gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis in the Pancreatic Cancer Tumor Microenvironment—The Double-Edged Sword of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (2021)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with poor prognosis. This is attributed to the disease already being advanced at presentation and having a particularly aggressive tumor biology. The PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by a dense desmoplastic stroma, dominated by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), extracellular matrix (ECM) and immune cells displaying immunosuppressive phenotypes. Due to the advanced stage at diagnosis, the depletion of immune effector cells and lack of actionable genomic targets, the standard treatment is still apoptosis-inducing regimens such as chemotherapy. Paradoxically, it has emerged that the direct induction of apoptosis of cancer cells may fuel oncogenic processes in the TME, including education of CAF and immune cells towards pro-tumorigenic phenotypes. The direct effect of cytotoxic therapies on CAF may also enhance tumorigenesis. With the awareness that CAF are the predominant cell type in PDAC driving tumorigenesis with various tumor supportive functions, efforts have been made to try to target them. However, efforts to target CAF have, to date, shown disappointing results in clinical trials. With the help of sophisticated single cell analyses it is now appreciated that CAF in PDAC are a heterogenous population with both tumor supportive and tumor suppressive functions. Hence, there remains a debate whether targeting CAF in PDAC is a valid therapeutic strategy. In this review we discuss how cytotoxic therapies and the induction of apoptosis in PDAC fuels oncogenesis by the education of surrounding stromal cells, with a particular focus on the potential pro-tumorigenic outcomes arising from targeting CAF. In addition, we explore therapeutic avenues to potentially avoid the oncogenic effects of apoptosis in PDAC CAF.
Characterization of lymphocyte populations by flow cytometry in a calf with sporadic juvenile lymphoma (2004)

A 2-month-old Angus heifer was presented to Washington State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for generalized peripheral lymphadenopathy and mild anorexia. Results of a CBC revealed marked lymphocytosis consisting primarily of large, atypical lymphocytes with cleaved, reniform nuclei. A presumptive diagnosis of sporadic juvenile lymphoma was made. To confirm these findings, a prescapular lymph node was submitted for histopathology, immunochemistry, and flow cytometric analysis. Peripheral blood also was analyzed by flow cytometry. Phenotypic characterization of lymph node and peripheral blood cell populations verified the calf had the B-cell form of sporadic juvenile lymphoma. The results of this investigation expand the phenotypic characterization of neoplastic lymphocytes in sporadic juvenile lymphoma.
Core Topics in Transesophageal Echocardiography (2010)

Core Topics in Transesophageal Echocardiography is a highly illustrated, full color, comprehensive clinical text reviewing all aspects of TEE. The text has been written particularly for those who are seeking accreditation in TEE. Section 1 includes chapters on first principles including cardiovascular anatomy, safety issues, indications and contraindications for use, US technology and physics and the details of image acquisition and interpretation in a variety of routine pathologies. Section 2 chapters discuss the use of TEE in a variety of more demanding clinical conditions including valve disease, complex ischaemic heart disease, the use of TEE in critical care and emergency settings, new echocardiography technologies, and TEE reporting. An outstanding free companion website (www.cambridge.org/feneck) contains numerous TEE video clips showing both normal and pathological states. Written by leading TEE experts from EACTA and EAE, this is an invaluable practical resource for all clinicians involved in the care of cardiac patients.
Lattice Reduction Aided Detection with Reduced Complexity for Time-Correlated MIMO Channel (2007)

In this paper, lattice reduction (LR) aided detection with reduced complexity is developed for the detection of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems in time- correlated channel. The proposed scheme computes the LLL-reduced channel matrix at the present time by using the present channel matrix multiplied with the unimodular transformation matrix of the previous symbol time as the initial value of LLL reduction algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve the same performance with significantly reduced complexity. Implementation of the proposed scheme with fixed number of iteration for limited complexity in practical system provides the almost same performance as conventional scheme.
Can TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers Be Used as Additives in Bio-Based Building Materials? A Preliminary Study on Earth Plasters (2022)

