gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Hot Carrier Effects in Corning Silicon-on-Glass TFTs (2010)

Hot carrier (HC) instability of thin film transistors (TFTs) fabricated on single crystalline Corning® Silicon-on-Glass (SiOG) substrates is studied (1). The n- and p-channel TFT transfer characteristics typically exhibit excellent on-state performance with electron and hole field effect mobilities (μfe) of ~251 and 201 cm2/V⋅s, threshold voltages of ~-0.3 and -1.2 V, and gate swing (S) values of ~180 mV/dec. While p-channel TFTs exhibit good stability, on-current (ION) degradation is unfortunately observed in the transfer characteristics of the n-channel TFT due to HC stress. In this study, the integration of a lightly doped drain (LDD) structure to minimize HC instability in the n-channel SiOG TFTs is reported. The LDD design has 2 μm regions produced by ion implanting phosphorus at 10 keV to a light doping (n-) level. N- levels of ~1 × 1013, 2 × 1013, and 3 × 1013 cm−2 are analyzed to determine the optimum doping conditions that leads to HC improvement with minimal detrimental impact to the on-state device performance.
A new xylanase from Penicillium griseofulvum. (2001)

A new xylanase (pgxynA) from Penicillium griseofulvum A160 has been isolated and characterised using a screening method based on the ability to digest a complex substrate. The enzyme belongs to the hydrolase family 11 or G and shows an optimum pH of 5.0 and an optimum temperature of 50 degrees C. The xylanase breaks down the xylan to very small oligosaccharides. The corresponding gene (PGXYNA) was cloned and expressed in Aspergillus oryzae. A second xylanase gene with 66% identity to PGXYNA has also been isolated from P. griseofulvum A160. The recombinant pgxynA xylanase has been tested in some industrial applications. In bread making, hard rolls volume increased significantly using this enzyme. In wheat flour processing, the enzyme improved the separation of gluten from starch. In poultry, the addition of the A160 xylanase to a wheat-based diet led to an higher body weight as well as to a better feed conversion ratio.
Supplementary Table 5 from The miR-17/92 Polycistron Is Up-regulated in Sonic Hedgehog–Driven Medulloblastomas and Induced by N-myc in Sonic Hedgehog–Treated Cerebellar Neural Precursors (2023)

Supplementary Table 5 from The miR-17/92 Polycistron Is Up-regulated in Sonic Hedgehog–Driven Medulloblastomas and Induced by N-myc in Sonic Hedgehog–Treated Cerebellar Neural Precursors
Evaluation of a method for separating digitized duet signals (1990)

A new digital signal-processing method is presented for separating two monophonic musical voices in a digital recording of a duet. The problem involves time-variant spectral analysis, duet frequency tracking, and composite signal separation. Analysis is performed using a quasi-harmonic sinusoidal representation based on short-time Fourier transform techniques. The performance of this approach is evaluated using real and artificial test signals. Applications include background noise reduction in live recordings, signal restoration, musicology, musique concrete, and digital editing, splicing, or other manipulations. criteria may be identified. If two interfering signals occupy nonoverlapping frequency bands, for example, Separation of superimposed signals is a problem of the separation problem can be solved by using freinterest in audio engineering. For example, it would quency-selective filters. In other cases the competing often be useful to identify and remove undesired in- signals may be described in a statistical sense, allowing terference (such as audience or traffic noise) present separation using correlation or a nonlinear detection during a live recording. Other examples include sep- method. However, most superimposed signals, such aration and replacement of errors in a recorded musical as two musical instruments playing simultaneously, do performance, separation of two simultaneous talkers not allow for such elementary decomposition methods, in a single communications channel, or even adjustment and other strategies applicable for signal separation of the level imbalance occurring when one musician must be discovered. in an ensemble briefly turns away from the microphone. In the case of ensemble music, sounds emanating Considered in this paper is a digital signal-processing from different musical instruments are combined in an approach to one aspect of the ensemble signal separation acoustic signal, which may be recorded via a transducer problem: separation of musical duet recordings. The of some kind. Despite the typical complexity of the primary goal of thisproject was to develop and evaluate recorded ensemble signal, a human listener can usually an automatic signal separation system based primarily identify the instruments playing at a given point in on physical measurements rather than psychoacoustic time. Further, a listener with some musical training or models of human behavior, experience can often reliably transcribe each musical In order to separate the desired and undesired signals voice in terms of standard musical pitch and rhythm. we must resort to prior knowledge of some aspect of Unfortunately the methods and strategies used by human the superimposed signals, whereby a set of separation observers are not introspectable and thus cannot serve easily as models for automatic musical transcription
Synthesis of (3S)-Hydroxyandrosta-5,7-diene-17-ones via Intramolecular Cobalt-Mediated [2+2+2] Cycloaddition (2006)

