gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(lactides) with controlled molecular architecture initiated from hydroxyl functional dendrimers and the effect on the hydrodynamic volume (1999)

Star poly(lactides) with well defined molecular architectures have been synthesized from multifunctional dendritic initiators derived from 2,2′-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis-MPA) derivatives. The bis-MPA derivatives, in the presence of stannous 2-ethylhexanoate, generated new polymeric structures with accurate control of molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distributions (< 1.1). The combination of 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) showed that all polymers have the requisite structure and the correct number of arms. This allowed characterization of the hydrodynamic volume as a function of molecular weight and number of arms. The results showed a linear relationship of the hydrodynamic volume as a function of the molecular weight for the polymers having two, four and six arms. However, the star polymers with twelve arms showed a relatively much smaller hydrodynamic volume, suggesting that these macromolecules are more globular in their shape. The same effect was found for star poly(ε-caprolactone)s.
Antigen presenting cells - diversity, differentiation, and regulation (1988)

This book contains 35 papers. Some of the titles are: DNA-mediated gene transfer as a tool for analyzing Ia structure-function relationships and antigen presentation; Regulation of immune-associated genes during macrophage differentiation; Presentation of arsonate-tyrosine to cloned T-cells by L-Cells transfected with class II genes; and The duration of class II MHC glycoprotein expression by mononuclear phagocytes is regulated by the Bcg gene.
Superexchange Interaction in Orbitally FluctuatingRVO3 (2007)

Changes in pressure and magnetic field in the orbital and magnetic ordering temperatures of RVO3 perovskites are reported; they reveal a competition between two magnetic orbitally ordered phases that have opposite preferences for the e-orbital component in the localized {3}T{1g} ground state of the V(3+) ion. This competition is shown to be biased by the VO{6/2} site distortion intrinsic to the orthorhombic structure. A remarkable enhancement of T{N} with pressure is found where the competition leads to enhanced orbital critical fluctuations.
Principles Governing The Transfer Of Signal Modulation And Photon Noise By Amplifying And Scattering Mechanisms (1985)

A general analysis is made of the influence of stochastic amplifying and scattering mechanisms on the transfer of signal modulation and photon noise in imaging processes. In this way we quantify the spatial-frequency dependence of signal and noise as they propagate through a multistage imaging system. Whereas by definition the signal structure (or modulation) is transferred via the MTF, the input photon noise is effectively unmodulated signal and as such bypasses the MTF. However, stochastic amplification of photon noise by one stage of an imaging process may produce noise structure that constitutes an effective signal spectrum to the next. Thus, in general, it is necessary to cascade these two components of the noise spectrum separately at each stage.
A Simplified Model for Heterotopic Heart Valve Transplantation in Rodents (2021)

There is an urgent clinical need for heart valve replacements that can grow in children. Heart valve transplantation is proposed as a new type of transplant with the potential to deliver durable heart valves capable of somatic growth with no requirement for anticoagulation. However, the immunobiology of heart valve transplants remains unexplored, highlighting the need for animal models to study this new type of transplant. Previous rat models for heterotopic aortic valve transplantation into the abdominal aorta have been described, though they are technically challenging and costly. For addressing this challenge, a renal subcapsular transplant model was developed in rodents as a practical and more straightforward method for studying heart valve transplant immunobiology. In this model, a single aortic valve leaflet is harvested and inserted into the renal subcapsular space. The kidney is easily accessible, and the transplanted tissue is securely contained in a subcapsular space that is well vascularized and can accommodate a variety of tissue sizes. Furthermore, because a single rat can provide three donor aortic leaflets and a single kidney can provide multiple sites for transplanted tissue, fewer rats are required for a given study. Here, the transplantation technique is described, providing a significant step forward in studying the transplant immunology of heart valve transplantation.
Nouvelle nitrone phosphorylée comme piège a radicaux libres: le (N-oxyde-D1-pyrrolin-5-ylidène) bisphosphonate diéthylique (1996)

