gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enriching textbooks with images (2011)

Textbooks have a direct bearing on the quality of education imparted to the students. Therefore, it is of paramount importance that the educational content of textbooks should provide rich learning experience to the students. Recent studies on understanding learning behavior suggest that the incorporation of digital visual material can greatly enhance learning. However, textbooks used in many developing regions are largely text-oriented and lack good visual material. We propose techniques for finding images from the web that are most relevant for augmenting a section of the textbook, while respecting the constraint that the same image is not repeated in different sections of the same chapter. We devise a rigorous formulation of the image assignment problem and present a polynomial time algorithm for solving the problem optimally. We also present two image mining algorithms that utilize orthogonal signals and hence obtain different sets of relevant images. Finally, we provide an ensembling algorithm for combining the assignments. To empirically evaluate our techniques, we use a corpus of high school textbooks in use in India. Our user study utilizing the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform indicates that the proposed techniques are able to obtain images that can help increase the understanding of the textbook material.
Demonstration of high-speed signaling for protection under multiple-priority-class traffic in WDM ring networks (2010)

We have demonstrated the world's first high-speed signaling method for protection under multiple-priority-class traffic in WDM ring networks. This method is effective for actual WDM ring networks deploying ROADM node.
Effect of ethyl cellulose coating as an evaluation agent against contamination on the bond strength of zirconia restorations: An in vitro study (2022)

Coating with ethyl cellulose may protect the bonding surface of zirconia restorations from salivary contamination better than cleaning a contaminated surface.
Min-plus System Theory Applied to Communication Networks (2002)

Network Calculus is a set of recent developments, which provide a deep insight into flow problems encountered in networking. It can be viewed as the system theory that applies to computer networks. Contrary to traditional system theory, it relies on max-plus and min-plus algebra. In this paper, we show how a simple but important fixed-point theorem (residuation theorem in min-plus algebra) can be successfully applied to a number of problems in networking, such as window flow control, multimedia smoothing, and bounds on loss rates.
ChemInform Abstract: (Diphenylphosphino)biheteroaryls: The First Example of a New Class of Chiral Atropisomeric Chelating Diphosphine Ligands for Transition Metal Catalyzed Stereoselective Reactions. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Robust and Efficient Recovery of Rigid Motion from Subspace Constraints Solved using Recursive Identification of Nonlinear Implicit Systems (1994)

The problem of estimating rigid motion from projections may be characterized using a non-linear dynamical system, composed of the rigid motion transformation and the perspective map. The time derivative of the output of such a system, which is also called the "motion field", is bilinear in the motion parameters, and may be used to specify a subspace constraint on either the direction of translation or the inverse depth of the observed points. Estimating motion may then be formulated as an optimization task constrained on such a subspace. Heeger and Jepson [5], who first introduced this constraint, solve the optimization task using an extensive search over the possible directions of translation. We reformulate the optimization problem in a systems theoretic framework as the identification of a dynamic system in exterior differential form with parameters on a differentiable manifold, and use techniques which pertain to nonlinear estimation and identification theory to perform the optimization task in a principled manner. The general technique for addressing such identification problems [14] has been used successfully in addressing other problems in computational vision [13, 121. The application of the general method [14] results in a recursive and pseudo-optimal solution of the motion problem, which has robustness properties far superior to other existing techniques we have implemented. By releasing the constraint that the visible points lie in front of the observer, we may explain some psychophysical effects on the nonrigid percept of rigidly moving shapes. Experiments on real and synthetic image sequences show very promising results in terms of robustness, accuracy and computational efficiency.
A Novel Mechanism for the Immunomodulatory Functions of Class II MHC–Derived Peptides (2003)

There is now extensive evidence that synthetic peptides corresponding to linear sequences of MHC molecules are effective immunoregulators, targeting the immune response at many different sites. It has been previously shown that peptides derived from a highly conserved region of MHC class II inhibit proliferation to autoantigen and to both the direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition. This study demonstrates that inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by nonpolymorphic MHC class II peptides, specifically HLA-DQA1, is sequence-specific and that the inhibitory effect is mediated through the induction of apoptosis in antigen-presenting cells via a caspase-independent mechanism. In addition, T lymphocytes stimulated in the presence of HLA-DQA1 are rendered hyporesponsive to subsequent stimuli. Immunomodulation by HLA-DQA1 is effective in vivo because it prevents both the priming and the effector function of primed allogeneic T cells in a murine DTH model. These observations have important implications for the development of a novel therapy for immune-mediated diseases.
Using visualization to support network and application management in a data center (2008)

