gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reply to Savolainen: High Toxicity of Hydrogen Sulfide by the Inhibition of Mitochondrial Respiration (2010)

This is a response to a letter by Savolainen (1Savolainen H. J. Biol. Chem. 2010; (http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/285/24/le9)Google Scholar) An important question is whether hydrogen sulfide donors, administered parenterally, might have toxic effects similar to those observed on exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas. The brief answer is no, because no effects on tissue of either endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide or hydrogen sulfide donors have been observed. Toxic levels in air are about 300 ppm. There is no direct way that ppm of H2S in the atmosphere can be converted to H2S levels in tissue, but it is interesting that Dorman et al. (2Dorman D.C. Moulin F.J. McManus B.E. Mahle K.C. James R.A. Struve M.F. Cytochrome oxidase inhibition induced by acute hydrogen sulfide inhalation. Correlation with tissue sulfide concentrations in the rat brain, liver, lung, and nasal epithelium..Toxicol. Sci. 2002; 65: 18-25Crossref PubMed Scopus (292) Google Scholar) found in rats no increase in H2S in hindbrain after 3 h of exposure to 400 ppm H2S. It is understandable that the lungs, where oxygen transfer to hemoglobin takes place, should be affected by high atmospheric levels of H2S. However, other tissues are exposed to H2S in the form of SH ions from H2S in solution. Normal endogenous levels have been reported to be of the order 50–160 μm (3Qu K. Lee S.W. Bian J.S. Low C.M. Wong P.T. Hydrogen sulfide: neurochemistry and neurobiology..Neurochem. Int. 2008; 52: 155-165Crossref PubMed Scopus (233) Google Scholar). Our H2S donor molecules were tested and found to be efficacious in the 10–30 μm range. No toxicity was observed. Hu et al. (4Hu L.F. Wong P.T. Moore P.K. Bian J.S. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in microglia..J. Neurochem. 2007; 100: 1121-1128Crossref PubMed Scopus (266) Google Scholar) found no toxicity of the standard H2S donor NaSH at 300 μm. Thus there appears to be a very safe therapeutic range for synthetic H2S donors. It can be hoped that the considerable therapeutic potential of such donor compounds will not be retarded by baseless fears derived from toxicity of gaseous H2S. H2S needs to be understood as a vital endogenous antioxidant with neuroprotective and vascular relaxant properties.
XCIST—an open access x-ray/CT simulation toolkit (2022)

<i>Objective</i>. X-ray-based imaging modalities including mammography and computed tomography (CT) are widely used in cancer screening, diagnosis, staging, treatment planning, and therapy response monitoring. Over the past few decades, improvements to these modalities have resulted in substantially improved efficacy and efficiency, and substantially reduced radiation dose and cost. However, such improvements have evolved more slowly than would be ideal because lengthy preclinical and clinical evaluation is required. In many cases, new ideas cannot be evaluated due to the high cost of fabricating and testing prototypes. Wider availability of computer simulation tools could accelerate development of new imaging technologies. This paper introduces the development of a new open-access simulation environment for x-ray-based imaging. The main motivation of this work is to publicly distribute a fast but accurate ray-tracing x-ray and CT simulation tool along with realistic phantoms and 3D reconstruction capability, building on decades of developments in industry and academia.<i>Approach</i>. The x-ray-based Cancer Imaging Simulation Toolkit (XCIST) is developed in the context of cancer imaging, but can more broadly be applied. XCIST is physics-based, written in Python and C/C++, and currently consists of three major subsets: digital phantoms, the simulator itself (CatSim), and image reconstruction algorithms; planned future features include a fast dose-estimation tool and rigorous validation. To enable broad usage and to model and evaluate new technologies, XCIST is easily extendable by other researchers. To demonstrate XCIST's ability to produce realistic images and to show the benefits of using XCIST for insight into the impact of separate physics effects on image quality, we present exemplary simulations by varying contributing factors such as noise and sampling.<i>Main results</i>. The capabilities and flexibility of XCIST are demonstrated, showing easy applicability to specific simulation problems. Geometric and x-ray attenuation accuracy are shown, as well as XCIST's ability to model multiple scanner and protocol parameters, and to attribute fundamental image quality characteristics to specific parameters.<i>Significance</i>. This work represents an important first step toward the goal of creating an open-access platform for simulating existing and emerging x-ray-based imaging systems. While numerous simulation tools exist, we believe the combined XCIST toolset provides a unique advantage in terms of modeling capabilities versus ease of use and compute time. We publicly share this toolset to provide an environment for scientists to accelerate and improve the relevance of their research in x-ray and CT.
Engrailed enhances dopamine synthesis in healthy dopaminergic neurons (2016)

