Moreover, the formation of a dense microstructure guarantees that losses occur at low orders of magnitude (tan δμ ≈ 10−2 and tan δε ≈ 10−3). Accordingly, these properties afford wide application perspectives for the proposed compounds in the high-frequency region, i.e., from high-frequency to very-high-frequency bands.
NADPH oxidase‐derived superoxide Anion‐induced apoptosis is mediated via the JNK‐dependent activation of NF‐κB in cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose (2011)

Hyperglycemia-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. However, the mechanism by which high glucose causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis is not clear. In this study, we investigated the signaling pathways involved in NADPH oxidase-derived ROS-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes under hyperglycemic conditions. H9c2 cells were treated with 5.5 or 33 mM glucose for 36 h. We found that 33 mM glucose resulted in a time-dependent increase in ROS generation as well as a time-dependent increase in protein expression of p22(phox), p47(phox), gp91(phox), phosphorylated IκB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-kB. Treatment with apocynin or diphenylene iodonium (DPI), NADPH oxidase inhibitors, resulted in reduced expression of p22(phox), p47(phox), gp91(phox), phosphorylated IκB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. In addition, treatment with JNK and NF-kB siRNAs blocked the activity of caspase-3. Furthermore, treatment with JNK, but not p38, siRNA inhibited the glucose-induced activation of NF-κB. Similar results were obtained in neonatal cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose concentrations. Therefore, we propose that NADPH oxidase-derived ROS-induced apoptosis is mediated via the JNK-dependent activation of NF-κB in cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose.
Critical infrastructure protection through distributed reactive demand-side management (2011)

We suggest a distributed, reactive [1] demand-side management mechanism [2] that facilitates dynamic allocation of a resource [3] to clusters of applications. Different levels of criticality, assigned to these clusters, reflect the prioritisation of distribution of the resource, with respect to quality of service and demand. Under the assumption that the quality of service constraints imposed on the clusters can be subject to an minimal degree of flexibility in times of severe resource shortage the approach facilitates an almost perfect supply to critical infrastructure without centralised intervention or distribution control.
A novel three-component reaction between isocyanides, alcohols or thiols and elemental sulfur: a mild, catalyst-free approach towards O-thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates (2019)

A new multicomponent reaction has been developed between isocyanides, sulfur and alcohols or thiols under mild reaction conditions to afford <i>O</i>-thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates in moderate to good yields. The one-pot reaction cascade involves the formation of an isothiocyanate intermediate, thus a catalyst-free synthesis of isothiocyanates, as valuable building blocks from isocyanides and sulfur is proposed, as well. The synthetic procedure suits the demand of a modern organic chemist, as it tolerates a wide range of functional groups, it is atom economic and easily scalable.
Chimeric and mutant CARD9 constructs enable analyses of conserved and diverged autoinhibition mechanisms in the CARD-CC protein family (2023)

Abstract CARD9, -10, -11 and -14 all belong to the CARD-coiled coil (CC) protein family and originated from a single common ancestral protein early in vertebrate evolution. All four proteins form CARD-CC/BCL10/MALT1 (CBM) complexes leading to NF-κB activation after upstream phosphorylation by various protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. CBM complex signaling is critical for innate and adaptive immunity, but aberrant activation can cause autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases, or be oncogenic. CARD9 shows a superior auto-inhibition with very low spontaneous activity when overexpressed in HEK293T cells. In contrast, the poor auto-inhibition of other CARD-CC family proteins, especially CARD10 (CARMA3) and CARD14 (CARMA2), is hampering characterization of upstream activators or activating mutations in overexpression studies. We grafted different domains from CARD10, -11 and 14 on CARD9 to generate chimeric CARD9 backbones for functional characterization of activating mutants using NF-κB reporter gene activation in HEK293T cells as readout. CARD11 (CARMA1) activity was not further reduced by grafting on CARD9 backbones. The chimeric CARD9 approach was subsequently validated by using several known disease-associated mutations in CARD10 and CARD14, and additional screening allowed us to identify several novel activating natural variants in human CARD9 and CARD10. Using Genebass as a resource of exome-based disease association statistics, we found that activated alleles of CARD9 correlate with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, insomnia, anxiety and depression, which can occur as comorbidities.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptaibolin: Synthesis, 3D‐Structure, and Membrane Modifying Properties of the Natural Antibiotic and Selected Analogues. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cell conformance testing in ATM networks (2002)

