gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Textured substrate method for the direct continuous casting of steel sheet; Final report (1990)

The three goals of this research project were to demonstrate the feasibility of casting steel strip up to 2 mm (0.079 in) thick on a textured chill roll, to develop the thermal-mechanical processing to optimize the properties of the steel strip and to measure the properties of the steel strip as a function of casting and metalworking variables. Each of these goals have been realized. Type 304 stainless strip measuring up to 329 mm (12.9 in) wide and up to 1.98 mm (0.078 in) thick was cast on a 600 mm (24 in) copper chill roll with a 14 pitch, 60 degree diamond knurl pattern machined on it`s circumference. The casting speed was 0.15 m/s and the depth of liquid steel in contact with the chill roll was approximately 127 m (5 in). The most important process variables are the texture on the chill roll, the chemistry and temperature of the liquid steel, the depth of liquid in contact with the chill roll and the casting speed. It has been shown that thermal mechanical treatment can significantly improve both the surface finish and mechanical properties of Type 304 stainless steel. Cold rolling in excess of 30% reduction serves to completelymore » eliminate the textured pattern from direct cast Type 304 stainless steel strips. Furthermore, cold rolling followed by annealing can produce commercial ingot metallurgy steels. Specifically, for Type 304 stainless steel, 30% cold rolling followed by a 40 minute anneal at 1100 {degree}C (2012 {degree}F) produced equiaxed austenite grains with an average diameter of approximately 20 {mu}m (0.0008 in), and this material gives approximately 45% elongation to failure with and ultimate tensile strength of 660 MPa (96 ksi). 27 refs., 40 figs., 7 tabs.« less
The Gemini interconnect: Data path measurements and performance analysis (2003)

The Gemini interconnect is a dual technology (optical and electrical) interconnection network designed for use in tightly-coupled multicomputer systems. It consists of a circuit-switched optical data path in parallel with a packet-switched electrical control/data path. Here, we present quantitative measurements of optical data path operation from the physical implementation, as well as a discrete-event simulation model of the entire interconnect that includes visualization capabilities. Performance analyses of several aspects of system operation are developed from the simulation model.
Colour stability of a new light‐cured ceramic stain system subjected to glazing temperature (2001)

A light-cured ceramic stain system (Orbit LC) offers promise as an effective method for surface characterization of ceramic restorations. This study evaluated colour change after glazing procedures for six commonly used stains from this novel system. One hundred and five ceramic specimens were made of the same enamel porcelain powder and standardized in size. The stains were applied on ceramic blocks and light-cured according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Porcelain colour was then measured with a calibrated colorimeter before and after each glazing procedure. The CIEL*a*b* colour co-ordinates were obtained as a measure of the direction and magnitude of colour change. Colour changes were noted for all six stains when subjected to the first glazing procedure (DeltaE* = 1.25-4.73). Brown, orange and green stains showed the greatest colour shifts (DeltaE* > 3.3), which might be considered clinically significant. However, the colour change is not of the same pattern in the colour space. Compared with the first glazing procedure, the second and third glazing procedures demonstrated less effect on the colour stability of the stains (DeltaE* = 0.36-1.12). The results provide important information about colour shifts in the system, which require overcorrection during stain application.
Real‐time motion correction in two‐dimensional multislice imaging with through‐plane navigator (2013)

The proposed real-time three-dimensional motion correction method does not introduce any additional three-dimensional radiofrequency excitation and does not require any additional hardware.
A Role for Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in the Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2008)

Using a mouse model of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), we demonstrate a central role for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in lung maturation at the developmental stage when human neonates are most susceptible to RDS. We prematurely delivered mouse pups at embryonic day 18, during the early saccular stage of pulmonary development. Only 8% of the prematurely delivered pups genetically deficient in MIF survived 8 h vs 75% of wild-type controls (p<0.001). This phenotype was corrected when pups of all genotypes were bred from dams heterozygote for MIF deficiency. Local production of MIF in the lung increased at embryonic day 18, continued until full-term at embryonic day 19.5, and decreased in adulthood, thus coinciding with this developmental window. The lungs of pups genetically deficient in MIF were less mature upon histological evaluation, and demonstrated lower levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and corticosterone--two factors that promote fetal lung maturation. In vitro studies support a role for MIF in surfactant production by pulmonary epithelial cells. In a cohort of human neonates with RDS, higher intrapulmonary MIF levels were associated with a lower likelihood of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a sequelae of RDS (p<0.03). This study demonstrates for the first time a role for MIF in lung maturation, and supports a protective role for MIF in newborn lung disease.
(When) will FPGAs kill ASICs? (panel session) (2001)

