gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phoneme discrimination using connectionist networks (1990)

The application of connectionist networks to speech recognition is assessed using a set of eight representative phonetic discrimination problems chose with respect to a theory of phonetics. A connectionist network model called the temporal flow model (TFM) is defined which represents temporal relationships using delay links and permits general patterns of connectivity. It is argued that the model has properties appropriate for time varying signals such as speech. Networks are trained using gradient descent methods of iterative nonlinear optimization to reduce the mean-squared error between the actual and the desired response of the output units. Separate network solutions are demonstrated for all eight phonetic discrimination problems for one male speaker. The network solutions are analyzed carefully and are shown in every case to make use of known acoustic phonetic cues. The network solutions vary in the degree to which they make use of context-dependent cues to achieve phoneme recognition. The network solutions were tested on data not used for training and achieved an average accuracy of 99.5%. It is concluded that acoustic phonetic speech recognition can be accomplished using connectionist networks.
Reconstitution of Biological Molecular Generators of Electric Current (2005)

Direct measurement of the electrogenic activity of purified mitochondrial transhydrogenase has been carried out. To this end, beef-heart transhydrogenase was isolated and reconstituted with phospholipids to form proteoliposomes. The transhydrogenase proteoliposomes were incorporated into a membrane filter impregnated with a decane solution of phospholipids. It is shown that addition of substrates of either the forward (NADPH and NAD+) or the reverse (NADH and NADP+) transhydrogenase reaction gives rise to an electric potential difference across the proteoliposome-treated membrane filter. The electric vector depends upon the direction of the reaction. The proteoliposome-supplemented compartment charges negatively in the case of the forward reaction and positively in the case of the reverse one. Addition of the reaction products after substrates equalizes the potentials. The transhydrogenase-treated membrane filter retains the ability to perform transhydrogenase-linked electrogenesis after removal of excess non-incorporated proteoliposomes. The electric potential difference reaching 20 mV immediately after the transhydrogenase substrate addition, slowly decreases due to accumulation of the reaction products. Such decay is prevented when the mixture is supplemented with the substrate-regenerating and product-utilizing enzymic systems. Under these conditions, a steady continuous electric current of about 10 pA can be observed.
Biocatalytic Synthesis of Organosiloxane Copolyimide (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTBiocatalytic Synthesis of Organosiloxane CopolyimideRavi Mosurkal, Lynne A. Samuelson, Virinder S. Parmar, Jayant Kumar, and Arthur C. WattersonView Author Information U.S. Army Natick Soldier RDEC, Natick, Massachusetts 01760; Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 10 007, India; and Center for Advanced Materials and Institute for Nano-Science and Engineering Technology, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854 Cite this: Macromolecules 2007, 40, 22, 7742–7744Publication Date (Web):October 6, 2007Publication History Received6 July 2007Published online6 October 2007Published inissue 1 October 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma0714924https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0714924rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views579Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical synthesis,Peptides and proteins,Polyimides,Polymers,Siloxanes Get e-Alerts
Anti-tumor activity of KNTC2 siRNA in orthotopic tumor model mice of hepatocellular carcinoma (2017)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still one of the major causes of cancer-related death. Kinetochore-associated protein 2 (KNTC2) is specifically upregulated in tumor tissues of HCC patients and recognized as a potential candidate target for the treatment of HCC. However, the relationship between KNTC2 and in vivo tumor growth of HCC is not yet fully understood. Here we encapsulated KNTC2 siRNAs into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) and investigated their knockdown activity, target engagement marker, anti-tumor activity and hepatotoxicity in an orthotopic HCC model mice of Hep3B-luc cells. Single i.v. administration of KNTC2 siRNA-LNP specifically suppressed the expression levels of both human KNTC2 mRNA and mouse Kntc2 mRNA in tumor tissues. Phosphorylation levels of histone H3 (HH3) at serine 10 in tumor tissues were increased by KNTC2 siRNA-LNP. Repeated administration of KNTC2 siRNA-LNP (twice a week) specifically inhibited the growth of tumor tissues without increasing the plasma AST and ALT levels. Their growth inhibitory activities were consistent with knockdown activities. These data strongly indicated that KNTC2 is a promising target for the treatment of HCC and that phosphorylated HH3 at serine 10 is one of the target engagement markers for KNTC2.
SV40 T‐Antigen as a Dual Oncogene: Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane‐Associated Populationa (1989)

