gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma exchange in myasthenia gravis: changes in serum complement and immunoglobulins (1988)

Serum concentrations of C4, IgG, IgA, and IgM were followed in 8 selected patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) during a 5-day course of plasma exchange (PE), using donor plasma as a replacement solution. C3 activation products (C3b, iC3b and C3c) and the terminal SC5b-9 complement complex were measured in 4 of the patients. All patients improved during the treatment, including 2 patients without detectable antibodies to AChR in serum. The main findings of the study were marked complement activation and an approximately 50% fall in the serum concentrations of IgM and C4 during PE, independent of the concentrations in the donor plasma. The concentrations of IgG and IgA did not change significantly. The fall in C4 during PE is presumably caused by C4 consumption. We postulate that the fall in IgM is an effect of a complement-induced vasodilatation and that PE-induced complement consumption may influence the effect of PE in patients with MG.
Conclusion (2014)

Stream processing has emerged from the confluence of advances in data management, parallel and distributed computing, signal processing, statistics, data mining, and optimization theory.
Taxol Biosynthesis: An Update (1997)

The novel diterpenoid taxol (paclitaxel) is now well-established as a potent chemotherapeutic agent. Total synthesis of the drug is not commercially feasible and, in the foreseeable future, the supply of taxol and its synthetically useful progenitors must rely on biological methods of production. The first three steps of taxol biosynthesis have been defined and the responsible enzymes described. These are the cyclization of the universal diterpenoid precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate to taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene, the cytochrome P450-catalyzed hydroxylation of this olefin to taxa-4(20), 11(12)-dien-5 alpha-ol, and the acetyl CoA-dependent conversion of the alcohol to the corresponding acetate ester. Demonstration of these early steps of taxol biosynthesis suggests that the complete pathway can be defined by a systematic, stepwise approach at the cell-free enzyme level. When combined with in vivo studies to determine contribution to pathway flux, slow steps can be targeted for gene isolation and subsequent overexpression in Taxus to improve the yield of taxol and related compounds.
Modelling manufacturing control software (2002)

Software is essential in today's machine controllers for reuse, reconfiguration and cost-reduction. Formal models and specifications for such a system are critical to guarantee correctness. In this paper, we present an approach to model manufacturing control systems based on a framework for subsystem composition and a nested finite state machine model for the system behavior. The paper presents the application of model-based methodology for real control systems. Some preliminary results obtained show that development costs were reduced significantly due to the domain-specific knowledge captured in such a model.
Deaza‐ and Deoxyadenosine Derivatives: Synthesis and Inhibition of Animal Viruses as Human Infection Models (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
PHY-layer link quality indicators for wireless networks using matched-filters (2015)

We present a novel approach to accurate real-time estimation of wireless link quality using simple matched-filtering techniques. Our approach is based on the simple observation that there is a portion of each packet transmission from any given node that does not change from one packet to another; this includes preamble sequences used to synchronize the receiver and also address information in the packet header used for medium access control and routing. Our approach can be thought of as a generalized and simplified variant of standard signal processing techniques that are commonly used for preamble detection, automatic gain control, carrier sensing and other functions in many packet wireless networks. By using a combination of energy detection and correlation techniques, we show that we can effectively detect packet transmissions in real-time with low complexity, without decoding the packets themselves, and indeed, even without detailed knowledge of the packet format. We present extensive experimental results from a software-defined radio testbed to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach for 802.15.4 (Zigbee) networks even in the presence of strong interference signals and low SNR.
Recent developments in x-ray Talbot interferometry at ESRF-ID19 (2010)

In this paper we describe the design of different X-ray Talbot interferometers that have been built at the tomography beamline ID19 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France, and give a short review of performance characteristics, of current developments, and of the results obtained with these instruments so far. Among the applications so far, soft-tissue imaging has been a particular focus, as demonstrated in a recent paper by Schulz et al. (J. Roy. Soc. Interface , in press).
Nanophotonic Quantum Memory Based on Rare-Earth-Ions Coupled to an Optical Resonator (2015)

