gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of ion beam patterning on the write and read performance of perpendicular granular recording media (2001)

We have used a static write-read tester to study the reading and writing of bit patterns on arrays of square bits cut with a focused ion beam into granular perpendicular recording media. We have written square-wave bit patterns on arrays of magnetically isolated islands with periods between 80-248 nm, with the recording linear density matched to this pattern period. These measurements clearly reveal the onset of single domain behavior of the islands for periods <130 nm. We report on variations of read-back signals with this period for bits written in-phase and out-of-phase with the patterning (where bits are written in the center of the islands and lines, respectively). We also present results and analysis on the effect of patterning and phase on the transition position jitter.
Changes in Serial Optical Topography and TMS during Task Performance after Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Stroke: A Case Study (2004)

The authors examined serial changes in optical topography in a stroke patient performing a functional task, as well as clinical and physiologic measures while undergoing constraint-induced therapy (CIT). A 73-year-old right hemiparetic patient, who had a subcortical stroke 4 months previously, received 2 weeks of CIT. During the therapy, daily optical topography imaging using near-infrared light was measured serially while the participant performed a functional key-turning task. Clinical outcome measures included the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Motor Activity Log (MAL), and functional key grip test. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were also used to map cortical areas and hemodynamic brain responses, respectively. Optical topography measurement showed an overall decrease in oxy-hemoglobin concentration in both hemispheres as therapy progressed and the laterality index increased toward the contralateral hemisphere. An increased TMS motor map area was observed in the contralateral cortex following treatment. Posttreatment fMRI showed bilateral primary motor cortex activation, although slightly greater in the contralateral hemisphere, during affected hand movement. Clinical scores revealed marked improvement in functional activities. In one patient who suffered a stroke, 2 weeks of CIT led to improved function and cortical reorganization in the hemisphere contralateral to the affected hand.
Design of small mode-dependent-loss scrambling-type mode (de)multiplexer based on PLC (2020)

A general design rule of scrambling-type mode (de)multiplexers (mode scramblers) based on silica planar lightwave circuit (PLC) with small mode-dependent-loss (MDL) is presented for a mode-division multiplexing (MDM) system. First, we consider four- and eight-mode scramblers and demonstrate that if the number of modes is 2<sup>N</sup>, it is possible to construct small-MDL mode scramblers by using Y-branch waveguides and mode rotators. Next, a 6-mode scrambler, which can be used for four linearly polarized (LP) mode transmission in MDM system, is considered, and the MDL is large if Y-branch waveguides are cascaded simply, originating from the radiation loss of unwanted modes at the Y-branch. We propose a 2 + 4-type mode scrambler by combining 2- and 4-mode scramblers and demonstrate that it is possible to design a small MDL 6-mode scrambler.
National Reactor Innovation Center NRC Early Site Permit Roadmap (2021)

The National Reactor Innovation Center (NRIC) at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in Idaho Falls, Idaho, was authorized under the Nuclear Energy Innovation Capabilities Act (Public Law 115–248) to provide private sector technology developers with resources and infrastructure for testing, demonstration, and performance assessment to accelerate deployment of new advanced reactor technology concepts. NRIC’s mission is to enable clean, affordable, reliable energy by supporting U.S. government investments in nuclear energy research, development, demonstration, and commercialization of new nuclear energy systems. It intends to provide existing facilities and other undeveloped and previously developed sites at INL to advanced reactor vendors for prototype technology testing and deployment. Some of these demonstration projects may be subject to DOE authorization, while other projects may require approval by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) prior to construction and operation. NRIC and INL are considering whether to pursue one or more ESPs to help facilitate new reactor deployment at the INL Site. An ESP would allow early investment in licensing infrastructure in advance of a reactor design being ready to deploy. Through the ESPs, NRIC would help reduce the cost and time required to deploy demonstration reactors at the INL Site. This also will allow INL to bring its nuclear and siting experience to the ESP development process allowing for better and more efficient improvements and utilization of the Site. A preapproved ESP at INL will also remove the uncertainty of NRC siting approvals from the demonstration project proponents, who may not be well positioned to complete the analyses in a timely manner. The purpose of this NRIC ESP roadmap is to provide rigor and understanding needed for INL and DOE decision-makers to make data-informed decisions on pursuing NRC ESPs in support of future advanced reactor demonstrations at INL. The roadmap provides a structured method for addressing potential challenges and identifying options for resolution.
Investigations to simulate the high field characteristics of gate to cathode gaps in FEDs (2002)

