gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Event-based Spatio-Temporal Feature Descriptors via Local Synaptic Plasticity: A Biologically-realistic Perspective of Computer Vision. (2021)

We present an optimization-based theory describing spiking cortical ensembles equipped with Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) learning, as empirically observed in the visual cortex. Using our methods, we build a class of fully-connected, convolutional and action-based feature descriptors for event-based camera that we respectively assess on N-MNIST, challenging CIFAR10-DVS and on the IBM DVS128 gesture dataset. We report significant accuracy improvements compared to conventional state-of-the-art event-based feature descriptors (+8% on CIFAR10-DVS). We report large improvements in accuracy compared to state-of-the-art STDP-based systems (+10% on N-MNIST, +7.74% on IBM DVS128 Gesture). In addition to ultra-low-power learning in neuromorphic edge devices, our work helps paving the way towards a biologically-realistic, optimization-based theory of cortical vision.
The effects on the Earth's magnetotail from shocks in the solar wind (1980)

A new, minimally diffusive MHD computer code has been used to simulate the time‐dependent, 2D interaction of the solar wind with the earth’s magnetosphere. The equilibrium with a simulated unmagnetized solar wind shows the basic features of the magnetosphere: bow shock, magnetopause, and long magnetotail. A simulated shock in the solar wind shows the presence of shock focussing in the midplane of the magnetotail. This focussing can be important in the energy budget of the plasma sheet and may have an important role in the initiation of substorms.
A Novel Immunomodulatory Mechanism Dependent on Acetylcholine Secreted by Human Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2019)

Our findings point to a novel immunomodulatory mechanism in which ACh secreted by MSCs under inflammatory conditions might modulate immune cells. This study may provide a novel method for the treatment of autoimmune diseases by means of MSCs.
Diffusion-limited retention of porous particles at density interfaces (2010)

Downward carbon flux in the ocean is largely governed by particle settling. Most marine particles settle at low Reynolds numbers and are highly porous, yet the fluid dynamics of this regime have remained unexplored. We present results of an experimental investigation of porous particles settling through a density interface at Reynolds numbers between 0.1 and 1. We tracked 100 to 500 μm hydrogel spheres with 95.5% porosity and negligible permeability. We found that a small negative initial excess density relative to the lower (denser) fluid layer, a common scenario in the ocean, results in long retention times of particles at the interface. We hypothesized that the retention time was determined by the diffusive exchange of the stratifying agent between interstitial and ambient fluid, which increases excess density of particles that have stalled at the interface, enabling their settling to resume. This hypothesis was confirmed by observations, which revealed a quadratic dependence of retention time on particle size, consistent with diffusive exchange. These results demonstrate that porosity can control retention times and therefore accumulation of particles at density interfaces, a mechanism that could underpin the formation of particle layers frequently observed at pycnoclines in the ocean. We estimate retention times of 3 min to 3.3 d for the characteristic size range of marine particles. This enhancement in retention time can affect carbon transformation through increased microbial colonization and utilization of particles and release of dissolved organics. The observed size dependence of the retention time could further contribute to improve quantifications of vertical carbon flux.
Assignment of disulfide bonds in corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein. (1994)

We have previously isolated, cloned, and characterized a protein that specifically binds and inactivates the peptide corticotropin-releasing factor. The integrity of the disulfide bonds in the binding protein is essential for this activity as reduction abolishes the protein's ability to bind corticotropin-releasing factor. The disulfide arrangement of the 10 cysteines present in the mature protein was established by analysis of proteolytically cleaved protein and sequence analysis of cystine containing fragments. A pattern is observed where each cysteine is connected to the next one in a sequential manner. Inspection of the genomic DNA encoding for this protein reveals that four of the domains defined by disulfide linkage coincide with four different exons.
Utilization and contemporary results of renal mass biopsy. (2016)

