gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Eradication of Human Breast Cancer Cells through Trackable Light-Triggered CO Delivery by Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Packed with a Designed photoCORM (2015)

The surprising discovery of salutary effects of low doses of carbon monoxide (CO) in mammalian physiology has raised intense research interest in CO delivery to biological targets under controlled conditions. In recent attempts, photoactive metal carbonyl complexes (photoCORMs) have been employed to trigger CO release at the target sites. In this work, a designed photoCORM namely, fac-[Re(CO)3(pbt) (PPh3)](CF3SO3) (1, pbt =2-(2-pyridyl)benzothiazole) has been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods and crystallography. This photoCORM not only releases CO upon illumination with low-power UV light (305 nm, 5 mW cm–2) but also exhibits a “turn-off” of its orange luminescence (λem = 605 nm) upon release of one CO ligand. The latter property provides a convenient way to track the CO release event. The photoCORM 1 has been entrapped within the pores of the narrow channels of 100 nm mesoporous Al-MCM-41 nanoparticles and the loaded {Re-CO}@Al-MCM-41 MSNs have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), FTIR spectroscopy and chemical analysis. Results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the SEM-EDX elemental maps of C, Si, O, Re, and P confirm that the carbonyl complex is retained within the pores of the MSNs. Strong electrostatic binding of the cationic photoCORM to the negatively charged walls of the Al-MCM-41 nanoparticles results in very little leaching of the CO donor from the host matrix. The hydrodynamic parameters (155 nm diameter in PBS, ζ-potential = −28.53 ± 1.00 mV) of the biocompatible {Re-CO}@Al-MCM-41 MSNs fall in the right range of the drug-carriers and the particles are readily endocytosed by MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer) cells. The entry of the {Re-CO}@Al-MCM-41 MSNs into the cellular matrix is easily visualized by the intense orange luminescence (λex = 400 nm) of the loaded cells. Short exposure of the cells to low-power UV light brings about a rapid diminution of the orange luminescence due to CO release from the photoCORM locked within the MSNs and causes CO-induced death of the cancer cells. Recently, CO has been shown to induce apoptotic death in different types of cancer cells as well as enhance the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. The simple design of the {Re-CO}@Al-MCM-41 MSNs and their response to light allows for the first time to deliver the drug (CO) from a pro-drug locked within a biocompatible MSNs that can readily accumulate within malignant sites due to the “enhance permeability and retention” (EPR) effect. In addition, the CO delivery process can be conveniently tracked through the loss of luminescence of the MSNs.
A search for modifying genetic factors in CHEK2:c.1100delC breast cancer patients (2021)

The risk of breast cancer associated with CHEK2:c.1100delC is 2-threefold but higher in carriers with a family history of breast cancer than without, suggesting that other genetic loci in combination with CHEK2:c.1100delC confer an increased risk in a polygenic model. Part of the excess familial risk has been associated with common low-penetrance variants. This study aimed to identify genetic loci that modify CHEK2:c.1100delC-associated breast cancer risk by searching for candidate risk alleles that are overrepresented in CHEK2:c.1100delC carriers with breast cancer compared with controls. We performed whole-exome sequencing in 28 breast cancer cases with germline CHEK2:c.1100delC, 28 familial breast cancer cases and 70 controls. Candidate alleles were selected for validation in larger cohorts. One recessive synonymous variant, rs16897117, was suggested, but no overrepresentation of homozygous CHEK2:c.1100delC carriers was found in the following validation. Furthermore, 11 non-synonymous candidate alleles were suggested for further testing, but no significant difference in allele frequency could be detected in the validation in CHEK2:c.1100delC cases compared with familial breast cancer, sporadic breast cancer and controls. With this method, we found no support for a CHEK2:c.1100delC-specific genetic modifier. Further studies of CHEK2:c.1100delC genetic modifiers are warranted to improve risk assessment in clinical practice.
Bayesian model of Snellen visual acuity (2003)

