gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Mechanical Properties of the Human L4–5 Functional Spinal Unit During Cyclic Loading (1992)

Cyclic axial compression-tension tests and cyclic torsional tests were performed on ten fresh human L4-5 functional spinal units to investigate the structural effects of the posterior elements on the mechanical properties of L4-5 functional spinal units. The stiffness of the functional spinal unit increased with the increase of displacement under every loading. This was same in the intact functional spinal units and the functional spinal units after removal of each posterior element, respectively. All the posterior elements contributed to the compressive, tensile, and torsional stiffness of L4-5 functional spinal units. The apophyseal joints had a significant effect on the compressive and torsional stiffness. The effect of the apophyseal joints on the torsional stiffness became greater according to the extent of displacement, whereas their effect on the compressive stiffness was constant. The posterior ligaments (supraspinous and interspinous ligaments) had a significant effect on the tensile stiffness.
Stereoselective modification of circular dichroism spectra of rat lung ?-adrenoceptor protein preparation by enantiomers of epinephrine (1996)

The presence of beta-adrenoceptor in a rat lung membrane preparation was confirmed by stereoselective competition of enantiomers of epinephrine with labeled iodocyanopindolol. The receptor-rich protein fraction, when combined with the pharmacologically active (-)-epinephrine, exhibited specific changes in the 205-220 nm region of circular dichroism spectra, indicating that the receptor helices may be perturbed. The (+)-epinephrine combined with the lung protein produced little or no change of the spectra. Bovine serum albumin, when combined with either enantiomer of epinephrine, produced nonstereoselective alterations of the spectra. Thus, the data provide important evidence for the higher intrinsic pharmacologic activity of the natural (-)-epinephrine over the unnatural (+)-enantiomer.
124I-huA33 Antibody Uptake Is Driven by A33 Antigen Concentration in Tissues from Colorectal Cancer Patients Imaged by Immuno-PET (2011)

The in vivo biodistribution of (124)I-huA33 in human patients 1 wk after antibody administration was determined by A33 antigen expression. Our data imply that the optimal strategy for A33-based radioimmunotherapy of colon cancer will consist of a multistep treatment using a radionuclide with short-range (α- or β-particle) emissions.
Optimizing Clinical Use of Biologics in Orthopaedic Surgery: Consensus Recommendations From the 2018 AAOS/NIH U-13 Conference (2018)

Concern that misinformation from direct-to-consumer marketing of largely unproven "biologic" treatments such as platelet-rich plasma and cell-based therapies may erode the public trust and the responsible investment needed to bring legitimate biological therapies to patients have resulted in calls to action from professional organizations and governing bodies. In response to substantial patient demand for biologic treatment of orthopaedic conditions, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons convened a collaborative symposium and established a consensus framework for improving and accelerating the clinical evaluation, use, and optimization of biologic therapies for musculoskeletal diseases. The economic and disease burden of musculoskeletal conditions is high. Of the various conditions discussed, knee osteoarthritis was identified as a "serious condition" associated with substantial and progressive morbidity and emerged as the condition with the most urgent need for clinical trial development. It was also recognized that stem cells have unique characteristics that are not met by minimally manipulated mixed cell preparations. The work group recommended that minimally manipulated cell products be referred to as cell therapy and that the untested and uncharacterized nature of these treatments be clearly communicated within the profession, to patients, and to the public. Minimum standards for product characterization and clinical research should also be followed. A framework for developing clinical trials related to knee OA was agreed upon. In addition to recommendations for development of high-quality multicenter clinical trials, another important recommendation was that physicians and institutions offering biologic therapies commit to establishing high-quality patient registries and biorepository-linked registries that can be used for postmarket surveillance and quality assessments.
Geometrical and electrical percolation in nanometre-sized Co-cluster assemblies (1999)

