gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of critical micellar concentration through ultrasonic velocity measurements (1995)

Abstract A technique based on ultrasound propagation velocity measurements has been developed to investigate surfactant's behavior in aqueous solutions. Applications to the estimation of the critical micellar concentration of two emulsifiers, sodium dodecyl sulfate and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, and a mixture of them are discussed. A simple model was developed to interpret the experimental ultrasound propagation velocity measurements. The model provides a theoretical foundation to the experimental results as well as a valuable tool for smoothing out the disturbances affecting the experimental data. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Rapid Quantification of 4,4′-Methylenedianiline by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2017)

Methylenedianiline (MDA) is a common industrial chemical with health and product safety concerns. Common analysis methods require many steps including extraction and derivatization ending in GC/MS or HPLC analysis, which minimize its use as an on-line or at-line technique. The procedure can take hours, prohibiting its use as a real-time decision-making tool as well as using valuable resources and laboratory space. The new method presented here has been validated for MDA quantification in industrial grease samples over the concentration range of 1-40 ppm 4,4'-MDA. We present comparative results to the currently accepted method with excellent fidelity. This analytical method using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy reduces sample preparation and analysis time by more than an hour while preserving method accuracy, specificity, and dynamic range.
Asbestos-related cancers: the ‘Hidden Killer’ remains a global threat (2020)

<b>Introduction</b>: Asbestos, the most frequent cause of occupational cancer, continues to be consumed on a massive scale, with millions of people exposed on a daily basis. This review explains why we have failed in curtailing the silent epidemic of asbestos-related disease and why the numbers of asbestos victims are likely to remain high. Emerging and developed countries have to be reminded that asbestos exposure has yet to become a problem of the past. The worldwide spread of asbestos, followed by the surge of asbestos-related cancers, resembles the lung cancer epidemic caused by smoking and stimulated by manufacturers.<b>Areas covered</b>: Underreporting of malignant mesothelioma and asbestos-induced lung cancer, frequently-used arguments in the amphibole/chrysotile debate and the conclusion from bona-fide research organizations, that all forms of asbestos are carcinogenic, are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the consequences of ubiquitous environmental asbestos and the 'changing face' of malignant mesothelioma in countries with heavy asbestos use in the past.<b>Expert opinion</b>: Experts in oncology, respiratory medicine, occupational and public health, and basic researchers must take responsibility and acknowledge the ongoing silent epidemic of asbestos-related diseases. The call for a world-wide asbestos ban is more urgent than ever.
One year of experience with combined pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenetic monitoring of anti-TNF alpha agents: a retrospective study (2023)

Abstract Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) inhibitors are used extensively for the management of moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in both adult and pediatric patients. Unfortunately, not all patients show optimal response to induction therapy, while others lose their response over time, for reasons yet poorly understood. We report on a pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenetic approach to monitor the therapy with anti-TNFα in a real-world cohort of seventy-nine pediatric patients affected by IBD that was analyzed retrospectively. We evaluated serum concentrations of infliximab, adalimumab and related anti-drug antibodies (ADAs), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in immune processes and inflammation on anti-TNFα response. We found a significant association between the SNP in TNFα promoter (-308G &gt; A) and clinical remission without steroids in patients on infliximab therapy. Additionally, a potential connection between HLA-DQA1*05 genetic variant carriers and a higher risk of anti-TNFα immunogenicity emerged.
Human Leukocyte Antigen-Specific Antibodies and Gamma-Interferon Stimulate Human Microvascular and Glomerular Endothelial Cells to Produce Complement Factor C4 (2012)

We have shown for the first time that human microvascular endothelium can be stimulated to synthesize C4 in vitro. The implications of this for clinical transplantation, especially in the context of antibody-mediated rejection, its histological interpretation and as a potential target for therapy would have to be determined by further studies.
Mark‐Resight Population Estimation with Imperfect Observations (1996)

