gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple prediction of substituent sensitivity (.rho.+) for carbocations (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple prediction of substituent sensitivity (.rho.+) for carbocationsWilliam L. JorgensenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 11, 3840–3842Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00453a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00453a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hypertrophy in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis: Effect of TGF-β Isoforms and Chondrogenic Conditioning (2010)

Induction of chondrogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with TGF-beta leads to a hypertrophic phenotype. The hypertrophic maturation of the chondrocytes is dependent on the timed removal of TGF-beta and sensitive to hypertrophy-promoting agents in vitro. In this study, we have investigated whether TGF-beta3, which has been shown to be more prochondrogenic compared to TGF-beta1, similarly enhances terminal differentiation in an in vitro hypertrophy model of chondrogenically differentiating MSCs. In addition, we tested the impact of the time of chondrogenic conditioning on the enhancement of hypertrophy. MSCs were chondrogenically differentiated in pellet culture in medium containing TGF-beta1 or TGF-beta3. After 2 or 4 weeks, chondrogenic medium was switched to hypertrophy-inducing medium for 2 weeks. Aggregates were analyzed histologically and biochemically on days 14, 28 and 42. The switch to hypertrophy medium after 14 days induced hypertrophic cell morphology and significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity compared to the chondrogenesis only control using both TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3. After 28 days predifferentiation, differences between hypertrophic and control groups diminished compared to 14 days predifferentiation. In conclusion, chondrogenic conditioning with both TGF-beta isoforms similarly induced hypertrophy in our experiment and allowed the enhancement of the hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype by hypertrophic medium. Enhancement of hypertrophy was seen more clearly after the shorter chondrogenic conditioning. Therefore, to utilize this experimental model as a tool to study hypertrophy in MSC chondrogenesis, a predifferentiation period of 14 days is recommended.
Hydrogen Embrittlement in Oil Country Tubular Goods and Line Pipes (2000)

OCTG (Oil Country Tubular Goods) and line pipes used for production and transportation of oil and gas are the major steel products which suffer hydrogen embrittlement (HE) because they are often exposed to wet hydrogen sulfide (sour) environments, where a lot of hydrogen enters the steel. Typical damage types of HE are hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) and sulfide stress cracking (SSC). First, hydrogen uptake behavior of the steel in sour environments are explained. Concerning HIC and SSC, their mechanisms and metallurgical controlling factors are outlined. Finally it would be understood that developments of OCTG and line pipes resistant to sour have promoted steel production technology for these several decades.
Organic light-emitting devices with extended operating lifetimes on plastic substrates (2002)

We fabricate long-lived organic light-emitting devices using a 175 μm thick polyethylene terephthalate substrate coated with an organic–inorganic multilayered barrier film and compare the rate of degradation to glass-based devices. The observed permeation rate of water vapor through the plastic substrate was estimated to be 2×10−6 g/m2/day. Driven at 2.5 mA/cm2, we measure a device lifetime of 3800 h from an initial luminance of 425 cd/m2.
Analytical solutions for N interacting electron system confined in graph of coupled electrostatic semiconductor and superconducting quantum dots in tight-binding model (2020)

Analytical solutions for a tight-binding model are presented for position-based charge qubits and N-interacting qubits realized by quasi-one-dimensional network of coupled quantum dots (QD) expressed by connected or disconnected graphs of any topology in two and three dimensions where one electron is present at each separated graph. Electron(s) quantum dynamical state is described under various electromagnetic circumstances with omission spin degree-of-freedom. The action of Hadamard and phase-rotating gates is given by analytical formulas derived and formulated for any case of a physical field evolution preserving the occupancy of a two-energetic-level system. The interface between a superconducting Josephson junction and semiconductor position-based qubit implemented in coupled semiconductor QDs is described, which can be the base for electrostatic interface between superconducting and semiconductor quantum computer. Modification of Andreev Bound State in Josephson junction by the presence of semiconductor qubit in its proximity and electrostatic interaction with superconducting qubit is supported by the minimalistic tight-binding model that also can indicate topological phase transition. The obtained results can be generalized for a case of electrostatic interaction of the semiconductor qubit with the different types of Josephson junctions. The operation of phase rotating gate implemented in semiconductor position-based qubit with use of electrical and magnetic field is presented with use of analytical approach.
Tracking performance of a stochastic gradient algorithm for transmit antenna weight adaptation with feedback (2002)

