gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Familial Childhood Primary Lateral Sclerosis with Associated Gaze Paresis (1995)

Three children from consanguineous parents began losing the ability to walk in late infancy. Despite chronically progressive weakness leading to wheelchair dependence by adolescence and later loss of motor speech production, intellect remained preserved. Examination revealed upper motor neuron findings of pseudobulbar palsy and spastic quadriplegia, without dementia, cerebellar, extrapyramidal or sensory signs. In addition they exhibited a diffuse conjugate saccadic gaze paresis, especially severe on down-gaze. CT and MRI scans of brain and spinal cord, EEGs, visual and brainstem auditory evoked potentials, CSF examinations, enzyme assays for lysosomal storage diseases, blood amino acids and urine organic acids were all normal. Cortical somatosensory evoked potentials were poorly configured in two of the patients, though they had normal central conduction. EMG showed no signs of denervation. Nerve conduction studies showed normal peripheral motor and sensory conduction velocities. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the brain elicited no motor-evoked potentials. Despite the lack of neuropathological confirmation, the clinical course and neurophysiologic data strongly support the diagnosis of a familial (autosomal recessive) primary lateral sclerosis (PLS).
Coherence Holography and Spatial Frequency Comb for 3-D Coherence Imaging (2008)

The principle and the applications of a recently proposed unconventional holography technique, called coherence holography, and a related technique for dispersion-free 3-D coherence imaging based on a spatial frequency comb will be reviewed.
Lanthanum blocks a specific component of IK and screens membrane surface change in cardiac cells (1990)

Delayed rectifier outward K+ current (IK) in guinea pig ventricular myocytes represents the sum of two currents: a slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (IK.s) and a relatively rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (IK.r), which rectifies at positive potentials and is specifically blocked by the class III antiarrhythmic agent, E-4031. La3+ was previously reported to block an unidentified component of IK in these cells. We used the whole cell voltage-clamp technique on isolated myocytes and confirmed these results: we show that the current blocked by La3+ (greater than or equal to 1 microM) is IK.r. This block is not caused by La3+ displacement of surface-bound Ca2+. Thus, in the presence of either E-4031 or La3+, IK represents the activation of a single current, IK.s. La3+ (10 microM-1 mM) also caused a positive shift in the voltage dependence of the activation curve of IK.s. When we assumed that La3+ acts to bind and screen negative surface charges on the outer sarcolemmal membrane, the external surface potential of these cells (in 1.8 mM Ca2+) could be estimated to be -19 mV. A modification of the Gouy-Chapman equation was used to estimate the equilibrium constant for La3+ binding (10.7 mM-1) and the minimum spacing between the negative charges on the surface membrane (22 A).
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of aTrichoderma reeseiβ-mannanase from glycoside hydrolase family 5 (1999)

Crystals of the catalytic core domain of a Trichoderma reesei beta-mannanase belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 5 have been grown by the sitting-drop method at room temperature using ammonium sulfate as precipitant. The crystals grow as thin colourless plates and belong to space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a = 50.0, b = 54.3, c = 60.2 A, beta = 111.3 degrees, and have a single monomer of mannanase in the asymmetric unit. Native data to 2.0 A resolution have been collected at room temperature using synchrotron radiation. Data for a platinum derivative have been collected to 1.65 A at 110 K in a very short time at the CCLRC Daresbury synchrotron source, using a charge-coupled device (CCD) as detector.
Effect of Zr/Ti Ratio in Targets on Electrical Properties of Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films Derived by Pulsed Laser Deposition on Template Layer (2002)

Using various targets of Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (PZT) with Zr/Ti ratios of 70/30, 58/42, 52/48, 45/55 and 30/70, PZT thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates with a template layer derived by the sol-gel process. The structure and crystalline phases of the PZT films relative to the Zr/Ti ratio were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. The effect of the Zr/Ti ratio in the targets on the electrical properties of the PZT thin films was investigated by measuring the polarization versus electric field hysteresis loop and the dielectric constant. It was found that the PZT films derived from the target with a Zr/Ti ratio of 45/55 exhibited better electric properties than those derived from the target with a Zr/Ti ratio of 52/48, and their composition was close to the morphotropic phase boundary composition. The remanent polarization and the coercive field of the film were 31.28 µC/cm2 and 45.29 kV/cm, while the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent measured at 1 kHz were approximately 1069 and 0.08, respectively. It was clarified that the template layer derived by the sol-gel process can lower the annealing temperature in the pulsed laser deposition process, and improve the electrical properties of the PZT films.
Solid-Phase Microtiter Radioimmunoassay Blocking Test for Detection of Antibodies to Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin (1979)

The development of a solid-phase microtiter radioimmunoassay blocking test to detect serum antibody to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin is described. The assay is easy to perform and quantitate, and it is sensitive and specific.
Introducción a la Historia de la Antigüedad (2019)

