gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive profile of circulating RNAs in human serum (2017)

Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules have fundamental roles in cells and many are also stable in body fluids as extracellular RNAs. In this study, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate the profile of small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) in human serum. We analyzed 10 billion Illumina reads from 477 serum samples, included in the Norwegian population-based Janus Serum Bank (JSB). We found that the core serum RNA repertoire includes 258 micro RNAs (miRNA), 441 piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNA), 411 transfer RNAs (tRNA), 24 small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA), 125 small nuclear RNAs (snRNA) and 123 miscellaneous RNAs (misc-RNA). We also investigated biological and technical variation in expression, and the results suggest that many RNA molecules identified in serum contain signs of biological variation. They are therefore unlikely to be random degradation by-products. In addition, the presence of specific fragments of tRNA, snoRNA, Vault RNA and Y_RNA indicates protection from degradation. Our results suggest that many circulating RNAs in serum can be potential biomarkers.
Si/Ge Avalanche Photodiode Based Electrical Comb Generator for Photonic Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Wireless Communication with Very-High Data Rate (2012)

We demonstrate novel Si/Ge avalanche photodiodes based electrical comb-line generators, which can directly generate ultra-wideband (10 GHz) comb-lines and short-pulse. By using this device, 1.5Gbps error-free ultra-wideband short-pulse photonic wireless-linking have been successfully achieved.
Self-enhancement of LiNbO3 holograms (1973)

Self-enhancement (an increase in diffraction efficiency upon readout with a single laser beam) is reported for iron-doped LiNbO3 holograms which have not been ``fixed'' (crystal heated to 100°C during or after recording). The rate of change for self-enhancement was observed to be equal to and opposite in sign with the rate of erasure observed in the same crystal at the symmetrical Bragg angle.
A Countermeasur to Resist Block Replacement Attacks (2005)

Security issues have almost been ignored during the first decade of digital watermarking. As a result, many released watermarking algorithms are weak against hostile intelligence. For instance, block replacement attacks defeat watermarking systems which do not consider the self-similarities of the host signal during embedding. Such attacks replace each signal block with another one, or a combination of other ones, taken at a different location. In this paper, a novel strategy will be presented to generate a signal coherent watermark to achieve immunity against block replacement attacks. The basic idea consists in imposing a linear relationship between watermark samples embedded at different locations, with respect to their local neighborhoods which are characterized with Gabor features.
Duplicated quartz template for 2.5 inch discrete track media (2009)

The Nano Imprint Lithography (NIL) process has been proposed as a method of making Discrete Track Media (DTM) for the next generation hard disc. The UV-NIL process is especially practical because of its minimal thermal expansion and high manufacturing throughput. Quartz template fabrication is a key issue in UV-NIL. Duplication from a Si master using NIL was studied as a method of such quartz template fabrication. In this method, the UV light radiated through the quartz substrate to reach the resist. This method avoids typically used Cr (and other hard masks) on the quartz substrate, eliminating the problem of low throughput caused by low transmission efficiency of the hard mask. The success of this method therefore depends crucially on the etching selectivity of quartz to NIL resist used as the resist mask. Using a newly developed NIL resist with high etching selectivity and duplicating by a "hard mask-less" method, a 125nm track pitch (TP), 2.5 inch full-surface quartz template with uniform pattern height was fabricated. A 75nm TP quartz template of 60nm pattern height was also fabricated using this method.
Fermentative Upgrading of Xylose (2009)

Chemical pulp mills such as Kraft, soda, or sulfite mills are current examples of biorefineries that can convert lignocellulosic biomass into energy, pulp or cellulose derivatives, and tall oil. While existing viscose pulps use a hemicellulose extraction to generate soluble sugars for ethanol production, in general there still exists a large potential for other more profitable applications of the biomass (Fig. 1), i.e. the mill needs to present a widespread product portfolio. The biofuels under development from fermentation that will be discussed are the diesel fuel oxygenates dibutyl succinate and diethyl succinate to be used for reduced particulate emissions and fossil fuel replacement for diesel engines and butanol for Otto engines. It's important to stress that succinic acid, butanol and ethanol, needed for the production of the diesel additives and gasoline replacement will be produced from renewable resources and hence replacing products currently produced from non-renewable fossil sources. Since wood will be used, there will be no issue of competing with raw material used for food production. Besides biofuel production, succinic acid and butanol, can be used directly or further refined into numerous different products classified as green chemicals.
Efficient modeling of Bragg coherent x-ray nanobeam diffraction (2015)

