gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Daily Model Calibration with Water Loss Estimation and Localization Using Continuous Monitoring Data in Water Distribution Networks (2022)

Due to the increasing deployment of sensors in water distribution networks (WDNs) for continuous monitoring, hydrodynamic data are readily available for engineers to improve the daily operations of WDNs. In collaboration with Public Utility Board (PUB), Singapore’s National Water Agency, an alternative model calibration approach using continuously monitored data is proposed to facilitate PUB’s smart water grid (SWG). The generic approach was developed as an integrated solution methodology for practical engineers to conduct a series of systematic analyses daily, namely, (1) estimating the system’s daily nonrevenue water (NRW) volume and NRW time series; (2) adjusting the available pumps’ operational curves and control statuses, followed by calibrating the system’s net demand pattern to fulfill the flow balance accounting for the actual consumption; (3) identifying and rectifying possible offsets in the monitored pressure head values for each sensor station; (4) performing model calibration with anomaly localization analysis when the system’s total NRW volume exceeds its assumed background NRW volume; and (5) calibrating other physical properties to fulfill the system’s energy balance, especially for the peak demand hours. The effectiveness of our proposed approach was then tested and verified using a real-world WDN having total pipe length of >650 km with available monitoring data. Key findings from the case study analysis include (1) anomaly events localized including, but not limited to, five out of six reported leaks for the selected week to within 400 m with lead time of 1–2 days; (2) the system’s initial flow imbalance addressed by estimating the daily NRW volume and localizing the possible anomaly events; and (3) pipe roughness values calibrated to further improve the energy balance in the system, especially during the peak demand hours, by attaining an average mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) score of 2.5%.
GaAs junction field effect transitors for low-temperature environments (1978)

Thermal, electrical, and noise characteristics of a GaAs junction FET are described. Low voltage noise [1.5+/-0.2 nV/(Hz)(1/2) at T =4.2 K] and insensitivity to temperature change in the range 1.3< or =T < or =300 K make it suitable for low-temperature applications.
Laser Peening Systems for Preventive Maintenance Against Stress Corrosion Cracking in Nuclear Power Reactors (2008)

Laser peening introduces compressive residual stress on metal surface by irradiating laser pulses underwater without any surface preparations. The process utilizes the impulsive effect of high-pressure plasma generated through ablative interaction of each laser pulse with material. Laser peening systems, which deliver laser pulses with mirrors or through an optical fiber, were developed and have been applied to preventive maintenance against stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in nuclear power reactors since 1999. Each system was composed of laser oscillators, a beam delivery system, a laser irradiation head, remote handling equipment and a monitor/control system. Beam delivery with mirrors was accomplished through alignment/tracking functions with sufficient accuracy. Reliable fiber-delivery was attained by the development of a novel input coupling optics and an irradiation head with auto-focusing. At present, we are developing a newer concept and the prototype system has been just completed, which is extremely small, reliable and easy-handled.
Towards the Internet of Things: Integration of Web Services and Field Level Devices (2009)

Abstract. Handling the development and management of networked embedded systems becomes more and more complex with the increasing number and diversity of connected components. The challenges encoun-tered during application development can be mastered by applying a model driven development approach and the concepts of service oriented architectures (SOA). Both development strategies are well established in their domains and, in combination, provide an excellent base for the development of networked embedded systems. However embedded net-works nowadays seldom operate in isolation. The increasing interaction between embedded devices and Web based services, as envisioned by the Internet of Things, requires interfaces that provide Internet based access from and to services in the embedded network. We propose a de-velopment platform for embedded networks that eases the creation and maintenance of embedded networks and supports a seamless interaction between services from the embedded world and Web services through a bridge component. Despite creating a mere interface between the em-bedded world and Web services, this paper discusses how the embedded system can also be integrated semantically. 1
True Amplitude-Versus-Offset Green's Function Retrieval Using Augmented Marchenko Focusing (2019)

