gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Diffusion in Two- and Three-Dimensional Powders of Anisotropic Domains:  An NMR Study of the Diffusion of Water in Cellulose and Starch (2002)

The pulsed field gradient stimulated echo NMR technique is applied to the study of water diffusion in biological porous materials (a sheet of wood cellulose fibers and a packed bed of potato starch granules) consisting of randomly oriented domains with an anisotropic supermolecular organization. Expressions are presented for the probability distribution of apparent diffusion coefficients due to two- and three-dimensional powder distributions of domain orientations. The distributions are converted to echo attenuation curves with a method taking cross relaxation between the water and the solid matrix into account. Using a model in agreement with the structure and domain orientation known from other experimental techniques, it is found that the mean diffusion coefficient and degree of anisotropy (ratio between water diffusivity parallel and perpendicular to the structure director) at a level of hydration corresponding to approximately 90% relative humidity are (1.68 ± 0.03) × 10-11 m2/s and 6.4 ± 0.9 for cellulose and (7.8 ± 0.1) × 10-12 m2/s and 2.5 ± 0.3 for starch, respectively. A systematic examination of different models for the diffusion coefficient distribution shows that the chosen models are not unique in describing the data. For the estimation of anisotropy, a physically correct model is required. The average diffusion coefficient can be determined with any reasonable model, not necessarily physically correct.
A Framework for Facilitating Dynamic e-Business Via Web Services (2001)

While Web services provide an essential building block for realizing dynamic e-business by facilitating standardsbased program-to-program interaction, they do not address many business aspects of communication such as security, access control, business partner selection, service level agreement monitoring, and logging. In this paper, we propose a service-oriented framework that provides these much needed infrastructure services. Using the framework, service providers can prepare their business applications for publishing as Web services, and specify access controls on their services in the registry while service requestors can find suitable service providers and invoke their services dynamically. The framework ensures that all transactions are secure, monitored for service level agreements and logged for audit purposes. By providing business utility services and automation technology founded on Web services, we believe that, our framework takes Web services to the next level in supporting dynamic e-business.
Theoretical Design of Substituted Tetrathia‐[7]‐Helicenes with Large Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Responses (2004)

Increasing response: Semiempirical calculations show that substituting tetrathia-[7]-helicene in positions 7 and 8 (see graphic) as well as in positions 2 and 13 by adequate donor/acceptor pairs can lead to a substantial increase of the second-order nonlinear optical response.
HLA‐B‐Associated Transcript 3 (BAT3), a ligand for Nkp30 is secreted from cells as Exosomes and enhances the activity of Natural Killer cells (2008)

Natural Killer (NK) cells, defined as innate lymphocytes also serve as regulators of adaptive immunity via cytokine secretion and cross‐talk with dendritic cells (DCs). Both killing and maturation of DCs by NK cells is dependent on NKp30, a Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor (NCR) expressed on NK cells. However, the NKp30 specific cellular ligands have remained elusive. Recently BAT3 was identified as the tumor associated ligand for NKp30 (Immunity, 2007 in press). It is a nuclear protein characterized by a conserved BAG domain (BclBcl‐2 associated anthogene), that interacts with Hsp70. This abstract describes that BAT3 is secreted into the extracellular environment in exosomal fractions upon exposure to stress signals. The exosomes from the tumor cells and iDCs possess BAT3 on the surface. These exosomes activate NK cells and stimulate the cytokine release TNFalpha and IFNgamma. This release was enhanced by exosomes from cells overexpressing BAT3 and was inhibited by depleting the overexpressed BAT3. Moreover, the exosomes’ stimulation was inhibited when the cells were targeted with siRNA of BAT3. Thus we postulate that BAT3, a novel cellular ligand for NKp30 receptor has a role in the reciprocal activation of NK‐DC cross‐talk. We present evidence that BAT3 is secreted into exosomes, a novel group of immune regulators “Nucleokines”. Research was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (STR 530/5‐1).
Synthesis of a hemin-containing copolymer as a novel immunostimulator that induces IFN-gamma production (2018)

