gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predictors of Conversion to Multiple Sclerosis in the BENEFIT Study (2009)

The modified Barkhof criteria showed moderate predictive value for conversion to CDMS, although all patients had received interferon beta-1b therapy for at least 1 year. The predictive value was unaffected by treatment intervention. Follow-up MR imaging was most informative after 9 months in patients without dissemination in space at baseline.
A Novel Solution for Severe Loss Prevention While Drilling Deep Wells (2020)

The loss of circulation is a big problem in drilling operations. This problem is costly, time-consuming and may lead to a well control situation. Much research has investigated the effectiveness of using different chemicals as lost circulation material (LCM) to stop mud and cement slurry losses. However, there remain many limitations for using such LCM types, especially when it comes to field applications. This paper presents a new high strength lost circulation material (HSLCM) that could effectively be used for managing severe lost circulation cases. The HSLCM could easily be pumped into the thief zone where it forms a gel that solidifies after a setting time to provide sealing between the wellbore and the thief zone. With this technique, the material stops the circulation losses, and hence enhances the well bore stability by reducing the well bore stresses. The HSLCM has a high compressive strength and it has a high acid solubility of around 96%. Because the HSLCM has high tolerance towards contamination, it can be utilized with water-based mud or invert emulsion-drilling fluids, hence providing a wide window of applications with the drilling fluids. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the rheology, thickening time, compressive strength, and acid solubility of the HSLCM. The results showed good performance for the HSLCM as LCM. In addition, a case field study is presented which shows a successful field treatment for severe losses.
2P272 Photochemical reactions of Acetabularia rhodopsin II from marine plant(The 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2010)

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Phototropic Guest–Host Liquid Crystal Systems: Environmental Effects on Naphthopyran Kinetics (2016)

Photoinduced isothermal and order-increasing phase transitions can be observed in guest-host liquid crystal mixtures containing naphthopyran derivatives. The changes are attributed to the different geometry and a less energetically favorable interaction with the liquid crystal molecules for the ground state naphthopyran species with respect to the photoproduct. In this study, we have investigated the thermal relaxation of the naphthopyran photoproduct back to the initial species as a function of temperature and excitation conditions. It was found that the thermal relaxation is typically first-order and its characteristic rate has a temperature dependence that is different in the anisotropic and isotropic states of the mesogenic solvents. In particular, the activation energy for thermal relaxation is larger in the ordered phases of mesogenic solvents relative to their isotropic phase. The findings suggests that the naphthopyran relaxation is hindered by the organization of the host environment. These results will be useful to build a more complete understanding of the mutual guest-host interactions in naphthopyran-containing guest-host LC systems.
Diversity of the Antibody Response to the Different Antigenic Determinants on the Hemagglutinin Subunits of Influenza Viruses (1976)

Abstract Sera from rabbits hyperimmunized with hemagglutinin (HA) subunits isolated from the A/Port Chalmers/73 (H3N2) strain of influenza virus showed great differences in their cross-reactions with different strains of influenza virus. In hemagglutination-inhibition tests, some sera reacted to about the same titer with A/Port Chalmers/73 and A/Hong Kong/68 viruses, suggesting that these two strains were very closely related. Other sera, which reacted to high titer with A/Port Chalmers/73 virus, had only a low titer with the Hong Kong/68 strain, suggesting that the two viruses were distantly related. Evidence suggested that these diverse cross-reactions were due to widely different ratios, in the different sera, of antibodies to the “common” and the “specific” antigenic determinants on the HA subunits. Thus, some rabbits gave a stronger response to the “common” determinants than to the “specific”, whereas in others, the reverse seemed to be the case. Sera from human volunteers injected with A/Port Chalmers/73 inactivated or subunit influenza virus vaccines, or from people infected with Port Chalmers/73 virus, contained, in most cases, antibodies predominantly to the “common” antigenic determinants on the HA subunits. These sera reacted to higher titer with Hong Kong/68 virus than with the Port Chalmers/73 strain. Absorption of these sera with Hong Kong/68 virus totally removed all detectable antibody, suggesting that they contained no antibody to the “specific” determinants on Port Chalmers/73 HA. Paradoxically, absorption of the sera with Port Chalmers virus did not remove all antibodies, suggesting that the sera contained antibodies to the “specific” determinants on Hong Kong/68 HA.
Efficient update diffusion in byzantine environments (2002)

