gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Enceladus plume biosignature analysis: Successful capture of organic ice particles in hypervelocity impacts (2020)

Abstract Enceladus is a compelling destination for astrobiological analyses due to the presence of simple and complex organic constituents in cryovolcanic plumes that jet from its subsurface ocean. Enceladus plume capture during a flyby or orbiter mission is an appealing method for obtaining pristine ocean samples for scientific studies of this organic content because of the high science return, reduced planetary protection challenges, and lower risk and expense compared to a landed mission. However, this mission profile requires sufficient amounts of plume material for sensitive analysis. To explore the feasibility and optimization of the required capture systems, light gas gun experiments were carried out to study organic ice particle impacts on indium surfaces. An organic fluorescent tracer dye, Pacific Blue™, was dissolved in borate buffer and frozen into saline ice projectiles. During acceleration, the ice projectile breaks up in flight into micron‐sized particles that impact the target. Quantitative fluorescence microscopic analysis of the targets demonstrated that under certain impact conditions, 10–50% of the entrained organic molecules were captured in over 25% of the particle impacts. Optimal organic capture was observed for small particles ( d ~ 5–15 µm) with velocities ranging from 1 to 2 km s −1 . Our results reveal how organic capture efficiency depends on impact velocity and particle size; capture increases as particles get smaller and as velocity is reduced. These results demonstrate the feasibility of collecting unmodified organic molecules from the Enceladus ice plume for sensitive analysis with modern in situ instrumentation such as microfluidic capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis with ppb organic sensitivity.
A successful prime-boost immunization strategy in a tumor model: Targeting tyrosinase in melanoma (2004)

1260 Background: Immunization with plasmid DNA encoding xenogeneic orthologues of differentiation antigens is a means to overcome immunologic tolerance to these otherwise poorly immunogenic self antigens. Previously, we have shown that immunization of C57BL/6 mice with human tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2 results in the induction of either antibody or CD8+ T-cell responses (respectively), capable of protecting mice from challenge with syngeneic B16 melanoma. In the current study, we investigated immunization of mice with xenogeneic human tyrosinase DNA and have found that while this induces both antibodies and T-cells, it provides only minimal tumor protection. One strategy that has been successfully employed in infectious disease models is heterologous prime-boost immunization in which recombinant viral vectors are used to boost the DNA vaccine encoding the same antigen. Methods: We first determined the optimal regimen of plasmid DNA alone to be used for priming. Then, using a replication-deficient alphavirus vector (AVV), we tested different combinations of priming with DNA or AVV and then boosting with AVV to examine the effect on antibody production, T-cell response, and tumor protection. Results: Using DNA alone, we found that T-cell responses to newly identified mouse tyrosinase epitopes were generated only when mice were immunized with the xenogene (human tyrosinase). In addition, T-cell responses increased with repeated doses of DNA. In contrast, potent antibody and T-cell responses were induced when alphavirus vectors encoding either mouse or human tyrosinase were used as single agents and a significant delay in tumor growth was observed. Similarly, a heterologous prime-boost regimen utilizing DNA prime and virus boost showed a more marked protection from tumor challenge over DNA vaccination alone. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that alphavirus vectors encoding self or xenogeneic tumor antigens induce potent immune responses and tumor protection when administered either alone or in a heterologous prime-boost approach following DNA priming.
CT7 (MAGE-C1) is a widely expressed Cancer-Testis antigen in multiple myeloma (2004)

6554 Background: CT7 (MAGE-C1) is a member of the Cancer-Testis (CT) family of tumor-associated antigens. CT antigen-based vaccines are currently under investigation in clinical trials. It has previously been demonstrated that myeloma cells lines and primary myeloma cells express CT antigens. Therefore, CT antigens may be suitable targets for multiple myeloma vaccine immunotherapy. To characterize CT antigen expression in primary myeloma cells, a comprehensive survey of patient specimens was undertaken to identify optimal target candidates. Methods: Bone marrow biopsy and aspirate samples were obtained from 27 patients with multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS). Plasma cells were purified from bone marrow aspirates by anti-CD138 magnetic bead selection. RT-PCR analysis was performed for MAGE-A1, -A3, -A4, -A10, LAGE-1, NY-ESO-1 and CT7. Protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the following antigens (using the following mAbs): MAGE-A1 (mAb MA454), MAGE-A3 (mAb M3H67), MAGE-A4 (mAb 57B), CT7 (mAb CT733), NY-ESO-1 (mAb E978 & ES121). Results: CT7, MAGE-A3, and NY-ESO-1 were the most frequently detected CT antigens in multiple myeloma, as shown in the table below. Surprisingly, CT7 mRNA and protein were detected in all stage III multiple myeloma patients. Of note, 13/18 samples demonstrated positive IHC for CT7 in more than 25% of malignant cells. CT7 was also detected in a subset of earlier stage and MGUS samples. Conclusions: CT antigens are variably expressed in primary myeloma cells. CT7 appears to be the most widely expressed CT antigen in the malignant plasma cells of multiple myeloma and is a potential universal target for vaccine immunotherapy. There is good correlation between CT7 mRNA and protein expression. The common expression of CT7 in multiple myeloma also suggests the possibility that it plays a pathogenic role in this disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Dual closed loop controller of bus stepper motor based on Back-EMF (2009)