Given that NIPAM-hemin induced IL-6 and IFN-γ production in immune cells without any cytotoxic effects, NIPAM-hemin has potential therapeutic applications as a Th1-type adjuvant.
Active damping for grid-connected LCL filter based on optimum P&#x002B;R controller design using injected grid current feedback only (2014)

PWM converters are widely used to connect the distributed energy sources to the grid. LCL filters are widely used for these converters because its superiority over L and LC filters, however the resonance problem produced by these filters requires a more effort in the design process to damp it. Active damping techniques which use the sensed capacitor current are widely used in this regard to solve this problem; however this requires an increase in the number of sensors. Based on the optimum design for proportional plus resonant (P+R) controller, this paper introduces an active damping method based on the capacitor estimated current without increase in the number of sensors. This is achieved by using an additional observer loop as a feedback in the controller loop to estimate the capacitor current. The simulation results and the experimental verification for the proposed control algorithm are introduced in this work.
Within-family outliers: segregating alleles or environmental effects? A linkage analysis of height from 5815 sibling pairs (2008)

Most information in linkage analysis for quantitative traits comes from pairs of relatives that are phenotypically most discordant or concordant. Confounding this, within-family outliers from non-genetic causes may create false positives and negatives. We investigated the influence of within-family outliers empirically, using one of the largest genome-wide linkage scans for height. The subjects were drawn from Australian twin cohorts consisting of 8447 individuals in 2861 families, providing a total of 5815 possible pairs of siblings in sibships. A variance component linkage analysis was performed, either including or excluding the within-family outliers. Using the entire dataset, the largest LOD scores were on chromosome 15q (LOD 2.3) and 11q (1.5). Excluding within-family outliers increased the LOD score for most regions, but the LOD score on chromosome 15 decreased from 2.3 to 1.2, suggesting that the outliers may create false negatives and false positives, although rare alleles of large effect may also be an explanation. Several regions suggestive of linkage to height were found after removing the outliers, including 1q23.1 (2.0), 3q22.1 (1.9) and 5q32 (2.3). We conclude that the investigation of the effect of within-family outliers, which is usually neglected, should be a standard quality control measure in linkage analysis for complex traits and may reduce the noise for the search of common variants of modest effect size as well as help identify rare variants of large effect and clinical significance. We suggest that the effect of within-family outliers deserves further investigation via theoretical and simulation studies.
3pK, a New Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Activated Protein Kinase Located in the Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumor Suppressor Gene Region (1996)

NotI linking clones, localized to the human chromosome 3p21.3 region and homozygously deleted in small cell lung cancer cell lines NCI-H740 and NCI-H1450, were used to search for a putative tumor suppressor gene(s). One of these clones, NL1G210, detected a 2.5-kb mRNA in all examined human tissues, expression being especially high in the heart and skeletal muscle. Two overlapping cDNA clones containing the entire open reading frame were isolated from a human heart cDNA library and fully characterized. Computer analysis and a search of the GenBank database to reveal high sequence identity of the product of this gene to serine-threonine kinases, especially to mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2, a recently described substrate of mitogen-activated kinases. Sequence identitiy was 72% at the nucleotide level and 75% at the amino acid level, strongly suggesting that this protein is a serine-threonine kinase. Here we demonstrate that the new gene, referred to as 3pK (for chromosome 3p kinase), in fact encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase-regulated protein serine-threonine kinase with a novel substrate specificity.
Infectivity of murine papillomavirus in the surgical byproducts of treated tail warts (2019)

NA Laryngoscope, 130:712-717, 2020.
ChemInform Abstract: ALDOL DIASTEREOSELECTION VIA ZIRCONIUM ENOLATES. PRODUCT‐SELECTIVE, ENOLATE STRUCTURE INDEPENDENT CONDENSATIONS (1981)

