gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
220-fs erbium-ytterbium:glass laser mode locked by a broadband low-loss silicon/germanium saturable absorber (2005)

We demonstrate femtosecond performance of an ultrabroadband high-index-contrast saturable Bragg reflector consisting of a silicon/silicon dioxide/germanium structure that is fully compatible with CMOS processing. This device offers a reflectivity bandwidth of over 700 nm and subpicosecond recovery time of the saturable loss. It is used to achieve mode locking of an Er-Yb:glass laser centered at 1540 nm, generating 220-fs pulses, with what is to our knowledge the broadest output spectrum to date.
Packaging Dissimilar Materials for Microfluidic Applications (2002)

In this paper we address the problem of assembling several different microfluidic devices, often made from different materials, into a hybrid packaged system. The focus will be on integration of silicon microfluidic die into larger hybrid systems. Details of three different approaches are presented: 1) a plastic flow manifold with tape die attach, 2) multiple capillary die insertion utilizing PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane – silicone adhesive) for sealing and structural support, and 3) die attachment to a glass flow manifold utilizing anodic bonding. The unique tools required for each of these three techniques will be described. Sealed microfluidic connections (&amp;gt;10 ATM pressure) between silicon microfluidic chips (die) and flow manifolds are demonstrated.
Strain-mediated 180° perpendicular magnetization switching of a single domain multiferroic structure (2015)

Analytical results for a voltage induced 180 perpendicular magnetization switching in a single magnetic nanoelement are presented. This 180 switching is achieved by combining perpendicular magnetic anisotropy due to surface effects with a temporally short voltage induced strain pulse. The angular momentum of the magnetic moment results in its precession in response to an in-plane effective magnetic field induced by strain, causing it to overshoot the 90 reorientation to an in-plane equilibrium position. Removal of the strain at the peak overshoot results in a 180 magnetization switch. This process is simulated using a micromagnetic dynamic approach implemented in a finite element framework that includes shape anisotropy and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy contributions to the energy functional in addition to the exchange and magnetoelastic energy terms. Control of the energy landscape to enable the 180 switching was accomplished by controlling the film thickness, and the strain pulse amplitude and duration. A film thickness near the critical thickness for in-plane to out-of-plane equilibrium magnetization direction was used to reduce the energy barrier to switching and thus reduce the necessary strain to levels that can be achieved in ferroelectric thin films clamped by a substrate.
Identification and Functional Analysis of the Vision-Specific BBS3 (ARL6) Long Isoform (2010)

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a heterogeneous syndromic form of retinal degeneration. We have identified a novel transcript of a known BBS gene, BBS3 (ARL6), which includes an additional exon. This transcript, BBS3L, is evolutionally conserved and is expressed predominantly in the eye, suggesting a specialized role in vision. Using antisense oligonucleotide knockdown in zebrafish, we previously demonstrated that bbs3 knockdown results in the cardinal features of BBS in zebrafish, including defects to the ciliated Kupffer's Vesicle and delayed retrograde melanosome transport. Unlike bbs3, knockdown of bbs3L does not result in Kupffer's Vesicle or melanosome transport defects, rather its knockdown leads to impaired visual function and mislocalization of the photopigment green cone opsin. Moreover, BBS3L RNA, but not BBS3 RNA, is sufficient to rescue both the vision defect as well as green opsin localization in the zebrafish retina. In order to demonstrate a role for Bbs3L function in the mammalian eye, we generated a Bbs3L-null mouse that presents with disruption of the normal photoreceptor architecture. Bbs3L-null mice lack key features of previously published Bbs-null mice, including obesity. These data demonstrate that the BBS3L transcript is required for proper retinal function and organization.
Efficient correspondence search algorithm for GOBO projection-based real-time 3D measurement (2019)

Many robot-operated automation tasks require real-time reconstruction of accurate 3D data. While our sensors that are based on GOBO projection-aided stereo matching between two cameras allow for high acquisition frame rates, the 3D reconstruction calculation is really time consuming. In order to find corresponding pixels between cameras, it is necessary to search the best match amongst all pixels within the geometrically possible image area. The well-established method for this search is to compare each candidate pixel by temporal cross correlation of the brightness-value sequences of both pixels. This is computationally intensive and interdicts fast, real-time applications on standard PC hardware. We introduce a new algorithm, which minimizes the number of calculations needed to compare two pixels down to two binary operations per comparison. To achieve this, we pre-calculate a bit-string of binary features for each pixel of both cameras. Then, two pixels can be compared by counting the number of bits that differ between the two bit strings. Our algorithm's results are accurate to a few pixels and require a second, cross correlation-based refinement. In practice, our algorithm (including pre-calculation and refinement step) is much faster than traditional, purely cross correlation-based search, while maintaining a similar level of accuracy.
Search for black holes and other new phenomena in high-multiplicity final states in proton–proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV (2017)