In FEDs, a micro-vacuum structure is used to address each pixel. The typical dimensions of such a structure are in the micron/submicron range. A high electric field is present at the tip of the emitter to produce field emission electrons sufficient to light up the pixel on the phosphor screen. The electrical breakdown due to high fields between the gate and emitter or the gate and substrate can cause catastrophic damage in a FED. In order to investigate these issues, an experimental system, in which microtip type gaps were set-up in the micron/submicron regime, was developed. This paper addresses the high field characteristics of these microtip gaps corresponding to gap distance, vacuum pressure and conditioning.
Delivery strategies to enhance mucosal vaccination (2009)

The use of particle-mediated delivery systems is an effective strategy to enhance mucosal vaccination by protecting immunogenic material during delivery, providing targeted delivery systems, and allowing incorporation of adjuvant material.
Manassantin A and B From Saururus chinensis Inhibit Interleukin-6–Induced Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Activation in Hep3B Cells (2011)

Inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been postulated to be an effective therapy in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. The current study was performed to examine potential effects of manassantin A and B isolated from Saururus chinensis on the IL-6-induced response to human hepatoma cells. We found that manassantin A and B inhibit signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) activity stimulated by IL-6. We also found that both compounds decreased IL-6-induced Stat3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Both compounds blocked suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3)-mRNA expression induced by IL-6. In addition, we found that Stat3 inhibitory effects of these compounds could be related to protein tyrosine phosphatase. These findings suggest that manassantin A and B could be useful remedies for treatment of inflammatory diseases by inhibiting IL-6 action.
Eye Movements in Ephedrone-Induced Parkinsonism (2014)

Patients with ephedrone parkinsonism (EP) show a complex, rapidly progressive, irreversible, and levodopa non-responsive parkinsonian and dystonic syndrome due to manganese intoxication. Eye movements may help to differentiate parkinsonian syndromes providing insights into which brain networks are affected in the underlying disease, but they have never been systematically studied in EP. Horizontal and vertical eye movements were recorded in 28 EP and compared to 21 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and 27 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects using standardized oculomotor tasks with infrared videooculography. EP patients showed slow and hypometric horizontal saccades, an increased occurrence of square wave jerks, long latencies of vertical antisaccades, a high error rate in the horizontal antisaccade task, and made more errors than controls when pro- and antisaccades were mixed. Based on oculomotor performance, a direct differentiation between EP and PD was possible only by the velocity of horizontal saccades. All remaining metrics were similar between both patient groups. EP patients present extensive oculomotor disturbances probably due to manganese-induced damage to the basal ganglia, reflecting their role in oculomotor system.
790 Identification of Hypermethylated Tumor-specific Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Plasma of Patients with Glioma (2004)

INTRODUCTION: Although patients without malignancy have <100 ng/ml free deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in plasma, patients with malignancy demonstrate substantial quantities of tumor-specific DNA in their plasma. Measurements of this DNA are being studied to develop plasma markers to correlate with tumor burden. This approach has not been explored in gliomas. METHODS: Venous blood (30 ml) was collected before craniotomy from 10 patients with presumed glioma. After surgery, DNA was extracted and quantified from intracranial tumor and plasma samples. The methylation status of p16, p73, RAR&#61538, and MGMT gene promoters was assayed with methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). The presence of tumor-specific DNA in the plasma was defined as identification of the same methylated promoter (MP) in both plasma and tumor. RESULTS: Pathological diagnoses were glioblastoma (n = 6), anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 2), anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (n = 1), and oligodendroglioma (n = 1). Total DNA concentration in plasma was grossly elevated (mean, 6503 ng/ml; standard error of the mean, 1400 ng/ml). Tumor specimens revealed methylation of at least one promoter in 9 of 10 patients (90%). Of the 9 patients with MP, 6 (67%) had methylation of at least one of the same promoters in the plasma DNA. Five of these had one MP identified in the plasma, and 1 had two MPs. Overall, glioma-specific methylated DNA was present in plasma of 6 of 10 patients (60%). Tumors with no plasma MP were two glioblastoma, one anaplastic astrocytoma, and one oligodendroglioma. No positive markers were found in the plasma that were not also found in the intracranial tumor. CONCLUSION: Gliomas shed large amounts of DNA into the blood. Using MSP, we found that tumor-specific DNA is present in plasma of glioma patients. This specific as promoter methylation is not found in normal tissue. Isolation of tumor-specific plasma DNA in these patients represents the first step to developing a quantitative glioma plasma biomarker that could be used to monitor tumor status.
On the Road to 6G: Visions, Requirements, Key Technologies, and Testbeds (2023)

Fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems have entered the stage of commercial deployment, providing users with new services, improved user experiences as well as a host of novel opportunities to various industries. However, 5G still faces many challenges. To address these challenges, international industrial, academic, and standards organizations have commenced research on sixth generation (6G) wireless communication systems. A series of white papers and survey papers have been published, which aim to define 6G in terms of requirements, application scenarios, key technologies, etc. Although ITU-R has been working on the 6G vision and it is expected to reach a consensus on what 6G will be by mid-2023, the related global discussions are still wide open and the existing literature has identified numerous open issues. This paper first provides a comprehensive portrayal of the 6G vision, technical requirements, and application scenarios, covering the current common understanding of 6G. Then, a critical appraisal of the 6G network architecture and key technologies is presented. Furthermore, existing testbeds and advanced 6G verification platforms are detailed for the first time. In addition, future research directions and open challenges are identified to stimulate the on-going global debate. Finally, lessons learned to date concerning 6G networks are discussed.
Intraarterial Administration of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia (2011)

Intraarterial administration of BM-MNC is safe and feasible and accelerates wound healing in patients without extensive gangrene and impending amputation. These exploratory findings of this pilot trial need to be confirmed in a larger randomized trial in patients with critical limb ischemia and stable ulcers.
Field induced heliconical structure of cholesteric liquid crystal (2023)

A diffraction grating comprises a liquid crystal (LC) cell configured to apply an electric field through a cholesteric LC material that induces the cholesteric LC material into a heliconical state with an oblique helicoid director. The applied electric field produces diffracted light from the cholesteric LC material within the visible, infrared or ultraviolet. The axis of the heliconical state is in the plane of the liquid crystal cell or perpendicular to the plane, depending on the application. A color tuning device operates with a similar heliconical state liquid crystal material but with the heliconical director axis oriented perpendicular to the plane of the cell. A power generator varies the strength of the applied electric field to adjust the wavelength of light reflected from the cholesteric liquid crystal material within the visible, infrared or ultraviolet.
Effect of additives on the distribution of three-phase products of oily sludge subjected to microwave pyrolysis (2021)

This study aimed to explore the influence of activated carbon, oily sludge pyrolysis residue, and biochar and their contents on the distribution of three-phase products of oily sludge subjected to microwave pyrolysis. A microwave reaction system, refinery gas analyzer, and chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to carry out the experiment and analyze the results. The results showed that all three additives reduced the yield of solid products and increased the yield of gas products. With an increase in the additive content, the volatile matter and moisture content in the pyrolysis residue greatly reduced. The content of CH<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> in the pyrolysis gas increased with an increase in the additive content. When the amount of activated carbon was 20%, the H<sub>2</sub> content reached a maximum (39.7%), and when the amount of biochar was 20%, the CH<sub>4</sub> content reached a maximum (44.5%). All three additives increased the content of small molecules in the pyrolysis oil; when 10% activated carbon was added, the oil recovery rate reached up to 78.5%. The results of this study can guide the industrial application of microwave pyrolysis oily sludge.
Shape segregation in molecular organisation: a combined X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics study of smectic liquid crystals (2019)

Temperature-dependent X-ray scattering studies have been carried out on 4-undecyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl (11OCB) and 4-(12,12-dimethyltridecyloxy)-4'-cyanobiphenyl (t-Bu-11OCB) in the smectic A phase, from which their layer spacings and translational order parameters were obtained. Marked differences between the layer structures of the two compounds were demonstrated, showing that the addition of the t-Bu group results in a higher translational order parameter and wider layer spacing for t-Bu-11OCB than 11OCB. Fully atomistic MD simulations of both compounds run for >1000 ns demonstrated the spontaneous formation of smectic mesophases from isotropic starting geometries, and experimental trends in order parameters and absolute layer spacings were shown to be replicated well. Further analysis showed that both the aromatic head-groups and the alkyl tail-groups exhibit interdigitation in the simulated smectic phases of both compounds, and the difference in the layer structures between 11OCB and t-Bu-11OCB could be attributed mainly to a shape segregation effect arising from the addition of the bulky t-Bu end-group to the alkyl chain.
UHVDC Islanded Operation System Ultralow-Frequency Oscillation and Its Countermeasures (2021)

There exists serious frequency instability in the UHVDC islanded operation system consisting of a large capacity UHVDC and its corresponding power source with hydraulic power generators. Ultralowfrequency oscillation (ULFO) is one of the frequency instable problems, which will happen because of the inconsistent frequency control features between UHVDC and hydraulic power generators. Through the frequency-domain analysis, there exists a frequency band with negative damping in the hydraulic turbine control system, and UHVDC is negative damping for frequency deviation with constant power control mode. There are four negative damping contributing factors as hydrowater starting time constant, hydrogenerator governor forward gain, islanded system total inertia, and UHVDC power. These four factors are analyzed in this article in the frequency domain. Based on the detailed ULFO damping analysis, effective frequency control strategies for UHVDC islanded system are proposed in this article by withdrawing a part of primary frequency control functions of generators or coordinating the frequency controls between hydraulic generator governors and UHVDC frequency limitation controller (FLC). Through the proposed frequency strategies, islanded system frequency is mainly controlled by UHVDC FLC, which can successfully suppress the ULFO. Validation simulations are performed on the RTDS platform, and the simulation results prove the proposed strategies.
Therapeutic Nanocarriers Inhibit Chemotherapy‐Induced Breast Cancer Metastasis (2022)

