gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase attenuates psoriasis-like inflammation in mice through blockade of dendritic cell-Th17 inflammation axis (2018)

Psoriasis is a debilitating autoimmune disease of the skin characterized by acanthosis and hyperkeratosis resulting from excessive growth of keratinocytes in the epidermis and inflammatory infiltrates in the dermis. Innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), perform a critical role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis by presenting inflammatory/costimulatory signals for differentiation of Th17 cells. Recent studies point to the involvement of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) in inflammatory signaling cascade of DCs. However, it is yet to be determined whether SYK inhibition in DCs would lead to diminishment of psoriatic inflammation. Therefore, our study evaluated the effects of SYK inhibitor, R406 on imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like inflammation, expression of costimulatory/inflammatory molecules in DCs and their relationship with Th17/Treg cells. Our data show that R406 causes attenuation of IMQ-induced dermal inflammation as shown by reduction in ear/back skin thickness, acanthosis and myeloperoxidase activity. This was concurrent with reduction in inflammatory cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules in CD11c + DCs such as IL-6, IL-23, MHCII, and CD40. This favoured the suppression of Th17 cells and upregulation of Treg cells in R406-treated mice with psoriasis-like inflammation. Direct activation of TLR7 by IMQ in splenocytic cultures led to increased SYK expression in CD11c + DCs and release of IL-23/IL-6. IMQ-induced IL-6/IL-23 levels were significantly diminished by SYK inhibitor, R406 in splenocytic cultures. In essence, our study shows that SYK inhibition supresses psoriasis-like inflammation by modifying DC function in mice. Further, it implies that SYK inhibition could be a prospective therapeutic approach for the treatment of psoriasis-like inflammation.
On-Chip High-Resolution Timing Characterization Circuits for Memory IPs (2022)

A fully configurable and synthesizable timing characterization test-bench for memory IPs enables high resolution clk2q, setup, hold and cycle-time delay measurements. The timing test-bench features distributed regional capture FFs, mesh based low-skew clock and setup difference measurement across regional capture FFs to minimize error, multiple data/input delay generators to handle timing permutations across memory inputs, automated relative placement/pre-routing for matched layout and XORed clock delay generators to create multiple edges for measuring read after write delay/cycle time.
Introduction and initial exploration of an Active/Passive Exoskeleton framework for portable assistance (2015)

Assistive devices such as exoskeletons are capable of providing rehabilitative improvement and independence for individuals suffering from musculoskeletal conditions. Typical devices use either active assistance methods such as DC motors or passive methods such as springs. Active methods require a continuous power input, while passive methods are limited by user capability. This work introduces an Active/Passive EXoskeleton (APEX) framework. This device can passively provide continuous assistance, only requiring energy to change the dynamic properties of the passive state. The first prototype (APEX-α) is introduced and tested on six healthy subjects who performed hammer curls. It was found that changes in the passive state of the APEX-α affect the number of curls performed by an individual. By changing the passive state of the exoskeleton, increases in curl count of 65 - 92% were observed. This indicates the potential for such devices to provide assistance to an individual through the use of lightweight, energy efficient active/passive actuators.
Tackling business model challenges in SME internationalization through digitalization (2022)

Many SMEs aim for business development by diversifying their offerings to fit global markets. However, internationalization has consequences for all aspects of a company's business model. Even though internationalization poses many business model challenges, the recent development of digital technology is a key enabler of resource-efficient internationalization and business development, an innovation that SMEs find accommodating. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to analyze how digitalization can help to surmount the business model challenges associated with SME internationalization. This paper builds on an exploratory case study of 29 SMEs who have an internationalization strategy and are from sparsely populated areas in Finland and Sweden. For the data analysis, the first-order codes of different business model challenges of SME internationalization have been merged into second-order themes. The final step of the analysis involved ascertaining the overarching dimensions of these business model challenges. This paper identifies business model challenges related to value creation, delivery, and capture throughout the internationalization process. In addition, a framework is developed that matches digitalization activities with the business model challenges. Because there is no “one fits all” solution, this study matches specific digitalization activities with business model challenges that SMEs face when attempting to operate in international markets. These findings are important because they dissect digitalization into executable activities that SMEs find manageable.
Pump characteristic based optimization of a direct water cooling system for a 10 kW/500 kHz Vienna rectifier (2004)

