gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of tandem bubble interaction in a microfluidic channel (2011)

The dynamics of tandem bubble interaction in a microfluidic channel (800 × 21 μm, W × H) have been investigated using high-speed photography, with resultant fluid motion characterized by particle imaging velocimetry. A single or tandem bubble is produced reliably via laser absorption by micron-sized gold dots (6 μm in diameter with 40 μm in separation distance) coated on a glass surface of the microfluidic channel. Using two pulsed Nd:YAG lasers at λ = 1064 nm and ∼10 μJ/pulse, the dynamics of tandem bubble interaction (individual maximum bubble diameter of 50 μm with a corresponding collapse time of 5.7 μs) are examined at different phase delays. In close proximity (i.e., interbubble distance = 40 μm or γ = 0.8), the tandem bubbles interact strongly with each other, leading to asymmetric deformation of the bubble walls and jet formation, as well as the production of two pairs of vortices in the surrounding fluid rotating in opposite directions. The direction and speed of the jet (up to 95 m/s), as well as the orientation and strength of the vortices can be varied by adjusting the phase delay.
Regulatory circuitry of TWEAK‐Fn14 system and PGC‐1α in skeletal muscle atrophy program (2013)

Skeletal muscle wasting attributed to inactivity has significant adverse functional consequences. Accumulating evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)-Fn14 system are key regulators of skeletal muscle mass in various catabolic states. While the activation of TWEAK-Fn14 signaling causes muscle wasting, PGC-1α preserves muscle mass in several conditions, including functional denervation and aging. However, it remains unknown whether there is any regulatory interaction between PGC-1α and TWEAK-Fn14 system during muscle atrophy. Here we demonstrate that TWEAK significantly reduces the levels of PGC-1α and mitochondrial content (∼50%) in skeletal muscle. Levels of PGC-1α are significantly increased in skeletal muscle of TWEAK-knockout (KO) and Fn14-KO mice compared to wild-type mice on denervation. Transgenic (Tg) overexpression of PGC-1α inhibited progressive muscle wasting in TWEAK-Tg mice. PGC-1α inhibited the TWEAK-induced activation of NF-κB (∼50%) and dramatically reduced (∼90%) the expression of atrogenes such as MAFbx and MuRF1. Intriguingly, muscle-specific overexpression of PGC-1α also prevented the inducible expression of Fn14 in denervated skeletal muscle. Collectively, our study demonstrates that TWEAK induces muscle atrophy through repressing the levels of PGC-1α. Overexpression of PGC-1α not only blocks the TWEAK-induced atrophy program but also diminishes the expression of Fn14 in denervated skeletal muscle.
Higher-level Composition Control in Music Sketcher: Modifiers and Smart Harmony (1999)

There is a fundamental tension between working with high-level abstractions which often provide intuitive conceptual manipulations but hide details, and working with low-level data which, while quite powerful, can also be quite tedious. To help balance this tension, we have been developing technologies and higher-level abstractions designed to enhance the composer’s ability to create music, focusing on the compositional concepts of shape, structure, and tension-release. This paper discusses our ongoing efforts in this area, as demonstrated in the Music Sketcher program, with particular focus on the Smart Harmony and Modifier technologies.
A Phase I Trial of the VEGF Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Pazopanib in Combination with the MEK Inhibitor Trametinib in Advanced Solid Tumors and Differentiated Thyroid Cancers (2019)

Pazopanib + trametinib was tolerable at full single-agent doses with clinical activity in DTC but did not achieve the prespecified response rate target.
An adaptive magnetically coupled wireless power transmission system (2015)

An adaptive control mechanism to improve the efficiency of magnetically coupled resonators (MCRs) used in wireless power transmission is presented. To minimize the degradation in power transfer efficiency, the proposed system dynamically adjusts the capacitance of MCRs as the distance between the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) coils changes. The control unit operates in a self-sufficient manner through rectifying a portion of the AC signal present on TX and RX coils. A proof-of-concept circuit operating at 13.56 MHz is designed in a 0.13 μm CMOS technology and simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed scheme.
Pooled Analysis Safety Profile of Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Combination Therapy in Patients With Advanced Melanoma (2017)

