gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Varying the ionic functionalities of conjugated polyelectrolytes leads to both p- and n-type carbon nanotube composites for flexible thermoelectrics (2015)

Selective doping of single-walled carbon nanotubes can be achieved by varying pendant ionic functionalities of conjugated polyelectrolytes.
Cathodoluminescence investigations and trace-element analysis of quartz by micro-PIXE; implications for diagenetic and provenance studies in sandstone (1996)

Hot-cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy and high-resolution trace-element analyses by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (micro-PIXE) using the proton microprobe have been applied to samples of quartz arenite in order to obtain information about their diagenetic environment and the provenance of quartz detritus. The occurrence of an intensely zoned orange-brown cement generation within quartz overgrowths in quartzitic lenses from the Fontainebleau Sand (Oligocene, Paris Basin) coincides with increased Fe concentrations of up to 192 ppm. In contrast, the Fe content of a nonluminescing generation within the same overgrowths is significantly lower. This finding suggests that the CL is either activated by the Fe itself or caused by defects induced by the incorporation of Fe into the structure. Detrital grains of quartz from sandstone samples of different ages and locations (Wiehengebirgsquarzit, Upper Jurassic, northwestern Germany; Fontainebleau Sand, Oligocene, Paris Basin) yield a good correlation between CL color and Fe and Ti concentrations, with Fe (up to 455 ppm) being more abundant in red-brown-luminescing grains and Ti (up to 298 ppm) confined to grains with blue-violet luminescence. Ti is universally present in quartz from plutonic and extrusive igneous rocks, but rarely observed in quartz from metamorphic rocks. This supports the general contention that the blue-violet-luminescing quartz was formed under higher temperatures than the quartz with brown luminescence, an observation important for studies of sandstone provenance. Concerning the mechanisms of CL activation, these results do not unequivocally prove that the observed colors are activated by the elements sought. Despite the advantages of the microanalytical technique, the observed trace-element contents may still reflect submicroscopic inclusions rather than element incorporation into the structure.
Iron catalyzed diastereoselective hydrogenation of chiral imines (2017)

Cyclopentadienone-based iron complexes were used for the first time to successfully catalyze the diastereoselective hydrogenation of enantiopure imines. Chiral amines, including valuable biologically active products, were obtained often as enantiomerically pure compounds. Computational studies helped to elucidate the chemical and stereochemical aspects of the iron-catalyzed reaction.
AI-Driven Synthetic Route Design Incorporated with Retrosynthesis Knowledge (2022)

Computer-aided synthesis planning (CASP) aims to assist chemists in performing retrosynthetic analysis for which they utilize their experiments, intuition, and knowledge. Recent breakthroughs in machine learning (ML) techniques, including deep neural networks, have significantly improved data-driven synthetic route designs without human intervention. However, learning chemical knowledge by ML for practical synthesis planning has not yet been adequately achieved and remains a challenging problem. In this study, we developed a data-driven CASP application integrated with various portions of retrosynthesis knowledge called "ReTReK" that introduces the knowledge as adjustable parameters into the evaluation of promising search directions. The experimental results showed that ReTReK successfully searched synthetic routes based on the specified retrosynthesis knowledge, indicating that the synthetic routes searched with the knowledge were preferred to those without the knowledge. The concept of integrating retrosynthesis knowledge as adjustable parameters into a data-driven CASP application is expected to enhance the performance of both existing data-driven CASP applications and those under development.
Fractional Laser Treatment Boosts Systemic Anti-Tumor Immunity in Combination with OX40 Agonist and PD-1 Blockade (2021)

