gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating the value of genetic gain in perennial pastures with emphasis on temperate species (2014)

Relatively little is known about the weightings that breeders consciously or subconsciously place on specific traits when selecting individual plants, or the weightings agronomists and producers use when evaluating the relative merits of alternative cultivars and their potential economic value in farm systems. This is despite the many active programs for breeding improved forage plants, and in contrast to most modern animal-breeding programs where the relative merits of novel genetics are assessed against index-based breeding objectives. There are many reasons why breeding objectives based on profit indices are not used when breeding pasture plants. The nature of pasture as an intermediate input to farm output and profit poses unique difficulties in developing breeding objectives based on profit. In this paper, we review the literature about methods to value genetic gain in perennial grasses. Various methods are canvassed for assessing the value of genetic gain for different pasture species across production systems. In the context of the complexity and cost of estimating the direct economic benefits of superior characteristics of pasture plants in farm systems via bio-economic simulation methods, we outline the use, and usefulness, of discrete choice techniques in the development of weightings for specific traits in forage plant improvement. There is a clear need to estimate the value of new pasture cultivars to producers, and although the differences between individual farms mean that one value or one ‘best’ cultivar is unlikely for any farm, the estimation of potential value of traits and cultivars will allow producers to make choices that are more informed.
Development for 2D pattern quantification method on mask and wafer (2010)

We have developed the effective method of mask and silicon 2-dimensional metrology. The aim of this method is evaluating the performance of the silicon corresponding to Hotspot on a mask. The method adopts a metrology management system based on DBM (Design Based Metrology). This is the high accurate contouring created by an edge detection algorithm used in mask CD-SEM and silicon CD-SEM. Currently, as semiconductor manufacture moves towards even smaller feature size, this necessitates more aggressive optical proximity correction (OPC) to drive the super-resolution technology (RET). In other words, there is a trade-off between highly precise RET and mask manufacture, and this has a big impact on the semiconductor market that centers on the mask business. 2-dimensional Shape quantification is important as optimal solution over these problems. Although 1-dimensional shape measurement has been performed by the conventional technique, 2-dimensional shape management is needed in the mass production line under the influence of RET. We developed the technique of analyzing distribution of shape edge performance as the shape management technique. On the other hand, there is roughness in the silicon shape made from a mass-production line. Moreover, there is variation in the silicon shape. For this reason, quantification of silicon shape is important, in order to estimate the performance of a pattern. In order to quantify, the same shape is equalized in two dimensions. And the method of evaluating based on the shape is popular. In this study, we conducted experiments for averaging method of the pattern (Measurement Based Contouring) as two-dimensional mask and silicon evaluation technique. That is, observation of the identical position of a mask and a silicon was considered. It is possible to analyze variability of the edge of the same position with high precision. The result proved its detection accuracy and reliability of variability on two-dimensional pattern (mask and silicon) and is adaptable to following fields of mask quality management. - Estimate of the correlativity of shape variability and a process margin. - Determination of two-dimensional variability of pattern. - Verification of the performance of the pattern of various kinds of Hotspots. In this report, we introduce the experimental results and the application. We expect that the mask measurement and the shape control on mask production will make a huge contribution to mask yield-enhancement and that the DFM solution for mask quality control process will become much more important technology than ever. It is very important to observe the shape of the same location of Design, Mask, and Silicon in such a viewpoint.
High-efficiency and high-reliability 9xx-nm bars and fiber-coupled devices at Coherent (2006)

Ongoing optimization of epitaxial design within Coherent device engineering has led to a family of high power-conversion-efficiency (PCE) products on conductively cooled packages (CCP) and fiber array packages (FAP). At a 25°C heat sink temperature, the PCE was measured at 71.5% with 75W CW output power on 30% fill-factor (FF) bars with passive cooling. At heat sink temperatures as high as 60°C the PCE of these bars is still maintained above 60%. Powered by such high efficiency 9xx nm diodes, Coherent FAP products have consistently exceeded 55% PCE up to 50W power levels, with 62% PCE demonstrated out of the fiber. High linear-power-density (LPD) operation of 100&#956;m x 7-emitter bars at LPD = 80 mW/&#956;m was also demonstrated. Bars with 7-emitter were measured up to 140W QCW power before catastrophic optical mirror damage (COMD) occurred, which corresponds to a COMD value of 200mW/&#956;m or 2D facet power density of 29.4 MW/cm<sup>2</sup>. Leveraging these improvements has enabled high power FAPs with >90W CW from an 800&#956;m-diameter fiber bundle. Extensive reliability testing has already accumulated 400,000 total real-time device hours at a variety of accelerated and non-accelerated operating conditions. A random failure rate <0.5% per kilo-hours and gradual degradation rate <0.4% per kilo-hours have been observed. For a 30% FF 50W CW 9xx nm bar, this equates to >30,000 hours of median lifetime at a 90% confidence level. More optimized 30% FF 9xx nm bars are under development for power outputs up to 80W CW with extrapolated median lifetimes greater than 20,000 hours.
Molecular remission of chronic myeloid leukaemia following a non‐myeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant: in vivo and in vitro evidence for a graft‐versus‐leukaemia effect (1999)

