gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detailed magnetic dynamic behaviour of nanocomposite iron oxide aerogels (2005)

The magnetic properties of maghemite particles hosted in silica aerogel pores are studied in depth, with most of the focus on the magnetic relaxation mechanisms. It is shown that at room temperature, the system behaves as an ensemble of non-interacting superparamagnetic particles, indicating that particle aggregation can be avoided by using a sol?gel preparation method with supercritical drying. In the temperature range from 15 to 300?K the magnetic ac susceptibility ?(T) displays a broad peak that shifts to higher temperatures on increasing the ac applied field frequency. Transmission electron microscopy reveals acicular shaped maghemite particles exhibiting unimodal size distributions, from which energy barrier distributions can be inferred. The distribution of activation energies has been independently obtained from scaling plots of the frequency dependent out-of-phase ac susceptibility component using ?0 = 10?11?s. The value obtained is in agreement with the one derived from the particle size distribution. Combining the two distributions and assuming magnetic volume anisotropy, an effective anisotropy constant was determined for 5 ? 20?nm and 4 ? 20?nm average dimensions respectively. It is also shown that the temperature dependences of the relaxation time ? as obtained from N?el analysis of the magnetic absorption ?''(T,?) and Cole?Cole frequency dependence analysis are in good agreement with the value derived from M?ssbauer effect spectroscopy at room temperature.
CARDIO‐RENAL SYNDROMES (2010)

'Cardio-Renal syndromes' (CRS) are disorders of the heart and kidneys whereby acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction of the other. The current definition has been expanded into five subtypes whose etymology reflects the primary and secondary pathology, the time-frame and simultaneous cardiac and renal co-dysfunction secondary to systemic disease: CRS type I: acute worsening of heart function (AHF-ACS) leading to kidney injury and/or dysfunction. CRS type II: chronic abnormalities in heart function (CHF-CHD) leading to kidney injury or dysfunction. CRS type III: acute worsening of kidney function (AKI) leading to heart injury and/or dysfunction. CRS type IV: chronic kidney disease leading to heart injury, disease and/or dysfunction. CRS type V: systemic conditions leading to simultaneous injury and/or dysfunction of heart and kidney. These different subtypes may have a different pathophysiological mechanism and they may represent separate entities in terms of prevention and therapy.
<title>Architecture and building blocks for VME optical backplane bus</title> (1993)

To eliminate the intrinsic problem associated with electrical interconnects, processor-to- processor interconnects based on fiber optics are under development. The major bottleneck of fiber-based optical interconnects is their point-to-point characteristic which seriously limits their interconnectivity. As a result of the low interconnectivity, multiplexing/demultiplexing (e.g., 1:1024 and 1024:1) technology was employed to minimize optical channels. This approach significantly reduces the bandwidth of the data transfer rate. Moreover, it is incompatible with most of the IEEE standard buses (such as FASTBUS, VMEbus, and Futurebus). The high density highly distributed channel waveguide array presented in this paper is the only feasible solution to provide a lithographically defined optical interconnection network with full compatibility of IEEE standard and special purpose high performance bus systems.
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)urethane‐co‐poly(methyl methacrylate) with 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate and m‐xylene diisocyanate. I. Compatibility and impact strength of copolymers (2001)

Abstract In this study, slightly crosslinked poly(dimethylsiloxane)urethane‐ co ‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PDMS urethane‐ co ‐PMMA) graft copolymers based on two diisocyanates, 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate (2,4‐TDI) and m ‐xylene diisocyanate ( m ‐XDI), were successfully synthesized. Glass‐transition behaviors of the copolymers were investigated. Results confirm that PDMS–urethane and PMMA are miscible in the 2,4‐TDI system, but are only partially miscible in the m ‐XDI system. The methylene groups adjoining the isocyanate in the m ‐XDI system show increased phase‐separation behavior over the 2,4‐TDI system, in which the benzene ring adjoins the isocyanate. The functional group of PDMS–urethane improves the impact strength of the copolymers. The toughness depends on the compatibility of PDMS–urethane and PMMA segments in the copolymers. In the m ‐XDI system, the impact strength of the copolymer containing 3.75 phr macromonomer achieves a maximum value (from 13.02 to 22.21 J/m). The fracture behavior and impact strength of the copolymers in the 2,4‐TDI system are similar to that of PMMA homopolymer, although they are independent of the macromonomer content in the copolymer. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1875–1885, 2002
High precision fault injections on the instruction cache of ARMv7-M architectures (2015)

