gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TACKLING INSIDER THREATS USING RISK-AND-TRUST AWARE ACCESS CONTROL APPROACHES (2016)

Insider Attacks are one of the most dangerous threats organizations face today. An insider attack occurs when a person authorized to perform certain actions in an organization decides to abuse the trust, and harm the organization by causing breaches in the confidentiality, integrity or availability of the organization’s assets. These attacks may negatively impact the reputation of the organization, its productivity, and may incur heavy losses in revenue and clients. Preventing insider attacks is a daunting task. Employees need legitimate access to effectively perform their jobs; however, at any point of time they may misuse their privileges accidentally or intentionally. Hence, it is necessary to develop a system capable of finding a middle ground where the necessary privileges are provided and insider threats are mitigated. In this dissertation, we address this critical issue. We propose three adaptive risk-and-trust aware access control frameworks that aim at thwarting insider attacks by incorporating the behavior of users in the access control decision process. Our first framework is tailored towards general insider threat prevention in role-based access control systems. As part of this framework, we propose methodologies to specify risk-and-trust aware access control policies and a risk management approach that minimizes the risk exposure for each access request. Our second framework is designed to mitigate the risk of obligation-based systems which are difficult to manage and are particularly vulnerable to sabotage. As part of our obligation-based framework, we propose an insider-threat-resistant trust computation methodology. We emphasize the use of monitoring of obligation fulfillment patterns to determine some psychological precursors that have high predictive power with respect to potential insider threats. Our third framework is designed to take advantage of geo-social information to deter insider threats. We uncover some insider threats that arise when geo-social information is used to make access control decisions. Based on this analysis, we define an insider threat resilient access control approach to manage privileges that considers geo-social context. The models and methodologies presented in this dissertation can help a broad range of organizations in mitigating insider threats.
Life-testing oxide-confined VCSELs: too good to last? (1996)

The use of native oxides (selective oxidation) in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers has produced dramatic improvements in these laser diodes but has also been suspected of causing poor reliability because of incidental reports of short lifetimes and physical considerations. Here we discuss the results of thousands of hours life-tests for oxide confined and implant confined devices at current densities from 1 to 12 kA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. There was a single infant mortality failure from a sample of 14 oxide confined lasers with the remainder showing relatively stable operation. The failed device is analyzed in terms of light current characteristics and near-field electroluminescence images, and potential screening criteria are proposed.
Hypercube management in the presence of node failures (1988)

The problem of allocation and release of subcubes from a hypercube with node failures is addressed. Two algorithms are presented, both based on the Buddy allocation scheme for memory management which is also used by the AXIS operating system of the NCUBE hypercube computer. The first algorithm is a simple variation of the Buddy algorithm which permits the efficient allocation of subcubes in the presence of a single faulty node. The second algorithm, which effectively subsumes the first, tries to reduce the fragmentation caused by multiple failed nodes. It uses a relabeling scheme to group the failed nodes so that large non-faulty subcubes can be detected using the Buddy allocation scheme. The relative performance of these algorithms is studied using simulation and the proposed algorithms are shown to have a consistently better performance. Issues relating to the detection of faulty nodes on the NCUBE computer and the consequences of the relabeling on message passing are also discussed.
Segment based 3D object shape priors (2015)

Dense 3D reconstruction still remains a hard task for a broad number of object classes which are not sufficiently textured or contain transparent and reflective parts. Shape priors are the tool of choice when the input data itself is not descriptive enough to get a faithful reconstruction. We propose a novel shape prior formulation that splits the object into multiple convex parts. The reconstruction problem is posed as a volumetric multi-label segmentation. Each of the transitions between labels is penalized with its individual anisotropic smoothness term. This powerful formulation allows us to represent a descriptive shape prior. For the object classes used in this paper the individual segments naturally correspond to different semantic parts of the object. This leads to a semantic segmentation as a side product of our shape prior formulation. We evaluate our method on several challenging real-world datasets. Our results show that we can resolve issues such as undesired holes and disconnected parts. Taking into account a segmentation of the free space, we show that we are able to reconstruct concavities, such as the interior of a mug.
Risk-reducing surgery in hereditary gynecological cancer: Clinical applications in Lynch syndrome and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (2014)

Risk-reducing surgery (RRS) is defined as a prophylactic approach with removal of organs at high risk of developing cancer, which is performed in cases without lesions or absence of clinically significant lesions. Hereditary gynecological cancers for which RRS is performed include hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) and Lynch syndrome. For HBOC, RRS in the United States (US) is recommended for women with mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility (<i>BRCA</i>)<i>1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> genes and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) is generally performed. This procedure may reduce the risk of breast, ovarian, Fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancer, although ovarian deficiency symptoms occur postoperatively. For Lynch syndrome, RRS in the US is considered for postmenopausal women or for women who do not desire to bear children and BSO and hysterectomy are usually performed. This approach may reduce the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer, although ovarian deficiency symptoms also occur. For RRS, there are several issues that must be addressed to reduce the risk of cancer development in patients with HBOC or Lynch syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to discuss RRS with a focus on hereditary gynecological cancer.
Model ABC Triblock Copolymers and Blends near the Order−Disorder Transition (2002)

