gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lamivudine monoprophylaxis and adefovir salvage for liver transplantation in chronic hepatitis B: A seven‐year follow‐up study (2008)

In Asia Pacific countries, lamivudine is used frequently as the sole prophylaxis for hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence after liver transplantation due to financial consideration. The aim was to evaluate the long-term outcome of lamivudine monoprophylaxis with adefovir salvage for liver transplantation in chronic hepatitis B. Consecutive chronic hepatitis B patients who received liver transplantation from 1999 to 2003 and with at least 12 months follow up were studied. Lamivudine monotherapy was used for antiviral prophylaxis and adefovir was added as salvage treatment for recurrence of HBV. Twenty-four patients were followed up for 272 (76-372) weeks post-liver transplantation. HBV recurrence developed in seven patients with cumulative probabilities of 8%, 13%, 28%, 35%, 35%, and 49% in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years. At the time of recurrence of HBV, the HBV DNA level was 910,244 (363 to 9 x 10(8)) copies/ml. On direct sequencing, four patients had rtM204I mutation and three patients HBV DNA levels were too low for sequencing. Six patients had elevated ALT (two patients had ALT >1,000 IU/L and jaundice) but none had hepatic encephalopathy. After adefovir treatment for 150 (91-193) weeks, six (86%) patients had normal ALT. HBV DNA was undetectable in two (29%) patients, 100-1,000 copies/ml in two (29%) patients and 10,000-100,000 copies/ml in three (43%) patients on last visit. No genotypic resistance to adefovir was detected. Lamivudine followed by adefovir salvage is effective for prophylaxis of recurrence of HBV after liver transplantation up to 7 years.
Identification and functional characterisation of a novel N-cyanoamidine neonicotinoid metabolising cytochrome P450, CYP9Q6, from the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris (2019)

Recent work has shown that two bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) cytochrome P450s of the CYP9Q subfamily, CYP9Q4 and CYP9Q5, are important biochemical determinants of sensitivity to neonicotinoid insecticides. Here, we report the characterisation of a third P450 gene CYP9Q6, previously mis-annotated in the genome of B. terrestris, encoding an enzyme that metabolises the N-cyanoamidine neonicotinoids thiacloprid and acetamiprid with high efficiency. The genomic location and complete ORF of CYP9Q6 was corroborated by PCR and its metabolic activity characterised in vitro by expression in an insect cell line. CYP9Q6 metabolises both thiacloprid and acetamiprid more rapidly than the previously reported CYP9Q4 and CYP9Q5. We further demonstrate a direct, in vivo correlation between the expression of the CYP9Q6 enzyme in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster and an increased tolerance to thiacloprid and acetamiprid. We conclude that CYP9Q6 is an efficient metaboliser of N-cyanoamidine neonicotinoids and likely plays a key role in the high tolerance of B. terrestris to these insecticides.
Modern approaches to augmented reality Video files associated with this course are available from the citation page (2007)

