gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Organized Formation ofGaSb/GaAsQuantum Rings (2008)

Ring-shaped GaSb/GaAs quantum dots, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, were studied using cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy. These quantum rings have an outer shape of a truncated pyramid with baselengths around 15 nm and heights of about 2 nm but are characterized by a clear central opening extending over about 40% of the outer baselength. They form spontaneously during the growth and subsequent continuous capping of GaSb/GaAs quantum dots due to the large strain and substantial As-for-Sb exchange reactions leading to strong Sb segregation.
Self-organised fronthauling for 5G and beyond (2017)

The connecting link between the baseband unit (BBU) and the remote radio unit (RRU), in a centralised radio access network (C-RAN), is the fronthaul, which is the topic of this chapter. The fronthaul is presented as a key disruptive technology, vital to the realisation of 5G networks, but one with stringent requirements in terms of capacity, latency, jitter, and synchronisation. This chapter explains the fronthaul paradigm and presents an overview of legacy and new solutions in backhauling/fronthauling with critical analysis of respective advantages and limitations. In view of the debilitating expectations of 5G fronthaul performance, hybrid RAN architectures are also explored and analysed from their respective RAN gain and fronthaul requirements, leading to promising alternative RAN functional splits and innovations in X-hauling. The chapter delves into the (centralised) C-RAN/fronthaul versus (distributed) D-RAN/backhaul dilemma, offering a joint backhaul/RAN perspective and tangible trade-off analysis of the available options. The study advocates the need for a fronthaul architecture that is dynamic, adaptable, flexible, and expandable. To this end, a key catalyst to the realisation of the 5G fronthaul is equipping the network with self-optimisation and organisation (SON) capabilities that would timely adapt the network following the dynamically changing conditions. In this context, SON operation in the fronthaul becomes essential for optimisation objectives such as energy efficiency, latency reduction, or load balancing. Moreover, the SON-enabled joint RAN/fronthaul optimisation has a pivotal role in adjusting the level of centralisation according to the fronthaul capabilities and vice-versa.
Scattering Mechanisms and Modeling for Terahertz Wireless Communications (2019)

This paper provides an analysis of radio wave scattering for frequencies ranging from the microwave to the Terahertz band (e.g., 1 GHz&#x2013;1 THz), by studying the scattering power reradiated from various types of materials with different surface roughnesses. First, fundamentals of scattering and reflection are developed and explained for use in wireless mobile radio, and the effect of scattering on the reflection coefficient for rough surfaces is investigated. Received power is derived using two popular scattering models &#x2014; the directive scattering (DS) model and the radar cross section (RCS) model through simulations over a wide range of frequencies, materials, and orientations for the two models, and measurements confirm the accuracy of the DS model at 140 GHz. This paper shows that scattering can become a prominent propagation mechanism as frequencies extend to millimeter-wave (mmWave) and beyond, but at other times can be treated like simple reflection. Knowledge of scattering effects is critical for appropriate and realistic channel models, which further support the development of massive multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) techniques, localization, ray tracing tool design, and imaging for future 5G and 6G wireless systems.
Moisture Absorption and Absorption Kinetics in Polyelectrolyte Films:  Influence of Film Thickness (2004)

Specular X-ray reflectivity (XR) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements were used to determine the absorption of water into thin poly(4-ammonium styrenesulfonic acid) films from saturated vapor at 25 degrees C. The effect of film thickness on the absorption kinetics and overall absorption was investigated in the range of thickness from (3 to 200) nm. The equilibrium swelling of all the films irrespective of film thickness was (0.57+/-0.03) volume fraction. Although the equilibrium absorption is independent ofthickness, the absorption rate substantially decreases for film thickness < 100 nm. For the thinnest film (3 nm), there is a 5 orders of magnitude decrease in the diffusion coefficient for water.
Characterization of the Nonconserved hpaB-hrpF Region in the hrp Pathogenicity Island from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (2007)

The interaction of the gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria with its host plants pepper and tomato is mediated by a type III secretion (T3S) system that translocates bacterial effector proteins into the plant cell. The T3S system is encoded by the chromosomal hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) gene cluster. Here, we report on the analysis of the hpaB-hrpF region, which encodes the novel virulence factor HpaE, the effector protein XopF1, and two proteins with unknown functions, HpaD and HpaI. Promoter and transcript analyses revealed that the corresponding genes are coexpressed with the hrp genes and that hpaD, hpaI, and xopF1 form a novel operon. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that the efficient T3S and translocation of XopF1 depends on the global T3S chaperone HpaB and the putative lytic transglycosylase HpaH, which specifically contributes to the secretion of a certain set of effectors. Taken together, our data suggest that the efficient secretion of effector proteins in X. campestris pv. vesicatoria requires the contribution of several different Hpa proteins.
EFFECTS OF BENDING IN BRASS ROCKWELL B SCALE TEST BLOCKS (2003)

