gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Performance Near-Infrared Absorbing n-Type Porphyrin Acceptor for Organic Solar Cells (2018)

While the outstanding charge transport and sunlight-harvesting properties of porphyrin molecules are highly attractive as active materials for organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, the development of n-type porphyrin-based electron acceptors has been challenging. In this work, we developed a high-performance porphyrin-based electron acceptor for OPVs by substitution of four naphthalene diimide (NDI) units at the perimeter of a Zn-porphyrin (P<sub>Zn</sub>) core using ethyne linkage. Effective π-conjugation between four NDI wings and the P<sub>Zn</sub> core significantly broadened Q-band absorption to the near infrared region, thereby achieving the narrow band gap of 1.33 eV. Employing a windmill-structured tetra-NDI substituted P<sub>Zn</sub>-based acceptor ( P<sub>Zn</sub>-TNDI) and mid-band gap polymer donor (PTB7-Th), the bulk heterojunction OPV devices achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.15% with an energy loss of 0.61 eV. The PCE of our P<sub>Zn</sub>-TNDI-based device was the highest among the reported OPVs using porphyrin-based acceptors. Notably, the amorphous characteristic of P<sub>Zn</sub>-TNDI enabled optimization of the device performance without using any additive, which should make industrial fabrication simpler and cheaper.
Design of a silicon nitride photonic crystal nanocavity with a Quality factor of one million for coupling to a diamond nanocrystal (2008)

A photonic crystal nanocavity with a Quality (Q) factor of 1.4 x 10(6), a mode volume of 0.78(lambda/n)(3), and an operating wavelength of 637 nm is designed in a silicon nitride (SiN(x)) ridge waveguide with refractive index of 2.0. The effect on the cavity Q factor and mode volume of single diamond nanocrystals of various sizes and locations embedded in the center and on top of the nanocavity is simulated, demonstrating that Q > 1 x 10(6) is achievable for realistic parameters. An analysis of the figures of merit for cavity quantum electrodynamics reveals that strong coupling between an embedded diamond nitrogen-vacancy center and the cavity mode is achievable for a range of cavity dimensions.
50 Gb/s short-reach interconnects with DSP-free direct-detection enabled by CAPS codes (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate 50 Gb/s transmission below an uncorrected bit error rate (BER) of 10<sup>-3</sup> in the C band over a transmission reach that extends from 0 to 20 km using combined amplitude and phase shift (CAPS) codes. The CAPS signal, which is not required to be specifically dispersion compensated for each reach within the 20 km operating range, is amenable for simple direct detection using a single photodetector without any subsequent digital signal processing (DSP). Hence, the presented solution constitutes a potentially attractive low cost solution for mobile Xhaul applications employing single mode fiber interconnects with reaches extending to 20 km. Furthermore, the CAPS signaling is compared to other modulation schemes all delivering 50 Gb/s and is found to outperform on-off-keying (OOK), 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) and dispersion precompensated OOK in terms of dispersion tolerance. At a lower reach of 10 km, the maximum bit rate that can be achieved using CAPS coding at a BER below 10<sup>-3</sup> is found to increase to 67 Gb/s. In addition, using the same testbed, we experimentally tested the IQ duobinary modulation format, which is an alternative format that approximates the CAPS transmitted waveforms in order to omit the need for a power consuming digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to generate the transmitted waveforms at the expense of slightly worse dispersion tolerance. Though the IQ duobinary format can be in principle generated using a simple DAC-less analog transmitter, our proof-of-concept experiment used a DAC to emulate the analog transmitter by generating the corresponding transmitted waveforms due to unavailability of all required analog parts. The IQ duobinary format was found experimentally to enable 50 Gb/s over a reach of ~17 km; that is slightly less than a CAPS signal at the same bit rate. Finally, we verified the excellent performance of the CAPS signaling in an ASE-limited regime where the CAPS signal achieved very low OSNR penalty after 10 km relative to OOK in back-to-back.
6-Formyl Umbelliferone, a Furanocoumarin from Angelica decursiva L., Inhibits Key Diabetes-Related Enzymes and Advanced Glycation End-Product Formation (2022)

