gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and Function of Nucleoside Hydrolases from Physcomitrella patens and Maize Catalyzing the Hydrolysis of Purine, Pyrimidine, and Cytokinin Ribosides (2013)

We present a comprehensive characterization of the nucleoside N-ribohydrolase (NRH) family in two model plants, Physcomitrella patens (PpNRH) and maize (Zea mays; ZmNRH), using in vitro and in planta approaches. We identified two NRH subclasses in the plant kingdom; one preferentially targets the purine ribosides inosine and xanthosine, while the other is more active toward uridine and xanthosine. Both subclasses can hydrolyze plant hormones such as cytokinin ribosides. We also solved the crystal structures of two purine NRHs, PpNRH1 and ZmNRH3. Structural analyses, site-directed mutagenesis experiments, and phylogenetic studies were conducted to identify the residues responsible for the observed differences in substrate specificity between the NRH isoforms. The presence of a tyrosine at position 249 (PpNRH1 numbering) confers high hydrolase activity for purine ribosides, while an aspartate residue in this position confers high activity for uridine. Bud formation is delayed by knocking out single NRH genes in P. patens, and under conditions of nitrogen shortage, PpNRH1-deficient plants cannot salvage adenosine-bound nitrogen. All PpNRH knockout plants display elevated levels of certain purine and pyrimidine ribosides and cytokinins that reflect the substrate preferences of the knocked out enzymes. NRH enzymes thus have functions in cytokinin conversion and activation as well as in purine and pyrimidine metabolism.
Copolymer Structure and Performance Consequences of High‐Impact Ethylene–Propylene Copolymers Based on a Ziegler–Natta Catalyst with Novel Internal Donor (2020)

Abstract Catalyst development for advanced isotactic polypropylene copolymer grades cannot be considered without parallel work on the polymerization process, especially when multi‐phase high‐impact ethylene‐propylene copolymers (also called heterophasic copolymers, HECOs) of complex composition are considered. Using a Ziegler–Natta type catalyst produced in an emulsion process and using citraconate ester as internal donor, a series of such high‐impact copolymers is first produced in a bench‐scale reactor. At this stage, the content of ethylene‐propylene copolymer (EPC) phase is varied in a wide range for understanding the catalyst performance as well as the resulting structure‐property relations, using three‐stage polymerization to emulate multiple reactors. Selected compositions are subsequently scaled up to a multi‐reactor pilot plant, demonstrating composition effects on mechanical performance. Both stages are accompanied by structural investigations using 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The novel catalyst is found to be capable of synthesizing HECOs in a wide range of elastomer (EPC) content, achieving free‐flowing polymer powders up to an elastomer content as expressed by the xylene cold soluble fraction of 37 wt%.
Effects of Musical Training on the Auditory Cortex in Children (2003)

Several studies of the effects of musical experience on sound representations in the auditory cortex are reviewed. Auditory evoked potentials are compared in response to pure tones, violin tones, and piano tones in adult musicians versus nonmusicians as well as in 4- to 5-year-old children who have either had or not had extensive musical experience. In addition, the effects of auditory frequency discrimination training in adult nonmusicians on auditory evoked potentials are examined. It was found that the P2-evoked response is larger in both adult and child musicians than in nonmusicians and that auditory training enhances this component in nonmusician adults. The results suggest that the P2 is particularly neuroplastic and that the effects of musical experience can be seen early in development. They also suggest that although the effects of musical training on cortical representations may be greater if training begins in childhood, the adult brain is also open to change. These results are discussed with respect to potential benefits of early musical training as well as potential benefits of musical experience in aging.
Butadiene-Isoprene Block Copolymers and Their Hydrogenated Derivatives. (1981)

This report includes the following papers: Anionic Copolymerization of Butadiene and Isoprene with Organolithium Initiators in Hexane; The Reactivity of Polydiene Anions with Divinyl Benzene; Hydrogenated Linear Block Copolymers of Butadiene and Isoprene; Effects of Variation of Composition and Sequence Architecture on Properties; and Chemorheology. (Author)
Supplementary Figures 1-10 from Integrin α4β1 Signaling Is Required for Lymphangiogenesis and Tumor Metastasis (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-10 from Integrin α4β1 Signaling Is Required for Lymphangiogenesis and Tumor Metastasis
Control of 4-magnon-scattering in a magnonic waveguide by pure spin current (2023)

