gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable Anisotropic Stiffness with Square Fiber Jamming (2020)

Jamming is a phenomenon in which a collection of compliant elements is encased in an airtight envelope, and a vacuum-induced pressure enhances frictional and kinematic coupling, resulting in dramatic changes in stiffness. This paper introduces the jamming of square cross-sectioned fibers, which allow for tunable and programmable anisotropic stiffness. A theoretical model captures the effect of major geometric design parameters on the direction-variant bending stiffness of these long and slender jamming elements. The model is experimentally validated, and a 13-fold stiffening in one direction and a 22-fold stiffening in the orthogonal direction is achieved with a single jamming element. The performance of a square-fiber-jamming continuum robot structure is demonstrated in a steering task, with an average reduction of 74% in the measured insertion force when unjammed, and a direction-variant 53% or 100% increase in the measured tip stiffness when jammed.
Integrated sensor and electronics processing for &lt;10?8 "iMEMS" inertial measurement unit components (2004)

A large-area pressure sensor matrix has been fabricated on a plastic sheet for the first time, integrating high-quality organic field-effect transistors and rubbery pressure sensors. This pressure sensor demonstrates the feasibility of applying the organic transistor technology to flexible area-sensors, which opens up new applications of organic FETs including artificial skins.
Influence of shot noise on CDU with DUV, EUV, and E-beam (2008)

A theoretical analysis to estimate the effect of shot noise on CDU is induced from optical imaging perspectives combined with quantum theory, and is studied for 193-nm, EUV, and electron beam lithography. We found the CDU variation from shot noise is related to the number of particles absorbed in the printed area and to the image log slope (ILS). Hence, the CDU variation contributed by shot noise gets worse when the technology node advances from 45- to 32-, 22-, and 15-nm, EUV with higher ILS is no exception. For e-beam lithography, we are interested in the values of ILS calculated from array structures with different pitches, backscattering, wafer-stage movement, and raster-scan writing.
Maintaining the Design Intent in the Synthesis of 3-D and 1-D System Models Using Constraints (2016)

Systems design consists of both geometry-based three-dimensional (3-D) and energy-based one-dimensional (1-D) models. Automatically synthesizing 1-D and 3-D models from the same specification is useful because it saves time and eliminates errors. State-of-the-art synthesis algorithms use a one-to-one mapping of 3-D to 1-D artifacts and therefore only cover the geometric aspects of the design. In this paper, we propose an approach where constraints are abstracted to the functional level and integrated with the functional models, thus providing for efficient 3-D to 1-D mapping and allowing for 1-D to 3-D mapping. Additionally, we present our work in the context of product lifecycle management systems and demonstrate the novel capabilities of our software using a real-world satellite and excavator design examples.
Newly-identified receptors for peptide histidine-isoleucine and GHRH-like peptide in zebrafish help to elucidate the mammalian secretin superfamily (2008)

A group of ten hormones in humans are structurally related and known as the secretin superfamily. These hormones bind to G-protein-coupled receptors that activate the cAMP pathway and are clustered as the secretin or B family. We used an evolutionary approach with zebrafish as a model to understand why some of these hormones, such as peptide histidine-methionine (PHM) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-related peptide (PRP) in humans lack a receptor. We used molecular techniques to clone two full-length receptor cDNAs in zebrafish, which were analyzed for amino acid sequence and ligand-binding motifs, phylogenetic position, synteny, tissue expression, functional response, and signaling pathway. Evidence is provided that the two cDNAs encoded the peptide histidine-isoleucine (PHI) receptor and PRP receptor, which is known as GHRH-like peptide (GHRH-LP) receptor in non-mammals. Further, we cloned a zebrafish cDNA encoding the peptides PHI and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The PHIR had been previously labeled as one type of a VIP-PACAP (VPAC2R) shared receptor based only on sequence data. The PHIR cDNA, transfected into COS7 cells, responded to zebrafish PHI in a sensitive and dose-dependent manner (EC(50)=1.8x10(-9) M) but not to PACAP and VIP. The GHRH-LP receptor responded to both zebrafish GHRH-LP1 and GHRH with a 3.5-fold greater response to the former. For comparison, two zebrafish receptors (PAC1R and VPAC1R) and two human receptors (VPAC2R and GHRHR) were tested with human and/or zebrafish peptides. Unexpectedly, zebrafish VIP activated its PAC1R suggesting that in evolution, PAC1R is not always a specific receptor for PACAP. We conclude that zebrafish, like goldfish, have a specific receptor for PHI and GHRH-LP. Our evidence that zebrafish PHI is more potent than human PHM in activating the human VPAC2R (EC(50)=7.4x10(-9) M) supports our suggestion that the VPAC2R and PHIR shared a common ancestral receptor.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry Metallacyclic Alkenylcarbene Complexes. Part 6. Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted (3E)‐1,3‐Dienes from Chelated Allyl‐Ironcarbene Complexes and Potassium Enoxyborates. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tuning the Optical Response of Graphene and Metamaterials (2015)

