gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Crystallographic Grain Orientation of (K<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)NbO<sub>3</sub> Piezoelectric Ceramics (2006)

The microstructural development of crystalline-oriented (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (described as KNN hereafter)-based piezoelectric ceramics during sintering was investigated. The addition of CuO as a sintering aid was found to be effective for fabricating highly oriented and dense KNN ceramics. KNN specimens with 0.5-1.0 mol% CuO sintered at 1100°C for 1 h have both a relative density and a pseudo-cubic {100} orientation degree of 95% or higher. In the early stages of sintering, KNN is formed in the reaction between complementary reactants NaNbO3 and KNbO3, after which oriented grain growth proceeds at a relative density of more than 90%. In addition, the results of TEM observation showed that textured KNN ceramics have a unique pectinate-like domain structure, in which the domain walls consist of {101} planes.
Change talk subtypes as predictors of alcohol use following brief motivational intervention. (2022)

Results challenge the assumption that all ST during MI is a negative prognostic indicator and highlight the importance of the context in which change language emerges. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Nanobodies reveal an extra-synaptic population of SNAP-25 and Syntaxin 1A in hippocampal neurons (2018)

Synaptic vesicle fusion (exocytosis) is a precisely regulated process that entails the formation of SNARE complexes between the vesicle protein synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2) and the plasma membrane proteins Syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25. The sub-cellular localization of the latter two molecules remains unclear, although they have been the subject of many recent investigations. To address this, we generated two novel camelid single domain antibodies (nanobodies) specifically binding to SNAP-25 and Syntaxin 1A. These probes penetrated more easily into samples and detected their targets more efficiently than conventional antibodies in crowded regions. When investigated by super-resolution imaging, the nanobodies revealed substantial extra-synaptic populations for both SNAP-25 and Syntaxin 1A, which were poorly detected by antibodies. Moreover, extra-synaptic Syntaxin 1A molecules were recruited to synapses during stimulation, suggesting that these are physiologically-active molecules. We conclude that nanobodies are able to reveal qualitatively and quantitatively different organization patterns, when compared to conventional antibodies.
Enhanced Hole Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells Through Carbon Nanotubes (2014)

Here, we report the use of polymer-wrapped carbon nanotubes as a means to enhance charge extraction through undoped spiro-OMeTAD. With this approach a good solar cell performance is achieved without the implementation of conventional doping methods. We demonstrate that a stratified two-layer architecture of sequentially deposited layers of carbon nanotubes and spiro-OMeTAD, outperforms a conventional blend of the hole-conductor and the carbon nanotubes. We also provide insights into the mechanism of the rapid hole extraction observed in the two-layer approach.
Anatomy and immunochemical characterization of the non-arterial peptidergic diffuse dural innervation of the rat and Rhesus monkey: Implications for functional regulation and treatment in migraine (2016)

Objective The interplay between neuronal innervation and other cell types underlies the physiological functions of the dura mater and contributes to pathophysiological conditions such as migraine. We characterized the extensive, but understudied, non-arterial diffuse dural innervation (DDI) of the rat and Rhesus monkey. Methods We used a comprehensive integrated multi-molecular immunofluorescence labeling strategy to extensively profile the rat DDI and to a lesser extent that of the Rhesus monkey. Results The DDI was distributed across a dense, pervasive capillary network and included free nerve endings of peptidergic CGRP-expressing C fibers that were closely intertwined with noradrenergic (NA) sympathetic fibers and thin-caliber nonpeptidergic "C/Aδ" fibers. These newly identified C/Aδ fibers were unmyelinated, like C fibers, but expressed NF200, usually indicative of Aδ fibers, and uniquely co-labeled for the CGRP co-receptor, RAMP1. Slightly-larger caliber NF200-positive fibers co-labeled for myelin basic protein (MBP) and terminated as unbranched corpuscular endings. The DDI peptidergic fibers co-labeled for the lectin IB4 and expressed presumably excitatory α1-adrenergic receptors, as well as inhibitory 5HT1D receptors and the delta opioid receptor (δOR), but rarely the mu opioid receptor (µOR). Labeling for P2X3, TRPV1, TRPA1, and parasympathetic markers was not observed in the DDI. Interpretation These results suggest potential functional interactions, wherein peptidergic DDI fibers may be activated by stress-related sympathetic activity, resulting in CGRP release that could be detected in the circulation. CGRP may also activate nonpeptidergic C/Aδ fibers that are likely mechanosensitive or polymodal, leading to activation of post-synaptic pain transmission circuits. The distribution of α1-adrenergic receptors, RAMP1, and the unique expression of the δOR on CGRP-expressing DDI fibers suggest strategies for functional modulation and application to therapy.
Endoglucanase A from Cellulomonas fimi : determination of the amino acids directly involved in catalysis and their function (2009)

