gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a single crystal cubic Prussian blue Co8(tacn)8(CN)12 cluster by ion trap and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with microelectrospray ionization (1999)

A single crystal of Co8(tacn)8(CN)12 has been characterized by microelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The spectra obtained by use of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR), ion trap and quadrupole mass spectrometers show the +4, +3, and +2 charge states of the cluster. With the aid of a 9.4 tesla FT-ICR mass spectrometer it was possible to resolve the isotope pattern for each individual charge state. The data collected suggest that microelectrospray renders spectra which are more specific to the intact molecule, whereas more fragmentation is induced under normal electrospray conditions. The present data suggest that microelectrospray is a powerful tool for characterization of Prussian blue complexes.
Combination of sorafenib and everolimus impacts therapeutically on adrenocortical tumor models (2012)

Treatment options are insufficient in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Based on the efficacy of sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and everolimus, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin in tumors of different histotype, we aimed at testing these drugs in adrenocortical cancer models. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors (VEGFR1-2) was studied in 18 ACCs, 33 aldosterone-producing adenomas, 12 cortisol-producing adenomas, and six normal adrenal cortex by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry and by immunoblotting in SW13 and H295R cancer cell lines. The effects of sorafenib and everolimus, alone or in combination, were tested on primary adrenocortical cultures and SW13 and H295R cells by evaluating cell viability and apoptosis in vitro and tumor growth inhibition of tumor cell line xenografts in immunodeficient mice in vivo. VEGF and VEGFR1-2 were detected in all samples and appeared over-expressed in two-thirds of ACC specimens. Dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability was observed particularly in SW13 cells after 24 h treatment with either drug; drug combination produced markedly synergistic growth inhibition. Increasing apoptosis was observed in tumor cells treated with the drugs, particularly with sorafenib. Finally, a significant mass reduction and increased survival were observed in SW13 xenograft model undergoing treatment with the drugs in combination. Our data suggest that an autocrine VEGF loop may exist within ACC. Furthermore, a combination of molecularly targeted agents may have both antiangiogenic and direct antitumor effects and thus could represent a new therapeutic tool for the treatment of ACC.
Synthesis of Majusculamides A and B (2019)

The synthesis of two marine lipodipeptides, majusculamides A and B, is described. The key feature of this synthesis is the stereoselective construction of an α-methyl-β-keto-carboxamide moiety.
Broadband Absorption Enhancements Using Scattering Al Nanoparticle Arrays (2013)

Scattering nanoparticles of Au and Ag have been shown to provide absorption enhancements in solar cells at wavelengths longer than ~550 nm. However these systems typically suffer from losses at short wavelengths due to parasitic absorption in the metal. In this paper we show that the choice of scattering material is crucial to minimize parasitic losses and achieve broadband absorption enhancements. To this end we present the results of an experimental comparison of GaAs photodiodes with periodic arrays of Au, Ag and Al nanoparticles fabricated on the front surface. In particular, we demonstrate that by using Al nanoparticle arrays the optical absorption can be enhanced across a spectral range from 400 – 900 nm leading to an integrated external quantum efficiency enhancement of more than 20 %. Our results are supported by comprehensive 3D electromagnetic and electrical simulations that provide an insight into the underlying physics, demonstrating that the electric field penetration into Al is significantly lower than that of Au and Ag, hence reducing parasitic absorption.
Adaptive periodic IIR filters (2002)

We consider adaptive periodic IIR filtering and present an extension of the hyperstable adaptive recursive filter (HARF). We give conditions for convergence of the parameter estimate error, involving passivity of certain operators in the identification loop, identifiability of the system parameters, and persistent excitation (PE). A necessary and sufficient condition for identifiability is given and subject to its satisfaction, input-only conditions guaranteeing PE are given.
Isothermal Amplification and Ambient Visualization in a Single Tube for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Loop-Mediated Amplification and CRISPR Technology (2020)

