gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Latent-Space Interpolation via a Quantitative Evaluation Framework (2021)

Latent-space interpolation is commonly used to demonstrate the generalization ability of deep latent variable models. Various algorithms have been proposed to calculate the best trajectory between two encodings in the latent space. In this work, we show how data labeled with semantically continuous attributes can be utilized to conduct a quantitative evaluation of latent-space interpolation algorithms, for variational autoencoders. Our framework can be used to complement the standard qualitative comparison, and also enables evaluation for domains (such as graph) in which the visualization is difficult. Interestingly, our experiments reveal that the superiority of interpolation algorithms could be domain-dependent. While normalised interpolation works best for the image domain, spherical linear interpolation achieves the best performance in the graph domain. Next, we propose a simple-yet-effective method to restrict the latent space via a bottleneck structure in the encoder. We find that all interpolation algorithms evaluated in this work can benefit from this restriction. Finally, we conduct interpolation-aware training with the labeled attributes, and show that this explicit supervision can improve the interpolation performance.
The effect of radio frequency plasma processing reactor circuitry on plasma characteristics (1998)

Past experiments have demonstrated that details of the external electrical circuitry can strongly influence the performance of radio frequency (rf) plasma processing reactors. Seemingly minor changes in the circuit, such as changing cable lengths, can lead to significantly different plasma characteristics. To investigate these couplings, a plasma equipment model has been developed which consists of a linked reactor simulation and a circuit model. In this hierarchy the results of the reactor simulation are periodically used in the circuit model to construct a simple representation of the plasma consisting of sheaths and resistors which are connected to the external circuit. Voltages (dc, fundamental and harmonics) and currents at all electrodes and reactor surfaces are computed, and are then employed as boundary conditions for the plasma reactor simulation. The models were used to investigate the effects of operating conditions, reactor geometry and stray coupling on the electrical characteristics of asymmetric capacitively coupled rf discharges. It was found that nonlinear sheaths lead to voltages and currents that have significant amplitudes at higher harmonics. As a consequence, external circuits that may appear identical to the plasma at the fundamental frequency may produce different plasma characteristics. Since plasmas are generally nonlinear and the combined plasma and circuit impedance is usually reactive, it was found that the voltage (or power) at the supply is not simply related to the voltages on electrode surfaces which generate the plasma.
P‐176: High efficiency hole transporting host materials for blue phosphorescent Organic light‐Emitting Diodes (2020)

In this work, bicarbazole‐dibenzofuran backbone structure based host materials, 9′‐(dibenzo[b,d]furan‐2‐y1)‐9‐phenyl‐9H,9′H‐3,4'‐bicarbazole (3PCz4CzFu) and 9‐(dibenzo[b,d]furan‐2‐y1)‐9′‐phenyl‐9H,9'H‐3,4'‐bicarbazole (4PCz3CzFu), were designed and synthesized. Since both materials have twisted molecular structure, they showed high triplet energy of above 2.90 eV. Also, they showed high hole current density, which enabled high external quantum efficiency of over 24.0% in the deep blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes. Compared with 3PCz4CzFu, 4PCz3CzFu showed improved external quantum efficiency, efficiency roll‐off, and lifetime because 4PCz3CzFu have better hole transporting property than 3PCz4CzFu in hole only device.
Supplementary Figure S11 from YAP Orchestrates Heterotypic Endothelial Cell Communication via HGF/c-MET Signaling in Liver Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Confirmatory data for OPN and HGF in samples derived from human HCC patients.&lt;/p&gt;
Bioinformatics: A rational combine approach used for the identification and in-vitro activity evaluation of potent β-Glucuronidase inhibitors (2018)

Identification of hotspot drug-receptor interactions through in-silico prediction methods (Pharmacophore mapping, virtual screening, 3DQSAR, etc), is considered as a key approach in drug designing and development process. In the current design study, advanced in-silico based computational techniques were used for the identification of leadlike molecules against the targeted receptor -glucuronidase. The binding pattern of a potent inhibitor in the ligand-receptor X-ray co-crystallize complex was used to identify and extract the structure-base Pharmacophore features. Based on these observations; five structure-based pharmacophore models were derived to conduct the virtual screening of ICCBS in-house data-base. Top-ranked identified Hits (33 compounds) were selected to subject for in-vitro biological activity evaluation against -glucuronidase enzyme; out of them, twenty compounds (61% of screened compounds) evaluated as actives, however eleven compounds were found to have significantly higher inhibitory activity, including compounds 1, 5-8, 10, 12-13, and 17-19 with IC 50 values ranging from 1.2 M to 34.9 M. Out of the eleven potent inhibitors, seven compounds 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, and 19 were found new, and evaluated first time for the -glucuronidase inhibitory activity. Compounds 1, 5 and 19 exhibited a highly potent inhibition in uM of -glucuronidase enzyme with non-cytotoxic behavior against the mouse fibroblast (3T3) cell line. Our combined in-silico and in-vitro results revealed that the binding pattern analysis of the eleven potent inhibitors, showed almost similar non-covalent interactions, as observed in case of our validated pharmacophore model. The obtained results thus demonstrated that the virtual screening minimizes false positives, and provide a template for the identification and development of new and more potent -glucuronidase inhibitors with non-toxic effects.
The women’s heart health programme: a pilot trial of sex-specific cardiovascular management (2018)

