gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary Motor Cortex Tuning to Intended Movement Kinematics in Humans with Tetraplegia (2008)

The relationship between spiking activities in motor cortex and movement kinematics has been well studied in neurologically intact nonhuman primates. We examined the relationship between spiking activities in primary motor cortex (M1) and intended movement kinematics (position and velocity) using 96-microelectrode arrays chronically implanted in two humans with tetraplegia. Study participants were asked to perform two different tasks: imagined pursuit tracking of a cursor moving on a computer screen and a "neural cursor center-out" task in which cursor position was controlled by the participant's neural activity. In the pursuit tracking task, the majority of neurons were significantly tuned: 90% were tuned to velocity and 86% were tuned to position in one participant; 95% and 84%, respectively, in the other. Additionally, velocity and position of the tracked cursor could be decoded from the ensemble of neurons. In the neural cursor center-out task, tuning to direction of the intended target was well captured by a log-linear cosine function. Neural spiking soon after target appearance could be used to classify the intended target with an accuracy of 95% in one participant, and 80% in the other. It was also possible to extract information about the direction of the difference vector between the target position and the instantaneous neural cursor position. Our results indicate that correlations between spiking activity and intended movement velocity and position are present in human M1 after the loss of descending motor pathways, and that M1 spiking activities share many kinematic tuning features whether movement is imagined by humans with tetraplegia, or is performed as shown previously in able-bodied nonhuman primates.
Scheduling workflows by enforcing intertask dependencies (1996)

Workflows are composite activities that can be used to support and automate multisystem applications involving humans, heterogeneous databases and legacy systems. The traditional atomic transaction model, successful for centralized and homogeneous applications, is not suitable for supporting such workflows. Intertask dependencies, which are conditions involving events and dependencies among workflow tasks, are used to specify the coordination requirements among the workflow tasks and are a central component of most workflow models. They form a basis for developing a uniform formal framework for workflows, which is a key contribution of this work. In this paper, we formalize intertask dependencies using temporal logic. This involves event attributes, which are needed to determine whether a dependency is enforceable and to properly schedule events. Each dependency is represented internally as a finite state automaton that captures the computations that satisfy the given dependency. Sets of automata are combined into a scheduler that produces global computations satisfying all relevant dependencies, thus enacting the given workflow. This algorithm is rigorously proved correct; it has been implemented.
Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Bromides with Hindered N-Alkyl-Substituted Anilines Using a Palladium(I) Tri-tert-butylphosphine Bromide Dimer (2003)

An efficient palladium-catalyzed amination of aromatic bromides with hindered N-alkyl-substituted anilines is described, either using the combination of Pd(OAc)(2) and P(t-Bu)(3) or a palladium(I) tri-tert-butylphosphine bromide dimer, [Pd(mu-Br)(t-Bu(3)P)](2), a new, commercially available, and easily handled catalyst.
High performance multi-gate pMOSFET using uniaxially-strained SGOI channels (2006)

We propose a novel multi-gate CMOS structure having a high mobility channel with optimal strain configuration, realized by appropriately merging globally-strained substrates with lateral strain relaxation technique. We report successful fabrication and operation of uniaxially-strained SGOI fin and tri-gate pMOSFETs. The improved SCE immunity and the performance enhancement are demonstrated
Active music classes in infancy enhance musical, communicative and social development (2012)

Abstract Previous studies suggest that musical training in children can positively affect various aspects of development. However, it remains unknown as to how early in development musical experience can have an effect, the nature of any such effects, and whether different types of music experience affect development differently. We found that random assignment to 6 months of active participatory musical experience beginning at 6 months of age accelerates acquisition of culture‐specific knowledge of Western tonality in comparison to a similar amount of passive exposure to music. Furthermore, infants assigned to the active musical experience showed superior development of prelinguistic communicative gestures and social behaviour compared to infants assigned to the passive musical experience. These results indicate that (1) infants can engage in meaningful musical training when appropriate pedagogical approaches are used, (2) active musical participation in infancy enhances culture‐specific musical acquisition, and (3) active musical participation in infancy impacts social and communication development.
Effective Prevention of Chill-Haze in Beer Using an Acid Proline-Specific Endoprotease from Aspergillus niger (2005)