The tracking performance of a transmit antenna weight adaptation algorithm applied in a fading channel is considered. The system uses a stochastic gradient algorithm incorporating gradient sign feedback from a receiving unit to adjust the transmit weights. The feedback is simply a bit indicating which of two normalized perturbed transmission weights delivers greater power to the receiver. A reasonable performance measure is defined and an analytic estimate of the performance in an AR1 vector fading channel is derived and compared to simulations.
Looking for a differential vulnerability of specific thalamic nuclei in multiple sclerosis (2023)

Thalamus is one of the first grey matter structure affected in multiple sclerosis (MS). It could undergo a differential vulnerability predominating on nuclei closer to the third ventricle due to pro-inflammatory factors brought by cerebrospinal fluid.First, we validated an atlas-based segmentation method that enables thalamic segmentation over conventional T1 weighted images. Then, using this segmentation method, we brought evidence for a medio-lateral gradient of thalamic atrophy in MS. While less affected, the anterior group was found useful to distinguish cognitively preserved from cognitively impaired patients. This paves the way toward more thalamic nuclei analyses in MS as new biomarkers.
Bladder cancer organoid image analysis: textured-based grading (2021)

Bladder cancer has high recurrence rates, which leads to treatment difficulties and reduced survival. Field cancerization is the prevailing idea for why bladder cancers recur with high frequency, and it centers around genetic and epigenetic changes in tissue that lead to conditions favoring recurrence. However, the specifics of these alterations are not well understood or described. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been implicated as a strong proponent of oncogenesis in many organ systems, including the bladder. The TME comprises stromal cells, paracrine factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which may contribute to field cancerization. As such, identifying the hallmarks of these alterations may expedite the prognosis of recurrence. For this purpose, we fabricated bladder cancer organoids of varied cancer grades, with which we developed a texture-based grading system. Image texture is characterized by filtering images and finding their similarity. The similar images are clustered, and the cumulative histogram of clusters is formed to find the closest training image. In two independent image data sets of 54 and 76 images, respectively, with different imaging protocols, 100% and 92% accuracy were achieved.
A 0.18μm CMOS 1000 frames/sec, 138dB Dynamic Range Readout Circuit for 3D-IC IR Focal Plane Arrays (2006)

A prototype of a new high dynamic range readout scheme targeted for 3D-IC IR focal plane arrays is described. Dynamic range is extended using synchronous self-reset while high SNR is maintained using few non-uniformly spaced captures and least-squares fit to estimate pixel photocurrent. The prototype comprises of a 16times5 readout pixel array fabricated in a 0.18μmum CMOS process and achieves 138dB dynamic range and 60dB peak SNR at 1000 frames/sec with energy consumption of 25.5nJ per pixel readout.
Supplementary Figure S6 from Tumor Cell–Driven Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Drives Haptotaxis during Metastatic Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S6. MenaINV-driven ECM reorganization in vitro and in vivo.&lt;/p&gt;
17 GHz transceiver design in 0.13 μm CMOS (2005)

The paper presents the research work towards a fully integrated 17 GHz transceiver in 0.13 /spl mu/m standard CMOS. The simultaneous challenge of high-integration, highest frequency and low-voltage design is solved combining optimized on-chip passives and RF circuit techniques with a double-conversion sliding RF-architecture. Three measured chips clearly demonstrate the feasibility of a CMOS transceiver at highest frequency. A fully integrated /spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/ 13 GHz PLL consumes 60 mW from 1.5 V supply. The complete RF RX-path features a gain of 37 dB, IIP3 of -37 dBm and an SSB NF of 9.3 dB, consuming 180.8 mW from 1.5 V supply. A first TX path test-chip includes the second modulator and linear output driver. Consuming 93 mW from 1.5 V supply, it features a gain of 4 dB and an OIP3 of 13 dBm.
Electrical conductivity imaging via contactless measurements: Data acquisition systems developed in METU Brain Research Laboratories (2009)

In this study, performance results of data acquisition systems realized for ldquoelectrical conductivity imaging of biological tissues via contactless measurementrdquo, a new imaging modality developed in METU Brain Research Laboratories, are presented. Each system, employing magnetic induction-magnetic measurements technique, obtains conductivity data from the object to be imaged via contactless measurements and sends the data to the PC. The operating frequencies of the systems are between 10-100 kHz. The sensor types used in the systems are: 1) differential coil, 2) single coil, and 3) array coils. It is observed from the experiments that all of the systems are sensitive to the conductivity variations around the average tissue conductivity of 0.2 S/m. The results reveal the clinical potential of the relatively novel imaging modality developed in METU Brain Research Laboratories.
Supported Nickel Zeolite Catalyst for Oxidative Conversion of Methane: Effect of Heteroatoms in the Zeolite Framework on Its Physicochemical and Catalytic Properties (2021)

