gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variations in dose distributions by the use of independent asymmetric jaws. A new technique for irradiation of localized carcinoma of the prostate. (1989)

The use of independent jaws set asymmetrically in the moving field technique with bilateral arcs allows the entirely new dose distributions be obtained. The basic principle of this technique is that, with the use of moving field technique with bilateral arcs, the independent jaw more proximate to the central ray (axis) of beam must always be on the side of the critical organ. In this area the characteristic deformation of isodoses and the formation of very steep dose slope occur. We consider as optimum technique for the target irradiation of the prostatic carcinoma the moving field technique with bilateral 105 degrees arcs with 20 MeV X-ray beam of linear accelerator and with independent jaws set asymmetrically, when the independent jaw more proximate to the central ray is always + 1.5 cm from the central ray of the beam.
Arquiteturas de redes neurais : uma aplicação a memorias associativas (1991)

Apesar do crescimento da potencia computacional das maquinas atuais, os computadores convencionais baseados no modelo sequencial de Von Neumann, tem demonstrado serem muito ineficientes na resolucao de problemas tais como o reconhecimento de padroes e outros de natureza similar. As Redes Neurais Artificiais (ANN) apresentam caracteristicas como paralelismo macico e alta conectividade, o que permite a abordagem mais eficiente de tais problemas. A partir da publicacao dos modelos neurais de JJ. Hopfield, tem sido desenvolvido muito trabalho analitico na area. Embora o modelamento matematico de ANNs ainda apresente muitas dificuldades, especialmente no estudo das caracteristicas dinâmicas de tais sistemas. As simulacoes por computador tem sido extensivamente utilizadas como ferramenta no estudo e na compreensao de ANNs, validando os estudos analiticos e as vezes resultando no unico metodo viavel para analisar modelos de tratamento matematico muito complexo. A implementacao por software de metodos numericos e tecnicas de tratamento de matrizes e, muitas vezes, melhor desempenhada quando se utiliza um sistema de multicomputadores e tecnicas de processamento paralelo, criando ferramentas de simulacao mais rapidas e eficientes. No caso da simulacao de ANNs, o processamento paralelo se revela como um metodo que permite uma abordagem mais proxima da aplicacao e natureza do problema (uma rede de neuronios ou elementos de processamento altamente interconectada), resultando na diminuicao do tempo de resposta da simulacao. A utilizacao da linguagem Occam acrescenta a capacidade de representar, de forma mais natural, a operacao concorrente do conjunto de celulas de uma ANN e do seu comportamento dinâmico. Neste trabalho. apresenta-se o resultado do estudo de alguns modelos de redes neurais associativas e uma abordagem para a sua simulacao num ambiente paralelo e distribuido. Particularmente, trata-se da implementacao do modelo binario de J.J. Hopfield, operando de forma sincrona, numa maquina de arquitetura MIMD de tipo message-passing baseada em processadores Transputers e configurada como um hipercubo de dimensao 3 
Abstract
MINUTES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING (2006)

A. Nominating Committee. An overview of the status of the Nominating Committee's efforts, along with a draft slate of Board Nominees, marked Draft and Confidential was provided and emphasis was placed on the confidentiality of this process, especially since it takes into consideration a number of criteria, including evaluation of positions, skills, personalities, etc. A couple of positions were still to be filled but the vast majority of positions were filled.
C/EBPβ-Thr217 Phosphorylation Signaling Contributes to the Development of Lung Injury and Fibrosis in Mice (2011)

These data suggest that the RSK-C/EBPβ phosphorylation pathway may contribute to the development of lung injury and fibrosis.
Conference Scene: Progress with Promising Human Antibodies (2012)

