gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relating n-Pentane Isomerization Activity to the Tungsten Surface Density of WOx/ZrO2 (2010)

Zirconia-supported tungsten oxide (WO(x)/ZrO(2)) is considered an important supported metal oxide model acid catalyst, for which structure-property relationships have been studied for numerous acid-catalyzed reactions. The catalytic activity for xylene isomerization, alcohol dehydration, and aromatic acylation follows a volcano-shape dependence on tungsten surface density. However, WO(x)/ZrO(2) has not been studied for more acid-demanding reactions, like n-pentane isomerization, with regard to surface density dependence. In this work, WO(x)/ZrO(2) was synthesized using commercially available amorphous ZrO(x)(OH)(4-2x) and model crystalline ZrO(2) as support precursors. They were analyzed for n-pentane isomerization activity and selectivity as a function of tungsten surface density, catalyst support type, and calcination temperature. Amorphous ZrO(x)(OH)(4-2x) led to WO(x)/ZrO(2) (WZrOH) that exhibited maximum isomerization activity at ∼5.2 W·nm(-2), and the crystalline ZrO(2) led to a material (WZrO(2)) nearly inactive at all surface densities. Increasing the calcination temperature from 773 to 973 K increased the formation of 0.8-1 nm Zr-WO(x) clusters detected through direct imaging on an aberration-corrected high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Calcination temperature further increased catalytic activity by at least two times. Brønsted acidity was not affected but Lewis acidity decreased in number, as quantified via pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy. WO(x)/ZrO(2) exhibited isomerization activity that peaked within the first 2 h time-on-stream, which may be due to Zr-WO(x) clusters undergoing an activation process.
Presence of viremia during febrile neutropenic episodes in patients undergoing chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms (2021)

The importance of viral infections as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality is well documented in severely immunosuppressed patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. By contrast, viral infections generally receive less attention in patients with malignant disorders undergoing chemotherapy, where the onset of neutropenic fever is mostly associated with bacterial or fungal infections, and screening for viral infections is not routinely performed. To address the occurrence of invasive viral infections in a clinical setting commonly associated with less pronounced immunosuppression, we have prospectively screened 237 febrile neutropenic episodes in pediatric (n = 77) and adult (n = 69) patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy, primarily for treatment of acute leukemia. Serial peripheral blood specimens were tested by RQ-PCR assays for the presence and quantity of the clinically relevant viruses CMV, EBV, HHV6 and HAdV, commonly reactivated in highly immunocompromised patients. Viremia was documented in 36 (15%) episodes investigated, including the detection of HHV6 (n = 14), EBV (n = 15), CMV (n = 6), or HAdV (n = 1). While low or intermediate levels of viremia (<10<sup>4</sup> virus copies/mL) were commonly associated with bacterial or fungal co-infection, viremia at higher levels (>10<sup>4</sup> copies/mL) was documented in patients without evidence for other infections, raising the possibility that at least in some instances the onset of fever may have been attributable to the virus detected. The observations suggest that viral infections, potentially resulting from reactivation, might also play a clinically relevant role in patients receiving chemotherapy for treatment of malignant neoplasms, and routine screening for viremia in this clinical setting might be warranted.
Mapping typical and hypokinetic dysarthric speech production network using a connected speech paradigm in functional MRI (2020)

