gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TESTING AND EVALUATION OF THE SOLAR PANEL SIGN SUPPORT SYSTEM (2001)

The purpose of this series of tests is to verify the performance of the pedestal base sign installation when attached to the ground with a helical type screw-in foundation anchor assembly and equipped with the solar power (photovoltaic) hardware necessary to operate flashing signal beacons. Additionally, wind load analysis was also performed to determine the strength of the installation under extreme wind conditions. A pedestal base sign installation equipped with photovoltaic equipment and attached to the ground with a helical type screw-in foundation anchor assembly successfully met the evaluation criteria set forth in National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350. The installation was fabricated using a Pelco (model SP 1014 TX) square cast aluminum traffic signal base with a 114 mm (4.5 in.) outside diameter x 3.96 m (13 ft) long spun aluminum pole. Attached to the pole was a 16 mm x 1.2 m x 1.2 m (0.625 in. x 48 in. x 48 in.) plywood warning sign with the bottom of the sign height 2.1 m (7.0 ft). In addition, a 305 mm (12.0 in.), LED lamp, flashing yellow signal beacon was mounted directly above the sign panel. A 1429 mm x 654 mm x 89 mm (56.3 in. x 25.7 in. x 3.5 in.) solar panel weighing 235.8 N (53 lb) was attached atop the support. The battery cabinet for the panel was mounted behind the sign panel and weighed 520.4 N (117 lb). The helical type screw-in foundation anchored the assembly (model no. PB 5306) in NCHRP Report 350 standard soil. Under this project, the safety performance of selected work zone traffic control devices was evaluated through full-scale crash testing in accordance with NCHRP Report 350 guidelines. The pedestal base sign support installation with solar voltaic equipment and a flashing beacon installed atop a screw-in helical type ground anchor was found to be in compliance with NCHRP Report 350 guidelines and is considered suitable for implementation. Details of the pedestal base sign installation with solar voltaic equipment and a flashing beacon, as tested, are presented in this report. Installations that deviate in construction significantly from the details presented hereafter may require additional engineering evaluation and/or testing.
Cost-quality trade-offs of approximate memory repair mechanisms for image data (2017)

The traditional approach for increasing yield in large memory arrays has been to eliminate all hard errors using repair mechanisms. However, the cost of these mechanisms can become prohibitive for cheaper memories, which have higher error rates. Instead of completely repairing faulty cells, this paper introduces new approximate memory repair mechanisms that only partially repair both CMOS DRAMs and STT-MRAMs. By combining redundant repair with unequal protection, such as skewing the limited spare elements available for repairing faults towards the k most significant bits, and a hybrid bit-shuffling and redundant repair scheme, the new mechanisms maintain excellent output quality while substantially reducing the cost of the repair mechanism, particularly for increasingly important cluster faults.
Novel alpha-180 SE based LINE-scanning method (SELINE) for laminar-specific fMRI (2019)

Laminar-specific functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) opens new possibility for studying the neuronal circuitry and functional connectivity of cortex. FLASH based line-scanning method was proposed with high temporal and spatial resolution to better characterize the fMRI onset time across the cortical layers by combining 2 saturation RF pulses. However, the imperfect RF saturation performance led to poor boundary definition of the ROI from the cortex. In this work, we propose an α-180° SE based line-scanning (SELINE) method, solving this problem. We will improve this method to better understand the distinct laminar-specific neuronal circuitry and functional connectivity.
"2nd Generation" SiC Schottky diodes: A new benchmark in SiC device ruggedness (2006)