Two patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) received a non-myeloablative preparative regimen of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine, followed by an unmanipulated, G-CSF-mobilized, peripheral blood stem cell transplant from an HLA-identical sibling. Chimaerism, evaluated in myeloid and T-lymphoid lineages by PCR of minisatellite variable regions, showed day 14 post-transplant haemopoietic recovery to be 90% autologous in both patients. On day 30 the bone marrow showed only 1/20 and 2/18 donor metaphases. By day 100 post transplant both had 100% donor myeloid and lymphoid lineages as assessed by karyotype and minisatellite chimaerism analysis. They subsequently became RT-PCR negative for BCR-ABL. Both survive 7 and 14 months post transplant in molecular remission of CML. In one, donor T cells, stimulated with pre-transplant CML cells, induced 30-50% inhibition of pre-transplant leukaemic CFU-GM, but did not inhibit CFU-GM in the day 60 marrow (46% Ph-negative recipient, 54% donor). These results show that a non-myeloablative allotransplant can induce molecular remissions of CML through a graft-versus-leukaemia effect.
Supplementary Tables 1-5, 7, 9-12 from Mapping the HLA Ligandome of Colorectal Cancer Reveals an Imprint of Malignant Cell Transformation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables 1-5, 7, 9-12 containing: Suppl. Table 1: Sample characteristics; Suppl. Table 2: Patient characteristics; Suppl. Table 3: Control peptides Suppl. Table 4: Peptide-specific properties Suppl. Table 5: Over-represented Peptides HLA class I; Suppl. Table 7: Over-represented Peptides HLA class II; Suppl. Table 9: STRING results Suppl. Table 9: Protein-protein interactions (STRING) Suppl. Table 10: Over-represented pathways (STRING) Suppl. Table 11: Vaccine peptide selection Suppl. Table 12: Candidate vaccine peptides&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis of 2H-Chromenes in Ionic Liquid Solvents (2004)

Vinylboronic acids react with o-hydroxyaryl aldehydes in room temperature ionic liquids in the presence of secondary amines to generate 2H-chromenes.
Orientation restrictions of the peptide hormone, thyrotropin-releasing factor, due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrientation restrictions of the peptide hormone, thyrotropin-releasing factor, due to intramolecular hydrogen bondingGeoffrey Grant, Nicholas Ling, Jean Rivier, Wylie Vale, Madalyn Butcher, and Wayne HewittCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 16, 3070–3073Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00766a020https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00766a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Line Filter Design of Parallel Interleaved VSCs for High-Power Wind Energy Conversion Systems (2015)

The voltage source converters (VSCs) are often connected in parallel in a wind energy conversion system to match the high power rating of the modern wind turbines. The effect of the interleaved carriers on the harmonic performance of the parallel connected VSCs is analyzed in this paper. In order to achieve low-switching losses, the 60° clamp discontinuous pulsewidth modulation (DPWM1) is used to modulate the VSCs. A step-by-step design procedure of the line filter, which ensures the desired harmonic performance under all operating conditions, is presented. The analytical harmonic solution for the two parallel interleaved VSCs is derived in order to obtain the worst case voltage magnitude of the individual harmonic components. The required value of the filter admittance for the specific harmonic component is obtained by using the worst case voltage magnitude and the allowable harmonic injection limit. In order to achieve the desired filter performance with optimal values of the filter parameters, the use of an LC trap branch with the conventional LCL filter is proposed. The expressions for the resonant frequencies of the proposed line filter are derived and used in the design to selectively choose the values of the line filter components. The analysis and design methodology are also verified experimentally.
Experimental Analysis of an MMC Military Track Shoe (1995)