We present a protocol for diffusion of updates among replicas in a distributed system where up to b replicas may suffer Byzantine failures. Our algorithm ensures that no correct replica accepts spurious updates introduced by faulty replicas, by requiring that a replica accepts an update only after receiving it from at least b+1 distinct replicas (or directly from the update source). Our algorithm diffuses updates more efficiently than previous such algorithms and, by exploiting additional information available in some practical settings, sometimes more efficiently than known lower bounds predict.
A new synthetic use of nucleoside N1-oxides (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new synthetic use of nucleoside N1-oxidesMalcolm MacCoss, Eung K. Ryu, Robert S. White, and Robert L. LastCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 5, 788–794Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01293a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01293a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A microprocessor-based switching power converter test bed (2002)

A test bed which allows convenient experiments and demonstrations of a wide range of switching converters is introduced. It is based on an isolated switch matrix, and controls the frequency, phase, and duty ratio of the switching functions. Almost any topology is accessible. Converter control methods for a broad range of possible circuits can be tested at practical power levels with this system. The system lends itself to automation, and should be of value in streamlining early stages of design and testing. Basic converter control methods are embedded in the hardware. The feedback network supports several differential inputs with dynamic range. Device ratings of 15 A and 400 V make converters possible at levels up to more than 1 kW. In addition, the processor system can be overridden or supplemented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A simple layer-stacking technique to generate biomolecular and mechanical gradients in photocrosslinkable hydrogels (2019)

Physicochemical and biological gradients are desirable features for hydrogels to enhance their relevance to biological environments for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. Therefore, simple and efficient techniques to generate chemical, physical and biological gradients within hydrogels are highly desirable. This work demonstrates a technique to generate biomolecular and mechanical gradients in photocrosslinkable hydrogels by stacking and crosslinking prehydrogel solution in a layer by layer manner. Partial crosslinking of the hydrogel allows mixing of prehydrogel solution with the previous hydrogel layer, which makes a smooth gradient profile, rather than discrete layers. This technique enables the generation of concentration gradients of bovine serum albumin in both gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels, as well as mechanical gradients across a hydrogel containing varying gel concentrations. Fluorescence microscopy, mechanical testing, and scanning electron microscopy show that the gradient profiles can be controlled by changing both the volume and concentration of each layer as well as intensity of UV exposure. GelMA hydrogel gradients with different Young's moduli were successfully used to culture human fibroblasts. The fibroblasts migrated along the gradient axis and showed different morphologies. In general, the proposed technique provides a rapid and simple approach to design and fabricate 3D hydrogel gradients for in vitro biological studies and potentially for in vivo tissue engineering applications.
Computer-aided Nonlinear Analysis Of Power Electronic Systems (2005)

Abstmcf - Two non-traditional uses of computers in power electronics are presented - visualization and symbolic computation. The first example presented is state plane animation, a visualization tool for understanding feedback control and instability phenomena in power electronics. Circuits modeled with ideal switches have a geometric ‘‘boundilry” interpretation which is greatly enhanced by computer animation. The second example presented is KBM-based simulation. This is a fast simulator for switched networks which takes advantage of a decomposition of the system equations into an averaged system and a ripple system. The approximate analytical solution to the ripple system is obtained using a symbolic computer program, allowing the averaged (slow) system to be numerically integrated with a large time step.
A Crown and a Cross: The Rise, Development, and Decline of the Methodist Class Meeting in Eighteenth-Century England (2013)

Book Review| January 01 2013 A Crown and a Cross: The Rise, Development, and Decline of the Methodist Class Meeting in Eighteenth-Century England A Crown and a Cross: The Rise, Development, and Decline of the Methodist Class Meeting in Eighteenth-Century EnglandGoodhead, Andrew Robert Webster Robert Webster Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Wesley and Methodist Studies (2013) 5: 163–164. https://doi.org/10.2307/42909865 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Robert Webster; A Crown and a Cross: The Rise, Development, and Decline of the Methodist Class Meeting in Eighteenth-Century England. Wesley and Methodist Studies 1 January 2013; 5 163–164. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/42909865 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectivePenn State University PressWesley and Methodist Studies Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 2013 Clements Publishing Group Inc.2013Clements Publishing Group Inc. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Synthesis of carbon nanoflasks (2000)

The catalytic reaction of Co(CO)3NO and Mg at 900 °C has led to the formation of multi-walled carbon nanoflasks.
Encapsulation Requirements for Return Links and Mesh Systems over Satellite (2010)

