gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internal Environmental Corrections for a New Carbon Oxygen Logging System (2003)

Abstract Modern Pulsed-Neutron Spectrometry (PNS) well logging tools produce measurements (e.g., Carbon/Oxygen (C/O) ratio, lithology (Ca/Si) ratio, elemental yields, etc) that are impacted by internal as well as external factors. The external ones are well known: porosity, lithology, borehole size, casing size, cement thickness, borehole fluid type, centering, tubing size, to name a few. These factors have been discussed extensively in the literature and will not be addressed here. Internal effects have not, however, been extensively discussed in the literature. They arise from unit-to-unit variations in component characteristics. Some examples are scintillator and photomultiplier performance, dead-time and pulse pileup effects, electronic, and analog-to-digital converter linearity. All of these will be discussed here. These internal effects generally lead to differences, from unit-to-unit, in the absolute magnitude of output quantities measured (C/O ratio, lithology ratio, for example). Fortunately, the log character (i.e. the variations with depth) is usually preserved. Unit-to-unit variability is of concern in well monitoring projects because of the likelihood that logs will be obtained with different tools (perhaps even different vendors) over the lifetime of a well. These internal effects are examined using a database of measurements made in the same zone of a single test well. The database was generated from several dozen tools; each calibrated in the same fixture. Using this database, corrective schemes were devised that minimize internal effects, thereby producing measurements that are more consistent from unit to unit. The corrective schemes are parameterized in the calibration process for each tool and applied to all log data run with that particular tool.
A 1.8GHz Digital PLL in 65nm CMOS (2011)

A 1.8GHz high-accuracy, ring-oscillator based Digital Phase Lock Loop (DPLL), suitable for Serializer-Deserializer (SERDES) applications like HDMI, eSATA and USB2.0 is presented here. Sigma-Delta (ΣΔ) dithering followed by passive filtering, along with Temperature Compensation is used to ensure frequency accuracy and low accumulated jitter, over a large temperature range. A re-circulating delay line based Time to Digital Converter (T2D) is used to handle large phase differences between the reference and feedback clocks. The DPLL is built in 65nm technology, and provides up to 1.8GHz output, with a phase noise of -87dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, and a frequency accuracy of +/-100ppm. It supports input frequencies in the range 0.7MHz to 50MHz, occupies a core area of 0.11 sq mm, and does not require external components.
23.2 A 32Gb/s bidirectional 4-channel 4pJ/b capacitively coupled link in 14nm CMOS for proximity communication (2016)

Proximity communication offers the convenience of a connector-less high-speed interface using energy-efficient mixed-signal transceivers [1-4]. Such interfaces are attractive for ultra-thin handheld/mobile devices with zero-insertion depth connectors on the periphery, modular phones, and hermetically sealed devices. Proximity communication near millimeter-range using inductive coupling is typically limited to relatively low sampling rates of <;1.25GS/s [1] due to inductor self-resonance. While interfaces using coupled transmission line (CTL) couplers are wideband (<;12GS/s) [2-3], implementations have been limited to a single-channel, which is likely due to inter-channel crosstalk. Multi-channel chip-to-chip communication using capacitive coupling has been demonstrated [4], albeit at a limited distance of 10μm. This work presents a 4-channel capacitively coupled interface (Fig. 23.2.1(a)) that supports an aggregate data-rate of 32Gb/s and up to 0.8mm air separation.
Morphologic changes and immunohistochemical detection of viral antigen in ovaries from cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (1996)

