gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controversies in management of the bladder cuff at nephroureterectomy (2020)

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) accounts for roughly 5% of urothelial carcinomas. Historically, the gold standard for high-risk or bulky low-risk UTUC was an open radical nephroureterectomy with formal bladder cuff excision (BCE). The development of novel endoscopic, laparoscopic, and robotic techniques has transformed this operation, yet no level I evidence exists at present that demonstrates the superiority of one strategy over another. While new approaches to nephroureterectomy in the last decade have shifted the management paradigm to decrease the morbidity of surgery, controversy continues to surround the approach to the distal ureter and bladder cuff. Debate continues within the urologic community over which surgical approach is best when managing UTUC and how various approaches impact clinical outcomes such as intravesical recurrence, recurrence-free survival (RFS) and disease-specific mortality (DSM). When focusing on the existing treatment algorithm, key metrics of quality include (I) removal of the entire specimen <i>en bloc</i>, (II) minimizing the risk of tumor and urine spillage, (III) R0 resection, and (IV) water-tight closure allowing for early use of prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy. In the absence of robust evidence demonstrating a single superior approach, the urologic surgeon should base decisions on technical comfort and each patient's particular clinical circumstance.
Multimodal spectroscopy detects features of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque (2011)

Early detection and treatment of rupture-prone vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is critical to reducing patient mortality associated with cardiovascular disease. The combination of reflectance, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy-termed multimodal spectroscopy (MMS)-provides detailed biochemical information about tissue and can detect vulnerable plaque features: thin fibrous cap (TFC), necrotic core (NC), superficial foam cells (SFC), and thrombus. Ex vivo MMS spectra are collected from 12 patients that underwent carotid endarterectomy or femoral bypass surgery. Data are collected by means of a unitary MMS optical fiber probe and a portable clinical instrument. Blinded histopathological analysis is used to assess the vulnerability of each spectrally evaluated artery lesion. Modeling of the ex vivo MMS spectra produce objective parameters that correlate with the presence of vulnerable plaque features: TFC with fluorescence parameters indicative of collagen presence; NC∕SFC with a combination of diffuse reflectance β-carotene∕ceroid absorption and the Raman spectral signature of lipids; and thrombus with its Raman signature. Using these parameters, suspected vulnerable plaques can be detected with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 72%. These encouraging results warrant the continued development of MMS as a catheter-based clinical diagnostic technique for early detection of vulnerable plaques.
Evolution of a Java just-in-time compiler for IA-32 platforms (2004)

Java™ has gained widespread popularity in the industry, and an efficient Java virtual machine (JVM™) and just-in-time (JIT) compiler are crucial in providing high performance for Java applications. This paper describes the design and implementation of our JIT compiler for IA-32 platforms by focusing on the recent advances achieved in the past several years. We first present the dynamic optimization framework, which focuses the expensive optimization efforts only on performance-critical methods, thus helping to manage the total compilation overhead. We then describe the platform-independent features, which include the conversion from the stack-semantic Java bytecode into our register-based intermediate representation (IR) and a variety of aggressive optimizations applied to the IR. We also present some techniques specific to the IA-32 used to improve code quality, especially for the efficient use of the small number of registers on that platform. Using several industry-standard benchmark programs, the experimental results show that our approach offers high performance with low compilation overhead. Most of the techniques presented here are included in the IBM JIT compiler product, integrated into the IBM Development Kit for Microsoft Windows®, Java Technology Edition Version 1.4.0.
A comparative study of two Boolean formulations of FPGA detailed routing constraints (2001)

A Boolean-based router expresses the routing constraints as a Bool?ean function which is satisfiable if and only if the layout is routable. Compared to traditional routers, Boolean-based routers offer two unique features: (1) simultaneous embedding of all nets regardless of net ordering, and (2) ability to demonstrate routing infeasibility by proving the unsatisfiability of the generated routing constraint Boolean function. In this paper, we introduce a new Boolean-based FPGA detailed routing formulation that yields an easy-to-evaluate and more scalable routability Boolean function than the previous methods. The routability constraints are expressed in terms of a set of route variables each of which designating a specific detailed route for a given net. Experimental results clearly show the superi?ority of this formulation over an earlier formulation that expressed the constraints in terms of track variables.
Readout-signal amplification by homodyne detection scheme (2007)

Optical signal amplification by a homodyne detection scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. We estimated that this scheme improved the signal-to-noise ratio of an 8-layer 3x read-speed Blu-ray Disc (BD) by more than 20 dB.
Diagnose der primären Hämochromatose* (2008)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Severe encephalitis resulting from coinfections with HIV and JC virus (1990)

