gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Residual Stress Extraction of Surface-Micromachined Fixed-Fixed Nickel Beams Using a Wafer-Scale Technique (2015)

This paper reports on the extraction of residual stress in surface-micromachined nickel thin films of electrostatically actuated fixed-fixed beams using a wafer-scale technique. The distribution of residual stress for 87 beams on a 4-in quarter wafer piece is presented. The residual stress (σ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) is determined from the best fit of the displacement-voltage curves predicted by a computationally efficient model to the experimental data. The nondestructive and automated measurements are taken at room temperature and directly at the beam itself without any additional test structures. The model employed incorporates the nonideal effects of inclined supports, nonflat initial beam profiles, and fringing fields. The extracted residual stress values vary between -12.8 and 13.6 MPa (negative values are for compressive stresses and positive ones for tensile stresses). The residual stresses for these 87 beams follow a nearly normal distribution with a mean value of -1.7 MPa and a standard deviation of 5.9 MPa, which represents the variability of the residual stresses across the wafer. Detailed uncertainty analysis has been conducted, and it reveals that inaccurate modeling of the nonideal effects will result in significant errors in the extracted residual stress. Although demonstrated on nickel thin films, this technique can be applied to other metallic thin films.
Identification of chronic brain protein changes and protein targets of serum auto-antibodies after blast-mediated traumatic brain injury (2020)

In addition to needing acute emergency management, blast-mediated traumatic brain injury (TBI) is also a chronic disorder with delayed-onset symptoms that manifest and progress over time. While the immediate consequences of acute blast injuries are readily apparent, chronic sequelae are harder to recognize. Indeed, the identification of individuals with mild-TBI or TBI-induced symptoms is greatly impaired in large part due to the lack of objective and robust biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to address these need by identifying candidates for serumbased biomarkers of blast TBI, and also to identify unique or differentially regulated protein expression in the thalamus in C57BL/6J mice exposed to blast using high throughput qualitative screens of protein expression. To identify thalamic proteins differentially or uniquely associated with blast exposure, we utilized an antibody-based affinity-capture strategy (referred to as "proteomics-based analysis of depletomes"; PAD) to deplete thalamic lysates from blast-treated mice of endogenous thalamic proteins also found in control mice. Analysis of this "depletome" detected 75 unique proteins, many with associations to the myelin sheath. To identify blastassociated proteins eliciting production of circulating autoantibodies, serum antibodies of blast-treated mice were immobilized, and their immunogens subsequently identified by proteomic analysis of proteins specifically captured following incubation with thalamic lysates (a variant of a strategy referred to as "proteomics-based expression library screening"; PELS). This analysis identified 46 blast-associated immunogenic proteins, including 6 shared in common with the PAD analysis (ALDOA, PHKB, HBA-A1, DPYSL2, SYN1, and CKB). These proteins and their autoantibodies are appropriate for further consideration as biomarkers of blast-mediated TBI.
NIMG-76. SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY (SERS) FOR INTRAOPERATIVE BRAIN TUMOR IMAGING AND PHOTOTHERMAL THERAPY (2017)

Developing intraoperative methods to better delineate brain tumor margins could maximize the extent of tumor resection while minimizing post-operative sequelae. Raman spectroscopy has recently been used for intraoperative brain tumor detection in humans. However, that tumor delineation was based on minor differences between Raman scattering of different endogenous biomolecules in tumor versus normal brain tissue. In contrast, cancer imaging using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers significantly higher sensitivity and signal specificity. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been extensively used as SERS nanoprobes, due to their surface plasmon characteristics and biocompatibility. In addition, surface plasmon resonance in GNPs results in photothermal effects, which can be used for tumor ablation. Therefore, successful delivery of GNPs to brain tumors could aid in SERS-assisted detection and ablation of the tumors. Here, we present results of the application of this highly sensitive approach for brain tumor imaging and photothermal therapy, using an orthotopic human glioblastoma xenograft model (U87-MG modified to express eGFP and luciferease) in mice. The Raman GNPs consist of a gold core coated with silica and a monolayer of active Raman molecules. We labelled the GNPs for near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging. Then, GNPs were injected into tumors intracranially at 3mm depth, and brains were analyzed by Raman and NIRF imaging, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and histology. Raman and NIRF imaging of the brains (n=3) at 1 and 24h post-injection times, showed that GNPs diffused only within the tumor, enabling delineation of brain tumor margins 24h after their injection. SEM analysis confirmed GNP diffusion into the tumor tissues and showed ablation marks in the tumor areas resulting from local high temperatures generated by surface plasmon resonance of the GNPs during Raman imaging. These results suggest potential application of SERS for simultaneous detection and photothermal ablation of the tumors at a microscale range during surgical resection.
The use of hydrophobic, alpha-helix-defined peptides in delineating the T cell determinant for pigeon cytochrome c. (1987)

