gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Overlay Spectrum Sharing Scheme for Cognitive Radio Networks (2017)

This paper presents an enhanced overlay spectrum sharing scheme in a cognitive radio network, which consists of two pairs; a primary transmitter- primary receiver pair and a secondary base station-secondary receiver pair. The developed scheme is based on a three time slots overlay spectrum sharing, which exploits the maximum diversity gain for both the primary and secondary users. The performance of the developed scheme is assessed through the derivation of new closed form expressions for the bit error rate for arbitrary signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In addition, we carry out an asymptotic analysis in the high SNR regime, which proves that the proposed scheme achieves a full diversity order for the PU and SU. Results of analytical expressions and numerical simulations both verify that the proposed scheme achieves significant gains for error performance, for both the PU and SU, in comparison to other baseline schemes.
Surgical Options for Middle-Aged Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee (2001)

Narayan, Badri MS, MCh(Orth), FRCS(TrandOrth); Einhorn, Thomas A. MD Author Information
Atomistic Description of Ionic Diffusion in PEO–LiTFSI: Effect of Temperature, Molecular Weight, and Ionic Concentration (2018)

Understanding the ionic diffusion mechanism in polymer electrolytes is critical to the development of advanced lithium-ion batteries. We report here molecular dynamics-based characterization of structures and diffusion in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with lithium and bis(trifluoromethysulfonyl)imide (TFSI) ions imbedded into the PEO structure. We consider a range of temperatures (360–480 K), molecular weights (43, 22, 10, and 2 chains with 23, 45, 100, and 450 EO monomers, respectively), and ion concentrations (r = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 Li:EO) for which there is experimental data. The found dependence of the diffusion coefficients on these variables is in good agreement with experimental measurements. We then analyze how the diffusion performance depends on details of the atomistic diffusion mechanism, the motion of the Li and TFSI along the polymer chains and hopping between them, the role of polymer motion, the temperature dependence of the intrachain and interchain diffusion contributions to the total ionic diffusion coefficients, and how these depend on ionic concentration and molecular weight. The most diffusive Li atoms exhibit frequent interchain hopping, whereas the least diffusive Li atoms oscillate or “shift” between two or more polymer chains. These shifts may affect the segmental motion of the PEO–LiTFSI polymer that is expected to be important for fast lithium-ion diffusion. The excellent agreement between experiment and theory validates the approach and methodology used in this study, setting the stage for applying this methodology to predicting how to modify the polymer structure to increase ionic conductivity for a new generation of electrochemical materials.
MmpS4 promotes glycopeptidolipids biosynthesis and export in Mycobacterium smegmatis (2010)

The MmpS family (mycobacterial membrane protein small) includes over 100 small membrane proteins specific to the genus Mycobacterium that have not yet been studied experimentally. The genes encoding MmpS proteins are often associated with mmpL genes, which are homologous to the RND (resistance nodulation cell division) genes of Gram-negative bacteria that encode proteins functioning as multidrug efflux system. We showed by molecular genetics and biochemical analysis that MmpS4 in Mycobacterium smegmatis is required for the production and export of large amounts of cell surface glycolipids, but is dispensable for biosynthesis per se. A new specific and sensitive method utilizing single-chain antibodies against the surface-exposed glycolipids was developed to confirm that MmpS4 was dispensable for transport to the surface. Orthologous complementation demonstrated that the MmpS4 proteins are exchangeable, thus not specific to a defined lipid species. MmpS4 function requires the formation of a protein complex at the pole of the bacillus, which requires the extracytosolic C-terminal domain of MmpS4. We suggest that MmpS proteins facilitate lipid biosynthesis by acting as a scaffold for coupled biosynthesis and transport machinery.
Position Sensorless Drive in Low-Speed Region for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Using Induced Voltage Caused by Magnetic Saturation (2014)

