gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From diachrony to typology : testing typological profiling on advanced non-native data (2015)

In a recent study, I have suggested that advanced L2 English data collected from naturalistic non-instructional settings and traditional learner essays are statistically significantly different when it comes to writers adopting various ongoing grammatical changes. In this paper I will test whether these quantitative and qualitative differences in the nature of the data can be attested through typological profiling which has previously been used to analyze learner varieties and indigenized world English varieties. This paper tests the typological profiling methods elaborated in Szmrecsanyi (2009) and Szmrecsanyi & Kortmann (2011) on advanced L2 English as represented in spoken ELF interactions in VOICE and in a written corpus of advanced L2 English that contains texts from a variety of text types on the informational-interactional continuum. This method measures grammatical analyticity, defined by the presence of free grammatical markers, and grammatical syntheticity, the presence of bound markers. It is expected that the results could shed light on the typological status of advanced L2 English and provide empirical evidence on possible qualitative and quantitative differences between traditional learner data and global English material collected from naturalistic settings.
Inhibition of clot formation in deterministic lateral displacement arrays for processing large volumes of blood for rare cell capture (2015)

Microfluidic deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) arrays have been applied for fractionation and analysis of cells in quantities of ~100 μL of blood, with processing of larger quantities limited by clogging in the chip. In this paper, we (i) demonstrate that this clogging phenomenon is due to conventional platelet-driven clot formation, (ii) identify and inhibit the two dominant biological mechanisms driving this process, and (iii) characterize how further reductions in clot formation can be achieved through higher flow rates and blood dilution. Following from these three advances, we demonstrate processing of 14 mL equivalent volume of undiluted whole blood through a single DLD array in 38 minutes to harvest PC3 cancer cells with ~86% yield. It is possible to fit more than 10 such DLD arrays on a single chip, which would then provide the capability to process well over 100 mL of undiluted whole blood on a single chip in less than one hour.
Preparation of tantalum .mu.-dinitrogen complexes from molecular nitrogen and reduced tantalum complexes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of tantalum .mu.-dinitrogen complexes from molecular nitrogen and reduced tantalum complexesScott M. Rocklage, Howard W. Turner, Jere D. Fellmann, and Richard R. SchrockCite this: Organometallics 1982, 1, 5, 703–707Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00065a006https://doi.org/10.1021/om00065a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views368Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low Levels of Circulating Estrogen Sensitize PTEN-Null Endometrial Tumors to PARP Inhibition In Vivo (2013)

Earlier in vitro work demonstrated that PARP inhibition induces cell death in PTEN-null endometrial cancer cell lines, but the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of these agents against endometrial cancer remains unknown. Here, we test the efficacy of AZD2281 (olaparib), an oral PARP inhibitor, in the therapy of PTEN-null endometrial tumors in a preclinical endometrial cancer mouse model. Primary endometrial tumors were generated by epithelial loss of PTEN using an in vivo model. This model recapitulates epithelial-specific loss of PTEN seen in human tumors, and histologically resembles endometrioid carcinomas, the predominant subtype of human endometrial cancers. Olaparib was administered orally to tumor-bearing mice in two hormonal extremes: high or low estrogen. Olaparib treatment achieved a significant reduction in tumor size in a low estrogenic milieu. In striking contrast, no response to olaparib was seen in tumors exposed to high levels of estrogen. Two key observations were made when estrogen levels were dropped: (i) the serum concentration of olaparib was significantly increased, resulting in sustained PARP inhibition at the tumor bed; and (ii) the homologous recombination pathway was compromised, as evidenced by decreased Rad51 protein expression and function. These two mechanisms may account for the sensitization of PTEN-null tumors to olaparib with estrogen deprivation. Results of this preclinical trial suggest that orally administered PARP inhibitors in a low estrogenic hormonal milieu can effectively target PTEN-null endometrial tumors. Extension of this work to clinical trials could personalize the therapy of women afflicted with advanced endometrial cancer using well-tolerated orally administered therapeutic agents.
Nanostructured Catalysts for the Aldol, Knoevenagel, and Henry Reactions (2013)

