gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunotoxin-mediated conditional disruption of specific neurons in transgenic mice. (1995)

We have developed a transgenic approach, termed immunotoxin-mediated cell targeting (IMCT), to ablate conditionally selective neurons in the brain with the cytotoxic activity of immunotoxins. Transgenic mice were created that express the human interleukin 2 receptor alpha subunit (IL-2R alpha) under the control of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene promoter. The animals were treated intracerebroventricularly with a recombinant immunotoxin, anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40, which selectively kills animal cells bearing human IL-2R alpha. The immunotoxin caused a characteristic behavioral abnormality only in the transgenic mice. This was accompanied by a dramatic loss of DBH-containing neurons and a significant decrease in DBH activity and norepinephrine levels in various regions of the brain. IMCT should provide a general technique to create animal models of human neurodegenerative disorders by targeting neurons or other cell types.
Fabrication and properties of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films made using pulsed laser deposition (1989)

Superconducting films of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O on
Efficacy and Safety of Immunosuppression Withdrawal in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients: Moving Toward Personalized Management (2020)

Immunosuppression withdrawal showed that 37.5% of selected pediatric liver-transplant recipients were operationally tolerant. Allograft histology did not deteriorate for either tolerant or nontolerant subjects. The timing and reversibility of failed withdrawal justifies future trials exploring the efficacy, safety, and potential benefits of immunosuppression minimization.
Time-gated scintillator imaging for real-time optical surface dosimetry in total skin electron therapy (2018)

The purpose of this study was to measure surface dose by remote time-gated imaging of plastic scintillators. A novel technique for time-gated, intensified camera imaging of scintillator emission was demonstrated, and key parameters influencing the signal were analyzed, including distance, angle and thickness. A set of scintillator samples was calibrated by using thermo-luminescence detector response as reference. Examples of use in total skin electron therapy are described. The data showed excellent room light rejection (signal-to-noise ratio of scintillation SNR ≈ 470), ideal scintillation dose response linearity, and 2% dose rate error. Individual sample scintillation response varied by 7% due to sample preparation. Inverse square distance dependence correction and lens throughput error (8% per meter) correction were needed. At scintillator-to-source angle and observation angle <50°, the radiant energy fluence error was smaller than 1%. The achieved standard error of the scintillator cumulative dose measurement compared to the TLD dose was 5%. The results from this proof-of-concept study documented the first use of small scintillator targets for remote surface dosimetry in ambient room lighting. The measured dose accuracy renders our method to be comparable to thermo-luminescent detector dosimetry, with the ultimate realization of accuracy likely to be better than shown here. Once optimized, this approach to remote dosimetry may substantially reduce the time and effort required for surface dosimetry.
Optimal scheduling of cooperative tasks in a distributed system using an enumerative method (1993)

Preemptive (resume) scheduling of cooperative tasks that have been preassigned to a set of processing nodes in a distributed system, when each task is assumed to consist of several modules is discussed. During the course of their execution, the tasks communicate with each other to collectively accomplish a common goal. Such intertask communications lead to precedence constraints between the modules of different tasks. The objective of this scheduling is to minimize the maximum normalized task response time, called the system hazard. Real-time tasks and the precedence constraints among them are expressed in a PERT/CPM form with activity on arc (AOA), called the task graph (TG), in which the dominance relationship between simultaneously schedulable modules is derived and used to reduce the size of the set of active schedules to be searched for an optimal schedule. Lower-bound costs are estimated, and are used to bound the search. An example of the task scheduling problem and some computational experiences are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electroactive polymers with giant electromechanical response (presentation video) (2014)

