gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reproducing American Sign Language sentences: cognitive scaffolding in working memory (2014)

The American Sign Language Sentence Reproduction Test (ASL-SRT) requires the precise reproduction of a series of ASL sentences increasing in complexity and length. Error analyses of such tasks provides insight into working memory and scaffolding processes. Data was collected from three groups expected to differ in fluency: deaf children, deaf adults and hearing adults, all users of ASL. Quantitative (correct/incorrect recall) and qualitative error analyses were performed. Percent correct on the reproduction task supports its sensitivity to fluency as test performance clearly differed across the three groups studied. A linguistic analysis of errors further documented differing strategies and bias across groups. Subjects' recall projected the affordance and constraints of deep linguistic representations to differing degrees, with subjects resorting to alternate processing strategies when they failed to recall the sentence correctly. A qualitative error analysis allows us to capture generalizations about the relationship between error pattern and the cognitive scaffolding, which governs the sentence reproduction process. Highly fluent signers and less-fluent signers share common chokepoints on particular words in sentences. However, they diverge in heuristic strategy. Fluent signers, when they make an error, tend to preserve semantic details while altering morpho-syntactic domains. They produce syntactically correct sentences with equivalent meaning to the to-be-reproduced one, but these are not verbatim reproductions of the original sentence. In contrast, less-fluent signers tend to use a more linear strategy, preserving lexical status and word ordering while omitting local inflections, and occasionally resorting to visuo-motoric imitation. Thus, whereas fluent signers readily use top-down scaffolding in their working memory, less fluent signers fail to do so. Implications for current models of working memory across spoken and signed modalities are considered.
Analyzing Learned Molecular Representations for Property Prediction (2019)

Advancements in neural machinery have led to a wide range of algorithmic solutions for molecular property prediction. Two classes of models in particular have yielded promising results: neural networks applied to computed molecular fingerprints or expert-crafted descriptors, and graph convolutional neural networks that construct a learned molecular representation by operating on the graph structure of the molecule. However, recent literature has yet to clearly determine which of these two methods is superior when generalizing to new chemical space. Furthermore, prior research has rarely examined these new models in industry research settings in comparison to existing employed models. In this paper, we benchmark models extensively on 19 public and 16 proprietary industrial datasets spanning a wide variety of chemical endpoints. In addition, we introduce a graph convolutional model that consistently matches or outperforms models using fixed molecular descriptors as well as previous graph neural architectures on both public and proprietary datasets. Our empirical findings indicate that while approaches based on these representations have yet to reach the level of experimental reproducibility, our proposed model nevertheless offers significant improvements over models currently used in industrial workflows.
The transverse momentum of partons (1977)

A parton interpretation of the glueless cavity approximation to the MIT bag model is developed, and the transverse momentum (kperpendicular to ) distribution of valence quark-partons are derived. The effect of coloured gluon interactions on the distributions is discussed.
628 Long-term device-based monitoring of physical activity in heart failure patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (2005)

Innocor, Innovision), impedance cardiography (ICG, CNSystems) and the aortic Doppler time velocity integral (TVI).Measurements were obtained at rest with the patient in supine and upright position and during limited bicycle exercise (20 W).RB was used as the reference method.Results: CO estimates from the KIM correlated well with RB in all body positions and during limited exercise and was better correlated with RB compared with ICG and TVI (table).During exercise, ICG was not useful for CO estimation due to artifacts by body movement.Cola'elation with RB (1") IHM ICG VTI Supine 0.88** 0.64* 0.47 Upright 0.66* 0.49 0.54 Exercise 0.62 0.08 not pel-folrned *p<0.05;**p<0.001Conclusion: A right ventricular pressure contour algorithm derived from an implanted hemodynamic monitor provides a reasonable estimate of CO in patients with CHE The CO estimate from the IHM was superior to ICG and TVI.The algorithm may increase the ability of continuous monitoring to assess acute and chronic hemodyanmic changes in patients with CIIF.
Simultaneous nonlinearity and dispersion compensation into an embedded link: Experimental demonstration (2006)

We experimentally demonstrate for the first time, simultaneous compensation of nonlinearity and dispersion into an embedded link with strongly asymmetrical power profiles. Two configurations satisfying the mid-nonlinearity-temporal-inversion principle are tested.
Supplementary Figure and Table Legends from A Diverse Array of Cancer-Associated <i>MTOR</i> Mutations Are Hyperactivating and Can Predict Rapamycin Sensitivity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 82K, Supplementary Figure and Table Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Efficient implementation of large-scale multi-structural databases (2005)

