gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of injected CO2 at two commercial geologic storage sites with significant pressure depletion and/or re-pressurization histories: A case study (2016)

Majority of geologic CO2 storage sites for currently operated large-scale integrated carbon capture and storage projects (LSIPs) in operation around the world are depleted oil fields that have been undergone significant depletion and re-pressurization prior to injection of captured CO2. A better understanding of any of the implications associated with past depletion and re-pressurization histories to “out of injection zone” migration of injected CO2 can help in making monitoring strategies significantly more effective. Being the geologic CO2 storage demonstration sites for two most active LSIPs in the US, the West Hastings and the Bell Creek Oil Fields are the main focus of present study. The monitoring technologies that have been used/deployed/tested at both the normally pressured West Hastings and the subnormally pressured Bell Creek storage sites appear to adequately address any of the potential “out of zone migration” of injected CO2 at these sites. It would be interesting to see if any of the collected monitoring data at the West Hastings and the Bell Creek storage sites could also be used in future to better understand the viability of initially subnormally pressured and subsequently depleted and re-pressurized oil fields as secure geologic CO2 storage sites with relatively large storage CO2 capacities compared to the depleted and re-pressurized oil fields that were initially discovered as normally pressured.
Continuous-wave organic dye lasers and methods (2023)

An organic dye laser produces a continuous-wave (cw) output without any moving parts (e.g., without using flowing dye streams or spinning discs of solid-state dye media to prevent photobleaching) and with a pump beam that is stationary with respect to the organic dye medium. The laser's resonant cavity, organic dye medium, and pump beam are configured to excite a lasing transition over a time scale longer than the associated decay lifetimes in the organic dye medium without photobleaching the organic dye medium. Because the organic dye medium does not photobleach when operating in this manner, it may be pumped continuously so as to emit a cw output beam. In some examples, operation in this manner lowers the lasing threshold (e.g., to only a few Watts per square centimeter), thereby facilitating electrical pumping for cw operation.
Stern–Gerlach study of nitric oxide (1996)

The Stern–Gerlach (SG) deflection spectra of NO were studied at different jet velocities and at different electronic temperatures of molecules in the jet. It was shown that the biggest SG deflections are due to the upper spin–orbit component of the ground state, the 2Π3/2 state. SG splitting of the lower spin–orbit component, 2Π1/2, which should be zero in the pure Hund's case (a) model, was also observed.
BCG vaccination history associates with decreased SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence across a diverse cohort of health care workers (2020)

BACKGROUNDSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than 1 million deaths worldwide; thus, there is an urgent need to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies. The antituberculosis vaccine bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) demonstrates nonspecific, protective innate immune-boosting effects. Here, we determined whether a history of BCG vaccination was associated with decreased SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroconversion in a longitudinal, retrospective observational study of a diverse cohort of health care workers (HCWs).METHODSWe assessed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and collected medical questionnaires, which included information on BCG vaccination status and preexisting demographic and clinical characteristics, from an observational cohort of HCWs in a multisite Los Angeles health care organization. We used multivariate analysis to determine whether a history of BCG vaccination was associated with decreased rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroconversion.RESULTSOf the 6201 HCWs, 29.6% reported a history of BCG vaccination, whereas 68.9% had not received BCG vaccination. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG as well as the incidence of self-reported clinical symptoms associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were markedly decreased among HCWs with a history of BCG vaccination compared with those without BCG vaccination. After adjusting for age and sex, we found that a history of BCG vaccination, but not meningococcal, pneumococcal, or influenza vaccination, was associated with decreased SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroconversion.CONCLUSIONSA history of BCG vaccination was associated with a decrease in the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and a lower number of participants who self-reported experiencing COVID-19-related clinical symptoms in this cohort of HCWs. Therefore, large randomized, prospective clinical trials of BCG vaccination are urgently needed to confirm whether BCG vaccination can confer a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy using photon-number squeezed light (1996)

Using coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy below the band edge of a GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.3}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}0.3}$As multiple quantum well, photon-number squeezed light generated by a quantum-well laser is used to resolve the exciton resonances and the Urbach tail with detection sensitivity below the semiclassical shot-noise limit. The effect of polarization-dependent noise in the nonclassical probe field is also investigated.
Cu(In,Ga)Se<inf>2</inf> film formation from selenization of mixed metal/metal-selenide precursors (2008)

