gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PKCα Activates eNOS and Increases Arterial Blood Flow In Vivo (2005)

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays an important role in control of vascular tone and angiogenesis among other functions. Its regulation is complex and has not been fully established. Several studies have emphasized the importance of phosphorylation in the regulation of eNOS activity. Although it is commonly accepted that protein kinase C (PKC) signaling inhibits eNOS activity by phosphorylating Thr497 and dephosphorylating Ser1179, the distinct role of different PKC isoforms has not been studied so far. The PKC family comprises roughly 12 different isozymes that activate distinct downstream pathways. The present study was designed to investigate the role of PKCalpha isoform in regulation of eNOS activity. Overexpression of PKCalpha in primary endothelial cells was associated with increased eNOS-Ser1179 phosphorylation and increased NO production. Inhibition of PKCalpha activity either by siRNA transfection or by overexpression of a dominant negative mutant resulted in a marked decrease in FGF2-induced Ser1179 phosphorylation and NO production. In vivo, PKCalpha transduction in rat femoral arteries resulted in a significant increase in the resting blood flow that was suppressed by treatment with L-NAME, an eNOS inhibitor. In conclusion, these data demonstrate for the first time that PKCalpha stimulates NO production in endothelial cells and plays a role in regulation of blood flow in vivo.
The Cardiolipin Transacylase Tafazzin Regulates Basal Insulin Secretion and Mitochondrial Function in Pancreatic Islets from Mice (2021)

ABSTRACT Objective Tafazzin (TAZ) is a cardiolipin (CL) biosynthetic enzyme important for maintaining mitochondrial function. TAZ impacts both the species and content of CL in the inner mitochondrial membrane which are essential for normal cellular respiration. In pancreatic β-cells, mitochondrial function is closely associated with insulin secretion. However, the role of TAZ and CL in the secretion of insulin from pancreatic islets remains unknown. Methods Male 4-month-old doxycycline-inducible TAZ knock-down (TAZ KD) mice and wild-type littermate controls were utilized. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess β-cell morphology in whole pancreas sections, while ex vivo insulin secretion, CL content, RNA-Seq analysis and mitochondrial oxygen consumption were measured from isolated islet preparations. Results Ex vivo insulin secretion under non-stimulatory low-glucose concentrations was reduced ∼52% from islets isolated from TAZ KD mice. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption under low-glucose conditions was also reduced ∼58% in islets from TAZ KD animals. TAZ-deficiency in pancreatic islets was associated with significant alteration in CL molecular species and reduced oxidized CL content. In addition, RNA-Seq of isolated islets showed that TAZ KD increased expression of extracellular matrix genes which are linked to pancreatic fibrosis, activated stellate cells and impaired β-cell function. Conclusion These data indicate a novel role for TAZ in regulating normal β-cell function, particularly under low-glucose conditions.
Week-Long Operation of Electrochemical Aptamer Sensors: New Insights into Self-Assembled Monolayer Degradation Mechanisms and Solutions for Stability in Serum at Body Temperature (2023)

Conventional wisdom suggests that widely utilized self-assembled alkylthiolate monolayers on gold are too unstable to last more than several days when exposed to complex fluids such as raw serum at body temperature. Demonstrated here is that these monolayers can not only last at least 1 week under such harsh conditions but that significant applied value can be captured for continuous electrochemical aptamer biosensors. Electrochemical aptamer biosensors provide an ideal tool to investigate monolayer degradation, as aptamer sensors require a tightly packed monolayer to preserve sensor signal vs background current and readily reveal fouling by albumin and other solutes when operating in biofluids. Week-long operation in serum at 37 °C is achieved by (1) increasing van der Waals interactions between adjacent monolayer molecules to increase the activation energy required for desorption, (2) optimizing electrochemical measurement to decrease both alkylthiolate oxidation and electric-field-induced desorption, and (3) mitigating fouling using protective zwitterionic membranes and zwitterion-based blocking layers with antifouling properties. This work further proposes origins and mechanisms of monolayer degradation in a logical stepwise manner that was previously unobservable over multiday time scales. Several of the observed results are surprising, revealing that short-term improvements to sensor longevity (i.e., hours) actually increase sensor degradation in the longer term (i.e., days). The results and underlying insights on mechanisms not only push forward fundamental understanding of stability for self-assembled monolayers but also demonstrate an important milestone for continuous electrochemical aptamer biosensors.
Phase-Shifted Quad-Input LLC Converter with Variable Pulse Width Modulation1 (2021)

