gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Quantitative Theory of Bottleneck Structures for Data Networks (2022)

The conventional view of the congestion control problem in data networks is based on the principle that a flow's performance is uniquely determined by the state of its bottleneck link, regardless of the topological properties of the network. However, recent work has shown that the behavior of congestion-controlled networks is better explained by models that account for the interactions between bottleneck links. These interactions are captured by a latent \textit{bottleneck structure}, a model describing the complex ripple effects that changes in one part of the network exert on the other parts. In this paper, we present a \textit{quantitative} theory of bottleneck structures (QTBS), a mathematical and engineering framework comprising a family of polynomial-time algorithms that can be used to reason about a wide variety of network optimization problems, including routing, capacity planning and flow control. QTBS can contribute to traffic engineering by making clear predictions about the relative performance of alternative flow routes, and by providing numerical recommendations for the optimal rate settings of traffic shapers. A particularly novel result in the domain of capacity planning indicates that previously established rules for the design of folded-Clos networks are suboptimal when flows are congestion controlled. We show that QTBS can be used to derive the optimal rules for this important class of topologies, and empirically demonstrate the correctness and efficacy of these results using the BBR and Cubic congestion-control algorithms.
1.71 Tb/s Single-Channel and 56.51 Tb/s DWDM Transmission Over 96.5 km Field-Deployed SSMF (2022)

We report an industry leading optical dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) field trial with line rates per channel <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ge 1.66$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Tb/s using 130 GBaud dual-polarization probabilistic constellation shaping 256-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-PCS256QAM) in a high capacity data center interconnect (DCI) scenario. This research trial was performed on 96.5 km of field-deployed standard single mode G.652 fiber infrastructure of Deutsche Telekom in Germany employing Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)-only amplification. A total of 34 channels were transmitted with 150 GHz spacing for a total fiber capacity of 56.51 Tb/s and a spectral efficiency higher than 11bit/s/Hz. In the single-channel transmission scenario 1.71 Tb/s was achieved over the same link. In addition, we successfully demonstrate record net bitrates of 1.88 Tb/s in back-to-back (B2B) using 130 GBaud DP-PCS400QAM.
Simulation of Vortex Heat Transfer Enhancement in the Turbulent Water Flow in the Narrow Plane-Parallel Channel with an Inclined Oval-trench Dimple of Fixed Depth and Spot Area (2019)

This article is devoted to the development of the multiblock technique for numerical simulation of vortex heat transfer enhancement (VHTE) by inclined oval-trench dimples. Special attention is paid both to the analysis of numerical predictions of different-type boundary conditions at the wall: T = const and q = const and to the comparison of the standard and modified shear stress transport models. The article discusses the mechanism of change in the flow structure and secondary flow augmentation due to an increase in a relative length of an oval-trench dimple (at its fixed spot area, depth and orientation) where a long spiral vortex is formed.
Molecular characterization of Glaesserella parasuis strains isolated from North America, Europe and Asia by serotyping PCR and LS-PCR (2021)

Glaesserella parasuis strains were characterized by serotyping PCR, vtaA virulence marker Leader Sequence (LS)-PCR, clinical significance, and geographic region. Overall, the serovars 4, 5/12, 7, 1, and 13 were the most commonly detected. Serovars of greatest clinical relevance were systemic isolates that had a higher probability of being serovar 5/12, 13, or 7. In comparison, pulmonary isolates had a higher likelihood of being serovars 2, 4, 7, or 14. Serovars 5/12 and 13 have previously been considered disease-associated, but this study agrees with other recent studies showing that serovar 7 is indeed associated with systemic G. parasuis disease. Serovar 4 strains illustrated how isolates can have varying degrees of virulence and be obtained from pulmonary, systemic, or nasal sites. Serovars 8, 9, 15, and 10 were predominantly obtained from nasal samples, which indicates a limited clinical significance of these serovars. Additionally, most internal G. parasuis isolates were classified as virulent by LS-PCR and were disease-associated isolates, including serovars 1, 2, 4, 5/12, 7, 13, and 14. Isolates from the nasal cavity, including serovars 6, 9, 10, 11, and 15, were classified as non-virulent by LS-PCR. In conclusion, the distribution of G. parasuis serovars remains constant, with few serovars representing most of the strains isolated from affected pigs. Moreover, it was confirmed that the LS-PCR can be used for G. parasuis virulence prediction of field strains worldwide.
Role of Type 1 Versus Type 2 Immune Responses in Liver During the Onset of Chronic Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Infection (2003)

