gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extending bit-oriented optical data storage into the third dimension (1998)

Summary form only given. The extension of bit-oriented optical data storage into the third dimension appears to become one of the more promising approaches to satisfy the quest for removable ultra high density data storage systems for the 2000s. The advent of two-layer digital velocity display products has shown the economical feasibility of the use of this dimension. Since the impact of storing bits in the third dimension linearly increases with the density of stored bits in this dimension, significant additional gains in storage capacities per platter can be obtained by increasing the number of layers. The approach taken by Call/Recall, Inc., relies on two-photon absorption for recording bits in the volume of a photochromic plastic media to fully exploit the third dimension.
Review ofThe Theory That Would Not Dieby Sharon McGrayne (2012)

With rare exception, I found this is a very entertaining and informative read with a flair for the dramatic. The book is very non-technical (only Bayes’ Rule itself appears, and early in the book a...
ChemInform Abstract: The Total Synthesis of Spirotryprostatin A. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of reflection scanner uniformity (2007)

A flatbed reflection scanner is a tempting device to use as a surrogate for a microdensitometer in the evaluation of print image quality. Since reflection scanners were never designed with this purpose in mind, many concerns exist regarding their usefulness as a microdensitometer surrogate. This paper addresses the concerns regarding scan uniformity that must be addressed in order to qualify a reflection scanner for use in print image quality evaluation.
Solid Supported 9‐Amino‐9‐deoxy‐epi‐quinine as Efficient Organocatalyst for Stereoselective Reactions in Batch and Under Continuous Flow Conditions (2015)

Abstract Polystyrene‐supported 9‐amino‐9‐deoxy‐ epi ‐quinine was synthesized through co‐polymerization of an ad hoc ‐designed chiral monomer with divinylbenzene, in the presence of azobis(isobutyronitile) (AIBN) as radical initiator and toluene and 1‐dodecanol as porogenic solvents. The heterogenized catalyst efficiently promoted the reaction of isobutyric aldehyde with β‐nitrostyrene, in very high yield and enantioselectivity, comparable or even higher than that of the homogeneous counterpart (up to 95% ee ). The recyclability of the catalyst, its general applicability and its successful application to other reactions was also demonstrated. Finally, for the first time, a 9‐amino‐ epi ‐quinine derivative was employed to perform an enantioselective Michael reaction under continuous‐flow conditions; by using a home‐made, packed‐bed catalytic reactor, the aldehyde addition to nitrostyrene was successfully realized in flow mode, leading to the product in up to 93% ee . magnified image
The Geoglobus acetivorans Genome: Fe(III) Reduction, Acetate Utilization, Autotrophic Growth, and Degradation of Aromatic Compounds in a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon (2014)

Geoglobus acetivorans is a hyperthermophilic anaerobic euryarchaeon of the order Archaeoglobales isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. A unique physiological feature of the members of the genus Geoglobus is their obligate dependence on Fe(III) reduction, which plays an important role in the geochemistry of hydrothermal systems. The features of this organism and its complete 1,860,815-bp genome sequence are described in this report. Genome analysis revealed pathways enabling oxidation of molecular hydrogen, proteinaceous substrates, fatty acids, aromatic compounds, n-alkanes, and organic acids, including acetate, through anaerobic respiration linked to Fe(III) reduction. Consistent with the inability of G. acetivorans to grow on carbohydrates, the modified Embden-Meyerhof pathway encoded by the genome is incomplete. Autotrophic CO2 fixation is enabled by the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Reduction of insoluble poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide depends on the transfer of electrons from the quinone pool to multiheme c-type cytochromes exposed on the cell surface. Direct contact of the cells and Fe(III) oxide particles could be facilitated by pilus-like appendages. Genome analysis indicated the presence of metabolic pathways for anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds and n-alkanes, although an ability of G. acetivorans to grow on these substrates was not observed in laboratory experiments. Overall, our results suggest that Geoglobus species could play an important role in microbial communities of deep-sea hydrothermal vents as lithoautotrophic producers. An additional role as decomposers would close the biogeochemical cycle of carbon through complete mineralization of various organic compounds via Fe(III) respiration.
Synthesis and Characterization of Abasic β-Diol-C-Nucleosides (2023)

