gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-speed infrared camera (1992)

We have developed a staring-mode, high-speed infrared camera based on a RCA 160×244 PtSi Schottky-barrier charge-coupled device image sensor. The camera uses a unique method to achieve greater temporal resolution of rapidly varying thermal phenomena in the 3–5 μm band. Rather than increase the imager’s frame rate, we decrease the image integration time while maintaining a frame rate that is compatible with standard RS-170 video. This technique allows us to display and record repetitive events that occur at frequencies up to 5 kHz with conventional video equipment. In this article we describe the theory and operation of this system.
A New Class of Autopoietic and Cognitive Machines (2021)

Making computing machines mimic living organisms has captured the imagination of many since the dawn of digital computers. However, today’s artificial intelligence technologies fall short in replicating even the basic autopoietic and cognitive behaviors found in primitive biological systems. According Charles Darwin, the difference in mind between humans and the higher animals, great as it is, certainly is one of degree and not of kind. Autopoiesis refers to the behavior of a system that replicates itself and maintains its own identity and stability while facing fluctuations caused by external influences. Cognitive behaviors model the system’s state, sense internal and external changes, analyze, predict and take action to mitigate any risk to its functional fulfilment. How did intelligence evolve? what is the relationship between the mind and body? Answers to these questions should guide us to infuse autopoietic and cognitive behaviors into digital machines. In this paper we use recent advances in our understanding of general theory of information, and the role of structures in managing the transformations between information and knowledge to pave the path to infuse autopoietic and cognitive functions into digital computing and build a new class of intelligent machines going beyond the current state of the art.
Study of hadronic five-body decays of charmed mesons (2003)

We study the decay of D+ and D+s mesons into charged five-body final states, and report the discovery of the decay mode D+→K+K−π+π+π−, as well as measurements of the decay modes D+→K−π+π+π+π−, Ds+→K+K−π+π+π−, Ds+→φπ+π+π− and D+/Ds+→π+π+π+π−π−. An analysis of the resonant substructure for D+→K−π+π+π+π− and Ds+→K+K−π+π+π− is included, with an indication that both decays proceed primarily through an a1 vector resonance.
Web Service Dependency Discovery Tool for SOA Management (2007)

In this paper we identify the importance of the problem of discovering dynamic dependencies among Web services. The approach we take is to automate the identification of traces of dependent messages, based on the correlation of messages exchanged among services. We infer service dependencies based on the correlated message traces.
Latent state models of primary user behavior for opportunistic spectrum access (2009)

Opportunistic spectrum access, where cognitive radio devices detect available unused radio channels and exploit them for communication, avoiding collisions with existing users of the channels, is a central topic of research for future wireless communication. When each device has limited resources to sense which channels are available, the task becomes a reinforcement learning problem that has been studied with partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). However, current POMDP solutions are based on simplistic representations where channels are simply on/off (transmitting or idle). We show that more complicated Markov models where on/off states are part of complicated behavior of the channel owner (primary user) yield better POMDPs achieving more successful transmissions and less collisions.
Allylboration of carbonyl compounds in ionic liquids (2002)

Room-temperature ionic liquids are suitable reaction media for the allylboration of carbonyl compounds. A wide variety of aldehydes and ketones react with allyldiisopropoxyborane in butylmethylimidazolium bromide at room temperature to yield homoallyic alcohols.
Influence of the Nature of the Ligands on the Electronic Ground State of Organouranium(V) Compounds, Studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (1997)

Organouranium(V) amide compounds were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance in frozen solution. Their g-tensors were quantitatively interpreted by assuming that dialkylamide, C(8)H(8), C(5)H(5), C(5)Me(5), and THF ligands interact only weakly with 5f orbitals of the central U(V) atom, so that the total angular momentum J = 5/2 remains a good quantum number for the description of the electronic ground state of these complexes (weak-field approximation). In the absence of THF ligands, the ground state is predominantly made of |M(J)()| = (1)/(2) states, with a significant admixture of |M(J)()| = (5)/(2) states independent of the symmetry of the complex. Thus 5f orbitals are essentially nonbonding, and the metal ligand bonding should involve mainly uranium 6d orbitals. A THF ligand induces a significant admixture of |M(J)()| = (3)/(2) states. Substitution of amide ligands by alkoxide ligands is characterized by strong U(V)(5f)-OR interactions, which breaks the weak-field approximation. This sensitivity to oxygen ligands indicates that 5f orbitals contribute to the U(V)-oxygen bonding.
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures (2017)

