gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incidence of blindness and visual impairment in diabetic patients participating in an ophthalmological control and screening programme (1996)

We studied the incidence of blindness and visual impairment in patients who were enrolled in a photographic control- and screening program for diabetic retinopathy. The study cohort consisted of 2133 patients examined between January 1990 and December 1992 and followed until October 1st 1995. The occurrence of blindness (visual acuity < or = 0.1) and moderate visual impairment (visual acuity 0.2-0.4) was assessed. The Wisconsin scale was used to grade retinopathy. The mean HbA1c value for the last 8 years was used to represent long-term glycaemic control. Average follow-up time was 2.9 years. Seven patients were blind and 24 had visual impairment caused by retinopathy at the entry of the study. Six patients went blind due to retinopathy during the study period, corresponding to an incidence of 1.0 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval 0.4-2.1), and 28 became visually impaired, corresponding to an incidence of 4.6 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval 3.0-6.6). Multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between blindness/visual impairment and old age, long duration of diabetes, and poor glycaemic control. HbA1c values in the highest quartile, i.e. > or = 8.5%, were associated with a 65% increase in risk of blindness/visual impairment (95% confidence interval 14-130%). Retinopathy was the major cause of blindness and visual impairment in patients with diabetes. The study revealed a low incidence of blindness, which is in line with recent reports. Control of hyperglycaemia may be of value for the prevention of visual loss.
SYNTHESIS AND RADIORECEPTOR BINDING ACTIVITY OF TURKEY β‐ENDORPHIN AND DEACETYLATED SALMON ENDORPHIN (1980)

Des-acetylated salmon endorphin and turkey beta-endorphin have been synthesized by the solid-phase method. Relative opiate activities in a radioreceptor binding assay are: human beta-endorphin, 100; des-acetylated salmon endorphin, 169; turkey beta-endorphin, 94. Thus, non-mammalian endorphins can show high activity in a mammalian assay system.
Novel design of att-PSM structure for extreme-ultraviolet lithography and enhancement of image contrast during inspection (2002)

Attenuated Phase Shift Masks (Att-PSM) have been actively investigated and developed for conventional optical lithography to enhance the lithographic performance. In this paper, Att-PSM for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) is compared to binary EUVL masks through simulation. Additionally, a new structural design for EUVL Att-PSM that is intended to enhance the image contrast during the inspection is also presented. Aerial image simulation for 50 and 35-nm wide contact holes was performed using an internally developed optical projection lithography simulator. Analysis of phase shift and attenuation for various combinations of Att-PSM layers was also done using an internally developed simulator based on optical multilayer thin film theory. The results of aerial image simulation agree with previously published results in that Att-PSM for EUVL provide steeper edge profile and higher peak intensity compared to the binary EUVL mask. These enhanced aerial images provide greater exposure latitude and 28 percent to 80 percent greater depth of focus for Att-PSM compared to binary masks for printing contacts. The simulations were also used to set initial targets for phase and reflectance control of the PSM stack for 35-nm contacts. Mean reflectance between 3 and 6 percent and phase of 180 +/- 10 degrees result in significantly larger DOF than for binary masks. The prototype structure simulated for an EUVL Att-PSM consists of an upper dielectric layer (SiON) and a lower metal layer (TaN or Cr) on top of Mo/Si multilayer mirror. With this dual layer scheme, satisfying the optical requirements is easier than with a single layer structure because accurate control of phase shift and attenuation is possible by controlling the thickness of both the upper and lower layers. Obtaining the desired phase shift and transmission using a single layer is difficult. The advantage of having a dielectric (SiON) top layer is that the thickness of dielectric layer can be optimized to enhance the image contrast at inspection wavelength (normally DUV) as well as to provide the desired phase shift at exposure wavelength (13.4-13.5nm). Another advantage of Att-PSM for EUVL is the reduced height of patterned structure on the multilayer mirror which provides a relative advantage in resolution by reducing the image blur caused by the shadowing effects of the taller absorber stack.
Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope using liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator: Performance study with involuntary eye movement (2017)