A new commercially available SiC Diode is reported and key features like widely improved surge current capability and avalanche ruggedness are described and related to the merged pn/Schottky device structure. The clearly positive temperature coefficient of the avalanche allows high avalanche power dissipation in the range of 20W/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> even in the frame of long term (1000h) testing. Additionally the device has the same excellent dynamic properties as already known from pure SiC Schottky diodes. The dV/dt ruggedness of the device was also proven with a long term test (3.6E11 cycles with > 90V/ns). No noticeable difference in switching losses occur when the device is switched off from nominal current at room temperature or from 10x nominal current at 150°C. The long term stability of the device under bipolar operation at high current densities (> 2kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) at the p-areas was proven over a stress time of lh.
The Nanofocus Endstation of the MINAXS Beamline of PETRA III (2010)

The Micro-and Nanofocus X-ray Scattering Beamline (MINAXS) of the new 3 rd generation source PETRA III is equipped with two endstations, out of which the farthest from the high beta undulator source is designed to provide a high flux, monochromatic X-ray beam focused to a size in the order of 100 nm 100 nm routinely used for microdiffraction experiments (nanofocus endstation). This contribution presents an overview on the current status of the nanofocus endstation and outlines the to-be-used experimental setup.
Nanoparticle removal from trenches and pinholes with pulsed-laser induced plasma and shock waves (2003)

Removing nanometer scale particles from patterned substrates is a critical, yet challenging, technical task with numerous applications. Due to environmental concerns, there is a drive to reduce chemical usage and waste in semiconductor and other nano-technology industries. The laser plasma method is a novel removal method for nanoparticles. For the work reported in this study, the method is applied to substrates with features, i.e. trenches and pinholes. The technique, which is dry and non-contact, takes advantage of shock wavefronts initiated by plasma formation under a focused laser beam pulse and their interaction with the substrate. In the reported experiments, a Q-switched Nd : YAG pulsed laser is employed as a plasma and shockwave generation source. Various mechanisms are responsible for the removal effect. The strong shock wave in air generates complex pressure wavefields resulting in both drag and lift on the particle and acceleration of the substrate. However, shock waves are not transmitted into the solid substrate as discontinuous shock fronts due to a large difference between the relevant wave phase speeds in the two media. Also, damage concerns due to cavitation, which is a common effect in megasonic cleaning, are avoided. However, damage due to the high temperatures associated with the plasma formation is found to be an issue. Patterned silicon wafers and micrometer level pinholes were used for the particle removal experiments. The effects of the distance between the surface and the plasma boundary on the removal efficiency are reported. With this method, we were able to remove particles from the wall of a micrometer level pinhole and patterned silicon wafers.
Reconfigurable software for open architecture controllers (2002)

We present an architecture that supports reconfigurable software construction. In this architecture, the controller software consists of a set of well-defined components and a set of behavior specifications. Each component is modeled with event-based external interfaces, a control logic driver and service protocols. Behaviors of components and their integration are modeled as finite state machines and nested finite state machines. The behaviors of software can be specified in Control Plan programs and executed by control logic drivers at run-time. Such software supports executable code-level reconfiguration as well as remote behavioral reconfiguration. Reconfiguration with heterogeneous implementations and vendor-neutral products is also supported. Our evaluation of the motion control software for a milling machine controller demonstrated that the software constructed with this architecture has high reconfigurability and low development and maintenance costs.
Accelerating Training and Inference of Graph Neural Networks with Fast Sampling and Pipelining (2022)

