gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in high dynamic range imaging technology (2010)

Recently, visual representations using high dynamic range (HDR) images become increasingly popular, with advancement of technologies for increasing the dynamic range of image. HDR image is expected to be used in wide-ranging applications such as digital cinema, digital photography and next generation broadcast, because of its high quality and its powerful expression ability. HDR imaging technologies will spread its sphere of influence in imaging industry. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art studies and the trends of the HDR imaging, in terms of the following three points: (1) HDR imaging sensor and HDR image generation techniques as image acquisition technologies, (2) encode method of HDR images for efficient transmission and storage, (3) human visual system issues associated with reproduction of HDR image.
Immunological Characteristics of the Putative CD4-Binding Site of the HIV-1 Envelope protein (1992)

As an extension of previous studies demonstrating the immunosuppressive properties of gp120, we have analyzed the immunological characteristics of gp120 peptides, derived principally from its putative CD4-binding site. Our studies indicate that peptides derived from this region do not stimulate proliferation of lymphocytes from HIV-seropositive donors with relatively normal numbers of CD4+ lymphocytes. No significant proliferation was observed in response to various concentrations of peptide, even in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Significant proliferation of these lymphocytes was observed in response to two recall antigens, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and tetanus toxoid (TT), and these responses were augmented by IL-2. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-seronegative donors were cultured in the presence of TT and CMV and the peptides derived from gp120. Proliferation in the presence of these recall antigens was inhibited by these peptides in a dose-dependent manner. These studies demonstrate that at high concentrations, peptides from the putative CD4-binding site can inhibit proliferation of lymphocytes from normal donors in response to a recall antigen. The apparent immunosuppressive properties of this region highlight the pathogenic role played by HIV-1 envelope protein interactions with host cells.
Quercetin and Kaempferol 3-O-[α-l-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranoside]-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosides from Anthyllis hermanniae: Structure Determination and Conformational Studies (2011)

The study reports the isolation and structural identification of two new flavonol triglycosides from the methanolic extract of Anthyllis hermanniae, exhibiting the same glycosylation pattern: quercetin 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside]-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1) and kaempferol 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside]-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2). A conformational study related to the central arabinoside moiety was carried out including the analysis of the contribution of NOE effects and acetylation to the elucidation of the 2-O-linked arabinoside configuration of the anomeric carbon. We also report the total synthesis of a model compound, quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside (3), which verifies the structures of the isolated compounds.
Images transfer through thin image guides by pseudo phase Conjugation (2016)

Image transfer through glass substrates by total internal reflections suffer from a Kaleidoscope-like artifacts which severely limits field of view. A retro-reflector array compensates for the artifact along with all the monochromatic and chromatic aberrations.
Enhanced Reproductive Thermotolerance of the Tomato high pigment 2 Mutant Is Associated With Increased Accumulation of Flavonols in Pollen (2021)

Climate change has created an environment where heat stress conditions are becoming more frequent as temperatures continue to raise in crop production areas around the world. This situation leads to decreased crop production due to plant sensitivity to heat stress. Reproductive success is critically dependent on plants' ability to produce functional pollen grains, which are the most thermo-sensitive tissue. Flavonols are plant secondary metabolites known for their potent antioxidative activity, essential for male fertility in several species including tomato, and implicated in heat stress tolerance. Since flavonols are highly abundant in fruits of the tomato <i>high pigment 2</i> (<i>hp2</i>) mutant, we tested the level of flavonols in pollen of this mutant, under the hypothesis that increased accumulation of flavonols would render pollen more tolerant to heat stress. Indeed, pollen from two alleles of the <i>hp2</i> mutant was found to have flavonols levels increased by 18 and 280% compared with wild-type (WT) under moderate chronic heat stress (MCHS) conditions. This mutant produced on average 7.8-fold higher levels of viable pollen and displayed better germination competence under heat stress conditions. The percentage of fully seeded fruits and the number of seeds per fruit were maintained in the mutant under heat stress conditions while decreased in wild-type plants. Our results strongly suggest that increased concentrations of pollen flavonols enhance pollen thermotolerance and reproductive success under heat stress conditions. Thus, the high flavonols trait may help frame the model for improving crop resilience to heat stress.
Eicosanoids and Prostaglandins (pg/ml) in Plasma from <i>Ephx3</i><sup><i>-/-</i></sup> and WT mice treated with or without LPS. (2017)

