gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mode-evolution-based coupler for high saturation power Ge-on-Si photodetectors (2017)

We propose a mode-evolution-based coupler for high saturation power germanium-on-silicon photodetectors. This coupler uniformly illuminates the intrinsic germanium region of the detector, decreasing saturation effects, such as carrier screening, observed at high input powers. We demonstrate 70% more photocurrent generation (9.1-15.5 mA) and more than 40 times higher opto-electrical bandwidth (0.7-31 GHz) than conventional butt-coupled detectors under high-power illumination. The high-power and high-speed performance of the device, combined with the compactness of the coupling method, will enable new applications for integrated silicon photonics systems.
Polymerization of propylene with the [ArN(CH2)3NAr]TiCl2 (Ar = 2,6-i Pr2C6H3) complex using R3Al/Ph3CB(C6F5)4 (R = Me, Et, iBu) as cocatalyst (1998)

Polymerization of propylene was conducted at 0 ∼ 150°C with the [ArN(CH2)3NAr]TiCl2 (Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) complex using a mixture of trialkylaluminium (AIR3, R = methyl, ethyl and isobutyl) and Ph3CB(C6F5)4 as cocatalyst. When AlMe3 or AlEt3 was employed, atactic polypropylene (PP) was selectively produced, whereas the use of Al(iBu)3 gave a mixture of atactic and isotactic PP. The isotactic index (I.I.; weight fraction of isotactic polymer) depended strongly upon the polymerization temperature, and the highest I.I. was obtained at ca. 40°C. The 13C NMR analysis of the isotactic polymer suggests that the isotactic polymerization proceeds by an enantiomorphic-site mechanism. It was also demonstrated that the present catalyst shows a very high regiospecificity.
The management and survival outcomes of nasopharyngeal cancer in the Nordic countries (2017)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
BODIPY Dyes Bearing Multibranched Fluorinated Chains: Synthesis, Structural, and Spectroscopic Studies (2019)

A small series of boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes, characterized by the presence of multibranched fluorinated residues, were designed and synthesized. The dyes differ in both the position (para-perfluoroalkoxy-substituted phenyl ring or boron functionalization) and number of magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms (27 or 54 fluorine atoms per molecule). Photophysical and crystallographic characterization of the synthesized BODIPYs was carried out to evaluate the effect of the presence of highly fluorinated moieties on the optical and morphological properties of such compounds.
Materials Matter in Microfluidic (2006)

As more micro- and nanofluidic methodologies are developed for a growing number of diverse applications, it becomes increasingly apparent that the choice of substrate material can have a profound effect on the eventual performance of a device. This is due mostly to the high surface-to-volume ratio that exists within such small structures. In addition to the obvious limitations related to the choice of solvent, operating temperatures, and pressure, the method of fluidic pumping—in particular, an electrokinetics-based methodology using a combination of electro-osmotic and electrophoresis flows—can further complicate material choice. These factors, however, are only part of the problem; once chemicals or biological materials (e.g., proteins or cells) are introduced into a microfluidic system, surface characteristics will have a profound influence on the activity of such components, which will subsequently influence their performance. This article reviews the common types of materials that are currently used to fabricate microfluidic devices and considers how these materials may influence the overall performance associated with chemical and biological processing. Consideration will also be given to the selection of materials and surface modifications that can aid in exploiting the high surface properties to enhance process performance.
100 Patient-Yea f Ambulatory Home Total Parenteral Nutrition (1984)

More than 100 patient-years' experience has been acquired in the treatment of 133 patients with ambulatory home total parenteral nutrition (TPN) between May 1974 and December 1983. Indications for chronic or permanent home TPN include short bowel syndrome, malabsorption, scleroderma, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide syndrome. Indications for acute or temporary home TPN include Crohn's disease, malignancies, gastrointestinal fistulas, ulcerative colitis, anorexia nervosa, and numerous other disorders. Eighty-two patients in the acute group were treated primarily with percutaneously placed standard subclavian catheters and 51 patients in the chronic group have been treated thus far with implanted silicone rubber, Dacron-cuffed catheters for a cumulative total of 38,939 patient days. Of the 125 implanted catheters, 115 were placed in the superior vena cava and ten in the inferior vena cava for an average duration of 250 catheter-days, the longest single catheter remaining in situ for more than 8 1/2 years. Catheter-related sepsis occurred 33 times with the implanted catheters, or once every 2.6 catheter-years. One hundred and fourteen temporary catheters were placed percutaneously in the superior vena cava via a subclavian vein for an average duration of 68 days, the longest single catheter remaining in situ for 213 days. Catheter-related sepsis occurred seven times, equivalent to one episode per 3 catheter-years. Total catheter-related complications were quite infrequent and were directly related to duration of catheterization. They included venous thrombosis (12), clotted catheter (11), catheter failure or rupture (8), catheter compression (5) and inadvertent catheter removal (4). Twenty-six catheters were repaired or spliced in situ when the external segment was accidentally damaged or deteriorated secondary to long-term material fatigue. One remarkable patient has been maintained exclusively by TPN originally as an inpatient and subsequently as an outpatient for the entire 13 years of his life.
Human serum albumin incorporating synthetic heme: Red blood cell substitute without hypertension by nitric oxide scavenging (2002)

