gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synchronous generator field excitation via capacitive coupling through a journal bearing (2016)

Wound field synchronous generators (WFSG) are the standard for back-up and utility scale power generation. Rotor field current and prime mover speed are the only control parameters required to regulate power conversion in a generator application. Maintenance costs may be minimized by adopting non-contact or “brushless” technologies to replace sliding slip ring connections. This paper presents a brushless excitation approach using ceramic insulated sleeve (journal) bearings with oil lubrication to form capacitively coupled slip rings, in contrast to more traditional inductive brushless exciters and rotary transformers. This capacitive power transfer (CPT) approach exhibits advantages including low weight, low volume and has a relatively simple construction using off-the-self components. Analysis, design and prototype construction of the CPT system are presented. Experimental results demonstrate that ∼1.7nF of capacitive coupling transfers 340W to the rotor field winding of a 10kW 208V WFSG. Voltage regulation of a WFSG is demonstrated during steady state and 1 per unit load step changes yielding a NEMA-MG1 class G2 rating.
Designing freeform reflectors for extended sources (2009)

We propose a design method for single reflectors that takes into account extended sources with any arbitrary luminance distribution. This method is suitable for non-uniform prescribed illuminance distributions with arbitrary shapes. We use the method of supporting ellipsoids developed by Oliker in conjunction with optimization in order to control the effects of the source extent. Design examples related to street illumination and LED illumination are presented. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.
Protection from Lipopolysaccharide-induced Lung Injury by Augmentation of Airway S -Nitrosothiols (2009)

Airway SNO serves an antiinflammatory role in the lung. Inhaled ENO can be used to augment airway SNO and protect from LPS-induced acute lung injury.
ELF: a tool for automatic synthesis of custom physical CAD software (1989)

This paper describes how program synthesis techniques can be applied to the generation of technology-sensitive VLSI design tools. We present results from ELF, a synthesis tool for wire-routing software. The ELF synthesis architecture has three key features. First, a very high level language, lacking data structure implementation specifications is used to describe algorithm design styles. Second, routing domain knowledge and generic program synthesis knowledge are used to guide search among candidate design styles for all necessary component algorithms, and to deduce compatible data structure implementations for these components. Third, code generation is used to transform the resulting abstract descriptions of selected algorithms and data structures into final, executable code. Code generation is an incremental, stepwise refinement process. We present experimental results from several correct, fully-functional routers synthesized by ELF from varying high-level specifications.
The Wireless Capsule: New Light in the Darkness (2002)

The development of wireless capsule endoscopy offers the potential to examine the whole small intestine, with its 5-meter length, and has the advantage of being painless. Using a miniature CMOS camera and a short focal length lens, images are obtained, as the optical window of the capsule sweeps past the gut wall, without requiring air inflation of the gut lumen. The capsule endoscope is propelled by peristalsis through the gastrointestinal tract. The video images are transmitted using radiotelemetry to an array of aerials attached to the body which allows image capture. The images are stored on a small portable recorder carried on a belt and subsequently downloaded for analysis. The system allows more than 7 h of continuous recording of images of the gastrointestinal tract. The patients are free to continue their daily routine during the examination. The capsule endoscope has performed well in trials in patients with difficult gastrointestinal bleeding and in comparative studies with push enteroscopy. It has received both a CE mark and FDA approval for use in patients. It has been used to date in about 4,000 patients. The current clinical data are reviewed.
P4‐340: Mucosal vaccination of elk‐PrP transgenic mice to prevent prion transmission via an oral route (2009)

Prion diseases involve the pathological conversion of the normal membrane anchored PrPC into the toxic prion PrPSc. Major outbreaks of prion disease have been linked to oral exposure of the prion agent in animal and human populations. Although the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic is over, chronic wasting disease (CWD) is affecting large numbers of the deer and elk populations in North America, with the potential to spread to humans. No current treatment exists for any prion disease; however, we have previously demonstrated that mucosal vaccination can prevent prion transmission in mice via an oral route. Scaling this mucosal immunization to bovides is hampered by amino acid sequence differences of the specific PrP. To develop an oral vaccine that can be used specifically in elk/deer populations to generate a mucosal immune response that can eventually prevent transmission of CWD. We used attenuated Salmonella LVR01 carrier that was modified to express the specific elk-PrP sequence as a C-terminal fusion of GST under Ptac promoter. The Salmonella expressed elk-PrP following induction by IPTG and were orally inoculated in elk-PrP transgenic mice. Preliminary results show that our Salmonella LVR01 expressing elk PrP, allowed for mucosal delivery and expression of elk-PrP. The inoculated elk-PrP transgenic mice developed a mucosal sIgA titer against the elk-PrP sequence. These promising findings suggest that a known Salmonella carrier can be modified to deliver the elk-PrP sequence. This will likely be a useful tool for overcoming tolerance to species specific PrP, and produce an active immune response that might prevent oral transmission of prion in bovides.
Processing of Aluminum Alloys Containing Displacement Reaction Products (1998)