Author name used in this publication: K. W. E. Cheng
Incentive-Informed Inter-Domain Multicast (2010)

IP multicast enables reduced link loads for multiple recipients with overlapping data paths. In inter-domain settings, however, the costs and benefits of multicast redundancy elimination fall on different economic entities. Hence, in the absence of multicast specific inter-domain contracts and compensation, IP multicast has remained mostly an intra-domain endeavor. We propose incentive-informed inter-domain multicast, with which domains base multicast operation solely on their local unicast- derived incentives. Multicast forking will be provided only by domains that find it locally beneficial. Multicast traffic will pass through other domains using unicast paths. We find that, overall, up to 95% of the optimal IP multicast link load reduction can be attained, varying by the multicast group size. Link loads near the multicast sources can still remain high, mostly due to the considerable uphill diversity in the Internet topology. However, causal dynamics seem to exist for top tier transit providers to offer multicast as a service, significantly reducing the effective uphill diversity, thus enabling highly reduced link loads also on uphill paths. In this case the overall efficiency is also better than with optimal IP multicast.
Combined effects of boundary layer dynamics and atmosphericchemistry on aerosol composition during new particle formationperiods (2018)

Abstract. Characterizing aerosol chemical composition in response to meteorological changes and atmospheric chemistry is important to gain insights into new particle formation mechanisms. A BAECC (Biogenic Aerosols-Effects on Clouds and Climate) campaign was conducted during the spring 2014 at SMEAR II station (Station for Measuring Forest Ecosystem-Aerosol Relations) in Finland. The particles were characterized by a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). A PBL (planetary boundary layer) dilution model was developed to assist interpreting the measurement results. Right before nucleation events, the mass concentrations of organic and sulfate aerosol species were both decreased rapidly along with the growth of PBL heights. However, the mass fraction of sulfate aerosol of the total aerosol mass was increased, in contrast to a decrease for the organic mass fraction. Meanwhile, an increase of LVOOA (low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol) mass fraction of the total organic mass was observed, in distinct comparison to a reduction of SVOOA (semi-volatile OOA) mass fraction. Our results demonstrate that, at the beginning of nucleation events, the observed sulfate aerosol mass was mainly driven by vertical turbulent mixing of sulfate-rich aerosols between the residual layer and the newly formed boundary layer, while the condensation of sulfuric acid played a minor role in interpreting the measured sulfate mass concentration. For the measured organic aerosols, their temporal profiles were mainly driven by dilution from PBL development, organic aerosol mixing in different boundary layers and/or condensation of organic vapors, but accurate measurements of organic vapor concentrations and characterization on the spatial aerosol chemical composition are required. In general, the observed aerosol particles by AMS are subjected to joint effects of PBL dilution, atmospheric chemistry and aerosol mixing in different boundary layers. During aerosol growth periods in the night time, the mass concentrations of organic aerosols and organic nitrate aerosols were both increased. The increase of SVOOA mass correlated well with the calculated increase of condensed HOMs (highly oxygenated organic molecules) mass. To our knowledge, our results are the first atmospheric observations showing a connection between increase in SVOOA and condensed HOMs during the night time.
Optimization of a BEOL Aluminum Deposition Process Enabling Wafer Level Al-Al Thermo-Compression Bonding (2019)