We argue that there is a continuum between completely manual and completely automated management of networks and distributed applications. The ability to visualize the status of the network and applications inside a data center allows human users to rapidly asses the health of the system - quickly identifying problems that span across components and solving problems that challenge fully autonomic and machine-learning based management systems. We present a case study that highlights the requirements on visualization systems designed for the management of networks and applications inside large data centers. We explain the design of the Visual-I system that meets these requirements and the experience of an operations team using Visual-I.
Alicyclic Ring Structure: Conformational Influence of the CF2 Group in Cyclododecanes (2011)

Getting out of the way: In fluorinated cyclododecane structures the CF2 group locates only at corner positions (see picture). This relaxes 1,4-H,H transannular interactions as a result of C-CF2-C angle widening. Misplaced CF2 groups lead to significant ring distortion. It follows that strategic incorporation of CF2 groups has potential as a design feature to introduce order and polarity into organic hydrocarbon structures. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Enzymatic Dehydrogenation of Podophyllotoxin Congeners by Yeast Cells. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Angioplasty in severe heart attack. Anesthesia and general management. (2002)

The role of GPIIb-IIIa inhibitors in determining an excessive postoperative bleeding still remains to be defined, but probably mainly depends on the type of drug, its dose, and the time between its administration and the operation.
All-optical modulation format conversion from frequency-shift-keying to phase-shift-keying by using optical double-sideband modulation technique (2005)

We propose a novel optical modulation format conversion technique using double-sideband suppressed-carrier modulation. An optical 10 Gbps frequency-shift-keying signal was directly converted into a phase-shift-keying signal.
Modeling and measuring the effects of mutual impedance on multi-cell CMUT configurations (2010)

This paper presents a numerical method for calculating the frequency response of a CMUT with a large number of cells. In a multi-cell configuration, commonly found in CMUTs, each cell is affected by the acoustic loading from neighboring cells. Thus, for an accurate model of a multi-cell CMUT element it is better to consider the mutual acoustic impedance instead of the acoustic impedance of a single cell only. We calculate the velocity of every cell (plate movement) simultaneously, with the mutual impedance effects taken into account. The model predicts that the cells exhibit different frequency responses, based on their locations in the element. We used a laser interferometer to validate the model by measuring the displacement response of a CMUT immersed in vegetable oil. The device has 169 circular cells (single crystal silicon plates, 500 nm thick, 21 μm radii) placed in a hexagonal cell arrangement. The measurement results agree well with the numerical results. The computation time of our method is significantly shorter than finite element based calculations. Our model can be used for finding optimized cell configurations for CMUTs utilized in various applications such as medical imaging and therapeutic treatment.
Effect of Active Layer Thickness on Device Performance of Tungsten-Doped InZnO Thin-Film Transistor (2016)

Tungsten (~4 at. %)-doped InZnO thin-film transistors were fabricated as a function of the active layer thickness using an RF sputtering system. To explain the degradation of the device performance in relation to the changes of the active layer thickness, the correlations between the device performance and the physical properties, including the film density, surface/interface roughness, band edge state below the conduction band, refractive index, and composition along the depth direction were investigated. Tungsten-doped indium-zinc oxide (WIZO) TFTs with active layer thickness of 10 nm exhibited the highest field effect mobility of 19.57 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs and the lowest threshold voltage shift of 0.62 V. The enhancement of the device performance is strongly correlated with the highest film density and a flat interface roughness of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -WIZO. In addition, interface layer thickness and band edge states below the conduction band were changed with increasing active layer thickness. These remarkable changes in the interface layer thickness and band edge state could be correlated to changes in the device performance.
Cloning and Characterization of a Gene Encoding an Immunoglobulin-Binding Receptor on the Cell Surface of Some Members of the FamilyTrypanosomatidae (2003)