Présentation des résultats avec la Nouvelle Nitrone Phosphorylée comme Piège à Radicaux Libres : Le (N-Oxyde-D1-Pyrrolin-5-Ylidène) Bisphosphonate Diéthylique
Adalimumab maintains remission of Crohn's disease after up to 4 years of treatment: data from CHARM and ADHERE (2013)

Prolonged adalimumab therapy maintained clinical remission and response in patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease for up to 4 years. No increased risk of adverse events or new safety signals were identified with long-term maintenance therapy. (clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT00077779).
PNPLA3 downregulation exacerbates the fibrotic response in human hepatic stellate cells (2021)

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) results, in part, from the interaction of metabolic derangements with predisposing genetic variants, leading to liver-related complications and mortality. The strongest genetic determinant is a highly prevalent missense variant in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3 p.I148M). In human liver hepatocytes PNPLA3 localizes to the surface of lipid droplets where the mutant form is believed to enhance lipid accumulation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Less is known about the role of PNPLA3 in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Here we characterized HSC obtained from patients carrying the wild type (n = 8 C/C) and the heterozygous (n = 6, C/G) or homozygous (n = 6, G/G) PNPLA3 I148M and investigated the effect of genotype and PNPLA3 downregulation on baseline and TGF-β-stimulated fibrotic gene expression. HSCs from all genotypes showed comparable baseline levels of PNPLA3 and expression of the fibrotic genes α-SMA, COL1A1, TIMP1 and SMAD7. Treatment with TGF-β increased PNPLA3 expression in all 3 genotypes (~2-fold) and resulted in similar stimulation of the expression of several fibrogenic genes. In primary human HSCs carrying wild-type (WT) PNPLA3, siRNA treatment reduced PNPLA3 mRNA by 79% resulting in increased expression of α-SMA, Col1a1, TIMP1, and SMAD7 in cells stimulated with TGF-β. Similarly, knock-down of PNPLA3 in HSCs carrying either C/G or G/G genotypes resulted in potentiation of TGF-β induced expression of fibrotic genes. Knockdown of PNPLA3 did not impact fibrotic gene expression in the absence of TGF-β treatment. Together, these data indicate that the presence of the I148M PNPLA3 mutation in HSC has no effect on baseline activation and that downregulation of PNPLA3 exacerbates the fibrotic response irrespective of the genotype.
Aberrant activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway promotes resistance to sorafenib in AML (2016)

Therapy directed against oncogenic FLT3 has been shown to induce response in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but these responses are almost always transient. To address the mechanism of FLT3 inhibitor resistance, we generated two resistant AML cell lines by sustained treatment with the FLT3 inhibitor sorafenib. Parental cell lines carry the FLT3-ITD (tandem duplication) mutation and are highly responsive to FLT3 inhibitors, whereas resistant cell lines display resistance to multiple FLT3 inhibitors. Sanger sequencing and protein mass-spectrometry did not identify any acquired mutations in FLT3 in the resistant cells. Moreover, sorafenib treatment effectively blocked FLT3 activation in resistant cells, whereas it was unable to block colony formation or cell survival, suggesting that the resistant cells are no longer FLT3 dependent. Gene expression analysis of sensitive and resistant cell lines, as well as of blasts from patients with sorafenib-resistant AML, suggested an enrichment of the PI3K/mTOR pathway in the resistant phenotype, which was further supported by next-generation sequencing and phospho-specific-antibody array analysis. Furthermore, a selective PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, gedatolisib, efficiently blocked proliferation, colony and tumor formation, and induced apoptosis in resistant cell lines. Gedatolisib significantly extended survival of mice in a sorafenib-resistant AML patient-derived xenograft model. Taken together, our data suggest that aberrant activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway in FLT3-ITD-dependent AML results in resistance to drugs targeting FLT3.
Synthesis of Peptides Containing (S)‐α‐Methylserine (1988)

