gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On simultaneously determinizing and complementing omega -automata (2003)

The authors give a construction to determine and complement simultaneously a Buchi automaton in infinite strings, with an exponential blowup in states and a linear blowup in the number of pairs. An exponential lower bound is already known. The previous best construction was double exponential. The present result permits exponentially improved essentially optimal decision procedures for various modal logics of programs. It also gives exponentially improved conversions between various kinds of omega automata.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Crystal growth and characterization of the pyrochlore Tb2Ti2O7 (2017)

Terbium titanate (Tb<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>) is a spin-ice material with remarkable magneto-optical properties.
Continued Fraction Analysis of the Duration of an Excursion in an M/M/∞ System (1998)

We show in this paper how the Laplace transform θ * of the duration θ of an excursion by the occupation process {Λ t } of an M / M /∞ system above a given threshold can be obtained by means of continued fraction analysis. The representation of θ * by a continued fraction is established and the [ m −1/ m ] Padé approximants are computed by means of well known orthogonal polynomials, namely associated Charlier polynomials. It turns out that the continued fraction considered is an S fraction and as a consequence the Stieltjes transform of some spectral measure. Then, using classic asymptotic expansion properties of hypergeometric functions, the representation of the Laplace transform θ * by means of Kummer's function is obtained. This allows us to recover an earlier result obtained via complex analysis and the use of the strong Markov property satisfied by the occupation process {Λ t }. The continued fraction representation enables us to further characterize the distribution of the random variable θ.
Opportunistic transmission exploiting frequency - and spatial-domain degrees of freedom (2014)

With increasing demand to support high-data- rate applications, spectral efficiency is becoming more and more important. To exploit limited spectrum efficiently, techniques, such as cognitive radio, device-to-device communications and heterogeneous networks, have been proposed. They make wireless networks more agile and flexible by allowing users/systems to coexist as a result of careful and dynamic planning. In this article, we provide an overview of opportunistic transmission schemes for the scenarios where some existing users/systems have to be protected while new ones can transmit. Schemes exploiting opportunities on frequency and spatial domains will be investigated. Some practical considerations, potential applications and future research topics will also be discussed.
Degeneracy Breaking of Wood’s Anomaly for Enhanced\nRefractive Index Sensing (2016)

We introduce an ultrasensitive detection technique for refractive index (RI)\nsensing based on an array of nanometer scale slot-antennas milled in a thin\ngold layer using a single lithographic step. Our experimental figures of merit\n(FOMs) of 140-210 in the telecom wavelength range approach the fundamental\nlimit for standard propagating SPR sensors (~250).The underlying mechanism\nenabling this is the combination of a narrowband resonance of the slot-antennas\nwith degeneracy breaking of Wood anomaly under slightly non-perpendicular\nillumination. In addition, we explore the sensitivity of the device to the\ndepth of the analyte layer. This concept can be easily tuned to any desired\nwavelength and RI range by modifying the slot dimensions and the array spacing,\nthus rendering it highly useful for numerous sensing applications.\n
Active polarizer dimmable lens system (2018)