For Cu(In,Ga)Se <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> films made by the selenization of metallic precursors, Ga accumulation at the back contact prevents the achievement of high voltage solar cells. In this work, selenization of mixed metal/metal-selenide precursors has been studied with respect to the composition distribution and device performance. Precursors consisting of Cu-Se/Ga/In and (In,Ga)-Se/Cu were reacted in H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Se at 450°C for 5, 15, and 90 minutes with metallic Cu <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.8</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.2</inf> /In precursors as a control. Ga accumulation near the back contact in the selenized films was generally observed except for one precursor with a Cu-Se/Ga/In structure, which showed a hill-like Ga profile with the maximum Ga concentration in the middle of the film. Enhanced Ga incorporation into the Cu(In,Ga)Se <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> is shown by XRD for the precursors made from electrochemically deposited copper-selenium and changes in the bandgap were observed in the device behaviors.
Passively Harmonically Self-Mode-Locked Vertical- External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VECSEL) (2014)

We demonstrate a harmonically self-mode-locked optically pumped semiconductor disk laser up to the third harmonic with a central wavelength of 1014 nm. Pulse durations penetrating the femtosecond regime at 500 MHz repetition rate are achieved.
Enhanced Verification-Based Decoding for Packet-Based LDPC Codes (2008)

In this letter, an enhanced verification-based decoding algorithm (EVA) for packet level low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is proposed. Compared with the verification algorithm (VA) in the literature, the proposed algorithm reduces the likelihood of false verification by enhancing the verification condition to achieve a better decoding performance. For example, simulation results in this letter show that EVA reduces frame error rate (FER) by two orders when comparing the VA over binary symmetric channel (BSC), while the increase of the computational load is less than 90%.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled MRI study of anti–herpes virus therapy in MS (2002)

Valacyclovir treatment did not reduce the formation of active lesions in patients with relapsing-remitting MS who had two or more relapses during the previous 2-year period. In a subgroup of patients with high levels of disease activity who had more than one active MRI-evident lesion during 4 weeks, valacyclovir treatment was associated with a reduced number of new active MRI-evident lesions and with an increase in the number of scans free of new active lesions. The results of the exploratory subgroup analysis provide support for further studies of antiherpes therapy for patients with MS and high levels of MRI-evident disease activity.
A Primer on Rate-Splitting Multiple Access: Tutorial, Myths, and Frequently Asked Questions (2023)

Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) has emerged as a powerful multiple access, interference management, and multi-user strategy for next generation communication systems. In this tutorial, we depart from the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) versus non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) discussion held in 5G, and the conventional multi-user linear precoding approach used in space-division multiple access (SDMA), multi-user and massive MIMO in 4G and 5G, and show how multi-user communications and multiple access design for 6G and beyond should be intimately related to the fundamental problem of interference management. We start from foundational principles of interference management and rate-splitting, and progressively delineate RSMA frameworks for downlink, uplink, and multi-cell networks. We show that, in contrast to past generations of multiple access techniques (OMA, NOMA, SDMA), RSMA offers numerous benefits: 1) enhanced spectral, energy and computation efficiency; 2) universality by unifying and generalizing OMA, SDMA, NOMA, physical-layer multicasting, multi-user MIMO under a single framework that holds for any number of antennas at each node (SISO, SIMO, MISO, and MIMO settings); 3) flexibility by coping with any interference levels (from very weak to very strong), network loads (underloaded, overloaded), services (unicast, multicast), traffic, user deployments (channel directions and strengths); 4) robustness to inaccurate channel state information (CSI) and resilience to mixed-critical quality of service; 5) reliability under short channel codes and low latency. We then discuss how those benefits translate into numerous opportunities for RSMA in over forty different applications and scenarios of 6G, e.g., multi-user MIMO with statistical/quantized CSI, FDD/TDD/cell-free massive MIMO, millimeter wave and terahertz, cooperative relaying, physical layer security, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, cloud-radio access network, internet-of-things, massive access, joint communication and jamming, non-orthogonal unicast and multicast, multigroup multicast, multibeam satellite, space-air-ground integrated networks, unmanned aerial vehicles, integrated sensing and communications, grant-free access, network slicing, cognitive radio, optical/visible light communications, mobile edge computing, machine/federated learning, etc. We finally address common myths and answer frequently asked questions, opening the discussions to interesting future research avenues. Supported by the numerous benefits and applications, the tutorial concludes on the underpinning role played by RSMA in next generation networks, which should inspire future research, development, and standardization of RSMA-aided communication for 6G.
Making Water System Rehabilitation Decisions (1986)

Making decisions regarding water distribution systems has always involved a great deal of judgment due to the complexity of the decisions involved. This paper presents a framework for approaching the problem in an organized manner to develop economically justifiable solutions. The key is to break decision making into three steps: analyze the need for replacement based on physical integrity; find the least cost solution to meet pressure and flow requirements; and assess the water quality and reliability consequences. Refs.
A Target Recycling Amplification Process for the Digital Detection of Exosomal MicroRNAs through Photonic Resonator Absorption Microscopy (2023)

Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have considerable potential as pivotal biomarkers to monitor cancer development, dis-ease progression, treatment effects and prognosis. Here, we report an efficient target recycling amplification process (TRAP) for the digital detection of miRNAs using photonic resonator absorption microscopy. We achieve multiplex digital detection with sub-attomolar sensitivity in 20 minutes, robust selectivity for single nucleotide variants, and a broad dynamic range from 1 aM to 1 pM. Compared with traditional qRT-PCR, TRAP showed similar accuracy in profiling exosomal miRNAs derived from cancer cells, but also exhibited at least 31-fold and 61-fold enhancement in the limits of miRNA-375 and miRNA-21 detection, respectively. The TRAP approach is ideal for exosomal or circulating miRNA biomarker quantification, where the miRNAs are present in low concentrations or sample volume, with potentials for frequent, low-cost, and minimally invasive point-of-care testing.
Laminar analysis of visually evoked activity in the primary visual cortex (2012)

Studying the laminar pattern of neural activity is crucial for understanding the processing of neural signals in the cerebral cortex. We measured neural population activity [multiunit spike activity (MUA) and local field potential, LFP] in Macaque primary visual cortex (V1) in response to drifting grating stimuli. Sustained visually driven MUA was at an approximately constant level across cortical depth in V1. However, sustained, visually driven, local field potential power, which was concentrated in the γ-band (20-60 Hz), was greatest at the cortical depth corresponding to cortico-cortical output layers 2, 3, and 4B. γ-band power also tends to be more sustained in the output layers. Overall, cortico-cortical output layers accounted for 67% of total γ-band activity in V1, whereas 56% of total spikes evoked by drifting gratings were from layers 2, 3, and 4B. The high-resolution layer specificity of γ-band power, the laminar distribution of MUA and γ-band activity, and their dynamics imply that neural activity in V1 is generated by laminar-specific mechanisms. In particular, visual responses of MUA and γ-band activity in cortico-cortical output layers 2, 3, and 4B seem to be strongly influenced by laminar-specific recurrent circuitry and/or feedback.
Performance analysis of coexisting IEEE 802.15.4-based health monitoring WBANs (2012)

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) for health monitoring systems are required to meet stringent performance demands regarding the tradeoff between reliability, latency, and power efficiency. WBANs feature limited range and bandwidth and they are prone to interference. Considering the life-critical nature of some WBAN systems, we present an in-depth investigation of the situations where the dynamic coexistence of multiple WBANs may severely affect their performances. In this paper, we analytically study the effect of coexistence on the operation of WBANs. We present a mathematical analysis to precisely obtain the probabilities of successful communication and validate this analysis through simulation. Our simulation analysis indicates that in the default mode of operation, coexistence of three WBANs can lead to the loss of 20-85% of data transmissions for typical sensor configurations.
A Minimum Parameter Adaptive Approach for Rejecting Multiple Narrow-Band Disturbances With Application to Hard Disk Drives (2011)

Many servo systems are subjected to narrow-band disturbances that generate vibrations at multiple frequencies. One example is the track-following control in a hard disk drive (HDD) system, where the airflow-excited disk and actuator vibrations introduce strong and uncertain spectral peaks to the position error signal. Such narrow-band vibrations differ in each product and can appear at frequencies above the bandwidth of the control system. We present a feedback control scheme that adaptively enhances the servo performance at multiple unknown frequencies, while maintaining the baseline servo loop shape. A minimum parameter model of the disturbance is first introduced, followed by the construction of a novel adaptive multiple narrow-band disturbance observer for selective disturbance cancellation. Evaluation of the proposed algorithm is performed on a simulated HDD benchmark problem.
Mapping Actor-Oriented Models to TLM Architectures (2007)

Actor-oriented modeling approaches are convenient for implementing functional models of embedded systems. Architectural models for heterogeneous system-on-chip architectures, however, are usually implemented using transaction level modeling (TLM). Even though both modeling paradigms, actor-oriented design and TLM, can conveniently be implemented using a common language such as SystemC, a methodology to smoothly integrate both approaches is still missing. In order to benefit from the best of both worlds, i.e., analyzability of actor-oriented models as well as fast simulation and synthesis from TLM, a combination of these two methodologies could be the next step towards electronic system level design. In this paper, we propose a systematic approach for mapping actor-oriented models onto complex TLM architectures. In particular, we will show how to map synchronization and data transport between actors to TLM 2.0 compliant bus protocols. The key contribution of this paper lies in our proposed methodology, which requires only a few additional lines of source code to map actor communication in actor-oriented SystemC models to TLM architectures and does not demand any reimplementation of the actors.
2311 Optimal Design Method of Dielectric Metamaterials using the Level Set-based Topology Optimization (2011)

