gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of nano- and microcrystalline cubes of pure and Ag-doped LiF (2012)

Abstract Lithium fluoride (LiF) produced in single crystals and doped with proper activators is a highly sensitive phosphor used in several applications such as integrated optics, colour centre laser and radiation dosimetry. In this work, we have developed a new synthetic chemical co-precipitation route for the synthesis of well-crystallized micro- and nanocrystalline cubes of pure and silver (Ag)-doped LiF. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, absorption spectrum, photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy. Size of the produced cubes could be controlled in the range 10 µ m–50 nm by varying the solvent : co-solvent ratio. Micro-sized cubes could be grown in the presence of water as a solvent, while ethanol, which acts as a co-solvent, is found to be effective in reducing the size to the nanoscale. XRD results show complete crystalline structures in a griceite phase. The PL result of pure nanocubes exhibits a broad band in the range 370–550 nm, while that doped with Ag shows a prominent band at 420 nm. Raman spectra of the pure and Ag-doped LiF samples display several bands located in the range 80–236 cm −1 . These results show that pure nanocubes of LiF have active colour centres without irradiation, which could be enhanced/modified by Ag dopants. This implies that these nanocubes might be useful in the development of optical devices.
Evaluation of a Conformationally Constrained Indole Carboxamide as a Potential Efflux Pump Inhibitor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2022)

Efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa provide intrinsic antimicrobial resistance by facilitating the extrusion of a wide range of antimicrobials. Approaches for combating efflux-mediated multidrug resistance involve, in part, developing indirect antimicrobial agents capable of inhibiting efflux, thus rescuing the activity of antimicrobials previously rendered inactive by efflux. Herein, TXA09155 is presented as a novel efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) formed by conformationally constraining our previously reported EPI TXA01182. TXA09155 demonstrates strong potentiation in combination with multiple antibiotics with efflux liabilities against wild-type and multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa. At 6.25 µg/mL, TXA09155, showed ≥8-fold potentiation of levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, doxycycline, minocycline, cefpirome, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole. Several biophysical and genetic studies rule out membrane disruption and support efflux inhibition as the mechanism of action (MOA) of TXA09155. TXA09155 was determined to lower the frequency of resistance (FoR) to levofloxacin and enhance the killing kinetics of moxifloxacin. Most importantly, TXA09155 outperformed the levofloxacin-potentiation activity of EPIs TXA01182 and MC-04,124 against a CDC/FDA panel of MDR clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. TXA09155 possesses favorable physiochemical and ADME properties that warrant its optimization and further development.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of cyclopropyl analogs of 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (1991)

A series of cyclopropyl analogues related to 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5) were synthesized and their biological activity was assessed as competitive antagonists for the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. In vitro receptor binding using [3H]-L-glutamate as the radioligand provided affinity data, while modulation of [3H]MK-801 binding was used as a functional assay. The analogues were also evaluated in [3H]kainate binding to assess selectivity over non-NMDA glutamate receptors. Of the compounds tested, 4,5-methano-AP5 analogue 26 was the most potent selective NMDA antagonist; however, potency was lower than that for [[(+/-)-2-carboxypiperidin-4-yl]methyl]phosphonic acid (CGS 19755, 5).
Indium Tin Oxide Nanofiber Film Electrode for High Performance Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (2010)

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) were fabricated using transparent and conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) nanofiber film prepared by electrospinning. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed that the prepared films were well attached, exceptionally long, and had an average diameter of around 200 nm. We found that the maximum efficiency of the device was as high as 3.97% with the structure of a double-layer nanofiber film. It was shown that an improvement as much as 16.76% was achieved. These achievements were obtained due to a reduction in grain boundaries, to an efficient high charge collection, and to rapid electron transport.
Prospects in management of T-cell lymphomas (2020)

