gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proposed Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Canine Mast Cell Neoplasms: A Consensus Proposal (2021)

Mast cell neoplasms are one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in dogs. The clinical picture, course, and prognosis vary substantially among patients, depending on the anatomic site, grade and stage of the disease. The most frequently involved organ is the skin, followed by hematopoietic organs (lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow) and mucosal sites of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. In cutaneous mast cell tumors, several grading and staging systems have been introduced. However, no comprehensive classification and no widely accepted diagnostic criteria have been proposed to date. To address these open issues and points we organized a Working Conference on canine mast cell neoplasms in Vienna in 2019. The outcomes of this meeting are summarized in this article. The proposed classification includes cutaneous mast cell tumors and their sub-variants defined by grading- and staging results, mucosal mast cell tumors, extracutaneous/extramucosal mast cell tumors without skin involvement, and mast cell leukemia (MCL). For each of these entities, diagnostic criteria are proposed. Moreover, we have refined grading and staging criteria for mast cell neoplasms in dogs based on consensus discussion. The criteria and classification proposed in this article should greatly facilitate diagnostic evaluation and prognostication in dogs with mast cell neoplasms and should thereby support management of these patients in daily practice and the conduct of clinical trials.
Development of spontaneous arthritis in β2-microglobulin-deficient mice without expression of HLA-B27: Association with deficiency of endogenous major histocompatibility complex class I expression (2000)

Class I deficiency is sufficient to cause SA in mice. The frequency of disease, as well as B27-specific SA, is markedly dependent on a non-MHC genetic background. These results suggest that class I deficiency in a genetically susceptible mouse can mimic B27-associated arthropathy.
Effect of Copolymer Composition on Thermodynamic Interactions in Blends Containing a Diene–Olefin Copolymer and a Polyolefin (2020)

Thermodynamic interactions in binary blends of a copolymer containing diene and olefin repeat units and a polyolefin were explored, through measurements of the effective binary Flory–Huggins interaction parameter, χ, and its temperature dependence, using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The first set of blends contained a copolymer of 1,2-polybutadiene (1,2-PBD) and poly(ethyl ethylene) (PEE, i.e., saturated 1,2-PBD or poly(1-butene)) blended with PEE homopolymer. The second set of blends contained a copolymer of 1,4-polyisoprene (1,4-PI) and poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) (PEP, i.e., saturated 1,4-PI) blended with PEP. The measured thermodynamic interactions for these blends were compared with the predictions from the random copolymer theory (RCT), employing the characterized χ parameter for the polydiene/polyolefin pairs (1,2-PBD/PEE and 1,4-PI/PEP). Experimental measurements were in excellent agreement with model predictions, implying that potential issues such as the presence of strong interactions and sequence effects on thermodynamic interactions are relatively unimportant in these model polydiene/polyolefin systems.
DCAF-BERT: A Distilled Cachable Adaptable Factorized Model For Improved Ads CTR Prediction (2022)

In this paper we present a Click-through-rate (CTR) prediction model for product advertisement at Amazon. CTR prediction is challenging because the model needs to a) learn from text and numeric features, b) maintain low-latency at inference time, and c) adapt to a temporal advertisement distribution shift. Our proposed model is DCAF-BERT, a novel lightweight cache-friendly factorized model that consists of twin-structured BERT-like encoders for text with a mechanism for late fusion for tabular and numeric features. The factorization of the model allows for compartmentalised retraining which enables the model to easily adapt to distribution shifts. The twin encoders are carefully trained to leverage historical CTR data, using a large pre-trained language model and cross-architecture knowledge distillation (KD). We empirically find the right combination of pretraining, distillation and fine-tuning strategies for teacher and student which leads to a 1.7% ROC-AUC lift over the previous best model offline. In an online experiment we show that our compartmentalised refresh strategy boosts the CTR of DCAF-BERT by 3.6% on average over the baseline model consistently across a month.
Cucurbit[6]uril Pseudorotaxanes:  Distinctive Gas-Phase Dissociation and Reactivity (2003)

