gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship between nanostructure and deformation behavior of microphase‐separated styrene/butadiene systems (2006)

Abstract The relationship between the morphology and the mechanical properties of nanostructured blends, comprising an asymmetric styrene/butadiene star block copolymer, exhibiting cocontinuous‐like morphology and low molar mass homopolymers, was studied by electron microscopy, microindentation hardness, and tensile testing methods. Results show that the deformation behavior of these systems is significantly modified by the presence of unentangled homopolymer chains, leading partly to a decrease in mechanical properties. In contrast to common polymer blends, in which usually, the hardness values do not markedly deviate from the additivity law, the H ‐values in the system investigated show large deviations from the linear additivity behavior. The observed anomalous behavior is discussed in terms of the enhanced local flow processes induced by the phase‐separated morphology at a nanometer scale. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 998–1006, 2006
Dynamic Polygon Cloud Compression (2016)

We introduce the {\em polygon cloud}, also known as a polygon set or {\em soup}, as a compressible representation of 3D geometry (including its attributes, such as color texture) intermediate between polygonal meshes and point clouds. Dynamic or time-varying polygon clouds, like dynamic polygonal meshes and dynamic point clouds, can take advantage of temporal redundancy for compression, if certain challenges are addressed. In this paper, we propose methods for compressing both static and dynamic polygon clouds, specifically triangle clouds. We compare triangle clouds to both triangle meshes and point clouds in terms of compression, for live captured dynamic colored geometry. We find that triangle clouds can be compressed nearly as well as triangle meshes, while being far more robust to noise and other structures typically found in live captures, which violate the assumption of a smooth surface manifold, such as lines, points, and ragged boundaries. We also find that triangle clouds can be used to compress point clouds with significantly better performance than previously demonstrated point cloud compression methods.
Remote Patient Management in Peritoneal Dialysis: Impact on Clinician’s Practice and Behavior (2019)

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a self-administered chronic renal replacement therapy. It is a home-based therapy, and thus subject to the risk of discrepancy between prescribed dose and effective dialysis delivery. Till now automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) cyclers have recorded the dialysis treatments on a card that patients bring to the hospital for consultation in the PD unit. This card contains the operative parameters of each APD session. Recently, Baxter Healthcare developed a cloud-based tool for remote patient and treatment management. The new platform named Sharesource® embedded into the cycler HOMECHOICE CLARIA® allows to overcome the problems related to poor compliance and feeling of uncertainty by the patient, reducing the number of hospital visits and the workload for physician and nurses of the PD Unit. This new system uploads all treatment information to a secure cloud-based software. The 2-way communication platform gives remote visibility to patient's treatment and allows for feedback and correction of inadequate treatment program. Remote patient management (RPM) allows to visualize the course of home PD day after day, evaluating adherence to prescription, possible alarms during treatment, drainage times, and ultrafiltration amount. The evaluation of all the data can be done by the physician at his desk in the Hospital in front of the computer. RPM allows a patient's dialytic management in real time and enables the nephrologist to remotely modify treatment operative parameters, leaving the patient at home saving kilometers, money and time. In this chapter, we describe a simple algorithm used in our unit to define alarm thresholds and to describe actions to be instituted to correct any possible problem occurring during APD.
Forces in the normal and abnormal hand (1985)

Abstract An analytc model for human hand force analysis was developed through anatomical study and measurement of multiple cadaveric specimens. A method of solution was developed to determine muscle and joint force distributions under various isometric hand functions. Applications of this model to abnormal conditions include studying the effects of tendon laceration, neuromuscular weakness, and surgical restoration by tendon transfer. Limitations and further applications of the model are discussed in detail.
Haemopoietic growth factor control of normal and neoplastic cellular proliferation. (1989)

