gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kallikrein Gene Transfer Protects Against Ischemic Stroke by Promoting Glial Cell Migration and Inhibiting Apoptosis (2003)

Kallikrein/kinin has been shown to protect against ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial infarction and apoptosis. In the present study, we examined the potential neuroprotective action of kallikrein gene transfer in cerebral ischemia. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 1-hour occlusion of the middle cerebral artery followed by intracerebroventricular injection of adenovirus harboring either the human tissue kallikrein gene or the luciferase gene. Kallikrein gene transfer significantly reduced ischemia-induced locomotor deficit scores and cerebral infarction after cerebral ischemia injury. Expression of recombinant human tissue kallikrein was identified and localized in monocytes/macrophages of rat ischemic brain by double immunostaining. Morphological analyses showed that kallikrein gene transfer enhanced the survival and migration of glial cells into the ischemic penumbra and core, as identified by immunostaining with glial fibrillary acidic protein. Cerebral ischemia markedly increased apoptotic cells, and kallikrein gene delivery reduced apoptosis to near-normal levels as seen in sham control rats. In primary cultured glial cells, kinin stimulated cell migration but inhibited hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of kinin on both migration and apoptosis were abolished by icatibant, a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist. Enhanced cell survival after kallikrein gene transfer occurred in conjunction with markedly increased cerebral nitric oxide levels and phospho-Akt and Bcl-2 levels but reduced caspase-3 activation, NAD(P)H oxidase activity, and superoxide production. These results indicate that kallikrein gene transfer provides neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia injury by enhancing glial cell survival and migration and inhibiting apoptosis through suppression of oxidative stress and activation of the Akt-Bcl-2 signaling pathway.
Expanding the Development of More Durable Friction Modifiers with Sustained Friction-Reduction: Extended Tribological Studies and Oil-Aging (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To gain some insight into friction modifier (FM) performance retention in engine oils, we have developed a series of tribology measurements to measure and understand &lt;i&gt;friction reduction performance retention&lt;/i&gt; by extended tribology measurements of the changes in the coefficient of friction (COF) with time. In some cases, after several days of data collection, these tests give us insight into how friction modifiers might perform in real engine operating conditions with typical long oil drain intervals. Results are presented from both a series of sequential tribology oil studies with and without FMs, as well as longer isothermal hold studies, developed using a Cameron Plint TE-77 cylinder-on-plate, and PCS-Instruments Mini-Traction-Machine ball-on-disk friction instruments. Specifically studied, were Glycerolmonooleate (GMO), Molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC), and an experimental organic friction modifier (Exp-OFM1) of a completely ashless (containing no inorganic metals) C, H, O, N surface active molecular structure. The results show the friction reduction retention can vary significantly with friction modifier type. Nitro-oxidation of the oils was also studied by tribological methods and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), to track induced changes in COF, viscosity, oxidation, and nitration, simulating oil aging.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ACTR-34. SINGLE AGENT ONC201 IN PREVIOUSLY-TREATED, PROGRESSIVE ADULT H3 K27M-MUTANT GLIOMA (2019)

