gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fine Fuel Heating by Radiant Flux (2010)

Experiments were conducted wherein wood shavings and Ponderosa pine needles in quiescent air were subjected to a steady radiation heat flux from a planar ceramic burner. The internal temperature of these particles was measured using fine diameter (0.076 mm diameter) type K thermocouples. A narrow angle radiometer was used to determine the emissive power generated by the burner. A model was developed to predict the steady-state temperature of a cylindrical particle with an imposed radiation heat flux under both quiescent air (buoyancy-induced cooling) and windy (forced convection cooling) conditions. Excellent agreement was observed between the model predictions and the experimental data. Parametric studies using the validated model explore the effect of burner (flame) temperature and distance, fuel size, and wind speed. The data suggest that ignition of the fuel element by radiation heating alone is likely only under circumstances where the fire is very intense (such as crown fires), and even then may still be dependent on pilot ignition sources.
Withaferin A Inhibits the Proteasome Activity in Mesothelioma In Vitro and In Vivo (2012)

The medicinal plant Withania somnifera has been used for over centuries in Indian Ayurvedic Medicine to treat a wide spectrum of disorders. Withaferin A (WA), a bioactive compound that is isolated from this plant, has anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancer properties. Here we investigated malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) suppressive effects of WA and the molecular mechanisms involved. WA inhibited growth of the murine as well as patient-derived MPM cells in part by decreasing the chymotryptic activity of the proteasome that resulted in increased levels of ubiquitinated proteins and pro-apoptotic proteasome target proteins (p21, Bax, IκBα). WA suppression of MPM growth also involved elevated apoptosis as evidenced by activation of pro-apoptotic p38 stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) and caspase-3, elevated levels of pro-apoptotic Bax protein and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP). Our studies including gene-array based analyses further revealed that WA suppressed a number of cell growth and metastasis-promoting genes including c-myc. WA treatments also stimulated expression of the cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein (CARP)-1/CCAR1, a novel transducer of cell growth signaling. Knock-down of CARP-1, on the other hand, interfered with MPM growth inhibitory effects of WA. Intra-peritoneal administration of 5 mg/kg WA daily inhibited growth of murine MPM cell-derived tumors in vivo in part by inhibiting proteasome activity and stimulating apoptosis. Together our in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that WA suppresses MPM growth by targeting multiple pathways that include blockage of proteasome activity and stimulation of apoptosis, and thus holds promise as an anti-MPM agent.
Proteolysis of Complement Factors iC3b and C5 by the Serine Protease Prostate-Specific Antigen in Prostatic Fluid and Seminal Plasma (2013)

Prostate-specific Ag (PSA) is a serine protease that is expressed exclusively by normal and malignant prostate epithelial cells. The continued high-level expression of PSA by the majority of men with both high- and low-grade prostate cancer throughout the course of disease progression, even in the androgen-ablated state, suggests that PSA has a role in the pathogenesis of disease. Current experimental and clinical evidence suggests that chronic inflammation, regardless of the cause, may predispose men to prostate cancer. The responsibility of the immune system in immune surveillance and eventually tumor progression is well appreciated but not completely understood. In this study, we used a mass spectrometry-based evaluation of prostatic fluid obtained from diseased prostates after removal by radical prostatectomy to identify potential immunoregulatory proteins. This analysis revealed the presence of Igs and the complement system proteins C3, factor B, and clusterin. Verification of these findings by Western blot confirmed the high-level expression of C3 in the prostatic fluid and the presence of a previously uncharacterized C-terminal C3 cleavage product. Biochemical analysis of this C3 cleavage fragment revealed a putative PSA cleavage site after tyrosine-1348. Purified PSA was able to cleave iC3b and the related complement protein C5. These results suggest a previously uncharacterized function of PSA as an immunoregulatory protease that could help to create an environment hospitable to malignancy through proteolysis of the complement system.
Generator Speed Control Utilizing Hydraulic Displacement Units in a Constant Pressure Grid for Mobile Electrical Systems (2016)

