gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermosonic bonding for ultrasound transducers: Low-temperature metallurgical bonding (2012)

A low-temperature bonding process for ultrasound transducers is presented: compatible with poling requirements, manufacturability and reliability. In this work, we demonstrate that a thermosonic bonding process can provide a reliable, metallurgical bond at moderate temperatures, even down to room temperature, with bonding times in the order of seconds. Bonding parameters (temperature, compression force, ultrasonic energy) were optimized by evaluating shear strength on Au stud bump bonded Si chips. Model systems have been bonded, mimicking a complete Electro-Acoustic Module (EAM), including a stack of IC emulator / flex interconnection / interface part of the ultrasound transducer.
Duty-Cycled Bipolar/Unipolar RF-Energy Ablation with Multipolar-Circular and Linear Catheters (2011)

Radiofrequency (RF) has been the most widespread energy source for catheter ablation. Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation is a cornerstone in catheter ablation for any type of atrial fibrillation (AF). In complex cases of persistent AF, additional linear ablation can be added, or complex fractionated electrograms (CFAE) can be targeted for ablation. Although the evolution in ablation strategies led to increasingly complex and lengthy procedures, little progress has been made in the development of new ablation catheters. Traditional catheter ablation is performed in a single-tip, point-by-point ablation process. This technique requires an operator skill and procedures are lengthy, due to the number of potential targets. In addition, creating reliable contiguous transmural lesions with a single-point catheter is difficult. Recently, multi-electrode mapping and ablation catheters that allow simultaneous delivery of duty-cycled bipolar and unipolar RF energy from multiple points have been developed (Ablation Frontiers, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA). Available designs include a circular ring catheter (PVAC) for PV isolation, a linear array (TVAC) for creating linear lesions, and multi-array catheters (MASC and MAAC) for CFAE ablation. The generator (GENius, Medtronic) has five preset bipolar-to-unipolar energy settings, which, according to experimental data allow creation of different lesion depths. In this presentation, we will summarize our experience and current status of this new technology including some complications recently reported.
Arsenic(III)-Capped 12-Tungsto-2-Arsenates(III) [M2(AsIIIW6O25)2(AsIIIOH)x]n− (M = CrIII, FeIII, ScIII, InIII, TiIV, MnII) and Their Magnetic Properties (2021)

Six arsenic(III)-capped 12-tungsto-2-arsenates(III) of the type [M<sub>2</sub>(As<sup>III</sup>W<sub>6</sub>O<sub>25</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(As<sup>III</sup>OH)<sub><i>x</i></sub>]<sup><i>n</i>-</sup> (M = Cr<sup>III</sup>, <b>1</b>; Fe<sup>III</sup>, <b>2</b>; Sc<sup>III</sup>, <b>3</b>; In<sup>III</sup>, <b>4</b>; Ti<sup>IV</sup>, <b>5</b>; Mn<sup>II</sup>, <b>6</b>) have been synthesized in aqueous medium by direct reaction of the elements using a one-pot strategy and structurally characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, single-crystal XRD, and elemental analysis. Polyanions <b>1</b>-<b>6</b> are comprised of two octahedrally coordinated guest metal ions M sandwiched between two {AsW<sub>6</sub>} units, resulting in a structure with <i>C</i><sub>2<i>h</i></sub> point-group symmetry. Polyanions <b>1</b>-<b>5</b> contain tri- and tetravalent metal ion guests M (M = Cr<sup>III</sup>, Fe<sup>III</sup>, Sc<sup>III</sup>, In<sup>III</sup>, and Ti<sup>IV</sup>, respectively), and they have one {As<sup>III</sup>OH} group grafted on each {AsW<sub>6</sub>} unit, whereas the divalent Mn<sup>II</sup>-containing derivative <b>6</b> has two such {As<sup>III</sup>OH} groups grafted on each {AsW<sub>6</sub>} unit. Magnetic studies on polyanions <b>3</b>-<b>5</b> over the temperature range 1.8-295 K and magnetic fields of 0-7 T confirmed that they are diamagnetic. On the other hand, polyanions <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>6</b> are strongly magnetic and follow the Curie-Weiss law above 30 K. The susceptibility plots of <b>1</b> and <b>6</b> exhibit broad peaks suggesting short-range antiferromagnetic ordering, while the very weak antiferromagnetic ordering of <b>2</b> is overshadowed by traces of a paramagnetic impurity. The magnetization data of <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>6</b> at 1.8 K over 0-7 T were analyzed by using the Heisenberg exchange procedure. Small (negative) values of the obtained <i>J</i> values help in understanding the absence of long-range antiferromagnetic ordering.
Changes in the hierarchical protein polymer structure: urea and temperature effects on wheat gluten films (2012)

