gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-GNSS Constellation Anomaly Detection and Performance Monitoring (2017)

This paper describes a process by which Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) nominal statistics and fault rates can be assessed with high confidence. The use of a GNSS in Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM) requires knowledge of the level of performance of the signal-in-space (SIS) user range error (URE) in both nominal and faulty conditions. The performance characterization is done through a careful analysis of historical data, from which a determination of whether or not it meets the performance commitments of the constellation service provider (CSP) can be made. Typically, this analysis is carried out though a comparison of the broadcast navigation messages with post-processed precise estimates of the satellite clock and orbit states. This paper highlights the issues with such an approach as well as mitigation strategies to those issues. The issues primarily impact the estimates of fault rates rather than nominal statistics, as the number of faults is small compared to the overall amount of nominal data. In particular, methods of ensuring integrity in the logged broadcast navigation messages and precise clock and orbit products used in the analysis are described. In order to verify precise clock and orbit products, a Kalman filter (KF) to produce independent GNSS clock bias estimates has been developed and tested. The KF leverages the International GNSS Service (IGS) receiver network to produce estimates of GNSS clock biases given precisely known positions of the receivers as well as precise satellite orbit products. The KF serves multiple purposes in detecting and verifying faults. First, when only low rate (5 or 15 minute) clock products are available, higher rate products can be produced to detect short faults. Second, when precise clock products are available, the KF serves as a secondary check to protect against erroneous external precise products, which have been observed. Initial testing of the filter has shown an RMS error of under 20 centimeters for a five day run of GPS clock bias estimates, which is sufficient performance for precise product verification and fault detection.
A Simple but Remarkably Effective Device for Forming the C8−C14 Polycyclic Ring System of Halichondrin B (2004)

A simple device consisting of two ion-exchange columns, two alumina-based filters, and a pump (Figure 1) was assembled to form the C8-C14 polycyclic ring system present in the halichondrin B class of marine natural products. The effectiveness of this device was tested for three substrates. In each case, the desired polycyclic ketal 3, 5, or 7 was obtained almost quantitatively in a single operation.
Validation of process compensated resonance testing (PCRT) sorting modules trained with modeled data (2019)

Process Compensated Resonance Testing (PCRT) combines the collection of broadband resonance data with advanced pattern recognition to produce a fast, accurate, and automated non-destructive inspection for aerospace, automotive, and power generation components. To create a PCRT targeted defect inspection (Sorting Module) the resonance spectra of statistically significant populations of characterized acceptable and unacceptable parts are needed to train PCRT algorithms to recognize the frequency patterns that indicate defects in the midst of normal, acceptable material and geometry variations. In cases where a sufficient number of parts are not available, spectra from physical part populations can be supplemented with ’virtual’ spectra generated with PCRT forward models. Previous work investigated the creation of model-trained sorting modules for the detection of creep deformation and crystal orientation for coupon and turbine blade geometries made from single crystal Ni-based superalloy. In this work, model-trained Sorting Modules for crystal orientation and creep deformation were created and then validated with statistically significant populations of physical coupons with and without creep deformation, and with a range of crystal orientations.
Crystal structure of Tris(pyrrolidine-1-carbodithioato)iron(III) (1978)

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Fe{CS2N(CH2)4}3] (a new phase prepared from chloro-form/toluene solutions), has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 295 K and refined to a residual of 0.059 for 5651 'observed' reflections. Crystals are monoclinic, P21/a, a 18.033(6), b 9.398(2), c 13.176(6) ?, ß 100.80(3)°, Z 4. The compound is a purely high-spin derivative, the iron atom being in the usual pseudo-D3 environment with &amp;lt;Fe-S&amp;gt; very long (2.456 ?).
Architectures for optically interconnected multicomputers (2002)

Optical technology has made significant contributions to the state-of-the-art for long distance communications, including high reliability, low interference, security benefits, and (most important) very high bandwidth. However, the technology has yet to be successfully exploited in the domain of tightly-coupled multicomputer systems. Previous efforts in this area have concentrated on replacing existing electrical communications links with an optical counterpart. We propose to redesign the multicomputer architecture from the ground up. To successfully exploit the benefits of optical technology in a tightly-coupled system, the architectural design must reflect both the advantages of optics and the limitations of optics. This paper describes a class of such architectures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
X-Ray Diffraction Study of Mixing States in the Carbon Tetrachloride Solutions of Methanol and Pentane (1983)

Abstract A simple method has been proposed for estimating the state of mixing in a binary solution directly from the radial distribution function. The method has been applied to the estimation of the size of the cluster or aggregate in a binary solution of methanol and carbon tetrachloride. Pure liquid carbon tetrachloride and a binary solution of pentane and carbon tetrachloride have also been studied as reference systems. The number of methanol molecules which form a cluster in the solution at the volume ratio of 8.5(CCl4):1.5(CH3OH) has been estimated to be about 18, which is in good agreement with an estimate by light scattering.
Reaction of 4-Acetoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one with Amino Acid Derivatives (1983)

