gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Slow Wave Structures (2003)

Nonlinear processes are enhanced in slow wave structures that consist of a cascade of directly coupled optical resonators. Although slow wave propagation has not yet been deployed at optical frequencies, new research could make slow wave structures the cornerstone of switches and other wideband devices for all-optical processing.
The finite-difference method in microseismic modeling: Fundamentals, implementation, and applications (2016)

The complexity of the seismic model around most reservoirs poses significant challenges for ray methods, even for 1D model structures. Scattering, waveguide, and near-field effects potentially create waveforms that can only be modeled adequately by the full elastic wave equation. Finite-difference modeling can form the basis of a new class of interpretation tool for these scenarios. Although used extensively in reverse time migration and full-waveform inversion algorithms, it is not commonly used in microseismic applications. Microseismic modeling places more stringent demands on the finite-difference method than its more conventional applications in surface seismic imaging. A finite-difference scheme can meet these requirements by carefully accounting for the main potential sources of error in modeled results. We examine the accuracy of finite-difference seismograms through comparisons with analytical results in a dip-slip modeling example. The value of this approach as an interpretation tool in microseismic modeling is demonstrated in a survey design example from the Fayetteville Shale, where scattering and waveguide phenomena have a significant effect on the observed amplitudes. We advise placing arrays at locations where amplitudes are robust to these effects when deploying real-time ray-based inversion methods in the field.
Speech Coding Standards in Mobile Communications (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Speech Coder Attributes Speech Coding Basics Speech Coding Standards Speech Coder Implementation Conclusion
Microwave-assisted hydrolysis: efficient synthesis of α-substituted cysteines on multi-gram scale (2012)

A microwave-assisted hydrolysis of thiazolidines was developed for the synthesis of enantioenriched α-alkylcysteines. Under optimized conditions, the efficiency of the reaction can be considerably improved and the scope significantly broadened as compared to previously described processes. This approach is shown to be applicable to the multi-gram scale using a high-throughput microwave system.
The staining potential of various currently marketed mouthrinses. (2013)

The results of this study demonstrated that regular use of CPH and C mouthrinses resulted in extrinsic stain accumulation after six weeks, with increased accumulation after 12 weeks versus brushing alone.
Wearable, Epidermal, and Implantable Sensors for Medical Applications (2018)

Continuous health monitoring using wireless body area networks (WBANs) of wearable, epidermal and implantable medical devices is envisioned as a transformative approach to healthcare. Rapid advances in biomedical sensors, low-power electronics, and wireless communications have brought this vision to the verge of reality. However, key challenges still remain to be addressed. This paper surveys the current state-of-the-art in the area of wireless sensors for medical applications. Specifically, it focuses on presenting the recent advancements in wearable, epidermal and implantable technologies, and discusses reported ways of powering up such sensors. Furthermore, this paper addresses the challenges that exist in the various Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) layers and illustrates future research areas concerning the utilization of wireless sensors in healthcare applications.
Demographic representation in clinical trials for cell-based therapy (2021)

Inclusion of women and minorities in clinical research is critical to fully assess the safety and efficacy of innovative therapies. With inadequate representation of demography, generalizability is impaired since pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics differ in these patient populations. This study was designed to analyze the voluntary participation rates of different demographic groups in cell-based therapy clinical trials conducted by the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute (ISCI) at the University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine. ISCI conducted eight clinical trials between 2007 and 2017. The trials enrolled patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), aging-frailty, and Type-2 Diabetes. Participants received cell-based therapy (n = 218) or placebo (n = 33). Among the 251 participants, 29.5% were Hispanic and 20% were women. The proportion of individuals participating in each trial was compared to that of the respective disease populations attending University of Miami Health System clinics to calculate the participation to prevalence ratio (PPR). Distribution of women accurately reflected the population attending the University of Miami Health System in trials for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and aging-frailty but was under-represented in others. Similarly, Hispanics and whites were accurately represented in three of the five disease fields, with Hispanics under-represented in frailty and diabetes, and whites over-represented in DCM and IPF. Black patients were accurately represented in the diabetes trial but were under-represented in all others. This study provides insight into challenges of achieving representative inclusion in research. Novel community engagement strategies are necessary to improve inclusion of women and under-represented minorities in clinical research of cell-based therapy.
Novel <b><i>TECTA </i></b>Mutations Identified in Stable Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Their Clinical Implications (2014)

