gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probing Sources of Capacity Fade in LiNi₀.₆Mn₀.₂Co₀.₂O₂ (NMC622): An Operando XRD Study of Li/NMC622 Batteries during Extended Cycling (2020)

LiNi₀.₆Mn₀.₂Co₀.₂O₂ (NMC622) is one of the most promising Li-ion battery cathodes as it delivers high capacity at high potentials. However, high potentials also lead to decreases in capacity retention where the disintegration of the secondary particles has been implicated as a major driving force of this capacity fade. This has been attributed to anisotropic lattice changes and increased microstrain during cycling. To probe how these factors affect capacity fade, Li/NMC622 batteries were cycled from 3 to 4.3 or 4.7 V and probed with operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) over the 1st, 2nd, and 101st cycles. Further characterization with scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy was also performed. The use of operando XRD over many cycles allowed for the collection of detailed structural information in real time over a time frame in which fading can be observed. During the first two cycles, the cells charged to 4.7 V exhibit increased anisotropic lattice changes as compared to the cells charged to 4.3 V. Upon the 101st cycle, when significant fade has been observed, the cells charged to 4.3 and 4.7 V show identical lattice changes to one another, while the 4.7 V charge limit induces more microstrain. This shows that elevated microstrain at high charge limits is a major driver for particle disintegration in NMC622 cathodes. This study provides important insights into the mechanisms of particle disintegration and capacity fade in NMC/Li-ion batteries, which will enable the design of NMC electrodes that deliver both higher capacities and exhibit better capacity retention.
Nonlinear gain in vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (2003)

We report on the wavelength-dependent nonlinear-gain properties of a vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifier. A step-like output versus input transfer curve and bistability are found on the long wavelength side of the resonant peak. The characteristics are caused by a dispersive nonlinearity arising from gain saturation in the device. The nonlinear transfer of the amplifier could be used for logic regeneration and all-optical logic operations, while the optical injection power required to switch the device is an order of magnitude lower than previously reported with edge-emitting devices.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Stable Organogold(I) Compounds. Evidence for the Mechanism of Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclizations. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids: from their Structural Properties to their Applications in Process Intensification (2007)

The structural properties of new organochloroaluminate ionic liquids based on mixtures of (Ethyl)nAlCl (n = 1 to 3) with 1-methyl-3-butyl-imidazolium chloride (BMIC) have been studied by Raman spectroscopy. With this technique, the mono and polynuclear anions present in these melts have been identified and quantified. The mixed salts formed with AlCl3 and EtAlCl2 or [ EtAlCl2 and Et2AlCl] together with BMIC are also considered. All behave as regular chloroaluminates; in particular, their acid-base properties depend on their compositions. Thanks to this study, it has been possible to anticipate and to optimize the composition of an ionic liquid based on EtAlCl2, with the aim of performing industrially the Ni-catalyzed olefin oligomerization in chloroaluminates. The influence of the solvent composition on the overall mechanism of the catalysis is now basically understood. The resulting ionic liquids play the dual role of solvents and nickel activator (or co-catalyst).
The First Demonstration of the 1 cm x 1 cm SiC Thyristor Chip (2005)

We report on the development of the first 1 cm /spl times/ 1 cm SiC thyristor chip capable of handling 1770 V. This demonstrates the present quality of the SiC substrate and epitaxial material. A forward drop of 4 V at 100 A and 200/spl deg/C was measured. The turn-on delay is found to be a strong function of the gate current. At a gate current of 1.5 A, the turn-on delay of 72 ns is observed for anode to cathode current, I/sub AK/=10 A. The turn-on rise time is a strong function of the anode to cathode voltage, V/sub AK/. At V/sub AK/=500 V, the turn-on rise time was 26 ns for I/sub AK/=10 A.
Regulatory B cells are identified by expression of TIM-1 and can be induced through TIM-1 ligation to promote tolerance in mice (2011)