A search for new physics in energetic, high-multiplicity final states has been performed using proton–proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb−1. The standard model background, dominated by multijet production, is determined exclusively from control regions in data. No statistically significant excess of events is observed. Model-independent limits on the product of the cross section and the acceptance of a new physics signal in these final states are set and further interpreted in terms of limits on the production of black holes. Semiclassical black holes and string balls with masses as high as 9.5 TeV, and quantum black holes with masses as high as 9.0 TeV are excluded by this search in the context of models with extra dimensions, thus significantly extending limits set at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the LHC Run 1 data.
DNS-SD Extensions for Service Function Discovery (2015)

Service Function Chaining provides a flexible way to construct
services. When applying a particular Service Function Chain (SFC) to
the traffic classified by the SFC classifier, the traffic needs to be
steered through an ordered set of Service Functions (SFs) in the
network. This document describes how to discover SFs in SPRING
networks based on DNS-SD.
Impedance control with automatic load regulation for a twin belt-driven human training system (2013)

This paper proposes a new method of the interaction force control based on impedance control and B-spline interpolations for a human training system. The supporting interaction force to the human training is adjusted by the automatic load regulation. The automatic load regulation based on impedance control and B-spline function for training system in human stroke is developed. The robotic features of these training systems that the ability to design different level of assistive force makes it well suited to customized training programs due to time and human stroke constraints. During a whole motion of one stroke training, the human force is detected with fast response and regulated under time and position stroke constraints. The results from the experiments confirm that the proposed method generates a good realization of interaction force between human and the training system.
Learning Bidirectional Intent Embeddings by Convolutional Deep Structured Semantic Models for Spoken Language Understanding (2015)

The recent surge of intelligent personal assistants motivates spoken language understanding of dialogue systems. Considering high-level semantics, intent embeddings can be viewed as the universal representations that help derive a more flexible intent schema to overcome the domain constraint and the genre mismatch. A convolutional deep structured semantic model (CDSSM) is applied to jointly learn the representations for human intents and associated utterances. Two sets of experiments, intent expansion and actionable item detection, are conducted to evaluate the power of the learned intent embeddings. The representations bridge the semantic relation between seen and unseen intents for intent expansion, and connect intents from different genres for actionable item detection. The discussion and analysis of experiments provide a future direction for reducing human effort of data annotation and eliminating domain and genre constraints for spoken language understanding.
An achievability result for random networks (2005)

We analyze a network of nodes in which pairs communicate over a shared wireless medium. We are interested in the maximum total aggregate traffic flow that is possible through the network. Our model differs substantially from the many existing approaches in that the channel connections in our network are entirely random: we assume that, rather than being governed by geometry and a decay law, the strength of the connections between nodes is drawn independently from a common distribution. Such a model is appropriate for environments where the first order effect that governs the signal strength at a receiving node is a random event (such as the existence of an obstacle), rather than the distance from the transmitter. We show that the aggregate traffic flow is a strong function of the channel distribution. In particular, we show that for certain distributions, the aggregate traffic flow scales at least as n/(log n) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</sup> for some fixed v > 0, which is significantly larger than the O(radic/n) results obtained for many geometric models
Biological determinants of photobioreactor design. Quarterly report No. 7, April 1, 1995--June 30, 1995 (1997)

The photosynthetic conversion of light energy into algal biomass in large-scale cultures is controlled by the availability of light, the photosynthetic machinery of algae, nutrients, temperature and the design characteristics of the culture system. For the situation in which light is made the growth rate limiting factor, there is an upper limit in the light conversion efficiency of a large-scale culture, which translates to a maximum potential yield of 30-40 g dry weight m-2 day-1 under ideal light conditions. The development of large-scale mass cultures involves many considerations, but the two major design parameters for optimizing yields at a particular time are the flow rate throughout the culture and the depth of the culture.
A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for Pliable Index Coding (2017)

In pliable index coding, we consider a server withm messages and n clients, where each client has as side information a subset of the messages. We seek to minimize the number of broadcast transmissions, so that each client can recover any one unknown message she does not already have. Previous work has shown that the pliable index coding problem is NP-hard and requires at most O(log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (n)) broadcast transmissions, which indicates exponential savings over the conventional index coding that requires in the worst case O(n) transmissions. In this paper, building on a decoding criterion that we propose, we first design a deterministic polynomial-time algorithm that can realize the exponential benefits, by achieving, in the worst case, a performance upper bounded by O(log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (n)) broadcast transmissions. We extend our algorithm to the t-requests case, where each client requires t unknown messages that she does not have, and show that our algorithm requires at most O(t log(n) + log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (n)) broadcast transmissions. We construct lower bound instances that require at least Ω(log(n)) transmissions for linear pliable index coding and at least Ω(t + log(n)) transmissions for the t-requests case, indicating that both our upper and lower bounds are polynomials of log(n) and differ within a factor of O(log(n)). We provide a probabilistic analysis over random instances and show that the required number of transmissions is almost surely Θ(log(n)), as compared with the Θ(n/ log(n)) for index coding. In addition, we show that these upper and lower bounds also hold for vector pliable index coding in the worst case instances and the random graph instances, implying that vector coding does not provide benefits in terms of these bounds. Our numerical experiments show that our algorithm outperforms existing algorithms for pliable index coding by up to 50% less transmissions.
X-ray Irradiation Effects on the Superconductive Properties of YBa2Cu3Oy and GdBa2Cu3Oz (2017)

