gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Profile of the pan-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor/Tyrosine Kinase with Immunoglobulin and Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Homology Domains 2 (VEGF-R/TIE-2) Inhibitor 11-(2-Methylpropyl)-12,13-dihydro-2-methyl-8-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-4H-indazolo[5,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazol-4-one (CEP-11981): A Novel Oncology Therapeutic Agent (2011)

A substantial body of evidence supports the utility of antiangiogenesis inhibitors as a strategy to block or attenuate tumor-induced angiogenesis and inhibition of primary and metastatic tumor growth in a variety of solid and hematopoietic tumors. Given the requirement of tumors for different cytokine and growth factors at distinct stages of their growth and dissemination, optimal antiangiogenic therapy necessitates inhibition of multiple, complementary, and nonredundant angiogenic targets. 11-(2-Methylpropyl)-12,13-dihydro-2-methyl-8-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-4H-indazolo[5,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazol-4-one (11b, CEP-11981) is a potent orally active inhibitor of multiple targets (TIE-2, VEGF-R1, 2, and 3, and FGF-R1) having essential and nonredundant roles in tumor angiogenesis and vascular maintenance. Outlined in this article are the design strategy, synthesis, and biochemical and pharmacological profile for 11b, which completed Phase I clinical assessing safety and pharmacokinetics allowing for the initiation of proof of concept studies.
Repolarizing K+Currents in Nonfailing Human Hearts (1995)

We conclude that the major repolarizing K+ currents in normal human ventricular myocytes are IK1 and Ito1 and that the properties of Ito1 of subendocardial cells isolated from the right interventricular septum are more similar to subepicardial cells than to subendocardial cells of the LV free wall. The similar electric properties shared by myocytes from these two regions may be functionally important inasmuch as the right side of the interventricular septum functions as an extension of the subepicardium of the left ventricle during the contractile cycle.
Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a Haemophilus influenzae type b lipooligosaccharide synthesis gene(s) that encodes a 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid epitope (1990)

The composition of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) can modify the virulence of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). A genomic library of Hib strain A2 was constructed in the lambda bacteriophage EMBL3. Twenty-six phage clones expressed a Hib LOS oligosaccharide epitope in Escherichia coli that was detected by the monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6E4. None of the clones bound a polyclonal sera specific for Hib A2 LOS or an anti-H. influenzae lipid A MAb. One clone, designated EMBLOS-1, assembled an oligosaccharide with an apparent molecular weight of 1,400 (the 1.4K oligosaccharide) on a 4.1K lipopolysaccharide (LPS) species in E. coli LE392 and produced a novel 5.5K LPS that bound 6E4. Binding of 6E4 to the 5.5K EMBLOS-1 LPS band was abolished by treatment with sodium metaperiodate but was not affected by digestion with proteinase K, confirming the carbohydrate nature of the epitope. The EMBLOS-1 Haemophilus insert hybridized to similar restriction fragments in type b and nontypeable strains regardless of whether they expressed the 6E4 epitope. The 6E4 epitope did not undergo phase variation in Hib strain A2 at a frequency of greater than 10(-3). The oligosaccharide of the Salmonella minnesota Re mutant and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid (KDO) inhibited binding of 6E4 to Hib A2 LOS. We conclude that a gene(s) encoding an enzyme(s) that assembles a stable Hib LOS epitope containing KDO is conserved in H. influenzae and that the cloned Hib LOS synthesis gene products assemble a Hib LOS epitope on an E. coli K-12 LPS core.
Computational Photography: Mastering New Techniques for Lenses, Lighting, and Sensors (2009)

