gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of STAT3 by the c-Fes Protein-tyrosine Kinase (1998)

STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription) are transcription factors that contain SH2 domains and are activated by tyrosine phosphorylation, often in response to cytokine stimulation. Recent evidence indicates that the transforming tyrosine kinases encoded by the v-Src, v-Abl, and v-Fps oncogenes can induce STAT activation, suggesting that their normal cellular homologs may contribute to STAT activation under physiological conditions. In this report, we provide direct evidence that c-Fes, the normal human homolog of v-Fps, potently activates STAT3. Transient transfection of human 293T cells with STAT3 and Fes resulted in strong stimulation of STAT3 DNA binding activity. In contrast, only modest activation of STAT5 by Fes was observed in this system, indicative of possible selectivity. To determine whether Fes-induced STAT3 activation is dependent upon endogenous mammalian kinases, co-expression studies were also performed in Sf-9 insect cells. Fes also induced a dramatic increase in STAT3 DNA binding activity in this system, whereas no activation of STAT5 was observed. As a positive control, both STAT3 and STAT5 were shown to be activated by the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase in Sf-9 cells. Fes induced strong tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 in both expression systems, consistent with the gel-shift results. Fes and STAT3 have been independently linked to myeloid differentiation. Results presented here suggest that these proteins may cooperate to promote differentiation signaling in response to hematopoietic cytokines.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Tin Monosulfi de Thin Films (2011)

Thin film solar cells made from earth-abundant, non-toxic materials are needed to replace the current technology that uses \\(Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)_2\\) and \\(CdTe\\), which contain scarce and toxic elements. One promising candidate absorber material is tin monosulfide (\\(SnS\\)). In this report, pure, stoichiometric, single-phase SnS films were obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using the reaction of \\(bis(N,N′-diisopropylacetamidinato)tin(II)\\) \\([Sn(MeC(N-^{i}Pr)_{2})_{2}]\\) and hydrogen sulfide \\((H_2 S)\\) at low temperatures (100 to 200 \\(°C\\)). The direct optical band gap of SnS is around 1.3 eV and strong optical absorption \\((\\alpha &gt; 10^4 cm^{−1})\\) is observed throughout the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. The films are p-type semiconductors with carrier concentration on the order of \\(10^{16} cm^{−3}\\) and hole mobility \\(0.82–15.3cm^{2}V^{−1}s^{−1}\\) in the plane of the films. The electrical properties are anisotropic, with three times higher mobility in the direction through the film, compared to the in-plane direction.
Polyethylene Glycol Exposure with Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), PEGylated (rurioctocog alfa pegol) and Other Therapies Indicated for the Pediatric Population: History and Safety (2018)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an inert, water soluble polymer, used for decades in pharmaceuticals. Although PEG is considered safe, concerns persist about the potential adverse effects of long-term exposure to PEG-containing therapies, specifically in children, following the introduction of PEGylated recombinant factor products used for the treatment of hemophilia. Given the absence of long-term surveillance data, and to evaluate the potential risk, we estimated PEG exposure in the pediatric population receiving PEGylated therapies with pediatric indications administered intravenously or intramuscularly. We used a range of pediatric weights and doses based on prescribing information (PI) or treatment guidelines. PIs and reporting websites were searched for information about adverse events (AEs). For a child weighing 50 kg on the highest prophylactic dose of a FVIII product, the range of total PEG exposure was 40⁻21,840 mg/year; for factor IX (FIX) products, the range was 13⁻1342 mg/year; and for other products, the range was 383⁻26,743 mg/year, primarily as a derivative excipient. No AE patterns attributable to PEG were found for any of these products, including potential renal, neurological, or hepatic AEs. Our analyses suggest the pediatric population has had substantial exposure to PEG for several decades, with no evidence of adverse consequences.
High frequency (140 GHz) dynamic nuclear polarization: Polarization transfer to a solute in frozen aqueous solution (1995)

