gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Adhesion Between Carbon Fibers and Bismaleimide Resins (1995)

Abstract The adhesion between carbon fibers and bismaleimide resins was evaluated using the microbond single fiber pull-out test. A commercially-available, methylene dianiline-based bismaleimide resin and a novel phosphorus-containing bismaleimide were tested with as-received and plasma-treated polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers. The surface chemical composition, topography, tensile strength, and surface free energy of the carbon fibers were studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, single fiber tensile tests, and dynamic contact angle analysis. The carbon fiber-bismaleimide adhesion improved when the carbon fiber received an oxidative commercial surface treatment or was exposed to an air or ammonia plasma prior to bonding.
Synchrotron Imaging Assessment of Bone Quality (2016)

Bone is a complex hierarchical structure, and its principal function is to resist mechanical forces and fracture. Bone strength depends not only on the quantity of bone tissue but also on the shape and hierarchical structure. The hierarchical levels are interrelated, especially the micro-architecture, collagen and mineral components; hence, analysis of their specific roles in bone strength and stiffness is difficult. Synchrotron imaging technologies including micro-CT and small/wide angle X-ray scattering/diffraction are becoming increasingly popular for studying bone because the images can resolve deformations in the micro-architecture and collagen-mineral matrix under in situ mechanical loading. Synchrotron cannot be directly applied in vivo due to the high radiation dose but will allow researchers to carry out systematic multifaceted studies of bone ex vivo. Identifying characteristics of aging and disease will underpin future efforts to generate novel devices and interventional therapies for assessing and promoting healthy aging. With our own research work as examples, this paper introduces how synchrotron imaging technology can be used with in situ testing in bone research.
Stabilization of Octastatin, a Somatostatin analogue. Preparation of Freeze-Dried Products for Parenteral Injection. (1995)

Octastatin (RC-160, vapreotide INN) is a somatostatin analogue being developed for use in oncological, enterologic and neuroendocrine applications. The pharmaceutical form is a freeze-dried preparation for parenteral injection use. Three dosage forms containing 0.5, 1.5 and 15 mg of vapreotide base have been investigated. Various freeze-drying conditions, stabilizing agents, membranes for sterile filtration and heating procedures have been examined. The formulation with glutamic acid-sodium glutamate buffer as a stabilizing agent, the type of membrane for filtration and the freeze-drying procedure have been found appropriate for subsequent industrial production. No evident degradation was observed either after manufacturing, or after a three-week accelerated stability study at 50 degrees C and 70% relative humidity.
Liquid Precursor Route for Hetero‐epitaxy of Zr(Y)O 2 Thin Films on (001) Cubic Zirconia (1993)

ZrO 2 –3 mol% Y 2 O 3 „single‐crystal” thin films with multiple variants were epitaxially formed on (100) cubic zirconia substrates. The films were prepared by spin‐coating an aqueous zirconium acetate/yttrium nitrate solution onto the cubic zirconia substrates and subsequently heat‐treated at temperatures between 1100° and 1400°C. Electron diffraction and dark‐field TEM observations showed that the film has tetragonal symmetry and consists of 50–100 nm variants with their c‐axes aligned with one of the three substrate cube axes. Unrelaxed strain energy estimates indicate that the two variants with their c 1 ‐axis parallel to the substrate/thin film interface are energetically favorable.
Oligomerisation of a plant helper NLR requires cell-surface and intracellular immune receptor activation (2022)