The following dissertation examines the tunability of two types of proof-of-concept devices centering around post-fabrication modification of the infrared optical response. The first device, created through the hybridization of the metamaterials and the phase-transition oxide vanadium dioxide (VO2), is probed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We demonstrate that, through application of voltage pulses to this initially uniform device, a gradient in the optical properties can be obtained. This macroscopic control mechanism enables persistent modification of the device, though the hysteretic nature of the VO2 insulator to metal transition (IMT), on spatial scales on the order of a few wavelengths of the probing light. In addition to effects from current-induced heating, we show that the optical response can also be modified through the use of an ionic gel to oxidize or reduce the vanadium ions in VO2, thereby driving its IMT. These measurements also demonstrate the potential for metamaterials as a means of probing metal-to-insulator transitions, allowing for enhanced optical probing of changes in VO2 properties due to electric fields from the ion gel. The second device we explored is a graphene based device used for examining the modification of grapheneâs plasmonic response in conjunction with the ferroelectric high-Îº dielectric lead zirconium titanate (PZT) employed as a gate dielectric. By using PZT, the carrier concentration, and therefore the optical properties of graphene, can be heavily modified with small back-gate voltages. Additionally, the use of a ferroelectric dielectric enables a form of memory in the device where transient voltage application leads to persistent changes in graphene properties. Examination of this device using scanning near-field optical microscopy allows us to determine the usefulness of similar devices in future plasmonic device.
Longitudinal and transverse disturbances in unbounded, gas-fluidized beds (2013)

A temporal linear stability analysis is performed on the continuum-averaged equations of motion for the fluid and dispersed particle phases which describe a uniform, boundless fluidized bed. The present analysis considers disturbances ranging from purely transverse to purely longitudinal, with respect to the flow direction of the base-state fluid velocity. It is found that disturbances over the entire horizontal-vertical wavenumber spectrum may be unstable, although the dominant disturbance is either the classically recognized longitudinal disturbance travelling in the vertical direction or a non-oscillating, purely transverse disturbance. The nature of the preferred mode depends upon the dimensionless parameters of the system. For all parameter cases the growth constants of the two modes remain within an order of magnitude of each other, thereby highlighting the importance of both modes in stability considerations of this system. Dispersion relations for each of the separated horizontal and vertical modes are derived and long-wavelength analyses are performed on the corresponding relations. It is shown that the unstable transverse mode shares similar mechanisms with the longitudinal mode, and that the dominant stabilizing mechanism for each mode is the same for closely-packed beds.
Global optimization of nonconvex MINLP problems in process synthesis (2018)

This paper addresses the solution of nonconvex MINLP problems for process synthesis through the Outer-Approximation/Equality-Relaxation algorithm. A two-phase strategy is proposed where in phase I nonconvexities that may cut off the global optimum are systematically identified with local and global tests. In phase II, a new master problem is proposed that attempts to locate the global optimum which may have been overlooked in phase I. The proposed procedure, which has been implemented in DICOPT, is illustrated with several examples that include the design of multiproduct batch plants and a structural flowsheet optimization problem.
Molecular and functional characterization of allergens: basic and practical aspects. (1994)

