gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure−Function Correlation of Chloroquine and Analogues as Transgene Expression Enhancers in Nonviral Gene Delivery (2006)

To understand how chloroquine (CQ) enhances transgene expression in polycation-based, nonviral gene delivery systems, a number of CQ analogues with variations in the aliphatic amino side chain or in the aromatic ring are synthesized and investigated. Our studies indicate that the aliphatic amino moiety of CQ is essential to provide increased gene expression. Further, the enhancements are more dramatically affected by changes to the aromatic ring and are positively correlated to the strength of intercalation between DNA and the CQ analogues. Quinacrine (QC), a CQ analogue with a fused acridinyl structure that can strongly intercalate DNA, enhances transfection similarly to CQ at a concentration 10 times lower, while N(4)-(4-pyridinyl)-N(1),N(1)-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine (CP), a CQ analogue that has a weakly intercalating pyridinyl ring, shows no effect on gene expression. Subtle change on the 7-substituent of the chloroquine aromatic structure can also greatly affect the ability of the CQ analogues to enhance transgene expression. Transfection in the presence of N(4)-(7-trifluoromethyl-4-quinolinyl)-N(1),N(1)-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamin e (CQ7a) shows expression efficiency 10 times higher than in the presence of CQ at same concentration, while transfection in the presence of N(4)-(4-quinolinyl)-N(1),N(1)-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine (CQ7b) does not reveal any enhancing effects on expression. Through a number of comparative studies with CQ and its analogues, we conclude that there are at least three mechanistic features of CQ that lead to the enhancement in gene expression: (i) pH buffering in endocytic vesicles, (ii) displacement of polycations from the nucleic acids in polyplexes, and (iii) alteration of the biophysical properties of the released nucleic acid.
Laser-Induced Tar-Mediated Sintering of Metals and Refractory Carbides in Air (2020)

Refractory metals and their carbides possess extraordinary chemical and temperature resilience and exceptional mechanical strength. Yet, they are notoriously difficult to employ in additive manufacturing, due to the high temperatures needed for processing. State of the art approaches to manufacture these materials generally require either a high-energy laser or electron beam as well as ventilation to protect the metal powder from combustion. Here, we present a versatile manufacturing process that utilizes tar as both a light absorber and antioxidant binder to sinter thin films of aluminum, copper, nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten powder using a low power (<2W) CO<sub>2</sub> laser in air. Films of sintered Al/Cu/Ni metals have sheet resistances of ∼10<sup>-1</sup> ohm/sq, while laser-sintered Mo/W-tar thin films form carbide phases. Several devices are demonstrated, including laser-sintered porous copper with a stable response to large strain (3.0) after 150 cycles, and a laserprocessed Mo/MoC<sub>(1-<i>x</i>)</sub> filament that reaches <i>T</i> ∼1000 °C in open air at 12 V. These results show that tar-mediated laser sintering represents a possible low energy, cost-effective route for engineering refractory materials and one that can easily be extended to additive manufacturing processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternative Synthesis of 6‐(3‐Methoxybenzyl)pyrazin‐2(1H)‐one. Synthesis of Indeno(1,2‐b)pyrazin‐2‐ones. Crystal Structures of 5‐ Acetoxy‐1‐benzyl‐4‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl‐6‐(3‐methoxybenzylidene) piperazin‐2‐one, 1‐Benzyl‐4‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl‐7‐methoxy‐1,3,4,4a‐ tetrahydroindeno(1,2‐b)pyrazin‐2‐one, and 1‐Benzyl‐4‐tert‐ butoxycarbonyl‐7‐methoxy‐1,3,4,9‐tetrahydroindeno(1,2‐b)pyrazin‐2‐one. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Acrylonitrile copolymers using the cobalt acetylacetonate-triethylaluminum initiator system. 3. Monomer sequence distributions (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcrylonitrile copolymers using the cobalt acetylacetonate-triethylaluminum initiator system. 3. Monomer sequence distributionsN. Kalyanam, V. G. Gandhi, S. Sivaram, and I. S. BhardwajCite this: Macromolecules 1982, 15, 6, 1636–1638Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00234a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00234a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Guiding Language Models of Code with Global Context using Monitors (2023)

