gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Next-generation resorbable polymer scaffolds with surface-precipitated calcium phosphate coatings (2015)

Next-generation synthetic bone graft therapies will most likely be composed of resorbable polymers in combination with bioactive components. In this article, we continue our exploration of E1001(1k), a tyrosine-derived polycarbonate, as an orthopedic implant material. Specifically, we use E1001(1k), which is degradable, nontoxic, and osteoconductive, to fabricate porous bone regeneration scaffolds that were enhanced by two different types of calcium phosphate (CP) coatings: in one case, pure dicalcium phosphate dihydrate was precipitated on the scaffold surface and throughout its porous structure (E1001(1k) + CP). In the other case, bone matrix minerals (BMM) such as zinc, manganese and fluoride were co-precipitated within the dicalcium phosphate dihydrate coating (E1001(1k) + BMM). These scaffold compositions were compared against each other and against ChronOS (Synthes USA, West Chester, PA, USA), a clinically used bone graft substitute (BGS), which served as the positive control in our experimental design. This BGS is composed of poly(lactide co-ε-caprolactone) and beta-tricalcium phosphate. We used the established rabbit calvaria critical-sized defect model to determine bone regeneration within the defect for each of the three scaffold compositions. New bone formation was determined after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks by micro-computerized tomography (μCT) and histology. The experimental tyrosine-derived polycarbonate, enhanced with dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, E1001(1k) + CP, supported significant bone formation within the defects and was superior to the same scaffold containing a mix of BMM, E1001(1k) + BMM. The comparison with the commercially available BGS was complicated by the large variability in bone formation observed for the laboratory preparations of E1001(1k) scaffolds. At all time points, there was a trend for E1001(1k) + CP to be superior to the commercial BGS. However, only at the 6-week time point did this trend reach statistical significance. Detailed analysis of the μCT data suggested an increase in bone formation from 2 through 12 weeks in implant sites treated with E1001(1k) + CP. At 2 and 4 weeks post-implantation, bone formation occurred at the interface where the E1001(1k) + CP scaffold was in contact with the bone borders of the implant site. Thereafter, during weeks 6, 8 and 12 bone formation progressed throughout the E1001(1k) + CP test implants. This trend was not observed with E1001(1k) + BMM scaffolds or the clinically used BGS. Our results suggest that E1001(1k) + CP should be tested further for osteoregenerative applications.
Design and 3-D electric field simulation of a calculable capacitor (2009)

A new calculable capacitor with an operating range of 0.1 pF is being developed at NIST. Reduced uncertainty for displacement measurements, enabled by employing tunable laser based Fabry-Perot interferometers, will allow a considerably more compact design, minimizing errors from mechanical sources. Using 3-D electric field simulations, we have also estimated errors resulting from mechanical imperfections.
Comparison of adequate relief with symptom, global, and responder endpoints in linaclotide phase 3 trials in IBS‐C (2014)

AR bridges IBS-C clinical trials, putting into perspective the disparate primary endpoints recommended by professional societies and regulatory authorities, and allowing researchers, practitioners, and regulators to compare trial results.
Reaction Mass Pendulum (RMP): An explicit model for centroidal angular momentum of humanoid robots (2007)

A number of conceptually simple but behavior-rich "inverted pendulum" humanoid models have greatly enhanced the understanding and analytical insight of humanoid dynamics. However, these models do not incorporate the robot's angular momentum properties, a critical component of its dynamics. We introduce the reaction mass pendulum (RMP) model, a 3D generalization of the better-known reaction wheel pendulum. The RMP model augments the existing models by compactly capturing the robot's centroidal momenta through its composite rigid body (CRB) inertia. This model provides additional analytical insights into legged robot dynamics, especially for motions involving dominant rotation, and leads to a simpler class of control laws. In this paper we show how a humanoid robot of general geometry and dynamics can be mapped into its equivalent RMP model. A movement is subsequently mapped to the time evolution of the RMP. We also show how an "inertia shaping" control law can be designed based on the RMP.
Using Transformer Parasitics for Resonant Converters—A Review of the Calculation of the Stray Capacitance of Transformers (2008)

