gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time Reversal for the Polarization State in Optical Systems (1992)

Abstract The time-reversal operator for the polarization state can be successfully implemented in any optical system where a beam retraces its path. A Faraday rotator followed by a mirror realizes a device whose representative matrix is similar to the quantum mechanics time-reversal operator for the spin. Any effect of the medium birefringence is cancelled and, for linear polarization, the beam always returns opposite polarized with respect to the entrance state. Analogies with the operation of a phase-conjugation mirror are pointed out and suggested consequences of the novel optical configuration are given.
SIALIC ACIDS ON THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF CULTURED HUMAN LYMPHOID CELLS (1972)

From 61 to 92% of the total sialic acid of a variety of human lymphoid cell lines maintained in tissue culture is present on the cell surface as measured by its susceptibility to cleavage by Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase. These cells contain from 1.22 x 10(8) to 6.99 x 10(8) molecules of surface sialic acid per cell. In synchronized cultures synthesis of surface sialic acid occurs only during a limited time in the late G(2) phase of the cell cycle. The amount and density of surface sialic acid vary considerably throughout the cell cycle.
ToF performance evaluation of a PET insert with Digital Silicon Photomultiplier technology during MR operation (2014)

2012, our group presented the Hyperion IID platform which uses PDPC’s digitial SiPMs (DPC). In this work we use the same platform equipped with scintillator dimensions closer to a clinical application. This allows an investigation of the time of flight (ToF) performance of the platform and its behavior during simultaneous MR operation.

We employ LYSO crystal arrays of 4×4×10 mm³ coupled to 4×4 PDPC DPC 3200-22 sensors allowing a one-to-one coupling of crystals to readout channels. Six sensor stacks are mounted onto a singles processing unit in a 2×3 arrangement. Two units are mounted on a gantry with a diameter of 216 mm. The DPCs are cooled down to approximately 5-10 °C under operation. We disable 20% of the worst cells and use an overvoltage (OV) of 2.0V and 2.5V.

To obtain the best time stamps we use the first photon trigger and employ data quality cuts to filter out crystal scatter events. A narrow energy window of 511±50 keV is used and a minimal light fraction of the main pixel of more than 65% is requested.

Using a Na22 point source in the isocenter of the modules the coincidence resolution time (CRT) of the two modules is evaluated outside the MR and inside the MR using different MR sequences. Gradient stress tests with switching z-gradients are performed.

Inside the B0 field at 2.0V overvoltage the energy resolution is 11.45% (FWHM) and the CRT is 250ps (FWHM). At 2.5V overvoltage, the energy resolution is 11.15% (FWHM) and the CRT is 240ps (FWHM). During the heavy z-gradient sequence the energy resolution is degraded by 4.1% at 2V and 9.2% at 2.5V. The degradation of the CRT is 25% at 2V and 52% at 2.5V OV. During standard TSE and EPI sequences the CRT and energy resolution is not influenced.

The Hyperion IID platform proofs to deliver good timing performance outside and inside an MR. The CRT is not influenced (<0.2%) using normal MR imaging sequences.
Topical ocular delivery of a COX-II inhibitor via biodegradable nanoparticles (2016)

Abstract The present investigation strives to formulate nanoparticles of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), containing celecoxib (CXB), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. The CXB-PCL nanoparticles were formulated by solvent displacement method and optimized based on formulation variables like drug-to-polymer ratio and surfactant concentration. The formulations were characterized for particle dimensions, surface morphology, physicochemical features, percentage drug incorporation efficiency, in vitro drug release, in vitro trans-corneal permeation, in vivo efficacy against arachidonic acid-induced ocular inflammation, and stability study. The prepared nanoparticles were nearly spherical having particle sizes ranging from 89.16±8.2 nm to 191.27±12.1 nm with maximum entrapment efficiency of 97.03±0.20%. The drug release was in sustained fashion (&lt;75% drug released after 8 h) and obeyed zero-order release kinetics. The trans -corneal permeation was significantly higher than the aqueous suspension of CXB (p=0.05). Further, % hydration level was observed within permissible ranges suggesting ocular tolerability. The anti-inflammatory activity was found better as there was observed an improvement in parameters like lid closure score, PMN counts, and protein content against CXB aqueous suspension. The formulations were stable as evident from accelerated stability testing results. Thus, the CXB-PCL nanoparticles may prove a viable alternative to conventional dosage forms offering enhanced ocular bioavailability and compatibility with ocular milieu.
Terahertz response of MSM photodiodes: Monte Carlo simulation (2002)

The ultra-high-frequency response of interdigitated metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes with a GaAs absorbing layer is studied using an ensemble Monte Carlo particle method.
A Real-Time Fuzzy Learning Algorithm for Markov Chain and Its Application on Prediction of Vehicle Speed (2019)

