gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient data gathering using Compressed Sparse Functions (2013)

Data gathering is one of the core algorithmic and theoretic problems in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a novel approach - Compressed Sparse Functions - to efficiently gather data through the use of highly sophisticated Compressive Sensing techniques. The idea of CSF is to gather a compressed version of a satisfying function (containing all the data) under a suitable function base, and to finally recover the original data. We show through theoretical analysis that our scheme significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of efficiency, while matching them in terms of accuracy. For example, in a binary tree-structured network of n nodes, our solution reduces the number of packets from the best-known O(kn log n) to O(k log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> n), where k is a parameter depending on the correlation of the underlying sensor data. Finally, we provide simulations showing that our solution can save up to 80% of communication overhead in a 100-node network. Extensive simulations further show that our solution is robust, high-capacity and low-delay.
Mathematical modeling to reveal breakthrough mechanisms in the HIV Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) trials (2020)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ongoing Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) trials will uncover whether passive infusion of the broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) VRC01 can protect against HIV acquisition. Previous statistical simulations indicate these trials may be partially protective. In that case, it will be crucial to identify the mechanism of breakthrough infections. To that end, we developed a mathematical modeling framework to simulate the AMP trials and infer the breakthrough mechanisms using measurable trial outcomes. This framework combines viral dynamics with antibody pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and will be generally applicable to forthcoming bNAb prevention trials. We fit our model to human viral load data (RV217). Then, we incorporated VRC01 neutralization using serum pharmacokinetics (HVTN 104) and &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; pharmacodynamics (LANL CATNAP database). We systematically explored trial outcomes by reducing &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; potency and varying the distribution of sensitivity to VRC01 in circulating strains. We found trial outcomes could be used in a clinical trial regression model (CTRM) to reveal whether partially protective trials were caused by large fractions of VRC01-resistant (IC50&gt;50 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;g/mL) circulating strains or rather a global reduction in VRC01 potency against all strains. The former mechanism suggests the need to enhance neutralizing antibody breadth; the latter suggests the need to enhance VRC01 delivery and/or &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; binding. We will apply the clinical trial regression model to data from the completed trials to help optimize future approaches for passive delivery of anti-HIV neutralizing antibodies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Simultaneous measurement of rock permeability and effective porosity using laser-polarized noble gas NMR (2004)

We report simultaneous measurements of the permeability and effective porosity of oil-reservoir rock cores using one-dimensional NMR imaging of the penetrating flow of laser-polarized xenon gas. The permeability result agrees well with industry standard techniques, whereas effective porosity is not easily determined by other methods. This NMR technique may have applications to the characterization of fluid flow in a wide variety of porous and granular media.
Holistic Understanding of Best Engineering Practice to Extend Cooling Limit of Next Generations of GPU (2022)

The thermal design power (TDP) and power density of microelectronics is increasing abruptly. The ever-increasing trend of localization of power is the result of heterogeneous integration of different silicon dies on a single package. Air cooling is no longer sufficient to meet these challenging requirements. An aggressive cooling solution is needed to keep up with the surge in electronics power density. The paper explains the history of indirect two-phase liquid cooling using refrigerants. IBM has disclosed several patents where they used refrigerant or liquid nitrogen to cool high density electronic circuit packages. The paper also explains the deployment of extended cooling using indirect liquid cooling and immersion cooling in the late 1980 where Fujitsu and Cray deployed immersion cooling for their system and IBM deployed indirect liquid cooling for their Z series products. This work presents comprehensive analysis of single-phase liquid cooling of high-power electronic packages using cold plate. A customized test vehicle is used for the thermal evaluation of the performance of the indirect liquid cooling solutions. The TTV was tested with a uniform power map of 500W, and the liquid cooling solution was used by attaching the cold plate to the silicon die. The coolant used in the experiment is PG-25, maintained at the constant temperature using a chiller, and flow rate was varied from 0.5LPM to 1.5LPM. The result shows a Rhs of 0.015°C/Wat lLPM flow rate. Furthermore, the paper also compares the current performance of single-phase liquid cooling with micro fluidic cooling, two-phase liquid cooling, and immersion cooling. The comparison shows the better performance of indirect liquid cooling compared to immersion liquid. In addition, there are other critical concerns like reliability, cost, contamination, and use of optical devices need to be addressed before implementing immersion cooling in large scale data centers.
Morphological Changes in Leukemic Lymphoblasts and Normal Lymphocytes Treated with Deoxyadenosine Plus Deoxycoformycin (1985)

