gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>UV-induced autofluorescence spectroscopy in Barrett's esophagus</title> (1997)

Preliminary results of clinical experiments using UV induced autofluorescence spectroscopy in 23 patients with Barrett's esophagus are reported in this paper. Excitation wavelengths of 351 nm and 330 nm were used to induce Barrett's mucosa autofluorescence. Autofluorescence acquisition and signal processing were performed using a CP200 Jobin-Yvon system coupled to a flexible three optical fiber sensor. Three distinct emission bands were observed in the measured spectra after normalization according to the backscattered light power. These emissions were attributed to collagen, elastin, NADH and flavin. Fluorescence intensities and ratios between the emission bands were used to discriminate high grade dysplasia and early stage cancer in Barrett's esophagus from normal surrounding tissues. A significant decrease of the overall fluorescence intensity was observed for the Barrett's mucosa compared to the normal esophageal one. Autofluorescence spectral shape was modified. Collagen and elastin contribution was found to decrease going from normal to tumoral tissue.
1.3 μm photonic crystal fiber Raman laser (2007)

In this work, for the first time, we report on a design of an efficient, single-mode, continuous-wave, and low-threshold with high conversion efficiency, 1.3 μm photonic crystal fiber (PCF) Raman laser employing three nested Raman cavities. To design FRL, we have considered a highly nonlinear PCF (HNPCF) that has small effective mode area thus gives a high Raman gain efficiency of 8.3 W <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> .km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> for a 1455 nm depolarized pump at least 20 times larger than the conventional optical fibers.
Supplementary Data, Figures 1-10, Table 1 from Synthesis and Anticancer Properties of Water-Soluble Zinc Ionophores (2023)

Supplementary Data, Figures 1-10, Table 1 from Synthesis and Anticancer Properties of Water-Soluble Zinc Ionophores
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and β‐Adrenergic Activity of Atypical β‐Adrenergic Phenylethanolaminotetralin Stereoisomers. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of Flavanols in Foods: What Methods are Required to Enable Meaningful Health Recommendations? (2006)

Flavanols and their related oligomeric compounds, the procyanidins, have received increased attention during the past decade due to their reported health benefits. On the basis of compelling data published during the past decade demonstrating that the consumption of certain flavanol-rich foods can improve markers of cardiovascular health, additional clinical, and epidemiological research is clearly warranted to establish appropriate public health recommendations. However, recommendations on the consumption of these foods appropriate for use by health professionals can only be made on the basis of clinical investigations that accurately identify and quantify--through proper analytical measurement systems--the flavanols in the foods used in these investigations. This manuscript provides an overview of the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of commonly used analytical methods to characterize the content of flavanols in foods. Two nonspecific measurements widely used by investigators, the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) measurement, are discussed in this context, as is the use of various high-performance liquid chromatography methods that provide more specific data related to the content of flavanols in foods. A comparison of the data obtained from these analytical methods to those of the more rigorous high-performance liquid chromatography analyses demonstrates that these nonspecific methods are ill-suited for providing unequivocal data necessary to evaluate the importance of dietary flavanols in the context of improving cardiovascular health. Meaningful dietary recommendations for the consumption of flavanol-rich foods will only be made possible by additional well-designed clinical and epidemiological studies enabled by detailed compositional data obtained through use of appropriate analytical methods.
A Study on the Emissions of Chemical Species from Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and the Effects of Modern Aftertreatment Technology (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A comparative analysis was made on the emissions from a 2004 and a 2007 heavy-duty diesel engine to determine how new engine and emissions technologies have affected the chemical compounds found in the exhaust gases. Representative samples were collected from a source dilution sampling system and analyzed for both criteria and unregulated gaseous and particulate emissions. Results have shown that the 2007 regulations compliant engine and emissions technology not only reduced the specifically regulated exhaust pollutants, but also significantly reduced the majority of unregulated chemical species. It is believed that these reductions were achieved through the use of engine optimization, aftertreatment system integration, and ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel.&lt;/div&gt;
Long-QT Syndrome-Associated Missense Mutations in the Pore Helix of the HERG Potassium Channel (2001)