The performance of an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AO-SLO) using a liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator and Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor was investigated. The system achieved high-resolution and high-contrast images of human retinas by dynamic compensation for the aberrations in the eyes. Retinal structures such as photoreceptor cells, blood vessels, and nerve fiber bundles, as well as blood flow, could be observed in vivo. We also investigated involuntary eye movements and ascertained microsaccades and drifts using both the retinal images and the aberrations recorded simultaneously. Furthermore, we measured the interframe displacement of retinal images and found that during eye drift, the displacement has a linear relationship with the residual low-order aberration. The estimated duration and cumulative displacement of the drift were within the ranges estimated by a video tracking technique. The AO-SLO would not only be used for the early detection of eye diseases, but would also offer a new approach for involuntary eye movement research.
Analysis of an automatic ultrasound image registration system to improve contrast quantification for hepatic perfusion assessment (2005)

Poster: ECR 2005 / C-0394 / Analysis of an automatic ultrasound image registration system to improve contrast quantification for hepatic perfusion assessment by: A. Gardner1, T. S. Sumanaweera1, M. N. Woelmer2, R. W. Steins1, E. Leen 3; 1Mountain View, CA/US, 2Ann Arbor, MI/US, 3London/UK
Facial recognition by a compact parallel optical correlator (2002)

With the progress of information technology, the need for an accurate personal identification system based on biological characteristics is increasing the demand for this type of security technology instead of conventional systems using ID cards or pin numbers. Among other features, the face is the most familiar element and is less subject to psychological resistance. As a simple and compact recognition system satisfying the required performance, we implemented a hybrid system based on the optical recognition principle using a multi-level zone plate as a Fourier-transform lens and we report the preliminary results of their application to face recognition.
Immunization With Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor as a Vaccine Adjuvant Elicits Both a Cellular and Humoral Response to Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (1999)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an important cytokine for the generation and propagation of antigen-presenting cells and for priming a cellular immune response. We report here that use of recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF), administered as an adjuvant in a peptide-based vaccine trial given monthly by intradermal injection, led to the development of a T-cell and antibody response to rhGM-CSF. An antibody response occurred in the majority of patients (72%). This antibody response was not found to be neutralizing. In addition, by 48-hour delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin testing, 17% of patients were shown to have a cellular immune response to the adjuvant rhGM-CSF alone. Thymidine incorporation assays also showed a peripheral blood T-cell response to rhGM-CSF in at least 17% of the patients. The generation of rhGM-CSF-specific T-cell immune responses, elicited in this fashion, is an important observation because rhGM-CSF is being used as a vaccine adjuvant in various vaccine strategies. rhGM-CSF-specific immune responses may be incorrectly interpreted as antigen-specific immunity, particularly when local DTH responses to vaccination are the primary means of immunologic evaluation. We found no evidence of hematologic or infectious complications as a result of the development of rhGM-CSF-specific immune responses.
Massive MIMO for 5G: Overview and the road ahead (2017)

Massive MIMO is the currently most compelling sub-6 GHz wireless access technology for 5G. Since its inception about a decade ago, it has evolved from a wild “academic” idea to one of the most vibrant research topics in the wireless communications community, as well as a main work item in 5G standardization. The concept is to equip base stations with arrays of many antennas that serve many terminals simultaneously, in the same time-frequency resource. The arrays have attractive form factors: in the 2 GHz band, a halfwave-length-spaced rectangular array with 200 dual-polarized elements is about 1.5 × 0.75 meters large. Massive MIMO operates in TDD mode and the downlink beamforming exploits the uplink-downlink reciprocity of radio propagation. Specifically, the base station array uses channel estimates obtained from uplink pilots transmitted by the terminals to learn the channel in both directions. This makes Massive MIMO entirely scalable with respect to the number of base station antennas. Base stations operate autonomously, with no sharing of payload data or channel state information with other cells. In this talk I will discuss the development of Massive MIMO over the last five years, and outline the most important research problems ahead.
Circuit Inspired Modeling Method for Irrigation (2018)