In this paper, a novel quad input DC-DC converter is proposed for photovoltaic (PV) applications where four PV panels are connected to the load through a single LLC tank. This topology uses Frequency Switching Modulation (FSM) to regulate the load and Phase Shift Modulation (PSM) to balance the power between both sides of the converter. In addition, variable duty cycle Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) on each side to control the power supplied by the panels within it. This means four degrees of freedom are used to control all the ports of the proposed converter. This topology features a low-cost solution due to the number of components reduction and centralized control which leads to easier functionality and higher efficiency. This paper includes the detailed topology analysis, steady-state operation, and the gain equations are derived. Finally, the theoretical analysis is verified by simulation using MATLAB Simulink platform.
Ftd: frequency to time domain conversion for reduced-order interconnect simulation (2001)

Model order reduction is an invaluable tool for solving part of the interconnect simulation problem, but an equally important problem is to interface these frequency-domain representations with the discrete time domain models that are used for nonlinear transient simulation. Various recursive convolution methods have been proposed which provide an exact solution to this interface problem under the assumption of piecewise linear voltage waveforms. This paper proposes a frequency to time-domain conversion algorithm, ftd (frequency to time domain), that represents a seemingly optimal form of recursive convolution. We demonstrate that ftd provides exact accuracy for piecewise linear inputs. Moreover, ftd is algorithmically straight-forward and simple to implement for a specific application.
A Study of the Operator Expansion Method and its Application to Scattering from Randomly Rough Dirichlet Surfaces (1994)

The Operator Expansion (OE) method, a new approximation introduced by Milder for computing wave scattering from rough surfaces, is applied to acoustic scattering from one-dimensional randomly rough pressure release (Dirichlet) surfaces. The accuracy of the OE series solution is evaluated through comparison with exact numerical results obtained by solution of an integral equation. Studies of scattering from moderately rough surfaces with a Gaussian spectrum indicate that the first order OE solution is accurate when either small perturbation theory or the Kirchhoff approximation is accurate. The first order OE solution is also accurate in some cases when neither classical method is valid. In this moderate roughness regime, the OE series converges rapidly over all scattering angles for a broad range of incident angles, and numerical studies indicate that rapid convergence is always associated with an accurate solution. As roughness is increased, the OE series solution converges less rapidly overall but remains accurate for a wide range of scattering regimes, including some cases just rough enough to support backscattering enhancement.
Large‐Area Dual‐Scale Metal Transfer by Adhesive Force (2009)

A dual-scale metal transfer technique is presented to generate metal patterns with two different length scales from a single master. An adhesive polymer layer is brought in contact with the metal-coated surface in two sequential steps to transfer metal layers from both ridges and valleys of the mold aided by the difference in adhesive force (see image).
Intensification of Biophenols Extraction Yield from Olive Pomace Using Innovative Green Technologies (2022)

