gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular Ga4L612– Cage Photosensitizes 1,3-Rearrangement of Encapsulated Guest via Photoinduced Electron Transfer (2015)

The K12Ga4L6 supramolecular cage is photoactive and enables an unprecedented photoreaction not observed in bulk solution. Ga4L6(12-) cages photosensitize the 1,3-rearrangement of encapsulated cinnamylammonium cation guests from the linear isomer to the higher energy branched isomer when irradiated with UVA light. The rearrangement requires light and guest encapsulation to occur. The Ga4L6(12-) cage-mediated reaction mechanism was investigated by UV/vis absorption, fluorescence, ultrafast transient absorption, and electrochemical experiments. The results support a photoinduced electron transfer mechanism for the 1,3-rearrangement, in which the Ga4L6(12-) cage absorbs photons and transfers an electron to the encapsulated cinnamylammonium ion, which undergoes C-N bond cleavage, followed by back electron transfer to the cage and recombination of the guest fragments to form the higher energy isomer.
High speed positioning system considering unknown coulomb friction and windup phenomenon (2004)

In a conventional positioning system, when the position error becomes small, the motor cannot obtain enough deceleration torque. Hence, the position response becomes slow. There is also another positioning system that is to design a position reference from trapezoidal speed reference. This positioning system is valid when load torque and the final goal position are given. However, if the load torque and the final goal vary, its position response cannot have the desired response. In order to overcome these problems, this paper proposes a new high speed positioning system of AC servo motor considering unknown coulomb friction and windup phenomenon. The proposed always uses the maximum acceleration or deceleration torque and the maximum speed.
Amphiphilic Biaryl Monophosphine Ligands by Regioselective Sulfonation (2020)

&lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;Amphiphilic ligands are valued for their ability to facilitate organometallic reactions in the presence of water. The regioselective sulfonation of a series of commercially available biaryl monophosphines to generate amphiphilic ligands is presented. In this one-step protocol, the temperature and addition of fuming sulfuric acid were carefully controlled to arrive at sulfonated biaryl monophosphine ligands in high yields with &gt;95% regioselectivity without the need for chromatographic purification.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Microbiological studies during the perinatal period. An attempt to correlate selected bacterial and viral infections with intra-uterine deaths and preterm labour. (1984)

An investigation of the genital, amniotic fluid, placental and neonatal microflora in a population with a high prevalence of amniotic fluid infections and perinatal deaths is reported. Women presenting with preterm labour and intra-uterine death were investigated for the presence in vaginal secretions of a selected variety of pathogenic organisms, and the findings in these patients were compared with those in three groups of controls who presented with normal labour at term or late delivery or who required elective caesarean section as a result of cephalopelvic disproportion. Indirect evidence of infection was also sought by assaying cord blood for immunoglobulin levels and by testing for specific antibodies to well-known congenitally acquired pathogens. The results showed a significant relationship between gonococcal infection, serological evidence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and preterm labour.
Development of Nanostructured Antireflection Coatings for EO/IR Sensor and Solar Cell Applications (2012)

Electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) sensors and photovoltaic power sources are being developed for a variety of defense and commercial applications. One of the critical technologies that will enhance both EO/IR sensor and photovoltaic module performance is the development of high quality nanostructure-based antireflection coatings. In this paper, we review our work on advanced antireflection structures that have been designed by using a genetic algorithm and fabricated by using oblique angle deposition. The antireflection coatings are designed for the wavelength range of 250 nm to 2500 nm and an incidence angle between 00 and 400. These nanostructured antireflection coatings are shown to enhance the optical transmission through transparent windows over a wide band of interest and minimize broadband reflection losses to less than one percent, a substantial improvement over conventional thin-film antireflection coating technologies.
Cosmetic properties of plant derived natural products: antioxidant and UV-protection effects (2012)

