gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conceptual design for a prototype fuel element size-reduction system designated uniframe. Design status report (1975)

The development of a prototypical fuel element crushing system is described. The entire pilot plant process consists of crushing the fuel elements to a size suitable for burning in a fluidized bed to remove excess graphite; separating, crushing, and re-burning the fissile and fertile particles to remove the majority of the remaining graphite; dissolution and separation of the particles from insoluble materials; and solvent extraction separation of the uranium and thorium. The crushing of the fuel elements is accomplished via a three-stage crushing system consisting of two overhead eccentric jaw crushers, a double-roll crusher, and an oversize reduction system to ensure the complete reduction to the desired size. The crushing system is mounted in a special framework which replaces the standard machine frames to utilize gravity flow, eliminate material transport systems, and minimize material hold-up. The entire system has been designated UNIFRAME because of the integrated nature of all the equipment in this special design. The present status of the UNIFRAME design is described along with its operating and maintenance conditions. The cost and time schedules for a former plan and for a proposed expanded plan to complete the development of the concept is also described. (auth)
Dopant‐Dependent Increase in Seebeck Coefficient and Electrical Conductivity in Blended Polymers with Offset Carrier Energies (2019)

Abstract The strong and counterproductive interrelationship of thermoelectric parameters remains a bottleneck to improving thermoelectric performance, especially in polymer‐based materials. In this paper, a compositional range is investigated over which there is decoupling of the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, achieving increases in at least one of these two parameters while the other is maintained or slightly increased as well. This is done using an alkylthio‐substituted polythiophene (PQTS12) as additive in poly(bisdodecylquaterthiophene) (PQT12) with tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) and nitrosyl tetrafluoroborate (NOBF4) as dopants. The power factor increases two orders of magnitude with the PQTS12 additive at constant doping level. Using a second pair of polymers, poly(2,5‐bis(3‐dodecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (PBTTTC12) and poly(2,5‐bis(3‐dodecylthiothiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene, (PBTTTSC12), with higher mobilities, decoupling of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity is also observed and higher power factor is achieved. Distinguished from recently reported works, these two sets of polymers possess very closely offset carrier energy levels (0.05–0.07 eV), and the microstructure, assessed using grazing incidence X‐ray scattering, and mobility evaluated in field‐effect transistors, are not adversely affected by the blending. Experiments, calculations, and simulations are consistent with the idea that blending and doping polymers with closely spaced energy levels and compatible morphologies to promote carrier mobility favors increased power factors.
Supplementary Table 1 from Emergence of Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer is Associated with BCL-2 and IKKB Dependencies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;List of antibodies used for Western Blot analyses&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Three‐Component Approach to the Synthesis of 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrazoles. (2015)

Abstract The mechanistically novel one‐pot, three‐component coupling of aldehydes, dicarbonyls, and diazo compounds proceeds by a tandem Knoevenagel condensation, 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition, and transition metal‐free oxidative aromatization reaction sequence involving the cleavage of an acetyl group for pyrazole formation.
Remote scientific visualization of progressive 3D meshes with X3D (2010)

This paper presents a framework, integrated into the X3D file format, for the streaming of 3D content in the context of remote scientific visualization; a progressive mesh compression method is proposed that can handle 3D objects associated with attributes like colors, while producing high quality intermediate Levels Of Detail (LOD). Efficient adaptation mechanisms are also proposed so as to optimize the LOD management of the 3D scene according to different constraints like the network bandwidth, the device graphic capability, the display resolution and the user preferences. Experiments demonstrate the efficiency of our approach in scientific visualization scenarii.
On Codes for Checking Logical Operations (1959)

Two types of codes for checking logical operations digit by digit on two vectors of binary digits are studied. The first type attaches a check symbol to each vector of binary digits and requires that the check symbol for the logical function of two vectors can be determined from the check symbols of the two input vectors. The second type of coding is ordinary block coding into vectors of binary digits, with the added requirement that the coded vectors be processed digit by digit. The constraints on the codes resulting from the assumptions for the coding system are studied by typical algebraic arguments. It is shown that for both types of coding and for all nontrivial logical functions of two variables, except “exclusive or” and its complement, there is no system of checking simpler than duplication. For “exclusive or” and its complement, group alphabets can be used, and for the block coding these are the only codes which can be used.
Multichange Isothermal Mutagenesis: A New Strategy for Multiple Site-Directed Mutations in Plasmid DNA (2013)