Abstract While ablative fractional photothermolysis (aFP) with a 10,600 nm CO 2 laser is employed for a wide variety of dermatologic conditions, its applications in oncology are relatively unexplored. Building off our previous work, we investigated the effect of unilateral aFP treatment in combination with anti-PD-1 blocking antibody and OX40 agonist on bilateral tumor growth and remission. A CT26 wild type (CT26WT) colon carcinoma cell line was established bilaterally on the hind flanks of a standardized mouse model and tumor characteristics were investigated on aFP treated and untreated sides. Remarkably, triple therapy with fractional CO 2 laser in combination with anti-PD-1 antibodies and OX40 agonists resulted in significantly slower tumor growth and complete remissions on bilateral tumors. Flow cytometric analysis showed the triple treatments elicited an increase of granzyme B+ CD8+T cells due to synergistic effect of aFP treatment and the checkpoint molecules, including the induction of CD103+ CCR7+ dendritic cells (DCs) in aFP-treated tumor by aFP treatment, XCR1+ DCs in drainage lymph node by anti-PD-1 inhibitor and OX40+ Ki67+ CD8+ T cells in the lymph node by OX40 agonist. Triple therapy-mediated tumor regression and survival was abrogated upon CD8+ T cell depletion. Importantly, when two mismatched cancer cells were implanted into mice, the effect of the triple therapy on distant tumor was abrogated, showing antigen specificity of the T cell immunity induced by triple therapy. This study highlights the efficacy of aFP a novel adjuvant for current cancer immunotherapeutics.
The pH of Activation of the Hemagglutinin Protein Regulates H5N1 Influenza Virus Pathogenicity and Transmissibility in Ducks (2009)

While the molecular mechanism of membrane fusion by the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein has been studied extensively in vitro, the role of acid-dependent HA protein activation in virus replication, pathogenesis, and transmission in vivo has not been characterized. To investigate the biological significance of the pH of activation of the HA protein, we compared the properties of four recombinant viruses with altered HA protein acid stability to those of wild-type influenza virus A/chicken/Vietnam/C58/04 (H5N1) in vitro and in mallards. Membrane fusion by wild-type virus was activated at pH 5.9. Wild-type virus had a calculated environmental persistence of 62 days and caused extensive morbidity, mortality, shedding, and transmission in mallards. An N114K mutation that increased the pH of HA activation by 0.5 unit resulted in decreased replication, genetic stability, and environmental stability. Changes of +0.4 and -0.5 unit in the pH of activation by Y23H and K58I mutations, respectively, reduced weight loss, mortality, shedding, and transmission in mallards. An H24Q mutation that decreased the pH of activation by 0.3 unit resulted in weight loss, mortality, clinical symptoms, and shedding similar to those of the wild type. However, the HA-H24(1)Q virus was shed more extensively into drinking water and persisted longer in the environment. The pH of activation of the H5 HA protein plays a key role in the propagation of H5N1 influenza viruses in ducks and may be a novel molecular factor in the ecology of influenza viruses. The data also demonstrate that H5N1 neuraminidase activity increases the pH of activation of the HA protein in vitro.
Acute kidney injury and residual renal function (2012)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurring in patients admitted to the ICU may result in impaired renal function on long-term follow-up after ICU discharge. The damage induced by subclinical or manifest episodes of AKI may, in fact, produce an irreversible loss of a variable amount of renal mass with deleterious effects on overall renal function. This may be the case even though baseline glomerular filtration rate appears to return to normal but renal reserve is impaired. This may have an important effect on long-term outcomes, including progression to chronic kidney disease. Acute kidney insults should not be considered as isolated episodes but rather a sequence of progressive events that can lead to progressive deterioration of kidney tissue and eventual declines in renal function.
Near-field measurement of infrared coplanar strip transmission line attenuation and propagation constants (2010)

Impedance matched and low loss transmission lines are essential for optimal energy delivery through an integrated optical or plasmonic nanocircuit. A novel method for the measurement of the attenuation and propagation constants of an antenna-coupled coplanar strip (CPS) transmission line is demonstrated at 28.3 THz using scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy. Reflection of the propagating optical wave upon an open-circuit or short-circuit load at the terminal of the CPS provides a standing voltage wave, which is mapped through the associated surface-normal E(z) electric near-field component at the metal-air interface. By fitting the analytical standing wave expression to the near-field data, the transmission line properties are determined. Full-wave models and measured results are presented and are in excellent agreement.
Placental growth factor inhibition modulates the interplay between hypoxia and unfolded protein response in hepatocellular carcinoma (2016)

