gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-line handwritten character recognition using parallel neural networks (2002)

Our goal is to perform handwritten character recognition using a bank of multilayer feedforward neural networks. This paper presents both the front-end and the back-end of such a recognition system. The front-end relies on a data pre-classification scheme based on the concept of segment. A segment can be viewed as a representative building block of handwriting. The back-end hinges on a connectionist approach. Instead of a single large network, a bank of parallel networks is developed to overcome commonly encountered difficulties such as slow training process and requirement for a large amount of training data. The recognition system has been evaluated, on tasks involving (i) discrimination between similarly shaped characters and (ii) recognition of discretely written upper-case characters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for the treatment of hepatitis C recurrence following combined liver and kidney transplantation. (2007)

In a small group of patients with combined kidney and liver transplantation, peginterferon-alfa2b is safe and effective to achieve SVR in HCV recurrence. Larger scale studies are warranted to further validate our results.
Tissue-specific processing of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptides in the rat (1999)

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a recently discovered hypothalamic peptide regulated by leptin and with a potent appetite-suppressing activity. In the rat, the CART gene encodes a peptide of 116 amino acid residues (or a splice variant 13 residues longer). The predicted signal sequence is 27 amino acid residues, resulting in a prohormone of 89 residues. The CART prohormone contains several potential posttranslational processing sites in the form of mono- and dibasic sequences. In the present study we have purified CART peptides from extracts of adrenal gland, hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, and pituitary gland (anterior and neurointermediate lobe) of the rat and determined the peptide structures by using microsequencing and mass spectrometry. In none of the tissues examined the long splice variant was found. From the adrenal gland, the CART(1-89) and CART(10-89) peptides were isolated, in contrast to the hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens, from which the shorter form peptides CART(42-89) and CART(49-89) were purified. From the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, CART(42-89) was isolated, in contrast to the neurointermediate lobe, which contains only CART(49-89). This tissue-specific processing indicates that CART peptides may have different biological functions in the periphery and in the central nervous system.
&#x03BC;-Heater integrated dual-mode multisection laser for tunable continuous-wave terahertz generation (2009)

We report on a novel micro-heater integrated dual mode multisection laser as a optical beat source for tunable continuous-wave THz generation. The beat frequency from this dual-mode multisection laser is continuously tuned from 0.10 to 0.57 THz.
Performance Evaluations of MBMS Signals Using Transmit/Receiver Diversity with SFN in OFDM Based Evolved UTRA Downlink (2009)

This paper investigates the best cell-common reference signal (RS) structure and transmit diversity scheme for Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) signals considering frequency diversity in a single-frequency network (SFN) in the OFDM based Evolved UTRA downlink. Link-level simulation results show that cyclic delay diversity (CDD) is the most promising transmit diversity scheme for the MBMS signals considering the RS overhead. It is also elucidated that the required average received signal energy per symbol-to-noise power spectrum density ratio (Es/N0) using CDD is reduced by approximately 0.5dB even though the MBMS signal obtains a sufficient frequency diversity gain in SFN operation. Furthermore, we clarify the achievable data rate for the MBMS signal at the cell edge of the centered MBMS cell that satisfies the required block error rate (BLER) using two-antenna transmit CDD and diversity reception by system-level simulation. Then, the simulation results show that the offered data rates with the required BLER of less than 10-2 at 95% coverage are 0.211 (0.17), 0.243 (0.196), 1.168 (1.084), and 2.754 (2.754)bps/Hz with the number of cells providing MBMS, NMBMS = 1, 3, 21, and 57, respectively, employing transmit CDD with two antennas (single-antenna transmission) for ISD = 500m.
Predicting human interruptibility with sensors (2003)

