gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Neural Localization (2018)

Localization is the problem of estimating the location of an autonomous agent from an observation and a map of the environment. Traditional methods of localization, which filter the belief based on the observations, are sub-optimal in the number of steps required, as they do not decide the actions taken by the agent. We propose Neural Localizer, a fully differentiable neural network that learns to localize accurately and efficiently. The proposed model incorporates ideas of traditional filtering-based localization methods, by using a structured belief of the state with multiplicative interactions to propagate belief, and combines it with a policy model to localize accurately while minimizing the number of steps required for localization. Active Neural Localizer is trained end-to-end with reinforcement learning. We use a variety of simulation environments for our experiments which include random 2D mazes, random mazes in the Doom game engine and a photo-realistic environment in the Unreal game engine. The results on the 2D environments show the effectiveness of the learned policy in an idealistic setting while results on the 3D environments demonstrate the model's capability of learning the policy and perceptual model jointly from raw-pixel based RGB observations. We also show that a model trained on random textures in the Doom environment generalizes well to a photo-realistic office space environment in the Unreal engine.
Transfusion therapy by blood platelets derived from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (2008)

さまざまな出血性疾患や易出血病態において，血小板輸血が唯一の有効な治療法である．しかしながら，血小板は冷蔵保存ができず供給不足状態にある．また，献血者由来血液製剤を介した感染症は近年増加傾向にある．代わって献血者ドナーに頼らない輸血用血液のソースとして，無限に試験管内で増殖可能であるヒト胚性幹細胞（ES細胞）が提唱されている．筆者らはヒトES細胞からの血小板産生培養法を開発した．近年，樹立された誘導性多能性幹（iPS）細胞はES細胞同様の特性を持つため，患者由来iPS細胞からの輸血製剤産生も実現することが期待される．
1550-nm volume holography for optical communication devices (2000)

The two-lambda method can provide a strategic approach to implement all-optical devices for communication wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signal processing based on volume holography. By writing holograms at 488 nm in LiNbO/sub 3/:Fe and reading them in the third window of optical communication systems (1550 nm), the feasibility of WDM demultiplexers and holographic memories for digital bytes is here demonstrated.
Amino Acid Production:L‐Lysine (2009)

Abstract L ‐Lysine is an essential amino acid for humans and animals and is exclusively used as a feed additive for swine and poultry throughout the world, since most grains used for the feed are deficient in L ‐lysine in nutritional amino acid balance. This amino acid has been extensively produced by fermentation using gram‐positive coryneform bacteria including Corynebacterium glutamicum . To date, many studies on strain improvement have been carried out using various methods including conventional mutagenesis and screening, genetic engineering, and metabolic engineering. Recently, the complete genome sequence of C. glutamicum has been determined, and the genetic information is very valuable for strain development for higher performance, in coordination with various “omics” analyses. Besides C. glutamicum , other bacteria including Escherichia coli have also been considered as promising producers of amino acids with high interest. Together with strain development, the improvements of fermentation and purification technologies also contribute to the success of the industrial production of L ‐lysine. It is estimated that the current annual production of L ‐lysine is more than 850,000 metric tons throughout the world.
Formação docente em campo: uma experiência pedagógica e fruitiva da galeria de arte à sala de aula (2017)

