gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Surface Roughness on SHG Efficiency in Optical Thin Film Waveguides (1995)

We have studied the effect of surface roughness on propagation loss and SHG efficiency in thin film waveguides as a function of the wavelength, the film thickness and the surface rms roughness.
Transients in Distribution System: Field Measurements (2018)

Transients are generated, whenever there is change in current flowing through inductor and voltage across a capacitor. In distribution network, thousands of switching operations are done daily, leading to voltage and current transients. This article covers transients observed during switching of capacitor, transformers and cables in a Utility network at Medium Voltage levels. Instead of relying on analytical simulations, measurements were made at site using special probes and high speed oscilloscope to capture the over voltages and currents during switching of different elements. For comparison purposes, measurements were made with switching done using SF6 and Vacuum Breakers.
Nonlinear solid-state filter based on photochromism induced by 2-photon absorption in a dye-doped sol-gel (2014)

There is much interest in enhancement of the absorbance performance of nonlinear absorber solid-state filters. In this work we present an advanced reversible nonlinear filter based on a dye-doped sol-gel matrix. The absorbance enhancement was achieved by using a combination of two absorption mechanisms in the same molecule; a photochromic absorption which is induced by 2-photon absorption (2PA). The 2PA serves as the trigger for initiating the photochromism through Förster-resonance-energy-transfer (FRET) between the fluorescent donor and the photochromic acceptor. We synthesized a new bifunctional-chromophore that incorporated a carbazole-derived 2PA fluorescent donor and a chromene-derived photochromic acceptor, covalently linked together in a single molecule by a ~6 Å carboxyl group or oxygen bridge. The bifunctional-chromophore was doped in an inorganic-organic hybrid matrix prepared by the fast-sol-gel process. These materials solidify without shrinkage or formation of cracks and present promising properties as optical matrices for smart filters. The dye-doped sol-gel disc presents high transparency in the visible region ("colorless"), which under UV-irradiation (one-photon absorption in the photochromic part of the molecule), transforms into a strongly absorbing filter ("dark colored"), due to the conversion of the photochromic moiety to its "open" absorbing form. We have demonstrated that this ring-opening can also be induced by visible-light (620 nm) using the 2PA carbazole-derived moiety of the molecule. We have studied the fabrication routes and optical performance of these filters. We present studies of the 2PA mechanism of the carbazole derivative, FRET efficiency of the combined-molecule as well as in solutions of the individual moieties, and reversible dynamics of the photochromic moiety.
Wavelength selection in MEMS tunable vertical-cavity SOAs (2004)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. Cole, Q. Chen, S. Björlin, T. Kimura, S. Wu, C. Wang, J. Bowers, and N. MacDonald, "Wavelength selection in MEMS tunable vertical-cavity SOAs," in Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications/Integrated Photonics Research, Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2004), paper OMB3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
π-Complexes from acyl cyanides and lithium dimethylcuprate(i) (2013)

Rapid injection of pyruvonitrile or benzoyl cyanide into solutions of Me2CuLi in THF-d8 at -100 °C gave complexes that were stable at this temperature. 1D NMR with multiply labelled substrates ((13)C/(15)N) and 2D NMR ((1)H/(13)C) identified them as the first cuprate-carbonyl π-complexes.
307 Analysis of Activity of Forearm Muscles with Measured Surface Electromyography Distribution (2009)

Measurements by surface electromyography (sEMG) are noninvasive and simple to apply to obtain signals of muscle action potentials. However, the sEMG potentials of muscles near the electrode are superimposed, called "crosstalk". This paper develops a method measuring individual muscle activity of forearm muscles using sEMG distribution and a conduction model of the forearm for measuring individual muscle activities. The optimized individual muscle activities are calculated from sEMG with flexion load to a middle phalanx of a middle finger of 3 subjects. As a result, the muscle activity of flexor digitorum superficialis nearly proportional to load was obtained.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Condensation‐Driven Chondrogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells within Their Own Extracellular Matrix: Formation of Cartilage with Low Hypertrophy and Physiologically Relevant Mechanical Properties (Adv. Biosys. 12/2019) (2019)

