gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of low-temperature Si buffer thickness and SiGe oxidation on sensitivity of Si1−xGex nanowire (2015)

Si1−xGex nanowire biosensors are attractive for their high sensitivity due to the large surface-to-volume ratio, high carrier mobility, and silicon compatibility. In this work, we study the effect of the thickness of the low-temperature Si (LT-Si) buffer layer on an insulator on the sensitivity of oxidized Si1−xGex nanowire samples with different Ge contents by increasing the Si buffer thickness from 20 to 60 nm. 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) was used as a biochemical reagent. It was demonstrated that, with the proper Ge content and LT-Si buffer thickness, the sensitivity of the Si1−xGex nanowire is high and it can be further improved by Si1−xGex oxidation. This can be attributed to the reduction of the diameter to the nanometer order, which gives rise to an increased surface-to-volume ratio and further enhances the sensitivity of the biosensor.
On Sampling Random Features From Empirical Leverage Scores:\n Implementation and Theoretical Guarantees (2019)

Random features provide a practical framework for large-scale kernel\napproximation and supervised learning. It has been shown that data-dependent\nsampling of random features using leverage scores can significantly reduce the\nnumber of features required to achieve optimal learning bounds. Leverage scores\nintroduce an optimized distribution for features based on an\ninfinite-dimensional integral operator (depending on input distribution), which\nis impractical to sample from. Focusing on empirical leverage scores in this\npaper, we establish an out-of-sample performance bound, revealing an\ninteresting trade-off between the approximated kernel and the eigenvalue decay\nof another kernel in the domain of random features defined based on data\ndistribution. Our experiments verify that the empirical algorithm consistently\noutperforms vanilla Monte Carlo sampling, and with a minor modification the\nmethod is even competitive to supervised data-dependent kernel learning,\nwithout using the output (label) information.\n
Document visual similarity measure for document search (2011)

Managing large document databases has become an important task. Being able to automatically compare document layouts and classify and search documents with respect to their visual appearance proves to be desirable in many applications. We propose a new algorithm that approximates a metric function between documents based on their visual similarity. The comparison is based only on the visual appearance of the document without taking into consideration its text content. We measure the similarity of single page documents with respect to distance functions between three document components: background, text, and saliency. Each document component is represented as a Gaussian mixture distribution; and distances between the components of different documents are calculated as an approximation of the Hellinger distance between corresponding distributions. Since the Hellinger distance obeys the triangle inequality, it proves to be favorable in the task of nearest neighbor search in a document database. Thus, the computation required to find similar documents in a document database can be significantly reduced.
The Effect of Solute Elements on Hardness and Grain Size in Platinum Based Binary Alloys (2008)

The effects of 25 kinds of solute elements on hardness and grain size in annealed Pt-based binary alloys were investigated together with cold workability and a hardness variation with a cold rolling reduction. Gain size largely varied depending on solute elements and their concentrations, and so the decrement in grain size per 1 at% solute addition was evaluated based on grain size difference between pure platinum and a respective alloy. This value markedly reduced in the low solute concentration range below 5 at%, followed by a sluggish reduction in the higher solute concentration range. Hardness values obtained in all alloys were corrected considering contribution of hardening due to grain refinement, and solid solution hardening was evaluated by the increment in hardness per 1 at% solute addition. The lattice constants of pure platinum and alloys were measured to calculate the size misfits. The increment in hardness increased with the increase in the size misfit in all alloys, and this relationship was clearly divided into two groups depending on whether the binary alloy system is a completely miscible type or a type with the solubility limit. The increment in hardness in the latter type of alloys was much higher than that of the former, and this value became larger with the increase in the inverse value of the solubility limit in Pt-based binary alloy. The superior cold workability and very similar work hardening behavior were observed in all Pt-based binary alloys.
Application of Blockchain to Maintaining Patient Records in Electronic Health Record for Enhanced Privacy, Scalability, and Availability (2020)

Our system is feasible and flexible with scalability and availability in adapting to existing EHRs for strengthening security and privacy in managing patient records. Our research is expected to provide an effective method to integrate dispersed patient records among medical institutions.
Exposome extrinsic factors in the tropics: The need for skin protection beyond solar UV radiation (2021)

