gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contrastive self-supervised learning from 100 million medical images with optional supervision (2022)

The proposed approach enables large gains in accuracy and robustness on challenging image assessment problems. The improvement is significant compared with other state-of-the-art approaches trained on medical or vision images (e.g., ImageNet).
TiO2/ZnO Nanocomposite Material for Efficient Degradation of Methylene Blue (2021)

In this research work, we have produced a composite material consisting titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures via precipitation method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study has shown the mixture of nanostructures consisting nanorods and nano flower. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) study has confirmed the presence of Ti, Zn and O as main elements in the composite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study has revealed that the successful presence of TiO₂ and ZnO in the composite. The composite material exhibits small optical energy band gap which led to reduction of the charge recombination rate of electron-hole pairs. The band gap for the composite TiO₂/ZnO samples namely 1, 2, 3 and 4 is 3.18, 3.00, 2.97 and 2.83 eV respectively. Small optical bandgap gives less relaxation time for the recombination of electron and hole pairs, thus favorable photodegradation is found. The degradation efficiency for the TiO₂/ZnO samples for methylene blue in order of 55.03%, 75.7%, 85.14% and 90.08% is found for the samples 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The proposed study of titanium dioxide addition into ZnO is facile and inexpensive for the development of efficient photocatalysts. This can be capitalized at large scale for the energy and.
Influence of thermal annealing on optical and electrical properties of ZnO films prepared by electron beam evaporation (2003)

We have investigated the influence of post-deposition annealing on the optical and electrical properties of c-axis oriented zinc oxide films prepared on sapphire substrates by electron beam evaporation. The ZnO films as-deposited and annealed in air were colourless and transparent in visible range and had sharp ultraviolet absorption edges. It is found that the optical bandgap energy of the films lies in the range of ∼3.27 to ∼3.30 eV depending on the annealing regime. From the analysis of the Urbach tail at the absorption edge, the width of the tail of localized states extending into the bandgap was obtained and a value of 44 meV can be achieved by annealing in air.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Luminescence from Zeolites. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Genomic neighborhoods for Arabidopsisretrotransposons: a role for targeted integration in the distribution of the Metaviridae (2004)

The non-uniform genomic distribution of the Pseudoviridae and the Metaviridae can be explained by a variety of factors including target-site bias, selection against integration into euchromatin and pericentromeric accumulation of elements as a result of suppression of recombination. However, comparisons based on the age of elements and their chromosomal location indicate that integration-site specificity is likely to be the primary factor determining distribution of the Athila and Tat sublineages of the Metaviridae. We predict that, like retroelements in yeast, the Athila and Tat elements target integration to pericentromeric regions by recognizing a specific feature of pericentromeric heterochromatin.
Ce concentration dependence of optical and scintillation properties on Ce-doped La 2 Si 2 O 7 crystal (2021)

Abstract A lanthanum pyrosilicate (La 2 Si 2 O 7 , LaPS) single crystal is successfully grown with a Ce-doped concentration of 0.5 to 20.0% as well as undoped LaPS for reference. The photoluminescence emission map of Ce-doped LaPS has broad emission at 360–410 nm from Ce 3+ 5d-4f transition, with a decay time of 20–24 ns. In the scintillation properties, Ce-doped LaPS presents the scintillation peak at 390 nm under X-ray excitation, with the decay time constant at 26–31 ns plus another decay constant caused by the emission from host material at 250–600 ns. The afterglow level at 20 ms after X-ray irradiation is around 30–56 ppm. In the 662 keV γ -ray pulse height spectra, 1.0% Ce-doped LaPS shows a clear photoabsorption peak, with a scintillation light yield of 5400 ph MeV −1 . The relationship between γ -ray energy and the photoabsorption peak channel (linearity) is also covered in this study.
Highly Reflective p-Contacts Made of Pd-Al on Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes (2017)

Highly reflective metal contacts for the p-layers of AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes (DUV LEDs) emitting at 305 nm have been investigated. Different Pd-Al metal stacks have been examined and a reflectivity of 82% was obtained after annealing, which is about two times the value measured for conventional Pd contacts. The high reflectivity is attributed to the formation of an Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> Pd phase besides an Al phase in the annealed contact. DUV LEDs with highly-reflective Pd-Al contacts exhibited an increase of the light output power by 30% at a dc current of 20 mA.
9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Decreases Alpha/Beta Interferon Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in the B6C3F1 Mouse (1986)

