gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Zirconium Complexes for Gelling Polymers. A Combined X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Quantum Mechanical Study (2003)

The reinforcement of regulations concerning environment protection in most countries is a strong incentive to use “green” cross-linkers for sol−gel processes. Among them, water soluble zirconium complexes seem attractive for various applications in the surface coatings , oil production, sol stabilization, and agriculture industries. Moreover, recent works demonstrated that a zirconium lactate−polyacrylate solution leads to the formation of size controlled microgels under shear flow. The speciation of zirconium, both in aqueous solutions (zirconium lactate) and in polymer gels (a terpolymer of acrylamide), was determined by combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and quantum mechanical calculations using density functional theory. XAS experiments were performed at the Zr−K-edge at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility by using fluorescence detection in order to get results down to very low concentrations (37 ppm). The X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) results show that Zr is mainly surrounded by eight oxygens in the first coordination sphere, forming a dodecahedron. The analysis of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra combined with quantum mechanical calculations results indicates that, in the concentrated zirconium lactate solutions (53300 ppm), which was found to be stable over years, the zirconium complexes are dimers ((Zr)2(lactate)6) surrounded by six bidentate lactate ligands. As zirconium lactate concentration is decreased, the dimers condense first in cyclic tetramers (Zr4 (lactate)X) and then in larger oligomers by tetramer association. In polyacrylamide microgels ([Zr] = 74 and 148 ppm) the Zr species remains dimers when gelation is completed at pH = 6, whereas tetramers are also observed at pH = 7. The XAS spectra were characterized by a very high signal-to-noise ratio, making possible to observe the gelation, i.e., the exchange of lactate by acrylate ligands.
HB‐EGF decelerates cell proliferation synergistically with TGFα in perinatal distal lung development (2007)

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the EGF family of growth factors that is suggested to be involved in distal lung development. In HB-EGF null (HB(del/del)) newborns, a histopathologic analysis revealed abnormally thick saccular walls occurring from embryonic day 18.5 that reduced the terminal saccular space area. HB-EGF gene deletion resulted in a significant increase in cell proliferation, indicating that HB-EGF suppresses distal lung cell proliferation. Furthermore, an analysis of saccular morphology and proliferation in HB-EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) double-mutant newborns revealed that HB-EGF and TGFalpha function synergistically in this suppression. Finally, crosses between HB(del/del) mice and waved 2 mice, a hypomorphic EGF receptor (EGFR) mutant strain, suggest that HB-EGF and EGFR cooperate in this process. Thus, HB-EGF has a novel suppressive function that contributes to decelerating distal lung cell proliferation synergistically with TGFalpha through EGFR in perinatal distal lung development.
Roles of Pseudo-Closed s2 Orbitals for Different Intrinsic Hole Generation between Tl–Bi and In–Bi Bromide Double Perovskites (2017)

Although metal halide double perovskites A<sub>2</sub>B(I)B(III)X<sub>6</sub> are expected as nontoxic alternatives for lead halide perovskites, recent studies have shown that only Tl(I)-Bi(III) and In(I)-Bi(III) bromides are thermodynamically stable and possess optoelectronic properties suitable for photovoltaic absorbers. Here, we show, through density functional theory calculations, that Tl-Bi and In-Bi bromide double perovskites exhibit significantly different semiconducting behaviors due to the different energy levels of the highest-occupied pseudoclosed s<sup>2</sup> orbitals of Tl(I) and In(I). While Tl-Bi double perovskites can exhibit semiconducting p-type properties, In-Bi bromide double perovskites exhibit metallic p-type ones regardless of the synthesis condition due to the extremely low formation energy of In vacancy. Such difference makes Tl-Bi bromide double perovskites suitable for optoelectronic applications, but not In-Bi bromide double perovskites. Furthermore, there is a high probability for In to substitute a Bi site, forming a local In-In bromide double perovskite structure with a lower local conduction band minimum, detrimentally affecting the open circuit voltage of In-Bi bromide double perovskite-based thin film solar cells.
Elevated insulin receptor content in human breast cancer. (1990)

