gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Diagnosis of Chemical-induced Hepatobiliary Toxicities Using a New Hepatobiliary Imaging Agent in Mice (2001)

We have synthesized 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3)-biocytin as a new imaging agent for hepatobiliary scintigraphy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of 99mTc-MAG3-biocytin scintigraphy in differentiating carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatotoxicity from a-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis in mice, which reflecting the differential diagnosis of neonatal jaundice caused by neonatal hepatitis from congenital biliary atresia in humans. Methods: Balb/c mice (female, 20 g, n=4-6) were pretreated with CCl4 (0.5 or 1.0 ml/kg) and ANIT (150 or 300 mg/kg) 18 h before scintigraphy. Biochemical and histopathological examinations showed a pattern of typical acute hepatitis (increase of transaminases and hepatocellular necrosis) in CCl4-treated mice and cholestasis (increase of alkaline phosphatase and g-glutamyltransferase, and biliary hyperplasia) in ANIT-treated mice, respectively. Mice were fasted at least 4 hr prior to the intravenous injection of 99mTc-MAG3-biocytin (18.5 MBq/ 20㎍) in 2% human serum albumin in saline. Scintigraphy 
was performed with a g-camera equipped with a 1-mm diameter pin-hole collimator for 30 min and images were acquired every 15 s. We compared the values of physical parameters, such as peak liver/heart ratio (rmax) and peak ratio time (tmax) for 99mTc-MAG3-biocytin scintigraphy. Results: Scintigraphic parameters of the 
CCl₄-pretreated (0.5 ml/kg) group showed a 81.9% decrease of rmax, and 42.2% decrease of tmax, whereas the ANIT-pretreated (150 mg/kg) group showed a 53% decrease of rmax, and 2.36-fold increase of tmax, (P 
hepatotoxicity, in contrast to the increase of tmax and decrease of rmax for biliary hyperplasia. Conclusion: 99mTc-MAG3-biocytin hepatobiliary scintigraphy can distinguish hepatitis from cholestasis in mice model and may be similarly useful in humans which differentiating the cause of neonatal jaundice in clinical study.
Development of a sheep platform and behavioral monitoring methods for assessing deep brain stimulation therapies and devices for movement disorders (2014)

Preclinical animal models are essential for successful development of safe and effective commercialized CNS therapies. Objective data from animal models establish proof of concept evidence and provide critical inputs to the design of later phase clinical studies. In medical device development, a large animal with an intact nervous system is preferred because it permits use of human-scaled devices and controlled testing that cannot be replicated with computer modeling or bench-testing. Therefore, we established an in-house sheep platform for early-phase testing of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy concepts and devices within the movement disorders space. In twelve animals commercial DBS leads with four active contacts were targeted to the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a common stimulation target in Parkinson disease. Overall, DBS lead implantation was not associated with remarkable neurological or histopathological complications. Assessments of targeting using standard comparisons of pre and post-operative brain images indicated that accuracy was comparable to clinical experience. Methods were developed to quantitatively assess motor behavior of chronically-implanted animals in the awake state. In open and blinded settings, we consistently found that motor behavior responses to STN stimulation significantly depended on the stimulation contact selected and parameters tested, including voltage, pulse width and frequency. Quantitative electromyographic assessments confirmed the motor behavior findings. This work establishes in-house capabilities for controlled testing of emerging DBS therapy concepts and device prototypes. Further work is ongoing to test prototype devices and develop additional objective physiological monitoring methods and biomarkers.
On smoothed probability density estimation for stationary processes (2021)

Aspects of estimation of the (marginal) probability density for a stationary sequence or continuous parameter process, are considered in this paper. Consistency and asymptotic distributional results are obtained using a class of smoothed function estimators including those of kernel type, under various decay of dependence conditions for the process. Some of the consistency results contain convergence rates which appear to be more delicate than those previously available, even for i.i.d. sequences.
<title>Acceptance testing for softcopy displays</title> (2001)