International audience
Transpedicular screw-rod fixation of the lumbar spine: operative technique and outcome in 104 cases (1992)

A total of 104 patients underwent transpedicular spinal instrumentation using the Cotrel-Dubousset (71 cases) or the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital (33) screw-rod system. Surgery was performed for lumbar vertebral column instability secondary to fractures (28 cases), spondylolisthesis (29), tumors (four), vertebral osteomyelitis (two), or postoperative causes (41). Pseudoarthrodesis due to failure of a prior fusion was present in 37 cases. The 55 men and 49 women (mean age 47 years, range 18 to 87 years) all presented with severe back pain. Signs or symptoms of neural compression were noted in 96 patients. Surgery consisted of neural decompression, internal fixation, and autogenous iliac bone grafting. Spondylolistheses were fused in situ, without reduction; otherwise, major spinal deformities were corrected. A total of 516 pedicle screws were placed. The mean extent of fusion was 2.7 motion segments (range one to six motion segments). A 96% fusion rate was obtained with a mean follow-up period of 20 months. There were no operative deaths. Major complications included one spinal epidural hematoma, three isolated nerve root deficits (two transient, one permanent), and three wound infections (two deep, one superficial). Instrument failure eventually developed in 18 patients; nine were asymptomatic with a solid fusion and did not require further treatment and the other nine were symptomatic or had a pseudoarthrosis and required operative revision. Pedicle screw-rod fixation offers biomechanical advantages compared to other forms of internal fixation for the lumbar spine. It enables short-segment fixation with preservation of lumbar lordosis and adjacent normal motion segments. This technique provides a highly successful method to obtain arthrodesis, even with prior pseudoarthrosis.
A 120 nW, Tunable, PVT Invariant Voltage Reference with 80 dB Supply Noise Rejection (2015)

This work presents a process, voltage and temperature (PVT) invariant tunable voltage reference generator in 180 nm CMOS technology. Using weighted averaging of tuned PTAT and CTAT voltages at zero temperature coefficient point, the proposed design exhibits only ±0.28% variation in post-layout simulation across process corners over a temperature range of-25 degree C to 100 degree C. Maximum deviation (±3 sigma/mean) from the desired value of the reference voltage is ±2.1% in the untuned case, as obtained from 1000 Monte Carlo runs. Worst case temperature and power supply sensitivity of the tuned reference across process corners are 45 ppm/degree C with 1.8 V supply and 0.18%/V at 27 degree C, respectively. Power supply noise rejection (PSNR) for frequencies between 100 Hz and 100 MHz is > 80dB, with a maximum PSNR of 90dB near 1 kHz. With the use of sub threshold MOSFETs, the DC power consumed by the design is only 300 nW when operated at a nominal supply voltage of 1.8 V. The circuit works even with a supply voltage as low as 0.8 V, while consuming 120 nW DC power.
60 GHz Substrate Integrated Waveguide-Fed Monolithic Grid Dielectric Resonator Antenna Arrays (2019)

Artificial grid dielectric resonator antenna (GDRA) arrays integrated with longitudinal slot-fed substrate integrated waveguide networks are demonstrated at V-band for wideband and high-gain applications. The effective permittivity of a 500 μm thick, low-permittivity polymethyl methacrylate substrate is locally increased by a factor of 22.4 by embedding groups of micro-sized rectangular metal inclusions, each group functioning as antenna elements and collectively functioning as an antenna array. The monolithic GDRA array mitigates the problem of individual element misalignment over the feed slots while providing precise interelement spacing. GDRA prototypes with 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 array elements fabricated and tested at 60 GHz demonstrate a -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 10.4% and 12.0% with broadside peak realized gain of 15.2 and 19.4 dBi.
Increased Expression of Bone Sialoprotein in Bone Metastases Compared with Visceral Metastases in Human Breast and Prostate Cancers (2000)