Purpose The addition of nivolumab (anti–programmed death-1 antibody) to ipilimumab (anti–cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte–associated 4 antibody) in patients with advanced melanoma improves antitumor response and progression-free survival but with a higher frequency of adverse events (AEs). This cross-melanoma study describes the safety profile of the approved nivolumab plus ipilimumab regimen. Methods This retrospective safety review on data from three trials (phase I, II, and III) included patients with advanced melanoma who received at least one dose of nivolumab 1 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks × 4 and then nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity while following established guidelines for AE management. Analyses were of all treatment-related AEs, select (immune-related) AEs, time to onset and resolution, and use of immune-modulating agents and their effects on outcome. Results Among 448 patients, median duration of follow-up was 13.2 months. Treatment-related grade 3/4 AEs occurred in 55.5% of patients; 35.7% had treatment-related AEs that led to discontinuation. The most frequent treatment-related select AEs of any grade were skin (64.3%) and GI (46.7%) and of grade 3/4, hepatic (17.0%) and GI (16.3%); 30.1% developed a grade 2 to 4 select AE in more than one organ category. Median time to onset of grade 3/4 treatment-related select AEs ranged from 3.1 (skin) to 16.3 (renal) weeks, and with the exclusion of endocrine AEs, median time to resolution from onset ranged from 1.9 (renal) to 4.5 (pulmonary) weeks, with resolution rates between 79% and 100% while using immune-modulating agents. Four (&lt; 1%) on-study deaths were attributed to therapy. Conclusion Frequency of grade 3/4 treatment-related AEs was higher with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and occurred earlier than historical experience with either agent alone, but resolution rates were similar.
Hypoxic Conversion of SMAD7 Function from an Inhibitor into a Promoter of Cell Invasion (2010)

Smad7 is an inhibitor of the transforming growth factor-beta-activated signaling pathway. Under well-oxygenated conditions, Smad7 is a potent inhibitor of carcinoma cell invasion. Paradoxically, however, the expression of Smad7 is upregulated across several cancers and may promote cancer progression. Hypoxia, which is frequently met in solid tumors, is an enhancer of carcinoma cell invasion and cancer progression. Here, we report that hypoxia activates the expression of Smad7 in a hypoxia-inducible factor- and von Hippel-Lindau protein-dependent manner. As expected, in normoxia, the forced expression of Smad7 inhibited carcinoma cell invasion. In contrast with the normoxic condition, the inhibitory effect of Smad7 was lost under hypoxia. The block in carcinoma cell invasion by forced expression of Smad7 was released by hypoxia in two invasive carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, the noninvasive HaCaT keratinocytes become invasive upon simultaneous hypoxia and transforming growth factor-beta stimulus. The hypoxia-activated invasion was attenuated by inhibiting Smad7 expression by short interfering RNA. Finally, the increased Smad7 expression in human carcinomas correlated with hypoxic gene expression. The data provide evidence that hypoxia could convert Smad7 function from an invasion inhibitor into an activator of invasion. Furthermore, they might shed light as to why increased Smad7 expression is detected in cancers.
Chirp-Convolved Data Transmission (2020)

We propose a multicarrier chirp waveform, which can be generated by a circular convolution between data modulation symbols and a transmit filter, and show that it can equivalently be represented as discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) with frequency domain chirp filter. The chirp is defined by a complex exponential function where the phase follows a second-degree polynomial and its coefficients can be chosen to maximize the performance on a fading channel and to generate sets of orthogonal signals. The results show that the waveform outperforms OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM in terms of bit error rate (BER) and block error rate (BLER) on a time-frequency selective channel.
On the thermal failure in nanoscale devices: Insight towards heat transport including critical BEOL and design guidelines for robust thermal management &amp; EOS/ESD reliability (2011)

