gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3,12-Diaza-6,9-diazonia-2,13-dioxotetradecane bis(perchlorate) (2012)

The crystal structure of the title diprotonated diacetyl-triethyl-ene-tetra-mine (DAT) perchorate salt, C(10)H(24)N(4)O(2) (2+)·2ClO(4) (-), can be described as a three-dimensional assembly of alternating layers consisting of diprotonated diacetyl-triethyl-ene-tetra-mine (H(2)DAT)(2+) strands along [100] and the anionic species ClO(4) (-). The (H(2)DAT)(2+) cations in the strands are connected via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding between the acetyl groups and the amine groups of neighbouring (H(2)DAT)(2+) cations. Layers of (H(2)DAT)(2+) strands and perchlorate anions are connected by a network of hydrogen bonds between the NH and NH(2) groups and the O atoms of the perchlorate anion. The asymmetric unit consits of one perchlorate anion in a general position, as well as of one cation that is located on a center of inversion.
A Plattform for Location Based Augmented Reality Applications (2002)

Augmented Reality (AR), enhancing a user’s perception of the real world with computer generated entities, and mobile computing, allowing users to access and manipulate information anytime and independent of location, are two emerging user interface tech­ nologies that show great promise. The combination of both into a single system makes the power of computer enhanced interaction and communication in the real world acces­ sible anytime and everywhere. This paper describes our work to build a mobile Aug­ mented Reality system that supports true stereoscopic 3D graphics, a pen and pad interface and direct interaction with virtual objects. The system is assembled from off-theshelf hardware components and serves as a basic test bed for user interface experi­ ments related to computer supported collaborative work in Augmented Reality. It also describes some applications we are developing in the area of location based computing.
Island clustering analysis for the comparison of the membrane and the soluble protein fractions of human brain proteome (2008)

A protein identified in multiple separate bands of a 1-D gel reflects variation in the molecular weight caused by alternative splicing, endoproteolytic cleavage, or PTMs, such as glycosylation or ubiquitination. To characterize such a protein distribution over the bands, we defined an entity called an 'island' as the band region including the bands of the same protein identified sequentially. We quantified the island distribution using a new variable called an Iscore. Previously, as described in Park et al.. (Proteomics 2006, 6, 4978-4986.), we analyzed human brain tissue using a multidimensional MS/MS separation method. Here, the new method of island analysis was applied to the previous proteome data. The soluble and membrane protein fractions of human brain tissue were reanalyzed using the island distribution. The proteome of the soluble fraction exhibited more variation in island positions than that of the membrane fraction. Through the island analysis, we identified protein modifications and protein complexes over the 1-D gel bands.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of Brominated 2‐Nitroimidazoles. (1989)

Abstract The imidazole (VI) is suitable for the preparation of the nitro derivative (III), which is required for studies concerned with hypoxia‐selective drugs.
A FORTRAN program for predicting the effects of chromatic adaptation on color appearance based on current CIE recommendations (1986)

Abstract The CIE has recently recommended for field trial a method for predicting corresponding colors with a change in chromatic adaptation. To aid the CIE in collecting results illustrating the accuracy of these predictions, a FORTRAN program currently used by the Munsell Color Science Laboratory is listed along with test data. This chromatic‐adaptation transform can be used to calculate CIELAB or CIELUV metrics for non‐daylight illuminants, indices of illuminant metamerism, and indices of color constancy. Including this transform in these calculations, it is hoped, will result in metrics with better correlation to visual assessments. It is hoped that readers will implement this method, compare the effectivness of this chromatic‐adaptation transform to visual evaluations, and report their results to CIE Technical Committee 1–06.
The effect of a herbal combination of primrose, gentian root, vervain, elder flowers, and sorrel on olfactory function in patients with a sinonasal olfactory dysfunction (2011)

Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom in patients with inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Among numerous drugs, so far only the use of steroids has been shown to have a positive effect on olfactory function. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate whether patients with sinonasal disease would benefit in terms of olfactory function from oral treatment with a herbal drug (combination of primrose, gentian root, vervain, elder flowers, and sorrel: Sinupret(r)) which is commonly used in sinusitis. Olfactory function was tested using a standardised olfactory test kit (`sniffin` sticks`). The drug was applied in a double-blind fashion: after an initial therapy of 7 days of oral prednisolone for all participants with a sinonasal olfactory disease, participants were divided into a placebo- and a verum-group; tests were performed before and after treatment over a 2 months period. Statistical analysis did not reveal any major differences in olfactory function in relation to treatment. Considering that its benefit for the inflammatory component of sinusitis has been shown, the herbal drug may exhibit positive effects on olfactory function in a different setting, e.g., when applied without preceding administration of prednisolone, or when used in patients with certain degrees of rhinosinusitis.
Microdeletions ofELP4Are Associated with Language Impairment, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Mental Retardation (2015)

Copy-number variations (CNVs) are important in the aetiology of neurodevelopmental disorders and show broad phenotypic manifestations. We compared the presence of small CNVs disrupting the ELP4-PAX6 locus in 4,092 UK individuals with a range of neurodevelopmental conditions, clinically referred for array comparative genomic hybridization, with WTCCC controls (n = 4,783). The phenotypic analysis was then extended using the DECIPHER database. We followed up association using an autism patient cohort (n = 3,143) compared with six additional control groups (n = 6,469). In the clinical discovery series, we identified eight cases with ELP4 deletions, and one with a partial duplication of ELP4 and PAX6. These cases were referred for neurological phenotypes including language impairment, developmental delay, autism, and epilepsy. Six further cases with a primary diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and similar secondary phenotypes were identified with ELP4 deletions, as well as another six (out of nine) with neurodevelopmental phenotypes from DECIPHER. CNVs at ELP4 were only present in 1/11,252 controls. We found a significant excess of CNVs in discovery cases compared with controls, P = 7.5 × 10(-3) , as well as for autism, P = 2.7 × 10(-3) . Our results suggest that ELP4 deletions are highly likely to be pathogenic, predisposing to a range of neurodevelopmental phenotypes from ASD to language impairment and epilepsy.
Supplemental Figure 3 from An Integrated Molecular Analysis of Lung Adenocarcinomas Identifies Potential Therapeutic Targets among TTF1-Negative Tumors, Including DNA Repair Proteins and Nrf2 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 3. Cell line drug sensitivity, comparison of IC50 values identifies drugs differently active in TTF1 high and low cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
The carboxy-terminal hydrophobic domain of TIG3, a class II tumor suppressor protein, is required for appropriate cellular localization and optimal biological activity. (2000)

TIG3 is a recently discovered class II tumor suppressor protein, originally isolated from retinoid-treated cultured epidermal keratinocytes, that suppresses the proliferation of a variety of epithelial cell types. In the present study, we examine the ability of this protein to reduce CHO, T47D and HaCaT cell proliferation, and the role of the carboxy-terminal hydrophobic domain in this regulation. Vector-mediated expression of the full length TIG3 protein, TIG31-164, results in a 50-70% reduction colony formation efficiency. Expression of a truncated mutant, TIG31-134, that lacks the putative carboxy-terminal membrane-anchoring domain, results in a partial loss of ability to suppress colony formation. The fact that the truncated protein remains partially active suggests that both the amino- and carboxy-terminal regions of TIG3 are required for optimal growth suppression. The full-length protein is distributed in a perinuclear location, and is not present in the nucleus. TIG31-134, in contrast, is distributed in the cytoplasm. Thus, a change in location is associated with the partial loss of activity. We also monitored the distribution of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-TIG3 fusion proteins. GFP-TIG31-164 was localized in a pattern similar to that observed for TIG31-164, while GFP-TIG31-134 displayed a distribution pattern similar to GFP. This suggests that the c-terminal hydrophobic domain has an important role in determining the intracellular localization of TIG3. In addition, GFP-TIG31-164 retains the ability to inhibit cell function, while GFP-TIG31-134 is inactive.
Ductile Concrete--Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) for Durable Bridge Deck Repair and Rehabilitation (2011)