Aluminum and metal-oxide powders were mixed using mechanical alloying. Exothermic displacement reactions could be initiated in the powders either by mechanical alloying alone or by heat treating the mechanically alloyed powders. Exponential relationships developed between the initiation time of the reaction and the mechanical alloying charge ratio. The exponential relationships were the result of changes in the intensity and quantity of collisions occurring during mechanical alloying. Differential thermal analysis of the mechanically alloyed powders indicated that increased milling time inhibited the initiation of the displacement reactions. It is believed that the reactions were inhibited because of heat dissipation from reacting oxide particles in the surrounding metal. Determining the effects of mechanical alloying on displacement reactions will lead to a more thorough understanding of the kinetics of mechanical alloying. Reacted powders were densified by uniaxial compaction and extrusion. Metallographic analysis of the reacted specimens confirmed the findings of the thermal analysis. Increased mechanical alloying inhibited the chemical reactions. Densified specimens from longer-milled mechanically alloyed specimens showed finer, more uniformly dispersed reaction products. These samples also showed increased mechanical properties as a result of their finer microstructure. Current particle strengthening models were used to accurately predict room temperature properties. Because of the fine microstructures produced, it may be possible to use similar techniques to yield new high-temperature aluminum alloys.
Dynamic Association of NUP98 with the Human Genome (2013)

Faithful execution of developmental gene expression programs occurs at multiple levels and involves many different components such as transcription factors, histone-modification enzymes, and mRNA processing proteins. Recent evidence suggests that nucleoporins, well known components that control nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking, have wide-ranging functions in developmental gene regulation that potentially extend beyond their role in nuclear transport. Whether the unexpected role of nuclear pore proteins in transcription regulation, which initially has been described in fungi and flies, also applies to human cells is unknown. Here we show at a genome-wide level that the nuclear pore protein NUP98 associates with developmentally regulated genes active during human embryonic stem cell differentiation. Overexpression of a dominant negative fragment of NUP98 levels decreases expression levels of NUP98-bound genes. In addition, we identify two modes of developmental gene regulation by NUP98 that are differentiated by the spatial localization of NUP98 target genes. Genes in the initial stage of developmental induction can associate with NUP98 that is embedded in the nuclear pores at the nuclear periphery. Alternatively, genes that are highly induced can interact with NUP98 in the nuclear interior, away from the nuclear pores. This work demonstrates for the first time that NUP98 dynamically associates with the human genome during differentiation, revealing a role of a nuclear pore protein in regulating developmental gene expression programs.
Machine learning-based multiple cancer detections with circulating miRNA profiles in the blood. (2021)

3037 Background: Early detection of cancer is one of the most important unmet clinical demands. A wide variety of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) that specifically indicate many types of cancer have been identified, and their miRNA expression profiles are considered as potential biomarkers. Therefore, circulating miRNAs may serve as a non-invasive liquid biopsy diagnostic tool for early detection of many types of cancer. Here, a novel blood-based diagnostic method combined with machine learning techniques is developed using the entire circulating miRNA expression repertoire in serum without prior selection of miRNA marker sets. Methods: To validate this diagnostic method, clinical serum samples from cancer patients with five types of cancer (breast cancer(272), colorectal cancer(239), lung cancer(223), stomach cancer(221) and pancreatic cancer(100)) and 289 non-cancer volunteers were collected. Serum samples were immediately processed and their small RNAs were extracted. The entire miRNA expression profile is analyzed via next generation sequencers. The resulting total miRNA expression profile was used to train machine learning models, including deep learning techniques, without prior selection of miRNAs by human intervention. The machine learning model was trained with a training set to test set ratio of 4:1 and was carefully monitored by 5-fold cross-validation to avoid overfitting. Results: The diagnostic model provided 88% accuracy for all five cancer types (mean). The overall average AUROC was 0.954. Especially for breast cancer, the machine learning model provided 90% accuracy and 91 % sensitivity at 90% specificity. The overall AUROC was 0.966. High sensitivity was obtained regardless of the stage of the cancers, indicating that the possibility of early detection of cancer is kept high. Conclusions: Circulating miRNAs can be informative biomarkers for the earliest cancer detection in combination with machine learning. Unlike other cancer diagnostic methods where only a handful number of biomarkers are considered, this novel miRNA diagnostic platform method that uses machine learning reads a large set of miRNA expression profiles and automatically extracts the specific patterns of miRNA expression for early detection of multiple cancer types. In addition, the main advantage of miRNA-based cancer diagnosis is that they are more sensitive even in the early stages of cancer, compared to other diagnostic methods, such as cell-free DNA diagnostics, where the sensitivity of many types of cancer in the early stages still remains low. This approach could be easily expanded to other cancer types. Given the potential value of early detection in fatal malignancies, further validation studies are justified in future population-based studies. Many cancer research institutes are currently conducting further clinical trials to validate this early cancer diagnosis based on miRNA expression profiles.
Current and future miniature refrigeration cooling technologies for high power microelectronics (2002)

