gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Casirivimab and imdevimab for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (2021)

Abstract Background Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experience high mortality rates, ranging from 10% to 30%. Combined casirivimab and imdevimab (CAS+IMD) is authorized for use in outpatients with COVID-19 and in post-exposure prophylaxis. The UK-based platform RECOVERY study reported improved survival in hospitalized seronegative patients treated with CAS+IMD; however, in most of the world, anti-spike monoclonal antibody therapy is currently not approved for hospitalized patients. Methods In this phase I/II/III double-blind placebo-controlled trial, patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were randomized (1:1:1) to 2.4 g or 8.0 g of CAS+IMD or placebo, and characterized at baseline for viral load and SARS-CoV-2 endogenous immune response. Results 1336 patients on low-flow or no supplemental oxygen were treated. The primary endpoint was met: in seronegative patients, the least squares mean difference (CAS+IMD vs placebo) for time-weighted average change from baseline viral load was –0.28 log 10 copies/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] –0.51 to –0.05; P = .0172). The primary clinical analysis of death or mechanical ventilation from day 6 to 29 in patients with high viral load had a strong positive trend but did not reach significance. CAS+IMD numerically reduced all-cause mortality in seronegative patients through day 29 (relative risk reduction, 55.6%; 95% CI 24.2–74.0; nominal P = .0032). No safety concerns were noted. Conclusions In hospitalized patients with COVID-19 on low-flow or no oxygen, CAS+IMD treatment reduced viral load and the risk of death or mechanical ventilation as well as all-cause mortality in the overall population, with the benefit driven by seronegative patients and no harm observed in seropositive patients.
Use of oxygen-15 to measure oxygen-carrying capacity of blood substitutes in vivo (1997)

A method for determining oxygen-carrying capacity of blood substitutes has been developed using the short-lived cyclotron-produced positron-emitting isotope 15O. This method measures the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood substitutes in vivo in the presence of red blood cells and allows determination of changes in the oxygen-carrying capacity over time after exchange transfusion. This method is applied to the blood substitutes of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) and cell-free hemoglobin (Hb). We have used 15O (half-life of 2 min) to quantitate the lung uptake and tissue delivery of [15O2]LEH. Lung uptake studies were performed in intubated, catheterized rats after a 40% exchange transfusion of bovine LEH (LEBH; 0.68 g Hb/kg body wt), human hemolysate LEH (LEHH; 1.0 g Hb/kg body wt), or free bovine hemoglobin (SFHS; 0.56 g Hb/kg body wt). A bolus inhalation of 15O2 (3-5 mCi) was given at 15 min, 3 h, and 24 h post-transfusion. Arterial blood samples were collected, spun, and separated into LEH, red blood cell, and plasma fractions. 15O activity and hemoglobin content were determined for each fraction. Oxygen-carrying capacity was calculated as a percentage of the original red blood cell fraction removed. For LEBH, the carrying capacity was 15% at 15 min, 13% at 3 h, and 1% at 24 h. For LEHH, the carrying capacity was 30% at 15 min, 26% at 3 h, and 19% at 24 h. The marked decrease in carrying capacity at 24 h for LEBH compared with LEHH was attributable to the increased formation of methemoglobin in the circulating LEBH rather than increased removal from circulation, because total hemoglobin concentrations measured for both LEH samples decreased at a similar rate during the 24 h. The presence of methemoglobin reductase and other naturally occurring antioxidants in the LEHH may be responsible for maintaining the higher levels of oxyhemoglobin. Oxygen-carrying capacity for SFHS also decreased over time but at a much sharper rate compared with both LEH formulations. The carrying capacity for SFHS of 8% measured at 15 min decreased to 0.3% at 3 h and undetectable levels at 24 h. This sharper decrease in carrying capacity for SFHS is attributable to the rapid removal of the hemoglobin from circulation.
Comparison of clinical features and outcomes between HBV-related and non-B non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (2020)

