gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase-Based Nonrigid Deformation for Digital Subtraction Angiography (2019)

We present a method for digital subtraction angiography based on phase-based nonrigid deformation with specific consideration for changes between the image pairs. Input images are transformed into a scale-space representation using complex-valued filter responses. We apply a novel selection criterion to discern object motion and actual change by comparing the magnitudes in the responses. By manipulating phase, we directly generate a deformed image without explicit calculation of motion vectors. Our method is particularly useful in angiographic imaging where subtle changes between the image pairs should be preserved within the deformation and subtraction process. The experiments show that the proposed method preserves contrast for vessels and tumor stains while reducing motion artifact, which is clinically meaningful.
Molecular orbital considerations in probing the stereoselective dissociations of cobalt-coordinated hexosamine monosaccharides (2001)

The mechanisms for the stereoselective dissociation pathways of isomeric [CoIII(diaminopropane)2(hexosamine-2H)]+ complexes are studied by ion trap and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The exact masses of product ions were measured in order to determine the composition of each loss, and isotopic labeling experiments were used to determine which atoms were lost during dissociation. MS3 studies were used to probe the structures of the product ions from MS2 experiments. Based on the experimental evidence obtained, mechanisms explaining the dissociations are postulated. In deciphering the mechanisms, careful attention was paid to the molecular orbital alignment of the reacting bonds, and based on the molecular orbitals, transition state conformations were postulated. These transition states suggest how the observed stereoselectivity occurs. In each case, the carbohydrate/metal interaction was crucial in the dissociation processes.
Radical Prostatectomy: Anatomical Predictors of Success or Failure (1986)

A total of 143 patients underwent radical prostatectomy. Surgical specimens were evaluated with respect to local extent of disease, Gleason grade of the primary and relative nuclear roundness of the surgical specimen. The probability of disease control in the total population was 88 per cent at 5 years. Only 8 per cent of the patients who had disease confined to the specimen failed compared to 14 per cent of those who demonstrated extension outside of the surgical margins. The incidence of failure increased as a function of seminal vesicle involvement. Seminal vesicle involvement was greatest among patients with a Gleason grade greater than 7. Postoperative radiation did not offer any apparent advantage in patients with positive margins.
The shape dependence of core–shell and hollow titania nanoparticles on coating thickness during layer-by-layer and sol–gel synthesis (2006)

Titania core–shell and hollow nanoparticles with different aspect ratios were synthesized using layer-by-layer assembly and sol–gel nanocoating methods with cellulose nanowhiskers as the template. During growth of the coating layer, the shape of the nanoparticles did not maintain the shape of the high aspect ratio template, as previously assumed. The shape of the coated particles is a function of the coating thickness. It is suggested that the overall particle shape and aspect ratio of the nanoparticles are tunable by choosing an appropriate template and coating thickness in layer-by-layer or sol–gel templating synthesis. The nanorods and hollow titania particles synthesized by these methods were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction.
Chenodeoxycholic Acid-Amikacin Combination Enhances Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus (2023)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is spreading globally with increasing speed. The search for new antibiotics is one of the key strategies in the fight against MDR.
Screening for preclinical parenchymal lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis (2021)

We identified a high prevalence of undiagnosed preclinical parenchymal lung disease in RA driven primarily by isolated emphysema, suggesting that it may be a prevalent and previously unrecognized pulmonary manifestation of RA, even among never smokers. As clinical, laboratory and functional evaluations did not adequately identify preclinical parenchymal abnormalities, HRCT may be the most effective screening modality currently available for patients with RA.
Space-time slicer architectures for analog-to-information conversion in channel equalizers (2014)

As modern communication transceivers scale to multi-Gbps speeds, the power consumption and cost of highresolution, high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) become a crucial bottleneck in realizing “mostly digital” receiver architectures that leverage Moore's law. This bottleneck could potentially be alleviated by designing analog front ends for the more specific goal of analog-to-information conversion (i.e., preserving the digital information residing in the received signal). As one possible approach towards this goal, we consider a generalization of the standard flash ADC: instead of implementing n bit quantization of a sample by passing it through 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> -1 slicers as in a standard ADC, the slicers are dispersed in time as well as space (i.e., amplitude). Considering BPSK over a dispersive channel, we first show, using ideas similar to those underlying compressive sensing, that randomly dispersing enough one-bit slicers over space and time does provide information sufficient for reliable demodulation over a dispersive channel. We then propose an iterative algorithm for optimizing the design of the sampling times and amplitude thresholds, and provide numerical results showing that the number of slicers can be significantly reduced relative to a conventional flash ADC with comparable bit error rate (BER). These system-level results motivate further investigation, in terms of both circuit and system design, into looking beyond conventional ADC architectures when designing analog front-ends for high-speed communication.
Design for Searching & Finding (2015)