These findings define the physiological consequences of mutations in HERG that cause LQTS and indicate the importance of the pore helix of HERG for normal channel function.
Recent Developments in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Polymerization I. Polymerization of Propylene by Silylene- and Germylene-Bridged Group 4 Metallocenes. (2002)

C2対称のジメチルゲルミレン架橋ジルコノセンおよびハフノセンジ塩化物錯体を合成し, メチルアルミノキサンと組み合わせてプロピレンの重合を行った. ゲルミレン架橋メタロセン錯体を用いて得られるアイソタクチックポリプロピレンはシリレン架橋同族体によるものよりも常に高分子量であることがわかった. ジメチルシリレンおよびゲルミレンビス (2, 3, 5-トリメチルシクロペンタジエン) から得られる4種のジルコノセンおよびハフノセン錯体の単結晶X線構造解析を行い, ケイ素とゲルマニウム架橋錯体の幾何構造の間にはほとんど差がないことを示した.
Small Molecular Leads Differentially Active Against HER2 Positive and Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines (2018)

These results exhibited the potential of small molecules in the treatment of HER2 amplified and triple negative breast cancers in vitro.
Crystallization of Oil-in-Water Emulsions (2001)

Crystallization in emulsions is an increasingly important area both technically and scientifically. Agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals [1], ceramic manufacture, food, cosmetics [2], speciality chemicals, photographic emulsions are a few examples of industries in which emulsion crystallization is widely employed or in develop­ ment. Ceramics manufacture may seem an unlikely candidate for the use of emul­ sions, but emulsion crystallization offers more uniform stochiochemistry, smaller ceramic particle size, and a superior fired ceramic [3,4]. Crystallization of ceram­ ics is but one example of a new approach to materials processing based on emul­ sions [1,5-11]. In foods, emulsion crystallization was discovered accidentally, first as part of the butter-churning process [12] and then in margarine manufac­ ture. Margarine and fatty spreads are oil-in-water emulsions in which a crystal network stabilizes and structures what is basically a liquid, imparting upon it solid properties. Margarine manufacture is a little more complicated than simple emulsion crystallization [13]. While nucleation is initiated in the dispersed oil phase of an oil-in-water emulsion, the emulsion is inverted under shear during the crystallization process so that crystallization completes when the oil forms the continuous phase. The result is a kinetically stable water-in-oil emulsion, which would otherwise be a thermodynamically stable oil-in-water emulsion. This has the interesting property of inverting back to a water continuous emulsion when the crystal network melts in the mouth. In ice cream, the role of crystalliza­ tion in stabilizing and structuring the product is even more complex [14,15]. In pharmaceuticals [1] and agrochemicals, emulsions permit the delivery of expen­ sive and possibly hazardous chemicals in a water continuous system. This makes it much easier to control dosage; it also reduces hazards through concentrationreduction and the presence of a water barrier. Normally the drug or chemical is dissolved in the dispersed oil phase. Crystallization may be used to structure the emulsion, imparting upon it the properties of a soft solid so that it adheres to surfaces. Fat crystals play an important role in structuring emulsions [14-18].
Enclosed, off-axis solar concentrator (2023)

A solar concentrator including a housing having receiving wall, a reflecting wall and at least two end walls, the receiving, reflecting and end walls defining a three-dimensional volume having an inlet, wherein a vertical axis of the housing is generally perpendicular to the inlet, a receiver mounted on the receiving wall of the housing, the receiver including at least one photovoltaic cell, wherein a vertical axis of the receiver is disposed at a non-zero angle relative to the vertical axis of the housing, at least one clip disposed on the reflecting wall an optical element received within the three-dimensional volume, the optical element including at least one tab, the tab being engaged by the clip to align the optical element with the receiver, and a window received over the inlet to enclose the housing.
Short-chain Pseudopeptide Bombesin Receptor Antagonists with Enhanced Binding Affinities for Pancreatic Acinar and Swiss 3T3 Cells Display Strong Antimitotic Activity (1989)

