gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A role for spatial alignments in early vision (2010)

Purpose: We set out to investigate the interaction between suprathreshold, spatially broadband stimuli in early vision. We wondered whether Foley's divisive inhobition model, derived for stimuli of different orientation, when applied to stimuli of different spatial frequency could predict the different masking effects from a sinewave versus a squarewave stimulus. Methods: Odd man out paradigm was used to measure the contrast discrimination threshold of sinewave(S) for three types of contrast maskers; a sinewave (S), a squarewave(Q) and a missing fundamental waveform(M). We wondered if we could predict the response to a squarewave from a knowledge of the responses to a sinewave and missing fundamental. Results: For S-S condition, a typical TvC function was found. For the S-Q condition, the TvC function exhibited less facilitation and more inhibition. For S-M configuration, no facilitatory effect was found at low pedestal contrasts and only limited inhibition at high pedestal contrasts. The effects of the squarewave masker could not be predicted, using Foley's model, from the responses of the sinewave and missing fundamental results; the squarewave masker exhibited more than the predicted amount of inhibition at high pedestal contrasts. However, when we phase-scrambled the squarewave and missing fundamental waveforms, Foley's model was able to predict the phase-scrambled squarewave result on the basis of the other two. Conclusion: Our data concerning spatial frequency broadband stimuli, can be described by Foley's divisive model, but only for phase-scrambled stimuli. We conclude that the phase-alignment of spatial frequency components does not go unrecognized by early visual mechanisms.
Antibody Encoding Transgenes-Their Potential Use in Congenital and Intracellular Immunisation of Farm Animals (2022)

This chapter discusses the possibility of using antibody (Ab) encoding gene constructs in gene transfer experiments. Two approaches envisage the use of such genes in the improvement of health ‘congenital’ and ‘intracellular’ immunisation. Immunoglobulins (Ig) transgenes also cause allelic exclusion of the endogenous counterpart and this mechanism seems to operate even if the difference between the transgenic and the endogenous isotypes are quite pronounced. ‘Congenital’ immunisation of animals utilises the transgenic expression and germ line transmission of a gene encoding an Ig specific for a pathogen and therefore providing congenital immunity without prior exposure to that pathogen. The feasibility of this approach was tested in mice and farm animals in two independent studies. An important aspect of using Ab construct transgenesis is the production of human Abs in animals. The concept is to generate an animal that, upon challenge with an antigen, will produce a human Ig response.
Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Testing of α-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase Inhibitors (2007)

The enzyme alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) is overexpressed in prostate, colon, and other cancers and has been partially validated as a potential therapeutic target by siRNA knockdown of the AMACR gene. Analogs of the natural substrate branched chain alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A esters, possessing one or more beta-fluorine atoms, have been synthesized using Wittig, conjugate addition, and asymmetric aldol reactions and found to be reversible competitive inhibitors. Each diastereomer of the previously reported inhibitor ibuprofenoyl-CoA was also tested. The compounds had Ki values of 0.9-20 microM and are the most potent inhibitors yet known. The presence of beta-fluorine on the alpha-methyl group or the acyl chain results in a significant lowering of the Ki value compared with nonfluorinated analogs, and this is attributed to a lowering of the pKa of the alpha-proton, facilitating enolization and binding. Several of the CoA ester inhibitors were formed by incubating the free carboxylic acid precursors with cell free extracts and CoA. alpha-Trifluoromethyltetradecanoic acid, the precursor to the most potent inhibitor, was shown to inhibit growth of cancer cell lines PC3, CWR22 Rv1, and Du145 in a dose-dependent manner and could be related to the expression level of AMACR.
The Molecular Basis of Chloride Transport in Shark Rectal Gland (1994)

Transepithelial Cl- secretion in vertebrates is accomplished by a secondary active transport process brought about by the coordinated activity of apical and basolateral transport proteins. The principal basolateral components are the Na+/K(+)-ATPase pump, the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter (symporter) and a K+ channel. The rate-limiting apical component is a cyclic-AMP-stimulated Cl- channel. As postulated nearly two decades ago, the net Cl- movement from the blood to the lumen involves entry into the epithelial cells with Na+ and K+, followed by active Na+ extrusion via the pump and passive K+ exit via a channel. Intracellular [Cl-] is raised above electrochemical equilibrium and exits into the lumen when the apical Cl- channel opens. Cl- secretion is accompanied by a passive paracellular flow of Na+. The tubules of the rectal glands of elasmobranchs are highly specialized for secreting concentrated NaCl by this mechanism and hence have served as an excellent experimental model in which to characterize the individual steps by electrophysiological and ion flux measurements. The recent molecular cloning and heterologous expression of the apical Cl- channel and basolateral cotransporter have enabled more detailed analyses of the mechanisms and their regulation. Not surprisingly, since hormones acting through kinases control secretion, both the Cl- channel, which is the shark counterpart of the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator), and the cotransporter are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. The primary stimulation of secretion by hormones employing cyclic AMP as second messenger activates CFTR via the direct action of protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates multiple sites on the R domain. In contrast, phosphorylation of the cotransporter by as yet unidentified kinases is apparently secondary to the decrease in intracellular chloride concentration caused by anion exit through CFTR.
Reconfigurable technology : FPGAs for computing and applications (1999)

