gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmission electron microscopy of 3F/PMDA-polypropylene oxide triblock copolymer based nanofoams (1997)

Transmission electron microscopy was performed on a polymeric nanofoam material, derived from a triblock copolymer composed of a fluorinated polyimide center block, 3F/PMDA (derived from pyromelletic dianhydride (PMDA) and 1,1-bis(4-aminophenyl)-1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (3F)) and polypropylene oxide (PO) end blocks. The cast and imidized polymer exhibits a microphase-separated morphology consisting of PO microdomains within a polyimide matrix. The final nanofoam material is obtained by decomposing PO microdomains into low molecular weight products, which diffuse out of the polyimide matrix leaving nanometer length scale voids. Ruthenium tetroxide staining prior to microscopy was used to enhance the contrast between the 3F/PMDA matrix and the PO microdomains or voids, which permitted a more detailed view of the microstructure of both the foamed and unfoamed materials. From the power spectra of the micrographs, spatial correlation between the PO microdomains in the unfoamed material and between the voids in the foam were found. An interdomain separation distance of ca. 37 nm was observed. Analysis of the image yielded an average area of 411 nm2 for the PO domains. The analysis indicated that the PO domains were oblong, having average major and minor dimensions of 35 and 12.5 nm, respectively. An autocorrelation of the image showed that the domain center of masses were positioned 41 nm apart, in close agreement with the domain spacing (ca. 37 nm) found as described above. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1067–1076, 1997
Airflow Uniformity Through Perforated Tiles in a Raised-Floor Data Center (2005)

The maximum equipment power density (e.g. in power/rack or power/area) that may be deployed in a typical raised-floor data center is limited by perforated tile airflow. In the design of a data center cooling system, a simple estimate of mean airflow per perforated tile is typically made based on the number of CRAC’s and number of perforated tiles (and possibly a leakage airflow estimate). However, in practice, many perforated tiles may deliver substantially more or less than the mean, resulting in, at best, inefficiencies and, at worst, equipment failure due to inadequate cooling. Consequently, the data center designer needs to estimate the magnitude of variations in perforated tile airflow prior to construction or renovation. In this paper, over 240 CFD models are analyzed to determine the impact of data-center design parameters on perforated tile airflow uniformity. The CFD models are based on actual data center floor plans and the CFD model is verified by comparison to experimental test data. Perforated tile type and the presence of plenum obstructions have the greatest potential influence on airflow uniformity. Floor plan, plenum depth, and airflow leakage rate have modest effect on uniformity and total airflow rate (or average plenum pressure) has virtually no effect. Good uniformity may be realized by using more restrictive (e.g. 25%-open) perforated tiles, minimizing obstructions and leakage airflow, using deeper plenums, and using rectangular floor plans with standard hot aisle/cold aisle arrangements.
Novel Stimulation Protocols based on Phase Resetting Principles: Applications to Magnetoencephalography and Deep Brain Stimulation (2004)

Recently, stimulation techniques have been developed which enable one to reliably manipulate synchronization processes between and within oscillatory neuronal populations by means of a coordinated reset of neuronal sub-populations [1, 2]. In addition, a stochastic phase resetting analysis has been developed which makes it possible to detect the corresponding complex responses and transient synchronization and desynchronization processes in experimental data [3]. The talk presents two applications: (i) Visual stimulation in humans: In a full-field pattern reversal task we studied transient synchronization and desynchronization between visual areas V1 and V5 in eight healthy subjects with magnetoencephalography [5, 6]. We observed cross-trial (CT) response clustering (i.e., a switching between qualitatively different responses across trials [1, 3]) in V1 and/or V5 in all subjects. Our approach shows that, apart from a simple early reset, the visual stimulus causes long-lasting (>2s) coordinated responses in V1 and V5 which escape detection with standard averaging. (ii) Deep brain stimulation (DBS): permanent DBS at high frequencies turned out to be the standard therapy for patients suffering from neurological diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease and essential tremor) who do not respond to drug therapy [7]. Standard DBS appears to basically suppress the neuronal firing in relevant target areas. It may cause side effects and its therapeutic effect may vanish in the course of the therapy. To develop milder and more effective DBS techniques, we have applied the novel stimulation methods [2] to 4 tremor patients during electrode implantation. The novel stimulation protocols desynchronize the neuronal firing in the target areas. In all 4 patients the coordinated reset suppressed the peripheral tremor, even if the standard DBS was not effective [4]. References: [1] Tass PA. Phys Rev E 2003; 67: 051902. [2] Tass PA. Biol Cybern 2003; 89: 81–88. [3] Tass PA. Phys Rev E 2004; 69: 051909. [4] Tass PA et al. submitted. [5] Barnikol UB et al. in preparation. [6] Tass PA et al. in preparation. [7] Benabid AL et al. The Lancet 1991; 337: 403–406.
Relationship Between Mesenteric Abnormalities on Computed Tomography and Malignancy (2012)