T cell Ig domain and mucin domain protein 1 (TIM-1) is a costimulatory molecule that regulates immune responses by modulating CD4+ T cell effector differentiation. However, the function of TIM-1 on other immune cell populations is unknown. Here, we show that in vivo in mice, TIM-1 is predominantly expressed on B rather than T cells. Importantly, TIM-1 was expressed by a large majority of IL-10-expressing regulatory B cells in all major B cell subpopulations, including transitional, marginal zone, and follicular B cells, as well as the B cell population characterized as CD1d(hi)CD5+. A low-affinity TIM-1-specific antibody that normally promotes tolerance in mice, actually accelerated (T cell-mediated) immune responsiveness in the absence of B cells. TIM-1+ B cells were highly enriched for IL-4 and IL-10 expression, promoted Th2 responses, and could directly transfer allograft tolerance. Both cytokine expression and number of TIM-1+ regulatory B cells (Bregs) were induced by TIM-1-specific antibody, and this was dependent on IL-4 signaling. Thus, TIM-1 is an inclusive marker for IL-10+ Bregs that can be induced by TIM-1 ligation. These findings suggest that TIM-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for modulating the immune response and provide insight into the signals involved in the generation and induction of Bregs.
Fast solid support detection of PCR amplified viral DNA sequences using radioiodinated or hapten labelled primers (1990)

Oligonucleotides with novel modifications have been synthesized and incorporated into enzymatically amplified DNA sequences. They allow the fast detection of viral DNA sequences after two rounds of amplification. The hybrids formed are immobilized by affinity on coated tubes and detected by direct beta (32P) or gamma (125I) counting or by colorimetric revelation. The effect of a dilution step between the two amplifications is studied to obtain optimal sensitivity and specificity. This test is used to detect Human Papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in cells and biopsies and for the specific colorimetric detection of HIV1 in extracted DNA.
Peptidoglycan-Binding Anchor Is a Pseudomonas aeruginosa OmpA Family Lipoprotein With Importance for Outer Membrane Vesicles, Biofilms, and the Periplasmic Shape (2021)

The outer membrane protein A (OmpA) family contains an evolutionary conserved domain that links the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria to the semi-rigid peptidoglycan (PG) layer. The clinically significant pathogen <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> carries several OmpA family proteins (OprF, OprL, PA0833, and PA1048) that share the PG-binding domain. These proteins are important for cell morphology, membrane stability, and biofilm and outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation. In addition to other OmpAs, <i>in silico</i> analysis revealed that the putative outer membrane protein (OMP) with gene locus PA1041 is a lipoprotein with an OmpA domain and, hence, is a potential virulence factor. This study aimed to evaluate PA1041 as a PG-binding protein and describe its effect on the phenotype. Clinical strains were confirmed to contain the lipoprotein resulting from PA1041 expression with Western blot, and PG binding was verified in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). By using a Sepharose bead-based ELISA, we found that the lipoprotein binds to <i>meso</i>-diaminopimelic acid (mDAP), an amino acid in the pentapeptide portion of PGs. The reference strain PAO1 and the corresponding transposon mutant PW2884 devoid of the lipoprotein were examined for phenotypic changes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed enlarged periplasm spaces near the cellular poles in the mutant. In addition, we observed an increased release of OMV, which could be confirmed by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Importantly, mutants without the lipoprotein produced a thick, but loose and unorganized, biofilm in flow cells. In conclusion, the lipoprotein from gene locus PA1041 tethers the outer membrane to the PG layer, and mutants are viable, but display severe phenotypic changes including disordered biofilm formation. Based upon the phenotype of the <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PW2884 mutant and the function of the protein, we designate the lipoprotein with locus tag PA1041 as "peptidoglycan-binding anchor" (Pba).
Synergistic Effect of Fluorine and Hydrogen on Processes of Graphite and Diamond Formation from Fluorographite-Naphthalene Mixtures at High Pressures (2011)

