gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Central programming of postural movements: adaptation to altered support-surface configurations (1986)

We studied the extent to which automatic postural actions in standing human subjects are organized by a limited repertoire of central motor programs. Subjects stood on support surfaces of various lengths, which forced them to adopt different postural movement strategies to compensate for the same external perturbations. We assessed whether a continuum or a limited set of muscle activation patterns was used to produce different movement patterns and the extent to which movement patterns were influenced by prior experience. Exposing subjects standing on a normal support surface to brief forward and backward horizontal surface perturbations elicited relatively stereotyped patterns of leg and trunk muscle activation with 73- to 110-ms latencies. Activity began in the ankle joint muscles and then radiated in sequence to thigh and then trunk muscles on the same dorsal or ventral aspect of the body. This activation pattern exerted compensatory torques about the ankle joints, which restored equilibrium by moving the body center of mass forward or backward. This pattern has been termed the ankle strategy because it restores equilibrium by moving the body primarily around the ankle joints. To successfully maintain balance while standing on a support surface short in relation to foot length, subjects activated leg and trunk muscles at similar latencies but organized the activity differently. The trunk and thigh muscles antagonistic to those used in the ankle strategy were activated in the opposite proximal-to-distal sequence, whereas the ankle muscles were generally unresponsive. This activation pattern produced a compensatory horizontal shear force against the support surface but little, if any, ankle torque. This pattern has been termed the hip strategy, because the resulting motion is focused primarily about the hip joints. Exposing subjects to horizontal surface perturbations while standing on support surfaces intermediate in length between the shortest and longest elicited more complex postural movements and associated muscle activation patterns that resembled ankle and hip strategies combined in different temporal relations. These complex postural movements were executed with combinations of torque and horizontal shear forces and motions of ankle and hip joints. During the first 5-20 practice trials immediately following changes from one support surface length to another, response latencies were unchanged. The activation patterns, however, were complex and resembled the patterns observed during well-practiced stance on surfaces of intermediate lengths.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
80 Gb/s Decision Feedback Equalizer for Intersymbol Interference Limited Channels (2013)

We demonstrate the first 80 Gb/s decision feedback equalizer in various electrical and optical applications. The device, designed in SiGe:C BiCMOS 0.13 µm technology, enables error-free data recovery of heavily distorted signals transmitted at a bandwidth less than 30% of their bit rate. The fastest nonlinear electrical equalizer reported yet utilizes a novel 1-tap look-ahead architecture.
Mandibular finite element simulation as a tool for trauma surgery. (2008)

The approach may be of benefit for optimized behavior with regard to certain sports or vocations. For forensic analysis, the method will contribute by elimination of scenarios not matching the given fracture locations. Nevertheless, the immediate purpose of our approach is a better understanding of the injured organ's condition. Fractures of bone as an adaptive biological tissue differ fundamentally from mechanical failure in engineering. Many of our trauma simulations showed elevated stress/strain around the fracture, leading to the suggestion of weakened bone there. This finding was confirmed by surgical observation.
Proofs and additional experiments on Second order techniques for learning time-series with structural breaks (2020)

We provide complete proofs of the lemmas about the properties of the regularized loss function that is used in the second order techniques for learning time-series with structural breaks in Osogami (2021). In addition, we show experimental results that support the validity of the techniques.
Abstract 215: Allogeneic MSCs Improve Endothelial Function in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy via an SDF-1α-mediated Mechanism and the Suppression of Pathologic Cytokines (2017)