Modified nucleobases are potentially useful building blocks when containing catalytically active functionalities and could be introduced in chiral tridimensional molecules such as nucleic acids, which creates the premises for the development of novel catalytic species. Herein we describe the synthesis of a novel &amp;beta;-C-nucleoside bearing a diol group at anomeric position, amenable as metal ligand or as organo-catalyst. The abasic ligand was successfully prepared and inserted into complementary DNA strand.
Methods for the Use of Stromal Cells for Therapeutic Gene Therapy (2003)

The logic behind the use of bone marrow stromal cells in gene therapy relies heavily on data that indicate the uniqueness of the bone marrow stromal cell as a differentiated cell phenotype distinct from the embryo fibroblast, adult connective tissue fibroblast, and cells derived from other sites such as the skin, or connective tissue in muscle (Table 1) (1-15). Bone marrow stromal cells comprise the slowly proliferating supportive tissue of the hematopoietic microenvironment. The anatomic localization, biology, physiology, and growth of these cells in tissue culture have been the subject of intense investigation by experimental and clinical hematologists for several years (16-28). A major controversy in basic hematology has been the question of whether bone marrow stromal cells of the hematopoietic microenvironment are transplantable. Classic bone marrow transplantation biology (30-38) has provided significant data to indicate that the hematopoietic stem cell and committed progeny are transplantable in vivo (for review, see refs. 29,39). Techniques to transplant bone marrow stem cells have gained common acceptance in both experimental and clinical hematology. In contrast, transplantation of slowly proliferating stromal cells of the hematopoietic microenvironment has only recently been demonstrated (29,33,40-51), and confirmed by others (52). The use of bone marrow stromal cells in somatic cell gene therapy has recently become a realistic option. for clinical therapeutic management.
Tolerability of pimobendan in the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) (2009)

Pimobendan, an inodilator, is often recommended for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs. DCM is also quite often seen with ferrets, but little is known about the effects of pimobendan on this animal. In the present tolerability study, three groups of five ferrets were used. Over a period of eight weeks, the first test group received a placebo twice daily, the second group received a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg pimobendan (Vetmedin , Boehringer Ingelheim, Brussels, Belgium) twice daily, and the third group received a dosage of 1.5 mg/kg twice daily. All the ferrets remained clinically healthy throughout the experiment. Monitoring of the blood values showed a tendency towards increasing gamma glutamyltranspeptidase values. Except for some practical problems due to the taste of the product, no major objections were seen in this study for the use of pimobendan in ferrets. Further research is required to confirm this conclusion.
A two-dimensional electronically-steerable array antenna for target detection on ground (2011)

Target-detection with a proof-of-concept electronically-steerable array (ESA) antenna is demonstrated in this paper. First, the clutter level is investigated by using vertically- and horizontally-polarized electric fields. Two metallic cylinders with different sizes are subsequently used as targets and are characterized using standard 15-dBi horn antennas. The bigger cylinder reflects about 3 dB higher power than the smaller one. A 2×2 ESA antenna is designed, fabricated and tested for two-dimensional beam steering. Unlike standard horn antennas that exhibit no electronic steering, the 2×2 ESA is able to identify a target location by steering the beam angle from -40 to +40 degrees, when the target is placed at -25, 0, and +25 degrees. The reflected power from each target is 5 dB less when illuminated by the proof-of-concept 2×2 ESA than when illuminated by the standard horn antenna. This is due to the 5.2 dB gain difference between the two antennas. The findings of this work show the potential of ESAs in target detection technology.
The Turing Test (2001)