This paper presents a real-time-capable recursive fuzzy learning algorithm (FLA) for learning transition probabilities in Markov Chain (MC) from observed information and its performance on speed prediction. In detail, real-time state transition is observed at each step as the latest information to update the MC. Accordingly FLA locates a parallelogram area in the MC state transition table in a fuzzy way. Cells in this area are updated with different weights such that transition probabilities of the transitions more similar to the observed one receive a bigger increase while those of less similar transitions get a smaller increase. Numeric examples are given to illustrate FLA’s learning pattern, its good prediction capability of vehicle speed and its low computation cost, comparing to normal MC, constant velocity model, constant acceleration model, autoregressive model with exogenous input and back-propagation neural networks.
A terahertz two-wire waveguide with low bending loss (2009)

We present experimental and theoretical evidence for low loss terahertz pulse propagation along a two-wire waveguide. We find that the mode pattern at the end of the waveguide resembles that of a dipole, consistent with the fundamental transverse-electromagnetic mode of the structure. Compared to the weakly guided Sommerfeld wave of a single wire, this structure exhibits much lower bending losses. We also observe that a commercial 300 Ω two-wire TV-antenna cable can be used for guiding frequency components up to ∼0.2 THz, although they are generally designed to operate only up to about 800 MHz.
3GPP LTE Downlink System Performance (2009)

In this paper we quantify 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) Release 8 downlink system performance for a macro cell hexagonal grid scenario. The system performance is analyzed for a closed loop Single User Multi-Input Multi Output (SU-MIMO) mode and compared with Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) and Multi-User (MU) MIMO modes, for a full buffer scenario and static users. In addition to the full buffer scenario, traffic models are considered for SIMO mode to evaluate impact of partial loading and handover. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) system performance is quantified for static users. Mobility simulations are performed for Video Telephony (VT) users and compared to the static case.
Inter-laboratory validation of the measurement of follicle stimulating hormone after various lengths of frozen storage (2019)

Abstract Background Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels are used clinically to evaluate infertility, pituitary and gonadal disorders. With increased frequency of research collaborations across institutions, it is essential that inter-laboratory validation is addressed. Methods An inter-laboratory validation of three commercial FSH immunoassays was performed with human serum samples of varying frozen storage length (2 batches of 15 samples each) at -25 degree C. Percentage differences and Bland-Altman limits of agreement were calculated. Results The inter- and intra-laboratory consistency of FSH values with the same assay manufacturer was much higher after shorter-term storage (frozen for less than 11 months, mean percentage degradation less than 4%) than after long-term storage (2-3 years, mean percentage degradation = 23%). Comparing assay results from different manufacturers, there was similar overall long term degradation as seen with the same manufacturer (-25%), however the degradation was greater when the original FSH was greater than 20 mIU/mL relative to less than 10 mIU/mL (p < 0.001 trend test). Conclusion The findings suggest that degradation of serum samples stored between 11 months and 2-3 years at -25 degrees C can lead to unstable FSH measurements. Inter-laboratory variability due to frozen storage time and manufacturer differences in assay results should be accounted for when designing and implementing research or clinical quality control activities involving serum FSH at multiple study sites.
The Long and Short Isoforms of Ret Function as Independent Signaling Complexes (2002)

Ret, the receptor tyrosine kinase for the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family ligands (GFLs), is alternatively spliced to yield at least two isoforms, Ret9 and Ret51, which differ only in their C termini. To identify tyrosines in Ret that are autophosphorylation sites in neurons, we generated antibodies specific to phosphorylated Y905Ret, Y1015Ret, Y1062Ret, and Y1096Ret, all of which are autophosphorylated in cell lines. All four of these tyrosines in Ret became phosphorylated rapidly upon activation by GFLs in sympathetic neurons. These tyrosines remained phosphorylated in sympathetic neurons in the continued presence of GFLs, albeit at a lower level than immediately after GFL treatment. Comparison of GFL activation of Ret9 and Ret51 revealed that phosphorylation of Tyr(905) and Tyr(1062) was greater and more sustained in Ret9 as compared with Ret51. In contrast, Tyr(1015) was more highly phosphorylated over time in Ret51 than in Ret9. Surprisingly, Ret9 and Ret51 did not associate with each other in sympathetic neurons after glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor stimulation, even though they share identical extracellular domains. Furthermore, the signaling complex associated with Ret9 was markedly different from the Ret51-associated signaling complex. Taken together, these data provide a biochemical basis for the dramatic functional differences between Ret9 and Ret 51 in vivo.
Spatial-Frequency Signal Alignment for Opportunistic Transmission (2014)

