gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selection of tumor‑resistant variants following sustained natural killer cell‑mediated immune stress (2020)

Resistance of tumor cells to cell‑mediated cytotoxicity remains an obstacle to the immunotherapy of cancer and its molecular basis is poorly understood. To investigate the acquisition of tumor resistance to cell‑mediated cytotoxicity, resistant variants were selected following long‑term natural killer (NK) cell selection pressure. It was observed that these variants were resistant to NK cell‑mediated lysis, but were sensitive to autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes or cytotoxic drugs. This resistance appeared to be dependent, at least partly, on an alteration of target cell recognition by NK effector cells, but did not appear to involve any alterations in the expression of KIR, DNAM1 or NKG2D ligands on resistant cells, nor the induction of protective autophagy. In the present study, in order to gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquired tumor resistance to NK cell‑mediated cytotoxicity, a comprehensive analysis of the variant transcriptome was conducted. Comparative analysis identified an expression profile of genes that best distinguished resistant variants from parental sensitive cancer cells, with candidate genes putatively involved in NK cell‑mediated lysis resistance, but also in adhesion, migration and invasiveness, including upregulated genes, such as POT1, L1CAM or ECM1, and downregulated genes, such as B7‑H6 or UCHL1. Consequently, the selected variants were not only resistant to NK cell‑mediated lysis, but also displayed more aggressive properties. The findings of the present study emphasized that the role of NK cells may span far beyond the mere killing of malignant cells, and NK cells may be important effectors during cancer immunoediting.
Task Completion Detection (2019)

People can record their pending tasks using to-do lists, digital assistants, and other task management software. In doing so, users of these systems face at least two challenges: (1) they must manually mark their tasks as complete, and (2) when systems proactively remind them about their pending tasks, say, via interruptive notifications, they lack information on task completion status. As a result, people may not realize the full benefits of to-do lists (since these lists can contain both completed and pending tasks) and they may be reminded about tasks they have already done (wasting time and causing frustration). In this paper, we present methods to automatically detect task completion. These inferences can be used to deprecate completed tasks and/or suppress notifications for these tasks (or for other purposes, e.g., task prioritization). Using log data from a popular digital assistant, we analyze temporal dynamics in the completion of tasks and train machine-learned models to detect completion with accuracy exceeding 80% using a variety of features (time elapsed since task creation, task content, email, notifications, user history). The findings have implications for the design of intelligent systems to help people manage their tasks.
N4-cytosine DNA methylation regulates transcription and pathogenesis in Helicobacter pylori (2018)

Many bacterial genomes exclusively display an N4-methyl cytosine base (m4C), whose physiological significance is not yet clear. Helicobacter pylori is a carcinogenic bacterium and the leading cause of gastric cancer in humans. Helicobacter pylori strain 26695 harbors a single m4C cytosine methyltransferase, M2.HpyAII which recognizes 5' TCTTC 3' sequence and methylates the first cytosine residue. To understand the role of m4C modification, M2.hpyAII deletion strain was constructed. Deletion strain displayed lower adherence to host AGS cells and reduced potential to induce inflammation and apoptosis. M2.hpyAII gene deletion strain exhibited reduced capacity for natural transformation, which was rescued in the complemented strain carrying an active copy of M2.hpyAII gene in the genome. Genome-wide gene expression and proteomic analysis were carried out to discern the possible reasons behind the altered phenotype of the M2.hpyAII gene deletion strain. Upon the loss of m4C modification a total of 102 genes belonging to virulence, ribosome assembly and cellular components were differentially expressed. The present study adds a functional role for the presence of m4C modification in H. pylori and provides the first evidence that m4C signal acts as a global epigenetic regulator in H. pylori.
Isolation of bioactive compounds from Genista halacsyi (Leguminosae) and evaluation of their estrogenic activity (2008)

