gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On an iterative method for basis pursuit with application to echo cancellation with sparse impulse responses (2012)

Basis pursuit has been shown to be an effective method of solving inverse problems with a small amount of data when the system to be determined has a sparse representation. Adaptive filters fall under this general category of problems. Here, we use the echo cancellation context to introduce a method of solving the basis pursuit problem with an iterative method based on the proportionate normalized affine projection algorithm (PAPA). Earlier, it has been shown that PAPA can be derived from a basis pursuit perspective. Here we refine the assumptions made in those derivations and show that an iterative form of PAPA yields the same results as basis pursuit without resorting to the simplex method. The resulting algorithm has extremely fast convergence for adaptive filters with very sparse impulse responses. Simulations using the new iterative approach are also presented.
Sepsis and AKI in ICU Patients: The Role of Plasma Biomarkers (2012)

Given the higher mortality rate of ICU patients with sepsis and AKI, we decided to investigate the possible correlation between serum biomarkers of organ damage, and endotoxin activity in ICU septic patients. Ninety-eight consecutive adult patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided in two groups depending on the presence of sepsis. Fifty-six patients had sepsis, while forty-two patients were nonseptic. Among septic patients, twenty-four subjects developed AKI, while thirty-two did not. AKI occurred in fourteen patients without sepsis as well. The levels of NGAL, BNP, and AOPP were significantly higher among septic patients compared with nonseptic subjects (P < 0.001). Among septic patients, subjects who developed AKI showed significant higher levels of NGAL and AOPP (P = 0.0425) and BNP (P = 0.0327). Among patients who developed AKI, a significant difference was found only in terms of AOPP levels between septic and nonseptic patients. The correlation between endotoxin activity and BNP in septic patients and the increase in the levels of NGAL, BNP, and AOPP in case of sepsis and AKI, in particular if they are associated, indicate a multiorgan involvement in these two conditions.
Optimization of the Synthesis Conditions of a DBD Plasma Reactor for the Synthesis of Hybrid Silica-Based Catalysts (2014)

The conventional synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts usually is a complex and time-consuming process. PECVD proves to be a promising technique for a one-step synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts. In the present paper, the production efficiency for hybrid silica-based powders is optimized using a DoE approach. Afterwards, a set of hybrid silica-based metal catalysts are produced using the optimized reaction conditions. The synthesized catalysts are evaluated for their catalytic properties (isomerization of glucose to fructose) and are characterized by several physicochemical characterization methods.
Prognostic value of hepatocyte proliferative activity after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (2001)

The PCNA-LI measured on liver biopsy before the TIPS procedure might be a pre-TIPS marker to discriminate those patients for whom TIPS is likely to be beneficial.
The Lethal Form of Cushing’s in 7B2 Null Mice Is Caused by Multiple Metabolic and Hormonal Abnormalities (2002)

The neuroendocrine-specific protein 7B2, which serves as a molecular escort for proPC2 in the secretory pathway, promotes the production of enzymatically active PC2 and may have non-PC2 related endocrine roles. Mice null for 7B2 exhibit a lethal phenotype with a complex Cushing's-like pathology, which develops from intermediate lobe ACTH hypersecretion as a consequences of interruption of PC2-mediated peptide processing as well as undefined consequences of the loss of 7B2. In this study we investigated the endocrine and metabolic alterations of 7B2 null mice from pathological and biochemical points of view. Our results show that 7B2 nulls exhibit a multisystem disorder that includes severe pathoanatomical and histopathologic alterations of vital organs, including the heart and spleen but most notably the liver, in which massive steatosis and necrosis are observed. Metabolic derangements in glucose metabolism result in glycogen and fat deposition in liver under conditions of chronic hypoglycemia. Liver failure is also likely to contribute to abnormalities in blood coagulation and blood chemistry, such as lactic acidosis. A hypoglycemic crisis coupled with respiratory distress and intensive internal thrombosis most likely results in rapid deterioration and death of the 7B2 null.
Large-diameter and heteroatom-doped graphene nanotubes decorated with transition metals as carbon hosts for lithium–sulfur batteries (2019)

A large-size and heteroatom doped graphene tube host in S cathodes exhibited encouraging rate performance and cyclic stability for Li–S batteries.
Same side dual SIL-radar system for real-time vital sign monitoring with random body movement cancellation (2016)

This paper presents a Doppler radar system for real-time vital sign monitoring. To reduce the random body movement effect, this system involves two self-injection-locked (SIL) radars that are mutually injection locked to each other using a branch-line coupler and a circulator array. Moreover, the two SIL radars use different gain antennas. As a result, over 85 percent of the body movement is canceled so as to render the vital sign signals liable to appear in real time.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Regulation of the Embryonic Morphogen Nodal by Notch4 Facilitates Manifestation of the Aggressive Melanoma Phenotype (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Regulation of the Embryonic Morphogen Nodal by Notch4 Facilitates Manifestation of the Aggressive Melanoma Phenotype
Effects of catalysts on the model reactions of several maleimide resin systems (III): allyl-modified maleimniide (1995)