We deposited monodispersed Co-clusters in the size range of 6-13 nm on substrates using the plasma-gas-condensation cluster deposition system. The assembling process of the clusters from discontinuous to continuous networks was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in situ electrical conductivity measurement, and discussed in terms of the two-dimensional (2D) percolation concept. The electrical conductivity measurement indicates that the percolation process of Co clusters does not agree with a simple scaling-law: the critical conductivity exponent increases with increasing mean cluster diameter, d, although it is predicted to be independent of d in the ordinary 2D percolation theory. This anomaly is interpreted by the soft-percolation model, implying that there is distribution of electrical contacts between the clusters. The critical coverage of clusters (0.63) is much higher than the predicted one (0.45) irrespective of d, due mainly to the partial overlapping of deposited clusters, and partly to an attractive interaction between the clusters. Such cluster-overlapping also increases the critical thickness of electrical percolation with increasing d.
Delineating the role of alterations in lipid metabolism to the pathogenesis of inherited skeletal and cardiac muscle disorders (2011)

As the specific composition of lipids is essential for the maintenance of membrane integrity, enzyme function, ion channels, and membrane receptors, an alteration in lipid composition or metabolism may be one of the crucial changes occurring during skeletal and cardiac myopathies. Although the inheritance (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked traits) and underlying/defining mutations causing these myopathies are known, the contribution of lipid homeostasis in the progression of these diseases needs to be established. The purpose of this review is to present the current knowledge relating to lipid changes in inherited skeletal muscle disorders, such as Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy, myotonic muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle myopathic dystrophies, desminopathies, rostrocaudal muscular dystrophy, and Dunnigan-type familial lipodystrophy. The lipid modifications in familial hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies, as well as Barth syndrome and several other cardiac disorders associated with abnormal lipid storage, are discussed. Information on lipid alterations occurring in these myopathies will aid in the design of improved methods of screening and therapy in children and young adults with or without a family history of genetic diseases.
Autocrine FGF1 signaling promotes glucose uptake in adipocytes (2022)

Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) is an autocrine growth factor released from adipose tissue during over-nutrition or fasting to feeding transition. While local actions underlie the majority of FGF1's anti-diabetic functions, the molecular mechanisms downstream of adipose FGF receptor signaling are unclear. We investigated the effects of FGF1 on glucose uptake and its underlying mechanism in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in ex vivo adipose explants from mice. FGF1 increased glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and epididymal WAT (eWAT) and inguinal WAT (iWAT). Conversely, glucose uptake was reduced in eWAT and iWAT of FGF1 knockout mice. We show that FGF1 acutely increased adipocyte glucose uptake via activation of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4, involving dynamic crosstalk between the MEK1/2 and Akt signaling proteins. Prolonged exposure to FGF1 stimulated adipocyte glucose uptake by MEK1/2-dependent transcription of the basal glucose transporter GLUT1. We have thus identified an alternative pathway to stimulate glucose uptake in adipocytes, independent from insulin, which could open new avenues for treating patients with type 2 diabetes.
Modeling and Optimization of Plasmonic Detectors for Beyond-CMOS Plasmonic Majority Logic Gates (2020)

In this work, we report the modeling and design of a high-speed Ge-based plasmonic detector coupled with a Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) plasmonic majority gate. The detector is designed to distinguish between multiple output levels of the integrated majority gate. Through numerical analyses we predict the proposed plasmonic detector has an intrinsic bandwidth beyond 220 GHz at an applied bias of only 100 mV. An asymmetric Metal-Semiconductor-Metal (MSM) configuration of the plasmonic detector ensures a dark current of a few nA which results in high sensitivity. The high electric field generated by the electrode asymmetry enables effective separation of the photogenerated carriers resulting in high photocurrent even at few mVs of applied bias. The low capacitance of less than 1fF arising from the small detector dimensions results in a high RC-limited bandwidth. Moreover, the narrow plasmonic Ge slot of the photodetector provides a short drift path and fast transit time for carriers. Unlike previously reported plasmonic detectors that use noble metals as electrodes, our proposed detector employs Al and Cu to meet CMOS compatibility requirements and thus can be a potential candidate for high-speed computational systems in industry-level applications. Additionally, the findings presented in the article will be helpful for the future realization of an integrated plasmonic system.
A Framework and Architecture for Multi-Robot Coordination (2002)