ABSTRACT Several members of the Trypanosomatidae family, when freshly isolated from their mammalian hosts, have immunoglobulins adsorbed to their cell surfaces. However, a significant portion of these antibody molecules is not parasite specific, i.e., the immunoglobulins are bound to the parasite's cell surface molecules via noncognitive interactions. It has been proposed that this noncognitive adsorption of immunoglobulins to the parasite is mediated by an Fc-like receptor present in several members of the Trypanosomatidae family. However, the molecular identification of this receptor has never been defined. Here, we describe the cloning of a gene encoding a protein that might represent this molecule. The gene, named Lmsp1 , was cloned by screening a Leishmania major cDNA expression library using a rabbit antiserum. Lmsp1 is present in both Leishmania and Trypanosoma and is expressed in all developmental stages of these parasites. The predicted protein has a molecular mass of 16.6 kDa and contains an RGD sequence starting at residue 104 and three cysteine residues at positions 55, 74, and 116. The purified recombinant protein strongly binds to normal immunoglobulins of various animal species (humans, rabbits, sheep, goats, guinea pigs, donkeys, rats, and mice) and the binding to human immunoglobulins appears to be immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM isotype specific. Moreover, Lmsp1 binds to both purified Fc and Fab fragments of IgG from both humans and rabbits. The mapping of the Lmsp1 epitopes that bind human IgG revealed that different sequences of the molecule bind to Fc or Fab. In addition, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analyses with a specific rabbit anti- Lmsp1 antiserum showed that Lmsp1 is associated with the parasite's cell surface. Finally, inhibition experiments point to an active role of this molecule in the immunoglobulin-mediated attachment and penetration of Trypanosoma cruzi in its macrophage host cells, thus suggesting that Lmsp1 is a putative Trypanosomatidae immunoglobulin receptor.
Airflow Simulation around Railroad Cars of Shin-Kan-Sen (1991)

A new FEM/FDM composite scheme for two-dimensional incompressible flow problems combining the finite element method which is best suited to analyse flow in any arbitrarily shaped flow geometry and the finite difference method which is advantageous in both computing time and computer storage is presented. The combination of both methods enables large-scale viscous flows to be analysed and it is crucial for both the detailed analysis of three-dimensional flows and the solving of flow problems around moving bodies. Numerical results for cars of a railroad car entering a tunnel and cars passing each other correlate well with results obtained by measurements on actual cars and model analysis.
Photonic bandgap membrane microresonator (1998)

We have designed and fabricated an optical microcavity formed from a defect in a two-dimensionally patterned, half wavelength thick, InGaAs/InGaAsP multi-quantum well membrane.
Constrained and regularized variants of non-negative matrix factorization incorporating music-specific constraints (2012)

Music spectrograms typically have many structural regularities that can be exploited to help solve the problem of decomposing a given spectrogram into distinct musically meaningful components. In this paper, we introduce new variants of the non-negative matrix factorization concept that incorporate music-specific constraints.
One chip, PLC three-mode exchanger based on symmetric and asymmetric directional couplers with integrated mode rotator (2017)

A three-mode exchanger composed of symmetric and asymmetric directional couplers is proposed for mode-division-multiplexing system. Theoretical design shows low-loss and highly efficient mode exchanging is possible. Fabricated device exhibits successful mode exchanging for LP01 mode.
A 30 μm Coaxial Nanowire Photoconductor Enabling Orthogonal Carrier Collection (2015)

We describe the preparation and properties of a coaxial, three-layer, gold-CdSe-gold nanowire 30 μm in length that functions as a monolithic photodetector. The gold (Au) electrode core of this sandwich structure is prepared using the lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition (LPNE) method on a glass surface. A CdSe shell of defined thickness, dCdSe, from 200 to 280 nm is then electrodeposited on this Au nanowire. Finally, a conformal gold layer is electrodeposited on top of the CdSe shell. The two concentric gold electrodes within this architecture measure the photoconductivity of the ultrathin CdSe absorbing layer in the direction orthogonal to the nanowire axis. This architecture enables accelerated response/recovery of the nanowire to light while simultaneously maximizing the photoconductive gain without relinquishing any of the photoresponsive area of a "bare" nanowire. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of focused ion beam (FIB) cross sections together with electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) reveal the distinct core-multishell nanostructure, layer thicknesses, and layer compositions. The position-dependent photoresponse along the axis of the nanowire, probed using a laser spot, shows that the Au nanoshell significantly enhances the photocurrent. The performance of Au-CdSe-Au core-multishell nanowire photodetectors depend sensitively on the thickness of CdSe nanoshell over the range of from 200 nm < dCdSe < 280 nm. The highest performance was obtained for the dCdSe = 250 nm this device, which showed a photoconductive gain of 2172, a responsivity of 209 A·W(-1), a response time of 17 μs, and a recovery time of 96 μs.
<title>Giant-grain copper metallization for high reliability and high-speed ULSI interconnects</title> (1993)

