gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passive and Active Elements Using Fractional ${\rm L}_{\beta} {\rm C}_{\alpha}$ Circuit (2011)

This paper introduces a qualitative revision of the traditional LC tank circuit in the fractional domain. The paper can be divided into six major parts, aiming in turn to establish the various conditions under which L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">β</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α</sub> impedance may act as a resistor, negative resistor, or a positive or negative pure imaginary inductor or capacitor, in accordance to new frequency definitions; illustrate the process by which the phase response chooses the shortest path from initial to final phase, and use this illustration to verify the cases discussed in part one; develop the generalized parameters for the bandpass filter response of the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">β</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α</sub> circuit, such as the resonance frequency and quality factor versus α- β plane; discuss sensitivity analyses with respect to the fractional orders, as well as the time domain analyses for the impulse and step responses with their analytical formulas; and lastly, to propose some possible applications for this generalized circuit. Mathematical and PSpice simulation results are included to validate the discussion.
Low-Leakage Polymeric Thin-Film Transistors Fabricated by Laser Assisted Lift-Off Technique (2005)

Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) based on a semiconducting polymer have been fabricated using a patterning method of the selective wettability. Laser assisted lift-off (LALO) technique, ablating selectively the hydrophobic layer by an excimer laser, was used for producing a semiconducting polymer channel in the OTFT with high resolution. The selective wettability of a semiconducting polymer, poly(9-9-dioctylfluorene- co -bithiophene) (F8T2), dissolved in a polar solvent was found to define precisely the pattering resolution of the active channel. It is demonstrated that in the F8T2 TFTs fabricated using the LALO technique, the leakage of the gate current is drastically reduced.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanoids in Organic Synthesis. Part 6. Stereocontrolled Cyclization Reactions Mediated by Samarium Diiodide. (1987)

Abstract Stereocontrolled cyclization of the ketoamides (I), (III) or ketoesters (VI), (XI) induced by SmI 2 leads to the products (II), (IV), (VII) + (VIII), (XII) + (XIII), mostly in excellent yields.
Design and Validation of a Full Body Control Semi-Active Suspension Strategy for a Supercar (2019)

The paper designs a semi-active suspension control strategy for a supercar. The control strategy aims at providing sprung mass stability in terms of heave, pitch and roll dynamics. Supercars dynamics are very demanding in that the vehicle has to provide excellent stability during pilot-induced sprung mass movements (braking, acceleration and turning) and a reasonable road disturbance isolation. The proposed control system is based on four independent modified sky-hook controllers and a centralized high-level controller that schedules the parameter of the sky-hook algorithms taking into account the driver’s input. The paper implements the proposed algorithm on an instrumented supercar and validates the approach on a number of maneuvers.
Multifunctional Nanomedicine Platform for Cancer Specific Delivery of siRNA by Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles-Dendrimer Complexes (2010)

The ability of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and Poly(Propyleneimine) generation 5 dendrimers (PPI G5) to cooperatively provoke siRNA complexation was investigated in order to develop a targeted, multifunctional siRNA delivery system for cancer therapy. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coating and cancer specific targeting moiety (LHRH peptide) have been incorporated into SPIO-PPI G5-siRNA complexes to enhance serum stability and selective internalization by cancer cells. Such a modification of siRNA nanoparticles enhanced its internalization into cancer cells and increased the efficiency of targeted gene suppression in vitro. Moreover, the developed siRNA delivery system was capable of sufficiently enhancing in vivo antitumor activity of an anticancer drug (Cisplatin). The proposed approach demonstrates potential for the creation of targeted multifunctional nanomedicine platforms with the ability to deliver therapeutic siRNA specifically to cancer cells in order to prevent severe adverse side effects on healthy tissues and in situ monitoring of the therapeutic outcome using clinically relevant imaging techniques.
Threepoint repositioning of axes: Three‐dimensional alignment procedure for electron microscope tomography using three markers (1996)

A description is given of a new procedure to align series of tilted graphs, made with an electron microscope, for computer tomographic purposes. The procedure uses the coordinates of three projected markers to calculate parameters needed for the reconstruction. To that end the procedure computes the direction of the tilt-axis, the translation and rotation parameters, the tilt-angle of every micrograph, and the spatial coordinates of the individual markers with their centre of gravity as origin of the coordinate system. A searching technique, based on cross-correlation, is described to locate accurately the micrographs markers. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Unravelling the interactions of the environmental hostAcanthamoeba castellaniiwith fungi through the recognition by mannose‐binding proteins (2019)

