gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A MASH TL-3 Compliant Short Radius System (2016)

It is difficult if not physically unattainable to provide the required length of need barrier along a highway if it intersects private driveways and county roads. The presence of site constraints such as a bridge rail or a culvert along the highway may not allow the placement of a properly designed guardrail. In these cases, the alternatives are to relocate the site constraint if possible, shorten the guardrail length, or provide a curved guardrail design. The curved guardrail design is known as short radius or T-intersection depending on specifics of such constraints. Researchers and practitioners in the roadside safety area have been investigating the short radius issue. Subsequently, investigators conducted numerous crash tests for different short radius guardrail designs. None of those designs passed National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 TL-3 criteria (1). In 2009, the crash testing guidelines have been updated to the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) s (2). MASH increases the impact severity for TL-3 tests. Satisfying such impact severity became even more challenging for any short radius system. This paper presents a MASH TL-3 compliant short radius design that was successfully crash tested using impact conditions adopted from the crash cushion test matrix. Texas A&M Transportation (TTI) researchers used nonlinear finite element simulation to identify the performance of several design concepts. Then, the research team simulated the most promising design concept with refined modeling to finalize the design of the proposed short radius system. TTI staff constructed and tested successfully this short radius system per MASH TL-3 Tests conditions, namely tests 3-33, 3-32, 3-31 and 3-35.
Constraints on the unitarity triangle angleγfrom Dalitz plot analysis ofB0→DK+π−decays (2016)

The first study is presented of CP violation with an amplitude analysis of the Dalitz plot of
Concussion, Diffuse Axonal Injury, and AIS4+ Head Injury in Motor Vehicle Crashes (2015)

Concussions occur in about one out of 61 occupants in tow-away crashes. The risk was highest in rollover crashes (4.73 ± 1.09%) and it was reduced 69.2% by seat belt use. Severe brain injuries occurred less often and the risk was also reduced by seat belt use.
Isolation and structural analysis of a 1.2-megabase N-myc amplicon from a human neuroblastoma. (1992)

Oncogene amplification is observed frequently in human cancers, but little is known about the mechanism of gene amplification or the structure of amplified DNA in tumor cells. We have studied the N-myc amplified domain from a representative neuroblastoma cell line, SMS-KAN, and compared the map of the amplicon in this cell line with that seen in normal DNA. The SMS-KAN cell line DNA was cloned into yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), and clones were identified by screening the YAC library with amplified DNA probes that were obtained previously (B. Zehnbauer, D. Small, G. M. Brodeur, R. Seeger, and B. Vogelstein, Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:522-530, 1988). In addition, YAC clones corresponding to the normal N-myc locus on chromosome 2 were obtained by screening two normal human YAC libraries with these probes, and the restriction maps of the two sets of overlapping YACs were compared. Our results suggest that the amplified domain in this cell line is a approximately 1.2-Mb circular molecule with a head-to-tail configuration, and the physical map of the normal N-myc locus generally is conserved in the amplicon. These results provide a physical map of the amplified domain of a neuroblastoma cell line that has de novo amplification of an oncogene. The head-to-tail organization, the general conservation of the normal physical map in the amplicon, and the extrachromosomal location of the amplified DNA are most consistent with the episome formation-plus-segregation mechanism of gene amplification in these tumors.
Carrageenan: A Food-Grade and Biocompatible Support for Immobilisation Techniques (2002)

Immobilisation of both enzymes and whole-cell systems is of major importance in the improvement of the stability, activity and reusability of these biocatalysts. This review describes the use of the naturally occurring polysaccharide carrageenan as a support for the immobilisation of biocatalysts. Carrageenan is a food-grade and biocompatible support material extracted from red seaweeds. Before focusing on the use of carrageenan as an immobilisation support, an overview is given of the present uses of biocatalysts in industrial processes. The basic concepts of enzyme and whole-cell immobilisation are discussed, as well as the background of carrageenan as a biopolymer. Several examples of enzymes and whole-cell systems immobilised in carrageenan are discussed. A list of the most relevant patents in this field is presented as well as a list of enzymes and cell systems immobilised in carrageenan as described in the literature.
L1/L5 SBAS MOPS to Support Multiple Constellations (2012)

This paper proposes a message structure for the L5 GEO data signal that can support more than 90 simultaneous L1/L5 satellite corrections. The proposal is similar to the existing L1 structure with 250 bit messages sent at one Hertz. It eliminates the need for fast clock corrections. It creates a new integrity information message capable of updating the status for 91 satellites in a single message. Further, it simplifies the satellite corrections by gathering all of the required information for each satellite into a single message. This structure has excellent flexibility as a service provider that wishes to correct fewer satellites (e.g. a single constellation) may update the satellite corrections more often for improved accuracy. The paper also examines optimal scheduling strategies and the handling of alerts. The proposed structure addresses many of the shortcomings of the current L1 structure while remaining very similar in nature. Thus, this proposal leverages the most successful aspects of the L1 Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) while adapting it to meet the goals set forth for dualfrequency multi-constellation use.
Recrystallization and sulfur diffusion in CdCl2-treated CdTe/CdS thin films (1997)