The growth of breast cancer cells is under the regulation of hormones, growth factors, and their receptors. In the present study, we have employed a new, sensitive, and specific radioimmunoassay for the direct measurement of insulin receptors in surgical specimens of breast cancers. In 159 specimens the insulin receptor content was 6.15 +/- 3.69 ng/0.1 mg protein. This value was more than sixfold higher than the mean value found in both 27 normal breast tissues obtained at total mastectomy (0.95 + 0.68, P less than 0.001) and in six normal specimens obtained from reduction mammoplasty (0.84 +/- 0.78, P less than 0.001). The insulin receptor content in breast cancer tissues was also higher than in any normal tissue investigated including liver (Pezzino, V., V. Papa, V. Trischitta, A. Brunetti, P.A. Goodman, M.K. Treutelaar, J.A. Williams, B.A. Maddux, R. Vigneri, and I.D. Goldfine, 1989. Am. J. Physiol. 257:E451-457). The insulin receptor in breast cancer retained its ability to both bind insulin and undergo insulin-induced tyrosine kinase activation. Immunostaining of the specimens revealed that the insulin receptor was present in malignant epithelial cells, but was not detected in stromal and inflammatory cells. Univariant analysis revealed that the insulin receptor content of the tumors correlated positively with tumor size (P = 0.014), histological grading (P = 0.030), and the estrogen receptor content (P = 0.035). There were no significant correlations between insulin receptor content and the age, body weight, menopausal status, and nodal involvement of the patients. These studies indicate, therefore, that the insulin receptor content is increased in breast cancers and raise the possibility that the insulin receptor may have a role in the biology of these tumors.
First-Trimester Plasmodium falciparum Infections Display a Typical “Placental” Phenotype (2012)

Our data suggest that the placental tropism of P. falciparum is already established in the first trimester of pregnancy, with consequent implications for the development of the pathology associated with placental malaria.
2′‐Modified Neamine Analogues from Thiomannosides through Glycosidation–Stereoinversion (2012)

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First human dose (FHD) study of the oral transforming growth factor-beta receptor I kinase inhibitor LY2157299 in patients with treatment-refractory malignant glioma. (2011)

3011 Background: Activated TGF-b signaling has been associated with poor survival in several tumors, including glioma, hepatocellular and pancreatic cancer. TGF-b inhibitors are expected to improve outcome in such cancer patients. We report on safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and anti-tumor activity of intermittent treatment with the TGF-b inhibitor LY2157299. Methods: Using a predictive pre-clinical PK/PD model and after evaluating safety of continuous dosing at 40 and 80mg/day (Calvo-Aller et al. 2008 ASCO 14554), patients were treated at 160, 240 and 300mg/day with intermittent dosing (14 days on followed by 14 days off) to determine the biologically effective dose (BED) for Phase 2. Together with standard evaluation, cardiac safety was assessed. PK, PD and tumor response evaluation were documented. Each cohort enrolled at least 6 with expansion to 12 evaluable patients if PK profile was inconclusive. Results: 28 patients with Grade IV glioma were treated and LY2157299 was well tolerated at all doses. There were two drug-related dose limiting toxicities, a pulmonary embolism and thrombocytopenia in cycle 2. No medically significant cardiotoxicities were observed. Three patients taking 160 mg/day were treated for >20 cycles. There were 3 confirmed, 1 unconfirmed PR at 160 mg/day and 1 unconfirmed PR at 300 mg/day. LY2157299 was rapidly absorbed with elimination half-life of approximately 6.5 hours. AUC(0-∞) at steady state was dose proportional for any two-fold increase in dose between 40 to 300mg. Within and between patient coefficients of variation were 26% and 40%, respectively. In some patients PD effects (e.g., pSMAD in PBMC) indicated target inhibition starting at the 160mg/day dose level. Conclusions: The 14 days on/ 14 days off treatment is safe at all dose levels and MTD was not observed at the anticipated maximum BED of 300mg/day. Notably, the BED range is above 160 mg/day showing anti-tumor response in at least 3 patients with durable responses beyond 1 year. Given the overall safety profile and interesting anti-tumor effect, LY2157299 is being investigated in phase II studies.
Recombinant Probiotic Expressing Listeria Adhesion Protein Attenuates Listeria monocytogenes Virulence In Vitro (2012)

