gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in response to the consumption of ecstasy in a clubbing population (2006)

Despite the common use of MDMA (ecstasy) in the UK, the mechanism underlying associated potentially fatal cerebral oedema is unclear. We used a new experimental approach working directly with clubbers to perform a study on 30 (17 male) experienced clubbers (mean 6.6 years of clubbing). Pre- and post-clubbing measurements were performed to compare plasma levels of pituitary hormones (vasopressin, oxytocin), plasma and urine osmolality, urinary pH, and plasma sodium and urea. Ecstasy consumption was confirmed by using urinary drug screening pre- and post-clubbing. MDMA was detected in the urine samples of 17 subjects, three of which tested positive during pre-clubbing tests. Mean plasma vasopressin concentration increased in the MDMA group (1.28 +/- 0.29 to 1.43 +/- 0.41 pmol/l), but fell in other participants (1.23 +/- 0.42 to 1.16 +/- 0.0.34 pmol/l). Similarly, mean plasma oxytocin concentrations increased after ingestion of MDMA (2.02 +/- 0.29 to 2.43 +/- 0.24 pmol/l), but fell in the group that did not use MDMA (2.17 +/- 0.36 pmol/l to 1.89 +/- 0.37 pmol/l). There was a significant group by time interaction for plasma osmolality and plasma sodium (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively) and between change in urinary osmolality (p < 0.001) and MDMA use, with the pattern of change being consistent with the induction of inappropriate vasopressin secretion (also known as SIADH) by MDMA. This report demonstrates SIADH in ecstasy-using "clubbers", which has important clinical implications.
A surgical technique using the ovarian vein in non‐human primate models of potential living‐donor surgery of uterus transplantation (2015)

The procedure using the ovarian vein was less invasive than that using the deep uterine vein in mimicking living-donor surgery in a cynomolgus monkey model of uterus transplantation.
SP21 Transcriptional Profiling Including miRNA Expression in Human Keratinocytes Undergoing Differentiation in Organotypic Cultures (2007)

A novel paradigm of gene regulation in which multiple genes are simultaneously regulated by microRNA (miRNA) is beginning to emerge. We have addressed the importance of miRNA in cell differentiation using human keratinocytes as a model in a systems-level investigation. Keratinocytes are highly structured and organized into several strata, including basal, spinous, granular, and cornified layers. The continuous process of self renewal and barrier formation is dependent on a homeostatic balance achieved among keratinocytes, involving proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. To determine the transcriptional profile responsible for initiating and maintaining a cornified epidermis, organotypic cultures comprised entirely of human keratinocytes maintained on a matrix-coated membrane were raised from a submerged state to an air/liquid interface. Both mRNA and miRNA were isolated from the cultures and were subjected to array-based analyses. Compared to the array profile of submerged cultures containing only keratinocytes in a proliferative (relatively undifferentiated) state, the organotypic cultures displayed a remarkably consistent and distinct profile mainly for mRNAs. miRNA expression changed with time, but not to the extent of mRNA. Raising the cells to an air/liquid interface triggered the induction of groups of genes that regulate proliferation, differentiation, and cell death, and several distinct mRNA species. We identified mRNA expression clusters and regulatory pathways, and compared with skin expression data previously published by us. These results demonstrate the importance of mRNA and miRNA during cell differentiation.
Modal volume control of a photonic crystal nanocavity (2013)

We propose a method to control the modal volume of a photonic crystal nanocavity. This method provides a large amount of freedom to control cavity quantum electrodynamics in solid state without energy dissipation.
Formation of Polyelectrolyte Complexes and Their Structures (1994)

Abstract When a polycation and a polyanion are mixed together in an aqueous solution, a polyelectrolyte complex is formed. In general, an equimolar complex is formed by mixing oppositely charged strong polyelectrolytes. However, integral-type polycations provide nonstoichiometric complexes. In the case of the complexation of polycations with weak polyacids, the composition and the structure of the polyelectrolyte complexes obtained depend on the degree of neutralization of the polyacid, polymer structure, hydrophobicity, the concentration of the complex, pH, ionic strength, and so on. Complex formation proceeds cooperatively, and the stability constant increases with the degree of polymerization, i.e., the charge number on one chain. When a polyelectrolyte is added to the polymer complex, a cooperative interpolymer substitution occurs if the adding polymer can interact more strongly with the constituent of the complex. The process of polyelectrolyte complex leading to the supermolecular structure can be divided mainly into three classes: 1) primary complex formation, 2) formation process within intracomplexes, and 3) intercomplex aggregation.
Who solves the variability problem? (2010)