Modern user interfaces often contain a search or find components so the user can search for content in the context of the application. While there are common practices, what actually works best in these situations? What kinds of search tasks are the users actually trying to accomplish when they do a search? In this course, we'll review the search and findability issues that users confront in the course of their tasks, and ways in which information can be found. We'll also discuss the ways in which users seek information in social settings. You will learn several key design principles for creating your own search interfaces, as well as coming to understand what is driving people to search.
1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Organic Azides to Alkynes by a Dicopper-Substituted Silicotungstate (2008)

The dicopper-substituted gamma-Keggin silicotungstate TBA 4[gamma-H2SiW10O36Cu2(mu-1,1-N3)2] (I, TBA = tetra- n-butylammonium) could act as an efficient precatalyst for the regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of organic azides to alkynes. Various combinations of substrates (four azides and eight alkynes) were efficiently converted to the corresponding 1,2,3-triazole derivatives in excellent yields without any additives. The present system was applicable to a larger-scale cycloaddition of benzyl azide to phenylacetylene under solvent-free conditions (100 mmol scale) in which 21.5 g of the analytically pure corresponding triazole could be isolated. In this case, the turnover frequency and the turnover number reached up to 14,800 h(-1) and 91,500, respectively, and these values were the highest among those reported for the copper-mediated systems so far. In addition, I could be applied to the one-pot synthesis of 1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole from benzyl chloride, sodium azide, and phenylacetylene. The catalyst effect, kinetic, mechanistic, and computational studies show that the reduced dicopper core plays an important role in the present 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition.
The Correlation between Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Inflammatory Periodontitis Regarding Bone Loss in Experimental Models (2012)

We have invented a mouse model of periodontitis associated with alveolar bone loss induced by lipopolysaccharide. Ovariectomized (OVX) animals are widely used as a model for osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency. To define the relationship between periodontitis and osteoporosis, we examined the influence of estrogen deficiency on the mouse alveolar bone mass. In OVX mice, bone loss was detected not only in the femur, but also in the alveolar bone, indicating that estrogen deficiency could induce resorption in alveolar bone. In experiments using a combination of osteoporosis and periodontitis models, OVX significantly enhanced the alveolar bone loss in the model of periodontitis. Therefore, postmenopausal osteoporosis may enhance the risk of periodontitis associated with inflammatory alveolar bone resorption.
Discovery of Highly Potent and Selective CXCR4 Inhibitors Using Protein Epitope Mimetics (PEM) Technology (2007)

Novel, highly potent CXCR4 inhibitors with good pharmacokinetic properties were obtained by applying PEM technology starting from the naturally occurring ?-hairpin peptide polyphemusin II. The design involved incorporation of key residues from polyphemusin II into a macrocyclic template-bound ?-hairpin mimetic. Using a parallel synthesis approach, the potency and ADME properties of the mimetics were optimized, resulting in CXCR4 inhibitors such as POL2438 and POL3026. Their activities were confirmed in a series of in vitro HIV-1 infection assays. Besides high selectivity for CXCR4, POL3026 had excellent plasma stability and favorable pharmacokinetic properties in dogs. In a murine model POL3026 was highly efficacious in hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Hence, PEM-based CXCR4 inhibitors have the potential to become therapeutic agents for the treatment of HIV infections (as entry inhibitor), cancer (e.g. for inhibition of metastasis), stem cell transplant and inflammation.
Inhibition by heparin and derivatized dextrans of Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion to in vitro fibronectin-coated or explanted polymer surfaces (1999)

The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to recognize several extracellular matrix or plasma proteins (e.g., fibrinogen, fibronectin, and collagen) promotes bacterial attachment to artificial surfaces. Whereas most S. aureus clinical isolates elaborate a wide repertoire of bacterial surface receptors' called adhesins, exhibiting specific binding of individual host proteins, S. epidermidis is lacking most of such protein adhesins. To document the interactions between S. epidermidis and various surface-adsorbed proteins, we first compared promotion of bacterial attachment by seven purified human proteins immobilized onto poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) coverslips. Only two of them, namely fibronectin and fibrinogen, exhibited adhesion-promoting activities. In the presence of native heparin or two functionalized dextrans (CMDBS for Carboxy Methyl, Benzylamide sulfonate/sulfate), a dose-dependent inhibition of S. epidermidis adhesion to fibronectin-coated, but not to fibrinogen-coated surfaces was observed. The inhibitory effects of each CMDBS were much stronger than that of native heparin. In contrast, a control highly negatively charged, dextran exclusively substituted with carboxy methyl groups exerted no inhibition on S. epidermidis adhesion. To evaluate how CMDBS could interfere with S. epidermidis attachment to coverslips coated in vivo with extracellular matrix components, we also tested PMMA surfaces retrieved from tissue cages subcutaneously implanted in guinea pigs. Each CMDBS, but not heparin, strongly inhibited S. epidermidis adhesion to explanted coverslips, even in the presence of tissue cage fluid. In conclusion, fibronectin plays an important role in promoting S. epidermidis attachment to implanted biomaterials. Furthermore, S. epidermidis adhesion to fibronectin-coated or implanted biomaterials can be efficiently blocked in vitro by CMDBS.
Development of a 10,000 Locus Genetic Map of the Sunflower Genome Based on Multiple Crosses (2012)