Pressure–temperature-induced transformations of fluorographite CF1.1 and homogeneous mixtures of CF1.1 with naphthalene under static pressure of 8.0 GPa have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. It was found that carbonization of neat CF1.1 occurs at temperatures above 500 °C. Formation of graphite showing high grade of crystalline perfection has been observed already at ∼900 °C. The process of graphitization of carbon residue from CF1.1 is also characterized by high yield of planar graphite monocrystals of clear-cut polygonal shape. The formation of diamonds from CF1.1 at 8.0 GPa was not observed within all studied temperature range, up to 1500 °C. Thermal transformations of CF1.1 mixtures with naphthalene are distinguished by significantly reduced graphitization temperature threshold and a record low initiation temperature of diamond formation, 900 °C at 8.0 GPa, in comparison with various hydrocarbons. This can be explained by synergistic effect of fluorine and hydrogen on processes of graphite and diamond formation in a binary system studied. Another distinctive feature of diamond formation process in the systems composed of mixtures of CF1.1 and naphthalene is simultaneous production of both nano- and micrometer-sized diamond fractions.
Evidence for regulated coupling of A1 adenosine receptors by phosphorylation in Zucker rats (1995)

Studies were designed to find the molecular basis for previous observations that lipolysis is less active and A1 adenosine receptor signaling is more active in adipocytes from obese than from lean Zucker rats. With quantitative immunoblot procedures for detection, Gi alpha 1 and Gs alpha 45 levels were found anomalously low in obese compared with lean membranes (50 and 30%, respectively), but other G alpha subunit levels were normal. However, the sensitivity of the receptor-Gi protein to GTP was about 5- to 10-fold higher in obese compared with lean membranes when assessed from 1) the ability of GTP to inhibit forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase in the presence of an adenosine receptor agonist and 2) the ability of a nonhydrolyzable guanine nucleotide analogue to alter A1 adenosine receptor agonist binding. Alkaline phosphatase treatment of isolated adipocyte membranes from obese but not lean animals decreased guanine nucleotide sensitivity of agonist binding. Surprisingly, solubilized adipocyte A1 adenosine receptors from all animals exhibited the same high sensitivity to guanine nucleotides as that of intact obese membranes, and this high sensitivity could be decreased 20-fold by treatment with alkaline phosphatase. These data suggest that protein phosphorylation may regulate coupling of the A1 adenosine receptor in rat adipocyte membranes.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Ligand-Independent Toll-like Receptor Signals Generated by Ectopic Overexpression of MyD88 Generate Local and Systemic Antitumor Immunity (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Ligand-Independent Toll-like Receptor Signals Generated by Ectopic Overexpression of MyD88 Generate Local and Systemic Antitumor Immunity
Nanolithographic Top‐Down Patterning of Polyoxovanadate‐Based Nanostructures with Switchable Electrical Resistivity (2020)

Abstract The top‐down lithographic fabrication of functional metal oxide nanostructures enables technologically important applications such as catalysis and electronics. Here, we report the use of molecular vanadium oxides, polyoxovanadates, as molecular precursors for electron beam lithography to obtain functional vanadium oxide nanostructures. The new resist class described gives access to nanostructures with minimum dimensions close to 10 nm. The lithographically prepared structures exhibit temperature‐dependent switching behaviour of their electrical resistivity. The work could lay the foundation for accessing functional vanadium oxide nanostructures in the sub‐10‐nm domain using industrially established nanolithographic methods.
Growth inhibition of a human colorectal carcinoma cell line by interleukin 1 is associated with enhanced expression of gamma-interferon receptors. (1993)

Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor and recombinant human gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) exert synergistic growth inhibitory effects in WiDR human colorectal carcinoma cells. In this cell line, tumor necrosis factor increases IFN-gamma binding. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a cytokine that mimics many of the biological actions of TNF. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effects of recombinant human IL-1 on cell growth and IFN-gamma receptor expression in WiDR cells. IL-1 slightly inhibited the growth of WiDR cells, and exerted additive growth inhibitory effects in the presence of IFN-gamma. IL-1 caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in 125I-labeled IFN-gamma binding that was maximal at 6 h, persisted for at least 24 h, and was blocked by both actinomycin D and cycloheximide. The increase in binding was associated with an increase in cell surface IFN-gamma receptor protein expression as determined by Scatchard analysis of equilibrium binding data and by immunofluorescent staining with an anti-human IFN-gamma receptor monoclonal antibody. IL-1 also produced a time- and dose-dependent increase in IFN-gamma receptor mRNA levels that was maximal at 3 h and persisted for at least 24 h. Actinomycin D, but not cycloheximide, completely blocked the IL-1-mediated increase in IFN-gamma receptor mRNA levels. However, IL-1 did not alter IFN-gamma receptor mRNA half-life. These data indicate that IL-1 and IFN-gamma exert additive growth inhibitory effects on colon cancer cell growth, and suggest that IL-1 increases IFN-gamma receptor expression in these cells by enhancing IFN-gamma mRNA levels.
Synthesis of wirelike silicon nanostructures by dispersion of silicon on insulator using electroless etching (2010)