Artificial Intelligence Computer Algorithms compete with each other in a Game Show setting where they attempt to pass the 'Turing Test' and be accepted as human.The work represents a new paradigm in computer generated filmmaking. The realistic 3D human-like digital actors were recorded in real-time directly from the display of a standard PC. The characters' dialogue was created from textwith a text to speech engine or automaticallysychronized to real voice audio clips. The digital actors were 'directed' using a markup language to describe behaviours and expressions, with real-time interactive playback.Software: LifeFXHardware: PC, Graphics Card. Copyright held by creator.
Photoinduced surface reactions of reverse-biased n-type porous Si (1996)

Light induced surface reactions of reverse-biased n-type porous Si with H 2O, CH3OH or CF3COOH are studied by diffuse reflectance and transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The goal of this work is to identify reagents which will react with the irradiated, electron deficient surface but not the non-irradiated, neutral surface of reverse-biased porous Si. The porous Si is the anode in an electrochemical cell with the desired reagent present as the electrolyte solution. H2O/0.5M NaCl is found to react with the reverse-biased Si in both the light and the dark to form the native oxide. CH 3OH/0.1M NaBF4 generates a small amount of methoxide-modified Si in both the light and the dark. CF3COOH/1M CF3COONa reacts with the surface when the porous Si is optically excited to create a surface-bound trifluoroacetic ester species. CF 3COOH/1M CF3COONa does not react with reverse biased Si in the dark. The Si surface can be photolithographically patterned with the trifluoroacetic ester species.
Postfunctionalization of Luminescent Bipyridine PtII Bisacetylides by Click Chemistry (2012)

Abstract The synthesis of a family of differently substituted 5‐ and 4,4′‐ethynyl‐bpy Pt II bisacetylide complexes (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) and their postfunctionalization using click chemistry is described. Cu I ‐catalyzed azide–alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition was an efficient method to decorate the Pt II complexes with a manifold of moieties in high yields. The absorption and emission properties and the electrochemical behaviour of all of the complexes have been investigated. The studied compounds emit at room temperature between 598 and 660 nm, reaching photoluminescence quantum yields of 0.33 in solution. The bright luminescent properties of the unsubstituted bpy Pt II bisacetylide complex remained unaffected upon click‐functionalization as the resulting triazole substituent has no significant influence on the nonradiative decay rate constant. This route opens new possibilities for to control the bulk of the complexes, their solubility, and their further extension or immobilization on macromolecules, polymers and surfaces without affecting their intrinsic properties. Two derivatives were selected as triplet emitter molecules in solution‐processed polymer‐based organic light‐emitting devices.
Proposal of Literal Matching Method toward Linked Data Integration (2015)

Linked Open Data (LOD) has a graph structure in which nodes are represented by URIs, and thus LOD sets are connected and searched through different domains. In fact, however, 5% of the values are literal (string without URI) even in DBpedia, which is a de facto hub of LOD. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of identifying and aggregating literal nodes in order to give a URI to literals that have the same meaning and to promote data linkage. Our method regards part of the LOD graph structure as a block image, and then extracts image features based on Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), and performs ensemble learning, which is well known in the field of computer vision. In an experiment, we created about 30,000 literal pairs from a Japanese music category of DBpedia Japanese and Freebase, and confirmed thatthe proposed method correctly determines literal identity with F-measure of 76--85%.
Argon metastable densities in the GEC reference cell: a numerical study (2002)

Summary form only given. The Gaseous Electronics Conference (GEC) reference cell was introduced several years ago as a standard parallel plate capacitively coupled experimental platform for comparing measurements from different research groups and providing reliable data for evaluating models. Recently, McMillin and Zachariah (1996) applied planar laser-induced fluorescence to construct two-dimensional profiles of argon metastable densities in argon, Ar, Ar/O/sub 2/ and Ar/CF/sub 4/ plasmas over a wide range of gas pressures and applied RF voltages. They observed systematic trends in the spatial distributions and magnitudes of the Ar densities. In this paper, we report on a numerical investigation of the GEC reference cell for the conditions of these experiments with the goals of identifying the processes responsible for the experimental observations. The numerical model used in this study is based on a previously described hybrid simulation originally developed for inductively coupled plasmas. In the model, ions and neutrals are simulated using fluid techniques, while a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is used for computing the electron dynamics. The fluid and MC modules, coupled with a solution of Poisson's equation, are iterated until quasi-steady state conditions are obtained.
A robust LMS adaptive algorithm over distributed networks (2011)