A high power density 10 kW/500 kHz three-phase PWM rectifier (Vienna Rectifier) is under development. Due to preliminary measurements and numerical simulations the total efficiency is assumed to be 95% at full load, resulting in power losses of up to 150 W in each multi-chip power module realizing a bridge leg of the rectifier. In order to keep the power density of the system high direct water cooling is employed where water is in direct contact with the module base plate. Based on the measured characteristic of the water pump (pressure drop dependent on water flow) the geometry of different water channel structures below the module base plate is systematically optimized based on analytical expressions which are formulated based on the well-established theory of fluid dynamics. The design optimization is constrained by the desire to keep the geometry of the water channels in a range that allows simple and low-cost manufacturing. The aim is to find a channel structure resulting in a minimum thermal resistance of the power module for a given pump characteristic. In this paper a very simple slot channel is investigated. The dependency of the thermal resistance on the cooling system is calculated in dependency on the height of the slot channel, and an optimized channel height is found under the side condition of simple manufacturability. Discussing the shortcomings of the simple slot structure, a novel metallic inlay structure is introduced and optimized resulting in a reduction of the thermal resistance of the direct water cooling scheme as compared to the slot channel system. All theoretical considerations are verified via experimental measurements. The general optimization scheme introduced in this paper can easily be adapted to other cooling problems.
Aural environment adjustment for noise cancelling headphones employing early reverberation signature (2011)

The listening quality of noise cancelling headphones is compromised by the distortion of perceptual aural environment. We introduce signal processing algorithms that establish an amenable aural environment by embedding early reverberation signature to the residual noise. The authors also provide performance evaluations and a summary.
A Fourier Crosstalk Analysis of a Brain SPECT Imaging System-Initial Results (2018)

A joint research program at the universities of Arizona and Massachusetts (Medical school) is designing a next-generation, adaptive, dedicated brain-imaging, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system. It consists of multi-pinhole, modular gamma cameras arrayed around a hemisphere that encloses the volume of interest. The adaptive feature of the system stems from the capability of shuttering selected pinholes for each module. Critical to the design process is the ability to vary parameters such as the number, location and size of the pinholes and quantify their effects on system performance. One approach is to use the Fourier-crosstalk matrix (FXM) which is derived from the system matrix and can provide a modulation transfer function (MTF)-type measure of system resolution. An FXM-based study has been initiated to answer some of the questions regarding pinhole/detector placement in the proposed SPECT system. The initial work has entailed obtaining system matrices for individual detector modules and then deriving the FXM from it (via a multidimensional discrete Fourier transform (DFT)).
Hardware Toolkit for Rapid Prototyping of Antenna Tuning Systems (2019)

A hardware toolkit for rapid prototyping of antenna tuning systems utilizing an inverted-F antenna (IFA), short, feed and SPST-based (Single-pole Single throw) aperture tuning network is demonstrated. The aperture tuning network comprises an RF high voltage switch including a voltage detector with low harmonic feedback and a parallel inductor. The IC was fabricated in Infineon 130 nm bulk-CMOS RF switch technology. The hardware toolkit enables the measurements of the impedance at the feed, harmonics, RF voltage along the radiating element and impedance at aperture tuning port. The latter provides a mechanism for optimisation of load impedance at out-of-band frequencies which allows minimization of harmonic content generated by the tuning IC.
Desymmetrisation of a Centrosymmetric Molecule by Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation: Asymmetric Aldol Reactions of a Centrosymmetric Dialdehyde (2007)