Abstract Objective To identify morphologic differences in ovaries from cows persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and determine ovarian cell types infected in these cows. Design A comparative study of ovaries in cattle persistently infected with BVDV and cattle not persistently infected with BVDV, using morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Animals 6 postpubertal cows persistently infected with BVDV and 6 postpubertal cows not persistently infected with BVDV. Procedure Ovaries were compared morphologically by counting the number of normal structures present on 3 histologic sections taken from each ovary. Immunohistochemistry was accomplished, using an indirect, monoclonal antibody-linked, avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex procedure. Results Significant ( P &lt; 0.01) decrease in the number of tertiary follicles, graafian follicles, atretic follicles, and corpus hemorrhagicum/luteum/albicans was observed in cows persistently infected with BVDV. No difference in numbers of primordial or secondary follicles was observed. Immunostaining of BVDV antigen in luteal cells and macrophage-like cells was evident in ovaries from cows persistently infected with BVDV. Conclusions Cows persistently infected with BVDV appear to have significant morphologic changes in their ovaries that suggest reduction in normal ovarian activities. Furthermore, BVDV antigen can be identified in specific ovarian cell types in cattle persistently infected with BVDV. Clinical Relevance The changes observed may reduce reproductive performance in cows persistently infected with BVDV, and may be of importance when trying to salvage valuable genetic material from persistently infected cows through embryo transfer. It is yet to be determined whether similar findings are true in cows acutely infected with BVDV. ( Am J Vet Res 1996;57:830–833)
The impact of bubbles on underwater acoustic communications in shallow water environments (2003)

Two characteristics of the acoustic channel that significantly impact the performance of underwater acoustic communications systems are the total energy throughput of the channel and the delay spread of the channel impulse response. These characteristics impact both coherent (e.g., phase shift keyed) and incoherent (e.g., frequency shift keyed) systems. Experimental data are presented from the surf zone and shallow-water environments demonstrating the impact of bubbles on these characteristics. A novel statistical analysis utilizing a variance reduction ratio is used to identify the measurable environmental variables (e.g., significant wave height) that can be used to best predict the impact of the bubbles. [Work supported by ONR Ocean Acoustics.]
Evidence for a Putatively New Angiotensin II-generating Enzyme in the Vascular Wall (1984)

An inhibitor of angiotensin I (ANG I) converting enzyme, SA446, reduced the response to ANG I of blood vessels isolated from dogs and monkeys, but did not abolish the response even at high concentrations. The residual action of ANG I in the presence of high concentrations of SA446 could be abolished by (Sar1, Ala8)-ANG II. Vascular strips and crude extracts of vessels and lungs possessed the enzymic activity generating ANG II from ANG I, or hippuric acid from hippuryl-histidyl-leucine (HHL). The HHL-hydrolysing activity of the crude extracts was completely inhibited by SA446 (10(-7) mol/l) and/or Na2-EDTA (10(-3) mol/l). However, the octapeptide generation was not abolished despite the combined treatment with SA446 (5 X 10(-4) mol/l) and Na2-EDTA (5 x 10(-3) mol/l). The residual activity forming ANG II was inhibited by chymostatin and soybean trypsin inhibitor, which however did not affect the HHL-hydrolysis. Combined treatment with SA446 (10(-5) mol/l) and chymostatin (2.5 X 10(-5) mol/l) abolished the vascular action of ANG I but did not alter the action of ANG II. These results strongly suggest that besides the ANG I converting enzyme, another enzyme which generates ANG II is present in vascular tissues and lungs, and may play an important role in the local generation of ANG II, which possibly regulates the regional vascular tone.
A Targeted Molecular Localization Imaging Method Applied to Tumor Microvasculature (2020)

These findings validated the technical feasibility of the TML method and pre-clinical feasibility for differentiating between the normal and diseased tissue states.
Spatial decorrelation of radiometric noise in SMOS measurements (2012)

This paper analyzes the degree of correlation of MIRAS/SMOS redundant baselines by analyzing the radiometric noise reduction when N simultaneous redundant visibilities over the Ocean are averaged. This analysis benefits from the high degree of redundancy that is available along each of the three arms in MIRAS “Y” shape array to verify the spatial decorrelation of SMOS visibility samples due to the Earth as an extended source of thermal radiation.
Monolayer-Protected Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles: Impacts of Stabilizing Ligands on the Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Dynamics and Voltammetric Detection (2010)

