gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lattice‐Strain Engineering of Homogeneous NiS0.5Se0.5 Core–Shell Nanostructure as a Highly Efficient and Robust Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting (2020)

Developing highly-efficient non-noble-metal electrocatalysts for water splitting is crucial for the development of clean and reversible hydrogen energy. Introducing lattice strain is an effective strategy to develop efficient electrocatalysts. However, lattice strain is typically co-created with heterostructure, vacancy, or substrate effects, which complicate the identification of the strain-activity correlation. Herein, a series of lattice-strained homogeneous NiS<sub>x</sub> Se<sub>1-</sub> <sub>x</sub> nanosheets@nanorods hybrids are designed and synthesized by a facile strategy. The NiS<sub>0.5</sub> Se<sub>0.5</sub> with ≈2.7% lattice strain exhibits outstanding activity for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER), affording low overpotentials of 70 and 257 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> , respectively, as well as excellent long-term durability even at a large current density of 100 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> (300 h), significantly superior to other benchmarks and the precious metal catalysts. Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the generated lattice strain decreases the metal d-orbital overlap, leading to a narrower bandwidth and a closer d-band center toward the Fermi level. Thus, NiS<sub>0.5</sub> Se<sub>0.5</sub> possesses favorable H* adsorption kinetics for HER and lower energy barriers for OER. This work provides a new insight to regulate the lattice strain of advanced catalyst materials and further improve the performance of energy conversion technologies.
Interplay of Grain Size, Crystal Orientation, and Performance in Mixedion Lead Halide Perovskite Films (2018)

Mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskite thin-films are a promising alternative to methylammonium lead iodide due to higher long-term stability, photostability and bandgap tenability. However, the crystallinity of the absorber layer plays an important role for charge carrier collection as well as for an efficient transport between the different device layers. In this contribution, we investigate the influence of grain size by changing the molar concentration of the perovskite precursor containing Rb, Cs, MA, FA, Pb, I and Br on the charge carrier dynamics. We find that with increasing molar precursor concentration, the grain sizes increase and the perovskite grains become more oriented with an improved charge carrier lifetime. In particular, films with small grains show mostly random grain orientation angles, whereas films with larger grains are oriented with {100} planes around an angle of 20° relative to the surface normal. These findings may be the crucial factor in engineering high-quality films leading to high power conversion efficiencies.
Micropower linear circuits (2005)

Carefully formulated optimum designs show that the quiescent power requirements of low frequency, wideband, tuned, and low noise amplifiers as well as oscillators, mixers, and detectors frequently may be reduced more than an order of magnitude.
Optimal integration of intermittent energy sources using distributed multi-step optimization (2012)

The integration of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar into the electric power grid is a coveted yet challenging goal. The difficulties arise from the intermittency of the sources, the required increase in transmission capacity, and the lack of coordination between control entities. In this paper, a method is developed and implemented for the optimal coordination between storage and intermittent resources in multiple control areas. The problem is formulated as a decomposed multi-step optimization problem using the Optimality Condition Decomposition method. This allows reducing the computational effort by dividing the overall optimization problem into subproblems. Simulation results show convergence to the centralized solution and provide an indication of the benefits of coordinating control areas.
Molecular basis for the different binding properties of benzodiazepines to human and bovine peripheral‐type benzodiazepine receptors (1993)

The 18 kDa peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) can be labelled by benzodiazepines, such as Ro5-4864, and isoquinoline carboxamides such as PK11195. These two compounds are reversible competitive inhibitors of each other. However, while the binding affinity of Ro5-4864 varies enormously across species, PK11195 always displays high affinity, suggesting that their binding domains are overlapping but not identical. We report here that recombinant human and bovine PBR produced in yeast, a microorganism devoid of endogenous PBR, can be labelled with [3H]PK11195, but only the human receptor can be labelled with [3H]Ro5-4864. Furthermore, we identified, through the binding analysis of human-bovine chimaeric receptors, a region near the C-terminal end of the PBR, with only five non-conserved amino acids between human and bovine sequences, as responsible for the difference in high affinity binding of Ro5-4864 to the two receptors.
Comparative Analysis of Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Virus-Like Particles or Virus-Infected Mouse Brain Antigens To Detect IgM Antibody in Sera from Patients with Evident Flaviviral Infections (2005)