Well-defined allergen preparations are, in the first line, a prerequisite for exact diagnosis, but will be supposedly useful tools in immunotherapy of Type I (IgE-mediated) allergic diseases. The allergens have to be available in standardized and highly purified form in sufficient quantities. By applying recombinant DNA techniques this goal can be achieved with respect to both, characterization and reproducibility of allergen preparations. As an example, purified recombinant non-fusion Betv1 revealed identical immunological properties with respect to interaction with both, anti-Betv1 antibodies and Betv1-specific T cell clones when compared with natural Betv1 purified from birch pollen. Moreover, cloning of allergens yielded a number of deduced primary structures of allergens, which allows computer-aided comparisons with already known amino acid sequences. Significant sequence similarities with well-described proteins may point at a biological and biochemical function of the cloned allergen, which might be of interest for considerations why a certain protein within an extract represents an allergen. Furthermore, the interaction of small peptides synthesized according to amino acid sequences of cloned allergens with allergen-specific T and B cells can be investigated. Respective results will yield information about the regulation of IgE synthesis and, thus, might point at new concepts of immunotherapy.
IMPLEMENTATION AND FIELD EVALUATION OF A COTTON YIELD MONITOR (2002)

An opticallybased cotton flow rate measurement device was developed for use in a sitespecific yield mappingsystem. Variations of the final design were fieldtested in Tennessee during three harvest seasons. System performance wasevaluated by harvesting loads of cotton, integrating flow rate measurements over time to obtain a predicted total mass foreach load, and comparing the predicted mass values with actual mass measurements acquired using scales. Integrated flowrate measurements consistently predicted actual load masses with a mean absolute (unsigned) error of 4.0% for all of the loadsharvested during the tests. The mean error (signed) was 0.1% with a sample standard deviation of 5.1%. Sensors were nevercleaned during any of the harvest seasons, and performance degradation due to debris accumulation on sensor faces was notobserved. A subset of test data was analyzed to determine how changing field conditions affected system performance. Datawere evaluated for detectable performance effects due to differences in cotton variety, seed cotton moisture content, averagecotton flow rate, total load weight, and/or the amount of time elapsed since last system calibration. Cotton variety and averagecotton flow rate were shown to affect load mass prediction errors. These results suggest that the system calibration shouldbe checked when the variety being harvested changes, as additional calibrations may be necessary to provide optimum results,and that further optimization of flow rate prediction algorithms may be possible.
Variable Gap Conjugated Polymers (2005)

Abstract : Conjugated polymers having structurally controlled valence (HOMO) and conduction (LUMO) states, along with systems having specific electron donor and acceptor capabilities, Have been developed as optoelectronic materials for photovoltaic, electrochromic, and charge carrier transport properties. Prototype photovoltaic and electrochromic device platforms have been developed and utilized to test and optimize these polymer properties.
PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF INTUMESCENCE: APPLICATION TO THE DEGRADATION OF POLYOLEFINS (2018)

International audience
Noise Transmission Studies of an Advanced Grid-Stiffened Composite Fairing (2007)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
MORPHOLOGY OF STEREOBLOCK POLYPROPYLENE (2002)

The microstructure and morphology of stereoblock polypropylenes containing sequences of isotactic (i) and syndiotactic (s) polypropylene (PP) were studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy, wide angle x-ray scattering (WAXS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) combined with FT-IR analysis of the fractions, and atomic force microscopy. The 13C NMR spectra show the presence of long stereoregular sequences in the respective stereoblock polypropylene which are able to form the crystal modification known from the respective stereoregular homopolymers as revealed by WAXS measurements. A bimodal molar-mass distribution is detected by SEC. All SEC fractions contain i-PP and s-PP sequences, proven by FT-IR spectroscopy. It is shown by atomic-force microscopy that the stereoblock polypropylene, synthesized by homopolymerization of propylene using iso- and syndiotactic catalysts, form a microphase-separated morphology. The microphase separation is preserved also after treatment with hot toluene. A parallel investigation was conducted on a blend of i-PP and s-PP; it exhibits macrophase separation. Treatment of the blend with hot toluene results in the dissolution of the s-PP phase.
Dynamic Analysis of Hula Hoop Motion and Optimized Energy Harvest Circuit (2013)

