gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of total chip leakage using inverse (reciprocal) gamma distribution (2006)

Leakage is an important performance bottleneck in current digital integrated circuit technology. Many techniques were proposed to analyze, control and avoid leakage of a circuit, but all efforts need accurate characterizations of total leakage variations of a chip under real-life manufacturing and environmental parameter fluctuations. In this paper, we are proposing to apply a new statistical technique to model the overall distribution of total chip leakage under such variations. With our proposed model, chip designers and design automation tools can better assess and manage leakage power
Snack Quality Evaluation Method Based on Image Features and Neural Network Prediction (1995)

Quality maintenance of food products like snacks and chips is a challenging problem in the food processing industry. At present, it is typical for food companies to determine quality standards using a sensory panel of trained experts. Process operators sample and observe the product to ensure it is similar to target flavor and quality. This process is subjective and prone to differences. A neural network approach via image texture and shape features is investigated in this study for the evaluation of the quality of typical snack products. Although quality of food, especially snacks and chips, is very difficult to quantify, some external attributes of the product are indicators of the snack eating quality. External texture features (which can reflect internal structure), together with the size and shape features of snacks are used to describe the quality from a texture (mouthfeel) standpoint. A backpropagation neural network was trained with a large number of samples having texture and morphological features as input and sensory attributes as output. The network is shown to predict the sensory attributes of the snack quality with a reasonable degree of accuracy. The analysis is validated through a comparison of the predicted sensory attributes obtained by the network to those from a taste panel on untrained samples. The developed methodology can be used in the food industry to evaluate the snack quality in a nondestructive sense.
Defect-Controlled Nucleation and Orientation of WSe2 on hBN: A Route to Single-Crystal Epitaxial Monolayers (2019)

A defect-controlled approach for the nucleation and epitaxial growth of WSe<sub>2</sub> on hBN is demonstrated. The WSe<sub>2</sub> domains exhibit a preferred orientation of over 95%, leading to a reduced density of inversion domain boundaries (IDBs) upon coalescence. First-principles calculations and experimental studies as a function of growth conditions and substrate pretreatment confirm that WSe<sub>2</sub> nucleation density and orientation are controlled by the hBN surface defect density rather than thermodynamic factors. Detailed transmission electron microscopy analysis provides support for the role of single-atom vacancies on the hBN surface that trap W atoms and break surface symmetry leading to a reduced formation energy for one orientation of WSe<sub>2</sub> domains. Through careful control of nucleation and extended lateral growth time, fully coalesced WSe<sub>2</sub> monolayer films on hBN were achieved. Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements and transport measurements of back-gated field-effect transistor devices fabricated on WSe<sub>2</sub>/hBN films show improved optical and electrical properties compared to films grown on sapphire under similar conditions. Our results reveal an important nucleation mechanism for the epitaxial growth of van der Waals heterostructures and demonstrate hBN as a superior substrate for single-crystal transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) films, resulting in a reduced density of IDBs and improved properties. The results motivate further efforts focused on the development of single crystal hBN substrates and epilayers for synthesis of wafer-scale single crystal TMD films.
Freeing the Serial Mechanism Designer from Inverse Kinematic Solvability Constraints (2010)

This paper presents a fast numerical solution for the inverse kinematics of a serial manipulator. The method is implemented on the C‐arm, a manipulator designed for use in robotic surgery. The inverse kinematics solution provides all possible solutions for any six degree‐of‐freedom serial manipulator, assuming that the forward kinematics are known and that it is possible to solve for the remaining joint angles if one joint angle’s value is known. With a fast numerical method and the current levels of computing power, designing a manipulator with closed‐form inverse kinematics is no longer necessary. When designing the C‐arm, we therefore chose to weigh other factors, such as actuator size and patient safety, more heavily than the ability to find a closed‐form inverse kinematics solution.
Climate change effects on groundwater recharge and temperatures in Swiss alluvial aquifers (2020)