We report differences in the thermodynamic behavior of compositionally symmetric ABC and BAC triblock copolymers near the order−disorder transition temperature and of binary ABC/BAC copolymer blends: poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-dimethylsiloxane) (SID) and ISD with segment volume fractions near 0.33 and similar molecular weight disorder at different temperatures and from different ordered-state symmetries. Blends of symmetric SID and ISD molecules with molecular weights near 10K are miscible and form a gyroid morphology over a wide range of blend compositions. Flory−Huggins interaction parameters for this ABC system allow a detailed interpretation of SAXS, SANS, and DMS measurements. Symmetric SID disorders from the lamellar state, while ISD disorders from hexagonally packed cylinders of D blocks in a mixed matrix of S and I blocks. Block mixing occurs to reduce the number of S−D interactions forced by chemical connectivity in ISD. This drive to minimize unfavorable interactions is the underlying cause of the results outlined in this report.
Study of chromatographic enantioseparation of the esters of N-dinitrobenzoyl (N-DNB) and N-benzoyl (N-B) alpha-amino acids on novel chiral stationary phases containing structurally matching N-DNB and N-B-alpha-AA amides in the chiral selector (2004)

Enantioseparation ability and enantiopreference of chiral stationary phases CSP 1-CSP 3, containing a terminal N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl (N-DNB) unit, and CSP 4, containing a terminal N-benzoyl (N-B) unit, are studied. Separation factors (a) for the two sets of test racemates (TR) that structurally match the chiral selector of these CSPs have been determined. The first set consists of seven N-DNB alpha-amino acid isopropylesters (TR 1A-TR 7A), and the second one of their N-B analogues (TR 1-TR 7). The best enantioseparation (alpha(average) 1.27) is obtained when pi-acceptor DNB unit is present in both TR and CSP. One pi-acceptor unit, either in the analyte or in CSP, suffices for efficient enantioseparation (aaverage L 19). Interaction between pi-neutral units in the CSP and test racemate does not afford effective enantioseparation (alpha(average) 1.03). Using (S)-enantiomers of all TRs as standards, CID detection has revealed regular preference of the CSPs for the enantiomers containing amino acid amide of the same absolute configuration. The possible origin of such enantiopreference is discussed.
Effect of oxygen plasma and thermal oxidation on shallow nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond (2014)

We investigate the effect of two different surface treatments on shallow nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. Short duration oxygen plasma exposure is found to damage near-surface NV centers, resulting in their disappearance in fluorescence images. Subsequent annealing creates large numbers of new NV centers, attributed to plasma-induced vacancy creation. By tracking individual NV centers during thermal oxidation, we show that oxidation at 550 °C results in modest improvement of spin coherence. Higher temperature oxidations correlate with gradual decline in spin coherence and eventual instability of NV centers before ultimate disappearance. This is indicative of a reduction of the NV-to-surface distance due to oxidative etching. Thermal oxidation can offer controlled access to near-surface NV spins at the nanometer scale, an important requirement for many applications of NV-based nanomagnetometry.
Impact modification of PP/wood composites: A new approach using hybrid fibers (2019)

The impact resistance of polypropylene (PP)/wood composites was improved either by the traditional approach of adding an elastomer or by the use of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers. Composites were prepared with various elastomer and PET fiber contents at a constant wood content of 20 wt% for all hybrid composites. Interfacial adhesion was improved by the addition of a maleic anhydride modified PP (MAPP). The components were homogenized in a twin-screw compounder and injection molded into standard tensile bars. Properties were characterized by tensile and impact testing, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied for studying the structure. A combination of acoustic emission measurements (AE) and SEM was used to understand local deformation processes, the results showing that the traditional route of impact modification with elastomers does not work in wood reinforced PP, since the simultaneous fracture of large wood particles and the cavitation of the elastomer result in limited fracture toughness. On the other hand, polymeric fibers (PET) increase the impact resistance of rigid PP homopolymer matrices reinforced with wood fibers, because they initiate new local deformation processes. The concept of using polymeric fibers for the impact modification of rigid PP/wood composites is an efficient way to extend the field of application of such reinforced materials.
Epitope specificity of anti-Adrenomedullin antibodies determines efficacy of mortality reduction in a cecal ligation and puncture mouse model (2013)