Environmental factors such as solar ultraviolet radiation (UV), air pollution, and variations in the air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) affect skin health. However, it is still unclear what effects on the skin may occur as the result of these combined exposures. This study was designed to quantify environmental exposures during routine daily activities to provide quantitative metrics that inspire future studies on exposome and human health. Two bicyclists were equipped with instruments to collect specific data concerning UV (at different angles), T, RH, ground-level ozone (O3), and chemical exposures. Measurements were conducted in the summer and winter seasons of 2016–2017 in four touristic and urban Brazilian cities. Erythemal UV doses (EryD) exceeding the minimal erythemal doses (MED) for phototype V (EryD > 600 Jm−2) were registered in most tours, including cloudy weather and during the winter. Significant EryD were also observed in tilted body parts. Humidex Index (HI) higher than 30 °C revealed great thermal discomfort in most regions, mainly during the summer. O3 amounts were generally below the thresholds established by the World Health Organization (WHO), except for two instances in which the peak of O3 concentrations exceeded the 100 μg m−3. More than 10% of chemicals sampled during the tours were identified as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), including anthracene (peak of 207 ng per gram of air). There was a combination of EryD exceeding the MED, thermal discomfort, and PAH exposure in most studied areas. We concluded that this exposome could accelerate and amplify skin-related damages generally associated with a single environmental factor exposure, such as sunlight exposure at any time of the year, for example.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma: current treatment strategies and novel approaches (2008)

Approximately 80% of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients achieve long-term remission after primary chemotherapy or chemo/radiotherapy. Despite these excellent results, further treatment improvement is necessary. HL therapy is associated with severe acute and long-term toxicities. Thus, a major aim of clinical HL research is to evaluate novel schemes that are less toxic than current standard regimens without being less effective. Another focus is the treatment of patients with multiple relapses. Standard treatment for these patients has not yet been defined, and their prognosis is still poor. Reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation was recently shown to be effective in carefully selected young chemosensitive patients. Furthermore, new strategies such as antibody- and small-molecule-based therapy have demonstrated encouraging results in preclinical studies and the first clinical trials.
Fractional Repetition Codes With Flexible Repair From Combinatorial Designs (2016)

Fractional repetition (FR) codes are a class of regenerating codes for distributed storage systems with an exact (table-based) repair process that is also uncoded, i.e., upon failure, a node is regenerated by simply downloading packets from the surviving nodes. In this paper, we present the constructions of FR codes based on Steiner systems and resolvable combinatorial designs, such as affine geometries, Hadamard designs, and mutually orthogonal Latin squares. The failure resilience of our codes can be varied in a simple manner. We construct codes with normalized repair bandwidth (β) strictly larger than one; these cannot be obtained trivially from codes with β = 1. Furthermore, we present the Kronecker product technique for generating new codes from existing ones and elaborate on their properties. FR codes with locality are those where the repair degree is smaller than the number of nodes contacted for reconstructing the stored file. For these codes, we establish a tradeoff between the local repair property and the failure resilience and construct codes that meet this tradeoff. Much of prior work only provided lower bounds on the FR code rate. In this paper, for most of our constructions, we determine the code rate for certain parameter ranges.
Latency-Guided On-Chip Bus-Network Design (2006)

Deep submicrometer technology scaling has two major ramifications on the design process. First, reduced feature size significantly increases wire delay, thus resulting in critical paths being dominated by global interconnect rather than gate delays. Second, an ultrahigh level of integration mandates design of systems-on-chip that encompass numerous design blocks of decreased functional granularity and increased communication demands. The convergence of these two factors emphasizes the importance of the on-chip bus network as one of the crucial high-performance enablers for future systems-on-chip. An on-chip bus-network design methodology and corresponding set of tools which, for the first time, close the synthesis loop between system and physical design have been developed. The approach has three components: a communication profiler, a bus-network designer, and a fast approximate floorplanner. The communication profiler collects run-time information about the traffic between system cores. The bus-network design component optimizes the bus-network structure by coordinating information from the other two components. The floorplanner aims at creating a feasible floorplan; it also sends feedback about the most constrained parts of the network. The effectiveness of our bus-network design approach on a number of multicore designs is demonstrated
Effect of Oral Tetracycline on Iron Absorption from Iron(III)-hydroxide Polymaltose Complex in Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia (2011)

The study was carried out as an open-label, laboratory-blind, single-dose, randomized, two-period crossover, isotope efficacy study. Twenty-two patients with iron-deficiency anemia were enrolled in the study. The study consisted of two treatment phases of 15 days each, including blood sample measurements for Fe-59 activity. The 2 treatments were given orally. Treatment A was Fe-59 labeled iron(III)-hydroxide polymaltose complex (IPC, Maltofer), equivalent to 100 mg elemental iron given orally, and Treatment B consisted of Treatment A combined with 600 mg aluminium hydroxide (CAS 21645-51-2) (10 ml). No differences between the two treatment groups with regard to the erythrocyte uptake were found, and thus IPC can be used with aluminium hydroxide, if necessary.
HLA class II genotype and factor VIII inhibitors in mild haemophilia A patients with an Arg593 to Cys mutation (2004)