Understanding bio-based protein polymer structures is important when designing new materials with desirable properties. Here the effect of urea on the wheat gluten (WG) protein structure in WG–urea films was investigated. Small-angle X-ray scattering indicated the formation of a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) hierarchical structure in the WG–urea materials. The HCP structure was influenced significantly by the urea concentration and processing conditions. The interdomain distance dI between the HCP scattering objects increased with increasing content of urea and the objects seemed to be oriented in the extrusion direction. Additionally, the effect of temperature on the HCP structure was studied and it was shown that at ≥55 °C the HCP structure disappeared. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a rather denatured pattern of both HMW-glutenins and gliadins in the WG–urea films. The molecular packing of the WG protein polymer can be highly affected by an additive and the processing method used.
Reflection Electron Microscopy (REM) of Surface Steps & Dislocations on GaP(110) & GaAs(110) (1982)

Reflection electron microscopy (REM) in ultra high vacuum environment with heating stage has been reported by Osakabe, et al. In this paper, we present our results in REM imaging of single steps and dislocations using commercial electron microscopes (JEM-100B and Philips-400T) under ordinary pressure (10 -7 torr) and room temperature.
bnAb VRC01 coverage against clade C pseudoviruses viruses. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;Potency-breadth curves are presented for both IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; in red and IC&lt;sub&gt;80&lt;/sub&gt; titers in blue. Dashed vertical lines indicate concentrations of 50 ug/ml, 10 ug/ml and 1 ug/ml tested. Assays using starting concentrations of 50μg/ml were used for VRC01 data reported here.&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract 4552: Tumor-restricted immune modulation by multispecific molecules from the DARPin toolbox (2018)

Abstract During the last years, immune-modulating drugs became an important cornerstone in the treatment of cancer patients. In particular, the PD1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 antagonists revolutionized the field. However, only a limited number of patients benefit from these antagonistic molecules and more combination therapies are on the way to increase the number of patients benefiting from these novel therapies. Among the combinations, drugs that are T-cell or myeloid cell agonists belonging to the TNFR-superfamily show first promising clinical results. However, systemic immune activation bears the risk of severe side effects that will not allow using these powerful drugs at an effective dose. We have developed a new class of DARPin molecules that enable tumor-restricted immune cell activation of TNFR-superfamily agonists in the tumor only, thereby preventing systemic immune-activation. We generated DARPin molecules that bind with high affinity to TNFR-superfamily members (CD134, CD137 and CD40) and DARPin molecules that bind to tumor-specific antigens such as HER2 and EGFR or targets restricted to the tumor stroma compartment like FAP and extra-domain B of fibronectin (ED-B). Using these building blocks from our DARPin toolbox, we constructed a variety of multi-specific molecules consisting of a TNFR-superfamily receptor targeting DARPin molecule and a tumor-localizing DARPin molecule. In reporter cell assays the multi-specific DARPin molecules activate the respective TNF-superfamily receptor only in the presence of a cell expressing the tumor-localizer; e.g. the FAP-CD134 molecule activates CD134 only in the presence of a stromal cell expressing FAP and not in its absence. Moreover, activation of CD134 was dependent on the density of FAP expression on cells, showing that CD134 only becomes activated if a certain level of the tumor-localizing target is expressed. These finding were confirmed in experiments with primary immune cells where we see immune-cell activation only upon binding to the tumor-localizing target. This could be shown for multiple combinations (&amp;gt;8) and supports the concept that multi-specific DARPin molecules are powerful drug-candidates allowing tumor-restricted immune cell activation. Citation Format: Ulrike Fiedler, Christian Reichen, Joanna Taylor, Patricia Schildknecht, Sophie Barsin, Clara Metz, Anja Schlegel, Simon Fontaine, Denis Villemagne, Julia Ahlskog, Yvonne Kaufmann, Alexander Link, Nicolo Rigamonti, Julia Hepp, Michael T. Stumpp. Tumor-restricted immune modulation by multispecific molecules from the DARPin toolbox [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4552.
A simplified and sensitive immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry protocol for the analysis of amyloid-beta peptides in brain tissue (2019)

