gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Global Convergence of (Fast) Incremental Expectation Maximization Methods (2019)

The EM algorithm is one of the most popular algorithm for inference in latent data models. The original formulation of the EM algorithm does not scale to large data set, because the whole data set is required at each iteration of the algorithm. To alleviate this problem, Neal and Hinton have proposed an incremental version of the EM (iEM) in which at each iteration the conditional expectation of the latent data (E-step) is updated only for a mini-batch of observations. Another approach has been proposed by Cappé and Moulines in which the E-step is replaced by a stochastic approximation step, closely related to stochastic gradient. In this paper, we analyze incremental and stochastic version of the EM algorithm as well as the variance reduced-version of Chen et. al. in a common unifying framework. We also introduce a new version incremental version, inspired by the SAGA algorithm by Defazio et. al. We establish non-asymptotic convergence bounds for global convergence. Numerical applications are presented in this article to illustrate our findings.
Préparation et évaluation de nouveaux biomatériaux pour l'ingénierie tissulaire vasculaire (2009)

Les therapeutiques actuelles de remplacement ou de remodelage des vaisseaux pathologiques presentent de nombreuses limites. Les substituts vasculaires synthetiques existants n’assurent en effet que le remplacement des vaisseaux de gros diametre, et les greffes-pontages autologues ne permettent que de traiter les vaisseaux de petit calibre chez les patients malades qui presentent encore un capital vasculaire suffisant en qualite et en quantite. Pour tenter de pallier ces limites, nous axons nos recherches sur le developpement de biomateriaux susceptibles d’etre utilises un jour comme substituts vasculaires. Le projet de ce travail s’oriente donc vers la conception et la preparation de matrices 3D sous forme d’hydrogels polysaccharidiques destines a l’ingenierie tissulaire vasculaire. Nous y decrivons d’abord la mise au point de matrices compactes a base de pullulane, utilisees comme supports de culture cellulaire de cellules musculaires lisses. Parallelement a ce premier travail, nous decrivons le developpement d’un nouveau type de prothese a base de polysaccharides (pullulane et dextrane) et nous en evaluons l’efficacite in vivo en tant que substitut vasculaire chez le rat. Enfin, nous presentons un nouveau procede de fabrication utilisant une technique combinee de reticulation et de lyophilisation permettant d’obtenir des matrices polysaccharidiques poreuses depourvues de residus toxiques et nous y exposons nos travaux d’ensemencement a l’aide de cellules souches mesenchymateuses.
Recent Trends in Development of High Voltage Circuit Breakers with SF6 Alternative Gases (2017)

The available knowledge of state-of-the-art of SF6 alternative gases in switching applications was collected and evaluated in an initiative of the Current Zero Club together with CIGRE. The present contribution summarizes the main results of this activity and will also include the latest trends. The main properties and switching performance of new gases are compared to SF6. The most promising new gases are at the moment perfluoroketones and perfluoronitriles. Due to the high boiling point of these gases, in HV applications mixtures with CO2 are used. For MV insulation perfluoroketones are mixed with air, but also other combinations might be possible. The dielectric and switching performance of the mixtures, with mixing ratios that allow sufficiently low operating temperatures, is reported to be only slightly below SF6. Minor design changes or de-rating of switchgear are therefore necessary. Differences between the gas mixtures are mainly in the boiling point and the GWP.
Supplementary Data from Tipifarnib Plus Tamoxifen in Tamoxifen-Resistant Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Negative Phase II and Screening of Potential Therapeutic Markers by Proteomic Analysis (2023)