An anti-N-terminal ADM antibody, as opposed to antibodies with other epitope specificities, strongly reduces mortality in CLP mice.
Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Hormonal Responses to Noradrenaline in Diabetic Patients with Autonomic Neuropathy (1996)

Denervation hypersensitivity is a well-known phenomenon in patients with autonomic failure. In diabetic autonomic neuropathy hypersensitivity to beta-adrenergic stimulation has been demonstrated. We infused noradrenaline, mainly an alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, in three escalating doses (0.5, 2.5, and 5 micrograms min-1) in three age and sex matched groups of eight subjects: healthy volunteers, diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy. During steady state in each infusion period we measured heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, hepato-splanchnic blood flow, vascular resistance, glucose kinetics, metabolites (beta-hydroxybuturate, glycerol, and lactate), and glucoregulatory hormones (noradrenaline, adrenaline, growth hormone, pancreatic polypeptide, cortisol, and insulin). Systolic and mean blood pressure increased in all groups but diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy showed a significantly higher increase (p < 0.01) than the other two groups, with a lower threshold for increase in blood pressure. Cardiac output, hepato-splanchnic blood flow, vascular resistance, and heart rate did not change in any of the groups. The incremental increase in glucose and beta-hydroxybuturate was higher in patients with autonomic neuropathy. Otherwise, only minor changes were seen in hormonal and metabolic parameters. The cardiovascular hypersensitivity seen in diabetic autonomic neuropathy was mainly explained by increased peripheral vascular resistance, which increased significantly (p < 0.05) more in these patients. In conclusion, diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy show denervation hypersensitivity to alpha-adrenergic stimulation by noradrenaline, especially as regards cardiovascular effects.
Resveratrol-nitric oxide donor hybrid effect on priapism in sickle cell and nitric oxide-deficient mouse (2022)

Treatment with RVT-FxMe reversed the enhanced NO-cGMP-mediated CC relaxations in eNOS-/- mice, but not in SCD mice; it is likely that excess of plasma hemoglobin in SCD mice act to inactivate NO before it reaches soluble guanylyl cyclase, avoiding restoration of NO bioavailability in penis.
Ex Vivo–Expanded Human Regulatory T Cells Prevent the Rejection of Skin Allografts in a Humanized Mouse Model (2010)

We show for the first time the unique ability of human Tregs to prevent the rejection of a skin allograft in vivo, highlighting the therapeutic potential of these cells clinically.
Self-rectification and depth estimation of stereo video in a real-time smart camera system (2008)

This paper presents a self-rectification stereo vision system based on a real-time, low power, and wireless smart camera platform. The proposed self-rectification method is suitable for an embedded parallel stereo system, where the epipolar lines are parallel to the image scan lines. The stereo images are first aligned by applying 1D signature matching. Then the alignment is refined based on the quality of the disparity measurement. The rectification method can be applied both offline and online. The major advantage of this rectification method is that no clean background is needed during the rectification process. After the rectification, the conjugate epipolar line is collinear. The dense matching method is implemented to achieve the depth map. This depth map provides a tool for segmentation. The application runs in an SIMD video-analysis processor, IC3D, at 30 fps and handles disparity up to 37 pixels in CIF (320times240 pixels) mode.
AERoS: Assurance of Emergent Behaviour in Autonomous Robotic Swarms (2023)

The behaviours of a swarm are not explicitly engineered. Instead, they are an emergent consequence of the interactions of individual agents with each other and their environment. This emergent functionality poses a challenge to safety assurance. The main contribution of this paper is a process for the safety assurance of emergent behaviour in autonomous robotic swarms called AERoS, following the guidance on the Assurance of Machine Learning for use in Autonomous Systems (AMLAS). We explore our proposed process using a case study centred on a robot swarm operating a public cloakroom.
Somatic and germline mutations in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas (2019)

Pituitary adenomas are frequently occurring neoplasms that produce clinically significant disease in 1:1000 of the general population. The pathogenesis of pituitary tumors is a matter of interest as it could help to improve diagnosis and treatment. Until recently, however, disruptions in relatively few genes were known to predispose to pituitary tumor formation. In the last decade, several more genes and pathways have been described. Germline pathogenic variants in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene were found in familial or sporadic pituitary adenomas, usually with an aggressive clinical course. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) pathogenic variants lead to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4) syndrome, in which pituitary adenomas can occur. Xq26.3 duplications involving the gene GPR101 cause X-linked acrogigantism. The pheochomocytoma and/or paraganglioma with pituitary adenoma association (3PAs) syndrome suggests that pathogenic variants in the genes of the succinate dehydrogenase complex or MYC-associated factor X (MAX) might be involved in pituitary tumorigenesis. New recurrent somatic alterations were also discovered in pituitary adenomas, such as, ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) and USP48 pathogenic variants in corticotropinomas. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the genetic pathophysiology of pituitary adenomas and their clinical relevance.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Episomal Expression of Truncated Listeriolysin O in LmddA-LLO–E7 Vaccine Enhances Antitumor Efficacy by Preferentially Inducing Expansions of CD4<sup>+</sup>FoxP3<sup>−</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 6597K, Figure S2. LmddA-LLO-E7 and Lm-E7 induce similar E7-specific CD8+ T-cell response.&lt;/p&gt;
Purification of mammalian tumor (L1210) thymidylate synthetase by affinity chromatography on stable biospecific adsorbent. Stabilization of the enzyme with neutral detergents. (1979)