Cucurbit[6]uril forms a doubly charged complex with 1,4-butanediammonium cation that is observed using electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Such 1:1 complexes are not observed for the smaller cucurbit[5]uril, which forms a 2:1 ammonium:cucurbituril complex instead. The 1:1 complex with cucurbit[6]uril is difficult to fragment via collisional activation; when it does fragment, both breakup of the cucurbituril cage and loss of the amine are observed. Further, the complex reacts with tert-butylamine via slow adduction. In contrast, nonrotaxane analogues (such as doubly charged 2:1 complexes of either protonated 1,4-butanediamine or protonated ethylenediamine with cucurbit[6]uril) fragment via easy loss of the intact amine upon collisional activation and react with tert-butylamine via rapid displacement of the original amine. On the basis of stoichiometry, fragmentation behavior, and reactivity, we conclude that the doubly charged complex of cucurbit[6]uril with 1,4-butanediammonium is a gas-phase pseudorotaxane.
Arc-discharge effects on residual stress and refractive index in single-mode optical fibers (2016)

Arc-discharge effects on the residual stress and refractive index in single-mode optical fibers are investigated using a previously developed three-dimensional concurrent stress-index measurement method. Using commercial optical fibers and a commercial fusion splicer, the residual stress and refractive index perturbations caused by weak electrical arc discharges in single-mode fibers were measured. Refractive index changes greater than 10<sup>-4</sup> and longitudinal perturbation lengths of less than 500 μm were shown to be possible. The subsequent prospects for arc-induced long-period fiber gratings are analyzed, and a typical transmission resonance is predicted to have a depth of 56 dB and a bandwidth of 0.08 nm at a wavelength of 1585 nm. The results of this investigation will be useful in modeling device performance and optimization of arc-induced long-period fiber grating fabrication.
Robust and High Spatial Resolution Light Addressable Electrochemistry Using Hematite (α-Fe2O3) Photoanodes (2018)

Light addressable/activated electrochemistry (LAE) has recently attracted attention as it can provide spatially resolved electrochemical information without using pre-patterned electrodes whose sizes and positions are unchangeable. Here, we propose hematite (α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) as the photoanode for LAE, which does not require any sort of surface modification for protection or facilitating charge transfer. As experimentally confirmed with various redox species, hematite is stable enough to be used for repetitive electroanalytical measurements. More importantly, it offers exceptionally high spatial resolution so that the "virtual electrode" is exactly as large as the light spot owing to the short diffusion length of the minority carriers. Quantitative analysis of dopamine in this study shows that the hematite-based photoanode is a promising platform for many potential LAE applications including spatially selective detection of oxidizable biomolecules.
Evaluation of Dual-Structure Key-management Scheme Suitable for Mobile Services (2006)

Copyright protection is a major issue in online content distribution services and many key-management schemes have been proposed for protecting content. Tree-based schemes aim at reducing the load on the server, and do not give consideration to that on clients. This scheme is not fully suitable for devices with low computational capacity. On the other hand, the load on clients is low in a star-based scheme. However, the load on the server becomes large in proportion to the number of clients. This structure is far from scalable. We propose a key-management scheme that is the intermediate scheme of a star-based scheme and a tree-based scheme. Then, we evaluate both the load on the server and clients in key-management scheme using the three structures. We find that the load on server and that on clients in our scheme have a relation of trade-off. We can construct optimal key-management structure satisfying system requirements using our scheme. Furthermore, the loads on both the server and clients in our scheme are lower than tree-based structure scheme under a certain condition.
3D Modelling of Meander Loop Deposits (1999)

Abstract This paper presents a method for modelling in 3D the structure and characteristics of meander-loop deposits, using a variety of techniques.
Figure S1 from Intratumoral G100, a TLR4 Agonist, Induces Antitumor Immune Responses and Tumor Regression in Patients with Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1 depicts the treatment schema for IT G100 in MCC&lt;/p&gt;
Multiterawatt Laser System Based on Ti:A1 sub 2 O sub 3, (1992)