SV40 T-antigen (T-ag) is localized in both the nucleus (nT-ag) and plasma membrane (pmT-ag) of cells and provides multiple functions necessary for cell transformation. The pmT-ag population is structurally very similar to the nT-ag. Transport to the cell surface is by an unknown mechanism that does not involve the secretory pathway. The disposition of T-ag in the membrane exposes both the amino and the carboxyl terminus on the exterior of the cell. Nuclear-transport-defective mutants of T-ag can transform established cells in culture, but not primary cells, suggesting that non-nuclear forms of T-ag may mediate some transformation-related process(es). A non-cytolytic protein extraction technique utilizing 1-butanol solubilized from SV40-transformed cells a multimeric complex composed of pmT-ag and at least five cellular proteins ranging in size from 35,000 (35K) to 60K M. Both amino- and carboxylterminal T-ag-specific monoclonal antibodies co-precipitated T-ag and the 35-60K Mr proteins, but antibodies against the internal portion of T-ag precipitated only uncomplexed T-ag. The growth state of the cells markedly influenced the expression of the T-ag-containing surface complexes; more complexes were recovered from actively dividing cells than from confluent cell cultures, and suspension cells yielded more complexes than cells on a substratum. The complex exhibited a highly dynamic association with the cell membrane, as demonstrated by pulse-chase analysis. The characteristics of growth-dependent expression and rapid turnover rate suggest a functional role for the membrane complex. The identities of the cellular proteins in the complex with pmT-ag are unknown, although one member (56K) is recognized by p53-specific monoclonal antibodies.
Maximum-Likelihood Detection in Few-Mode Fiber Transmission With Mode-Dependent Loss (2013)

In this letter, the performance of maximum-likelihood (ML) detection is evaluated and compared with the zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizers for a 3 × 158-Gb/s mode-division multiplexed dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission impaired by mode-dependent loss. The receiver schemes are compared in terms of performance and complexity. The simulations show that the ML approach outperforms both ZF and MMSE equalization for strongly coupled modes. However, the complexity of the ML detection is significantly higher and increases faster with the number of modes used for transmission and the modulation format order.
Methods for derivation of LOH and allelic copy numbers using SNP arrays (2009)

Abstract This chapter discusses statistical methods to derive loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) and allele specific copy numbers in cancer cells. SNP arrays enable simultaneous information about thousands of DNA markers and their allele specific copy numbers, but to extract the information advanced statistical tools are required. The chapter shows how Hidden Markov Models (HMM) can be applied to infer LOH from genotype data and how the allele intensities are informative about allelic copy number. The methods are illustrated by examples.
Enhanced efficiency and reduced roll-off in blue and white phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with a mixed host structure (2009)

We report a significant enhancement and a reduced efficiency roll-off in blue and white phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) based on a mixed host structure. The combination of a hole-transport-type host and an electron-transport-type host as a mixed host emissive layer resulted in an effective charge carrier injection and distribution of the recombination zone, and therefore highly efficient blue PHOLEDs with peak external quantum and power efficiencies of 21.6% and 44.9 lm/W were achieved. Moreover, white PHOLEDs with a mixed host structure showed a power efficiency of 37 lm/W, which is over four times higher than 8.7 lm/W in a single host structure device at a luminance of 1000 cd/m2.
Evaluating the optimum number of biopsies to assess histological inflammation in ulcerative colitis: a retrospective cohort study (2020)

A minimum of two - conservatively, three - biopsies are required to reliably assess disease activity in a single colonic segment using the RHI. Further studies are needed of endoscopically active patients and sampling locations. These results have implications for biopsy strategies in clinical trials and practice.
(Invited) Si-Ge-Sn Technologies: From Molecules to Materials to Prototype Devices (2010)

We report new approaches based on rational design and preparation of chemical vapor deposition precursors involving novel main-group hydrides to fabricate new families of Si-based semiconductors and prototype devices that display compositional and structural inheritance, from the parent molecule to the solid end-product. This methodology enables materials synthesis at extraordinarily low temperatures that are compatible with CMOS processing/selective growth, and provides the means for obtaining highly metastable strain states in prototype structures that cannot be obtained by conventional protocols. Some of the materials and devices under development, involving alloys in the Si-Ge-Sn system, open up exciting opportunities in photodetectors and photovoltaics because they grow directly on cheap Si substrates and cover an extended range of the near-infrared spectrum that is not accessible to current photovoltaic and optoelectronic group IV semiconductors.
Accelerated Stainless Steel 316L Material Compatibility Assessment of Chemical Products Using Potentiodynamic Polarization (2015)