We employ electroless etching to disperse silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers in ionic silver HF into wirelike silicon nanostructures. The procedure allows detachment of the nanowires at the oxide interface and enables easy recovery of dispersions for subsequent controlled delivery. Nanowires 10 μm long and 50–100 nm thick are demonstrated using an SOI substrate of 10 μm device thickness. Direct material analysis shows no silver contamination after a wet-etch silver clean. Anodization treatment of the wires was conducted. Our measurements and analysis show that the wires are not amenable to anodization resulting from the fact that the nanowire radius is less than the thickness of depletion layer. The procedure has the potential of providing dispersions of arbitrarily long wirelike nanostructures which are useful for composite and energy applications.
Searches for $ \Lambda_b^0 $ and $ \Xi_b^0 $ decays to $ K_{\mathrm{S}}^0p{\pi^{-}} $ and $ K_{\mathrm{S}}^0p{K^{-}} $ final states with first observation of the $ \Lambda_b^0\to K_{\mathrm{S}}^0p{\pi^{-}} $ decay (2014)

A search for previously unobserved decays of beauty baryons to the final states K 0 S p -and K 0 S pK -is reported. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb -1 of pp collisions. The 0 b K 0 p -decay is observed with a significance of 8.6 , with branching fraction
5G Radio Access Networks: Enabling Efficient Point-to-Multipoint Transmissions (2019)

This article provided a performance comparison of 5G PTM and 5G unicast, which is the baseline for PTM enhancements. A key observation is that 5G unicast fully outperforms 5G PTM in the case of a lower number of UEs. In some cases, 5G unicast provides better average SE than 5G PTM, while the cell edge performance (fifth -percentile user SE) is lower than that of PTM for a medium number of UEs. However, for high penetration of UEs, 5G PTM fully outperforms 5G unicast.
Microwave dielectric properties of biopolymers (2006)

A new capacitive test structure is used to characterize biopolymers at microwave frequencies. The new test structure is comprised of a parallel plate capacitor, combined with coplanar waveguide-based input and output feed lines. This allows microwave measurements to be taken easily under an applied DC electric field. The microwave dielectric properties are characterized for two biopolymer thin films: a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based film and a bovine serum albumin (BSA)-based film. These bio-dielectric thin-films are compared with a standard commercial polymer thin film, poly[Bisphenol A carbonate-co-4,4'(3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexylidene) diphenol], or amorphous polycarbonate (APC).
G418 Selection and stability of cloned genes integrated at chromosomal δ sequences of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2000)

The chromosomal delta sequences of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were employed as recombination sites to integrate the bacterial neo(r) gene and the yeast SUC2 gene into the yeast genome. A dominate selection method employing the aminoglycoside antibiotic G418 was used. Transformation efficiencies and growth behaviors of the transformants were studied. Transformants were obtained with more than 40 integrations; the majority of insertions were tandem with a maximum of three different insertion sites utilized at one time. After 70-100 generations of growth in nonselective medium, the high copy number SUC2-neo(r) integrants were found to be unstable; only minor instability was observed for the neo(r) and low copy number SUC2-neo(r) integrants.
The crystallization of MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–ZrO2glass-ceramics with and without the addition of Y2O3– a combined STEM/XANES study (2016)