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) transfers the large polarization of unpaired electrons to nuclei and thus significantly enhances the signal strength in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. High frequency/field (140 GHz/5 T) DNP has been implemented in solid state NMR experiments using a nitroxide radical as the paramagnetic polarizing agent in a water:glycerol frozen solution. The 1H and 13C NMR signal strengths of both the solvent and an amino acid solute have been enhanced by a factor of 185, which represents a reduction of ≳102 in sample size requirements or ≳104 in signal acquisition time.
Bioconversions of maize residues to value-added coproducts using yeast-like fungi (2003)

Agricultural residues are abundant potential feedstocks for bioconversions to industrial fuels and chemicals. Every bushel of maize (approximately 25 kg) processed for sweeteners, oil, or ethanol generates nearly 7 kg of protein- and fiber-rich residues. Currently these materials are sold for very low returns as animal feed ingredients. Yeast-like fungi are promising biocatalysts for conversions of agricultural residues. Although corn fiber (pericarp) arabinoxylan is resistant to digestion by commercially available enzymes, a crude mixture of enzymes from the yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium partially saccharifies corn fiber without chemical pretreatment. Sugars derived from corn fiber can be converted to ethanol or other valuable products using a variety of naturally occurring or recombinant yeasts. Examples are presented of Pichia guilliermondii strains for the conversion of corn fiber hydrolysates to the alternative sweetener xylitol. Corn-based fuel ethanol production also generates enormous volumes of low-value stillage residues. These nutritionally rich materials are prospective substrates for numerous yeast fermentations. Strains of Aureobasidium and the red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma utilize stillage residues for production of the polysaccharide pullulan and the carotenoid astaxanthin, respectively.
Field-oriented Control of Induction Motor Drives with Direct Rotor Current Estimation for Applications in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles (2007)

This paper demonstrates the implementation of field-oriented control and rotor current estimation of an induction machine. A mathematical model was developed in Matlab/Simulink. A control system was implemented on a three-phase wound field induction motor to confirm the proposed method and estimated rotor currents. A dSPACE embedded real time controller is used to implement the control and experimental results have been obtained to confirm the proposed method.
Multi-Point Single-User MIMO Transmission Scheme for Communication Systems beyond LTE-Advanced (2016)

Downlink Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission schemes are often considered as an effective means to minimize the impact of co-channel interference from neighboring transmission point(s) on the performance of cell-edge users. For Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A), CoMP was defined in Rel 11 and supports three types of transmission schemes: Coordinated Scheduling and Coordinated Beamforming (CS/CB), Joint Transmission (JT) and Dynamic Point Selection (DPS). For JT CoMP with single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), it is generally assumed that the user equipment (UE) receives each MIMO layer from multiple transmission points which apply joint precoding. In practice, however, such joint precoding is not always desirable from the performance perspective and system constraints. Therefore, in this paper we propose an alternative approach of supporting JT CoMP for SU-MIMO. More specifically, it is shown that for spatial multiplexing SU-MIMO transmission schemes it is beneficial to transmit MIMO layers with per-point precoding independently from the neighboring (i.e., non-serving) point(s) in addition to the MIMO layer(s) transmitted by the serving point. For the proposed multi-point SU-MIMO transmission scheme, an original proportional fair scheduling algorithm is developed to achieve load balancing across the cooperating transmission points. Using system-level simulations it is demonstrated that the considered multi-point SU-MIMO transmission scheme can improve the system performance and, therefore, may be considered as a candidate enhancement for next generation (5G) cellular communication systems beyond LTE-Advanced.
Designing voriconazole treatment for racing pigeons: balancing between hepatic enzyme auto induction and toxicity (2008)