We use a pure spin current originating from the spin Hall effect to generate a spin-orbit torque (SOT) strongly reducing the effective damping in an adjacent ferromagnet. Due to additional microwave excitation, large spin-wave amplitudes are achieved exceeding the threshold for 4-magnon scattering, thus resulting in additional spin-wave signals at discrete frequencies. Two or more modes are generated below and above the directly pumped mode with equal frequency spacing. It is shown how this nonlinear process can be controlled in magnonic waveguides by the applied dc current and the microwave pumping power. The sudden onset of the nonlinear effect after exceeding the thresholds can be interpreted as spiking phenomenom which makes the effect potentially interesting for neuromorphic computing applications. Moreover, we investigated this effect under microwave frequency and external field variation. The appearance of the additional modes was investigated in the time-domain revealing a time delay between the directly excited and the simultaneously generated nonlinear modes. Furthermore, spatially resolved measurements show different spatial decay lengths of the directly pumped mode and nonlinear modes.
Supplemental Figures and Tables legends from Notch1 Mutations Are Drivers of Oral Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures and Tables legends&lt;/p&gt;
Unexpected optical behaviour of standard single mode fibre cladding (2007)

The propagation property of an optical signal along the cladding of a fibre leads to new applications either in the telecommunication or in the sensor fields. In order to analyse the optical behaviour of the cladding, in this contribution, photoelastic measures are presented, realized by means an experimental tomographic set-up useful to measure fibre birefringence. Birefringence depends especially on the frozen internal stress that is generated during the drawing process. Photoelastic tomography is an appropriate method in measuring the stress distribution over an optical fibre section.
The Ag dielectric function in plasmonic metamaterials (2008)

Ag permittivity (dielectric function) in coupled strips is different from bulk and has been studied for strips of various dimensions and surface roughness. Arrays of such paired strips exhibit the properties of metamagnetics. The surface roughness does not affect the Ag dielectric function, although it does increase the loss at the plasmon resonances of the coupled strips. The size effect in the imaginary part of the dielectric function is significant for both polarizations of light, parallel and perpendicular to the strips with relatively large A-parameter.
[Book review] Trees and the law in Canada (2018)

Review of the book "Trees and the law in Canada" by Julian A. Dunster ([Victoria, BC]: Dunster &amp; Associates Environmental Consultants, 2018).
Gefügeausbildung und Karbidauflösung beim Laserbeschichten von Stahl mit Wolframkarbid-verstärkten Ni- und Co-Hartlegierungen / Microstructures and Dissolution of Carbides Occurring during the Laser Cladding of Steel with Tungsten Carbide Reinforced Ni- and Co-Hard Alloys (1995)

Article Gefügeausbildung und Karbidauflösung beim Laserbeschichten von Stahl mit Wolframkarbid-verstärkten Ni- und Co-Hartlegierungen / Microstructures and Dissolution of Carbides Occurring during the Laser Cladding of Steel with Tungsten Carbide Reinforced Ni- and Co-Hard Alloys was published on May 1, 1995 in the journal Practical Metallography (volume 32, issue 5).
Patients with Rare Cancers in the Drug Rediscovery Protocol (DRUP) Benefit from Genomics-Guided Treatment (2022)

Comprehensive molecular testing in patients with rare cancers may identify treatment opportunities and clinical benefit similar to patients with common cancers. Our findings highlight the importance of access to broad molecular diagnostics to ensure equal treatment opportunities for all patients with cancer.
Gas sensing using a resilient polymer photonic crystal nanocavity with ultra-high quality factor (2013)

We present a high-sensitivity, multi-use optical gas sensor based on a one-dimensional polymer photonic crystal cavity. With an experimental Q exceeding 13100, we predict detection levels on the parts-per-billion range for a variety of gases.
Comprehensive Research Synopsis and Systematic Meta-Analyses in Parkinson's Disease Genetics: The PDGene Database (2012)