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) on polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I):poly(C)]-induced, and on herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-induced, alpha/beta interferon in the B6C3F1 mouse. Animals were administered delta 9-THC, or the diluent, intraperitoneally for 4 consecutive days or at various time intervals prior to administration of the interferon inducer. Poly(I):poly(C) or HSV-2 was injected intravenously on Day 4. Animals receiving poly(I):poly(C) and treated with delta 9-THC at doses ranging from 5 to 100 mg/kg exhibited significantly lower titers of interferon than mice given poly(I):poly(C) and the diluent. Diminished interferon titers occurred in HSV-2-infected animals treated with delta 9-THC in doses exceeding 15 mg/kg when compared to virus-infected animals given the diluent. This suppression of early interferon persisted through 24 hr.
The effect of running shoe midsole hardness on foot biomechanics (2019)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether placing harder midsole materials on the medial and posterior side of the outsole in a running shoe can change biomechanics variables during the stance phase of running. Ten healthy young recreational male runners (age: 20.5±0.7 yrs, mass: 73.1±3.8 kg, height: 176.8±2.9 cm) participated in this study. A shoe company (FILA, Korea) produced the same shoe with four different types of midsole density. Each subject wore the four different running shoes in randomized order while running on an instrumented treadmill at two speeds (3.5 m/sec and 4.5 m/sec). The positions of the markers and the ground reaction forces were recorded using a system of eight high speed motion capture cameras and force plates at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz and 1000 Hz, respectively. The variables of this study were the running parameters, ground reaction forces, and joint angles. This study was intended to investigate whether medially posted midsole materials in a running shoe effectively reduce foot pronation and other running biomechanics variables. However, there was no modified shoe effect on most running kinematics and kinetics except the impact loading rate. It is concluded that other features of shoe manufacturing in terms of structures and materials should be considered to understand the function of anti-pronation in a running shoe.
Posters * Embryology (Embryo Selection) (2010)

This FREE journal suppl. entitled: Abstracts of the 26th Annual Meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, Rome, Italy, 27-30 June 2010
Reduction of IPs energy consumption with ultra-low voltage supply (2014)

Summary form only given. In the near future, a number of systems will be powered using energy constrained devices or scavenging technologies, enabling new applications such as medical monitoring, sensors and next-generation portable video gadgets. This will require the electronic circuits to operate with utmost energy efficiency while performing the required functionality. A major opportunity to reduce the energy consumption of digital circuits is to scale supply voltages below 0.4V driving them to sub- (or near-) threshold operation. This workshop presents the expected energy gain and challenges in the ultra-low-voltage (ULV) regime. Our recent ULV achievements will be then described in relation to specific standard cell libraries, adapted CAD margins and Sign-off and ULV digital demonstrators operating down to 0.3V. Last, the enhanced ULV performances offered by the FDSOI28 technology will be highlighted, in relation to an improved ION/IOFF ratio and sub-threshold slope, with promising Silicon results showcased near 0.35V.
Involvement of the direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition in tolerance induction (2001)

It is generally accepted that there are two pathways of allorecognition, direct and indirect, that together contribute to allograft rejection. Although it has been suggested that the direct pathway predominates during early acute rejection and that the indirect pathway provides a continuous supply of alloantigen responsible for chronic rejection, the true relative contribution of each pathway to the overall rejection process is still not entirely known. It is clear, however, that any strategies designed to achieve the ultimate goal in transplantation, the induction of tolerance, will need to take into account both pathways. This review seeks to explore the involvement of the direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition on a mechanistic level as it relates to the induction of tolerance. A brief historical perspective is included for each pathway as well as a comprehensive review of the mechanisms felt to be active during tolerance induction.
CT-PRO-VASOPRESSIN (COPEPTIN) AS A PREDICTOR OF OUTCOME IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS. (2006)

Meyer, Brigitte; Wexberg, Paul; Berger, Rudolf; Moertl, Deddo; Heinz, Gottfried; Pacher, Richard; Huelsmann, Martin; Morgenthaler, Nils; Struck, Joachim; Bergmann, Andreas Author Information
The Study of the Electrothermal Property of High-Voltage Drain-Extended MOSFETs (2012)

In this paper, the relation between the surface electric field and the temperature distribution dependence on the drift-region doping concentration in a 30-V asymmetric drain-extended MOSFET is studied. For the case of high drift-region concentration, the drain resistance is low, and the current density is high, which induces a high nonuniform temperature distribution in the transistor, which in turn reduces the carrier mobility and causes a negative drain resistance. For the case of low drift-region concentration, a uniform temperature distribution is obtained. However, the different drift-region concentration changes the location of the maximum temperature from the gate-overlapped drift region for the high concentration case to the drain-side contact region for the low concentration case under the high <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> conditions. Therefore, the self-heating effect is also changed by the redistribution of the electric field in the drift region.
Is S Phase Important for Transcriptional Silencing? (2001)

