gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
uBlasCL: Architecture Agnostic Massively Parallel Linear Algebra System (2011)

The need for more efficient, more abstract and easier to use parallel programming interfaces has been recently intensified with the introduction and remarkable evolution of technologies such as the General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPG-PUs) and multi-core Central Processing Units (CPUs). In the present paper we present the introduction of the uBlasCL system as a Domain Specific Embedded Language within C++ that implements a Basic Linear Algebra Interface for OpenCL. The system is architecture agnostic, in the sense that it can be programmed independently of the targeted architecture, is massively parallel, and achieves efficiency that tracks well the increase in hardware performance advances. Our effort is based on the utilization of template metaprogramming and domain specific languages fundamentals, for developing a system that has the syntactic flexibility of a symbolic term processing system for expressing mathematics, and the semantic and executional power to exploit the parallelism offered by the hardware in an automated, transparent to the user, and efficiently mapped on the hardware manner. We also describe its relation to C++, template programming, domain specific languages and OpenCL. In the effort to develop uBlasCL we also developed a middleware library named CL++, as a convenient C++ interface to OpenCL. After the architectural and the implementation descriptions of the system, we present performance testing results demonstrating its potential power.
Software fault injection and its application in distributed systems (2002)

The authors describe a software fault injector (SFI) developed to facilitate the validation of dependability mechanisms on an experimental distributed real-time system called HARTS. SFI introduces a number of extensions to previous work done on fault injection tools. In particular, it allows combinations of fault types to be injected in the nodes of a distributed system. It also allows control of all timing parameters of the injection at each node. A description is given of the features and implementation of SFI. As a demonstration of the utility of SFI, the results of some sample experiments are presented.
A new measurement method of femoral anteversion based on the 3D modeling (2002)

Three dimensional (3D) modeling of the femur is a very useful method of measuring femoral anteversion. Conventional methods based on cross-sectional computed tomography (CT) images have difficulty in determining the major axes: femoral neck axis, condylar line and longitudinal axis. The authors modeled the femur and defined three parameters: neck axis, long axis and knee axis. First, the neck axis consists of centers of femoral head and neck. The femoral head is modeled as a sphere. The authors define the center of femoral head from the center of fitted sphere. The center of femoral neck is the mid-point of the two dimensional (2D) reconstructed oblique image in the part of femoral neck. The neck axis is a line connecting these two centers. Second, the authors model the longitude of the femur as a cylinder, and the long axis is defined from the fitted cylinder. Third, the knee axis which is tangent to the back of the femoral condyles is easily determined by table-top method. According to the definition of the femoral anteversion, the femoral anteversion is efficiently measured from this model. The method provides accurate, fast and human factor free measurement for femoral anteversion.
Total Synthesis of Gombamide A (2016)

The first total synthesis of Gombamide A (1), a cytotoxic cyclic thiopeptide from the sponge Clathria gombawuiensis, has been achieved. Highlights of the convergent synthesis feature a disulfide bond forming cascade to close the 17-membered macrocycle and a selenoazidylation procedure to access the unusual para-hydroxystyrlyamide (pHSA) moiety. The synthesis required 18 steps, 11 steps in its longest linear sequence, and proceeded in 9.1% overall yield. This work will facilitate the study of the biological effects of Gombamide A and provide groundwork to explore the structure-activity relationship around this rare natural product.
Opportunistic dynamic subchannel allocation in multiuser OFDM networks with limited feedback (2005)

In this paper we present a simple scheme for subchannel allocation in OFDM multiuser networks in the presence of limited feedback, in particular, when only one bit of information per subchannel is available at the base station. Our objective is to maximize the sum rate capacity of the network in the downlink transmission. We show that even with very limited feedback the sum rate capacity growth is the same as the fully informed transmission. We also extend this result to the case when subchannels are correlated.
Relationship of epididymal sperm antibodies to their in vitro fertilization capacity in men with congenital absence of the vas deferens (1993)

Human epididymal sperm and epididymal fluid retrieved from men with congenital absence of the vas deferens can react positively to immunobead test. However, the presence of antisperm antibodies do not seem to impair the IVF capacity of epididymal sperm.
Nonconformity’s Shrinking Consituency (2015)

Abstract This chapter describes how the final quarter of the nineteenth century witnessed not only the decline in membership of Nonconformist churches and attendances, but also the first indications that the social basis of their congregations was narrowing. It describes the loss of Nonconformist businessmen, the economic and numerical decline of the Nonconformist retailers, and the continuing drain of the unskilled and low-paid away from Dissent. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Nonconformity was losing crucial financial support and its ability to appeal to the masses.
The aberrant coexpression of several receptor tyrosine kinases is largely restricted to EBV‐negative cases of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (2007)