Endotoxin induces the appearance of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and macrophage (M)-CSF in the serum of mice. No GM-CSF was detectable in endotoxin serum. Phytohaemagglutinin stimulated human T-lymphocytes to secrete three major forms of GM-CSF. All of the haemopoietic growth factors (HGFs) are active in vivo, but the cellular responses are different for each HGF. Prolonged administration of G-CSF increases the number of circulating neutrophils and does not lead to adverse side-effects. Chronic exposure to GM-CSF induces an accumulation of activated macrophages which can cause considerable tissue destruction. Although the 'src-like' oncogenes induce HGF production by chicken myeloblasts, factor-dependent murine cells can be converted to a tumorigenic phenotype without autocrine growth factor production.
Learning and Evaluating Musical Features with Deep Autoencoders (2017)

In this work we describe and evaluate methods to learn musical embeddings. Each embedding is a vector that represents four contiguous beats of music and is derived from a symbolic representation. We consider autoencoding-based methods including denoising autoencoders, and context reconstruction, and evaluate the resulting embeddings on a forward prediction and a classification task.
Quantifying the Relationships among Drug Classes (2008)

The similarity of drug targets is typically measured using sequence or structural information. Here, we consider chemo-centric approaches that measure target similarity on the basis of their ligands, asking how chemoinformatics similarities differ from those derived bioinformatically, how stable the ligand networks are to changes in chemoinformatics metrics, and which network is the most reliable for prediction of pharmacology. We calculated the similarities between hundreds of drug targets and their ligands and mapped the relationship between them in a formal network. Bioinformatics networks were based on the BLAST similarity between sequences, while chemoinformatics networks were based on the ligand-set similarities calculated with either the Similarity Ensemble Approach (SEA) or a method derived from Bayesian statistics. By multiple criteria, bioinformatics and chemoinformatics networks differed substantially, and only occasionally did a high sequence similarity correspond to a high ligand-set similarity. In contrast, the chemoinformatics networks were stable to the method used to calculate the ligand-set similarities and to the chemical representation of the ligands. Also, the chemoinformatics networks were more natural and more organized, by network theory, than their bioinformatics counterparts: ligand-based networks were found to be small-world and broad-scale.
Endovascular repair of traumatic thoracic aortic injury: Clinical practice guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery (2021)

The Society for Vascular Surgery pursued development of clinical practice guidelines for the management of traumatic thoracic aortic injuries with thoracic endovascular aortic repair. In formulating clinical practice guidelines, the Society selected a panel of experts and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. They used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methods (GRADE) to develop and present their recommendations. The systematic review included 7768 patients from 139 studies. The mortality rate was significantly lower in patients who underwent endovascular repair, followed by open repair, and nonoperative management (9%, 19%, and 46%, respectively, < .01). Based on the overall very low quality of evidence, the committee suggests that endovascular repair of thoracic aortic transection is associated with better survival and decreased risk of spinal cord ischemia, renal injury, graft, and systemic infections compared with open repair or nonoperative management (Grade 2, Level C). The committee was also surveyed on a variety of issues that were not specifically addressed by the meta-analysis. On these select matters, the majority opinions of the committee suggest urgent repair following stabilization of other injuries, observation of minimal aortic defects, selective (vs routine) revascularization in cases of left subclavian artery coverage, and that spinal drainage is not routinely required in these cases.
Synthesis of two-dimensional titanium nitride Ti4N3(MXene) (2016)

We report on the synthesis of the first two-dimensional transition metal nitride, Ti4N3-based MXene. In contrast to the previously reported MXene synthesis methods - in which selective etching of a MAX phase precursor occurred in aqueous acidic solutions - here a molten fluoride salt is used to etch Al from a Ti4AlN3 powder precursor at 550 °C under an argon atmosphere. We further delaminated the resulting MXene to produce few-layered nanosheets and monolayers of Ti4N3Tx, where T is a surface termination (F, O, or OH). Density functional theory calculations of bare, non-terminated Ti4N3 and terminated Ti4N3Tx were performed to determine the most energetically stable form of this MXene. Bare and functionalized Ti4N3 are predicted to be metallic. Bare Ti4N3 is expected to show magnetism, which is significantly reduced in the presence of functional groups.
Genetic evidence for a functional relationship between Hsp104 and Hsp70 (1993)

