gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solute Partitioning in Aqueous Biphasic Systems Composed of Polyethylene Glycol and Salt:  The Partitioning of Small Neutral Organic Species (2002)

Aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) represent wholly aqueous systems that are safe, nontoxic, and nonflammable, and thus, they represent relatively environmentally benign extraction media. Such systems could be employed as alternatives to traditional aqueous−organic systems for the separation of, inter alia, small organic molecules, thus it is important to develop a fundamental understanding of these systems and the variables that govern solute partitioning within them. The partitioning of a series of neutral, substituted benzene compounds and neutral, aliphatic compounds in ABSs composed of different molecular weights of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-1000, 2000, and 3400) and formed as a result of the addition of different salt types [K3PO4, K2CO3, (NH4)2SO4, Li2SO4, MnSO4, ZnSO4, and NaOH] has been examined. The results show that the distribution of organic solutes is a function only of the degree of phase divergence of the biphasic system as expressed by the difference in polymer concentration between the phases: Δ[poly(ethylene glycol)], Δ[ethylene oxide monomers], or tie line length (ΔPEG, ΔEO, or TLL, respectively). Solute partitioning depends only on the composition of the phase-forming components, PEG and salt. Using ideas taken from the study of critical phenomena, it can be shown that the composition of the phases is the result of the salting-out ability of the salt and the number of ethylene oxide monomers comprising the PEG. The salting-out strength of the salt (measured by its lyotropic number or position in the Hofmeister series) is related to its ability to lower the cloud point of the PEG solution. Hence, cosmotropic salts salt-out PEG, producing a series of nearly identical ABSs that, although differing in their overall concentrations of PEG and salt, are identical in terms of their lyotropic properties. This is an extraordinary simplification of a complex array of different ABSs to a single series of ABSs of graded lyotropy. Further comparison of solute partitioning in PEG/salt ABSs to partitioning in 1-octanol/water systems is discussed, and a greater similarity of solute distribution was found between different PEG/salt ABSs than between PEG/salt ABSs and 1-octanol/water.
Gene expression for biodosimetry and effect prediction purposes: promises, pitfalls and future directions – key session ConRad 2021 (2021)

As a key session of the ConRad conference in 2021, experts from different institutions were invited to provide state-of-the-art information on a range of topics including: <i>(1) Biodosimetry</i>: What are the current efforts to enhance the applicability of this method to perform retrospective biodosimetry? <i>(2) Effect prediction</i>: Can we apply radiation-induced GE changes for prediction of acute health effects as an approach, complementary to and integrating retrospective dose estimation? <i>(3) High-throughput and point-of-care diagnostics</i>: What are the current developments to make the GE approach applicable as a high-throughput as well as a POC diagnostic platform? <i>(4) Low level radiation</i>: What is the lowest dose range where GE can be used for biodosimetry purposes? <i>(5) Methodological considerations</i>: Different aspects of radiation-induced GE related to more detailed analysis of exons, transcripts and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were reported.
Oxides grown by MBE for integrated thermoelectricity (2018)

International audience
Influence of Porosity on the High Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of Laser Beam Welded Ti-6Al-4V Butt Joints (2017)

Surface defects and internal discontinuities are inevitable results of the laser beam welding (LBW) process regardless of the material used. Comprehensive understanding of the fatigue degradation caused by these defects is of major concern for the introduction of LBW into manufacturing or repair processes. The present paper focuses on the effect of inherent welding-induced material flaws on the high cycle fatigue behaviour of the laser welded Ti-6Al-4V butt joints. If the surface quality of the welded joint is sufficiently high, the transition of the crack origin from the surface to the subsurface occurs. The mechanisms of internal fatigue crack formation and growth at the early stages were studied. A typical fish-eye pattern of fracture surface was observed in close proximity to the crack origin. The model based on fracture mechanics for durability prediction in the presence of randomly distributed porosity was developed. The link between theory, modelling and experiment was successfully demonstrated.
Prevalence and association with birth outcomes of low vitamin D levels among pregnant women living with HIV (2021)

Low vitamin D level was prevalent among well treated pregnant WLWH in Denmark, especially among women of African or Asian origin, and women with detectable viral loads. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and SGA.
Acute Xenograft Rejection Mediated by Antibodies Produced Independently of TH1/TH2 Cytokine Profiles (2002)