Chill-haze formation during beer production is known to involve polyphenols that interact with proline-rich proteins. We hypothesized that incubating beer wort with a proline-specific protease would extensively hydrolyze these proline-rich proteins, yielding a peptide fraction that is unable to form a haze. Predigestion of the proline-rich wheat gliadin with different proteases pointed toward a strong haze-suppressing effect by a proline-specific enzyme. This finding was confirmed in small-scale brewing experiments using a recently identified proline-specific protease with an acidic pH optimum. Subsequent pilot plant trials demonstrated that, upon its addition during the fermentation phase of beer brewing, even low levels of this acidic enzyme effectively prevented chill-haze formation in bottled beer. Results of beer foam stability measurements indicated that the enzyme treatment leaves the beer foam almost unaffected. In combination with the enzyme's cost-effectiveness and regulatory status, these preliminary test results seem to favor further industrial development of this enzymatic beer stabilization method.
Utilizing Nonpolar Organic Solvents for the Deposition of Metal-Halide Perovskite Films and the Realization of Organic Semiconductor/Perovskite Composite Photovoltaics (2022)

Having captivated the research community with simple fabrication processes and staggering device efficiencies, perovskite-based optoelectronics are already on the way to commercialization. However, one potential obstacle to this commercialization is the almost exclusive use of toxic, highly coordinating, high boiling point solvents to make perovskite precursor inks. Herein, we demonstrate that nonpolar organic solvents, such as toluene, can be combined with butylamine to form an effective solvent for alkylammonium-based perovskites. Beyond providing broader solvent choice, our finding opens the possibility of blending perovskite inks with a wide range of previously incompatible materials, such as organic molecules, polymers, nanocrystals, and structure-directing agents. As a demonstration, using this solvent, we blend the perovskite ink with 6,6-phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester and show improved perovskite crystallization and device efficiencies. This processing route may enable a myriad of new possibilities for tuning the active layers in efficient photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, and other semiconductor devices.
The nature of non-equilibrium ultrafast demagnetization in ferromagnetic nickel (2019)

It has long been known that ferromagnets undergo a phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic at the Curie temperature, associated with critical phenomena such as a divergence in the heat capacity. A ferromagnet can also be transiently demagnetized by heating it with an ultrafast laser pulse. However, to date the connection between out-ofequilibrium and equilibrium phase transitions was not known, nor how fast the out-of-equilibrium phase transitions can proceed. In this work, by combining time- and angle-resolved photoemission (Tr-ARPES) with time-resolved transverse magneto-optical Kerr (Tr-TMOKE) spectroscopies, we show that the same critical behavior also governs the ultrafast magnetic phase transition in nickel. This is evidenced by several observations. First, we observe a divergence of the transient heat capacity of the electron spin system preceding material demagnetization. Second, when the electron temperature is transiently driven above the Curie temperature, we observe an extremely rapid change in the material response: the spin system absorbs sufficient energy within the first 20 fs to subsequently proceed through the phase transition, while demagnetization and the collapse of the exchange splitting occur on much longer timescales. Third, we find that the transient electron temperature alone dictates the magnetic response. By comparing results obtained from different methods, we show that the critical behaviors are essential for fully explaining the fluence-dependent magnetization dynamics measured using magneto-optical spectroscopy
Supplementary Table 4 from Personalized <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Cancer Models to Guide Precision Medicine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 4. Patient A Single and vorinostat COMBINATION High Throughput Drug Screen.&lt;/p&gt;
Ga2O3 films for electronic and optoelectronic applications (1995)