La Introduccion a la Historia de la Antiguedad que aqui presentamos ha sido disenada y elaborada por cuatro profesores de la Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, teniendo presentes los planes de estudios en vigor. Este libro, dotado en cada uno de sus capitulos de rigurosidad metodologica y con un estilo agil, pretende proporcionar al lector el marco cronologico, espacial y cultural sin el cual no seria posible entender los diferentes procesos que se desarrollaron en la Antiguedad. Se analizan el estado de la cuestion tratado en los distintos capitulos y se sugieren los problemas de estudio e investigacion mas actuales, fundamentados en el empleo, tecnicas y metodos propios del conocimiento de la Antiguedad. La mejor virtud de este libro es poder ofrecer al lector una mirada alternativa a la Historia, teniendo presente aquellas consideraciones solo manejadas por los expertos.
Construction of Designer Selectable Marker Deletions with a CRISPR-Cas9 Toolbox in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and New Design of Common Entry Vectors (2018)

Vectors encoding selectable markers have been widely used in yeast to maintain or express exogenous DNA fragments. In the fission yeast <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i>, several engineered markers have been reported and widely used, such as <i>ura4</i><sup>+</sup> and <i>ScLEU2</i> from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, which complement <i>ura4</i> and <i>leu1</i> mutations, respectively. These two auxotrophic markers share no homology with the <i>S. pombe</i> genome; however, most others can recombine with the genome due to sequence homology shared between the genomic and plasmid-borne copies of the markers. Here, we describe a CRISPR-Cas9 toolbox that can be used to quickly introduce "designer" auxotrophic marker deletions into host strains, including <i>leu1</i>-Δ<i>0</i>, <i>his3</i>-Δ<i>0</i>, and <i>lys9</i>-Δ<i>0</i> Together with <i>ura4-D18</i>, this brings the total number of available designer deletion auxotrophic markers to four. The toolbox consists of a Cas9-gRNA expression vector and a donor DNA plasmid pair for each designer deletion. Using this toolbox, a set of auxotrophic <i>S. pombe</i> strains was constructed. Further, we reorganized essential components in the commonly used pREP series of plasmids and assembled the corresponding auxotrophic marker gene onto these plasmids. This toolbox for producing designer deletions, together with the newly developed strains and plasmids, will benefit the whole yeast community.
Effects of Resibufogenin in Experimental Hypertension (2007)

MBG plays an important role in the causation of hypertension in the VE rats, but not in the vasoconstrictive model. RBG is effective only in VE-mediated hypertension.
Plasma CVD treatment for titanium dioxides to approach the high performance of photocatalysts by visible light irradiation (2010)

TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> particles or casted thin films are treated with plasma CVD using the mixture of tantalum alkoxide and nitrogen gas or copper(II) acetylacetonate to improve the photocatalyst activities of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> irradiated by visible light. The layer formed on the surface of the TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> after plasma treatment is composed of some species characterized by XPS measurement. The visible-light activity are shown after the plasma CVD treatment to the surface of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> .
Multiframe image estimation for coded aperture snapshot spectral imagers (2010)

A coded aperture snapshot spectral imager (CASSI) estimates the three-dimensional spatiospectral data cube from a snapshot two-dimensional coded projection, assuming that the scene is spatially and spectrally sparse. For less spectrally sparse scenes, we show that the use of multiple nondegenerate snapshots can make data cube recovery less ill-posed, yielding improved spatial and spectral reconstruction fidelity. Additionally, data acquisition can be easily scaled to meet the time/resolution requirements of the scene with little modification or extension of the original CASSI hardware. A multiframe reconstruction of a 640 × 480 × 53 voxel datacube with 450-650 nm white-light illumination of a scene reveals substantial improvement in the reconstruction fidelity, with limited increase in acquisition and reconstruction time.
E-0702, a new cephalosporin, is incorporated into Escherichia coli cells via the tonB-dependent iron transport system (1987)

E-0702, a new cephalosporin with a potent antipseudomonal action, was synthesized. In the study of the mode of action of this antibiotic in Escherichia coli, it was found that mutants which acquired resistance to E-0702 were isolated spontaneously and could be shown to be susceptible to its closely related derivatives, E-0702-060 and E-0702-061, and other representative beta-lactam antibiotics. In these mutants, no increased production of beta-lactamase was detectable. No apparent differences between the resistant mutants and the parental strains were observed in the affinity of E-0702 for penicillin-binding proteins. Furthermore, no significant reduction in or loss of both OmpF and OmpC porin proteins in the outer membrane was observed. The mutation was mapped to the tonB gene, which is known to be essential for the iron transport system of bacteria. The bactericidal action of E-0702 was rapidly expressed against iron-starved cells in which the iron transport system was induced, whereas the bactericidal action against iron-supplemented cells was ineffective. It is suggested that E-0702 is incorporated into bacterial cells as a chelator of iron via the tonB-dependent iron transport system, after which its strong and rapid bactericidal action is manifested.
The cortical organization of language: distilling human connectome insights for supratentorial neurosurgery (2020)

