gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Laser Powder Bed Fusion for Transformational Challenge Reactor Core (2019)

The following report focuses on the utility of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) for the construction of components for the Transformational Challenge Reactor (TCR) core. Multiple additive manufacturing processes are under investigation to evaluate the advantages and viability of each process for direct manufacturing of complex structures needed for future nuclear reactors. Technologies under investigation include binder jet, direct energy deposition (DED), electron beam powder bed fusion (EBPBF), and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Each process has advantages and disadvantages. For the core design, two manufacturing approaches are under consideration—one involving the exclusive use of LPDF to fabricate the entire core and the other consisting of integration of LPBF and DED where LPBF is used for the core’s top and bottom manifolds (where complexity is high) and DED is used for the manufacture of the cladding where complexity is still high but geometric variability, size, and speed are better suited for DED. For both approaches, LPBF research has focused on processing parameter development, core design, and manufacturing tolerances for integration of fuel elements. The following report highlights reactor core design as it relates to LPBF and experimental validation of test components necessary for finalizing the core design.
Cell size, cell cycle, and α-smooth muscle actin expression by primary human lung fibroblasts (1998)

Primary human lung fibroblasts were separated into small (group I), intermediate (group II), and large (group III) subpopulations by unit gravity sedimentation (1 G). The three subsets retained differences in cell size for up to 15 days of primary culture. Flow cytometric (fluorescence-activated cell sorter) measurements of forward-angle light scatter agreed well with fibroblast volume measured by image analysis and confirmed the utility of forward-angle light scatter for discriminating size subpopulations. Group II fibroblasts accumulated most rapidly by 8 days of culture and also contained the greatest proportion of S and G2/M phase cells as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Fibroblasts that were immunoreactive with antibodies to alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were found only in group III. In situ end labeling of fragmented DNA detected apoptotic cells in both groups II and III, but double labeling for in situ end labeling and alpha-SMA revealed apoptotic cells in both the alpha-SMA-positive and -negative populations. These results demonstrate that primary human lung fibroblasts behave as predicted by classic models of cell cycle progression and differentiation. However, they do not support the hypothesis that the expression of alpha-actin is related to apoptosis. We also describe a simple and reproducible method for the high-yield isolation of human lung fibroblast subsets of differing proliferative potential and phenotype.
EVALUATION OF ULTRA-HIGH DEGREE GEOPOTENTIAL MODELS IN AUSTRALIA (2002)

Recent development of ultra-high and high degree Earth geopotential model (EGM) opens new avenues to determine the Earth gravity field through spectral techniques to a very high accuracy and resolution. However, due to data availability, quality and type, the performance of these new EGMs varies accordingly. Therefore, the performance of any new model remains to be validated in regional or local scale. The ultra-high degree tailored model (GPM98C) developed by Wenzel is evaluated using GPS/levelling derived geometric geoid, the new Australian gravimetric geoid, land and marine gravity anomalies and satellite altimetry derived gravity information. This is of particularly importance since the gravity field of Australia is unusual due to its long geological history.Results show that, compared with EGM96, Wenzel's model presents detrimental effects over Australia, particularly over Tasmania, coastal and major geological interest areas. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a new high degree and resolution Australian geopotential model using regional heterogeneous data. Some closely related issues are discussed and recommendations for further development of an ultra-high Australian Geopotential model are given.
The assessment of ACE activity in man following angiotensin I challenges: a comparison of cilazapril, captopril and enalapril. (1989)

