gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a high dynamic range video camera with non-regular sensor (2013)

Although there is steady progress in sensor technology, imaging with a high dynamic range (HDR) is still difficult for motion imaging with high image quality. This paper presents our new approach for video acquisition with high dynamic range. The principle is based on optical attenuation of some of the pixels of an existing image sensor. This well known method traditionally trades spatial resolution for an increase in dynamic range. In contrast to existing work, we use a non-regular pattern of optical ND filters for attenuation. This allows for an image reconstruction that is able to recover high resolution images. The reconstruction is based on the assumption that natural images can be represented nearly sparse in transform domains, which allows for recovery of scenes with high detail. The proposed combination of non-regular sampling and image reconstruction leads to a system with an increase in dynamic range without sacrificing spatial resolution. In this paper, a further evaluation is presented on the achievable image quality. In our prototype we found that crosstalk is present and significant. The discussion thus shows the limits of the proposed imaging system.
Glycosylation pattern of swine H1N1 and avian H5N1 rNAs. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;rNAs were deglycosylated with PNGase F or Endo H and molecular weights of treated and untreated samples were detected by SDS-PAGE followed by Coomassie staining. Data shown are representative of two independent experiments.&lt;/p&gt;
Connectionist-Based Dempster–Shafer Evidential Reasoning for Data Fusion (2005)

Dempster-Shafer evidence theory (DSET) is a popular paradigm for dealing with uncertainty and imprecision. Its corresponding evidential reasoning framework is theoretically attractive. However, there are outstanding issues that hinder its use in real-life applications. Two prominent issues in this regard are 1) the issue of basic probability assignments (masses) and 2) the issue of dependence among information sources. This paper attempts to deal with these issues by utilizing neural networks in the context of pattern classification application. First, a multilayer perceptron neural network with the mean squared error as a cost function is implemented to calculate, for each information source, posteriori probabilities for all classes. Second, an evidence structure construction scheme is developed for transferring the estimated posteriori probabilities to a set of masses along with the corresponding focal elements, from a Bayesian decision point of view. Third, a network realization of the Dempster-Shafer evidential reasoning is designed and analyzed, and it is further extended to a DSET-based neural network, referred to as DSETNN, to manipulate the evidence structures. In order to tackle the issue of dependence between sources, DSETNN is tuned for optimal performance through a supervised learning process. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we apply it to three benchmark pattern classification problems. Experiments reveal that the DSETNN out-performs DSET and provide encouraging results in terms of classification accuracy and the speed of learning convergence.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Preparation of Fmoc‐Arg ω,ω′ (Boc)2‐OH and Z‐Arg . omega.,ω′ (Boc)2‐OH, New Arginine Derivatives for Peptide Synthesis. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nonlinear Elasticity Imaging: Theory and (2004)

In tissue the Young's modulus cannot be as- sumed constant over a wide deformation range. For exam- ple, direct mechanical measurements on human prostate show up to a threefold increase in Young's modulus over a 10% deformation. In conventional elasticity imaging, these effects produce strain-dependent elastic contrast. Ignoring these effects generally leads to suboptimal contrast (stiffer tissues at lower strain are contrasted against softer tissues at higher strain), but measuring the nonlinear behavior re- sults in enhanced tissue differentiation. To demonstrate the methods extracting nonlinear elas- tic properties, both simulations and measurements were performed on an agar-gelatin phantom. Multiple frames of phase-sensitive ultrasound data are acquired as the phan- tom is deformed by 12%. All interframe displacement data are brought back to the geometry of the first frame to form a three-dimensional (3-D) data set (depth, lateral, and preload dimensions). Data are fit to a 3-D second order polynomial model for each pixel that adjusts for deforma- tion irregularities. For the phantom geometry and elastic properties considered in this paper, reconstructed frame- to-frame strain images using this model result in improved contrast to noise ratios (CNR) at all preload levels, without any sacrifice in spatial resolution. From the same model, strain hardening at all preload levels can be extracted. This is an independent contrast mechanism. Its maximum CNR occurs at 5.13% preload, and it is a 54% improvement over the best case (preload 10.6%) CNR for frame-to-frame strain reconstruction. Actual phantom measurements con- firm the essential features of the simulation. Results show that modeling of the nonlinear elastic be- havior has the potential to both increase detectability in elasticity imaging and provide a new independent mecha- nism for tissue differentiation.
Mutational and structural analysis of the lectin activity in binding domain 2 of ricin B chain (1994)