Antibodies and antibody-based therapeutics have become big business, with annual sales over US$50 billion, accounting for >6% of worldwide pharmaceutical revenues. Ten molecules have blockbuster status (>US$1 billion), with six generating more than US$6 billion in sales. In excess of 300 products based on this rapidly maturing technology are in clinical trials. The generation and manufacture of human antibodies is now routine, although the cost of goods remains an issue. Optimizing combinations of antibodies with other therapeutics (e.g., chemotherapy) is a major short-term goal, while target validation and product differentiation remain significant hurdles if growth is to continue. Some of the notable highlights of the recent 16th International Conference on Human Antibodies and Hybridomas meeting in Cannes, France are described below. The conference was sponsored by the international journal Human Antibodies, in association with the Integrative Medical Sciences Association (IMSA). The Program Chairman was Professor Mark Glassy, IMSA, San Diego, CA, USA.
Differential induction of early response genes by adrenomedullin and transforming growth factor-beta1 in human lung cancer cells. (2002)

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a hypotensive polypeptide that has been shown to stimulate cyclic AMP and intracellular free Ca2+ agents that are known to induce expression of proto-oncogenes, in various cell types. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) is a multifunctional polypeptide that regulates proliferation, differentiation and cell cycle progression in both normal and malignant epithelial cells. The diverse biological actions of AM and TGF-beta1 may be related to their capacities to initiate different genomic programs in target cells via the induction of expression of multiple genes including early response genes and proto-oncogenes. AM, TGF-beta1 and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) exert both positive and negative effects on mitogenesis. The effects of AM, TGF-beta1 and PMA were examined in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. AM caused an increase in its mRNA transcript that peaked by 6 hours and persisted to 24 hours. While expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA was not affected by AM in these cells, the mRNAs for TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3 decreased by 3 hours. In contrast, TGF-beta1 had no effect on expression of AM mRNA. Interestingly, PMA caused an increase in AM and TGF-beta1 mRNAs in NSCLC cells. While both TGF-beta1 and PMA caused a transient increase in expression of the mRNAs for early response genes including c-fos, c-jun and egr-1 that peaked by 1 hour following treatment, the increase in expression of these mRNAs following treatment with AM peaked only after 3-6 hours. Western blotting analysis showed increases in the levels of c-jun protein following treatment with AM, TGF-beta1 and PMA. The increase in c-jun protein from treatment with AM occurred 10 hours after that from TGF-beta1 and PMA. Activator protein 1 (AP-1) DNA binding activity was also demonstrated to increase following treatment with AM, TGF-beta1 and PMA, with the increase in AP-1 DNA binding activity following AM treatment occurring 10 hours later than that from TGF-beta1 and PMA treatment. These data show that AM can regulate expression of its mRNA transcript in NSCLC cells. Our study suggests that NSCLC cells are important targets of AM and TGF-beta1 and that AM and TGF-beta1 may regulate activities in these malignant lung cells through differential induction of various early response genes.
Synthetic and mechanistic studies on the antitumor antibiotics esperamicin A1 and calicheamicin .gamma.1. Oxidative functionalization of the 13-ketobicyclo[7.3.1]tridecenediyne core structure: construction of the allylic trisulfide trigger (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic and mechanistic studies on the antitumor antibiotics esperamicin A1 and calicheamicin .gamma.1. Oxidative functionalization of the 13-ketobicyclo[7.3.1]tridecenediyne core structure: construction of the allylic trisulfide triggerPhilip Magnus, Richard Lewis, and Frank BennettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7, 2560–2567Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00033a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00033a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views505Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
GraphTiles (2015)

Although mobile devices are generating a rapidly increasing proportion of search queries, search interfaces have not changed significantly to accommodate mobile constraints. In particular, imprecise search exists in the no-man's land between specific fact-finding and general browsing, and can be especially challenging on mobile devices, when user input is difficult and environmental distractions make remembering related information difficult. We examined the prevalence of these mobile search use cases in a two-week diary study, finding that imprecise and general search accounted for the large majority of difficulty with search. Hypothesizing that the ability to view a link neighborhood around the search result could be quite helpful in these cases, we designed GraphTiles, a visual interface for mobile search that exploits the structured entity relationships present in a significant portion of online datasets (e.g. IMDb [5] and LinkedIn [6]). In an experimental evaluation, users performed imprecise searches more quickly with GraphTiles than with a standard mobile site.
Enhanced viability imaging: Improved contrast in myocardial delayed enhancement using dual inversion time subtraction (2005)

