gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new intra-disk redundancy scheme for high-reliability RAID storage systems in the presence of unrecoverable errors (2008)

Today's data storage systems are increasingly adopting low-cost disk drives that have higher capacity but lower reliability, leading to more frequent rebuilds and to a higher risk of unrecoverable media errors. We propose an efficient intradisk redundancy scheme to enhance the reliability of RAID systems. This scheme introduces an additional level of redundancy inside each disk, on top of the RAID redundancy across multiple disks. The RAID parity provides protection against disk failures, whereas the proposed scheme aims to protect against media-related unrecoverable errors. In particular, we consider an intradisk redundancy architecture that is based on an interleaved parity-check coding scheme, which incurs only negligible I/O performance degradation. A comparison between this coding scheme and schemes based on traditional Reed--Solomon codes and single-parity-check codes is conducted by analytical means. A new model is developed to capture the effect of correlated unrecoverable sector errors. The probability of an unrecoverable failure associated with these schemes is derived for the new correlated model, as well as for the simpler independent error model. We also derive closed-form expressions for the mean time to data loss of RAID-5 and RAID-6 systems in the presence of unrecoverable errors and disk failures. We then combine these results to characterize the reliability of RAID systems that incorporate the intradisk redundancy scheme. Our results show that in the practical case of correlated errors, the interleaved parity-check scheme provides the same reliability as the optimum, albeit more complex, Reed--Solomon coding scheme. Finally, the I/O and throughput performances are evaluated by means of analysis and event-driven simulation.
Optical fibre backscatter-loss signatures: identification of features and correlation with known defects using the two-channel technique (1980)

A pulse propagating in an optical fibre returns scattered light to the source as an exponentially decaying waveform, the instantaneous slope of which yields the local attenuation at a corresponding point in the fibre. However, plots of local attenuation with length (the backscatter-loss signature) frequently exhibit severe fluctuations and anomalies such as negative values. We report here a study based on the newly-developed two-channel technique, aimed at verifying the accuracy of the average loss determined by backscatter measurements and correlating features in the signature with known fibre defects. In particular, a complete spectral backscatter attenuation measurement performed over a wide spectral range has been obtained, thus allowing an effective comparison to be made with that obtained by the conventional cutback technique. &lt;br/&gt; Furthermore, backscatter-loss signatures are presented which clearly show correlation with programmed fibre defects and indicate that, in contrast to the conclusions of ref. 2, in many cases diameter fluctuations are the cause of unidentified features in the backscatter waveform. Moreover, it is possible to infer the nature of the diameter variation from its loss signature.
Biased liquid crystal photonic bandgap fiber (2008)

We simulate the director structure of all capillaries in a biased photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with liquid crystals. Various mode simulations for different capillaries show the necessity to consider the entire structure.
Photoionization measurement of the triplet lifetime of benzene (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoionization measurement of the triplet lifetime of benzeneM. A. Duncan, T. G. Dietz, M. G. Liverman, and R. E. SmalleyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 1, 7–9Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150601a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j150601a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views351Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Bioactivation by Phase‐II‐Enzyme‐Catalyzed Conjugation of Xenobiotics (2012)

Abstract Phase‐II‐enzyme‐catalyzed conjugation of xenobiotics with endogenous cofactors leads to hydrophilic derivatives that, in most cases, functions in the elimination and detoxification of xenobiotics from the body. However, this process can also mediate their bioactivation to chemically‐reactive and hence potentially toxic metabolites. The major conjugation reactions known to be involved in xenobiotic bioactivation are glucuronidation, sulfonation, acetylation, GSH conjugation, and acyl‐S‐CoA formation. Chemically‐reactive metabolites of xenobiotics can lead to covalent binding to protein and/or nucleic acids which some cases leads to intrinsic and/or idiosyncratic toxicity and carcinogenicity. This chapter will cover the known mechanisms of xenobiotic bioactivation by phase‐II‐drug‐conjugating enzymes.
Atomic layer deposition of nanoporous biomaterials (2010)