Abstract H3 K27M-mutant gliomas often manifest as midline gliomas, have a dismal prognosis, and have no established or effective treatments at recurrence. ONC201 is the first clinical bitopic DRD2 antagonist/ClpP agonist and is under evaluation in Phase II trials for gliomas and other cancers. We previously reported in vitro studies suggesting dysregulated dopamine receptor expression and enhanced ONC201 sensitivity among H3 K27M-mutant gliomas. Following these observations, adults with midline H3 K27M-mutant glioma patients were enrolled to a dedicated Phase II clinical trial (NCT03295396), a multi-arm Phase II trial (NCT0252569), and expanded access protocols under the Sponsor’s IND. An integrated radiographic analysis with an objective response rate primary endpoint in patients who received ONC201 monotherapy with confirmed H3 K27M-mutant glioma (not primarily in the pons or spinal cord and without leptomeningeal spread) that was progressive and measurable disease by RANO criteria, &gt;90 days from completion of prior radiation, and had KPS &gt;60. As of December 15, 2018, 15 patients have received single agent ONC201 who meet these criteria (n=9 NCT03295396; n=5 NCT0252569; n=1 expanded access). ONC201 was orally administered at 625 mg weekly, except for one patient dosed once every 3 weeks. As midline gliomas can exhibit a mixture of contrast-enhancing and non-contrast-enhancing disease, objective response was assessed by blinded independent central review using RANO-HGG and RANO-LGG criteria for each patient. Best response to date by RANO-HGG criteria is at least 27%: 1 CR, 3 PR, 7 SD, and 4 PD; by RANO-LGG is at least 36%: 1 CR, 1 PR, 3 minor response (MR), 4 SD, 5 PD, 1 unevaluable. By RANO-HGG, median onset of response is 2.6 months (range 1.3–3.4); median duration of response has not been reached with a median follow-up of 7.7 months (range 1.8–29.8). Updated radiographic response, pharmacodynamics, safety, and other clinical outcomes will be reported.
Systems Biology and Pangenome of Salmonella O-Antigens (2019)

O-antigens are glycopolymers in lipopolysaccharides expressed on the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria. Variability in the O-antigen structure constitutes the basis for the establishment of the serotyping schema. We pursued a two-pronged approach to define the basis for O-antigen structural diversity. First, we developed a bottom-up systems biology approach to O-antigen metabolism by building a reconstruction of <i>Salmonella</i> O-antigen biosynthesis and used it to (i) update 410 existing <i>Salmonella</i> strain-specific metabolic models, (ii) predict a strain's serogroup and its O-antigen glycan synthesis capability (yielding 98% agreement with experimental data), and (iii) extend our workflow to more than 1,400 Gram-negative strains. Second, we used a top-down pangenome analysis to elucidate the genetic basis for intraserogroup O-antigen structural variations. We assembled a database of O-antigen gene islands from over 11,000 sequenced <i>Salmonella</i> strains, revealing (i) that gene duplication, pseudogene formation, gene deletion, and bacteriophage insertion elements occur ubiquitously across serogroups; (ii) novel serotypes in the group O:4 B2 variant, as well as an additional genotype variant for group O:4, and (iii) two novel O-antigen gene islands in understudied subspecies. We thus comprehensively defined the genetic basis for O-antigen diversity.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Lipopolysaccharides are a major component of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria. They are composed of a conserved lipid structure that is embedded in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane and a polysaccharide known as the O-antigen. O-antigens are highly variable in structure across strains of a species and are crucial to a bacterium's interactions with its environment. They constitute the first line of defense against both the immune system and bacteriophage infections and have been shown to mediate antimicrobial resistance. The significance of our research is in identifying the metabolic and genetic differences within and across O-antigen groups in <i>Salmonella</i> strains. Our effort constitutes a first step toward characterizing the O-antigen metabolic network across Gram-negative organisms and a comprehensive overview of genetic variations in <i>Salmonella</i>.
Compact polarization-insensitive 2x2 optical switch (2004)

We demonstrate a compact, low power 2/spl times/2 optical switch with a contrast ratio (21/spl plusmn/2)dB over the temperature range from 16/spl deg/C to 64/spl deg/C a polarization sensitivity < 2 dB and a propagation loss (3/spl plusmn/2)dB from /spl lambda/ = 1520 nm to 1580 nm.
Effect of the insertion of an ultrathin AlP layer on the optical properties of GaAsP/GaP quantum wells (1999)

We have systematically investigated the correlation between electronic states and optical properties in indirect GaAsP/GaP quantum wells (QW's) which have an ultrathin AlP layer inserted during fabrication. The insertion of 1 monolayer (ML) of AlP at the center of a 60-\AA{} GaAsP QW drastically increased the photoluminescence intensity, and in particular the efficiency of the no-phonon (NP) transition. The NP intensity relative to its TO phonon replica was found to be greatly dependent on the structural parameters and was drastically reduced when the arsenic composition of the well region exceeded 15%. The relative NP intensity was found to increase sharply as the width of the AlP layer was increased above 2 ML's. These results suggest that the efficiency of the NP transition is improved when the ${X}_{z}$ electrons are involved in radiative recombination rather than the ${X}_{\mathrm{xy}}$ electrons.
Power Calculations for Overmoded High Power Millimeter-Wave Devices (2022)