Over the past few years, there have been several instances in the oil and gas industry of incompatibilities and failures of stainless steel components carrying or containing chemical products. Material of construction compatibility with chemical products is a vital assessment to ensure asset integrity of critical components is maintained during field operation. The focus of this paper is on the evaluation of neat chemical product compatibility with stainless steel 316L (SS316L, UNS S31603), a commonly used alloy for storage tanks and umbilical tubing. A typical approach to assess the compatibility of stainless steel with neat chemical products involves using a weight loss immersion corrosion test methodology. However, this procedure has the inherent limitation in that it can take a long time to conduct, while data interpretation can be difficult because the induction period for pitting is unknown. This paper presents and discusses data from accelerated stainless steel compatibility tests of various neat chemical products with SS316L using anodic cyclic potentiodynamic polarization at both 20°C and 55°C. Criteria based on electrochemical characteristics from polarization curves, which were generated within a timeframe of only a few hours, have been established to assess the stainless steel compatibility fully immersed in various neat chemical products. It was found that those products that resulted in SS316L having both a pitting potential of more than 200 mV above the open circuit potential and a current density at 150 mV (above the open circuit potential) of less than 5 μA/cm2 from anodic potentiodynamic polarization conducted using a potential sweep rate of 10 mV/min (0.166 mV/s) were found to be compatible in long-term immersion tests, while those products that did not meet these criteria failed long-term compatibility assessment.
Performance comparisons of open-loop transmit diversity schemes for DFT-precoded OFDMA in uplink frequency-selective fading channels (2010)

This paper presents performance comparisons based on the block error rate (BLER) of open-loop transmit diversity schemes considering a cubic metric (CM) for discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-Precoded orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) in uplink frequency-selective fading channels. The open-loop transmit diversity schemes assumed in the paper are space-time block code (STBC), space-frequency block code (SFBC), single-carrier (SC)-SFBC, cyclic delay diversity (CDD), and frequency switched transmit diversity (FSTD) for two antennas and their combinations for four antennas. We derive the most appropriate open-loop transmit diversity scheme for SC transmission with QPSK and 16QAM modulations and with various channel coding rates employing turbo coding under various propagation channel conditions including the fading maximum Doppler frequency and root mean square (r.m.s.) delay spread, and fading correlation between transmitter/receiver antennas.
The Political Sociology ofCities and Urbanisation Processes: Social Movements, Inequalities andGovernance (2017)

Cities, metropolises, are political beasts. Urbanisation processes are also political. Cities, metropolises, are the locus of many powers, including protest, but coalitions may bring together political capacity by extracting resources, mobilising different groups, implementing policies. The political sociology of urbanisation on the one hand, and cities and metropolises on the other, point towards thinking in terms of turbulence, riots, inequality and mobilisation, together with institutions, policies, governance, policing and relative social order. Urban sociologists are interested in collective action, inequalities, representations, beliefs, mobilisations, actors, institutions, organisations, devices and instruments, the legacy ...
Experimental reverse time migration for imaging of elasticity changes (2010)

Recent studies have shown stiffness is an relevant tissue property to monitor during High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) treatments. Tissue stiffness is temperature-dependant but also a major indicator of thermal necrosis. Shear Wave Imaging can be used to map stiffness changes in 2D, but current inverse problem limits the spatial resolution and contrast of elasticity maps. The aim of this study is to revisit the migration theory used in geophysics for elasticity imaging. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of a new inverse problem of elastodynamics based on the experimental application of Reverse Time Migration (RTM) technique for the monitoring of elasticity changes. First, simulations have been performed using a 3D finite differences Virieux scheme of the viscoelastic wave equation (ACEL). The propagation of elastic plane waves is investigated first in a reference homogeneous non-viscous medium and secondly when adding a gaussian inclusion (3% to 60% shear wave speed contrast). Here, the Tarantola's adjoint method consists in time-reversing the difference of the two successively generated shear waves (before and after heating) in the medium. The inversion is done by time-correlating the forward and the adjoint solution. Second, experiments were performed using a tungsten wire (125 μm diameter) as a heating source in gelatin phantoms to decrease the local stiffness. The Supersonic Shear Imaging (SSI) technique gives access experimentally to the movie of 2D propagation of the wave before and while heating. Each wave was created by 3 pushing beams of lOOμs and their propagation was acquired at 10kHz using a commercial ultrasound scanner (Aixplorer, Supersonic Imagine) and a 8MHz probe. Acquisitions were performed every 40s during 20nιin of heating and data were processed offline. RTM was able to achieve inversion of shear wave propagation. We show that it can solve this optimization problem with a single-iteration in homogeneous media. This new method is more accurate than the time-of-flight (TOF) inversion algorithm. Spatial resolution is improved (factor 2). Simulations and experimental results show a very good recovery of the inclusion elasticity for different size and amplitude.
Pollen-Mimetic Metal–Organic Frameworks with Tunable Spike-Like Nanostructures That Promote Cell Interactions to Improve Antigen-Specific Humoral Immunity (2021)

