gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stretchable Yarn of Display Elements (2009)

We developed the processing technique to form three-dimensionally coiled yarns of display elements from microfabricated organic displays on flat plastic foils in order to realize stretchable electronics. Three dimensional fabrics like sweaters have been much attention as elastic substrates for stretchable electronic devices, but the deposition and patterning of functional materials on the fabric are incompatible to planar process technique of MEMS. To solve this problem, we propose the fabrication technique where firstly display components are constructed on flat plastic foils and the foils are, then, processed to form them into coiled yarns. In detail of the process, organic electrochromic displays are fabricated on the releasable parylene films above the glass. The foils with displays are cut into yarns with dicing cutters and released from the glass. To make yarns stretchable, the resultant foils are spirally rolled around elastic core fibers, forming helical coiled structure. The stretch ratio of the fabricated yarn is tuned with its pitch angle, ranging from 1 to 2. Finally, we demonstrate the projection of the selected one pixel out of 4 pixels both before and after the yarn is stretched at its ratio of 1.3.
Model-based insertion and optimization of assist features with application to contact layers (2005)

To shorten the turn around time and reduce the amount of effort for SRAF insertion and optimization on any arbitrary layout, a new model-based SRAF insertion and optimization flow is developed. It is based on the pixel-based mask optimization technique [1] to find the optimal mask shapes that result in the best image contrast. The contrast-optimized mask is decomposed into main features and assist features. The decomposed assist features are then run through a simplification process for shot count reduction to improve mask writing throughput. Model-based Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) is applied finally to achieve required pattern fidelity for the current technology. In this flow, main features and assist features are allowed to be optimized simultaneously such that the effect of SRAF optimization and Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) are achieved. Since the objective of the mask optimization is the image fidelity, and there is no light coming through assist features (in dark field case), the assist features were ensured not to print even with high dose. The results on 65nm/contact layer showed this approach greatly reduced the total time and effort required for SRAF placement optimization compared to rule-based method, with better lithographic performance for various layout types when compared to rule-based approach.
767. Genetic Engineering of an Immortal Human CD8+ T Cell Line (2006)

Immunotherapy using adoptively transferred autologous tumor specific T lymphocytes in patients has been shown to be effective in treating EBV-induced post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases and melanoma. These treatments involve concurrent treatment with high dose interleukin-2 as an adjunct to promote the growth and maintenance of these cells in vivo. Persistence of these tumor-specific T-cells has been correlated with objective response. The requirement for the generation of autologous anti-tumor antigen specific T cells is a major limitation in widespread use of adoptive immunotherapy. A primary human T cell line, designated LC15, was generated by activating peripheral blood lymphocytes with OKT3 and IL-2, followed by transduction with a retroviral vector encoding a codon-optimized IL-15 gene. Long-term culture of these cells demonstrated logarithmic growth for more than 365 days, constitutive expression of IL-15, and the development of a clonal CD8+ T cell line. To test the functionality of the LC15 cell line, the cells were stimulated with OKT3. This line produced interferon gamma, IL-2, IL-12, TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and IL-10 upon stimulation with OKT3. Only low levels of INF-gamma were secreted in the absence of stimulation. This implied that the cell line might be functional, in response to T cell stimulation. To test if this line could be further genetically modified to demonstrate antigen specificity, different gene transfer methods were explored, including RNA electroporation, retroviral and lentiviral vector systems. LC15 proved refractory to transduction by retroviral vectors pseudotyped by the GaLV envelope and only minimally infectable with VSV-g pseudotyped vectors. GFP-expressing lentiviral vectors, using either a CMV promoter or a composite CAG promoter, transduced 25% to 50% of the cells at a MOI 3–4. RNA electroporation with the P53 TCR was also evaluated in this line. Specific interferon-gamma secretion was demonstrated from these electroporated cells after co-culture with p53 expressing cell lines. The LC15’s ability to proliferate based on its intrinsic production of IL-15 makes it an attractive effector for adoptive cell transfer.
Disparity Between Indications for and Utilization of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Asian Patients With Heart Failure (2017)

URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01633398. Unique identifier: NCT01633398.
Breaking the Transmitter–Receiver Isolation Barrier in Mobile Handsets With Spatial Duplexing (2012)

In full-duplex radio communication systems like e-UTRAN, CDMA-2000, the radio transmitter (Tx) is active at the same time as the radio receiver (Rx). The Tx and the Rx will be using separate dedicated frequency bands and the Tx-Rx isolation is ensured by duplex filters. However, agile duplexers required for multiband operation are almost nonexistent while dedicating a bank of narrowband filters is bulky and incurs considerable switching losses. In this paper, we propose an approach that dramatically reduces the complexity of the RF frontend, first by replacing the duplex filter with a spatial filter and second, by codesigning the filtering antennas and the RF frontend. The spatial filter is synthesized by equipping the Tx with redundant antennas. By properly weighting the Tx antennas, the Tx signal is selectively attenuated in the Rx direction. The spatial filter can be tuned to different frequency bands as long as the antennas are made tunable. Moreover, the spatial filter may directly benefit from the balanced architecture of the power amplifiers (PAs) thus reducing the total system complexity and insertion loss. Finally, simulation and initial measurement results are provided in a challenging low-frequency band, serving as a proof-of-concept.
Stress analysis method for elastically anisotropic material based optical waveguides and its application to strain-induced optical waveguides (1999)

A numerical approach for the stress analysis of elastically anisotropic material-based optical waveguides is newly formulated with the finite element method (FEM). The stress analysis method developed here is linked to the guided mode analysis method to produce a two-step analysis of acoustooptic modulation of optical waveguides. Numerical examples are shown for strain-induced optical waveguides on LiNbO/sub 3/ substrates.
Immunity to p53 induced by an idiotypic network of anti-p53 antibodies: generation of sequence-specific anti-DNA antibodies and protection from tumor metastasis. (1998)

The general overexpression of p53 by different types of tumor cells suggests that p53 immunity might be generally useful for tumor immunotherapy. We describe here the induction of immunity to p53 and resistance to tumor metastasis using an idiotypic network. Mice were immunized with domain-specific anti-p53 monoclonal antibodies (Ab1): PAb-248 directed to the N-terminus; PAb-246 directed to the specific DNA-binding region; or PAb-240 directed to a mutant p53 that does not bind specific DNA. Immunized mice responded by making anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) specific for the Ab1 inducer. Ab1 PAb-246 induced Ab2 that, like p53 itself, could bind the specific DNA oligonucleotide sequence of the p53 responsive element. Mice immunized with Ab1 PAb-240 or PAb-246 spontaneously made Ab3 anti-p53 antibodies that reflected the specificity of their Ab1 inducers: Ab1 PAb-246 induced Ab3 specific for wild-type p53; PAb-240 induced Ab3 specific for mutant p53. Ab1 PAb-248 induced only Ab2. The spontaneously arising Ab3 were of T cell-dependent IgG isotypes. Peptides from the complementarity determining regions of the Ab1 antibodies PAb-240 and PAb-246 could also induce Ab3 anti-p53. Finally, mice that produced Ab3 anti-p53 acquired resistance to tumor metastases. Therefore, an anti-idiotypic network built around certain domains of p53 seems to be programmed within the immune system, specific Ab2 antibodies can mimic the DNA binding domain of p53, and Ab3 network immunity to p53 can be associated with resistance to tumor cells.
The Critical Role of Supporting Electrolyte Selection on Flow Battery Cost (2017)