Our data revealed that HBV-HCC is more common in young males with vascular invasion, while NBNC-HCC occurs mostly in elderly patients, and overall survival rate is significantly better than that of HBV-HCC. Our study therefore provides evidence that patients with HBV-HCC require closer follow-up due to their poor prognosis.
Deletions at 11q23 in different lymphoma subtypes. (2000)

Our study demonstrated that the 11q23 deletion is not common in lymphomas other than MCL, CLL and DLCL. It also showed the possible correlation of the 11q23 deletion with the transformation of localized lymphoma to CLL, and with the development of Richter's syndrome.
Asymmetric Non-Commodity Output Responses to Commodity Price Shocks (2021)

This paper focuses on identifying potential asymmetric responses of non-commodity output growth in times of positive and negative commodity terms-of-trade shocks. Using a sample of 27 oil-exporting countries and a panel VAR method, the study finds: 1) the short-and medium-run response of real non-commodity GDP growth is larger for negative shocks than positive shocks; 2) this asymmetry is more pronounced in countries with weak pre-existing fundamentals-high levels of public debt and low levels of international reserves-which also serve to amplify the volatility of the response; 3) the output response to positive shocks is stronger following a sustained period of CTOT increases, while the impact of negative shocks on output are more damaging when they occur after a period of CTOT decline.
Measurement of filament length generated by an intense femtosecond laser pulse (2003)

We present a new method to measure the length of a filament induced by the propagation of intense femtosecond laser pulses in air. We used an antenna to detect electromagnetic pulses radiated from multipole moments inside the filament oscillating at the plasma frequency.
A peer-assisted server-based error recovery approach for IPTV networks (2011)

To achieve the desired service quality in IPTV networks, we need effective and resource-efficient error recovery techniques to overcome the problems encountered during the delivery of the IPTV content to the end-users. To enable quick recovery from packet losses, one idea is to utilize an error recovery server (ERServ) that is placed in-between the end-users and the content delivery server. Within this framework, error recovery process is initiated once an end-user sends a repair packet request to the ERServ, and the process is finalized when the repair packet transmitted by the ERServ in response is successfully delivered to the end-user. Even though the use of an ERServ presents an effective solution to improve the perceived quality at the end-users, as the number of users connected to the ERServ increases, we may observe scalability related problems (e.g., dropped requests or increased response times). Consequently, during such overloaded periods, we cannot guarantee the timely delivery of the repair packets, which may lead to significant performance degradations at the end-users. To prevent this from happening, we propose to utilize peer-based error recovery in addition to server-based recovery, for which the main objective is to prevent the ERServ from entering a non-responsive state. We achieve this objective by redirecting the error recovery load towards the end-users during times when the ERServ reaches a critical server-load level.
Der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Gewebekomponenten auf die Verlässlichkeit einer mRNA-basierten RT-qPCR Genexpressionsanalyse in FFPE Brustkrebsgeweben (2017)

Prognostische und prädiktive Brustkrebsbiomarker spielen in der Brustkrebstherapie eine entscheidende Rolle. Ausgangsmaterial für Genexpressionsanalysen dieser Marker auf Transkriptebene ist RNA, die aus FFPE Biopsien von Brusttumoren gewonnen wird. Gewebeschnitte enthalten neben dem invasiven Tumoranteil häufig weitere Gewebearten wie Normalgewebe, Adipozyten und DCIS (ductales Carcinoma in situ), die als mögliche Fehlerquelle bei der Genexpressionsanalyse angesehen werden.
Accelerated imidization reactions using microwave radiation (1992)

Abstract Microwave radiation has been clearly shown to result in enhancement of the rate of reaction for an imidization reaction. Analysis of the kinetic parameters showed that the apparent activation energy for the reaction was reduced from 105 to 55 kJ/mol, under the conditions of this experiment. The mechanism which has been proposed to explain this enhancement is based on the concept of a nonuniform temperature on a molecular scale, rather than a true reduction in the activation energy. © 1992 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Impedance response and modeling of composites containing aligned semiconductor whiskers: Effects of dc-bias partitioning and percolated-cluster length, topology, and filler interfaces (2012)

