gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Surface Treatment of Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles on Properties of Thermotropic Nematic Liquid Crystals (2012)

We observe a strong effect of surfactant structure on the aggregation of ferromagnetic nanoparticles in nematic liquid crystal (LC) hosts, and the colloidal stability and ordering of the resulting nematic matrix. We find that ferromagnetic nanoparticles coated with surfactants that possess terminal mesogenic groups induce minimal aggregation of the nanoparticles, resulting in a 1.5 times reduction in the value of the Frederikscz transition field in comparison with the parent LC host.
Batch fabrication of carbon nanotubes on tips of a silicon pyramid array (2007)

We have proposed batch fabrication of silicon pyramids with upward CNTs on the tips at one time by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. To synthesize upward CNTs on the pyramid tips, an upward electric field was applied to the silicon pyramid array during the CVD process. By electric field simulation and verifying experiment on silicon one-dimensional array structures, we found that CNTs tended to grow from sharp tips in our method. We fabricated the silicon pyramid array with sharp tips by anisotropic wet etching. After the CVD process, CNTs growing from the tips of the pyramids were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a result, about 70% of 100 × 100 silicon pyramid array had CNTs on the tips. Our method would be valuable for fabricating probes of atomic force microscope (AFM) with CNTs on the tips (CNT-AFM probes)
Determination of capture cross sections for as-grown electron traps in HfO2∕HfSiO stacks (2006)

A major challenge for replacing gate SiON with HfO2 is the instability and reliability of HfO2. Unlike the SiON, there can be substantial amount of as-grown electron traps in HfO2. These traps can cause instability in the threshold voltage and contribute to the dielectric breakdown. Despite the early efforts, our understanding of them is incomplete. Agreement on their capture cross sections has not been reached and the reported values spread in a large range of 10−12–10−19cm2. The objective of this paper is to determine their capture cross sections unambiguously, which requires knowing the gate current and the electron fluency for filling the trap. A key part of this work is to estimate the trapping-induced transient gate current following the application of a pulse to the gate. This is achieved by numerical simulation. It is found that trapping can reduce the gate current by two orders of magnitude and the gate current can drop substantially within microseconds. The results show the presence of two distinctive capture cross sections in the order of 10−14 and 10−16cm2, respectively, which most likely originated from two different types of as-grown electron traps in HfO2. These capture cross sections are insensitive to fabrication and processing techniques.
Detecting Breast Cancer Using Raman Spectroscopy (2002)

Raman spectroscopy provides detailed chemical and pathological information about biological tissue. Using a nine-component model of breast tissue it is possible to explain all of the major spectral features observed in normal and diseased samples. These model parameters are used to produce a diagnostic algorithm capable of differentiating normal/benign samples and malignant ones.
Data from A Potent, Metabolically Stable Tubulin Inhibitor Targets the Colchicine Binding Site and Overcomes Taxane Resistance (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Antimitotics that target tubulin are among the most useful chemotherapeutic drugs, but their clinical activity is often limited by the development of multidrug resistance. We recently discovered the novel small-molecule DJ101 as a potent and metabolically stable tubulin inhibitor that can circumvent the drug efflux pumps responsible for multidrug resistance of existing tubulin inhibitors. In this study, we determined the mechanism of action of this drug. The basis for its activity was illuminated by solving the crystal structure of DJ101 in complex with tubulin at a resolution of 2.8Å. Investigations of the potency of DJ101 in a panel of human metastatic melanoma cell lines harboring major clinically relevant mutations defined IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of 7–10 nmol/L. In cells, DJ101 disrupted microtubule networks, suppressed anchorage-dependent melanoma colony formation, and impaired cancer cell migration. In melanoma-bearing mice, DJ101 administration inhibited tumor growth and reduced lung metastasis in the absence of observable toxicity. DJ101 also completely inhibited tumor growth in a paclitaxel-resistant xenograft mouse model of human prostate cancer (PC-3/TxR), where paclitaxel was minimally effective. Our findings offer preclinical proof of concept for the continued development of DJ101 as a next-generation tubulin inhibitor for cancer therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; These findings offer preclinical proof of concept for the continued development of DJ101 as a next-generation antitubulin drug for cancer therapy. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(1); 265–77. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Evaluating the impact of stale link state on quality-of-service routing (2001)

