gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nervous system therapies classification through the tridimensional vision of substance, information and energy (2015)

During its millenary approximation of reality, of understanding and conquering nature, the human knowledge has operated successively with the notions and concepts of substance, energy and information as different properties of substance and objective reality. It is known that there are different qualitative levels of organization for information within which the nervous system represent the highest level of complexity. Information has various levels of organization and different structures in the same manner as substance has distinct levels of evolvement and progress. The authors present a literature review for the classification of the nervous system therapies through the tridimensional vision of substance, information and energy.
Minimax Learning for Distributed Inference (2020)

The classical problem of supervised learning is to infer an accurate estimate of a target variable Y from a measured variable X using a set of labeled training samples. Motivated by the increasingly distributed nature of data and decision making, this paper considers a variation of this classical problem in which the inference is distributed between two nodes, e.g., a mobile device and a cloud, with a rate constraint on the communication between them. The mobile device observes X and sends a description M of X to the cloud, which computes an estimate Y̑ of Y. We follow the recent minimax learning approach to study this inference problem and show that it corresponds to a one-shot minimax noisy lossy source coding problem. We then establish information theoretic bounds on the risk-rate Lagrangian cost, leading to a general method for designing a near-optimal descriptor-estimator pair. A key ingredient in the proof of our result is a refined version of the strong functional representation lemma previously used to establish several one-shot source coding theorems. Our results show that a naive estimate-compress scheme for rate-constrained inference is not optimal in general. When the distribution of (X, Y) is known and the error is measured by the logarithmic loss, our bounds on the risk-rate Lagrangian cost provide a new one-shot operational interpretation of the information bottleneck. We also demonstrate a way to bound the excess risk of the descriptor-estimator pair obtained by our method.
A G/C Element Mediates Repression of the SM22α Promoter Within Phenotypically Modulated Smooth Muscle Cells in Experimental Atherosclerosis (2004)

A hallmark of smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching in atherosclerotic lesions is suppression of SMC differentiation marker gene expression. Yet little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms that control this process. Here we show that transcription of the SMC differentiation marker gene SM22alpha is reduced in atherosclerotic lesions and identify a cis regulatory element in the SM22alpha promoter required for this process. Transgenic mice carrying the SM22alpha promoter-beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) reporter transgene were crossed to apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-/- mice. Cells of the fibrous cap, intima, and underlying media showed complete loss of beta-gal activity in advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Of major significance, mutation of a G/C-rich cis element in the SM22alpha promoter prevented the decrease in SM22alpha promoter-beta-gal reporter transgene expression, including in cells that compose the fibrous cap of the lesion and in medial cells in proximity to the lesion. To begin to assess mechanisms whereby the G/C repressor element mediates suppression of SM22alpha in atherosclerosis, we tested the hypothesis that effects may be mediated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced increases in the G/C binding transcription factor Sp1. Consistent with this hypothesis, results of studies in cultured SMCs showed that: (1) PDGF-BB increased expression of Sp1; (2) PDGF-BB and Sp1 profoundly suppressed SM22alpha promoter activity as well as smooth muscle myosin heavy chain promoter activity through mechanisms that were at least partially dependent on the G/C cis element; and (3) a short interfering RNA to Sp1 increased basal expression and attenuated PDGF-BB induced suppression of SM22alpha. Together, these results support a model whereby a G/C repressor element within the SM22alpha promoter mediates transcriptional repression of this gene within phenotypically modulated SMCs in experimental atherosclerosis and provide indirect evidence implicating PDGF-BB and Sp1 as possible mediators of these effects.
Double Emulsion Character with PFG-NMR- Methods: WOW and OWO (2015)