A person seeking someone else's attention is normally able to quickly assess how interruptible they are. This assessment allows for behavior we perceive as natural, socially appropriate, or simply polite. On the other hand, today's computer systems are almost entirely oblivious to the human world they operate in, and typically have no way to take into account the interruptibility of the user. This paper presents a Wizard of Oz study exploring whether, and how, robust sensor-based predictions of interruptibility might be constructed, which sensors might be most useful to such predictions, and how simple such sensors might be.The study simulates a range of possible sensors through human coding of audio and video recordings. Experience sampling is used to simultaneously collect randomly distributed self-reports of interruptibility. Based on these simulated sensors, we construct statistical models predicting human interruptibility and compare their predictions with the collected self-report data. The results of these models, although covering a demographically limited sample, are very promising, with the overall accuracy of several models reaching about 78%. Additionally, a model tuned to avoiding unwanted interruptions does so for 90% of its predictions, while retaining 75% overall accuracy.
BENIGN PREMATURE ADRENARCHE: CLINICAL FEATURES AND SERUM STEROID LEVELS (1983)

18 girls with premature adrenarche were evaluated both clinically and by serum steroid measurements. Age at first appearance of the symptoms ranged from 3.0 to 7.8 years. Clinical findings included pubic or axillary hair, acne, accelerated growth, adult-type perspiration and oily skin or hair. Bone age was 0.3-3.2 years ahead of chronological age. 15 of these 18 girls had accelerated growth and most of these already before the appearance of pubic hair. Five girls had severe acne requiring topical treatment. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone was elevated for age in all patients. Androstenedione and testosterone correlated positively with the dehydroepiandrosterone values. Dihydrotestosterone was also elevated in many girls. Administration of dexamethasone brought about a rapid normalization of the elevated steroid levels.
Supplementary Table S1 from Therapy of Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) with a Topoisomerase-I–inhibiting Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) Targeting Trop-2, Sacituzumab Govitecan (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Evaluation of IHC staining vs best overall response in SCLC treated with 8 or 10 mg/kg starting dose of sacituzumab govitecan&lt;/p&gt;
A Simple Synthetic Route to [Rh(acac)(CO)(NHC)] Complexes: Ligand Property Diagnostic Tools and Precatalysts (2021)

Abstract An operationally simple, user and eco‐friendly synthetic protocol for the synthesis of [Rh(acac)(CO)(NHC)] complexes is described. Insights into the mechanism are provided using operando spectroscopy. The spectroscopic fingerprints of these complexes are correlated to NHCs reported electron‐donating descriptor values, highlighting a new strategy to evaluate carbenes’ electronic properties. An assessment of these complexes in catalytic applications is also reported, showing promising results in the catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic ketones.
State of the art review: coronary artery disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: mechanisms, prevalence, and outcomes (2021)

Extraintestinal disease manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as arthritis and uveitis, have been well described in the medical literature. However, there has been growing evidence suggesting an association between IBD and both coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarctions (AMI). In this critical review, the pathogenesis of proatherogenic inflammatory markers (CD40-CD40L, IL-6, and TNF-α) are summarised along with clinical evidence that supports the association of these makers with CAD. Moreover, clinical data are examined that suggest an increased risk of AMI and CAD in IBD patients along with recent analyses of in-hospital and post-MI outcomes of AMI in IBD patients. This comprehensive review summarises and expands upon our understanding of the growing association between both CAD and AMI in IBD patients that potentially identifies IBD as a risk factor for developing CAD.
Flint (2014)

Writing concurrent software while achieving both correctness and efficiency is a grand challenge. To facilitate this task, concurrent data structures have been introduced into the standard library of popular languages like Java and C#. Unfortunately, while the operations exposed by concurrent data structures are atomic (or linearizable), compositions of these operations are not necessarily atomic. Recent studies have found many erroneous implementations of composed concurrent operations. We address the problem of fixing nonlinearizable composed operations such that they behave atomically. We introduce Flint, an automated fixing algorithm for composed Map operations. Flint accepts as input a composed operation suffering from atomicity violations. Its output, if fixing succeeds, is a composed operation that behaves equivalently to the original operation in sequential runs and is guaranteed to be atomic. To our knowledge, Flint is the first general algorithm for fixing incorrect concurrent compositions. We have evaluated Flint on 48 incorrect compositions from 27 popular applications, including Tomcat and MyFaces. The results are highly encouraging: Flint is able to correct 96% of the methods, and the fixed version is often the same as the fix by an expert programmer and as efficient as the original code.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Preclinical Activity of SAR408701: A Novel Anti-CEACAM5–maytansinoid Antibody–drug Conjugate for the Treatment of CEACAM5-positive Epithelial Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S5&lt;/p&gt;
Vacuum ultraviolet field emission lamp utilizing KMgF3 thin film phosphor (2014)