Liebherr mobile harbor cranes use electrical generators to provide electrical power for load attachment devices such as container spreaders or magnets. Upcoming exhaust and noise emission standards and energy saving considerations lead to a broad diesel engine speed range. The challenging design aspect is to ensure a constant speed of the asynchronous generator by the hydraulic drive system. In addition, electrical load profiles of inductive consumers usually have DT1 system characteristics with very small time constants. They evoke fast torque variations interfacing the hydraulic transmission. Liebherr mobile harbor cranes, see Figure 1, usually have a closed hydraulic circuit containing a hydraulic pump with a high displacement volume that is adjusted electronically in accordance to the current diesel engine speed. Regarding the energy saving aspects, a further minimization of the diesel engine speed leads to a larger pump size with increasing torque losses. Depending on the pressure setting, the volume flows can be reduced in constant pressure grids. Especially in part-load operation this results in better efficiency compared to closed hydraulic circuits by minimizing the displacement volume of hydraulic components. To obtain a stable generator speed, it is essential to adjust the displacement volume of the hydraulic unit for equalizing its input torque with the Figure 1: LHM 800 Group 10 - Mobile Hydraulics | Paper 10-5 199 generator load torque. In interaction with the software-based control architecture, the stability of the electrical frequency depends on the mass inertia of the generator drive and time constants of the embedded hydraulic actuators. The system model, represented by ODEs is established and verified with a hydraulic simulation software. On that basis, the design approach of a PI-state-controller is presented. Corresponding controller gains and state feedback parameters are determined by pole placement techniques. To conclude this investigation a comparison between the hydraulically closed circuit and the constant pressure grid is shown by simulation and measurement data.
Optically Active Transition Metal Complexes. 128 [1] Synthesis, Characterization and Molecular Structures of Cycloheptatrienyl-Iminphos-Molybdenum Complexes Differing Only in the Metal Configuration (2002)

The chiral-at-metal cycloheptatrienyl-molybdenum complexes (RMo, SC)-[(η7-C7H7)Mo(iminphos)(CO)]BF4 (2a) and (SMo, SC)-[(η7-C7H7)Mo(iminphos)(CO)]BF4 (2b) (iminphos = 2-[N-(S)-1-phenylethylcarbaldimino]phenyl(diphenyl)phosphane), which only differ in the molybdenum configuration, were prepared and separated by fractional crystallization. The absolute configuration for both diastereomers was determined by X-ray analysis. 1H NMR studies demonstrated the configurational lability at the molybdenum centre in solution. Optisch aktive Übergangsmetall-Komplexe. 128 [1] Synthese, Charakterisierung und Molekülstrukturen von chiralen Cycloheptatrienyl-Iminphos-Molybdän-Komplexen mit unterschiedlicher Metallkonfiguration Die am Metall chiralen Cycloheptatrienyl-Molybdän-Komplexe (RMo, SC)-[(η7-C7H7)Mo(iminphos)(CO)]BF4 (2a) und (SMo, SC)-[(η7-C7H7)Mo(iminphos)(CO)]BF4 (2b) (iminphos = -2-[N-(S)-1-Phenylethylcarbaldimino]phenyl(diphenyl)phosphan), die sich nur in der Konfiguration am Molybdänatom unterscheiden, wurden dargestellt und durch fraktionierende Kristallisation getrennt. Die absolute Konfiguration wurde für beide Diastereomere durch Kristallstrukturanalyse bestimmt. Durch 1H-NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen konnte die Konfigurationslabilität des Metallzentrums nachgewiesen werden.
A survey in indexing and searching XML documents (2002)

Abstract XML holds the promise to yield (1) a more precise search by providing additional information in the elements, (2) a better integrated search of documents from heterogeneous sources, (3) a powerful search paradigm using structural as well as content specifications, and (4) data and information exchange to share resources and to support cooperative search. We survey several indexing techniques for XML documents, grouping them into flat‐file, semistructured, and structured indexing paradigms. Searching techniques and supporting techniques for searching are reviewed, including full text search and multistage search. Because searching XML documents can be very flexible, various search result presentations are discussed, as well as database and information retrieval system integration and XML query languages. We also survey various retrieval models, examining how they would be used or extended for retrieving XML documents. To conclude the article, we discuss various open issues that XML poses with respect to information retrieval and database research.
Microscale Heat and Mass Transport of Evaporating Thin Film of Binary Mixture (2006)