The crystallization of magnesium–aluminosilicate glasses is monitored, described and discussed<italic>via</italic>X-ray absorption spectroscopy and analytical transmission electron microscopy.
Enhancing LTE-advanced relay deployments via Biasing in cell selection and handover decision (2010)

Decode-and-forward relaying is a promising enhancement to current radio access networks and is now being standardized in the 3GPP work item on LTE-Advanced. Relay enhanced networks are expected to fulfill the demanding coverage and capacity requirements in a cost-efficient way. However, due to the low transmit power characteristic of relay nodes, their coverage areas will be relatively small in the overlaying macro cell. Therefore, the performance of relay deployments may be limited by load imbalances, unless system parameters are properly selected. In this paper, we propose a practical solution for this problem by introducing a bias to cell selection and handover thresholds. By applying the bias, the relay cells can be extended and an appropriate load balance can be achieved. Via a comprehensive system level simulation campaign, it is shown that biasing results in significant user throughput improvements in both the uplink and the downlink.
Erratum: “Signal-to-noise ratio in x-ray dark-field imaging using a grating interferometer” [J. Appl. Phys. 110, 053105 (2011)] (2011)

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Endoscopically placed fiducial markers for image-guided radiotherapy in preoperative gastric cancer: Technical feasibility and potential benefit (2023)

<b>Background and study aims</b> Fiducial markers have demonstrated clinical value in radiotherapy in several organs, but little is known about markers in the stomach. Here, we assess the technical feasibility of endoscopic placement of markers in gastric cancer patients and their potential benefit for image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). <b>Patients and methods</b> In this prospective feasibility study, 14 gastric cancer patients underwent endoscopy-guided gold (all patients) and liquid (7 patients) marker placements distributed throughout the stomach. Technical feasibility, procedure duration, and potential complications were evaluated. Assessed benefit for IGRT comprised marker visibility on acquired imaging (3-4 computed tomography [CT] scans and 19-25 cone-beam CTs [CBCTs] per patient) and lack of migration. Marker visibility was compared per marker type and location (gastroesophageal junction (i.e., junction/cardia), corpus (corpus/antrum/fundus), and pylorus). <b>Results</b> Of the 93 marker implantation attempts, 59 were successful, i.e., marker in stomach wall and present during entire 5-week radiotherapy course (2-6 successfully placed markers per patient), with no significant difference (Fisher's exact test; <i>P</i> >0.05) in success rate between gold (39/66=59%) and liquid (20/27=74%). Average procedure duration was 24.4 min (range 16-38). No procedure-related complications were reported. All successfully placed markers were visible on all CTs, with 81% visible on ≥95% of CBCTs. Five markers were poorly visible (on <75% of CBCTs), possibly due to small marker volume and peristaltic motion since all five were liquid markers located in the corpus. No migration was observed. <b>Conclusions</b> Endoscopic placement of fiducial markers in the stomach is technically feasible and safe. Being well visible and positionally stable, markers provide a potential benefit for IGRT.
Cholinesterase Inhibiting Withanolides from Withania somnifera. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Gut microbiota and health: connecting actors across the metabolic system (2018)

Overweight-related metabolic diseases are an important threat to health in the Western world. Dietary habits are one of the main causative factors for metabolic syndrome, CVD and type 2 diabetes. The human gut microbiota is emerging as an important player in the interaction between diet and metabolic health. Gut microbial communities contribute to human metabolism through fermentation of dietary fibre and the result of intestinal saccharolytic fermentation is production of SCFA. Acetate, propionate and butyrate positively influence satiety, endocrine system, glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis, lipid oxidation, thermoregulation, hepatic gluconeogenesis, endothelial function and gut barrier integrity, and these mechanisms have all been linked to protection from type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular health. The gut microbiota is also involved in bile acid metabolism and regulating their cell signalling potential, which has also been shown to modify pathways involved in metabolic health. Similarly, the gut microbiota renders recalcitrant plant polyphenols into biologically active small phenolic compounds which then act systemically to reduce metabolic disease risk. This review summarises how dietary patterns, specific foods and a healthy lifestyle may modulate metabolic health through the gut microbiota and their molecular cross-talk with the host.