Endothelial dysfunction is central to the pathophysiology of heart failure, including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Current drug therapies are unable to halt the progression of DCM, compelling the emergence of novel stem cell therapy approaches. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pro-angiogenic, immunomodulatory, antifibrotic, and stimulate endogenous endothelial progenitor (EPC) proliferation and function, thus having the potential to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. We demonstrated that patients with DCM who received allogeneic MSCs had a significant improvement in endothelial function 3-months post treatment, whereas patients who received autologous MSCs had no improvement. Therefore, we hypothesized that allogeneic MSCs preferentially improve endothelial function via a mechanism involving the suppression of pathologic levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Accordingly, patient serum VEGF and TNFα were measured at baseline and 3 months post MSC treatment. In vitro, MSC secretion of SDF-1α and TNFα was also measured. Our results show that patients with DCM had elevated levels of VEGF (n=21, 581.2±812.2 pg/mL) and TNFα (n=15, 22±9.4 pg/mL) at baseline, and that only allogeneic MSCs were able to restore these levels toward normal (VEGF: n=10, Δ-267.1±252.1, P=0.01; TNFα: n=8, Δ-7.1±3.1 pg/mL, P=0.0005). While there was no difference in TNFα secretion by autologous or allogeneic MSCs (0.01±0.14 vs. 0.4±0.6 pg/mL), autologous MSCs secreted significantly higher levels of SDF-1α compared to allogeneic MSCs (n=12, 79.3±16.7 vs. 14.2±9.4 pg/mL, P=0.0001). In vitro secreted SDF-1α and serum VEGF and TNFα levels correlated with EPC bioactivity (ΔSDF-1α to ΔEPC-CFUs, R=-0.9, P&lt;0.0001; ΔVEGF to ΔEPC-CFUs, R=-0.7, P=0.001; ΔTNFα to ΔEPC-CFUs, R=-0.6, P=0.01). These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which allogeneic MSCs secrete physiologic levels of SDF-1α resulting in physiologic levels of VEGF signaling, reduced TNFα, increased EPC bioactivity, and improved endothelial function. These findings have important clinical and biological implications for the use of MSCs in patients with DCM.
Diversity of the Neurotoxic Conus Peptides: A Model for Concerted Pharmacological Discovery (2007)

Predatory cone snails (genus Conus) produce a rich array of venoms that collectively contain an estimated 100,000 small, disulfide-rich peptides (i.e., conotoxins, or conopeptides). Over the last few decades, the conopeptides have revealed a remarkable diversity of pharmacological function and utility. An evolutionary rationale for the existence of such a large and pharmacologically diverse set of gene products can be premised on the complexity of intra- and interspecies interactions that define the ecology of Conus snails. Insights into these evolutionary trends, moreover, have been exploited with great neuropharmacological success, so that research into the Conus snails effectively recapitulates a new concerted discovery approach, which we discuss here, for developing unique ligands for both laboratory and therapeutic applications. The Conus peptides thus serve as a model system for reaping the pharmacological potential of biodiverse animal lineages.
The Mechanism of the Double Bond Cleavage in the Titanium Zeolite‐catalyzed Oxidation of α‐Methylstyrene by Hydrogen Peroxide: the β‐Hydroperoxy Alcohol as Intermediate (1996)

Abstract It is unequivocally shown that acetophenone, an oxidation product in the titanium zeolite‐catalyzed oxidation of α‐methylstyrene, derives from 2‐hydroperoxy‐2‐phenyl‐1‐propanol as intermediate, which was detected and isolated in this reaction for the first time.
SuperCut (2023)

The parallel execution of many graph algorithms is frequently dominated by data communication overheads between compute nodes. This bottleneck becomes even more pronounced in Near-Memory Processing (NMP) architectures with multiple memory cubes as local memory accesses are less expensive. Existing near-memory architectures typically use graph partitioning methods with a fixed vertex assignment, which limits their potential to improve performance and reduce energy consumption. Here, we argue that an NMP-based graph processing system should also consider the distribution of vertices onto memory cubes. We propose SuperCut, a framework for near-memory architectures to effectively reduce communication overheads while maintaining computational balance. We evaluate SuperCut via architectural simulation with 6 real-world datasets and 4 representative applications. The results show that it provides up to 1.8x total energy reduction and 2.6x speedup relative to current state-of-the-art approaches.
Androgen Receptor Splice Variants Are Not Substrates of Nonsense‐Mediated Decay (2017)

This study eliminates a possible mechanism of regulation of certain AR variants. Future research into the regulation of AR variants should focus on other mechanisms to better understand the origin of these variants and to possibly inhibit their expression for the resensitization of resistant cancers. Prostate 77:829-837, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative characterization of brain β-amyloid in 718 normal subjects using a joint PiB/FDG PET image histogram (2016)