Conventional position sensorless control methods for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in a low-speed region suffer from some disadvantages such as too much electromagnetic noise, the need for rotor saliency, and so on. On the other hand, a position sensorless method that introduces an induced voltage caused by magnetic saturation (IVMS) has already been reported(14). IVMS can be detected by an open phase of a PMSM using a block commutation drive, and it changes depending on the rotor position. The position sensor-less drive is achieved by detecting the IVMS. This method needs no rotor saliency and or harmonic injection. However, this technique has a disadvantage. Because the IVMS is a very small voltage, it is eliminated by a reversal direction electromotive force (EMF). It is difficult to achieve a reversal rotation drive in a low-speed region. To solve this problem, we introduce a PWM pulse shift to the low-speed region. With this method, both the normal and reversal direction IVMSs can be detected and the bidirectional drive is achieved. We implemented this method by using a 16-bit microcomputer and an FPGA with a 20kHz carrier frequency. Moreover, excellent drive performance in the low-speed region was obtained in the experiments.
Functional Testing of AI Cores through Thinned 3D I/O Buffer Dies in 3D Die-Stacked Modules (2022)

3D die stacking of logic and memory die can greatly enhance system performance, by enabling the logic die to have high bandwidth, low latency, low energy access to memory. To demonstrate the concept of testing an AI (Artificial Intelligence) core through a 3D die, the following method was used. An AI core which was previously designed and tested was resynthesized along with a Pseudo Random Binary Sequencer (PRBS) along one edge of the die. In the same reticle set, a second die of the same dimensions was designed with an I/O (Input/Output) buffer and a similar PRBS along one edge. The second die was designed with Keep Out Zones (KOZ) so that TSVs (Through Silicon Vias) could be integrated in this die during the fabrication process. Wafers were then built to harvest the first and second dies. The wafers that were used to create the second dies were thinned to reveal TSVs, and subsequently diced into thinned individual die. The first and second dies were then attached in a vertical 3D die stack, which was further assembled onto an organic packaging substrate. The substrate was terminated with a BGA (Ball Grid Array).Both parametric and functional electrical tests were performed to understand effects of the 3D stacking. These tests were conducted by probing the BGA, to determine the response of the first die when it was tested through the 3D thinned die. Parametric testing verified that the introduction of the 3D die not cause shorts, opens, or additional variability in electrical parameters, while functional tests verified that the designed logic, with communication across the 3D interface, produced the expected outcome.The results indicate successful design and resynthesis of both the AI core and the I/O buffer, and successful TSV integration, grind side processing, and final 3D die stacking and assembly. The functional testing of the AI core showed excellent results when tested through the intermediate 3D die. This demonstrates viability of 3D stacking of AI cores and other functional die with an I/O buffer die.
The International Integrated Photonic Systems Roadmap: defining the destination and the path (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Electronic-photonic integration is the system-level solution to scaling bandwidth density at constant cost and energy. The end point is one interconnected, world-wide ‘data center’ with resources virtualized and provisioned as services. The IPSR-I consists of reports from 17 International Technology Working Groups that define the consensus timelines, applications and component technologies that enable the required scaling. Component performance will scale with integration. Parallelism is architectural scaling paradigm. Virtualization is functional scaling paradigm. This presentation will summarize the consensus requirements and solutions for information hardware evolution during the next two decades.
Acute lumbar paraspinal compartment syndrome. A case report. (1991)

Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, McClure Musculoskeletal Research Center, Burlington 05405.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of cis‐ and trans‐Pyrrolidine‐2,5‐dicarboxylic Acids. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Computer aided desighn using CGH of a three-dimensional objects (2005)

A new method of synthesizing computer-generated holograms of 3D objects is proposed. Several projections of the 3D object are numerically processed to yield a 2D complex function, which is then encoded as a computer-generated hologram. When this hologram is illuminated by a plane wave, a 3D real image of the object is reconstructed. Although the hologram initially belongs to the type of Fourier holograms, Fresnel and image holograms are also generated by computing the propagation of the wave front from the Fourier plane to any other desired plane. Computer and optical constructions of 3D objects, both of which show the feasibility of the proposed approach, are presented herein.
Role of Epithelial Cells in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2012)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive and relentless lung scarring of unknown etiology, has been recognized as the most lethal interstitial lung disease. Despite the growing interest in IPF, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the development of fibrosis and leading to the irreversible destruction of the lung are still unknown. Recently, it has been proposed that IPF, instead of being a chronic inflammatory disorder, results from multiple cycles of epithelial cell injury and activation. In turn, active alveolar epithelial cells provoke the migration, proliferation, and activation of mesenchymal cells with the formation of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic foci and the exaggerated accumulation of extracellular matrix, mirroring abnormal wound repair. In this article, some characteristics of the alveolar epithelium are briefly outlined, and the fibrogenic mechanisms specifically operated by active abnormal epithelial cells are examined.
Heavily phosphorus-doped epitaxial Si deposited by low-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (1991)