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising electrochemical devices for grid-scale energy storage due to their many favorable inherent attributes, such as decoupled power and energy ratings, as well as excellent performance and capacity retention. Recently, significant improvements in cell performance have made RFB systems more viable than ever. However, to meet the U.S. Department of Energy long range capital-cost target of $150 kWh -1 , additional cost reductions are needed. One promising route is new active species for RFBs designed for lower cost or improved performance. These next-generation RFB chemistries are likely to be engineered molecules or complexes, such as redox-active organic or organometallic compounds, which offer a multitude of possibilities. A key consideration in the selection of any new RFB chemistry is the supporting electrolyte, which has a significant influence on the membrane resistance, electrolyte conductivity, and electrolyte viscosity. All of these physical parameters have a major impact on RFB performance and cost. Therefore, it is useful to quantify changes in economic viability for various RFB chemistry options with different aqueous supporting electrolytes paired with different types of membranes, which is the focus of this work. A techno-economic model is used to estimate RFB-system costs for the different membrane and supporting electrolyte options considered herein. Variations in cell performance due to the working ion selection and electrolyte viscosity can yield battery cost differences in the $100’s kWh -1 , and this analysis allows for quantification of cost performance changes by selecting certain electrolyte characteristics. Beyond the conventional RFB design incorporating small active species and an ion-exchange membrane (IEM), this work also considers size-selective separators (SSS) as a cost-effective alternative to IEMs. The SSS concept utilizes nano-porous materials with no functionalization for ion selectivity, and active species that are too large to pass through the pores. Across the entire design space, SSS separators with low viscosity electrolytes offer the lowest RFB costs. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the United States Department of Energy. J.D.M. acknowledges additional financial support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program.
Pre-Processed Recursive Lattice Reduction for Complexity Reduction in Spatially and Temporally Correlated MIMO Channels (2009)

In this letter, a pre-processed lattice reduction (PLR) scheme is developed for the lattice reduction aided (LRA) detection of multiple input multiple-output (MIMO) systems in spatially correlated channel. The PLR computes the LLL-reduced matrix of the equivalent matrix, which is the product of the present channel matrix and unimodular transformation matrix for LR of spatial correlation matrix, rather than the present channel matrix itself. In conjunction with PLR followed by recursive lattice reduction (RLR) scheme [7], pre-processed RLR (PRLR) is shown to efficiently carry out the LR of the channel matrix, especially for the burst packet message in spatially and temporally correlated channel while matching the performance of conventional LRA detection.
Aircraft Wake Vortex State-of-the-Art & Research Needs (2015)

Airborne systems for wake vortex detection, prediction, warning, avoidance and impact alleviation are envisioned to enhance safety during all phases of flight. This specifically includes the cruise flight phase, during which relevant wake vortex encounters are reported regularly.
In general, three basic embodiments of airborne wake vortex systems can be distinguished:
- Wake encounter alerting with and without avoidance based on (probabilistic) wake vortex model predictions and enabled by advanced air-to-air data exchange
- Wake encounter alerting with and without avoidance based on mid to long range forward-looking wake vortex sensors
- Wake impact alleviation based on advanced flight control techniques enabled by short range forward-looking sensors and/or online wake characterization.
Carbon Audio: A Case Study in Strategy (2013)

Mark Schneider gave a guest lecture [1] to our class on May 15th, 2013. He provided an overview of his company, Carbon Audio, along with their existing product and future roadmap. Carbon audio was founded in 2012 by Mark Schneider and Jason Martin. Mark serves as the CEO and has a technical background having worked at both Kodak and Logitech. Jason is the CCO and has worked at Nike doing industrial design work. The collaboration between Mark and Jason can be broken down as the combination of both good design knowledge, technical knowledge of how to make products, and market understanding. Carbon audio focuses on producing audio equipment for the mobile market, specifically focusing on Apple’s mobile products (i.e. iPad, iPhone, Macbook). Carbon secured initial funding through crowd funding (i.e. Kickstarter) and angel investment. According to the RightStartups web article [2] entitled, “Zooka by Carbon Audo – The Dawn of the Compact Bluetooth Speaker”, Carbon initially secured 1.82M in funding, which “came from a few different sources including Danny Guez from Los Angeles. Guez was so impressed with the founder’s resumes, experience and the Zooka idea that he contributed 1.5M before ever even seeing the Zooka prototype.” According to Mr. Schneider, Carbon’s retail locations include: Apple, Target, Amazon, Walmart, Urban Outfitters, Best Buy, Nordstrom, MediaMart, Henri Bendel, Dixons, Argos, Virgin, London Drugs, QVC, Fred Meyer, and Fnac.
Highly efficient Terahertz photoconductive switch at 1060nm excitation wavelength (2013)