Summary The Marchenko focusing method enables the retrieval of Green&apos;s functions between virtual sources in the subsurface and receivers at the surface using surface reflection data and the direct arrival of the inverse transmission response of the overburden as input. The latter is the initial down-going focusing function and is conventionally approximated via modeling in an estimated smooth medium as the detailed velocity field is usually unknown. The characteristic of the focus and, hence, the radiation pattern of the virtual source is determined by the initial down-going focusing function. Approximating this input by the time reversed direct arrival modelled in a kinematically correct smooth medium results in dynamically erroneous redatumed Green&apos;s functions, with overall and angle-dependent amplitude errors. We show that, using an augmented Marchenko algorithm, we can accurately correct for the angle-dependent amplitude error in a laterally-invariant medium, yielding a true Green&apos;s function up to a single scale factor. Accurately retrieved Green&apos;s functions subsequently could open the way for target- oriented analysis methods, such as reflection full-waveform inversion with virtual sources.
Fundamental Concepts for Petri Net based Cognitive Radio Evaluation (2007)

This paper will give a detailed discussion about the authors view on Software Defined and Cognitive Radio. After an introduction on different aspects of software radio a novel approach on cognitive radio is presented. As proof of concept a software defined cognitive radio demonstrator termed Falcon was built up which is described afterwards. The Falcon is entirely based on a modular signal processing concept. In particular, the receiver deploys modules which process and generate log-likelihood ratio (LLR) signals, hence, providing the capability of a plug-and-play-type reconfigurability. To the best knowledge of the authors, such a reconfigurability approach has not yet been adopted as consequently as described in this contribution before.
The metabolic equivalent of task score (2022)

The MET is normally distributed in patients following hip arthroplasty, recording levels of activity which are undetectable using the OHS. Cite this article: <i>Bone Joint Res</i> 2022;11(5):317-326.
Applicability of ion mobility spectrometry for detection of quarantine pests in wood (2016)

Visual inspection is the most commonly used method for detecting quarantine pests in agricultural cargo items at ports. For example, solid wood packing material (SWPM) at ports may be a pathway for wood pests and is a frequent item of inspection at ports. The inspection process includes examination of the external surface of the item and often destructive sampling to detect internal pest targets. There are few tools available to inspectors to increase the efficiency of inspection and reduce the labor involved. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has promise as an aid for inspection. Because pests emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as hormone like substances, Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) was investigated for possible utility for detecting pests during inspection. SWPM is a major pest pathway in trade, and fumigation of many kinds of wood, including SWPM, with methyl bromide (MeBr) following a published schedule<sup>1</sup> is regularly conducted for phytosanitary reasons prior to shipment to the United States. However, the question remains as to how long the methyl bromide remains in the wood samples after fumigation such that it could act as an interferent to the detection of pest related VOC emissions. This work investigates the capability of ion mobility spectrometry to detect the presence of residual methyl bromide in fumigated maple and poplar wood samples at different times post fumigation up to 118 days after fumigation. Data show that MeBr can be detected in the less dense poplar wood up to 118 days after fumigation while MeBr can be detected in the denser maple wood 55 days after fumigation.
56-19: Mechanism and outcomes of catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia in adults with repaired congenital heart disease (2016)