Exploiting the molecular and nano-structure engineering, electroactive polymers (EAPs) with giant electromechanical responses have been developed at Penn State. For the field actuated EAPs, a class of defects modified polar-fluoropolymers have been demonstrated to exhibit a high electrostrictive strain, a high energy conversion efficiency, and high elastic energy density (&lt; 1 J/cm3), which has been commercialized by Akema and commercial actuator products have been developed at Novesentis. This talk will briefly review these results. In contrast, the ionic EAPs such as ionic polymer metal composites whose actuation mechanism is based on the excess ion accumulation/depletion at the electrodes, suffer low actuation strain, elastic energy density, and efficiency. On the other hand, the very low operation voltage, often below 5 volts, of i-EAPs is very attractive, compared with very high operation voltage of the field actuated EAPs. In the past several years, we have been investigating approaches to significantly enhance the electromechanical response of i-EAPs. This talk will present the recent works on a class of nano-structure engineered graphene nano-composites that exhibit a high strain response (&lt; 50% strain) with an exceptionally high elastic energy density &lt; 1.5 J/cm3, induced under low voltage (&lt; 5 V) with a high efficiency. These results point out the potential of EAPs in achieving high performance by exploiting nano-structure engineering and their promise for advanced solid state actuator applications. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The work was supported by NSF under Grant No. CMMI-1130437.
FOX-2 Dependent Splicing of Ataxin-2 Transcript Is Affected by Ataxin-1 Overexpression (2012)

Alternative splicing is a fundamental posttranscriptional mechanism for controlling gene expression, and splicing defects have been linked to various human disorders. The splicing factor FOX-2 is part of a main protein interaction hub in a network related to human inherited ataxias, however, its impact remains to be elucidated. Here, we focused on the reported interaction between FOX-2 and ataxin-1, the disease-causing protein in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. In this line, we further evaluated this interaction by yeast-2-hybrid analyses and co-immunoprecipitation experiments in mammalian cells. Interestingly, we discovered that FOX-2 localization and splicing activity is affected in the presence of nuclear ataxin-1 inclusions. Moreover, we observed that FOX-2 directly interacts with ataxin-2, a protein modulating spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 pathogenesis. Finally, we provide evidence that splicing of pre-mRNA of ataxin-2 depends on FOX-2 activity, since reduction of FOX-2 levels led to increased skipping of exon 18 in ataxin-2 transcripts. Most striking, we observed that ataxin-1 overexpression has an effect on this splicing event as well. Thus, our results demonstrate that FOX-2 is involved in splicing of ataxin-2 transcripts and that this splicing event is altered by overexpression of ataxin-1.
Synthesis of Flavones by the Use of Isopropyl as a Protective Group (1984)

Flavone synthesis was modified by the use of isopropyl group as a protective group and this way was applied to the preparation of flavones possessing, 5, 7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyl, 5, 7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyl and 5, 6, 7-trihydroxyl groups in the ring A isolated from Scutellaria species. the synthetic flavones were identical with the respective natural products, and their structures were confirmed.
A Systematic Study of Thermochromic Aromatic Donor−Acceptor Materials (2010)

Molar mixtures (1:1) of electron-rich dialkoxynapthalene (Dan) and electron-deficient 1,4,5,8-napthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (Ndi) derivatives form highly tunable, columnar mesophases with a dark red color due to a charge transfer absorbance derived from alternating face-centered stacking. Certain Dan-Ndi mixtures undergo a dramatic color change from dark red to an almost colorless material upon crystallizing from the mesophase. Macroscopic morphology of the solid is not changed during this process. In order to investigate the origins of this interesting thermochromic behavior, Dan and Ndi side chains were systematically altered and their 1:1 mixtures were studied. We have previously speculated that the presence or absence of steric interactions due to side chain branching on the aromatic units controlled the level of color change associated with crystallization. Results from the present study further refine this conclusion including a key crystal structure that provides a structural rationale for the observed results.
Compact, high power, MQW InP Mach-Zehnder transmitters with full-band tunability for 10 Gb/s DWDM (2005)

A full-band tunable transmitter is reported exhibiting high performance in a compact footprint. Variation in modulation characteristics with wavelength intrinsic to MQW InP Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) is shown to be readily managed. (2 pages)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic and Analytical Aspects of the Chemistry of Piracetam‐Type Substituted Pyrrolidines. A Review (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thalamic nuclei clustering on High Angular Resolution Diffusion Images (2008)