This trial was prospectively registered clinicaltrials.gov on 6 May 2013. Trial Number: 2013/00088. Identifier: NCT02017470.
Universal Adhesives Benefit from an Extra Hydrophobic Adhesive Layer When Light Cured Beforehand. (2019)

The bond durability of universal adhesives, applied in self-etch mode, was found to benefit from the application of an extra hydrophobic adhesive layer when the universal adhesives were first light cured.
Wavelet analysis of trees (2002)

In this paper the discharge currents accompanied with tree developments are discussed based on the wavelet transformations. Tree phenomena are a very important object for studying solid insulating materials, and one of the physical quantities related with tree developments is the discharge currents. In this paper we apply the wavelet transformations to the discharge currents accompanied with the trees developing from the needle tip of a needle-plane electrode system in PE. The lack of the discharge current (pulses) were estimated by a neural network method. The results obtained are: The development of trees is active at the applied time with great wavelet coefficient /spl alpha/ (I), and thus the development can be estimated from the variation of the corresponding wavelet coefficient /spl alpha/ (I). The wavelet transformations are a very useful method for obtaining the time dependent information of local tree developments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Autism Spectrum Disorders as a Qualitatively Distinct Category From Typical Behavior in a Large, Clinically Ascertained Sample (2009)

The present study evaluated the hypothesis that autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are best represented as a discrete category distinct from typical behavior within autism-affected families. The latent structure, categorical versus dimensional, of ASDs informs future diagnostic revisions, clinical assessment, and the design of future research. Data were obtained from Interactive Autism Network, a registry that preferentially recruits families with at least one ASD-affected child. Caregivers reported autism symptoms for affected and unaffected children using the Social Responsiveness Scale and Social Communication Questionnaire. Taxometric and latent variable models examined whether dimensional or categorical models best fit the data. Taxometric and latent variable model comparisons consistently indicated two-group mixtures for all indicator sets, even in participants designated as unaffected by caregivers. The identified category was associated with external indicators of disability, supporting its validity. Results indicated that ASD is best characterized as a category, distinct from typical behavior within ASD-affected families.
Laterally actuated nanoelectromechanical relays with compliant, low resistance contact (2013)

Laterally actuated nanoelectromechanical relays with compliant source-drain contacts are presented. The relay sidewalls are coated with a 30 nm-thick conductive layer of titanium nitride (TiN) deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD). By hollowing the tip of the relay, a flexible sidewall is formed from the thin TiN that results in a larger contact area and therefore improves the contact properties of the relay. This modification improves the on-state resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> ) and also provides better stability over a larger number of switching cycles compared to a rigid contact. The results of life-time tests show that the contact resistance increases with the number of switching cycles possibly due to degradation of the contact material. However, flexible contacts show improved contact resistance stability under cyclic contact.
The effect of isosorbide dinitrate on uterine artery and umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms at mid-pregnancy (1996)

Isosorbide dinitrate, a donor of nitric acid, lowers mean maternal BP and reduces the Doppler impedance in the umbilical and uterine arteries. This drug could prove to be beneficial when endothelial cell dysfunction leads to insufficient synthesis and release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, resulting in generalized vasoconstriction and increased resistance to flow in the uteroplacental circulation.
Supplementary Table 4 from Elevated TNFR1 and Serotonin in Bone Metastasis Are Correlated with Poor Survival following Bone Metastasis Diagnosis for Both Carcinoma and Sarcoma Primary Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 242K, Spearman's Rho correlation analysis results for the entire study set, using RPMA data.&lt;/p&gt;
A Method of Compression in HUMS and its Effect on Analysis (2008)