A detailed investigation on the effects of catalysts on the curing reactions of the allyl-modified maleimide resin system was carried out by using model reactions. Various products and various degrees of polymerization of N-phenylmaleimide are obtained by changing catalysts (no catalyst, imidazole catalyst, radical catalyst and triphenyl phosphine). The products are identified by NMR spectroscopy. These results suggest that the choice of catalyst could control the crosslinking densities and structures of various maleimnide resins; those factors also relate to the physical and mechanical properties. These results would be useful in maleimide chemistry and its application.
Mitochondrial GTP‐AMP Phosphotransferase (1979)

GTP-AMP phosphotransferase has been purified 116-fold with a yield of 24% from beef heart mitochondria using freeze-thawing, alkali and acid treatment and successive column chromatography on phosphocellulose, Sephadex G-100 and blue-dextran--Sepharose. It has crystallized from poly-(ethylene glycol) and is essential homogeneous by sodium dodecylsulfate electrophoresis and isoelectrofocusing. The specific activity of the crystalline preparation was 290 U/mg. The molecular weight was found to be 26000 and the isoelectric point to be 9.8. Amino acid analysis showed 21 aspartic acid or asparagine, 19 threonine, 12 serine, 26 glutamic acid or glutamine, 15 proline, 16 glycine, 14 alanine, 15 valine, 4 methionine, 12 isoleucine, 28 leucine, 7 tyrosine, 7 phenylalanine, 5 histidine, 14 lysine, 16 arginine, 2 tryptophan, no --SS-- bonds or free --SH. Guanosine(5')pentaphospho(5')adenosine is a very strong inhibitor similar to adenosine(5')pentaphospho(5')adenosine as an inhibitor of cytosolic adenylate kinase.
Shrinking solid-state nanopores using electron-beam-induced deposition (2009)

Solid-state nanopores of only a few nanometres in size show a great potential for applications such as molecule detection and DNA sequencing. In most cases, the fabrication of such a nanopore requires the high energy beam of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or focused ion beam (FIB) tool to drill or reshape a small hole in a freestanding membrane. Here, we present a novel method to reduce the size of existing nanopores using electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) of carbon in a conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM). The existing nanopores are etched in a silicon membrane using anisotropic wet etching and can be shrunk down to a few nanometres using EBID. This paper discusses the parameters that influence the rate of shrinking and provides an insight into the underlying mechanism.
<title>New technique using CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> laser for high heating and simultaneous optical characterization of IR windows</title> (1997)

Tactical missile infrared (IR) windows are exposed to high heating conditions during free-flight trajectories. These high heating rates and resultant non-uniform temperature distributions result in degradation of optical performance as well as structural capability of the IR window. Optically, the wavefront and the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) can be catastrophically degraded and is strongly dependent on the time varying magnitude and distribution of the heat on the window. Therefore, for each missile application, it is critical to be able to determine the optical effects of the heating on window performance. As analytical techniques for predicting optical heating effects are limited, test results are critical in providing conclusive measured data on performance as well as validating analytical predictions. Unfortunately, conventional techniques for measuring the free flight heating effects, e.g. shock tubes and wind tunnels, are expensive and require complex set-ups for measuring the optical performance. The high speed flow and resultant thermal and vibration environments require that the hardware be robust and nearly form factored. This increases the cost of the hardware and limits the available volume for instrumentation and optical measurement devices. In addition, because of the volume limitations, many times it is necessary to use a form factored, expensive IR seeker to measure the optical performance. A new test technique has been developed by Raytheon to measure the optical performance of a non-form factored IR window while simultaneously exposing it to tactical missile free flight heating levels. The high power, continuous wave carbon-dioxide laser, located at the Laser Hardened Materials Evaluation Laboratory (LHMEL) at Wright Patterson Air Force Base, was used to heat the exterior surface of a flat, internally cooled silicon window. During the application of the laser heating, the optical performance of the cooled window as measured using a 128 by 128 focal plane array (FPA) midwave IR detector. Several weeks of testing was conducted in which significant data on the wavefront distortion, thermal response, and overall optical performance of the internally cooled silicon window was captured. The test technique can be utilized for any IR window material, internally cooled or uncooled. The test set-up and technique are discussed in this paper. The low cost of performing the tests allowed significant data to be collected on the IR performance of the window. The ability to test non- form factored hardware resulted in significant cost savings as available test equipment was utilized in lieu of expensive form factored IR seekers. Also, the ability to measure non- form factored hardware early in the development process resulted in reductions in overall development cost and schedule.
Ordered Mesoporous Silica‐Based Catalysts for Biomass Conversion (2017)