The desymmetrisation of centrosymmetric molecules by enantioselective carbon-carbon bond formation has been reported for the first time. A bimetallic zinc catalyst developed by Trost was exploited in the desymmetrisation of a centrosymmetric dialdehyde. The approach was successful with a range of ketone nucleophiles and was uniformly highly diastereoselective (>98:<2). The yield and the enantioselectivity of the reaction varied as a function of the ketone used, and the desymmetrised products were obtained in up to 74 % yield and 97 % ee (ee=enantiomeric excess). The desymmetrisation of centrosymmetric molecules by enantioselective carbon-carbon bond formation is an efficient and convergent synthetic approach which is likely to find wide application in synthesis, particularly in the total synthesis of natural products with embedded centrosymmetric fragments.
Data from Superior Efficacy of a Combined Epigenetic Therapy against Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; A deregulated epigenome contributes to the transformed phenotype of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). This involves activity of the polycomb repressive complex (PRC) 2, containing three core proteins, EZH2, SUZ12, and EED, in which the SET domain of EZH2 mediates the histone methyltransferase activity. We determined the effects of 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), an &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitor, and/or pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (PS) on cultured and primary MCL cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Following treatment with DZNep and/or PS, apoptosis and the levels and activity of EZH2 and PRC2 proteins in cultured and primary MCL cells were determined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Treatment with DZNep depleted EZH2, SUZ12, and 3MeK27H3 in the cultured human MCL cells. DZNep also increased expression of p21, p27, and FBXO32, whereas it depleted Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E1 levels in MCL cells. In addition, DZNep treatment induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in cultured and primary MCL cells. Furthermore, as compared with treatment with each agent alone, cotreatment with DZNep and PS caused greater depletion of EZH2, SUZ12, 3MeK27H3, and Cyclin D1 levels, whereas it induced greater expression of FBXO32, p16, p21, and p27. Combined treatment with DZNep and PS synergistically induced apoptosis of cultured and primary MCL cells while relatively sparing normal CD34 + cells. Cotreatment with DZNep and PS also caused significantly greater inhibition of tumor growth of JeKo-1 xenografts in NOD/SCID mice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These preclinical &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; findings show that cotreatment with DZNep and PS is an active combined epigenetic therapy worthy of further &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; testing against MCL. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 18(22); 6227–38. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
(Invited) Cost-Effective Layer Transfer by Controlled Spalling Technology (2013)

Although historically studied as a failure mode, substrate spalling can be transformed into a versatile layer transfer method by carefully controlling the thickness and intrinsic stress of a surface layer, and mechanically guiding the fracture path. This Controlled Spalling process requires no specialized equipment and can be applied to essentially any brittle substrate. We have successfully demonstrated i) device fabrication in Si, Ge, and III-V based materials, ii) removal of fully-processed CMOS circuits, iii) kerf-free ingot slicing, iv) 300 mm diameter layer transfer and v) a wide range of other materials such as GaN grown on sapphire.
Role of Small Intestine and Gut Microbiome in Plant-Based Oral Tolerance for Hemophilia (2020)

Fusion proteins, which consist of factor VIII or factor IX and the transmucosal carrier cholera toxin subunit B, expressed in chloroplasts and bioencapsulated within plant cells, initiate tolerogenic immune responses in the intestine when administered orally. This approach induces regulatory T cells (Treg), which suppress inhibitory antibody formation directed at hemophilia proteins induced by intravenous replacement therapy in hemophilia A and B mice. Further analyses of Treg CD4<sup>+</sup> lymphocyte sub-populations in hemophilia B mice reveal a marked increase in the frequency of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>-</sup>FoxP3<sup>-</sup>LAP<sup>+</sup> T cells (but not of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>FoxP3<sup>+</sup> T cells) in the lamina propria of the small but not large intestine. The adoptive transfer of very small numbers of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>-</sup>LAP<sup>+</sup> Treg isolated from the spleen of tolerized mice was superior in suppression of antibodies directed against FIX when compared to CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> T cells. Thus, tolerance induction by oral delivery of antigens bioencapsulated in plant cells occurs via the unique immune system of the small intestine, and suppression of antibody formation is primarily carried out by induced latency-associated peptide (LAP) expressing Treg that likely migrate to the spleen. Tolerogenic antigen presentation in the small intestine requires partial enzymatic degradation of plant cell wall by commensal bacteria in order to release the antigen. Microbiome analysis of hemophilia B mice showed marked differences between small and large intestine. Remarkably, bacterial species known to produce a broad spectrum of enzymes involved in degradation of plant cell wall components were found in the small intestine, in particular in the duodenum. These were highly distinct from populations of cell wall degrading bacteria found in the large intestine. Therefore, FIX antigen presentation and Treg induction by the immune system of the small intestine relies on activity of a distinct microbiome that can potentially be augmented to further enhance this approach.
N‐chloro amides, lactams, carbamates, and imides. New classes of initiators for the metal‐catalyzed living radical polymerization of methacrylates (2005)