We demonstrate optical photon storage in a Nd:YSO nano-resonator using multi-mode stimulated photon echo and atomic frequency comb protocols. Current results indicate strong prospects for on-chip nanophotonic quantum memories using rare-earth-ions.
A pleiotropic, posttherapy, enoxacin-resistant mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1992)

An enoxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant (G49) isolated during patient therapy was characterized in detail. The G49 mutant was cross resistant to several classes of antibiotics including quinolones, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, but not imipenem or aminoglycosides. Compared with its paired pretherapy isolate G48, this mutant had several alterations in outer membrane proteins including a complete loss of the major porin protein OprF and a substantially altered lipopolysaccharide profile. Revertants were selected at a frequency of approximately 1% after enrichment for OprF+ cells on low-salt proteose peptone no. 2 medium. Ninety-seven of these OprF+ revertants were as susceptible to carbenicillin and norfloxacin as the pretherapy isolate. One of these revertants was characterized in more detail and shown to be indistinguishable in all properties from the pretherapy isolate. It is proposed that the multiple-antibiotic-resistance (Mar) phenotype of this mutant resulted from a single pleiotropic mutation.
PDI receiver for fast frequency hopping spread spectrum system (2002)

A fast frequency hopping post detection integrator (FFH-PDI) system that uses path diversity combination techniques is proposed. The delay spread present in multipath fading channels can be used to improve communication performance. This is possible because the delayed paths are resolved and path diversity combination is realized. The use of this method is advantageous in combatting interference, as the system adds the desired components and averages the interference components. The usefulness is confirmed by computer simulations.
Current Status of Laparoscopic Liver Resection in Korea (2012)

Since laparoscopic liver resection was first introduced in 2001, Korean surgeons have chosen a laparoscopic procedure as one of the treatment options for benign or malignant liver disease. We distributed and analyzed a nationwide questionnaire to members of the Korean Laparoscopic Liver Surgery Study Group (KLLSG) in order to evaluate the current status of laparoscopic liver resection in Korea. Questionnaires were sent to 24 centers of KLLSG. The questionnaire consisted of operative procedure, histological diagnosis of liver lesions, indications for resection, causes of conversion to open surgery, and postoperative outcomes. A laparoscopic liver resection was performed in 416 patients from 2001 to 2008. Of 416 patients, 59.6% had malignant tumors, and 40.4% had benign diseases. A total laparoscopic approach was performed in 88.7%. Anatomical laparoscopic liver resection was more commonly performed than non-anatomical resection (59.9% vs 40.1%). The anatomical laparoscopic liver resection procedures consisted of a left lateral sectionectomy (29.3%), left hemihepatectomy (19.2%), right hemihepatectomy (6%), right posterior sectionectomy (4.3%), central bisectionectomy (0.5%), and caudate lobectomy (0.5%). Laparoscopy-related serious complications occurred in 12 (2.8%) patients. The present study findings provide data in terms of indication, type and method of liver resection, and current status of laparoscopic liver resection in Korea.
Multimodality Imaging of Reporter Genes (2010)

Reporter genes (RGs), an integral part of molecular imaging, have become essential tools for studying biology in living subjects noninvasively. Currently, molecular imaging techniques can be broadly classified into five categories based on the spectrum and source of energy used for detection. These are optical imaging (fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging), radionuclide imaging (positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), X-ray computed tomography imaging (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) imaging. Excluding CT and US, a variety of reporter genes have been developed for the remaining three categories, which can be used to study specific biological processes (such as promoter activation, transcription, translation, protein–protein interaction) and monitor disease progression and therapy (Figure 5.1). Reporter genes therefore are also categorized into different groups based on their usage for different imaging techniques.
Middle Distillate Fuel Stability:  Straightforward Methods for Improving Quality (2007)

