gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ninja legs: Amphibious one degree of freedom robotic legs (2013)

In this paper we propose a design of a class of robotic legs (known as “Ninja legs”) that enable amphibious operation, both walking and swimming, for use on a class of hexapod robots. Amphibious legs equip the robot with a capability to explore diverse locations in the world encompassing both those that are on the ground as well as underwater. In this paper we work with a hexapod robot of the Aqua vehicle family (based on a body plan first developed by Buehler et al. [1]), which is an amphibious robot that employs legs for amphibious locomotion. Many different leg designs have been previously developed for Aqua-class vehicles, including both robust all-terrain legs for walking, and efficient flippers for swimming. But the walking legs have extremely poor thrust for swimming and the flippers are completely unsuitable for terrestrial operations. In this work we propose a single leg design with the advantages of both the walking legs and the swimming flippers. We design a cage-like circular enclosure for the flippers in order to protect the flippers during terrestrial operations. The enclosing structure also plays the role of the walking legs for terrestrial locomotion. The circular shape of the enclosure, as well, has the advantages of an offset wheel. We evaluate the performance of our design for terrestrial mobility by comparing the power efficiency and the physical speed of the robot equipped with the newly designed legs against that with the walking legs which are semi-circular in shape. The swimming performance is examined by measuring the thrust generated by newly designed legs and comparing the same with the thrust generated by the swimming flippers. In the field, we also verified that these legs are suitable for swimming through moderate surf, walking through the breakers on a beach (and thus through slurry), and onto wet and dry sand.
The Effects of Temperature, Shear Stress, and Deposit Thickness on EGR Cooler Fouling Removal Mechanism - Part 2 (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) coolers are used on diesel engines to reduce peak in-cylinder flame temperatures, leading to less NOx formation during the combustion process. There is an ongoing concern with soot and hydrocarbon fouling inside the cold surface of the cooler. The fouling layer reduces the heat transfer efficiency and causes pressure drop to increase across the cooler. A number of experimental studies have demonstrated that the fouling layer tends to asymptotically approach a critical height, after which the layer growth ceases. One potential explanation for this behavior is the removal mechanism derived by the shear force applied on the soot and hydrocarbon deposit surface. As the deposit layer thickens, shear force applied on the fouling surface increases due to the flow velocity growth. When a critical shear force is applied, deposit particles start to get removed. In this study, a 1-D model is developed to predict effectiveness drop and fouling layer distribution across the cooler. To model the removal mechanism, experiments described in Part 1 of this paper were conducted. Removal of particles was measured by blowing compressed air in various conditions through the fouled tube from the shell-in-tube type EGR cooler rig. A deposit removal regression equation was developed using the blow out experiment data, which was incorporated into the model. The resulting model showed good correspondence with the experimental data, indicating that removal mechanism improves the prediction of modeling. For the first time, the new model with the empirically derived removal function is able to predict the trend of thermal effectiveness stabilization observed in experiments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
SU‐E‐T‐271: A Variable Target Comparison of Whole Breast and Partial Breast Irradiation Fractionation Regimens. Do the Current Margins Make Sense? (2011)

Purpose: A novel, variable target approach is used in this study to establish equivalence, in a radiobiological sense, between whole breast and partial breast irradiation schemes. We are questioning the meaning of margins, as they are currently used to create planning target volumes. Ultra‐short fractionation regimens have been recently proposed for APBI, reducing the number of fractions from 10 to as few as two. This work addresses the concept of ˈequivalenceˈ between the currently accepted regimens (both WBI and APBI) and the newly proposed ones. Methods: Four early stage breast cancer patients were included. Two patients were treated with interstitial BT and two patients with balloon BT. Three regimens for WBI were simulated by creating uniform doses for all targets. EUBED and gBEUD were computed and the parameter ‘a’ identified based on equivalence of standard WBI with interstitial APBI. The equivalence of new proposed ultra‐short regimens in balloon BT namely (7Gy × 4fx), (8.25Gy × 3fx) and (10.25Gy × 2 fx) was then compared with the ˈtraditionalˈ APBI. Results: a=‐1 was identified from WBI and APBI equivalence. At GTV+1.0 cm margin, we find gBEUDˈs for ultra‐short regimens to be 20% or higher than current standard fractionation scheme. Conclusions: Somehow unexpected is that despite a larger margin (15mm), the interstitial implants seem to be equivalent, within the validity of the radiobiological model considered, for significantly smaller targets than the one the treatment was planned for. For the balloon BT, the planned margin of 1cm around the balloon, seemed a lot more consistent with the ‘true’ target for which the WBI and APBI would be equivalent. When the new, ultra‐short regimens were compared with the traditional (3.4Gy × 10fx), we find that their equivalent targets are larger than the 1cm planning margin, even when compared with the standard WBI regimen.
Stereoscopic shading: integrating multi-frame shape cues in a variational framework (2002)