We developed a task paradigm whereby subjects spoke aloud while minimizing head motion during functional MRI (fMRI) in order to better understand the neural circuitry involved in motor speech disorders due to dysfunction of the central nervous system. To validate our overt continuous speech paradigm, we mapped the speech production network (SPN) in typical speakers (n = 19, 10 females) and speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria as a manifestation of Parkinson disease (HKD; n = 21, 8 females) in fMRI. We then compared it with the SPN derived during overt speech production by <sup>15</sup>O-water PET in the same group of typical speakers and another HKD cohort (n = 10, 2 females). The fMRI overt connected speech paradigm did not result in excessive motion artifacts and successfully identified the same brain areas demonstrated in the PET studies in the two cohorts. The SPN derived in fMRI demonstrated significant spatial overlap with the corresponding PET derived maps (typical speakers: r = 0.52; speakers with HKD: r = 0.43) and identified the components of the neural circuit of speech production belonging to the feedforward and feedback subsystems. The fMRI study in speakers with HKD identified significantly decreased activity in critical feedforward (bilateral dorsal premotor and motor cortices) and feedback (auditory and somatosensory areas) subsystems replicating previous PET study findings in this cohort. These results demonstrate that the overt connected speech paradigm is feasible during fMRI and can accurately localize the neural substrates of typical and disordered speech production. Our fMRI paradigm should prove useful for study of motor speech and voice disorders, including stuttering, apraxia of speech, dysarthria, and spasmodic dysphonia.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (2008)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an acquired hypercoagulable disorder caused by drug-dependent antibodies that recognize complexes of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin. The clinical syndrome manifests as thrombocytopenia and/or thrombosis in temporal association with heparin therapy. Owing to the frequent occurrence of asymptomatic PF4/heparin antibodies in patients receiving heparin, current approaches to the diagnosis of HIT rely on clinical criteria with additional support provided by laboratory testing for heparin-dependent antibodies. This chapter will address the clinical and laboratory diagnostic features of HIT.
Targeting plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in tetracycline-induced pleural injury in rabbits (2017)

Elevated active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has an adverse effect on the outcomes of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy (IPFT) in tetracycline-induced pleural injury in rabbits. To enhance IPFT with prourokinase (scuPA), two mechanistically distinct approaches to targeting PAI-1 were tested: slowing its reaction with urokinase (uPA) and monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated PAI-1 inactivation. Removing positively charged residues at the "PAI-1 docking site" (<sup>179</sup>RHRGGS<sup>184</sup>→<sup>179</sup>AAAAAA<sup>184</sup>) of uPA results in a 60-fold decrease in the rate of inhibition by PAI-1. Mutant prourokinase (0.0625-0.5 mg/kg; n = 12) showed efficacy comparable to wild-type scuPA and did not change IPFT outcomes ( P > 0.05). Notably, the rate of PAI-1-independent intrapleural inactivation of mutant uPA was 2 times higher ( P < 0.05) than that of the wild-type enzyme. Trapping PAI-1 in a "molecular sandwich"-type complex with catalytically inactive two-chain urokinase with Ser<sup>195</sup>Ala substitution (S195A-tcuPA; 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) did not improve the efficacy of IPFT with scuPA (0.0625-0.5 mg/kg; n = 11). IPFT failed in the presence of MA-56A7C10 (0.5 mg/kg; n = 2), which forms a stable intrapleural molecular sandwich complex, allowing active PAI-1 to accumulate by blocking its transition to a latent form. In contrast, inactivation of PAI-1 by accelerating the active-to-latent transition mediated by mAb MA-33B8 (0.5 mg/kg; n = 2) improved the efficacy of IPFT with scuPA (0.25 mg/kg). Thus, under conditions of slow (4-8 h) fibrinolysis in tetracycline-induced pleural injury in rabbits, only the inactivation of PAI-1, but not a decrease in the rate of its reaction with uPA, enhances IPFT. Therefore the rate of fibrinolysis, which varies in different pathologic states, could affect the selection of PAI-1 inhibitors to enhance fibrinolytic therapy.
Novel observer based force control for active magnetic bearings (2010)

State of the art active magnetic bearings are controlled using a current reference, a current observer or the current as a state variable in a state-space controller. Using the current to express the state of a magnetic bearing has several disadvantages such as an unstable zero, hidden information such as stray flux, eddy currents, magnetization or hysteresis of the iron core material. Above all, it is in a nonlinear relation with both the generated force and the air gap. In this paper a novel method is presented to directly and linearly control the force of a magnet using a force controller that is based on a flux estimator. The method is verified with simulations as well as with measurements. It decouples the magnet and position controllers, eases the modeling of non-ideal parameters of magnetic bearings, reduces noise, has a larger range of displacement and behaves intrinsically linear.
Immunopharmacology of cancer vaccines: Restoration of NKG2D levels and functions in metastatic melanoma treated with exosomes (2006)