Olive pomace is the main by-product generated by the olive oil production process. Although toxic to the environment, olive pomace is an important source of natural antioxidants due to its high content of phenolic compounds. The aim of the current study is to maximize the extraction yields of the main phenolic compounds present in olive pomace using innovative green technologies. For this purpose, the present work is divided into two parts. The first part is based on a solubility study of targeted phenolic compounds in various ethanol/water ratios at two different temperatures (20 °C and 50 °C). A computational prediction using COSMO-RS software was applied for the calculation of eventual solubility, which was subsequently confirmed by practical experiments. The determination of the optimal extraction conditions of solvent ratio (EtOH/H<sub>2</sub>O) (60:40 <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) and temperature (50 °C) led to the second part of the work, which concerns the intensification of extraction yields. Furthermore, various green extractions using innovative technologies, including accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasound with its both system (probe (UAE-P) and bath (UAE-B)), bead milling (BM) and microwave (MAE), were carried out and then compared to conventional maceration (CM). Results showed that ASE was the most effective method for extracting phenolic compounds from dried olive pomace powder (5.3 milligrams of tyrosol equivalent (TE) per gram of dried olive pomace powder (DOP)) compared to CM (3.8 mg TE/g DOP).
Glucose Production by Deconvolution in Intravenous and Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests: Role of Output Variable (2006)

Endogenous glucose production (EGP) after a glucose stimulus can be estimated by deconvolution of the endogenous component of glucose concentration, which is computed from noisy measurements. This study analyzes how measurement errors propagate to endogenous glucose and affect EGP reconstruction during intravenous (IVGTT) and oral (MEAL) glucose tolerance tests. Monte Carlo simulations show that the effect of errors on endogenous glucose and thus on EGP is more critical during IVGTT than during MEAL. A two-regularization-parameter deconvolution technique for IVGTT is proposed, which successfully handles this added difficulty.
Bronchial spasmolytic action of terbutaline and fenoterol compared with that of ipratropium bromide in the anaesthetized dog. (1978)

Continuous recordings of heart rate, respiration rate, minute volume and bronchial resistance were made over a period of altogether three hours in spontaneously breathing dogs anaesthetized with chloralose. At hourly intervals, before and 1 and 2 hr after the administration of bronchodilators, bronchial spasm was induced by inhalation of an acetylcholine solution. Two beta2-stimulants, terbutaline and fenoterol, were administered by inhalation in doses of 0.5, 0.16 and 0.05 mg/kg and 0.1, 0.3 and 0.01 mg/kg respectively. For comparison, an atropine derivative, ipratropium bromide, was also given by the same route in doses of 0.04 and 0.01 mg/kg. Controls received normal saline. Terbutaline and fenoterol caused an increase in heart rate, respiration rate and minute volume. Acetylcholine-induced bronchial spasm was inhibited to the extent of 10--70% for 2 hr after the administration of terbutaline, and by 15--70% after fenoterol. The acetylcholine antagonist ipratropium bromide caused only transient changes in heart rate, respiration rate and minute volume. Acetylcholine-induced bronchial spasm was inhibited by 95% and 80% for 2 hr after doses of 0.04 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. Fenoterol had a slightly greater central stimulant effect than terbutaline; ipratropium bromide displayed no stimulant activity.
218. Enhanced Antitumor Immunity Induced By HPV16 and 18 E6/E7 DNA Vaccine in Combination with IL-12 as an Immuno-Adjuvant (2015)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with 99% of cervical cancers and approximately 20% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. HPV E6- and E7-specific T cell immunity has been considered a critical characteristic of an effective therapeutic vaccine designed to control and eliminate established pre-existing HPV infections and associated cancers. The use of molecular adjuvants is considered an important tool to increase the potency of DNA vaccines further. IL-12 has shown to drive cellular immune responses by aiding the priming and expansion of CD8 T cells. We have previously demonstrated that a highly optimized engineered DNA vaccine targeting HPV 16 and 18 E6/E7 (pGX3001 and pGX3002) elicited potent TH1 and cytotoxic cellular immune responses in a Phase I clinical trial. Here, we sought to determine whether the HPV vaccine-induced antitumor immunity could be further enhanced by the addition of IL12 as an adjuvant. We first demonstrated that IL-12 could enhance HPV16 E6 and E7-specific cellular responses measured by ELISpot in mice (average of 1037 vs 504 SFU/106 splenocytes). Then we performed an in vivo tumor therapy study to determine whether IL-12 could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of pGX3001 in TC-1 tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice. The results induced that mice immunized with pGX3001+IL-12 exhibited smaller tumors compared to those in the no adjuvant group. Thirty days post tumor transplantation, 9 out of 10 mice in the pGX3100+IL-12 group showed complete tumor regression, while there were only 4 out of 10 mice in the pGX3001 group that showed complete tumor regression, indicating that the addition of plasmid-based mouse IL-12 enhanced the vaccine-induced antitumor immunity in a murine model. Furthermore, an additional study in a more relevant, non-human primate model was performed to ensure that the vaccine-induced cellular immune responses could also be augmented by using a rhesus macaque IL-12 plasmid. The data indicated that the addition of IL-12 increased the magnitude of vaccine-induced cellular immune responses about two fold post third immunization (average of 2711 SFU vs 1400 SFU/106 PBMCs as measured by ELISpot). The HPV antigen-specific memory responses in the HPV+IL-12 group were increased more than four-fold compared to the responses in the unadjuvanted group (average of 2570 vs 577 SFU/106 PBMCs). Flow cytometric analysis revealed the induction of both HPV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells that efficiently increased IFN-γ responses. Both adjuvant and unadjuvanted groups showed an increase in effector and central memory CD8 T cells after immunization, while the IL-12 group exhibited stronger effector memory CD8 T cell responses. Taken together, these data support the further development of this HPV DNA vaccine in combination with IL12 as a cancer immunotherapy candidate.
Testing Injection Wells With Rate and Pressure Data (1994)

