gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sex‐mismatched red blood cell transfusions and mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2019)

Sex-mismatched RBC transfusions were associated with an increased risk of death in this pooled analysis. However, the certainty of the evidence was very low from observational studies. The need to match donor and recipient sex for transfusions requires further investigation because of the potential widespread impact.
A Multivalent Hexapod: Conformational Dynamics of Six-Legged Molecules in Self-Assembled Monolayers at a Solid−Liquid Interface (2009)

A molecular hexapod having a benzene core and six oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) (OPV) legs is an ideal system to probe various types of (intramolecular) dynamics of individual molecules in physisorbed self-assembled monolayers at a solid-liquid interface. Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals that molecules adsorb in 2D crystalline as well as disordered domains. Strikingly, not all molecules have the six OPV units in contact with the graphite substrate: 4% of the molecules in the 2D crystalline domains and up to 80% of the molecules in the disordered domains have one or two OPV units desorbed. In addition, the presence of such a defect promotes the coexistence of another defect adjacent to it. Time-dependent STM experiments and molecular dynamics simulations reveal in detail the different dynamics involved and the multivalent nature of the interactions between hexapod and surface.
A Naturally Occurring Soluble Form of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Detected in Mouse and Human Plasma (2004)

Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis are regulated in large part by several different growth factors and their associated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Foremost among these is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family including VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2 and -1. VEGFR ligand binding and biological activity are regulated at many levels, one of which is by a soluble, circulating form of VEGFR-1 (sVEGFR-1). This sVEGFR-1 can act as a competitive inhibitor of its ligand, serve as a possible biomarker, and play important roles in cancer and other diseases such as preeclampsia. Recombinant forms of sVEGFR-2 have been shown to have antiangiogenic activity, but a naturally occurring sVEGFR-2 has not been described previously. Here, we report such an entity. Having a molecular weight of approximately 160 kDa, sVEGFR-2 can be detected in mouse and human plasma with several different monoclonal and polyclonal anti-VEGFR-2 antibodies using both ELISA and immunoprecipitation techniques. In vitro studies have determined that the sVEGFR-2 fragment can be found in the conditioned media of mouse and human endothelial cells, thus suggesting that it may be secreted, similar to sVEGFR-1, or proteolytically cleaved from the cell. Potential biological activity of this protein was inferred from experiments in which mouse sVEGFR-2 could bind to VEGF-coated plates. Similar to sVEGFR-1 and other soluble circulating RTKs, sVEGFR-2 may have regulatory consequences with respect to VEGF-mediated angiogenesis as well as potential to serve as a quantitative biomarker of angiogenesis and antiangiogenic drug activity, particularly for drugs that target VEGF or VEGFR-2.
Changing the academic culture: Valuing patents and commercialization toward tenure and career advancement (2014)

There is national and international recognition of the importance of innovation, technology transfer, and entrepreneurship for sustained economic revival. With the decline of industrial research laboratories in the United States, research universities are being asked to play a central role in our knowledge-centered economy by the technology transfer of their discoveries, innovations, and inventions. In response to this challenge, innovation ecologies at and around universities are starting to change. However, the change has been slow and limited. The authors believe this can be attributed partially to a lack of change in incentives for the central stakeholder, the faculty member. The authors have taken the position that universities should expand their criteria to treat patents, licensing, and commercialization activity by faculty as an important consideration for merit, tenure, and career advancement, along with publishing, teaching, and service. This position is placed in a historical context with a look at the history of tenure in the United States, patents, and licensing at universities, the current status of university tenure and career advancement processes, and models for the future.
Near-field optical studies of Au porous film regarding topographic artifacts and surface plasmon influences (2011)

In this study, an aperture-type near-field scanning optical microscope (a-NSOM) was used to measure a porous Au film and the direct observation of topographic artifacts and surface plasmon influences is revealed.
Immunosensitization of resistant human tumor cells to cytotoxicity by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (2003)

Most anti-cancer therapies induce apoptotic cell death, but a major barrier to long-term cancer treatments is the generation of apoptosis-resistant tumor cells. Tumor cells that become resistant to one therapy are usually cross-resistant to subsequent therapies, including those with different cellular/molecular targets, suggesting that resistant tumor cells acquire modifications of the general apoptotic pathway. Most solid tumors are characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, TIL), which may serve as a basis for new strategies to generate tumor specific lymphocytes. However, TIL frequently are unable to kill autologous tumor cells suggesting that they are anergic/tolerant. It is possible that the TIL are functional but the tumor cells are resistant to TIL-mediated apoptotic pathways. Previous findings revealed that resistant tumor cells can be sensitized with cytokines or subtoxic concentrations of chemotherapeutic drugs and restore killing by cytotoxic lymphocytes. In this study, we examined whether TIL can kill autologous and allogeneic tumor cells following sensitization with chemotherapeutic drugs. Renal and prostate cancer-derived TIL were cytotoxic to chemosensitized resistant tumor cells. Killing by TIL was found to be perforin-dependent and perforin-independent. These findings demonstrate that combination drug and immunotherapy may be able to overcome tumor cell resistance to killing by TIL. Further, in vivo sensitization of drug-resistant tumor cells by subtoxic doses of sensitizing chemotherapeutic drugs may result in tumor regression by the host immune system.
Strained-si devices and circuits for low-power applications (2003)