The genus Genista is remarkably rich in isoflavones, which are considered to be the most well studied phytoestrogens. In continuation of our research for new phytoestrogens [1], the aerial parts of Genista halacsyi Heldr., an endemic plant of Greece, was studied. Firstly by some classical separation methods several isoflavones were isolated among them: genistein, daidzein, biochanin, 8-MeO-formononetin, isoprunetin, 3'OH-isoprunetin, genistin, 8C-glucopyranosylgenistein 8C-glucopyranosylorobol and 8C-glucopyranosyl-4'glucopyranosylgenistein. In continuation high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC), a free liquid-liquid partition chromatographic technique that eliminates irreversible absorption of the sample onto solid support and has an excellent sample recovery was used. This technique was performed in order to isolate large amounts of the flavonoids.
CLEAR ZONE REQUIREMENTS FOR SUBURBAN HIGHWAYS (1995)

The growth of an urban area typically extends outward along arterial highways. The nature of the land use along the highways gradually changes from rural and agricultural use to suburban use with strip commercial developments. The resulting growth in traffic volume and frequent turning movements cause congestion and increased accident experience, which necessitates widening the existing two-lane highways to four or more lanes. Under current design guidelines, urban roadways must have a minimum clear zone width of 0.46 m (18 in.) beyond the face of the curb. On the other hand, high-speed rural arterial highways typically require a clear zone width of 9.1 m (30 ft) or more beyond the edge of the travelway. Some intermediate design requirements of clear zone width are needed for this transitional type of suburban, high-speed, curb-and-gutter roadway. Furthermore, the widening of the highway reduces the available clear zone width unless additional right-of-way is purchased. In other words, when the highway is widened the typical clear zone width of 9.1 m (30 ft) common to rural highways may be needed to provide more travel lanes. This paper presents the results of a study to determine an appropriate and cost beneficial clear zone requirement for such suburban, high-speed, arterial highways in an upgrading or reconstruction situation.
Batching and dynamic allocation techniques for increasing the stream capacity of an on-demand media server (2002)

A server for an interactive distributed multimedia system may require thousands of gigabytes of storage space and high I/O bandwidth. In order to maximize system utilization, and thus minimize cost, the load must be balanced among the server's disks, interconnection network and scheduler. Many algorithms for maximizing retrieval capacity from the storage system have been proposed. The paper presents techniques for improving server capacity by assigning media requests to the nodes of a server so as to balance the load on the interconnection network and the scheduling nodes. Five policies for request assignment are developed. The performance of these policies on an implementation of a server model developed earlier is presented.
MECHANISMS OF INJURIES FOR ADULTS AND CHILDREN RESULTING FROM AIRBAG INTERACTION (1997)

As of April 15, 1997, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has documented a total of 63 fatalities of automotive occupants attributed to airbag deployment. This paper summarizes the serious and fatal injuries sustained by both children and adults as a result of this airbag interaction. It is important to realize that the cases discussed in this paper represent a very small percentage of the total number of airbag deployments. Injury patterns are identified and primary mechanisms proposed for each pattern. Three distinct injury patterns are discussed for adults, and two patterns for children. Biomechanical differences between adults and children are discussed with respect to the resulting injuries. Primary injury mechanisms are proposed based on information collected from a number of different sources. Analytical modeling was used, along with documented occupant contact points within the vehicle interior, to predict occupant kinematics and timing with respect to airbag deployment. Experimental testing with anthropomorphic test dummies provided valuable information on the magnitude and direction of loads delivered by the deploying airbag to an out-of-position occupant. All of this information, along with biomechanical expertise and existing injury tolerance data, were used to develop the proposed injury mechanisms. Language: en
Electrostatic Comb Drive Actuator Array with Integrated Cantilever for Scanning Probe Applications (2021)