&lt;p&gt;Eicosanoids and Prostaglandins (pg/ml) in Plasma from &lt;i&gt;Ephx3&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;-/-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and WT mice treated with or without LPS.&lt;/p&gt;
New Laser Technique for the Identification of Molecular Transitions (1972)

A laser technique is proposed which may be useful for the assignment of molecular spectra in the visible and infrared regions. The method is based on the resonant interaction of two monochromatic fields with a Doppler-broadened three-level system. Under the appropriate conditions the absorption line shape of one of the transitions shows a complex structure over a narrow section of the Doppler profile, and for sufficiently high laser power the line shape splits into a number of narrow peaks. Analysis of the resulting intensity pattern leads to unambiguous assignment of the angular momentum quantum numbers of the three levels involved. A simple set of rules is given to facilitate interpretation of spectra. The line shapes discussed are also relevant to monochromatic optical pumping of gases and unidirectional laser amplifiers.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformational and Steric Modifications of the Pyran Ring of the Potassium‐Channel Activator Cromakalim. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Imaging of Glial Cell Activation and White Matter Integrity in Brains of Active and Recently Retired National Football League Players (2016)

The results suggest that localized brain injury and repair, indicated by higher TSPO signal and white matter changes, may be associated with NFL play. Further study is needed to confirm these findings and to determine whether TSPO signal and white matter changes in young NFL athletes are related to later onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Energetic ion production and electrode erosion in hollow cathode discharges (2005)

Ions with energies significantly in excess of the discharge voltage have been reported in high current hollow cathode discharges. Models of DC potential hills downstream of the cathode and ion acoustic instabilities in a double layer postulated in the cathode orifice have been proposed to explain these energetic ions, but have not been substantiated in experiments.
Blood-brain barrier impairment in MPS III patients (2013)

These new findings of BBB structural and functional impairment, although from only two cases, MPS III A and III D, may have implications for disease pathogenesis and should be considered in treatment development for MPS III.
GRIL: genome rearrangement and inversion locator (2003)

GRIL is implemented in C++ and runs on any x86-based Linux or Windows platform. It is available from http://asap.ahabs.wisc.edu/gril
Inductive iris band-pass filter integrating floating inserts for pseudo-elliptic response (2003)

This paper presents a new type of pseudo-elliptic filter. It consists of the insertion in the waveguide of floating printed elements that generate transmission zeros. The design method is described first then the performance of one filter in the 30 GHz band as well as its realization mode is presented.
Synthesis of Monocrystalline Silicon-like (III-V)-Si Semiconductors: Structural and Optical Properties (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Testis Lesions and Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses Induced in Rats by Immunization With Laminin (1987)

Sixty-six percent of rats immunized with laminin isolated from a mouse Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) sarcoma developed moderate lesions in the testis characterized by multiple foci of seminiferous tubules with different degrees of sloughing of the germinal epithelium or atrophy intermingled with normal histological areas. Interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrates were seen in the epididymis. By electron microscopy, pathological changes in the basement membranes of the seminiferous tubules, such as splitting and focal thickenings of knob-like projections toward the epithelium, were observed. Moreover, Sertoli cell cytoplasm showed dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum and large vacuoles. By electron microscopy with the immunoperoxidase technique, staining for in vivo-bound rat IgG was detected along the walls of the seminiferous tubules as a bright linear immunofluorescence and as a dense reaction product on the basal lamina. High titers of circulating antilaminin antibodies were detected by ELISA in all the rats immunized with laminin. As revealed by the skin test, a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction to laminin was observed in these rats.
Redox‐Responsive Molecular Systems and Materials (2016)

Redox reactions can alter the electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of molecules and their ensembles by adding or removing electrons. Here, the developments made over the past 10 years using molecular events are discussed, such as assembly/disassembly, transformation of ensembles, geometric changes, and molecular motions that are designed to be redox-responsive. Considerable progress has occurred in the application of these events to the realization of electronic memory, color displays, actuators, adhesives, and drug delivery. In these cases, systems behave in either a highly or a poorly correlated manner depending on the number of redox-active units involved, based on the method of integration. One of the great advantages of redox-responsive devices and materials is that they have the potential to be readily integrated into existing electronic technologies.
Desktop Growth of Carbon‐Nanotube Monoliths with In Situ Optical Imaging (2007)

In the Table of Contents published in issue 5/2007 of Small, the author list of the Communication “Desktop Growth of Carbon-Nanotube Monoliths with In Situ Optical Imaging” was incorrect. The correct author list should read A. J. Hart, L. van Laake, and A. H. Slocum.
Frontispiece: Organometallic Conjugates of the Drug Sulfadoxine for Combatting Antimicrobial Resistance (2018)