This chapter discusses the recent research activities and results on heterogeneous catalysts for aldol, Knoevenagel, and Henry reactions, which are among the most important C-C bond-forming catalytic reactions. Nanostructured catalytic systems are the preferred types of materials because they have high surface areas and sometimes possess inherently unique catalytic activities. The most common synthetic approach to mesoporous catalysts for the aldol, Knoevenagel, and Henry reactions involves functionalization of the high-surface-area mesoporous silica material with the right-type homogeneous catalytic groups for the respective reaction. A class of nanostructured polymeric systems that are widely used as catalysis include dendrimers. Dendrimers, also referred to as dendritic polymers, have been successfully utilized as support materials for metallic nanoparticles and for generating various catalytic or nanocatalytic systems for various organic reactions, including the Henry, Knoevenagel, and aldol reactions.
Where Genetic Algorithms Excel (2001)

We analyze the performance of a genetic algorithm (GA) we call Culling, and a variety of other algorithms, on a problem we refer to as the Additive Search Problem (ASP). We show that the problem of learning the Ising perceptron is reducible to a noisy version of ASP. Noisy ASP is the first problem we are aware of where a genetic-type algorithm bests all known competitors. We generalize ASP to k-ASP to study whether GAs will achieve "implicit parallelism" in a problem with many more schemata. GAs fail to achieve this implicit parallelism, but we describe an algorithm we call Explicitly Parallel Search that succeeds. We also compute the optimal culling point for selective breeding, which turns out to be independent of the fitness function or the population distribution. We also analyze a mean field theoretic algorithm performing similarly to Culling on many problems. These results provide insight into when and how GAs can beat competing methods.
An electrically driven terahertz modulator with over 20 dB of dynamic range (2013)

We design and test a switchable diffraction grating based on active metamaterials for terahertz modulation. We observe off-axis diffraction which permits operation of the device as a high-contrast modulator, with better than 20 dB of dynamic range.
YAP regulates PD-L1 expression in human NSCLC cells (2017)

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a membrane protein on tumor cells that binds to the PD-1 receptor expressed on immune cells, leading to the immune escape of tumor cells. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a main effector of the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway, which plays important roles in cancer development. Here we show that YAP regulates PD-L1 expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. First, we investigated YAP and PD-L1 expression at the protein level in 142 NSCLC samples and 15 normal lung samples. In tumor tissue, immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for YAP and PD-L1, which correlated significantly (<i>n</i> = 142, <i>r</i> = 0.514, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Second, in cell lines that express high levels of PD-L1 (H460, SKLU-1, and H1299), the ratio of p-YAP/YAP was lower and GTIIC reporter activity of the Hippo pathway was higher than those in three cell lines expressing low levels of PD-L1 (A549, H2030, and PC9) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Third, in the same three cell lines, inhibition of YAP by two small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) decreased the mRNA and protein level of PD-L1 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Fourth, forced overexpression of the YAP gene rescued the PD-L1 mRNA and protein level after siRNA knockdown targeting 3'UTR of the endogenous YAP gene. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays using a YAP-specific monoclonal antibody resulted in the precipitation of PD-L1 enhancer region encompassing two putative TEAD binding sites. Our results indicate that YAP regulates the transcription of PD-L1 in NSCLC.
Further Studies at Neuropeptide S Position 5: Discovery of Novel Neuropeptide S Receptor Antagonists (2009)

Neuropeptide S (NPS) regulates various biological functions by activating the NPS receptor (NPSR). Previous studies demonstrated that the substitution of Gly(5) with d-amino acids generates NPSR antagonists. Eleven [d-Xaa(5)]NPS derivatives were synthesized and pharmacologically tested measuring [Ca(2+)](i) in HEK293(mNPSR) cells. The results confirmed that the [d-Xaa(5)] substitution promotes antagonist activity with potency inversely related to the side chain size and allowed identification of the novel potent NPSR peptide antagonist [(t)Bu-d-Gly(5)]NPS.
Menstrual cycle‐related changes in amygdala morphology are associated with changes in stress sensitivity (2011)

