gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clues to the multi-phasic inhibitory action of botulinum neurotoxins on release of transmitters. (1990)

1. With the aim of gaining insight into the mechanism of Ca2(+)-dependent secretion, inhibition of transmitter release by botulinum neurotoxins or their fragments was studied at mammalian motor nerve terminals, cerebrocortical synaptosomes and PC-12 cells. 2. Relative to BoNT type A, the feeble neuromuscular paralytic activity of its two chains and the lack of activity observed with a proteolytic fragment, H2L (lacking H1, the C-terminal half of the heavy chain) highlight a requirement of the intact, disulphide-linked dichain protein for efficient targetting (binding/uptake) to peripheral cholinergic nerve endings. 3. In PC-12 cells, the renatured light chain alone proved equally potent as the whole toxin in reducing Ca2(+)-evoked noradrenaline release, when digitonin-permeabilization was used to overcome the uptake barrier. Treatment of BoNT A with 10 mM dithiothreitol, under non-denaturing conditions, was not very effective in reducing its inter-chain disulphide bond(s) and had little influence on the level of inhibition seen. 4. Altering the intra-synaptosomal concentrations of cyclic nucleotides (c-AMP, c-GMP) or protein kinase C activity failed to affect the reduction of Ca2(+)-dependent K(+)-stimulated noradrenaline release caused by BoNT A or B. On the other hand, raising the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration with the ionophore A23187 reversed the inhibitory effect of BoNT A to a greater extent than that of type B, revealing differences in their actions. 5. Whereas BoNT-induced decrease of Ca2(+)-dependent K(+)-evoked release of noradrenaline was unaffected by destruction of the actin-based cytoskeleton in synaptosomes with cytochalasin D, disassembly of microtubules with colchicine, nocodazole or griseofulvin antagonised the intracellular action of type B but not A. It is speculated that BoNT B blocks transmitter release by interfering with the proposed detachment of synaptic vesicles from microtubules. Establishing the precise involvement of tubulin in the toxin's action may provide a valuable clue to the mechanism of neurotransmitter release or its control.
Assembly of the prothrombinase complex on fibroblast surface, promoted by TSP1, results in cytokine release and CTGF upregulation (2010)

Activated factor X (FXa) and thrombin can upregulate the gene expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on fibroblasts. Since TF is expressed on fibroblasts, we hypothesized that fibroblasts may assemble the prothrombinase complex leading to CTGF upregulation. In addition, the effect of thrombospondin‐1 (TSP1) was evaluated. HS‐68 fibroblasts were incubated with purified FVII, FX, FV, FII and Ca++ in the presence and absence of TSP1 and generation of FXa and thrombin assessed with chromogenic substrates. SMAD pathway phosphorylation was detected via Western‐blot analysis. Pre‐incubation of FVII with fibroblasts lead to its activation by cell‐surface expressed TF, which in turn in the presence of FX, FV, FII and Ca++ lead to the generation of FXa (9.7 ± 0.8 nM) and thrombin (7.9 ± 0.04 U/mL x10‐3). Addition of TSP1 significantly enhanced thrombin generation (23.3 ± 0.7 U/mL x10‐3 p&lt;0.05) but not FXa generation (8.5 ± 0.6 nM). FXa and thrombin generation lead to upregulation of CTGF. Interestingly TSP1 alone upregulated CTGF, TNFα and IL‐6. The upregulation of CTGF and IL‐6 was mediated via the TGFβ pathway as judged by phosphorylation of the SMAD pathway, which was blocked by a TGFβI receptor antagonist. FXa and thrombin‐ induced upregulation of CTGF was not blocked by TGFβI receptor antagonist. This mechanism may play an important role in human diseases associated with fibrosis and with atherosclerosis.
The cytological features of CAR(T) cells (2016)