Abstract Plant disease resistance involves both detection of microbial molecular patterns by cell-surface pattern recognition receptors and detection of pathogen effectors by intracellular NLR immune receptors. NLRs are classified as sensor NLRs, involved in effector detection, or helper NLRs required for sensor NLR signalling. TIR-domain-containing sensor NLRs (TNLs) require helper NLRs NRG1 and ADR1 for resistance, and their activation of defense also requires the lipase-domain proteins EDS1, SAG101 and PAD4. We investigated how the helper NLR NRG1 supports TNL-initiated immunity with EDS1 and SAG101. We find that NRG1 associates with EDS1 and SAG101 at the plasma membrane and in the nucleus, but only self-associates at the plasma membrane. Activation of TNLs is sufficient to trigger NRG1-EDS1-SAG101 interaction, but cell-surface receptor-initiated defense is also required to form an oligomeric Resistosome. The data point to formation of NRG1-EDS1-SAG101 heterotrimers in the nucleus upon intracellular receptor activation alone and indicate formation of NRG1-EDS1-SAG101 Resistosomes at the plasma membrane upon co-activation of intracellular and cell surface-receptor pathways.
Enhancement of Ribozyme Function by RNA Binding Proteins (2003)

The hammerhead ribozyme motif can be engineered to function as a sequence-specific endoribonuclease for use as a specific inhibitor of gene expression (,). However, efficient inhibition often requires high ribozyme concentrations and a large excess of ribozyme over substrate (). Moreover, the extent of inhibition seen with an inactive ribozyme mutant is often on the same order of magnitude as for the active version owing to antisense effects (). Thus far, it appears that in vivo applications of ribozymes have not taken full advantage of their demonstrated in vitro potential.
A Taxonomy for New Routing and Addressing Architecture Designs (2008)

The Routing Research Group is tasked to design a new routing
architecture to meet the challenges of scalability in face of
pervasive multi-homing and inter-domain traffic engineering. A number
of solutions have been proposed. This draft describes a taxonomy for
the design space, and then uses the taxonomy to discuss and compare
the proposed solutions.
Fluctuations in intracranial pressure can be estimated non-invasively using near-infrared spectroscopy in non-human primates (2019)

Intracranial pressure (ICP) is typically measured invasively through a sensor placed inside the brain or a needle inserted into the spinal canal, limiting the patient population on which this assessment can be performed. Currently, non-invasive methods are limited due to lack of sensitivity and thus only apply to extreme cases of increased ICP, instead of use in general clinical practice. We demonstrate a novel application for near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to accurately estimate ICP changes over time. Using a non-human primate (Rhesus Macaque) model, we collected optical data while we induced ICP oscillations at multiple ICP levels obtained by manipulating the height of a fluid column connected via a catheter to the lateral ventricle. Hemodynamic responses to ICP changes were measured at the occipital pole and compared to changes detected by a conventional intraparenchymal ICP probe. We demonstrate that hemoglobin concentrations are highly correlated with induced ICP oscillations and that this response is frequency dependent. We translated the NIRS data into non-invasive ICP measurements via a fitted non-parametric transfer function, demonstrating a match in both magnitude and time alignment with an invasively measured reference. Our results demonstrate that NIRS has the potential for non-invasive ICP monitoring.
Design and Implementation of Wideband Microstrip Antenna with Resistive and Inductive Loading (2007)

Antennas of the near field detection radar require little distortion in time domain caused by multi reflections between feed and open ends of the antenna, so that help to discriminate the target signal from the clutters. The resistive loading techniques have been used to reduce the late time distortions in order to prevent masking of target. In this paper, we design a microstrip antenna with two arms having sloted lines, which have inductance loading effect. Implemented antenna shows better performance on reducing late-time ringing, and the peak value of the received signal becomes 45% greater than the one by the antenna with two non-sloted lines.
Poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers as potential siRNA delivery nanocarrier: from structure to function (2010)

The goal of the present investigation is to reveal the role of the Poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimer structure on the siRNA nanoparticles formation, facilitation of cell internalisation, and sequence specific knockdown of targeted genes. It was found that the higher generations of PPI dendrimers (G4 and G5) most effectively initiated the complexation of siRNA into discrete nanoparticles when compared with lower generations of dendrimers (G2 and G3) as determined by tapping mode atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The formulated siRNA-PPI dendrimer complexes provided for a dramatic enhancement in siRNA cellular internalisation and the marked knockdown of targeted mRNA expression in A549 human lung cancer cells. While the size and positive charge density of G5 is much larger than G4 dendrimers, provoking higher toxicity, G4 dendrimer shows the maximum efficacy terms of siRNA nanoparticles formation, intracellular siRNA internalisation, and sequence specific gene silencing.
Plasma Cortisol, Prolactin, Growth Hormone, and Immunoreactive β-Endorphin Response to Fenfluramine Challenge in Depressed Patients (1988)