Language models of code (LMs) work well when the surrounding code provides sufficient context. This is not true when it becomes necessary to use types, functionality or APIs defined elsewhere in the repository or a linked library, especially those not seen during training. LMs suffer from limited awareness of such global context and end up hallucinating. Integrated development environments (IDEs) assist developers in understanding repository context using static analysis. We extend this assistance, enjoyed by developers, to LMs. We propose monitor-guided decoding (MGD) where a monitor uses static analysis to guide the decoding. We construct a repository-level dataset PragmaticCode for method-completion in Java and evaluate MGD on it. On models of varying parameter scale, by monitoring for type-consistent object dereferences, MGD consistently improves compilation rates and agreement with ground truth. Further, LMs with fewer parameters, when augmented with MGD, can outperform larger LMs. With MGD, SantaCoder-1.1B achieves better compilation rate and next-identifier match than the much larger text-davinci-003 model. We also conduct a generalizability study to evaluate the ability of MGD to generalize to multiple programming languages (Java, C# and Rust), coding scenarios (e.g., correct number of arguments to method calls), and to enforce richer semantic constraints (e.g., stateful API protocols). Our data and implementation are available at https://github.com/microsoft/monitors4codegen .
Policy routing architecture for IP flow mobility in 3GPP's Evolved Packet Core (2010)

The 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> Generation Partnership Project is specifying solutions for IP flow mobility, which enable IP data flows being routed between a mobile terminal and the infrastructure via a 3GPP and non-3GPP access systems, e.g. over LTE and WLAN. Connectivity via the different access systems is provided based on the concept of a shared single Packet Data Network connection. In order to enable IP flow mobility, the mobile terminal must be able to identify individual data flows and take routing decisions in the uplink. The mobile terminal's mobility anchor, the PDN Gateway, in the Evolved Packet Core requires the equivalent functionality for the downlink. Synchronization and dynamic changes in these flow routing policies, either initiated by the mobile terminal or the mobile operator, entail technical challenges in particular for network-based mobility management according to the Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol, which does not consider mobility-related signaling between a mobile terminal and the network infrastructure. This paper proposes a solution for IP flow mobility, which re-uses the Policy and Charging Control system of the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> Generation Partnership Project's packet core. The flexibility and efficiency of the proposed Routing Policy Configuration Application Function, which represents an integral part of the Policy and Charging Control system, is analyzed and discussed based on existing and new use cases.
Almost optimal classical approximation algorithms for a quantum generalization of Max-Cut (2019)

Approximation algorithms for constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) are a central direction of study in theoretical computer science. In this work, we study classical product state approximation algorithms for a physically motivated quantum generalization of Max-Cut, known as the quantum Heisenberg model. This model is notoriously difficult to solve exactly, even on bipartite graphs, in stark contrast to the classical setting of Max-Cut. Here we show, for any interaction graph, how to classically and efficiently obtain approximation ratios 0.649 (anti-ferromagnetic XY model) and 0.498 (anti-ferromagnetic Heisenberg XYZ model). These are almost optimal; we show that the best possible ratios achievable by a product state for these models is 2/3 and 1/2, respectively.
Reliability of SiC power devices and its influence on their commercialization - review, status, and remaining issues (2010)

The following paper will give an overview about the main reliability aspects of silicon carbide power devices. After a brief review of the key device concepts it covers reliability topics of bipolar devices, Schottky diodes, metal oxide semiconductor field effect devices, and junction field effect devices. Special attention is paid to the influence of the different reliability topics on the commercialization of the different device types. It will be shown that for some device types the reliability is at a very high level being not hampering commercialization (e.g. Schottky diodes or junction field effect devices) whereas other devices concepts still need improvement until commercialization (e.g. bipolar devices).
Large field-of-view tiled grating structures for X-ray phase-contrast imaging (2017)

X-ray grating-based interferometry promises unique new diagnostic possibilities in medical imaging and materials analysis. To transfer this method from scientific laboratories or small-animal applications to clinical radiography applications, compact setups with a large field of view (FoV) are required. Currently the FoV is limited by the grating area, which is restricted due to the complex manufacturing process. One possibility to increase the FoV is tiling individual grating tiles to create one large area grating mounted on a carrier substrate. We investigate theoretically the accuracy needed for a tiling process in all degrees of freedom by applying a simulation approach. We show how the resulting precision requirements can be met using a custom-built frame for exact positioning. Precise alignment is achieved by comparing the fringe patterns of two neighboring grating tiles in a grating interferometer. With this method, the FoV can be extended to practically any desired length in one dimension. First results of a phase-contrast scanning setup with a full FoV of 384 mm × 24 mm show the suitability of this method.
A fully state- and angle-resolved study of the H+HD→D+H2 reaction: Comparison of a molecular beam experiment to ab initio quantum reaction dynamics (2002)

