gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase field simulation of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric single crystals (2006)

Ferroelectric materials exhibit spontaneous polarization, spontaneous strain and domain structures below the Curie temperature. The phase field approach has been used to simulate the formation of ferroelectric domain structures and the ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase transformation. The evolution of phases and domain structures was simulated in ferroelectric single crystals by solving the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equation with polarization as the order parameter. In the TDGL equation the free energy of a ferroelectric crystal is written as a function of polarization and applied fields. Change of temperature as well as application of stress and electric field leads to change of free energy level and therefore evolution of phase and domain states. In this work the temporal evolution of polarization field was computed by solving the TDGL equation with explicit time integration scheme. The finite difference method was implemented for the spatial description of the polarization. Cubic to tetragonal, cubic to rhombohedral and ferroelectric to antiferroelectric (tetragonal or rhombohedral) phase transformations were modeled and the formation of domain structures were simulated. Field induced polarization switching and the macroscopic material responses were simulated.
Phenotypic Switching ofCryptococcus neoformansCan Produce Variants That Elicit Increased Intracranial Pressure in a Rat Model of Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis (2005)

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) plays an important role in the morbidity and mortality of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. The microbial and host factors that contribute to the development of increased ICP are poorly understood. We found that phenotypic switch variants of Cryptococcus neoformans (smooth and mucoid) differed in their abilities to promote increased ICP in a rat model of cryptococcal meningitis. Rats infected with the mucoid variant developed increased ICP, whereas rats infected with the smooth parent did not. This trend correlated with a shorter survival time and a higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fungal burden for mucoid variant-infected rats, although brain fungal burdens were comparable between mucoid variant- and smooth parent-infected rats. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed enhanced T2 signal intensity over the surfaces of the brains of mucoid variant-infected rats. In addition, more polysaccharide accumulated in the CSF and brains of mucoid variant-infected rats. The accumulation of glucorunoxylomannan was associated with elevated levels of MCP-1 (CCL2) and, accordingly, a more pronounced but ineffective monocytic inflammatory response in the meninges of mucoid variant-infected rats. In summary, these findings suggest that strain-specific characteristics can influence the development of increased ICP and indicate a manner in which phenotypic switching could influence the outcome of a central nervous system infection.
The double nature of the 3.1 eV emission in silica and in Ge-doped silica (1995)

The 3.1 eV photoluminescence emission ('beta' band) has been studied both in natural silica and in Ge-doped silica in the temperature range 80-475 K under UV and VUV excitation. A detailed analysis of the beta band, as a function of temperature and excitation energy in the 5 eV region, gives evidence for a double structure of this emission. A first component peaks at 3.05 eV at 300 K and increases its intensity as the temperature rises up to 380 K. A second one has a peak at 3.21 eV at room temperature and its emission intensity is constant up to 300 K. The two beta bands may be due to two different modifications of a Ge-related centre. However the presence of the beta emission in silica obtained from fused quartz with low Ge content would indicate that other impurities could favour the presence of the beta band as well.
HIV-1 Specific IgA Detected in Vaginal Secretions of HIV Uninfected Women Participating in a Microbicide Trial in Southern Africa Are Primarily Directed Toward gp120 and gp140 Specificities (2014)

Vaginal secretions of HIV-1 infected women contained IgG reactivity to a broad range of Env antigens and IgA reactivity to gp41. In contrast, Env-binding antibodies in the vaginal secretions of HIV-1 uninfected women participating in the microbicide trial were restricted to the IgA subtype and were mostly directed at HIV-1 gp120/gp140.
High-responsivity of InP-based photodiodes integrated with 90&#x00B0; hybrid by low excess loss MMI design over wide wavelength range (2014)

We demonstrated high-responsivity of InP-based photodiodes integrated with 90° hybrid by the low excess loss multimode interference design over wide wavelength range. These characteristics contribute to realizing high-sensitivity coherent receivers over their whole operating wavelength range.
MAVIREC: ML-Aided Vectored IR-Drop Estimation and Classification (2021)