Over the years, great attention has been paid to coumarin derivatives, a set of versatile molecules that exhibit a wide variety of biological activities and have few toxic side effects. In this study, we investigated the antidiabetic potential of 6-formyl umbelliferone (6-FU), a novel furanocoumarin isolated from <i>Angelica decursiva</i>. Numerous pharmacological activities of 6-FU have been previously reported; however, the mechanism of its antidiabetic activity is unknown. Therefore, we examined the action of 6-FU on a few candidate-signaling molecules that may underlie its antidiabetic activity, including its inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), α-glucosidase, human recombinant aldose reductase (HRAR), and advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.13 ± 0.12, 58.36 ± 1.02, 5.11 ± 0.21, and 2.15 ± 0.13 μM, respectively). A kinetic study showed that 6-FU exhibited mixed-type inhibition against α-glucosidase and HRAR and competitive inhibition of PTP1B. Docking simulations of 6-FU demonstrated negative binding energies and close proximity to residues in the binding pockets of those enzymes. We also investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying 6-FU's antidiabetic effects. 6-FU significantly increased glucose uptake and decreased PTP1B expression in insulin-resistant C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Moreover, 6-FU (0.8-100 μM) remarkably inhibited the formation of fluorescent AGEs in glucose-fructose-induced human serum albumin glycation over the course of 4 weeks. The findings clearly indicate that 6-FU will be useful in the development of multiple target-oriented therapeutic modalities for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related complications.
Design analysis of solder joint reliability for stacked die mixed flip-chip and wirebond BGA (2003)

Stacked die BGA has recently gained popularity in telecommunication applications. However, its board level solder joint reliability during the thermal cycling test is not as well-studied as common single die BGA. In this paper, solder joint fatigue of lead-free stacked die BGA with mixed flip-chip (FC) and wirebond (WB) interconnect is analyzed in detail. 3D fatigue model is established for stacked die BGA with considerations of detailed pad design, realistic shape of solder ball, and non-linear material properties. The fatigue model applied is based on a modified Darveaux's approach with non-linear viscoplastic analysis of solder joints. The critical solder ball is observed located between the top and bottom dice corner, and failure interface is along the top solder/pad interface. The modeling predicted fatigue life is first correlated to the thermal cycling test results using modified correlation constants, curve-fitted from in-house lead-free TFBGA46 (thin-profile fine-pitch BGA) thermal cycling test data. Subsequently, design analyses are performed to study the effects of 20 key design variations in package dimensions, material properties, and thermal cycling test conditions. In general, thinner PCB and mold compound, thicker substrate, larger top or bottom dice sizes, thicker top die, higher solder ball standoff, larger solder mask opening, smaller PCB pad size, smaller thermal cycling temperature range, longer ramp time, and shorter dwell time contribute to longer fatigue life. SnAgCu is a common lead-free solder, and it has much better board level reliability performance than eutectic solder.
Sodium nitrite in patients with peripheral artery disease and diabetes mellitus: Safety, walking distance and endothelial function (2013)