There is substantial support for the hypothesis that T(H)1 cytokine responses are critical for the normal elaboration of allograft rejection. Recent studies by Wang et al. (1) underscore the importance of T(H)2 responses in xenograft rejection and revealed that T(H)1 cytokines, IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), can negatively regulate the development of humoral responses necessary for xenograft rejection. Their exceptional studies prompted us to test whether the ability of allografts to elicit cellular rejection and xenografts to induce humoral rejection also result from the differential ability to induce T(H)1 and T(H)2 responses. We compared the kinetics of antibody and cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-4) production in C57BL/6 mice following allograft transplantation with BALB/c hearts and in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice following transplantation with Lewis rat hearts. We also compared the ability of BALB/c mice, deficient in the ability to produce IL-4 or IFN-gamma, to reject xenografts and produce xenoantibodies. We observed that T(H)1/T(H)2 cytokine production minimally affected the kinetics of graft rejection but regulated the magnitude of IgG subclass production. Anti-graft IgM played a critical role in initiating acute antibody-mediated xenograft rejection, and the production antigraft IgM was unaffected by IL-4 or IFN-gamma deficiency. In contrast to the report by Wang et al. (1), we conclude that antibody-mediated xenograft rejection in the concordant Lewis rat heart-to-C57BL/6 mouse xenotransplantation model is dependent on anti-IgM production but independent of T(H) cytokine profiles.
Kinetics and Substrate Binding of Myosin Adenosine Triphosphatase (1968)

Abstract The rate of hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate and the binding of inorganic pyrophosphate to myosin vary inversely with increasing concentration of free Mg++, in the presence of a magnesium ethylenediaminetetraacetate buffer system; half-maximum binding of pyrophosphate and 50% inhibition of adenosine triphosphatase activity occur at a free Mg++ concentration about 10-7 m at 3°. The binding of pyrophosphate to myosin is reduced if Ca++ replaces Mg++ in the medium; it is also reduced by lowering the pH or raising the temperature. Actin is a competitive inhibitor of pyrophosphate binding to myosin. The actin-myosin interaction requires firmly bound Mg++. 2,4-Dinitrophenol has no effect on pyrophosphate binding to myosin. A hypothesis is presented, on the basis of the above data, which gives a simple explanation of the effects of Mg++, Ca++, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and actin on the adenosine triphosphatase activity of myosin.
Supplementary materials from Dual Targeting of EGFR and IGF1R in the TNFAIP8 Knockdown Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary methods, references and figure legends&lt;/p&gt;
Optogenetic insights on the relationship between anxiety-related behaviors and social deficits (2014)

Many psychiatric illnesses are characterized by deficits in the social domain. For example, there is a high rate of co-morbidity between autism spectrum disorders and anxiety disorders. However, the common neural circuit mechanisms by which social deficits and other psychiatric disease states, such as anxiety, are co-expressed remains unclear. Here, we review optogenetic investigations of neural circuits in animal models of anxiety-related behaviors and social behaviors and discuss the important role of the amygdala in mediating aspects of these behaviors. In particular, we focus on recent evidence that projections from the basolateral amygdala to the ventral hippocampus modulate anxiety-related behaviors and also alter social interaction. Understanding how this circuit influences both social behavior and anxiety may provide a mechanistic explanation for the pathogenesis of social anxiety disorder, as well as the prevalence of patients co-diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders and anxiety disorders. Furthermore, elucidating how circuits that modulate social behavior also mediates other complex emotional states will lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which social deficits are expressed in psychiatric disease.
HMDB 5.0: the Human Metabolome Database for 2022 (2021)

The Human Metabolome Database or HMDB (https://hmdb.ca) has been providing comprehensive reference information about human metabolites and their associated biological, physiological and chemical properties since 2007. Over the past 15 years, the HMDB has grown and evolved significantly to meet the needs of the metabolomics community and respond to continuing changes in internet and computing technology. This year's update, HMDB 5.0, brings a number of important improvements and upgrades to the database. These should make the HMDB more useful and more appealing to a larger cross-section of users. In particular, these improvements include: (i) a significant increase in the number of metabolite entries (from 114 100 to 217 920 compounds); (ii) enhancements to the quality and depth of metabolite descriptions; (iii) the addition of new structure, spectral and pathway visualization tools; (iv) the inclusion of many new and much more accurately predicted spectral data sets, including predicted NMR spectra, more accurately predicted MS spectra, predicted retention indices and predicted collision cross section data and (v) enhancements to the HMDB's search functions to facilitate better compound identification. Many other minor improvements and updates to the content, the interface, and general performance of the HMDB website have also been made. Overall, we believe these upgrades and updates should greatly enhance the HMDB's ease of use and its potential applications not only in human metabolomics but also in exposomics, lipidomics, nutritional science, biochemistry and clinical chemistry.
Endovascular treatment of non-dissected ascending aorta disease: a systematic review (2017)