Wild type probiotic bacteria were unable to prevent L. monocytogenes infection in vitro. In contrast, Lbp(LAP) blocked adhesion, invasion, and translocation of L. monocytogenes by interacting with host cell receptor Hsp60, thereby protecting cells from infection. These data show promise for the use of recombinant probiotics in preventing L. monocytogenes infection in high-risk populations.
Physical Map of Mouse Chromosome 17 in the Region Relevant for Positional Cloning of the Hybrid sterility 1 Gene (1994)

Hybrid sterility 1 (Hst1) is the major gene responsible for sterility of male hybrids between Mus musculus and certain laboratory strains. Thus, Hst1 is of importance in studying both postreproductive isolation of closely related species and male fertility. It has been mapped to mouse chromosome 17 in the region corresponding to the third inversion of the t haplotypes. The aim of the present study was to construct a physical map of the Hst1 region as the first step in an effort to clone the gene. Three yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) libraries (Princeton, Whitehead, and ICRF) were screened with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) oligonucleotide primers and DNA probes specific for loci previously mapped into the region of the third inversion. The isolated YAC clones were restriction mapped and arranged into contigs. Sixteen YAC clones were arranged into a single contig encompassing a region approximately 2000 kb long based on restriction mapping of highly overlapping but independently derived YAC clones. Five new loci in the region of the third inversion were mapped and the order and approximate physical distances of 12 loci established in this contig. The Hst1 gene maps approximately 0.2 cM proximal to the D17Ph1 locus encompassed by the YAC contig. Since the contig extends at least 1200 kb proximal to D17Ph1, it should contain the Hst1 gene.
Numerical simulation of ultrasonic transit-time flowmeter performance in high temperature gas flows (2004)

The use of electrostatic transducers avoids the limitations associated with piezoelectric transducers in gas flowmeters, such as their restricted maximum allowable gas temperatures and attainable measuring repetition rates. The measurement at high temperature (up to 600/spl deg/C) has necessitated the development of a new and innovative electrostatic transducer. In this work a structured thermally oxidized silicon backplate covered with a bulk conducting 3/spl mu/m titanium foil as membrane is used instead of e.g. a metallized polymer film. This configuration enables the application of transit-time flowmeters to the measurement of hot pulsating gas flows (up to 3kHz). Knowledge of the influence of the temperature and velocity profiles on the wave propagation in this high temperature range is essential for design improvements and operating and accuracy limits of the gas flowmeter. This paper presents a numerical 3-D procedure based on Ray-tracing to simulate the sound refraction and drift due to different temperature and velocity profiles for several transducer arrangements. The limits and dynamics of the used profiles are taken from measured data acquired on an exhaust train of an automotive combustion engine, as an exemplary application under extreme operating conditions. The wave propagation is modelled for a heatable double-path flowmeter with transducers of finite surface. Due to the high dynamics of the temperature variations and the thermal inertia of the flowmeter, negative temperature gradients must be taken into account. Since they result in focusing the wave front and a reversed refraction direction. The physical limits of transit-time flow metering in such hot gases can be determined. The up and down stream travel times and the best-case-normalized transmitter-receiver pressure ratios are presented for different working conditions and measuring set-ups. These results have been used to optimize the design of the measurement cell and to find the temperature-induced correction of the usually used equation to calculate the gas flow velocity. Additionally, clear 3-D visualizations of the wave fronts and their temporal propagation through the gas are generated.
Disease Expression in Usher Syndrome Caused byVLGR1Gene Mutation (USH2C) and Comparison withUSH2APhenotype (2005)