The study of the lectin binding sites of ricin B chain and of other homologous members of the small gene family that make up ricin-like molecules has revealed a number of key contact residues involved in sugar binding. In particular, on the basis of data generated by the X-ray crystallographic structure of ricin, comparisons of sequence homologies to other ricin-like molecules and substrate binding studies with these molecules, it has been proposed that His248 of Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) B chain may interfere with galactose binding in the second binding domain of that lectin. To test that hypothesis, single binding domain 2 (SBD2) of ricin B chain was expressed as a gene 3 fusion protein on the surface of fd phage to measure directly the effect of mutational changes on this binding site. Replacement of tyrosine with histidine at amino acid position 248 of SBD2 of ricin B chain was shown to reduce lectin activity. The sequences of RCA and ricin B chains were aligned and compared with the tertiary structure of ricin B chain to select various mutations that were introduced as controls in the study. One of these controls, Leu247 to Val247, displayed increased affinity for galactosides. The role of sequence changes is discussed in relation to the structural and functional divergence in these molecules.
Robust clock tree using single-well cells for multi-VT 28nm UTBB FD-SOI digital circuits (2013)

The 28nm UTBB FD-SOI design platform enables multi-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> standard cells co-integration with independent back biases (BB). In this paper, we propose a new clock-tree cell to build a robust clock tree isolated from the various BB of the different Vt regions, showing better propagation and transition times balancing (2.5x), and a drastic skew reduction (5x at 0.4V) compared to a conventional clock tree.
Self‐Exploding Beads Releasing Microcarriers (2008)

Self-exploding polyelectrolyte-coated gel beads releasing micrometer-sized capsules at the time of explosion consist of degradable hydrogel beads loaded with 3 µm sized layer-by-layer (LbL) microcapsules. When the polyelectrolyte coated gel beads explode, the smaller LbL microcapsules are suddenly released. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2008/adma200800907_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Robust feed forward tracking control system for using zero phase low-pass filter (2008)

In next generation optical disk system, the disk rotation speed becomes nearly equal to 10000[rpm]. Since the optical disk systems have a radial run-out, its phenomenon becomes the periodic disturbance whose bandwidth depends on the disk rotational speed. Hence, the tracking control system of next generation optical disk recording system should have the robust precision control against the high speed periodic disturbance whose rotational speed is nearly equal to 10000[rpm]. Moreover, this tracking servo system should have and the wide bandwidth. For this purpose, the feedforward controllers such as Zero Error Phase Tracking (ZPET) control and Perfect Tracking Control (PTC), have been proposed the tracking control for the mass strage system. However, for the next generation optical disk system, it is sometimes diffcult to realize the feedforward controller for suppression of high speed periodic disturbance. This paper proposes the structure of feedforward controller based on the prediction of tracking error. Moreover, the total control structure realizes the proposed feedforward controller with a new robust feedback control system. The experiment results point out that the proposed system well regulates the high precision tracking control on condition of the disk rotation speed 8000[rpm], which is equal to the rotation speed of 40 X speed on CD system.
Fit testing of a hearing protection device with integrated in-ear noise exposure monitoring (2018)

In-the-ear hearing protectors are often used in high-noise environments, such as in military operations and during weapons training. The fit of such a hearing protection device in the ear canal can cause significant variability in the noise dose experienced, an important factor in characterizing the auditory health risk. Our approach for improved dose estimates under these conditions involves a portable noise recorder used to capture in-the-ear noise behind a hearing protector, and on-body noise, while assessing hearing protection fit throughout recording. In this presentation we describe evaluation of this system using ANSI S12.42 testing using a shock tube and an acoustic test fixture, to evaluate impulse peak reduction and for measurement validation. Also explored were angle dependent effects on the peak insertion loss and measurement accuracy of the on-body recorder. An exploratory study was conducted with a small sample of experimenters during a recent Navy-sponsored noise survey conducted at Marine Corps Base Quantico. Results will be presented from a shooter’s ear and a nominal instructor’s position as well as from bystanders observing at a firing range. Our results show good correspondence between behavioral fit-testing of insertion loss and estimated protection from the in-ear and on-body microphones. [Work supported by ONR.]
Plasma-based feed-forward dynamic stall control on a vertical axis wind turbine (2014)

Dynamic stall was controlled on a double-bladed H-Rotor vertical axis wind turbine model using pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators in a feed-forward control configuration. The azimuthal angles of plasma actuation initiation and termination, that produced the largest increases in power, were determined parametrically on the upstream half of the turbine azimuth in a low-speed blow-down wind tunnel at wind speeds of 7m/s. A mathematical model, together with instantaneous turbine speed, was used to estimate transient torque and power developed by the turbine under the influence of plasma actuation. Overall performance improvements were based on changes between the final actuated and initial baseline results. A remarkable result of this investigation was that a net turbine power increase of 10% was measured. This was achieved by systematically reducing plasma pulsation duty cycles as well as the plasma initiation and termination angles. Nevertheless, it was determined that further performance increases could be achieved by changing the actuator’s dielectric material, increasing the turbine radius and developing a method for control of dynamic stall on both the upwind (inboard of the blades) and downwind (outboard of the blades) halves of the turbine azimuth. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrolyte-Gated WO3 Transistors: Electrochemistry, Structure, and Device Performance (2015)