Due to its chemical stability, uniform pore size, and high pore density, nanoporous alumina is being investigated for use in biosensing, drug delivery, hemodialysis, and other medical applications. In recent work, we have examined the use of atomic layer deposition for coating the surfaces of nanoporous alumina membranes. Zinc oxide coatings were deposited on nanoporous alumina membranes using atomic layer deposition. The zinc oxide-coated nanoporous alumina membranes demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. These results suggest that atomic layer deposition is an attractive technique for modifying the surfaces of nanoporous alumina membranes and other nanostructured biomaterials.
Statistical modelling of outliers for fast visual search (2011)

The matching of keypoints present in two images is an uncertain process in which many matches may be incorrect. The statistical properties of the log distance ratio for pairs of in correct matches are distinctly different from the properties of that for correct matches. Based on a statistical model, we propose a goodness-of-fit test in order to establish whether two images contain views of the same object. This technique can be used as a fast geometric consistency check for visual search.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthetic Method for Cyclopentanones via Formal (3 + 2) Cycloaddition Reaction. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lipid rafts are required for effective renal D 1 dopamine receptor function (2020)

Effective receptor signaling is anchored on the preferential localization of the receptor in lipid rafts, which are plasma membrane platforms replete with cholesterol and sphingolipids. We hypothesized that the dopamine D<sub>1</sub> receptor (D<sub>1</sub> R) contains structural features that allow it to reside in lipid rafts for its activity. Mutation of C347 palmitoylation site and Y218 of a newly identified Cholesterol Recognition Amino Acid Consensus motif resulted in the exclusion of D<sub>1</sub> R from lipid rafts, blunted cAMP response, impaired sodium transport, and increased oxidative stress in renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs). Kidney-restricted silencing of Drd1 in C57BL/6J mice increased blood pressure (BP) that was normalized by renal tubule-restricted rescue with D<sub>1</sub> R-wild-type but not the mutant D<sub>1</sub> R 347A that lacks a palmitoylation site. Kidney-restricted disruption of lipid rafts by β-MCD jettisoned the D<sub>1</sub> R from the brush border, decreased sodium excretion, and increased oxidative stress and BP in C57BL/6J mice. Deletion of the PX domain of the novel D<sub>1</sub> R-binding partner sorting nexin 19 (SNX19) resulted in D<sub>1</sub> R partitioning solely to non-raft domains, while silencing of SNX19 impaired D<sub>1</sub> R function in RPTCs. Kidney-restricted silencing of Snx19 resulted in hypertension in C57BL/6J mice. Our results highlight the essential role of lipid rafts for effective D<sub>1</sub> R signaling.
Inherently Safe Resonant Reset Forward Converter Using a Bias-Enhanced SiC JFET (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrotalcite‐Like Anionic Clays in Catalytic Organic Reactions (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Host–microbe relationships in inflammatory bowel disease detected by bacterial and metaproteomic analysis of the mucosal–luminal interface (2011)

These findings suggest that computational mining of mucosa-associated bacteria for host interaction provides an unsupervised strategy to uncover networks of bacterial taxa and host processes relevant to normal and disease states. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;).
Experimental verification the electron return effect around spherical air cavities for the MR‐Linac using Monte Carlo calculation (2020)

The dose effects due to ERE around spherical air cavities are being calculated in the TPS with sufficient accuracy for clinical use.
Genome to Kinome: Species-Specific Peptide Arrays for Kinome Analysis (2009)

Tools for conducting high-throughput kinome analysis do not exist for many species. For example, two commonly used techniques for monitoring phosphorylation events are phosphorylation-specific antibodies and peptide arrays. The majority of phosphorylation-specific antibodies are for human or mouse targets, and the construction of peptide arrays relies on information from phosphorylation databases, which are similarly biased toward human and mouse data. This is a substantial obstacle because many species other than mouse represent important biological models. On the basis of the observation that phosphorylation events are often conserved across species with respect to their relative positioning within proteins and their biological function, we demonstrate that it is possible to predict the sequence contexts of phosphorylation events in other species for the production of peptide arrays for kinome analysis. Through this approach, genomic information can be rapidly used to create inexpensive, customizable, species-specific peptide arrays for high-throughput kinome analysis. We anticipate that these arrays will be valuable for investigating the conservation of biological responses across species, validating animal models of disease, and translating research to clinical applications.
Viral epitope profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals cross-reactivity and correlates of severity (2020)

