gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real Time Localization of Cystoscope Angulation in 2D Bladder Phantom for Telecystoscopy (2021)

Telecystoscopy can lower the barrier to access of critical urologic diagnostics for patients around the world. A challenge to robotic control of flexible cystoscopes and intuitive teleoperation is estimation of the pose of the scope tip. We demonstrate real-time localization using video recordings from prior cystoscopies and 3D reconstructions of the patient’s bladder to estimate cystoscope angulation We map prior video data into a low dimensional space as a dictionary so that new images can be matched to a nearest neighbor. The cystoscope position is estimated by the current image’s relationship to a matched dictionary frame. Frequent cystoscopies are necessary in post-treatment surveillance of bladder cancer patients, and video from previous procedures may be available during telecystoscopy. A cystoscope with servo-controlled angulation was inserted into a 2D + height bladder shape with a panorama of a urothelium on to the inside. Scans of the surface were performed with: varying speeds; different fields of view; and bladder tumors inserted into the panorama physically and digitally. Videos were used to create 3D reconstructions, dictionary sets, and test data sets for analyzing our algorithm’s computational efficiency and accuracy compared with a SIFT-only localization. Our algorithm found a nearest neighbor image in 96-100% of frames in under 60ms per image compared to SIFT’s ability to find an image match in 56-84% of frames in more than 6000ms per image. Our algorithm, with a first stage rate of nearly 20 Hz, is a promising tool for real-time estimation of tip location in robotic cystoscopy when prior cystoscopy images are available.
Ultrasound-enhanced polymer degradation and release of incorporated substances. (1989)

The effect of ultrasound on the degradation of polymers and the release rate of incorporated molecules within those polymers was examined. Up to 5-fold reversible increases in degradation rate and up to 20-fold reversible increases in release rate of incorporated molecules were observed with biodegradable polyanhydrides, polyglycolides, and polylactides. Up to 10-fold reversible increases in release rate of incorporated molecules within nonerodible ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer were also observed. The release rate increased in proportion to the intensity of ultrasound. Temperature and mixing were relatively unimportant in effecting enhanced polymer degradation, whereas cavitation appeared to play a significant role. Increased release rates were also observed when ultrasound was applied to biodegradable polymers implanted in rats. Histological examination revealed no differences between normal rat skin and rat skin that had been exposed to ultrasonic radiation for 1 hr. With further study, ultrasound may prove useful as a way of externally regulating release rates from polymers in a variety of situations where on-demand release is required.
The Falciform Ligament for Mesenteric and Portal Vein Reconstruction in Local Advanced Pancreatic Tumor: A Surgical Guide and Single-Center Experience (2018)

The falciform ligament appears to be a feasible and reliable autologous tissue for venous blood flow reconstruction with high postoperative patency. Especially the possibility of customizing graft dimensions to the individual needs based on local findings allows an optimal size matching of the conduit. The risk of stenosis and/or segmental occlusion may thus be further reduced.
Leukocytosis induced by plasma exchange. (1991)

A significant increase was found in the number of white blood cells, including neutrophils, in the peripheral blood of patients during plasma exchange. However, the spontaneous chemiluminescence of peripheral white blood cells (basically characterized the activated state of neutrophils) was not elevated. This finding suggests a relative deficiency in the metabolism of neutrophils during plasma exchange. This idea is supported by the observation that the levels of malonyldialdehyde in plasmas, after plasma exchange, do not increase, indicating that the activation dependent lipid peroxidation in neutrophils did not take place.
Characterization of mm-wave Indoor Propagation with Directive Antennas (1997)

The rapid and widespread demand for new services, as high-speed data and multimedia services, which are very demanding in terms of bitrate and thus bandwidth, are increasing the interest toward broadband applications. The aim of the work is to study if and when the selective fading can be effectively coped with by the adoption of directive antennas, so exploiting the inherent angular diversity of the communciation channel. The achievable improvements are highlighted and some suggestions for the design of future millimeter wave wireless LANs are provided. The investigation is accomplished by means of an electromagnetic computer model, based on a fully 3D ray tracing approach. The adopted algorithm has been validated by comparison with some test measurements both at 30 and 60 GHz, whereas the adopted electromagnetic parameters have been estimated by means of specific measurements of the materials characteristics.
Abstract 9920: Growth Differentiation Factor 15, ST2 and Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure with Preserved versus Reduced Ejection Fraction (2011)