A new method for the synthesis of lumisterin-type steroids following the D→ABCD approach is reported. A key step is the cobalt-induced cyclization of a cyclopentanoid enediyne, which was prepared via thioalkylation of the zinc enolate of a 2,3-substituted cyclopentanone with α-chlorosulfides.
Effect of Acifluorfen on the Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Chlorimuron in Certain Weeds (1992)

Foliar absorption of 14 -chlorimuron at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after application to common cocklebur was reduced when applied in combination with acifluorfen. A maximum reduction of 10% was observed at 48 h. 14 C translocation to meristematic tissue above the treated leaves also was reduced by acifluorfen in common cocklebur at 24 and 48 h after treatment. Absorption and translocation of 14 C-chlorimuron in sicklepod was not affected by acifluorfen. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of treated leaf extracts showed two metabolites in common cocklebur (R f values of 0.0 and 0.42) and four metabolites in sicklepod (R f values of 0.0, 0.16, 0.33, and 0.50). All metabolites were more polar than the parent compound (R f value of 0.64). Addition of acifluorfen did not affect chlorimuron metabolism in common cocklebur but reduced metabolism in sicklepod. Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of acifluorfen in common cocklebur or sicklepod were not affected by the addition of chlorimuron.
Structural Insights into Substrate Specificity of Feruloyl-CoA 6’-Hydroxylase from Arabidopsis thaliana (2015)

Coumarins belong to an important class of plant secondary metabolites. Feruloyl-CoA 6'-hydroxylase (F6'H), a 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase (2OGD), catalyzes a pivotal step in the biosynthesis of a simple coumarin scopoletin. In this study, we determined the 3-dimensional structure of the F6'H1 apo enzyme by X-ray crystallography. It is the first reported structure of a 2OGD enzyme involved in coumarin biosynthesis and closely resembles the structure of Arabidopsis thaliana anthocyanidin synthase. To better understand the mechanism of enzyme catalysis and substrate specificity, we also generated a homology model of a related ortho-hydroxylase (C2'H) from sweet potato. By comparing these two structures, we targeted two amino acid residues and verified their roles in substrate binding and specificity by site-directed mutagenesis.
Antenna Design for Compact RFID Sensors Dedicated to Metallic Environments (2017)

International audience
Joint Channel Estimation and Data Decoding using SVM-based Receivers (2020)

Modern communication systems organize receivers in blocks in order to simplify their analysis and design. However, an approach that considers the receiver design from a wider perspective rather than treating it block-by-block may take advantage of the impacts of these blocks on each other and provide better performance. Herein, we can benefit from machine learning and compose a receiver model implementing supervised learning techniques. With this motivation, we consider a one-to-one transmission system over a flat fast fading wireless channel and propose a support vector machines (SVM)-based receiver that combines the pilot-based channel estimation, data demodulation and decoding processes in one joint operation. We follow two techniques in the receiver design. We first design one SVM-based classifier that outputs the class of the encoding codeword that enters the encoder at the transmitter side. Then, we put forward a model with one SVM-based classifier per one bit in the encoding codeword, where each classifier assigns the value of the corresponding bit in the encoding vector. With the second technique, we simplify the receiver design especially for longer encoding codewords. We show that the SVM-based receiver performs very closely to the maximum likelihood decoder, which is known to be the optimal decoding strategy when the encoding vectors at the transmitter are equally likely. We further show that the SVM-based receiver outperforms the conventional receivers that perform channel estimation, data demodulation and decoding in blocks. Finally, we show that we can train the SVM-based receiver with 1-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) outputs and the SVM-based receiver can perform very closely to the conventional receivers that take 32-bit ADC outputs as inputs.
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) gp120 superantigen-binding serum antibodies. A host factor in homosexual HIV-1 transmission. (1996)

