gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Honeycomb-Like Interconnected Network of Nickel Phosphide Heteronanoparticles with Superior Electrochemical Performance for Supercapacitors (2017)

Transition-metal-based heteronanoparticles are attracting extensive attention in electrode material design for supercapacitors owing to their large surface-to-volume ratios and inherent synergies of individual components; however, they still suffer from limited interior capacity and cycling stability due to simple geometric configurations, low electrochemical activity of the surface, and poor structural integrity. Developing an elaborate architecture that endows a larger surface area, high conductivity, and mechanically robust structure is a pressing need to tackle the existing challenges of electrode materials. This work presents a supercapacitor electrode consisting of honeycomb-like biphasic Ni<sub>5</sub>P<sub>4</sub>-Ni<sub>2</sub>P (Ni<sub>x</sub>P<sub>y</sub>) nanosheets, which are interleaved by large quantities of nanoparticles. The optimized Ni<sub>x</sub>P<sub>y</sub> delivers an ultrahigh specific capacity of 1272 C g<sup>-1</sup> at a current density of 2 A g<sup>-1</sup>, high rate capability, and stability. An asymmetric supercapacitor employing as-synthesized Ni<sub>x</sub>P<sub>y</sub> as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode exhibits significantly high power and energy densities (67.2 W h kg<sup>-1</sup> at 0.75 kW kg<sup>-1</sup>; 20.4 W h kg<sup>-1</sup> at 15 kW kg<sup>-1</sup>). These results demonstrate that the novel nanostructured Ni<sub>x</sub>P<sub>y</sub> can be potentially applied in high-performance supercapacitors.
Enhancing Cathode Performance and Anode Sulfur/Carbon Tolerance of SOFCs by Nano-Infiltration (2007)

The positive cost benefit associated with the use of metallic interconnects in SOFCs have led commercial developers to target operating temperatures in the range of 600{degree sign}C-800 {degree sign}C; however maintaining high electrode performance at reduced temperatures remains a challenge. One approach to increase electrode performance is to enhance the active catalytic area by infiltrating the electrode with dispersed catalyst. LBNL has developed an infiltration method that deposits a continuous network of nano-particles throughout existing electrodes, in a single processing step. In the case of mixed ionic electronic conductor (MIEC) nanoparticles infiltrated into LSM-YSZ electrodes, electrode performance is greatly improved by both the catalytic properties of the MIEC and the triple-phase boundary extension across the surfaces of both the electrode and electrolyte particles in the electrode. The infiltration method has additionally been used to deposit MIEC nanoparticles in Ni-YSZ electrodes, leading not only to improved performance, but to impressive sulfur tolerance as well.
Measurement of relaxation between polarization eigenstates in single quantum dots (2002)

Low temperature relaxation of excitons between polarization eigenstates in single interface fluctuation quantum dots is studied using copolarized and cross-polarized transient differential transmission spectroscopy. The measured spin relaxation times are on the order of ∼100 ps. Such a spin relaxation time is longer than the reported times for thin quantum wells, but considerably shorter than the predicted times for interface fluctuation quantum dots.
Data from Small Molecule–Mediated Activation of RAS Elicits Biphasic Modulation of Phospho-ERK Levels that Are Regulated through Negative Feedback on SOS1 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Oncogenic mutation of RAS results in aberrant cellular signaling and is responsible for more than 30% of all human tumors. Therefore, pharmacologic modulation of RAS has attracted great interest as a therapeutic strategy. Our laboratory has recently discovered small molecules that activate Son of Sevenless (SOS)–catalyzed nucleotide exchange on RAS and inhibit downstream signaling. Here, we describe how pharmacologically targeting SOS1 induced biphasic modulation of RAS-GTP and ERK phosphorylation levels, which we observed in a variety of cell lines expressing different RAS-mutant isoforms. We show that compound treatment caused an increase in phosphorylation at ERK consensus motifs on SOS1 that was not observed with the expression of a non-phosphorylatable S1178A SOS1 mutant or after pretreatment with an ERK inhibitor. Phosphorylation at S1178 on SOS1 is known to inhibit the association between SOS1 and GRB2 and disrupt SOS1 membrane localization. Consistent with this, we show that wild-type SOS1 and GRB2 dissociated in a time-dependent fashion in response to compound treatment, and conversely, this interaction was enhanced with the expression of an S1178A SOS1 mutant. Furthermore, in cells expressing either S1178A SOS1 or a constitutively membrane-bound CAAX box tagged SOS1 mutant, we observed elevated RAS-GTP levels over time in response to compound, as compared with the biphasic changes in RAS-GTP exhibited in cells expressing wild-type SOS1. These results suggest that small molecule targeting of SOS1 can elicit a biphasic modulation of RAS-GTP and phospho-ERK levels through negative feedback on SOS1 that regulates the interaction between SOS1 and GRB2. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 17(5); 1051–60. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Adrenocorticotropin receptor/melanocortin receptor‐2 maps within a reported susceptibility region for bipolar illness on chromosome 18 (1995)