The role of CdCl2 in prompting recrystallization, grain growth and interdiffusion between CdS and CdTe layers in physical vapor-deposited CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells is presented. Several CdTe/CdS thin-film samples with different CdTe film thicknesses were treated in air at 415°C for different times with and without a surface coating of CdCl2. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffractometry and optical absorption. The results show that CdCl2 treatment enhances the recrystallization and diffusion processes, leading to a compositional variation within the CdTe layer due to diffusion of sulfur from the CdS. The highest sulfur concentrations observed after 30 min treatments with CdCl2 at 415°C are near the solubility limit for sulfur in CdTe. The compositional distributions indicated by x-ray diffraction measurements of samples with different CdTe thickness show that the S-rich CdTe1−xSx region lies near the CdTe/CdS interface. A multiple-step mixing process must be inferred to account for the diffraction profiles obtained. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Full Viscous Modeling in Generalized Coordinates of Heat Conducting Flows in Rotating Systems (1997)

A computational and analytical study has been carried out that assesses viscous formulations used currently in the state-of-the-art and widely used incompressible viscous flow solution methodologies in generalized curvilinear coordinates. These methodologies use a powerful and simple approximate factorization delta scheme. The conventional thin (viscous) layer form used for steady-state flows is analyzed and is then improved to extend its applicability, in general, to the solution of unsteady incompressible flows. Then, this improved thin-layer formulation is further extended to include more terms of the same order that are ignored in the thin-layer approximation because of the limitation imposed by the use of a conservation form of the viscous flux vector. This is achieved by recasting the viscous vector in nonconservation form. The resulting formulation represents the full-viscous (FV) formulation (except for higherorder cross-derivative terms). Solutions with the full-viscous, improved, and conventional thin-layer formulations are shown to be different, even for laminar heat conducting flow. Also, the steady state full-viscous solutions with and without the cross-derivative terms are compared and are found to be practically the same. This delineates the need, in general, for the FV formulation for turbulent flows, where turbulent viscosity variation in space is large. The methodology developed here is then used to compute flow in a rotating square duct with fast and slow rotation. The limiting solutions obtained are compared with the analytic limiting solutions and previously obtained reduced numerical solutions. Agreement is shown to be very good.
Effect of polymer solutions on sterically stabilized suspensions (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTEffect of polymer solutions on sterically stabilized suspensionsAlice P. Gast and Ludwik LeiblerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 19, 3947–3949Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100265a001https://doi.org/10.1021/j100265a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Cornea-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Therapeutically Modulate Macrophage Immunophenotype and Angiogenic Function (2018)

Macrophages are crucial drivers of inflammatory corneal neovascularization and thus are potential targets for immunomodulatory therapies. We hypothesized that therapeutic use of cornea-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (cMSCs) may alter the function of macrophages. We found that cMSCs can modulate the phenotype and angiogenic function of macrophages. In vitro, cMSCs induce apoptosis of macrophages while preferentially promoting a distinct CD14<sup>hi</sup> CD16<sup>hi</sup> CD163<sup>hi</sup> CD206<sup>hi</sup> immunophenotype that has significantly reduced angiogenic effects based on in vitro angiogenesis assays. In vivo, application of cMSCs to murine corneas after injury leads to reduced macrophage infiltration and higher expression of CD206 in macrophages. Macrophages cocultured ("educated") by cMSCs express significantly higher levels of anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory factors compared with control macrophages. In vivo, injured corneas treated with cMSC-educated macrophages demonstrate significantly less neovascularization compared with corneas treated with control macrophages. Knocking down the expression of pigment epithelial derived factor (PEDF) in cMSCs significantly abrogates its modulating effects on macrophages, as shown by the reduced rate of apoptosis, decreased expression of sFLT-1/PEDF, and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A in the cocultured macrophages. Similarly, cMSCs isolated from PEDF knockout mice are less effective compared with wild-type cMSCs at inhibiting macrophage infiltration when applied to wild-type corneas after injury. Overall, these results demonstrate that cMSCs therapeutically suppress the angiogenic capacity of macrophages and highlight the role of cMSC secreted PEDF in the modulation of macrophage phenotype and function. Stem Cells 2018;36:775-784.
Molecular beacons with intrinsically fluorescent nucleotides (2006)