The high inhibitory potency of the previously developed bombesin antagonist [Leu13, psi CH2NHLeu14]bombesin (analogue I) (IC50 values of 30 and 18 nM for inhibition of bombesin-stimulated amylase secretion from guinea pig acinar cells and Swiss 3T3 cell growth, respectively) diminished considerably when shorter chain lengths were examined. For instance, [Leu13, psi CH2NHLeu14]bombesin-(5-14),[Leu13, psi CH2NHLeu14] bombesin-(6-14), and [Leu9, psi CH2NHLeu10]neuromedin C had IC50 values of 150, 150, and 280 nM, respectively. Incorporation of a D-Phe residue at position 6 of [Leu13, psi CH2NHLeu14] bombesin did not significantly change the various biological parameters. However, its presence in [Leu13, psi CH2NHLeu14]bombesin-(6-14) and at position 2 of psi-neuromedin C-(2-10) resulted in about 10-fold increases in potency up to and above that of the original antagonist. For instance, [D-Phe6,Leu13,psi CH2NHLeu14]bombesin-(6-14) and des-Gly1-[D-Phe2,Leu9,psi CH2NHLeu10]neuromedin C exhibited IC50 values of 5 and 28 nM, respectively. Analogues based on the litorin sequence which contains an NH2-terminal pyroglutamic acid residue at the bombesin position 6 equivalent were also quite potent. The ability of various analogues to interact with bombesin receptors on pancreatic acini correlated reasonably well with potencies derived from inhibition of bombesin-stimulated growth of Swiss 3T3 cells. Additional studies of NH2- and COOH-terminal structure-activity relationships resulted in the synthesis of [D-Phe6,Leu13,psi CH2NHPhe14]bombesin-(6-14), which was particularly effective in inhibiting 3T3 cell growth at high picomolar concentrations (IC50 = 0.72 nM and Ki = 3.1 nM for 3T3 cells; IC50 = 7.5 nM and Ki = 9.9 nM for acini). Detailed investigations with one of the most potent antagonists, [D-Phe6,Leu13,psi CH2NHLeu14]bombesin-(6-14) (Ki = 14 nM for acini cells and 7.1 for 3T3 cells), demonstrated that this analogue was a competitive inhibitor of bombesin and that this activity was specific for the bombesin receptor. Thus, inhibitory potencies have been improved generally up to 25 times over previously reported structures; and, given that bombesin itself has a Ki of 1.2 nM for 3T3 cell binding, some of these analogues are extraordinarily high affinity receptor antagonists. They can also be synthesized more readily and offer fewer proteolytic degradation sites than the original pseudopeptide and should be excellent candidates for in vivo studies aimed at inhibition of bombesin-dependent human small cell lung carcinoma growth.
Injectable Carbon Nanotube-Functionalized Reverse Thermal Gel Promotes Cardiomyocytes Survival and Maturation (2017)

The ability of the adult heart to regenerate cardiomyocytes (CMs) lost after injury is limited, generating interest in developing efficient cell-based transplantation therapies. Rigid carbon nanotubes (CNTs) scaffolds have been used to improve CMs viability, proliferation, and maturation, but they require undesirable invasive surgeries for implantation. To overcome this limitation, we developed an injectable reverse thermal gel (RTG) functionalized with CNTs (RTG-CNT) that transitions from a solution at room temperature to a three-dimensional (3D) gel-based matrix shortly after reaching body temperature. Here we show experimental evidence that this 3D RTG-CNT system supports long-term CMs survival, promotes CMs alignment and proliferation, and improves CMs function when compared with traditional two-dimensional gelatin controls and 3D plain RTG system without CNTs. Therefore, our injectable RTG-CNT system could potentially be used as a minimally invasive tool for cardiac tissue engineering efforts.
Effect of Sequential Layer-by-Layer Surface Modifications on the Surface Energy of Plasma-Modified Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (2006)