Double emulsions are of high scientific interest, especially in the field of functional foods. In a first approach, these dispersed systems are described by structural parameters, chemical composition and diffusion parameters. Progress has been made in the characterisation of double emulsions by means of diverse NMR methods with respect to droplet size distribution (DSD), disperse phase ratios (DPR) and molecular exchange (ME) of WOW- and OWO-double emulsions. However, both double emulsion types exhibit different NMR-properties, such that the PFG-NMR methods have to be adapted for the special needs of these systems. Different NMR sequences and data processing steps are compared for OWO and WOW double emulsions. Methods to determine DSD, DPR and ME – relevant for description und understanding of release – are presented and compared with findings from alternative measuring techniques. In this work, diverse NMR methods were summarised to characterise both double emulsion types, WOW and OWO. PFG-NMR is a powerful tool to investigate the structural parameters of double emulsions. The inner DSD and DPR can be determined after the production. NMR relaxometry, using paramagnetic relaxation agents, delivers information about diffusion mechanisms on the molecular scale, which reveals deep insights into molecular diffusion phenomena.
Rieger's Anomaly and Other Ocular Abnormalities in Association with Osteogenesis Imperfecta and aCOL1A1Mutation (2005)

A patient with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and some features of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome had Rieger's anomaly and other associated ocular abnormalities. He carried a COL1A1 mutation (c.3313delA) that has only rarely been seen in OI. The association of ocular anterior chamber abnormalities with OI has not been reported previously, while OI with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome features has only been described in some kindreds. The patient had serious complications as a result of his ocular anomalies. We speculate that the course of his disease and, perhaps, its co-existence with OI could be exacerbated by his collagen type-I defect, although no causality can be established by this report of a single case.
Retro‐Diels–Alder Reactions of Masked Cyclopentadienones Catalyzed by Heterogeneous Brønsted Acids (2010)

Abstract The zeolite H‐Beta catalyzes the retro‐Diels–Alder reaction of a range of cyclopentadiene cyclo‐adducts at moderate temperatures and ambient pressure, in the presence of an active dienophile. The active catalyst was identified and optimum reaction conditions established after screening a range of zeolites in the retro‐Diels–Alder reaction of the cyclopentadiene adduct of cyclopentenone. Our results suggest that retro‐Diels–Alder reactions of tricyclodecadienones are catalyzed by Brønsted acids and the high catalytic performance of H‐Beta catalysts can be ascribed to the optimal balance between the number of acid sites and their strength as well as to the accessibility of these sites. The methodology was then applied to a series of alkyl derivatives of cyclopentadienylcyclopentenones to provide a viable alternative synthetic route to 4‐alkylcyclopentenones and the versatility of the approach was demonstrated by the successful cycloreversion of N ‐cyclohexyl‐2‐azanorborn‐5‐ene.
T¨ urkce Haber B¨ ultenleri icin Dil Modelleme Yaklas¸imlarinin Kars¸ilastirmasi Comparison of Language Modeling Approaches for Turkish Broadcast News (2008)

In this paper, we investigate the performance of several lan- guage modeling approaches on a speech recognition system for Turkish Broadcast News. The agglutinative structure of Turk- ish introduces a high out-of-vocabulary rate and hence increases word error rate. To eliminate out-of-vocabulary problem, we utilize various sub-word models. In addition, we experiment with high vocabulary sizes. Since the models are statistical, we expect an improvement in performance as the amount of train- ing data increases. We build word and sub-word language mod- els using various amounts of corpora and compare their recog- nition performance.
Temperature dependent structured absorption spectra of molecular chlorine (2011)

A dual wavelength range spectrometer system has been designed and constructed which can simultaneously perform single pass UV absorption spectroscopy and cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy in the green region of the visible spectrum. Using the system the absorption spectrum of molecular chlorine has been measured, in the wavelength range 509-570 nm, using cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. Absolute absorption cross sections were obtained by simultaneous measurement of the UV spectrum to obtain the Cl(2) concentration. These are the first temperature dependent measurements of the Cl(2) absorption cross sections in this region which are vibronically resolved. Laboratory measurements were conducted at four temperatures (298, 273, 233, and 197 K). Spectral modelling of the Cl(2) B(3)Π(0(u)(+))-X(1)Σ(g)(+) electronic transition has been performed, the results of which are in good agreement with our measured spectra.
Nanoparticles for tumor-specific intracellular drug delivery (2009)

