gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer???s Disease & Dementia 2019: Novel pathophysiological roles of ?-synuclein (SNCA) in age-related vascular endothelial dysfunction: Possible mechanistic link to the symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies (2021)

Although SNCA is one of the well-known pathological molecules of Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) in neurons, its physiological roles remain to be identified. We found SNCA was expressed in and secreted from endothelial cells by functional screening for anti-inflammatory molecules and detectable in circulating blood. Intriguingly, the human population study revealed serum SNCA levels decreased with aging and displayed inverse correlation with blood pressure and insulin sensitivity, which indicated protective properties of circulating SNCA on vascular endothelial function. Furthermore, we also found SNCA knockout mice displayed phenotypes of metabolic syndrome such as hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism and dyslipidemia. Based on these preliminary data, we sought to elucidate the physiological functions of endogenous and exogenous SNCA for vascular Endothelial Cells (ECs). Exogenous treatment with recombinant SNCA (rSNCA) promoted eNOS activation and nitric oxide production via Gab1/PI3K/Akt pathway in ECs, followed by cGMP production in cocultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Treatment with rSNCA also suppressed TNF-? induced NF-?B activation in ECs. As to endogenous SNCA, replicative senescence showed attenuation of SNCA expression in ECs and siRNA-mediated silencing of SNCA induced eNOS inactivation and cell senescence assessed by ??-gal activity along with decreased Sirt1 expression and increased p53 expression. SNCA overexpression displayed NF-?B inactivation in ECs. In ex vivo study, aortas from SNCA knockout mice showed impairment of acetylcholine-induced relaxation possibly due to eNOS dysfunction. In in vivo study utilizing atherosclerosis model of SNCA/ApoE double-knockout mice showed exaggerated expression of inflammatory genes which play important roles in atherogenesis. In conclusion, these results indicate exogenous and endogenous SNCA in ECs might physiologically maintain cerebral vascular integrity. Aging or aggregation-related loss-of-function of SNCA in ECs might be partially correlated with clinical features of DLB, especially fluctuating cognitive function and marked sensitivity of antipsychotic which could be modified by cerebral blood flow and vascular permeability.
Variational Space-Time Motion Segmentation (2003)

We propose a variational method for segmenting image sequences into spatio-temporal domains of homogeneous motion. To this end, we formulate the problem of motion estimation in the framework of Bayesian inference, using a prior which favors domain boundaries of minimal surface area. We derive a cost functional which depends on a surface in space-time separating a set of motion regions, as well as a set of vectors modeling the motion in each region. We propose a multiphase level set formulation of this functional, in which the surface and the motion regions are represented implicitly by a vector-valued level set function. Joint minimization of the proposed functional results in an eigenvalue problem for the motion model of each region and in a gradient descent evolution for the separating interface. Numerical results on real-world sequences demonstrate that minimization of a single cost functional generates a segmentation of space-time into multiple motion regions.
Plasma Density inside Femtosecond Laser Filaments in Air (2007)

We present a spectroscopic way to measure the plasma density of femtosecond laser filaments in air by using Stark broadening of the oxygen atomic fluorescence line. This method could also be applied to multiple filamentation.
Development of the Micro X-ray Fluorescence Analyzer for Calcium Analysis Equipped with a Line- Focus X-ray Optical Elemen (2013)

X線を線状に集光する光学素子を搭載した蛍光X線分析装置を開発した。この線状X線集光素子はX線の全反射を利用した素子で，繊維状の試料に効率よくX線を照射することができる。この装置を用いて毛髪のカルシウム分析を試みた結果，1本の毛髪試料の毛根から毛先にかけてカルシウム量の変動を測定することができた。
Monsters at the gate: When softbots visit web search engines (2003)

There has been little research investigating how Web agents search for information. We focused on three research questions: (1) How do agents interact with Web search engines? (2). What type of information are Web agents looking for and in what quantity?, and (3) What is the duration and frequency of Web agent interactions The queries examined for this study were submitted to Alta Vista on 8 September 2002, spanning a 24-hour period. Findings include: (1) when agents interact with Web search engines they use simpler queries than those submitted by human searchers, (2) Web agents are searching for a wide variety of information, with 60% of the terms used being unique, and (3) agent – Web search engine interaction is typically over several hours with multiple instances of interaction per second. Implications for Web agents and search engines are discussed.
NEMS gas sensors for breakthrough GC multigas analysis systems (2015)