power estimates on the behavior of a noise constrained diffusion-based adaptive algorithm for distributed adaptive networks. For good performance, the noise constrained diffusion least mean square (NCDLMS) algorithm assumes knowledge of the noise variance is available at each node. In this work, it is shown that the NCDLMS algorithm is robust to large variations in noise variance estimation. Moreover, the mean and steady-state analyses of the NCDLMS algorithm are carried out and simulation results are found to corroborate the theoretical findings. Great improvement in performance is obtained through the use of the proposed algorithm even when no information on the noise variance is available. The increased computational complexity of the NCDLMS algorithm is justified through the performance improvement it offers.
Early monitoring of acute tubular necrosis in the rat kidney by 23 Na-MRI (2009)

Reabsorption of water and other molecules is dependent on the corticomedullary sodium concentration gradient in the kidney. During the early course of acute tubular necrosis (ATN), this gradient is altered. Therefore, 23Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to study the alterations in renal sodium distribution in the rat kidney during ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury, which induces ATN. In-magnet ischemia was induced for 0 (control), 10, 20, 30 or 50 min in Wistar rats. 23Na images were collected every 10 min during baseline, ischemia, and 60-min reperfusion periods. T1 and T2 relaxation times were measured by both 23Na-MRI and -MRS on a separate cohort of animals during ischemia and reperfusion for correction of relaxation-related tissue sodium concentration (TSC). A marked decrease was observed in the medulla and cortex 23Na-MRI signal intensity (SI) during the early evolution of ATN caused by IR injury, with the sodium reabsorption function of the kidney being irreversibly damaged after 50 min of ischemia. Sodium relaxation time characteristics were similar in the medulla and cortex of normal kidney, but significantly decreased with IR. The changes in relaxation times in both compartments were identical; thus the medulla-to-cortex sodium SI ratio represents the TSC ratio of both compartments. The extent of IR damage observed with histological examination correlated with the 23Na-MRI data. 23Na-MRI has great potential for noninvasive, clinical diagnosis of evolving ATN in the setup of acute renal failure and in differentiating ATN from other causes of renal failure where tubular function is maintained.
Monitoring the health of mechanical systems with smart materials: signal processing issues (1995)

Smart structures generally consist of abase material (e.g., composite) containing large numbers of embedded and interconnected sensors, actuators, and processors. With these embedded components, smart structures have a built-in ability to sense and respond to environmental stimuli without requiring externally mounted transducers. Research is currently underway to develop smart structures for a variety of applications, including the self-diagnosis of the structure for damage detection and health monitoring. Industries that have a particular interest in this area include aerospace, marine, ground transportation, power utilities, and manufacturing. In recent years, the research has focused on the materials science issues related to embedding the transducers. However, significant barriers still remain that are preventing wide spread use of smart materials for health monitoring. This paper will discuss the barriers caused by the difficult problem of integrating and processing the wealth of information from the large numbers of transducers.
Milkfat Sucrose Polyesters as Fat Substitutes in Cheddar‐type Cheeses (1994)

ABSTRACT Milkfat sucrose polyesters (SPE) were substituted for 10, 25, 50, or 75% (w/w) of mllkfat in reconstituted milk and made into Cheddar‐type cheeses. Total fat, moisture, and salt contents of the cheeses averaged 27, 49, and 1.2% (w/w). respectively. A screened sensory panel (n=22) determined that cheeses containing SPE were significantly different from the control cheese. Colorlmetrlc measurements of the total difference (ΔE) of the cheeses containing SPE from the control cheese increased as % SPE in the cheese increased (r=0.90). Firmness of the cheeses did not differ (p&lt;0.05). Cheddar‐type cheeses made with mllkfat SPE substituted for milkfat may have potential marketability.
Using kinetics and modeling to predict denitrification fluxes in elemental‐sulfur‐based biofilms (2019)