Severe ascending aorta disease includes aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms (ascending aorta pseudoaneurysms), penetrating aortic ulcers and Type A aortic dissections. Surgical replacement of the aortic root, ascending aorta or aortic arch is the common treatment for severe ascending aortic disease involving the root, the ascending aorta and/or the arch. Despite good surgical results, there is still a risk for morbidity and mortality following surgery for ascending aorta replacement when elderly patients or patients at high risk for surgery are concerned. Less invasive endovascular treatments for ascending aorta repair are under evaluation, and some reports appeared in the available literature in the last decade. However, clinical series or randomized studies are not yet available, and the use of these techniques is still questionable. In this study, we analysed the outcomes of reported cases of endovascular treatment for ascending aorta disease, excluding Type A aortic dissection. We reviewed reports published until February 2017, and we evaluated the employed technology, the devices, the procedural steps and the outcomes. A total of 26 articles reported 67 patients (mean age 65 ± 17 years) who received endovascular treatment for ascending aorta disease: aneurysms, ascending aorta pseudoaneurysms, penetrating aortic ulcers, intramural haematoma, thrombosis, iatrogenic coarctation and aortic rupture. Complications included endoleak (9 cases), stroke (3 cases), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (1 case) and splenic infarction (1 case). Three patients required conversion to open surgery, and 1 patient underwent endovascular reintervention. Early mortality was 2.9%. As an alternative treatment for ascending aorta disease in selected high-risk patients, the endovascular repair will gain popularity, but further analysis is required.
[Geriatric medicine]. (2017)

In 2016, consequences, contributing factors, and prevention of inappropriate drug prescribing were investigated. Two studies lift the veil on unexplained falls and syncope. A meta-analysis questions the need to adapting transfusion's threshold to comorbidities, and another one the performance of screening for swallowing disorders. The Framingham Heart Study reports the declining of the incidence of vascular dementia. The role played by microbleeds in cognitive deterioration was investigated and aducanumab showed encouraging effect in Alzheimer's disease. When vaccination against influenza for health workers in nursing home was challenged by a meta-analysis this recommendation must be followed. Vaccines against shingles are effective and safe, and a study confirms the efficacy of the HZ7su among 70+.
Applications of packed and capillary supercritical fluid chromatography in the separation of tocochromanols (2019)

Tocochromanols consisting of tocopherols and tocotrienols, is collectively known as vitamin E. Similarity in their structures, physical and chemical properties rendered the tocochromanols to be subject of chromatography interest. Supercritical fluid chromatography is a highly efficient tool for the separation and analysis of tocochromanols. Separation and analysis of tocochromanols using supercritical fluid chromatography had been carried out in the past using capillary or packed columns. Each of these techniques offer their own advantages and drawbacks. Besides being used for analysis, packed column supercritical fluid chromatography found applications as a purification and content enrichment tool. Emergence of new equipment and stationary phase technologies in recent years also helped in making supercritical fluid chromatography a highly efficient tool for the separation and analysis of tocochromanols. This paper gives an insight into the use of capillary and packed columns in supercritical fluid chromatography for the separation and/or analysis of tocochromanols. The types of stationary phase used, as well as chromatographic conditions are also discussed.
Henoch-Schönlein purpura associated with esophagus carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung (2005)

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is known to exist in association with a variety of malignant diseases including squamous and small cell lung cancer and hematological malignancies. We report the first cases of HSP associated with carcinoma of the esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the lung, respectively. We compare the main features of our patients with 23 previously published cases. We recommend that patients with HSP, especially men over 40 years of age, should undergo screening for occult neoplasia.
Degradation of cellulases in cultures ofCellulomonas fimi (1996)

Endoglucanases CenA, CenB and CenD, cellobiohydrolases CbhA and CbhB, and the mixed function xylanase-exoglucanase Cex are degraded proteolytically in the supernatants of cultures of Cellulomonas fimi growing with cellulose. All of these polypeptides are modular. The initial sites of proteolysis are within or adjacent to the linkers connecting the modules, leading to the appearance of discrete fragments of the enzymes which retain the functions of the component modules.
Metabolic Genetic Screens Reveal Multidimensional Regulation of Virulence Gene Expression in Listeria monocytogenes and an Aminopeptidase That Is Critical for PrfA Protein Activation (2017)