While intraperitoneal (IP) therapy of ovarian cancer is a theoretically promising treatment option, it is not clinically well accepted due to the several challenges in IP drug delivery. Nanoparticles are promising drug carriers, which may alleviate the difficulties in IP chemotherapy. However, currently available nanoparticles need to be further improved to fulfill the following requirements: (i) they must remain non-interactive with normal cells and prevent the payload from premature leaking; (ii) once the drug carriers reach the tumor, they should enter the cells efficiently and release the drug in the cells to effectively kill the targeted cells. Our recent observation indicates that a popular nanoparticle system fails these expectations by large margin. For safe and effective IP chemotherapy, new types of carriers and/or surface modification strategies are urgently needed.
Determinants of stress shielding: design versus materials versus interface. (1992)

Experimental studies of cementless porous-coated total hip arthroplasty indicate that a critical design variable for femoral remodeling is stem stiffness. In the long term (two years) in the canine model, other variables, including the presence, type, and placement of the porous coating, did not significantly affect the pattern of bone remodeling when tested with metallic stems. The basic pattern of bone remodeling was characterized by proximal cortical atrophy, and distal cortical and medullary bone hypertrophy. In the short term (six months), the use of low-stiffness stems altered this pattern, leading to reduced proximal bone loss, increased proximal medullary bone hypertrophy, and no distal cortical hypertrophy, suggesting that stem stiffness had a profound effect on stress shielding.
Modeling the diffusion of implanted Be in GaAs (1995)

The diffusion of implanted Be in liquid-encapsulated Czochralski GaAs samples is modeled using SUPREM-IV.GS, a simulator for GaAs and Si processing technology. The ‘‘plus one’’ approach for defect generation after implantation, as well as an assumption of local Ga interstitial sinks, are used to successfully simulate the high Be diffusivity, the uphill diffusion and the time-dependent Be diffusivity. The fast diffusion of implanted Be can be simulated using the same intrinsic Be diffusivity as that used in the simulation of the slow diffusion of molecular beam epitaxy grown-in Be. The roles of extended defects and nonequilibrium Ga point defects in the implanted Be anomalous diffusion behavior are taken into account.
Rapid Improvement after Starting Elexacaftor–Tezacaftor–Ivacaftor in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and Advanced Pulmonary Disease (2021)

<b>Rationale:</b> Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor is a CFTR (cystic fibrosis [CF] transmembrane conductance regulator) modulator combination, developed for patients with CF with at least one Phe508del mutation. <b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate the effects of elexacaftor-tezacaftor- ivacaftor in patients with CF and advanced respiratory disease. <b>Methods:</b> A prospective observational study, including all patients aged ⩾12 years and with a percent-predicted FEV<sub>1</sub> (ppFEV<sub>1</sub>) <40 who initiated elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor from December 2019 to August 2020 in France was conducted. Clinical characteristics were collected at initiation and at 1 and 3 months. Safety and effectiveness were evaluated by September 2020. National-level transplantation and mortality figures for 2020 were obtained from the French CF and transplant centers and registries. <b>Measurements and Main Results:</b> Elexacaftor-tezacaftor- ivacaftor was initiated in 245 patients with a median (interquartile range) ppFEV<sub>1</sub> = 29 (24-34). The mean (95% confidence interval) absolute increase in the ppFEV<sub>1</sub> was +15.1 (+13.8 to +16.4; <i>P</i> < 0.0001), and the mean (95% confidence interval) in weight was +4.2 kg (+3.9 to +4.6; <i>P</i> < 0.0001). The number of patients requiring long-term oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, and/or enteral tube feeding decreased by 50%, 30%, and 50%, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Although 16 patients were on the transplant waiting list and 37 were undergoing transplantation evaluation at treatment initiation, only 2 received a transplant, and 1 died. By September 2020, only five patients were still on the transplantation path. Compared with the previous 2 years, a twofold decrease in the number of lung transplantations in patients with CF was observed in 2020, whereas the number of deaths without transplantation remained stable. <b>Conclusions:</b> In patients with advanced disease, elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor is associated with rapid clinical improvement, often leading to the indication for lung transplantation being suspended.
Toward a Flexible, Environmentally Conscious, on Demand High Performance Computing Service (2011)