This paper presents NEMS gas sensors implemented in a breakthrough multigas analysis system. The NEMS mass sensors are collectively fabricated, functionalized and packaged at wafer level. NEMS array resonators exhibit good frequency stability (Allan deviation <;5.10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> in air). After implementation in the multigas analysis system, the capability to analyze complex gas mixtures for Industrial and Indoor Air Quality monitoring has been demonstrated, with typical Limit of Detection in ppm down to ppb level.
The ubiquitous speckle phenomenon (2006)

Since it was first observed in the early 1960s, speckle has become important in many different applications. In this paper we biefly discuss its role in holography, coherence tomography, projection TV, fiber-optic communications, lithography, optical radar detection, and metrology.
Carbohydrates to Carbocycles: Regio- and Stereoselectivity in the Intramolecular [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Dienic 2-Enono-δ-lactones (1998)

Carbohydrate derived 2-enono-δ-lactones, substituted at C-6, C-7 or C-8 with an electron-rich unsaturation, undergo efficient [2+2] intramolecular photocycloaddition to generate densely functionalized, fused carbocyclic systems.
The rocket effect on a gravitating mass-losing object (1986)

Axisymmetric hydrodynamic calculations on an interaction between a gravitating object and ambient gas are performed. We have computed subsonic and supersonic flows past a mass-losing object in inviscid gas, and the drag coefficient is estimated. The drag coefficient Cd normalized by the accretion radius is found to obey the formula |$C_\text d =2\enspace\text{log}(r_\text{max}/r_\text{min})+C$|⁠, where |$r_\text{max}$| and |$r_\text{min}$| are the cut-off distances of gravity and C is constant, if the object is moving supersonically in the gas. If the velocity of the ejected wind is supersonic, the constant C is negative and we have a thrust rather than a drag supposing |$r_\text{max}$| not to be too large. If the object is moving subsonically, there is no logarithmic term and we have a genuine thrust, which may be called the rocket effect.
Adsorption of Amine Compounds on the Glass Surface and Their Impact on the Development of Analytical Method and Pharmaceutical Process (2022)

A diamine compound (3-{2-[2-(3-aminopropoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}propan-1-amine) was demonstrated to impact downstream steps in a pharmaceutical synthetic process, and control of this compound to less than 0.015 wt % (or 150 ppm) was necessary. A novel, simple, and sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method without the derivatization of the diamine was developed for in-process control (IPC) and demonstrated to be suitable for use when experiments were run at a small lab scale. During the development of the LC-MS method, the diamine was found to significantly adsorb to the surface of glassware, and the adsorption constant was estimated to be (5.4–10.4) × 108 mL/mol SiOH. This phenomenon impacted the analytical method recovery and the control of the diamine in the process. The diamine adsorption was investigated, and procedures were developed to mitigate adsorption. The addition of 0.1% triethylamine in sample diluent was found to significantly reduce adsorption of the diamine and improve LC-MS method recovery. However, at the kilo plant scale, the impurities that were initially inhibited in development work appeared. It was determined that the diamine adsorbed on glassware more strongly than previously expected, including the reactor. This paper will discuss steps taken to reduce adsorption on glass for both the analytical scale and the plant glass reactor.
Challenges for spacer and source/drain cavity patterning in CFET devices (2023)