Immune response messenger RNAs (mRNA) were compared in liver during self-limited (resolved) and chronic neonatal woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection. At week 14 postinfection (mid-acute phase), mRNAs for leukocyte markers (CD3, CD4, CD8), type 1 cytokines and related transcription factors (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, STAT4, T-bet), and IL-10 were increased in livers from resolving infections, but mRNAs of other type 1 (IL-2) and type 2 (IL-4, STAT6, and GATA3 markers remained at baseline levels. Increased coexpression of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha mRNAs correlated in most cases with lower levels of intrahepatic WHV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). At the same time point postinfection, livers from woodchucks that eventually progressed to chronic infection had baseline or slightly elevated levels of CD and type 1 mRNAs, which were significantly lower (or elevated less frequently) compared with resolving woodchucks. Earlier, at week 8, there were no differences between the two outcome settings. During these early time points and at a later stage in chronic infection (15 months), type 2 mRNAs in carrier liver remained at baseline levels or, when elevated, were never in excess of those in resolving woodchucks. In conclusion, the onset and maintenance of neonatal chronic WHV infection are not associated with antagonistic type 2 immunoregulation of type 1 responses in liver. Accordingly, chronicity develops in association with a primary deficiency in the intrahepatic CD responses, especially involving CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and in both extracellular (cytokine) and intracellular (transcriptional) type 1 response mediators. This has relevant implications for future treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in humans.
Comparison of combination therapy of adenosine and nitroprusside with adenosine alone in the treatment of angiographic no‐reflow phenomenon (2004)

We sought to compare the combination therapy of adenosine and nitroprusside in no-reflow phenomenon during percutaneous coronary intervention. Improvement in coronary flow from no-reflow to postdrug state was evaluated. Patients who received adenosine (n = 21) were compared to ones who received the combination of adenosine and nitroprusside (n = 20) for treatment. Improvement of TIMI flow grades was higher in the group that received combined therapy (1.5 +/- 1.0 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.6; P < 0.05). Combination therapy of adenosine and nitroprusside is safe and provides better improvement in coronary flow compared to intracoronary adenosine alone in case of impaired flow during coronary interventions.
Introducing Electrochemical Engineering to Future Generations (2010)

In this article, different examples of a demonstration of an electrochemical technology that covers different aspects that can be used in the engineering curriculum or as an informal science and engineering program are discussed. The examples shown here can be adapted for other courses and/or outreach programs.
Capacity planning with phased workloads (1998)

Article Capacity planning with phased workloads Share on Authors: E. Borowsky Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Hewlett-Packard LaboratoriesView Profile , R. Golding Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Hewlett-Packard LaboratoriesView Profile , P. Jacobson Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Hewlett-Packard LaboratoriesView Profile , A. Merchant Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Hewlett-Packard LaboratoriesView Profile , L. Schreier Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Hewlett-Packard LaboratoriesView Profile , M. Spasojevic Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Hewlett-Packard LaboratoriesView Profile , J. Wilkes Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Hewlett-Packard LaboratoriesView Profile Authors Info & Claims WOSP '98: Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Software and performanceOctober 1998 Pages 199–207https://doi.org/10.1145/287318.287363Online:01 October 1998Publication History 19citation368DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations19Total Downloads368Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
New approaches to block filtering of images using symmetric convolution and the DST or DCT (2002)

