gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Doppler optical coherence tomography and co-registered autofluorescence imaging of peripheral lung cancer (2015)

Diagnosis of peripheral lung nodules is challenging because they are rarely visualized endobronchially. Imaging techniques such as endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) are employed to improve tumor localization. The current EBUS probe provides limited nodule characterization and has an outer diameter of 1.4 mm that restricts access to small peripheral airways. We report a novel co-registered autofluoresence Doppler optical coherence tomography (AF/DOCT) system with a 0.9 mm diameter probe to characterize peripheral lung nodules prior to biopsy in vivo. Method: Patients referred for evaluation of peripheral lung nodules underwent bronchoscopy with examination of standard EBUS and the novel AF/DOCT system. The lesion of interest was first identified with EBUS and then imaged with the AF/DOCT system. The abnormal area was biopsied. AF/DOCT images of pathology proved lung malignancies were reviewed by a panel of a pathologist, respirologists, and AF/DOCT experts. Results: Eleven patients with biopsy proven lung cancer underwent examination with AF/DOCT. The majority of the cancers were adenocarcinoma. AF/DOCT images were obtained in all patients. There were no complications to the procedures. Lung abnormalities visualized in AF/ OCT images were observed in 11 cases. In one case large blood vessels were identified and biopsy was avoided. Conclusion: In this pilot study, AF/DOCT obtained high quality images of peripheral pulmonary nodules. The present study supports the safety and feasibility of AF/DOCT for the evaluation of lung cancer. The addition of Doppler information may improve biopsy site selection and reduce hemorrhage.
Aqua(1,10-phenanthroline)(L-serinato)copper(II) Nitrate (1995)

The unit cell of the title complex, [Cu(C3H6NO3)-(C12HsN2)(H20)]NO3, contains two nitrate anions and two complex cations, each with two chiral centers, one in the serine molecule and the other at the Cu ion. Each Cu ion displays slightly distorted square-pyramidal coordination, with the water molecule in the apical position and the base defined by the aliphatic N atom and one of the O atoms from the aminocarboxylate ligand and the two N atoms from the phenanthroline molecule. The relative position of the apical water molecule generates the chiral center at the Cu ion. In both molecules, the five-membered chelate ring defined by atoms N 1, C 12, C 11, N2 and Cu is roughly planar, while the ring defined by atoms N3, C13, C14, O1 and Cu has a distorted half-chair conformation.
Integrating Multiredox Centers into One Framework for High-Performance Organic Li-Ion Battery Cathodes (2019)

Organic cathode materials are promising for developing high-energy and high-power Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the energy storage of most organic cathodes relies on the electron transfer of a single type of functional group, leading to either a low redox potential or a low capacity. Here we propose a new strategy for the structure design and performance optimization of organic materials. A new organic cathode, dithianon (DTN), containing three functional groups (−S–, C═O, C≡N) in one framework, is reported. The −S– group increases the redox potential to 3.0 V, while C═O and C≡N groups enable a three Li-ions-involved redox reaction. As a cathode, DTN delivers 270.2 mAh g–1 at 0.5C for 300 cycles. Even at 5C, it still retains 161.5 mAh g–1 after 1000 cycles. The high-capacity, high-power, and stable DTN cathode offers great promise for high-performance and sustainable LIBs.
Spatio-temporal EEG source localization using simulated annealing (1997)

The estimation of multiple dipole parameters in spatio-temporal source modeling (STSM) of electroencephalographic (EEG) data is a difficult nonlinear optimization problem due to multiple local minima in the cost function. A straightforward iterative optimization approach to such a problem is very susceptible to being trapped in a local minimum, thereby resulting in incorrect estimates of the dipole parameters. In this paper, we present and evaluate a more robust optimization approach based on the simulated annealing algorithm. The complexity of this approach for the STSM problem was reduced by separating the dipole parameters into linear (moment) and nonlinear (location) components. The effectiveness of the proposed method and its superiority over the traditional nonlinear simplex technique in escaping local minima were tested and demonstrated through computer simulations. The annealing algorithm and its implementation for multidipole estimation are also discussed. We found the simulated annealing approach to be 7-31% more effective than the simplex method at converging to the true global minimum for a number of different kinds of three-dipole problems simulated in this work. In addition, the computational cost of the proposed approach was only marginally higher than its simplex counterpart. The annealing method also yielded similar solutions irrespective of the initial guesses used. The proposed simulated annealing method is an attractive alternative to the simplex method that is currently more common in dipole estimation applications.
Interference mitigation scheme for MB-OFDM using adaptive symbol skipping (2008)