USH2C and USH2A manifest photoreceptor disease with rod- and cone-mediated visual losses and thinning of the outer nuclear layer. An orderly progression through disease stages was estimated from cross-sectional and limited longitudinal data. Intrafamilial and interfamilial variation in retinal severity in USH2A, however, suggests that genetic or nongenetic modifiers may be involved in the disease expression.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of 1‐Methoxy‐Substituted Isochromenes into Dimers of 2‐ Benzopyrylium Salts. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A model-based analysis identifies differences in phenotypic resistance between in vitro and in vivo: implications for translational medicine within tuberculosis (2020)

Abstract Proper characterization of drug effects on Mycobacterium tuberculosis relies on the characterization of phenotypically resistant bacteria to correctly establish exposure–response relationships. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential difference in phenotypic resistance in in vitro compared to murine in vivo models using CFU data alone or CFU together with most probable number (MPN) data following resuscitation with culture supernatant. Predictions of in vitro and in vivo phenotypic resistance i.e. persisters, using the Multistate Tuberculosis Pharmacometric (MTP) model framework was evaluated based on bacterial cultures grown with and without drug exposure using CFU alone or CFU plus MPN data. Phenotypic resistance and total bacterial number in in vitro natural growth observations, i.e. without drug, was well predicted by the MTP model using only CFU data. Capturing the murine in vivo total bacterial number and persisters during natural growth did however require re-estimation of model parameter using both the CFU and MPN observations implying that the ratio of persisters to total bacterial burden is different in vitro compared to murine in vivo. The evaluation of the in vitro rifampicin drug effect revealed that higher resolution in the persister drug effect was seen using CFU and MPN compared to CFU alone although drug effects on the other bacterial populations were well predicted using only CFU data. The ratio of persistent bacteria to total bacteria was predicted to be different between in vitro and murine in vivo . This difference could have implications for subsequent translational efforts in tuberculosis drug development.
Chemistry within a Unimolecular Micelle Precursor: Boron Superclusters by Site‐ and Depth‐Specific Transformations of Dendrimers (1994)

The water-soluble dendrimer 1, functionalized at specific internal sites with twelve carborane units, and a dendrimer containing four carborane units in its first generation were generated from dendrimers containing twelve and four internal alkyne functions. This represents the first example of the modification of the interior of a dendrimer at a defined distance from its surface. Water-soluble forms of boron are important in cancer therapy and in catalysis. R = CH2OCH2C6H5, CH2OH, CH2OSO3H.
Fabrication of SiGe Virtual Substrates by Ion Implantation Technique (2007)

We have developed a new SiGe virtual substrate fabrication technique where pre-ion-implantation is employed. In this method, prior to growth of SiGe layers, defects are intentionally introduced in the vicinity of Si substrate surfaces via implantation of relatively heavy ions, such as Ar+, Si+ and Ge+. Thin SiGe layers are grown on the ion-implanted Si substrates and the subsequent annealing considerably enhances the strain relaxation of the SiGe layers due to implantation-induced defects working as dislocation generation sources. As a result, extremely thin (100 nm) and largely-relaxed SiGe layers with atomically flat surfaces and very uniform strain distribution are obtained. These thin SiGe virtual substrates can be applied to the fabrication of strained-Si nMOSFETs and the significant mobility enhancement over the bulk Si device is obtained. These results clearly indicate that the ion implantation technique is very promising for realization of high-performance Si/Ge heterodevices based on SiGe virtual substrates.
iDREAM: T1-bias compensated DREAM B1+ mapping using adiabatic inversion pulses (2023)

A refinement of the DREAM B 1 + mapping technique is presented, that removes the potential T 1 -bias from the B 1 + maps. It is based on a phase cycling scheme including adiabatic inversion pulses and improves the B 1 + mapping accuracy and reliability and extends the dynamic working range of the DREAM approach. The method has been successfully validated on phantoms and in vivo on the brain at 3T.
Wear Test of the 12.5-kW Advanced Electric Propulsion System Engineering Test Unit Hall Thruster (2020)