We demonstrated a field emission lamp by employing a KMgF3 thin film as a solid-state vacuum ultraviolet phosphor. The output power of the lamp was 2 μW at an extraction voltage of 800 V and acceleration voltage of 1800 V, and it operated at wavelengths 140–220 nm, which is the shortest wavelength reported for solid-state phosphor lamps. The thin film was grown on MgF2 substrate by pulsed laser deposition. Its conversion efficiency was almost equivalent to a single KMgF3 crystal, and it had emission peaks of 155 and 180 nm in wavelength. These peaks are attributed to transitions from the valence anion band to the outermost core cation band and correspond well with emission peaks previously reported from the crystal. Additionally, we obtained a thermal-free and low-power consumption lamp by employing carbon nanofibres (CNFs) as a field emitter. A CNF emitter was easily grown at room temperature and can be grown on flexible materials.
1P1-F04 A Study of Insect Flight Using Motor-driven Ornithopter (2008)

We have developed a battery-powered ornithopter to investigate the kinematic variation as the stroke amplitude changed. The ornithopter was designed to have 110 mm wing semi-span so that Reynolds number was the same order as that of insects (Re 〜 10^4). Free flights of the ornithopter in various stroke amplitudes were recorded with a high-speed camera at 1000 fps, and their motions were analyzed. We clarified that the body angle increased from 14 degree to 100 degree as stroke amplitude increased from 48 degree to 78 degree. We were also able to measure angular velocity and acceleration of the ornithopter with 300 [Hz] for 0.4 [s] during free flight using gyro sensor and acceleration sensor. The circuits weigh 0.71 [g] and 0.83 [g], which were light enough to attach on the ornithopter. On each circuit, sensor output was once stored in EEPROM, and retrieved later. We demonstrated our ornithopter with sensors was useful in measuring kinematic parameters in free flight.
High voltage monolithic MOS driver arrays (1971)

This paper describes a unique self-scanned monolithic array of high voltage MOS transistors which control the piezoelectric stimulators in the Optacon tactile display developed at Stanford. This monolithic circuit performs both information processing (addressing and storage) and driving of 12 piezoelectric transducers. It contains a 12-bit dynamic shift register, a dynamic capacitor memory and 12 high voltage MOS driver transistors. The circuit has several unique requirements: 1. Low power operation (≈ 2mW). 2. Very low pn junction leakage (<10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). 3. Dynamic information storage using 12 large (10pF) MOS capacitors. 4. High voltage operation (up to 60V) of the transducer driver transistors. 5. Minimum parasitic lateral pnp transistor action since substantial charge is periodically injected into the substrate by the driver transistors; this charge can interfere with shift register and memory operation. 6. Process compatibility with the low threshold voltage (-2.3V) P-channel self-scanned MOS image sensor of the Optacon. A technological procedure was developed to meet these requirements. Device properties were determined and charge injection and transport were measured. The circuit was fabricated in significant quantities (∼600 units) in the Stanford Integrated Circuits Laboratory with excellent yield ( > 50%). This high voltage transducer drive circuit represents a unique example of the interaction between system requirements and monolithic device technology in achieving optimum system design.
Structural chemistry of superconducting pnictides and pnictide oxides with layered structures (2011)