By using the low kinetic energy particle process, Cu films grown on SiO<SUB>2</SUB> under a sufficient amount of energy deposition exhibit almost perfect crystal orientation conversion from Cu(111) to Cu(100) after thermal annealing. This crystal orientation conversion is always accompanied by giant-grain-growth in the film as large as several hundred micrometers. The crystal orientation conversion is primarily governed by the total energy density deposited to the film during film growth. In this work, we have discovered another important factor that governs the crystal orientation conversion, i.e., the total amount of energy deposition to the entire film. The crystal orientation conversion by thermal annealing is observed only for film thickness greater than 1.0 micrometers . In terms of electrical properties, the resistivity of giant- grain-Cu film at a room temperature is 1.78 (mu) (Omega) (DOT)cm, which is almost identical to the bulk resistivity (1.72 (mu) (Omega) (DOT)cm). And electromigration lifetime for giant- grain-Cu interconnect is approximately 3 - 5 orders of magnitude larger than those for Al-alloy interconnects at a room temperature.
Pitavastatin-Incorporated Nanoparticle-Eluting Stents Attenuate In-Stent Stenosis without Delayed Endothelial Healing Effects in a Porcine Coronary Artery Model (2012)

Pitava-NP-eluting stents attenuated in-stent stenosis as effectively as SES without the delayed endothelial healing effects of SES in a porcine coronary artery model. This nanotechnology platform could be developed into a safer and more effective device in the future.
1 Photodisintegration of three- and four- nucleon systems ∗ (1997)

Three- and four-nucleon photodisintegration processes are quite efficiently treated by means of effective two-body integral equations in momentum space. We recall some aspects of their derivation, present previous and most recent results obtained within this framework, and discuss general features, trends and effects observed in these investigations: At low energies final-state interaction plays an important role. Even more pronounced is the effect of meson exchange currents. A considerable potential dependence shows up in the low-energy peak region. The different peak heights are found to be closely correlated with the corresponding binding energies. Above the peak region only the difference between potentials with or without p-wave contributions remains relevant. In the differential cross sections the electric quadrupole contributions have to be taken into account. The remarkable agreement between theory and experiment in p-d radiative capture is achieved only when incorporating this contribution, together with most of the above-mentioned effects. In the final part of this report we briefly review also methods developed, and results achieved in three- and four- nucleon electrodisintegration. We, in particular, compare them with a recent access to this problem, based on the construction
Polysaccharide hydrogels for regenerative medicine applications (2014)

This chapter begins by reviewing the structure and origin of polysaccharides commonly used in hydrogels and then moves on to a brief discussion of the role of structural polysaccharides throughout tissues in the body. Common chemical modification techniques are discussed, followed by approaches used to crosslink polysaccharides into insoluble hydrogels. The authors will also describe recent research approaches for polysaccharide hydrogel materials as scaffolds for tissue engineering, vehicles for drug delivery, and tissue adhesives. The goal of this chapter is to provide the reader with an overview of the exciting potential of polysaccharide-based hydrogels in medicine.
Diastereoselective Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of C‐Aryl and C‐Vinyl Glycosides (2012)

Cobalt, the catalyst of choice: The diastereoselective cobalt-catalyzed cross-coupling of 1-bromo glycosides and aryl or vinyl Grignard reagents is described. A convenient and inexpensive catalyst, [Co(acac)(3)]/tmeda (acac = acetylacetonate, tmeda = N,N'-tetramethylethylenediamine), gives full α selectivity in the mannose and galactose series, and an α selectivity in the glucose series with α/β ratios of 1.3:1-3:1.
Excited state distortions from resonance Raman overtone intensities in tripotassium nitrosylpentacyanochromate (K3[Cr(CN)5NO]) (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExcited state distortions from resonance Raman overtone intensities in tripotassium nitrosylpentacyanochromate (K3[Cr(CN)5NO])Yun Yen Yang and Jeffrey I. ZinkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 5, 1500–1501Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00317a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00317a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts