gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh-Q photonic crystal cavities in silicon rich nitride (2017)

Ultrahigh-Q Photonic Crystal cavities were realized in a suspended Silicon Rich Nitride (SiNx) platform for applications at telecom wavelengths. Using a line width modulated cavity design we achieved a simulated Q of 520,000 with a modal volume of 0.77(λ/n)<sup>3</sup>. The fabricated cavities were measured using the resonance scattering technique and we demonstrated a measured Q of 120,000. The experimental spectra at different input power also indicate that the non-linear losses are negligible in this material platform.
Mechanical Response of DNA–Nanoparticle Crystals to Controlled Deformation (2016)

The self-assembly of DNA-conjugated nanoparticles represents a promising avenue toward the design of engineered hierarchical materials. By using DNA to encode nanoscale interactions, macroscale crystals can be formed with mechanical properties that can, at least in principle, be tuned. Here we present <i>in silico</i> evidence that the mechanical response of these assemblies can indeed be controlled, and that subtle modifications of the linking DNA sequences can change the Young's modulus from 97 kPa to 2.1 MPa. We rely on a detailed molecular model to quantify the energetics of DNA-nanoparticle assembly and demonstrate that the mechanical response is governed by entropic, rather than enthalpic, contributions and that the response of the entire network can be estimated from the elastic properties of an individual nanoparticle. The results here provide a first step toward the mechanical characterization of DNA-nanoparticle assemblies, and suggest the possibility of mechanical metamaterials constructed using DNA.
Nanosecond optical quenching of photoconductivity in a bulk GaAs switch (1989)

Persistent photoconductivity in copper-compensated, silicon-doped semi-insulating gallium arsenide with a time constant as large as 30 μs has been excited by sub-band-gap laser radiation of photon energy greater than 1 eV. This photoconductivity has been quenched on a nanosecond time scale by laser radiation of photon energy less than 1 eV. The proven ability to turn the switch conductance on and off on command, and to scale the switch to high power could make this semiconductor material the basis of an optically controlled pulsed-power closing and opening switch.
ISSUES, ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES TOWARDS INTEGRATION OF HIGH-k DIELECTRICS (2002)

Once the thickness of the gate dielectric layer in CMOS devices gets thinner than 1.2 nm, excessive gate leakage due to direct tunneling makes the use of alternative materials obligatory. Candidate high-k materials are metal oxides such as Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 and HfO 2 as well as their mixtures. Very promising results have been reported world-wide. Here, however, we show that there are a number of issues related to materials and electrical characteristics as well as to processing which are not always recognized and that necessitate more work to find solutions. Among these are problems with density, interface layer growth and island formation which are clearly related to the deposition process. Also thermal instabilities as well as interactions between the high-k material and poly-Si need attention. Further possible show-stoppers are electrical reliability issues and strongly reduced carrier mobility.
D-band frequency synthesis using a U-band PLL and frequency tripler in 65nm CMOS technology (2012)

This paper presents a digitally controlled frequency synthesizer in 65nm CMOS technology for D-band transceiver applications. The synthesizer uses a low frequency U Band (44–48 GHz) phase-locked loop to track a 50 MHz reference and then employs an injection locked frequency tripler (ILFT) to provide output that can be tuned between 130 and 133 GHz. The proposed D-band synthesizer offers a directly measured phase noise of −82.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier and consumes 92mW of power. The entire syntheszier occupies 0.68mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of silicon area.
Management of Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures (2015)

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has developed Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) on the Management of Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures (PSHF). Evidence-based information, in conjunction with the clinical expertise of physicians, was used to develop the criteria to improve patient care and obtain the best outcomes while considering the subtleties and distinctions necessary in making clinical decisions. The PSHF AUC clinical patient scenarios were derived from patient indications that generally accompany a PSHF as well as from current evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and supporting literature. The 220 patient scenarios and 14 treatments were developed by the Writing Panel, a group of clinicians who are specialists in this AUC topic. Next, the Review Panel, a separate group of volunteer physicians, independently reviewed these materials to ensure that they were representative of patient scenarios that clinicians are likely to encounter in daily practice. Finally, the multidisciplinary Voting Panel (made up of specialists and nonspecialists) rated the appropriateness of treatment of each patient scenario using a 9-point scale to designate a treatment as Appropriate (median rating, 7 to 9), May Be Appropriate (median rating, 4 to 6), or Rarely Appropriate (median rating, 1 to 3).
Author response: Functional CDKN2A assay identifies frequent deleterious alleles misclassified as variants of uncertain significance (2021)