Abstract Display units that utilize a dimmable smart lens may be utilized to reduce the required display luminance compared with a smoked neutral density lens to provide a hidden display appearance. A lens configuration that utilizes an active polarizer in conjunction with a linear polarizer is explored.
Supplementary Figures S1-S15 from High-Order Drug Combinations Are Required to Effectively Kill Colorectal Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;From images to synergies (S1); Reproducibility of data from two screens (S2); Single agent responses and selectivity (S3); Screen-wide comparison of Caspase 3/7 activation and growth inhibition (S4); Heatmaps of growth inhibition and Capase 3/7 activation, and examples of broadly synergistic combinations targeting RAS/MAPK and/or PI3K/AKT pathways (S5); Combinations targeting RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways at different nodes show similar efficacies (S6); Combinations involving RTKs (S7); Heatmaps of growth inhibition and Capase 3/7 activation, and examples of combinations targeting RAS/MAPK or PI3K/AKT pathways and other cellular processes (S8); Synergies of triple combination increase with synergies of underlying drug pairs (S9); Heatmap of synergies, growth inhibition, and Caspase 3/7 activation for triple combinations after hierarchical clustering (S10); Triple combinations targeting RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways (S11); Triple combinations targeting RAS/MAPK and/or PI3K/AKT pathways and other cellular processes (S12); Combination targeting MDM2 and MEK in p53 wild-type models (S13); Sequential treatment of p53 wild-type lines with triple combination targeting MDM2, MEK, and BCL-2/-XL (S14); High order combinations to kill 'robust' cell lines (S15).&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Bridgehead Intermediates in Organic Synthesis. A Reproducible Synthesis of Adamantane‐Containing Compounds. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Typical essential thrombocythaemia does not express bcr–abelson fusion transcript (2002)

Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) characterized by an elevated platelet count and no identifiable underlying primary cause. According to the diagnostic criteria of the Polycythemia Vera Study Group (PVSG), ET lacks features diagnostic for other MPDs, including the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) or bcr-abl rearrangement. Recently, some authors have reported bcr-abl transcript positivity in ET patients, but these findings remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the bcr-abl transcript could be found in ET patients and to verify the hypothesis of a new ET variant. ET patients (n = 121) with a median age at diagnosis of 55 years were enrolled. The bcr-abl transcript status was examined by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Only two cases were positive for bcr-abl, one of which had the Ph at diagnosis. The positive bcr-abl transcript was associated, in both cases, with mild basophilia at diagnosis. After a median follow-up of 43 months (0-309 months), two patients in the bcr-abl-negative group developed Ph and bcr-abl-negative acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). In contrast, one of the two patients in the bcr-abl-positive group died from AML 13 years after diagnosis. In conclusion, our data on a large group of patients shows the rarity of the bcr-abl transcript in well-established ET. However, a subset of patients with apparent ET and basophilia may express the transcript and may constitute a novel entity intermediate between chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and typical ET. A prospective study is warranted in order to define better the clinical and biological characteristics of bcr-abl-expressing ET.
Virtualization of heterogeneous machines hardware description in a synthesizable object-oriented language (2011)

Lime is a new Java-compatible and object-oriented language designed to make programming of reconflgurable hardware significantly more accessible to skilled software developers. Lime programs may run either in software (via Java bytecodes) or in hardware (via behavioral and logic synthesis). This paper illustrates the salient synthesis-oriented features of the language using a photo-mosaic algorithm with inherent bit, pipeline, and data parallelism. The result is a virtual machine abstraction that extends across a heterogeneous architecture comprising a CPU, FPGA, and other computational structures.
Final report for the DOE/NA22 project, Physics of Scintillator Nonproportionality (2018)

The energy resolution of current scintillators is known to be limited by the adverse impact of light yield nonproportionality. This effort aims to advance the understanding of the physics underlying nonproportionality sufficiently to enable breakthrough performance, by achieving energy resolution beyond the present limit of 2.5% at 662 keV. While we have formulated several mechanistic frameworks that quantitatively describe the basic processes and are able to deduce the impact on resolution (Figure 1), we are in the midst of developing theoretical means of knowing a priori which material properties mediate these intrinsic mechanisms. Addressing the experimental and theoretical challenges of elucidating these mechanisms, we aim to develop and apply a predictive model guiding the improvement of scintillator performance.
Light Scattering Experiments to Follow the Degradation Process of Hydroxethyl-Cellulose Due toTrichoderma ReeseiCellulase (1988)

