gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding high resolution space‐time variability of rainfall in southwest Georgia, United States (2013)

ABSTRACT Enhanced understanding of rainfall variability requires high resolution observations, yet most weather networks are unable to capture rainfall gradients that are important for modelling and decision‐making. Using a network of 46 rain gauges over an area of 3100 km 2 in southwest Georgia, this study evaluated different rainfall characteristics, including duration, intensity and correlation, and the impact of network density on spatially‐aggregated rainfall. Distances among the observation locations ranged from 1 to 60 km, which makes the network significantly denser than most state‐level weather networks in the United States. Results of the analysis of storm characteristics indicated that summer and winter portrayed the highest contrast. Most summer storms had an approximate duration of 1 h and were characterized by high rainfall intensities. Fall and spring appeared to exhibit a mix of characteristics from summer and winter. During the summer, rainfall occurrence at a location was quasi‐independent of rainfall events at other locations in the study area while during the winter rainfall tended to occur or not occur over the whole study area simultaneously. During the summer, the correlation of rainfall amount was only high (0.90) in the immediate neighbourhood of the site considered (less than 3.3 km) while during the winter, this distance extended to approximately 8–18 km. To allow a coefficient of variability of 5% in the distribution of aggregate rainfall amount over the study area, the required network density sizes would be 16 gauges for summer and 4 gauges for winter, which translates into 5.2 gauges per 1000 km 2 and 1.3 gauges per 1000 km 2 , respectively. These results provided insights into the characteristics and importance of rainfall variability at spatial resolutions ranging from local to regional. Results from this study may be applicable in the southeast United States and other areas with similar weather systems.
Thermal Transport in Three-Dimensional Foam Architectures of Few-Layer Graphene and Ultrathin Graphite (2012)

At a very low solid concentration of 0.45 ± 0.09 vol %, the room-temperature thermal conductivity (κ(GF)) of freestanding graphene-based foams (GF), comprised of few-layer graphene (FLG) and ultrathin graphite (UG) synthesized through the use of methane chemical vapor deposition on reticulated nickel foams, was increased from 0.26 to 1.7 W m(-1) K(-1) after the etchant for the sacrificial nickel support was changed from an aggressive hydrochloric acid solution to a slow ammonium persulfate etchant. In addition, κ(GF) showed a quadratic dependence on temperature between 11 and 75 K and peaked at about 150 K, where the solid thermal conductivity (κ(G)) of the FLG and UG constituents reached about 1600 W m(-1) K(-1), revealing the benefit of eliminating internal contact thermal resistance in the continuous GF structure.
Display of the human mucinome with defined O-glycans by gene engineered cells (2021)

Mucins are a large family of heavily O-glycosylated proteins that cover all mucosal surfaces and constitute the major macromolecules in most body fluids. Mucins are primarily defined by their variable tandem repeat (TR) domains that are densely decorated with different O-glycan structures in distinct patterns, and these arguably convey much of the informational content of mucins. Here, we develop a cell-based platform for the display and production of human TR O-glycodomains (~200 amino acids) with tunable structures and patterns of O-glycans using membrane-bound and secreted reporters expressed in glycoengineered HEK293 cells. Availability of defined mucin TR O-glycodomains advances experimental studies into the versatile role of mucins at the interface with pathogenic microorganisms and the microbiome, and sparks new strategies for molecular dissection of specific roles of adhesins, glycoside hydrolases, glycopeptidases, viruses and other interactions with mucin TRs as highlighted by examples.
Bipolarization and Poleward Flux Correlate during Xenopus Extract Spindle Assembly (2004)