This paper proposes a level set-based topology optimization method for the design of negative permeability dielectric metamaterials. Electromagnetic metamaterials are artificial materials with extraordinary physical properties such as a materials with negative refractive index, that is, negative permittivity and permeability. Because the presence of grayscale areas in the optimal configurations affects the performance of metamaterials, a topology optimization method in which a black-and white optimal configurations are obtained is desirable. In this paper, first, the level set-based topology optimization method for the design of dielectric metamaterials is explained. The optimization problem for minimizing the effective permeability dielectric metamaterials and the optimization problem for finding the optimal layout which shows the prescribed effective permeability are then formulated. Finally, several numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the utility and validity of the proposed method.
Thymidine salvage to reflect tumor cell proliferation: Implications for 18F-FLT PET as a biomarker in oncology (2010)

446 Objectives The PET tracer 3’-deoxy-3’[18F]-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) potentially serves as a biomarker of proliferation by reporting utilization of thymidine salvage via thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) activity. 18F-FLT PET has shown promise in some clinical trials, yet it remains unclear what molecular processes affect TK1 regulation in cancer and thus 18F-FLT uptake in tumors. Therefore, we designed preclinical studies to explore the relationship between 18F-FLT PET imaging, cellular TK1 levels, and established metrics of proliferation in mouse models of human cancer. Methods Tumor xenografts were generated in nude mice from human colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT-116, HCT-116p21-/-, Lim2405, DiFi). 18F-FLT PET images were acquired in prognostic and therapeutic settings focusing primarily on EGFR inhibition. Tumors were harvested for molecular analysis, including Western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Correlations were noted between tumor 18F-FLT uptake and TK1 levels at cellular, proteomic and genomic scales and compared to IHC. Molecular regulation of TK1 during EGFR targeted therapies was explored in DiFi cells and xenograft tumors. Results Tumor uptake of 18F-FLT agreed well with TK1 protein levels. 18F-FLT PET and TK1 levels exhibited variable agreement with Ki67. Treatment of DiFi cells and xenografts with mAb-C225 showed that transcriptional and translational regulation of TK1 were required to reduce 18F-FLT uptake. Despite clinical response to mAb-C225 in vivo at all dosages evaluated, DiFi cells could escape translational regulation of TK1 through an mTOR-driven, cap-dependant mechanism resulting in failure of 18F-FLT PET to signal decreased tumor proliferation at lower dosages. Conclusions Molecular determinants affecting TK1 regulation and 18F-FLT PET are poorly understood across tumor types and therapeutic settings. Further basic validation studies may inform the correct clinical utilization and interpretation of 18F-FLT PET in oncology
Design of Rate-Compatible Irregular LDPC Codes for Incremental Redundancy Hybrid ARQ Systems (2006)

We present a new class of irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes for finite block length (up to a few thousand symbols). The proposed codes are efficiently encodable and have a simple rate-compatible puncturing structure which is suitable for incremental redundancy hybrid automatic repeat request (IR-HARQ) systems. The codes outperform optimized irregular LDPC codes and (extended) irregular repeat-accumulate codes for rates 0.67-0.94, and are particularly good at high puncturing rates where good puncturing performance has been previously difficult to achieve. These characteristics result in good throughput performance over time-varying channels in IR-HARQ systems
Supplemental Table from <i>MDM2</i> Derived from Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma Extracellular Vesicles Induces MMP2 Production from Preadipocytes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Tables are: ST1: Detailed information about DDLPS patients; ST2: Detailed information about healthy control; ST3: MDM2 primer sequences; ST4: DDLPS patients information; ST5: Healthy control clinical information; ST6: RT-PCR quality control on isolated EVs; ST7: Cell cycle distribution analysis regarding P-a incubated with Lipo246-EVs; ST8: Additional DDLPS patients information; ST9: Additional healthy control clinical information.&lt;/p&gt;
Mesures des hétérogénéités de déformation du tantale déformé à froid et conséquences sur la recristallisation (2010)

La recristallisation statique du tantale est fortement dependante de la microstructure engendree lors de la mise en forme. Des echantillons presentant de faibles taux de deformation ont ete obtenus par des essais mecaniques simples de torsion et de compression. Leur observation par microscopie electronique a balayage ainsi que la realisation de cartographies d'orientation par EBSD, associees a des traitements thermiques in situ, ont permis de montrer qu'un grain avec un facteur de Taylor eleve recristallisait plus vite. Par ailleurs, une methode « globale » d'evaluation de la densite de dislocations a partir de mesures de durete a ete mise en place. Elle permet d'estimer l'energie stockee par le materiau lors de sa deformation, energie qui peut ensuite etre reliee au declenchement de la recristallisation. Cette approche est particulierement interessante pour des echantillons deformes severement suivant un chemin de deformation complexe, pour lesquels le calcul des facteurs de Taylor a partir d'une microstructure deformee revet moins de sens.