Background: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is part of the TGF-β superfamily and a marker of cell injury and inflammation. ST2 is part of the interleukin-1 receptor family and a marker of mechanical stress and ventricular remodeling. While each of these novel markers is elevated in heart failure (HF), little is known regarding their differential levels in HF with preserved vs reduced ejection fraction (HFPEF vs HFREF respectively) or relative to the established marker of wall stretch, amino terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP). Aim: To compare circulating GDF15, ST2, NTproBNP and their ratios in HFPEF vs HFREF Hypotheses: Since GDF15, ST2 and NTproBNP are markers of distinct mechanistic processes that may be differentially involved in HFPEF vs HFREF, we hypothesized that a combination of markers may better distinguish between HFPEF and HFREF than a single marker. Methods and Results: GDF15, ST2 and NTproBNP were measured in consecutive patients hospitalized with HFREF (N=20, 58±5 y, 85% men) and HFPEF (EF≥50%, N=12, 68±11 y, 58% men). Despite similarly raised filling pressures (E/e’ 20±11 in HFREF vs 19±9 in HFPEF; p=0.8), NTproBNP was lower in HFPEF than HFREF, whereas GDF15 and ST2 were similar raised in both HFPEF and HFREF (Table). The ratio GDF15:NTproBNP was higher in HFPEF than HFREF, even after adjusting for age, sex and body size (p=0.025), and distinguished HFPEF from HFREF with the largest area under receiver operating curve. Among the biomarkers, only NTproBNP correlated with left ventricular mass (r=0.44; p=0.012). Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that at similarly high filling pressures, myocardial injury/ inflammation (as measured by GDF15) relative to wall stretch (GDF:NTproBNP ratio) is dominant in HFPEF compared to HFREF. Future studies in larger samples of HF patients and including non-HF controls are needed to further delineate the relationships of these novel biomarkers with ventricular remodeling.
Cooperative Highway Traffic (2013)

As cooperative systems (connected vehicles) enable communication and the exchange of information between vehicles and infrastructure, the communication capabilities are expected to lead to better active traffic management on urban motorways. Technological constraints must be the basis for any management strategy. If communication has been analytically proved to help stabilize traffic flow at a microscopic level, then realistic communication strategies should be evaluated by taking into consideration multiple perturbations such as sensor faults and driver cooperation. In this study, a three-layer multiagent framework was used to model and control the homogenization of traffic flow. The physical layer coordinated vehicle dynamics on the basis of a cooperative car-following model. This layer included cooperation derived from the communication and trust layers that, respectively, managed information and its reliability. Simulation results highlight the positive impacts of communication and control on the stability of traffic flow.
isoSTED nanoscopy with intrinsic beam alignment (2015)

Despite the need for isotropic optical resolution in a growing number of applications, the majority of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy setups still do not attain an axial resolution comparable to that in the lateral dimensions. Three-dimensional (3D) nanoscopy implementations that employ only a single objective lens typically feature a trade-off between axial and lateral resolution. 4Pi arrangements, in which the sample is illuminated coherently through two opposing lenses, have proven their potential for rendering the resolution isotropic. However, instrument complexity due to a large number of alignment parameters has so far thwarted the dissemination of this approach. Here, we present a 4Pi-STED setup combination, also called isoSTED nanoscope, where the STED and excitation beams are intrinsically co-aligned. A highly robust and convenient 4Pi cavity allows easy handling without the need for readjustments during imaging experiments.
A15 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF FILGOTINIB AS INDUCTION THERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH MODERATELY TO SEVERELY ACTIVE ULCERATIVE COLITIS: RESULTS FROM THE PHASE 2B/3 SELECTION STUDY (2021)