In the presence of an underlying disease associated with these findings, the subsequent finding of a malignancy is less likely. In addition, neglect of these findings may result in delayed diagnosis of cancer.
Microfluidic flow cytometry: The role of microfabrication methodologies, performance and functional specification (2018)

Flow cytometry is an invaluable tool utilized in modern biomedical research and clinical applications requiring high throughput, high resolution particle analysis for cytometric characterization and/or sorting of cells and particles as well as for analyzing results from immunocytometric assays. In recent years, research has focused on developing microfluidic flow cytometers with the motivation of creating smaller, less expensive, simpler, and more autonomous alternatives to conventional flow cytometers. These devices could ideally be highly portable, easy to operate without extensive user training, and utilized for research purposes and/or point-of-care diagnostics especially in limited resource facilities or locations requiring on-site analyses. However, designing a device that fulfills the criteria of high throughput analysis, automation and portability, while not sacrificing performance is not a trivial matter. This review intends to present the current state of the field and provide considerations for further improvement by focusing on the key design components of microfluidic flow cytometers. The recent innovations in particle focusing and detection strategies are detailed and compared. This review outlines performance matrix parameters of flow cytometers that are interdependent with each other, suggesting trade offs in selection based on the requirements of the applications. The ongoing contribution of microfluidics demonstrates that it is a viable technology to advance the current state of flow cytometry and develop automated, easy to operate and cost-effective flow cytometers.
ChemInform Abstract: New Stereospecific Method of Synthesis of (Sp)‐ and (Rp)‐Dinucleoside‐( 3′,5′) Methanephosphonates. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Remission of peanut allergy is associated with rewiring of allergen‐driven T helper 2‐related gene networks (2022)

The immunological changes underlying remission following peanut oral immunotherapy are mediated by reprogramming of T helper 2-associated gene networks in the CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell compartment. Findings provide insight into immune mechanisms driving the acquisition of remission following oral immunotherapy, paving the way for the development of improved approaches to induce remission/sustained unresponsiveness in patients with food allergy.
Negative Ion Chemical Ionization (NICI) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Quantitative evaluation of the stability and delivery of interleukin-1B by infusion. (1990)

The stability and delivery of IL-1 beta has been characterized in a polypropylene based syringe pump infusion system and in polyvinyl chloride based infusion bags, at concentrations ranging from 100 ng/mL to 1 microgram/mL. At higher concentrations (1 microgram/mL), minimal drug loss was observed in both systems. At low doses (100 ng/mL) in the syringe-pump system, the addition of 1% human serum albumin was necessary to prevent significant drug absorption to the polypropylene drug reservoir.
Codes preventing quasi-catastrophic error propagation in partial-response systems (1995)

The problem of preventing quasi-catastrophic error propagation in maximum-likelihood and reduced-state sequence detection for multilevel partial-response channels with transfer functions (1-D/sup P/) and (1+D/sup P/) is studied. M-ary channel input sequences that limit the length of minimum distance error events to L symbols are exhaustively characterized by finite-state transition diagrams. An efficient procedure for computing the capacity associated with these transition diagrams is given. Efficient constrained codes that can be readily implemented by finite-state encoders and block decoders with small error propagation are constructed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The C++ embeddable rule system (2002)

Most rule execution environments, having been derived from LISP, inference on internally defined data types and come packaged with stand-alone development environments. Data derived from outside these systems must be reformatted before they can be evaluated. This mismatch leads to a duplicate representation of data, which, in turn, introduces both performance and semantic problems. A description is given of a C++ embeddable rule system (CERS) which avoid this mismatch. CERS is a compiled, forward-chaining rule system that inferences directly on arbitrary C++ objects. CERS can be viewed as an extension of C++, where object methods can be defined either procedurally or declaratively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
11.1: Invited Paper: Narrow‐Band Phosphors for Next Generation MiniLED and MicroLED Displays (2021)

