gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Well-width dependence of photoluminescence emission from a-plane GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum wells (2004)

This work investigates the room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of nonpolar GaN/(∼100 Å Al0.16Ga0.84N) multiple quantum wells (MQWs) in comparison to c-plane structures as a function of GaN quantum well width. 10-period a-plane and c-plane MQW structures were simultaneously regrown on the appropriate GaN/sapphire template layers via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with well widths ranging from 20 to 70 Å. The PL emission energy from a-plane MQWs followed a square well trend modeled using self-consistent Poisson–Schrödinger calculations while the c-plane MQW emission showed a significant redshift with increasing well width which is attributed to the quantum-confined Stark effect. Despite a higher dislocation density, the a-plane MQWs exhibit enhanced recombination efficiency as compared to the c-plane wells since well emission is no longer observed for c-plane wells wider than 50 Å. Optimal PL emission intensity was obtained for 52 Å a-plane wells compared to 28 Å c-plane wells, revealing the effects of internal fields on quantum well emission.
Energy-efficient coordinated multi-cell multi-group multicast beamforming with antenna selection (2017)

This paper studies energy-efficient coordinated beamforming in multi-cell multi-user multigroup multicast multiple-input single-output systems. We aim at maximizing the network energy efficiency by taking into account the fact that some of the radio frequency chains can be switched off in order to save power. We consider the antenna specific maximum power constraints to avoid non-linear distortion in power amplifiers and user-specific quality of service (QoS) constraints to guarantee a certain QoS levels. We first introduce binary antenna selection variables and use the perspective formulation to model the relation between them and the beamformers. Subsequently, we propose a new formulation which reduces the feasible set of the continuous relaxation, resulting in better performance compared to the original perspective formulation based problem. However, the resulting optimization problem is a mixed-Boolean non-convex fractional program, which is difficult to solve. We follow the standard continuous relaxation of the binary antenna selection variables, and then reformulate the problem such that it is amendable to successive convex approximation. Thereby, solving the continuous relaxation mostly results in near-binary solution. To recover the binary variables from the continuous relaxation, we switch off all the antennas for which the continuous values are smaller than a small threshold. Numerical results illustrate the superior convergence result and significant achievable gains in terms of energy efficiency with the proposed algorithm.
Theory of Finite-Length Grain Boundaries of Controlled Misfit Angle in Two-Dimensional Materials (2017)

Grain boundaries in two-dimensional crystals are usually thought to separate distinct crystallites and as such they must either form closed loops or terminate at the boundary of a sample. However, when an atomically thin two-dimensional crystal grows on a substrate of nonzero Gaussian curvature, it can develop finite-length grain boundaries that terminate abruptly within a monocrystalline domain. We show that by properly designing the substrate topography, these grain boundaries can be placed at desired locations and at specified misfit angles, as the thermodynamic ground state of a two-dimensional (2D) system bound to a substrate. Compared against the hypothetical competition of growing defectless 2D materials on a Gaussian-curved substrate with consequential fold development or detachment from the substrate, the nucleation and formation of finite-length grain boundaries can be made energetically favorably given sufficient substrate adhesion on the order of tens of meV/Å<sup>2</sup> for typical 2D materials. New properties specific to certain grain boundary geometries, including magnetism and metallicity, can thus be engineered into 2D crystals through topographic design of their substrates.
Reduced peptide bond pseudopeptide analogues of secretin. A new class of secretin receptor antagonists. (1991)