The use of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) serves as a valuable tool for the diagnosis of acute flaviviral infections, since IgM antibody titers are detectable early, peak at about 2 weeks postinfection, and subsequently decline to lower levels over the next few months. Traditionally, virus-infected tissue culture or suckling mouse brain (SMB) has been the source of viral antigens used in the assay. In an effort to provide a reliable source of standardized viral antigens for serodiagnosis of the medically important flaviviruses, we have developed a eukaryotic plasmid vector to express the premembrane/membrane and envelope proteins which self-assemble into noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs). In addition to the plasmids for Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus (WNV), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) reported earlier, we recently constructed the DENV-1, -3, and -4 VLP expression plasmids. Three blind-coded human serum panels were assembled from patients having recent DENV, SLEV, and WNV infections to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the MAC-ELISA using VLPs or SMB antigens. In addition, serum specimens from patients infected with either Powassan virus or La Crosse encephalitis virus were used to evaluate the cross-reactivity of seven mosquito-borne viral antigens. The results of the present studies showed higher sensitivity when using SLEV and WNV VLPs and higher specificity when using SLEV, WNV, and the mixture of DENV-1 to -4 VLPs in the MAC-ELISA than when using corresponding SMB antigens. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a plot of the sensitivity versus false positive rate (100 - specificity), was applied to discriminate the accuracy of tests comparing the use of VLPs and SMB antigen. The measurement of assay performance by the ROC analysis indicated that there were statistically significant differences in assay performance between DENV and WNV VLPs and the respective SMB antigens. Additionally, VLPs had a lower cutoff positive/negative ratio than corresponding SMB antigens when employed for the confirmation of current infections. The VLPs also performed better than SMB antigens in the MAC-ELISA, as indicated by a higher positive prediction value and positive likelihood ratio test. Cell lines continuously secreting these VLPs are therefore a significantly improved source of serodiagnostic antigens compared to the traditional sources of virus-infected tissue culture or suckling mouse brain.
Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial DNA Control Region and Frailty in Older Adults (2010)

This study supports a role for mitochondrial genetic variation in the frailty syndrome and later life muscle strength, demonstrating the importance of the mitochondrial genome in complex geriatric phenotypes.
Acyclic (S)-glycol nucleic acid (S-GNA) modification of siRNAs improves the safety of RNAi therapeutics while maintaining potency (2023)

Glycol nucleic acid (GNA) is an acyclic nucleic acid analog connected via phosphodiester bonds. Crystal structures of RNA-GNA chimeric duplexes indicated that nucleotides of the right-handed (<i>S</i>)-GNA were better accommodated in the right-handed RNA duplex than were the left-handed (<i>R</i>)-isomers. GNA nucleotides adopt a rotated nucleobase orientation within all duplex contexts, pairing with complementary RNA in a reverse Watson-Crick mode, which explains the inabilities of GNA C and G to form strong base pairs with complementary nucleotides. Transposition of the hydrogen bond donor and acceptor pairs using novel (<i>S</i>)-GNA isocytidine and isoguanosine nucleotides resulted in stable base-pairing with the complementary G and C ribonucleotides, respectively. GNA nucleotide or dinucleotide incorporation into an oligonucleotide increased resistance against 3'-exonuclease-mediated degradation. Consistent with the structural observations, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) modified with (<i>S</i>)-GNA had greater in vitro potencies than identical sequences containing (<i>R</i>)-GNA. (<i>S</i>)-GNA is well tolerated in the seed regions of antisense and sense strands of a GalNAc-conjugated siRNA in vitro. The siRNAs containing a GNA base pair in the seed region had in vivo potency when subcutaneously injected into mice. Importantly, seed pairing destabilization resulting from a single GNA nucleotide at position 7 of the antisense strand mitigated RNAi-mediated off-target effects in a rodent model. Two GNA-modified siRNAs have shown an improved safety profile in humans compared with their non-GNA-modified counterparts, and several additional siRNAs containing the GNA modification are currently in clinical development.
Laser beam projection with adaptive array of fiber collimators I Basic considerations for analysis (2008)