A reaction of 4-acetoxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4Hlone with t-butoxycarbonyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester (Boc-L-Tyr-OEtl, t-butoxycarbonyl-L-histidine methyl ester (Boc-L-His-OMel and t-butoxycarbonyl-L-tryptophan methyl ester (Boc-L-Trp-
Stretchable Dry Electrodes with Concentric Ring Geometry for Enhancing Spatial Resolution in Electrophysiology (2017)

Abstract The multichannel concentric‐ring electrodes are stencil printed on stretchable elastomers modified to improve adhesion to skin and minimize motion artifacts for electrophysiological recordings of electroencephalography, electromyography, and electrocardiography. These dry electrodes with a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate interface layer are optimized to show lower noise level than that of commercial gel disc electrodes. The concentric ring geometry enables Laplacian filtering to pinpoint the bioelectric potential source with spatial resolution determined by the ring distance. This work shows a new fabrication approach to integrate and create designs that enhance spatial resolution for high‐quality electrophysiology monitoring devices.
Combination of an Anionic Terminator Multifunctional Initiator and Divergent Carbanionic Polymerization:  Application to the Synthesis of Dendrimer-Like Polymers and of Asymmetric and Miktoarm Stars (2008)

A new and versatile synthetic strategy that provides access to precisely defined and totally soluble multicarbanionic initiators has been implemented to obtain by divergent growth dendrimer-like samples of polystyrene (PS) (up to the seventh generation) or polybutadiene (PB) (up to the third generation) and also asymmetric and miktoarm stars. This strategy rests on lithium-halide exchange reactions to generate multicarbanionic species and on the design of an original reagent that can concomitantly react with living carbanionic chains/arms to deactivate them and produce multicarbanionic sites after exchange of its bromides against lithium. This reagent, 4,4'-dibromodiphenylethylene (1), functions as a TERminating agent and a Multifunctional INItiator (TERMINI), according to a concept first proposed by Percec in another context. Upon using this anionic TERMINI in living carbanionic polymerization and repeating the two steps of chain end derivatization by 1 and divergent arm growth from the multifunctional sites generated, perfectly defined dendrimer-like polystyrene and polybutadiene could be obtained up to the seventh generation for the former and up to the third generation for the latter. Each step, i.e., chain end modification and arm growth, was carefully monitored, and the dendrimer-like samples of PS and PB were all characterized by size exclusion chromatography equipped with a multiangle laser light scattering detector (SEC/LS) and high-temperature size exclusion chromatography equipped with a viscometric detector (HT-SEC). The viscosity behavior of these dendrimer-like polystyrenes--bell-shaped variation versus the number of generation--was found to be similar to that reported for regular dendrimers. This chemistry, namely this anionic TERMINI, was also exploited to derive three-arm asymmetric and miktoarm stars.
How Synthetic Quench Rate and Composition Affect the Performance of Lithium Nickel Manganese Oxide Cathode Materials (2020)

A survey of layered lithium-rich nickel manganese oxides cathodes, (formula Li[Ni x Li (1/3–2x/3) Mn (2/3−x/3) ]O 2 ), was conducted. We varied the nickel content from 0.1 to x = 0.25, and the post-calcination quench rate was controlled by employing three different methods: direct metal contact, water immersion, and liquid nitrogen immersion. Both composition and quench methodology impacted materials properties and electrochemical function. We observed that there is a synthetic limit for LLRNMO cathodes that occurs in the range of 0.17 &gt; x &gt; 0.10 below which quenching proved to be critically important in determining phase content and electrochemical behavior. Galvanostatic testing revealed the specific discharge capacities of the LLRNMO cathodes increased over the course of cycling, while the XRD characterization after cycling revealed reduced transition metal ordering. We found that the layered lithium-rich nickel manganese oxide materials made with water quenching performed the best with initial C/20 capacities increasing from around 200 mAh g −1 to over 250 mAh g −1 after 28 cycles while retaining C/2 capacities in excess of 200 mAh g −1 .
Context-Aware Collaborative-Intelligence with Spatio-Temporal In-Sensor-Analytics in a Large-Area IoT Testbed (2020)