We evaluated inhibitor formation in a group of patients with mild haemophilia A caused by an Arg593 to Cys mutation. A remarkably high cumulative inhibitor incidence of 14% over 22 years was observed. Three of 49 patients developed transient, low-titre inhibitors, which remained below 2.0 BU mL(-1). Four patients with an Arg593 to Cys mutation developed high-titre inhibitors (>5.0 BU mL(-1)). Three of these patients have been described previously. In this study, we characterized inhibitory antibodies in a fourth patient with high-titre inhibitors. Epitope mapping studies revealed that antibodies were predominantly directed to the A2 domain of factor VIII. We addressed the role of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles in inhibitor development in patients with an Arg593 to Cys mutation by HLA genotyping. In the group of inhibitor patients raised frequencies of HLA-DRB1*01 and HLA-DQB1*05 were observed that did not reached statistical significance. Our data suggest that inhibitor development in mild haemophilia A patients with an Arg593 to Cys mutation is not linked to HLA class II profile.
Self-Assembled Monlayer Films as Durable Anti-Stiction Coating for Polysilicon Microstructures (1996)

We present a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) coating process for high-yield release of compliant polysilicon microstructw-es -direct from the water rinse. This process has been used to release cantilever beams up to 1000 microns in length and requires no special sublimation or supercritical drying techniques. Once coated and released, these same microstructures have been used to quantify in-use stiction by electrostatically actuating surfaces into contact. Polysilicon structures coated with SAM films exhibit a work of adhesion of 3 J/m 2 , nearly four orders of magnitude lower than uncoated, hydrophilic structures. These coatings are also thermally stable up to 400 C for 5 minutes in a nitrogen or vacuum ambient, which falls within the range of typical packaging temperature cycles. The SAM-coating process has been further improved to eliminate the use of carbon tetrachloride, an environmentally unfriendly solvent. Using a combination of chloroform and iso-octane in place of the carbon tetrachloride, films have been produced which exhibit equal or better stiction properties than those formed using the carbon tetrachloride process.
Radiolabeling, whole-body single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging, and pharmacokinetics of carbon nanohorns in mice (2016)

In this work, we report that the biodistribution and excretion of carbon nanohorns (CNHs) in mice are dependent on their size and functionalization. Small-sized CNHs (30-50 nm; S-CNHs) and large-sized CNHs (80-100 nm; L-CNHs) were chemically functionalized and radiolabeled with [(111)In]-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and intravenously injected into mice. Their tissue distribution profiles at different time points were determined by single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography. The results showed that the S-CNHs circulated longer in blood, while the L-CNHs accumulated faster in major organs like the liver and spleen. Small amounts of S-CNHs- and L-CNHs were excreted in urine within the first few hours postinjection, followed by excretion of smaller quantities within the next 48 hours in both urine and feces. The kinetics of excretion for S-CNHs were more rapid than for L-CNHs. Both S-CNH and L-CNH material accumulated mainly in the liver and spleen; however, S-CNH accumulation in the spleen was more prominent than in the liver.
The use of first-order structuring-element libraries to design morphological filters (2003)

Statistically optimized morphological filters are preferable to those traditionally selected by humans. Nevertheless, full optimization has been shown to be computationally intractable. By applying first-order knowledge to select a predetermined structuring-element library upon which to apply optimization, one can greatly reduce design computation, while at the same time producing good filters. The paper sets down a paradigm for library optimization and presents a methodology for first-order-library construction. Experimental results depicted herein illustrate the goodness of the estimations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An attempt to enhance the effectiveness of the aftertreatment of direct dyeings with cationic fixing agents (1998)

An attempt was made to enhance the effectiveness of two commercial cationic fixing agents in improving the wash fastness of three commercial direct dyes on cotton. A syntan was subsequently applied to the aftertreated dyeings and the possible beneficial effect of this additional treatment on the fastness of the dyeings to the ISO C06/C2 wash test was assessed. Use of the syntan marginally enhanced the effectiveness of the cationic fixing agents but the effect of the syntan was both dye‐ and fixing agent‐specific.
Discovery of a Remarkable Methyl Shift Effect in the Vanilloid Activity of Triterpene Amides (2020)

As part of a study on triterpenoid conjugates, the dietary pentacyclic triterpenoids oleanolic (<b>2a</b>) and ursolic acids (<b>3a</b>) were coupled with vanillamine, and the resulting amides (<b>2b</b> and <b>3b</b>, respectively) were assayed for activity on the vanilloid receptor TRPV1. Despite a structural difference limited to the location of a methyl group in their conformationally rigid pentacyclic core, oleanoloyl vanillamide dramatically outperformed ursoloyl vanillamide in terms of potency (EC<sub>50</sub> = 35 ± 2 nM for <b>2b</b> and 5.4 ± 2.3 μM for <b>3b</b>). Using molecular docking and dynamics, this difference was translated into distinct accommodation modes at the TRPV1 vanillyl ligand pocket, suggesting a critical role of a C-H π<sup>phenyl</sup> interaction between the triterpenoid C-29 methyl and Phe591 of TRPV1. Because the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation process of transient receptor channels (TRPs) remain to be fully elucidated, the observation of spatially restricted structure-activity information is of significant relevance to identify the molecular detail of TRPV1 ligand gating.
Shotgun proteomics coupled to nanoparticle-based biomarker enrichment reveals a novel panel of extracellular matrix proteins as candidate serum protein biomarkers for early-stage breast cancer detection (2020)