A 57-year-old man with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) refractory to immunochemotherapy and ibrutinib was treated with genetically modified autologous T cells directed against CD19 (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells vs CD19 = CART19, CTL019). These T cells were lentivirus-transduced to express a construct containing an anti-CD19 specific chimeric receptor with domains of the CD3 zeta chain and CD137 costimulatory receptor. On day 10 of the CTL019 infusion, the WBC was 0·5 × 109/l with 82% lymphocytes, 9% segmented neutrophils, 9% monocytes, haemoglobin concentration 109 g/l and platelet count 16 × 109/l. A Wright-Giemsa-stained peripheral blood film (top panels, bottom left) showed c. 40% large atypical lymphocytes with irregular nuclei, variably condensed chromatin and abundant cytoplasm with occasional prominent granules. To the uninitiated - that is, without the appropriate clinical history - these cells might have been interpreted as a non-specific viral response or perhaps raised concern about a possible large cell transformation of the CLL, although the latter would not be a serious consideration to an astute morphologist. Indeed, flow cytometry (bottom right: x axis, CD3; y axis, anti-idiotype antibody specific for CTL019) illustrated that they were in fact CTL019 cells; no B cells were present. It is important to be aware of the morphology of circulating CTL019 cells, which demonstrates their unsurprising activated (‘atypical’) features, with passing resemblance to the non-specifically activated T cells seen in some infections but which might possibly be inadvertently misinterpreted as indicating transformed neoplastic cells. This case highlights the need to be aware of potential mimics of neoplasia in this era of cellular immunotherapy.
Predictive modeling with high-dimensional data streams: an on-line variable selection approach (2009)

International audience
Advanced prototyping tools for project- and problem-based learning (2002)

A new approach in prototyping for project- and problem-based learning is achieved by using the new Total Development Environment concept introduced by dSPACE that allows a full visual block-oriented programming of dynamic real-time systems to be achieved using the Matlab/Simulink environment. A new laboratory called Flexible Drives System Laboratory (FDSL) as well as a matrix-converter controller which both are using dSPACE prototyping tools are described in this paper.
Collagen fiber sliding during ligament growth and contracture (1998)

It is hypothesized that the sliding of collagen fibers past one another plays an important role in changes of ligament length during growth or contracture. To explore this possibility, we used the fluorescent dye dichlorotriazinyl fluorescein to stain collagen fibers perpendicular to their orientation in a rat medial collateral ligament model. Growth, contracture, and control models (with rats weighing 50-75 g in the first and 500-600 g in the latter two groups) were studied. In the contracture model, the medial collateral ligament was transected distally. Marking sutures were used to verify the presence of growth or contracture in each medial collateral ligament. Fluorescence photomicrography after 2 weeks demonstrated stained collagen fibers protruding from either side of the original mark as one would expect, in either growth or contracture, if the fibers slid past one another and away from their initial location during changes in length. By measuring the initial and final widths of the growth and contracture model marks and correlating them to controls that had minimal growth (rats grow throughout their life) and were free of contracture, we have provided evidence that collagen sliding plays a significant role in changes in ligament length.
Experimental demonstration of optical performance monitoring for RZ-DPSK signals using delay-tap sampling method (2008)

The emerging transparent optical networks, employing spectrally-efficient modulation formats require new methods for supervision of signal quality in the optical domain. In this paper we demonstrate the optical performance monitoring (OPM) of optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and chromatic dispersion (CD) in return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) signals using asynchronous delay-tap sampling and pattern recognition algorithms. We experimentally show noise measurement of OSNR from 8.7 dB to 32 dB with low optical input power requirement. Moreover, residual CD can be evaluated in the range from -600 to +600 ps/nm. The results indicate that careful adjustment of delay is necessary in order to ensure accurate measurement.
Intra- and intermolecular events direct the propeptide-mediated maturation of the Candida albicans secreted aspartic proteinase Sap1p (2000)

