gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electroless Deposition of Silver by Galvanic Displacement on Aluminum Alloyed with Copper (2004)

In this paper, a procedure is described for the electroless deposition of silver on films containing 99.5% aluminum and 0.5% copper. The deposition proceeds in the absence of external reducing agents via the galvanic displacement mechanism by which silver cations are reduced and copper is oxidized. Although aluminum is a stronger reducing agent than copper, the galvanic displacement of aluminum by silver is not observed with pure (99.997%) aluminum substrates. By alloying aluminum with copper, aluminum films are made amenable to electroless deposition of silver by galvanic displacement. To generate a clean surface for electroless deposition with a controlled and minimal thickness of surface oxide, the aluminum films alloyed with copper are anodized in oxalic acid and etched in a mixture of chromic and phosphoric acids. Thinning of the barrier aluminum oxide during etching and deposition of silver particles are monitored with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Analysis of EIS data indicates that deposition of silver particles for 3 h dramatically increases the interfacial capacitance from 5 to 6 μF/cm2, characteristic for a thin layer of barrier aluminum oxide, to 30−40 μF/cm2, typical for metal electrode surfaces. Scanning electron micrographs show that electroless deposition results in the formation of films composed of silver particles. These films can be employed for the fabrication of miniature silver−zinc batteries, optical devices for surface enhanced Raman scattering and FT-IR spectroscopy, composite materials with photocatalytic properties, and surfaces with anti-microbial properties.
Transcriptome‐Based Analysis of Molecular Pathways for Clusterin Functions in Kidney Cells (2016)

Clusterin (CLU) is a chaperone-like protein and plays a protective role against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI); however, the molecular pathways for its functions in the kidney are not fully understood. This study was designed to investigate CLU-mediating pathways in kidney cells by using bioinformatics analysis. CLU null renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) expressing human CLU cDNA (TEC-CLU(hCLU) ) or empty vector (TEC-CLU(-/-) ) were exposed to normoxia or hypoxia (1% O2 ). Transcriptome profiling with a significant twofold change was performed using SurePrint G3 Mouse Gene Expression 8 × 60 K microarray, and the signaling pathways was ranked by using Ingenuity pathway analysis. Here, we showed that compared to CLU null controls, ectopic expression of human CLU in CLU null kidney cells promoted cell growth but inhibited migration in normoxia, and enhanced cell survival in hypoxia. CLU expression affected expression of 3864 transcripts (1893 up-regulated) in normoxia and 3670 transcripts (1925 up-regulated) in hypoxia. CLU functions in normoxia were associated mostly with AKT2/PPP2R2B-dependent PI3K/AKT, PTEN, VEGF, and ERK/MAPK signaling and as well with GSK3B-mediated cell cycle progression. In addition to unfolded protein response (UPR) and/or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, CLU-enhanced cell survival in hypoxia was also associated with PIK3CD/MAPK1-dependent PI3K/AKT, HIF-α, PTEN, VEGF, and ERK/MAPK signaling. In conclusion, our data showed that CLU functions in kidney cells were mainly mediated in a cascade manner by PI3K/AKT, PTEN, VEGF, and ERK/MAPK signaling, and specifically by activation of UPR/ER stress in hypoxia, providing new insights into the protective role of CLU in the kidney. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2628-2638, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 August 2012 – 30 September 2012 (2012)

This article documents the addition of 83 microsatellite marker loci and 96 pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Bembidion lampros, Inimicus japonicus, Lymnaea stagnalis, Panopea abbreviata, Pentadesma butyracea, Sycoscapter hirticola and Thanatephorus cucumeris (anamorph: Rhizoctonia solani). These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Pentadesma grandifolia and Pentadesma reyndersii. This article also documents the addition of 96 sequencing primer pairs and 88 allele-specific primers or probes for Plutella xylostella.
Towards the Parallelization of Shot Detection - a Typical Video Mining Application Study (2006)

As digital video data becomes more pervasive, mining information from multimedia data becomes increasingly important, e.g., extraction of goal events in soccer game automatically from the video content. Though all of these advances in multimedia mining have shown great potential in daily life, the huge computational requirement prohibits its wide use in practice. As computer architecture evolves from uniprocessor to the era of multi-core processors, accelerating the multimedia application by exploiting thread level parallelism would be more promising to boost performance and provide more functionality. This paper presents three different parallel approaches, i.e., task level, data slicing and hybrid parallel scheme, to parallelize shot detection, a widely used application in the video mining system. The hybrid scheme, with the exploration of data level and task level parallelism, delivers much better performance than the other two schemes. Besides, we also employ several software optimization techniques, e.g. data blocking and thread affinity, to improve the performance by more than 50%. Experimental results indicate that there are no obvious parallel limiting factors in the hybrid parallel scheme. It scales well the increasing number of processors, and exhibits 13.6x speedup on 16-way processor system
Retention of ion-implanted-xenon in olivine: Dependence on implantation dose (1982)

