gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Massively parallel switch-level simulation: a feasibility study (1991)

The feasibility of mapping the COSMOS switch-level simulator onto a computer with thousands of simple processors is addressed. COSMOS preprocesses transistor networks into Boolean behavioral models, capturing the switch-level behavior of a circuit in a set of Boolean formulas. A class of massively parallel computers and a mapping of COSMOS onto these computers are described. The factors affecting the performance of such a massively parallel simulator are discussed, including: the amount of parallelism in the simulation model, performance measures for massively parallel machines, and the impact of event scheduling on simulator performance. Compilation tools that automatically map a MOS circuit onto a massively parallel computer have been developed. Techniques for restructuring Boolean expressions for greater parallelism and mapping Boolean expressions for evaluation on massively parallel machines are described. Massively parallel switch-level simulation is illustrated by a pilot implementation on a 32k-processor Thinking Machines Connection Machine system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mapping of novel autoreactive epitopes of the diabetes-associated autoantigen IA-2 (2000)

IA-2, a member of the tyrosine phosphatase family, has been identified as a dominant autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. To define humoral IA-2 epitopes, we generated a panel of IA-2 deletion mutants and chimeric proteins using the highly homologous tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2beta. Analysis of autoantibody reactivity in 111 IA-2 antibody positive sera from patients with type 1 diabetes revealed that humoral epitopes cluster to several domains of the intracytoplasmic part of IA-2 [IA-2ic, amino acid (aa) 604-979]. Immunodominant epitopes were found in the first N-terminal 73 amino acids (56% positive), in the middle domain residing between residues 699-874 (45% positive) and the C-terminus depending on the presence of aa 931-979 (at least 37% positive). Competition experiments with overlapping peptides revealed that autoantibody binding towards the N-terminus was dependent on residues 621-628. In the C-terminal domain, two novel conformation-dependent epitopes were identified. The first epitope requires the presence of the C-terminal part of IA-2 (aa 933-979) and an IA-2-specific region between residues 771-932. Reactivity against the second epitope was dependent on intact C-terminal domains as well as residues in the middle (aa 887-932) and N-terminal regions (aa 604-771) which are conserved in IA-2 and IA-2beta. We here defined novel autoantigenic determinants in the N-terminus of IA-2 and characterized conformational epitopes residing in the C-terminal region or spanning from C-terminal residues to the N-terminal domain of IA-2ic. The identification of dominant target regions of diabetes-specific autoantibodies may help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the autoimmunity towards IA-2.
A Dynamic and Incentive Policy for Selecting D2D Mobile Relays (2019)

User-to-network relaying enabled via Device-to-Device communications (D2D) is a promising technique for improving the performance of cellular networks. Since in practice relays are in mobility, a dynamic relay selection scheme is unavoidable. In this paper, we propose a dynamic relay selection policy that maximizes the performance of cellular networks (e.g. throughput, reliability, coverage) under cost constraints (e.g. transmission power, power budget). We represent the relays' dynamics as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and assume that only the locations of the selected relays are observable. Therefore, the dynamic relay selection process is modeled as a Constrained Partially Observed Markov Decision Process (CPOMDP). Since the exact solution of such framework is intractable to find, we develop a point-based value iteration solution and evaluate its performance. In addition, we prove the submodularity property of both the reward and cost value functions and deduce a greedy solution which is scalable with the number of discovered relays. For the muti-user scenario, a distributed approach is introduced in order to reduce the complexity and the overhead of the proposed solution. We illustrate the numerical results of the scenario where throughput is maximized under energy constraint and evaluate the gain that the proposed relay selection policy achieves compared to a traditional cellular network.
In Vivo Topoisomerase II Cleavage Sites in the Ribosomal DNA of Physarum polycephalum (1996)

We have analyzed the topoisomerase II cleavage sites in the extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA of the lower eukaryote Physarum polycephalum using the topoisomerase II-specific inhibitor, 6,8-difluoro-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-cyclopropyl-4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid. Most of the in vivo topoisomerase II cleavage sites were found either in the transcribed region of ribosomal DNA or in the palindromic region surrounded by the replication origins. Two classes of sites were identified: those which correlate with DNase I hypersensitive sites and corresponding to an open chromatin configuration (transcribed region) and internucleosomal cleavage sites (in the region of replication origins). Topoisomerase II drug-induced cleavage in the ribosomal DNA was considerably reduced upon Physarum differentiation to a dormant stage of life, the spherules. In contrast, the amount of drug-dependent cleavage was found to increase during the metaphase of mitosis, when rDNA transcription is shut off. These findings suggest a role for topoisomerase II in the ribosomal DNA minichromosomes segregation, in addition to its role in transcription. Finally, the similarity between in vivo sites and those observed following drug treatment of isolated nuclei indicates that no profound change occurs in rDNA chromatin conformation during nuclei isolation. By contrast, in vitro cleavage sites with purified topoisomerase II weakly correlate to in vivo, indicating a prominent role for chromatin structure in determining the interaction sites of topoisomerase II with DNA in vivo.
Supramolecular p−n-Heterojunctions by Co-Self-Organization of Oligo(p-phenylene Vinylene) and Perylene Bisimide Dyes (2004)