Raman scattering is a powerful probe of local bonding, strain, temperature, and other properties of materials via their influence on vibrational modes or optical phonons. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), in which plasmonic modes are excited at the apex of a metal-coated scanning probe tip, enables Raman scattering signals to be detected from nanoscale volumes with precise positional control. We discuss the application of TERS to characterize a variety of semiconductor nanostructures. In studies of Ge-SiGe core-shell nanowires, we measure spatially resolved Raman spectra along the length of a tapered nanowire to demonstrate the ability to measure local strain distributions with nanoscale spatial resolution. In tip-induced resonant Raman spectroscopy of monolayer and bilayer MoS<sub>2</sub>, we observe large enhancements in Raman signal levels measured for MoS<sub>2</sub> associated with excitation of plasmonic gap modes between an Au-coated probe tip and Au substrate surface onto which MoS<sub>2</sub> has been transferred. Transitions in B exciton photoluminescence intensity between monolayer and bilayer regions of MoS<sub>2</sub> are observed and discussed. Significant differences in nanoscale Raman spectra between monolayer and bilayer MoS<sub>2</sub> are also observed. The origins of specific resonant Raman peaks, their dependence on Mo<sub>S</sub>2 layer thickness, and spatial resolution associated with the transition in Raman spectra between monolayer and bilayer regions are described.
Novel through-silicon via technologies for 3D system integration (2013)

To circumvent the performance and energy bottlenecks due to interconnects, novel interconnect solutions are needed both at the package and die levels. This paper reports (1) novel photodefined polymer-embedded vias within silicon interposers for improved through-silicon via insertion loss, and (2) ultrahigh density low-capacitance nanoscale TSVs with 100 nm diameter and 20:1 aspect ratio for fine-grain 3D IC implementation.
The Clavicle Continues to Grow during Adolescence and Early Adulthood (2020)

We found substantial clavicular growth potential after age 18 years, when growth is thought to be nearly finished, as well as remodeling potential even up to age 25 years. Further research is needed, but our findings suggest that strategies for managing clavicle fracture in adults may not be applied universally to adolescents and young adults.
Twisted Thiophene-Based Chromophores with Enhanced Intramolecular Charge Transfer for Cooperative Amplification of Third-Order Optical Nonlinearity (2016)

Exploiting synergistic cooperation between multiple sources of optical nonlinearity, we report the design, synthesis, and nonlinear optical properties of a series of electron-rich thiophene-containing donor-acceptor chromophores with condensed π-systems and sterically regulated inter-aryl twist angles. These structures couple two key mechanisms underlying optical nonlinearity, namely, (i) intramolecular charge transfer, greatly enhanced by increased electron density and reduced aromaticity at chromophore thiophene rings and (ii) a twisted chromophore geometry, producing a manifold of close-lying excited states and dipole moment changes between ground and excited states that are nearly twice that of untwisted systems. Spectroscopic, electrochemical, and nonlinear Z-scan measurements, combined with quantum chemical calculations, illuminate relationships between molecular structure and mechanisms of enhancement of the nonlinear refractive index. Experiment and calculations together reveal ground-state structures that are strongly responsive to the solvent polarity, leading to substantial negative solvatochromism (Δλ ≈ 10(2) nm) and prevailing zwitterionic/aromatic structures in the solid state and in polar solvents. Ground-to-excited-state energy gaps below 2.0 eV are obtained in condensed π-systems, with lower energy gaps for twisted versus untwisted systems. The real part of the second hyperpolarizability in the twisted structures is much greater than the imaginary part, with the highest twist angle chromophore giving |Re(γ)/Im(γ)| ≈ 100, making such chromophores very promising for all-optical-switching applications.
The use of copper-lowering therapy with tetrathiomolybdate in medicine (2008)

TM has excellent efficacy and acceptable toxicity for the initial treatment of neurologically presenting Wilson's disease. TM has excellent efficacy in animal models of fibrotic, inflammatory, autoimmune, and neoplastic diseases, as well as Alzheimer's disease models.
Catalyst Nuclearity Effects on Stereo- and Regioinduction in Pyridylamidohafnium-Catalyzed Propylene and 1-Octene Polymerizations (2018)