In article number 1900229, Rocky S. Tuan, Hang Lin, and co-workers demonstrate that the mesenchymal stem cell-impregnated extracellular matrix (MSC-mECM) may be an efficacious stem cell-based product for the repair of hyaline cartilage injury without the use of exogenous scaffolds. Human MSCs are cultured under confluent conditions for the deposition of the mECM. Subsequently, the MSC-impregnated mECM composite is briefly treated with trypsin, allowing the MSCs to adopt a round morphology without being detached from their own mECM. Interestingly, after trypsin removal, the treated MSCs undergo mesenchymal condensation, followed by robust chondrogenic differentiation.
Effects of Dietary Aspergillus Meal Prebiotic on Turkey Poults Production Parameters and Bone Qualities (2011)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 0.2% dietary Aspergillus Meal (AM) on performance and bone parameters of neonatal turkey poults. A total of 200 day-of-hatch turkey poults were used for this experiment. Two dietary treatments, similar in energy and protein content differing only by the addition of 0.2% AM, were used. Poults were divided into 2 treatment groups with 25 birds per treatment and four replicates each. Group 1 received a basal non medicated control diet and group 2 received dietary AM. At the end of 30 d, poults were weighed, euthanized, and tibias were collected to evaluate bone quality using an Instron shear press machine and bone parameters such as tibia weight, diameter, ash, calcium and phosphorus assays. Samples of distal ileum were collected and the content subjected to protein and energy analysis. Poults fed with dietary AM had a significant improvement in BW and feed conversion ratios (p<0.05). Distal ileum content showed significantly less concentration of energy and protein when compared with the poults receiving control diet. Tibia weight, diameter, breaking strength, ash, calcium and phosphorus were significantly higher in poults that received dietary AM prebiotic. These results suggest that the increase in performance and bone parameters in neonatal turkey poults fed with 0.2% AM, is improved upon feeding Aspergillus niger mycelium prebiotic.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Regulates Pyruvate Kinase M2 Tyrosine Phosphorylation (2013)

Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a physiological regulator of glucose homeostasis and adiposity and is a drug target for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. Here we identify pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) as a novel PTP1B substrate in adipocytes. PTP1B deficiency leads to increased PKM2 total tyrosine and Tyr(105) phosphorylation in cultured adipocytes and in vivo. Substrate trapping and mutagenesis studies identify PKM2 Tyr-105 and Tyr-148 as key sites that mediate PTP1B-PKM2 interaction. In addition, in vitro analyses illustrate a direct effect of Tyr-105 phosphorylation on PKM2 activity in adipocytes. Importantly, PTP1B pharmacological inhibition increased PKM2 Tyr-105 phosphorylation and decreased PKM2 activity. Moreover, PKM2 Tyr-105 phosphorylation is regulated nutritionally, decreasing in adipose tissue depots after high-fat feeding. Further, decreased PKM2 Tyr-105 phosphorylation correlates with the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in rodents, non-human primates, and humans. Together, these findings identify PKM2 as a novel substrate of PTP1B and provide new insights into the regulation of adipose PKM2 activity.
Origin of the Norton-type wave scattered by a subwavelength metallic slit (2015)

We clarify analytically and numerically the physical origin and the behavior of the Norton field scattered by a narrow slit, at optical frequencies. This apparent surface field, which comes in addition to the surface plasmon-polariton and classic cylindrical light waves, features its own radiation lobe associated with oscillating induced currents that spread over both horizontal metallic parts forming the slit. Theory is given taking into account the finite size of the aperture and is illustrated with materials such as gold and amorphous silicon in different spectral regions.
Evaluation of a PSMA-targeted BNF nanoparticle construct (2015)