Le pronostic des lymphomes T est à ce jour relativement sombre, avec un arsenal thérapeutique limité. Les progrès récents, notamment dans le domaine de la biologie moléculaire, ont permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes physiopathologiques et de mieux classer les sous-types de lymphomes T. Ces avancées offrent un rationnel pour développer de nouveaux traitements, plus spécifiques et adaptés aux caractéristiques de la tumeur. Dans cet article, nous passons en revue les différentes molécules qui ont été étudiées en clinique ces dernières années pour le traitement des lymphomes T, dont les anticorps, les immunoconjugués, les agents épigénétiques, les inhibiteurs de kinase, les inhibiteurs du protéasome, les immunomodulateurs et les immunothérapies.
Supramolecular Nanomimetics: Replication of Micelles, Viruses, and Other Naturally Occurring Nanoscale Objects (2007)

Replicas of naturally occurring structures, including viruses (see image, left), micelles (center), and carbon nanotubes (right) are made from fluoropolymer molds templated from naturally occurring objects. The successful integration of imprint fabrication with bottom-up self-assembly is demonstrated for integrated nanopatterning, which may have applications in many diverse areas such as sensors, implantable biomaterials, and medical therapies. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2296/2007/z600507_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Quantifying sympathetic neuro‐haemodynamic transduction at rest in humans: insights into sex, ageing and blood pressure control (2016)

Sex and age differences in the sympathetic control of resting blood pressure (BP) may be due to differences in the transduction of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) into vascular tone. Current methods for dynamically quantifying transduction focus on the relationship between SNA and vasoconstriction during a pressor stimulus, which increases BP and may be contra-indicated in patients. We describe a simple analytical method for quantifying transduction under resting conditions. We performed linear regression analysis of binned muscle SNA burst areas against diastolic BP (DBP). We assessed whether the slope of this relationship reflects the transduction of SNA into DBP. To evaluate this, we investigated whether this measure captures differences in transduction in different populations. Specifically, we (1) quantified transduction in young men (YM), young women (YW), older men (OM) and postmenopausal women (PMW); and (2) measured changes in transduction during β-blockade using propranolol in YW, YM and PMW. YM had a greater transduction vs. OM (0.10 ± 0.01 mmHg (% s)(-1) , n = 23 vs. 0.06 ± 0.01 mmHg (% s)(-1) , n = 18; P = 0.003). Transduction was lowest in YW (0.02 ± 0.01 mmHg (% s)(-1) , n = 23) and increased during β-blockade (0.11 ± 0.01 mmHg (% s)(-1) ; P < 0.001). Transduction in PMW (0.07 ± 0.01 mmHg (% s)(-1) , n = 23) was greater compared to YW (P = 0.001), and was not altered during β-blockade (0.06 ± 0.01 mmHg (% s)(-1) ; P = 0.98). Importantly, transduction increased in women with age, but decreased in men. Transduction in women intersected that in men at 55 ± 1.5 years. This measure of transduction captures age- and sex-differences in the sympathetic regulation of DBP and may be valuable in quantifying transduction in disease. In particular, this measure may help target treatment strategies in specific hypertensive subpopulations.
Circular Dichroism and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Analysis of Immunogenic Gluten Peptides and Their Analogs (2002)

Celiac Sprue, or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is an inheritable human disease of the small intestine that is triggered by the dietary intake of gluten. Recently, several Pro- and Gln-rich peptide sequences (most notably PQPQLPY and analogs) have been identified from gluten with potent immunogenic activity toward CD4(+) T cells from small intestinal biopsies of Celiac Sprue patients. These peptides have three unusual properties. First, they are relatively stable toward further proteolysis by gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal enzymes. Second, they are recognized and deamidated by human tissue transglutaminase (tTGase) with high selectivity. Third, tTGase-catalyzed deamidation enhances their affinity for HLA-DQ2, the disease-specific class II major histocompatibility complex heterodimer. In an attempt to seek a mechanistic explanation for these properties, we undertook secondary structural studies on PQPQLPY and its analogs. Circular dichroism studies on a series of monomeric and dimeric analogs revealed a strong polyproline II helical propensity in a subset of them. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis confirmed a polyproline II conformation of PQPQLPY, and was also used to elucidate the secondary structure of the most helical variant, (D-P)QPQLPY. Remarkably, a strong correlation was observed between polyproline II content of naturally occurring gluten peptides and the specificity of human tTGase toward these substrates. Analogs with up to two D-amino acid residues retained both polyproline II helical content and transglutaminase affinity. Since the Michaelis constant (K(m)) is the principal determinant of tTGase specificity for naturally occurring gluten peptides and their analogs, our results suggest that the tTGase binding site may have a preference for polyproline II helical substrates. If so, these insights could be exploited for the design of selective small molecule inhibitors of this pharmacologically important enzyme.
In vitrolipid digestion models in design of drug delivery systems for enhancing oral bioavailability (2007)