Thoracic pedicle anatomy (interpedicular distance, transverse and sagittal pedicle widths, transverse and sagittal pedicle angles, and the distance from the axis of the pedicle to the axis of the transverse process) was assessed in 11 cadavers of elderly people. The cadaveric spines were extensively dissected to augment the accuracy of the measurements via caliper and goniometer. The results were compared with those of previous studies that assessed pedicle anatomy with computed tomography, direct measurement, and three-dimensional morphometry. Between the studies, significant differences were found in transverse pedicle width and transverse and sagittal pedicle angles. These morphometric differences may reflect either the diversity of the techniques used to measure the pedicle anatomy or sampling variation. This article presents a previously unreported morphometric finding, the rostral-caudal distance from the thoracic pedicle to the midpoint of the base of the transverse process. At T1, the transverse process is 5.45 +/- 1.2 mm rostral to the pedicle. This relationship gradually changes as the thoracic spine is descended, so that at T12, the transverse process is 6.6 +/- 2.4 mm caudal to the pedicle. Crossover consistently occurs at the T6-T7 region. Although the transverse process is a reliable external landmark for the location of the pedicle in the lumbar spine, this relationship in the thoracic spine is variable and only moderately predictable.
An analytic volterra-series-based model for a MEMS variable capacitor (2003)

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) components are gradually finding their way in communication applications. To fully understand their behavior in electrical circuits, an interpretable model is required that, in addition, can be simulated efficiently. This paper presents a model for a MEMS variable capacitor (varicap), that can be evaluated much more efficiently and equally accurate during circuit simulation than the differential equations that are normally used to describe this component. The model, based on Volterra series, describes the frequency dependence (e.g., the mechanical resonance) in combination with the nonlinear behavior of the MEMS varicap. The model is simple enough such that it can be interpreted by designers who want to use the MEMS varicap in RF communication circuits.
A New Calmodulin-Binding Protein Expresses in the Context of Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Impacts Biomass Properties in Populus (2018)

A greater understanding of biosynthesis, signaling and regulatory pathways involved in determining stem growth and secondary cell wall chemistry is important for enabling pathway engineering and genetic optimization of biomass properties. The present study describes a new functional role of <i>PdIQD10</i>, a <i>Populus</i> gene belonging to the IQ67-Domain1 family of <i>IQD</i> genes, in impacting biomass formation and chemistry. Expression studies showed that <i>PdIQD10</i> has enhanced expression in developing xylem and tension-stressed tissues in <i>Populus deltoides</i>. Molecular dynamics simulation and yeast two-hybrid interaction experiments suggest interactions with two calmodulin proteins, CaM247 and CaM014, supporting the sequence-predicted functional role of the PdIQD10 as a calmodulin-binding protein. PdIQD10 was found to interact with specific <i>Populus</i> isoforms of the Kinesin Light Chain protein family, shown previously to function as microtubule-guided, cargo binding and delivery proteins in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. Subcellular localization studies showed that PdIQD10 localizes in the nucleus and plasma membrane regions. Promoter-binding assays suggest that a known master transcriptional regulator of secondary cell wall biosynthesis (PdWND1B) may be upstream of an <i>HD-ZIP III</i> gene that is in turn upstream of <i>PdIQD10</i> gene in the transcriptional network. RNAi-mediated downregulation of <i>PdIQD10</i> expression resulted in plants with altered biomass properties including higher cellulose, wall glucose content and greater biomass quantity. These results present evidence in support of a new functional role for an <i>IQD</i> gene family member, <i>PdIQD10</i>, in secondary cell wall biosynthesis and biomass formation in <i>Populus.</i>
Determination of the effective correlation energy of defects in semiconductors (1985)

A Comment on the Letter by Z. Vardeny and J. Tauc, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1844 (1985).Received 20 May 1985DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.138©1985 American Physical Society
A novel radio resource allocation scheme with delay considerations for OFDMA wireless networks (2010)

