gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined Auditory and Tragal Stimulation Headphone Effectively Increases Vagal Tone and Improves Short-Term Cognition (2019)

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for many psychological and physiological phenomena. Music is known to influence the autonomic nervous system and provide many beneficial effects in both the body and the mind. The vagus nerve has also been stimulated to invoke similar beneficial effects. Since this procedure is invasive, the tragus nerve, which is the only input to the vagus, is ideal for autonomic modulation.
WIMAX LINKS AND OFDM OVERLAY FOR HFC NETWORKS: MOBILITY AND HIGHER US CAPACITY (2010)

This article proposes a dual-approach solution to augment the US bandwidth in HFC networks. The solution is based on using OFDM channels over the existing cable plant and WiMAX channels over the air. The proposed approach not only extends the US bandwidth, but also supports backward compatibility, smooth migration, efficient US bandwidth utilization, DOCSIS ® 3.0 US channel bonding, load-balancing, US path redundancy, mobility, and. low cost and optimized implementation.
Modeling Activation of Implanted Si in GaAs (1991)

We propose a model for electrical activation of implanted Si in that describes how various processing parameters affect the active concentrations. This model is based on the results of a series of experiments involving capacitance‐voltage measurements of Schottky diodes. We describe two simultaneous processes, one that governs the rate of activation, and one that governs its extent. We propose that the rate of activation is controlled by the rate at which implanted Si atoms react with to form . The extent of activation is controlled by the temperature of the activation anneal which determines the equilibrium between the donor, , and acceptor species, . The activation behavior is initially dominated by the kinetics of activation. For long‐duration anneals, the thermodynamics of activation dominate.
Efficient Synthesis of (2S,3S)-2-Ethyl-3-methylvaleramide Using (1S,2S)-Pseudoephedrine as a Chiral Auxiliary (2009)

An efficient and scaleable synthesis of (2S,3S)-2-ethyl-3-methylvaleramide (1) has been developed starting from inexpensive and readily available l-isoleucine. The key step in this process is an asymmetric alkylation using (1S,2S)-pseudoephedrine as a chiral auxiliary. A practical procedure was developed to remove the sterically hindered pseudoephedrine auxiliary from the amide. The process consists of eight chemical steps and five isolations without any chromatographic purification. It has been successfully implemented to prepare several multikilogram batches of the target compound 1 in 41% overall yield.
Colorectal cancer in the Split-Dalmatia County. (2009)

Colorectal cancer was the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the Split-Dalmatia County during the 1993-2005 period. The primary aim of this study was to analyze recent trends in the mortality caused by colorectal cancer in the Split-Dalmatia County. Secondly, the aim was also to analyze data on colorectal cancer patients operated on at Split University Hospital Center according to sex, age, localization of cancer and Dukes staging, in the period from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2004. The colorectal cancer death rate was found to be on an increase in both men and women; however, it was higher in men in both study years. The colorectal cancer death rate was also found to increase with age in both men and women. Analysis of data on patients operated on for colorectal cancer yielded a 2:1 male to female ratio. Analysis of histopathologic staging according to Dukes produced a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001). Dukes B or C was diagnosed in 84.3% and Dukes A in 9.3% of cases. According to cancer localization, sigmoid colon and rectum were involved 1.8 times more frequently than other sites of the colon. The data obtained in this study indicated that only 9.3% of patients were treated in the early stage of disease (Dukes A), pointing to the need of organized medical examinations for early detection of colorectal cancer in order to reduce the mortality rate associated with the disease.
Hebb-Type Dynamics is Sufficient to Account for the Inverse Magnification Rule in Cortical Somatotopy (1990)

The inverse magnification rule in cortical somatotopy is the experimentally derived inverse relationship between cortical magnification (area of somatotopic map representing a unit area of skin surface) and receptive field size (area of restricted skin surface driving a cortical neuron). We show by computer simulation of a simple, multilayer model that Hebb-type synaptic modification subject to competitive constraints is sufficient to account for the inverse magnification rule.
Latent factor models with additive and hierarchically-smoothed user preferences (2013)