This tutorial discusses the Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR) concept, its advantages and limitations. It will present examples of state-of-the-art display configurations, appropriate real-time rendering techniques, details about hardware and software implementations, and current areas of application. Specifically, it will describe techniques for optical combination using single/multiple spatially aligned mirror-beam splitters, image sources, transparent screens and optical holograms. Furthermore, it presents techniques for projector-based augmentation of geometrically complex and textured display surfaces, and (along with optical combination) methods for achieving consistent illumination and occlusion effects. Emerging technologies that have the potential of enhancing future augmented reality displays will be surveyed.
851 Targeted Intracecal anti-α4β7 Integrin Antibody Results in Reduce Accumulation of α4β7 Memory T-cells in Gut Tissue in DSS-induced Colitis Mice (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Systemically administered anti-α4β7 integrin antibodies such as Vedolizumab have been approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The objective of this study was to assess whether intracecally (IC) delivered anti-mouse α4β7 integrin antibody (DATK32) might penetrate the mucosa and confer efficacy compared with systemic intraperitoneal (IP) injection in DSS-induced colitis mice. METHODS: Animals underwent implantation of a cecal cannula for topical bolus delivery in the IC groups. Acute colitis was induced by exposure to 3% DSS drinking water from Day 0-5. DATK32 was administrated via IP (25 mg/kg) every 3 days (Q3D), IC (25 mg/kg) Q3D, or IC (25 or 5 mg/kg) every day (QD) from Day 0 to 14. At Day 14, plasma, colon content and tissue were collected for DATK32 measurement; and Peyer’s patches (PP), mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN), and whole blood were collected for α4β7 memory T-cell counts. RESULTS: Significantly higher colon content and tissue exposure but limited blood exposure of DATK32 were found in IC QD groups compared to IP Q3D group. Immunohistochemistry staining of DATK32 was found in all layers of colon tissue, and as deep as tunica muscularis when delivered IC. The α4β7 memory T-cell count was significantly reduced in mLN in all IC groups compared to vehicle control and IP groups. Similar findings were observed in PP with IC QD treatment. Finally, the α4β7 memory T-cell count in blood was significantly increased in IC QD but not IC Q3D groups compared to vehicle control and IP group. CONCLUSION: In this study, we demonstrated that targeted IC anti-α4β7 integrin antibody lead to significantly higher drug exposure in colon contents and tissues with limited blood exposure compared to IP. Targeted IC QD treatment showed a significantly reduced α4β7 memory T-cell counts in PP and mLN representing populations within inflamed jejunal and colon tissues. Additionaly, an increased number of α4β7 memory T-cells was found in blood with targeted IC DATK32 compared to IP, suggesting T cells that have trafficked from blood to tissue can undergo reverse trafficking. Recent publications have reported a dose dependent increase in efficacy with systemically delivered anti-α4β7 despite full T-cell receptor occupancy in blood. Results of this study point to the potential for increased efficacy with high concentrations in local inflamed tissues. Although the mechanism of action is unclear, results suggest topically delivered anti-α4β7 may be an efficacious treatment in IBD.
DEVELOPMENT OF VIBRATION PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES BASED ON THE MR (METALLIC RUBBER) MATERIAL FOR RUSSIAN LOCOMOTIVES (2019)

The article describes the use of the elastic-porous damped wire material MR for solving the problems of ensuring vibration safety when creating locomotives of a new generation. Vibration isolators made of MR material for railway diesel generators and the vibration protection system of the drivers cabin of the TEM-28 locomotive are considered.
Abstract 4202: Peptide probes binding to radiation-inducible cell surface GRP78 as a novel targeting strategy for various tumors (2016)

Abstract Traditional radiation therapy is often associated with significant toxicity to normal cells that could limit the success of cancer therapy. The greater understanding in the molecular differences between cancer cells and normal cells has lead to targeted therapies in cancer treatment. We have discovered novel radiation-inducible antigens in cancer using phage-display peptide libraries. One such inducible-antigen is Glucose regulated protein 78kDa (GRP78) that was shown to bind the hexapeptide GIRLRG. GRP78 is known to regulate cellular stresses, including hypoglycemia, hypoxia and the ER stress response. It is over-expressed in different cancer subtypes and has been correlated to their poor prognosis. In this study, we evaluated the cell surface induction of GRP78 post irradiation (IR) on lung cancer (A549 and LLC), glioma (D54 and GL261) and endothelial (HUVEC and 3B11) cell lines using flow cytometry. Significantly higher surface expression of GRP78 was observed in all cell lines. We determined the specificity of GIRLRG to bind tumors in vivo using nano SPECT technology. GIRLRG was conjugated to a 40KDa PEG (for longer circulation time) and radiolabelled with 111Indium (111In) using diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) as the chelator. The A549 tumor bearing nude mice were irradiated (3Gy x 3 times) or sham irradiated prior to tail vein injections of 111In labeled GIRLRG. The mice were imaged 48h and 96h post injection using nano CT-SPECT imager. The SPECT images revealed that GIRLRG specifically bound to the irradiated A549 tumors while little or no binding was seen in the sham irradiated tumors. The post-SPECT imaging bio-distrubution also revealed maximum uptake in irradiated tumors. We further evaluated tumor binding of GIRLRG in Glioma (D54), esophageal cancer (OE33), cervical cancer (HT3), and pancreatic cancer (BxPC3). The nano-SPECT imaging showed that GIRLRG specifically bound to all the irradiated tumors tested. Phosphor images of the tumor sections showed that GIRLRG specifically bound to the tumors and not to normal tissues. In conclusion, GIRLRG peptide has high affinity to GRP78 in vitro and in vivo. Radiolabeled GIRLRG is a novel tool for imaging tumors and may be developed further as a therapeutic agent to deliver cancer specific drugs or therapeutic radioisotopes. Citation Format: Vaishali Kapoor, David Dadey, Kim Nguyen, Hua Li, Buck Rogers, Dinesh Thotala, Dennis Hallahan. Peptide probes binding to radiation-inducible cell surface GRP78 as a novel targeting strategy for various tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4202.
Carbocyclic L-Nucleoside Analogs as Potential Antiviral Agents (2008)