This paper illustrates an electrostatic comb-drive actuator array integrated with a scanning probe cantilever capable of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$9.13\mu \mathrm{m}$</tex> of unilateral displacement at as little as 55V. We have investigated and implemented several approaches to achieve this large displacement with the aim being to develop our own MEMS scanning probes with robust nanowires grown directly onto the cantilevers. By utilizing double folded flexures as our guiding mechanical parts, we reduced stiffness in the actuating direction. The fabrication of trapezoidal combs allows for longer combs with more actuating fingers to create a greater force without adding weight to the structures. The increased electrostatic force and thus displacement of the device is also due to a reduced finger gap size of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2\mu \mathrm{m}$</tex> and development of a faster etch process to provide for smoother side walls and better structural stability of the numerous thin fingers. In addition, we shifted from the traditional approach of grounding the fixed combs to grounding the movable combs which is necessary to allow for integration of RF signals at a future date. Finally, by conducting such fabrication in-house we have demonstrated the ability to incorporate growth of a nanowire into this fabrication process.
Aberrant Methylation of the 5' CpG Island of TSLC1 Is Common in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Is First Manifest in High-Grade PanINs (2002)

The recently identified tumor-suppressor gene TSLC1 on chromosome 11q23.2 is frequently inactivated in human non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma by DNA methylation-associated silencing. The aim of this study was to determine if TSLC1 is inactivated in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. We analyzed 17 pancreatic cancer cell lines, 91 primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 46 pancreatic intraepithelial (PanIN) precursor lesions and 15 microscopically normal pancreata for methylation of the 5' CpG island of the TSLC1 gene through methylation-specific PCR. We observed 5' CpG methylation of TSLC1 in 4 of 17 cell lines (24%). In each cell line the aberrant methylation was associated with loss of TSLC1 expression by RT-PCR that was reversible after treatment with the DNA methyl-transferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'- deoxycytidine. Furthermore, we observed that TSLC1 was methylated in 25 of 91 primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas (27%), and in 2 of 7 highgrade PanIN-3 lesions (29%), but not in low-grade PanIN (0 of 9 PanlN-2 and 0 of 30 PanIN-1) lesions or in normal pancreata (n=15). We conclude that epigenetic silencing of TSLC1 expression through 5' CpG island associated methylation is common in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and is a late event in pancreatic neoplastic development.
Chemokine receptor 5Delta32 mutation reduces the risk of acute rejection in liver transplantation. (2009)

Patients with the Delta32-mutation might be candidates for a minimized immunosuppressive therapy. CCR-5 could be relevant as a target for a new therapeutic approach.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide stimulates cholecystokinin secretion in STC-1 cells (1996)

Secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) from the endocrine cells of small intestinal mucosa and the murine intestinal tumor cell line STC-1 is known to involve both adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-and Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction pathways. However, the endogenous stimulant(s) that acts through the cAMP-dependent cascade has not been identified. We determined the effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on CCK secretion and cAMP production and its interaction with other CCK secretagogues in STC-1 cells. At concentrations > 10 nM, PACAP-27 stimulated the release of large intestinal CCK from STC-1 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The stimulatory effect of PACAP-27 was enhanced by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). PACAP-27, PACAP-38, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), with or without IBMX, were equally effective and potent to elicit CCK release with similar half-maximal doses and maximal levels of stimulation. Both forms of PACAP and VIP stimulated a transient but not significant increase in the cellular cAMP level. In the presence of IBMX, all three peptides increased significantly the cellular cAMP level between 2 and 5 min, but PACAP produced a two times higher level than VIP. The stimulatory effect of PACAP-27 on CCK release was also potentiated by bombesin and KCl but without a synergistic production of cAMP. With or without IBMX, PACAP-27-stimulated CCK secretion was not affected by the Ca2+ channel blocker diltiazem (1 microM), the cell-permeable Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM; 25 microM), or by downregulation of protein kinase C. The stimulatory effects of KCl and bombesin were either reduced or abolished by these treatments. The synergistic effect of bombesin with PACAP was abolished by diltiazem and BAPTA-AM but not by downregulation of protein kinase C, whereas KCl remained synergistic with PACAP after these treatments. Taken together, these results indicate that PACAP may be a neuromodulator of CCK secretion that acts through activation of adenylate cyclase and may function as a coregulator with other CCK secretagogues that are known to increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration.
General Route for the Preparation of Diverse 17-Membered Macrocycles Based on RCM and Examination of theE/ZSelectivity (2012)