We investigated the mechanism by which meiotic spindles become bipolar and the correlation between bipolarity and poleward flux, using Xenopus egg extracts. By speckle microscopy and computational alignment, we find that monopolar sperm asters do not show evidence for flux, partially contradicting previous work. We account for the discrepancy by describing spontaneous bipolarization of sperm asters that was missed previously. During spontaneous bipolarization, onset of flux correlated with onset of bipolarity, implying that antiparallel microtubule organization may be required for flux. Using a probe for TPX2 in addition to tubulin, we describe two pathways that lead to spontaneous bipolarization, new pole assembly near chromatin, and pole splitting. By inhibiting the Ran pathway with excess importin-alpha, we establish a role for chromatin-derived, antiparallel overlap bundles in generating the sliding force for flux, and we examine these bundles by electron microscopy. Our results highlight the importance of two processes, chromatin-initiated microtubule nucleation, and sliding forces generated between antiparallel microtubules, in self-organization of spindle bipolarity and poleward flux.
Regulation of Chemerin Chemoattractant and Antibacterial Activity by Human Cysteine Cathepsins (2011)

Chemerin, a ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor chemokine-like receptor 1, requires C-terminal proteolytic processing to unleash its chemoattractant activity. Proteolytically processed chemerin selectively attracts specific subsets of immunoregulatory APCs, including chemokine-like receptor 1-positive immature plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Chemerin is predicted to belong to the structural cathelicidin/cystatin family of proteins composed of antibacterial polypeptide cathelicidins and inhibitors of cysteine proteinases (cystatins). We therefore hypothesized that chemerin may interact directly with cysteine proteases, and that it might also function as an antibacterial agent. In this article, we show that chemerin does not inhibit human cysteine proteases, but rather is a new substrate for cathepsin (cat) K and L. cat K- and L-cleaved chemerin triggered robust migration of human blood-derived pDC ex vivo. Furthermore, cat K- and L-truncated chemerin also displayed antibacterial activity against Enterobacteriaceae. Cathepsins may therefore contribute to host defense by activating chemerin to directly inhibit bacterial growth and to recruit pDC to sites of infection.
Effect of oral clonidine, insulin-induced hypoglycemia and exercise on plasma GHRH levels in short-stature children (1990)

Human growth hormone release is affected by a variety of pharmacological and physiological stimuli. We have studied the effect of oral clonidine, insulin hypoglycemia, and exercise on plasma hGH and GHRH levels in 31 healthy short-stature children. Thirteen underwent an oral clonidine test (0.15 mg/m2), 12 an iv. insulin test (0.1 U/kg), and 6 performed exercise (running for 10 min in a defined route). GHRH-1-44 was extracted from plasma on silica columns and determined by RIA. Although all three stimuli induced a marked increase in plasma hGH levels, only clonidine induced a significant increase in plasma GHRH levels. Maximal increment in GHRH during clonidine was 6.82 +/- 1.05 pmol/l (mean +/- SEM) as compared with 0.51 +/- 0.28 and 0.53 +/- 0.62 during hypoglycemia and exercise (p less than 0.0005 and p less than 0.005), respectively. An additional 24 subjects received TRH 0.2 mg/kg iv: 8 TRH alone, 8 TRH and insulin, and 8 TRH and clonidine. Only insulin potentiated the TRH-induced TSH response with a peak of 22.0 +/- 3.2 vs 16.0 +/- 0.8 and 15.3 +/- 1.5 mU/l (p less than 0.025) for TRH alone and TRH and clonidine, respectively. It is suggested that clonidine stimulates hGH secretion mainly through an enhancement of GHRH release, whereas stress stimuli such as hypoglycemia and exercise achieve hGH release by a different mechanism, possibly inhibition of somatostatin.
Convergence of Mutation and Epigenetic Alterations Identifies Common Genes in Cancer That Predict for Poor Prognosis (2008)

Using an unbiased genome-wide approach, our analysis has enabled the discovery of a number of clinically significant genes targeted by multiple modes of inactivation in breast and colon cancer. Importantly, we demonstrate that a subset of these genes predict strongly for poor clinical outcome. Our data define a set of genes that are targeted by both genetic and epigenetic events, predict for clinical prognosis, and are likely fundamentally important for cancer initiation or progression.
Quantitativein vivocell-surface receptor imaging in oncology: kinetic modeling and paired-agent principles from nuclear medicine and optical imaging (2015)

The development of methods to accurately quantify cell-surface receptors in living tissues would have a seminal impact in oncology. For example, accurate measures of receptor density in vivo could enhance early detection or surgical resection of tumors via protein-based contrast, allowing removal of cancer with high phenotype specificity. Alternatively, accurate receptor expression estimation could be used as a biomarker to guide patient-specific clinical oncology targeting of the same molecular pathway. Unfortunately, conventional molecular contrast-based imaging approaches are not well adapted to accurately estimating the nanomolar-level cell-surface receptor concentrations in tumors, as most images are dominated by nonspecific sources of contrast such as high vascular permeability and lymphatic inhibition. This article reviews approaches for overcoming these limitations based upon tracer kinetic modeling and the use of emerging protocols to estimate binding potential and the related receptor concentration. Methods such as using single time point imaging or a reference-tissue approach tend to have low accuracy in tumors, whereas paired-agent methods or advanced kinetic analyses are more promising to eliminate the dominance of interstitial space in the signals. Nuclear medicine and optical molecular imaging are the primary modalities used, as they have the nanomolar level sensitivity needed to quantify cell-surface receptor concentrations present in tissue, although each likely has a different clinical niche.
Integrating Eye Tracking and Speech Recognition Accurately Annotates MR Brain Images for Deep Learning: Proof of Principle (2020)

The DL network was able to locate brain tumors on the basis of training data that were labeled automatically from simulated clinical image interpretation.© RSNA, 2020.
Natural history of experimental woodchuck hepatitis virus infection: molecular virologic features of the pancreas, kidney, ovary, and testis (1990)

The kinetic patterns of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection were monitored in the pancreas, kidneys, ovaries, and testes. Groups of woodchucks experimentally infected with a standardized inoculum of WHV were sacrificed at different times over a 65-week period beginning in the preacute phase of viral infection and continuing to the period of serologic recovery or the establishment of chronic infections and subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma (B. E. Korba, P. J. Cote, F. V. Wells, B. Baldwin, H. Popper, R. H. Purcell, B. C. Tennant, and J. L. Gerin, J. Virol. 63:1360-1370, 1989). Tissues from an additional group of long-term (2 to 3 years) chronic WHV carriers which had been infected with the same WHV inocula were also examined. Viral DNA replication intermediates were found in all four tissues during the acute phase of WHV infection. However, WHV DNA replication intermediates were observed only in the kidneys of a small proportion of the chronically infected animals. Following the acute phase of infection, WHV DNA was present only in the pancreas, kidneys, and ovaries of the chronically infected woodchucks. A progressive evolution of different WHV genomic forms related to the replicative state of WHV was observed in these tissues. Histologic evaluation of these four tissues revealed only minimal, localized lesions which were not correlated with the state of WHV activity. The observations compiled in this study further extend the tissue tropism of WHV.
Animal communication of private states does not illuminate the human case (1993)

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The Intestinal Spirochete Brachyspira pilosicoli Attaches to Cultured Caco-2 Cells and Induces Pathological Changes (2009)

The changes induced in the Caco-2 cells provide evidence that B. pilosicoli has pathogenic potential, and give insights into the likely in vivo pathogenesis.
Analysis of IEEE 802.16m and 3GPP LTE Release 10 technologies by Russian Evaluation Group for IMT-Advanced (2010)

The IMT-Advanced standardization process is executed by International Telecommunications Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) to define requirements to the next 4-th generation mobile communication systems and certify technologies meeting these requirements. This work presents results of the IEEE 802.16m and 3GPP LTE Release 10 technologies evaluation obtained by the Russian Evaluation Group (REG) as part of the ITU-R IMT-Advanced standardization process. The evaluation was done mainly by system level simulations and considered four mandatory test environments of IMT-Advanced: indoor, microcellular, base coverage urban and high speed. Cell spectral efficiency and cell-edge user spectral efficiency were evaluated for downlink and uplink transmissions. It was found out that performance of both IEEE and 3GPP technologies meets the IMT-Advanced requirements for all the considered evaluation scenarios. This conclusion was conveyed by the REG to ITU in the evaluation report submitted in June 2010.
Defective lysosomal clearance of autophagosomes and its clinical implications in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2017)

Autophagic impairment is implicated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the molecular mechanism is unclear. We found that autophagic flux was significantly inhibited in 3 murine models of NAFLD. Interestingly, the number of acidic organelles and the level of mature cathepsin D were reduced, suggesting defective lysosome acidification. Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) was induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to the generation of asparagine, which inhibited lysosome acidification. Both steatotic- and asparagine-treated hepatocytes showed reduced lysosomal acidity and retention of lysosomal calcium. Knockdown of ASNS in steatotic hepatocytes restored autophagic flux. As a potential biomarker, increased serum p62/sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) level was an independent risk factor for patients with steatosis and lobular inflammation. Impaired autophagy in NAFLD is elicited by defective lysosome acidification, which is caused by ASNS-induced asparagine synthesis under endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequent retention of lysosomal calcium. p62/SQSTM1 could be used as a noninvasive biomarker in the diagnosis of NAFLD patients.-Wang, X., Zhang, X., Chu, E. S. H., Chen, X., Kang, W., Wu, F., To, K.-F., Wong, V. W. S., Chan, H. L. Y., Chan, M. T. V., Sung, J. J. Y., Wu, W. K. K., Yu, J. Defective lysosomal clearance of autophagosomes and its clinical implications in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Coherent Access: Status and Opportunities (2020)

Coherent technology has the potential to be a disruptive technology for access networks. However, deployment of coherent-access remains challenging due to its higher complexity and power-consumption compared with conventional approaches. Herein we review present research status on reduced-complexity coherent PON and outline the future opportunities.
Carbon clusters revisited: The ‘‘special’’ behavior of C6 and large carbon clusters (1988)

We have performed a series of experiments in which the conditions necessary for synthesis and detection of carbon clusters have been systematically investigated. The effects of ionizing laser intensity and frequency, vaporization and condensation conditions, and graphite substrate composition (pure and metal loaded) on the carbon cluster ion signals show that ‘‘special’’ conditions are needed to observe locally enhanced ion signals on particular clusters (e.g., a large C+60 signal). We present evidence for two sources of carbon clusters, one source which produces mostly smaller (n&amp;lt;32) and the other which leads to mostly larger (n&amp;gt;32) carbon clusters. In addition we find that several, not just one, metal atom can be attached to C60. Lastly we propose that large variations in ion signals may be explained in terms of the electronic properties of the carbon clusters.
Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Therapy for Glioblastoma (2016)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary intracranial brain tumor in adults with a mean survival of 14 to 15 months. Aberrant activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a significant role in GBM progression, with amplification or overexpression of EGFR in 60% of GBM tumors. To target EGFR expressed by GBM, we have developed a strategy to deliver the coding sequence for cetuximab, an anti-EGFR antibody, directly to the CNS using an adeno-associated virus serotype rh.10 gene transfer vector. The data demonstrates that single, local delivery of an anti-EGFR antibody by an AAVrh.10 vector coding for cetuximab (AAVrh.10Cetmab) reduces GBM tumor growth and increases survival in xenograft mouse models of a human GBM EGFR-expressing cell line and patient-derived GBM. AAVrh10.CetMab-treated mice displayed a reduction in cachexia, a significant decrease in tumor volume and a prolonged survival following therapy. Adeno-associated-directed delivery of a gene encoding a therapeutic anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody may be an effective strategy to treat GBM.
Chiral separation of lobeline analogs using high performance capillary electrophoresis and derivatized cyclodextrins as chiral additives (1999)

High performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) methods are described that will separate the enantiomers of various lobeline analogs synthesized in these laboratories. "Cyclodextrin array analysis" was used for preliminary screening and electrophoresis conditions were optimized for each investigated analog. The lobeline analogs under consideration were investigated as potential nicotinic agonists for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Native alpha (alpha)-, beta (beta)-, and gamma (gamma)-cyclodextrins, methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (M-beta-CD), heptakis-(2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CD), and heptakis-(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (TM-beta-CD), hydroxypropyl-alpha-cyclodextrin (HP-alpha-CD), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) and hydroxypropl-gamma-cyclodextrin (HP-gamma-CD) were used as run buffer additives and their effect on the enantiomeric resolution of the lobeline analogs was investigated. The effect of pH, buffer concentration, voltage, temperature and organic modifier concentration on the enantiomeric resolution of the lobeline analogs was investigated. The most suitable conditions for each compound were chosen and, with detection at a wavelength of 200 nm, optimized.
Photo‐initiated energy transfer in nanostructured complexes observed by near‐field optical microscopy (2003)

We report an apertureless near-field optical study on nanostructured objects formed by J-aggregates adsorbed on silver (Ag) nanoparticles. Near-field images reveal that the enhanced near-field from the dressed particle's (DP) resonantly excited plasmon oscillation is efficiently absorbed by the J-aggregates. The sensitivity of the near-field images recorded at the harmonics of the probe vibration frequency suggests that the DP is releasing part of the absorbed energy radiatively upon interaction with the probe. The role of the probe in providing this new radiative relaxation channel is further confirmed as fluorescence from the J-aggregates on the particle is detected on the particle location only. We based the interpretation of our results on the near-field optical response from a bare Ag particle excited at the plasmon resonance as well as on far-field emission and transient absorption experiments.
Online audio beat tracking for a dancing robot in the presence of ego-motion noise in a real environment (2012)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a real-time real-world beat tracking system which runs on a dancing robot. The main problem of such a robot is that, while it is moving, ego noise is generated due to its motors, and this directly degrades the quality of the audio signal features used for beat tracking. Therefore, we propose to incorporate ego noise reduction as a pre-processing stage prior to our tempo induction and beat tracking system. The beat tracking algorithm is based on an online strategy of competing agents sequentially processing a continuous musical input, while considering parallel hypotheses regarding tempo and beats. This system is applied to a humanoid robot processing the audio from its embedded microphones on-the-fly, while performing simplistic dancing motions. A detailed and multi-criteria based evaluation of the system across different music genres and varying stationary/non-stationary noise conditions is presented. It shows improved performance and noise robustness, outperforming our conventional beat tracker (i.e., without ego noise suppression) by 15.2 points in tempo estimation and 15.0 points in beat-times prediction.
Beyond the Coronary Angiogram: Further Evaluation of the Coronary Vasculature and Endothelial Function (1996)

Coronary artery disease is a progressive and diffuse process. The focus in the past decade was on the late stage of coronary atherosclerosis, with efforts being devoted to the development of thrombolytic drugs and sophisticated interventional devices. However, in spite of the success in decreasing morbidity and mortality from coronary atherosclerosis, the disease process continues. Early diagnosis and treatment of patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease, may prevent the development of unstable angina and myocardial infarction. It has become apparent that the endothelium is the primary target and/or participant in the early stages of coronary atherosclerosis. The endothelium is as an active paracrine organ capable of regulating coronary vascular tone as well as the atherosclerotic and restenosis process by releasing vasorelaxing factors with antiproliferative activity and vasoconstricting and growth factors. During the evolution of coronary atherosclerosis endothelial dysfunction occurs, which is characterized by attenuated release and activity of endothelium derived vasorelaxing factors and enhanced release of vasoconstricting factors. The goal of cardiology is to develop diagnostic methods and treatment for these patients who present to us with cardiac symptoms and nonobstructive coronary artery disease. This article will review the current knowledge of endothelial function as it applies to coronary circulation and describe a clinical approach to the patient with suspected coronary disease and a normal coronary angiogram. (J Interven Cardiol 1996;9:153–161)