We observed a metastable change in the superconducting properties of YBa 2 Cu 3 O y (YBCO) and GdBa 2 Cu 3 O z (GdBCO) induced by X-ray irradiation. T c0 , which is defined as the temperature below which the electric resistance is zero within the measurement accuracy, was increased by up to 1.9 K in YBCO and GdBCO. The irradiation effect was more pronounced for the YBCO sample with lower T c0 . These observations are consistent with those of light irradiation, and are attributable to hole doping in the CuO 2 plane via the generation of electron-hole pairs by the X-ray and subsequent trapping of the electrons at oxygen vacancies. The relaxation of the irradiation effect was observed to be within 100 h from the viewpoint of conductivity and Raman spectra, and is explained as the detrapping of the electrons and recombination with holes, similarly to the case of light irradiation.
Optical Imaging of Cardiac Reporter Gene Expression in Living Rats (2002)

This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of imaging the location, magnitude, and time course of cardiac reporter gene expression in living rats. Cardiac gene therapy studies could be aided with wider application of this approach.
High-brightness, AlGaInP-based, visible light-emitting diode for efficient coupling with POF (1995)

A high-brightness light-emitting diode (LED) is fabricated using the AlGaInP based quaternary double heterostructure. The ring type electrode is used in the top contact in order to spread the current efficiently and also to enhance the coupling efficiency with the fiber. The fabricated LED has a light output as high as 1.7 mW at the bias current of 100 mA. The far-field radiation divergences are found to be approximately 100 and 70/spl deg/ for the LED's, with and without molding. These LED's offer coupling efficiency as high as 70% and 35%, with the step index (SI) plastic optical fiber (POF) after using the molded and hybrid ball lens, respectively. The increases of the coupling efficiency are due to the use of the ring-shaped top electrode, concentrating the emission mostly at the center.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ROSE II for Updating Additive Link State Information (2006)

Many works have been reported to address the issue of updating link state information in order to effectively facilitate Quality-of-Service (QoS) routing. However, most of them, if not all, only consider concave metrics, e.g., bandwidth. In this paper, we first observe that due to the inherently different nature of additive and concave QoS metrics, directly applying existing link state update policies cannot provide satisfactory performance. As such, it is essential to consider the additive metrics of link state update for the purpose of reducing the protocol overhead and improving the accuracy of link state information. By applying the central limit theorem, the additive QoS constraint imposed on each link can be modeled as a normal random variable. Then, based on our previous proposal, ROSE, we present a high performance link state update policy, ROSE II. Via theoretical analysis and extensive simulations, we show that ROSE II greatly outperforms the state of the arts in terms of protocol overhead and the accuracy of the link state information for additive metrics.
Analytical equivalent impedance for a planar circular induction heating system (2005)

A set of analytical expressions is derived for the equivalent impedance in a planar circular induction heating system, used for example in home appliances. The induction system consists of an n-turn planar winding loaded by a conductive material. Expressions that describe the frequency dependence of impedance are provided. The influence of load conductivity, load permeability, and geometrical dimensions is also considered. Validation of the proposed model is carried out through experimental measurements.
THE PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT PROTECTS THE LIVER AGAINST ISCHEMIC REPERFUSION INJURY. (1999)