For the first time we have reported thermal failure of FinFET devices related to fin thickness mismatch, under the normal operating condition. Pre and post failure characteristics are investigated. Furthermore, a detailed physical insight towards heat transport in a complex back-end of line (BEOL) of a logic circuit network is given for FinFET and extreme thin silicon on insulator (ETSOI) devices. Self heating behavior of both the FinFET and ETSOI devices is compared. Moreover, layout, device and technology design guidelines (based on complex 3D TCAD) are given for robust thermal management and electrical overstress / electrostatic discharge (EOS/ESD) reliability.
A fundamental study of electrostatic probe measurements to explore the microstructure of turbulent premixed flames. 1st Report. Effects of the curvature and path of the local flame front on ion current fluctuations. (1991)

In order to examine the structure of a high-intensity turbulent premixed flame to a further extent, an attempt has been made to examine the dependence of the characteristics of ion current on the flame configuration, i.e., the local flame curvature. When the curvature is smaller than the critical value, the maximum value of the ion current decreases and the half value period of the ion current increases as the flame curvature decreases. Even though the local flame curvature is constant, the ion current fluctuation changes its shape significantly as the flame path across the probe changes.
Korean Nationalism and Democracy - Focusing on its complementariness and dynamics - (2017)

이 글은 한국사회에서의 민족주의가 민주주의의 제도화 과정 속에서 어떻게 작동하여 왔는지, 어떻게 작동하고 있는지, 또한 앞으로 어떻게 작동해나갈 것인지에 대한 시론적 연구라고 하겠다. 이미 20세기말 신자유주의와 세계화의 물결 속에서 사라지고 말 것 같았던 민족주의가 바로 그 자유주의와 민주주의를 가능케 하는 역사적 동력의 근간이었다는 점을 찾아보는 것이 이 글의 목표이고, 한국의 민족주의와 민주주의가 가지는 상호보완성과 역동성을 드러내면서 통합과 분리를 통한 미래의 변증법적 발전의 가능성을 찾아보는 것이 이 글의 궁극적 지향점이다.
Context‐based compression of binary images in parallel (2002)

Abstract Binary images can be compressed efficiently using context‐based statistical modeling and arithmetic coding. However, this approach is fully sequential and therefore additional computing power from parallel computers cannot be utilized. We attack this problem and show how to implement the context‐based compression in parallel. Our approach is to segment the image into non‐overlapping blocks, which are compressed independently by the processors. We give two alternative solutions about how to construct, distribute and utilize the model in parallel, and study the effect on the compression performance and execution time. We show by experiments that the proposed approach achieves speedup that is proportional to the number of processors. The work efficiency exceeds 50% with any reasonable number of processors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Minimizing virtual channel buffer for routers in on-chip communication architectures (2008)

We present a novel methodology for design space exploration using a two-steps scheme to optimize the number of virtual channel buffers (buffers take the premier share of the router in a NoC [10]) used to implement logical channels multiplexed across the physical channel in a router output port for QoS supported on-chip communication. In the first step, the number of virtual channels is minimized during the mapping of tasks to the NoC at the design time of a System on Chip (SoC) for which we use a swarm intelligence-based Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm. In the second step, a probabilistic approach based on the traffic model of the application is used to further minimize the number of virtual channels. We achieve on average 90.2% reduction in the number of virtual channels compared to a fixed state-of-the-art (i.e. QNoC [1]) allocation for the E3S embedded application benchmark suit. The reduction depends on the designer and the QoS parameter, and it is dependent on the specific application driven traffic model. We demonstrate our design space exploration by means of a complete robot application and also extend our exploration by evaluating the E3S embedded application benchmark suit.
Novel sensing materials for harsh environment subsurface pH sensing applications (2015)

Robust pH sensors that can operate under harsh environmental conditions are valuable for a variety of applications, such as oil and gas production, geological CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration, etc. However, despite the significant advance in pH measurement technology, reliable pH sensing at elevated pressures (up to 30,000 psi) and high temperatures (up to 350 &deg;C) remains challenging. We describe an optical pH sensor based on optical fiber technology. A sensing layer that is comprised of metal nanoparticles incorporated in a silica matrix coated on an optical fiber exhibits strong and reversible optical response to pH variation at 80 &deg;C and in solutions with different salt concentrations. The same robust response is also observed at elevated pressures up to 2,000 psi. The optical fiber pH sensor is made of materials with high stability at temperatures at least up to ~ 600 &deg;C. Therefore, this approach provides a new potential means to enable optical pH sensing for extreme environment applications.
Synthesis, properties and crystal structures of rigid porphyrins fused with bicyclo[2.2.2]octene units (1999)