The exine capsules of pollen particles exhibit a variety of characteristic surface morphologies that promote their cell interactions; their use as antigen carriers for vaccination has been proposed. However, the allergy-causing substances in pollen particles may not all be removed, even by vigorous chemical treatments. To resolve this issue, this work develops systemic approaches for synthesizing pollen-mimetic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which comprise aluminum (Al) ions and an organic linker (2-aminoterephthalic acid), with tunable spike-like nanostructures on their surfaces. The as-synthesized MOFs act not only as a delivery vehicle that carries a model antigen (ovalbumin, OVA) but also as an adjuvant (Al). Scanning and transmission electron microscopies images reveal that the aspect ratio of the nanospikes that are grown on the MOFs can be controlled. A higher aspect ratio of the nanospikes on the MOFs is associated with greater cell attachment and faster and more efficient phagocytosis in cells, which results in greater expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Consequently, a more robust immune response against the antigen of interest is elicited. These findings have broad implications for the rational design of the future antigen/adjuvant-presenting particles for vaccination.
Fatty Acid Patterns Detected By Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry in Canine Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma From Dogs of Different Breeds (2018)

TS-MS can be used to identify lipid patterns that differentiate canine InvUC from normal urothelium. Optimization of TS-MS could lead to a point-of-care approach to distinguish cancer from normal in <i>ex vivo</i> tissues in real time, and to define biochemical processes leading to cancer development and progression.
The Influence of Aging on Parathyroid Hormone-Induced Enhancement in (Ca2++Mg2+)-ATPase Activity of Rabbit Renal Basolateral Membrane. (1991)

We studied the influence of aging on the stimulatory effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity of rabbit renal basolateral membrane (BLM). Stimulated by PTH, (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity of BLM from aged rabbits was lower than those from young rabbits. However, the stimulatory effect of cyclic AMP (cAMP) showed no differences in terms of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity in BLM from aged and young rabbits. As cAMP production in BLM caused by PTH stimulation was not measured, it is unclear whether cAMP production is different in BLM from young and aged rabbits. From these results, we concluded that in BLM from aged rabbit, the lower effect of PTH on (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase is due to lower production of cAMP or some other disorder of the PTH signal transduction mechanism. As (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-pump plays an important role in Ca2+ reabsorption in kidney, its lower activity in aged rabbit may be one reason for aberration of renal calcium handling.
Design and Synthesis of New Tectons for Halogen Bonding-driven Crystal Engineering (2003)

Abstract The SNAr between oxygen or nitrogen nucleophiles and iodopentafluorobenzene is a versatile modular approach for the synthesis of telechelic α,ω-di-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-iodophenyl) derivatives 1. Despite the presence of a +M substituent in the para position to iodine, these derivatives are effective as halogen bond donors and form strong I···N interactions with telechelic α,ω-di-(4-pyridyl) derivatives 2. In the resulting 1D infinite chains 3 the starting tectons alternate in an almost collinear fashion. The detailed structures of 3a and 3c were established through X-ray analyses. The overall structural pattern of these co-crystals is largely independent of the size of the starting tectons. Simple variation of the length of the spacers connecting recognition sites into telechelic modules constitutes a sort of metric engineering. Keywords: Crystal engineeringHalogen bondingPerfluorocarbon compoundsPyridine derivativesTectons Acknowledgements Financial support from the European Union (COST D12-0012, RTN contract HPRN-CT-2000-00002) and Miur (Co-finanziamento 2001) are gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank Dr Thomas Logothetis for assistance in the preparation of the manuscript.
Testican 1 (SPOCK1) and protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type S (PTPRS) show significant increase in saliva of tobacco users with oral cancer (2018)

Objectives: To identify potential candidate proteins which are secretory in nature and present at a higher abundance in oral cancer patients with tobacco habits. Methods: Conditioned media of tobacco-treated and -untreated non-neoplastic oral keratinocytes were analyzed using iTRAQ-based mass spectrometry. Hypersecreted proteins; SPARC (osteonectin), cwcv and kazal like domains proteoglycan 1 (SPOCK1); prosaposin (PSAP); and protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type S (PTPRS) were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using saliva samples from oral cancer patients who are tobacco users. Results: Proteomic analysis of tobacco-treated and -untreated cells led to the identification of 2873 proteins. Among these, 378 proteins showed high abundance and 253 proteins showed low abundance (2-fold cutoff) in conditioned-media of tobacco-treated cells. ELISA-based validation showed significantly higher levels of SPOCK1, PSAP, and PTPRS in oral cancer patients with tobacco chewing habits compared to healthy controls. However, PSAP showed low specificity compared to SPOCK1 and PTPRS. Conclusions: This study indicates significantly increased levels of SPOCK1, PSAP, and PTPRS in saliva of oral cancer patients with tobacco habits. These protein biomarkers might be useful to identify tobacco users with high risk of developing oral cancers.