The present work aims to identify new promising plant sources which could be exploited for their cosmetic properties. 480 natural products were selected for screening against their antioxidant activity. DPPH assay revealed that 5 compounds were very active, namely esculetin (IC50=33.7µM), ellagic acid (IC50=26.5µM), nordihydroguaiaretic acid (IC50=33.1µM), mearnsetin (IC50=45.1µM) and rosmarinic acid (IC50=41.6µM) and 11 compounds showed moderate activity. The 16 most promising compounds were tested for their capacity to reduce intracellular ROS and to protect skin fibroblasts from UV-induced damage. Twelve compounds with putative UV-protective capacity were identified. The concentration range in which the compounds exert cytotoxic effects was estimated with MTT-method. On the basis of these findings a collection of 450 plant species of the Greek flora was established, and the resulting extract library was tested in the assay panel.
High temperature flexural ultrasonic transducer for non-contact measurement applications (2016)

A prototype flexural ultrasound transducer capable of operating at high temperatures was designed for noncontact measurement applications. A doped bismuth titanate was used as the piezoelectric element; the construction of the transducer was designed using materials and bonding capable of operating at temperatures up to 500°C. The bismuth titanate was characterised by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and impedance analysis; the transducer response was measured using laser interferometry at room temperature. The resulting frequency spectrum showed clear resonance peaks, indicative of an operational flexural transducer.
Frame compatible formats for 3D video distribution (2010)

Stereoscopic video will soon be delivered to the home through various channels. To make this feasible for some channels, the representation of the stereo video is modified to accommodate certain constraints on legacy systems. Among the various constraints that must be considered include the capabilities of production equipment and transmission infrastructure, as well as existing receivers and uncompressed digital interfaces between devices within the home. This paper outlines the typical constraints that are encountered in these domains and provides an overview of the various frame-compatible formats that are being considered for distribution of 3D video through such legacy systems. The benefits and drawbacks of these formats are discussed and the current status in various industry forums is reviewed.
Myocardial and total body extractions of radiorubidium in anesthetized dogs (1975)

Myocardium (EM) and average total body (ETB) extractions of 86-Rb were determined in 24 anesthetized, open-chest dogs. Blood from the coronary sinus and from the pulmonary artery reflected the uptake of 86-Rb by myocardium and the total body, respectively, and extractions were computed from the relative arteriovenous differences (A-V/A). While the arterial concentration of 86-Rb was constant, EM varied from 0.66 plus or minus .02 (SE) at 2-2.5 min to 0.65 plus or minus 0.02 at 5-5.5 min, and ETB varied from 0.63 plus or minus 0.01 to 0.58 plus or minus 0.01 over the same interval. Mean extractions were similar statistically at 2-2.5 min, but individual differences as great as 30% were encountered at the 95% confidence level. After 3 min of 86-Rb administration, EM significantly exceeded ETB (P is less than 0.05) due to the more rapid decline with time of ETB. The similarity of the early extractions of 86-Rb by myocardium and by the total body supports, in general, the use of the radiorubidium uptake method for measuring coronary blood flow. However, the administration of the indicator should be brief, and rather large errors in individual estimates must be anticipated.
Successful treatment of chronic knee pain following localization by a sigma-1 receptor radioligand and PET/MRI: a case report (2018)

We present a case of chronic, debilitating knee pain that resolved with surgery following identification of the pathology with a novel clinical molecular imaging approach that detects chronic pain generators at the molecular and cellular level. This approach has the potential to identify and localize pain-associated pathology in a variety of chronic pain syndromes.
Controlling Directionality and Dimensionality of Radiation by Perturbing Separable Bound States in the Continuum (2016)

A bound state in the continuum (BIC) is an unusual localized state that is embedded in a continuum of extended states. Here, we present the general condition for BICs to arise from wave equation separability. Then we show that by exploiting perturbations of certain symmetry such BICs can be turned into resonances that radiate with a tailorable directionality and dimensionality. Using this general framework, we construct new examples of separable BICs and resonances that can exist in optical potentials for ultracold atoms, photonic systems, and systems described by tight binding. Such resonances with easily reconfigurable radiation allow for applications such as the storage and release of waves at a controllable rate and direction, as well systems that switch between different dimensions of confinement.
What Are the Primary Limitations in B-Cell Affinity Maturation, and How Much Affinity Maturation Can We Drive with Vaccination? (2017)

A key goal of HIV-1 vaccine development is the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeted to the vulnerable regions of the HIV envelope. BnAbs develop over time in ∼50% of HIV-1-infected individuals. However, to date, no vaccines have induced bnAbs and few or none of these vaccine-elicited HIV-1 antibodies carry the high frequencies of V(D)J mutations characteristic of bnAbs. Do the high frequencies of mutations characteristic of naturally induced bnAbs represent a fundamental barrier to the induction of bnAbs by vaccines? Recent studies suggest that high frequencies of V(D)J mutations can be achieved by serial vaccination strategies. Rather, it appears that, in the absence of HIV-1 infection, physiologic immune tolerance controls, including a germinal center process termed affinity reversion, may limit vaccine-driven bnAb development by clonal elimination or selecting for mutations incompatible with bnAb activity.
Synthesis and Precursor‐Directed Biosynthesis of New Hormaomycin Analogues (2006)

Abstract Several new analogues of hormaomycin ( 1 ), a peptide lactone with interesting biological activities, were prepared by total synthesis or by precursor‐directed biosynthesis. The new analogues 2a – c , 3a – c , O ‐MOM‐ 1 and epi ‐ O ‐MOM‐ 1 as well as the model acyl tripeptides 20a – c and 21a – e were tested for their antibiotic activities to give new insights into structure–activity relationships of this class of compounds. In this context, an unexpected activity of 2c against C. albicans was discovered. The precursors necessary for feeding experiments, the amino acids 14a , 14b and 17 , were prepared in 31, 48 and 55 % yield over 4 and 3 steps, respectively. In addition, these studies provided some new information about the biosynthetic route to furnish compound 1 . They also support the notion that the combination of chemical and biological methods may provide a broad range of analogues of an interesting biologically active natural product. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The high speed packet data evolution of WCDMA (2002)

The first step of evolving WCDMA towards higher data rates through the introduction of HSDPA is discussed. By applying fast link adaptation together with higher order modulation, fast hybrid ARQ and fast scheduling, the best-effort packet data support of WCDMA can be improved in terms of increased throughput, lower delays and increased peak data rates. Simulations illustrate the potential of the concept.
HSPA Evolution (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Discontinuous Transmission and Reception (DTX/DRX) Circuit Switched Voice on HSPA Enhanced FACH and RACH Downlink MIMO and 64QAM Dual Carrier HSDPA Uplink 16QAM Layer 2 Optimization Single Frequency Network (SFN) MBMS Architecture Evolution Summary References
Modeling and forecasting of manufacturing variations (2002)

Process-induced variations are an important consideration in the design of integrated circuits. Until recently, it was sufficient to model die-to-die shifts in device performance, leading to the well known worst-case modeling and design methodology. However, current and near-future integrated circuits are large enough that device and interconnect parameter variations within the chip are as important as those same variations from chip to chip. This presents a new set of challenges for process modeling and characterization and for the associated design tools and methodologies. This paper examines the sources and trends of process variability, the new challenges associated with the increase in within-die variability analysis, and proposes a modeling and simulation methodology to deal with this variability.
Effect of Green Density on Densification and Creep During Sintering (1991)

The effect of green density on both the densification rate and the creep rate was measured simultaneously during sintering by loading dilatometry. The experiments were performed on zinc oxide powder compacts with five different green densities covering a range of 0.39 to 0.73 of theoretical. The samples were heated at a constant rate of 4°C/min up to 1100°C in air. The densification rate at any temperature increases significantly with decreasing green density. The data for the densification rate and creep rate as a function of density show two quite distinct regimes of behavior; the rates were strongly dependent on density below 0.80, while above this value they were weakly dependent on density. The ratio of the densification rate to the creep rate was almost independent of temperature but increased almost linearly with increasing green density. The representation of the data in terms of models for sintering and creep is discussed.
Development of high-sensitivity SPECT system with 4-pixel matched collimator and pixelated CdTe detectors (2010)

