gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of Open-Air Processing to Enable Perovskite Solar Cell Manufacturing (2021)

We report high throughput open-air processing techniques for the scalable production of all device and barrier layers for perovskite photovoltaics (PV). This work discusses and resolves some of the most formidable barriers to module-level scaling that the perovskite community has been facing. Our advanced technoeconomic manufacturing analysis indicates that vacuum-based processes with high capital expenditures (CapEx) and low throughputs dominate the cost of production. Open-air fabrication methods offer low CapEx routes to manufacturing, but achieving reproducibility in ambient conditions with varying relative humidity has been a persistent challenge. The use of rapid processing methods with plasma curing to convert films from the solution-state enables reproducibility, moisture immunity, and the highest perovskite PV efficiency produced in open-air. These methods are readily translatable to in-line processing where layers are sequentially deposited without the need for lengthy post-annealing steps that reduce throughput and involve additional equipment. Significant progress is demonstrated in reduced manufacturing costs as perovskites contend as a commercially viable next-generation thin film PV technology.
Public awareness, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding the role of pharmacists as immunizers (2021)

Vaccine coverage is below desired levels in Canada, despite National Advisory Committee on Immunization recommendations. One solution to improve coverage is to offer vaccines in pharmacies. We explore the awareness, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of the general public in four communities in Nova Scotia (NS) and New Brunswick (NB) about the changing role of pharmacists as immunizers. Adult members of the public were invited to complete an online survey through advertisements in print and online, and through e-mail lists at local universities. Immunization status among participants (n = 985) varied across vaccines with slightly more than one-half of the participants (51.8%) reporting receipt of a seasonal influenza vaccine last year, 38.0% reporting receipt of the meningococcal C or ACWY vaccine, and 77.7% reporting receipt of the pertussis vaccine. Despite variable self-reported receipt of vaccines, the pervasive belief that participants were not at risk of getting vaccine-preventable diseases, and a lack of awareness about which vaccines are recommended for adults, participants in this study held vaccine-positive beliefs. Participants, especially those who had previously been vaccinated in a pharmacy (39.0%), were supportive of the inclusion of pharmacists as immunizers although nearly one-half of the participants would feel more comfortable getting vaccinated by a pharmacist if another practitioner recommended it to them. While cost threatens to be a barrier to pharmacists as immunizers, this study suggests that they are well-positioned to improve vaccine coverage and to communicate recommendations and other vaccine-related information to the public.
Soil chemical and microbiological properties affected by land use, management, and time since deforestations and crop establishment: The case of wheat (not irrigated) and cotton (irrigated) fields in Filyria, Kilkis, Greece (2016)

RESUMEN 14 principalmente, y el limo en menor medida preservan los contenidos de estos elementos en los suelos.
Evaluation of (2S, 4R)- and (2S, 4S)-4[18F]Fluoro-L-glutamine as tumor metabolic imaging agents (2011)

Contrary to best practice, there is continued reliance on the use of unclaimed bodies to support anatomy education in the two Zimbabwean medical schools. Improving the ethical sourcing of bodies requires increased efforts to educate all Zimbabweans, especially the black majority, about the role and importance of voluntary body donation in medical education. Additionally, well-structured, and well-resourced body donation programs could enhance ethical procurement.
Expression of the human urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor in E. coli and Chinese hamster ovary cells: Purification of the recombinant proteins and generation of polyclonal antibodies in chicken (1995)

The receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPAR) may contribute to the invasive and metastatic capacity of tumor cells by focusing the serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) to the cell surface. uPA activates plasminogen to plasmin which in turn degrades extracellular matrix proteins or activates other proteases. Mature uPAR is a heavily glycosylated protein of about 284 amino acids attached to the plasma membrane via a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. A set of different polyclonal uPAR antibodies has been generated in order to investigate the role of uPAR in tumor spreading in more detail. For this purpose, uPAR (lacking the GPI anchor) was expressed in E. coli and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Recombinant uPAR from E. coli (corresponding to amino acids 1-284 of human uPAR) was expressed with an N-terminal histidine-tag insertion and purified by nickel chelate affinity chromatography. Soluble uPAR, synthesized by CHO cells (corresponding to amino acids 1-277 of human uPAR), was isolated by ligand (uPA) affinity chromatography. Expression in E. coli led to a nonglycosylated form of uPAR, whereas uPAR produced by CHO cells seemed to be glycosylated to a similar extent as the naturally occurring human form of uPAR (as analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Prior to immunization the N-termini of the recombinant uPAR variants were determined by amino acid sequence analysis. Polyclonal antibodies were generated in chickens and purified from egg yolk. The reaction patterns of these antibodies were analyzed by Western blot analyses and flow cytofluorometry.
Comparison of Carbon-Based Nano Materials as Conductive Fillers for Single Layer Microwave Absorber (2007)

In this paper, we have studied the permittivities of E-glass fabric/epoxy composite laminates containing three different types of carbon-based nano conductive fillers such as carbon black (CB), carbon nano fiber (CNF) and multi-wall carbon nano tube (MWNT). The measurements were performed for permittivities at the frequency band of 0.5 GHz ~ 18.0 GHz using a vector network analyzer with a 7 mm coaxial air line. The experimental results show that the complex permittivities of the composites depend strongly on the natures and concentrations of the conductive fillers. The real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivities of the composites were proportional to the filler concentrations. But, depending on the types of fillers and frequency band, the increasing rates of the real and imaginary parts with respect to the filler concentrations were all different. At the frequency of 10 GHz, the rates in the CNF filled composite and the MWNT filled composite were much larger then those of the CB filled composite. Between the CNF filled composite and MWNT filled composite, however, the former showed a little higher increasing rates than the other. These different rates can have great effect on the thickness in designing the single layer microwave absorbers. The effect of the different rates was examined by using Cole-Cole plots; the plot is composed of a single layer absorber solution line and permittivity lines of these three types of composites.
Educational resources (2009)

Abstract Chapter 31 discusses educational resources, including introductory education: theory and practical training, practical experience, learning environment, assessment of learning, CRRT champion, competency and ongoing education, and online educational resources.
Optimal Design and Rehabilitation of Water Distribution Systems (2000)

Computer models are vital for the evaluation and management of hydraulic infrastructure systems. This paper describes the development of an efficient computer optimization software system, called H2ONET Designer, for use in obtaining the least-cost design and rehabilitation of municipal water distribution piping systems. The software system links an object-oriented hydraulic network solver and an optimization model in a fully integrated graphical mapping and database management environment to provide an effective computer aided decision-support tool for water engineers. The optimization model is based on a variation of the genetic algorithm employing a global search strategy and delivering reliable solutions in sub-quadratic times. Least cost design and improvement solutions are chosen to satisfy designated performance constraints on the network hydraulics for any given range of demand loading and operating conditions. Network improvements can include cleaning, cleaning and lining, pipe expansion, and/or installing new pipes (as constant diameter pipes or split pipes of differing diameter) that can either parallel or replace existing pipes. The constraint set prescribes minimum bounds on node pressures and maximum bounds on pipe velocities and hydraulic gradients that are allowed in the system. Comparisons with published results show improved performance, rapid convergence, and applicability to large-scale water distribution systems. Enhancement of water distribution infrastructure planning and management is a principal benefit of the proposed software system.
Nonuniform catalyst distribution for inorganic membrane reactors: Theoretical considerations and preparation techniques (1994)

