gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiative Monomolecular Recombination Boosts Amplified Spontaneous Emission in HC(NH2)2SnI3 Perovskite Films (2016)

Hybrid metal-halide perovskites have potential as cost-effective gain media for laser technology because of their superior optoelectronic properties. Although lead-halide perovskites have been most widely studied to date, tin-based perovskites have been proposed as a less toxic alternative. In this Letter, we show that amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in formamidinium tin triiodide (FASnI<sub>3</sub>) thin films is supported by an observed radiative monomolecular charge recombination pathway deriving from its unintentional doping. Such a radiative component will be active even at the lowest charge-carrier densities, opening a pathway for ultralow light-emission thresholds. Using time-resolved THz photoconductivity analysis, we further show that the material has an unprecedentedly high charge-carrier mobility of 22 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> favoring efficient transport. In addition, FASnI<sub>3</sub> exhibits strong radiative bimolecular recombination and Auger rates that are over an order of magnitude lower than for lead-halide perovskites. In combination, these properties reveal that tin-halide perovskites are highly suited to light-emitting devices.
Structure determination of the silver carboxylate dimer [Ag(O 2 C 20 H 39 )] 2 , silver arachidate, using powder X-ray diffraction methods (2012)

High-resolution powder X-ray diffraction and density functional plane wave pseudo-potential techniques have been used to obtain an optimized structural model of silver arachidate, [Ag(O 2 C(CH 2 ) 18 CH 3 ] 2 . The unit cell is triclinic, space group P -1 with cell dimensions of a = 4.1519(10) Å, b = 4.7055(10) Å, c = 53.555(4) Å, α = 89.473(15)°, β = 87.617(5)° and γ = 76.329(5)°. The structure is characterized by an 8-membered ring dimer of Ag atoms and carboxyl groups joined by four-member Ag–O rings with fully extended zigzag side chains, giving rise to one-dimensional chains along the b -axis.
Concentration Gradients in Material Sciences: Methods to Design and Biomedical Applications (2021)

Abstract Concentration gradients are at the basis of many natural phenomena and hold great importance in human and plant biology. This basic phenomenon has inspired many material scientists to confer novel and original properties to materials with numerous biomedical and pharmaceutical applications such as drug discovery, controlled release of drugs, tissue engineering, orthopedic implants and time–temperature indicators, amongst others. While the generation of gradients in solution is well described, their incorporation in solid materials remains challenging. This study reviews concepts and methods reported to generate gradients in respective solutions and (at the surface or in) solid materials like polymer scaffolds and matrices. This article also discusses how innovative materials possessing such gradients may be applied in biomedicine and pharmacy.
ChemInform Abstract: Spirocyclic Peptides at the Anomeric Position of Mannofuranose. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A low‐profile ultra‐wideband circularly polarized antenna array with metasurface (2021)

In this article, a low-profile ultra-wideband (UWB) circularly polarized (CP) antenna array with metasurface is presented. The antenna array consists of a 2 × 2 polarization conversion metasurfaces (PCMs) and a sequential feeding network. The PCM is composed of 4 × 4 polarization conversion unit-cells. The unit-cell is obtained by putting an ellipse patch into a rectangular ring, connecting the ellipse and the ring with two stubs, and then rotating it by 45°. A linear polarization (LP) slot antenna with a PCM can achieve a CP antenna, which has an impedance bandwidth of about 33.8% (5.4-7.6 GHz) of |S11| < −10 dB and a 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of about 24.8% (5.8-7.3 GHz), respectively. The UWB CP characteristics can be achieved when a UWB sequential feeding network is added to the 2 × 2 PCMs. Simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna array has an impedance bandwidth of about 117% (1.75-6.75 GHz) of |S11| < −10 dB and a 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of about 105.7% (2.24-7.35 GHz), respectively. The usable bandwidth can reach 100.3% (2.24-6.75 GHz). Besides, the proposed antenna array achieves a higher gain compared to the traditional slot array and the peak gain of 12.5 dBic at 6 GHz. The overall size of the antenna is 0.6λ × 0.6λ × 0.03λ (λ refers to the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency in free space). The proposed antenna array can be widely applied to various wireless communication systems.
ChemInform Abstract: The Pederin Family of Antitumor Agents: Structures, Synthesis and Biological Activity (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Intramolecular Diels–Alder Approaches to the Decalin Core of Verongidolide: The Origin of the exo-Selectivity, a DFT Analysis (2018)

