gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of (Z)‐γ‐Fluoroallylphosphonates Using a Base‐Promoted Deconjugation of (E)‐γ‐Fluorovinylphosphonates, and Its Utility as Fluoroolefin‐Containing Building Block. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Kernelized Hashcode Representations for Biomedical Relation Extraction (2017)

Kernel methods have produced state-of-the-art results for a number of NLP tasks such as relation extraction, but suffer from poor scalability due to the high cost of computing kernel similarities between natural language structures. A recently proposed technique, kernelized locality-sensitive hashing (KLSH), can significantly reduce the computational cost, but is only applicable to classifiers operating on kNN graphs. Here we propose to use random subspaces of KLSH codes for efficiently constructing an explicit representation of NLP structures suitable for general classification methods. Further, we propose an approach for optimizing the KLSH model for classification problems by maximizing an approximation of mutual information between the KLSH codes (feature vectors) and the class labels. We evaluate the proposed approach on biomedical relation extraction datasets, and observe significant and robust improvements in accuracy w.r.t. state-of-the-art classifiers, along with drastic (orders-of-magnitude) speedup compared to conventional kernel methods.
A computational study of the reactivity of diethenylnaphthalenes towards anionic polymerization (1999)

Diethenyl, di(1-methylethenyl), and di(1-phenylethenyl) naphthalenes are known to be difunctional initiators used in the synthesis of thermoplastic elastomers. Semiempirical (AM1, PM3) and ab initio calculations (HF/6-31G, HF/6-31G*) have been carried out to determine the reactivity of these compounds towards anionic polymerization. For this purpose, geometrical parameters, electrostatic potentials, and frontier orbitals have been analyzed. Reaction paths starting from the diethenylnaphthalenes and reaching the proposed products have been studied, and transition structures along the paths have been located. The minimum energy conformers were determined through a conformational search around single bonds for a series of diethenylnaphthalenes. We have attempted to predict how the location of the vinyl groups affects the reactivity of diethenylnaphthalenes. Our results have revealed that the most suitable difunctional initiators for anionic polymerization are the compounds where the substituents lie away from the naphthalene bridge. We have also found that in some cases the substituents are conjugated with each other and di(1-phenylethenyl)naphthalenes are more reactive than diethenylnaphthalenes which in turn are more reactive than di(1-methylethenyl)naphthalenes towards anionic polymerization.
Nano-textured polymers for future architectural needs (2014)

The rapid developments in molecular sciences like nanotechnology and self-organizing molecular systems generate a wealth of new materials and functions. In comparison to electronics the application in architecture remains somewhat underexposed. New functionalities in optics, responsive mechanics, sensing and adjustable permeation for gases and water might add to new opportunities in providing for personal comfort and energy management in houses and professional buildings. With a number of examples we demonstrate how complex but well-controlled molecular architectures provide functionalities worthwhile of being integrated in architectural designs. Optical coatings are capable of switching colors or reflectivity, creating possibilities for design but also for the control of thermal transmission through windows. They respond to temperature, light intensity, or both. Selectively-reflective thin polymer layers or paint pigments can be designed to switch between infrared and visible regions of the solar spectrum. Coatings can be designed to change their topology and thereby their appearance, of interest for in-house light management, or just for aesthetic appeal. Plastic materials can be imbued with the property of autonomous sun tracking and provided morphing behavior upon contact with moisture or exposure to light. Many of these materials need further developments to meet the requirements for building integration with respect to robustness, lifetime, and the like, which will only be accomplished after demonstration of interest from the architectural world.
Identification and Synthesis of [1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4‐a]phthalazine Derivatives as High‐Affinity Ligands to the α2δ‐1 Subunit of Voltage Gated Calcium Channel. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Kerosene Booster Engine - Use for Atlas Commercial Orbital Transportation Service Capabilities and More (2006)

It has been nearly six years since the RD-180 LOX/Kerosene boost engine made its operational debut with the successful launch of the first Lockheed Martin Atlas III vehicle in May of 2000. After (6) mission successes, Atlas III has now been replaced by the more powerful successor, Atlas V. RD AMROSS (RDA), the joint venture company responsible for producing RD-180 engines has tested and delivered more than 30 Russian built RD-180 engine assemblies to Lockheed Martin for the Atlas program. RD-180 engines have powered (14) Atlas missions with a 100% mission success record. In parallel with the ongoing flight program, efforts to transfer RD-180 engine manufacturing capability to the US have continued. Significant accomplishments include demonstrations of US capability to service and operate the engine, replication of critical material processes and manufacturing operations, and disposition of hardware nonconformance. Looking forward to the propulsion needs of tomorrow, the RD-180’s record of proven performance, technical superiority, adaptability, and reliability enables an exciting range of Atlas vehicle configurations and opportunities to meet NASA's Commercial Orbital Transportation Service Capabilities. This paper will provide review and insight into current RD-180 program activities as well as discuss opportunities for future product evolution. Detail areas presented include: Program overview, mission success summary and latest accomplishments. Review of the evolutionary RD-180 engine design and demonstrated engine performance as well as the future outlook and opportunities for new earth-to-orbit RD-180 booster applications will be discussed and reviewed.
Antitumoral effects of mitochondria-targeting neutral and cationic cis-[bis(1,3-dibenzylimidazol-2-ylidene)Cl(L)]Pt(ii) complexes (2020)