We address the problem of integrating multi-frame stereo and shading cues within the framework of optimization in the infinite-dimensional space of piecewise smooth surfaces. Cue integration then reduces to the determination of regions where prior assumptions on the reflectance of the surfaces can be enforced. By combining cues, our formulation allows defining a well-posed problem even when reconstruction from stereo or shading in isolation would be ill-posed. For a simplified model we prove the necessary conditions for optimality, and propose an iterative optimization algorithm, which we implement using ultra-narrowband level set methods.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL‐METHYLENE COMPLEXES. PART 25. CYCLOADDITION OF CARBONYL‐FLANKED METHYLENE BRIDGES ‐ A NEW SYNTHETIC METHOD FOR METALLACYCLICS (1982)

Abstract Die Verbindungen (II) reagieren mit der koordinativ ungesättigten Carbonylmetallverbindung (I) in einer Cycloaddition über die zu erwartenden Produkte (III) ausschließlich zu deren neuartigen Konstitutionsisomeren, den Komplexen (IV), deren Struktur durch Röntgenuntersuchungen an (IVa) (Raumgruppe C 2h 6 ‐C 2 /c, Z=4) und (IVd) (Raumgruppe P2 1 n‐C 2h 5 , Z=4) gesichert ist.
Rigorous EUV mask simulator using 2D and 3D waveguide methods (2003)

EUV lithography at 13nm wavelengths will require the use of reflective multi-layer mask substrates with a patterned absorbing top layer. As the height of the absorber is many times the wavelength of the exposure radiation, EUV masks are true topographical entities. Therefore, scalar Frauenhofer diffraction simulations are not completely valid and accurate. Rigorous solution of Maxwell's equations in the topography is necessary to accurately predict many of the lithographic effects of these masks. Additionally, the interactions of the non-vertical radiation reflectance from the multilayer stack with the absorber causes further non-intuitive lithographic results which need to be understood and optimized. To further the rigorous understanding of EUV mask effects, we have extended existing 2D and 3D rigorous simulators to model EUV lithography diffraction. These simulators, METRO and METROPOLE-3D respectively, use the waveguide method for fast and accurate computation of topographical mask structures. Modifications of these simulators enable an order of magnitude speedup in the calculation of results containing large numbers of EUV multilayers, improve mask dimension modeling accuracy and enable accurate modeling of the non-normal EUV source illumination through a range of pitch values. Rigorous illumination and multilayer defect analysis results will also be shown. Additional comparisons to recently published rigorous EUV simulations results and impressive runtime results on standard desktop workstations are presented. The results show that for EUV lithography the best focus position and the symmetry of the aerial image intensity profile with respect to best focus is affected by the pattern pitch.
Opportunistic Temporal Fair Mode Selection and User Scheduling for Full-duplex Systems (2019)

In-band full-duplex (FD) communication has emerged as one of the promising techniques to improve data rates in next generation wireless systems. Typical FD scenarios considered in the literature assume FD base stations (BSs) and half-duplex (HD) users activated either in uplink (UL) or downlink (DL), where inter-user interference (IUI) is treated as noise at the DL user. This paper considers more general FD scenarios where an arbitrary fraction of the users are capable of FD and/or they can perform successive interference cancellation (SIC) to mitigate IUI. Consequently, one user can be activated in either UL or DL (HD-UL and HD-DL modes), or simultaneously in both directions requiring self-interference mitigation (SIM) at that user (FD-SIM mode). Furthermore, two users can be scheduled, one in UL and the other in DL (both operating in HD), where the DL user can treat IUI as noise (FD-IN mode) or perform SIC to mitigate IUI (FD-SIC mode). This paper studies opportunistic mode selection and user scheduling under long-term and short-term temporal fairness in single-carrier and multi-carrier (OFDM) FD systems, with the goal of maximizing system utility (e.g. sum-rate). First, the feasible region of temporal demands is characterized for both long-term and short-term fairness. Subsequently, optimal temporal fair schedulers as well as practical low-complexity online algorithms are devised. Simulation results demonstrate that using SIC to mitigate IUI as well as having FD capability at users can improve FD throughput gains significantly especially, when user distribution is concentrated around a few hotspots.
Contributions of right inferior temporal-occipital cortex to visual word and non-word priming (1995)