Thymidylate synthetase from mouse leukemic L1210 cells was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity with 70% yield as a result of an affinity chromatography procedure based on reversible deoxyuridylate-dependent binding of the enzyme to a stable biospecific adsorbent, 10-formyl-5,8-dideazafolate, immobilized on aminoethyl-Sepharose. The presence of neutral detergents, Triton X-100, or Nonidet P40 stabilized thymidylate synthetase during purification. Analytical electrophoresis of the enzyme treated with an excess of 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate showed the presence of two forms of thymidylate synthetase--5-fluorodeoxyuridylate.5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate complex, indicating that there are two binding sites for 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate present on the enzyme molecule. Molecular weight of native thymidylate synthetase was found to be 75,000, whereas that for the monomer was 38,500.
Droplet formation and scaling in dense suspensions (2012)

When a dense suspension is squeezed from a nozzle, droplet detachment can occur similar to that of pure liquids. While in pure liquids the process of droplet detachment is well characterized through self-similar profiles and known scaling laws, we show here the simple presence of particles causes suspensions to break up in a new fashion. Using high-speed imaging, we find that detachment of a suspension drop is described by a power law; specifically we find the neck minimum radius, r(m), scales like near breakup at time τ = 0. We demonstrate data collapse in a variety of particle/liquid combinations, packing fractions, solvent viscosities, and initial conditions. We argue that this scaling is a consequence of particles deforming the neck surface, thereby creating a pressure that is balanced by inertia, and show how it emerges from topological constraints that relate particle configurations with macroscopic Gaussian curvature. This new type of scaling, uniquely enforced by geometry and regulated by the particles, displays memory of its initial conditions, fails to be self-similar, and has implications for the pressure given at generic suspension interfaces.
A structural view of evolutionary divergence (1999)

Two directed evolution experiments on p-nitrobenzyl esterase yielded one enzyme with a 100-fold increased activity in aqueous-organic solvents and another with a 17 degrees C increase in thermostability. Structures of the wild type and its organophilic and thermophilic counterparts are presented at resolutions of 1.5 A, 1.6 A, and 2.0 A, respectively. These structures identify groups of interacting mutations and demonstrate how directed evolution can traverse complex fitness landscapes. Early-generation mutations stabilize flexible loops not visible in the wild-type structure and set the stage for further beneficial mutations in later generations. The mutations exert their influence on the esterase structure over large distances, in a manner that would be difficult to predict. The loops with the largest structural changes generally are not the sites of mutations. Similarly, none of the seven amino acid substitutions in the organophile are in the active site, even though the enzyme experiences significant changes in the organization of this site. In addition to reduction of surface loop flexibility, thermostability in the evolved esterase results from altered core packing, helix stabilization, and the acquisition of surface salt bridges, in agreement with other comparative studies of mesophilic and thermophilic enzymes. Crystallographic analysis of the wild type and its evolved counterparts reveals networks of mutations that collectively reorganize the active site. Interestingly, the changes that led to diversity within the alpha/beta hydrolase enzyme family and the reorganization seen in this study result from main-chain movements.
Effect of Neutrophil Cathepsin G on Elastin Degradation by Neutrophil Elastase (1984)

Human neutrophil cathepsin G was found to be unable to significantly stimulate the degradation of either bovine or human elastin by neutrophil elastase, using four different procedures to monitor digestion. A range of stimulations from 1.1 to 2.9-fold was found, with a 2.0-fold stimulation being the average found with the assays tested. These results contrast with those reported by Boudier et al. [(1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 10256-10258] who reported a five- to seven-fold stimulation of elastolysis of human lung elastin by cathepsin G, when present at a 2:1 molar ratio relative to elastase. Significantly, we found little stimulation of elastolysis with either human or bovine lung elastin as substrate while Boudier et al. found stimulation only with the human elastin. Thus, it would appear that cathepsin G does not play a predominant role as an elastolytic enzyme; rather, its role in this case may be one of binding to non-productive sites on the elastin surface.