Free-living amoebae (FLAs) are major reservoirs for a variety of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The most studied mycophagic FLA, Acanthamoeba castellanii (Ac), is a potential environmental host for endemic fungal pathogens such as Cryptococcus spp., Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitides, and Sporothrix schenckii. However, the mechanisms involved in this interaction are poorly understood. The aim of this work was to characterize the molecular instances that enable Ac to interact with and ingest fungal pathogens, a process that could lead to selection and maintenance of possible virulence factors. The interaction of Ac with a variety of fungal pathogens was analysed in a multifactorial evaluation that included the role of multiplicity of infection over time. Fungal binding to Ac surface by living image consisted of a quick process, and fungal initial extrusion (vomocytosis) was detected from 15 to 80 min depending on the organism. When these fungi were cocultured with the amoeba, only Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans were able to grow, whereas Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Sporothrix brasiliensis displayed unchanged viability. Yeasts of H. capsulatum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were rapidly killed by Ac; however, some cells remained viable after 48 hr. To evaluate changes in fungal virulence upon cocultivation with Ac, recovered yeasts were used to infect Galleria mellonella, and in all instances, they killed the larvae faster than control yeasts. Surface biotinylated extracts of Ac exhibited intense fungal binding by FACS and fluorescence microscopy. Binding was also intense to mannose, and mass spectrometry identified Ac proteins with affinity to fungal surfaces including two putative transmembrane mannose-binding proteins (MBP, L8WXW7 and MBP1, Q6J288). Consistent with interactions with such mannose-binding proteins, Ac–fungi interactions were inhibited by mannose. These MBPs may be involved in fungal recognition by amoeba and promotes interactions that allow the emergence and maintenance of fungal virulence for animals.
Drug Target Ontology to Classify and Integrate Drug Discovery Data (2017)

Abstract Background One of the most successful approaches to develop new small molecule therapeutics has been to start from a validated druggable protein target. However, only a small subset of potentially druggable targets has attracted significant research and development resources. The Illuminating the Druggable Genome (IDG) project develops resources to catalyze the development of likely targetable, yet currently understudied prospective drug targets. A central component of the IDG program is a comprehensive knowledge resource of the druggable genome. Results As part of that effort, we have been developing a framework to integrate, navigate, and analyze drug discovery data based on formalized and standardized classifications and annotations of druggable protein targets, the Drug Target Ontology (DTO). DTO was constructed by extensive curation and consolidation of various resources. DTO classifies the four major drug target protein families, GPCRs, kinases, ion channels and nuclear receptors, based on phylogenecity, function, target development level, disease association, tissue expression, chemical ligand and substrate characteristics, and target-family specific characteristics. The formal ontology was built using a new software tool to auto-generate most axioms from a database while also supporting manual knowledge acquisition. A modular, hierarchical implementation facilitates development and maintenance and makes use of various external ontologies, thus integrating the DTO into the ecosystem of biomedical ontologies. As a formal OWL-DL ontology, DTO contains asserted and inferred axioms. Modeling data from the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program illustrates the potential of DTO for contextual data integration and nuanced definition of important drug target characteristics. DTO has been implemented in the IDG user interface Portal, Pharos and the TIN-X explorer of protein target disease relationships. Conclusions DTO was built based on the need for a formal semantic model for druggable targets including various related information such as protein, gene, protein domain, protein structure, binding site, small molecule drug, mechanism of action, protein tissue localization, disease association, and many other types of information. DTO will further facilitate the otherwise challenging integration and formal linking to biological assays, phenotypes, disease models, drug poly-pharmacology, binding kinetics and many other processes, functions and qualities that are at the core of drug discovery. The first version of DTO is publically available via the website http://drugtargetontology.org/ , Github ( https://github.com/DrugTargetOntology/DTO ), and the NCBO Bioportal ( https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/DTO ). The long-term goal of DTO is to provide such an integrative framework and to populate the ontology with this information as a community resource.
Effect of transportation and storage using sorbent tubes of exhaled breath samples on diagnostic accuracy of electronic nose analysis (2012)