Early detection enables improved prognosis for prostate cancer (PCa). A promising target for imaging and therapy of PCa is the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which exhibits both expression within the epithelium of PCa cells, and becomes internalized upon ligand binding. Here we report the synthesis of a PSMA-targeted bionized nanoferrite (BNF) nanoparticle and its biological evaluation in an experimental model of PCa. The BNF nanoparticle formulation exhibits properties conducive to targeted imaging such as stealth, prolonged circulation time and enhanced clearance from non-target sites. Optical imaging of the targeted BNF in vivo indicates preferential accumulation in PSMA+ tumors 4 h post-injection, suggesting target specificity. On the other hand, non-targeted nanoparticles exhibit lower uptake with similar accumulation in both PSMA+ and PSMA- tumors indicating tumor access without preferential accumulation. Imaging with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and biodistribution studies of a modified construct indicate highest tumor accumulation at 48 h post-injection [4.3 ± 0.4 percentage injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID g(-1))], with tumor/blood and tumor/muscle ratios of 7.5 ± 2.4 and 11.6 ± 1.2 %ID g(-1), respectively. Ex vivo fluorescence microscopy, Prussian blue staining, immunohistochemistry and biodistribution studies confirm enhanced nanoparticle uptake in PSMA+ tumors compared to those not expressing PSMA. The BNF nano-formulation described is promising for PSMA-targeted imaging applications in vivo.
EFFECT OF SOMATOSTATIN ON BASAL AND GLUCOSE INDUCED INSULIN RELEASE IN FIVE PATIENTS WITH HYPERINSULINAEMIA (1976)

Somatostatin in a dose of 490 mug over 90 min inhibited basal insulin release in one subject with hyperplasia of the pancreatic islets and in two with benign insulin secreting adenomas. These three subjects also showed a marked insulin response to glucose infusion. No inhibitory effect of somatostatin was observed in two patients with benign insulinomas who demonstrated only a minor response to glucose. In the patient with islet hyperplasia and in one of the adenoma patients, who had an exaggerated insulin response to glucose (maximal response 10-30 times the basal insulin value), somatostatin also suppressed glucose induced insulin release. Our data suggest a beneficial therapeutic effect of somatostatin in patients with spontaneous hyperinsulinism with a pronounced insulin response to glucose.
Black Phosphorus (BP) Nanodots for Potential Biomedical Applications (2015)

Recently, the appeal of 2D black phosphorus (BP) has been rising due to its unique optical and electronic properties with a tunable band gap (≈0.3-1.5 eV). While numerous research efforts have recently been devoted to nano- and optoelectronic applications of BP, no attention has been paid to promising medical applications. In this article, the preparation of BP-nanodots of a few nm to <20 nm with an average diameter of ≈10 nm and height of ≈8.7 nm is reported by a modified ultrasonication-assisted solution method. Stable formation of nontoxic phosphates and phosphonates from BP crystals with exposure in water or air is observed. As for the BP-nanodot crystals' stability (ionization and persistence of fluorescent intensity) in aqueous solution, after 10 d, ≈80% at 1.5 mg mL(-1) are degraded (i.e., ionized) in phosphate buffered saline. They showed no or little cytotoxic cell-viability effects in vitro involving blue- and green-fluorescence cell imaging. Thus, BP-nanodots can be considered a promising agent for drug delivery or cellular tracking systems.
Abstract PO-134: Identification of the cells of origin and tumor heterogeneity in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) by single-cell analysis (2020)