In this paper, we investigate opportunistic transmission based on signal alignment for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) cognitive radio (CR) systems, where both primary and secondary users have multiple antennas. In the studied scenario, primary users are transmitting based on OFDM and secondary users generate interference-free transmission to the primary users by using both the spatial and frequency space leftover by the primary system. Moreover, inter- and intra-interference among secondary users are considered as well. The number of symbols that can be transmitted by each secondary user satisfying all interference-free constraints is obtained. Precoding matrix design will be discussed for perfectly- and partially-aligned transmission. Two chordal-distance based schemes, called as exhaustive search algorithm and heuristic algorithm, will be developed for each case. Compared to the traditional time-division multiple-access (TDMA) scheme, the proposed scheme can support more interference-free symbols to be transmitted by secondary users simultaneously.
Myocardial Discontinuities (1998)

Myocardial discontinuities can give rise to activation fronts after a stimulus, suggesting the presence of polarized regions adjacent to the discontinuity.
Impact of $\hbox{CF}_{4}$ Plasma Treatment on GaN (2007)

We present a systematic study of the impact of CF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> plasma treatment on GaN. It was found that CF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> plasma etches GaN at a slow rate and yields a smooth etched surface. The effect of CF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> plasma on electrical characteristics of GaN metal-semiconductor field-effect-transistor structures shows that the CF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> plasma introduces acceptors into the near surface region of the GaN, which depletes mobile electrons. It was further demonstrated that leakage current of AlGaN/GaN (or GaN) Schottky diodes can be significantly suppressed by proper CF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> plasma treatment. These unique properties of CF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> plasma can be utilized for the advanced processing of GaN transistors.
Atomic Structure and Compositional Analysis of 316L Stainless Steel Medical Device Materials with the Local Electrode Atom Probe (2004)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
IntuiciÃ³n, sesgos y heurÃsticas en la teorÃa de la elecciÃ³n (2009)

El Programa de investigaciA³n HeurA­sticas y Sesgos liderado por el economista Amos Tversky (fallecido en 1996) y por el sicA³logo ganador del premio Nobel Daniel Kahneman, ha ofrecido desde 1971 una alternativa al Modelo de la Utilidad Esperada en el campo de la toma de decisiones. Las proposiciones de la de Prospectos enfocada en los aspectos psicolA³gicos que afectan la elecciA³n individual, cuestionan el status normativo de la TeorA­a de la ElecciA³n Racional, sus supuestos y su pretensiA³n predictiva. El presente artA­culo espera ofrecer al lector un contraste entre las dos teorA­as.
<title>Efficient beamshaping of high-power diode lasers using micro-optics</title> (2001)

We designed, fabricated and characterized a micro-optical beamshaping device, intended to optimize the coupling of an incoherent, linearly extended high-power diode-laser into a multimode fiber. The device uses two aligned micro-optical elements (DOEs) in combination with conventional optics. With a first prototype we achieved an overall efficiency of 28 %. Straightforward improvements, like antireflective coatings and the use of graytone elements, should lead to an efficiency of about 50 %. The device is compact and the fabrication is suited for mass production at low cost. We applied three different technologies for the fabrication of the micro-optical elements and compared the performance. The technologies were: direct laser writing, multiple projection photolithography in combination with reactive ion etching (RIE) in fused silica, and high-energy-beam-sensitive (HEBS) glass graytone lithography in photoresist. We found that the refractive type elements (graytone) yield better efficiency for large deflection angles, while diffractive elements give intrinsically accurate deflection angles.
The biology and physiology of somatostatin receptors (2001)

The biology and therapeutic application of somatostatin and its receptors are reviewed. The focus is on recent literature and patents, especially with regard to the specific function of each somatostatin receptor subtype. Detailed mechanisms mediating the effects of somatostatin and its analogues remain to be elucidated. Nevertheless, progress is being made towards a clear picture of the cellular signalling and physiological changes regulated by somatostatin and its receptors.
Plasma-deposited silylation resist for 193 nm lithography (1996)

Plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposited carbon-based polymer films are examined for use as an all-dry positive-tone photoresist for 193 nm lithography. These films are designed to crosslink upon exposure to 193 nm radiation, enabling selective silicon uptake via reaction with hydroxyl groups. After oxygen plasma pattern transfer, features with resolution below 0.25 μm have been obtained.
Dissolvable Metal vs. Dissolvable Plastic in Downhole Hydraulic Fracturing Applications (2016)