The effect of a single dose (60 mg p.o.) of the serotonin agonistic agent fenfluramine (FNF) on plasma cortisol, prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and immunoreactive beta-endorphin (ir-beta-EP) levels was assessed in eight major depressed patients and eight controls. The hormones were monitored at basal level (0') and hourly during 5 h following FNF administration. The pharmacological challenge caused an elevation of 80% in PRL secretion in the healthy controls and only 42% in the depressed patients. However, the actual prolactin response (delta max) failed to discriminate depressed patients from controls. A blunted response followed by a decrease (33%) in serum cortisol levels was observed in depressed patients 5 h after drug administration while an increase of 94% was obtained in controls after 3 h. FNF provocation did not affect GH and ir-beta-EP plasma levels. The blunted cortisol responsiveness to FNF administration in depressed patients may reflect functional hypoactivity of central serotonergic system at least during the acute phase of major depression. It is not clear why the cortisol hyporesponsivity in depressed patients is not accompanied by a similar reduced PRL response to FNF challenge.
Anti‐HIV Nucleoside Phosphonate GS‐9148 and Its Prodrug GS‐9131: Scale Up of a 2′‐F Modified Cyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate and Synthesis of Selected Amidate Prodrugs (2014)

Nucleoside phosphonate analogs are an important class of antiviral drugs for the treatment of HIV and HBV. The most recent nucleoside phosphonate to progress to clinical development is GS-9131, a cyclic nucleoside phosphonate (CNP). This unit contains procedures for the synthesis of the parent CNP 2'-Fd4AP (GS-9148) and selected monoamidate and bisamidate prodrugs, including the monoamidate clinical prodrug GS-9131. The first basic protocol of this unit details improved procedures for the preparation of 2'-Fd4AP and related phosphonate esters by introduction of a hydroxylmethyl phosphonate ester regioselectively and stereoselectively onto a furanose core via a glycal intermediate. The method described is believed to be robust and flexible, allowing for a variety of analogs with other nucleobases or furanose 2'-ring substitutions to be prepared. The preparation of monoamidate and bisamidate prodrugs either on the phosphonate diacid or its monophenyl ester is then described in the second and third basic protocols of this unit.
X Architecture Place and Route: Physical Design for the X Interconnect Architecture (2008)

This chapter presents historical context for the ubiquity of Manhattan wiring and then introduces and explores the X interconnect architecture, which combines diagonal and Manhattan wires pervasively to improve integrated circuit layout. It provides an industrial-strength X layout system; X chips can be manufactured and are being used in production; and the benefits, both theoretical and practical, are very substantial. The chapter describes the X interconnect architecture, which uses both Manhattan and diagonal wires pervasively, and introduces some of the many electronic design automation innovations that were required to reduce X to practice. It also describes a few of the tools and techniques used within X place and route that made X layout possible starting in 2001. Placement is typically performed in one of the three ways: recursive partitioning, analytical techniques, or Monte Carlo methods such as simulated annealing.
In vitro and in vivo Staining Characteristics of Small, Fluorescent, Aβ42‐Binding D‐Enantiomeric Peptides in Transgenic AD Mouse Models (2008)