Initially designed for TV broadcasting, DVB standard families have become mature technologies for Internet communications via satellite access networks. A generic encapsulation protocol is therefore required for the forward link, the return link, and for mesh satellite systems. Moreover, because of the cost and the scarcity of resources, this should be as efficient and light as possible. The GSE (Generic Stream Encapsulation) protocol enables efficient transport of any protocol, originally designed for DVB-S2, that is to say on Quasi Error Free (QEF) forward links of satellite systems. This paper addresses limitations in GSE for the return link context and examines the requirements for an encapsulation mechanism for satellite systems using multiple access. This includes the return link but also mesh satellite systems and any satellite systems that uses multiple access. This paper also analyses approaches to derive requirements and provides a first analysis of these requirements.
Topotactic organometallic chemistry: intrazeolite dicarbonylcyclopentadienyl cobalt-M56Y, where M = H, Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs (1991)

The vibrational and electronic spectroscopy of precursor CpCo(CO)2-M56Y, where M = H, Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs and Y refers to zeolite Y, is compared with that known for CpCo(CO)2 in the gas, solution, and matrix phases. In this way considerable insight is obtained concerning the subtle interplay of supercage topology, framework oxygen charge density, and extraframework cation local field effects on the geometric and electronic properties, as well as the type(s) of anchoring site(s) (cation versus oxygen framework) found for the guest molecules in the zeolite Y host lattice. These spectroscopic probes also permit one to evaluate the role of these zeolite support effects on the reactivity of anchored CpCo((CO)-C-12)2-M56Y toward (CO)-C-13 isotope exchange, phosphine substitution, and vacuum thermal decarbonylation as compared to the situation found with other supports and in other phases. Information pertinent to the identity and location of precursors and products and their anchoring site architecture (Cp ring versus carbonyl ligand versus cobalt interactions with the zeolite) emerges from the results of these experiments. Molecular graphics investigations allow one to propose topological models that account for the occurrence and nature of two distinct cation-based anchoring sites for precursor CpCo(CO)2-M56Y (ZOM...CpCo(CO)2 denoted site 1 and ZOM...(OC)2CoCp denoted site 2) as well as its in situ vacuum thermal decarbonylation product Cp2Co2(mu-2-CO)2-M56Y (symmetrical ZOM...CpCo(CO)2CoCp...MOZ denoted class I and symmetrical ZOM...(OC)Cp2Co2(CO)...MOZ denoted class II) over the entire alkali-metal cation series.
Hierachical Ni@Fe2O3superparticles through epitaxial growth of γ-Fe2O3nanorods onin situformed Ni nanoplates (2016)

One endeavour of nanochemistry is the bottom-up synthesis of functional mesoscale structures from basic building blocks. We report a one-pot wet chemical synthesis of Ni@γ-Fe2O3 superparticles containing Ni cores densely covered with highly oriented γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite) nanorods (NRs) by controlled reduction/decomposition of nickel acetate (Ni(ac)2) and Fe(CO)5. Automated diffraction tomography (ADT) of the Ni-Fe2O3 interface in combination with Mössbauer spectroscopy showed that selective and oriented growth of the γ-Fe2O3 nanorods on the Ni core is facilitated through the formation of a Fe0.05Ni0.95 alloy and the appearance of superstructure features that may reduce strain at the Ni-Fe2O3 interface. The common orientation of the maghemite nanorods on the Ni core of the superparticles leads to a greatly enhanced magnetization. After functionalization with a catechol-functional polyethylene glycol (C-PEG) ligand the Ni@γ-Fe2O3 superparticles were dispersible in water.
Increased photoluminescence from single-mode microwave annealing of N-type Ge-on-Si (2016)

Microwave annealing is shown to heal the damage in the crystal lattice and activate the dopants in Ge-on-Si at a lower temperature than rapid thermal annealing, enabling easier integration with other components that have ultra-shallow junctions or tight profile pocket regions. Maximum photoluminescence was achieved by microwave annealing Ge-on-Si samples at a temperature lower by 75 °C to 80 °C than rapid thermal annealing. Furthermore, for Ge implanted with P at energy of 90 keV and dose of 6 × 1014 cm−2, and Sb at energy of 65 keV and dose of 6 × 1014 cm−2, microwave annealing of samples resulted in stronger photoluminescence than rapid thermal annealing of samples. We also observe a reduction in defects with E-mode microwave annealing that could be explained with the ponderomotive force.
Measurement of Condensed-Phase Reaction Kinetics in the Aerosol Phase Using Single Particle Mass Spectrometry (2002)