In earlier work, we defined “multi-structural databases, ” a data model to support efficient analysis of large, complex data sets over multiple numerical and hierarchical dimensions. We defined three types of queries over this data model, each of which required solving an optimization problem. An example is to find the ten most significant nonoverlapping regions of geography crossed with time in which coverage of the Olympics was much stronger in newspapers than online sources. In this paper, we present a general query framework capturing the original three queries as part of a much broader family. We then give efficient algorithms for particular subclasses of this family. Finally, we describe an implementation of these algorithms that operates on a collection of several billion web documents. Using our algorithms in conjunction with random sampling techniques, our system can solve these queries in real time. 1
Amplitude statistics prediction in thermoacoustics (2018)

We discuss the statistics of acoustic pressure of thermoacoustic oscillations, either axial or azimuthal in nature. We derive a model where the describing functions of the fluctuating heat release rate of the flame and of the acoustic losses appear directly in the equations. The background combustion noise is assumed to be additive, and we show how one can recover, from the measurement of the acoustic pressure at the flame location, the projected describing function of the flame minus the acoustic losses. Using the same equations, one can predict the statistics of the amplitude of acoustic pressure for a certain system. The theory is then tested on an azimuthal thermoacoustic instability in an industrial annular combustor by measuring the state of the system, predicting the acoustic pressure amplitude statistics after a design change and comparing the prediction with the measured statistics after the design change has been implemented.
Coalescence of nanosized copper colloid particles formed in Cu-implanted SiO2 glass by implantation of fluorine ions: Formation of violet copper colloids (1992)

Fluorine ions were implanted at an energy of 40 keV at room temperature into Cu-implanted (160 keV, 6×1016 ions/cm2) SiO2 glass substrates in which implanted coppers occur in the form of nanosized metallic colloid particles with spherical shape. After the F implantation, the peak position of a band due to plasma oscillation shifted from 2.21 eV (562 nm) to 2.10 eV (591 nm) and the color changed from bulk copperlike to deep violet, visually. The bimodal distribution of depth Cu concentrations became distinct after the implantation. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observation revealed that the distribution of copper colloid particles remains bimodal in shape and the particles coalesce with each other to form larger colloid particles with nonspherical shape. Fourier transform IR attenuated total reflection spectra showed that implanted F ions are incorporated in the form of O3Si-F units breaking continuity of the Si-O-Si network, suggesting that reduction of local viscosity in collision cascade regions during the implantation plays an important role in the observed coalescence.
Vibrational analysis of the 13-cis-retinal chromophore in dark-adapted bacteriorhodopsin (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVibrational analysis of the 13-cis-retinal chromophore in dark-adapted bacteriorhodopsinSteven O. Smith, Johannes A. Pardoen, Johan. Lugtenburg, and Richard A. MathiesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 4, 804–819Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100288a011https://doi.org/10.1021/j100288a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views347Altmetric-Citations143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
3D Elemental and interdependent reconstructions based on a novel compressed sensing algorithm in electron tomography (2016)

Electron Tomography (ET) is a key technique to perform 3D characterization at the nanometer scale [1]. 2D projections at different tilt angles are first acquired in an electron microscope, then an inversion algorithm is used to reconstruct the 3D volume of the sample from the dataset. Classically, ET is performed in a HAADF STEM mode in materials science leading to 3D Z‐contrast reconstructions. 3D elemental mapping based on EELS or EDS acquisitions is also possible in reconstruction theory [2]. Yet, reconstruction theory needs several hundreds of projections and 2D chemical mapping needs an important acquisition time and electron dose, therefore 3D elemental mapping is challenging. Nowadays, microscopes improvements limit the acquisition time of 2D chemical mapping. Moreover, powerful state‐of‐the‐art reconstruction algorithms make possible the reconstruction from a limited dataset of a few dozens of projections only. As a consequence 3D elemental mapping is now possible with a reasonable acquisition time of a day or less. New reconstruction algorithms add prior knowledge on the object to compensate for the lack of information due to limited number of available projections. The prior knowledge can be a limited number of possible grey levels in the reconstruction to perform discrete tomography [3]. This correspond to a limited number of known materials in the sample. In the case of Compressed Sensing (CS) algorithms [4], the prior knowledge is a sparsity of the object expressed in a particular basis. A special case of CS reconstruction is the use of the gradient sparsity of the object to perform Total Variation Minimization (TVM) algorithms [5]. In that case, objects constant by parts are preferably reconstructed. We propose a mixed approach suited for EDS acquisition. That mixed approach combines both projection denoising [6] and a TVM based algorithm that uses the reconstructions of each element all together. This new approach leads to higher reconstruction accuracy since a new kind of prior knowledge is used. Indeed, reconstructions of different elements should not be independent since a variation of an element is most of the time correlated to a variation of at least another element. The algorithm will be introduced. Simulations using projections with high Poisson noise and strong misalignment will be used to show the accuracy of our approach. Experimental results for a GaN‐TiAl intermetallic sample in EDS tomography will also be presented. This work was supported by the French “Recherche Technologie de Base” (RTB) program. The authors acknowledge access to the nanocharacterization platform (PFNC) at the Minatec Campus in Grenoble. The authors thank Alphonse Torres from CEA Leti for providing the intermetallic specimen.
Novel Electrochemiluminescent Platinum (II) Schiff-Base Complexes (2011)