Quality-of-service (QoS) routing satisfies application performance requirements and optimizes network resource usage by selecting paths based on connection traffic parameters and link load information. However, distributing link state imposes significant bandwidth and processing overhead on the network. This paper investigates the performance tradeoff between protocol overhead and the quality of the routing decisions in the context of the source-directed link state routing protocols proposed for IP and ATM networks. We construct a detailed model of QoS routing that parameterizes the path-selection algorithm, link-cost function, and link state update policy. Through extensive simulation experiments with several network topologies and traffic patterns, we uncover the effects of stale link state information and random fluctuations in traffic load on the routing and setup overheads. We then investigate how inaccuracy of link state information interacts with the size and connectivity of the underlying topology. Finally, we show that tuning the coarseness of the link-cost metric to the inaccuracy of underlying link state information reduces the computational complexity of the path-selection algorithm without significantly degrading performance. This work confirms and extends earlier studies, and offers new insights for designing efficient quality-of-service routing policies in large networks.
Conformal, Macroscopic Crystalline Nanoparticle Sheets Assembled with DNA* (2020)

Nanoparticle assembly is important for the study and manipulation of plasmonic [1–3], electronic [4–6], and magnetic [7, 8] interactions at the nanoscale because control over the relative placement of nanoparticles allows for the fine-tuning of such fundamental 1242interactions [9]. The desire to integrate these precisely designed materials into higher order constructs across various length scales has led to the investigation of transferrable freestanding nanoparticle superlattice materials where nanoparticle superlattices can be easily combined with other materials or devices to create functional entities [10–13]. Herein, we report a novel method for synthesizing macroscopic crystalline DNA nanoparticle superlattice sheets transferrable to flat, curved, or dimpled substrates without sacrificing control over volume fraction, lattice parameter, or film thickness afforded by the DNA-programmable technique. Large area optical uniformity and preservation of nanoparticle superlattice ordering are confirmed by optical spectroscopy and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), respectively. As such, these deliberately designed large-area conformal materials are attractive for next generation sensing [14, 15], plasmonic [16–20], and optoelectronic studies and devices [21–24].
EMF Studies of Lithium‐Rich Lithium‐Aluminum Alloys for High‐Energy Secondary Batteries (1977)

Emf measurements were made across the lithium‐rich half of the lithium‐aluminum system at temperatures from 390° to 550°C using a cell of the type. The lithium activity increases from 0.007 to approximately 0.7 over the composition range of 48–56 atomic percent (a/o) lithium (the β‐phase region). A compound, , rather than , as reported in standard compilations, exists at temperatures up to the peritectic decomposition at 520°C and forms a two‐phase region of high lithium activity (>0.85) with the lithium‐rich liquid phase. This compound has an estimated free energy of formation of −58 kJ/mole at 700°K. The emf data indicate that the lithium‐rich liquidus is about 2 a/o richer in lithium than the composition shown in standard compilations of binary phase diagrams.
A Stackable LTE Chip for Cost-effective 3D Systems (2012)

To address the problem of prohibitive cost of advanced fabrication technologies, one solution consists in reusing masks to address a wide range of ICs. This could be achieved by a modular circuit that can be stacked to build TSV-based 3D systems with processing performance adapted to several applications. This paper focuses on 4G wireless telecom applications. We propose a basic circuit that meets the SISO (Single Input Single Output) transmission mode. By stacking multiple instances of this same circuit, it will be possible to address several MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) modes. The proposed circuit is composed of several processing units interconnected by a 3D NoC and controlled by a host processor. Compared to a 2D reference platform, the proposed circuit keeps at least the same performance and power consumption in the context of 4G telecom applications, while reducing total cost. More generally, our cost analysis shows that 3D integration efficiency depends on the size of the circuit and the stacking option (die-to-die, die-to-wafer and interposer-based stacking).
Composition of Physical Unclonable Functions: From Device to Architecture (2017)

This chapter provides an overview of the critical factors of physical unclonable functions (PUF) composition and how these features vary from devices to architectures. It highlights some of the state-of-the-art nanoelectronic logic and memory devices and their promising properties that can facilitate the design of unique and robust PUFs. The chapter also highlights the composition of PUFs in emerging nanoelectronic memory domains and analyze how different devices and designs offer lucrative security opportunities. It is crucial that a PUF maintains its qualities, such as uniqueness, randomness, and robustness/reliability, as close as possible to the ideal ones throughout its lifetime. Strong PUFs are capable of producing an exponential number of challenge–response pairs, making it extremely suitable for authentication and identification-oriented protocols. The process variation and programming sensitivity of phase change memory (PCM) can be exploited to implement PCM-based PUF. Researchers have proposed several techniques to strengthen the modeling attack resiliency of the traditional arbiter PUF by introducing nonlinearity into the architecture.
Determination of flow-regime boundaries for cohesive particles (1992)