The overall objective of this study was to characterize the catalytic domain of endoglucanase A (CenA) from Cellulomonasfimi. More specifically, the objective was to identify the amino acids in the catalytic domain which are directly involved in acid and base catalysis and/or in stabilizing the transition state. The catalytic domains of 13-1,4-glucanases can be grouped into families of related amino acid sequences. CenA is a member of family 6. All enzymes from this family are believed to hydrolyze 13-1,4-glucosidic bonds using a general acid-base catalytic mechanism resulting in inversion of anomeric configuration at the scissile bond. Three-dimensional structures for two cellulases from family 6 have been determined by x-ray crystallographic analysis. These structures show that there are four aspartate residues which are in a position to function as acid catalyst, base catalyst and/or transition state stabilizers. These aspartates are conserved in all members of family 6. The roles of D216, D252, D287 and D392, the corresponding amino acid residues in CenA, were determined. These aspartates have been systematically replaced with alanine and glutamate via site-directed mutagenesis and the resulting effects on activity, pH profile, substrate specificity and overall structure have been determined. Changes in overall structure were monitored using circular dichroism spectroscopy and no significant differences between the wild-type and mutant proteins were found. Active site structure was also found to be intact as all proteins bound to a cellobiose affinity column. The kinetic parameters of the enzymes were determined on various substrates with different leaving groups. Further kinetic analysis of mutants using small nucleophilic anions and using a- and f3-cellobiosyl fluoride, as well as pH dependence studies, were also carried out. On the basis of these results, D252 and D392 are assigned as the acid and base catalysts, respectively, in CenA. Residue D287 appears to aid D252 in acid catalysis and D216 is not absolutely required for catalysis.
Preparation of Peptide Thioesters through Fmoc‐Based Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis by Using Amino Thioesters (2013)

Abstract An effective procedure for the synthesis of peptide alkyl thioesters by 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid‐phase peptide synthesis was developed. The free C terminus of a fully protected peptide was coupled in solution with the free amino group of an amino thioester. This furnished the fully protected peptide thioester, which was globally deprotected to afford the desired unprotected peptide thioester. The method is compatible with labile groups such as phosphoryl and glycosyl moieties.
Cloning antibodies from single cells in pooled sequence libraries by selective PCR (2020)

Antibodies function by binding to antigens. Antibodies must be cloned and expressed to determine their binding characteristics, but current methods for high-throughput antibody sequencing yield antibody DNA pooled from many cells and do not readily permit cloning of antibodies from single B cells. We present a strategy for retrieving and cloning antibody DNA from single cells within a pooled library of cells. Our strategy, called selective PCR for antibody retrieval (SPAR), takes advantage of the unique sequence barcodes attached to individual cDNA molecules during sample preparation to enable specific amplification by PCR of antibody heavy- and light-chain cDNA originating from a single cell. We show through computational analysis that most human antibodies sequenced using typical high-throughput methods can be retrieved using SPAR, and experimentally demonstrate retrieval of full-length antibody variable region cDNA from three cells within pools of ~5,000 cells. SPAR enables rapid low-cost cloning and expression of native human antibodies from pooled single-cell sequence libraries for functional characterization.
Genomic landscape of human diversity across Madagascar (2017)

Although situated ∼400 km from the east coast of Africa, Madagascar exhibits cultural, linguistic, and genetic traits from both Southeast Asia and Eastern Africa. The settlement history remains contentious; we therefore used a grid-based approach to sample at high resolution the genomic diversity (including maternal lineages, paternal lineages, and genome-wide data) across 257 villages and 2,704 Malagasy individuals. We find a common Bantu and Austronesian descent for all Malagasy individuals with a limited paternal contribution from Europe and the Middle East. Admixture and demographic growth happened recently, suggesting a rapid settlement of Madagascar during the last millennium. However, the distribution of African and Asian ancestry across the island reveals that the admixture was sex biased and happened heterogeneously across Madagascar, suggesting independent colonization of Madagascar from Africa and Asia rather than settlement by an already admixed population. In addition, there are geographic influences on the present genomic diversity, independent of the admixture, showing that a few centuries is sufficient to produce detectable genetic structure in human populations.
Complex Coacervation in Polyelectrolytes from a Coarse-Grained Model (2018)

Complex coacervation refers to the formation of distinct liquid phases that arise when polyelectrolytes are mixed under appropriate polymer and salt concentrations. Molecular-level studies of coacervation have been limited. In this work, a coarse-grained model of the polymers and the corresponding counterions is proposed and used to simulate coacervation as a function of polymer length and overall salt concentration. Several sampling methods are used to determine the phase behavior of the underlying polymers. In particular, the results of simulations in different ensembles are shown to be consistent and to reproduce a number of phenomena observed in experiments, including the disruption of complexation by increasing ionic strength or by decreasing molecular weight. The coacervate concentrations determined from phase behavior calculations are then used to examine the rheology of the corresponding materials. By relying on long dynamic simulations, we are able to generate the dynamic response of the material in the form of dynamic moduli as a function of frequency, which are also found to compare favorably with experimental measurements.
Distributed computing and the multicore revolution (2008)