Abstract The process of enzymatic degradation of the high-molecular hydroxyethyl-cellulose was followed by means of static low angle laser light scattering (static LALLS) which proved to be an excellent analytic method to obtain continuously an information about the decrease of the weight average molecular weight Mw without any manipulation of the substrate and enzyme, respectively. Moreover, due to the high sensitivity of LALLS the required substrate as well as enzyme concentration can be made much lower than needed for other physico-chemical techniques. For a kinetic treatment the experimentally obtained Mw-data must be converted to Mn-values in order to get the number of bonds broken as a function of time. Exploitation of a formal concept based on the assumption of random scission of bonds of an initially mono-disperse substrate would be one way to gain the number average molecular weight.
Temperature dependent current and charge trapping in thick SiO2/ZrO2 stacks (2003)

AbshfThe influence of charge trapping on the temperature dependence of leakage through thick SiOz/Z~02 stacks is investigated. Charge trapping measurements BS well as DC and pulsed IV measurements are used, showing that an apparent stmng temperature dependence of the leakage cmmnt can be explained by tunneling wherein temperature dependent trapped charge alters the effective barrier and therefore strongly influences the tunneling current. A weak temperature dependence of the current Ulmugh these stacks is obtained with pulsed memUremenlS.
Swallowing outcomes in patients with oropharyngeal cancer undergoing organ‐ preservation treatment (2013)

This study demonstrates that patients undergoing nonsurgical treatment for oropharyngeal SCC are at risk for posttreatment dysphagia. This suggests a need for dysphagia evaluation/management and refinement of interventions to minimize dysphagia.
Simultaneous FDG-PET/MRI detects hippocampal subfield metabolic differences in AD/MCI (2020)

The medial temporal lobe is one of the most well-studied brain regions affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the spread of neurofibrillary pathology in the hippocampus throughout the progression of AD has been thoroughly characterized and staged using histology and other imaging techniques, it has not been precisely quantified in vivo at the subfield level using simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we investigate alterations in metabolism and volume using [<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) and simultaneous time-of-flight (TOF) PET/MRI with hippocampal subfield analysis of AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy subjects. We found significant structural and metabolic changes within the hippocampus that can be sensitively assessed at the subfield level in a small cohort. While no significant differences were found between groups for whole hippocampal SUVr values (p = 0.166), we found a clear delineation in SUVr between groups in the dentate gyrus (p = 0.009). Subfield analysis may be more sensitive for detecting pathological changes using PET-MRI in AD compared to global hippocampal assessment.
A Collaborative Computer Aided Diagnosis (C-CAD) System with\n Eye-Tracking, Sparse Attentional Model, and Deep Learning (2018)

There are at least two categories of errors in radiology screening that can\nlead to suboptimal diagnostic decisions and interventions:(i)human fallibility\nand (ii)complexity of visual search. Computer aided diagnostic (CAD) tools are\ndeveloped to help radiologists to compensate for some of these errors. However,\ndespite their significant improvements over conventional screening strategies,\nmost CAD systems do not go beyond their use as second opinion tools due to\nproducing a high number of false positives, which human interpreters need to\ncorrect. In parallel with efforts in computerized analysis of radiology scans,\nseveral researchers have examined behaviors of radiologists while screening\nmedical images to better understand how and why they miss tumors, how they\ninteract with the information in an image, and how they search for unknown\npathology in the images. Eye-tracking tools have been instrumental in exploring\nanswers to these fundamental questions. In this paper, we aim to develop a\nparadigm shift CAD system, called collaborative CAD (C-CAD), that unifies both\nof the above mentioned research lines: CAD and eye-tracking. We design an\neye-tracking interface providing radiologists with a real radiology reading\nroom experience. Then, we propose a novel algorithm that unifies eye-tracking\ndata and a CAD system. Specifically, we present a new graph based clustering\nand sparsification algorithm to transform eye-tracking data (gaze) into a\nsignal model to interpret gaze patterns quantitatively and qualitatively. The\nproposed C-CAD collaborates with radiologists via eye-tracking technology and\nhelps them to improve diagnostic decisions. The C-CAD learns radiologists'\nsearch efficiency by processing their gaze patterns. To do this, the C-CAD uses\na deep learning algorithm in a newly designed multi-task learning platform to\nsegment and diagnose cancers simultaneously.\n
Photoinduced Hydrogen Production by Direct Electron Transfer from Photosystem I Cross-Linked with Cytochrome c3 to [NiFe]-Hydrogenase (2006)