Vectored IR drop analysis is a critical step in chip signoff that checks the power integrity of an on-chip power delivery network. Due to the prohibitive runtimes of dynamic IR drop analysis, the large number of test patterns must be whittled down to a small subset of worst-case IR vectors. Unlike the traditional slow heuristic method that select a few vectors with incomplete coverage, MAVIREC uses machine learning techniques -- 3D convolutions and regression-like layers -- for accurately recommending a larger subset of test patterns that exercise worst-case scenarios. In under 30 minutes, MAVIREC profiles 100K-cycle vectors and provides better coverage than a state-of-the-art industrial flow. Further, MAVIREC's IR drop predictor shows 10x speedup with under 4mV RMSE relative to an industrial flow.
A Novel Anti-Inflammatory d-Peptide Inhibits Disease Phenotype Progression in an ALS Mouse Model (2021)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterised by selective neuronal death in the brain stem and spinal cord. The cause is unknown, but an increasing amount of evidence has firmly certified that neuroinflammation plays a key role in ALS pathogenesis. Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders and has been implicated as driver of disease progression. Here, we describe a treatment study demonstrating the therapeutic potential of a tandem version of the well-known all-d-peptide RD2 (RD2RD2) in a transgenic mouse model of ALS (SOD1*G93A). Mice were treated intraperitoneally for four weeks with RD2RD2 vs. placebo. SOD1*G93A mice were tested longitudinally during treatment in various behavioural and motor coordination tests. Brain and spinal cord samples were investigated immunohistochemically for gliosis and neurodegeneration. RD2RD2 treatment in SOD1*G93A mice resulted not only in a reduction of activated astrocytes and microglia in both the brain stem and lumbar spinal cord, but also in a rescue of neurons in the motor cortex. RD2RD2 treatment was able to slow progression of the disease phenotype, especially the motor deficits, to an extent that during the four weeks treatment duration, no significant progression was observed in any of the motor experiments. Based on the presented results, we conclude that RD2RD2 is a potential therapeutic candidate against ALS.
On Designing Privacy-Aware Data Upload Mechanism -- Towards Information-Gathering System for Disasters (2012)

A key issue for an organization that is responsible for disaster and emergency management becomes how to gather reliable and useful information during a major disaster. We consider an information-gathering platform for large-scale disasters and emergencies based on mobile terminals. A simple solution to realize an information-gathering system is to construct a server where information is uploaded and published. However, such a centralized approach is not flexible nor is it robust. For example, it is very hard to find an appropriate system to which the user can upload information during a disaster, and the centralized server may be down because of overload or has been physically destroyed. We must consider a distributed and dynamic architecture for the system. Security and privacy issues are another concern that should be addressed for providing information from user's mobile terminals. We focus on a design of a privacy preserving data upload mechanism for the information-gathering system. We design the mechanism that accommodates privacy requirements and present a feasibility analysis of the mechanism.
Redox-active pH-responsive molecules: ferrocenylphosphonic acid, ferrocenylmethylphosphonic acid and 1,1′-ferrocenylbisphosphonic acid. Structural determination of FcPO3Na2·5H2O (2005)

The acidity constants of the reduced and oxidized species of ferrocenylphosphonic acids FcPO3H2, FcCH2PO3H2 and fc(PO3H2)2 (Fc = (eta5-C5H5)Fe(eta5-C5H4), fc = (eta5-C5H4)Fe(eta5-C5H4)) in water have been evaluated by potentiometric, 31P NMR, and electrochemical methods. The oxidized forms are more acidic than the reduced ones. The interaction between the redox centre and the charged oxygen atoms of the phosphonate group is shown to be electrostatic. The maximum oxidation shift DeltaE between the protonated and unprotonated species increases with the number of charges of the substrate and decreases with the increase of the distance between the ferrocenyl centre and the oxygen atoms of the phosphonate group. The structure of FcPO3Na2.5H2O is determined. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system. It is lamellar with an inorganic layer formed by tetramers Na4O14, the ferrocenyl groups occupying the interlamellar space.
Diamond optomechanical crystals in the resolved-sideband regime (2016)