PlGF inhibition attenuates PERK activation, likely by tempering hypoxia in HCC via vessel normalisation. The UPR, in turn, is able to regulate PlGF expression, suggesting the existence of a feedback mechanism for hypoxia-mediated UPR that promotes the expression of the angiogenic factor PlGF. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the effect of therapies normalising tumour vasculature.
Lower bounds on the rate-distortion function of individual LDGM codes (2008)

We consider lossy compression of a binary symmetric source by means of a low-density generator-matrix code. We derive two lower bounds on the rate distortion function which are valid for any low-density generator-matrix code with a given node degree distribution L(x) on the set of generators and for any encoding algorithm. These bounds show that, due to the sparseness of the code, the performance is strictly bounded away from the Shannon rate-distortion function. In this sense, our bounds represent a natural generalization of Gallagerpsilas bound on the maximum rate at which low-density parity-check codes can be used for reliable transmission. Our bounds are inspired by the recent work of Dimakis, Wainwright, and Ramchandran, but they apply to individual codes.
mGluR2 versus mGluR3 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Primate Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex: Postsynaptic mGluR3 Strengthen Working Memory Networks (2017)

The newly evolved circuits in layer III of primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) generate the neural representations that subserve working memory. These circuits are weakened by increased cAMP-K+ channel signaling, and are a focus of pathology in schizophrenia, aging, and Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive deficits in these disorders are increasingly associated with insults to mGluR3 metabotropic glutamate receptors, while reductions in mGluR2 appear protective. This has been perplexing, as mGluR3 has been considered glial receptors, and mGluR2 and mGluR3 have been thought to have similar functions, reducing glutamate transmission. We have discovered that, in addition to their astrocytic expression, mGluR3 is concentrated postsynaptically in spine synapses of layer III dlPFC, positioned to strengthen connectivity by inhibiting postsynaptic cAMP-K+ channel actions. In contrast, mGluR2 is principally presynaptic as expected, with only a minor postsynaptic component. Functionally, increase in the endogenous mGluR3 agonist, N-acetylaspartylglutamate, markedly enhanced dlPFC Delay cell firing during a working memory task via inhibition of cAMP signaling, while the mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator, BINA, produced an inverted-U dose-response on dlPFC Delay cell firing and working memory performance. These data illuminate why insults to mGluR3 would erode cognitive abilities, and support mGluR3 as a novel therapeutic target for higher cognitive disorders.
Electronic structure of Cd hydrides studied by resonant inelasticsoft X-ray scattering (2005)

Spectacular changes in the optical and electrical properties were recently discovered in metal hydride films of yttrium and lanthanum near their metal insulator transitions: the dihydrides are excellent metals and the trihydrides are insulators and transparent in the visible part of optical spectrum. Such changes are best described by a model based on negatively charged hydrogen (H-) ions. We have studied the electronic structure of the similar Gd H system by X-ray Absorption and Resonant Inelastic Soft X-ray Scattering (RIXS) Spectroscopies. During our measurements we found charge transfer excitations, which produce charge-transfer satellite systems. These satellites result support the view that hydrogen is an electron acceptor.
Non-parametric estimation and correction of non-linear distortion in speech systems (2002)

The performance of speech systems such as speaker recognition degrades drastically when there is mismatch between training and testing conditions, caused by non-linear distortion. This paper describes a technique to estimate and correct such non-linear distortion in speech. The focus is on constrained restoration of degraded speech, that is distortion in the test speech is undone relative to the training speech. Restoration is a two step process-estimation followed by inversion. The non-linearity is estimated in the form of a look-up table by a process of statistical matching using a reference speech template. This statistical matching technique provides a very good estimate of the true non-linear characteristic, and the process is robust, computationally efficient, and universally applicable. Speaker-ID experiments, using artificially corrupted test speech, showed significant improvement in performance after the test speech was 'cleaned' using this technique. The restoration process itself does not introduce appreciable distortion.
Elastic Wave Scattering by General Shaped Defects: the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (1980)