Recently, we opened a synthetic access to antitumoral platinum complexes of the type cis-[(NHC)1(NHC)2PtIICl(L)] which interact with DNA in a way correlated to the complex charge and to the sterical accessibility of the leaving chlorido ligand. We now identified mitochondria rather than nuclei as the cellular target of the neutral dichlorido complex 1 (L = Cl) and the delocalized lipophilic cationic phosphine complex 2 (L = PPh3), both carrying the same cis-bis(1,3-dibenzylimidazol-2-ylidene) ligands. Their uptake into 518A2 melanoma cells was concentration-dependent and distinctly greater for complex 2 which was also more cytotoxic against sensitive cancer cell lines with submicromolar IC50 values. Both complexes interfered strongly with various forms of DNA in vitro, but only complex 2 caused a melanoma cell cycle arrest in G1-phase, setting both apart from the S-phase arresting drug cisplatin. Studies of the intracellular localisation of 1 and 2 were carried out with their alkyne-tagged analogues 6 and 7, which showed identical patterns of cancer cell cytotoxicity, cell cycle interference and effects on mitochondria. Click reactions with 7-hydroxycoumarin azide, colocalisation with Mitotracker™ and confocal microscopy, proved complexes 6 and 7 to accumulate mainly in the mitochondria rather than the nuclei of melanoma cells. Complex 1 and even more so complex 2 reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and also increased the cellular ROS levels. As a consequence, both complexes caused stress fibre formation in the F-actin cytoskeleton of melanoma cells, most distinctly so complex 2 which also activated the apoptotic cascade mediated by capases-3 and -7.
Combination sequential chemotherapy in advanced reticulum cell sarcoma (1972)

Based on studies of the chemotherapy of human leukemia and late stage animal neoplasms which may be kinetically analogous to disseminated reticulum cell sarcoma, a therapy program was devised using sequential cyclophosphamide-vincristine followed by weekly methotrexate-cytosine arabinoside. Each cycle of therapy consisted of cyclophosphamide 1.5 g/m2 on day 0 and vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15; subsequently, 8 weekly doses of IV cytosine arabinoside 300 mg/m2 and oral methotrexate 120 mg/m2 over 24 hours were given followed by “Leucovorin rescue.” Fifteen patients received 3 such cycles with intervening 2-week recovery periods. Nine patients achieved complete remission, and 6 had a partial response. Median remission duration was 10 months. Median survival from onset of disease was 15+ months and from beginning of therapy was 14+ months. Five of 7 patients who have relapsed are dead. Toxic manifestations included neutropenia below 1000/mm3 in 10 patients; of these, there were recurrent episodes of sepsis in one. Alopecia occurred in 10, and reversible neurotoxicity in 8 patients.
Cotranscriptional Set2 Methylation of Histone H3 Lysine 36 Recruits a Repressive Rpd3 Complex (2021)

SummaryThe yeast histone deacetylase Rpd3 can be recruited to promoters to repress transcription initiation. Biochemical, genetic, and gene-expression analyses show that Rpd3 exists in two distinct complexes. The smaller complex, Rpd3C(S), shares Sin3 and Ume1 with Rpd3C(L) but contains the unique subunits Rco1 and Eaf3. Rpd3C(S) mutants exhibit phenotypes remarkably similar to those of Set2, a histone methyltransferase associated with elongating RNA polymerase II. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and biochemical experiments indicate that the chromodomain of Eaf3 recruits Rpd3C(S) to nucleosomes methylated by Set2 on histone H3 lysine 36, leading to deacetylation of transcribed regions. This pathway apparently acts to negatively regulate transcription because deleting the genes for Set2 or Rpd3C(S) bypasses the requirement for the positive elongation factor Bur1/Bur2.
On Energy Storage Requirements in Modular Multilevel Converters (2013)