We demonstrate diamond optomechanical crystals (OMCs), which support a ~6 GHz mechanical cavity coupled to a co-resonant ~200 THz photon field. Diamond OMCs are optically driven to a cooperativity &gt;1, highlighted by observed ‘phonon lasing’.
Photoredox Activation of SF6 for Fluorination (2016)

We report the first practical use of SF<sub>6</sub> as a fluorinating reagent in organic synthesis. Photoredox catalysis enables the in situ conversion of SF<sub>6</sub> , an inert gas, into an active fluorinating species by using visible light. Under these conditions, deoxyfluorination of allylic alcohols is effected with high chemoselectivity and is tolerant of a wide range of functional groups. Application of the methodology in a continuous-flow setup achieves comparable yields to those obtained with a batch setup, while providing drastically increased material throughput of valuable allylic fluoride products.
Serum antibodies to lipophilin B detected in late stage breast cancer patients. (2003)

Lipophilin B mRNA is overexpressed in approximately 70% of breast tumors and shows a high degree of correlation with the mRNA expression profile of mammaglobin. This is further supported by the recent finding that, like other members of the secretoglobulin-uteroglobin family, mammaglobin and lipophilin B form a heteroduplex. The studies described show that there are pre-existing antibodies to lipophilin B peptide in the sera of breast cancer patients with different stages and grade of tumor and that this response is different from that seen to recombinant mammaglobin and native mammaglobin-lipophilin B complex. The highest titers were observed in later stage tumors. In addition, low levels of antibody were also seen in some patients with prostate and ovarian cancers, consistent with lipophilin B mRNA expression in these tumors at lower abundance than in breast tumors. In contrast, lipophilin B antibodies were absent in 20 healthy donor sera and 30 lung cancer sera. A polymorphism identified in Lipophilin B did not appear to influence human sera reactivity. The data indicate that humoral immune responses to lipophilin B may serve as a diagnostic indicator, particularly for breast cancer.
Optimized Respiratory Reference Position for 3D Self-Navigated Whole Heart Coronary MRA (2013)

Keywords: Coronary MRA ; Respiratory Self-Navigation ; Reference Respiratory Position Reference EPFL-CONF-186397 Record created on 2013-05-07, modified on 2017-05-12
Development of F2 exposure tools (2002)

Summary form only given. ArF lithography (wavelength 193 nm) is expected to start its mass-production stage at this time. It will cover the 100 nm resolution node and will extend to near 80 nm. F2 lithography (wavelength 157 nm) is expected to come next; it is the technology that realizes both high throughput (comparable to ArF) and high resolution below 70 nm at the same time. F2 exposure tools have similar structure to ArF tools; but there are significant differences in optics, materials and mechanical structures.
What did you Mention? A Large Scale Mention Detection Benchmark for Spoken and Written Text (2018)

We describe a large, high-quality benchmark for the evaluation of Mention Detection tools. The benchmark contains annotations of both named entities as well as other types of entities, annotated on different types of text, ranging from clean text taken from Wikipedia, to noisy spoken data. The benchmark was built through a highly controlled crowd sourcing process to ensure its quality. We describe the benchmark, the process and the guidelines that were used to build it. We then demonstrate the results of a state-of-the-art system running on that benchmark.
Dissection of the growth versus metabolic effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I in transfected cells expressing kinase-defective human insulin receptors. (1990)

We have recently reported that the expression of an in vitro mutated, kinase-defective insulin receptor (A/K1018) leads to cellular insulin resistance when expressed in Rat 1 fibroblasts. That is, despite the presence of normal numbers of activatable native insulin receptors in the host cell, the A/K1018 receptors prevent the normal receptors from phosphorylating endogenous substrates and from signalling insulin action, perhaps by competing for limiting amounts of these substrates. We report here that insulin-like growth factor I-stimulated phosphorylation of two endogenous substrate proteins, pp220 and pp170, is also inhibited in cells expressing A/K1018 receptors. Because insulin-like growth factor I stimulation of glucose uptake is not inhibited in cells with A/K1018 receptors while pp220 and pp170 phosphorylation is inhibited, it is unlikely that either pp220 or pp170 are involved in mediating the stimulation of glucose transport. In contrast, insulin-like growth factor I-mediated stimulation of mitogenesis is inhibited in cells with A/K1018 receptors. Thus, pp170 or pp220 could be involved in mitogenic signalling. We also report that both H2O2 and tetradecanoylphorbolacetate stimulate glucose transport normally in cells with A/K1018 receptors. Phorbol esters also lead to the phosphorylation of both normal and A/K1018 receptors on serine and/or threonine. This argues that phorbol esters or H2O2 bypass the normal proximal steps in signalling insulin action.
Redox doping and electron transport in metal-organic frameworks (2017)