Over 40% of CDKN2A variants of uncertain significance identified in patients with pancreatic cancer are functionally deleterious and can be reclassified as likely pathogenic with implications for care of patients and their relatives.
Implications of area-array I/O for row-based placement methodology (2002)

We empirically study the implications of area-array I/O for placement methodology. Our work develops a three-axis testbed that examines (1) I/O pad regime (area-array vs. peripheral pad locations), (2) I/O and core placement methodology (variants of alternating vs. simultaneous I/O and core placement approaches), and (3) placement engine (hierarchical quadratic for both core and I/O cells vs. pure min-cut for core cells and assignment for I/O). Experimental data show that the area-array I/O regime is rather more forgiving of bad placement methodologies than the peripheral I/O regime. On the other hand, the wrong methodology can still entail substantial losses in solution quality and efficiency.
Use of unrelated marrow grafts compensates for reduced graft-versus- leukemia reactivity after T-cell-depleted allogeneic marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia (1995)

The effect of donor/recipient histocompatibility on relapse in patients receiving T-cell-depleted (TCD) grafts for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was evaluated. Specifically, we sought to determine whether TCD results in an attenuation of the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect on recipients of unrelated marrow grafts similar to that observed in HLA-identical sibling marrow transplantations. This question was addressed by comparative analysis of the relapse rates in marrow grafts who otherwise received identical preparative regimens and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis schedules (T-cell depletion with T10B9 monoclonal antibody and complement plus posttransplant cyclosporine) and by serial molecular analyses using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the bcr/abl RNA transcript in patients transplanted with unrelated donor grafts. Patients transplanted with advanced disease (accelerated phase or blast crisis) had equally high relapse rates, regardless of whether they received HLA-identical sibling (56%;95% confidence interval [CI], 29% to 82%) or unrelated marrow grafts (8%; 95% CI, 0% to 28%) had a significantly lower incidence of relapse than did patients transplanted with HLA-identical marrow grafts (47%; 95% CI, 23% to 71%; P = .002). Because all patients were similarly treated, these data indicate that the lower relapse rate in these unrelated patients was caused by an augmented GVL effect that was most likely attributable to increased HLA disparity between donor and recipient. The probability of developing both acute and chronic GVHD was significantly increased in chronic-phase recipients of unrelated marrow grafts, suggesting that the enhanced GVL effect was at least partly GVHD-associated. The lack of such a finding in advanced disease patient receiving unrelated marrow grafts raises the possibility that clinically significant GVL effect after TCD marrow transplantation was limited and confined to patients with more indolent disease. Serial PCR analyses for the presence of the bcr/abl RNA transcript showed that the vast majority of patients transplanted in chronic phase with unrelated marrow grafts were persistently PCR-negative, indicating that the GVL effect was durable in these patients. Most of these patients were observed to become PCR negative within 1 to 2 months after transplantation, showing that early eradication of leukemia was possible with TCD marrow grafts. This study shows that the use of unrelated marrow grafts compensates for reduced GVL reactivity associated with TCD in patients transplanted for CML. Furthermore, these data indicate that, in selected patient populations with CML, TCD can be used to reduce GVHD without a commensurate compromise in the GVL effect.
Effect of Branching on Two‐Photon Absorption in Triphenylbenzene Derivatives (2007)

The photophysical and linear and nonlinear spectral properties of octupolar compounds with a triphenylbenzene core are investigated and compared with properties of corresponding dipolar branches. A correlation is found between the solvatochromic behavior and the two-photon absorption cross section. Moreover, the nature of the core is found to be responsible for the nature of the coupling between branches; in the studied case only (weak) electrostatic interactions are effective, while other cores, like the triphenylamine moiety, are able to promote coherent coupling between the branches, leading to strongly nonadditive properties.
First Experimental Bit-Error-Rate Validation of 12.5-Gb/s Silicon Modulator Enabling Photonic Networks-on-Chip (2010)

Error-free 12.5-Gb/s operation of silicon microring resonator electro-optic modulator is experimentally demonstrated, with bit-error-rate and power penalty performance metrics measured using system-level comparative analysis for varying modulation rates. Results show functional feasibility for photonic networks-on-chip.
Molecular Diagnostics (2003)

