gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing the computational requirements of adaptive equalization in underwater acoustic communications (2002)

A key component in coherent underwater acoustic communication systems is an adaptive equalizer capable of tracking changes in the acoustic environment. The computation requirements of this equalizer can be very high, requiring substantial computation hardware and high power consumption. Several techniques have been devised for reducing the computational load of the equalizer by exploiting structure in the acoustic environment. In essence, these methods trade equalizer decoding performance for computational efficiency by reducing the number of equalizer parameters, the complexity of the update algorithm, or the rate of parameter updating. In this paper, a generalized equalizer model is developed combining several such complexity reduction techniques. From this viewpoint, the potential and limitations of each technique are discussed. Results are presented showing that computation savings in excess of an order of magnitude are possible.
Optimization of etching processes for the fabrication of smooth silicon carbide membranes for applications in quantum technology (2022)

Recently, it has been demonstrated that Silicon Carbide (SiC) membranes can be used in quantum sensing and MEMS applications. One of the important steps for the production of such membranes is the removal of the substrate material in order to form membranes of micron or submicron thicknesses confining the active regions of fabricated devices to the high quality, doped controlled, epitaxial layers. Moreover, optical components such as Fabry-Pérot cavities and photonic crystals require membranes with smooth surfaces with roughnesses down to the nanometer scale. We report on the development of doping-selective electrochemical processes for the etching of SiC and investigate the creation of such membranes, including the path towards thinner and smoother layers for improved performance. We demonstrate that the resulting roughness of membranes is substantially reduced by novel lithographic patterning and ion beam etching (IBE) procedures to RMS values down to 6 nm.
Structural response of Helianthus solar sail during attitude maneuvers (2023)

The Helianthus mission proposal is based on maintaining an artificial L1-type equilibrium point in the Sun-Earth gravitational field by means of a square solar sail, which should provide the required propulsive acceleration without any consumption of propellant. That vantage point would enable a scientific observation of the Sun and guarantee an effective monitoring of its activity, thus ensuring early warning in the event of catastrophic solar flares. Due to the intrinsic instability of artificial L1-type equilibrium points, the spacecraft dynamics is regulated by an advanced attitude control system based on electrochromic devices, which can adjust their optical properties through the application of a suitable electric voltage. In particular, a sliding mode controller has been recently proposed to commute the activation state of those devices by assuming that the solar sail (that is, the assembly of a large reflective membrane and its supporting booms) behaves like a perfectly rigid body. The aim of this work is to validate the predicted spacecraft dynamics by performing an accurate structural analysis of the solar sail under operating conditions through a numerical approach. In particular, a finite element method is used to evaluate the sail dynamic response to control torques in the context of some reorientation maneuvers.
Transparent memory encryption and authentication (2017)

Security features of modern (SoC) FPGAs permit to protect the confidentiality of hard- and software IP when the devices are powered off as well as to validate the authenticity of IP when being loaded at startup. However, these approaches are insufficient since attackers with physical access can also perform attacks during runtime, demanding for additional security measures. In particular, RAM used by modern (SoC) FPGAs is under threat since RAM stores software IP as well as all kinds of other sensitive information during runtime. To solve this issue, we present an open-source framework for building transparent RAM encryption and authentication pipelines, suitable for both FPGAs and ASICs. The framework supports various ciphers and modes of operation as shown by our comprehensive evaluation on a Xilinx Zynq-7020 SoC. For encryption, the ciphers Prince and AES are used in the ECB, CBC and XTS mode. Additionally, the authenticated encryption cipher Ascon is used both standalone and within a TEC tree. Our results show that the data processing of our encryption pipeline is highly efficient with up to 94 % utilization of the read bandwidth that is provided by the FPGA interface. Moreover, the use of a cryptographically strong primitive like Ascon yields highly practical results with 54 % bandwidth utilization.
Benchmarks and Breakthroughs (2018)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTBenchmarks and BreakthroughsMichael J. SailorView Author Information University of California, San Diego, California United StatesCite this: ACS Sens. 2018, 3, 2, 239Publication Date (Web):February 23, 2018Publication History Received5 February 2018Published online23 February 2018Published inissue 23 February 2018https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssensors.8b00114https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.8b00114editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2018 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views571Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (411 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Anatomy,Benchmarking,Elements,Fibers,Sensors Get e-Alerts
An Integrated Microfluidic Device for the Continuous Sampling and Analysis of Biological Fluids (2001)