TECTA is a causative gene of autosomal dominant (DFNA8/A12) and autosomal recessive (DFNB 21) nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss (NSHL). Mutations in TECTA account for 4% of all autosomal dominant NSHL cases in some populations and are thus thought to be one of the major causes of autosomal dominant NSHL. A genotype-phenotype correlation for autosomal dominant mutations in the TECTA gene has been proposed. Two families (SB146 and SB149), which segregated moderate NSHL in an autosomal dominant fashion, were included in this study. We performed targeted resequencing of 134 known deafness genes (TRS-134) and bioinformatics analyses to find causative mutations for NSHL in these 2 families. Through TRS-134, we detected 2 novel mutations, i.e. c.3995G>T (p.C1332F) and c.5618C>T (p.T1873I), in the TECTA gene. These mutations cosegregated with NSHL in the studied families and were not detected in normal controls. The mutations c.3995G>T and c.5618C>T reside in the von Willebrand factor type D3-D4 (vWFD3-D4) interdomain of the zonadhesin (ZA) domain and the zona pellucida (ZP) domain, respectively. p.C1332F is the first mutation detected in the vWFD3-D4 interdomain of the ZA domain. The mutations p.C1332F and p.T1873I were associated with stable high-frequency and mid-frequency hearing loss, respectively. Notably, the cysteine residue mutated to phenylalanine in SB146 was not related to progression of sensorineural hearing loss, which argues against the previous hypothesis. Here we confirm a known genotype-phenotype correlation for the ZP domain and propose a hypothetical genotype-phenotype correlation which relates mutations in vWFD3-D4 to stable high-frequency NSHL in Koreans. This clinical feature makes subjects with the missense mutation in the vWFD3-D4 interdomain of TECTA potentially good candidates for middle ear implantation.
Abstract 12659: Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Produce Concordant Improvements in Regional Function, Tissue Perfusion, and Fibrotic Burden when Administered to Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (2013)

Background: There is evidence supporting the efficacy of cell-based therapy to improve LV function in patients with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing CABG. The precise impact of this strat...
Cardiac Computed Tomographic Angiography—A Diagnostic Revolution (2006)

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<title>Infrared/Charge Coupled Devices (IR/CCD) Hybrid Focal Planes</title> (1978)

The use of charge transfer devices on the focal plane allows signals from a large number of detectors to be multiplexed onto a few video lines, thereby reducing the leadout complexity and making possible focal planes with many thousands of individual detectors, with a resultant increase in performance over present systems. Hybrid technology, which interfaces silicon CCDs with optimum infrared detector materials, offers a high performance, near term solution for advanced focal planes. The electrical and mechanical aspects of hybrid technology are addressed, and reasonable solutions are presented for both PC and PV detectors multiplexed by a CCD with minimum loss in S/N. The systems implications of this approach to large focal planes are described. Finally, experimental results obtained at Honeywell on detector and detector/CCD performance are presented. Progress in this area has been rapid, and the large hybrid focal planes will begin appearing in infrared systems in the next few years.
Abstract B27: Probing synthetic lethal interactions with RAF inhibition in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer (2013)

