gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
740 (2012)

Introduction: Candidemia is associated with a substantial economic burden in addition to high mortality. C. glabrata (CG) and C. krusei (CK) are important Candida species and can be more difficult to treat due to antifungal drug resistance. This study evaluated resource utilization, total charges, and mortality for inpatients with CG/CK candidemia compared to other species (OS) associated with candidemia Methods: This retrospective study used Cerner’s Health Facts data from 7/2005-3/2012. Adult inpatients with?1 blood culture (BCx) with CG or CK, and OS such as C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis were studied. Descriptive statistics are provided for AF-LOS (length-of-stay following first antifungal (AF) order), total encounter charges (adjusted $US 2011) and mortality. Results: There were 1914 patients (pts) with candidemia with 32% positive for CG/CK. For those pts with CG/CK, echinocandins (n=156, 26%) and fluconazole (n=285, 47%) were most commonly administered. Mean age (CG/CK 60.0 vs OS 58.9 years, p=0.183) and gender (male CG/CK 46.9% vs OS 51.7%, p=0.082) were similar. Occurrence of CG/CK or OS varied significantly among surgical (42.4% vs 37.3%) and medical pts (39.2% vs 47.6%), respectively (P=0.009). Bacteremia occurred frequently in both groups but more commonly in pts with CG/CK (77.6% vs 72.6%, P=0.04). Organ system dysfunction from 24h before to 12h after the index BCx was more frequent with CG/CK (93.4% vs 89.5%, P=0.016). The mean Charlson Comorbidity Index score was greater in pts with CG/CK (3.1 vs 2.7, P=0.009), as was the presence of solid tumor (24.0% vs 18.9%, P=0.02). Unadjusted AF-LOS was greater for CG/CK when compared to OS (20.8 vs 19.3 days, P=0.014), as was total charges ($87.1K for CG/CK vs $78.0K for OS, P=0.002). Hospital mortality was high in both groups (CG/CK 26.5% vs OS 29.6%, P=0.22) Conclusions: Pts with invasive CG/CK or OS candidemia have high resource use and mortality. Unadjusted AF-LOS and total hospital charges were greater for CG/CK pts when compared to OS pts. The economic burden for candidemia is high in general, but appears greater in those with CG/CK. Disclosure: This study was sponsored by Astellas.
Role of Surface-State Nesting in the Incommensurate Reconstruction of Mo(001) (1988)

First-principles total-energy calculations have been performed for the Mo(001) surface. Subsequent tight-binding calculations of the surface-phonon dispersion curves for the unreconstructed surface show that Fermi-surface nesting of surface states leads to a softening of surface modes near $\overline{M}$, with the maximum instability very close to the wave vector of the observed incommensurate reconstruction. Our results disagree strongly with the prevailing short-ranged force models for the incommensurate reconstruction on Mo(001).
Evaluation of the Clinical Utility of the Bone Metastases Ensemble Trees for Survival Decision Support Platform (BMETS-DSP): A Case-Based Pilot Assessment (2022)

This pilot study demonstrates that BMETS-DSP significantly improved physician survival estimation accuracy, prognostic confidence, likelihood of sharing prognosis, and use of prognosis-appropriate RT regimens in the care of symptomatic bone metastases, supporting future multi-institutional validation of the platform.
Lipopolysaccharide Regulates Macrophage Fluid Phase Pinocytosis Via CD14-Dependent and CD14-Independent Pathways (1999)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a mediator of inflammation and septic shock during bacterial infection. Although monocytes and macrophages are highly responsive to LPS, the biological effects of LPS in these cell types are only partially understood. We decided, therefore, to investigate the influence of LPS on macrophage pinocytosis and Fc receptor-mediated endocytosis, two prominent and related macrophage effector functions. We observed that LPS did not greatly influence endocytosis in either macrophages or monocytes, but did exert a dual action on pinocytosis: at lower concentrations (0.1 to 100 ng/mL), LPS caused a decrease in pinocytosis in both macrophages and monocytes, whereas at higher LPS concentrations, enhanced pinocytosis in macrophages was observed. Detoxified LPS was two orders of magnitude less potent in producing these effects. After inhibition of the LPS receptor CD14, the LPS-induced decrease in pinocytosis was absent, and stimulation of pinocytosis at lower LPS concentrations was unmasked. We conclude that LPS can influence pinocytosis via CD14-dependent and CD14-independent signaling pathways. Furthermore, as addition of LPS to macrophages effected pinocytosis but not Fc receptor-mediated endocytosis, these two processes are independently regulated in macrophages.
Validating Alzheimer's disease micro RNAs using next‐generation sequencing (2016)