We observed 3 cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) among frozen CNS samples obtained at autopsy from 102 adult AIDS patients. In 2 patients, PML was associated with severe HIV encephalitis. In those 2 cases, the areas of extensive JC-induced demyelination were massively infiltrated by HIV infected macrophages/microglial cells with evidence for localized increase of HIV encephalitis in PML lesions. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that each virus infects, in a latent or productive fashion, different CNS cell populations. Therefore, the extension of HIV encephalitis could not be related to an intracellular transactivation of 1 virus by the other. However, the results are consistent with dissemination of viral infection by the recruitment of HIV-infected macrophages to damaged areas of the brain. This phenomenon might be generalized to other pathogens that are frequently associated with HIV CNS infection. Early detection and treatment of opportunistic CNS lesions could be important to prevent extension of HIV encephalitis.
Real-time optimization of Viola -Jones face detection for mobile platforms (2008)

Face detection algorithms based on the Viola-Jones object detection approach is widely adopted in digital camera products. Due to the computational complexity of these algorithms, often a hardware coprocessor is used for their real-time operation. This paper discusses how to achieve real-time software-based implementation of these algorithms on mobile devices that have relatively limited processing and memory capabilities. Various optimization techniques are discussed and an example implementation outcome on an actual mobile platform is presented.
A BB84 free space quantum key distribution link implemented with modulating retro-reflectors (2018)

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can be used to produce a cryptographic key whose security is unconditionally guaranteed by quantum mechanics. The range of fiber-based QKD links is limited, by loss, to a few hundred kilometers, and cannot be used between mobile platforms. Free space QKD can, in principle, overcome these limitations. In practice, very narrow beam divergences must be used, requiring highly accurate pointing of the transmitting terminal to the receiver. This makes deployment very difficult. Here we describe an entirely new type of free space QKD link, using modulating retro-reflectors (MRR). The MRR-QKD link eases the pointing requirements A laboratory-based BB84 QKD link using multiple quantum well MRRs is demonstrated, and link budgets for possible applications are discussed.
Initial Flight Results from the PharmaSat Biological Microsatellite Mission (2009)

The mission of the PharmaSat biological microsatellite is to investigate the efficacy of anti-fungal agents in the spaceflight environment. The satellite uses autonomous, in situ bio-analytical and sample management technologies in order to culture and characterize the growth of multiple samples of yeast, which are exposed to differing levels of an anti-fungal agent during their growth cycle. The satellite uses a 10 cm x 10 cm x 30 cm Cubesat-class structure with body-mounted solar panels, an ISM-band transceiver, and a simple PIC-class microcontroller for the main flight computer. PharmaSat was launched on May 19 , 2009 from Wallops Flight Facility as a secondary payload on a Minotaur launch vehicle. During the first week of operation, the primary biological experiment was conducted, and data from this experiment was downloaded thereby achieving mission success. The PharmaSat design and mission control architecture inherits many features and design strategies from the GeneSat-1 mission, which was previously developed by the same design group at NASA Ames Research Center and Santa Clara University. This paper presents the PharmaSat mission, the design of its spacecraft and ground segment, and initial flight results.
Aerial plane inspection for advanced photomask defect detection (2009)

A new methodology - Aerial Plane Inspection (API) - has been developed to inspect advanced photomasks used for the 45 nm node and beyond. Utilizing images from a high resolution mask inspection system, a mask image is recovered by combining the transmitted and reflected images. A software transformation is then performed to replicate the aerial image planes produced in a photolithography exposure system. These aerial images are used to compare adjacent die in a Die-Die inspection mode in order to find critical defects on the photomask. The mask recovery process and modeling of the aerial plane image allows flexibility to simulate a wide range of lithographic exposure systems, including immersion lithography. Any source shape, Sigma, and numerical aperture (NA) can be used at all common lithographic wavelengths. Sensitivity of the inspection can be fully adjusted to match photomask specifications for CD control, lineend shortening, OPC features, and for small and large defective areas. An additional adaptive sensitivity option can be utilized to automatically adjust sensitivity as a function of MEEF. Using the Aerial Plane Inspection to compare pattern images has the benefit of filtering out non-printing defects, while detecting very small printing defects. In addition, defects that are not printing at ideal exposure condition, but may be reducing the lithographic process window, can also be detected. Performing defect detection at the aerial image plane is more tolerant to small Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) sub-resolution assist features (SRAFs) that are difficult to inspect at the reticle image plane.
Tip-Enhanced Fluorescence Microscopy at 10 Nanometer Resolution (2004)

