gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
O2 Activation and Aromatic Hydroxylation Performed by Diiron Complexes (1998)

Chemical models of active sites of diiron oxo proteins have been synthesized. The polydendate ligands are EDTA derivatives which provide a balanced supply of nitrogen atoms and carboxylate groups together with an oxidizable phenyl moiety, thus mimicking both the iron coordination in methane monooxygenase and a nearby substrate site. All the diferric complexes have been characterized in solution by ESI-MS, optical absorption, and in some cases by 1H NMR. In the case of the ligand L1 [L1 = (N,N'-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)ethylenediamine N,N'-diacetic acid)], the X-ray structure of the corresponding iron complex has been determined, revealing an original tetranuclear unit, Fe4O2(L1)4·10H2O, issued from the dimerization of two [Fe2O(L1)2] units linked by carboxylate bridges. In a solution containing water or acetate, the tetranuclear complex decomposed into dinuclear complexes, which proved to be able to react with hydrogen peroxide or dioxygen in the presence of ascorbate. The final product was a mononuclear complex identified as [Fe(III)L'1(H2O)] with L'1 resulting from the quantitative hydroxylation of L1. The complex and the oxidized ligand were characterized by EPR, NMR, and UV−vis spectroscopies and by mass spectrometry. Labeling experiments showed that with both H2O2 or O2 and ascorbate, the incorporated oxygen came from the oxidant exclusively. This reaction mimicks the transformation of a tyrosine residue, brought into proximity of the active center of Ribonucleotide reductase of Escherichia coli by site-directed mutagenesis, into 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine.
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Employing a Single Film of Mesoporous TiO2 Beads Achieve Power Conversion Efficiencies Over 10% (2010)

Dye-sensitized solar cells employing mesoporous TiO(2) beads have demonstrated longer electron diffusion lengths and extended electron lifetimes over Degussa P25 titania electrodes due to the well interconnected, densely packed nanocrystalline TiO(2) particles inside the beads. Careful selection of the dye to match the dye photon absorption characteristics with the light scattering properties of the beads have improved the light harvesting and conversion efficiency of the bead electrode in the dye-sensitized solar cell. This has resulted in a solar to electric power conversion efficiency (PCE) of greater than 10% (10.6% for Ru(II)-based dye C101 and 10.7% using C106) for the first time using a single screen-printed titania layer cell construction (that is, without an additional scattering layer).
Cholesterol removal by haemoperfusion of whole blood in vivo. (1987)

Familial hypercholesterolaemia is caused by genetic defects in the cellular metabolism of cholesterol (C) and is characterized by high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and premature atherosclerosis. The C is carried in the plasma mainly as an LDL-C complex, and removal of the latter from plasma is highly desirable. This task can be achieved by selective haemoperfusion (HP), thereby eliminating the need for plasmapheresis. Agarose beads (2 per cent agarose, 0.85 to 1.4 mm in diameter) were prepared, and crosslinked with epichlorohydrin. Heparin and/or ethanolamine were subsequently attached. The beads thus obtained were found to be suitable for the removal of LDL-C from the whole blood of hypercholesterolaemic rabbits, using a simple HP technique. A single two-hour HP treatment with a 40 ml column packed with active agarose beads resulted in a 30 per cent decrease in the C plasma level in the experimental animals. Our previous, in vitro, studies with the plasma of hypercholesterolaemic patients showed a high selectivity of the beads for LDL. Yet when used with hypercholesterolaemic rabbits, a relatively high amount of HDL was also removed from the blood. This can be attributed to a significant difference between the structure of human hypercholesterolaemic lipoproteins and that of rabbits. Upon treatment of blood using the active agarose beads, no abnormalities in plasma and blood composition were detected, except for some prolongation of PT. It is to be hoped that this new system will replace the presently used and highly expensive plasmapheresis.
Learning Hierarchical Plans by Reading Simple English Narratives (2009)

