gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating Alkoxysilane Coverage and Dynamics on the (104) and (110) Surfaces of MgCl2-Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts (2012)

In this work, we present a systematic DFT analysis of the effect of surface coverage on the coordination properties of alkoxysilanes to the (104) and (110) surfaces of MgCl2. Furthermore, we investigated several possible migration pathways for alkoxysilane migration on the same surfaces. Our study clearly shows that complete coverage of the Mg vacancies on the surface by coordinating alkoxysilanes is hampered by steric repulsion between vicinally coordinated donor molecules. Our study clearly indicates that alkoxysilane migration between different MgCl2 monolayers on the (104) and (110) surfaces requires donor dissociation. The same holds for alkoxysilane migration on a single (110) MgCl2 monolayer. However, in the case of the (104) surface we found a very low energy pathway for alkoxysilane migration along the same monolayer.
Tradeoffs between jamming resilience and communication efficiency in key establishment (2009)

We address the problem of allowing authorized users, who do not preshare a common key, to effectively exchange key establishment messages over an insecure channel in the presence of jamming and message insertion attacks. In this work, we jointly consider the security and efficiency of key exchange protocols, focusing on the interplay between message fragmentation, jamming resilience, and verification complexity for protocol optimization. Finally, we present three fragment verification schemes and demonstrate through analysis and simulation that in comparison with existing approaches, they can significantly decrease the amount of time required for key establishment without degrading the guaranteed level of security.
Architecture Studies and System Demonstrations of Optical Parallel Processor for AI and NI (1991)

Abstract : During the contract period, we have studied architecture, algorithm, and system issues pertaining to the implementation of optoelectronic technology for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Neural Intelligence (NI). As a result, we have developed the Programmable Opto-Electronic Multiprocessor (POEM) system. We have demonstrated the superiority of the POEM architecture over VLSI and other optical systems in many applications. We have developed or modified parallel AI algorithms for efficient implementation on POEM. Finally, we are currently assembling a prototype POEM system and subsystems necessary for future POEM systems.
In Situ and In Operando Techniques to Study Li-Ion and Solid-State Batteries: Micro to Atomic Level (2021)

This work summarizes the most commonly used in situ techniques for the study of Li-ion batteries from the micro to the atomic level. In situ analysis has attracted a great deal of interest owing to its ability to provide a wide range of information about the cycling behavior of batteries from the beginning until the end of cycling. The in situ techniques that are covered are: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). An optimized setup is required to be able to use any of these in situ techniques in battery applications. Depending on the type of data required, the available setup, and the type of battery, more than one of these techniques might be needed. This study organizes these techniques from the micro to the atomic level, and shows the types of data that can be obtained using these techniques, their advantages and their challenges, and possible strategies for overcoming these challenges.
Subjective evaluation of a PCM speech coding system with quantization noise reduction (2005)

The performance of a pulse code modulation (PCM) speech coding system that incorporates quantization noise reduction is evaluated by a speech quality test. The results of the test indicate that quantization noise reduction improves the performance of a PCM system by 1 to 2 bits/ sample over a wide range of bit rates.
Molecular basis of mammalian transmissibility of avian H1N1 influenza viruses and their pandemic potential (2017)

North American wild birds are an important reservoir of influenza A viruses, yet the potential of viruses in this reservoir to transmit and cause disease in mammals is not well understood. Our surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) at Delaware Bay, USA, revealed a group of similar H1N1 AIVs isolated in 2009, some of which were airborne-transmissible in the ferret model without prior adaptation. Comparison of the genomes of these viruses revealed genetic markers of airborne transmissibility in the Polymerase Basic 2 (PB2), PB1, PB1-F2, Polymerase Acidic-X (PA-X), Nonstructural Protein 1 (NS1), and Nuclear Export Protein (NEP) genes. We studied the role of NS1 in airborne transmission and found that NS1 mutants that were not airborne-transmissible caused limited tissue pathology in the upper respiratory tract (URT). Viral maturation was also delayed, evident as strong intranuclear staining and little virus at the mucosa. Our study of this naturally occurring constellation of genetic markers has provided insights into the poorly understood phenomenon of AIV airborne transmissibility by revealing a role for NS1 and characteristics of viral replication in the URT that were associated with airborne transmission. The transmissibility of these viruses further highlights the pandemic potential of AIVs in the wild bird reservoir and the need to maintain surveillance.
Kinetics of primary bile acids in patients after orthotopic liver transplantation (1996)