It remains unclear how lympholysis occurs in children with an inherited deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and in leukemic patients undergoing treatment with an inhibitor of ADA, deoxycoformycin. Adenosine deaminase deficiency with subsequent lympholysis can be simulated in vitro by treatment of lymphoid cells with deoxyadenosine plus deoxycoformycin. We found that such in vitro treatment caused fragmentation of the nucleus, disintegration of nuclear chromatin, and the formation of cytoplasmic blebs in T-lymphoblast lines, but not in B-lymphoblast lines. For all but one of the cell lines tested, the extent of morphological changes paralleled the sensitivity to growth inhibition by deoxyadenosine plus deoxycoformycin. Similar morphological changes were observed in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with deoxyadenosine plus deoxycoformycin. These morphological changes were energy-dependent processes. They were preceded by inhibition of DNA synthesis and deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) accumulation, but followed by depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and cell lysis. These changes may represent an intermediate step between metabolic alterations and lympholysis.
Experimental investigation of layer-by-layer metallic photonic crystals (1998)

The authors have investigated the transmission properties and defect characteristics of layer-by-layer metallic photonic crystals. Thay have demonstrated experimentally that the metallicity gap of these crystals extends to an upper band-edge frequency, and no lower edge was detected down to 2 GHz. The defect structures built around these crystals exhibited high transmission peak amplitudes (100%) and high Q factors (2250). The crystals with low filling ratios (around 1–2%) were tested and were still found to possess metallic photonic crystal properties. These crystals exhibited high reflection rates within the metallicity gap and reasonable defect mode characteristics. A power enhancement factor of 190 was measured for the electromagnetic (EM) wave within planar cavity structures, by placing a monopole antenna inside the defect volume. These measurements show that detectors embedded inside a metallic photonic crystal can be used as frequency selective resonant cavity enhanced (RCE) detectors with increased sensitivity and efficiency when compared to conventional detectors.
Three-Dimensional MRI Volumetric Measurements of the Normal Fetal Colon (2009)

This study yielded preliminary volumetric measurements of the normal fetal colon at 20-37 weeks of gestational age that suggest the fetal colon grows exponentially.
Growth of GaN Layer and Characterization of Light-Emitting Diode Using Random-Cone Patterned Sapphire Substrate (2009)

GaN was grown on a random-cone patterned sapphire substrate (RC-PSS) fabricated by natural lithography via metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies were performed to investigate the growth mode of the GaN layer on the RC-PSS. Some dislocations generated at the GaN/sapphire interface were bent and annihilated by lateral overgrowth and selective area growth. Dislocation density decreased with increasing cone density. The external quantum efficiency of the light-emitting diode on the RC-PSS was 49.5% at a current injection of 20 mA. An improvement in output power was indicated by increases in light extraction efficiency and crystalline quality owing to the use of the RC-PSS. The light extraction efficiency of the LED on the RC-PSS was estimated to be 86.8%.
tPA‐S481A prevents impairment of cerebrovascular autoregulation by endogenous tPA after traumatic brain injury by upregulating p38 MAPK and inhibiting ET‐1 (1068.13) (2014)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes loss of cerebrovascular autoregulation. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) isoforms ERK and JNK and ET‐1 are mediators of impaired cerebral hemodynamics after TBI. Excessive tPA released after TBI may impair autoregulation either by over‐activating NMDA receptors (NMDA‐Rs) or by predisposing to intracranial hemorrhage. Our work shows that a catalytically inactive tPA variant (tPA‐S 481 A) that competes with wild type (wt) tPA for binding to NMDA‐R through its receptor docking site but that cannot activate it, prevents activation of ERK by wt tPA and impairment of autoregulation when administered 30 min after FPI. We investigated the ability of variants that lack proteolytic activity but bind/block activation of NMDA‐Rs by wt tPA (tPA‐S 481 A), don’t bind/block activation of NMDA‐Rs but are proteolytic (tPA‐A 296‐299 ), or neither bind/block NMDA‐Rs nor are proteolytic (tPA‐A 296‐299 S 481 A) to prevent impairment of autoregulation after TBI and the role of MAPK and ET‐1 in such effects. Fluid percussion brain injury was induced in anesthetized pigs equipped with a closed cranial window. Results show that tPA‐S 481 A given 3h post TBI, but not tPA‐A 296‐299 or tPA‐A 29‐299 S 481 A prevents impaired autoregulation by upregulating p38 and inhibiting ET‐1. These data suggest that tPA‐S 481 A has a realistic therapeutic window and focuses intervention on NMDA‐Rs to improve outcome. Grant Funding Source : Supported by HD 57355
UKRIGS/Earth Science On-Site: a contribution to the dialogue between Earth Science colleagues in Higher Education departments, and those in Secondary schools (2008)

In recent years, the sustainability of Earth Science as a discipline has become more of an issue for schools, Higher Education (HE) and industry. As a result, stronger links between these groups are becoming a focus. Since the advent of a National Curriculum, Earth Science has been increasingly taught by non-Earth Science specialists and the teaching of fieldwork in schools has reduced. This paper outlines, for the HE community, some good practice being implemented at a school level to support non-specialist Earth Science teachers to teach fieldwork.
Economical Applications of All-Optical Networks (1995)