We report the design, synthesis and characterization of a novel molecular beacon (MB-FB) which uses the fluorescent bases (FB) 2-aminopurine (AP) and pyrrolo-dC (P-dC) as fluorophores. Because the quantum yield of these FB depend on hybridization with complementary target, the fluorescent properties of MB-FB were tuned by placing the FB site specifically within the MB such that hybridization with complementary sequence switches from single strand to double strand for AP and vice versa for P-dC. The MB-FB produces a ratiometric fluorescence increase (the fluorescence emission of P-dC over that of AP in the presence and absence of complementary sequence) of 8.5 when excited at 310 nm, the maximum absorption of AP. This ratiometric fluorescence is increased to 14 by further optimizing excitation (325 nm). The fluorescence lifetime is also affected by the addition of target, producing a change in the long-lived component from 6.5 to 8.7 ns (Exc. 310 nm, Em. 450 nm). Thermal denaturation profiles monitored at 450 nm (P-dC emission) show a cooperative denaturation of the MB-FB with a melting temperature of 53 degrees C. The thermal denaturation profile of MB-FB hybridized with its target shows a marked fluorescence reduction at 53 degrees C, consistent with a transition from double stranded helix to random coil DNA.
Inhibitory Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice and in Vitro (2010)

Loss of one PPARgamma allele is sufficient to enhance susceptibility to HCC. PPARgamma suppresses tumor cell growth through reducing cell proliferation and inducing G(2)/M phase arrest, apoptosis, and up-regulating growth differentiation factor-15. Thus, PPARgamma acts as a tumor-suppressor gene in the liver.
Time-domain tests for Gaussianity and time-reversibility (1994)

Statistical signal processing algorithms often rely upon Gaussianity and time-reversibility, two important notions related to the probability structure of stationary random signals and their symmetry. Parametric models obtained via second-order statistics (SOS) are appropriate when the available data is Gaussian and time-reversible. On the other hand, evidence of nonlinearity, non-Gaussianity, or time-irreversibility favors the use of higher-order statistics (HOS). In order to validate Gaussianity and time-reversibility, and quantify the tradeoffs between SOS and HOS, consistent, time-domain chi-squared statistical tests are developed. Exact asymptotic distributions are derived to estimate the power of the tests, including a covariance expression for fourth-order sample cumulants. A modification of existing linearity tests in the presence of additive Gaussian noise is discussed briefly. The novel Gaussianity statistic is computationally attractive, leads to a constant-false-alarm-rate test and is well suited for parametric modeling because it employs the minimal HOS lags which uniquely characterize ARMA processes. Simulations include comparisons with an existing frequency-domain approach and an application to real seismic data. Time-reversibility tests are also derived and their performance is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Topoisomerase Targeted Agents – Chemistry to Chemotherapy (1998)

This meeting demonstrated the extent of new knowledge on the interaction of topoisomerase enzymes with DNA at the molecular level, including their high level of sequence recognition and their efficient DNA cleavage and religation mechanisms. Speakers discussed the use of this new knowledge to create detailed models of enzyme/DNA/drug ternary complexes, and to design more efficient enzyme inhibitors. Other factors needed to turn an efficient inhibitor into a useful drug were also reported on; these included selectivity, distribution, metabolism, macromolecular binding, scheduling and toxicity profiles.
Formation of giant polymer vesicles by simple double emulsification using block copolymers as the sole surfactant (2021)

Polymer vesicles that mimic the function of cell membranes can be obtained through the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers. The cell-like characteristics of polymer vesicles, such as the core-shell structure, semi-permeability and tunable surface chemistry make them excellent building blocks for artificial cells. However, the standard preparation methods for polymer vesicles can be time consuming, require special equipment, or have low encapsulation efficiency for large components, such as nanomaterials and proteins. Here, we introduce a new encapsulation strategy based on a simple double emulsification (SDE) approach which allows giant polymer vesicles to be formed in a short time and with basic laboratory equipment. The SDE method requires a single low molecular weight block copolymer that has the dual role of macromolecular surfactant and membrane building block. Giant polymer vesicles with diameters between 20-50 μm were produced, which allowed proteins and nanoparticles to be encapsulated. To demonstrate its practical application, we used the SDE method to assemble a simple artificial cell that mimics a two-step enzymatic cascade reaction. The SDE method described here introduces a new tool for simple and rapid fabrication of synthetic compartments.
Querying in C# (2007)

Language Integrated Query (LINQ) is part of the upcoming version 3.5 of the .NET Framework. As a combination of APIs and enhancements to the .NET programming languages, LINQ provides a uniform approach to querying of data across any data source. LINQ pulls the querying experience into the programming language space, providing full static typing and tool support.
Spectroscopy of systems of two identical atoms: effects of quantum interference (2016)