Surface-initiated grafting of N,N-dimethylacrylamide, styrenesulfonate (SS), and (ar-vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride (VBTAC) from microwave plasma carboxylated, initiator-functionalized poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces was accomplished utilizing reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Surface spectroscopic attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FT-IR analysis and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were utilized to determine surface grafting and morphological surface features. The VBTAC-grafted PDMS provided a smooth, hydrophilic cationic surface for creating layer-by-layer (LBL) surfaces via alternating deposition of well-defined poly(SS) and poly(VBTAC), also prepared via aqueous RAFT. Comparisons of the ATR FT-IR spectra of the LBL assemblies and those of respective anionic poly(SS) and cationic poly(VBTAC) components confirmed strong electrostatic complexation of a fraction of the sulfonate and quarternary ammonium species in the layers as well as the existence of noncomplexed species. AFM images of surface topology indicated the presence of domains, likely phase-separated segments of the respective homopolymers, as well as interlayer mixing. The employed LBL methodology results in formation of stable, highly hydrophilic surfaces on a PDMS substrate. To our knowledge, this is the first study that illustrates surface functionalization of PDMS using microwave plasma and RAFT polymerization, followed by LBL deposition of polyelectrolytes.
PARAFAC-based frequency synchronization for SC-FDMA uplink transmissions (2014)

Frequency synchronization is a critical requirement for single-carrier frequency division multiple-access (SC-FDMA) uplink transmissions. Based on the key observation that the received signal at the base station can be formulated as the parallel factor analysis model, we present a joint carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation and compensation scheme for SC-FDMA uplink transmissions with interleaved sub-carrier allocation. The proposed scheme, employing identical training symbols, guarantees the identifiability of CFO estimation, allows the system to operate on full load, and it is readily extendible to multi-antenna base station (BS) reception. Comparisons with existing approaches in the literature reveal that the proposed algorithms provide lower complexity and superior performance.
QCDSP (1997)

We discuss the work of the QCDSP collaboration to build an inexpensive Teraflop scale massively parallel computer suitable for computations in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). The computer is a collection of nodes connected in a four dimensional toroidial grid with nearest neighbor bit serial communications. A node is composed of a Texas Instruments Digital Signal Processor (DSP), memory, and a custom made communications and memory controller chip. An 8192 node computer with a peak speed of 0.4 Teraflops is being constructed at Columbia University for a cost of $1.8 Million. A 12,288-node machine with a peak speed of 0.6 Teraflops is being constructed for the RIKEN Brookhaven Research Center. Other computers have been built including a 50 Gigaflop version for Florida State University.
Effect of on-air-combining on the signal quality in distributed transmitter systems (2011)

In this paper the effect of on-air-combining on the signal quality in distributed transmitter systems like active antennas is described. Active antennas containing a multitude of parallel, independent transmitter chains are emerging in the mobile communication base station market. Due to the independent transmitter chains, each signal is subject to different distortions by the various transmitter components like D/A-converters, filters, amplifiers, noise sources etc. These multiple signals are then radiated by individual antenna elements, which, according to their phase and amplitude offsets, then combine on air; forming the required beam pattern. In this paper the effect of the combining process is described; a system simulation tool in Matlab and Simulink is described and the measured verification-results of an implemented test system are presented.
Tetrakis(μ3-2-methyl-5-thienyl)tetrakis(diethyl ether-O)-tetrahedro-tetralithium (1996)

The lithium 2-methylthiophene complex, [Li(C5H5S)(C4H10O)]4, crystallizes as a tetramer on a \overline{4} symmetry site. The fourLi atoms form a slightly distorted tetrahedron. The thiophene carbanions are each coordinated to a face of the lithium tetrahedron. One diethyl ether is also coordinated to each Li atom.
Preferential oxidation of CO over supported and alloy catalysts in H2-rich gas for fuel cell application (2007)