It is increasingly evident that molecular diagnostics, that is, the use of diagnostic testing to understand the molecular mechanisms of an individual patient's disease, will be pivotal in the delivery of safe and effective therapy for many diseases in the future. A huge body of new information on the genetic, genomic and proteomic profiles of different hematopoietic diseases is accumulating. This chapter focuses on new technologies and advancements in understanding the molecular basis of hematologic disorders, providing an overview of new information and its significance to patient care. In Section I, Dr. Braziel discusses the impact of new genetic information and research technologies on the actual practice of diagnostic molecular hematopathology. Recent and projected changes in methodologies and analytical strategies used by clinical molecular diagnostics laboratories for the evaluation of hematologic disorders will be discussed, and some of the challenges to clinical implementation of new molecular information and techniques will be highlighted. In Section II, Dr. Shipp provides an update on current scientific knowledge in the genomic profiling of malignant lymphomas, and describes some of the technical aspects of gene expression profiling. Analysis methods and the actual and potential clinical and therapeutic applications of information obtained from genomic profiling of malignant lymphomas are discussed. In Section III, Dr. Liotta presents an update on proteomic analysis, a new and very active area of research in hematopoietic malignancies. He describes new technologies for rapid identification of different important proteins and protein networks, and the potential therapeutic and prognostic value of the elucidation of these proteins and protein pathways in the clinical care of patients with malignant lymphomas.
Posttraumatic GABAA-Mediated [Ca2+]i Increase Is Essential for the Induction of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Dependent Survival of Mature Central Neurons (2008)

A shift of GABA(A)-mediated responses from hyperpolarizing to depolarizing after neuronal injury leads to GABA(A)-mediated increase in [Ca2+](i). In addition, central neurons become dependent on BDNF for survival. Whether these two mechanisms are causally interrelated is an open question. Here, we show in lesioned CA3 hippocampal neurons in vitro and in axotomized corticospinal neurons in vivo that posttraumatic downregulation of the neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 leads to intracellular chloride accumulation by the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1, resulting in GABA-induced [Ca2+](i) transients. This mechanism is required by a population of neurons to survive in a BDNF-dependent manner after injury, because blocking GABA(A)-depolarization with the NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide prevents the loss of neurons on BDNF withdrawal. The resurgence of KCC2 expression during recovery coincides with loss of BDNF dependency for survival. This is likely mediated through BDNF itself, because injured neurons reverse their response to this neurotrophin by switching the BDNF-induced downregulation of KCC2 to upregulation.
Local Stability of a New Adaptive Queue Management (AQM) Scheme (2004)

In this letter, we propose a new Adaptive Queue Management scheme based on the virtual queue size and the aggregate flow rate. Our proposal is tailored for the widely deployed TCP Reno and does not require modifications to TCP end users. We prove that our scheme can guarantee local stability for a network with an arbitrary topology and heterogeneous round-trip times for TCP users.
Effects of Variation of Axial Load on Seismic Performance of Shear Deficient RC Exterior BCJs (2018)

The focus of this paper is to investigate the effect of column axial load levels on the performance of shear deficient reinforced concrete beam column joints (BCJs) under monotonic and cyclic loading. The problem of interaction between shear stress in BCJ and axial load on column has been addressed in this work by initially postulating a mechanistic model and substantiated by an experimental test program. This was achieved by conducting appropriate tests on seven BCJ sub-assemblies subjected to monotonic and reversed cyclic loading, with varying levels of the column axial load. Experimental results were further validated using a finite element model in an ABAQUS environment. The effect of variation of compressive strength of concrete was considered in a subsequent parametric study, in order to obtain sufficient data, and utilized to develop a new shear strength model for BCJs which includes influences of all the important parameters required to predict the shear strength of BCJs. The results showed that column axial load affects the seismic performance of BCJs significantly. Experimental results demonstrated that at initial stages of loading, increase in axial load enhances the shear capacity of the joint and reduces its ductility. However, when the column axial load/axial strength ratio increases to about 0.6–0.7, shear strength starts to decrease rapidly, leading to pure axial failure of the joint. The magnitude of axial load/axial capacity ratio also dictates the failure mode and development of crack patterns in BCJs. Results of reverse cyclic tests on BCJs showed that high value of axial load/axial capacity ratio increases the initial stiffness of BCJ but rate of stiffness degradation is accelerated after peak strength attenuation.
Current Distribution on a Rotating Disk Electrode below the Mass‐Transfer‐Limited Current: Correction for Finite Schmidt Number and Determination of Surface Charge Distribution (1998)

The two‐dimensional model for the current distribution on a rotating disk below the mass‐transfer‐limited current developed by Newman is extended here to account for the influence of a finite Schmidt number and to provide the charge distribution in the diffuse part of the double layer. A polynomial expansion in terms of is developed for the dimensionless concentration derivative at the electrode surface. The charge distribution is estimated under the assumption that specific adsorption can be neglected. This approach requires introduction of only one additional parameter corresponding to the distance between the metal surface and the plane of closest approach for solvated ions. Zero‐frequency asymptotes for the local impedance values, determined from the steady‐state calculations, are used to establish the need for a two‐dimensional model for the impedance response of a disk electrode.
Optofluidic debubbling via a negative optical gradient force (2014)