A side-chain protecting group was not necessary in carrying out the synthesis of a number of dipeptides containing as C-terminal amino acid the helix-inducing (S)-α-methylserine. Furthermore, (S)-α-methylserine can be converted into the derivative 1, bearing a side-chain protecting group.
Maloney and Smith Method for Modeling Debye-Media Thin Sheets in the FDTD Grid (2020)

The Maloney and Smith method used to account for sheets thinner than the cell size of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is extended to the case where both the sheet and the surrounding media are such dispersive Debye media as the Human Body tissues. The new method is then compared to the simpler Luebbers and Kuntz method that was previously extended to Debye media. The comparison relies on the reflection and transmission of plane waves and on 3-D experiments. It is concluded that the Maloney and Smith method permits a better accuracy to be achieved. It provides accurate reflection and transmission whatever may be the incidence angle of the wave that strikes the sheet.
An Islanding Detection Method for Multi-DG Systems Based on High-Frequency Impedance Estimation (2016)

Active islanding detection methods are generally employed for grid-connected inverter-based distributed generation (DG). However, there might be mutual influences and power quality issues caused by the disturbance signal when multiple inverters are involved. To address those problems, this paper analyzes the potential failure mechanism of the f-Q (frequency-reactive power) drifting active method in multiple-DG situations. Then, a novel high-frequency transient injection-based islanding detection method that is suitable for both single and multiple DGs is proposed. Compared with the conventional injection methods, a high-frequency impedance model for DG is provided for better theoretical analysis. By means of the intermittent time-domain low-voltage condition injection control, this method can achieve good accuracy and reduce disturbances to power system.
Polymers from biomass: one pot two-step synthesis of furilydenepropanenitrile derivatives with MIL-100(Fe) catalyst (2017)

Monomers from biomass have been prepared from HMF and methylene active compounds through a one pot process using MIL-100(Fe)/TEMPO/NaNO<sub>2</sub>as the catalytic system.
Valley polarization and intervalley scattering in monolayer MoS2 (2012)

We probe the degree of circular polarization of the emitted photoluminescence from a single layer of MoS2 as a function of the circularly polarized photo-excitation energy. A Single layer of MoS2 has strong emission at around 1.9 eV associated with a direct transition at the K-point of the Brillouin zone. The circular polarization of the photoluminescence is very high for excitation near the bandgap and has a power-law decrease as the excitation energy increases. We identify phonon-assisted intervalley scattering as the primary spin relaxation mechanism and present a model that explains the wide variation in values for the polarization reported in the literature.
Positioning Using OFDM-based Digital TV: New Algorithms and Tests with Real Signals (2011)

Indoor and urban positioning is an important market which is foreseen to grow significantly in the future years. Unfortunately, in indoor and urban environment the classical mean of positioning based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), has a limited availability and accuracy due difficult multipath conditions and signal blockage by buildings. One alternative that has been explored in the recent years is the use of Signal-of-Opportunities (SoO), such as Wi-Fi, mobile telephony, radio or television signals. Among all SoO available in the air, those based on the popular Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation has been chosen in this work. To demonstrate the potential of OFDM signal for positioning, the work presented on this paper focuses on, as a study case, the European standard for digital TV DVB-T. This paper presents the developed pseudorange estimation method using DVB-T signal. To assess its performance on real signal, a flexible and low-cost test bench has been designed to record and post-process TV signals. The results of two tests on real signals, in two emitters configurations, are finally proposed, showing very good and promising results and demonstrating the potential of OFDM signal to be used as a SoO.
Physiological activation of human and mouse bitter taste receptors by bile acids (2023)

