gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bonding Strength of Cu Sinter Die-Bonding Paste on Ni, Cu, Ag, and Au Surfaces under Pressureless Bonding Process (2020)

Herein we report on a copper (Cu) sinter die bonding paste that sinters under pressureless bonding conditions for power devices operating at high temperatures. The shear strengths of pressureless sintered Cu on four different metallization layers (Ni, Cu, Ag, and Au) were studied by experiment. The sintering behavior of Cu nanoparticles and diffusion coefficients at interfaces between a bulk Cu layer and the metallization layers was also evaluated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. After aging (573 K, 8 h), the shear strength of the Cu sintered to the Ni and Cu layers increased, whereas that of Cu sintered to the Ag and Au layers decreased. The interdiffusion at the interfaces between the sintered Cu layer and the Ag or Au layer increased the interfacial porosity of sintered Cu, which decreased the shear strengths in the sintered Cu/Ag and Cu/Au systems. In contrast, the interfacial porosity between the sintered Cu and the Ni or Cu layer hardly changed after aging. MD simulations revealed that Kirkendall voids were promoted by higher interdiffusion coefficients and a higher ratio of intrinsic diffusion coefficients between a bulk Cu layer and an Ag or Au layer. This consequently increased the porosity of Cu sintered near the interfaces.
Emerging Perspectives in Human-Centered Machine Learning (2019)

Current Machine Learning (ML) models can make predictions that are as good as or better than those made by people. The rapid adoption of this technology puts it at the forefront of systems that impact the lives of many, yet the consequences of this adoption are not fully understood. Therefore, work at the intersection of people's needs and ML systems is more relevant than ever. This area of work, dubbed Human-Centered Machine Learning (HCML), re-thinks ML research and systems in terms of human goals. HCML gathers an interdisciplinary group of HCI and ML practitioners, each bringing their unique, yet related perspectives. This one-day workshop is a successor of Gillies et al. 2016 CHI Workshop and focuses on recent advancements and emerging areas in HCML. We aim to discuss different perspectives on these areas and articulate a coordinated research agenda for the XXI century.
Demo (2017)

Bootstrapping efforts and scalability issues hinder large-scale deployment of indoor navigation systems. We present FollowUs, an easily-deployable (bootstrap-free) and scalable indoor navigation system. In addition to robust navigation through real-time trace-following, FollowUs integrates cloud services to process and combine traces at large scale. It can also leverage optional floor plans to further enhance navigation performance. We designed and implemented FollowUs, including a mobile app and cloud services on Azure, and validate its real-world usability.
Titanium distribution in uranium--titanium alloys. [0. 5 and 0. 75 wt % Ti] (1976)

Electron-beam microprobe analyses were used to assess the uniformity of titanium distribution in both as-cast and heat-treated uranium-0.5 weight percent titanium (U-0.5 Ti) and uranium-0.75 weight percent titanium (U-0.75 Ti) alloys. Microsegregation due to coring was readily smoothed by heat treatment, but long-range variability remained (on the order of 0.1 wt percent). An attempt was made to examine titanium macrosegregation by a scanning image analysis measurement of the volume fraction of U/sub 2/Ti in an equilibrium microstructure, but a method for consistently obtaining resolvable U/sub 2/Ti particles could not be developed. As judged by tensile properties, a homogenization heat treatment of 1000/sup 0/ C for 24 hours was apparently the most effective of those tried for homogenizing the U-0.75 Ti alloy. The large grain size of the as-cast tensile bars apparently caused variability in the tensile-test results such that it was difficult to closely assess the optimum values of the heat-treatment parameters. 8 tables, 25 fig. (auth)
A General Strategy for the Asymmetric Preparation of α‐Stereogenic Allyl Silanes, Germanes, and Boronate Esters via Dual Copper Hydride‐ and Palladium‐Catalysis (2022)

α-Stereogenic allyl metalloids are versatile synthetic intermediates which can undergo various stereocontrolled transformations. Most existing methods to prepare α-stereogenic allyl metalloids involve multi-step sequences that curtail the number of compatible substrates and are limited to the synthesis of boronates. Here, we report a general method for the enantioselective preparation of α-stereogenic allyl metalloids utilizing dual CuH- and Pd-catalysis. This approach leverages a stereoretentive Cu-to-Pd transmetalation of an in situ generated alkyl copper species to allow access to enantioenriched allyl silanes, germanes, and boronate esters with broad functional group compatibility.
Use of 13C CP NMR spectroscopy for the quantification of FAU/EMT zeolite intergrowths synthesized with 15-crown-5 and 18-crown-6 ethers (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of 13C CP NMR spectroscopy for the quantification of FAU/EMT zeolite intergrowths synthesized with 15-crown-5 and 18-crown-6 ethersEddy J. P. Feijen, Reinoud A. Reynders, Hilde Geerts, Johan A. Martens, Piet J. Grobet, and Pierre A. JacobsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 7, 1837–1839Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100007a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j100007a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Time-Lapse Nanoscopy of Friction in the Non-Amontons and Non-Coulomb Regime (2014)