The overall objective of this program is the development of a hydrodynamic model to predict the choking/non-choking flow regime boundary of fine, cohesive (i.e., Geldart Group C) powders. Specific objectives are to: (1) Develop a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model that can be applied to cohesive solids. (2) Generate large-scale solids-flows data that will be used to verify the model.
A NEW SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO POLY(SELENO-1,4-PHENYLENE) FROM SELENOANISOLE (2001)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords: Aryl selenoxidePolycondensationPolyelectrolyteAryl selenidePoly(arylene selenide) ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 11650878) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan. E. T. is a CREST Investigator for the Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST).
Multi-Label Segmentation via Residual-Driven Adaptive Regularization (2017)

We present a variational multi-label segmentation algorithm based on a robust Huber loss for both the data and the regularizer, minimized within a convex optimization framework. We introduce a novel constraint on the common areas, to bias the solution towards mutually exclusive regions. We also propose a regularization scheme that is adapted to the spatial statistics of the residual at each iteration, resulting in a varying degree of regularization being applied as the algorithm proceeds: the effect of the regularizer is strongest at initialization, and wanes as the solution increasingly fits the data. This minimizes the bias induced by the regularizer at convergence. We design an efficient convex optimization algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers using the equivalent relation between the Huber function and the proximal operator of the one-norm. We empirically validate our proposed algorithm on synthetic and real images and offer an information-theoretic derivation of the cost-function that highlights the modeling choices made.
Usability Assessments for Augmented Reality Motor Rehabilitation Solutions: A Systematic Review (2018)

This article aims to understand which methods and user assessment approaches are most commonly used in motor rehabilitation studies that use Augmented Reality (AR) applications. The way in which this was performed and discussed was through a systematic review of the area. Firstly, the different uses of AR in these treatments, and the importance of improving usability studies to evaluate these interfaces and their interactions with their users, were discussed. Then, the systematic review of the literature was structured according to previous studies and covered the period from 2007 to September 2017, using the main scientific journals of the area. Of the 666 results collected in the initial search, 32 articles were selected within the planned requirements and scope. These publications were classified by relevance, using the QualSyst evaluation tool for health technology research, and the type of evaluation, approach, and methods used were catalogued. It was found that most of the studies prioritise methods of data collection, such as task execution and performance analysis. However, through QualSyst, it was verified that the best-evaluated studies chose to use a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis, through the application of methods such as user preference questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The results presented in this review may benefit designers who intend to design and conduct usability assessments for AR within this context.
Value of continuous glucose monitoring for minimizing severe hypoglycemia during tight glycemic control (2011)

The real-time continuous glucose monitor in combination with proportional integral derivative control can reduce hypoglycemia during tight glycemic control. The real-time continuous glucose monitor can also reduce hypoglycemia during standard care. However, false alarms increase the overall nursing workload.
InAsP Quantum Dot-Embedded InP Nanowires toward Silicon Photonic Applications (2022)

Quantum dot (QD) emitters on silicon platforms have been considered as a fascinating approach to building next-generation quantum light sources toward unbreakable secure communications. However, it has been challenging to integrate position-controlled QDs operating at the telecom band, which is a crucial requirement for practical applications. Here, we report monolithically integrated InAsP QDs embedded in InP nanowires on silicon. The positions of QD nanowires are predetermined by the lithography of gold catalysts, and the 3D geometry of nanowire heterostructures is precisely controlled. The InAsP QD forms atomically sharp interfaces with surrounding InP nanowires, which is in situ passivated by InP shells. The linewidths of the excitonic (X) and biexcitonic (XX) emissions from the QD and their power-dependent peak intensities reveal that the proposed QD-in-nanowire structure could be utilized as a non-classical light source that operates at silicon-transparent wavelengths, showing a great potential for diverse quantum optical and silicon photonic applications.
Code transformation strategies for extensible embedded processors (2006)

Embedded application requirements, including high performance, low power consumption and fast time to market, are uncommon in the broader domain of general purpose applications. In order to satisfy these demands, chip manufacturers often provide developers with the possibility to define application-specific Instruction Set Extensions (ISEs). Many techniques have been proposed that automatically identify the most beneficial ISEs from source code, so that compilers can identify the 'best' instruction set for the underlying machine. However, can we simply retrofit these techniques into a traditional compiler, or does ISE identification demand different tuning of the heuristics utilized throughout the optimization pipeline? In this paper, we show why compilers should sometimes make different decisions when targeting customized processors, and we show how traditional ISE identification techniques can improve significantly if the code is properly transformed in order to expose more beneficial extensions. The proposed approach was validated using the SimpleScalar simulator for the ARM processor, augmented with the possibility to define additional instructions.Using benchmarks taken from the MiBench suite,we show that the proposed transformations improve state of the art ISE identi cation techniques by 55% on average and 4x maximum.
The Influence of the Material Model on the Stress-Based Forming Limit Criterion (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The stress-based forming limit criterion has recently been shown to exhibit no significant dependence on strain path for a wide range of materials. This paper describes the effect of material models on the definition of the stress-based forming limit criterion. It is shown that although the shape of the forming limit curve in stress space is sensitive to the type of material model used, the degeneracy of the path dependent strain-based curves to a single curve in stress space shows little sensitivity to the material model. Consequently, the stress based forming limit criterion is shown to provide a more practical and robust measure of forming severity than is possible using the conventional forming limit diagram.&lt;/div&gt;
A perspective on object-oriented technology (2002)