A Bayesian model of Snellen visual acuity (VA) has been developed that, as far as we know, is the first one that includes the three main stages of VA: (1) optical degradations, (2) neural image representation and contrast thresholding, and (3) character recognition. The retinal image of a Snellen test chart is obtained from experimental wave-aberration data. Then a subband image decomposition with a set of visual channels tuned to different spatial frequencies and orientations is applied to the retinal image, as in standard computational models of early cortical image representation. A neural threshold is applied to the contrast responses to include the effect of the neural contrast sensitivity. The resulting image representation is the base of a Bayesian pattern-recognition method robust to the presence of optical aberrations. The model is applied to images containing sets of letter optotypes at different scales, and the number of correct answers is obtained at each scale; the final output is the decimal Snellen VA. The model has no free parameters to adjust. The main input data are the eye's optical aberrations, and standard values are used for all other parameters, including the Stiles-Crawford effect, visual channels, and neural contrast threshold, when no subject specific values are available. When aberrations are large, Snellen VA involving pattern recognition differs from grating acuity, which is based on a simpler detection (or orientation-discrimination) task and hence is basically unaffected by phase distortions introduced by the optical transfer function. A preliminary test of the model in one subject produced close agreement between actual measurements and predicted VA values. Two examples are also included: (1) application of the method to the prediction of the VAin refractive-surgery patients and (2) simulation of the VA attainable by correcting ocular aberrations.
Comparison of 4H-SiC Separate Absorption and Multiplication Region Avalanche Photodiodes Structures for UV Detection (2006)

We designed and fabricated silicon carbide (SiC) separate absorption multiplication region avalanche photodiodes (SAM-APDs) for UV detection in harsh environment applications. Two variations of device types were compared. Type I was designed to achieve reach-through (i.e. multiplication, charge, and absorption layers are depleted) prior to reaching high gain while Type II was designed not to achieve reach-through (i.e. only the multiplication region is depleted). It was found that both the dark current behavior and the responsivity were improved significantly by employing a nonreach-through design. According to preliminary measurements, the maximum quantum efficiency of the type II was ~70 % at the wavelength of 300 nm.
Mitigating Frequency Bias in Next-Basket Recommendation via Deconfounders (2022)

Recent studies on Next-basket Recommendation (NBR) have achieved much progress by leveraging Personalized Item Frequency (PIF) as one of the main features, which measures the frequency of the user's interactions with the item. However, taking the PIF as an explicit feature incurs bias towards frequent items. Items that a user purchases frequently are assigned higher weights in the PIF-based recommender system and appear more frequently in the personalized recommendation list. As a result, the system will lose the fairness and balance between items that the user frequently purchases and items that the user never purchases. We refer to this systematic bias on personalized recommendation lists as frequency bias, which narrows users' browsing scope and reduces the system utility. We adopt causal inference theory to address this issue. Considering the influence of historical purchases on users' future interests, the user and item representations can be viewed as unobserved confounders in the causal diagram. In this paper, we propose a deconfounder model named FENDER (Frequency-aware Deconfounder for Next-basket Recommendation) to mitigate the frequency bias. With the deconfounder theory and the causal diagram we propose, FENDER decomposes PIF with a neural tensor layer to obtain substitute confounders for users and items. Then, FENDER performs unbiased recommendations considering the effect of these substitute confounders. Experimental results demonstrate that FENDER has derived diverse and fair results compared to ten baseline models on three datasets while achieving competitive performance. Further experiments illustrate how FENDER balances users' historical purchases and potential interests.
The presence of neutrophils causes RANKL expression in periodontal tissue, giving rise to osteoclast formation (2020)

