gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
De novo mutations in childhood cases of sudden unexplained death that disrupt intracellular Ca 2+ regulation (2021)

Sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC) is an understudied problem. Whole-exome sequence data from 124 "trios" (decedent child, living parents) was used to test for excessive de novo mutations (DNMs) in genes involved in cardiac arrhythmias, epilepsy, and other disorders. Among decedents, nonsynonymous DNMs were enriched in genes associated with cardiac and seizure disorders relative to controls (odds ratio = 9.76, <i>P</i> = 2.15 × 10<sup>-4</sup>). We also found evidence for overtransmission of loss-of-function (LoF) or previously reported pathogenic variants in these same genes from heterozygous carrier parents (11 of 14 transmitted, <i>P</i> = 0.03). We identified a total of 11 SUDC proband genotypes (7 de novo, 1 transmitted parental mosaic, 2 transmitted parental heterozygous, and 1 compound heterozygous) as pathogenic and likely contributory to death, a genetic finding in 8.9% of our cohort. Two genes had recurrent missense DNMs, <i>RYR2</i> and <i>CACNA1C</i> Both <i>RYR2</i> mutations are pathogenic (<i>P</i> = 1.7 × 10<sup>-7</sup>) and were previously studied in mouse models. Both <i>CACNA1C</i> mutations lie within a 104-nt exon (<i>P</i> = 1.0 × 10<sup>-7</sup>) and result in slowed L-type calcium channel inactivation and lower current density. In total, six pathogenic DNMs can alter calcium-related regulation of cardiomyocyte and neuronal excitability at a submembrane junction, suggesting a pathway conferring susceptibility to sudden death. There was a trend for excess LoF mutations in LoF intolerant genes, where ≥1 nonhealthy sample in denovo-db has a similar variant (odds ratio = 6.73, <i>P</i> = 0.02); additional uncharacterized genetic causes of sudden death in children might be discovered with larger cohorts.
The Advanced Color Toner for the Fine Image Quality II (2005)

As color printer becomes to be widely used, demand for fine image quality is also increasing. Therefore, toner with small and narrow size distribution for high-resolution development and small adhesion force to photoconductor for faithful transfer is required.In this paper, design of pulverized toner with small and narrow particle size distribution for oil-less fusing system is reported. To pulverize toner to small size, the combination of fine wax dispersion and pre-condition method, or the pulverization in the existence of silica is important. This advanced pulverized toner using polyester resin also shows low-temperature fusing property, glossy image and fine durability. And an approach to the toner having small adhesion force to photoconductor is also reported. Both of control of the shape of toner and surface treatment by proper silica is effective.
.alpha.-Ethynyl and .alpha.-vinyl analogs of ornithine as enzyme-activated inhibitors of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase (1981)

alpha-Ethynyl- and alpha-vinylornithine were designed and synthesized as potential enzyme-activated inhibitors of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase. These two new inhibitors produce both immediate and time-dependent inhibition of rat liver ornithine decarboxylase in vitro. The inhibitions exhibition saturation kinetics. The apparent dissociation constants (KI) are 10 and 810 microM, and the times of half-inactivation at infinite concentration of inhibitor (t1/2) are 8.5 and 27 min, respectively, for alpha-ethynyl- and alpha-vinylornithine. In rats, alpha-ethynylornithine causes a rapid dose-dependent decrease of ornithine decarboxylase activity in prostate and, to a lesser extent, in thymus and testis.
Magnetic design of a three-phase Inductive Power Transfer system for roadway powered Electric Vehicles (2010)

Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) is a viable method for recharging and powering Electric Vehicles (EV) along a roadway since it is safe, efficient and convenient. This is however, a demanding application because power needs to be transferred over relatively large air gaps of 150-200 mm while allowing sufficient horizontal tolerance across the width of the lane, to enable an unguided vehicle to receive full power. The design of the power track is critical to large scale implementation, to ensure that losses and cost are minimised while maximising horizontal tolerance. The approach used in this paper overcomes the limitations of earlier track designs and allows designers to increase horizontal tolerance with minimal cost, enabling an EV roadway system to be considered in future. A 2.5 m long track is built for lab testing and compared to a 3D finite element model, after which, the design is refined via simulation to meet the tolerance and power requirements of an EV.
Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: A Multi-Sector Mode Enabling Highly Directional Full-Space Wireless Coverage (2022)