This review focuses on recent progress in the in vitro lipid digestion models and how these models can underpin in vitro-in vivo correlations which are a key element for drug development. A plethora of articles are dealing with development of lipid-based formulations of poorly soluble compounds for oral administration; however, most studies base formulation development and proof of concept on bioavailability studies and do not consider the use of in vitro studies. A major challenge is the development of in vitro models simulating the gastric or intestinal fluids to assess their in vivo performance. The use of in vitro lipolysis models has been proposed as an approach to probe solubilisation in the aqueous phase during the progress of enzymatic degradation of lipid based-formulations. Moreover, the in vitro digestion models, coupled with biophysical methods, offer insights into the mechanisms underlying lipid digestion, by characterising the generated intermediate colloidal phases, and thereby can serve as a screening tool for designing and optimising lipid-based formulations.
Star Telechelic Poly(l-lactide) Ionomers (2015)

Poly(l-lactide) (PLA), a biodegradable and biorenewable polymer, has many excellent properties that are equivalent to those of petroleum-derived plastics such as polystyrene, aromatic polyesters, etc. However, a major disadvantage of PLA which limits its processability is its poor melt elasticity. In this work we explore the possibility of improving the viscoelastic properties of PLA melt by incorporating ionic groups on the polymer. Specifically, we demonstrate the synthesis of star telechelic PLA anionomers by a three-step procedure involving synthesis of Star PLA, converting the hydroxyl end groups into carboxylic acid end groups, and finally converting these into ionic groups. Rheology data showed a dramatic increase in the elasticity of the star telechelic ionomer melts relative to the Star PLA melts. The viscoelasticity of star telechelic ionomers melts could be modulated by varying the number of ionic groups per molecule.
MP66-11 LIM-SH3 DOMAIN PROTEIN 1 CORRELATES WITH CELL INVASION AND STEMNESS IN PROSTATE CANCER AND EARLY METASTASIS AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY (2016)

Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
E. coli Phagelysate: A Primer to Enhance Nanoparticles and Drug Deliveries in Tumor (2023)

The tumor microenvironment (TME), where cancer cells reside, plays a crucial role in cancer progression and metastasis. It maintains an immunosuppressive state in many tumors and regulates the differentiation of precursor monocytes into M1 (anti-tumor)- and M2 (pro-tumor)-polarized macrophages, and greatly reduces anticancer drug and nanoparticle delivery. As a result, the effectiveness of recently developed chemo- and/or nanotechnology-mediated immune and magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia (mNPH) therapies is inhibited significantly. One of the ways to overcome this limitation is to use <i>E. coli</i> phagelysate as a primer to modify the tumor microenvironment by switching tumor-associated M2 macrophages to anti-tumor M1 macrophages, and initiate the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Recently, bacteriophages and phage-induced lysed bacteria (bacterial phagelysates-BPLs) have been shown to be capable of modifying the tumor-associated environment. Phage/BPL-coated proteins tend to elicit strong anti-tumor responses from the innate immune system, prompting phagocytosis and cytokine release. It has also been reported that the microenvironments of bacteriophage- and BPL-treated tumors facilitate the conversion of M2-polarized TAMS to a more M1-polarized (tumoricidal) environment post-phage treatment. This paper demonstrates the feasibility and enhanced efficacy of combining <i>E. coli</i> phagelysate (EcPHL) and mNPH, a promising technology for treating cancers, in a rodent model. Specifically, we illustrate the EcPHL vaccination effect on the TME and mNP distribution in Ehrlich adenocarcinoma tumors by providing the tumor growth dynamics and histology (H&E and Prussian blue) distribution of mNP in tumor and normal tissue.
Do Infrared Molecular Fingerprints of Individuals Exist? Lessons from Spectroscopic Analysis of Human Blood (2019)