1. The aim of the studies was to develop a new methodology to estimate the pharmacodynamic properties and potency of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in man. 2. Angiotensin I dose-response curves were derived by continuous infusion of angiotensin I in increasing dose steps; steady state was reached within 3 min. 3. Interaction between angiotensin I (agonist) and ACE inhibitors (antagonist) was characterized according to Schild-plot methodology by measuring agonist dose-response curves using diastolic blood pressure in the absence and the presence of varying doses of the antagonist. 4. Cilazapril shifted the angiotensin I dose-response curves to the right. A twofold shift (apparent Ki-dose) was observed with approximately 0.6 mg cilazapril. 5. The effect of angiotensin I on diastolic blood pressure was determined before and up to 36 h after administration of 25 mg captopril, 10 mg enalapril, 4 mg cilazapril and a placebo orally. The pharmacodynamic half-life of captopril was about 2 h, whereas the effect of enalapril and cilazapril was about 4 h. 6. Angiotensin I dose-response curves are useful methods of investigating the pharmacodynamic properties of ACE-inhibitors in man.
Influence of Antifreeze Proteins on Behavior of Ice Crystals and Red Blood Cells during Solidification of Cell Suspensions with Cryoprotectant. (1994)

This study aims at clarifying fundamenentally the influence of antifreeze proteins (AFPs) on the cryopreservation of biological cells. AFPs are antifreeze agents present in Antarctic fishes and some north-temperate fishes, which protect them from freezing. The process of directional solidification of suspensions of human red blood cells was investigated microscopically, using physiological saline including 20%v/v glycerol with and without 20mg/ml AFPs. The red blood cells after freezing and thawing were also observed. Due to the addition of AFPs, the morphology of the ice crystal growing in the suspension changed dramatically from dendritic into spicular. The spiculate ice crystal caused mechanically strong interactions between the ice crystals and the red blood cells, and the resultant complete destruction of the red blood cells. This result suggests that the morphology of the ice crystal and its interaction with the cells are among the factors influencing cell survival through freezing.
Dispersive vs charge-sensing readout for linear quantum registers (2020)

We present recent progress in the implementation of scalable schemes for spin qubit readout in one dimensional quantum registers based on fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) technology. We compare two schemes both based on rf gate reflectometry. The first one, denoted as dispersive readout, minimizes the device overhead thereby facilitating scale-up to large qubit registers. The second one, denoted as charge-sensing readout, requires additional readout components but is less sensitive to the strength of the interdot coupling facilitating operation in the few-electron regime. We demonstrate single-shot charge sensing with a fidelity of 97% in 5 μs. Finally, we propose a scalable device architecture for linear qubit registers relying on charge-sensing readout.
Past, Current and Future Technologies for Optical Submarine Cables (2019)

Optical submarine cables are a crucial infrastructure as they convey 99% of internet traffic between countries and continents. Although, their history is rooted in the middle in the 19th Century with the first transatlantic telegraph cable, the uninterrupted strong growth of current internet traffic has been a prime motivation for the introduction of several disruptive technologies. In this paper, we review technologies used in past and current optical submarine cables, as well as future technological trends to increase their capacity.
Pooling Acceleration in the DaVinci Architecture Using Im2col and Col2im Instructions (2021)

Image-to-column (Im2col) and column-to-image (Col2im) are data transformations extensively used to map convolution to matrix multiplication. These transformations rearrange the inputs of convolution to avoid its strided memory access pattern, thus providing a friendlier data layout for CPUs and GPUs. In artificial intelligence (AI) accelerators, these transformations allow convolution to be computed in matrix-multiplier units. Implemented in software, however, they impose a significant overhead that must be compensated by the efficiency gains of matrix multipliers. DaVinci is an AI accelerator architecture that introduces instructions to optimize Im2col and Col2im. Another core layer of convolutional neural networks that presents a strided memory access pattern is pooling. This paper explores the specialized Im2col and Col2im instructions to accelerate pooling layers in DaVinci. An experimental evaluation reveals that the proposed pooling implementations can yield speedups of up to 5.8 times compared to a baseline that does not use these specialized instructions. The speedups follow from an improved memory layout in the inputs of pooling, as this layout leads to better utilization of the vector processing unit in DaVinci.
Phase 1b/2 study of ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a BCMA-directed CAR-T cell therapy, in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-1): Two years post-LPI. (2022)