Aspergillosis is a major cause of mortality in captive birds and its prognosis is often poor due to treatment failure. Voriconazole is a novel triazole antifungal agent that may be useful for the treatment of this infection in birds as it has shown promise in other animal models of the disease. We examined the pharmacokinetic behaviour of voriconazole in racing pigeons (Columbia livia forma domestica). Intravenous, oral and aerosol administration were investigated in single (10 mg/kg BW PO; 10, 5, 2.5 mg/kg BW IV), multiple dose (10, 20 mg/kg BW PO q12h, q24h) and nebulization (15 min, 10 mg/ml NaCl 0.9%) experiments. Quantitative measurements of voriconazole in plasma, as well as in lung tissue, collected at several time points, were done with a validated high performance liquid chromatography method using ultraviolet detection. Designing a treatment schedule with voriconazole is complicated by dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and induction of its biotransformation. Moreover, hepatic changes were seen in the oral multiple dose regimen at 10 and 20 mg/kg BW twice a day. Taking all features into account our study suggests that the oral dosage schedules of 10 mg/kg BW twice a day or 20 mg/kg BW once a day could be most appropriate in treating pigeons with aspergillosis.
Isoapoptolidin:  Structure and Activity of the Ring-Expanded Isomer of Apoptolidin (2002)

[formula: see text] Apoptolidin (1) is a novel oncolytic lead that induces apoptosis in transformed cell lines with exceptional selectivity. We report the isolation and characterization of a ring-expanded macrolide isomer of apoptolidin: isoapoptolidin (2). The solution conformation of isoapoptolidin is described. The rate of isomerization was measured under biologically relevant conditions and found to approach equilibrium within the time frame of most cell-based assays. Isoapoptolidin's ability to inhibit mitochondrial F0F1-ATPase is over 10-fold less than that of apoptolidin.
Investigation of ion/molecule reactions as a quantification method for phosphorylated positional isomers: An FT-ICR approach (2003)

A rapid and accurate method of quantifying positional isomeric mixtures of phosphorylated hexose and N-acetylhexosamine monosacchrides by using gas-phase ion/molecule reactions coupled with FT-ICR mass spectrometry is described. Trimethyl borate, the reagent gas, reacts readily with the singly charged negative ions of phosphorylated monosaccharides to form two stable product ions corresponding to the loss of one or two neutral molecules of methanol from the original adduct. Product distribution in the ion/molecule reaction spectra differs significantly for isomers phosphorylated in either the 1- or the 6-position. As a result, the percents of total ion current of these product ions for a mixture of the two isomers vary with its composition. In order to determine the percentage of each isomer in an unknown mixture, a multicomponent quantification method is utilized in which the percents of total ion current of the two product ions for each pure monosaccharide phosphate and the mixture are used in a two-equation, two-unknown system. The applicability of this method is demonstrated by successfully quantifying mock mixtures of four different isomeric pairs: Glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate; mannose-1-phosphate and mannose-6-phosphate; galactose-1-phosphate and galactose-6-phosphate; N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate and N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate. The effects of mixture concentrations and ion/molecule reaction conditions on the quantification are also discussed. Our results demonstrate that this assay is a fast, sensitive, and robust method to quantify isomeric mixtures of phosphorylated monosaccharides.
Adaptive aberration compensation for three-dimensional micro-fabrication of photonic crystals in lithium niobate (2011)

We present the use of a liquid crystal spatial light modulator to correct for the refractive-index mismatch induced spherical aberration in a high refractive-index lithium niobate crystal when a low repetition rate amplified laser is used for the direct fabrication of three-dimensional micro-structures. By correcting the aberration based on experimentally determined values, we show that the size of written structures decreases dramatically, which allows the fabrication of high quality micro-structures such as three-dimensional photonic crystals. We demonstrate that, through the use of adaptive optics, the fabrication depth and the stopgap strength in the corresponding photonic crystals are increased by a factor of two to three.
Dynamic Anti-Integrator-Windup Controller Design for Linear Systems With Actuator Saturation (2006)

The present paper is concerned with the design of dynamic anti-integrator-windup controllers for critically stable linear systems with a single pole at the origin. The constant gain term in the conventional anti-windup controller is extended to have dynamics represented by a transfer function. The proposed dynamic anti-windup compensator is similar to the one based on co-prime factorization of the plant. The overall controller includes an internal model for constant signals and achieves regulation for constant disturbance and reference inputs as long as the asymptotic control input stays within the saturation limits. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on a one-link flexible arm through simulations and experiments.
Development and Improvement of Transient Subchannel Analysis Code NASCA : (2) Code Description and Spacer Effects (2000)

