gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constraint Management of Rotating Machinery With Application to Xerography (2019)

This paper is concerned with the problem of constraint management for rotating machinery with actuators and sensors fixed in inertial space. Such systems arise in xerography, drilling and milling machines, and turbo machinery. The proposed approach consists of first discretizing the rotating device spatially and temporally to obtain a discrete-time lumped linear periodic model of the rotating device. Linear tracking controllers are then designed to stabilize the system, followed by the application of the Reference Governor (RG) technique for constraint management. To accomplish the latter, we extend the earlier results in the literature of RG to the case of periodic systems with disturbances, which arises in applications. We illustrate the theory using a numerical simulation of the fusing stage of a xerographic process.
SO-02 * ADULT SPINAL CORD ASTROCYTOMAS: CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS (2014)

BACKGROUND: Intramedullary spinal cord astrocytomas are a rare form of glioma making evaluation of clinical and prognostic factors difficult. The clinical and molecular characteristics, prognosis, and propensity toward leptomeningeal dissemination of this disease in adults has not been determined with precision. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of adult patients at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center with histologically proven spinal cord astrocytoma diagnosed and treated between 1997 and 2013. We assessed gender, age at diagnosis, clinical presentation, MRI characteristics including presence of enhancement and longitudinal extent of disease, treatment, and occurrence of leptomeningeal metastasis. RESULTS: Eleven patients (6 men, 5 women) were identified with histologically proven astrocytoma with complete clinical information. The histologies were of varying grades (grade II - 3, grade III - 5, grade IV - 3). Median age was 45 (range 23 to 74 years). Presenting symptoms included weakness (9/11), sensory changes (9/11), urinary symptoms (5/11), and back pain (5/11). Four out of 11 patients underwent subtotal resection, with the remaining 7/11 undergoing biopsy. Eight out of 11 patients underwent RT as initial treatment, of whom 7 received concurrent temozolomide. In total, 6/11 received bevacizumab as salvage therapy. Five out of 11 patients developed leptomeningeal metastases, of whom 2 had previously undergone subtotal resection. Median survival time was 37 months. One out of 11 patients was molecularly profiled: and was found to be unmethylated at the MGMT promoter, EGF-R VIII mutation negative, and IDH1 mutation negative. CONCLUSION: Our cohort of adult spinal cord astrocytomas were frequently complicated by leptomeningeal metastases. Molecular characteristics in this group are poorly defined, and we plan to further characterize these tumors molecularly.
Aspects of Favorable Propagation in Massive MIMO (2014)

Favorable propagation, defined as mutual orthogonality among the vector-valued channels to the terminals, is one of the key properties of the radio channel that is exploited in Massive MIMO. However, there has been little work that studies this topic in detail. In this paper, we first show that favorable propagation offers the most desirable scenario in terms of maximizing the sum-capacity. One useful proxy for whether propagation is favorable or not is the channel condition number. However, this proxy is not good for the case where the norms of the channel vectors may not be equal. For this case, to evaluate how favorable the propagation offered by the channel is, we propose a ``distance from favorable propagation'' measure, which is the gap between the sum-capacity and the maximum capacity obtained under favorable propagation. Secondly, we examine how favorable the channels can be for two extreme scenarios: i.i.d. Rayleigh fading and uniform random line-of-sight (UR-LoS). Both environments offer (nearly) favorable propagation. Furthermore, to analyze the UR-LoS model, we propose an urns-and-balls model. This model is simple and explains the singular value spread characteristic of the UR-LoS model well.
Phenylsulfonyl Ene—Allenes as Efficient Precursors to Bicyclic Systems via Intramolecular [2 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Reactions. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Replacing copies with connections: managing software across the virtual organization (2003)