Items in recommender systems are usually associated with annotated attributes: for e.g., brand and price for products; agency for news articles, etc. Such attributes are highly informative and must be exploited for accurate recommendation. While learning a user preference model over these attributes can result in an interpretable recommender system and can hands the cold start problem, it suffers from two major drawbacks: data sparsity and the inability to model random effects. On the other hand, latent-factor collaborative filtering models have shown great promise in recommender systems; however, its performance on rare items is poor. In this paper we propose a novel model LFUM, which provides the advantages of both of the above models. We learn user preferences (over the attributes) using a personalized Bayesian hierarchical model that uses a combination(additive model) of a globally learned preference model along with user-specific preferences. To combat data-sparsity, we smooth these preferences over the item-taxonomy using an efficient forward-filtering and backward-smoothing inference algorithm. Our inference algorithms can handle both discrete attributes (e.g., item brands) and continuous attributes (e.g., item prices). We combine the user preferences with the latent-factor models and train the resulting collaborative filtering system end-to-end using the successful BPR ranking algorithm. In our extensive experimental analysis, we show that our proposed model outperforms several commonly used baselines and we carry out an ablation study showing the benefits of each component of our model.
Phospholipids Chiral at Phosphorus. 13. Stereochemical Comparison of Phospholipase A2, Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyl Transferase, and Platelet-Activating Factor (1987)

Abstract Thiophospholipids and thiophosphate analogs of platelet activating factor were synthesized and used to compare the stereochemical properties in three different biological systems. Phospholipase A2 shows high stereo-specificity, and this has been substantiated by computer graphics. Lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase shows no stereospecificity. Platelet aggregation shows, preliminarily, a small degree of stereospecificity.
Concurrent nonparametric estimation of organ geometry and tissue stiffness using continuous adaptive palpation (2016)

Surgeons often manually palpate tissue or organs in order to find tumors or other anatomical structures. Information about organ geometry and tissue stiffness gained from palpation can also be extremely useful in robotic surgery for diagnosis, surgical guidance, and registration to other preoperative information. However, it is not always easy to obtain, even if the robot is equipped with force sensors. This paper reports our approach for concurrent estimation of stiffness and surface geometry, using a continuous motion similar to a sweeping palpation motion used by surgeons. Our method relies on force data captured by a tactile sensor rigidly attached to an end-effector probe. We use Gaussian processes to simultaneously estimate geometry and stiffness. The method is not tied to any specific robotic platform and is consistent with a variety of palpation strategies. For simplicity, we discuss the results based on two different palpation primitives. This is our first step towards developing an adaptive high fidelity model reconstruction and path optimization technique.
Interaction between retinol intake and ISX rs5755368 polymorphism in colorectal cancer risk: a case–control study in a Korean population (2023)

This study aimed to examine whether the ISX rs5755368 genotypes are associated with the effect of dietary retinol consumption on CRC risk. We recruited 923 CRC patients and 1846 controls to identify the association between dietary retinol and CRC risk. Dietary retinol intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Genotype data were available for 1419 patients (600 cases and 819 controls) of the total study population. Genotyping was performed using an Illumina MEGA Expanded Array. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression models. Retinol intake was inversely associated with CRC (OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.37-0.63). Participants with AA genotype showed lower CRC risk than subjects carrying the G allele (AG + GG) (OR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.58-0.99). A 68% reduced risk of CRC was related to subjects who had the highest retinol intake and carrying AA genotype compared to the risk of participants consumed the lowest retinol intake and carrying the G allele (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.20-0.53; P interaction = 0.026). Retinol intake could be a protective factor for CRC risk while this association could be strengthened among individuals carrying the homozygous AA genotype.
Integrated Sensing and Information Processing Theme-Based Redesign of the Undergraduate Electrical and Computer Engineering Curriculum at Duke University. (2011)