Transient subcahnnel analysis code NASCA has been developed to predict boiling transition (BT) and rewetting in BWR reactors. NASCA code is based on three-fluid model, and has a liquid film-droplet model, a new spacer-induced droplet deposition model, a modified cross-flow model, fine subchannel model, etc. The spacer-induced droplet deposition model incorporating three spacer effects, such as (1) turbulent enhancement effect, (2) secondary flow effect and (3) run off effect was proposed. Predicted critical power was found to be in good agreement with existing experimental data by applying the spacer model. Moreover, it was clarified that spacers played a significant role on transient BT and rewetting phenomena.
Data from Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transitioned Circulating Tumor Cells Capture for Detecting Tumor Progression (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; This study aimed to detect cell-surface vimentin (CSV) on the surface of epithelial–mesenchymal transitioned (EMT) circulating tumor cells (CTC) from blood of patients with epithelial cancers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; In this study, 101 patients undergoing postsurgery adjuvant chemotherapy for metastatic colon cancer were recruited. EMT CTCs were detected from blood of patients using the 84-1 monoclonal antibody against CSV as a marker. EMT CTCs isolated were characterized further using EMT-specific markers, fluorescent &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; hybridization, and single-cell mutation analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Using the 84-1 antibody, we detected CSV exclusively on EMT CTCs from a variety of tumor types but not in the surrounding normal cells in the blood. The antibody exhibited very high specificity and sensitivity toward different epithelial cancer cells. With this antibody, we detected and enumerated EMT CTCs from patients. From our observations, we defined a cutoff of &lt;5 or ≥5 EMT CTCs as the optimal threshold with respect to therapeutic response using ROC curves. Using this defined threshold, the presence of ≥5 EMT CTCs was associated with progressive disease, whereas patients with &lt;5 EMT CTCs showed therapeutic response.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Taken together, the number of EMT CTCs detected correlated with the therapeutic outcome of the disease. These results establish CSV as a universal marker for EMT CTCs from a wide variety of tumor types and thus provide the foundation for emerging CTC detection technologies and for studying the molecular regulation of these EMT CTCs. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 899–906. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Entropy Label for Source Packet Routing in Networking (SPRING) Tunnels (2019)

Segment Routing (SR) leverages the source routing paradigm. A node
steers a packet through an ordered list of instructions, called
segments. Segment Routing can be applied to the Multi Protocol Label
Switching (MPLS) data plane. Entropy label (EL) is a technique used in
MPLS to improve load-balancing. This document examines and describes
how ELs are to be applied to Segment Routing MPLS.
Data from <i>KIT</i> and <i>PDGFRA</i> Mutations and Survival of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Patients Treated with Adjuvant Imatinib in a Randomized Trial (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Limited data are available about the influence of &lt;i&gt;KIT&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;PDGFRA&lt;/i&gt; mutations on overall survival (OS) of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) treated with adjuvant imatinib.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;The Scandinavian Sarcoma Group XVIII/AIO multicenter trial accrued 400 patients with a high risk for GIST recurrence after macroscopically complete surgery between February 4, 2004, and September 29, 2008. The patients received adjuvant imatinib 400 mg/day for either 1 year or 3 years based on random allocation. We analyzed using conventional sequencing &lt;i&gt;KIT&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;PDGFRA&lt;/i&gt; mutations centrally from 341 (85%) patients who had localized, centrally confirmed GIST, and correlated the results with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and OS in exploratory analyses.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;During a median follow-up time of 10 years, 164 RFS events and 76 deaths occurred. Most patients were re-treated with imatinib when GIST recurred. Patients with &lt;i&gt;KIT&lt;/i&gt; exon 11 deletion or indel mutation treated with 3 years of adjuvant imatinib survived longer than patients treated for 1 year [10-year OS 86% versus 64%, respectively; HR, 0.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.15–0.72; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.007], and also had longer RFS (10-year RFS 47% versus 29%; HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.31–0.74; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Patients with &lt;i&gt;KIT&lt;/i&gt; exon 9 mutation had unfavorable OS regardless of the duration of adjuvant imatinib.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Compared with 1 year of imatinib, 3 years of adjuvant imatinib led to 66% reduction in the estimated risk of death and a high 10-year OS rate in the subset of patients with a &lt;i&gt;KIT&lt;/i&gt; exon 11 deletion/indel mutation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Biological-Realtime Neuromorphic System in 28 nm CMOS Using Low-Leakage Switched Capacitor Circuits (2015)