Summary form only given. Genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors, along with development and aging impact molecular composition of human blood. Although many diseases leave their trace in blood, the question is whether this trace can be robustly and reproducibly measured and used for health monitoring of a given adult population. Infrared molecular spectra of blood serum can be obtained in a non-invasive, time-and cost-efficient manner, delivering molecular information from all molecular species within the highly complex samples. We demonstrate that broadband infrared spectroscopy can be used for reproducible molecular fingerprinting of human blood. To evaluate whether certain medium is sufficiently robust to facilitate detection of disease onset, the quantitative extent of variability of a person as well as a reference population needs to be evaluated. If within person variability would exceed that of the between-personal variability in a reference population, the approach would not be suited for disease detection. To assess the extent of uniqueness of infrared molecular fingerprints as well as their biological variability, we performed a comprehensive prospective longitudinal study collecting blood samples of 27 healthy individuals donating blood at 8 consequent intervals. We apply broadband infrared molecular fingerprinting by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and analyse between-person and within-person variability based on all different molecular classes in the blood simultaneously. We report experimental evidence of the feasibility of identifying a person within a group of individuals based on her/his infrared molecular fingerprint, similarly to metabolic fingerprints [1]. In a first step, using standard methods for descriptive analysis we observe that the between-person variability is larger than the within-person variability by a factor of 3. This observation opens up the possibility for disease detection. In a second step, we combine standard dimensionality-reduction methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA), and several high -accuracy machine-learning algorithms [1] (random forests, extreme gradient boosting, k nearest neighbours) for deriving classification rules, which we then use for making predictions on test sets of unseen data. For a group of 7 donations that span a period of 6 weeks, we reach peak classification accuracy of above 95%, while the accuracy of a classifier predicting in random would have been as low as 3.7%. In addition, we evaluate the underlying spectral features with respect to their importance on signalling separation and in this way identifying the human blood serum constituents associated with between-person variation.
Microchannel spatial light modulator having the functions of image zooming, shifting, and rotating (1986)

A microchannel spatial light modulator having the functions of writing positive and negative charges has been developed. Moreover it has the special functions of zooming, deflecting, and rotating images. The device can achieve image differentiation and Laplacian operation as well as image addition, subtraction, and logic operations. The device facilitates pattern recognition.
Antarctica X-band MiniSAR Crevasse Detection Radar : draft final report. (2010)

This document is the final report for the 2009 Antarctica Crevasse Detection Radar (CDR) Project. This portion of the project is referred to internally as Phase 2. This is a follow on to the work done in Phase 1 reported on in [1]. Phase 2 involved the modification of a Sandia National Laboratories MiniSAR system used in Phase 1 to work with an LC-130 aircraft that operated in Antarctica in October through November of 2009. Experiments from the 2006 flights were repeated, as well as a couple new flight tests to examine the effect of colder snow and ice on the radar signatures of 'deep field' sites. This document includes discussion of the hardware development, system capabilities, and results from data collections in Antarctica during the fall of 2009.
Micro-loop Prevention by Introducing a Local Convergence Delay (2018)

This document describes a mechanism for link-state routing protocols
that prevents local transient forwarding loops in case of link
failure. This mechanism proposes a two-step convergence by introducing
a delay between the convergence of the node adjacent to the topology
change and the network-wide convergence. Because this mechanism
delays the IGP convergence, it may only be used for planned
maintenance or when Fast Reroute (FRR) protects the traffic during the
time between the link failure and the IGP convergence. The mechanism
is limited to the link-down event in order to keep the mechanism
simple. Simulations using real network topologies have been performed
and show that local loops are a significant portion (>50%) of the
total forwarding loops.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation and Antitumor Photodynamic Therapy with Fullerenes (2016)