More than 800 published genetic association studies have implicated dozens of potential risk loci in Parkinson's disease (PD). To facilitate the interpretation of these findings, we have created a dedicated online resource, PDGene, that comprehensively collects and meta-analyzes all published studies in the field. A systematic literature screen of -27,000 articles yielded 828 eligible articles from which relevant data were extracted. In addition, individual-level data from three publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were obtained and subjected to genotype imputation and analysis. Overall, we performed meta-analyses on more than seven million polymorphisms originating either from GWAS datasets and/or from smaller scale PD association studies. Meta-analyses on 147 SNPs were supplemented by unpublished GWAS data from up to 16,452 PD cases and 48,810 controls. Eleven loci showed genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10(-8)) association with disease risk: BST1, CCDC62/HIP1R, DGKQ/GAK, GBA, LRRK2, MAPT, MCCC1/LAMP3, PARK16, SNCA, STK39, and SYT11/RAB25. In addition, we identified novel evidence for genome-wide significant association with a polymorphism in ITGA8 (rs7077361, OR 0.88, P = 1.3 × 10(-8)). All meta-analysis results are freely available on a dedicated online database (www.pdgene.org), which is cross-linked with a customized track on the UCSC Genome Browser. Our study provides an exhaustive and up-to-date summary of the status of PD genetics research that can be readily scaled to include the results of future large-scale genetics projects, including next-generation sequencing studies.
A DC Transformer (2013)

A component level dc transformer is described in which no alternating currents or voltages are present. It operates by combining features of a homopolar motor and a homopolar generator, both dc devices, such that the output voltage of a dc power supply can be stepped up (or down) with a corresponding step down (or up) in the current. The basic theory for this device is developed, performance predictions are made, and the results from a small prototype are presented. Based on demonstrated technology in the literature, this dc transformer should be scalable to low megawatt levels, but it is more suited to high current than high voltage applications. Significant development would be required before it could achieve the kilovolt levels needed for dc power transmission.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Self‐Assembling Squalene Conjugates of 3‐[(Pyrrol‐2‐yl)methylidene]‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indol‐2‐one Anticancer Agents (2014)

Abstract Squalenoyl conjugates of semaxanib and sunitinib, two potent antiangiogenic (pyrrolyl)methylidenyl‐substituted oxindole multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors, were synthesized with a hemiaminal‐based pH‐sensitive linker. The prodrugs were prepared according to a three‐step sequence involving (i) N ‐alkylation with chloromethoxy‐triisopropylsilane; (ii) desilylation; and (iii) acylation with trisnorsqualenic acid. These squalenoyl prodrugs were found to self‐assemble into nanoassemblies in aqueous media without the need for any surfactant. The nanosized aggregates were characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, and appeared to be stable in water for several days, as determined by particle‐size measurement. In vitro biological studies showed that squalenoyl sunitinib nanoassemblies are notably cytotoxic against the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVEC), which is involved in the tumor vessel formation.
Generation-recombination noise in forward-biased 4H-SiC p-n diode (2007)

The current and frequency dependencies of the low frequency noise have been investigated in 4H-SiC <i>p</i><sup>+</sup><i>-n</i> junctions in the frequency range 10<sup>0</sup>-10<sup>4</sup> Hz and at current densities from 10<sup>-4</sup> to 10<sup>1</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>. Good quality of the <i>p</i><sup>+</sup><i>-n</i> diode under investigation has been ascertained by high value of the recombination time in the space charge region, &tgr;R &ap; 70 ns, extracted from current voltage characteristic. At small current densities <i>j</i> &les; 10<sup>-3</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>, the spectral noise density S<sub>I</sub> &prop;1/<i>f</i><sup>3/2</sup>. At 10<sup>-3</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup> < <i>j</i> < 10<sup>-2</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>, the generation-recombination (GR) noise predominates. The amplitude of this GR noise non-monotonically depends on current. At <i>j</i> &ges; 10<sup>-2</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>, the 1/<i>f</i> (flicker noise) is dominant. A new model of GR noise of the recombination current in forward biased <i>p-n </i>junction has been proposed. The model assumes that a trap level located relatively close to the conduction band is responsible for the observed GR noise. The main contribution to the GR noise comes from the fluctuations of the charge state of the trap. The model describes well both current and frequency dependencies of the observed GR noise.
Real-time rendering of dynamic scenes using wave field synthesis (2003)

