gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Metformin Treatment on CRBP-I Level and Cancer Development in the Liver of HBx Transgenic Mice (2013)

Retinoids regulate not only various cell functions including proliferation and differentiation but also glucose and lipid metabolism. After we observed a marked up-regulation of cellular retinol-binding protein-I (CRBP-I) in the liver of hepatitis B virus x antigen (HBx)-transgenic (HBx Tg) mice which are prone to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and fatty liver, we aimed to evaluate retinoid pathway, including genes for the retinoid physiology, CRBP-I protein expression, and retinoid levels, in the liver of HBx Tg mice. We also assessed the effect of chronic metformin treatment on HCC development in the mice. Many genes involved in hepatic retinoid physiology, including CRBP-I, were altered and the tissue levels of retinol and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) were elevated in the liver of HBx Tg mice compared to those of wild type (WT) control mice. CRBP-I protein expression in liver, but not in white adipose tissue, of HBx Tg mice was significantly elevated compared to WT control mice while CRBP-I protein expressions in the liver and WAT of high-fat fed obese and db/db mice were comparable to WT control mice. Chronic treatment of HBx Tg mice with metformin did not affect the incidence of HCC, but slightly increased hepatic CRBP-I level. In conclusion, hepatic CRBP-I level was markedly up-regulated in HCC-prone HBx Tg mice and neither hepatic CRBP-I nor the development of HCC was suppressed by metformin treatment.
MedSLT (2006)

MedSLT is a unidirectional medical speech translation system intended for use in doctor-patient diagnosis dialogues, which provides coverage of several different language pairs and subdomains. Vocabulary ranges from about 350 to 1000 surface words, depending on the language and subdomain. We will demo both the system itself and the development environment, which uses a combination of rule-based and data-driven methods to construct efficient recognisers, generators and transfer rule sets from small corpora.
Phase 2 multi-center study of tazemetostat (EPZ-6438), an inhibitor of enhancer of zeste-homolog 2 (EZH2), in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). (2016)

TPS7582 Background: The histone transferase EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) responsible for methylating lysine 27 of histone H3, a mark associated with repressed transcription when trimethylated. Aberrant EZH2 activity has been implicated as an oncogenic driver in NHL. In line with preclinical observations of cell line sensitivity to EPZ-6438 exposure, objective responses have been observed in phase 1 in patients with both wild-type and mutated EZH2 tumors. This phase 2 study is enrolling subjects with either EZH2 mutated or EZH2 wild-type relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or follicular lymphoma (FL) to determine efficacy and safety in 5 separate cohorts determined by centrally confirmed histology, cell of origin (COO) and EZH2 mutation status. Methods: Tazemetostat 800 mg is administered orally twice daily to 5 cohorts: DLBCL with GCB subtype and EZH2 mutations; DLBCL with GCB subtype and wild-type EZH2; DLBCL with non-GCB subtype (including PMBCL); FL with EZH2 mutations; and FL with wild-type EZH2. Archival tumor tissue is analyzed prospectively for EZH2 hot spot mutations Y646X, A682G and A692V using a cobas EZH2 mutation test (in development) and COO as determined by immunohistochemistry using the Hans’ algorithm. Next generation sequencing will be used retrospectively to analyze somatic mutations in a panel of 60 genes commonly mutated in NHL (including EZH2). Key inclusion criteria include: ≥ 18 yrs of age; histologically confirmed DLBCL or FL; relapsed/refractory disease following at least 2 prior treatment regimens including at least 1 alkylator and anti-CD20-based regimen; unable to benefit from autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (DLBCL only); measurable disease; and adequate organ function. The primary endpoint is objective response rate with response assessments performed every 8 weeks. This trial is open to enrollment in France, UK and Australia with additional sites to be opened in Canada, US and EU. (NCT01897571) Clinical trial information: NCT01897571.
PGE2‐EP2 signalling in endothelium is activated by haemodynamic stress and induces cerebral aneurysm through an amplifying loop via NF‐κB (2011)

These results suggest that shear stress activated PGE(2) -EP(2) pathway in ECs and amplified chronic inflammation via NF-κB. We propose EP(2) as a therapeutic target in cerebral aneurysm.
Alkaline phosphatase release assay to determine cytotoxicity for Listeria species (1998)