In this paper, we present a framework and the software architecture for the deployment of multiple autonomous robots in an unstructured and unknown environment, with applications ranging from scouting and reconnaissance, to search and rescue, to manipulation tasks, to cooperative localization and mapping, and formation control. Our software framework allows a modular and hierarchical approach to programming deliberative and reactive behaviors in autonomous operation. Formal definitions for sequential composition, hierarchical composition, and parallel composition allow the bottom-up development of complex software systems. We demonstrate the algorithms and software on an experimental testbed that involves a group of carlike robots, each using a single omnidirectional camera as a sensor without explicit use of odometry.
Temperature Dependence of Dominant Hillock Phases during Electromigration of Eutectic SnPb Solder Lines (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Generation of Low Phase-noise Mid-Infrared Optical Frequency Combs from Crystalline Microresonators (2012)

We present mid-infrared frequency comb generation from crystalline MgF2 microresonators, with mode spacing of 50-150 GHz around the 2.5 µm-wavelength CW-pump. Low phase-noise is verified by beating the comb modes with a narrow linewidth CW laser.
Performance of Caching-Based D2D Video Distribution with Measured Popularity Distributions (2019)

On-demand video accounts for the majority of wireless data traffic. Video distribution schemes based on caching combined with device-to-device (D2D) communications promise order-of-magnitude greater spectral efficiency for video delivery, but hinge on the principle of concentrated demand distributions. This paper presents, for the first time, the analysis and evaluations of the throughput-outage tradeoff of such schemes based on measured cellular demand distributions. In particular, we use a dataset with more than 100 million requests from the BBC iPlayer, a popular video streaming service in the U.K., as the foundation of the analysis and evaluations. We present an achievable scaling law based on the practical popularity distribution, and show that such scaling law is identical to those reported in the literature. We find that also for the numerical evaluations based on a realistic setup, order-of-magnitude improvements can be achieved. Our results indicate that the benefits promised by the caching-based D2D in the literature could be retained for cellular networks in practice.
Applications of microalgal biofilms for wastewater treatment and bioenergy production (2017)

This multidisciplinary study showed the new potential of natural biofilms, their individual photosynthetic inhabitants and assembled new algal/cyanobacterial biofilms as the next generation of bioenergy feedstocks which can grow using wastewaters as a cheap source of key nutrients.
Front Matter: Volume 10548 (2018)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume10548, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and Conference Committee listing.
Investigating the potential for long-term permeable reactive barrier (PRB) monitoring from the electrical signatures associated with the reduction in reactive iron performance (2003)

The objective of this project is to quantify the ability of the electrical induced polarization (IP) method to noninvasively monitor the reduction in reactive iron performance that is known to reduce the effectiveness of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) with time. The primary scientific goals include: (1) fundamental laboratory studies to evaluate the sensitivity of the IP method to: Fe0 total surface area Fe0 surface chemistry physical/chemical changes to the Fe0 surface resulting from oxidation and precipitation (2) monitoring of the electrical tomographic response of the Kansas City PRB over a three-year period and assessment, via correlation with aqueous geochemical data and extracted iron cores, of whether electrical signatures associated with reduced PRB performance are resolvable in field studies (3) optimization of a three-dimensional tomographic imaging algorithm for application to highly conductive, high electrical contrast environments as represented by a PRB IP theory and empirical data resulting from the original development of the method for mineral exploration suggests that the method is highly relevant in the study of reactive iron barriers. Laboratory and field IP studies on mineral deposits illustrate the sensitivity of IP parameters to metal concentration, particle size and metal surface chemistry. IP theory, based on electrical (Warburg) impedance associated with diffusive ion transfer to/from the electrolyte to electron exchange sites on the metal surface, provides a framework for interpreting IP signatures of PRBs as a function of redox chemistry.
Price and volume risk management for power producers (2004)