Wave field synthesis (WFS) methods, combined with the MPEG-4 multimedia standard, allow us to capture, transmit and reproduce time-varying acoustic scenes, such as theatre events with moving actors in a concert hall, in a perceptually realistic way for groups of listeners in a defined listening area. In this paper, we present related techniques that have been developed within the European project Carrouso.
A Tubular Biocontainer: Metal Ion-Induced 1D Assembly of a Molecularly Engineered Chaperonin (2009)

GroEL(SP/MC), prepared by genetic and chemical modifications of group I chaperonin protein GroEL, site-specifically possesses approximately 28 photochromic (spiropyran [SP] and merocyanine [MC]) units in the entrance parts of its cavity. Addition of divalent metal ions such as Mg(2+) to a tris-HCl buffer solution of GroEL(SP/MC) results in one-dimensional (1D) assembly of GroEL(SP/MC), affording cylindrical hollow fibers with a very large aspect ratio; the longest fiber was approximately 2.5 microm long, corresponding to a 170-mer of GroEL(SP/MC) (MW approximately 1.4 x 10(8)). When such long fibers are mixed with EDTA, they are cut into short-chain oligomers and eventually into monomeric GroEL(SP/MC). Similar to GroEL, GroEL(SP/MC) possesses a large binding affinity toward denatured proteins. When GroEL(SP/MC) undergoes 1D assembly after incubation with a denatured protein, guest-containing cylindrical fibers result.
Phase Segregation of Thin Film Polymer Blends on Au Nanopatterned Si Substrates (2004)

We present a method for producing nano- to submicron scale, chemically heterogeneous surface patterns using an Ar ion mill. To observe the effects of the pattern on dewetting, thin films of PS and PMMA blends were spun-cast and annealed on these surfaces. The results showed that in hole morphologies the as-cast samples phase segregated with q2 ∼ q1/2, where q2 and q1 are the wave vectors characterizing the air interface morphology and the Au/Si pattern, respectively. Annealing resulted in the formation of a heterogeneous surface adsorbed phase covered by a PS layer at the air interface. The wave vector of the adsorbed phase, q4, obeyed the relationship q4 ∼ q1/2 for holes and q4 ∼ 2q1 for islands. The PS layer was observed to completely wet the surface adsorbed layer when the PS and PMMA domains were bicontinuous. Partial wetting occurred when either the PS or PMMA phase in the adsorbed layer was discontinuous.
In-situ characterization of e-cigarette aerosols by 90°-light scattering of polarized light (2018)

The polarization ratio method is used for fast in-situ characterization of unimodal condensed aerosols of e-cigarettes. The method is based on 90°-light scattering of polarized 680 nm laser light by the droplet ensemble inside an optically defined measuring volume. Mass median droplet diameter (MMD) is derived from the ratio of scattered light from horizontally and vertically polarized incident light beams assuming a fixed value of the geometric standard deviation of the aerosol mass distribution. MMD is used to correct for the size dependence of the mass-based scattering signal of vertically polarized light to obtain the mass concentration if the sensor is calibrated once with an aerosol with a fixed MMD. The sensor uses commercially available aerosol photometers, and its application to e-cigarette aerosols was validated with an impactor for MMD and with a filter measurement for mass concentration. Good correlation (r2 > 0.97) for both parameters was observed. Application ranges are mass concentration range 0.5–50 mg/L, MMD 0.2–1.2 µm, 100 ms time resolution, and 0.2–3 L/min flow rate. The usefulness of this simple sensor for e-cigarette aerosol characterization is demonstrated by developing a scaling law between MMD and operating parameters of an e-cigarette, i.e., puff flow rate and mass concentration.Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research
Progress in the Active Immunotherapeutic Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease: Clinical Investigations into AN1792-Associated Meningoencephalitis (2008)