There was a time - in the dim historical past - when foundries actually made ASICs with only 5000 to 50,000 logic gates. But FPGAs and CPLDs conquered those markets and pushed ASIC silicon toward opportunities with more logic, volume, and speed. Today's largest FPGAs approach the few-million-gate size of a typical ASIC design, and continue to sprout embedded cores, such as CPUs, memories, and interfaces. And given the risks of nonworking nanometer silicon, FPGA costs and time-to-market are looking awfully attractive. So, will FPGAs kill ASICs? ASIC technologists certainly think not. ASICs are themselves sprouting patches of programmable FPGA fabric, and pushing new realms of size and especially speed. New tools claim to have tamed the convergence problems of older ASIC flows. Is the future to be found in a market full of FPGAs with ASIC-like cores? ASICs with FPGA cores? Other exotic hybrids? Our panelists will share their disagreements on these prognostications.
Phase I Dose Escalation Clinical Trial of Adenovirus Vector Carrying Osteocalcin Promoter-Driven Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase in Localized and Metastatic Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer (2003)

Osteocalcin (OC), a major noncollagenous bone matrix protein, is expressed prevalently in prostate cancer epithelial cells, adjacent fibromuscular stromal cells, and osteoblasts in locally recurrent prostate cancer and prostate cancer bone metastasis [Matsubara, S., Wada, Y., Gardner, T.A., Egawa, M., Park, M.S., Hsieh, C.L., Zhau, H.E., Kao, C., Kamidono, S., Gillenwater, J.Y., and Chung, L.W. (2001). Cancer Res. 61, 6012-6019]. We constructed an adenovirus vector carrying osteocalcin promoter-driven herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (Ad-OC-hsv-TK) to cotarget prostate cancer cells and their surrounding stromal cells. A phase I dose escalation clinical trial of the intralesional administration of Ad-OC-hsv-TK followed by oral valacyclovir was conducted at the University of Virginia (Charlottesville, VA) in 11 men with localized recurrent and metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (2 local recurrent, 5 osseous metastasis, and 4 lymph node metastasis) in order to determine the usefulness of this vector for the palliation of androgen-independent prostate cancer metastasis. This is the first clinical trial in which therapeutic adenoviruses are injected directly into prostate cancer lymph node and bone metastasis. Results show that (1). all patients tolerated this therapy with no serious adverse events; (2). local cell death was observed in treated lesions in seven patients (63.6%) as assessed by TUNEL assay, and histomorphological change (mediation of fibrosis) was detected in all posttreated specimens; (3). one patient showed stabilization of the treated lesion for 317 days with no alternative therapy. Of the two patients who complained of tumor-associated symptoms before the treatment, one patient with bone pain had resolution of pain, although significant remission of treated lesions was not observed by image examination; (4). CD8-positive T cells were predominant compared with CD4-positive T cells, B cells (L26 positive), and natural killer cells (CD56 positive) in posttreated tissue specimens; (5). levels of HSV TK gene transduction correlated well with coxsackie-adenovirus receptor expression but less well with the titers of adenovirus injected; and (6). intrinsic OC expression and the efficiency of HSV TK gene transduction affected the levels of HSV TK protein expression in clinical specimens. Our data suggest that this form of gene therapy requires further development for the treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer metastasis although histopathological and immunohistochemical evidence of apoptosis was observed in the specimens treated. Further studies including the development of viral delivery will enhance the efficacy of Ad-OC-hsv-TK.
Mobile-Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty (2005)

In vivo kinematics were determined during a weightbearing deep knee bend in 39 patients implanted with four different designs of mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty to assess polyethylene bearing mobility patterns and magnitudes. The femoral and tibial components and mobile polyethylene insert (implanted with four tantalum beads) were overlaid onto the fluoroscopic images using a three-dimensional model-fitting technique to determine bearing mobility. Three of the four designs were tested at a single time interval while one was evaluated at two postoperative intervals, (12 months apart) to assess changes in bearing mobility with time. All patients had polyethylene bearing rotation relative to the tibial tray and minimal rotation relative to the femoral component. The average maximum amounts of bearing rotation ranged from 8.4 degrees to 10.3 degrees (range, 3.0 degrees -20.1 degrees). In patients evaluated at two time intervals, the average maximum bearing rotation increased from 8.5 degrees (range, 3.4 degrees -15.5 degrees) at 3 months to 9.8 degrees (range, 48 degrees -14.1 degrees) 15 months postoperatively. The presented data demonstrates polyethylene bearing mobility occurs following mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty and mobility is maintained during the time interval tested. The presence of bearing mobility should result in lower contact stresses reducing the potential for polyethylene wear.
Composición mineral de pastizales en relación con la posición topográfica (1990)

