gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bifurcation asymmetry of the porcine coronary vasculature and its implications on coronary flow heterogeneity (2004)

The branching pattern of the coronary arteries and veins is asymmetric, i.e., many small vessels branch off of a large trunk such that the two daughter vessels at a bifurcation are of unequal diameters and lengths. One important implication of the geometric vascular asymmetry is the dispersion of blood flow at a bifurcation, which leads to large spatial heterogeneity of myocardial blood flow. To document the asymmetric branching pattern of the coronary vessels, we computed an asymmetry ratio for the diameters and lengths of all vessels, defined as the ratio of the daughter diameters and lengths, respectively. Previous data from silicone elastomer cast of the entire coronary vasculature including arteries, arterioles, venules, and veins were analyzed. Data on smaller vessels were obtained from histological specimens by optical sectioning, whereas data on larger vessels were obtained from vascular casts. Asymmetry ratios for vascular areas, volumes, resistances, and flows of the various daughter vessels were computed from the asymmetry ratios of diameters and lengths for every order of mother vessel. The results show that the largest orders of arterial and venous vessels are most asymmetric and the degree of asymmetry decreases toward the smaller vessels. Furthermore, the diameter asymmetry at a bifurcation is significantly larger for the coronary veins (1.7–6.8 for sinus veins) than the corresponding arteries (1.5–5.8 for left anterior descending coronary artery) for orders 2–10, respectively. The reported diameter asymmetry at a bifurcation leads to significant heterogeneity of blood flow at a bifurcation. Hence, the present data quantify the dispersion of blood flow at a bifurcation and are essential for understanding flow heterogeneity in the coronary circulation.
A High‐Temperature Neutron Diffraction Study of Nb 2 AlC and TiNbAlC (2014)

Herein, we report on the crystal structures of Nb 2 AlC and TiNbAlC—actual composition (Ti 0.45 ,Nb 0.55 ) 2 AlC—compounds determined from Rietveld analysis of neutron diffraction patterns in the 300–1173 K temperature range. The average linear thermal expansion coefficients of a Nb 2 AlC sample in the a and c directions are, respectively, 7.9(5) × 10 −6 and 7.7(5) × 10 −6 K −1 on one neutron diffractometer and 7.3(3) × 10 −6 and 7.0(2) × 10 −6 K −1 on a second diffractometer. The respective values for the (Ti 0.45 ,Nb 0.55 ) 2 AlC composition—only tested on one diffractometer—are 8.5(3) × 10 −6 and 7.5(5) × 10 −6 K −1 . These values are relatively low compared to other MAX phases. Like other MAX phases, however, the atomic displacement parameters (APDs) show that the Al atoms vibrate with higher amplitudes than the Ti and C atoms, and more along the basal planes than normal to them. When the predictions of the APDs obtained from density functional theory are compared to the experimental results, good quantitative agreement is found for the Al atoms. In case of the Nb and C atoms, the agreement was more qualitative.
Role of communication on the convergence rate of fully distributed DC optimal power flow (2014)

In a grid with highly distributed resources, an effective distributed algorithm for solving Optimal Power Flow (OPF) will result in efficient resource allocation across the system. This paper investigates the impact of communication on the performance of a fully distributed DC OPF algorithm, which solves the first order optimality conditions through an iterative process. In this distributed algorithm, at each iteration, every bus exchanges information with its physically connected neighboring buses and updates the local variables by evaluating a simple function. This paper suggests that sharing additional information between buses without physical connections across the system can speed up the convergence of the algorithm. A key aspect is the constrained selection of these additional communication links and the effective integration of this information in the update of the local variables which is the focus of this paper. A proof of concept is given using the IEEE-118 bus test system as a test case.
Synthesis and conformational analysis of torsionally constrained 1,3,2-dioxaphosphepanes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and conformational analysis of torsionally constrained 1,3,2-dioxaphosphepanesWilliam N. Setzer, Milton L. Brown, Xiao Jing Yang, Melody A. Thompson, and Kylen W. WhitakerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 10, 2812–2818Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00036a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00036a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Association of Nonreassuring Fetal Heart Rate Patterns and Subsequent Cerebral Palsy in Pregnancies with Intrauterine Bacterial Infection (2005)