Connectomics is the production and study of detailed "connection" maps within the nervous system. With unprecedented advances in imaging and high-performance computing, the construction of individualized connectomes for routine neurosurgical use is on the horizon. Multiple projects, including the Human Connectome Project (HCP), have unraveled new and exciting data describing the functional and structural connectivity of the brain. However, the abstraction from much of these data to clinical relevance remains elusive. In the context of preserving neurological function after supratentorial surgery, abstracting surgically salient points from the vast computational data in connectomics is of paramount importance. Herein, the authors discuss four interesting observations from the HCP data that have surgical relevance, with an emphasis on the cortical organization of language: 1) the existence of a motor speech area outside of Broca's area, 2) the eloquence of the frontal aslant tract, 3) the explanation of the medial frontal cognitive control networks, and 4) the establishment of the second ventral stream of language processing. From these connectome observations, the authors discuss the anatomical basis of their insights as well as relevant clinical applications. Together, these observations provide a firm platform for neurosurgeons to advance their knowledge of the cortical networks involved in language and to ultimately improve surgical outcomes. It is hoped that this report encourages neurosurgeons to explore new vistas in connectome-based neurosurgery.
Effect of reaction temperature on Cu(InGa)(SeS)<inf>2</inf> formation by a sequential H<inf>2</inf>Se/H<inf>2</inf>S precursor reaction process (2008)

The effect of sulfization temperature on Ga through-film uniformity in a 2-reaction H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Se/H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> S precursor process for Cu(InGa)(SeS) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> was studied. Cu <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.8</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.2</inf> /In bi-layer precursors were prepared by sputter deposition. The precursors were then partially selenized at 450 °C, followed by sulfization at temperatures ranging from 450 to 550 °C. The observed threshold temperature for Ga homogenization during sulfization was ∼500 °C. It is speculated that this threshold temperature possibly derives from a solid→liquid phase transition at 485 °C on the Ga-rich edge of the γ1-Cu <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> phase region.
Acquisition to Tracking and Coasting for Software GPS Receiver (1999)

The goal the software GPS receiver is to do acquisition
and real-time tracking of GPS C/A codes in software
using a receiver front-end, an Analog-to-Digital converter
(ADC) and a PC to do the processing. To start tracking
two parameters need to be obtained from the acquisition
process: the Doppler frequency of the signal, and the
sample on which the C/A code sequence for the satellite
begins. Software based acquisition normally uses 1 msec
of data (5 msec for fine frequency resolution), but the
process can take 1 sec or more for weak signals. The C/A
code position shifts over time, and for stationary receivers there is a linear relationship between the rate of this shift
and the Doppler frequency of the signal. One way to deal
with this shift in the C/A code is to store all samples
collected during the acquisition process so as to start
tracking at a point immediately after acquisition, but this
would be prohibitive in both processing time and storage
requirements. A better way is to develop a method to
estimate on which sample the C/A code sequence begins
after a period of time. The linear relationship between the
Doppler frequency and the C/A code shift can be used to
predict the code position, and this method is affective for
a period of up to 30 seconds after acquisition. This linear
relationship can also be used to allow C/A code tracking
to coast and immediately resume after a drop out due to
interference or jamming. Since A/D converters clocks
often have small variances from their specified sampling
frequencies and this variance leads to a bias in the amount
of C/A code shifting relative to the Doppler frequency.
Because of this, one must test each A/D converter to find
this bias.
Decoupling of CVD-grown epitaxial graphene using NaCl intercalation (2022)

The structural and electronic properties of graphene grown on catalytic metal surfaces are significantly modified <i>via</i> graphene-substrate interaction. To minimize the influence of the metal substrate, a dielectric buffer layer can be introduced between the graphene and metal substrate. However, the catalytic synthesis of graphene limits the potential alternatives for buffer layers. The intercalation of atoms below the graphene layer is a promising method that does not require the chemical treatment of graphene or the substrate. In this study, the electronic and structural properties of single-layer graphene (SLG) on the Cu(111) substrate intercalated with ultrathin NaCl thin films were investigated using scanning tunnelling microscopy. The intercalation of the NaCl monolayer decoupled SLG from the metal substrate, thereby producing quasi-freestanding graphene.
Patterned Laser Trabeculoplasty (2010)

Patterned laser trabeculoplasty provides rapid, precise, and minimally traumatic (sub-visible) computer-guided treatment with exact abutment of the patterns, exhibiting a 24% reduction in intraocular pressure during 6 months of follow-up (P < .01).
Plasmid transfer efficiency using Lactoccocus lactis strains depends on invasiveness status but also on plasmid copy number (2017)