Multichange ISOthermal (MISO) mutagenesis is a new technique allowing simultaneous introduction of multiple site-directed mutations into plasmid DNA by leveraging two existing ideas: QuikChange-style primers and one-step isothermal (ISO) assembly. Inversely partnering pairs of QuikChange primers results in robust, exponential amplification of linear fragments of DNA encoding mutagenic yet homologous ends. These products are amenable to ISO assembly, which efficiently assembles them into a circular, mutagenized plasmid. Because the technique relies on ISO assembly, MISO mutagenesis is additionally amenable to other relevant DNA modifications such as insertions and deletions. Here we provide a detailed description of the MISO mutagenesis concept and highlight its versatility by applying it to three experiments currently intractable with standard site-directed mutagenesis approaches. MISO mutagenesis has the potential to become widely used for site-directed mutagenesis.
Effect of the polymeric ligand on electron‐transfer reactions: Iron(II) reduction of cis‐chloropoly‐4‐vinylpyridinebis(ethylenediamine)‐cobalt(III) complexes (1971)

Abstract Water‐soluble Co(III)–PVP complexes (where PVP = poly‐4‐vinylpyridine) were prepared, and the specific rates and activation parameters for the iron(II) reductions of cis ‐Co(en) 2 XCl 2+ (where X = PVP or pyridine and en = ethylenediamine) were determined in dilute sulfuric acid solutions. Under the conditions [H 2 SO 4 ] = 0.50 M , Σ[SO 4 2− ] = 1.25 M at 25°C, the second‐order rate constants and activation entropies, respectively, for the cis ‐Co(en) 2− XCl 2+ are (4.10 ± 0.05) × 10 −3 l./mole‐sec and −14 ± 0.6 eu for × = pyridine, (2.1 ± 0.1) × 10 −3 l./mole‐sec and −6.0 ± 1 eu for × = PVP ( P n = 19), and (2.42 ± 0.08) × 10 −3 l./mole‐sec and −2.5 ± 0.8 eu for × = PVP ( P n = 98), where P n is the degree of polymerization of the PVP. The main feature of the polymer effect in the electron‐transfer reactions of the PVP complexes in which uncoordinated pyridine rings are present may be attributed to greater activation entropy. Such a greater entropy for the PVP complex may be partly ascribed to the intricate structure of the PVP ligand in the solution.
Sampling jitter estimation and mitigation in direct RF sub-sampling receiver architecture (2009)

The sampling jitter is particularly problematic in systems where high-frequency signals are sampled. This paper addresses the sampling jitter estimation and cancellation task in the direct RF sub-sampling type radio receivers. The proposed jitter estimation method is based on carefully injecting or superimposing an additional reference signal to the received signal at sampler input. Proper digital signal processing methods are then devised and applied to estimate the sampling jitter realizations from the obtained jittered samples. Using these jitter estimates, combined with proper jitter modelling, the jitter effects can then be efficiently removed from the actual received signal. Careful performance analysis of the overall estimation-cancellation scheme is also carried out using computer simulations with 3GPP LTE type multicarrier signals, assuming also different amounts of RF filtering prior to RF sub-sampling stage.
Beam forming of the underwater sound field from impact pile driving (2013)

Observations of underwater noise from impact pile driving were made with a vertical line array. Previous studies [Reinhall and Dahl, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130, 1209-1216 (2011)] show that the dominant underwater noise from impact driving is from the Mach wave associated with the radial expansion of the pile that propagates down the pile at supersonic speed after impact. Here precise estimates of the vertical arrival angles associated with the down- and up-going Mach wave are made via beam forming, and the energy budget of the arrival structure is quantified.
Fast Randomized Model Generation for Shapelet-Based Time Series\n Classification (2012)