We have developed a single-tube assay for SARS-CoV-2 in patient samples. This assay combined advantages of reverse transcription (RT) loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and the CRISPR-associated (Cas) enzyme Cas12a. Our assay is able to detect SARS-CoV-2 in a single tube within 40 min, requiring only a single temperature control (62 °C). The RT-LAMP reagents were added to the sample vial, while CRISPR Cas12a reagents were deposited onto the lid of the vial. After a half-hour RT-LAMP amplification, the tube was inverted and flicked to mix the detection reagents with the amplicon. The sequence-specific recognition of the amplicon by the CRISPR guide RNA and Cas12a enzyme improved specificity. Visible green fluorescence generated by the CRISPR Cas12a system was recorded using a smartphone camera. Analysis of 100 human respiratory swab samples for the N and/or E gene of SARS-CoV-2 produced 100% clinical specificity and no false positive. Analysis of 50 samples that were detected positive using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) resulted in an overall clinical sensitivity of 94%. Importantly, this included 20 samples that required 30-39 threshold cycles of RT-qPCR to achieve a positive detection. Integration of the exponential amplification ability of RT-LAMP and the sequence-specific processing by the CRISPR-Cas system into a molecular assay resulted in improvements in both analytical sensitivity and specificity. The single-tube assay is beneficial for future point-of-care applications.
SoLoMo analytics for telco Big Data monetization (2014)

The mobile Internet brought tremendous opportunities for businesses to capitalize on the vast amount of SoLoMo (social-location-mobile) data for delivering high-quality and personalized customer services. In this paper, we describe algorithms and technologies for discovering actionable customer insights using the combined power of social network, location pattern mining, and mobile usage analysis. We illustrate our implementation using Big Data platforms including IBM InfoSphere® BigInsights, IBM InfoSphere Streams, and IBM Netezza® Data Warehouse, while addressing various Big Data-related challenges, such as context generation of unstructured data and high-performance analytics for both data at rest and data in motion. The presented system combines location, social interactions, and user behavior data to find like-minded communities. The system leverages Big Data capabilities to attempt to scale to support the subscriber base of large telecoms in an efficient manner.
Comparison of eight commonly used regimens as first-line treatment of metastatic non-small lung cancer. (2016)

e20661 Background: Despite the wide availability of many chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), by design most clinical trials compare a treatment to a single standard regimen, making the choice between various treatment regimens challenging. Methods: We undertook a retrospective comparison of common treatment regimens given to patients with stage IV NSCLC between 2002 and 2012 at the University of Alabama at Birmingham to explore outcomes by first line treatment regimen. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22 software and calculated by log-rank testing Results: 409 patients received systemic treatment between 2002 and 2012. The commonly used regimens with numbers of patients sufficient for analysis are summarized in table, with median overall survival and median progression free survival and histological subtype for each regimen. In the first line setting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) for EGFR driven mutations were associated with best overall survival, with 19.11 months median survival. This was followed by paclitaxel/carboplatin/bevacizumab with median survival 18.3, followed by pemetrexed containing regimens. This difference in overall survival is statistically significant (p = 0.012). Conclusions: As well documented, patients with targetable EGFR mutations do best with TKIs. Of the patients without EGFR mutations, the longest survival was observed in those patients receiving frontline carboplatin/paclitaxel/bevacizumab mainly in non-squama histology. Pemetrexed and gemcitabine containing regimens also were associated with long survivals in patients with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell histology tumors, respectively. Regimens Overall Survival months Progression Free Survival months Histological percentage Adenocarcinoma SCC Other Tyrosine kinase inhibitor 19.11 8.03 57.1 11.9 31 paclitaxel+ Carboplatin+ bevacizumab 18.03 7.11 67.9 10.7 21.4 paclitaxel+ carboplatin 11.31 4.50 40.6 23.6 35.8 Docetaxel + platinum 9.97 4.13 33.3 16.7 50 Carboplatin+ Gemcitabine 11.64 4.44 28.6 22.9 48.6 Carboplatin+ pemetrexed 15.31 6.08 88 0 1 pemetrexed single agent 16.92 5.77 59.3 25.9 14.8 Gemcitabine single agent 15.15 4.95 0 100 0
Combining W-ISP and cellular interworking models for WLAN (2003)