As part of a project to produce primary hardness reference blocks for the Rockwell B hardness scale at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), studies were conducted to observe the stability of the hardness value of the blocks over a period of time and with use. A study of brass test blocks at the 42 HRBW level revealed some interesting instability results when tested using the NIST standardizing machine with it's large diameter sample support. After a relatively small number of indentations, each block exhibited an abrupt change in the apparent hardness of the test block. Examination of this phenomena revealed that the abrupt change in hardness was the result of a combination of the bending of the block and the use of the NIST machine's large diameter flat anvil. This paper discusses the reasons that block bending affects the hardness measurement.
Feasibility of short imaging protocols for [18F]PI-2620 tau-PET in progressive supranuclear palsy (2021)

Truncated and static imaging windows can be used for [<sup>18</sup>F]PI-2620 PET imaging of PSP. 0-40 min dynamic scanning offers the best balance between accuracy and economic scanning.
Greatly Enhanced Emission from Spin Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Enabled by a Low-Loss Plasmonic Nanocavity (2022)

The negatively charged boron vacancy (V<sub>B</sub><sup>-</sup>) defect in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) with optically addressable spin states has emerged due to its potential use in quantum sensing. Remarkably, V<sub>B</sub><sup>-</sup> preserves its spin coherence when it is implanted at nanometer-scale distances from the hBN surface, potentially enabling ultrathin quantum sensors. However, its low quantum efficiency hinders its practical applications. Studies have reported improving the overall quantum efficiency of V<sub>B</sub><sup>-</sup> defects with plasmonics; however, the overall enhancements of up to 17 times reported to date are relatively modest. Here, we demonstrate much higher emission enhancements of V<sub>B</sub><sup>-</sup> with low-loss nanopatch antennas (NPAs). An overall intensity enhancement of up to 250 times is observed, corresponding to an actual emission enhancement of ∼1685 times by the NPA, along with preserved optically detected magnetic resonance contrast. Our results establish NPA-coupled V<sub>B</sub><sup>-</sup> defects as high-resolution magnetic field sensors and provide a promising approach to obtaining single V<sub>B</sub><sup>-</sup> defects.
Radiosynthesis of 123I‐labelled benzimidazoles as novel single‐photon emission computed tomography tracers for the histamine H3 receptor (2011)

The histamine H3 receptor is implicated in many neurological and psychological disorders and is therefore of interest as a target for pharmacological intervention. The drug development process can be facilitated by using a radiotracer for this receptor in conjunction with single‐photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography imaging studies, such as drug occupancy studies. This study investigates methods for the radiosynthesis of three compounds to be evaluated as novel radiotracers for the histamine H3 receptor. The radiosyntheses of the three target compounds, 123 I‐WYE230949, 123 I‐WYE126734 and 123 I‐WYE127044 were evaluated using electrophilic iododesilylation and iododestannylation of the corresponding trimethylsilyl and tributylstannyl precursors. All three compounds could be produced in high radiochemical yield by electrophilic iododestannylation. By contrast, only two of the three (WYE230949 and WYE126734) could be produced by electrophilic iododesilylation. This is because of the fact that the trimethylsilyl precursors are less reactive than the stannyl precursors. Electrophilic iododestannylation of the tributylstannyl precursors is therefore the method of choice for radiosynthesis of these compounds because all three target compounds could be produced in high radiochemical yield.
On Throughput of Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems with Low Resolution ADCs (2020)

Use of low resolution analog to digital converters (ADCs) is an effective way to reduce the high power consumption of millimeter wave (mmWave) receivers. In this paper, a receiver with low resolution ADCs based on adaptive thresholds is considered in downlink mmWave communications in which the channel state information is not known a-priori and acquired through channel estimation. A performance comparison of low-complexity algorithms for power and ADC allocation among transmit and receive terminals, respectively, is provided. Through simulation of practical mmWave cellular networks, it is shown that the use of low resolution ADCs does not significantly degrade the system throughput (as compared to a conventional fully digital high resolution receiver) when using the adaptive threshold receiver in conjunction with simple power and ADC allocation strategies.
Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 Environmental barrier coatings with reduced bond coat oxidation rates via chemical modifications for long life (2018)