8028 Background: Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel), a chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy with 2 B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)–targeting single-domain antibodies, led to early, deep, and durable responses in the phase 1b/2 CARTITUDE-1 study (NCT03548207) in heavily pretreated patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). At ̃1-year (y) median follow-up (MFU), overall response rate (ORR) was 97%; 67% of pts achieved stringent complete response (sCR). 1-y progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 77% and 89%, respectively (Berdeja 2021). Updated results 2-y post last patient in (LPI) will be presented (̃30-month total MFU). Here, we report CARTITUDE-1 results at 21.7-month MFU. Methods: Eligible pts with RRMM received ≥3 prior lines of therapy (LOT) or were refractory to a proteasome inhibitor (PI) and immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) and had received a PI, IMiD, and anti-CD38 antibody. Bridging therapy was permitted after apheresis. Pts received a single cilta-cel infusion (target dose 0.75×10 6 CAR+ viable T cells/kg) 5–7 days after lymphodepletion. Primary objectives were to evaluate cilta-cel safety and efficacy. Response was assessed per International Myeloma Working Group criteria by independent review committee and minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity at 10 -5 by next-generation sequencing. Results: As of July 22, 2021, 97 pts (59% male; median age 61 y) received cilta-cel. Pts had a median of 6 (range 3–18) prior LOT; 84% were penta-drug exposed, 88% were triple-class refractory, 42% were penta-drug refractory, and 99% were refractory to last LOT. ORR was 97.9% (95% CI 92.7–99.7), 94.9% achieved very good partial response, and 82.5% achieved sCR. Median times to first response, best response, and ≥CR were 1.0, 2.6, and 2.9 months (m), respectively; median duration of response was not reached (NR). Of 61 pts evaluable for MRD, 92% were MRD negative (10 -5 ), sustained for ≥6 m in 44% (27/61) and ≥12 m in 18% (11/61). 2-y PFS was 60.5% (95% CI 48.5–70.4). Median PFS and OS were NR. 2-y PFS rates in pts with sustained MRD negativity for ≥6 m and ≥12 m were 91% and 100%, respectively. There were no new safety signals or new events of CAR-T cell neurotoxicity, movement and neurocognitive treatment-emergent adverse events, or treatment-related deaths since 1-y MFU. 15 second primary malignancies were reported in 11 pts over ̃2-y MFU. Conclusions: At ̃2-y MFU, a single cilta-cel infusion led to deepening and durable responses in heavily pretreated pts with RRMM with a manageable safety profile. Follow-up is ongoing, and landmark 2-y post LPI data (̃8 m additional follow-up; ̃30 m total MFU) will be presented. Further investigations of cilta-cel are ongoing in earlier LOT and outpatient settings across the CARTITUDE program (NCT04133636, NCT04181827, NCT04923893). Clinical trial information: NCT03548207.
A novel paradigm for high isolation in multiple antenna systems with user's influence (2010)

In this paper, a novel paradigm is proposed to overcome the limitations posed by conventional small antenna design, exploiting the high isolation potential of narrow-band antenna systems. Several planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) operating in different Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) bands are investigated, showing also the influence of different hand phantoms in average use trough Finite-Difference TimeDomain (FDTD) simulations. It is confirmed that the way a mobile phone is held is very important in determining the amount of absorption loss, detuning and antenna isolation. Narrow-band antennas are found to be more robust against mutual coupling, having therefore a better isolation.<br/><br/>
Chlorine-free Bleaching of Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp Using a Mixture of Peroxymonosulfuric Acid and a Trace of Chlorine Dioxide (2021)