A switched-capacitor (SC) neuromorphic system for closed-loop neural coupling in 28 nm CMOS is presented, occupying 600 um by 600 um. It offers 128 input channels (i.e., presynaptic terminals), 8192 synapses and 64 output channels (i.e., neurons). Biologically realistic neuron and synapse dynamics are achieved via a faithful translation of the behavioural equations to SC circuits. As leakage currents significantly affect circuit behaviour at this technology node, dedicated compensation techniques are employed to achieve biological-realtime operation, with faithful reproduction of time constants of several 100 ms at room temperature. Power draw of the overall system is 1.9 mW.
Personalized Functional Brain Network Topography Predicts Individual Differences in Youth Cognition (2022)

Abstract Individual differences in cognition during childhood are associated with important social, physical, and mental health outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Given that cortical surface arealization during development reflects the brain’s functional prioritization, quantifying variation in the topography of functional brain networks across the developing cortex may provide insight regarding individual differences in cognition. We test this idea by defining personalized functional networks (PFNs) that account for interindividual heterogeneity in functional brain network topography in 9-10 year olds from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development SM Study. Across matched discovery (n=3,525) and replication (n=3,447) samples, the total cortical representation of fronto-parietal PFNs positively correlated with general cognition. Cross-validated ridge regressions trained on PFN topography predicted cognition across domains, with prediction accuracy increasing along the cortex’s sensorimotor-association organizational axis. These results establish that functional network topography heterogeneity is associated with individual differences in cognition before the critical transition into adolescence.
A quick and reliable acoustic calibration method for a clinical magnetic resonance guided high-intensity focused ultrasound system (2017)

With the expanding use and applications of MR-HIFU in both thermal-based and pressure-based therapies, there is an urgent need to develop acoustic field characterization and quality assurance (QA) tools for MR-HIFU systems. We developed a method for quick and reliable acoustic field assessment inside the magnet bore of a clinical MRI system. A fiber-optic hydrophone with a 2-m long fiber was fixed inside a water tank that was placed on the HIFU table above the acoustic window. The long fiber allowed the MRI-incompatible hydrophone control unit to be located outside the MRI suite. MR images of the fiber were used to position the HIFU focus approximately at the tip of the fiber. The HIFU focus was electronically steered within a 5×5×5mm3 volume in synchronization with hydrophone measurements. The HIFU focus location was then identified based on the 3D field scans. Peak positive and negative pressures were measured at the focus at various nominal acoustic powers. Furthermore, focus dimensions and spatial peak pulse average intensities were assessed. The results were compared to and were consistent with standard hydrophone measurements outside the MRI suite. This method provides a useful tool for field characterization and QA of MR-HIFU systems.
PCSEL pumped coupling optics free Yb:YAG/Cr:YAG microchip laser (2018)

The passively Q-switched operation of a cryogenically cooled Yb:YAG/Cr:YAG microchip laser was demonstrated with end pumping by a photonic crystal surface emitting laser (PCSEL). This laser generated 70 μJ/1.7 ns/3.2 kHz pulses with near diffraction limited beam quality (M<sup>2</sup>=1.1) at 1029.4 nm. There were no coupling optics between the microchip laser crystal and PCSEL, which made the system simple and compact.