Abstract Supported nickel CHA-type zeolites with different framework compositions including borosilicate, gallosilicate and aluminosilicate were synthesized. The effect of heteroatoms in the framework on the state of the Ni species introduced was investigated. The size and dispersibility of the Ni species differed greatly depending on the heteroatom in the zeolite framework, and the use of the aluminosilicate-type framework led to the formation of a highly dispersed and nano-sized Ni species. Thus, prepared Supported Ni CHA-type aluminosilicate exhibited the highest catalytic performance in oxidative conversion of CH4.
Replication Data for: Extraction of Au(III) by Microbially-Reduced Metal-Organic Frameworks (2021)

Gold is a critical resource in the jewelry and electronics industries and is facing increased consumer demand. Accordingly, methods for its extraction from waste effluents and environmental water sources have been sought to supplement existing mining infrastructure. Redox-mediated treatments, such as Fe(II)-based platforms, offer promise for precipitating soluble Au(III). We hypothesized that microbial generation of Fe(II) in the presence of sorbent metal-organic frameworks could capitalize on advantages of both biological- and chemical-driven extraction approaches. Towards this aim, we tested Au(III) removal by Shewanella oneidensis cultured with Fe(III)-based materials (ferrihydrite, Fe-BTC, MIL-100, or MIL-127). Across all tested materials, S. oneidensis generated the highest levels of redox-active Fe(II) when cultured with MIL-127 as a respiratory substrate. This translated into superior Au(III) removal performance, both in terms of removal rate and capacity. Unlike other materials tested, MIL-127 also maintained cell viability following repeated Au(III) challenges, enabling the regeneration of Fe(II) in the framework. Together, these effects facilitated the treatment of multiple cycles of Au(III) by S. oneidensis-reduced MIL-127. Overall, this work demonstrates that microbial generation of Fe(II) can facilitate removal of Au(III), augmenting purely adsorptive platforms. Given the biological and chemical modularity of our system, our results suggest that future optimizations to microbial Fe(II) generation may offer promise for improving Au(III) extraction processes.
Donor-transmitted pneumonia in experimental lung allografts. Successful prevention with donor antibiotic therapy. (1992)

Bacterial pneumonia is the most common cause of early morbidity and mortality (less than 2 weeks) after heart-lung transplantation. The majority (76%) of cultures taken from human donor tracheas at the time of explant grew bacteria. The abnormal immune response of the lung allograft and the common finding of bacterial contamination of lung donors led us to hypothesize that clinically silent bacterial contamination of the donor lung progresses to pneumonia in the recipient and that antibiotic treatment of donors will prevent the development of pneumonia in the recipient. Inocula of Streptococcus pneumoniae were instilled into the left middle lobe of normal and donor dogs to identify the number of bacteria that would result in pneumonia in a normal animal and the amount that, when given to a donor, would result in pneumonia in the recipient. Initial studies established that inocula of 10(4) colony-forming units of S. pneumoniae did not result in pneumonia in normal or immunosuppressed animals. When 10(4) colony-forming units or as few as 10(2) were instilled into the left middle lobe of donors 24 hours before explantation and use of the lung for transplantation, severe acute bronchopneumonia developed in all 18 recipients. Treatment of donors with aerosol and intravenous antibiotics, but not with either alone, prevented pneumonia in the recipients. We conclude that bacterial contamination of the donor lung leads to pneumonia in recipients. Intravenous and aerosol antibiotic treatment of donors with bacterial contamination prevents pneumonia in canine lung recipients. Treatment of human donors with this antibiotic regimen may decrease the prevalence of early bacterial pneumonia.
A Microdischarge-Based Deflecting-Cathode Pressure Sensor in a Ceramic Package (2012)

This paper describes a microdischarge-based pressure sensor for harsh liquid environments that utilizes a ceramic package sealed with a deflecting diaphragm that also serves as a cathode. Located within the package is a reference cathode and an anode. The microdischarges are created between the two cathodes and the anode. The external pressure deflects the diaphragm, varying the interelectrode spacing and changing the differential current between the two competing cathodes. The electrodes are fabricated from a Ni foil and separated by dielectric spacers within a micromachined glass cavity. The structures are enclosed within a 1.6-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ceramic surface mount package. Device sensitivity is approximately 4900 ppm/ lbf/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (72 000 ppm/atm), and diaphragm displacement is approximately 0.15 μm/atm.
Generating FN3‐Based Affinity Reagents Through Phage Display (2018)