Premenstrual increases in negative mood are thought to arise from changes in gonadal hormone levels, presumably by influencing mood regulation and stress sensitivity. The amygdala plays a major role in this context, and animal studies suggest that gonadal hormones influence its morphology. Here, we investigated whether amygdala morphology changes over the menstrual cycle and whether this change explains differences in stress sensitivity. Twenty-eight young healthy women were investigated once during the premenstrual phase and once during the late follicular phase. T1-weighted anatomical images of the brain were acquired using magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed with optimized voxel-based morphometry. To measure mood regulation and stress sensitivity, negative affect was assessed after viewing strongly aversive as well as neutral movie clips. Our results show increased gray matter volume in the dorsal part of the left amygdala during the premenstrual phase when compared with the late follicular phase. This volume increase was positively correlated with the premenstrual increase in stress-induced negative affect. This is the first study showing structural plasticity of the amygdala in humans at the macroscopic level that is associated with both endogenous gonadal hormone fluctuations and stress sensitivity. These results correspond with animal findings of gonadal hormone-mediated neural plasticity in the amygdala and have implications for understanding the pathogenesis of specific mood disorders associated with hormonal fluctuations.
Intrinsic Protein-Protein Interaction-mediated and Chaperonin-assisted Sequential Assembly of Stable Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Protein Complex, the BBSome (2012)

The pleiotropic features of obesity, retinal degeneration, polydactyly, kidney abnormalities, cognitive impairment, hypertension, and diabetes found in Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) make this disorder an important model disorder for identifying molecular mechanisms involved in common human diseases. To date, 16 BBS genes have been reported, seven of which (BBS1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9) code for proteins that form a complex known as the BBSome. The function of the BBSome involves ciliary membrane biogenesis. Three additional BBS genes (BBS6, BBS10, and BBS12) have homology to type II chaperonins and interact with CCT/TRiC proteins and BBS7 to form a complex termed the BBS-chaperonin complex. This complex is required for BBSome assembly. Little is known about the process and the regulation of BBSome formation. We utilized point mutations and null alleles of BBS proteins to disrupt assembly of the BBSome leading to the accumulation of BBSome assembly intermediates. By characterizing BBSome assembly intermediates, we show that the BBS-chaperonin complex plays a role in BBS7 stability. BBS7 interacts with BBS2 and becomes part of a BBS7-BBS2-BBS9 assembly intermediate referred to as the BBSome core complex because it forms the core of the BBSome. BBS1, BBS5, BBS8, and finally BBS4 are added to the BBSome core to form the complete BBSome.
Systematic Study of the Role of Ligand Structure in the Formation of Homobinuclear Rhodium Macrocycles Formed via the Weak-Link Approach (2004)

A series of new bis-1,4-phosphinoethoxyaryl hemilabile ligands of the form (1,4-(Ph2PCH2CH2O)2-arene), where the nature and substituent pattern of the central arene ring have been systematically varied, is reported. These ligands were prepared in two steps by one of two synthetic routes. The reaction of each of these ligands with a highly reactive Rh(I) starting material and the resulting metastable coordination isomers have been investigated. These intermediate structures have been isolated and characterized in solution, and three complexes have been characterized in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The reaction investigated herein is the first step in the weak-link approach to supramolecular coordination complexes. We have utilized the resulting product distribution to glean information about the relative importance of a number of stabilizing effects associated with the metastable intermediates, including the strength of the dative heteroatom−metal bonds, metal−arene interactions, and stacking interactions between arene rings.
Magnetic inequivalency in the EPR spectra of small metal clusters (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMagnetic inequivalency in the EPR spectra of small metal clustersSaba M. Mattar and Geoffrey A. OzinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 7, 1355–1360Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/j100398a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (729 KB) Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Purification of C60 and C70 by Selective Complexation with Calixarenes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modification of the Creator recombination system for proteomics applications – improved expression by addition of splice sites (2006)

The development of new donor and acceptor vectors has increased versatility during the cloning process and made this system compatible with a wider variety of downstream applications. The modifications introduced in our Creator Splice system were designed to remove extraneous sequences due to recombination but also aided in downstream analysis by increasing protein expression levels. As a result, we can now employ epitope tags that are detected less efficiently and reduce our assay scale to allow for higher throughput. The Creator Splice system appears to be an extremely useful tool for proteomics.
Myocardial T1 mapping in different cardiomyopathies at 3.0T (2012)