In the field of Alzheimer's disease, there is an urgent need for novel analytical tools to identify disease-specific biomarkers and to evaluate therapeutics. Preclinical trials commonly employ amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide signatures as a read-out. In this paper, we report a simplified and detailed protocol for robust immunoprecipitation of Aβ in brain tissue prior to mass spectrometric detection exemplified by a study using transgenic mice. The established method employed murine monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal antibodies and was capable of yielding well-reproducible peaks of high intensity with low background signal intensities corresponding to various Aβ forms.
Synergistic Activation of Serum Amyloid a (SAA) by IL-6 and IL-1 in Combination on Human Hep 3B Hepatoma Cell Line. Role of PGE2 and IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (1995)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) protein is a major acute phase reactant in human and many other species. Infections and traumatic inflammation are characterized by a rapid increase of SAA; its concentration in the plasma may augment many-fold. Cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-6 are considered mediators of acute phase protein synthesis. The most accredited mechanism of action of IL-1 in inflammatory diseases is the stimulation of PGE2 release, which is highly dependent on the concentration of IL-1. In this study we found that human Hep 3B hepatoma cells treated with the combination of hrIL-6 (10ng/ml) plus hrIL-1 (1ng/ml) produced an augmentation in steady-state levels of SAA mRNA (87%) compared to hrIL-6 (10ng/ml) plus PGE2 (5 microM), which induced an increase of only 33%, compared to IL-6 alone, while cells treated with hrIL-6 plus PGE2 (0.5 microM) had a similar effect as hrIL-6 did alone. Moreover, the addition of exogenous PGE2 (5 microM) to the cell cultures produced no significant increase in concentration of SAA mRNA compared to the control. In addition, according to the data obtained by the blot analysis we also found, by ELISA method, that hrIL-6 acts in synergism with hrIL-1 on SAA protein secretion in human Hep 3B hepatoma cell cultures after 48 h incubation. In fact, the cell cultures treated with hrIL-6 plus hrIL-1 caused a higher release approximately 1.5-4-fold of SAA protein than the cells treated with IL-6 plus PGE2 5 microM or IL-1 + PGE2 5 microM, respectively. The synergistic effect of hrIL-6 plus hrIL-1 beta was inhibited by hrIL-1 receptor antagonist (hrIL-1ra) 50 micrograms/ml, a protein which specifically binds to the IL-1 receptor and is structurally similar to IL-1 beta but with no IL-1-like activity; while indomethacin (5 microM) was ineffective. These results strongly suggest that the synergism between hrIL-6 plus hrIL-1 on the transcription and the protein release of SAA release is not due to a PGE2-dependent process in human Hep 3B hepatoma cells. This finding highlights a specific biological effect of IL-1 not in relation to PGE2, suggesting a specific mechanism of action for IL-1 in regulating acute phase protein synthesis.
7Li and 51V MAS NMR Study of the Electrochemical Behavior of Li1+xV3O8 (2004)