1394 Objectives Our previous study demonstrated that semiconductor detector based SPECT system can provide high spatial resolution and low scatter noise images. However, in clinical settings such as brain study, statistical noise due to lack of sensitivity deteriorates its image quality. To overcome lack of statistics with less detectors, we developed a wide aperture parallel-hole collimator that we call a 4-pixel matched collimator (4PMC). The hole size of 4PMC is matched to four detector pixels: four (2x2) pixels per collimator hole, while that of a conventional LEGP is matched to one detector pixel. With image reconstruction incorporating PSF brought by the combination of 4PMC with high intrinsic spatial resolution of pixelated detectors, trade-off between sensitivity and spatial resolution can be effectively resolved. We evaluated the sensitivity and spatial resolution of 4PMC in comparison with the LEGP collimator. Methods A CdTe semiconductor panel of 1.4mm detector pitch was used. To evaluate the sensitivity and spatial resolution, a 99mTc flood source and cold rod phantom were measured with LEGP (hole length: 20mm, hole size: 1.12mm) and 4PMC (hole length: 26mm, hole size: 2.4mm). A 3D-Hoffman brain phantom was also measured to evaluate applicability for clinical study of human brain. The PSFs incorporated in OSEM were generated by 3D simulation. Results The flood source measurement showed that the sensitivities of LEGP and 4PMC were 157 and 496 [cpm/uCi], respectively. The cold rod phantom images showed that the spatial resolution with 4PMC was slightly inferior to that with LEGP. However, 4PMC as well as LEGP could visualize the cold rods separately up to 6mm-diameter rods. The Hoffman brain phantom study showed that 4PMC remarkably reduced statistical noise and provided the superior image quality to that of LEGP under corresponding clinical condition (3-detector panel, 60MBq, 20min scan). Conclusions Our SPECT system with 4PMC can provide high sensitivity scan and high quality images in the brain phantom study under clinical condition
TREATMENT OF COLON CARCINOMA PATIENT WITH SDZ SCV 106 (GOAT-ANTI-ID 17–1A) (1992)

Samonigg, H.; Wilders-Truschnig, M.; Stoger, H.; Loibner, H.; Rot, A.; Plot, R.; Werner, G. Author Information
Quantitative analysis of myocardial infarct structure in patients with ventricular tachycardia. (1986)

To study whether myocardial infarction differs in patients with and without ventricular tachycardia, the hearts of 22 deceased patients with ventricular tachycardia and 21 deceased control patients were analyzed quantitatively. The hearts from the ventricular tachycardia group were heavier and more dilated than those from the control group. Histologic analysis of a representative cross section from each heart showed that the ventricular tachycardia group had larger, more solid infarcts than did the control group. The ventricular tachycardia group also had a greater area of spared subendocardium, more hydropic change of the spared subendocardium, and more "ribbon type" spared subendocardium, which was defined as spared subendocardium of uniform contour 1 mm thick or less. The ventricular tachycardia group was divided into a subacute subgroup (n = 14, dying less than or equal to 10 weeks after infarction) and a chronic subgroup (n = 8, dying greater than 10 weeks after infarction). The infarcts of the subacute ventricular tachycardia group were more solid and had a greater amount of ribbon type spared subendocardium than those of the chronic ventricular tachycardia group. This information can serve as a baseline for the evaluation of animal preparations of tachycardia and, when combined with knowledge of the location of the arrhythmogenic region furnished by intraoperative mapping, should lead to better understanding of the anatomic substrate for ventricular tachycardia.
Personal Essay: Adventures and Experiences in Fragment-Based Drug Discovery (2015)