The performance characteristics of an inert membrane reactor with catalyst on the feed side (IMRCF), a catalytic membrane reactor (CMR), and a fixed-bed reactor (FBR) are compared for uniform and Dirac-type catalyst distributions for the case of a first-order reversible reaction under isothermal conditions. It is demonstrated that for all three reactor types, a Dirac delta distribution of catalyst, located at the external surface (feed side) in either the membrane (CMR) or the pellet (IMRCF and FBR) gives superior performance as compared to the uniformly distributed case. In addition, for the IMRCF, the case of an arbitrary number of reactions following arbitrary kinetics under steady-state nonisothermal conditions, with finite external mass and heat transfer resistances for both the pellet and the inert membrane, is considered. It is shown analytically that in the realistic case where the local catalyst loading is bounded, the optimal distribution of catalyst is in general a multiple step function. As the bound increases, the step function approaches a Dirac delta distribution. Novel preparation techniques for supported thin metal composite membranes for IMRCF applications and inorganic membranes with nonuniform distribution of catalyst for CMRs are also described. The first technique employs electroless plating along with osmotic pressure to yield supported thin membranes of controlled microstructure, porosity and thickness. The preparation of silver films deposited on commercial alumina membrane is presented as an example. Heat treatment in oxygen demonstrates that Ag/alumina membranes thus prepared are thermally more stable than similar membranes prepared using standard electroless plating procedures. In the second technique, using sequential slip-casting of inert and platinum impregnated alumina sols, precise control of the catalyst layer thickness and location within the alumina membrane is obtained.
Excimer Laser Coronary Angioplasty: The New Approaches to Coronary Intervention (NACI) Experience (1997)

In the New Approaches to Coronary Intervention (NACI) registry, 887 patients were electively treated with excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) for coronary artery disease. The Advanced Interventional System (AIS) system was used in 487 cases; the Spectranetics system, in 400. The mean age was 63.4 years. Most patients had unstable angina (60.3%); 43.7% had a prior myocardial infarction; and 18.6% were high risk or inoperable patients. Mean ejection fraction was 55.4%. A total of 1,000 lesions were treated in the 887 patients. Of the 1,000 lesions treated with ELCA in the 887 patients, 36% were in the right coronary artery; 33%, left anterior descending; 13%, circumflex; 3%, left main; and 16.6%, vein graft. By angiographic core laboratory analysis available for 752 (85%) patients with 839 lesions, lesions were 12.76 mm long. The minimum lumen diameter increased to 1.29 mm after the laser and finally to 1.95 mm after adjunctive percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) (which was performed in 93% of all lesions), with a final residual stenosis of 32.1% and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow in 95%. Dissections of grades B, C, or D were seen after 22.0% of initial laser attempts, and postlaser perforations were noted in 2.6%. Additional such dissections accumulated after adjunctive PTCA but the perforation rate remained low. Procedural success was achieved in 84% of patients, but 1.2% died, 0.7% experienced Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI), and 2.7% required emergency bypass surgery. Multiple logistic regression analysis could not identify any independent predictors of these in-hospital complications. One-year mortality was 5.7% and the cumulative incidence of Q-wave MI was 1.5%. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery was performed in 15.0% of patients whereas 25.5% required repeat percutaneous intervention with a target lesion revascularization rate of 31%. Independent predictors of death, Q-wave MI, or target lesion revascularization (which, combined, occurred in 35.6% of patients) were the absence of prior MI, ELCA in the circumflex, perforation after the procedure, and small (<2 mm) final minimal lumen diameter. Considering the large number of patients with high-risk lesions, laser angioplasty was performed with excellent procedural success rates and a reasonable incidence of major complications.
A FrameworkforanEnd-to-End Secure Wireless SmartHomeSystem (2008)