Abstract Enzyme based biosensors suffer from loss of activity and sensitivity. One major reason is due to large molecular weight proteins adsorbing on the surface of the sensor. These proteins affect sensor signal stability and disrupt enzyme function. Thus, one fruitful way to minimize the loss of sensor activity is to filter out large molecular weight compounds before they come in contact with the enzyme based biosensor. Further, the removal of free protein from biological solution helps to increase sensor accuracy and lifetime. Therefore, a microdialysis microneedle is introduced that is capable of excluding large MW compounds based on size. These microneedles have been integrated into a planar microfluidic system capable of sampling and analyzing biological solutions. The integrated microfluidic system includes the assembly of microneedles with on-chip flow channels and electronics together with previously designed positive displacement micropumps, microvalves and a planar electro-chemical sensor for biological detection. Multichannel fluidic control for biological sampling, sensor cleansing and recalibration is demonstrated with integrated sensor operation.
A Solaria white paper (2011)

For the last eight years, the solar industry has experienced annual growth of over 40%. Concerns over the rising costs of conventional energy, as well as its environmentally damaging effects, have been driving this vigorous investment in solar energy. Now, with grid parity almost upon us, the solar industry is reassessing what it will look like as a commoditized, mainstream power source. Do the best opportunities for solar lie with a centralized or decentralized model of production? What are the most bankable PV technologies? How can costs be cut and efficiencies improved to take things to the next level and make that last push to reach grid parity? In this paper, we will examine Solaria's LCPV technology and approach to the future of solar power.
Developing scaffolds for tissue engineering small diameter blood vessels (2002)

The issue related to the development of scaffolds for tissue-engineered small-diameter blood vessels, is presented. Presently, tubes are being prepared by freeze drying a suspension of type I insoluble collagen from bovine Achilles tendon in a tubular mould. It is estimated that after once cultured on the scaffolds, smooth muscle cells (SMC) would grow and produce extracellular matrix components (ECM), and develop new blood vessels. Different crosslinking methods as well as varius crosslinked samples were studied from a physical and chemical point of view to ascertain the situation.
Efficient Induction of T Cells against Conserved HIV-1 Regions by Mosaic Vaccines Delivered as Self-Amplifying mRNA (2018)

Focusing T cell responses on the most vulnerable parts of HIV-1, the functionally conserved regions of HIV-1 proteins, is likely a key prerequisite for vaccine success. For a T cell vaccine to efficiently control HIV-1 replication, the vaccine-elicited individual CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and as a population have to display a number of critical traits. If any one of these traits is suboptimal, the vaccine is likely to fail. Fine-tuning of individual protective characteristics of T cells will require iterative stepwise improvements in clinical trials. Although the second-generation tHIVconsvX immunogens direct CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells to predominantly protective and conserved epitopes, in the present work, we have used formulated self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) to deliver tHIVconsvX to the immune system. We demonstrated in BALB/c and outbred mice that regimens employing saRNA vaccines induced broadly specific, plurifunctional CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, which displayed structured memory subpopulations and were maintained at relatively high frequencies over at least 22 weeks post-administration. This is one of the first thorough analyses of mRNA vaccine-elicited T cell responses. The combination of tHIVconsvX immunogens and the highly versatile and easily manufacturable saRNA platform may provide a long-awaited opportunity to define and optimize induction of truly protective CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell parameters in human volunteers.
Specificity of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA)‐IgM detection in patients with HCV infection and rheumatoid factor seropositivity (2013)

IgM antibodies bound to different cancer antigens have shown recently a higher diagnostic value, compared with the corresponding free molecule, giving rise to a new family of biomarkers. High or increasing levels of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen (SCCA)-IgM immune complexes were associated with more advanced liver disease and increased risk of development of HCC. Rheumatoid factor (RF) represents a long-standing problem of interference for immunometric assays. The aim of the present study was to examine the specificity of SCCA-IgM in relation to the presence of RF reactivity in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Sera of 73 patients with cirrhosis, infected with HCV, (mean age ± SD: 66 ± 13 years; M/F: 45/28), including 21 patients with HCC, were studied. SCCA-IgM immune complexes levels were measured by a commercial ELISA. To evaluate the possible interfering effect of RF, the standard calibrator, positive for SCCA-IgM, was spiked with serial dilutions of a RF positive or negative serum. SCCA-IgM immune complexes were positive in 35 out of 73 (48%) patients, while RF activity was found in 10 out of 73 (14%) patients. Patients with cirrhosis with RF activity had significantly higher levels of SCCA-IgM, compared to RF negative cases; however, no significant correlation between SCCA-IgM and RF values was observed. In samples created artificially the same results in terms of reactivity for SCCA-IgM were obtained, regardless of the presence of RF activity. These findings support the lack of correlation between the two parameters found in sera of patients infected with HCV.
Technological Advances to Address the Challenging Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Neck (2023)