<strong>Abstract</strong> Improving the training and inference performance of graph neural networks (GNNs) is faced with a challenge uncommon in general neural networks: creating mini-batches requires a lot of computation and data movement due to the exponential growth of multi-hop graph neighborhoods along network layers. Such a unique challenge gives rise to a diverse set of system design choices. We argue in favor of performing mini-batch training with neighborhood sampling in a distributed multi-GPU environment, under which we identify major performance bottlenecks hitherto under-explored by developers: mini-batch preparation and transfer. We present a sequence of improvements to mitigate these bottlenecks, including a performance-engineered neighborhood sampler, a shared-memory parallelization strategy, and the pipelining of batch transfer with GPU computation. We also conduct an empirical analysis that supports the use of sampling for inference, showing that test accuracies are not materially compromised. Such an observation unifies training and inference, simplifying model implementation. We report comprehensive experimental results with several benchmark data sets and GNN architectures, including a demonstration that, for the ogbn-papers100M data set, our system SALIENT achieves a speedup of 3x over a standard PyTorch-Geometric implementation with a single GPU and a further 8x parallel speedup with 16 GPUs. Therein, training a 3-layer GraphSAGE model with sampling fanout (15, 10, 5) takes 2.0 seconds per epoch and inference with fanout (20, 20, 20) takes 2.4 seconds, attaining test accuracy 64.58%. <strong>Instructions</strong> Refer to the <code>code.zip</code> file for a README file, source code, installation instructions, and documentation on how to evaluate this artifact. The code is also hosted on GitHub. We also archive the <code>nistath/salient:cuda-11.1.1</code> Docker image which is also hosted on DockerHub. The image was saved using Docker Engine version 20.10.12.<br> To use it, download the <code>docker_image.tar.gz</code> file and run <code>docker load docker_image.tar.gz</code>. Refer to the README for further instructions. <strong>Acknowledgments</strong> This research was sponsored by MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab and in part by the United States Air Force Research Laboratory and the United States Air Force Artificial Intelligence Accelerator and was accomplished under Cooperative Agreement Number FA8750-19-2-1000. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the United States Air Force or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein.
Non-destructive and Selective Imaging of the Functionally Active, Pro-invasive Membrane Type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) Enzyme in Cancer Cells (2013)

Proteolytic activity of cell surface-associated MT1-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) (MMP-14) is directly related to cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. MT1-MMP is regulated as a proteinase by activation and conversion of the latent proenzyme into the active enzyme, and also via inhibition by tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) and self-proteolysis. MT1-MMP is also regulated as a membrane protein through its internalization and recycling. Routine immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, reverse transcription-PCR, and immunoblotting methodologies do not allow quantitative imaging and assessment of the cell-surface levels of the active, TIMP-free MT1-MMP enzyme. Here, we developed a fluorescent reporter prototype that targets the cellular active MT1-MMP enzyme alone. The reporter (MP-3653) represents a liposome tagged with a fluorochrome and functionalized with a PEG chain spacer linked to an inhibitory hydroxamate warhead. Our studies using the MP-3653 reporter and its inactive derivative demonstrated that MP-3653 can be efficiently used not only to visualize the trafficking of MT1-MMP through the cell compartment, but also to quantify the femtomolar range amounts of the cell surface-associated active MT1-MMP enzyme in multiple cancer cell types, including breast carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, and melanoma. Thus, the levels of the naturally expressed, fully functional, active cellular MT1-MMP enzyme are roughly equal to 1 × 10(5) molecules/cell, whereas these levels are in a 1 × 10(6) range in the cells with the enforced MT1-MMP expression. We suggest that the reporter we developed will contribute to the laboratory studies of MT1-MMP and then, ultimately, to the design of novel, more efficient prognostic approaches and personalized cancer therapies.
Variation of the carbohydrates of glycoproteins of cells growing on different surfaces (1982)

The carbohydrate components of some glycoproteins of hamster cells differ as a function of their growth on various substrates; glass, plastic, or plastic coated with collagen. This observation is interpreted as an effect of the environment on cellular structure at the molecular level. The basis of the change and its possible significance are discussed.
Design of Dispersive Mixing Devices (1999)