Interest towards cellulose nanofibers obtained from virgin and waste sources has seen a significant growth, mainly thanks to the increasing sensitivity towards the concept of circular economy and the high levels of paper recycling achieved in recent years. Inspired by the guidelines of the green building industry, this study proposes the production and characterization of TEMPO-oxidized and homogenized cellulose nanofibers (TOHO CNF) from different sources and their use as additives for earth plasters on two different raw earth samples, characterized by geotechnical laboratory tests and mineralogical analysis: a high-plasticity clay (T2) and a medium-compressibility silt (ABS). Original sources, including those derived from waste (recycled cardboard and paper mill sludge), were characterized by determining chemical content (cellulose versus ashes and lignin) and fiber morphology. TOHO CNF derived from the different sources were compared in terms of nanofibers medium diameter, crystallinity degree, thermal decomposition and oxidation degree, that is the content of carboxylic groups per gram of sample. Then, a preliminary analysis of the influence of CNF on earth plasters is examined. Adhesion and capillary absorption tests highlighted the effect of such nanofibers on blends in function of two factors, namely the cellulose original source and the oxidation degree of the fibers. In particular, for both earth samples, T2 and ABS, a significant increase in adhesion strength was observed in the presence of some TOHO CNF additives. As far as capillary sorption tests, while an undesired increase in water adsorption was detected for T2 compared to the control, in the case of ABS, a significant reduction in water content was measured by adding TOHO CNF derived from recycled sources. These results pave the way for further in-depth investigation on the role of TOHO CNF as additives for earth plasters.
Migraine Surgery (2019)

This article is a practical and technical guide for plastic surgeons interested in or practicing migraine surgery. It discusses the goals of migraine surgery including selection of appropriate candidates (screening form contained), pertinent anatomy, and surgical techniques with text summary, intraoperative photographs, and videos. In addition, pearls and pitfalls, the most common complications, and current procedural terminology (CPT) coding are detailed.
Anti-AIDS Agents. 52. Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activity of Hydroxymethyl (3‘R,4‘R)-3‘,4‘-Di-O-(S)-camphanoyl-(+)-cis-khellactone Derivatives (2003)

To enhance the water solubility and oral bioavailability of DCK analogues, 12 new mono- and disubstituted (3'R,4'R)-3',4'-di-O-(S)-camphanoyl-(+)-cis-khellactone (DCK) analogues were synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of HIV-1 replication in H9 lymphocytes. 3-Hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-DCK (4c) exhibited significant anti-HIV activity in H9 lymphocytes and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells with EC(50) values of 0.004 and 0.024 microM, respectively. Although this compound was not as potent as 4-methyl-DCK (2) and 3-bromomethyl-4-methyl-DCK (4a), it provides increased water solubility and possible linkage to other moieties. Of particular note, 4c exhibits moderate oral bioavailability (15%) when administered as a carboxymethylcellulose suspension to rats, whereas 2 is not orally bioavailable in the same formulation. Further studies on mechanism of action suggest that 4c inhibits the production of double-stranded viral DNA from the single-stranded DNA intermediate. In addition, 4a is the most potent compound in this series of new analogues, with EC(50) and TI values of 0.00011 microM and 189,600, respectively. Thus, further modification at the 3-position of the coumarin ring can improve the potency of new DCK analogues.
Accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in confirming eligibility for active surveillance for men with prostate cancer (2013)

As clinicians counsel patients with PCa, MP-MRI may contribute to the decision-making process when considering AS. Three MRI-based factors (number of lesions, lesion suspicion, and lesion density) were associated with confirmatory biopsy outcome and reclassification. A nomogram using these factors has promising predictive accuracy for which future validation is necessary. Cancer 2013;119:3359-66. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Biomechanical Stability of Single-screw Versus Two-screw Fixation of an Unstable Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Model (2006)

These data support the use of a 2 screw construct in acute/unstable SCFE fixation. The biomechanical benefit of 2 screws needs to be considered in the face of greater potential for inadvertent penetration into the joint with an increased number of screws.
ChemInform Abstract: STERIC AND POLAR EFFECTS IN FREE‐RADICAL REACTIONS. AN UNUSUAL TYPE OF AZO COUPLING BY FREE RADICAL DECOMPOSITION OF DIAZONIUM SALTS (1980)

Abstract Bei der Behandlung mit Diazoniumsalzen (II) in Gegenwart von Ti(III) als Reduktionsmittel erhält man aus 4‐Methyl‐3‐penten‐2‐on (I) unter doppelter Reaktion die arylierten Azoverbindungen (III) neben N 2 und Ti(IV).
Trypanosoma brucei infection protects mice against malaria (2019)

Sleeping sickness and malaria are parasitic diseases with overlapping geographical distributions in sub-Saharan Africa. We hypothesized that the immune response elicited by an infection with Trypanosoma brucei, the etiological agent of sleeping sickness, would inhibit a subsequent infection by Plasmodium, the malaria parasite, decreasing the severity of its associated pathology. To investigate this, we established a new co-infection model in which mice were initially infected with T. brucei, followed by administration of P. berghei sporozoites. We observed that a primary infection by T. brucei significantly attenuates a subsequent infection by the malaria parasite, protecting mice from experimental cerebral malaria and prolonging host survival. We further observed that an ongoing T. brucei infection leads to an accumulation of lymphocyte-derived IFN-γ in the liver, limiting the establishment of a subsequent hepatic infection by P. berghei sporozoites. Thus, we identified a novel host-mediated interaction between two parasitic infections, which may be epidemiologically relevant in regions of Trypanosoma/Plasmodium co-endemicity.
Heterologous Catalysis of the Final Steps of Tetracycline Biosynthesis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2021)

Developing treatments for antibiotic resistant bacterial infections is among the highest priority public health challenges worldwide. Tetracyclines, one of the most important classes of antibiotics, have fallen prey to antibiotic resistance, necessitating the generation of new analogs. Many tetracycline analogs have been accessed through both total synthesis and semisynthesis, but key C-ring tetracycline analogs remain inaccessible. New methods are needed to unlock access to these analogs, and heterologous biosynthesis in a tractable host such as <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> is a candidate method. C-ring analog biosynthesis can mimic nature's biosynthesis of tetracyclines from anhydrotetracyclines, but challenges exist, including the absence of the unique cofactor F<sub>420</sub> in common heterologous hosts. Toward this goal, this paper describes the biosynthesis of tetracycline from anhydrotetracycline in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> heterologously expressing three enzymes from three bacterial hosts: the anhydrotetracycline hydroxylase OxyS, the dehydrotetracycline reductase CtcM, and the F<sub>420</sub> reductase FNO. This biosynthesis of tetracycline is enabled by OxyS performing just one hydroxylation step in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> despite its previous characterization as a double hydroxylase. This single hydroxylation enabled us to purify and structurally characterize a hypothetical intermediate in oxytetracycline biosynthesis that can explain structural differences between oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline. We show that F<sub>o</sub>, a synthetically accessible derivative of cofactor F<sub>420</sub>, can replace F<sub>420</sub> in tetracycline biosynthesis. Critically, the use of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> for the final steps of tetracycline biosynthesis described herein sets the stage to achieve a total biosynthesis of tetracycline as well as novel tetracycline analogs in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> with the potential to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Performance Spectra-Based Methodology for the Implementation of Supplemental Dampers in Buildings Subjected to Earthquakes (2014)

An overview of the performance spectra method is first provided. Using this method, a 3-story, special moment-resisting frame is then retrofitted with four different types of supplemental dampers to meet two different performance targets. The results of the nonlinear time-history analyses show that the trial damping designs obtained by the method were close to the initial performance targets without any design iterations. The performance spectra can underestimate the reduction in base shear due to higher mode effects. However, this can be corrected using the supplemental damping properties computed from the method. This design example demonstrates the effectiveness of the performance spectra procedure for producing trial performance-based designs using different types of supplemental damping devices.
Catalytic Decomposition of N2O on Supported Rh Catalysts. The Oxygen Coverage Dependence on the Activity and the Mechanism of O2 Desorption. (2001)

N2O decomposition on supported Rh catalysts (Rh/USY, Rh/SiO2, Rh/Al2O3) has been carried out to study the oxygen coverage (θo) dependence on the activity and to study the mechanism of O2 desorption using an isotopic tracer technique. The decomposition activity for all the Rh catalysts went down to the minimum (formation of only N2), but increased with increasing the coverage, and finally a high activity with steady-state O2 production was attained at high θo. In the isotope study, N216O was pulsed onto 18O/oxidized Rh catalyst at a low temperature (220oC), and desorbed O2 molecules were monitored by means of mass spectrometry. The 18O fraction in the desorbed oxygen had almost the same value as that on the surface oxygen. The result shows that the O2 desorption does not proceed via the Eley-Rideal mechanism, but via the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, i.e., the desorption of dioxygen through the recombination of adsorbed oxygen. On the other hand, O2-TPD measurement in He showed that desorption of oxygen from the Rh catalyst occurred at much higher temperatures (> 500oC). Therefore, it was proposed that reaction-assisted desorption of O2 takes place during N2O decomposition at the low temperature (220oC).
A Monte Carlo Simulation for Tolerancing Microbeam Free Space Optical Interconnects (1999)

Free Space Optical Interconnects (FSOI's) have been shown to have advantages over electrical interconnects in terms of speed, energy and density for global links.1,2,3. A major class of FSOI's is the microbeam interconnect, which uses a pair of microlenses to connect the optical transmitter and receiver, as is illustrated in Figure 1.
Detecting and discriminating pyrethroids with chemiresistor sensors (2019)

Environmental context Regular insecticide treatments on the interior of aircraft impedes the spread of mosquitos and other pests internationally, but border protection agencies lack effective tools to ensure airlines have complied. We report the first use of chemiresistor sensors to detect and identify insecticide residue on an interior aircraft surface. The method could be developed into a tool that helps lower the risk of vector-borne diseases like malaria entering international ports. Abstract Australia and other island nations are protected from stowaway pest vectors, like mosquitos, by aircraft disinsection – spraying the airplane interior with an insecticide. It is a simple biosecurity measure that can reduce the spread of malaria, Zika and other mosquito-borne diseases. However, checking airline compliance and the efficacy of the insecticide residue is a difficult task for border protection officials, which requires either a live fly bioassay or off-site laboratory testing. Neither of these methods are ideal for the hectic schedules of airlines. As such, we propose using gold nanoparticle chemiresistor sensor arrays, to detect and identify insecticide residue on the interior surface of aircraft. We have shown that hexanethiol functionalised sensors have a limit of detection of 3 parts per billion (ppb) for permethrin in solution and have a broad dynamic range responding to concentrations up to 1000 ppb. The chemical residues of three different insecticide products were lifted off an interior aircraft surface and identified with an array of seven uniquely functionalised sensors. This is the first ever demonstration of gold nanoparticle chemiresistor sensors being used for the analysis of chemical residues. These sensors have the potential to rapidly check the efficacy of insecticide residues on aircraft surfaces.
Low contact resistivity of metal/n-GaN by the reduction of gap states with an epitaxially grown GaOx insulating layer (2022)