623 Background: Renal mass biopsy (RMB) for localized renal masses (RM) is being re-evaluated to improve risk stratification and minimize morbidity from over-treatment. We review our institutional experience with RMB to identify performance characteristics and highlight opportunities to improve management. Methods: Using our prospectively maintained database, we identified patients who underwent core RMB +/- fine needle aspiration (FNA). We describe performance characteristics and assess pathologic concordance. Using the University of Michigan (UM) algorithm, we reviewed the potential that RMB influenced therapeutic decision-making. Results: We noted 374 RMBs performed from 1999-2015 (66% within last 5 years). Core RMB (+/- FNA) was performed in 65.2% (244/374) of cases, of which 41% (99/244) underwent surgical resection. Initial core RMB was non-diagnostic in 9% (9/99) of surgical cases and subsequently diagnosed with RCC. RCC diagnosed on core RMB that underwent surgical resection demonstrated histologic and grade concordance of 94.3% and 62.5%. All discordant grades were upgraded at surgery. 11% of all RMB were benign and no surgical intervention occurred. In our cohort, 19% of all RMB patients treated surgically had tumors classified as favorable or intermediate &lt; 2cm using the UM algorithm and might otherwise have been candidates for AS. Conversely, 42% of all surgically treated patients had UM favorable characteristics but had tumors &gt; 4cm and therefore underwent surgical resection based on size criteria in the context of RMB results. Conclusions: RMB is effective in the evaluation of RM with minimal morbidity. Our histologic/grade concordance is consistent with published data and underscores that RMB harbors clinical uncertainties. Clinical management pathways incorporating RMB may decrease over-treatment but also may risk under-treatment based on poor grade concordance. Using the UM algorithm, 30% of lesions in our cohort were AS candidates after RMB (over-treatment risk). Conversely, 18% of surgically treated lesions were UM AS candidates after RMB and upgraded on final pathology, demonstrating the risk of under treatment. RMB may be considered in patients where results would influence clinical decision-making.
A method for studying the effects of PR and RR intervals on heart sound power spectra (1988)

In the course of exploring the potential of spectral analysis of valve closing sounds for the detection of valvular degeneration, a method was developed for determining, in a dog, the influence of PR interval (PRI) and heart rate (HR) on the spectra of intracardiac and thoracic first and second heart sounds. Preliminary results emphasize the strong dependence of the first heart sound spectra on the PRI and cardiac rhythm. On the contrary, the aortic valve closing sound seems to be relatively independent of these timing parameters. It is believed that the information obtained by applying this method to a larger group of animals will help in defining the relationship between the spectral changes of the valve sound spectra and hemodynamic parameters such as the PRI and HR. >
Synthesis and Characterisation of Nonclassical Ruthenium Hydride Complexes Containing Chelating Bidentate and Tridentate Phosphine Ligands (2006)

The synthesis and characterisation of nonclassical ruthenium hydride complexes containing bidentate PP and tridentate PCP and PNP pincer-type ligands are described. The mononuclear and dinuclear ruthenium complexes presented have been synthesised in moderate to high yields by the direct hydrogenation route (one-pot synthesis) or in a two-step procedure. In both cases [Ru(cod)(metallyl)(2)] served as a readily available precursor. The influences of the coordination geometry and the ligand framework on the structure, binding, and chemical properties of the M--H(2) fragments were studied by X-ray crystal structure analysis, spectroscopic methods, and reactivity towards N(2), D(2), and deuterated solvents.
Correlating the Structural and Photophysical Features of Pincer Luminophores and Monodentate Ancillary Ligands in PtII Phosphors (2015)

Abstract Phosphorescent Pt II complexes featuring pincer luminophores of 2,6‐bis(1,2,4‐triazolyl)pyridine (H 2 L1 ) and 2,6‐bis(pyrazolyl)pyridine (H 2 L3 ) with a bulky adamantyl or tolyl substituent (H 2 L4 ) are systematically compared, and their structural features are correlated with their photophysical properties. The combination with 4‐amylpyridine (Py), triphenylphosphine (P) or benzimidazol‐2‐ylidene (N‐heterocyclic carbene, NHC) donors as monodentate ancillary ligands gave a series of highly luminescent triplet emitters with variable aggregation properties. The molecular structures of four of these complexes, namely, Pt‐ L1 ‐P, Pt‐ L1 ‐NHC, Pt‐ L3 ‐P, and Pt‐ L4 ‐P were garnered from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The coordination complexes displayed green phosphorescence in solution and in the solid state. In doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrices, most of the complexes exhibited high phosphorescence quantum yields, which reached 59 % for Pt‐ L3 ‐P. A comparative analysis between the spectroscopic data and the computed parameters derived from time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations suggests that the emission originates from metal‐perturbed ligand‐centered excited triplet states ( 3 MP‐LC). The radiationless deactivation rate constants of the emissive states can be correlated with the aggregation properties derived from the substitution pattern at the tridentate luminophores and the ancillary ligands, whereas the radiative rate constants are determined by the electronic structures of the complexes. We found that Pt II complexes containing pyrazolate donors showed an enhanced charge‐transfer character in the excited state, whereas bulky adamantyl moieties and triphenylphosphine ancillary ligands suppress bimolecular aggregation and quenching phenomena.
Reactive Postural Control During Sit-to-Stand Motion (2022)