The B10.A T cell proliferative response to pigeon cytochrome c is largely directed to a single site in the molecule located at the carboxyl terminus within the amino acid sequence of residues 81 to 104. This study uses the pigeon cytochrome c-specific T cell clone A.E7 and synthetic peptide analogs to clarify the role of certain residues within this sequence in T cell recognition. By using the helically constrained amino acid, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, alternated with alanine in an amino-terminal leader sequence, we generated a series of molecules of similar length and alpha-helical conformation but which contain increasing lengths of the native sequence. By comparing the stimulatory ability of this series of peptides, we have clearly identified that the isoleucyl residue at position 95 in pigeon cytochrome c is essential for T cell recognition. This series, when compared with a series containing the same native sequences but without the leader sequence, also showed that the presence of the leader sequence has a general effect on enhancement of T cell recognition. An analysis of the conformational preferences of the peptides using circular dichroism indicated that all of the peptides with leader sequences have a strong preference for the alpha-helical conformation in nonpolar solvents. However, the introduction of helix-breaking residues into these peptides, with a concomitant measured reduction in alpha-helix, did not affect their recognition by clone A.E7. This implies that factors other than conformational stabilization are responsible for the full potency of these peptides. Binding studies to phospholipid vesicles indicated that residues in the leader sequence and in the amino terminus of segment 81-104 beyond residue 95 were important in increasing the ability of the antigens to bind to membranes. These results suggest that the capacity to bind to membranes may be a significant factor in the dose response of T cells to exogenously presented peptides.
Refractive Index Patterns in Silicon Inverted Colloidal Photonic Crystals (2003)

Spatially resolved laser micro‐annealing (process shown on inside front cover) has been used to drive an amorphous to nanocrystalline phase transition in Si inverted colloidal photonic crystals to create micrometer‐sized refractive index patterns (observed as the yellow color in the Figure). This provides a simple means of tailoring the optical properties of Si photonic crystals, and has applications in photonic crystal miniaturized optical components, devices, and circuits.
Multi-spectrum to RGB with Direct Structure-tensor Reconstruction (2016)

This paper proposes a novel multi-spectrum to RGB method with direct structure-tensor reconstruction. The goal of the proposed method is to generate a fused color image which preserves structure-tensor of the original multispectral image while keeping naturalistic color of a reference RGB image. Existing multi-spectrum to RGB methods generate the fused image by sequential pipeline that consists of fused-gradient estimation and reintegration. The existing sequential pipeline tends to generate the fused image whose structure-tensor is deviated from the structure-tensor of the original multispectral image. Contrary to the existing sequential pipeline, the proposed method generates the fused image directly with the structure-tensor of the original multispectral image by minimizing an energy which consists of the structure-tensor term and the reference color constraint term. The proposed direct structure-tensor reconstruction enables us to preserve the structure-tensor of the multispectral image while keeping the naturalistic color of the reference RGB image. The experimental results on multispectral images including visible and NIR images show that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods in terms of not only image quality but also quantitative evaluations.
Enolases Are Highly Conserved Fungal Allergens (1997)

Enolases are therefore considered to be highly conserved major fungal allergens.
Predictors of Employer Satisfaction with Workplace-Based Contract Training Programs at Community and Technical Colleges in West Virginia (2003)

Workplace-based contract training for employers is a growing area of the mission of community and technical colleges across the nation, and determining what factors predict satisfaction for sponsoring organizations may help ensure the success of such programs. This is especially important in West Virginia, where higher education legislation in 1995 and 2000 mandated such programming as essential. State institutions that fail in this area may lose their status as independent colleges. Community and technical colleges, therefore, that use data from this study may be able to design and deliver workplace-based contract education and training programs, using limited existing resources, efficiently and cost effectively. Prior to this research, only three other statewide studies had been conducted to determine employer satisfaction with such programs offered by community and technical colleges. Existing data from the most recent study and current literature suggested that seven variables help determine employer satisfaction: (1) employer participation in program design; (2) customization of program content and mode of delivery; (3) flexibility of course and program scheduling; (4) contract pricing; (5) use of adjunct instructors with business and industry experience; (6) access to institutional resources; and (7) employee-student persistence. This research showed that all variables were good predictors of employer satisfaction, but statistical significance existed only between satisfaction and flexibility of course and program scheduling. Qualitative data suggested for future study the correlation between the use of adjunct faculty with business and industry experience and employer satisfaction. It is recommended that this study be repeated at the end of West Virginia’s current higher education legislation, Senate Bill 653, in 2006.
Argon Ion Laser Angiosurgery In Different Animal Models Using A Multifiber Optical Delivery System (1988)

