gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interdigitated Back Contact a-Si:H/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells Modelling: Limiting Parameters Influence on Device Efficiency (2008)

In this paper, interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction (IBC-SiHJ) solar cells are investigated. Two dimensional numerical simulations for IBC-SiHJ solar cells have been performed with ATLAS 2-D and 3-D device simulation software that allows accurate bulk and interface defects modelling. We here focus on IBC-SiHJ structure on p-type crystalline silicon substrate varying the following parameters: bulk resistivity (doping concentration), BSF width, gap between the two doped layers (BSF and emitter), metal coverage of emitter contact and contact resistance. The influence of these parameters has been tested by generating the current-voltage under AM1.5 illumination. Concerning the rear side geometry of IBC-SiHJ solar cell, the short circuit current JSC is found to be limited by the width of the BSF and of the gap. Possible explanations for fill factor losses in IBC-SiHJ solar cells have been determined: high bulk resistivity, partial metal coverage of emitter contact by aluminum and high contact resistance.
Silicon-germanium composition engineering for next generation multilayer devices and systems (2014)

We report a method of engineering constant composition, single crystal, defect free SiGe-on-insulator grown by a rapid melt growth technique using tailored tree-like structures. Branches emanating from the main SiGe strip act as Silicon “reservoirs” to prevent the usual gradation of the alloy composition. This technique enables multiple SiGe strips to be grown using the same single generic Ge deposition step, each with a different composition determined by the structural design. Using this technique, we envisage a silicon photonics platform for on-chip optical communications whereby both modulators and detectors can be fabricated with the same device design and therefore the same simple fabrication steps. This can be realised by exploiting the rapid melt growth SiGe composition engineering detailed in this paper to tune the bandgap of electro-absorption modulators for multi-channel links using wavelength division multiplexing, whilst simultaneously forming pure Ge photodetectors. This technology could open the way for a new multilayer photonic architecture or for extremely low power density, multi-channel on-chip optical communications by integrating the concept with the cascaded photonic crystal architecture demonstrated by Debnath et al. [1].
Simultaneous Profiling of Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility in Single Cells (2019)

Profiling multiple omic layers in a single cell enables the discovery and analysis of biological phenomena that are not apparent from analysis of mono-omic data. While methods for multi-omic profiling have been reported, their adoption has been limited due to high cost and complex workflows. Here, we present a simple method for joint profiling of gene expression and chromatin accessibility in tens to hundreds of single cells. We assess the quality of resulting single cell ATAC- and RNA-seq data across three cell types, examine the link between accessibility and expression at the <i>CD3G</i> and <i>FTH1</i> loci in human primary T cells and monocytes, and compare the accuracy of clustering solutions for mono-omic and combined data. The new method allows biological laboratories to perform simultaneous profiling of gene expression and chromatin accessibility using standard reagents and instrumentation. This technique, in conjunction with other advances in multi-omic profiling, will enable highly-resolved cell state classification and more specific mechanistic hypothesis generation than is possible with mono-omic analysis.
Revision Arthroscopic Bankart Repair (2010)

When stabilization surgery fails, both patient and treating physician face disappointment as well as additional stress in attempting to solve this difficult clinical challenge. The treating physician must: (1) review the basics of what constitutes stability, (2) confirm the correct diagnosis by performing a thorough examination supplemented by appropriate imaging, (3) determine the reason for failure, (4) determine the expectations and needs of the patient, and (5) decide which operative or nonoperative approach provides the best potential result for the patient. This review article will provide a basic review of the key principles in the evaluation and management of patients with recurrent instability after a failed arthroscopic anterior stabilization.
The Spectrum of Gastrointestinal Toxicity and Effect on Disease Activity of Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2004)