Both phosphors and quantum dots are currently used in liquid crystal displays (LCDs), with GE's KSF narrow red phosphor demonstrating the best possible red color point, reliability, and efficiency. Next generation miniLED and microLED based displays require excellent color quality (gamut) and high brightness which will require color conversion materials with high EQE and narrow emission peaks. Here we describe recent advancements in narrow‐band phosphors which are being implemented in next‐generation miniLED displays, and being considered for enabling full‐color microLED displays of thefuture due to their excellent optical performance and robust nature.
EyeSayCorrect: Eye Gaze and Voice Based Hands-free Text Correction for Mobile Devices (2022)

Text correction on mobile devices usually requires precise and repetitive manual control. In this paper, we present EyeSayCorrect, an eye gaze and voice based hands-free text correction method for mobile devices. To correct text with EyeSayCorrect, the user first utilizes the gaze location on the screen to select a word, then speaks the new phrase. EyeSayCorrect would then infer the user's correction intention based on the inputs and the text context. We used a Bayesian approach for determining the selected word given an eye-gaze trajectory. Given each sampling point in an eye-gaze trajectory, the posterior probability of selecting a word is calculated and accumulated. The target word would be selected when its accumulated interest is larger than a threshold. The misspelt words have higher priors. Our user studies showed that using priors for misspelt words reduced the task completion time up to 23.79% and the text selection time up to 40.35%, and EyeSayCorrect is a feasible hands-free text correction method on mobile devices.
Indications, Timing, and Patient Selection (2016)

Abstract Indications for renal replacement therapy (RRT) fall into two broad categories, so-called “renal” (i.e., to specifically address the consequences of renal failure) and “nonrenal” (without necessitating renal failure). Although the distinction is not always precise, it is a reasonably easy way to categorize indications for RRT.
Intracerebroventricular Administration of N-Acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) Peptidase Inhibitors is Analgesic in Inflammatory Pain (2008)

These data contribute to proof of the concept that NAAG peptidase inhibition is a novel therapeutic approach to inflammatory pain and that these inhibitors achieve analgesia by elevating synaptic levels of NAAG within pain processing circuits in brain.
PCSK6 and Survival in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2022)

Abstract Rationale Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease characterized by limited treatment options and high mortality. Novel therapies and prognostic biomarkers are needed. Objective To identify and validate molecular determinants of IPF survival. Methods A staged genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using paired genomic and survival data. Stage I cases were drawn from centers across the US and Europe and stage II cases from Vanderbilt University. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify gene variants associated with differential transplant-free survival (TFS). Stage I variants with nominal significance ( p &lt;5×10 −5 ) were advanced for stage II testing and meta-analyzed to identify those reaching genome-wide significance ( p &lt;5×10 −8 ). Downstream analyses were performed for genes and proteins associated with variants reaching genome-wide significance. Main Results After quality controls, 1481 stage I cases and 397 stage II cases were included in the analysis. After filtering, 9,075,629 variants were tested in stage I, with 158 meeting advancement criteria. Four variants associated with TFS with consistent effect direction were identified in stage II, including one in an intron of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6 ( PCSK6 ) reaching genome-wide significance (HR 4.11; 95%CI 2.54-6.67; p =9.45×10 −9 ). PCSK6 protein was highly expressed in IPF lung parenchyma and negatively correlated with survival. Peripheral blood PCSK6 gene expression and plasma concentration were associated with reduced transplant-free survival. Conclusions We identified four novel variants associated with IPF survival, including one in PCSK6 that reached genome-wide significance. Downstream analyses suggested that PCSK6 protein may serve as prognostic biomarker in IPF and potential therapeutic target.
Continuous flow metal-free oxidation of picolines using air (2012)

The metal free, direct oxidation of 2-, 3-, and 4-picoline to the corresponding carboxylic acid using either oxygen or air has been developed under continuous flow conditions. Complete conversion for all three substrates was obtained at moderate temperatures and pressures within minutes.
A 2 ns 1 Mb CMOS mask ROM (2003)

A description is given of a high-performance 1-Mb CMOS mask ROM with access time as fast as 29 ns. The fast access is achieved through bit line capacitance reduction, sensitive amplifier design, and the use of double-metal interconnection. Delta-I noise and the electrostatic discharge (ESD) susceptibility problem have been solved. The process and device, cell structure, peripheral circuits, and sense amplifier and output buffer are described. >
Lack of effect of intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA, prasterone) on the endometrium in postmenopausal women (2015)

