gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exercising your brain: A review of human brain plasticity and training-induced learning. (2008)

Human beings have an amazing capacity to learn new skills and adapt to new environments. However, several obstacles remain to be overcome in designing paradigms to broadly improve quality of life. Arguably, the most notable impediment to this goal is that learning tends to be quite specific to the trained regimen and does not transfer to even qualitatively similar tasks. This severely limits the potential benefits of learning to daily life. This review discusses training regimens that lead to the acquisition of new knowledge and strategies that can be used flexibly across a range of tasks and contexts. Possible characteristics of training regimens are proposed that may be responsible for augmented learning, including the manner in which task difficulty is progressed, the motivational state of the learner, and the type of feedback the training provides. When maximally implemented in rehabilitative paradigms, these characteristics may greatly increase the efficacy of training.
In vivo knee loading characteristics during activities of daily living as measured by an instrumented total knee replacement (2008)

We examined the relationship between activity, peak load, medial to lateral load distribution, and flexion angle at peak load for activities of daily living. An instrumented knee prosthesis was used to measure knee joint force simultaneously with motion capture during walking, chair sit to stand and stand to sit, stair ascending and descending, squatting from a standing position, and golf swings. The maximum total compressive load at the knee was highest during stair ascending and descending and lowest during rising from a chair. Maximum total compressive load occurred at substantially different flexion angles ranging from 8.5 degrees during walking to 91.8 degrees during squatting. For all activities, total compressive load exceeded 2 times body weight, and for most activities 2.5 times body weight. Most activities placed a greater load on the medial compartment than the lateral compartment. Activities were grouped into three categories: high cycle loading (walk), high load (stair ascent, descent, and golf), and high flexion angle (chair sit to stand/stand to sit, and squat). The results demonstrate that the forces and motion sustained by the knee are highly activity-dependent and that the unique loading characteristics for specific activities should be considered for the design of functional and robust total knee replacements, as well as for rehabilitation programs for patients with knee osteoarthritis or following total knee arthroplasty.
Interaction of Surfactant Lamellar Phase and a Strictly Alternating Comb-Graft Amphiphilic Polymer Based on PEG (2001)

We study the effect of hydrophobically modified polymers (hm-polymers) on the phase behavior and membrane elastic properties of the lyotropic lamellar (Lα) phase of the nonionic surfactant penta(ethylene glycol) dodecyl ether (C12E5). The hm-polymer is a model comb-graft polymer with monodisperse PEG blocks (loops) of 6, 12, or 35 kg/mol connecting C18 stearylamide hydrophobes. The polymer is of interest because both its loops and hydrophobes are biocompatible. The membrane properties are extracted from the small-angle neutron scattering data based on the model of Nallet et al. The monophasic Lα region exists over a narrower membrane volume fraction range but to a higher polymer concentration for hmPEGs with larger PEG spacers. The rigidity of the membranes increases by 40% with decreasing PEG spacer size from 12 to 6 kg/mol or increasing polymer concentration. For hmPEG polymers with 2−3 loops, the effect of finite chain lengths plays a role on the phase behavior and membrane properties.
Hydrocarbon/hydrogen mixed gas permeation in poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PTMSP), poly(1-phenyl-1-propyne) (PPP), and PTMSP/PPP blends (1996)