Although innovations in manufacturing technology help in reducing variations, IC design variations are a fact of life. In addition to random variations, systematic stress induced variations are becoming increasingly important. This panel will bring the diverse views from academia, foundries, fabless and IDM communities to address various topics on next generation solutions for variability, with the main emphasis on design and architecture solutions. Specifically, this panel will discuss:• Would new architectures mitigate variability in 22nm and beyond?• Could design regularity effectively mitigate variability?• What design techniques can be used to minimize variability 'on-the-fly'?• What new techniques can be used for memories, register arrays and flip-flops?
Perception of microphone noise in hearing instruments (1998)

In a well-designed instrument the noise level is reduced until it is dominated by the front end noise. In a hearing instrument this is the microphone noise. This paper examines the perception of noise in a hearing instrument by both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. The noise levels are specified as input-referred values in one-third octave bands. Two sets of measurements, the just-objectionable level (JOL) and the just-audible level (JAL), were assessed in third octave bands from 250 to 5000 Hz. The data indicated that the use of a subjectively described acceptability of noise, JOL, is an unreliable measure due to a very large variability across listeners. It is recommended that mean values for the noise threshold level, the JAL, be used as a guide in the optimization of microphone noise design.
Supplementary Table 1 from Combination Epigenetic Therapy in Advanced Breast Cancer with 5-Azacitidine and Entinostat: A Phase II National Cancer Institute/Stand Up to Cancer Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Patient characteristics (optional continuation phase)&lt;/p&gt;
Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Prediction Calibration (2012)

Estimators of the conditional expectation, i.e., prediction, function involve a global bias-variance trade off. In some cases, an estimator that yields unbiased estimates of the conditional expectation for a particular partitioning of the data may be desirable. Such estimators are calibrated with respect to the partitioning. We identify the conditional expectation given a particular partitioning as a smooth parameter of the distribution of the data, where the partitioning may be defined on the covariate space or on the prediction space of the estimator. We propose a targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) procedure that updates an initial prediction estimator such that the updated estimator yields an unbiased and efficient estimator of this smooth parameter in the nonparametric statistical model. When the partitioning is defined on the prediction space of the estimator, our TMLE involves enforcing an implicit constraint on the estimator itself. We show that our resulting estimator of the smooth parameter is equal to the empirical estimator, which is also known to be unbiased and efficient in the nonparametric statistical model. We derive the TMLE for single time-point prediction and also time-dependent prediction in a counting process framework.
Enhancement of Reverse Intersystem Crossing in Charge‐Transfer Molecule through Internal Heavy Atom Effect (2021)

Abstract Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is beneficial for improving the efficiency of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) by providing pathways to convert non‐emissive triplet excitons into singlet excitons. To ensure TADF is efficient, it is critical to enhance the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate. To this end, most approaches propose thus far have focused on reducing the energy difference between S 1 and T 1 states. The present study explores how incorporating the internal heavy atom (IHA) effect can impact the RISC and device performance. By introducing a series of halogen atoms to charge‐transfer molecules, TADF molecules exhibiting RISC over 7 × 10 7 s −1 are realized. These molecules are then applied to OLEDs, and the effect of incorporating these moieties is investigated. The results show that efficiency roll‐off is still significant even with RISC‐enhanced TADF emitters. Spectroscopic and theoretical results indicate that a fast RISC may not be the sole factor important for reducing efficiency roll‐off and that the spin‐flip cycles considering both T 1 →S 1 and S 1 →T 1 should be carefully taken into account to derive a complete picture of the IHA effect on efficiency roll‐off behavior.
Anti-inflammatory IgG Production Requires Functional P1 Promoter in β-Galactoside α2,6-Sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal-1) Gene (2012)

The anti-inflammatory properties associated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy require the sialic acid modification of the N-glycan of the Fc domain of IgG. Sialylation of the Fc fragment is mediated by β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal-1), acting on the Gal(β4)GlcNAc terminal structure of the biantennary N-glycans on the Fc domain. However, little is known regarding the in vivo regulation of Fc sialylation and its role in the progression of inflammatory processes. Here, we report that decreased Fc sialylation of circulatory IgG accompanies the acute phase response elicited by turpentine exposure or upon acute exposure to either nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae or ovalbumin. However, Fc sialylation was increased 3-fold from the base line upon transition to chronic inflammation by repeated exposure to challenge. The P1 promoter of the ST6Gal-1 gene is critical for Fc sialylation, but P1 does not drive ST6Gal-1 expression in B cells. The Siat1ΔP1 mouse, with a dysfunctional P1 promoter, was unable to produce sialylated Fc in the systemic circulation, despite the presence of Gal(β4)GlcNAc termini on the Fc glycans. The major contribution of P1 action is to synthesize ST6Gal-1 enzymes that are deposited into the systemic circulation. The data strongly indicate that this pool of extracellular ST6Gal-1 in the blood impacts the sialylation of IgG Fc and that defective Fc sialylation is likely a major contributing mechanism for the proinflammatory tendencies previously noted in Siat1ΔP1 animals.
AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR QUANTIFYING THE LEVEL OF PREPARATION IN COLONOSCOPY (2012)