Abstract Aims The SELECTION (NCT02914522) Induction Studies evaluated the efficacy/safety of filgotinib (FIL), a preferential JAK1 inhibitor, as induction therapy for patients (pts) with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) who were biologic-naïve but failed conventional therapy (Induction Study A) or failed prior biologics (Induction Study B). Methods Pts were randomized 2:2:1 to once–daily FIL 200mg, FIL 100mg or placebo (PBO). The primary (clinical remission), key secondary (Mayo Clinic Score [MCS] remission, endoscopic remission, and histologic remission), and exploratory endpoints (MCS response and endoscopic improvement) were assessed at Week 10. Results In both studies, baseline demographics and disease characteristics were similar across treatment groups. In Study A, 659 pts were randomized and treated. Baseline mean MCS was 8.6 and 56% had a Mayo endoscopic subscore (ES)=3. A significantly higher proportion of biologic-naïve pts on FIL 200mg achieved clinical remission vs PBO and all key secondary endpoints (Table). In Study B, 689 pts were randomized and treated. Baseline mean MCS was 9.3 and 78% had ES=3. Prior treatment failures were: anti-TNF (86%), vedolizumab (52%) and both (dual-refractory; 43%). A significantly higher proportion of biologic-experienced pts on FIL 200mg achieved clinical remission vs PBO. In Studies A and B, a greater proportion of pts on FIL 200 mg achieved an MCS response and endoscopic improvement vs PBO. The rates of AEs, serious AEs and discontinuations due to AEs were similar across FIL and PBO groups during induction. In the PBO, FIL 100mg and FIL 200mg groups, serious infections occurred in 0.7%, 0.7% and 0.4% pts in Study A and 1.4%, 1.4% and 0.8% pts in Study B; H Zoster occurred in &amp;lt;1% in both groups for both cohorts. Conclusions SELECTION included a high proportion of dual-refractory pts, and pts with severe endoscopic disease. Both doses of FIL were well tolerated. Filgotinib 200mg was effective induction therapy for both biologic-naïve/-experienced pts with moderately to severely active UC. Funding Agencies None
Adenosine A2A Analogue Improves Neurologic Outcome after Spinal Cord Trauma in the Rabbit (2002)

Systemic ATL-146e given after spinal cord trauma results in improved neurologic outcome. Adenosine A2A agonists may hold promise as a rapidly acting alternative to steroids in the early treatment of the spinal cord injured patient.
Code design for adaptive coding and modulation indicator in broadcast systems (2015)

In this paper, we address the coding problem for adaptive coding and modulator indicators in communication systems where users are divided into several classes according to their channel quality. Two novel methods are described to construct codebooks with variable length codewords forsuch an application. The proposed constructions satisfy all constraints of the system model, showing considerable gain in both the maximal and average length of codebook with respect to the current state of the art. The methodology includes a systematic way for constructing variable length codebooks where codewords are not uniformly distributed in the space, and thus, some codewords are more protected than others. The proposed construction can be easily adapted, by zero padding, to obtain a fixed block-length code, with length equal to the maximal length of the designed variable-length code but still smaller than that of the best state-of-the-art code. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
T-Type Calcium Channel α1G and α1H Subunits in Human Retinoblastoma Cells and Their Loss After Differentiation (2002)