本研究では，製紙用パルプの製造法として，環境負荷の小さい無塩素漂白を提案する。蒸解性の良好な樹齢12年のユーカリ・グロブラス材からクラフト蒸解と酸素漂白法を用いて実験室でパルプを調製し，漂白性を検討した。一方，比較としてユーカリ・グロブラスとアカシア材混合チップを原料とする工場製酸素漂白クラフトパルプについても検討した。新規な漂白方法として，酸素 （O） 漂白，モノ過硫酸 （Psa） 処理とアルカリ性過酸化水素 （Ep） 処理を用いるO-Psa-Ep- Psa-Epの5段漂白シーケンスを採用し，白色度89-90％ISOの漂白パルプが得られることを示した。さらに，重要な最終品質のパルプ粘度を改善する方法として，Psaに微量の二酸化塩素を混合して漂白を行う方法を提案する。
Chiral-at-Rhodium Catalyst Containing Two Different Cyclometalating Ligands (2019)

A method for the synthesis of a bis-cyclometalated rhodium complex containing two different cyclometalating ligands is reported and applied to asymmetric catalysis. The preparation of this previously inaccessible class of tris-heteroleptic bis-cyclometalated rhodium(III) complexes was achieved by a stepwise protocol that relies on the formation of an isolable mono-cyclometalated rhodium(III) species in the first step, providing the opportunity to introduce a different second ligand in a subsequent additional cyclometalation step. The obtained racemic complex was resolved into its single enantiomers using an established chiral auxiliary ligand approach. The final Λ- and Δ-configured chiral-at-metal rhodium complexes contain a cyclometalated 5-tert-butyl-1-methyl-2-phenylbenzimidazole, a cyclometalated 5-tert-butyl-2-phenylbenzothiazole, and two acetonitrile ligands, complemented by a hexafluorophosphate counterion, and proved to be highly efficient for asymmetric [2 + 2] photocycloadditions.
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION BY INHIBITION OF CELLULAR ADHESION MEDIATED BY LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1/INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE-1 IN MURINE CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION1 (1997)

Although there are significant differences in the frequency of different cellular subsets and patterns of cytokine gene expression, these differences are quantitatively subtle, suggesting a delicately balanced immune response that can develop a pattern of specific unresponsiveness, with relatively minor alterations in the specific T-cell response.
Multiplicity of Generation, Selection, and Classification Procedures for Jammed Hard-Particle Packings (2001)

Hard-particle packings have served as useful starting points to study the structure of diverse systems such as liquids, living cells, granular media, glasses, and amorphous solids. Howard Reiss has played a major role in helping to illuminate our understanding of hard-particle systems, which still offer scientists many interesting conundrums. Jammed configurations of hard particles are of great fundamental and practical interest. What one precisely means by a “jammed” configuration is quite subtle and considerable ambiguity remains in the literature on this question. We will show that there is a multiplicity of generation, selection, and classification procedures for jammed configurations of identical d-dimensional spheres. We categorize common ordered lattices according to our definitions and discuss implications for random disk and sphere packings. We also show how the concept of rigidity percolation (which has been used to understand the mechanical properties of network glasses) can be generalized to further characterize hard-sphere packings.
S-nitrosylation of fatty acid synthase regulates its activity through dimerization (2016)

NO regulates a variety of physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. S-nitrosylation, a NO-mediated reversible protein modification, leads to changes in the activity and function of proteins. In particular, the role of S-nitrosylation during adipogenesis is largely unknown. We hypothesized that the normal physiological levels of NO, but not the excess levels generated under severe conditions, such as inflammation, may be critically involved in the proper regulation of adipogenesis. We found that endogenous S-nitrosylation of proteins was required for adipocyte differentiation. By performing a biotin-switch assay, we identified FAS, a key lipogenic enzyme in adipocytes, as a target of S-nitrosylation during adipogenesis. Interestingly, we also observed that the dimerization of FAS increased in parallel with the amount of S-nitrosylated FAS during adipogenesis. In addition, we found that exogenous NO enhanced the dimerization and the enzymatic activity of FAS. Moreover, site-directed mutagenesis of three predicted S-nitrosylation sites indicated that S-nitrosylation of FAS at Cys(1471)and Cys(2091), but not at Cys(1127), increased its enzymatic activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the S-nitrosylation of FAS at normal physiological levels of NO increases its activity through dimerization and may contribute to the proper regulation of adipogenesis.
Long-Lived Charge Separation and Applications in Artificial Photosynthesis (2014)