This work is related with planning and implementation of an on demand computing service which is able to obtain a right trade-off among management cost reduction, environmental sustainability and user satisfaction.
Optimal resource allocation for smart-grid powered MIMO broadcast channels (2015)

A novel framework is proposed for optimal resource management in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) downlink systems with smart-grid capabilities. Practical models are put forth to account for the stochastic renewable energy sources (RES), dynamic energy prices, as well as random wireless channels. Capitalizing on these models, a resource allocation task is formulated as an optimization problem that aims at maximizing the weighted sum-rate of MIMO broadcast channels. In addition to storage units accommodating the RES variability, a budget constraint is imposed for the worst-case energy transaction cost. Leveraging the information-theoretic uplink-downlink duality and Lagrange dual based subgradient method, an efficient algorithm is tailored to obtain the optimal strategy.
Experimental study on micro/macro manipulator vibration control (2002)

This work investigates issues related to vibration control in a micro/macro manipulator. This paper provides experimental results obtained by the combination of two dissimilar flexible control techniques to a micro/macro flexible link testbed. Inertial damping and command filtering techniques are implemented simultaneously to form a robust controller that results in minimal residual vibration due to commanded movements or external excitations. Experimental results show the effectiveness of both control techniques in their individual state as well as the improved performance resulting from their combination. The experimental results of the combined controller clearly show the advantages of each technique.
Vagal tonic activity modulates immune suppression in sepsis survivors (2018)

Abstract Sepsis survivors exhibit persistent immune dysfunction and compromised quality of life with premature mortality due to increased vulnerability to infections. Previously we demonstrated in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model, sepsis survivors had a reduced TNFα response to LPS-challenge in vivo. The vagus nerve is known to modulate TNFα production. To evaluate the role of the vagus nerve in the diminished TNFα production, sepsis-surviving mice were subjected to bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy 2 weeks post-CLP. CLP-surviving vagotomized mice exhibit increased (p&amp;lt;0.05) TNFα levels in response to LPS-challenge 4 weeks post surgery compared to CLP. Moreover, vagus nerve stimulation in sham mice dampened (p&amp;lt;0.05) the LPS-induced TNFα response while it had no effect in CLP-surviving mice; suggesting that vagus nerve signaling is constitutively active in CLP-sepsis survivors. To identify whether there was an alteration in the number of acetylcholine-producing T cells that relay the vagus signal to splenic macrophages, we used ChAT-EGFP mice. Our findings show that the frequency of splenic ChAT-EGFP+ cells among memory CD4+CD44highCD62LlowT cells is increased (p&amp;lt;0.001) in CLP-surviving mice compared to sham, and vagotomy in these mice resulted in decreased (p&amp;lt;0.01) frequency of ChAT-EGFP+ cells, buttressing the conclusion that the vagus nerve is constitutively firing action potentials to activate more ChAT+ T cells. Methyllycaconitine, the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, increased (p&amp;lt;0.01) LPS-induced TNFα secretion in CLP-surviving mice compared to saline treated-CLP. In summary, our study demonstrates that altered vagus nerve activity contributes to the immune impairment in sepsis survivors.
High-speed coherent switching in fine grains (2001)

The effect of the relative head-to-medium velocity on the switching dynamics of individual grains is studied using the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation of motion. The coercive field of a grain may increase or decrease with velocity depending on the direction of crystal anisotropy. An asymmetry is present and the coercivity of an ensemble of grains with random in-plane anisotropy is found to increase, in agreement with measurements on a CoCr longitudinal magnetic recording medium.
Tcl1 interacts with Atm and enhances NF-κB activation in hematologic malignancies (2011)