Properties of Ga2O3 thin films deposited by electron-beam evaporation from a high-purity single-crystal Gd3Ga5O12 source are reported. As-deposited Ga2O3 films are amorphous, stoichiometric, and homogeneous. Excellent uniformity in thickness and refractive index was obtained over a 2 in. wafer. The films maintain their integrity during annealing up to 800 and 1200 °C on GaAs and Si substrates, respectively. Optical properties including refractive index (n=1.84–1.88 at 980 nm wavelength) and band gap (4.4 eV) are close or identical, respectively, to Ga2O3 bulk properties. Reflectivities as low as 10−5 for Ga2O3/GaAs structures and a small absorption coefficient (≊100 cm−1 at 980 nm) were measured. Dielectric properties include a static dielectric constant between 9.9 and 10.2, which is identical to bulk Ga2O3, and electric breakdown fields up to 3.6 MV/cm. The Ga2O3/GaAs interface demonstrated a significantly higher photoluminescence intensity and thus a lower surface recombination velocity as compared to Al2O3/GaAs structures.
Research Note: Altered Renal Function in Broilers During Aflatoxicosis (1990)

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of aflatoxicosis on acid-base balance, urine flow rate (V), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), clearance of para-aminohippuric acid (CPAH), plasma osmolality, and the renal handling of Na, K, Ca, and P. Three-week-old broilers were gavaged with aflatoxin at a dose of 2 mg/kg of BW per day for 10 consecutive days. Control birds received an equal volume of corn oil, the aflatoxin carrier vehicle. On the eleventh day, the birds were anesthetized and prepared for renal function analysis. A solution containing inulin, para-aminohippuric acid, and mannitol was infused at a low infusion rate (.1 mL/kg of BW per min) and a high infusion rate (.4 mL/kg of BW per min) to determine if aflatoxin affects the renal response to an acute volume load. Aflatoxicosis decreased the fractional excretion of phosphorous (FEP) and plasma Ca concentration but did not significantly alter any other renal function or acid-base variables. The decrease in FEP and plasma Ca may be a direct result of renal tubular damage, decreased Ca absorption from the gut, or a result of altered circulating levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and possibly decreased renal sensitivity to PTH.
The role of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in Parkinson's disease: Implications for therapy (2004)

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the basal ganglia. Pathologically, it is characterized by continuous dopaminergic cell loss in the nigrostriatal system. The classic triad of signs comprises resting tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. The decrease of dopamine content in the substantia nigra pars compacta in Parkinson's disease disrupts the delicate balance between neurotransmitters, e.g., noradrenaline, serotonin (5-HT), acetylcholine, GABA and glutamate, and also neuropeptides, e.g., enkephalins and substance P, in the brain, especially within the basal ganglia circuit. This causes a variety of neurotransmission changes that eventually influence the motor cortex, and as a result affect movement control and autonomic functions. In addition, levodopa and dopamine agonists might also alter mRNA transcripts of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the basal ganglia, thus contributing to the imbalance in neurotransmission. An understanding of the complex relationships among neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and their receptors may enable manipulation of the system with new drugs or microsurgical techniques. The aim of these novel therapies would be to reduce the problems associated with levodopa therapy, such as dyskinesias, and to improve the quality of life of Parkinson's patients.
Differences in the microbial communities associated with the roots of different cultivars of canola and wheat (1998)