The fleet of Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) equipped aircraft is growing rapidly. With the UH-60M having HUMS as original equipment, it is anticipated that there will be more than 1200 aircraft proving parametric and vibration data. Considering that each aircraft produced 20 MB of data per flight hour, 100 flight hours per month, a fleet of 1200 aircraft will generate 29 Terabytes of data. This paper explores a methodology for data compression to significantly reduce the storage requirements for this data. The effects of compression on event detection (parametric and vibration) is explored and bounds are error are given.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Enhanced Cancer Radiotherapy through Immunosuppressive Stromal Cell Destruction in Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 89K&lt;/p&gt;
Does a delay in external beam radiation therapy after tissue diagnosis affect outcome for men with prostate carcinoma? (2005)

Within the limits of the current study, data indicate that a treatment delay, even in high-risk patients, has little effect on clinical or biochemical outcome.
Molecular Mapping and Identific ation of Soybean Fatt y Acid Modifie r Quantitative Trait Loci (2004)

Altering FA content in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil for improved functionality is a research goal of many soybean breeders. Several of the genes that alter palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids are modifier genes with small effects, causing these FA traits to act as quantitative traits. The objective of this study was to identify modifier FA quantitative trait loci (QTL) in soybean. A recombinant inbred line population was created from two prominent ancestors of currently avail-able U.S. cultivars (Essex and Williams) and grown in five environments. One hundred simple se-quence repeat markers spaced throughout the genome were mapped in this population. QTL were found for all five FA traits on the soybean linkage groups C2, D2, D1b, F, K, and L. A single marker interval on linkage group L contained the largest QTL for palmitic (r2 = 13.1%), oleic (r2 = 35.3%), linoleic (r2 = 50.5%), and linolenic acids (r2 = 24.8%); however, this interval also contained the gene for growth habit (Dt1) and was significantly associated with maturity. Other modifier QTL found in this study may be of use in marker-assisted selection to enable breeders to increase genetic gains for desirable FA composition of soybean.
Reconstruction magnetic resonance neurography in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (2014)

To study distribution and patterns of nerve hypertrophy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), magnetic resonance neurography with 3-dimensional reconstruction of short tau inversion recovery images was performed in 33 patients. This technique clearly showed longitudinal morphological changes from the cervical roots to the nerve trunks in the proximal arm. Nerve enlargement was detected in 88% of the patients. According to the clinical subtype of CIDP, typical CIDP patients showed symmetric and root-dominant hypertrophy, whereas Lewis-Sumner syndrome patients had multifocal fusiform hypertrophy in the nerve trunks. The patterns of nerve hypertrophy presumably reflect the different pathophysiology of each CIDP subtype.
Increased intracellular cyclic AMP inhibits inositol phospholipid hydrolysis induced by perturbation of the T cell receptor/CD3 complex but not by G-protein stimulation. Association with protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of phospholipase C-γ 1 (1992)

Modulation of inositol phospholipid (InsPL) hydrolysis in response to increasing intracellular concentrations of cyclic AMP (cAMP) was studied in a murine T helper type II (Th2) lymphocyte clone, 8-5-5. Intact 8-5-5 cells produced maximal amounts of cAMP in response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cholera toxin (CTx) or 7 beta-deacetyl-7 beta-(gamma-N-methylpiperazino)butyryl forskolin (dmpb-forskolin). cAMP generation reached a plateau after 5 min of treatment with dmpb-forskolin (300 microM) or PGE2 (1 microM), but required 60 min of treatment with CTx (1 microgram/ml). Preincubation of 8-5-5 cells with 1 microM-PGE2 or 300 microM-dmpb-forskolin (10 min at 37 degrees C) or with 1 microgram of CTx/ml (60 min at 37 degrees C) completely inhibited InsPL hydrolysis induced by perturbation of the T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex with the monoclonal antibody 145.2C11. Preincubation with the cAMP analogue 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (8-Br-cAMP) also inhibited InsPL hydrolysis. Tetanolysin-permeabilized 8-5-5 cells produced cAMP in response to PGE2, dmpb-forskolin and guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]), a non-cell-permeating, non-hydrolysable analogue of GTP that directly activates G-proteins. No inhibition of TCR/CD3-induced InsPL hydrolysis was observed under these conditions. InsPL hydrolysis was also unaffected when permeabilized cells were incubated with up to 10 mM-8-Br-cAMP, suggesting that permeabilized cells lost (a) soluble effector molecule(s) involved in mediating the inhibitory effect observed in intact cells. Treatment of 8-5-5 cells with dmpb-forskolin or CTx prior to permeabilization resulted in inhibition of TCR/CD3-induced InsPL hydrolysis, but did not affect InsPL hydrolysis induced via G-protein stimulation with GTP[S]. Treatment of permeabilized 8-5-5 cells with purified cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) resulted in inhibition of TCR/CD3- but not GTP[S]-induced InsPL hydrolysis. This effect was associated with phosphorylation of phospholipase (PLC)-gamma 1 in the absence of phosphorylation of components of the TCR/CD3 complex. These results suggest that PKA-mediated phosphorylation of PLC may regulate TCR/CD3-induced InsPL hydrolysis.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Structure-Guided Discovery of a Selective Mcl-1 Inhibitor with Cellular Activity. (2019)

Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, whose upregulation when observed in human cancers is associated with high tumor grade, poor survival, and resistance to chemotherapy, has emerged as an attractive target for cancer therapy. Here, we report the discovery of selective small molecule inhibitors of Mcl-1 that inhibit cellular activity. Fragment screening identified thienopyrimidine amino acids as promising but nonselective hits that were optimized using nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray-derived structural information. The introduction of hindered rotation along a biaryl axis has conferred high selectivity to the compounds, and cellular activity was brought on scale by offsetting the negative charge of the anchoring carboxylate group. The obtained compounds described here exhibit nanomolar binding affinity and mechanism-based cellular efficacy, caspase induction, and growth inhibition. These early research efforts illustrate drug discovery optimization from thienopyrimidine hits to a lead compound, the chemical series leading to the identification of our more advanced compounds S63845 and S64315. PMID: 31339316
Broadband enhancement of thermal radiation (2019)

Broadband thermal radiation sources are critical for various applications including spectroscopy and electricity generation. However, due to the difficulty in simultaneously achieving high absorptivity and low thermal mass these sources are inefficient. We show a platform that enables one to obtain enhanced emission by coupling a thermal emitter to an optical cavity. We experimentally demonstrate broadband enhancement of thermal emission between λ ~2 ̶ 4.2 μm using an inherently poor thermal emitter consisting of tens of nanometers thick SiC film with 10% emissivity (ε<sub>SiC</sub> ~0.1). We measure over twofold enhancement of total emission power over the entire spectral band and threefold enhancement of thermal emission over 3 to 3.4 μm. Our platform has the potential to enable development of ideal blackbody sources operating at substantially lower heating powers.
Dynamic Spatially Augmented 3D Painting (2001)

We present techniques for creating a Spatially Augmented Reality for moving polygonal objects in an indoor environment, and a system that uses these techniques for painting in 3D on these objects in real time. By tracking the object and projecting on its different surfaces with two or more projectors, our system creates a dynamic spatially augmented version of the object that is registered with the real object as it moves. Along with modification of the lighting and material properties, our application allows real-time 3D painting on the surface of the real object. Even though extensive user studies for this application have not yet been done, the application is new and compelling enough even at the proof of concept stage to warrant further exploration into this area to solve all of the problems encountered, particularly into the problem of real-time blending of the projected images in the areas of projector overlap. Keywords: Applications, 3D Painting, Spatially Augmented Reality, Projector, Tracking, Human-Computer Interface Additional Keywords: Augmented Reality, Dynamic, Virtual Reality
Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy and Easy Cone State in Ta/Co60Fe20B20 /MgO (2015)

We used broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy to measure the second- and fourth-order perpendicular magnetic anisotropies in Ta/(t) Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> /MgO layers over a Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> thickness range of 5.0 nm ≥ t ≥ 0.8 nm. Fort > 1.0 nm, the easy axis is in the plane of the film, but when t <; 1.0 nm, the easy axis is directed perpendicular to the surface. However, the presence of a substantial higher order perpendicular anisotropy results in an easy cone state when t = 1.0 nm. Angular-dependent FMR measurements verify the presence of the easy cone state. Measurement of the spectroscopic g-factor via FMR for both the in-plane and out-of-plane geometries suggests a significant change in electronic and/or physical structure at t ≈ 1.0 nm thickness.
Role of the interfacial layer in the efficiency and lifetime of polymeric light emitting devices (2007)

The effects of the interfacial layers on the properties of fluorescent polymeric light emitting devices were investigated. The interfacial layer material, poly(9,9′-dioctylfluorene-co-bis-N,N′-(4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)-bis-N,N′-phenyl-benzidine (BFEC), has uniform surface roughness and high hole mobility upon thermal treatment up to 250 °C. Both for commercially available fluorescent red and green polymeric light emitters, the insertion of a BFEC interfacial layer resulted in a more than 30% increase of efficiency and a three times longer half-lifetime, whereas the blue fluorescent material showed no enhancement of power efficiency and lifetime. We attribute the improved device performance afforded by the interfacial layer to the bilayered devices having a more charge-balanced structure. The facilitated hole injection and electron/exciton blocking of the interfacial layer induced an infinitesimal shift of the recombination region, which was characterized by the electroluminescent spectra of the devices and the photoluminescent spectra of the bilayers.