In this paper, we investigate how the concept of cell conformance testing, developed within the ITU-T for a single class of traffic could apply for connections with two types of traffic (namely with both CLP=0 and CLP=1 cells). For this purpose, we consider the Traffic Contract currently specified in ITU-T Recommendation 1.371 (i.e., declaration of the peak cell rates of the CLP=0 and the aggregate CLP=0+1 cell streams). To simplify the discussion and to be consistent with the current trend within the standardization bodies, we consider only connections for which cell loss rate objectives have to be guaranteed for both CLP=0 and CLP=1 traffic. All cell conformance testing procedures which may be envisaged for this Traffic Contract are examined and we show that most of them suffer from an undesirable phenomenon, namely measurement phasing, which jeopardizes their use. It turns out that only one procedure can be implemented for unambiguously testing cell conformance.
Effective Piezoelectric Response of Substrate-Integrated ZnO Nanowire Array Devices on Galvanized Steel (2013)

Harvesting waste energy through electromechanical coupling in practical devices requires combining device design with the development of synthetic strategies for large-area controlled fabrication of active piezoelectric materials. Here, we show a facile route to the large-area fabrication of ZnO nanostructured arrays using commodity galvanized steel as the Zn precursor as well as the substrate. The ZnO nanowires are further integrated within a device construct and the effective piezoelectric response is deduced based on a novel experimental approach involving induction of stress in the nanowires through pressure wave propagation along with phase-selective lock-in detection of the induced current. The robust methodology for measurement of the effective piezoelectric coefficient developed here allows for interrogation of piezoelectric functionality for the entire substrate under bending-type deformation of the ZnO nanowires.
Early death of ALS-linked CHCHD10-R15L transgenic mice with central nervous system, skeletal muscle, and cardiac pathology (2021)

Mutations in coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 10 (<i>CHCHD10</i>) have been identified in patients suffering from various degenerative diseases including mitochondrial myopathy, spinal muscular atrophy Jokela type, frontotemporal dementia, and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The pathogenic mechanism underlying <i>CHCHD10</i>-linked divergent disorders remains largely unknown. Here we show that transgenic mice overexpressing an ALS-linked CHCHD10 p.R15L mutation leads to an abbreviated lifespan compared with CHCHD10-WT transgenic mice. The occurrence and severity of the phenotype correlates to transgene copy number. Central nervous system (CNS), skeletal muscle, and cardiac pathology is apparent in CHCHD10-R15L transgenic mice. Despite the pathology, CHCHD10-R15L transgenic mice perform comparably to control mice in motor behavioral tasks until very close to death. Although paralysis is not observed, these models provide insight into the pleiotropic nature of CHCHD10 and suggest a contribution of CNS, skeletal muscle, and cardiac pathology to CHCHD10 p.R15L-ALS pathogenesis.
Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol Using a Molecular Ruthenium‐Phosphine Catalyst (2019)

Abstract Transfer hydrogenation using molecular catalysts has become a powerful tool in synthetic chemistry and a wide range of unsaturated substrates can be reduced with this protocol. Whereas reactions using iso‐propanol as hydrogen donor are already well established, recent examples demonstrate the possibility to use linear alcohols from renewable resources. Herein, the first effective transfer hydrogenation of the challenging substrate carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) directly to methanol is described, applying a molecular ruthenium catalyst and linear alcohols as the hydrogen source. In neat ethanol, TONs up to 121 are achieved under moderate pressures of CO 2 . Moreover, systematic investigations enable to propose initial acceptorless dehydrogenation of the alcohol, followed by the reduction of CO 2 to methanol via ethyl formate, as mechanistic basis.
Code-spread CDMA using maximum free distance low-rate convolutional codes (2000)