We present the results of a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the reaction dynamics of the H+HD→D+H2 chemical reaction. The experiment was performed using a crossed molecular beam apparatus that employed the Rydberg-atom time-of-flight detection scheme for the product D atom. The photolysis of a HI precursor molecule produced a beam source of hot H atoms, which, when crossed with a cold HD beam, yielded two well-defined center-of-mass collision energies, EC=0.498 and 1.200 eV. The resolution of the experiment was sufficient to allow the measurement of the rovibrationally state-resolved differential cross section from the ground state of the HD reagent. The reaction was modeled theoretically using a converged coupled channel scattering calculation employing the BKMP2 potential energy surface: The S matrix was computed on a grid of 56 energies in the range EC=0.245–1.551 eV. It is found that the experimental and theoretical state-to-state differential cross sections are in quantitative agreement at the two experimental energies. The geometric phase, which was not included in the calculation, is apparently not required at the energies considered. The spin statistics for the two identical protons is observed to have a dramatic effect on the rotational distribution of H2 products, giving rise to a saw-toothed distribution with odd-j′&amp;gt;even-j′. The differential cross section for several of the product states exhibited a dramatic forward peak that may be the signature of trapped quantum states near the saddle point. A detailed analysis of the reaction attributes is presented based on the energy dependence of the computed S matrix.
Prototyping Faithful Execution in a Java virtual machine. (2003)

This report presents the implementation of a stateless scheme for Faithful Execution, the design for which is presented in a companion report, ''Principles of Faithful Execution in the Implementation of Trusted Objects'' (SAND 2003-2328). We added a simple cryptographic capability to an already simplified class loader and its associated Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to provide a byte-level implementation of Faithful Execution. The extended class loader and JVM we refer to collectively as the Sandia Faithfully Executing Java architecture (or JavaFE for short). This prototype is intended to enable exploration of more sophisticated techniques which we intend to implement in hardware.
Bounded Integration in Parietal Cortex Underlies Decisions Even When Viewing Duration Is Dictated by the Environment (2008)

Decisions about sensory stimuli are often based on an accumulation of evidence in time. When subjects control stimulus duration, the decision terminates when the accumulated evidence reaches a criterion level. Under many natural circumstances and in many laboratory settings, the environment, rather than the subject, controls the stimulus duration. In these settings, it is generally assumed that subjects commit to a choice at the end of the stimulus stream. Indeed, failure to benefit from the full stream of information is interpreted as a sign of imperfect accumulation or memory leak. Contrary to these assumptions, we show that monkeys performing a direction discrimination task commit to a choice when the accumulated evidence reaches a threshold level (or bound), sometimes long before the end of stimulus. This bounded accumulation of evidence is reflected in the activity of neurons in the lateral intraparietal cortex. Thus, the readout of visual cortex embraces a termination rule to limit processing even when potentially useful information is available.
A Non-intrusive Multi-tenant Database Software for Large Scale SaaS Application (2011)

Multi-tenant is a key characteristic for cost effective Software as a Service (SaaS) applications which drive down total cost of ownership for both service consumers and providers. This paper describes our research in designing & building a cost-effective, secure, customizable, scalable and non-intrusive multi-tenant database which greatly accelerates the migration and development of SaaS applications. We analyze the requirements and gaps in traditional database when supporting SaaS scenario, and then propose a novel nonintrusive multi-tenant database framework to address these challenges. Some key considerations and different implementation approaches in designing and implementation such a framework are discussed and compared. This paper also identifies some potential database performance optimization approaches in the multi-tenant scenario.
Wurtzite phase control of self-assisted GaAs nanowires by molecular beam epitaxy (2021)

International audience
Towards a parallel debugging framework for the massively multi-threaded, step-synchronous REPLICA architecture (2013)

Modern chip-multiprocessors pack an increasing amount of computational cores with each generation. Along with new computational power comes a problem of managing a large pool of active threads. Traditional debuggers often deal with concurrency style multi-threading with emphasis on a single thread. The problem of thread management when debugging parallel programs is analyzed and solutions are suggested. A related debugging framework for the massively multi-threaded, synchronous REPLICA architecture is proposed.
LookPoint (2006)

We present LookPoint, a system that uses eye input for switching input between multiple computing devices. LookPoint uses an eye tracker to detect which screen the user is looking at, and then automatically routes mouse and keyboard input to the computer associated with that screen. We evaluated the use of eye input for switching between three computer monitors during a typing task, comparing its performance with that of three other selection techniques: multiple keyboards, function key selection, and mouse selection. Results show that the use of eye input is 111% faster than the mouse, 75% faster than function keys, and 37% faster than the use of multiple keyboards. A user satisfaction questionnaire showed that participants also preferred the use of eye input over other three techniques. The implications of this work are discussed, as well as future calibration-free implementations.
Mechatronics - "What Is It, Why, and How?" An editorial (1996)

