gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-low-loss Single-mode Si3N4 Waveguides with 0.7 dB/m Propagation Loss (2011)

We report an approach to make ultra-low-loss waveguides using fixed-index-contrast stoichiometric Si3N4. A record low single-mode propagation loss of 0.70 ± 0.02 dB/m was achieved while multi-mode designs have fundamental mode loss as low as 0.43 ± 0.04 dB/m.
HPCA confirmed as a genetic cause of DYT2‐like dystonia phenotype (2018)

After identification of HPCA as a genetic cause of DYT-HPCA-like dystonia by Charlesworth et al, this is the second report in the scientific literature that describes dystonia families harboring HPCA mutations. Our findings confirm that HPCA leads to recessively inherited dystonia. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Recent developments and applications of the coupled EPR/Spin trapping technique (EPR/ST) (2011)

The trapping of a short-lived free radical with a diamagnetic spin trap to generate a persistent spin adduct which could be characterized by its EPR spectrum constitutes the well known spin trapping technique, hereafter abbreviated EPR/ST (Scheme 1).
Anomaly detection of motors with feature emphasis using only normal sounds (2013)

This paper proposes an anomaly detection method for sound signals observed from motors in operation without using abnormal signals. It is based on feature emphasis and effectively detects anomalies that appear in a small subset of features. To emphasize the features, the method optimally estimates the contribution rates of various features to the dissimilarity score between an observed signal and the distribution of normal signals. We report here our evaluation of the method using sound data observed from PCs and fans in operation. The evaluation demonstrates that the proposed method emphasizes a small subset of narrow frequency ranges of sounds and that it achieves an error reduction rate of up to 76%.
Design of a small particle sampling system. Progress report (1985)

The objective of present studies is the identification of gaseous species resulting from the rapid pyrolysis of small coal particles in vacuum and in the presence of reactive gases. Emphasis is placed on the early steps of coal gasification where highly reactive gas phase intermediate species can be observed by rapidly heating the coal to reaction temperature and then trapping the gaseous products with an inert gas on a cold (15K) surface. Identification and characterization of these gaseous species and possibly free radicals are performed using matrix isolation FTIR and high resolution mass spectroscopy, therefore, only a small amount of sample is required. In order to achieve this small sampling requirement, it became necessary to develop a flexible small particle sampling system. The following presents an account of the coal sampling systems we have developed during the course of our studies. Initial coal sampling apparatus designs as well as a more extensive discussion on our final design which meets all of our sampling requirements will be described. The final, microgram transient pulsed flow, small particle coal sampling system has proved to be a very useful means of metering small amounts of coal of a known particle size and weight intomore » a reactor. It may also be of use to other investigations with a need to repeatably and reproducibly inject a known small amount of a solid sample into a reactor. 1 reference, 4 figures, 2 tables.« less
Caspase-3 Regulates Catalytic Activity and Scaffolding Functions of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PEST, a Novel Modulator of the Apoptotic Response (2006)

The protein tyrosine phosphatase PEST (PTP-PEST) is involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Despite the emerging functions attributed to both PTPs and the actin cytoskeleton in apoptosis, the involvement of PTP-PEST in apoptotic cell death remains to be established. Using several cell-based assays, we showed that PTP-PEST participates in the regulation of apoptosis. As apoptosis progressed, a pool of PTP-PEST localized to the edge of retracting lamellipodia. Expression of PTP-PEST also sensitized cells to receptor-mediated apoptosis. Concertedly, specific degradation of PTP-PEST was observed during apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibitors, immunodepletion experiments, and in vitro cleavage assays identified caspase-3 as the primary regulator of PTP-PEST processing during apoptosis. Caspase-3 specifically cleaved PTP-PEST at the (549)DSPD motif and generated fragments, some of which displayed increased catalytic activity. Moreover, caspase-3 regulated PTP-PEST interactions with paxillin, leupaxin, Shc, and PSTPIP. PTP-PEST acted as a scaffolding molecule connecting PSTPIP to additional partners: paxillin, Shc, Csk, and activation of caspase-3 correlated with the modulation of the PTP-PEST adaptor function. In addition, cleavage of PTP-PEST facilitated cellular detachment during apoptosis. Together, our data demonstrate that PTP-PEST actively contributes to the cellular apoptotic response and reveal the importance of caspases as regulators of PTPs in apoptosis.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Preferential Replication of Systemically Delivered Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus in Focally Irradiated Glioma Xenografts (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 96K&lt;/p&gt;
Density-Gradient Control over Nanoparticle Supercrystal Formation (2018)