It has become apparent that the models for WLAN interworking with cellular networks and W-ISP networks have started to diverge. This potentially results in a situation where WLAN hotspots are unable to simultaneously support both 3G and W-ISP subscribers. The paper discusses this issue in detail and suggests solutions to allow the co-existence of 3G and W-ISP subscribers within the same WLAN hotspot. The first section of this paper provides a brief overview of the functionality required to support the roaming of users between different service provider networks and highlights some of the current interworking techniques to support them. The next section outlines current state of the art interworking proposals that have been developed by various collaborative projects and technical bodies, and summarises the requirements each solution places on the hotspot. The areas where these solutions are incomplete or prevent co-existence are highlighted. The final section discusses how these approaches could be combined to produce a single generic interworking architecture that can be applied to both 3G and W-ISP roaming, and outlines continuing standardisation work in this area.
Development of a Novel Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramics System Composed of Two Different Co-Firable Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramics Materials (2006)

Two co-firable low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) materials with different permittivities were investigated. The first material has low-K and high stiffness, and the second material has high-K, high-Q, and near zero temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC). A resistor material, which is mainly composed of RuO2 and glass, is able to be buried into the LTCC substrate. To adjust the properties to the electric circuits, laser trimming of the embedded capacitors and resistors was performed. The constrained sintering method was applied to the substrate, and the dimension accuracy of the substrate is excellent.
Biomedical applications of radiation force generated in standing ultrasonic waves (2008)

This talk presents an overview of physical basis for the action of acoustic radiation force on particles in standing waves in relation to biomedical applications. The effect itself is known since the 19th century (Kundt, 1974) and its biomedical significance was demonstrated in 1971 by Dyson et al. However, despite a long history, extensive studies of particle behavior in standing ultrasonic waves have started only during the last decade due to numerous emerging biomedical applications. The range of currently explored applications is broad: targeted drug and gene delivery, increasing sensitivity of biosensors and immunochemical tests, manipulating cells in suspensions, microstirring, and others. The presentation will focus on theoretical analysis and applications of radiation force acting on particles and bubbles in the standing ultrasonic fields. Dynamics of particle motion induced by ultrasonic radiation force as a function of frequency, intensity, and other variables will be considered. The principal difference in interaction of ultrasonic standing wave field with solid particles and with bubbles due to resonant properties and high compressibility of the latter will be quantitatively analyzed. Several specific biomedical applications of the analyzed phenomena will be discussed.
Data from A Highly Potent and Specific MET Therapeutic Protein Antagonist with Both Ligand-Dependent and Ligand-Independent Activity (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Activation of the MET oncogenic pathway has been implicated in the development of aggressive cancers that are difficult to treat with current chemotherapies. This has led to an increased interest in developing novel therapies that target the MET pathway. However, most existing drug modalities are confounded by their inability to specifically target and/or antagonize this pathway. Anticalins, a novel class of monovalent small biologics, are hypothesized to be “fit for purpose” for developing highly specific and potent antagonists of cancer pathways. Here, we describe a monovalent full MET antagonist, PRS-110, displaying efficacy in both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent cancer models. PRS-110 specifically binds to MET with high affinity and blocks hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) interaction. Phosphorylation assays show that PRS-110 efficiently inhibits HGF-mediated signaling of MET receptor and has no agonistic activity. Confocal microscopy shows that PRS-110 results in the trafficking of MET to late endosomal/lysosomal compartments in the absence of HGF. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; administration of PRS-110 resulted in significant, dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition in ligand-dependent (U87-MG) and ligand-independent (Caki-1) xenograft models. Analysis of MET protein levels on xenograft biopsy samples show a significant reduction in total MET following therapy with PRS-110 supporting its ligand-independent mechanism of action. Taken together, these data indicate that the MET inhibitor PRS-110 has potentially broad anticancer activity that warrants evaluation in patients. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 12(11); 2459–71. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
RGD‐grafted poly‐l‐lysine‐graft‐(polyethylene glycol) copolymers block non‐specific protein adsorption while promoting cell adhesion (2003)