The phenotypes of single Hsp104 and Hsp70 mutants of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide no clue that these proteins are functionally related. Mutation of the HSP104 gene severely reduces the ability of cells to survive short exposures to extreme temperatures (thermotolerance) but has no effect on growth rates. On the other hand, mutations in the genes that encode Hsp70 proteins have significant effects on growth rates but do not reduce thermotolerance. The absence of a thermotolerance defect in S. cerevisiae Hsp70 mutants is puzzling, since the protein clearly plays an important role in thermotolerance in a variety of other organisms. In this report, examination of the phenotypes of combined Hsp104 and Hsp70 mutants uncovers similarities in the functions of Hsp104 and Hsp70 not previously apparent. In the absence of the Hsp104 protein, Hsp70 is very important for thermotolerance in S. cerevisiae, particularly at very early times after a temperature upshift. Similarly, Hsp104 plays a substantial role in vegetative growth under conditions of decreased Hsp70 protein levels. These results suggest a close functional relationship between Hsp104 and Hsp70.
Group Communication Over LTE (2015)

This chapter provides details of group communication services as specified in 3GPP Release 12. This includes the architectural framework adopted for unicast and broadcast delivery of voice and data in order to effectively support group communication. It also highlights different use cases and how group communication solutions apply for these use cases.
Discovery and development of MP529, a new effective and selective inhibitor of Aurora A kinase. (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

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Genetic instability can lead to tumorigenesis, creating the need for cells to develop mechanisms and checkpoints to ensure faithful replication and division of genetic material. These mechanisms and checkpoints remain intact in normal cells, but are often disrupted or lost in cancer cells. Aurora kinases have mitotic regulatory functions and are important proteins in the maintenance of genetic stability, especially during mitosis. Aurora A localizes to the centrosomes during mitosis and is required for spindle assembly; atypical amounts of Aurora A in cells cause abnormal spindle formation and disruption of the spindle-assembly checkpoint. Overexpression of Aurora has been observed in several types of human cancers including breast, colorectal, prostate, ovarian, and pancreas. Aurora A represents a logical target because of its implication in tumorigenesis and, being a kinase, lends itself to small molecule inhibition. We have developed new small molecule inhibitors, the MP529 series, which demonstrate both activity and specificity for Aurora A kinase. These compounds were developed using our proprietary CLIMB drug discovery process which involves physical screening of much fewer compounds than traditional methods, (less than one hundred versus several million), and produces superior results. The crystal structure of Aurora A kinase was used as a substrate for docking to generate a subset of leads from our large virtual library of compounds; this subset of leads was selected based on calculated binding energies. The lead compounds were then subjected to a number of in silico physiochemical and ADMET prediction algorithms to determine which were most likely to be “drug-like”. This computational screen produced a group of candidates of the substituted (4-p-tolylsulfamoyl-phenyl) amide class, the MP529 series. These compounds demonstrate nanomolar activity against Aurora-A kinase in biochemical enzyme based assays, while exhibiting little to no activity versus Aurora B. In cell based assays the MP529 series induced phenotypes indicative of Aurora A inhibition, and these compounds have been extended into in vivo studies. This series of compounds has been evaluated in in vivo xenograft models and shows efficacy while maintaining desirable pharmacokinetic properties and a large therapeutic window. The MP529 series is a unique set of compounds that demonstrate improved activity and selectivity for the Aurora A target, and is currently undergoing late-stage preclinical development.
Learning Graphs With Monotone Topology Properties and Multiple Connected Components (2018)

Recent papers have formulated the problem of learning graphs from data as an inverse covariance estimation problem with graph Laplacian constraints. While such problems are convex, existing methods cannot guarantee that solutions will have specific graph topology properties (e.g., being a tree), which are desirable for some applications. The problem of learning a graph with topology properties is in general non-convex. In this paper, we propose an approach to solve these problems by decomposing them into two sub-problems for which efficient solutions are known. Specifically, a graph topology inference (GTI) step is employed to select a feasible graph topology. Then, a graph weight estimation (GWE) step is performed by solving a generalized graph Laplacian estimation problem, where edges are constrained by the topology found in the GTI step. Our main result is a bound on the error of the GWE step as a function of the error in the GTI step. This error bound indicates that the GTI step should be solved using an algorithm that approximates the data similarity matrix by another matrix whose entries have been thresholded to zero to have the desired type of graph topology. The GTI stage can leverage existing methods, which are typically based on minimizing the total weight of removed edges. Since the GWE stage is an inverse covariance estimation problem with linear constraints, it can be solved using existing convex optimization methods. We demonstrate that our approach can achieve good results for both synthetic and texture image data.
Unexpected Configurational and Conformational Preference in Bicyclo [3.2.0]heptane Systems (1982)