Abstract : Ultrashort duration, high-energy laser pulses have been generated using a titanium-doped-sapphire oscillator and amplifier system. The pulses have an energy of 0.45 Joules with a duration of 95 femtoseconds, and 0.23 Joules with a duration of 60 femtoseconds. We have constructed a titanium-aluminum oxide based laser system which uses chirped pulse amplification (CPA) and multipass amplifiers. Pulses are produced with a peak power of 3 TW, an energy of 0.45 J and a duration of 95 fs. The oscillator is a mode-locked Ti:A12O3 laser pumped by an Argon(+) laser.
Proceedings of better ceramics through chemistry V (1992)

In the absence of intervention, the rate of vertical transmission of HIV can range from 15-45%. With the inclusion of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy and the choice of delivery route this amounts to less than 2%. However ARV use during pregnancy has generated several questions regarding the adverse effects of the gestational and neonatal outcome. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for vertical transmission of HIV-1 seropositive pregnant women living in Rio Grande and the influence of the use of ARVs in pregnancy outcome. Among the 262 pregnant women studied the rate of vertical transmission of HIV was found to be 3.8%. Regarding the VT, there was a lower risk of transmission when antiretroviral drugs were used and prenatal care was conducted at the referral service. However, the use of ART did not influence the outcome of pregnancy. However, initiation of prenatal care after the first trimester had an influence on low birth weight, as well as performance of less than six visits increased the risk of prematurity. Therefore, the risk factors analyzed in this study appear to be related to the realization of inadequate pre-natal and maternal behavior.
1,2:3,4-Di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-tagatofuranose (2005)

The crystal structure of diacetone tagatose, C12H20O6, establishes the stereochemistry of the anomeric spiro­acetal as 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropyl­idene-α-d-tagatofuran­ose. Mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds [O⋯O = 2.862 (2) Å] to form chains running parallel to the b axis.
How blood brain barrier is breached in a mouse model of INCL (2010)

Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL), a devastating neurodegenerative storage disorder of childhood, is caused by mutations in the palmitoyl‐protein thioesterase‐1 ( Ppt1 ) gene. Using a mouse model of INCL, Ppt1 ‐knockout ( Ppt1 ‐KO) mice, we recently reported elevated levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as MCP1, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNFα. Since many of these parameters are associated with disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB), we sought to determine: ( a ) whether BBB is disrupted in the Ppt1 ‐KO mice and if so, ( b ) what might be the molecular mechanism(s). Magnetic Resonance Imaging results showed that while in the 6‐month old Ppt1 ‐KO mice gadolinium (Gd, a contrast medium) readily infiltrated the brain parenchyma, such infiltration was not detectable in the WT mice indicating the BBB disruption in the Ppt1 ‐KO mice. We also found decreased levels of various tight‐junction proteins in the brain tissues of the Ppt1 ‐KO mice. A significantly higher level of IL‐17 as well as T H 17 positive cells were found in the brain of the Ppt1 ‐KO mice. Moreover, the levels of activated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which adversely affect the BBB, are significantly higher in the Ppt1 ‐KO mouse brain. Treatment of cultured glial cells with IL‐17 in vitro appears to stimulate MMPs expression. We propose that T H 17‐mediated activation of matrix metalloproteinases disrupts the BBB contributing to INCL pathogenesis.
Cytotoxicity of Quantum Dots Used for In Vitro Cellular Labeling: Role of QD Surface Ligand, Delivery Modality, Cell Type, and Direct Comparison to Organic Fluorophores (2013)