Nitrite stores decrease after exercise in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and diabetes represents decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability that may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and limit exercise duration. The primary objective of this placebo-controlled study was the safety and tolerability of multiple doses of oral sodium nitrite in patients with PAD, predominantly with diabetes, over a period of 10 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was endothelial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and secondary efficacy endpoints included a 6-minute walk test and quality of life assessment. Of the 55 subjects, the most common side effects attributed to sodium nitrite were a composite of headache and dizziness occurring in 21% with the 40 mg dose and 44% with the 80 mg dose. There was no clinically significant elevation of methemoglobin. FMD non-significantly worsened in the placebo and 40 mg groups, but was stable in the 80 mg group. Diabetic patients receiving 80 mg had significantly higher FMD compared with the placebo and 40 mg groups. There was no significant change in 6-minute walk test or quality of life parameters over time compared to placebo. In conclusion, sodium nitrite therapy is well tolerated in patients with PAD. The possible clinical benefit of sodium nitrite should be studied in a larger and fully powered trial.
465: Proposal for a Correction of the AJCC Staging System for Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Radical Prostatectomy (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium 17, Sunday, May 20, 2007, 1:00 - 3:00 pm1 Apr 2007465: Proposal for a Correction of the AJCC Staging System for Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Radical Prostatectomy Andrea Gallina, Jochen Walz, Claudio Jeldres, Marco Raber, Eric A. Klein, Alwyn M. Reuther, James A. Eastham, Peter T. Scardino, Francesco Montorsi, Fred Saad, Markus Graefen, Hartwig Huland, and Pierre I. Karakiewicz Andrea GallinaAndrea Gallina More articles by this author , Jochen WalzJochen Walz More articles by this author , Claudio JeldresClaudio Jeldres More articles by this author , Marco RaberMarco Raber More articles by this author , Eric A. KleinEric A. Klein More articles by this author , Alwyn M. ReutherAlwyn M. Reuther More articles by this author , James A. EasthamJames A. Eastham More articles by this author , Peter T. ScardinoPeter T. Scardino More articles by this author , Francesco MontorsiFrancesco Montorsi More articles by this author , Fred SaadFred Saad More articles by this author , Markus GraefenMarkus Graefen More articles by this author , Hartwig HulandHartwig Huland More articles by this author , and Pierre I. KarakiewiczPierre I. Karakiewicz More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30718-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "465: Proposal for a Correction of the AJCC Staging System for Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Radical Prostatectomy." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 156 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 156 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Andrea Gallina More articles by this author Jochen Walz More articles by this author Claudio Jeldres More articles by this author Marco Raber More articles by this author Eric A. Klein More articles by this author Alwyn M. Reuther More articles by this author James A. Eastham More articles by this author Peter T. Scardino More articles by this author Francesco Montorsi More articles by this author Fred Saad More articles by this author Markus Graefen More articles by this author Hartwig Huland More articles by this author Pierre I. Karakiewicz More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Slow Cone Reflectance Changes during Bleaching Determined by Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope in Living Human Eyes (2015)

To investigate the changes in the reflectance of human cone photoreceptors by an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AO-SLO) during photobleaching. A custom-built AO-SLO with an observation light of 840-nm was used to measure the cone densities and the reflectance changes during bleaching by 630 nm red light emitting diodes. Measurements were made at 1° and 3° temporal to the fovea within an area of 1° × 1° in 8 eyes of 8 normal subjects. After dark-adaptation, images of the cone mosaics were recorded continuously for 5-min before, 5-min during, and after 5-min of light stimulation with a sampling rate of 5-Hz. The first positive peak (P1) was observed at 72.2 ± 15.0-s and a second positive peak (P2) at 257.5 ± 34.5-s at 1°. The increase of the reflectance of P1 was significantly larger at 1° (34.4 ± 13.9%) than at 3° (26.0 ± 10.5%; P = 0.03, Wilcoxon's signed rank test). The average cone density at 1° (51123.13 ± 1401.23 cells/mm2) was significantly larger than that at 3° (30876.13 ± 1459.28 cells/mm2; P <0.001, Wilcoxon's signed rank test). The changes in the reflectance of the cones during bleaching by red light had two peaks. The two peaks may be caused by regeneration of cone photopigment during bleaching.
Al-2.50 Electron-Beam Resist (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Quaternary Carbon Stereogenic Centers through Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Substitutions with Readily Accessible Aryl‐ or Heteroaryllithium Reagents and Aluminum Chlorides (2010)

The case of the notorious aryls is solved: The first efficient catalytic and enantioselective method for allylic substitutions that furnish quaternary carbon stereogenic centers by additions of aryl- or heteroarylmetals is reported (see scheme). Highly site- and enantioselective processes begin with readily available organolithium reagents. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tyrosine kinase receptor c‐ros‐oncogene 1 inhibition alleviates aberrant bone formation of TWIST‐1 haploinsufficient calvarial cells from Saethre–Chotzen syndrome patients (2018)