The safety and toxicity associated with the use of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been extensively studied. Thirty-three patients with IBD who were prescribed celecoxib or rofecoxib were identified from questionnaire during their clinic visit at the Cedars-Sinai IBD Center between 1999 and 2002. Twenty-six had Crohn's disease (CD), 6 had ulcerative colitis (UC), and 1 had indeterminate colitis (IC). Twenty-one received rofecoxib, 10 celecoxib, and 2 received both medications at different time points. Overall, 13 (39%) patients experienced disease exacerbation, 7 of which had received celecoxib and six rofecoxib. IBD exacerbation associated with COX-2 treatment did not correlate with age, disease activity, or use of immunosuppressive medications. All patients experienced flare-up of their underlying IBD within 6 weeks of initiating COX-2 therapy. Five of 13 (38%) patients had resolution of their symptoms after discontinuing the COX-2 inhibitor, but the remaining patients required additional medical therapy to control their disease. Six other patients (18%) experienced GI side effects not associated with their underlying IBD. Five developed abdominal pain, and one developed a duodenal ulcer and a circumferential ileo-colonic ulceration with GI bleeding. Treatment with COX-2 inhibitors is associated with a high incidence of exacerbation of the underlying IBD and GI-related complications.
Temperature Dependence of Performance and Hot-Carrier Immunity in Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors (2010)

The temperature dependence of the performance and hot-carrier instability of excimer-laser-crystallized low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) is described. The dependence of the TFT's performance on temperature indicates three characteristics: 1) electron mobility decreases with decreasing temperature, whereas the hole mobility is temperature independent; 2) off-leakage current decreases with decreasing temperature; and 3) threshold voltage increases with decreasing temperature. To consider the origin of the temperature dependence of the threshold voltage, estimation using the trap state density obtained by capacitance–voltage analysis is carried out. The main origin is concluded to be the change in the density of occupied defect states owing to the temperature dependence of the Fermi level. Contrary to the mobility, current under the drain-avalanche hot-carrier stress is found to be higher in a cold environment. The more serious current degradation after the stress in a cold environment is attributable to the reduced scattering of hot carriers owing to less lattice vibration.
Genetic variation in cytochrome P450 2J2 and soluble epoxide hydrolase and risk of ischemic stroke in a Chinese population (2008)

Collectively, these data indicate a protective influence of the G860A polymorphism of EPHX2 on ischemic stroke in Chinese nonsmokers.
Merging fossil specimens with computer-generated information (2002)

While dinosaur fossils reveal much, they keep us guessing about the original organisms' color, sound, and behavior. For several years, modern paleontologists have used 3D computer graphics to help reconstruct these pieces of the past. Augmented reality (AR) leverages this technology to provide an interface that enhances the real world with synthetic supplements. Paleontologists can use AR to present virtual data directly within a real, 3D environment rather than on a flat monitor. This technology's immersiveness can give paleontologists new insights into their research and communicate the results to museum visitors in an exciting and effective way.
Protein Phosphorylation and Mineral Binding Affect the Secondary Structure of the Leucine-Rich Amelogenin Peptide (2017)