Decades of continuous scaling has reduced the energy of unit computing to virtually zero, while energy-efficient communication has remained the primary bottleneck in achieving fully energy-autonomous IoT nodes. This paper presents and analyzes the trade-offs between the energies required for communication and computation in a wireless sensor network, deployed in a mesh architecture over a 2400-acre university campus, and is targeted towards multi-sensor measurement of temperature, humidity and water nitrate concentration for smart agriculture. Several scenarios involving In-Sensor-Analytics (ISA), Collaborative Intelligence (CI) and Context-Aware-Switching (CAS) of the cluster-head during CI has been considered. A real-time co-optimization algorithm has been developed for minimizing the energy consumption in the network, hence maximizing the overall battery lifetime of individual nodes. Measurement results show that the proposed ISA consumes ~467X lower energy as compared to traditional Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication, and ~69,500X lower energy as compared with Long Range (LoRa) communication. When the ISA is implemented in conjunction with LoRa, the lifetime of the node increases from a mere 4.3 hours to 66.6 days with a 230 mAh coin cell battery, while preserving more than 98% of the total information. The CI and CAS algorithms help in extending the worst-case node lifetime by an additional 50%, thereby exhibiting an overall network lifetime of ~104 days, which is &gt;90% of the theoretical limits as posed by the leakage currents present in the system, while effectively transferring information sampled every second. A web-based monitoring system was developed to archive the measured data in a continuous manner, and to report anomalies in the measured data.
Ion energy characteristics downstream of a high power helicon (2008)

The High Power Helicon eXperiment operates at higher powers (37 kW) and lower background neutral pressure than other helicon experiments. The ion velocity distribution function (IVDF) has been measured at multiple locations downstream of the helicon source and a mach 3–6 flowing plasma was observed. The helicon antenna has a direct effect in accelerating the plasma downstream of the source. Also, the IVDF is affected by the cloud of neutrals from the initial gas puff, which keeps the plasma speed low at early times near the source.
Multipolar second harmonic generation in a symmetric nonlinear metamaterial (2017)

Optical nonlinearities are intimately related to the spatial symmetry of the nonlinear media. For example, the second order susceptibility vanishes for centrosymmetric materials under the dipole approximation. The latter concept has been naturally extended to the metamaterials' realm, sometimes leading to the (erroneous) hypothesis that second harmonic (SH) generation is negligible in highly symmetric meta-atoms. In this work we aim to show that such symmetric meta-atoms can radiate SH light efficiently. In particular, we investigate in-plane centrosymmetric meta-atom designs where the approximation for meta-atoms breaks down. In a periodic array this building block allows us to control the directionality of the SH radiation. We conclude by showing that the use of symmetry considerations alone allows for the manipulation of the nonlinear multipolar response of a meta-atom, resulting in e.g. dipolar, quadrupolar, or multipolar emission on demand. This is because the size of the meta-atom is comparable with the free-space wavelength, thus invalidating the dipolar approximation for meta-atoms.
Specific expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor‐1β in the ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma and its application to cytological diagnosis (2007)

Ascitic cytological diagnosis is critical, but ovarian adenocarcinoma cells and reactive mesothelial cells can be difficult to distinguish because they usually have atypical cell nuclei and increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios. Previous studies using DNA microarrays have demonstrated that hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta (HNF-1beta) is expressed specifically in clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCC). Thus, in the present study, we investigated the usefulness of HNF-1beta as an immunocytochemical diagnostic marker of CCC in ascitic specimens. We first confirmed that HNF-1beta expression levels were significantly higher in CCC than in non-CCC (i.e. serous adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma and endometrioid adenocarcinoma) in 55 surgical specimens at both the mRNA (P < 0.05) and protein (P < 0.05) levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Immunocytochemistry of 60 cytological specimens showed significant positivity in CCC cases whereas all non-CCC cells, except for three endometrioid adenocaricnoma cases, and mesothelial cells in the background stained negatively for anti-HNF-1beta antibody (P < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity were calculated to be 0.955 and 0.921, respectively. Immmunostaining patterns of HNF-1beta on cytological specimens were similar to those observed on histopathological ovarian specimens from the same patients. Double immunohistochemical staining using anti-HNF-1beta antibody and HBME-1, a mesothelium-specific monoclonal antibody, confirmed that anti-HNF-1beta antibody distinguished CCC cells and mesothelial cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate the specific expression of HNF-1beta in ovarian CCC and possible clinical applications of HNF-1beta immunocytochemical staining for the differential cytopathological diagnosis of CCC from non-CCC, as well as from mesothelial cells using cytological specimens from ovarian carcinoma patients.
Effect of nitrogen incorporation on the thermal stability of sputter deposited lanthanum aluminate dielectrics on Si (100) (2006)