Comparative studies on hydrogen-bonded versus covalently linked donor-acceptor-donor dye arrays obtained from oligo(p-phenylene vinylene)s (OPVs) as donor and bay-substituted perylene bisimides (PERYs) as acceptor dyes are presented. Both systems form well-ordered J-type aggregates in methylcyclohexane, but only hydrogen-bonded arrays afford hierarchically assembled chiral OPV-PERY dye superstructures consisting of left-handed helical pi-pi co-aggregates (CD spectroscopy) of the two dyes that further assemble into right-handed nanometer-scale supercoils in the solid state (AFM study). In the case of hydrogen-bonded arrays, the stability of the aggregates in solution increases with increasing conjugation length of the OPV unit. The well-defined co-aggregated dyes presented here exhibit photoinduced electron transfer on subpicosecond time scale, and thus, these supramolecular entities might serve as valuable nanoscopic functional units.
The regulation of actin polymerization in differentiating U937 cells correlates with increased membrane levels of the pertussis-toxin-sensitive G-protein Gi2 (1991)

Undifferentiated U937 cells appear to lack a capacity of increase cellular F-actin. However, electropermeabilized cells gain the ability to respond in this way to a guanine nucleotide analogue, guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]trisphosphate (GTP[S]) after 1 h of treatment with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP). The results reported here show that the levels of membrane association of the G-protein Gi2 alpha increase with a time course identical with that of the GTP[S]-sensitivity of electropermeabilized cells. These results suggest that Gi2 alpha may be involved in the signal-transduction pathway leading to actin polymerization in db-cAMP-differentiated U937 cells.
Introduction to the Issue on Signal Processing in Heterogeneous Networks for Future Broadband Wireless Systems (2012)

The six papers in this special issue focus on signal processing in heterogeneous networks for future broadband wireless systems.
Aerosol Formation by a Reversible Chemical Reaction: Laser-induced NH4NO3Aerosol Formation in a Tubular Reactor (1990)

Abstract Ammonium nitrate aerosol was generated by a reversible chemical reaction in a NH3—NO2—H2O-air mixture flowing through an axially irradiated tubular reactor. A burst of particle formation near the reactor entrance accompanied HNO3 formation along the laser light path. Particle size distributions of the resulting ammonium nitrate aerosol were measured at two points in the reactor. The behavior of the system was analyzed from first principles incorporating a detailed description of the homogeneous gas-phase chemistry, kinetics of nucleation, radial diffusion, and aerosol dynamics. A comparison of calculations and experimental data supports the use of the modified Becker-Döring nucleation theory for the description of particle formation by a reversible chemical reaction, when either reactant is in excess.
A High-Performance All-Solid-State Sodium Battery with a Poly(ethylene oxide)–Na3Zr2Si2PO12 Composite Electrolyte (2019)

Rechargeable sodium-based batteries are receiving increasing attention as large-scale energy storage systems, because of the abundant resource and low cost of sodium. The widely used nonaqueous liquid electrolytes in sodium-based batteries pose thermal instability, flammability, and risk of safety issues. The booming research in all-solid-state lithium-based batteries also triggers the interest in pursuing all-solid-state sodium-based batteries toward circumventing the safety issues. This study presents a composite-solid-electrolyte approach, which combines the flexibility of a polymer electrolyte and the high ionic conductivity of a ceramic electrolyte, for the development of all-solid-state sodium batteries. A composite electrolyte comprising a poly(ethylene oxide) matrix, NaClO4 salt, and a ceramic Na+-ion conductor (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) dispersed in it has been fabricated with a facile slurry-casting method. The resulting PEO–NaClO4–Na3Zr2Si2PO12 composite electrolyte shows enhanced Na+-ion conductivity, improved dendrite suppression, reduced interfacial problems, and an elastic feature. With the PEO–NaClO4–Na3Zr2Si2PO12 composite electrolyte, all-solid-state batteries with a sodium–metal anode and a Na2MnFe(CN)6 cathode show stable long-term cycling performance.
Stage-Specific Roles for Cxcr4 Signaling in Murine Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Process of Bone Marrow Repopulation (2014)