Verongidolide is a natural macrolactone recently isolated from a New Caledonia sponge, Verongidolae. The structure of this natural product is similar to the structure of superstolides, also isolated from a New Caledonian sponge, Neosiphonia superstes. From a biological point of view, verongidolide and superstolides A and B present potent cytotoxicity against human oral carcinoma KB (0.3 nM). By comparing the <sup>1</sup>H NMR chemical shifts as well as the coupling constants, we conclude that verongidolide possesses a cis-decalin core and we hypothesize that the relative configuration of the cis-decalin core is similar to the one of superstolide A. To verify this hypothesis, intramolecular and transannular Diels-Alder reactions were attempted to construct the decalin core. Unexpectedly, the selectivity of the Diels-Alder reactions was exo and an in-depth DFT calculation of the key reaction mechanism was achieved in order to understand the factors controlling this unexpected selectivity.
Extracorporeal Ultrafiltration for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Heart Failure: Report from the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (2005)

This report from a work group affiliated with the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative is a critical assessment of the use of extracorporeal ultrafiltration (UF) in the management of acutely decompensated heart failure (HF). In addition to assessing UF in this setting, the report also provides background information on HF, including classification, pathophysiology, and the importance of concomitant renal failure. A summary of important results from clinical trials in this area is provided, along with a discussion of technical considerations. Finally, specific recommendations for future clinical evaluations are given.
Preparation and Storage of 72° Brix Orange Juice Concentrate (1987)

ABSTRACT Each year, thousands of tons of citrus concentrate are stored and transported throughout the world at 62° Brix. Increasing this concentration to 72° Brix can result in substantial savings. Fresh orange juice, treated mechanically or with pectic enzymes to reduce its viscosity, was concentrated to 72° Brix in a commercial processing plant, then samples were stored in barrels in a tank farm at −7 or at 4°C. At monthly intervals, samples were blended to make 41.8° Brix Frozen Concentrated Orange Juice. The enzyme‐treated samples had lower viscosity than those mechanically treated. Vitamin C retention levels were &gt; 94% after 6 months storage at 4°C. Taste evaluations rated the product ‘very good’ and furfural levels were well below that which indicates off flavors. Browning tended to increase with storage time and temperature.
Osmotically induced natriuresis and blood pressure response involves angiotensin AT1 receptors in the subfornical organ (1995)

Our results suggest that the centrally induced natriuresis and blood pressure responses to hypertonic saline are mediated by an angiotensinergic mechanism involving the subfornical organ.
Structure of the Bacillus agaradherans Family 5 Endoglucanase at 1.6 Å and Its Cellobiose Complex at 2.0 Å Resolution, (1998)

The enzymatic degradation of cellulose, by cellulases, is not only industrially important in the food, paper, and textile industries but also a potentially useful method for the environmentally friendly recycling of municipal waste. An understanding of the structural and mechanistic requirements for the hydrolysis of the β-1,4 glycosidic bonds of cellulose is an essential prerequisite for beneficial engineering of cellulases for these processes. Cellulases have been classified into 13 of the 62 glycoside hydrolase families [Henrissat, B., and Bairoch, A. (1996) Biochem J. 316, 695−696]. The structure of the catalytic core of the family 5 endoglucanase, Cel5A, from the alkalophilic Bacillus agaradherans has been solved by multiple isomorphous replacement at 1.6 Å resolution. Cel5A has the (α/β)8 barrel structure and signature structural features typical of the grouping of glycoside hydrolase families known as clan GH-A, with the catalytic acid/base Glu 139 and nucleophile Glu 228 on barrel strands β4 and β7 as expected. In addition to the native enzyme, the 2.0 Å resolution structure of the cellobiose-bound form of the enzyme has also been determined. Cellobiose binds preferentially in the −2 and −3 subsites of the enzyme. Kinetic studies on the isolated catalytic core domain of Cel5A, using a series of reduced cellodextrins as substrates, suggest approximately five to six binding sites, consistent with the shape and size of the cleft observed by crystallography.
A robust dielectric feeding concept for harsh environmental TLPR antennas (2014)

In this contribution a novel dielectric waveguide setup is introduced that enables the transition between radar front ends and antennas in harsh environments. Apart from the good propagation behavior it provides a nearly dispersion free transmission over large distances. Furthermore, it can be used as an electrical insulator in places with critical creep distances. Fundamentals concerning the ideal propagation mode and adequate waveguide-fiber transitions are presented. Results of electromagnetic simulations as well as measurements on a manufactured dielectric waveguide are discussed in detail. The presented excellent propagation behavior proves the effectiveness of the proposed setup.
Investigation of a 1.5-µm-wavelength InAs-quantum-dot absorption layer for high-speed photodetector (2014)