In delayed contrast-enhanced MRI for the assessment of myocardial viability, the TI time in a gated inversion-recovery segmented gradient echo sequence is usually selected to null signal from normal myocardium. Although this TI time generates good contrast between the enhancing infarcted tissue and normal myocardium, there is usually less contrast between the infarct and the blood pool. A subtractive technique utilizing two acquisitions at a long and short TI time is proposed to improve the delineation between infarct-blood and infarct-myocardium. The concept was demonstrated in six mongrel dogs with reperfused myocardial infarction. Infarct-normal myocardium contrast (signal difference) using the proposed enhanced viability imaging (ENVI) technique was 142 +/- 50% (P < 0.001) that of standard magnitude inversion recovery (IR), while at the same TI time for the primary image, infarct-blood contrast, was 247 +/- 136% (P < 0.002) that of magnitude IR. Accounting for increased noise due to the subtraction, signal difference-to-noise ratios (SDNR) did not show a significant change for infarct-myocardium but infarct-blood SDNR for ENVI was 174 +/- 105% that of magnitude-IR (P < 0.03). Thus, marked improvement in the delineation of the infarcted zone was noted over a range of TI times.
Bioassay-Guided Evolution of Glycosylated Macrolide Antibiotics in Escherichia coli (2007)

Macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin are clinically important polyketide natural products. We have engineered a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli that produces small but measurable quantities of the bioactive macrolide 6-deoxyerythromycin D. Bioassay-guided evolution of this strain led to the identification of an antibiotic-overproducing mutation in the mycarose biosynthesis and transfer pathway that was detectable via a colony-based screening assay. This high-throughput assay was then used to evolve second-generation mutants capable of enhanced precursor-directed biosynthesis of macrolide antibiotics. The availability of a screen for macrolide biosynthesis in E. coli offers a fundamentally new approach in dissecting modular megasynthase mechanisms as well as engineering antibiotics with novel pharmacological properties.
Hypermethylation in Histologically Distinct Classes of Breast Cancer (2004)

Although a more comprehensive hypermethylation profile could potentially be useful for breast cancer classification and understanding the biology of this disease, it appears that the hypermethylation patterns across various forms of breast cancer are less distinct than those between breast cancer and cancers of different tissue origins. Furthermore, the relatively unimodal distribution of methylation frequency for all three histologic types does not support there being a distinct CpG island methylator phenotype for breast cancer.
AnOrange RipeningMutant Links Plastid NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase Complex Activity to Central and Specialized Metabolism during Tomato Fruit Maturation (2010)

In higher plants, the plastidial NADH dehydrogenase (Ndh) complex supports nonphotochemical electron fluxes from stromal electron donors to plastoquinones. Ndh functions in chloroplasts are not clearly established; however, its activity was linked to the prevention of the overreduction of stroma, especially under stress conditions. Here, we show by the characterization of Orr(Ds), a dominant transposon-tagged tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) mutant deficient in the NDH-M subunit, that this complex is also essential for the fruit ripening process. Alteration to the NDH complex in fruit changed the climacteric, ripening-associated metabolites and transcripts as well as fruit shelf life. Metabolic processes in chromoplasts of ripening tomato fruit were affected in Orr(Ds), as mutant fruit were yellow-orange and accumulated substantially less total carotenoids, mainly beta-carotene and lutein. The changes in carotenoids were largely influenced by environmental conditions and accompanied by modifications in levels of other fruit antioxidants, namely, flavonoids and tocopherols. In contrast with the pigmentation phenotype in mature mutant fruit, Orr(Ds) leaves and green fruits did not display a visible phenotype but exhibited reduced Ndh complex quantity and activity. This study therefore paves the way for further studies on the role of electron transport and redox reactions in the regulation of fruit ripening and its associated metabolism.
Control of Particle Size of Polystyrene Microspheres by Morphological Changes of Matrix Polymer. (1993)