Este texto/artigo é a sistematização, em certa medida, de uma unidade das ações coformadoras à iniciação à docência, efetivada dentro do Programa de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência – PIBID/Capes/UEL e em parceria com o CE Prof.ª Roseli Piotto Roehrig – Localizada na zona norte de Londrina, PR; donde toma-se por empréstimo as sínteses narrativas dos Professores em Formação, oriundas de seus relatos e planos de atividades e estes das narrativas dos alunos da escola, bem como os registros e observações. Tudo somado e sob a luz de um olhar contemporâneo ao ensino da Arte e para a Formação de Professores, resenhamos sobre a utopia da formação do professor/artista/pesquisador/intelectual. Neste sentido, a unidade a que mencionamos, se refere a uma experiência de aprendizado à docência dentro da própria prática pedagógica; onde Professores em Formação, orientados e acompanhados pelo Professor Coformador, implementam “Processos de Ensino” aos níveis possíveis de vivência e amadurecimento estético e pedagógico a partir de um eixo para as aulas: a experiência da “Fruição”, decorrentes de uma exposição de arte contemporânea, realizada na Galeria da Divisão de Artes Plásticas da UEL – DAP. Estes propósitos concatenados caminham por dois vetores convergentes: o Professor Coformador toma como suporte metodológico o “raciocínio reflexivo” sobre o fazer em arte em experiência-aulas, para conduzir os Iniciantes Docentes, estes, através da abordagem pedagógica da “ação mediadora”, proporcionam aos Alunos da Escola apropriações dos saberes em arte através da vivência fruitiva e, aqueles, os Iniciantes Docentes à apropriação dos saberes pedagógicos. Em suma, ações articuladas entre a Universidade e Escola e, por consequência, Professor Coformador, Professor em Formação e Espaços Culturais, é possível desenvolver ações qualificadas em Arte às formações dos futuros professores e dos alunos da escola.
Poor bone quality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving long-term bisphosphonate therapy for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: an iliac bone biopsy study (2021)

Abstract Background Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been shown to reduce the incidence of vertebral fractures during the first year or two of glucocorticoid (GC) treatments and are therefore recommended as a first-line treatment for the prevention and treatment of GC-induced osteoporosis (GIO). However, there are theoretical concerns about the long-term use of BPs in low-turnover osteoporosis caused by chronic GC therapy. Methods We analyzed the trabecular microarchitecture, bone metabolism, and material strength of bone biopsy samples from the iliac crest of female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving an average of 6.7 years of BP therapy for GIO (GIOBP group, n = 10), compared with those of age- and bone mineral density (BMD)-matched non-RA postmenopausal women with no history of anti-osteoporosis medication use (reference group, n=10). Results Patients in the GIOBP group had a significantly greater fracture severity index, as calculated by the sum of the Genant visual semiquantitative grading scores of vertebral fractures (T4-L5) compared with the reference patients. Micro-computed tomography analysis showed that the degree of mineralization and trabecular microarchitecture were significantly lower in the GIOBP group than in the BMD-matched reference patients. Patients in the GIOBP group exhibited lower bone contact stiffness, determined by micro-indentation testing, than in the reference group. The contact stiffness of the bone was negatively correlated with the fracture severity index and the daily prednisolone dosage. Immunohistochemistry and serum bone turnover markers showed decreased osteoclastic activity, impaired mineralization, and an increased fraction of empty lacunae in the GIOBP group. Conclusions Our findings indicate that patients with RA receiving long-term BP for GIO are still at high risk for fragility fractures because of poor bone quality.
Comment on “Power of Rare Diseases: Found in Translation” (2014)

The recent Perspective entitled "Power of rare diseases: Found in translation" undervalues the contributions of academic research in first-in-human studies.
Deoxyribonucleic acid modification by mutagenic 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole: The chemical events. (1984)

3-Amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4, 3-b] indole (Trp-P-2) is a mutagen/carcinogen isolated from a pyrolysate of L-tryptophan. The active metabolite of Trp-P-2, 3-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4, 3-b] indole (N-OH-Trp-P-2), was synthesized and the chemical reactions of N-OH-Trp-P-2 with deoxyribonucleic acid were investigated. The structure of the nucleic acid base covalently bound with Trp-P-2 was elucidated as 3-(C8-guanyl) amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4, 3-b] indole (Gua-Trp-P-2) by comparison with a synthetic sample. The initial chemical events in carcinogenesis caused by Trp-P-2 were established.
Counting single electrons in a CMOS circuit (2008)

We describe a device compatible with CMOS technology, which permits to detect a single charge by multiplying it to an easily measurable level. The device is a bipolar transistor optimized for the operation in the Geiger avalanche mode. A single electron, injected through the base- emitter junction, triggers avalanche breakdown in the collector- base junction. The breakdown is then rapidly stopped by a quenching circuit. This cycle produces a voltage pulse at the collector, which corresponds to the injection of a single electron. By counting the pulses, currents down to the atto-Ampere range are measured. The device can be used as a bitstream-generator in a delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter.
Platelet activating factor stimulates intracellular calcium transients in human neutrophils: involvement of endogenous 5-lipoxygenase products (1992)