The recent demonstration that bone sialoprotein (BSP) is expressed in osteotropic cancers suggests that this bone matrix protein might be implicated in the preferential seed and growth of metastatic cells in bone. High expression of BSP in breast and prostate primary carcinomas is associated with progression and bone metastases development. The exact mechanisms by which BSP may favor bone metastases formation are not clearly established yet. Although BSP expression has been detected in breast, prostate, lung, thyroid, and neuroblastoma primary tumors, no information regarding its expression in metastases is available to date. In this study, we have examined BSP expression in 15 bone and 39 visceral metastatic lesions harvested from 8 breast cancer patients and 7 prostate cancer patients who died of disseminated disease. We were able to retrieve the primary lesions from 5 of the 8 breast cancer patients as well as from all 7 prostate cancer patients. All the primary breast tumor patients and 5 of the 7 primary prostate cancer patients expressed a detectable level of BSP. Bone metastases from all 8 breast cancer patients and from 5 out of 7 prostate cancer patients exhibited detectable levels of the protein. Metastatic cells in close contact with bone trabeculae usually were highly positive for BSP. BSP also was detected in secondary lesions developed at visceral sites including liver, thyroid, lung, and adrenal glands. However, BSP expression was significantly lower in visceral metastases than in skeletal ones (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.05). Our data represent the first demonstration of an increased expression of BSP in bone metastases compared with nonskeletal metastases in human breast and prostate cancers and add weight to the body of evidence attributing a significant role to this protein in the genesis of bone metastases.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF I<SUP>131</SUP>-LABELLED PAROTIN INTO THE MUSCLE TISSUE OF NORMAL AND OVARIECTOMIZED GUINEA PIG SENSITIZED WITH PAROTIN (1964)

The following results were obtained by studying the distribution of I131-parotinin parotin sensitized guinea pigs under the various conditions of ovariectomy, progesterone injection and estradiol injection.1. The concentration in myocardium, gastrocnemius and uterus was increased by sensitization.2. The increase of the concentration in these tissues caused by sensitization was augmented bygiving progesterone.3. The increased concentration caused by sensitization was not seen after ovariectomy.4. The influence of ovariectomy was not compensated by progesterone or estradiol.5. In the distribution in the sensitized animal the specificity of the uterine muscle was observed.6. The distribution of I131-parotin into the myocardium, the gastrocnemius muscle, and the uterine muscle is decreased by ovariectomy and by giving progesterone or estradiol.
The unspoken benefit of participation in a clinical trial (2021)

Compared with routine care, patients screened for a clinical trial may come under an increased level of scrutiny that may affect their clinical management. This may act as additional motivator to attract patients to future studies.
60 GHz transmitter circuits in 65nm CMOS (2008)

This work presents fundamental building blocks for a 60 GHz transmitter front-end. The circuits are implemented in a 65 nm bulk CMOS technology, operate from a 1.2 V supply, and attain state-of-the-art performance for multi-Gb/s wireless applications. A single-stage, single-ended, power amplifier achieves peak power gain of 4.5 dB, output 1 dB compression point of 6 dBm, saturated power of 9 dBm, and peak power added efficiency of 8.5% at 62 GHz. A double-balanced, Gilbert-based, up-conversion mixer achieves 6.5 dB of conversion loss and output 1 dB compression point of -5.0 dBm with LO of 50 GHz and IF of 10 GHz. Millimeter-wave design considerations and measurements over frequency and temperature are discussed.
Dynamic derivative convolution algorithm for prompt gamma neutron activation spectra (2016)

