gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstrip base station antennas for cellular communications (2002)

Four base-station antenna products using microstrip technology have been developed for use in cellular communications. The antennas operate in the 800-900-MHz range and are designed to work in a 60 degrees sectored arrangement. The main product is a half-cylinder three-beam radome-enclosed antenna. There are three microstrip planar array panels within the half-cylindrical radome. Each microstrip planar array panel illuminates one 60 degrees sector, and all three panels fit into the half-cylindrical structure to provide RF coverage over 180 degrees . An electromechanical down-tilt actuator has also been designed into the structure to provide individual remote elevation adjustment to each panel. The antenna is in use in the Bell Cellular network. Its aesthetics and performance improvements in operations and maintenance have proven to be a big advantage in densely populated urban and suburban areas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A functional neuroimaging investigation of deep brain stimulation in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (2006)

Acute DBS at the VC/VS target is associated with activation of the circuitry implicated in OCD. Further studies will be necessary to replicate these findings and to determine the neural effects associated with chronic VC/VS DBS. Moreover, additional data are needed to investigate whether pretreatment imaging profiles can be used to predict a patient's subsequent clinical response to chronic DBS.
Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry With Lumped Elements on Asymmetric Transmission Lines (2020)

Spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) has been traditionally used to detect hard faults (open and short circuit faults) in transmission lines. Prior work has focused on loads at the end of the line with little research on impedances from circuit elements located in the middle of the line (i.e., not at the load) or on only one wire of the line. In this work we consider cases of transmission lines with different impedances on each wire. We refer to lines with the same impedance on both wires (positive and negative) as symmetric. Lines with different impedances on each wire are asymmetric. For highly localized impedances (approximately infinitesimal in length, i.e. with a length significantly smaller than the wavelength of the incident signal), the reflections and their effects on the propagating wave become difficult to describe with traditional transmission line theory. We provide analytical expressions for reflection coefficients for symmetric and asymmetric transmission lines and show that these formulae describe experimental measurements of capacitors and resistors to about 99% accuracy for the magnitudes and 75% for the phases.
Coalescence of Nanoclusters and Formation of Submicron Crystallites Assisted byLactobacillusStrains (2002)

Lactobacillus strains, common in buttermilk, assist the growth of gold, silver, and gold−silver alloy crystals of submicron dimensions upon exposure to the precursor ions. Several well-defined crystal morphologies are observed. Crystal growth occurs by the coalescence of clusters, and tens of crystals are found within the bacterial contour. Crystal growth does not affect the viability of the bacteria. Crystals are presumably nucleated through nanoclusters, which are formed within as well as transported into the bacteria. Biomass with the crystals can be harvested completely. Results point to potential applications in analytical chemistry, nanotechnology, medicine, and metal ion recovery. Coalescence appears to be a route by which surface area of the crystal is reduced so that it can be effectively protected to avoid biological damage.
Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity: Consensus on Goals for Operative Correction (2020)

Level V, consensus, expert opinion.
The Irish potato famine pathogen subverts host vesicle trafficking to channel starvation-induced autophagy to the pathogen interface (2020)

Summary Eukaryotic cells deploy autophagy to eliminate invading microbes. In turn, pathogens have evolved effector proteins to counteract antimicrobial autophagy. How and why adapted pathogens co-opt autophagy for their own benefit is poorly understood. The Irish famine pathogen Phythophthora infestans secretes the effector protein PexRD54 that selectively activates an unknown plant autophagy pathway, while antagonizing antimicrobial autophagy. Here we show that PexRD54 induces autophagosome formation by bridging small GTPase Rab8a-decorated vesicles with autophagic compartments labelled by the core autophagy protein ATG8CL. Rab8a is required for pathogen-triggered and starvation-induced but not antimicrobial autophagy, revealing that specific trafficking pathways underpin selective autophagy. We discovered that Rab8a contributes to basal immunity against P. infestans, but PexRD54 diverts a sub-population of Rab8a vesicles to lipid droplets that associate with autophagosomes. These are then diverted towards pathogen feeding structures that are accommodated within the host cells. We propose that PexRD54 mimics starvation-induced autophagy by channeling host endomembrane trafficking towards the pathogen interface possibly to acquire nutrients. This work reveals that effectors can interconnect independent host compartments to stimulate complex cellular processes that benefit the pathogen. Graphical abstract
New user features for digital still cameras using elastic storage (2003)

We present elastic storage, a storage method that offers users of digital still image cameras more flexibility and a more efficient use of storage capacity than currently available. The implementation exploits the flexibility offered by new scalable image compression methods, such as the recently standardized JPEG2000. These make the storage space "elastic", storing a continuously variable number of images in a fixed storage space. Elastic storage, for example, always allows users to take another picture, even when the storage device is completely filled. The quality/resolution of previously stored pictures can also easily be changed (reduced) when desired. In particular, elastic storage allows different images to be stored at a different quality/resolution, according to users' preferences. We provide examples which show how this new flexibility can be incorporated into the user interface.
Spectral compatibility of in-home and access technologies (2011)