Pathogenic yeasts of the genus Candida secrete aspartic proteinases (Sap) which are synthesized as preproenzymes. Expression of the C. albicans SAP1 gene lacking the propeptide-coding region in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris does not lead to the secretion of the enzyme into the culture supernatant, but results in an accumulation of recombinant protein in the cell. Co-expression in this system of the unattached propeptide from Sap1p, as well as from other Saps, restored Sap1p secretion. A deletion analysis revealed that only a 12 aa sequence in the propeptide, corresponding to a highly conserved region in all Sap propeptides, was necessary and sufficient to produce a large amount of Sap1p in culture supernatant. No Sap1p was secreted when Sap1p was produced with a propeptide carrying an F to D mutation in the identified 12 aa sequence. However, the simultaneous production of equivalent amounts of Sap1p and His-tagged Sap1p (H(6)-Sap1p) with a mutated and a non-mutated propeptide, respectively, led to the secretion of both proteins in a ratio of approximately 1:2. The restoration of Sap1p secretion occurred at the expense of secretion of H(6)-Sap1p since the total activity was comparable to that of strains producing only H(6)-Sap1p with a non-mutated propeptide. In contrast, the proteolytic activity of strains secreting Sap1p and H(6)-Sap1p both with a functional propeptide was twice that of strains producing either Sap1p or H(6)-Sap1p alone, and the two enzymes were found in an equivalent amount in the culture supernatant. Altogether, these results show that the propeptide can only function once and that the maturation of recombinant C. albicans secreted aspartic proteinase Sap1p is directed through a combination of intra- and inter-molecular pathways.
Carpentier-Edwards Bioprosthesis: Structural Deterioration by Age Groups (1997)

The Carpentier-Edwards supra-annular porcine bioprosthesis (second generation prosthesis) was implanted in 2438 patients in 2482 operations between 1982 and 1992. The mean age of the population was 64 years with a range from 21 years to 89 years. There were 1334 aortic and 934 mitral valve replacements. The population was divided into five groups: 21 to 40 years (n = 132); 41 to 50 years (n = 189); 51 to 60 years (n = 454); 61 to 70 years (n = 849); and over 70 years (n = 858). There was no difference in sunival by valve position for age groups 21 to 40 years and 41 to 50 years. Sunival within the age groups 51 to 60 years, 61 to 70 years, and over 70 years was greater for patients with aortic compared with mitral and multiple valve replacements. The freedom from structural valve deterioration at 10 years for all age groups was highest for valves in the aortic position. Patients with valves in the mitral position had a higher freedom from structural valve deterioration at 10 years than those who had multiple valve replacement, although not all the differences were significant. There was a lower incidence of structural valve deterioration in the older age groups. We concluded that the use of the Carpentier-Edwards supra-annular porcine bioprosthesis for aortic valve replacement can be extended to patients over 60 years of age, while its use for mitral valve replacement can be extended to those above 70 years of age.
Vibration and Noise Reduction of Household Refrigerator Using Modal Component Synthesis Technique (1988)

Csing modal component synthesis method, a new design approach to suppress the transm i t.ted noise w househo 1 d refrigerator is pres en ted.And this method 1s applied to design new type household refrigerator.As the result.the aroustic radiation effictency of bed plate has decreased by 10 dB(A) and noise level has been suppressed more than 3 dB(A) compared with the conventional product.
A Study of Connectivity and Baffles in a Deepwater Gulf of Mexico Reservoir Linking Downhole Fluid Analysis and Geophysics (2017)

Abstract Reservoir architecture and the size and reservoir quality of producing bodies remain a central concern particularly in deepwater. In this case study, high-quality seismic imaging delineated the sand bodies and an intervening shale break between two stacked sands. Wireline evaluation in each well consisted of advanced DFA (Downhole Fluid Analysis), formation sampling and pressure measurements, borehole imaging and petrophysics. Reservoir fluid geodynamic analysis of Wireline asphaltene gradient measurements indicate that each sand body is laterally connected and that the shale break could be a baffle. Geodynamic analysis of reservoir architecture employing seismic analysis and wellbore imaging and petrophysical logging concludes the same. All other PVT and geochemical data are compatible with this assessment; nevertheless, the DFA-measured asphaltene gradients are shown to be superior to all other fluid measurements to determine reservoir architecture. The concurrence of high-resolution seismic imaging with advanced wireline for both formation and reservoir fluid geodynamics enables building robust geologic models populated with the accurate fluid structures of the reservoir. History matching months of production match most probable reservoir realizations which are now the basis of reservoir simulation. Future exploration with step-out wells are being optimized with this powerful workflow.
Chronic inflammation-induced senescence impairs immunomodulatory properties of synovial fluid mesenchymal stem cells in rheumatoid arthritis (2021)