This chapter discusses and evaluates the ordered mesoporous silica-based catalysts in the conversion of biomass molecules, where the production of fine chemicals and biofuels are also included. The acid catalysts have been widely used in biomass conversion, playing important roles in catalyzing the reactions of hydration, dehydration, esterification, and isomerization. Sulfated ordered mesoporous silica exhibits unusual catalytic performances in many reactions, owing to the ordered mesoporous structure, simple modification of the sulfonic acid group, and controllable acid density. Al-doped mesoporous silica has been confirmed as an efficient catalyst in several reactions, but the weak acidity severely hinders its wide application due to the amorphous nature of the mesoporous walls. Ordered mesoporous silica-based catalysts have significant advantages in mass transfer compared to zeolite catalysts, but show a lack of micropores to control product selectivity. It is recommended that catalysts which possess a combination of the advantages of mesoporous silicas and zeolites.
Low Friction Powertrains: Current Advances in Lubricants and Coatings (2021)

Improving fuel economy and reducing emissions is nowadays more important than ever. Apart from powertrain electrification, automotive manufacturers have constantly been seeking to improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Downsizing and boosting have become common practice in the internal combustion engine (ICE) design. Increased power density and torque output of modern boosted engines, in combination with the introduction of automatic stop-start systems and ultralow viscosity lubricants tends to stress the engine beyond the limits foreseen in the classical design. This leads to wear problems. Each engine component comes with a unique landscape of competing manufacturing technologies, among which advanced surface finishing and coating methods play an important role. This presentation provides an overview of different industrial trends related thereto. The role of lubricant on the engine tribology is studied for different engine designs. The importance of in-design “pairing” of low-viscosity motor oils with the engine characteristics is highlighted filling the gap in the understanding of complex interactions between the crankcase lubricant and engine mechanics.
Nearest-surface distribution functions for polydispersed particle systems (1992)

Nearest-neighbor distribution functions characterize the probability of finding a nearest neighbor at some given distance from a reference point in systems of interacting particles and are of fundamental importance in a variety of problems in the physical and biological sciences. We extend the formalism of Torquato, Lu, and Rubinstein [Phys. Rev. A 41, 2059 (1990)] for identical spheres to obtain exact series representation of nearest-neighbor functions (void and particle probability densities) and closely related quantities for systems of interacting D-dimensional spheres with a polydispersivity in size. Polydispersivity constitutes a basic feature of the structure of random systems of particles and leads to a wider choice of possible definitions for nearest-neighbor functions. The most relevant definition for a polydispersed system of particles involves the ``nearest particle surface'' rather than the ``nearest particle center'' and thus we refer to them as ``nearest-surface distribution functions.'' For the special cases of D-dimensional hard and overlapping spheres, we obtain analytical expressions for the nearest-surface functions that are accurate for a wide range of sphere concentrations. Employing these results, we are able to compute the corresponding mean nearest-surface distances for polydispersed hard spheres. Finally, we determine the nearest-surface functions for bidispersed systems from Monte Carlo computer simulations and find that our theoretical results are in very good agreement with the data.
Alanine aminotransferase‐based algorithms of liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography (Fibroscan) for liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (2008)

The aim of this study is to know the liver stiffness measurement (LSM) cutoffs for different stages of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and to investigate the effect of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on LSM. We prospectively studied consecutive CHB patients undergoing liver biopsy and transient elastography examinations. Diagnostic performance of LSM for different degrees of liver fibrosis was evaluated. One hundred and sixty-one CHB patients with adequate liver biopsy sample size were studied. Area under receiver operating characteristics curves of LSM for no fibrosis (F0 vs F1-4), bridging fibrosis (F0-2 vs F3-4) and liver cirrhosis (F0-3 vs F4) was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.68-0.92), 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82-0.93) and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89-0.97) respectively. For liver cirrhosis, these optimal cutoff values were 8.4 kPa (98% sensitivity), 9.0 kPa (maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity), 13.4 kPa (94% specificity) and 13.4 kPa (maximum diagnostic accuracy, 85%) respectively. Patients with the same fibrosis staging but higher ALT levels tend to have higher LSM, and the diagnostic performance for low stage fibrosis was most seriously affected when ALT was elevated. Different LSM cutoff values and algorithms were derived for normal and elevated ALT levels. Based on these algorithms, liver biopsy can be avoided in 62% and 58% of patients with normal and elevated ALT respectively. In conclusion, transient elastography is a reasonable noninvasive tool to substitute liver biopsy among the lowest and highest risk patients for the assessment of liver fibrosis.
Secondary in vitro responses of T lymphocytes to non-H-2 alloantigens self-H-2-restricted responses induced in heterologous serum are not dependent on primary-stimulating non-H-2 alloantigens. (1977)

