gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autonomous animal heating and cooling system for temperature-regulated MR experiments (2023)

Temperature is a hallmark parameter influencing almost all magnetic resonance properties (e.g., T\textsubscript{1}, T\textsubscript{2}, proton density, diffusion and more). In the pre-clinical setting, temperature has a large influence on animal physiology (e.g., respiration rate, heart rate, metabolism, cellular stress, and more) and needs to be carefully regulated, especially when the animal is under anesthesia and thermoregulation is disrupted. We present an open-source heating and cooling system capable of stabilizing the temperature of the animal. The system was designed using Peltier modules capable of heating or cooling a circulating water bath with active temperature feedback. Feedback was obtained using a commercial thermistor, placed in the animal rectum, and a proportional{\text -}integral{\text -}derivative (PID) controller capable of locking the temperature. Operation was demonstrated in a phantom as well as mouse and rat animal models, where the standard deviation of the temperature of the animal upon convergence was less than a tenth of a degree. An application where brain temperature of a mouse was modulated was demonstrated using an invasive optical probe and non-invasive magnetic resonance spectroscopic thermometry measurements.
"Workshop" sobre disfunção das glândulas de Meibomius (2011)

traduzido para o portugus e publicado em anexo a este editorial do ABO.
Technical and clinical evaluation of a new synthetic low flux polysulphon membrane for hemodialysis (1989)

New synthetic membranes have been developed to reduce the ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf) maintaining an adequate permeability to medium-large solutes and a good biocompatibility. The new Fresenius F6 Low Flux Polysulphon Membrane is studied in this paper as far as hydraulic and permeability properties are concerned. For this purpose in vitro and in vivo tests have been carried out in a series of different conditions. In vitro sieving coefficients were near 1 for solutes with molecular weight up to 5000 Daltons. The ultrafiltration coefficient of the device was 5.4 ml/h/mmHg while the value of Kf normalized per square meter was lower than 5 ml/h/mmHg. The geometry of the blood path was adequate even operating at high blood flows without excessive resistance and obligate filtration. This resulted in vivo in a good performance during short dialysis schedules with good clearances of small and large molecules and with no risks of backfiltration. In fact, the low permeability to water permits constant operation with positive transmembrane pressures without excessive ultrafiltration rates. The biocompatibility of the membrane was excellent and high capacity of adsorption for beta-2 microglobulin was demonstrated. These results suggest that these membranes seem to be able to join the advantages of the traditional cellulosic membranes and of the newer synthetic membranes reducing their relative disadvantages.
The fall and rise of active chloride transport: Implications for regulation of intraocular pressure (2003)

Early study of transepithelial salt transfer focused on Cl(-) and not Na(+), partly because Cl(-) was readily measureable. The advent of flame photometry and tracer techniques brought Na(+) to the fore, especially since short-circuited frog skin (Rana temporaria) produces baseline net movement of Na(+) and not of Cl(-). Zadunaisky was among the first to describe what is currently termed secondary active Cl(-) transport, helping stimulate interest in Cl(-) handling by other tissues, notably the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle important in renal counter-current multiplication. More recently, molecules responsible for electroneutral and electrogenic Cl(-) transfer have been cloned, and specific diseases resulting from their faulty expression have been identified. The clinical importance of transepithelial Cl(-) transfer is illustrated by studies of aqueous humor formation by the eye's bilayered ciliary epithelium. NaCl is taken up from the stroma by the pigmented ciliary epithelial (PE) layer, diffuses through gap junctions into the nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) layer, and is released into the aqueous humor largely through Na(+) pumps and Cl(-) channels. ATP released by NPE cells can be ecto-enzymatically metabolized to adenosine. Adenosine can mediate paracrine/autocrine stimulation of Cl(-) channels and aqueous humor secretion by occupying A(3) adenosine receptors (ARs). A(3)AR agonists indeed elevate, and A(3)AR antagonists lower, intraocular pressure (IOP) in wild-type mice. A(3)AR knockout mice have low IOP and their responses to A(3)AR agonists and antagonists are blunted; this suggests that reducing Cl(-)-channel activity with A(3)AR antagonists may provide a novel approach for treating glaucoma.
H2 Sensing Mechanism of Pd-Loaded WO3 Nanoparticle Gas Sensors (2014)