This paper investigates inter-piconet interference in MB-OFDM. In the MB-OFDM scheme, simultaneous operating piconets cause inter-piconet interference. One of the techniques for collision avoidance is adaptive symbol skipping, and in this scheme the transmitters detect the signal from the other devices and skip the transmission for collision avoidance. In this paper, new transmission scheme with adaptive symbol skipping is proposed.
Theory of amplitude and phase effects in 2-D-two-wave mixing (1991)

The two-wave mixing process in a photorefractive medium is investigated including nonuniform amplitude distributions of the pump and signal waves, plane-aberrated phase fronts, absorption, and arbitrary grating phase shift phi . The resulting system of two-dimensional coupled-wave equations is solved numerically with the aid of a two-dimensional Runge-Kutta method. Numerical data are shown to explain the gain distributions and image distortion properties in photorefractive amplifiers of the crossed beam, transmission and reflection grating type. A simple relation is presented describing the amplitude-phase crosstalk in two-wave mixing. One example is illustrated showing the possibility for compensating for aberrations using special pump and/or signal beam profiles with a grating phase shift different from 90 degrees .< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Site-selective enzymatic chemistry for polymer conjugation to protein lysine residues: PEGylation of G-CSF at lysine-41 (2016)

Microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) is an enzyme that catalyzes site-specific protein derivatization at specific glutamines and lysines.
III–V Nanocrystals Capped with Molecular Metal Chalcogenide Ligands: High Electron Mobility and Ambipolar Photoresponse (2012)

In this work, we synthesized InP and InAs nanocrystals (NCs) capped with different inorganic ligands, including various molecular metal chalcogenide complexes (MCCs) and chalcogenide ions. We found that MCCs and chalcogenide ions can quantitatively displace organic ligands from the surface of III-V NCs and serve as the inorganic capping groups for III-V NC surfaces. These inorganic ligands stabilize colloidal solutions of InP and InAs NCs in polar solvents and greatly facilitate charge transport between individual NCs. Charge transport studies revealed high electron mobility in the films of MCC-capped InP and InAs NCs. For example, we found that bridging InAs NCs with Cu(7)S(4)(-) MCC ligands can lead to very high electron mobility exceeding 15 cm(2)/(V s). In addition, we observed unprecedented ambipolar (positive/negative) photoresponse of MCC-capped InAs NC solids that changed sign depending on the ligand chemistry, illumination wavelength, and doping of the NC solid. For example, the sign of photoconductance of InAs NCs capped with Cu(7)S(4)(-) or Sn(2)S(6)(4-) ions converted from positive at 0.80 and 0.95 eV to negative at 1.27 and 1.91 eV. We propose an explanation of this unusually complex photoconductivity of InAs NC solids.
Synthetic Strategy toward Skeletal Diversity via Solid‐Supported, Otherwise Unstable Reactive Intermediates (2004)

Solid supports lend stability: Skeletally diverse alkaloid-like compounds were obtained in only three steps from simple starting materials through a strategy based on dihydropyridine and dihydroisoquinoline intermediates supported on macrobeads (see picture). The otherwise unstable enamine double bond present in the intermediates can undergo a variety of transformations, including cycloadditions, selective reductions, and alkylations. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z53466_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Comparison of Planar Versus Volumetric Numerical Observers for Detection Task Performance in Whole-Body PET Imaging (2004)