Abstract Mixing is one of the main functions of screw extruders. In the analysis of mixing, there are two mixing mechanisms that need to be considered: distributive and dispersive mixing. It is well known that single screw extruders generally have poor dispersive mixing capability, even when dispersive mixing elements are incorporated into the screw design. This paper will discuss the requirements for dispersive mixing, current dispersive mixing elements used in single screw extruders will be analyzed, and the lack of efficient dispersive mixing will be explained. A new generation of dispersive mixing elements will be introduced for use in both single and twin screw extruders and internal mixers. A two and three dimensional flow simulation will be used to analyze the mixing performance of these new mixers. Experimental work on the new mixing elements will be presented in a follow-up paper; the results demonstrate that it is possible to achieve dispersive mixing on single screw extruders that is as good as what can be achieved on twin screw extruders. The implications of these results on the compounding industry will be briefly discussed.
On the Physics and Economics of Renewable Electric Energy Sources -- part II engineering (2008)

A wave energy converter has been constructed and its function and operational characteristics have been thoroughly investigated and published. The wave energy converter was installed in March of 2006 approximately two kilometers off the Swedish west coast in the proximity of the town Lysekil. Since then the converter has been submerged at the research site for over two and a half years and in operation during three time periods for a total of 12 months, the latest being during five months of 2008. Throughout this time the generated electricity has been transmitted to shore and operational data has been recorded. The wave energy converter and its connected electrical system has been continually upgraded and each of the three operational periods have investigated more advanced stages in the progression toward grid connection. The wave energy system has faced the challenges of the ocean and initial results and insights have been reached, most important being that the overall wave energy concept has been verified. Experiments have shown that slowly varying power generation from ocean waves is possible.Apart from the wave energy converter, three shorter studies have been performed. A sensor was designed for measuring the air gap width of the linear generator used in the wave energy converter. The sensor consists of an etched coil, a search coil, that functions passively through induction. Theory and experiment showed good agreement.The Swedish west coast wave climate has been studied in detail. The study used eight years of wave data from 13 sites in the Skagerrak and Kattegatt, and data from a wave measurement buoy located at the wave energy research site. The study resulted in scatter diagrams, hundred year extreme wave estimations, and a mapping of the energy flux in the area. The average energy flux was found to be approximately 5.2 kW/m in the offshore Skagerrak, 2.8 kW/m in the near shore Skagerrak, and 2.4 kW/m in the Kattegat.A method for evaluating renewable energy technologies in terms of economy and engineering solutions has been investigated. The match between the technologies and the fundamental physics of renewable energy sources can be given in terms of the technology’s utilization. It is argued that engineers should strive for a high utilization if competitive technologies are to be developed.
Sulfonylated Benzothiazoles as Inhibitors of Endothelial Lipase (2018)

Endothelial lipase (EL) selectively metabolizes high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Inhibition of EL has been shown to increase HDL concentration in preclinical animal models and was targeted as a potential treatment of atherosclerosis. We describe the introduction of an α-sulfone moiety to a benzothiazole series of EL inhibitors resulting in increased potency versus EL. Optimization for selectivity versus hepatic lipase and pharmacokinetic properties resulted in the discovery of <b>24</b>, which showed good in vitro potency and bioavailability but, unexpectedly, did not increase HDL in the mouse pharmacodynamic model at the target plasma exposure.
Feedback Control Using Shape Memory Alloy Actuators (1998)

Shape memory alloy (SMA) has been considered as an actuator for applications that require large force and displacement. Two factors have hampered the usefulness of such actuators: a hysteretic input-output relation and bandwidth limitations. This paper considers the hysteresis phenomenon from a control point of view. Instead of directly compensating for the hysteresis, which requires an accurate model, we use a closed loop approach which considers the feedback control of the beam strain. A simple lumped temperature and SMA force/displacement model is used for stability analysis. We show that with the SMA wire fixed between rigid surfaces, a proportional force feedback would render the closed loop stable. However, when SMA is coupled to a flexible structure, the resulting system can exhibit instability. We then show that a proportional position feedback is stabilizing, but there would be steady-state error. An adaptation scheme can be further added to remove the steady-state error. The analysis is verified experimentally in a simple experimental setup consisting of a flexible aluminum beam and a Nitinol shape memory alloy wire that applies a bending force to the end of the beam.
Changes in polypeptide-specific factor VIII antigen levels during whole blood clotting. (1991)