This paper describes acomplete framework foranend- Thehomeownerortheperson withauthorized access uses to-end smarthomemonitoring andcontrol system.The theexternal network tomonitor thehomeremotely. The communication withallcomponents ofthesystem isdoneusing a external network canbeoneof3types: ahigh-level network variety ofwireless technologies. Thesystem incorporates security suchastheInternet, awired network, orawireless network features atbothendsthat prevent unauthorized access aswell as suchasGSM/GPRSandWiMAX (2,7) Thegateway isthe assign privileges totheusers. Thecomplete prototype smarthome system wasimplemented anditsupports three mainservices: point ofcommunication interface betweentheexternal monitoring thestatus ofdevices, controlling their settings throughnetwork andtheinternal network. Itisusually acomputer configurations that aredevice dependent, andperiodic notification serverora processor withinterfacing devices toboth ofthestatus ofdevices. Theprototype system hasa modularnetworks. Thehomedevices areconnected viaalocal network structure that enables theincorporation ofadditional components whichmay be wiredor wireless. The wireless LAN andservices. technologies usedatpresent areeither Bluetooth orWiFi. The services maybeprogrammed ontheserver orhardwired on Keywords- Wireless, Communication, Secure, Smart, Home thedevices' controller. TheFSHconcept wasintroduced toprovide flexible and I.
Un nouveau modèle murin immunocompétent pour l’étude de l’infection par le virus de l’hépatite D (2017)

Hépatite D, le virus et la maladieL'organisation génétique du virus de l'hépatite D (VHD) est la plus simple de celles des virus infectant l'homme.Il s'agit d'un virus doublement défectif, qui utilise les ARN polymérases dépendantes de l'ADN de la cellule hôte pour la réplication de son ARN, et les protéines d'enveloppe de son virus auxiliaire, le virus de l'hépatite B (VHB), pour sa propagation intraet inter-individus.Son ARN, circulaire et simple brin, contient un seul cadre ouvert de lecture qui code l'antigène delta (HDAg).Cette protéine, qui ne possède pas d'activité enzymatique, existe sous deux isoformes : petite ou S-HDAg -nécessaire à la réplication du génome -et grande ou L-HDAg -impliquée dans l'empaquetage de la ribonucléoprotéine virale dans les virions [1].Parmi les 240 millions de porteurs chroniques du virus de l'hépatite B au niveau mondial, on estime que 15 à 20 millions sont également infectés par le virus de l'hépatite D. Cette double infection, appelée hépatite D ou delta, est considérée comme la forme la plus agressive d'hépatite virale chronique, avec une progression plus rapide vers la fibrose et la cirrhose, et un risque augmenté de carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC), en comparaison avec une mono-infection chronique par le VHB [1].Malgré cette évolution agressive de la maladie et sa pertinence clinique, nos connaissances des mécanismes moléculaires et immunologiques de la pathogenèse induite par la co-infection chronique restent limitées.Ceci s'explique en grande partie par l'absence de modèles expérimentaux d'infection, notamment chez de petits animaux.En effet, le VHB ainsi que le VHD ont un tropisme limité aux hépatocytes humains et donc une sélectivité d'hôte importante.
Building Blocks for n‐Type Organic Electronics: Regiochemically Modulated Inversion of Majority Carrier Sign in Perfluoroarene‐Modified Polythiophene Semiconductors (2003)