The microwave electronic efficiency of high-power microwave devices is derived from the ratio of total radiated power to input electron beam power. In this work, we are exploring different approaches to calculate the radiated power from high-power microwave and millimeter-wave devices. The total radiated power is usually obtained by integrating the measured radiation pattern in the far-field. For high-power microwave experiments, it is only possible to collect a limited number of data to estimate the total power. In addition, it is a challenge to map the radiation pattern in both the horizontal and vertical planes. One possible way is by fitting the data points using a curve fitting tool to find a mathematical expression and then integrating the function over the solid angle regardless of the operating mode. The power pattern data points can be interpreted as the radiation power density or the radiation power intensity. That is valid for the far-field region, which is not always possible for millimeter-wave range.
Protection Against Oxidative Stress—Induced Insulin Resistance in Rat L6 Muscle Cells by Micromolar Concentrations of α-Lipoic Acid (2001)

In diabetic patients, alpha-lipoic acid (LA) improves skeletal muscle glucose transport, resulting in increased glucose disposal; however, the molecular mechanism of action of LA is presently unknown. We studied the effects of LA on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport in cultured rat L6 muscle cells that overexpress GLUT4. When 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake was measured in these cells, they were more sensitive and responsive to insulin than wild-type L6 cells. LA, at concentrations < or = 1 mmol/l, had only small effects on glucose transport in cells not exposed to oxidative stress. When cells were exposed to glucose oxidase and glucose to generate H2O2 and cause oxidative stress, there was a marked decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose transport. Pretreatment with LA over the concentration range of 10-1,000 pmol/l protected the insulin effect from inhibition by H2O2. Both the R and S isomers of LA were equally effective. In addition, oxidative stress caused a significant decrease (approximately 50%) in reduced glutathione concentration, along with the rapid activation of the stress-sensitive p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Pretreatment with LA prevented both of these events, coincident with protecting insulin action. These studies indicate that in muscle, the major site of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, one important effect of LA on the insulin-signaling cascade is to protect cells from oxidative stress-induced insulin resistance.
Lactate Inhibits Lipolysis in Fat Cells through Activation of an Orphan G-protein-coupled Receptor, GPR81 (2008)

Lactic acid is a well known metabolic by-product of intense exercise, particularly under anaerobic conditions. Lactate is also a key source of energy and an important metabolic substrate, and it has also been hypothesized to be a signaling molecule directing metabolic activity. Here we show that GPR81, an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor highly expressed in fat, is in fact a sensor for lactate. Lactate activates GPR81 in its physiological concentration range of 1-20 mM and suppresses lipolysis in mouse, rat, and human adipocytes as well as in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Adipocytes from GPR81-deficient mice lack an antilipolytic response to lactate but are responsive to other antilipolytic agents. Lactate specifically induces internalization of GPR81 after receptor activation. Site-directed mutagenesis of GPR81 coupled with homology modeling demonstrates that classically conserved key residues in the transmembrane binding domains are responsible for interacting with lactate. Our results indicate that lactate suppresses lipolysis in adipose tissue through a direct activation of GPR81. GPR81 may thus be an attractive target for the treatment of dyslipidemia and other metabolic disorders.
A passive microfluidic fragmentation system for continuous fluid-particles separation (2013)

We present herein a microfluidic system based on passive effects for continuously separate a diphasic fluid-particles flow. Initially developed as a portable blood fragmentation device, its ability to operate passively, on several kinds of objects – organic or inorganic – opens the way to environmental applications, such as water cleaning or analysis. This technology can be implemented as a SamplePrep system, first step of an on-site analysis protocol. In addition, its low-cost and reliable manufacturing, compact size, low weight and ease of use make this technology a possible support for the deployment of health policies in developing countries.
Optomechanics with high-contrast gratings (2014)