Parasitic capacitances of conventional transformers can be used as resonant elements in resonant DC-DC converters in order to reduce the overall system size. For predicting the values of the parasitic capacitors without building the transformer different approaches for calculating these capacitances are compared. A systematic summary of the known approaches is given and missing links between the different theories and missing equations are added. Furthermore, a new simple procedure for modeling parasitic capacitances that is based on the known approaches is proposed. The resulting equations are verified by measurements on four different high voltage transformers.
Looktel --- computer vision applications for the visually impaired (2013)

Omadacycline is a novel oral option for the treatment of <i>M abscessus</i> disease, for which safe and effective options are needed. Although this case series is promising, further data are required to determine omadacycline's definitive role in the treatment of <i>M abscessus</i> disease.
All-Optical Tunable Wavelength Shifting of a 128-Gbit/s 64-QAM Signal (2012)

Wavelength shifting of a 21.4-Gbaud 64-QAM signal is achieved using Bragg scattering with dither-free pumping in a longitudinally stressed highly nonlinear silica fiber. Three wavelengths over a 10-nm tuning range centered on a 24-nm shift are demonstrated with a penalty of less than 2 dB at a BER of 10-3.
Label-free tracking of single extracellular vesicles in a nano-fluidic optical fiber(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Background: Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, are abundantly present in human body fluids. Since the size, concentration and composition of these vesicles change during disease, vesicles have promising clinical applications, including cancer diagnosis. However, since ~70% of the vesicles have a diameter &lt;70 nm, detection of single vesicles remains challenging. Thus far, vesicles &lt;70 nm have only be studied by techniques that require the vesicles to be adhered to a surface. Consequently, the majority of vesicles have never been studied in their physiological environment. We present a novel label-free optical technique to track single vesicles &lt;70 nm in suspension. Method: Urinary vesicles were contained within a single-mode light-guiding silica fiber containing a 600 nm nano-fluidic channel. Light from a diode laser (660 nm wavelength) was coupled to the fiber, resulting in a strongly confined optical mode in the nano-fluidic channel, which continuously illuminated the freely diffusing vesicles inside the channel. The elastic light scattering from the vesicles, in the direction orthogonal to the fiber axis, was collected using a microscope objective (NA=0.95) and imaged with a home-built microscope. Results: We have tracked single urinary vesicles as small as 35 nm by elastic light scattering. Please note that vesicles are low-refractive index (n&lt;1.4) particles, which we confirmed by combining data on thermal diffusion and light scattering cross section. Conclusions: For the first time, we have studied vesicles &lt;70 nm freely diffusing in suspension. The ease-of-use and performance of this technique support its potential for vesicle-based clinical applications.
Long-Term Vacuum-Assisted Closure in Open Abdomen due to Secondary Peritonitis: A Retrospective Evaluation of a Selected Group of Patients (2010)

If fascial closure cannot be accomplished within the first days, patients show a dramatically lower fascial closure and an increased complication rate with VAC. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether this subgroup really benefits from VAC.
Aspect ratio considerations for flat bottom hole defects in active thermography (2017)