Climate change will have both quantitative and qualitative effects on groundwater resources. These impacts differ for aquifers in solid and unconsolidated rock, in urban or rural locations, and in the principal processes of groundwater recharge. Having knowledge about the intrinsic key parameters (aquifer geometries, storage properties, groundwater renewal rates, residence times, etc.), the principal groundwater recharge processes, and the temperature imprinting makes it possible to compare and forecast the sensitivity of individual aquifers to climate change. The sensitivity of future groundwater temperature development for selected climate projections was qualitatively investigated for representative Swiss unconsolidated rock groundwater resources in the Central Plateau as well as the Jura and Alpine region. For non-urban and rural areas, climate change is expected to have a strong overall impact on groundwater temperatures. In urban areas, however, direct anthropogenic influences are likely to dominate. Increased thermal subsurface use and waste heat from underground structures, as well as adaptation strategies to mitigate global warming, increase groundwater temperatures. Likewise, measurements for the city of Basel show that groundwater temperatures increased by an average of 3.0 ± 0.7 °C in the period from 1993 to 2016, and that they can exceed 18 °C, especially in densely urbanized areas. Similarly, regarding shallow aquifers with low groundwater saturated zone thicknesses, such as in Davos (Canton Grisons), groundwater temperatures will strongly be influenced by changes in groundwater recharge regimes. In contrast, groundwater temperature changes within deep aquifers with large groundwater saturated zone thicknesses, such as in Biel/Bienne (Canton Bern), or in some cases in aquifers with large distances from the land surface to the groundwater table and extended unsaturated zones, such as in Winterthur (Canton Zurich), are strongly attenuated and can only be expected over long time periods. In the context of the presented research we hypothesized that quantitative groundwater recharge and the associated temperature imprinting of aquifers is primarily determined by infiltrating surface waters (i.e. “river-fed aquifers”). We show that seasonal shifts in groundwater recharge processes could be an important factor affecting future groundwater temperatures. Moreover, the interaction with surface waters and increased groundwater recharge during high runoff periods are likely to strongly influence groundwater temperatures. Accordingly, for the “business as usual” climate change scenario and for the end of the century, a shift in precipitation and river flood events from summer to winter months could be accompanied by an increase in groundwater recharge in comparatively cool seasons, which would be accompanied by a tendency to “cool down” groundwater resources.
A novel class of protein from wheat which inhibits xylanases1 (1999)

We have purified a novel class of protein that can inhibit the activity of endo-β-1,4-xylanases. The inhibitor from wheat (Triticum aestivum, var. Soisson) is a glycosylated, monomeric, basic protein with a pI of 8.7–8.9, a molecular mass of 29 kDa and a unique N-terminal sequence of AGGKTGQVTVFWGRN. We have shown that the protein can inhibit the activity of two family-11 endo-β-1,4-xylanases, a recombinant enzyme from Aspergillus niger and an enzyme from Trichoderma viride.The inhibitory activity is heat and protease sensitive. The kinetics of the inhibition have been characterized with the A. niger enzyme using soluble wheat arabinoxylan as a substrate. The Km for soluble arabinoxylan in the absence of inhibitor is 20±2 mg/ml with a kcat of 103±6 s-1. The kinetics of the inhibition of this reaction are competitive, with a Ki value of 0.35 µM, showing that the inhibitor binds at or close to the active site of free xylanase. This report describes the first isolation of a xylanase inhibitor from any organism.
A sky blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter to achieve efficient white light emission through in situ metal complex formation (2019)

A pyradine-containing sky blue fluorescent emitter can achieve efficient white light emission through <italic>in situ</italic> metal complex formation.
Mechanical performance of polymer powder bed fused objects – FEM simulation and verification (2018)

Additive manufacturing (3D printing) enables the designing and producing of complex geometries in a layer-by-layer approach. The layered structure leads to anisotropic behaviour in the material. To accommodate anisotropic behaviour, geometrical optimization is needed so that the 3D printed object meets the pre-set strength and quality requirements. In this article a material description for polymer powder bed fused also or selective laser sintered (SLS) PA12 (Nylon-12), which is a common 3D printing plastic, was investigated, using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The Material Model parameters were obtained by matching them to the test results of multipurpose test specimens (dumb-bells or dog bones) and the model was then used to simulate/predict the mechanical performance of the SLS printed lower-leg prosthesis components, pylon and support. For verification purposes, two FEM designs for a support were SLS printed together with additional test specimens in order to validate the used Material Model. The SLS printed prosthesis pieces were tested according to ISO 10328 Standard. The FEM simulations, together with the Material Model, was found to give good estimations for the location of a failure and its load. It was also noted that there were significant variations among individual SLS printed test specimens, which impacted on the material parameters and the FEM simulations. Hence, to enable reliable FEM simulations for the designing of 3D printed products, better control of the SLS process with regards to porosity, pore morphology and pore distribution is needed.
WMAP confirming the ellipticity in BOOMERanG and COBE CMB maps (2004)