Abstract Metal‐catalyzed living radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated with N ‐chloro amides ( N ‐chloro N ‐ethyl propionamide, N ‐chloro benzanilide, N ‐chloro methylbenzamide, and N ‐chloro acetanilide), lactams ( N ‐chloro caprolactam and N ‐chloro 2‐pyrrolidinone), carbamates or urethanes ( N ‐chloro ethylcarbamate or N ‐chlorourethane), imides ( N ‐chloro phtalimide, N ‐chloro succinimide, trichloroisocyanuric acid, and N ‐chloro saccharin) and catalyzed with the self‐regulated catalytic system Cu 2 S/2,2′‐bipyridine is reported. The initiation efficiency of these initiators is determined by their structure. Regardless of the initiator efficiency, in all cases, poly (methyl methacrylate) with narrow molecular weight distribution and functionalized chain‐ends was obtained. These new classes of initiators open new strategies for the functionalization of polymer chain‐ends and for the synthesis of complex architectures by graft copolymerization initiated from N ‐chloro proteins, aliphatic, aromatic and semiaromatic polyamides, and polyurethanes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5283–5299, 2005
Action of 2,3‐butanedione monoxime on calcium signals in frog cut twitch fibres containing antipyrylazo III. (1991)

1. The effects of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on the optical retardation and myoplasmic Ca2+ signal were studied in twitch fibres of Rana temporaria. The myoplasmic Ca2+ transient in response to action potential stimulation was monitored in cut fibres containing Antipyrylazo III under current clamp in a double Vaseline-gap chamber. 2. In fibres not stretched adequately to suppress all the contraction, BDM blocked the movement-related intrinsic optical signal at 810 nm very effectively. 3. In fibres stretched to sarcomere lengths greater than or equal to 4 microns to reduce the contraction to below detectable levels, the effect of BDM on the Ca(2+)-Antipyrylazo III signal was studied after correcting for the instrinsic signal unrelated to movement. With increasing concentrations of BDM, the peak of the Ca(2+)-Antipyrylazo III signal was suppressed progressively. Concomitantly, the half-width was prolonged somewhat. On average, 5, 10 and 20 mM-BDM reduced the peak amplitude to 88, 78 and 54% of control, respectively. 4. BDM had no effect on the rising phase or the peak amplitude of the retardation signal measured at 720 nm, but suppressed the undershoot in the decay phase of the signal in a dose-dependent manner. BDM also had no effect on the late pedestal level of the signal. 5. During repetitive stimulation by a train of ten action potentials, 10 mM-BDM suppressed the second to the tenth peaks of the Ca2+ signal and of the retardation signal more effectively than the first peak. Twenty millimolar BDM almost completely suppressed the later peaks of both signals such that the signals decayed with a time course similar to that elicited by a single action potential. 6. The effect of BDM on the Ca(2+)-Antipyrylazo III signal was also studied in fibres under voltage clamp; 10 mM-BDM lowered the threshold for the Ca(2+)-Antipyrylazo III transient by a few millivolts and reduced the steepness of the peak amplitude versus voltage plot near threshold. 7. Based on a model used by Baylor, Chandler & Marshall (1983) to estimate the net Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, 10 and 20 mM-BDM were found to reduce the peak release to 75 and 52%, to prolong the half-width of the release waveform to 118 and 147%, and to reduce the peak uptake to 76 and 54% of control values, respectively. 8. It is concluded that BDM affects the optical retardation and myoplasmic Ca2+ signal monitored with Antipyrylazo III in a dose-dependent manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Multiparameter mechanical and morphometric screening of cells (2016)