HIV-1 gp120 is an immunoglobulin superantigen which can bind to preimmune serum Ig. We hypothesize that levels of such preimmune antibodies vary in the population and might affect host resistance or susceptibility to viral transmission. This study tests two predictions: (a) levels of preimmune anti-gpl20 Igs are a polymorphic trait; and, (b) these levels are correlated with resistance or susceptibility to HIV-1 transmission. The first prediction was confirmed in a longitudinal study of a low-risk seronegative population. In this group, levels of both endogenous anti-gpl20 IgM and IgG varied widely, but were characteristic and stable for each individual. The second prediction was addressed in a study of participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, in which men "susceptible" and "resistant" to HIV infection were identified based on numbers of sexual partners and eventual seroconversion. Specimens consisted of archival sera obtained > 2 yr before seroconversion. Men in the susceptible population (low-risk seroconverters) were distinguished by low levels of anti-gpl20 IgG. We conclude that the level of preimmune anti-gpl20 IgG is a polymorphic population trait, and low levels are a potentially specific and significant factor in homosexual transmission of HIV infection.
Photoinduced Surface Relief Grating on Amorphous Poly(4-phenylazophenol) Films (2000)

Large-amplitude surface relief gratings on enzymatically synthesized poly(4-phenylazophenol) dye films were holographically induced without postprocessing steps. Recording of the gratings is strongly dependent on the polarization of the writing beams. The phase shift of the topographic grating with respect to the interference pattern was inferred by analyzing a Gaussian laser beam induced surface deformation on the dye film. The mechanism for the surface deformation and grating formation are explained in the framework of the optical field gradient force model.
Electronic System Level Power and Performance Analysis for Multi-Processor-System-on-Chip (2019)

Electronic System Level (ESL) is the highest level of abstraction to represent embedded systems for Design Space Exploration (DSE). This work is the first step towards a comprehensive methodology development to address the DSE for extra-functional properties such as power and performance. The principle of separation of concerns is exercised in its true spirit and enhanced for power evaluation by proposing a specific mapping step between power and performance models.
Open-source smartphone platform for quantitative imaging and analysis in point-of-care applications (2021)

The development of smartphones over the last decade has led to a growth in interest of their potential to tackle numerous point-of-care diagnostic and treatment assessment applications. Despite this interest, there has been lackluster transition of smartphones within clinical care, where the reproducibility of measurements across devices and inability to perform image analysis within the device has hampered development. Here, we present an open-source platform for performing quantitative imaging and analysis within the iOS smartphone environment. We explore the need for RAW pixel data within quantitative applications and characterize the iPhone 11 to lay the foundation for its use in scientific and point-of-care imaging applications.
Biological activity of the main metabolites of ubenimex in humans. (1988)

The biological activity of the two main metabolites of ubenimex in humans, (-)-N-[(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-(4'-hydroxy)phenylbutyryl]-L-leucine (OH-ubenimex) and (2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid [2S,3R)-AHPA) was examined. OH-Ubenimex was almost identical in inhibitory activity against mouse peritoneal resident macrophage aminopeptidases (APases) and the growth of IMC carcinoma in mice to ubenimex. In contrast, the inhibition of; mouse spleen cell APase activities in vitro, blastogenesis of mouse T and B cells in vitro, delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity in mice, and the growth of C1498 leukemia and HeLa S3 cells in vitro was weaker than ubenimex. Macrophage APase activity was only slightly inhibited by (2S,3R)-AHPA which also had practically no activity in the other biological assays.
Limitations of the fasting proinsulin to insulin ratio as a measure of β‐cell health in people with and without impaired glucose tolerance (2020)