Chemotherapy, although effective against primary tumors, may promote metastasis by causing the release of proinflammatory factors from damaged cells. Here, polymeric nanoparticles that deliver chemotherapeutics and scavenge proinflammatory factors simultaneously to inhibit chemotherapy-induced breast cancer metastasis are developed. The cationic nanoparticles can adsorb cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs) based on charge-charge interaction, which downregulates the expression of Toll-like receptors and then reduces the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Through in vitro structural optimization, cationic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers modified with drug-binding dodecyl groups and diethylethanolamine surface groups (PAMAM-G3-C12<sub>5</sub> -DEEA<sub>20</sub> ) exhibit the most desirable combination of nanoparticle size (≈140 nm), drug loading, cytotoxicity, cfNA binding, and anti-inflammatory activity. In the mouse models of breast cancer metastasis, paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles reduce serum levels of cfNAs and inflammatory cytokines compared with paclitaxel treatment alone and inhibit both primary tumor growth and tumor metastasis. Additionally, no significant side effects are detected in the serum or major organs. These results provide a strategy to deliver chemotherapeutics to primary tumors while reducing the prometastatic effects of chemotherapy.
How practitioners perceive the relevance of software engineering research (2015)

The number of software engineering research papers over the last few years has grown significantly. An important question here is: how relevant is software engineering research to practitioners in the field? To address this question, we conducted a survey at Microsoft where we invited 3,000 industry practitioners to rate the relevance of research ideas contained in 571 ICSE, ESEC/FSE and FSE papers that were published over a five year period. We received 17,913 ratings by 512 practitioners who labelled ideas as essential, worthwhile, unimportant, or unwise. The results from the survey suggest that practitioners are positive towards studies done by the software engineering research community: 71% of all ratings were essential or worthwhile. We found no correlation between the citation counts and the relevance scores of the papers. Through a qualitative analysis of free text responses, we identify several reasons why practitioners considered certain research ideas to be unwise. The survey approach described in this paper is lightweight: on average, a participant spent only 22.5 minutes to respond to the survey. At the same time, the results can provide useful insight to conference organizers, authors, and participating practitioners.
High-rate microcrystalline silicon for solar cells (2003)

In order to produce thin silicon films for solar cells at high growth rates we deposited films with a cascaded arc expanding thermal plasma. We demonstrate the power of this technique by applying amorphous films deposited at rates up to 1.4 nm/s in solar cells. We used the same deposition technique to produce microcrystalline silicon films. Growth rates up to 3.7 nm/s are achieved. The material structure is analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and XRD. We see that the crystalline fraction increases with the H/sub 2/ flow, whereas the amorphous and the void fraction decrease.
A multistep approach for reticle cleaning (2012)

The introduction of EUV Lithography for the next node has two major obstacles at the moment; the first is source power and reliability and the second is defect free reticles and damage free cleaning of reticles. We present our results on our investigation for damage free cleaning of EUV reticles with remote plasma cleaning for molecular (carbon) contamination and nanobubbles for particle removal. We believe that a multi step approach is necessary for cleaning of reticles as a single cleaning step will not be sufficient for the efficient removal of molecular as well as particle contamination. Remote plasma seems to be the favorable technique for carbon cleaning and repeated cleaning up to 85 nm of carbon removal shows no degradation of the reticle material.
Semistochastic Quadratic Bound Methods for Convex and Nonconvex Learning Problems (2013)

Partition functions arise in a variety of settings, including conditional random fields, logistic regression, and latent gaussian models. In this paper, we consider semistochastic quadratic bound (SQB) methods for maximum likelihood inference based on partition function optimization. Batch methods based on the quadratic bound were recently proposed for this class of problems, and performed favorably in comparison to state-of-the-art techniques. Semistochastic methods fall in between batch algorithms, which use all the data, and stochastic gradient type methods, which use small random selections at each iteration. We build semistochastic quadratic bound-based methods, and prove both global convergence (to a stationary point) under very weak assumptions, and linear convergence rate under stronger assumptions on the objective. To make the proposed methods faster and more stable, we consider inexact subproblem minimization and batch-size selection schemes. The efficacy of SQB methods is demonstrated via comparison with several state-of-the-art techniques on commonly used datasets.