gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Analysis of Spider Silk Films (2006)

Due to their outstanding mechanical properties, spider silks have fascinated men for a long time. Silk is composed of proteins which can not only be processed into fibers, as found in nature, but also be cast to form films in vitro. Starting with a protein solution in hexafluoroisopropanol, we were able to cast films with different properties deviated from the two spider silk proteins employed. All as-cast films revealed an α-helixrich structure and were water soluble. However, the secondary structure of One-protein films (silk films cast from one spider silk protein) could be converted from an α-helical rich to a β-sheet rich secondary structure by post-cast treatment with methanol or potassium phosphate. The structural conversion was accompanied by a higher stability as seen by water-insolubility. Depending on the employed proteins, silk films were stable in protein denaturants such as urea and guanidinium hydrochloride. Strikingly, Two-protein films (silk films cast from a mixture of both spider silk proteins) showed properties derived from both proteins, indicating that the process of film casting based on silk proteins is closely related to film casting of traditional chemical polymers. Our results reveal novel possibilities to generate protein films for applications that demand stable biocompatible polymer films.
CD4 T-Cell Count and HIV-1 Infection in Adults With Uncomplicated Malaria (2006)

Interpretation of absolute CD4 count might be biased during or just after a clinical malaria episode. Therefore, in malaria-endemic areas, before taking any decision on the management of HIV-1-positive individuals, their malaria status should be assessed.
Interface engineering for the suppression of ambipolar behavior in Schottky-barrier MOSFETs (2009)

We study the suppression of ambipolar behavior of Schottky-barrier MOSFETs using an interface engineering approach. Inserting a thin silicon nitride layer between the metallic source/drain electrodes and the silicon yields low Schottky barriers and results in unipolar device characteristics demonstrated with pseudo-MOSFETs. Simulations support the observed suppression and show that with appropriate silicon nitride thickness the metal-induced-gap states can be suppressed and hence the properties of the contact can be tuned from metal-semiconductor-like to the behavior of a doped-contact. Furthermore, there is a trade-off between suppression of the ambipolar behavior, contact length and on-state current.
Generative Policies for Coalition Systems - A Symbolic Learning Framework (2019)

Policy systems are critical for managing missions and collaborative activities carried out by coalitions involving different organizations. Conventional policy-based management approaches are not suitable for next-generation coalitions that will involve not only humans, but also autonomous computing devices and systems. It is critical that those parties be able to generate and customize policies based on contexts and activities. This paper introduces a novel approach for the autonomic generation of policies by autonomous parties. The framework combines context free grammars, answer set programs, and inductionbased learning. It allows a party to generate its own policies, based on a grammar and some semantic constraints, by learning from examples. The paper also outlines initial experiments in the use of such a symbolic approach and outlines relevant research challenges, ranging from explainability to quality assessment of policies.
Ordering of Sphere Forming SISO Tetrablock Terpolymers on a Simple Hexagonal Lattice (2011)

Hexagonally ordered spherical and cylindrical morphologies (P6/mmm and P6/mm space group symmetries) have been identified in bulk poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (SISO) tetrablock terpolymers. These materials were synthesized by adding up to 32% by volume O blocks to a parent hydroxy-terminated SIS triblock copolymer containing 40% S by volume, and the resulting morphologies were characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. Disordered, spherical and cylindrical phases were documented with increasing O content, where both ordered states exhibit hexagonal symmetry. Theoretical calculations based on a numerical self-consistent field theory for polymers provide crucial insights into the molecular configurations associated with these morphologies. These results offer a new approach to independently control domain shape and packing in block copolymer melts through manipulation of the magnitude and sequencing of the binary segment–segment interactions (χSI ≤ χSO ≪ χIO), which dictate core segregation and the effective interdomain interactions.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Metronomic Docetaxel in PRINT Nanoparticles and EZH2 Silencing Have Synergistic Antitumor Effect in Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 2261K, Characterization and efficacy of Chitosan nanoparticles.&lt;/p&gt;
Superresolution beyond the diffraction limit using phase spatial light modulator between incoherently illuminated objects and the entrance of an imaging system (2019)