Abstract Introduction Molecular biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) can support detection and improved care for patients, but novel candidates require verification. We previously reported a 12‐micro RNA (miRNA) blood‐based signature using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of 54 AD cases and 22 controls. Methods We performed validation of 49 AD cases and 55 controls using NGS and also included 20 mild cognitive impairment and 90 multiple sclerosis samples to identify nonspecific markers. Thus, 103 AD cases, 77 unaffected controls, and 110 diseased controls were sequenced. Although the initial cohort came predominantly from the United States, the validation samples were collected in Germany. Results Five hundred eighty miRNAs were detected in the blood. In the initial cohort, we observed 203, in the validation cohort, 146 dysregulated miRNAs at a significance level of 0.05. With 68 miRNAs, the overlap was significant ( P = .0003). Likewise, the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve values of the miRNAs correlated (correlation of 0.93; 95% confidence interval 0.89–0.96; P &lt;10 −16 ). Discussion MiRNAs have the potential to support AD diagnosis and patient care.
Introduction to Load-Pull Systems and their Applications Part 43 in a series of tutorials on instrumentation and measurement (2013)

Summary This article presented the load-pull concept and its usefulness in modern wireless power amplifier design. It subsequently re-viewed the most common load-pull techniques along with their advantages and limitations. A section on the latest advance-ments in load-pull setup configurations presented some of the most popular approaches adopted by the users of load-pull sys-tems. The article discussed two of the latest developments in load-pull configurations which have either brought or have the potential to bring a paradigm shift in PA design techniques. References [1] J. M. Cusack, S. M. Perlow, and B. S. Perlman, “Automatic load contour mapping for microwave power transistors,” IEEE Tran. Microwave Theory and Techniques , vol. 22, pp. 1146–1152, Dec. 1974.[2] standard radios. He holds sixteen patents (five pending) and has F. Secchi, R. Paglione, B. Perlman, and J. Brown, “A computer controlled microwave tuner for automated load pull,” RCA Review , vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 566–583, Dec. 1983.[3] F. M. Ghannouchi and M. S. Hashmi,
Spectroscopic Study of the Effects of Carrier Doping on the Surface Structure of Rh/TiO2 Catalysts and On Their Interaction with CO and H2 (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectroscopic Study of the Effects of Carrier Doping on the Surface Structure of Rh/TiO2 Catalysts and On Their Interaction with CO and H2Zhaolong Zhang, Angelica Kladi, and Xenophon E. VerykiosCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 27, 6804–6811Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100078a024https://doi.org/10.1021/j100078a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
220205 Reaction Path Analysis on Three-stage Oxidation of n-Heptane in a Micro Flow Reactor with a Controlled Temperature Profile (2011)

Stabilized three-stage oxidation and its pressure dependence of stoichiometric n-heptane/air mixture were examined using a micro flow reactor with a controlled temperature profile. Especially at low velocity condition, three weak flames were observed as spatially separated flames in the different temperature ranges, and these flames correspond to low-temperature reaction and separated high-temperature reactions. As increasing pressure, the first and second flames got stronger whereas the third flame got relatively weakened. Reaction path analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted to get a better comprehension of such pressure dependence. The results showed that the reaction rate of the third flame depends on that of CO and H_2/O_2 reactions, thus second explosion limit of H_2/O_2 plays a key role in the pressure dependence of the third flame.
Multi-task Highly Adaptive Lasso (2023)