Static and dynamic power for strained-Si device is analyzed and compared with conventional bulk-Si technology. Optimum device design points are suggested with controlling physical/structural device parameters. Strained-Si CMOS circuits are studied, showing substantially-reduced power consumptions due to unique advantageous features of strained-Si device. The trade-offs for power and performance in strained-Si devices/circuits are discussed. Further, analysis and low-power design points are applied and extended to strained Si on SOI substrate (SSOI) CMOS technology.
Dip-coating electromechanically active polymer actuators with SIBS from midblock-selective solvents to achieve full encapsulation for biomedical applications (2022)

Soft and compliant ionic electromechanically active polymer actuators (IEAPs) are a promising class of smart materials for biomedical and soft robotics applications. These materials change their shape in response to external stimuli like the electrical signal. This shape-change results solely from the ion flux inside the composite and hence the material can be miniaturized below the centimeter and millimeter levels-something that still poses a challenge for many other conventional actuation mechanisms in soft robotics (e.g., pneumatic, hydraulic, or tendon-based systems). However, the components used to prepare IEAPs are typically not safe for the biological environment, nor is the environment safe for the actuator. Safety concerns and unreliable operation in foreign liquid environments have been some of the main obstacles for the widespread adoption of IEAPs in many areas, e.g., in biomedical applications. Here we show a novel approach to fully encapsulate IEAP actuators with the biocompatible block copolymer SIBS (poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene)) dissolved in block-selective solvents. Reduction in the bending amplitude due to the added passive layers, a common negative side-effect of encapsulating IEAPs, was not observed in this work. In conclusion, the encapsulated actuator is steered through a tortuous vasculature mock-up filled with a viscous buffer solution mimicking biological fluids.
Effective optimisation method for channel shortening in OFDM systems (2003)

In OFDM systems, a pre-filter can be used to shorten the channel impulse response when the order of the impulse response is longer than the length of the cyclic prefix (CP) of the system. The authors propose an effective optimisation method for determining the coefficients of the channel-shortening pre-filter (CSP). This method is designed in the time domain completely and it does not require the channel length to be subject to any constraint. It is optimum in the sense that it maximises the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the pre-filter output. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method takes into account the effect of noise, thereby making the optimisation criterion more accurate and allowing the pre-filter developed to not only mitigate intersymbol interference (ISI) but also suppress noise effectively. Computer simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms some existing methods.
Endotoxin-Induced Release of Colony-Stimulating Activity in Man (1975)

Six healthy adult volunteers were injected intravenously with Pseudomonas endotoxin (Piromen) to determine effects on serum colony-stimulating activity (CSA). Serum was assayed with a double-layer agar cloning technique using normal human bone marrow as the target cell preparation. A marked increase in serum CSA was noted after endotoxin administration lasting up to 180 min. The colonies formed in response to postendotoxin serum were smaller than those seen with leukocyte feeder layers but were otherwise morphologically normal. These studies suggest that granulopoietic humoral factors may be modulated in man by endotoxin administration.
Consensus acceleration in multiagent systems with the Chebyshev semi-iterative method (2011)

We consider the fundamental problem of reaching consensus in multiagent systems. To date, the consensus problem has been typically solved with decentralized algorithms based on graph Laplacians. However, the convergence of these algorithms is often too slow for many important multiagent applications, and thus they are increasingly being combined with acceleration methods. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art acceleration techniques require parameters that can be optimally selected only if complete information about the network topology is available, which is rarely the case in practice. We address this limitation by deriving two novel acceleration methods that can deliver good performance even if little information about the network is available. The first is based on the Chebyshev semi-iterative method and maximizes the worst-case convergence speed given that only rough bounds on the extremal eigenvalues of the network matrix are available. It can be applied to systems where agents use unreliable communication links, and its computational complexity is similar to those of simple Laplacian-based methods. This algorithm requires synchronization among agents, so we also propose an asynchronous version that approximates the output of the synchronous algorithm. Mathematical analysis and numerical simulations show that the convergence speed of the proposed acceleration methods decrease gracefully in scenarios where the sole use of Laplacian-based methods is known to be impractical.
Polo‐like‐kinase 1 is a proviral host factor for hepatitis B virus replication (2017)