Hematopoietic cell transplantation has proven beneficial for various intractable diseases, but it remains unclear how hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) home to the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, initiate hematopoietic reconstitution, and maintain life-long hematopoiesis. The use of newly elucidated molecular determinants for overall HSPC engraftment should benefit patients. Here, we report that modification of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (Cxcr4) signaling in murine HSPCs does not significantly affect initial homing/lodging events, but leads to alteration in subsequent BM repopulation kinetics, with observations confirmed by both gain- and loss-of-function approaches. By using C-terminal truncated Cxcr4 as a gain-of-function effector, we demonstrated that signal augmentation likely led to favorable in vivo repopulation of primitive cell populations in BM. These improved features were correlated with enhanced seeding efficiencies in stromal cell cocultures and altered ligand-mediated phosphorylation kinetics of extracellular signal-regulated kinases observed in Cxcr4 signal-augmented HSPCs in vitro. Unexpectedly, however, sustained signal enhancement even with wild-type Cxcr4 overexpression resulted in impaired peripheral blood (PB) reconstitution, most likely by preventing release of donor hematopoietic cells from the marrow environment. We thus conclude that timely regulation of Cxcr4/CXCR4 signaling is key in providing donor HSPCs with enhanced repopulation potential following transplantation, whilst preserving the ability to release HSPC progeny into PB for improved transplantation outcomes.
Hyperglycemia Does Not Modify the Pupillary Effects of [unk] and k Opiate Agonists in Mice (1989)

The effects of mu and kappa opiate agonists were assessed on the pupillary size in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions in mice. The mu agonists used were, morphine (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg), fentanyl (50, 100 and 150 micrograms/kg) and sufentanil (5, 10 and 20 micrograms/kg). The highly selective kappa opiate agonists used were, U-50488H and U-69593 (30 mg/kg). Chronic hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin injection (200 mg/kg i.p) 7-8 days before the experiment. Acute hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal glucose (5 g/kg i.p) injection at the time of subcutaneous injection of opiates. In the normoglycemic mice, the mu agonists produced significant mydriasis (P less than 0.05), while kappa agonists had no effect on the pupil. However, both acute and chronic hyperglycemic condition did not affect the mydriatic ratio of the mu opiate agonists. These results indicate that mu opiate receptors induce mydriasis in mice and suggest that the hyperglycemia is not the mechanism involved in the opiate induced mydriasis in mice. With the dose of kappa agonists used, the involvement of kappa receptors in the pupillary effects in mice were not clear. These results support the hypothesis that hyperglycemia is not the primary mechanism for the altered sensitivity of opiates in the animal models of diabetes.
Structure−Activity Relationships within a Family of Selectively Cytotoxic Macrolide Natural Products (2000)

[figure: see text] We describe a semi-synthetic deglycosylated derivative of apoptolidin that retains considerable activity against the mitochondrial ATPase but has greatly reduced cellular cytotoxicity. We also demonstrate that a related antifungal natural product, cytovaricin, inhibits the same molecular target. Structural comparison of these macrolides provides insights into their conserved features that are presumably important for biological activity and identifies promising avenues at the interface of organic synthesis and biosynthesis for the generation of new selective cytotoxic agents.
Separation and Properties of Polysaccharides from Asparagus (<i>Officinalis</i> L) Old Stalks (2011)

The polysaccharides of the asparagus old stalks was seperated by ethanol precipitation and ultrafiltration. The molecular weigh distribution and antioxidative capacity of the extracts of the alcohol precipitation(C-1), ultrafiltration retention(C-2), and ultrafiltration penetrates (C-3) were further evaluated. The polysaccharides yields of the C-1, C-2, and C-3 were 1.53, 1.21, and 0.71%, respectively. The weigh average molecular weight of C-1, C-2, and C-3 were 163900, 135880, and 61063 Da, respectively. C-2 showed the strongest antioxidant capacity in all extracts by the scavenging effect on DPPH, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, the ultrafiltration was an alternative to separate the polysaccharides from the asparagus old stalks and kept their antioxidatant capacity.
Boosting 5G Through Ethernet: How Evolved Fronthaul Can Take Next-Generation Mobile to the Next Level (2018)

Current approaches to the fronthaul for centralized, or cloud, radio access networks (C-RANs) need to be revised to meet the requirements of next-generation mobile networks. There are two major challenges. First, fronthaul signals need to be transported over public fixed-access networks, such as passive optical networks (PONs), typically sharing them with other services. Second, higher data rates must be handled because of larger radio bandwidths and a greater use of multi-antenna techniques, such as massive multiple input, multiple output (MIMO). Using Ethernet as a new transport protocol for the fronthaul allows statistical multiplexing and enables convergence between fixed and mobile services.
Photocyclizations of N-allyliminium salts leading to the production of substituted pyrrolidines (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotocyclizations of N-allyliminium salts leading to the production of substituted pyrrolidinesJerome L. Stavinoha, Patrick S. Mariano, Andrea Leone-Bay, Rosemarie Swanson, and Christopher BrackenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 11, 3148–3160Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00401a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00401a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1201Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Video Sensors - Traffic Detection and Beyond (2011)