We conclude that a chronic RA inflammatory milieu affects the MSC potential. Therefore, this work addresses the importance of understanding MSC characteristics during disease states prior to their application in patients.
Multicast enabled Home Network using PIM-SSBIDIR and HNCP (2014)

This document specifies a possible solution enabling multicast routing
in a home network. It relies on the Source-Specific Bidirectional
variant of the Protocol Independent Multicast routing protocol (PIM-
SSBIDIR). HNCP is used to elect the Rendezvous Point address and a
Proxy Controller connected to the Rendezvous Point Link. Additionally,
PIM-SSBIDIR routers behavior is slightly modified on the Rendezvous
Point Link so that the Proxy Controller may know the home-wide
subscription state. Note that this document defines one single working
solution to the stated problem: Inputs regarding other possibilities
are welcome.
Artificial Thickening of a Transonic Boundary Layer in the Presence of a Pressure Gradient Associated with a Boundary Layer Ingestion Concept (2020)

Boundary layer ingestion is an aeropropulsive concept associated with a propulsion airframe integration technique that integrates viscous aerodynamics into a propulsion system to achieve more efficient flight. The effectiveness of this concept is heavily dependent on how much of the boundary layer is being ingested into the propulsor. Scaling this concept for transonic wind tunnel testing is often plagued with blockage issues and requires a modification to the model dimensions such as fuselage length and diameter and wingspan. To simulate the boundary layer for these modified models requires a manipulation of the boundary layer height to achieve the appropriate ratio of boundary layer to propulsor inlet diameter or height. This paper will focus on 15 different transonic boundary layer manipulators to achieve varying turbulent boundary layer heights for a representative single-aisle transport utilizing Boundary Layer Ingestion.
Gasification Reactivity and Structure Evolution of Metallurgical Coke under H2O/CO2 Atmosphere (2017)

The metallurgical properties and the microstructure of coke after gasification reaction with pure H2O and pure CO2 were investigated in this study. Moreover, the first-principles calculation was conducted to study the reaction process of the carbon with pure H2O and pure CO2. The results show that the CRI (coke reaction index) increases sharply and the CSR (coke strength after reaction) decreases sharply, when the cokes are gasified with H2O as compared to CO2. The scanning electronic microscopy images and the coke panoramagrams show that H2O more easily leads to the generation of large pores (>500 μm) and destroys the coke structure than CO2. The X-ray diffraction results indicate that the arrangement of carbon atoms of coke becomes regular and the ordered degree of coke increases after reaction with CO2 and H2O; however, after being gasified with H2O, the cokes have a higher ordered degree than with CO2. The results of the first-principles calculation show that the H2O molecule is more likely to react with carbon as compared to the CO2 molecule due to the lower energy barriers of H2O adsorption and H2 formation. The M2 → FS reaction process is the controlled step of the C-H2O reaction process, as well as in the C-CO2 reaction system.
Principles of Induction Heating (2014)

Abstract Induction heating is a combination of several interrelated physical phenomena, including heat transfer, electromagnetics, and metallurgy. This article presents a brief review of different heat transfer modes, namely, heat conduction, thermal radiation, and convection. It focuses on the specifics of induction heating and heat treating applications. The article discusses the nonlinear and interrelated nature of a particular heat transfer phenomenon, physical property, and skin effect. It also presents simple case studies and general physical laws governing different heat transfer modes. The article also discusses the basic concepts of direct current and alternating current circuits, and reviews the theory of electromagnetic fields.
Transformation-optics antenna lens design using complex coordinate transformation (2014)