A collection of 19 papers on logical and practical aspects of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) for computing and applications.
α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic Acid Subtype Glutamate Receptor (AMPAR) Endocytosis Is Essential for N-Methyl-D-aspartate-induced Neuronal Apoptosis (2004)

Excessive activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate subtype glutamate receptor (NMDAR) is thought to be involved in mediating programmed cell death (apoptosis) in numerous central nervous diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We report here that stimulation of NMDARs activates intracellular signaling cascades leading to apoptosis and facilitates clathrin-dependent endocytosis of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid subtype glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Both broad spectrum inhibitors of clathrin-dependent endocytotic processes and a specific inhibitor of AMPAR endocytosis selectively inhibit NMDA-induced apoptosis without affecting apoptosis produced by staurosporine. These results demonstrate that clathrin-dependent endocytosis of AMPARs is an essential step in NMDAR-mediated neuronal apoptosis. Our study not only identifies a previously unsuspected step in NMDA-induced apoptosis but also demonstrates that AMPAR endocytosis, in addition to attenuating synaptic strength as previously demonstrated in models of synaptic plasticity, may play a critical role in mediating other important intracellular pathways.
AB Initio Molecular Orbital Investigation of the Structure of Al 2 F 7 - and Al 2 Cl 7 - (1987)

The structures of and have been investigated using ab initio molecular orbital theory including the effects of polarization functions in the basis sets. The ion is found to have a linear or nearly linear Al-F-Al bridge while is found to have a bent Al-Cl-Al bridge with a significant barrier to inversion (4 kcal/mol). Structures with two and three halogen atoms in the bridge were also investigated and found to be less stable than the structures with one halogen atom in the bridge.
An 11-Band 3.4 to 10.3 GHz MB-OFDM UWB Receiver in 0.25μm SiGe BiCMOS (2006)

An 11-band 3.4-10.3GHz direct conversion receiver for MB-OFDM UWB is implemented in a 0.25mum BiCMOS process. It includes an RF front-end with interference rejection at 5.25GHz, a frequency synthesizer generating 11 carrier tones in quadrature with fast hopping, and a linear phase baseband section with 42dB of gain programmability. The packaged IC mounted on FR-4 substrate provides maximum gain of 67-78dB and NF of 5-10dB across all bands while consuming 114mA from a 2.5V supply
LINE-1 Retrotransposon expression in cancerous, epithelial and neuronal cells revealed by 5’ single-cell RNA-Seq (2021)

Abstract LINE-1 retrotransposons are sequences capable of copying themselves to new genomic loci via an RNA intermediate. New studies implicate LINE-1 in a range of diseases, especially in the context of aging, but without an accurate understanding of where and when LINE-1 is expressed, a full accounting of its role in health and disease is not possible. We therefore developed a method – 5’ scL1seq – that makes use of a widely available library preparation method (10x Genomics 5’ single cell RNA-seq) to measure LINE-1 expression in tens of thousands of single cells. We recapitulated the known pattern of LINE-1 expression in tumors – present in cancer cells, absent from immune cells – and identified hitherto undescribed LINE-1 expression in human epithelial cells and mouse hippocampal neurons. In both cases, we saw a modest increase with age, supporting recent research connecting LINE-1 to age related diseases.
Association of Depression With Mortality in Older Adults Undergoing Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (2018)

One in 3 older adults undergoing TAVR or SAVR had depressive symptoms at baseline and a higher risk of short-term and midterm mortality. Patients with persistent depressive symptoms at follow-up had the highest risk of mortality.
Hacking and protecting IC hardware (2014)

Traditionally most of people treat a hardware solution as an inherently trusted box. “it is hardware not software; so it is secure and trustworthy”, they say. Recent research shows the need to re-asses this trust in hardware and even in its supply chain. For example, attacks are performed on ICs to retrieve secret information such as cryptographic keys. Moreover, backdoors can be inserted into electronic designs and allow for silent intruders into the system. And, even protecting intellectual-property is becoming a serious concern in the modern globalized, horizontal semiconductor business model. This paper discusses hardware security, both from hacking and protecting aspects. A classification of all possible hardware attacks is provided and most popular attacks are discussed including the countermeasures.
The effects of filtering RF source phase noise by a low noise, high quality factor actively modelocked laser on the laser’s absolute and relative phase noise (2006)