This paper presents a material solution - ductile concrete engineered cementitious composites (ECC) for bridge deck repair and rehabilitation, a long-standing problem facing transportation engineers. Conventional bridge deck concretes are prone to cracking and subsequent corrosion and delamination under environmental and mechanical loading, resulting in a significant reduction of durability and service life. Literatures have shown that about half of the field concrete repair failed, requiring unsustainable cycles of concrete repair. Ductile concrete ECC is a relatively new cementitious material, characterized by tight crack width and high ductility of 3-5% under uniaxial tensile loading. This is about 300 to 500 times compared with the tensile ductility of normal concrete material as well as fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). With these unique properties, ECC can easily overcome many typical distresses faced by bridge deck, such as concrete fracturing, steel reinforcement corrosion, salt scaling, freeze-thaw damage, etc. After introduction of the basic material and durability properties of ECC, the ECC demonstration projects will be presented to illustrate its advantageous use on the bridge decks. The results show that ECC can be effectively used as a material solution for the bridge deck repair and rehabilitation.
Release of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and CXCL8/Interleukin-8 from Lung Epithelial Cells Rendered Necrotic by Influenza A Virus Infection (2002)

Bronchiolar epithelial cells are the prime targets for influenza A virus infection. It still remains to be clarified which signals are generated from these cells to initiate an immune response. Among chemokines, viral infection of primary lung epithelial cells triggered exclusively the release of CXCL8/interleukin-8 (IL-8), which contrasts with our previous observation that influenza A virus induced in monocytes the expression of mononuclear-leukocyte-attracting chemokines and even suppressed the production of neutrophil-attracting chemokines. Therefore, we speculated that it may be advantageous for respiratory epithelial cells to release primarily neutrophil-attracting CXCL8/IL-8 since neutrophils rapidly remove necrotic debris and are the first line of defense against bacterial superinfections. This concept has also been supported by our finding that influenza A virus infection led to necrosis of lung epithelial cells. This is in striking contrast to previous studies where influenza A virus infection induced apoptosis in monocytes and epithelial cells from origins other than the lung. Thus, the cell type instead of the virus determines which death pathway will be followed. In addition to the release of CXCL8/IL-8, we obtained a massive release of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) from virus-infected lung cells. However, whereas the CXCL8/IL-8 secretion was accompanied by induced gene activation, the transcription rate of MIF remained unchanged during the infection course and the virus-induced MIF release was predominantly a discharge from intracellular stores, suggesting that MIF is passively released upon cell death. Despite virus induced necrosis, the passively liberated MIF remained bioactive. Considering the well-established immunostimulatory effects of MIF on different leukocyte subsets, is its very likely that enhanced levels of MIF may contribute to the host immune response during the acute phase of influenza A virus infection in humans.
Bis‐tridentate IrIII Phosphors Bearing Two Fused Five‐Six‐Membered Metallacycles: A Strategy to Improved Photostability of Blue Emitters (2019)