Electrolyte-gated (EG) transistors, based on electrolyte gating media, are powerful device structures to modulate the charge carrier density of materials by orders of magnitude, at relatively low operating voltages (sub-2 V). Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is a metal oxide semiconductor well investigated for applications in electrochromism, sensing, photocatalysis, and photoelectrochemistry. In this work, we report on EG transistors making use of mesoporous nanostructured WO3 thin films easily permeated by the electrolyte as the transistor channel and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([TFSI])-based ionic liquids as the gating media. The WO3 EG transistors operate at ca. 1 V. Using a combination of cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction, and transistor performance characterizations, complemented by spectroscopic (Raman and infrared) investigations, we correlate the metal oxidation state and the charge transport properties of the metal oxide, shedding light on the doping process in electrically biased WO3 nanostructured thin films exposed to electrolytes.
ChemInform Abstract: New Method for the Synthesis of 2‐Acylamino‐1‐benzothiophene‐3‐carboxamide Derivatives from the Corresponding Esters. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A germanium on silicon uni-traveling carrier photodiode (2011)

A Ge/Si uni-traveling carrier (UTC) photodetector is demonstrated for the first time. The device has a bandwidth of 15GHz and no saturation of the DC response is visible at -1V up to 28dBm input power.
On the Role of Atomic Binding Forces and Warm-Dense-Matter Physics in the Modeling of mJ-Class Laser-Induced Surface Ablation (2021)

Ultrafast laser heating of electrons on a metal surface breaks the pressure equilibrium within the material, thus initiating ablation. The stasis of a room-temperature metal results from a balance between repulsive and attractive binding pressures. We calculate this with a choice of Equation of State (EOS), whose applicability in the Warm-Dense-Matter regime is varied. Hydrodynamic modeling of surface ablation in this regime involves calculation of electrostatic and thermal forces implied by the EOS, and therefore the physics outlining the evolution of the net inter-atomic binding (negative pressure) during rapid heating is of interest. In particular, we discuss the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac-Weizsacker model, and Averaged Atom Model, and their binding pressure as compared to the more commonly used models. A fully nonlinear hydrodynamic code with a pressure-sourced electrostatic field solver is then implemented to simulate the ablation process, and the ablation depths are compared with known measurements with good agreement. Results also show that re-condensation of a previously melted layer significantly reduces the overall ablated depth of copper for laser fluence between 10-30J/cm^2, further explaining a well-known trend observed in experiments in this regime. A transition from electrostatic to pressure-driven ablation is observed with laser fluence increasing.
The finite element model of human proximal femur constructed from three-dimensional CT images taken with a cone beam type of imaging device (2004)

The Japan Sooiety of Meohanioal Engineers 508 3 CT
Understanding the stagnation and burn of implosions on NIF (2016)

Abstract not provided
Determination of flow-regime boundaries for cohesive particles. Final report, September 20, 1988--March 31, 1992 (1992)

Cohesive particles (Geldart Group C powders) are fine particles generally less than 30 microns in size. Interparticle forces are large relative to inertial forces in these particles, and cause clumping, sticking, and channeling when attempts are made to fluidize them. These solids do not flow easily through pipes, and bridge extremely easily. The objectives of the work in this program were (1) to develop a hydrodynamic model which can be applied to cohesive solids, and (2) to obtain data in a large-scale (30-cm-diameter) riser to test the model. The work was divided into six tasks: Task 1. Preparation of a Project Work Plan; Task 2. Hydrodynamic Model Development; Task 3. Determination of Rheological Properties for Incorporation into the Model; Task 4. Small-Scale Flow Tests; Task 5. Large-Scale Flow Tests; and Task 6. Comparison of Model With Data. The work was conducted by the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) in collaboration with the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT). This work combined the expertise of IIT in model development, with the large-scale experimental capabilities of IGT. IIT researchers developed the hydrodynamic model in the program, while the large-scale data were generated by IGT. Following the preparation of the Project Work Plan in Task 1, work was started on the development of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to enable the behavior of cohesive solids in a dilute-phase riser to be simulated. In Task 2, two hydrodynamic models were developed based on the kinetic theory model of granular flow. The models were used to predict data presented in the literature, as well as data generated in Task 5 of this study. In Task 3, rheological data on cohesive oil shale with an average particle size of approximately 12 microns was obtained using a unique device called a cohetester.
MCP-1 causes cardiomyoblast death via autophagy resulting from ER stress caused by oxidative stress generated by inducing a novel zinc-finger protein, MCPIP (2009)

MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1) plays a critical role in the development of heart failure that is known to involve apoptosis. How MCP-1 contributes to cell death involved in the development of heart disease is not understood. In the present study we show that MCP-1 causes death in cardiac myoblasts, H9c2 cells, by inducing oxidative stress which causes ER stress leading to autophagy via a novel zinc-finger protein, MCPIP (MCP-1-induced protein). MCPIP expression caused cell death, and knockdown of MCPIP attenuated MCP-1-induced cell death. It caused induction of iNOS (inducible NO synthase), translocation of the NADPH oxidase subunit phox47 from the cytoplasm to the membrane, production of ROS (reactive oxygen species), and induction of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress markers HSP40 (heat-shock protein 40), PDI (protein disulfide-isomerase), GRP78 (guanine-nucleotide-releasing protein 78) and IRE1alpha (inositol-requiring enzyme 1alpha). It also caused autophagy, as indicated by beclin-1 induction, cleavage of LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) and autophagolysosome formation, and apoptosis, as indicated by caspase 3 activation and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling) assay. Inhibitors of oxidative stress, including CeO2 nanoparticles, inhibited ROS formation, ER stress, autophagy and cell death. Specific inhibitors of ER stress inhibited autophagy and cell death as did knockdown of the ER stress signalling protein IRE1. Knockdown of beclin-1 and autophagy inhibitors prevented cell death. This cell death involved caspase 2 and caspase 12, as specific inhibitors of these caspases prevented MCPIP-induced cell death. Microarray analysis showed that MCPIP expression caused induction of a variety of genes known to be involved in cell death. MCPIP caused activation of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and p38 and induction of p53 and PUMA (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis). Taken together, these results suggest that MCPIP induces ROS/RNS (reactive nitrogen species) production that causes ER stress which leads to autophagy and apoptosis through caspase 2/12 and IRE1alpha-JNK/p38-p53-PUMA pathway. These results provide the first molecular insights into the mechanism by which elevated MCP-1 levels associated with chronic inflammation may contribute to the development of heart failure.
The Metabolic Role and Therapeutic Potential of the Microbiome (2022)

We are host to an assembly of microorganisms that vary in structure and function along the length of the gut and from the lumen to the mucosa. This ecosystem is collectively known as the gut microbiota and significant efforts have been spent during the past 2 decades to catalog and functionally describe the normal gut microbiota and how it varies during a wide spectrum of disease states. The gut microbiota is altered in several cardiometabolic diseases and recent work has established microbial signatures that may advance disease. However, most research has focused on identifying associations between the gut microbiota and human diseases states and to investigate causality and potential mechanisms using cells and animals. Since the gut microbiota functions on the intersection between diet and host metabolism, and can contribute to inflammation, several microbially produced metabolites and molecules may modulate cardiometabolic diseases. Here we discuss how the gut bacterial composition is altered in, and can contribute to, cardiometabolic disease, as well as how the gut bacteria can be targeted to treat and prevent metabolic diseases.
Synergistic increases in intracellular Ca2+, and the release of MCP‐1, RANTES, and IL‐6 by astrocytes treated with opiates and HIV‐1 Tat (2005)

Recent evidence suggests that injection drug users who abuse heroin are at increased risk of CNS complications from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Opiate drugs may intrinsically alter the pathogenesis of HIV by directly modulating immune function and by directly modifying the CNS response to HIV. Despite this, the mechanisms by which opiates increase the neuropathogenesis of HIV are uncertain. In the present study, we describe the effect of morphine and the HIV-1 protein toxin Tat(1-72) on astroglial function in cultures derived from ICR mice. Astroglia maintain the blood-brain barrier and influence inflammatory signaling in the CNS. Astrocytes can express mu-opioid receptors, and are likely targets for abused opiates, which preferentially activate mu-opioid receptors. While Tat alone disrupts astrocyte function, when combined with morphine, Tat causes synergistic increases in [Ca(2+)](i). Moreover, astrocyte cultures treated with morphine and Tat showed exaggerated increases in chemokine release, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), as well as interleukin-6 (IL-6). Morphine-Tat interactions were prevented by the mu-opioid receptor antagonist beta-funaltrexamine, or by immunoneutralizing Tat(1-72) or substituting a nontoxic, deletion mutant (Tat(Delta31-61)). Our findings suggest that opiates may increase the vulnerability of the CNS to viral entry (via recruitment of monocytes/macrophages) and ensuing HIV encephalitis by synergistically increasing MCP-1 and RANTES release by astrocytes. The results further suggest that astrocytes are key intermediaries in opiate-HIV interactions and disruptions in astroglial function and inflammatory signaling may contribute to an accelerated neuropathogenesis in HIV-infected individuals who abuse opiates.