gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A University Consortium on Low Temperature Combustion for High Efficiency, Ultra-Low Emission Engines (2009)

The objective of the University consortium was to investigate the fundamental processes that determine the practical boundaries of Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) engines and develop methods to extend those boundaries to improve the fuel economy of these engines, while operating with ultra low emissions. This work involved studies of thermal effects, thermal transients and engine management, internal mixing and stratification, and direct injection strategies for affecting combustion stability. This work also examined spark-assisted Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) and exhaust after-treatment so as to extend the range and maximize the benefit of Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)/ Partially Premixed Compression Ignition (PPCI) operation. In summary the overall goals were; Investigate the fundamental processes that determine the practical boundaries of Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) engines; Develop methods to extend LTC boundaries to improve the fuel economy of HCCI engines fueled on gasoline and alternative blends, while operating with ultra low emissions; and Investigate alternate fuels, ignition and after-treatment for LTC and Partially Premixed compression Ignition (PPCI) engines.
Applications of data mining to cluster scheduling and failure diagnosis (2009)

The trends of steadily decreasing hardware costs and explosive growth in demand for computational power has led to growing popularity of clusters of commodity computers to meet the computational needs of businesses and research institutions. Popular uses of such clusters include running grid management systems to provide high throughput computations, and running parallel database management systems to address data warehousing needs. Clusters can provide the benefit of large increases in productivity, but are also much more complex to manage than a single computer, which often prevents users from achieving the entire productivity benefit offered by the cluster. The scale of the management problem makes it hard for administrators and users to have a complete idea of what is going on in the cluster, and whether it is being used to its full potential. 
We propose data mining as a way of mitigating this problem; by using well known machine learning techniques, it is possible to learn patterns in the behavior of the cluster, which can then be used to improve productivity in a variety of scenarios. Data mining approaches are well suited to this problem because they require little human intervention, and hence can deal with large and complex systems. 
In the first part of this thesis, we explore some issues that arise when we try to apply existing implementations of data mining algorithms to diagnose as well as predict job failures in grids. We demonstrate that (a) it is feasible to gather enough data in real-time to train useful classifier algorithms, using only a small fraction of the grids computational resources, (b) it is important to choose the features used for classification with care, and (c) it is useful to have both per-user and system-wide classifiers, as they diagnose different kinds of problems. This application of data mining is proposed as a tool to improve user productivity by assisting them in finding errors in grid job submissions. 
The second part of this thesis turns to a different scenario, viz. sharing a cluster between a grid management system and a parallel database management system. Common wisdom holds that parallel database systems should be run in isolation, so as to maximize performance. We investigate whether this is necessary or desirable, and show that a cluster can indeed be beneficially shared, but we need a scheduler that knows the interaction between grid jobs and parallel database queries. We propose a heuristic scheduling approach that uses data mining techniques to predict the interference of jobs and queries, and demonstrate that it allows for increased productivity and flexibility in the cluster.
Effect of Ca Co-Doping on the Luminescence Centers in LSO:Ce Single Crystals (2011)

Experimental studies of LSO:Ce crystals co-doped with various concentrations of Ca are presented. Photoluminescence decay time, excitation and emission spectra, thermal response and X-ray excited luminescence are investigated as a function of Ca concentration. Experimental data show Ca co-doping does not alter the energy level structure of either Ce1 or Ce2, but reduces the relative population of Ce2 to Ce1. Thus, the luminescence from Ce2 is suppressed, which contributes to the fast scintillation decay of Ca co-doped LSO:Ce.
An integrated approach to oral vaccination against enteric pathogens (2014)

While the majority of human pathogens infect the body through mucosal sites, most licenced vaccines are injectable. In fact the only mucosal vaccine that is widely used for infant and childhood vaccination programs is the oral polio vaccine (OPV) developed by Albert Sabin in the 1950s. While oral vaccines against Cholera, rotavirus and Salmonella typhi have been licenced, the development of vaccines against other enteric pathogens has been slow and challenging. Mucosal vaccines elicit protective immunity at the gut mucosa, in part via antigen-specific secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA). This explains the low efficacy of injectable cholera vaccines, which have been abandoned in favour of oral cholera vaccines (OCVs). However, oral vaccines face many challenges including passage through the acidic environment of the stomach followed by the proteolytic environment of the duodenum which can lead to the destruction of vaccines. The gut innate immune system is also difficult to activate due to its predisposition towards hyporesponsiveness and tolerance. Lastly, adjuvants such as alum, incorporated in injectable vaccines to enhance their immunogenicity are lacking for the oral route.
Photodetectors For Acousto-Optic Signal Processing (1986)