Flaw detection capability of a Thermographic NDT system is often characterised using machined Flat-Bottom Holes (FBH) to simulate defects. For large diameter to depth (aspect) ratios, the FBH is typically indicated by the emergence of a localised hot spot in the IR image sequence. The FBH initially behaves identically to an extended adiabatic interface, allowing the centre-point depth to be determined using a one-dimensional model, before three-dimensional effects become dominant. However, for FBH with smaller aspect ratios, three-dimensional effects become dominant increasingly early, disrupting depth measurement using one-dimensional techniques. The dependence of these three-dimensional effects on aspect ratio is evident in the first and second logarithmic derivatives obtained through Thermographic Signal Reconstruction® (TSR®), when viewed using the Fourier number, and can be used to produce a simple model of FBH centre-point cooling behaviour. In both numerical modelling and experimental results, the maximum values of the logarithmic derivatives indicate the transition between one-dimensional adiabatic behaviour and the low aspect ratio regime, which occurs at an aspect ratio of ~9. At aspect ratios below 9, the one-dimensional depth measurement accuracy decreases proportionally with aspect ratio and the composition of a flaw cannot be reliably determined from a single pixel.
The effect of TGF-beta1 on differential gene expression profiles in human corneal epithelium studied by cDNA expression array. (2001)

TGF-beta1 regulates the expression of specific types of genes in HCECs. These results strongly suggest that TGF-beta1 is critically involved in the maintenance of the corneal epithelium through the control of a network of various signal-transduction pathways.
Computerized Longitudinal Tomography (CLT) with a Bilateral Collimator (1980)

A nuclear Medicine imaging system which yields Longitudinal tomographic slices through an object is presented. The system consists of a dual view parallel hole (Bilateral) collimator, a gamma camera and a minicomputer. The bilateral collimator enables one to acquire two projections of the object simultaneously. After one position, the collimator is rotated with respect to the camera face to obtain another pair of projections of the object at the new angle. After a sufficient number of projections are taken, longitudinal slices through the object at any depth are reconstructed using the minicomputer interfaced to the camera. Phantom and patient data are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the system.
Correction to Metadynamics Simulations Distinguish Short- and Long-Residence-Time Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVErratumNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Metadynamics Simulations Distinguish Short- and Long-Residence-Time Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8Donatella Callegari, Alessio Lodola*, Daniele Pala, Silvia Rivara, Marco Mor*, Andrea Rizzi, and Anna Maria CapelliCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2017, 57, 2, 386Publication Date (Web):February 2, 2017Publication History Published online2 February 2017Published inissue 27 February 2017https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00045Copyright © 2017 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views620Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (210 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Negotiated Revealing of Trader Credentials in e-Marketplaces mediated by Trusted and Privacy-aware Admittance Controllers (2001)

negotiation, admittance, B2B, e-marketplace, trust, privacy, trust service, credentials The rise of e-marketplaces on the Internet is going to bring a broad new set of business opportunities to enterprises and customers at a fraction of the physical-world costs. However, to be really successful, these e-marketplaces must be open, trusted, fair and transparent. They must be able to convey on-line the same feeling of trust, security and privacy that traditional marketplaces do. This has implication on three critical aspects: the decisions to be made about membership of traders; their admissibility to negotiations; the controls over the negotiation processes. In this paper we discuss a novel method for automating the admittance to negotiation within marketplaces consistently with traders ’ privacy requirements.
Volterra Accentuated Non-Linear Dynamical Admittance (VANYA) to model Deforestation: An Exemplification from the Amazon Rainforest (2023)

Intelligent automation supports us against cyclones, droughts, and seismic events with recent technology advancements. Algorithmic learning has advanced fields like neuroscience, genetics, and human-computer interaction. Time-series data boosts progress. Challenges persist in adopting these approaches in traditional fields. Neural networks face comprehension and bias issues. AI's expansion across scientific areas is due to adaptable descriptors and combinatorial argumentation. This article focuses on modeling Forest loss using the VANYA Model, incorporating Prey Predator Dynamics. VANYA predicts forest cover, demonstrated on Amazon Rainforest data against other forecasters like Long Short-Term Memory, N-BEATS, RCN.
Overexpression of Hepatic Lipase in Transgenic Mice Decreases Apolipoprotein B-containing and High Density Lipoproteins (1998)