Minta and Mangel (1989) developed a Monte Carlo method for estimating population size from mark—resight data in which there is considerable variability in the resighting frequencies among individuals and irregular census surveys. Their method assumed that sightings were perfect, so that all animals present (marked or unmarked) were resighted. We describe an updated version that allows a proportion 1 — p of the individuals present to be overlooked during censusing. We compare confidence interval coverage for the original method and the updated method using simulated data sets, describe a method to estimate p, and evaluate how error in estimating p affects confidence interval coverage. The updated method for estimating a confidence interval performs considerably better than the original estimate. We find that p can be overestimated by 30% or underestimated by 10% and the confidence interval generated still includes the true population size 90% of the time. This technique may improve confidence interval estimates for small and threatened populations.
Mechanical characterization of electron-beam resist using micromachined structures (1999)

In this effort the residual strain in exposed negative tone SAL 605 and unexposed positive tone APEX-E resists was characterized for a variety of processing conditions using surface micromachined bent-beam strain sensors fabricated with resist as the structural material. Results showed that SAL 605 is in 1035–1230 μstrain compression, whereas APEX-E is in 653–690 μstrain tension for the conditions tested. Residual stress in APEX-E was also determined by wafer curvature measurements. The ratio of the residual stress to strain at room temperature indicated that the Young’s modulus of this material is 21±5 GPa. The temperature dependence of the stress indicated that the glass transition temperature for APEX-E is 118±2 °C, and its coefficient of thermal expansion is 11.0±2.5 ppm/K.
Effect of EtOMgCl Salt to Suppress Reductive Decomposition of TFSI<sup>−</sup> Anion in Electrolyte for Magnesium Rechargeable Battery (2022)

The relationship between reductive decomposition of anion and the efficiency of magnesium deposition was investigated in magnesium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (Mg(TFSI)2) salt and triglyme (G3) solvent without and with magnesium ethoxy chloride (EtOMgCl) salt. Cyclic voltammetry, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, in situ infrared spectroscopy during deposition–dissolution of magnesium and Raman spectroscopy were conducted. Coulombic efficiency for magnesium deposition was also calculated by chrono amperometry. In Mg(TFSI)2/G3 (molar ratio of 1/15), magnesium was hardly deposited. In EtOMgCl/Mg(TFSI)2/G3 (molar ratio of 2/1/15), magnesium was deposited efficiently. The reduction of TFSI− anion occurred in Mg(TFSI)2/G3 during magnesium deposition, while the reduction was suppressed in EtOMgCl/Mg(TFSI)2/G3. The addition of EtOMgCl salt can suppress the reduction of TFSI− anion, leading to highly efficient magnesium deposition.
On the Constitutive Response Characterization for Composite Materials via Data-Driven Design Optimization (2011)

In the present paper we focus on demonstrating the use of design optimization for the constitutive characterization of anisotropic material systems such as polymer matrix composites, with or without damage. All approaches are based on the availability of experimental data originating from mechatronic material testing systems that can expose specimens to multidimensional loading paths and can automate the acquisition of data representing the excitation and response behavior of the specimens involved. Material characterization is achieved by minimizing the difference between experimentally measured and analytically computed system responses as described by strain fields and surface strain energy densities. A one dimensional model is presented first to elucidate the design optimization for the general non-linear constitutive response. Small and large strain formulations based on strain energy density decompositions are developed and utilized for determining the constitutive behavior of composite materials. Examples based on both synthetic and actual data demonstrate the successful application of design optimization for constitutive characterization.
Design and kinematic characterization of a surgical manipulator with a focus on treating osteolysis (2013)

SUMMARY This paper presents a cable-driven dexterous manipulator with a large, open lumen. One specific application for the manipulator is the treatment of the degeneration of bone tissue (osteolysis) during a less-invasive hip revision surgery. Rigid tools used in traditional approaches limit the surgeons' ability to comprehensively treat the osteolysis due to the complex geometries of the lesion. The surgical scenario, testing, kinematic modeling, and image-based inverse kinematics are described. Testing shows 94% coverage of a lesion wall; the kinematic model describes manipulator notch positions within 0.15 mm, while the image-based inverse kinematics has 0.36 mm error. This manipulator is potentially useful in treating osteolytic lesions through (1) effective lesion exploration compared to conventional techniques, and (2) rapidly performing inverse kinematics from visual feedback.
Mental stress and cognitive performance do not increase overall level of cerebral O2 uptake in humans (1992)