Stimulation of human neutrophils with platelet activating factor (PAF) resulted in a transient elevation of free cytosolic calcium. Neutrophils exhibited a two-component calcium response observed as a double peak when stimulated with greater than 5 nM PAF. In contrast, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), C5a, or formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine stimulated only a single-peak calcium response. The double-peak calcium response was not elicited in human monocytes or differentiated U937 cells, which demonstrated a single peak. Pretreatment of neutrophils with a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor or a specific LTB4-receptor antagonist selectively blocked the second calcium peak. These results suggest that PAF-mediated activation of human neutrophils results in the activation of the 5-lipoxygenase and the subsequent generation of LTB4. This LTB4 in turn elicits a secondary rise in calcium, which contributes to the overall response of neutrophils of PAF. These results demonstrate how LTB4 participates in the cellular responses elicited by PAF in human neutrophils.
Multiomic analysis of oral keratinocytes chronically exposed to shisha (2019)

Our findings provide insights into genomic alterations and gene expression pattern associated with oral keratinocytes chronically exposed to shisha.
Robust and Flexible Micropatterned Electrodes and Micro‐Supercapacitors in Graphene–Silk Biopapers (2018)

Abstract Robust and flexible micro‐supercapacitors based upon a graphene oxide–silk layered bionanocomposite is reported. Generation of micropatterned electrodes with sub‐micrometer spatial resolution is accomplished using a novel resist‐stenciling technique, enabling the transfer of complex microcircuit designs to a graphene oxide–silk layered substrate as chemically reduced features microfeatures across wafer‐length scales. Resist‐stenciling can produce micropatterned reduction features with over ten times the feature density compared to techniques such as laser‐scribing or screen printing. As a proof‐of‐concept, resist‐stenciling is used to fabricate the first 2D micro‐supercapacitors integrated into a layered graphene bionanocomposite. These demonstrate a specific capacitance of ≈128 F g −1 , good capacitance retention under charge cycling (87.5% after 2000 cycles), and repeated mechanical bending without failure. Resist‐stenciling leverages tools currently in use by the microelectronics industry to enable the scalable, high‐resolution conversion of layered nanocomposites into microelectronic circuit, storage, and sensing elements.
Fibroblasts From Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Induce Apoptosis and Reduce the Migration Capacity of T Lymphocytes (2022)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and irreversible lung disease of unknown etiology. Myofibroblasts are organized in peculiar subepithelial fibroblasts foci (FF), where they abnormally persist and exclude lymphocytes by unclear mechanisms. FF are the source of an excessive extracellular matrix, which results in progressive stiffening and destruction of the lung architecture. We hypothesized that the absence of T cells inside the FF could be related, at least partially, to an inefficient function of lymphocytes induced by IPF fibroblasts. Here, we evaluated the effect of a supernatant from IPF fibroblasts on T-cell apoptosis and migration capacity. Data showed that IPF fibroblasts secrete pro-apoptotic molecules (both from extrinsic and intrinsic pathways), generating a microenvironment that induces apoptosis of T cells at 3 h of culture, despite a weak anti-apoptotic profile exhibited by these T cells. At 24 h of culture, the supernatants from both IPF and control fibroblasts provoked T-cell death. However, at this time of culture, IPF fibroblasts caused a marked decrease in T-cell migration; in contrast, control lung fibroblasts induced an increase of T-cell migration. The reduction of T-cell migratory capacity provoked by IPF fibroblasts was associated with a negative regulation of RHOA and ROCK, two essential GTPases for migration, and was independent of the expression of chemokine receptors. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that IPF fibroblasts/myofibroblasts induce apoptosis and affect T-cell migration, revealing a mechanism involved in the virtual absence of T lymphocytes inside the FF.
Feasibility, safety, and preliminary efficacy of a novel ePTFE‐covered self‐expanding stent in saphenous vein graft lesions: The Symbiot II trial (2005)