In a complementary-FET (CFET), n- and p- type transistors are stacked on top of each other. This stacking approach results in very high aspect ratio vertical features which brings critical challenges for nanosheet (NSH), gate, spacer, and source/drain (S/D) cavity patterning. Silicon nitride spacers are commonly used to electrically isolate and protect the silicon gate during S/D epitaxial growth and to precisely define the channel length (Lg) [1-4]. In this work, we will discuss the spacer film opening, the optimization of the S/D cavity profile and propose options to reduce the gate hard mask consumption. We were able to straighten the S/D cavity profile in the SiGe superlattice substrate by tuning specific process parameters, during the various etch and over-etch steps of the stack. Chemical analysis of the sidewall of the cavity, by TEM/EDS, confirmed that the formation of a passivation oxi-nitride compound is key to achieve vertical cavity profile. The chemical mapping of the cavity was done through the Si and SiGe25% sheets. A Si, O and N containing passivation layer is present in the cavity which seems to be thicker at the top and thinner at the bottom of the cavity. Furthermore, polymer capping methods were investigated to reduce the consumption of oxide hard mask (HM) during spacer etch. Process optimization for the cavity shape in the S/D recess etch was conducted using TEM characterization.
Efficiency of light coupling from a light delivery system to a planar waveguide for optical and hybrid recording heads (2003)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. V. Itagi, T. E. Schlesinger, J. A. Bain, and D. D. Stancil, "Efficiency of light coupling from a light delivery system to a planar waveguide for optical and hybrid recording heads," in Optical Data Storage, OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2003), paper TuE4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Comparison of the functional properties of RuBisCO protein isolate extracted from sugar beet leaves with commercial whey protein and soy protein isolates (2018)

RuBisCO showed comparable or superior functional properties to those of currently used whey and soy protein isolates. These results highlight the high potential of sugar beet leaf protein isolate as a nutritious and functional food ingredient to face global food security and protein supply. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Extra-Cytoplasmic Function Sigma Factor SigX Modulates Biofilm and Virulence-Related Properties in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2013)

SigX, one of the 19 extra-cytoplasmic function sigma factors of P. aeruginosa, was only known to be involved in transcription of the gene encoding the major outer membrane protein OprF. We conducted a comparative transcriptomic study between the wildtype H103 strain and its sigX mutant PAOSX, which revealed a total of 307 differentially expressed genes that differed by more than 2 fold. Most dysregulated genes belonged to six functional classes, including the "chaperones and heat shock proteins", "antibiotic resistance and susceptibility", "energy metabolism", "protein secretion/export apparatus", and "secreted factors", and "motility and attachment" classes. In this latter class, the large majority of the affected genes were down-regulated in the sigX mutant. In agreement with the array data, the sigX mutant was shown to demonstrate substantially reduced motility, attachment to biotic and abiotic surfaces, and biofilm formation. In addition, virulence towards the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was reduced in the sigX mutant, suggesting that SigX is involved in virulence-related phenotypes.
Induction of apoptosis by S‐Nitrosoglutathione and Cu2 or Ni2 ion through modulation of bax, bad, and bcl‐2 proteins in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (1999)

In this study, the amount of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) was measured spectrophotometrically at 334 nm. A spontaneous decrease in absorbency at 334 nm was detected when GSNO was exposed to 37°C and a high pH (pH 8.0). We investigated the catalytic roles of various metal ions on the decomposition of GSNO. The degradation of GSNO (0.5 mM) was enhanced by the presence of Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions. The amount of nitric oxide (NO) released from GSNO degradation was estimated by the Griess reaction based on nitrite accumulation. The results indicated that nitrite production was elevated at least twofold in the presence of Cu2+. Our study further indicated that Cu2+ enhanced GSNO-induced apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma HT 29 cells. We also found that copper ions modulated the expression of bad, bax, and bcl-2 in GSNO-treated HT 29 cells. The levels of bax and bad proteins in treated cells were significantly elevated about fourfold to sixfold when compared with mock-treated cells 24 h after combined treatment with GSNO plus Cu2+ or Ni2+. On the other hand, significant inhibition of bcl-2 occurred in HT 29 cells with simultaneous treatment of GSNO with Cu2+ (or Ni2+). It seemed that Cu2+ and Ni2+ can enhance the decomposition of GSNO, which liberates NO to activate the pathways. Our results demonstrated that the apoptotic effects induced by GSNO were promoted by Ni2+ and Cu2+ through two different mechanisms: depletion of intracellular glutathione and triggering of NO release from GSNO, which then promotes NO-induced apoptosis in human cells. Mol. Carcinog. 26:201–211, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Toward True Surface Recovery:  Studying Distortions in Scanning Probe Microscopy Image Data (1996)