X-ray Bragg diffraction experiments that utilize tightly focused coherent beams produce complicated Bragg diffraction patterns that depend on scattering geometry, characteristics of the sample, and properties of the x-ray focusing optic. Here, we use a Fourier-transform-based method of modeling the 2D intensity distribution of a Bragg peak and apply it to the case of thin films illuminated with a Fresnel zone plate in three different Bragg scattering geometries. The calculations agree well with experimental coherent diffraction patterns, demonstrating that nanodiffraction patterns can be modeled at nonsymmetric Bragg conditions with this approach--a capability critical for advancing nanofocused x-ray diffraction microscopy.
SOD2 deficiency in cardiomyocytes defines defective mitochondrial bioenergetics as a cause of lethal dilated cardiomyopathy (2020)

Electrophilic aldehyde (4-hydroxynonenal; 4-HNE), formed after lipid peroxidation, is a mediator of mitochondrial dysfunction and implicated in both the pathogenesis and the progression of cardiovascular disease. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a nuclear-encoded antioxidant enzyme, catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup>) in mitochondria. To study the role of MnSOD in the myocardium, we generated a cardiomyocyte-specific SOD2 (SOD2Δ) deficient mouse strain. Unlike global SOD2 knockout mice, SOD2Δ mice reached adolescence; however, they die at ~4 months of age due to heart failure. Ultrastructural analysis of SOD2Δ hearts revealed altered mitochondrial architecture, with prominent disruption of the cristae and vacuole formation. Noninvasive echocardiographic measurements in SOD2<sup>Δ</sup> mice showed dilated cardiomyopathic features such as decreased ejection fraction and fractional shortening along with increased left ventricular internal diameter. An increased incidence of ventricular tachycardia was observed during electrophysiological studies of the heart in SOD2Δ mice. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) measurement using a Seahorse XF analyzer in SOD2Δ neonatal cardiomyocytes and adult cardiac mitochondria displayed reduced O<sub>2</sub> consumption, particularly during basal conditions and after the addition of FCCP (H<sup>+</sup> ionophore/uncoupler), compared to that in SOD2fl hearts. Measurement of extracellular acidification (ECAR) to examine glycolysis in these cells showed a pattern precisely opposite that of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) among SOD2Δ mice compared to their SOD2<sup>fl</sup> littermates. Analysis of the activity of the electron transport chain complex identified a reduction in Complex I and Complex V activity in SOD2Δ compared to SOD2fl mice. We demonstrated that a deficiency of SOD2 increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to subsequent overproduction of 4-HNE inside mitochondria. Mechanistically, proteins in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex and TCA cycle (NDUFS2, SDHA, ATP5B, and DLD) were the target of 4-HNE adduction in SOD2Δ hearts. Our findings suggest that the SOD2 mediated 4-HNE signaling nexus may play an important role in cardiomyopathy.
Combinatorial Libraries of Metal–Ligand Assemblies with an Encapsulated Guest Molecule (2001)

The combination of two different biscatecholate ligands with GaIII ions gives rise to twelve different assemblies (shown schematically), which are all simultaneously present in solution. These were characterized by ESI-FTICR mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Even larger libraries are obtained by using an increasing number of components.
Concentration Kinetics of Propranolol, Bisoprolol, and Atenolol in Humans Assessed with Chemical Detection and a Subtype-Selective β-Adrenoceptor Assay (1985)

After oral administration of single doses of 240 mg of (+/-)propranolol (prop), 200 mg of (+/-)-atenolol (aten), and 100 mg of (+/-)-bisoprolol (biso) to six healthy male volunteers, the plasma concentration time profile was investigated. To measure total plasma concentrations of the parent racemic mixture of drug administered, a HPLC-assay of drug concentrations was used. To detect active metabolites and stereoselective pharmacokinetics of the racemates, plasma concentrations were also monitored by means of a subtype-selective receptor assay, using a beta 1-adrenoceptor preparation from rat salivary glands. It is shown that relevant amounts of active metabolites do not become apparent for either of the three drugs investigated. Furthermore, for neither of them can significant stereoselective elimination characteristics be seen. Monophasic elimination characteristics with t1/2 of 4.8 +/- 0.42 (prop), 6.87 +/- 0.46 (aten), and 9.19 +/- 0.38 h (biso) become apparent. The maximum concentrations observed after administration of the doses mentioned previously were 220 +/- 71 (prop), 904 +/- 104 (aten), and 445 +/- 32 (biso) (ng/ml plasma). One can conclude from comparison with the results from receptor-binding studies that the 100 mg dose of biso is five- to seven-fold more potent than the 200 mg dose of aten, with respect to antagonism versus beta 1-adrenoceptor-mediated effects.
Poly(aryl ether-benzoxazoles) (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(aryl ether-benzoxazoles)J. G. Hilborn, J. W. Labadie, and James L. HedrickCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 11, 2854–2861Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00213a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00213a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views483Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Visual word based location recognition in 3D models using distance augmented weighting (2008)