Utilizing refrigeration may provide the only means by which future high-performance electronic chips can be maintained below predicted maximum temperature limits. Widespread application of refrigeration in electronic packaging will remain limited, until the refrigerators can be made sufficiently small so that they can be easily incorporated within the packaging. A review of existing microscale and mesoscale refrigeration systems revealed that only thermoelectric coolers (TECs) are now commercially available in small sizes. However, existing TECs are limited by their maximum cooling power and low efficiencies. A simple model was constructed to analyze the performance of both existing and predicted future TECs, in an electronic packaging environment. Comparison with the cooling provided by an existing high-performance fan shows that they are most effective for heat loads less than approximately 100 W, but that for higher heat loads, fan air cooling actually yields a lower junction temperature. Thermal resistance between the refrigerator and the chip is not as critical as the thermal resistance between the refrigerator and the ambient air.
Modern-Day Cardio-Oncology: A Report from the ‘Heart Failure and World Congress on Acute Heart Failure 2018’ (2018)

During the 'Heart Failure and World Congress on Acute Heart Failure 2018', many sessions and lectures focused on cardio-oncology. This important field of research is constantly growing, and therefore, a great amount of time during the congress focused on it. Prevention and early recognition of side effects is very important in cancer patients. One of the most common and potentially severe problems during antineoplastic therapy is cardiotoxicity. Hence, cardio-oncology is vital in managing cancer patients. This paper will summarize the topics discussed in three main sessions and many additional lectures throughout the 'Heart Failure and World Congress on Acute Heart Failure 2018'. The covered topics included pathophysiological mechanisms in the development of heart failure, risk factors, and early signs of cardiotoxicity detectable with different circulating and imaging biomarkers, as well as cardioprotective treatments recommended by different guidelines and position papers.
A 12 GHz All-Digital PLL with linearized chirps for FMCW Radar (2019)

An accumulator based all-digital PLL for linear FMCW chirp generation is proposed. Operating at a Reference Frequency of 128 MHz the Phase Noise at 100 kHz offset measures -80 dBc/Hz. The proposed chirp linearization scheme allows for a wide range of chirp periods from 40 us up to 200 ms with an RMS Frequency Error of down to 7.26 kHz for slow and 882 kHz for fast chirps. Without dithering, the digitally, switched capacitor controlled oscillator presented in this work achieves an average step size of below 25 kHz while ranging from 11.596 GHz to 12.783 GHz.
High‐Molecular‐Weight Insulating Polymers Can Improve the Performance of Molecular Solar Cells (2014)

The addition of small quantities of polystyrene (PS) is a simple and economically viable process that improves the power conversion efficiency of one of the most efficient small molecule donors. Addition of PS increases the solution viscosity, thereby providing thicker layers, and allows the formation of a desirable bulk heterojunction morphology. Moreover, the PS spontaneously accumulates as phase separated domains, away from the electrodes, so as not to interfere with charge extraction.
Rapid Expansion of Tumor-Specific T Cells Using Nanoparticle-Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (aAPCs) (2016)