7Li and 51V MAS NMR spectra acquired during the electrochemical cycling of the layered battery material Li1+xV3O8 have been used to follow the local structural and electronic changes that occur during the different stages of intercalation/deintercalation. Several resonances are observed using 51V MAS NMR and an attempt to assign them to the different vanadium sites on the basis of the differences in the width of their sidebands manifolds is made. Both the 51V and 7Li NMR spectra show multiple vanadium and lithium local environments, and the spectra cannot be explained by using a simple model, based on the number of crystallographically distinct vanadium sites. Deintercalated samples with x close to 0 (prepared at potentials of 4.2 V vs Li) give 51V spectra with very poor resolution. On lithium intercalation, the 51V NMR resonances sharpen and shift to higher frequencies; three sharp resonances along with two broader resonances are clearly resolved for the samples prepared at potentials of 3.4 and 3.0 V (x = 0.3 and 0.5, respectively). This behavior is consistent with solid solution behavior in this potential range. Three lithium sites are observed which are assigned to the octahedral site and two tetrahedral sites between the lithium layers. The phase transition that is seen in the electrochemical data, but not with structural probes (such as X-ray diffraction), and that occurs close to 2.8 V (to form Li2V3O8), results in a decrease in the resolution of the 51V resonances, and the observation of new 7Li resonances at negative frequencies with much shorter relaxation times. Variable temperature experiments confirm that the shifts and short relaxation times are due to a transferred hyperfine interaction. Based on the 7Li and 51V spectra, the phase transition is ascribed to the formation of localized V4+ and V5+ ions. Further intercalation to form Li4V3O8 results in the complete loss of the 51V resonances and larger 7Li hyperfine shifts, due to the presence of unpaired (d1) electrons.
A bending wave simulator for investigating directional vibration sensing in insects (2001)

Substrate vibrations are important in social and ecological interactions for many insects and other arthropods. Localization cues include time and amplitude differences among an array of vibration detectors. However, for small species these cues are greatly reduced, and localization mechanisms remain unclear. Here we describe a method of simulating the vibrational environment that facilitates investigation of localization mechanisms in small species. Our model species was the treehopper Umbonia crassicornis (Membracidae; length 1 cm), which communicates using bending waves that propagate along plant stems. We designed a simulator consisting of a length of dowel and two actuators. The actuators were driven with two time signals that created the relationship between slope and displacement characteristic of steady-state bending wave motion. Because the surface of the dowel does not bend, as would a natural stem, close approximation of bending wave motion was limited to a region in the center of the dowel. An example of measurements of the dynamic response of an insect on the simulator is provided to illustrate its utility in the study of directional vibration sensing in insects.
Properties of numerical SAM phantom used in mobile phone antenna simulations (2005)

The simulated radiation efficiency and SAR behavior of a mobile telephone antenna beside the numerical CAD-based SAM phantom is investigated. The effects of the thin solid shell, the frequency-dependent electrical properties of the head liquid and the type of the numerical discretization of the phantom on the simulated results are investigated. It is shown that the solid shell has a significant effect on the simulated efficiency and SAR results. It is also shown that this kind of simulation can be generally simplified by using a liquid-filled phantom with fixed electrical head liquid properties. Finally, it is shown that the stability of the simulation can be improved further, without significant loss of accuracy, by applying a simplified discretization technique for the phantom.
Accelerating Critical Section Execution with Asymmetric Multicore Architectures (2010)

Contention for critical sections can reduce performance and scalability by causing thread serialization. The proposed accelerated critical sections mechanism reduces this limitation. ACS executes critical sections on the high-performance core of an asymmetric chip multiprocessor (ACMP), which can execute them faster than the smaller cores can.
Intrinsic switching variability in HfO<inf>2</inf> RRAM (2013)