Administration of cyclosporin A (CsA) may induce cholestasis, and this effect has been attributed to impaired hepatocellular uptake, transport, secretion and intestinal absorption of bile acids. Disturbances of the enterohepatic circulation may affect metabolism of bile acids. To test whether liver transplantation and treatment with CsA alters pool sizes or synthesis and turnover rates, we determined kinetics of primary bile acids in patients after orthotopic liver transplantation on CsA. Two male and four female patients were studied 6–20 months after transplantation. They had no overt signs of cholestasis, graft dysfunction or rejection. Kinetics of cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were simultaneously determined after oral administration of [24‐ 13 C]‐CA and [24‐ 13 C]‐CDCA on the basis of isotope dilution in a single pool of bile acids. Ten healthy volunteers served as controls. After orthotopic liver transplantation, pool sizes, fractional turnover rates and synthesis rates of both primary bile acids, CA and CDCA were not significantly different from control subjects. In spite of the known interference of CsA with the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, in the majority of patients after orthotopic liver transplantation without cholestasis, graft dysfunction or rejection, treatment with CsA does not disturb kinetics of primary bile acids.
Nano-antenna elements for controlling optical phase (2014)

We demonstrate the use of nano-antenna unit cells composed of coupled dipole and patch elements over a reflective back plane, which are designed to control the phase of a reflected optical beam. The antennas were studied both numerically and experimentally and allow exact control over the output phase in the range of 0<sup>0</sup>-360<sup>0</sup>. Several diffractive optical applications are shown numerically and experimentally: Blazed gratings which allow deflection of the output beam to high reflection angles show very high diffraction efficiency, and arbitrary wave shapes such as computer generated holograms can be formed with very high efficiency and large angles relative to the incident beam. The optical conversion efficiency was measured to be above 40% for all applications.
Controlled Electrolytic Metallics-An Interventionless Nanostructured Platform (2012)

Abstract Completion devices such as fracturing balls, discs, and plugs are often used for downhole fluid and pressure control. Current polymer material must be milled away, flowed back or otherwise removed before production. Severe deformation of currently used materials that prevent flowback have been reported, requiring costly intervention operations to either remove or replace the tools and resulting in higher operational inefficiency. Using controlled electrolytic metallic (CEM) material eliminates this possibility. The new material is inherently designed for in-situ digestion in downhole environments at a controlled customizable rate. Conventional degradable materials have a well-known tradeoff between dissolution rate and mechanical strength, which limits their utility. Increasing the dissolution rate often lowers the mechanical strength of the material below an acceptable threshold for many downhole applications. Using a reactive material with a blended nanostructured coating of ceramic and/or metallics provides the strength for initial operation and the ability to control the rate of corrosion later in the product's operation cycle. CEM materials have three times the strength of their base material and the corrosion rate can vary by a factor of several hundred, as compared to the base material. Corrosion rate could be further accelerated in HCl, thus providing operational flexibility. Experiments in various fluids and temperatures validate the corrodibility of CEM material. This paper will present the chemistry and layering of the nanoscale coating within the grain structure, the unique material properties, and lab testing data of this truly interventionless nanostructured material technology.
Tumor-directed PET imaging of metastases in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) using Zr-89 labeled antiprostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) antibody J591. (2015)

