gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facies Sequence and Cryptic Imprint of Sag Tectonics in the Late Proterozoic Sirbu Shale, Central India (2002)

This paper examines the upper section (<185 m) of the late Proterozoic Sirbu Shale, central India, laid down in a storm-dominated shelf and lagoonal palaeoenvironment. Five of the six facies are laterally extensive, cyclical, interbedded shale-siltstone/fine sandstone. They generally have gradational mutual transitions and are amenable to palaeogeographical interpretation. The sixth facies is a coarse sandstone of low textural/ mineralogical maturity, confined to a localized occurrence and encased by one of the deeper shelf facies. The coarser interbeds bear storm signatures in all the facies. Current-formed features below storm beds record dominantly shore-parallel flow, although a shore-normal component is also evident. In the westward-opening intracratonic sag basin where deposition took place, the shelf succession built up as an overall prograding highstand systems tract that is divisible into a number of metre-scale parasequences. Slump features on top of each of the parasequences correlate the intervening marine flooding events with NE–SW extensional events and resultant landward subsidence. Fischer plots of parasequences reveal another, cryptic low-frequency depositional cyclicity. Troughs in the Fischer curves, denoting the longer cycle, roughly coincide with selective occurrence of NE–SW trending slide planes, implying superimposition of a NW–SE extension on the more frequent NE–SW extension. Enhanced subsidence is thus suggested at longer intervals owing to simultaneous orthogonal extension. The NE–SW extension reflects occasional readjustment of underlying rift blocks, whereas the NW–SE extension was possibly related to a plate-margin process. The resultant shelf basin probably assumed a NW–SE elongated, oval geometry with a dominant NE or landward-sloping flank. Plotting of shelf succession thickness downwards from a datum plane at a large number of locations simulates a three-dimensional basin configuration, as predicted from the inferred basin dynamics.
Channel Estimation with Hybrid Reconfigurable Intelligent Metasurfaces (2022)

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are envisioned to play a key role in future wireless communications, enabling programmable radio propagation environments. They are usually considered as almost passive planar structures that operate as adjustable reflectors, giving rise to a multitude of implementation challenges, including the inherent difficulty in estimating the underlying wireless channels. In this paper, we focus on the recently conceived concept of Hybrid Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (HRISs), which do not solely reflect the impinging waveform in a controllable fashion, but are also capable of sensing and processing an adjustable portion of it. We first present implementation details for this metasurface architecture and propose a convenient mathematical model for characterizing its dual operation. As an indicative application of HRISs in wireless communications, we formulate the individual channel estimation problem for the uplink of a multi-user HRIS-empowered communication system. Considering first a noise-free setting, we theoretically quantify the advantage of HRISs in notably reducing the amount of pilots needed for channel estimation, as compared to the case of purely reflective RISs. We then present closed-form expressions for the MSE performance in estimating the individual channels at the HRISs and the base station for the noisy model. Based on these derivations, we propose an automatic differentiation-based first-order optimization approach to efficiently determine the HRIS phase and power splitting configurations for minimizing the weighted sum-MSE performance. Our numerical evaluations demonstrate that HRISs do not only enable the estimation of the individual channels in HRIS-empowered communication systems, but also improve the ability to recover the cascaded channel, as compared to existing methods using passive and reflective RISs.
Experimental measurements and computer modeling of charge relaxation on surfaces of polymeric insulating materials (2007)

The paper focuses on analysis of experimental data and results of computer simulations on dynamics and relaxation of surface charges deposited on EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) and SIR (silicone rubber) samples by positive impulse corona in air. Mechanisms affecting surface charging and charge decay are discussed.
Targeting Androgen Receptor and DNA Repair in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Results From NCI 9012 (2017)