It is known that scanning probe image data are distorted by the geometry of the probe and its interaction with the sample. Here, we describe the application of a new method for obtaining information on tip shape from scanning probe topographic image without a priori assumptions of tip or sample geometry. The results obtained from image data acquired from polymeric and semiconductor samples indicate that this tip information is distorted by the interaction between the imaging probe and the sample surface. Analysis of a series of data, acquired at different scan speeds and forces, reveals the complex relationship between these associative phenomena and demonstrate that new methods for scanning probe surface reconstruction are required.
[Establishment of a preclinical neuroblastoma model in immunocompetent mice]. (2016)

The orthotopic implantation of NB neurospheres in syngeneic mice has allowed us to generate a NB model in which it has been possible to study the tumor immunity.
Unnatural Base Pairs Mediate the Site‐Specific Incorporation of an Unnatural Hydrophobic Component into RNA Transcripts (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cover Picture: Preparation of Nickel Phosphide Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts Assisted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (ChemCatChem 21/2015) (2015)

The Front Cover shows a new preparation method to obtain Ni2P/SiO2 catalysts assisted by scCO2. The upper part of the image is inspired by the Venus planet, known to be covered by scCO2, representing the reactor used for the catalyst design. In their Communication, B. Motos-Pérez et al. describe the utilization of phosphorous precursors with different oxidation states to obtain highly active Ni2P NPs, well-known as active HDS catalysts. Catalysts thus obtained are highly active in comparison with non-supercritical references and as active as conventional promoted NiMoS/Al2O3. More details can be found in the Communication by D. Uzio, C. Aymonier et al. on page 3441 in Issue 21, 2015 (DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500755).
Toward low-loss mid-infrared Ga2O3–BaO–GeO2 optical fibers (2023)

The development of efficient and compact photonic systems in support of mid-infrared integrated optics is currently facing several challenges. To date, most mid-infrared glass-based devices are employing fluoride or chalcogenide glasses (FCGs). Although the commercialization of FCGs-based optical devices has rapidly grown during the last decade, their development is rather cumbersome due to either poor crystallization and hygroscopicity resilience or poor mechanical-thermal properties of the FCGs. To overcome these issues, the parallel development of heavy-metal oxide optical fiber from the barium-germanium-gallium oxide vitreous system (BGG) has revealed a promising alternative. However, over 30 years of fiber fabrication optimization, the final missing step of drawing BGG fibers with acceptable losses for meters-long active and passive optical devices had not yet been reached. In this article, we first identify the three most important factors that prevent the fabrication of low-loss BGG fibers i.e., surface quality, volumic striae and glass thermal-darkening. Each of the three factors is then addressed in setting up a protocol enabling the fabrication of low-loss optical fibers from gallium-rich BGG glass compositions. Accordingly, to the best of our knowledge, we report the lowest losses ever measured in a BGG glass fiber i.e., down to 200 dB km<sup>-1</sup> at 1350 nm.
Observation on the therapeutic effect of azithromycin on infant toxoplasmosis patients by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (2005)

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of azithromycin on infant toxoplasmosis patients by using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR). Methods The 22 infants positives for toxoplasma DNA (TOX DNA) and with clinical manifestations including 12 congenital infection and 10 acquired infection were detected with FQ-PCR. Azithromycin was given to all the patients with a dose of 10mg/kg·d for a course of 6 days. The therapeutic effect was observed at the end of 2 courses and 4 courses respectively. Results The condition of all patients was improved. The contents of TOX DNA in congenital infection group was 6.21±1.17 copies/ml and 5.46±1.25 copies/ml respectively before treatment and 2 courses after treatment, showing no significant difference in the content(P0.05). But the content of TOX DNA was 4.12±1.09 copies/ml 4 courses after treatment, showing a significant reduction(P0.01). The content of TOX DNA in acquired infection group was 6.79±1.05 copies/ml and 6.09±1.04 copies/ml, respectively 2 courses after treatment, showing no significant difference in the content(P0.05). The content of TOX DNA was 4.06±0.95 copies/ml ,showing a significant reduction(P0.01). Conclusion Azithromycin is effective for treatment of infant toxoplasmosis and without obvious side effect.
Mechanism of LncRNA ROR promoting prostate cancer by regulating Akt (2021)