Human retinoblastoma cells are multipotent retinal precursor cells capable of differentiating into photoreceptors, neurons, and glia. The current-voltage relation of the undifferentiated cells is dominated by a transient inward current that disappears shortly after differentiation. In 20 mM Ba(2+)-containing bath solutions, the current has an activation midpoint near -25 mV and appears to be fully inactivated at -20 mV. Sr(2+) and Ca(2+) are preferred charge carriers relative to Ba(2+), and the current vanishes in the absence of these divalent cations. Cd(2+) blocks the current with an IC(50) of 160 microM, and Ni(2+) blocks in a biphasic manner with IC(50)s of 22 and 352 microM. The current is unaffected when sodium is replaced with other monovalent cations, and it is insensitive to nifedipine, omega-conotoxin GVIA, omega-agatoxin IVA, and omega-conotoxin MVIIC. RT-PCR revealed the presence of alpha 1G and alpha 1H mRNA in undifferentiated cells, but following differentiation, a striking reduction of both alpha 1G and alpha 1H mRNA was found, and this was paralleled by the loss of T-type Ca channel currents. alpha 1I subunit mRNA levels were low in undifferentiated and differentiated cells. These results suggest that T-type Ca channels could play a role in undifferentiated retinoblastoma cell physiology since alpha 1G and alpha 1H Ca channel subunit expression is reduced in cells that have differentiated and exited the cell cycle.
Randomized study of darbepoetin alfa as modifier of radiotherapy in patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC): Final outcome of the DAHANCA 10 trial (2009)

6007 Background: The study aimed to evaluate if correction of low hemoglobin (Hb) levels by means of the erythropoietin stimulating agent: darbepoetin alpha (Aranesp) during radiotherapy (RT) improves outcome in patients with HNSCC. Following a planned interim analysis which showed inferiority of the experimental treatment, the trial was stopped in November 2006. Methods: Pts with HNSCC eligible for primary RT alone and with Hb values below 14.0 g/dl were randomized to receive Aranesp together with accelerated fractionated RT. Pts. were stratified according to gender, T and N staging, tumor site, and institution. Aranesp was given subcutaneously in a dose of 150 micrograms weekly during RT, or stopped earlier if the Hb exceeded 15.5 g/dl. Results: In total, 522 patients (of a planned intake of 600) were included at the time of the interim analysis. Of these 514 pts were eligible for analysis (255 pts treated with Aranesp and 259 pts in the control group) with a median follow up of 49 months. Among these, 201 developed a loco-regional failure (primary endpoint). There have been 238 deaths of which 176 are due to HNSCC. The patients were evenly distributed according to the stratification parameters (gender, T and N staging, tumor site, institution).Aranesp resulted in the expected increase in Hb in more than 81% of the patients. The compliance to Aranesp was good with no significant difference in serious (cardiovascular) adverse events (3% vs. 1%). Overall, the results showed a poorer outcome in 5-year loco-regional control (59% vs. 68% (p = 0.04, RR: 1.47 [1.14–1.94]) for the Aranesp vs. control arm. This was also seen for the endpoint of disease-free survival (37% vs. 47%, p = 0.02, RR: 1.32 [1.04–1.68]), whereas there was no significant difference in overall survival (40% vs. 51%, p = 0.16, RR: 1.20 [0.93–1.55]). There were no differences in radiation related morbidity. All univariate analyses were confirmed in a multivariate setting. Conclusions: Correction of the Hb level with Aranesp in patients with HNSCC resulted in a significantly poorer tumor control after radiotherapy. The treatment principle was abandoned and the difference in outcome is being subjected to further examination. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Neurology: Genetics Acknowledgment to Reviewers (2021)

We wish to acknowledge the individuals who have completed reviews for the journal over the course of 2020—your thoughtful comments are tremendously helpful and highly appreciated. We are also grateful for your cooperation in returning reviews in a timely manner. Please find the guidelines for reviewing articles on the Neurology: Genetics website at [ng.neurology.org/][1]. This page provides information on expectations of reviewers regarding confidentiality, timeliness, and reviewer conflicts of interest; it also provides instructions for formatting the comments to editors and authors to enable the most effective communication with authors. [1]: http://ng.neurology.org/submit/peerreview
Perfluorocyclohexenyl aryl ether polymers via polycondensation of decafluorocyclohexene with bisphenols (2013)