Analytical and computational studies are presented to examine the effect of binary mixture (pentane/decane) on the microscale heat and mass transport of an evaporating meniscus formed inside a two-dimensional slotted pore. Mass conservation in the liquid film is combined with the momentum equations, energy balance, and normal stress balance and then scaled yielding two constitutive equations: 1) a fourth-order, nonlinear, ordinary differential equation for thin-film profile [Eq. (27)] and 2) a first-order, linear, ordinary differential equation for concentration profile [Eq. (30)]. The numerical results showed that the magnitude of distillation-driven capillary stress due to the composition gradient of a binary mixture can be larger than the thermocapillary stress due to temperature gradient while they are acting in opposite direction. Henceforth, the proof-of-concept has been established in that the binary mixture could facilitate improvement of the evaporating thin-film stability. It was also shown that the resulting stress elongated the length of the evaporating thin-film region without degradation of heat transport effectiveness. Copyright © 2005 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Inc. All rights reserved.
Development of FeNiMoB thin film materials for microfabricated magnetoelastic sensors (2012)

MetglasTM 2826MB foils of 25–30 μm thickness with the composition of Fe40Ni38Mo4B18 have been used for magnetoelastic sensors in various applications over many years. This work is directed at the investigation of ∼3 μm thick iron-nickel-molybdenum-boron (FeNiMoB) thin films that are intended for integrated microsystems. The films are deposited on Si substrate by co-sputtering of iron-nickel (FeNi), molybdenum (Mo), and boron (B) targets. The results show that dopants of Mo and B can significantly change the microstructure and magnetic properties of FeNi materials. When FeNi is doped with only Mo its crystal structure changes from polycrystalline to amorphous with the increase of dopant concentration; the transition point is found at about 10 at. % of Mo content. A significant change in anisotropic magnetic properties of FeNi is also observed as the Mo dopant level increases. The coercivity of FeNi films doped with Mo decreases to a value less than one third of the value without dopant. Doping the FeNi with B together with Mo considerably decreases the value of coercivity and the out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy properties, and it also greatly changes the microstructure of the material. In addition, doping B to FeNiMo remarkably reduces the remanence of the material. The film material that is fabricated using an optimized process is magnetically as soft as amorphous MetglasTM 2826MB with a coercivity of less than 40 Am−1. The findings of this study provide us a better understanding of the effects of the compositions and microstructure of FeNiMoB thin film materials on their magnetic properties.
BOARD OF REVIEWERS (2001)

Manuscripts submitted to the Annals are initially seen either by the Chief Editor or Screening Editors (Free Papers) and Guest Editors (Theme Papers). They nominate two or more expert reviewers to assess the papers and later review the comments before making an editorial decision. Our sincere thanks to the following specialists who completed and returned their reviews between 10 November 2004 and 9 December 2005 – your expertise and time generously given have been a major factor in maintaining our high standards. We apologise if we inadvertently omitted any name, but please inform the Editorial Board.
Crystal structures of di-μ-bromido-bis{dibromido[η5-2-(dimethylamino)indenyl]zirconium(IV)} and dibromidobis[η5-2-(dimethylamino)indenyl]zirconium(IV) (2016)

In the title compounds, [Zr<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>6</sub>(C<sub>11</sub>H<sub>12</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>], (I) and [ZrBr<sub>2</sub>(C<sub>11</sub>H<sub>12</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>], (II), the positions of the η<sup>5</sup>-binding 2-di-methyl-amino-indenyl units are fixed by intra-molecular C-H⋯Br inter-actions involving aromatic or di-methyl-amino H atoms. The binuclear mol-ecule of (I) is located on a general position, while the mononuclear mol-ecule of (II) is situated on a twofold rotation axis. Both Zr<sup>IV</sup> atoms in (I) are ligated by one cyclo-penta-dienyl (CP) ring and four Br ligands (two bridging, two terminal), while in (II) the Zr<sup>IV</sup> atom is ligated by two CP rings and two terminal Br ligands. The crystal structures of both (I) and (II) comprise of strands of π-π- and N-π-bonded mol-ecules, which in turn are linked by C-H⋯Br inter-actions.
Photovoltaic module diagnostics by series resistance monitoring and temperature and rated power estimation (2008)