Hardware and software of secured embedded systems are prone to physical attacks. In particular, fault injection attacks revealed vulnerabilities on the data and the control flow allowing an attacker to break cryptographic or secured algorithms implementations. While many research studies concentrated on successful attacks on the data flow, only a few targets the instruction flow. In this paper, we focus on electromagnetic fault injection (EMFI) on the control flow, especially on the instruction cache. We target the very widespread (smartphones, tablets, settop-boxes, health-industry monitors and sensors, etc.) ARMv7-M architecture. We describe a practical EMFI platform and present a methodology providing high control level and high reproducibility over fault injections. Indeed, we observe that a precise fault model occurs in up to 96% of the cases. We then characterize and exhibit this practical fault model on the cache that is not yet considered in the literature. We comprehensively describe its effects and show how it can be used to reproduce well known fault attacks. Finally, we describe how it can benefits attackers to mount new powerful attacks or simplify existing ones.
Fullerenes: The Society Forms a New Group (1994)

An astonishing scientific enterprise centered on the beautiful polyhedral all-carbon molecules called fullerenes has become established in the past three years.
Rapid, Sensitive Detection of Botulinum Toxin on a Flexible Microfluidics Platform (2004)

In this paper we will describe how high affinity reagents and a sensor configuration enabling rapid mass transport can be combined for rapid, sensitive biodetection. The system that we have developed includes a renewable surface immunoassay, which involves on-column detection of a fluorescently labeled secondary antibody in a sandwich immunoassay. Yeast display and directed molecular evolution were used to create high affinity antibodies to the botulinum toxin heavy chain receptor binding domain, AR1 and 3D12. A rotating rod renewable surface microcolumn was used to form a microliter-sized column containing beads functionalized with the capture antibody (AR1). The column was perfused with sample, wash solutions, and a fluorescently labeled secondary antibody (3D12) while the on-column fluorescence was monitored. Detection was accomplished in less than 5 minutes, with a total processing time of about 10 minutes. On-column detection of botulinum toxin was more sensitive and much faster than flow cytometry analysis on microbeads using the same reagents.
Microencapsulation of oils using whey protein/gum arabic coacervates (2004)

Microencapsulating sunflower oil, lemon and orange oil flavour was investigated using complex coacervation of whey protein/gum arabic (WP/GA). At pH 3.0-4.5, WP and GA formed electrostatic complexes that could be successfully used for microencapsulation purposes. The formation of a smooth biopolymer shell around the oil droplets was achieved at a specific pH (close to 4.0) and the payload of oil (i.e. amount of oil in the capsule) was higher than 80%. Small droplets were easier to encapsulate within a coacervate matrix than large ones, which were present in a typical shell/core structure. The stability of the emulsion made of oil droplets covered with coacervates was strongly pH-dependent. At pH 4.0, the creaming rate of the emulsion was much higher than at other pH values. This phenomenon was investigated by carrying out zeta potential measurements on the mixtures. It seemed that, at this specific pH, the zeta potential was close to zero, highlighting the presence of neutral coacervate at the oil/water interface. The influence of pH on the capsule formation was in accordance with previous results on coacervation of whey proteins and gum arabic, i.e. WP/GA coacervates were formed in the same pH window with and without oil and the pH where the encapsulation seemed to be optimum corresponded to the pH at which the coacervate was the most viscous. Finally, to illustrate the applicability of these new coacervates, the release of flavoured capsules incorporated within Gouda cheese showed that large capsules gave stronger release and the covalently cross-linked capsules showed the lowest release, probably because of a tough dense biopolymer wall which was difficult to break by chewing.
MicroRNAs expression in acute promyelocitic leukemia upon ATRA treatment (2006)

