gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (2007)

Background Erosive esophagitis with ulceration has been implicated as a cause of bleeding in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. It has been proposed that esophagitis may be responsible for a significant proportion of cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Esophagitis is reportedly occurring in around 7% to 24% of patients who undergo endoscopy for bleeding, however, severe bleeding from esophagitis is rare. In a French cohort of 219 upper gastrointestinal bleeding, reflux esophagitis was reported as the cause of bleeding in 14.6%. Study In Hong Kong, 2343 endoscopy was performed from 1996 to 2002. Results Among them, 2.6% were related to esophagitis. Bleeding from esophagitis causes occult blood loss more commonly than it causes acute bleeding. Clinically, overt bleeding is more likely to occur in patients with extensive erosion or an underlying coagulopathy or associated with the use of aspirin. Endoscopic treatment of bleeding esophagitis is usually not required but may benefit patients with esophageal ulceration, a visible vessel and severe bleeding. In a study using proton pump inhibitor (PPI) as a preemptive treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the use of PPI has reduced the hospital stay and need for endoscopic therapy. Conclusion The use of high-dose PPIs may benefit the bleeding from esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Heterogeneous nucleation of organic vapours on a cold substrate (1993)

Abstract The heterogeneous phase transition of the organic vapours, cyclohexane and p‐xylene, on a cold substrate was observed by cooling the substrate at a slow rate under reduced pressure conditions. Either organic vapour at a vapour pressure lower than 130 Pa formed directly solid crystals but p‐xylene vapour at a higher vapour pressure formed liquid condensates with subsequent formation of solid crystals. The dependence of the critical supersaturation ratios on the critical temperatures and the physical properties of the organic vapours has been clarified by the equation derived on the basis of classical nucleation theory.
T lymphocyte engineeringex vivofor cancer and infectious disease (2008)

Advances in the technological approaches and methods for ex vivo manipulation have led to T lymphocytes endowed with enhanced potency and unique functions, with promise as the new generation of infused therapeutics.
Executing a gather operation on a parallel computer (2023)

Methods, apparatus, and computer program products are disclosed for executing a gather operation on a parallel computer according to embodiments of the present invention. Embodiments include configuring, by the logical root, a result buffer or the logical root, the result buffer having positions, each position corresponding to a ranked node in the operational group and for storing contribution data gathered from that ranked node. Embodiments also include repeatedly for each position in the result buffer: determining, by each compute node of an operational group, whether the current position in the result buffer corresponds with the rank of the compute node, if the current position in the result buffer corresponds with the rank of the compute node, contributing, by that compute node, the compute node's contribution data, if the current position in the result buffer does not correspond with the rank of the compute node, contributing, by that compute node, a value of zero for the contribution data, and storing, by the logical root in the current position in the result buffer, results of a bitwise OR operation of all the contribution data by all compute nodes of the operational group for the current position, the results received through the global combining network.
Degradation of Magnesium Aluminum Spinel by Lithium Fluoride Sintering Aid (2005)

The effect of LiF sintering aid on the degradation of transparent magnesium aluminate spinel during hot‐pressing was studied. LiF is used to etch spinel particles during the hot pressing process. The LiF was found to react with the aluminum in the spinel structure, thereby leaving Mg‐rich regions behind that do not sinter well and result in opaque white regions in the otherwise transparent matrix.
Application of Novel Magnetic Surfactant-Based Drilling Fluids for Clay Swelling Inhibition (2023)