A review of various photodetector device types, detector array architectures and applications of acousto-optic (A-0) signal processing is presented. The primary design considerations for obtaining high dynamic range, high sensitivity, low crosstalk photodetector arrays are also discussed. The current status and future needs for detector arrays for A-0 signal processing are presented. A review of several novel detector structures and concepts that have potential for future A-0 optical signal processing use is described.
<title>Adaptive compensation of dynamic wavefront aberrations based on blind optimization technique</title> (1999)

In this paper, we present experimental results of dynamic aberration correction based on gradient descend algorithms. The experimental setup included a 37-actuators piezoelectric deformable mirror to distort dynamically an input laser beam and a 37-element micromachined deformable membrane mirror to correct the resulting wavefront distortions. We generated time-varying aberrations using the first mirror and used the light power focused onto a pinhole as our optimization matrix. We programmed a computer to maximize this metric and control the shape of the micromachined deformable membrane mirror for wavefront correction. We implemented in this computer a simple gradient descend algorithm and a stochastic perturbation gradient descent algorithm. We present experimental data on the convergence and stability of this adaptive system for various conditions of dynamic turbulence.
Toward Quantitative Annular Dark Field Imaging (2001)

Abstract Annular Dark Field imaging has the potential to be directly quantifiable. By this I mean that with careful measurement, the absolute image intensity has physical meaning. Unlike Bright Field TEM, the ADF image has no contrast reversals with focus and with the exception of thick specimens there are no contrast reversals with changes in thickness. Thus, image intensity is related to thickness, composition, orientation, and structure of local regions whose size is determined by the electron probe. The ability to extract quantitative information about the specimen from the intensity requires careful collection of the intensity data and a solid understanding of how that intensity will change with thickness, composition, orientation, and structure. The qualitative effect of thickness and composition has been well shown in the literature but more quantitative approaches have been lacking. The simplest models of ADF imaging treat each atom interacting
USING MICROFLUIDICS TO CONTROL THE EXTRACELLULAR ENVIRONMENT AND TO MEASURE RELEASE FROM SELECTED NEURONS (2008)

Understanding function in healthy and diseased brains requires knowledge of the biochemistry occurring within the neurons and supporting cells making up the brain. What is the cell-to-cell variation of the neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the nervous system and how does this change in an activity-dependent manner? For many compounds, the answer is unknown. Here we use a range of unique sampling protocols, capillary-scale separations, and microfluidic devices with both freshly isolated and cultured primary neurons to probe neurotransmitter and neuropeptide content and release from neurons in well-defined networks and from well-controlled microenvironments.
Neonatal Exposure to Estradiol Valerate Programs Ovarian Sympathetic Innervation and Follicular Development in the Adult Rat1 (2007)

A single injection of estradiol valerate (EV) to 14-day-old rats (when the ovarian follicle population has been already established) disrupts cyclicity, increases the activity of key enzymes of androgen biosynthesis, and develops polycystic ovary by a causally related increase in ovarian noradrenaline (NA). The current study examined an early window of ovarian development to look for a specific stage of development at which estradiol can induce such changes in sympathetic activity and follicular development. A single dose of EV applied to rats before the first 12 h of life rapidly increases (after 24 h) the ovarian expression of nerve growth factor (Ngfb) and p75 low-affinity neurotrophic receptor (Ngfr) mRNAs. When adults, rats presented early vaginal opening, disrupted cyclicity, appearance of follicular cyst, absence of corpus luteum, and infertility. Total follicles decreased, mainly due to a reduced number of primordial follicles, suggesting that estradiol acts in the first stages of folliculogenesis, when primordial follicles are organizing. These changes paralleled a 6-fold increase in NA concentration. No changes in NA content were found in the celiac ganglia, suggesting a local, non-centrally mediated effect of estradiol. Surgical section of the superior ovarian nerve (the main source of sympathetic nerves to the ovary) to rats neonatally treated with EV decreased intraovarian NA, delayed vaginal opening, and blocked the development of follicular cyst and that of preovulatory follicles. Therefore, we can conclude that early exposure to estradiol permanently modifies ovarian sympathetic activity and causes profound changes in follicular development, leading to the polycystic ovary condition.
PCNA regulates primary metabolism by scaffolding metabolic enzymes (2022)

