gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Synthesis of δ‐Chloro‐β‐amino‐N‐sulfinyl Imidates as Versatile Chiral Building Blocks for the Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Piperidines (2015)

Abstract Mannich‐type reactions of chiral δ‐chloro‐ N ‐ tert ‐butanesulfinyl‐substituted imidates across N ‐sulfonyl aldimines resulted in the efficient and anti ‐stereoselective synthesis of new β‐(sulfonylamino)‐ N ‐sulfinyl imidates ( dr &gt; 99:1). These compounds were then successfully cyclized to give 2‐aryl‐ N ‐sulfonylpiperidine‐3‐( N ‐sulfinyl)carbimidates in high yields. These proved to be useful intermediates for the synthesis of chiral methyl 2‐arylpiperidine‐3‐carboxylates as well as cis ‐3‐amino‐2‐aryl‐ N ‐sulfonylpiperidines.
Visual Cryptography II: Improving the Contrast Via the Cover Base. (1996)

In Eurocrypt 1994 we proposed a a new type of cryptographic scheme, which can decode concealed images without any cryptographic computations, by placing two transparencies on top of each other and using the decoder's (human) visual systems. One of the drawback of that proposal was a loss in contrast: a black pixel is translated in the reconstruction into a black region, but a white pixel is translated into a grey region (half black and half white). In this paper we propose am alternative model for reconstruction with a different set of operation (which we call the “Cover” semi-group) is proposed. In this model we are able to obtain a better contrast than is possible in the previous one.
Project Development (2018)

This chapter illustrates the different stages of project development through four representative case studies: two based on wave energy conversion technologies and two on tidal energy conversion. It brings together device design, array planning, policy, regulation and economics, together with detailed discussions of technical aspects (e.g. access and deployment strategies, installation, and reliability and maintenance) and non-technical aspects (e.g. planning, economic assessment and externalities, financing). The chapter first describes the development stream turbine developed in the UK and then explores the Seabased wave energy converter from Uppsala University in Sweden. It also discusses the Lake Sihwa tidal power plant of Korea and the Spanish Mutriku wave energy plant. Onshore testing under real sea conditions provides developers with invaluable and incomparable information prior to deploying their devices at sea, and could help to reduce the final cost of the energy considerably. Ultimately, this remains one of the primary and basic objectives for the marine energy sector.
Activating mutations in genes related to TCR signaling in angioimmunoblastic and other follicular helper T-cell–derived lymphomas (2016)

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and other lymphomas derived from follicular T-helper cells (TFH) represent a large proportion of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) with poorly understood pathogenesis and unfavorable treatment results. We investigated a series of 85 patients with AITL (n = 72) or other TFH-derived PTCL (n = 13) by targeted deep sequencing of a gene panel enriched in T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling elements. RHOA mutations were identified in 51 of 85 cases (60%) consisting of the highly recurrent dominant negative G17V variant in most cases and a novel K18N in 3 cases, the latter showing activating properties in in vitro assays. Moreover, half of the patients carried virtually mutually exclusive mutations in other TCR-related genes, most frequently in PLCG1 (14.1%), CD28 (9.4%, exclusively in AITL), PI3K elements (7%), CTNNB1 (6%), and GTF2I (6%). Using in vitro assays in transfected cells, we demonstrated that 9 of 10 PLCG1 and 3 of 3 CARD11 variants induced MALT1 protease activity and increased transcription from NFAT or NF-κB response element reporters, respectively. Collectively, the vast majority of variants in TCR-related genes could be classified as gain-of-function. Accordingly, the samples with mutations in TCR-related genes other than RHOA had transcriptomic profiles enriched in signatures reflecting higher T-cell activation. Although no correlation with presenting clinical features nor significant impact on survival was observed, the presence of TCR-related mutations correlated with early disease progression. Thus, targeting of TCR-related events may hold promise for the treatment of TFH-derived lymphomas.
Endoscopic Factors in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Dysplasia in Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2005)