Saethre–Chotzen syndrome (SCS), associated with TWIST‐1 mutations, is characterized by premature fusion of cranial sutures. TWIST‐1 haploinsufficiency, leads to alterations in suture mesenchyme cellular gene expression patterns, resulting in aberrant osteogenesis and craniosynostosis. We analyzed the expression of the TWIST‐1 target, Tyrosine kinase receptor c‐ros‐oncogene 1 ( C‐ROS‐1 ) in TWIST‐1 haploinsufficient calvarial cells derived from SCS patients and calvaria of Twist‐1 del/+ mutant mice and found it to be highly expressed when compared to TWIST‐1 wild‐type controls. Knock‐down of C‐ROS‐1 expression in TWIST‐1 haploinsufficient calvarial cells derived from SCS patients was associated with decreased capacity for osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, treatment of human SCS calvarial cells with the tyrosine kinase chemical inhibitor, Crizotinib, resulted in reduced C‐ROS‐1 activity and the osteogenic potential of human SCS calvarial cells with minor effects on cell viability or proliferation. Cultured human SCS calvarial cells treated with Crizotinib exhibited a dose‐dependent decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity and mineral deposition, with an associated decrease in expression levels of Runt‐related transcription factor 2 and OSTEOPONTIN , with reduced PI3K/Akt signalling in vitro. Furthermore, Crizotinib treatment resulted in reduced BMP‐2 mediated bone formation potential of whole Twist‐1 del/+ mutant mouse calvaria organotypic cultures. Collectively, these results suggest that C‐ROS‐1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of TWIST‐1 haploinsufficient calvarial osteogenic progenitor cells. Furthermore, the aberrant osteogenic potential of these cells is inhibited by the reduction of C‐ROS‐1. Therefore, targeting C‐ROS‐1 with a pharmacological agent, such as Crizotinib, may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to alleviate craniosynostosis associated with aberrant TWIST‐1 function.
Mean FDE Models for Internet Congestion Control Under a Many-Flows Regime (2004)

Congestion control algorithms used in the Internet are difficult to analyze or simulate on a large scale, i.e., when there are large numbers of nodes, links, and sources in a network. The reasons for this include the complexity of the actual implementation of the algorithm and the randomness introduced in the packet arrival and service processes due to many factors such as arrivals and departures of sources and uncontrollable short flows in the network. To make the analysis or simulation tractable, often deterministic fluid approximations of these algorithms are used. These approximations are in the form of either deterministic delay differential equations, or more generally, deterministic functional-differential equations (FDEs). In this paper, we ignore the complexity introduced by the window-based implementation of such algorithms and focus on the randomness in the network. We justify the use of deterministic models for proportionally-fair congestion controllers under a limiting regime where the number of flows in a network is large.
A Bifunctional Regulatory Element in Human Somatic Wee1 Mediates Cyclin A/Cdk2 Binding and Crm1-Dependent Nuclear Export (2009)