We report on the German standardization activities for acceptance testing of medical soft copy displays. The goal is to assure image quality of imaging systems in radiology considering that the display device is part of the imaging system consisting furthermore of the image acquisition system, of the human visual systems (HVS), and of the ambient light conditions. We analyze the properties of the HVS with respect to soft copy reading. The contrast sensitivity gives a measure for the display's spatial resolution that should be aimed at. The contrast ratio of maximum to minimum luminance is limited by the adaptation process in realistic complex radiological images. Furthermore, the nonlinear behavior of the HVS requires to establish a certain display function to provide a tone scale that is approximately perceptually linear. These HVS properties have to be compared with typical electronic display parameters and with conventional film/screen images under realistic conditions. As a result we end up with recommendations for the display size, for spatial resolution, for luminance, and for contrast ratio to be fulfilled by display systems. These parameters among others are subject to acceptance testing. We describe the classification of displays into application categories, the test equipment, and the test procedures that can and shall be applied in clinical practice. In particular, we analyze the luminance measurement proposed by the acceptance testing standard.
En Route to High External Quantum Efficiency (∼12%), Organic True‐Blue‐Light‐Emitting Diodes Employing Novel Design of Iridium (III) Phosphors (2008)

True-blue Ir(III) phosphors are designed, synthesized, and applied to multilayered organic true-blue-light-emitting diodes with CIEx,y color chromaticity of (0.15,0.11) and maximum external quantum efficiency of ∼12%, demonstrating unprecedented performance among all blue-phosphorescent OLEDs ever documented. The molecular-design strategy and subsequent device-fabrication protocol reveal a major development in OLEDs. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Critical Current Density of Superconducting Nb-Ta in the Longitudinal Magnetic Field (1986)

A nondissipative current carried in a type-II superconductor in the longitudinal magnetic field is known to be caused by the flux-pinning interaction, as is the current in the transverse magnetic field. However, only a few systematic experiments on the critical current density under the longitudinal magnetic field have been investigated from the viewpoint of flux-pinning. This paper reports the critical current density of Nb-Ta specimens measured as a function of the pinning strength in the longitudinal or transverse field. The longitudinal critical current density was found to depend strongly on the pinning strength. The result is compared qualitatively with the transverse critical current density from the viewpoint of the summation of the flux-pinning interactions.
Cation Separations Using A Proton-Ionizable Macrocycle in a Dual Module Hollow Fiber Membrane System (1993)

Abstract Separation of metal cations in aqueous solution using a proton-ionizable macrocycle in a dual module hollow fiber membrane system is described. The advantages of this system, such as easy access to all phases, rapid transport rates, and the potential for continuous operation are maintained with the proton-ionizable macrocycles which allow for proton driven transport. Transport is diffusion limited in the organic phase boundary layer near and on the fibers. Hence, the selectivity of the extraction system is maintained. Selective transport of Ag+ over all other cations tested from neutral source phases and of K+ over other alkali metal cations from basic source phases using a triazole-18-crown-6 carrier has been demonstrated. Selective K+ transport from less basic source phases has been demonstrated using the more acidic thiopyridone-18-crown-6 ligand. However, the large aqueous partition of this ligand makes it difficult to maintain it in the organic phase. Design of the separation systems requires a knowledge of extraction equilibrium constants and partition coefficients. These data have been measured in order to understand these membrane systems.
Assessment of a computerized quantitative quality control tool for whole slide images of kidney biopsies (2020)

Inconsistencies in the preparation of histology slides and whole-slide images (WSIs) may lead to challenges with subsequent image analysis and machine learning approaches for interrogating the WSI. These variabilities are especially pronounced in multicenter cohorts, where batch effects (i.e. systematic technical artifacts unrelated to biological variability) may introduce biases to machine learning algorithms. To date, manual quality control (QC) has been the de facto standard for dataset curation, but remains highly subjective and is too laborious in light of the increasing scale of tissue slide digitization efforts. This study aimed to evaluate a computer-aided QC pipeline for facilitating a reproducible QC process of WSI datasets. An open source tool, HistoQC, was employed to identify image artifacts and compute quantitative metrics describing visual attributes of WSIs to the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) digital pathology repository. A comparison in inter-reader concordance between HistoQC aided and unaided curation was performed to quantify improvements in curation reproducibility. HistoQC metrics were additionally employed to quantify the presence of batch effects within NEPTUNE WSIs. Of the 1814 WSIs (458 H&E, 470 PAS, 438 silver, 448 trichrome) from n = 512 cases considered in this study, approximately 9% (163) were identified as unsuitable for subsequent computational analysis. The concordance in the identification of these WSIs among computational pathologists rose from moderate (Gwet's AC1 range 0.43 to 0.59 across stains) to excellent (Gwet's AC1 range 0.79 to 0.93 across stains) agreement when aided by HistoQC. Furthermore, statistically significant batch effects (p < 0.001) in the NEPTUNE WSI dataset were discovered. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that quantitative QC is a necessary step in the curation of digital pathology cohorts. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
10 nm gap bowtie plasmonic apertures fabricated by modified lift-off process (2016)