Our results show that the practice of surveillance colonoscopy varies greatly among endoscopists, and longer procedure duration is significantly associated with the likelihood of dysplasia diagnosis.
Design Concepts for a Collapsing Turned-Down Guardrail (1995)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For many years, turned-down guardrail terminals have been constructed as a safety treatment for W-beam guardrails. This terminal is designed to drop down and allow vehicles impacting the end of the barrier to slowly ride up onto the guardrail and come to a controlled stop. However, testing has indicated that the rail element does not always release properly, thereby causing mini-size vehicles to rollover. This research study involved the development of several retrofit concepts for the turned-down guardrail terminal. The primary focus of this effort involved the development of a mechanism that allows the W-beam rail element to release at a lower force and thereby improve its performance during small car impacts. The major focus of this paper is to share the complicated modeling effort required for successful simulation of the vehicle-guardrail impact and its' redesign.&lt;/div&gt;
On Symmetric Gauss-Seidel ADMM Algorithm for $\mathcal{H}_\infty$ Guaranteed Cost Control with Convex Parameterization (2020)

This paper involves the innovative development of a symmetric Gauss-Seidel ADMM algorithm to solve the H-infinity guaranteed cost control problem. In the presence of parametric uncertainties, the H-infinity guaranteed cost control problem generally leads to the large-scale optimization. This is due to the exponential growth of the number of the extreme systems involved with respect to the number of parametric uncertainties. In this work, through a variant of the Youla-Kucera parameterization, the stabilizing controllers are parameterized in a convex set; yielding the outcome that the H-infinity guaranteed cost control problem is converted to a convex optimization problem. Based on an appropriate re-formulation using the Schur complement, it then renders possible the use of the ADMM algorithm with symmetric Gauss-Seidel backward and forward sweeps. Significantly, this approach alleviates the often-times prohibitively heavy computational burden typical in many H-infinity optimization problems while exhibiting good convergence guarantees, which is particularly essential for the related large-scale optimization procedures involved. With this approach, the desired robust stability is ensured, and the disturbance attenuation is maintained at the minimum level in the presence of parametric uncertainties. Rather importantly too, with the attained effectiveness, the methodology thus evidently possesses extensive applicability in various important controller synthesis problems, such as decentralized control, sparse control, and output feedback control problems.
THE ROLE OF POWDER PACKING IN SINTERING (1986)

The densification of powder compacts, containing larger pores in a fine grain, homogeneous matrix, is considered. Homogenization of the porous microstructure is possible in the intermediate stage of densification due to grain growth driven coalescence of the finer pores, while the coarser pores grow less. The conditions are identified for which homogeneity can be achieved at the end of the intermediate stage. It is found that for finer powders the initial packing perfection, normalized to the grain size, has to increase rapidly. The effects of temperature and the relative merits of monodispersed versus multidispersed powders are also discussed.
Beamsteering on Mobile Devices: Network Capacity and Client Efficiency (2010)

Current and emerging mobile devices are omni directional in wireless communication. Such omni directionality not only limits device energy efficiency but also poses a significant challenge toward the capacity of wireless networks through inter-link interference. In this work, we seek to make mobile clients directional with beamsteering. We first demonstrate that beamsteering is already feasible to mobile devices such as Netbooks and eBook readers in terms of form factor, power efficiency, and device mobility. We further reveal that beamsteering mobile clients face a unique challenge to balance client efficiency and network capacity. There is an optimal operating point for a beamsteering mobile client in terms of the number of antennas and transmit power that achieve the required capacity with lowest power. Finally, we provide a distributed algorithm called BeamAdapt that allows each client to closely approach its optimal point iteratively without central coordination. We also offer a cellular system realization of BeamAdapt. Using Qualnet-based simulation, we show that BeamAdapt with four antennas can reduce client power consumption by 55% while maintaining a required network throughput for a large-scale network, compared to the same network with omni directional mobile clients.
Mediastinal mass: a mystery of two rounded chambers (2015)

A 65-year-old woman with aortic and mitral mechanical prosthetic valves presented with right-sided chest pain. Nine months prior, coronary artery bypass grafting was performed for significant ostial right coronary artery (RCA) and obtuse marginal stenoses. Due to bleeding from the proximal anastomosis of the saphenous vein graft (SVG) to the RCA, urgent sternotomy for repair was required. A subsequent chest radiograph showed a small, rounded structure in the right mediastinum near the aortic arch.