Abstract Aus den Li‐enolaten (Ia) entstehen die Silylether (Ib) und die Zirkon‐Verbindungen (Ic), die mit den Aldehyden (II) zu den Addukten (III) reagieren.
Scintillation properties of LSO:Ce boules (2002)

We investigated the scintillation characteristics of 1880 LSO crystals that were cut from 76 crystal boules. We measured the light output and energy resolution of all 1880 crystals, and also measured the decay times of 1169 of the crystals. We observed trends in light output and energy resolution that were not previously evident from studies of small numbers of crystals, and in addition, a correlation between light output and decay time became evident for the first time. The results may be interpreted in terms of the properties of the two Ce scintillation centers in LSO, the effect of quenching centers, and the effects of Ce segregation during crystal growth.
Fast Chirp MIMO Radar System using Doppler Offset Orthogonal Codes (2021)

This paper proposes the fast chirp MIMO radar using Doppler offset orthogonal codes (DO-OCs). The proposed enables Doppler and code division multiplexing. The proposed has two merits. One is that phase modulators to modulate chirp signals is to be simplified since the number of modulation levels is reduced. And the other is that code de-multiplexing processing is to be simplified since the orthogonal code length is shortened. And we also propose the Doppler ambiguity resolving method by using unused DO-OCs. And it is proved that the proposed expands the unambiguous Doppler range to the inverse of the pulse repetition interval. The measurements by using 6 Tx - 8 Rx MIMO radar has proven the effectiveness of the proposed to achieve high Doppler unambiguity and Doppler tolerance.
Structural and energetic predictions for simple hydrocarbons from the NDDO [neglect of diatomic differential overlap] and CNDO [complete neglect of differential overlap] semiempirical molecular orbital methods (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural and energetic predictions for simple hydrocarbons from the NDDO [neglect of diatomic differential overlap] and CNDO [complete neglect of differential overlap] semiempirical molecular orbital methodsRobert B. Davidson, William L. Jorgensen, and Leland Cullen AllenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4, 749–753Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00707a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00707a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views354Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A comprehensive promoter landscape identifies a novel promoter for CD133 in restricted tissues, cancers, and stem cells (2013)

PROM1 is the gene encoding prominin-1 or CD133, an important cell surface marker for the isolation of both normal and cancer stem cells. PROM1 transcripts initiate at a range of transcription start sites (TSS) associated with distinct tissue and cancer expression profiles. Using high resolution Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) sequencing we characterize TSS utilization across a broad range of normal and developmental tissues. We identify a novel proximal promoter (P6) within CD133+ melanoma cell lines and stem cells. Additional exon array sampling finds P6 to be active in populations enriched for mesenchyme, neural stem cells and within CD133+ enriched Ewing sarcomas. The P6 promoter is enriched with respect to previously characterized PROM1 promoters for a HMGI/Y (HMGA1) family transcription factor binding site motif and exhibits different epigenetic modifications relative to the canonical promoter region of PROM1.
Lithographically defined 3-dimensional graphene scaffolds (2015)

Interferometrically defined 3D photoresist scaffolds are formed through a series of three successive two-beam interference exposures, a post exposure bake and development. Heating the resist scaffold in a reducing atmosphere to &gt; 1000 &deg;C, results in the conversion of the resist structure into a carbon scaffold through pyrolysis, resulting in a 3D sp<sub>3</sub>- bonded glassy carbon scaffold which maintains the same in-plane morphology as the resist despite significant shrinkage. The carbon scaffolds are readily modified using a variety of deposition methods such as electrochemical, sputtering and CVD/ALD. Remarkably, sputtering metal into scaffolds with ~ 5 unit cells tall results in conformal coating of the scaffold with the metal. When the metal is a transition metal such as nickel, the scaffold can be re-annealed, during which time the carbon diffuses through the nickel, emerging on the exterior of the nickel as sp2-bonded carbon, termed 3D graphene. This paper details the fabrication, characterization and some potential applications for these structures.
Planar optical interconnections for 100 Gb/s packet address detection (2002)