164 Background: There is no standard imaging (SI) modality that specifically and accurately images prostate cancer (PC) metastases, hampering prognostication and response assessment. J591 is a humanized antibody that targets the external domain of PSMA. We have previously reported on the feasibility, PK and biodistribution properties of 89 Zr-J591 in 10 patients (pts) (Pandit-Taskar et al, Eur J Nuc Med Img 2014). We now report on the targeting/accuracy in 50 pts with mCRPC. Methods: Following standard CT/MRI, bone scan (BS), and FDG PET imaging, 5 mCi of 89 Zr-J591 was administered IV. 89 Zr-J591 was imaged 6-8 days after injection. Positive (pos) scan findings were confirmed, where possible, with biopsies (bxs) in the following preference: concordant 89 Zr-J591 and FDG pos, 89 Zr-J591 and FDG mismatch, and a mismatch between SI and any PET. Results: Imaging: A total of 703 lesions in 50 pts were identified using all imaging modalities. Bone:538 total bone lesions were detected. 491(91%) lesions were present on J591 of which 99 were only evident by J591. BS identified 339 (63%), CT 301 (56%), and FDG 207 (38%). Soft Tissue: 165 total soft tissue lesions were detected. 90 (55%) were seen on J591 of which 17 were only evident by J591. CT identified 124 (75%) and FDG 88 (53%). Pathology:46 bx’s were evaluable (21 bone, 25 soft tissue) in 34 pts. Of the unique J591 lesions biopsied (bx’d), 5/7 were pos for PC. Bone: We bx’d 19 J591 pos lesions and 2 J591 neg sites. Overall, path concordance with J591 was: 89% true pos, 100% true neg, 11% false pos, and 0% false neg. Soft tissue: We bx’d 16 J591 pos lesions and 9 J591 neg sites. Of these, we found 88% true pos, 11% true neg, 13% false pos, and 89% false neg. Conclusions: J591 PET identifies additional disease in bone not seen using other imaging modalities. These lesions are highly likely to correspond to disease by bx. However, the tracer performed less well in soft tissue, with a high false neg rate. Clinical trial information: NCT01543659.
Individual nanobubbles detection using acoustic based flow cytometry (2019)

We use a novel acoustic-based flow cytometer to detect individual nanobubbles flowing in a microfluidic channel using high-frequency ultrasound and photoacoustic waves. Each individual nanobubble (or cluster of nanobubbles) flowing through the foci of high-frequency ultrasound (center frequency 375 MHz) and nanosecond laser (532 nm) pulses interacts with both pulses to generate ultrasound backscatter and photoacoustic waves. We use in-house generated nanobubbles, made of lipid shells and octafluoropropane gas core, to detect ultrasound backscatter signals using an acoustic flow cytometer. Nanobubble solutions sorted in size through differential centrifugation are diluted to 1:10,000 v/v in phosphate buffered saline solution to maximize the probability that the detected signals are from individual nanobubbles. Nanobubble populations were sized using resonant mass measurement. Results show that the amplitude of the detected ultrasound backscatter signal is dependent on the nanobubble size. The average amplitude of the ultrasound backscatter signals from at least 950 nanobubbles with an average diameter of 150 nm, 225 nm, and 350 nm was 5.1&plusmn;2.5 mV, 5.3&plusmn;2.3 mV, and 6.4&plusmn;1.8 mV, respectively. Similarly, we detected interleaved ultrasound backscatter and photoacoustic signals from nanobubbles tagged with Sudan Black B dye. The average amplitude of the ultrasound backscatter and photoacoustic signals from these black nanobubbles with an average diameter of 238 nm is 10&plusmn;11 mV and 54&plusmn;75 mV, respectively. The presence of the dye on the shell suppressed unique features seen in the ultrasound backscatter from the nanobubbles without dye. At present, there is no robust commercial technique able to analyze the ultrasonic response of individual nanobubbles. The acoustic flow cytometer can potentially be used to analyze physical parameters, such as size and ultrasonic response, of individual nanobubbles.
Development of Flow Visualization Measurement Method of Droplet Train Obliquely Impinging on Moving Hot Solid (2021)