2554 Background: The C-type lectin-like stimulatory immune receptor Natural Killer group 2 receptor (NKG2D) is expressed by NK and CD8+ T cells. NKG2D engagement is a natural mediator of immunosurveillance which can be compromised by locally sustained ligand expression. In cancer patients with NKG2D ligand- expressing tumors, NK and CD8+ T cells often express low levels of NKG2D and are functionally compromised. Dentritic cell-derived-exosomes (Dex) are nanomeric vesicles harboring functional MHC/peptide complexes capable of promoting T cell immune responses and tumor rejection in mice. Two Dex Phase I trials highlighted the and the safety of exosome administration. The observation of clinical regressions in the absence of detectable T cell responses prompted the search for alternate effector mechanisms. We study NKG2D expression and NK cells function in peripheral lymphocytes before and after Dex therapy. Methods: Exosomes were purified from day 7 autologous monocyte derived-DC cultures. Fifteen patients were enrolled and received exosome vaccinations. NK cells functions prior or following exosome vaccines were tested in standard Na 2 51CrO4 chromium release assays. NKG2D and NKG2D ligand expression were studied using flow cytometry and/or western blot experiments. Results: In sharp contrast with DC, Dex bear functional NKG2D ligands leading to a selective downregulation of NKG2D activating receptors on autologous NK cells in vitro. Long term administration of Dex could enhance NKG2D expression levels on NK and CD8+ T cells in 50% of patients, restoring killing of NKG2D ligand expressing K562 and autologous tumour. In contrast to NKG2D ligands shed by tumors mediating immunosuppressive activity, exosomal NKG2D ligands promote NKG2D-dependent effector functions in vivo, that might account for the non MHC restricted-antitumor effects observed in the trial. Conclusions: NK cell activation represent a new pharmacodynamic for Dex leading to tumor recognition and regression in vivo. The Phase II trial using Dex shall include the monitoring of NKG2D ligands on Dex preparation and follow up NKG2D levels, functions and polymorphism in patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Novel modulation strategy for a CLC resonant dual active bridge (2015)

This paper proposes a novel modulation strategy for a phase controlled Capacitor-Inductor-Capacitor (CLC) Resonant Dual Active Bridge (RDAB). The proposed modulation strategy improves the soft turn-on, Zero-Current-Switching (ZCS) and Zero-Voltage-Switching (ZVS) range of the converter while only minimally increasing the required reactive currents in the ac link. A mathematical analysis of the proposed modulation scheme is presented along with a theoretical loss comparison between several modulation strategies. The proposed modulation strategy was implemented and the experimental results are presented.
Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-containing Block Copolymers via RAFT (2016)

Lamellar-forming PMAPOSS-b-PTFEMA block copolymers with unimodal GPC chromatograms were successfully synthesized by the polymerization of TFEMA in the presence of PMAPOSS as a macro-RAFT agent and AIBN as the initiator via RAFT. The SAXS, AFM and GISAXS data showed the lamellar domain was perpendicularly oriented to the Si-substrate after atmospheric thermal annealing. These experimental results also show that it is possible to precisely produce PMAPOSS-b-PTFEMA quantitatively, impervious to any side reactions. This technique is vital to meet the growing demands of the microelectronics industry for high throughput devices of ever-decreasing sizes.
Four-Waveguide Variable Optical Attenuator (2006)

A liquid-crystal electrooptic material above a silica waveguide forms a four-waveguide variable optical attenuator that provides 15 dB extinction, 4 ms response time, and less than 1 dB PDL within a length of 4 mm.
Electrokinetic Evaluation of Individual Exosomes by On-Chip Microcapillary Electrophoresis with Laser Dark-Field Microscopy (2013)

Cell-secreted nanovesicles called exosomes are expected as a promising candidate biomarker of various diseases. Toward the future application of exosomes as a disease biomarker for low-invasive diagnostics, challenges remain in the development of sensitive and precise analysis methods for exosomes. In this study, we performed the electrokinetic evaluation of individual exosomes by the combined use of on-chip microcapillary electrophoresis and laser dark-field microscopy. We extracted exosomes from six types of human cell cultured in a serum-free medium by differential ultracentrifugation and their zeta potential (electrophoretic mobility) were evaluated. We demonstrated that the proposed electrophoresis apparatus is particularly suitable for the tracking analysis of the electrophoretic migration of individual exosomes and enables the accurate evaluation of the zeta potential distribution of exosomes, for the first time. From the experimental results, we found that there is a strong correlation between the average zeta potentials of exosomes and their cells of origin.
Astrocytes Control Breathing Through pH-Dependent Release of ATP (2010)