Background and Objective: Repaired congenital heart disease (rCHD) is strongly associated with ventricular tachycardia (VT) as an important late cause of morbidity and mortality. Ventricular reentry most commonly includes anatomical isthmuses created during the repair procedures. Catheter ablation is commonly used to as standalone or adjunctive therapy, and this study analyzes the long-term outcomes in a cohort of these patients. Methods and Results: A retrospective analysis of 21 consecutive patients with rCHD (45.0 ± 3.0 years, 71.4% male) undergoing ablation for VT was performed. The primary composite outcome was defined as in-hospital arrhythmic death, out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death, or appropriate ICD therapy. At initial EP study, 14 patients (66.7%) had reentrant VT through an electroanatomical isthmus with the remaining 7 patients (33.3%) demonstrating focal VT. Isthmus-dependent reentry was identified as the mechanism for VT in 14 patients (66.7%); and conduction block was confirmed in 8 of these patients (57.1%). No patients with confirmed block developed VT recurrence. During long-term follow-up (33 ± 7 months), 20 of 21 (95.2%) patients had not reached the primary composite outcome. Three patients died of non-arrhythmic causes. These outcomes were contrasted with a sample of consecutive non-rCHD patients identifying a longer survival to primary outcome in those with rCHD (Logrank P = 0.0101) with no statistically significant difference in VT recurrence (Logrank P = 0.120). Conclusions: Catheter-based VT ablation in patients with rCHD is associated with a low rate of VT recurrence. Focal VT was not uncommon in this cohort. If a reentrant mechanism is present, confirmation of conduction block across the isthmus is vital to prevent recurrence.
Phase Separation Behavior of Fusidic Acid and Rifampicin in PLGA Microspheres (2012)

The purpose of this study was to characterize the phase separation behavior of fusidic acid (FA) and rifampicin (RIF) in poly(d,l-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) using a model microsphere formulation. To accomplish this, microspheres containing 20% FA with 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% RIF and 20% RIF with 30%, 20% 10%, 5%, and 0% FA were prepared by solvent evaporation. Drug-polymer and drug-drug compatibility and miscibility were characterized using laser confocal microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, XRPD, DSC, and real-time video recordings of single-microsphere formation. The encapsulation of FA and RIF alone, or in combination, results in a liquid-liquid phase separation of solvent-and-drug-rich microdomains that are excluded from the polymer bulk during microsphere hardening, resulting in amorphous spherical drug-rich domains within the polymer bulk and on the microsphere surface. FA and RIF phase separate from PLGA at relative droplet volumes of 0.311 ± 0.014 and 0.194 ± 0.000, respectively, predictive of the incompatibility of each drug and PLGA. When coloaded, FA and RIF phase separate in a single event at the relative droplet volume 0.251 ± 0.002, intermediate between each of the monoloaded formulations and dependent on the relative contribution of FA or RIF. The release of FA and RIF from phase-separated microspheres was characterized exclusively by a burst release and was dependent on the phase exclusion of surface drug-rich domains. Phase separation results in coalescence of drug-rich microdroplets and polymer phase exclusion, and it is dependent on the compatibility between FA and RIF and PLGA. FA and RIF are mutually miscible in all proportions as an amorphous glass, and they phase separate from the polymer as such. These drug-rich domains were excluded to the surface of the microspheres, and subsequent release of both drugs from the microspheres was rapid and reflected this surface location.
OS1605 Evaluation of Local Mechanical Properties of High Strength Steel by Indentation Method (2011)

High strength steels are used for various important components such as rolling bearings to ensure safety. Strength designs for these components require material properties at the local area. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the local mechanical properties of high strength steels by the dual indenter method. Non-dimensional Π function is developed for 118 degree trigonal pyramid indenter using finite-element method. Dual indenter method is conducted by indenters with 115 and 118 degrees for SUJ2 and SUJ3. The results reveal that good agreements are achieved between stress-strain curves of tensile test and those of the dual indenter method. The local mechanical properties are evaluated by the dual indenter method for induction-hardened and carburized components. There are some differences in stress-strain curves at the locations of the components by the influence of the heat treatments.
The light organ symbiont Vibrio fischeri possesses a homolog of the Vibrio cholerae transmembrane transcriptional activator ToxR (1994)

A cross-hybridizing DNA fragment to Vibrio cholerae toxR was cloned from the nonpathogenic light organ symbiont Vibrio fischeri, and three proteins homologous to V. cholerae ToxR, ToxS, and HtpG were deduced from its DNA sequence. V. fischeri ToxR was found to activate a V. cholerae ToxR-regulated promoter, and an antiserum raised against the amino-terminal domain of V. cholerae ToxR cross-reacts V. fischeri ToxR.
Skeletal Muscle IP3R1Receptors Amplify Physiological and Pathological Synaptic Calcium Signals (2011)