Neutrophil deficiency caused a reduction in numbers of both RANKL<sup>+</sup> cells and osteoclasts in periodontitis-induced tissues only on day 3. Furthermore, in the LPS-injected air pouch model, neutrophil deficiency reduced the influx of RANKL<sup>+</sup> neutrophils. These findings suggest that the presence of neutrophils induces RANKL expression and could induce osteoclast formation in the early stages of periodontitis.
Bonding Functionality for Live Video Streaming over 5G networks (2022)

Since inception, large parts of the broadcasters' industry have envisioned 5G as the new era in which Uplink (UL) live video quality transmission over a single cellular modem is possible. Even more so, at a very low latency. 5G, mainly StandAlone (SA) but also Non-SA (NSA) architectures, both Non-Public-Network (NPN) and commercial public network, was hailed as the solution enabling TV and media newsgathering, sports coverage and similar live events with a simple single off-the-shelf 5G modem. Results of this paper, which are based on real testbeds, shed light on potential weaknesses in the effort of delivering a reliable professional live UL video transmission in field production utilizing a single 5G modem. On the other hand, the tested bonding technique that uses multiple 5G modems for UL video transmission, enhances the 5G Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) rather than exhausting each of them. Bonding technique is a key enabler for live news and live sports productions, resulting not only in increased UL rate, but also in stability and reliability as shown in this work. Several additional insights are touched upon in this work, about the benefit in Time Division Duplexing (TDD) UL pattern, 5G SA UL when bonded with its 4G network and more.
The HIV-1 associated dementia complex: a metabolic encephalopathy fueled by viral replication in mononuclear phagocytes. (1997)

HIV enters the brain soon after virus exposure but elicits profound neurological deficits in infected humans years later usually during progressive immunosuppression and the development of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The neurological disease complex associated with virus infection occurs in a large proportion of infected patients and is commonly referred to as HIV-1 associated dementia complex. The neuropathogenesis of central nervous system/viral infection revolves around mononuclear phagocytes (brain macrophage/microglial) infection and immune activation in brain. Macrophages secrete neurotoxic factors that elicit neuronal injury and inevitably death leading to the constellation of cognitive and motor impairments common during progressive disease. Neurotoxic factor production requires virus entry and replication, the evolution/selection of neurovirulent HIV-1 strains and the production of viral and cellular immune factors injurious to human neurons. Interestingly, neurological deficits, the HIV-1 associated neuropathology and viral replication disease are not always associated. This has led to the notion that viral replication induces the autocrine/paracrine production of cellular/viral factors leading to a metabolic encephalopathy. Anti-retroviral and anti-inflammatory therapies should prove increasingly beneficial for treatment and, ultimately, reversal of HIV-1 associated dementia complex in the affected human host.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Synthesis of 2‐Alkyl‐3‐phenyltropanes by an Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Camera Pose Estimation using Implicit Distortion Models (2022)

Low-dimensional parametric models are the de-facto standard in computer vision for intrinsic camera calibration. These models explicitly describe the mapping between incoming viewing rays and image pixels. In this paper, we explore an alternative approach which implicitly models the lens distortion. The main idea is to replace the parametric model with a regularization term that ensures the latent distortion map varies smoothly throughout the image. The proposed model is effectively parameter-free and allows us to optimize the 6 degree-of-freedom camera pose without explicitly knowing the intrinsic calibration. We show that the method is applicable to a wide selection of cameras with varying distortion and in multiple applications, such as visual localization and structure-from-motion.
Nanocrystalline Pt-Au MEMS Electrical Switches. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
Controlling Influenza by Cytotoxic T-Cells: Calling for Help from Destroyers (2010)