Abstract A convergent, general synthetic route to 17-membered macrocycles was developed to support biological evaluation and structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies during phenotypic screening for immunology targets. A series of amide coupling reactions led to a ring-closing metathesis (RCM) precursor that was cyclized using Grubbs' catalysts. It was found that the reaction formed the macrocyclic products in a 3:1 ratio of E/Z isomers. Moreover, it was shown that a number of similarly substituted RCM precursors undergo cyclization to produce the geometric E/Z isomers in roughly the same 3:1 ratio. The remarkable independence of the E/Z outcome from the substitution pattern of the RCM precursor makes this synthetic approach generally applicable. Separation of the E/Z isomers was achieved by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and allowed biological profiling of the geometric isomers. Reactive groups in the macrocycle were utilized for late-stage modifications in the fashion of diversity-orientated synthesis (DOS), yielding analogs for SAR studies.
Molecular profiling of proteolytic and lectin transcripts in Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) feeding on sunflower and cowpea (2007)

Homalodisca vitripennis Germar 1821 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) [Takiya et al. (2006) Ann Entomol Soc Am 99:648-655; syn. H. coagulata (Say)] salivary gland and gut EST libraries were used to isolate cDNA fragments of the gene transcripts encoding for cathepsin L, asparaginyl endopeptidase, cathepsin B, metalloendopeptidase, cathepsin D, multicatalytic endopeptidase, and a sugar-binding C-type lectin. Transcript levels were evaluated in immature and adult H. vitripennis feeding on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Northern blot hybridization results showed that expression of most of the transcripts were similar for all developmental stages and feeding on the two diets examined. However, the expression of the transcript for asparaginyl endopeptidase was less expressed in sunflower-fed adult females compared to sunflower-fed immatures. Also, the expression of the C-type lectin transcript was up-regulated in adults compared to immatures when fed on either diet. Documenting both the presence and variation of transcript expression involved in putative digestive proteolysis in this xylem-feeding leafhopper is noteworthy and aids efforts to design specific diet formulations for mass production of hosts and parasitoids to be used as effective biological control measures.
Analysis of Frequency Agile Radar from the Phase Transition Theory (2020)

FAR has improved anti-jamming performance over traditional pulse-Doppler radars under complex electromagnetic circumstances. To reconstruct the range-Doppler information in FAR, many compressed sensing (CS) methods including standard and block sparse recovery have been applied. In this paper, we study phase transitions of range-Doppler recovery in FAR using CS. In particular, we derive closed-form phase transition curves associated with block sparse recovery and complex Gaussian matrices, based on prior results of standard sparse recovery under real Gaussian matrices. We further approximate the obtained curves with elementary functions of radar and target parameters, facilitating practical applications of these curves. Our results indicate that block sparse recovery outperforms the standard counterpart when targets occupy more than one range cell, which are often referred to as extended targets. Simulations validate the availability of these curves and their approximations in FAR, which benefit the design of the radar parameters.
Reactions of gallium hydrides with 1,4-di-t-butyl-1,4-diazabutadiene; subvalent and hydrometallation products (1990)

Reaction of LiGaH4 and gallium metal with 1,4-di-t-butyl-1,4-diazabutadiene (dbdab) in diethyl ether at room temperature yields the monomeric, formally gallium(II) species [Ga(dbdab)2], (1), previously prepared using metal vapours, and GaH3·NMe3 with dbdab in hexane at –80 °C yields the novel hydrogallation product [{H2Ga}2{µ-N(But)CH2}2], (2) which has magnetically distinct geminal hydrides (2JHH 44 Hz) in agreement with the crystal structure (<Ga–N>2.013Å, <Ga–H> 1.56Å) and IR data (νGa–H 1920, 1870 cm–1).
Bioassay Studies Support the Potential for Iatrogenic Transmission of Variant Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease through Dental Procedures (2012)