A simple cytotoxicity assay for Listeria species was developed by assaying alkaline phosphatase (AP) release from an infected hybrid B lymphocyte (Ped-2E9) line. Eight of eight L. monocytogenes and six of 11 L. ivanovii strains induced significantly high AP release from Ped-2E9 cells compared to five other L. ivanovii strains and other Listeria spp. In contrast, all L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii test strains showed high release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity from Ped-2E9 cells. The molecular mass of AP was estimated to be about 128-165 kDa, suggesting severe membrane damage in Ped-2E9 cells due to Listeria infection. The data presented here indicate that AP assay could be used over LDH assay to detect Listeria-induced cell cytotoxicity.
Modulation of marrow proliferation and chemosensitivity by tumor-produced cytokines from syngeneic pancreatic tumor lines. (2002)

Tumor-produced cytokines can affect marrow proliferative activity and, thus, chemosensitivity to three distinct classes of chemotherapeutics.
NMR-metabolic methodology in the study of GM foods. (2010)

The 1H-NMR methodology used in the study of genetically modified (GM) foods is discussed. Transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv "Luxor") over-expressing the ArabidopsisKNAT1 gene is presented as a case study. Twenty-two water-soluble metabolites (amino acids, organic acids, sugars) present in leaves of conventional and GM lettuce were monitored by NMR and quantified at two developmental stages. The NMR spectra did not reveal any difference in metabolite composition between the GM lettuce and the wild type counterpart. Statistical analyses of metabolite variables highlighted metabolism variation as a function of leaf development as well as the transgene. A main effect of the transgene was in altering sugar metabolism.
Assessing the depth of dexmedetomidine‐induced sedation with electroencephalogram (EEG)‐based spectral entropy (2006)

The depth of dexmedetomidine-induced sedation can be monitored with EEG-based spectral entropy. These results should be confirmed in a clinical setting.
Controversies in Shoulder Arthroplasty (2015)

Areas of current controversy concerning shoulder arthroplasty include management of glenoid bone loss, the role of patient-specific instrumentation, differing design features of reverse shoulder arthroplasty, and options for humeral fixation in primary and revision procedures. At the 2015 meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, shoulder arthroplasty specialists presented a symposium on these controversial topics. In each area, surgeons presented their case for a given position on these issues. This article is a summary of those proceedings.
Synthesis of Enantiopure 3-Substituted Morpholines (2010)

Enantiopure 3-substituted morpholines were assembled through ring-opening of a N-2-benzothiazolesulfonyl (Bts) activated aziridine with organocuprates followed by a ring annulation reaction with a vinylsulfonium salt under microwave conditions. Deprotection of the N-Bts group proceeds under very mild conditions with 2-mercaptoacetic acid and LiOH at rt.
In vitro evaluation of a stentless porcine aortic bioprosthesis. A preliminary study. (1992)

Currently available aortic bioprosthetic heart valves are all relatively suboptimal due to the constraints placed on leaflets by stenting. The constraints on the stenting mechanism may directly or indirectly cause turbulence in the orifice neighborhood, be nidi of tissue calcification, and impart transleaflet stress differentials. To address all these deficiencies, we undertook the development of a stentless porcine aortic bioprosthesis (SPAB). This study evaluates the hemodynamic performance and durability of this design in special chambers with near physiologic compliance. The results are compared to those shown by a stented porcine aortic bioprosthesis. The pressure measurements under steady flow conditions showed that the hemodynamic performance (including pressure gradient and effective orifice area) of SPAB is superior to that of its stented counterpart, especially in the smaller sizes. In addition, it is expected that this stentless design should minimize the mechanical stress to which the leaflets are subjected throughout the cardiac cycle, thus enhancing the durability of the bioprosthesis. In our accelerated durability study for up to 2 equivalent years, no valve failure has been observed. More in vitro studies under pulsatile flow conditions, including color Doppler flow visualization, are currently being conducted.
Metabolism of Amprenavir in Liver Microsomes: Role of CYP3A4 Inhibition for Drug Interactions (1998)