One of the characteristic pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are neuritic plaques that consist of amyloid peptide (Abeta). To improve diagnosis and treatment evaluation, neuroimaging tools that make use of Abeta-binding ligands to visualise amyloid plaques are being developed. We investigate the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of a series of three D-enantiomeric peptides (D1-D3) that were developed to specifically bind amyloid beta1-42 (Abeta42) in the brains of transgenic AD-model mice. We stained brain sections of the mice, injected and infused the mice with these small D-peptides, and examined their staining of Abeta42 in the brain. The experiments demonstrate that the D-peptides label all plaques that contain Abeta42 in the brain. In contrast, diffuse amyloid beta deposits (which do not contain Abeta42) are not stained by any of the D-peptides. The in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that the D-peptides label all Abeta42 in the brain, and none of the D-peptides causes inflammation or is taken up by astrocytes or microglia. Furthermore, long-term infusion of the peptides does not cause inflammation. Together, this demonstrates that these D-peptides might be suitable for use as molecular probes to measure Abeta plaque load in the living brain for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, or to monitor Abeta42 plaque load during disease progression or during treatment.
Integrated Steam/Organic Rankine Cycle (ISORC) for Waste Heat Recovery in Distributed Generation and Combined Heat and Power Production (2010)

Energy efficiency improvement and waste heat utilization in power generation and energy intensive industrial applications are in the main focus of the researchers and engineers nowadays. A great deal of experience was gained by the industrial leaders such as ORMAT, Siemens, Caterpillar, Turboden, and others. However, the commercially and semi-commercially available systems for waste heat utilization have certain restrictions that limit the utilization cycle efficiency to approximately 18%. The paper presents an innovative concept of waste heat utilization system that allows reaching the utilization cycle efficiency up to 28–30% employing low-boiling media such as butane, propane, pentane and others. Applying such a concept to Distributed Generation systems the overall energy efficiency could be boost up to 58–60% and further up to 90% in case of CHP production.
Uniform accuracy of eigenpairs from a shift-invert Lanczos method. (2005)

This paper analyzes the accuracy of the shift-invert Lanczos iteration for computing eigenpairs of the symmetric definite generalized eigenvalue problem. We provide bounds for the accuracy of the eigenpairs produced by shift-invert Lanczos given a residual reduction. We discuss the implications of our analysis for practical shift-invert Lanczos iterations. When the generalized eigenvalue problem arises from a conforming finite element method, we also comment on the uniform accuracy of bounds (independent of the mesh size h).
Regulatory perturbations of ribosome allocation reshape the growth proteome with a trade-off in adaptation capacity (2021)

Summary Bacteria regulate their cellular resource allocation to enable fast growth-adaptation to a variety of environmental niches. We studied the ribosomal allocation, growth and expression profiles of two sets of fast-growing mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 in glucose minimal medium. Mutants with only 3 of the seven copies of ribosomal RNA operons grew faster than the wild-type strain in minimal media and show similar phenotype to previously studied rpoB mutants. Higher growth rates due to increased ribosome content affected resource allocation. Expression profiles of fast-growing mutants shared downregulation of hedging functions and upregulated growth functions. Mutants showed longer diauxic shifts and reduced activity of gluconeogenic promoters during glucose-acetate shifts, suggesting reduced availability of the RNA Polymerase for expressing hedging proteome. These results show that the regulation of ribosomal allocation underlies the growth/hedging phenotypes obtained from laboratory evolution experiments. We show how two different regulatory perturbations (rRNA promoters or rpoB mutations) reshape the proteome for growth with a concomitant fitness cost Highlights Mutants with only 3 ribosomal operons grow faster than wild-type in minimal medium Δ4 rrn and rpoB mutants share phenotypic traits Faster growth of mutants is achieved by increased ribosome content Fast-growing mutants display reduced hedging expression and adaptation trade-offs Despite similar ribosomal content in rich medium the mutants present growth defects
LRH-1 and PTF1-L coregulate an exocrine pancreas-specific transcriptional network for digestive function (2011)