Ca(2+) release from internal stores is critical for mediating both normal and pathological intracellular Ca(2+) signaling. Recent studies suggest that the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP(3)) receptor mediates Ca(2+) release from internal stores upon cholinergic activation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in both physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we report that the type I IP(3) receptor (IP(3)R(1))-mediated Ca(2+) release plays a crucial role in synaptic gene expression, development, and neuromuscular transmission, as well as mediating degeneration during excessive cholinergic activation. We found that IP(3)R(1)-mediated Ca(2+) release plays a key role in early development of the NMJ, homeostatic regulation of neuromuscular transmission, and synaptic gene expression. Reducing IP(3)R(1)-mediated Ca(2+) release via siRNA knockdown or IP(3)R blockers in C2C12 cells decreased calpain activity and prevented agonist-induced acetylcholine receptor (AChR) cluster dispersal. In fully developed NMJ in adult muscle, IP(3)R(1) knockdown or blockade effectively increased synaptic strength at presynaptic and postsynaptic sites by increasing both quantal release and expression of AChR subunits and other NMJ-specific genes in a pattern resembling muscle denervation. Moreover, in two mouse models of cholinergic overactivity and NMJ Ca(2+) overload, anti-cholinesterase toxicity and the slow-channel myasthenic syndrome (SCS), IP(3)R(1) knockdown eliminated NMJ Ca(2+) overload, pathological activation of calpain and caspase proteases, and markers of DNA damage at subsynaptic nuclei, and improved both neuromuscular transmission and clinical measures of motor function. Thus, blockade or genetic silencing of muscle IP(3)R(1) may be an effective and well tolerated therapeutic strategy in SCS and other conditions of excitotoxicity or Ca(2+) overload.
A 10-channel Multiple Quantum Well Array Integrated with Selective Area Grown InGaAsP Layers on InP (2018)

We present a ten-channel selective area grown multiple quantum well array with a wavelength of 8 nm spacing which can offer the tailored bandgap to each channel for application of monolithically integrated multi-channel devices. Scanning electron microscope images and photoluminescence spectra of the selective area grown layers for all channels are examined and analysed experimentally. We find out that, as a function of opening width, the thickness of selective area grown layers is linearly changed and the photoluminescence peak wavelength of selective area grown multiple quantum well array is varied with a quadratic shape. As a result, it is confirmed that extremely uniform and stable selective area grown layers can be obtained at the opened area between the adjacent mask patterns without significant degradation in spectral quality.
Carburization of Fe-Ni-Cr alloys at high temperatures (2006)

A large number of radiant tubes belonging to an ethylene furnace of a petrochemical plant failed during service. All tubes exhibited severe carburisation, while some of them lost their structural integrity and sagged. The tube material was based on a Fe–Ni–Cr alloy system with three varying compositions. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to characterize the microstructure and elemental composition of the tube material. Microhardness was tested to determine their mechanical strength. Experimental results indicated that the sagged tubes exhibited a higher degree of carburisation as compared to other tubes. The microstructure of these tubes also revealed coarser Cr-carbide precipitation and a continuous carbide lattice at austenite grain boundaries. It was concluded that exposure to excessive temperature during service was responsible for the degradation of all tube materials. Based on the above results, it is recommended that better control of furnace temperature should be employed in order to avoid overheating during service.
Regional Heterogeneity and Diversity in Cytokine and Chemokine Production by Astroglia: Differential Responses to HIV-1 Tat, gp120, and Morphine Revealed by Multiplex Analysis (2010)