Supplementary Data from Tipifarnib Plus Tamoxifen in Tamoxifen-Resistant Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Negative Phase II and Screening of Potential Therapeutic Markers by Proteomic Analysis
Changing Threshold-Based Segmentation Has No Relevant Impact on Semi-Quantification in the Context of Structured Reporting for PSMA-PET/CT (2022)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-directed positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is increasingly utilized for staging of men with prostate cancer (PC). To increase interpretive certainty, the standardized PSMA reporting and data system (RADS) has been proposed. Using PSMA-RADS, we characterized lesions in 18 patients imaged with <sup>18</sup>F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT for primary staging and determined the stability of semi-quantitative parameters. Six hundred twenty-three lesions were categorized according to PSMA-RADS and manually segmented. In this context, PSMA-RADS-3A (soft-tissue) or -3B (bone) lesions are defined as being indeterminate for the presence of PC. For PMSA-RADS-4 and -5 lesions; however, PC is highly likely or almost certainly present [with further distinction based on absence (PSMA-RADS-4) or presence (PSMA-RADS-5) of correlative findings on CT]. Standardized uptake values (SUV<sub>max</sub>, SUV<sub>peak</sub>, SUV<sub>mean</sub>) were recorded, and volumetric parameters [PSMA-derived tumor volume (PSMA-TV); total lesion PSMA (TL-PSMA)] were determined using different maximum intensity thresholds (MIT) (40 vs. 45 vs. 50%). SUV<sub>max</sub> was significantly higher in PSMA-RADS-5 lesions compared to all other PSMA-RADS categories (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.0322). In particular, the clinically challenging PSMA-RADS-3A lesions showed significantly lower SUV<sub>max</sub> and SUV<sub>peak</sub> compared to the entire PSMA-RADS-4 or -5 cohort (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), while for PSMA-RADS-3B this only applies when compared to the entire PSMA-RADS-5 cohort (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), but not to the PSMA-RADS-4 cohort (SUV<sub>max</sub>, <i>p</i> = 0.07; SUV<sub>peak</sub>, <i>p</i> = 0.08). SUV<sub>mean</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.30) and TL-PSMA (<i>p</i> = 0.16) in PSMA-RADS-5 lesions were not influenced by changing the MIT, while PSMA-TV showed significant differences when comparing 40 vs. 50% MIT (<i>p</i> = 0.0066), which was driven by lymph nodes (<i>p</i> = 0.0239), but not bone lesions (<i>p</i> = 0.15). SUV<sub>max</sub> was significantly higher in PSMA-RADS-5 lesions compared to all other PSMA-RADS categories in <sup>18</sup>F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT. As such, the latter parameter may assist the interpreting molecular imaging specialist in assigning the correct PSMA-RADS score to sites of disease, thereby increasing diagnostic certainty. In addition, changes of the MIT in PSMA-RADS-5 lesions had no significant impact on SUV<sub>mean</sub> and TL-PSMA in contrast to PSMA-TV.
ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase, CD45, and T cell receptor involvement in UV- and H2O2-induced T cell signal transduction. (1994)

Several mammalian responses to UV irradiation, including the activation of NF-kappa B, are believed to involve tyrosine phosphorylation. UV irradiation and H2O2 treatment of T lymphocytes induce protein tyrosine phosphorylation and Ca2+ signals similar to those observed following biological stimulation. We have examined the role of cell surface molecules in these responses. Normal T lymphocytes whose surface expression of CD3 was depleted showed impaired UV-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and Ca2+ signals. Similarly, Jurkat T cell lines deficient in CD3 or CD45 expression also gave impaired UV responses. However, all these cell types still gave strong Ca2+ and tyrosine phosphorylation responses to H2O2. The T cell tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 was found to be highly responsive to UV and H2O2 treatment. ZAP-70 responsiveness to UV required expression of both CD3 and CD45, whereas only CD3 was required for the response to H2O2. UV-induced activation of NF-kappa B was blocked by CD3 depletion, indicating the importance of such cell surface molecules in biological responses to UV. In nonlymphoid cells, the epidermal growth factor receptor displayed increased tyrosine phosphorylation within seconds of UV irradiation. These results suggest that UV-induced signal transduction is mediated via cell surface receptors that normally respond to biological stimulation, whereas H2O2 is able to partially bypass this requirement.
Interactive Language: Talking to Robots in Real Time (2022)

We present a framework for building interactive, real-time, natural language-instructable robots in the real world, and we open source related assets (dataset, environment, benchmark, and policies). Trained with behavioral cloning on a dataset of hundreds of thousands of language-annotated trajectories, a produced policy can proficiently execute an order of magnitude more commands than previous works: specifically we estimate a 93.5% success rate on a set of 87,000 unique natural language strings specifying raw end-to-end visuo-linguo-motor skills in the real world. We find that the same policy is capable of being guided by a human via real-time language to address a wide range of precise long-horizon rearrangement goals, e.g. "make a smiley face out of blocks". The dataset we release comprises nearly 600,000 language-labeled trajectories, an order of magnitude larger than prior available datasets. We hope the demonstrated results and associated assets enable further advancement of helpful, capable, natural-language-interactable robots. See videos at https://interactive-language.github.io.
Quantum Dot–Polymer Composites for Displays: Inkjet‐Printed Quantum Dot–Polymer Composites for Full‐Color AC‐Driven Displays (Adv. Mater. 21/2009) (2009)