PLK1 is a proviral host factor that could be envisaged as a target for combined antiviral and antitumoral strategies against HBV infection and HBV-mediated carcinogenesis. (Hepatology 2017;66:1750-1765).
New 193-nm bottom anti-reflective coatings (2003)

Currently, a reduction in the critical dimension (CD) of integrated circuits is needed. Therefore, 193nm (ArF Excimer laser) optical lithography technology is introduced to manufacture IC in the semiconductor industry. In these circumstances, Bottom Anti-Reflective Coatings (BARCs) for 193nm optical lithography are required for high performance. New spin-on organic 193nm BARC chemistries (chromophore-attached polymers) have been developed with the objective being a commercial product. This paper discusses the development of new spin-on organic 193nm BARC (ARC29A). New 193nm BARC had many useful properties considered important for a successful product. In addition to the control of the reflectivity, new 193 BARC was developed with the purpose of increasing adhesion between photoresist and BARC to restrain pattern collapse at interface. It has been strongly required to restrain pattern collapse recently, because of the continuing demand for decreasing feature size. It was accomplished by optimize polymer structure, increasing the affinity to the photoresist and so on. The development process plan details in the releasing in the day. And in litho performance, new 193nm BARC has good compatibility (photoresist-profile, DOF, EL etc) with various photoresists. At IMEC, 80nm resolution was achieved. The plasma etch rate was about 1.3 times leading 193nm photoresist, using CF4 as etchant.
WHAT IS IT AND WHY DO WE CARE (2011)

Providing an intelligent, bottom-up and distributed approach, agent technology is enabling companies to dynamically manage complex resources and respond rapidly to today’s constant changes. With individuals, groups, companies and agencies interacting on a global scale, agents are a key ingredient in CSC’s globalization of IT. Centralizing a corporation was once considered an efficient way to run an enterprise. Decisions and information processing occurred in an orderly, top-down, hierarchical manner. However, it is now clear that this type of system only works in a reasonably stable market. Globalization and changes in technology are causing today’s market to be in a state of constant flux. Companies that cannot adapt fast enough to thrive in new markets will be left behind. In response, many companies are now building agentbased systems. These systems employ agents that distribute functionality across vast computing networks. Furthermore, agents not only adapt to their environment but also evolve by learning from the environment. Agents employ a variety of computational approaches; including anything from object orientation (OO) to expert systems, neural networks, and genetic algorithms. An agent-based approach prepares enterprises (managers and practitioners) for an increasingly complex marketplace and enables them to respond rapidly to change. This paper provides an overview of what an agent is, how it works, and how it adds value to, and in combination with, other technologies. The paper also illustrates how agent technology is used in the industry, e.g., applied to applications for supply chain, shop-floor control, resource management, logistics, complex event processing, energy sustainability, SOA, grid and cloud computing, command and control, sense and respond, and self-healing middleware. Companies such as IBM, TIBCO, and HP are incorporating agent technology—enabling them to dynamically manage complex resources required by their customers. DHL found that it’s pricing and tracking applications could be developed 50-80% faster using agent technology with time-to-market reduced and ROI increased.
Promoting positive health behaviours--'tooth worm' phenomenon and its implications. (2012)

This study revealed a 'tooth worm' phenomenon, indicating that parental 'tooth worm' belief is associated with early establishment of regular toothbrushing habit and reduction of dental caries in children. This phenomenon and its psychobehavioural mechanisms, enriching our understanding of oral health behaviours, have implications for effective health education.
Decision of robot movement by means of a potential field (1986)

This paper deals with a method of deciding robot movement by means of a potential field and simple simulations using it. In particular, two new concepts, 'state space for a robot' and'oval potential', are proposed. On the basis of the proposed method, the robot has a potential field in which to store information about its environment. The field is defined on a space that represents the robot's state (state space). By using this field, the robot determines by itself how to move to a goal. The principal concepts of this method are: (1) Use of the potential field on a state space in which the state of the robot is represented by a point enables the decision of movement to be made simply. (2) By using the oval potential for potential distribution, objects are memorized using little information and calculation of the potential values is fast.
Techniques and outcomes of microsurgical management of ruptured and unruptured fusiform cerebral aneurysms (2017)

