gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thiostrepton, an Inhibitor of50SRibosome Subunit Function (1970)

incorporation bya polyU-directed extractof Escherichia coli. Extracts ofE.coliwhich are pretreated byincubation withthiostrepton cannotbereactivated bydialysis tomore than5% oftheir former activity. The50Sribosome subunit appearstobethesite ofthiostrepton action, since proteinsynthesizing activity canberestored todialyzed pretreated extracts bysupplementation with50Sribosome subunits butnotwith30Sribosome subunits. Thistechnique alsoprovides a simple sensitive methodfordetection ofthebiological activity of verysmall amountsof50Sribosome subunits. Thiostrepton (synonym forbryamycin) isa peptide antibiotic whichprimarily inhibits grampositive organisms. Recent results ofchemical and X-raycrystallographic studies on thiostrepton havebeenreported, respectively, byAnderson etal.(1)andbyBodanszky etal.(la). Manyof theknownchemical, physical, andstructural properties ofthis antibiotic havebeensummarized byUmezawaetal.(8).
Efficient Space Skipping and Adaptive Sampling of Unstructured Volumes Using Hardware Accelerated Ray Tracing (2019)

Sample based ray marching is an effective method for direct volume rendering of unstructured meshes. However, sampling such meshes remains expensive, and strategies to reduce the number of samples taken have received relatively little attention. In this paper, we introduce a method for rendering unstructured meshes using a combination of a coarse spatial acceleration structure and hardware-accelerated ray tracing. Our approach enables efficient empty space skipping and adaptive sampling of unstructured meshes, and outperforms a reference ray marcher by up to 7×.
A wide range of sensitivities to androgens develops in cloned shionogi mouse mammary tumor cells (1986)

Clones obtained in soft agar from a Shionogi mouse mammary carcinoma show marked heterogeneity of growth characteristics and sensitivities to androgens. These data pertain to spontaneous growth in the absence of androgens, maximal response to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and Km values of the stimulatory action of DHT ranging from 0.008 to 10 ng/ml (1,250-fold range). Following 13 months in culture in the presence of 10 nM DHT, recloning of one original cell clone led to an even greater variation of androgen-free growth and of the maximal responses to DHT, while the Km values of DHT action ranged from 0.05 to 10 nM (200-fold range). The present demonstration of a marked heterogeneity of Km values of DHT action in subpopulations of tumors grown in a controlled environment has major implications for the efficient antihormonal treatment of androgen-sensitive diseases such as prostate cancer. Such data indicate that cell clones having a high degree of sensitivity to DHT (androgen-hypersensitive) can continue to grow in the presence of castration levels of androgens, thus suggesting that an antiandrogen is required in order to achieve a more complete androgen blockage and to induce a regression of these androgen-hypersensitive tumors.
Minimal input selection for robust control (2017)

This paper studies the problem of selecting a minimum-size set of input nodes to guarantee stability of a networked system in the presence of uncertainties and time delays. Current approaches to input selection in networked dynamical systems focus on nominal systems with known parameter values in the absence of delays. We derive sufficient conditions for existence of a stabilizing controller for an uncertain system that are based on a subset of system modes lying within the controllability subspace induced by the set of inputs. We then formulate the minimum input selection problem and prove that it is equivalent to a submodular optimization problem, leading to polynomial-time algorithms with provable optimality bounds. We show that our approach is applicable to different types of uncertainties, including additive and multiplicative uncertainties in the system matrices as well as uncertain time delays. We demonstrate our approach in a numerical case study on the IEEE 39-bus test power system.
Scheduling for small delay in multi-rate multi-channel wireless networks (2011)

This paper considers the problem of designing scheduling algorithms for multi-channel (e.g., OFDM-based) wireless downlink systems. We show that the Server-Side Greedy (SSG) rule introduced in earlier papers for ON-OFF channels performs well even for more general channel models. The key contribution in this paper is the development of new mathematical techniques for analyzing Markov chains that arise when studying general channel models. These techniques include a way of calculating the distribution of the maximum of a multi-dimensional Markov chain (note that the maximum does not have the Markov property on its own), and also a Markov chain stochastic dominance result using coupling arguments.
Impact of overshoot current on SET operation of Atom Switch (2013)

Current overshoot during a set operation has significant impacts on the ON conductance and reliability of resistive change devices such as atom switches. We break the set operation into three steps: incubation, transition, and settling. We clarify their contributions to the determinations of the ON conductance of the atom switch. The variation in the transition time causes a significant variation in the ON conductance. On the basis of the ON conductance distribution, the median of the transition time of 1 ns and its distribution are revealed.
A General and Efficient 2‐Amination of Pyridines and Quinolines. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients presenting with pituitary apoplexy (2018)