Precision irrigation systems promise to bring significant improvement in resource efficiency and crop yield by providing analytics and smart tools for the growers. While significant amounts of data can be collected in a sensor-rich system, there are no rigorously designed models that can provide actionable intelligence to the user. This paper proposes the integration of circuit-inspired modeling of natural phenomena and man-made artifacts to generate end-to-end irrigation system circuit models. Such models can take advantage of existing circuit design and simulation tools that have been perfected over the past decades to efficiently process large input sets. We show that circuit-inspired models are indeed qualitatively sound and quantitatively accurate in capturing both natural phenomena and engineered physical irrigation systems.
Fragrant Dioxane Derivatives Identify β1-Subunit-containing GABAA Receptors (2010)

Nineteen GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)R) subunits are known in mammals with only a restricted number of functionally identified native combinations. The physiological role of beta1-subunit-containing GABA(A)Rs is unknown. Here we report the discovery of a new structural class of GABA(A)R positive modulators with unique beta1-subunit selectivity: fragrant dioxane derivatives (FDD). At heterologously expressed alpha1betaxgamma2L (x-for 1,2,3) GABA(A)R FDD were 6 times more potent at beta1- versus beta2- and beta3-containing receptors. Serine at position 265 was essential for the high sensitivity of the beta1-subunit to FDD and the beta1N286W mutation nearly abolished modulation; vice versa the mutation beta3N265S shifted FDD sensitivity toward the beta1-type. In posterior hypothalamic neurons controlling wakefulness GABA-mediated whole-cell responses and GABAergic synaptic currents were highly sensitive to FDD, in contrast to beta1-negative cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Immunostaining for the beta1-subunit and the potency of FDD to modulate GABA responses in cultured hypothalamic neurons was drastically diminished by beta1-siRNA treatment. In conclusion, with the help of FDDs we reveal a functional expression of beta1-containing GABA(A)Rs in the hypothalamus, offering a new tool for studies on the functional diversity of native GABA(A)Rs.
Collaborative estimation in dispersive environments: A frequency domain approach (2011)

We investigate the feasibility of reconstructing a signal recorded at multiple sensors through dispersive channels, with minimal prior information regarding the signal and the channels. We first demonstrate the efficacy of a parallelizable frequency domain algorithm which exploits the continuity of the channels across frequency, operating over small, overlapped frequency bins. The algorithm employs SVD-based estimates of the signal over each frequency bin (over which the channels are modeled as quadratic), and then stitches these estimates together based on consistency conditions across adjacent bins. While this algorithm gives excellent signal reconstruction over frequency bands that are one order of magnitude larger than the channel “coherence bandwidth,” fundamental limitations arise for larger frequency bands, in that it is possible to construct multiple explanations consistent with the recorded data.
R-D Optimized Multi-Layer Encoder Control for SVC (2007)

The scalable video coding (SVC) extension of H.264/AVC was recently standardized. The encoder control that is described in the joint scalable video model for SVC specifies a bottom-up process in which first the base layer and then the enhancement layer is encoded. The base layer is encoded conforming to H.264/AVC without considering its impact on enhancement layers, which limits the achievable enhancement layer coding efficiency. The losses relative to single-layer H.264/AVC coding are unevenly distributed between base and enhancement layers. In this paper, we present a multi-layer encoder control for SVC, by which we can trade off coding efficiency for base and enhancement layers and generally improve the efficiency of spatial and fidelity scalable coding.
Preclinical evaluation of 89Zr-labeled human antitransferrin receptor monoclonal antibody as a PET probe using a pancreatic cancer mouse model (2014)

[89Zr]TSP-A01 is a promising PET probe for evaluating the accumulation of anti-TfR antibody in pancreatic cancer and has the potential to facilitate the selection of appropriate patients who would benefit from anti-TfR antibody therapy.
Methods for estimating decoupling capacitance of nonswitching circuit blocks (2006)