Abstract Spallation of environmental barrier coating ( EBC ) induced by thermally grown oxide ( TGO ) resulting from steam oxidation is a key EBC failure mode. A logical approach to improve EBC life, therefore, is to reduce TGO growth rates. A study was undertaken to investigate whether TGO growth rates can be reduced by adding modifier oxides. It was based on a hypothesis that modifier oxides dissolve in SiO 2 TGO and modify the SiO 2 structure, making the TGO less permeable to oxidants. Using a current state‐of‐the‐art EBC (Si/Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 ) as the baseline, the Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 layer was modified by adding Al 2 O 3 or Al 2 O 3 ‐containing oxide compounds, such as mullite and YAG (Y 3 Al 5 O 12 ), and TiO 2 . EBC s were processed using air plasma spraying. Steam oxidation tests and post‐oxidation test oxidation kinetics, chemistry, microstructure, and phase analysis were used to test the hypothesis. The best modified EBC reduced the TGO thickness by ~87% compared with that of the baseline EBC in 90% H 2 O + 10% O 2 at 1316°C under thermal cycling. Correlations between oxidation kinetics, chemistry, and microstructure of EBC and TGO were used to explain the effect of modifier oxides on reducing TGO growth rates.
Adiabatic frequency shifting in epsilon-near-zero materials: the role of group velocity (2020)

The conversion of a photon’s frequency has long been a key application area of nonlinear optics. It has been discussed how a slow temporal variation of a material’s refractive index can lead to the adiabatic frequency shift (AFS) of a pulse spectrum. Such a rigid spectral change has relevant technological implications, for example, in ultrafast signal processing. Here, we investigate the AFS process in epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials and show that the frequency shift can be achieved in a shorter length if operating in the vicinity of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">R</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . We also predict that, if the refractive index is induced by an intense optical pulse, the frequency shift is more efficient for a pump at the ENZ wavelength. Remarkably, we show that these effects are a consequence of the slow propagation speed of pulses at the ENZ wavelength. Our theoretical predictions are validated by experiments obtained for the AFS of optical pulses incident upon aluminum zinc oxide thin films at ENZ. Our results indicate that transparent metal oxides operating near the ENZ point are good candidates for future frequency conversion schemes.
Classification of SD-OCT volumes with multi pyramids, LBP and HOG descriptors: Application to DME detections (2016)

This paper deals with the automated detection of Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) volumes. Our method considers a generic classification pipeline with preprocessing for noise removal and flattening of each B-Scan. Features such as Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Local Binary Patterns (LBP) are extracted and combined to create a set of different feature vectors which are fed to a linear-Support Vector Machines (SVM) Classifier. Experimental results show a promising sensitivity/specificity of 0.75/0.87 on a challenging dataset.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Lmx1b-controlled isthmic organizer is essential for development of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. (2009)

The LIM homeodomain transcription factor Lmx1b has been suggested to be required for the differentiation of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. However, whether the loss of mDA neurons in Lmx1b(-/-) mice is due to its intrinsic role in the mDA lineage or to a consequence of the malformations caused by the earlier mid/hindbrain patterning defects remains to be clarified. We report here that Lmx1b expression in mDA neurons is dispensable for their differentiation and maintenance, and the loss of mDA neurons in Lmx1b(-/-) mice is due to the disruption of inductive activity of the isthmic organizer (IsO) in the absence of Lmx1b at the mid/hindbrain boundary (MHB). We found that mDA neurons revealed by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), Pitx3, Nurr1, and dopamine transporter were indistinguishable from wild-type controls during embryonic development as well as in adulthood in TH-Cre;Lmx1b(flox/-) and Dat(Cre/+);Lmx1b(flox/-) mice, in which Lmx1b was selectively deleted in differentiating mDA neurons. In addition, mDA neurons were recovered in Lmx1b(-/-) mice, when IsO activity was restored by Wnt1-Lmx1b transgene at MHB. The restored IsO activity was evidenced by apparently normal tectum and cerebellum and recurrence of expression of Fgf8 and Wnt1 at MHB in Wnt1(Lmx1b);Lmx1b(-/-). Furthermore, when Lmx1b was deleted in the whole brain after the formation of IsO by Nestin-Cre, mDA neurons were normal, whereas serotonergic neurons displayed defective development phenocopying what observed in Lmx1b(-/-) mice. Thus, our results indicate that the inductive activity of IsO is essential, but Lmx1b expression in mDA neurons is dispensable for their differentiation and maintenance. PMID: 19109492
Measurements of Electrostatic Potential Across p–n Junctions on Oxidized Si Surfaces by Scanning Multimode Tunneling Spectroscopy (2011)

We investigated the variation in contact potential difference (CPD) voltage across p–n junctions on oxygen-passivated Si(110) surfaces by scanning multimode tunneling spectroscopy, which detects probe–sample interaction force simultaneously with tunneling current. The enhancement of sensitivity to electrostatic force was achieved with a small amplitude of probe vibration (0.3 nm) when the tip–sample gap was adjusted to reduce short-range interactions by maintaining the tunneling current at a specified bias voltage. At the optimal tip–sample gap, the CPD voltage, derived from force gradient spectra, agrees with the expected built-in potential across the p–n junction. The CPD voltage showed a standard deviation of ∼30 mV on atomically flat terraces. Larger fluctuations were ascribed to structural and charge variations on the oxidized surfaces.
Effect of Cross-Linked Hemoglobin on Functionality and Viability of Microencapsulated Pancreatic Islets (2002)