In this paper, we propose an adaptive cross-layer radio resource allocation (CL_ARRA) scheme, which is compatible with the IEEE 802.16e-2005 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) air interface. The scheme comprises two steps: dynamic subcarrier allocation (DSA) and dynamic power allocation (DPA). Using DSA and DPA, we obtain a cross-layer function to maximize the system throughput and average delay performance under specific constraints. Unlike conventional methods that require different frequency resources for neighboring cells, our scheme allows overlapped cells to share the same frequency resource and reduces transmission collisions. In addition, our scheme incorporates a delay component to support real-time traffic. The performance of our scheme is validated by analytical and simulation results. It will be shown that CL_ARRA is superior to the proportional fair scheduler in 802.16e OFDMA because it takes into consideration of not only the channel state information but also the queue state information.
062 Transnitrosylation in Nitric Oxide-Mediated Penile Erection (2017)

Nitric oxide (NO) signaling can be mediated not only through classic 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate but also through S-nitrosylation. However, the impact of S-nitrosylation on erectile function and NO regulation and oxidative stress in the penis remains poorly understood. We evaluated the role of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), a major regulator of S-nitrosylation homeostasis, on erection physiology and on endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) function and oxidative-nitrosative stress in the penis. Adult GSNOR-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice were used. Erectile function was assessed in response to electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. Total NO in penile homogenates was measured by Griess reaction. Protein S-nitrosylation, eNOS phosphorylation on Ser-1177 (positive regulatory site), eNOS uncoupling, and markers of oxidative stress (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal [4-HNE], malondialdehyde, and nitrotyrosine) in the penis were measured by western blot. Erectile function was intact in GSNOR-deficient mice. Total S-nitrosylated proteins were increased (P<0.05) in the GSNOR-/- compared with WT mouse penis. While eNOS phosphorylation on Ser-1177 did not differ between the GSNOR-/- and WT mouse penises at baseline, electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve increased (P<0.05) phosphorylated eNOS in the WT mouse penis, but not GSNOR-/- mouse penis. Total NO production was decreased (P<0.05), whereas eNOS uncoupling, 4-HNE, malondialdehyde, and nitrotyrosine were increased (P<0.05) in the GSNOR-deficient mouse penis compared with the WT mouse penis.
Pyrolytic Laser CVD of Boron Nitride and Molybdenum (2003)

The first pyrolytic laser deposition of boron nitride and molybdenum is reported. The deposition from borazine and molybdenum pentachloride on variety of substrates is demonstrated including graphite, alumina and tungsten. The deposition of boron nitride on graphite produces very short fibers while its deposition on alumina results in uniform shallow dots. Molybdenum layers deposited on graphite at temperatures above 1150 °C are more fibrous and porous whereas films deposited at lower temperatures are flat and flaky. The morphology of each material has also been related to the operating parameters of the gas‐jet LCVD system.
Climacteric&nbsp;Symptoms in&nbsp;Postoperative&nbsp;Patients Among Endometrial Cancer, Cervical Cancer, and Ovarian Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study (2020)

Abstract Background: No studies have assessed climacteric symptoms after hystero-adnexectomy for endometrial, cervical, or ovarian cancer. Thus, this study aimed to compare climacteric symptoms among patients who underwent surgery for these three cancer types. Methods: We included patients who were registered at a menopausal outpatient clinic between January 1999 and July 2016 after undergoing total hysterectomy, intrapelvic only or intrapelvic plus para-aortic lymph node dissection, and bilateral adnexectomy performed via laparotomy as cancer treatment. The numbers of patients with endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancer were 328, 90, and 107, respectively. We collected the following data: age at surgery, time since surgery, body mass index, menopausal status at surgery, and postoperative adjuvant therapy. Climacteric symptoms were assessed using a patient-reported questionnaire covering 40 parameters. Each symptom was graded from 0 (no symptoms) to 3 (severe symptoms). The total for all 40 parameters was considered as the degree of symptom severity. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that time since surgery and cancer type had statistically significant effects on climacteric symptom severity. Overall, climacteric symptoms were more severe in patients with cervical cancer than in those with endometrial or ovarian cancer; symptom severity decreased with increasing time since surgery. However, in patients with cervical cancer, symptom severity did not decrease significantly over time, even after &gt;5 years had elapsed since surgery. Conclusions: The severity of climacteric symptoms decreased with time after surgery for patients with endometrial or ovarian cancer but not for those with cervical cancer. Patients with cervical cancer may require more prompt interventions, including symptomatic treatment, and longer follow-up than those with endometrial or ovarian cancer.
microRNA expression signatures of gastrointestinal stromal tumours: associations with imatinib resistance and patient outcome (2014)

Our findings highlight a novel functional role of miR-125a-5p on imatinib response through PTPN18 regulation in GIST.
Learning mixtures of Bernoulli templates by two-round EM with performance guarantee (2014)

Dasgupta and Shulman [1] showed that a two-round variant of the EM algorithm can learn mixture of Gaussian distributions with near optimal precision with high probability if the Gaussian distributions are well separated and if the dimension is sufficiently high. In this paper, we generalize their theory to learning mixture of high-dimensional Bernoulli templates. Each template is a binary vector, and a template generates examples by randomly switching its binary components independently with a certain probability. In computer vision applications, a binary vector is a feature map of an image, where each binary component indicates whether a local feature or structure is present or absent within a certain cell of the image domain. A Bernoulli template can be considered as a statistical model for images of objects (or parts of objects) from the same category. We show that the two-round EM algorithm can learn mixture of Bernoulli templates with near optimal precision with high probability, if the Bernoulli templates are sufficiently different and if the number of features is sufficiently high. We illustrate the theoretical results by synthetic and real examples.
Reconfigurable orbital angular momentum and polarization manipulation of 100  Gbit/s QPSK data channels (2013)

We demonstrate reconfigurable orbital angular momentum (OAM) and polarization manipulation of OAM- and polarization-multiplexed 100 Gbit/s quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) data channels. Each data channel's OAM value and its polarization state can be arbitrarily changed by taking advantage of the unique wavefront profile of OAM beams using liquid crystal on silicon-based spatial light modulators. The manipulation operation introduces a power penalty of <1 dB for 100 Gbit/s QPSK signals.
New Factorization Algorithms for Channel-Factorization Aided MMSE Receiver in MIMO Systems (2011)

Channel-factorization aided detector (CFAD) is one of the important low-complexity detectors used in multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) receivers. Through channel factorization, this method transforms the original MIMO system into an equivalent system with a better-conditioned channel where detection is performed with a low-complexity detector; the estimate is then transferred back to the original system to obtain the final decision. Traditionally, the channel factorization is done with the lattice reduction algorithms such as the Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász (LLL) and Seysen's algorithms with no consideration of the low-complexity detector used. In this paper, we propose a different approach: the channel factorization is designed specifically for the minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) detector that is a popular low-complexity detector in CFADs. Two new types of factorization algorithms are proposed. Type-I is LLL based, where the well-known DLLL-extended algorithm, the LLL algorithm working on the dual matrix of the extended channel matrix, is a member of this type but with a higher complexity. DLLL-extended is the best-performed factorization algorithm found in the literature, Type-II is greedy-search based where its members are differentiated with different algorithm's parameters. Type-II algorithms can provide around 0.5-1.0dB gain over Type-I algorithms and have a fixed computational complexity which is advantageous in hardware implementation.
Supplementary Figures from WWOX Inhibits Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells via Modulation of miRNAs (2023)

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Experimental assessment of diesel engine cylinder deactivation performance during low-load transient operations (2019)

Fuel-efficient aftertreatment thermal management in modern diesel engines is a difficult challenge, especially during low-load operation. This study explores the performance of cylinder deactivation in a diesel engine during low-load operation following highway cruise through experimental evaluation of two drive cycles, specifically extended idle and repeated heavy heavy-duty diesel truck creep cycles. Cylinder deactivation operations are shown to maintain comparable aftertreatment thermal management performance to conventional thermal management operation while reducing fuel up to 40% during extended idle operation. This fuel efficiency improvement coincides with engine-out emission reductions of 72% for soot and 52% for NOx. Cylinder deactivation also shows improved thermal management compared to a more fuel-efficient conventional operation.
Comparison of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Isolates Recovered from Pigs in Apparently Healthy Multiplier Herds with Isolates from Herds with Swine Dysentery (2016)

