gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene Transfer into the Lung by Nanoparticle Dextran-Spermine/Plasmid DNA Complexes (2010)

A novel cationic polymer, dextran-spermine (D-SPM), has been found to mediate gene expression in a wide variety of cell lines and in vivo through systemic delivery. Here, we extended the observations by determining the optimal conditions for gene expression of D-SPM/plasmid DNA (D-SPM/pDNA) in cell lines and in the lungs of BALB/c mice via instillation delivery. In vitro studies showed that D-SPM could partially protect pDNA from degradation by nuclease and exhibited optimal gene transfer efficiency at D-SPM to pDNA weight-mixing ratio of 12. In the lungs of mice, the levels of gene expression generated by D-SPM/pDNA are highly dependent on the weight-mixing ratio of D-SPM to pDNA, amount of pDNA in the complex, and the assay time postdelivery. Readministration of the complex at day 1 following the first dosing showed no significant effect on the retention and duration of gene expression. The study also showed that there was a clear trend of increasing size of the complexes as the amount of pDNA was increased, where the sizes of the D-SPM/pDNA complexes were within the nanometer range.
PREFACE (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVPrefaceNEXTPREFACEFRANK W. HARRISFRANK W. HARRISThe University of Akron Akron, OH 44325More by FRANK W. HARRIS and HARRY J. SPINELLIHARRY J. SPINELLIE. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Wilmington, DE 19898More by HARRY J. SPINELLIDOI: 10.1021/bk-1985-0282.pr001 This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MorePublication Date (Print):July 9, 1985Publication History Published online23 July 2009Published inprint 9 July 1985Request reuse permissions Copyright © 1985 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Reactive Oligomersp ixACS Symposium SeriesVol. 282ISBN13: 9780841209220eISBN: 9780841211124Chapter Views99Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (144 KB) Get e-Alerts
Direct-impact Hopkinson tests on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy at very high strain rate and inverse identification of the Johnson-Cook constitutive model (2015)

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Calibration of an ultrasonic transducer in a standing wave field (2019)

Acoustofluidics is one of the emerging technologies for cell sorting. Most of the acoustofluidics platforms use an acoustic standing wave field for the separation. The calibration of the standing wave field is a challenging task. In the past, there have been few studies to quantify the standing wave indirectly using particle tracing in the field. In the present work, we attempt to calibrate the standing wave field using acoustic techniques. Hydrophones are used to find the pressure in an acoustic field. They are designed and constructed in a way that they do not alter the field. Most of the commercial hydrophone in market is made of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride): an acoustically transparent material. When a hydrophone is inserted in a standing wave field, the field in front of the tip is no longer a standing wave field as PVDF is acoustically transparent. This was observed in our acoustic chamber also. Here, we propose to use the receiving characteristics of a transducer to quantify the standing wave field. In brief, two identical PZT transducers are used to generate the standing wave field: one as a transmitter and other as a receiver (reflector). The receiving characteristics of the transducer used as a reflector are calibrated using a needle hydrophone. Using the signal recorded by the receiving PZT transducer in the standing wave field and the calibration value, the pressure at the surface of reflecting transducer can be found. For the sake of comparison, the field will be quantified also by the particle tracing method.
Cover Picture: Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy of Donor–Acceptor–Donor Triads at the Liquid/Solid Interface (ChemPhysChem 11/2005) (2005)

The cover picture shows a submolecularly resolved scanning tunneling microscopy current image and scanning tunneling spectroscopy curves of a mixture of two physisorbed donor (oligo‐ p ‐phenylenevinylene)–acceptor (perylene diimide)–donor (oligo‐ p ‐phenylenevinylene) triads at the liquid–solid interface. By means of bias‐dependent imaging and scanning tunneling spectroscopy, it is not only possible to distinguish both triads, which differ in the nature of the substituents in the bay area of the central perylene diimide acceptor, but also to identify the donor and acceptor moieties within a given triad. Find out more in the Article by Uji‐i et al. on page 2389.
Long cell , a mutant from maize producing a distorted embryo and generalized cell death. (2003)