After cessation of estradiol secretion by the ovaries at menopause, the estrogens made by mechanisms of intracrinology are inactivated intracellularly at their site of formation and action, thus maintaining serum estradiol at biologically inactive concentrations to avoid stimulation of the endometrium. The absence of enzymes that are able to transform DHEA into estrogens in the endometrium explains the typical endometrial atrophy in all normal postmenopausal women in the presence of variable concentrations of circulating endogenous DHEA. According to these mechanisms, the inactive sex steroid precursor DHEA administered intravaginally acts exclusively in the vagina, whereas all serum sex steroids remain well within the biologically inactive postmenopausal reference range, thus avoiding any stimulation of the already atrophic endometrium.
Reduced complexity for back-propagation method algorithm (2011)

We analyze a novel strategy to reduce the computational complexity of the back-propagation method with negligible system performance degradation considering different fiber types.
Spatial databases-accomplishments and research needs (1999)

Spatial databases, addressing the growing data management and analysis needs of spatial applications such as geographic information systems, have been an active area of research for more than two decades. This research has produced a taxonomy of models for space, spatial data types and operators, spatial query languages and processing strategies, as well as spatial indexes and clustering techniques. However, more research is needed to improve support for network and field data, as well as query processing (e.g., cost models, bulk load). Another important need is to apply spatial data management accomplishments to newer applications, such as data warehouses and multimedia information systems. The objective of this paper is to identify recent accomplishments and associated research needs of the near term.
review NF-κB activation by protein kinase C isoforms and B-cell function (2003)

B cells are essential to the immune response in health and disease. Results from knockout (KO) mice for different members of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family have highlighted the importance of this transcription factor in B cell development and function. The recent generation of additional KO mice for adapters and kinases implicated in NF-κB activation, including several protein kinase C isoforms, has provided new insights into the roles of these proteins in B cell signalling. These studies have also given rise to a number of important questions that must be answered with further experimentation to establish accurately the signalling pathways that regulate B-cell function through NF-κB.
Electrolyte-gated polymer thin film transistors making use of ionic liquids and ionic liquid-solvent mixtures (2015)

Electrolyte-Gated (EG) transistors, making use of electrolytes as the gating medium, are interesting for their low operation voltage. Furthermore, EG polymer transistors offer the advantage of solution processing, low cost, and mechanical flexibility. Despite the intense research activity in EG transistors, clear guidelines to correlate the properties of the materials used for the transistor channel and electrolytes with the doping effectiveness of the transistor channel are yet to be clearly established. Here, we investigate the use of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) based on the [TFSI] anion (namely, [EMIM][TFSI], [BMIM][TFSI], and [PYR14][TFSI]), to gate transistors making use of MEH-PPV as the channel material. Morphological studies of MEH-PPV and RTIL films showed a certain degree of segregation between the two components. All the EG transistors featured clear drain-source current modulations at voltages below 1 V. Polar solvent additives as propylene carbonate were used to improve the transistor response time.
Longitudinal unzipped carbon nanotubes with high specific surface area and trimodal pore structure (2016)

This study reports unzipped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a trimodal (micro–meso–macro) pore structure using KOH as the activating agent.
<title>Data-processing improvements for photomask pattern generators</title> (1996)

The performance of optical pattern generators as well as other lithographic tools was often limited by the performance of the data processing equipment and software used to control these tools. In fact, many performance attributes of modern pattern generators is due to the power and flexibility of the modern computers and software. For example, imperfections in the stage travel due to the mechanical components are often mapped out and corrected for in the control software. When key components are upgraded, these older tools regain useful life, at relatively low cost, for research and development and certain production applications. This paper describes modifications which have been made to a GCA 3600F pattern generator resulting in improved performance in key categories such as reliability and throughput. The modifications have been done to the operating system, data storage subsystem, job creation and monitoring system. Also, a generator has been constructed to simplify production of photomasks consisting primarily of regular arrayed patterns.
Mode conversion effects in multi-Gbps telecommunications blade system (2009)

Prediction of radiation from multilayer circuit boards is an important problem which is of interest to the design of digital system such as servers. In particular, signal mode conversion as the result of undesired imbalances in the board interconnects plays a significant role in the generation of noise emission. In this paper, we investigate methods for modeling common/differential mode conversion from relatively complex interconnection structures in a multi-Gbps system using a systematic approach. The strong correlation of good signal integrity practices to electromagnetic emission is discussed with emphasis on key structure contributors. The electrical modeling of key contributors (such as vias, connectors, traces, manufacturing techniques, etc.) to undesired mode conversion effects is also presented in a telecommunication blade environment.