HIV-infected individuals who abuse opiates show a faster progression to AIDS and higher incidence of encephalitis. The HIV-1 proteins Tat and gp120 have been shown to cause neurodegenerative changes either in vitro or when injected or expressed in the CNS, and we have shown that opiate drugs can exacerbate neurotoxic effects in the striatum through direct actions on pharmacologically discrete subpopulations of mu-opioid receptor-expressing astroglia. Opiate coexposure also significantly enhances release of specific inflammatory mediators by astroglia from the striatum, and we theorize that astroglial reactivity may underlie aspects of HIV neuropathology. To determine whether astroglia from different regions of the central nervous system have distinct, intrinsic responses to HIV-1 proteins and opiates, we used multiplex suspension array analyses to define and compare the inflammatory signature of cytokines released by murine astrocytes grown from cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Results demonstrate significant regional differences in baseline secretion patterns, and in responses to viral proteins. Of importance for the disease process, astrocytes from all regions have very limited inflammatory response to gp120 protein, as compared to Tat protein, either in the presence or absence of morphine. Overall, the chemokine/cytokine release is higher from spinal cord and cortical astroglia than from cerebellar astroglia, paralleling the relatively low incidence of HIV-related neuropathology in the cerebellum.
Chronic rejection of rat aortic allograft: II. Administration of cyclosporin induces accelerated allograft arteriosclerosis (1991)

Abstract. Rat aortic allografts immunosuppressed with cyclosporin - but not with azathioprine or steroids - develop an early inflammatory lesion in the subendothelial space. This “endothelialitis” is followed by an influx of proliferating smooth muscle cells into the intima, resulting in intimal thickening and accelerated arteriosclerosis. Administration of azathioprine and steroids largely ameliorates the development of the accelerated lesion. Similar endothelialitis and accelerated arteriosclerosis have been observed previously in the autopsy material of cardiac transplant recipients. Our results confirm the suggestion that the development of accelerated allograft arteriosclerosis is most likely linked to cyclosporin administration.
Modulation of the unfolded protein response impedes tumor cell adaptation to proteotoxic stress: a PERK for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy (2014)

We provide the first evaluation of the UPR dynamics in a long-term cancer model and identified a small molecule inhibitor of Perk as a promising strategy for HCC therapy.
Quasi real time simulation of power electronic systems (1990)

A software-driven quasi-real-time simulator is presented for power electronic circuits and systems. The use of multiple digital signal processors (DSPs) allows simulations at near-real-time speeds for a wide variety of complex power electronic systems. Digital and analog interfaces with the outside world allow monitoring of the variables while the program is being executed. This interactive feature is especially helpful in complex simulations and in realizing a testbed for actual power electronic controllers. The use of parallel DSPs allows extremely high computation speed, and the use of a bus-based broadcasting technique trims communication overhead to insignificant levels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A New Spore Precipitator with Polarized Dielectric Insulators for Physical Control of Tomato Powdery Mildew (2006)

ABSTRACT In an attempt to physically protect greenhouse tomato plants from the powdery mildew fungus Oidium neolycopersici, we developed a new electrostatic spore precipitator in which a copper wire conductor is linked to an electrostatic generator and covered with a transparent acrylic cylinder (insulator). The conductor was negatively charged by the generator, and the electrostatic field created by the conductor was used to dielectrically polarize the insulator cylinder. The dielectrically polarized cylinder also produced an electrostatic force without a spark discharge. This force was directly proportional to the potential applied to the conductor and was used to attract conidia of the pathogen. The efficacy of this spore precipitator in protecting hydroponically cultured tomato plants from powdery mildew was evaluated in the greenhouse. The hydroponic culture troughs were covered with a cubic frame installed with the spore precipitator, and the disease progress on precipitator-guarded and unguarded seedlings was traced after the conidia were disseminated mechanically from inoculum on tomato plants. Seedlings in the guarded troughs remained uninfected during the entire experiment, in spite of rapid spread of the disease to all leaves of the unguarded seedlings.