In conclusion, these data describe the clinical features of pituitary apoplexy to aid the clinician in diagnosing this rare emergency presentation of pituitary disease. Prospective multicentre studies of the presentation of pituitary apoplexy are required to further characterise presentation and outcomes.
The effect of UV-assisted cleaning on the performance and stability of amorphous oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors under illumination (2011)

The effect of ultraviolet (UV) cleaning on the performance and stability of amorphous oxide transistors was evaluated. The application of UV cleaning at all process steps prior to the growth of the active layer induces relatively small threshold voltage (VT) shifts upon negative bias illumination stress (NBIS). On the other hand, additional UV cleaning right after the active growth engenders significant device degradation upon NBIS, which is manifested by severe negative VT shifts. It is suggested that the exposure of the oxide semiconductor to UV radiation is accompanied with the creation of defects that provide trapping sites for photogenerated holes.
To animate or anime-te? (2018)

In this study, we investigated the effect of avatar design on the perception of sign language animation display. Signed sentence expressions were comparatively evaluated using a natural and an anime-style avatar model of three different clothing colors and patterns to determine each design parameter's influence on comprehensibility, naturalness and user affinity. Results show that plain settled color clothing was perceived as most favorable, and that the natural avatar was clearly preferred over the anime-style avatar as an informant of the signed sentence content.
P403 Post hoc examination of VISIBLE 1 data for baseline predictors of response to 2 or 3 IV doses of vedolizumab for adults with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (2020)

Abstract Background Vedolizumab (VDZ) is a gut-selective α 4β 7 integrin monoclonal antibody approved for IV administration for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). The phase 3 VISIBLE 1 study evaluated SC VDZ for UC maintenance therapy. After 2 IV doses, 56.1% patients had a clinical response at week 6; among patients who received a third induction infusion, clinical response rates were 79.7%. In this post hoc analysis, we examined baseline characteristics as predictors of clinical response to IV induction with VDZ. Methods In the VISIBLE 1 study (NCT02611830; EudraCT 2015-000480-14), patients (patients) received IV VDZ 300 mg at Weeks 0 and 2. At Week 6, clinical responders were randomised to maintenance SC therapy; nonresponders were given a third IV dose and reassessed at Week 14. As endoscopy was only available at Week 6, the clinical response at Week 6 was defined as ≥3 points and ≥30% reduction in complete Mayo score from Week 0 and at Week 14 as a ≥2 points and ≥25% reduction in partial Mayo score from Week 0. Both definitions also included an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore ≥1 or absolute subscore ≤1. Results Overall, 383 patients received ≥1 dose of IV VDZ. Of these, 56.1% responded at Week 6 after 2 VDZ doses. Of the 143 patients who received 3 IV doses, 79.7% responded at Week 14. No clinically meaningful differences in baseline demographic and disease characteristics were observed between patients who responded after 2 or 3 IV doses (Table). Differences in disease location and partial Mayo score (&amp;lt; or ≥6) were observed between the responders and nonresponders in the 3 IV dose group. Baseline characteristics were evaluated descriptively to assess predictors of clinical response after 2 or 3 IV VDZ doses. Conclusion Clinical response was achieved by most patients after either 2 or 3 IV VDZ infusions in the VISIBLE 1 trial. Post hoc analyses revealed no clinically meaningful differences in baseline characteristics or disease characteristics that could serve as predictors of response following 2 or 3 VDZ infusions. Further real-world experience may elucidate potential predictors of response to VDZ.
Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) Fault Diagram Assessment Method (2021)

Frequency response analysis (FRA) is an extended technique for transformer condition assessment. In recent times, its proven sensitivity for detecting different type of faults have generated interest for rotating machine applications. However, at present, the interpretation of FRA results is mostly made by visual inspection of curves and is a hard task for nonexpert maintenance personnel. This article presents a mathematical model to simplify diagnostic tasks from FRA results. The developed model is called &#x201C;Fault Diagram&#x201D; and it is conceptualized to be applied to any coil, so it could be extensive to any type of machine. The fault diagram is based on a paradigm which states that a healthy machine is a machine with infinite impedance fault. The model uses a first-order frequency response for the purpose of fitting a linear function &#x220A; R3. The input of the model is the FRA curve of the machine, and the output is a point in a three-dimensional space. This approach can give an accurate diagnosis without ambiguous interpretations about if the machine is healthy or not and can provide an estimation of the fault location in case of damage. For validating the method, it was applied in a pole of a 40 MVA synchronous generator.
Introduction of Caged Peptide/Protein into Cells Using Bead Loading: Figure 1. (2007)

