gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Raman effect studies of isoelectronic substitution in Si-Ge-S glasses (1985)

The question of isoelectronic substitution in glasses is explored in alloys of the form (SixGe1-x)yS1-y. For S-rich compositions (y<1/3), Si (Ge) does not replace Ge (Si) and the microstructure of the glasses is composed of separate SiS2, GeS2 and S clusters. In the S-poor compositions (y<1/3), isoelectronic substitution does occur in the ethane-like clusters S3-A-A-S3 (A=Si, Ge). The present results lead to conditions for the occurrence of isoelectronic substitution in glasses.
Understanding the Origin of the Hysteresis of High-Performance Solution Processed Polycrystalline SnO2 Thin-Film Transistors and Applications to Circuits (2021)

Crystalline tin oxide has been investigated for industrial applications since the 1970s. Recently, the amorphous phase of tin oxide has been used in thin film transistors (TFTs) and has demonstrated high performance. For large area electronics, TFTs are well suited, but they are subject to various instabilities due to operating conditions, such as positive or negative bias stress PBS (NBS). Another instability is hysteresis, which can be detrimental in operating circuits. Understanding its origin can help fabricating more reliable TFTs. Here, we report an investigation on the origin of the hysteresis of solution-processed polycrystalline SnO<sub>2</sub> TFTs. We examined the effect of the carrier concentration in the SnO<sub>2</sub> channel region on the hysteresis by varying the curing temperature of the thin film from 200 to 350 °C. Stressing the TFTs characterized further the origin of the hysteresis, and holes trapped in the dielectric are understood to be the main source of the hysteresis. With TFTs showing the smallest hysteresis, we could fabricate inverters and ring oscillators.
A New Android Malware Detection Method Using Bayesian Classification (2013)

Mobile malware has been growing in scale and complexity as smartphone usage continues to rise. Android has surpassed other mobile platforms as the most popular whilst also witnessing a dramatic increase in malware targeting the platform. A worrying trend that is emerging is the increasing sophistication of Android malware to evade detection by traditional signature-based scanners. As such, Android app marketplaces remain at risk of hosting malicious apps that could evade detection before being downloaded by unsuspecting users. Hence, in this paper we present an effective approach to alleviate this problem based on Bayesian classification models obtained from static code analysis. The models are built from a collection of code and app characteristics that provide indicators of potential malicious activities. The models are evaluated with real malware samples in the wild and results of experiments are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
AES design improvement towards information safety (2016)

With the rapid development and globalization of semiconductor design and fabrication, integrated circuit (IC) is becoming more vulnerable to malicious modification called hardware Trojan. As Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) core has been widely used in security critical applications, it can easily become a target of Hardware Trojan. In this paper, 9 potential AES hardware Trojans, which cover Trojan types leaking key or plain text are demonstrated. Then three protections of varying strengths against the proposed Trojans, including combination, reorder, and reconfiguration logic insertion, are presented. The proposed protections are shown to effectively disfunction the 9 types of potential Trojans. Therefore, the information security of AES is significantly improved.
Pruning Boltzmann networks and hidden Markov models (2002)

We present sensitivity-based pruning algorithms for general Boltzmann networks. Central to our methods is the efficient calculation of a second-order approximation to the true weight saliencies in a cross-entropy error. Building upon previous work which shows a formal correspondence between linear Boltzmann chains and hidden Markov models (HMMs), we argue that our method can be applied to HMMs as well. We illustrate pruning on Boltzmann zippers, which are equivalent to two HMMs with cross-connection links. We verify that our second-order approximation preserves the rank ordering of weight saliencies and thus the proper weight is pruned at each pruning step. In all our experiments in small problems, pruning reduces the generalization error; in most cases the pruned networks facilitate interpretation as well.
Generation of Polypeptide-Templated Gold Nanoparticles using Ionizing Radiation (2013)

Ionizing radiation, including γ rays and X-rays, are high-energy electromagnetic radiation with diverse applications in nuclear energy, astrophysics, and medicine. In this work, we describe the use of ionizing radiation and cysteine-containing elastin-like polypeptides (C(n)ELPs, where n = 2 or 12 cysteines in the polypeptide sequence) for the generation of gold nanoparticles. In the presence of C(n)ELPs, ionizing radiation doses higher than 175 Gy resulted in the formation of maroon-colored gold nanoparticle dispersions, with maximal absorbance at 520 nm, from colorless metal salts. Visible color changes were not observed in any of the control systems, indicating that ionizing radiation, gold salt solution, and C(n)ELPs were all required for nanoparticle formation. The hydrodynamic diameters of nanoparticles, determined using dynamic light scattering, were in the range of 80-150 nm, while TEM imaging indicated the formation of gold cores 10-20 nm in diameter. Interestingly, C2ELPs formed 1-2 nm diameter gold nanoparticles in the absence of radiation. Our results describe a facile method of nanoparticle formation in which nanoparticle size can be tailored based on radiation dose and C(n)ELP type. Further improvements in these polypeptide-based systems can lead to colorimetric detection of ionizing radiation in a variety of applications.
Selective Deposition of Dielectrics: Limits and Advantages of Alkanethiol Blocking Agents on Metal–Dielectric Patterns (2016)