Stenotic or occlusive (two different techniques) lesions were surgically induced in the canine common carotid artery. The lesions were evaluated angiographically prior to as well as after laser angiosurgery (LAS). LAS was performed in 30 dogs using a continuous wave (CW) argon ion laser (Innova 20) coupled to a multifiber, quartz-shielded, fiberoptic catheter. Successful removal of lesion tissue was achieved in 89% of the animals with stenoses and in 40% and 82% in each of the two groups of dogs with occlusions. In the latter two groups, perforation of the vessel wall during LAS was encountered in 60% and 18%, respectively. No perforations occurred in the stenotic animals, where long-term follow-up was possible for up to 60 days with a patency rate of 63% and morphological evidence of excellent healing with complete reendothelialization.
Crystal structure of 2,4-dimethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dithione (1974)

The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined from X-ray diffractometer data and refined by least squares to R 0·035 (749 reflections). Crystals are monoclinic, P21/n, a= 7·812(1), b= 15·276(3), c= 6·271(2)Å, β= 96·41(1)°, Z= 4. The non-hydrogen atom geometry of the planar system has been corrected throughout for thermal motion; the conjugation is extensive throughout the S·CS·N·CS·N part of the ring but not in the N–S bond. Considerable repulsion distorts the geometry of the peripheral sulphur and methyl groups.
Polarization insensitive antenna remoting link with frequency conversion gain (2000)

We demonstrate a novel photonic link that simultaneously achieves frequency conversion, optical amplification, polarization sensitivity elimination, and fiber dispersion effect minimization. The link also uses low loss and less expensive phase modulators to replace intensity modulators and thus eliminates modulator bias problems.
A high-resolution mass spectrometer to measure atmospheric ion composition (2010)

Abstract. In this paper we present recent achievements on developing and testing a tool to detect the composition of ambient ions in the mass/charge range up to 2000 Th. The instrument is an Atmospheric Pressure Interface Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (APi-TOF, Tofwerk AG). Its mass accuracy is better than 0.002%, and the mass resolving power is 3000 Th/Th. In the data analysis, a new efficient Matlab based set of programs (tofTools) were developed, tested and used. The APi-TOF was tested both in laboratory conditions and applied to outdoor air sampling in Helsinki at the SMEAR III station. Transmission efficiency calibrations showed a throughput of 0.1–0.5% in the range 100–1300 Th for positive ions, and linearity over 3 orders of magnitude in concentration was determined. In the laboratory tests the APi-TOF detected sulphuric acid-ammonia clusters in high concentration from a nebulised sample illustrating the potential of the instrument in revealing the role of sulphuric acid clusters in atmospheric new particle formation. The APi-TOF features a high enough accuracy, resolution and sensitivity for the determination of the composition of atmospheric small ions although the total concentration of those ions is typically only 400–2000 cm-3. The atmospheric ions were identified based on their exact masses, utilizing Kendrick analysis and correlograms as well as narrowing down the potential candidates based on their proton affinities as well isotopic patterns. In Helsinki during day-time the main negative ambient small ions were inorganic acids and their clusters. The positive ions were more complex, the main compounds were (poly)alkyl pyridines and – amines. The APi-TOF provides a near universal interface for atmospheric pressure sampling, and this key feature will be utilized in future laboratory and field studies.
Average SEP and BEP Analysis of Transmit Beamforming for MISO Systems with Imperfect Feedback and M-PSK Constellation (2007)

We analyze the performance of transmit beamforming on multiple-antenna Rayleigh fading channels with imperfect channel feedback. The feedback imperfections are characterized by noisy channel estimation, feedback delay, and finite rate channel quantization. We develop a general framework, valid for an arbitrary two-dimensional linear modulation, that captures the aforementioned imperfections, and derive the average symbol and bit error probability expressions for M- PSK constellation. We show that the proposed analytical formulation is valid for frequency-domain duplexing system with/without finite rate channel quantization and time-domain duplexing system. The simulation results show accurate agreement with the analytical expressions.
GIS based Urban Water Distribution Network Analysis: A Case Study in Kochi, India (2022)

Water distribution systems are one of the critical infrastructures of urban communities. Uneven water distribution can cause intermittent and inadequate water supply to the urban population. Therefore, it is imperative to study the uneven water distribution for the water demand of the urban community (SDG6). In this work, a GIS-based model is developed to characterize the demand-supply variations of an Urban community. As the case study, this paper presents the modeling and digitization of a real-world water distribution network in Kochi, India. QGIS is the network modeling platform with the QGISRed plugin, which relays on EPANET. A geo-referenced water distribution network map is used to model the network accurately. The base demand for each junction has been identified using GIS algorithms for the modeled real water network. Results show that the simulator has been able to elicit the characteristic of the water network and accurately quantify the parameter metrics as per the real-world scenario. The 24-hour extended EPANET simulation identifies the critical areas of Edakochi, where the water distribution network has very low or negative pressure. The paper also proposes three strategies for rectifying uneven water distribution, such as increasing the input volume of water supply, an additional water connection from another water resource, and introducing an overhead tank in the study area. Results show that all these three methods can enhance the water supply and mitigate the low-pressure points in the modeled water network
Monitoring Volcanic Activity with High Sensitive Infrasound Sensor Using a Piezoresistive Cantilever (2019)