Medicinal Chemists and Drug Hunters have always been looking for the minimal active “fragment” as the start point for any small molecule discovery project. Back in the day that usually meant deconstruction of a high throughput screening hit or some other bioactive molecule. I was fortunate enough to become involved very early on in the revolution which has become “Fragment-Based Drug Discovery (FBDD)” which is now firmly established as part of the Drug Discovery Armoury. FBDD is at the vanguard of some of the most exciting developments in small molecule targeting of many of the highest value targets in medicine today.
Domain-specific hardware accelerators (2020)

DSAs gain efficiency from specialization and performance from parallelism.
How Trillions of Microbes Residing on Gastrointestinal Tract Maintain Homeostasis with Host Cells? (2018)

Trillions of microbes reside on our gut which are so diverse and complex. Our understanding of their composition, structure, and various roles in health and diseases have been increasing day by day along with the advancement in sequencing technologies and computational methods. It is very important to maintain microbial homeostasis inside gut because dysbiosis has been associated with various diseases and disorders including allergies, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, cancer, and autism. Proper understanding of various mechanisms involved in gut microbial homoestasis is crucial to modulate their composition or treat diseases. Albeit very little is known about possible mechanisms involved in gut microbial homeostasis, different microbial activities including co-operation (biofilm formation, horizontal gene transfer, quorum sensing etc.), competition, and combation, and host responses of their immune system, gut barrier function and different dietary components are some of the key factors that can affect on gut homeostasis. The objective of this review is to point out different factors involved in gut microbial homeostasis with emphasis on host intestinal barrier and immune system, dietary components and Quorum sensing.
The effect of interpolation on imaging and azimuthal AVO: A Nordegg case study (2010)

To address the issue of inadequate sampling, typical of land seismic data, an azimuthal AVO (AVAZ) processing flow should include interpolation and prestack migration prior to the AVAZ inversion. It is well established that seismic data should be prestack migrated before AVO, but the irregular sampling inherent in land data can introduce migration artifacts which distort the estimates of the AVO inversion. With the introduction of the extra dimension of azimuth this is even more a concern for AVAZ analysis. By performing 5D minimum weighted norm interpolation before PSTM, the wavefield is better sampled leading to better migration and AVAZ results. This has been demonstrated on synthetic examples. This paper demonstrates the benefits of this on a real dataset by comparing AVAZ processing sequences with and without interpolation and correlating the predictions quantitatively to well control. The interpolation/PSTM flow proceeding AVAZ inversion produces better correlations to the well control than only PSTM.
9‐Silafluorenyl Dichlorides as Chemically Ligating Coupling Agents and Their Application in Peptide Synthesis (2016)

A fundamentally simple, mild, and practical procedure for peptide bond formation is reported that employs a stoichiometric amount of easy-to-access 9-silafluorenyl dichlorides as the coupling agent. Without initial preactivation or elaboration of the carboxylic acid or amine termini of the amino acids, the developed reagent is proposed to act through an unprecedented chemical ligation mechanism, bringing the two coupling partners together before being subsequently eliminated. The desired amides or peptide bonds are thus furnished in good yields and with low to no epimerization.
Resource assignment for integrated services in wireless ATM networks (1998)

The task of supporting integrated multirate multimedia traffic in a bandwidth-poor wireless environment poses a significant challenge for network designers. In this paper we propose a novel bandwidth allocation strategy which partitions the available bandwidth amongst the different traffic classes in a manner that ensures quality-of-service guarantees for digital video while minimizing the maximum blocking probability for voice and data connections. At the connection level, near-optimum utilization of the reserved bandwidth for video traffic is achieved through an intra-frame statistical multiplexing algorithm, while at the system level the delicate task of partitioning the bandwidth between voice, video and data is accomplished by developing an efficient algorithm which uses traffic parameters consisting only of the aggregate traffic load and the total available bandwidth. The algorithm, built on non-trivial mathematical results is robust, easy to implement and has a geometric rate of convergence which ensures that the partitioning points are found quickly. These properties make it well suited for practical implementations, even for cases where changes in the aggregate traffic loads cause bandwidth allocations to be recomputed frequently. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.