Fuel storage instability reactions of middle distillate fuels continue to be a major problem for the Department of Defense. Unlike civilian fuels, military fuels can remain in storage tanks for one or more years. As fuels are drawn from these tanks, the tanks are subsequently topped off with more recently purchased fuels. In many cases, the mixed fuels are not compatible resulting in sediment and sludge formation. This fuel incompatibility results in degradation reactions that form solids which will plug nozzles and filters and render the entire contents of the storage tank unusable. Previous research has shown that certain specific polar organic nitrogen functional groups are involved in fuel instability reactions. These organonitrogen compounds are difficult to completely remove during refining. We report on a simple inexpensive procedure for the removal of these organonitrogen compounds before fuels are mixed in storage tanks.
Unleashing the Power of Industrial Big Data through Scalable Manual Labeling (2023)

Big Data plays a central role in the remarkable results achieved by Machine Learning (ML) and especially Deep Learning (DL) in the recent years. However, the difficulty in obtaining a reasonable amount of labeled samples limits ML/DL application in various domains, including industrial equipment and system monitoring. In this paper the need for methods that turn manual labeling into a scalable process is highlighted. A real world problem is analyzed for which weak supervision methods, successfully employed in other domains, did not produce acceptable results. An alternative approach based on clustering ensembles is described and tested, achieving good performance.
Organic Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Cells Based on Oligothiophenes with Reduced Bandgap (2007)

Abstract The best polymeric solar cells reported so far are based on a so‐called bulk heterojunction of a polythiophene as donor and a soluble fullerene derivative as acceptor. However, these cells still suffer from an unsatisfying photovoltage, typically below 0.7 V. Here, we show that we can achieve higher photovoltages using a new terthiophene end‐capped with electron withdrawing dicyanovinyl groups (DCV3T) that increase both the ionization energy and even more strongly the electron affinity of the compound. The new material is tested in cells using a photoactive heterojunction to separate the excitons generated in the oligomer and a p‐doped wide‐gap transport layer. The solar cells show an open circuit voltage of up to 1.04 V and a broad spectral sensitivity band ranging from 420 nm to 650 nm. Solar cells based on such oligothiophenes are promising candidates for stacked organic solar cells tailored to the sun‐spectrum. Moreover, we present first examples of a new concept for organic solar cells: By blending DCV3T with fullerene C 60 , an enhanced generation of triplet excitons on the oligomer can be achieved via a back and forth transfer of excitons (ping‐pong‐effect).
Graphene Effusion-based Gas Sensor (2020)

Porous, atomically thin graphene membranes have interesting properties for filtration and sieving applications because they can accommodate small pore sizes, while maintaining high permeability. These membranes are therefore receiving much attention for novel gas and water purification applications. Here we show that the atomic thickness and high resonance frequency of porous graphene membranes enables an effusion based gas sensing method that distinguishes gases based on their molecular mass. Graphene membranes are used to pump gases through nanopores using optothermal forces. By monitoring the time delay between the actuation force and the membrane mechanical motion, the permeation time-constants of various gases are shown to be significantly different. The measured linear relation between the effusion time constant and the square root of the molecular mass provides a method for sensing gases based on their molecular mass. The presented microscopic effusion based gas sensor can provide a small, low-power alternative for large, high-power, mass-spectrometry and optical spectrometry based gas sensing methods.
Acclimation of activated sludge to pentachlorophenol (1984)