ME following injection of AN1792 may be related to immune response differences driven by a formulation change. To address this, a novel peptide-carrier protein conjugate using an amino-terminal fragment of Abeta (ACC-001) has been developed to avoid potentially harmful T-cell responses, while maintaining a similar antibody response to that of AN1792. Immunotherapeutic trials using this treatment approach in AD patients are in progress.
In vivo real-time ethanol vapor detection in the interstitial fluid of a Wistar rat using piezoresistive microcantilevers (2007)

Real-time, in vivo measurements were taken in the interstitial fluid of a Wistar rat after administering 2.5g∕kg ethanol by intraperitoneal injection. A low-power piezoresistive microcantilever sensor array was used with polymer coatings suitable for measuring ethanol concentrations at 100% humidity over several hours. A hydrophobic, vapor permeable nanopore membrane was used to screen liquid and ions while allowing vapor to pass to the sensor that was implanted into the saline environment presented by the interstitial fluid. The real-time measurements followed the time scale of previous blood ethanol concentration data.
Preclinical Efficacy of LP-184, a Tumor Site Activated Synthetic Lethal Therapeutic, in Glioblastoma (2023)

These results establish LP-184 as a promising chemotherapeutic for GBM with enhanced efficacy in intrinsic or spironolactone-induced TC-NER-deficient tumors.
Spermatid specific thioredoxin (SPTRX3) as a novel human male infertility marker [abstract] (2008)

Spermatid Specific Thioredoxin (SPTRX3) is a protein that accumulates in the superfluous cytoplasm of defective human spermatozoa.We researched the relationship between SPTRX3 and male infertility in men from 239 couples undergoing IVF or ICSI fertility treatment.The SPTRX3 content of human sperm was evaluated by flow cytometry, epifluorescence microscopy, western blotting, and a novel Image Stream technology.Extremely high sperm SPTRX3 levels (>15% SPTRX3-positive sperm) were discovered in 51% of male infertility patients (n=72, but also in 20% of men from couples with idiopathic infertility (n=61) and in 14% of men from couples with female infertility (n=85).Men with greater than 15% SPTRX3-positive sperm produced fewer pronuclear zygotes and had a significantly reduced chance of conceiving (16.7% pregnant couples vs. 43.8%pregnant with less than 5% SPTRX-positive sperm).SPTRX3-levels were significantly lower in couple treated with IVF compared to couples undergoing ICSI treatment.High sperm SPTRX3 compounded female infertility in couples diagnosed with combined male and female infertility and had a profound effect on pregnancy rates in the subgroup of women over the age of 35.Image Stream confirmed that the SPTRX3 containing cells were spermatozoa with a variety of morphological effects.Flow cytometric data SPTRX3 values positively correlated with light microscopy SPTRX3 evaluation, offering a simple clinical version of SPTRX3-assay.Men with greater than 15% of SPTRX3-positive spermatozoa have their chance of fathering children by IVF or ICSI reduced by nearly two thirds.SPTRX3 protein is a suitable biomarker for unbiased, objective diagnosis of male infertility relevant to decision making in ART.
Imprinted antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages carry distinct spike mutations and represent an antigenic shift resulting in escape from antibodies induced by previous infection or vaccination. We show that hybrid immunity or vaccine boosters result in potent plasma neutralizing activity against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 and that breakthrough infections, but not vaccination-only, induce neutralizing activity in the nasal mucosa. Consistent with immunological imprinting, most antibodies derived from memory B cells or plasma cells of Omicron breakthrough cases cross-react with the Wuhan-Hu-1, BA.1 and BA.2 receptor-binding domains whereas Omicron primary infections elicit B cells of narrow specificity. While most clinical antibodies have reduced neutralization of Omicron, we identified an ultrapotent pan-variant antibody, that is unaffected by any Omicron lineage spike mutations and is a strong candidate for clinical development.
Atrial tachycardia circuits include low voltage area from index atrial fibrillation ablation relationship between RF ablation lesion and AT (2020)

Analysis of detailed 3D electroanatomical mapping demonstrates that most ATs after PsAF ablation are involving LVAs due to index RF lesions.