We evaluated an association of nonreassuring fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns and subsequent cerebral palsy (CP) in pregnancies with intrauterine bacterial infection. Among 10,030 infants born during 1995 to 2000, 139 were complicated with acute intrauterine bacterial infection in labor. The FHR patterns 2 hours immediately before delivery were interpreted according to the guidelines of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The correlations between the FHR patterns and umbilical blood gases, as well as FHR patterns and CP were studied. Statistics included unpaired t test, contingency table with chi (2) and Fisher test, and one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni/Dunn test. Fifteen infants (11%) developed CP at 2 years or older. Nonreassuring FHR patterns including recurrent late deceleration, severe variable deceleration, and prolonged deceleration occurred in 24% of pregnancies with intrauterine infection. Incidence of CP was not different according to the FHR deceleration patterns or umbilical pH values. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that fetal tachycardia (OR, 11; 95% CI, 1.8 to 67) and lower gestational age (< 34 weeks; OR, 9.4; 95% CI, 0.96 to 93) was associated with CP in intrauterine infection. Nonreassuring FHR patterns were increased in intrauterine infection. CP occurred more frequently and was associated with tachycardia and lower gestational age, but not with FHR deceleration patterns or acidemia, suggesting different pathophysiology from acute hypoxia-ischemia.
Tandem Pummerer/Mannich Cyclization Cascade of α‐Sulfinylamides as a Method to Prepare Aza‐Heterocycles. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Innovative metal thermo-compression wafer bonding for microelectronics and MEMS devices (2017)

With the continuously increasing level of integration for microelectronics and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices, such as gyroscopes, accelerometers and bolometers, metal wafer bonding becomes progressively more importance. In the present work common metal wafer bonding techniques were categorized, described and compared. While devices produced with metal thermo-compression wafer bonding ensure high bonding quality and a high degree of reliability, the required bonding temperatures are very often close to the maximum complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible process temperature (400-450&deg;C). Based on a thermodynamic model of increasing the Gibbs free energy prior wafer bonding, <i>in-situ</i> ComBond<sup>(R)</sup> surface activation was applied to enable low-temperature Au-Au, Al-Al and Cu-Cu wafer bonding. Different aspects, such as bonding quality, dicing yield, bond strength, grain growth and elemental analysis across the initial bonding interface, were investigated. Based on these parameters successful wafer bonding was demonstrated at room temperature for Au-Au and Cu-Cu, and at 100&deg;C for Al-Al wafer bonding.
Chosen-IV Correlation Power Analysis on KCipher-2 Hardware and a Masking-Based Countermeasure (2013)

This paper presents a chosen-IV (Initial Vector) correlation power analysis on the international standard stream cipher KCipher-2 together with an effective countermeasure. First, we describe a power analysis technique which can reveal the secret key (initial key) of KCipher-2 and then evaluate the validity of the CPA with experiments using both FPGA and ASIC implementations of KCipher-2 processors. This paper also proposes a masking-based countermeasure against the CPA. The concept of the proposed countermeasure is to mask intermediate data which pass through the non-linear function part including integer addition, substitution functions, and internal registers L1 and L2. We design two types of masked integer adders and two types of masked substitution circuits in order to minimize circuit area and delay, respectively. The effectiveness of the countermeasure is demonstrated through an experiment on the same FPGA platform. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through the ASIC fabricated by TSMC 65nm CMOS process technology. In comparison with the conventional design, the design with the countermeasure can be achieved by the area increase of 1.6 times at most.
A A Integrated Current-Sensing System With % Gain Error and 16 μA Offset From to (2016)

This paper presents an integrated current-sensing system (CSS) that is intended for the use in battery-powered devices. It consists of a 10 mΩ on-chip metal shunt resistor, a switched-capacitor (SC) ΔΣ ADC, and a dynamic bandgap reference (BGR) that provides the ADC's reference voltage and also senses the shunt's temperature. The CSS is realized in a standard 0.13 μm CMOS process, occupies 1.15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and draws 55 μA from a 1.5 V supply. Extensive measurements were made on 24 devices, 12 of which were directly bonded to a printed-circuit board (PCB) and 12 of which were packaged in a standard HVQFN plastic package. For currents ranging from -5 to +5 A and over a temperature range of -55 °C to + 85 °C, they exhibit a maximum offset of 16μA and a maximum gain error of ±0.3%. This level of accuracy represents a significant improvement on the state of the art, and was achieved by the use of an accurate shunt temperature compensation scheme, a low-leakage sampling scheme, and several dynamic error correction techniques.
High-gain volume ignition for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) (1994)

Since 1976, volume ignition calculations of pellet‐fueled inertial confinement fusion have shown very high fusion gains due to the strong temperature increases caused by self‐heating. This phenomenon was first reported in 1978 (Hora & Ray) and subsequently named the ‘‘Wheeler modes.’’ The very low optimum initial temperatures (≊1 keV) and the fuel burn of up to 80% permit gains of ≳100, for compression of D‐T to 2000–10,000 times the solid state for total input driver energy of a few MJ per pulse. The simple, smooth density and temperature profiles—unlike those of spark ignition—indicate it may be a faster and easier route to pellet fueling for a fusion power reactor capable of low‐cost energy production.
Acquired resistance to chloroquine in human CEM T cells is mediated by multidrug resistance–associated protein 1 and provokes high levels of cross‐resistance to glucocorticoids (2006)

