gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct localization patterns of CD4 and CD8 T cells after intravaginal administration of IL-7-Fc from Intravaginal Administration of Fc-Fused IL7 Suppresses the Cervicovaginal Tumor by Recruiting HPV DNA Vaccine-Induced CD8 T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 3. Distinct localization patterns of CD4 and CD8 T cells after intravaginal administration of IL-7-Fc&lt;/p&gt;
Theoretical Analysis on Noise Performance of Modulated Wideband Converters for Analog Testing (2020)

The Modulated Wideband Converter (MWC) is one of the promising sub-Nyquist sampling architectures for sparse wideband signal sensing, cognitive radio applications and so on. In order to design an MWC-based RF receiver that meets a target RF specification, noise figure (NF) of the MWC has to be well-defined by its design properties. This paper reviews a comprehensive explanation for NF of MWC by an analytic approach based on a notation of an average noise figure (ANF) of the MWC, which has been detailed in our prior work in [1]. Consequently, the analysis is proven with simulation and measurement results in order to demonstrate its feasibility.
Full-Time Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) for High Efficiency and Low NOx and PM (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A gasoline compression-ignition combustion system is being developed for full-time operation over the speed-load map. Low-temperature combustion was achieved using multiple late injection (MLI), intake boost, and moderate EGR for high efficiency, low NOx, and low particulate emissions. The relatively long ignition delay and high volatility of RON 91 pump gasoline combined with an advanced injection system and variable valve actuation provided controlled mixture stratification for low combustion noise.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Tests were conducted on a single-cylinder research engine. Design of Experiments and response surface models were used to evaluate injection strategies, injector designs, and various valve lift profiles across the speed-load operating range. At light loads, an exhaust rebreathing strategy was used to promote autoignition and maintain exhaust temperatures. At medium loads, a triple injection strategy produced the best results with high thermal efficiency. Detailed heat release analysis indicated that heat losses were significantly reduced. At higher loads, a late-intake-valve-closing strategy was used to reduce the effective compression ratio. For all tests, intake air temperature was 50 C.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;3D CFD simulations of fuel injection, mixing, and combustion were important to understand the emissions formation processes. With multiple late injections and low-to-moderate fuel pressure, spray penetration was low, mixing was fast, and wall wetting could be avoided. Fuel sprays were characterized in a spray chamber. Injection rate was measured using a rate tube.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Results showed that ISFC was very low. Minimum ISFC of 181 g/kWh was measured at 2000 rpm-11 bar IMEP. For IMEP from 2 to 18 bar, engine-out NOx and PM emissions were below targets of 0.2 g/kWh and 0.1 FSN, respectively, indicating that aftertreatment for these species may be reduced or eliminated. It was found that combustion noise levels, characterized by several noise metrics, could be effectively controlled by the injection process. Measurements of exhaust particulate size distribution indicated very low particle count, especially for a preferred injector with low levels of in-cylinder swirl.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential feasibility of full-time GDCI using RON 91 gasoline at low-to-moderate injection pressures with high fuel efficiency. While more development work is needed, there is good potential for a practical GDCI powertrain system based on these concepts.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Evaluating Miscible and Immiscible Gas Injection in the Safah Field, Oman (1995)

Abstract The reservoir modeling approach presented in this paper illustrates how available engineering tools can be used to evaluate the technical feasibility and economics of high-pressure gas injection. The key components to such a study included: 1) equation of state (EOS) modeling of experimental PVT data, matching miscible and immiscible slim tube results, and systematically reducing the number of components used in the EOS model to minimize computational requirements, 2) studying numerical grid effects, displacement mechanisms, optimal well pattern, and injection pressure with 2D cross-section and 3D sector models, and 3) comparing compositional results with simulations based on the black-oil PVT formulation used in full-field history matching and reservoir management modeling.
Gene Amplification of CYP51B : a New Mechanism of Resistance to Azole Compounds in Trichophyton indotineae (2022)