マトリックスポリマー (ポリメチルビニルエーテル: PMVE) に対し, 良溶媒であるエタノールと貧溶媒であるn-ヘキサンの混合溶媒の組成比を変え, それにPMVEを溶解した高分子溶液中でスチレンの重合を行った. 生成したポリスチレンは, ミクロンオーダーの微粒子であり, 混合溶媒の組成比によって粒径が変化した.
DCAMKL-1 Regulates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Human Pancreatic Cells through a miR-200a –Dependent Mechanism (2011)

Pancreatic cancer is an exceptionally aggressive disease in great need of more effective therapeutic options. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in cancer invasion and metastasis, and there is a gain of stem cell properties during EMT. Here we report increased expression of the putative pancreatic stem cell marker DCAMKL-1 in an established KRAS transgenic mouse model of pancreatic cancer and in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Colocalization of DCAMKL-1 with vimentin, a marker of mesenchymal lineage, along with 14-3-3 σ was observed within premalignant PanIN lesions that arise in the mouse model. siRNA-mediated knockdown of DCAMKL-1 in human pancreatic cancer cells induced microRNA miR-200a, an EMT inhibitor, along with downregulation of EMT-associated transcription factors ZEB1, ZEB2, Snail, Slug, and Twist. Furthermore, DCAMKL-1 knockdown resulted in downregulation of c-Myc and KRAS through a let-7a microRNA-dependent mechanism, and downregulation of Notch-1 through a miR-144 microRNA-dependent mechanism. These findings illustrate direct regulatory links between DCAMKL-1, microRNAs, and EMT in pancreatic cancer. Moreover, they demonstrate a functional role for DCAMKL-1 in pancreatic cancer. Together, our results rationalize DCAMKL-1 as a therapeutic target for eradicating pancreatic cancers.
Classification of light charged particles in a nuclear physics experiment (2008)

The problem considered in this work is pulse shape discrimination in a nuclear physics experiment. Each nucleus produced in the collision of a heavy ion beam over a target enters a detector and creates a light pulse signal measured by a digital acquisition system. The pulse shape contains complete information on the hitting particle, but it includes also the dynamics of the charge preamplifier used in the measurement. In this work, a complete procedure for the particle identification is proposed. First, a model of the charge preamplifier is estimated using experiments specifically devoted to this aim. Then, the measured pulses are filtered through the inverse model of the preamplifier and, then, a subspace method is used to estimate a linear model of the light generation process in the detector. Finally, the expectation-maximization algorithm is used for particle classification on the basis of the estimated parameters of the light pulses. This work focuses on light charged particles (LCP), which are the most difficult to detect and to classify. All the experiments are made with the large detector array CHIMERA (charge heavy ions mass and energy resolving array).
In‐situ polymer blends via chain transfer living polymerization (CTLP) (1995)

Abstract In‐situ polymer blends of polystyrene (PS)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with controlled and variable different compositions and molecular weights were found to be successfully synthesized by “chain transfer living polymerization (CTLP)” methodology by a combination of size‐exclusion chromatographic analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), UV/Vis and H NMR spectroscopy, and optical microscopic analysis. The PMMAs prepared in tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the presence of polystyrene exhibit highly syndiotactic stereoregularity (over 70 mol‐%) and a glass transition temperature over 120°C. A dispersed morphology was found even for blends with over 31 vol.‐% of the weight fraction of one component due to the discrepancy in the molecular weights of two components in the PS/PMMA blends. A ternary polymer blend system having PS/PMMA/PS ‐block‐ PMMA can be generated by control of the concentration of fluorene as the chain transfer agent in the CTLP.
Analysis of the in vivo phosphorylation state of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthase by fast‐atom‐bombardment mass spectrometry (1988)