We propose a novel, fully nonparametric approach for the multi-task learning, the Multi-task Highly Adaptive Lasso (MT-HAL). MT-HAL simultaneously learns features, samples and task associations important for the common model, while imposing a shared sparse structure among similar tasks. Given multiple tasks, our approach automatically finds a sparse sharing structure. The proposed MTL algorithm attains a powerful dimension-free convergence rate of $o_p(n^{-1/4})$ or better. We show that MT-HAL outperforms sparsity-based MTL competitors across a wide range of simulation studies, including settings with nonlinear and linear relationships, varying levels of sparsity and task correlations, and different numbers of covariates and sample size.
Peripheral Mechanisms Involved in Gastric Mucosal Protection by Intracerebroventricular and Intraperitoneal Nociceptin in Rats (2005)

Nociceptin (N/OFQ) exerts multiple effects in the gastrointestinal tract after central or peripheral administration. In the present study, we examined the possible peripheral mechanisms mediating gastric protection by N/OFQ in rats. Gastric mucosal lesions were induced by 50% ethanol (1 ml/rat intragastrically). N/OFQ, administered either intracerebroventricularly (3 microg/rat) or ip (10 microg/kg), significantly reduced macroscopic and histological damage. The protective effect of intracerebroventricular N/OFQ was blocked by atropine, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, and bretylium. The effect of both central and peripheral N/OFQ was blocked by functional ablation of afferent nerves produced by capsaicin, by the antagonist of calcitonin gene-related peptide, CGRP(8-37), and by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. These results indicate that N/OFQ increases gastric mucosal resistance to ethanol by operating both in the central nervous system and in the periphery. Vagal cholinergic and sympathetic pathways mediate the central activity of N/OFQ, whereas vagal nonmuscarinic pathways mediate the peripheral activity of the peptide. The neuronal circuit involving extrinsic sensory neurons, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and nitric oxide is activated by central as well as peripheral N/OFQ. The study provides evidence that N/OFQ contributes to neurally mediated gastric mucosal protection.
Multidimensional Signal Analysis (2021)

This chapter discusses signal characteristics in multiple domains, leading to the concept of multidimensional signal analysis. Multidimensional signal analysis is referred for analyzing the received radio signal from multiple dimensions jointly or separately. Energy detection, autoregressive modeling of a signal, and correlation techniques can also be performed in the time domain. In frequency domain analysis, the received time discrete samples are transformed to frequency by using discrete Fourier transform which is implemented efficiently with fast Fourier transform. To reveal the temporal and spectral components of a nonstationary signal, joint time-frequency analysis (TFA) could be performed. TFA combines time and frequency domain analysis which is especially useful to understand the characteristics of nonstationary, impulsive, and multicomponent signals. Code domain power analysis provides the signal power projected on a code-space normalized to the total signal power. Autocorrelation and cross-correlation are two popular correlation measurements. Correlation analysis provides the degree of similarity between two signals.
Collagen Distribution and Expression of Collagen-Binding α1β1 (VLA-1) and α2β1 (VLA-2) Integrins on CD4 and CD8 T Cells during Influenza Infection (2007)

