gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation of plasmonic dipolar anti-bonding mode in silver nanoring structures (2009)

We report on a clear experimental observation of the plasmonic dipolar anti-bonding resonance in silver nanorings. The data can be explained effectively by the plasmon hybridization model, which is confirmed by the numerical calculations of the electromagnetic field and surface charge distribution profiles. The experimental demonstration of the plasmon hybridization model indicates its usefulness as a valuable tool to understand, design and predict optical properties of metallic nanostructures.
Circadian Feeding Drive of Metabolic Activity in Adipose Tissue and not Hyperphagia Triggers Overweight in Mice: Is There a Role of the Pentose-Phosphate Pathway? (2011)

High-fat (HF) diets trigger an increase in adipose tissue and body weight (BW) and disordered eating behavior. Our study deals with the hypothesis that circadian distribution of energy intake is more relevant for BW dynamics than diet composition. Four-week-old mice were exposed for 8 wk to a HF diet and compared with animals receiving control chow. HF mice progressively increased BW, decreased the amount of nocturnal (1800-0900 h) calories (energy or food intake) (30%) and increased diurnal (0900-1800 h) caloric intake (energy or food intake), although total daily intake was identical between groups. Animals were killed at 3-h intervals and plasma insulin, leptin, corticosterone, glucose, and fatty acid levels quantified. Adipose tissue was weighed, and enzymatic activities integral to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) assayed in lumbar adipose tissue. Phosphorylated AMP-dependent protein kinase and fatty acid synthase were quantified by Western blotting. In HF mice, there was a shift in the circadian oscillations of plasma parameters together with an inhibition of PPP activity and a decrease in phosphorylated AMP-dependent protein kinase and fatty acid synthase. In a second experiment, HF mice were forced to adhere to a circadian pattern of food intake similar to that in control animals. In this case, BW, adipose tissue, morning plasma parameters and PPP activity appeared to be normal. These data indicate that disordered feeding behavior can trigger BW gain independently of food composition and daily energy intake. Because PPP is the main source of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, we suggest that PPP inhibition might be an early marker of adipose dysfunction in diet-induced obesity.
Development of gas sensors for environmental protection (1995)

Principles and materials for three types of ceramic sensors to detect gaseous components related to environmental problems are briefly reviewed. Newly developed sensors, based on solid electrolytes or semiconducting oxides, are demonstrated for detecting oxygenic gases (CO/sub 2/, NO, NO/sub 3/, SO/sub x/, and O/sub 3/) and offensive odorants (NH/sub 3/ and H/sub 2/S). Particularly emphasized is the importance of Type III solid electrolyte sensors for oxygenic gases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Light-induced spectral changes in Rose Bengal endcapped polystyrene (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLight-induced spectral changes in Rose Bengal endcapped polystyreneS. N. Gupta, S. M. Linden, A. Wrzyszczynski, and D. C. NeckersCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 1, 51–55Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00179a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00179a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Editorials: Quest for V: Body Composition Could Determine Dialysis Dose (2007)

Since the demonstration that dialysis patients with lower body weight have a higher mortality than larger patients, there has been much interest in determining possible mechanisms and any possible relationships to the dialysis dose. Arguments have been made against using Kt/V(urea) as the basis for dialysis prescription. Efforts have been made to determine a parameter of dialysis delivery independent of body size. An emerging area of intense research interest has explored the body composition determinants of resting metabolic rate. Based on the knowledge of in vitro organ tissue energy production, newer high-resolution imaging methods have been applied as a means of establishing the sources of resting energy production in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, the linkages between resting energy expenditure (REE), body composition, and survival have not received much attention despite various studies exploring the effect of renal dysfunction and of the hemodialysis process on REE. We explore possible mechanisms leading to a higher mortality in smaller (lower body mass index) patients. The hypothesis of Morton and Singer is discussed. We have hypothesized that delivery of dialysis based on visceral organ volume (V(organ)), which could be the appropriate representation of uremic toxin generation, would be more logical than the current practice. This retains the concept of Kt/V but suggests that instead of the total V, a component related to major metabolic activity might represent the volume of interest. As per our hypothesis, smaller dialysis patients would need relatively a higher dialysis dose delivery, as expressed by current Kt/V, in order to achieve the same level of clearance of uremic toxins as in larger patients.
AB019. 2’-fucosyllactose: a common human milk oligosaccharide with uncommon effects (2018)