We present a superresolution technique for imaging objects beyond the diffraction limit imposed by the limited numerical aperture (NA) of a general optical system. A coded phase mask (CPM) displayed on a spatial light modulator is introduced between the object and the input aperture of an ordinary lens-based imaging system. Consequently, the effective NA is increased beyond the inherent NA of the optical imaging system. Unlike conventional systems, the imaging in our proposed method is not direct from an object to a sensor, and the system requires a one-time calibration. In the calibration mode, a point object is mounted in the object plane, and the point spread intensity pattern is recorded. Following the calibration, the system is ready for imaging an arbitrary number of 2D objects. The intensity pattern from any object placed at the same axial location of the point object, and modulated by the same CPM, is recorded once by a digital camera. The superresolved image of the object is reconstructed by a nonlinear cross-correlation between the abovementioned two intensity patterns. The effective NA and the new resolution limit can be tuned by changing the scattering degree of the CPM.
Novel Macrocyclic Antagonists of the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor: Design, Realization, and Structural Characterization of Protein–Ligand Complexes (2022)

A series of macrocyclic calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists identified using structure-based design principles, exemplified by HTL0028016 (<b>1</b>) and HTL0028125 (<b>2</b>), is described. Structural characterization by X-ray crystallography of the interaction of two of the macrocycle antagonists with the CGRP receptor ectodomain is described, along with structure-activity relationships associated with point changes to the macrocyclic antagonists. The identification of non-peptidic/natural product-derived, macrocyclic ligands for a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) is noteworthy.
A Hermitian Positive Definite neural network for micro-Doppler complex covariance processing (2019)

International audience
Modeling of Diesel Combustion and NO Emissions Based on a Modified Eddy Dissipation Concept (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper reports the development of a model of diesel combustion and NO emissions, based on a modified eddy dissipation concept (EDC), and its implementation into the KIVA-3V multidimensional simulation. The EDC model allows for more realistic representation of the thin sub-grid scale reaction zone as well as the small-scale molecular mixing processes. Realistic chemical kinetic mechanisms for n-heptane combustion and NOx formation processes are fully incorporated. A model based on the normalized fuel mass fraction is implemented to transition between ignition and combustion. The modeling approach has been validated by comparison with experimental data for a range of operating conditions. Predicted cylinder pressure and heat release rates agree well with measurements. The predictions for NO concentration show a consistent trend with experiments. Overall, the results demonstrate the improved capability of the model for predictions of the combustion process.&lt;/div&gt;
Observation of $B^{0}_{s}$ – $\overline{B}{}^{0}_{s}$ mixing and measurement of mixing frequencies using semileptonic B decays (2013)

The B 0 s and B 0 mixing frequencies, m s and m d , are measured using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb -1 collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at a centre of mass energy of 7 TeV during 2011. Around 1.8 10 6 candidate events are selected of the type B 0 (s) D - (s) + (+ anything), where about half are from peaking and combinatorial backgrounds. To determine the B decay times, a correction is required for the momentum carried by missing particles, which is performed using a simulation-based statistical method. Associated production of muons or mesons allows us to tag the initialstate flavour and so to resolve oscillations due to mixing. We obtain m s = 17.93 0.22(stat) 0.15(syst) ps -1 , m d = 0.503 0.011(stat) 0.013(syst) ps -1 .
BMI1 enables interspecies chimerism with human pluripotent stem cells (2018)

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) exhibit very limited contribution to interspecies chimeras. One explanation is that the conventional hPSCs are in a primed state and so unable to form chimeras in pre-implantation embryos. Here, we show that the conventional hPSCs undergo rapid apoptosis when injected into mouse pre-implantation embryos. While, forced-expression of BMI1, a polycomb factor in hPSCs overcomes the apoptosis and enables hPSCs to integrate into mouse pre-implantation embryos and subsequently contribute to chimeras with both embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues. In addition, BMI1 also enables hPSCs to integrate into pre-implantation embryos of other species, such as rabbit and pig. Notably, BMI1 high expression and anti-apoptosis are also indicators for naïve hPSCs to form chimera in mouse embryos. Together, our findings reveal that the apoptosis is an initial barrier in interspecies chimerism using hPSCs and provide a rational to improve it.
Treatment of acute bleeding in acquired haemophilia A with recombinant activated factor VII: analysis of 10‐year Japanese postmarketing surveillance data (2016)

This is the largest, single-country study of rFVIIa therapy in AHA patients reported to date. The Japanese surveillance data show comparable efficacy and safety to prior multinational studies. Doses of 90-120 μg kg<sup>-1</sup> and prompt initiation of treatment may be important to achieve good bleeding control.
HIV-specific regulatory T cells are associated with higher CD4 cell counts in primary infection (2008)

Our data showed that HIV drives Treg, as PHI and these cells persist throughout the course of the infection. A correlation between the frequency of Treg and CD4 T-cell counts suggest that these cells may impact on the immune activation set point at PHI diagnosis.
Mechanism and Quantitative Modeling of PMD-Induced Reductions of XPM Polarization Crosstalk and Phase Noise (2012)