Vladimir Bulovic and co-workers show on p. 2151 that colloidal quantum dot-polymer composites are used for inkjet print-deposition of high resolution, patterned, multicolored thin films in the fabrication of robust, bright, full-color AC-driven displays. The inside cover shows an inkjet nozzle with a quantum dot solution and a completed device on a flexible substrate under UV illumination, with inset examples of the achievable high resolution and patterning.
Equidade e desempenho no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio: Um estudo sobre sexo e raça nos municípios brasileiros (2022)

Este artigo debate equidade e desigualdade de desempenho para alunos de escolas públicas, pertencentes a municípios entre 50 e 500 mil habitantes, que se candidataram ao ENEM 2017. Análises segmentadas por raça, sexo, escolaridade materna e renda familiar indicaram desigualdade de desempenho medido pela nota de Matemática. Por exemplo, tem-se melhor desempenho para os alunos brancos, especialmente do sexo masculino e de alta renda, e forte prejuízo para alunas pretas de baixa renda. Apresentam-se análises intramunicipais com a medida de equidade obtida através de modelos multiníveis (alunos, escolas e municípios) com coeficientes aleatórios. Contribuições prévias como Alves et al. (2016), Travitzki et al. (2016) e Travitzki (2017) embasam a proposta apresentada. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos municípios mais equitativos em relação a sexo e raça, obteve um desempenho médio mais baixo. Por outro lado, os municípios com menos equidade estão, em sua maioria, acima da média em Matemática. Os municípios que combinam qualidade e equidade possuem maior renda familiar, alta proporção de alunos brancos e maior nível socioeconômico escolar médio. Políticas públicas devem ser propostas a fim de possibilitar que escolas de municípios com menos equidade compensem as diferenças entre grupos sociais.
Reduction in Proximal Femoral Strength in Patients With Acute Spinal Cord Injury (2014)

Bone loss after spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with an increased risk of fracture resulting from minor trauma. Proximal femoral fractures account for approximately 10% to 20% of the fractures in this population and are among the most serious of injuries. Our purpose was to quantify changes to proximal femoral strength in patients with acute SCI. Thirteen subjects received dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and clinical computed tomography (CT) scans at serial time points during acute SCI separated by a mean of 3.5 months (range 2.6 to 4.8 months). Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at the proximal femur was quantified from DXA, and proximal femoral strength was predicted using CT-based finite element (FE) modeling in a sideways fall configuration. During the acute period of SCI, femoral neck and total proximal femur aBMD decreased by 2.0 ± 1.1%/month (p < 0.001) and 2.2 ± 0.7%/month (p < 0.001), respectively. The observed reductions in aBMD were associated with a 6.9 ± 2.0%/month (p < 0.001) reduction in femoral strength. Thus, changes in femoral strength were some 3 times greater than the observed changes in aBMD (p < 0.001). It was interesting to note that in just 3.5 months of acute SCI, reductions in strength for some patients were on the order of that predicted for lifetime declines owing to aging. Therefore, it is important that therapeutic interventions are implemented soon after SCI in an effort to halt bone loss and decrease fracture risk. In addition, clinicians utilizing DXA to monitor bone health after SCI should be aware of the potential discrepancy between changes in aBMD and strength.
Synthesis of [17O]‐ and [18O]‐labelled hypophosphate (1989)

Abstract The preparation of 17 O‐ and 18 O‐labelled hypophosphate by oxidation of diphosphite (P 2 ‐P 4 acid) with iodine‐water is described. The 162 MHz NMR 31 p( 18 O) isotope shift of 18 O‐labelled hypophosphate is 2.42 Hz (0.0149 ppm), the relatively large value compared to 18 O‐pyrophosphate, 1.73 Hz (0.0107 ppm), being suggestive of an as yet unobserved 31 P( 18 O) β‐isotope shift of 1.38 Hz (0.009 ppm)
ChemInform Abstract: Aldecalmycin, A New Antimicrobial Antibiotic from Streptomyces. Part 3. Determination of Absolute Configuration. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identifikation von miR-34a und miR-145 als TAp73-regulierte microRNAs beim Hepatozellulären Karzinom (2011)