The emergence of optical amplifiers, wavelength division multiplexing capabilities, and more recently, optical cross connection for application in fiber optic networks has popularized the concept of an all-optical network to provide a flexible physical layer for transport networks capable of delivering the very large capacities required. It remains a challenge to not only overcome the considerable technological challenges toward this end, but also to understand applications of these technologies and the networks they enable and the intrinsic economic benefits they will bring to network operators and their end users. This paper considers the economic incentives for developing all-optical network capabilities.
Power minimization in QoS sensitive systems (2004)

The majority of modern multimedia and mobile systems have two common denominators: quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, such as latency and synchronization, and strict energy constraints. However, until now no synthesis techniques have been proposed for the design and efficient use of such systems. We have two main objectives: conceptual and synthesis. The conceptual objective is to develop a generic practical technique for the automatic development of online adaptive algorithms from efficient off-line algorithms using statistical techniques. The synthesis objective is to introduce the first design technique for QoS low-power synthesis. We introduce a system of provably-optimal techniques that minimize energy consumption of stream-oriented applications under two main QoS metrics: latency and synchronization. Specifically, we study how multiple voltages can be used to simultaneously satisfy hardware constraints and minimize power consumption while preserving the requested level of QoS. The purpose of the off-line algorithm is threefold. First, it is used as input to statistical software which is used to identify important and relevant parameters of the processes. Second, the algorithm provides buffer occupancy rate indicators. Lastly, it provides a way to combine buffer occupancy and QoS metrics to form a fast and efficient online algorithm. The effectiveness of the algorithms is demonstrated on a number of standard multimedia benchmarks.
Properties, characteristics and applications of microbubbles for sonothrombolysis (2014)

Microbubble enhancement of thrombolysis is supported by a broad range of in vitro and in vivo evidence that demonstrates improved lysis compared to conventional drug treatment or ultrasound without microbubbles. Clinically, this is shown by accelerated recanalisation of occluded arteries; however, further research is needed to ensure patient safety. Before such techniques can enter widespread clinical practice, an improved understanding of the role of microbubbles in sonothrombolysis is required, in addition to demonstration of significant improvement over existing treatments and the development of reliable real-time monitoring protocols.
Effect of Elevated Homocysteine Levels on Clinical Restenosis following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (2002)

Since hyperhomocysteinemia confers a prothrombotic effect and promotes proliferation of smooth muscle cells in response to vascular injury, it might be implicated in the pathogenesis of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Our study comprised 55 patients who underwent successful PCI in the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) course. Homocysteine levels were determined within 24 h of admission. During a 1-year follow-up, 16 patients (31%) underwent repeated coronary angiography for recurrent angina or re-infarction, which demonstrated re-narrowing of > or =50% at the qualifying PCI site (clinical restenosis). Irrespective of stent deployment, clinical restenosis was not associated with higher homocysteine levels (12 +/- 7 vs. 14 +/- 11 micromol/l, p = 0.77). There was no correlation between homocysteine levels and time to restenosis (r(2) = 0.06, p = 0.35). In conclusion, elevated homocysteine levels do not predict a higher incidence of restenosis after PCI.
Estimating mobile application energy consumption using program analysis (2013)

Optimizing the energy efficiency of mobile applications can greatly increase user satisfaction. However, developers lack viable techniques for estimating the energy consumption of their applications. This paper proposes a new approach that is both lightweight in terms of its developer requirements and provides fine-grained estimates of energy consumption at the code level. It achieves this using a novel combination of program analysis and per-instruction energy modeling. In evaluation, our approach is able to estimate energy consumption to within 10% of the ground truth for a set of mobile applications from the Google Play store. Additionally, it provides useful and meaningful feedback to developers that helps them to understand application energy consumption behavior.
Variability of ascending aorta diameter measurements as assessed with electrocardiography-gated multidetector computerized tomography and computer assisted diagnosis software☆ (2009)

Recently, morphometric measurements of the ascending aorta have been done with ECG-gated multidector computerized tomography (MDCT) to help the development of future novel transcatheter therapies (TCT); nevertheless, the variability of such measurements remains unknown. Thirty patients referred for ECG-gated CT thoracic angiography were evaluated. Continuous reformations of the ascending aorta, perpendicular to the centerline, were obtained automatically with a commercially available computer aided diagnosis (CAD). Then measurements of the maximal diameter were done with the CAD and manually by two observers (separately). Measurements were repeated one month later. The Bland-Altman method, Spearman coefficients, and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to evaluate the variability, the correlation, and the differences between observers. The interobserver variability for maximal diameter between the two observers was up to 1.2 mm with limits of agreement [-1.5, +0.9] mm; whereas the intraobserver limits were [-1.2, +1.0] mm for the first observer and [-0.8, +0.8] mm for the second observer. The intraobserver CAD variability was 0.8 mm. The correlation was good between observers and the CAD (0.980-0.986); however, significant differences do exist (P<0.001). The maximum variability observed was 1.2 mm and should be considered in reports of measurements of the ascending aorta. The CAD is as reproducible as an experienced reader.
Quantitative hypermethylation of NMDAR2B in human gastric cancer (2007)