Iridium complexes bearing chelating cyclometalates are popular choices as dopant emitters in the fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this contribution, we report a series of blue-emitting, bis-tridentate Ir<sup>III</sup> complexes bearing chelates with two fused five-six-membered metallacycles, which are in sharp contrast to the traditional designs of tridentate chelates that form the alternative, fused five-five metallacycles. Five Ir<sup>III</sup> complexes, Px-21-23, Cz-4, and Cz-5, have been synthesized that contain a coordinated dicarbene pincer chelate incorporating a methylene spacer and a dianionic chromophoric chelate possessing either a phenoxy or carbazolyl appendage to tune the coordination arrangement. All these tridentate chelates afford peripheral ligand-metal-ligand bite angles of 166-170°, which are larger than the typical bite angle of 153-155° observed for their five-five-coordinated tridentate counterparts, thereby leading to reduced geometrical distortion in the octahedral frameworks. Photophysical measurements and TD-DFT studies verified the inherent transition characteristics that give rise to high emission efficiency, and photodegradation experiments confirmed the improved stability in comparison with the benchmark fac-[Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub> ] in degassed toluene at room temperature. Phosphorescent OLED devices were also fabricated, among which the carbazolyl-functionalized emitter Cz-5 exhibited the best performance among all the studied bis-tridentate phosphors, showing a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE<sub>max</sub> ) of 18.7 % and CIE<sub>x,y</sub> coordinates of (0.145, 0.218), with a slightly reduced EQE of 13.7 % at 100 cd m<sup>-2</sup> due to efficiency roll-off.
Silicide Engineering to Boost Si Tunnel Transistor Drive Current (2011)

In this paper, we present for the first time a novel Si p-tunnel field effect transistor (pTFET) with high-k dielectric and metal gate fabricated in a multiple gate technology. The device exhibits an on-state current of 7 µA/µm at VDD of 0.9 V and a high ION/IOFF ratio of ∼106 with a fin width of 10 nm. The high on-current is believed to be due to an enhanced electric field caused by silicide encroachment and dopant segregation. Low variability of the device performance is reported for the different fin widths. Temperature measurements also show that the current is due to different transport mechanisms at different gate biases. Temperature measurements and TCAD simulations both confirm the presence of trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) as main responsible for the degradation of the subthreshold swing.
Systemic autophagy in the therapeutic response to anthracycline-based chemotherapy (2018)

The success of chemotherapy largely depends on the anticancer immune response triggered by tumor cells that succumb to immunogenic cell death (ICD). One of the hallmarks of ICD is premortem autophagy that facilitates the release of adenosine triphosphate from dying cancer cells and acts as a chemoattractant for dendritic cell precursors. Here, we show that the immune response induced by inoculation of cancer cells undergoing ICD in response to the anthracycline mitoxantrone (MTX) can be improved by a short-term fasting regimen (48 hours of starvation) and that this effect is reversed by systemic administration of the autophagy inhibitor dimethyl α-ketoglutarate. Tumor growth reduction by MTX treatment is known to depend on autophagy induction in cancer cells as well as on an intact immune system. We compared the antitumor effects of MTX on autophagy-competent cancers implanted in wild type (WT) or partially autophagy-deficient (<i>Becn1</i><sup>±</sup> or <i>Atg4b</i><sup>-/-</sup>) mice. While there was no difference in the tumor growth reducing effects of MTX on tumors evolving in WT, <i>Becn1</i><sup>+/-</sup> and <i>Atg4b</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice, we observed an increase in the toxicity of MTX on <i>Atg4b</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice. These results suggest that autophagy in cancer cells (but less so in host cells) is rate-limiting for therapeutically relevant anticancer immune responses, yet has a major role in blunting the life-threatening toxicity of chemotherapy.
Intelligent Image-Activated Cell Sorting and Beyond (2019)

We present a groundbreaking machine intelligence technology called “intelligent image-activated cell sorting” that achieves high-throughput image-triggered sorting of single cells by integrating high-speed fluorescence microscopy, cell focusing, cell sorting, and deep learning.
Design Considerations for Reconfigurable Delay Circuit to Emulate System Critical Paths (2014)