Several effects of quantum interference in spectroscopy of a system of two atoms are discussed. (i) In the system of spatially separated atoms in a one-dimensional (1D) geometry (a single-mode waveguide or photon crystal), a (meta)stable excited entangled state can be formed, its decay being very sensitive to the distance between the atoms and to perturbations which cause a difference between their resonance frequencies. (ii) In a system of closely located atoms in 3D space, the extreme sensitivity of absorption and fluorescence spectra to the direction of the applied magnetic field is demonstrated. These theoretical predictions can be useful for the quantum information processing and ultrasensitive measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEX CHEMISTRY OF REACTIVE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, XIV. THE REACTIONS OF ALIPHATIC DIAZO COMPOUNDS WITH THE TRICARBONYL(CYCLOPENTADIENYL)HYDRIDES OF MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN (1977)

Abstract Die Diazoverbindungen (III), (V), (VII) und (VIII) zeigen in ihrer Reaktivität zu den Titelkomplexen (II) starke konstitutionsbedingte Unterschiede.
Protein Therapeutics in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases (2017)

This chapter discusses how the increased understanding has led to the development of new therapeutics to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). TNF-α antagonists were the first biologic agents to be evaluated and approved for the treatment RA. TNF-α antagonists have dramatically improved outcomes for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis since their approval over a decade ago, and are extensively characterized. It is clear that environmental factors and genetic factors contribute to a pathologic immune response mediated by multiple cytokines and chemokines. IL-12 and IL-23 are pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by activated antigen-producing cells, which bind to receptors on natural killer (NK) cells and CD4+ T cells. Ustekinumab (Stelara) is a human IgG1mAb that recognizes the 40-kDa subunit shared by IL-12 and IL-23. Ustekinumab is a fully humanized IgG1k mAb that binds to the shared p40 subunit of IL-12/IL-23 and prevents binding to IL-12RB1.
Effect of Residual Oil Saturation on the Propagation of Regular, Gelled, and In-Situ Gelled Acids inside Carbonate Formations (2011)

Abstract In oil fields, serious difficulties with acid-induced sludge, a major source of well damage, can vary from a viscous, stable emulsion. A chemical analysis of sludge shows that hydrochloric acid (HCl) is present in the sludge structure. Also, Fe(III) ions in HCl formulations can cause a large amount of sludge. Even though ferric ion could not be detected in the oil phase or in the sludge, it induces sludge mainly because it works as a phase-transport catalyst for HCl. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the effect of residual oil saturation on the performance of regular, gelled, and in-situ gelled acids, that based on Fe(III) as crosslinker agent, inside the carbonate cores. A core flood study was conducted using Indiana limestone cores (1.5" diameter &amp; 6" long) at 200 °F. Propagation of the acid and crosslinker (Fe(III)) inside the long cores was examined. Analysis of the CT measurements was used to determine the locations of residual polymer inside the core. Acid injection rate was the main parameters that were investigated in this study. Experimental results show that there was no compatibility problem between the used oil and the different acid systems. During injection of pre-flushed water, Pressure drop across the core initially increased because of creating oil bank in the zone behind the water. After reaching the maximum value, the pressure drops across the cores decreased by increasing the volume of water injection due to oil displacement. Increasing the injection rate during the pre-flush stage increases the amount of oil remained inside the core. At any injection rate, regular acid required more pore volume to breakthrough from the core that contains residual oil saturation. At 2.5 cm3/min, gelled acid took less volume to breakthrough from the core that contains residual oil saturation. However at injection rate of 10 cm3/min, gelled acid took higher volume to breakthrough from the core that contains residual oil saturation. At 2.5 cm3/min, damage due to gel was higher inside the core that contains residual oil saturation. However at injection rate of 10 cm3/min, damage due to gel was higher inside the core that contains residual oil saturation.
Highly efficient production of synthesis gas by catalytic gasification of biomass at low reaction temperature (2003)

バイオマスから水素や合成ガスを製造するガス化プロセスは，従来非常に高温を必要としてきた．ここでは，高性能触媒と流動層反応器を用いることによって，従来と比較して圧倒的に低温である773–873K程度で高効率ガス化を実現する新しい触媒反応プロセスの開発を行った．セルロースをモデル化合物として，バッチ供給型及び連続供給型流動層反応装置を用いてガス化性能を評価した．様々な酸化物担体，酸化物担持金属触媒を用いた性能試験から，酸化セリウムに担持したロジウム触媒が他の触媒に比べて高い性能を持つことを見出した．しかし，その触媒を用いた際，経時劣化が確認された．これは，酸化セリウム担体のシンタリングによる表面積低下に起因している．また，水蒸気改質用の担持ニッケル触媒を用いた場合，比較的高い活性を示すものの，炭素析出による経時劣化が観測された．そこで，高表面積担体シリカをもちいてRh/CeO2/SiO2を調製し，性能試験を行ったところ，炭素ペースのガスへの転化率がRh/CeO2と比較して，大きく向上し，同時に安定した活性を得ることに成功した．これらと従来型ガス化を比較した場合，より低温で高い合成ガス収量を安定に与える高効率プロセスになり得ることが示された．