MicroRNAs (miRs) sind kleine, nicht codierende RNA-Moleküle, die die Genexpression auf post-transkriptioneller Ebene regulieren und als Tumorsuppressoren oder Onkogene fungieren können. Ein Beispiel für Tumor-suppressive Funktionen von miRs ist die Transaktivierung von miR-34a durch Wildtyp (wt) p53, die zur Induktion von Apoptose und Zell-Zyklus-Arrest führt. Die Rolle von wt p53 und TAp73 in der Aktivierung von miRs beim Hepatozellulären Karzinom ist nicht untersucht. Bisherige Arbeiten unserer Arbeitsgruppe haben gezeigt, dass der Status der p53-Familie eine zentrale Rolle für Prognose und Therapieansprechen des Hepatozellulären Karzinoms spielt. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Identifizierung und Charakterisierung wt p53- und TAp73- induzierter miRs, die essentiell für die durch die p53-Familie vermittelte DNA-Schädigungs-Antwort (DNA damage response) und damit relevant für das Therapieansprechen beim Hepatozellulären Karzinom sind.
Refining Therapeutic Mandates in Couple Therapy Outcome Research: A Feasibility Study (2008)

Using a series of 59 cases of couple therapy, we studied the nature, frequency, and pre-treatment correlates of therapeutic mandates. Following intake, therapists coded mandate and couples completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and the Relationship Attribution Measure. The distribution of therapeutic mandates showed that 45.8% wished to improve an overtly conflictual relationship, 28.8% consulted to remedy a lack of love and/or desire, and 25.4% aimed to change a specific aspect of an otherwise well-functioning relationship. Over the course of treatment, in 20% of cases, the therapeutic mandate was revised and adjusted. The results of a logistic regression analysis showed that mandate subgroups, men's marital satisfaction, women's responsibility attributions, and women's income are significantly associated with termination status.
Synchronization measures of bursting data: Application to the electrocorticogram of an auditory event-related experiment (2004)

Synchronization measures have become an important tool for exploring the relationships between time series. We review three recently proposed nonlinear synchronization measures and expand their definitions in a straightforward way to apply to an ensemble of measurements. We also develop a synchronization measure in which nearest neighbors are determined across the ensemble. We compare these four nonlinear synchronization measures and show that our measure succeeds in physically motivated examples where the other methods fail. We apply the synchronization measure to human electrocorticogram data collected during an auditory event-related potential experiment. The results suggest a crude model of cortical connectivity.
A Proposal for First-Ever Measurement of Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (2008)

We propose to build and deploy a 10-kg dual-phase argon ionization detector for the detection of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, which is described by the reaction; {nu} + (Z,N) {yields} {nu} + (Z,N), where {nu} is the scattering neutrino, and (Z,N) is the target nucleus of atomic number Z and neutron number N. Its detection would validate central tenets of the Standard Model. We have built a gas-phase argon ionization detector to determine the feasibility of measuring the small recoil energies ({approx} 1keV) predicted from coherent neutrino scattering, and to characterize the recoil spectrum of the argon nuclei induced by scattering from medium-energy neutrons. We present calibrations made with 55-Fe, a low-energy X-ray source, and report on measurements to date of the recoil spectra from the 2-MeV LINAC Li-target neutron source at LLNL. A high signal-to-noise measurement of the recoil spectrum will not only serve as an important milestone in achieving the sensitivity necessary for measuring coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, but will break new scientific ground on its own.
Accuracy of Location-Dependent Inter-Cell Interference Stochastic Model with Ranging Errors (2015)

This paper investigate the accuracy of the location-dependent Inter-Cell Interference (ICI) level predicted taking into account shadowing effect in downlink heterogeneous cellular networks. The model accuracy is studied with respect to the distance range estimation reliability, where the distance between the User Equipement (UE) and its most interfering eNB is estimated according to the Reference Signal Strength (RSS) ranging method. The log-normal shadowing path loss model is considered, where three distance estimators are used: mean, median and mode. The reliability of these ones is discussed in macro and small cell scenarios. Then, the impact of distance error estimation in both scenarios is evaluated.
Influence of Barley and Malt Storage on Lipoxygenase Reaction (1998)