Abstract Large-scale RNA interference screens have indicated that BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines are dependent upon BRAF expression for proliferation. However, small molecule RAF inhibitors, such as vemurafenib, have so far failed to exhibit robust activity in clinical trials of patients with CRC, with a response rate of only 5%. Commensurate with this, CRC cell lines demonstrate intrinsic resistance to RAF inhibitors. Therefore, we designed an RNA interference screen to identify loss of function events that could synergize with pharmacologic RAF inhibition. We transduced a pooled lentiviral library encoding 90,000 shRNAs targeting over 16,500 genes into RAF-inhibitor-resistant RKO CRC cells. The shRNA-infected population was divided into two experimental arms, one treated with DMSO, the other treated with PLX4720. Following 16 population doublings, the abundance of each hairpin was assessed by PCR amplification of barcoded hairpin DNA, followed by massively parallel paired-end sequencing. The log-fold change in shRNA abundance between the PLX4720- and DMSO-treated controls was determined and RNAi gene enrichment (RIGER) used to rank individual shRNAs and nominate candidate genes that were required for survival of RKO cells exposed to PLX4720. We validated the 40 top-ranking genes that displayed synthetic lethality with RAF inhibition in an arrayed secondary screen. shRNAs targeting MET scored highly, consistent with recent reports implicating HGF-MET signaling in resistance to BRAF inhibition, validating our approach. Furthermore, we describe the characterization of additional genes that sensitize cells to inhibition of BRAF, suggesting novel therapeutic opportunities. By integrating these findings with other genomic and functional studies we aim to identify clinically actionable events that cause RAF-inhibitor resistance in colorectal cancers. Citation Format: Steven R. Whittaker, Flora Luo, Jessica Hsiao, Glenn S. Cowley, David E. Root, Levi A. Garraway. Probing synthetic lethal interactions with RAF inhibition in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Synthetic Lethal Approaches to Cancer Vulnerabilities; May 17-20, 2013; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(5 Suppl):Abstract nr B27.
Angiotensin II-mediated oxidative stress and procollagen-1 expression in cardiac fibroblasts: blockade by pravastatin and pioglitazone (2006)

Angiotensin II (ANG II), a product of renin-angiotensin system activation, enhances collagen synthesis, which is a key event in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. Inhibition of cardiac remodeling is now a target of multiple therapies, including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligands. We examined the potential antifibrotic effect of the combination of a statin (pravastatin) and a PPAR-gamma ligand (pioglitazone) in ANG II-treated mouse cardiac fibroblasts. ANG II treatment induced procollagen-1 expression, which was inhibited by pravastatin and pioglitazone in a dose-dependent fashion. Pretreatment of fibroblasts with low therapeutic concentrations of either pravastatin (0.1 microM) or pioglitazone (5 microM) only slightly decreased ANG II-induced NADPH oxidase expression, superoxide anion production, and procollagen-1 expression; however, the combination of pravastatin and pioglitazone markedly modulated these effects of ANG II. The combination also blocked ANG II-mediated p38 MAPK and p44/42 MAPK activation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that ANG II activated transcription factors NF-kappaB and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Although pravastatin and pioglitazone alone had a variable effect on NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation, their combination exerted a potent inhibitory effect on the activation of both NF-kappaB and AP-1. The effects of pravastatin and pioglitazone in combination on superoxide generation and procollagen-1 expression mimicked those of alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol, two potent antioxidants. Thus it appears that there is a positive interaction between pravastatin and pioglitazone in modulating ANG II-mediated oxidative stress, inhibiting MAPK activation, and procollagen-1 expression.
Self-monitoring ‘SMART’ (RE)Ba2Cu3O7−xconductor via integrated optical fibers (2017)