The diffusion of Xe in olivine, a major mineral in both meteorites and lunar samples, was studied. Xe ions were implanted at 200 keV into single-crystal synthetic-forsterite targets and the depth profiles were measured by alpha particle backscattering before and after annealing for 1 hour at temperatures up to 1500 C. The fraction of implanted Xe retained following annealing was strongly dependent on the implantation dose. Maximum retention of 100% occurred for an implantion dose of 3 x 10 to the 15th power Xe ions/sq cm. Retention was less at lower doses, with (approximately more than or = 50% loss at one hundred trillion Xe ions/sq cm. Taking the diffusion coefficient at this dose as a lower limit, the minimum activation energy necessary for Xe retention in a 10 micrometer layer for ten million years was calculated as a function of metamorphic temperature.
Nanotechnology for photodynamic therapy: a perspective from the Laboratory of Dr. Michael R. Hamblin in the Wellman Center for Photomedicine at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School (2015)

The research interests of the Hamblin Laboratory are broadly centered on the use of different kinds of light to treat many different diseases. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses the combination of dyes with visible light to produce reactive oxygen species and kill bacteria, cancer cells and destroy unwanted tissue. Likewise, UV light is also good at killing especially pathogens. By contrast, red or near-infrared light can have the opposite effect, to act to preserve tissue from dying and can stimulate healing and regeneration. In all these applications, nanotechnology is having an ever-growing impact. In PDT, self-assembled nano-drug carriers (micelles, liposomes, etc.) play a great role in solubilizing the photosensitizers, metal nanoparticles can carry out plasmon resonance enhancement, and fullerenes can act as photosensitizers, themselves. In the realm of healing, single-walled carbon nanotubes can be electrofocused to produce nano-electonic biomedical devices, and nanomaterials will play a great role in restorative dentistry.
5G from Space: An Overview of 3GPP Non-Terrestrial Networks (2021)

We provide an overview of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) work on evolving the 5G wireless technology to support non-terrestrial satellite networks. Adapting 5G to support non-terrestrial networks entails a holistic design spanning multiple areas from radio access network to services and system aspects to core and terminals. In this article, we describe the main topics of non-terrestrial networks, explain in detail the design aspects, and share various design rationales influencing standardization.
Back Cover: H2S Sensors: Fumarate‐Based fcu‐MOF Thin Film Grown on a Capacitive Interdigitated Electrode (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51/2016) (2016)

The detection of H2S at room temperature using a fumarate-based metal–organic framework (fum-fcu-MOF) sensor is demonstrated by K. N. Salama, M. Eddaoudi, et al. in their Communication on page 15879 ff. The MOF-based sensor was prepared by an in situ growth approach with the fum-fcu-MOF thin film as the sensitive layer deposited on a capacitive interdigitated electrode. The sensor shows great sensitivity and stability towards H2S; concentrations down to 100 ppb were detected with a limit of detection around 5 ppb.
Lethal congenital contracture syndrome (LCCS), a fetal anterior horn cell disease, is not linked to the SMA 5q locus. (1995)

The lethal congenital contracture syndrome (LCCS) is an autosomal recessive syndrome (McKusick 253310) leading to perinatal death owing to early onset degeneration of the anterior horn motor neurones of the spinal cord. The neuropathological findings in the LCCS closely resemble those of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Since all the three types of SMA have been localised to the same gene locus on the long arm of chromosome 5, we analysed samples from seven families with 10 LCCS fetuses with the microsatellite markers assigned to the SMA 5q region. Linkage analyses between the SMA linked DNA markers and the disease allele in the LCCS families excluded the critical chromosomal region around the SMA locus as the critical chromosomal region for the LCCS locus.
Structural characterization of starch networks in the solid state by cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy and wide angle x-ray diffraction (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural characterization of starch networks in the solid state by cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy and wide angle x-ray diffractionA. Shefer, S. Shefer, J. Kost, and R. LangerCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 25, 6756–6760Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00051a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00051a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of interferon-stimulated genes that attenuate Ebola virus infection (2020)

The West Africa Ebola outbreak was the largest outbreak ever recorded, with over 28,000 reported infections; this devastating epidemic emphasized the need to understand the mechanisms to counteract virus infection. Here, we screen a library of nearly 400 interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) against a biologically contained Ebola virus and identify several ISGs not previously known to affect Ebola virus infection. Overexpression of the top ten ISGs attenuates virus titers by up to 1000-fold. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that three ISGs interfere with virus entry, six affect viral transcription/replication, and two inhibit virion formation and budding. A comprehensive study of one ISG (CCDC92) that shows anti-Ebola activity in our screen reveals that CCDC92 can inhibit viral transcription and the formation of complete virions via an interaction with the viral protein NP. Our findings provide insights into Ebola virus infection that could be exploited for the development of therapeutics against this virus.
Intraoperative Gefäßkomplikationen in der onkologischen Viszeralchirurgie – was muss ein Viszeralchirurg können und wissen (2017)

