gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
n-Butanol or isobutanol as a value-added fuel additive to inhibit microbial degradation of stored gasoline (2022)

Biofouling of gasoline can occur during fuel storage caused by bacteria and fungi that form a biofilm at a fuel/water interface and that produce organic acids and sulfides. Fuel additives are applied to gasoline to prevent biofouling but are relatively expensive, are not always effective against biofilms, and do not contribute to the combustibility of gasoline. Bio-isobutanol is an approved, certified advanced biofuel and is added up to 16% (v/v) in gasoline blends “iBut16”; n-butanol blends are currently under review. Microorganisms are inhibited by n-butanol or isobutanol when the aqueous concentration reaches >2-3% (w/v). We determined that n-butanol partitions into the aqueous phase of a model gasoline/water system reaching concentrations of 42 g/L and up to 48 g/L from gasoline blends at 10% and 24% (v/v), respectively. Likewise, isobutanol blended in gasoline at 10% and 24% (v/v) partitioned into an aqueous phase at 45 g/L and 53 g/L, respectively. Several bacterial and fungal strains that originate from fuel storage tanks, or are known to be solvent tolerant, were evaluated for their potential growth in a range of n- and isobutanol concentrations. Growth rates for all strains tested were reduced by 40–100% relative to untreated controls in n- and isobutanol concentrations of 1.5 and 2.0% (v/v). No observable growth occurred for any of the microorganisms in solvent concentrations at 3.0% (v/v). T amphiphilic and chaotropic properties of n- or isobutanol help them inhibit microbial growth and could serve as effective biocides during fuel storage as well as being valuable fuel additives.
Non-local piezoresponse of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures (2014)

The hysteretic piezoelectric response in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures can provide important insights into the mechanism for interfacial conductance and its metastability under various conditions. We perform piezoresponse force microscopy experiments on 3 unit cell LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures. A hysteretic piezoresponse is observed under a variety of non-local environmental and driving conditions. The hysteresis is suppressed when either the sample is placed in vacuum or the interface is electrically grounded. We also find the hysteresis can be affected by the presence of ions. A simple physical model related to surface adsorbates is presented to account for the observed phenomena.
Soft thresholding schemes for multiple signal classification algorithm (2020)

Multiple signal classification algorithm (MUSICAL) exploits temporal fluctuations in fluorescence intensity to perform super-resolution microscopy by computing the value of a super-resolving indicator function across a fine sample grid. A key step in the algorithm is the separation of the measurements into signal and noise subspaces, based on a single user-specified parameter called the threshold. The resulting image is strongly sensitive to this parameter and the subjectivity arising from multiple practical factors makes it difficult to determine the right rule of selection. We address this issue by proposing soft thresholding schemes derived from a new generalized framework for indicator function design. We show that the new schemes significantly alleviate the subjectivity and sensitivity of hard thresholding while retaining the super-resolution ability. We also evaluate the trade-off between resolution and contrast and the out-of-focus light rejection using the various indicator functions. Through this, we create significant new insights into the use and further optimization of MUSICAL for a wide range of practical scenarios.
Optimization of etch conditions for a silicon-containing methacrylate-based bilayer resist for 193-nm lithography (1998)

The 193 nm photoresist generation will need several technological approaches in order for it to be successfully integrated into manufacturing. These approaches include bilayer, single layer and top surface imaging resists. Bilayer resists offer the advantages of thin film imaging (resolution, depth of focus) and potential advantages in plasma etch resistance due to the possibility of incorporating aromatic components into the undercoat. We have developed a prototype bilayer resist system based on a silicon containing methacrylate imageable layer and a crosslinked styrenic copolymer undercoat which has shown 0.13 micrometers resolution. In this paper we will discuss the effects of O<SUB>2</SUB>-RIE and polysilicon etch on resist and substrate profile, selectivity and iso-dense resist.
Permeability Estimation from NMR Time Dependent Methane Saturation Monitoring in Shales (2017)