For visual word based location recognition in 3D models we propose a novel distance-weighted scoring scheme. Matching visual words are not treated as perfect matches anymore but are weighted with the distance of the original SIFT feature vectors before quantization. To maintain the scalability and efficiency of vocabulary tree based approaches PCA compressed SIFT feature vectors are used instead of the original SIFT features. A different eigenspace is computed for each vocabulary tree cell to benefit from the variance reduction as result of the partitioned SIFT feature space. Experiments show a significant improvement in retrieval quality by incorporating the distance with small costs in computational time and memory. 1
RC-SCR: a novel low-voltage ESD protection circuit with new triggering mechanism (2003)

Several techniques exist to realize low triggering of SCR (Si-controlled rectifier) ESD (electrostatic discharging) protection structures in CMOS technologies. This paper reports a novel RC-SCR (RC-coupled SCR) ESD protection circuit using a new RC-coupling-based triggering mechanism to further reduce triggering voltage. Implementation in a commercial 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS process results in a very low triggering of 7V, representing a 28% further reduction from existing low-triggering-voltage SCR ESD protection designs.
A Single Administration of the Atypical Psychedelic Ibogaine or its Metabolite Noribogaine Induces an Antidepressant-like Effect in Rats (2020)

Anecdotal reports and open label case studies in humans indicated that the psychedelic alkaloid ibogaine exert profound anti-addictive effects. Ample preclinical evidence demonstrated the efficacy of ibogaine, and its main metabolite noribogaine, in substance use disorder rodent models. In contrast to addiction research, depression-relevant effects of ibogaine or noribogaine in rodents have not been previously examined. We have recently reported that the acute ibogaine administration induced a long-term increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA levels in the rat prefrontal cortex, which led us to hypothesize that ibogaine may elicit antidepressant-like effects in rats. Accordingly, we characterized behavioral effects (dose and time-dependence) induced by the acute ibogaine and noribogaine (20 and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) administration in rats using the forced swim test (FST). We also examined the correlation between plasma and brain concentrations of ibogaine and noribogaine and the elicited behavioral response. We found that ibogaine and noribogaine induced a dose- and time-dependent antidepressant-like effect without significant changes of animal locomotor activity. Noribogaine’s FST effect was short lived (30 minutes) and correlated with high brain concentrations (estimated > 8 mM of free drug), while the ibogaine’s antidepressant-like effect was significant at 3 hours. At this time point, both ibogaine and noribogaine were present in rat brain, at concentrations which cannot produce the same behavioral outcome on their own (ibogaine ~ 0.5 mM, noribogaine ~ 2.4 mM). Our data suggest a polypharmacological mechanism underpinning the antidepressant-like effects of ibogaine and noribogaine.
A combinatorial chemistry approach to the investigation of cerium oxide and plutonium oxide reactions with small molecules (2000)

We are currently investigating the potential chemistry of the 3013 Standard waste storage containers. These containers are filled with waste that is a mixture of inorganic salts and plutonium oxide that has been calcined to remove water and other volatiles. There has been concern about possible pressure buildup due to the formation of hydrogen or other gases. We are utilizing a combinatorial chemistry approach to investigate a range of possible reactions that may occur in the containers with various concentrations of metal oxides and inorganic salts.
Strong Anti-Stokes Luminescence from Colloidal LiY1-xYbxF4 Nanoparticles (2022)

We have synthesized colloidal LiY <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> Yb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> nanoparticles using a co-precipitation approach. Comprehensive structural characterization confirmed their actual composition was very close to the targeted composition, as determined by relative amounts of Y and Yb precursors. Strong anti-Stokes luminescence makes these nanoparticles attractive for laser-cooling applications.
The final step in the biosynthesis of hydrogenobyrinic acid is catalyzed by the cobH gene product with precorrin-8x as the substrate (1992)

The final enzymatic reaction in the conversion of precorrin-6x to hydrogenobyrinic acid by cell-free protein preparations from Pseudomonas denitrificans was shown to be inhibited by hydrogenobyrinic acid. Use was made of this property to prepare the last biosynthetic precursor of hydrogenobyrinic acid, named precorrin-8x. Double-labeling experiments, mass spectrometry, and UV-visible light spectroscopy studies established that precorrin-8x was at the oxidation level of a corrin and differed from precorrin-6x by two additional methyl groups (presumably at C-5 and C-15) and decarboxylation of the acetic acid side chain at C-12. Precorrin-8x was not a corrin but had the same mass as hydrogenobyrinic acid, thus showing that this latter compound is synthesized from the former by a rearrangement. The enzyme catalyzing this rearrangement was purified 80-fold to homogeneity from a recombinant strain of P. denitrificans, sequenced at its N terminus, and shown to be encoded by the cobH gene. It was identical to the previously described hydrogenobyrinic acid-binding protein (F. Blanche, D. Thibaut, D. Frechet, M. Vuilhorgne, J. Crouzet, B. Cameron, G. Müller, K. Hlineny, U. Traub-Eberhard, and M. Zboron, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 29:884-886, 1990). This enzyme had a Km of 0.91 +/- 0.04 microM and a Vmax of 230 nmol h-1 mg-1 at pH 7.7 and was competitively inhibited by hydrogenobyrinic acid with a Ki of 0.17 +/- 0.01 microM. It is proposed that the cobH gene product is a mutase which transfers the methyl group from C-11 to C-12.
Behaviors of Fe, Zn, and Ga Substitution in CuInS2 Nanoparticles Probed with Anomalous X-ray Diffraction (2013)

We synthesized CuInS2 nanoparticles containing up to 20% Fe, Zn, and Ga to study alloying in photovoltaic absorber materials with anomalous X-ray diffraction. The colloidal synthesis allowed for detailed analysis of complex quaternary compounds. Anomalous X-ray diffraction (AXRD) was used to clarify the elemental distribution between phases. Additionally, optical spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to probe the band gap and crystal phase, respectively. Substitution of Zn into wurtzite CuInS2 produced a controllable increase in the optical band gap, whereas Ga did not substitute into wurtzite CuInS2, producing no band gap change. Secondary phase precipitation of a chalcopyrite phase was observed with Fe substitution, along with a decrease of the optical band gap. This work demonstrates progress in compositional and structural analysis of quaternary chalcogenide materials using AXRD.
Enkephalins in the Rat Pituitary Gland: Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Observations (1987)

The immunohistochemical distribution of opioid peptides derived from proenkephalin A in the rat pituitary was studied by indirect immunofluorescence; immunoreactive peptides were also characterized by column chromatography followed by specific RIAs. Nerve terminals in the neural lobe were immunoreactive (ir) for Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe (YGGFMRF), Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Gly-Leu (YGGFMRGL), and met-enkephalin [Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met (YGGFM)]. All cells in the intermediate lobe were ir for YGGFMRF, while only occasional cells exhibited YGGFMRGL-like immunoreactivity, and YGGFM-ir cells were not detected in this lobe. In the anterior lobe, some large ovoid cells, identified as gonadotrophs, were immunoreactive for enkephalins. The number of YGGFMRF-ir cells was larger than the number of YGGFMRGL- and YGGFM-ir cells, and these opioid peptides were present in cells that did not contain beta-endorphin immunoreactivity. Twenty times more YGGFMRF than YGGFMRGL-immunoreactivity was present in the anterior lobe, whereas the neurointermediate lobe obtained 4 times more ir YGGFMRF than YGGFMRGL. Pituitary lobe extracts contained substantial amounts of high mol wt forms of ir YGGFMRF and YGGFMRGL, but not of YGGFM or Leu-enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu). Low mol wt ir peptides present in both lobes consisted largely of the authentic peptides when analyzed by HPLC; however, an unidentified YGGFMRF-ir peptide was also detected. The results indicate that the proenkephalin A molecule may be processed differentially in the various compartments of the pituitary gland and that opioid peptides derived from this precursor may have functional roles in all three lobes. The relatively large amount of YGGFMRF immunoreactivity, which was detected both biochemically and immunohistochemically, indicates that YGGFMRF-ir peptides may be important proenkephalin A-derived products in the pituitary gland.
Botulinum toxin a in the treatment of neurogenic and idiopathic urinary incontinence. (2007)

Anticholinergic therapy has long been considered the “gold standard” for treating urinary incontinence (UI) of both neurogenic and idiopathic origins. However, for those who fail this conservative measure for lack of efficacy or intolerable side effects, second-line treatments such as intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) have been studied. Initial studies have shown BoNTA to be of benefit clinically, as demonstrated by improvement in incontinence urodynamically as well as by quality-of-life (QOL) assessment.

A definitive explanation of how BoNTA exerts its effect on the overactive bladder is still unavailable. It does cause a reversible chemodenervation by inhibition of neuronal acetylcholine secretion but seems to have a different mechanism of action in smooth muscle than in skeletal muscle. Clinical data suggest that there are similar responses to BoNTA for patients with neurogenic and idiopathic causes of UI. However, more studies are needed to further delineate the optimal treatment regimen for both patient populations.