We present a mathematical model and provide an analysis of optical beam director systems composed of adaptive arrays of fiber collimators (subapertures), referred to here as conformal optical systems. Performances of the following two system architectures are compared: A conformal-beam director with mutually incoherent output laser beams transmitted through fiber collimators (beamlets), and a corresponding coherent system whose beamlets can be coherently combined (phase locked) at a remote target plane. The effect of the major characteristics of the conformal systems on the efficiency of laser beam projection is evaluated both analytically and through numerical simulations. The characteristics considered here are the number of fiber collimators and the subaperture and conformal aperture fill factors, as well as the accuracy of beamlet pointing.
Effect of Vinylene Carbonate and Fluoroethylene Carbonate on SEI Formation on Graphitic Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries (2015)

Binder free (BF) graphite electrodes were utilized to investigate the effect of electrolyte additives fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and vinylene carbonate (VC) on the structure of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI). The structure of the SEI has been investigated via ex-situ surface analysis including X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Hard XPS (HAXPES), Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The components of the SEI have been further investigated via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of D2O extractions. The SEI generated on the BF-graphite anode with a standard electrolyte (1.2 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC) / ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), 3/7 (v/v)) is composed primarily of lithium alkyl carbonates (LAC) and LiF. Incorporation of VC (3% wt) results in the generation of a thinner SEI composed of Li2CO3, poly(VC), LAC, and LiF. Incorporation of VC inhibits the generation of LAC and LiF. Incorporation of FEC (3% wt) also results in the generation of a thinner SEI composed of Li2CO3, poly(FEC), LAC, and LiF. The concentration of poly(FEC) is lower than the concentration of poly(VC) and the generation of LAC is inhibited in the presence of FEC. The SEI appears to be a homogeneous film for all electrolytes investigated.
Comparison of Covalently and Noncovalently Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes in Epoxy (2009)

Carbon nanotubes typically require the use of a dispersing or stabilizing agent to prevent significant aggregation during incorporation into a polymer matrix. These additives must be strongly associated, either covalently or physically, to achieve their purpose. In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were dispersed into an epoxy matrix using polyethylenimine (PEI) as a dispersant that was either covalently attached to the nanotubes or physically mixed to result in only noncovalent interaction. Epoxy composites containing covalently modified MWNTs exhibited greater storage modulus and reduced electrical conductivity.
Putting Concrete to Sleep and Waking It Up with Chemical Admixtures (2015)

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Assignment of the 13C chemical shifts of ethidium bromide and analogs in D2O solution (1980)

Abstract The 13 C resonances of ethidum bromide (1), dimidium bromide (2) and 3,8‐diamino‐5‐methylphenanthridinium chloride (3) in D 2 O solution have been assigned. Assignments were made using fully coupled spectra, spectra obtained from a selected 180°‐τ‐90° pulse sequence in conjunction with gated irradiation to obtain NOE intensification, selective proton decoupling, chemical shift arguments and by noting the effect of pD on the 13 C chemical shifts of 1 and 3.
Ultrastructural changes in the Golgi apparatus and secretory granules of HL‐60 cells treated with the imino sugar N‐butyldeoxynojirimycin (1997)

