gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of contact recombination at rear local back surface field via boron laser doping and screen-printed aluminum metallization on p-type PERC solar cells (2017)

The passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) has entered the solar cell market, and it is expected that the amount of PERC production will increase yearly in the future. Improvements in the cell efficiency have a great influence on reducing the cost of power generation. In this study, we focused on the loss of the back surface field (BSF) at the rear side of a PERC, fabricated PERCs having a local BSF including boron diffused by boron laser doping (B-LD), and evaluated this effect. The results from an analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the thickness of the BSF fabricated with B-LD was thicker than that of the BSF fabricated without B-LD. The average value of the saturation current density of the metallized area (including BSF) J0, contact was 554 fA/cm2 in the PERCs fabricated with B-LD and a dedicated Al paste, and the lowest value achieved was approximately 300 fA/cm2. The number of Kirkendall voids for the PERCs fabricated with B-LD decreased in comparison with the PERCs fabricated without B-LD. The PERCs fabricated with B-LD exhibited reduced rear-side recombination.
Evaluation of Clay Stabilizers for a Sandstone Field in Central Saudi Arabia (1998)

Abstract An oil field in central Saudi Arabia produces super-light crude from a sandstone reservoir. The formation contains up to 2 wt. percent authigenic clays dominated by kaolinite and illite/montmorillonite mixed layer clays. To improve well productivity, a well stimulation treatment has been conducted on the producing wells in this field. The treatment introduces several fluids which might invade the formation and induce formation damage. An experimental study was conducted to determine potential formation damage due to fines migration and clay swelling and design an effective clay stabilizer treatment. The work included performing coreflood experiments using reservoir cores at reservoir conditions (180 F and overburden pressure of 1500 psi). The critical salt concentration (defined as the salt concentration below which there is loss of permeability) was first determined. Several commercial clay stabilizers, cationic polymers, were evaluated. The effects of stabilizer concentration (0 to 2 vol. percent.), soaking time, and acids (15 wt. percent HCl) on core permeability were investigated in detail. The experimental results indicated that the critical salt concentration (KCl brine) was nearly 5 wt. percent. Severe loss of permeability was observed when brines of lower salt concentrations were injected into reservoir cores. The effectiveness of clay stabilizer was found to be a function of chemical type and concentration. Some of the chemicals tested were not effective at concentrations less than 1.5 vol. percent. Others were effective clay stabilizers, but caused loss of injectivity at higher concentrations (2 vol. percent). After conducting a thorough investigation, it was found that these chemicals did not readily dissolve in water and formed fish- eyes. When these chemicals were injected into reservoir cores, they formed an external filter cake which caused loss of permeability. This problem was solved by good mixing of the stabilizer and proper filtration. Hydrochloric acid did improve the performance of at least of the clay stabilizers examined. Based on lab testing, a cost effective clay stabilizer was tested in the field at a concentration of 2 vol. percent. Field results indicated that the chemical did not cause loss of injectivity, and minimized formation damage due to fines migration and clay swelling. P. 613
Abstract 20804: Models of Ischemia/Reperfusion Need to Consider Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Injury (2017)

Introduction: Substantial damage and scarring to the heart can result following a myocardial infarction (MI) even when the tissue is successfully reperfused. The physiological and biochemical cause...
A new topology for fuel cell power trains including a new integrated converter (2015)

A new power train topology for fuel cell based vehicles with electrical machines is introduced, including a new combined converter. A new direct energy conversion scheme is applied, reducing the contributing components to the standard power train setup while increasing efficiency due to direct energy conversion. Using this power train configuration, a standard inverter is used in parallel for energy conversion in terms of propulsion demands and charging aspects. For the first time power arising from a fuel cell stack and accumulator are converted at the same time with one standard power train inverter offering high efficiency and increased reliability.
The Effects of Doping Density and Temperature on the Optoelectronic Properties of Formamidinium Tin Triiodide Thin Films (2018)