Understanding humoral responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for improving diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Deep serological profiling of 232 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and 190 pre-COVID-19 era controls using VirScan revealed more than 800 epitopes in the SARS-CoV-2 proteome, including 10 epitopes likely recognized by neutralizing antibodies. Preexisting antibodies in controls recognized SARS-CoV-2 ORF1, whereas only COVID-19 patient antibodies primarily recognized spike protein and nucleoprotein. A machine learning model trained on VirScan data predicted SARS-CoV-2 exposure history with 99% sensitivity and 98% specificity; a rapid Luminex-based diagnostic was developed from the most discriminatory SARS-CoV-2 peptides. Individuals with more severe COVID-19 exhibited stronger and broader SARS-CoV-2 responses, weaker antibody responses to prior infections, and higher incidence of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus 1, possibly influenced by demographic covariates. Among hospitalized patients, males produce stronger SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses than females.
The Gut Microbiome Alterations in Pediatric Patients with Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders (2021)

In this prospective longitudinal study, we enrolled 54 healthy pediatric controls and 28 functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) pediatric patients (mean age was 11 ± 2.58 years old). Fecal samples and symptom questionnaires were obtained from all participants over the course of the year. Clinical data assessment showed that FAPDs patients were more symptomatic than the control group. Microbiome analysis revealed that Phylum Bacteroidetes was higher in FAPDs compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while phylum Firmicutes was lower in FAPDs (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, Verrucomicrobiota was higher in the control group than the FAPDs (<i>p</i> < 0.05). At the genus level the relative abundance of 72 bacterial taxa showed statistically significant differences between the two groups and at the school term levels. In the control group, Shannon diversity, Observed_species, and Simpson were higher than the FAPDs (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and beta diversity showed differences between the two groups (PERMANOVA = 2.38; <i>p</i> = 0.002) as well. Using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> family and <i>Megaspherae</i> showed increased abundances in vacation term (LDA score > 2.0, LEfSe, <i>p</i> < 0.05). In the FAPDs group, the severity of symptoms (T-scores) correlated with 11 different taxa bacterial relative abundances using Pearson's correlation and linear regression analyses. Our data showed that gut microbiome is altered in FAPDs compared to the control. Differences in other metrics such as alpha- and beta diversity were also reported between the two groups. Correlation of the severity of the disease (T-scores) correlated with gut microbiome. Finally, our findings support the use of <i>Faecalibacterium/Bacteroides</i> ratio as a potential diagnostic biomarker for FAPDs.
Coalesced Multicentric Analysis of 2,351 Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes Indicates an Underestimation of Poor-Risk Cytogenetics of Myelodysplastic Syndromes in the International Prognostic Scoring System (2011)

The independent prognostic impact of poor-risk cytogenetics on overall survival is equivalent to the impact of high blast counts. This finding should be considered in the upcoming revision of the IPSS.
Current Progress in Uterus Transplantation Research in Asia (2019)

Uterus transplantation (UTx) is now a possible approach for women with absolute uterine factor infertility to deliver a child, following the first successful delivery by Brännström et al. in Sweden in September 2014. This remarkable achievement attracted major attention worldwide and caused many countries to prepare for UTx, including countries in Asia. To date, three groups have performed UTx in humans in Asia, and many others are aiming for the clinical application of UTx with accumulation of basic experimental data. Therefore, it is likely that UTx will expand rapidly in Asia in the near future, although this will depend on ethical, social and religious views in each country. With this background, herein we summarize the current progress of UTx in East, Southeast and South Asia, with the purpose of increasing understanding of the current status of basic and clinical UTx research in each country and sharing progress and knowledge to ensure future development of UTx research in Asia.
Additive manufacturing of polymer melts for implantable medical devices and scaffolds (2017)