Numerical simulations show PMD reduces XPM polarization crosstalk more significantly than phase noise in dispersion-managed link. With novel explanation, quantitative XPM model is proposed to predict polarization crosstalk, phase noise, Q value for DP-QPSK and DP-16QAM systems with 0.1dB accuracy.
An integrated design method of Engineered Geopolymer Composite (2018)

Strain-hardening ductile fiber-reinforced geopolymer composite, named Engineered Geopolymer Composite (EGC), is a promising material for achieving green and durable civil infrastructure. Despite increasing attentions of the unique material, inefficient trial-and-error approaches are often employed in the material design, which slows the research and development. This paper proposed a new design methodology of EGC that integrates three design techniques: Design of Experiment (DOE), micromechanical modeling, and Material Sustainability Indices (MSI). The mix design of a preliminary version of EGC was optimized to achieve higher compressive strength, maintain high tensile ductility, and enhance the material greenness simultaneously. With the aid of the systematic design process, an optimized EGC with improved compressive strength of 43.1 MPa and high tensile ductility of 4.7% was developed, while achieving 11% less embodied energy and 55% less CO2 equivalent emissions compared with a standard Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC). Therefore, the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed design method were successfully demonstrated.
Mechanism of Cell Cycle Regulation by FIP200 in Human Breast Cancer Cells (2005)

FIP200 is a novel protein inhibitor for focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which binds to FAK directly and inhibits its kinase activity and associated cellular functions, such as cell adhesion, spreading, and motility in fibroblasts. Here we show that FIP200 inhibits G1-S phase progression, proliferation, and clonogenic survival in human breast cancer cells. Consistent with the G1 arrest induced by FIP200, we found that FIP200 increased p21 and decreased cyclin D1 protein levels in breast cancer cells. In addition, FIP200 significantly induced p21 promoter activity in MCF-7 cells and this response was abolished upon deletion of p53 binding sites within p21 promoter. Furthermore, we found that FIP200 could interact with exogenous and endogenous p53 protein and significantly increase its half-life compared with the control cells. We also found that the NH2-terminal 154 residues of FIP200 were sufficient to mediate p53 interaction and G1 arrest in cells. The increase in p53 half-life correlated with the increased phosphorylation at Ser15 and decreased proteasomal degradation via ubiquitin and Hdm2-independent mechanism. Stabilization of p53 by FIP200 could be partially reversed by NQO1 inhibitor, dicoumarol. In contrast to p53, FIP200 decreased cyclin D1 protein half-life by promoting proteasome-dependent degradation of cyclin D1. In summary, our results suggest that FIP200 increases p21 protein levels via stabilization of its upstream regulator p53 and decreases cyclin D1 protein by promoting its degradation. Both effects are critical for FIP200-induced G1 arrest and may contribute to the putative antitumor activities of FIP200 in breast cancer.
DIST: Rendering Deep Implicit Signed Distance Function with Differentiable Sphere Tracing (2019)

We propose a differentiable sphere tracing algorithm to bridge the gap between inverse graphics methods and the recently proposed deep learning based implicit signed distance function. Due to the nature of the implicit function, the rendering process requires tremendous function queries, which is particularly problematic when the function is represented as a neural network. We optimize both the forward and backward passes of our rendering layer to make it run efficiently with affordable memory consumption on a commodity graphics card. Our rendering method is fully differentiable such that losses can be directly computed on the rendered 2D observations, and the gradients can be propagated backwards to optimize the 3D geometry. We show that our rendering method can effectively reconstruct accurate 3D shapes from various inputs, such as sparse depth and multi-view images, through inverse optimization. With the geometry based reasoning, our 3D shape prediction methods show excellent generalization capability and robustness against various noises.
Antenna Miniaturization with MEMS Tunable Capacitors: Techniques and Trade-Offs (2014)

In today’s mobile device market, there is a strong need for efficient antenna miniaturization. Tunable antennas are a very promising way to reduce antenna volume while enlarging its operating bandwidth. MEMS tunable capacitors are state-of-the-art in terms of insertion loss. Their characteristics are used in this investigation. This paper uses field simulations to highlight the trade-offs between the design of the tuner and the design of the antenna, especially the impact of the location of the tuner and the degree of miniaturization. Codesigning the tuner and the antenna is essential to optimize radiated performance.
Procedure for Defining New DHCP Options (1999)