An approximate theory for scattering of elastic wave by general shaped defects has been developed. A defect of arbitrary shape can be represented by a sphere S and a remainder volume R. Using the exact solution for a sphere and treating R as a perturbation, the solution corresponding to the Distorted Wave Born Approximation is obtained. This solution contains non-trivial frequency dependence and phase information. Preliminary comparisons with experiments will be presented.
HARQ Feedback for Carrier Aggregation in LTE-A TDD (2011)

Carrier aggregation (CA) is introduced in Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) to provide larger bandwidth and higher peak rate for a single user. L1 control signaling design is very critical for implementing CA, and Ack/Nack feedback for CA is particularly challenging in time division duplexing (TDD) mode due to the potential large UL/DL asymmetry and limited transmit power in UL. This paper addresses some key issues for Ack/Nack feedback in TDD CA, namely the Ack/Nack bundling schemes, the number of feedback bits to be supported, and the discontinuous transmission (DTX) state feedback. For the last issue, the concept of bundled DTX feedback is proposed. The impacts of different feedback options on DL throughput are evaluated through simple theoretical analysis and extensive system level simulations, and some design principles are proposed, which can be used as guidance for concrete L1 design.
An Improved SPICE Model for a 1.2-kV, 36-A Discrete SiC-MOSFET With Higher Accuracy for a Wide Range of Drain Currents (2019)

This paper describes higher accuracy of an improved SPICE model for a wide range of drain currents for a 1.2-kV, 36-A discrete SiC-MOSFET. The improved SPICE model is developed on the basis of our former Simplorer model by introducing new SPICE codes. Its accuracy and computational stability are validated by comparing the simulated switching waveforms with measurement and that from the manufacture's model up to the drain current of 30 A.
GRP78(BiP) facilitates the cytosolic delivery of anthrax lethal factor (LF) in vivo and functions as an unfoldase in vitro (2011)

Anthrax toxin is an A/B bacterial protein toxin which is composed of the enzymatically active Lethal Factor (LF) and/or Oedema Factor (EF) bound to Protective Antigen 63 (PA63) which functions as both the receptor binding and transmembrane domains. Once the toxin binds to its cell surface receptors it is internalized into the cell and traffics through Rab5- and Rab7-associated endosomal vesicles. Following acidification of the vesicle lumen, PA63 undergoes a dynamic change forming a beta-barrel that inserts into and forms a pore through the endosomal membrane. It is widely recognized that LF, and the related fusion protein LFnDTA, must be completely denatured in order to transit through the PA63 formed pore and enter the eukaryotic cell cytosol. We demonstrate by protease protection assays that the molecular chaperone GRP78 mediates the unfolding of LFnDTA and LF at neutral pH and thereby converts these proteins from a trypsin resistant to sensitive conformation. We have used immunoelectron microscopy and gold-labelled antibodies to demonstrate that both GRP78 and GRP94 chaperones are present in the lumen of endosomal vesicles. Finally, we have used siRNA to demonstrate that knock-down of GRP78 results in the emergence of resistance to anthrax lethal toxin and oedema toxin action.
Modeling Lift Hysteresis on Pitching Airfoils with a Modified Goman–Khrabrov Model (2016)

Wind-tunnel experiments were conducted on two symmetric airfoils with different thickness ratios as a test of the ability of Goman–Khrabrov-type models to predict the lift coefficient history during pitching maneuvers. The primary difference between the two airfoils was that the thin airfoil had no hysteresis in its lift curve during quasi-steady maneuvers, but static hysteresis was observed with the thick airfoil over a range of . Both airfoils exhibited dynamic hysteresis in the lift coefficient when the wing was pitching. The existence of static hysteresis had a strong effect on the lift response during periodic pitching and must be accounted for in the model. A modified version of the Goman–Khrabrov model was introduced that captured the static hysteresis behavior and the large-scale features of the dynamic hysteresis for the thick airfoil, even when the thick airfoil was in a deep-stall condition. Some deviations between model and experiment were observed at the highest angles of attack, which were attributed to the convection of the dynamic stall vortex and its backwash effect as it leaves the airfoil.
Ultrastructural Changes Accompanying the Stimulatory Effect of N6-Monobutyryl Adenosine 3’,5’-Monophosphate on the Release of Growth Hormone (GH), Prolactin (PRL) and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) in Rat Anterior Pituitary Glandin Vitro (1972)