The gas permeation properties of poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PTMSP), poly(1-phenyl-1-propyne) (PPP), and blends of PTMSP and PPP have been determined with hydrocarbon/hydrogen mixtures. For a glassy polymer, PTMSP has unusual gas permeation properties which result from its very high free volume. Transport in PPP is similar to that observed in conventional, low-free-volume glassy polymers. In experiments with n-butane/hydrogen gas mixtures, PTMSP and PTMSP/PPP blend membranes were more permeable to n-butane than to hydrogen. PPP, on the other hand, was more permeable to hydrogen than to n-butane. As the PTMSP composition in the blend increased from 0 to 100%, n-butane permeability increased by a factor of 2600, and n-butane/hydrogen selectivity increased from 0.4 to 24. Thus, both hydrocarbon permeability and hydrocarbon/hydrogen selectivity increase with the PTMSP content in the blend. The selectivities measured with gas mixtures were markedly higher than selectivities calculated from the corresponding ratio of pure gas permeabilities. The difference between mixed gas and pure gas selectivity becomes more pronounced as the PTMSP content in the blend increases. The mixed gas selectivities are higher than pure gas selectivities because the hydrogen permeability in the mixture is much lower than the pure hydrogen permeability. For example, the hydrogen permeability in PTMSP decreased by a factor of 20 as the relative propane pressure (p/psat) in propane/hydrogen mixtures increased from 0 to 0.8. This marked reduction in permanent gas permeability in the presence of a more condensable hydrocarbon component is reminiscent of blocking of permanent gas transport in microporous materials by preferential sorption of the condensable component in the pores. The permeability of PTMSP to a five-component hydrocarbon/hydrogen mixture, similar to that found in refinery waste gas, was determined and compared with published permeation results for a 6-Å microporous carbon membrane. PTMSP exhibited lower selectivities than those of the carbon membrane, but permeability coefficients in PTMSP were nearly three orders of magnitude higher. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A multimodal wireless baseband core using a coarse-grained dynamic reconfigurable processor (2011)

Software Defined Radio (SDR) is indispensable technology when wireless baseband processing has to support a wide variety of wireless communication standards. This paper describes the implementation and software optimization for IEEE 802.16e (Mobile WiMAX) on ADRES, a coarse-grained dynamic reconfigurable processor. The paper also explains switching between 802.11a (WLAN) and 802.16e at runtime. The switching time is 2.6 milliseconds which is shorter than 5.0 milliseconds, 1 frame time period of 802.16e specification.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of the 1,2‐Wittig Rearrangement: A Synthesis of syn‐1,3‐Diol Monoethers. (1987)

Abstract 1,2‐Wittig rearrangement of the β‐alkoxyalkyl allyl ethers (I) and (III) with butyllithium yields the syn‐1,3‐diol derivatives (II) and (IV) stereospecifically.
Performance of Decision-Directed Channel Estimation Using Low-Rate Turbo Codes for DFT-Precoded OFDMA (2012)

A low-rate turbo code can reduce the required average received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) that satisfies the target block error rate (BLER) due to its high coding gain. When a low-rate turbo code is used however, channel estimation (CE) error becomes a bottleneck in bringing out the potential coding gain. Therefore, this paper presents the average BLER performance using decision-directed channel estimation (DDCE) for a low-rate turbo code in uplink Discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-precoded orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). In the proposed DDCE, we employ soft-decision symbol estimation based on the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of an extrinsic probability at the Max-Log-MAP (maximum a posteriori probability) decoder output in addition to reference signals (RSs). The DDCE works synergistically with the low-rate turbo code, since the extrinsic LLR at the Max-Log-MAP decoder becomes more reliable due to the increasing coding gain. Computer simulation results show that when the turbo code with R = 1/15 (1/9) and the constraint length of K = 4 bits is used, the required average received SNR at the average BLER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> using the DDCE is decreased by approximately 0.6 (0.4) dB compared to that for the RS based CE. As a result, the required average received SNR using the DDCE for R = 1/15 and 1/9 is decreased by approximately 7.0 and 5.0 dB, respectively, compared to that for R = 1/3.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SPIRO COMPOUNDS: USE OF DISELENOACETALS FOR GENERATION OF QUATERNARY CENTERS BY ALKYLATION AND RADICAL CYCLIZATION (1985)

Abstract Die aus (II) zugänglichen Selenide (III) werden radikalisch zu den Spiroverbindungen (IV) cyclisiert.
Power Factor Improvement Technology by Resonant Type Converter Circuit (1997)

It is desired to develop soft-switching power factor improvement technology and put it into practical use by means of a high-efficiency, low-noise, and low-cost resonant-type converter. Every technology that has been developed and reported so far has many disadvantages as well as advantages, and there are many problems to be solved before they can be put into practical use. In this paper, I am going to explain the structure of the partially capacitor input rectifier circuit that employs soft-switching operation that has been developed a new as the power-feedback-system one-converter circuit. These technologies have enabled us to put the power factor improvement for consumer-use electronic products into practical use.
Use of a Soft-Core Processor in a Hardware/Software Codesign Laboratory (2006)