New approaches to block filtering of images are presented based on the recently introduced operation of symmetric convolution. Symmetric convolution is a formalized approach to convolving symmetric finite impulse response (FIR) filters with symmetrically extended data. It is efficient because the discrete sine and cosine transforms (DST & DCT) can be used to perform the convolution as a transform-domain multiplication. With proper zero-padding of the input data, symmetric convolution gives the same result as linear convolution. As a consequence, it is now possible to use the overlap-add and overlap-save techniques with DSTs and DCTs in order to efficiently filter large images. An alternative method to conventional block filtering is proposed, whereby the blocks need not be overlapped. This approach is extended for those applications where reduced complexity is needed and the approximation to conventional linear filtering is adequate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Emergence of Multicolor Photoluminescence in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Nanoparticles (2012)

Herein, we report the emergence of multicolor photoluminescence in a mixed-valence manganite nanoparticle La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO NP) achieved through electronic structural modification of the nanoparticles upon functionalization with a biocompatible organic ligand, sodium tartrate. From UV–vis absorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-resolved photoluminescence study, and Raman spectroscopic measurements, it is revealed that ligand-to-metal charge transfer transitions from highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO, centered in tartrate ligand) to lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO, centered in Mn3+/4+ of the NPs), and d–d transitions involving Jahn–Teller sensitive Mn3+ ions in the NPs plays the central role behind the origin of multiple photoluminescence from the ligand functionalized LSMO NPs.
Basic study on photochemical effect of hematoporphyrin irradiated by a Nd: YAG Laser. I. (1985)

Hematoporphyrin studies including absorption and fluorescence measurements were performed using hematoporphyrin dihydrochloride (Hp. 2HCl) dissolved in ethanol and PBS solutions. Q-switched Nd: YAG laser original and its second harmonic beam were employed for their excitation. Thus the visible fluorescence generated by Nd: YAG laser irradiation was attributed to the two-photon absorption process in these solutions, although its intensity was about 10-4 weaker than the case of second harmonic excitation. Survival rate of TE-2 cultured esophagus cancer cell uptaken Hp. 2HCl exhibited a linear decrease with the Nd: YAG laser irradiation time, and this photochemical effect was formed to be more appreciable for higher dye concentration.
In vivo studies validating multitargeting of prostanoid receptors for achieving superior anti‐inflammatory effects (2016)

The purpose of these studies was to test the hypothesis that a selected polypharmacological approach for treating the prostanoid-mediated component of inflammatory diseases would produce a therapeutic effect superior to global inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis by aspirin-like drugs. The compound studied was AGN 211377, which had been previously shown to produce a superior effect on cytokine release from human macrophages compared with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. AGN 211377 antagonizes prostanoid prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> (DP)<sub>1</sub>, DP<sub>2</sub>, prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (EP)<sub>1</sub>, EP<sub>4</sub>, prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub>, and thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> receptors but not anti-inflammatory EP<sub>2</sub>, prostaglandin I<sub>2</sub>, or EP<sub>3</sub> receptors. Established rodent models of ocular inflammatory diseases were used to determine therapeutic effects in living animals. The drugs were administered systemically after predetermination of their blood levels to ensure bioavailability at an appropriate dose level. Whereas compounds selective for a single prostanoid receptor typically exhibited modest but statistically significant inhibition, AGN 211377 profoundly inhibited S-antigen-induced uveitis and laser-induced retinal neovascularization. Consistent with previous polypharmacological studies on chemokine/cytokine release from human macrophages, the prostanoid EP<sub>1</sub> receptor played a permissive role in suppressing neovascularization and inflammation in vivo Comparing AGN 211377 with a close structural congener lacking EP<sub>1</sub> antagonism (AGN 197727), AGN 197727 was much less active than AGN 211377, but pronounced anti-inflammatory and angiostatic effects were achieved by adding the EP<sub>1</sub> antagonist compound (SC-51322) to AGN 197727 in the systemic dosing regimen. Further, AGN 211377 produced superior anti-inflammatory activity compared with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent ketorolac. These results indicate the value of using a polypharmacological approach in the design of novel therapeutic agents in preference to compounds targeting a single receptor or enzyme. A compound such as AGN 211377 may represent more effective therapy than COX inhibitors in treating uveitis and ocular diseases where neovascularization is a significant part of the pathology.-Woodward, D. F., Wang, J. W., Ni, M., Bauer, A., Martos, J. L., Carling, R. W., Poloso, N. J. In vivo studies validating multitargeting of prostanoid receptors for achieving superior anti-inflammatory effects.
Patient-reported long-term quality of life after tisagenlecleucel in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2020)