The Internet, the World Wide Web, Java/sup TM/ technology, and software components are changing the software business. Activities traditionally constrained by the need for intense information management increasingly involve cooperating organizations. Information management tools and techniques do not scale well in the face of this organizational complexity. Informal sharing, based largely on manual copying of information, cannot meet the demands of the task as size and complexity increase. Formal approaches to sharing information are based on groupware tools, but cooperating organizations do not always enjoy the trust or commonality of sophisticated infrastructure, methods, and skills that this approach requires. The application web is a simple, loosely coupled, highly flexible strategy for information sharing that bridges the gap. Extensive information relevant to different parts of the software life cycle is interconnected in a simple, easily described way; such connections permit selective information sharing by a variety of tools and in a variety of collaboration modes that vary in the amount of organizational coupling they require.
Inhibition of Tumor-Cell Attachment to Extracellular Matrix as a Method for Preventing Tumor Recurrence in a Surgical Wound (1989)

Studies with four different transplantable murine tumors demonstrated that surgical instruments contaminated by contact with a tumor mass could produce tumors in a surgical wound. Eighty-seven per cent of mice with wounds made by invisibly contaminated scissors developed tumors. Irrigation with water did not prevent tumor growth. Before spilled tumor cells can invade and grow into a recurrence in the wound site, they must first attach to underlying extracellular matrix. We have devised a simple in vitro assay to identify inhibitors of tumor-cell attachment to develop therapeutic compounds that can prevent tumor-cell reimplantation. Various test compounds, including proteases (trypsin and Dispase), known modulators of matrix metabolism (proline analogues, cycloheximide, heparin, cortisone, cortexolone, and heparin-steroid combinations), large molecular weight polymers (agarose, dextran, polyethylene oxide), and synthetic fibronectin peptides were tested for their ability to inhibit mouse melanoma (B16-F10) cell attachment to gelatinized dishes. Most of these compounds had little or no effect on tumor-cell adhesion when cells were plated in serum-containing medium. However we identified three compounds that inhibited tumor-cell attachment in a reversible fashion: (1) a specific inhibitor of collagen deposition (L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid); (2) a bacterial neutral protease (Dispase); and (3) synthetic fibronectin peptides that contained the arginine-glycine-asparate (RGD) sequence that is responsible for cell binding. Dispase and the RGD-containing peptides also inhibited cell implantation and prevented tumor formation in a surgical wound. We propose that inhibitors of attachment might be used either alone or with other biologic modifiers to prohibit implantation of free tumor cells at the time of surgery and thus, to prevent local tumor recurrence.
Measurement of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antigens in Plasma of Pediatric Patients With Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Using an Ultrasensitive and Quantitative Immunoassay (2022)

Ultrasensitive blood SARS-CoV-2 antigen measurement has high diagnostic yield in children with acute COVID-19. Antigens were undetectable in most MIS-C patients, suggesting that persistent antigenemia is not a common contributor to MIS-C pathogenesis.
Expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens at low levels in the thymus induces T cell tolerance via a non‐deletional mechanism (1992)

Transgenic CBA (H-2k haplotype) mice expressing the H-2 Kb major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene under control of transcriptional promoter elements from a milk protein gene display high-level H-2 Kb transcription in lactating mammary glands and low-level transcription in skin and thymus of male and virgin female transgenic mice. However, H-2 Kb antigen could be detected only in lactating mammary gland epithelial cells by immunohistological methods. All transgenic mice are tolerant of H-2 Kb since they fail to reject skin grafts from mice expressing H-2 Kb molecules. Furthermore, anti-H-2 Kb cytotoxic responses could not be generated using responder T cells from transgenic mice but T cells from the same mice proliferated, in the presence of interleukin-2, in response to stimulator cells expressing H-2 Kb. Tolerance to H-2 Kb is induced in the thymus since CBA mice grafted with thymus tissue from transgenic mice fail to reject H-2 Kb disparate skin grafts. However, experiments with double-transgenic mice also expressing a T cell receptor with anti-H-2 Kb specificity reveal that tolerance induction is not brought about by elimination of thymocytes bearing H-2 Kb-reactive receptors. Instead, a non-deletional mechanism which results in down-modulation of both CD8 and T cell receptor expression in peripheral T cells correlates with the induction of tolerance in these mice. These data reveal that extremely low levels of self-antigen expression in the thymus are sufficient to induce tolerance via non-deletional mechanisms.
Human skeletal muscle cells in ex vivo gene therapy to deliver bone morphogenetic protein-2 (2002)