This paper consists of multiple approaches to develop a new model to determine the porosity, permeability, and rate of desorption of 1.5-in. shale samples. Permeability measurements of very tight rocks is difficult and uncertain, and no clear industry standard has yet been agreed upon. Therefore, this technique will investigate a new way to determine the porosity and permeability in shales. The raw NMR signal of the sample is measured before methane injection and is used as a base signal. During the injection of methane, the raw NMR signal increases. The base signal is subtracted from the response during the methane injection. This difference is inverted in multiple exponential distributions to only obtain the T2 distributions and T1–T2 correlations related to the injected methane in the shales. T2 distribution holds information on the pore size distribution. Using cutoff values to separate the signal, different zones can be extracted. During injection and production of fluids, the rate and the total fluid filled porosity are used to calculate the permeability related to the individual pore size distributions. In the majority of shale gas formations, two types of pore systems are present; kerogen-hosted organic pores (OP) and inorganic pores (IP). By fully saturating 1.5-in. shale cores and by continuously measuring the NMR signal, it is possible to determine the individual porosity and permeabilities of the pore system. T1–T2 measurements are made to confirm the individual zones and the mobility of the fluid in the zones. A single exponential decay formula is defined to calculate the permeability. This formula is tested with a reservoir simulation (using Eclipse) to validate the calculated value. Eventually a multiexponential model is used to distinguish the high and low permeability components in shales. This high permeability component is interpreted to represent the inorganic pores and microfractures, while the low permeability component is interpreted to represent the organic pores and the desorption from the pore surface. The Posidonia core samples show better production potential than the Qusaiba samples. Understanding the shale porosities for different storage mechanisms as well as the corresponding permeabilities is essential for developing shale reservoirs and target zone selection.
Investigation of the catabolism of acetate and peptides in the new anaerobic thermophilic bacterium Caldithrix abyssi (2006)

This work is concerned with the metabolism of Caldithrix abyssi-an anaerobic, moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and representing a new, deeply deviated branch within the domain Bacteria. Cells of C. abyssi grown on acetate and nitrate, which was reduced to ammonium, possessed nitrate reductase activity and contained cytochromes of the b and c types. Utilization of acetate occurred as a result of the operation of the TCA and glyoxylate cycles. During growth of C. abyssi on yeast extract, fermentation with the formation of acetate, propionate, hydrogen, and CO2 occurred. In extracts of cells grown on yeast extract, acetate was produced from pyruvate with the involvement of the following enzymes: pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (2.6 micromol/(min mg protein)), phosphate acetyltransferase (0.46 micromol/(min mg protein)), and acetate kinase (0.3 micromol/(min mg protein)). The activity of fumarate reductase (0.14 micromol/(min mg protein)), malate dehydrogenase (0.17 micromol/(min mg protein)), and fumarate hydratase (1.2 micromol/(min mg protein)), as well as the presence of cytochrome b, points to the formation of propionate via the methyl-malonyl-CoA pathway. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) was detected. Thus, enzymatic mechanisms have been elucidated that allow C. abyssi to switch from fermentation to anaerobic respiration and to exist in the gradient of redox conditions characteristic of deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
First Demonstration of 1580 nm Wavelength Band WDM Transmission - For Doubling Usable Bandwidth and Suppressing FWM in DSF (1997)

The authors demonstrate WDM transmission in the unexplored 1580 nm band, for the first time, using newly developed gain-shifted EDFAs. By using the 1580 nm band, equally-spaced, eight 10 Gbit/s WDM channel, repeaterless transmission over 160 km dispersion-shifted fibre is achieved without any four-wave mixing degradation.
Hardware Algorithm Co-optimization on Resistive RAM Cross-bar Array for Scalable Analog Compute Technology for AI application (2021)

We optimize the hardware process for building a resistive RAM (RRAM) stack to increase the switching resistance while reducing the forming voltage (Vform), which are important ingredients for scalable analog computing. With increased resistance, we identified few immediate challenges. We demonstrate that one of those challenges, non-idealities in switching character, can be addressed by algorithm optimization.
Field Experimental Evaluation on 5G Millimeter Wave Radio Access for Mobile Communications (2017)

This paper presents beamforming and beam tracking techniques and downlink performance results from field experiments using a Proof-of-Concept (PoC) system. The PoC implements a 5G mobile radio access system in the millimeter wave band and utilizes beamforming and beam tracking techniques. These techniques are realized with a dielectric lens antenna fed by a switched antenna feeder array. The half-power beamwidth of the antenna is 3° corresponding to massive MIMO using approximately 1000 antenna elements. The system bandwidth is 1GHz and the center frequency is 73.5GHz. Adaptive modulation and coding using four modulation and coding schemes is implemented. The field experiment is conducted in the following small cell environments: a courtyard, a shopping mall and a street canyon. The majority of the test area is Line-Of-Sight (LOS) however the shopping mall course contains 69% Non-LOS (NLOS) conditions. The results show that the maximum throughput of over 2Gbps using rate 7/8 coded 16QAM modulation is achieved in 87%, 34% and 28% of each of the respective environments. The beam tracking achieves high availability of coverage and seamless mobility not only in LOS environments but also under NLOS conditions through the reflected paths.
Expression of Proadrenomedullin Derived Peptides in the Mammalian Pituitary: Co‐Localization of Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Proadrenomedullin N‐20 Terminal Peptide‐Like Peptide in the Same Secretory Granules of the Gonadotropes (2000)