Water-based drilling fluids are widely employed in the oilfield industry for the efficient and smooth drilling of wellbore reservoirs. In this study, a novel drilling formulation was prepared by mixing a magnetic surfactant in the base mud formulation. Several drilling fluid tests were conducted, which include steady shear and dynamic rheology, filtration, clay sedimentation, clay swelling, and particle size distribution analysis. Different analytical techniques─XRD, FTIR, and TGA analyses─were performed to study the interactions of magnetic surfactant with the clay platelets. The experimental results of the surfactant-modified formulations were compared to the base mud formulation. Thermal gravimetric analysis of the surfactant-modified mud showed improved thermal stability compared to the base mud. FTIR analysis results of the base mud and surfactant-modified mud were compared. In the steady shear rheology experiments, the flow curves of the base mud and surfactant-modified mud showed that the addition of surfactant in the base mud affects the shear stress of formulation. The shear stress data of rheology was fitted to the Herschel–Bulkley model, and model parameters trends were assessed with and without the addition of surfactant in the base mud. Shale inhibition tests showed that the incorporation of magnetic surfactant minimized the clay hydration of swelling, thus proving a superior shale inhibitor. The particle size analysis showed that the average particle size of clay particles increased with the increasing concentration of the magnetic surfactant. The linear swelling analysis of clay showed that the rate of swelling was 90% in the surfactant-modified mud as compared to the swelling rate in deionized water. According to the zeta potential, the combination of surfactants significantly affects the electrokinetic behavior of dispersion. Further, the XRD proved that the interlayer spacing of clay increasing while interacting with magnetic surfactant molecules indicates the ability of magnetic surfactant as a shale swelling and hydration inhibitor for water-based drilling formulations.
THE PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT PROTECTS LIVER AGAINST ISCHEMIC REPERFUSION INJURY1 (1999)

We conclude that the splanchnic viscera can contribute to liver ischemic reperfusion injury. Portosystemic shunt enhances the tolerance of liver to warm ischemia through the protective role of iNOS and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB).
Optimization of QKD Networks with Classical and Quantum Annealing (2022)

This paper analyses a classical and a quantum annealing approach to compute the minimum deployment of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) hardware in a tier 1 provider network. The ensemble of QKD systems needs to be able to exchange as many encryption keys between all network nodes in order to encrypt the data payload, which is defined by traffic demand matrices. Redundancy and latency requirements add additional boundary conditions. The result of the optimization problem yields a classical heuristic network planners may utilize for planning future QKD quantum networks.
Polyimidazolinones via Thermal Cyclodehydration of Polyamides Containing α-Amino Acid Units (1988)

Polyamides containing α-aminoacid units are readily obtained by reaction of bisazlactones (2-oxazolin-5-ones) with diamines. When polyamines such as diethylenetriamine (DETA) or triethylenetetramine (TETA) are used as the diamine component, the resultant polyamides readily cyclodehydrate above 200°C to produce polymers containing 2-imidazolin-5-one units in the backbone. Polyamides derived from simple diamines (e.g. 1,6-hexanediamine) cyclodehydrate only in the presence of a suitable catalyst. Carboxylate salts and certain Lewis acids have been found to be efficient catalysts for this transformation.
Transepithelial calcium transport in the chick chorioallantoic membrane II. Compartmentalization of calcium during uptake (1993)

Calcium transport from the eggshell to the developing chick embryo is carried out by the ectoderm cells of the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Primary cells isolated from chick chorioallantoic membrane ectoderm were used to analyze the subcellular distribution of 45Ca2+ accumulated from the extracellular medium. We present evidence suggesting that calcium may be sequestered into endosome-like vesicles during the initial phase of uptake. A combination of techniques were utilized to monitor calcium fluxes and calcium compartmentalization in the cultured chorioallantoic membrane cells: (1) fura-2 fluorescence was used to indicate cytosolic free calcium concentrations, (2) 45Ca2+ tracer was used to follow calcium accumulation in all cellular compartments, and (3) digitonin was used to differentially permeabilize subcellular membranes in order to localize 45Ca2+ by following tracer release profiles. Differences between cytosolic calcium flux and whole cell calcium accumulation suggested that the pathway of calcium uptake from the medium involves sequestration into an internal compartment separate from the cytosol. Kinetic analysis of the digitonin-mediated release of specific subcellular markers (lactate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, [3H]inulin, and [3H]-2-deoxyglucose) and preloaded 45Ca2+ indicated that calcium was localized in a compartment similar to endosomal vesicles. Our results are consistent with a transcytotic mechanism for chorioallantoic membrane calcium transport.
Fabrication technology for high light-extraction ultraviolet thin-film flip-chip (UV TFFC) LEDs grown on SiC (2018)