Abstract Neat and Pd-loaded WO3 sensors were fabricated from lamellar-structured nanoparticles. The sensing mechanism of hydrogen was investigated. Oxygen adsorption properties were studied through the resistive responses and TPD measurements. It was observed that oxygen adsorption was significantly enhanced by Pd loading from the viewpoint of p–n junction for PdO–WO3. In the presence of H2, the resistive response to oxygen for Pd-loaded WO3 was obviously different from that of neat WO3, which demonstrated a relatively weak response to oxygen. It was concluded that Pd loading not only promoted the sensor response but also made the sensing mechanism different from that of neat WO3. It was proposed that with Pd loading, the surface lattice oxygen near Pd sites was involved for the sensing process of H2.
A “Shortcut” Mosher Ester Method To Assign Configurations of Stereocenters in Nearly Symmetric Environments. Fluorous Mixture Synthesis and Structure Assignment of Petrocortyne A (2009)

A "shortcut" of the advanced Mosher rule for use in assigning stereocenters in molecules with elements of local symmetry is proposed. A single Mosher ester is made, and the chemical shifts of pairs of resonances related by local symmetry are subtracted from each other (rather than from analogous resonances in the isomeric Mosher ester) to provide the configuration. Fluorous mixture synthesis is used to make a stereoisomer library of the four isomers of petrocortyne A. These samples and the derived Mosher esters are used to assign the (3S,14S) configuration to petrocortyne A and to validate both the standard and shortcut Mosher methods for use in the petrocortyne family of dialkynyl carbinols.
Supplementary methods from Pooled Genomic Screens Identify Anti-apoptotic Genes as Targetable Mediators of Chemotherapy Resistance in Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary detailed methods&lt;/p&gt;
The impact of phthalate on reproductive function in women with endometriosis (2021)

This might provide new insights about the impact of phthalate on the pathogenesis of endometriosis and its consequences on the ovarian function.
Characterization of Uranium Oxides Using in Situ Micro-Raman Spectroscopy (2000)

A range of uranium compounds have been characterized using micro-Raman spectroscopy. It is possible to easily distinguish the oxides UO 2 , α-U 3 O 8 , and γ-UO 3 . Studies have also investigated the Raman spectra of uranium precursors used for the preparation of these oxides. In situ studies to probe the transformation of uranyl nitrate to uranium oxide show that the nitrate is decomposed below 300 °C. Initially an oxide similar to UO 3 is produced, and this oxide gradually transforms to U 3 O 8 as the temperature is increased to 550 °C. The use of in situ Raman studies provides a powerful technique to study the mechanism of transformation and the stability of uranium oxides under oxidizing conditions.
Stability and Persistence of Two Formulations Containing Anticarsia gemmatalis Nuclear Polyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) (2001)

The stability and the persistence of two AgMNPV formulations developed by the Instituto Biológico and the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil were studied. Formulations were stored in environmental conditions and exposed to ultraviolet radiation in laboratory and to solar radiation in the field. The wettable powder formulation (WP) was prepared by impregnating viral suspensions + adjuvants on inert mineral, chiefly kaolin. The emulsifiable oil formulation (EO) was prepared by mixing the pathogen suspension with corn oil + adjuvants. At 120-day intervals for 20 months, samples of formulations and the standard treatment (crude virus) kept in a laboratory cabinet were added to artificial diet fed to 4th-instar Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) larvae. After 20 months in storage, the formulation EO lost only 18.3% of its original activity, whereas the formulation WP had its efficiency reduced to 11.7% after 12 months. No significant differences between the two formulations were observed when exposed to the ultraviolet germicidal light, and both formulations protected the virus when compared to the standard treatment. Under field conditions, the EO formulation enhanced the viral persistence, with >60% of the original activity present 14 days after the application. Most of the WP formulation was removed from leaves by the rain.
IL-23 Induces Stronger Sustained CTL and Th1 Immune Responses Than IL-12 in Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Protein 2 DNA Immunization (2004)