Of many obstacles involved in developing a bioartificial pancreas, which consists of encapsulated and physically immunoprotected islets, for long-term implantation in insulin-dependent diabetic patients, the impaired functionality and decreasing viability of encapsulated islets over time are critical factors in determining the size and longevity of the implant. These factors are closely associated with short oxygen supply to the encaged islets from the implant site. To facilitate oxygen transport to islets in the capsules, we coencapsulated hemoglobin cross-linked with difunctional polyethylene glycol (Hb-conjugate, Hb-C) which is large in size (>100 kDa), thus preventing diffusional loss through the immunoprotecting membrane. The coencapsulation of Hb-C with islets in alginate-poly-L-lysine microcapsules by dissolving Hb-C in an islet-suspended alginate solution at a concentration of 0.25 mM improved the insulin secretion and viability of the islets. At week 0, the islets, coencapsulated with Hb-C, cultured at P(O2) = 40 mmHg (assumed oxygen partial pressure in the most common implant site, the peritoneal cavity), secreted 200% more insulin compared with the control islets without Hb-C at glucose concentrations of both 100 and 300 mg/dL. The Hb-C effect became more significant with time at higher glucose concentrations. After culturing the islets for 8 weeks at 40 mmHg, the insulin secretion was enhanced 200 and 550% at glucose concentrations of 100 and 300 mg/dL as compared with the control, respectively. The results were closely associated with improved viability and suggest that the introduction of Hb-C is an effective approach to maintaining the oxygen supply to encapsulated islets. In addition, Hb-C coencapsulation with pancreatic islets may (1) provide a partial clue to reducing the large size of the biohybrid artificial pancreas, (2) lead to a reduced need for pancreas donation, and (3) prolong the longevity of the biohybrid artificial pancreas in the body.
Erratum: Overexpression of squamous cell carcinoma antigen variants in hepatocellular carcinoma (2004)

Correction to: British Journal of Cancer (2004) 90, 833–837. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601543 Due to an author error, Dr S de Falco was incorrectly included as an author without his agreement. His name should be deleted and the corrected author list is as follows: P Pontisso, F Calabrese, L Benvegnu, C Belluco, MG Ruvoletto, M Marino, M Valente, D Nitti, A Gatta and G Fassina
Electronic structures of metal hexacarbonyls (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic structures of metal hexacarbonylsNancy A. Beach and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 21, 5713–5721Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01023a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01023a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views843Altmetric-Citations236LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interpretable End-to-End Urban Autonomous Driving With Latent Deep Reinforcement Learning (2021)

Unlike popular modularized framework, end-to-end autonomous driving seeks to solve the perception, decision and control problems in an integrated way, which can be more adapting to new scenarios and easier to generalize at scale. However, existing end-to-end approaches are often lack of interpretability, and can only deal with simple driving tasks like lane keeping. In this article, we propose an interpretable deep reinforcement learning method for end-to-end autonomous driving, which is able to handle complex urban scenarios. A sequential latent environment model is introduced and learned jointly with the reinforcement learning process. With this latent model, a semantic birdeye mask can be generated, which is enforced to connect with certain intermediate properties in today’s modularized framework for the purpose of explaining the behaviors of learned policy. The latent space also significantly reduces the sample complexity of reinforcement learning. Comparison tests in a realistic driving simulator show that the performance of our method in urban scenarios with crowded surrounding vehicles dominates many baselines including DQN, DDPG, TD3 and SAC. Moreover, through masked outputs, the learned model is able to provide a better explanation of how the car reasons about the driving environment.
MBE growth of P-doped 1.3 μm InAs quantum dot lasers on silicon (2014)

The authors report on the growth of InAs/GaAs quantum dots lasers on silicon emitting in the 1.3 μm wavelength regime with p-doped active regions. A growth optimization procedure guided by a combination of high and low excitation photoluminescence is presented for the InAs quantum dot growth. Growth conditions derived from this procedure are used to produce high optical quality quantum dots embedded in a GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs graded index separate confinement heterostructure waveguide. Ridge waveguide lasers fabricated from the as-grown material achieve room temperature continuous wave lasing at low thresholds, with high output power and elevated T0.
2,3-C-Dimethyl-3,4-O-isopropylidene-D-allono-1,5-lactone (2007)

The relative configuration of the title compound, C11H18O6, was firmly established by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The absolute configuration was determined by the use of 2-C-methyl-d-ribono-1,4-lactone as the starting material. The structure exists as a hydrogen-bonded network, with each mol­ecule acting as a donor and acceptor for two hydrogen bonds.