The authors review the history, examine the foundation, study the evolution, and speculate on the future of object-oriented systems. Projected future developments relating to rules, the prototype/delegation approach, additional semantics, active objects, and distribution are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of Organic Conductive Materials as an Ecological Solution for RF Applications (2022)

The use of nonmetallic conductor materials in RF applications has recently become a highlighted issue when it comes to sustainability in the electronics industry, mainly because of the waste problems associated with heavy metals and the necessity of reducing and managing them. The replacement of metal in functional applications such as in electronics is therefore very important. Among these new materials, organic conductors are of great interest since they are, in general, biocompatible and biodegradable, allowing for the disposal of electronic devices, which reduces the negative environment impact caused by electronics waste. In this work, PEDOT:PSS and Carbon are investigated. Since these materials are available as conducting pastes or inks, the production of conducting patterns by printing techniques such as screen printing is possible, which can make the process less harmful to the environment, since it permits the use of organic substrates such as paper. In order to investigate the feasibility of these materials for RF signal transmission, screen printed PEDOT:PSS and Carbon transmission lines have been designed, fabricated and characterized. Results regarding conductivity, thickness, electric permittivity and S21 parameter are presented and will serve as a foundation for the development of further reaching applications utilizing organic materials.
Data-Driven Electrode Parameter Identification for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Through Experimental and Numerical Methods (2020)

The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a promising energy storage technology for stationary applications (e.g., renewables integration) that offers a pathway to cost-effectiveness through independent scaling of power and energy as well as longevity. Many current research efforts are focused on improving battery performance through electrode modifications, but high-throughput, laboratory-scale testing can be time- and material-intensive. Advances in multiphysics-based numerical modeling and data-driven parameter identification afford a computational platform to expand the design space by rapidly screening a diverse array of electrode configurations. Herein, a 3D VRFB model is first developed and validated against experimental results. Subsequently, a new 2D model is composed, yielding a computationally-light simulation framework, which is used to span bounded values of the electrode thickness, porosity, volumetric area, fiber diameter, and kinetic rate constant across six cell polarization voltages. This generates a dataset of 7350 electrode property combinations for each cell voltage, which is used to evaluate the effect of these structural properties on the pressure drop and current density. These structure-performance relationships are further quantified using Kendall $\tau$ rank correlation coefficients to highlight the dependence of cell performance on bulk electrode morphology and to identify improved property sets. This statistical framework may serve as a general guideline for parameter identification for more advanced electrode designs and redox flow battery (RFB) stacks.
Heantos-4, a natural plant extract used in the treatment of drug addiction, modulates T-type calcium channels and thalamocortical burst-firing (2016)

Heantos-4 is a refined combination of plant extracts currently approved to treat opiate addiction in Vietnam. In addition to its beneficial effects on withdrawal and prevention of relapse, reports of sedation during clinical treatment suggest that arousal networks in the brain may be recruited during Heantos administration. T-type calcium channels are implicated in the generation of sleep rhythms and in this study we examined whether a Heantos-4 extraction modulates T-type calcium channel currents generated by the Cav3.1, Cav3.2 and Ca3.3 subtypes. Utilizing whole-cell voltage clamp on exogenously expressed T-type calcium channels we find that Heantos inhibits Cav3.1 and Cav3.3 currents, while selectively potentiating Cav3.2 currents. We further examined the effects of Heantos-4 extract on low-threshold burst-firing in thalamic neurons which contribute to sleep oscillations. Using whole-cell current clamp in acute thalamic brain slices Heantos-4 suppressed rebound burst-firing in ventrobasal thalamocortical neurons, which express primarily Cav3.1 channels. Conversely, Heantos-4 had no significant effect on the burst-firing properties of thalamic reticular neurons, which express a mixed population of Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 channels. Examining Heantos-4 effects following oral administration in a model of absence epilepsy revealed the potential to exacerbate seizure activity. Together, the findings indicate that Heantos-4 has selective effects both on specific T-type calcium channel isoforms and distinct populations of thalamic neurons providing a putative mechanism underlying its effects on sedation and on the thalamocortical network.