gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
European lactase persistence genotype shows evidence of association with increase in body mass index (2010)

The global prevalence of obesity has increased significantly in recent decades, mainly due to excess calorie intake and increasingly sedentary lifestyle. Here, we test the association between obesity measured by body mass index (BMI) and one of the best-known genetic variants showing strong selective pressure: the functional variant in the cis-regulatory element of the lactase gene. We tested this variant since it is presumed to provide nutritional advantage in specific physical and cultural environments. We genetically defined lactase persistence (LP) in 31 720 individuals from eight European population-based studies and one family study by genotyping or imputing the European LP variant (rs4988235). We performed a meta-analysis by pooling the beta-coefficient estimates of the relationship between rs4988235 and BMI from the nine studies and found that the carriers of the allele responsible for LP among Europeans showed higher BMI (P = 7.9 x 10(-5)). Since this locus has been shown to be prone to population stratification, we paid special attention to reveal any population substructure which might be responsible for the association signal. The best evidence of exclusion of stratification came from the Dutch family sample which is robust for stratification. In this study, we highlight issues in model selection in the genome-wide association studies and problems in imputation of these special genomic regions.
Colorectal cancer screening: are stool and blood based tests good enough? (2013)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third commonest cancer worldwide. As many CRC patients were identified at advanced stages, screening asymptomatic individuals has substantial clinical benefit. Most CRC arises through recognizable early stage. With the improved understanding of the biology of CRC and precancerous lesion, testing molecular aberrations in stool and blood promises novel screening approaches that are noninvasive, sensitive, and more affordable compared with traditional structural examinations.
Tunable fiber grating devices utilizing integrated thin film heaters (1999)

The performance of high speed WDM lightwave systems will be enhanced by tunable filters in a number of different applications including reconfigurable add/drop multiplexers, dynamic gain flatteners and adjustable dispersion compensators. This paper describes an emerging class of tunable filters based on thermally tuned fiber grating. The devices use uniform and tapered distributed thin film heaters deposited onto the outer surface of the fiber. Current flowing though the films generates resistive heating at rates that vary with the thickness of the film, where tapers in the thickness produce controllable temperature gradients along the fiber. The paper reviews some of the basic characteristics of these devices as well as describing devices that use multiple electrodes for independent tuning of chirp and central wavelength, as well as dynamic chirping of long-period grating devices. We also consider the performance of these devices in systems tests at 10 and 20Gbit/s.
IL-15 Regulates CD8+ T Cell Contraction during Primary Infection (2006)

During the course of acute infection with an intracellular pathogen, Ag-specific T cells proliferate in the expansion phase, and then most of the T cells die by apoptosis in the following contraction phase, but the few that survive become memory cells and persist for a long period of time. Although IL-15 is known to play an important role in long-term maintenance of memory CD8+ T cells, the potential roles of IL-15 in CD8+ T cell contraction are not known. Using an adoptive transfer system of OT-I cells expressing OVA257-264/Kb-specific TCR into control, IL-15 knockout (KO) and IL-15 transgenic (Tg) mice followed by challenge with recombinant Listeria monocytogenes expressing OVA, we found that the survival of CD44+CD62L-CD127- effector OT-I cells during the contraction phase is critically dependent on IL-15. In correlation with the expression level of Bcl-2 in OT-I cells, the number of OT-I cells was markedly reduced in IL-15 KO mice but remained at a high level in IL-15 Tg mice during the contraction phase, compared with control mice. In vivo administration of rIL-15 during the contraction phase in IL-15 KO mice inhibited the contraction of effector OT-I cells accompanied by up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, enforced expression of Bcl-2 protected the majority of effector OT-I cells from death in IL-15 KO mice after infection. These results suggest that IL-15 plays a critical role in protecting effector CD8+ T cells from apoptosis during the contraction phase following a microbial infection via inducing antiapoptotic molecules.
Isolation and characterization of the human tyrosine aminotransferase gene (1990)

Structure and sequence of the human gene for tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) was determined by analysis of cDNA and genomic clones. The gene extends over 10.9 kbl and consists of 12 exons giving rise to a 2,754 nucleotide long mRNA (excluding the poly(A)tail). The human TAT gene is predicted to code for a 454 amino acid protein of molecular weight 50,399 dalton. The overall sequence identity within the coding region of the human and the previously characterized rat TAT genes is 87% at the nucleotide and 92% at the protein level. A minor human TAT mRNA results from the use of an alternative polyadenylation signal in the 3' exon which is present but not used at the corresponding position in the rat TAT gene. The non-coding region of the 3' exon contains a complete Alu element which is absent in the rat TAT gene but present in apes and old world monkeys. Two functional glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) reside 2.5 kb upstream of the rat TAT gene. The DNA sequence of the corresponding region of the human TAT gene shows the distal GRE mutated and the proximal GRE replaced by Alu elements.
Enhanced bacoside production in shoot cultures of Bacopa monnieri under the influence of abiotic elicitors (2014)