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has gained much traction due to its potential to manipulate the propagation environment via nearly-passive reconfigurable elements. In our previous work, we have analyzed and proposed a beyond diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) model, which is not limited to traditional diagonal phase shift matrices, to unify different RIS modes/architectures. In this paper, we create a new branch of BD-RIS supporting a multi-sector mode. A multi-sector BD-RIS is modeled as multiple antennas connected to a multi-port group-connected reconfigurable impedance network. More specifically, antennas are divided into $L$ ($L \ge 2$) sectors and arranged as a polygon prism with each sector covering $1/L$ space. Different from the recently introduced concept of intelligent omni-surface (or simultaneously transmitting and reflecting RIS), the multi-sector BD-RIS not only achieves a full-space coverage, but also has significant performance gains thanks to the highly directional beam of each sector.We derive the constraint of the multi-sector BD-RIS and the corresponding channel model taking into account the relationship between antenna beamwidth and gain. With the proposed model, we first derive the scaling law of the received signal power for a multi-sector BD-RIS-assisted single-user system. We then propose efficient beamforming design algorithms to maximize the sum-rate of the multi-sector BD-RIS-assisted multiuser system. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed design and demonstrate the performance enhancement of the proposed multi-sector BD-RIS.
Signal transduction of IL-13 and its role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma (2004)

Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a Th2-type cytokine, secreted from CD4(+) T cells, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. The human IL-13 gene locates at 5q31, generating a cluster with other Th2-type cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5. Although the homology between IL-13 and IL-4 at the amino acid level is only about 25%, the IL-13 structure determined by NMR is very similar to that of IL-4. Both cytokines share their receptors and signal pathways, giving these two cytokines similar biological properties. However, the important role of IL-13 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma has recently been recognized, based mainly on analyses of mouse models. IL-13 and its signal pathway are thought to be promising targets to develop a therapeutic reagent for bronchial asthma. In this article, we summarize the signal transduction pathway of IL-13, the pathological roles of IL-13 in bronchial asthma and the reagents to inhibit IL-13 signals that are now under development.
Simplified setup for high-resolution spectroscopy using ultrashort pulses (2003)

Using a broadband femtosecond laser and simple optics, we demonstrate narrow-bandwidth tunable selective vibrational excitation in liquids. The resolution obtained is 80 times higher than the laser bandwidth-the highest obtained from a femtosecond laser to date.
Glucocorticoid Binding in Mammary Tissue Slices of Cattle in Various Reproductive States (1976)

Unlabeled cortisol and dexamethasone reduced tritiated cortisol and tritiated dexamethasone binding to 700 X g supernatant and precipitate fractions of mammary tissue slices from virgin heifers and from multiparous cows that were 1-mo prepartum (nonlactating), lactating (non-pregnant), or dry (nonpregnant, nonlactating). Unlabeled progesterone, testosterone, and 17beta-estradiol had no effect on tritiated glucocorticoid binding in 700 X g supernatant and precipitate fractions from these mammary tissue slices. The 700 X g fractions in mammary tissue slices from all cattle bound cortisol and dexamethasone with high affinity (Kd 10-10M). There were 1263 and 1955 molecules of cortisol and dexamethasone bound per mammary cell, respectively, in mammary tissue slices from lactating non-pregnant cows; in comparison virgin heifers bound 413 and 651 molecules of cortisol and dexamethasone; dry, non-pregnant cows bound 336 and 536 molecules of cortisol and dexamethasone; and 1-mo prepartum nonlactating cows bound 532 molecules of cortisol. Mammary tissue slices from cattle in reproductive states examined contained a major non-specific component which bound cortisol in both 700 X g tissue fractions. Since mammary tissue slices from lactating cattle bound more molecules of glucocorticoids than mammary slices from cattle in other reproductive states, we speculate specific glucorticoid binding may be associated with lactation.
Hybrid Photonic Crystal Fiber Components and Amplifiers (2012)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text T. T. Alkeskjold, M. Laurila, K. R. Hansen, M. Jørgensen, S. Petersen, J. Lægsgaard, C. B. Olausson, and J. broeng, "Hybrid Photonic Crystal Fiber Components and Amplifiers," in Advanced Photonics Congress, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2012), paper SM3E.4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Effects of CeO2 incorporation on the performance of a Ta diffusion barrier for Al metallization (1999)

