gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Runtime Monitoring of Metric First-order Temporal Properties (2008)

We introduce a novel approach to the runtime monitoring of complex system properties. In particular, we present an online algorithm for a safety fragment of metric first-order temporal logic that is considerably more expressive than the logics supported by prior monitoring methods. Our approach, based on automatic structures, allows the unrestricted use of negation, universal and existential quantification over infinite domains, and the arbitrary nesting of both past and bounded future operators. Moreover, we show how to optimize our approach for the common case where structures consist of only finite relations, over possibly infinite domains. Under an additional restriction, we prove that the space consumed by our monitor is polynomially bounded by the cardinality of the data appearing in the processed prefix of the temporal structure being monitored.
Multiple brain metastases in a patient with ypT0N0 micropapillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (2021)

Radical cystectomy (RC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the gold standard for management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Patients without residual tumor at the time of extirpative surgery (ypT0) have excellent prognosis. Distant metastases in this population are rare. We present a unique case of a patient with ypT0N0 urothelial carcinoma (UC) with rapid development of metastasis to the brain.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS WITH A FERROELECTRIC AND FERROELASTIC MATERIAL MODEL (2008)

ABSTRACT Domain wall motion and phase transformations are driven by stress and electric field, are rate and temperature dependent, and can occur at relatively low stress and electric field levels due to field concentrators such as pores and electrode edges. Analysis of this behavior requires multiaxial material models with hysteresis in a finite element code. This work describes the current state of research in the area of constitutive modeling and finite element analysis of ferroelectric materials. It begins with a description of the large field experimental characterization of ferroelectric behavior including observed effects of field induced phase transformations. Constitutive modeling using a phenomenological approach (macroscale) is discussed followed by the micromechanical approach (microscale). These constitutive models connect the variables of stress, strain, electric field, electric displacement, temperature, and entropy. In addition to these relations, mechanics problems require satisfying electro-mechanical equilibrium and compatibility conditions. The final section presents results of finite element analysis using a ferroelectric material model.
Influenza Virus-Inhibitory Effects of a Series of Germanium- and Silicon-Centred Polyoxometalates (1997)

A series of germanium- or silicon-centred heteropolytungstates (polyoxometalates) with the Barrel, Keggin or double Keggin structure were evaluated in vitro for their effects against influenza A (IV-A) and B (IV-B) viruses. Their 50% effective concentrations (EC 50 ) against recent isolates of IV-A (H1N1) and IV-B ranged from 0.1 to 7.8 μM against IV-A (H3N2), the EC 50 concentrations were often 10-fold higher. Recent clinical isolates of IV-A were generally more susceptible to these antiviral effects than older, laboratory-adapted strains. These experiments used inhibition of viral CPE in MDCK cells as determined microscopically and by Neutral Red (NR) uptake. Virus yield reduction studies indicated the 90% effective concentrations (EC 90 ) ranged from 0.2 to 32 μM against these viruses. Cytotoxic or cell inhibitory concentrations (CC 50 ), determined by NR uptake and total cell count, ranged from 38 to 189 μM, indicating high selective indices for some of these compounds. Altering time of addition of an active compound relative to infecting cells with IV-A (HINl) showed greatest efficacy when given early in viral replication. Five of the most active polyoxometalates were evaluated against IV-B infections in mice using intraperitoneal treatment beginning 4 h prior to virus exposure. Two of the compounds, one with the Barrel structure and the other with a double Keggin structure, were particularly inhibitory, preventing deaths, reducing arterial oxygen decline and lowering lung consolidation. Lung virus titres were reduced by a maximum of 0.7 log 10 . Therapy initiated 8 h post-virus exposure was not effective against this in vivo infection.
Direct polarization carbon-13 and proton magic angle spinning NMR in the characterization of solvent-swollen gels (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect polarization carbon-13 and proton magic angle spinning NMR in the characterization of solvent-swollen gelsH. D. H. Stover and J. M. J. FrechetCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 4, 1574–1576Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00194a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00194a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views344Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simultaneous Quantification of Baricitinib and Methotrexate in Rat Plasma by LC-MS/MS: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study (2016)