Purpose To determine whether cotargeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 plus androgen receptor is superior to androgen receptor inhibition in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and whether ETS fusions predict response. Patients and Methods Patients underwent metastatic site biopsy and were stratified by ETS status and randomly assigned to abiraterone plus prednisone without (arm A) or with veliparib (arm B). Primary objectives were: confirmed prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate (RR) and whether ETS fusions predicted response. Secondary objectives were: safety, measurable disease RR (mRR), progression-free survival (PFS), and molecular biomarker analysis. A total of 148 patients were randomly assigned to detect a 20% PSA RR improvement. Results A total of 148 patients with mCRPC were randomly assigned: arm A, n = 72; arm B, n = 76. There were no differences in PSA RR (63.9% v 72.4%; P = .27), mRR (45.0% v 52.2%; P = .51), or median PFS (10.1 v 11 months; P = .99). ETS fusions did not predict response. Exploratory analysis of tumor sequencing (80 patients) revealed: 41 patients (51%) were ETS positive, 20 (25%) had DNA-damage repair defect (DRD), 41 (51%) had AR amplification or copy gain, 34 (43%) had PTEN mutation, 33 (41%) had TP53 mutation, 39 (49%) had PIK3CA pathway activation, and 12 (15%) had WNT pathway alteration. Patients with DRD had significantly higher PSA RR (90% v 56.7%; P = .007) and mRR (87.5% v 38.6%; P = .001), PSA decline ≥ 90% (75% v 25%; P = .001), and longer median PFS (14.5 v 8.1 months; P = .025) versus those with wild-type tumors. Median PFS was longer in patients with normal PTEN (13.5 v 6.7 months; P = .02), TP53 (13.5 v 7.7 months; P = .01), and PIK3CA (13.8 v 8.3 months; P = .03) versus those with mutation or activation. In multivariable analysis adjusting for clinical covariates, DRD association with PFS remained significant. Conclusion Veliparib and ETS status did not affect response. Exploratory analysis identified a novel DRD association with mCRPC outcomes.
Syllectometry: the effect of aggregometer geometry in the assessment of red blood cell shape recovery and aggregation (2003)

Syllectometry is a measuring method that is commonly used to assess red blood cell (RBC) aggregability. In syllectometry, light is incident on a layer of whole blood initially exposed to shear flow. The backscattered light is measured after abruptly stopping the driving mechanism. The resultant time-dependent intensity plot is called the syllectogram. Parameters that quantify RBC aggregability are obtained by analyzing the syllectogram. As we will show in this paper, the upstroke in the initial part of the syllectogram contains the information for measurement of RBC-shape recovery in whole blood as well. To estimate RBC-shape recovery, we extended the existing two-exponential mathematical representation of the syllectogram by a third exponent that describes the upstroke. To investigate the feasibility of RBC-shape recovery measurement from the upstroke, we derived an analytical model of the flow decay that follows after abruptly stopping the driving mechanism. The model reveals that for large gaps the flow decay may interfere with the true RBC-shape recovery process. These theoretical findings were confirmed by velocity measurements in a Couette-type aggregometer. Syllectograms obtained using large gaps differ in many respects from those obtained using small gaps. As predicted by our model large gaps show a prolonged apparent shape-recovery time-constant. Moreover, a delayed intensity peak, a reduced upstroke of the intensity peak and a considerable increase of the half-life parameter are observed. The aggregation indices for large gaps are lower than for small gaps. This paper yields a better understanding of the velocity and shear-rate decay following upon abruptly stopping the driving mechanism. A better mathematical representation of the syllectogram and recommendations for a maximum gap width enables both RBC-shape recovery and aggregation measurements in whole blood using syllectometry.
Optimum measurement temperature for elucidating incomplete phase separation in core‐shell latexes by solid state NMR (1996)

Abstract Core‐shell latexes with a core of poly(buty1 acrylate) (PBuA) and a shell of poly(methyl methacrylate) were studied by solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods at different temperatures. 13 C cross polarization/magic angle spinning spectra show differences in mobility in the mobile PBuA phase. In spin‐diffusion experiments the sensitivity of the NMR parameters towards the interphase structure and towards the entire core‐shell structure changes with varying temperature. For an efficient characterization of interphase structures in core‐shell systems the measuring temperature has to be optimized, i.e. the mobility gradient between the two phases within the particle must be sufficiently high to allow for effective selection by the dipolar filter. Yet, the spin diffusion coefficient of the mobile component should be high enough to allow quantitative evaluation of length scales. It is shown that a measuring temperature of about 60–70 K above the glass transition temperature of the mobile component represents an optimum for fulfilling the different requirements simultaneously.
Medicinal Chemistry of Paclitaxel (1994)