The ability to assess the importance of secretin in various physiological processes is limited by the lack of specific potent antagonists. Recently, reduced peptide bond (psi) analogues of bombesin or substance P in which the -CONH- bond is replaced by -CH2NH- are reported to be receptor antagonists. To attempt to develop a new class of secretin receptor antagonists, we have adopted a similar strategy with secretin and sequentially altered the eight NH2-terminal peptide bonds, the biological active portion of secretin. In guinea pig pancreatic acini, secretin caused a 75-fold increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP). Secretin inhibited 125I-secretin binding with a half-maximal effect at 7 nM. Each of the psi analogues inhibited 125I-secretin binding. [psi 4,5]Secretin was the most potent, causing the half-maximal inhibition at 4 microM, and was 2-fold more potent than the [psi 1,2]secretin; 7-fold more than [psi 3,4]secretin, [psi 5,6]secretin, and [psi 8,9]secretin; 9-fold more than [psi 7,8]secretin; 13-fold more potent [psi 6,7]secretin, and 17-fold more than [psi 2,3]secretin. Secretin caused a half-maximal increase in cAMP at 1 nM. At concentrations up to 10 microM, [psi 2,3]secretin, [psi 4,5]secretin, and [psi 8,9]secretin did not alter cAMP whereas [psi 1,2]secretin and [psi 6,7]secretin caused a detectable increase in cAMP at 10 nM, [psi 7,8]secretin at 300 nM, [psi 5,6]secretin at 1 microM, and [psi 3,4]secretin at 10 microM. The [psi 4,5], [psi 2,3], and [psi 8,9] analogues of secretin each inhibited 1 nM secretin-stimulated cAMP as well as [psi 3,4]secretin, which functioned as a partial agonist. [psi 4,5]Secretin was the most potent, causing half-maximal inhibition at 3 microM whereas [psi 8,9]secretin was 6-fold less potent, and [psi 2,3]secretin and [psi 3,4]secretin were 17-fold less potent. [psi 4,5]Secretin inhibited secretin-stimulated cAMP and binding of 125I-secretin in a competitive manner. [psi 4,5]Secretin did not interact with cholecystokinin, bombesin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, or cholinergic receptors but did interact with receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide, causing half-maximal inhibition at 72 microM and thus had a 18-fold higher affinity for secretin than vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors. These results indicate that reduced peptide bond analogues of the NH2 terminus of secretin represent a new class of secretin receptor antagonists. It is likely that in the future even more potent members of this class can be developed which may be useful to investigate the role of secretin in various physiological processes.
Gamma irradiation of intravenous immunoglobulin. (2004)

This paper describes gamma irradiation of a biotherapeutic product under conditions (the Clearant Process") that protect proteins and foster inactivation of viruses and other pathogens. The treated product was immunoglobulin paste from cold ethanol fractionation of human plasma, a process intermediate in the production of intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV). The frozen paste was irradiated on dry ice to 45 kGy, conditions that inactivate > or = 4 log10 of non-enveloped viruses and > or = 6 log10 of enveloped viruses. When IGIV purified from the irradiated paste was characterized, no protein aggregation, fragmentation, oxidation or denaturation was detected and Fab functionality remained intact.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ: therapeutic target for diseases beyond diabetes: quo vadis? (2004)

The discovery that the insulin-sensitising thiazolidinediones (TZDs), specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, have antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects has led to the evaluation of their potential use in the treatment of diabetic complications and inflammatory, proliferative diseases in non-insulin-resistant, euglycaemic individuals. Apart from improving insulin resistance, plasma lipids and systemic inflammatory markers, ameliorating atherosclerosis and preventing coronary artery restenosis in diabetic subjects, currently approved TZDs have been shown to improve psoriasis and ulcerative colitis in euglycaemic human subjects. These data imply that the activation of PPAR-gamma may improve cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes in both insulin-resistant diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Through their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions, TZDs and other PPAR-gamma agonists may prove to be effective in treating diseases unrelated to insulin resistance, such as autoimmune (e.g., multiple sclerosis), atopic (e.g., asthma, atopic dermatitis) and other inflammatory diseases (e.g., psoriasis, ulcerative colitis). Newer and safer selective PPAR-gamma agonists are presently under development. Furthermore, of considerable interest is the recent discovery that a unique subset of currently prescribed antihypertensive angiotensin II Type 1 receptor antagonists has selective PPAR-gamma-modulating activity. These discoveries pave the way for the development of drugs for treating chronic multigenic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, for which therapy is presently insufficient or non-existent. The potential utility of the currently available TZDs rosiglitazone and pioglitazone and PPAR-gamma-modulating angiotensin II Type 1 receptor antagonists in treating cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory diseases in insulin resistant and euglycaemic states is of immense clinical potential and should be investigated.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Low-Dose Paclitaxel Reduces S100A4 Nuclear Import to Inhibit Invasion and Hematogenous Metastasis of Cholangiocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2. Low dose PTX reduced motility and invasiveness of CCA-TV3 cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Novel Role for the AnxA1-Fpr2/ALX Signaling Axis as a Key Regulator of Platelet Function to Promote Resolution of Inflammation (2019)