Abstract Lineage plasticity has emerged as an important mechanism of therapeutic resistance in prostate cancer treated with a newer generation of AR signaling inhibitor (ARSi). As a consequence of lineage plasticity, treatment resistant prostate cancer loses epithelial cell identity, acquires stem cell-like properties and transforms into a neuroendocrine lineage. Loss of function mutations in Tp53, Rb1 and Pten are enriched in human neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). To understand the cell of origin and the molecular mechanism underlying lineage plasticity and NEPC development, we have used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology to profile a genetically engineered mouse model with probasin-Cre driven Tp53, Rb1 and Pten deletions (referred to as TKO mouse) and Rb1 and Pten deletions (referred to as DKO mouse). We have profiled ~70,000 single cells from 16 mice of various ages and 6 additional mice that have undergone castration with or without testosterone addback. Our scRNA-seq analysis captures a developmental trajectory from luminal adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine tumor, suggesting a newly discovered luminal cell type (L2) within the normal prostate may be the preferred cell of origin for NEPC development. Furthermore, combining scRNA-seq, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis, we reveal tremendous heterogeneity within the neuroendocrine tumors with differential expression of several putative drivers, including SOX2, EZH2, AURKA, NMYC and POU2F3. Many of these genes have been previously implicated as drivers of NEPC development, while POU2F3 has been identified as a defining marker for a Tuft-variant small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Lastly, we have preliminary evidence that castration may have the potential to accelerate the transition from adenocarcinoma to NEPC, while adding back testosterone may delay the process in the TKO mice. Overall, in this study, we have identified a luminal L2 population as the putative preferred cell of origin for NEPC in the TKO model and revealed a previous under-appreciated heterogeneity within NEPC with differential expression of driver transcriptional, epigenetic and cell cycle regulators, which mirrors what has been described in the SCLC field. Citation Format: Jimmy L. Zhao, Samir Zaidi, Joseph Chan, Kristine Wadosky, Wouter Karthaus, Danielle Choi, Aura Agudelo Rivera, Anuradha Gopalan, Dana Rathkopf, Brett Carver, Wassim Abida, Howard Scher, Yu Chen, David Goodrich, Dana Pe’er, Charles L. Sawyers. Identification of the cells of origin and tumor heterogeneity in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) by single-cell analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-134.
Serogroup B meningococcal disease in the Norwegian armed forces. What can we learn from an inconclusive vaccine protection trial? (1997)

Military recruits serving in the armed forces were severely affected during the latest serogroup B meningococcal epidemic in Norway. The risk of developing systemic meningococcal disease (SMD) proved highest during the first 12 weeks of service. A double-blind, placebo-controlled protection trial with a meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine took place between 1988 and 1991, but the number of proven SMD cases was too low to allow for any conclusions. However, the results of a parallel efficacy study of the same vaccine among students in secondary school, cross-society examinations for asymptomatic throat carriage of meningococci and recent immunogenicity studies after two- and three-dose vaccination schedules, suggest that a basic immunization of young teenagers followed by a booster injection at enrolment would contribute significantly to preventing SMD in the armed forces.
Sub-Threshold Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Mid-UV AlGaN Laser Diode Structures Pseudomorphically Grown on Bulk AlN (2012)

AlGaN based heterostructures exhibit photo-pumped stimulated emission out to 237 nm with a switched from TE to TM polarized observed. PL lifetimes reflect the stronger exciton binding energy of the higher Al content material.
M-Vac (Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin and Cisplatin) for Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urothelium (1988)