The essential roles of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a scaffold protein in DNA replication and repair are well established, while its cytosolic roles are less explored. Two metabolic enzymes, alpha-enolase (ENO1) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), both contain PCNA interacting motifs. Mutation of the PCNA interacting motif APIM in ENO1 (F423A) impaired its binding to PCNA and resulted in reduced cellular levels of ENO1 protein, reduced growth rate, reduced glucose consumption, and reduced activation of AKT. Metabolome and signalome analysis reveal large consequences of impairing the direct interaction between PCNA and ENO1. Metabolites above ENO1 in glycolysis accumulated while lower glycolytic and TCA cycle metabolite pools decreased in the APIM-mutated cells; however, their overall energetic status were similar to parental cells. Treating haematological cancer cells or activated primary monocytes with a PCNA targeting peptide drug containing APIM (ATX-101) also lead to a metabolic shift characterized by reduced glycolytic rate. In addition, we show that ATX-101 treatments reduced the ENO1 - PCNA interaction, the ENO1, GAPDH and 6PGD protein levels, as well as the 6PGD activity. Here we report for the first time that PCNA acts as a scaffold for metabolic enzymes, and thereby act as a direct regulator of primary metabolism.
Use of Induced Polarization to Characterize the Hydrogeologic Framework of the Zone of Surface‐Water/Groundwater Exchange at the Hanford 300 Area, WA (2010)

An extensive continuous waterborne electrical imaging (CWEI) survey was conducted along the Columbia River corridor adjacent to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford 300 Area, WA, in order to improve the conceptual model for exchange between surface water and U‐contaminated groundwater. The primary objective was to determine spatial variability in the depth to the Hanford‐Ringold (H‐R) contact, an important lithologic boundary that limits vertical transport of groundwater along the river corridor. Resistivity and induced polarization (IP) measurements were performed along six survey lines parallel to the shore (each greater than 2.5 km in length), with a measurement recorded every 0.5–3.0 m depending on survey speed, resulting in approximately 65,000 measurements. The H‐R contact was clearly resolved in images of the normalized chargeability along the river corridor due to the large contrast in surface area (hence polarizability) of the granular material between the two lithologic units. Cross sections of the lithologic structure along the river corridor reveal a large variation in the thickness of the overlying Hanford unit (the aquifer through which contaminated groundwater discharges to the river) and clearly identify locations along the river corridor where the underlying Ringold unit is exposed to the riverbed. Knowing the distribution of the Hanford and Ringold units along the river corridor substantially improves the conceptual model for the hydrogeologic framework regulating U exchange between groundwater and Columbia River water relative to current models based on projections of data from boreholes on land into the river.
Repeatability profiles towards consistent sensitivity and specificity levels for machine learning on breast DCE-MRI (2020)

We evaluated a radiomics/machine learning method for dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (DCE-MR) images of breast lesions and the impact of case-based classification repeatability on sensitivity and specificity. DCE-MR images of 1,169 unique breast lesions (267 benign, 902 malignant) were retrospectively collected under HIPAA/IRB. Lesions were automatically segmented using a fuzzy c-means method; thirty-eight radiomic features were extracted. Three classification tasks were investigated: (i) benign vs. malignant, (ii) pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) vs. DCIS with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and (iii) luminal A or luminal B cancers vs. other molecular subtypes. Case-based repeatability of classifier output was constructed using 0.632+ bootstrap sampling (1000 iterations) with classification by support vector machine (SVM). Repeatability profiles were constructed for each task using the 95% confidence interval widths of the classifier output for cases in the test folds over all bootstrap iterations. The relationships between classifier output repeatability and variability in sensitivity and specificity over the bootstrap test folds were investigated. Most cases fell within the highest repeatability of classifier output over all three classification tasks. Sensitivity and specificity demonstrated more variability in the test folds than in the training folds at corresponding thresholds for the classifier output. Higher repeatability of classifier output was associated with lower variability in sensitivity and specificity in tasks (i) and (ii) but not in task (iii). Case-based repeatability profiles may be important for characterizing impact of using radiomics with desired sensitivity and specificity.
Production, trade and exchange rates in large experimental economies (2007)

We construct experimental economies for the purpose of studying market equilibration in economies that are larger and more complex than any that have been studied experimentally to date. Complexity is derived from the fact that the economies are “international ” in economic structure with multiple foreign exchange markets in operation. The economies have twenty-one markets and due to the fact that they have on the order of 50 agents, the economies are characterized by several hundred equations. In spite of the complexity and interdependence of the economy, the results demonstrate the substantial power of the general equilibrium model of perfect competition to predict directions of movements of market-level variables. Exploratory analysis yields patterns in the experimental data that are also frequently found in field studies. For example, international trade patterns conform closely to the gravity model and exhibit a strong home bias. 1.
An Empty Rocking Chair On Mrs. Jackson's Front Porch (1986)