Intravital microscopy revealed heightened platelet adherence and aggregate formation post I/RI, which were further exacerbated in AnxA1<sup>-/-</sup> mice. AnxA1 administration regulated platelet function directly (eg, via reducing thromboxane B<sub>2</sub> and modulating phosphatidylserine expression) to promote cerebral protection post-I/RI and act as an effective preventative strategy for stroke by reducing platelet activation, aggregate formation, and cerebral thrombosis, a prerequisite for ischemic stroke. To translate these findings into a clinical setting, we show that AnxA1 plasma levels are reduced in human and murine stroke and that AnxA1 is able to act on human platelets, suppressing classic thrombin-induced inside-out signaling events (eg, Akt activation, intracellular calcium release, and Ras-associated protein 1 [Rap1] expression) to decrease α<sub>IIb</sub>β<sub>3</sub> activation without altering its surface expression. AnxA1 also selectively modifies cell surface determinants (eg, phosphatidylserine) to promote platelet phagocytosis by neutrophils, thereby driving active resolution. (n=5-13 mice/group or 7-10 humans/group.) Conclusions: AnxA1 affords protection by altering the platelet phenotype in cerebral I/RI from propathogenic to regulatory and reducing the propensity for platelets to aggregate and cause thrombosis by affecting integrin (α<sub>IIb</sub>β<sub>3</sub>) activation, a previously unknown phenomenon. Thus, our data reveal a novel multifaceted role for AnxA1 to act both as a therapeutic and a prophylactic drug via its ability to promote endogenous proresolving, antithromboinflammatory circuits in cerebral I/RI. Collectively, these results further advance our knowledge and understanding in the field of platelet and resolution biology.
Photon Diffusion Associated with a Cylindrical Applicator Boundary for Axial Trans-lumenal Optical Tomography: Experimental Examination of the Steady-State Theory (2010)

A new approach for steady-state photon diffusion modeling associated with a cylindrical applicator boundary for trans-luminal optical tomography was evaluated numerically and experimentally. In the diffusion regime the theoretical predictions agree well with experimental findings.
Selective Adsorption of Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Matter to Inorganic Surfaces Along a Boreal Inland Water Continuum (2020)

Abstract Different processes contribute to the loss or transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and change DOM concentration and composition systematically along the inland water continuum. Substantial efforts have been made to estimate the importance of microbial and photochemical degradation for DOM concentration and composition and, to some extent, also DOM losses by flocculation, whereas the significance of DOM adsorption to inorganic surfaces has received less attention. Hence, knowledge on the possible extent of adsorption, its effect on DOM loads and composition and on where along the aquatic continuum it might be important, is currently limited or lacking altogether. Here we experimentally determine DOM adsorption onto mineral particles in freshwater ecosystems covering a water residence time gradient in boreal landscape Sweden. We hypothesized that adsorption would gradually decrease with increasing water residence time but actually found that DOM is highly susceptible to adsorption throughout the aquatic continuum. Mass spectrometry and fluorescence analysis on DOM suggest that freshly produced aquatic DOM is less susceptible to adsorption than more terrestrial material. Moreover, the percentage DOM adsorbed in the experiments greatly exceeds the actual adsorption taking place in boreal inland waters across all studied systems. These results illustrate the potential impact of mineral erosion, for example, as a result of agriculture, mining or forestry practices, on the availability, transport, and composition of organic carbon in inland waters.
Syndiospecific Propylene Polymerization with C1 Symmetric Group 4 ansa-Metallocene Catalysts (2001)