We have previously described an automated system for the co-registration of PiB and FDG PET images with structural MRI and a neurological anatomy atlas to produce region-specific quantization of cortical activity and amyloid burden. We also reported a global joint PiB/FDG histogram-based measure (FDG-Associated PiB Uptake Ratio – FAPUR) that performed as well as regional PiB ratio in stratifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) patients from normal subjects in an autopsy-verified cohort of 31. In this paper we examine results of this analysis on a clinically-verified cohort of 718 normal volunteers. We found that the global FDG ratio correlated negatively with age (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.044) and global PiB ratio correlated positively with age (r<sup>2</sup>=0.038). FAPUR also correlated negatively with age (r<sup>2</sup>-.025), and in addition, we introduce a new metric – the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r<sup>2</sup>) of the joint PiB/FDG histogram which correlates positively (r<sup>2</sup>=0.014) with age. We then used these measurements to construct age-weighted Z-scores for all measurements made on the original autopsy cohort. We found similar stratification using Z-scores compared to raw values; however, the joint PiB/FDG r<sup>2</sup> Z-score showed the greatest stratification ability.
Information Extraction for Text Mining (2000)

The extra・Ction ofknowledge/informationfrom vast amountS Oftextualdata has beenthefbcusofmlユChresearchinrecentyears.rfextminlngteClm0logyaimstofind hiddenknowledgeintextualdata・Thevariedinformtaion/termcanbeextractedh・Om textualdata,howeveralloftermsftom仁extualdataare notrepresentative forText Mining・Thus,Text Mining requires theidenti丘ca.tion ofdomain speci丘c termsin Order七os11CCeSSfullyminelinguisticdatatoextractconceptcorrelationsand七rends. Thispaperpresentsamethodfbrtheextractionofsigni丘canttermsandtheirusein therepresentationoftextualdataspecはcallyfbrtheTextMiningapplication・
Decentralized Group Sparse Beamforming for Multi-Cloud Radio Access Networks (2015)

Recent studies on cloud-radio access networks (CRANs) assume the availability of a single processor (cloud) capable of managing the entire network performance; inter-cloud interference is treated as background noise. This paper considers the more practical scenario of the downlink of a CRAN formed by multiple clouds, where each cloud is connected to a cluster of multiple-antenna base stations (BSs) via high-capacity wireline backhaul links. The network is composed of several disjoint BSs' clusters, each serving a pre-known set of single-antenna users. To account for both inter- cloud and intra-cloud interference, the paper considers the problem of minimizing the total network power consumption subject to quality of service constraints, by jointly determining the set of active BSs connected to each cloud and the beamforming vectors of every user across the network. The paper solves the problem using Lagrangian duality theory through a dual decomposition approach, which decouples the problem into multiple and independent subproblems, the solution of which depends on the dual optimization problem. The solution then proceeds in updating the dual variables and the active set of BSs at each cloud iteratively. The proposed approach leads to a distributed implementation across the multiple clouds through a reasonable exchange of information between adjacent clouds. The paper further proposes a centralized solution to the problem. Simulation results suggest that the proposed algorithms significantly outperform the conventional per-cloud update solution, especially at high signal-to-interference-plus- noise ratio (SINR) target.
Supplementary Figures S1-S7; Supplementary Tables S1-S7; and Supplementary Materials and Methods from Targeting of Hematologic Malignancies with PTC299, A Novel Potent Inhibitor of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase with Favorable Pharmaceutical Properties (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S7: Supplementary Figure S1 shows chemical Synthesis and biological characterization of PTC299. Supplementary Figure S2 shows generation and characterization of PTC299-resistant HT1080 cells. Supplementary Figure 3 shows that PTC299 interacts with and inhibits the activity of DHODH. Supplementary Figure S4 shows that PTC299 inhibits de novo UMP production in both sensitive and insensitive cell lines. Supplementary Figure S5 shows that PTC299 has broad activity against leukemia in vitro and in vivo. Supplementary Figure S6 shows&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;that PTC299 inhibits production of VEGF protein in tumor cells more potently than does brequinar or teriflunomide. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S7 shows the comparison of GSK983 and PTC299 in pharmacokinetic study in mice; Supplementary Tables S1-S7: Supplementary Table S1 shows the information on the source of cells and when they were obtained. Supplementary Table S2 shows that the metabolism of 15N-glutamine in cells treated with PTC299 is similar to that measured in cells treated with brequinar, a known DHODH inhibitor. Supplementary Table S3 shows the summary of enriched proteins identified in PTC299 pull-down samples. Supplementary Table S4 shows PTC299 species selectivity: inhibition of de novo UMP. Supplementary Table S5 shows the preclinical safety profile of PTC299. Supplementary Table S6 shows the demographic information for patients in the NF-2 clinical trial. Supplementary Table S7 shows the differences in expression of genes related to pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis and salvage pathway in hematopoietic cancers versus solid tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Yield and Reliability Challenges at 7nm and Below (2019)