This Letter describes the generation and removal of air bubbles from a fluid using an optofluidic platform. A T-junction geometry was used to generate air bubbles, and a negative optical gradient force subsequently removed the generated bubbles from the main stream. A numerical analysis was performed to predict and interpret the system performance. The optical gradient force was calculated using geometric optics models. A modified viscous drag force was applied when the bubble size was comparable to the channel's geometric dimensions. The Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline and air flow rates were adjusted to control the air bubble size and bubble generation frequency. Despite displaying a substantial increase in the viscous drag force as the bubble size approached the channel dimensions, the bubbles could be readily removed from the main fluid stream under appropriate optofluidic circumstances.
Supplementary Figure S3 from ERK Inhibitor LY3214996 Targets ERK Pathway–Driven Cancers: A Therapeutic Approach Toward Precision Medicine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Inhibition of downstream signaling by LY3214996 in a BRAF-mutant A375 melanoma cells (A) and MEK1 mutant SW48 colorectal cancer cells (B).&lt;/p&gt;
Demonstration of shift, scale, and rotation invariant target recognition using the hybrid opto-electronic correlator (2019)

Previously, we had proposed a hybrid opto-electronic correlator (HOC), which can achieve the same functionality as that of a holographic optical correlator but without using any holographic medium. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that the HOC is capable of detecting objects in a scale, rotation, and shift invariant manner. First, the polar Mellin transformed (PMT) versions of two images are produced, using a combination of optical and electronic signal processing. The PMT images are then used as the reference and the query inputs for the HOC. The observed correlation signal is used to infer, with high accuracy, the relative scale and angular orientation of the original images. We also discuss practical constraints in reaching a high-speed implementation of such a system. In addition, we describe how these challenges may be overcome for producing an automated version of such a correlator.
Combined time and code division scheduling for enhanced uplink packet access in WCDMA (2005)

This paper contains an evaluation of three different time and code division schedulers, for data transmission on enhanced dedicated channel (E-DCH) in WCDMA uplink. Time scheduling on E-DCH is possible thanks to fast node B scheduling operation on a transmission time interval (TTI) basis. Time scheduling allows for allocating users for transmission with instantaneously high data rates, and possibly when they experience favourable channel conditions. The system capacity can therefore be increased, also because interference generated to other cells is reduced. We apply a combined time and code division scheduling strategy in three different cases: a "blind fair throughput" scheduler (BFT), a "maximise transmit power efficiency" scheduler (MTPE) and a "channel-state aware fair throughput" scheduler (CSAFT). The two latter schedulers utilise an appositely defined uplink channel quality indicator (UCQI) to exploit channel-state information in the packet scheduling procedure. While the MTPE scheduler maximises cell throughput at the cost of at low degree of fairness between users, the CSAFT algorithm is shown to offer an appealing trade-off between users' fairness and throughput maximisation. Under a specific outage constraint for the packet call throughput, the capacity gain of the CSAFT scheduler over a node B code division scheduler is 17% and 30% for vehicular A and pedestrian A channel profile at 3 km/h, respectively. The estimated capacity increase compared to a reference RNC-based scheduler is estimated between 50% and 80%, also depending on the propagation scenario.
Scaling up of 3D printed and Ni/Al2O3coated reactors for CO2methanation (2019)

This study presents the innovative Ni/alumina coated structured metal supports manufactured by 3D-printing technique and their methane productivity comparison in two different experimental set-ups: a lab scale reactor and a mini-pilot scale reactor.
Device Performance Improvement of PMOS Devices Fabricated by $\hbox{B}_{2}\hbox{H}_{6}$ PIII/PLAD Processing (2007)

It has been shown that plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII)/plasma doping (PLAD) processing offers unique advantages over conventional beam-line ion implant systems, including system simplicity, lower cost, higher throughput, and device performance improvements. A 78-nm channel length PMOS device, which is fabricated by a B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> /H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> PIII/PLAD process on source/drain doping, can offer better device performance that includes a 50% lower contact resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CS</sub> ), 11%-16% higher drive current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> ), and transconductance (KL) than those fabricated by beam-line implantation. The physical mechanisms behind the device performance improvement can be correlated to the much lower R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CS</sub> , which in turn results from the unique dopant profiles of the PIII/PLAD process.
L5 Spondylolysis Repair (2013)

CRITICAL POINTS Must Know ◾ Isthmic spondylolysis is a bony defect at the level of the pars interarticularis. ◾ It is a common source of back pain in children and adults. ◾ The first line of therapy is conservative. ◾ If pain persists, surgical options include arthrodesis with or without instrumentation, or direct pars defect repair.