The imino sugar N‐butyldeoxynojirimycin inhibits the N‐linked oligosaccharide processing enzymes α‐glucosidases I and II, and the ceramide specific glucosyltransferase which catalyses the first step in glucosphingolipid biosynthesis. We have studied the effects of this compound on the ultrastructure of HL‐60 cells to identify novel activities of this compound. Treatment of HL‐60 cells with this imino sugar results in several morphological changes within the cell, none of which result in cytotoxicity. The plasma membrane stains heavily with potassium ferrocyanide within 30 min following addition of the compound to the medium, and there is then a time dependent involvement of all other intracellular membranes. Secretory granules become enlarged and lose their dense core morphology and appear either empty and vacuolated or have low density contents. However, the most striking effect of NB‐DNJ treatment is on the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi exhibits a time‐dependent change from typical Golgi morphology to a structure almost completely devoid of cisternae and consisting predominantly of vesicles. All the observed changes are fully reversible on withdrawal of the compound.
On Best-Response Dynamics in Potential Games (2017)

The paper studies the convergence properties of (continuous) best-response dynamics from game theory. Despite their fundamental role in game theory, best-response dynamics are poorly understood in many games of interest due to the discontinuous, set-valued nature of the best-response map. The paper focuses on elucidating several important properties of best-response dynamics in the class of multi-agent games known as potential games---a class of games with fundamental importance in multi-agent systems and distributed control. It is shown that in almost every potential game and for almost every initial condition, the best-response dynamics (i) have a unique solution, (ii) converge to pure-strategy Nash equilibria, and (iii) converge at an exponential rate.
Manufacturing Process Design of a Microchannel Solar Receiver using Electrically-Assisted Embossing (2020)

Manufacturing process design (MPD) represents a design-oriented approach to manufacturing engineering. In this paper, Haynes 230 (H230), a solid solution strengthened Ni-based superalloy, was chosen to meet the material requirements of a microchannel solar receiver (MSR) needed to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of solar thermal power generation. A MPD was developed to enable the cost-effective production of the MSR. This MPD revealed the need to increase the height-to-diameter aspect ratio of posts using electrically-assisted (EA) forming to reduce the mass and cost of MSR fluidic interconnects. Preliminary efforts to validate the MPD through fabrication of sub-scale MSR test articles resulted in several process failures. Among them, die and platen failure, accelerated creep during bonding due to grain refinement as a result of forming. This resulted in poorly formed channels in the final bonded devices. Suggestions for EA forming die material and adjusted forming setup geometry to reduce feature variability are discussed. Results suggest the need to perform solutionizing heat treatments of H230 after EA forming, prior to diffusion bonding, in order to meet the requirements of the MSR. Suggestions for EA forming die material and adjusted forming setup geometry to reduce feature variability are discussed
Bioactive Sesquiterpene Aryl Esters from the Culture Broth of Armillaria sp. (2014)

Two new compounds, 10-dehydroxymelleolide D (1) and 13-hydroxymelleolide K (2), along with seven known compounds, 5'-O-methylmelledonal (3), melleolide D (4), 13-hydroxydihydromelleolide (5), melleolide (6), armillarinin (7), armillaridin (8), and armillarikin (9), were isolated from the culture broth of Armillaria sp. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis. All the compounds inhibited plant growth of lettuce. Melleolide (6) and armillarikin (9) inhibited mycelial growth of Coprinopsis cinerea and/or Flammulina velutipes.
Microstructural characterization of an ultra-precision-machined surface of a Zn–Al alloy (2009)

The surface of a furnace-cooled Zn-Al-based alloy was ultra-precision machined both with and without a coolant. The microstructure and phase decomposition of the ultra-precision-machined surface were studied using back-scattered electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques while the characteristics of the cutting forces were analyzed using the data-dependent systems and power spectrum techniques. The present work reveals that a hardened layer was left on the machined surfaces. The increase in hardness is attributed by two quenched phases identified to be (1 1 1) α and (1 0 1 0) η′T respectively. These quenched structures could be found in samples machined both with and without coolants though the volume fraction of these quenched structures is found to be high in specimens machined with coolants. Heat generation in the course of machining is therefore expected to involve a heating and cooling cycle. The former is due to the cutting process while the latter is due to the heat sink effect of the workpiece and the application of coolants.
Spectrally Efficient Long-Haul WDM Transmission Using 224-Gb/s Polarization-Multiplexed 16-QAM (2010)