With the advent of DNA-directed methods to form "single crystal" nanoparticle superlattices, new opportunities for studying the properties of such structures across many length scales now exist. These structure-property relationships rely on the ability of one to deliberately use DNA to control crystal symmetry, lattice parameter, and microscale crystal habit. Although DNA-programmed colloidal crystals consistently form thermodynamically favored crystal habits with a well-defined symmetry and lattice parameter based upon well-established design rules, the sizes of such crystals often vary substantially. For many applications, especially those pertaining to optics, each crystal can represent a single device, and therefore size variability can significantly reduce their scope of use. Consequently, we developed a new method based upon the density difference between two layers of solvents to control nanoparticle superlattice formation and growth. In a top aqueous layer, the assembling particles form a less viscous and less dense state, but once the particles assemble into well-defined rhombic dodecahedral superlattices of a critical size, they sediment into a higher density and higher viscosity sublayer that does not contain particles (aqueous polysaccharide), thereby arresting growth. As a proof-of-concept, this method was used to prepare a uniform batch of Au nanoparticle (20.0 ± 1.6 nm in diameter) superlattices in the form of 0.95 ± 0.20 μm edge length rhombic dodecahedra with body-centered cubic crystal symmetries and a 49 nm lattice parameter (cf. 1.04 ± 0.38 μm without the sublayer). This approach to controlling and arresting superlattice growth yields structures with a 3-fold enhancement in the polydispersity index.
Lewis-base adducts of Group 1B metal(I) compounds. Part 16. Synthesis, structure, and solid-state phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of some novel [Cu4X4L4](X = halogen, L = N, P base)‘cubane’ clusters (1985)

Recrystallization of [Cu4l4(PPh3)4] from toluene has yielded a new polymorph of that compound, (1), which has been shown by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to have a tetrametallic ‘cubane’ structure rather than the expected ‘step’ structure. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/n, with a= 19.47(1), b= 26.94(1), c= 13.528(5)Å, β= 98.98(4)°, Z= 4 tetramers; R was 0.06 for No= 3 681. Cu–I distances range from 2.653(3) to 2.732(3)Å, with Cu ⋯ Cu 2.874(5)–3.164(4) and I ⋯ I 4.234(2)–4.496(3)Å. All adducts of stoicheiometry [M4X4(PPh3)4](M = Cu or Ag; X = Cl, Br, or I) have now been synthesized and structurally characterized in a cubane configuration. Recrystallization of copper(I) chloride and bromide from triethylamine also yields tetrameric cubane 1 : 1 adducts [X = Cl (2) or Br (3)], as does the reaction of copper(I) chloride with the very bulky ligand 2-[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]pyridine, to give [Cu4Cl4(tmspy)4](4). These three complexes have also been crystallographically characterized, (2) and (4) being the first reported cubane type tetramers for the copper(I) chloride–nitrogen base system. Complexes (2) and (3) are isostructural with their triethylarsine and -phosphine counterparts, being cubic, space group I3m, with a= 12.162(5)Å in (2) and 12.368(3)Å in (3); Z= 2 tetramers. Cu–Cl,Br distances are 2.441(4) and 2.537(3)Å respectively. For (4), the crystals are tetragonal, space group I41/a, with a= 18.620(4), c= 20.079(5)Å, Z= 4 tetramers. Although the Cu4Cl4 cubane core of the molecule has crystallographically imposed symmetry, the geometry is very unsymmetrical as a consequence of the ligand bulk, with Cu–Cl 2.225(2)–2.636(2), Cu ⋯ Cu 2.960(2)–3.194(2), and Cl ⋯ Cl 3.838(3)–3.866(3)Å. Residuals R for (2), (3), (4) were 0.040, 0.038, and 0.040 respectively for No= 136, 136, and 1 008 ‘observed’ reflections. The solid-state 31P n.m.r. spectra of the triphenylphosphine cubane clusters show significant differences to those with a ‘step’ geometry; these differences are related to the crystallographic environment of the phosphorus nuclei.
Influence of coenzyme Q10 on doxorubicin uptake and metabolism by mouse myocardial cells in culture. (1988)