Abstract The Hodgkin‐Reed/Sternberg (HRS) cells of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) aberrantly express up to 7 different receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) with extensive heterogeneity regarding the number and combinations of expressed RTKs in individual cases and a more prominent coexpression in nodular‐sclerosis (ns) than mixed‐cellularity (mc) HL. To investigate whether RTK expression patterns are related to other pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical behaviour, we analysed a large collection of EBV + and EBV − cases of ns and mc subtype and cases with relapses for expression of the 7 RTKs. No specific relation of any RTK to a specific group of cases was observed. The analysis of average numbers of expressed RTKs per case as a measure for strength of overall RTK signalling revealed a relation with the histological subtype and the EBV‐status. RTK coexpression was significantly higher in EBV − nsHL cases compared to both EBV − and EBV + mcHL cases. Among mcHL cases RTK coexpression was significantly higher in EBV − compared to EBV + cases. Coexpression of 3 and more RTKs was largely restricted to EBV − cases. The inverse correlation between strong RTK signalling and presence of EBV may indicate that RTK signalling can at least partially replace the role of EBV in HRS cell pathogenesis. For cases with aberrant coexpression of several RTKs inclusion of RTK inhibitors in therapy regimens may be a novel option. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long-Term Tolerance and Skin Allograft Survival in CD200tg Mice After Autologous Marrow Transplantation (2014)

Autologous BMTx improves graft survival and promotes graft tolerance.
Multiple cDNAs Encoding the esk Kinase Predict Transmembrane and Intracellular Enzyme Isoforms (1992)

A novel protein kinase, the Esk kinase, has been isolated from an embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line by using an expression cloning strategy. Sequence analysis of two independent cDNA clones (2.97 and 2.85 kb) suggested the presence of two Esk isoforms in EC cells. The esk-1 cDNA sequence predicted an 857-amino-acid protein kinase with a putative membrane-spanning domain, while the esk-2 cDNA predicted an 831-amino-acid kinase which lacked this domain. In adult mouse cells, esk mRNA levels were highest in tissues possessing a high proliferation rate or a sizeable stem cell compartment, suggesting that the Esk kinase may play some role in the control of cell proliferation or differentiation. As anticipated from the screening procedure, bacterial expression of the Esk kinase reacted with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies on immunoblots. Furthermore, in in vitro kinase assays, the Esk kinase was shown to phosphorylate both itself and the exogenous substrate myelin basic protein on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues, confirming that the Esk kinase is a novel member of the serine/threonine/tyrosine family of protein kinases.
Comparison of Different Methods for Characterization of DC Conductivity of Insulating Polymers (2020)

Knowledge of the electrical conductivity of polymer insulation materials is important for designing cable components for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) applications. The aim of this study is to compare three measuring techniques, namely, charging current, surface potential decay (SPD) and dielectric response measurements. The first method is time consuming because it requires that the current through a material is recorded while a direct-current (DC) voltage is applied for a prolonged period of time. The DC conductivity is calculated from the steady state current, which is typically only approached after several hours to days. In SPD experiments, the decay of a potential, induced by corona charging, is monitored and utilized to estimate the field-dependent conductivity from one single measurement. Frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy (FDS) measurements allow to estimate the DC conductivity from the low frequency response. Two materials, low density polyethylene (LDPE) and cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), were used. The SPD measurements overestimated the conductivities of both materials compared to those obtained by the charging current method for the entire studied range of temperature (30-70° C) and electric field (10-50 kV/mm). At the same, FDS measurements underestimated the temperature dependency of the conductivity for both LDPE and XLPE. It was noticed that the SPD technique demonstrated a very good repeatability and required significantly shorter measuring time compared to other methods.
Supplementary Methods from Application of Bayesian Modeling of Autologous Antibody Responses against Ovarian Tumor-Associated Antigens to Cancer Detection (2023)

Supplementary Methods from Application of Bayesian Modeling of Autologous Antibody Responses against Ovarian Tumor-Associated Antigens to Cancer Detection
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Catalytic Epoxidation of Chiral Allylic Alcohols by the TS‐1 and Ti‐β Zeolites: Evidence for a Hydrogen‐Bonded, Peroxy‐Type Loaded Complex as Oxidizing Species. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tunable lasing in doped liquid crystals with one-dimensional periodic structure (2003)