<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> is an environmental saprophyte and intracellular bacterial pathogen. Upon invading mammalian cells, the bacterium senses abrupt changes in its metabolic environment, which are rapidly transduced to regulation of virulence gene expression. To explore the relationship between <i>L. monocytogenes</i> metabolism and virulence, we monitored virulence gene expression dynamics across a library of genetic mutants grown under two metabolic conditions known to activate the virulent state: charcoal-treated rich medium containing glucose-1-phosphate and minimal defined medium containing limiting concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). We identified over 100 distinct mutants that exhibit aberrant virulence gene expression profiles, the majority of which mapped to nonessential metabolic genes. Mutants displayed enhanced, decreased, and early and late virulence gene expression profiles, as well as persistent levels, demonstrating a high plasticity in virulence gene regulation. Among the mutants, one was noteworthy for its particularly low virulence gene expression level and mapped to an X-prolyl aminopeptidase (PepP). We show that this peptidase plays a role in posttranslational activation of the major virulence regulator, PrfA. Specifically, PepP mediates recruitment of PrfA to the cytoplasmic membrane, a step identified as critical for PrfA protein activation. This study establishes a novel step in the complex mechanism of PrfA activation and further highlights the cross regulation of metabolism and virulence.
IDDF2020-ABS-0178 Switching off immunosuppressive myeloid cells by targeting cell cycle-related kinase pathway: a new strategy for combination immunotherapy (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> The immune-checkpoint-blockade (ICB) therapy has produced promising and yet modest objective response rates in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has been attributable to the strong immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). As a key player in the TME, myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) shows potent T cell-suppressive activity that remarkably associates with poor prognosis and ICB resistance of cancer patients. While targeting MDSC can blunt T cell activity, a new approach is directed towards driving MDSC differentiation into antigen presentation cell crucial for T cell priming and activation. We have recently shown that hepatoma-intrinsic cyclin-dependent-kinase 20 (CDK20), or cell-cycle-related-kinase (CCRK) depletion diminishes MDSC-mediated immunosuppression leading to improved ICB efficacy (<i>Gut</i> 2018). As emerging evidence highlights the key roles of immune cell-intrinsic CDKs, we aimed to further explore the potentials of CCRK in immune cell identity. <h3>Methods</h3> The expression profile of CCRK was determined in flow-sorted immune cells from tumor-bearing mice and HCC patients. Functional significance and molecular mechanisms of CCRK in MDSCs were conducted by gene knockdown in human blood-derived MDSCs, followed by mRNA and protein detection, qChIP-PCR and multi-colour flow cytometry. The MDSC differentiation and T cell suppression in tumorigenicity were validated in HCC mouse model with intratumoral MDSC injection. <h3>Results</h3> We uncovered specific over-expression of CCRK in MDSCs but not lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice and HCC patients. Notably, blockade of MDSC-intrinsic CCRK induced its differentiation into antigen-presenting macrophage, which amplified T cell responses in vitro and in vivo, resulting in reduced tumorigenicity. CCRK inhibition suppressed signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling to revert E4-binding protein 4 (E4BP4)-dependent interleukin-10 (IL-10)/IL-12 imbalance and arginase I expression, thus blunting immunosuppression. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings demonstrate that targeting myeloid-intrinsic CCRK signal can amplify anti-tumor T cell responses. As we also showed CCRK overexpression in patient-derived MDSCs, our results not only unravel mechanistic insights in MDSC identity but also offer a novel therapeutic kinase-target for a combinational immunotherapy strategy for conferring durable eradication of solid tumors.
The locus of fixation and the foveal cone mosaic (2005)

High-resolution retinal imaging with adaptive optics was used to record the position of a light stimulus on the cone mosaic, with an error at least five times smaller than the diameter of the smallest foveal cones. We discuss the factors that limit the accuracy with which absolute retinal position can be determined. In five subjects, the standard deviation of fixation positions measured in discrete trials ranged from 2.1 to 6.3 arcmin, with an average of 3.4 arcmin (about 17 microm), in agreement with previous studies (R. W. Ditchburn, 1973; R. M. Steinman, G. M. Haddad, A. A. Skavenski, & D. Wyman, 1973). The center of fixation, based on the mean retinal position for each of three subjects, was displaced from the location of highest foveal cone density by an average of about 10 arcmin (about 50 microm), indicating that cone density alone does not drive the location on the retina selected for fixation. This method can be used in psychophysical studies or medical applications requiring submicron registration of stimuli with respect to the retina or in delivering light to retinal features as small as single cells.
FGF21 is an Akt‐regulated myokine (2008)

Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) functions as a metabolic regulator. The FGF21 transcript is reported to be abundantly expressed in liver, but little is known about the regulation of FGF21 expression in other tissues. In this study, we show that levels of FGF21 protein expression were similar in skeletal muscle and liver from fasted mice. FGF21 transcript and protein expression were upregulated in gastrocnemius muscle of skeletal muscle-specific Akt1 transgenic mice. Serum concentration of FGF21 was also increased by Akt1 transgene activation. In cultured skeletal muscle cells, FGF21 expression and secretion was regulated by insulin, Akt transduction and LY294002. These data indicate that skeletal muscle is a source of FGF21 and that its expression is regulated by a phosphatidylinosistol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase)/Akt1 signaling pathway-dependent mechanism.
Analysis of the flicker level generated by the grid-connection of a fleet of electric vehicles (2016)

International audience