Summary Injection tests can give such information as the effective mobilities of fluids, wellbore damage, and saturation change during displacement, which often require use of rate and pressure data. Although exact solutions for injection and falloff pressure response of a well in an infinite reservoir may be obtained for a constant injection rate, they are not readily extended for the general case of varying flow rates and bounded reservoirs. We present a perturbation theory for multiphase testing that leads to a weakly nonlinear convolution and give a technique to calculate pressure response rapidly for arbitrary flow rates for this form of convolution. The technique is specifically suited for solving inverse problems with nonlinear estimation. We present modifications to the solutions for positive and negative skin factors and demonstrate that the effect of wellbore storage is not easily accounted for in an injection test, unlike single-phase well testing. We give a procedure to correct the system response to storage and propose a variable-rate injection test to improve system parameter estimation. The main idea of the test is to excite the reservoir sequentially and continuously to keep it under strong transient conditions. We present interpretation results for such a sequential testing.
Natural Product Derived Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Identification of IGF1R, Tie-2, and VEGFR-3 Inhibitors (2002)

Blood and lymph vessel growth is regulated by Tie-2 and the VEGFR-3 receptor tyrosine kinases. These proteins also play major roles in the growth and metastasis of cancers. A novel class of inhibitors of these signal-transducing proteins, and of the IGF1R kinase (such as 1), is identified from a natural product derived compound library. This discovery opens up new opportunities for the development of antitumor agents.
Performance of FDE Using Partial LDPC Coding with Double Gray Mapping for Single-Carrier LOS-MIMO (2020)

This paper presents the bit error rate (BER) performance of frequency domain equalization (FDE) using low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding for single-carrier line-of-sight (LOS)-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing. We use partial LDPC coding with double Gray mapping and collaborative decoding, which is suitable for a high coding rate such as 0.9. Computer simulation results show that partial LDPC coding decreases the required received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) at the bit error rate (BER) of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> by approximately 1.0 dB compared to that for full LDPC coding for 256QAM in a Rummler fading channel. We show that the required received SNR at the BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> using partial LDPC coding is decreased by more than 6.6 dB compared to that without LDPC coding even for the deep notch depth of -20dB regardless of the relationship between the notch frequencies in the direct and cross links for 2×2 LOS-MIMO in a Rummler fading channel. Therefore, we conclude that FDE using partial LDPC coding with double Gray mapping and collaborative decoding is effective in achieving a low BER for single-carrier LOS-MIMO in microwave radio backhaul channels.
Induction Heating: Everything You Wanted to Know, But Were Afraid to Ask (2019)