This paper describes our experience to date and current plans for a senior-level microelectronics laboratory course on hardware/software codesign. The course utilizes an open-source, soft-core processor deployed on the FPX platform as an integral component of the students' designs. Students write software to execute on a Leon SPARC-compatible processor and write VHDL to implement hardware-accelerated computational functions in FPGA hardware.
Biosensor‐based characterization of serum antibodies during development of an anti‐IgE immunotherapeutic against allergy and asthma (2006)

Antibody responses, induced in Cynomolgus monkey by recombinant IgE-derived immunotherapeutic protein against atopic allergies and asthma, were characterized using label-free, real-time protein interaction analysis. The effects of two different immunotherapeutic proteins were compared. Active concentrations of specific anti-IgE antibodies formed were determined in sera sampled at multiple time points, using conditions of total mass transport limitation that were proved to exist on the sensor surface. These concentrations varied from about 0.4 to 35 microg/ml among the monkeys and throughout the immunization period. Based on these concentrations, the rate and affinity constants for the binding of antibody populations to the antigen could be determined. The apparent equilibrium dissociation constant decreased during the immunization period, for all the monkeys, by a factor between 6 and 50, ending at values from approximately 2 x 10(-9) to approximately 2 x 10(-11) M among the animals. This affinity maturation was attributable to the changes in both rate constants, although the magnitude of the contribution of each constant depended partly on specimen, but primarily on the immunotherapeutic used. The immunotherapeutic proteins examined showed excellent immunogenic properties, providing the basis for a new and effective treatment for allergy and asthma.
Effect of Metal Oxide Surface Additives on Xerographic Toner Powder Flow Cohesion and Cohesion Aging Stability (2004)

A systematic approach was used to select metal oxides with varying composition, surface chemistry and particle size, which were then blended on toner particles as surface additives. The Hosokawa Powder Flow tester was used to study the toner cohesion, both as initially blended, and with aggressive toner aging. The toner powder flow cohesion and aging was studied for two different base toner particles, based on a styrene/acrylate resin and a polyester resin. It is shown that selection of the metal oxide size, oxide type and chemistry is important to ensure stable flow with aging time.
Critical Current Gain in High-jc Superconducting-Ferromagnetic Transistors (2016)

We report experimental and theoretical results on the current gain in superconductor-ferromagnetic transistors (SFTs) with the SISFIFS structure [where S, I, and F denote a superconductor (Nb), an insulator (AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ), and a ferromagnetic material (Ni), respectively]. The Josephson critical current density j <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ca</sub> of the acceptor (SISF) junction in the devices is above 9 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is higher than that in our previous devices. The critical current gain is defined as |δI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ca</sub> |/|δI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> |, where a change |δI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> | in the injector (SFIFS junction) current produces a change |δI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ca</sub> | in the acceptor maximum Josephson current. We observed a small-signal gain as high as 7.8 and a large-signal current gain of about 2.2. In addition, we found that the Josephson current of the acceptor junction is sensitive to the state of the ferromagnetic layers. A theoretical model is proposed to describe the nonequilibrium processes in the SFT devices, which agrees with the experimental observations. The calculation shows that, in the present device configuration, the dominant contribution to the gap suppression in the middle Nb electrode is due to the quasiparticle injection; spin injection plays a secondary role. We demonstrate that proper device engineering allows one to efficiently control the maximum Josephson current in the SISF acceptor junction using the quasiparticle injection. We conclude that SFT devices can be used as input/output isolators and amplifiers for memory, digital, and RF applications.
Supplementary Table S4 from Genomic Features of Exceptional Response in Vemurafenib ± Cobimetinib–treated Patients with <i>BRAF</i><sup>V600</sup>-mutated Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