In comparison to monometallic controls, bimetallic olefin polymerization catalysts often exhibit superior performance in terms of higher polyolefin Mw, higher comonomer incorporation, and higher polar comonomer tolerance. However, using cooperating catalyst centers to modulate stereoselectivity in α-olefin polymerizations is relatively unexplored. In this contribution, the monometallic Hf(IV) complex, L1-HfMe2 (catalyst A, L1 = 2,6-diisopropyl-N-{(2-isopropylphenyl)[6-(naphthalen-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}aniline), and homo-bimetallic Hf(IV) complexes, L2-Hf2Me5 (catalyst B) and L2-Hf2Me4 (catalyst C) (L2 = N,N′-{[naphthalene-1,4-diylbis(pyridine-6,2-diyl)]bis[(2-isopropylphenyl)methylene)]bis(2,6-diisopropylaniline}), are activated with Ph3C+B(C6F5)4– and investigated in propylene and 1-octene homopolymerizations. In propylene polymerizations, the conformationally flexible catalyst B-derived bimetallic dicationic catalyst produces higher Mw polypropylene (up to 7.8×), higher total stereo- and regiodefect densities (up to 3.5×), and lower Tm (by as much as ∼14 °C) versus the monometallic catalyst A-derived control. In 1-octene polymerizations, the conformationally flexible catalyst B-derived bimetallic dicationic catalyst induces greatly reduced isotacticity (23% reduction in [mmmm]) versus the catalyst A-derived monometallic control ([mmmm] > 99%). Interestingly, conformationally flexible catalyst B-derived cationic bimetallic Hf catalysts are also known to undergo rapid intramolecular/intermetal methyl exchange and to exhibit strong Hf···Hf cooperative enchainment effects in ethylene homo- and copolymerizations. Steric effects and intramolecular intermetal chain transfer likely both contribute to the increased isotactic polyolefin stereo- and regiodefect content.
On the Optimal SINR in Random Access Networks with Spatial Reuse (2006)

In this paper we consider a simple model for a homogeneous random access system with spatial reuse. Our aim is to obtain insight into how physical layer parameters should be determined in order to maximize the total throughput-distance per unit area. In an infinitely dense network, we find that the optimal SINR threshold is asymptotically zero. Furthermore, we find that the optimal distance between transmitter and receiver is asymptotically non-zero. For finitely dense networks, we find that the optimal SINR threshold for packet detection is considerably smaller than that used in many current systems, and that the optimal distance between transmitters and intended receivers is larger than would be expected from prevailing conventional wisdom. These result suggest that the throughput performance of current systems may be improved by operating at lower values of SINR.
Vision in the common bed bug C imex lectularius L . ( H emiptera: C imicidae): eye morphology and spectral sensitivity (2016)

Bed bugs as pests of public health importance recently experienced a resurgence in populations throughout the U.S. and other countries. Consequently, recent research efforts have focused on improving understanding of bed bug physiology and behaviour to improve management. While few studies have investigated the visual capabilities of bed bugs, the present study focused specifically on eye morphology and spectral sensitivity. A 3-D imaging technique was used to document bed bug eye morphology from the first instar through adult and revealed morphological characteristics that differentiate the common bed bug from the tropical bed bug as well as sex-specific differences. Electrophysiological measurements were used to evaluate the spectral sensitivity of adult bed bugs. Male bed bugs were more responsive than females at some wavelengths. Electrophysiological studies provided evidence for at least one photoreceptor with a spectral sensitivity curve peak in the green (λ<sub>max</sub> 520 nm) region of the spectrum. The broadened long wavelength portion of the spectral sensitivity curve may potentially indicate another photoreceptor in the yellow-green (λ<sub>max</sub> 550 nm) portion of the spectrum or screening pigments. Understanding more about bed bug visual biology is vital for designing traps, which are an important component of integrated bed bug management.
The role of CD4+ T cells in immunity to malaria sporozoites. (1993)

BALB/c mice are strongly protected against malaria after immunization with Plasmodium yoelii (PY) sporozoites, and this is an important model for malaria vaccine development in humans. This paper explores the role of CD4+ cells in the induction of the antimalarial immune response. The method used has been to treat animals with anti-CD4 mAb before immunization, resulting in a profound depletion of CD4+ T cells. The primary finding is that mice are not protected by sporozoite immunization after depletion of CD4+ cells. Such mice make little antibody to malaria sporozoite Ag, showing the strong T-cell dependence of these humoral responses. However, infusion of hyperimmune serum does not restore immunity to anti-CD4 treated animals. Neither does injection of exogenous IL-2 compensate for the absence of CD4+ cells. However, regrowth of CD4+ cells does allow successful immunization of animals, showing that long-term suppression against malaria Ag has not been induced by immunization in the absence of CD4+ cells. It is thought that infiltrating CD8+ T cells are critical effector cells against PY parasites in the pre-erythrocytic stages. Mice immunized while depleted of CD4+ cells have normal numbers of CD8+ T cells infiltrating their livers. In addition, they have normal numbers of splenic CD8+ CTL directed at the PY circumsporozoite protein. Thus, it appears that although CD8+ cells have been activated in the absence of CD4+ cells, they cannot protect mice against malaria. We conclude that a successful vaccine against the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria must activate both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
Comparison of human psychology for real and virtual mobile manipulators (2006)