The JULIET phase 2 trial evaluated a single infusion of tisagenlecleucel in adult patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The objective of the current analysis was to evaluate patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with a median follow-up of 19.3 months among patients infused with a single dose of tisagenlecleucel. Patients enrolled were ≥18 years of age with r/r DLBCL after ≥2 lines of therapy and had either undergone a failed autologous stem cell transplant or were ineligible for the procedure. Two validated HRQoL instruments, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lymphoma (FACT-Lym) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey, were used to measure HRQoL at baseline and months 3, 6, 12, and 18. At data cutoff (21 May 2018), 115 patients had received tisagenlecleucel infusion. Among the 99 patients evaluated, overall response rate was 54%, and 40% of patients achieved complete response (CR). Initially, 108 patients completed the HRQoL assessments at baseline, including 57 patients who eventually achieved CR or partial response (PR). Further, 30 and 21 patients in clinical response who completed assessments at baseline also completed assessments at months 12 and 18, respectively. Patients who achieved CR or PR sustained HRQoL improvement in all FACT scores at all time points. SF-36 instruments showed improvement above the minimal clinically important differences on 5 of 8 subscales. Long-term follow-up in the phase 2 JULIET study demonstrated that patients with r/r DLBCL who respond to tisagenlecleucel therapy had sustained, clinically meaningful improvements in HRQoL. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02445248.
Demonstration of Silicon-on-insulator mid-infrared spectrometers operating at 38μm (2013)

The design and characterization of silicon-on-insulator mid-infrared spectrometers operating at 3.8 μm is reported. The devices are fabricated on 200 mm SOI wafers in a CMOS pilot line. Both arrayed waveguide grating structures and planar concave grating structures were designed and tested. Low insertion loss (1.5-2.5 dB) and good crosstalk characteristics (15-20 dB) are demonstrated, together with waveguide propagation losses in the range of 3 to 6 dB/cm.
Golgi-associated cPLA2α Regulates Endothelial Cell–Cell Junction Integrity by Controlling the Trafficking of Transmembrane Junction Proteins (2009)

In endothelial cells specifically, cPLA2alpha translocates from the cytoplasm to the Golgi complex in response to cell confluence. Considering the link between confluence and cell-cell junction formation, and the emerging role of cPLA2alpha in intracellular trafficking, we tested whether Golgi-associated cPLA2alpha is involved in the trafficking of junction proteins. Here, we show that the redistribution of cPLA2alpha from the cytoplasm to the Golgi correlates with adherens junction maturation and occurs before tight junction formation. Disruption of adherens junctions using a blocking anti-VE-cadherin antibody reverses the association of cPLA2alpha with the Golgi. Silencing of cPLA2alpha and inhibition of cPLA2alpha enzymatic activity using various inhibitors result in the diminished presence of the transmembrane junction proteins VE-cadherin, occludin, and claudin-5 at cell-cell contacts, and in their accumulation at the Golgi. Altogether, our data support the idea that VE-cadherin triggers the relocation of cPLA2alpha to the Golgi and that in turn, Golgi-associated cPLA2alpha regulates the transport of transmembrane junction proteins through or from the Golgi, thereby controlling the integrity of endothelial cell-cell junctions.
Free Radicals from Polycrystalline Pyrimidines and Purines upon Heavy Ion Bombardment at Low Temperatures: An Electron Spin Resonance Study (1993)