Expression of proadrenomedullin-derived peptides in the rat, cow and human pituitary was studied by a variety of techniques. Immunocytochemical detection showed a widespread expression of adrenomedullin peptide in the adenohypophysis and the neural lobe, with low expression in the intermediate pituitary. Proadrenomedullin N-20 terminal peptide (PAMP)-immunoreactivity was also present in the anterior pituitary but showed a more marked heterogeneous distribution, with cells going from very strong to negative immunostaining. Lower levels of PAMP were found in the neural lobe. Interestingly, the distribution of adrenomedullin and PAMP immunoreactivity in the anterior pituitary did not completely overlap. In the present study, we concentrated our efforts to determine which cell type of the adenohypophysis expresses PAMP. Paraffin and semithin serial sections immunostained for PAMP and the classical pituitary hormones revealed that a subpopulation of the gonadotropes expresses high levels of PAMP-immunoreactive material. Ultrastructural analysis clearly showed PAMP-immunoreactivity in the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-containing large secretory granules of the gonadotropes, suggesting simultaneous secretion of PAMP and FSH by this cell type. Three mouse adenohypophysis-derived cell lines (AtT20, GH3, and alphaT3-1 derived from corticotropes, lacto/somatotropes and gonadotropes, respectively) were also analysed and showed expression of both proadrenomedullin-derived peptides and their mRNA. Functional studies in these three cell lines showed that neither adrenomedullin nor PAMP was able to stimulate cAMP production in our experimental conditions. Taken together, our results support that proadrenomedullin derived peptides are expressed in the pituitary in cell-specific and not overlapping patterns, that could be explained by differences in postranslational processing. Our data showing costorage of PAMP and FSH in the same secretory granules open a way by which PAMP could be involved in the control of reproductive physiology in a coordinated manner with FSH.
Liquid Crystalline Oligo(p-phenylene vinylene)-Terminated Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers. Synthesis and Characterization (2003)

Different generations of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers modified peripherically with urea oligo(p-phenylene vinylene)s (OPV) having a 3,4,5-tri(dodecyloxy)phenyl mesogenic unit (OPV−dendrimers) were successfully synthesized and fully characterized. Although intramolecular H-bonding exist between the urea linkages of the end groups, only weak interactions between the π-conjugated segments were observed in solution. The hydrogen-bonding interactions increased for higher generation dendrimers due to the closer proximity of the end groups, indicative of a more dense-shell packing. All generations of OPV−dendrimers showed liquid crystalline behavior in which the OPV−dendrimers have a homeotropic orientation. The temperature range of the liquid crystalline phase increased with higher generation.
Temperature Dependent Nonlinear Absorption in InSb (2009)

Temperature dependent two-photon and free-carrier absorption spectra of InSb are measured using femtosecond, picosecond, and nanosecond IR sources. Measurements over this substantial range of pulsewidths give results consistent with a recent theoretical model.
The rhetorical parsing, summarization, and generation of natural language texts (1998)

This thesis is an inquiry into the nature of the high-level, rhetorical structure of unrestricted natural language texts, computational means to enable its derivation, and two applications (in automatic summarization and natural language generation) that follow from the ability to build such structures automatically. 
The thesis proposes a first-order formalization of the high-level, rhetorical structure of text. The formalization assumes that text can be sequenced into elementary units; that discourse relations hold between textual units of various sizes; that some textual units are more important to the writer's purpose than others; and that trees are a good approximation of the abstract structure of text. The formalization also introduces a linguistically motivated compositionality criterion, which is shown to hold for the text structures that are valid. 
The thesis proposes, analyzes theoretically, and compares empirically four algorithms for determining the valid text structures of a sequence of units among which some rhetorical relations hold. Two algorithms apply model-theoretic techniques; the other two apply proof-theoretic techniques. 
The formalization and the algorithms mentioned so far correspond to the theoretical facet of the thesis. An exploratory corpus analysis of cue phrases provides the means for applying the formalization to unrestricted natural language texts. A set of empirically motivated algorithms were designed in order to determine the elementary textual units of a text, to hypothesize rhetorical relations that hold among these units, and eventually, to derive the discourse structure of that text. The process that finds the discourse structure of unrestricted natural language texts is called rhetorical parsing. 
The thesis explores two possible applications of the text theory that it proposes. The first application concerns a discourse-based summarization system, which is shown to significantly outperform both a baseline algorithm and a commercial system. An empirical psycholinguistic experiment not only provides an objective evaluation of the summarization system, but also confirms the adequacy of using the text theory proposed here in order to determine the most important units in a text. The second application concerns a set of text planning algorithms that can be used by natural language generation systems in order to construct text plans in the cases in which the high-level communicative goal is to map an entire knowledge pool into text.
Table S2 from Systematic Interrogation of Tumor Cell Resistance to Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;differential gene expression in HupT3 cells following TFAP4 knockout and overexpression&lt;/p&gt;
Observation of Breather Solitons in Microresonators (2016)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Share on X Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Share with WeChat Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Yu, J. K. Jang, Y. Okawachi, A. G. Griffith, K. Luke, S. A. Miller, X. Ji, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, "Observation of Breather Solitons in Microresonators," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2016), paper FM2A.8. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
High-Sensitive TRBC1-Based Flow Cytometric Assessment of T-Cell Clonality in Tαβ-Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia (2022)