Broadband and sensitive Terahertz (THz) emitter and detector material is required to build cost-effective and mobile THz time-domain spectrometer systems (TDS). We present an efficient THz switch optimized for femtosecond lasers operating at the central wavelength of about 1060 nm. Performance is improved by a factor of 20 due to the implementation of mesa structuring and utilization of low temperature grown (LT) Bedoped InGaAs/InAlAs antenna material.
Two Multi Access Algorithms for Channels with Multiple Reception Capacity (1990)

Two multi access algorithms for channels with multiple reception capacity arc presented. They achieve better throughput performance than the existing algorithms for higher reception capacity. It is shown that high reception capacity of the channel allows the access algorithm to be simpler without losing performance.
Surviving the Information Explosion: How People Find Their Electronic Information (2003)

Abstract: We report on a study of how people look for information within email, files, and the Web. When locating a document or searching for a specific answer, people relied on their contextual knowledge of their information target to help them find it, often associating the target with a specific document. They appeared to prefer to use this contextual information as a guide in navigating locally in small steps to the desired document rather than directly jumping to their target. We found this behavior was especially true for people with unstructured information organization. We discuss the implications of our findings for the design of personal information management tools.
Does hepatitis C contribute to liver injury in alcohol abusers in the west of Scotland? (1995)

The absence of anti-HCV in this population of patients with alcoholic liver disease shows that HCV is not a necessary or a common cofactor in the development of alcoholic liver disease in the west of Scotland.
A Prognostic Gene Expression Profile That Predicts Circulating Tumor Cell Presence in Breast Cancer Patients (2012)

The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood and microarray gene expression profiling of the primary tumor are two promising new technologies able to provide valuable prognostic data for patients with breast cancer. Meta-analyses of several established prognostic breast cancer gene expression profiles in large patient cohorts have demonstrated that despite sharing few genes, their delineation of patients into ''good prognosis'' or ''poor prognosis'' are frequently very highly correlated, and combining prognostic profiles does not increase prognostic power. In the current study, we aimed to develop a novel profile which provided independent prognostic data by building a signature predictive of CTC status rather than outcome. Microarray gene expression data from an initial training cohort of 72 breast cancer patients for which CTC status had been determined in a previous study using a multimarker QPCR-based assay was used to develop a CTC-predictive profile. The generated profile was validated in two independent datasets of 49 and 123 patients and confirmed to be both predictive of CTC status, and independently prognostic. Importantly, the ''CTC profile'' also provided prognostic information independent of the well-established and powerful '70-gene' prognostic breast cancer signature. This profile therefore has the potential to not only add prognostic information to currently-available microarray tests but in some circumstances even replace blood-based prognostic CTC tests at time of diagnosis for those patients already undergoing testing by multigene assays.
Latency reversal plus natural killer cells diminish HIV reservoir in vivo (2022)

HIV is difficult to eradicate due to the persistence of a long-lived reservoir of latently infected cells. Previous studies have shown that natural killer cells are important to inhibiting HIV infection, but it is unclear whether the administration of natural killer cells can reduce rebound viremia when anti-retroviral therapy is discontinued. Here we show the administration of allogeneic human peripheral blood natural killer cells delays viral rebound following interruption of anti-retroviral therapy in humanized mice infected with HIV-1. Utilizing genetically barcoded virus technology, we show these natural killer cells efficiently reduced viral clones rebounding from latency. Moreover, a kick and kill strategy comprised of the protein kinase C modulator and latency reversing agent SUW133 and allogeneic human peripheral blood natural killer cells during anti-retroviral therapy eliminated the viral reservoir in a subset of mice. Therefore, combinations utilizing latency reversal agents with targeted cellular killing agents may be an effective approach to eradicating the viral reservoir.
Cancer associated fibroblast FAK regulates malignant cell metabolism (2020)