NMDA receptor Type 2B (NMDAR2B) is a candidate TSG first identified in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). To evaluate NMDAR2B methylation in gastric cancer progression, we performed quantitative methylation-specific PCR (MSP), RT-PCR and immnunohistochemistry (IHC) in primary gastric tissues and colony formation assays in gastric cancer cell lines. We found that the expression of NMDAR2B was reactivated by the demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, with or without trichostatin A in gastric cancer cell lines. Moreover, inactivation of NMDAR2B was found to be closely correlated with promoter methylation status in gastric cell lines and primary gastric tumors. IHC data also showed that NMDAR2B was specifically expressed in gastric epithelial cells and its expression was diminished or absent in gastric cancer epithelium. Quantitative analysis of NMDAR2B promoter methylation showed 61% (17/28) hypermethylation in primary gastric tumors versus 5% (1/20) in normal gastric tissues from nongastric cancer patients. Forced over-expression of NMDAR2B in gastric cancer cell lines significantly inhibited cell colony formation. Taken together, the above results suggest that NMDAR2B methylation is a common and important biologically relevant event in gastric cancer progression.
Multi-Dimensional Flow-Preserving Compressed Sensing (MuFloCoS) for Time-Resolved Velocity-Encoded Phase Contrast MRI (2014)

4-D time-resolved velocity-encoded phase-contrast MRI (4-D PCI) is a fully non-invasive technique to assess hemodynamics in vivo with a broad range of potential applications in multiple cardiovascular diseases. It is capable of providing quantitative flow values and anatomical information simultaneously. The long acquisition time, however, still inhibits its wider clinical use. Acceleration is achieved at present using parallel MRI (pMRI) techniques which can lead to substantial loss of image quality for higher acceleration factors. Both the high-dimensionality and the significant degree of spatio-temporal correlation in 4-D PCI render it ideally suited for recently proposed compressed sensing (CS) techniques. We propose the Multi-Dimensional Flow-preserving Compressed Sensing (MuFloCoS) method to exploit these properties. A multi-dimensional iterative reconstruction is combined with an interleaved sampling pattern (I-VT), an adaptive masked and weighted temporal regularization (TMW) and fully automatically obtained vessel-masks. The performance of the novel method was analyzed concerning image quality, feasibility of acceleration factors up to 15, quantitative flow values and diagnostic accuracy in phantom experiments and an in vivo carotid study with 18 volunteers. Comparison with iterative state-of-the-art methods revealed significant improvements using the new method, the temporal normalized root mean square error of the peak velocity was reduced by 45.32% for the novel MuFloCoS method with acceleration factor 9. The method was furthermore applied to two patient cases with diagnosed high-grade stenosis of the ICA, which confirmed the performance of MuFloCoS to produce valuable results in the presence of pathological findings in 56 s instead of over 8 min (full sampling).
Perlecan domain V modulates astrogliosis In vitro and after focal cerebral ischemia through multiple receptors and increased nerve growth factor release (2011)

Astrogliosis constitutes part of the central nervous system's physiological response to injury. Considered for decades to be a major challenge for brain repair, recent studies have highlighted it as a promoter of such repair mechanisms. Recently, our group demonstrated the ability of perlecan domain V (DV) to be a novel potential stroke therapy by its neuroprotective effects. However, the potential for DV to modulate astrogliosis has not been investigated. The aim of this study is to better understand the relevance of DV to astrogliosis using both in vitro and in vivo rodent models. Notably, under basal conditions, astrocytes express all three DV receptors described in the literature: integrin α2β1, α5β1, and α-dystroglycan (αDG). DV promoted astrocyte cell adhesion, cell migration as well as astrocyte stellation. Moreover, DV induced nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion through a αDG- and ERK-dependent pathway. In contrast, α2β1 or α5β1 mediated DV antiproliferative effects in astrocytes. NGF production after DV treatment acted as a strong anti-proliferative agent. Another remarkable effect of DV was that it decreased several markers of astrogliosis such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurocan and phosphacan both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the role of DV as a potential modulator of postinjury during late astrogliosis, and eventually the onset of glial scarring. Taken together, our study demonstrates the ability of DV to modulate key events of astrogliosis by promoting early astrogliosis and inhibiting glial scar formation, suggesting an additional therapeutic benefit of DV for recovery from stroke. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.