The modular multilevel converter is a promising topology for high-voltage and high-power applications. By using submodules equipped with dc-capacitors excellent output voltage waveforms can be obtained at low switching frequencies. The rated energy storage of the submodule capacitors is a driving factor of the size, cost, and weight of the submodules. Although the modular multilevel converter has been thoroughly investigated in the literature, a more detailed analysis of the energy-storage requirements will provide an important contribution for dimensioning and analysis of modular multilevel converters. Such an analysis is presented in this paper. The analysis relates the power transfer capability to the stored energy in the converter and the findings are validated by both simulations and experimental results. The required size of the submodule capacitors in a 4.5 MW grid-connected converter is first calculated and the calculated operating range is then compared with simulation results. The experimental results show that if the average capacitor voltage is allowed to increase 10% above the nominal value an energy storage to power transfer ratio of 21 J/kW can be achieved. It is concluded that the presented theory can relate the power transfer capability to the energy storage in the converter and is thus a valuable tool in the design and analysis of modular multilevel converters.
Dynamically Reconfigurable Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavities (2009)

Wavelength-scale, high Q-factor photonic crystal cavities have emerged as a platform of choice for on-chip manipulation of optical signals, with applications ranging from low-power optical signal processing and cavity quantum electrodynamics, to biochemical sensing. Many of these applications, however, are limited by the fabrication tolerances and the inability to precisely control the resonant wavelength of fabricated structures. Various techniques for post-fabrication wavelength trimming and dynamical wavelength control -- using, for example, thermal effects, free carrier injection, low temperature gas condensation, and immersion in fluids -- have been explored. However, these methods are often limited by small tuning ranges, high power consumption, or the inability to tune continuously or reversibly. In this letter, by combining nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) and nanophotonics, we demonstrate reconfigurable photonic crystal nanobeam cavities that can be continuously and dynamically tuned using electrostatic forces. A tuning of ~10 nm has been demonstrated with less than 6 V of external bias and negligible steady-state power consumption.
PIM Kinases Are Essential for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cell Survival (PIM2/3) and CXCR4-Mediated Microenvironmental Interactions (PIM1) (2014)

Overexpression of the CXCR4 receptor is a hallmark of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and is important for CLL cell survival, migration, and interaction with their protective microenvironment. In acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), PIM1 was shown to regulate the surface expression of the CXCR4 receptor. Here, we show that PIM (proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus) kinases 1-3 are overexpressed and that the CXCR4 receptor is hyperphosphorylated on Ser339 in CLL compared with normal lymphocytes. Furthermore, CXCR4 phosphorylation correlates with PIM1 protein expression and PIM1 transcript levels in CLL. PIM kinase inhibition with three different PIM kinase inhibitors induced apoptosis in CLL cells independent of the presence of protective stromal cells. In addition, PIM inhibition caused dephosphorylation of the CXCR4 receptor on Ser339, resulting in enhanced ligand-dependent CXCR4 internalization and reduced re-externalization after withdrawal of CXCL12. Furthermore, PIM inhibition in CLL cells blocked CXCR4 functions, such as migration toward CXCL12- or CXCL12-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. In concordance, pretreatment of CLL cells with PIM kinase inhibitors strongly reduced homing of CLL cells toward the bone marrow and the spleen of Rag2(-/-)γc(-/-) mice in vivo. Interestingly, the knockdown of PIM kinases in CLL cells demonstrated diverging functions, with PIM1 regulating CXCR4 surface expression and PIM2 and PIM3 as important for the survival of CLL cells. Our results show that PIM kinase inhibitors are an effective therapeutic option for CLL, not only by impairing PIM2/3-mediated CLL cell survival, but also by blocking the PIM1/CXCR4-mediated interaction of CLL cells with their protective microenvironment.
Visie van Waternet op de drinkwatervoorziening 2020-2050 (2013)

Wat zijn de bronnen voor het Amsterdamse drinkwater in de periode 2020-2050? Wat is mogelijk? Wat is haalbaar? Vragen die aan de orde komen in de toekomstvisie van Waternet, die gebaseerd is op maatschappelijke scenario's en technische opties.
Advances in malaria pharmacology and the online guide to MALARIA PHARMACOLOGY: IUPHAR review 38 (2023)

Antimalarial drug discovery has until recently been driven by high-throughput phenotypic cellular screening, allowing millions of compounds to be assayed and delivering clinical drug candidates. In this review, we will focus on target-based approaches, describing recent advances in our understanding of druggable targets in the malaria parasite. Targeting multiple stages of the Plasmodium lifecycle, rather than just the clinically symptomatic asexual blood stage, has become a requirement for new antimalarial medicines, and we link pharmacological data clearly to the parasite stages to which it applies. Finally, we highlight the IUPHAR/MMV Guide to MALARIA PHARMACOLOGY, a web resource developed for the malaria research community that provides open and optimized access to published data on malaria pharmacology.
Control Plane Latency With SDN Network Hypervisors: The Cost of Virtualization (2016)