Because the silencing of chromatin is dependent on passage of cells through S phase, it has always been assumed that DNA replication is a prerequisite for transcriptional silencing. Now, as [Smith and Boeke][1] explain in their Perspective, new work in yeast ([ Li et al. ][2], [Kirchmaier and Rine][3]) demonstrates that DNA replication is not required for establishing silencing of chromatin in yeast, although it may be crucial for maintenance or heritability of the silent state.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/291/5504/608
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/291/5504/650
 [3]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/291/5504/646
High‐temperature catalysts for the production of α‐olefins based on iron(II) and iron(III) tridentate bis(imino)pyridine complexes modified by nitrilo group (2007)

Abstract Series of Fe(II) and Fe(III) tridentate bis(imino)pyridine complexes without nitrilo groups 2–6 and with nitrilo groups 7–13 were synthesized. According to X‐ray analysis, the introduction of nitrilo groups in para ‐ and ortho ‐positions tends to result in shorter axial FeN bonds. Both types of complexes, 2–6 and 9–13 , afforded very productive catalysts for the production of α‐olefins with higher K values and better linearity of Schultz–Flory distribution α‐olefins than the parent methyl substituted Fe(II) complex 1 . Noticeably, the complexes functionalized with a para ‐nitrilo group 9–13 tend to make α‐olefins with higher K values of the Schultz–Flory distribution, more ideal distributions, and less of the heavier insoluble fractions of α‐olefins than corresponding nonsymmetrically substituted complexes without para ‐nitrilo groups 2–6 . Statistically significant correlations were obtained between % solids of total α‐olefins and the blocked solid angle fraction in the + z hemisphere ( $ R_{{\rm adj}}^2 $ = 51.3%, p = 0.012) and between catalyst productivity and total blocked solid angle fraction ( $ R_{{\rm adj}}^2 $ = 43.5%, p = 0.023). The modest values of $ R_{{\rm adj}}^2 $ show that, while steric effects are significant, they are not the sole factor determining catalyst performance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 585–611, 2008
Electric Field Assisted Photodegradation of Spatially Confined Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (1997)

The effect of electric fields on the fluorescence decay of block-copolymers containing poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) and polynorbornene (polyNBE) was measured. Electric fields of up to 200 V/μm do not perturb the fluorescence decay profiles when the average size of the PPV block is small (i.e., PPV3-block-polyNBE200 or PPV3-block-polyNBE25). It appears that for short isolated PPV segments the electric field accessible for these studies does not allow dissociation of photogenerated excitons into electron-hole pairs. For larger PPV segments, as in PPV20-block-polyNBE200, the electric field reduces considerably the fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield. In addition, irradiating the sample under an electric field changes permanently its fluorescence characteristics. Control experiments show that neither irradiation nor the field alone can degrade the polymer.
Sequencing a Bispecific Antibody by Controlling Chain Concentration Effects When Using an Immobilized Nonspecific Protease (2020)

Complete sequence coverage of monospecific antibodies was previously achieved using immobilized aspergillopepsin I in a single LC-MS/MS analysis. Bispecific antibodies are asymmetrical compared to their monospecific antibody counterparts, resulting in a decrease in the concentration of individual subunits. Four standard proteins were used to characterize the effect of a decrease in concentration when using this immobilized enzyme reactor. Low concentration samples resulted in the elimination of large peptide products due to a greater number of enzymatic cleavages. A competitive inhibitor rich in arginine residues reduced the number of enzymatic cleavages to the protein and retained large molecular weight products. The digestion of a bispecific antibody with competitive inhibition of aspergillopepsin I maintained large peptide products better suited for sequence reconstruction, resulting in complete sequence coverage from a single LC-MS/MS analysis.
Array Synthesis of Progesterone Receptor Antagonists: 3‐Aryl‐1,2‐diazepines. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nanomachines and Other Caps on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery (2019)

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are delivery vehicles that can carry cargo molecules and release them on command. The particles used in the applications reported in this Account are around 100 nm in diameter (about the size of a virus) and contain 2.5 nm tubular pores with a total volume of about 1 cm<sup>3</sup>/g. For the biomedical applications discussed here, the cargo is trapped in the pores until the particles are stimulated to release it. The challenges are to get the particles to the site of a disease and then to deliver the cargo on command. We describe methods to do both, and we illustrate the applicability of the particles to cure cancer and intracellular infectious disease. Our first steps were to design multifunctional nanoparticles with properties that allow them to carry and deliver hydrophobic drugs. Many important pharmaceuticals are hydrophobic and cannot reach the diseased sites by themselves. We describe how we modified MSNs to make them dispersible, imagable, and targetable and discuss in vitro studies. We then present examples of surface modifications that allow them to deliver large molecules such as siRNA. In vivo studies of siRNA delivery to treat triple-negative breast and ovarian cancers are presented. The next steps are to attach nanomachines and other types of caps that trap drug molecules but release them when stimulated. We describe nanomachines that respond autonomously (without human intervention) to stimuli specific to disease sites. A versatile type of machine is a nanovalve that is closed at neutral (blood) pH but opens upon acidification that occurs in endolysosomes of cancer cells. Another type of machine, a snap-top cap, is stimulated by reducing agents such as glutathione in the cytosol of cells. Both of these platforms were studied in vitro to deliver antibiotics to infected macrophages and in vivo to cure and kill the intracellular bacteria M. tuberculosis and F. tularensis. The latter is a tier 1 select agent of bioterrorism. Finally, we describe nanomachines for drug delivery that are controlled by externally administered light and magnetic fields. A futuristic dream for nanotherapy is the ability to control a nano-object everywhere in the body. Magnetic fields penetrate completely and have spatial selectivity governed by the size of the field-producing coil. We describe how to control nanovalves with alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) and superparamagnetic cores inside the MSNs. The AMF heats the cores, and temperature-sensitive caps release the cargo. In vitro studies demonstrate dose control of the therapeutic to cause apoptosis without overheating the cells. Nanocarriers have great promise for therapeutic applications, and MSNs that can carry drugs to the site of a disease to produce a high local concentration without premature release and off-target damage may have the capability of realizing this goal.
Reactivation of a developmental Bmp2 signaling center is required for therapeutic control of the murine periosteal niche (2019)