The goal of this project is to determine if there is a difference between planar and volumetric numerical observers. The motivation comes from the use of a volumetric (3-D) display of image data (i.e., three orthogonal views through a volume image) to assess whole-body PET images in most, if not all, clinical PET centers. Studies of correlations between numerical observers and human observers (e.g., using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) detection analysis), however, typically use a planar (2-D) display and analysis methodology. In particular, planar implementations of the nonprewhitening matched filter (NPWMF) and the channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) have been extensively investigated as surrogates for measuring human detection task performance. To determine if there is a difference between planar and volumetric numerical observers, we analyzed the behavior of 2-D and 3-D implementations of the NPWMF and CHO numerical observers with multiple realizations of images with noise properties similar to those of whole-body PET oncology imaging. The results indicate that there is a significant increase in SNR or detectability of volumetric numerical observers relative to planar observers. This implies that volumetric and planar numerical observers may have different strengths of correlation with human observer performance, and that these correlations should be determined prior to using numerical observers to optimize algorithm or protocol performance for whole-body PET imaging. When axial smoothing is applied, however, to impose isotropic target resolution or to simulate fully 3-D PET data, the detectabilities of planar numerical observers are increased and the differences between planar and volumetric numerical observers become less significant.
Kinetic Isotope Effect as a Tool To Investigate the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pt‐based Electrocatalysts – Part I: High‐loading Pt/C and Pt Extended Surface (2020)

Abstract The front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Atanassov and Prof. Zenyuk (University of California Irvine, USA). The image shows rate‐determining step of oxygen reduction reaction on platinum nanoparticle supported by carbon, which requires electron transfer but no proton. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.201901091 .
Design of SNACK mechanism for wireless TCP with new snoop (2004)

TCP is the most widely adopted transport layer communication protocol. In heterogeneous wired/wireless networks, however, the high packet loss rate over wireless links can trigger unnecessary execution of TCP congestion control algorithms, resulting in performance degradation. TCP performs poorly on wireless links with bursty losses, when it is forced to rely on limited information available from batched acknowledgements, (i.e., multiple packets are acknowledged with one acknowledgment packet). In this paper, a selective negative acknowledgement (SNACK) mechanism is designed to overcome the limitation of batched acknowledgments. A new link layer retransmission protocol, called, SNACK-NS (new snoop), is proposed. Through the detection and retransmission functions that are provided by the two protocol components of SNACK-NS, namely, SNACK-snoop and SNACK-TCP, the transmission performance of TCP over wireless network is greatly enhanced in both fixed host (FH) to mobile host (MH) and MH to FH transmissions.
A Detailed Account of The First Question Generation Shared Task Evaluation Challenge (2012)

The paper provides a detailed account of the First Shared Task Evaluation Challenge on Question Generation that took place in 2010. The campaign included two tasks that take text as input and produce text, i.e. questions, as output: Task A - “ Question Generation from Paragraphs and Task B - “ Question Generation from Sentences. Motivation, data sets, evaluation criteria, guidelines for judges, and results are presented for the two tasks. Lessons learned and advice for future Question Generation Shared Task Evaluation Challenges (QG-STEC) are also offered.
Ensuring Scientific Publishing Credibility in Translational Biomedical Optics (2019)

Editor-in-Chief Brian Pogue writes about publishing credibility in the field of translational biomedical optics.
Gold nanoparticle superlattices as functional solids for concomitant conductivity and SERS tuning (2010)

Mercaptosuccinic acid protected gold nanoparticles (Au@MSA) self assemble to form superlattice (SL) crystals at the air-water interface. These have been used for gas adsorption. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the SL film with embedded SL crystals, obtained by four probe measurements, show Ohmic conduction. The conductance observed was proportional to the polarizability of the adsorbed gases. The current through the SL decreases on adsorption of the gas along with decrease in the SERS intensity of a probe molecule from the crystals. We rationalise our observation of the linear dependence of the conductance on the polarizability of the adsorbed gas using a simple model calculation. Variation of the conductance may be useful in designing electrical switches operating at the nanometre length scales.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical‐Based Annulations of Iodo Lactams. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In Situ Optical Monitoring of Hydrogen Chemisorption on the GaAs(111)B Ga Surface (1998)