Infectivity was higher than expected, in a wider range of oral tissues, than was allowed for in previous risk assessments. Disease was transmitted following transient exposure of the gingiva to a contaminated dental file. These observations provide evidence that dental procedures could be a route of cross-infection for vCJD and support the enforcement of single-use for certain dental instruments.
Characterization of various wheat types and processing methods using in vitro ruminal batch cultures (2021)

This study investigated the effect of kernel hardness, processing method, and their interaction on particle size, dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD), and fermentation characteristics of wheat grain in batch cultures. The study was a completely randomized design with 3 wheat classifications (soft, medium, hard) × 3 processing methods (grinding, dry- and temper-rolling). Fifty-five wheat samples were characterized for chemical traits and classified for kernel hardness. Samples were either ground through 1-mm screen, dry-rolled or temper-rolled to a constant processing index (PI) of 0.80. In vitro gas production (GP) kinetics, fermentation characteristics and DMD at 6, 24 and 48 h of incubation were measured. Crude protein (CP) (g/kg) was lower and starch (g/kg) was higher for soft than medium and hard wheat. The PSD of rolled wheat was affected (P < 0.01) by a wheat hardness × processing interaction. With dry-rolling, soft wheat had more particles retained on the 2.36-mm sieve and less on the 1.18-mm sieve, while, with temper-rolling, soft wheat had more particles retained on the 3.35-mm sieve and less on the 2.36-mm sieve than those for dry- or temper-rolled medium and hard wheat. Kernel hardness × processing was observed (P < 0.01) for DMD and CPD after 24 h and 48 h of incubation; the DMD and CPD were higher (P < 0.01) with dry- than temper-rolled hard or medium wheat, but no differences in DMD and CPD were observed between dry- and temper-rolled soft wheat. A kernel hardness × processing interaction was also noted for total VFA production and molar proportions of propionate after 24 h of incubation (P < 0.05). Dry-rolled soft wheat had a higher (P = 0.04) total VFA concentration and molar proportion of propionate after 24 h of incubation as compared to dry-rolled hard wheat. Compared to grinding, VFA concentrations and proportion of propionate were all reduced by both dry- and temper rolling with the magnitude of these differences generally being greater for soft as compared to medium and hard wheat. In conclusion, regardless of kernel hardness, PSD of dry- and temper-rolled wheat had a significant impact on DMD. Tempering was more effective at reducing the generation of fine particles than dry-rolling, particularly with hard wheat, a factor that may reduce the risk of digestive disturbances in ruminants fed wheat.
Short‐range Wireless Communications (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction MIMO–OFDM in the TDD Mode Ultra-wideband: Technology and Future Perspectives Wireless Optical Communication Wireless Sensor Networks Acknowledgment References
Durability of Carbon-Supported La-Mn-Based Perovskite-Type Oxides as Oxygen Reduction Catalysts in Strong Alkaline Solution (2011)

The durability of carbon-supported La-Mn-based perovskites for the oxygen reduction reaction in strong alkaline solutions was investigated. Carbon-supported perovskite-type oxide nanoparticles were prepared by using a reverse micelle method. The durability of the carbon-supported LaMnO 3 nanoparticles was compared with that of carbon-supported LaMnO 3 prepared by the mechanical mixing of LaMnO 3 with the carbon support. As a result, the durability of the carbon-supported LaMnO 3 nanoparticles was less than that of the carbon-supported LaMnO 3 prepared by the mixing method due to a difference in the surface area of LaMnO 3 , which has an effect on the oxygen reduction reaction. In order to improve the durability of the carbon-supported LaMnO 3 nanoparticles, Ca and Fe were substituted at the A-sites and B-sites of the perovskite lattice, respectively. As a result, it was found that the partial substitution of Ca and Fe is effective in improving the durability of LaMnO 3 under cathodic polarization in strong alkaline solutions. In particular, the substitution of Ca at the A-site not only improved the durability of the oxide but also enhanced the oxygen reduction activity owing to an increase in the average valence state of the B-sites of the perovskite lattice.