The effects of CeO2 incorporation on the performance of a Ta diffusion barrier in the Al/Si system were investigated in the temperature range of 450–550 °C. When Ta film was deposited without CeO2 incorporation, the reaction between Ta and Al occurred at 500 °C, leading to the formation of Al3Ta. In the case of CeO2-incorporated Ta barriers, however, the reaction between Ta and Al was suppressed up to 550 °C. The suppression of the reaction of Ta with Al was attributed to the strong chemical bonding of Ta–Ce–O or Ta–O and the amorphous-like microstructure of the CeO2-incorporated Ta barrier, followed by the reduction of the chemical driving force for the initial stage of Al3Ta formation.
Scattering mean free path in continuous complex media: Beyond the Helmholtz equation (2015)

We present theoretical calculations of the ensemble-averaged (or effective or coherent) wave field propagating in a heterogeneous medium considered as one realization of a random process. In the literature, it is usually assumed that heterogeneity can be accounted for by a random scalar function of the space coordinates, termed the potential. Physically, this amounts to replacing the constant wave speed in Helmholtz' equation by a space-dependent speed. In the case of acoustic waves, we show that this approach leads to incorrect results for the scattering mean free path, no matter how weak the fluctuations. The detailed calculation of the coherent wave field must take into account both a scalar and an operator part in the random potential. When both terms have identical amplitudes, the correct value for the scattering mean free paths is shown to be more than 4 times smaller (13/3, precisely) in the low-frequency limit, whatever the shape of the correlation function. Based on the diagrammatic approach of multiple scattering, theoretical results are obtained for the self-energy and mean free path within Bourret's and on-shell approximations. They are confirmed by numerical experiments.
Abstract 992: A switch in mechanism of action attenuates doxorubicin-mediated cardiotoxicity (2021)

Abstract Chemotherapy remains as the mainstay systemic therapy for triple negative breast cancer patients since targeted therapies are not suitable for this breast cancer subtype. Among the chemotherapies for triple negative breast cancer, doxorubicin is known to be effective but its use is hampered by a risk of developing doxorubicin-mediated cardiomyopathy. Doxorubicin causes cardiotoxicity primarily through topoisomerase-IIβ poisoning, resulting in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Notably, cardioprotection has been reported after combination treatment of doxorubicin with an acyloxyalkyl ester, AN-7 in an in vivo model. As an acyloxyalkyl ester, AN-7 also releases formaldehyde upon esterase hydrolysis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of cardioprotection conferred by the co-treatment of doxorubicin with formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs in BALB/c mice bearing mammary 4T1.2 tumours. Both experimental and clinically available formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs were investigated in this triple negative breast cancer model. Cardiac damage was induced with a single dose of doxorubicin at 16 mg/kg in mammary tumour-bearing mice. Combined treatment of doxorubicin and formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs significantly reduced γH2AX foci (a marker for topoisomerase-IIβ poisoning) and protected the heart from doxorubicin-induced myocardial apoptosis. To investigate if the combination treatments were cardioprotective due to alteration in doxorubicin biodistribution, the initial response to the first dose of doxorubicin was investigated by treating tumour-bearing mice with 4 mg/kg 14C-doxorubicin. Addition of formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs enhanced formation of formaldehyde-mediated doxorubicin-DNA adducts in the hearts, independent of doxorubicin biodistribution in the heart, blood and tumours. This doxorubicin-DNA adduct forming treatment was associated with a novel cardiac transcriptomic profile as compared to doxorubicin single agent treatment, as assessed by RNA-sequencing. These combination treatments also maintained doxorubicin antitumour efficacy with respect to inducing dsDNA breaks, promoting apoptosis and inhibiting mammary tumour proliferation. The switch in doxorubicin action from cardiac topoisomerase-IIβ poisoning to doxorubicin-DNA adduct formation protects the heart from doxorubicin-mediated cardiac damage. Hence, the combination treatment of doxorubicin and formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs may be a promising cardioprotective therapy that does not compromise doxorubicin activity against mammary tumours. Citation Format: Alison Cheong, Sean McGrath, Tina Robinson, Ruqaya Maliki, Alex Spurling, Ada Rephaeli, Abraham Nudelman, Don R. Phillips, Belinda S. Parker, Salvatore Pepe, Suzanne M. Cutts. A switch in mechanism of action attenuates doxorubicin-mediated cardiotoxicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 992.
Wavelength-switchable fiber grating laser with wavelength stabilization (2006)