We applied a recently developed single particle mass spectrometer to analyze the elemental composition of individual aerosol particles and applied the technique to study the kinetics of thermal decomposition of metal nitrate aerosols (aluminum, calcium, silver, and strontium). Such decomposition processes on the industrial scale is known as spray pyrolysis and is a common method for making metal and metal oxide particles. Metal nitrate aerosols were passed through a tube furnace to induce thermal decomposition and transformation into oxides, and were delivered with high efficiency into the vacuum system of the single particle mass spectrometer using an aerodynamics lens arrangement. The particles were ablated and torn down to atomic ions with a tightly focused, high-power pulsed laser in the extraction field of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The mass spectra thus obtained are shown to carry a quantitative signature of the elemental composition of individual particles, and allow for on-line measurement of the stoichiometry transition from nitrate to oxide as the particles passed through a tube furnace. The results were used to calculate the reaction rates and activation energies for the decomposition reaction. In parallel, reaction rates were obtained by conventional thermogravimetric analysis, and a comparison revealed significant differences in measured reaction rates between the aerosol and conventional methods. In particular, it was found that the reaction rates determined in the aerosol phase were significantly higher than those obtained by traditional thermal methods, which we believe is associated with heat and mass transfer limitations associated with bulk methods. This new aerosol-based technique may offer an alternative approach to study condensed-phase reactions with minimal influence of artifacts caused by heat and mass transfer effects known to plague conventional thermal analyses.
Complete Genome Sequence of Borrelia afzelii K78 and Comparative Genome Analysis (2015)

The main Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis in Europe and Asia are Borrelia afzelii, B. garinii, B. burgdorferi and B. bavariensis. This is in contrast to the United States, where infections are exclusively caused by B. burgdorferi. Until to date the genome sequences of four B. afzelii strains, of which only two include the numerous plasmids, are available. In order to further assess the genetic diversity of B. afzelii, the most common species in Europe, responsible for the large variety of clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis, we have determined the full genome sequence of the B. afzelii strain K78, a clinical isolate from Austria. The K78 genome contains a linear chromosome (905,949 bp) and 13 plasmids (8 linear and 5 circular) together presenting 1,309 open reading frames of which 496 are located on plasmids. With the exception of lp28-8, all linear replicons in their full length including their telomeres have been sequenced. The comparison with the genomes of the four other B. afzelii strains, ACA-1, PKo, HLJ01 and Tom3107, as well as the one of B. burgdorferi strain B31, confirmed a high degree of conservation within the linear chromosome of B. afzelii, whereas plasmid encoded genes showed a much larger diversity. Since some plasmids present in B. burgdorferi are missing in the B. afzelii genomes, the corresponding virulence factors of B. burgdorferi are found in B. afzelii on other unrelated plasmids. In addition, we have identified a species specific region in the circular plasmid, cp26, which could be used for species determination. Different non-coding RNAs have been located on the B. afzelii K78 genome, which have not previously been annotated in any of the published Borrelia genomes.
Der Wachstumsweg ist das Ziel — die Möglichkeiten sind unbegrenzt (2000)

Es gibt kaum ein Unternehmen, in dem eine ernsthafte Diskussion über Wachstum möglich ist. Das liegt daran, dass es einfach zu wenige gesicherte Erkenntnisse gibt, über die man diskutieren könnte. Im Gegensatz dazu stehen die Diskussionen zum Thema Gewinn: Hierzu kann jeder Mitarbeiter oder Manager Maßgebliches beitragen und tut es auch vehement. Wirklich überraschend ist diese Diskrepanz nicht. Profit, "Economic Earnings", CFROI sind Begriffe, hinter denen sich Kennzahlen verbergen, denen jedes Unternehmen hinterherjagt. Profit ist alles.
PEEC-based virtual design of EMI input filters (2012)

The paper summarizes a step by step Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) modeling approach for Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) filter components (e.g. foil capacitors, common mode and differential mode inductors) and PCB tracks, to design complete EMI input filters with an optimal selection and placement of the individual components. The presence of magnetic cores is modeled with the proposed PEEC-Boundary Integral Coupled Method (PEEC-BIM) by means of fictitious magnetic surface currents, using the core geometry and permeability as inputs. The developed PEEC based models are verified by transfer function measurements of several single-phase single/two-stage filter circuits. The resulting PEEC simulation time is determined by the time required to perform the surface mesh of the magnetic volume and is in the order of several minutes. The good results of the presented PEEC modeling approach enable a fast virtual design of EMI filters and help to accelerate the design process of power converter systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Kaolinitic Clay: A Remarkable Reusable Solid Catalyst for the Selective Functional Protection of Aldehydes and Ketones. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.