We demonstrate unambiguously that the field enhancement near the apex of a laser-illuminated silicon tip decays according to a power law that is moderated by a single parameter characterizing the tip sharpness. Oscillating the probe in intermittent contact with a semiconductor nanocrystal strongly modulates the fluorescence excitation rate, providing robust optical contrast and enabling excellent background rejection. Laterally encoded demodulation yields images with <10 nm spatial resolution, consistent with independent measurements of tip sharpness.
Photoporation with Biodegradable Polydopamine Nanosensitizers Enables Safe and Efficient Delivery of mRNA in Human T Cells (2021)

Abstract Safe and efficient production of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cells is of crucial importance for cell‐based cancer immunotherapy. Physical transfection methods have quickly gained in importance in the context of transfecting T‐cells, since they are readily compatible with different cell types and a broad variety of cargo molecules. In particular, nanoparticle‐sensitized photoporation has been introduced in recent years as a gentle yet efficient method to transiently permeabilize cells, allowing subsequent entry of external cargo molecules into the cells. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used the most as photothermal sensitizers because they can easily form laser‐induced vapor nanobubbles, a photothermal phenomenon that is shown to be particularly efficient for permeabilizing cells. However, as AuNPs are not biodegradable, clinical translation is hampered. Here, for the first time, the possibility to form laser‐induced vapor nanobubbles from biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles is reported. Compared to electroporation, the most used physical transfection method for T cells, 2.5 times more living mRNA transfected human T cells are obtained via photoporation sensitized by polydopamine nanoparticles. This shows that photoporation is a viable approach for efficiently producing therapeutic engineered T‐cells at a throughput easily exceeding 10 5 cells per second.
Coseismic slip model of the 2007 August Pisco earthquake (Peru) as constrained by Wide Swath radar observations (2008)

The Pisco earthquake (M w 8.0; 2007 August 15) occurred offshore of Peru's southern coast at the subduction interface between the Nazca and South American plates. It ruptured a previously identified seismic gap along the Peruvian margin. We use Wide Swath InSAR observations acquired by the Envisat satellite in descending and ascending orbits to constrain coseismic slip distribution of this subduction earthquake. The data show movement of the coastal regions by as much as 85 cm in the line-of-sight of the satellite. Distributed-slip model indicates that the coseismic slip reaches values of about 5.5 m at a depth of 18-20 km. The slip is confined to less than 40 km depth, with most of the moment release located on the shallow parts of the interface above 30 km depth. The region with maximum coseismic slip in the InSAR model is located offshore, close to the seismic moment centroid location. The geodetic estimate of seismic moment is 1.23 10 21 Nm (M w 8.06), consistent with seismic estimates. The slip model inferred from the InSAR observations suggests that the Pisco earthquake ruptured only a portion of the seismic gap zone in Peru between 13.5 S and 14.5 S, hence there is still a significant seismic gap to the south of the 2007 event that has not experienced a large earthquake since at least 1687.
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/SPEC international conference on Performance engineering (2014)

We are delighted to bring you an outstanding technical program to 2013 International Conference on Performance Engineering -- ICPE'13 in Prague. The main Research track for the conference attracted 42 submissions. Thanks to the diligent efforts of the members of the Program Committee each paper received a minimum of four reviews. After extensive deliberation the Program Committee decided to accept 20 submissions as regular papers and two as short papers.

The Industry and Experience track focuses on the application of research results to industrial performance engineering problems and addresses in particular innovative implementations, the novel application of performance-related technologies and the reporting of insightful performance results. This track received 22 submissions of which 8 were selected for presentation at the conference.

The papers accepted to the Research track and to the Industry and Experience track cover several topics such as software development and various flavors of modeling, including performance, survivability and scalability modeling. The development of representative workloads and benchmarks is also well represented. There are then a number of papers that focus on performance aspects of cloud-related systems and more general aspects of scheduling and load balancing.

The Vision/Work-in-Progress track is a feature of ICPE that allows researchers to present and discuss ideas that they are still working on or that they are planning to work on in the near future. It is a great forum for learning about the direction of research in the area. This year we received 18 submissions to this track and were able to accommodate 10 short presentations in the conference program. The topics covered by this track are similar to those in the main Research track, which suggests that they are likely to feature again at ICPE in the near future.