We describe an approach for learning a rich plan representation from a parallel corpus of commonsense narratives. Each narrative is an ordered natural language description of the steps required to accomplish common domestic tasks, including “get the mail” and “make a bed”, and there are tens to hundreds of differently written narratives for each task. With the goal of learning a single rich plan structure, we 1) convert each narrative from English statements into a sequence of logical predicates, 2) find a global alignment for the sequences, and 3) use the sequences to construct a single underlying plan representation that can be used in language understanding problems. Doing this requires being able to distinguish different ways to accomplish the same goal from missing information, and recognize and compactly represent recurring plan sub-sequences. We describe a simple algorithm that recursively finds graph cycles by applying rules to merge nodes to learn a sequential, parameterized composition (part-of) and abstraction (is-a) plan hierarchy. We hope that these plan representations will help us learn procedural knowledge from increasingly more sophisticated text, where the sub-goals for various actions are not stated.
Improved surface properties of cast AlSi10 alloy by Nd : YAG-laser surface treatment (1998)

The present study investigates the possibilities to improve the wear resistance of aluminium alloys by using a high power Nd:YAG-laser. Laser surface melting, laser surface alloying and laser i ...
Inframe insertion and splice site variants in MFGE8 associate with protection against coronary atherosclerosis (2022)

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of premature death and disability worldwide, with both genetic and environmental determinants. While genome-wide association studies have identified multiple genetic loci associated with cardiovascular diseases, exact genes driving these associations remain mostly uncovered. Due to Finland's population history, many deleterious and high-impact variants are enriched in the Finnish population giving a possibility to find genetic associations for protein-truncating variants that likely tie the association to a gene and that would not be detected elsewhere. In a large Finnish biobank study FinnGen, we identified an association between an inframe insertion rs534125149 in MFGE8 (encoding lactadherin) and protection against coronary atherosclerosis. This variant is highly enriched in Finland, and the protective association was replicated in meta-analysis of BioBank Japan and Estonian biobank. Additionally, we identified a protective association between splice acceptor variant rs201988637 in MFGE8 and coronary atherosclerosis, independent of the rs534125149, with no significant risk-increasing associations. This variant was also associated with lower pulse pressure, pointing towards a function of MFGE8 in arterial aging also in humans in addition to previous evidence in mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that inhibiting the production of lactadherin could lower the risk for coronary heart disease substantially.
Search for Coherent Charged Pion Production in Neutrino-Carbon Interactions (2005)

We report the result from a search for charged-current coherent pion production induced by muon neutrinos with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV. The data are collected with a fully active scintillator detector in the K2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. No evidence for coherent pion production is observed, and an upper limit of is set on the cross section ratio of coherent pion production to the total charged-current interaction at 90% confidence level. This is the first experimental limit for coherent charged pion production in the energy region of a few GeV.
Macrophage Galactose Lectin Contributes to the Regulation of FVIII (Factor VIII) Clearance in Mice—Brief Report (2023)

Cumulatively, these findings demonstrate that MGL plays an important role in regulating macrophage-mediated clearance of both VWF-bound FVIII and free-FVIII in vivo. We propose that this novel FVIII clearance pathway may be of particular clinical importance in patients with type 2N or type 3 Von Willebrand disease.
Multicast Email (MULE) over Allied Communications Publication (ACP) 142 (2018)

Allied Communications Publication (ACP) 142 defines P_MUL, which is a
protocol for reliable multicast suitable for bandwidth constrained and
delayed acknowledgement (Emissions Control or EMCON) environments
running over UDP. This document defines an application protocol called
MULE (Multicast Email) for transferring of Internet Mail messages (as
described in RFC 5322) over P_MUL (as defined in ACP 142A). MULE
enables Message Transfer Agent (MTA) to MTA transfer and doesn't
provide a service similar to SMTP Submission (as described in RFC
6409). This document explains how MULE can be used in conjunction
with Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP, RFC 5321), including some
common SMTP extensions, to provide an alternate MTA to MTA transfer
mechanism. This is not an IETF specification, but describes an
existing implementation. It is provided in order to facilitate
interoperable implementations and third-party diagnostics.
28nm CPI (Chip/Package Interactions) in Large Size eWLB (Embedded Wafer Level BGA) Fan-Out Wafer Level Packages (2017)