The phase noise of two low noise, high quality factor actively modelocked lasers is investigated. It is found that increasing the quality factor of a laser can increase the phase noise relative to the RF source used to modelock the laser, even though the absolute noise of the laser is decreased. The filtering of phase noise from the modelocking source that causes both the increase in relative noise and the decrease in absolute noise is exploited to reveal phase noise information otherwise obscured in a high quality factor laser.
607: Type I Receptor Tyrosine-Kinase Activation of Raf-1 in Androgen-Escaped Prostate Cancer. A Novel Target for Future Therapy? (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Sunday, May 9, 2004, 1:00 - 5:00 pm1 Apr 2004607: Type I Receptor Tyrosine-Kinase Activation of Raf-1 in Androgen-Escaped Prostate Cancer. A Novel Target for Future Therapy? Rono Mukherjee, Sarath K. Nalagatla, Joanne Edwards, Mark A. Underwood, and John M.S. Bartlett Rono MukherjeeRono Mukherjee More articles by this author , Sarath K. NalagatlaSarath K. Nalagatla More articles by this author , Joanne EdwardsJoanne Edwards More articles by this author , Mark A. UnderwoodMark A. Underwood More articles by this author , and John M.S. BartlettJohn M.S. Bartlett More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)37869-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "607: Type I Receptor Tyrosine-Kinase Activation of Raf-1 in Androgen-Escaped Prostate Cancer. A Novel Target for Future Therapy?." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 161 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 161 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Rono Mukherjee More articles by this author Sarath K. Nalagatla More articles by this author Joanne Edwards More articles by this author Mark A. Underwood More articles by this author John M.S. Bartlett More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
GridCell: a stochastic particle-based biological system simulator (2008)

GridCell is an effective stochastic particle simulator designed to track the progress of individual particles in a three-dimensional space in which spatial influences such as crowding, co-localization and recruitment may be investigated.
Formation of silicides in a cavity applicator microwave system (2003)

Metal silicides of nickel and cobalt are formed in a cavity applicator microwave system with a magnetron power of 1200 W and a frequency of 2.45 GHz. X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and four-point-probe measurements are used to identify the silicide phase present and layer thicknesses. Additional processing confirmed that the products attained from heating by microwaves do not differ appreciably from those attained in heating by thermal processes. Materials properties are used to explain microwave power absorption and demonstrate how to tailor a robust process in which thin film reactions can be attained and specific products isolated.
Cholangiographic Findings in Deteriorating Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (1995)

Since there are no effective means of early and accurate detection of cholangiocarcinoma, the use of ERCP to compare the course of cholangiographic lesions over time may be of interest. Patients with extrahepatic duct involvement may benefit from endoscopic therapy. By contrast, in patients with dominant intrahepatic duct disease and a deteriorating clinical status, attempts at endoscopic therapy are not helpful, and liver transplantation needs to be considered promptly.
Cyclobutene bridgehead olefin route to the American cockroach sex pheromone, periplanone-B (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclobutene bridgehead olefin route to the American cockroach sex pheromone, periplanone-BStuart L. Schreiber and Conrad SantiniCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 14, 4038–4039Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00326a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00326a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3217Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thermal and humidity stability of Ge<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> thin layers fabricated by high-density plasma nitridation (2007)

Germanium has recently drawn tremendous attention due to its higher hole and electron mobility than those of Si. Nitride-based dielectrics are important and promising not only as a buffer layer to grow high-k gate dielectrics on Ge, but also as a gate insulator itself for Ge-based FETs, in spite of GeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> being unstable. While it has been reported that fabricating oxygen-free, pure Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> layers is hard to deposit, the fact that pure Ge nitride is available by using atomic nitrogen radicals has been reported by Maeda et al. Accordingly, first of all, we focused our attention on the direct nitridation of Ge substrates by using our custom-built high-density plasma source. Furthermore, in order to apply this Ge nitride to integrate high-k gate dielectrics with Ge and its alloy for FET-based devices, some issues related to the stabilities should be well understood first to optimize the device fabrication process. For these reasons, We investigated thermal stability of Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> layers. In addition, since it is reported that Ge surface is very sensitive to moisture, we have also characterized stability of the Ge nitride layers against moisture in the air.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Oncoprotein K13 Protects against B Cell Receptor-Induced Growth Arrest and Apoptosis through NF-κB Activation (2012)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has been linked to the development of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). We have characterized the role of KSHV-encoded viral FLICE inhibitory protein (vFLIP) K13 in the modulation of anti-IgM-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in B cells. We demonstrate that K13 protects WEHI 231, an immature B-cell line, against anti-IgM-induced growth arrest and apoptosis. The protective effect of K13 was associated with the activation of the NF-κB pathway and was deficient in a mutant K13 with three alanine substitutions at positions 58 to 60 (K13-58AAA) and a structural homolog, vFLIP E8, both of which lack NF-κB activity. K13 upregulated the expression of NF-κB subunit RelB and blocked the anti-IgM-induced decline in c-Myc and rise in p27(Kip1) that have been associated with growth arrest and apoptosis. K13 also upregulated the expression of Mcl-1, an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl2 family. Finally, K13 protected the mature B-cell line Ramos against anti-IgM-induced apoptosis through NF-κB activation. Inhibition of anti-IgM-induced apoptosis by K13 may contribute to the development of KSHV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders.
Cyclic pentapeptides of chiral sequence DLDDL as scaffold for antagonism of G‐protein coupled receptors: Synthesis, activity and conformational analysis by NMR and molecular dynamics of ITF 1565 a substance P inhibitor (1999)