OBJECTIVE Fusiform cerebral aneurysms represent a small portion of intracranial aneurysms; differ in natural history, anatomy, and pathology; and can be difficult to treat compared with saccular aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to examine the techniques of treatment of ruptured and unruptured fusiform intracranial aneurysms and patient outcomes. METHODS In 45 patients with fusiform aneurysms, the authors retrospectively reviewed the presentation, location, and shape of the aneurysm; the microsurgical technique; the outcome at discharge and last follow-up; and the change in the aneurysm at last angiographic follow-up. RESULTS Overall, 48 fusiform aneurysms were treated in 45 patients (18 male, 27 female) with a mean age of 49 years (median 51 years; range 6 months-76 years). Twelve patients (27%) had ruptured aneurysms and 33 (73%) had unruptured aneurysms. The mean aneurysm size was 8.9 mm (range 6-28 mm). The aneurysms were treated by clip reconstruction (n = 22 [46%]), clip-wrapping (n = 18 [38%]), and vascular bypass (n = 8 [17%]). The mean (SD) hospital stay was 19.0 ± 7.4 days for the 12 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and 7.0 ± 5.6 days for the 33 patients with unruptured aneurysms. The mean follow-up was 38.7 ± 29.5 months (median 36 months; range 6-96 months). The mean Glasgow Outcome Scale score for the 12 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage was 3.9; for the 33 patients with unruptured aneurysms, it was 4.8. No rehemorrhages occurred during follow-up. The overall annual risk of recurrence was 2% and that of rehemorrhage was 0%. CONCLUSIONS Fusiform and dolichoectatic aneurysms involving the entire vessel wall must be investigated individually. Although some of these aneurysms may be amenable to primary clipping and clip reconstruction, these complex lesions often require alternative microsurgical and endovascular treatment. These techniques can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates and with low rates of early rebleeding and recurrence.
A PRAM-NUMA Model of Computation for Addressing Low-TLP Workloads (2011)

It is possible to implement the parallel random access machine (PRAM) on a chip multiprocessor (CMP) efficiently with an emulated shared memory (ESM) architecture to gain easy parallel programmability crucial to wider penetration of CMPs to general purpose computing. This implementation relies on exploitation of the slack of parallel applications to hide the latency of the memory system instead of caches, sufficient bisection bandwidth to guarantee high throughput, and hashing to avoid hot spots in intercommunication. Unfortunately this solution can not handle workloads with low thread-level parallelism (TLP) efficiently because then there is not enough parallel slackness available for hiding the latency. In this paper we show that integrating non-uniform memory access (NUMA) support to the PRAM implementation architecture can solve this problem and provide a natural way for migration of the legacy code written for a sequential or multi-core NUMA machine. The obtained PRAM-NUMA hybrid model is defined and architectural implementation of it is outlined on our ECLIPSE ESM CMP framework. A high-level programming language example is given.
Supplementary Figures and Tables Legend from An Antibody Targeting ICOS Increases Intratumoral Cytotoxic to Regulatory T-cell Ratio and Induces Tumor Regression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure and tables legends of supplementary data&lt;/p&gt;
In Vivo Mapping of Brain Elasticity in Small Animals Using Shear Wave Imaging (2010)

A combination of radiation force and ultrafast ultrasound imaging is used to both generate and track the propagation of a shear wave in the brain whose local speed is directly related to stiffness, characterized by the dynamic shear modulus G*. When performed on trepanated rats, this approach called shear wave imaging (SWI) provides 3-D brain elasticity maps reaching a spatial resolution of 0.7 mm×1 mm×0.4 mm with a good reproducibility (<13%). The dynamic shear modulus of brain tissues exhibits values in the 2-25 kPa range with a mean value of 12 kPa and is quantified for different anatomical regions. The anisotropy of the shear wave propagation is studied and the first in vivo anisotropy map of brain elasticity is provided. The propagation is found to be isotropic in three gray matter regions but highly anisotropic in two white matter regions. The good temporal resolution (~10 ms per acquisition) of SWI also allows a dynamic estimation of brain elasticity to within a single cardiac cycle, showing that brain pulsatility does not transiently modify local elasticity. SWI proves its potential for the study of pathological modifications of brain elasticity both in small animal models and in clinical intra-operative imaging.
MAPK Pathway Inhibitors Sensitize BRAF-Mutant Melanoma to an Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting GPNMB (2016)

The combination of MAPK pathway inhibitors with an antibody-drug conjugate targeting GPNMB is an effective therapeutic option for patients with melanoma. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6088-98. ©2016 AACR.
<title>Measurement of the electrostrictive constants of silica and their impact on poled silica devices</title> (2001)

In an electro-optic poled-silica switch, modulation arises from both the electro-optic effect and electrostriction. To investigate the magnitude of these two contributions, we measured the phase shift induced in a thin slab of unpoled silica subjected to a strong dc plus a small, low-frequency (0 - 19 MHz) ac voltage. The frequency responses for light polarized parallel and perpendicular to the applied field exhibit a constant term due to electronic dc Kerr, and strong peaks due to electrostriction enhanced by mechanical resonances of the slab. A theoretical model is presented that gives good quantitative agreement with these observations. From this comparison we infer the values of the dc Kerr and electrostrictive constants of silica for each polarization. For the perpendicular polarization, electrostriction largely dominates in the frequency range under study. A potential electrostrictive modulator and the impact of electrostriction on the polarization dependence of poled-silica devices are discussed.