Abstract Einige 7endo‐monosubstituierte Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept‐2‐en‐6‐one and Bicyclo‐[3.2.0]heptan‐6‐one zeigen eine unerwartete thermodynamische Stabilität gegenüber den entsprechenden 7exo‐Isomeren. Die basenkatalysierte Epimerisierung (NaOH oder N(CH2CH3)3) verschiedener 7‐monosubstituierter Bicyclo[3.2.0]‐hept‐2‐en‐6‐one (1‐7) und Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan‐6‐one (8–10) führt je nach Substituent (R) zu folgenden endo/exo‐Gleichgewichtsgemischen: (a) Bicyclo[3.2.0]‐hept‐2‐en‐6‐one: R = F: 89/11, R = C1: 87/13, R = CH3: 76/24, R = CH2CH3: 65/35, R = CH (CH3)2: 57/43, R= C (CH3)3: 10/90, R= C6H5: 66/34; (b) Bicyclo[3.2.0]‐heptan‐6‐one: R = C1: 85/15, R = CH3: 45/55, R= C (CH3)3: 0,4/99,6. In jedem Fall wurde das gleiche Epimerengemisch erhalten, ausgehend sowohl vom endo‐ wie auch vom exo‐Isomeren. Die bemerkenswerte endo‐Stabilität wird einer Bevorzugung der Konformation 11 des Cyclobutanonringes zugeschrieben, verursacht durch geringere Pitzer‐Spannung. So kann ein endo‐Substituent an C(7) eine pseudoäquatoriale Lage am Cyclobutanonring einnehmen. Bei sehr sperrigen Substituenten mit zunehmender Raumerfüllung nimmt eine 1,2‐abstossende Wechselwirkung langsam überhand, bis im Falle des t‐Butylsubstituenten die exo‐Konfiguration die stabilere wird. Die Dehalogenierung von 7‐Halo‐substituierten Bicyclo [3.2.0]hept‐2‐en‐6‐onen (15 bis 21) mit Zink und Eisessig und mit Tributylzinnhydrid führte zu den folgenden endo/exo‐Epimerengemischen der entsprechenden 7‐monosubstituierten Bicyclo [3.2.0]hept‐2‐en‐6‐one (2 bis 7): R = C1: 92/8, R = CH3: 93/7, R = CH2CH3: 93/7, R = CH(CH3)2: 92/8, R = C(CH3)3: 93/7, R = C6H5: 93/7. In allen Fällen, also unabhängig vom Substituenten R, war das endo‐isomere stark bevorzugt. Es muss sich also um eine kinetische Kontrolle im isomerenbestimmenden Schritt handeln: Die Reduktion verläft über das Enolat, bzw. über eine Radikalspezies mit trigonal‐planarer Anordnung am C(7), so dass die (irreversible) Wasserstoff‐Anlagerung von der weniger behinderten Site, der exo‐Seite her erfolgt.
Supplementary Video S3 from MAP9 Loss Triggers Chromosomal Instability, Initiates Colorectal Tumorigenesis, and Is Associated with Poor Survival of Patients with Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Video S3&lt;/p&gt;
Experimental verification of an indefinite causal order (2017)

Investigating the role of causal order in quantum mechanics has recently revealed that the causal relations of events may not be a priori well defined in quantum theory. Although this has triggered a growing interest on the theoretical side, creating processes without a causal order is an experimental task. We report the first decisive demonstration of a process with an indefinite causal order. To do this, we quantify how incompatible our setup is with a definite causal order by measuring a "causal witness." This mathematical object incorporates a series of measurements that are designed to yield a certain outcome only if the process under examination is not consistent with any well-defined causal order. In our experiment, we perform a measurement in a superposition of causal orders-without destroying the coherence-to acquire information both inside and outside of a "causally nonordered process." Using this information, we experimentally determine a causal witness, demonstrating by almost 7 SDs that the experimentally implemented process does not have a definite causal order.
New Labdane Diterpenes from the Stem Bark of Larix laricina (2006)