Technology scaling and the push for ever increased performance has resulted in the rapid increase of integrated circuit power dissipation. We are already in the era of the 100 Watt IC (Diefendorff, 1999). This necessitates the detailed modeling and analysis of the on-chip power distribution for robustness and reliability (Chen and Ling, 1997). An important component of this model is the decoupling capacitance of the design which includes dedicated decoupling capacitors as well as the capacitance of non-switching circuits. This paper describes a technique for modeling the decoupling capacitance of circuits. An exact simulation-based method is outlined, and fast yet accurate analytical models are proposed
Cathepsin S activation contributes to elevated CX3CL1 (fractalkine) levels in tears of a Sjögren’s syndrome murine model (2020)

Abstract Autoimmune dacryoadenitis and altered lacrimal gland (LG) secretion are features of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). Activity of cathepsin S (CTSS), a cysteine protease, is significantly and specifically increased in SS patient tears. The soluble chemokine, CX3CL1 (fractalkine), is cleaved from membrane-bound CX3CL1 by proteases including CTSS. We show that CX3CL1 is significantly elevated by 2.5-fold in tears (p = 0.0116) and 1.4-fold in LG acinar cells (LGAC)(p = 0.0026) from male NOD mice, a model of autoimmune dacryoadenitis in SS, relative to BALB/c controls. Primary mouse LGAC and human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T cells) exposed to interferon-gamma, a cytokine elevated in SS, showed up to 9.6-fold (p ≤ 0.0001) and 25-fold (p ≤ 0.0001) increases in CX3CL1 gene expression, and 1.9-fold (p = 0.0005) and 196-fold (p ≤ 0.0001) increases in CX3CL1 protein expression, respectively. Moreover, exposure of HCE-T cells to recombinant human CTSS at activity equivalent to that in SS patient tears increased cellular CX3CL1 gene and protein expression by 2.8-fold (p = 0.0021) and 5.1-fold (p ≤ 0.0001), while increasing CX3CL1 in culture medium by 5.8-fold (p ≤ 0.0001). Flow cytometry demonstrated a 4.5-fold increase in CX3CR1-expressing immune cells (p ≤ 0.0001), including increased T-cells and macrophages, in LG from NOD mice relative to BALB/c. CTSS-mediated induction/cleavage of CX3CL1 may contribute to ocular surface and LG inflammation in SS.
On the Security of the Free-XOR Technique. (2011)

Yao’s garbled-circuit approach enables constant-round secure two-party computation for any boolean circuit. In Yao’s original construction, each gate in the circuit requires the parties to perform a constant number of encryptions/decryptions, and to send/receive a constant number of ciphertexts. Kolesnikov and Schneider (ICALP 2008) proposed an improvement that allows XOR gates in the circuit to be evaluated “for free”, i.e., incurring no cryptographic operations and zero communication. Their “free-XOR ” technique has proven very popular, and has been shown to improve performance of garbled-circuit protocols by up to a factor of 4. Kolesnikov and Schneider proved security of their approach in the random oracle model, and claimed that (an unspecified variant of) correlation robustness would suffice; this claim has been repeated in subsequent work, and similar ideas have since been used (with the same claim about correlation robustness) in other contexts. We show that, in fact, the free-XOR technique cannot be proven secure based on correlation robustness alone: somewhat surprisingly, some form of circular security is also required. We propose an appropriate notion of security for hash functions capturing the necessary requirements, and prove security of the free-XOR approach when instantiated with any hash function satisfying our definition. Our results do not impact the security of the free-XOR technique in practice, or imply an error in the free-XOR work, but instead pin down the assumptions needed to prove security.
Syntheses of copper(i)cis-1,3,5-tri-iminocyclohexane complexes (2006)