Little is known about the neural substrates of indirect forms of memory such as priming. Electrophysiological (ERP) and behavioral data were recorded from controls and three patients with damage in the right parahippocampal and lingual gyri, with variable extension into posterior hippocampus and striate/extrastriate cortex. Visually presented words and non-words were repeated after one of three delays in a lexical decision task. The late positive ERP deflection related to stimulus repetition was diminished at all scalp sites, suggesting dysfunction in a neural system associated with priming. The patients also failed to show significant reaction time priming at intermediate and long delays. These results demonstrate the importance of right inferior temporal-occipital cortex for ERP and behavioral manifestations of verbal priming.
Virtual Microscopy and Grid-Enabled Decision Support for Large-Scale Analysis of Imaged Pathology Specimens (2009)

Breast cancer accounts for about 30% of all cancers and 15% of cancer deaths in women. Advances in computer-assisted analysis hold promise for classifying subtypes of disease and improving prognostic accuracy. We introduce a grid-enabled decision support system for performing automatic analysis of imaged breast tissue microarrays. To date, we have processed more than 1,00,000 digitized specimens (1200 x 1200 pixels each) on IBM's World Community Grid (WCG). As a part of the Help Defeat Cancer (HDC) project, we have analyzed that the data returned from WCG along with retrospective patient clinical profiles for a subset of 3744 breast tissue samples, and have reported the results in this paper. Texture-based features were extracted from the digitized specimens, and isometric feature mapping was applied to achieve nonlinear dimension reduction. Iterative prototyping and testing were performed to classify several major subtypes of breast cancer. Overall, the most reliable approach was gentle AdaBoost using an eight-node classification and regression tree as the weak learner. Using the proposed algorithm, a binary classification accuracy of 89% and the multiclass accuracy of 80% were achieved. Throughout the course of the experiments, only 30% of the dataset was used for training.
Photochemistry and photophysics of small heterocyclic molecules: III. Continuous wave CO2 laser chemistry of ethylene oxide (1999)

The gas-phase continuous wave IR laser photolysis of ethylene oxide (oxirane) was examined in the presence of SiF4 as a sensitizer molecule. Acetaldehyde, ethylene, acetylene, methane and carbon monoxide are the resultant gaseous products detected by IR spectroscopy. No significant reaction occurs in the absence of this sensitizing agent or at laser frequencies not resonant with transitions of both oxirane and SiF4. The dependence of the photolysis on laser fluence, gas (total and/or sensitizer) pressure and laser wavelength was examined. The data are consistent with the involvement of highly vibrationally excited oxirane molecules produced by a combination of collisional and radiative processes. The product distribution is consistent with recent ab initio predictions. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bypass of glycan-dependent glycoprotein delivery to ERAD by up-regulated EDEM1 (2011)

Trimming of mannose residues from the N-linked oligosaccharide precursor is a stringent requirement for glycoprotein endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD). In this paper, we show that, surprisingly, overexpression of ER degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like protein 1 (EDEM1) or its up-regulation by IRE1, as occurs in the unfolded protein response, overrides this requirement and renders unnecessary the expression of ER mannosidase I. An EDEM1 deletion mutant lacking most of the carbohydrate-recognition domain also accelerated ERAD, delivering the substrate to XTP3-B and OS9. EDEM1 overexpression also accelerated the degradation of a mutant nonglycosylated substrate. Upon proteasomal inhibition, EDEM1 concentrated together with the ERAD substrate in the pericentriolar ER-derived quality control compartment (ERQC), where ER mannosidase I and ERAD machinery components are localized, including, as we show here, OS9. We suggest that a nascent glycoprotein can normally dissociate from EDEM1 and be rescued from ERAD by reentering calnexin-refolding cycles, a condition terminated by mannose trimming. At high EDEM1 levels, glycoprotein release is prevented and glycan interactions are no longer required, canceling the otherwise mandatory ERAD timing by mannose trimming and accelerating the targeting to degradation.
The distribution of nitric oxide synthase in human corpus cavernosum on various impotent patients (1997)