IL-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine consisting of p19 and the p40 subunit of IL-12. IL-23 has been shown to possess IL-12-like biological activities, but is different in its capacity to stimulate memory T cells in vitro. In this study, we investigated whether IL-23 could influence envelope protein 2 (E2)-specific cell-mediated immunity induced by immunization of hepatitis C virus E2 DNA. We found that IL-23 induced long-lasting Th1 and CTL immune responses to E2, which are much stronger than IL-12-mediated immune responses. Interestingly, IL-23N220L, an N-glycosylation mutant showing reduced expression of excess p40 without changing the level of IL-23, exhibited a higher ratio of IFN-gamma- to IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cell frequency than did wild-type IL-23, suggesting a negative regulatory effect of p40 on Th1-prone immune response induced by IL-23. These data suggest that IL-23, particularly IL-23N220L, would be an effective adjuvant of DNA vaccine for the induction of durable Ag-specific T cell immunity.
A Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimator for Two-Stage Designs (2011)

We consider two-stage sampling designs, including so-called nested case control studies, where one takes a random sample from a target population and completes measurements on each subject in the first stage. The second stage involves drawing a subsample from the original sample, collecting additional data on the subsample. This data structure can be viewed as a missing data structure on the full-data structure collected in the second-stage of the study. Methods for analyzing two-stage designs include parametric maximum likelihood estimation and estimating equation methodology. We propose an inverse probability of censoring weighted targeted maximum likelihood estimator (IPCW-TMLE) in two-stage sampling designs and present simulation studies featuring this estimator.
Single Molecule Electronics: Increasing Dynamic Range and Switching Speed Using Cross-Conjugated Species (2008)

Molecular electronics is partly driven by the goal of producing active electronic elements that rival the performance of their solid-state counterparts, but on a much smaller size scale. We investigate what constitutes an ideal switch or molecular device, and how it can be designed, by analyzing transmission plots. The interference features in cross-conjugated molecules provide a large dynamic range in electron transmission probability, opening a new area for addressing electronic functionality in molecules. This large dynamic range is accessible through changes in electron density alone, enabling fast and stable switching. Using cross-conjugated molecules, we show how the width, depth, and energetic location of the interference features can be controlled. In an example of a single molecule transistor, we calculate a change in conductance of 8 orders of magnitude with an applied gate voltage. Using multiple interference features, we propose and calculate the current/voltage behavior of a molecular rectifier with a rectification ratio of >150,000. We calculate a purely electronic negative differential resistance behavior, suggesting that the large dynamic range in electron transmission probability caused by quantum interference could be exploited in future electronic devices.
Mediators and theories of change in psychotherapy for young people with personality disorders: a systematic review protocol (2021)

Background: Personality disorders (PDs) are a severe health issue already prevalent among adolescents and young adults. Early detection and intervention offer the opportunity to reduce disease burden and chronicity of symptoms and to enhance long-term functional outcomes. While psychological treatments for personality disorders have been shown to be effective for young people, the mediators and specific change mechanisms of treatment are still unclear. Aim: As part of the “European Network of Individualized Psychotherapy Treatment of Young People with Mental Disorders” (TREATme), funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST), we will conduct a systematic review to summarize the existing knowledge on mediators of treatment outcome and theories of change in psychotherapy for young people with personality disorders. In particular, we will evaluate whether mediators appear to be common or specific to particular age groups, treatment models, or outcome domains (e.g., psychosocial functioning, life quality, adverse treatment effects). Method: We will follow the reporting guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement recommendations. Electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO) have been systematically searched for prospective, longitudinal, and case–control designs of psychological treatment studies which examine mediators published in English. Participants will be young people between 10 and 30 years of age who suffer from subclinical personality symptoms or have a personality disorder diagnosis and receive an intervention that aims at preventing, ameliorating and/or treating psychological problems. Results: The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and at conference presentations and will be shared with relevant stakeholder groups. The data set will be made available to other research groups following recommendations of the open science initiative. Databases with the systematic search will be made openly available following open science initiatives. The review has been registered in PROSPERO (evaluation is pending, registration number ID 248959).Implications: This review will deliver a comprehensive overview on the empirical basis to contribute to the further development of psychological treatments for young people with personality disorders.
Association between Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Fusarium solani (Moniliales: Tuberculariaceae) (1999)