Time series classification is a field which has drawn much attention over the\npast decade. A new approach for classification of time series uses\nclassification trees based on shapelets. A shapelet is a subsequence extracted\nfrom one of the time series in the dataset. A disadvantage of this approach is\nthe time required for building the shapelet-based classification tree. The\nsearch for the best shapelet requires examining all subsequences of all lengths\nfrom all time series in the training set.\n A key goal of this work was to find an evaluation order of the shapelets\nspace which enables fast convergence to an accurate model. The comparative\nanalysis we conducted clearly indicates that a random evaluation order yields\nthe best results. Our empirical analysis of the distribution of high-quality\nshapelets within the shapelets space provides insights into why randomized\nshapelets sampling is superior to alternative evaluation orders.\n We present an algorithm for randomized model generation for shapelet-based\nclassification that converges extremely quickly to a model with surprisingly\nhigh accuracy after evaluating only an exceedingly small fraction of the\nshapelets space.\n
Lutetium oxide-based transparent ceramic scintillators (2023)

In one embodiment, a transparent ceramic of sintered nanoparticles includes gadolinium lutetium oxide doped with europium having a chemical composition (Lu.sub.1-xGd.sub.x).sub.2-YEu.sub.YO.sub.3, where X is any value within a range from about 0.05 to about 0.45 and Y is any value within a range from about 0.01 to about 0.2, and where the transparent ceramic exhibits a transparency characterized by a scatter coefficient of less than about 10%/cm. In another embodiment, a transparent ceramic scintillator of sintered nanoparticles, includes a body of sintered nanoparticles including gadolinium lutetium oxide doped with a rare earth activator (RE) having a chemical composition (Lu.sub.1-xGd.sub.x).sub.2-YRE.sub.YO.sub.3, where RE is selected from the group consisting of: Sm, Eu, Tb, and Dy, where the transparent ceramic exhibits a transparency characterized by a scatter coefficient of less than about 10%/cm.
A Factor Graph Approach to Exploiting Cyclic Prefix for Equalization in OFDM Systems (2013)

In OFDM systems, cyclic prefix (CP) insertion and removal enables the use of a set of computationally efficient single-tap equalizers at the receiver. Due to the extra transmission time and energy, the CP causes a loss in both spectrum efficiency and power efficiency. On the other hand, as a repetition of part of the data, the CP brings extra information and can be exploited for detection. Therefore, instead of discarding the CP observation as in the conventional OFDM system, we utilize all the received signals in a soft-input soft-output equalizer of a turbo equalization OFDM system. First, the models for both the CP part and the non-CP part of observation are presented in a Forney-style factor graph (FFG). Then based on the computation rules of the FFG and the Gaussian message passing (GMP) technique, we develop an equalization algorithm. With proper approximation, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is reduced to \changedmathcal O(2RNlog <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> N+4RGlog <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> G+2RG) per data block for R iterations, where N is the length of the data block and G is equal to P+L-1 with P the length of the CP and L the maximum delay spread of the channel. To justify the performance improvement, SNR analysis is provided. Simulation results show that the proposed approach achieves a significant gain over the conventional approach and the turbo equalization system converges within two iterations.
Ionic liquids for polymer based supercapacitors (2004)