Copper(I) complexes of the ligand cis-1,3,5-tris(cinnamylideneamino)cyclohexane (L) have been prepared from a versatile precursor complex, [Cu(I)(L)NCMe]BF4, which incorporates a labile acetonitrile ligand that can be exchanged to give a range of new Cu(L)X complexes (where X = Cl, Br, NO2, SPh). 1H NMR spectra and X-ray structures of the Cl, Br and NO2 complexes show L coordinated in a symmetric fashion about the copper centre. The complexes have been further characterised using UV/Visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. CuLCl shows an electrochemically reversible Cu(I/II) redox couple at 0.51 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) while the CuLNO2 complex shows an analogous quasi-reversible wave at 0.41 V (vs. Ag/AgCl).
Cover Picture: TiO2 Nanoparticle–Photopolymer Composites for Volume Holographic Recording (Adv. Funct. Mater. 10/2005) (2005)

Abstract TiO2 nanoparticle–photopolymer composites have been employed for volume holographic recording, as reported by Sánchez and co‐workers on p. 1623. Photoinduced segregation of the high refractive index, grafted nanoparticles between polymer‐rich areas leads to improved refractive‐index modulation amplitudes with respect to the base material without nanoparticles. The cover schematically shows a holographic grating registered in this nanocomposite material. These nanocomposite materials should enable the production of holographic optical elements to efficiently control light with angle and wavelength selectivity. This could be used, for example, in liquid‐crystal display technology. A new and efficient photopolymer for the recording of volume holograms is presented. The material comprises a mixture of UV‐sensitive acrylates and grafted titanium dioxide nanoparticles with an average size of 4 nm. We report the formation of holographic gratings with refractive‐index modulation amplitudes of up to 15.5 × 10 –3 —an improvement of more than a factor of four over the base material without nanoparticles—while maintaining a low level of scattering and a high transparency in the visible‐wavelength range. The influence of the composition of the acrylate system on the final properties of the holographic material is also investigated and discussed. The presence of multifunctional monomers favors the compositional segregation of the different components, while the addition of monofunctional acrylate, highly compatible with the grafting of the nanoparticles, favors the dilution of these nanoparticles.
Impact of lamination processing methods on performance of permanent magnet synchronous motors (2014)

This paper talks about the influence of lamination manufacturing methods on the permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor performance. A 750W 10 pole fractional slot PM motor is designed. Three different PM motor prototypes are built with three different lamination processing methods: Punch, wire-cut and laser-cut stator laminations. Using the same rotor, PM motor performances are tested and compared with designed motor data. It is seen that the motor with wire-cut laminations provides results close to the designed data compared to other approaches.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatic cell lines as a new model for host interaction with hepatitis B virus (2016)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is not eradicated by current antiviral therapies due to persistence of HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in host cells, and thus development of novel culture models for productive HBV infection is urgently needed, which will allow the study of HBV cccDNA eradication. To meet this need, we developed culture models of HBV infection using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte lineages, including immature proliferating hepatic progenitor-like cell lines (iPS-HPCs) and differentiated hepatocyte-like cells (iPS-Heps). These cells were susceptible to HBV infection, produced HBV particles, and maintained innate immune responses. The infection efficiency of HBV in iPS-HPCs predominantly depended on the expression levels of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), and was low relative to iPS-Heps: however, long-term culture of iPS-Heps was difficult. To provide a model for HBV persistence, iPS-HPCs overexpressing NTCP were established. The long-term persistence of HBV cccDNA was detected in iPS-HPCs overexpressing NTCP, and depended on the inhibition of the Janus-kinase signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that iPS-derived hepatic cell lines can be utilized for novel HBV culture models with genetic variation to investigate the interactions between HBV and host cells and the development of anti-HBV strategies.
Space charge limited carrier transport in organic conducting materials (2000)

In many experiments a finite (i.e. not infinite) carrier density and a finite (i.e. not zero) electric field exist at the injecting contact in a polymer sample. The injected carrier profile, electric field distribution and I-V characteristics are calculated for arbitrary values of the electric field and corresponding carrier density at the contact. The validity of the square law (current varying as the square of the applied voltage) is examined. The effect of diffusion on the I-V characteristics is calculated for the first time.