Supplementary Table S4 from Genomic Features of Exceptional Response in Vemurafenib ± Cobimetinib–treated Patients with &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;V600&lt;/sup&gt;-mutated Metastatic Melanoma
Quantum numbers of theX(3872)state and orbital angular momentum in itsρ0J/ψdecay (2015)

Angular correlations in ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X(3872){K}^{+}$ decays, with $X(3872)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}J/\ensuremath{\psi}$, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and $J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, are used to measure orbital angular momentum contributions and to determine the ${J}^{PC}$ value of the $X(3872)$ meson. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of $3.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector. This determination, for the first time performed without assuming a value for the orbital angular momentum, confirms the quantum numbers to be ${J}^{PC}={1}^{++}$. The $X(3872)$ is found to decay predominantly through an S wave and an upper limit of 4% at 95% C.L. is set on the D-wave contribution.
Cogan Syndrome (1980)

Typical Cogan syndrome (CS) is a disease of young adults consisting of flares of interstitial keratitis (IK) and sudden onset of Ménière-like attacks. The prognosis of typical CS is excellent with life-threatening aortic insufficiency (AI) developing in only 10% of reported cases. Serious systemic necrotizing vasculitis (SNV) rarely, if ever, complicates typical CS. Atypical S (vestibuloauditory dysfunction with types of inflammatory eye disease other than IK) frequently overlaps other defined rheumatologic syndromes, is associated with vasculitis in 21% of cases, and carries a less favorable prognosis than typical CS. Topical ocular corticosteroids can usually control IK, and a short trial of systemic corticosteroids is warranted as soon as possible after the onset of hearing loss. SNV should be treated initially with prednisone and may also require the administration of cytotoxic agents, while aortitis and AI can be controlled with the administration of prednisone and surgical replacement of the aortic valve.
Flavonol Glycosides and Novel Iridoid Glycoside from the Leaves of Morinda citrifolia (2001)

One new iridoid glycoside and five known flavonol glycosides have been isolated from the leaves of Morinda citrifolia. The new iridoid exists as an epimeric mixture in solution. Complete assignments of the proton and carbon chemical shifts for the individual epimers were accomplished on the basis of high-resolution 1D and 2D NMR data. Their antioxidative activities were measured. All of these compounds showed DPPH free radical scavenging activity at the concentration of 30 microM.
Mitigation of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer patients using limb-cooling apparatus: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2023)

https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCT2032210115, identifier jRCT2032210115.
Realtime location privacy via mobility prediction (2009)

Users face privacy risks when providing personal location data to untrusted location based services (LBSs). Many existing attempts to anonymize users have relied on suppressing information about users' locations. This suppression results in reduced functionality, including degraded spatial accuracy or the loss of realtime location updates. We propose anonymizing a user by camouflaging their current location with various predicted paths. This is akin to increasing the noise floor around the user. We believe this different approach provides many advantages. By allowing the user to keep all desired functionality while still protecting the user's privacy, we enable use of a broader class of LBSs. To demonstrate our proposal, we develop CacheCloak, a system that enables realtime anonymization of continuous location updates without any loss of accuracy. Data from a GIS-based traffic simulation in an urban environment shows that CacheCloak can anonymize users rapidly.
The Power Generation Characteristics and Durability of a Vibration Power Generation Device using Piezoelectric Thick Film Formed Directly by Screen Printing on a Stainless Steel Substrate (2014)

This paper presents a small, high-performance and novel device that generates power from vibrations, made using screen-printing to form a piezoelectric thick film directly on a stainless steel substrate. This simple and cheap method realizes a 20 – 40 μm-thick piezoelectric film, otherwise difficult to achieve using thin-film techniques or ceramic sintering, on a stainless steel substrate. A maximum output power of 1.1 mW was recorded with acceleration of 0.1 G0p (0.98 ms−2) applied at a resonance frequency of 24 Hz. We also evaluated the durability of the device by repeatedly striking the tip of the element. Output power exceeding 100 mW under damped resonant vibration was generated at the instant of striking, with approximately 0.9 mJ of power measured per single damped vibration. No deterioration was seen in the integrity of the stainless steel substrate or the piezoelectric thick film after over 10 million strikes.
Nonpeptidic urotensin‐II receptor antagonists I: in vitro pharmacological characterization of SB‐706375 (2005)