In order to test the hypothesis that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) might prevent myocardial cell uptake of doxorubicin (DX), 3H-DX uptake in cultured myocardial cells was studied. When cultured myocardial cells were incubated with 3.5μM DX for 24-72h or 140μM DX for 1-4h, 120μM CoQ10 added in advance protected their beating from DX toxicity. However, CoQ10 had no effect on 3H-DX uptake by the cells under the above condition (3.5μM DX for 24-72h or 140μM DX for 1-4h). Most of the radioactivity in the cells was recovered as DX itself in both the medium with and without CoQ10. Furthermore, the effects of a CoQ homolog (coenzyme Q9 (CoQ9)) or an analog (plastoquinone (PQ9)) on the best inhibition by DX were compared using this system. It was shown that CoQ9 prevents, though only partially, the inhibition of the myocardial cell beating by 3.5μM DX. PQ9 was without effect. It is suggested that the protective effect of CoQ10 against DX cardiotoxicity was not caused by inhibition of DX uptake or by alteration of DX metabolism in the cells.
Erratum: MR imaging in assessing cardiovascular interventions and myocardial injury (2007)

Abstract Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging , MR imaging in assessing cardiovascular interventions and myocardial injury, Alexis Jacquier, Charles B. Higgins and Maythem Saeed, published in CMMI 2:1, DOI: 10.1002/cmmi122, pp1–15. Contract/Grant Sponsor information relating to Dr. A. Jacquier was absent from the published article. It should be noted that Dr. A. Jacquier was supported by the Société Française de Radiologie, Paris, as a research fellow.
Factors influencing readthrough therapy for frequent cystic fibrosis premature termination codons (2018)

Premature termination codons (PTCs) are generally associated with severe forms of genetic diseases. Readthrough of in-frame PTCs using small molecules is a promising therapeutic approach. Nonetheless, the outcome of preclinical studies has been low and variable. Treatment efficacy depends on: 1) the level of drug-induced readthrough, 2) the amount of target transcripts, and 3) the activity of the recoded protein. The aim of the present study was to identify, in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) model, recoded channels from readthrough therapy that may be enhanced using CFTR modulators. First, drug-induced readthrough of 15 PTCs was measured using a dual reporter system under basal conditions and in response to gentamicin and negamycin. Secondly, exon skipping associated with these PTCs was evaluated with a minigene system. Finally, incorporated amino acids were identified by mass spectrometry and the function of the predicted recoded CFTR channels corresponding to these 15 PTCs was measured. Nonfunctional channels were subjected to CFTR-directed ivacaftor-lumacaftor treatments. The results demonstrated that CFTR modulators increased activity of recoded channels, which could also be confirmed in cells derived from a patient. In conclusion, this work will provide a framework to adapt treatments to the patient's genotype by identifying the most efficient molecule for each PTC and the recoded channels needing co-therapies to rescue channel function.
Optimization of white-matter-nulled magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE) imaging (2014)

Optimization and new view ordering enabled MP-RAGE imaging with 0.8-1 mm(3) isotropic spatial resolution in scan times of 5 min with whole brain coverage.
414.10: Cytokine Analysis of First Gal-KO Renal Xenotransplantation From a Pig-To-Human Recipient (2022)