Der Einfluss von Perfluoraren-Gruppen auf die Moleküleigenschaften wurde anhand einer neuen Familie modifizierter leitfähiger Thiophene 1–3 für die Verwendung in Dünnfilmtransistoren untersucht. 1 ist ein n-Halbleiter mit einer Mobilität von ca. 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1, 2 und 3 sind p-Halbleiter. Die Halbleitungseigenschaften sind demnach nicht nur von den HOMO- und LUMO-Energien in Lösungen und Filmen abhängig.
Development of a Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) Engine (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In previous work, Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) has demonstrated good potential for high fuel efficiency, low NOx, and low PM over the speed-load range using RON91 gasoline. In the current work, a four-cylinder, 1.8L engine was designed and built based on extensive simulations and single-cylinder engine tests. The engine features a pent roof combustion chamber, central-mounted injector, 15:1 compression ratio, and zero swirl and squish. A new piston was developed and matched with the injection system. The fuel injection, valvetrain, and boost systems were key technology enablers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Engine dynamometer tests were conducted at idle, part-load, and full-load operating conditions. For all operating conditions, the engine was operated with partially premixed compression ignition without mode switching or diffusion controlled combustion. At idle and low load, rebreathing of hot exhaust gases provided stable combustion with NOx and PM emissions below targets of 0.2g/kWh and FSN 0.1, respectively. The coefficient of variation of IMEP was less than 3 percent and the exhaust temperature at turbocharger inlet was greater than 250 C. BSFC of 280 g/kWh was measured at 2000 rpm-2bar BMEP. At medium-to-higher loads, rebreathing was not used and cooled EGR provided NOx, PM, and combustion noise below targets. MAP was reduced to minimize boost parasitics. At full load operating conditions, near stoichiometric mixtures were used with up to 45 percent EGR. Maximum BMEP was about 20 bar at 3000 rpm. For all operating conditions, injection quantities and timings were used to control mixture stratificaton and combustion phasing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Transient co-simulations of the engine system were conducted to develop control strategies for boost, EGR, and intake air temperature control. Preliminary transient tests on a real engine with high rate of load increase demonstrated potential for very good control. Cold start simulations were also conducted using an intake air heating strategy. Preliminary cold start tests on a real engine at room temperature demonstrated potential for very good cold starting. More work is needed to calibrate the engine over the full operating map and to further develop the engine control system.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
CS1: A Potential New Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. (2006)

Abstract Background: To identify genes upregulated in human memory B and plasma cells, naïve B cell cDNA was subtracted from plasma cell and memory B cell cDNA. One gene that was highly expressed in plasma cells encodes CS1 (CD2 subset 1, CRACC, SLAMF7), a cell surface glycoprotein of the CD2 family. CS1 was originally identified as a natural killer (NK) cell marker. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for CS1 were used to validate CS1 as a potential target for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Methods: Anti-CS1 mAbs were generated by immunizing mice with a protein comprising of the extracellular domain of CS1. Two clones, MuLuc63 and MuLuc90, were selected to characterize CS1 protein expression in normal and diseased tissues and blood. Fresh frozen tissue analysis was performed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Blood and bone marrow analysis was performed using flow cytometry with directly conjugated antibodies. HuLuc63, a novel humanized anti-CS1 mAb (derived from MuLuc63) was used for functional characterization in non-isotopic LDH-based antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. Results: IHC analysis showed that anti-CS1 staining occurred only on mononuclear cells within tissues. The majority of the mononuclear cells were identified as tissue plasma cells by co-staining with anti-CD138 antibodies. No anti-CS1 staining was detected on the epithelia, smooth muscle cells or vessels of any normal tissues tested. Strong anti-CS1 staining was also observed on myeloma cells in 9 of 9 plasmacytomas tested. Flow cytometry analysis of whole blood from both normal healthy donors and MM patients showed specific anti-CS1 staining in a subset of leukocytes, consisting primarily of CD3−CD(16+56)+ NK cells, CD3+CD(16+56)+ NKT cells, and CD3+CD8+ T cells. Flow cytometry of MM bone marrow showed a similar leukocyte subset staining pattern, except that strong staining was also observed on the majority of CD138+CD45−/dim to + myeloma cells. No anti-CS1 binding was detected to hematopoietic CD34+CD45+ stem cells. To test if antibodies towards CS1 may have anti-tumor cell activity in vitro, ADCC studies using effector cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) from 23 MM patients and L363 MM target cells were performed. The results showed that HuLuc63, a humanized form of MuLuc63, induced significant ADCC in a dose dependent manner. Conclusions: Our study identifies CS1 as an antigen that is uniformly expressed on normal and neoplastic plasma cells at high levels. The novel humanized anti-CS1 mAb, HuLuc63, exhibits significant ADCC using MM patient effector cells. These results demonstrate that HuLuc63 could be a potential new treatment for multiple myeloma. HuLuc63 will be entering a phase I clinical study for multiple myeloma.