In this work, we present a systematic electrical characterization of TiN\HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> \Hf\TiN RRAM elements from the variability perspective. Variability of both programmed resistance values and switching triggering voltages has been evaluated on small scaled cells in a wide operating current range (2μA till 500μA's), for different oxide stacks, in DC and pulsed conditions. For the first time device-to-device and cycle-to-cycle variability are thoroughly compared as well as the impact of different oxygen vacancy profiles. Increase of variability in low current operation is also elucidated.
Comparative Evaluation of Individual and Coupled Inductor Arrangements for Input Filters of PV Inverter Systems (2012)

Photovoltaic systems (PV) of higher power are connected to the grid through three-phase inverters via output filters which are designed to limit Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), in order to comply with international standards. With the purpose of reducing the volume of this converter, this paper evaluates 3 configurations of bridge legs and output magnetic components and identifies the most compact options for a system of 10kVA. A single bridge leg and two interleaved bridge legs with coupled or uncoupled inductors are considered in the comparison. Switching frequency and total silicon area are fixed and the volume of the passive components and the heatsink are evaluated as well as the system efficiency. The analysis developed in this paper show that the configuration with interleaved bridge legs and coupled inductors has a total volume close to 70% when compared to the configuration with interleaved bridge legs and uncoupled inductors, but it has a similar total volume when compared to the configuration with a single bridge leg. Although it is reported in the literature that systems with coupled inductors usually have a lower volume, the case at hand has the output filters designed to comply with EMI standards and it will be shown that, like this, the volume reduction of magnetic components provided by coupled inductors is compensated by the increase on the volume of capacitors.
Students' Recognition on Fit in the Manufacturing Exercize (2002)

At Department of Mechanicl Engineering Tokyo University, about 131 students take the subject "Manufacturing Exercize" in one torm. We divide the students into 2 classes, and in each class, 12 groups are constructed, 5 to 6 studente belong to each group. As Campus factory has no sufficient manufacturing machines for these students, students air requested to wait for the other students ezercize. in oder to shoorter thes waiting time, the instructors make a 2 machine parts, In this parper the authors are reporting on Fit in the students' manufacturing Ezercize
A distributed algorithm for instantaneous allocation of discrete resources in heterogeneous networks (2009)

The objective of this paper is two fold: proposes a distributed resource optimization framework in the context of heterogeneous systems and optimizes allocation of discrete resources and bit rates to users within each system (network). In fact, most of existing wireless techniques use Adaptive Modulation and Coding technique where a finite set of Modulation and Coding schemes is available in the system. The bit rates to attribute to users are then selected among a finite set of available discrete rates. More specifically, the objective in this paper is to minimize to overall transmit power of the whole system while ensuring to each user a minimum data rate and fulfilling a maximum power constraint within each system. The use of centralized optimization frameworks to handle Radio Resource Management (RRM) problem in heterogeneous systems requires huge signaling overhead. In order to obtain distributed resource allocation, we approach the problem by using a convex optimization framework and thus split it into different subproblems each one performed by a given agent of the network(base station or user). We propose then a distributed algorithm based on successive iterations (negotiations) between the base stations and users. In each iteration, each network node (user or base station) has to handle a discrete optimization problem using an efficient (low complexity) algorithm described in the paper. By using in each iteration an appropriate update method, based on the subgradient of the dual Lagrangian objective function, our approach converges to the optimal solution with zero duality gap and after a finite number of iterations. Simulation results show good performance of the proposed algorithm and the convergence to the global optimal solution.
Memristors as synapse emulators in the context of event-based computation (2014)

Event-based computation is a well-established way of reducing the complexity of neural modelling, often used as an enabling step towards the simulation of large neuronal ensembles. Recently, the advent of the physical memristor has provided the scientific community with a stand-alone nanoelectronic device that exhibits strongly `synapse-like' behaviour and can be used in general neural modelling. In this paper we review the suitability of the most common, basic memristor models for use in tandem with event-based techniques and conclude that neither of them can support spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP); a staple of modern neuroscience.We then identify the necessary attributes of any model that can enmesh STDP into event-based computation and present measured results evidencing that solid-state TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based memristors intrinsically support such feature.