In summary, there were 81 submissions in total across the three tracks, of which 38 were selected for presentation. We are now looking forward to several days of great presentations and stimulating discussions at ICPE 2013 in beautiful Prague. It has been a privilege and a pleasure forus to be involved.
Search for a heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a W boson at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV in the fully hadronic final state (2021)

A bstract A search for a heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a W boson in the fully hadronic final state is presented. The analysis is performed using data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb − 1 recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is focused on heavy resonances, where the decay products of each top quark or W boson are expected to be reconstructed as a single, large-radius jet with a distinct substructure. The production of an excited bottom quark, b * , is used as a benchmark when setting limits on the cross section for a heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a W boson. The hypotheses of b * quarks with left-handed, right-handed, and vector-like chiralities are excluded at 95% confidence level for masses below 2.6, 2.8, and 3.1 TeV, respectively. These are the most stringent limits on the b * quark mass to date, extending the previous best limits by almost a factor of two.
Stacked Planar Solid Immersion Mirror (2006)

A folded solid immersion mirror for heat assisted magnetic recording was designed. The key components were fabricated and tested. By separating the incident light and reflected light with a directional coupler, high numerical aperture focusing can be achieved with small side lobes and high energy efficiency.
Real Life LTE In-Building Deployment Demonstrating Multi-Cell Capacity (2016)

In Building Solutions (IBS) are a well-established approach to providing indoor cellular coverage. The increasing wireless mobile broadband traffic and the fact that most broadband data is consumed indoors increases the interest to understand the IBS capacity potential. For a given available spectrum, a straightforward capacity solution is cell-splitting. In this paper, measurement results from a full-scale real life deployment with a Long Term Evolution (LTE) IBS solution are presented. Two cell-splitting scenarios in a three floor, 7500 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> office building have been tested, both by collecting traffic and radio statistics from actual users, as well as performing controlled walk-tests in the building. It is found that cell splitting is an excellent way to enable increased indoor capacity. The isolation between floors as well as within a floor is higher than in a typical macro scenario. High throughput and fraction of spatial multiplexing is maintained even with artificially generated 100% activity. The capacity is assessed to around 2 kbps/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /MHz with a 6 cell solution.
A vertical high voltage termination structure for high-resistivity silicon detectors (1998)

A new high voltage diode termination structure has been developed for the backside junction of silicon detectors which require double-sided processing. The new structure consists of a deep vertical etch through the diode at the edge of the detector. It requires only one mask, and is extremely robust to scratches or other mechanical damage. The vertical termination has been successfully applied to an integrated pixel detector, where it increased yield. It has also been applied to an 8mm diameter cylindrical drift detector.
Metabolomics analyses identify platelet activating factors and heme breakdown products as Lassa fever biomarkers (2017)

Lassa fever afflicts tens of thousands of people in West Africa annually. The rapid progression of patients from febrile illness to fulminant syndrome and death provides incentive for development of clinical prognostic markers that can guide case management. The small molecule profile of serum from febrile patients triaged to the Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Ward at Kenema Government Hospital in Sierra Leone was assessed using untargeted Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Physiological dysregulation resulting from Lassa virus (LASV) infection occurs at the small molecule level. Effects of LASV infection on pathways mediating blood coagulation, and lipid, amino acid, nucleic acid metabolism are manifest in changes in the levels of numerous metabolites in the circulation. Several compounds, including platelet activating factor (PAF), PAF-like molecules and products of heme breakdown emerged as candidates that may prove useful in diagnostic assays to inform better care of Lassa fever patients.
Update on the molecular biology of malignant mesothelioma (2007)

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive tumor with a very poor prognosis. The disease is largely unresponsive to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and most patients die within 10-17 months of the first symptoms. Novel, more effective therapeutic strategies are needed for this inexorably fatal disease. Improvement in our understanding of the molecular biology of MM has identified promising new candidates for targeted treatments. In this review the key molecular signaling pathways, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), Wnt, and the cell cycle control genes p53, pRb, and bcl-2 that appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of MM are explored.
The versatile enzyme Araf51 allowed efficient synthesis of rare pathogen-related β-d-galactofuranosyl-pyranoside disaccharides (2014)

The preparation of galactofuranosyl-containing disaccharidic parts of natural glycoconjugates was performed according to a chemo-enzymatic synthesis. Our goals were firstly to develop an alternative approach to standard chemical strategies by limiting the number of reaction and purification steps, and secondly to evaluate the scope of the Araf51 biocatalyst to transfer a galactofuranosyl moiety to a set of pyranosidic acceptors differing from each other by the series, the anomeric configuration as well as the conformation. The study of binding mode of the resulting disaccharides was also performed by molecular modeling and showed significant differences between (1→2)- and (1→6)-linked disaccharides.
Abnormal phenomena caused by synchronous rectifiers in parallel-module DC-DC converter system (2002)

Problems of synchronous rectification in a parallel-module DC-DC power converter system are described. Excessive current and abnormal oscillation occur in the parallel system due to the inherent capabilities of the synchronous rectifier (such as bidirectional power flow and the cross-coupled topology of MOSFETs). The abnormal oscillation, which causes an excessive voltage stress, is analyzed and confirmed by experiments.