Amprenavir (141W94, VX-478, KVX-478) is metabolized primarily by CYP3A4 (cytochrome P450 3A4) in recombinant systems and human liver microsomes (HLM). The effects of ketoconazole, terfenadine, astemizole, rifampicin, methadone, and rifabutin upon amprenavir metabolism were examined in vitro using HLM. Ketoconazole, terfenadine, and astemizole were observed to inhibit amprenavir depletion, consistent with their known specificity for CYP3A4. The HIV protease inhibitors, indinavir, saquinavir, ritonavir, and nelfinavir, were included in incubations containing amprenavir to examine the interactions of HIV protease inhibitors in vitro. The order of amprenavir metabolism inhibition in human liver microsomes was observed to be: ritonavir > indinavir > nelfinavir > saquinavir. The Ki value for amprenavir-mediated inhibition of testosterone hydroxylation in human liver microsomes was found to be approximately 0.5 microM. Studies suggest that amprenavir inhibits CYP3A4 to a greater extent than saquinavir, and to a much lesser extent than ritonavir. Amprenavir, nelfinavir, and indinavir appear to inhibit CYP3A4 to a moderate extent, suggesting a selected number of coadministration restrictions.
Erythropoietin changes the globin program of an interleukin 3-dependent multipotential cell line. (1988)

B6SUtA is a factor-dependent murine cell line of adult origin displaying the functional properties of a multipotent hematopoietic stem cell. We analyzed the globin programs of B6SUtA cells undergoing erythroid differentiation in both suspension and clonal cultures. In the absence of added erythropoietin, a small number of hemoglobinized cells were present, and these expressed predominantly embryonic globin. Addition of erythropoietin increased the number and maturation of hemoglobinized cells and led to a preferential augmentation of adult globin. Analysis of individual B6SUtA erythroid bursts showed that embryonic and adult globin can be expressed in cells derived from a single progenitor. Furthermore, by studying globin expression in cultured cells from mouse embryos, we found that the globin programs of B6SUtA cells are similar to those of erythroid progenitors at the period of transition from yolk sac to fetal liver erythropoiesis. Since B6SUtA cells are derived from adult bone marrow and they have the capacity to express embryonic globin, we speculate that the globin locus is not irreversibly modified during development and that adult cells at early stages of erythroid differentiation can transiently express ontogenetically primitive globin programs.
Front Matter: Volume 10113 (2017)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10113, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and Conference Committee listing.
Digital Signal Processing Techniques Enabling Multi-Tb\/s Superchannel Transmission: An overview of recent advances in DSP-enabled superchannels (2014)

Digital signal processing (DSP) combined with coherent detection has played a central role in the recent capacity expansion of optical networks. Optical superchannels aim to increase per-channel interface rates as well as per-fiber capacities of wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) systems in a cost-effective manner. Superchannels circumvent the electronic bottleneck via optical parallelism and provide high-per-channel data rates and better spectral utilization, especially in transparent optical mesh networks. This article reviews recent advances in the generation, detection, and transmission of optical superchannels with channel data rates on the order of terabits per second (Tb/s). Enabling DSP techniques such as Nyquist-WDM, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), software-defined modulation and detection, advanced coding, and joint DSP among the superchannel constituents are presented. Future prospects of DSP techniques for high-capacity superchannel transmission are also discussed.
Supplementary Table 1 from Cyclin G1 Is a Target of miR-122a, a MicroRNA Frequently Down-regulated in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Cyclin G1 Is a Target of miR-122a, a MicroRNA Frequently Down-regulated in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Modified Preview Control for a Wireless Tracking Control System With Packet Loss (2012)

In this paper, a modified preview control technique is proposed to compensate packet loss in a wireless tracking control system, where future reference signals over a finite horizon can be previewed. In order to utilize the future reference information for controller design, the system model is augmented with a reference generator whose states are the future reference signals. As a response to the packet loss that occurs in the wireless network, the preview control technique is modified by employing Bernoulli variables to represent packet losses in both controlleractuator and sensor-controller channels. The Bernoulli packet loss model, along with tracking errors and control inputs, is included in a quadratic cost function, and the optimal controller gain that minimizes the cost function is obtained by dynamic programming. A modified Kalman filter considering packet loss is utilized for full state estimation and state feedback control. Stability of the modified preview control system is studied using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Choice of preview horizon is discussed and performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation and experimental results.
Improving the Burst Error Tolerance of Irregular LDPC by Optimizing the Parity-Check Matrix Column Arrangement for 50G-PON Upstream Transmission (2019)