Different supported and unsupported samples used for preferential oxidation of CO are tested and characterized by in situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Few crucial parameters were identified that are essential to reach the desired catalytic performance.
Dynamic measurement for electric field sensor based on wavelength-swept laser (2014)

We demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge a dynamic measurement for an electric field sensor using a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) Fabry-Perot etalon and a wavelength-swept laser. It is well known that the wavelengths of the transmitted peaks of the NLC Fabry-Perot etalon depend on the applied electric field. The change in the effective refractive index of the NLC is measured according to the applied static electric field. The effective refractive index decreases from 1.67 to 1.51 as the applied the electric field intensity is increased. In addition, we measure the frequency of the dynamic variation in the electric field using a high-speed wavelength-swept laser. By measuring the modulation frequency of the transmitted peaks in the temporal domain, the frequency of the amplitude-modulated electric field can be estimated. The frequencies of the measured dynamic variations show a close agreement with the amplitude modulation frequencies of the induced electric field.
Stemmed Implants Improve Stability in Augmented Constrained Condylar Knees (2008)

We previously combined experimental and computational measures to ascertain whether tibial stem augmentation reduces bone strains beneath constrained condylar implants. Using these same integrated approaches, we examined the benefit of a stem when a wedge is used. Implants were removed from the eight paired cadaver specimens from our previous experiment, and oblique defects created that were restored with 15 degrees metallic wedges cemented in place. We applied a varus moment and an axial load and monitored relative motion between implant and bone. Specimen-specific 3-D finite element models were constructed from CT scans and radiographs to examine bone stress in the proximal tibia. Implants with a wedge but no stem had greater motion than the previous control with no stem or wedge. Use of a modular stem with a wedge maintained the same level of motion as the primary case, suggesting that a stem is preferable when a wedge is utilized. The computational models confirmed this conclusion with a 30% reduction in bone stress compared to 17% in the primary case without a wedge. The wedge carried more axial load compared to the primary implant due to its support on stiff metaphyseal bone.
Ni-substituted Ba-beta-alumina solid oxide catalysts: Structural and performance characteristics during CO2-CH4 reforming (2011)

Anthropogenic CO 2 emissions are an important global issue due to the significant and continuous rise in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations.One method of utilizing CO 2 is through its re-use as an oxidant at point sources.A series of Ba 0.75 Ni y Al 12-y O 19- (y = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) catalysts exhibit CO 2 adsorption characteristics that are directly related to both activity in the CO 2 -CH 4 reaction and the extent of Ni-substitution into the Ba--alumina structure.The relationship between catalyst activity and structure is characterized by EXAFS, XANES, XRD, XPS and TPR.Although there is no clear trend in the average Ni coordination number and bond distance with Ni substitution, the deposition of coke, a primary mechanism of deactivation in this reaction, is greatly reduced by the extent of Ni substitution into the Ba--alumina lattice.
Cu(OTf)2‐ or Et3N‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Condensation of Aldehydes, Amines and Cyanides: A High‐Yielding Synthesis of α‐Aminonitriles. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Network data buffering for availability improvement of mobile web applications (2015)

In recent years, we have seen an explosion in the use of smart devices. With several different competing OS platforms on these smart devices, developers have turned to web applications as an effective way to provide cross-platform services. However, because many web applications are designed to handle UI interactions locally on a user’s device and to process data remotely in the cloud, it is difficult for them to continue running while offline. In this paper, we propose a data synchronization technology that buffers and minimize network communications to address problems associated with dropped network connections as well as low bandwidth and/or high latency environments. To test the technology’s effectiveness, we applied it to some typical web applications and compared their performance in environments with dropped connections.
Glycolytic rate (PET) and contrast enhancement (CT) in human cerebral gliomas. (1983)

A comparison of the glycolytic rate as determined by positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-deoxyglucose (FDG) and cerebral contrast computed tomography (CT) was carried out in 72 cases of cerebral glioma. FDG-PET is more accurate than contrast CT in predicting tumor grade.