Influenza is a vaccine preventable disease that causes severe illness and excess mortality in humans. Licensed influenza vaccines induce humoral immunity and protect against strains that antigenically match the major antigenic components of the vaccine, but much less against antigenically diverse influenza strains. A vaccine that protects against different influenza viruses belonging to the same subtype or even against viruses belonging to more than one subtype would be a major advance in our battle against influenza. Heterosubtypic immunity could be obtained by cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses against conserved influenza virus epitopes. The molecular mechanisms involved in inducing protective CTL responses are discussed here. We also focus on CTL vaccine design and point to the importance of immune-related databases and immunoinformatics tools in the quest for new vaccine candidates. Some techniques for analysis of T-cell responses are also highlighted, as they allow estimation of cellular immune responses induced by vaccine preparations and can provide correlates of protection.
<title>Error diffusion algorithm for an arbitrary set of output color with applications in textile sewing</title> (1995)

This paper describes an extension of bilevel error diffusion technique from one component per pixel (originally gray image), to an arbitrary set of colors, with an arbitrary number of color components per pixel. The binary and multilevel variants of the algorithm are derived as particular cases of the general algorithm. The color set used in error diffusion procedure is selected according to the image that must be reproduced. The error diffusion procedure is investigated with respect to three parameters: size and shape of the local array around the current pixel where the error of color rendition is evaluated, weight mask of errors in local array and the color space where the error distance is computed. The error diffusion procedure is applied and adapted for the designing of the textile sewing process. The original image is resampled corresponding to the resolution determined by sewing process parameters, and the influence of the texture of sewed material is taken into consideration for the simulation process that enables the preview of the final result.
Gene-trap expression screening to identify endothelial-specific genes (2004)

The endothelial cell is a key cellular component for blood vessel formation. Many signaling receptors expressed in endothelial cells play critical roles in vascular development during embryogenesis. However, downstream response genes required for vascular differentiation are still not clearly identified. Here we describe the development of a protocol for gene-trap expression screening in embryonic stem (ES) cells for endothelial-specific genes. ES cells were differentiated into endothelial cells on an OP9 feeder cell layer in 96-well plates. In a pilot screen, 5 gene-trapped ES cell lines showed an up-regulated expression of the gene trap lacZ reporter out of 864 ES clones screened. One of the trapped genes was endoglin, an endothelial-specific transforming growth factor-beta type III receptor, and another was ASPP1, a p53-binding protein. In vivo expression analysis of the lacZ reporter confirmed that both genes are specifically expressed in endothelial cells during early mouse embryogenesis. Gene-trap expression screening can thus be used to identify early endothelial-specific genes and analyze their function in mice.
Hellinger KL-UCB based Bandit Algorithms for Markovian and i.i.d. Settings (2020)

In the regret-based formulation of multi-armed bandit (MAB) problems, except in rare instances, much of the literature focuses on arms with i.i.d. rewards. In this paper, we consider the problem of obtaining regret guarantees for MAB problems in which the rewards of each arm form a Markov chain which may not belong to a single parameter exponential family. To achieve logarithmic regret in such problems is not difficult: a variation of standard KL-UCB does the job. However, the constants obtained from such an analysis are poor for the following reason: i.i.d. rewards are a special case of Markov rewards and it is difficult to design an algorithm that works well independent of whether the underlying model is truly Markovian or i.i.d. To overcome this issue, we introduce a novel algorithm that identifies whether the rewards from each arm are truly Markovian or i.i.d. using a Hellinger distance-based test. Our algorithm then switches from using a standard KL-UCB to a specialized version of KL-UCB when it determines that the arm reward is Markovian, thus resulting in low regret for both i.i.d. and Markovian settings.
Illustrating where spatial perception versus memory-based representation: spatial neglect in a distinguished artist; a case report (2018)

Spatial neglect is a disorder of attention, perception, and processing of stimuli in contralesional space. The heterogeneous behaviors involve diverse neuroanatomical mechanisms. Anecdotal evidence suggests that neural circuitry of active spatial perception may differ from that used to encode spatial memory. These differences can escape detection by conventional assessments, thereby leading to missed diagnoses. We present a case, in an artist who demonstrates selective impairment in a contralesional space during active Where spatial perception. His performance is better when asked to draw entirely from memory. This case highlights the variability in neglect, importance for comprehensive testing, and encourages further investigation.
Deep traps in nonpolar m-plane GaN grown by ammonia-based molecular beam epitaxy (2012)