The syntheses of several carbocyclic L-nucleoside analogs starting from enantiomerically pure (1R,2S)-2-benzyloxymethylcyclopent-3-enol are described. The key step is the coupling of a protected nucleobase with different cyclopentane derivatives following a modified Mitsunobu protocol.
Comparative functional analysis of CYP71AV1 natural variants reveals an important residue for the successive oxidation of amorpha‐4,11‐diene (2012)

Artemisinin is an antimalarial sesquiterpenoid isolated from the aerial parts of the plant Artemisia annua. CYP71AV1, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase was identified in the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway. CYP71AV1 catalyzes three successive oxidation steps at the C12 position of amorpha-4,11-diene to produce artemisinic acid. In this study, we isolated putative CYP71AV1 orthologs in different species of Artemisia. Comparative functional analysis of CYP71AV1 and its putative orthologs, together with homology modeling, enabled us to identify an amino acid residue (Ser479) critical for the second oxidation reaction catalyzed by CYP71AV1. Our results clearly show that a comparative study of natural variants is useful to investigate the structure-function relationships of CYP71AV1.
ChemInform Abstract: Callipeltins B and C; Bioactive Peptides from a Marine Lithistida Sponge Callipelta sp. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improvement of Interfacial Characteristics and Reliability in Poly/SiON Gate Stack by Catalytic Effect of Hafnium Incorporation Technique (2009)

2009 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Improvement of Interfacial Characteristics and Reliability in Poly/SiON Gate Stack by Catalytic Effect of Hafnium Incorporation Technique
2.5 GSPS/1 GHz wide band digital receiver (2004)

Today's very deep submicron IC technology enables high performance analog and digital applications to be integrated on a single IC chip. For this effort, a design of 2.5 giga-sample per second (GSPS) electronic warfare (EW) receiver-on-a-chip (ROC) is presented. For our design, we take advantage of a super-resolution technique to reduce sidelobes and spurs for improving instantaneous dynamic range. A major goal is to produce a low cost, small and lightweight, and low power EW ROC. Our design covers a 1 GHz bandwidth (125 MHz - 1125 MHz), and it correctly processes two simultaneous signals by detecting their frequency, pulse width (PW), and time of arrival (TOA). The single or dual signal, spur free dynamic ranges and two signal instantaneous dynamic ranges of our design are high. The minimum frequency separation of two signals is 10 MHz (one channel width), the maximum amplitude separation of two signals is 18 dB, and the second signal false alarm is less than 1%.
Copeptin, a surrogate marker for vasopressin, is associated with kidney function decline in subjects with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (2012)

In ADPKD subjects, a higher copeptin concentration is associated with kidney function decline during follow-up, suggesting that copeptin may be a new marker to predict kidney outcome in ADPKD.
Mobility Aware Routing for the Airborne Network backbone (2008)