Swine dysentery (SD) is a mucohaemorrhagic colitis of grower/finisher pigs classically resulting from infection by the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. This study aimed to determine whether B. hyodysenteriae isolates from pigs in three healthy German multiplier herds supplying gilts to other farms differed from isolates from nine German production herds with SD. Isolates were subjected to whole genomic sequencing, and in silico multilocus sequence typing showed that those from the three multiplier herds were of previously undescribed sequence types (ST132, ST133 and ST134), with all isolates from the same herd having the same ST. All isolates were examined for the presence of 332 genes encoding predicted virulence or virulence lifestyle associated factors, and these were well conserved. Isolates from one multiplier herd were atypical in being weakly haemolytic: they had 10 amino acid substitutions in the haemolysin III protein and five in the haemolysin activation protein compared to reference strain WA1, and had a disruption in the promoter site of the hlyA gene. These changes likely contribute to the weakly haemolytic phenotype and putative lack of virulence. These same isolates also had nine base pair insertions in the iron metabolism genes bitB and bitC and lacked five of six plasmid genes that previously have been associated with colonisation. Other overall differences between isolates from the different herds were in genes from three of five outer membrane proteins, which were not found in all the isolates, and in members of a block of six plasmid genes. Isolates from three herds with SD had all six plasmid genes, while isolates lacking some of these genes were found in the three healthy herds-but also in isolates from six herds with SD. Other differences in genes of unknown function or in gene expression may contribute to variation in virulence; alternatively, superior husbandry and better general health may have made pigs in the two multiplier herds colonised by "typical" strongly haemolytic isolates less susceptible to disease expression.
Synthesis of various 5‐arylsubstituted cytosines (1991)

Abstract Some Pd‐catalyzed coupling reactions have been evaluated for the synthesis of 5‐substituted cytosines. A large number of 5‐arylcytosines were prepared in good yields by using 2,4‐ O,N ‐bis‐trimethylsilyl‐5‐iodocytosine with various aryl tin compounds. The use of trimethylsilyl groups proved to be essential for the reaction, attempted coupling of 5‐iodocytosine and 2‐trimethylstannylthiazole was not successful. One convenient alternative, which unfortunately was not successful, would have been to reverse the coupling functionalities and couple commercial arylhalides with 5‐trimethylstannyl‐ or 5‐tributylstannyl‐derivatives or the corresponding 2,4‐ O,N ‐bis‐trialkylsilylcytosines.
Universal linked multiple access source codes (2003)

We consider the multiple access source coding (MASC) problem (also known as the Slepian-Wolf problem) for situations where the joint source statistics are unknown a priori. Since neither encoder receives information about the joint source statistics, we allow an asymptotically negligible amount of communication between the encoders. We prove the existence of universal 2-encoder linked MASCs (LMASCs) with rates approaching the Slepian-Wolf bound, demonstrate the tightness of this bound, and calculate the rate of convergence of the proposed universal LMASC. The result generalizes to M>2 encoders. We also consider scenarios where the number of bits passed between the system encoders is allowed to grow linearly in the code dimension; in these scenarios one encoder can act as a conduit for the flow of another encoder's information.
The Photoelectric Effect Using LEDs as Light Sources (2006)

The photoelectric effect is demonstrated in many introductory physics courses. We have developed an apparatus for this experiment using a phototube and inexpensive LEDs as light sources instead of the usual mercury lamp. Planck's constant can be measured to better than 10% by using several LEDs in the spectrum from 470 nm to 631 nm. Changing the intensity of the LED allows us to measure the electron energy and photocurrent as a function of light intensity. The photocurrent time response also can be measured using a function generator and oscilloscope.