We measured cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral lactate output during rest, during the execution of mental arithmetic, and during mental stress induced by physical and psychological annoyance. Measurements were performed in healthy volunteers by use of the Kety-Schmidt technique with 133Xe as the inert gas. Electroencephalographic desynchronization and highly significant increases in plasma catecholamines and heart rate verified that the test measurements were performed during conditions differing distinctly from the resting state. In accordance with an earlier study (Sokoloff et al. J. Clin. Invest. 34: 1101-1108, 1985), a minimal and nonsignificant 1% reduction of global CMRO2 during mental arithmetic was observed, signifying that this form of mental activation was unassociated with any detectable increase in overall cerebral synaptic activity. Mental stress induced a slight but highly significant (P less than 0.002) 6% reduction in global CMRO2. This finding is in contrast to results from earlier investigations and contradicts the generally accepted notion of an association between mental arousal and a diffuse upregulation of cerebral synaptic activity. During mental arithmetic and mental stress, cerebral lactate output increased by 207 and 344%, respectively, but because of large individual variations in the measured responses, the elevations reached statistical significance only during mental arithmetic.
The design of bug fixes (2013)

When software engineers fix bugs, they may have several options as to how to fix those bugs. Which fix they choose has many implications, both for practitioners and researchers: What is the risk of introducing other bugs during the fix? Is the bug fix in the same code that caused the bug? Is the change fixing the cause or just covering a symptom? In this paper, we investigate alternative fixes to bugs and present an empirical study of how engineers make design choices about how to fix bugs. Based on qualitative interviews with 40 engineers working on a variety of products, data from 6 bug triage meetings, and a survey filled out by 326 engineers, we found a number of factors, many of them non-technical, that influence how bugs are fixed, such as how close to release the software is. We also discuss several implications for research and practice, including ways to make bug prediction and localization more accurate.
Coalescence instable lors du mélange de microgouttes aqueuses suspendues dans de l’huile silicone (2007)

Cet article présente une nouvelle façon de combiner et mélanger des réactifs à l’intérieur d’une gouttelette, qui peut alors être utilisée comme un micro réacteur biochimique. Ceci est réalisé grâce à la coalescence de gouttelettes suspendues à des microcapillaires immergés dans de l’huile silicone. On montre que les gouttelettes peuvent interagir de deux façons différentes. Elles peuvent coalescer de manière stable en formant un pont liquide permanent entre les deux capillaires. Elles peuvent aussi coalescer de manière très rapide et très instable pour finalement aboutir à une seule gouttelette attachée à l’extrémité d’un des deux capillaires. La gamme des volumes que ce système peut combiner est remarquablement élargie si la gouttelette hôte est suspendue à un microcapillaire de plus grand diamètre. Ceci garantit que le détachement de la goutte après coalescence se produit près du capillaire le plus petit, ce qui permet ainsi de contrôler la direction de déplacement de l’échantillon microfluidique. Un modèle du phénomène de coalescence instable, basé sur l’énergie de surface des gouttelettes, donne des résultats en bon accord avec les données expérimentales déduites des visualisations réalisées à l’aide d’une caméra rapide.
Prostaglandin E2Causes Contraction of Rat Aortic Rings by Activating Thromboxane A2/endoperoxide Receptors (1994)