Chemical, conformational and structure-activity studies of taxol and related taxanes are detailed. Semisynthetic methodology for the preparation of taxol and related analogues with modified C-l3 phenylisoserine side chains was developed and analogues, modified at the C-3′ phenyl group and the N-benzoyl group, were prepared. 3′-Cyclohexyl and 2-cyclohexylcarbonyl taxol analogues and C-13 side chain homologated derivatives were synthesized. Methods for the selective hydrolysis of all ester groups in baccatin III and the conversion of 4-deacetylbaccatin III to 4-deacetyltaxol are reported. Reduction of taxanes with samarium diiodide provided 10-deacetyl derivatives as well as 9-dihydrotaxanes. Conformational analysis of taxol and other bioactive derivatives demonstrated the formation of hydrophobically clustered conformations in aqueous solvents.
Elastodynamic Redatumming for VSP Salt Dome Flank Imaging (2007)

In this paper we construct an application methodology for the theoretical elastodynamic redatumming work by Wapenaar (2006) to be able to approximate its use in the problem of imaging a salt dome flank using a walk away VSP (WVSP). Different from acoustic redatumming where only one quantity, the pressure, is involved, full elastodynamic redatumming requires both P-wave source and S-wave sources with different polarizations. We approximate these P-wave and S-wave sources by implementing a shooting pattern for each shot position of an ordinary WVSP acquisition. We create a synthetic WVSP dataset with modified shooting pattern for a model composed of a simplified Gulf of Mexico vertical-velocity gradient, an embedded overhanging salt dome together with a nearby salt canopy. To process these data, we first compile the raw dataset due to the shooting pattern into a new dataset which approximates common receiver gathers due to P-wave source and S-wave sources, respectively. We then apply elastodynamic redatumming to this new dataset to mimic the response between different components for downhole source and receiver pairs. The reconstructed traces show a good match to the traces in the benchmark case, which we create by firing actual downhole sources and recording the responses at all downhole receivers. Instead of a more proper, full elastic migration, we apply simple acoustic migration on individual components of the full elastic Green’s functions to produce pre-stack depth migrated images of the salt dome flank and the dipping sediments. By performing four migrations of these components, we obtain very good separate images of the subsurface using predominately either P or S wave energy. The horizontal sediments and vertical salt flank decouple and appear on separate images.
Neonatal 24'Hour Urinary C^Peptide and Birth Weight in Infants of Diabetic Mothers (1999)

AbstractObjective: Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between the birth weights and 24-h urinary C-peptide in infants of diabetic mothers.Methods: Sixty pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus (DM) were enrolled. Neonatal urine was collected for the first and second 24 h for measuring C-peptide. Birth weights were classified into 3 categories according to the Japanese standard curves; heavy-for-date (HFD), appropriate-for-date (AFD), and light-for-date (LFD). Unpaired t-test was used for comparison of 24-h urinary C-peptide in the 3 birth weight categories, with P-value <0.05. There were 7 HFD, 47 AFD, and 6 LFD infants. Birth weight averaged 3.9 ± 0.7, 3.0 ± 0.4, and 2.3 ± 0.3 kg, respectively.Results: Insulin concentrations of the umbilical artery were significantly higher in HFD than in AFD, and significantly higher in AFD than in LFD (49.5 ± 45.1, 16.8 ± 15.2, and 6.3 ± 6.1 μU/ml). During the first 24 h, urinary C-peptide was significantly higher in HFD than in AFD (2.73 ± 1.52 vs. 0.76 ± 0.81 μg/day), and significantly higher in AFD than in LFD (0.27 ± 0.27). On the second day, there was no longer statistical significance.Conclusions: Measurement of 24-h urinary C-peptide revealed that, among infants of diabetic mothers, HFD infants continue to secrete more insulin than AFD and LFD infants for the first 24 h.Key Words: urinary C-peptidegestational diabetesbirth weight
Functional genomics reveals serine synthesis is essential in PHGDH-amplified breast cancer (2011)