Melt processing is routinely used to fabricate medical polymeric devices/implants for clinical reconstruction and can be incorporated into quality systems procedures for medical device manufacture. As additive manufacturing (AM) becomes increasingly used for biomaterials and biofabrication, the translation of new, customizable, medical devices to the clinic becomes paramount. Melt processing is therefore a distinguishable group within AM that provides an avenue to manufacture scaffolds/implants with a clinical end-point. Three key melt processing AM technologies are highlighted in this review: melt micro-extrusion, selective laser sintering and melt electrospinning writing. The in vivo (including clinical) outcomes of medical devices and scaffolds made with these processes are reviewed. Together, they encompass the melt AM of scaffold architectures with feature sizes and resolutions ranging from 800 nm up to 700 μm.
ANALYSIS OF UCSD COLUMNS BY MODIFIED COMPRESSION FIELD THEORY. IN: FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES (2001)

The paper describes the Modified Compression Field Theory (MCFT), developed over the last 20 years at the University of Toronto, which is a general method for the analysis of reinforced concrete elements subjected to shear. The MCFT uses range from simple hand techniques in the AASHTO code through computer based sectional analysis methods to nonlinear finite element analysis procedures. A brief explanation of the MCFT is provided, and it is then used to calculate the behavior of six UCSD columns.
Avoiding Construction Claims by Clear and Specific, Non-Ambiguous Information (2007)

There is a great demand in the industry to avoid/minimize claims. The definition of claim should be well understood. It should not be confused with the scope change or entitled extra cost. After having worked in the industry as Planner, Designer, Construction Manager, Owner, Operator and Maintainer on several larger construction projects for several years, the author would like to share his knowledge and experience on some of the potential weak areas in the contract documents; precedence of items in the contract documents (specifications, drawings, general conditions, reference drawings, details etc); relationship amongst budget, schedule of values and man-hours loading; improper location of information in the specification and drawings which are normally missed during constructability review and/or interdisciplinary coordination; missing cross references; value of reference documents in relation to main contract document; value engineering verses scope reduction etc. These are a few causes of perceived potential claims. The paper will also try to shed some light on how the bids are put together by the potential bidders/contractors and how the arbitration system and/or litigation system works in establishing the merits of the claim. Finally, the author will make a few recommendations to avoid and/or minimize claim.
GlyT1 − Up from the Ashes. The Importance of Not Condemning a Mechanism Based on a Single Chemotype (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTGlyT1 − Up from the Ashes. The Importance of Not Condemning a Mechanism Based on a Single ChemotypeCraig LindsleyCite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2010, 1, 3, 165–166Publication Date (Web):March 17, 2010Publication History Published online17 March 2010Published inissue 17 March 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cn100017ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cn100017aeditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1336Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (647 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Amines,Inhibition,Inhibitors,Receptors,Schizophrenia Get e-Alerts
Transcriptional profiling of β-2M−SPα-6+THY1+ spermatogonial stem cells in human spermatogenesis (2022)

Male infertility is responsible for approximately half of all cases of reproductive issues. Spermatogenesis originates in a small pool of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), which are of interest for therapy of infertility but remain not well defined in humans. Using multiparametric analysis of the side population (SP) phenotype and the α-6 integrin, THY1, and β-2 microglobulin cell markers, we identified a population of human primitive undifferentiated spermatogonia with the phenotype β-2 microglobulin (β-2M)<sup>-</sup>SPα-6<sup>+</sup>THY1<sup>+</sup>, which is highly enriched in stem cells. By analyzing the expression signatures of this SSC-enriched population along with other germinal progenitors, we established an exhaustive transcriptome of human spermatogenesis. Transcriptome profiling of the human β-2M<sup>-</sup>SPα-6<sup>+</sup>THY1<sup>+</sup> population and comparison with the profile of mouse undifferentiated spermatogonia provide insights into the molecular networks and key transcriptional regulators regulating human SSCs, including the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressor HES1, which we show to be implicated in maintenance of SSCs in vitro.