Thalamic nuclei can be distinguished by their characteristic fiber orientations, which influence the diffusion. Fiber orientations are relatively aligned within a nucleus due to the fact that the cerebrocortical striations within a nucleus all target the same region of cortex. The number of thalamic nuclei reported with histological methods varies with the method employed, although most cyto/myeloarchitec stains identify 14 major nuclei. We present a new approach for thalamic nuclei segmentation on High Angular Diffusion Resolution Images (HARDI), performed with a constrained k-means clustering. As described by John D.Carew[1], it is possible to classify HARDI data based on the shape of the diffusion, thanks to the complex information coming from them. Mette R. Wiegell [2] proposed a thalamic nuclei clustering with k- means on diffusion tensor images, using a combination of a voxel distance and a diffusion tensor distance. In the same way, we use the k-mean algorithm with a weighted sum of two distances to cluster the thalamic nuclei on HARDI data.
Compte rendu de la session d’étude Ascomycota en Vanoise – juin 2018 (2018)

Report of the Ascomycota Foray, organized by Ascomycete.org, in the National Park of Vanoise (French Alps), in June 2018. The list of the 144 collected and studied taxa is also provided
Hexafluoroisopropanol as a Low‐Boiling Extraction Solvent for 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Production (2017)

Abstract In this study, we show that the fluorous alcohol hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) can act as a superior solvent for the in situ extraction of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from an aqueous reaction system. HFIP has a far higher partition coefficient for HMF than common extraction solvents such as methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and n ‐butanol and has a significantly lower boiling point of 58–59 °C. In a system containing fructose, HCl as the catalyst, and HFIP as the extraction solvent, a high HMF yield of 89 % is achieved, which is far better than the HMF yields in common MIBK/butanol extraction systems. HFIP extracts HMF from the reaction phase without extraction of the fructose educt. In addition, the aqueous catalyst phase can be reused.
On power spectrum optimization by iterative function evaluation (2012)

The problem of optimally adjusting the power spectral density level, referred as power spectrum optimization, is a well-known and difficult nonconvex optimization problem. This paper investigates a class of local optimization methods based on a technique called iterative function evaluation. This idea, first proposed in our previous work, is based on the manipulation of the first order condition of the optimization problem into an algorithm. This paper shows that these manipulations are not unique, and proposes a new iterative-function-evaluation-based method for power spectrum optimization. In addition, this paper proposes methods based on the average channel gains for an orthogonal frequency division multiple access network. Finally, the performance of the proposed methods is evaluated in a wireless backhaul application.
Volumetric Microsampling of Capillary Blood Spot vs Whole Blood Sampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tacrolimus and Cyclosporin A: Accuracy and Patient Satisfaction (2020)

Transplant patients favored having the ability to collect capillary samples at home for TaC/CsA monitoring. Our results demonstrate good concordance between MSD+CB and VB for TaC and CsA TDM, but additional studies are warranted.
The CD2v protein of African swine fever virus interacts with the actin-binding adaptor protein SH3P7 (2004)

The predicted extracellular domain of the CD2v protein of African swine fever virus (ASFV) shares significant similarity to that of the CD2 protein in T cells but has a unique cytoplasmic domain of unknown function. Here we have shown that CD2v is expressed as a glycoprotein of approximately 105 kDa in ASFV-infected cells. In the absence of an extracellular ligand, the majority of CD2v appears to localize to perinuclear membrane compartments. Furthermore, we have shown using the yeast two-hybrid system and by direct binding studies that the cytoplasmic tail of CD2v binds to the cytoplasmic adaptor protein SH3P7 (mAbp1, HIP55), which has been reported to be involved in diverse cellular functions such as vesicle transport and signal transduction. A cDNA clone encoding a variant form of SH3P7 could also be identified and was found to be expressed in a wide range of porcine tissues. Deletion mutagenesis identified proline-rich repeats of sequence PPPKPC in the ASFV CD2v protein to be necessary and sufficient for binding to the SH3 domain of SH3P7. In ASFV-infected cells, CD2v and SH3P7 co-localized in areas surrounding the perinuclear virus factories. These areas also stained with an antibody that recognizes a Golgi network protein, indicating that they contained membranes derived from the Golgi network. Our data provide a first molecular basis for the understanding of the immunomodulatory functions of CD2v in ASFV-infected animals.
Amino acid ingestion improves muscle protein synthesis in the young and elderly (2004)