On presentation, a chest radiograph showed a nodular opacity in the right anterior mediastinum adjacent …
Switching Dynamics and Hot Atom Damage in Landau Switches (2016)

Among the various sub-60 mV/decade transistors proposed to reduce the supply voltage (and thereby, power dissipation) of an integrated circuit, a Landau switch achieves this goal by amplifying the gate voltage by replacing the gate dielectric (DE) with a ferroelectric (FE) that exhibits negative capacitance. The subthreshold swing (S) and power dissipation are indeed reduced, but one wonders if switching speed would suffer at the low operating voltage, and if the reliability would degrade due to polarization switching. Based on the coupled kinetics of FE-DE switching, and using the existing experimental data for the FE properties in doped HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , we predict that an FE Landau transistor would switch as fast as and would be more robust to hot atom damage-induced ac reliability degradation observed in the FE memory. These results encourage sustained development of this technology option.
The influence of drug interval on the effect of methotrexate and fluorouracil in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. (1991)

The importance of the interval between methotrexate (MTX) and fluorouracil (5-FU) was studied in 168 patients with previously untreated, measurable, advanced colorectal cancer. They were randomized to receive MTX 200 mg/m2, followed by 5-FU 600 mg/m2 either 24 hours (arm A) or 1 hour (arm B) after MTX. All patients received leucovorin (LV) 24 hours after MTX, 10 mg/m2 orally every 6 hours for six doses. The regimen was repeated every 2 weeks, with 5-FU escalation as tolerated. Arm A was significantly better than arm B with respect to overall response rate (29% v 14.5%, P = .026), time to progression (TTP; median, 9.9 months v 5.9 months, P = .009), and survival (median, 15.3 months v 11.4 months, P = .003). Significant differences between arms were not found in response rate, median TTP, or median survival for the subgroup of patients with rectal primaries who comprised 20% of the patients in each arm. Significant factors prognostic for survival were performance status and number of metastases, as well as treatment. Age did not influence survival. Toxicity was similar in both arms and was primarily gastrointestinal. More mucositis was seen in arm A. There were four toxic deaths secondary to neutropenia and infection (one from arm A and three from arm B) and three other deaths (two from arm A and one from arm B) that were possibly drug-related. The combination of MTX with LV rescue and 5-FU is an active regimen in advanced colorectal cancer; its efficacy is increased in colon, but not rectal cancer, when the interval between MTX and 5-FU is long (24 hours) rather than short (1 hour).
Succinic acid production from forest based raw materials (2008)

Lignocellulosic biomass and particularly hemicellulose from the forest products industry represents a large reservoir of sugars with the potential to be converted to higher value products through b ...
The Aleatoric Uncertainty Estimation Using a Separate Formulation with Virtual Residuals (2021)

We propose a new optimization framework for aleatoric uncertainty estimation in regression problems. Existing methods can quantify the error in the target estimation, but they tend to underestimate it. To obtain the predictive uncertainty inherent in an observation, we propose a new separable formulation for the estimation of a signal and of its uncertainty, avoiding the effect of overfitting. By decoupling target estimation and uncertainty estimation, we also control the balance between signal estimation and uncertainty estimation. We conduct three types of experiments: regression with simulation data, age estimation, and depth estimation. We demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms a state-of-the-art technique for signal and uncertainty estimation.
DNA-Modified Plasmonic Sensor for the Direct Detection of Virus Biomarkers from the Blood (2021)