While in-home and access technologies are located at different places in the end-to-end communication chain, they have been shown to mutually interfere. In this contribution, we quantify the mutual impact of an in-home network and a Digital Subscriber Line access link. Both regular and vectored VDSL2 links are considered. For newer in-home technologies, which are able to use a large bandwidth, the access network becomes the bottleneck in the end-to-end communication. In this case, we recommend removing the interference from the in-home distribution network to the access network by shaping the transmit spectrum of the in-home distribution network. We show that this does not impact the performance of the end-to-end communication link. For older in-home technologies, which use a lower bandwidth, the attainable data rate of the in-home and access networks should be balanced by adapting the transmit power spectral density on the overlapping frequency band.
Identification by site-directed mutagenesis of amino acid residues contributing to serologic and CTL-defined epitope differences between HLA-A2.1 and HLA-A2.3. (1988)

Site-directed mutagenesis of HLA-A2.1 has been used to identify the amino acid substitutions in HLA-A2.3 that are responsible for the lack of recognition of the latter molecule by the HLA-A2/A28 specific antibody, CR11-351, and by HLA-A2.1 specific CTL. Three genes were constructed that encoded HLA-A2 derivatives containing one of the amino acids known to occur in HLA-A2.3: Thr for Ala149, Glu for Val152, and Trp for Leu156. Three additional genes were constructed that encoded the different possible combinations of two amino acid substitutions at these residues. Finally, a gene encoding all three substitutions and equivalent to HLA-A2.3 was constructed. These genes were transfected into the class I negative, human cell line Hmy2.C1R. Analysis of this panel of cells revealed that recognition by the antibody CR11-351 was completely lost when Thr was substituted for Ala149, whereas substitutions at amino acids 152 and 156, either singly or in combination, had no effect on the binding of this antibody. The epitopes recognized by the allogeneic and xenogeneic HLA-A2.1 specific CTL clones used in this study were all affected by either one or two amino acid substitutions. Of those epitopes sensitive to single amino acid changes, none were affected by the substitution of Thr for Ala149, whereas all of them were affected by at least one of the substitutions of Glu for Val 152 or Trp for Leu156. Overall, amino acid residue 152 exerted a stronger effect on the epitopes recognized by HLA-A2.1 specific CTL than did residue 156. Of those epitopes affected only by multiple amino acid substitutions, double substitutions at residues 149 and 152 or at 152 and 156 resulted in a loss of recognition, whereas a mutant with substitutions at residues 149 and 156 was recognized normally. This reemphasizes the importance of residue 152 and indicates that residue 149 can affect epitope formation in conjunction with another amino acid substitution. These results are discussed in the context of current models for the recognition of alloantigens and in light of the recently published three-dimensional structure of the HLA-A2.1 molecule.
Mutations in the c-fes locus associated with colon cancer inhibit Fes protein-tyrosine kinase activity and suggest a novel role as a tumor suppressor (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

3929 

The human c-fes locus encodes a 93 kDa protein-tyrosine kinase implicated in the differentiation of neuronal, endothelial and myeloid hematopoietic cells. Recent global sequence analysis of 133 protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK) and PTK-like genes in colorectal cancers identified Fes as one of only six PTK genes with mutations in more than one tumor (Bardelli et al. Science 300:949, 2003). Although four mutations were observed within the Fes kinase domain (M704V, R706Q, V743M, S759F), the consequences of these mutations on kinase activity have not been explored. To address this issue, Fes mutants with these substitutions were over-expressed in human 293T cells and kinase activity was assessed via immunoblot analysis with a phosphospecific antibody against the activation loop phosphotyrosine (Tyr 713). Surprisingly, M704V, R706Q, and V743M all substantially reduced basal autophosphorylation compared to wild-type Fes, while S759F had no effect on kinase activity. The R706Q and S759F mutants were also combined with an activating mutation (L145P) and expressed in S. cerevisiae. R706Q completely reversed the activating effect of L145P in yeast, indicating that this mutation inhibits Fes activity by affecting kinase structure independent of the mammalian cell context. The S759F mutation was without effect, consistent with the result in mammalian cells. The observations that all four colon cancer-associated mutations failed to activate Fes and in three cases blocked kinase activity suggest a role for Fes as a tumor suppressor rather than a dominant oncogene in colon cancer. To test this hypothesis, wild-type and mutant forms of Fes were stably expressed in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29, and anchorage-independent growth was assessed using a soft agar assay. Expression of wild-type or kinase-defective Fes had little impact on soft-agar colony formation by HT-29 cells, consistent with the lack of kinase activity observed with these proteins on anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblots. However, expression of each of three different kinase-active forms of Fes dramatically reduced HT-29 cell soft-agar colony numbers and size. Moreover, endogenous Fes protein expression was undetectable by immunoblot analysis in parental HT-29 cells, suggesting that loss of Fes expression, like the inactivating mutations described here, may contribute to transformation. Our findings that c-fes mutations associated with colon cancer fail to activate and in most cases inhibit Fes kinase activity, together with direct evidence that kinase-active forms of Fes suppress HT-29 tumor cell growth, strongly implicate Fes as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer.
Vancomycin–Arginine Conjugate Inhibits Growth of Carbapenem-Resistant E. coli and Targets Cell-Wall Synthesis (2019)