Previously, we have shown that serine-16 phosphorylation in native full-length porcine amelogenin (P173) and the Leucine-Rich Amelogenin Peptide (LRAP(+P)), an alternative amelogenin splice product, affects protein assembly and mineralization in vitro. Notably, P173 and LRAP(+P) stabilize amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and inhibit hydroxyapatite (HA) formation, while non-phosphorylated counterparts (rP172, LRAP(-P)) guide the growth of ordered bundles of HA crystals. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that the phosphorylation of full-length amelogenin and LRAP induces conformational changes that critically affect its capacity to interact with forming calcium phosphate mineral phases. To test this hypothesis, we have utilized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the secondary structure of LRAP(-P) and LRAP(+P) in the absence/presence of calcium and selected mineral phases relevant to amelogenesis; i.e., hydroxyapatite (HA: an enamel crystal prototype) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP: an enamel crystal precursor phase). Aqueous solutions of LRAP(-P) or LRAP(+P) were prepared with or without 7.5 mM of CaCl2 at pH 7.4. FTIR spectra of each solution were obtained using attenuated total reflectance, and amide-I peaks were analyzed to provide secondary structure information. Secondary structures of LRAP(+P) and LRAP(-P) were similarly assessed following incubation with suspensions of HA and pyrophosphate-stabilized ACP. Amide I spectra of LRAP(-P) and LRAP(+P) were found to be distinct from each other in all cases. Spectra analyses showed that LRAP(-P) is comprised mostly of random coil and β-sheet, while LRAP(+P) exhibits more β-sheet and α-helix with little random coil. With added Ca, the random coil content increased in LRAP(-P), while LRAP(+P) exhibited a decrease in α-helix components. Incubation of LRAP(-P) with HA or ACP resulted in comparable increases in β-sheet structure. Notably, however, LRAP(+P) secondary structure was more affected by ACP, primarily showing an increase in β-sheet structure, compared to that observed with added HA. These collective findings indicate that phosphorylation induces unique secondary structural changes that may enhance the functional capacity of native phosphorylated amelogenins like LRAP to stabilize an ACP precursor phase during early stages of enamel mineral formation.
On the performance of the proportional delay differentiation (2004)

While DiffServ is gaining ground, QoS related operations have been constantly changing. The proportional differentiation model, as a special case of DiffServ, was suggested to enforce controllable and consistent QoS differentiation. The article investigates the delay differentiation perspective of the proportional model. It first derives the properties of the average delay differences among service classes. Second, simulations and analysis are applied to reveal more fundamental facts of two typical delay differentiation mechanisms. Last, their short-term and long-term delay differentiation performances are evaluated.
Progress towards the development of non-peptide orally-active gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists: therapeutic implications (2000)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a decapeptide (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly.NH2) which is produced from a precursor polypeptide in hypothalamic neurons and secreted in a pulsatile fashion to stimulate the secretion of LH and FSH via its interaction with a cognate receptor on gonadotropes. Low doses of the native peptide delivered in a pulsatile manner to mimic that found in the hypothalamic portal vessels restore fertility in hypogonadal patients, and are also effective in treating cryptorchidism and delayed puberty. Administration of high doses of GnRH, or agonist analogues, causes desensitization of the gonadotrope with consequent decline in gonadal gametogenesis and steroid and peptide hormone synthesis. This phenomenon finds extensive therapeutic application in clinical medicine in a wide spectrum of disease (Table 1). In addition, GnRH analogues have promise as new generation male and female contraceptives in conjunction with steroid hormone replacement. GnRH antagonists inhibit the reproductive system through competition with endogenous GnRH for the receptor and, in view of their rapid effects, are being increasingly used for the above mentioned applications. The peptide agonists and antagonists currently available require parenteral administration, typically in the form of long-acting depots. A new generation of non-peptide GnRH antagonists are beginning to emerge which should allow oral administration and, therefore, may provide greater flexibility of dosing, lower costs and increased patient acceptance.
Defective clonogenic potential of CD8+ T lymphocytes in patients with AIDS. Expansion in vivo of a nonclonogenic CD3+CD8+DR+CD25- T cell population. (1990)