ABSTRACT A novel class of semifluorinated perfluorocyclohexenyl (PFCH) aryl ether homo/copolymers was successfully synthesized with high yield through the step‐growth polymerization of commercially available bisphenols and decafluorocyclohexene in the presence of a triethylamine base. The synthesized polymers exhibit variable thermal properties depending on the functional spacer group (R). PFCH aryl ether copolymers with random and alternating architectures were also prepared from versatile bis‐perfluorocyclohexenyl aryl ether monomers. The PFCH polymers show high thermal stabilities with a 5% decomposition temperature ranging from 359 to 444 °C in air and nitrogen atmosphere. These semifluorinated PFCH aromatic ether polymers contain intact enchained PFCH olefin moieties, making further reactions such as crosslinking and application specific functionalization possible. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52 , 232–238
Semifluorinated Aromatic Side-Group Polystyrene-Based Block Copolymers:  Bulk Structure and Surface Orientation Studies (2002)

Two families of narrow polydispersity poly(styrene)-based block copolymers bearing side groups containing both a phenyl ring and a para-linked semifluorinated side group were designed to produce stable low energy surfaces. The effects of the phenyl ring on the surface and bulk structure of the materials were investigated. The semifluorinated side chains were found to self-assemble into liquid-crystalline smectic layers within the microphase domains. An unexpected enhancement of surface organization by the aromatic group was observed. The bulk morphology and the interplay between microphase separation and liquid crystalline self-assembly were examined using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray scattering. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) studies were used to probe the surface coverage of the fluorinated segments. NEXAFS also allowed the determination of the orientation parameters (SC-F and Sπ*) of the C−F bond and phenyl ring of the semifluorinated side groups at the surface. On the basis of these data, the orientational coupling between the −CF2− helix and the aromatic ring was found to depend on the length of the fluorocarbon substituent.
Global acoustic mapping of ocean temperatures (GAMOT) (1994)

The GAMOT group is developing two instruments that will economically map temperatures in the global oceans at a resolution suitable for understanding natural variability in climate and separating that from a global warming trend. The status of these instruments, a surface suspended acoustic receiver and an autonomous source mooring, will be presented. According to state-of-the-art models of the ocean. changes in climate can be easily detected with acoustic thermometers. These types of models represent climatic variability quite well since they replicate variations in climate measured from satellite altimeters and infrared sensors. The fastest way to detect global warming is to subtract off natural variability and examine the residual for trends. [Work supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency.]
A Case of Congenital Short Trachea Combined with Laryngeal Cleft (2012)

Congenital short trachea is a rare congenital anomaly in which the trachea is composed of reduced number of cartilage rings, which result in an abnormally high position of the carina and an abnormal course of the main bronchi. Hazards of congenital short trachea in infants and children include inadvertent bronchial intubation, because it causes bronchiostenosis, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and ipsilateral atelectasis. Laryngeal cleft is a rare condition, as well. Symptoms range from mild stridor to massive aspiration and respiratory distress, depending on the severity of the cleft. Until now, a case with combination of these two rare congenital defects has not been reported. Herein, we report a 13 month-old boy who has congenital short trachea with laryngeal cleft. [
Figure S10 from A Phase II Trial of Guadecitabine plus Atezolizumab in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Progressing after Initial Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 10: Peripheral immune cell dynamics induced by combination therapy.&lt;/p&gt;
Nonvolatile molecular memory with the multilevel states based on MoS 2 nanochannel field effect transistor through tuning gate voltage to control molecular configurations (2020)

A new flexible memory element is crucial for mobile and wearable electronics. A new concept for memory operation and innovative device structure with new materials is certainly required to address the bottleneck of memory applications now and in the future. We report a new nonvolatile molecular memory with a new operating mechanism based on two-dimensional (2D) material nanochannel field-effect transistors (FETs). The smallest channel length for our 2D material nanochannel FETs was approximately 30 nm. The modified molecular configuration for charge induced in the nanochannel of the MoS<sub>2</sub> FET can be tuned by applying an up-gate voltage pulse, which can vary the channel conductance to exhibit memory states. Through controlling the amounts of triggered molecules through either different gate voltage pulses or gate duration time, multilevel states were obtained in the molecular memory. These new molecular memory transistors exhibited an erase/program ratio of more than three orders of current magnitude and high sensitivity, of a few picoamperes, at the current level. Reproducible operation and four-level states with stable retention and endurance were achieved. We believe this prototype device has potential for use in future memory devices.