Deep level defects in nonpolar m-plane GaN grown by ammonia-based molecular beam epitaxy were characterized using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and deep level optical spectroscopy (DLOS) and compared with polar c-plane GaN that was grown simultaneously in the same growth run. Significant differences in both the levels present and their concentrations were observed upon comparison of both growth orientations. DLTS revealed electron traps with activation energies of 0.14 eV, 0.20 eV, and 0.66 eV in the m-plane material, with concentrations that were ∼10−50 × higher than traps of similar activation energies in the c-plane material. Likewise, DLOS measurements showed ∼20 × higher concentrations of both a CN acceptor-like state at EC − 3.26 eV, which correlates with a high background carbon concentration observed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy for the m-plane material [A. Armstrong, A. R. Arehart, B. Moran, S. P. DenBaars, U. K. Mishra, J. S. Speck, and S. A. Ringel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 374 (2004)], and the VGa-related state level at EC − 2.49 eV, which is consistent with an enhanced yellow luminescence observed by photoluminescence. The findings suggest a strong impact of growth dynamics on the incorporation of impurities and electrically active native point defects as a function of GaN growth plane polarity.
Comments on “A CMOS Front-End Hall Sensor Microsystem for Linear Magnetic Field Measurement With Best Tradeoff Between Sensitivity and SNR” (2023)

In the above article (Xu et al., 2022), it is claimed that the sensitivity of the output signal of a Hall-plate with respect to an applied magnetic field is doubled when the Hall-plate is operated in current mode instead of traditional voltage mode. The proof was based on a Wheatstone bridge model where two resistors increase with the magnetic field while the other two resistors decrease. However, a resistor network with magnetic field-dependent resistors can only describe the magneto-resistance effect of a Hall-plate, yet it cannot describe the Hall-effect of a Hall-plate. A correct representation of a Hall-plate is given by a resistor network and controlled voltage or current sources, or gyrators. The application of this correct network shows that neither the sensitivity of the output signal nor the signal-to-thermal-noise ratio (SNR) differ in current and voltage modes. It also shows that the proposed spinning current scheme does not perfectly eliminate offset errors of the Hall-plate.
Search for squarks and gluinos with the ATLAS detector in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using 4.7 fb⁻1 of √s=7 TeV proton-proton collision data (2013)

A search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing jets, missing transverse momentum and no high-pT electrons or muons is presented. The data represent the complete sample recorded in 2011 by the ATLAS experiment in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, with a total integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb−1 . No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed. Gluino masses below 860 GeV and squark masses below 1320 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level in simplified models containing only squarks of the first two generations, a gluino octet and a massless neutralino, for squark or gluino masses below 2 TeV, respectively. Squarks and gluinos with equal masses below 1410 GeV are excluded. In MSUGRA/CMSSM models with tan β = 10, A0 = 0 and µ &gt; 0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded for masses below 1360 GeV. Constraints are also placed on the parameter space of SUSY models with compressed spectra. These limits considerably extend the region of supersymmetric parameter space excluded by previous measurements with the ATLAS detector
High-throughput quantitative histology in systemic sclerosis skin disease using computer vision (2020)

DNN analysis of SSc biopsies is an unbiased, quantitative, and reproducible outcome that is associated with validated SSc outcomes.
Single-Electron Transport in Ropes of Carbon Nanotubes (1997)

The electrical properties of individual bundles, or “ropes,” of single-walled carbon nanotubes have been measured. Below about 10 kelvin, the low-bias conductance was suppressed for voltages less than a few millivolts. In addition, dramatic peaks were observed in the conductance as a function of a gate voltage that modulated the number of electrons in the rope. These results are interpreted in terms of single-electron charging and resonant tunneling through the quantized energy levels of the nanotubes composing the rope.