Bowtie plasmonic apertures, with gap sizes down to 11 nm and silver film thickness of up to 150 nm (aspect ratio ∼14:1), were fabricated on a silicon nitride membrane. Transmission spectra feature the aperture resonances ranging from 470 to 687 nm, with quality factors around 10. The mode area of the smallest gap aperture is estimated to be as small as 0.002 (λ/n)2 using numerical modeling. Importantly, our fabrication technique, based on an e-beam lithography and a lift-off process, is scalable which allows fabrication of many devices in parallel over a relatively large area. We believe that the devices demonstrated in this work will find application in studying and engineering light-matter interactions.
Structure−Activity Studies of Peptides from the “Hot-Spot” Region of Human CD2 Protein:  Development of Peptides for Immunomodulation (2005)

CD2 is a cell surface protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) that plays a key role in mediating adhesion between human T-lymphocytes and target cells. The interaction between cell-adhesion molecules CD2 and CD58 is critical for immune response. Modulation or inhibition of these interactions has been shown to be therapeutically useful. Synthetic 12-mer linear and cyclic peptides and cyclic hexapeptides from the beta-turn and beta-strand region (hot spot) of human CD2 protein were designed to modulate CD2-CD58 interaction. The 12-amino acid synthetic cyclic peptides effectively blocked the interaction between CD2 and CD58 proteins as demonstrated by E-rosetting and heterotypic adhesion assays. NMR and molecular modeling studies indicated that these cyclic peptides exhibit beta-turn structure in solution and closely mimic the beta-turn structure of the surface epitopes of CD2 protein. The designed cyclic peptides with beta-turn structure have the ability to modulate CD2-CD58 interaction.
Image sharpening metrics and search strategies for indirect adaptive optics (2000)

Adaptive optics is concerned with the correction of turbulence induced aberrations and mis-alignments in optical systems. It is an expensive and complicated technology which has been developed for astronomy and defence applications. Recently, it has found a role within industry and medicine. This thesis deals with a simplified mechanism for adaptive feedback based on the analysis of distorted images, and an iterative feedback process. Simplification is achieved at the expense of speed, but there are particular applications where this technique is suitable. The one considered here is the removal of so-called non-common path errors in a traditional adaptive optics system, which can otherwise degrade the system performance.
Beam intensity averaging method for high precision beam control in optical phased array (2021)

We present element electric field vector rotation method for high precision beam control in optical waveguide array, which is commonly used in microwave antenna applications, and propose a new beam intensity average value method as well. We focus on two kinds of phase control voltage estimation in the optical phased array device, and have a demonstration of the high-precision beam control by using the estimated voltage.
Arenes disubstituted with primary alkyl groups from xylylene dianions (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTArenes disubstituted with primary alkyl groups from xylylene dianionsRobert B. Bates and Craig A. OgleCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 20, 3949–3952Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00141a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00141a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views691Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
‘Conversion is not necessary to regeneration’ (2015)

Abstract The hold which the Christian denominations of England and Wales, and the Nonconformist denominations in particular, had over the peoples of those countries went into irreversible decline in the 1880s and 1890s. This chapter considers whether the decline in church membership and church- and chapel-going was caused by the loss of existing church members and adherents, or the failure of the churches to recruit new members. Evidence suggests that liberal Nonconformists, in trying to adapt their religious beliefs to meet the challenges posed by evolution, higher criticism, and the reaction against eternal punishment, blunted the edge of the Gospel they preached and undermined their ability to win convert.
Detection of Ganglioside-Specific Toxin Binding with Biomembrane-Based Bioelectronic Sensors (2021)

Gangliosides, glycolipids that are abundant in the plasma membrane outer leaflet, play an integral role in cellular recognition, adhesion, and infection by interacting with different endogenous molecules, viruses, and toxins. Model membrane systems, such as ganglioside-enriched supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), present a useful tool for sensing, characterizing, and quantifying such interactions. In this work, we report the formation of ganglioside GM1-rich SLBs on conducting polymer electrodes using a solvent-assisted lipid bilayer assembly method to investigate changes in membrane electrical properties upon binding of the B subunit of cholera toxin. The sensing capabilities of our platform were investigated by varying both the receptor and the toxin concentrations in the system as well as using a complex sample (milk contaminated with the toxin) and monitoring the changes in the electrical properties of the membrane. Our work highlights the potential of such conducting polymer-supported biomembrane-based platforms for detecting the toxins within a complex environment, studying ganglioside-specific biomolecular interactions with toxins and screening inhibitory molecules to prevent these interactions.
Performance Analysis of Mixed Interference Aligned MIMO RF/Unified FSO DF Relaying With Heterodyne Detection and Two IMDD Models (2020)