The time-course of factor VIII (FVIII) proteolysis during whole blood coagulation was monitored using polypeptide-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) developed with monoclonal antibodies to FVIII. Such assays of whole blood from normal subjects revealed that, within 30 min after coagulation had started, levels of the amino-terminal region of FVIII light chain and in the middle region of FVIII heavy chain had decreased to baseline in parallel with factor VIII procoagulant activity, but that levels of the 70 kDa thrombin digest decreased more slowly, with 75 U/dl of FVIII antigen (FVIII:Ag) remaining even after 2 h. Similar analysis of the blood of a patient with congenital hypoprothrombinemia indicated a lag phase of 20 min before proteolysis started. No significant change was observed until 1 h after calcium chloride was added to prothrombin-depleted plasma. On the other hand, in the presence of tissue thromboplastin, levels of FVIII:Ag in all ELISAs decreased rapidly. These results indicate a requirement for thrombin generation in the proteolysis of FVIII during the process of whole blood clotting.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Containing Polyoxotungstates: Structure and Redox Activity (2010)

Abstract Review: 63 refs.
Synthesis and characterization of the colistin peptide polymyxin E1 and related antimicrobial peptides (2001)

Replacement of Phe3 in the endogenous delta-opioid selective peptide deltorphin I with four optically pure stereoisomers of the topographically constrained, highly hydrophobic novel amino acid beta-isopropylphenylalanine (beta-iPrPhe) produced four pharmacologically different deltorphin I peptidomimetics. Radiolabeled ligand-binding assays and in vitro biological evaluation indicate that the stereoconfiguration of the iPrPhe residue plays a crucial role in determining the binding affinity, bioactivity and selectivity of [beta-iPrPhe3]deltorphin I analogs: a (2S,3R) configuration of the iPrPhe3 residue in [beta-iPrPhe3]deltorphin I provided the most desirable biological properties with binding affinity (IC50 = 2 nM), bioassay potency (IC50 = 1.23 nM in MVD assay) and exceptional selectivity for the delta-opioid receptor over the mu-opioid receptor (30 000). Further conformational studies based on two-dimensional NMR and computer-assisted molecular modeling suggested a model for the possible bioactive conformation in which the Tyr1 and (2S,3R)-beta-iPrPhe3 residues adopt trans side-chain conformations, and the linear peptide backbone favors a distorted beta-turn conformation.
Anti-cancer effects of newly developed chemotherapeutic agent, glycoconjugated palladium (II) complex, against cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells (2013)

These results indicate that [PdCl2 (L)] is a potent chemotherapeutic agent for CDDP-resistant gastric cancer and may have clinical applications.
Blood Purification in the Intensive Care Unit: Evolving Concepts (2001)

Until relatively recently surgeons were familiar with the concept that some of their patients admitted to the intensive care unit require dialysis to deal with the development of severe acute renal failure. Under such circumstances the nephrology team would then attend the patient and take over that aspect of management. More recently, however, this situation has undergone a significant evolution because of the advent of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). First introduced as "last ditch" therapy in the most critically ill patients who were hemodynamically intolerant of hemodialysis, CRRT has become more and more widely used. It is now the dominant form of artificial renal support in Australia and close to being the dominant treatment of the severe acute renal failure of critical illness in most European countries. The use of CRRT in the United States is rapidly growing. The arrival of CRRT has also renewed interest in the wider concept of blood purification during critical illness. Experimental and preliminary human data suggest that such blood purification therapies may indeed have beneficial immunomodulatory effects. Accordingly, CRRT is now being considered as a potential adjuvant treatment of septic shock and has even moved into the operating room as a tool for antiinflammatory therapy and volume control. The intensivist-surgeon and the general surgeon need to be aware of and understand these developments in extracorporeal therapy if they wish to make the full armamentarium of modern treatment available to their sickest patients.