Interest in taking advantage of the unique spectral properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) has driven their widespread use in biological applications such as in vitro cellular labeling/imaging and sensing. Despite their demonstrated utility, concerns over the potential toxic effects of QD core materials on cellular proliferation and homeostasis have persisted, leaving in question the suitability of QDs as alternatives for more traditional fluorescent materials (e.g., organic dyes, fluorescent proteins) for in vitro cellular applications. Surprisingly, direct comparative studies examining the cytotoxic potential of QDs versus these more traditional cellular labeling fluorophores remain limited. Here, using CdSe/ZnS (core/shell) QDs as a prototypical assay material, we present a comprehensive study in which we characterize the influence of QD dose (concentration and incubation time), QD surface capping ligand, and delivery modality (peptide or cationic amphiphile transfection reagent) on cellular viability in three human cell lines representing various morphological lineages (epithelial, endothelial, monocytic). We further compare the effects of QD cellular labeling on cellular proliferation relative to those associated with a panel of traditionally employed organic cell labeling fluorophores that span a broad spectral range. Our results demonstrate the important role played by QD dose, capping ligand structure, and delivery agent in modulating cellular toxicity. Further, the results show that at the concentrations and time regimes required for robust QD-based cellular labeling, the impact of our in-house synthesized QD materials on cellular proliferation is comparable to that of six commercial cell labeling fluorophores. Cumulatively, our results demonstrate that the proper tuning of QD dose, surface ligand, and delivery modality can provide robust in vitro cell labeling reagents that exhibit minimal impact on cellular viability.
High sensitivity, high resolution physical mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridization on to individual straightened DNA molecules (1996)

High resolution physical mapping of clonal DNA fragments with kilobase (kb) resolution can now be performed rapidly by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) onto individual DNA molecules (DNA fibers). We developed a sensitive procedure termed ‘quantitative DNA fiber mapping’ which consists of three steps: preparation of DNA fibers, hybridization of non-isotopically labeled probes and determination of the relative mapping position by fluorescence image analysis. The DNA fibers are produced by binding linearized DNA molecules with one or both ends to a solid substrate followed by homogeneous stretching of the molecule by the action of a receding meniscus during drying (‘molecular combing’). In a slight variation of this protocol, we deposit circular DNA molecules. Substrates for DNA immobilization are glass slides, coverslips or thin sheets of mica derivatized with amino-silane. Probes are prepared to counterstain the DNA fibers, from the clones to be mapped and for specific landmarks along linear or circular DNA molecules such as cloning vector sequences. Following hybridization and immunocytochemical detection of bound probes, images are analysed and relative distances are recorded for map assembly. Here, we describe our experience with substrate preparation, molecular combing and mapping of cloned or enzymatically synthesized probes ranging in size from 1.2 kb to 100 kb along DNA molecules that are between 17 kb and 1200 kb in size.
Time-Varying MIMO Channels: Parametric Statistical Modeling and Experimental Results (2007)

Accurate characterization of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels is an important prerequisite for the design of multiantenna wireless-communication systems. In this paper, a single-bounce two-ring statistical model for the time-varying MIMO flat fading channels is proposed. In the model, both the base and mobile stations are surrounded by their own ring of scatterers. For the proposed model, a closed-form expression for the spatio-temporal cross-correlational function between any two subchannels is derived, assuming single-bounce scattering. The new analytical expression includes several key physical parameters of interest such as the mean angle-of-departure, the mean angle-of-arrival, the associated angle spreads, and the Doppler spread in a compact form. The model includes many existing correlation models as special cases. Its utility is demonstrated by a comparison with collected MIMO data in terms of the spatio-temporal correlations, level crossing rate, average fade duration, and the instantaneous mutual information.
A delay in membrane fusion: lag times observed by fluorescence microscopy of individual fusion events induced by an electric field pulse (1990)