We investigated the contact properties of metal/n-GaN and metal/GaOx/n-GaN in terms of Fermi level pinning (FLP) by metal-induced and disorder-induced gap states (MIGS and DIGS). The work function of ten different metals spanned a wide range from 4.2 to 5.7 eV. The measured Schottky barrier height vs metal work function in metal/n-GaN showed the linear relationship with the slope parameter of S = 0.26 ± 0.01 for the doped and the undoped GaN, indicating a strong FLP. The insertion of a GaOx layer increased S to 0.35 corresponding to the decrease of the gap state density by ∼1.1 × 1013 states/(cm2 eV). A contact resistivity of 1.3 × 10−5 Ω cm2 was obtained in Al/GaOx (2.3 nm)/n-GaN (doped with 2 × 1018 cm−3 of Si), which was smaller by nearly three orders than that without the GaOx layer. The insulating property and partially epitaxial structure of GaOx were considered to be responsible for the reduction of the MIGS and DIGS densities, respectively, thereby relaxing FLP and leading to low contact resistivity. Optimization of the GaOx growth parameters may further improve the contact property.
Bridging Hierarchies in Multi-Scale Models of Neural Systems: Look-Up Tables Enable Computationally Efficient Simulations of Non-linear Synaptic Dynamics (2021)

Synapses are critical actors of neuronal transmission as they form the basis of chemical communication between neurons. Accurate computational models of synaptic dynamics may prove important in elucidating emergent properties across hierarchical scales. Yet, in large-scale neuronal network simulations, synapses are often modeled as highly simplified linear exponential functions due to their small computational footprint. However, these models cannot capture the complex non-linear dynamics that biological synapses exhibit and thus, are insufficient in representing synaptic behavior accurately. Existing detailed mechanistic synapse models can replicate these non-linear dynamics by modeling the underlying kinetics of biological synapses, but their high complexity prevents them from being a suitable option in large-scale models due to long simulation times. This motivates the development of more parsimonious models that can capture the complex non-linear dynamics of synapses accurately while maintaining a minimal computational cost. We propose a look-up table approach that stores precomputed values thereby circumventing most computations at runtime and enabling extremely fast simulations for glutamatergic receptors AMPAr and NMDAr. Our results demonstrate that this methodology is capable of replicating the dynamics of biological synapses as accurately as the mechanistic synapse models while offering up to a <b>56-fold increase in speed</b>. This powerful approach allows for multi-scale neuronal networks to be simulated at large scales, enabling the investigation of how low-level synaptic activity may lead to changes in high-level phenomena, such as memory and learning.
Supplementary Figures 1-3 from <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A Activates the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Pathway <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-3 from &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt; Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A Activates the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Pathway &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: A PROTON NMR STUDY OF THE BINDING OF MERCURY(2+) WITH DL‐SELENOMETHIONINE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION (1984)

Abstract Der aus Hg(NO 3 ) 3 und Se‐.Met erhaltene Komplex wird in D30 in Abhängigkeit vom pH‐Wert untersucht.
Diagnosis of electric power apparatus using the decision tree method (2008)

To diagnose the electric power apparatus, the decision tree method can be a highly recommended classification tool because it provides the if-then-rule in visible, and thus we may have a possibility to connect the physical phenomena to the observed signals. The most important point in constructing the diagnosing system is to make clear the relations between the faults and the corresponding signals. Such a database system can be built up in the laboratory using a model electric power apparatus, and we have made it. The next important thing is the feature extraction. We used oslash - V - n patterns and POW patterns for feature variables, and feature extraction is made by the extended moments, usual moments, and the parameters in the underlying distributions such as the generalized normal distribution and the Weibull distribution. By simple arrangements, we will be able to classify the faults and noise with high accuracy such that the misclassification rate is lower than 5%. If we set appropriate pre-processing procedure carefully, we might have a possibility of classification accuracy of less than 2%. Therefore, the decision tree with adequate feature extraction is considered to be a promising method as one of the classification tools.
Controlling Plasmon Line Shapes through Diffractive Coupling in Linear Arrays of Cylindrical Nanoparticles Fabricated by Electron Beam Lithography (2005)

The effect of diffractive coupling on the collective plasmon line shape of linear arrays of Ag nanoparticles fabricated by electron beam lithography has been investigated using Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy. The array spectra exhibit an intricate multi-peak structure, including a narrow mode that gains strength for interparticle distances that are close to the single particle resonance wavelength. A version of the discrete dipole approximation method provides an excellent qualitative description of the observed behavior.