Genetic linkage maps have the potential to facilitate the genetic dissection of complex traits and comparative analyses of genome structure, as well as molecular breeding efforts in species of agronomic importance. Until recently, the majority of such maps was based on relatively low-throughput marker technologies, which limited marker density across the genome. The availability of high-throughput genotyping technologies has, however, made possible the efficient development of high-density genetic maps. Here, we describe the analysis and integration of genotypic data from four sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) mapping populations to produce a consensus linkage map of the sunflower genome. Although the individual maps (which contained 3500-5500 loci each) were highly colinear, we observed localized variation in recombination rates in several genomic regions. We also observed several gaps up to 26 cM in length that completely lacked mappable markers in individual crosses, presumably due to regions of identity by descent in the mapping parents. Because these regions differed by cross, the consensus map of 10,080 loci contained no such gaps, clearly illustrating the value of simultaneously analyzing multiple mapping populations.
Defining the functional states of Th17 cells (2015)

The molecular mechanisms governing T helper (Th) cell differentiation and function have revealed a complex network of transcriptional and protein regulators. Cytokines not only initiate the differentiation of CD4 Th cells into subsets but also influence the identity, plasticity and effector function of a T cell. Of the subsets, Th17 cells, named for producing interleukin 17 (IL-17) as their signature cytokine, secrete a cohort of other cytokines, including IL-22, IL-21, IL-10, IL-9, IFNγ, and GM-CSF. In recent years, Th17 cells have emerged as key players in host defense against both extracellular pathogens and fungal infections, but they have also been implicated as one of the main drivers in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, likely mediated in part by the cytokines that they produce. Advances in high throughput genomic sequencing have revealed unexpected heterogeneity in Th17 cells and, as a consequence, may have tremendous impact on our understanding of their functional diversity. The assortment in gene expression may also identify different functional states of Th17 cells. This review aims to understand the interplay between the cytokine regulators that drive Th17 cell differentiation and functional states in Th17 cells.
Molecular epidemiology of canine histoplasmosis in Japan (2007)

A recent case of canine histoplasmosis, the first confirmed case of disseminated infection accompanied by carcinoma in Japan, was diagnosed by clinical characteristics, histopathological examination, chest radiographs, ocular fundoscopy and molecular biological data. The clinical manifestations were not limited to cutaneous symptoms but were referable to disseminated infection, similar to human autochthonous cases. The partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1/2) regions of the ribosomal DNA genes of this and other Japanese canine histoplasmosis strains were 99-100% identical to the sequence AB211551 derived from a human isolate in Thailand, and showed a close relationship to the sequences derived from Japanese autochthonous systemic and cutaneous human cases. The phylogenetic analysis of 97 sequences of the ITS1/2 region disclosed six genotypes. The genotypes derived from Japanese autochthonous human and dog cases belonged to the cluster consisting of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and H. capsulatum var. farciminosum sequences, indicating that these varieties might cause not only cutaneous but also systemic histoplasmosis, regardless of their host species. The current status of the 3 varieties of Histoplasma capsulatum according to the host species remains a subject of further investigation.
Instantaneous Specific Protection Method Against Faulty Synchronizations of Synchronous Machines (2021)

The probability of faulty synchronization of a generator is very small, but not impossible. The main cause of a faulty synchronization is due to wiring errors caused during maintenance or commissioning when voltage transformer and synchronizing equipment are connected or reconnected wrongly. Faulty synchronizations of synchronous generators cause overcurrent and high electromagnetic torque values that can severely damage, not only the generators their selves, but also prime movers and step-up transformers. Moreover, they produce disturbances on the power system such as power oscillations and voltage sags that can end up collapsing the system if it is not cleared quickly. Despite that, conventional synchronous generator protection systems have not a specific function against faulty synchronizations. This paper presents and analyzes a new and specific protection method against faulty synchronizations. The method is based on an instantaneous low setting overcurrent protection that is only activated during synchronizations. Once the synchronization ends, the protection gets disabled in order to allow the increase of the generator power output. Consequently, it minimizes the damages and the disturbance in the power system through rapid detection and tripping. The method has been successfully validated by computer simulations for a thermal power plant 362 MVA turbo-generator, and by experimental tests on a 5 kVA laboratory generation unit.
Reduction of interference from DGPS transmissions in the MF band using a GMSK modulation scheme (1994)