The fungus Fusarium solani (Martius) Saccardo was isolated from adult females of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) from 2 different populations (Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico; and Allada, Benin, Africa). F. solani was isolated from 60% of H. hampei females reared on an artificial diet for 3 generations, from 90% of field-collected female beetles from Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico, and from 100% of field-collected female beetles from Allada, Benin. The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of the nuclear rDNA of the isolates from Mexico and Benin were similar to each other and to published sequences of F. solani (asexual states of Nectria hematococca). The possibility of a symbiotic association between F. solani and H. hampei is discussed.
Efficient Robot Motion Planning via Sampling and Optimization (2021)

Robot motion planning is one of the important elements in robotics. In environments full of obstacles, it is always challenging to find a collision-free and dynamically-feasible path between the robot's initial configuration and goal configuration. While many motion planning algorithms have been proposed in the past, each of them has its pros and cons. This work presents a benchmark which implements and compares existing planning algorithms on a variety of problems with extensive simulation. Based on that, we also propose a hybrid planning algorithm, RRT*-CFS, that combines the merits of sampling-based planning methods and optimization-based planning methods. The first layer, RRT*, quickly samples a semi-optimal path. The second layer, CFS, performs sequential convex optimization given the reference path from RRT*. The proposed RRT*-CFS has feasibility and convergence guarantees. Simulation results show that RRT*-CFS benefits from the hybrid structure and performs robustly in various scenarios including the narrow passage problems.
Fractional Spin‐Labeling of Polymers for Enhancing NMR Sensitivity by Solvent‐Free Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (2011)

Decapeptides are partly covalently labeled with a polarizing agent (see picture) to enhance NMR signals by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). DNP under magic angle spinning conditions at T=100 K was performed directly on these molecules in the absence of any solvent.
An efficient way to evidence and to measure the metal ion fraction in high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) post-discharge with Pt, Au, Pd and mixed targets (2016)

The proportion of metal ions in a high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge is key information for the potential development of new materials and new layer architectures deposited by this technique. This paper aims to measure this proportion by using a homemade system consisting of a quartz crystal microbalance and a grid energy analyser assembly. Such a system yields relevant results on the composition of the post-discharge depending on the nature of the gas (Ar, Kr, Xe) and the target materials (Pt, Pd, Au, $\text{Pt}_{50}\text{Au}_{50}$ and $\text{Pt}_{5}\text{Pd}_{95}$ ). In our conditions, the highest proportion of metal ions in the post-discharge are obtained by using Ar gas and reaches 10 %, 12 %, 50 %, 19 % and 88 % for Pt, Au, Pd, $\text{Pt}_{50}\text{Au}_{50}$ and $\text{Pt}_{5}\text{Pd}_{95}$ targets, respectively.
Computational and Experimental Studies of Regioselective SNAr Halide Exchange (Halex) Reactions of Pentachloropyridine (2016)

The Halex reaction of pentachloropyridine with fluoride ion was studied experimentally and computationally with a modified ab initio G3MP2B3 method. The G3 procedure was altered, as the anionic transition state optimizations failed due to the lack of diffuse functions in the small 6-31G* basis set. Experimental Halex regioselectivities were consistent with kinetic control at the 4-position. The reverse Halex reaction of fluoropyridines with chloride sources was demonstrated using precipitation of LiF in DMSO as a driving force. Reverse Halex regioselectivity at the 4-position was predicted by computations and was consistent with kinetic control. Scrambling of halide ions between chlorofluoropyridines was catalyzed by n-Bu<sub>4</sub>PCl, and the products of these reactions were shown to result from a combination of kinetic and thermodynamic control. Comparison of the C-F and C-Cl homolytic bond dissociation energies suggests that an important thermodynamic factor which controls regioselectivity in this system is the weak C2-Cl bond. The differences between ΔH° values of chlorofluoropyridines can be explained by a combination of three factors: (1) the number of fluorine atoms in the molecule, (2) the number of fluorine atoms at the C2 and C6 positions, and (3) the number of pairs of fluorine atoms which are ortho to one another.
Development of a large area InGaAs APD receiver based on an impact ionization engineered detector for free-space lasercomm applications (2012)