The hydrogen chemisorption on the GaAs(111)B Ga surface is investigated under atmospheric pressure using the surface photoabsorption (SPA) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) methods. The SPA signal change shows the existence of two kinds of hydrogen-terminated surfaces, monohydride and trihydride surfaces, depending on the partial pressure of hydrogen. In both surfaces, hydrogen in the carrier gas reacts dissociatively with Ga atoms on the (111)B surface, and the desorption of hydrogen occurs via the reverse reaction in the inert carrier gas. It is shown that the surface coverages of hydrogen on the surfaces are well explained by the Langmuir equation.
Control of Acid Resistance Pathways of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Strain EDL933 by PsrB, a Prophage-Encoded AraC-Like Regulator (2014)

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 causes bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and is the most prevalent E. coli serotype associated with food-borne illness worldwide. This pathogen is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and has a low infectious dose that has been estimated to be between 10 and 100 cells. We and others have previously identified three prophage-encoded AraC-like transcriptional regulators, PatE, PsrA, and PsrB in the EHEC O157:H7 EDL933 strain. Our analysis showed that PatE plays an important role in facilitating survival of EHEC under a number of acidic conditions, but the contribution of PsrA and PsrB to acid resistance (AR) was unknown. Here, we investigated the involvement of PsrA and PsrB in the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in acid. Our results showed that PsrB, but not PsrA, enhanced the survival of strain EDL933 under various acidic conditions. Transcriptional analysis using promoter-lacZ reporters and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that PsrB activates transcription of the hdeA operon, which encodes a major acid stress chaperone, by interacting with its promoter region. Furthermore, using a mouse model, we showed that expression of PsrB significantly enhanced the ability of strain EDL933 to overcome the acidic barrier of the mouse stomach. Taken together, our results indicate that EDL933 acquired enhanced acid tolerance via horizontally acquired regulatory genes encoding transcriptional regulators that activate its AR machinery.
Bilateral pelvic discontinuity: a unique condition characterized by high failure rates of current treatment (2016)

Bilateral pelvic discontinuity is rare but presents the surgeon with a major reconstructive challenge. Only 1 patient went on to radiographic healing with current treatment strategies. Continued motion of the contralateral pelvic dissociation may account for the high failure rates. Surgeons should be aware of the challenges presented by this diagnosis and develop strategies to improve outcomes.
One-pot preparation of 1-chlorovinylisocyanides from carbonyl compounds. (1987)

Synthese par reaction de (O,O-diethyl isocyanomethyl) phosphonate avec des aldehydes aromatiques en presence de CCl 4
Qualitative and quantitative flow visualization technique using ozone (1979)

We have developed a new flow-visualization technique based on the absorption of ultraviolet light by ozone. Ozone is an excellent tracer, because as a gas it has the same effective physical properties as air. Ozone strongly absorbs the principal line (253.7 nm) of a mercury lamp, varepsilon=310 (atm cm)(-1), where I/Io=exp(-varepsiloncl) such that when an ozone-traced flow passes between a mercury lamp and a fluorescent screen, a sharp, shadow-like image of the ozone tracer is cast on the screen. Quantitative photometry can be carried out by replacing the screen with ultraviolet detectors that yield the path-integrated column density of ozone in the flow. High-speed quantitative point monitoring (10 Hz at 10 ppb O3) is possible with capillary probes and chemiluminescent analysis.
Suppression of aberrant colonic crypt foci by synthetic sphingomyelins with saturated or unsaturated sphingoid base backbones (1997)