Optoelectronic properties are unraveled for formamidinium tin triiodide (FASnI<sub>3</sub> ) thin films, whose background hole doping density is varied through SnF<sub>2</sub> addition during film fabrication. Monomolecular charge-carrier recombination exhibits both a dopant-mediated part that grows linearly with hole doping density and remnant contributions that remain under tin-enriched processing conditions. At hole densities near 10<sup>20</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> , a strong Burstein-Moss effect increases absorption onset energies by ≈300 meV beyond the bandgap energy of undoped FASnI<sub>3</sub> (shown to be 1.2 eV at 5 K and 1.35 eV at room temperature). At very high doping densities (10<sup>20</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> ), temperature-dependent measurements indicate that the effective charge-carrier mobility is suppressed through scattering with ionized dopants. Once the background hole concentration is nearer 10<sup>19</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> and below, the charge-carrier mobility increases with decreasing temperature according to ≈T<sup>-1.2</sup> , suggesting that it is limited mostly by intrinsic interactions with lattice vibrations. For the lowest doping concentration of 7.2 × 10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> , charge-carrier mobilities reach a value of 67 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> at room temperature and 470 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> at 50 K. Intraexcitonic transitions observed in the THz-frequency photoconductivity spectra at 5 K reveal an exciton binding energy of only 3.1 meV for FASnI<sub>3</sub> , in agreement with the low bandgap energy exhibited by this perovskite.
Accurate Measurement Of Second Order Variations Of A Smooth Object Surface Using Reflectance Maps (1989)

Measurement of the Gaussian and principal curvatures at points on smooth object surfaces is important to robotic vision applications for determining surface regions which are convex, concave or planar. Accurate measurement of the directions of principal curvature can determine the orientation of objects such as cylinders and cones. Unfortunately the accurate measurement of Gaussian and principal curvature and directions of principal curvature is very difficult in the presence of noise, using conventional methods which determine depth and local surface orientation at points. Determination of the Gaussian and principal curvatures of a smooth surface, parametrized by image coordinates and height above the image plane, requires the measurement of the second order variations of height with respect to image coordinates. Noise inherent to depth measurements obtained from a laser range finder will be extremely compounded when computing second order derivatives. Surface normals (i.e. first order variations) obtained from photometric stereo techniques are not determined accurately enough for a low error measurement of their rate of change. This paper expounds upon an idea first presented in [Woodham 1978] of using a reflectance map to determine the viewer-centered curvature matrix. Accurate measurement of this matrix, which consists of the second order variations of object height with respect to image coordinates, enables accurate measurement of Gaussian curvature and the principal directions of curvature. The method presented by Woodham to obtain the viewer-centered curvature matrix yields an underconstrained solution and requires auxiliary assumptions about the curvature of the object surface for a unique determination. Presented here is a technique using multiple light sources which not only uniquely determines the viewer-centered curvature matrix in the absence of auxiliary constraints, but overconstrains the solution for accurate measurement in the presence of noise. Other insights are given into obtaining more accuracy using directional derivatives of an image function, and positioning the light sources so as to generate a more static reflectance gradient vector field.
Labelling with positron emitters of pnicogens and chalcogens (2017)

The increasing importance of the positron emission tomography (PET) in clinical diagnosis led to the development of a multitude of radiotracers labelled with positron‐emitting radionuclides of groups 15 (pnicogens) and 16 (chalcogens) of the periodic table of elements. The positron emitters of the endogenous occurring elements nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, and sulphur are characterized by very short half‐lives compared with the most commonly used PET radionuclides carbon‐11 or fluorine‐18. Therefore, the potential of their synthesis and possible applications in PET is challenging and limited. On the other hand, the nonstandard positron emitters arsenic‐72, arsenic‐74, and selenium‐73 have half‐lives in the range of hours to days and, thus, are of interest for PET studies of processes with long biological half‐lives, but novel methods have to be developed for their application, especially in the no‐carrier‐added state. This review summarizes recent research concerning the positron emitters of pnicogens and chalcogens for radiolabelling applications.
Would CoCr Rods Provide Better Correctional Forces Than Stainless Steel or Titanium for Rigid Scoliosis Curves? (2012)

CoCr and UHSS rods have the ability to produce the highest correction forces, however, both can plastically deform in a very rigid curves. Therefore, it is critical to have sense of the quality of the bone fixation as well as the curve flexibility when selecting for appropriate rod size material and contouring the rod to the desired shape.
Will the COVID-19 epidemic reshape cardiology? (2020)

The emergence of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) began a series of unparalleled changes in health care systems worldwide. In the United States, the rapid evolution of the epidemic poses unprecedented challenges to hospitals, medical staff, training programs, policy makers, and professional societies1. For cardiology, COVID-19 brings substantial changes to the way we conceptualize and practice medicine. As others have observed, the abrupt change of our routines and priorities offers us the opportunity for reinvention; in this space, we can critically examine several facets of our profession. In this perspective, we discuss key questions resonating in the cardiology community in the midst of the epidemic. The discussion is structured around three domains: clinical practice, education and training, and professional values. We describe the immediate ramifications and potential long-term impact of COVID-19 on each domain.
Sparse Sensing and DMD-Based Identification of Flow Regimes and Bifurcations in Complex Flows (2017)

