gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two different classes of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes are required for the mono-ubiquitination of proteins and elongation by polyubiquitin chains with a specific topology (2008)

RING (really interesting new gene) and U-box E3 ligases bridge E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and substrates to enable the transfer of ubiquitin to a lysine residue on the substrate or to one of the seven lysine residues of ubiquitin for polyubiquitin chain elongation. Different polyubiquitin chains have different functions. Lys(48)-linked chains target proteins for proteasomal degradation, and Lys(63)-linked chains function in signal transduction, endocytosis and DNA repair. For this reason, chain topology must be tightly controlled. Using the U-box E3 ligase CHIP [C-terminus of the Hsc (heat-shock cognate) 70-interacting protein] and the RING E3 ligase TRAF6 (tumour-necrosis-factor-receptor-associated factor 6) with the E2s Ubc13 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 13)-Uev1a (ubiquitin E2 variant 1a) and UbcH5a, in the present study we demonstrate that Ubc13-Uev1a supports the formation of free Lys(63)-linked polyubiquitin chains not attached to CHIP or TRAF6, whereas UbcH5a catalyses the formation of polyubiquitin chains linked to CHIP and TRAF6 that lack specificity for any lysine residue of ubiquitin. Therefore the abilities of these E2s to ubiquitinate a substrate and to elongate polyubiquitin chains of a specific topology appear to be mutually exclusive. Thus two different classes of E2 may be required to attach a polyubiquitin chain of a particular topology to a substrate: the properties of one E2 are designed to mono-ubiquitinate a substrate with no or little inherent specificity for an acceptor lysine residue, whereas the properties of the second E2 are tailored to the elongation of a polyubiquitin chain using a defined lysine residue of ubiquitin.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted photodynamic therapy enhances the delivery of PSMA-targeted magnetic nanoparticles to PSMA-expressing prostate tumors (2021)

Enhanced vascular permeability in tumors plays an essential role in nanoparticle delivery. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed on the epithelium of aggressive prostate cancers (PCs). Here, we evaluated the feasibility of increasing the delivery of PSMA-targeted magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to tumors by enhancing vascular permeability in PSMA(+) PC tumors with PSMA-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT). <b>Method:</b> PSMA(+) PC3 PIP tumor-bearing mice were given a low-molecular-weight PSMA-targeted photosensitizer and treated with fluorescence image-guided PDT, 4 h after. The mice were then given a PSMA-targeted MNP immediately after PDT and monitored with fluorescence imaging and T<sub>2</sub>-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T<sub>2</sub>-W MRI) 18 h, 42 h, and 66 h after MNP administration. Untreated PSMA(+) PC3 PIP tumor-bearing mice were used as negative controls. <b>Results:</b> An 8-fold increase in the delivery of the PSMA-targeted MNPs was detected using T<sub>2</sub>-W MRI in the pretreated tumors 42 h after PDT, compared to untreated tumors. Additionally, T<sub>2</sub>-W MRIs revealed enhanced peripheral intra-tumoral delivery of the PSMA-targeted MNPs. That finding is in keeping with two-photon microscopy, which revealed higher vascular densities at the tumor periphery. <b>Conclusion:</b> These results suggest that PSMA-targeted PDT enhances the delivery of PSMA-targeted MNPs to PSMA(+) tumors by enhancing the vascular permeability of the tumors.
Solid Electrolyte Oxygen Sensor Using LaF3 Sputtered Film Workable at Room Temperature (1987)

Abstract A solid-state sensor using a sputtered LaF3 film was developed for detecting oxygen at room temperature. The EMF of the sensor varied logarithmically with the oxygen partial pressure. The response of the sensor was much improved by the water vapor treatment at 90 °C for 1 h: the 90% response time at 30 °C was as short as ca. 30 s. A sensing mechanism was proposed.
Invariant Factors (1983)

This appendix presents the theory of invariant factors (also called elementary divisors) of an integral matrix, which we require in §2.3. For convenience, we also extend the notion of invariant factors to rational matrices.
Place Your Bets: The Future of Voice Interfaces to Intelligent Assistants (2019)

The AI Bookie column documents highlights from AI Bets, an online forum for the creation of adjudicatable predictions, in the form of bets, about the future of AI. While it is easy to make broad, generalized, or off‐the‐cuff predictions about the future, it is more difficult to develop predictions that are carefully thought out, concrete, and measurable. This forum was created to help researchers craft predictions whose accuracy can be clearly and unambiguously judged when the bets come due. The bets will be documented both online and regularly in this column. We encourage bets that are rigorously and scientifically argued. We discourage bets that are too general to be evaluated or too specific to an individual or institution. The goal is not to continue to feed the media frenzy and outsized pundit predictions about AI, but rather to curate and promote bets whose outcomes will provide useful feedback to the scientific community. For detailed guidelines and to place bets, visit sciencebets.org .
Symbol-level precoding with per-antenna power constraints for the multi-beam satellite downlink (2016)

This paper tackles the problem of multi-user in- terference in the forward downlink channel of a multi-beam satellite system. A symbol-level precoding scheme is considered, where the data information is used, along with the channel state information, in order to exploit the multi-user interference and transform it into useful power at the receiver side. In this frame- work, the max-min fair problem for constructive interference is formulated and solved, under per-antenna power constraints. The consideration of the power limitations individually for each transmitting RF chain is the novel aspect, and it is relevant in particular for systems suffering non-linear effects of the channel. This is the case of satellite systems, where the non- linear amplifiers should be properly driven in order to reduce the detrimental saturation effect. The proposed precoding design optimizes the system performance at the receiver side in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, whilst guaranteeing the system fairness and allowing a control over the power transmitted by each antenna, in particular reducing the power peaks. Numerical results are presented to validate the proposed scheme, and to show its effectiveness in terms of distribution of the transmitted power and peak-to-average power ratio.
Single View Reconstruction of Piecewise Swept Surfaces (2013)

We present a novel approach for the single view reconstruction (SVR) of piecewise swept scenes, exploiting the regular structure present in these man-made scenes. The parallelism of lines and its extension to curves are used as cues within a novel sequential algorithm propagating information across faces and their boundaries. Using this approach we are able to model a wide variety of architectural scenes and man-made objects. We show results generated both automatically as well as using user interaction, within a unified framework.
The RASSF1A tumor suppressor gene is commonly inactivated in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. (2003)

Hypermethylation of the RASSF1A promoter region is common in AC of the uterine cervix and rare in squamous carcinoma of uterine cervix. HPV infection does not correlate with RASSF1A methylation status in AC of the uterine cervix, but the absence of RASSF1A methylation in SCC of the uterine cervix coupled with the high incidence of HPV 16 infection in this subtype is in accord with previous reports. Our results suggest that epigenetic silencing of RASSF1A may play a role in the development of AC of the uterine cervix.
Integrated CMOS-compatible Q-switched mode-locked lasers at 1900nm with an on-chip artificial saturable absorber (2019)

We present a CMOS-compatible, Q-switched mode-locked integrated laser operating at 1.9 µm with a compact footprint of 23.6 × 0.6 × 0.78mm. The Q-switching rate is 720 kHz, the mode-locking rate is 1.2 GHz, and the optical bandwidth is 17nm, which is sufficient to support pulses as short as 215 fs. The laser is fabricated using a silicon nitride on silicon dioxide 300-mm wafer platform, with thulium-doped Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> glass as a gain material deposited over the silicon photonics chip. An integrated Kerr-nonlinearity-based artificial saturable absorber is implemented in silicon nitride. A broadband (over 100 nm) dispersion-compensating grating in silicon nitride provides sufficient anomalous dispersion to compensate for the normal dispersion of the other laser components, enabling femtosecond-level pulses. The laser has no off-chip components with the exception of the optical pump, allowing for easy co-integration of numerous other photonic devices such as supercontinuum generation and frequency doublers which together potentially enable fully on-chip frequency comb generation.
Evaluation of a Range of Anti-Proliferative Assays for the Preclinical Screening of Anti-Psoriatic Drugs: A Comparison of Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Assays with the Thymidine Incorporation Assay (2010)