Of 92 patients who received methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin complete and partial remissions were observed in 69 +/- 10 per cent of 83 adequately treated measurable and evaluable patients with advanced stages (N+M0 and N0M+) transitional cell urothelial cancer. Complete remission was achieved in 37 +/- 10 per cent of the patients clinically, pathologically and after surgical resection of residual disease. With 17 of 31 complete responders (55 per cent) surviving for 26+ to 49+ months, the estimated probability of survival at 2 and 3 years was 71 and 55 per cent, respectively. Partial remission occurred in 31 +/- 10 per cent of the patients, while 8 per cent had a minor response and 23 per cent had progression with median survivals of 11, 11 and 7 months, respectively. Whereas all metastatic sites responded, including the bone and liver, complete tumor regression was observed more frequently with nodal, pulmonary and local-regional lesions. Brain metastases occurred within 6 to 42 months in 18 per cent of the responders, half of whom never had systemic relapse. Of the remaining 9 patients 2 with nontransitional cell histological tumors did not respond, 5 (5 per cent) were inadequately treated and 2 were excluded from response data because of inevaluable disease parameters but they were free of disease at 16+ and 31+ months. Toxicity was significant, with 20 per cent of the patients experiencing nadir sepsis, 4 per cent a drug-related death, 31 per cent +1 renal toxicity and 41 per cent +1 mucositis. The applications and advantages of the newly proposed international response criteria for bladder cancer are discussed in reference to 25 patients who underwent surgical re-staging, indicating that the disease was understaged clinically in 24 per cent (T less than P), as well as in reference to attainment of true (pathological) complete remission and to other urothelial tract trials. While this therapy seems to have limited antitumor activity against nontransitional cell histological cancer, stage Tis disease and later development of de novo lesions, the regimen is efficacious in selected patients with advanced urothelial tract transitional cell carcinoma.
Planning with Tradable Reservations in Mobile Assistants operating in Resource Constrained Environments (2004)

(Under the direction of Peter Wurman) Mobile devices are hand held devices used to deliver time sensitive and locale specific information to the users. In multi-user environments with limited resources, agents running on mobile devices as assistants to their users improve the social welfare in the presence of tradable reservations. The purpose of this research is to show the benefits of planning in such an environment. By conducting various experiments we study the effects, when complex plans are generated to satisfy the user specified constraints and environment enforced constraints. We observe that with tradable reservations the social welfare increases with increase in planning horizon. We also observe that tradable reservations and clairvoyance help the users satisfy their preferences and constraints imposed by environment without loss in social welfare.
Immune correlates of tuberculosis disease and risk translate across species (2020)

One quarter of the world's population is infected with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Although most infected individuals successfully control or clear the infection, some individuals will progress to TB disease. Immune correlates identified using animal models are not always effectively translated to human TB, thus resulting in a slow pace of translational discoveries from animal models to human TB for many platforms including vaccines, therapeutics, biomarkers, and diagnostic discovery. Therefore, it is critical to improve our poor understanding of immune correlates of disease and protection that are shared across animal TB models and human TB. In this study, we have provided an in-depth identification of the conserved and diversified gene/immune pathways in TB models of nonhuman primate and diversity outbred mouse and human TB. Our results show that prominent differentially expressed genes/pathways induced during TB disease progression are conserved in genetically diverse mice, macaques, and humans. In addition, using gene-deficient inbred mouse models, we have addressed the functional role of individual genes comprising the gene signature of disease progression seen in humans with <i>Mtb</i> infection. We show that genes representing specific immune pathways can be protective, detrimental, or redundant in controlling <i>Mtb</i> infection and translate into identifying immune pathways that mediate TB immunopathology in humans. Together, our cross-species findings provide insights into modeling TB disease and the immunological basis of TB disease progression.
Filler concentration effects on losses in silicone based polymeric composites (2003)

Silicone polymer based rubber with different concentrations of powdered aluminum trihydrate (ATH) as filler were studied. Dielectric properties /spl chi/*(/spl omega/)=/spl chi/'-i/spl chi/'' were measured at different temperatures using low frequency dielectric spectroscopy technique. Without any ATH filler a classical interfacial relaxation was significant with dominating dc conduction in losses, /spl chi/''. By increasing the concentration of the filler a low frequency dispersion mechanism started to dominated in the relaxation behavior. With adding the filler, the dc conduction first decreased and then increased again after a certain concentration level was passed. This behavior showed that the filler particles acted like scattering centers or traps for conduction when the concentration was low. As the concentration increased the conductivity of the filler particles and of the interface (between filler particles and the polymer matrix) started to dominate the conduction. Master curve shifts of the data also showed Arrhenius type of behavior.