Compared with percutaneous interventions in native coronary arteries, revascularization of saphenous vein graft (SVG) lesions is associated with increased rates of immediate and long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE). The Symbiot II trial was a multicenter prospective study designed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel self-expanding polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)-covered stent in the treatment of de novo and restenotic SVG lesions. The primary endpoint was MACE through 30 days postprocedure. Successful Symbiot stent deployment was achieved in 75 of 77 patients (97.4%) with SVG lesions < or = 35 mm in length (visual assessment). The procedural success rate (defined as < 30% residual stenosis at the target site and no clinical complications) was 83%, and all study device procedures provided grade 3 TIMI flow postprocedure. Within the first 30 days postprocedure, four patients (5.2%) experienced MACE (defined as death, Q-wave or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, and clinically driven target vessel revascularization), of whom three patients (3.9%) experienced periprocedural non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. No subacute stent thrombosis was observed over the 6-month follow-up period. No relevant luminal loss at the target site (mean, 0.3 +/- 0.9 mm) was observed in the 58 patients (77.3% of enrolled patients) who underwent quantitative coronary angiography at 6 months. The incidences of binary in-stent restenosis, in-segment restenosis, and target vessel failure (defined as acute and late-term MACE through 6 months postprocedure) were low (7.0%, 8.6%, and 14.3%, respectively). The Symbiot self-expanding ePTFE membrane-covered stent was associated with a high procedural success rate (97.4%), low incidences of MACE at 30 days (5.2%) and 6 months (14.3%), suggesting that it is safe and effective in the treatment of SVG disease.
All-optical measurements of carrier dynamics in bulk-GaN LEDs: Beyond the ABC approximation (2017)

An all-optical measurement of differential carrier lifetimes is performed in a specially designed single-quantum-well structure. The measurement reveals the complex carrier-dependence of radiative and non-radiative recombinations, which directly manifest wavefunction-overlap and field-screening effects. This analysis clarifies the range of applicability of the common ABC model and its limitations.
Application of OFDM in the second generation DVB digital cable standard (DVB-C2) (2009)

Cable network operators provide a variety of different services, which include analogue and digital TV, video on demand (VoD) and also Internet access. The increasing number of these broadband services will require higher data rates that are not achievable in many of today's cable networks. The development of DVB-C2 has been finalized recently, providing an opportunity to upgrade these networks. One main reason for the increased spectral efficiency of DVB-C2 in comparison to DVB-C is the application of OFDM. Besides the higher spectral efficiency OFDM provides further advantages in terms of flexibility and robustness, which makes it an interesting choice for the second generation DVB cable transmission system.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Cellulolytic Thermophile\nClostridium thermocellum DSM1313 (2011)

Clostridium thermocellum DSM1313 is a thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium with some of the highest rates of cellulose hydrolysis reported. The complete genome sequence reveals a suite of carbohydrate-active enzymes and demonstrates a level of diversity at the species level distinguishing it from the type strain ATCC 27405.
Publisher’s Note: “High optical polarization ratio from semipolar ((202¯1¯)) blue-green InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 051109 (2011)] (2011)

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A Novel High-Resolution Surface Electrocardiographic Method to Identify and Characterize Myocardial Scar: A Proof-of-Concept Study (2021)

The EASE method appears to be of potential value as a novel intraoperative tool to guide LV lead placement to regions free of scar. Future work is required to validate the utility of this method in a larger patient cohort.
Flexible FSK Learning Demodulator (2018)

Frequency Shift Key (FSK) modulation formats have been widely used in wireless personal area networks such as Bluetooth LE and IEEE 802.15.4. FSK demodulation often involves nonlinear processing to recover phase or frequency information from the carrier. This complicates analysis and derivation of optimum detectors, but it is well suited to learning-based approaches such as neural networks. In this paper, we propose a neural network approach for the design of FSK Learning demodulators, or simply FSKL demodulators. FSKL demodulators offer several potential benefits, including adaptability to non-Gaussian, non-stationary, or non-linear channels. Their performance relative to conventional FSK demodulators is attractive for low-cost, low-power, wireless Internet-of-Things applications, and the flexible topology is a step toward more general, reconfigurable IP that supports multiple standards and allows performance updates as modeling and techniques improve.
Influence of a Neoglycolipid and Its PEO−Lipid Moiety on the Organization of Phospholipid Monolayers (2005)