We demonstrate a novel technique to improve the burst-error-correction performance of the irregular LDPC code used for 50G-PON upstream transmission by optimally rearranging the parity-check matrix columns. FPGA-based real-time measurements show over 0.2 dB gains.
Effects of chronic caffeine on adenosine, dopamine and acetylcholine systems in mice. (1995)

Chronic ingestion of caffeine by male NIH Swiss strain mice leads in about 3 days to a significant increase in A1-adenosine, nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, and a significant decrease of beta 1-adrenoceptors in cerebral cortical membranes. Plasma levels of caffeine in the chronically treated mice range from 0.70 to 5.7 micrograms/ml. The changes in receptors reverse after withdrawal of caffeine within 7 days. An increase in nitrendipine binding sites, associated with L-type calcium channels, also occurs within 4 days and has reversed in 7 days after withdrawal. There is no change in the levels of striatal nicotinic receptors of D2-dopamine receptors, nor of [3H]cocaine binding to dopamine uptake sites. Levels of opioid receptors are either increased (delta) or unaltered (mu, kappa). sigma-Receptors are unaltered. Stimulations of striatal adenylate cyclase by forskolin, dopamine and NECA are not significantly affected after chronic caffeine ingestion. The adenosine agonist, NECA, reverses the amphetamine-elicited increases in locomotor activity and partly reverses the cocaine-elicited increases. The NECA dose-response curve is multiphasic (depression, stimulation and then depression) versus amphetamine in control mice, but only depressant versus amphetamine in chronic caffeine mice, while being multiphasic versus cocaine in both control and chronic caffeine mice. NECA reverses the stimulation of locomotor activity elicited by the muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine, and is more effective in the chronic caffeine mice. The behavioral depressant effects of the muscarinic agonist, oxotremorine, are not markedly altered after chronic caffeine ingestion.
Elimination of Fast Interface States Using Phosphorus Passivation in 4H-SiC MOS Capacitors for Improved Power MOSFET Performance and Reliability. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
The metastable HCl · 6H 2 O phase – IR spectroscopy, phase transitions and kinetic/thermodynamic properties in the range 170–205 K (2013)

Abstract. In this laboratory study a multidiagnostic experimental approach including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption of 1 to 2 μm thick polycrystalline ice films, residual gas mass spectrometry (MS) and total pressure measurement were employed. Both amorphous HCl–H2O and crystalline HCl hexahydrate (HCl · 6H2O) have been investigated. After controlled doping with HCl and evaporation of excess H2O from the ice film, transmission FTIR of pure HCl · 6H2O films and use of calibrated mass spectrometry enabled the measurement of differential (peak) IR cross sections at several mid-IR frequencies, for example σ = (6.5 ± 1.9) × 10−19 cm2 molec−1 at 1635 cm−1. Two types of kinetic experiments on pure HCl · 6H2O have been performed under SFR conditions: (a) evaporation of pure HCl · 6H2O over a narrow T range after evaporation of excess H2O, and (b) observation of the phase transition from crystalline HCl · 6H2O to amorphous HCl–H2O under H2O-rich conditions at increasing T. The temperature dependence of the zero-order evaporation flux of HCl in pure HCl · 6H2O led to logJev molec cm−2 s−1 = (36.34 ± 3.20) – (80 810 ± 5800)/2.303 RT with R = 8.314 JK−1 mol−1, which turned out to be rate-limiting for evaporation. HCl · 6H2O has a significant intrinsic kinetic barrier to HCl evaporation of 15.1 kJ mol−1 in excess of the HCl sublimation enthalpy of 65.8 kJ mol−1 at 200 K but is kinetically unstable (metastable) at T ≥ 173 K. The atmospheric importance of HCl · 6H2O is questioned in view of its large nucleation barrier and its dependence on T and P(HCl) compared to the amorphous HCl–H2O phase at upper tropospheric–lower stratospheric (UT/LS) conditions.
Spatial Characterization of Electromagnetic Random Channels (2022)