We recently demonstrated that muscle protein synthesis was stimulated to a similar extent in young and elderly subjects during a 3-h amino acid infusion. We sought to determine if a more practical bolus oral ingestion would also produce a similar response in young (34 +/- 4 yr) and elderly (67 +/- 2 yr) individuals. Arteriovenous blood samples and muscle biopsies were obtained during a primed (2.0 micromol/kg) constant infusion (0.05 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1)) of L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine. Muscle protein kinetics and mixed muscle fractional synthetic rate (FSR) were calculated before and after the bolus ingestion of 15 g of essential amino acids (EAA) in young (n = 6) and elderly (n = 7) subjects. After EAA ingestion, the rate of increase in femoral artery phenylalanine concentration was slower in elderly subjects but remained elevated for a longer period. EAA ingestion increased FSR in both age groups by approximately 0.04%/h (P < 0.05). However, muscle intracellular (IC) phenylalanine concentration remained significantly higher in elderly subjects at the completion of the study (young: 115.6 +/- 5.4 nmol/ml; elderly: 150.2 +/- 19.4 nmol/ml). Correction for the free phenylalanine retained in the muscle IC pool resulted in similar net phenylalanine uptake values in the young and elderly. EAA ingestion increased plasma insulin levels in young (6.1 +/- 1.2 to 21.3 +/- 3.1 microIU/ml) but not in elderly subjects (3.0 +/- 0.6 to 4.3 +/- 0.4 microIU/ml). Despite differences in the time course of plasma phenylalanine kinetics and a greater residual IC phenylalanine concentration, amino acid supplementation acutely stimulated muscle protein synthesis in both young and elderly individuals.
Edge Emitting Laser Diodes and Superluminescent Diodes (2020)

In this chapter, we recall briefly the history of nitride semiconductor laser diodes and the main technical and scientific challenges related to their development and future perspective. We describe in more detail the recently emerged distributed feedback (DFB) nitride laser diodes and their possible applications. We also address devices that are less known but closely related to laser diodes such as superluminescent diodes and optical amplifiers, the latter ones being components needed for advanced visible light photonic systems.
Identification of genes expressed by immune cells of the colon that are regulated by colorectal cancer‐associated variants (2013)