Emerging evidence suggests that cancer cell metabolism can be regulated by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), but the mechanisms are poorly defined. Here we show that CAFs regulate malignant cell metabolism through pathways under the control of FAK. In breast and pancreatic cancer patients we find that low FAK expression, specifically in the stromal compartment, predicts reduced overall survival. In mice, depletion of FAK in a subpopulation of CAFs regulates paracrine signals that increase malignant cell glycolysis and tumour growth. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis in our mouse model identifies metabolic alterations which are reflected at the transcriptomic level in patients with low stromal FAK. Mechanistically we demonstrate that FAK-depletion in CAFs increases chemokine production, which via CCR1/CCR2 on cancer cells, activate protein kinase A, leading to enhanced malignant cell glycolysis. Our data uncover mechanisms whereby stromal fibroblasts regulate cancer cell metabolism independent of genetic mutations in cancer cells.
Controlling the magnetic properties of CoCrPt thin films by means of thin hexagonal-close-packed intermediate layers (2002)

CoCrPt films for longitudinal recording media were investigated as a function of substrate bias applied during the deposition. CoCrPt films were deposited on an underlayer stack consisting of glass/NiAl/CrMn with bias applied only during deposition of the CoCrPt layer. A strong dependence of the CoCrPt coercivity on the substrate bias was observed when a thin hexagonal-close-packed CoCrTa template was added as an intermediate layer between the CoCrPt and NiAl/CrMn underlayers. This effect was not observed in the absence of the CoCrTa layer. Microstructural investigation of CoCrPt thin films using grazing incidence and conventional x-ray diffraction indicated that the lattice of the CoCrPt increased in both the in-plane and normal directions as the bias was increased. A compositional analysis from both inductively coupled plasma and energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence measurements revealed that negative substrate bias applied during CoCrPt deposition changed the Pt content from 12 to 37 at. % in the CoCrPt films. The compositional change greatly improved the coercivity of the cobalt films up to 4300 Oe. At these large Pt concentrations, the CoCrTa intermediate layer was needed to reduce the lattice mismatch between the CoCrPt magnetic layer and NiAl/CrMn underlayers. This resulted in suppression of the Co (00.2) out-of-plane texture, and allowed high coercivity to be achieved.
p300/CBP-associated Factor Drives DEK into Interchromatin Granule Clusters (2005)

DEK is a mammalian protein that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and cancer, including acute myeloid leukemia, melanoma, glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and bladder cancer. In addition, DEK appears to participate in multiple cellular processes, including transcriptional repression, mRNA processing, and chromatin remodeling. Sub-nuclear distribution of this protein, with the attendant functional ramifications, has remained a controversial topic. Here we report that DEK undergoes acetylation in vivo at lysine residues within the first 70 N-terminal amino acids. Acetylation of DEK decreases its affinity for DNA elements within the promoter, which is consistent with the involvement of DEK in transcriptional repression. Furthermore, deacetylase inhibition results in accumulation of DEK within interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs), sub-nuclear structures that contain RNA processing factors. Overexpression of P/CAF acetylase drives DEK into IGCs, and addition of a newly developed, synthetic, cell-permeable P/CAF inhibitor blocks this movement. To our knowledge, this is the first reported example of acetylation playing a direct role in relocation of a protein to IGCs, and this may explain how DEK can function in multiple pathways that take place in distinct sub-nuclear compartments. These findings also suggest that DEK-associated malignancies and autoimmune diseases might be amenable to treatment with agents that alter acetylation.