Colonoscopy is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). It detects the first clinical manifestation of CRC, known as polyps. One night prior to a colonoscopy procedure, patients are instructed to take laxative agents in order to completely cleanse the colon. This process is called bowel preparation. Contemporary sensitivity of colonoscopy for detecting polyps of a size larger than 10 mm is 98% with the limitation in detection mainly due to poor visualization related to inadequate bowel preparation. Unfortunately, there is not yet a metric (formally recommended by means of guidelines) for the quantification of bowel preparation. Scales used nowadays are not objective, because generally colonoscopists estimate the level of cleanliness after the conclusion of the colonoscopic test. This limitation leads to the formalization of the present study, which focuses on the development of a novel cleansing evaluation system for bowel preparation and the assessment of its clinical efficacy. The proposed system consists of a computer-based tool that can automatically measure the quantity of stool and waste matter existing within the patient during a colonoscopy procedure. As these metrics can be obtained automatically, the proposed method can lead to future quality control in daily medical practice. Furthermore, it can be used to create best practice standards for colonoscopy training or as part of medical skill evaluation.
Effect of the tie‐layer thickness on the delamination and tensile properties of polypropylene/tie‐layer/nylon 6 multilayers (2011)

Abstract This study examined the effect of the tie‐layer thickness on the delamination behavior of polypropylene/tie‐layer/nylon 6 multilayers. Various maleated polypropylene resins were compared for their effectiveness as tie‐layers. Delamination failure occurred cohesively in all the multilayer systems. Two adhesion regimes were defined according to the change in the slope of the linear relationship between the delamination toughness and the tie‐layer thickness. The measured delamination toughness of the various tie‐layers was quantitatively correlated to the length of the damage zone that formed at the crack tip. In addition, the effect of the tie‐layer thickness on the multilayer tensile properties was correlated with the delamination behavior. The fracture strain of the multilayers decreased with decreasing tie‐layer thickness. An examination of the prefracture damage mechanism of the stretched multilayers revealed a good correlation with the delamination toughness of the tie‐layers. In thick tie‐layers (&gt;2 μm), the delamination toughness was great enough to prevent the delamination of the multilayers when they were stretched. In thin tie‐layers (&lt;2 μm), the delamination toughness of all the tie‐layers was low; consequently, delamination led to premature fracture in the stretched multilayers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Protein denaturation caused by heat inactivation detrimentally affects biomolecular corona formation and cellular uptake (2018)

Adsorption of blood proteins to the surface of nanocarriers is known to be the critical factor influencing cellular interactions and eventually determining the successful application of nanocarriers as drug carriers in vivo. There is an increasing number of reports summarizing large data sets of all identified corona proteins. However, to date our knowledge about the multiple mechanisms mediating interactions between proteins and nanocarriers is still limited. In this study, we investigate the influence of protein structure on the adsorption process and focus on the effect of heat inactivation of serum and plasma, which is a common cell culture procedure used to inactivate the complement system. As in general routine lab procedure, heat inactivation was performed at 56 °C for 30 min in order to denature heat labile proteins. When nanocarriers were exposed to native versus heat inactivated serum, we saw that the cellular uptake by macrophages was significantly affected. These results were then correlated with an altered corona composition that depended on the treatment of the protein source. In summary, we were able to prove that the protein structure is one of the key parameters determining protein corona formation.
Review of Landslide Monitoring Techniques With IoT Integration Opportunities (2022)