The field of electrical and computer engineering has evolved significantly in the past two de cades. This evolution has broadened the field of ECE, and subfields have seen deep penetration into very specialized areas. Remarkable devices and systems arising from innovative processes, exotic materials, high speed computer simulations, and complex algorithms make ECE an exciting career field. These fascinating developments present greater opportunities for undergraduates to explore the field of ECE as well as greater challenges for them to navigate the curriculum because of the myriad of course and areas of concentration choices they have to make. Reflecting innova tions in the field and capitalizing on the collective faculty research expertise, the Department of
Antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Nasal Secretions and Sputa of Experimentally Infected Human Volunteers (1973)

After experimental infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 42% of 67 volunteers developed a threefold or greater rise in antibody in nasal secretions as measured by radioimmunoprecipitation. Development of an antibody increase in sputum was detected more often, i.e., in 73% of the volunteers. Each of the antibody increases involved immunoglobulin (Ig) A. Twelve rises in IgG antibody were detected in the specimens which exhibited a rise in IgA antibody. In almost every instance the rise in IgA antibody exceeded that seen with IgG antibody. Analysis of the response to experimental challenge with M. pneumoniae of volunteers with different levels of preexisting respiratory tract IgA antibody suggested that this secretory antibody was related to host resistance to M. pneumoniae disease. Further, respiratory tract IgA antibody appeared to be more directly related to host resistance than was antibody in serum.
Digital optical signal processing and wavelength conversion using high-current photoreceivers and low-voltage modulators (1998)

Summary form only given. We demonstrate simple processing of digitally encoded optical signals using a low-V, modulator driven directly by a high-current photoreceiver. In addition, we discuss extension of this technique for demultiplexing of high speed time division multiplexed data and NRZ-to-RZ and RZ-to-NRZ format conversion.
Effects of Auditory Rhythm and Music on Gait Disturbances in Parkinson’s Disease (2015)

Gait abnormalities, such as shuffling steps, start hesitation, and freezing, are common and often incapacitating symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other parkinsonian disorders. Pharmacological and surgical approaches have only limited efficacy in treating these gait disorders. Rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS), such as playing marching music and dance therapy, has been shown to be a safe, inexpensive, and an effective method in improving gait in PD patients. However, RAS that adapts to patients' movements may be more effective than rigid, fixed-tempo RAS used in most studies. In addition to auditory cueing, immersive virtual reality technologies that utilize interactive computer-generated systems through wearable devices are increasingly used for improving brain-body interaction and sensory-motor integration. Using multisensory cues, these therapies may be particularly suitable for the treatment of parkinsonian freezing and other gait disorders. In this review, we examine the affected neurological circuits underlying gait and temporal processing in PD patients and summarize the current studies demonstrating the effects of RAS on improving these gait deficits.
Flexible design of doubly periodic frequency selective surfaces with a prismatic mesh based FEBI simulation tool and CMA-ES (2011)

A prismatic-mesh periodic finite element boundary integral (P-FEBI) simulation tool is paired with a high performance real-valued evolutionary strategy to efficiently design frequency selective surfaces. The irregular, triangular meshing scheme is used to produce metallic structures of nearly any arbitrary shape and contour inside of the unit cell. The unit cell is bound by a parallelogram which permits a hexagonal unit cell grid, allowing the use of increased unit cell size before diffraction occurs compared to square or rectangular lattices. The relatively new covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy (CMA-ES) is used as an effective tool to find the optimum configuration of metallic shapes and dielectric properties that yield the desired electromagnetic scattering and radiation characteristics. An antenna for use in a planar array and a frequency selective surface are created using the outlined method to illustrate the flexible design capabilities of the design technique.
A High Repetition Rate (1 kHz) Microcrystal Laser for High Throughput Atmospheric Pressure MALDI-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2002)

Sample throughput has been increased in many areas of proteomics, but the last significant advance in lasers used for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) was the introduction of cartridge-type N2 lasers (337 nm, 4-ns pulse widths, 1-30-Hz repetition rates) more than a decade ago. This report describes the application of a 1-kHz repetition rate Nd:YAG laser (355 nm, <500-ps pulse widths) for atmospheric pressure MALDI-QqTOFMS, and data obtained are compared to a conventional nitrogen laser. For example, the signal intensity for angiotensin II using the 1-kHz laser was in some cases enhanced by a factor of 80 and high-quality data could be obtained in as little as 1 s.
Inhibitory activity of extracts of Hebridean brown seaweeds on lipase activity (2015)