Recent evidence implicates NO (Nitric oxide) as the principal mediator in an erection. To investigate the role of NO in the human erectile function, we studied the distribution pattern of nitroxergic fibers in the corpus cavernosum specimens obtained from 38 men using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. Diffusely scattered delicate nerve fibers showing blue color reaction after NADPH-d histochemical staining were observed in normal control specimens from potent men. The neurogenic impotence group showed a statistically-significant decrease in the number of positive fibers compared to the normal control group. The number of positive fibers in the non-neurogenic impotence group was decreased compared to the normal control group but was statistically insignificant. With nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunohistochemical stain, immunoreactive nerve bundles were easily seen in normal control specimens from potent men. NOS immunoreactive nerve bundles were contained within the corpus cavernosa which stained with NADPH-d reaction. Our results suggest that nitric oxide, a potent smooth muscle relaxing neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system, plays a physiologic role in erectile function and NADPH-d enzyme histochemical staining on the biopsied corpus cavernosum may be used as an important diagnostic method in the evaluation of neurogenic impotence.
In Commemoration of Heinrich Hora's 60th Birthday July 1, 1991 (1991)

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Stereoselective synthesis of meso-N,N'-dicarbethoxy-2,4-diaminopentane and meso-2,4-diaminopentane (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective synthesis of meso-N,N'-dicarbethoxy-2,4-diaminopentane and meso-2,4-diaminopentaneRobert O. Hutchins and Bruce E. MaryanoffCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 11, 1829–1830Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00976a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00976a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CD44 and CD27 delineate B‐precursor stages with different recombination status and with an uneven distribution in nonmalignant and malignant hematopoiesis (2007)

The expression of CD27 and CD44 correlate with the genotype of B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Based on the expression of these antigens, we identified counterparts of TEL/AML1(pos) and TEL/AML1(neg) leukemic cells in nonmalignant bone marrow. Although CD27 is known as a marker of mature memory B cells, we recently showed that CD27 is also expressed by malignant and nonmalignant B precursors. Here, we show that CD27 and CD44 delineate stages of B-precursor development. Well-established differentiation markers showed that the developmental sequence starts from undetermined progenitors, expressing CD44. Upon B-lineage commitment, cells gain CD27 and lose CD44. The CD27(pos)CD44(neg) (CD27 single positive, 27SP) cells are the earliest stage within CD10(pos)CD19(pos) B precursors and express RAG-1 and TDT. These cells correspond to TEL/AML1(pos) ALL (1/4 pediatric B-precursor ALL). The development follows to CD27/CD44 double-positive (27/44DP) stage, 44SP stage and CD27/CD44 double-negative (27/44DN) stage. Before exit to periphery, CD44 is reexpressed. The 27/44DP cells are mostly large and profoundly suppress RAG-1. Despite their presumably high proliferation potential, 27/44DP cells rarely dominate in leukemia. At 44SP stage, which corresponds to TEL/AML1(neg) leukemias, RAG-1 is reexpressed and Ig light chain gene starts to be rearranged.
The effect of phosphatidylserine containing Omega3 fatty-acids on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial, followed by an open-label extension (2011)

The results of this 30-week study suggest that PS-Omega3 may reduce ADHD symptoms in children. Preliminary analysis suggests that this treatment may be especially effective in a subgroup of hyperactive-impulsive, emotionally and behaviorally-dysregulated ADHD children.
Microscopic Simulation Analysis for Automated Highway System Merging Process (1998)

The automated highway system (AHS) concept with dedicated lanes is not designed as a stand-alone transportation facility. Drivers will by necessity need to drive from their origins to the AHS entrance and from the AHS exit to their final destinations. Therefore, the AHS will affect other transportation facilities and will need to be integrated with all other facilities in the transportation system. Interfaces create much of the congestion for today’s transportation systems. AHS interfaces may cause similar problems, as a result of either AHS interactions with conventional systems or internal limitations from AHS merging capabilities. If these problems exist, either the AHS or the conventional road network cannot function properly. Then the system as a whole will break down, and the AHS could prove a detriment to the overall transportation system. Clearly not enough is known about the automated merging process to determine what conditions would lead to congestion at interface points. Current macroscopic techniques assume parameters that are not applicable to an AHS, and no detailed AHS merging models have been developed and validated. The AHS to conventional roadway interface problem is addressed by presenting a microscopic simulation model for one scenario of the automated merging maneuver. Some numerical results are presented for this merging scenario.