Heavily P-doped Si layers have been grown at very low temperature (&amp;lt;600 °C) by rf plasma chemical vapor deposition. Films grown by vapor phase epitaxy (VPE) or solid phase epitaxy (SPE) are compared. By VPE growth, fully electrically activated films with a P concentration in excess of 1021 cm−3 and steep doping profiles (≤4 nm/dec) were obtained. SPE films are not fully activated and an anomalously fast P diffusion is observed during the crystallization at 600 °C. On the other hand, the Hall mobility of VPE films is significantly lower than that of SPE films.
High-Level and Ubiquitous Expression of the Rice CytochromecGeneOsCc1and Its Promoter Activity in Transgenic Plants Provides a Useful Promoter for Transgenesis of Monocots (2002)

Expression patterns of a rice (Oryza sativa) cytochrome c gene OsCc1 and its promoter activity were characterized in transgenic rice plants. OsCc1 transcripts accumulate in most cell types, but to varying levels. Large amounts of OsCc1 transcripts are found in the roots, calli, and suspension cells, but relatively lower in mature leaves, demonstrating its higher levels of expression in non-photosynthetic tissues. Unlike the human cytochrome c gene, which is responsive to cAMP, OsCc1 expression is not enhanced in various rice tissues after dibutyryl cAMP treatments. OsCc1 promoter was linked to the sgfp gene and its activities in different tissues and cell types of transgenic rice plants were analyzed in comparison with the Act1 and RbcS promoters. OsCc1 promoter directs expression in virtually all organs of transgenic plants including roots, leaves, calli, embryos, and suspension cells, showing a particularly high activity in calli and roots. Activity of the OsCc1 promoter was 3-fold higher than Act1 in calli and roots and comparable with RbcS in leaves, representing a useful alternative to the maize (Zea mays) Ubi1 and the rice Act1 promoters for transgene expression in monocots.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7‐Membered Cyclic Hydroxyguanidines: Novel HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Advances in gamma-secretase modulation. (2007)

Inhibition of the production of insoluble amyloid-Beta (ABeta) is a widely pursued strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The final step in the generation of ABeta from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) involves cleavage by gamma-secretase, and gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) have been shown to reduce the amyloid burden in animal models of AD. Unfortunately, GSIs also cause inhibition of the cleavage of other gamma-secretase substrates, including Notch, while the co-inhibition of Notch processing by GSIs in animal studies was observed to result in a gamut of side effects. A new class of compounds, known as gamma-secretase modulators (GSMs), inhibit the amyloidogenic function of gamma-secretase without interfering in the processing of Notch and other substrates. While the exact reason for the selectivity of these agents remains unclear, they are thought to intervene at an allosteric site on gamma-secretase and cause a shift of the preferred APP cleavage site so that shorter, more soluble peptides (eg, ABeta(38)) are produced instead of the highly insoluble ABeta(42). This review describes the history of the discovery of GSMs and the current medicinal chemistry efforts aimed at providing clinically useful GSM compounds.
Near-Infrared Phosphorescent Polymeric Nanomicelles: Efficient Optical Probes for Tumor Imaging and Detection (2009)