Abstract The administration of extracellular, hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers often elicits an acute increase in blood pressure by vasoconstriction. This side effect is now recognized to be due to the depletion of nitric oxide (endothelial‐derived relaxing factor) by the extravasuated hemoglobins. We have recently found that the administration of a recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA)‐based oxygen carrier involving synthetic tetraphenyporphinatoiron(II) derivative (FeP) (rHSA‐FeP) does not induce such hypertensive action, because of its low permeability through the vascular endothelium. The heart rate responses after the rHSA‐FeP injection were also negligibly small. Visualization of the intestinal microcirculatory changes clearly revealed the widths of the venule and arteriole to be fairly constant. The entirely synthetic rHSA‐FeP becomes a promising material as a new type of red blood cell substitute. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 64A: 257–261, 2003
Low-power embedded read-only memory using atom switch and silicon-on-thin-buried-oxide transistor (2015)

We developed an atom-switch read-only memory (ROM) fabricated on silicon-on-thin-buried-oxide (SOTB) for use in a low-power microcontroller for the first time. An atom switch with a low programming voltage and large ON/OFF conductance ratio is suitable for low-power nonvolatile memory. The atom-switch ROM using an SOTB transistor uses a 0.34–1.2 V operating voltage and 12 µA/MHz active current (or 4.5 µW/MHz active power). Furthermore, the sleep current is as low as 0.4 µA when a body bias voltage is applied to the SOTB.
A Numerical Study of Flow Through a Mechanical Heart Valve (1996)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop a numerical model for simulating the flow through a Mechanical Heart Valve (MHV), for which a good understanding of the detailed flow information is desired. This is because that fluid mechanics may play an important role in the thrombus formation and hemolysis in the mechanical valve prosthesis.
Alternating Minimization Algorithm with Automatic Relevance Determination for Transmission Tomography under Poisson Noise (2014)

We propose a globally convergent alternating minimization (AM) algorithm for image reconstruction in transmission tomography, which extends automatic relevance determination (ARD) to Poisson noise models with Beer's law. The algorithm promotes solutions that are sparse in the pixel/voxel-differences domain by introducing additional latent variables, one for each pixel/voxel, and then learning these variables from the data using a hierarchical Bayesian model. Importantly, the proposed AM algorithm is free of any tuning parameters with image quality comparable to standard penalized likelihood methods. Our algorithm exploits optimization transfer principles which reduce the problem into parallel 1D optimization tasks (one for each pixel/voxel), making the algorithm feasible for large-scale problems. This approach considerably reduces the computational bottleneck of ARD associated with the posterior variances. Positivity constraints inherent in transmission tomography problems are also enforced. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm for x-ray computed tomography using synthetic and real-world datasets. The algorithm is shown to have much better performance than prior ARD algorithms based on approximate Gaussian noise models, even for high photon flux.
Superdrawing of polytetrafluoroethylene nascent powder by solid‐state coextrusion (2006)

Abstract A film of nascent powder of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), compacted below the ambient melting temperature ( T m , 335 °C), was drawn by two‐stage draw techniques consisting of a first‐stage solid‐state coextrusion followed by a second‐stage solid‐state coextrusion or tensile draw. Although the ductility of extrudates was lost for the second‐stage tensile draw at temperatures above 150 °C due to the rapid decrease in strength, as previously reported, the ductility of extrudates increased with temperature even above 150 °C when the second‐stage draw was made by solid‐state coextrusion, reflecting the different deformation flow fields in a free space for the former and in an extrusion die for the latter. Thus, a powder film initially coextruded to a low extrusion draw ratio (EDR) of 6–20 at 325 °C was further drawn by coextrusion to EDRs up to ∼︁400 at 325–340 °C, near the T m . Extremely high chain orientation ( f c = 0.998 ± 0.001), crystallinity (96.5 ± 0.5)%, and tensile modulus (115 ± 5 GPa at 24 °C, corresponding to 73% of the X‐ray crystal modulus) were achieved at high EDRs. Despite such a morphological perfection and a high modulus, the tensile strength of a superdrawn tape, 0.48 ± 0.03 GPa, was significantly low when compared with those (1.4–2.3 GPa) previously reported by tensile drawing above the T m . Such a low strength of a superdrawn, high‐modulus PTFE tape was ascribed to the low intermolecular interaction of PTFE and the lack of intercrystalline links along the fiber axis, reflecting the initial chain‐extended morphology of the nascent powder combined with the fairly high chain mobility associated with the crystal/crystal transitions at around room temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3369–3377, 2006
A 2 GHz 0.98 mW 4-bit SAR-Based Quantizer with ELD Compensation in an UWB CT ΣΔ Modulator (2018)

This paper presents a 2 GHz 4-bit asynchronous successive approximation register (SAR) quantizer to enable an ultra-wideband continuous-time (CT) sigma-delta modulator (SDM). Low latency is required for the stability of the SDM. The excess-loop-delay compensation (ELDC) is embedded in the SAR quantizer by adding an extra switched-capacitor DAC segment with two separate reference voltages. To achieve high speed, a g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> -boosted StrongARM latch and the monotonic switching scheme are used. This paper presents the transistor-level circuit implementation and the complete verification of the CT SDM. Simulation results show the power consumption of this SAR-based quantizer including ELDC is 0.98 mW, leading to a very competitive Figure-of-Merit of 30.6 fJ/conv.-step.
Apotransferrin in Combination with Ciprofloxacin Slows Bacterial Replication, Prevents Resistance Amplification, and Increases Antimicrobial Regimen Effect (2019)

There has been renewed interest in combining traditional small-molecule antimicrobial agents with nontraditional therapies to potentiate antimicrobial effects. Apotransferrin, which decreases iron availability to microbes, is one such approach. We conducted a 48-h one-compartment <i>in vitro</i> infection model to explore the impact of apotransferrin on the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin. The challenge panel included four <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolates with ciprofloxacin MIC values ranging from 0.08 to 32 mg/liter. Each challenge isolate was subjected to an ineffective ciprofloxacin monotherapy exposure (free-drug area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h divided by the MIC [AUC/MIC ratio] ranging from 0.19 to 96.6) with and without apotransferrin. As expected, the no-treatment and apotransferrin control arms showed unaltered prototypical logarithmic bacterial growth. We identified relationships between exposure and change in bacterial density for ciprofloxacin alone (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.64) and ciprofloxacin in combination with apotransferrin (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.84). Addition of apotransferrin to ciprofloxacin enabled a remarkable reduction in bacterial density across a wide range of ciprofloxacin exposures. For instance, at a ciprofloxacin AUC/MIC ratio of 20, ciprofloxacin monotherapy resulted in nearly 2 log<sub>10</sub> CFU increase in bacterial density, while the combination of apotransferrin and ciprofloxacin resulted in 2 log<sub>10</sub> CFU reduction in bacterial density. Furthermore, addition of apotransferrin significantly reduced the emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant subpopulations compared to monotherapy. These data demonstrate that decreasing the rate of bacterial replication with apotransferrin in combination with antimicrobial therapy represents an opportunity to increase the magnitude of the bactericidal effect and to suppress the growth rate of drug-resistant subpopulations.
Data from The Landscape of Actionable Genomic Alterations in Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA from 21,807 Advanced Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing provides a noninvasive method for obtaining actionable genomic information to guide personalized cancer treatment, but the presence of multiple alterations in circulation related to treatment and tumor heterogeneity complicate the interpretation of the observed variants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We describe the somatic mutation landscape of 70 cancer genes from cfDNA deep-sequencing analysis of 21,807 patients with treated, late-stage cancers across &gt;50 cancer types. To facilitate interpretation of the genomic complexity of circulating tumor DNA in advanced, treated cancer patients, we developed methods to identify cfDNA copy-number driver alterations and cfDNA clonality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Patterns and prevalence of cfDNA alterations in major driver genes for non–small cell lung, breast, and colorectal cancer largely recapitulated those from tumor tissue sequencing compendia (The Cancer Genome Atlas and COSMIC; &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.90–0.99), with the principal differences in alteration prevalence being due to patient treatment. This highly sensitive cfDNA sequencing assay revealed numerous subclonal tumor-derived alterations, expected as a result of clonal evolution, but leading to an apparent departure from mutual exclusivity in treatment-naïve tumors. Upon applying novel cfDNA clonality and copy-number driver identification methods, robust mutual exclusivity was observed among predicted truncal driver cfDNA alterations (FDR = 5 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−7&lt;/sup&gt; for &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ERBB2&lt;/i&gt;), in effect distinguishing tumor-initiating alterations from secondary alterations. Treatment-associated resistance, including both novel alterations and parallel evolution, was common in the cfDNA cohort and was enriched in patients with targetable driver alterations (&gt;18.6% patients).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Together, these retrospective analyses of a large cfDNA sequencing data set reveal subclonal structures and emerging resistance in advanced solid tumors. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3528–38. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Optimal Modification of Annexin V with Fluorescent Dyes (2004)