S. Ito, T. Murashima, N. Ono and H. Uno, Chem. Commun., 1999, 2275 DOI: 10.1039/A907460K
Starch-Based Layer by Layer Assembly: Efficient and Sustainable Approach to Cotton Fire Protection (2015)

Starch has been employed via layer by layer assembly for building an efficient and sustainable biobased coatings capable of protecting cotton from fire. In order to obtain a better understanding of the coating to substrate relationship, the coating efficiency has been tested on cotton fabrics having different densities (i.e., 100, 200, and 400 g/m(2)). The adopted deposition conditions allow for the buildup of a homogeneous coating even at a low number of deposition steps. The physical and chemical mechanisms are described and related to the achieved results. The coating can greatly enhance the char forming ability of cellulose, nearly doubling the amount of thermally stable organic residue produced by cotton at high temperatures, as assessed by thermogravimetric analyses. After only 2 bilayers deposited, this biobased system is capable of self-extinguishing a flame during flammability tests with less than 5% in weight deposited on cotton. This high efficiency is kept even when the coating is deposited on cotton with the highest density. By cone calorimetry, all treated cottons showed significant reductions (up to 40%) of the total heat released during combustion, thus demonstrating the high efficiency achieved.
Analysis of the relationship between stage of differentiation and nk/lak susceptibility of colon carcinoma cells (1993)

NK and LAK cells which are able to lyse tumor target cells in an MHC-unrestricted manner are not equally effective against targets of the same nature. In the case of colorectal tumors, some cells are highly sensitive, whereas others are resistant to NK and can even be quite resistant to LAK-mediated lysis. In the present paper, we tried to correlate the stage of differentiation of 17 human colorectal tumor cell lines with their NK- or LAK-cell susceptibility. It was observed that NK cells killed colorectal target cells independently from their stage of differentiation defined according to histopathological criteria from xenografting in nude mice. NK susceptibility was not correlated either with in vitro-defined criteria of differentiation, such as cell polarity and morphology, brush-border enzyme expression and CEA production. A LAK-resistant HT-29 sub-line (HT-29 LAK) was selected which could not be distinguished from HT-29 in terms of features of differentiation. It was further observed that HT-29 Glc-/+ cell line, a highly differentiated enterocytic-like variant of HT-29, obtained after glucose starvation, was killed by LAK cells as efficiently as the moderately differentiated parental HT-29, and that Caco-2 cells, which differentiate spontaneously after confluence in standard culture conditions, were equally sensitive to NK-mediated lysis whatever their stage of differentiation. In contrast, HT29 MTX10(-5), a highly differentiated mucus-secreting variant of HT29 obtained by methotrexate selection, was much more resistant to LAK cells than parental HT29 cells.
Effect of Photointensity, Sound Intensity, and Ambient Temperature on Preening Behavior and Ingestion of Spray-Applied Biologics (2001)

Spray application offers low-cost and efficient application of biologics and reduced concerns regarding diverse water quality and medicator/proportioner function. However, little is known about how environmental conditions may modify preening and associated ingestion of spray-applied biologics. We evaluated the effect of selected photo intensities, sound levels, and ambient temperatures on preening behavior and ingestion of spray-applied biologics on day-of-hatch chicks. Data from these experiments suggest that temperature, sound, and especially photointensity may play a major role in determination of preening behavior in day-of-hatch chicks. Increasing photointensity (0 to 115.5 FC) at the time of spray application resulted in marked and significant increases in preening and preening-associated ingestion of spray-applied products. Furthermore, changes in sound intensity (56 to 83 dB) or temperature (35 to 22°C) increased cumulative preening events. These data indicate that control of selected environmental conditions is essential for optimal ingestion of spray box-applied biologics.
An item response curves analysis of the Force Concept Inventory (2012)