: Human milk (HM) is a complex matrix containing numerous unique components compared to infant formula. One such group of components, human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), is abundant in HM and only exceeded in amount by lipid and lactose. Of the various HMOs, the most predominant HMO in HM is commonly 2’-fucosyllactose (2’FL). The increased availability of selected synthesized HMOs in recent years has allowed for the opportunity to study the preclinical and clinical effects of some of these compelling oligosaccharides. This presentation will review the roles of 2’FL as well as reviewing the emerging science as it relates to the young infant. Preclinical work supports 2’FL as a prebiotic, immune modulator, and a potential anti-nociceptive by regulating colonic contractions in mice. Additionally, more recent emerging preclinical research in rodents supports that 2’FL enhances cognition via the gut-brain axis. Learning and memory skills in both young and adult rodents that are dependent on the integrity of the vagus nerve appear to be impacted by 2’FL feeding. Recent clinical research has revealed that infants fed infant formula with 2’FL during the first 4 months of life exhibited innate immune responses closer to those of HM-fed infants than did infants fed formula without 2’FL. This included decreased levels of circulating innate inflammatory cytokines IL-1ra, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in HM- and 2’FL formula-fed infants. Additionally, unlike those from infants fed formula without 2’FL, ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from HM- and 2’FL-fed infants had decreased concentrations of innate inflammatory cytokines IL-1ra, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ at 48 hours post respiratory syncytial virus infection. New preclinical and clinical work continues to reveal new functions of 2’FL. (Research funded by Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories).
A 2.5-µW Beyond-the-Rails Current Sensor With a Tunable Voltage Reference and ±0.6% Gain Error From −40 °C to +85 °C (2022)

This letter presents a low-power, fully-integrated current sensor for Coulomb-counting. It employs a hybrid delta-sigma modulator (ΔΣM) with a FIR-DAC to digitize the voltage drop across a shunt. The modulator’s 1st stage consists of a capacitively-coupled chopper amplifier, which enables a beyond-the-rails (-0.3 to 5 V) input common-mode voltage range from a 1.8 V supply. A tunable voltage reference is used to accurately compensate for the large temperature coefficient (∼ 3500 ppm/oC) of lowcost metal shunts. With a 20 mΩ on-chip shunt, ±2 A currents can be digitized with 0.35% gain error from -40 to 85 ∘C, after a 1-point trim. With a 3 mΩ PCB trace, currents up to ±15 A can be digitized with 0.6% gain error over the same temperature range. Fabricated in a standard 0.18 lm CMOS process, the sensor occupies 1.6 mm2 and consumes 2.5 μW, which is 3x less than the state-of-the-art. It also achieves competitive energy efficiency, with a Figure-of Merit (FoM) of 149 dB.
Significance of “Strands” on Mitral Mechanical Prostheses During Late Follow‐Up After Surgery (1996)

The presence of "strands" on mitral mechanical prostheses (MMP) has been described, although their significance has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and clinical implications of "strands" on MMP in late follow-up by a retrospective analysis of 320 consecutive patients who had undergone a transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) examination under standardized conditions 7 +/- 6 years after mitral surgery. Twenty patients (6.25%) with "strands," defined as highly mobile linear echogenic densities, were identified. This group was compared with a control group of 38 patients, matched for age, sex, and interval between surgery and TEE study, selected at random from this population. Patients with MMP dysfunction were excluded. Type of prosthesis, echographic characteristics (left atrial diameter, spontaneous echo contrast, ejection fraction), and anticoagulant status were not found to bear any relationship to the presence of strands. However, the prevalence of previous embolic events was significantly higher in the "strand" group (10/20 [50%]) than in the control group (7/38 [18.4%]) (P < 0.05). The "strand" group also contained more patients with a prior history of mitral prosthesis thrombosis (7/20 [35%] vs 1/30 [2.6%]; P < 0.05). However, long-term follow-up (1-4 years) was uneventful. These results suggest that: (1) in late follow-up, strands are rare in patients with MMP (6%); and (2) strands were related to previous thromboembolic episodes. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 13, May 1996)
An improved procedure for identifying and quantitating protein phosphatases in mammalian tissues (1989)

The type 2A protein phosphatases in mammalian tissue extracts are inhibited completely and specifically by 1-2 nM okadaic acid. In contrast, type 1 protein phosphatases are hardly affected at these concentrations, complete inhibition requiring 1 microM okadaic acid. These observations have been exploited to develop an improved procedure for the identification and quantitation of type 1, type 2A and type 2C protein phosphatases in tissue extracts.
Respiration of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene by Pseudomonas sp. Strain JLR11 (2000)