In this paper, we present an effective approach to design antenna lenses for controlling the far-field patterns, which only uses a single electromagnetic source or antenna feed located outside the lens. By employing a complex coordinate transformation, a spatial distribution of gain and/or loss can be introduced into the lens. Consequently, the proposed approach offers an extra degree of freedom that allows for controlling not only the phase distribution of the electromagnetic field inside the lens but also its amplitude distribution. Several full-wave simulated lens examples and corresponding linear antenna array calculations are presented, showing the capability of complex transformation optics for far-field pattern manipulation and near-field amplitude tapering across the lens aperture.
Effect of End Groups on the Thermotropic Behavior of Linear Poly[11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate]s Prepared by ATRP and Their Topological Blends (2002)

Linear poly[11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate]s with 9−77 (GPC relative to linear polystyrene) or 7−101 (GPCLS) repeat units were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization of 11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate using a mesogenic initiator, 11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl 2-bromopropionate. The biphasic regions of the smectic A to isotropic (sA−i) transition of the linear polymers are extremely narrow, with full widths at half of the maximum peak intensity (fwhm) = 4.52−7.74 °C, in contrast to that of the corresponding polymer prepared by conventional radical polymerization (fwhm = 17.0 °C). The breadths of this transition do not vary with chain length, in contrast to the corresponding linear polymers with methyl propionate end groups. The breadth of the sA−i biphasic region of 1:1 binary blends of poly[11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate]s increases relatively linearly with the difference in end group (and therefore branching) density of the two components, regardless of the combination of molecular architectures (linear, three-arm star, or comb) or the type of end groups (bromine and hydrogen or methyl propionate).
Silica Increases Cytosolic Calcium and Causes Cell Injury in Renal Cell Lines. (1999)

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of silica-induced cytosolic free calcium mobilization and cell injury in immortalized cell lines from transgenic mice kidney harboring SV40 T-antigen gene. The proximal convoluted tubule (S1)- and the inner medullary collecting tubule (IMCT)-originated cell lines were used. Cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured employing Fura-2 fluorescence and cell injury was evaluated by a vital dye exclusion procedure. Silica increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner in S1 (60 micrograms/ml-600 micrograms/ml) and IMCT (6 micrograms/ml-600 micrograms/ml). Silica caused a biphasic increase in [Ca2+]i which was composed of an initial rapid rise and following sustained phase. Ca2+ removal from the medium resulted in abolishment of initial and sustained phase of silica (600 micrograms/ml)-induced [Ca2+]i in both cell lines. Silica-induced cell injury was increased in a dose-dependent manner. This silica-induced cell injury was attenuated by the pretreatment with EGTA (100 microM) and nifedipine (1 microM). Cellular ATP content ([ATP]i) by silica also decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. The relationship between [Ca2+]i and [ATP]i showed that [ATP]i depletion caused [Ca2+]i to rise. This study suggests that 1) the elevation of [Ca2+]i caused by silica is due mainly to influx through plasma membrane Ca2+ channel and non specific membrane damage (at high concentration) and 2) nephrotoxicity of silica shows site-specificity within the kidney.
Structural Insights into Low and High Recalcitrance Natural Poplar Variants Using Neutron and X-ray Scattering (2020)

We used small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) to study two Populus trichocarpa variants, GW-11012 and BESC-316, with lignin contents of 17.8 and 23.2%, respectively, to understand why the low lignin variant has increased sugar release during liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment. SANS showed differences in cell wall polymer arrangement in the variants. In GW-11012, the cellulose microfibrils were similar in size to BESC-316 but were not equally spaced and lignin was aggregated rather than homogenously interspersed with other matrix co-polymers. However, after LHW pretreatments, the SANS profiles of the pretreated variants were almost indistinguishable, indicating that the nanoscale structural features could not adequately explain the increased sugar release observed in GW-11012. WAXS analysis revealed higher cellulose crystallinity and larger crystallite size in native and pretreated GW-11012. However, the most significant difference was that the crystallite orientation was approximately 2-fold higher in GW-11012. This suggests that higher crystallite orientation may be favorable for the action of processive cellulases leading to increased sugar release from GW-11012. Our study shows that there is a complex interplay between cell wall polymers during their deposition resulting in changes in lignin distribution and cellulose structure, highlighting the importance of investigating plant cell wall architecture across multiple length scales.