Software defined networking (SDN) network hypervisors provide the functionalities needed for virtualizing software-defined networks. Hypervisors sit logically between the multiple virtual SDN networks (vSDNs), which reside on the underlying physical SDN network infrastructure, and the corresponding tenant (vSDN) controllers. Different SDN network hypervisor architectures have mainly been explored through proof-of-concept implementations. We fundamentally advance SDN network hypervisor research by conducting a model-based analysis of SDN hypervisor architectures. Specifically, we introduce mixed integer programming formulations for four different SDN network hypervisor architectures. Our model formulations can also optimize the placement of multi-controller switches in virtualized OpenFlow-enabled SDN networks. We employ our models to quantitatively examine the optimal placement of the hypervisor instances. We compare the control plane latencies of the different SDN hypervisor architectures and quantify the cost of virtualization, i.e., the latency overhead due to virtualizing SDN networks via hypervisors. For generalization, we quantify how the hypervisor architectures behave for different network topologies. Our model formulations and the insights drawn from our evaluations inform network operators about the trade-offs of the different hypervisor architectures and help choosing an architecture according to operator demands.
Major role of the effector to target ratio in rituximab mediated B cell depletion and interferon-Γ production by NK cells: Relevance in NHL and B-cell CLL (2005)

2566 Background: It has proposed that ADCC is a major mechanism for the therapeutic effect of rituximab (RTX) in NHL and may be less important in CLL. A cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) has been observed in RTX-treated CLL patients and it has been assumed that FcγRIIIa engagement on NK cells may be responsible for the CRS. The fact that NK cells may be preferentially directed to ADCC in NHL and to cytokine production in CLL led us to compare the stimulating conditions inducing ADCC and IFN-γ production by human NK cells upon FcγRIIIa engagement by RTX. Methods: IFN-γ production by NK cells was analysed by flow cytometry (FCM). Standard 51Cr assay was used to compare the concentration-effect relationship and the PKC involvement of RTX-induced NK-cell cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production in response to CD20+ Daudi cells. B cell depletion in whole blood samples from healthy donors was analysed by measuring the decrease of CD19+ cells by FCM. IFN-γ production by NK cells was analysed in whole blood samples from healthy donors and from untreated CLL patients. Circulating B cells and NK cells were enumerated by FCM in RTX-treated NHL patients. Results: The % of IFN-γ+ NK cells increases when the effector to target (E:T) ratio decreases, conversely to ADCC. IFN-γ production by NK cells requires higher RTX concentrations than ADCC and is PKC-dependent conversely to the latter. In the whole blood assay, NK cells exhibit RTX-mediated ADCC against autologous B cells, provided that the E:T ratio is sufficiently high. Such high E:T ratios are observed in the blood of NHL patients 24 h after RTX infusion. Substantial IFN-γ response was observed after incubation of blood samples from untreated CLL patients with very low E:T ratio but not after incubation of blood samples from healthy donors with RTX. Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence that RTX-mediated cytokine production by NK cells requires higher FcγRIIIa-dependent stimulating conditions than ADCC. It points out that the E:T ratio has the unexpected ability to influence the FcγRIIIa-dependent NK cell functions polarization in the blood, which is consistent with the observed effects of RTX in NHL and CLL. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Raman spectroscopic evidence for the existence of titanyl (TiO2+) in acidic aqueous solutions (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRaman spectroscopic evidence for the existence of titanyl (TiO2+) in acidic aqueous solutionsMichael Graetzel and Francois P. RotzingerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 14, 2320–2321Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00208a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00208a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views325Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Economic and Social Aspects of Saline Water Use and Management (1971)

Salinity problems resulting from high salinities in streams and in shallow watertables arise frequently from the clearing of forests and from irrigation. The major areas affected are the River Murray Valley and the south-western parts of Western Australia and Victoria.
Jet reconstruction and performance using particle flow with the ATLAS Detector (2017)

This paper describes the implementation and performance of a particle flow algorithm applied to 20.2 fb[Formula: see text] of ATLAS data from 8 TeV proton-proton collisions in Run 1 of the LHC. The algorithm removes calorimeter energy deposits due to charged hadrons from consideration during jet reconstruction, instead using measurements of their momenta from the inner tracker. This improves the accuracy of the charged-hadron measurement, while retaining the calorimeter measurements of neutral-particle energies. The paper places emphasis on how this is achieved, while minimising double-counting of charged-hadron signals between the inner tracker and calorimeter. The performance of particle flow jets, formed from the ensemble of signals from the calorimeter and the inner tracker, is compared to that of jets reconstructed from calorimeter energy deposits alone, demonstrating improvements in resolution and pile-up stability.