Most viral infections occur in extralymphoid tissues, yet the mechanisms that regulate lymphocytes in these environments are poorly understood. One feature common to many extralymphoid environments is an abundance of extracellular matrix. We have studied the expression of two members of the beta(1) integrin family of collagen-binding receptors, alpha(1)beta(1) and alpha(2)beta(1) (CD49a, VLA-1 and CD49b, VLA-2, respectively), on CD4 and CD8 T cells during the response to influenza infection in the lung. Flow cytometry showed that whereas T cells infiltrating the lung and airways can express both CD49a and CD49b, CD49a expression was most strongly associated with the CD8+ subset. Conversely, though fewer CD4+ T cells expressed CD49a, most CD4+ cells in the lung tissue or airways expressed CD49b. This reciprocal pattern suggested that CD4 and CD8 T cells might localize differently within the lung tissue and this was supported by immunofluorescent analysis. CD8+ cells tended to localize in close proximity to the collagen IV-rich basement membranes of either the airways or blood vessels, whereas CD4+ cells tended to localize in the collagen I-rich interstitial spaces, with few in the airways. These observations suggest that CD4 T cell interaction with the tissue microenvironment is distinct from CD8 T cells and support the concept that CD4+ T cells in peripheral tissues are regulated differently than the CD8 subset.
Phase stability and photocatalytic activity of Zr-doped anatase synthesized in miniemulsion (2010)

A series of mesoporous anatase-type TiO(2) doped with zirconium (0-50 mol% Zr) was synthesized by combining the sol-gel process with the inverse miniemulsion technique. Nanoparticles between 100 and 300 nm were directly prepared from acidic precursor solutions of titanium glycolate (EGMT) and zirconium isopropoxide. The miniemulsion technique is a simple and convenient method to synthesize nanoparticles of homogeneous size because the reactions (here hydrolysis and condensation) take place in the confined space of nanodroplets (several hundreds of nanometres) and therefore in a highly controlled manner. For low doping levels (0-7.1 mol% Zr), Zr(x)Ti(1 - x)O(2) solid solutions were formed where Zr was uniformly dispersed into the anatase framework. For higher amounts of zirconium (Zr >or= 7.1 mol%), the crystallization of zirconium titanate (ZrTiO(4)) occurred at a low temperature of 650 degrees C and it was obtained as a pure material for 47.4 mol% <or= Zr <or= 50 mol%. The influence of the amount of zirconium on the crystallinity, crystallite size, phase composition and stability, morphology and specific surface area was investigated. For the characterization transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen sorption (BET) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were used. The photocatalytic activity of the crystalline mixed oxides (0-9.4 mol% Zr) was examined for the degradation of methylene blue under UV irradiation.
Psychosocial adversity experienced in utero and early life is associated with variation in gut microbiota: a prospective case-control study (2022)

Abstract Social disadvantage (SD) and psychological stressors (PS) trap some populations in poverty, resulting in health inequities. How these two factors become biologically embedded and the pathways leading to adverse health outcomes is unclear, especially in infants exposed to psychosocial adversity in utero and during early life. Variation in gut microbiome structure and functions, and systemic elevations in circulating cytokines levels as indices of inflammation, offer two possible causative pathways. Here, we interrogate the gut microbiome of mother-child dyads and maternal inflammatory markers, and compare high-SD/high-PS dyads to pairs with low-SD/Low-PS, and demonstrate that the GM of high-SD and high-PS mothers may already be compromised, resulting in the lowest observed inter-individual similarity in that group. The strong predictors of maternal high-SD and high-PS based on mothers and children microbiomes were phylogenetically very distinct bacteria indicating different GM pathways associated with SD versus PS. We identified sets of SD- and PS-discriminatory metabolic pathways in the mothers and in the children, however their predictive power was lower compared to the discriminatory bacterial species. Prediction accuracy was consistently greater for IL-6 than for the other inflammatory markers, supporting an association between systemic inflammation and psychosocial adversity. The gut microbiome of the infants can be used to predict the psychosocial adversity of mothers, and are embedded in the gut microbiota of 4-month-old infants.
Estimation of mass transfer and kinetics in operating biofilters for removal of VOCs (1997)