We present a sparse sensing framework based on dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) to identify flow regimes and bifurcations in large-scale thermofluid systems. Motivated by real-time sensing and control of thermal-fluid flows in buildings and equipment, we apply this method to a direct numerical simulation (DNS) data set of a two-dimensional laterally heated cavity. The resulting flow solutions can be divided into several regimes, ranging from steady to chaotic flow. The DMD modes and eigenvalues capture the main temporal and spatial scales in the dynamics belonging to different regimes. Our proposed classification method is data driven, robust w.r.t. measurement noise, and exploits the dynamics extracted from the DMD method. Namely, we construct an augmented DMD basis, with “built-in” dynamics, given by the DMD eigenvalues. This allows us to employ a short time series of data from sensors, to more robustly classify flow regimes, particularly in the presence of measurement noise. We also exploit the incoherence exhibited among the data generated by different regimes, which persists even if the number of measurements is small compared to the dimension of the DNS data. The data-driven regime identification algorithm can enable robust low-order modeling of flows for state estimation and control.
Integration of intra chip stack fluidic cooling using thin-layer solder bonding (2013)

Three-dimensional (3D) stacking of integrated-circuit (IC) dies by vertical integration increases system density and package functionality. The vertical integration of IC dies by area-array Through-Silicon-Vias (TSVs) reduces the length of global interconnects and accordingly the signal delay time. On the other hand, the ongoing miniaturization trend of ICs results in constantly increasing chip-level power densities. Thus, the development of new chip cooling concepts is of utmost importance. Therefore, scalable cooling solutions for chip stacks, such as interlayer cooling, need to be investigated. This paper presents a new concept for the integration of intra chip stack fluidic cooling, namely die-embedded microchannels for single- and two-phase thermal management, using a patterned thin-layer eutectic solder bonding technique for the stack assembly. Results showed the successful fabrication of 5-layer chip stacks with embedded microchannels and high aspect ratio TSVs. Optical inspections demonstrated the proper bond line formation and direct current (DC) daisy-chain electrical tests indicated the successful combination of TSVs with thin-layer solder interconnects. Mechanical shear tests on die-on-die bonded samples showed the strength of the patterned thin-layer solder bond (16MPa). An added solder ring-pad component to seal the electrically active pad from any conductive liquid coolant was also investigated and reflow tests on such geometries showed the appearance of a balling effect along the solder ring line. This balling was found to be mitigated when the ring aspect ratio (deposited solder height to ring width ratio) was kept below the experimentally observed critical value of 0.65.
Structural and Rate Studies of the 1,2-Additions of Lithium Phenylacetylide to Lithiated Quinazolinones:  Influence of Mixed Aggregates on the Reaction Mechanism (2004)

The 1,2-addition of lithium phenylacetylide (PhCCLi) to quinazolinones was investigated using a combination of structural and rate studies. (6)Li, (13)C, and (19)F NMR spectroscopies show that deprotonation of quinazolinones and phenylacetylene in THF/pentane solutions with lithium hexamethyldisilazide affords a mixture of lithium quinazolinide/PhCCLi mixed dimer and mixed tetramer along with PhCCLi dimer. Although the mixed tetramer dominates at high mixed aggregate concentrations and low temperatures used for the structural studies, the mixed dimer is the dominant form at the low total mixed aggregate concentrations, high THF concentrations, and ambient temperatures used to investigate the 1,2-addition. Monitoring the reaction rates using (19)F NMR spectroscopy revealed a first-order dependence on mixed dimer, a zeroth-order dependence on THF, and a half-order dependence on the PhCCLi concentration. The rate law is consistent with the addition of a disolvated PhCCLi monomer to the mixed dimer. Investigation of the 1,2-addition of PhCCLi to an O-protected quinazolinone implicates reaction via trisolvated PhCCLi monomers.
Design Concept with Tip Leakage Vortex Control for Centrifugal Compressor Flow Stabilization (2021)

Abstract Centrifugal compressor applied to turbochargers is required to operate stably in wide range from choking to surging. In our past research, authors suggested a design policy called STB (flow S tabilization by inducing T ip leakage vortex B reakdown) concept, which indicates “Operating range can be enhanced with uniform blockage region generated by tip leakage vortex breakdown”. In this study, authors tried to validate the STB concept by redesigning a given impeller into a wide range compressor. In this research, detailed analyses showed that non-uniform and unstable stall occurred at small flow rate in the conventional impeller. On the other hand, in the redesigned new impeller having high inducer loading, unsteady numerical calculation showed that the strengthened blade tip leakage flow generated a circumferential uniform blockage region, which could stabilize its internal flow. As a result of performance test of the new impeller, considering that the surging flow rate at the same shaft speed was reduced by 3% and the pressure ratio at the surging point had been improved from 2.8 to 2.9, the surging flow rate at the pressure ratio of 2.8 could be reduced by 8%. In this way, it was found that the tip leakage flow was dominant with the stall phenomenon of the centrifugal compressor, and it was also confirmed that the STB concept was one of the effective means for the operation range enhancement.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Boehmite on Additively Manufactured, Interpenetrating Periodic Open Cellular Structures for Catalytic Applications (2017)