Area selective atomic layer deposition has the potential to significantly improve current fabrication approaches by introducing a bottom-up process in which robust and conformal thin films are selectively deposited onto patterned substrates. In this paper, we demonstrate selective deposition of dielectrics on metal/dielectric patterns by protecting metal surfaces using alkanethiol blocking layers. We examine alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with two different chain lengths deposited both in vapor and in solution and show that in both systems, thiols have the ability to block surfaces against dielectric deposition. We show that thiol molecules can displace Cu oxide, opening possibilities for easier sample preparation. A vapor-deposited alkanethiol SAM is shown to be more effective than a solution-deposited SAM in blocking ALD, even after only 30 s of exposure. The vapor deposition also results in a much better thiol regeneration process and may facilitate deposition of the SAMs on porous or three-dimensional structures, allowing for the fabrication of next generation electronic devices.
Processing large-diameter poly(L-lactic acid) microfiber mesh/mesenchymal stromal cell constructs via resin embedding: an efficient histologic method (2014)

In this study, we performed a complete histologic analysis of constructs based on large diameter ( >100 μm) poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) microfibers obtained via dry-wet spinning and rat Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (rMSCs) differentiated towards the osteogenic lineage, using acrylic resin embedding. In many synthetic polymer-based microfiber meshes, ex post processability of fiber/cell constructs for histologic analysis may face deterring difficulties, leading to an incomplete investigation of the potential of these scaffolds. Indeed, while polymeric nanofiber (fiber diameter = tens of nanometers)/cell constructs can usually be embedded in common histologic media and easily sectioned, preserving the material structure and the antigenic reactivity, histologic analysis of large polymeric microfiber/cell constructs in the literature is really scant. This affects microfiber scaffolds based on FDA-approved and widely used polymers such as PLLA and its copolymers. Indeed, for such constructs, especially those with fiber diameter and fiber interspace much larger than cell size, standard histologic processing is usually inefficient due to inhomogeneous hardness and lack of cohesion between the synthetic and the biological phases under sectioning. In this study, the microfiber/MSC constructs were embedded in acrylic resin and the staining/reaction procedures were calibrated to demonstrate the possibility of successfully employing histologic methods in tissue engineering studies even in such difficult cases. We histologically investigated the main osteogenic markers and extracellular matrix molecules, such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, osteocalcin, TGF-β1, Runx2, Collagen type I and the presence of amorphous, fibrillar and mineralized matrix. Biochemical tests were employed to confirm our findings. This protocol permitted efficient sectioning of the treated constructs and good penetration of the histologic reagents, thus allowing distribution and expression of almost all the tested molecules to be revealed. Our results demonstrated that it is possible to perform histologic analyses of large-diameter PLLA-based microfiber scaffold/MSC constructs that face the failure of standard histologic procedures.
Dielectric screening versus quantum confinement of phosphorus donors in silicon nanocrystals investigated by magnetic resonance (2009)

We monitor the localization of donor wave functions when going from the bulk to nanoscales by electrically detected magnetic resonance of P-doped Si nanocrystal networks. Analysis of the P hyperfine splitting shows that for nanocrystals with radii above $\ensuremath{\sim}6\text{ }\text{nm}$ donor localization is dominated by a reduction in dielectric screening relative to the bulk rather than by quantum confinement. Screening effects become negligible only for radii below $\ensuremath{\sim}2\text{ }\text{nm}$, where quantum confinement dominates. Thus, hyperfine interactions can serve as sensitive probes to study basic properties of doped nanocrystals and provide data to critically test theoretical models.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Safety and Tolerability of Hyperpolarized129Xe MR Imaging in Healthy Volunteers and Patients (2011)

Inhalation of hyperpolarized (129)Xe is well tolerated in healthy subjects and in those with mild or moderate COPD. Subjects do experience mild, transient, xenon-related symptoms, consistent with its known anesthetic properties.
Tapestry: an efficient mesh-based display representation for interactive rendering (2001)