High-contrast gratings fabricated in free-standing membranes of silicon nitride are a remarkable new platform for optomechanics, as they combine high reflectivity, low mass, and a high mechanical quality factor in a single device. In an effort to further improve on our earlier designs, we are now fabricating high-contrast gratings from stoichiometric silicon nitride. The new gratings have a diameter of 80 μm, a thickness of 250 μm, and are patterned in square membranes from 100 μm to 500 μm on a side. We find reflectivities R &lt; 0.994 for these devices, and fundamental mechanical resonance frequencies above 1.5 MHz. In addition, we have incorporated HCGs fabricated from low-stress silicon nitride into a “membrane-in-the-middle” setup, and observe that the cavity transmission spectrum is distorted from a constant free spectral range of 3 GHz to one characterized by anticrossings separated by 72 ± 2 MHz.
Biotechnology Opens New Routes to High-Performance Materials for Improved Photovoltaics, Batteries, Uncooled IR Detectors, Ferroelectrics and Optical Applications (2006)

Biological systems fabricate multifunctional, high-performance materials at low temperatures and near-neutral pH with a precision of three-dimensional nanostructural control that exceeds the capabilities of present human engineering. Using the tools of biotechnology and genetic engineering, we discovered the unanticipated mechanism of simultaneous catalysis and templating governing the nanofabrication of silica in a biological system. We then translated this mechanism to develop a new biologically inspired, low-temperature, low-cost route for the synthesis of silica and a wide range of silicones, organic polymers and nanostructured metal oxide,-hydroxide and-phosphate semiconductor thin films without the use of organic templates. This new synthesis
Efficient XML Interchange for rich internet applications (2009)

The tremendous acceptance of Web applications, or more specifically, rich media applications are about to be extended to embedded devices such as mobile phones, digital picture frames or TV sets. The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is one important pillar when we deal with such Internet applications. XML is known as the interchange language of the Web. Besides its outstanding features, in the domain of embedded devices, XML is difficult to handle due to the processing overhead and the verbosity associated with its use. This paper evaluates the efficient access of rich Internet applications especially in the domain of resource limited embedded devices such as digital picture frames. For this purpose, typical XML source information models for rich Internet applications, such as Silverlight and SVG, are evaluated. In this context, the new efficient XML interchange (EXI) format is applied and studied. Finally a generic adaption of the EXI format is developed to even increase the efficiency. The paper concludes with the proposal for further studies on an integration of EXI-based typed interfaces to reduce the processing complexity for rich media applications on embedded devices.
Recombinant human interleukin‐1 β–induced increase in levels of proteoglycans, stromelysin, and leukocytes in rabbit synovial fluid (1992)

Taken together, the data suggest that there is a coordinate increase in SF stromelysin and proteoglycan levels in rabbits injected with IL-1, and that leukocytes play a minimal role in the accumulation of proteoglycans and stromelysin in the SF.
WSN for Machine Area Network applications (2016)

This paper presents the use of wireless sensor network (WSN) technologies in a newly growing application space in industrial Internet or industry 4.0. This application space focuses on factory automation and field process management that we call Machine Area Network (MAN) applications. We describe key requirements, major technical challenges and how hardware and software can be combined to address these requirements in MAN. A mechanism that allows machine-to-machine (M2M) direct data sharing using a time-synchronous network that utilizes a time-stamping approach is also presented. The paper also discusses scalability of the network and how it crosses the boundaries of media specific characteristics that enables flexible network setup. TI silicon-based Intelligent Industrial Internet sensor node platform is briefly discussed to tackle above technical challenges in MAN industrial applications.
Isolation of Serpulina pilosicoli from environmental and other sources on a piggery (1998)