We have determined the cistrome and transcriptome for the nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) in exocrine pancreas. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq and RNA-seq analyses reveal that LRH-1 directly induces expression of genes encoding digestive enzymes and secretory and mitochondrial proteins. LRH-1 cooperates with the pancreas transcription factor 1-L complex (PTF1-L) in regulating exocrine pancreas-specific gene expression. Elimination of LRH-1 in adult mice reduced the concentration of several lipases and proteases in pancreatic fluid and impaired pancreatic fluid secretion in response to cholecystokinin. Thus, LRH-1 is a key regulator of the exocrine pancreas-specific transcriptional network required for the production and secretion of pancreatic fluid.
Voltage Control in Active, Intelligent Distribution Networks (2012)

This paper describes solutions for voltage control in low-voltage distribution networks with a high penetration of decentralized feed-in systems. Electric equipment such as controllable distribution transformers with on-load tap changer (OLTC), reactive-power capable PV inverters and decentralized line voltage controllers were included in the study. After a short description of the issue of voltage control in distribution networks, we will continue with a description of the proposed solutions including the electric equipment and selected system concepts, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. In conclusion, a model of an existing low-voltage network is used to compare the concepts taking into account the potential increases in hosting capacity, losses caused by limiting active power, and the required reactive power that needs to be provided.
ChemInform Abstract: The Esterification Reaction Between Silyl Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols by the Promotion of a Catalytic Amount of Lewis Acid. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
How is duration information from multiple sensory sources combined? (2013)

The perception of duration can be biased by the physical properties of a sensory stimulus. For example, visual stimuli with higher temporal frequency are perceived as longer (Kanai et al., 2006). Objects of different temporal frequencies often appear simultaneously in the environment, providing conflicting information about duration. Does the brain keep separate duration representations for each object, or form a single representation? If a single duration representation is kept, how is it formed? One possibility is by Bayesian cue integration (Ahrens & Sahani, 2011); another is by reading out the total neural energy for encoding all the stimuli (Eagleman & Pariyadath 2009, 2012). Human participants estimated the duration of Gabor patterns drifting at 1Hz and 6Hz (denoted by L for low and H for high frequency, and LH when the two were simultaneously presented. In Experiment 1, participants compared the duration of LH against H. Psychometric functions revealed no bias between them. This suggests observers might overweight the dominant frequency channel (every stimulus includes an H), or were able to keep separate duration representations for each frequency channel and only use the H channel for judgments. In Experiment 2, LH was always presented first, followed by LH, H, or L. Duration of H was perceived longer than LH, consistent with a Bayesian cue integration model. Relative to LH, the judgments to H and L were significantly different, ruling out the model of separate duration representations. The precision of judging LH was better than H and L for the majority of participants. Experiment 3 used a static Gabor pattern (S) as the standard stimulus, and showed a compatible result. These data suggest observers weight duration information from multiple stimuli to form a single estimate. However, the distribution of stimuli in experiment context can influence the weights. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2013
The promise and challenges of stem cell‐based therapies for skeletal diseases (2012)

Despite decades of research, remaining safety concerns regarding disease transmission, heterotopic tissue formation, and tumorigenicity have kept stem cell-based therapies largely outside the standard-of-care for musculoskeletal medicine. Recent insights into trophic and immune regulatory activities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), although incomplete, have stimulated a plethora of new clinical trials for indications far beyond simply supplying progenitors to replenish or re-build lost/damaged tissues. Cell banks are being established and cell-based products are in active clinical trials. Moreover, significant advances have also been made in the field of pluripotent stem cells, in particular the recent development of induced pluripotent stem cells. Their indefinite proliferation potential promises to overcome the limited supply of tissue-specific cells and adult stem cells. However, substantial hurdles related to their safety must be overcome for these cells to be clinically applicable.
A new kind of topological quantum order: A dimensional hierarchy of quasiparticles built from stationary excitations (2015)

Exactly solvable models often provide valuable insights in theoretical studies of topological phases. Here the authors introduce exactly solvable models of interacting Majorana fermions each with extensive topological ground-state degeneracy and a hierarchy of pointlike, topological excitations that are only free to move within submanifolds of the full lattice. These very different models make up a new kind of topological quantum order.