The effect of three Hebridean brown seaweeds on lipase activity was assessed using a turbidimetric lipase activity assay and an in vitro simulation of the upper digestive tract. The preparations of <i>Ascophyllum nodosum</i>, <i>Fucus vesiculosus</i>, and <i>Pelvetia canaliculata</i> were tested; whole seaweed homogenate, sodium carbonate extract, and ethanol extracts (pellet and supernatant were tested separately). All extracts showed significant inhibition of lipase, suggesting multiple bioactive agents, potentially including alginates, fucoidans, and polyphenols. Whole homogenate extract of <i>F. vesiculosus</i> was the most potent inhibitor of Lipase (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.119 mg mL-1), followed by ethanol supernatant (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.159 mg mL-1) while ethanol pellet and sodium carbonate extract showed relatively weaker inhibition (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.360 mg mL-1 and IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.969 mg mL-1 respectively). For <i>A. nodosum</i> and <i>P. canaliculata</i>, strongest inhibition occurred with ethanol pellet (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.238 and 0.228 mg mL<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). These inhibitory effects were validated in a model gut system. The data presented herein suggests the use of seaweed as a potential weight management tool is deserving of further investigation.
Analysis of Central Fibrotic Foci on Stromal Elastosis in Peripheral Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma. (1993)

外科切除されたType2末梢型肺腺癌204例の中心部線維化巣 (CF) 形成機序を, 弾性線維 (EF) 増生を中心に, 組織学的及び画像解析的に検討した. Type2肺腺癌に特徴的なCFにはEF増生が顕著である. CFのEF増生は無気肺様EF集籏巣形成と, 増生EFの網目構築形成とに分けられる. 後者は2様みられ, 一つはType1様EF網を形成し, air spaceの保たれたEF網内を腫瘍細胞が重積して増殖していて, 主にCFの辺縁にみられる. 他の一つはEF網内のair spaceを膠原線維が置換した膠原化EF網を形成し, 腫瘍腺腔はEF網内側に圧排, 又は消失している. 画像解析ではType1様EF網と膠原化EF網で, EF量の有意差はなく, 膠原化EF網にも腫瘍腺腔とair spaceが存在していたと推測された. 末梢型肺腺癌の初発部位には増生EFの網目構築が形成され, その後, EF網内のair spaceが虚脱し, あるいは膠原化し腫瘍腺腔が圧排, 消失してCFが形成されると考えられた.
Wideband low-noise RF front-end for CNT-NEMS sensors (2012)

Hybrid NEMS interfaces are the key to systems combining the benefits of highly sensitive miniaturized mechanical sensors with the vast functionalities available in electronics. In this context, we analyze diverse RF front-ends meant for interfacing high-impedance carbon nanotube based NEMS. Given the feeble signals from the NEMS, their high output impedance and non-negligible interconnect parasitics, front-end design must imperatively focus on minimal noise figure. Limits on minimal detectable signal are extracted via design, simulation and characterization of a 3-stage common-emitter front-end.
Merging and Splitting of Plasma Spheroids in a Dusty Plasma (2012)

Dust particle growth in a plasma is a strongly disturbing phenomenon for the plasma equilibrium. It can induce many different types of low-frequency instabilities that can be experimentally observed, especially using high-speed imaging. A spectacular case has been observed in a krypton plasma where a huge density of dust particles is grown by material sputtering. The instability consists of well-defined regions of enhanced optical emission that emerge from the electrode vicinity and propagate towards the discharge center. These plasma spheroids have complex motions resulting from their mutual interaction that can also lead to the merging of two plasma spheroids into a single one. The reverse situation is also observed with the splitting of a plasma spheroid into two parts. These results are presented for the first time and reveal new behaviors in dusty plasmas.
The impact of vessel size, orientation and intravascular contribution on the neurovascular fingerprint of BOLD bSSFP fMRI (2017)