Cancer cells adapt their metabolic processes to drive macromolecular biosynthesis for rapid cell growth and proliferation[superscript 1, 2]. RNA interference (RNAi)-based loss-of-function screening has proven powerful for the identification of new and interesting cancer targets, and recent studies have used this technology in vivo to identify novel tumour suppressor genes[superscript 3]. Here we developed a method for identifying novel cancer targets via negative-selection RNAi screening using a human breast cancer xenograft model at an orthotopic site in the mouse. Using this method, we screened a set of metabolic genes associated with aggressive breast cancer and stemness to identify those required for in vivo tumorigenesis. Among the genes identified, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is in a genomic region of recurrent copy number gain in breast cancer and PHGDH protein levels are elevated in 70% of oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancers. PHGDH catalyses the first step in the serine biosynthesis pathway, and breast cancer cells with high PHGDH expression have increased serine synthesis flux. Suppression of PHGDH in cell lines with elevated PHGDH expression, but not in those without, causes a strong decrease in cell proliferation and a reduction in serine synthesis. We find that PHGDH suppression does not affect intracellular serine levels, but causes a drop in the levels of α-ketoglutarate, another output of the pathway and a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate. In cells with high PHGDH expression, the serine synthesis pathway contributes approximately 50% of the total anaplerotic flux of glutamine into the TCA cycle. These results reveal that certain breast cancers are dependent upon increased serine pathway flux caused by PHGDH overexpression and demonstrate the utility of in vivo negative-selection RNAi screens for finding potential anticancer targets.
Manipulation of a robot by EMG signals using linear multiple regression model (2005)

In this research, a robot was operated by EMG signals using a linear multiple regression model. Myoelectric upper-limb prostheses are one example of an application that employs EMG signals as a control input. However, commercial myoelectric upper-limb prostheses can perform only grasping motions and wrist rotation. Many researches on multifunctionalization of myoelectric upper-limb prostheses have been undertaken, and pattern recognition for discriminating desired motions of hands from EMG signals have been attempted. Artificial neural networks are commonly applied in these cases. Since EMG signals have nonlinear characteristics, it is reasonable to use artificial neural networks to produce accurate nonlinear maps. However, this is not practical because large amounts of training time are necessary before actual use. In this research, signals that predict operation using our linear multiple regression models are generated, and although a learning process is also needed in this method, it takes only a short time. Using this technique, we were able to discern forearm motion and predict an elbow joint angle. The usefulness was verified by an experiment using a robot hand and a robot arm.
Identifying and quantitating defects on chemical vapor deposition grown graphene layers by selected electrochemical deposition of Au nanoparticles (2012)

The defect sites on chemical vapor deposition grown graphene are investigated through the selective electrochemical deposition (SED) of Au nanoparticles. For SED of Au nanoparticles, an engineered potential pulse is applied to the working electrode versus the reference electrode, thereby highlighting the defect sites, which are more reactive relative to the pristine surface. Most defect sites decorated by Au nanoparticles are situated along the Cu grain boundaries, implying that the origin of the defects lies in the synthesis of uneven graphene layers on the rough Cu surface.
Optoelektronische Sensorik (2014)

No AccessHandbuch Bauelemente der OptikApr 2014Optoelektronische SensorikDominik Schön, Jürgen Bretschneider, Markus Keinath and Martin Löffler-MangDominik Schön, Jürgen Bretschneider, Markus Keinath and Martin Löffler-Manghttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446441156.012SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF ShareFacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2014Pages: 345-381Print ISBN: 978-3-446-42625-2eISBN: 978-3-446-44115-6 Copyright & Permissions© 2014 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Probing Bioinspired Transport of Nanoparticles into Polymersomes (2012)