Bench scale activated sludge reactors were acclimated to dextrose and then to low levels of pentachlorophenol. The metabolic activity of activated sludge was evaluated by its specific rate of dextrose uptake, Δs/Δt/X (measured by COD removal). Depression of the specific uptake rate, resulting from batch experiments in which the activated sludges were spiked with priority pollutants, indicated the relative inhibition caused by that toxin dosage. This study intended to determine if: (1) acclimation to low levels of PCP would provide any protection to the biomass against detrimental effects of higher shock loads of pentachlorophenol; (2) PCP-acclimation would decrease the inhibitory effect of related priority pollutants; (3) PCP would be consistently and efficiently degraded in the reactors. The practicality of this study was twofold. First, to determine the feasibility of introducing small concentrations of a toxin to the biological system of a treatment facility in order to gain protection against shock loads of that and related toxic chemicals. Secondly, to develop a rapid and easy method for evaluating the effects of a chemical load on activated sludge. The procedure was found to be applicable and it showed that acclimation of activated sludge to PCP provided protection against shock loads of pentachlorophenol as well as phenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2-chlorophenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Gas chromatography analysis showed very little disappearance of PCP in the 1 mg PCP/L reactor; however, in the 15 mg PCP/L reactor, the penta concentration decreased to virtually zero for about a week and then it began to gradually increase.
Solute Transport in Porous Media during Drying: The Chlorine Isotopes Point of View (2016)

Summary Concerning injection of CO2 into saline aquifers, it may induce formation of dry-out and precipitation of salt near the injection well, which may reduce formation porosity, permeability, and injectivity. Here, we investigate experimentally the possibility that chlorine isotopes could be used as a geochemical tool to constrain the interplay of solute transport processes occuring during CO2 injection. δ37Cl is already used as a tracer of solute transport (especially diffusion) and salt precipitation so that it is likely to be useful to characterise their complex dynamics in porous media during evaporation.
Pupil response to quality and content transitions in videos (2017)

Real-time human eye recognition and tracking systems with human-computer interaction mechanism are being adopted to advance user experience in smart devices and consumer electronic systems. Eye tracking systems measure eye gaze and pupil response non-intrusively. This paper presents an analysis of pupil response to video structure and content. A consumer device that can assess user response to a video can provide better experiences with approaches such as real-time content adaptation. The first set of experiments involved presenting different video content to subjects and measuring eye response with an eye tracker. Results show that pupil constrictions and magnitude of constrictions vary with content. Significant changes in video and scene cuts led to sharp constrictions. User response to videos can provide insights that can improve subjective quality assessment metrics. This paper also presents an analysis of the pupillary response to quality changes in videos with the second set of experiments. The results of the tests show pupil constrictions for noticeable changes in perceived quality. Using real-time eye tracking systems for video analysis and quality evaluation can open a new class of applications for consumer electronic systems.
369 Tflop/s molecular dynamics simulations on the Roadrunner general-purpose heterogeneous supercomputer (2008)

We present timing and performance numbers for a short-range parallel molecular dynamics (MD) code, SPaSM, that has been rewritten for the heterogeneous Roadrunner supercomputer. Each Roadrunner compute node consists of two AMD Opteron dualcore microprocessors and four PowerXCell 8i enhanced Cell microprocessors, so that there are four MPI ranks per node, each with one Opteron and one Cell. The interatomic forces are computed on the Cells (each with one PPU and eight SPU cores), while the Opterons are used to direct inter-rank communication and perform I/O-heavy periodic analysis, visualization, and checkpointing tasks. The performance measured for our initial implementation of a standard Lennard-Jones pair potential benchmark reached a peak of 369 Tflop/s double-precision floating-point performance on the full Roadrunner system (27.7% of peak), corresponding to 124 MFlop/Watt/s at a price of approximately 3.69 MFlops/dollar. We demonstrate an initial target application, the jetting and ejection of material from a shocked surface.
Local strain distributions in silicon-on-insulator/stressor-film composites (2008)

We have used scanning microdiffraction topography to determine the mismatch strains and local strain distributions in silicon-on-insulator substrates with overlying thin film stressor features. Analysis of the data using the edge-force model and the Ewald–von Laue dynamical diffraction theory shows the presence of an exponential strain gradient in the vicinity of the buried SiO2/Si-substrate interface. We show that, for simple geometries, it is possible to deduce the sign of the mismatch strain simply by inspecting the microdiffraction topograph.
Pro-nucleotide Inhibitors of Adenylyl Cyclases in Intact Cells (2004)