This chapter discusses a mutation, long cell (lc), in maize which is lethal and recessive. Lethality is produced by a general process of programmed cell death throughout the embryo.
A two-qubit photonic quantum processor and its application to solving systems of linear equations (2014)

Large-scale quantum computers will require the ability to apply long sequences of entangling gates to many qubits. In a photonic architecture, where single-qubit gates can be performed easily and precisely, the application of consecutive two-qubit entangling gates has been a significant obstacle. Here, we demonstrate a two-qubit photonic quantum processor that implements two consecutive CNOT gates on the same pair of polarisation-encoded qubits. To demonstrate the flexibility of our system, we implement various instances of the quantum algorithm for solving of systems of linear equations.
Persistent Salmonella infections in humans are associated with mutations in the BarA/SirA regulatory pathway (2022)

ABSTRACT The bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica is able to establish persistent infections, evading antibiotics and the host immune system and providing a reservoir for recrudescence and transmission to new hosts. Non-typhoidal serovars (NTS) of S. enterica can establish and maintain symptomatic and asymptomatic long term human infections that may predispose carriers to inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. Defining the adaptations and host-pathogen interactions enabling these persistent infections is key to devising more effective strategies to combat and prevent persistent bacterial infections. Using comparative genomics of 639 S almonella NTS isolates belonging to 49 serovars that were longitudinally obtained from 256 salmonelosis patients during different stages of infection, we identified numerous genetic variations accruing over time in strains isolated from the same patient. Many of these changes were found in the same gene across multiple patients and serovars. Among these variant loci, genes encoding global transcriptional regulators were found to be the most commonly mutated between early and late same-patient isolates. Genetic changes in the SirA/BarA two-component regulatory system were particularly frequent, with mutations identified in 24 independent patients. Comparative RNA-Seq analysis revealed that distinct mutations in sirA/barA that arose independently in late isolates of multiple patients lead to significantly diminished expression of virulence-associated genes encoded in the Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPIs) 1 and 4, many of which are known to be critical for host cell invasion and the production of enteritis. Using the salmonellosis mouse model we showed that these mutations in sirA/barA genes confer attenuated virulence in-vivo . Taken together, these data suggest that selection of mutations in the SirA/BarA pathway facilitates persistent Salmonella infection in humans, possibly by attenuating Salmonella virulence and its ability to cause inflammation.
Lumbar Spine Fusion for Chronic Low Back Pain Due to Degenerative Disc Disease (2013)

The body of literature supports fusion surgery as a viable treatment option for reducing pain and improving function in patients with chronic LBP refractory to nonsurgical care when a diagnosis of disc degeneration can be made.
Demystifying speckle field interference microscopy (2022)