A locus on human chromosome 11q23 tagged by marker rs3802842 was associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in a genome-wide association study; this finding has been replicated in case-control studies worldwide. In order to identify biologic factors at this locus that are related to the etiopathology of CRC, we used microarray-based target selection methods, coupled to next-generation sequencing, to study 103 kb at the 11q23 locus. We genotyped 369 putative variants from 1,030 patients with CRC (cases) and 1,061 individuals without CRC (controls) from the Ontario Familial Colorectal Cancer Registry. Two previously uncharacterized genes, COLCA1 and COLCA2, were found to be co-regulated genes that are transcribed from opposite strands. Expression levels of COLCA1 and COLCA2 transcripts correlate with rs3802842 genotypes. In colon tissues, COLCA1 co-localizes with crystalloid granules of eosinophils and granular organelles of mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells and differentiated myeloid-derived cell lines. COLCA2 is present in the cytoplasm of normal epithelial, immune and other cell lineages, as well as tumor cells. Tissue microarray analysis demonstrates the association of rs3802842 with lymphocyte density in the lamina propria (p = 0.014) and levels of COLCA1 in the lamina propria (p = 0.00016) and COLCA2 (tumor cells, p = 0.0041 and lamina propria, p = 6 × 10(-5)). In conclusion, genetic, expression and immunohistochemical data implicate COLCA1 and COLCA2 in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Histologic analyses indicate the involvement of immune pathways.
Deviation from standard dose-response curve by bnMAbs in a U87 target cell assay. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(A) Representative experiment of PG16 neutralization of HIV pseudoviruses: MGRM-Chronic-B-017.c13, slope = 1.0 (red circle); MGRM-G-022.c02, slope = 1.2 (black square); MGRM-Chronic-B-006.c06, slope = 0.7 (light gray triangle)&lt;b&gt;;&lt;/b&gt; and MGRM-AG-011.c15, slope = 0.4 (dark gray diamond). (B) The neutralization curve slopes were determined for data from &lt;a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005110#ppat.1005110.g001" target="_blank"&gt;Fig 1A&lt;/a&gt;. BnMAbs are ordered according to decreasing medians. The bars represent the medians and the whiskered bars represent the interquartile range. The data points are colored according to which site the bnMAb targets: high-mannose patch (magenta), CD4bs (red), V2 apex (blue), and MPER (green). The dotted line denotes a slope of 0.5. (C) The neutralization curve slope value of each bnMAb for each virus on the y-axis is plotted against the corresponding MPN for each virus-bnMAb pair on the x-axis. Spearman correlation was used for statistical analysis. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was calculated at 0.745 and the P value &lt;0.0001.&lt;/p&gt;
Effects of Thickness and Calcination Temperature on Tin Dioxide Sol‐Derived Thin‐Film Sensor (1995)

The grain size of in the thin films prepared from sol solution decreased with decreasing film thickness when calcined at elevated temperature (800°C). Because of this notable phenomenon, the resistivity and sensitivity of the films showed rather complex dependence on film thickness and calcination temperature. These characteristics could be reduced into either of two simple functions of, depending on whether the calcination temperature was lower (400°C, 600°C) or higher (800°C).
Contour interaction for an easily resolvable stimulus (2001)

It is well known that adjacent contours can reduce the visual acuity of single letters. Although this has traditionally been considered only in terms of a neural-based interaction, it has recently been suggested that the information content in the stimulus may account for the interaction. Here we ask the question, "Do similar interference effects occur for the discrimination of low-contrast letters whose size is larger than that corresponding to the resolution limit?" If so, previous acuity-based interaction results may be of more general importance. We show that while there are interference effects of nearby contours, they are of a form different from that observed at the resolution limit. In particular, the contrast polarity of the nearby contour is unimportant, which in turn suggests that a physical explanation is inappropriate. Also, the discrimination of an easily resolvable, unflanked Landolt C target requires information over a much wider spatial-frequency range than its counterpart at the resolution limit.
Studies on read-stability and write-ability of fast access STT-MRAMs (2014)

It is shown that the 4T2MTJ and the 6T2MTJ-1 STT-MRAMs are more stable than SRAM at read operation in 90 nm, partly because the imbalanced resistances R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AP</sub> and R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</sub> in a pair of MTJs increase the read-stability. However, the 6T2MTJ-2 STT-MRAM is not practical because of its destructive readout feature. For the worst cell (-5σ) in the tail distribution, the read-stability margin of the 4T2MTJ STT-MRAM is larger than the 6T2MTJ-1 one.
3D-printed components for quantum devices (2017)

Recent advances in the preparation, control and measurement of atomic gases have led to new insights into the quantum world and unprecedented metrological sensitivities, e.g. in measuring gravitational forces and magnetic fields. The full potential of applying such capabilities to areas as diverse as biomedical imaging, non-invasive underground mapping, and GPS-free navigation can only be realised with the scalable production of efficient, robust and portable devices. Here we introduce additive manufacturing as a production technique of quantum device components with unrivalled design freedom, providing a step change in efficiency, compactness and facilitating systems integration. As a demonstrator we present a compact ultracold atom source using less than ten milliwatts power to produce large samples of cold rubidium gases in an ultrahigh vacuum environment. This disruptive technology opens the door to drastically improved integrated structures, which will further reduce power consumption, size and assembly complexity in scalable series manufacture of bespoke quantum devices.