Two new labdane diterpenes, cis-19-hydroxyabienol (1) and 8alpha-hydroxy-12Z,14-labdadien-19-al (2), along with another labdane described for the first time in the genus Larix, 19-acetoxy-13S-hydroxy-8(17),14-labdadiene (3) and a stilbene, 3-methoxy-3,3',5'-trihydroxystilbene (4), were isolated from the stem bark of Larch (Larix laricina). Their structures were established by standard chemical and spectroscopic methods. Compounds 2 and 3 were shown to be moderately cytotoxic against A-549, DLD-1 and normal skin fibroblast cell lines, WS1. Compound 1 was found to be selectively active against colon carcinoma cell lines, DLD-1.
Real-time communication in FieldBus multiaccess networks (2002)

There has been an increasing need of timely and predictable communication services for embedded real-time systems in automated factories and industrial process controls. Work has been done on real-time communication with deadline guarantees in point-to-point, token bus/token ring/FDDI, and DQDB (Distributed Queue Dual Bus) networks. However, due to the random access nature of the CSMA/CD type multiaccess networks, they are not suitable for applications with stringent timing constraints. We consider real-time communication services with absolute deadline guarantees in multiaccess local area networks equipped with a centralized scheduler, such as the SP-50 FieldBus, an industrial standard protocol for process control and manufacturing applications. Similar to most token-passing networks, in a centralized scheduling multiaccess network, the access to the bus is controlled by a token. Only the station currently holding the token has the exclusive right to use the multiaccess bus. Unlike the token bus, token ring, or FDDI network, the multiaccess network uses a centralized token scheduling scheme and the token need not be allocated to the stations in a cyclic fashion. We show that the pinwheel and the distance-constrained scheduling techniques can be adapted to schedule the token in centralized-scheduling multiaccess networks to guarantee message deadlines.
Hyperparameter selection for ResNet classification of malignancy from thyroid ultrasound images (2020)

Thyroid nodules are extremely common, with a prevalence of up to 68% in adults. Ultrasound imaging is usually performed to detect and evaluate thyroid nodules for malignancy. Many patients undergo follow-up biopsy in the form of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to determine if a nodule is malignant or benign, although most nodules are benign. In order to reduce the number of unnecessary FNAs, radiologists will often use classification systems such as Thyroid Imaging, Reporting, and Data System (TI-RADS) to provide risk stratification and a recommendation regarding whether FNA is necessary. This scoring is both subjective and time-consuming, leading to discrepancies between radiologists and recommendations that can be inaccurate. We hypothesize that a machine learned classifier can be identified with accurate and generalizable performance, potentially offering more consistent results than manual evaluation. We created a network from two ResNet-50 branches accepting two inputs, shear-wave elastography and B-mode ultrasound images. We performed a grid search to determine the optimal hyperparameters for our model, resulting in a network that predicted malignancy of nodules with 88.7% accuracy and an AUC of 0.91. Along with identifying the training hyperparameters with optimal classification accuracy, the grid search also allowed us to select training parameters that led to more generalizable model performance on test data sets. These initial performance results suggest that our model offers a promising strategy for thyroid nodule classification and a strategy to help identify more generalizable models.
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies in IBD Are the Same in Ashkenazi and Sepharadi Jews in Israel (1995)

Eliakim, R M.D.; Naparstek, Y M.D.; Stalnikowicz, R M.D.; Ulmansky, R Ph.D.; Rachmilewitz, D M.D. Author Information
Metallocene catalysts for the polymerization and copolymerization ofα-olefins: a research collaboration project report (2001)

Results obtained during the tenure of a BMBF-supported collaborative research project, comprising the parts “Exploration of new ansa-metallocene complexes”, “Commercially applicable metallocene syntheses”, “Metallocene catalysts on solid supports” and “Improved control of the polymerization process”, are reported in condensed form.