A self-monitoring, SMART (RE)Ba2Cu3O7−x (REBCO) conductor has been created by integrating optical fibers into the solder fillet of the current REBCO conductor architecture. By interrogating the integrated optical fiber by Raleigh backscattering, a spectral shift signal as a function of time and position along the conductor is obtained. Due to the direct integration into the solder fillet, intimate, consistent contact between fiber and conductor is obtained, while the optical fiber is protected and does not take up any space in the magnet winding. Therefore, the SMART conductor enhances the benefits of the co-wound fiber approach and provides ultimate sensitivity and practicality. Several samples of SMART REBCO conductor have been manufactured and characterized. The strain self-sensing capabilities have been demonstrated as well as thermal perturbation detection and localization with 2.56 mm spatial resolution. Results show that a key feature of the SMART conductor concerns its sensitivity to thermal perturbation; unlike in the case of a coil with co-wound optical fiber, the SMART REBCO sensitivity increases as the temperature decreases. A series of quench measurements have been performed, both on straight samples and on a pancake coil, at temperatures as low as 14.6 K. Using the data collected by the SMART REBCO during quench experiments, the temporal evolution of the size of a normal zone and the instantaneous normal zone propagation velocity have been calculated.
Homozygosity for the IgG2 Subclass Allotype G2M(n) Protects against Severe Infection in Hereditary C2 Deficiency (2006)

Homozygous C2 deficiency (C2D) is the most common deficiency of the classical complement pathway in Western countries. It is mostly found in patients with autoimmune disease or susceptibility to bacterial infections and in healthy persons. We wished to assess to what extent other immunological factors might explain differences of susceptibility to infections in C2D. For this reason, 44 Swedish patients with C2D were stratified with regard to the severity of documented infections. Investigations of IgG subclass levels, IgG subclass-specific GM allotypes, concentrations of factor B, properdin, and factor H, and polymorphisms of mannan-binding lectin and the Fc receptors FcgammaRIIa and FcgammaRIIIb were performed. Homozygosity for the G2M*n allele, which is known to promote Ab responses to polysaccharide Ags, was strongly associated with the absence of severe infections (p < 0.001) in the patients, suggesting a major protective role. The combination of mannan (or mannose)-binding lectin and C2 deficiency was found to be a minor susceptibility factor for invasive infection (p = 0.03). Low concentrations of IgG2 and factor B might sometimes contribute to susceptibility to infection. Other factors investigated did not appear to be important. In conclusion, the findings indicated that efficient Ab responses to polysaccharides are protective against severe infection in C2D. Implications with regard to vaccination should be considered.
Proliferation‐dependent vs. independent programmed cell death of prostatic cancer cells involves distinct gene regulation (1994)

Androgen-independent Dunning R-3327 AT-3 rat prostatic cancer cells can be induced to undergo programmed cell death in either a proliferation-dependent or independent manner depending upon the therapeutic agent used. In the present study, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FrdU) was used to induce proliferation-dependent death of the AT-3 cells via its ability to inhibit thymidylate synthetase. Ionomycin and thapsigargin were used to induce proliferation-independent death of these cells via their ability to sustain an elevation in intracellular free Ca2+. Based upon the temporal sequence of DNA fragmentation, morphologic changes, and loss of cell viability, each of the three test agents, at the doses used, induces the programmed death of AT-3 cells with essentially identical kinetics. Based upon these similarities, comparisons of the pattern of gene expression during the proliferation-dependent (i.e., 5-FrdU-induced) vs. proliferation-independent (i.e., ionomycin and thapsigargin-induced) programmed death of AT-3 cells allow identification of genes whose enhanced expression is involved in the initiation vs. completion of programmed cell death. Based upon this approach, enhanced H-ras and TRPM-2 expression is associated with initiation of proliferation-dependent programmed death of AT-3 cells while enhanced c-myc, calmodulin, and alpha-prothymosin expression is associated with initiation of proliferation-independent programmed death of these cells. In contrast, enhanced expression of glucose-regulated 78 kilodalton and tissue transglutaminase genes are associated with the completion of programmed cell death, since their expression is enhanced in both proliferation-dependent and independent programmed cell death of AT-3 cells.
Active Site-directed Inhibitors of Rhodococcus 20 S Proteasome (1997)