There have been significant technologic advances in endovascular aortic therapies since the introduction of conventional infrarenal endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). These advances have sought to address the weaknesses of conventional EVAR- particularly the difficult or "hostile" infrarenal aortic aneurysm neck. We review anatomical features that create a hostile neck and the most recent advancements to overcome these limitations. EndoAnchors replicate open suture fixation to seal endograft to aortic tissue and have been shown to be useful as a prophylactic measure in short, angulated necks as well as therapeutic for type Ia endoleaks. Fenestrated EVAR (FEVAR) devices such as the Z-fen (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA) raises the seal zone to the suprarenal segment while maintaining renal perfusion. Finally, multibranch aortic grafts such as the Thoracoabdominal Branch Endoprosthesis (Tambe; W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) raise the seal zone above the visceral segment and can be used off the shelf with promising results.
DNA Ploidy in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (1990)

The nuclear DNA content of 17 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors was measured from paraffin-embedded tissue with flow cytometry. The tumors were classified by immunostaining with antisera for synaptophysin, insulin, gastrin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Eight (47%) of the 17 tumors were aneuploid, and two (12%) were multiploid (had two aneuploid stemlines of cells). Seven of the eight insulinomas, one of the four gastrinomas, and two of the four nonspecified neuroendocrine tumors had an abnormal nuclear DNA content. The DNA indices of the aneuploid and multiploid cases ranged from 1.13 to 1.93, and three cases had a DNA index greater than 1.50. During the follow-up for up to 16 years (mean, 7 years), one patient with diploid nonspecified tumor died of the disease, another patient with a multiploid gastrinoma had metastatic disease develop, and a third patient with a multiploid nonspecified tumor was alive with the disease. The authors conclude that many neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas have an abnormal nuclear DNA content as measured by DNA flow cytometry. DNA multiploid pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors may be associated with a less favorable clinical course, but this needs to be confirmed in additional studies.
Towards Environmental RF-EMF Assessment of mmWave High-Node Density Complex Heterogeneous Environments (2021)

The densification of multiple wireless communication systems that coexist nowadays, as well as the 5G new generation cellular systems advent towards the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range, give rise to complex context-aware scenarios with high-node density heterogeneous networks. In this work, a radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure assessment from an empirical and modeling approach for a large, complex indoor setting with high node density and traffic is presented. For that purpose, an intensive and comprehensive in-depth RF-EMF E-field characterization study is provided in a public library study case, considering dense personal mobile communications (5G FR2 @28 GHz) and wireless 802.11ay (@60 GHz) data access services on the mmWave frequency range. By means of an enhanced in-house deterministic 3D ray launching (3D-RL) simulation tool for RF-EMF exposure assessment, different complex heterogenous scenarios of high complexity are assessed in realistic operation conditions, considering different user distributions and densities. The use of directive antennas and MIMO beamforming techniques, as well as all the corresponding features in terms of radio wave propagation, such as the body shielding effect, dispersive material properties of obstacles, the impact of the distribution of scatterers and the associated electromagnetic propagation phenomena, are considered for simulation. Discussion regarding the contribution and impact of the coexistence of multiple heterogeneous networks and services is presented, verifying compliance with the current established international regulation limits with exposure levels far below the aforementioned limits. Finally, the proposed simulation technique is validated with a complete empirical campaign of measurements, showing good agreement. In consequence, the obtained datasets and simulation estimations, along with the proposed RF-EMF simulation tool, could be a reference approach for the design, deployment and exposure assessment of the current and future wireless communication technologies on the mmWave spectrum, where massive high-node density heterogeneous networks are expected.
[Yeasts in domestic animals: species identification and susceptibility to antifungals]. (2010)