This book provides detailed and current information on using fullerenes (bucky-balls) in photodynamic therapy (PDT), one of the most actively studied applications of photonic science in healthcare. This will serve as a useful source for researchers working in photomedicine and nanomedicine, especially those who are investigating PDT for cancer treatment and infectious disease treatment. The book runs the gamut from an introduction to the history and chemistry of fullerenes and some basic photochemistry, to the application of fullerenes as photosensitizers for cancer and antimicrobial inactivation.
Thy-1 Promoter Hypermethylation (2008)

Mechanisms regulating myofibroblastic differentiation of fibroblasts within fibroblastic foci in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remain unclear. Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, produce heritable but potentially reversible changes in DNA or its associated proteins and are prominent in development and oncogenesis. We have shown that Thy-1 suppresses myofibroblastic differentiation of lung fibroblasts and that fibroblasts in fibroblastic foci are Thy-1(-). Epigenetic down-regulation of Thy-1 has been demonstrated in cellular transformation and clinical cancer. We hypothesized that epigenetic regulation of Thy-1 affects the lung fibroblast fibrogenic phenotype. RT-PCR, methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and bisulfite genomic sequencing were used to determine the methylation status of the Thy-1 promoter in Thy-1(+) and Thy-1(-) lung fibroblasts, and MSP-in situ hybridization (MSPISH) was performed on fibrotic tissue. Thy-1 gene expression is absent in Thy-1(-) human and rat fibroblasts despite intact Thy-1 genomic DNA. Cytosine-guanine islands in the Thy-1 gene promoter are hypermethylated in Thy-1(-), but not Thy-1(+), fibroblasts. RT-PCR and MSP demonstrate that, in IPF samples in which Thy-1 expression is absent, the Thy-1 promoter region is methylated, whereas in lung samples retaining Thy-1 expression, the promoter region is unmethylated. MSPISH confirms methylation of the Thy-1 promoter in fibroblastic foci in IPF. Treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors restores Thy-1 expression in Thy-1(-) fibroblasts. Epigenetic regulation of Thy-1 is a novel and potentially reversible mechanism in fibrosis that may offer the possibility of new therapeutic options.
Multifunctional Folded Polypeptides from Peptide Synthesis and Site-Selective Self-Functionalization—Practical Scaffolds in Aqueous Solution (2002)

The site selectivity of His-mediated lysine and ornithine side-chain acylation in a designed four-helix bundle protein scaffold was mapped by reaction of several polypeptides with one equivalent of mono-p-nitrophenyl fumarate in aqueous solution at pH 5.9 and room temperature followed by an analysis of the degrees and sites of acylation. Integration of the HPLC chromatograms of the acylated polypeptides and trypsin cleavage followed by mass spectrometry analysis of the tryptic fragments provided the experimental evidence. Based on these and previously published results a strategy was developed for the site-selective and stepwise incorporation of three residues into a folded polypeptide in aqueous solution at room temperature. The first substituent was incorporated by reaction of a 1.7-fold excess of the corresponding active ester with the polypeptide at pH 5.9, the second substituent was introduced in a 3-fold excess after the pH value was raised to 8, and the third substituent was incorporated by reaction of a 10-fold excess with the polypeptide at pH 5.9. No intermediate steps of purification were taken and the overall yield was 30 % or more. Examples of the substituents included are carbohydrates, an enzyme inhibitor, a fumarate, and an acetate group. The introduction of different substituents into three individually addressable positions in a stepwise, efficient, and controllable reaction demonstrates that designed folded polypeptides are practically useful scaffolds that can be functionalized by using very simple chemistry in aqueous solution. Predicted applications include designed receptors, biosensors, and molecular devices.
Oral Poster 50: Bladder Cancers Incidentally Diagnosed During the Evaluation of Irritative Voiding Symptoms: The Majority Do Not Present With Hematuria (2004)

Oral Poster Presentations: AUGS-SGS Abstracts: 2004 Joint Scientific Meeting The American Urogynecologic Society and The Society of Gynecologic Surgeons