We report a formulation of near-infrared (near-IR) phosphorescent polymeric nanomicelles and their use for in vivo high-contrast optical imaging, targeting, and detection of tumors in small animals. Near-IR phosphorescent molecules of Pt(II)-tetraphenyltetranaphthoporphyrin (Pt(TPNP)) were found to maintain their near-IR phosphorescence properties when encapsulated into phospholipid nanomicelles. The prepared phosphorescent micelles are of approximately 100 nm size and are highly stable in aqueous suspensions. A large spectral separation between the Pt(TPNP) absorption, with a peak at approximately 700 nm, and its phosphorescence emission, with a peak at approximately 900 nm, allows a dramatic decrease in the level of background autofluorescence and scattered excitation light in the near-IR spectral range, where the signal from the phosphorescent probe is observed. In vivo animal imaging with subcutaneously xenografted tumor-bearing mice has resulted in high contrast optical images, indicating highly specific accumulation of the phosphorescent micelles into tumors. Using optical imaging with near-IR phosphorescent nanomicelles, detection of smaller, visually undetectable tumors has also been demonstrated.
High RF carrier frequency modulation in silicon resonators by coupling adjacent free-spectral-range modes (2014)

We demonstrate the modulation of silicon ring resonators at RF carrier frequencies higher than the resonance linewidth by coupling adjacent free-spectral-range (FSR) resonance modes. In this modulator scheme, the modulation frequency is matched to the FSR frequency. As an example, we demonstrate a 20 GHz modulation in a silicon ring with a resonance linewidth of only 11.7 GHz. We show theoretically that this modulator scheme has lower power consumption compared to a standard silicon ring modulator at high carrier frequencies. These results could enable future on-chip high-frequency analog communication and photonic signal processing on a silicon photonics platform.
Measurement of the muon reconstruction performance of the ATLAS detector using 2011 and 2012 LHC proton–proton collision data (2014)

This paper presents the performance of the ATLAS muon reconstruction during the LHC run with pp collisions at s = 7-8 TeV in 2011-2012, focusing mainly on data collected in 2012. Measurements of the reconstruction efficiency and of the momentum scale and resolution, based on large reference samples of J/ , Z and decays, are presented and compared to Monte Carlo simulations. Corrections to the simulation, to be used in physics analysis, are provided. Over most of the covered phase space (muon || < 2.7 and 5 p T 100 GeV) the efficiency is above 99 % and is measured with per-mille precision. The momentum resolution ranges from 1.7 % at central rapidity and for transverse momentum p T 10 GeV, to 4 % at large rapidity and p T 100 GeV. The momentum scale is known with an uncertainty of 0.05 % to 0.2 % depending on rapidity. A method for the recovery of final state radiation from the muons is also presented.
Demonstration of optical via and low-loss optical crossing for vertical integration Of silicon photonic circuits (2008)

We demonstrate optical via and ultralow-loss optical crossing in dual layer silicon photonic circuit. We have achieved crossing loss as low as 0.013± 0.0024 dB/crossing. By employing shallow etched grating couplers we couple light from one photonic layer to other with a coupling efficiency of 11%.
Diagnostic Accuracy Study of a Novel Blood-Based Assay for Identification of Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV (2020)

A nonsputum triage test to rule out tuberculosis (TB) disease is a WHO high-priority diagnostic, and a combinatory score based on a 3-gene host signature has shown promise in discriminating TB from other illnesses. We evaluated the accuracy of an early-prototype cartridge assay ("Xpert MTB Host Response" or Xpert-MTB-HR-Prototype) of this 3-gene signature on biobanked blood samples from people living with HIV (PLHIV) against a comprehensive microbiological reference standard (CMRS) and against Xpert MTB/RIF on the first sputum sample alone. We depict results based on performance targets set by the WHO in comparison with a laboratory-based C-reactive protein (CRP) assay. Of 201 patients included, 67 were culture positive for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> The areas under the concentration-time curve (AUCs) for Xpert-MTB-HR-Prototype were 0.89 (confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.94) against the CMRS and 0.94 (CI, 0.89 to 0.98) against Xpert MTB/RIF. Considering Xpert-MTB-HR-Prototype as a triage test (at the nearest upper value of sensitivity to 90%), specificities were 55.8% (CI, 47.2 to 64.1%) compared to the CMRS and 85.9% (CI, 79.3 to 90.7%) compared to Xpert MTB/RIF as confirmatory tests. Considering Xpert-MTB-HR-Prototype as a stand-alone diagnostic test, at a specificity near 95%, the test achieved a sensitivity of 65.7% (CI, 53.7 to 75.9%), while the CRP assay achieved a sensitivity of only 13.6% (CI, 7.3 to 23.4%). In this first accuracy study of a prototype blood-based host marker assay, we show the possible value of the assay for triage and diagnosis in PLHIV.
Molecular Consequences of the BCR-ABL Translocation in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (1993)