To determine the mechanisms by which human hepatic lipase (HL) contributes to the metabolism of apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins (HDL) in vivo, we developed and characterized HL transgenic mice. HL was localized by immunohistochemistry to the liver and to the adrenal cortex. In hemizygous (hHLTg+/0) and homozygous (hHLTg+/+) mice, postheparin plasma HL activity increased by 25- and 50-fold and plasma cholesterol levels decreased by 80% and 85%, respectively. In mice fed a high fat, high cholesterol diet to increase endogenous apoB-containing lipoproteins, plasma cholesterol decreased 33% (hHLTg+/0) and 75% (hHLTg+/+). Both apoB-containing remnant lipoproteins and HDL were reduced. To extend this observation, the HL transgene was expressed in human apoB transgenic (huBTg) and apoE-deficient (apoE-/-) mice, both of which have high plasma levels of apoB-containing lipoproteins. (Note that the huBTg mice that were used in these studies were all hemizygous for the human apoB gene.) In both the huBTg,hHLTg+/0 mice and the apoE-/-,hHLTg+/0 mice, plasma cholesterol decreased by 50%. This decrease was reflected in both the apoB-containing and the HDL fractions. To determine if HL catalytic activity is required for these decreases, we expressed catalytically inactive HL (HL-CAT) in apoE-/- mice. The postheparin plasma HL activities were similar in the apoE-/- and the apoE-/-,HL-CAT+/0 mice, reflecting the activity of the endogenous mouse HL and confirming that the HL-CAT was catalytically inactive. However, the postheparin plasma HL activity was 20-fold higher in the apoE-/-,hHLTg+/0 mice, indicating expression of the active human HL. Immunoblotting demonstrated high levels of human HL in postheparin plasma of both apoE-/-,hHLTg+/0 and apoE-/-,HL-CAT+/0 mice. Plasma cholesterol and apoB-containing lipoprotein levels were approximately 60% lower in apoE-/-,HL-CAT+/0 mice than in apoE-/- mice. However, the HDL were only minimally reduced. Thus, the catalytic activity of HL is critical for its effects on HDL but not for its effects on apoB-containing lipoproteins. These results provide evidence that HL can act as a ligand to remove apoB-containing lipoproteins from plasma.
Sex-Dimorphic Association of Plasma Fatty Acids with Cardiovascular Fitness in Young and Middle-Aged General Adults: Subsamples from NHANES 2003–2004 (2018)

To explore the potential association of plasma fatty acids (FAs) and cardiovascular fitness level (CVFL), data of 449 subjects from 2003⁻2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Among these 249 men and 200 women, aged 20⁻50 years (33.4 ± 8.4 year, mean ± Standard Deviation), 79 low, 166 moderate and 204 high CVFL were categorized by age- and gender- specific percentile, respectively. Twenty-four fatty acids were quantified from fasting plasma. Higher levels of 2 very long-chain saturated FAs (VLSFAs): Arachidic acid (AR1, C20:0) and Docosanoic acid (DA1, C22:0) as well as 2 <i>n</i>-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs): Arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4<i>n</i>-6) and Docosatetraenoic acid (DTA, C22:4<i>n</i>-6) were observed in the subjects with low CVFL. Notably this association exists only in men. Estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2max</sub>), the marker for cardiorespiratory fitness, was used for further regression analysis. After the adjustment of potential confounding factors (age, smoking, hypertension status, body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance status, and C-reactive protein (CRP), AA was the only FA correlated with low VO<sub>2max</sub> in women; while in men AR1, DA1, AA, and DTA remain negatively associated with VO<sub>2max</sub>. This preliminary analysis suggests a sex-dimorphic relationship between these plasma VLSFAs and <i>n</i>-6 PUFAs with CVFL and merits further investigation.
Observations of density variations in trapped atoms (1989)