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of tumor-specific T cells for the treatment of cancer has been used to mediate durable responses in multiple malignancies. However, despite its significant therapeutic potential, the routine use of ACT has been limited. This has been due, in large part, to the high cost, intricate and labor-intensive methods required to successfully generate autologous antigen-specific T cells. Here, we report on the application of a recently described novel nanoparticle-based method for expansion of tumor-specific T cells from normal human donors. CD8+ T cells were isolated from normal human donors and incubated with aAPCs specific for the melanoma antigen MART1. The mixture of T cells and aAPCs was passed through a magnetic column as per the "Enrichment and Expansion" (E+E) method described by Perica et al. The isolated T cells were plated and expanded for 14 days using autologous serum and T cell growth factor (TF). On days 0, 7 and 14, T cell cultures were evaluated for percent of antigen specificity, total cell number expansion, differentiation phenotype, polyfunctionality and expression of exhaustion markers. Average percentages of MART1-specific T cells were 0.17%, 17.5% and 70% on days 0, 7 and 14, respectively. Average Total MART1-specific cells were 42, 8,650 and 421,705 on days 0, 7 and 14, respectively. These cell numbers represent an average fold change 186-fold on day 7 and 9207-fold on day 14. Analysis of differentiation phenotype revealed that on Day 0 most T cells in the cultures were of the naïve phenotype (CD62L+, CD45RA+) while on days 7 and 14 the majority of the MART1 specific T cells were of the central memory phenotype (CD62L+, CD45RA-). In addition, analysis of the of the polyfunctionality (i.e. expression of IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, MIP-1-beta, CD107) of MART1-specific T cells on day 14 showed that T cell cultures obtained via E+E were highly polyfunctional with 47.6% of the MART1 specific T cells in the cultures expressing all 5 markers listed above. Finally, expression of PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3 and LAG-3 was not significantly elevated in the MART1-specific T cells obtained via E+E. The previously described E+E method is a feasible, simple and streamlined approach for the rapid expansion of human tumor-specific T cells. Here we show that by using this method we were able to generate large numbers of highly-specific MART1 T cells. In addition these cells were of the central memory phenotype, highly polyfunctional and did not show evidence of exhaustion. All these are desirable characteristics of anti-tumor T cells that can be used in ACT protocols.
Queue size estimation of nodes in a heterogeneous ocean network with multiple priority traffic (2020)

Ocean network is a heterogeneous wireless network of fishing vessels at sea to provide internet over sea. The types of messages exchanged between fishing vessels include emergency data, normal data, voice and video messages. As the connectivity is intermittent, it is necessary to select the most appropriate message from the transmission queue for forwarding. This paper focuses on designing a queuing model with multiple priorities to estimate the queue size of each type of message in a node. Solving the steady state equations gives the number of emergency packets, data packets, audio packets and video packets waiting in the node to be transmitted. Hence the message dissemination algorithm can select the appropriate queue for transmitting the message to maximise the available resources with fairness.
Resource Allocation With Partially Overlapping Filtered Multitone in Cognitive Heterogeneous Networks (2016)

Partially overlapping tones have recently been offered as a new solution to reduce the other user interference in cognitive heterogeneous networks. By introducing intentional carrier frequency shift, the users can exploit the gaps between the subcarriers. In this letter, we perform game theoretical resource allocation with partially overlapping filtered multitone signaling. To achieve the resource allocation, a secondary base station slides a group of consecutive subcarriers through all available ones and computes the utility for each selected subcarriers. It picks the consecutive ones, which give the highest capacity result. By performing this scheme, the other user interference is reduced significantly with a slightly slower convergence rate.
DSA planarization approach to solve pattern density issue (2015)

Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) of Block Copolymers (BCP) is one of the most promising solutions for sub-10 nm nodes. However, some challenges need to be addressed for a complete adoption of DSA in manufacturing such as achieving DSA-friendly design, low defectivity and accurate pattern placement. In this paper, we propose to discuss the DSA integration flows using graphoepitaxy for contact-hole patterning application. DSA process dependence on guiding pattern density has been studied and solved thanks to a new approach called “DSA planarization”. The capabilities of this new approach have been evaluated in terms of defectivity, Critical Dimension (CD) control and uniformity before and after DSA etching transfer.
Development of a competitive hybridization/ELISA assay for the determination of GRN163 and GRN163L in plasma. (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

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GRN163 and GRN163L are identical 13-mer thio-phosphoramidate oligonucleotides (the latter is lipid modified) that are potent and specific inhibitors of telomerase and which have shown efficacy in multiple human cancers in vitro and in vivo . Both compounds are completing IND-enabling preclinical studies. In order to support the advancement of one or both compounds into clinical development, a specific, accurate, precise and sensitive heterogeneous hybridization/enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay has been developed for the quantitation of thio-phosphoramidate oligonucleotides (GRN163 and its lipid-conjugated form, GRN163L) in plasma using a 96-well plate format. The principle of the assay is based on competitive binding of the analyte with a signal analogue for a complementary oligonucleotide sequence containing biotin at the 3’end. The resulting hybridization complexes are captured onto the surface of neutravidin-coated microtiter plates and signal detected using a fluorescence microtiter plate reader. Since the assay is competitive, the response is inversely proportional to the amount of GRN163 or GRN163L present in the sample. The assay is selective for the specific sequence tested, with a linear range of 0.2 to 4 nM. Intra- and inter-assay accuracy for the method is within 80-120% of the actual value. Intra- and inter-assay precision has a coefficient of variation less than 20%. The lower limit of quantification of the method is 0.2 nM with 100 ul plasma (absolute amount of 20 pmol analyte). Results of this assay applied to the analysis of plasma samples in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies supporting intermittent dosing will be presented.