An Empty Rocking Chair On Mrs. Jackson's Front PorchMy front yard.The ground shivers of fall and the trees crouch down from the wind.A child's wagon tips over and chimes on Mrs. Jackson's front porch dance like rain drops skipping on a lake.Her screen door opens slightly and slams shut, only to be pried open again for one more try.Leaves scatter as the wind hunts them silently and down the street an empty bus coughs black exhaust fumes, its fluorescent lights flashing on.Dusk approaches, and smiling alone, complacent in its slow movements, a chair rocks quietly towards winter.
Green Enhancement Cavity for Frequency Comb Generation in the Extreme Ultraviolet (2011)

Peak intensities &gt; 2×1013W/cm2 are generated in a green enhancement cavity en route to XUV frequency comb generation with unprecedented conversion efficiencies. Enhancement limitations in the green region are discussed for the first time.
High Integrity Multipath Mitigation Techniques for Ground Reference Stations (1997)

There is an increasing demand for accuracy, integrity,
continuity and availability in the ongoing develop-ment
of differential GPS (DGPS) techniques. DGPS
performance relies on the elimination of errors that
are common to both users and ground reference sta-tions.
A multitude of error sources affect DGPS mea-surements.
Most of them can be effectively eliminated
with dlfferencing techniques. Unfortunately, multi-path
and receiver thermal noise cannot be canceled
in this manner. Code phase noise is reduced very ef-fectively
by carrier smoothing, however, this method
is less effective against multipath. The bias-like mul-tipath
remains the dominant error source for differ-ential
GPS.
This paper presents a spectral decomposition-based
multipath mitigation technique, which combines car-rier
smoothing, carrier Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
and repeatability. Multipath stochastic modeling,
SNR and repeatability aiding schemes are investi-gated
in detail from an integrity viewpoint. Applica-tions
in WAAS and LAAS reference station receivers
are demonstrated through analysis and data from Na-tional
Satellite Test Bed (NSTB) reference stations.
Exact capacity analysis of multiuser diversity combined with transmit diversity (2004)

Expressions for the average channel capacity of a multiuser diversity system combined with transmit diversity at each link are presented under the assumption of independent Rayleigh fading. The analysis results exactly agree with the simulation results and definitely show the impact of transmit diversity on multiuser diversity.
End-to-end cyclization of a pyrene end-capped poly(bisphenol A-diethylene glycol carbonate) (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnd-to-end cyclization of a pyrene end-capped poly(bisphenol A-diethylene glycol carbonate)Sylvie Boileau, Francoise Mechin, Jose M. G. Martinho, and Mitchell A. WinnikCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 1, 215–220Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00191a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00191a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pyrimidine-Rich Oligonucleotides from Rat-Liver Ribosome Surface (1975)

The distribution of oligonucleotides which are released from rat liver ribosomes by treatment with pancreatic ribonuclease has been studied. Rat liver monoribosomes lost from 15 to 17% of their nucleotides by treatment with pancreatic ribonuclease. This quantity was highly reproducible and did not depend significantly on the temperature (0-20 degrees C) and time (10-120 min) of incubation or on the concentration of enzyme (1:5000-1:50). Whereas the amounts of oligonucleotides liberated was 16%, it was shown by column chromatography that they consisted of 71% mononucleotides, 16% dinucleotides, 6% trinucleotides, 4% tetranucleotides and 2% pentanucleotides and that these oligonucleotides were enriched in uridine, containing approximately half of the uridine residues present in the high-molecular-weitht ribosomal RNA. The high molecular weight of the RNA from ribonuclease-treated ribosomes was preserved until it was heated; after heating, RNA fragments having sedimentation coefficients of 5 S and less were present. It is inferred that the olignucleotides are derived from pyrimidine-rich clusters located in single-stranded "hairpin" loops on the outside surface of the ribosome.
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Chemically Grafted Polyetherimides (2005)

Covalent attachment of a non-fluorinated polyetherimide onto the surface of carboxylic acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) has been achieved via grafting reactions. This confirms for the first time that the grafting reaction occurs at the nanotube surface when the carboxylic acid-functionalized MWNTs react with the polyetherimide with amine-terminated groups, through both amide and imide linkages formed at the interface between the carbon nanotubes and the polyetherimide. Additionally, an increase in the average molecular weight is detected in gel permeation chromatography when the polyetherimide is chemically attached onto the nanotubes. More interestingly, the chemical bonding at the interface provides much better interfacial adhesion and mechanical stress transfer, evidenced by a significant improvement in mechanical properties. As a result of the chemical attachment, the carbon nanotube-reinforced polyetherimide composite films have enhanced electrical conductivity, thermal deformation temperatures, and mechanical properties.