Transmembraner Transport: Photonen- und Fluoreszenzkorrelationsspektroskopie wurden verwendet, um die Internalisierung von Nanopartikeln in ein Modellsystem basierend auf Poly(dimethylsiloxan)-block-(2-methyloxazolin)-Vesikeln zu untersuchen (siehe Bild). Die Messungen liefern Informationen über die Kinetik und Dynamik dieses Transportprozesses in Echtzeit.
Corrigendum (2019)

In the original version of this article, authors Jill L. Silverman and Stephen W. Scherer were listed with incorrect affiliations; this has now been corrected.
Quantum computation for optical networks (2005)

It is now possible to slow the disease progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but documented improvement in the quality of life of ALS patients has been difficult to quantitate. Putative mechanisms involved in motor neuron degeneration in ALS include oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, growth factor deficiency, and glutamate excitotoxicity. Several pharmacological agents that target these potential targets have demonstrated therapeutic potential in animal models with mutations in the gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Many treatments that have been moderately effective in this animal model have not been successfully translated into effective treatments for humans with ALS. Only the glutamate modulator riluzole has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials and is approved for treating ALS. Combination treatments may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to more robustly prolong life and preserve function, but only vitamin E with riluzole has been formally studied in clinical trials, and to date, no combination treatments have been found to be more effective than currently available single agents.
Visual Data Mining (2002)

Never before in history has data been generated at such high volumes as it is today. Exploring and analyzing the vast volumes of data has become increasingly difficult. Information visualization and visual data mining can help to deal with the flood of information. The advantage of visual data exploration is that the user is directly involved in the data mining process. There are a large number of information visualization techniques that have been developed over the last two decades to support the exploration of large data sets. In this star report, we provide an overview of information visualization and visual data mining techniques, and illustrate them using a few examples.
Manipulated Growth of GaAs Nanowires: Controllable Crystal Quality and Growth Orientations via a Supersaturation-Controlled Engineering Process (2012)

Controlling the crystal quality and growth orientation of high performance III–V compound semiconductor nanowires (NWs) in a large-scale synthesis is still challenging, which could restrict the implementation of nanowires for practical applications. Here we present a facile approach to control the crystal structure, defects, orientation, growth rate and density of GaAs NWs via a supersaturation-controlled engineering process by tailoring the chemical composition and dimension of starting AuxGay catalysts. For the high Ga supersaturation (catalyst diameter < 40 nm), NWs can be manipulated to grow unidirectionally along ⟨111⟩ with the pure zinc blende phase with a high growth rate, density and minimal amount of defect concentration utilizing the low-melting-point catalytic alloys (AuGa, Au2Ga, and Au7Ga3 with Ga atomic concentration > 30%), whereas for the low Ga supersaturation (catalyst diameter > 40 nm), NWs are grown inevitably with a mixed crystal orientation and high concentration of defects from high-melting-point alloys (Au7Ga2 with Ga atomic concentration < 30%). In addition to the complicated control of processing parameters, the ability to tune the composition of catalytic alloys by tailoring the starting Au film thickness demonstrates a versatile approach to control the crystal quality and orientation for the uniform NW growth.
ATOMOS: An ATomistic MOdelling Solver for dissipative DFT transport in ultra-scaled HfS2 and Black phosphorus MOSFETs (2019)

A state-of-the-art DFT-NEGF based ATOmistic - MOdelling Solver (ATOMOS) was developed and used to assess the physics and fundamental-performance potential of various scaled mono-layer transition-metal-dichalcogenides and black-phosphorus (BP) MOSFETs down to a gate length of 5 nm, including the effect of electron-phonon scattering. Our study highlights the good scalability and drive-current potential of HfS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and the impact of optical-phonon scattering for BP.
Toward Creation of a Universal NMR Database for the Stereochemical Assignment of Acyclic Compounds:  The Case of Two Contiguous Propionate Units (1999)

[formula: see text] Using triol 1 as a representative example of natural products containing two contiguous propionate units, 13C and 1H NMR databases for the stereochemical assignment of acyclic compounds have been created. Chemical shift increments due to the presence of additional functional groups as well as solvent effects are discussed.