The recent study of BOOMERanG 150 GHz Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation maps have detected ellipticity of the temperature anisotropy spots independent on the temperature threshold. The effect has been found for spots up to several degrees in size, where the biases of the ellipticity estimator and of the noise are small. To check the effect, now we have studied, with the same algorithm and in the same sky region, the WMAP maps. We find ellipticity of the same average value also in WMAP maps, despite of the different sensitivity of the two experiments to low multipoles. Large spot elongations had been detected also for the COBE-DMR maps. If this effect is due to geodesic mixing and hence due to non precisely zero curvature of the hyperbolic Universe, it can be linked to the origin of WMAP low multipoles anomaly.
Studies on Electrochemical Oxidation of Propylene Carbonate Electrolyte on LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Thin Film Electrode (2005)

In situ FTIR measurements were performed to analyze the electrochemical oxidation of propylene carbonate with 1.0 mol dm-3 LiClO4 on LiMn2O4 cathode used in rechargeable lithium batteries. A thin film electrode of LiMn2O4 was prepared by rf-sputtering method. The prepared LiMn2O4 film had a high quality as an electrode for the in situ FTIR measurement. The subtractively normalized interfacial FTIR (SNIFTIR) spectra were obtained at various electrode potentials from 3.8 V to 4.8 V vs. Li/Li+. The peaks in the SNIFTIR spectra corresponding to decomposition products of propylene carbonate showed that the electrochemical oxidation of propylene carbonate started at 4.4 V. The oxidation products of propylene carbonate were assigned to compounds having carboxylic groups. Furthermore, from the comparison of in situ FTIR spectra for LiCoO2 and LiMn2O4 cathodes, it was shown that final products depend on the kind of transition metal oxides.
Investigating the Factors Affecting the Adoption of Experiential Learning Programs: MBA Students Experience with Live-in-Labs (2020)

Live-in-Labs is an innovative approach to experiential learning for rapid translational research for the development of rural villages of India. It is designed as an ecosystem for multidisciplinary university student teams, field practitioners and researchers to jointly explore global sustainable development challenges and collaboratively design technology-based solutions. Within the context of Rogers' innovation diffusion theory, we expand the innovation-related attributes to understand students' rate of adoption and perceived value of the Live-in-Labs experience. In our research study, 99 students from an MBA program participated, supported by 9 faculty members. A 5-point Likert scale survey was administered to evaluate seven independent variables hypothesized to be factors that positively affect innovation adoption. Diffusion of innovation theory as operationalized in this study to predict adoption of Live-in-Labs, indicated that attributes such as Relative Advantage, Compatibility, Ease of Use and Department Support were positively related to adoption, with Ease of Use being the strongest contributor. Gender did not have any significant influence on adoption. Holistic experiential programs with translational research for social impact has thus far been relatively infrequent in the context of business education but has a great potential for simultaneously benefiting students and the rural community.
lcbb/DNA-Memory-Blocks: Publication release (2021)

This release is associated with the publication: Banal, J.L., Shepherd, T.R., Berleant, J., Huang, H, Reyes, M., Ackerman, C.M., Blainey, P.C., Bathe, M. "Random access DNA memory using Boolean search in an archival file storage system." Nature Materials (2021).
Specificity determinants of rat tissue kallikrein probed by site-directed mutagenesis (1992)

Site-specific mutagenesis was employed to study structure-function relationships at the substrate binding site of rat tissue kallikrein. Four kallikrein mutants, the Pro219 deletion (P219del), the 34-38 loop Tyr-Tyr-Phe-Gly to Ile-Asn mutation [YYFG(34-38)IN], the Trp215----Gly exchange (W215G) and the double mutant with Tyr99----His and Trp215----Gly exchange (Y99H:W215G) were created by site-directed mutagenesis to probe their function in substrate binding. The mutant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli at high levels and analyzed by Western blot. These mutant enzymes were purified to apparent homogeneity. Each migrated as a single band on SDS-PAGE, with slightly lower molecular mass (36 kDa) than that of the native enzyme, (38 kDa) because of their lack of glycosylation. The recombinant kallikreins are immunologically identical to the native enzyme, displaying parallelism with the native enzyme in a direct radioimmunoassay for rat tissue kallikrein. Kinetic analyses of Km and kcat using fluorogenic peptide substrates support the hypothesis that the Tyr99-Trp215 interaction is a major determinant for hydrophobic P2 specificity. The results suggest an important role for the 34-38 loop in hydrophobic P3 affinity and further show that Pro219 is essential to substrate binding and efficient catalysis of tissue kallikrein.
Advancements in the molecular pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome (2009)

Newly identified molecular defects, the creation of animal models, and several advancements in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis have dramatically improved diagnostic and therapeutic potential of myelodysplastic syndrome.
The Predictive Performance of Objective Measures of Physical Activity Derived From Accelerometry Data for 5-Year All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults: National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2003–2006 (2019)