Trichophyton indotineae causes dermatophytosis that is resistant to terbinafine and azole compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms of resistance to itraconazole (ITC) and voriconazole (VRC) in strains of <i>T. indotineae</i>. Two azole-sensitive strains (ITC MIC < 0.125 μg/mL; VRC MIC < 0.06 μg/mL) and four azole-resistant strains (ITC MIC ≥ 0.5 μg/mL; VRC MIC ≥ 0.5 μg/mL) were used for the investigation. The expression of <i>MDR</i> genes encoding multidrug transporters of the ABC family for which orthologs have been identified in Trichophyton rubrum and those of <i>CYP51A</i> and <i>CYP51B</i> encoding the targets of azole antifungal compounds were compared between susceptible and resistant strains. <i>TinMDR3</i> and <i>TinCYP51B</i> were overexpressed in <i>T. indotineae</i> resistant strains. Only small differences in susceptibility were observed between <i>TinMDR3</i> disruptants and parental strains overexpressing <i>TinMDR3.</i> Whole-genome sequencing of resistant strains revealed the creation of a variable number of <i>TinCYP51B</i> tandem repeats at the specific position of their genomes in three resistant strains. Downregulation of <i>TinCYP51B</i> by RNA interference (RNAi) restored the susceptibility of azole-resistant strains. In contrast, overexpression of <i>TinCYP51B</i> cDNA conferred resistance to a susceptible strain of <i>T. indotineae</i>. In conclusion, the reduced sensitivity of <i>T. indotineae</i> strains to azoles is mainly due to the overexpression of <i>TinCYP51B</i> resulting from additional copies of this gene.
Precise Zero Knowledge (2011)

We put forward the notion of Precise Zero Knowledge and provide its first implementations in a variety of settings under standard complexity assumptions. Whereas the classical notion of Zero Knowledge bounds the knowledge of a player in terms of his potential computational power (technically defined as polynomial-time computation), Precise Zero Knowledge bounds the knowledge gained by a player in terms of its actual computation (which can be considerably less than any arbitrary polynomial-time computation). Consequently, our approach not only remains valid even if P = NP, but is most meaningful when modeling knowledge of computationally easy properties.
Using Electroencephalography (EEG) to Measure Maturation of Auditory Cortex in Infants: Processing Pitch, Duration and Sound Location (2010)

Introduction The auditory system serves three main functions: identifying and locating objects, perceiving music, and understanding language. All of these rely on efficient processing of basic sound features. Electroencephalography (EEG) can be used to measure, for example, how auditory cortex processes pitch, fine temporal differences and sound location in infants. In particular, the brain’s response to a sound event (the event-related potential or ERP) changes across age in morphology (i.e., what positive and negative peaks are present at which recording sites on the scalp) and in the amplitude and latency of the peaks present. ERPs can also be analyzed developmentally in the frequency domain in terms of changes across age in phase-locked and non-phase-locked activity in different frequency bands such as alpha, beta and gamma. Many factors likely contribute to these changes. Processes such as waves of myelination, synaptic proliferation, synaptic pruning, and the presence and amounts of various neurotransmittors are largely under genetic control. These processes enable the development of more efficient circuits for processing auditory features. At the same time, the details of the networks formed are largely affected by experiential factors, such that synaptic connections receiving concurrent input are strengthened while others are weakened or eliminated. Thus, specific experience with sounds with pitch, with sound containing fine timing differences, and with sound from different spatial locations all affect auditory development. At a higher level, the specific musical system and language to which the infant or child is exposed also contribute substantially to auditory maturation, enabling efficient processing of certain musical pitch systems, rhythmic structures and phonemic categories. Here we outline the dramatic changes seen in ERPs during development and indicate how these changes could be used as diagnostic indicators of early abnormal auditory development.
Germanium ion implantation for trimming the coupling efficiency of silicon racetrack resonators (2019)

In recent years, we have presented results on the development of a variety of silicon photonic devices such as erasable gratings and directional couplers, tunable resonators and Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and programmable photonic circuits using germanium ion implantation and localised laser annealing. In this paper we have carried out experiments to analyse a series of devices that can be fabricated using the same technology, particularly silicon-on-insulator racetrack resonators which are very sensitive to fabrication imperfections. Simulation and experimental results revealed the ability to permanently optimise the coupling efficiency of these structures by selective localised laser annealing.
Electrophoretic Analysis and Purification of Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Fragments (2004)

Arc-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes have been purified through preparative electrophoresis in agarose gel and glass bead matrixes. Two major impurities were isolated: fluorescent carbon and short tubular carbon. Analysis of these two classes of impurities was done. The methods described may be readily extended to the separation of other water-soluble nanoparticles. The separated fluorescent carbon and short tubule carbon species promise to be interesting nanomaterials in their own right.
Asymmetric Syntheses of 2‐(1‐Aminoethyl)phenols. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Paradigms and algorithms for controlling molecular motion (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTParadigms and algorithms for controlling molecular motionDaniel Neuhauser and Herschel RabitzCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1993, 26, 9, 496–501Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00033a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00033a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Introducing quick sleeping using the broadcast channel for 3GPP LTE MTC (2014)