Two decades after signals controlling bone length were discovered, the endogenous ligands determining bone width remain unknown. We show that postnatal establishment of normal bone width in mice, as mediated by bone-forming activity of the periosteum, requires BMP signaling at the innermost layer of the periosteal niche. This developmental signaling center becomes quiescent during adult life. Its reactivation however, is necessary for periosteal growth, enhanced bone strength, and accelerated fracture repair in response to bone-anabolic therapies used in clinical orthopedic settings. Although many BMPs are expressed in bone, periosteal BMP signaling and bone formation require only <i>Bmp2</i> in the <i>Prx1-Cre</i> lineage. Mechanistically, BMP2 functions downstream of Lrp5/6 pathway to activate a conserved regulatory element upstream of <i>Sp7</i> via recruitment of Smad1 and Grhl3. Consistent with our findings, human variants of <i>BMP2</i> and <i>GRHL3</i> are associated with increased risk of fractures.
Spin Wave Based Approximate Computing (2021)

By their very nature Spin Waves (SWs) enable the realization of energy efficient circuits as they propagate and interfere within waveguides without consuming noticeable energy. However, SW computing can be even more energy efficient by taking advantage of the approximate computing paradigm as many applications are error-tolerant like multimedia and social media. In this paper we propose an ultra-low energy novel Approximate Full Adder (AFA) and a 2-bit inputs Multiplier (AMUL). The approximate FA consists of one Majority gate while the approximate MUL is built by means of 3 AND gates. We validate the correct functionality of our proposal by means of micromagnetic simulations and evaluate the approximate FA figure of merit against state-of-the-art accurate SW, 7nm CMOS, Spin Hall Effect (SHE), Domain Wall Motion (DWM), accurate and approximate 45nm CMOS, Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ), and Spin-CMOS FA implementations. Our results indicate that AFA consumes 43% and 33% less energy than state-of-the-art accurate SW and 7nm CMOS FA, respectively, and saves 69% and 44% when compared with accurate and approximate 45nm CMOS, respectively, and provides a 2 orders of magnitude energy reduction when compared with accurate SHE, accurate and approximate DWM, MTJ, and Spin-CMOS, counterparts. In addition, it achieves the same error rate as approximate 45nm CMOS and Spin-CMOS FA whereas it exhibits 50% less error rate than the approximate DWM FA. Furthermore, it outperforms its contenders in terms of area by saving at least 29% chip real-estate. AMUL is evaluated and compared with state-of-the-art accurate SW and 16nm CMOS accurate and approximate state-of-the-art designs. The evaluation results indicate that it saves at least 2x and 5x energy in comparison with the state-of-the-art SW designs and 16nm CMOS accurate and approximate designs, respectively, and has an average error rate of 10%, while the approximate CMOS MUL has an average error rate of 12.5%, and requires at least 64% less chip real-estate.
Silicon on insulator modulator structures for data rates of 40 Gb/s and above (2012)

In this work we describe carrier depletion MZI and ring modulators, cavity structures for modulation enhancement and QCSE modulators, all of which are under development as part of the UK Silicon Photonics project and the European HELIOS project.
Denoising of natural stochastic colored-textures based on fractional brownian motion model (2015)

Denoising of Natural Stochastic Colored-Textures (color NST) is of special interest in image processing. Existing algorithms produce over-smoothed images with sharp edges, and do not restore the fine textural color details. We analyze the structure of color NST images and propose a simple model. This model is Gaussian and has a low number of parameters that can be estimated efficiently. A maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) scheme is proposed for patch-wise denoising of color NST. The denoised images exhibit better restored textural details compared to existing algorithms. A boosting algorithm is proposed for denoising of complex images containing both cartoon-type and textural image components.