Originally discovered by Leonard da Vinci in the 15th century, the force of friction is directly proportional to the applied load (known as Amontons' first law of friction). Furthermore, kinetic friction is independent of the sliding speed (known as Coulomb's law of friction). These empirical laws break down at high normal pressure (due to plastic deformation) and low sliding speed (in the transition regime between static friction and kinetic friction). An important example of this phenomenon is friction between the asperities of tectonic plates on the Earth. Despite its significance, little is known about the detailed mechanism of friction in this regime due to the lack of experimental methods. Here we demonstrate in situ time-lapse nanoscopy of friction between asperities sliding at ultralow speed (∼0.01 nm/s) under high normal pressure (∼GPa). This is made possible by compressing and rubbing a pair of nanometer-scale crystalline silicon anvils with electrostatic microactuators and monitoring its dynamical evolution with a transmission electron microscope. Our analysis of the time-lapse movie indicates that superplastic behavior is induced by decrystallization, plastic deformation, and atomic diffusion at the asperity-asperity interface. The results hold great promise for a better understanding of quasi-static friction under high pressure for geoscience, materials science, and nanotechnology.
<title>Highly robust pose estimator based on synthetic estimation filters</title> (1997)

Holographic recording techniques have been applied to implement synthetic estimation filters (SEF) for pose estimation of a docking spacecraft. Each SEF is a weighted combination of Fourier-plane hologram exposures of different target attitudes. These particular attitudes represent a span of the attitudes among which the SEFs will ratiometrically interpolate the attitude of the target in an input image. The pose is estimated by comparing the correlation peak intensities for all the filters with previously stored reference intensity peaks.
Acquired Resistance to Transplantation Tolerance as a Result of Prior Pregnancy Requires B Cells (2018)

Introduction Clinical data suggest allogeneic pregnancy is a sensitizing event; yet, recent data from mouse models indicates it induces fetal-specific regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion that mediates systemic, fetal-specific immune regulation post-partum (PP). In this study, we aimed to define the mechanism for acquired resistance to allograft tolerance after allogeneic pregnancy. Methods Virgin female wild-type (WT) B/6, μKO, or anti-HEL BCR-tg (MD4) mice were mated with male B/c-2W-OVA transgenic mice. Fetus-specific IgG were monitored by flow cytometry, while donor-specific cellular responses were tracked using Kd+IEd+Ld tetramers for B cells, and 2W:I-Ab and OVA:Kb tetramers for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively. At PP day 30–45, F1 (B/6 x B/c)-2W-OVA heart transplants (HTx) were performed and anti-CD154 (POD 0, 7, 14) and donor splenocytes (DST, POD 0) were used to induce tolerance. Results Fetus-specific IgG increased during and post-pregnancy to a 9-fold peak by PP day 21. Prior donor-matched pregnancy, but not syngeneic pregnancy, prevented the induction of tolerance in 60% of PP-WT B/6 recipients, despite a significant increase in percentage of fetal-specific FOXP3+ cells and a modest reduction in number of fetal-specific conventional CD4+ T cells (Tconvs) examined at POD 21–189, compared to PP-WT B/6 untransplanted controls. In contrast, ongoing donor-specific germinal center B cell responses were detected suggesting a B cell-mediated resistance to transplant tolerance. Strikingly, anti-CD154/DST successfully achieved long-term graft acceptance in PP-μKO B/6 and PP-MD4 (normal B cell numbers but ≤5% donor-specific B cells compared to WT) recipients. Conclusion Despite the sustained expansion of maternal FoxP3+ Tregs with fetal/allograft-specificity, allogeneic pregnancy results in subsequent resistance to transplant tolerance induced with anti-CD154/DST. These studies provide new insights into the mechanism of pregnancy-induced sensitization by demonstrating a necessity for B cells in preventing subsequent induction of fetal/allograft-specific transplantation tolerance. American Society of Transplant Surgeons.
Identification of the putative intestinal stem cell marker doublecortin and CaM kinase‐like‐1 in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma (2011)