The light output of deep ultraviolet (UV-C) AlGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is limited due to their poor light extraction efficiency (LEE). To improve the LEE of AlGaN LEDs, we developed a fabrication technology to process AlGaN LEDs grown on SiC into thin-film flip-chip LEDs (TFFC LEDs) with high LEE. This process transfers the AlGaN LED epi onto a new substrate by wafer-to-wafer bonding, and by removing the absorbing SiC substrate with a highly selective SF6 plasma etch that stops at the AlN buffer layer. We optimized the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) SF6 etch parameters to develop a substrate-removal process with high reliability and precise epitaxial control, without creating micromasking defects or degrading the health of the plasma etching system. The SiC etch rate by SF6 plasma was ~46 μm/hr at a high RF bias (400 W), and ~7 μm/hr at a low RF bias (49 W) with very high etch selectivity between SiC and AlN. The high SF6 etch selectivity between SiC and AlN was essential for removing the SiC substrate and exposing a pristine, smooth AlN surface. We demonstrated the epi-transfer process by fabricating high light extraction TFFC LEDs from AlGaN LEDs grown on SiC. To further enhance the light extraction, the exposed N-face AlN was anisotropically etched in dilute KOH. The LEE of the AlGaN LED improved by ~3X after KOH roughening at room temperature. This AlGaN TFFC LED process establishes a viable path to high external quantum efficiency (EQE) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) UV-C LEDs.
Evolution of UniTESK Test Development Technology (2014)

The paper presents the basic principles of UniTESK technology intended for test construction based on formal models. It also summarizes experience of using UniTESK in large test development projects for software and hardware systems, including telecommunication protocols, basic and standard interfaces of operating systems, microprocessor units. The paper provides a vision of the future technology development for higher scalability of test suites constructed
204 The immune cell landscape in kidneys of lupus nephritis patients (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> Lupus nephritis is a potentially fatal autoimmune disease, whose current treatment is ineffective and often toxic. In 2014, the National Institute of Health (NIH), industry and non-profit organizations joined their efforts with the AMP project, whose goal is to identify new diagnostic and therapeutic targets through a better understanding of the mechanisms by which individual cell types contribute to autoimmune tissue damage. <h3>Methods</h3> To gain insights into disease mechanisms, we analyzed kidney samples from lupus nephritis patients and healthy controls using single-cell RNA-seq. Renal biopsies from 24 LN patients and 10 pre-transplant living donors (LD) were acquired across a distributed research network using a single, uniform pipeline developed by the AMP network. In brief, biopsies were cryopreserved and shipped to a centralized processing site for tissue dissociation. A total of 3541 leukocytes and 1621 epithelial cells were sorted from LN kidney samples. 438 leukocytes and 572 epithelial cells were sorted from LD biopsies. The transcriptome of those LN single tissue-infiltrating cells were assessed using single cell RNA-seq. <h3>Results</h3> Our analysis revealed 21 subsets of leukocytes active in disease, including multiple populations of myeloid, T, NK and B cells, demonstrating both pro-inflammatory and resolving responses. We found evidence of local activation of B cells correlated with an age-associated B cell signature, and of progressive stages of monocyte differentiation within the kidney. A clear interferon response was observed in most cells. Two chemokine receptors, C×CR4 and C×3CR1, were broadly expressed, pointing to potential therapeutic targets. Gene expression of immune cells in urine and kidney was highly correlated, suggesting urine may be a surrogate for kidney biopsies. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results provide a first comprehensive view of the complex network of leukocytes active in lupus nephritis kidneys. Results from this Phase 1 study identified LN active cells and pathways that can be used to guide the development of novel therapies. Analyses at a bigger scale (n=200 LN) in Phase 2 will allow to correlate patterns and signatures of infiltrating cells with those of intrinsic renal cells, particularly the epithelial cells that make up 90% of renal cells and that are prone to hypoxic damage and cellular stress. It will accelerate the discovery of new therapeutic targets and identification of biomarkers to guide therapeutic decisions in LN and integrate the treatment effect. <h3>Funding Source(s):</h3> Funding was provided through grants from the National Institutes of Health (UH2-AR067676, UH2-AR067677, UH2-AR067679, UH2-AR067681, UH2-AR067685, UH2-AR067688, UH2-AR067689, UH2-AR067690, UH2-AR067691, UH2-AR067694, and UM2-AR067678).
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Composite Photoanodes Incorporating Zinc Oxide Micro-Flower Structure (2012)