The thermal stability of sputter deposited LaAlOx and lanthanum aluminum oxynitride (LaAlON) dielectrics on top of Si (100) was evaluated after 1000°C rapid thermal annealing (RTA). A nitrogen concentration of ∼3at.% in the bulk LaAlON film was found to suppress crystallization as well as metal (lanthanum and aluminum) outdiffusion into the Si (100) substrate after the RTA treatment. These results suggest that film microstructure should be carefully controlled to inhibit impurity diffusion in the conventional gate stack fabrication process.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reduction by Deuterium on Platinum Black of exo‐2‐Norbornyl* and endo‐2‐Norbornyl* to Norbornane‐2‐d1 Occurs with Predominant Retention of Configuration. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thermoluminescence properties of Ce-doped CaOAl<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-B<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> glasses (2013)

Basic fluorescence and radiation response properties of 0.25 % Ce-doped 30CaO-20Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -50B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (in molar percent) glass were evaluated. The Ce-doped glass was prepared according to a conventional melt-quenching method using Pt crucible under air atmosphere. The photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) spectra showed a blue emission band due to the 5d-4f allowed transition of Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> . The fluorescence quantum efficiency and decay time of the Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> were estimated to be about 60 % and 37 ns. The glass exhibited good linear TL response in 1-1000 mGy dose range.
Dopant-controlled single-electron pumping through a metallic island (2016)

We investigate a hybrid metallic island/single dopant electron pump based on fully depleted silicon-on-insulator technology. Electron transfer between the central metallic island and the leads is controlled by resonant tunneling through single phosphorus dopants in the barriers. Top gates above the barriers are used to control the resonance conditions. Applying radio frequency signals to the gates, non-adiabatic quantized electron pumping is achieved. A simple deterministic model is presented and confirmed by comparing measurements with simulations.
PEG-fibrinogen hydrogel microspheres as a scaffold for therapeutic delivery of immune cells (2022)

Recent advances in the field of cell therapy have proposed new solutions for tissue repair and regeneration using various cell delivery approaches. Here we studied <i>ex vivo</i> a novel topical delivery system of encapsulated cells in hybrid polyethylene glycol-fibrinogen (PEG-Fb) hydrogel microspheres to respiratory tract models. We investigated basic parameters of cell encapsulation, delivery and release in conditions of inflamed and damaged lungs of bacterial-infected mice. The establishment of each step in the study was essential for the proof of concept. We demonstrated co-encapsulation of alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells that were highly viable and equally distributed inside the microspheres. We found that encapsulated macrophages exposed to bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide preserved high viability and secreted moderate levels of TNFα, whereas non-encapsulated cells exhibited a burst TNFα secretion and reduced viability. LPS-exposed encapsulated macrophages exhibited elongated morphology and out-migration capability from microspheres. Microsphere degradation and cell release in inflamed lung environment was studied <i>ex vivo</i> by the incubation of encapsulated macrophages with lung extracts derived from intranasally infected mice with <i>Yersinia pestis</i>, demonstrating the potential in cell targeting and release in inflamed lungs. Finally, we demonstrated microsphere delivery to a multi-component airways-on-chip platform that mimic human nasal, bronchial and alveolar airways in serially connected compartments. This study demonstrates the feasibility in using hydrogel microspheres as an effective method for topical cell delivery to the lungs in the context of pulmonary damage and the need for tissue repair.
Image enhancement of x-ray phase contrast images of micro objects (2014)

In x-ray based baggage scanning, the ability to identify small devices (e.g. detonator components) and explosives in baggage or shipped parcels relies on being able to&#13;\ncharacterize the materials and details that make up an x-ray image. Recently, an improvement over existing baggage&#13;\nscanning techniques has been proposed in the form of a&#13;\nsystem employing x-ray phase contrast imaging, as this was shown to detect smaller/fainter features and to be more sensitive to materials textures (small-scale inhomogeneites, etc).&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&#13;\nThis paper deals with additional image processing&#13;\nperformed on the phase contrast images produced by the&#13;\nabove system, to further improve its potential. It uses&#13;\ntextural analysis to enhance imaged micro-structures and&#13;\ndevices, and it has been found to be able to provide a&#13;\ncontrast increase of up to 300% on a series of images of a phantom mimicking the presence of an explosive device plus detonator components.&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
A new high-resolution three-dimensional retinal implant: System design and preliminary human results (2022)

Abstract The NR600 retinal prosthetic device is a unique newly developed implant intended to restore visual perception to people who lost their vision due to retinal degenerative diseases. The miniature implant captures the visual image in place of the damaged photoreceptor cells and creates the electrical stimulation required to activate the preserved retinal cell layers. The NR600 system transduces visual signal into electrical signals that are delivered to the retina via an array of needle shaped electrodes to minimize electrical activation levels and improve stimulation localization. NR600 consists of two components: A miniature implantable chip and eyeglasses set worn by the patient. The eyeglasses deliver power and control the implantable device. In this report, we present the NR600 system design, its optical, electrical, and electro-chemical characteristics, and preliminary results from human subjects.