Our contribution demonstrates that the combination of additive manufacturing and electrophoretic deposition offers great potential for the future manufacturing of tailor-made catalytic structures for continuous flow applications. A new protocol for the controlled and homogeneous coating of both electrodes of interpenetrating porous open cell structures (interPOCS) with layers of boehmite is presented. Moreover, it has been found that by applying different coating voltages in an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process, the properties of the obtained coating can be fine-tuned with respect to layer thickness, density, and porosity. This offers very interesting options for optimizing the catalysis-relevant properties from two sides by the use of the special interPOCS support design and by adjusting the coating through the parameters of the EPD coating process.
Modulation of platelet P-selectin storage, surface expression and secretion by nitric oxide (1997)

Modulation of platelet P-selectin storage, surface expression and secretion by nitric oxide
Benzdiynes and Related Dehydroaromatics (2010)

Benzdiynes, which are more unsaturated than benzyne, were proposed as reactive intermediates in the pyrolyses of aromatic dianhydrides in 1966. The generation and direct observation of these highly unsaturated species has been an experimental challenge. More than 30 years later, the first direct observation of a benzdiyne, 1,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetradehydrobenzene, was reported. We outline the progress in the generation and observation of benzdiynes as well as theoretical studies on the background of benzyne chemistry. Spectroscopic observation of the benzdiynes, in particular detection of an IR band due to the asymmetric stretching of the two triple bonds, in conjunction with quantum chemical computations reveals their multireference character. In connection with the studies for generating benzdiynes, the studies for generating bisarynes with extended π-systems and the most highly unsaturated cyclic C6 are briefly reviewed.
Rounding coefficients and artificially underflowing terms in non-numeric expressions (2011)

This article takes an analytical viewpoint to address the following questions: 1. How can we justifiably beautify an input or result sum of non-numeric terms that has some approximate coefficients by deleting some terms and/or rounding some coefficients to simpler floating-point or rational numbers? 2. When we add two expressions, how can we justifiably delete more non-zero result terms and/or round some result coefficients to even simpler floating-point, rational or irrational numbers? The methods considered in this paper provide a justifiable scale-invariant way to attack these problems for subexpressions that are multivariate sums of monomials with real exponents.
Infratentorial Lesions Predict Long-term Disability in Patients With Initial Findings Suggestive of Multiple Sclerosis (2004)

Infratentorial lesions are related to long-term prognosis for patients with initial findings suggestive of multiple sclerosis and thus may help to identify patients at high risk for earlier occurrence of clinically relevant disability.
Subwavelength Silicon Microdisks with High Quality Factors (2009)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. Shainline, G. Fernandes, Z. Liu, and J. Xu, "Subwavelength Silicon Microdisks with High Quality Factors," in Frontiers in Optics 2009/Laser Science XXV/Fall 2009 OSA Optics & Photonics Technical Digest, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2009), paper FWZ4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Editorial: Nanoparticle-Mediated Signaling Rewiring and Reprogramming of Immune Responses (2022)

Recent advances on the molecular mechanisms that control immune cells are at the core of the development of better immunomodulatory therapies. For example, these mechanisms may enable T cell manipulation interventions to treat and prevent autoimmune disease by rewiring T cells towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Indeed, it has been recently reported that metabolic sensing in immune cells is coupled to signal transduction pathways that control cell fate. These phenomena have been linked to the onset and/or progression of several diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes or Alzheimer’s disease, and also exploited therapeutically to develop cancer immunotherapies (1–4). Unifying our understanding of the molecular pathways that control the immune response might identify novel efficacious interventions to reprogram immune cells for therapeutic purposes in diseases associated with immune dysregulation. However, two important challenges limit the clinical translation of our current knowledge on the regulation of the immune response by small molecules which could provide the basis for novel immunotherapeutic drugs. First, the absence of mechanisms to control the specificity of these reprogramming approaches, resulting in off-target effects. Second, limitations associated to the short half-life and/or low bioavailability of immune-modulatory small molecules.
Distributed against centralised crossbar function for realising bank-based multiport memories (2004)

The two extreme functionally equivalent possibilities of distributed or centralised crossbar function for realising a bank-based multiport memory are compared on the basis of required global signal and transistor numbers. With respect to both measures, the distributed crossbar function is found to be the better choice for practically relevant multiport-memory configurations.