This thesis introduces the tapestry, an efficient mesh-based display representation, and explores its use for interactive rendering.&lt;p&gt;Interactive, realistic rendering of complex environments is a longstanding goal in the field of computer graphics. Traditionally, polygon-based hardware rendering pipelines have supported interactive viewing, while off-line global illumination methods have provided high quality imagery. Incorporating both realism and fast display update into a single system, however, continues to pose a challenge. The tapestry display representation is proposed as a means of closing the gap between existing paradigms by incorporating the benefits of point sampling techniques and polygon rendering pipelines into a single interactive framework.&lt;p&gt;A tapestry is a 2.5D triangle mesh with spherical Delaunay topology that is used as an efficient, view-dependent display representation. The tapestry acts as a cache of rendered point samples. The point samples are used as the vertices of the triangle mesh and can come from any sample generator such as a polygon renderer or ray tracer. The mesh can be rendered from any viewpoint, and the Delaunay condition ensures good quality reconstructions -- even with a sparse sampling. The mesh has 2D topology relative to the viewpoint from which it is generated, enabling efficient mesh construction algorithms. We present robust mesh update algorithms based on geometric constraints. The mesh can be evolved across viewpoints allowing maximal re-use of samples while maintaining the geometric constraints. The tapestry mesh can be rendered rapidly utilizing existing graphics hardware. We introduce new techniques for adaptive sampling and tapestry construction using graphics hardware.&lt;p&gt;We demonstrate the use of the tapestry as a static display representation in a polygon-based walkthrough environment, and as a dynamic display representation as an interactive front-end for ray-tracing. A new interactive rendering framework based on a fully dynamic tapestry is presented and evaluated. By decoupling the display representation from the sample generator through caching and reconstruction, and by providing an efficient, output-sensitive display representation, the tapestry makes interactive exploration of visually and geometrically complex environments possible even on low-end machines.&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Note:&lt;/b&gt; this dissertation is available on line at Digital Dissertations and, possibly, from other sources. For help, please ask a librarian.
Broadband Diffractive Optics for Efficient Light Management in Photovoltaics (2012)

A micro-structured broadband diffractive optic efficiently concentrated and separated sunlight into spectral bands that were incident upon laterally separated single-junction photovoltaic devices. An increase in electrical power output was demonstrated with Si/GaAs and CIGS devices.
Alkylphenols from the Roots of <i>Ardisia brevicaulis</i> Induce G1 Arrest and Apoptosis through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway in Human Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Cells (2012)

From the roots of Ardisia brevicaulis DIELS, two new alkylphenol derivatives, named ardisiphenol E (2) and F (3), have been isolated together with a known alkylphenol, ardisiphenol D (1). The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited strong cytotoxicities on two human non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines (H1299 and A549). We found that compounds 1 and 2 upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers including C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), binding immunoglobulin protein (Bip) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) indicating 1 and 2 are novel natural ER stress inducers. Treatments with 1 and 5 µM of 1 or 2 triggered G1 arrest in H1299 and A549 cells with concomitant downregulation of ubiquitin fusion degradation protein 1 (Ufd1) and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) proteins and the accumulation of p27, the key axes of ER stress-mediated G1 arrest. Compounds 1 and 2 also induced apoptosis at high concentrations (10, 20 µM) which was shown to be coupled with the upregulation of CHOP and Bim, the activation of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. These results indicate that compounds 1 and 2 induce ER stress that subsequently causes G1 arrest and apoptosis in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells and they may have potential anticancer effects.
Molecularly profiled trials: toward a framework of actions for the “nil actionables” (2021)

The sequencing of tumour or blood samples is increasingly used to stratify patients into clinical trials of molecularly targeted agents, and this approach has frequently demonstrated clinical benefit for those who are deemed eligible. But what of those who have no clear and evident molecular driver? What of those deemed to have "nil actionable" mutations? How might we deliver better therapeutic opportunities for those left behind in the clamour toward stratified therapeutics? And what significant learnings lie hidden in the data we amass but do not interrogate and understand? This Perspective article suggests a holistic approach to the future treatment of such patients, and sets a framework through which significant additional patient benefit might be achieved. In order to deliver upon this framework, it encourages and invites the clinical community to engage more enthusiastically and share learnings with colleagues in the early drug discovery community, in order to deliver a step change in patient care.
Biomechanik des prothetisch versorgten Femur - Einfluß der Prothesenschaftbeschichtung - (1997)

Article Biomechanik des prothetisch versorgten Femur - Einfluß der Prothesenschaftbeschichtung - was published on January 1, 1997 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 42, issue s2).
Two-wavelength reversible holograms in azo-dye doped nematic liquid crystals (1993)

We describe reversible holographic effects in azo-dye doped liquid crystals. Surface-stabilized holograms are recorded at 514 nm using beams polarized parallel to the molecular director of the liquid crystals. While these holograms persist for several hours in the dark, complete erasure is achieved in a few seconds by exposure to 337 nm light.
A Survey on Cooperative Diversity for Wireless Networks (2011)