Die Verbesserung perioperativer und neoadjuvanter Therapien ermöglicht heutzutage immer ausgedehntere Tumorresektionen. Bei bildmorphologisch vaskulärer Beteiligung sollte bereits in der OP-Planung eine gefäßchirurgische Expertise hinzugezogen werden. Hingegen erfordern unvorhergesehene intraoperative Gefäßkomplikationen vom onkologischen Viszeralchirurgen teils ad hoc gefäßchirurgische Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Modifications in the Amino Acid Lysine Induced by Soft X‐ Ray Irradiation (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Batch emulsion copolymerization of 50/50 vinyl acetate/ n‐butyl acrylate using poly(vinyl alcohol) emulsifier (1990)

Abstract In the batch emulsion copolymerization of 50/50 vinyl acetate/n‐butyl acrylate mixture, no emulsifier or sodium lauryl sulfate emulsifier gave a n‐butyl acrylate‐rich copolymer until the n‐butyl acrylate became depleted, and a vinyl acetate‐rich copolymer and poly(vinyl acetate) thereafter, as expected from the disparate copolymerization reactivity ratios (r 1 0.05; r 2 5). In contrast, poly(vinyl alcohol) emulsifier gave an initial polymerization of vinyl acetate at a rate equal to or greater than that of the n‐butyl acrylate up to 7–37% conversion; then, the n‐butyl acrylate polymerized preferentially until it became depleted, followed by the remaining vinyl acetate, to give a vinyl acetate‐rich copolymer and poly(vinyl acetate), as expected from the copolymerization reactivity ratios. The mechanism proposed for this process comprised the grafting of vinyl acetate on the poly(vinyl alcohol) in solution to give a water‐insoluble graft copolymer, which precipitated and served as the locus for nucleation of poly(n‐butyl acrylate)‐rich particles. Fully hydrolyzed poly(vinyl alcohol) required a higher degree of grafting to give a water‐insoluble graft copolymer than partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl alcohol).
Aglycon of Rhizochalin from the Rhizochalina incrustata Induces Apoptosis via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells (2011)

Rhizochalin is a two-headed sphingolipid-like compound isolated from the sponge Rhizochalina incrustata. It has been reported that rhizocalin and its derivates have a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effect. However, the molecular mechanism of these effects is not understood. Here, we demonstrate that aglycon of rhizochalin (AglRhz) from the Rhizochalina incrustata induces AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, and thereby inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-p70S6 kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling and activator protein 1 (AP-1) activity via phosphorylation of Raptor in HT-29 cells. In addition, AglRhz induced activation of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and DNA fragmentation in HT-29 cells, leads to induction of apoptosis as well as suppression of tumorigenicity of HT-29 cells. Notably, AglRhz inhibits insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1-induced AP-1 activity and cell transformation in JB6 Cl41 cells. Overall, our findings identify AMPK as an important target protein for mediating the anti-tumor properties of AglRhz in HT-29 colon cancer cells and have important implication for sponges, the most important marine source, in colon cancer.
Fast Fabrication of a Ag Nanostructure Substrate Using the Femtosecond Laser for Broad-Band and Tunable Plasmonic Enhancement (2012)

Using a femtosecond laser, we have transformed the laser-direct-writing technique into a highly efficient method that can process AgO(x) thin films into Ag nanostructures at a fast scanning rate of 2000 μm(2)/min. The processed AgO(x) thin films exhibit broad-band enhancement of optical absorption and effectively function as active SERS substrates. Probing of the plasmonic hotspots with dyed polymer beads indicates that these hotspots are uniformly distributed over the treated area.
Network Optimization for High Performance Cloud Computing (2017)