Astrocytes provide structural and metabolic support for neuronal networks, but direct evidence demonstrating their active role in complex behaviors is limited. Central respiratory chemosensitivity is an essential mechanism that, via regulation of breathing, maintains constant levels of blood and brain pH and partial pressure of CO2. We found that astrocytes of the brainstem chemoreceptor areas are highly chemosensitive. They responded to physiological decreases in pH with vigorous elevations in intracellular Ca2+ and release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP propagated astrocytic Ca2+ excitation, activated chemoreceptor neurons, and induced adaptive increases in breathing. Mimicking pH-evoked Ca2+ responses by means of optogenetic stimulation of astrocytes expressing channelrhodopsin-2 activated chemoreceptor neurons via an ATP-dependent mechanism and triggered robust respiratory responses in vivo. This demonstrates a potentially crucial role for brain glial cells in mediating a fundamental physiological reflex.
Mapping Histological Slice Sequences to the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas Without 3D Reconstruction (2018)

Histological brain slices are widely used in neuroscience to study the anatomical organization of neural circuits. Systematic and accurate comparisons of anatomical data from multiple brains, especially from different studies, can benefit tremendously from registering histological slices onto a common reference atlas. Most existing methods rely on an initial reconstruction of the volume before registering it to a reference atlas. Because these slices are prone to distortions during the sectioning process and often sectioned with non-standard angles, reconstruction is challenging and often inaccurate. Here we describe a framework that maps each slice to its corresponding plane in the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas (2015) to build a plane-wise mapping and then perform 2D nonrigid registration to build a pixel-wise mapping. We use the L2 norm of the histogram of oriented gradients difference of two patches as the similarity metric for both steps and a Markov random field formulation that incorporates tissue coherency to compute the nonrigid registration. To fix significantly distorted regions that are misshaped or much smaller than the control grids, we train a context-aggregation network to segment and warp them to their corresponding regions with thin plate spline. We have shown that our method generates results comparable to an expert neuroscientist and is significantly better than reconstruction-first approaches. Code and sample dataset are available at sites.google.com/view/brain-mapping.
Security in terahertz WLANs with Leaky wave antennas (2020)

This paper presents the first security study of THz networks with Leaky Wave Antennas (LWAs). We employ a mix of analytical models and over-the-air experiments to explore the unique security properties of LWA links. We show via both models and experiments that the LWA's angle-frequency coupling leads to non-uniform secrecy capacity across sub-channels yielding advantages to an eavesdropper at edge frequencies. Yet, because different frequencies emit energy at different angles, the eavesdropper is thwarted from easily intercepting an entire wideband transmission. The experiments diverge from the analytical model in that the model underpredicts the eavesdropper's advantage at angles smaller than the target user and subsequent asymmetric performance across angles. Nonetheless, both the model and measurements show that increasingly wide bandwidth and correspondingly wide beams have only a modest marginal security penalty.
Characterizing the relationship between peak assistance torque and metabolic cost reduction during running with ankle exoskeletons (2022)

These results allow exoskeleton designers to predict the energy cost savings for candidate devices with different assistance torque capabilities, thus informing the design of portable ankle exoskeletons that maximize net metabolic benefit.
<title>Advanced transformational analysis applied to e-beam proximity effect correction</title> (1993)