We demonstrate the feasibility of a wavelength-switchable fiber-Bragg-grating external-cavity semiconductor laser source for direct modulation with active wavelength stabilization. The laser device works with two selectable wavelengths, can be directly modulated at 2.5 Gbit/s, and shows wavelength stability down to ±14 pm.
Passive Implementation of Factor Diversification Strategies (2013)

Benefiting from low or negative active-return correlations across factors, factor diversification strategies deliver superior risk-adjusted performance compared to individual component factors, as well as other strategies with concentrated factor exposures, while considerably mitigating market underperformance risk. We discuss the passive implementation of two diversification strategies: 1) a momentum and value diversification strategy, and 2) a volatility, momentum, and value diversification strategy. We show that a capitalization-weighted, high-capacity implementation produces higher after-cost Sharpe ratios than the market and information ratios that approach 0.40. A high-efficiency implementation also realizes higher after-cost Sharpe ratios than the market and yields information ratios that approach 0.70. The passive implementation of factor diversification strategies represents an opportunity for investors to realize significant value added in the equity portfolio in a transparent and cost-effective fashion. <b>TOPICS:</b>Factor-based models, VAR and use of alternative risk measures of trading risk, passive strategies
Nuclear-magnetic-double-resonance investigation of the dopant microstructure in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (1988)

Information on the local environment of dopants in compensated and singly doped amorphous Si has been obtained using NMR spin-echo double-resonance spectroscopy, a technique that is very sensitive to interatomic distance. It is found that there is a nonrandom local configuration around the dopants in these materials. In the compensated samples, almost half of the boron atoms have a phosphorus atom in the first-neighbor shell. This is higher than the value for a random distribution and indicates that there is significant clustering of the dopants in compensated material. In addition, the hydrogen atom is not directly bonded to either of these dopants. For the singly doped materials, the H-dopant structure is similar to that of the compensated samples for the P-doped samples but different for the B-doped material. For these, almost half of the B atoms have a hydrogen atom in the first-neighbor shell. This is to be contrasted with the P-doped samples where the H atoms are in second- or further-neighbor shells. Aspects of this local structure of P and B in hydrogenated amorphous Si are similar to those proposed for the dopant-H structures in hydrogen-passivated crystalline Si.
Gene Expression Profiling Of Buccal Epithelium Among Nonsmoking Women Exposed To Household Air Pollution From Smoky Coal (2015)