Established treatments for psoriasis are generally based on antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, or differentiation-modifying activity, or a combination of these effects. New agents for the treatment of psoriasis could be identified by high-throughput screening (HTS) of large compound libraries using keratinocyte proliferation models. Although several new proliferation assays have been developed, the radioactive [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation assay is still considered to be the gold standard for the evaluation of keratinocyte proliferation in vitro. In this study, we compare a number of simple, and reliable, colorimetric (MTT, NRU, SRB, and CVS), and fluorimetric (CAM and AB) methods with the [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation assay for the measurement of keratinocyte proliferation in the exponential growth phase in 96-well formats. The concentrations that induced 50% growth inhibition (GI(50)) were determined by each assay for the established antipsoriatics, dithranol, and methotrexate. Strong correlations were observed between the percentage growth inhibitions determined by the radioactive and the colorimetric assays, with no significant differences (P > 0.05) between their GI(50) values. The colorimetric assays are thus suitable alternatives to the radioactive assay for quantifying keratinocyte growth inhibition. We have also validated the use of the HaCaT cell line as a representative of the hyperproliferative psoriatic epidermis, in the preclinical screening of experimental anti-psoriatic agents.
Reactions of Several Polyfunctional Compounds containing Amino, Hydroxyl, or Carboxyl Groups with Mesyl Chloride : Studies on the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. CXXXVII (1966)

Reaction of 2-(2-aminoethylamino) ethanol, aniline, and p-nitroaniline with mesyl chloride and pyridine afforded normal mesylated compounds but the same reaction of o-aminophenethyl alcohol (IV), anthranilic acid (V), and 2-(2-thenylamino) pyridine (VI) gave interesting reaction products (VIII, XI, XIII).
Electrochemical Study and Material Characterization of Electroless CoNiWPB Thin Films (2010)

Electroless plating of thin NiCo alloy films has various applications such as magnetic thin-films and barrier and capping layers for copper metallization. The material properties depend on it composition which may depend on many variables. We propose a model based on the Langmuir-Hinshlwood mechanism, where Ni and Co complexes compete on one type of sites and the P and B deposition rate depends on reactions that occur on different sites. The W deposition is proposed to occur also from complexes with Co and Ni. The model depends on the adsorption sites characteristics and the chemical interaction of the metals with the complexing agents. We deposited CoNiWPB alloy from a solution containing the metal sulfates, citric acid as complexing agent and sodium-hypophosphite and di-methyl-amine-borane (DMAB) as reducing agents supplying both B and P. The composition of such alloys were measured and discussed in this paper.
Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Mesophase of Sulfuric Acid–Nonionic Surfactant Stabilizes Lead(II) Oxide in Sulfuric Acid Concentrations Relevant to Lead Acid Batteries (2017)

Concentrated sulfuric acid (SA) and nonionic surfactant (C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>25</sub>(OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>10</sub>OH, C<sub>12</sub>E<sub>10</sub>) form lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) mesophases in a broad range of SA concentrations; the SA/C<sub>12</sub>E<sub>10</sub> mole ratio may vary from 2 to 11 in the LLC mesophases in the presence of a small amount of water. The mesophase is hexagonal at low SA concentration and cubic at higher concentrations. Three different compositions were prepared (one hexagonal and two cubic) with the SA/C<sub>12</sub>E<sub>10</sub> mole ratio of 2.5, 6, and 9, denoted as 2.5LC, 6LC, and 9LC, respectively. They all display electrochemical SA activity in Pt and Pb systems. Most interestingly, they show the electrochemical formation of stable PbO species in a deeply acidic medium as evidenced by the X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and linear sweep voltammetry experiments. The preferable properties of PbO over PbSO<sub>4</sub> for lead acid batteries (LABs) make it uniquely positioned as a superior gel electrolyte for the LABs that would mitigate sulfation.
Double Stator Linear-Rotary Actuator with a Single Set of Mover Magnets (2018)