In this paper we address the problem of dose correction in the data bases consistent with ultra- large-scale integration. It is shown that recent advances in transformation theory provide a natural platform on which to build these dose correctors. Specifically, transformation approaches making use of compactly supported, smooth basis functions are shown to be particularly suitable. This is a natural result of the evolution of mathematically based correctors currently in use. Previous work in Parikh, MacDonald and others employed global transform method to determine the values of 'corrected' dose. In most cases, the mathematical inversion is essentially ill posed, in other words, the exact pattern desired cannot be obtained using a finite Gaussian sum. In this paper a set of smooth basis elements of compact support are employed. The mathematically smooth form of the basis makes it easy to match doses at boundaries without Gibbs phenomenon. Thus the transform field can be partitioned for optimum speed. Consequently, while most transformation complexities are of order N<SUP>6</SUP> (the inversion of an N<SUP>2</SUP> X N<SUP>2</SUP> matrix) where N<SUP>2</SUP> is the number of grid points characterizing the database, we developed an algorithm of complexity N<SUP>2</SUP> log N. A method of dose field bias is employed to stem the requests for negative dose. The heart of the numerical process is essentially based on an adapted fast non-uniform-grid Fourier Transform combined with proper filtering and geometric localization methods. Several examples are given.
Brake reliability analysis for Fokker F-27 aeroplane (1997)

The wear/failure data of brake assemblies of a commercial type airplane (Fokker F-27) is statistically analyzed, and interpreted in a reliability framework. A three parameter Weibull model is used for reliability characterization of the brake assemblies. A spreadsheet format of analysis is proposed to analyze the data. This reliability model can be effectively integrated into an aviation facility computerized material requirement planning system to forecast the number of brake assemblies needed for a given planning horizon.
THE PREVALENCE OF CRANIOMANDIBULAR DISORDERS (CMD) IN MALE COMPETITIVE ROWERS (2005)

Objective: Based on observations that competitive rowers show a high facial activity during exercise, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of the signs and symptoms of Craniomandibular Disorders (CMD) in male rowers by evaluating functional and muscular parameters. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 16 male rowers were compared with 16 controls. All subjects filled out a general questionnaire and underwent dental functional analysis. Results: The rowing volunteers reported pain/complaints in the head/neck/facial area more often than the controls and showed more parafunctional activities. Oral inspection showed a significantly higher prevalence of tongue and buccal impressions, abrasion and enamel cracks. Muscular palpation pain was significant in the rower group for the M. masseter profundus et superficialis, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area, and the M. pterygoideus lateralis. Conclusion: The study indicates a high prevalence for the signs and symptoms of CMD in male competitive rowers, which may be attributed to the rowing activity and/or the associated training program.
Analysis of Neutron-Induced Multibit-Upset Clusters in a 14-nm Flip-Flop Array (2019)

We report a detailed analysis of neutron-induced multibit-upset (MBU) clusters measured from flip-flop arrays implemented in a 14-nm trigate CMOS. Depending on the strike location, charge collection efficiency, and circuit topology, the MBU clusters are characterized in terms of size and span, and a qualitative first-order analysis has been presented. A novel MBU analysis framework has been demonstrated that uses a weighted sliding window to characterize MBU clusters efficiently and accurately with minimal double-counting or mischaracterization of cluster size. To further explain the relative MBU cross sections, the unique MBU patterns extracted from measured data have been studied and analyzed to find layout dependencies. The results show the strong correlation between the internode proximity and MBUs. The analysis shows a higher soft error rate (SER) cross section for smaller MBU cluster size and smaller span while the bigger clusters have lower contribution toward overall MBU SER.
RhoB Promotes γH2AX Dephosphorylation and DNA Double-Strand Break Repair (2014)

Unlike other Rho GTPases, RhoB is rapidly induced by DNA damage, and its expression level decreases during cancer progression. Because inefficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can lead to cancer, we investigated whether camptothecin, an anticancer drug that produces DSBs, induces RhoB expression and examined its role in the camptothecin-induced DNA damage response. We show that in camptothecin-treated cells, DSBs induce RhoB expression by a mechanism that depends notably on Chk2 and its substrate HuR, which binds to RhoB mRNA and protects it against degradation. RhoB-deficient cells fail to dephosphorylate γH2AX following camptothecin removal and show reduced efficiency of DSB repair by homologous recombination. These cells also show decreased activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a phosphatase for γH2AX and other DNA damage and repair proteins. Thus, we propose that DSBs activate a Chk2-HuR-RhoB pathway that promotes PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of γH2AX and DSB repair. Finally, we show that RhoB-deficient cells accumulate endogenous γH2AX and chromosomal abnormalities, suggesting that RhoB loss increases DSB-mediated genomic instability and tumor progression.