The airborne network (AN) will form an essential part of the global information grid in the future, thus providing information and decision superiority to US armed forces. AN is an enabling technology for network centric warfare. AN is different from the terrestrial mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and the wire-line internet, both in terms of network capability and underlying assumptions. The backbone nodes of the AN are envisioned to fly in pre-planned orbits whose knowledge can be exploited for efficient routing. In this paper we propose a dynamic adaptive routing protocol that uses known trajectories of the AN nodes to enhance performance. Our routing protocol has two components: (1) a Mobility Aware Routing Protocol (MARP), that routes traffic based on the knowledge of network topology with respect to time and makes preemptive decisions to minimize packet losses due to link failure and discover better routes, and (2) a Mobility Dissemination protocol (MDP) that informs all network nodes of any deviation from the preplanned behavior. We analyze MARP/MDP protocol suite using the QualNet network simulator for representative AN deployment scenarios and compare performance with proactive and reactive MANET routing protocols. We use packet delivery ratio, end-to-end latency and control overhead as performance metrics. We also analyze the performance of the MARP/MDP routing protocol for varying degrees of prediction accuracy. This work is part of an ongoing Phase II Small Business Innovation Research program administered by the Air Force Research Laboratory/Information Directorate in Rome, New York.
Using ALISA for high-speed classification of the components and their concentrations in mixtures of radioisotopes (2004)

An ALISA Vector Module (AVM) is trained on the discrete gamma-ray emission spectra of 61 commonly occurring radioisotopes generated by an analytical model. The trained AVM is then used to decompose the spectra captured from actual sources in the field using low-resolution thallium-activated sodium-iodide (NaI) detectors and/or high-resolution high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors using QR Factorization to find the optimal least-squares solution for an over-specified system of equations, even if inconsistent. For low-resolution NaI detectors, formal experiments conducted under carefully controlled laboratory conditions yield average classification (spectral decomposition) errors less than 6% in mixtures with up to 10 components in test samples consisting of 1,000 photonic events, which requires just a few seconds to obtain in typical situations. Preliminary experiments with the high-resolution HPGe detector yield dramatically smaller errors than with the NaI detector. Further improvements in the accuracy and precision of the training data, as well as fusion with other powerful classification methods, are expected to reduce the error without prohibitively increasing the computation time.
Multi-connectivity in 5G New Radio: Optimal resource allocation for split bearer and data duplication (2023)

Mobile radio networks have been evolving towards the integration of services and devices with a diverse set of throughput, latency, and reliability requirements. To support these requirements, 3GPP has introduced Multi Connectivity (MC) as a more flexible architecture for 5G New Radio (NR), where multiple radio links can be simultaneously activated to split or duplicate data traffic. Multi connectivity improves single user performance at the cost of higher interference due to the increase of radio transmissions, which negatively affects system throughput. This paper analyzes the problem of admission control and resource allocation in multi connectivity scenarios, considering different requirements and 5G NR features. Specifically, we formulate two optimization problems that leverage the features of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, which controls the flow of data packets of the data radio bearer: the PDCP Split-Bearer Decision (PSD) and the PDCP Duplication Decision (PDD) problems, which are tailored for the enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (uRLLC) services, respectively. We further provide heuristic approaches, specifically designed for the PSD and PDD problems, to effectively solve both these problems. Numerical results in realistic network deployments confirm that our solutions can effectively allocate radio resources increasing admission rate and system throughput, while guaranteeing the required reliability level.
Shared Protected Elastic Optical Path Network Design that Applies Iterative Re-optimization based on Resource Utilization Efficiency Measures (2012)

We propose an advanced RSA algorithm that employs iterative path relocation for shared protected elastic optical path networks. It enhances backup path sharing and reduces spectrum fragmentation. Numerical experiments verify that the proposed method can substantially reduce the total number of fibers and frequency slots needed.
Growth of Highly Crystalline GaN at High Growth Rate by Trihalide Vapor‐Phase Epitaxy (2020)

Free‐standing gallium nitride (GaN) wafers are being increasingly used for high‐power and high‐frequency electronic devices. However, these have to be produced at low costs while maintaining high quality. With the aim of reducing the cost of manufacturing GaN substrates, trihalide vapor‐phase epitaxy (THVPE) is investigated to explore the effect of growth temperatures up to 1400 °C. High growth rate and high crystal quality are achieved simultaneously using THVPE. High‐quality GaN crystals are obtained at the growth rate of more than 300 μm h −1 . Crystal characteristics are confirmed via the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the (002) plane, obtained by the X‐ray two‐crystal (XRC) method. Dark spot density (DSD) measured via cathode luminescence decreases to the level of seed substrate at growth temperatures above 1300 °C. The yellow emission band is not visible in the photoluminescence spectra of the 2 in.‐diameter sample, which is consistent with very small concentrations of carbon impurities in the crystal. In addition to the attainment of high‐purity materials, parasitic polycrystal growth around the wafer and the reactor wall is eliminated, which can improve the productivity of the THVPE, due to very little down time of the reactor.
Introduction (2010)