To meet the continued demand for form factor reduction and functional integration of electronic devices, Wafer Level Packaging (WLP) is an attractive packaging solution with many advantages in comparison with standard Ball Grid Array (BGA) packages. The advancement of fan-out WLP has made it a more promising solution as compared with fan-in WLP, because it can offer greater flexibility in enabling more IO's, multi-chips, heterogeneous integration and 3D SiP. In particular, Embedded Wafer Level BGA (eWLB) is a fan-out WLP solution which can enable applications that require higher input/output (I/O) density, smaller form factor, excellent heat dissipation, and thin package profile, and it has the potential to evolve in various configurations with proven integration flexibility, process robustness, manufacturing capacity and production yield. It also provides integration of multiple dies vertically and horizontally in a single package without substrates. For eWLB fan-out WLP, the structural design as well as selection of materials is very important in determining the process yield and long term reliability. Therefore it is necessary to investigate the key design factors affecting the reliability comprehensively. This work is focused on an experimental study on the chip-package interactions in 10x10~15x15mm 28nm eWLB fan-out WLP with multiple redistribution layers (RDLs). Standard JEDEC component and board level tests were carried out to investigate reliability, and both destructive and non-destructive analyses were performed to investigate potential structural defects. Electrical characterization was also studied for both simulation and experimental works. The influence of structural design on the package reliability will be demonstrated. Thermal characterization and thermo-mechanical simulation results will also be discussed.
Travel the World (2016)

Tourism industry has grown tremendously in the previous several decades. Despite its global impact, there still remain a number of open questions related to better understanding of tourists and their habits. In this work we analyze the largest data set of travel receipts considered thus far, and focus on exploring and modeling booking behavior of online customers. We extract useful, actionable insights into the booking behavior, and tackle the task of predicting the booking time. The presented results can be directly used to improve booking experience of customers and optimize targeting campaigns of travel operators.
All-optical signal processing for implementing network switching functions (2003)

In general, optical correlators can perform very fast signal processing. A header correlator is implemented as a hard-wired series of optical delay lines for which each header bit experiences a different optical delay. If a particular header bit has a corresponding "1" in the look-up table, then the delay will put that header bit inside an autocorrelation time window. If a header bit has a corresponding "0" in the look-up table, then the delay will put that header bit outside an autocorrelation time window. However, a key limitation is that the optical technology does not scale well, thereby making it practical for recognizing only a limited number of header bits. This may not be a significant drawback if only a few number of bits must be recognized in order to route packets to only a small number of ports.
Profillinie 3: Mikroelektronik und Mikrosystemtechnik: (2005)

Der Siegeszug der Mikroelektronik ist faszinierend. In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten bestimmte die Mikroelektronik das Geschehen in der Informationstechnik: Immer leistungsstärkere Computer, vernetzte Systeme und das Internet sind ohne Mikroelektronik nicht denkbar. Weltweit haben Mikroelektronik-Firmen ihre strategischen Ziele im Rahmen einer in regelmäßigen Abständen aktualisierten “Roadmap” niedergelegt. Alle gehen davon aus, dass die bisher zu beobachtende Steigerung der Leistungsfähigkeit mikroelektronischer Produkte auch in den nächsten Jahrzehnten fortgesetzt werden wird. Das bedeutet konkret, dass an vielen Stellen – auch in der heutigen Massenfertigung der Mikroelektronik – die charakteristischen Abmessungen der Einzelelemente im Nanometerbereich liegen, also eigentlich schon als Nanoelektronik bezeichnet werden können. Hinzu kommt ein weiteres, ebenso spannendes Feld: die Mikrosystemtechnik.
Expression of an Expansin Is Associated with Endosperm Weakening during Tomato Seed Germination (2000)