Introduction: Lung cancer rates in Xuanwei County have been among the highest in China for both males and females and have been causally associated with exposure to indoor smoky (bituminous) coal emissions. Inflammation has been linked to the etiology of lung cancer. Objective: To understand the physiologic effects of smoky coal exposure. Methods: We examined the global gene-expression profiles in buccal epithelial cells from residents exposed to solid fuels. Results: We identified a distinct gene expression pattern, with enrichment of a number of pro-inflammatory genes in the oral cells of non-smoking women exposed to smoky vs. smokeless (anthracite) coal. The gene expression signature was correlated with carcinogenic PAHs, but not with non- carcinogenic PAHs and PM2.5. Conclusions: Our findings provide biological insight into potential pathways associated with the elevated lung cancer risk observed in those exposed to smoky coal combustion.
Investigating collaborative mobile search behaviors (2013)

People use mobile devices to search, locate and discover local information around them. Mobile local search is frequently a social activity. This paper presents the results of a survey and an exploratory user study of collaborative mobile local search. The survey results show that people frequently search with others and that these searches often involve the use of more than one mobile device. We prototyped a collaborative mobile search app, which we used as a tool to investigate users' collaborative mobile search behavior. Our study results provide insights into how users collaborate while performing search. We also provide design considerations to inform future mobile local search technologies.
The cytotoxicity of gallium maltolate in glioblastoma cells is enhanced by metformin through combined action on mitochondrial complex 1 (2020)

New drugs are needed for glioblastoma, an aggressive brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. We recently reported that gallium maltolate (GaM) retards the growth of glioblastoma in a rat orthotopic brain tumor model by inhibiting mitochondrial function and iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase (RR). However, GaM's mechanism of action at the mitochondrial level is not known. Given the interaction between gallium and iron metabolism, we hypothesized that gallium might target iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster-containing mitochondrial proteins. Using Extracellular Flux Analyzer technology, we confirmed that after a 24-h incubation, GaM 50 μmol/L inhibited glioblastoma cell growth by <10% but inhibited cellular oxygen consumption rate by 44% and abrogated mitochondrial reserve capacity. GaM blocked mitochondrial complex I activity and produced a 2.9-fold increase in cellular ROS. NMR spectroscopy revealed that gallium binds to IscU, the bacterial scaffold protein for Fe-S cluster assembly and stabilizes its folded state. Gallium inhibited the rate of <i>in vitro</i> cluster assembly catalyzed by bacterial cysteine desulfurase in a reaction mixture containing IscU, Fe (II), DTT, and L-cysteine. Metformin, a complex I inhibitor, enhanced GaM's inhibition of complex I, further increased cellular ROS levels, and synergistically enhanced GaM's cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cells in 2-D and 3-D cultures. Metformin did not affect GaM action on cellular iron uptake or transferrin receptor1 expression nor did it enhance the cytotoxicity of the RR inhibitor Didox. Our results show that GaM inhibits complex I by disrupting iron-sulfur cluster assembly and that its cytotoxicity can be synergistically enhanced by metformin through combined action on complex I.
Analog Resistance Switching in Single Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticle Devices (2022)

Analog resistance switching in single tungsten oxide (WOx) nanoplatelets (NPs) with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\sim 100\ \text{nm}$</tex> edge length sandwiched in-between a tungsten (W) and a palladium (Pd) electrode is reported. The top contact, individually aligned to each NP, was fabricated using a combination of tailored planarization techniques, nanolithography and sputter deposition. Electrical characterization revealed pronounced analog resistive switching behavior of this material composition, with gradually increasing or decreasing maximum currents for a sequence of positive or negative voltage sweeps, respectively. The switching can be assigned to a formed oxygen vacancy path in the WOx layer. Chemically synthesized NPs with analog switching behavior are promising nanoscale building blocks for the bottom-up formation of 3D memristive structures, which may eventually self-assemble into complex neuromorphic computing circuitry.
Photocatalytic hydrogen generation using a protein-coated photosensitizer with anionic patches and a monocationic electron mediator (2008)

A reconstituted myoglobin with a synthetic cofactor having anionic binding sites effectively works as a photocatalyst for hydrogen generation in the presence of monomethylated bipyridinium.