Prostaglandin (PG) I2 causes vasoconstriction in isolated blood vessels and yet lowers blood pressure. This study was conducted to study the vascular effects of PGE2 on isolated vascular tissues. PGE2 (10–2000 ng/ml) caused a concentration-dependent contraction of quiescent rat aortic rings, and the contraction was greater in endothelium-denuded than in endothelium-intact rings. PGE2-induced contraction was also enhanced by prior treatment of quiescent endothelium-intact rat aortic rings with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), or the nitric oxide inactivator oxyhemoglobin. PGE2 also caused an additional contraction of norepinephrine (NE)-precontracted rat aortic rings, but the additional contraction was similar in endothelium-intact or de-endothelialized rings. Pretreatment of endothelium-intact NE precontracted rings with L-NAME, or oxyhemoglobin, or the endothelin A and B receptors antagonist PD-142,893, or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin did not affect the PGE2-induced contraction. On the other hand, pretreatment of endothelium-intact and denuded rings with the thromboxane A2/endoperoxide receptor antagonist SQ29548 almost completely abolished the PGE2-induced contraction. These observations indicate that the contractile effects of PGE2 on quiescent rat aortic rings are endothelium-affectable, dependent but independent of endothelial integrity or function in NE-precontracted rings. Lastly, PGE2 appears to cause contraction of rat aortic rings via activation of thromboxane A2/endoperoxide receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells.
Fault Current Limiting System for 500kV Power Systems (1997)

Recently, expansion in the scale of power systems and development of the localized power sources are leading to an increase in fault current of 500kV systems. In future, it is quite likely that the fault current at the interconnection of such power systems may exceed the rated short-time current of existing electric power facilities. As one of the solutions to this problem, a thyristor controlled series resonant type fault current limiter (FCL) is proposed to restrain the fault current. This paper deals with the FCL system configuration, the placement method of the FCL in power system, the outline of the FCL's specification and the operation method of the protective relay in the multi-machine system. Finally, the effectiveness of the FCL is evaluated from the viewpoints of limiting the fault current by simulation analysis. The FCL is shown to be a useful protection device for large, high capacity power systems.
L- and S-band 50-watt power GaAs MESFETs (2002)

L- and S-band high power GaAs FETs have been developed. At 1.8 GHz, the FET delivers an output power at 1 dB gain-compression point of 42.7 W (46.3 dBm) with 13.3 dB gain and 42% power-added efficiency, and a saturated output power of 51.3 W (47.1 dBm). The developed FETs will contribute to improve the performance of microwave SSPAs used in various radar and communication systems which require higher output power and low distortion.
Comparison Studies of Several Microphone Robustness Techniques (1994)

We study the effectiveness of various microphone robustness techniques from the viewpoint of speech recognition, utilizing the ARPA-sponsored Wall Street Journal (WSJ) data base [1]. Two of the techniques considered are being introduced in this paper: two cepstral normalization algorithms utilizing the artificial neural network techniques Self Organizing Map (SOM) and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ). The algorithms obtained are low- complexity non-parametric counterparts of the parametric approaches Codeword-dependent Cepstral Normalization (CDCN) and Fixed CDCN (FCDCN). The other techniques considered are Cepstral Mean Normalization (CMN), RASTA, SNR-dependent Cepstral Normalization (SDCN), Interpolated SDCN (ISDCN), CDCN, FCDCN; some of these techniques require one or more of the following information: stereo data, SNR estimate, single microphone data for adaptation, and knowledge of the microphone used for the specific data under test. We determine the effectiveness in several ways: (i) scattergram plot of the speech frame parameter vector (usually a cepstral vector), (ii) adjusted deviation ratio, measured from scattergram, and (iii) correctness of classifying a test vector into a vector code book. All these measures have direct correlation with speech recognition performance, which will be measured with experiments to be conducted.
High cooling power density SiGe/Si micro-coolers (2001)

SiGe/Si superlattice micro-coolers are investigated experimentally. They can be monolithically integrated with Si-based microelectronic devices to achieve localised cooling and temperature control. Cooling by as much as 4.2 K at 25°C and 12 K at 200°C was measured on 3 µm thick, 60 × 60 µm2 devices. This corresponds to maximum cooling power densities approaching kW/cm2.
Making reliable memories in an unreliable world (invited) (2013)