The nonlinear dynamics of hula hoop motion is deciphered in this study by nonlinear dynamic modeling techniques to find solution and stability analysis. This is different from the previous study [1], where a homotopy method is employed. The analysis results are capable of transforming linear reciprocating motion into rotational motion. The dynamic governing equations of the system are first successfully derived by force balance. The non-linear dynamic analysis is next applied to derive approximate, asymptotic solutions. Stabilities associated with all solution are determined by subsequent analysis on the derived asymptotic solutions. In addition, the transformer could be integrated with coils, magnets, and electric circuits to form a portable energy scavenging device. A novel front-end circuit is proposed in this work for harvesting human’s energy. The situation of human’s walking and running is simulated by a shaker. And the ac-like energy is processed by the novel energy harvesting circuit, transformed as a DC voltage suitable for devices successfully. The efficiency of the entire circuit is proven up to 60%, and is an input-powered circuit with no standby power. A complete experimental system is also designed and successfully confirm the existence of the stable nonlinear solutions found by analytical and numerical analysis.
Imaging Cell Trafficking and Immune Cell Activation Using PET Reporter Genes (2010)

Pathogen invasion of an immunocompetent host induces a coordinated response from a network of diverse immune cell types. The interactions between these various immune cell types are spatially and temporally regulated to facilitate the acquisition of effector mechanisms that ensure pathogen clearance. This section briefly summarizes the major components of the immune network and their actions during an immune response. A more detailed description of the development and function of specific immune cell types can be found in.
Physician Attitudes about Patient-Facing Information Displays at an Urban Emergency Department. (2010)

Hospital information systems have primarily been designed to support physicians and administrators, though recent research has explored the value of patient-facing information displays. Electronic systems can be designed to provide tailored information to patients on their health, their care teams, the status of their hospital stays, and their expected care plans. However, this direct delivery of information from database to patient represents a fundamental change to the traditional flow of clinical information. We therefore explore physician attitudes toward a proposed patient-facing display of information abstracted from a hospital EHR, in the context of an urban emergency department. We find that physicians generally support direct delivery of electronic information to patients, and uncover important concerns to consider in the design of patient-facing information systems.
Differences in Mechanisms Between Weight Reduction Sensitive and Insensitive Blood Pressure Reduction in Obese Subjects (2000)

P180 This study was conducted to clarify the differences in mechanisms between weight reduction (WR) sensitive and insensitive BP reduction, and to evaluate the contribution of family history of obesity (FH) to WR-induced BP reduction. In 61 obese hypertensive men (HT, 28.1±0.9 kg/m2, 35±3 years, 171±6/106±5 mmHg) and 52 obese normotensive men (NT, 27.9±0.6 kg/m2, 34±4 years, 131±5/83±4 mmHg), BMI, BP, fasting plasma norepinephrine (NE), angiotensin II (Ang II), PRA, leptin, insulin were measured every 2 week for 24 weeks with weight loss program (low caloric diet 1000kcal, 7gNaCl + excercise≥1 hr/day). WR and WR sensitive BP reduction were defined as &gt;10% reduction in BMI or mean BP at week 12. 64% of HT and 63% of NT succeeded in WR, and 59% of HT with WR (sensitive vs insensitive P&lt;.05) and 70% of NT with WR (P&lt;.01) were sensitive in BP reduction. When FH+ was defined as at least one parent was obese (BMI&gt;27.0 kg/m2), prevalence of FH+ was higher in 86% of HT and 95% of NT who failed in WR, and higher in 94% of HT and 80% of NT with WR insensitive BP reduction. Only the subjects who succeeded in WR were analyzed in this study. At entry, BP, NE, Ang II, PRA and insulin were higher in HT than in NT, although BMI and leptin were similar. However, the parameters at entry were similar between WR sensitive and insensitive BP reduction in each NT and HT. The decrements (Δ) in BP, NE, Ang II, leptin,insulin were significantly greater in subjects with WR sensitive BP reduction than subjects with WR insensitive BP reduction regardless of BP status during the study, although ΔBMI was similar. Significant decreases in the parameters were noted in earlier period in subjects with WR sensitive BP reduction than in subjects with insensitive BP reduction, and in NT than in HT. In the 4 study groups regardless of BP status or WR induced BP reduction, the decrease in NE preceded BP decline, and the decreases in Ang II, insulin, leptin &amp; PRA followed BP decline with WR. These results suggest that a family history of obesity appears to contribute closely to resistance in weight loss and also to WR insensitive BP reduction. Suppression on sympathetic overactivity is a major mechanism in WR induced BP reduction.
Elevated C-reactive protein levels in schizophrenia inpatients is associated with aggressive behavior (2015)