One of the most important parameters, which characterizes a photovoltaic panel health state, is its series resistance. An increase of this, normally indicates bad contacts between cells or panels. An other important property, which characterizes the aging of the panel is the reduction of its MPP power in standard test conditions (STC <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> ). Simulation and experimental measurements regarding the determination of a PV panel series resistance, its MPP power in STC, as well as its temperature, are presented in this paper. It is shown that the panel series resistance can be determined experimentally without needing to perform an entire I-V curve scan. The panel MPP power in STC and its temperature - given the irradiance is measured - can be well approximated using the measured I-V curve, and a simple model of the PV panel.
Thermochemiluminescence Immunoassay for hCG (1990)

Sensitivity = tangent of the slope of the immunoassay curve (signal/[antigen]); precision = reproducibility of a measurement; detection limit = a limiting value which can be distinguished from the zero value.
Analysis of magneto-optical Kerr spectra of ferrimagnetic Mn$_4$N (2023)

Simulations of magneto-optical Kerr effect in biaxially strained Mn$_4$N are performed using density functional theory and linear response theory. We consider three ferrimagnetic phases, two collinear and one noncollinear, which have been corroborated separately by earlier studies. The simulated spectra are compared to magneto-optical data available in recent literature. A collinear ferrimagnetic phase with a small saturation magentization, a large perpendicular anisotropy, and Curie temperature above 700~K is found to be consistent with the measured spectra. We hypothesise that an admixture of the noncollinear phase, which could explain the lower than predicted net moment and magnetic anisotropy observed experimentally, is also present.
Generation of terrestrial kilometric radiation by a beam-driven electromagnetic instability (1976)

A beam-driven electromagnetic instability which operates in the top side ionosphere in the presence of ion wave turbulence is suggested as a possible explanation of terrestrial kilometric radiation. Theoretical estimates of the central frequency and bandwidth of radiation produced in this way are consistent with observations. In its simplest form the instability mechanism leads to a spectrum of kilometric radiation which propagates primarily in the left ordinary mode as it leaves the source region.
Emicizumab Augments Thrombus Formation in Whole Blood from Patients with Hemophilia A under High Shear Flow Conditions (2020)

Emicizumab enhanced thrombin generation at local sites and improved defective hemostasis in whole blood from PwHAs under high shear conditions. Simple concomitant use of BPAs with emicizumab did not mediate excessive thrombus formation and remains an option for hemostatic management of emicizumab-treated PwHAs with inhibitors.
Frequency-modulated comb LIDAR (Conference Presentation) (2020)

We propose and demonstrate a new class of LIDAR technique based on optical frequency comb, named frequency-modulated comb LIDAR (FMcombLIDAR), to realize both high resolution and long distance measurement, overcoming the trade-off between the scan range and the coherence length. In FMcomb LIDAR, the multiple carriers from an optical frequency comb are used, enabling the coherent stitching of the multiple carriers. FMcomb LIDAR allows for a resolution equivalent to scanning by many comb modes while scanning only by the comb mode spacing.
High Energy X-Ray Used to Investigate the Synthesis of Full Concentration Gradient Cathode (2015)

Nickel-rich lithium transition metal oxides can deliver a high specific capacity during cycling, but there is a concern about the highly reaction between the cathode and the non-aqueous electrolytes. To maintain high specific capacity and improve cycling performance , we have employed solid state reaction to synthesize a full concentration gradient (FCG) cathode, which has a nominal composition of LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 . It is designed to provide a nickel-rich core to deliver high capacity and a manganese-rich outer layer to provide enhanced stability and cycle life. The solid-state reaction to form a high performance nickel-rich cathode material is a complicated multiple-step reaction. Therefore, in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction was utilized to study the structural evolution during the solid-state synthesis of FCG cathode. We found that both the pre-heating step and the sintering temperature were critical in controlling phase separation of the transition metal oxides and minimizing the content of Li 2 CO 3 and NiO, both of which deteriorate the electrochemical performance of the final material. The insights revealed in this talk can also be utilized for the design of other nickel-rich high energy-density cathode materials.
The frontiers of optical access networks (2015)