Low light level video microscopy of the fusion of DiI- (1,1'-dihexadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate) labeled rabbit erythrocyte ghosts with unlabeled rabbit erythrocyte ghosts, held in stable apposition by dielectrophoresis in sodium phosphate buffers, showed reproducible time intervals (delays) between the application of a single fusogenic electric pulse and the earliest detection of fluorescence in the unlabeled adjacent membranes. The delay increased over the range 0.3-4 s with a decrease in (i) the electric field strength of the fusion-inducing pulse from 1000 to 250 V/mm, (ii) the decay half-time of the fusogenic pulse in the range 1.8-0.073 ms, and (iii) the dielectrophoretic force which brings the membranes into close apposition. A change in the buffer viscosity from 1.8 to 10 mP.s caused the delay to increase from 0.36 to 3.7 s (in glycerol solutions) or to 5.2 s (in sucrose solutions). The delay decreased 2-3 times with an increase in temperature from 21 to 37 degrees C. It did not differ significantly for "white" ghosts [0.013 mM hemoglobin (Hb)] or "red" ghosts (0.15 mM Hb) or buffer strength over the range 5-60 mM (sodium phosphate, pH 8.5). The calculated activation energy, 17 kcal/mol, does not depend on the field strength. The yield of fused cells was high when the delay was short. The delay in electrofusion resembles the delays in pH-dependent fusion of vesicular stomatitis viruses with erythrocyte ghosts [Clague, M. J., Schoch, C., Zech, L., & Blumenthal, R. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 1303-1308] and of fibroblasts expressing influenza hemagglutinin and red blood cells [Morris, S. J., Sarkar, D.P., White, J. M., & Blumenthal, R. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 3972-3978].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthesis of (2‐Arylindol‐3‐yl)acetamides as Probes of Mitochondrial Steroidogenesis—A New Mechanism for GABAA Receptor Modulation (1992)

High affinity and selectivity for mitochondrial DBI receptors characterize indolylacetamides 1. These compounds stimulate the production of neurosteroids in glial cells allowing possible indirect modulation of the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor complex. In behavioral experiments with rats, 1a was found to have antineophobic action, that is, it reduces the fear of novelty.
Colloidal synthesis of monodisperse luminescent InP nanocrystals (2003)

Luminescent InP nanocrystals were prepared by organometallic approaches using long chain alkylamines, trioctylphosphine and trioctylphosphine oxide as stabilizing and size regulating agents. The nanocrystals were characterized by powder XRD, synchrotron XPS, HRTEM, absorption and luminescence spectroscopy. Nearly monodisperse fractions of InP nanocrystals were isolated by the size-selective precipitation technique. As prepared, InP nanocrystals exhibit very poor photoluminescent properties, however, their PL efficiency can be drastically enhanced by photoetching of the nanoparticle surface with certain fluorine compounds. A new technique of controllable size-selective photoetching of colloidal nanoparticles allowed the preparation of nearly monodisperse fractions of InP nanocrystals with room temperature PL quantum yields of 25-40%. The PL band was tunable from green to near-IR with increasing particle size.
Perspectives of crystal engineering (1998)

“Is Materials Science going soft?” This question is raised by George Marsh in the first issue of Materials Today and certainly deserves further consideration. Crystal Engineering, one of these ‘soft’ areas in materials science, has recently been emerging as a major cross-disciplinary field of basic and applied inquiry.
The two FIGO systems for normal and abnormal uterine bleeding symptoms and classification of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years: 2018 revisions (2018)

To a large extent, the process has been an iterative one involving the FIGO Menstrual Disorders Committee, as well as a number of invited contributions from epidemiologists, gynecologists, and other experts in the field from around the world between 2012 and 2017. Face-to-face meetings have been held in Rome, Vancouver, and Singapore, and have been augmented by a number of teleconferences and other communications designed to evaluate various aspects of the systems. Where substantial change was considered, anonymous voting, in some instances using a modified RAND Delphi technique, was utilized.
Speed-curvature relation for a discrete model of excitable media (2002)

The authors derive expressions for the dependence of propagation speed on wavefront curvature directly from the excitation rules for a discrete model of an excitable medium in the limiting case of no recovery. This allows the authors to find the plane wave speed, critical curvature, and effective diffusion constant of the medium. Reproduction of these features is essential for modeling reentrant arrhythmias in the heart.