ABSTRACT The dioxygenation of linoleic acid (LA) by aqueous flour suspensions of barley and malting samples was studied. The rate of this lipoxygenase (LOX) reaction varied as the malting process proceeded, giving a characteristic LOX reaction profile for a malting. The differences in the profiles from one malting to another were dramatic. It also appeared that during storage of dry, intact kernel samples from a single malting, a reduction in the rate of LOX reaction always occurred, and the rates of reduction with time were dependent on the stage of malting at the time of sampling. The kinetics of this aging could roughly be divided into four categories representing different stages of malting. Consequently, greatly varying LOX reaction profiles can be obtained from a single malting depending on the time of storage of kernels before assays. The results indicate that steeping, germination and the subsequent drying render the state of kernels unstable with respect to the LOX reaction for at least two to three weeks. Homogeneity of malt quality is important in the further applications of malt, especially in the brewing industry. Therefore, the rate of LOX reaction should be considered as a quality factor of malt.
Isothermal Titration Calorimetric Study of the Association of Hen Egg Lysozyme and the Anti-Lysozyme Antibody HyHEL-5 (1994)

The thermodynamics of association of hen egg lysozyme and the antibody HyHEL-5 was characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry. The structure of this complex has been determined to 2.8-A resolution by Sheriff et al. [Sheriff, S., Silverton, E. W., Padlan, E. A., Cohen, G. H., Smith-Gill, S. J., Finzel, B. C., & Davies, D. R. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 8075-8079]. The calorimetric enthalpy of association is negative and declines linearly with temperature in the range 10-37 degrees C (delta Cp = -340 +/- 40 cal mol-1 K-1). Entropic contributions calculated using previously determined values of the affinity of association are negative (unfavorable) in this temperature range. This result is consistent with the loss of mobility upon association of the unusually mobile segments of HEL which form the HyHEL-5 epitope. As the affinity of association is approximately constant in this temperature range, an enthalpy-entropy compensation effect is implied. The hydrophobic and vibrational contributions to delta S and delta Cp are estimated using the method of Sturtevant [Sturtevant, J. M. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 2236-2240]. The experimental value of delta Cp is in rather close agreement with the delta Cp estimated from the polar and nonpolar surface areas buried upon association.
Read-log-update (2015)

This paper introduces read-log-update (RLU), a novel extension of the popular read-copy-update (RCU) synchronization mechanism that supports scalability of concurrent code by allowing unsynchronized sequences of reads to execute concurrently with updates. RLU overcomes the major limitations of RCU by allowing, for the first time, concurrency of reads with multiple writers, and providing automation that eliminates most of the programming difficulty associated with RCU programming. At the core of the RLU design is a logging and coordination mechanism inspired by software transactional memory algorithms. In a collection of micro-benchmarks in both the kernel and user space, we show that RLU both simplifies the code and matches or improves on the performance of RCU. As an example of its power, we show how it readily scales the performance of a real-world application, Kyoto Cabinet, a truly difficult concurrent programming feat to attempt in general, and in particular with classic RCU.
Supplementary Table 4 from Characterizing the Impact of Smoking and Lung Cancer on the Airway Transcriptome Using RNA-Seq (2023)

Supplementary Table 4 from Characterizing the Impact of Smoking and Lung Cancer on the Airway Transcriptome Using RNA-Seq
Ethanol produces coronary vasospasm: evidence for a direct action of ethanol on vascular muscle (1983)

The effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on basal tension of canine small and large coronary arteries were examined in vitro. Ethanol in a concentration as little as 8.5 mM can induce threshold contractions of coronary arteries. High concentrations of ethanol produce concentration-dependent coronary vasospasms equivalent to those induced by supra-maximal concentrations of KCl. Acetaldehyde (10(-5) to 10(-2)M) resulted in concentration-dependent relaxation of basal tone. Use of a variety of pharmacological antagonists (i.e., phentolamine, methysergide, diphenhydramine, metiamide, propranolol and indomethacin) did not attenuate or prevent the spasmogenic actions of ethanol. These findings could help to explain why alcohol can induce cardiac depression, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy and the higher than normal incidence of sudden death observed in 'binge' drinkers.