Moving from a seated position to a standing position is essential for performing daily functional tasks. However, a sit-to-stand task may lead to falls in people with neuromotor disorders. Previous studies have shown that perturbation-based training can improve individuals' reactive control and reduce the risk of falls. However, few studies have investigated individuals' reactive control while transitioning from sit-to-stand. The present study aims to understand how ten healthy adults react to physical perturbations when transitioning from sitting to standing. We delivered two types of perturbations to the participants. In one condition, we used a cable-driven robotic system to displace the user's pelvis. In the second condition, we used a treadmill to displace the participants' support surface. A set of perturbations were delivered until participants failed to maintain balance. The type of perturbation delivered, i.e., force applied on the pelvis or displacement of the support surface, was randomized within each set. In addition, the direction of the perturbation, i.e., anterior or posterior, was also randomized within each set. Joint angles, ground reaction forces, and muscle activity using surface electromyography were measured to characterize their balance control strategies. Our results show that perturbation directions had the most distinguishable change among participants. Participants also required an increase in trunk movement to stabilize as the perturbation intensities increased. These results provide important insights for designing future sit-to-stand perturbation-based training in individuals prone to falling.
Human Cytidine Deaminase: Understanding the Catalytic Mechanism (2003)

In the absence of an experimentally elucidated three-dimensional structure of the human CDA, we built an homology model of this enzyme starting from the crystal structure of its E. coli homologous. Furthermore, we docked in the active site alternatively the substrate, the intermediate or the product. By means of molecular dynamics simulations, we determined the topology of the active site, identifying the amino acids involved in the catalytic mechanism, and outlining the central role played by E67.
Glucagon response to hypoglycemia is improved by insulin-independent restoration of normoglycemia in diabetic rats. (1996)

The aim of this study was to determine whether the impaired glucagon response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the diabetic rat can be improved by correction of hyperglycemia independent of insulin. Four groups of age-matched male Sprague-Dawley rats (246 +/- 13 g BW) were studied: 1) normal controls (NC; n = 7); 2) diabetic, untreated (DU; n = 6); 3) diabetic, treated for 5-7 days using sustained release (2-3 U/day) insulin implants (DI; n = 6); and 4) diabetic, treated for 3-4 days with phlorizin (0.4 g/kg), given sc twice daily (DP; n = 7). Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Basal plasma glucose was 7.4 +/- 0.3 mM in NC, but rose to 14.5 +/- 2.2 mM in DU. Basal hyperglycemia was corrected with phlorizin and insulin treatments (5.5 +/- 0.5 and 6.7 +/- 0.8 mM, respectively). NC rats responded to insulin-induced hypoglycemia with a rapid and marked increase in glucagon (peak, 2059 +/- 311 pg/ml). The glucagon response was blunted in DU (635 +/- 180 pg/ml) and was partially improved by prolonged normalization of glycemia in DP (1335 +/- 295 pg/ml; P < 0.05). Plasma somatostatin levels in all diabetic groups were 2- to 3-fold higher in the basal state, but were not different during hypoglycemia, than those in NC rats. Compared to levels in NC rats, diabetes resulted in decreased insulin, but elevated glucagon and somatostatin concentrations in the pancreatic tissue. Treatment with both insulin and phlorizin reversed the changes in the pancreatic content of both glucagon and somatostatin. Pancreatic proglucagon messenger RNA did not show significant differences among the four groups in either state. Insulin treatment in the DI group resulted in a delayed and much smaller increase in the glucagon response (740 +/- 138 pg/ml) to hypoglycemia despite normalization of glycemia. We, therefore, conclude that in streptozotocin-diabetic rats, the impaired glucagon responsiveness to hypoglycemia is significantly improved by insulin-independent correction of hyperglycemia, suggesting the importance of normoglycemia per se in maintaining, at least in part, the glucose sensitivity of pancreatic alpha-cells.
Preclinical evidence that chemotherapy for prostate cancer should be given at the same time as androgen withdrawal (2005)