Author(s): Aubrey, Michael; Wiers, Brian; Andrews, Sean; Sakurai, Tsuneaki; Reyes-Lillo, Sebastian; Hamed, Samia; Yu, Chung Jui; Mason, Jarad; Baeg, Jin-Ook; Grandjean, Fernande; Long, Gary; Seki, Shu; Neaton, Jeffrey B; Yang, Peidong; Long, Jeffrey
Soft hybrid nanoparticles: From preparation to biomedical applications (2014)

International audience
Controlling mechanical properties of a polymeric glass (2016)

In this work we use molecular simulations to examine methods of controlling mechanical properties of polymeric glass materials such as elastic moduli, mechanical heterogeneity as well as their glass transition temperature. We study filled and unfilled polymers and examine the effect of particle size, volume fraction and polymer-particle interactions. We identify a relationship between mobility and dynamic heterogeneity with elastic moduli and glass transition temperature.
Real-time communication in ATM networks (2002)

The asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is expected to be the multiplexing and switching technique for the future broadband integrated service digital networks (BISDNs) which can transport almost all types of traffic including bursty data traffic and continuous voice/video frames. However, this capability cannot be realized without a proper congestion-control scheme. This paper discusses the suitability of the real-time channel approach for congestion control in ATM networks. A main contribution of the paper is the development of a new message-transmission scheme for real-time channels which does not require each cell to carry deadline information which is difficult to do with the standard ATM cell format. This makes our scheme compatible with, and implementable in, ATM networks. The new scheme also has a number of advantages over existing ones. The achievable quality of service with the proposed approach would make ATM networks capable of supporting both real-time services and dynamic bandwidth sharing which have been promised but not yet fully realized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Extremely nondegenerate nonlinear refraction and dispersion in semiconductors (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Nondegenerate nonlinear refraction (ND-NLR) in semiconductors is greatly enhanced over the degenerate case and exhibits strong nonlinear dispersion, which provides the potential to greatly modify the refractive dispersion. This nondegenerate enhancement arises from the resonance of the small photon energy with the intraband self-transition, and the larger photon energy with the interband transition. Our earlier theory predicts the dispersion of ND-NLR in semiconductors from a Kramers-Kronig transformation of a nonlinear absorption spectrum, which considers nondegenerate two-photon absorption (ND-2PA), electronic Raman, and quadratic Stark effect. Experimentally, the dispersion of ND-NLR is measured using our Beam-Deflection technique, and the coefficient, n2, is determined over a broad spectral range with various degrees of nondegeneracy. In the extremely nondegenerate case, n2 is greatly enhanced near the onset of ND-2PA, which rapidly switches sign to negative near the bandgap over a very narrow wavelength range. The data suggests larger figure-of-merits by using ND-NLR for all-optical switching. Near and within the ND-2PA regime, strongly dispersive ND-NLR can significantly alter the dispersion of a material, and provides the possibility to optically modify the group index, and group velocity dispersion (GVD) properties. From their irradiance dependence, the nonlinear group index, n2,g, and the nonlinear GVD factor, D2, are calculated from the first and second order derivatives of n2, which show even greater nondegenerate enhancement. Also the nonlinear group index is maximized where there is no two-photon absorption. Potential applications, including nondegenerate all-optical switching based on n2,g, and ultrafast all-optical pulse shaping based on D2, are discussed.
Trajectories of decline on instrumental activities of daily living prior to dementia in persons with mild cognitive impairment (2020)