This study examines the potential mechanism(s) responsible for the defective clonability of CD8+ T lymphocytes in patients with AIDS. By the combined use of one- and two-color fluorescence cytofluorometry we have shown an increase in the number of circulating DR+ cells due to the expression of DR on a relatively large proportion of T lymphocytes (one-third of CD3+ cells), the majority of them belonging to the CD8+ subset. In addition, the majority of CD8+DR+ cells in AIDS patients did not express CD25 Ag (the receptor for IL-2), a surface marker generally expressed on normal activated T lymphocytes. Sorted CD8+DR+ and CD8+DR- cell populations were analyzed comparatively for their ability to proliferate in response to different stimuli, including anti-CD3, anti-CD2, alone or in combination with anti-CD28 mAb and mitogens such as PHA, alone or in combination with PMA. We have demonstrated that CD8+DR+ cells were severely defective in their proliferative response to triggering via these major pathways of T cell activation even when an exogenous source of IL-2 or IL-4 was added to the microcultures 24 h after initiating the cultures. In contrast, CD8+DR- cells showed a significant proliferation in response to the different stimuli and the proliferative response was strongly enhanced by the addition of IL-2 or IL-4. At the end of the stimulation period CD8+DR+ and CD8+DR- proliferating populations were analyzed for CD25 Ag expression. Only 1 to 10% of CD8+DR+ cells expressed CD25 antigen compared with 40 to 50% of CD8+DR- cells. The proliferative defect of CD8+DR+ cells was further confirmed in experiments performed at the clonal level. The analysis of the frequency of proliferating T lymphocyte-precursors in both CD8+DR+ and CD8+DR- subsets showed that the defective clonogenic potential of CD8+ cells in AIDS patients could be in large part ascribed to CD8+DR+ cells. Five percent of CD8+DR+ cells showed a clonogenic potential compared to the 25% of CD8+DR- cells. Finally, we analyzed the surface expression of VLA-2 Ag, a marker of a chronic state of T cell activation, on circulating T lymphocytes. We have shown that a large proportion of CD3+DR+CD25- cells (50 to 80% in the different patients with AIDS analyzed) expressed VLA-2 Ag.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Hypotensive Effect of Captopril is Not Mediated by Renal Medullary Lipids (1987)

The role of renomedullary lipids in the hypotensive effect of captopril was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats, one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats and two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats using inhibitors of acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine and prostaglandins, and chemical medullectomy. Our experiments indicate that it is unlikely that renomedullary lipids contribute to the hypotensive action of captopril.
Performance comparisons of external modulated hybrid analog-digital signals in electrical and optical domains (2005)

A multipurpose network which integrates the functionalities of single radio channel and baseband data distribution has been proposed recently. In this letter, we further propose and compare two possible combination schemes which combine multiple radio channel and single digital baseband data in electrical and optical domains. Linearity of multiple radio channels and performance of digital baseband data are studied in this externally modulated hybrid analog-digital link. It is found that signals combined in the optical domain, while with higher cost, will outperform that in the electrical domain on the carrier-to-noise and distortion ratio. In addition, the baseband data performance is also improved with optical combining scheme since the optimum required modulation index is lower.
Profibrotic Role of Myostatin in Peyronie's Disease (2008)

Myostatin is overexpressed in the PD plaque, partly because of myofibroblast generation. Although myostatin induces a plaque in the rat TA, it does not appear to mediate the one triggered by TGFbeta1, thus suggesting that both proteins act concurrently and that therapy should target their common downstream effectors.
Phase Selection in Round-Robin Scheduling Sequence for Distributed Antenna System (2020)

One of key technologies in the fifth generation mobile communications is a distributed antenna system (DAS). As DAS creates tightly packed antenna arrangements, inter-user interference degrades its spectrum efficiency. Round-robin (RR) scheduling is known as a scheme that achieves a good trade-off between computational complexity and spectrum efficiency. This paper proposes a user equipment (UE) allocation scheme for RR scheduling. The proposed scheme offers low complexity as the phase of UE allocation sequences are predetermined. Four different phase selection criteria are compared in this paper. Numerical results obtained through computer simulation show that maximum selection, which sequentially searches for the phase with the maximum tentative throughput realizes the best spectrum efficiency next to full search. There is an optimum number of UEs which obtains the largest throughput in single-user allocation while the system throughput improves as the number of UEs increases in 2-user RR scheduling.
Hydrophile–hydrophobe equilibrium of some prostaglandins—CNDO/SW study (1980)