Double stator (DS) linear-rotary actuators (LiRAs) are mainly used in machining applications with high force and torque demands, such as milling or turning. The mover of a typical DS LiRA contains two sets of permanent magnets, one arranged as in radial-flux rotating machines and the other as in tubular linear machines. A back iron is sandwiched between these two sets of permanent magnets, rendering the mover heavy and bulky. Consequently, DS LiRAs are not suitable for applications with high dynamics, such as pick-and-place robots in the packaging and semiconductor industries. In order to increase the dynamics of DS LiRAs, two different ironless mover layouts are proposed in this work. The achievable forces and torques are calculated using finite element method (FEM) simulations and compared to the standard DS LiRA. Manufacturing limitations of the proposed mover layouts and their influence on the performance are considered. Moreover, cogging force and cogging torque of the standard and proposed LiRAs are compared. To verify the FEM models used in the analysis, a simplified test setup with a flat mover is presented. The flux linkage is measured and a good agreement with FEM simulations is demonstrated.
Modulation of Abscisic Acid Signaling in Vivo by an Engineered Receptor-Insensitive Protein Phosphatase Type 2C Allele (2011)

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the control of the stress response and the regulation of plant growth and development. ABA binding to PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1 (PYR1)/PYR1-LIKE (PYL)/REGULATORY COMPONENTS OF ABA RECEPTORS intracellular receptors leads to inhibition of key negative regulators of ABA signaling, i.e. clade A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) such as ABA-INSENSITIVE1 and HYPERSENSITIVE TO ABA1 (HAB1), causing the activation of the ABA signaling pathway. To gain further understanding on the mechanism of hormone perception, PP2C inhibition, and its implications for ABA signaling, we have performed a structural and functional analysis of the PYR1-ABA-HAB1 complex. Based on structural data, we generated a gain-of-function mutation in a critical residue of the phosphatase, hab1(W385A), which abolished ABA-dependent receptor-mediated PP2C inhibition without impairing basal PP2C activity. As a result, hab1(W385A) caused constitutive inactivation of the protein kinase OST1 even in the presence of ABA and PYR/PYL proteins, in contrast to the receptor-sensitive HAB1, and therefore hab1(W385A) qualifies as a hypermorphic mutation. Expression of hab1(W385A) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants leads to a strong, dominant ABA insensitivity, which demonstrates that this conserved tryptophan residue can be targeted for the generation of dominant clade A PP2C alleles. Moreover, our data highlight the critical role of molecular interactions mediated by tryptophan-385 equivalent residues for clade A PP2C function in vivo and the mechanism of ABA perception and signaling.
Chaotic Quantum Transport near the Charge Neutrality Point in Inverted Type-II InAs/GaSb Field-Effect Transistors (2012)

We present here our recent quantum transport results around the charge neutrality point (CNP) in a type-II InAs/GaSb field-effect transistor. At zero magnetic field, a conductance minimum close to 4e^2/h develops at the CNP and it follows semi-logarithmic temperature dependence. In quantized magnetic (B) fields and at low temperatures, well developed integer quantum Hall states are observed in the electron as well as hole regimes. Quantum transport shows noisy-like behavior around the CNP at extremely high B fields. Surprisingly, when the diagonal conductivity σ_{xx} is plotted against the Hall conductivity σ_{xy}, a circular conductivity law is discovered, suggesting a chaotic quantum transport behavior.
Read This Only to Yourself: The Private Writings of Midwestern Women, 1880-1910 (1983)

Journal Article Read This Only to Yourself: The Private Writings of Midwestern Women, 1880–1910 Get access Read This Only to Yourself: The Private Writings of Midwestern Women, 1880–1910. By Hampsten Elizabeth. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982. xiii + 242 pp. Notes. $22.50.) Annette Atkins Annette Atkins St. John's University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 14, Issue 4, October 1983, Pages 460–461, https://doi.org/10.2307/968203 Published: 01 October 1983
Toward Electroosmotic Flow-Driven Air Pumps for Miniaturized PEM Fuel Cells (2006)

We propose an air displacement scheme using AC electroosmotic pumping and experimentally investigate its feasibility. An electroosmotic pump under a low frequency AC electric field is used to displace volumes of a pump working electrolyte. This working electrolyte is pumped into a space enclosed by a flexible membrane, and the movement of the membrane displaces air to a fuel cell. We demonstrate operation of a forced convection fuel cell using this technique. In this preliminary demonstration, the pump power consumption exceeds the fuel cell power generation. We are currently working to reduce the pump- to-fuel cell power ratio to 0.4 or less, by optimizing solvent chemistry, pump geometry, and pump forcing functions.
Guest Editorial Special Issue on Biorobotics (2008)