A technique is presented to algorithmically evaluate prompt gamma neutron activation spectra, which were produced through excitation of specific material samples. The excitation is done with a neutron generator that provides a switchable, artificial form of neutron radiation. To evaluate the spectra, a extension to prior peak based analysis methods is proposed that dynamically incorporates the detector resolution over the full energy range. Based on this technique a series of measured response spectra are analyzed and the material composition or the samples is identified. Materials of cement and coal mining industry are considered. Limits of the detection limits and confidence thresholds are presented.
Biochemical and biophysical studies of the interaction of class I antiarrhythmic drugs with the cardiac sodium channel (1994)

Abstract Class I antiarrhythmic drugs block the cardiac sodium channel and are now used widely for a variety of cardiac arrhythmias. The nature of the interaction of the drugs with these channels, and their mechanism of action, have been areas of considerable recent interest. Here we review several aspects of drug action. Evidence that sodium channel blockade itself is antiarrhythmic arises from experiments in which the sodium channel‐specific toxin tetrodotoxin was shown to prevent ventricular fibrillation in rabbit hearts. A radioligand binding assay for the cardiac sodium channel was then developed using [ 3 H]Batrachotoxinin (BTX) Benzoate and freshly isolated rat cardiac myocytes. Class I antiarrhythmic drug binding identified in this model fits conventional criteria for binding to a receptor. This receptor behaves like an allosteric protein; class I antiarrhythmic drugs appear to bind to and stabilize closed channels. The mechanism of drug binding and electrophysiologic consequences have been examined in a number of model systems by microelectrode studies, whole cell voltage clamping, and more recently voltage clamp studies of single isolated channels in lipid bilayers. Using the latter method, we have shown that lidocaine causes two distinct kinds of sodium channel blockade. The first is a very slow block which can be demonstrated with simple aryl compounds. The second kind of block is a very rapid block which can also be caused by simple alkyl amines. Thus, the two major structural moieties of lidocaine each cause a specific form of block. The structure‐activity relationships of class I drugs were explored with homologs of lidocaine in the radioligand binding assay. With this method the existence of a number of receptor subdomains has been demonstrated, each of which recognizes specific structural moieties of class I drugs. Finally, we have explored both drug proarrhythmia and drug resistance. Drug proarrhythmia may be due to homogeneous slowing of conduction with little effect on refractoriness. One form of drug resistance may be due to induction of synthesis of new cardiac sodium channels by exposure to animals with chronic class I drug administration. Mexiletine induces a three‐fold increase in rat cardiac sodium channels within 3 days due to increased sodium channel mRNA synthesis. Thus drug resistance might be due to drug‐induced increases in the numbers of cardiac sodium channels. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amblyopia is associated with impaired balance in 3–6-year-old children in China (2022)

Amblyopia is associated with motor function impairment in children raised in China. Motor deficits that may impact everyday activities have been observed in patients with amblyopia across multiple cultures.
Determination of diffusion coefficients in polypyrrole thin films using a current pulse relaxation method (1987)

The current pulse E sub oc relaxation method and its application to the determination of diffusion coefficients in electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole thin films is described. Diffusion coefficients for such films in Et4NBF4 and MeCN are determined for a series of submicron film thicknesses. Measurement of the double-layer capacitance, C sub dl, and the resistance, R sub u, of polypyrrole thin films as a function of potential obtained with the galvanostatic pulse method is reported. Measurements of the electrolyte concentration in reduced polypyrrole films are also presented to aid in the interpretation of the data.
5G 3GPP-Like Channel Models for Outdoor Urban Microcellular and Macrocellular Environments (2016)

For the development of new 5G systems to operate in bands up to 100 GHz, there is a need for accurate radio propagation models at these bands that currently are not addressed by existing channel models developed for bands below 6 GHz. This document presents a preliminary overview of 5G channel models for bands up to 100 GHz. These have been derived based on extensive measurement and ray tracing results across a multitude of frequencies from 6 GHz to 100 GHz, and this document describes an initial 3D channel model which includes: 1) typical deployment scenarios for urban microcells (UMi) and urban macrocells (UMa), and 2) a baseline model for incorporating path loss, shadow fading, line of sight probability, penetration and blockage models for the typical scenarios. Various processing methodologies such as clustering and antenna decoupling algorithms are also presented.
A multi-resolution fractal additive scheme for blind watermarking of 3D point data (2013)