3251 MicroRNAs are small non-protein coding RNAs of 19 to 25 nucleotides that regulates gene expression targeting messenger RNAs (mRNA) in a sequence specific manner inducing translational repression or mRNA degradation depending on the degree of complementarity between miRNAs and their targets . For the few microRNAs whose function is known, they play important roles in development, differentiation, metabolism, cell growth and death in animals and plants. Recently microRNAs have been described to be involved in the regulation of mice hematopoiesis and to be disregulated in chronic lymphocytic leukemias and other lymphoproliferative disorders of B origin. However little is known about miRNAs are regulated and their role in myelopoiesis. Acute Promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia, which results from the translocation of the promyelocytic gene (PML) gene in the chromosme 15 and the retinoic acid receptotr alpha gene ( RARa) in chromosome 17. . This traslocation creates a novel oncogenic fusion protein which induces maturation arrest at the promyelocytic stage of granulocytic diffrentiation Pharmacological dosis of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) reverse the dominant negative effect of the oncogenic protein fusion PML-RARa and induce differentiation of APL cells in vitro and in vivo . Indeed this is one of the best studied cell models of differentiation. In the present study, we analyze the microRNAs expression in APL cell lines upon ATRA treatment using microRNAs microarrays. Among the up-regulated microRNAs upon ATRA treatment, three microRNAs are predicted to target the same gene, which is a recently discover hematopoietic transcription factor involved in myeloid differentiation. Furthermore we identified and validated several other microRNA targets, which are genes activated by ATRA and involved in retinoic acid signaling. Thus, ATRA simultaneously induced retinoic acid signaling genes and modulate their expression throught a microRNA based mechanism.
An Efficient Synthesis of 2-Nitropyrrole-3,4-dicarboxamide (1999)

Abstract The synthesis of N-1-substituted 2-nitropyrrole-3,4-dicarboxamides (4–5, 7–9) was accomplished from diethyl 2-nitropyrrole-3,4-dicarboxylate (2). 2-nitro-pyrrole-3,4-dicarboxamide (1) was prepared by deprotection of 2-nitro-1-[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]pyrrole-3,4-dicarboxamide (9). Compound 9 was obtained by two different methods.
Broadening CD4+and CD8+T Cell Responses against Hepatitis C Virus by Vaccination with NS3 Overlapping Peptide Panels in Cross-Priming Liposomes (2017)

Despite the introduction of effective drugs to treat patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, a vaccine would be the only means to substantially reduce the worldwide disease burden. An incomplete understanding of how HCV interacts with its human host and evades immune surveillance has hampered vaccine development. It is generally accepted that in infected individuals, a narrow repertoire of exhausted T cells is a hallmark of persistent infection, whereas broad, vigorous CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses are associated with control of acute hepatitis C. We employed a vaccine approach based on a mixture of peptides (pepmix) spanning the entire sequence of HCV nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) in cross-priming cationic liposomes (CAF09) to facilitate a versatile presentation of all possible T cell epitopes, regardless of the HLA background of the vaccine recipient. Here, we demonstrate that vaccination of mice with NS3 pepmix broadens the repertoire of epitope-specific T cells compared to the corresponding recombinant protein (rNS3). Moreover, vaccination with rNS3 induced only CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, whereas the NS3 pepmix induced a far more vigorous CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell response and was as potent a CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell inducer as an adenovirus-vectored vaccine expressing NS3. Importantly, the cellular responses are dominated by multifunctional T cells, such as gamma interferon-positive (IFN-γ<sup>+</sup>) tumor necrosis factor alpha-positive (TNF-α<sup>+</sup>) coproducers, and displayed cytotoxic capacity in mice. In conclusion, we present a novel vaccine approach against HCV, inducing a broadened T cell response targeting both immunodominant and potential subdominant epitopes, which may be key elements to counter T cell exhaustion and prevent chronicity.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> With at least 700,000 annual deaths, development of a vaccine against hepatitis C virus (HCV) has high priority, but the tremendous ability of the virus to dodge the human immune system poses great challenges. Furthermore, many chronic infections, including HCV infection, have a remarkable ability to drive initially strong CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses against dominant epitopes toward an exhausted, dysfunctional state. Thus, new and innovative vaccine approaches to control HCV should be evaluated. Here, we report on a novel peptide-based nanoparticle vaccine strategy (NS3 pepmix) aimed at generating T cell immunity against potential subdominant T cell epitopes that are not efficiently targeted by vaccination with full-length recombinant protein (rNS3) or infection with HCV. As proof of concept, we found that NS3 pepmix excels in broadening the repertoire of epitope-specific, multifunctional, and cytotoxic CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells compared to vaccination with rNS3, which generated only CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses.
Cell-based optimization of novel benzamides as potential antimalarial leads (2009)