We have examined whether primary human muscle-derived cells can be used in ex vivo gene therapy to deliver BMP-2 and to produce bone in vivo. Two in vitro experiments and one in vivo experiment were used to determine the osteocompetence and BMP-2 secretion capacity of cells isolated from human skeletal muscle. We isolated five different populations of primary muscle cells from human skeletal muscle in three patients. In the first in vitro experiment, production of alkaline phosphatase by the cells in response to stimulation by rhBMP-2 was measured and used as an indicator of cellular osteocompetence. In the second, secretion of BMP-2 was measured after the cell populations had been transduced by an adenovirus encoding for BMP-2. In the in vivo experiment, the cells were cotransduced with a retrovirus encoding for a nuclear localised β-galactosidase gene and an adenovirus encoding for BMP-2. The cotransduced cells were then injected into the hind limbs of severe combined immune-deficient (SCID) mice and analysed radiographically and histologically. The nuclear localised β-galactosidase gene allowed identification of the injected cells in histological specimens. In the first in vitro experiment, the five different cell populations all responded to in vitro stimulation of rhBMP-2 by producing higher levels of alkaline phosphatase when compared with non-stimulated cells. In the second, the five different cell populations were all successfully transduced by an adenovirus to express and secrete BMP-2. The cells secreted between 444 and 2551 ng of BMP-2 over three days. In the in vivo experiment, injection of the transduced cells into the hind-limb musculature of SCID mice resulted in the formation of ectopic bone at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after injection. Retroviral labelling of the cell nuclei showed labelled human muscle-derived cells occupying locations of osteoblasts in the ectopic bone, further supporting their osteocompetence. Cells from human skeletal muscle, because of their availability to orthopaedic surgeons, their osteocompetence, and their ability to express BMP-2 after genetic engineering, are an attractive cell population for use in BMP-2 gene therapy approaches.
Identification and Characterization of 4-Chloro-N-(2-{[5-trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]sulfonyl}ethyl)benzamide (GSK3787), a Selective and Irreversible Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ (PPARδ) Antagonist (2010)

4-Chloro-N-(2-{[5-trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]sulfonyl}ethyl)benzamide 3 (GSK3787) was identified as a potent and selective ligand for PPARdelta with good pharmacokinetic properties. A detailed binding study using mass spectral analysis confirmed covalent binding to Cys249 within the PPARdelta binding pocket. Gene expression studies showed that pyridylsulfone 3 antagonized the transcriptional activity of PPARdelta and inhibited basal CPT1a gene transcription. Compound 3 is a PPARdelta antagonist with utility as a tool to elucidate PPARdelta cell biology and pharmacology.
Mulltiphase-multistep 3D gadol~~~u~-e~~a~cea MRA of the abdominal aorta and run-off vessels (2000)

Introduction With the introduction of the moving-fable technique, complete assessment of the aorta and lower extremities with 3D gadoliniumenhanced MRA (3D-Gd-MRA) has become feasible by sliding the field-of-view during contrast infusion (1). Several problems of the moving-table technique arise as the diagnostic requirements from the aorta to the calves are not uniform. For the small arteries in the calves, high-resolution imaging with long scan times is required which is limited by signal-to-noise and venous overlay (2). In the aorta, aneurysms or dissections can substantially alter the contrast kinetics resulting in delayed and non-uniform vessel fill-in (3). Long scan times degrade the evaluation of the renal arteries due to parenchymal or venous overlay (4). In addition, the different course of the arteries in the lower extremities require various orientations and dimensions of each scan volume for maximum coverage. To account for all these problems, a combination of different hardware and software features are necessary that address fundamentally different requirements for temporal and spatial resolution in a single automated exam.
Resolution-appropriate shape representation (2002)