Dynamic speckle illumination (DSI) has recently attracted strong attention in the field of biomedical imaging as it pushes the limits of interference microscopy (IM) in terms of phase sensitivity, and spatial and temporal resolution compared to conventional light source illumination. To date, despite conspicuous advantages, it has not been extensively implemented in the field of phase imaging due to inadequate understanding of interference fringe formation, which is challenging to obtain in dynamic speckle illumination interference microscopy (DSI-IM). The present article provides the basic understanding of DSI through both simulation and experiments that is essential to build interference microscopy systems such as quantitative phase microscopy, digital holographic microscopy and optical coherence tomography. Using the developed understanding of DSI, we demonstrated its capabilities which enables the use of non-identical objective lenses in both arms of the interferometer and opens the flexibility to use user-defined microscope objective lens for scalable field of view and resolution phase imaging. It is contrary to the present understanding which forces us to use identical objective lenses in conventional IM system and limits the applicability of the system for fixed objective lens. In addition, it is also demonstrated that the interference fringes are not washed out over a large range of optical path difference (OPD) between the object and the reference arm providing competitive edge over low temporal coherence light source based IM system. The theory and explanation developed here would enable wider penetration of DSI-IM for applications in biology and material sciences.
Multisensor Input for CPG-Based Sensory---Motor Coordination (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper describes a method for providing in real time a reliable synchronization signal for cyclical motions such as steady-state walking. The approach consists in estimating online a phase variable on the basis of several implicit central pattern generator associated with a set of sensors. These sensors can be of any kind, provided their output strongly reflects the timed motion of a link. They can be, for example, spatial position or orientation sensors, or foot sole pressure sensors. The principle of the method is to use their outputs as inputs to nonlinear observers of modified Van der Pol oscillators that provide us with several independent estimations of the overall phase of the system. These estimations are then combined within a dynamical filter constituted of a Hopf oscillator. The resulting phase is a reliable indexing of the cyclic behavior of the system, which can finally be used as input to low-level controllers of a robot. Some results illustrate the efficiency of the approach, which can be used to control robots. </para>
Lyteloop data "storage in motion" using high-bandwidth laser communications (2019)

This paper presents a patent pending approach to store digital data using high bandwidth laser light in motion. Data will be stored in a loop. The higher the data rate, and the longer the storage loop, the more data can be stored. We plan to use : (i) highly multiplexed optical communications to maximize data rate, and (ii) a long light path, to maximize length of time it takes light to traverse the full storage loop. Lyteloop is developing data storage in motion in 4 domains : fiber, space, and two forms of near vacuum cavities. Three of those domains are in a free space near vacuum. Multiplexing will be done across very wide wavelength ranges, and many spatial modes will be used. OEM modes will be used in free space at the shorter wavelengths, and spatial division multiplexing (SDM) in fibers. Multiple cores will be used in fibers A 1.5 Gigabyte demonstation data storage unit has been built in fiber. This démonstration unit, and its performance, is described. Lyteloop will build on, and advance, both free space, and fiber, high data rate communications technology as a method of storing data in motion. We will also describe two patent pending methods to extend path length in free space applications. One approach we call angle multiplexing, and the other uses highly reflective interior surfaces. Less complex, and lower power, signal regeneration will be highly beneficial to achieve Lytelops’s goals.
Biomimetic Fabrication of Vaterite Film from Amorphous Calcium Carbonate on Polymer Melt:  Effect of Polymer Chain Mobility and Functionality (2004)

We demonstrate that amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) thin film crystallization on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PC), poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates is affected by the chain mobility and functionality of the polymers above and below their melting and glass transition temperatures. ACC films are transformed into metastable (004) vaterite films on PCL and PMMA melts and are transformed into thermodynamically stable calcite (110) films on PC and PtBA substrates at 100 °C. On the basis of our results, we suggest that, in the melt phase, polymer chains containing ester groups trigger the formation of oriented vaterite films through interactions between the ester functionalities and ionic species present in ACC. In contrast, less reactive ester groups in polymer substrates, as well as esters in the solid phase, were found not to affect the kinetic growth of CaCO3 crystals in ACC in air. A comparison of the ACC film crystallization processes on PCL and PC established a dependency on the chain mobility of the polymers, and on PtBA and PMMA, it was confirmed that the ester group reactivity also affects the crystallization of ACC films.
First results of national screening program for colorectal cancers in Republic Croatia (2008)