INTRODUCTIONActivation and inactivation of proteins using photoactivation of caged peptides or proteins offers insights into cellular dynamics not achievable using genetic means. The ability to selectively alter the activity of a specific protein at a defined time and location inside a cell allows the correlation of changes in protein activity and cellular behavior. A caged compound, peptide, or protein is prepared by covalently linking it to a photolabile, protecting group via a limited number of critical functional groups in the biomolecules. Under carefully defined conditions, a brief irradiation with UV light (320-400 nm) can lead to an intramolecular photoisomerization reaction that induces the cleavage of the chemical bond between the cage group and the unmodified, biologically active species. Three strategies can be used to introduce caged compounds into cells: cell-permeant peptide vectors, bead loading, and microinjection. In bead loading, cells are bathed in a medium containing the peptide/protein of interest. Glass beads are then sprinkled onto the cells. The beads create temporary holes in the cell membranes, allowing some of the peptide molecules to enter cells at random. Due to the low efficiency of this technique, a large amount of protein or peptide is needed to label a relatively small number of cells. If the peptides or proteins are not fluorescent, it is useful to co-load the cells with an inert fluorescent marker, such as rhodamine dextran, to indicate successful loading. A representative bead-loading protocol using fish keratocytes is given here.
Rational Design and Fabrication of Biomimetic Hierarchical Scaffolds With Bone-Matchable Strength for Bone Regeneration (2021)

The development of scaffolds with bone-mimicking compositions, hierarchical structure, and bone-matchable mechanical properties may offer a novel route for the achievement of effective bone regeneration. Although bioactive glasses have been widely utilized for bone regeneration at the clinical level, their brittleness and uncontrolled pore structure limit further applications. Herein, this study aims to develop a kind of bioactive scaffold with a macroporous/microporous/mesoporous structure via impregnating a sponge template with mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) sol, followed by sponge template removal. In order to improve the mechanical properties and stability of the MBG scaffolds, desaminotyrosyl ethyl tyrosine polycarbonates (PDTEC), a biodegradable polymer which does not induce acid side-effects caused by conventional polylactide, was selected to decorate the resulting hierarchical scaffolds through a surface coating approach. The PDTEC functionalization endowed the scaffolds with improved mechanical strength matching the bearable range of trabecular bone (2–12 MPa). Meanwhile, the relative neutral pH value was maintained during their degradation process. In vitro studies demonstrated that the PDTEC accelerated the biomineralization of the scaffolds, and promoted the attachment and proliferation, holding high promise for bone regeneration.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimethylaluminum Methaneselenolate: A Useful Reagent for the Preparation of Selenoesters. (1986)

Abstract The title compound (II)(stab1e for about one month in solution under argon) reacts with (II1a) to give the selenoester (VIa), which can be transformed to (IIIa)‐(IIId) by the procedures shown in the scheme [(VIb)‐(VIg) are prepared similarly from the corresponding methyl or ethyl esters].
When and How to Transfer Knowledge in Dynamic Multi-objective Optimization (2019)

Transfer learning has been used for solving multiple optimization and dynamic multi-objective optimization problems, since transfer learning is able to transfer useful information from one problem to help solving another related problem. This paper aims to investigate when and how transfer learning works or fails in dynamic multi-objective optimization. Through computational analyses on a number of dynamic bi- and tri-objective benchmark problems, we show that transfer learning fails on problems with fixed Pareto optimal solution sets and under small environmental changes. We also show that the Gaussian kernel function used in the existing transfer learning-based method is not always adequate. Therefore, transfer learning should be avoided when dealing with problems for which transfer learning fails and other kernel functions should be used when the Gaussian kernel is inadequate. This paper proposes novel strategies and kernel functions that can be used in such cases. Experimental studies have demonstrated the superiority of our proposed techniques to state-of-the-art methods, on a number of dynamic bi- and tri-objective test problems.
Advanced mask inspection optical system (AMOS) using 198.5-nm wavelength for 65-nm (hp) node and beyond: system development and initial state D/D inspection performance (2004)

A novel high-resolution mask inspection platform using DUV wavelength has been developed. This platform is designed to enable the defect inspection of high quality masks for 65nm node used in 193nm lithography. In this paper, newly developed optical system and its performance are reported. The system is operated at wavelength of 198.5nm, which wavelength is nearly equal to 193nm-ArF laser exposure tool. Some defect image data and defect inspection sensitivity due to simulation-base die-to-die (D/D) inspection are shown on standard programmed defect test mask. As an initial state D/D inspection performance, 20-60 nm defects are certified. System capabilities for 65nm node inspection and beyond are also discussed.
Combined long‐term treatment with an LHRH agonist and a pure antiandrogen blocks androgenic influence in the rat (1982)