Researchers have long been interested in replicating the reactivity that occurs in photosynthetic organisms. To mimic the long-lived charge separations characteristic of the reaction center in photosynthesis, researchers have applied the Marcus theory to design synthetic multistep electron-transfer (ET) systems. In this Account, we describe our recent research on the rational design of ET control systems, based on models of the photosynthetic reaction center that rely on the Marcus theory of ET. The key to obtaining a long-lived charge separation is the careful choice of electron donors and acceptors that have small reorganization energies of ET. In these cases, the driving force of back ET is located in the Marcus inverted region, where the lifetime of the charge-separated state lengthens as the driving force of back ET increases. We chose porphyrins as electron donors and fullerenes as electron acceptors, both of which have small ET reorganization energies. By linking electron donor porphyrins and electron acceptor fullerenes at appropriate distances, we achieved charge-separated states with long lifetimes. We could further lengthen the lifetimes of charge-separated states by mixing a variety of components, such as a terminal electron donor, an electron mediator, and an electron acceptor, mimicking both the photosynthetic reaction center and the multistep photoinduced ET that occurs there. However, each step in multistep ET loses a fraction of the initial excitation energy during the long-distance charge separation. To overcome this drawback in multistep ET systems, we used designed new systems where we could finely control the redox potentials and the geometry of simple donor-acceptor dyads. These modifications resulted in a small ET reorganization energy and a high-lying triplet excited state. Our most successful example, 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium ion (Acr(+)-Mes), can undergo a fast photoinduced ET from the mesityl (Mes) moiety to the singlet excited state of the acridinium ion moiety (Acr(+)) with extremely slow back ET. The high-energy triplet charge-separated state is located deep in the Marcus inverted region, and we have detected the structural changes during the photoinduced ET in this system using X-ray crystallography. To increase the efficiency of both the light-harvesting and photoinduced ET, we assembled the Acr(+)-Mes dyads on gold nanoparticles to bring them in closer proximity to one another. We can also incorporate Acr(+)-Mes molecules within nanosized mesoporous silica-alumina. In contrast to the densely assembled dyads on gold nanoparticles, each Acr(+)-Mes molecule in silica-alumina is isolated in the mesopore, which inhibits the bimolecular back ET and leads to longer lifetimes in solution at room temperature than the natural photosynthetic reaction center. Acr(+)-Mes and related compounds act as excellent organic photocatalysts and facilitate a variety of reactions such as oxygenation, bromination, carbon-carbon bond formation, and hydrogen evolution reactions.
Polymer-cladded athermal high-index-contrast waveguides (2008)

We present a general approach to design temperature-independent high-index-contrast (HIC) waveguides using polymer claddings. Thermal stability has been a significant issue in electronic-photonic integrated circuits because of the heterogeneous heating resulting from integration with electronics. Due to silicons highly temperature-dependent optical properties, athermal performance in silicon-based devices is the critical limitation in device performance. In applications such as wavelength demultiplexing (WDM) and high-resolution spectroscopy, the thermo-optic (TO) effect results in a wavelength shifts and phase shifts in the spectral response peak of each wavelength channel, which limits the wavelength resolution and affects the spectral channel density. Instead of attempting to diminish temperature gradience across the chip, an elegant solution is to design athermal waveguides that are insensitive to ambient temperature. Thermo-optically neutral designs are achieved by choosing a polymer cladding material, whose thermo-optic coefficient is opposite to that of silicon (TO<sub>Si</sub> = +1.8&times;10<sup>-4</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>). We present a comprehensive study of temperature dependence in HIC waveguides, using DuPont's polymers as the cladding materials. We provide general design criteria for athermal HIC waveguides by developing analytical and empirical expressions.