The T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1 (TCL1) oncogene is a target of chromosomal translocations and inversions at 14q31.2, and its rearrangement in T cells causes T-cell prolymphocytic leukemias. TCL1 dysregulation in B cells is responsible for the development of an aggressive form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common human leukemia. We have investigated the mechanisms underlying the oncogenic functions of Tcl1 protein using a mass spectrometry approach and have identified Atm (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) as a candidate Tcl1-interacting protein. The Tcl1-Atm complex formation was validated by coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Importantly, we show that the association of Atm with Tcl1 leads to enhanced IκBα phosphorylation and ubiquitination and subsequent activation of the NF-κB pathway. Our findings reveal functional cross-talk between Atm and Tcl1 and provide evidence for a novel pathway that could be targeted in leukemias and lymphomas.
PivotPaths: Strolling through Faceted Information Spaces (2012)

We present PivotPaths, an interactive visualization for exploring faceted information resources. During both work and leisure, we increasingly interact with information spaces that contain multiple facets and relations, such as authors, keywords, and citations of academic publications, or actors and genres of movies. To navigate these interlinked resources today, one typically selects items from facet lists resulting in abrupt changes from one subset of data to another. While filtering is useful to retrieve results matching specific criteria, it can be difficult to see how facets and items relate and to comprehend the effect of filter operations. In contrast, the PivotPaths interface exposes faceted relations as visual paths in arrangements that invite the viewer to `take a stroll' through an information space. PivotPaths supports pivot operations as lightweight interaction techniques that trigger gradual transitions between views. We designed the interface to allow for casual traversal of large collections in an aesthetically pleasing manner that encourages exploration and serendipitous discoveries. This paper shares the findings from our iterative design-and-evaluation process that included semi-structured interviews and a two-week deployment of PivotPaths applied to a large database of academic publications.
Investigation of Tip Leakage Vortex Breakdown in a High-Speed Multistage Axial Compressor (2022)

Abstract In this paper, an unsteady tip leakage flow instability is identified and investigated for an axial compressor at near surge conditions. We describe the results of experimental verification of a new compressor developed by improving the blade geometry based on the criterion for the occurrence of this unsteady phenomenon. In a high-speed multistage axial flow compressor having a subsonic high stagger rotor blade, a surge test was carried out by changing the tip clearance. Under a condition of large tip clearance, a drastic decrease in static pressure rise coefficient near the surge point was observed. At this operating condition, large, unsteady pressure fluctuation at the blade tip was confirmed, and the occurrence of tip leakage vortex breakdown that was clarified by unsteady multipoint pressure measurement and detailed unsteady numerical simulations. Due to the blockage effect caused by vortex breakdown of the tip leakage, double leakage and axially reversed flow near the trailing edge was observed. It is found that the vortex breakdown region of the tip leakage vortex propagated in the circumferential direction and caused the rotating instability. In order to investigate the relationship between this unsteady flow phenomenon, tip clearance size and flow pattern, unsteady calculation was conducted by changing the blade tip stagger and tip clearance size. A new concept of tip clearance of staggered pitch reference is proposed, which makes it possible to include the effect of blade loading on the clearance and clarifies that there exists a threshold at which vortex breakdown occurs/does not occur. On the basis of the above results, a high-speed multi-stage improved compressor was designed and manufactured to prevent tip leakage vortex breakdown. A clearance change test using active clearance control technology was conducted and increase in the static pressure rise coefficient near the surge point was confirmed for each clearance. The design concept of the improved blade which suppressed the unsteady tip leakage flow instability was tested and verified, and the effectiveness of the design guideline in actual gas turbines for power generation was confirmed.
A rapidly deployed, interactive, online visualization system to support fatality management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (2020)

This dashboard facilitates fatality management by visualizing county and regional aggregate statistics in North Carolina.