A novel process including electrodeposition at the low temperature of ca. 70 °C has been developed to prepare zinc oxide thin film with a micro-flower structure (MF-ZnO). Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using the resulting MF-ZnO-electrode show high performance attributable to its improved electron diffusion coefficient and length. The cell had 14.12 mA/cm2 of short-circuit current, 0.694 V open-circuit voltage, a 0.61 fill factor, and 6.0 % conversion efficiency.
Light Barriers (2011)

Allen Lichtschranken gemeinsam ist, dass sie als Sender eine Lichtquelle haben – bevorzugt LEDs und Laserdioden – und als Empfänger meist eine Photodiode. Es gibt drei prinzipielle Bauformen: die Transmissionslichtschranke (a), die Reflexionslichtschranke (b) und die Off- Axis-Lichtschranke (c), siehe Bild 19-1.
Phase Behavior in Rhombohedral NaSiCON Electrolytes and Electrodes (2020)

&lt;p&gt;The replacement of the presently used liquid electrolytes by a non-flammable solid electrolyte is an important avenue to create safer batteries. The Natrium Superionic CONductor&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;(NaSiCON) Na&lt;sub&gt;1+x&lt;/sub&gt;Zr&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Si&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;3-x&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; (0 &lt; x &lt; 3) that displays high bulk ionic conductivity and good stability towards other NaSiCON-based electrodes is a good solid electrolyte in NaSiCON-based batteries. Despite the sizeable share of research on Na&lt;sub&gt;1+x&lt;/sub&gt;Zr&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Si&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;3-x&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;, the structural and thermodynamic properties of NaSiCON require better understanding for more efficient synthesis and optimization as a solid electrolyte, which often follows chemical intuition. Here, we analyze the thermodynamic properties of the NaSiCON electrolyte by constructing the Na&lt;sub&gt;1+x&lt;/sub&gt;Zr&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Si&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;3-x&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; phase diagram, based on density functional theory calculations, a cluster expansion framework, and Monte Carlo simulations. Specifically, we build the phase diagram as a function of temperature and composition (0 &lt; x &lt; 3) for the high-temperature rhombohedral structure, which has been also observed in several positive electrode materials, such as Na&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;Ti&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, Na&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and Na&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;Cr&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. Through the phase diagram, we identify the concentration domains providing the highest Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-ion conductivity and previously unreported phase-separation behavior across three different single-phase regions. Further, we note the similarities in the phase behavior between Na&lt;sub&gt;1+x&lt;/sub&gt;Zr&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Si&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;3-x&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; and other NaSiCON-based mono-transition metal electrodes and discuss the potential competition between thermodynamics and kinetics in experimentally observed phase separation. Our work is an important addition in understanding the thermodynamics of NaSiCON-based materials and in the development of inexpensive Na-ion batteries. From our results we propose that the addition of SiO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4–&lt;/sup&gt; moieties to single-transition metal NaSiCON-phosphate-based electrodes will slow significantly the kinetics toward phase separation. &lt;/p&gt;
A fully-integrated 94-GHz 32-element phased-array receiver in SiGe BiCMOS (2017)