Impedance spectroscopy and modeling were used to investigate the partitioning of 0-40 V dc bias in composites containing alumina and different volume fractions of silicon carbide whiskers (SiCw), which formed low-connectivity percolated clusters. Differences in response between long (∼25 cm) composite rods and thin (∼1.7 mm) slices thereof were interpreted in terms of the relative contributions to the impedance from the electrodes and SiCw-percolated clusters of the composite samples. Bias had minimal effect on the impedance of rods, because its distribution across the long percolated clusters within translated to low electric fields at the SiCw-SiCw interfaces. The impedance of thin slices was more sensitive to bias and was mainly due to such interfaces. The associated dc resistance and effective capacitance decreased significantly with increasing dc bias. A model for symmetrical Schottky energy barriers at interfaces fit the capacitance trend and outputted a parameter Φi/κ¯i. Different models for the non-linear current-voltage behavior were related to each other and indicated weak varistor-like behavior, i.e., 1.15 ≤ αV ≤ 2.57. With increasing SiCw content and composite dc conductivity, Φi/κ¯i increased and the varistor non-linearity strength αV decreased. Also, the exponent t describing conductivity divergence at percolation was reduced at large dc bias. A new model of percolated clusters was proposed and correctly predicted the qualitative character and some quantitative aspects of these experimental results. The model is based on tendencies of the current distribution, which are expected from the topological structure and contrast between interface/whisker electrical behavior. Accordingly, it outputs the voltage-distribution tendencies.
Overview of the gamma reaction history diagnostic for the national ignition facility (NIF) (2024)

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) has a need for measuring gamma radiation as part of a nuclear diagnostic program. A new gamma-detection diagnostic uses 900 off-axis parabolic mirrors to rel ay Cherenkov light from a volume of pressurized gas. This non imaging optical system has the high-speed detector placed at a stop position with the Cherenkov light delayed until after the prompt gammas have passed through the detector. Because of the wavelength range (250 to 700 nm), the optical element surface finish was a key design constraint. A cluster of four channels (each set to a different gas pressure) will collect the time histories for different energy ranges of gammas.
Thin‐film Transistor Fabrication by Digital Lithography (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Jet-printed Patterning for Thin-film Transistor Processing Introduction Jet-printed Phase-change Etch Masks Digital Lithography Digital Lithography for TFT Device Fabrication Thin-film Transistor Device Structures Amorphous Silicon TFTs Polymeric TFTs by Digital Lithography Thin-film Transistor Device Characteristics a-Si:H TFTs Printed Polymeric TFTs TFTs on Flexible Substrates Introduction TFT Pixel Design Considerations Digital Lithography for Flexible Backplanes Display Applications with Print-patterned Backplanes Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Microarray Analysis of Quorum-Sensing-Regulated Genes inPorphyromonas gingivalis (2005)

Quorum sensing is a phenomenon defined as gene regulation in response to cell density that regulates various functions in bacteria. The periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses a luxS gene homologue that may encode a quorum-sensing system. In order to identify genes of P. gingivalis that are regulated by luxS, gene expression analysis was done using microarrays and RNA samples from the W83 wild-type strain and an isogenic luxS mutant, LY2001. The results indicated that 17 open reading frames (ORFs) in LY2001 are upregulated and two are downregulated. Real-time PCR was done to confirm the microarray results. Among the upregulated ORFs is a group of stress-related genes, including htrA, clpB, groEL, dnaK, and the F subunit of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase. This suggested that luxS is involved in stress gene regulation in P. gingivalis. Stress response experiments, including high-temperature survival, resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and survival during exposure to low and high pH, were performed on the P. gingivalis wild-type and LY2001 strains. LY2001 had a significantly higher survival rate than did W83 when stressed at 50 degrees C. No difference was found at pH 5, but LY2001 had increased survival compared to W83 at pH 9. LY2001 also survived better than W83 when stressed with 0.35 mM H2O2. These results suggest that luxS might be involved in promoting survival of P. gingivalis in the host by regulating its response to host-induced stresses such as temperature, H2O2, and pH.
Telecentric Optics for Free-Space Optical Link (2008)