The basic structural chemistry of superconducting pnictides and pnictide oxides is reviewed. Crystal chemical details of selected compounds and group subgroup schemes are discussed with respect to phase transitions upon charge-density formation, the ordering of vacancies, or the ordered displacements of oxygen atoms. Furthermore, the influences of doping and solid solutions on the valence electron concentration are discussed in order to highlight the structural and electronic flexibility of these materials.
Absence of founder effect and evidence for adaptive divergence in a recently introduced insular population of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (2019)

Islands are generally colonized by few individuals which could lead to a founder effect causing loss of genetic diversity and rapid divergence by strong genetic drift. Insular conditions can also induce new selective pressures on populations. Here, we investigated the extent of genetic differentiation within a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population introduced on an island and its differentiation with its source mainland population. In response to their novel environmental conditions, introduced deer changed phenotypically from mainland individuals, therefore we investigated the genetic bases of the morphological differentiation. The study was conducted on Anticosti Island (Québec, Canada) where 220 individuals were introduced 120 years ago, resulting in a population size over 160,000 individuals. We used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to generate 8,518 filtered high-quality SNPs and compared patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation between the continental and Anticosti Island populations. Clustering analyses indicated a single panmictic island population and no sign of isolation by distance. Our results revealed a weak, albeit highly significant, genetic differentiation between the Anticosti Island population and its source population (mean F<sub>ST</sub> = 0.005), which allowed a population assignment success of 93%. Also, the high genetic diversity maintained in the introduced population supports the absence of a strong founder effect due to the large number of founders followed by rapid population growth. We further used a polygenic approach to assess the genetic bases of the divergent phenotypical traits between insular and continental populations. We found loci related to muscular function and lipid metabolism, which suggested that these could be involved in local adaptation on Anticosti Island. We discuss these results in a harvest management context.
Effect of hemodiafiltration on measured physical activity: primary results of the HDFIT randomized controlled trial (2020)

HDF did not have a statistically significant treatment effect on PA 24 h following dialysis, albeit effect sizes may be clinically meaningful and deserve further investigation.
Data from: Therapeutic frequency profile of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation is shaped by antidromic spike failure (2021)

The therapeutic mechanisms of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) appear to depend on antidromic activation of cortex via the hyperdirect pathway. However, hyperdirect pathway neurons are unable to follow high stimulation frequencies reliably, and the rate of spike failure appears to correlate with symptom relief as a function of stimulation frequency. We conducted in vivo measurements of evoked cortical activity and developed a computational model of cortical activation from STN DBS with stochastic antidromic spike failure to determine how spike failure affects the desynchronization of pathophysiological oscillatory activity in cortex. High frequency STN DBS desynchronized pathological oscillations via the masking of intrinsic spiking, analogous to the informational lesion theory. Antidromic spike failure shaped the parabolic relationship between stimulation frequency and desynchronization, with maximum desynchronization at ~130 Hz. These findings reveal that antidromic spike failure plays a critical role in mediating the dependency of symptom relief on stimulation frequency.
Inflation-Fixed Lungs (1990)

Pulmonary infections and lung rejection are the two major complications of lung transplantation. Although the therapies for these two processes differ greatly, they often cannot be differentiated using standard radiography. We applied high resolution CT (HRCT) to seven lung specimens that were obtained from patients who had received a heart-lung transplant. The lungs were fixed by a method that allows for direct one-to-one pathologic-radiologic correlation. We found: (a) that in contrast to the extensive changes present microscopically, acute lung allograft rejection was characterized by only minor changes on HRCT; (b) that bronchiolitis obliterans, the hallmark of chronic lung allograft rejection, was not reliably identifiable on HRCT; (c) that bronchiectasis with associated peribronchial inflammation and fibrosis, a common finding in lung allograft rejection, was identifiable on HRCT, but that the HRCT appearance of this lesion was not specific for rejection; and (d) that pulmonary infections were often identifiable as a mixed airway-interstitial process on HRCT.
Efficient Mobile Fronthaul via DSP-Based Channel Aggregation (2015)