Plant characteristics are known to alter endophytic and rhizosphere microbial communities; however, the effect of crop breeding programs on the microbial endophytic and rhizosphere communities is not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine if root-associated microbial communities differed between three cultivars of canola (Brassica spp.) and wheat (Triticum spp.). Biolog TM analysis was used to characterize the microbial communities associated with the root interior and rhizosphere soil of field grown canola (Parkland, Excel, and Quest cultivars) as well as wheat (PI 167549, Red Fife, and CDC Teal cultivars). Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of roots and rhizosphere soil of the cultivars were also compared. These crop cultivars represent a continuum from older to the most recent crop cultivars, with Quest being a transgenic canola variety tolerant of the herbicide glyphosate. To the best of our knowledge, Quest is not directly related to Parkland or Excel. The endophytic community of Quest used the Biolog TM polymer, carbohydrate, amino acid, and miscellaneous functional guilds at a slower rate than the endophytic community of Excel or Parkland. Furthermore, there were lower levels of the microbial FAMEs, 18:0, 18:3 w6c (6,9,12), 16:0 2OH, and 15:0 2OH in the roots of Quest compared with Excel or Parkland. In contrast, there were no differences in the utilization rate of Biolog TM functional guilds or the microbial FAMEs in the roots of the three wheat cultivars studied. The correlation between the ability of endophytic and rhizosphere communities to utilize Biolog TM substrates was lower in Quest and CDC Teal compared with earlier crop cultivars. Our results indicate that endophytic and rhizosphere microbial communities of the transgenic cultivar Quest were different from nontransgenic cultivars grown at the same field site.Key words: Brassica spp., Triticum spp., rhizosphere, endophytes, FAME, Biolog TM , transgenic.
Tact (2019)

The social practice of tact was an invention of the nineteenth century, a period when Britain was witnessing unprecedented urbanization, industrialization, and population growth. In an era when more and more people lived more closely than ever before with people they knew less and less about, tact was a new mode of feeling one's way with others in complex modern conditions. This book traces how the essay genre came to exemplify this sensuous new ethic and aesthetic. It argues that the essay form provided the resources for the performance of tact in this period and analyzes its techniques in the writings of Charles Lamb, John Stuart Mill, Matthew Arnold, George Eliot, and Walter Pater. The book shows how their essays offer grounds for a claim about the relationship among art, education, and human freedom—an “aesthetic liberalism”—not encompassed by traditional political philosophy or in literary criticism. For these writers, tact is not about codes of politeness but about making an art of ordinary encounters with people and objects and evoking the fullest potential in each new encounter. The book demonstrates how their essays serve as a model for a critical handling of the world that is open to surprises, and from which egalitarian demands for new relationships are made. Offering fresh approaches to thinking about criticism, sociability, politics, and art, the book concludes by following a legacy of essayistic tact to the practice of British psychoanalysts like D. W. Winnicott and Marion Milner.
Delay of airfoil stall by periodic excitation (1996)

It was recently demonstrated that oscillatory blowing can delay separation from a symmetrical airfoil much more effectively than the steady blowing used traditionally for this purpose. Experiments carried out on different airfoils revealed that this flow depends on many parameters such as, the location of the blowing slot, the steady and oscillatory momentum coefficients of the jet, the frequency of imposed oscillations, and the shape and incidence of the particular airfoil. In airfoils equipped with slotted flaps, the flow is also dependent on the geometry of the slot and on the Reynolds number in addition to the flap deflection that is considered as a part of the airfoil shape. The incremental improvements in single element airfoil characteristics are generally insensitive to a change in Reynolds number, provided the latter is sufficiently large. The imposed oscillations do not generate large oscillatory lift nor do they cause a periodic meander of the c.p. C* C D = dp Ct =
Field Focusing with Novel Implantable Lens Designs using 3D Printing (2018)

In this paper, we present two novel 3D implantable lens designs to provide power focusing of electromagnetic fields, based on the 3D printing concept, and applicable for wireless power transmission into the human body. The first design consists of concentric conductive rings inside the tissue. The second design is made of two wires, making it possible to focus any arbitrary polarization by choosing appropriate orientations. Also, we propose a fundamentally different approach to 3D printing for medical applications -3D printing inside the body - which reduces the risk of infection and surgical complication, thus improving patient recovery.
A Noninvasive Approach to Quantitative Functional Brain Mapping with H215O and Positron Emission Tomography (1984)