4617 Background: Androgen ablation is the mainstay of systemic therapy for prostate cancer, with cytotoxic chemotherapy reserved for hormone refractory disease. Earlier use of chemotherapy at the time of androgen dependence when there are potentially fewer multi-resistant clones, may yield greater benefit. This study addresses the ideal timing of systemic treatments in the androgen-dependent Shionogi tumour model. The hypothesis that stress-induced changes in gene expression after chemotherapy can induce a hormone independent phenotype was further explored in the LNCaP setting. Methods: Three groups of ten mice bearing Shionogi xenografts were treated with: 1) initial castration and delayed paclitaxel, 2) initial paclitaxel and delayed castration, or 3) combined therapy. Endpoints were time to tumour progression and time to sacrifice. The additive effects of combined therapy were also assessed through in vitro proliferation studies on LNCaP cells. Spotted microarray and RT-PCR analyses were carried out on mRNA from LNCaP cells exposed to paclitaxel to identify gene expression changes over time. Results: Mice receiving combined therapy demonstrated a significant improvement in time to progression (median 65 vs. 38 days, p=0.004) and time to sacrifice (median 83 vs. 66 days, p<0.014) versus sequential therapy. A marked lack of response to castration in the mice treated with paclitaxel first was observed. Similar effects were seen in vitro. Microarray studies identified increases in several genes known to play a role in androgen independence in response to paclitaxel exposure. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated an increase of expression of clusterin, bcl-2, bcl-xL and Hsp27 of between 30% and 60% after 48 hours of paclitaxel exposure. Conclusions: In laboratory models of prostate cancer, the combination of androgen deprivation and paclitaxel is more effective than sequential treatment. Molecular studies confirm that chemotherapy can induce alterations in gene expression associated with androgen independent proliferation. These findings provide pre-clinical proof-of-principle for ongoing clinical trials addressing the role and timing of systemic therapies in prostate cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
7.3: Development of 3.4in. QHD LCD Having BluePhase LC and OxideSemiconductor TFTs (2010)

Abstract We fabricated a liquid crystal panel by combining a blue phase material having short response time with an TFT formed using an oxide semiconductor having high mobility and stable normallyoff characteristics. It was very effective to use a highdefinition InGaZnOxide TFT substrate that we had developed.
First-in-human phase I/II dose-escalation study of IMAB027 in patients with recurrent advanced ovarian cancer (OVAR): Preliminary data of phase I part. (2015)