We have demonstrated that a continuous supply of stow atoms can be produced using a strong standing wave laser field collinear with an atomic beam. Using an interaction length of 27 cm, we typically obtained an atomic beam with a density of ~1 × 10−8cm−3, a most probable velocity of 12 m/s, and a width in velocity space of <12 m/s. We used such a cooled atomic beam to load a magnetic molasses trap.1 We found that the motion of atoms in the trap is not always diffusive but can be confined to very narrow channels, which can be curved and can extend over lengths of several millimeters. In addition, the fluorescence due to the trapped atoms was examined using an optical microscope, and we observed that there were strong spatial variations in the fluorescence. The variations had two distinct components: very regular striations due to interference between the trapping light fields and very irregular variations with a characteristic size scale, which was not strongly correlated with that of the interference fringes.
Driver Drowsiness Monitor from DELPHI (2004)

Abstract We present an automotive-grade, real-time, vision-based Driver Drowsiness Monitor . Upon detecting and trackingthe driver’s eyes, the system analyzes eye-closures to inferhis/her drowsiness. This information is used to warn thedriver and to modulate the actions of other safety systems.The purpose of this monitor is to increase road safety bypreventing drivers from falling asleep and to improve theeffectivenessof other safety systems. 1. Introduction Advanced automotive safety systems, such as DriverDrowsiness Monitor (DDM), are aimed at further reducingfatalities,injuries,anddamagesinroadaccidents,belowtheratesachievedbyuse ofrestrainingbelts andair bags[7,8].While the mandated installation of frontal and side airbagshas signiﬁcantly improved the road safety, even as recentlyas in 2000 and 2001, motor vehicle crashes were still theleading cause of death in children and people ages 4–34 inthe US [9, 10]. While published statistics vary, the gen-eral consensus is that drivers falling asleep cause too manyof the total number of accidents [3, 4]. It is estimated thatin the early 1990’s around 1550 fatalities annually resultedfrom drowsinessand fatigue related accidents [5, 6].While restraining belts and airbagshelp only in accidentmitigation,advancedsafetysystems willhaveanactiveroleinaccidentprevention. Inparticular,thepurposeofDDMisto prevent drivers from falling asleep and to provide inputsto other safety systems, thereby improving their effective-ness.Detection of drowsiness in drivers is a complex task,combiningexpertiseincomputervision, humanfactors,au-tomotive systems, mechanical, optical, electrical, and soft-ware engineering. In the following we provide only a rudi-mentarydescriptionoftherequirementsimposedbyhumanfactors and the automotive environmentand brieﬂy explainour answer to this challenge — an automotive-grade, real-time, vision-based,Driver Drowsiness Monitor (Figure 1).
SLID Bonding for Energy Dense Applications – Thermo-Mechanics (2012)

Solid-Liquid Inter-Diffusion (SLID) bonding is traditionally a technology used for high performance and high reliable die attach/interconnect applications. The generic properties of SLID allows the bonding to occur at a relatively low process temperature. However, when the bond is completed, the final joint has a melting point well above the process temperature. This makes it well suited as for high performance electronic assemblies. The typical bonding temperature of Cu-Sn SLID and Au-Sn SLID are 250–300 °C and 320–350 °C respectively. These temperatures compare to that of other high temperature (HT) electronic adhesives e.g. Staystik® 101G. The thermal performance of the SLID bond is superior to other electronic interface materials. This is due to the thin joint (∼ 10 μm) and the high thermal conductivity (∼ 60 W/m·K for Au-Sn). Thus, the thermal resistance of a SLID joint, about 2×10−3 cm2·K/W, is significantly lower than most other thermo-mechanical joints suitable for use in electronic assemblies. SLID joints have also proven to be mechanically robust for harsh environment applications. In this study the thermo-mechanical properties of large Cu-Sn SLID bond are investigated. Simulations are performed to explore the stationary thermo-mechanical performance of the joint. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to perform the simulations. The study is based on a case study involving a HT (&amp;gt; 200 °C) power controller device for a brushless DC motor for downhole applications. The effective strain was found to be high in the bond adjacent Cu layers but reasonably small, &amp;lt; 1%, within the joint itself.