A series of platinum (II) complexes with Schiff base ligands were synthesized and compared in terms of their photoluminescence, electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties. Photochemical and electrochemical techniques were used to establish the relationship between the photophysical and redox properties. The emission wavelengths (λem) of theses complexes were found to be highly tuneable with shifts of up to 150 nm in the emission resulting from very minor changes in the ligand structure. All reported complexes exhibit intense ECL via both annihilation and co-reactant pathways. The ECL properties are considered in the light of the photochemical and electrochemical properties of each complex as well as the thermodynamics of the ECL reaction in each case. The findings provide useful insights into the favorable characteristics required for efficient ECL and the directions which should be explored in the search for new ECL luminophores.
Potential of Stem Cell-Based Therapy to Restore Function in Aging Systems: Are We There Yet? (2022)

While there is extensive interest in geroscience approaches to health and disease, few basic science discoveries have made their way into clinical trials. Herein, we comment on cell-based therapies, in which supplementing robust stem cell capacity to aged systems theoretically could lead to sustained improvement. This exciting approach has undergone translational development, and we highlight studies targeting a single system and others aimed at treating overall aging frailty by restoring the aged stem cell niches that underly diminished endogenous regenerative capacity.
Modeling of dynamic response of ferroelectric capacitors (2001)

Abstract A simulation model of ferroelectric capacitors which describes both hysteresis loops under arbitrary voltage profile and time dependence of polarization change is developed based on the parallel-element model. In the model, a ferroelectric capacitor is assumed to consist of parallel capacitor elements with different coercive voltage and switching polarization. A new method of pulse measurement is designed to obtain the switching behavior of individual element. The measurement on a sol-gel SrBi2Ta2O9 capacitor revealed that the switching time depended on the difference between the applied voltage and the coercive voltage of the capacitor element. The switching behavior is reproduced by inserting a nonlinear resistor in series with each capacitor in the model. All the parameters used in the model are determined from the measured data and no arbitrary fitting parameters are used.
Efficient Divergent Synthesis of New Immunostimulant 4″-Modified α-Galactosylceramide Analogues (2017)

A synthesis strategy for the swift generation of 4″-modified α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) analogues is described, establishing a chemical platform to comprehensively investigate the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of this understudied glycolipid part. The strategy relies on a late-stage reductive ring-opening of a <i>p</i>-methoxybenzylidene (PMP) acetal to regioselectively liberate the 4″-OH position. The expediency of this methodology is demonstrated by the synthesis of a small yet diverse set of analogues, which were tested for their ability to stimulate invariant natural killer T-cells (<i>i</i>NKT) <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. The introduction of a <i>p</i>-chlorobenzyl ether yielded an analogue with promising immunostimulating properties, paving the way for further SAR studies.
Protein Aggregation Inhibitors for ALS Therapy (2013)

Abstract : Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons, leading to death within 3-5 years. Gulf War veterans, and military personnel in general, exhibit a significant increased risk of developing ALS. There is no effective treatment for ALS; riluzole, the only FDA-approved drug for ALS, extends median survival by only 2-3 months. The genetic linkage of several mutations in the gene for Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD 1) in some cases of familial ALS provided the first indication of a potential causal factor in the disease. We identified three chemotypes (pyrazolones, cyclohexane-1,3-diones, and pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones) that provide protection from toxicity and block aberrant protein aggregation caused by mutant SOD1. Each of these chemotypes was modified to improve potency and pharmacological properties; our best compounds in each chemotype extended life of the ALS mouse model by 13%, 13%, and 31% (10 mg/kg bid), respectively. Maximum tolerated doses of all were high, indicating low toxicity. Four approaches were taken to identify protein target(s) of the pyrazole class. Affinity bait experiments identified proteins involved in proteasomal activation; photoaffinity experiments identified heat shock protein (HSP) 27 and related proteins. All of these results provide new potential treatments for ALS.
Early progressive mobilization of patients with left ventricular assist devices is safe and optimizes recovery before heart transplantation. (1996)