This paper considers a dual-hop decode-and-forward (DF) mixed radio frequency (RF)/free space optical (FSO) relaying scheme. In this scheme, the first hop is a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) RF interference channel (IC), while the second hop is an FSO channel in which heterodyne detection (HD) as well as intensity modulation-direct detection (IMDD) are considered in a unified analysis manner. It is assumed that the MIMO RF links follow Rayleigh fading, whilst the FSO link encounters Málaga ($\mathcal {M}$ ) fading with pointing errors. In this work, the Interference alignment (IA) technique is utilized in the MIMO RF IC hop to eliminate the interference, and hence this leads to enhance the multiplexing gain in this hop, and accordingly the overall system performance is improved. The design of the IA precoding matrix and receiving interference eliminating matrix is performed by using adapting orthogonalized minimum leakage (OR-ML) algorithm. For the considered scheme, exact closed-form expressions are derived for the outage probability and ergodic capacity, in these expressions the best-known FSO channel capacity results are utilized. Moreover, not only the IMDD input-independent AWGN but also the IMDD cost-dependent AWGN channel is analyzed in these investigations. In addition, the system performance is studied asymptotically at the high SNRs region, where the diversity order and coding gain analyses are illustrated. Further, we allocate simulation results that verify the deduced analytical and asymptotic expressions.
D.3.1: ICT4CART Reference Architecture (2019)

The aim of the ICT4CART project is to design, implement and test in real-life conditions a versatile ICT infrastructure that will enable the transition towards higher levels of automation. It focuses on four high-value use cases: Smart Parking &amp; IoT services, dynamic adaptation of vehicle automation level based on infrastructure information, intersection crossing (urban) &amp; lane merging (highway), and Cross Border Interoperability. Work Package 3 (WP3) builds on the findings of WP2, which includes the specification of the use cases (D2.1), the analysis of market needs (D2.2) and the system requirements (D2.3). Within Task 3.1 of WP3, the ICT4CART Reference Architecture was developed, which is reported in this document. The ICT4CART Reference Architecture will be the basis for the subsequent Tasks 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4, where the key aspects of Flexible Networks, IT Environment, and Cyber-Security &amp; Data Privacy will be refined. Their findings will be reported in the deliverables D3.2, D3.3 and D3.4, respectively. This document describes the ICT4CART Reference Architecture that is used in the ICT4CART project to implement all of the project use cases (see D2.1). First, the Introduction in Section 1 describes the aims of ICT4CART, i.e. the design and deployment of the ICT4CART technologies on the test sites covering all use cases. Section 2 contains the description of the high-level architecture, which aims to not only encompass the ICT4CART use cases and scenarios, but also to be general enough to be re-used for new, different use cases in other projects as well as in the deployment of ICT-based ITS applications. It is followed by descriptions of different views of the architecture, which highlight certain aspects of the architecture. First, in Section 3, a functional view on the architecture is presented, which shows and describes the different functional components that are used in the project. Section 4 describes the types of data that can be transmitted in communication with the IT environment as well as the typical data flows. Then, in Section 5, a communication view is described, which outlines the different communication technologies used in the project (Ad-hoc-networks, cellular networks, hybrid communication) and the approach to their implementation during this project. As finding solutions for Cyber-Security and Data Privacy is a key objective of the project, Section 6 describes how the highlevel architecture can be enhanced with additional security and privacy components to achieve this objective. Finally, Section 7 concludes the document with a summary of the main aspects of the ICT4CART reference architecture.
Nonlinear Dependence of Cu Dishing Depth on the Microstructure of Polishing Pads during Chemical Mechanical Polishing (2009)

The relationship between Cu dishing depth (DD) and Young's modulus of polishing pads during chemical mechanical polishing for various Cu linewidths is investigated. For the Cu width of , the results show that increasing Young's modulus from 161 to slightly decreased Cu DD; there was a major linear decrease until , and Cu DD was a constant value up to . These three regions are characterized by the threshold, linear, and saturated zones. Scanning electron microscopy results show that the nonlinear behavior is in response to the changes in the ratio of pore areas within the polishing pads. We build a model and define an effective polishing length, , to predict Cu DD. is the rotation mode of , the static distance between two neighboring pores. The proposed model shows that the three regions are determined by competition between static chemical etching and variable mechanical wearing resulting from the pore area ratio in relation to Young's modulus. The model is useful for understanding the nonlinear behavior between Cu DD and Young's modulus of the pad.