Abstract We have examined the possible linkage of adrenocorticotropin receptor/melanocortin receptor‐2 (ACTHR/MC‐2) to a reported putative susceptibility locus for bipolar illness (BP) in 20 affected pedigrees. Initially, allelic variants of the gene were identified by polymerase chain reaction‐single stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) and the gene was genetically mapped using both the Centre d'Etudes du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) pedigrees and the BP pedigrees used in this study. We found that the ACTHR/MC‐2 gene maps between D18S53 and D18S66. These loci span a region of chromosome 18 which, in a previous study (Berrettini et al.: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:5918–5921, 1994) revealed a putative predisposing locus to BP through nonparametric methods of linkage analysis. Linkage of ACTHR/MC‐2 to BP was not demonstrable under parametric and nonparametric methods of analyses, although affected sib‐pair (ASP) method revealed an increase in allele sharing among ill individuals, P =0.023. Since this receptor is within a potential linkage region, ACTHR/MC‐2 could be considered a candidate gene for BP. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. This Article is a U.S. Government work and, such as, is in the public domain in the United State of America.
HUMAN ALLOGRAFT REJECTION IS MEDIATED BY CD4+ T CELLS IN SCID MICE TRANSPLANTED WITH HUMAN THYMUS AND LIVER (THY/LIV SCID MICE). (2000)

Sho, Masayuki1; Samsonov, Dmitry V.1; Laning, Joseph C.2; Hardin-Young, Janet2; Sayegh, Mohamed H.1; Briscoe, David M.1 Author Information
Computational Simulations of Provisional Stenting of a Diseased Coronary Artery Bifurcation Model (2020)

Although stenting of non-branched arterial segments has acceptable clinical outcomes, in-stent restenosis (ISR) and stent thrombosis remain clinically significant issues for vascular bifurcations (15-28% restenosis). Local fluid and solid stresses appear to play an important role in restenosis and thrombosis. The combined role of wall shear stress (WSS) and circumferential wall stresses (CWS) is unclear in the case of stenting at vascular bifurcations. Using numerical simulations, we computed the fluid shear, solid stresses and the stress ratio at the the bifurcation region. Stenting of main vessel increased the maximum CWS in the the side branch (SB), resulting in a nearly two-fold increase of stress ratio in the SB compared to the MB (5.1 × 10<sup>5</sup> vs. 9.2 × 10<sup>5</sup>). The existence of plaque decreased WSS and increased CWS near the carina, increasing the stress ratio at the SB. The changes of stress ratio were highly consistent with clinical data on bifurcation stenting. Fluid dynamics and solids mechanics should be considered in planning of stenting for a specific bifurcation, as their combined biomechanical effect may play an important role in stent restenosis and thrombosis.
Efficient reduction of aromatic nitro compounds catalyzed by nickel chloride supported on natural phosphate (2018)

Natural phosphates are an important natural resource in Morocco, which need to be valorized; they can be used not only as primary raw material to produce the fertilizers but also as catalysts. In this work, we have prepared natural phosphate-supported nickel chloride (NiCl2/NP). This material was effectively used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the presence of sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. The reaction was carried out at room temperature in an aqueous medium. The catalyst showed an excellent activity for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds under simple conditions along with good usability.
High Speed 160 Gb/s DMT VCSEL Transmission Using Pre-equalization (2017)