The interest in supercapacitors has increased enormously in recent years mainly for applications in electric vehicle in which the supercapacitors operating in parallel with batteries and fuel cells are expected to provide power peaks during acceleration, especially with fuel cells which have lower performance power than batteries. Given such application, the focus of interest is on supercapacitors with relatively high specific energy. &#13;\nWe have recently developed an hybrid supercapacitor of high specific energy and power based on activated carbon (AC) as negative electrode and poly(3-methylthiophene) (pMeT) as positive, operating between 3 V and 1.5 V in organic liquid electrolyte (propylene carbonate, PC – Et4NBF4), which outperforms even on a preindustrial scale the double layer activated carbon supercapacitors on the market [1].&#13;\nTo further improve the energy performance of such hybrid supercapacitor, we are pursuing the strategy of increasing its maximum operating voltage and, with this aim, we are evaluating the viability of ionic liquids as electrolytes. Indeed ionic liquids are known for their wide electrochemical stability window and chemical stability at high temperature.&#13;\nIonic liquids display chemical-physical properties which depend on the cation and anion chemistry. The imidazolium cation dislays a high cathodic stability and several imidazolium based ionic liquids, generally with ethyl and methyl in 1 and 3 position, with different anions (such as BF4_, PF6_, (CF3SO2)2N_, CF3SO3_, ...) which in turn differently affect the limit of the anodic window, the melting point and hence the conductivity of the ionic liquids, have been prepared and characterized [2]. A few studies have also been devoted to their application in AC double-layer supercapacitors [3] and in polymer-based supercapacitors [4, 5], but the results of the last configuration are related to polymer electrodes too thin to be of practical interest. &#13;\nHere we report and discuss the results of the study on the 1-buthyl-3-methyl-1-H-imidazolium (BMIM+) X_ (X= BF4_, PF6_) ionic liquids carried out in view of their application in AC//pMeT hybrid supercapacitor. Given that a high electrolyte conductivity is important for high performance supercapacitors, conductivity data from room temperature up to high temperatures of interest for electric vehicle applications, especially for those involving fuel cells, are presented. Also the results of a voltammetric study on the AC and pMeT electrodes sized for a practical supercapacitor, with data of electrochemical stability window of BMIMBF4 and BMIMPF6, and of capacity and capacitance of AC and pMeT electrodes are reported and discussed. All these data are also compared with those obtained with the conventional PC-Et4NBF4 electrolyte.
The Design and Testing of RoboClam: A Machine Used to Investigate and Optimize Razor Clam-Inspired Burrowing Mechanisms for Engineering Applications (2009)

Razor clams (Ensis directus) are one of nature’s most adept burrowing organisms, able to dig to 70cm at nearly 1cm/s using only 0.21J/cm. Ensis reduces burrowing drag by using motions of its shell to fluidize a thin layer of substrate around its body. Although these shell motions have an energetic cost, moving through fluidized rather than packed soil results in exponentially lower overall energy consumption. This paper describes the design and testing of RoboClam, a device that mimics Ensis digging methods to understand the limits of razor clam-inspired burrowing, how they scale for different environments and conditions, and how they can be transferred into engineering applications. Using a genetic optimization solver, we found that RoboClam’s most efficient digging motion mimicked Ensis shell kinematics and yielded a power law relationship between digging energy and depth of n = 1.17, very close to the ideal value of n = 1. Pushing through static soil has a theoretical energy-depth power law of n = 2, which means that Ensis-inspired burrowing motions can provide exponentially higher energy efficiency and nearly depth-independent drag resistance.
Training Augmented Models Using SVMs (2006)

There has been significant interest in developing new forms of acoustic model, in particular models which allow additional dependencies to be represented than those contained within a standard hidden Markov model (HMM). This paper discusses one such class of models, augmented statistical models. Here, a local exponential approximation is made about some point on a base model. This allows additional dependencies within the data to be modelled than are represented in the base distribution. Augmented models based on Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and HMMs are briefly described. These augmented models are then related to generative kernels, one approach used for allowing support vector machines (SVMs) to be applied to variable length data. The training of augmented statistical models within an SVM, generative kernel, framework is then discussed. This may be viewed as using maximum margin training to estimate statistical models. Augmented Gaussian mixture models are then evaluated using rescoring on a large vocabulary speech recognition task.
A transportable neural network controller for autonomous vehicle following (2005)