Flow cytometric (FCM) analysis of the constant region 1 of the T-cell receptor β chain (TRBC1) expression for assessing Tαβ-cell clonality has been recently validated. However, its utility for the diagnosis of clonality of T-large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL) needs to be confirmed, since more mature Tαβ cells (i.e., T-LGL normal-counterpart) show broader TRBC1<sup>+</sup>/TRBC1<sup>-</sup> ratios vs. total Tαβ cells. We compared the distribution and absolute counts of TRBC1<sup>+</sup> and TRBC1<sup>-</sup> Tαβ-LGL in blood containing polyclonal (<i>n</i> = 25) vs. clonal (<i>n</i> = 29) LGL. Overall, polyclonal TRBC1<sup>+</sup> or TRBC1<sup>-</sup> Tαβ-LGL ranged between 0.36 and 571 cells/μL (3.2-91% TRBC1<sup>+</sup> cells), whereas the clonal LGL cases showed between 51 and 11,678 cells/μL (<0.9% or >96% TRBC1<sup>+</sup> cells). Among the distinct TCRVβ families, the CD28<sup>-</sup> effector-memory and terminal-effector polyclonal Tαβ cells ranged between 0 and 25 TRBC1<sup>+</sup> or TRBC1<sup>-</sup> cells/μL and between 0 and 100% TRBC1<sup>+</sup> cells, while clonal LGL ranged between 32 and 5515 TRBC1<sup>+</sup> or TRBC1<sup>-</sup> cells/μL, representing <1.6% or >98% TRBC1<sup>+</sup> cells. Our data support the utility of the TRBC1-FCM assay for detecting T-cell clonality in expansions of Tαβ-LGL suspected of T-LGLL based on altered percentages of TRBC1<sup>+</sup> Tαβ cells. However, in the absence of lymphocytosis or in the case of TαβCD4-LGL expansion, the detection of increased absolute cell counts by the TRBC1-FCM assay for more accurately defined subpopulations of Tαβ-LGL-expressing individual TCRVβ families, allows the detection of T-cell clonality, even in the absence of phenotypic aberrations.
Small Surface Acoustic Wave Duplexer for Wide-Band Code-Division Multiple Access Full-Band System Having Good Temperature Characteristics (2007)

A small surface acoustic wave (SAW) duplexer for a wide-band code-division multiple access (W-CDMA) system with a good temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) has been required. However, the conventional SAW duplexer for W-CDMA using Al electrode/50–70° YX-LiNbO3 is large (3.8×3.8 mm2) and its TCF is not good (-80 ppm/°C). When a SiO2 film is deposited on this substrate to improve its TCF, good frequency characteristics cannot be realized. Thus, by using a new structure such as a flattened SiO2 film/Cu electrode/substrate structure to improve the TCF, YX-LiNbO3 substrate to obtain a large coupling factor, and flip-chip bonding to miniaturize the duplexer, a small (3×2.5 mm2) SAW duplexer having a low insertion loss and a good TCF has been realized for the first time.
Influence of High Temperature Carbonation to the Weathering Resistance of Expansive Additive. (2015)

An expansive additive containing lime(CaO), ye’elimite(3CaO・3Al2O3・CaSO4) and Anhydrite(CaSO4) was treated with high-temperature carbonation, and the effects of the treatment temperature and time on weathering resistance of the treated expansive additive were examined. After carbonation treatment between 400℃ and 800℃, the weathering was suppressed. Among the compounds constituting the expansive additive, the lime actively reacted with CO2 under high-temperature environment, the film of calcium carbonate was formed on the surface of the free lime. While the ye’elimite and anhydrite showed slow reaction with CO2. The hydration activity of calcium carbonate is smaller than that of lime, the reaction between the moisture and the expansive additive was suppressed, which seemed to have contributed to weathering resistance. From the viewpoints of expansion performance and improvement of weathering resistance, it can be considered preferable to apply carbonation treatment to the expansive additives between 500℃ and 600℃ for a short time.
Evolution of Management and Outcomes in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: A Population-Based Analysis (2016)

Most older patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia currently treated in the U.S. receive rituximab as monotherapy or in combination with bortezomib or bendamustine. Newly designed trials should consider control arms aligned with this prevalent real-life standard. Compared with the 1990s, patients diagnosed according to current criteria are more likely to have anemia or neuropathy, or to receive early chemotherapy, but only 2.5% require plasmapheresis at diagnosis. The incremental clinical value of newly introduced agents needs to be assessed through a combination of clinical and health services research, taking into consideration their associated survival benefits, toxicities, and associated costs of care.