The accuracy of the Global Positioning System (GPS) can be improved by differential techniques. For maritime applications a DGPS service with transmissions by maritime radiobeacons in the MF band is provided. It offers a position accuracy of approximately 5 m. For the data link a minimum shift keying (MSK) modulation scheme has been recommended. The adjacent channel interference at the maximum transmission rate might not be consistent with existing frequency plans.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
3D Compression (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Basic Review of 2D Compression Coding and Scalability Basis Direct 3D Compression Compression Based on Approximation Normative Aspect: MPEG-4 Conclusion Summary Questions and Problems References
Designing Surface Chemistry of Silver Nanocrystals for Radio Frequency Circuit Applications (2018)

We introduce solution-based, room temperature- and atmospheric pressure-processed silver nanocrystal (Ag NC)-based electrical circuits and interconnects for radio frequency (RF)/microwave frequency applications. We chemically designed the surface and interface states of Ag NC thin films to achieve high stability, dc and ac conductivity, and minimized RF loss through stepwise ligand exchange, shell coating, and surface cleaning. The chemical and structural properties of the circuits and interconnects affect the high-frequency electrical performance of Ag NC thin films, as confirmed by high-frequency electromagnetic field simulations. An all solution-based process is developed to build coplanar structures, in which Ag NC thin films are positioned at both sides of the substrates. In addition, we fabricated flexible transmission lines and broadband electrical circuits for resistors, interdigitated capacitors, spiral and omega-shaped inductors, and patch antennas with maximum inductance and capacitance values of 3 nH and 2.5 pF at frequencies up to 20 GHz. We believe that our approach will lead to a cost-effective realization of RF circuits and devices in which sensing and wireless communication capabilities are combined for internet-of-things applications.
Concurrency: the Works of Leslie Lamport (2019)

This book is a celebration of Leslie Lamport's work on concurrency, interwoven in four-and-a-half decades of an evolving industry: from the introduction of the first personal computer to an era when parallel and distributed multiprocessors are abundant. His works lay formal foundations for concurrent computations executed by interconnected computers. Some of the algorithms have become standard engineering practice for fault tolerant distributed computing - distributed systems that continue to function correctly despite failures of individual components. He also developed a substantial body of work on the formal specification and verification of concurrent systems, and has contributed to the development of automated tools applying these methods. Part I consists of technical chapters of the book and a biography. The technical chapters of this book present a retrospective on Lamport's original ideas from experts in the field. Through this lens, it portrays their long-lasting impact. The chapters cover timeless notions Lamport introduced: the Bakery algorithm, atomic shared registers and sequential consistency; causality and logical time; Byzantine Agreement; state machine replication and Paxos; temporal logic of actions (TLA). The professional biography tells of Lamport's career, providing the context in which his work arose and broke new grounds, and discusses LaTeX - perhaps Lamport's most influential contribution outside the field of concurrency. This chapter gives a voice to the people behind the achievements, notably Lamport himself, and additionally the colleagues around him, who inspired, collaborated, and helped him drive worldwide impact. Part II consists of a selection of Leslie Lamport's most influential papers. This book touches on a lifetime of contributions by Leslie Lamport to the field of concurrency and on the extensive influence he had on people working in the field. It will be of value to historians of science, and to researchers and students who work in the area of concurrency and who are interested to read about the work of one of the most influential researchers in this field.
Structure solution with automated electron diffraction tomography data: different instrumental approaches (2011)

Over the past few years automated electron diffraction tomography has become an established technique for structure solution of nano-crystalline material. The intentional choice of an arbitrary tilt axis and thus, the use of nonoriented diffraction patterns (off-zone acquisition) together with fine equidistant sampling of the reciprocal space result in high quality intensity data sets. Coupling automated electron diffraction tomography with electron beam precession (Vincent & Midgley, 1994) enables sampling of intensities between the static slices of reciprocal space and therefore enhances the quality of intensity data further; relatively complex structures have been solved using 3D electron diffraction intensities extracted from automated electron diffraction tomography data. Automated electron diffraction tomography data was collected initially using a dedicated automated module. In this manuscript we demonstrate that electron diffraction data of comparable quality can be collected using manual technique that mimics the automated process. A rather difficult material, i.e. a low symmetric (triclinic) sodium tetratungstate (Na(2) W(4) O(13) ) including heavy and light scatterers, was selected for testing. In this paper we show, that all collected data sets - automatic and manual, with and without electron beam precession - were able to provide data slightly different but suitable for ab initio structure solution and refinement.