We investigated a 1.5-µm-wavelength InAs-based quantum-dot (QD) absorption layer for high-speed and high-sensitivity photodetectors in advanced optical-fiber communications. The photodetector, which contained 20 stacked absorption layers of InAs/InGaAlAs QDs using the strain-compensation technique, exhibited a high absorption coefficient, avalanche multiplication effect, and a low dark current. It could operate at a low bias voltage for a p-type–intrinsic–n-type (PIN) diode structure. We expect that the 3-dB bandwidth at a low bias voltage would be approximately 50 GHz, and that the gain and bandwidth product in the avalanche multiplication region would be 150 GHz at a high bias voltage.
Digital nanoreactors for control over absolute stoichiometry and spatiotemporal behavior of receptors within lipid bilayers (2022)

Interactions between membrane proteins are essential for cell survival and proper function, but the structural and mechanistic details of these interactions are often poorly understood. Even the biologically functional ratio of protein components within a multi-subunit membrane complex—the native stoichiometry—is difficult to establish. We have demonstrated digital nanoreactors that can control interactions between lipid-bound molecular receptors along three key dimensions: stoichiometric, spatial, and temporal. Each nanoreactor is based on a DNA origami ring, which both templates the synthesis of a liposome and provides tethering sites for DNA-based receptors. Receptors are released into the liposomal membrane using strand displacement and a DNA logic gate measures receptor heterodimer formation. High-efficiency tethering of receptors enables the kinetics of receptors in 1:1 and 2:2 absolute stoichiometries to be observed by bulk fluorescence in a plate reader which in principle is generalizable to any ratio. Similar ‘single molecule in bulk’ experiments using DNA-linked membrane proteins could determine native stoichiometry and the kinetics of membrane protein interactions for applications ranging from signalling research to drug discovery.
A Monoclonal Antibody to Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen Defines a Neutralizing Epitope in Domain 1 (2006)

Antibody (Ab) responses to Bacillus anthracis toxins are protective, but relatively few protective monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been reported. Protective antigen (PA) is essential for the action of B. anthracis lethal toxin (LeTx) and edema toxin. In this study, we generated two MAbs to PA, MAbs 7.5G and 10F4. These MAbs did not compete for binding to PA, consistent with specificities for different epitopes. The MAbs were tested for their ability to protect a monolayer of cultured macrophages against toxin-mediated cytotoxicity. MAb 7.5G, the most-neutralizing MAb, bound to domain 1 of PA and reduced LeTx toxicity in BALB/c mice. Remarkably, MAb 7.5G provided protection without blocking the binding of PA or lethal factor or the formation of the PA heptamer complex. However, MAb 7.5G slowed the proteolytic digestion of PA by furin in vitro, suggesting a potential mechanism for Ab-mediated protection. These observations indicate that some Abs to domain 1 can contribute to host protection.
Management and outcome of primary CNS lymphoma in the modern era (2020)

Our study confirms the increasing proportion of elderly within the PCNSL population and shows comparable outcome in this population-based study with those reported by clinical trials, reflecting a notable application of recent PCNSL advances in treatment.
Self‐Controlled Monofunctionalization of Quantum Dots for Multiplexed Protein Tracking in Live Cells (2010)

Functionalization of quantum dots (QDs) was achieved by controlling the surface density of functional groups by electrostatic repulsion. These QDs were conjugated with His-tagged proteins in vitro and in live cells by self-assembly without requiring further fractionation, and dual-color tracking of cell surface receptors was possible. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Optimizing Fixed-Schema XML to SQL Query Translation (2002)

Recently, there has been a lot of work on evaluating XML queries over data stored in rela-tional database systems. The vast majority of this work has focused on the cases where either the relational schema is not fixed (so the problem is to find a good relational schema for a given XML workload) or the XML schema is not fixed (so the problem is to develop generic strategies for exporting XML views of relational data). While these cases are interesting, in practice a third scenario, in which both the source relational and target XML schemas are fixed, seems highly relevant. We show that even in this highly constrained environment, there is a lot of freedom in the SQL that can be generated to evaluate a given XML query. Furthermore, we show through experiments with a commercial RDBMS that by exploiting the underlying relational constraints and the properties of a given XML to relational schema mapping, it is possible to generate SQL queries that perform an order of magnitude better than those generated by more naive translations. Motivated by these performance-enhancing opportunities, we present a constraint-aware XML to SQL query translation algorithm for path expression queries.
Biochemistry and Biology of GDF11 and Myostatin (2016)

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and myostatin (or GDF8) are closely related members of the transforming growth factor β superfamily and are often perceived to serve similar or overlapping roles. Yet, despite commonalities in protein sequence, receptor utilization and signaling, accumulating evidence suggests that these 2 ligands can have distinct functions in many situations. GDF11 is essential for mammalian development and has been suggested to regulate aging of multiple tissues, whereas myostatin is a well-described negative regulator of postnatal skeletal and cardiac muscle mass and modulates metabolic processes. In this review, we discuss the biochemical regulation of GDF11 and myostatin and their functions in the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain. We also highlight recent clinical findings with respect to a potential role for GDF11 and/or myostatin in humans with heart disease. Finally, we address key outstanding questions related to GDF11 and myostatin dynamics and signaling during development, growth, and aging.
A finite-difference injection approach to modeling seismic fluid flow monitoring (1999)