We discuss the generation, wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) long-haul transmission, and coherent detection of 224-Gb/s polarization-division-multiplexed (PDM) 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) at a line rate of 28 Gbaud. We measure a required optical signal-to-noise ratio of 23.4 dB (0.1-nm reference bandwidth; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> bit-error ratio), 3.4-dB off the theoretical limit. Using ultra-large-area fiber, we achieve 2000-km single-channel transmission. We also demonstrate 1200-km WDM transmission on a 50-GHz grid (4-b/s/Hz spectral efficiency), including three passes through a wavelength-selective switch.
Dispersion compensation in coherence domain multiplexed communications systems (2002)

Coherence Domain Multiplexing (CDM) is a point-to-point communications system using parallel input to encode bits in coherence-modulated pulse packets. Interferometric detection decodes the bits in parallel, and automatically compensates for fiber linear dispersion. This is similar to existing Coherent CDMA systems, except that direct encoding and detection of the bits in the pulse train eliminates the wasted bandwidth inherent in optical orthogonal code systems. In this paper we demonstrate dispersion compensation in coherence multiplexed systems by transmitting three 100 fs signal pulses and a reference pulse in a packet through an optical fiber.
Trial Production of Titanium Orthodontic Brackets Fabricated by Metal Injection Molding (MIM) with Sintering (1996)

Safety and esthetics are two indispensable factors to consider when fabricating orthodontic brackets. However, these factors are not easily achieved when conventional techniques (including forging and casting) are used in the mass production of titanium brackets, albeit the brackets exhibit excellent biocompatibility. In the present study, orthodontic brackets were manufactured by metal powder injection molding with sintering. Brackets with three different base designs were made and subjected to compression shear tests for evaluation of their bonding strength to enamel substrate. The shapes given to the dimple of the base were spherical, oval, and grooved. The maximum shear forces for each type were 11.1 kgf, 7.6 kgf, and 18.5 kgf, respectively. The bonding strengths of the titanium bracket were equivalent to those obtained with conventional stainless steel brackets. Moreover, uniform distribution of Vickers hardness values (average, 240 +/- 40 Hv) measured at three locations indicated that the titanium bracket was uniformly sintered. Accordingly, titanium brackets thus fabricated exhibit a potential for clinical application.
Transient thermal response of micro-thermal conductivity detector (µTCD) for the identification of gas mixtures: An ultra-fast and low power method (2015)

Abstract Micro-thermal conductivity detector (µTCD) gas sensors work by detecting changes in the thermal conductivity of the surrounding medium and are used as detectors in many applications such as gas chromatography systems. Conventional TCDs use steady-state resistance (i.e., temperature) measurements of a micro-heater. In this work, we developed a new measurement method and hardware configuration based on the processing of the transient response of a low thermal mass TCD to an electric current step. The method was implemented for a 100-µm-long and 1-µm-thick micro-fabricated bridge that consisted of doped polysilicon conductive film passivated with a 200-nm silicon nitride layer. Transient resistance variations of the µTCD in response to a square current pulse were studied in multiple mixtures of dilute gases in nitrogen. Simulations and experimental results are presented and compared for the time resolved and steady-state regime of the sensor response. Thermal analysis and simulation show that the sensor response is exponential in the transient state, that the time constant of this exponential variation was a linear function of the thermal conductivity of the gas ambient, and that the sensor was able to quantify the mixture composition. The level of detection in nitrogen was estimated to be from 25 ppm for helium to 178 ppm for carbon dioxide. With this novel approach, the sensor requires approximately 3.6 nJ for a single measurement and needs only 300 µs of sampling time. This is less than the energy and time required for steady-state DC measurements.