High speed single channel DMT operation of a directly modulated 850 nm VCSEL with 26 GHz bandwidth is presented. Successful transmission of 161, 152, 135 Gb/s over 10, 300, 550 m of OM4 MMF is demonstrated at the SD-FEC BER limit.
Analytical determination of the complex refractive index and the incident angle of an optically isotropic substrate by ellipsometric parameters and reflectance (2021)

An analytical solution for the determination of both angle of incidence (AOI) and the complex refractive index from combined ellipsometric and reflectometric measurements at optically isotropic substrates is presented. Conventional ellipsometers usually measure flat surfaces because the curvatures of the surface alter the reflected or transmitted light, which causes experimental errors due to the deviation of the incident angle. However, in real industrial applications, the shapes of samples are usually curved or even free-form. In this case, the knowledge of the AOI is essential. The proposed method provides a simple way to measure the AOI and the complex refractive index of nonplanar samples without extra or complicated hardware.
Copolymerization Behavior of Unbridged Indenyl Metallocenes:  Substituent Effects on the Degree of Comonomer Incorporation (2001)

The copolymerization of ethylene and 1-hexene with a variety of unbridged indenylmetallocenes was investigated and compared to unbridged bis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride and bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride as well as ansa-bridged rac-ethylenebis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride (EBIZrCl2). The unbridged bis(2-phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride showed higher selectivity for the incorporation of 1-hexene than the bridged rac-ethylenebis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride and much higher 1-hexene incoporation than the unbridged bis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride and bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride. Both ligands appear to be important since the 1-hexene incorporation of the mixed ligand compound (cyclopentadienyl)(2-phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride is much lower than that of bis(2-phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride. For unbridged bis(indenyl)metallocenes, the nature of the substituent in the 2-position plays an important role in comonomer selectivity: bis(2-methylindenyl)zirconium dichloride and bis(2-phenylethynylindenyl)zirconium dichloride exhibit much higher 1-hexene incorporation than bis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride but lower than bis(2-phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride.
Physical-Layer Deep Learning: Challenges and Applications to 5G and Beyond. (2020)

The unprecedented requirements of IoT networks have made fine-grained optimization of spectrum resources an urgent necessity. Thus, designing techniques able to extract knowledge from the spectrum in real time and select the optimal spectrum access strategy accordingly has become more important than ever. Moreover, 5G-and-beyond networks will require complex management schemes to deal with problems such as adaptive beam management and rate selection. Although deep learning has been successful in modeling complex phenomena, commercially-available wireless devices are still very far from actually adopting learning-based techniques to optimize their spectrum usage. In this paper, we first discuss the need for real-time deep learning at the physical layer, and then summarize the current state of the art and existing limitations. We conclude the paper by discussing an agenda of research challenges and how deep learning can be applied to address crucial problems in 5G-and-beyond networks.
Efficient generation of correlated random numbers using Chebyshev-optimal magnitude-only IIR filters (2007)

We compare several methods for the efficient generation of correlated random sequences (colored noise) by filtering white noise to achieve a desired correlation spectrum. We argue that a class of IIR filter-design techniques developed in the 1970s, which obtain the global Chebyshev-optimum minimum-phase filter with a desired magnitude and arbitrary phase, are uniquely suited for this problem but have seldom been used. The short filters that result from such techniques are crucial for applications of colored noise in physical simulations involving random processes, for which many long random sequences must be generated and computational time and memory are at a premium.
Downregulation of muscarinic receptors in the rat caudate-putamen after lesioning of the ipsilateral nigrostriatal dopamine pathway with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA): normalization by fetal mesencephalic transplants (1991)