8 paginas, 2 figuras, 1 tabla.-- Con la colaboracion tecnica de: L. Garcia, J.C. Estevez y M. Hernandez.
Advancements in Liquid Jet Technology and X-ray Spectroscopy for Understanding Energy Conversion Materials during Operation (2023)

ConspectusWater splitting is intensively studied for sustainable and effective energy storage in green/alternative energy harvesting-storage-release cycles. In this work, we present our recent developments for combining liquid jet microtechnology with different types of soft X-ray spectroscopy at high-flux X-ray sources, in particular developed for studying the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We are particularly interested in the development of <i>in situ</i> photon-in/photon-out techniques, such as in situ resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) techniques at high-repetition-frequency X-ray sources, pointing toward <i>operando</i> capabilities. The pilot catalytic systems we use are perovskites having the general structure ABO<sub>3</sub> with lanthanides or group II elements at the A sites and transition metals at the B sites. Depending on the chemical substitutions of ABO<sub>3</sub>, their catalytic activity for OER can be tuned by varying the composition.In this work, we present our <i>in situ</i> RIXS studies of the manganese L-edge of perovskites during OER. We have developed various X-ray spectroscopy approaches like transmission zone plate-, reflection zone plate-, and grating-based emission spectroscopy techniques. Combined with tunable incident X-ray energies, we yield complementary information about changing (inverse) X-ray absorption features of the perovskites, allowing us to deduce element- and oxidation-state-specific chemical monitoring of the catalyst. Adding liquid jet technology, we monitor element- and oxidation-state-specific interactions of the catalyst with water adsorbate during OER. By comparing the different technical spectroscopy approaches combined with high-repetition-frequency experiments at synchrotrons and free-electron lasers, we conclude that the combination of liquid jet with low-resolution zone-plate-based X-ray spectroscopy is sufficient for element- and oxidation-state-specific chemical monitoring during OER and easy to handle.For an in-depth study of OER mechanisms, however, including the characterization of catalyst-water adsorbate in terms of their charge transfer properties and especially valence intermediates formed during OER, high-resolution spectroscopy tools based on a combination of liquid jets with gratings bear bigger potential since they allow resolution of otherwise-overlapping X-ray spectroscopy transitions. Common for all of these experimental approaches is the conclusion that without the versatile developments of liquid jets and liquid beam technologies, elaborate experiments such as high-repetition experiments at high-flux X-ray sources (like synchrotrons or free-electron lasers) would hardly be possible. Such experiments allow sample refreshment for every single X-ray shot for repetition frequencies of up to 5 MHz, so that it is possible (a) to study X-ray-radiation-sensitive samples and also (b) to utilize novel types of flux-hungry X-ray spectroscopy tools like photon-in/photon-out X-ray spectroscopy to study the OER.
NF-&#954;B as a Therapeutic Target for Transcription Factor Decoy Strategy in Inflammatory Diseases (2003)

Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is a transcription factor associated with modulation of the immune response. NF-κB is a heterodimer consisting of subunits p50, p52 and p65 (Rel A) or Rel B or cRel (the most common NF-κB heterodimer consist of subunits p50 and p65) that belong to the Rel family of genes, which includes the v-rel oncogene, the c-rel protooncogene and dorsal, a Drosophia morphogen. In its quiesecent state, NF-κB is in the cytoplasm, bound to a family of inhibitory proteins that are collectively called IkB. Several molecules, including interleukin (IL)-1, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, reactive oxygen intermediates and viral products activate NF-κB through phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IkB. Activation by these agents leads to exposure of the nuclear localization signal of NF-κB and entry into the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, NF-κB transcriptionally activates a variety of genes involved in the inflammatory process, including intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM) and IL-8. The family of NF-κB transcription factor is a topic of interest in the biomedical community stemming from the role NF-κB plays in almost every aspect of cell regulation such as stress responses, immune cell activation, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation and oncogenic transformation. Recently, we have developed a novel molecular strategy termed the decoy approach to inhibit NF-κB activity. Moreover, E2F decoy strategy has already been used in the clinical trials to prevent the vascular disease. Taken together, the decoy strategy is considered to have the potential of clinical application. Keywords: transcription factor, decoy, gene therapy, glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, myocardial infarction, transplantation
Measurement and clinical significance of circulating hematopoietic growth factor levels. (1994)