Abstract The sections in this article are What is a Supercritical Fluid ( SCF )? Practical Aspects of Reactions in Supercritical Fluids The Motivation for Use of SCFs in Modern Chemical Synthesis The History and Applications of SCFs The Discovery of SCFs and Their Use as Solvents Extraction and Chromatography in SCFs The History of Chemical Reactions in SCFs Industrial Use of SCFs as Reaction Media
Basis superposition precision matrix modelling for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (2004)

An important aspect of using Gaussian mixture models in a HMM-based speech recognition systems is the form of the covariance matrix. One successful approach has been to model the inverse covariance, precision, matrix by superimposing multiple bases. This paper presents a general framework of basis superposition. Models are described in terms of parameter tying of the basis coefficients and restrictions in the number of basis. Two forms of parameter tying are described which provide a compact model structure. The first constrains the basis coefficients over multiple basis vectors (or matrices). This is related to the Subspace for Precision and Mean (SPAM) model. The second constrains the basis coefficients over multiple components, yielding as one example heteroscedastic LDA (HLDA). Both maximum likelihood and minimum phone error training of these models are discussed. The performance of various configurations is examined on a conversational telephone speech task, SwitchBoard.
Physical implications of Coulomb's Law (2004)

We examine the theoretical and experimental foundations of Coulomb's Law and review the various roles it plays not only in electromagnetism and electrodynamics, but also in quantum mechanics, cosmology, and thermodynamics. The many implications of Coulomb's Law draw attention to its fundamental importance within virtually all branches of physics and make this elementary yet profound law one of the most useful of all scientific tools.
Wide-scan phased array antenna fed by coax-to-microstriplines for 5G cell phones (2016)

The new design and analysis of a wide-scan phased array antenna for the future 5G cellphone platforms is proposed in this manuscript. The antenna is designed on a low-cost FR-4 substrate with 0.8 mm thickness, 4.3 permittivity, and overall size of Wsub×Lsub=60×120 mm2. Eight dipole antenna elements fed by coax-to-microstriplines have been used to form a linear array at the top portion of the cellphone PCB. The antenna is working at 24 GHz and has end-fire radiation beams with a wide-angle scanning capability. The simulated results in terms of different antenna specifications have been presented and discussed.
Cell death mechanisms induced by synergistic effects of halofuginone and artemisinin in colorectal cancer cells (2021)

Our previous study found that the combination of halofuginone (HF) and artemisinin (ATS) synergistically arrest colorectal cancer (CRC) cells at the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle; however, it remains unclear whether HF-ATS induces cell death. Here we report that HF-ATS synergistically induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in CRC cells. Specifically, both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments showed that HF or HF-ATS induces apoptosis via activation of caspase-9 and caspase-8 while only caspase-9 is involved in ATS-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we found HF or HF-ATS induces autophagy; ATS can't induce autophagy until caspase-9 is blocked. Further analyzing the crosstalk between autophagic and caspase activation in CRC cells, we found autophagy is essential for activation of caspase-8, and ATS switches to activate capase-8 via induction of autophagy when caspase-9 is inhibited. When apoptosis is totally blocked, HF-ATS switches to induce autophagic cell death. This scenario was then confirmed in studies of chemoresistance CRC cells with defective apoptosis. Our results indicate that HF-ATS induces cell death via interaction between apoptosis and autophagy in CRC cells. These results highlight the value of continued investigation into the potential use of this combination in cancer therapy.
Mode and Propagation Effects of Optical Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) Modes in a Ring Fiber (2012)

Single-ring fiber can support 10 OAM modes while maintaining radially sing-mode condition. The crosstalk between the modes is less than -20 dB even in a 1%-ellipticity fiber. OAM0,4 can propagate 500-km with &lt;10-ps mode walk-off.