Surface electrochemistry of novel monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (MPCAuNPs) is described. Protecting ligands, (1-sulfanylundec-11-yl)tetraethylene glycol (PEG-OH) and (1-sulfanylundec-11-yl)poly(ethylene glycol)ic acid (PEG-COOH), of three different percent ratios (PEG-COOH:PEG-OH), 1:99 (MPCAuNP-COOH(1%)), 50:50 (MPCAuNP-COOH(50%)), and 99:1 (MPCAuNP-COOH(99%)), were studied. The electron transfer rate constants (k(et)/s(-1)) in organic medium decreased as the concentration of the surface-exposed -COOH group in the protecting monolayer ligand is increased: MPCAuNP-COOH(1%) (approximately 5 s(-1)) > MPCAuNP-COOH(50%) (approximately 4 s(-1)) > MPCAuNP-COOH(99%) (approximately 0.5 s(-1)). In aqueous medium, the trend is reversed. The surface pK(a) was estimated as approximately 8.2 for the MPCAuNP-COOH(1%), while both MPCAuNP-COOH(50%) and MPCAuNP-COOH(99%) showed two pK(a) values of about 5.0 and approximately 8.0. These results have been interpreted in terms of the quasi-solidity and quasi-liquidity of the terminal -OH and -COOH head groups, respectively. MPCAuNP-COOH(99%) excellently suppressed the voltammetric response of the ascorbic acid but enhanced the electrocatalytic detection of epinephrine compared to the other MPCAuNPs studied. This study reveals important factors that should be considered when designing electrode devices that employ monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles and possibly for some other redox-active metal nanoparticles.
Photochemical Reaction in a Reduced Soda‐Lime‐Silica Glass Containing Ce 3+ and As 3 (1983)

The photochemical reaction between Ce 3+ and As 3+ in a reduced 16Na 2 O. 1 1CaO.73SiO 2 glass (mol%) was examined by exposing it to an Xe or Hg arc. In addition to Ce 4+ , a paramagnetic As(II)OS center having C 2v symmetry and a trapped electron center were identified by ESR. The As(II)O defect is the origin of the unidentified ESR signal which correlates with the discoloration of a borosilicate glass developed for solar energy application .
N-acetyltransferase-2 polymorphism in Parkinson's disease: the Rotterdam study (1999)

The N-acetyltransferase-2 gene (NAT-2) has been associated with Parkinson's disease. The genotype associated with slow acetylation has been reported to be increased in patients with Parkinson's disease. Three mutant alleles M1, M2, and M3 of NAT-2 were investigated in 80 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and 161 age matched randomly selected controls from a prospective population based cohort study. The allelic frequencies and genotypic distributions in patients were very similar to those found in controls. In controls the frequency of the wild type allele increased significantly with age suggesting that the mutant alleles are associated with an increased risk of mortality. These findings suggest that NAT-2 polymorphism is not a major genetic determinant of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, but may be a determinant of mortality in the general population.
Supplementary Figures 1-2 from <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Responses of Advanced Prostate Tumors to PSMA ADC, an Auristatin-Conjugated Antibody to Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 145K&lt;/p&gt;
Heritable arrhythmias associated with abnormal function of cardiac potassium channels (2020)

Cardiomyocytes express a surprisingly large number of potassium channel types. The primary physiological functions of the currents conducted by these channels are to maintain the resting membrane potential and mediate action potential repolarization under basal conditions and in response to changes in the concentrations of intracellular sodium, calcium, and ATP/ADP. Here, we review the diversity and functional roles of cardiac potassium channels under normal conditions and how heritable mutations in the genes encoding these channels can lead to distinct arrhythmias. We briefly review atrial fibrillation and J-wave syndromes. For long and short QT syndromes, we describe their genetic basis, clinical manifestation, risk stratification, traditional and novel therapeutic approaches, as well as insights into disease mechanisms provided by animal and cellular models.
Parametric Control on Fractional-Order Response for Lü Chaotic System (2013)

This paper discusses the influence of the fractional order parameter on conventional chaotic systems. These fractional-order parameters increase the system degree of freedom allowing it to enter new domains and thus it can be used as a control for such dynamical systems. This paper investigates the behaviour of the equally-fractional-order Lü chaotic system when changing the fractional-order parameter and determines the fractional-order ranges for chaotic behaviour. Five different parameter values and six fractional-order cases are discussed through this paper. Unlike the conventional parameters, as the fractional-order increases the system response begins with stability, passing by chaotic behaviour then reaches periodic response. As the system parameter α increases, a shift in the fractional order is required to maintain chaotic response.Therefore, the range of chaotic response can be expanded or minimized by controlling the fractional-order parameter. The non-standard finite difference method is used to solve the fractional-order Lü chaotic system numerically to validate these responses.
The Effect of Polysaccharide Adsorption on Surface Potential of Phospholipid Monolayers Spread at Water–Air Interface (1990)

Abstract Surface potential measurements were performed for the systems of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC)/cholesteryl-amylopectin and egg PC/cholesteryl-pullulan. The variations of surface potential of phospholipid monolayers on injection of polysaccharide derivatives into the aqueous subphase were monitored for various surface densities of phospholipids and polysaccharide solution concentrations. At the phospholipid surface concentrations above 1014 molecules/cm2, the changes in the surface potential of monolayers were shown to be higher for amylopectin than for pullulan.
Corrosion Mitigation and Repair Coatings. (2022)

Abstract not provided.
A Quantitative Immunoassay for the Lysine-Binding Function of Lipoprotein(a) (1996)

Apo(a), the unique apoprotein of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), can express lysine-binding sites(s) (LBS). However, the LBS activity of Lp(a) is variable, and this heterogeneity may influence its pathogenetic properties. An LBS-Lp(a) immunoassay has been developed to quantitatively assess the LBS function of Lp(a). Lp(a) within a sample is captured with an immobilized monoclonal antibody specific for apo(a), and the captured Lp(a) is reacted with an antibody specific for functional LBS. The binding of this LBS-specific antibody is then quantified by using an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated disclosing antibody. The critical LBS-specific antibody was raised to kringle 4 of plasminogen. When applied to plasma samples, the LBS activity of Lp(a) ranged from 0% to 100% of an isolated reference Lp(a); the signal corresponded to the percent retention of Lp(a) on a lysine-Sepharose but did not correlate well with total Lp(a) levels in plasma. Mutation of residues in the putative LBS in the carboxy-terminal kringle 4 repeat (K4-37) in an eight-kringle apo(a) construct resulted in marked but not complete loss of activity in the LBS-Lp(a) immunoassay. These data suggest that this kringle is the major but not the sole source of LBS activity in apo(a). The LBS-Lp(a) immunoassay should prove to be a useful tool in establishing the role of the LBS in the pathogenicity of Lp(a).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Entry to 5a‐Carba‐hexopyranoses from Carbohydrates Based on a 6‐exo‐dig Radical Cyclization: Synthesis of 5a‐Carba‐β‐D‐mannopyranose Pentaacetate. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Novel Well Flow-Control Valve for Flexible Well Completion and Application in Commingled Production of Oil and Gas in West Africa (2016)