In this paper, we propose a high sensitive monitoring method of infrasound evoked by a volcano eruption. The sensor unit is composed of two differential pressure sensors and an air chamber. The pressure resolution of the developed sensor is approximately 0.01 Pa, which is sufficiently small to detect the tiny infrasound. The measurable frequency range is from 0.3 Hz, which is sufficiently low for the infrasound. The sensor units were set at the foot of volcano, Sakurajima, Kagoshima, Japan. It was confirmed that the sensors kept the high sensitive monitoring performance for a month.
The association between HSD3B1 genotype and steroid metabolism in normal and prostate cancer (PCa) tissue. (2018)

TPS155 Background: The common germline variant HSD3B1(1245C) encodes for a gain-of-function in 3βHSD1 which is associated with a shorter duration of response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and more rapid disease progression to castration resistant PCa (CRPC) as shown previously in 5 independent cohorts. Therefore, evaluating the effect of such genotype variation on the level of steroid metabolites and the intratumoral dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentration in benign and tumor tissue of men on ADT is of significant importance. We hypothesize that patients with homozygous HSD3B1 (1245C) genotype (HZ) will have a sustained androgen synthesis from extragonadal precursor steroids and higher concentrations of DHT compared to patients with wild-type HSD3B1 (1245A) (WT) inheritance in the context of testosterone suppression. In addition, it is expected that heterozygous HSD3B1 (1245C) patients (HTZ) will have intermediate levels of DHT. We also hypothesize that treatment with androgen receptor (AR) antagonist (apalutamide) will reverse the effects of elevated DHT on AR signaling in benign and malignant prostate tissue. Methods: In this Phase II trial (NCT02770391), men with newly diagnosed intermediate or high-risk PCa (GS ≥ 4+3, ≥cT2b, or PSA ≥ 10) who are scheduled to undergo radical prostatectomy (RP) will be enrolled into 3 groups based on their HSD3B1 genotype. All pts will receive one dose of 7.5 mg leuprolide injection and apalutamide 240 mg/day orally for 28 ± 3 days prior to RP. DHT and 7 other androgens (including testosterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Androstenedione) will be evaluated in the normal and malignant prostate tissue as well as serum samples obtained at the time of RP. AR regulated genes expression (including PSA, FKBP5, TMPRSS2) will be compared across 3 genotypes. A sample size of 57 pts (WT = 30, HTZ = 15, HZ = 12) will allow a statistical power of &gt; 80% (with two-sided α = 0.05) to detect a 4-fold trend in DHT concentrations in the resected prostate tissue (primary endpoint) as well as similar trend in other androgens (secondary endpoint). As of Oct 2017, 16 of planned 57 pts have been enrolled. Clinical trial information: NCT02770391.
Characterization of the phenylurea hydrolases A and B: founding members of a novel amidohydrolase subgroup (2008)

Mycobacterium brisbanense strain JK1, a bacterium capable of degrading the herbicide diuron, was isolated from herbicide-exposed soil. A gene/enzyme system with diuron hydrolase activity was isolated from this strain and named PUH (phenylurea hydrolase) B (puhB/PuhB) because of its close similarity to the previously characterized PUH A (puhA/PuhA). Both PUHs were heterologously expressed, purified and characterized. The PUHs were found to oligomerize as hexamers in solution, with each monomer containing a mononuclear Zn2+ active site. Sequence analysis showed that these enzymes belong to the metal-dependent amidohydrolase superfamily, although they contain a hitherto unreported Asn-X-His metal-binding motif and appear to form a novel sub-group within this superfamily. The effects of temperature and solvent on the enzymes were characterized. Determination of the kinetic parameters of the PUHs was used alongside Brønsted plots to develop a plausible catalytic mechanism, which is similar to that used by urease. In addition to the primary PUH activity, both enzymes are catalytically promiscuous, efficiently hydrolysing esters, carbamates and phosphotriesters. In fact, an analogue of diuron, in which the C-N bond was replaced by a C-O bond, was found to be turned over as efficiently as diuron, suggesting that the substrate specificity is predominantly determined by steric factors. The discovery of PuhA and PuhB on separate continents, and the absence of any other close homologues in the available sequence databases, poses a challenging question regarding the evolutionary origins of these enzymes.