Objective accelerometry-derived PA measures outperform traditional predictors of 5-year mortality, including age. This highlights the importance of wearable technology for providing reproducible, unbiased, and prognostic biomarkers of health.
Characterization of clusters in rare earth-doped fibers by transmission measurements (1995)

We show theoretically that the absorption saturation behavior of clustered rare earth-doped fibers depends strongly on the percentage and/or the size of the clusters, which can form the basis for a simple diagnostic tool. When applied to published transmission measurements in Er-Al-P-doped fibers, this technique indicates low percentages of clusters in fibers co-doped with P and/or Al. In Nd-doped fibers with no co-dopants, it shows the presence of a high percentage of large clusters. Estimates of the time constant and strength of the cross relaxation process in Nd and Er clusters are inferred from these measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Narrow band gap conjugated polyelectrolytes for photothermal killing of bacteria (2015)

We report the demonstration of antimicrobial conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) with high NIR absorbance for selective and efficient photothermal killing of bacteria over mammalian cells. The antimicrobial CPE possessing quaternary ammonium (QA) terminated side chains (P1) shows higher binding preference and increased dark toxicity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria over mammalian cells. Bestowed by π-conjugated backbones, P1 exhibits a high molar absorptivity of 39.8 L g<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup> at 808 nm with an efficient photothermal conversion efficiency of 33 ± 1%. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, P1 shows enhanced bactericidal effects, but not to mammalian cells. Although the anionic CPE counterpart with the same polymer backbone but sulfonate terminated side chains (P2) possesses a similar photothermal conversion ability, it exhibits much lower antibacterial effects due to its low binding affinity. This study thus reveals that bacteria-CPE electrostatic interactions play a major role in bacterial recognition, although hydrophobic interactions also contribute.
Conformations of aminophosphines. 2-Dialkylamino-1,3-dimethyl-1,3,2-diazaphospholanes (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformations of aminophosphines. 2-Dialkylamino-1,3-dimethyl-1,3,2-diazaphospholanesJ. H. Hargis, S. D. Worley, W. B. Jennings, and M. S. TolleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 24, 8090–8091Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00466a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00466a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An EGR Cooler Fouling Model: Experimental Correlation and Model Uses (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Thermal effectiveness of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) coolers used in diesel engines can progressively decrease and stabilize over time due to inner fouling layer of the cooler tubes. Thermophoretic force has been identified as the major cause of diesel exhaust soot fouling, and models are proposed in the literature but improvements in simulation are needed especially for the long-term trend of soot deposition. To describe the fouling stabilization behavior, a removal mechanism is required to account for stabilization of the soot layer. Observations from previous experiments on surrogate circular tubes suggest there are three primary factors to determine removal mechanisms: surface temperature, thickness, and shear velocity. Based on this hypothesis, we developed a 1D CFD fouling model for predicting the thermal effectiveness reduction of real EGR coolers. The model includes the two competing mechanisms mentioned that results in fouling balance. The deposition rate is calculated on a theoretical basis, while the removal rate calculation is based on empirical correlations derived from surrogate tubes. In combination with real world EGR cooler fouling data, the 1D fouling model is used to predict the long-term fouling behavior of production representative EGR coolers on a medium duty diesel engine for steady state conditions. Applicability of this model for various size and geometries of cooler tubes is discussed. Reduction of EGR cooler effectiveness is explored by running this model with regulatory driving cycle conditions and steady state conditions over the engine speed-load map.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Hop-count filtering (2003)

IP spoofing has been exploited by Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks to (1) conceal flooding sources and localities in flooding traffic, and (2) coax legitimate hosts into becoming reflectors, redirecting and amplifying flooding traffic. Thus, the ability to filter spoofed IP packets near victims is essential to their own protection as well as to their avoidance of becoming involuntary DoS reflectors. Although an attacker can forge any field in the IP header, he or she cannot falsify the number of hops an IP packet takes to reach its destination. This hop-count information can be inferred from the Time-to-Live (TTL) value in the IP header. Using a mapping between IP addresses and their hop-counts to an Internet server, the server can distinguish spoofed IP packets from legitimate ones. Base on this observation, we present a novel filtering technique that is immediately deployable to weed out spoofed IP packets. Through analysis using network measurement data, we show that Hop-Count Filtering (HCF) can identify close to 90% of spoofed IP packets, and then discard them with little collateral damage. We implement and evaluate HCF in the Linux kernel, demonstrating its benefits using experimental measurements.