The effect of different abiotic elicitors [jasmonic acid, copper sulphate (CuSO4) and salicyclic acid] at varying concentrations on the stimulation of biomass and bacoside production in in vitro Bacopa monnieri shoot culture was studied. A systematic study conducted over a period of 35 days indicated that the maximum bacoside production (6.74 mg g(-1) dry weight (DW)) was obtained after a lag of 7 days and thereafter, the content decreased gradually to again increase at 28 days (5.91 mg g(-1) DW). Therefore, elicitation experiments were carried out over a period of 3, 6 and 9 days. The shoot cultures treated with 45 mg L(-1) of CuSO4 exhibited the highest bacoside content of 8.73 mg g(-1) DW (∼1.42-fold higher) than in control cultures (6.14 mg g(-1) DW). This study indicates the effectiveness of abiotic elicitation on bacoside production in in vitro shoot cultures of this medicinally important herb known for its memory-enhancing properties.
Method and apparatus for generating coherent near 14 and near 16 micron radiation (2023)

A method and apparatus for producing coherent radiation in CO.sub.2 vibrational-rotational transitions at wavelengths near 14 and 16 microns. This is accomplished by passing a mixture of N.sub.2 and Ar through a glow discharge producing a high vibrational temperature in the N.sub.2, passing the excited N.sub.2 through a nozzle bank creating a supersonic flow thereof, injecting the CO.sub.2 in the supersonic flow creating a population inversion in the CO.sub.2, and directing the saturating pulse of radiation near 10.6 or 9.6 microns into the excited CO.sub.2 creating a population inversion producing coherent radiation at 14 or 16 microns, respectively.
An Optimized Protocol to Expedite Pit Closure (2014)

Abstract Elimination of oily pits is a significant demonstration of environmental stewardship. A methodology was developed to simplify, expedite and optimize remediation and closure of oily pits at E&amp;P facilities. Protocol development commenced with a lookback at over 400 historical pit closures to identify successful practices and improvement opportunities. The protocol was designed to eliminate process bottlenecks, incorporate recent advances in site characterization and remediation techniques, and embody the collective experience gained. The first step of the protocol is to compile an inventory of oily pits. A simple qualitative assessment addressing key drivers of potential risk is then used to prioritize the pits for characterization. Contrary to expectation, the lookback revealed that characterization generally constituted the longest-duration phase of pit closure. Recent advances in sampling and analysis technologies as well as value-of-information prompts were incorporated into the methodology to keep the characterization phase decision driven. Pit inactivation and content removal activities were included as part of the characterization step to enable full access for sampling. The lookback also indicated that two onsite treatment methods were used successfully to remediate hydrocarbon-impacted soil at about 90% of the locations. Simple predictive algorithms were derived to enable desktop evaluation of the feasibility of these two methods for a given pit, expediting remedial decision making. Land reclamation performed after remediation restores the area of the closed pit and renders it suitable for future use. Best practices in backfill profile design and revegetation were incorporated into the reclamation methodology. This paper will highlight the elements which significantly reduced the cycle time and advanced the state of practice.
Low-Temperature Epitaxial Growth of the Quaternary Wide Band Gap Semiconductor SiCAlN (2002)

Two compounds SiC and AlN, normally insoluble in each other below approximately 2000 degrees C, are synthesized as a single-phase solid-solution thin film by molecular beam epitaxy at 750 degrees C. The growth of epitaxial SiCAlN films with hexagonal structure takes place on 6H-SiC(0001) substrates. Two structural models for the hexagonal SiCAlN films are constructed based on first-principles total-energy density functional theory calculations, each showing agreement with the experimental microstructures observed in cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images. The predicted fundamental band gap is 3.2 eV for the stoichiometric SiCAlN film.
A study of miniaturization technique of SAW antenna duplexer for mobile application (2002)

This paper describes the miniaturization techniques for surface acoustic wave antenna duplexers. Previous duplexer design consisted of two filters, one transmitter, one receiver, and matching circuit enclosed in one package. For package miniaturization, it is necessary to change the design of the structure. This includes the matching circuit, since it is designed on the surface of the package. Replacing previous tungsten material, the new matching circuit is achieved by a copper stripline embedded within the package. Package material also changes from aluminum oxide ceramics to glass ceramics. As for filter chip, transmitter and receiver filter are combined into one chip. A single layer of aluminum magnesium was examined, in order to provide better power durability.
Brushless and Permanent Magnet Free Wound Field Synchronous Motors for EV Traction (2017)