The focus of this special issue is to show how the main achievements on different technical topics relevant to the development of bioinspired and bioapplied mechatronic devices and robotic systems. The 19 articles in this special issue are summarized here.
The challenges of characterising nanoparticulate catalysts: general discussion (2018)

Haoliang Huang opened discussion of the paper by Carlo Lamberti: My question is about carbon species in 'palladium carbide', since when the Pd was exposed to acetylene, the changes were observed in XANES but not in XRD. Is it possible that such carbon species just the acetylene, or its fragment
Ultrasonido pulmonar en el manejo del paciente crítico. Conceptos básicos y aplicación clínica (2020)

El ultrasonido pulmonar ha tenido un gran desarrollo en el abordaje del paciente crítico en las últimas décadas. Constituye una herramienta segura, no invasiva y libre de radiación, que permite examinar al paciente sin necesidad de traslado. Esta última característica es particularmente beneficiosa en pacientes hipóxicos, inestables hemodinámicamente o con alto riesgo de contaminación nosocomial, como ocurre actualmente con la pandemia ocasionada por el brote de la enfermedad del nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). El ultrasonido pulmonar puede ser usado, además, para evaluar y monitorizar la aireación pulmonar en el paciente en ventilación mecánica, personalizando maniobras de reclutamiento, testeando la respuesta a diferentes estrategias ventilatorias y monitorizando el proceso de weaning. Esta revisión describe los principios básicos del ultrasonido pulmonar para la obtención de imágenes y su interpretación. Proporcionando a médicos anestesiólogos, intensivistas y kinesiólogos respiratorios una herramienta segura y confiable para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de las principales patologías pulmonares en el paciente crítico.
In silico discovery and validation of potent small-molecule inhibitors targeting the activation function 2 site of human oestrogen receptor α (2015)

We identified VPC-16230 as an ERα AF2-specific inhibitor that demonstrated promising antiproliferative effects in breast cancer cell lines, including TamR cells. VPC-16230 reduced the expression of ERα-inducible genes, including CDC2, which is involved in cell division. We anticipate that the application of ERα AF2 inhibitors will provide a novel approach that can act as a complementary therapeutic to treat ERα-positive, tamoxifen-resistant and metastatic breast cancers.
Mutations and polymorphisms in the gene encoding regulatory subunit type 1-alpha of protein kinase A (PRKAR1A): an update (2010)

PRKAR1A encodes the regulatory subunit type 1-alpha (RIalpha) of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Inactivating PRKAR1A mutations are known to be responsible for the multiple neoplasia and lentiginosis syndrome Carney complex (CNC). To date, at least 117 pathogenic variants in PRKAR1A have been identified (online database: http://prkar1a.nichd.nih.gov). The majority are subject to nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD), leading to RIalpha haploinsufficiency and, as a result, activated cAMP signaling. Recently, it became apparent that CNC may be caused not only by RIalpha haploinsufficiency, but also by the expression of altered RIalpha protein, as proven by analysis of expressed mutations in the gene, consisting of amino acid substitutions and in-frame genetic alterations. In addition, a new subgroup of mutations that potentially escape NMD and result in CNC through altered (rather than missing) protein has been analyzed-these are frame-shifts in the 3' end of the coding sequence that shift the stop codon downstream of the normal one. The mutation detection rate in CNC patients is recently estimated at above 60%; PRKAR1A mutation-negative CNC patients are characterized by significant phenotypic heterogeneity. In this report, we present a comprehensive analysis of all presently known PRKAR1A sequence variations and discuss their molecular context and clinical phenotype.
Spectral Pulse Distortion from Two-Beam Coupling of Sub-Picosecond Pulses in a Photorefractive Crystal (1991)

Consider the coupling between two trains of mode-locked pulses in a photorefractive crystal. Let each optical pulse be so weak that it takes a large number of pulses to built up a quasi-steady-state refractive-index grating in the crystal. In this case the shape of the pulses will change as the result of beam coupling. 1 The temporal pulse shape changes for two reasons. First, interference between the diffracted pulse and the transmitted pulse alters the pulse shape, as shown in Fig. 1. Second, only a portion of each pulse's full frequency spectrum is diffracted by the volume photorefractive grating.