This paper presents a methodology for mid-term risk management of a power portfolio, which includes generation assets and energy contracts. Compared to some other approaches arising from financial world, all important technical constraints are considered here. For the purpose of risk assessment, the conditional value at risk is implemented. Two algorithms are developed: first assuming a perfect liquidity' of a spot market, while the second considers the influence of traded volume on the electricity spot price. This paper concludes with a simple example highlighting the features of the proposed methodology.
The pattern of estradiol and progesterone differs in serum and tissue of benign and malignant ovarian tumors (2002)

Epidemiological studies have indicated a relationship between gonadal steroid hormones and ovarian cancer. A production of both estradiol and progesterone by ovarian cancers has been demonstrated. The local steroid concentrations and the putative relation to histopathological and clinical condition were investigated herein. Ovarian tissue, ovarian tumor cyst fluid, ovarian vein samples and peripheral serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in pre- and post-menopausal women, subdivided into groups with normal ovaries, benign, borderline and malignant ovarian tumors, were quantitatively assessed. Both ovarian tissue concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were more than 100-fold higher than in serum. Based on differences in concentrations between different ovarian tumor groups, the data is not coherent with the previously suggested increased production of estradiol and progesterone in ovarian cancer tissue, since post-menopausal women with ovarian cancer presented lower median tissue hormone levels, most pronounced between malignant and benign tumors; median (25 and 75 percentile) estradiol; 9.40 (6.67-15.50) vs 16.44 (12.49-23.20), p=0.02 and progesterone; 308 (240-575) vs 957 (553-1143) pmol/g wet weight, p<0.01, n=81. Lower concentrations of estradiol, but not progesterone, were found in ovarian cancer tissue, ovarian cyst fluid and peripheral serum in patients with FIGO stages 3 and 4 than in stages 1 and 2. The novel finding of a large ovarian tissue to serum difference of both estradiol and progesterone indicates an important role of ovarian tissue concentrations in tumor biology and raises the question of adequate doses of anti-hormonal therapy in women with ovarian cancer.
Channel Coding Techniques (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Block Codes Convolutional Codes Experiments and Program Examples References Exercises
Use Cases and Impact of Audio-Based Virtual Exploration (2019)

Audio-based virtual navigation experiences present an opportunity for people who are blind or have low vision to increase their familiarity with an area before traveling. Such experiences could also increase people’s excitement and confidence in exploring places. As a preliminary investigation, we developed the Audio-based Virtual Exploration (AVE) app. In a user study with 14 people who were blind or had low vision, we explored use cases of virtual navigation, how app features could support those uses, and how the experience could impact mental maps and interest and comfort in travel. Participants proposed using virtual experiences for navigation, exploration, and augmented reality. We present research questions around developing experiences to support these use cases and defining metrics of success.
Effects of an Inhibitor of 3beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase on Glucose, Lipid Metabolism and Adipose Tissue in a Patient With Type 2 Diabetes (2013)

Elevated serum levels of glucocorticoids promote visceral obesity, 			hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, as observed in patients with 			Cushing ’ s 			syndrome. Trilostane inhibits the synthesis of cortisol by 			competitive and reversible blocking of 3 beta -hydroxysteroid 			dehydrogenase, and is used in the treatment of Cushing ’ s 			syndrome. We studied effects of trilostane on glucose, lipid 			metabolism and adipose tissue in a patient with type 2 diabetes who 			was complicated with Cushing ’ s 			syndrome. Trilostane significantly reduced visceral fat, serum 			lipoproteins including atherogenic lipoproteins, and also increased 			serum adiponectin in this patient, proposing a new approach for the 			treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jem180w
Geregelte arbeitsteilige Anwendungssysteme (1993)