ABSTRACT This paper presents the development, qualification and field trial of a novel well flow valve that delivers unlimited zonal selectivity in single skin lower completion without the use of control lines. Control lines have limitations and risks due to complexity during deployment, restrictions on the number of zones, complications with liner hanger feed thru and associated wet connects. It is desirable to remove the control lines whilst maintaining the functionality of multi zone, variable choke flow control. The well flow valve is a full-bore, reliable and robust mechanically operated sleeve, qualified in accordance with ISO14998 including multiple open/close cycles, at a sustained unloading pressure of 1,500 psi, with highly customizable flow ports. The need for such a solution was identified by an operator in West Africa. The well objective was elevated from a gas producer to a well that required the flexibility to produce gas or oil with gas lift capability. The well flow valve was selected and required on site variable choke capability for both oil and gas production, with choke position verification, ability to handle dirty gas production without risk of plugging, compliant with a high rate and high pressure proppant frac along with ease of operation and long term reliability. The field trial included a high pressure proppant frac in the oil zone. In the shallower gas zone, three well flow valves were used to deliver variable choking capability from maximum gas flow rate with minimal delta P adjusting down to a choke size suitable for gas lift. The well flow valves were operated using a high expansion shifting key conveyed on eline through the 3 ½" production tubing. The shifting key expanded in the 4 ½" lower completion to open/close individually all the well flow valves in a single trip. Incorporating this new product overcame the challenges presented and met the objective of commingled production of oil and gas. The well flow control valve demonstrated flexibility through design, supply chain, manufacturing, and operations. This paper will also outline the future road map covering further developments of the well flow valve and its incorporation into an enhanced flexible lower liner solution aimed at lowering well completion costs and risks.
Tandem Carbocupration/Oxygenation of Terminal Alkynes (2005)

[chemical reaction: see text]. A direct and general synthesis of alpha-branched aldehydes and their enol derivatives is described. Carbocupration of terminal alkynes and subsequent oxygenation with lithium tert-butyl peroxide generates a metallo-enolate. Trapping with various electrophiles provides alpha-branched aldehydes or stereo-defined trisubstituted enol esters or silyl ethers. The tandem carbocupration/oxygenation tolerates alkyl and silyl ethers, esters, and tertiary amines. The reaction is effective with organocopper complexes derived from primary, secondary, and tertiary Grignard reagents and from n-butyllithium.
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Access Line Information Attribute Value Pair (AVP) Extensions (2009)

This document describes a set of Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
Attribute Value Pair (AVP) Vendor extensions designed to carry the
Access Line information which is not currently available by the
existing L2TP AVP set. It is expected that this document will be
updated if and when new line information is available, since its
primary purpose is to provide a reference for DSL equipment Vendors
wishing to interoperate with other Vendors' products.
Data from Signaling and Transcriptional Changes Critical for Transformation of Human Cells by Simian Virus 40 Small Tumor Antigen or Protein Phosphatase 2A B56γ Knockdown (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;One set of genes sufficient for transformation of primary human cells uses the combination of Ha-Ras-V12, the telomerase catalytic subunit hTERT, SV40 large tumor antigen (LT), and SV40 small tumor antigen (ST). Whereas SV40 LT inactivates the retinoblastoma protein and p53, the contribution of ST is poorly understood. The essential helper function of ST requires a functional interaction with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Here we have identified changes in gene expression induced by ST and show that ST mediates these changes through both PP2A-dependent and PP2A-independent mechanisms. Knockdown of PP2A B56γ subunit can substitute for ST expression to fully transform cells expressing LT, hTERT, and Ras-V12. We also identify those genes affected similarly in two cell lines that have been fully transformed from a common parental line by two alternative mechanisms, namely ST expression or PP2A B56γ subunit knockdown. ST altered expression of genes involved in proliferation, apoptosis, integrin signaling, development, immune responses, and transcriptional regulation. ST reduced surface expression of MHC class I molecules, consistent with a need for SV40 to evade immune detection. ST expression enabled cell cycle progression in reduced serum and src phosphorylation in anchorage-independent media, whereas B56γ knockdown required normal serum levels for these phenotypes. Inhibitors of integrin and src signaling prevented anchorage-independent growth of transformed cells, suggesting that integrin and src activation are key ST-mediated events in transformation. Our data support a model in which ST promotes survival through constitutive integrin signaling, src phosphorylation, and nuclear factor κB activation, while inhibiting cell-cell adhesion pathways.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;