The formation of free radicals in polycrystalline samples of the DNA constituents thymine, cytosine, and adenosine after bombardment with heavy ions at about 100 K was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Spectra were observed at 77 K after irradiation at 100 K, upon annealing to 300 K and after storage at 300 K. Individual radical patterns were isolated from the spectra by computer manipulation and assigned to structures by powder-simulations based on literature data. The spectra of thymine contain an allyl radical, the octet pattern of the 5-thymyl radical and contributions of the 6-yl radical formed by net hydrogen gain at carbon C5. The latter species is also present in cytosine which in addition displays the pattern due to H-addition at the carboxyl oxygen C2. Adenosine exhibits two H-addition radicals, one at C2, the other at C8. Additionally, the spectra of all DNA subunits studied contain as a radical component a Gaussian singlet of about 0.9 mT line width. The spectra obtained at low temperature already contain the secondary radicals but exhibit a large linewidth. This feature is attributed to dipolar coupling caused by radicals in close proximity.
Nonlinear Mid-IR Photonics using Silicon Nanophotonic Wires (2014)

Photonic research on silicon platforms has attracted much attention over the past several decades because this silicon CMOS photonics is speculated to be an important future foundation for a unified photonic platform. Such a foundation could in principle enable production of most telecommunication components at a low-cost, highly-compact and mass-production-ready fashion [1]. However, the capability of silicon photonic platform has never been limited to, the area of telecommunication. This interest has spurred research into novel application areas based on the components produced using the same CMOS photonics technology, including mid-infrared silicon photonics [2-9], silicon bio-photonics [10-13], and other applications [14-15]. Here we discuss our recent development using silicon nanophotonic wires as nonlinear media to explore various nonlinear applications. Silicon’s lowest-order nonlinearity is the third-order nonlinearity or Kerr effect [16]. Considering the high refractive index contrast on the silicon platform, the effective nonlinear parameter for a silicon nanophotonic wire is five orders of magnitude larger than that of an optical fiber (100 W -1 m -1 vs. 1 W -1 km
Effect of diquafosol ophthalmic solution on the optical quality of the eyes in patients with aqueous‐deficient dry eye (2014)

Although no significant change in HOAs was observed as a short-term effect of a single-drop instillation of diquafosol, long-term use of diquafosol to treat aqueous-deficient dry eye reduced HOAs as well as improved corneal epithelial damage and tear film stability.
Biogas Production and Microbial Communities of Mesophilic and Thermophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Animal Manures and Food Wastes in Costa Rica (2022)

Biomass generated from agricultural operations in Costa Rica represents an untapped renewable resource for bioenergy generation. This study investigated the effects of two temperatures and three mixture ratios of manures and food wastes on biogas production and microbial community structure. Increasing the amount of fruit and restaurant wastes in the feed mixture significantly enhanced the productivity of the systems (16% increase in the mesophilic systems and 41% in the thermophilic). The methane content of biogas was also favored at higher temperatures. Beta diversity analysis, based on high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, showed that microbial communities of the thermophilic digestions were more similar to each other than the mesophilic digestions. Species richness of the thermophilic digestions was significantly greater than the corresponding mesophilic digestions (F = 40.08, p = 0.003). The mesophilic digesters were dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes while in thermophilic digesters, the phyla Firmicutes and Chloroflexi accounted for up to 90% of all sequences. Methanosarcina represented the key methanogen and was more abundant in thermophilic digestions. These results demonstrate that increasing digestion temperature and adding food wastes can alleviate the negative impact of low C:N ratios on anaerobic digestion.