Among nondiabetic individuals, the fasting proinsulin to insulin ratio is not a useful marker of β-cell function.
A Rat Model of Osteoarthritic Temporomandibular Joint Pain: Mechanically-Induced Behavioral Hypersensitivity and Histologic Modifications (2007)

Orofacial pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a significant clinical problem [1]. The pathophysiologic and cellular mediators that underlie the development of such chronic orofacial pain are not well understood, nor has a relationship to mechanical loading been defined. Several experimental models have been developed to examine causative factors in TMJ OA progression and joint pathology. Such models often involve intra-articular injections or surgical manipulation of tissue structures in order to alter joint kinematics and stability [2–6]. For example, severing of the discal attachments followed by anterior displacement of the disc has been employed in a rabbit model, while disc perforation and scraping of the condylar surface have been used in sheep models to induce OA symptoms [2,3]. A limitation of the above approaches is that they introduce artificial damage to the joint structures and do not approximate the clinical disorder of mechanically-induced TMJ OA. Therefore, the goal of this pilot study was to develop a novel model of TMJ OA via non-invasive and mechanically relevant methods that could produce behavioral hypersensitivity (mechanical allodynia) suggestive of pain symptoms and histological changes in the TMJ consistent with osteoarthritic pathology.
Role of Catalyst and Its Fluidization in the Catalytic Gasification of Biomass to Syngas at Low Temperature (2002)

The catalytic gasification of cellulose at much lower temperature than the usual methods such as noncatalytic and dolomite-catalyzed gasification became possible by the combination of the high-performance catalyst and fluidized-bed reactor. In the catalyst development, it is found that the Rh/CeO2/SiO2 with 35% CeO2 content showed the best performance with respect to the carbon conversion and product distribution. Enough fluidization is very important for the removal of char deposition on the catalyst surface. In addition, the introduction of air from the bottom of the reactor is also very important because of the direct contact between the catalyst and oxygen molecule. The catalyst for this process has the high activity of combustion and reforming and the smooth redox properties. The fluidized-bed reactor plays important roles in the mixing of the catalyst and pyrolyzed products of cellulose and catalyst circulation between reduced and oxidized states. Almost no tar and char were yielded under the conditions of feeding rate = 12 g/h, equivalence ratio = 0.12, steam feeding rate = 1.80 g/h, and weight of catalyst/feeding rate of biomass = 0.25 h at 873 K, and this makes the process useful.
Artificial Dielectrics: Ordinary Metallic Waveguides Mimic Extraordinary Dielectric Media (2014)

Consider an electromagnetic wave propagating in the empty space between two parallel metal plates. This situation is often the first example of guided waves encountered by undergraduate students since the solutions (the guided modes) are analytic and easily obtained. And yet, this seemingly simple configuration can give rise to a number of interesting and even counterintuitive phenomena. For the set of modes with the electric field pointing parallel to the surfaces of the two metal plates, the region between the plates, though simply empty space, mimics the properties of a dielectric medium with a wave velocity yp different from c, that of waves in vacuum. The waveguide therefore can be described as an artificial dielectric [1] with an effective refractive index n=c/yp different from unity. In contrast to naturally occurring dielectrics for which n 2 1, n can have a value less than unity. These waveguide-based artificial dielectrics were first introduced in a small body of work by the microwave community about half a century ago. As discussed here, the wavelength scaling that results when moving from the microwave region to the terahertz (THz) region results in more practical structural dimensions. This gives new life to these artificial dielectrics for a variety of novel and exotic applications in THz science and technology.
Considerations for scheduling and servicing events using a calendar structure (2003)

Networks are supposed to support multiple service categories that include real-time services and best-effort services. In both types of applications, it is important to differentiate between the requirements of different streams, and allow for an appropriate distribution of resources among them. Work-conserving disciplines may be implemented with the use of queue or scheduling calendars. Since calendars have finite resolutions, theoretical emission times that determine the positions of frames within the calendar slots have to be rounded to match the boundaries of the slots. The selection of a rounding method affects the performance of a work-conserving discipline. We present an efficient calendar structure and examine several rounding methods.
C1r LEVELS IN NORMAL HUMAN SERA DETERMINED BY ELECTROIMMUNOASSAY (1976)