Yeasts frequently colonize various kinds of domestic animals, but may also cause serious diseases. The aim of this study was to identify yeast isolates collected from dogs, cows and pigs, and to determine their in vitro antifungal susceptibility. Fifty-six yeast isolates from dogs (n = 24), cows (n = 20), and pigs (n = 12) were investigated. Appearance of colonies grown on Sabouraud agar, micromorphology on rice agar, as well as assimilation and fermentation of various carbon and nitrogen sources were evaluated. Susceptibility to six antifungals (flucytosine, amphotericin B, miconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole) was determined semiquantitatively using the commercially available Fungitest kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories). Ten yeast species were identified in dogs with relatively even distribution. On the other hand, cow and pig were clearly dominated by Candida krusei (from 7 species) and Candida rugosa (from 5 species), respectively. Further, most of yeast isolates exhibited good susceptibility to the antifungals tested particularly to amphotericin B, ketoconazole and itraconazole. Based on results, it can be concluded that significant differences in the species spectrum and distribution were documented between groups of yeasts from dogs, cows and pigs. This is probably due to different environmental conditions and the endogenous origin of the yeast isolates. Mostly good susceptibility to systemic antifungals should positively influence the therapy of diseases caused by yeasts in veterinary medicine.
PRECISE TIME SYNCHRONIZATION DATA ACQUISITION WITH REMOTE SYSTEMS (1998)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California
Enabling Atmospheric Operation of Nanoscale Vacuum Channel Transistors (2020)

A vacuum channel transistor is the ultimate wide band-gap structure with potential for high Johnson figure of merit (~10 14 V/s) due to no electron scattering and no impact ionization/breakdown [1] , [2] . Hence, nanoscale vacuum channel transistors (NVCTs) can possibly outperform solid-state transistors in terms of speed, breakdown voltage and reliability in harsh environments [1] . Carriers are injected into the channel by electron tunneling across a barrier narrowed by an electric field. Such electron sources can be realized using nanoscale gated Si field emitter arrays (FEAs) with high packing densities (≥10 8 /cm 2 ) and self-aligned apertures which have low turn-on voltage (8.5 V), low operating voltage, high current density (150 A/cm 2 ) and long lifetime (>300 hours) [3] . The barrier height is nonetheless sensitive to adsorption/desorption of gas molecules, resulting in large current variations in poor vacuum, which can also generate energetic ions that erode the emitter. Hence FEAs require costly and bulky ultra-high vacuum (UHV) systems for reliability [4] . Using multi-layers of graphene (Gr) that withstand high pressure gradients and, are transparent to electrons, but impervious to gas molecules, can enable operation of these FEAs in poor vacuum [5] , [6] . In this paper, Gr layers are used to encapsulate such FEAs with two self-aligned gates ( Fig. 1 ); this structure allows an independent control of the bias applied to the Gr layer, and significantly reduces the volume to be encapsulated.
Engine control systems and methods for nitrogen oxide reduction (2023)

A fuel control module controls fuel injection of an engine based on a predetermined lean air/fuel ratio. The predetermined lean air/fuel ratio is fuel lean relative to a stoichiometric air/fuel ratio for the fuel. A cylinder control module selectively deactivates opening of intake and exhaust valves of M cylinders of the engine to increase removal of nitrogen oxide (NOx) from exhaust. M is an integer greater than 0 and less than a total number of cylinders of the engine. The fuel control module further: disables fueling of the M cylinders while opening of the intake and exhaust valves of the M cylinders is deactivated; and, while fueling of the M cylinders is disabled and opening of the intake and exhaust valves of the M cylinders is deactivated, controls fuel injection of other cylinders based on a predetermined rich air/fuel ratio that is fuel rich relative to the stoichiometric air/fuel ratio.
Cylindrical Developable Mechanisms for Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments (2019)

Abstract Developable mechanisms conform to and emerge from developable, or specially curved, surfaces. The cylindrical developable mechanism can have applications in many industries due to the popularity of cylindrical or tube-based devices. Laparoscopic surgical devices in particular are widely composed of instruments attached at the proximal end of a cylindrical shaft. In this paper, properties of cylindrical developable mechanisms are discussed, including their behaviors, characteristics, and potential functions. One method for designing cylindrical developable mechanisms is discussed. Two example developable surgical devices that exemplify these behaviors, characteristics, and functions, along with the kinematic mechanisms comprising them, are discussed in detail.
Performance comparison between optoelectronic and VLSI multistage interconnection networks (1991)

The performance characteristics of optoelectronic and VLSI multistage interconnection networks are compared. The bases of the comparison include speed, bandwidth, power consumption, and footprint area. The communication network used in the comparison is a synchronous packet-switched multistage interconnection network built from 2*2 bit-serial switching elements. CMOS technology was used in the VLSI implementation, and it is assumed that the entire network resides on a single chip. Regular free-space optical interconnects are used in the optoelectronic implementation. The results show that for large networks optoelectronics offers higher speed and lower area than VLSI. Based on the assumed technology parameters, optoelectronics outperforms VLSI in bandwidth for network sizes above 256.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>