Lactic acid bacteria as Lactococcus lactis are used as vector for protein but also DNA delivery into intestinal cells in vitro and in vivo. For the plasmid delivery strategy, the plasmid copy number per bacteria (PCN) is thus of great importance. The aim of this paper is to determine the physiological conditions when PCN is the highest in the bacteria. PCN was characterized by qPCR in five different recombinant Lactococcus lactis strains, containing one (mono-) or two different plasmids (biplasmidic), at exponential or stationary phase. We showed that in all cases but one, PCN is higher at exponential than stationary phase. PCN seems to depend on (i) monoplasmidic or biplasmidic strain; (ii) origin of replication of the plasmid; and (iii) the DNA load of the bacteria. Then we studied plasmid transfer in vitro from recombinant L. lactis to eukaryotic COS-7 cells using culture at exponential or stationary phase. We showed that plasmid transfer can be improved in vitro by using bacteria at exponential phase.
Selected Swine Viral Pathogens in Indoor Pigs in Spain. Seroprevalence and Farm-Level Characteristics (2010)

A serosurvey on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), Aujeszky's disease virus gE protein (ADV gE), porcine parvovirus (PPV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was carried out in Spanish pig herds. The serosurvey consisted of two studies. First, a retrospective study assessed the proportion of seropositive boar, sow and fattening pig herds and their seroprevalences to PRRSV, SIV, ADV gE and PPV from 2003 to 2005 and to PCV2 from 2000 to 2005. Such information was obtained from routine serologic analyses from two veterinary diagnostic laboratory services. Second, a cross-sectional study in sow and fattening pig herds from 44 farms (without vaccination interferences on serologic analyses) was performed to provide information on seroprevalences and co-seropositivity to PRRSV, SIV, ADV gE and PCV2 (PPV was excluded because of widespread vaccination) and to elucidate their relationships with farm characteristics, management and productive parameters. Similar seroprevalences were observed in both studies, although some variations were obtained, probably because of vaccination schedules, number of tested sera, sampling age and regional variations. Percentage of PRRSV and SIV seropositive herds was over 85% for sows, around 80% for fatteners and around 50% for boar studs. The proportion of ADV gE seropositive sow herds decreased from 41% to 30% between 2003 and 2005, whereas such decrease was from 41% to 33% in fattening pig herds and from 13% to 4% in boar studs PCV2 antibodies were widespread as well as those against PPV; in the latter case, if antibodies were elicited by infection and/or vaccination was not assessed. Concurrent presence of PCV2, PRRSV and SIV antibodies was found in 89% and 66% sow and fattening herds, respectively. No statistical associations were obtained between seroprevalences or co-seropositivity and farm characteristics, management or productive parameters.
Digimarc Discover on Google Glass (2015)

This paper reports on the implementation of the Digimarc® Discover platform on Google Glass, enabling the reading of a watermark embedded in a printed material or audio. The embedded watermark typically contains a unique code that identifies the containing media or object and a synchronization signal that allows the watermark to be read robustly. The Digimarc Discover smartphone application can read the watermark from a small portion of printed image presented at any orientation or reasonable distance. Likewise, Discover can read the recently introduced Digimarc Barcode to identify and manage consumer packaged goods in the retail channel. The Digimarc Barcode has several advantages over the traditional barcode and is expected to save the retail industry millions of dollars when deployed at scale. Discover can also read an audio watermark from ambient audio captured using a microphone. The Digimarc Discover platform has been widely deployed on the iPad, iPhone and many Android-based devices, but it has not yet been implemented on a head-worn wearable device, such as Google Glass. Implementing Discover on Google Glass is a challenging task due to the current hardware and software limitations of the device. This paper identifies the challenges encountered in porting Discover to the Google Glass and reports on the solutions created to deliver a prototype implementation.
Efficient pure blue hyperfluorescence devices utilizing quadrupolar donor-acceptor-donor type of thermally activated delayed fluorescence sensitizers (2023)

The hyperfluorescence (HF) system has drawn great attention in display technology. However, the energy loss mechanism by low reverse intersystem crossing rate (k<sub>RISC</sub>) and the Dexter energy transfer (DET) channel is still challenging. Here, we demonstrate that this can be mitigated by the quadrupolar donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitizer materials, DBA-DmICz and DBA-DTMCz. Further, the HF device with DBA-DTMCz and ν-DABNA exhibited 43.9% of high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE<sub>max</sub>) with the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage coordinates of (0.12, 0.16). The efficiency values recorded for the device are among the highest reported for HF devices. Such high efficiency is assisted by hindered DET process through i) high k<sub>RISC</sub>, and ii) shielded lowest unoccupied molecular orbital with the presence of two donors in D-A-D type of skeleton. Our current study provides an effective way of designing TADF sensitizer for future HF technology.