This study identified a potential biological correlate (inflammation) of a specific behavioral endophenotype (aggression) in schizophrenia inpatients.
Active biomonitoring using the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum: an operational tool to monitor chemical contamination and toxicity in continental surface waterbodies (2017)

The degree of pollution of waterbodies is traditionally appraised by micropollutants research and quantification applied in sediment or in water. While this chemical approach can determine contamination of the targeted compounds in waterbodies, it is inadequate for assessing the bioavailability of chemical substances and toxic impact of aquatic environments (characterized by complex mixture of pollutants) which are currently proposed as complementary analysis. Because of the need of such diagnosis tools for public and private managers, substantial efforts have been made over the last 30 years to develop and apply innovating biological approaches for risk assessment. In this context, this presentation focuses on using a crustacean model, the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum, to assess chemical contamination and toxicity. Our approach of active biomonitoring, based on calibration of "control" individuals (size, sex, population,...) which were exposed during 7 days directly in waterbodies (by caging methodology), is an integrative and relevant approach for field experiments. To demonstrate it, we will show how in situ bioassays bring complementary information to public and private managers in illustrating by various cases of study: waste water treatment plant, storm pillway, dam draining as well as industrial sites. During these field experiments, we finally assessed 1- level of bioavailability contamination for metallic and organic compounds in exposed gammarids and 2- ecotoxicological effects on global parameters (survival, feeding rate, reprotoxicity) and on specific parameters (acetylcholinesterase activity, endocrine disruption). For a reliable data interpretation, we proposed threshold values for bioaccumulated concentrations and biological responses. The general purpose is to highlight the operational, cost-effective and reliable character of active monitoring using gammarids for a large scale deployment in waterbodies.
Expression of interleukin 2 receptors on interleukin 3-dependent cell lines. (1986)

Several mouse IL 3-dependent cell lines, IC2, LT4, FDC-P2, and PB-3C, derived from spleen or bone marrow cells were shown to express low affinity receptors for IL 2 (Kd; 0.5 to 8 X 10(-8) M). High affinity receptors for IL 2 were not detected on the IL 3-dependent cells within the experimental limitation of this study. The clones did not respond to IL 2 at all at the concentration as high as 25 micrograms/ml. The number of the receptors expressed on those clones was estimated to be 0.2 to 2 X 10(5)/cell, which is comparable with the number of those on IL 2-dependent T cell clones. Expression of IL 2 receptor was confirmed in mRNA levels for both IC2 and LT4 cells. A relatively low level expression of one (4.5 Kb) of four IL 2 receptor mRNA species was observed with those IL 3-dependent clones compared with IL 2-dependent T cells. It seems that these low affinity receptors may be expressed on IL 3-dependent cells that undergo differentiation or maturation in mast cell and some myeloid cell lineages.