Positron emission tomographic (PET) measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with intravenously administered 15O-labeled water and an adaptation of the Kety autoradiographic model are well suited to the study of functional-anatomical correlations within the human brain. This model requires arterial blood sampling to determine rCBF from the regional tissue radiotracer concentration (Cr) recorded by the tomograph. Based upon the well-defined, nearly linear relation between Cr and rCBF inherent in the model, we have developed a method for estimating changes in rCBF from changes in Cr without calculating true rCBF and thus without arterial sampling. This study demonstrates that quantitative functional brain mapping does not require the determination of rCBF from Cr when regional neuronal activation is expressed as the change in rCBF from an initial, resting-state measurement. Patterned-flash visual stimulation was used to produce a wide range of increases in rCBF within the striate cortex. Changes in occipital rCBF were found to be accurately estimated directly from Cr over a series of 56 measurements on eight subjects. This adaptation of the PET/autoradiographic method serves to simplify its application and to make it more acceptable to the subject.
FULLYDIGITALADAPTIVECONTROLOFA FEED-FORWARD AMPLIFIERIMPLEMENTEDWITHDIGITALSIGNAL PROCESSOR (1998)

Acomplete digital adaptive control isintroducedfor themulling andtheerror loopofa1.96 GHz feed-forward linearization system. Thenulling loop iscontrolled with awell known powergradient method andtheerror loopiscontrolled withafrequency domain cancellation method using a Digital Signal Processor (DSP). Toourknowledge itistheFirst timethat experimentals results show20dBimprovement ontheinter-modulation s product regardless oftheinput powerlevel
Characterization of Contact Structure for Woven Electronic Textile Using Conductive Polymer Micro‐Cantilever Array (2013)

SUMMARY A conductive polymer‐coated micro‐cantilever array made by the reel‐to‐reel continuous fiber process for use as an electrical contact component for woven electronic textile was investigated. We report a novel cantilever releasing method using air injection and the results of patternable CYTOP and organic conductive polymer using the nanoimprinting method. The conductive organic material used in this study was PEDOT : PSS [poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(4‐styrenesulfonate)]. A micro‐cantilever contact array was realized to compose the electrical circuit through the large area woven textile. A contact resistance of 480 Ω was maintained for over 500 times. Contact resistance measurements revealed that an electric current begins to flow with smaller contact force in PEDOT : PSS ‐coated cantilever array structure than in PEDOT : PSS film structure. There is no appreciable wear on the cantilever surface due to its movability after 103 cycles of contact testing with 0.5 N contact force. Based on these results, PEDOT : PSS ‐coated micro‐cantilever arrays have excellent potential as electrical contact components between weft and warp for woven electronic textiles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 97(1): 48–53, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11485
NOVEL SIDE CHAIN LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYESTERS (1996)

Abstract The synthesis and the investigation into the phase behaviour of a set of seven liquid-crystalline side chain polyesters consisting of aromatic diacids and diols bearing cyano biphenyl moieties in the side chain are reported. Five of the materials contain a chiral centre in the main chain. Materials with short spacers exhibit either semi-crystalline or sanidic phases. Materials with long spacers show a cholesteric phase indicative of a helical order with a preferred twis. In addition, they exhibit Tg's below room temperature and smectic bilayer phases. Depending on the substitution pattern of the aromatic core, SC* or SA phases are observed. These polymers were synthesised in a four-step synthesis, starting from commercially available materials.
Nachruf: Michael Przybylski (2023)

Abstract Michael Przybylskis interdisziplinär ausgelegte Forschung brachte neue massenspektrometrische Methodenkombinationen hervor, die weltweit eingesetzt werden.
Are Accurins the cure for Aurora kinase inhibitors? (2016)

A nanoparticle formulation of an Aurora B inhibitor increases antitumor efficacy and reduces toxicity, which may be a precedent for the use of this technology with other small molecules (Ashton et al., this issue).