Growing resistance to antimicrobial drugs is an urgent life-threatening problem, forcing medicinal chemists to redesign current drug scaffolds. Derivatization of known drugs to circumvent microbial resistance mechanisms is now an established strategy. The international UK, South African, Australian and USA collaboration of P. Chellan, P. J. Sadler et al. reported in the Full Paper on page 10078 ff., shows that organometallic conjugation of the antibacterial drug sulfadoxine has a remarkable effect on activity. Sulfadoxine has little activity towards various microbial strains, including Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but introduction of half-sandwich rhodium and iridium fragments dramatically “switched on” activity, so providing new drug leads to fight resistance.
Control of Abnormal Synchronization in Neurological Disorders (2014)

In the nervous system, synchronization processes play an important role, e.g., in the context of information processing and motor control. However, pathological, excessive synchronization may strongly impair brain function and is a hallmark of several neurological disorders. This focused review addresses the question of how an abnormal neuronal synchronization can specifically be counteracted by invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation as, for instance, by deep brain stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, or by acoustic stimulation for the treatment of tinnitus. On the example of coordinated reset (CR) neuromodulation, we illustrate how insights into the dynamics of complex systems contribute to successful model-based approaches, which use methods from synergetics, non-linear dynamics, and statistical physics, for the development of novel therapies for normalization of brain function and synaptic connectivity. Based on the intrinsic multistability of the neuronal populations induced by spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), CR neuromodulation utilizes the mutual interdependence between synaptic connectivity and dynamics of the neuronal networks in order to restore more physiological patterns of connectivity via desynchronization of neuronal activity. The very goal is to shift the neuronal population by stimulation from an abnormally coupled and synchronized state to a desynchronized regime with normalized synaptic connectivity, which significantly outlasts the stimulation cessation, so that long-lasting therapeutic effects can be achieved.
Current Perspectives on High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) for Adventitious Virus Detection: Upstream Sample Processing and Library Preparation (2018)

A key step for broad viral detection using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) is optimizing the sample preparation strategy for extracting viral-specific nucleic acids since viral genomes are diverse: They can be single-stranded or double-stranded RNA or DNA, and can vary from a few thousand bases to over millions of bases, which might introduce biases during nucleic acid extraction. In addition, viral particles can be enveloped or non-enveloped with variable resistance to pre-treatment, which may influence their susceptibility to extraction procedures. Since the identity of the potential adventitious agents is unknown prior to their detection, efficient sample preparation should be unbiased toward all different viral types in order to maximize the probability of detecting any potential adventitious viruses using HTS. Furthermore, the quality assessment of each step for sample processing is also a critical but challenging aspect. This paper presents our current perspectives for optimizing upstream sample processing and library preparation as part of the discussion in the Advanced Virus Detection Technologies Interest group (AVDTIG) The topics include: use of nuclease treatment to enrich for encapsidated nucleic acids, techniques for amplifying low amounts of virus nucleic acids, selection of different extraction methods, relevant controls, the use of spike recovery experiments, and quality control measures during library preparation.
Discovery of small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (2022)

Abstract Malaria is caused by infection with protozoan parasites of the Plasmodium genus, which is part of the phylum Apicomplexa. Most organisms in this phylum contain a relic plastid called the apicoplast. The apicoplast genome is replicated by a single DNA polymerase (apPOL), which is an attractive target for anti-malarial drugs. We screened small-molecule libraries (206,504 compounds) using a fluorescence-based high-throughput DNA polymerase assay. Dose/response analysis and counter-screening identified 186 specific apPOL inhibitors. Toxicity screening against human HepaRG human cells removed 84 compounds and the remaining were subjected to parasite killing assays using chloroquine resistant P. falciparum parasites. Nine compounds were potent inhibitors of parasite growth and may serve as lead compounds in efforts to discover novel malaria drugs.
Uridine-Conjugated Ferrocene DNA Oligonucleotides:  Unexpected Cyclization Reaction of the Uridine Base (2000)

The study of energy and electron-transfer processes through DNA duplexes and the development of DNA hybridization probes and electrochemical sensors have resulted in the incorporation of numerous transition-metal complexes into DNA oliognucleotides. These include ruthenium, osmium, iron, rhodium, and copper complexes. Ferrocene (Fc) and its derivatives are attractive electrochemical probes because of their stability and convenient synthetic chemistry. Fc-containing DNA oligonucleotides have been prepared by attaching ferrocenyl moieties to the 5‘ termini through either solid-phase synthesis using phosphoramidites or by reacting suitable ferrocenyl derivatives with end-functionalized oligonucleotides.
Recommendation for a non-animal alternative to rat caries testing. (2011)