Under anoxic conditions Pseudomonas sp. strain JLR11 can use 2,4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) as the sole N source, releasing nitrite from the aromatic ring and subsequently reducing it to ammonium and incorporating it into C skeletons. This study shows that TNT can also be used as a terminal electron acceptor in respiratory chains under anoxic conditions by Pseudomonas sp. strain JLR11. TNT-dependent proton translocation coupled to the reduction of TNT to aminonitrotoluenes has been observed in TNT-grown cells. This extrusion did not occur in nitrate-grown cells or in anaerobic TNT-grown cells treated with cyanide, a respiratory chain inhibitor. We have shown that in a membrane fraction prepared from Pseudomonas sp. strain JLR11 grown on TNT under anaerobic conditions, the synthesis of ATP was coupled to the oxidation of molecular hydrogen and to the reduction of TNT. This phosphorylation was uncoupled by gramicidin. Respiration by Pseudomonas sp. strain JLR11 is potentially useful for the biotreatment of TNT in polluted waters and soils, particularly in phytorhizoremediation, in which bacterial cells are transported to the deepest root zones, which are poor in oxygen.
Tripartite Motif 22 (TRIM22) protein restricts herpes simplex virus 1 by epigenetic silencing of viral immediate-early genes (2021)

Intrinsic resistance is a crucial line of defense against virus infections, and members of the Tripartite Ring Interaction Motif (TRIM) family of proteins are major players in this system, such as cytoplasmic TRIM5α or nuclear promyelocytic leukemia (PML/TRIM19) protein. Previous reports on the antiviral function of another TRIM protein, TRIM22, emphasized its innate immune role as a Type I and Type II interferon-stimulated gene against RNA viruses. This study shows that TRIM22 has an additional intrinsic role against DNA viruses. Here, we report that TRIM22 is a novel restriction factor of HSV-1 and limits ICP0-null virus replication by increasing histone occupancy and heterochromatin, thereby reducing immediate-early viral gene expression. The corresponding wild-type equivalent of the virus evades the TRIM22-specific restriction by a mechanism independent of ICP0-mediated degradation. We also demonstrate that TRIM22 inhibits other DNA viruses, including representative members of the β- and γ- herpesviruses. Allelic variants in TRIM22 showed different degrees of anti-herpesviral activity; thus, TRIM22 genetic variability may contribute to the varying susceptibility to HSV-1 infection in humans. Collectively, these results argue that TRIM22 is a novel restriction factor and expand the list of restriction factors functioning in the infected cell nucleus to counter DNA virus infection.
A Bidirectional 2 ×2 Optical Switch Technique Using Absorption or Amplification Function of Erbium-Doped Fiber (2005)

A novel bidirectional 2 ×2 optical switch technique, based on conventional erbium-doped fibers (EDFs) that operate at a pumped or unpumped power level, is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. By using the amplification and absorption functions of EDFs and a simple architecture design, the input signals can be switched to a suitable port. The response time of wavelength switching approaches about 2 ms. Moreover, the behavior and system performance of the proposed configuration are also studied.
AHAR: Adaptive CNN for Energy-efficient Human Activity Recognition in Low-power Edge Devices (2021)

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is one of the key applications of health monitoring that requires continuous use of wearable devices to track daily activities. This paper proposes an Adaptive CNN for energy-efficient HAR (AHAR) suitable for low-power edge devices. Unlike traditional early exit architecture that makes the exit decision based on classification confidence, AHAR proposes a novel adaptive architecture that uses an output block predictor to select a portion of the baseline architecture to use during the inference phase. Experimental results show that traditional early exit architectures suffer from performance loss whereas our adaptive architecture provides similar or better performance as the baseline one while being energy-efficient. We validate our methodology in classifying locomotion activities from two datasets- Opportunity and w-HAR. Compared to the fog/cloud computing approaches for the Opportunity dataset, our baseline and adaptive architecture shows a comparable weighted F1 score of 91.79%, and 91.57%, respectively. For the w-HAR dataset, our baseline and adaptive architecture outperforms the state-of-the-art works with a weighted F1 score of 97.55%, and 97.64%, respectively. Evaluation on real hardware shows that our baseline architecture is significantly energy-efficient (422.38x less) and memory-efficient (14.29x less) compared to the works on the Opportunity dataset. For the w-HAR dataset, our baseline architecture requires 2.04x less energy and 2.18x less memory compared to the state-of-the-art work. Moreover, experimental results show that our adaptive architecture is 12.32% (Opportunity) and 11.14% (w-HAR) energy-efficient than our baseline while providing similar (Opportunity) or better (w-HAR) performance with no significant memory overhead.
Hollow Silica as an Optically Transparent and Thermally Insulating Polymer Additive (2015)