Layout Design Rules have been scaled very aggressively to enable the 7nm technology node without EUV. As a result, achieving acceptable performance and yield in High Volume Manufacturing (HVM) has become an extremely challenging task. Systematic yield and parametric variabilities have become quite significant. Moreover, due to overlay tolerance requirements and diminishing process windows, reliability risks due to soft shorts/leakages and soft opens for both FEOL and BEOL have also increased to a critical level. Introduction of EUV at the second wave of 7nm and 5nm will not help significantly due to increased detectivity and significant increases in Local Edge Roughness. New characterization techniques are necessary to identify the yield and reliability risks. After reviewing the evolution of design rules and classifying the yield and reliability risks, we will present examples from Design-For-Inspection™ (DFI™) and the novel VarScan methodology to "detect the undetectable" defects and characterize variability for both FEOL and BEOL 7nm and below technologies.
Effects of monolayer AlAs insertion in modulation dopedGaAs/AlxGa1−xAsquantum-well structures (2000)

Symmetrically modulation doped ${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ quantum-well structures, containing a monolayer thickness of single AlAs insertion in the well region, are studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy and electrical characterization. The aim of this study is to explore how the AlAs insertion influences the electronic properties of the structures and the mobility of the carrier confined in the well layer. We find that the electronic structure of the confined electrons is strongly influenced by the AlAs insertion in the modulation doped structures. The effective mass of the particles involved in the observed optical transition and the transition energy were deduced from magneto-optical measurements, while the mobility and carrier concentration were obtained from the Hall measurements. The experimentally deduced transition energies are compared with the results from a simple self-consistent calculation.
A framework for coordinated control of multi-agent systems (2004)

In this study, a framework is proposed for the distributed control and coordination of multi-agent systems. In the proposed framework, the control of multi-agent systems is regarded as achieving decentralized control and coordination of agents. Each agent is modeled as a coordinated hybrid agent (CHA) which is composed of an intelligent coordination control layer and a hybrid control layer. The intelligent coordination control layer deals with the planning, coordination, decision-making and computation of the agent The hybrid control layer of the proposed framework takes the output of the intelligent coordination layer and generates discrete and continuous control signals to control the overall process. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed framework, the proposed framework is applied for controlling a multi-crane system.
Synthesis of the Ring System of Phomactin D Using a Suzuki Macrocyclization (2000)

[reaction: see text]The ring system of phomactin D was synthesized in racemic form in an efficient manner from 2,3-dimethylcyclohexanone. Notable transformations include (1) an alkylation of the enolate of a vinylogous thiolester to install a quaternary stereocenter, (2) a conjugate addition of cyanide to an alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde, (3) the formation of a Weinreb amide directly from a cyanohydrin, and (4) an intramolecular Pd-mediated Suzuki coupling of a B-alkyl-9-BBN derivative and a vinyl iodide to form the macrocyclic ring.
The use of micropores for fine bubble creation in the removal of PCE in groundwater (1996)