C1 symmetric group 4 ansa-metallocenes [Me2C(Cp)(3-CH2X-2-R-Ind)MCl2 (M = Zr, R = H, X = Me (3); M = Zr, R = H, X = SiMe3 (4); M = Zr, R = Me, X = SiMe3 (5); M = Hf, R = H, X = SiMe3 (6); M = Hf, R = Me, X = SiMe3 (7); Cp = cyclopentadienyl, Ind = indenyl), upon activation with methylaluminoxane (MAO), catalyze the polymerization of propylene to predominantly syndiotactic polypropylene. The preparations of complexes 3−7 and the molecular structures of 3 and 4 are reported. The polypropylenes produced have [rrrr] pentad contents ranging from 43 to 75% depending on the employed transition metal, ligand substitution pattern, and polymerization conditions. The 2-Me-substituted catalysts 5/MAO and 7/MAO exhibit higher activities and higher stereospecificities than their unsubstituted analogues 4/MAO and 6/MAO. Stereoselectivities of the zirconium catalysts 3−5/MAO are sensitive to the monomer concentration, showing decreasing syndiotacticities with decreasing propylene pressure due to increasing amount of skipped insertions. The dependence of the stereospecificity and polymerization activity on the ligand structure suggests that the conformation of the 3-(trimethylsilyl)methyl substituent can be perturbed by introduction of a 2-substituent, thus providing a tool to control the stereoerror formation.
The quantum dot spectrometer (1999)

We describe the simulations and experiments on an electrically-tunable spectrally-sensitive photodetector based on inhomogeneous absorption in a self-assembled quantum dot array and resonant tunneling through a coupled quantum well layer. The basic structure of our device, the quantum dot spectrometer (QDS) is given. The key components are the quantum dot layer, which produces spectrally sensitive absorption and the coupling layer, which reads out spectral information as a function of the applied voltage, V. The coupling layer consists of a pair of coupled quantum wells. For certain applied bias voltages across the quantum wells, resonant transfer from the quantum dot layer to the collector layer occurs. We have constructed a preliminary device based on these concepts using the InAs-GaAs-AlAs material system.
Ultraconserved non-coding RNA expression profiles in human prostate cancer (2008)

345 Completely conserved among human, rat, and mouse genomes, ultraconserved regions (UCRs) act as transcriptional enhancers and have been found to be associated with alternative splicing events. The data indicate that UCRs contribute to RNA surveillance in mammalian cells. A recent study has shown that transcripts encoded by UCRs are expressed in human tissues and their expression is altered in human cancer. Thus, these RNAs (ucRNAs) have been hypothesized to have a role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis of cancer. In this study we explored the role of ucRNAs in human prostate cancer by examining genome wide ucRNA expression patterns in resected prostate adenocarcinomas and also in androgen (AR) insensitive (DU-145) and sensitive (LNCaP) prostate cells lines stimulated with the synthetic AR ligand R1881. Usinga microarray containing 962 UCR probes, we identified expression patterns of ucRNAs that differentiate tumor tissues from non-tumor tissues and found association of ucRNA expression patterns with several phenotypes related to poor outcome including Gleason score, extraprostatic extension, and race/ethnicity. We also identified several ucRNAs that are differentially expressed upon AR stimulation. Lastly, we compared the expression of ucRNA with global mRNA and microRNA expression patterns to examine host, mRNA, and microRNA relationships that may yield novel insight into the function of transcripts derived from UCRs. Taken together this study suggests a significant association of ucRNAs with the pathogenesis of human prostate cancer.
Dietary Restriction in Aging Nonhuman Primates (2006)

Dietary restriction (DR) has been shown to benefit health and longevity in a wide variety of species, although most have maximal life spans of only a few years. In 1987, the National Institute on Aging began the first well-controlled long-term study in a species with a considerably longer life span and a closer physiology to humans. Using rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), an extensive array of physiological measures have been conducted in both males and females to evaluate the effects of DR. Monkeys benefit from DR with a lower body weight, body fat, blood glucose and thus are at lower risk for developing diabetes. Changes in several endocrine measures indicate an altered hormonal axis; however, circadian patterns and timing relative to the onset of DR can obscure the differences. Despite the caloric deficit, female monkeys are not reproductively compromised, and both males and females may benefit immunologically. There remains much to be learned from this model of DR including whether long-term DR will increase life span in a primate species.
Serial concatenation of LDPC codes and differential modulations (2005)