Abstract A highly efficient and accurate tool for predicting the seismic response of reservoir fluid flow has been developed which integrates the finite-difference injection method with a reservoir simulator and a petrophysical model. Finite-difference methods allow for the full response to be synthesized as the wavefield interacts with a seismic model. This includes wave propagation in arbitrary heterogeneous anisotropic and anelastic media, scattering, and mode conversions. The finite-difference injection method, in turn, can be used to efficiently synthesize the seismic response from models after local alterations to the model. Thus, it is ideally suited for time-lapse seismic studies. The modeling methodology is demonstrated on a case study from the Gullfaks field in the North Sea. Six complete marine seismic surveys over the reservoir at different stages during waterflood oil production were synthesized. A total of 180 shot gathers were synthesized with computational savings of a factor of 54 after one single full simulation. The computational savings for the analogous 3-D study are 370 or greater after the initial simulation. The surface seismic response acquired along a towed streamer was processed through to stack and migrated. In a noise-free environment the replacement of oil by water at a constant pressure caused visible changes in the synthetic seismic response that closely correspond to the impedance changes in the reservoir because of fluid flow. Downhole permanent sensor or vertical seismic profiling configurations were also considered; they provided a particularly suitable acquisition geometry for time-lapse seismic monitoring. The recorded wavefields during and before production were greatly different (comparable to the magnitude of the wavefield itself). Moreover, multicomponent measurements may allow for elimination of changes attributable to environmental effects in the overburden and source characteristics. The study also indicates that monitoring the phase change of a reflector below a reservoir may provide a fluid flow indicator. The simulation technique thus provides an important tool for designing downhole surveys and deploying permanent sensors.
Selecting and implementing phase approximations for semi-Markov models (1993)

Markov chains are commonly used for reliability, availability, and performability modeling. A central assumption in Markov reliability analysis is that failure and repair-time distributions are exponential. Unfortunately, in many real-life applications, assuming exponential distributions can be a significant oversimplification. Semi-Markov chains provide a simple mathematical structure for including general distributions in the Markov model framework. Three methods for analyzing semi-Markov chains are numerical solution, discrete-event simulation, and phase approximation. In this paper, we discuss a complete approach to phase approximation, including choice of phase approximation class, numerical fitting of appropriate parameters, and implementation of the approximation approach in a modeling toolkit. We describe a new hybrid approach for parameter fitting that combines moment-matching with least-squares fitting
Gated and STI defined ESD diodes in advanced bulk FinFET technologies (2014)

In CMOS scaling roadmap, bulk FinFET is the mainstream technology for sub-20nm nodes. However, newly introduced process options in advanced bulk FinFET technologies can result in significant impacts on intrinsic ESD performance. In this work, two types of ESD protection diodes are studied and the corresponding TCAD simulations bring an in-depth understanding on the failure mechanism of these ESD diodes.
Dislocation Filtering in GaN Nanostructures (2010)

Dislocation filtering in GaN by selective area growth through a nanoporous template is examined both by transmission electron microscopy and numerical modeling. These nanorods grow epitaxially from the (0001)-oriented GaN underlayer through the approximately 100 nm thick template and naturally terminate with hexagonal pyramid-shaped caps. It is demonstrated that for a certain window of geometric parameters a threading dislocation growing within a GaN nanorod is likely to be excluded by the strong image forces of the nearby free surfaces. Approximately 3000 nanorods were examined in cross-section, including growth through 50 and 80 nm diameter pores. The very few threading dislocations not filtered by the template turn toward a free surface within the nanorod, exiting less than 50 nm past the base of the template. The potential active region for light-emitting diode devices based on these nanorods would have been entirely free of threading dislocations for all samples examined. A greater than 2 orders of magnitude reduction in threading dislocation density can be surmised from a data set of this size. A finite element-based implementation of the eigenstrain model was employed to corroborate the experimentally observed data and examine a larger range of potential nanorod geometries, providing a simple map of the different regimes of dislocation filtering for this class of GaN nanorods. These results indicate that nanostructured semiconductor materials are effective at eliminating deleterious extended defects, as necessary to enhance the optoelectronic performance and device lifetimes compared to conventional planar heterostructures.
PRKCB is associated with calcineurin inhibitor-induced renal dysfunction in heart transplant recipients (2012)

Our results suggest that PRKCB may be a potential predictor of CNI-induced nephrotoxicity in heart transplant recipients, and could therefore be a promising candidate to identify patients who are most susceptible to this adverse drug reaction.