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the new publication of the IEEE/ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS. This TRANSACTIONS is published quarterly from this premiere issue in 1996 as a joint publication of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society, and the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Division, aiming at establishing a high-quality archival journal which represents stme of the art of mechatronics, its recent advances, and practical applications. Many of you are quite familiar with the basic concepts and commercial products utilizing the control of mechanical systems in conjunction with modern electronics technology. The word "Mechatronics" is a new word for the blending of mechanics and electronics invented in Japan at the end of the 1960's. Yaskawa Electric Company once commercially registered the word "Mechatronics," which is now freely used by anyone [1]. In this editorial, we look back at the history of mechatronics, project it into the future, and state the scope and direction of this new journal.
Improvement of the sputtered platinum utilization in proton exchange membrane fuel cells using plasma-based carbon nanofibres (2008)

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are complex nanostructures containing a catalyst (usually platinum), proton and electron conductors and pores. Their electrode performance is strongly influenced by the size, the repartition and the orientation of the nanoseparated materials used and the pores. This paper investigates the electrical performance achieved by three designs of plasma-prepared Pt/C electrodes with low Pt loadings (from 0.01 to 0.1 mg Pt cm-2). A plasma sputtering process was used for the synthesis of Pt nano-clusters in three different microporous supports: a single oriented layer based on aligned carbon nanofibres (CNFs, custom-made by plasma), a single convoluted layer based on Vulcan carbon particles (LT1600, known as a gas diffusion layer - GDL) or a double layer composed of CNFs covering a GDL. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were prepared by hot-pressing one of these three electrodes with a commercial electrode (0.5 mgPt cm -2) and a commercial Nafion 115 membrane, and compared with a reference MEA (from Electrochem Inc. with a Pt loading per electrode of 0.5 mgPt cm-2 and a maximum power density of 425 mW cm -2). The cathodic Pt utilization efficiency in the best performing plasma-prepared cathode (based on the double layer GDL/CNF) with a Pt loading of 0.1 mgPt cm-2 is 3.6 times higher than that measured for the commercial cathode (3.1 versus ). On the anode side, the three designs of plasma-prepared electrodes with 0.01 mgPt cm-2 lead to similar MEA performance than a commercial electrode at high backpressure (3 bar). At a lower backpressure, the GDL/CNF electrode is the best performing plasma-prepared anode.
Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibits Transcriptional Activity of the Porcine P-45011A Insulin-like Growth Factor Response Element (1996)

We investigated the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) on the transcriptional activity of the porcine P-45011A (P450scc) insulin-like growth factor response element (IGFRE). TNFalpha inhibited insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-stimulated P450scc mRNA concentrations in cultures of porcine granulosa cells. Transient transfection experiments in granulosa cells with deletion P450scc/luciferase constructs showed that TNFalpha inhibited the transcriptional activity of the IGFRE. IGF-I binding and IGF-I receptor mRNA concentrations in porcine granulosa cells were not inhibited by TNFalpha. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay with nuclear extract protein from porcine granulosa cells treated with IGF-I and TNFalpha showed that Sp1 and a second transcription factor, P2, bound to the IGFRE. While IGF-I treatment increased the binding activity of both factors, TNFalpha specifically inhibited the IGF-I-stimulated binding activity of P2. Transient transfection studies done in mouse fibroblasts overexpressing the IGF-I receptor (NWTb3) with the porcine IGFRE (three repeats) in an SV40/luciferase construct also showed TNFalpha inhibited IGF-I-stimulated reporter gene expression. We conclude that TNFalpha inhibits the transcriptional activity of the porcine P450scc IGFRE by preventing IGF-I-stimulated binding of P2.
Model based iterative reconstruction for Bright Field electron tomography (2013)

Bright Field (BF) electron tomography (ET) has been widely used in the life sciences to characterize biological specimens in 3D. While BF-ET is the dominant modality in the life sciences it has been generally avoided in the physical sciences due to anomalous measurements in the data due to a phenomenon called “Bragg scatter” - visible when crystalline samples are imaged. These measurements cause undesirable artifacts in the reconstruction when the typical algorithms such as Filtered Back Projection (FBP) and Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique (SIRT) are applied to the data. Model based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) provides a powerful framework for tomographic reconstruction that incorporates a model for data acquisition, noise in the measurement and a model for the object to obtain reconstructions that are qualitatively superior and quantitatively accurate. In this paper we present a novel MBIR algorithm for BF-ET which accounts for the presence of anomalous measurements from Bragg scatter in the data during the iterative reconstruction. Our method accounts for the anomalies by formulating the reconstruction as minimizing a cost function which rejects measurements that deviate significantly from the typical Beer’s law model widely assumed for BF-ET. Results on simulated as well as real data show that our method can dramatically improve the reconstructions compared to FBP and MBIR without anomaly rejection, suppressing the artifacts due to the Bragg anomalies.