We detected some serious inaccuracies and mistakes. Therefore, the article “Mechanism of LncRNA ROR promoting prostate cancer by regulating Akt, by X.-Q. Zhai, F.-M. Meng, S.-F. Hu, P. Sun, W. Xu, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (5): 1969-1977–DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201903_17235–PMID: 30915739” has been withdrawn.\nThe Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.\nhttps://www.europeanreview.org/article/17235
Kernelized log linear models for continuous speech recognition (2013)

Large margin criteria and discriminative models are two effective improvements for HMM-based speech recognition. This paper proposed a large margin trained log linear model with kernels for CSR. To avoid explicitly computing in the high dimensional feature space and to achieve the nonlinear decision boundaries, a kernel based training and decoding framework is proposed in this work. To make the system robust to noise a kernel adaptation scheme is also presented. Previous work in this area is extended in two directions. First, most kernels for CSR focus on measuring the similarity between two observation sequences. The proposed joint kernels defined a similarity between two observation-label sequence pairs on the sentence level. Second, this paper addresses how to efficiently employ kernels in large margin training and decoding with lattices. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at using large margin kernel-based log linear models for CSR. The model is evaluated on a noise corrupted continuous digit task: AURORA 2.0.
Update on Monogenic Diabetes in Korea (2020)

Monogenic diabetes, including maturity-onset diabetes of the young, neonatal diabetes, and other rare forms of diabetes, results from a single gene mutation. It has been estimated to represent around 1% to 6% of all diabetes. With the advances in genome sequencing technology, it is possible to diagnose more monogenic diabetes cases than ever before. In Korea, 11 studies have identified several monogenic diabetes cases, using Sanger sequencing and whole exome sequencing since 2001. The recent largest study, using targeted exome panel sequencing, found a molecular diagnosis rate of 21.1% for monogenic diabetes in clinically suspected patients. Mutations in glucokinase (GCK), hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1A), and HNF4A were most commonly found. Genetic diagnosis of monogenic diabetes is important as it determines the therapeutic approach required for patients and helps to identify affected family members. However, there are still many challenges, which include a lack of simple clinical criterion for selecting patients for genetic testing, difficulties in interpreting the genetic test results, and high costs for genetic testing. In this review, we will discuss the latest updates on monogenic diabetes in Korea, and suggest an algorithm to screen patients for genetic testing. The genetic tests and non-genetic markers for accurate diagnosis of monogenic diabetes will be also reviewed.
N-Nitrosamines Formation from Secondary Amines by Nitrogen Fixation on the Surface of Activated Carbon (2011)

Our previous study demonstrated that many commercial activated carbon (AC) particles may catalyze transformation of secondary amines to yield trace levels of N-nitrosamines under ambient aerobic conditions. Because of the widespread usage of AC materials in numerous analytical and environmental applications, it is imperative to understand the reaction mechanism responsible for formation of nitrosamine on the surface of ACs to minimize their occurrence in water treatment systems and during analytical methods employing ACs. The study results show that the AC-catalyzed nitrosamine formation requires both atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen. AC’s surface reactive sites react with molecular oxygen to form reactive oxygen species (ROS), which facilitate fixation of molecular nitrogen on the carbon surfaces to generate reactive nitrogen species (RNS) likely nitrous oxide and hydroxylamine that can react with adsorbed amines to form nitrosamines. AC’s properties play a crucial role as more nitrosamine formation is associated with carbon surfaces with higher surface area, more surface defects, reduced surface properties, higher O2 uptake capacity, and higher carbonyl group content. This study is a first of its kind on the nitrosamine formation mechanism involving nitrogen fixation on AC surfaces, and the information will be useful for minimization of nitrosamines in AC-based processes.