The majority of stochastic channel models rely on the electromagnetic far-field assumption, which allows to decompose the channel in terms of plane waves. The far-field assumption breaks down in future applications that push towards the electromagnetic near-field region, such as those where the use of electromagnetically large antenna arrays is envisioned. Motivated by this consideration, we show how physical principles can be used to derive a plane-wave scalar channel model that is also valid in the reactive near-field region. Precisely, we show that narrowband wave propagation through a three-dimensional scattered medium can be generally modeled as a linear and space-variant system. We first review the physics principles that lead to a closed-form deterministic plane-wave representation of the channel impulse response. This serves as a basis for deriving a stochastic representation of the channel in terms of statistically independent Gaussian random coefficients for spatially stationary random propagation environments. The very desirable property of spatial stationarity can always be retained in the radiative near-field region by excluding reactive propagation mechanisms confined in close proximity to the source. Remarkably, the provided stochastic representation is directly connected to the Fourier spectral representation of a general stationary spatial random field.
A new extraction method to quantify lignans and isoflavones in green coffee using HPLC-MS/MS triple quadrupole. (2018)

Introduction: &#13;\nIsoflavones and lignans are considered phytoestrogens, a group of secondary plant metabolites that possess some estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities [1]. The aim of our work was to develop a new analytical method for the extraction and quantification of three lignans and six isoflavones in green coffee by using HPLC-MS/MS triple quadrupole. &#13;\n &#13;\nMethods: &#13;\nSeveral extraction procedures were evaluated, including acid, basic and enzymatic hydrolysis and methanolic extractions. Two different enzymes, i.e. taka-diastase and clara-diastase, were tested and after a series of attempts, we tried to optimize the procedure combining acid or basic hydrolysis with enzymatic digestion. As analytical instrument, we chose an HPLC-MS/MS equipped with an ESI source.&#13;\n &#13;\nResults: &#13;\nThe most performing extraction procedure was the alkaline hydrolysis in methanol plus enzymatic hydrolysis with clara-Diastase (the recoveries were from 74 to 94%). Then, our analytical method was validated using the following criteria: linearity (R2&gt;0.995 for all compounds), inter-day and intra-day repeatability (RSD % in the range of 0.6-9.3 for inter-day repeatability and 0.4-4.2 for intra-day repeatability) and sensitivity (LODs in the range of 0.1-5 μg L-1, LOQs in the range of 1-16 μg L-1). Our analytical method was fast (the separation of the nine target compounds happened in less than 7 minutes) and avoided long sample preparation and purification procedures. &#13;\n &#13;\nConclusions: &#13;\nFor the first time, a new analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of isoflavones and lignans in green coffee beans has been developed. This method will be applied to various green coffee samples in order to prove the presence or the lack of these molecules in raw material of coffee.&#13;\n&#13;\nReferences &#13;\n&#13;\n1.\tKuhnle, G. G., Dell’Aquila, C., Aspinall, S. M., Runswick, S. A., Mulligan, A. A., Bingham, S. A., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 7311-7315, 2008.
Motor Vehicle Fleet Emissions by OP-FTIR (2000)

Using open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) we have measured the variations in ambient concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) caused by emissions from motor vehicles at a high traffic site in the Denver metropolitan area. Comparison of the OP-FTIR data to average emissions results obtained from on-road exhaust analysis using individual vehicle remote sensing revealed reasonable agreement, with a CO emission ratio (CO/CO2) of 0.050 ± 0.004 (100 ± 8 g CO/kg fuel) from OP-FTIR and 0.059 (118 g CO/kg fuel) from the on-road measurements. We also report a N2O emission ratio of (1.87 ± 0.13) × 10-4 (0.59 ± 0.04 g N2O/kg fuel) from OP-FTIR and outline the potential of OP-FTIR for on-road measurements of several important exhaust components.