1. SB-706375 potently inhibited [(125)I]hU-II binding to both mammalian recombinant and 'native' UT receptors (K(i) 4.7+/-1.5 to 20.7+/-3.6 nM at rodent, feline and primate recombinant UT receptors and K(i) 5.4+/-0.4 nM at the endogenous UT receptor in SJRH30 cells). 2. Prior exposure to SB-706375 (1 microM, 30 min) did not alter [(125)I]hU-II binding affinity or density in recombinant cells (K(D) 3.1+/-0.4 vs 5.8+/-0.9 nM and B(max) 3.1+/-1.0 vs 2.8+/-0.8 pmol mg(-1)) consistent with a reversible mode of action. 3. The novel, nonpeptidic radioligand [(3)H]SB-657510, a close analogue of SB-706375, bound to the monkey UT receptor (K(D) 2.6+/-0.4 nM, B(max) 0.86+/-0.12 pmol mg(-1)) in a manner that was inhibited by both U-II isopeptides and SB-706375 (K(i) 4.6+/-1.4 to 17.6+/-5.4 nM) consistent with the sulphonamides and native U-II ligands sharing a common UT receptor binding domain. 4. SB-706375 was a potent, competitive hU-II antagonist across species with pK(b) 7.29-8.00 in HEK293-UT receptor cells (inhibition of [Ca(2+)](i)-mobilization) and pK(b) 7.47 in rat isolated aorta (inhibition of contraction). SB-706375 also reversed tone established in the rat aorta by prior exposure to hU-II (K(app) approximately 20 nM). 5. SB-706375 was a selective U-II antagonist with >/=100-fold selectivity for the human UT receptor compared to 86 distinct receptors, ion channels, enzymes, transporters and nuclear hormones (K(i)/IC(50)>1 microM). Accordingly, the contractile responses induced in isolated aortae by KCl, phenylephrine, angiotensin II and endothelin-1 were unaltered by SB-706375 (1 microM). 6. In summary, SB-706375 is a high-affinity, surmountable, reversible and selective nonpeptide UT receptor antagonist with cross-species activity that will assist in delineating the pathophysiological actions of U-II in mammals.
Spontaneous Patterning of Polymer Film by Teflon Thin Film and Spin Coating for Polymer Light-Emitting Diode (2009)

We have developed a selective coating technology for large-area polymer light-emitting devices (PLEDs). This can be done by using the different surface energy on the anode electrode. Teflon thin film can be used to make a hydrophobic surface (low surface energy) on the hydrophilic surface (high surface energy) of ITO for patterning of polymer film. Contact angle of ITO surface and Teflon coated one were 3 and 130°, respectively. In order to demonstrate PLED by spontaneous patterning of polymer film we have fabricated PLED consist of 4 and 8 elements in series on the same substrate. The voltage of the devices required to achieve a particular brightness scales approximately with the number of elements in series.
A new design of pilot symbol in 16 QAM channels (2002)

Pilot symbols are generally inserted as a compensation technique in wireless communication systems employing 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16 QAM). This paper describes newly developed pilot symbol techniques in 16 QAM channels. There are two methodologies; one is where the pilot symbol is put on the in-phase (I) or quadrature-phase (Q) axis, and the other is where a signal state of a individual symbol before and after the pilot symbol is set on the line passing through the origin and the signal point of the pilot symbol. According to our investigation of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) for transmitted signal and bit error rate (BER) performances in a receiver, the first technique gives a margin of about 1.0 dB at a BER of 1.0/spl times/10/sup -6/ without affecting the PAPR compared with conventional techniques. Furthermore, BER performance becomes error free when the roll-off factor is /spl alpha/=0.2 where in the second technique the symbol synchronization offset exists and Eb/No=/spl infin/. This suggests that our proposed technique improves both transmitter and receiver performance in narrow band wireless communication employing 16 QAM.