Screening our in-house compound collection using a cell based Plasmodium falciparum proliferation assay we discovered a known pan-kinase inhibitor scaffold as a hit. Further optimization of this series led us to a novel benzamide scaffold which was devoid of human kinase activity while retaining its antiplasmodial activity. The evolution of this compound series leading to optimized candidates with good cellular potency against multiple strains as well as decent in vivo profile is described in this Letter.
Growth enhancement in broiler chickens receiving CHEMEQRTMpolymeric antimicrobial (2003)

This study investigated the use of CHEMEQRTM polymeric antimicrobial as a means of enhancing health and growth rates in broiler chickens. One-day-old Cobb-500 broilers were reared to 42 days. In trial 1, 100 birds received CHEMEQRTM polymeric antimicrobial via water, and 100 birds were untreated. Treated birds had significantly greater (P<0.0001) average daily gain (ADG), significantly lower (P<0.0016) feed conversion ratios, significantly lower (P<0.05) mortality, and a significantly lower (P<0.0042) viscosity of their ileal contents. In trial 2, three groups of 40 birds received reducing dosages of CHEMEQRTM polymeric antimicrobial, and a fourth group remained untreated. Groups receiving CHEMEQRTM polymeric antimicrobial had significantly greater (P<0.05) ADG, and two groups had significantly lower (P<0.05) feed conversion ratios than the controls. In trial 3, groups of 40 birds received either CHEMEQRTM polymeric antimicrobial, Salinomycin or Lasalocid in-feed, or were untreated. Birds receiving CHEMEQRTM polymeric antimicrobial had significantly greater (P<0.05) ADG than those receiving Salinomycin. CHEMEQRTM polymeric antimicrobial helped to maintain the health and to improve the growth performance of broiler chickens.
Microfluidic flow-encoded switching for parallel control of dynamic cellular microenvironments (2007)

The temporal pattern of a biological stimulus is an important determinant of the resulting cellular response. We present a microfluidic parallel perfusion culture system for controlling the dynamics of soluble cell microenvironments while simultaneously performing live-cell imaging of cellular responses. A "Flow-encoded Switching" (FES) design strategy is developed to simultaneously deliver many different temporal profiles of stimuli, including pulse train widths, lengths, and frequencies, to downstream adherent cells using a single input control. The design strategy uses principles of laminar flow and diffusion-limited mixing to encode the state of the network (the instantaneous stimulus concentrations in each channel) into the ratio of two flow rates, which is controlled by a single differential pressure. To demonstrate the utility of this experimental system, we investigated the effect of dynamic stimuli on NFkappaB transcriptional activation and cell fate determination. Our results illustrate that transcriptional responses and cell fate decisions depend both quantitatively and qualitatively on the timing of the stimulus. In summary, by encoding dynamic stimuli in a single input pressure, microfluidic flow-encoded switching offers a scalable experimental method for systematically probing the functional significance of temporally patterned cellular environments.
Semaphorin 3 C drives epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasiveness, and stem-like characteristics in prostate cells (2017)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the most commonly-occurring cancers worldwide and a leader in cancer-related deaths. Local non-invasive PCa is highly treatable but limited treatment options exist for those with locally-advanced and metastatic forms of the disease underscoring the need to identify mechanisms mediating PCa progression. The semaphorins are a large grouping of membrane-associated or secreted signalling proteins whose normal roles reside in embryogenesis and neuronal development. In this context, semaphorins help establish chemotactic gradients and direct cell movement. Various semaphorin family members have been found to be up- and down-regulated in a number of cancers. One family member, Semaphorin 3 C (SEMA3C), has been implicated in prostate, breast, ovarian, gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancer as well as glioblastoma. Given SEMA3C's roles in development and its augmented expression in PCa, we hypothesized that SEMA3C promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem-like phenotypes in prostate cells. In the present study we show that ectopic expression of SEMA3C in RWPE-1 promotes the upregulation of EMT and stem markers, heightened sphere-formation, and cell plasticity. In addition, we show that SEMA3C promotes migration and invasion in vitro and cell dissemination in vivo.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Benzopyrylium Salts. Part 44. Formation of 4‐Acyl‐3,4‐ dihydroisoquinolinium Salts in the Reaction of 2‐Benzopyrylium Salts with Azomethines and Cycloaddition Reaction of Maleimides with Their Deprotonation Products ‐ 2,3‐Dihydroisoquinolines. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Joint Model for Document Segmentation and Segment Labeling (2020)