We propose a novel planar optical interconnection scheme for 100 Gb/s optical packet address detection, which consists of waveguide grating couplers and a diffractive microlens integrated on a glass substrate 3-dimensionally. Length and duty cycle of the grating couplers have been determined on the bases of the ray-optic propagation-mode analysis in a slab waveguide and of the rigorous coupled-wave diffraction analysis for out-coupled radiation-modes. The 3-dimensionally integrated planar optics makes it possible to connect each address bit-signals of TE0-waveguide mode to the detector with a power uniformity of 6.4% and a total coupling efficiency of 72.3%.
GaN HEMT high efficiency power amplifiers for 4G/5G mobile communication base stations (2014)

In this paper, the key technology development on the base station power amplifiers (PA) for 4th generation (4G) and 5th generation (5G) of mobile communication systems is discussed. In considering the major requirements from 4G/5G systems of the spectrum extension, smaller size and lower power consumption, GaN HEMT device is the most promising technology because of its potential of broad band and high power density based on its wide band gap properties and the proven ability to realize the energy efficient amplifiers. The paper tries to provide the future requirements and expectation on GaN or the wide band gap compound semiconductor devices assuming its applications for the latest amplifier technologies which are the advanced Doherty PA, the Outphasing/Linear-amplification-using-Nonlinear-Components (LINC) PA and the switch-mode PA with the achieved performances and perspectives.
Recruitment (2021)

Successful recruitment is key to a meaningful mini-public deliberation. There is a need to ensure that the deliberating sample represents as many interests as possible that will be affected by the decisions at hand; otherwise, the whole endeavour risks losing legitimacy. This is because the basis for engaging lay citizens in deliberation relies on the idea of inclusion, and since it is impossible in most cases to invite all the affected people to deliberate in small groups, the deliberating sample needs to be representative. Mini-public deliberation is not built on representativeness in the electoral sense, where people first vote and give their representatives powers to decide for the whole demos, and then have the possibility to hold the representatives accountable for their actions at the next election. The accountability of DMPs relies instead on their demographic representativeness – on the idea that the wider population can see the DMP as a mirror of themselves (Farrell and Stone, 2020). Whereas representative systems based on elections produce institutions in which the representatives are typically highly educated and often resourceful, the goal for DMPs is to achieve a sample of representatives whom the people can view as their genuine peers. The chapter is organized as follows. It starts by briefly reviewing four different methods for choosing representatives: elections; corporatism or appointment by interest groups and NGOs; self-selection; and random sampling. We then set out arguments in favour of random sampling, including discussion of the merits and limits of pure random sampling in recruiting for DMPs. This is followed by a review of the methodology underlying stratified random sampling, building on issues discussed in Chapter Two.
Dendrimers in Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (2003)