Average rates of CRC incidence and mortality in Croatia are parallel to those in developed countries with unfortunately clear increase in incidence rate during the last 30 ys, for 364 percent from 1970 till 2004. What makes the situation in Croatia even worse in comparison to developed countries, is the high mortality rate, steadily reaching 60– 70% of incidence rate. The incidence rate CRC/100 000 inhabitants - 65/100 000 (2005), and mortality rate 40.6/100 000 2006). Incidence increases rapidly for the group aged 60 and older. Main reason: the most cases of cancer are detected too late and at advanced stage with poor prognosis. Five-years relative survival is 49% for men and 50% for women. Methods: National screening program for colorectal cancers started in September 2007. Study population: all inhabitants of Republic Croatia aged 50 – 75 who are at an average risk for CRC. Campaign targets: 1. Reducing colorectal cancer mortality 2. Cancer detection ; 3. Detection and cure all precancerous colorectal lesions ; 4. Detection of other colorectal diseases characterized by occult bleeding ; 5. Compliance of 60%. Plan of investigation: In the first two years the questionnaire (and FOBT) will be distributed to all people in Republic Croatia aged between 50 and 75 ys. Colonoscopy will be offered and organised for all FOBT- positive persons. For all FOBT-negative people, new FOBT and colonoscopy for positive patients will be repeated every two years. Anticipated numeric data of campaign: Total Croatian inhabitants - 4 600 000 ; aged 50– 74 - 1 200 000. Public Health Institutes are responsible for Program coordination. From September to February - distributed over 93.312 pcs. Returned from different counties: 23, 3% (10, 2 – 36, 6%) ; positive FOBT: 10, 9% (3, 8 – 32, 9%) ; Colonoscopy ordered 1559 ; already done 1062 ; canceled 219 ; Colonoscopy findings (preliminary report): Normal finding: 407 (38, 3%) ; Pathological findings (mostly polyps): 638 (58, 9%) ; Cancers: 58 (5, 5%). Characteristics of Croatian campaign in those first ten months showed low percentage of returned FOBT, with high number of pathologic findings (polyps and cancers). Main problems: very old population (we started with population aged 74 and 70 ys) and low Programs budget. The ultimate goal is to increase general awareness about CRC and the value of screening. That would increase compliance among people while decreasing the fear from examination. In that way colonoscopy would become an ordinary and acceptable diagnostic method as it is already for example mammography in breast cancer screening program.
FPGA with Improved Routability and Robustness in 130nm CMOS with Open-Source CAD Targetability (2017)

This paper outlines an FPGA VLSI design methodology that was used to realize a fully functioning FPGA chip in 130nm CMOS with improved routability and memory robustness. The architectural design space exploration and synthesis capability were enabled by the Verilog-to-Routing CAD tool. The capabilities of this tool were extended to enable bitstream generation and deployment. To validate the architecture and bitstream implementation, a Chisel (Constructing Hardware in the Embedded Scala Language) model of the FPGA was created to rapidly verify the microarchitectural details of the device prior to schematic design. A custom carrier board and configuration tool were used to verify correct operational characteristics of the FPGA over various resource utilizations and clock frequencies.
Self-sensing cantilevers with integrated conductive coaxial tips for high-resolution electrical scanning probe metrology (2015)

The lateral resolution of many electrical scanning probe techniques is limited by the spatial extent of the electrostatic potential profiles produced by their probes. Conventional unshielded conductive atomic force microscopy probes produce broad potential profiles. Shielded probes could offer higher resolution and easier data interpretation in the study of nanostructures. Electrical scanning probe techniques require a method of locating structures of interest, often by mapping surface topography. As the samples studied with these techniques are often photosensitive, the typical laser measurement of cantilever deflection can excite the sample, causing undesirable changes electrical properties. In this work, we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of probes that integrate coaxial tips for spatially sharp potential profiles with piezoresistors for self-contained, electrical displacement sensing. With the apex 100 nm above the sample surface, the electrostatic potential profile produced by our coaxial tips is more than 2 times narrower than that of unshielded tips with no long tails. In a scan bandwidth of 1 Hz–10 kHz, our probes have a displacement resolution of 2.9 Å at 293 K and 79 Å at 2 K, where the low-temperature performance is limited by amplifier noise. We show scanning gate microscopy images of a quantum point contact obtained with our probes, highlighting the improvement to lateral resolution resulting from the coaxial tip.
Progress in Photonic-Crystal Lasers (2019)