The rapid spread of viral infections demands early detection strategies to minimize proliferation of the disease. Here, we demonstrate a plasmonic biosensor to detect Dengue virus, which was chosen as a model, via its nonstructural protein NS1 biomarker. The sensor is functionalized with a synthetic single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide and provides high affinity toward NS1 protein present in the virus genome. We demonstrate the detection of NS1 protein at a concentration of 0.1-10 μg/mL in bovine blood using an on-chip microfluidic plasma separator integrated with the plasmonic sensor which covers the clinical threshold of 0.6 μg/mL of high risk of developing Dengue hemorrhagic fever. The conceptual and practical demonstration shows the translation feasibility of these microfluidic optical biosensors for early detection of a wide range of viral infections, providing a rapid clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases directly from minimally processed biological samples at point of care locations.
User Scheduling for Coordinated Dual Satellite Systems with Linear\n Precoding (2012)

The constantly increasing demand for interactive broadband satellite\ncommunications is driving current research to explore novel system\narchitectures that reuse frequency in a more aggressive manner. To this end,\nthe topic of dual satellite systems, in which satellites share spatial (i.e.\nsame coverage area) and spectral (i.e. full frequency reuse) degrees of freedom\nis introduced. In each multibeam satellite, multiuser interferences are\nmitigated by employing zero forcing precoding with realistic per antenna power\nconstraints. However, the two sets of users that the transmitters are\nseparately serving, interfere. The present contribution, proposes the partial\ncooperation, namely coordination between the two coexisting transmitters in\norder to reduce interferences and enhance the performance of the whole system,\nwhile maintaining moderate system complexity. In this direction, a heuristic,\niterative, low complexity algorithm that allocates users in the two interfering\nsets is proposed. This novel algorithm, improves the performance of each\nsatellite and of the overall system, simultaneously. The first is achieved by\nmaximizing the orthogonality between users allocated in the same set, hence\noptimizing the zero forcing performance, whilst the second by minimizing the\nlevel of interferences between the two sets. Simulation results show that the\nproposed method, compared to conventional techniques, significantly increases\nspectral efficiency.\n
A liquid crystal tunable polarization filters for polarization imaging (2008)

We report a new familiy of polarimetric imaging cameras based on tunable liquid crystal components. Our camera designs use a dual frequency liquid crystal tunable filter that rotates the polarization of incoming light, in front of a single linear polarizer. The unique features of this approach include fast switching speed, high transmission throughput, no mechanical moving parts, broad bandwidth, high contrast ratio, wide viewing angle, and compact/monolithic architecture. This paper discusses these tunable liquid crystal polarimetric imaging camera architectures (time division, amplitude division), the benefits of our design, the analysis of laboratory and field data, and the applicability of polarization signatures in imaging.
A 71–86-GHz Phased Array Transceiver Using Wideband Injection-Locked Oscillator Phase Shifters (2017)

This paper presents the first phased array transceiver operating from 71 to 86 GHz using injection-locked oscillators (ILOs) for phase shifting. A folded-cascode ILO is proposed to extend the locking range of an array of oscillators. Frequency multiplication covers a 10-GHz tuning range with 23-dB power gain. Each ILO path covers more than ±300° and exhibits low amplitude variation with respect to phase shift range (<;1 dB) and excellent isolation and amplitude error (<;0.5 dB) between array elements. A wideband, bidirectional RF front end delivers 10-dBm maximum output power with more than 20-dB conversion gain over the 3-dB bandwidth in the transmit (TX) mode and a minimum 9.5-dB noise figure with more than 20-dB conversion gain in the receive (RX) mode. Low phase noise is demonstrated in the ILO approach over the phase tuning range with -112 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset and phase noise variation for different phase shift states under 2.5 dB, corresponding to less than 2° phase error. Array patterns demonstrate the wide scan range, and dynamic measurements show that the transmitter supports up to 6-Gb/s data rate with 256 QAM. The chip has 3.4 × 2.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area implementing in the 90-nm BiCMOS technology and consuming 386.4 mW in the TX mode and 286 mW in the RX mode per element.
Selective labelling of Cys-10 on actin. (1986)

Conditions are described for the selective modification of Cys-10 on actin achieved following the blocking of the more reactive Cys-374. Labelling of Cys-10 did not affect the formation of actin filaments. This residue should be capable of serving as a site for fluorescence donors or acceptors and thus will be a useful locus to probe F-actin structure.
Integrating databases and workflow systems (2005)