Abstract The problem of the existence of a prostaglandin (PG) receptor is still controversial, but it seems to be clear that the main action of the PGs concerns the interface of the cellular membrane (which has a predominantly lipid character) and the extracellular liquid (which mainly consists of water). Also especially in the case of the exogenous PGs, the transport of these substances in the organism in influenced by the hydrophilic‐hydrophobic properties of the reactive molecules. These properties can be estimated by MO studies using a solvation model and a semiempirical method of calculation. This paper is concerned with the molecules of PGA 1 and PGE 1 . MO studies were performed for these molecules with the CNDO/SW method in order to calculate ionization potentials, dipole moments, and molecular polarizabilities. With these computed molecular properties, the electrostatic and van der Waals interactions with water and octanol molecules are evaluated and compared within the framework of the original model. This study allows the differentiation of the hydrophilic–hydrophobic character of the PGs investigated and the comparison of the results with experimental data.
X-ray structure analysis of a designed oligomeric miniprotein reveals a discrete quaternary architecture (2004)

The x-ray crystal structure of an oligomeric miniprotein has been determined to a 1.2-A resolution by means of multiwavelength anomalous diffraction phasing with selenomethionine analogs that retain the biophysical characteristics of the native peptide. Peptide 1, comprising alpha and beta secondary structure elements with only 21 aa per monomer, associates as a discrete tetramer. The peptide adopts a previously uncharacterized quaternary structure in which alpha and beta components interact to form a tightly packed and well defined hydrophobic core. The structure provides insight into the origins of the unusual thermal stability of the oligomer. The miniprotein shares many characteristics of larger proteins, including cooperative folding, lack of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate binding, and limited deuterium exchange, and possesses a buried surface area typical of native proteins.
Respiratory mucosal delivery of next-generation COVID-19 vaccine provides robust protection against both ancestral and variant strains of SARS-CoV-2 (2022)

The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) threaten the effectiveness of current COVID-19 vaccines administered intramuscularly and designed to only target the spike protein. There is a pressing need to develop next-generation vaccine strategies for broader and long-lasting protection. Using adenoviral vectors (Ad) of human and chimpanzee origin, we evaluated Ad-vectored trivalent COVID-19 vaccines expressing spike-1, nucleocapsid, and RdRp antigens in murine models. We show that single-dose intranasal immunization, particularly with chimpanzee Ad-vectored vaccine, is superior to intramuscular immunization in induction of the tripartite protective immunity consisting of local and systemic antibody responses, mucosal tissue-resident memory T cells and mucosal trained innate immunity. We further show that intranasal immunization provides protection against both the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and two VOC, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351. Our findings indicate that respiratory mucosal delivery of Ad-vectored multivalent vaccine represents an effective next-generation COVID-19 vaccine strategy to induce all-around mucosal immunity against current and future VOC.
Investigation of annotatorâ€™s behaviour using eye-tracking data (2013)

This paper presents an analysis of an annotator’s behaviour during her/his annotation process for eliciting useful information for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Text annotation is essential for machine learning-based NLP where annotated texts are used for both training and evaluating supervised systems. Since an annotator’s behaviour during annotation can be seen as reflecting her/his cognitive process during her/his attempt to understand the text for annotation, analysing the process of text annotation has potential to reveal useful information for NLP tasks, in particular semantic and discourse processing that require deeper language understanding. We conducted an experiment for collecting annotator actions and eye gaze during the annotation of predicate-argument relations in Japanese texts. Our analysis of the collected data suggests that obtained insight into human annotation behaviour is useful for exploring effective linguistic features in machine learning-based approaches.
Polycrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology Development and Commercialization (2006)

This paper will report on the BP solar/solarex efforts on polycrystalline silicon PV modules under the NREL/DOE PV manufacturing technology program. BP solar (previously solarex) has been working on polycrystalline silicon PV technology under the NREL sponsored photovoltaic manufacturing technology program since 1993. This paper will review some of the major achievements of these programs. Results from a recently completed contract will be presented with emphasis on the development of processes and handling procedures for ultra-thin silicon wafers and cells. Finally the paper will conclude with a discussion of the future work planned in the present program