Beside the oral cavity, bitter taste receptors are expressed in several non-gustatory tissues. Whether extra-oral bitter taste receptors function as sensors for endogenous agonists is unknown. To address this question, we devised functional experiments combined with molecular modeling approaches to investigate human and mouse receptors using a variety of bile acids as candidate agonists. We show that five human and six mouse receptors are responsive to an array of bile acids. Moreover, their activation threshold concentrations match published data of bile acid concentrations in human body fluids, suggesting a putative physiological activation of non-gustatory bitter receptors. We conclude that these receptors could serve as sensors for endogenous bile acid levels. These results also indicate that bitter receptor evolution may not be driven solely by foodstuff or xenobiotic stimuli, but also depend on endogenous ligands. The determined bitter receptor activation profiles of bile acids now enable detailed physiological model studies.
Tunable Cavity-Based Diplexer With Spectrum-Aware Automatic Tuning (2016)

This paper presents, for the first time, an automatically tunable diplexer using evanescent-mode cavity filters, with spectrum-aware and interference mitigation capabilities. The diplexer consists of two second-order bandpass filters and a bandstop filter (BSF) at the receiving path. The BSF is utilized in a spectrum sensing methodology to detect potential jammers. The automatic tuning system monitors each resonator in the diplexer and biases them to accurately reach the targeted frequency accordingly. The presented diplexer presents a measured tuning range 0.75–1 GHz, with an insertion loss (IL) of less than 3.7 dB in the receive path and 2.2 dB in the transmit path and a tuning resolution of ~0.05%. The closed-feedback loop tuning time, which accounts for all mechanical and electrical time constants, is around 250 ms. The spectrum sensing capability has been experimentally demonstrated to detect a jammer. Automatic diplexer tuning results in a total jammer suppression of 30 dB with 33-MHz transmit–receive separation. Further rejection of up to ~50 dB can be achieved for higher separations. The automatic tuning control system is also analyzed for stability.
Hallmarks of the Mott-metal crossover in the hole-doped pseudospin-1/2 Mott insulator Sr2IrO4 (2016)

The physics of doped Mott insulators remains controversial after decades of active research, hindered by the interplay among competing orders and fluctuations. It is thus highly desired to distinguish the intrinsic characters of the Mott-metal crossover from those of other origins. Here we investigate the evolution of electronic structure and dynamics of the hole-doped pseudospin-1/2 Mott insulator Sr2IrO4. The effective hole doping is achieved by replacing Ir with Rh atoms, with the chemical potential immediately jumping to or near the top of the lower Hubbard band. The doped iridates exhibit multiple iconic low-energy features previously observed in doped cuprates-pseudogaps, Fermi arcs and marginal-Fermi-liquid-like electronic scattering rates. We suggest these signatures are most likely an integral part of the material's proximity to the Mott state, rather than from many of the most claimed mechanisms, including preformed electron pairing, quantum criticality or density-wave formation.
Molecular Delivery into a Lipid Bilayer with a Single Shock Waves Using Molecular Dynamic Simulation (2005)

Cell permeabilization by shock waves may have application in gene therapy and anticancer drug delivery. In the present study we performed direct molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of the interaction of a single shock wave with a cell membrane to investigate the mechanism of the cell permeabilization. The shock wave was characterized by an impulse that was expressed with a velocity determined by the change in the momentum. The cell membrane was designed as a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer placed between two layers of water molecules. The MD simulation determined the relationship between water penetration into the bilayer, the order parameter, the fluidity of each lipid molecule, and the intensity of impulse. These structural changes in the bilayer may be an important factor in the use of shock waves to produce transient membrane permeability.
Low-cost flexible packaging for high-power Li-Ion HEV batteries. (2004)