Die im vorangegangenen Kapitel beschriebene Fallstudie stellt ein konkretes Beispiel eines geregelten arbeitsteiligen Anwendungssystems dar. In diesem Kapitel wird die Fallstudie im Hinblick auf geregelte arbeitsteilige Anwendungssysteme generell interpretiert. Es wird zunächst eine Begriffsdefinition für die geregelten arbeitsteiligen Anwendungssysteme als Problemstellung dieser Arbeit vorgenommen, um im weiteren Verlauf von einer Klasse von zu unterstützenden Anwendungssystemen ausgehen zu können. Daran anschließend wird auf spezielle Anforderungen an einen Systemmechanismus zur Unterstützung dieser Anwendungsklasse und die Nutzeffekte eines solchen Mechanismus eingegangen. Das Kapitel schließt mit einer Abgrenzung der geregelten arbeitsteiligen Anwendungssysteme von anderen Formen arbeitsteiliger Anwendungsysteme, die in der Literatur häufig auch als kooperative Anwendungssysteme bezeichnet werden.
Microscopy imaging device with advanced imaging properties (2023)

Systems, methods and devices are implemented for microscope imaging solutions. One embodiment of the present disclosure is directed toward an epifluorescence microscope. The microscope includes an image capture circuit including an array of optical sensor. An optical arrangement is configured to direct excitation light of less than about 1 mW to a target object in a field of view of that is at least 0.5 mm.sup.2 and to direct epi-fluorescence emission caused by the excitation light to the array of optical sensors. The optical arrangement and array of optical sensors are each sufficiently close to the target object to provide at least 2.5 .mu.m resolution for an image of the field of view.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SOLID‐PHASE SYNTHESIS OF PORCINE GUT GASTRIN RELEASING PEPTIDE (GRP), A MAMMALIAN BOMBESIN (1981)

Abstract Die Titelverbindung (I) wird nach der Festphasenmethode synthetisiert (Verwendung eines Benzhydrylamin‐Styrol‐1%‐Divinylbenzol‐Copolymeren; Deblockierung und Abspaltung vom Harz mittels HF; detaillierte Beschreibung der Reinigungsverfahren und Charakterisierungsmethoden).
Sound-to-Touch Sensory Substitution and Beyond (2015)

Deafness affects an estimated 2 million people in the United States and 53 million worldwide. Cochlear implants are an effective therapeutic solution but suffer from a number of drawbacks: they are expensive, require an invasive surgery, have low efficacy in early-onset deaf adults, and not everyone who needs them may qualify for them. This creates a large unmet need for a solution that is affordable, non-surgical, and works in adults. "Sensory substitution"--the concept that information can be effectively mapped from one sense to another--has the potential to overcome all of these issues: it is non-invasive (and therefore inexpensive and less regulated) and leverages a developed sensory modality. This is realized by the understanding that (1) the nervous system ultimately encodes information as electrical signals and (2) the brain has the remarkable capability of cortical reorganization. Sensory substitution has previously been successfully applied as a solution for blindess via vision-to-touch substitutions. To this end, a sound-to-touch sensory substitution device, The Versatile Extra-Sensory Transducer (VEST), has been developed for this thesis-work as a means for overcoming deafness. The device consists of a smartphone that takes sound from the environment and converts this information to patterns of vibration on the torso. This occurs via an array of vibratory motors embedded on a vest that is worn under the user's clothing. It is capable of giving congenitally deaf individuals the ability to intuit speech. The development of this device serves as a motivating example for a more general guiding framework that applies to sensory substitution and augmentation devices.
A Simple Approach to Specifying Concurrent Systems (2016)

In the transition axiom method, safety properties of a concurrent system can be specified by programs; liveness properties are specified by assertions in a simple temporal logic. The method is described with some simple examples, and its logical foundation is informally explored through a careful examination of what it means to implement a specification. Language issues and other practical details are largely ignored.