Sophisticated models for the regulation of mitotic entry are lacking for human cells. Inactivating human cyclin A/Cdk2 complexes through diverse approaches delays mitotic entry and promotes inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1 on tyrosine 15, a modification performed by Wee1. We show here that cyclin A/Cdk2 complexes physically associate with Wee1 in U2OS cells. Mutation of four conserved RXL cyclin A/Cdk binding motifs (RXL1 to RXL4) in Wee1 diminished stable binding. RXL1 resides within a large regulatory region of Wee1 that is predicted to be intrinsically disordered (residues 1 to 292). Near RXL1 is T239, a site of inhibitory Cdk phosphorylation in Xenopus Wee1 proteins. We found that T239 is phosphorylated in human Wee1 and that this phosphorylation was reduced in an RXL1 mutant. RXL1 and T239 mutants each mediated greater Cdk phosphorylation and G(2)/M inhibition than the wild type, suggesting that cyclin A/Cdk complexes inhibit human Wee1 through these sites. The RXL1 mutant uniquely also displayed increased nuclear localization. RXL1 is embedded within sequences homologous to Crm1-dependent nuclear export signals (NESs). Coimmunoprecipitation showed that Crm1 associated with Wee1. Moreover, treatment with the Crm1 inhibitor leptomycin B or independent mutation of the potential NES (NESm) abolished Wee1 nuclear export. Export was also reduced by Cdk inhibition or cyclin A RNA interference, suggesting that cyclin A/Cdk complexes contribute to Wee1 export. Somewhat surprisingly, NESm did not display increased G(2)/M inhibition. Thus, nuclear export of Wee1 is not essential for mitotic entry though an important functional role remains likely. These studies identify a novel bifunctional regulatory element in Wee1 that mediates cyclin A/Cdk2 association and nuclear export.
Erratum: Cavity Cooling of an Ensemble Spin System [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 050501 (2014)] (2014)

Received 16 May 2014DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.229901© 2014 American Physical Society
1.3 pm InAsyP1 -,-InP Strained-Layer Quantum-Well Laser Diodes Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1993)

~,-InP strained-layer quantum wells using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and the low threshold operation of novel 1.3 pm InAs,P, - ,-InP strained-layer quantum-well laser diodes (SL-QW LD’s) with separate-confinement heterostructure (SCH). Growth temperature has been investigated in terms of the crystal quality of a grown layer using full width at half maximum (FWHM) of low temperature (77 K) photoluminescence (PL). As a result, growth temperature around 550°C, which is lower than that of GaInAsP-InP (600°C), has been found to obtain good crystal quality. The critical thickness is determined to be about 30 nm from the PL and transmission electron microscopy measurements for the case of y = 0.55, corresponding to the amount strain of 1.77%. The FWHM of room temperature PL of the InAso,55P,,,5-InP strained-layer double-quantum-well (DQW) laser structure was as narrow as 30.1 meV, which is 3/4 of lattice matched 1.3 pm GaInAsPInP quantum well, with a peak wavelength of 1.29 pm. The threshold current density of 0.41 kA/cm2 was obtained on 100 pm wide broad contact SL-DQW LD’s with a cavity length of 900 pm. A very low threshold current of 1.8 mA was obtained in an all hIOCVD grown 200 pm long buried heterostructure SCH-DQW LD with high reflective coating. The maximum CW operating temperature of 120°C was obtained with a low threshold current of 36 mA. The characteristic temperature was 62 K in the temperature range of 20 to 60°C. A very small turnon delay time of 200 ps was measured for a 1.8 mA threshold LD when 30 mA modulation pulse current is applied without any bias.
High Reliability Fiber Optic Data Link (1984)

Fiber optic data transmission systems, having many merits, are applied over a variety of areas due to the rapid advance of electronics technology.
Größere Möglichkeiten für die NMR‐Spektroskopie durch Mikrospulenprobenköpfe (2006)

Abstract Die Kapillar‐NMR(CapNMR)‐Spektroskopie erhöht die Mengenempfindlichkeit der NMR‐spektroskopischen Analyse und ermöglicht ihre Kombination mit anderen Analysetechniken. CapNMR‐Spektroskopie bietet nicht nur eine höhere Empfindlichkeit, sondern liefert für niedermolekulare Verbindungen in vielen Fällen auch Spektren besserer Qualität als herkömmliche Verfahren. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beschreibt den aktuellen Stand der CapNMR‐Technologie sowie ihrer Anwendungen zur Charakterisierung von niedermolekularen Verbindungen und Proteinen bei begrenzten Probenmengen, das schnelle Screening von Bibliotheken aus niedermolekularen Verbindungen oder Proteinen sowie die Kombination von CapNMR‐Spektroskopie mit anderen Analysemethoden.