Daily administration for 5 months of the potent LHRH agonist (D-Ser(TBU)6, des-Gly-NH2(10)) LHRH ethylamide (250 ng) in combination with the pure antiandrogen RU23908 (5 mg) to adult male rats causes a marked inhibition of ventral prostate and seminal vesicle weight to 9% and 15% of control, respectively. At the doses used, owing to readjustments of the pituitary-testicular axis, neither treatment alone has an effect on prostate weight and exerts only minimal inhibitory effects on seminal vesicle weight. Whereas treatment with the LHRH agonist alone markedly inhibits testicular LH and PRL receptor levels, the antiandrogen alone stimulates the concentration of the two receptors and reverses the inhibitory effect of the LHRH agonist treatment on LH receptors. Treatment with the LHRH agonist decreases plasma PRL levels, whereas the antiandrogen increases the concentration of circulating LH and FSH by 250%. Treatment with the LHRH agonist decreases the concentration of testosterone and its precursors of the delta 4-pathway while stimulating 5 alpha-reductase activity in both the absence and presence of simultaneous treatment with the antiandrogen. The present data show that blockage of the delta 4-steroidogenic pathway induced by treatment with an LHRH agonist prevents the escape phenomenon observed during long-term treatment with a pure antiandrogen, and permits maximal inhibitory effects of the two treatments on secondary sex organ weight. Such combined treatment with an LHRH agonist (to block androgen formation) and an antiandrogen (to neutralize remaining androgens of testicular and adrenal origin) should be the hormonal therapy of choice in prostatic carcinoma.
An 18V double level poly CMOS technology for nonvolatile memory and linear applications (1983)

The process flow for a 4μ, 9-mask CMOS technology will be described. The procedure employs 0.8pF/mil <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> multidielectric poly to poly capacitors, silicided second poly and N-channel lightly doped drain extensions.
Effects of organic and inorganic network development on the optical properties of ORMOSILs (1997)

The preparation of organic–inorganic hybrids based on the use of sol–gel chemistry offers a creative approach for synthesizing novel materials. One of the most promising directions for organic–inorganic hybrid materials is in the area of optics. An important consideration is that optical losses from scattering will arise in these materials if separation of the organic and inorganic phases occurs. The difficulties in obtaining such hybrid structures without phase separation is investigated for polymethylmethacrylate based organically modified silicates. Here, three approaches for initiating polymerization reactions of the organic component are reported. The influence of the organic and inorganic network developments is correlated with optical transparency. Tuning organic and inorganic reaction rates is found to be insufficient in overcoming phase separation. The most successful method involved dissolving the sol components in a common solvent before instituting polymerization treatments. Materials synthesized by this approach satisfy three important criteria for organic–inorganic hybrid laser host materials: an optically transparent matrix with little or no phase separation; comparable volume fractions of organic and inorganic components to obtain the benefits of both phases; and a high degree of polymerization reactions within the acrylic phase.
Some Effects of Small Changes in Molecular Framework on the Incidence of Smectic C and Other Smectic Liquid Crystal Phases in Esters (1976)

Abstract The smectic properties are discussed for several series of esters which have the same “central core” molecular structure, i.e., The effects of just extending the carbon chain in a series of n-alkyl esters are discussed for the methyl to n-decyl esters of 4′n-decyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid. The effect on the inicidence of the smectic C Phase is quite striking. The butyl to hexyl esters inclusive exhibit this phase, while the heptyl to decyl esters show latent smectic C properties for which “virtual” transition temperatures can be obtained. The temperatures of SA to Sc transition lie on two parabolic curves, the even members lying on the curve representing higher Sc thermal stabilities than those of the odd members. The earlier homologues of the series show SA, SB, or SE or SAB properties. The effect on the incidence of the smectic phases was also investigated for molecules containing longer carbon chains. Here the incidence of the smectic C phase is discussed for the methyl to n-nonadecyl esters of 4′-n-octyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid. This series is roughly divided into three types, with the earlier homologues (methyl to propyl) showing SA, SB, SE, or SAB phases, the middle homologues (butyl to octyl) SA, Sc or Sc “virtual” and the later members (nonyl to nonadecyl) only SA phases.
A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Dose‐Ranging Study of Dofetilide in Patients with Inducible Sustained Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias (1995)

We conclude that: (1) dofetilide produces concentration-related IK blocking effects in patients; (2) an incremental dose-ranging study design aids in identifying the range of doses demonstrating electrophysiologic effects and efficacy; (3) a concomitant placebo group provides important data to assess reproducibility of results over time; and (4) further studies of dofetilide's efficacy and toxicity should be conducted.
Ultrasonic spectrum analysis for assays of different scatterer morphologies: theory and very-high frequency clinical results (2002)

Theoretical results are obtained to describe how clinically measured ultrasonic spectral parameters are related to effective physical properties of tissue scatterers. Scatterer morphologies include small asymmetric or isotropic scatterers, thin quasi-cylindrical scatterers, and quasi-planar scatterers. Closed form expressions relate linear-regression spectral parameters to system and analysis factors and to effective scatterer properties including size, concentration, and relative acoustic impedance. Results are being used to guide very-high-frequency ultrasonic examinations of ocular tissues.