We present an improved synthesis route to hollow silica particles starting from tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) instead of the traditionally used ethyl ester. The silica was first deposited onto polystyrene (PS) particles that were later removed. The here introduced, apparently minor modification in synthesis, however, allowed for a very high purity material. The improved, low density hollow silica particles were successfully implemented into polymer films and permitted maintaining optical transparency while significantly improving the heat barrier properties of the composite. Mechanistic investigations revealed the dominant role of here used methanol as a cosolvent and its role in controlling the hydrolysis rate of the silicic ester, and subsequent formation of hollow silica particles. Systematic experiments using various reaction parameters revealed a transition between regions of inhomogeneous material production at fast hydrolysis rate and reliable silica deposition on the surface of PS as a core-shell structured particle. The shell-thickness was controlled from 6.2 to 17.4 nm by increasing TMOS concentration and the diameter from 95 to 430 nm through use of the different sizes of PS particles. Hollow silica particle with the shell-thickness about 6.2 nm displayed a high light transmittance intensity up to 95% at 680 nm (length of light path ∼ 1 cm). Polyethersulfone (PES)/hollow silica composite films (35 ± 5 μm thick) exhibited a much lower thermal conductivity (0.03 ± 0.005 W m·K(-1)) than pure polymer films. This indicates that the prepared hollow silica is able to be used for cost and energy effective optical devices requiring thermal insulation.
Ductile Concrete Material with Self-Healing Capacity for Jointless Concrete Pavement Use (2017)

The existence of joints in concrete pavement tends to cause many distresses and driving discomfort, thus resulting in high maintenance and shortened service life. This study achieved jointless function in concrete pavement by utilizing the high ductility and self-healing capacity of engineered cementitious composite (ECC). From the preliminary experimental results, ECC showed high strain capacity of 4.4% and deflection capacity of 7.9 mm under tension and bending, overcoming the brittleness of normal concrete. The flexural and compressive strengths of ECC are 12.2 and 45.8 MPa, respectively, which could meet the requirements of heavy-duty concrete pavement in accordance with design guidance in China. Under restrained shrinkage, ECC also shows a very low tendency to form fracture failure. In addition, the self-healing phenomenon is observed in ECC. Its stiffness, tensile strain capacity, tensile strength, and resonant frequency value show a very high recovery level after self-healing, nearly approaching that of virgin ECC of the same age. The water permeability coefficient of predamaged ECC decreases gradually with self-healing age, and eventually is close to that of the undamaged specimens. Based on the experimental results, it is concluded that ECC material, as expected, has the potential to be used in jointless concrete pavement.
Platinum‐ and Gold‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions of Hydroxylated Enynes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A non-axisymmetric, elongated pressure distribution in the lithotripter focal plane enhances stone comminution in vitro during simulated respiratory motion (2013)

A challenge in clinical shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is stone translation due to a patient’s respiratory motion, in a direction perpendicular to shockwave propagation, which may negatively affect stone comminution while increasing the risk of tissue injury. We have developed a method using external masks and a modified lens geometry to transform the axisymmetric pressure distribution in the focal plane of an electromagnetic lithotripter into a non-axisymmetric elliptical distribution. At equivalent acoustic pulse energy (46 mJ), the peak pressure was reduced from 44 MPa to 38 MPa while the −6 dB focal width was increased from 7.4 mm for the original to 11.7 mm (major axis) and 7.9 mm (minor axis) of the modified field. In vitro stone comminution was performed in a tube holder (d = 14 mm) using a translation pattern with 12 breaths per minute and 15 mm in excursion distance. Stone comminution after 1000 shocks are 71.2 ± 4.4% and 65.2 ±8.3% (p &amp;lt; 0.05) along the major- and minor-axis of the modified field, respectively, compared to 62.6 ± 7.2% for the original axisymmetric field. These results suggest that an elongated pressure field aligned along the direction of stone motion may enhance stone comminution in SWL. [Work supported by the NIH and the NSF GRFP.]
Femtosecond Dynamics of Molecular Reactions at Metal Surfaces (2006)

These lectures are an introduction to current research into photo-induced chemical reactions at metal surfaces. After an introduction to some qualitative quantum mechanics, we discuss the electronic and optical properties of metals, beginning from an introductory level. The Drude model is described in detail and then optical properties of matter are developed more completely by introducing band structures. The physics governing adsorption of reactants at a metal surface and other fundamental concepts in surface science are introduced. We describe the interaction with a subpicosecond laser pulse with a metal surface in preparation for discussion of some recent photochemistry experiments using subpicosecond laser pulses. The experiments address the nature of the photo-excited electrons that are responsible for chemical reaction of the adsorbates.
An X- and Ku-band multifunctional radar receiver based on photonic parametric sampling (2020)

We demonstrate a novel multifunctional radar receiver scheme based on photonic parametric sampling. The working principle of photonic parametric sampling based on four-wave mixing (FWM) process is presented. To experimentally verify the multifunctional feasibility, the scheme is individually implemented to carry out a four-channel phased array radar reception and a dual-band radar reception.