The design, analysis, and implementation of an accurate delay circuit used to synthesize critical paths in a microprocessor system are presented. The delay circuit includes a novel 64-step programmable calibration delay line that is highly uniform across a wide range of supply voltages and a reconfigurable delay path with tunable delay sensitivity to voltage variations. The calibration delay line generates delay step in picosecond range, which is less than 1% of the clock cycle time for the microprocessor. The reconfigurable path is capable of increasing voltage sensitivity of the delay circuit by 40% and emulating the steeper frequency versus voltage slope of the microprocessor in low-voltage domain. The proposed circuit is implemented inside the critical path monitor block placed on a test microprocessor core fabricated using 22-nm silicon-on-insulator CMOS process. Measurement results from nine test cores show that the circuit tracks microprocessor timing margin change with an error less than 1.3% of the core operating frequency over a wide supply voltage range.
Compaction of DNA in an anionic micelle environment followed by assembly into phosphatidylcholine liposomes (2000)

A difficult problem concerning the interaction of DNA with amphiphiles of opposite charge above their critical micelle concentration is the propensity for aggregation of the condensed DNA complexes. In this study, this problem was addressed by attenuating amphiphile charge density within a cholate micelle environment. The amphiphile consisted of a cationic peptide, acetyl-CWKKKPKK-amide, conjugated to dilaurylphos-phatidylethanolamine. In the presence of cholate, multiple equivalents of cationic charge were required to bring about the completion of DNA condensation. At the end point of condensation, stable, soluble DNA-micelle complexes were formed, which by dynamic light scattering exhibited apparent hydro-dynamic diameters between 30 and 60 nm. Aggregation, as measured by static light scattering at 90 degrees and by turbidity, was not observed until further additions of peptide-lipid conjugate were made beyond the end point of DNA condensation. Liposome complexes containing the non-aggregated, compacted DNA were formed by adding dioleoylphosphatidylcholine followed by removing the cholate by dialysis. The resulting complexes were distributed within a narrow density range, the DNA was quantitatively assembled into the liposomes, and liposomes without DNA were not detected. Small particles were formed with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 77 nm. The liposomal DNA showed complete retention of its supercoiled form and no detectable sensitivity to DNase (25 U/10 microg DNA, 1.5 h, 37 degrees C). The use of an anionic, dialyzable amphiphile to attenuate charge inter-actions between DNA and cationic amphiphiles is a useful technology for the quantitative assembly of compacted DNA into conventional liposomes, with complete protection against nuclease activity.
Learning an Attention Model for Robust 2-D/3-D Registration Using Point-To-Plane Correspondences (2020)

Minimally invasive procedures rely on image guidance for navigation at the operation site to avoid large surgical incisions. X-ray images are often used for guidance, but important structures may be not well visible. These structures can be overlaid from pre-operative 3-D images and accurate alignment can be established using 2-D/3-D registration. Registration based on the point-to-plane correspondence model was recently proposed and shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance. However, registration may still fail in challenging cases due to a large portion of outliers. In this paper, we describe a learning-based correspondence weighting scheme to improve the registration performance. By learning an attention model, inlier correspondences get higher attention in the motion estimation while the outlier correspondences are suppressed. Instead of using per-correspondence labels, our objective function allows to train the model directly by minimizing the registration error. We demonstrate a highly increased robustness, e.g. increasing the success rate from 84.9% to 97.0% for spine registration. In contrast to previously proposed learning-based methods, we also achieve a high accuracy of around 0.5mm mean re-projection distance. In addition, our method requires a relatively small amount of training data, is able to learn from simulated data, and generalizes to images with additional structures which are not present during training. Furthermore, a single model can be trained for both, different views and different anatomical structures.
Evidence for exciton confinement in crystalline organic multiple quantum wells (1991)

Multiple-quantum-well structures based on two crystalline organic semiconductors, namely, 3,4,9,10 perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and 3,4,7,8 naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, have been grown by organic molecular-beam deposition. Both optical-absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal a significant effect on the binding energy and the radiative recombination probability of excitons due to localization of carriers. Variational calculations of the ground-state exciton energy in quantum wells have been done, and the results agree with the experimental data. This provides evidence for exciton confinement in organic quantum-well structures.