Many (multi-centre) breath-analysis studies require transport and storage of samples. We aimed to test the effect of transportation and storage using sorbent tubes of exhaled breath samples for diagnostic accuracy of eNose and GC-MS analysis. As a reference standard for diagnostic accuracy, breath samples of asthmatic patients and healthy controls were analysed by three eNose devices. Samples were analysed by GC-MS and eNose after 1, 7 and 14 days of transportation and storage using sorbent tubes. The diagnostic accuracy for eNose and GC-MS after storage was compared to the reference standard. As a validation, the stability was assessed of 15 compounds known to be related to asthma, abundant in breath or related to sampling and analysis. The reference test discriminated asthma and healthy controls with a median AUC (range) of 0.77 (0.72-0.76). Similar accuracies were achieved at t1 (AUC eNose 0.78; GC-MS 0.84), t7 (AUC eNose 0.76; GC-MS 0.79) and t14 (AUC eNose 0.83; GC-MS 0.84). The GC-MS analysis of compounds showed an adequate stability for all 15 compounds during the 14 day period. Short-term transportation and storage using sorbent tubes of breath samples does not influence the diagnostic accuracy for discrimination between asthma and health by eNose and GC-MS.
Status of the development of X-band antenna-amplifier: design, simulations, and prototype experiments (2006)

Summary form only given. An antenna-amplifier, Cherenkov maser with a rod slow-wave structure operating in the non-axisymmetric HE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> mode (fundamental mode of a dielectric rod antenna), can be a compact, controllable, high-power microwave source. In this work, new results obtained in the course of the development of the X-band antenna-amplifier are reported. The design of the proof-of-principle experiments on gain demonstration in the device assumes employing a microwave pulse compressor as a source of external signal, so that the RF drive pulse duration would be less than that of the operating voltage of the linear induction accelerator (LIA), a compact source of electron beam. Also, this allows one to increase the input microwave power up to ~1 MW. The results of numerical simulations using the 3-D version of the PIC code MAGIC show that the output power of ~30 MW is achievable with the operating voltage of ~290 kV and beam current of ~1.17 kA at the frequency of ~9.3 GHz. The prototype experiments included the annular beam transport with a dielectric rod inside (in the absence of input microwave signal) and the low-power microwave transmission (in the absence of the beam). The experiments on beam transport were aimed at estimating the density of plasma that can appear at the rod surface, since too dense plasma could prevent amplification in the device. It has been shown that one can avoid plasma formation to the degree inadmissible for an X-band device, when the density much exceeds 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ; thus, the concept of the antenna-amplifier can be considered realizable. The dielectric rod antenna excitation has been studied using the microwave transmission system placed inside the LIA module (so that the antenna feed waveguide can serve also as a cathode holder). The antenna matching and radiation pattern have been measured, and it has been shown that the real geometry of the antenna-amplifier practically does not change the angular distribution of radiated power and its dependence on frequency in comparison with the case of isolated antenna
ChemInform Abstract: Enzyme‐Catalyzed Reactions. Part 20. A Convenient Preparation of 2‐ Substituted (S)‐Aziridines. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A trispecific Ab directed to HIV-1 and T cells activates and eliminates latently-infected cells in HIV/SHIV infections (2022)

Abstract The main barrier to HIV virus eradication is the presence of long-lived HIV-1 that persists in latent reservoirs. Current efforts have focused on HIV cure interventions that “shock and kill” virally infected cells to purge the latent pool. Latency reversing agents (LRAs) induce viral activation leading to immune cell recognition and clearance of latently-infected cells. Though several clinical trials with LRAs have demonstrated that activation of viral gene expression is possible in vivo , limited or no clearance of the reactivated cells has been observed. The identification of molecules that can simultaneously activate latent HIV, increase immune activation and enhance the killing of latently-infected cells represents an alternative promising approach. Here, we developed and evaluated a trispecific antibody that targets three independent proteins: (1) the HIV envelope, (2) the T cell antigen CD3, and (3) the co-stimulatory molecule CD28. For targeting HIV Env, we used the broadly reactive CD4-binding site monoclonal antibody (mAb), N6. We found that an antibody with all three specificities (N6/αCD3-αCD28), significantly increased antigen-specific T-cell activation and cytokine release in both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. Co-culturing CD4 + T cells with autologous CD8 + T cells isolated from ART suppressed HIV + donors in the presence of N6/αCD3-αCD28, resulted in activation of latently-infected cells and enhancement of the cytolytic activity of CD8 + T cells to eliminate the cells expressing reactivated HIV. This trispecific antibody mediated CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell activation in non-human primates and was well tolerated in vivo , confirming its activity and safety in a relevant animal model. This HIV-directed antibody is therefore merits further development as a potential intervention for the eradication of latent HIV infection.
NMR study of optically hyperpolarized phosphorus donor nuclei in silicon (2018)