Long-term, stable operation of trickle-bed bioreactors remains desirable, but is difficult to achieve for industrial processes, which generate continuous streams of dilute gaseous hydrocarbons. Mass transfer and kinetic parameters are difficult to measure, complicating predictive estimates. Two methods are presented which were used to predict the importance of mass transfer versus kinetics limitations in operating trickle-bed biofilters. Both methods altered the overall kinetic activity of the biofilter and estimated the effective mass transfer coefficient (K{sub 1}a) by varying the VOC (volatile organic contaminant) loading rate and concentration. The first method, used with developing biofilters possessing low biomass, involved addition of cultured biomass to the recirculating liquid to effect an overall change in VOC removal capacity. The second method altered the total bed temperature of a well-established biofilter to effect a change. Results and modeling from these experiments are presented for a mixed culture biofilter which is capable of consuming sparingly soluble alkanes, such as pentane and isobutane. Methods to control overgrowth are discussed which were used to operate one reactor continuously for over 24 months with sustained degradation of VOC alkanes with a rate of 50 g/h/m{sup 3}.
Highly Efficient and Water‐Insensitive Self‐Healing Elastomer for Wet and Underwater Electronics (2020)

Abstract Integrating self‐healing capabilities into soft electronic devices increases their durability and long‐term reliability. Although some advances have been made, the use of self‐healing electronics in wet and/or (under)water environments has proven to be quite challenging, and has not yet been fully realized. Herein, a new highly water insensitive self‐healing elastomer with high stretchability and mechanical strength that can reach 1100% and ≈6.5 MPa, respectively, is reported. The elastomer exhibits a high (&gt;80%) self‐healing efficiency (after ≈ 24 h) in high humidity and/or different (under)water conditions without the assistance of an external physical and/or chemical triggers. Soft electronic devices made from this elastomer are shown to be highly robust and able to recover their electrical properties after damages in both ambient and aqueous conditions. Moreover, once operated in extreme wet or underwater conditions (e.g., salty sea water), the self‐healing capability leads to the elimination of significant electrical leakage that would be caused by structural damages. This highly efficient self‐healing elastomer can help extend the use of soft electronics outside of the laboratory and allow a wide variety of wet and submarine applications.
Linguistic analysis of phone interviews of Nobel laureates reveals differences in communication styles between economists and scientists (2023)

Language styles used by academics working in disciplines are different, possibly reflecting how different types of knowledge are conceived, communicated and taught. Most of the studies on the communication style of academics are based on analyses of pre-prepared academic writings and formal speeches. It is not known whether such differences in language styles are also practised in informal, colloquial communications. In this paper, we report a Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) analysis of the telephone interviews given by 82 Nobel Prize laureates in the fields of natural sciences (chemistry, physics, physiology, or medicine) and economic sciences. LIWC analysis identifies differences in usage frequency of words in various language categories. The result shows a higher use of money- and power-related words by economic laureates and a higher use of second-person pronouns among science laureates. When second-person pronouns were used, economic laureates tended to use them as a general reference, while scientists tended to use them as courtesy sentences or discourse markers. These observations indicate that different language styles are used by scholars of different research fields even in their impromptu verbal communications. It is possible that word choices by economists are influenced by the content of economic studies, which are concerned with influencing the external environment and by their preference in describing processes and actions. A more involved and high level of cautions, alertness, and precision in conversion may be indicated in the speaking style of natural scientists.
Optical modulation study of repaired damage morphologies of fused silica by scalar diffraction theory (2017)

The cone and Gaussian repaired damage craters are two typical morphologies induced by CO2 laser evaporation and nonevaporation technologies. The mathematical models are built for these two types of repaired craters, and the light modulation at 355 nm induced by the millimeter-scale repaired damage morphology is studied by scalar diffraction theory. The results show that the modulation of the Gaussian repaired morphology has one peak and then decreases with the increasing distance from 0 to 30 cm. While the modulation for cone repaired morphology remains stable after decreasing quickly with the increasing distance. When the horizontal radius increases, the modulation looks like a saw-tooth. However, the modulation has irregular variations for two kinds of morphologies with the increasing vertical depth. The simulated results agree well with experimental results. The horizontal and vertical dimensions, and downstream distance have different influences on the modulation. The risk of damage to downstream optical components can be suppressed to improve the stability of the optical system if the shape and size of repaired craters are well controlled and the positions of downstream optical components are selected appropriately.