Spray cooling on moving hot solids is widely used in metal heat treatment processes. Understanding coolant droplet collision behavior with moving hot solids is of great importance toward improving heat treatment temperature control technology. Via flash photography, we experimentally investigated the hydrodynamics of droplet train obliquely impinging on a hot moving solid. The test piece was a rectangular steel piece (SUS303) heated to 500°C, 550°C, or 600°C with a moving velocity of 0.5 m/s, 1.0 m/s, or 1.5 m/s. The test liquid was water at approximately 20°C. The pre-impact diameter of droplets, droplet impact velocity, and inter-spacing between every successive two droplets were 0.64 mm, 2.2 m/s, and 1.91 mm, respectively. The tilt angle of the droplet train to the vertical was 50°. No coalescence of droplets was seen—the droplets deformed independently on the moving solid. The measured results of the maximum diameter and the residence time of the droplets agreed well with the empirical formulas that can be used for droplet impact on a stationary solid. It was found that the dynamics of a droplet train impinging on a hot moving solid are the same as the dynamics of a droplet train impinging on a hot stationary solid when the droplets deform independently on a moving solid. Taking advantage of said property such that it is equivalent to the dynamics of a droplet train impinging on a hot stationary solid, we proposed a critical condition for droplet coalescence and experimentally confirmed the validity of the critical condition.
Permeability Properties of Polymers (2012)

No AccessMaterials Science of Polymers for EngineersSep 2012Permeability Properties of PolymersTim A. Osswald, Georg MengesTim A. OsswaldSearch for more papers by this author, Georg MengesSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569905241.013SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2012Pages: 537-548Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-514-2eISBN: 978-1-56990-524-1 Copyright & Permissions© 2012 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIZATIONS INITIATED BY A PALLADIUM(2+)‐SILVER(1+) MIXED‐METAL SYSTEM (1982)

Abstract Das gemischte Metallsystem von Pd(II)‐chlorid und Ag(I)‐tetrafluoroborat in Acetonitril initiiert die Cyclisierung eines Indolringes an ein Olefin unter Bildung von sechs‐ und siebengliedrigen Ringen.
Surface spiral coil design methodologies for high efficiency, high power, low flux density, large air-gap wireless power transfer systems (2013)

It was demonstrated that a surface spiral winding coil has low skin- and proximity effect losses in MHz, high power wireless power transfer systems. However, it was not clearly explained why the surface spiral winding coil is appropriate to use in kW level, low flux density, and safe wireless power transfer systems. Furthermore, research has not focused on the losses of a dielectric substrate of a surface spiral winding coil, even though the dielectric loss can overwhelm the skin- and proximity effect losses at MHz frequencies. In the first part of this paper, the benefits of the surface spiral winding coils for large air-gap, kW level wireless power transfer systems are discussed. In the following section, various sources of the power dissipation in surface spiral coils are identified. The discussion focuses on the dielectric losses in the substrates of surface spiral winding coils. Low-loss substrate design guidelines are proposed using the investigation results. The proposed design guidelines are evaluated by means of FEA simulation.
B cell CLL/lymphoma 6 member B inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastases in vitro and in mice (2014)

B cell CLL/lymphoma 6 member B (BCL6B) is a novel tumor suppressor silenced in human cancer. In this study, we investigated the functional role and underlying mechanisms of BCL6B in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). BCL6B was expressed in normal HCC tissues, but its expression was suppressed in 6 out of 9 HCC cell lines. Loss of BCL6B expression was associated with promoter hypermethylation. Ectopic expression of BCL6B in HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines inhibited colony formation (P <0.05), cell viability (P <0.01), and tumorigenicity in nude mice (P <0.05). BCL6B expression also induced apoptosis (P <0.05), an effect associated with activation of the caspase cascade and cleavage of PARP. Stable expression of BCL6B in MHCC97L cells suppressed cell migration (P <0.05) and invasion (P <0.05), and significantly reduced the incidence and severity of lung metastasis in an orthotopic HCC mouse model. The anti-metastatic effect of BCL6B was mediated by up-regulation of cell adhesion gene E-cadherin, OB-cadherin, HIV-1 Tat interactive protein 2, and transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 1; and down-regulation of angiogenesis gene VEGFA. BCL6B functions as a tumor suppressor that inhibits HCC metastases in vitro and in vivo.
Abstract 4543: Targeting the NADPH binding site of dihydrofolate reductase for cancer therapy (2010)