5537 Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a high medical need disease. Most patients (pts) relapse following initial therapy with limited therapeutic options. IMAB027 is the first-in-class monoclonal antibody (mAB) directed against claudin 6 (CLDN6), a cancer cell specific, embryonic tight junction protein and cancer stem cell marker. CLDN6 is expressed in > 55% of OCs and frequently in other cancer types. In preclinical models, IMAB027 executes potent anti-tumor activity via AB-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity without mediating off-target toxicity. Methods: This first-in-human, open-label, dose escalation Phase I/II trial assesses the safety/tolerability (NCI-CTCAEv4.0), pharmacokinetics (PK) and clinical efficacy (RECIST 1.1) of IMAB027 in pts with advanced, recurrent CLDN6+ OC. Here we report preliminary data on 12 pts enrolled in the Phase I part of the study as of August 15, 2014. Pts received 100, 300, 600, or 1000 mg/m2 IMAB027 (n = 3/group) q3w IV until disease progression. Results: Pts had a median age of 64 (54–75) years, platinum-resistant disease and had received a median of 4 (3–9) lines of previous chemotherapies. All administered doses were safe and well tolerated, no DLT was observed and the MTD was not reached. 108 AEs have been recorded, all but 5 (4 grade [gr] 3, 1 gr 4) were gr 1–2 (82 and 21 AEs, respectively). 29 AEs were considered IMAB027 related (22 gr 1, 6 gr 2, 1 gr 3 as deemed by investigator). Five AEs (all in 1 pt) were classified as SAEs incl. one gr 2 hypersensitivity (study drug-related SUSAR). IMAB27-related SAEs were manageable and fully resolved. IMAB027 PK was well described with a 2-compartment model (mean AUC: 20,770–86,160 µg/mL×h; mean Cmax: 151–611 µg/mL for 300–1000 mg/m2). First signs of IMAB027 clinical activity were observed. Conclusions: This is the first clinical study to show effects of a therapy targeting CLDN6. Based on these preliminary Phase I data, IMAB027 may present a safe and well tolerated treatment option for women with recurrent, advanced OC. This warrants further clinical evaluation of IMAB027 in this patient population with a high medical unmet need. Clinical trial information: NCT02054351.
A Clinical Sign Reflecting the Follicle Miniaturization (2013)

(1)TheclinicalmacroscopicscoringweproposeforhairdensitywassignificantlycorrelatedwithHamilton classification and with histological hair den-sity.(2)Diversityinhairdiameterwasthemainandmostaccurate clinical parameter linked to follicle miniatur-ization. (C) The anagen-telogen ratio decreased in par-allel with the decrease in clinical hair density score.
Supportive Care: Time to Change Our Prognostic Tools and Their Use in CKD (2016)

In using a patient-centered approach, neither a clinician nor a prognostic score can predict with absolute certainty how well a patient will do or how long he will live; however, validated prognostic scores may improve accuracy of prognostic estimates, thereby enhancing the ability of the clinicians to appreciate the individual burden of disease and the prognosis of their patients and inform them accordingly. They may also facilitate nephrologist's recommendation of dialysis services to those who may benefit and proposal of alternative care pathways that might better respect patients' values and goals to those who are unlikely to benefit. The purpose of this article is to discuss the use as well as the limits and deficiencies of currently available prognostic tools. It will describe new predictors that could be integrated in future scores and the role of patients' priorities in development of new scores. Delivering patient-centered care requires an understanding of patients' priorities that are important and relevant to them. Because of limits of available scores, the contribution of new prognostic tools with specific markers of the trajectories for patients with CKD and patients' health reports should be evaluated in relation to their transportability to different clinical and cultural contexts and their potential for integration into the decision-making processes. The benefit of their use then needs to be quantified in clinical practice by outcome studies including health-related quality of life, patient and caregiver satisfaction, or utility for improving clinical management pathways and tailoring individualized patient-centered strategies of care. Future research also needs to incorporate qualitative methods involving patients and their caregivers to better understand the barriers and facilitators to use of these tools in the clinical setting. Information given to patients should be supported by a more realistic approach to what dialysis is likely to entail for the individual patient in terms of likely quality and quantity of life according to the patient's values and goals and not just the possibility of life prolongation.
Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, 190 [1] Synthese und Molekülstruktur von 1,2-Dihydroboreten und Azadiboretidinen / Contribution to the Chemistry of Boron, 190 [1] Synthesis and Molecular Structure of 1,2-Dihydrodiboretes and Azadiboretidines (1988)

Abstract [2+2]-Cycloadditions of 9-Fluorenylidentetramethylpiperidinoboranes have been studied with selected olefines, acetylenes and iminoboranes. No reactions with olefines were observed. While propiolic methylester reacts exclusively at the carbonyl bond producing the oxaboretane 5, alkines such as diethylamino-alkines, cyclo-octine and phenylacetylene provide access to the'1,2-dihydroboretenes 6, 3 and 2. Tetramethylpiperidinoiminoboranes make 1.2.4-azadiboretidines 7 available. 6a and 7a contain a folded four-membered ring as shown by X-ray structure analysis. There is only a weak 1,3-intraannular interaction due to BN-;r-bonding of the boron atoms with their exocyclic amino group.