Background: Xenografts from genetically modified pigs have become one of the most promising solutions to the human organ shortage. Humans lack the α1,3-Gal glycan ubiquitously expressed on pig cells. Naturally occurring anti-α1,3-Gal antibodies can cause hyperacute rejection of porcine xenografts. Cytokines levels change in response to systemic inflammatory or transplant environments. We report the first instance of cytokine analysis from xenotransplantation of a kidney from an α1,3-Gal knock-out (KO) pig to a recently deceased human. Methods: Under a protocol approved by the NYU institutional committee two xenotransplants were performed in late 2021 on brain-dead recipients who consented their bodies for organ and research donation, but were found to have organs unsuitable for transplantation. Kidneys from α1,3-Gal KO pigs were transplanted into the thigh of the recipient. Immunosuppression consisted of methylprednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil until the kidneys were explanted at 54 hours. Cytokine analysis was performed as well as genetic expression for cytokines in the blood and for the second transplant biopsy tissue as well. Blood cytokines were measured in the NYU clinical laboratory. Xenotransplant tissue was obtained by needle biopsy and mRNA extracted for analysis. Results: The xenografts immediately appeared pink and well-perfused and began to make urine. The cold ischemic times were 7 and 6 hours, respectively. Most cytokines showed no change or were undetectable in the blood. Of the detectable cytokines, IL-2 mRNA levels decreased in porcine kidney biopsy samples over the course of the second transplant but increased in the blood (this recipient had a positive CDC xenocrossmatch). Figure 1Blood IL-6 levels were elevated pre-transplant and decreased with time, whereas porcine kidney mRNA levels rose to a peak 12 hours post-transplant and then gradually decreased. Conclusions: Our study served as proof of concept that α1,3-Gal KO organs can be transplanted into humans without the risk of accelerated rejection and cytokine storm. Further analysis and correlation between xenotransplant porcine tissue biopsy and circulating blood levels is warranted in future pre-clinical studies. Research grant support was provided by Lung Biotechnology PBC, a wholly owned subsidiary of United Therapeutics. The pig kidneys were obtained from Revivicor, Inc., a subsidiary of United Therapeutics.
Diversity Order of MMSE Single-Carrier Frequency Domain Linear Equalization (2007)

In this paper we investigate the diversity order of single-carrier frequency domain equalizers (SC-FDE). Specifically, we look at minimum mean square error (MMSE) linear equalizers utilizing block-transmission and cyclic prefix. It is shown that the diversity order in these systems depends on data transmission rate, channel memory length, as well as transmission block length. Analyses reveal that with memory length v and transmission block length L, for the rates Rleslog L/v full diversity of v+1 is achievable. For higher rates the achievable diversity order is degraded and is equal to [2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-R</sup> L]+1. Therefore MMSE SC-FDE has a diversity that varies between 1 and v+1, and achieves full diversity only for a limited range of data rates.
Pulse-based analog VLSI velocity sensors (1997)

We present two algorithms for estimating the velocity of a visual stimulus and their implementations with analog circuits using CMOS VLSI technology. Both are instances of so-called token methods, where velocity is computed by identifying particular features in the image at different locations; in our algorithms, these features are abrupt temporal changes in image irradiance. Our circuits integrate photoreceptors and associated electronics for computing motion onto a single chip and unambiguously extract bidirectional velocity for stimuli of high and intermediate contrasts over considerable irradiance and velocity ranges. At low contrasts, the output signal for a given velocity tends to decrease gracefully with contrast, while direction-selectivity is maintained. The individual motion-sensing cells are compact and highly suitable for use in dense 1-D or 2-D imaging arrays.
Trefoil Factors Are Expressed in Human and Rat Endocrine Pancreas: Differential Regulation by Growth Hormone (2006)

Trefoil factors (TFFs) 1, 2, and 3 are expressed in mucosal epithelia. TFFs are particular abundant in the intestine in which they play a crucial role in maintenance and restitution of the epithelium. Because pancreas developmentally arises from the primitive foregut, we explored the expression of TFFs in the pancreas in man and rat. Immunocytochemical staining of adult human pancreas showed abundant TFF3 immunoreactivity in pancreatic islets and some duct cells, whereas weak TFF1 and no TFF2 staining were detected. In the islets TFF3 localized to most insulin and some glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide-producing cells. TFF3 immunoreactivity was colocalized with insulin and glucagon in distinct cell clusters in human fetal pancreas at wk 14 and in the newborn rat pancreas. In isolated human and rat islets, TFF3 and TFF1 mRNA was identified by RT-PCR, and TFF3 protein was detected in human pancreas and islets by ELISA. Exposure of neonatal rat islets or insulinoma cells to GH, a known beta-cell growth factor, resulted in markedly increased TFF3 but decreased TFF1 mRNA levels. The effect of GH on TFF3 expression was confirmed by Western blot. Culture of neonatal rat islets in the presence of TFF3 resulted in attachment and migration of the islet cells, but no effects on proliferation, insulin secretion or cytokine-induced apoptosis were seen. These data demonstrate expression of TFFs in the endocrine pancreas, but their possible functions remain unknown.
Centrality and transverse-momentum dependence of higher-order flow harmonics of identified hadrons in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV (2022)