Under the hypotheses of a structurally related binding site for antagonists of G-protein coupled receptors and the ability of cyclic pentapeptides of chiral sequence D1L2D3D4L5 to form rigid structures with which probe the pharmacophoric specificity of these receptors, inhibitors of substance P were designed based on available structure–activity relationships. ITF 1565, cyclo[D-Trp1-Pro2-D-Lys3-D-Trp4-Phe5], antagonized substance P activity mediated by type 1 neurokinin receptor (NK1) whereas it acted weakly against NK2 and did not inhibit endothelin at all. The preferential conformation of the peptide was obtained from nmr spectroscopy and computer calculations, and shown to contain the same βII-turn and γ′-turn found in other cyclic pentapeptides with the same chiral sequence. The structure of the peptide was compared with that of the β-D-glucose molecule that has been proposed as a semirigid scaffold for antagonists of G-protein coupled receptors. The γ′-turn of the cyclic peptide superimposed well with β-D-glucose in the chair conformation. Furthermore, when the side chains were considered, the aromatic groups of the two molecules were found to generally overlap. These results support the view of G-protein coupled receptors as possessing structurally similar binding sites for antagonists and suggest that cyclic pentapeptides of chiral sequence D1L2D3D4L5 may be useful as semirigid scaffolds for the design of antagonists of this family of receptors. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 50: 211–219, 1999
OSPF over ATM and Proxy-PAR (2000)

This memo specifies, for OSPF implementors and users, mechanisms describing how the protocol operates in ATM networks over PVC and SVC meshes with the presence of Proxy-PAR. These recommendations require no protocol changes and allow simpler, more efficient and costeffective network designs. It is recommended that OSPF implementations should be able to support logical interfaces, each consisting of one or more virtual circuits and used either as numbered logical point-to-point links (one VC), logical NBMA networks (more than one VC) or Point-to-MultiPoint networks (more than one VC), where a solution simulating broadcast interfaces is not appropriate. PAR can help distribute across the ATM cloud configuration setup and changes of such interfaces when OSPF capable routers are (re-)configured. Proxy-PAR can in turn be used to exchange this information between the ATM cloud and the routers connected to it.
Novel Evidence-Based Combination of Plant Extracts with Multitarget Mechanisms of Action for the Elimination of Hot Flashes during Menopause (2022)

Hot flashes are considered the most bothersome complaint during menopause. Although hormone therapy is an effective option to relieve hot flashes, it has been associated with significant side effects. The aim of our study is to suggest a novel combination of different plant extracts with distinct mechanisms of action against hot flashes. We selected the rhizome of <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> L. (Fabaceae), the rhizome of <i>Actaea racemosa</i> L. (Ranunculaceae), the aerial parts of <i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L. (Hypericaceae) to produce extracts rich in bioactive phytochemicals and the seed oil of <i>Oenothera biennis</i> L. (Onagraceae). We investigated their estrogenic and antioxidant potential and their inhibitory effect against prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 (DP1) as a novel mechanistic pathway for vasodilation in hot flashes, alone or in combination. The phytochemical footprint of the extracts was analyzed using HPLC-PDA and UPLC-HRMS. We observed that the tested extracts possess different mechanisms of action. <i>A. racemosa</i> exerts a beneficial activation of the estrogen receptor, <i>H. perforatum</i> possesses the highest antioxidant capacity and the seed oil of <i>O. biennis</i> inhibits the DP1 receptor. The triple combination in the optimal doses pertains to efficacy against all three mechanisms of action, serves as a multitarget plant-based therapy and could serve as a novel strategy for the alleviation of hot flashes in postmenopausal women.