When robots coexisting with humans are designed, it is important to evaluate psychological influence of shape, size and motion of the robots on the humans. For this purpose, an evaluation system of human psychology for coexisting robots using virtual reality is discussed. Virtual (CG) robots are visually presented to a human subject using CAVE system. The subject answers questionnaire about his impression on the robots and their motions, and his psychological state is evaluated. In the present paper, whether humans have similar impressions and feelings for real and virtual robots is investigated. Real and virtual mobile manipulators reach for subjects and pass nearby them. In both situations, the same motion patterns by these robots are presented to the subjects and psychologically evaluated by questionnaire. As the comparison results of this experiment, the subjects had similar feelings for the real and virtual robots.
Fabrication of a stable inorganic–organic hybrid multilayer film with uniform and dense inorganic nanoparticle depositionElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: IR-ERS spectra of 8 deposition cycles of DR and PSS-coated ZrO2 on silicon wafer. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b3/b300581j/ (2003)

A stable inorganic-organic hybrid multilayer film with homogeneous and dense inorganic nanoparticle deposition was constructed by coating ZrO2 nanoparticles with poly(4-sodium styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and irradiating multilayer film assembled from PSS-coated ZrO2 nanoparticles and a diazo-resin (DR).
Engineering of chimeric polyketide synthases using SYNZIP docking domains (2018)

Abstract Engineering of assembly line polyketide synthases (PKSs) to produce novel bioactive compounds has been a goal for over twenty years. The apparent modularity of PKSs has inspired many engineering attempts in which entire modules or single domains were exchanged. In recent years, it has become evident that certain domain-domain interactions are evolutionarily optimized, and if disrupted, cause a decrease of the overall turnover rate of the chimeric PKS. In this study, we compared different types of chimeric PKSs in order to define the least invasive interface and to expand the toolbox for PKS engineering. We generated bimodular chimeric PKSs in which entire modules were exchanged, while either retaining a covalent linker between heterologous modules or introducing a non-covalent docking domain- or SYNZIP domain-mediated interface. These chimeric systems exhibited non-native domain-domain interactions during intermodular polyketide chain translocation. They were compared to otherwise equivalent bimodular PKSs in which a non-covalent interface was introduced between the condensing and processing parts of a module, resulting in non-native domain interactions during the extender unit acylation and polyketide chain elongation steps of their catalytic cycles. We show that the natural PKS docking domains can be efficiently substituted with SYNZIP domains and that the newly introduced non-covalent interface between the condensing and processing parts of a module can be harnessed for PKS engineering. Additionally, we established SYNZIP domains as a new tool for engineering PKSs by efficiently bridging non-native interfaces without perturbing PKS activity.
Conservation of Gene Function in the Solanaceae as Revealed by Comparative Mapping of Domestication Traits in Eggplant (2002)

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for domestication-related traits were identified in an interspecific F(2) population of eggplant (Solanum linnaeanum x S. melongena). Although 62 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified in two locations, most of the dramatic phenotypic differences in fruit weight, shape, color, and plant prickliness that distinguish cultivated eggplant from its wild relative could be attributed to six loci with major effects. Comparison of the genomic locations of the eggplant fruit weight, fruit shape, and color QTL with the positions of similar loci in tomato, potato, and pepper revealed that 40% of the different loci have putative orthologous counterparts in at least one of these other crop species. Overall, the results suggest that domestication of the Solanaceae has been driven by mutations in a very limited number of target loci with major phenotypic effects, that selection pressures were exerted on the same loci despite the crops' independent domestications on different continents, and that the morphological diversity of these four crops can be explained by divergent mutations at these loci.
Intestinal α1-2-Fucosylation Contributes to Obesity and Steatohepatitis in Mice (2021)

α1-2-fucosylation is an important host-derived regulator of intestinal microbiota and plays an important role for the pathogenesis of obesity and steatohepatitis in mice.
Interference experiments with antibunched light (1986)

Experiments in which antibunched photoelectron events are produced by means of photoelectron event-triggered optical shutters have been reported recently from this laboratory.1,2 In one such arrangement the shutter is positioned in a beam of UV light incident on a nonlinear crystal.
Laboratory Evaluation of Battlefield Tourniquets in Human Volunteers (2005)

Abstract : Objective: To screen currently available commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) tourniquets for effectiveness in human volunteers. Methods: Seven potential battlefield tourniquets were tested for efficacy (elimination of distal Doppler pulse) in the leg (Experiment I; n=18). Those found to be effective in = 80% of subjects in Experiment I were tested on the arm (Experiment II; n=12). Results: Experiment I: Three of the seven tourniquets tested on the thigh were effective in 100% of the subjects tested; a fourth was effective 100% of the time when applied to the arm. Reasons for failure in either test included the inability to occlude arterial flow due to: mechanical limitations (design or construction), circumferential pain, and skin pinching. Conclusion: The Emergency Military Tourniquet(Trademark) (Delfi Medical Innovations, Inc.); the Combat Application Tourniquet (Phil Durango LLC); and the Special Operations Force Tactical Tourniquet (Tactical Medical Solutions LLC) were all found to be 100% effective on both the arm and leg in the laboratory environment. Suitability for battlefield use remains to be determined based 011 field testing.