Using a nanoparticle-based protein enrichment technology, we identified and verified a highly specific and sensitive protein signature indicative of early-stage breast cancer with no false positives when assessing benign and inflammatory controls. These markers have been previously reported in cell-ECM interaction and tumor microenvironment biology. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to evaluate whether this biomarker panel improves the positive predictive value of mammography for breast cancer detection.
Correction to: ATAC2GRN: optimized ATAC-seq and DNase1-seq pipelines for rapid and accurate genome regulatory network inference (2019)

Following the publication of this article [1], the authors informed us of the following typographical errors in the Results section (the changes are marked in bold).
Guiding Principles for a Pediatric Neurology ICU (neuroPICU) Bedside Multimodal Monitor (2016)

A well-designed neuroPICU display must present multiple datasets in dynamic, flexible, and informative views to accommodate clinicians from multiple disciplines in a variety of clinical scenarios.
Gold standard auditing for router configurations (2010)

Network providers face a huge challenge of running their network without service disruption in the presence of constant network change. Such change often involves router configuration update. The goal of gold standard auditing is to ensure all field configs are equivalent to a certified gold config. To handle constant change involving many features configured for numerous routers at the network edge, we need a scalable system that can perform gold standard auditing in a timely fashion. We present the design of GSAT (Gold Standard Audit Tool) that utilizes the syntactic structure of configs. When there is difference between gold and field configs, GSAT can provide users with enough structural hints to understand the context of the difference. Being technology-independent, GSAT is highly scalable and extensible. We have been using GSAT to audit customer-facing routers in a large-scale operational IP network. We present the implementation details and audit performance of our system.
Suppression of erased state V/sub t/ drift in two-bit per cell SONOS memories (2004)

In this letter, we report on the suppression of the erased state threshold voltage drift (room temperature V/sub t/ drift) in cycled two-bit per cell silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon memory. Room temperature V/sub t/ drift is significantly decreased by using bottom oxide (BOX) with the thickness T/sub BOX/<50 /spl Aring/. Excellent retention properties are preserved for T/sub BOX/ up to 33 /spl Aring/. The results of single-cell studies were confirmed on 2 Mb memory arrays that underwent up to 1000 program/erase cycles. Peculiarities of hole injection into the nitride of oxide-nitride-oxide in the erase operation are considered for explanation of the observed results. The improvement is associated with a lesser amount of holes used in the erase.
Evaluation of dual-wavelength excitation autofluorescence imaging of colorectal tumours with a high-sensitivity CMOS imager: a cross-sectional study (2015)

Dual-wavelength excitation autofluorescence images of colorectal tumours can be acquired using our high-sensitivity CMOS imager, and are useful in detecting colorectal tumours.
A Robust Signal Classification Scheme for Cognitive Radio (2012)

This paper presents a robust signal classification scheme for achieving comprehensive spectrum sensing of multiple coexisting wireless systems. It is built upon a group of feature-based signal detection algorithms enhanced by the proposed dimension cancelation (DIC) method for mitigating the noise uncertainty problem. The classification scheme is implemented on our testbed consisting real-world wireless devices. The simulation and experimental performances agree with each other well and shows the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme.
On the Hardness of Decoding the Gale–Berlekamp Code (2008)

The Gale-Berlekamp (in short, GB) code is the dual code of the binary product code in which the horizontal and vertical constituent codes are both the parity code. It is shown that the problem of deciding whether there is a codeword of the GB code within a prescribed distance from a given received word, is NP-complete. The problem remains hard (in a well-defined sense) even if the decoder is allowed unlimited preprocessing that depends only on the code length. While the intractability of maximum-likelihood decoding (MLD) for specific codes has already been shown by Bruck and Naor, Lobstein, and Guruswami and Vardy, the result herein seems to be the first that shows hardness for a "natural" code (in particular, without any tailoring of the definition or the parameters of the code to suit the hardness proof). In contrast, it is also shown that, with respect to any memoryless binary-symmetric channel (BSC) with crossover probability less than 1/2, MLD can be implemented in linear time for all error events except for a portion that occurs with vanishing probability.