We have studied the mechanism of inhibition of the recombinant Rhodococcus proteasome by four different chemical classes of active site-directed small molecule inhibitors. Clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone is a time-dependent inhibitor of the Rhodococcus proteasome's ability to hydrolyze Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC, a substrate for this proteasome's single type of active site, and proceeds with a kinact/[I] of 1,700 M-1 s-1. Using peptide mapping of tryptic digests, LC/MS, and amino acid sequence analysis, we have established that the Ogamma of the hydroxyl group on the N-terminal threonine of the beta-subunit is the sole modification made by the beta-lactone. Active site titrations of the Rhodococcus proteasome with reversible peptide aldehydes show the expected stoichiometry of one inhibitor molecule per beta-subunit. Prior modification with beta-lactone completely abrogates the binding of peptidyl boronic acid inhibitors, suggesting that these inhibitors also inactivate the enzyme by reacting with the Ogamma moiety on Thr1. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of peptidyl vinyl sulfone-modified intact Rhodococcus proteasome beta-subunit and its tryptic peptides suggests that the peptidyl vinyl sulfone modifies a residue in the N-terminal 20 amino acids. This modification is also blocked by prior treatment with beta-lactone.
In Vivo Transfer of Intracellular Labels from Locally Implanted Bone Marrow Stromal Cells to Resident Tissue Macrophages (2009)

Intracellular labels such as dextran coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) are frequently used to study the fate of transplanted cells by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging or fluorescent microscopy. Bystander uptake of labeled cells by resident tissue macrophages (TM) can confound the interpretation of the presence of intracellular labels especially during direct implantation of cells, which can result in more than 70% cell death. In this study we determined the percentages of TM that took up SPION, BrdU or GFP from labeled bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) that were placed into areas of angiogenesis and inflammation in a mouse model known as Matrigel plaque perfusion assay. Cells recovered from digested plaques at various time points were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The analysis of harvested plaques revealed 5% of BrdU(+), 5-10% of GFP(+) and 5-15% of dextran(+) macrophages. The transfer of the label was not dependent on cell dose or viability. Collectively, this study suggests that care should be taken to validate donor origin of cells using an independent marker by histology and to assess transplanted cells for TM markers prior to drawing conclusions about the in vivo behavior of transplanted cells.
Targeted Approaches for In Situ Gut Microbiome Manipulation (2018)

Microbial communities and their collective genomes form the gut microbiome, of which bacteria are the major contributor. Through their secreted metabolites, bacteria interact with the host, influencing human health and physiology. Perturbation of the microbiota and metabolome has been associated with various diseases and metabolic conditions. As knowledge on fundamental host-microbiome interactions and genetic engineering tools becomes readily available, targeted manipulation of the gut microbiome for therapeutic applications gains favourable attention. Manipulation of the gut microbiome can be achieved by altering the microbiota population and composition, or by modifying the functional metabolic activity of the microbiome to promote health and restore the microbiome balance. In this article, we review current works that demonstrate various strategies employed to manipulate the gut microbiome in situ to various degrees of precision.
A Cationic Oligomer as an Organic Template for Direct Synthesis of Aluminosilicate ITH Zeolite (2020)

Abstract There are a large number of zeolites, such as ITH, that cannot be prepared in the aluminosilicate form. Now, the successful synthesis of aluminosilicate ITH zeolite using a simple cationic oligomer as an organic template is presented. Key to the success is that the cationic oligomer has a strong complexation ability with aluminum species combined with a structural directing ability for the ITH structure similar to that of the conventional organic template. The aluminosilicate ITH zeolite has very high crystallinity, nanosheet‐like crystal morphology, large surface area, fully four‐coordinated Al species, and abundant acidic sites. Methanol‐to‐propylene (MTP) tests reveal that the Al‐ITH zeolite shows much higher selectivity for propylene and longer lifetime than commercial ZSM‐5. FCC tests show that Al‐ITH zeolite is a good candidate as a shape‐selective FCC additive for enhancing propylene and butylene selectivity.