The BCR-ABL translocation of chronic myelogenous leukemia represents a paradigm for the study of translocations that create fusion proteins. The work of many laboratories has clearly established that the BCR-ABL protein can transform cells and cause leukemias in mice. This oncogenic signal appears to involve transduction of a tyrosine kinase signal from the cytoplasm to the nucleus via intermediary proteins such as ras and myc. Although the biological effects of the BCR-ABL fusion protein are well characterized, the normal biological functions of ABL and BCR are only beginning to come to light. ABL is a nuclear tyrosine kinase which binds DNA, suggesting a possible normal role in transcription. BCR has homology to proteins which regulate membrane ruffling. Understanding the normal roles of ABL and BCR will help define the abnormal leukemogenic effects of the BCR-ABL fusion.
COMPUTER-ASSISTED GAP EQUALISATION (CAGE) IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY (2005)

Introduction and Aims: Computer-assisted bone and soft tissue balancing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may aid in achieving perfect knee alignment leading to better function and prosthesis survival. The ‘Measured Resection’ technique was compared to a ‘Computer Assisted Gap Equalisation’ (CAGE) technique of knee balancing in TKA. Method: TKAs were performed on eight pairs of cadaver knees. One side of each pair was randomly selected to the control group in which measured resection was used for balancing. The experimental technique (CAGE) using a computer-assisted ligament-tensioning device to equalise gap symmetry and load was used on the contralateral side. Post-operatively, a simulator applied forces to the quadriceps and hamstring tendons and a tibial load transducer measured compartmental force at five flexion angles (0, 30, 45, 60, 90 degrees). Outcome assessment consisted of measuring gap loads and symmetry under ligament tension pre-component insertion and compartmental force post-component insertion. Results: Although there was no significant difference between the two groups in the symmetry of the extension (p = 0.27) and flexion (p=0.07) gaps pre-component insertion, there was a trend towards improved gap symmetry in the CAGE group. As well, pre-component insertion there was a significant (p 0.05 using 2-way repeated measures ANOVA) in medial to lateral compartment load balance between the two groups. As well, the measured loads with the knee in full extension (zero degrees of flexion) were significantly higher (p Conclusion: CAGE improves knee balance pre-component insertion by improving surgical accuracy with computer-assistance. However, component design, posterior capsular tension and tibial rotation preclude sustaining the improved balance post-component insertion leaving final knee balance unchanged. Further work is needed to translate the improved surgical accuracy into improved balance following component insertion.
<title>Comparative survey of proposals for space-based determination of the gravitational constant (G)</title> (1997)

Proposals for determining the gravitational constant G in space are compared and contrasted. We find that only three proposals have carefully treated the many physical processes in the space environment which might potentially vitiate the sought-for accuracy. The capability of the proposed missions to make other gravitational measurements and tests is described.
a Search for Muon Channel Lepton Flavor Violations in Z Boson Decays at Lep. (1994)

Over 1 510 000 Z boson decays in the L$\sb3$ detector were examined in search of evidence of the lepton flavor violating decays $Z\to \mu\sp{\pm}\tau\sp{\mp}$ and $Z\to e\sp{\pm}\mu\sp{\mp}$ decays as an indication of physics beyond the description of the Standard Model. No candidates for $Z\to e\sp{\pm}\mu\sp{\mp}$ decays were found, and only five reasonable $Z\to \mu\sp{\pm}\tau\sp{\mp}$ candidates. This allows us to set the limits $Br(Z\to e\sp{\pm}\mu\sp{\mp})\le6.2 \times 10\sp{-6}$, and $Br(Z\to \mu\sp{\pm}\tau\sp{\mp})\le 12\times 10\sp{-6}$.