The main challenges for Al-Al wafer bonding are the fast oxidation and the high roughness of the Al surface. This paper describes an optimized Al sputter-deposition process reducing the surface roughness to values below 2 nm. Based on this, a wafer level Al-Al thermo-compression bonding process is presented, where a surface treatment and the subsequent bonding are both performed in a high vacuum cluster. The patterned wafers were bonded with temperatures between 300 and 500 °C for 1 h using a bonding force of 60 kN. Scanning acoustic microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed a reliable bonding, an accurate alignment and a high uniformity for 200 mm wafers. The electrical characterization of contact chains with Al bonding pad sizes of 20×20 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> showed resistances lower than 50 mΩ per contact, which might indicate areas of oxide-free bonding.
A bimetallic zirconium complex containing an in-plane bridging aromatic ring (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA bimetallic zirconium complex containing an in-plane bridging aromatic ringStephen L. Buchwald, Eric A. Lucas, and William M. DavisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1, 397–398Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00183a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00183a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Task-dependent effects of intracranial hippocampal stimulation on human memory (2021)

Introduction: Several studies indicate that the deontological guilt is related to disgust, and it has been suggested to play a pivotal role in the genesis of obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms. At a brain level, deontological guilt has been demonstrated to selectively activate the insula, a region responsible for disgust-processing and consistently hyperactivated in persons with OCD. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that indirect inhibition of the insula via cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) would decrease disgust and moral rigidity. Methods: By a randomized, sham-controlled, within-subject design, thirty-six healthy individuals underwent 15-min anodal, cathodal, and sham tDCS over the temporal lobe (T3). Trait levels of anxiety, depression, disgust sensitivity, OC tendencies, scrupulosity, and altruistic conduct, as well as pre-and post-stimulation momentary emotional states were assessed. Measures of parasympathetic nervous system activity (Heart Rate Variability, HRV) was derived during the entire experimental protocol. After the first 10 min of stimulation, participants were asked to complete a computerized moral task and a word-stem completion task with either disgust-related words or neutral alternatives. Results: Compared to sham condition, anodal and cathodal stimulation of T3 respectively enhanced and decreased self-reported disgust, severity of moral judgements in the deontological domain, and HRV. Significant and positive associations emerged in the anodal condition between self-reported deontological guilt and the Fear-of-Sin (FoS) subscale of the Pennsylvania Inventory of Scrupulosity, and between self-reported deontological guilt and the washing and obsessing subscales of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R); in the cathodal condition, disgust was inversely correlated with the washing, obsessing (OCI-R), and FoS subscales. Discussion: Results suggest a decrease in self-reported and physiological disgust following cathodal tDCS on T3, with stronger effects in individuals with higher levels of OC traits, with potential implications for the treatment of OCD.
A Pooled Analysis of Infections, Malignancy, and Mortality in Infliximab- and Immunomodulator-Treated Adult Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2012)

Infliximab treatment of IBD did not appear to affect incidences of infection, mortality, or malignancy. Relative to patients with no immunomodulator use, immunomodulator-treated UC patients demonstrated a higher incidence of infection and immunomodulator-plus-placebo-treated CD patients demonstrated a higher incidence of malignancy.
Distinct Signaling by Ventral Tegmental Area Glutamate, GABA, and Combinatorial Glutamate-GABA Neurons in Motivated Behavior (2020)

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons play roles in reward and aversion. We recently discovered that the VTA has neurons that co-transmit glutamate and GABA (glutamate-GABA co-transmitting neurons), transmit glutamate without GABA (glutamate-transmitting neurons), or transmit GABA without glutamate (GABA-transmitting neurons). However, the functions of these VTA cell types in motivated behavior are unclear. To identify the functions of these VTA cell types, we combine recombinase mouse lines with INTRSECT2.0 vectors to selectively target these neurons. We find that VTA cell types have unique signaling patterns for reward, aversion, and learned cues. Whereas VTA glutamate-transmitting neurons signal cues predicting reward, VTA GABA-transmitting neurons signal cues predicting the absence of reward, and glutamate-GABA co-transmitting neurons signal rewarding and aversive outcomes without signaling learned cues related to those outcomes. Thus, we demonstrate that genetically defined subclasses of VTA glutamate and GABA neurons signal different aspects of motivated behavior.
X-ray phase-contrast tomography with a compact laser-driven synchrotron source (2015)