Abstract This paper describes the experimental analysis techniques used during the design of a prototype military track shoe utilizing cast metal matrix composite (MMC) material for use on future military vehicles. The program requirements were to retain the same functionality, strength, durability and wear characteristics as production forged steel track shoes, but with a significant weight reduction and comparable cost. In order to achieve these goals with such significant differences in mechanical properties, a thoroughly integrated design phase combining analytical modeling and experimental techniques was used. Finite element analyses were conducted during the initial design phase to optimize the structure. Various experimental techniques were used to validate the computer models and obtain reliable information in regions not accurately modeled. Destructive tests of the final design were also performed to determine failure loads. Experimental techniques were employed in three distinct phases: reflective photoelasticity and strain gage analysis of an aluminum filled epoxy model for initial analytical verification, transmissive analysis of a 3-D photoelastic model, and finally reflective photoelastic and strain gage analysis of the actual prototype MMC shoe. The results from all phases are discussed, but with greater emphasis on the experimental techniques.
Inhibition of the Escherichia coli 6-Oxopurine Phosphoribosyltransferases by Nucleoside Phosphonates: Potential for New Antibacterial Agents (2013)

Escherichia coli (Ec) cells possess two purine salvage enzymes: xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (XGPRT) and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). EcXGPRT shares a common structural feature with other members of this family, a flexible loop that closes over the active site during catalysis. The replacement of six of these amino acids by alanine has no effect on the Km for the two substrates. However, the Ki for the nucleoside monophosphate increases by 27-fold, and the kcat is reduced by ∼200-fold. Nucleoside phosphonates (NP) are good inhibitors of EcXGPRT and EcHPRT, with Ki values as low as 10 nM. In the absence of the flexible loop, these values increase by 5- to 30-fold, indicating the importance of the loop for high-affinity inhibition. Crystal structures of two NPs in complex with EcXGPRT explain the tight binding. Prodrugs of NPs with low Ki values for EcXGPRT or EcHPRT exhibit IC50 values between 5 and 23 μM against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cell-based assays, suggesting that these compounds are therapeutic leads against pathogenic bacteria.
Ultrahigh Resolution Full-field Optical Coherence Tomography for Visualizing Human Photoreceptor Cells in vivo (2010)

We present in vivo human retinal imaging by full-field (FF) OCT. A phase-locked dual-channel detection scheme was incorporated with a short duration illumination technique. Human retinal cone mosaic was clearly observed by FF-OCT.
Energy-Efficient Templating Method for the Industrial Production of Porous Carbon Particles by a Spray Pyrolysis Process Using Poly(methyl methacrylate) (2018)

Template selection is a critical step to determining an effective and efficient method for the synthesis of porous materials. We introduce the use of the low-cost poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a template in a spray pyrolysis process for the synthesis of a porous carbon particle. Monodisperse, negatively charged, three sizes of PMMA particles are used to evaluate the porous structure formation. The highest surface area of the prepared porous carbon particle is 172 m2/g, which is double that of carbon particles produced using a polystyrene latex (PSL) template. The high surface area is attributed to the low PMMA decomposition residue and the formation of a micropore and a mesopore. The use of PMMA reduces the energy consumption for template decomposition by 32% compared with PSL. This benefit suggests an excellent potential for the use of PMMA in the scaled-up production of porous materials.
Stepwise Access of Emissive Ir(III) Complexes Bearing a Multi-Dentate Heteroaromatic Chelate: Fundamentals and Applications (2022)

Three multi-dentate coordinated chelates L<i>n</i>H<sub>2</sub> (<i>n</i> = 1, 2, and 3), comprising a linked 1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylbenzene and one pyrazolyl pyridine unit and showing either tridentate or tetradentate coordination modes, are successfully designed and synthesized. Dinuclear Ir(III) complexes [Ir(κ<sup>4</sup>-L<i>n</i>)(μ-Cl)]<sub>2</sub> bearing tetradentate coordinated κ<sup>4</sup>-L<i>n</i> chelate (<b>2a</b>, <i>n</i> = 1; <b>2b</b>, <i>n</i> = 2; <b>2c</b>, <i>n</i> = 3) were next obtained en route from the respective intermediate [Ir(κ<sup>3</sup>-L<i>n</i>H)Cl(μ-Cl)]<sub>2</sub> bearing the tridentate coordinated κ<sup>3</sup>-L<i>n</i>H chelate (<b>1a</b>, <i>n</i> = 1; <b>1b</b>, <i>n</i> = 2; <b>1c</b>, <i>n</i> = 3). Next, mononuclear Ir(III) complexes Ir(<i>κ</i><sup>4</sup>-L<i>n</i>)(thd) (<b>3a</b>, <i>n</i> = 1; <b>3b</b>, <i>n</i> = 2; <b>3c</b>, <i>n</i> = 3) with the tetradentate chelate were obtained upon treatment of <b>2</b> with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione (thd)H in the presence of K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. Concurrently, methylation of <b>2c</b> in the presence of MeI and <sup><i>n</i></sup>Bu<sub>4</sub>NCl afforded tridentate Ir(κ<sup>3</sup>-L3HMe)Cl<sub>3</sub> (<b>4</b>) and, next, can be converted to tetradentate Ir(<i>κ</i><sup>4</sup>-L3Me)Cl<sub>2</sub> (<b>5</b>) by further cyclometalation and HCl elimination in refluxing diethylene glycol monoethyl ether solution. The Ir(III) complexes <b>3a</b>, <b>4</b>, and <b>5</b> were unambiguously identified using spectroscopic methods, together with single-crystal X-ray structural analyses on Ir(III) derivatives <b>3a</b>, <b>4</b>, and <b>5</b>. Their photophysical and ,electrochemical properties and device fabrication properties were also investigated and compared with results from theoretical studies.
A New Battery Thermal Management System With Integrated Phase Change Materials and Cold Plate: A Numerical Study (2022)