Monte Carlo simulations have been used to analyze oxygenation-related signal changes in pass-band balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) as well as in gradient echo (GE) and spin echo (SE) sequences. Signal changes were calculated for artificial cylinders and neurovascular networks acquired from the mouse parietal cortex by two-photon laser scanning microscopy at 1 μm isotropic resolution. Signal changes as a function of vessel size, blood volume, vessel orientation to the main magnetic field B<sub>0</sub> as well as relations of intra- and extravascular and of micro- and macrovascular contributions have been analyzed. The results show that bSSFP is highly sensitive to extravascular and microvascular components. Furthermore, GE and bSSFP, and to a lesser extent SE, exhibit a strong dependence of their signal change on the orientation of the vessel network to B<sub>0</sub>.
A Wound- and Methyl Jasmonate-Inducible Transcript Coding for a Myrosinase-Associated Protein with Similarities to an Early Nodulin (1996)

Myrosinase is regarded as a defense-related enzyme in the Brassicaceae and is capable of hydrolyzing glucosinolates into various compounds, some of which are toxic. Several myrosinase isoenzymes exist, and some of them have been found in association with nonmyrosinase proteins. One of these associated proteins, myrosinase-associated protein (MyAP), was purified from seeds of Brassica napus both in complexes with myrosinase and in a free form. MyAP is a glycosylated, 40-kD protein with at least one intramolecular disufide bridge. A monoclonal anti-MyAP antibody precipitated myrosinase activity from B. napus seed extracts and in these complexes both a 65- and a 70-kD myrosinase were present. The subsequent cloning and analysis revealed the existence of a gene family encoding MyAP or MyAP-related protein and that transcripts corresponding to MyAP in nonwounded plants are found predominantly in seeds. At least some members of the gene family exhibited responsiveness toward wounding and methyl jasmonate vapor. MyAP displayed considerable similarity to an early nodulin (ENOD8) from Medicago sativa and to a proline-rich protein (APG), described as another specific, from Arabidopsis thaliana and B. napus. Similarity to expressed sequence tags from both A. thaliana and Oryza sativa has also been found.
Multi-environment phenotyping of C. elegans for robust evaluation of physical performance (2020)

ABSTRACT Determining the physical performance of humans using several measures is essential to evaluating the severity of diseases, understanding the role of environmental factors, and developing therapeutic interventions. Development of analogous measures of physical performance in model organisms can help in identifying conserved signaling pathways and prioritizing drug candidates. In this study, we propose a multi-environment phenotyping (MEP) approach that generates a comprehensive set of measures indicative of physical performance in C. elegans . We challenge C. elegans in different mechanical environments of burrowing, swimming, and crawling, each of which places different physiological demands on the animals to generate locomotory forces. Implementation of the MEP approach is done using three established assays corresponding to each environment–a hydrogel-based burrowing assay, the CeleST swim assay, and the NemaFlex crawling strength assay. Using this approach, we study individuals and show that these three assays report on unique aspects of nematode physiology, as phenotypic measures obtained from different environments do not correlate with one another. Analysis of a subset of genes representative of oxidative stress, glucose metabolism, and fat metabolism show differential expression depending on the animal’s environment, suggesting that each environment evokes a response with distinct genetic requirements. To demonstrate the utility of the MEP platform, we evaluate the response of a muscular dystrophy model of C. elegans dys-1 to drug interventions of prednisone, melatonin and serotonin. We find that prednisone, which is the current treatment standard for human Duchenne muscular dystrophy, confers benefits in all three assays. Furthermore, while the tested compounds improve the physical performance of dys-1 , these compounds are not able to fully restore the measures to wild-type levels, suggesting the need for discovery efforts to identify more efficacious compounds that could be aided using the MEP platform. In summary, the MEP platform’s ability to robustly define C. elegans locomotory phenotypes demonstrates the utility of the MEP approach toward identification of candidates for therapeutic intervention, especially in disease models in which the neuromuscular performance is impaired.