The world is advancing towards Internet of Things (IoT) where various types of devices communicate and share data with each other. The communication between the devices are enabled and controlled through Machine Type Communications (MTC). MTC has a wide range of applications and forms an integral part of IoT. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardization body has recognized the potential for MTC and is currently working on standardizing the specifications and deployment of MTC services as part of Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. The system requirements of these MTC devices are different from the regular devices using the LTE network. Many MTC devices are expected to be low cost, low data rate and delay tolerant. One of the challenges in MTC using 3GPP LTE is to reduce the power consumption of the User Equipment (UE) in order to prolong their battery life. The power consumption of a UE is directly proportional to its processing time. In this paper, we introduce quick sleeping to the current 3GPP LTE MTC framework. First, we compare the quick sleeping mechanism with the present Discontinuous Reception (DRX) mechanism for sleeping in LTE and show that there can be significant savings in the UE processing time if quick sleeping is adopted. Then we present different methods to incorporate quick sleeping into the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) with minimal changes to the current LTE standard. The impact of these quick sleeping solutions on PBCH Block Error Rate (BLER) performance is also discussed.
A 0.9-V 12-bit 40-MSPS Pipeline ADC for Wireless Receivers (2010)

A 0.9-V 12-bit 40-MSPS pipeline ADC with I/Q amplifier sharing technique is presented for wireless receivers. To achieve high linearity even at 0.9-V supply, the clock signals to sampling switches are boosted over 0.9V in conversion stages. The clock-boosting circuit for lifting these clocks is shared between I-ch ADC and Q-ch ADC, reducing the area penalty. Low supply voltage narrows the available output range of the operational amplifier. A pseudo-differential (PD) amplifier with two-gain-stage common-mode feedback (CMFB) is proposed in views of its wide output range and power efficiency. This ADC is fabricated in 90-nm CMOS technology. At 40MS/s, the measured SNDR is 59.3dB and the corresponding effective number of bits (ENOB) is 9.6. Until Nyquist frequency, the ENOB is kept over 9.3. The ADC dissipates 17.3mW/ch, whose performances are suitable for ADCs for mobile wireless systems such as WLAN/WiMAX.
Dendritic Molecules on Solid Support: Solid‐Phase Synthesis and Applications (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Synthesis Applications of Dendronized Supports Conclusions References
Construction of a colicin E1-R factor composite plasmid in vitro: means for amplification of deoxyribonucleic acid (1975)

A composite plasmid has been constructed in vitro from colicin E1 factor (mass of 4.2 megadaltons [Md]) and nontransmissible resistance factor RSF 1010 (mass, 5.5. Md) deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) by the sequential action of Escherichia coli endonuclease (RI (Eco RI) and T4 phage DNA ligase on the covalently closed circular forms of the constituents. The composite plasmid was selected and amplified in vivo by sequential transformation of E. coli C600 with the ligated mixture and selection of transformants in medium containing streptomycin plus colicin E1, followed by amplification in the presence of chloramphenicol and purification of the extracted plasmid by dye-buoyant density gradient centrifugation in ethidium bromide-cesium chloride solution. Treatment of the composite plasmid with Eco RI yielded two fragments with mobilities corresponding to the linear forms of the parental plasmids, whereas Serratia marscesens endonuclease R (SmaR), which introduces a single scission in the colicin E1 factor but not in RSF 1010, convErted the composite plasmid to a single linear molecule (mass, 9.7 Md). Sequential degradation of colicin E1 factor with Sma R and Eco RI produced two fragments with masses of 3.5 and 0.7 Md; sequential degradation of RSF 1010 produced only one fragment (due to the cleavage with Eco RI), and sequential degradation of the composite plasmid produced the expected three fragments--an RSF 1010 Eco RI linear and the two expected products from the colicin E1 factor moiety. The composite plasmid conferred on the host cell resistance to streptomycin, sulfonamides, and colicin E1, but colicin E1 itself was not synthesized. In contrast, colicin E1 was synthesized by cells containing simultaneously both colicin E1 factor and RSF 1010 as separate entities. In the presence of chloramphenicol, the composite plasmid continued to replicate for 6 h. whereas replication of RSF 1010 and chromosomal DNA stopped within 2 h. Continued replication in the presence of chloramphenicol suggests that the replicator of the colicin E1 factor is functional in the composite plasmid.
<title>Method for measuring the mode-I fracture toughness in lead zirconate titanate (PZT)</title> (2000)

Previous measurements of the fracture toughness of PZT have relied on Vicker's indentations, bend specimens, and compact tension specimens. Vicker's indentations are qualitative and are not suitable for toughness measurements. Recent work has clearly shown that non-linear material behavior induces a non-linear stress gradient through other specimen geometries that must be accounted for to accurately determine the fracture toughness. This work describes the development of a measurement technique for the R-curve behavior of unpoled ferroelastic ceramics using 4-point bend specimens with semi-elliptical surface cracks. The model material is a soft, transparent composition of 8/65/35 lead lanthanum zirconate titanate. The aspect ratio is measured during crack growth. The non-linear stress gradient through the cross section calculated from strain gage data. A parametric study based on the analysis of Newman and Raju is used to elucidate the restrictions on application of this technique.
Self‐Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) and Synthesis of Planar Micro‐ and Nanostructures (2004)