This final report presents an advanced electric motor design for vehicles. The motor is a wound rotor synchronous machine whose rotor coils are brushlessly power via capacitive power transfer.
Small Boxes Big Data: A Deep Learning Approach to Optimize Variable Sized Bin Packing (2017)

Bin Packing problems have been widely studied because of their broad applications in different domains. Known as a set of NP-hard problems, they have different vari- ations and many heuristics have been proposed for obtaining approximate solutions. Specifically, for the 1D variable sized bin packing problem, the two key sets of optimization heuristics are the bin assignment and the bin allocation. Usually the performance of a single static optimization heuristic can not beat that of a dynamic one which is tailored for each bin packing instance. Building such an adaptive system requires modeling the relationship between bin features and packing perform profiles. The primary drawbacks of traditional AI machine learnings for this task are the natural limitations of feature engineering, such as the curse of dimensionality and feature selection quality. We introduce a deep learning approach to overcome the drawbacks by applying a large training data set, auto feature selection and fast, accurate labeling. We show in this paper how to build such a system by both theoretical formulation and engineering practices. Our prediction system achieves up to 89% training accuracy and 72% validation accuracy to select the best heuristic that can generate a better quality bin packing solution.
A fracture mechanics approach to weld‐line fracture in an amorphous cellulose acetate propionate (1997)

Abstract The fracture properties of molded articles containing weld‐lines are analyzed by a fracture mechanics approach, treating the weld‐line as a sharp crack. The theoretical length of the weld‐line crack is estimated from diffusion properties and a simple model of cooling in a mold. These estimated weld‐line crack lengths are found to be in excellent agreement with weld‐line crack lengths calculated from measured fracture properties. Above a critical melt temperature, this weld‐line crack length will fall below a critical crack length, whereby the weld‐line will no longer initiate brittle fracture. This critical crack length is a function of the material's inherent yield strength and fracture toughness. The embrittling effect of weld‐lines can also be easily removed by surface treatments such as surface milling or solvent polishing. Weld‐lines are, therefore, determined to be near‐surface flaws, which embrittle notch sensitive materials such as most amorphous polymers.
Learning Differentiable Safety-Critical Control using Control Barrier Functions for Generalization to Novel Environments (2022)

Control barrier functions (CBFs) have become a popular tool to enforce safety of a control system. CBFs are commonly utilized in a quadratic program formulation (CBF-QP) as safety-critical constraints. A class $\mathcal{K}$ function in CBFs usually needs to be tuned manually in order to balance the trade-off between performance and safety for each environment. However, this process is often heuristic and can become intractable for high relative-degree systems. Moreover, it prevents the CBF-QP from generalizing to different environments in the real world. By embedding the optimization procedure of the exponential control barrier function based quadratic program (ECBF-QP) as a differentiable layer within a deep learning architecture, we propose a differentiable safety-critical control framework that enables generalization to new environments for high relative-degree systems with forward invariance guarantees. Finally, we validate the proposed control design with 2D double and quadruple integrator systems in various environments.
Test Method for Measuring Grasping Pressure of Staplers (2010)

Purpose: There are several endoscopic staplers currently available for clinical use. During a surgical procedure, a stapler should retain tissue to permit manipulation, stapling and transection with minimal distal tissue extrusion while being atraumatic. The purpose of the current study was to develop a test method to evaluate the grasping pressure of several commercially available endoscopic staplers in a bench-top setting. Methods: To enable comparison between various staplers a method has been developed to measure the pressure generated by the grasping of the stapler onto standardized synthetic media. The dynamic force is recorded through a pressure measurement system consisting of flexible thin film sensors and software (I-Scan®, TekScan). The sensors are calibrated with known forces, enabling an algorithm for each sensor model and test condition, which calculates the output from the sensor into a corresponding pressure. To measure the pressure exerted by a stapler, the sensor is placed between pads of foam with the stapler centered on the sensor. The stapler is then grasped and held for 5 seconds minimum. In this study, to permit a direct comparison between staplers, several factors were standardized: length of the stapler (60 mm) and number of foam pads (2). Grasping pressures of five endoscopic staplers (Covidien: Universal and Tri-StapleTM and Ethicon: EchelonTM 60, EchelonTM Flex60 and ETS-Flex60) were measured. Five samples of each stapler type were tested and the output data were averaged and then normalized to the stapler with the lowest grasping pressure. This demonstrates a relative comparison of grasping pressures generated by each type of stapler evaluated. Results: Results from this study demonstrate that the amount of grasping pressure generated by each stapler type, from lowest to highest, were Covidien Universal, Covidien Tri-StapleTM, EchelonTM 60, EchelonTM Flex60 and ETS Flex60. For all types of staplers evaluated, Covidien's Universal Green reload exhibited the lowest grasping pressure. Tri-StapleTM, EchelonTM 60, EchelonTM Flex60 and ETS-Flex60 applied about 2.5, 4.5, 3.5 and 37 times more grasping pressure compared to Universal staplers, respectively. Conclusion: This test method provides a means to collect and record repeatable grasping pressure data. Preliminary results demonstrate the efficacy of this methodology as a standard for comparing stapling technologies. Ideal grasping pressure is unknown and specific to tissue type, thickness and disease state; staplers should apply appropriate grasping pressure to retain tissue during manipulation, clamping and firing, minimizing trauma and ensuring tissue viability. Disclosure: All authors are employees of Covidien.
A Thermal and Solvocontrollable Cylindrical Nanoshutter Based on a Single Screw‐Sense Helical Polyguanidine (2005)