The role of non-H-2 alloantigens, specifically Mls locus products, in secondary in vitro T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity has been studied. Splenic T lymphocytes, activated against Mls locus alloantigens in primary-mixed cultures and isolated by velocity sedimentation gradient separation techniques, were used as responding populations in secondary mixed leukocyte cultures (MLCs) and cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). Such T-cell clones could be shown to exhibit either "self"-H-2-restricted or anti-Mls locus-specific reactivity, with this dichotomy of reactivity depending only on the primary culture conditions. Mls locus-activated T lymphocytes generated in cultures supplemented with homologous serum exhibited specific memory responses in MLC, yet remained incapable of effecting target cell destruction against Mls locus antigens or against "self"-H-2-structures in CML. In contrast, activated T-cell clones generated in the presence of heterologous serum displayed H-2-restricted reactivity in both secondary MLC and CML. H-2-restricted MLC activation was controlled by products of the H-2 serologically defined regions. Although heterologous serum was a necessary (and sufficient) entity for development of H-2-restricted responses, evidence argues against the possibility that heterologous serum acts via modification of cell surface components.
Organopolysiloxane Phosphines as Supports for New Immobilized Metal Complex Catalysts (1987)

Abstract Immobilized metal complex catalysts represent a new type of catalyst by which the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts should be combined in an ideal manner. The known systems, however, don't fulfill the requirements in particular due to the lack ofsuitable supports.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Taxol Analogues and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Efficient exposure of non-manhattan layouts using Vistec’s shaped beam systems (2023)

In emerging optical applications, curvilinear features increase lithography complexity, which leads to long e-beam write times. Multi beam mask writers offer a solution for high-end masks where curvilinear features are predominant. For mid-range masks and emerging optical applications especially variable shaped beam systems still offer advantages. The challenge for optical applications is to expose large-scale non-Manhattan layouts such as slanted gratings, circle arrays, or curved geometrical structures with high fidelity in an efficient way. For arbitrary curved structures, including 3D, a novel shot count optimized and edge roughness aware approximation (JES-approximation) approach by ePLACE data preparation software package (Vistec Electron Beam GmbH, Germany) is applied. In contrast to common fracturing, both throughput and pattern fidelity in optical applications are highly increased. The optical quality by means of high sensitive haze measurements of diffractive axicons is proven. For repetitive structures such as slanted gratings or circle arrays the cell projection (CP) option is the solution of choice, but CP is also effective for arbitrarily curved gratings. Key enabler is the data preparation software ePLACE where cell dose values are calculated to meet the target layout contours precisely. Both JES-approximation as well as cell projection with target contour calculation are powerful tools for an efficient data preparation and final exposure of non-Manhattan layouts.
Is chaotic advection inherent to porous media flow? (2013)

We show that chaotic advection is inherent to flow through all types of porous media, from granular and packed media to fractured and open networks. The basic topological complexity inherent to all porous media gives rise to chaotic flow dynamics under steady flow conditions, where fluid deformation local to stagnation points imparts a 3D fluid mechanical analog of the baker's map. The ubiquitous nature of chaotic advection has significant implications for the description of transport, mixing, chemical reaction and biological activity in porous media.
Impact of carbon monoxide partial pressures on methanogenesis and medium chain fatty acids production during ethanol fermentation (2017)

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are important biofuel precursors. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a sustainable electron and carbon donor for fatty acid elongation, since it is metabolized to MCFA precursors, it is toxic to most methanogens, and it is a waste product generated in the gasification of waste biomass. The main objective of this work was to determine if the inhibition of methanogenesis through the continuous addition of CO would lead to increased acetate or MCFA production during fermentation of ethanol. The effects of CO partial pressures (P<sub>CO</sub> ; 0.08-0.3 atm) on methanogenesis, fatty acids production, and the associated microbial communities were studied in batch cultures fed with CO and ethanol. Methanogenesis was partially inhibited at P<sub>CO</sub> ≥ 0.11 atm. This inhibition led to increased acetate production during the first phase of fermentation (0-19 days). However, a second addition of ethanol (day 19) triggered MCFA production only at P<sub>CO</sub> ≥ 0.11 atm, which probably occurred through the elongation of acetate with CO-derived ethanol and H<sub>2</sub> :CO<sub>2</sub> . Accordingly, during the second phase of fermentation (days 20-36), the distribution of electrons to acetate decreased at higher P<sub>CO</sub> , while electrons channeled to MCFA increased. Most probably, Acetobacterium, Clostridium, Pleomorphomonas, Oscillospira, and Blautia metabolized CO to H<sub>2</sub> :CO<sub>2</sub> , ethanol and/or fatty acids, while Peptostreptococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and other Clostridiales utilized these metabolites, along with the provided ethanol, for MCFA production. These results are important for biotechnological systems where fatty acids production are preferred over methanogenesis, such as in chain elongation systems and microbial fuel cells.