Abstract Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) catalyzes the reduction of dihydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate using NADPH as the cofactor. Folate-dependent one carbon metabolism is essential for the de novo synthesis of purines, pyrimidines and certain amino acids. Thus, DHFR plays an essential role in production and maintaining reduced folates for cellular proliferation, and consequently it has been a critical target for chemotherapy. Methotrexate (MTX), an antifolate that targets DHFR, has been used for decades in the clinic. However, both intrinsic and acquired resistance occurs due to decreased uptake, gene amplification and protein mutation. We have initiated studies to find an inhibitor that targets the cofactor NADPH binding site that would bypass these resistance mechanisms to MTX in contrast to analogs that target the dihydrofolate binding site. Fourteen NAD/NADP analogues were screened by the MTT assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells which lack endogenous DHFR expression but were stably transfected with a DHFR-EGFP fusion construct driven by a CMV promoter (DG44 DHFR-EGFP). Two compounds, thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD-S) and thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP-S), had IC50 values of 1 μM. NAD-S and NADP-S were also found to be potent inhibitors of two other cancer cell lines, C85 (metastatic human colon cancer cell line) and CCRF-CEM (human T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia cell line). Surprisingly, both NAD-S and NADP-S decreased the levels of DHFR in CEM-CCRF cells. Pulse-chase experiments showed that the half life of DHFR is significantly reduced upon treatment of cells with 10 μM NADP-S. Furthermore, this NADP analog caused an increase in cells at the G1 phase (11% at 10 μM and 44% at 40 μM NADP-S treatment) that was reversible by removing NADP-S from the cell culture. Because NADP-S decreased DHFR levels, the combination of NADP-S with MTX was tested and found to significantly reduce colony formation, and was synergetic in vitro (Chou-Talalay analysis). We conclude that NADPS has a novel mechanism of action, i.e., it causes degradation of DHFR, likely by competing with NADPH binding, known to stabilize DHFR. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4543.
X-ray grating interferometer for imaging at a second-generation synchrotron radiation source (2010)

X-ray phase-contrast radiography and tomography enables to increase contrast for weakly absorbing materials. Recently, x-ray grating interferometers were developed which extend the possibility of phase-contrast imaging from highly brilliant radiation sources like third-generation synchrotron even to non-coherent sources. Here, we present a setup of an x-ray grating interferometer designed and installed at low-coherence wiggler source at the GKSS beamline W2 (HARWI II) operated at the second-generation synchrotron storage ring DORIS at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY, Hamburg, Germany). The beamline is dedicated to imaging in materials science. Equipped with the grating interferometer, it is the first synchrotron radiation beamline with a three-grating setup combining the advantages of phase-contrast imaging with monochromatic radiation with very high flux and a sufficiently large field of view for centimeter sized objects. Examples of radiography on laser-welded aluminum and magnesium joints are presented to demonstrate the high potential of the new gratingbased setup in the field of materials science. In addition, the results of an off-axis phase-contrast tomography of a human urethra with 15 mm in diameter are presented showing internal structures, which cannot be resolved by the conventional tomography in absorption mode.
Boron penetration studies from p+ polycrystalline Si through HfSixOy (2002)

We present detailed B penetration studies from B-doped polysilicon through alternate gate dielectric candidate HfSixOy films. No detectible B penetration is observed for annealing times as long as 20 s after 950 °C. Considerable B incorporation into the Si substrate is observed for annealing temperatures higher than 950 °C. By modeling the B depth profiles, we calculated the B diffusivities through HfSixOy to be higher than the corresponding diffusivities for SiO2. B diffusion through grain boundaries after HfSixOy crystallization is proposed to be responsible for the enhanced B diffusivity observed.
Relationships between Pf4 phage, biofilm and virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (2018)

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