Expansins are extracellular proteins that facilitate cell wall extension, possibly by disrupting hydrogen bonding between hemicellulosic wall components and cellulose microfibrils. In addition, some expansins are expressed in non-growing tissues such as ripening fruits, where they may contribute to cell wall disassembly associated with tissue softening. We have identified at least three expansin genes that are expressed in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seeds during germination. Among these, LeEXP4 mRNA is specifically localized to the micropylar endosperm cap region, suggesting that the protein might contribute to tissue weakening that is required for radicle emergence. In gibberellin (GA)-deficient (gib-1) mutant seeds, which germinate only in the presence of exogenous GA, GA induces the expression of LeEXP4 within 12 hours of imbibition. When gib-1 seeds were imbibed in GA solution combined with 100 microM abscisic acid, the expression of LeEXP4 was not reduced, although radicle emergence was inhibited. In wild-type seeds, LeEXP4 mRNA accumulation was blocked by far-red light and decreased by low water potential but was not affected by abscisic acid. The presence of LeEXP4 mRNA during seed germination parallels endosperm cap weakening determined by puncture force analysis. We hypothesize that LeEXP4 is involved in the regulation of seed germination by contributing to cell wall disassembly associated with endosperm cap weakening.
OptiDwell (2017)

Gaze based navigation with digital screens offer a hands-free and touchless interaction, which is often useful in providing a hygienic interaction experience in a public kiosk scenario. The goodness of such a navigation system depends not only on the accuracy of detecting the eye gaze but also on the ability to determine whether a user is interested in clicking a button or is just looking at the button. The time for which a user needs to gaze at a particular button before it is considered as a click action is called the dwell time. In this paper, we explore intelligent adjustment of dwell times, where mouse click events on the buttons of a given application are emulated with user gaze. A constant dwell-time for all buttons and for all users may not provide an efficient and intuitive interface. We thereby propose a model to dynamically adjust dwell-time values used to emulate user mouse click events, exploiting the user's experience with different portions of a given application. The adjustment happens at a per-user, per-button granularity, as a function of the user's (a) prior usage experience of the given button within the application and (b) Midas touch characteristics for the given button. We propose OptiDwell, inspired by the action-value method based solutions to the Multi-Armed Bandits problem, for dwell click time adaptation. We experiment OptiDwell using an interactive TV channel browsing interface application, constituting of a mix of text and image buttons, over 10 computer-savvy users generating over 9000 click tasks. We observe significant improvement of user comfort level over the sessions, quantified by (a) improved (reduced) dwell times and (b) reduced number of Midas touches in spite of faster dwell-clicks, as high as 10-fold reduction in the best case. Our work is useful for creating an interface, with accurate, fast and comfortable dwell-clicks for each interface element (e.g., buttons), and each user.
Extraction of motor patterns from joint EEG/EMG recording: A Riemannian Geometry approach. (2020)

The combined analyses of brain and muscle signals can be very useful in assessing the cortico-muscular connectivity and reorganization in brain injury. A basic approach would be to assess the sensorimotor (SMR) rhythms with electroencephalography (EEG) during the muscle activation in a pinch-and-hold task. For this paradigm, a cue is presented to the subject to initiate and stop the pinch-and-hold. However, we have found that this simple task can become quite challenging to perform repeatedly and robustly in children with hypertonic or hypotonic muscles, such as in hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). We observed that many children found it difficult to respond immediately to a cue, hold and maintain the pinch on a force gauge, with a specific force, for the length of a trial for multiple trials. In these cases, a self-paced movement execution task appears more appropriate, albeit without an EEG-EMG time-locking event. Inspired by these experimental challenges in assessing the cortico-muscular connectivity in children with HCP, we developed a novel approach to extract SMR spatial patterns from EEG signals using the dynamic information of the corresponding EMG activation. Essentially, in this method the aim is to find EEG sources that can explain the variation of muscle activity. However, due to the different nature of frequency components between EEG and EMG, usual cross decomposition algorithms (CCA, PLS) are not easily applicable towards this goal. Recently, mSPOC was proposed as a novel approach to solve such an issue employing a complex iterative procedure to find components that maximized the envelop of correlation between sources of two sets of multivariate signals. Here, we introduce a simpler alternative methodology, based on Riemannian geometry, that allows to objectively extract EEG spatial patterns that explain variations of EMG power. We show a proof-of-concept in healthy subject's dataset.
Synthesis of (.+-.)-carba-analogs of 5-HPETE and leukotriene A4,unstable intermediates of slow-reacting substance (SRS). (1982)

The carba-analogs of 5-HPETE and leukotriene A4, unstable intermediates of slow-reacting substance (SRS), were synthesized. These carbaanalogs inhibited the 5-lipoxygenase. The carba-analog of leukotriene A4 was a particularly potent specific inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase.
Nanoparticle‐mediated delivery of tetrahydrobiopterin increases nitric oxide synthesis in diabetes (2012)

A deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a critical cofactor for endothelial cell (EC) nitric oxide (NO) synthase, may be a common cause of vascular dysfunction in many diseases. Our goal was to augment BH4 levels in ECs in order to increase NO bioavailability and improve vascular function in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. We encapsulated BH4 in biodegradable poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) nanoparticles (NPs) using an emulsion‐solvent evaporation method. Concentrations of BH4 in ECs and vessels were calculated using a reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method after oxidation of samples under acidic and alkaline conditions, while nitrite levels were measured using an HPLC method developed in our lab. NO‐dependent relaxation of vessels was assessed by measuring the response to increasing concentrations of acetylcholine. NPs were taken up by ECs in a time‐and dose‐dependent fashion. BH4 levels in ECs and NO synthesis were increased after uptake of BH4‐loaded NPs. Importantly, BH4‐loaded NPs increased endothelium‐dependent vasodilatory responses of vessels from diabetic rats, demonstrating the ability of NP‐mediated BH4 delivery to restore vascular function. These studies support the feasibility of utilizing biodegradable NPs to deliver therapeutic agents to ECs to attenuate dysfunction associated with vascular disease. (Supported by NIH grant #HL093689).
Damage and repair induced by bleomycin in the domain of human amplified MYC oncogenes. (1990)

Growing monolayer COLO320 human cells having a 30- to 40-fold amplification of a MYC domain were pulse treated for 15 min with increasing doses of bleomycin (BLM). Cellular DNA was extracted at the end of the BLM treatment or after an interval of 30 min, during which the cells were allowed to repair the DNA damage at 37 degrees C in culture medium without BLM. Damage and repair in total cellular DNA was assessed by alkaline unwinding and by neutral and alkaline gel electrophoresis. The response to BLM in the domain of MYC oncogene was evaluated by Southern blotting of EcoRI-digested DNAs separated by neutral or alkaline gel electrophoresis. We found that MYC domains from COLO320HSR showed a higher frequency of double-strand DNA breaks than MYC domains from COLO320DM cells. At the level of total cellular DNA, both cell lines showed the same frequency of double-strand nicks. No repair of double-strand breaks was observed. Total DNA from COLO320HSR cells was more sensitive to single-strand breakage than DNA from COLO320DM. At the gene level, the frequency of single-strand scissions was higher in COLO320DM than in COLO320HSR MYC domains. Both cell lines had good capability to close single-strand scissions. However, at high BLM doses the damage was more efficiently repaired by COLO320DM cells. We propose that chromatin organization in total cellular DNA and in the amplified MYC domain probably plays an important role in the DNA response to BLM.
Supplementary Table S5 from The Genetic Landscape of Clinical Resistance to RAF Inhibition in Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file 13K, Supplementary Table S5. PI3K pathway alterations. This table provides additional details on the PI3K pathway alterations observed in this cohort. Additional information regarding the time point, protein change, and appropriate reference are provided. Biopsy time point entries in gray denote situations where the tumor was unavailable for sequencing. Allelic fractions in bold denote situations where there is evidence for loss of the alternate allele between time points. (PMID = PubMed identification number). For activating or inactivating alterations, predicted function was derived by review of the published literature. The "likely" designation was reserved for alterations that occurred at the same amino acid residue as reported events but involved different changes at that site. For remaining missense mutations, "Probably Damaging" and "Possibly Damaging" designations were obtained from PolyPhen2 in silico predictions; alterations that met that criteria had PolyPhen2 scores between 0.9 and 1. Remaining nonsense mutations were considered "Probably Damaging"&lt;/p&gt;