Diversity, i.e. transmitting multiple replicas of a signal, may mitigate fading in wireless networks. Among other diversity techniques, the space diversity of multi-antenna systems is particularly interesting since it can complement other forms of diversity. The recent cooperative diversity paradigm brings the advantages of multi-antenna space diversity to single antenna networked devices, which, through cooperation and antenna sharing, form virtual antenna arrays. However, cooperative diversity is a complex technique and research on this topic is still in its early stages. This paper aims at providing a general survey on the theoretical framework; and the physical and medium access control proposals in the literature.
Heightened respiratory‐parasympathetic coupling to airways in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (2021)

Much research has described heightened sympathetic activity in hypertension and diminished parasympathetic tone, especially to the heart. The carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors exhibit hyperreflexia and are hyperactive, providing excitatory drive to sympathetic networks in hypertension. Given that acute CB activation produces reflex evoked bronchoconstriction via activation of parasympathetic vagal efferents, we hypothesised that the parasympathetic bronchoconstrictor activity is enhanced in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats and that this is dependent on CB inputs. In situ preparations of Wistar and SH rats were used in which bronchiolar tone, the pulmonary branch of the vagus (pVN) and phrenic nerves were recorded simultaneously; whole cell patch clamp recordings of bronchoconstrictor vagal motoneurones were also made from the nucleus ambiguus. Bronchiolar tone, pVN and bronchoconstrictor motoneurones were respiratory modulated and this modulation was enhanced in SH rats. These differences were all eliminated after CB denervation. Stimulation of the CBs increased the phrenic frequency that caused a summation of the respiratory-related increases in pVN, resulting in the development of bronchoconstrictor tone. This tone was exaggerated in SH rats. The enhanced respiratory-parasympathetic coupling to airways in SH rats was not due to differences in the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of bronchoconstrictor motoneurones but reflected heightened pre-inspiratory- and inspiratory-related synaptic drive. In summary, in SH rats the phasic respiratory modulation of parasympathetic tone to the airways is elevated and the greater development of this bronchoconstrictor tone is caused by the heightened afferent drive originating from the CBs. Thus, targeting the CBs may prove effective for increasing lower airway patency.
Tandem Reduction–Reoxidation Augments the Catalytic Activity of Sn-Beta Zeolites by Redispersion and Respeciation of SnO2 Clusters (2021)

High dispersion of Sn in beta (β) zeolites is pivotal to obtain highly active Snβ catalysts with high productivity. However, at higher Sn loadings, Sn dispersion and the activity per Sn decrease. The present work highlights the augmentation of catalytic activity in the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation and Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reactions of the as-synthesized Snβ catalysts with Sn loadings of up to 10 wt % by tandem reduction–reoxidation and discusses the effect in terms of Lewis acid (LA) density, Sn dispersion, Sn speciation, and catalytic performance. To do so, nontreated, reduced, and reduced–reoxidized Snβ catalysts are characterized by N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a multitude of spectroscopic techniques such as temperature-programmed reduction-mass spectrometry (TPR-MS), probe Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), diffuse reflectance ultraviolet–visible (DRUV–vis), 119Sn Mössbauer, 119Sn magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Although not mutually exclusive, the higher catalytic activity seems to arise from different phenomena depending on the Sn loading. At a lower Sn content (<5 wt %), the higher activity arises from the redispersion of SnO2 clusters into smaller active Sn species, whereas at a higher Sn content (≥5 wt %), the catalytic activity seems to improve based on the respeciation of SnO2 clusters.
Microstructure and Compression Properties of VSS-V3B2 Eutectic Alloys in the V-Si-B System (2020)

The present study reports on the microstructural evolution and room temperature plasticity of V(‑Si)‑B alloys with respect to the V solid solution (V<sub>SS</sub>)‑V<sub>3</sub>B<sub>2</sub> phase region. To investigate the occurring effects systematically, different binary V‑B and ternary V‑Si‑B alloys were produced by conventional arc melting. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were used to characterize the resulting as-cast microstructures. For the first time, the eutectic composition was systematically traced from the binary V‑B domain to the ternary V‑Si‑B system. The observations discover that the binary eutectic trough (V<sub>SS</sub>‑V<sub>3</sub>B<sub>2</sub>) seems to reach into the ternary system up to an alloy composition of V‑5Si‑9B. Room temperature compression tests were carried out in order to study the impact of single-phase and multi-phase microstructures on the strength and plasticity of binary and ternary alloys. The results indicate that the V<sub>SS</sub> phase controls the plastic deformability in the V<sub>SS</sub>‑V<sub>3</sub>B<sub>2</sub> eutectic microstructure whereas the intermetallic V<sub>3</sub>B<sub>2</sub> acts as a strong hardening phase.
ChemInform Abstract: Pauson—Khand‐Type Reactions (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.