In the present study, we report the progressive increase of DCAMKL-1 expression in BE from dysplasia to EAC. Furthermore, there was an increase in putative stem cell markers DCAMKL-1, LGR5, and Msi-1 mRNA. Taken together, these data suggest that the regulation of resident stem cells might play an important role in the progression of BE to EAC.
Mechanisms of DES carcinogenicity: effects of the TGF alpha transgene. (1997)

Inappropriate estrogen exposure during critical periods of development will cause numerous abnormalities in the female reproductive tract. Epigenetic effects on the expression of estrogen-regulated genes is proposed to be one of the mechanisms by which neonatal estrogen elicits teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. Of note is the existence of an integral relationship between the regulation of members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene family and estrogen effects on the growth and differentiation of the reproductive tract. To determine whether the EGF gene family plays a critical role in mediating the pathogenic effects of estrogen, we have used transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) transgenic mice to investigate the effects of constitutive TGF alpha expression in the reproductive tract and whether TGF alpha would potentiate carcinogenesis induced by the potent estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), and by the carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). The animals were homozygous TGF alpha transgenic female mice from the MT42 line and the parental CD-1 outbred mice. Constitutive TGF alpha expression was found to augment the effects of both DES and DMBA in eliciting hyperplastic and differentiation changes in the reproductive tract. The presence of the TGF alpha transgene significantly increased the incidence of DES-induced vaginal adenosis, uterine endometrial hyperplasia, hypaspadia, and benign ovarian cysts. In addition TGF alpha potentiated the effects of DMBA in eliciting uterine polyps and benign ovarian cysts, and in the retention of Wolffian Duct remnants. However, the incidence of reproductive tract neoplasia was not promoted by the presence of the TGF alpha transgene. This study indicates that TGF alpha plays a role in the developmental and morphogenic events of both the Müllerian duct and urogenital sinus, and that deregulation is associated with pathogenesis of these tissues. Furthermore, the fact that constitutive expression of the TGF alpha did not substitute for DES as a reproductive tract carcinogen or act as a promoter of DES-induced uterine neoplasia suggest that DES carcinogenesis involves more than aberrant expression of this single growth factor.
INHIBITION OF SPERMATOGENESIS IN THE RAT BY TREATMENT WITH [D-Ala6,DES-GLY-NH210]LHRH ETHYLAMIDE (1978)

The effect of treatment with a potent LHRH agonist, [D-Ala6, Des-Gly-NH210]LHRH ethylamide, injected at the low dose of 100 ng, twice a week, was evaluated on spermatogenesis in the rat. Significant degenerative changes of seminiferous tubules could be observed after two weeks of treatment. These changes were progressive and led to a marked inhibition of spermatogenesis after four to eight weeks of treatment. Testis weight was decreased to approximately 50% of control after eight weeks of treatment.
A ±2m°C linearity silicon temperature sensor (2017)

Linearity of known silicon-based temperature sensors is limited by Early voltage effects [1]. A highly linear temperature sensor based on the base-emitter voltage difference of two bipolar transistors operating at different collector current densities with forward and reverse Early voltage compensation is presented. As it is demonstrated here, the linearity of such a temperature sensor may be increased significantly when compared to uncompensated architectures of silicon-based temperature sensors.
Les grandes tendances de l’innovation biomédicale au xxie siècle (2011)

En ce début de xxie siècle, les découvertes en sciences de la vie suivent un rythme accéléré. Le séquençage du génome humain représente des opportunités majeures pour les chercheurs, mais crée autant de défis redessinant les voies que la recherche médicale est susceptible d’emprunter. Alors que le public attend des progrès rapides, la mise sur le marché de traitements de valeur ralentit. Ainsi, la Food and Drug Administration, une instance de certification, a approuvé moitié moins de molécul...
3D Reconstruction of the Magnetic Vector Potential using Model Based\n Iterative Reconstruction (2017)

Lorentz Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observations of magnetic\nnanoparticles contain information on the magnetic and electrostatic potentials.\nVector Field Electron Tomography (VFET) can be used to reconstruct\nelectromagnetic potentials of the nanoparticles from their corresponding LTEM\nimages. The VFET approach is based on the conventional filtered back projection\napproach to tomographic reconstructions and the availability of an incomplete\nset of measurements due to experimental limitations means that the\nreconstructed vector fields exhibit significant artifacts. In this paper, we\noutline a model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithm to reconstruct\nthe magnetic vector potential of magnetic nanoparticles. We combine a forward\nmodel for image formation in TEM experiments with a prior model to formulate\nthe tomographic problem as a maximum a-posteriori probability estimation\nproblem (MAP). The MAP cost function is minimized iteratively to determine the\nvector potential. A comparative reconstruction study of simulated as well as\nexperimental data sets show that the MBIR approach yields quantifiably better\nreconstructions than the VFET approach.\n
Chapter 41 Low-Level Laser Therapy (2016)