There has been an information explosion in fields of science such as high energy physics, astronomy, environmental sciences and biology. There is a critical need for automated systems to manage scientific applications and data. Database technology is well-suited to handle several aspects of workflow management. Contemporary workflow systems are built from multiple, separately developed components and do not exploit the full power of DBMSs in handling data of large magnitudes. We advocate a holistic view of a WFMS that includes not only workflow modeling but planning, scheduling, data management and cluster management. Thus, it is worthwhile to explore the ways in which databases can be augmented to manage workflows in addition to data. We present a language for modeling workflows that is tightly integrated with SQL. Each scientific program in a workflow is associated with an active table or view. The definition of data products is in relational format, and invocation of programs and querying is done in SQL. The tight coupling between workflow management and data-manipulation is an advantage for data-intensive scientific programs.
Tissue-specific complement inhibition by antibody-Complement Regulatory Protein (CRP) fusions utilizing Therapeutic Autoimmune reguLatOry proteiN (TALON™) platform (2021)

Abstract The complement system plays a major role in humoral innate immunity. Upon activation, complement proteins trigger a cascade of enzymatic events leading to the production of inflammatory mediators and membrane attack complexes. Tight regulation of complement proteins is essential for immune homeostasis due to their potency and abundance in fluid phase. Complement Regulatory Proteins (CRPs) that are membrane-bound (e.g., CD59), or in fluid phase (e.g., Factor H), prevent aberrant activation of complement pathways against self and mitigate autoimmunity. The importance of CRPs is underscored by the finding that genetic variations in the CRPs can lead to autoimmune diseases such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) characterized by the lysis of host red blood cells from dysregulated complement system. Systemic complement inhibition via anti-C5 antibody has clinically been shown to benefit some patients with complement-mediated disorders, but the therapy requires a high, frequent dosing scheme and supplemental vaccinations to compensate for systemic immunosuppression. In addition, other diseases such as C3 glomerulopathy affect specific tissues and involve pathways beyond C5, limiting treatment options. To this end, local immunomodulation through targeted delivery of CRPs to specific tissues is an attractive strategy to restore homeostasis in complement-mediated autoimmune diseases while circumventing the need for high dose systemic inhibition of complement factors. Here, we present a proof-of-concept study for the design, generation, and evaluation of tissue-tethering antibodies fused with CRPs. Also, we demonstrate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tissue-targeting CRP fusions in mouse models.
Volcano dome dynamics at Mount St. Helens: Deformation and intermittent subsidence monitored by seismicity and camera imagery pixel offsets (2015)

Author: Salzer, J. T. et al.; Genre: Journal Article; Finally published : 2016; Open Access; Title: Volcano dome dynamics at Mount St. Helens: Deformation and intermittent subsidence monitored by seismicity and camera imagery pixel offsets
Discovery of 5-{2-[5-Chloro-2-(5-ethoxyquinoline-8-sulfonamido)phenyl]ethynyl}-4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylic Acid, a Highly Selective in Vivo Useable Chemical Probe to Dissect MCT4 Biology (2021)

Due to increased lactate production during glucose metabolism, tumor cells heavily rely on efficient lactate transport to avoid intracellular lactate accumulation and acidification. Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4/SLC16A3) is a lactate transporter that plays a central role in tumor pH modulation. The discovery and optimization of a novel class of MCT4 inhibitors (hit <b>9a</b>), identified by a cellular screening in MDA-MB-231, is described. Direct target interaction of the optimized compound <b>18n</b> with the cytosolic domain of MCT4 was shown after solubilization of the GFP-tagged transporter by fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy and microscopic studies. In vitro treatment with <b>18n</b> resulted in lactate efflux inhibition and reduction of cellular viability in MCT4 high expressing cells. Moreover, pharmacokinetic properties of <b>18n</b> allowed assessment of lactate modulation and antitumor activity in a mouse tumor model. Thus, <b>18n</b> represents a valuable tool for investigating selective MCT4 inhibition and its effect on tumor biology.