Die helicitätsselektive Polymerisation eines achiralen Carbodiimids durch einen chiralen Titankatalysator ergibt regio- und stereoreguläres Poly[N-(1-anthryl)-N′-n-octadecylguanidin] (Poly-1). Untersuchungen zum elektronischen Circulardichroismus und zur optischen Drehung zeigen ein reversibles thermisches und solvensgesteuertes Schalten für Poly-1 (siehe Schema). Die Helicität von Poly-1 wird zugeordnet, und der Mechanismus des Schaltprozesses wird erklärt.
Suspended silicon waveguide devices for mid-infrared sensing (2020)

Presentation: Suspended silicon waveguide devices for mid-infrared sensing undefined for the Emerging Applications in Silicon Photonics conference of the SPIE Photonex and Vacuum Expo 2020
On the robustness of the metric dimension to adding a single edge (2020)

The metric dimension (MD) of a graph is a combinatorial notion capturing the minimum number of landmark nodes needed to distinguish every pair of nodes in the graph based on graph distance. The MD has been connected with the number of sensor nodes required in several applications, including diffusion source detection, navigation and pattern matching. In this paper, we study how much the MD can change if we add a single edge to the graph. We find that the MD cannot decrease by more than two, however, there are examples where the increase can be very large. We believe that such a large increase can occur only in specially constructed graphs. For two simple families of graphs - ring graphs and grid graphs - we show that the increase of the MD cannot be larger than two either. For grid graphs, when the extra edge is sampled uniformly randomly, we almost completely characterize the limiting distribution of the MD.
Integrated Optical Buffer Using InP 1⨉8 Switch and Silica-Based Delay Line Circuit (2012)

We demonstrate a compact optical buffer module, comprising an InP 1⨉8 phased-array switch and a silica-based delay line circuit. Tunable and uniform buffering of up to 21 ns is obtained with a 3-ns temporal resolution.
Stereochemistry of phosphorus-nitrogen bond cleavage. First crystal and structural assignment in cyclic phosphoramidofluoridates (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of phosphorus-nitrogen bond cleavage. First crystal and structural assignment in cyclic phosphoramidofluoridatesKonrad Misiura, James V. Silverton, and Wojciech J. StecCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 11, 1815–1818Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00211a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00211a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Table 1 from Comprehensive DNA Methylation Analysis Indicates That Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Lesions Are Acinar-Derived and Epigenetically Primed for Carcinogenesis (2023)

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MEMS Reliability: On-Chip Testing for the Characterization of the Out-of-Plane Polysilicon Strength (2023)

Polycrystalline silicon is a brittle material, and its strength results are stochastically linked to microscale (or even nanoscale) defects, possibly dependent on the grain size and morphology. In this paper, we focus on the out-of-plane tensile strength of columnar polysilicon. The investigation has been carried out through a combination of a newly proposed setup for on-chip testing and finite element analyses to properly interpret the collected data. The experiments have aimed to provide a static loading to a stopper, exploiting electrostatic actuation to move a massive shuttle against it, up to failure. The failure mechanism observed in the tested devices has been captured by the numerical simulations. The data have been then interpreted by the Weibull theory for three different stopper sizes, leading to an estimation of the reference out-of-plane strength of polysilicon on the order of 2.8-3.0 GPa, in line with other results available in the literature.
Graphene-Based Ultrathin Flat Lenses (2015)

Flat lenses when compared to curved surface lenses have the advantages of being aberration free, and they offer a compact design necessary for a myriad of electro-optical applications. In this paper we present flat and ultrathin lenses based on graphene, the world’s thinnest known material. Monolayers and multilayers of graphene were fabricated into Fresnel zones to produce Fresnel zone plates, which utilize the reflection and transmission properties of graphene for their operation. The working of the lenses and their performance in the visible and terahertz regimes were analyzed computationally. Experimental measurements were also performed to characterize the lens in the visible regime, and a good agreement was obtained with the simulations. This work demonstrates the principle of atom-thick graphene-based lenses, with perspectives for ultracompact integration.