A 94GHz phased array receiver IC in 130nm BiCMOS technology is reported. The design integrates 32 front ends with gain and phase control configurable using look-up table memory, two separate 16∶1 power combiner trees, two 94GHz to ∼10GHz (IF) down conversion mixers, an IF to baseband (BB) quadrature down conversion mixer, and a 42GHz PLL followed by a frequency doubler implementing the LO source. The IC occupies an area of 6.7mm×5.6mm and can either support a 32-element phased array or a 16-element polarimetric phased array if connected to 16 dual-polarized antennas. In on-wafer measurements at 94GHz and 25C, the design achieves maximum RF to IF array conversion gain of 39dB, maximum RF to BB array conversion gain of 69dB, 20dB of RF front-end gain programmability, NF of 6 dB, and RMS phase error <1.5° for a 5° phase step. Total power consumption varies from 3W to 4.6W from minimum to maximum RF front-end gain settings.
Imaging nanometer scale defects in Langmuir-Blodgett films with the atomic force microscope (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImaging nanometer scale defects in Langmuir-Blodgett films with the atomic force microscopeH. G. Hansma, S. A. C. Gould, P. K. Hansma, H. E. Gaub, M. L. Longo, and J. A. N. ZasadzinskiCite this: Langmuir 1991, 7, 6, 1051–1054Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00054a005https://doi.org/10.1021/la00054a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views367Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detecting signatures of positive selection associated with musical aptitude in the human genome (2016)

Abilities related to musical aptitude appear to have a long history in human evolution. To elucidate the molecular and evolutionary background of musical aptitude, we compared genome-wide genotyping data (641 K SNPs) of 148 Finnish individuals characterized for musical aptitude. We assigned signatures of positive selection in a case-control setting using three selection methods: haploPS, XP-EHH and FST. Gene ontology classification revealed that the positive selection regions contained genes affecting inner-ear development. Additionally, literature survey has shown that several of the identified genes were known to be involved in auditory perception (e.g. GPR98, USH2A), cognition and memory (e.g. GRIN2B, IL1A, IL1B, RAPGEF5), reward mechanisms (RGS9), and song perception and production of songbirds (e.g. FOXP1, RGS9, GPR98, GRIN2B). Interestingly, genes related to inner-ear development and cognition were also detected in a previous genome-wide association study of musical aptitude. However, the candidate genes detected in this study were not reported earlier in studies of musical abilities. Identification of genes related to language development (FOXP1 and VLDLR) support the popular hypothesis that music and language share a common genetic and evolutionary background. The findings are consistent with the evolutionary conservation of genes related to auditory processes in other species and provide first empirical evidence for signatures of positive selection for abilities that contribute to musical aptitude.
Improved Resin–Zirconia Bonding by Room Temperature Hydrofluoric Acid Etching (2015)

This <i>in vitro</i> study was conducted to evaluate the shear bond strength of "non-self-adhesive" resin to dental zirconia etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF) at room temperature and to compare it to that of air-abraded zirconia. Sintered zirconia plates were air-abraded (control) or etched with 10%, 20%, or 30% HF for either 5 or 30 min. After cleaning, the surfaces were characterized using various analytical techniques. Three resin cylinders (Duo-Link) were bonded to each treated plate. All bonded specimens were stored in water at 37 °C for 24 h, and then half of them were additionally thermocycled 5000 times prior to the shear bond-strength tests (<i>n</i> = 12). The formation of micro- and nano-porosities on the etched surfaces increased with increasing concentration and application time of the HF solution. The surface wettability of zirconia also increased with increasing surface roughness. Higher concentrations and longer application times of the HF solution produced higher bond-strength values. Infiltration of the resin into the micro- and nano-porosities was observed by scanning electron microscopy. This <i>in vitro</i> study suggests that HF slowly etches zirconia ceramic surfaces at room temperature, thereby improving the resin-zirconia bond strength by the formation of retentive sites.