The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing a small size, weight and power (SWaP) free space lasercomm terminal for small unmanned airborne platforms. The terminal is based on a small gimbal developed by CloudCap Technology. A receiver with a large field of view and with sensitivity sufficient to meet the program range goals is required for this terminal. An InGaAs Avalanche Photodiode (APD) with internal structures engineered to reduce excess noise and k<sub>eff</sub> in high gain applications was selected as the detector. The detector is a 350 micron diameter impact ionization engineered (I<sup>2</sup>E) APD developed by Optogration, Inc. Results of development and characterization of the receiver will be presented.
A General Authorware Program of the Knowledge-Logic-Structure-Showing Courseware Based on a Teaching Courseware of Structural Chemistry (2015)

The reason of quality improvement of structural chemistry teaching after using the nowledge-Logic-Structure-Showing courseware was discussed. A general authorware program of the Knowledge-Logic-Structure-Showing courseware was provided.
Indian Academy of Pediatrics Revised (2021) Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency and Rickets (2021)

The group reiterates the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D cutoffs proposed for vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency as <12 ng/mL, 12-20 ng/mL and >20 ng/mL, respectively. Vitamin D toxicity is defined as serum 25OHD >100 ng/mL with hypercalcemia and/or hypercalciuria. Vitamin D supplementation in doses of 400 IU/day is recommended during infancy; however, the estimated average requirement in older children and adolescents (400-600 IU/day, respectively) should be met from diet and natural sources like sunlight. Rickets and vitamin D deficiency should be treated with oral cholecalciferol, preferably in a daily dosing schedule (2000 IU below 1 year of age and 3000 IU in older children) for 12 weeks. If compliance to daily dosing cannot be ensured, intermittent regimens may be prescribed for children above 6 months of age. Universal vitamin D supplementation is not recommended in childhood pneumonia, diarrhea, tuberculosis, HIV and non-infectious conditions like asthma, atopic dermatitis, and developmental disorders. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level of >20 ng/mL should be maintained in children with conditions at high-risk for vitamin deficiency, like nephrotic syndrome, chronic liver disease, chronic renal failure, and intake of anticonvulsants or glucocorticoids.
Development and Characterization of New Inhibitors of the Human and Mouse Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D2Synthases (2010)

The hematopoietic prostaglandin D(2) synthase has a proinflammatory effect in a range of diseases, including allergic asthma, where its product prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) has a role in regulating many of the hallmark disease characteristics. Here we describe the development and characterization of a novel series of hematopoietic prostaglandin D(2) synthase inhibitors with potency similar to that of known inhibitors. Compounds N-benzhydryl-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (compound 8) and N-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl)nicotinamide (compound 34) demonstrated low micromolar potency in the inhibition of the purified enzyme, while only 34 reduced Toll-like receptor (TLR) inducible PGD(2) production in both mouse primary bone marrow-derived macrophages and the human megakaryocytic cell line MEG-01S. Importantly, 34 demonstrated a greater selectivity for inhibition of PGD(2) synthesis versus other eicosanoids that lie downstream of PGH(2) (PGE(2) and markers of prostacyclin (6-keto PGF(1alpha)) and thromboxane (TXB(2))) when compared to the known inhibitors HQL-79 (compound 1) and 2-phenyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)thiazole (compound 2). Compound 34 therefore represents a selective hematopoietic prostaglandin D(2) synthase inhibitor.