The emergence of multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, is a major health problem that necessitates the development of new antibiotics. Vancomycin inhibits cell-wall synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria but is generally ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria and is unable to penetrate the outer membrane barrier. In an effort to determine whether vancomycin and other antibiotics effective against Gram-positive bacteria could, through modification, be rendered effective against Gram-negative bacteria, we discovered that the covalent attachment of a single arginine to vancomycin yielded conjugates with order-of-magnitude improvements in activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including pathogenic <i>E. coli</i>. The vancomycin-arginine conjugate (V-R) exhibited efficacy against actively growing bacteria, induced the loss of rod cellular morphology, and resulted in the intracellular accumulation of peptidoglycan precursors, all consistent with cell-wall synthesis disruption as its mechanism of action. Membrane permeabilization studies demonstrated an enhanced outer membrane permeability of V-R as compared with vancomycin. The conjugate exhibited no mammalian cell toxicity or hemolytic activity in MTT and hemolysis assays. Our study introduces a new vancomycin derivative effective against Gram-negative bacteria and underscores the broader potential of generating new antibiotics through combined mode-of-action and synthesis-informed design studies.
Pattern recognition receptors are differentially regulated by <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Genes involved in pathogen detection were extracted from the RNAseq dataset and analyzed at each time point for significance (A; left–expression, right–significance). Expression of effector PRRs conformed to sustained or late waves whereas regulatory molecules were suppressed (B). Dynamic expression of transcripts observed by RNAseq was validated by quantitative real time RT-PCR (C). Transcriptomic data (A,B) are presented as average log2(ratio) whereas validation gene expression is presented as pg cDNA/500ug RNA. Asterisk indicates &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;-value &lt; 0.05 based on ANOVA.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Opening Reactions of Oxabicyclic Alkene Compounds: Enantioselective Hydride and Ethyl Additions Catalyzed by Group 4 Metals. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
GEOMETRIC ALTERATIONS PRODUCED BY ENCIRCLING SCLERAL BUCKLES (1987)

The geometric alterations induced in the human globe by the application of an encircling scleral buckle using an in vitro model are described. Both a thin, solid silicone band, and a thicker, oval element produces an encircling buckling effect of predictable height and width. With thin elements, height and width are a linear function of horizontal shortening of the band. A scleral buckle produced by horizontal shortening, irrespective of exoplant material, results in axial lengthening. In contrast, the scleral buckling effect produced by mattress suture invagination of oval or round thicker silicone exoplants results in axial shortening, provided there is no concomitant horizontal shortening. The amount of axial shortening can be increased by using two sutures per quadrant. Since axial lengthening is associated with the potential undesirable complication of radial retinal and scleral folds, and axial shortaning is not, buckles created by invagination of broad encircling elements may have certain theoretical advantages.
Inhibition by heparin and derivatized dextrans of Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to fibronectin-coated biomaterials (1993)

Recent data on cardiovascular device-centered infections suggest that some plasma and extracellular matrix proteins contribute to bacterial adhesion and colonization on biomaterials. We previously developed an in vitro assay to study the Staphylococcus aureus adhesion-promoting effect of surface-adsorbed fibronectin on flat PMMA coverslips coated with a monolayer amount of fibronectin. We screened the potential anti-adhesive properties of a group of substituted dextrans, previously shown to exhibit potent anticoagulant and anticomplementary activities. In comparison to unsubstituted dextran which showed no significant (< 20%) adhesion inhibition at 1 mg/ml, dextrans increasingly substituted with carboxylic and benzylamide groups (CMBD) exhibited increasing anti-adhesive activities. Three CMBD derivatives showing an increasing proportion (5-14%) of benzylamide groups showed inhibition of bacterial adhesion increasing from 33 to 51% at 1 mg/ml. Another category of substituted dextrans having a variable proportion (2-26%) of sulfonated benzylamide groups (CMBDS) produced active inhibition of S. aureus adhesion. In comparison to these heparin-like dextran derivatives, native heparin produced inhibition values of S. aureus adhesion which were intermediate between those of CMBD and CMBDS compounds. Furthermore, the anti-adhesive activity was still expressed when substituted dextrans were preincubated with fibronectin-coated PMMA but washed away at the time when radiolabeled bacteria were added to the adhesion assay. This indicates that the anti-adhesive effects of CMBDS could be exerted at the level of the S. aureus binding site of fibronectin. In conclusion, S. aureus adhesion on fibronectin-coated biomaterials can be efficiently blocked in vitro by soluble compounds such as dextran derivatives.
Breath-hold MR cine angiography of coronary arteries in healthy volunteers: value of multiangle oblique imaging planes. (1994)