Various types of tunable lasing in dye-doped liquid crystals with one dimensional periodic structure have been demonstrated. An electrical tuning of lasing wavelength has been demonstrated in a dye-doped chiral smectic liquid crystal mixture with a short pitch helical structure which is so-called ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC). Waveguide configuration of FLC laser has also been proposed, also in which the lasing wavelength widely can be tuned upon the electric field. The electrically tunable lasing has been observed also in a focal conic structure of dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystal. This laser action is based on a helix micro-cavity in focal conic domains. Optically pumped distributed feedback lasing has been proposed in a dye-doped nematic liquid crystal (NLC) waveguide by holographic excitation, in which continuous tuning of the lasing wavelength is performed upon applying electric field. Electrical tuning of the wavelength of the defect mode lasing in a one-dimensional periodic structure has been demonstrated using a dye-doped NLC as a defect layer in the periodic structure. Lasing wavelength is widely tuned upon applying the electric field, which is due to the refractive index change in the defect layer caused by the field-induced realignment of the NLC molecules.
10 kV and 15 kV silicon carbide power MOSFETs for next-generation energy conversion and transmission systems (2014)

Advanced high-voltage (10 kV-15 kV) silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs described in this paper have the potential to significantly impact the system performance, size, weight, high-temperature reliability, and cost of next-generation energy conversion and transmission systems. In this paper, we report our recently developed 10 kV/20 A SiC MOSFETs with a chip size of 8.1 × 8.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a specific on-resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON, SP</sub> ) of 100 MΩ-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 25 °C. We also developed 15 kV/10 A SiC power MOSFETs with a chip size of 8 × 8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON, SP</sub> of 204 mQ cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 25 °C. To our knowledge, this 15 kV SiC MOSFET is the highest voltage rated unipolar power switch. Compared to the commercial 6.5 kV Silicon (Si) IGBTs, these 10 kV and 15 kV SiC MOSFETs exhibit extremely low switching losses even when they are switched at 2-3× higher voltage. The benefits of using these 10 kV and 15 kV SiC MOSFETs include simplifying from multilevel to two-level topology and removing the need for time-interleaving by improving the switching frequency from a few hundred Hz for Si based systems to ≥ 10 kHz for hard-switched SiC based systems.
Direct Coupling Between Meiotic DNA Replication and Recombination Initiation (2000)

During meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA replication occurs 1. 5 to 2 hours before recombination initiates by DNA double-strand break formation. We show that replication and recombination initiation are directly linked. Blocking meiotic replication prevented double-strand break formation in a replication-checkpoint-independent manner, and delaying replication of a chromosome segment specifically delayed break formation in that segment. Consequently, the time between replication and break formation was held constant in all regions. We suggest that double-strand break formation occurs as part of a process initiated by DNA replication, which thus determines when meiotic recombination initiates on a regional rather than a cell-wide basis.
A new silicon‐based photoconductive microwave switch (2008)

Abstract A silicon‐based photoconductive microwave switch has been designed and fabricated within a coplanar waveguide on a high resistivity Si substrate. This device offers improved signal attenuation per incident optical power when compared with other types of optically controlled attenuators that have been reported. Attenuation of more than 30 dB was achieved by illumination from a single infrared LED. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 248–252, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23961
Rational design of a genetically encoded NMR zinc sensor (2023)

Elucidating the biochemical roles of the essential metal ion, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, motivates detection strategies that are sensitive, selective, quantitative, and minimally invasive in living systems. Fluorescent probes have identified Zn<sup>2+</sup> in cells but complementary approaches employing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are lacking. Recent studies of maltose binding protein (MBP) using ultrasensitive <sup>129</sup>Xe NMR spectroscopy identified a switchable salt bridge which causes slow xenon exchange and elicits strong hyperpolarized <sup>129</sup>Xe chemical exchange saturation transfer (hyper-CEST) NMR contrast. To engineer the first genetically encoded, NMR-active sensor for Zn<sup>2+</sup>, we converted the MBP salt bridge into a Zn<sup>2+</sup> binding site, while preserving the specific xenon binding cavity. The zinc sensor (ZS) at only 1 μM achieved 'turn-on' detection of Zn<sup>2+</sup> with pronounced hyper-CEST contrast. This made it possible to determine different Zn<sup>2+</sup> levels in a biological fluid <i>via</i> hyper-CEST. ZS was responsive to low-micromolar Zn<sup>2+</sup>, only modestly responsive to Cu<sup>2+</sup>, and nonresponsive to other biologically important metal ions, according to hyper-CEST NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Protein X-ray crystallography confirmed the identity of the bound Zn<sup>2+</sup> ion using anomalous scattering: Zn<sup>2+</sup> was coordinated with two histidine side chains and three water molecules. Penta-coordinate Zn<sup>2+</sup> forms a hydrogen-bond-mediated gate that controls the Xe exchange rate. Metal ion binding affinity, <sup>129</sup>Xe NMR chemical shift, and exchange rate are tunable parameters <i>via</i> protein engineering, which highlights the potential to develop proteins as selective metal ion sensors for NMR spectroscopy and imaging.
Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution of Benzene, Toluene, Ethanol, Esters, Ketones, and Ethers at Various Temperatures in Water Using the Dilutor Technique (2004)