We present a fractal feature space for 3D point watermarking to make geospatial systems more secure. By exploiting the self similar nature of fractals, hidden information can be spatially embedded in point cloud data in an acceptable manner as described within this paper. Our method utilizes a blind scheme which provides automatic retrieval of the watermark payload without the need of the original cover data. Our method for locating similar patterns and encoding information in LiDAR point cloud data is accomplished through a look-up table or code book. The watermark is then merged into the point cloud data itself resulting in low distortion effects. With current advancements in computing technologies, such as GPGPUs, fractal processing is now applicable for processing of big data which is present in geospatial as well as other systems. This watermarking technique described within this paper can be important for systems where point data is handled by numerous aerial collectors including analysts use for systems such as a National LiDAR Data Layer.
Encapsulation of a Concanavalin A/dendrimer glucose sensing assay within microporated poly (ethylene glycol) microspheres (2011)

Proper management of diabetes requires the frequent measurement of a patient's blood glucose level. To create a long-term, minimally-invasive sensor that is sensitive to physiological concentrations of glucose a fluorescent glucose sensing assay using a competitive binding approach between fluorescently tagged Concanavalin-A (Con-A) and glycodendrimer is being developed. Until now, the essential step of effectively encapsulating this aggregative sensing assay while allowing a reversible response has yet to be reported. In this paper, a microporation technique is described in which microspheres are synthesized in a manner that creates fluid-filled pores within a poly (ethylene glycol) hydrogel. This dual-nature technique creates hydrophilic, biocompatible microcapsules in which the aggregative binding kinetics of the sensing assay within the pores are not constrained by spatial fixation in the hydrogel matrix. Confocal images displaying the localization of pockets filled with the assay within the polymeric matrix are presented in this paper. In addition, fluorescent responses to varying glucose concentrations, leaching studies, and long-term functionality of the encapsulated assay are demonstrated. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the Con-A/glycodendrimer assay has been shown to be reversible and repeatable within hydrogel spheres, including the display of functionality up to fourteen days under ambient conditions.
Dirhodium(II) Tetraacetate-Mediated Decomposition of Ethyldiazoacetate and Ethyldiazomalonate in the Presence of Fullerene. A New Procedure for the Selective Synthesis of [6-6]-Closed Methanofullerenes (1997)

The reaction of C60 fullerene with carboalkoxycarbenoids generated by Rh2(OAc)4-catalyzed decomposition of α-diazoester precursors is reported. This reaction is the first example of a transition metal catalyzed carbenoid reaction with fullerene and represents a significative improvement in terms of reaction conditions, selectivity of the products obtained, and yields over previously reported methods.
Targeted deletion of adenosine A3receptors augments adenosine-induced coronary flow in isolated mouse heart (2002)

To determine whether adenosine A(3) receptors participate in adenosine-induced changes in coronary flow, isolated hearts from wild-type (WT) and A(3) receptor knockout (A(3)KO) mice were perfused under constant pressure and effects of nonselective and selective agonists were examined. Adenosine and the selective A(2A) agonist 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)]phenylethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS-21680) produced augmented maximal coronary vasodilation in A(3)KO hearts compared with WT hearts. Selective activation of A(3) receptors with 2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (Cl-IB-MECA) at nanomolar concentrations did not effect coronary flow, but at higher concentrations it produced coronary vasodilation both in WT and A(3)KO hearts. Cl-IB-MECA-induced increases in coronary flow were susceptible to both pharmacological blockade and genetic deletion of A(2A) receptors. Because deletion or blockade of adenosine A(3) receptors augmented coronary flow induced by nonselective adenosine and the selective A(2A) receptor agonist CGS-21680, we speculate that this is due to removal of an inhibitory influence associated with the A(3) receptor subtype. These data indicate that the presence of adenosine A(3) receptors may either inhibit or negatively modulate coronary flow mediated by other adenosine receptor subtypes.