This paper presents the development and testing of a neural network controller for autonomous vehicle following. Autonomous vehicle following is defined as a vehicle controlling its own steering and speed while following a lead vehicle. The strength of the developed controller is that no characterization of vehicle dynamics is needed. As a result it can be transported to any vehicle regardless of its nonlinear and often unobservable dynamics. Data for the range and heading angle of the lead vehicle were collected for various paths with a human driver performing the vehicle following control function. The data was collected for different driving maneuvers including straight paths, lane changing and right/left turns. Two time-delay backpropagation neural networks were then trained based on the data obtained under manual control, one network for speed control and the other for steering control. After training, the vehicle following was done using the trained neural network controller. The results obtained and presented on a video tape indicate that it is feasible to employ a neural network to satisfactorily perform autonomous vehicle following.
Remote Control of Heterodimeric Magnetic Nanoswitch Regulates the Adhesion and Differentiation of Stem Cells (2018)

Remote, noninvasive, and reversible control over the nanoscale presentation of bioactive ligands, such as Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide, is highly desirable for temporally regulating cellular functions in vivo. Herein, we present a novel strategy for physically uncaging RGD using a magnetic field that allows safe and deep tissue penetration. We developed a heterodimeric nanoswitch consisting of a magnetic nanocage (MNC) coupled to an underlying RGD-coated gold nanoparticle (AuNP) via a long flexible linker. Magnetically controlled movement of MNC relative to AuNP allowed reversible uncaging and caging of RGD that modulate physical accessibility of RGD for integrin binding, thereby regulating stem cell adhesion, both in vitro and in vivo. Reversible RGD uncaging by the magnetic nanoswitch allowed temporal regulation of stem cell adhesion, differentiation, and mechanosensing. This physical and reversible RGD uncaging utilizing heterodimeric magnetic nanoswitch is unprecedented and holds promise in the remote control of cellular behaviors in vivo.
Noninvasive estimation of 2-D pressure gradients in steady flow using ultrasound (2014)

A noninvasive method for estimating 2-D pressure gradients from ultrasound vector velocity data is presented. It relies on vector velocity fields acquired using the transverse oscillation method during steady flow conditions. The pressure gradients are calculated from the velocity fields using the Navier-Stokes equations. Scans of a carotid bifurcation phantom with a 70% constriction are performed using a linear transducer connected to a scanner. The performance of the estimator is evaluated by comparing its results to those of a computational fluid dynamics model of the carotid bifurcation phantom. The geometry of the model is determined from magnetic resonance imaging. The presented study is conducted assuming steady flow using velocity data acquired at 18 frames per second. The proposed method shows pressure gradients at the constricted region from -8 kPa/m to 9 kPa/m, with a maximum bias of -7% for the axial component and -8% for the lateral component. The relative standard deviation of the estimator is 5% (axial component) and 30% (lateral component) when studying the pressure gradient across the constriction using 3 velocity frames per pressure estimate. The study shows that 2-D pressure gradients can be achieved noninvasively using ultrasound data in a constant flow environment.
Structural requirements of peptide hormone binding for peptide-potentiated self-association of bovine neurophysin II. (1988)

Site-specific, truncated, and sequence-simplified analogs of the hormone [Arg8]vasopressin were investigated for the relationship between their abilities to recognize immobilized bovine neurophysin and to promote neurophysin self-association. Peptide binding to neurophysin was measured quantitatively by analytical high performance affinity chromatography on immobilized bovine neurophysin II. Neurophysin self-association, measured as binding of soluble to immobilized neurophysin, was promoted (made higher affinity) by soluble peptide hormone and its analogs, with the effect of particular peptides being proportional to their binding affinities for neurophysin. Sequence-redesigned peptides able to recognize neurophysin, including dipeptide amides, were able to potentiate the self-association to the same extent as the natural hormone when tested at concentrations adjusted to effect equal degrees of saturation of neurophysin. The relationship between peptide affinity to neurophysin and the potentiation of self-association suggests that the latter is directly dependent on the former and can occur even with limited segments of hormone sequence. The data fit best to a model in which hormone binding and self-association surfaces of neurophysin are separate and linked through the neurophysin molecule to produce cooperativity (hormone-promoted self-association). Given that only limited structural elements of hormone are required for promoting self-association, the results fit less well with models in which cooperativity requires that hormone make dimer-stabilizing contacts with both self-associating subunits of neurophysin simultaneously.