Abstract The sections in this article are Overview Introduction Basic Properties and Applications of Dendrimers Structural Features and Chemical and Biological Properties Basic Features of Dendritic Macromolecules are Inspired by Nature Comparison of the Properties of Dendrimers and Conventional Synthetic Polymers Comparison of the Properties of Dendrimers and Proteins (a Biological Polymer) Dendritic Macromolecules Possess a Wealth of Possible Applications Methods for Dendrimer Synthesis History and Basic Strategies Cascade Reactions are the Foundation of Dendrimer Synthesis Dendrimer Synthesis has Expanded Dramatically in the Past Two Decades Strategies, Cores, and Building Blocks for Dendritic Macromolecules Dendrimers are Constructed from Simple “Building Blocks” The Synthesis of Dendrimers Follows Either a Divergent or Convergent Approach Heterogeneously‐functionalized Dendrimers Basic Description and Synthetic Considerations Glycosylation is an Example of Surface Modification with Multiple Bioactivities Dendrimers in Drug Delivery Dendrimers are Versatile Nano‐devices for the Delivery of Diverse Classes of Drugs Dendritic Drug Delivery: Encapsulation of Guest Molecules Dendrimers have Internal Cavities that can Host Encapsulated Guest Molecules Using Dendrimers for Gene Delivery Release of Encapsulated “Pro‐drugs” Covalent Conjugation Strategies Dendrimers Overcome many Limitations Inherent in Polymeric Conjugation Strategies Dendrimer Conjugates can be Used as Vaccines Release of Covalently‐delivered “Pro‐drugs” Fine‐tuning Dendrimer Properties to Facilitate Delivery and Ensure Bioactivity Delivery Requires Avoiding Non‐specific Uptake “Local” Considerations: Contact with, and Uptake by, the Target Cell Drug Delivery: Ensuring the Biocompatibility of Dendritic Delivery Vehicles Biocompatibility Entails Avoiding “Side Effects” such as Toxicity and Immunogenicity Water Solubility and Immunogenicity Inherent and Induced Toxicity Dendrimers in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Dendrimers have Attractive Properties for Cancer Treatment Dendrimer‐sized Particles Passively Accumulate at the Sites of Tumors Multifunctional Dendrimers can Selectively Target Biomarkers found on Cancer Cells Methods for Targeting Specific Biomarkers of Cancer Targeting by Folate, a Small Molecule Ligand Targeting by Monoclonal Antibodies Dendrimers in Cancer Diagnosis and Imaging Labeled Dendrimers are Important Research Tools for Biodistribution Studies Towards Clinical Use: MRI Imaging Agents Steps Towards the Clinical Realization of Dendrimer‐based Cancer Therapies The Stage is now set for Dendrimer‐based Cancer Therapy Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Innovations Promise to Speed Progress “Mix‐and‐Match” Strategy of Bifunctional Dendritic Clusters Towards Therapeutic Exploitation of Glycosylation Abnormalities found in Cancer Towards Targeting Metabolically‐engineered Carbohydrate Epitopes Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments
Contrast enhanced nanoCT for 3D quantitative and spatial analysis of in vitro manufactured extracellular matrix in metallic tissue engineering scaffolds (2013)

peer reviewed
Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of TriPPPro‐AbacavirTP, TriPPPro‐CarbovirTP, and Their 1′,2′‐cis‐Disubstituted Analogues (2018)

Herein we describe the synthesis of lipophilic triphosphate prodrugs of abacavir, carbovir, and their 1',2'-cis-substituted carbocyclic analogues. The 1',2'-cis-carbocyclic nucleosides were prepared by starting from enantiomerically pure (1R,2S)-2-((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopent-3-en-1-ol by a microwave-assisted Mitsunobu-type reaction with 2-amino-6-chloropurine. All four nucleoside analogues were prepared from their 2-amino-6-chloropurine precursors. The nucleosides were converted into their corresponding nucleoside triphosphate prodrugs (TriPPPro approach) by application of the H-phosphonate route. The TriPPPro compounds were hydrolyzed in different media, in which the formation of nucleoside triphosphates was proven. While the TriPPPro compounds of abacavir and carbovir showed increased antiviral activity over their parent nucleoside, the TriPPPro compounds of the 1',2'-cis-substituted analogues as well as their parent nucleosides proved to be inactive against HIV.
Detection of Particles in Semiconductor Material Gases Using Light Scattering Method. (2002)

Improvement of semiconductor integration requires the contamination control of finer particle in semiconductor manufacturing processes. In particular, the control of particle contamination in semiconductor material gases is important for enhancing the production yield. A flow-cell type optical particle counter based on light scattering method was developed for real-time measurement of particles in semiconductor material gases. In this paper, the flow-cell type particle counter was inserted in gas supply lines of semiconductor manufacturing processes. This enabled direct and in-line measurement of particles in the semiconductor material gases for the first time. The measurements showed that the concentration of particles in semiconductor material gases depended on the material and condition of gas cylinders and gas filters. The particle concentration was also affected by the operation of gas supply systems. It was suggested that there was a considerable amount of particulate contaminant generation in the semiconductor gases. The measured results for inert gases were significantly different from those of the semiconductor gases. Consequently, the importance of the direct and in-line measurement was confirmed.