Progressive mobilization in patients with left ventricular assist device is safe. Patients return to independence in activities of daily living and tolerate prolonged workloads of up to 5 metabolic equivalents. There is rapid improvement in functional capacity until 6 weeks after operation. Delay in transplantation until this time may optimize postoperative recovery.
Data from Forkhead Box F2 Suppresses Gastric Cancer through a Novel FOXF2–IRF2BPL–β-Catenin Signaling Axis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;DNA methylation has been identified as a hallmark of gastric cancer (GC). Identifying genes that are repressed by DNA promoter methylation is essential in providing insights into the molecular pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Using genome-wide methylation studies, we identified that transcription factor forkhead box F2 (FOXF2) was preferentially methylated in gastric cancer. We then investigated the functional significance and clinical implication of FOXF2 in gastric cancer. FOXF2 was silenced in gastric cancer cell lines and cancer tissues by promoter methylation, which was negatively associated with mRNA expression. Ectopic expression of FOXF2 inhibited proliferation, colony formation, G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;–S cell-cycle transition, induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cell lines, and suppressed growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice; knockdown of FOXF2 elicited opposing effects. FOXF2 inhibited Wnt signaling by inducing β-catenin protein ubiquitination and degradation independently of GSK-3β. FOXF2 directly bound the promoter of E3 ligase interferon regulatory factor 2-binding protein-like (IRF2BPL) and induced its transcriptional expression. IRF2BPL in turn interacted with β-catenin, increasing its ubiquitination and degradation. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified FOXF2 hypermethylation as an independent prognostic factor of poor survival in early-stage gastric cancer patients. In conclusion, FOXF2 is a critical tumor suppressor in gastric carcinogenesis whose methylation status serves as an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; FOXF2-mediated upregulation of the E3 ligase IRF2BPL drives ubiquitylation and degradation of β-catenin in gastric cancer, blunting Wnt signaling and suppressing carcinogenesis. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(7); 1643–56. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19 (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a major public health threat,\nespecially in countries with low vaccination rates. To better understand\nthe biological underpinnings of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19\nseverity, we formed the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative1\n. Here we\npresent a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of up to 125,584\ncases and over 2.5 million control individuals across 60 studies from\n25 countries, adding 11 genome-wide significant loci compared with\nthose previously identified2\n. Genes at new loci, including SFTPD, MUC5B\nand ACE2, reveal compelling insights regarding disease susceptibility\nand severity
Laser trabeculoplasty in newly diagnosed multi‐treated glaucoma patients (2020)

Success of LTP was highly dependent on the IOP level prior to LTP treatment. A sustained significant IOP reduction was seen in eyes with pre-LTP IOP ≥ 15 mmHg whereas no such effect was seen in eyes with pre-LTP IOP < 15 mmHg. Thus, LTP can be considered in eyes with multi-treatment when target pressure of < 15 mmHg is not achieved.
Suppression of leakage current in a relativistic magnetron using a novel cathode endcap design (2011)

Upcoming experimental verification of MAGIC particle-in-cell (PIC) code simulation of a high-power, 70%-efficient relativistic magnetron with diffraction output (MDO) requires leakage electrons to be insulated axially from a dielectric antenna window [1]. Endcaps in relativistic magnetron systems have been explored before with great success in increasing output power and efficiency and greatly reducing leakage current, but none has yet to completely suppress leakage current [2, 3]. In our experiments the radius of a disk endcap was extended slightly beyond the inner radius of an A6 anode slow-wave structure, such that electrons from the interaction space drifting downstream along the axial magnetic field lines are stopped. On the endcap surface, which is not bombarded by these electrons, a thin dielectric coating was added to lower the endcap surface electric fields and to capture any emitted electrons. Preliminary results of experiments on a radial-extraction relativistic A6 magnetron system (260 kV, 16 ns paraboloidal pulse) with a solid cathode almost entirely suppressed the leakage current. Extension of these experimental results through MAGIC will provide a predictive mechanism for the success of endcap designs in the MDO system.