Changes in technology can have far-reaching effects on theory. For example, while Turing's work on computability predated the first electronic computers, complexity theory flowered only after computers became a reality. After all, an algorithm's complexity may not matter much in a mathematics journal, but matters quite a bit in a FORTRAN program. We argue that something similar is going on with parallel and concurrent computation: after decades of being respected but not taken seriously, research on multiprocessor algorithms and data structures is going mainstream.
Fig S6 from A Bispecific METxMET Antibody–Drug Conjugate with Cleavable Linker Is Processed in Recycling and Late Endosomes (2023)

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An Efficient Unnatural Base Pair for a Base-Pair-Expanded Transcription System (2005)

For the site-specific incorporation of artificial components into RNA by transcription, an efficient, unnatural base pair between 2-amino-6-(2-thiazolyl)purine (denoted as v) and 2-oxo(1H)pyridine (denoted as y) was developed. The substrates of y and 5-substituted y were site-specifically incorporated into RNA by T7 RNA polymerase opposite v in templates. The efficiency and fidelity of the v-y pairing in transcription were as high as those of the natural A-T(U) and G-C pairings. Furthermore, RNAs containing two adjacent y bases were also transcribed from DNA templates containing two v bases. This specific transcription allows the large-scale preparation of artificial RNAs and can be combined with other systems to simultaneously incorporate several different components into a transcript.
The aggregation potential of human amylin determines its cytotoxicity towards islet β‐cells (2006)

Human amylin is a small fibrillogenic protein that is the major constituent of pancreatic islet amyloid, which occurs in most subjects with type 2 diabetes. There is evidence that it can elicit in vitro apoptosis in islet beta-cells, but the physical properties that underpin its cytotoxicity have not been clearly elucidated. Here we employed electron microscopy, thioflavin T fluorescence and CD spectroscopy to analyze amylin preparations whose cytotoxic potential was established by live-dead assay in cultured beta-cells. Highly toxic amylin contained few preformed fibrils and initially showed little beta-sheet content, but underwent marked time-dependent aggregation and beta-conformer formation following dissolution. By contrast, low-toxicity amylin contained abundant preformed fibrils, and demonstrated high initial beta-sheet content but little propensity to aggregate further once dissolved. Thus, mature amylin fibrils are not toxic to beta-cells, and aggregates of fibrils such as occur in pancreatic islet amyloid in vivo are unlikely to contribute to beta-cell loss. Rather, the toxic molecular species is likely to comprise soluble oligomers with significant beta-sheet content. Attempts to find ways of protecting beta-cells from amylin-mediated death might profitably focus on preventing the conformational change from random coil to beta-sheet.
Experimental Encephalomyelitis Induces Changes in DJ-1: Implications for Oxidative Stress in Multiple Sclerosis (2006)

DJ-1 plays an important role in oxidative stress, and is involved in various neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests a central role for oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to examine whether changes occur in DJ-1 expression in an animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found upregulation of DJ-1 mRNA and protein expression levels in EAE and a correlation between disease severity and increased DJ-1 levels. Although DJ-1 isoforms were more alkaline in controls, in EAE, a shift was noted toward acidic isoforms. ROS induced by SIN-I exposure led to an increase in DJ-1 mRNA and protein levels in human glioma U-87 cells. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that DJ-1 is present both in the cytoplasm and the nuclei of these cells. This is the first report of modulation of DJ-1 expression in EAE. Upregulation of DJ-1 was noted in EAE, and similar results were observed in glioma cells exposed to ROS. In view of the accumulating evidence on the central role of oxidative stress in MS, and the importance of DJ-1 in oxidative stress management by the CNS, we believe that DJ-1 will be found to have a central role in MS.
ChemInform Abstract: SELENIUM DIOXIDE ENTRY INTO 3‐ACYLINDOLES (1979)

Abstract Bei der Oxidation mit 2,3‐Dichlor‐5 ,6‐ dicyano‐1,4‐benzochinon (DDQ) erhält man aus dem Indolylmethyl‐piperidinen (II) die Ketone (I) mit schlechten Ausbeuten, während mit Selendioxid aus (IIa) über das Keton (Ia) das Keton (IIIa) unter Aromatisierung erhalten wird.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Equine Stomach (1974)

SUMMARY Squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach was diagnosed in 4 horses. The prominent clinical findings included anorexia, chronic weight loss, and anemia. Abdominal masses were identified on rectal examination of each horse, and biopsy via exploratory laparotomy provided a positive diagnosis in 2 horses. Extensive metastasis to the abdominal and thoracic cavities occurred in all 4 horses.
Right ventricle landmark detection using multiscale HOG and random forest classifier (2015)