A novel class of surface-active copolymers is described, designed to protect surfaces from nonspecific protein adsorption while still inducing specific cell attachment and spreading. A graft copolymer was synthesized, containing poly-(L-lysine) (PLL) as the backbone and substrate binding and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as protein adsorption-resistant pendant side chains. A fraction of the grafted PEG was pendantly functionalized by covalent conjugation to the peptide motif RGD to induce cell binding. The graft copolymer spontaneously adsorbs from dilute aqueous solution onto negatively charged surfaces. The performance of RGD-modified PLL-g-PEG copolymers was analyzed in protein adsorption and cell culture assays. These coatings efficiently blocked the adsorption of serum proteins to Nb(2)O(5) and tissue culture polystyrene while specifically supporting attachment and spreading of human dermal fibroblasts. This surface functionalization technology is expected to be valuable in both the biomaterial and biosensor fields, because different signals can easily be combined, and sterilization and application are straightforward and cost-effective.
Hay Baler Injuries to the Upper Extremity (2007)

The degree of initial tissue loss seemed to correlate with both the ability to replant the extremity and the functional outcome of the reconstruction. Free tissue transfers or replantation improved results in selected cases. All patients in this series who underwent replantation and concurrent free tissue transfer ultimately obligated a revision amputation.
High Extinction, Broadband, and Low Loss Planar Waveguide Polarizers (2012)

A technique for making high extinction and broadband polarizers in a low loss planar waveguide platform is presented and characterized. Extinction greater than 78 dB is obtained with low loss for the desired polarization.
Improvement of metal and tissue adhesion on surface‐modified parylene C (2008)

A general method for chemical surface functionalization of parylene C [PC, (para-CH2-C6H3Cl-CH2-)n] films is reported. Friedel-Crafts acylation is used to activate the surface of the PC film, and the resulting carbonyl groups are then used to form a range of different organic functional groups to the surface of the parylene film, including alcohol, imine, thiol, phthalimide, amine, and maleimide. The presence of these functional groups on the parylene surface was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Static water drop contact angle measurements were also used to demonstrate the changes in hydrophilicity of the PC film surface, consistent with each of the surface modifications. Enhanced metal (gold) adhesion was achieved by anchoring a thiol group onto the acylated surface of PC film. Acylation of parylene with 2-chloropropionyl chloride gave a surface bound chloropropionyl group. Grafting of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM) onto the chloropropionyl substituted PC film via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was carried out. The grafted pNIPAM on the parylene surface leads to temperature-dependent cellular tissue adhesion on the PC film.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROXYL‐MEDIATED ELECTRO‐OXIDATION OF AMINES TO NITRILES AND CARBONYL COMPOUNDS (1984)

Abstract Unter Bedingungen der Elektrooxidation (0.33 V, Anfangsstromstärke 200‐300 mA) lassen sich Amine wie z.B. (II) in Gegenwart des Nitrosoniumions (I) innerhalb weniger Stunden zu den Nitrilen (III) oxidieren.
Optical waveguide trapping forces on hollow glass spheres (2011)

Three dimensional finite element method is employed to determine optical trapping forces on hollow glass spheres on an optical waveguide. The evanescent field from the waveguide interacts mostly with the shell of the hollow glass sphere. We describe how the optical forces vary with shell thickness and particle size, and find the minimum shell thickness allowing trapping and propulsion of hollow glass spheres. Hollow glass spheres with shell thickness less than the minimum are repelled away from the optical waveguide. The simulation results are compared with analytical Mie calculations and experimental data.
A discourse commitment-based framework for recognizing textual entailment (2007)