We describe a telecentric optical system for free-space multichannel optical interconnects. The targeted aggregate data rate is 240 Gb/s. We have a unique implementation of telecentric optics and achieved an optical link that is simple, robust and modular. The integrity of the optical link is not significantly degraded with a >plusmn2 mm translational misalignment between the transmitter and receiver arrays. With this optical link, we need only a low bandwidth active servo mechanism to compensate for static tilt and possibly low frequency thermally-driven shift between the transmitter and receiver arrays.
Ad-CD40L mobilizes CD4 T cells for the treatment of brainstem tumors (2020)

Virus-mediated delivery of CD40L has the potential to be effective in treating diffuse midline gliomas without obligatory neuroinflammation-associated toxicity.
Identification and characterisation of Xenopus moesin, a Src substrate in Xenopus laevis oocytes (1999)

The cortical actin cytoskeleton, consisting of actin filaments and actin binding proteins, immediately underlies the inner surface of the plasma membrane and is important both structurally and in relaying signals from the surface to the interior of the cell. Signal transduction processes, initiated in the cortex, modulate numerous cellular changes ranging from modifications of the local cytoskeleton structure, the position in the cell cycle, to cell behaviour. To examine the molecular mechanisms and events associated with cortical changes. We have investigated targets of the protein tyrosine kinase, Src, which is associated with the cortical cytoskeleton, in Xenopus laevis oocytes. When a mRNA encoding an activated form of Src tyrosine kinase (d-Src) is injected into oocytes several changes are observed: proteins are phosphorylated, the rate at which progesterone matures an oocyte to an egg is accelerated, and the cortex at the site of injection appears to contract. Previous studies have implicated actin filaments in the Src-stimulated cortical rearrangements. In this study we identify two actin binding proteins-cortactin and moesin--as Src substrates in Xenopus oocytes that are Src substrates. We cloned and characterised the cDNA encoding one of those, Xenopus moesin, a member of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family of actin binding proteins. In addition, we have determined that moesin is recruited to the cortex at the site of Src mRNA injection.
Kartlegging av Phytophthora langs Makrellbekken i Oslo i 2020 (2020)

Langs Makrellbekken i Oslo vokser en frodig løvskog. Mange trær er imidlertid sjuke med blødende sår i barken og døde grener i krona som er typiske symtomer på skadegjøreren Phytophthora. I 2020 ble en kartlegging av Phytophthora langs bekken gjennomført. Undersøkelsen ble gjort for å finne ut om jorda og vegetasjonen der et planlagt gravearbeid skal gjennomføres, inneholder Phytophthora og dermed må håndteres med spesiell forsiktighet for å unngå smittespredning. Jord- og vevsprøver, spesielt fra trær nær bekken, ble tatt ut og analysert for Phytophthora. Fem Phytophthora-arter ble påvist i jordprøver fra syv prøvepunkter langs bekken; P. cambivora, P. gonapodyides, P. inundata, P. lacustris og P. plurivora. Ingen Phytophthora-art ble påvist fra vevsprøver, men en hurtigtest bekreftet at Phytophthora var til stede i plantevevet. Denne kartleggingen er en av flere bekreftelser på at trær langs elvesystemer rundt Oslo-området har skader som kan knyttes til invaderende, fremmede Phytophthora-arter. Spesielt P. cambivora, P. inundata og P. plurivora har vist seg å være alvorlige skadegjørere på trær i Norge, såkalt kvalitetsskadegjørere som det ikke er lov å spre videre. Rapporten henviser til aktuelle tiltak.
Approaches to In Vivo Imaging of Cancer Immunotherapy (2006)

Advancements in our understanding of the immune system have ushered in a new era of immune-based therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent cancer. However, the success of refining and clinical testing of these novel therapeutic strategies has required the development of new ways to monitor tumor and immune responses for a number of reasons. First, in vitro measures of the immune response are limited, and do not reflect important immune events that occur in vivo. Second, commonly used tumor response criteria may not be indicative of therapeutic activity. Lastly, typical approaches to defining the dose of a drug to treat cancer are not applicable to immune-based cancers. These problems have led to the development of newer monitoring strategies including a wide variety of whole-bodyimaging approaches. Imaging can provide insight into the actions of immune-based therapies that ordinarily would not be possible, and will likely result in enhanced decision making as to what strategies should, or should not be, moved into advanced clinical testing. In this chapter, a number of imaging techniques are discussed as well as their application to the development, understanding, and clinical monitoring of immune-based therapies.
The Feasibility of Dense Indoor LoRaWAN Towards Passively Sensing Human Presence (2021)

Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) has been advanced as an alternative for creating indoor sensor networks that extends beyond its original long-distance communication purpose. For the present paper, we developed a Dense Indoor Sensor Network (DISN) with 390 sensor nodes and three gateways and empirically evaluated its performance for half a year. Our analysis of more than 14 million transmissions revealed that DISNs achieve a much lower distance coverage compared to previous research. In addition, the deployment of multiple gateways decreased the loss of transmissions due to environmental and network factors such as concurrently received messages. Given the complexity of our system, we received few colliding concurrent messages, which demonstrates a gap between the projected requirements of LoRaWAN systems and the actual requirements of real-world applications. Our attenuation model indicates that robust coverage in an indoor environment can be maintained by placing a gateway every 30 m and every 5 floors. We discuss the application of DISNs for the passive sensing and visualization of human presence using a Digital Twin (DT).
Tubulin Inhibitors from an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Cedrus deodara (2013)

From an endophytic fungus, a close relative of Talaromyces sp., found in association with Cedrus deodara, four compounds including two new ones (2 and 4) were isolated and characterized. The structures of two compounds (1 and 4) were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The compounds displayed a range of cytotoxicities against human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, A-549, HEP-1, THP-1, and PC-3). All the compounds were found to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells, as evidenced by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy studies. Also, the compounds caused significant microtubule inhibition in HL-60 cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrazole NK1 Receptor Antagonists: The Identification of an Exceptionally Potent Orally Active Antiemetic Compound. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Epigenetic control of skeletal muscle fibre type (2010)

Adult muscle is extremely plastic. However, the muscle precursor cells associated with those fibres show stable and heritable differences in gene expression indicative of epigenetic imprinting. Epigenetic processes in the development of skeletal muscle have been appreciated for over a decade; however, there are a paucity of studies looking at whether epigenetics determines the phenotype of adult and/or ageing skeletal muscle. This review presents the evidence that epigenetics plays a role in determining adult muscle function and a series of unanswered questions that would greatly increase our understanding of how epigenetics works in adult muscle. With the increased interest in epigenetics, over the next few years this field will begin to unfold in unimaginable directions.
Supplementary Table S3 from The Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic (PKPD) Relationships of AZD3229, a Novel and Selective Inhibitor of KIT, in a Range of Mouse Xenograft Models of GIST (2023)

&lt;p&gt;GI90 for each mutation in the Ba/F3 cell viability assay panel for AZD3229, SoC agents and investigational agents&lt;/p&gt;
Fundamental Limitations of Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for Light-Emitting Diodes (2018)

Fundamental limitations of wide-bandgap semiconductor devices are caused by systematic trends of the electron and hole effective mass, dopant ionization energy, and carrier drift mobility as the semiconductor’s bandgap energy increases. We show that when transitioning from narrow-bandgap to wide-bandgap semiconductors the transport properties of charge carriers in pn junctions become increasingly asymmetric and characterized by poor p-type transport. As a result, the demonstration of viable devices based on bipolar carrier transport, such as pn junction diodes, bipolar transistors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and lasers, becomes increasingly difficult or even impossible as the bandgap energy increases. A systematic analysis of the efficiency droop in LEDs is conducted for room temperature and cryogenic temperature and for emission wavelengths ranging from the infrared, through the visible (red and blue), to the deep-ultraviolet part of the spectrum. We find that the efficiency droop generally increases with bandgap energy and at cryogenic temperatures. Both trends are consistent with increasingly asymmetric carrier-transport properties and increasingly weaker hole injection as the bandgap energy of LEDs increases, indicating that fundamental limitations of wide-bandgap semiconductor devices are being encountered.