The in vivo phosphorylation state of glycogen synthase was re-examined by fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry and a procedure in which phosphoserine residues are first converted to S-ethylcysteine. In animals injected with the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol, the phosphorylation sites in the N-terminal (N) and C-terminal (C) cyanogen bromide peptides were identified as the serine residues at N7, the region C28-C39, C42, C46 and C100. In animals injected with adrenalin, the phosphorylation of N7 increased from 0.6 to 0.8 mol/mol, the region C28-C39 from 0.7 to 1.2 mol/mol and C100 from 0.3 to 0.6 mol/mol. The phosphorylation states of C42 (0.7 mol/mol) and C46 (0.9 mol/mol) were unchanged. In addition, two further serine residues became phosphorylated at positions N10 (0.5 mol/mol) and C87 (0.5 mol/mol), which were not phosphorylated in the absence of adrenalin. Residues N10 and C42 have not been recognized as in vivo sites of phosphorylation previously. The results suggest that N10 is phosphorylated by a novel protein kinase which may be activated by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase. The phosphorylation of C42 is likely to be catalysed by glycogen synthase kinase 3. The protein kinases responsible for phosphorylating N7, the region C28-C39, C46, C87 and C100 in vivo and the molecular mechanisms by which adrenalin inactivates glycogen synthase in vivo are discussed. Residue N3, a major site phosphorylated by casein kinase-I in vitro is not phosphorylated in vivo. This and other evidence indicates that casein kinase-I is not a glycogen synthase kinase in vivo.
Device aging-based physically unclonable functions (2011)

To improve resiliency against reverse engineering we propose dynamic physically unclonable functions (DPUFs) whose physical properties are subject to unpredictable changes between uses. We demonstrate this idea using device aging to alter delay characteristics according to user instructions.
Telomerase Can Inhibit the Recombination-based Pathway of Telomere Maintenance in Human Cells (2001)

Telomere length can be maintained by telomerase or by a recombination-based pathway. Because individual telomeres in cells using the recombination-based pathway of telomere maintenance appear to periodically become extremely short, cells using this pathway to maintain telomeres may be faced with a continuous state of crisis. We expressed telomerase in a human cell line that uses the recombination-based pathway of telomere maintenance to test whether telomerase would prevent telomeres from becoming critically short and examine the effects that this might have on the recombination-based pathway of telomere maintenance. In these cells, telomerase maintains the length of the shortest telomeres. In some cases, the long heterogeneous telomeres are completely lost, and the cells now permanently contain short telomeres after only 40 population doublings. This corresponds to a telomere reduction rate of 500 base pairs/population doubling, a rate that is much faster than expected for normal telomere shortening but is consistent with the rapid telomere deletion events observed in cells using the recombination-based pathway of telomere maintenance (Murnane, J. P., Sabatier, L., Marder, B. A., and Morgan, W. F. (1994) EMBO J. 13, 4953-4962). We also observed reductions in the fraction of cells containing alternative lengthening of telomere-associated promyelocytic leukemia bodies and extrachromosomal telomere repeats; however, no alterations in the rate of sister chromatid exchange were observed. Our results demonstrate that human cells using the recombination-based pathway of telomere maintenance retain factors required for telomerase to maintain telomeres and that once the telomerase-based pathway of telomere length regulation is engaged, recombination-based elongation of telomeres can be functionally inhibited.
Superresolved image reconstruction in FZA lensless camera by color-channel synthesis (2020)

The Fresnel-zone-aperture lensless camera using a fringe-scanning technique allows non-iterative well-conditioned image reconstruction; however, the spatial resolution is limited by the mathematical reconstruction model that ignores diffraction. To solve this resolution problem, we propose a novel image-reconstruction algorithm using the wave-optics-based design of the deconvolution filter and color-channel image synthesis. We verify a two-fold improvement of the effective angular resolution by conducting numerical simulations and optical experiments with a prototype.