Abstract Lithium-ion battery (LIB), as a renewable energy storage device has received considerable attention in recent years for its zero-emission, long life, and high energy density. However, the performance, lifespan, and safety of the LIB systems are greatly affected by their operation and storage temperatures. To ensure the batteries to work in the optimum temperature range, various battery thermal management systems (TMS) have been investigated. This research focuses on the numerical study of the thermal performance of a hybrid battery cooling system which consists of an integrated forced cooling (e.g., liquid flow in a cold plate) and phase change materials (PCM) composite — a graphite foam impregnated by paraffin wax. In the numerical model, the non-equilibrium thermodynamics model and Darcy’s law are utilized to simulate the thermal and momentum transports in the PCM composite. The heat generation rates of the battery cells are mainly determined by the depth-of-discharge (DOD) dependent internal resistance. In addition, the numerical model takes into consideration the anisotropic axial and radius thermal conductivities of the LIB battery. The results show that PCM composite plays a critical role in achieving the temperature control and maintaining the temperature difference of the LIB battery module. The melting rate of paraffin wax in the graphite foam is directly related to the coolant flowrate, coolant inlet temperature, porosity of the graphite foam, and the internal resistance of the LIB battery.
Morphological, Structural, and Chemical Effects in Response of Novel Carbide Derived Carbon Sensor to NH3, N2O, and Air (2008)

The response of two carbide derived carbons (CDCs) films to NH(3), N(2)O, and room air is investigated by four probe resistance at room temperature and pressures up to 760 Torr. The two CDC films were synthesized at 600 (CDC-600) and 1000 degrees C (CDC-1000) to vary the carbon morphology from completely amorphous to more ordered, and determine the role of structure, surface area, and porosity on sensor response. Sensor response time followed kinetic diameter and indicated a more ordered carbon structure slowed response due to increased tortuosity caused by the formation of graphitic layers at the particle fringe. Steady state sensor response was greater for the less-ordered material, despite its decreased surface area, decreased micropore volume, and less favorable surface chemistry, suggesting carbon structure is a stronger predictor of sensor response than surface chemistry. The lack of correlation between adsorption of the probe gases and sensor response suggests chemical interaction (charge transfer) drive sensor response within the material; N(2)O response, in particular, did not follow simple adsorption behavior. Based on Raman and FTIR characterization, carbon morphology (disorder) appeared to be the determining factor in overall sensor response, likely due to increased charge transfer between gases and carbon defects of amorphous or disordered regions. The response of the amorphous CDC-600 film to NH(3) was 45% without prior oxidation, showing amorphous CDCs have promise as chemical sensors without additional pretreatment common to other carbon sensors.
Host–Guest Complexes as Water-Soluble High-Performance DNP Polarizing Agents (2013)

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhances the sensitivity of solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy by orders of magnitude and, therefore, opens possibilities for novel applications from biology to materials science. This multitude of opportunities implicates a need for high-performance polarizing agents, which integrate specific physical and chemical features tailored for various applications. Here, we demonstrate that for the biradical bTbK in complex with captisol (CAP), a β-cyclodextrin derivative, host-guest assembling offers a new and easily accessible approach for the development of new polarizing agents. In contrast to bTbK, the CAP-bTbK complex is water-soluble and shows significantly improved DNP performance compared to the commonly used DNP agent TOTAPOL. Furthermore, NMR and EPR data reveal improved electron and nuclear spin relaxation properties for bTbK within the host molecule. The numerous possibilities to functionalize host molecules will permit designing novel radical complexes targeting diverse applications.
Singapore Chinese Eye Study: key findings from baseline examination and the rationale, methodology of the 6-year follow-up series (2019)

Building on SCES-1, SCES-2 will be one of the few longitudinal population-based eye studies to report incidence, progression, and risk factors of major age-related eye diseases. Findings from this cohort may offer new insights, and provide useful reference information for other Chinese populations elsewhere.