C1r levels in normal adults were determined by electroimmunoassay. The 95 per cent range was 71-133 per cent of a normal reference pool. C1r values were well correlated to the levels of C1q (r = 0.708) and of C1s (r = 0.768). The interplate variation of the method on double determinations was 3.4 (SD). C1r values in normal sera not appreciably affected by storage at room temperature or by repeated freezing and thawing. The C1r antigen in EDTA plasma was found to be labile.
Molecular karyotyping of multiple yeast species isolated from nine patients with AIDS during prolonged fluconazole therapy (1996)

Variations in molecular karyotype and fluconazole susceptibility of serial yeast isolates from the oral cavities of nine patients with AIDS receiving fluconazole for single or multiple episodes of oropharyngeal candidiasis were monitored. Multiple yeast species were isolated from the initial oral specimens in six patients. Molecular karyotyping identified at least eight different DNA subtypes of C. albicans, at least eight of T. glabrata and only one DNA subtype each of C. krusei, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. Among isolates of T. glabrata, fluconazole MICs in each patient were consistently within one or two dilutions, regardless of strain variations. Similarly, among five patients monitored during one course of therapy, the MICs of fluconazole of C. albicans isolates of either the same or different DNA subtypes remained within two dilutions. However, increases in MICs of fluconazole of C. albicans were observed in four patients who received two or more courses of fluconazole, three of whom had the same DNA subtype and one of whom changed from one DNA subtype to another.
Effects of growth hormone antagonists on 3T3-F442A preadipocyte differentiation (1995)

We have previously shown that a bovine (b) GH antagonist, bGH-M8, which possesses three amino acid substitutions in its third alpha-helix, inhibits mouse 3T3-F442A preadipocyte differentiation. In the current studies, we used the bGH and human (h) GH analogs with single amino acid substitution, bGH-G119R and hGH-G120R, for determining their biological activity using the preadipocyte differentiation assay. Short-term and long-term GH-inducible events were studied during adipose differentiation, including late marker gene expression (adipocyte protein 2), immediate early gene induction (c-fos), and tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins. The results demonstrated that these GH analogs not only failed to induce these three events, but also antagonized GH induction of c-fos expression and phosphorylation of proteins of apparent molecular mass of 95 kDa. Our present study agrees with the notion that GH must bind to the GH receptor via site one and with a second GH receptor molecule (or with some yet unidentified 'second target') through GH binding site two. This interaction is important for subsequent GH-dependent biological events.
Complex Coacervation of Milk Proteins with Sodium Alginate (2018)

Beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) coacervate formation with sodium alginate (ALG) was investigated by turbidimetric analysis, zeta potential, particle size, viscosity, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and isothermal titration calorimetric (ITC) measurements as a function of pH (1.0-7.0) and protein/alginate mixing ratio (1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 1:0, and 0:1 wt.). Critical pH values of phase transitions for BSA-ALG complexes (pH<sub>C</sub>, pH<sub>φ1</sub>, and pHφ<sub>φ2</sub>) representing the formation of soluble and insoluble complexes of a protein-ALG mixture (2:1) at pH 4.8, 4.2, and 1.8, respectively. In the case of BLG-ALG, critical pH values (pH<sub>C</sub>, pH<sub>φ1</sub>, and pH<sub>φ2</sub>) were found to be 4.8, 4.2, and 1.6, respectively. The pH<sub>opt</sub> values, expressed by the highest optical density, were pH 2.8 for BSA-ALG and 2.4 for BLG-ALG. TEM and zeta-potential results showed that maximum coacervate formation occurred at pH 4.2 for both protein-polysaccharide solutions. The interaction between BLG-ALG and BSA-ALG was spontaneously exothermic at pH 4.2 according to ITC measurements. The findings of this study provide insights to a thorough understanding about the nature of interactions between milk proteins and ALG and formulate new applications for food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetics applications.