Abstract A polymer is a macromolcule made up of multiple equivalents of one or more monomers linked together by covalent bonds. Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are highly ordered molecular assemblies formed by chemisorption of functionalized molecules on the surface. Various system of SAMs are reviewed in this article. The synthesis and structures of SAMs on gold and silver are briefly discussed along with chemical reactions that occur on SAMs after their assembly. The patterning of SAMs on gold and its applications are discussed in the plane of the monolayer. #Reprinted from Supramolecular Polymers, Ciferri, A., Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, 2000; 435–470. Keywords: Self‐assembled monolayersMicrocontact printingPolarized infrared external reflectance spectroscopyMicro‐ and nanostructures Acknowledgments This work was supported by DARPA and the ONR. Lin Yan thanks Ned Bowden for technical assistance in obtaining Fig. 3. Notes #Reprinted from Supramolecular Polymers, Ciferri, A., Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, 2000; 435–470.
Acceleration and Deceleration Factors on the Hydrolysis Reaction of 4,6-O-Benzylidene Acetal Group (2020)

The benzylidene acetal group is one of the most important protecting groups not only in carbohydrate chemistry but also in general organic chemistry. In the case of 4,6-<i>O</i>-benzylidene glycosides, we previously found that the stereochemistry at 4-position altered the reaction rate constant for hydrolysis of benzylidene acetal group. However, a detail of the acceleration or deceleration factor was still unclear. In this work, the hydrolysis reaction of benzylidene acetal group was analyzed using the Arrhenius and Eyring plot to obtain individual parameters for glucosides (Glc), mannosides (Man), and galactosides (Gal). The Arrhenius and Eyring plot indicated that the pre-exponential factor (<i>A</i>) and Δ<i>S</i><sup>⧧</sup> were critical for the smallest reaction rate constant of Gal among nonacetylated substrates. On the other hand, both <i>E</i><sub>a</sub>/Δ<i>H</i><sup>⧧</sup> and <i>A</i>/Δ<i>S</i><sup>⧧</sup> were influential for the smallest reaction rate constant of Gal among diacetylated substrates. All parameters obtained suggested that the rate constant for hydrolysis reaction was regulated by protonation and hydration steps along with solvation. The obtained parameters support wide use of benzylidene acetal group as orthogonal protection of <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-fused bicyclic systems through the fast hydrolysis of the <i>trans</i>-fused benzylidene acetal group.
Acyl-CoA Carboxylases (accD2 and accD3), Together with a Unique Polyketide Synthase (Cg-pks), Are Key to Mycolic Acid Biosynthesis in Corynebacterianeae Such as Corynebacterium glutamicum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2004)

The Corynebacterianeae such as Corynebacterium glutamicum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis possess several unique and structurally diverse lipids, including the genus-specific mycolic acids. Although the function of a number of genes involved in fatty acid and mycolic acid biosynthesis is known, information relevant to the initial steps within these biosynthetic pathways is relatively sparse. Interestingly, the genomes of Corynebacterianeae possess a high number of accD genes, whose gene products resemble the beta-subunit of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase of Escherichia coli, providing the activated intermediate for fatty acid synthesis. We present here our studies on four putative accD genes found in C. glutamicum. Although growth of the accD4 mutant remained unchanged, growth of the accD1 mutant was strongly impaired and partially recovered by the addition of exogenous oleic acid. Overexpression of accD1 and accBC, encoding the carboxylase alpha-subunit, resulted in an 8-fold increase in malonyl-CoA formation from acetyl-CoA in cell lysates, providing evidence that accD1 encodes a carboxyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of malonyl-CoA. Interestingly, fatty acid profiles remained unchanged in both our accD2 and accD3 mutants, but a complete loss of mycolic acids, either as organic extractable trehalose and glucose mycolates or as cell wall-bound mycolates, was observed. These two carboxyltransferases are also retained in all Corynebacterianeae, including Mycobacterium leprae, constituting two distinct groups of orthologs. Furthermore, carboxyl fixation assays, as well as a study of a Cg-pks deletion mutant, led us to conclude that accD2 and accD3 are key to mycolic acid biosynthesis, thus providing a carboxylated intermediate during condensation of the mero-chain and alpha-branch directed by the pks-encoded polyketide synthase. This study illustrates that the high number of accD paralogs have evolved to represent specific variations on the well known basic theme of providing carboxylated intermediates in lipid biosynthesis.