Elemental sulfur (S<sup>0</sup> ) can serve as an electron donor for water and wastewater denitrification, but few researchers have addressed the kinetics of S <sup>0</sup> -based reduction of nitrate (NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> ), nitrite (NO <sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> ), and nitrous oxide (N <sub>2</sub> O). In addition, S <sup>0</sup> -based denitrifying biofilms are counter-diffusional. This is because the electron donor (S <sup>0</sup> ) is supplied from the biofilm attachment surface while the acceptor, for example, NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> , is supplied from the bulk liquid. No existing mathematical model for S <sup>0</sup> -based denitrification considers this behavior. In this study, batch tests were used to determine the kinetic parameters for the reduction of NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> , NO <sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> , and N <sub>2</sub> O. Additionally, a biofilm model was developed to explore the effects of counter-diffusion on overall fluxes, that is, the mass of NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> or NO <sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> removed per unit biofilm support area per unit time. The maximum specific substrate utilization rates ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mover><mml:mi>q</mml:mi><mml:mo>ˆ</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math> ) for NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> , NO <sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> , and N <sub>2</sub> O were 3.54, 1.98, and 6.28 g N g COD <sup>-1</sup> ·d <sup>-1</sup> , respectively. The maximum specific growth rates ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mover><mml:mi>µ</mml:mi><mml:mo>ˆ</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math> ) were 0.71, 1.21, and 1.67 d <sup>-1</sup> for NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> to NO <sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> , NO <sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> to N <sub>2</sub> O, and N <sub>2</sub> O to N <sub>2</sub> , respectively. Results suggest that the observed NO <sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> accumulation during S <sup>0</sup> -based denitrification results from a low <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mover><mml:mi>q</mml:mi><mml:mo>ˆ</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math> for NO <sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> relative to that for NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> . The high <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mover><mml:mi>q</mml:mi><mml:mo>ˆ</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math> for N <sub>2</sub> O, relative to that for NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and NO <sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> , suggest that little N <sub>2</sub> O accumulation occurs during denitrification. A counter-diffusional biofilm model was used to predict trends for NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> fluxes, and confirmed NO <sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> accumulation in S <sup>0</sup> -based denitrification biofilms. It also explains the observed detrimental effects of biofilm thickness on denitrification fluxes. This study allows a more accurate prediction of NO <sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> , NO <sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> , and N <sub>2</sub> O transformations in S <sup>0</sup> -based denitrification.
Performance of a cellular hybrid C/TDMA mobile radio system applying joint detection and coherent receiver antenna diversity (1994)

For future mobile radio systems, an appropriately chosen multiple access technique is a critical issue. Multiple access techniques presently under discussion are code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), and hybrids of both. In the paper, a hybrid C/TDMA system using joint detection (JD-C/TDMA) with coherent receiver antenna diversity (CRAD) at the base station (BS) receiver is proposed. Some attractive features of the JD-C/TDMA system are the possibility to flexibly offer voice and data services with different bit rates, soft capacity, inherent frequency and interferer diversity, and high system capacity due to JD. Furthermore, due to JD, a cluster size equal to 1 can be realized without needing soft handover. The single cell E/sub b//N/sub 0/ performance and the interference situation in a cellular environment of the uplink of a JD-C/TDMA mobile radio system with CRAD is investigated in detail. It is shown that the cellular spectrum efficiency is remarkably high, taking values up to 0.2 bit/s/Hz/BS in the uplink, depending on the actual transmission conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Research into the effects of temperature on organ tuning (2010)

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Erratum: Effects of the sound speed of quintessence on the microwave background and large scale structure [Phys. Rev. D67, 103509 (2003)] (2004)

We report a typographical error in our paper.