We introduce a label-free method to rapidly phenotype and classify cells purely based on physical properties. We extract 15 biophysical parameters from cells as they deform in a microfluidic stretching flow field via high-speed microscopy and apply machine-learning approaches to discriminate different cell types and states. When employing the full 15 dimensional dataset, the technique robustly classifies individual cells based on their pluripotency, with accuracy above 95%. Rheological and morphological properties of cells while deforming were critical for this classification. We also show the application of this method in accurate classifying cells based on their viability, drug screening and detecting populations of malignant cells in mixed samples. We show that some of the extracted parameters are not linearly independent, and in fact we reach maximum classification accuracy by using only a subset of parameters. However, the informative subsets could vary depending on cell types in the sample. This work shows the utility of an assay purely based on intrinsic biophysical properties of cells to identify changes in cell state. In addition to a label-free alternative to flow cytometry in certain applications, this work, also can provide novel intracellular metrics that would not be feasible with labeled approaches (i.e. flow cytometry).
Packet testing in free-space optical communication links over water (2006)

NRL's Chesapeake Bay lasercom test facility (LCTF) offers a variety of ranges for researching free-space optical laser communication (FSO lasercom) links in a maritime environment. This paper discusses link performance over the 16 km one-way range at the LCTF. There are several methods to determine the link quality in FSO lasercom. Bit-error-rate (BER) testing and packet testing are two possible methods. Since errors generally tend to occur in bursts in FSO channels, packet testing may offer a better indication of the quality of service (QoS) rather than BER testing. Link performance measured via packet testing is being investigated in a variety of atmospheric conditions. Results of these experiments will be presented.
Automatic identification of tinnitus malingering based on overt and covert behavioral responses during psychoacoustic testing (2022)

Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, is a prevalent condition that imposes a substantial health and financial burden on the patient and to society. The diagnosis of tinnitus, like pain, relies on patient self-report, which can complicate the distinction between actual and fraudulent claims. Here, we combined tablet-based self-directed hearing assessments with neural network classifiers to automatically differentiate participants with tinnitus (N = 24) from a malingering cohort, who were instructed to feign an imagined tinnitus percept (N = 28). We identified clear differences between the groups, both in their overt reporting of tinnitus features, but also covert differences in their fingertip movement trajectories on the tablet surface as they performed the reporting assay. Using only 10 min of data, we achieved 81% accuracy classifying patients and malingerers (ROC AUC = 0.88) with leave-one-out cross validation. Quantitative, automated measurements of tinnitus salience could improve clinical outcome assays and more accurately determine tinnitus incidence.
Modeling molecular effects on plasmon transport: Silver nanoparticles with tartrazine (2011)

Modulation of plasmon transport between silver nanoparticles by a yellow fluorophore, tartrazine, is studied theoretically. The system is studied by combining a finite-difference time-domain Maxwell treatment of the electric field and the plasmons with a time-dependent parameterized method number 3 simulation of the tartrazine, resulting in an effective Maxwell∕Schrödinger (i.e., classical∕quantum) method. The modeled system has three linearly arranged small silver nanoparticles with a radius of 2 nm and a center-to-center separation of 4 nm; the molecule is centered between the second and third nanoparticles. We initiate an x-polarized current on the first nanoparticle and monitor the transmission through the system. The molecule rotates much of the x-polarized current into the y-direction and greatly reduces the overall transmission of x-polarized current.