We use above-band-gap optical excitation, via a 1047-nm laser, to hyperpolarize the $^{31}\mathrm{P}$ spins in low-doped (${N}_{D}=6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$) natural abundance silicon at 4.2 K and 6.7 T, and inductively detect the resulting NMR signal. The 30-kHz spectral linewidth observed is dramatically larger than the 600-Hz linewidth observed from a $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$-enriched silicon crystal. We show that the broadening is consistent with previous electron-nuclear double-resonance results showing discrete isotope mass effect contributions to the donor hyperfine coupling. A secondary source of broadening is likely due to variations in the local strain, induced by the random distribution of different isotopes in natural silicon. The nuclear spin ${T}_{1}$ and the buildup time for the optically induced $^{31}\mathrm{P}$ hyperpolarization in the natural abundance silicon sample were observed to be $178\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}47$ and $69\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6$ s, respectively, significantly shorter than the values previously measured in $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$-enriched samples under the same conditions. We measured the ${T}_{1}$ and hyperpolarization buildup time for the $^{31}\mathrm{P}$ signal in natural abundance silicon at 9.4 T to be $54\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}31$ and $13\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$ s, respectively. The shorter buildup and nuclear spin ${T}_{1}$ times at high field are likely due to the shorter electron spin ${T}_{1}$, which drives nuclear spin relaxation via nonsecular hyperfine interactions. At 6.7 T, the phosphorus nuclear spin ${T}_{2}$ was $16.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6$ ms at 4.2 K, a factor of 4 shorter than in $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$-enriched crystals. This was observed to shorten to $1.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4$ ms in the presence of the infrared laser.
Sequential self-reconstruction of localized Mo species in hierarchical carbon/Co–Mo oxide heterostructures for boosting alkaline hydrogen evolution kinetics and durability (2021)

A hierarchical Co@NCNT/CoMoO x precatalyst is designed, and then a surface self-reconstruction process is deliberately induced, resulting in a superior alkaline HER performance with 600 h stability even in alkaline natural seawater.
Eradication of H. pylori after endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer reduced risk for metachronous gastric cancer (2008)

Source Citation Fukase K, Kato M, Kikuchi S, et al. Effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori on incidence of metachronous gastric carcinoma after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer: an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372:392-7. 18675689
Hyperriesig leitende nanogranulare Materialen (2018)

Summary Hypergiant conductance of nanogranular materials ‐ Ampacity in the GA/cm 2 range by boson current transport at room temperature Using focused electron beam induced processing a new class of hypergiant conducting materials has been discovered. The production is possible with slow step focused electron beam deposition using organometallic compounds. Applications are in electronics and IR radiation harvesting.
Retrieval of Prior Court Cases Using Witness Testimonies (2020)

Witness testimonies are important constituents of a court case description and play a significant role in the final decision. We propose two techniques to identify sentences representing witness testimonies. The first technique employs linguistic rules whereas the second technique applies distant supervision where training set is constructed automatically using the output of the first technique. We then represent the identified witness testimonies in a more meaningful structure – event verb (predicate) along with its arguments corresponding to semantic roles A0 and A1 [1]. We demonstrate effectiveness of such representation in retrieving semantically similar prior relevant cases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to apply NLP techniques to extract witness information from court judgements and use it for retrieving prior court cases.
Decomposition of Alder, Ash, and Poplar Litter in a Mediterranean Riverine Area (2006)

Abstract Litter decomposition dynamics of three Mediterranean riverine species [Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn, Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl., and Populus x hybrida] was studied in a 2‐year experiment in the province of Guadalajara (Spain) using the litterbag technique. Decay rates of the litter were estimated by fitting a single exponential model to the litter decomposition data. At the end of the experiment (after 485 days), the remaining litter necromass varied in the following order: Populus x hybrida>Alnus glutinosa>Fraxinus angustifolia. Litter of the three species was fast degraded; ash litter was almost totally degraded at the end of the experiment. Alder had the highest concentrations of total nitrogen and ammonium in litter, and its pattern of degradation and release to the system was different to the other two litters. This could influence the soil nutrient contents in each system as was indicated by the soil nutrient values.