Text segmentation aims to uncover latent structure by dividing text from a document into coherent sections. Where previous work on text segmentation considers the tasks of document segmentation and segment labeling separately, we show that the tasks contain complementary information and are best addressed jointly. We introduce the Segment Pooling LSTM (S-LSTM) model, which is capable of jointly segmenting a document and labeling segments. In support of joint training, we develop a method for teaching the model to recover from errors by aligning the predicted and ground truth segments. We show that S-LSTM reduces segmentation error by 30% on average, while also improving segment labeling.
Mitigation of analyte loss on metal surfaces in liquid chromatography (2021)

The adsorptive loss of acidic analytes in liquid chromatography was investigated using metal frits. Repetitive injections of acidic small molecules or an oligonucleotide were made on individual 2.1 or 4.6 mm i.d. column frits. Losses were observed for adenosine 5'-(α,β-methylene) diphosphate, 2-pyridinol 1-oxide and the 25-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide Trecovirsen (GEM91) on stainless steel and titanium frits. Analyte adsorption was greatest at acidic pH due to the positive charge on the metal oxide surface. Analyte recovery increased when a series of injections was performed; this effect is known as sample conditioning. Nearly complete recovery was achieved when the metal adsorptive sites were saturated with the analyte. A similar effect was achieved by conditioning the frits with phosphoric, citric or etidronic acids, or their buffered solutions. These procedures can be utilized to mitigate analyte loss. However, the effect is temporary, as the conditioning agent is gradually removed by the running mobile phase. Metal frits modified with hybrid organic/inorganic surface technology were shown to mitigate analyte-to-metal surface interactions and improve recovery of acidic analytes. Quantitative recovery of a 15-35 mer oligodeoxythymidine mixture was achieved using column hardware modified with hybrid surface technology, without a need for column conditioning prior to analysis.
Cervical neurenteric cyst associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. (1992)

A neurenteric cyst of the spine is a rare congenital disorder secondary to alimentary duplication and vertebral malformation. It should, however, be included in the differential diagnosis of an intradural, extramedullary spinal lesion. We present a case of a cervical neurenteric cyst associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome and discuss the clinical, radiologic, histopathologic, immunohistochemical and embryologic characteristics of this disorder.
Investigation of Alternative Materials to Si for Solid State Micro Joints (2012)

A joint’s function is to allow a relative motion between two components. While macroscopic joints typically use bearings or hinges to accomplish articulation, Micro Electro-mechanical Systems (MEMS) commonly take advantage of solid state joints, typically comprising bending or torsion beams. Micro joints made of NiW and the epoxy SU-8™ were fabricated by thin-film techniques and simulated in their usability as spring material. For determining the spring constant of the cantilever beams intended as solid state micro joints, a Hysitron TriboIndenter™ was used. It could be demonstrated that NiW represents a material well suited for sensitive solid state joints. Also SU-8™ as solid state joint was suitable to be applied as a cantilever. SU-8™ cantilevers can be used for higher displacements at greater loads.