Measure T1 times in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and compare these values to normal controls using 3.0T CMR.
Loss of DNA mismatch repair in acquired resistance to cisplatin. (1996)

Selection of cells for resistance to cisplatin, a well-recognized mutagen, could result in mutations in genes involved in DNA mismatch repair and thereby to resistance to DNA-alkylating agents. Parental cells of the human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line 2008 expressed hMLH1 when analyzed with immunoblot. One subline selected for resistance to cisplatin (2008/A) expressed no hMLH1, whereas another (2008/C13*5.25) expressed parental levels. Microsatellite instability was readily demonstrated in 2008/A cells but not in 2008 and in 2008/C13*5.25 cells. In addition, the 2008/A cells were 2-fold resistant to methyl-nitro-nitrosoguanidine and had a 65-fold elevated mutation rate at the HPRT locus as compared to 2008 cells, both of which are consistent with the loss of DNA mismatch repair in these cells. To determine whether the loss of DNA mismatch repair itself contributes to cisplatin resistance, studies were carried out in isogenic pairs of cell lines proficient or defective in this function. HCT116, a human colon cancer cell line deficient in hMLH1 function, was 2-fold resistant to cisplatin when compared to a subline complemented with chromosome 3 and expressing hMLH1. Similarly, the human endometrial cancer cell line HEC59, which expresses no hMSH2, was 2-fold resistant to cisplatin when compared to a subline complemented with chromosome 2 that expresses hMSH2. Therefore, the selection of cells for resistance to cisplatin can result in the loss of DNA mismatch repair, and loss of DNA mismatch repair in turn contributes to resistance to cisplatin.
OVRseen: Auditing Network Traffic and Privacy Policies in Oculus VR (2021)

Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology that enables new applications but also introduces privacy risks. In this paper, we focus on Oculus VR (OVR), the leading platform in the VR space and we provide the first comprehensive analysis of personal data exposed by OVR apps and the platform itself, from a combined networking and privacy policy perspective. We experimented with the Quest 2 headset and tested the most popular VR apps available on the official Oculus and the SideQuest app stores. We developed OVRseen, a methodology and system for collecting, analyzing, and comparing network traffic and privacy policies on OVR. On the networking side, we captured and decrypted network traffic of VR apps, which was previously not possible on OVR, and we extracted data flows, defined as . Compared to the mobile and other app ecosystems, we found OVR to be more centralized and driven by tracking and analytics, rather than by third-party advertising. We show that the data types exposed by VR apps include personally identifiable information (PII), device information that can be used for fingerprinting, and VR-specific data types. By comparing the data flows found in the network traffic with statements made in the apps' privacy policies, we found that approximately 70% of OVR data flows were not properly disclosed. Furthermore, we extracted additional context from the privacy policies, and we observed that 69% of the data flows were used for purposes unrelated to the core functionality of apps.
So many states, so little time: verifying memory coherence in the Cray X1 (2004)

This paper investigates a complexity-effective technique for verifying a highly distributed directory-based cache coherence protocol. We develop a novel approach called "witness strings" that combines both formal and informal verification methods to expose design errors within the cache coherence protocol and its Verilog implementation. In this approach a formal execution trace is extracted during model checking of the architectural model and re-encoded to provide the input stimulus for a logic simulation of the corresponding Verilog implementation. This approach brings confidence to system architects that the logic implementation of the coherence protocol conforms to the architectural model. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated by using it to verify the cache coherence protocol of the Cray X1. Using this approach we uncovered three architectural protocol errors and exposed several implementation errors by replaying the witness strings on the Verilog implementation.
Treatment after TAVR — Discordance and Clinical Implications (2020)

Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement (TAVR) has transformed the treatment of severe aortic stenosis. However, questions remain regarding the long-term outcomes of this procedure, including the risk of thromboembolic complications and valve deterioration. It has been recognized that leaflet thrombosis of surgically implanted bioprosthetic valves may result in stenosis and could be reversed by oral anticoagulants.1 With TAVR, early leaflet thrombosis has been identified by hypoattenuated leaflet thickening and reduced leaflet motion on four-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) imaging in more than 15% of patients and could be a potentially treatable contributor to future adverse events.2,3 Although the long-term effects of hypoattenuated leaflet . . .