Abstract Objectives The main objective was to determine the trajectory of instrumental activities of daily living (iADL) decline in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who progressed towards dementia relative to persons with MCI who remained stable. Methods/Design At study entry, 121 participants met criteria for MCI. Based on the follow‐up, 47 participants later converted to dementia and were identified as progressors. Sixteen participants, identified as decliners, presented a significant cognitive decline but did not reach the criteria for dementia within the study timeframe. Stable MCI remained cognitively stable during the 5‐year follow‐up; n = 58. Participants completed a yearly assessment using clinical tests/questionnaires, neuropsychological measures, and functional autonomy assessment until they met criteria for dementia. The average number of months for the follow‐up was 34. Results Many years of stable performance followed by an accelerated decline just prior to diagnosis, was observed for complex activities for progressors. No change was found for stable MCI and a gradual linear decline characterized decliners. The housekeeping‐related activities component showed a linear decline in progressors and did not change in stable and decliner MCI. We found a predictive model that includes significant predictors of dementia conversion with a high diagnostic accuracy the following year (area under the curve = 0.94 [95% confidence level; lower bound: 0.87, upper bound: 1]). Conclusions It is critical to assess iADL that reflect complex activities in the evaluation of MCI individuals as their impairment, combined with change on cognitive markers, indicates a higher risk of dementia progression 1 or 2 years later.
Controlling the conductivity of Ti3C2MXenes by inductively coupled oxygen and hydrogen plasma treatment and humidity (2017)

With oxygen and hydrogen plasma the resistivity of transparent MXene electrodes can be controlled.
Metagenomic analysis of planktonic riverine microbial consortia using nanopore sequencing reveals insight into river microbe taxonomy and function (2020)

Deeper understanding that emerged is that river microbial consortia and the ecological functions they fulfil did not align with geographic location but instead implicated ecological responses of microbes to urban and other anthropogenic effects, and that changes in taxa manifested over a very short geographic space.
A 47&#x03BC;W 204MHz AlN Contour-Mode MEMS based tunable oscillator in 65nm CMOS (2013)

A voltage controlled MEMS oscillator (VCMO) fabricated in 65nm CMOS process is proposed in this paper. The piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) Contour-Mode MEMS resonator based oscillator can be operated under multiple frequencies from 204MHz, to 517MHz, to 850MHz. A maximum overall tuning range of 611ppm is achieved at a center frequency of 204MHz. The proposed oscillator operates in the sub-threshold region, resulting in a power consumption of 47μW measured under a 0.55V power supply, which is the lowest reported in literature for an application in the 200MHz range. The measured oscillator phase noise is -77dBc/Hz at 1kHz offset from the 204MHz carrier.
Synthesis and electroluminescent properties of polyfluorene‐based conjugated polymers containing bipolar groups (2009)

Abstract A bipolar dibromo monomer, bis‐(4‐bromophenyl)[4‐(3,5‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐ triazole‐4‐yl)‐phenyl]amine ( 9 ), containing electro‐rich triphenylamine and electro‐deficient 1,2,4‐triazole moieties was newly synthesized and characterized. Two fluorescent fluorene‐based conjugated copolymers ( TPAF , TPABTF ) were prepared via facile Suzuki coupling from the dibromo bipolar monomer, 4,7‐dibromo‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole ( BTDZ ), and 9,9‐dioctylfluorene. They were characterized by molecular weight determination, IR, NMR, DSC, TGA, solubility, absorption and photoluminescence spectra, and cyclic voltammetry. The polymers showed good solubility in common organic solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and dichlorobenzene at room temperature. They had glass transition temperatures ( T g ) higher than 135 °C and 5% degradation temperatures in nitrogen atmosphere were higher than 428 °C. Single layer polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLED) of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer/metal showed a blue emission at 444 nm and Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) 1931 color coordinates of (0.16, 0.13) for TPAF . The device using TPABTF as emissive material showed electroluminescence at 542 nm with CIE1931 of (0.345, 0.625), low turn‐on voltage of 5 V, a maximum electroluminance of 696 cd/m 2 , and a peak efficiency of 2.02 cd/A. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6231–6245, 2009