Several years ago, we introduced the idea of item response curves (IRC), a simplistic form of item response theory (IRT), to the physics education research community as a way to examine item performance on diagnostic instruments such as the Force Concept Inventory (FCI). We noted that a full-blown analysis using IRT would be a next logical step, which several authors have since taken. In this paper, we show that our simple approach not only yields similar conclusions in the analysis of the performance of items on the FCI to the more sophisticated and complex IRT analyses but also permits additional insights by characterizing both the correct and incorrect answer choices. Our IRC approach can be applied to a variety of multiple-choice assessments but, as applied to a carefully designed instrument such as the FCI, allows us to probe student understanding as a function of ability level through an examination of each answer choice. We imagine that physics teachers could use IRC analysis to identify prominent misconceptions and tailor their instruction to combat those misconceptions, fulfilling the FCI authors’ original intentions for its use. Furthermore, the IRC analysis can assist test designers to improve their assessments by identifying nonfunctioning distractors that can be replaced with distractors attractive to students at various ability levels.
Dissipation of DvSnf7 RNA from Late-Season Maize Tissue in Aquatic Microcosms (2020)

The commercialization of RNA-based agricultural products requires robust ecological risk assessments. Ecological risk is operationally defined as a function of exposure and adverse effects. Information on the environmental fate of RNA-based plant-incorporated protectants is essential to define routes and duration of exposure to potentially sensitive nontarget organisms. Providing these details in problem formulation helps focus the ecological risk assessment on the relevant species of concern. Postharvest plant residue is often considered to be the most significant route of exposure for genetically modified crops to adjacent aquatic environments. Previous studies have shown that DvSnf7 RNA from SmartStax PRO maize dissipates rapidly in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Although these studies suggest that direct exposure to DvSnf7 RNA is likely to be low, little is known regarding the fate of DvSnf7 RNA produced in plants after entering an aquatic environment. This exposure scenario is relevant to detritivorous aquatic invertebrates that process conditioned maize tissues that enter aquatic environments. To assess potential exposure to shredders, dissipation of DvSnf7 RNA expressed maize tissue was evaluated following immersion in microcosms containing sediment and water. Concentrations of DvSnf7 RNA in the tissue were measured over a duration of 21 d. The DvSnf7 RNA dissipated rapidly from immersed maize tissue and was undetectable in the tissues after 3 d. Concentrations of DvSnf7 RNA found in tissue as well as calculated water column concentrations were below levels known to elicit effects in a highly sensitive surrogate species, supporting the conclusion of minimal risk to aquatic nontarget organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1032-1040. © 2020 SETAC.
Prior Use of Antimicrobial Therapy is a Risk Factor for Culture-negative Prosthetic Joint Infection (2010)

Level III, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Constant domain-exchanged Fab enables specific light chain pairing in heterodimeric bispecific SEED-antibodies (2019)

Our results show that the novel engineered bispecific SEED antibody scaffold with an incorporated Fab fragment with C<sub>H</sub>3-exchanged constant domains is a promising tool for the generation of complete heterodimeric bispecific antibodies with correct light chain pairing.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Haouamine A. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Anchoring Ceria Nanoparticles on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Their Electronic Transport Properties (2011)

We report a simple scheme of anchoring crystalline ceria nanoparticles (CNPs) onto reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets. Two types of CNPs, consisting of predominantly either Ce3+ or Ce4+ valence states, were mixed with GO suspended in water, with simultaneous reduction using hydrazine to yield CNP/RGO composite. Structural and surface characterizations reveal a strong electrostatic interaction between the CNPs and the RGO. Electrical characterizations show that with increased oxygen vacancies from Ce4+ to Ce3+ states the predominantly ambipolar RGO transforms to n-type CNP/RGO composites due to the electrostatic interaction between the localized electrons in oxygen vacancy sites of CNPs and mobile holes in RGO.