In code division multiple-access (CDMA) systems, maximum total throughput assuming a matched filter receiver can be obtained by spreading with low-rate error control codes. Previously, orthogonal, bi-orthogonal and super-orthogonal codes have been proposed for this purpose. We present in this paper a family of rate-compatible low-rate convolutional codes with maximum free distance. The performance of these codes for spectrum spreading in a CDMA system is evaluated and shown to outperform that of orthogonal and super-orthogonal codes as well as conventionally coded and spread systems. We also show that the proposed low rate codes will give simple encoder and decoder implementations. With these codes, any rate 1/n, n/spl les/512, are obtained for constraint lengths up to 11, resulting in a more flexible and powerful scheme than those previously proposed.
Potentiating effect of β-caryophyllene on anticancer activity of α-humulene, isocaryophyllene and paclitaxel (2007)

beta-caryophyllene is a sesquiterpene widely distributed in essential oils of various plants. Several biological activities are attributed to beta-caryophyllene, such as anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and local anaesthetic activities. In this work, the potentiating effect of beta-caryophyllene on the anticancer activity of alpha-humulene, isocaryophyllene and paclitaxel against MCF-7, DLD-1 and L-929 human tumour cell lines was evaluated. A non-cytotoxic concentration of beta-caryophyllene significantly increased the anticancer activity of alpha-humulene and isocaryophyllene on MCF-7 cells: alpha-humulene or isocaryophyllene alone (32 microg mL(-1)) inhibited cell growth by about 50% and 69%, respectively, compared with 75% and 90% when combined with 10 microg mL(-1) beta-caryophyllene. Moreover, beta-caryophyllene potentiated the anticancer activity of paclitaxel on MCF-7, DLD-1 and L-929 cell lines. The highest potentiating effect was obtained in DLD-1 cells treated with paclitaxel combined with 10 microg mL(-1) beta-caryophyllene, which increased the paclitaxel activity about 10-fold. The intracellular accumulation of paclitaxel-oregon green was evaluated in combination with concentrations of beta-caryophyllene ranging from 2.5 to 40 microg mL(-1). beta-Caryophyllene (10 microg mL(-1)) significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of paclitaxel-oregon green (about 64% over controls). Moreover, beta-caryophyllene induced intracellular accumulation of calcein but not verapamil, an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance related protein transporters, suggesting that beta-caryophyllene promotes drug accumulation by a different mechanism of action. These results suggest that beta-caryophyllene facilitates the passage of paclitaxel through the membrane and thus potentiates its anticancer activity.
An Off-Design Performance Prediction Model for Low-Speed Double-Discharge Centrifugal Fans (2013)

A generalized model for mapping the trend of the performance characteristics of a double-discharge centrifugal fan is developed based on the work by Casey and Robinson (C&amp;R) which formulated compressor performance maps for tip-speed Mach numbers ranging from 0.4 to 2 using test data obtained from turbochargers with vaneless diffusers. The current paper focuses on low-speed applications for Mach number below 0.4. The C&amp;R model uses four non-dimensional parameters at the design condition including the flow coefficient, the work input coefficient, the tip-speed Mach number and the polytropic efficiency, in developing a prediction model that requires limited geometrical knowledge of the centrifugal turbomachine. For the low-speed fan case, the C&amp;R formulas are further modified to apply a low-speed, incompressible analysis. The effort described in this paper begins by comparing generalized results using efficiency data obtained from a series of fan measurements to that using the C&amp;R model. For the efficiency map, the C&amp;R model is found to heavily depend on the ratio of the flow coefficient at peak efficiency to that at the choke flow condition. Since choke flow is generally not applicable in the low-speed centrifugal fan operational environment, an alternate, but accurate estimation method based on fan free delivery derived from the fan test data is presented. Using this new estimation procedure, the modified C&amp;R model predicts reasonably well using the double-discharge centrifugal fan data for high flow coefficients, but fails to correlate with the data for low flow coefficients. To address this undesirable characteristic, additional modifications to the C&amp;R model are also presented for the fan application at low flow conditions. A Reynolds number correction is implemented in the work input prediction of the C&amp;R model to account for low-speed test conditions. The new model provides reasonable prediction with the current fan data in both work input and pressure rise coefficients. Along with the developments for the efficiency and work input coefficient maps, the use of fan shut-off and free delivery conditions are also discussed for low-speed applications.