Abstract Supplementation of the diet of CF1 mice with sphingomyelin isolated from milk has been shown to reduce the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and the appearance of colonic adenocarcinoma induced by 1,2‐dimethylhy‐drazine (Schmelz et al., Cancer Res 56, 4936–4941, 1996). The objective of this study was to determine whether chemically synthesized sphingomyelin reduces the appearance of ACF, one of the earliest morphological changes in the development of colonic tumors, and to investigate the specificity of this inhibition for the unsaturated sphingoid base backbone. 1,2‐Dimethylhydrazine was administered in‐traperitoneally to female CF1 mice, then the animals were fed a semipurified AIN 76A diet without supplementation (controls) or supplemented with 0.1% (wt/wt) sphingomyelin isolated from skim milk powder, synthetic N‐palmitoylsphin‐gomyelin, or N‐palmitoyldihydrosphingomyelin for four weeks. The number of ACF in the sphingomyelin‐fed groups was significantly lower than in the control by 54% (p = 0.002), 52% (p = 0.002), and 70% (p < 0.0001) for milk sphingomyelin, synthetic sphingomyelin, and synthetic dihydrosphingomyelin, respectively. Suppression of ACF by the synthetic dihydrosphingomyelin was significantly greater than by synthetic sphingomyelin (p = 0.035). These findings establish that sphingomyelin, and not merely a possible contaminant of the naturally occurring sphingomyelin preparation used previously, suppresses ACF formation. Furthermore, the greater potency of dihydrosphingomyelin reveals that the 4,5‐trans double bond of the sphingoid backbone is not required for this suppression.
Flux-based active filter controller (1996)

This paper presents a synchronous frame flux-based control method for a parallel active filter application. The flux-based controller directly implements the inverter switchings in the synchronous reference frame by a hysteresis rule-based carrier-less pulse-width modulation (PWM) strategy to achieve high current bandwidth. This paper addresses the issues and impact on parallel active filtering requirements for utility interface of commonly used harmonic front-ends. The synchronous frame flux-based controller provides additional insights for harmonic current compensation requirements. Simulation results provide the validation of the flux-based active filter controller to meet IEEE Standard 519 recommended harmonic standards for large rated nonlinear loads under balanced and unbalanced supply conditions.
Iron-Mediated Complete Chirality Transfer in Allylic Substitutions. Efficient Synthesis of (-)-(S)-Myoporone (1994)

The furanosesquiterpenoid (-)-(S)-myoporone [(S)-10], a toxic stress metabolite of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) and normal secondary metabolite of the australian shrub Myoporum deserti has been synthesized in high enantiomeric purity (ee > 99 %) and excellent overall yield. Key step in the synthesis is the regio- and stereocontrolled addition of the silyl enol ether 3 to the planar chiral tetracarbonyliron(1+) complex (1R,2S,3R)-2 easily obtained from (S)-lactic acid.
Joint spectrum/beampattern design of wideband FM MIMO radar emissions (2016)

The co-design of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar waveforms and the associated beampattern is desirable to maximize transmitted power in directions of interest while still maintaining acceptable waveform correlation properties. While MIMO is an emerging technology in radar, one must also consider the stringent spectral requirements that are currently being imposed now and that may become even more stringent in the future. In this paper a MIMO optimization method based on alternating projections is introduced that optimizes, for a uniform linear array, the constant-modulus, continuous-time, element-level waveforms to produce a spectral shape in various desired spatial directions denoted "beams of interest". The resulting beampattern is directly related to these chosen "beams of interest". To address the physical nature of the MIMO emission, the energy stored in the invisible space (i.e. not radiated into the far-field) is considered. It is shown that this stored energy, which could damage the transmitter if operated at high power, can effectively be minimized by optimizing the beampattern based on the visible emission space.
Hair photobooth (2008)

We accurately capture the shape and appearance of a person's hairstyle. We use triangulation and a sweep with planes of light for the geometry. Multiple projectors and cameras address the challenges raised by the reflectance and intricate geometry of hair. We introduce the use of structure tensors to infer the hidden geometry between the hair surface and the scalp. Our triangulation approach affords substantial accuracy improvement and we are able to measure elaborate hair geometry including complex curls and concavities. To reproduce the hair appearance, we capture a six-dimensional reflectance field. We introduce a new reflectance interpolation technique that leverages an analytical reflectance model to alleviate cross-fading artifacts caused by linear methods. Our results closely match the real hairstyles and can be used for animation.