In order to clarify the role of cyclic AMP on the hormonal release processes of the adenohypophysis, the effect of the cyclic nucleotide on both ultrastructure and hormone secretion of incubated rat adenohypophysis was studied at different times of incubation (5 min to 6 hr). Stimulation of the release of GH and PRL occurs in the first minutes following the addition of cyclic AMP. The stimulatory effect of cyclic AMP is specially marked during the first hour of incubation and it decreases gradually during the next five hours of incubation. In both somatotrophs (GrH-secreting cells) and mammotrophs (PRLsecreting cells), exocytosis is seen in most cells 5 min after the addition of cyclic AMP. One hr after addition of the cyclic nucleotide, most of these two cell types are almost completely degranulated. The remaining granules are located along the plasma membrane in the somatotrophs but remain more dispersed in the mammotrophs. At the longest time intervals, the Golgi apparatus containing immature granules is occupying a large portion of the cell surface. This hypertrophy is mainly due to a marked increase of the number of associated vesicles. The release of ACTH increased 30 min after the addition of cyclic AMP, the level of stimulation remaining on a plateau afterwards. At the ultrastructual level, the corticotrophic cells show a very active Golgi apparatus containing immature granules, but no convincing evidence of secretory granule depletion. In gonadotrophic and thyrotrophic cells, no convincing depletion of secretory granules or hypertrophy of the Golgi apparatus can be noticed. The ultrastructural changes induced by cyclic AMP in GH-, PRL- and ACTH-secreting cells appear similar to those already observed under the influence of purified hypothalamic releasing factors. (Endocrinology91: 1355, 1972)
A MASSIVE PROTOSTAR FORMING BY ORDERED COLLAPSE OF A DENSE, MASSIVE CORE (2013)

We present 30 and 40 micron imaging of the massive protostar G35.20-0.74 with SOFIA-FORCAST. The high surface density of the natal core around the protostar leads to high extinction, even at these relatively long wavelengths, causing the observed flux to be dominated by that emerging from the near-facing outflow cavity. However, emission from the far-facing cavity is still clearly detected. We combine these results with fluxes from the near-infrared to mm to construct a spectral energy distribution (SED). For isotropic emission the bolometric luminosity would be 3.3x10^4 Lsun. We perform radiative transfer modeling of a protostar forming by ordered, symmetric collapse from a massive core bounded by a clump with high mass surface density, Sigma_cl. To fit the SED requires protostellar masses ~20-34 Msun depending on the outflow cavity opening angle (35 - 50 degrees), and Sigma_cl ~ 0.4-1 g cm-2. After accounting for the foreground extinction and the flashlight effect, the true bolometric luminosity is ~ (0.7-2.2)x10^5 Lsun. One of these models also has excellent agreement with the observed intensity profiles along the outflow axis at 10, 18, 31 and 37 microns. Overall our results support a model of massive star formation involving the relatively ordered, symmetric collapse of a massive, dense core and the launching bipolar outflows that clear low density cavities. Thus a unified model may apply for the formation of both low and high mass stars.
Strahlungsquellen und Empfänger (2020)

No AccessHandbuch Bauelemente der OptikJan 2020Strahlungsquellen und EmpfängerMartin Löffler-Mang, Dieter LangMartin Löffler-Mang, Dieter Langhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446461260.006SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2020Pages: 183-229Print ISBN: 978-3-446-46032-4eISBN: 978-3-446-46126-0 Copyright & Permissions© 2020 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...