The photosynthetic reaction center is an efficient molecular device for the conversion of light energy to chemical energy. In a previous study, we synthesized the hydrogenase/photosystem I (PSI) complex, in which Ralstonia hydrogenase was linked to the cytoplasmic side of Synechocystis PSI, to modify PSI so that it photoproduced molecular hydrogen (H2). In that study, hydrogenase was fused with a PSI subunit, PsaE, and the resulting hydrogenase-PsaE fusion protein was self-assembled with PsaE-free PSI to give the hydrogenase/PSI complex. Although the hydrogenase/PSI complex served as a direct light-to-H2 conversion system in vitro, the activity was totally suppressed by adding physiological PSI partners, ferredoxin (Fd) and ferredoxin-NADP+-reductase (FNR). In the present study, to establish an H2 photoproduction system in which the activity is not interrupted by Fd and FNR, position 40 of PsaE from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, corresponding to the Fd-binding site on PSI, was selected and targeted for the cross-linking with cytochrome c3 (cytc3) from Desulfovibrio vulgaris. The covalent adduct of cytc3 and PsaE was stoichiometrically assembled with PsaE-free PSI to form the cytc3/PSI complex. The NADPH production by the cytc3/PSI complex coupled with Fd and FNR decreased to approximately 20% of the original activity, whereas the H2 production by the cytc3/PSI complex coupled with hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris was enhanced 7-fold. Consequently, in the simultaneous presence of hydrogenase, Fd, and FNR, the light-driven H2 production by the hydrogenase/cytc3/PSI complex was observed (0.30 pmol Hz/mg chlorophyll/h). These results suggest that the cytc3/PSI complex may produce H2 in vivo.
The PYRIN Connection (2004)

Periodic fever syndromes (PFSs) comprise a subset of the hereditary autoinflammatory disorders that are defined by recurrent self-resolving attacks of systemic inflammatory reactions in the absence of infection or autoimmunity. Recent advances have led to the discovery that members of a new family of genes, the PYRIN family, account for several hereditary PFSs. Here we discuss new insights into the function of PYRIN proteins and the molecular basis of PFSs.
Combined Target-Based and Ligand-Based Drug Design Approach as a Tool To Define a Novel 3D-Pharmacophore Model of Human A3Adenosine Receptor Antagonists:  Pyrazolo[4,3-e]1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine Derivatives as a Key Study (2004)

A combined target-based and ligand-based drug design approach has been carried out to define a novel pharmacophore model of the human A(3) receptor antagonists. High throughput molecular docking and comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) have been used in tandem to assemble a new target based pharmacophore model. In parallel, to provide more accurate information about the putative binding site of these A(3) inhibitors, a rhodopsin-based model of the human A(3) receptor was built and a novel Y-shape binding motif has been proposed. Docking-based structure superimposition has been used to perform a quantitative study of the structure-activity relationships for binding of these pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidines to adenosine A(3) receptor using CoMFA. Both steric and the electrostatic contour plots obtained from the CoMFA analysis nicely fit on the hypothetical binding site obtained by molecular docking. On the basis of the combined hypothesis, we have designed, synthesized, and tested 17 new derivatives. Consistently, the predicted K(i) values were very close to the experimental values.
Dynamiques et enseignements de la dévolution (2010)

Une politique territoriale originale - Les raisons de l'évolution du modèle politique - La logique du processus de la devolution - La différenciation des systèmes politiques britanniques
Clustering 3D-structures of small amino acid chains for detecting dependences from their sequential context in proteins (2002)