Antibodies are useful tools for detecting individual proteins in complex samples and for learning about their location, amount, binding partners, and function in cells. Unfortunately, generating antibodies is time consuming and laborious, and their affinity and/or specificity is often limited. This protocol offers a fast and inexpensive alternative to generate antibody surrogates through phage display of a library of fibronectin type III (FN3) monobody variants and affinity selection for binders. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analytical and Experimental Comparison of Packet Loss Recovery Methods Based on AMR-WB for VoIP (2009)

Forward error control (FEC) and multiple description coding (MDC) are two classical techniques to resist packet loss for voice over IP (VoIP). AMR-WB codec has been standardized for wideband speech conversational applications and has widely potential applications in the migration of wireless or wired networks toward a single converged IP network. However, how to choose the optimal FEC or MDC for AMR-WB in different loss rate conditions is an unexplored option. In this paper, we compare the performance of different FEC and MDC techniques for AMR-WB codec both analytically and experimentally. Based on the comparison results, some practical configurations of FEC and MDC for AMR-WB codec are obtained.
Polymorphism controls the degree of charge transfer in a molecularly doped semiconducting polymer (2018)

Jacobs <italic>et al.</italic> present the first observation of both fractional and integer charge transfer phases in a single OSC:dopant system.
Minimizing Surface Plasmas in High Power Microwave Sources (2011)

Abstract : This final technical report reviews the research activities during the period of this grant, emphasizing the final year. The effects of surface roughness on secondary electron emission were investigated for copper. The surface of copper samples were modified using a high-power Nd-YAG laser, where the degree of surface modification depended on the duration and intensity of the laser exposure. Four different levels of modification were tested, in addition to the unmodified sample. Minor modification resulted in the biggest effect, significantly reducing the secondary electron emission. However, this effect only holds true for very low electron dose, where dose is the incident charge per unit area. For higher dose levels those commensurate with technical materials in applied situations there was negligible effect of surface roughness on secondary electron emission. The data set presented here seeks to quantify the effect of surface roughness with further gradations than is accounted for in the semi-empirical formulae in the literature.
The use of male or female voices in warnings systems: a question of acoustics. (2004)

Speech warnings and communication systems are increasingly used in noisy, high workload environments. An important decision in the development of such systems is the choice of a male or a female speaker. There is little objective evidence to support this decision, although there are many misconceptions and misunderstandings on this topic. This paper suggests that both acoustic and non-acoustic differences (such as social attributions towards speakers of different sexes) between male and female speakers is negligible, therefore the choice of speaker should depend on the overlap of noise and speech spectra. Female voices do however appear to have an advantage in that they can portray a greater range of urgencies because of their usually higher pitch and pitch range. An experiment is reported showing that knowledge about the sex of a speaker has no effect on judgements of perceived urgency, with acoustic variables accounting for such differences.
Track processing optimizations for different EUV resist platforms: preparing for a NXE:3300 baseline process (2013)

To make sure a baseline process will be ready for the evaluation of the NXE:3300, imec evaluates promising new EUV resist materials with regards to imaging, process window and line width roughness (LWR) performance. From those screening evaluations, highest performing materials meeting dose sensitivity requirements are selected to be installed on the coat/develop track. This work details the process optimization results of the different selected resist platforms with regards to full wafer processing. Evaluations are executed on the ASML NXE:3100 equipped with a laser-assisted discharge produced plasma source from XTREME technologies, and interfaced to a TEL CLEAN TRACKTM LITHIUS ProTM -EUV.
Fraunhofer diffraction by vibrating optical slits on the surface of a NS-GT cut quartz crystal resonator (2003)

When a plane light wave is incident on the n-slit, the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern will be obtained after the n-slit, where n is the number of slits. In this experiment, the n-slit is made on the surface of a NS-GT cut quartz crystal resonator as exciting electrode. The quartz crystal resonator is vibrating at resonant mechanical frequency; the slit width and the distance between slits are vibrated with the resonator. Fraunhofer diffraction patterns contain information on the vibration of the quartz resonator. This phenomenon was named dynamic Fraunhofer diffraction. If a photomultiplier is placed at after the n-slit, a.c. components of the dynamic Fraunhofer diffraction are detected, and distribution patterns of these a.c. components could be taken. This phenomenon can be applied to the dynamic light beam splitter, to evaluate the vibration modes of the resonators, etc.