The use of video technology for traffic signal detection is well proven and has been in use for almost two decades. Advances in technology and supporting applications make it possible to do much more with video. Existing closed circuit television (CCTV) systems can now be used to deliver the visual image, collect traffic data and support automated incident detection. The paper explains the overall architecture of the video system and illustrates how transportation agencies are using it for data collection in support of performance management applications and as a means to detect potential road hazards.
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Responses to ESAT-6 and MPT64 fromMycobacterium tuberculosisin the Guinea Pig (1998)

Two antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ESAT-6 and MPT64, elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin responses in outbred guinea pigs infected with M. tuberculosis by the aerosol and intravenous routes but not those sensitized with M. bovis BCG or M. avium. The DTH epitope of ESAT-6 was mapped to the C terminus. Nonresponders to the individual antigens were found, but all animals responded to a combination of ESAT-6 and MPT64 or their respective minimal target peptides. Correspondingly, these molecules could form the basis of a new skin test for tuberculosis.
Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidative Kinetic Resolution of 2‐Azido‐1‐arylethanols. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of optimized drug-like small molecule inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease for treatment of COVID-19 (2022)

The SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease is a critical drug target for small molecule COVID-19 therapy, given its likely druggability and essentiality in the viral maturation and replication cycle. Based on the conservation of 3CL protease substrate binding pockets across coronaviruses and using screening, we identified four structurally distinct lead compounds that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease. After evaluation of their binding specificity, cellular antiviral potency, metabolic stability, and water solubility, we prioritized the GC376 scaffold as being optimal for optimization. We identified multiple drug-like compounds with <10 nM potency for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 3CL and the ability to block SARS-CoV-2 replication in human cells, obtained co-crystal structures of the 3CL protease in complex with these compounds, and determined that they have pan-coronavirus activity. We selected one compound, termed coronastat, as an optimized lead and characterized it in pharmacokinetic and safety studies in vivo. Coronastat represents a new candidate for a small molecule protease inhibitor for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection for eliminating pandemics involving coronaviruses.
Super-resolution of video using key frames and motion estimation (2008)

Many scalable video coding systems use frame down- sampling in order to reduce complexity and to enable enhancement layers. Super-resolution (SR) can be used to help the up-sampling and recovering processes of those frames. We are interested in reversed-complexity (distributed) coding methods, wherein few key frames are encoded at normal resolution, while the rest are down- sampled and encoded at reduced resolution along with the enhancement layers. We are only interested on the decoder side, wherein we carry motion estimation of the down- sampled frames using the key frames as references. When a match is made, the high-frequency components of the key frames (KF) are used to super-resolve the non-key frames (NKF). The motion estimation process is performed using blocks of band-pass versions of the frames, rather than low- pass ones. Results indicate the improved performance of the proposed super-resolution algorithm.
Injection of Ultrasmall Samples and Single Molecules into Tapered Capillaries (1997)

A novel injection scheme is described in which ultrasmall samples in the attoliter (10(-18) L) and low femtoliter (10(-15) L) range, or even single molecules, are controllably introduced into a tapered capillary so that electrophoretic separation can be carried out. To match the dimensions of the capillary inlet with that of the sample, capillary tips are tapered to an inside diameter ranging from hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers. To inject an ultrasmall sample, optical trapping is used to immobilize and manipulate the sample in order to place it inside or next to the capillary inlet. A small controlled suction results in the loading of the sample into the capillary.
Magnetic force microscopy of helical states in multilayer nanomagnets (2008)

We have used magnetic force microscopy (MFM) to investigate noncollinear helical states in multilayer nanomagnets, consisting of a stack of single domain ferromagnetic disks separated by insulating nonmagnetic spacers. The nanomagnets were fabricated from a [Co∕Si]×3 multilayer thin film structure by electron beam lithography and ion beam etching. The structural parameters (Co layer and spacer thicknesses) were optimized to obtain a clear spiral signature in the MFM contrast, taking into account the magnetostatic interaction between the layers. MFM contrast corresponding to the helical states with different helicities was observed for the optimized structure with Co layer thicknesses of 16, 11, and 8nm, and with 3nm Si spacer thickness.
Memory Devices: Energy–Space–Time Tradeoffs (2010)

Many memory candidates based on beyond complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) nanoelectronics have been proposed, but no clear successor has yet been identified. In this paper, we offer a methodology for system-level analysis and address the relationship of the maximum performance of a given memory device type to device physics. The method is illustrated for the classical dynamic RAM (DRAM) device and for the emerging memory device known as the resistive RAM (ReRAM).