In this paper, we consider serially concatenated schemes with outer novel and efficient low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and inner modulations effective against channel impairments. With a pragmatic approach, we show how to design LDPC codes tailored for simple and robust modulation formats, such as differentially encoded (DE) modulations. The LDPC codes are optimized through the use of a recently proposed analysis technique based on extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts. In particular, we optimize, through a "clever" random walk in the parametric space, the degree distributions of the outer LDPC codes, obtaining significant insights on the impact of such distributions on the performance of the proposed concatenated schemes. The optimization is carried out for transmission over both the additive white Gaussian noise channel and a noncoherent channel. The performance predicted by the EXIT chart-based optimization is confirmed by results obtained via computer simulations, considering phase-shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation at the transmitter side, and iterative demodulation/decoding at the receiver side. The significance of the proposed optimized design of LDPC-coded schemes with DE modulations is validated by the fact that standard nonoptimized LDPC codes perform poorly when used together with inner DE modulations.
CMOS compatible wafer scale adhesive bonding for circuit transfer (2002)

Reports on a transfer technique for CMOS circuits based on a newly developed bonding technique, namely wafer scale adhesive bonding using epoxies. The circuit transfer sequence consists of three steps: bonding a CMOS processed SIMOX wafer to a Pyrex glass wafer, thinning the SIMOX wafer down to the buried oxide and exposing the contact pads. A test chip was designed to evaluate the impact of circuit transfer on the device performance. Measurements have shown a slight increase in leakage current and a small change of threshold voltage due to stress induced by the circuit transfer.
Near-field penetrating optical microscopy: a live cell nanoscale refractive index measurement technique for quantification of internal macromolecular density (2012)

Quantification of intracellular nanoscale macromolecular density distribution is a fundamental aspect to understanding cellular processes. We report a near-field penetrating optical microscopy (NPOM) technique to directly probe the internal nanoscale macromolecular density of biological cells through quantification of intracellular refractive index (RI). NPOM inserts a tapered optical fiber probe to successive depths into an illuminated sample. A 50 nm diameter probe tip collects signal that exhibits a linear relationship with the sample RI at a spatial resolution of approximately 50 nm for biologically relevant measurements, one order of magnitude finer than the Abbe diffraction limit. Live and fixed cell data illustrate the mechanical ability of a 50 nm probe to penetrate biological samples.
A supplementary description of Longidorus diadecturus (Nematoda: Longidoridae) based on paratype specimens (2020)

A supplementary description of Longidorus diadecturus , based on paratype specimens and line drawings provided in the original description, is presented. This species is listed in Annex IIA of EU Regulation 2019/2072 due to its reported ability to vector Peach rosette mosaic virus.
Low-damping picosecond coherent vibration of lithographically fabricated silver nanostructures (2004)

Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy was used to investigate coherent phonons in a periodic array of silver nanoparticles embedded in a silica substrate. Small energy dissipation is observed compared to random nanoparticles in glass.
A study of lower-limb mechanics during stair-climbing. (1980)

The motions, forces, and moments at the major joints of the lower limbs of ten men ascending and descending stairs were analyzed using an optoelectronic system, a force-plate, and electromyography. The mean values for the maximum sagittalplane motions of the hip, knee, and ankle were 42, 88, and 27 degrees, respectively. The mean maximum net flexion-extension moments were: at the hip, 123.9 newton-meters going up and 112.5 newton-meters going down stairs; at the knee, 57.1 newton-meters going up and 146.6 newton-meters going down stairs; and at the ankle, 137.2 newton-meters going up and 107.5 newton-meters going down stairs. When going up and down stairs large moments are present about weight-bearing joints, but descending movements produce the largest moments. The magnitudes of these moments are considerably higher than those produced during level walking.