Between X-ray tubes and large-scale synchrotron sources, a large gap in performance exists with respect to the monochromaticity and brilliance of the X-ray beam. However, due to their size and cost, large-scale synchrotrons are not available for more routine applications in small and medium-sized academic or industrial laboratories. This gap could be closed by laser-driven compact synchrotron light sources (CLS), which use an infrared (IR) laser cavity in combination with a small electron storage ring. Hard X-rays are produced through the process of inverse Compton scattering upon the intersection of the electron bunch with the focused laser beam. The produced X-ray beam is intrinsically monochromatic and highly collimated. This makes a CLS well-suited for applications of more advanced--and more challenging--X-ray imaging approaches, such as X-ray multimodal tomography. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first results of a first successful demonstration experiment in which a monochromatic X-ray beam from a CLS was used for multimodal, i.e., phase-, dark-field, and attenuation-contrast, X-ray tomography. We show results from a fluid phantom with different liquids and a biomedical application example in the form of a multimodal CT scan of a small animal (mouse, ex vivo). The results highlight particularly that quantitative multimodal CT has become feasible with laser-driven CLS, and that the results outperform more conventional approaches.
Investigation on Polyoxometalates for the Application in Redox Flow Batteries (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Targeting the Spleen Tyrosine Kinase with Fostamatinib as a Strategy against Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Evidence for and Characterization of Specific High Affinity Binding Sites for the Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide in Pancreaticβ-Cells* (1984)

High affinity binding sites have been found in membrane preparations from hamster beta-cell tumors by using radiolabeled gastric inhibitory polypeptide (125I-GIP). HPLC of 125I-GIP resulted in two major peaks (A III and B III), with identical specific binding. It was verified that peaks A III and B III stimulate insulin release from the isolated perfused rat pancreas to an extent at least equal to that obtained with unlabeled GIP at 10(-9) M. Natural GIP competitively inhibited the binding of 125I-GIP in the range of 10(-10) -10(-6) M and half-maximal inhibition was observed at 1.9 +/- 0.19 X 10(-9) M GIP. The number of high affinity sites was 219 +/- 8 fmol/mg protein and the dissociation constant was 2.05 +/- 0.1 X 10(-9) M. None of 10 regulatory peptides tested exhibited any effect on the 125I-GIP binding at concentrations in the range of 10(-6) -10(-4) M. Consequently, saturable, high affinity and specific binding sites for the GIP have been found and characterized in the plasma membranes of beta-cells. This model can be of use in studying the interaction of GIP with its preponderant target tissue.
Flame retardancy of polycarbonate enhanced by adding fly ash (2007)

Abstract We have developed a flame‐retardant polycarbonate resin whose flame retardancy is greatly enhanced by adding fly ash (a by‐product from thermal power plants). Fly ash with comparatively small average particle sizes (&lt;10 µm) raised the flame retardancy of polycarbonate because of the hydrogen bond that forms between the polycarbonate and the hydroxy group on the fly ash surface. This bond primarily improves the heat resistance of the polycarbonate and also isomerizes the polycarbonate to promote carbonization. The polycarbonate with 25 wt% of the fly ash showed good other main characteristics, such as mechanical properties and moldability, comparable to those of a flame retardant polycarbonate reinforced with glass fiber, used for electronic products such as desktop computers, etc. Applying the fly ash eliminates the need to use current retardants such as organic halogen compounds and thus promotes the perceived environmental safety of flame‐ retardant polycarbonate. In addition, being able to use less raw resin by adding the fly ash means that less energy is required to manufacture flame‐retardant polycarbonate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Phases in the system XeF2/XeF5AsF6 and structural and vibrational evidence for the following ionization pathway: XeF2 .fwdarw. XeF+ + F- (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhases in the system XeF2/XeF5AsF6 and structural and vibrational evidence for the following ionization pathway: XeF2 .fwdarw. XeF+ + F-Boris Zemva, Adolf Jesih, David H. Templeton, Allan Zalkin, Anthony K. Cheetham, and Neil BartlettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 24, 7420–7427Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00258a028RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (849 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Insulin and Hybrid Insulin/IGF Receptors Are Major Regulators of Breast Cancer Cells (2003)

In order to prevent and cure breast cancer it is important to identify and understand the biochemical pathways that are relevant to the biology of this disease. There is evidence, both in vitro and in vivo, that receptor tyrosine kinases play a key role in the formation and progression of breast cancer. The insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II), and their receptor (the IGR-IR) have been well documented in cell culture, animal studies, and humans to play a role in malignant transformation, progression, protection from apoptosis, and metastasis [46]. Also, the hormone insulin (which is very closely related to the IGFs) and its receptor (the IR which is very closely related to the IGR-IR) have been documented both in vitro and in vivo to also play a key role in breast cancer biology [4]. The contribution, however, of the IR to the regulation of breast cancer cell function has not been appreciated. Insulin signals breast cancer cells via its own receptor, and new data indicate that the fetal form of the IR (IR-A) is expressed in breast cancers. IR-A is activated not only by insulin, but also by IGF-II [9,38]. In addition, the IR contributes to formation of hybrid receptors with the IGR-IR (Hybrid-R) [31,32]. This chapter will review these latest developments in our understanding of the IR in breast cancer.