The intestinal spirochaete Serpulina pilosicoli causes intestinal spirochaetosis (IS), a diarrhoeal disease of pigs and other species. This condition is widespread, though often undiagnosed, and causes losses to the pig industry through reduced growth rates and poor feed conversion (3). Very little is known about the epidemiology.&#13;\n&#13;\nPorcine intestinal spirochaetosis (PIS) is a diarrhoeal disease of weaners and growers, associated with a mild colitis. Control of the aetiological agent, Serpulina pilosicoli, has relied mainly on the use of antimicrobial agents. In contrast, besides the use of antimicrobials and appropriate management practices, it is our experience that the closely related Serpulina hyodysenteriae (the agent of swine dysentery) can also be partially controlled by bacterin vaccines (1), whilst experimentally-infected pigs totally resist challenge if fed• a diet based on cooked white rice and animal protein (4, 5). This diet results in reduced microbial fermentation in the large intestine, and it appears that these conditions inhibit colonisation by the spirochaete. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the use of a bacterin vaccine or a rice-based diet could similarly inhibit colonisation by S. pilosicoli.
Nanoscale Particulate Systems for Multidrug Delivery: Towards Improved Combination Chemotherapy (2014)

While combination chemotherapy has led to measurable improvements in cancer treatment outcomes, its full potential remains to be realized. Nanoscale particles such as liposomes, nanoparticles and polymer micelles have been shown to increase delivery to the tumor site while bypassing many drug resistance mechanisms that limit the effectiveness of conventional therapies. Recent efforts in drug delivery have focused on coordinated, controlled delivery of multiple anticancer agents encapsulated within a single particle system. In this review, we analyze recent progress made in multidrug delivery in three main areas of interest: co-delivery of antineoplastic agents with drug sensitizers, sequential delivery via temporal release particles and simultaneous delivery of multiple agents. Future directions of the field, in light of recent advances with molecularly targeted agents, are suggested and discussed.
The impact of post-processing on spinal cord diffusion tensor imaging (2013)

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides information about the microstructure in the brain and spinal cord. While new neuroimaging techniques have significantly advanced the accuracy and sensitivity of DTI of the brain, the quality of spinal cord DTI data has improved less. This is in part due to the small size of the spinal cord (ca. 1cm diameter) and more severe instrumental (e.g. eddy current) and physiological (e.g. cardiac pulsation) artefacts present in spinal cord DTI. So far, the improvements in image quality and resolution have resulted from cardiac gating and new acquisition approaches (e.g. reduced field-of-view techniques). The use of retrospective correction methods is not well established for spinal cord DTI. The aim of this paper is to develop an improved post-processing pipeline tailored for DTI data of the spinal cord with increased quality. For this purpose, we compared two eddy current and motion correction approaches using three-dimensional affine (3D-affine) and slice-wise registrations. We also introduced a new robust-tensor-fitting method that controls for whole-volume outliers. Although in general 3D-affine registration improves data quality, occasionally it can lead to misregistrations and biassed tensor estimates. The proposed robust tensor fitting reduced misregistration-related bias and yielded more reliable tensor estimates. Overall, the combination of slice-wise motion correction, eddy current correction, and robust tensor fitting yielded the best results. It increased the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in FA maps by about 30% and reduced intra-subject variation in fractional anisotropy (FA) maps by 18%. The higher quality of FA maps allows for a better distinction between grey and white matter without increasing scan time and is compatible with any multi-directional DTI acquisition scheme.
Open and closed loop manipulation of charged microchiplets in an electric field (2014)

We demonstrate the ability to orient, position, and transport microchips (“chiplets”) with electric fields. In an open-loop approach, modified four phase traveling wave potential patterns manipulate chiplets in a dielectric solution using dynamic template agitation techniques. Repeatable parallel assembly of chiplets is demonstrated to a positional accuracy of 6.5 μm using electrodes of 200 μm pitch. Chiplets with dipole surface charge patterns are used to show that orientation can be controlled by adding unique charge patterns on the chiplets. Chip path routing is also demonstrated. With a closed-loop control system approach using video feedback, dielectric, and electrophoretic forces are used to achieve positioning accuracy of better than 1 μm with 1 mm pitch driving electrodes. These chip assembly techniques have the potential to enable future printer systems where inputs are electronic chiplets and the output is a functional electronic system.