The autoradiographic distribution and density of muscarinic receptors was studied in the neostriatum of rats with long-term unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and in lesioned rats who had additionally received embryonic substantia nigra grafts in the dopamine denervated striatum. Muscarinic receptors were labeled with [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), M1 receptors were directly labeled with [3H]pirenzepine (PZ) and non-M1 receptors were labeled by the competition of 100 nM PZ with [3H]QNB. The density and distribution of muscarinic receptors were directly compared to the sodium-dependent, high-affinity, choline uptake sites as labeled with [3H]hemicholinium-3 (HC-3). In the 6-OHDA-lesioned animals, there was a 25% reduction in muscarinic receptors labeled with [3H]QNB. Subtype analysis showed that there was a reduction of both M1 (-26%) and non-M1 (-33%) receptors. A normal density of both muscarinic receptor populations was found in animals with successful transplants. Saturation analysis demonstrated that the changes, in muscarinic receptor density, were due to a change in receptor number (Bmax) and not affinity (Kd). There was no significant change in [3H]HC-3 binding in the 6-OHDA-lesioned or transplanted animals, indicating that alterations in muscarinic receptors were not due to transynaptic degeneration of striatal cholinergic interneurons. The findings of downregulation of muscarinic receptors following long-term dopamine denervation and the subsequent normalization of muscarinic receptor density after fetal mesencephalic transplantation suggests that transplanted substantia nigra cells are able to restore inhibitory control on striatal cholinergic interneurons.
On the origin of high quality white light emission from a hybrid organic/inorganic light emitting diode using azide functionalized polyfluorene (2008)

High quality white light generation with high colour rendering index (CRI) was achieved by integrating a cross-linkable azide functionalized polyfluorene derivative, namely poly[(9,9-dihexylfluorene)-co-alt-(9,9-bis(6-azidohexyl)fluorene)] (PFA), as a down-converting fluorescent material on the inorganic n-UV InGaN/GaN LED platform. For comparison, two other polyfluorene based polymers, namely poly[(9,9-dihexylfluorene)-co-alt-(9,9-bis(6-bromohexyl)fluorene)] (PFB) and poly[9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluorene] (PF), were tested for white light generation. While PFA and PF both led to white light generation, PFB fell out of the white region on the chromaticity diagram. Compared to PFA, both of the control groups (PF and PFB) exhibited much lower CRI. To gain a better insight into the mechanisms playing a key role for the generation of such high quality white light in PFA, all of these polymers were further subjected to a series of experiments such as controlled exposure to heat at 220 °C for 2 h under Ar and in air. The polymers PFA and PFB, which include cross-linkable groups, produced broad emission spectra in the region of 430–650 nm upon annealing in the absence of oxygen under Ar atmosphere while almost no change was observed in the emission spectrum of PF without any cross-linkable groups. PFA undergoes cross-linking through the decomposition of azide leading to reactive nitrene species, whereas in PFB cross-linking probably occurs viadebromination. This result clearly proved that the broadening can not be attributed only to photo or thermal oxidation, but it is also due to cross-linking. PFA was also exposed to n-UV light from the InGaN/GaN LED to investigate its photostability. In these experiments, the spectral changes in absorbance and emission properties and thermal transitions of these polymers were monitored by FT-IR, UV-Vis and fluorescent spectrometry, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These experiments indicated that PFA provides high quality white light opportunely via cross-linking and remains stable once cross-linking is formed in a solid film.
Exponential scaling of neural algorithms - a future beyond Moore's Law? (2018)

Abstract not provided.
Publisher's Note: “Molecular dynamics simulations of Si etching in Cl- and Br-based plasmas: Cl+ and Br+ ion incidence in the presence of Cl and Br neutrals” [J. Appl. Phys. 118, 233304 (2015)] (2016)

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γ-Aminobutyric Acid Amides of Nortriptyline and Fluoxetine Display Improved Pain Suppressing Activity (2009)

The GABA amides of the antidepressants nortriptyline and fluoxetine, 1 and 2, were compared to their respective parent compounds in rodent models of pain. The amides significantly reduced early nociceptive and late inflammatory responses compared to nortriptyline or fluoxetine, where 1 exhibited overall better efficacy than 2. Amide 1 was most efficacious in lowering cytokine secretion, edema and hyperalgesia induced by formalin and lambda-carrageenan, respectively. Thus, 1 is a promising candidate for the treatment of pain.
Vaccination Against Marek’s Disease: Efficacy of Cell-Associated and Lyophilized Herepesvirus of Turkeys in Nine Strains of Leghorns (1977)