In this paper, we introduce a new framework for recognizing textual entailment which depends on extraction of the set of publicly-held beliefs -- known as discourse commitments -- that can be ascribed to the author of a text or a hypothesis. Once a set of commitments have been extracted from a t-h pair, the task of recognizing textual entailment is reduced to the identification of the commitments from a t which support the inference of the h. Promising results were achieved: our system correctly identified more than 80% of examples from the RTE-3 Test Set correctly, without the need for additional sources of training data or other web-based resources.
Jalangi: a tool framework for concolic testing, selective record-replay, and dynamic analysis of JavaScript (2013)

We describe a tool framework, called Jalangi, for dynamic analysis and concolic testing of JavaScript programs. The framework is written in JavaScript and allows implementation of various heavy-weight dynamic analyses for JavaScript. Jalangi incorporates two key techniques: 1) selective record-replay, a technique which enables to record and to faithfully replay a user-selected part of the program, and 2) shadow values and shadow execution, which enables easy implementation of heavy-weight dynamic analyses such as concolic testing and taint tracking. Jalangi works through source-code instrumentation which makes it portable across platforms. Jalangi is available at https://github.com/SRA-SiliconValley/jalangi under Apache 2.0 license. Our evaluation of Jalangi on the SunSpider benchmark suite and on five web applications shows that Jalangi has an average slowdown of 26X during recording and 30X slowdown during replay and analysis. The slowdowns are comparable with slowdowns reported for similar tools, such as PIN and Valgrind for x86 binaries.
Multilingual Transfer Learning for QA using Translation as Data Augmentation (2021)

Prior work on multilingual question answering has mostly focused on using large multilingual pre-trained language models (LM) to perform zero-shot language-wise learning: train a QA model on English and test on other languages. In this work, we explore strategies that improve cross-lingual transfer by bringing the multilingual embeddings closer in the semantic space. Our first strategy augments the original English training data with machine translation-generated data. This results in a corpus of multilingual silver-labeled QA pairs that is 14 times larger than the original training set. In addition, we propose two novel strategies, language adversarial training and language arbitration framework, which significantly improve the (zero-resource) cross-lingual transfer performance and result in LM embeddings that are less language-variant. Empirically, we show that the proposed models outperform the previous zero-shot baseline on the recently introduced multilingual MLQA and TyDiQA datasets.
Trade‐Off between Trap Filling, Trap Creation, and Charge Recombination Results in Performance Increase at Ultralow Doping Levels in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells (2016)

Doping of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells has the potential to improve their power conversion efficiency (PCE). Deconvoluting the effect of doping on charge transport, recombination, and energetic disorder remains challenging. It is demonstrated that molecular doping has two competing effects: on one hand, dopant ions create additional traps while on the other hand free dopant‐induced charges fill deep states possibly leading to V OC and mobility increases. It is shown that molar dopant concentrations as low as a few parts per million can improve the PCE of organic bulk heterojunctions. Higher concentrations degrade the performance of the cells. In doped cells where PCE is observed to increase, such improvement cannot be attributed to better charge transport. Instead, the V OC increase in unannealed P3HT:PCBM cells upon doping is indeed due to trap filling, while for annealed P3HT:PCBM cells the change in V OC is related to morphology changes and dopant segregation. In PCDTBT:PC70BM cells, the enhanced PCE upon doping is explained by changes in the thickness of the active layer. This study highlights the complexity of bulk doping in organic solar cells due to the generally low doping efficiency and the constraint on doping concentrations to avoid carrier recombination and adverse morphology changes.
Plasmonic Efficiency Enhancement of High Performance Organic Solar Cells with a Nanostructured Rear Electrode (2012)

A strategy and implementation for efficiency enhancement of optimized high performance organic solar cells by a plasmonic nanostructured Ag rear electrode is presented. This enhancement is achieved by tuning the surface plasmon resonance of the nanostructures to the active layer absorption tail, which generates enhanced absorption by light scattering, as verified by experiment and simulation.