Several modalities for the treatment of tinnitus have been proposed;however, an eﬀective standard treatment is still to be conﬁrmed.Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been proposed as a new therapyfor the treatment of tinnitus. However, the application of LLLT ontinnitus remains obscure in the literature. Then, in the presentchapter, we aimed to show the state of the art of LLLT on tinnitus.
Scatterometry and AFM measurement combination for area selective deposition process characterization (2019)

With the Area Selective Deposition (ASD) technique, the material is deposited on desired areas of the sample surface. The control of such process implies accurate characterization of the deposited material on both growth and non-growth surfaces. This requires, first a good measurement capability to quantify the geometry of the deposited layer, and second, a proper assessment of the process selectivity. In this work, we show how to combine two complementary measurement techniques to overcome their individual inherent limitations<sup>1</sup> for ASD applications. Scatterometry, the first measurement technique, has been applied to the characterization of the deposited layer geometry properties because of its high sensitivity to dimensional features and material. To complement the ASD performance characterization with the local information, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been used to access the topography details of the analyzed surfaces. We have analyzed the AFM images with the power spectral density (PSD) approach to identify undesired material deposition in the non-growth area and thus to characterize process selectivity through the comparison to a reference sample. Experimental validation of the scatterometry and AFM techniques for ASD applications has been done on wafers having various selectivity levels. The scatterometry metrology measured accurately the thickness of the deposited layer on both growth and non-growth areas when the deposited layer became uniform. The lateral overgrowth was quantified as well with the same technique and showed some changes from process condition to another. In addition, the PSD analysis applied to the AFM images was able to probe minutely the nanoparticles nucleation on the non-growth area and as result has revealed the selectivity transition regimes. Later, we have built a hybrid model by the combination of the 2 metrologies results and validated its predictions on test wafers.
An algorithm for eddy currents symmetrization and compensation (1996)

Eddy currents, which are induced in the magnet cryostat by pulsed magnetic field gradients in MRI, generate undesired eddy fields within the imaging volume. In this work, an automated and computerized algorithm to compensate these eddy currents is presented. The compensation is done in two steps: (i) Eddy fields are symmetrized electronically with an R-C filter. (ii) The symmetric eddy fields are compensated by another R-C filter. The compensation algorithm is iterative; therefore, errors that remain from one iteration are eliminated in the next iteration. Hence, the compensation process is very robust and accurate. It is shown that all the even harmonics of the eddy fields are eliminated by the symmetrization process, but the odd field harmonics remain. The amplitude of these odd harmonics can be significantly reduced if the gradient coils are designed so that the field they generate is spatially similar to the eddy fields.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Preparation of cis,cis‐Trisubstituted Cyclopropane Nucleosides. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and realization of a millimeter-wave Si/SiGe HBT frequency multiplier (1998)

In this paper, the design of an active millimeter-wave frequency doubler using an Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) as the active device is studied. Simulations are made using a developed physics-based large-signal model for Si/SiGe HBT's, which includes thermal dependence. Despite the high-output operating frequency of the fabricated doubler being close to f/sub max/ 67 GHz for the Si/SiGe HBT, the conversion efficiency in a not completely optimized circuit is found to be better than -12 dB. The 3-dB bandwidth for the doubler is approximately 7.4%. These results are found to be comparable to a heterojunction field-effect transistor (HFET) doubler operating equally close to its f/sub max/. Simulated results of the doubler performance with varied terminating impedances for the HBT are presented as design aids.
Three‐dimensional Ceramic/Camphene‐based Coextrusion for Unidirectionally Macrochanneled Alumina Ceramics with Controlled Porous Walls (2013)

We report the utility of three‐dimensional ceramic/camphene‐based coextrusion, newly developed in this study, for the production of unidirectionally macrochanneled alumina ceramics with three‐dimensionally interconnected porous alumina walls. In this technique, a continuous ceramic/camphene filament with a diameter of 1 mm, comprised of a pure camphene core and a frozen alumina/camphene shell, was produced by the coextrusion process and then deposited in a layer‐by‐layer sequence using a computer‐controlled 3‐axis moving table. Unidirectionally aligned macrochannels (~400 μm in diameter) and three‐dimensionally interconnected pores (several tens of micrometers in size) in the alumina walls were created by removing the camphene core and the camphene dendrites formed in the alumina/camphene region, respectively. The sample showed much higher compressive strength in the macrochannel direction than in the perpendicular direction. In addition, the compressive strength of the sample could increase with an increase in initial alumina content owing to a decrease in the total porosity.