We report on the state-of-the-art and future prospects and challenges of optical access networks. These networks can be used for various different applications such as fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) but also for backhauling data communications as well as for mobile back- and fronthauling purposes. While currently different, physically separated networks are used for these applications, in the future convergence to a unified network is envisioned. We will describe the challenges associated with such a network. We will also give a short overview on current standardization activities and an outlook to next-generation optical access networks.
Phase Coherent Precessional Magnetization Reversal in Microscopic Spin Valve Elements (2003)

We evidence multiple coherent precessional magnetization reversal in microscopic spin valves. Stable, reversible, and highly efficient magnetization switching is triggered by transverse field pulses as short as 140 ps with energies down to 15 pJ. At high fields a phase coherent reversal is found revealing periodic transitions from switching to nonswitching under variation of pulse parameters. At the low field limit the existence of a relaxation dominated regime is established allowing switching by pulse amplitudes below the quasistatic switching threshold.
Low-Level Expression of the Tumor Suppressor Bim in CML Cells: Role of BCR/ABL, Delineation of Underlying Signaling Pathways, and Re-Expression by Imatinib, AMN107, and Proteasome Inhibitors. (2005)

Abstract Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease in which BCR/ABL enhances survival of leukemic cells through modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic molecules. Recent data suggest that pro-apoptotic Bim plays a role as a tumor-suppressor in myeloid cells, and that leukemic cells express only low amounts of this death activator. In the current study, we have investigated expression of Bim in primary CML cells and in the CML cell lines K562 and KU812, and in Ba/F3 cells inducibly expressing BCR/ABL on exposure to doxycycline (TonB.210-X). As assessed by Northern- and Western blotting, primary CML cells were found to express significantly lower amounts of Bim mRNA and Bim protein compared to normal bone marrow cells. The BCR/ABL-inhibitors imatinib (Novartis Pharma AG) and AMN107 (Novartis Pharma AG) were found to promote Bim expression in CML cells at pharmacologic concentrations. Correspondingly, BCR/ABL was found to down-regulate expression of Bim in TonB.210-X cells. The BCR/ABL-induced decrease in expression of Bim in leukemic cells was found to be a post-transcriptional event that depended on signaling through MEK, and was abrogated by the proteasome-inhibitor MG132. Interestingly, MG132 was found to up-regulate Bim-expression and to suppress the growth of Ba/F3 cells containing either wild-type BCR/ABL or various imatinib-resistant mutants of BCR/ABL including the T315I mutant that is resistant to all currently available ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitors (IC50: 30–100 nM). To confirm the role of Bim as a tumor suppressor in CML, a Bim specific siRNA was transfected into K562 cells. This siRNA was found to counteract imatinib- and MG132-induced cell death. In conclusion, our data identify BCR/ABL as a Bim-suppressor in CML cells and suggest, that re-expression of Bim by proteasome inhibition or by targeting of signaling pathways downstream of BCR/ABL may be an attractive therapeutic approach in imatinib-resistant CML.
Temperature dependent ESR of doped chalcogenide nanotubes (2003)

Recently discovered single‐wall subnanometer‐diameter molybdenum disulfide tubes (nMoS2) were electrochemically doped with Li and then studied with X‐band ESR. While undoped nMoS2 show no X‐band ESR signal between room temperature and 4 K we found in heavily doped nMoS2 samples two distinct ESR components: a narrow component with a linewidth of few Gauss and attributed to the formation of small spin clusters and a broad component with a linewidth of more than 800 G. The broad ESR component is characteristic of Mo d‐orbital‐derived band. The temperature dependence of the ESR spin susceptibility and the linewidth of the broad ESR component can be discussed either in terms of conducting electrons coupled to defects or in terms of random‐exchange Mo Heisenberg chain model.
Group IV compounds for integrated photonic applications (2016)

We report methods of engineering the bandgap of SiGe and Ge compounds for the fabrication of electro absorption modulators and light emitting devices. We demonstrate uniform composition, single crystal, defect free SiGe-on-insulator formation. The composition can be tuned in different positions of the chip by modifying the structural design. We also demonstrate Ge disks with strain values of 1.1 and 0.6%.