Abstract As a regular contributor to the HTPro eNewsletter, Professor Induction answers a wide variety of questions regarding induction heating and heat treating. This column addresses control of quenching temperatures and affect on induction hardening results.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF NITRONES (1977)

Abstract Aromatische Ald‐ und Ketimine (I) ergeben mit N‐Methylhydroxylamin‐O‐sulfonsäure (II) in Methanol in einer Additions‐Eliminierungs‐Reaktion Nitrone (III) in guten Ausbeuten.
Precision cast lens fabrication integrated with HOE and multi-functional metasurfaces, for next generation AR displays (2022)

Holographic optical elements (HOEs) can not only replace traditional lenses and mirrors but can also provide optical functions that are very difficult to achieve with conventional optics. HOEs are smaller, lighter, cheaper and better tailored to customer needs than conventional optics. All of the optical workings of HOEs are compressed into a thin nanostructured layer of recording material. META’s ARfusion™ platform combines precision cast lens fabrication tools with functional metasurfaces, including HOE’s, to provide AR wearable developers with a platform for seamlessly integrating smart technologies into thin lightweight prescription glasses. In this talk I will describe how these embedded smart technologies can include waveguides, micro-displays, holographic filters, polarizing, liquid crystal/electrochromic foils, antifogging and eye-glow suppression films, antennas, and eye trackers.
. Positioning for Neurosurgery (2013)

Most surgical procedures are performed with the patient in the supine position and with little consultation between the surgeon and anesthesiologist. In the neurosurgical operating room, however, patient positioning must be a collaborative effort that includes the anesthesiologist, neurosurgeon, and nursing staff because the patient must frequently be positioned in ways that entail significant physiologic and pathologic consequences. Surgeons and anesthesiologists have devised several standard positions for a range of procedures that provide the surgeon with an optimal field while minimizing nonanatomic patient positioning. Although poor positioning may be tolerated with little sequelae in a patient undergoing a brief surgical procedure, an overlooked detail may result in long-term or permanent injury and disability after a long neurosurgical procedure. The length and complexity of neurosurgery significantly increase the risks of malpositioning. Understanding which procedures will require a specific position and the risks that are entailed allows the anesthesiologist to manage the relevant physiologic and anatomic issues.
Devlopment of a Cell Coculture Microfluidic Shear Device for Mechano-Transmission Study (2007)

We have developed a microfluidic shear device that allows for the study of cell communication in a dynamically controlled biochemical and biomechanical environments simulating cells’ living environments in vivo. Such study may help to improve our understanding in the effects of hypertension-relevant and vascular development-relevant flow shear stress on cell behaviors. Endothelial cells may be a key factor for transmitting the blood flow conditions from the endothelial lining to interstitial layers and smooth muscle cells. The interstitial flow stress and the shear stress induced signaling factors may greatly alter vascular biology of these deep layers. Endothelial cells act as a mechano-transducer by converting shear stress into biochemical signaling factors. The biochemical factors diffuse to smooth muscle cells and further alter the biological structure of vascular tissues. Also, the flow shear stress will be transmitted to the interstitial tissue layer through the pores resulted from the pores in the fenestrated endothelial lining. Studies in both the mechano-transduction process and the mechano-transmission process will benefit from a biomimetic flow shear device with co-cultured cells. Our device will allow the co-culture of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells to study these biomechanical processes. The pulmonary arterial cells are used as a model in the study. The microfluidic device developed here will be used to enhance the understanding of pulmonary vascular disease pathogenesis due to the variations in the flow shear stress.