9-substituted adenine derivatives with protected phosphoryl groups were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase in isolated enzyme and intact cell systems. Protected 3'-phosphoryl derivatives of 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine (2',5'-dd-Ado) and beta-l-2',5'-dd-Ado, protected 5'-phosphoryl derivatives of beta-l-2',3'-dd-Ado, and protected phosphoryl derivatives of two 9-(2-phosphonomethoxy-acyl)-adenines were synthesized. Protection was afforded by two cyclosaligenyl- or three S-acyl-2-thioethyl-substituents. These pro-nucleotides were tested for their capacity to block forskolin-induced increases in [(3)H]cAMP in OB1771 and F442A preadipocytes and human macrophages prelabeled with [(3)H]adenine. A striking selectivity for 2',5'-dd-Ado-3'-phosphoryl derivatives was observed. Cyclosaligenyl-derivatives (IC(50) approximately 2 microm) were much less potent than S-acyl-2-thioethyl-derivatives. Best studied of these was 2',5'-dd-Ado-3'-O-bis(S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl)-phosphate, which blocked [(3)H]cAMP formation in preadipocytes (IC(50) approximately 30 nm) and suppressed opening of cAMP-dependent Cl(-) channels in cardiac myocytes (IC(50) approximately 800 nm). None of the pro-nucleotides inhibited adenylyl cyclase per se, whether isolated from rat brain or OB1771 cells. These compounds exhibit the hallmarks of prodrugs. Data suggest they are taken up, are deprotected, and are converted to a potent inhibitory form to inhibit adenylyl cyclase, but only by intact cells. The availability and characteristics of these prodrugs should make them useful for blocking cAMP-mediated pathways in intact cell systems, in biochemical, pharmacological, and potentially therapeutic contexts.
Anti-β1Integrin IgG Inhibits Pulmonary Macrometastasis and the Size of Micrometastases from a Murine Mammary Carcinoma (1994)

In the present report, we investigated the possible importance of beta 1 integrins in the growth and metastasis of a murine mammary carcinoma, SP1, and a metastatic variant, SP1-3M in vivo. CBA/J female mice bearing SP1 tumor transplants were injected with anti-beta 1 integrin IgG or control nonimmune IgG (200 micrograms per mouse; i.p.) every two days. Animals received anti-CD4 antibody (100 micrograms per mouse) at time zero to suppress immunity against rabbit IgG. Outgrowth of macroscopic metastases from SP1, but not from SP1-3M primary tumors, was markedly inhibited in animals receiving anti-beta 1 integrin IgG but not nonimmune IgG. To assess the stage(s) in the metastatic cascade affected, we examined the number and diameter of micrometastatic nodules in treated and untreated groups. The diameter of micrometastases was significantly reduced in SP1-tumor-bearing mice treated with anti-beta 1 integrin IgG compared to control IgG, although the number of nodules per cm2 of lung sections examined remained unchanged. No change in the number or size of micrometastases in SP1-3M tumor-bearing mice was observed. No difference in the binding, or complement-mediated and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of anti-beta 1 integrin IgG with SP1 and SP1-3M cells was detected. The results suggest that under these conditions anti-beta 1 integrin inhibits metastatic tumor growth in lung tissue, but has minimal effect on intravasation, adhesion to target organs and extravasation.
Complex atlantoaxial fractures (1999)

The goals in treating these complex fractures are to achieve early maximum stability and minimum reduction in range of motion. These are often competing phenomena. Frequently in cases of atlas-axis fracture, odontoid screw fixation combined with hard collar immobilization is the best therapy, provided the transverse atlantal ligament is competent. If not, C1-2 stabilization with placement of transarticular screws is required for best results.