428 ABSTRACT. The goal of this study was to characterize the importance of splanchnic viscera in liver ischemic reperfusion injury and to enhance the tolerance of liver to warm ischemia injury with portosystemic shunt. METHODS: The hepatic blood flow of male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to 45 min, 60 min, 120 min, and 150 min liver warm ischemia with or without portosystemic shunt (splenic-caval shunt, SCS). The production and elimination of TNF, NF-kB activation, iNOS expression, and apoptosis were determined. RESULTS: All rats with 60 min warm ischemia without SCS died within one day (n=6). All rats with 120 min (n=8) liver warm ischemia in SCS group survived for over three days and 6 of them for over five days without significant histological changes of the liver. Serum TNF levels were significantly lower after liver reperfusion in SCS group compared to the rats with ischemia without SCS. Administration of LPS (1mg/kg, p.v.) induced a higher mortality rate (all rats died in one day, n=5), an earlier peak time (45 min vs 90 min after injection) and a higher concentration of serum rat TNF (465 pg/ml vs 240 pg/ml) in rats with liver ischemia and than in sham operating rats. The ability to eliminate huTNF was significantly reduced in the rats with long-term preserved liver (in cold Euro-Collin's solution for 16 hr) compared with short-term preserved and naive liver. iNOS expression and NF-kB activation were very strongly on the hepatocytes after liver warm ischemia with portosystemic shunt and compared to liver ischemia without portosytemic shunt. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the splanchnic viscera can contribute to liver ischemic reperfusion injury. Portosystemic shunt enhances the tolerance of liver to warm ischemia through activation of NF-kB and iNOS that prevents TNF a induced apoptosis.
Microbial Community Analysis in the Rhizosphere of a Transgenic Tomato that Overexpresses 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase (2006)

The impact of overexpression of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase gene on microbial diversity in the rhizosphere of a transgenic tomato was examined using a ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) and a terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of two functional bacterial genes (bacterial chitinase and nifH genes). While the overall profiles of both RISA and T-RFLP revealed high similarity between the transgenic and non-trangenic tomato, several polymorphic DNAs were detected as differential bands in both the qualitative and quantitative evaluations. Sequence analysis suggested that differential bands cloned in RISA showed low levels of similarity to known species but were most likely derived from uncultured microbes. The phylogenetic analyses of two differential bands cloned in the T-RFLP analysis of the chitinase and nifH genes indicated that these bands belonged to Streptomyces like chitinase group and cyanobacterial nifH group, respectively.
Colorectal Cancer Subtyping Consortium (CRCSC) identification of a consensus of molecular subtypes. (2014)

3511 Background: Recently, a number of independent groups reported novel molecular subtypes in colorectal cancer (CRC). A formal comparison across these classifiers is needed to reconcile findings and accelerate clinical translation. The CRCSC was formed to identify a consensus among the subtyping systems through large scale data sharing and meta-analysis. Methods: The CRCSC consists of 6 groups (15+ institutions) that analyzed more than 30 patient cohorts with gene expression data, spanning multiple platforms and sample preparation methods. Each of the 6 classifiers (with 3-6 subtypes) was applied to the collection of public and proprietary datasets encompassing over 4,000 samples, mostly stage II-III CRC. Concordance of subtype calls and associations with clinical, molecular and pathway features were assessed centrally by an independent team. Results: Despite heterogeneities in cohorts and methods, subtype concordance analysis readily yielded a clear consensus on 4 CRC molecular subtypes (CMS1-4), with significant interconnectivity among the calls from the participating groups. The remaining 16% of samples did not have a consensus assignment, which may be partly explained by an additional mixed subtype with variable epithelial-mesenchymal activation; further refinement is needed. Conclusions: This is the first example of a large-scale, community based comparison of cancer subtypes. Within the largest collection of CRC samples we identified recurrent signals of 4 biologically distinct subtype classes enriched for key clinical, pathway and molecular traits. Ongoing efforts are attempting to improve the granularity of these subtypes. CMS1 14% MSI, immune pathway activation/expression, right-side tumors, older age at diagnosis, females, hypermutation, BRAF mut, intermediate survival CMS2 41% High CIN, MSS, strong WNT/MYC pathway activation, left-side tumors, TP53 mut, EGFR amplification/overexpression, better survival CMS3 8% Low CIN, moderate WNT/MYC pathway activation, KRAS mut, PIK3CA mut, IGFBP2 overexpression, intermediate survival CMS4 20% CIN/MSI heterogeneous, mesenchymal/TGF-beta activation, younger age at diagnosis, NOTCH3/VEGFR2 overexpression, worse survival
Current approaches to automated information evaluation and their applicability to Priority Intelligence Requirement answering (2010)

Doctrinally, Priority Intelligence Requirements (PIRs) represent information that the commander needs to know in order to make a decision or achieve a desired effect. Networked warfare provides the intelligence officer with access to multitudes of sensor outputs and reports, often from unfamiliar sources. Counterinsurgency requires evaluating information across all PMESII-PT categories: Political, Military, Economic, Social, Infrastructure Information, Physical Environment and Time. How should analysts evaluate this information? NATO's STANAG (Standard Agreement) 2022 requires that every piece of information in intelligence reports used to answer PIRs should be evaluated along two independent dimensions: the reliability of its source and the credibility of the information. Recent developments in information retrieval technologies, including social search technologies, incorporate metrics of information evaluation, reliability and credibility, such as Google's PageRank. In this paper, we survey various current approaches to automatic information evaluation and explore their applicability to the information evaluation and PIR answering tasks.