This work presents a summary of the first wear test of the 12.5 kW Advanced Electric Propulsion System (AEPS) Engineering Test Unit 2 (ETU-2) thruster produced by Aerojet Rocketdyne. The ETU-2 Wear Test accumulated approximately 730 hours of operation split between the nominal 600 V/12.5 kW condition and the 300 V/6.25 kW condition previously identified as the worst-case erosion condition. Thruster performance and stability were invariant throughout the wear test for all thruster throttle conditions and shown to be statistically identical to the values previously measured with the Hall Effect Rocket with Magnet Shielding (HERMeS) Technology Demonstration Units (TDUs) from which the AEPS ETU design was derived. Average pole cover erosion rates at both the 600 V and 300 V operating conditions were shown to satisfy the margined AEPS lifetime requirement and largely be in family with the erosion rates measured on the HERMeS TDU thrusters. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the AEPS design has a high probability of compliance with the performance and lifetime requirements as the design progresses to its Critical Design Review.
Specific Recognition of Substrate Analogs by the DNA Mismatch Repair Enzyme MutY (1996)

The DNA repair enzyme MutY plays an important role in the prevention of DNA mutations caused by the oxidatively damaged lesion 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2‘-deoxyguanosine (OG) by removal of misincorporated adenine residues in OG:A mismatched base pairs using N-glycosylase activity. MutY also has glycosylase activity toward adenine in the mismatched base-pairs G:A and C:A. We have investigated the interaction of MutY with DNA duplexes containing the 2‘-deoxyadenosine (A) analogs 2‘-deoxytubercidin (7-deaza-2‘-deoxyadenosine, Z) and 2‘-deoxyformycin A (F). Both F and Z should effectively mimic the recognition properties of A but be resistant to the glycosylase activity of MutY, owing to their structural properties. Thus, these derivatives will provide a method for forming a stable MutY−substrate analog complex amenable to structural and biochemical investigation. We find that oligonucleotide duplexes containing OG/G:F and OG/G:Z base-pairs are not substrates for MutY as expected. Using a gel retardation method to measure relevant Kd values, we determined that MutY has an increased association with duplexes containing OG/G:F and OG/G:Z base-pairs over their OG/G:C counterparts. Interestingly, MutY has a higher affinity for the F-containing duplexes than the Z counterparts. Additionally, MutY binds to the OG:F and G:F duplexes with a similar, albeit lower, affinity as the substrate OG:A and G:A duplexes. In footprinting experiments using methidiumpropyl-EDTA−Fe(II), a region of the duplex surrounding the OG:F base-pair is observed which is protected by MutY from hydroxyl radical cleavage. These results provide additional evidence for specific recognition of the OG:F base-pair within the DNA duplex. Furthermore, these results also illustrate the utility of OG:F duplexes for providing information regarding the MutY-mismatched DNA complex which could not be obtained with the normal OG:A substrate since a footprint on both strands of the duplex could only be observed with the OG:F-containing duplex. These substrate analog duplexes will provide avenues for structural analysis of the MutY-mismatched DNA complex and for investigating the properties of the unusual [4Fe−4S] center in MutY.
Non-coherent Receivers for Orthogonal Space-Time CPM (2009)

Continuous phase modulation (CPM) is a non-linear modulation technique whose power and bandwidth efficiency make it an attractive choice for mobile communication systems. Current research has focused on devising encoding rules for using CPM over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems in order to obtain the improved bit error rate (BER) and high data rates promised by MIMO technology. In this paper, optimal and suboptimal non-coherent receivers for a class of CPM signals called orthogonal space-time CPM (OST-CPM) are derived under a quasi-static fading channel assumption. The performance of these receivers is characterized and shown to achieve the same diversity order as that of the corresponding optimal coherent receiver.