Efficacy assessments using a combination of baricitinib and methotrexate necessitate the development of an analytical method for the determination of both drugs in plasma with precision. A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of baricitinib and methotrexate in rat plasma. Extraction of baricitinib, methotrexate, and tolbutamide (internal standard; IS) from 50 µL of rat plasma was carried out by protein precipitation with methanol. Chromatographic separation of the analytes was performed on the YMC pack ODS AM (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column under gradient conditions with methanol: 2.0 mM ammonium acetate buffer as the mobile phases at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The precursor ion and product ion transition for both analytes and IS were monitored on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, operated with selective reaction monitoring in positive ionization mode. The method was validated over a concentration range of 0.5-250.00 ng/mL for baricitinib and methotrexate. Mean extraction recoveries for baricitinib, methotrexate, and IS of 86.8%, 89.4%, and 91.8% were consistent across low, medium, and high QC levels, respectively. Precision and accuracy at low, medium, and high quality control levels were less than 15% across the analytes. Benchtop, wet, freeze-thaw, and long-term stability were evaluated for both of the analytes. The analytical method was applied to support the pharmacokinetic study of simultaneous estimation of baricitinib and methotrexate in Wistar rats. Assay reproducibility was demonstrated by reanalysis of 18 incurred samples.
Lower Your Crude Oil Dehydration OPEX using Enhanced Electrostatic Fields (2012)

Abstract Heavy crude oils and diluted Bitumen ( DilBit ) continue to be a challenge to dehydrate and desalt for the Oil &amp; Gas Industry. These challenges include reduced crude oil / formation water density difference, higher crude oil viscosity and often smaller water droplets due the production techniques used for heavy crude oil production. The traditional remedy to the above challenges often leads to high operating temperatures, large dosages of demulsifier chemicals, equipment fouling, production upsets and use of very large treaters. This leads to both higher operating expenditure ( OPEX ) as well as higher capital expenditure ( CAPEX ). Other challenges include higher crude oil conductivity and increased crude oil emulsion viscosity formed by higher water cuts. Typically crude oil dehydration vessels use heat, retention time and AC type electrostatic dehydration technology. The AC technology produces limited voltage gradients and is not efficient for treating conductive crude oils, leading to the use of very large vessels and power units. For AC technology, the use of lower voltage gradient may be preferred. The use of combined AC / DC electrostatic technologies provides high bulk water removal efficicency in the weaker AC field combined with higher removal efficiency of small water droplets in the stronger DC field. Further improvements include amplitude modulated electrostatic fields, high frequency AC fields, improved electrode configurations as well as improved fluid distribution inside the electrostatic treaters. More efficient dehydration and desalting processes provide potential for operating the treaters and desalters at lower operating temperatures and reduced dosage of demulsifier chemicals, in addition to the potential for using smaller treaters. This paper describes potential lowered OPEX for crude oil dehydration and desalting processes, using advanced electrostatic dehydration technologies, efficient test methods for optimized use of production chemicals and selection of electrostatic technologies, including case studies.
Saddle Field Gun (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Around Louver Assemblies (1990)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The main function of automobile heat exchangers is to transfer residual heat from the engine to the open air so as to keep running the engine at its best condition. In order to efficiently transport heat from the heat exchanger to the air, extended surfaces (e.q., fins) are usually provided over the outer surface of the water tube in the heat exchanger.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Moreover, many bent out plate louvers are manufactured on the fin safaces. In order to obtain higher rate of heat transmission in a more compact heat exchanger, many experimental and analytical studies have been carried out up to the present.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;However, there are many difficult problems to be resolved so far in finding the obtimum louver profile because of the complexity of air flow around small-scale louver assemblies.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the present paper, the characteristics of air flow as well as heat flow around louver assemblies are analysed by the numerical analysis code developed at the Central Engineering Laboratory of the Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.&lt;/div&gt;
GPU-Assisted Generation of System Matrices for High-Resolution Imaging Systems (2018)

Traditional methods of point spread function (PSF) modeling of pinhole SPECT systems, such as fitting the PSF with a 2D Gaussian, are generally sufficient in characterizing imaging systems in which the detector is the main source of PSF blur. However, when modeling the PSF of a high-resolution imaging system, these methods are too simplistic and fail to capture important PSF features, resulting in errors in later simulation studies. In this work, we present a method for parameterizing point spread functions that is then used to rapidly generate system matrices of gamma-ray imaging systems using high-resolution detectors with sub-millimeter spatial resolution. Our algorithm, which utilizes a GPU-based ray tracer to simulate a system's true PSF, accounts for the PSF blur due to not only the detector's depth of interaction, but also the penetration through the pinhole and the finite size of of the source. By considering all three blurring sources, we are able to better model the PSF, capturing features like the flat-top in the center and the tilt and drop-off towards the edges. Comparisons to the 2D Gaussian fitting model are examined and we report that as the ratio between the source size and pinhole radius increases, the two models converge to one another.
Interpolation distortion in Large-Scale Parameter maps for wireless system simulation (2013)