Reliability is a key concern for VLSI circuits especially so for latches and memories due to their small feature sizes. Particularly, for SRAM cell designs Bias Temperature Instability effects have significant implications on functionality and performance. Here we propose through simulation and modeling an efficient statistical methodology to evaluate and minimize the aging of memory chips. Redundancy has been typically used to resolve failing parts at beginning-of-life. In this approach, we propose to use redundancy to repair critical parts that are most susceptible to aging, thereby optimizing end-of-life yield. Our methodology enables what would have been a very expensive and exhaustive hardware testing approach by identifying optimal repair corners via fast statistical simulations. The methodology takes into consideration reliability effects in the presence of random process variation. This in turn identifies critical repair parts for optimal yield and helps minimize the ever increasing field failure problem.
Cluster-Based Transmit Diversity Scheme for MIMO OFDM Systems (2008)

For practical multi-input multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, it is important to develop transmit diversity schemes that are transparent to a receiver in that the receiver does not need to perform additional processing. In this paper, we examine one of the most widely-used receiver-transparent transmit diversity schemes - the cyclic delay diversity (CDD) scheme. It is shown that the CDD scheme effectively increases the delay spread of the channel and that the performance degrades under non-ideal channel estimation. As a remedy to the performance loss due to non-ideal channel estimation, a cluster-based transmit diversity scheme is proposed, which garners almost all the benefits of the CDD scheme without degrading the performance of a cluster- based channel estimation. The simulation results are provided in the realistic setting of IEEE 802.16e WiMAX systems.
H2NEW LTE: Manufacturing, Scale-Up, and Integration (2022)

This is a poster presentation for the Task 3 effort of the H2NEW (Hydrogen (H2) from Next-generation Electrolyzers of Water) consortium on manufacturing, scale-up and cell integration.
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Vascular Remodeling by Endothelial Akt Signaling (2007)

Since the initial identification of several classes of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands as crucial mediators of vascular development, considerable progress has been made toward understanding the process of angiogenesis at sites of tissue growth and/or repair (1,2). A number of clinical trials are currently evaluating angiogenic ligands for their ability to induce neovascularization in ischemic tissues (3,4), and the intracellular signaling pathways that mediate the proangiogenic effects of these growth factors are being extensively investigated. Among a number of signaling pathways activated by angiogenic growth factors, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is of particular interest because it regulates downstream target molecules that are potentially involved in blood vessel growth and homeostasis, and thus seems to be a major mediator that couples “inputs” with “outputs” in the endothelium.
A 2D imaging dosimeter for photodynamic therapy (2019)

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a promising modality for cancer treatment. Typically, a laser is used to photo-excite a photosensitizer (PS) that subsequently collides with oxygen molecules promoting them to the metastable singlet delta state O<sub>2</sub>(<sup>1</sup>&Delta;). Singlet oxygen molecules are believed to be the species that destroys cancerous cells during PDT. In this paper we describe a novel 2D imaging sensor for photosensitizer fluorescence and singlet oxygen luminescence. We describe our instrument and initial results from both in-vitro and in-vivo studies that indicate that this system may be a valuable dosimeter for both PDT researchers and eventually for clinical application.
Molecular factors that determine Curie spin relaxation in dysprosium complexes† (2001)

Dysprosium complexes can serve as transverse relaxation (T(2)) agents for water protons through chemical exchange and the Curie spin relaxation mechanism. Using a pair of matched dysprosium(III) complexes, Dy-L1 (contains one inner-sphere water) and Dy-L2 (no inner-sphere water), it is shown that the transverse relaxation of bulk water is predominantly an inner-sphere effect. The kinetics of water exchange at Dy-L1 were determined by (17)O NMR. Proton transverse relaxation by Dy-L1 at high fields is governed primarily through a large chemical shift difference between free and bound water. Dy-L1 forms a noncovalent adduct with human serum albumin which dramatically lengthens the rotational correlation time, tau(R), causing the dipole-dipole component of the Curie spin mechanism to become significant and transverse relaxivity to increase by 3-8 times that of the unbound chelate. These findings aid in the design of new molecular species as efficient r(2) agents.