Females from six strains selected for high egg production and from three unselected control strains (a total of 11,000 chicks) were pedigree hatched from dams that had been vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT). On the day of hatch, each family of full sisters was divided at random into two groups, one of which was vaccinated with cell-associated HVT (C-HVT) and the other with lyophilized HVT (L-HVT). The chicks were adventitiously exposed to Marek’s disease (MD) virus and were observed to 497 days of age. A third group, consisting of 413 females of one of the unselected strains, was kept with the vaccinated chicks to 139 days of age as non-vaccinated controls. Total rearing mortality of the non-vaccinated pullets was 10.4% and rearing mortality due to MD was 5.6%. A comparison with rearing mortality in the vaccinated chickens of the same strain indicated that both C-HVT and L-HVT protected the pullets against MD. However, on an overall basis, the C-HVT vaccinated groups had a lower total laying house mortality (6.8 vs. 8.5%), laying house mortality due to MD (1.4 vs. 3.0%) and higher hen-housed egg production (246 vs. 242 eggs) than the L-HVT vaccinated groups. In one of the strains tested the L-HVT vaccinated pullets had 7% higher laying house mortality and laid a dozen eggs less than the C-HVT vaccinated pullets. This observation pointed out the dangers associated with drawing general conclusions about effectiveness of vaccines from testing only a small number of genetic stocks of chickens.
The iray light transport simulation and rendering system (2017)

While ray tracing has become increasingly common and path tracing is well understood by now, a major challenge consists of crafting an easy-to-use and efficient system implementing these technologies. Following a purely physically-based paradigm while still allowing for artistic workflows, the Iray light transport simulation and rendering system allows for rendering complex scenes by the push of a button and thus makes accurate light transport simulation widely available. We discuss the challenges and implementation choices that follow from our primary design decisions, demonstrating that such a rendering system can be made a practical, scalable, and efficient real-world application that is in use by many industry professionals today.
Polyelectrolyte microcapsules: antigen delivery vehicles for potent induction of CTL responses (131.34) (2010)

Abstract Developing effective cancer vaccines is thought to require the strong activation of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) to kill transformed cells. Initiation of such CTL responses requires DCs presenting the antigen via the MHCI route, a feature hardly achievable using soluble antigens. Internalization of particulate antigens in contrast has been shown to strongly promote MHCI mediated antigen presentation. In this study, ovalbumin (OVA) was encapsulated in polyelectrolyte microcapsules (PEM), a new class of particles allowing efficient antigen encapsulation under non-denaturing conditions. OVA-loaded PEM strongly promoted MHCI mediated OVA presentation by DCs in vitro and in vivo. Being attractive tools to enhance antigen presentation, PEM however fail to activate DCs, a prerequisite for the initiation of potent CTL responses. To cope with this issue, we coated the surface of cationic PEM with oligonucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs, which are strong activators of DCs by triggering TLR9. Co-delivery of CpG and OVA-loaded microcapsules synergistically increased the strength of the CTL response, indicated by a dramatic increase in the number of IFN-γ secreting CTLs and a strongly enhanced killing of OVA peptide-pulsed splenocytes after adoptive transfer. Finally, immunisation with CpG-modified capsules was able to confer protective immunity against a lethal challenge with the highly aggressive OVA-transduced B16 melanoma, clearly demonstrating the potential of this approach.
Folksonomication: Predicting Tags for Movies from Plot Synopses Using Emotion Flow Encoded Neural Network (2018)

Folksonomy of movies covers a wide range of heterogeneous information about movies, like the genre, plot structure, visual experiences, soundtracks, metadata, and emotional experiences from watching a movie. Being able to automatically generate or predict tags for movies can help recommendation engines improve retrieval of similar movies, and help viewers know what to expect from a movie in advance. In this work, we explore the problem of creating tags for movies from plot synopses. We propose a novel neural network model that merges information from synopses and emotion flows throughout the plots to predict a set of tags for movies. We compare our system with multiple baselines and found that the addition of emotion flows boosts the performance of the network by learning ≈18% more tags than a traditional machine learning system.