This paper reports experimental activity coefficients at infinite dilution for 16 solutes (benzene, toluene, ethanol, esters, ketones, and ethers) at different temperatures (308 ≤ T/K ≤ 343) measured with the help of a dilutor technique (inert gas stripping). The activity coefficients obtained are in good agreement with data derived from LLE data. Furthermore, the partial molar excess enthalpies derived from these data are in agreement with the values derived from enthalpy of mixing data.
Towards Ideal Magnetofluorescent Nanoparticles for Bimodal Detection of Breast‐Cancer Cells (2009)

An increasing number of novel molecular markers based on nanomaterials for tumor diagnostics have been developed in recent years. Many efforts have focused on the achievement of site-targeted bioconjugated nanoparticles. In contrast, the mechanisms of toxicity, endocytosis, and degradation pathways are still poorly understood, despite their primary importance for clinical translation. In this study, three different model nanoscale magnetofluorescent particle systems (MFNs) are designed and fabricated. These nanoparticles are evaluated in terms of size, morphology, zeta potential, fluorescence efficiency, capability of enhancing T(2) relaxivity of water protons, and stability. Accordingly, two are developed and the mechanism of internalization, the intracellular fate, and the toxicity in MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cells are studied. Besides the well-documented size effect, the anionic charge seems to be a crucial factor for particle internalization, as MFN penetration through the cell membrane could be modulated by surface charge. Ultrastructural analysis of transmission electron micrographs combined with evidence from confocal microscopy reveals that MFNs are internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Moreover, MFNs are found in EEA1-positive endosomes and in lysosomes, indicating that they follow a physiological pathway of endocytosis. Magnetorelaxometric analysis demonstrates that MFNs enable the detection of 5 x 10(5) cells mL(-1) after treatment with particle dosages as low as 30 microg mL(-1). Hence, MFNs appear to be a valuable and safe bimodal contrast agent that can be developed for the noninvasive diagnosis of breast cancer.
Glicentin-related pancreatic polypeptide inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from the isolated pancreas of adult male rats (2015)

Peptides derived from the glucagon gene Gcg, for example, glucagon and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), act as physiological regulators of fuel metabolism and are thus of major interest in the pathogenesis of diseases, such as type-2 diabetes and obesity, and their therapeutic management. Glicentin-related pancreatic polypeptide (GRPP) is a further, 30 amino acid Gcg-derived peptide identified in human, mouse, rat, and pig. However, the potential glucoregulatory function of this peptide is largely unknown. Here, we synthesized rat GRPP (rGRPP) and a closely related peptide, rat GRPP-like peptide (rGRPP-LP), and investigated their actions in the liver and pancreas of adult male rats by employing isolated-perfused organ preparations. Rat GRPP and rGRPP-LP did not affect glucose output from the liver, but both elicited potent inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from the rat pancreas. This action is unlikely to be mediated by glucagon or GLP-1 receptors, as rGRPP and rGRPP-LP did not stimulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production from the glucagon or GLP-1 receptors, nor did they antagonize glucagon- or GLP-1-stimulated cAMP-production at either receptor. GRPP and GRPP-LP may be novel regulators of insulin secretion, acting through an as-yet undefined receptor.
407 W End-pumped Multi-segmented Nd:YAG Laser (2005)

A composite crystalline Nd:YAG rod consisting of 5 segments with different dopant concentrations for high power diode end-pumping is presented. A maximum laser output power of 407 W with an optical-to-optical efficiency of 54 % was achieved by longitudinal pumping with a high power laser diode stack.
Drilling Data-Based Approach for Pressure Gradient Estimation Using Random Forest (2022)

Abstract Real-time estimation of the formation pressure can enhance the drilling operations in terms of non-productive time, costs, and safety. In the literature, the known methods for formation gradient prediction are derived from logging or a combination of selected drilling data and logging. The objective of this paper is to use random forest (RF) to develop a predictive model for real-time pore pressure gradient using surface drilling parameters. The used inputs were pump rate (PR), standpipe pressure (SPP), rate of penetration (ROP) and rotary speed (RS). A field data set was used to develop the prediction model. Another data set was used for validating the developed model. The proposed model estimated the pressure gradient with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.99 and 0.98 for training and testing. The root mean squared error (RMSE) was around 0.01 and 0.014 psi/ft for training and testing. In addition, the average absolute percentage error (AAPE) was 0.96% and 1.66% for training and testing. Introduction Formation pressure is the one exerted by the fluids contained inside the pores of formations. The normal pressure gradient ranges between 0.433 psi/ft and around 0.465 psi/ft (Bourgoyne et al., 1986). Abnormal pressure is used for any deviation from the normal pressure trend that can be either supernormal or subnormal (Mouchet, J.P., and Mitchell, 1989).