Cloud Computing has seen a tremendous popularity in last several years. A scalable and efficient data center network is essential for a performance capable cloud computing infrastructure. This thesis provides practical solutions to enable an efficient, flexible, multi-tenant network architecture suitable for high-performance cloud computing, using InfiniBand (IB) as a demonstration technology. The work is motivated by the needs of the future data centers to provide efficient cloud solutions for increasing uptake of the cloud technology for both big data and traditional High-Performance Computing (HPC) applications.\nResearch contributions of this thesis lie within three main categories. First, we propose a set of improvements to the fat-tree routing algorithm to make it suitable for HPC workloads in the cloud. Fat-Tree is a popular network topology in HPC systems. Our proposed improvements to the fat-tree routing make it more efficient, provides performance isolation among tenants in multi-tenant systems, and enable routing of both physical end nodes and virtualized end nodes according to the policies set by the provider. Second, we design new network reconfiguration methods to significantly reduce the time it takes to reroute the IB network. Reduced network reconfiguration time means that the interconnection network in a HPC cloud can optimize itself quickly to adapt to changing tenant configurations, faults, running workloads, and current network conditions. Last, we demonstrate a self-adaptive network prototype for IB-based HPC clouds, fully equipped with autonomous monitoring and adaptation, and configurable through a high-level condition-action language for the service providers.\nThe research conducted in this thesis has potential impacts on both private cloud infrastructures, such as medium sized clusters used for enterprise HPC, and public clouds offering innovative HPC solutions to the customers at scale. The industrial application of the thesis is reflected by the eight patent applications resulted from this work.
Urinary estrogen metabolites and prostate cancer risk: A pilot study (2010)

We observed modest differences in estrogen metabolite concentrations between prostate cancer patients and subjects without cancer. Larger studies with both androgen and estrogen measurements are needed to confirm these results to clarify further whether estrogen metabolites are independent biomarkers for prostate cancer risk and whether androgen/estrogen imbalance influences prostate cancer risk.
Learning Deep Generative Models With Doubly Stochastic Gradient MCMC (2017)

Deep generative models (DGMs), which are often organized in a hierarchical manner, provide a principled framework of capturing the underlying causal factors of data. Recent work on DGMs focussed on the development of efficient and scalable variational inference methods that learn a single model under some mean-field or parameterization assumptions. However, little work has been done on extending Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to Bayesian DGMs, which enjoy many advantages compared with variational methods. We present doubly stochastic gradient MCMC, a simple and generic method for (approximate) Bayesian inference of DGMs in a collapsed continuous parameter space. At each MCMC sampling step, the algorithm randomly draws a mini-batch of data samples to estimate the gradient of log-posterior and further estimates the intractable expectation over hidden variables via a neural adaptive importance sampler, where the proposal distribution is parameterized by a deep neural network and learnt jointly along with the sampling process. We demonstrate the effectiveness of learning various DGMs on a wide range of tasks, including density estimation, data generation, and missing data imputation. Our method outperforms many state-of-the-art competitors.
Inductance-enhanced high-impedance surfaces for broadband simultaneous switching noise mitigation in power planes (2003)

Full wave electromagnetic simulation is used to study the application of high-impedance surfaces (HIS) in simultaneous switching noise (SSN) mitigation in power planes. The impact of the geometry on the performance of power planes with simple and inductance-enhanced HIS is investigated. A lumped-element compact model form, applicable to both types of power planes is developed. Good agreement is obtained between the modeled and simulated S-parameters of the power planes from DC to 4 GHz.
PRIMAL: PRofIt Maximization Avatar pLacement for mobile edge computing (2016)

We propose a cloudlet network architecture to bring the computing resources from the centralized cloud to the edge. Thus, each User Equipment (UE) can communicate with its Avatar, a software clone located in a cloudlet, and can thus lower the end-to-end (E2E) delay. However, UEs are moving over time, and so the low E2E delay may not be maintained if UEs' Avatars stay in their original cloudlets. Thus, live Avatar migration (i.e., migrating a UE's Avatar to a suitable cloudlet based on the UE's location) is enabled to maintain the low E2E delay between each UE and its Avatar. On the other hand, the migration itself incurs extra overheads in terms of resources of the Avatar, which compromise the performance of applications running in the Avatar. By considering the gain (i.e., the E2E delay reduction) and the cost (i.e., the migration overheads) of the live Avatar migration, we propose a PRofIt Maximization Avatar pLacement (PRIMAL) strategy for the cloudlet network in order to optimize the tradeoff between the migration gain and the migration cost by selectively migrating the Avatars to their optimal locations. Simulation results demonstrate that as compared to the other two strategies (i.e., Follow Me Avatar and Static), PRIMAL maximizes the profit in terms of maintaining the low average E2E delay between UEs and their Avatars and minimizing the migration cost simultaneously.
Scaling Lightness Perception and Differences Above and Below Diffuse White (2010)

The purpose of this research was to design and complete psychophysical experiments for scaling lightness and lightness differences for achromatic percepts above and below the lightness of diffuse white (L*=100). Below diffuse white experiments were conducted under reference conditions recommended by CIE for color difference research. Overall a range of CIELAB lightness values from 7 to 183 was investigated. Psychophysical techniques of partition scaling and constant stimuli were applied for scaling lightness perception and differences, respectively. The results indicate that the existing L* and CIEDE2000-weighting functions approximately predict the trends, but don't well fit the visual data. Hence, three optimized functions are proposed, including a lightness function, a lightness-difference weighting function for the wide range, and a lightness-difference weighting function for the range below diffuse white.