With the advancements of technology in the era of big data and artificial intelligence, IoT (Internet of Things) has a major role for the purpose of monitoring natural disasters like landslides. Landslides are a catastrophic disaster worldwide that alter from terrain to terrain. In the pursuit of saving communities that are endangered by landslides, many monitoring techniques are practiced. This paper is a survey of the major landslide monitoring techniques adapted in different parts of the world to monitor unstable slopes. It provides a glance into the challenges and opportunities of integrating IoT into the major landslide monitoring techniques, which are explained briefly with emphasis on real-world case studies. Each technique is presented regarding the kind of monitoring parameters, the type of landslides that it can monitor, landslide investigating phases, advantages, disadvantages, and the possibility of IoT to integrate with each techniques. This paper also aims to provide an overview of landslide monitoring in general to non-specialist in the field. The major monitoring techniques are classified based on the type (fall, topple, slide, spread, flow, slope deformation), velocity (slow, moderate, rapid), monitoring parameters (meteorological, geological, hydro-geological, physical, geophysical), monitoring phases (spatial, temporal) and early-warning systems (spatial, temporal) of landslides. This classification will serve as a guideline (but not a replacement for expert advice) for selecting appropriate landslide monitoring technique and the classifications are expressed through visual representations.
Using the Pearson correlation coefficient to develop an optimally weighted cross relation based blind SIMO identification algorithm (2009)

Blind SIMO identification is challenging when additive noise is strong and for ill-conditioned/acoustic SIMO systems. A weighted cross relation (CR) algorithm presumably can be robust to noise but there lacks a practical way to define the weights. In this paper, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) is used to develop an optimally weighted CR algorithm, which is validated by simulations.
Correction: Systems Analysis of MVA-C Induced Immune Response Reveals Its Significance as a Vaccine Candidate against HIV/AIDS of Clade C (2012)

Based on the partial efficacy of the HIV/AIDS Thai trial (RV144) with a canarypox vector prime and protein boost, attenuated poxvirus recombinants expressing HIV-1 antigens are increasingly sought as vaccine candidates against HIV/AIDS.Here we describe using systems analysis the biological and immunological characteristics of the attenuated vaccinia virus Ankara strain expressing the HIV-1 antigens Env/Gag-Pol-Nef of HIV-1 of clade C (referred as MVA-C).MVA-C infection of human monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) induced the expression of HIV-1 antigens at high levels from 2 to 8 hpi and triggered moDCs maturation as revealed by enhanced expression of HLA-DR, CD86, CD40, HLA-A2, and CD80 molecules.Infection ex vivo of purified mDC and pDC with MVA-C induced the expression of immunoregulatory pathways associated with antiviral responses, antigen presentation, T cell and B cell responses.Similarly, human whole blood or primary macrophages infected with MVA-C express high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines involved with T cell activation.The vector MVA-C has the ability to cross-present antigens to HIV-specific CD8 T cells in vitro and to increase CD8 T cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.The immunogenic profiling in mice after DNA-C prime/MVA-C boost combination revealed activation of HIV-1-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell memory responses that are polyfunctional and with effector memory phenotype.Env-specific IgG binding antibodies were also produced in animals receiving DNA-C prime/ MVA-C boost.Our systems analysis of profiling immune response to MVA-C infection highlights the potential benefit of MVA-C as vaccine candidate against HIV/AIDS for clade C, the prevalent subtype virus in the most affected areas of the world.
HLA antigens expressed on murine cells are preferentially recognized by murine cytotoxic T cells in the context of the H-2 major histocompatibility complex. (1986)

The frequency of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) capable of responding to HLA antigens expressed on human or murine cells was determined by limiting dilution analysis. HLA antigens expressed on human cells stimulated CTL with a precursor frequency of about 1 in 2 X 10(5) spleen cells in primed mice, over two orders of magnitude weaker than a primary allogeneic response. There was a 10-fold increase in the frequency of precursors responding to HLA antigens when they were expressed on murine cells. It was determined that the increased frequency of responders was due to CTL that could only recognize HLA antigens on the syngeneic murine line to which they had been stimulated and that these CTL could not lyse any other HLA expressing murine cells of different H-2 haplotypes. The lytic activity of these CTL was inhibited by H-2b-specific antibodies. These results indicate that such CTL recognize HLA antigens in the context of the H-2 major histocompatibility complex. The magnitude and specificity of CTL responses to xenoantigens are discussed in the context of a model for T-cell interactions with major histocompatibility antigens.
Assessing Surface Area Evolution during Biomimetic Growth of Hydroxyapatite Coatings (2008)

The surface area of biomimetically deposited hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on metallic implants is important for the biological performance of the implant. Thus, a nondestructive method of assessing this quantity directly on the solid substrate would be highly valuable. The objective of this study was to develop such a method and for the first time assess the evolution of surface area of HA during biomimetic growth. The surface area of a TiO2-covered titanium substrate was measured prior to and following the biomimetic coating deposition using Ar gas adsorption at 77 K. The presence of HA on the surface was verified with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The specific surface area of the coating was found to increase linearly during 1 week of deposition at a rate of approximately 100 cm2 day-1 (g substrate)-1. The presented method may be used as a tool for studying the evolution in surface area of coatings on solid substrates during biomimetic deposition or other growth processes.