Photonic-crystal lasers have attracted much attention for their unrivaled capabilities, such as broad-area, coherent resonance, tailored beam patterns, and two-dimensional (2D) beam scanning. In this conference, we describe the recent progress of photonic crystal lasers including high-brightness operation, 2D beam scanning operation, and extension to GaN systems.
1.16 μs Continuously Tunable Optical Delay of a 100-Gb/s DQPSK Signal using Wavelength Conversion and Chromatic Dispersion in an HNLF (2010)

We demonstrate a tunable optical delay element using wavelength conversion in a highly nonlinear fiber, dispersion compensating fiber, and optical phase conjugation. A continuous delay of up to 1.16-μs equaling &gt;55,000 symbols at 50 Gb/s, for 100 Gb/s NRZ-DQPSK and 50 Gb/s NRZ-DPSK modulation formats, is demonstrated.
Dynamic Data Migration in Hybrid Main Memories for In-Memory Big Data Storage (2014)

For memory-based big data storage, using hybrid memories consisting of both dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and non-volatile random-access memories (NVRAMs) is a promising approach. DRAM supports low access time but consumes much energy, whereas NVRAMs have high access time but do not need energy to retain data. In this paper, we propose a new data migration method that can dynamically move data pages into the most appropriate memories to exploit their strengths and alleviate their weaknesses. We predict the access frequency values of the data pages and then measure comprehensively the gains and costs of each placement choice based on these predicted values. Next, we compute the potential benefits of all choices for each candidate page to make page migration decisions. Extensive experiments show that our method improves over the existing ones the access response time by as much as a factor of four, with similar rates of energy consumption.
DCAP: Improving the Capacity of WiFi Networks with Distributed Cooperative Access Points (2017)

This paper presents the Distributed Cooperative Access Points (DCAP) system that can simultaneously serve multiple clients using cooperative beamforming to increase the capacity of WiFi-type wireless networks. The distributed APs are connected by Ethernet and driven by independent low-cost local oscillators. To facilitate cooperative beamforming, we address three major challenges: the phase synchronization, the channel state information (CSI) measurement, and the user selection. Specifically, we develop 1) a cooperative tracking scheme to track signal phase drifts at symbol level without adding extra hardware complexity; 2) an incremental CSI estimation mechanism that removes the per-frame CSI measurement overhead of previous approaches; and 3) a simple random user selection algorithm that scales the network capacity linearly and delivers over 70 percent performance compared to the optimal but complex greedy algorithm. We implement DCAP on the Sora software radio platform and evaluate it in a wireless network with nine nodes. Experimental results show that the cooperative beamforming is feasible in practice, and our cooperative phase tracking can ensure strict phase alignment (≤ 0.03 radian) among APs during the entire beamforming period (1.2 ms). Otherwise, without tracking, phases may drift by 0.3 radian over merely 600 μs, causing that the symbol SNR decreases as large as 20 dB.
Local control of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in (Ga,Mn)As microdevices: Demonstration in current-induced switching (2007)

The large saturation magnetization in conventional dense moment ferromagnets offers a flexible means of manipulating the ordered state through demagnetizing shape anisotropy fields, but these dipolar fields, in turn, limit the integrability of magnetic elements in information storage devices. We show that in a (Ga,Mn)As dilute-moment ferromagnet, with comparatively weaker magnetic dipole interactions, locally tunable magnetocrystalline anisotropy can take the role of the internal field which determines the magnetic configuration. Experiments and theoretical modeling are presented for lithographically patterned microchannels, and the phenomenon is attributed to lattice relaxations across the channels. The utility of locally controlled magnetic anisotropies is demonstrated in current-induced switching experiments. We report structure sensitive, current-induced in-plane magnetization switchings well below the Curie temperature at critical current densities $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{5}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{A}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. The observed phenomenology shows signatures of a contribution from domain-wall spin-transfer-torque effects.