Batteries with various types of chemistries are typically sold in rigid hermetically sealed containers that, at the simplest level, must contain the electrolyte while keeping out the exterior atmosphere. However, such rigid containers can have limitations in packaging situations where the form of the battery is important, such as in hand-held electronics like personal digital assistants (PDAs), laptops, and cell phones. Other limitations exist as well. At least one of the electrode leads must be insulated from the metal can, which necessitates the inclusion of an insulated metal feed-through in the containment hardware. Another limitation may be in hardware and assembly cost, such as exists for the lithium-ion batteries that are being developed for use in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The large size (typically 10-100 Ah) of these batteries usually results in electric beam or laser welding of the metal cap to the metal can. The non-aqueous electrolyte used in these batteries are usually based on flammable solvents and therefore require the incorporation of a safety rupture vent to relieve pressure in the event of overcharging or overheating. Both of these features add cost to the battery. Flexible packaging provides an alternative to the rigid container. A common example of this is the multi-layered laminates used in the food packaging industry, such as for vacuum-sealed coffee bags. However, flexible packaging for batteries does not come without concerns. One of the main concerns is the slow egress of the electrolyte solvent through the face of the inner laminate layer and at the sealant edge. Also, moisture and air could enter from the outside via the same method. These exchanges may be acceptable for brief periods of time, but for the long lifetimes required for batteries in electric/hybrid electric vehicles, batteries in remote locations, and those in satellites, these exchanges are unacceptable. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), in collaboration with several industrial partners, is working on low-cost flexible packaging as an alternative to the packaging currently being used for lithium-ion batteries [1,2]. This program is funded by the FreedomCAR & Vehicle Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy. (It was originally funded under the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, or PNGV, Program, which had as one of its mandates to develop a power-assist hybrid electric vehicle with triple the fuel economy of a typical sedan.) The goal in this packaging effort is to reduce the cost associated with the packaging of each cell several-fold to less than $1 per cell ({approx} 50 cells are required per battery, 1 battery per vehicle), while maintaining the integrity of the cell contents for a 15-year lifetime. Even though the battery chemistry of main interest is the lithium-ion system, the methodology used to develop the most appropriate laminate structure will be very similar for other battery chemistries.
Addition of α1-Antitrypsin to Surfactant Improves Oxygenation in Surfactant-deficient Rats (1999)

During its life cycle, surfactant converts from highly surface active, large aggregates to less surface active, smaller aggregates. This process is probably regulated by a serine protease. We tested whether adding alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT), an antiprotease, to surfactant improves its in vivo function. alpha1-AT was added to Survanta, to a standard phospholipid (PL) mixture, and to a synthetic surfactant (BC mixture = PL mixture + synthetic surfactant proteins B and C) at a dose of 100 mg alpha1-AT per 75 mg PL. Adding alpha1-AT did not affect in vitro surface activity, except for that of the PL mixture. Adult rats were ventilated with 100% O2, at a tidal volume of 7.5 ml/kg and a ventilatory rate of 60 breaths/ min. The rats' lungs were lavaged with saline until the PaO2 dropped below 100 mm Hg, at which time 100 mg/kg of surfactant with or without alpha1-AT or alpha1-AT alone was instilled. After 1 h of ventilation the rats were killed, pressure-volume curves were generated, and the rats' lungs were relavaged. Surfactant treatment improved oxygenation in the order: BC mixture > Survanta > PL mixture. Addition of alpha1-AT equalized oxygenation in all three alpha1-AT groups, but decreased respiratory system compliance in the groups given Survanta and PL mixture. Particle sizing of the final lung lavages showed preservation of large surfactant aggregates after treatment with alpha1-AT. These data suggest that the addition of alpha1-AT to surfactant can exert a positive effect on oxygenation and surfactant metabolism in surfactant-deficient rats.
Learning Typographic Style (2016)

Typography is a ubiquitous art form that affects our understanding, perception, and trust in what we read. Thousands of different font-faces have been created with enormous variations in the characters. In this paper, we learn the style of a font by analyzing a small subset of only four letters. From these four letters, we learn two tasks. The first is a discrimination task: given the four letters and a new candidate letter, does the new letter belong to the same font? Second, given the four basis letters, can we generate all of the other letters with the same characteristics as those in the basis set? We use deep neural networks to address both tasks, quantitatively and qualitatively measure the results in a variety of novel manners, and present a thorough investigation of the weaknesses and strengths of the approach.