We present a new type of "snake" in which the dimensionality of the shapes is scaled appropriately for the resolution of the images in which the shapes are embedded. We define shapes as an ordered list of control points and compute the principal components of the shapes in a prior training set. Our energy function is based upon the Mahalanobis distance of a given shape from the mean shape and on the Mahalanobis distance of the image attributes from image attribute values extracted from the training set. We show that the derivative of this energy function with respect to the modal weights is reduced as the image resolution is reduced, and that the derivative of the energy scales with the variance associated with each mode. We exploit this property to determine the subset of the modes which are relevant at a particular level of image resolution thereby reducing the dimensionality of the shapes. We implement a coarse-to-fine search procedure in the image and shape domains simultaneously, and demonstrate this procedure on the identification of anatomic structures in Computed Tomography images.
Transient, Three-Dimensional Heat Transfer Model for the Laser Assisted Machining of Ceramic Materials (1997)

Abstract A three-dimensional, unsteady heat transfer model has been formulated for predicting the temperature field associated with the laser assisted machining (LAM) of ceramic materials. The model considers a rotating silicon nitride workpiece heated by a translating CO2 laser, with material removal occurring at a location corresponding to the cutting tool. Movement of the workpiece relative to the laser source and cutting tool at the conclusion of a preheat phase significantly influences the workpiece temperature distribution, particularly at the material removal plane, by facilitating the transport of thermal energy deposited by the laser to the chamfer (the boundary between removed and unremoved material). Relative to predictions without material removal, the chamfer represents a significant thermal resistance to heat transfer, thereby increasing temperatures in the material removal plane at the conclusion of the preheat phase and causing a slower decay in the average temperature in this region as machining continues. The temperature distribution within the machined material remains nearly uniform for the investigated operating condition.
Improved face×non-face discrimination using Fourier descriptors through feature selection (2002)

This work presents a new method to discriminate face from non-face images using Fourier descriptors. The first step of our approach consists in applying a horizontal edge detection filter in the input image, followed by the extraction of a 1D signal from the computed edge map. Then we calculate the Fourier descriptors from this signal and classify the image using statistical classifiers. In order to improve our results, we applied a feature selection algorithm. Preliminary performance assessment results have shown that this approach is superior than traditional transform based methods. Besides, these results showed that our method might be used to develop a fast face detection system.
Topotactic Redox Chemistry of NaFeAs in Water and Air and Superconducting Behavior with Stoichiometry Change (2010)

We report experimental evidence that shows superconductivity in NaFeAs occurs when it is Na deficient. The oxidation of NaFeAs progresses differently in water and in air. In water the material oxidizes slowly and slightly retaining the original anti-PbFCl structure. In air NaFeAs oxidizes topotactically quickly and extensively transforming to the ThCr2Si2 structure type. Water acts as a mild oxidizing agent on the FeAs layer by extracting electrons and Na+ cations from the structure, while oxidation in air is more extensive and leads to change in structure type from NaFeAs to NaFe2As2. The superconducting transition temperature moves dramatically during the oxidation process. Exposed to water for an extended time period NaFeAs shows a substantial increase in Tc up to 25 K with contraction of unit cell volume. NaFe2As2, the air oxidized product, shows Tc of 12 K. We report detailed characterization of the redox chemistry and transformation of NaFeAs in water and air using single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, magnetization studies, transmission electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, pOH and elemental analysis.
Experimental comparison of DPSK and OOK modulation formats over slope-matched fiber spans (2004)

The DPSK and OOK (on-off keying) modulation formats were compared experimentally over transoceanic distances with slope-matched fiber spans. Our results show a 2-3 dB DPSK benefit exists for a wide range of channel powers and transmission distances.
HOIL-1-catalysed ubiquitylation of unbranched glucosaccharides and its activation by ubiquitin oligomers (2021)