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) provides a framework for passing configuration information to hosts on a TCP/IP network.Configuration parameters and other control information are carried in tagged data items that are stored in the 'options' field of the DHCP message.The data items themselves are also called "options."New DHCP options may be defined after the publication of the DHCP specification to accommodate requirements for conveyance of new configuration parameters.This document describes the procedure for defining new DHCP options.* allocation of new option numbers is coordinated from a single authority, * new options are reviewed for technical correctness and appropriateness, and * documentation for new options is complete and published.
Particle classification by image analysis improves understanding of corn stover degradation mechanisms during deconstruction (2023)

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Deploying Virtual Machines on Shared Platforms (2011)

Bovine adrenal medullae were homogenized in the presence or in the absence of EGTA and different subcellular fractions were prepared by differential and density gradient centrifugations. In the presence of the chelating agent, 69% of the total calmodulin, measured by radioimmunoassay, was present in the cytosol; the rest was bound to different membrane-containing fractions (nuclei, microsomal, and crude granule fraction). When the chelating agent was omitted, 43% of the calmodulin was present in the cytosol, the remaining calmodulin being membrane-bound. Further resolution of the crude granule fraction by sucrose density centrifugation demonstrated that the distribution of calmodulin in the density gradient was similar to the distribution of chromaffin granules rather than to that of mitochondria, Golgi elements, and lysosomes. In this case, there was also more calmodulin bound to chromaffin granules when EGTA was omitted from the density gradient. Experiments with 125I-calmodulin indicated the presence of high-affinity binding sites (KD = 1.3 X 10(-8) M; Bmax = 30 pmol/mg protein) for calmodulin in chromaffin granule membranes. Further, photoaffinity crosslinking experiments with 125I-calmodulin followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography indicated the presence of three calmodulin-binding polypeptide complexes (84,000; 41,000; and 38,000 daltons) in chromaffin granule membranes. These polypeptides were not labelled when either Ca2+ was omitted or an excess of nonradioactive calmodulin was present in the photolysis buffer, indicating the Ca2+ dependency and the specificity of the interaction. On the basis of the results described, it is suggested that the cellular levels of Ca2+ control the cellular distribution of calmodulin and its binding to specific chromaffin granule membrane proteins. Further, it is also suggested that the interactions between calmodulin and granule proteins might play a role in stimulus-secretion coupling.
An Analytical Assessment of the CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions Benefit of Two-Stroke Diesel Engines (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Two-stroke diesel engines could be a promising solution for reducing carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) emissions from light-duty vehicles. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential of two-stroke engines in achieving a substantial reduction in CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions compared to four-stroke diesel baselines. As part of this study 1-D models were developed for loop scavenged two-stroke and opposed piston two-stroke diesel engine concepts.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Based on the engine models and an in-house vehicle model, projections were made for the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions for a representative light-duty vehicle over the New European Driving Cycle and the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure. The loop scavenged two-stroke engine had about 5-6% lower CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions over the two driving cycles compared to a state of the art four-stroke diesel engine, while the opposed piston diesel engine had about 13-15% potential benefit. Opposed piston two-stroke engines offer the potential for even higher thermal efficiency than loop scavenged two-stroke engines. The efficiency advantages of the opposed piston two-stroke engine are mainly because of lower in-cylinder heat losses due to elimination of the cylinder head and lower surface area to volume ratio.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The thermal efficiency of a loop scavenged two-stroke engine can be potentially further improved by using thermal barrier materials for incylinder surfaces to minimize heat losses. Analytical studies show that integration of thermal barrier materials and two-stroke loop scavenged engine could lead to a cost effective highly efficient diesel engine. Whether the theoretical benefit translates to actual CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions reduction will have to be verified experimentally.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Two Modes of Transformation of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Films in Air (2006)

Large-area amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) films in air are shown to be transformed into crystalline calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) films via two modes-dissolution-recrystallization and solid-solid phase transition-depending on the relative humidity of the air and the temperature. Moisture in the air promotes the transformation of ACC into crystalline forms via a dissolution-recrystallization process. Increasing the humidity increases the rate of ACC crystallization and gives rise to films with numerous large pores. As the temperature is increased, the effect of moisture in the air is reduced and solid-solid transition by thermal activation becomes the dominant transformation mechanism. At 100 and 120 degrees C, ACC films are transformed into predominantly (110) oriented crystalline films. Collectively, the results show that calcium carbonate films with different morphologies, crystal phases, and structures can be obtained by controlling the humidity and temperature. This ability to control the transformation of ACC should assist in clarifying the role of ACC in the biomineralization of CaCO(3) and should open new avenues for preparing CaCO(3) films with oriented and fine structure.
Chromatibody, a novel non-invasive molecular tool to explore and manipulate chromatin in living cells (2016)

Chromatibody, a novel non-invasive molecular tool to explore and manipulate chromatin in living cells