Multiple dissolvable materials are becoming available in the energy industry. While dissolvable plastics have their applications, a dissolvable metal has distinct advantages over a dissolvable plastic for hydraulic fracturing. Multiple tests were performed to compare the characteristics of dissolvable metals and dissolvable plastics. The two product families that were explored were dissolvable frac balls and dissolvable frac plugs. For direct comparison, frac balls and frac plugs were constructed using a dissolvable metal and dissolvable plastic. For both dissolvable frac balls, the materials were tested for impact resistance. For both dissolvable frac plugs, the materials were pressure tested. The dissolvable metal frac ball provided higher impact resistance than the dissolvable plastic frac ball. The dissolvable metal frac ball survived impact at 19 bbl/min on ball-to-seat interference as small as 0.035 in. When the same test was performed using a dissolvable plastic ball, the ball shattered and passed through the seat. The seat overlap needed to be increased to 0.125 in. before the dissolvable plastic ball was able to consistently survive impact against the seat. For the frac plugs, the dissolvable plastic was unable to be used as a bottom slip because of the anchoring loads generated while the plug sealed against differential pressure. The dissolvable metal was able to anchor these loads when used as the material for the bottom slip. For a dissolvable plastic mandrel to survive the setting loads, it had to be set in compression. The dissolvable metal mandrel had no issue being set in tension, allowing for the operational setting procedures to be unchanged. Dissolvable plastic also required the inner diameter of the frac plug to be much smaller. Using dissolvable metal instead of dissolvable plastic reduces design requirements for converting non-dissolvable downhole tools to dissolvable ones. Dissolvable metal provides an increased impact resistance, has no issues being set under tension, and allows for using smaller ball-to-seat overlaps, all of which provide more flexibility for use in industry applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Nucleophilic Additions to Cross‐Conjugated Dienone System Bearing β‐Fluorine: A Versatile Approach to Highly Substituted 2‐Cyclopentenones. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Buscopan labeled with carbon‐14 and deuterium (2016)

Hyosine butyl bromide, the active ingredient in Buscopan, is an anticholinergic and antimuscarinic drug used to treat pain and discomfort caused by abdominal cramps. A straightforward synthesis of carbon-14- and deuterium-labeled Buscopan was developed using scopolamine, n-butyl-1-<sup>14</sup> C bromide, and n-butyl-<sup>2</sup> H<sub>9</sub> bromide, respectively. In a second carbon-14 synthesis, the radioactive carbon was incorporated in the tropic acid moiety to follow its metabolism. Herein, we describe the detailed preparations of carbon-14- and deuterium-labeled Buscopan.
Exploring the Earliest Steps in Metastasis: The Pre-metastatic Niche (2011)

Even though significant advances have been made in recent years in the treatment of localized malignancies, metastatic disease remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer. Steven Paget's “seed and soil” hypothesis for metastasis first set forth the concept that a nutritive microenvironment is required to enable the engraftment of disseminating malignant cells in distant tissues. Since his observation more than one hundred years ago, our understanding of the microenvironment at the primary tumor site has expanded. However, the pathophysiology of the local cellular context, or “niche,” at distant metastatic sites that addresses Paget's original hypothesis has not been a focus of intensive research until very recently.
A 3-stage interconnection structure for very large packet switches (1990)

Proposes a three-stage broadband packet-switch architecture for a future central office with more than 16000 ports. The switch is constructed by interconnecting many small independent switch modules, which can be implemented using modifications of various well-studied switch fabric designs. Multiple paths are provided for each input-output pair, and the channel grouping technique is used to decrease delay and increase throughput. A datagram packet routing approach is adopted in order to eliminate the table lookup that will be required by virtual-circuit routing. Ways of guaranteeing the sequence integrity of packets are discussed. It is estimated from performance analyses that 32768-port switches can be constructed and can perform well based on switch fabrics of no more than 128 ports.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Photoinduced Plasmon-Driven Chemistry in trans-1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene Gold Nanosphere Oligomers (2018)

Continuous wave (CW) pump-probe surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is used to examine a range of plasmon-driven chemical behavior in the molecular SERS signal of trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (BPE) adsorbed on individual Au nanosphere oligomers (viz., dimers, trimers, tetramers, etc.). Well-defined new transient modes are caused by high fluence CW pumping at 532 nm and are monitored on the seconds time scale using a low intensity CW probe field at 785 nm. Comparison of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations with the experimental data leads to the conclusion that three independent chemical processes are operative: (1) plasmon-driven electron transfer to form the BPE anion radical; (2) BPE hopping between two adsorption sites; and (3) trans-to- cis-BPE isomerization. Resonance Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy measurements provide further substantiation for the observation of an anion radical species formed via a plasmon-driven electron transfer reaction. Applications of these findings will greatly impact the design of novel plasmonic devices with the future ability to harness new and efficient energetic pathways for both chemical transformation and photocatalysis at the nanoscale level.
Effects of biomechanical forces on signaling in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) (2014)

An increase in tubular fluid flow rate (TFF) stimulates Na reabsorption and K secretion in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) and subjects cells therein to biomechanical forces including fluid shea...