Mobile fronthaul is an important network segment that bridges wireless baseband units and remote radio units to support cloud radio access network. We review recent progresses on the use of frequency-division multiplexing to achieve highly bandwidth-efficient mobile fronthaul with low latency. We present digital signal processing (DSP) techniques for channel aggregation and deaggregation, frequency-domain windowing, adjacent channel leak age ratio reduction, and synchronous transmission of both the I/Q waveforms of wireless signals and the control words (CWs) used for control and management purposes. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we demonstrate the transmission of 48 20-MHz LTE signals with a common public radio interface (CPRI) equivalent data rate of 59 Gb/s, achieving a low round-trip DSP latency of <2 μs and a low mean error-vector magnitude (EVM) of ∼2.5% after fiber transmission. In a follow-up experiment, we further demonstrate the transmission of 32 20-MHz LTE signals together with CPRI-compliant CWs, corresponding to a CPRI-equivalent data rate of 39.32 Gb/s, in single optical wavelength channel that requires an RF bandwidth of only ∼1.6 GHz. After transmission over 5-km standard single-mode fiber, the CWs are recovered without error, while the LTE signals are recovered with an EVM of lower than 3%. Applying this technique to future 5G wireless networks with massive multiple-input multiple-output is also discussed. This efficient mobile fronthaul technique may find promising applications in future integrated fiber/wireless access networks to provide ultrabroadband access services.
Engineering Polymer Hydrogel Nanoparticles for Lymph Node‐Targeted Delivery (2015)

Abstract The induction of antigen‐specific adaptive immunity exclusively occurs in lymphoid organs. As a consequence, the efficacy by which vaccines reach these tissues strongly affects the efficacy of the vaccine. Here, we report the design of polymer hydrogel nanoparticles that efficiently target multiple immune cell subsets in the draining lymph nodes. Nanoparticles are fabricated by infiltrating mesoporous silica particles (ca. 200 nm) with poly(methacrylic acid) followed by disulfide‐based crosslinking and template removal. PEGylation of these nanoparticles does not affect their cellular association in vitro, but dramatically improves their lymphatic drainage in vivo. The functional relevance of these observations is further illustrated by the increased priming of antigen‐specific T cells. Our findings highlight the potential of engineered hydrogel nanoparticles for the lymphatic delivery of antigens and immune‐modulating compounds.
A prospective, multicenter DAHANCA study of hyperfractionated, accelerated radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2019)

<b>Background:</b> The study aimed to evaluate Hyperfractionated, Accelerated Radiotherapy (HART) with nimorazole for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using loco-regional failure (LRF), overall survival (OS), early and late morbidity as endpoints. <b>Material and methods:</b> From February 2007 to January 2018, 295 patients with unresected HNSCC, T1-T4, N0-N3, M0, were treated with HART prescribed as 76 Gy in 56 fractions (fx), 10 fx weekly. IMRT was used in >90% of patients. No chemotherapy was given. Patients were prospectively registered in the DAHANCA database. <b>Results:</b> The median age was 64 years, 75% of patients were males. Primary sites were larynx (25%), pharynx (64%) and oral cavity (11%). In total, 59% were stage III-IV (UICC 2002). Of the 150 oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) patients, 42% were p16+. The proportion of patients receiving HART as planned was 97%. The median follow-up time was 66 months. Three-year actuarial LRF was 19% and OS was 66%. LRF was significantly higher for stage III-IV patients compared to stage I-II (25% vs. 11%, HR 2.12 [1.21-3.74]). The site-specific LRF rates were: for larynx 22% [12-32], hypopharynx 30% [16-45], non-p16+ oropharynx 15% [8-23], p16+ oropharynx 7% [1-13] and oral cavity 35% [18-53]. During therapy, 51% reported severe dysphagia and 60% required feeding tubes. The peak incidence of late, severe dysphagia and xerostomia was 21% and 9%, respectively. A comparison to historical data from previous DAHANCA trials showed that tumor control and morbidity are comparable to treatment with acceleration and/or chemo-radiation. <b>Conclusions:</b> HART represents an attractive approach for patients with HNSCC where treatment intensification is indicated.