Spatial Channel Models (SCM) used in wireless system simulations are determined by Large-Scale Parameters (LSP). LSPs include delay spread, shadow fading, angle of arrival and departure spread, and Rice K for line-of-sight channels. LSPs are modeled as a spatially correlated random field over the geometry of the network scenario being simulated. The general method is to generate an LSP map on a discrete lattice (or grid) and induce spatial correlation via spatial filtering as determined by the LSP's correlation distance. This step represents a large part of the simulator's computation load, which leads to the use of a coarsely spaced lattice and interpolation from nearest lattice points to arbitrary UE locations on the x-y plane. We investigate the computation vs. fidelity trade associated with LSP generation. We will show that when a coarse grid is employed, there can be significant nonstationary distortion of the LSP correlation due to the interpolation step. We investigate three different interpolators having varying correlation fidelity and computation load.
An Ear Canal Transmission Model Applied to an Ear Simulator and Compared to Finite Element Modelling (2021)

Virtual reality audio primarily relies on binaural rendering, which in turn is based on providing specifically processed audio signals to the listener. However, most of the time, these precisely calculated signals are played over headphones under the assumption that the transmission through the ear canal would not significantly modify them. While this is true for low frequencies, it most certainly is not for higher ones, especially when using closed in-ear earphones. Although it is impractical to include the ear canal transmission in a binaural model or measured HRTFs, as it depends on the model and fit of the headphones among other things, modelling it at the time of rendering is possible. The model would have to be specific to the individual as well as the headphones/earphones used, and its parameters would have to be determined using data that can be realistically obtained just before or during a listening session, without invasive and/or complicated procedures. A method to build such a model is proposed, using measurements from sensors that could be built into an earphone. The method is tested on an ear simulator in laboratory conditions using a custom setup. Model results are validated by acoustic measurements and compared to finite element method simulations in COMSOL.
High-contrast self-imaging with ordered optical elements (2016)

Creating arbitrary light patterns has applications in various domains, including lithography, beam shaping, metrology, sensing, and imaging. We study the formation of high-contrast light patterns obtained by transmission through an ordered optical element based on self-imaging. By applying the phase-space method, we explain phenomena such as the Talbot and the angular Talbot effects. We show that the image contrast is maximum when the source is either a plane wave or a point source, and it has a minimum for a source with finite spatial extent. We compare these regimes and address some of their fundamental differences. Specifically, we prove that increasing the source divergence reduces the contrast for the plane wave illumination but increases it for the point source. Also, we show that to achieve high contrast with a point source, tuning the source size and its distance to the element is crucial. We furthermore indicate and explore the possibility of realizing highly complex light patterns using a periodic transmission element. These patterns can have more spots in the far field than the number of diffraction orders of the periodic element. We predict that the ultimate image contrast is smaller for a point source compared to a plane wave. Our simulations confirm that the smallest achievable spot size in the image is imposed by diffraction regardless of the imaging regime. Our research can be applied to similar domains, e.g., quantum systems.
Design of multiple antenna coding schemes with channel feedback (2001)

We derive multiple antenna transmission strategies in the presence of limited channel information at the transmitter and the receiver. In, particular, we look at the cases of complete channel information, channel phase information and channel amplitude information at the transmitter. We highlight that transmission along the eigenvector of the channel corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue minimizes error probability, when complete channel information is available at the transmitter. In the case where only the channel phase information is available at the transmitter, we derive the beamformer which minimizes the error probability. We also show that, in the presence of channel amplitude information at the transmitter without any phase information, selection diversity at the transmitter is the best beamforming strategy. We evaluate the penalty in SNR incurred by the transmission schemes in the case of limited channel information compared to the case of complete channel information at the transmitter.
A Low-Voltage Chopper-Stabilized Amplifier for Fetal ECG Monitoring With a 1.41 Power Efficiency Factor (2015)