Double oblique imaging planes were useful in showing long segments of left anterior descending and right coronary arteries on coronary MR angiograms. Further work is necessary to improve detection of the left circumflex artery.
Obsolescence replacement and testing — reducing cost through commonality (2017)

The aviation industry has many aircraft in use after more than twenty years of life with some aircraft achieving the fifty years of life milestone. The avionics aboard the older aircraft are based on circuitry elements with diminishing or no manufacturing sources. Entire families of integrated circuits are no longer available, such as the early Intel processors and peripherals, 54C series CMOS logic and LH0075/LH0076 voltage references. Obsolescence replacement programs must preserve the investment in formal FAA certification for affordability, which makes work-alike solutions technically attractive. The voltage reference replacement is fairly straightforward using a newer series reference. The logic replacement is less straightforward because even though the logic diagram may be a duplicate, modern logic operates at reduced voltage levels. Processors and programmable peripherals present additional challenges, as the code running on the processors represents a large secondary investment multiplying the cost of replacement. The documentation for older systems may be poor quality, including illegible drawings, missing data and incompatible data formats. The high cost of overcoming these obstacles to redesign led to a search for cost reductions in other areas. Re-use of an automated test station (ATS) and development of test program set (TPS) assets proved to be a cost reduction opportunity in the manufacturing, integration, acceptance and maintenance of the replacement avionics. Past practice has been to design a unique separate test solution at each level of test, incurring significant non-recurring cost. Selecting an existing maintenance level ATS for all levels of test avoids the significant non-recurring costs of specialized ATS at each level. Developing electronic box and circuit card TPSs compatible across all test phases reduces cost over the life of the redesigned avionics. The paper is a case study of a recent avionics obsolescence replacement program, which included the test solution used. An existing ATS, single electronic box level TPS and single circuit card TPS per circuit card type were used for all phases of test. Integrating the legacy avionics on the TPSs ensured functional equivalence would be achieved with the new avionic assets. The unique fault universe for each level of test will be covered, like fabrication defects for manufacturing, design defects for integration, fabrication & infant mortality defects for acceptance, and component failures for maintenance.
Instantaneous voltage vector control and d-axis current reference calculation to improve source current waveform for an electrolytic capacitor-less single-phase to three-phase inverter (2016)

In an electrolytic capacitor-less single-phase to three-phase inverter, a control bandwidth limitation adversely affects the source current response. Since the inverter does not energy buffer such as an electrolytic capacitor, the spatial harmonics of motor cause the source current harmonics. Moreover, d-axis current reference of the system is obtained by trial and error in off-line. This paper proposes an instantaneous voltage vector control that focuses the relationship of the voltage vector and the average DC-link current to improve the source current waveform. Moreover, d-axis current reference for the system is calculated on the basis of the analysis of the instantaneous voltage vector control. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation.
A Novel Experimental Heme Oxygenase-1–Targeted Therapy for Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer (2009)

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a member of the heat shock protein family, plays a key role as a sensor and regulator of oxidative stress. Herein, we identify HO-1 as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for advanced prostate cancer (PCA). Immunohistochemical analysis of prostate tissue using a progression tissue microarray from patients with localized PCA and across several stages of disease progression revealed a significant elevation of HO-1 expression in cancer epithelial cells, but not in surrounding stromal cells, from hormone-refractory PCA (HRPCA) compared with hormone-responsive PCA and benign tissue. Silencing the ho-1 gene in HRPCA cells decreased the HO-1 activity, oxidative stress, and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase/p38 kinase. This coincided with reduced cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell invasion in vitro, as well as inhibition of prostate tumor growth and lymph node and lung metastases in vivo. The effect of ho-1 silencing on these oncogenic features was mimicked by exposure of cells to a novel selective small-molecule HO-1 inhibitor referred to as OB-24. OB-24 selectively inhibited HO-1 activity in PCA cells, which correlated with a reduction of protein carbonylation and reactive oxygen species formation. Moreover, OB-24 significantly inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth and lymph node/lung metastases in vivo. A potent synergistic activity was observed when OB-24 was combined with Taxol. Together, these results establish HO-1 as a potential therapeutic target for advanced PCA.