The surface properties of the neoglycolipid (GlcNAcE(3)G(28)) and of its PEO-lipid (E(3)G(28)) moiety mixed with phospholipids (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, DPPC; distearoylphosphatidylcholine, DSPC; diarachidoylphosphatidylcholine, DAPC; and dibehenoylphosphatidylcholine, DBPC) were studied in Langmuir monolayers at various mixture compositions and surface pressures. The pi-A isotherms of the pure compounds revealed that because of the presence of the sugar group in its molecule, GlcNAcE(3)G(28) collapsed at a higher surface pressure and occupied a larger molecular area than the PEO-lipid moiety. It was also observed that the presence of the PEO-lipid (E(3)G(28)) in the mixtures triggered a strong alteration of both phospholipid pi-A isotherm profiles and surface diffraction spectra, an indication that the disordering of the initially structured phospholipid monolayers took place. Unlike E(3)G(28), GlcNAcE(3)G(28) did not disorganize phospholipid monolayers but generated a partial segregation of the film-forming components. The calculated excess free energies of mixing (DeltaG(exc)) for GlcNAcE(3)G(28)-phospholipid mixtures enabled us to predict the stability of such systems.
Stress measurements of transparent optical materials using a beam scanning modulated transmission ellipsometer (1989)

The principle of operation of the modulated transmission elipsometer (MTE) stress measurement technique and some specific thin film and bulk material systems that have been studied using the MTE are discussed. The MTE is an optical setup that uses a highly sensitive polarization modulation technique and an x-y galvanometer scanner for high speed mapping of internal stress birefringence in transparent optical materials. The MTE can measure stress generated retardances of the order of 0.01-160 nm in areas of from 50 × 50 μ m to 100 × 100 mm. This system also has the unique ability to recognize and actively subtract optical component stress by imparting a controlled retardance bias on the laser beam. The output can be displayed as a line scan, 3-D plot, or a color contour plot. The MTE has been used to observe internal stress in dielectric thin film/substrate systems such as Cu, Ta 2 O 5 , and Si, in various transparent substrate materials. Thin film multilayers of MgF 2 and ZnS on BK-7 substrates have been examined for stress as a function of predeposition and postdeposition parameters. The effects of stress on transparent Cu thin films on a glass substrate were studied by repeatedly stress mapping the system for varying levels of current through the Cu. Stress research has also been done on bulk materials such as strengthened glass, polymers, Nd:doped laser glass, and electrooptic crystals. The MTE has allowed us to compile a continually growing data base on the causes and effects of internal stress in thin film and bulk materials.
Development and Evaluation of High-Temperature Conformance Polymer Systems (2005)

Conformance polymer systems have been successfully applied for many years to control undesired water production from hydrocarbon wells. However, currently available polymer systems present a number of limitations for high-temperature conformance applications (> 300°F). Based on laboratory research, this paper documents the results of the development and evaluation of polymer gel systems used as sealants to shut off water production in high-temperature environments. The polymer systems were evaluated by their effectiveness to: (a) provide adequate gel time for placement (up to 400°F), (b) limit permeability to water at temperatures up to 375°F in sandpack flow experiments, and (c) provide long-term thermal stability in sandpack flow experiments at elevated temperature (up to one-year study).A commercially available polymer system that has been successfully used in field applications (up to 275°F) has been modified to extend its applicability up to 375°F. Recently developed base polymer, crosslinker, and retarder were tested successfully to extend the temperature range of applicability of this polymer system. Discussed are: (1) methodology used for gelation time measurement of polymer systems at elevated temperatures, and (2) laboratory results regarding gelation time of crosslinked polymer systems when varying temperature, base polymer concentration, crosslinker concentration, retarder concentration, salinity of mixing brine, and/or pH of solution.Additionally, this paper discusses and describes the dynamic flow through porous media experiments performed to simulate high-temperature / high-pressure reservoir conditions to evaluate the performance of polymer systems at elevated temperatures (up to 375°F). Specifically, this paper details: (1) the physical laboratory equipment and test conditions used for dynamic flow studies, (2) experimental procedure regarding short-term and long-term testing, and (3) the effect of temperature versus permeability reduction over time.