We present high-precision measurements of elliptic, triangular, and quadrangular flow ${v}_{2}$, ${v}_{3}$, and ${v}_{4}$, respectively, at midrapidity for identified hadrons $\ensuremath{\pi}$, $p$, $K$, $\ensuremath{\varphi}$, ${K}_{s}$, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ as a function of centrality and transverse momentum in Au+Au collisions at the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=200$ GeV. We observe similar ${v}_{n}$ trends between light and strange mesons which indicates that the heavier strange quarks flow as strongly as the lighter up and down quarks. The number-of-constituent-quark scaling for ${v}_{2}$, ${v}_{3}$, and ${v}_{4}$ is found to hold within statistical uncertainty for $0\text{--}10%$, $10\text{--}40%$, and $40\text{--}80%$ collision centrality intervals. The results are compared to several viscous hydrodynamic calculations with varying initial conditions, and could serve as an additional constraint to the development of hydrodynamic models.
Epitaxial growth of oxides on semiconductors using fluorides as a buffer layer (1993)

The success in epitaxial growth of oxides on Si using an intermediate fluoride layer largely depends on the reactivity of the fluoride with the oxide and the stability of the fluoride against oxidation. The fluoride-oxide reaction was studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and x-ray diffractometry. It is found that a large number of oxides are stable on CaF2, while some containing K, Li, and Ba react with CaF2. The results are consistent with thermodynamic predictions, and correlate well with the equalized electronegativity of the oxides. The stability of bare CaF2 on Si is found to be strongly related to the ambient. The CaF2 surface remains intact after annealing at 650 °C in 25% O2/N2, although Ca-silicate formation takes place at the Si-CaF2 interface. When annealing is conducted in air, Ca-carbonate is readily formed at the surface. The results provide guidelines for epitaxial growth of oxides on semiconductor/fluoride structures. The potential application of using fluorides as buffer layers is demonstrated in epitaxial growth of SrTiO3 on (100)Si/CaF2.
The role of nanostructured mesoporous silicon in discriminating in vitro calcification for electrospun composite tissue engineering scaffolds (2010)

The impact of mesoporous silicon (PSi) particles-embedded either on the surface, or totally encapsulated within electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibers-on its properties as a tissue engineering scaffold is assessed. Our findings suggest that the resorbable porous silicon component can sensitively accelerate the necessary calcification process in such composites. Calcium phosphate deposition on the scaffolds was measured via in vitro calcification assays both at acellular and cellular levels. Extensive attachment of fibroblasts, human adult mesenchymal stem cells, and mouse stromal cells to the scaffold were observed. Complementary cell differentiation assays and ultrastructural measurements were also carried out; the levels of alkaline phosphatase expression, a specific biomarker for mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, show that the scaffolds have the ability to mediate such processes, and that the location of the Si plays a key role in levels of expression.
Search for massive resonances in dijet systems containing jets tagged as W or Z boson decays in pp collisions at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 8 TeV (2014)

A search is reported for massive resonances decaying into a quark and a vector boson (W or Z), or two vector bosons (WW, WZ, or ZZ). The analysis is performed on an inclusive sample of multijet events corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb -1 , collected in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The search uses novel jet-substructure identification techniques that provide sensitivity to the presence of highly boosted vector bosons decaying into a pair of quarks. Exclusion limits are set at a confidence level of 95% on the production of: (i) excited quark resonances q * decaying to qW and qZ for masses less than 3.2 TeV and 2.9 TeV, respectively, (ii) a Randall-Sundrum graviton G RS decaying into WW for masses below 1.2 TeV, and (iii) a heavy partner of the W boson W decaying into WZ for masses less than 1.7 TeV. For the first time mass limits are set on W WZ and G RS WW in the all-jets final state. The mass limits on q * qW, q * qZ, W WZ, G RS WW are the most stringent to date. A model with a "bulk" graviton G bulk that decays into WW or ZZ bosons is also studied.