Abstract HOIL-1, a component of the Linear Ubiquitin Assembly Complex (LUBAC), ubiquitylates serine and threonine residues in proteins, forming ester bonds (Kelsall et al, 2019, PNAS 116, 13293-13298). Here we report that mice expressing the E3 ligase-inactive HOIL-1[C458S] mutant accumulate polyglucosan in brain, cardiac muscle and other organs, indicating that HOIL-1’s E3 ligase activity is essential to prevent these toxic polysaccharide deposits from accumulating. We found that HOIL-1 monoubiquitylates glycogen and α1:4-linked maltoheptaose in vitro and identify the C6 hydroxyl moiety of glucose as the site of ester-linked ubiquitylation. The HOIL-1-catalysed monoubiquitylation of maltoheptaose was accelerated &gt;100-fold by Met1-linked or Lys63-linked ubiquitin oligomers, which interact with the catalytic RBR domain of HOIL-1. HOIL-1 also transferred preformed ubiquitin oligomers to maltoheptaose en bloc , producing polyubiquitylated maltoheptaose in one catalytic step. The Sharpin and HOIP components of LUBAC, but not HOIL-1, bound to amylose resin in vitro , suggesting a potential function in targeting HOIL-1 to unbranched glucosaccharides in cells. We suggest that monoubiquitylation of unbranched glucosaccharides may initiate their removal by glycophagy to prevent precipitation as polyglucosan.
Silicone-enriched surface of immersed polyurethane-POSS antifouling coating (2020)

A series of waterborne polyurethane-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (WBPU-POSS) dispersions were synthesized. Different POSS contents were used to evaluate the effect of POSS content on silicone enrichment under both nonimmersed and immersed conditions. The impact of silicone enrichment under immersed conditions on antifouling properties was also evaluated. The structure of the WBPU-POSS coating was identified by FT-IR and 29Si-NMR. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed a silicone-enriched surface with a certain composition of the WBPU-POSS coating under both nonimmersed and immersed conditions. The mechanical properties, hydrophilicity and hydrolytic degradation of the coating all varied with POSS content. The long-term antifouling performance of immersed coatings depends on surface silicone enrichment, which was found to be above 0.0021 mole POSS content in WBPU-POSS coatings.
Is tumor cell specificity distinct from tumor selectivity in vivo? A quantitative NIR molecular imaging analysis of nanoliposome targeting (2020)

The significance and ability for receptor targeted nanoliposomes (tNLs) to bind to their molecular targets in solid tumors <i>in vivo</i> has been questioned, particularly as the efficiency of their tumor accumulation and selectivity is not always predictive of their efficacy or molecular specificity. This study presents, for the first time, <i>in situ</i> NIR molecular imaging-based quantitation of the <i>in vivo</i> specificity of tNLs for their target receptors, as opposed to tumor selectivity, which includes influences of enhanced tumor permeability and retention. Results show that neither tumor delivery nor selectivity (tumor-to-normal ratio) of cetuximab and IRDye conjugated tNLs correlate with EGFR expression in U251, U87 and 9L tumors, and in fact underrepresent their imaging-derived molecular specificity by up to 94.2%. Conversely, their <i>in vivo</i> specificity, which we quantify as the concentration of tNL-reported tumor EGFR provided by NIR molecular imaging, correlates positively with EGFR expression levels <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> (Pearson's r= 0.92 and 0.96, respectively). This study provides a unique opportunity to address the problematic disconnect between tNL synthesis and <i>in vivo</i> specificity. The findings encourage their continued adoption as platforms for precision medicine, and facilitates intelligent synthesis and patient customization in order to improve safety profiles and therapeutic outcomes.
Discovery of AZD8154, a Dual PI3Kγδ Inhibitor for the Treatment of Asthma (2021)

Starting from our previously described PI3Kγ inhibitors, we describe the exploration of structure-activity relationships that led to the discovery of highly potent dual PI3Kγδ inhibitors. We explored changes in two positions of the molecules, including macrocyclization, but ultimately identified a simpler series with the desired potency profile that had suitable physicochemical properties for inhalation. We were able to demonstrate efficacy in a rat ovalbumin challenge model of allergic asthma and in cells derived from asthmatic patients. The optimized compound, AZD8154, has a long duration of action in the lung and low systemic exposure coupled with high selectivity against off-targets.