Induction of overexpression of the multidrug resistance efflux transporter MRP-1 can emerge after long-term exposure to CQ and results in CQ resistance and collateral resistance to dexamethasone. These findings warrant further detailed investigations into the possible role of MRP-1 and other members of the superfamily of drug efflux pumps in diminishing the efficacy of DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
Rescue of the hairless phenotype in nude mice by transgenic insertion of he wild-type Hfh11 genomic locus (1996)

Mice and rats homozygous for mutations at the nude (nu) locus exhibit the pleiotropic phenotypes of hairlessness and athymia. A recent positional cloning study identified, as a nude gene, a novel fork head transcription factor, Hfh11 (also called whn), that is expressed in skin and thymus, and is mutated in nude rodents. To obtain the direct biological proof that this gene is responsible for nude phenotype, we microinjected a cosmid clone containing the wild-type Hfh11 genomic locus into fertilized nude eggs. Two independent founder lines of transgenic mice were generated that corrected the hairless phenotype, but not the thymic defect. This partial rescue demonstrates that Hfh11 is the gene responsible for the hairless defect in the nude mouse. Taken together with previous genetic studies, this complementation result indicates that Hfh11 is indeed the nude gene and the Hfh11 locus is likely to be subject to complicated regulation.
Structural Properties of Inverted Hexagonal Phase: A Hybrid Computational and Experimental Approach (2020)

Inverted/reverse hexagonal (H<sub>II</sub>) phases are of special interest in several fields of research, including nanomedicine. We used molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to study H<sub>II</sub> systems composed of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) and palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) at several hydration levels and temperatures. The effect of the hydration level on several H<sub>II</sub> structural parameters, including deuterium order parameters, was investigated. We further used MD simulations to estimate the maximum hydrations of DOPE and POPE H<sub>II</sub> lattices at several given temperatures. Finally, the effect of acyl chain unsaturation degree on the H<sub>II</sub> structure was studied via comparing the DOPE with POPE H<sub>II</sub> systems. In addition to MD simulations, we used deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>2</sup>H NMR) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments to measure the DOPE acyl chain order parameters, lattice plane distances, and the water core radius in H<sub>II</sub> phase DOPE samples at several temperatures in the presence of excess water. Structural parameters calculated from MD simulations are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. Dehydration decreases the radius of the water core. An increase in hydration level slightly increased the deuterium order parameter of lipids acyl chains, whereas an increase in temperature decreased it. Lipid cylinders undulated along the cylinder axis as a function of hydration level. The maximum hydration levels of PE H<sub>II</sub> phases at different temperatures were successfully predicted by MD simulations based on a single experimental measurement for the lattice plane distance in the presence of excess water. An increase in temperature decreases the maximum hydration and consequently the radius of the water core and lattice plane distances. Finally, DOPE formed H<sub>II</sub> structures with a higher curvature compared to POPE, as expected. We propose a general protocol for constructing computational H<sub>II</sub> systems that correspond to the experimental systems. This protocol could be used to study H<sub>II</sub> systems composed of molecules other than the PE systems used here and to improve and validate force field parameters by using the target data in the H<sub>II</sub> phase.
15-Lipoxygenase eicosanoids are the putative ligands for vanilloid receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (2011)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Computing Deep Perft and Divide Numbers for Checkers (2012)

The perft method, originating from the chess programming community, has become a widespread way to test the correctness and performance of move generators. Although its usefulness diminishes with depth, computing deep perft numbers poses an interesti
Supplemental Figure S3 from The Distinctive Mutational Spectra of Polyomavirus-Negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S3. Supplemental Figure S3 HRAS and PRUNE2 mutations in MCC&lt;/p&gt;
Computer-aided detection of mantle cell lymphoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT using a deep learning convolutional neural network. (2021)

<sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT can provide quantitative characterization with prognostic value for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). However, detection of MCL is performed manually, which is labor intensive and not a part of the routine clinical practice. This study investigates a deep learning convolutional neural network (DLCNN) for computer-aided detection of MCL on <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT. We retrospectively analyzed 142 baseline <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT scans of biopsy-confirmed MCL acquired between May 2007 and October 2018. Of the 142 scans, 110 were from our institution and 32 were from outside institutions. An Xception-based U-Net was constructed to classify each pixel of the PET/CT images as MCL or not. The network was first trained and tested on the within-institution scans by applying five-fold cross-validation. Sensitivity and false positives (FPs) per patient were calculated for network evaluation. The network was then tested on the outside-institution scans, which were excluded from network training. For the 110 within-institution patients (85 male; median age, 58 [range: 39-84] years), the network achieved an overall median sensitivity of 88% (interquartile range [IQR]: 25%) with 15 (IQR: 12) FPs/patient. Sensitivity was dependent on lesion size and SUV<sub>max</sub> but not on lesion location. For the 32 outside-institution patients (24 male; median age, 59 [range: 40-67] years), the network achieved a median sensitivity of 84% (IQR: 24%) with 14 (IQR: 10) FPs/patient. No significant performance difference was found between the within and outside institution scans. Therefore, DLCNN can potentially help with MCL detection on <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT with high sensitivity and limited FPs.
Synthesis of Ruthenium Dioxide−Titanium Dioxide Aerogels:  Redistribution of Electrical Properties on the Nanoscale (1997)

High-surface area RuO2−TiO2 is an important material for catalytic and power source technologies. To create this mixed oxide as a nanoscale, high-surface-area material, we have synthesized electrically conductive aerogels of RunTi1-nOx via sol−gel chemistry and supercritical drying of the resulting gel. The structural and electrical properties of these aerogels are characterized after annealing using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface-area measurements, and impedance spectroscopy. Their properties are affected by the nature of the RuCl3 precursor and the initial sol-gel chemistry. Whereas bulk 32 mol % RuO2·TiO2 is an electronic conductor, a dominant ionic response is measured in the impedance of Ru0.32Ti0.68Ox aerogels. This impedance is ascribed to a proton conduction mechanism associated primarily with the hydrous surface of the RuOx component. The electrical conductivity of these Ru0.32Ti0.68Ox aerogels at 25 °C increases from 10-4 S cm-1 in ambient air to 10-2 S cm-1 under an increased partial pressure of water, which is characteristic of a protonic conductor. The electronic conductivity of these aerogels improves with exposure to dry oxygen, which is consistent with the oxidation of Ru3+ surface defects. Synthesizing RuO2−TiO2 as an aerogeli.e., as high-surface-area, networked interface accentuates the surface properties of this material. The electrical (electronic + protonic) transport properties of bulk RuO2−TiO2 are redistributed when synthesized as an aerogel. Whereas electronic transport dominates the characteristics of the dense form, the protonic transport of the hydrous oxide surfaces governs the electrical properties of the aerogel. Aerogels provide a useful means to isolate, study, and control the surface of metal oxides.
Multi-band locally-adaptive contrast enhancement algorithm with built-in noise and artifact suppression mechanisms (2007)

For real-time imaging in surveillance applications, visibility of details is of primary importance to ensure customer confidence. Usually, image quality is improved by enhancing contrast and sharpness. Many complex scenes require local contrast improvements that should bring details to the best possible visibility. However, local enhancement methods mainly suffer from ringing artifacts and noise over-enhancement. In this paper, we present a new multi-window real-time high-frequency enhancement scheme, in which gain is a non-linear function of the detail energy. Our algorithm simultaneously controls perceived sharpness, ringing artifacts (contrast) and noise, resulting in a good balance between visibility of details and non-disturbance of artifacts. The overall quality enhancement is based on a careful selection of the filter types for the multi-band decomposition and a detailed analysis of the signal per frequency band. The advantage of the proposed technique is that detail gains can be set much higher than usual and the algorithm will reduce them only at places where it is really needed.
Architectural performance verification: PowerPC processors (2002)

We consider the problem of validating a functional (architectural) timing model coded to predict instructions-per-cycle (IPC) performance for an advanced superscalar processor family. We present a methodology based on loop test cases for validating such models. For the purpose of this paper, we focus on two key strategies within our overall validation methodology: transient mode testing; and steady-state parametric testing. We state a few key lemmas characterizing the underlying theory and present a set of experimental results to illustrate the use of these validation strategies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Time-reversal breaking of acoustic waves in a cavity (2004)

Acoustic time-reversal is a well-established technique that focuses an ultrasonic wave on the location of its source. It is based on the time-reversal invariance of the wave equation and is usually implemented using time-reversal mirrors made up of a hundred of piezoelectric transducers. However, a time-reversal experiment can be performed in a closed cavity (a water-filled beaker) with only one transducer as a pulse-echo system. This easy-to-build and low cost experiment involves students in the general concept of the time-reversal invariance of the wave equation. We show that it also can be adapted to become an ultrasonic time-reversal thermometer. A careful study of the focal point shows a dependence of its position as a function of temperature variations.