Immunoassays have recently made it possible to specifically measure the circulating levels of hematopoietic growth factors. This is helping us to understand the in vivo regulation of hematopoiesis under conditions of steady state or stress, providing insights into the physiological roles of hematopoietic growth factors and their importance in the pathogenesis of disease. As mediators of pathological processes, hematopoietic growth factors may be targets for antagonist therapy in some diseases. Exogenous hematopoietic growth factors may also be useful therapeutically to augment physiological responses, so understanding hematopoietic growth factor regulation and serum levels may assist the development of specific therapies. Hematopoietic growth factor levels may also serve as tumor markers and assist prognostication or monitoring during the clinical course of an illness. The growth factors of particular interest include the four classic colony-stimulating factors: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and multi-colony-stimulating factor, also known as interleukin-3. Other cytokines with hematopoietic growth factor activity include interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-11, stem cell factor (also known as Steel factor or mast cell growth factor), and leukemia inhibitory factor.
Reduction and hydroboration with borane and haloborane complexes of poly(propylene sulfide) grafted on crosslinked polystyrene (1985)

Abstract Preparation of borane and haloborane complexes of poly(propylene sulfide) grafted on crosslinked polystyrene was investigated. Graft polymer–borane was prepared by reaction of graft polymer with B 2 H 6 and BH 3 –THF. Graft polymer–haloborane was prepared by reaction with haloborane–tetrahydrofuran and by reaction of borane‐bound graft polymer with halogen. Graft polymers with high borane (2.44 mmol/g) and haloborane (163 mmol/g) content were reached. The use of these graft polymers as polymeric reagents for reduction of carbonyl compounds and hydroboration was investigated. Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters were reduced in high yields to the corresponding alcohols by borane‐bound graft polymer. The graft polymer showed good chemoselectivity in competative reduction of cyclohexanone and other ketones and aldehydes, as well as in competative reduction of acetophenone and benzaldehyde. Reactivity of graft and homopolymer–borane was similar to that of borane–methyl sulfide. Hydroboration of alkenes with these graft polymers, followed by alkaline oxidation, led to the formation of the corresponding alcohols in high yields. Hydroboration was highly regioselective. Stability of the graft polymer–borane and recycling of that graft polymer were investigated. Cleavage of the poly(propylene sulfide) by the borane bound polymer took place to some extent. At 0°C no borane loss was found over a 5‐week period. When recycled, 85% of the original borane content could be regenerated at the end of the fourth cycle.
Monitoring GPCR-&#946;-arrestin1/2 Interactions in Real Time Living Systems to Accelerate Drug Discovery (2019)

Interactions between G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and β-arrestins are vital processes with physiological implications of great importance. Currently, the characterization of novel drugs towards their interactions with β-arrestins and other cytosolic proteins is extremely valuable in the field of GPCR drug discovery particularly during the study of GPCR biased agonism. Here, we show the application of a novel structural complementation assay to accurately monitor receptor-β-arrestin interactions in real time living systems. This method is simple, accurate and can be easily extended to any GPCR of interest and also it has the advantage that it overcomes unspecific interactions due to the presence of a low expression promoter present in each vector system. This structural complementation assay provides key features that allow an accurate and precise monitoring of receptor-β-arrestin interactions, making it suitable in the study of biased agonism of any GPCR system as well as GPCR c-terminus ‘phosphorylation codes’ written by different GPCR-kinases (GRKs) and post-translational modifications of arrestins that stabilize or destabilize the receptor-β-arrestin complex.
Tissue engineering with mesenchymal stem cells (2003)

The possibilities of using stem cells in place of tissue-specific cells. This article focuses on tissue engineering therapies and presents the potential use of autologous stem cells in place of allogeneic or xenogeneic tissue-specific cells, with an emphasis on adult mesenchymal stem cells. Scaffolds, synthetic extracellular matrices to support cell growth and tissue development, are covered with respect to specific material requirements, scaffold types, and fabrication techniques.
Imaging Reporters for Proteasome Activity Identify Tumor- and Metastasis-Initiating Cells (2015)

Tumor-initiating cells, also designated as cancer stem cells, are proposed to constitute a subpopulation of malignant cells central to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and treatment resistance. We analyzed the activity of the proteasome, the primary organelle for targeted protein degradation, as a marker of tumor- and metastasis-initiating cells. Using human and mouse breast cancer cells expressing a validated fluorescent reporter, we found a small subpopulation of cells with low proteasome activity that divided asymmetrically to produce daughter cells with low or high proteasome activity. Breast cancer cells with low proteasome activity had greater local tumor formation and metastasis in immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice. To allow flexible labeling of cells, we also developed a new proteasome substrate based on HaloTag technology. Patient-derived glioblastoma cells with low proteasome activity measured by the HaloTag reporter show key phenotypes associated with tumor-initiating cells, including expression of a stem cell transcription factor, reconstitution of the original starting population, and enhanced neurosphere formation. We also show that patient-derived glioblastoma cells with low proteasome activity have higher frequency of tumor formation in mouse xenografts. These studies support proteasome function as a tool to investigate tumor- and metastasis-initiating cancer cells and a potential biomarker for outcomes in patients with several different cancers.