In the past, a good number of rotamer libraries have been published, which allow a deeper understanding of the conformational behavior of amino acid residues in proteins. Since the number of available high-resolution X-ray protein structures has grown significantly over the last years, a more comprehensive analysis of the conformational behavior is possible today. In this paper, we present a method to compile a new class of rotamer libraries for detecting interesting relationships between residue conformations and their sequential context in proteins. The method is based on a new algorithm for clustering residue conformations. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we apply our algorithm to a library consisting of all 8000 tripeptide fragments formed by the 20 native amino acids. The analysis shows some very interesting new results, namely that some specific tripeptide fragments show some unexpected conformation of residues instead of the highly preferred conformation. In the neighborhood of two asparagine residues, for example, threonine avoids the conformation which is most likely to occur otherwise. The new insights obtained by the analysis are important in understanding the formation and prediction of secondary structure elements and will consequently be crucial for improving the state-of-the-art of protein folding.
Optimizing IGP link costs for improving IP-level resilience (2011)

Recently, major vendors have introduced new router platforms to the market that support fast IP-level failure protection out of the box. The implementations are based on the IP Fast ReRoute-Loop Free Alternates (LFA) standard. LFA is simple, unobtrusive, and easily deployable. This simplicity, however, comes at a severe price, in that LFA usually cannot protect all possible failure scenarios. In this paper, we give new graph theoretical tools for analyzing LFA failure case coverage and we seek ways for improvement. In particular, we investigate how to optimize IGP link costs to maximize the number of protected failure scenarios, we show that this problem is NP-complete even in a very restricted formulation, and we give exact and approximate algorithms to solve it. Our simulation studies show that a deliberate selection of IGP costs can bring many networks close to complete LFA-based protection.
Monoclonal antibodies against pertussis toxin subunits (1988)

By immunizing Balb/c mice with glutaraldehyde- inactivated pertussis toxin (PT), we obtained monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the PT subunits S1, S2 and S4. MAbs against subunit S5 were obtained by immunizing with the recombinant S5 subunit. Some of the MAbs against the subunit S1 were able to neutralize pertussis toxin in the Chinese hamster ovary cell assay. Recombinant fragments containing only parts of the S1 subunit were then used to map the epitopes recognized by the anti-S1 MAbs. We show that the non-protective MAb 6G7 recognizes an epitope centered at position 143 and that substitution of arginine 143 with threonine abolishes antibody binding.
A comparison of x-ray detectors for mouse CT imaging (2004)

There is significant interest in using computed tomography (CT) for in vivo imaging applications in mouse models of disease. Most commercially available mouse x-ray CT scanners utilize a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector coupled via fibre optic taper to a phosphor screen. However, there has been little research to determine if this is the optimum detector for the specific task of in vivo mouse imaging. To investigate this issue, we have evaluated four detectors, including an amorphous selenium (a-Se) detector, an amorphous silicon (a-Si) detector with a gadolinium oxysulphide (GOS) screen, a CCD with a 3:1 fibre taper and a GOS screen, and a CCD with a 2:1 fibre taper and both GOS and thallium-doped caesium iodide (CsI:Tl) screens. The detectors were evaluated by measuring the modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS), detective quantum efficiency (DQE), stability over multiple exposures, and noise in reconstructed CT images. The a-Se detector had the best MTF and the highest DQE (0.6 at 0 lp mm(-1)) but had the worst stability (45% reduction after 2000 exposure frames). The a-Si detector and the CCD with the 3:1 fibre, both of which used the GOS screen, had very similar performance with a DQE of approximately 0.30 at 0 lp mm(-1). For the CCD with the 2:1 fibre, the CsI:Tl screen resulted in a nearly two-fold improvement in DQE over the GOS screen (0.4 versus 0.24 at 0 lp mm(-1)). The CCDs both had the best stability, with less than a 1% change in pixel values over multiple exposures. The pixel values of the a-Si detector increased 5% over multiple exposures due to the effects of image lag. Despite the higher DQE of the a-Se detector, the reconstructed CT images acquired with the a-Si detector had lower noise levels, likely due to the blurring effects from the phosphor screen.