The use of microporous Spargepoint{reg_sign} to create fine bubbles, which easily penetrate sandy formations to allow fluid flow, has unexpected benefits when used with multiple gas systems. Microfine bubbles accelerate the transfer rate of PCE from aqueous to gaseous state. The bubble rise transfers the PCE to the vadose zone. The ten-fold difference in surface-to-volume ratio of Spargepoint{reg_sign} microbubbles compared to bubbles from well screens results in a three-fold improvement in transfer rates. To block the gaseous state from reverting to surface dissolved state in the vadose (unsaturated) zone, a microprocessor system shuttles an oxidizing gas through the vadose zone to chemically degrade the transported PCE. Destruction of the PCE and vacuum extraction of gaseous byproducts eliminates reflux of the contaminant under rainfall conditions in the unsaturated zone. Use of a 50 CFM sparge system at the Crossroads Mall site in Carson City, Nevada resulted in extremely rapid removal of PCE.
Use of a TT virus ORF1 recombinant protein to detect anti-TT virus antibodies in human sera (2000)

TT virus (TTV), isolated initially from a Japanese patient with hepatitis of unknown aetiology, has since been found to infect both healthy and diseased individuals and numerous prevalence studies have raised questions about its role in unexplained hepatitis. In order to determine the prevalence of ongoing TTV infection as well as resolved infection, a serological study was performed with a recombinant protein generated from the open reading frame 1 (ORF1) sequence isolated from a French patient infected by TTV. The C-terminal end of the ORF1 protein, containing a particularly hydrophilic region, was retained to be used as antigen to detect the presence of anti-TTV antibodies in serum samples by a Western blot analysis. For this purpose, the C-terminal ORF1 region was expressed in fusion with a hexahistidine tail in E. coli and purified by metal-chelate affinity chromatography. The serological screening of 70 human sera, including 30 patients with hepatitis of unknown aetiology, 30 blood donors and 10 healthy children, allowed the immune response of infected hosts to be identified by the detection of TTV-specific antibodies, with a very high prevalence of 98.6% in the human sera tested. In contrast, TTV DNA was detected by PCR in only 76.1% of the tested sera. The use of the ORF1 C-terminal recombinant protein thereby provided a diagnostic tool to follow the immune response of the host against TTV.
Elementary Computation of Object Approach by a Wide-Field Visual Neuron (1995)

An essential function of the brain is to detect threats, such as those posed by objects or predators on a collision course. A wide-field, movement-sensitive visual neuron in the brain of the locust was studied by presenting simulated approaching, receding, and translating objects. The neuron's responses could be described simply by multiplying the velocity of the image edge (dtheta/dtau) with an exponential function of the size of the object's image on the retina (e-alpha theta). Because this product peaks before the image reaches its maximum size during approach, this neuron can anticipate collision. The neuron's activity peaks approximately when the approaching object reaches a certain angular size. Because this neuron receives distinct inputs about image size and velocity, the dendritic tree of a single neuron may function as a biophysical device that can carry out a multiplication of two independent input signals.
Tumor Size Predicts Synchronous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Surveillance of Small Renal Masses (2007)

Radiographic tumor size is a significant clinical predictor of the presence of biopsy proven synchronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma. In our series the odds of presenting with synchronous, biopsy proven metastatic disease increased by 22% with each 1 cm increase in tumor size. A 100% odds increase, or doubling of the risk of metastasis, occurs with a 3.5 cm increase in primary tumor size. These data have important implications for extent of disease evaluations in patients with large tumors and for the active surveillance of small enhancing renal masses.
trans-1,3-Dithiane-1,3-dioxide, a new chiral acyl anion equivalent for the preparation of masked activated acids: application to the synthesis of α-hydroxy acid derivatives (1994)

trans-1,3-Dithiane-1,3-dioxide reacts with high diastereoselectivity with aromatic aldehydes and the 1,3-dithiane-1,3-dioxide moiety can be easily converted to a thiolester without racemisation by carrying out a Pummerer reaction; the thiolester is a group that can be readily transformed into acids, esters, amides, ketones and aldehydes.