The many uses of chemically modified annexin Vs necessitate an understanding of the optimal degree of modification and modification sites of the protein. When reacted with the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of Cy5.5, annexin V with one modification per mole of protein retained its affinity for phosphatidylserine of apoptotic cells, whereas modification with two dyes per mole of protein caused a complete loss of activity. A tryptic digest LC/MS method was used to identify the modification sites as either of two closely spaced lysine residues, in position 286 or 290. The crystal structure indicated the location of these lysines was distal to the phosphatidylserine binding sites on annexin V. These results can be used to develop active or inactive fluorescent control annexin V proteins and to suggest strategies for attaining higher levels of modification with retention of bioactivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Tetracyclic Diquinane Lycopodium Alkaloids Magellanine and Magellaninone. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
β2‐Adrenergic Receptor Activation by Agonists Studied with 19F NMR Spectroscopy (2013)

Proteins in slow motion: 19F NMR studies indicate that equilibria between active and inactive states of the human β2-adrenergic receptor require extensive structural rearrangements (arrows in picture). This was shown by an enthalpy difference of ΔHo≈40 kJ mol−1 and a slow exchange rate, with kex≪10 s−1. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Total hip arthroplasty in patients affected by poliomyelitis (2018)

Patients with a history of poliomyelitis who undergo THA on the affected or unaffected limbs have similar results with overall survivorship and complication rates to those reported results in patients undergoing THA for osteoarthritis. At long-term follow-up, previous clinical concerns about increased hip instability due to post-polio abductor weakness were not observed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:733-9.
Constitutive Behavior and Low Cycle Thermal Fatigue of 97Sn-3Cu Solder Joints (1993)

The thermal cyclic shear stress/strain hysteresis response and associated steady-state creep parameters of 97Sn-3Cu solder joints have been determined using a beam specimen previously developed by Pao et al. (1992a). The solder joint was subjected to a 40-minute thermal cycling from 40°C to 140°C. A constitutive equation based on elastic and steady-state creep deformation for the solder has been formulated and implemented in a finite element program, ABAQUS, to model the experiment. The results show that the constitutive equation based on one single creep mechanism cannot fully account for the deformation during cooling, as opposed to the case of 90Pb-10Sn where the entire cyclic deformation can be well modeled by a similar constitutive equation (Pao et al., 1992c). This suggests that another creep mechanism is dominant for lower stresses and higher temperature. The thermal fatigue results show that the failure mechanism of 97Sn-3Cu joints is similar to that of 90Pb-10Sn joints, but the number of cycles to failure of 97Sn-Cu solder joints is at least 5 times longer than 90Pb-10Sn solder joints. This indicates the potential application of 97Sn-3Cu in place of 90Pb-10Sn solder.
Direct-To-Consumer Internet Promotion Of Robotic Prostatectomy Exhibits Varying Quality Of Information (2012)

Robotic surgery to remove a cancerous prostate has become a popular treatment. Internet marketing of this surgery provides an intriguing case study of direct-to-consumer promotions of medical devices, which are more loosely regulated than pharmaceutical promotions. We investigated whether the claims made in online promotions of robotic prostatectomy were consistent with evidence from comparative effectiveness studies. After performing a search and cross-sectional analysis of websites that mentioned the procedure, we found that many sites claimed benefits that were unsupported by evidence and that 42 percent of the sites failed to mention risks. Most sites were published by hospitals and physicians, which the public may regard as more objective than pages published by manufacturers. Unbalanced information may inappropriately raise patients' expectations. Increasing enforcement and regulation of online promotions may be beyond the capabilities of federal authorities. Thus, the most feasible solution may be for the government and medical societies to promote the production of balanced educational material.
Vibration damping and automatic commissioning of miniature servo drives with flexible load (2014)

For high performance requirements, P/PI-cascade feedback controlled miniature servo axes often provide insufficient damping of structural vibrations. The axis performance can be improved significantly by state space control extensions that are meanwhile available for commercial machine tool control systems. The benefit of additional load state feedback depends directly on the suitable state observation or capturing location in the machine structure. This contribution explains the state space control extension application for miniature drives and elucidates the achievable benefit by an exemplary linear servo drive.