For more than 50 years, fluoride has been the first defense in the fight against dental caries. The clinical effectiveness of fluoride is well accepted and documented extensively in the literature. The mechanism through which fluoride provides its benefit is very straightforward and well understood. The proposed laboratory model effectively simulates the effect of the caries process and has been shown to demonstrate equivalent accuracy to animal caries. This indicates that there are strong scientific grounds for the use of this model as an alternative to the animal caries test. Based on the strength of the data and the correlations noted between the two models, we recommend that the scientific community and the toothpaste industry broadly accept the Featherstone laboratory pH cycling model as an appropriate alternative to animal testing, particularly for ionic fluoride based dentifrices.
Data from Combination Therapy Targeting Both Tumor-Initiating and Differentiated Cell Populations in Prostate Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The cancer stem cell hypothesis predicts that standard prostate cancer monotherapy eliminates bulk tumor cells but not a tumor-initiating cell population, eventually leading to relapse. Many studies have sought to determine the underlying differences between bulk tumor and cancer stem cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Our previous data suggest that the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway is critical for the &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;maintenance of CD133&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/CD44&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; prostate cancer progenitors and, consequently, that targeting PI3K signaling may be beneficial in treatment of prostate cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Here, we show that inhibition of PI3K activity by the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 leads to a decrease in the population of CD133&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/CD44&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; prostate cancer progenitor cells &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Moreover, the combination of the PI3K/mTOR modulator NVP-BEZ235, which eliminates prostate cancer progenitor populations, and the chemotherapeutic drug Taxotere, which targets the bulk tumor, is significantly more effective in eradicating tumors in a prostate cancer xenograft model than monotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; This combination treatment ultimately leads to the expansion of cancer progenitors with a PTEN E91D mutation, suggesting that the analysis of PTEN mutations could predict therapeutic response to the dual therapy. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 16(23); 5692–702. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Grain Boundary Defect Chemistry of Acceptor‐Doped Titanates: Space Charge Layer Width (1994)

The grain boundary space charge depletion layers in acceptor‐doped SrTiO 3 and BaTiO 3 ceramics were investigated by impedance spectroscopy in the time and frequency domain. Based on the layer width and its dependence on the acceptor concentration, the temperature, and the oxygen partial pressure during annealing, a suggestion for a refined Schottky model is proposed. The local distribution of the donor‐type grain boundary states causing the depletion layer and the resulting band bending are discussed.
Efficacy of Bivalent Inactivated Vaccine Containing Insect Cell–Expressed Avian Influenza H5 and Egg-Based Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Against Dual Infection with Highly Pathogenic H5N1 and Velogenic NDV in Chickens (2019)

The genetic evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Egypt has developed a new clade H5N1 (2.2.1.2) since 2014. Meanwhile, the new avian influenza virus (AIV) clade mutually with the velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolate of genotype VII in Egypt (genotype VII) has resulted in severe economic losses in the broiler industry. An inactivated bivalent vaccine containing H5 (belonging to H5N1 clade 2.3.2) recombinant baculovirus expressed by insect cell (recH5) and egg-based NDV LaSota strain (recH5/NDV vaccine) was evaluated for protection against the challenge of dual HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.2.1.2 and vNDV infection in commercial broiler chickens. Vaccination was performed when chickens were 10 days old, and then birds of the respective groups were challenged with 10<sup>6</sup> 50% egg infective dose per chicken of each virus in 100 µl of allantoic fluid via the intranasal route at 21 days postvaccination in a single or sequential infection of both viruses. Results showed that the recH5/NDV vaccine was able to protect chickens against single or dual challenges of both viruses ranging up to 90%-100%. Unvaccinated chickens have demonstrated 100% mortalities to a single virus challenge. Vaccinated chickens showed significant decreases in both viruses, shedding titers up to <2 log <sub>10</sub> after challenge in comparison with unvaccinated ones. Cessation of viral shedding was obtained at 7 to 10 days postchallenge. The vaccinated chickens showed high hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers >6 log <sub>2</sub> against both H5N1 and NDV antigens at 2 wk postvaccination. The single vaccination of bivalent inactivated recH5-NDV vaccine at 10 days old in commercial chickens has provided significant clinical protective immunity against single or dual challenge with HPAI-H5N1clade 2.2.1.2 and vNDV-genotype VII.