This paper presents an efficient and robust approach to detect right ventricular landmark points in short axis cardiac MRI, based on multiscale HOG descriptor and random forest classifier. First, candidate landmark locations are determined using multiscale Harris corner detector. Multiscale HOG descriptor is then extracted at the candidate search locations. A probabilistic random forest classifier model is trained to discriminate landmark points from non-landmark regions. The landmark position is then estimated as the weighted average of the candidate locations where weights are computed from the probability scores derived from the classifier. Experimental result performed on an image set of 15 patients demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed method with average error (Euclidean distance between the detected landmark and the manually annotated landmark points) of 5.06 pixels. Contrary to most existing approaches, our proposed method has minor dependency to prior segmentation of right ventricle, hence is less affected by plausible segmentation error.
Iridium Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of N-Iminopyridinium Ylides: Mechanistic Insights (2008)

Mechanistic insights of the efficient iridium catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of N-iminopyridinium ylides are reported.Using NMR and mass spectrometry, the nature of the pre-catalyst and role of iodine was studied.The effect of solvent as well as an extensive ligand screening is presented.Deuteration experiments also show that C-H(D) insertion pathways occur in competition with the hydrogenation process.
Wideband ultralow power distribution network impedance evaluation of decoupling capacitor embedded interposers for 3-D integrated LSI system (2013)

We evaluated low-impedance power distribution network (PDN) of decoupling capacitor embedded interposers for 3-D integrated LSI system. Measurements are carried out using the developed impedance analyzer system of a wide frequency range for evaluating ultralow impedance, and calculations are carried out using 2.5-D and 3-D finite element method (FEM) electromagnetic field simulator. We fabricated various types of capacitor mounted or capacitor embedded interposers test element group (TEG), such as surface-mounted and embedded chip capacitors, and thin film capacitors on silicon interposers using the same simple design to compare measurement results with calculation ones. As a result, the ultralow impedance evaluation system that has a high measurement dynamic range at the entire measurable frequency band can be realized. Furthermore, by using 2.5-D and 3-D FEM electromagnetic field simulator, it is expected that the accurate and wideband comparative verification of the PDN impedance analysis and evaluation can be realized.
An overview of the Ultrafast X-ray Imager (UXI) program at Sandia Labs (2015)

The Ultra-Fast X-ray Imager (UXI) program is an ongoing effort at Sandia National Laboratories to create high speed, multi-frame, time gated Read Out Integrated Circuits (ROICs), and a corresponding suite of photodetectors to image a wide variety of High Energy Density (HED) physics experiments on both Sandia’s Z-Machine and the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The program is currently fielding a 1024 x 448 prototype camera with 25 &mu;m pixel spatial resolution, 2 frames of in-pixel storage and the possibility of exchanging spatial resolution to achieve 4 or 8 frames of storage. The camera’s minimum integration time is 2 ns. Minimum signal target is 1500 e- rms and full well is 1.5 million e-. The design and initial characterization results will be presented as well as a description of future imagers.
A rapidly convergent summation of the periodic Green's function in layered media (1992)

The authors present a technique for the efficient computation of the periodic Green's function in layered dielectric media. A complex image scheme is first used to develop a simple closed form for the spatial Green's function of a single point source. With this spatial Green's function, the Poisson summation formula is then applied to yield a rapidly convergent mixed spectra-spatial series representation of the periodic Green's function. Numerical examples confirm the dramatic improvement achieved by utilizing this efficient series representation for the computation of the periodic Green's function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Implementation of efficient, low power deep neural networks on next-generation intel client platforms (2017)

In recent years many signal processing applications involving classification, detection, and inference have enjoyed substantial accuracy improvements due to advances in deep learning. At the same time, the “Internet of Things” has become an important class of devices. Although the paradigm of local sensing and remote inference has been very successful (e.g., Apple Siri, Google Now, Microsoft Cortana, Amazon Alexa, and others) there exist many valuable applications where sensing duration is very long, the cost of communication is high, and scaling to millions or billions of devices is not practical. In such cases, local inference “at the edge” is attractive provided it can be done without compromising accuracy and within the thermal envelope and expected battery life of the edge device.
Synthesis of carbon‐14 labeled cilobamine mesylate (1985)

Abstract Cilobamine mesylate, cis‐2‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl‐UL 14 C)‐3‐[(1‐methylethyl)‐amino]bicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐2‐01 methanesulfonate 1, a new antidepressant, was synthesized in 15% yield from the Grignard reaction of 1‐bromo‐3,4‐dichloro‐benzene‐UL 14 C and 3‐[(1‐methylethyl)amino]bicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐2‐one, 5. The bicycloketoamine 5 was prepared in three steps from bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐2‐ene.