This paper presents a low-voltage current-reuse chopper-stabilized frontend amplifier for fetal ECG monitoring. The proposed amplifier allows for individual tuning of the noise in each measurement channel, minimizing the total power consumption while satisfying all application requirements. The low-voltage current reuse topology exploits power optimization in both the current and the voltage domain, exploiting multiple supply voltages (0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 V). The power management circuitry providing the different supplies is optimized for high efficiency (peak charge-pump efficiency = 90%).The low-voltage amplifier together with its power management circuitry is implemented in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process and characterized experimentally. The amplifier core achieves both good noise efficiency factor (NEF=1.74) and power efficiency factor (PEF=1.05). Experiments show that the amplifier core can provide a noise level of 0.34 μVrms in a 0.7 to 182 Hz band, consuming 1.17 μW power. The amplifier together with its power management circuitry consumes 1.56 μW, achieving a PEF of 1.41. The amplifier is also validated with adult ECG and pre-recorded fetal ECG measurements.
Figure S2 from Structures of Cancer Antigen Mesothelin and Its Complexes with Therapeutic Antibodies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Comparison of experimental MSLN structure with those of computational models.&lt;/p&gt;
Scattering of electromagnetic waves by two crossing metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes of finite length (2021)

The scattering theory for two crossing metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes of finite length exposed to an electromagnetic field has been developed based on a synthesis of the quantum transport formalism and classical electrodynamics. The model of the point contact has been developed to be incorporated into the Hall\'en and Pocklington equations for crossing carbon nanotubes. The influence of the contact conductance and position as well as the angle between the tube axes on the tube polarizability has been analyzed in the range of 1 GHz to 10 THz. The physical mechanisms responsible for the electromagnetic interaction between crossing tubes with zero and nonzero intertube contact conductance are shown and discussed. The influence of the coupling between the tubes on the localized plasmon resonance in them has been demonstrated.
Rotigotine polyoxazoline conjugate SER‐214 provides robust and sustained antiparkinsonian benefit (2013)

Currently available dopaminergic drugs such as levodopa and dopamine (DA) receptor agonists impart considerable improvement in Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms but often lead to significant motor complications including "wearing-off" and dyskinesia. Such complications are believed to stem from the pulsatile nature of dopaminergic stimulation with these agents. Continuous dopaminergic drug delivery using polyoxazoline (POZ) polymer conjugation may improve motor symptoms, while avoiding development of side effects. The purposes of the current study are to characterize the in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetics of POZ conjugation of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved DA agonist, rotigotine, and to evaluate their effects in an established rat model of PD. After determination of release profiles of several POZ-conjugated constructs ("fast": SER-212; "moderate": SER-213; and "slow": SER-214) using in vitro hydrolysis, normal male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for determination of the pharmacokinetic profile of both acute and chronic exposure. Finally, a separate group of rats was rendered hemiparkinsonian using intracranial 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) infusions, treated acutely with POZ-rotigotine, and assessed for rotational behavior and antiparkinsonian benefit using the cylinder test. POZ-rotigotine formulations SER-213 and SER-214 led to substantial pharmacokinetic improvement compared to unconjugated rotigotine. In addition, SER-214 led to antiparkinsonian effects in DA-lesioned rats that persisted up to 5 days posttreatment. Repeated weekly dose administration of SER-214 to normal rats for up to 12 weeks demonstrated highly reproducible pharmacokinetic profiles. The continuous dopaminergic stimulation profile afforded by SER-214 could represent a significant advance in the treatment of PD, with potential to be a viable, once-per-week therapy for PD patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of Two Unsubstituted Hydrazido(1‐) Complexes, W(η5‐C5Me5)Me4(η2‐NHNH2) and (W(η5‐C5Me5)Me3(η2‐NHNH2))+(SO3CF3)‐. (1989)

Abstract The reaction of the tetramethyl‐W complex (I) with 4 equiv. hydrazine (II) yields the thermally unstable η2‐hydrazido derivative (III).
Antibody-Mediated Immunity against Intracellular Pathogens: Two-Dimensional Thinking Comes Full Circle (2003)

The view that antibody-mediated immunity against many prokaryotic and eukaryotic intracellular pathogens is not important was popular until recently ([6][1]). The concept of a division of labor whereby antibody-mediated immunity protected against extracellular pathogens and cell-mediated immunity