gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robustness Studies of Ultrasound CADx in Breast Cancer Diagnosis (2012)

This chapter will focus on the robustness, or reliability, of computer-aided diagnosis, abbreviated as CADx. In CADx, computerized analysis is used to characterize abnormalities identified by a human user (e.g., a radiologist). CADx is part of the broader area of quantitative imaging (Giger, Chan, &amp; Boone, 2008). Other examples of quantitative imaging applications include computer-aided detection (Drukker, et al., 2002; Drukker, Giger, &amp; Mendelson, 2003), computer-aided prognosis (Bhooshan, et al., 2010), and computer-aided assessment of response to therapy (Shi, et al., 2009; Shiraishi, Li, Appelbaum, Pu, &amp; Doi, 2007). The task of primary interest in this chapter is the diagnosis of breast cancer using sonographic images(i.e., the distinction between benign and malignant breast lesions). The only steps that require human interaction are the identification of suspicious abnormalities prior to the computerized analysis by the CADx system and the interpretation of the CADx results. It is important to note that CADx only provides the radiologist with additional information. The final decision as to whether or not a given abnormality is worrisome lies with the radiologist. In order for CADx to be of potential help it is required that a CADx system demonstrates not only good but also consistent performance. The latter aspect is the focus of this chapter in which the authors will explore causes of variability and investigate CADx performance under different realistic scenarios.
A one‐shot lactate‐editing sequence for localized whole‐body spectroscopy (1988)

A pulse sequence is presented for performing localized lactate-edited proton spectroscopy in the whole-body environment. The sequence is optimized for relatively low field strength (1.5-T) clinical measurements. Characteristics of this method of lactate editing, which makes it more suitable for clinical applications than previous methods, include the following: The "one shot" nature of the method makes it relatively insensitive to patient motion; water suppression is high as all 90 degrees pulses are binomial pulses; and very narrow band rf pulses, such as used in high-field lactate-editing sequences, but which are necessarily very long at low fields, are not required. Further, this lactate editing scheme can be very easily combined with localized spectroscopic measurements.
Towards a realistic SEU effects emulation on SRAM Based FPGAs (2014)

International audience
Table S1 from Dual Inhibition of IGF-1R and ErbB3 Enhances the Activity of Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1&lt;/p&gt;
Identification of a Leu-Ile internalization motif within the cytoplasmic domain of the leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor (1999)

Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signals via a heterodimeric receptor complex comprised of the LIF receptor (LIFR) and the interleukin (IL)-6 signal transducer gp130. Upon binding to its cognate receptor LIF is internalized. In this study, we show that the LIFR is endocytosed independently of gp130. By using a heterochimaeric receptor system we identified a dileucine-based internalization motif within the cytoplasmic domain of the LIFR. Our findings suggest that a heterodimeric LIFR/gp130 complex and homodimeric gp130/gp130 complex are endocytosed via distinct internalization signals.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (1983)

Using electrohydraulic lithotripsy, we removed branched or staghorn calculi from four patients via a percutaneous nephrostomy tract with local anesthesia. There were no serious complications, and the patients were able to resume their preadmission activities immediately after discharge from the hospital. Our experience suggests that, eventually, all upper urinary tract calculi may be treatable by a percutaneous approach. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:73-75)
An end-to-end automated platform process for high-throughput engineering of next-generation multi-specific antibody therapeutics (2021)

Next-generation multi-specific antibody therapeutics (MSATs) are engineered to combine several functional activities into one molecule to provide higher efficacy compared to conventional, mono-specific antibody therapeutics. However, highly engineered MSATs frequently display poor yields and less favorable drug-like properties (DLPs), which can adversely affect their development. Systematic screening of a large panel of MSAT variants in very high throughput (HT) is thus critical to identify potent molecule candidates with good yield and DLPs early in the discovery process. Here we report on the establishment of a novel, format-agnostic platform process for the fast generation and multiparametric screening of tens of thousands of MSAT variants. To this end, we have introduced full automation across the entire value chain for MSAT engineering. Specifically, we have automated the in-silico design of very large MSAT panels such that it reflects precisely the wet-lab processes for MSAT DNA library generation. This includes mass saturation mutagenesis or bulk modular cloning technologies while, concomitantly, enabling library deconvolution approaches using HT Sanger DNA sequencing. These DNA workflows are tightly linked to fully automated downstream processes for compartmentalized mammalian cell transfection expression, and screening of multiple parameters. All sub-processes are seamlessly integrated with tailored workflow supporting bioinformatics. As described here, we used this platform to perform multifactor optimization of a next-generation bispecific, cross-over dual variable domain-Ig (CODV-Ig). Screening of more than 25,000 individual protein variants in mono- and bispecific format led to the identification of CODV-Ig variants with over 1,000-fold increased potency and significantly optimized production titers, demonstrating the power and versatility of the platform.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Characterization, and Catalysis of a Modified ZSM‐5 Zeolite (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Drugs and Vaccines Will Be Necessary to Control Tuberculosis (2020)

For most infectious diseases, vaccines are used to prevent infection and drugs are used for acute therapy and eradication of established infections [...]
Long plasma channels in segmented capillary discharges (2006)

Guided propagation of ultrashort (100fs) high intensity (1016Wcm−2) laser pulses over distances up to 12.6cm using optimized segmented capillary is reported. A new diagnostic technique is presented in which the transport of a guided laser pulse at different delay times from the initiation of the discharge is sampled on a single discharge shot. The current waveform was optimized to obtain a long lasting, deep radial profile. Radial profiles with the maximal electron density from 4×1017 to 2×1018cm−3 and up to 25% deep were obtained thereby, whereas longitudinal profiles were found to be remarkably uniform. The potential application of these long channels to the laser wake field accelerator is discussed.
The Absence of GH Signaling Affects the Susceptibility to High-Fat Diet-Induced Hypothalamic Inflammation in Male Mice (2014)

GH is important in metabolic control, and mice with disruption of the gene encoding the GH receptor (GHR) and GH binding protein (GHR-/- mice) are dwarf with low serum IGF-1 and insulin levels, high GH levels, and increased longevity, despite their obesity and altered lipid and metabolic profiles. Secondary complications of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity are reported to be associated with hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis. Because GH and IGF-1 can modulate inflammatory processes, our objective was to evaluate the effect of HFD on hypothalamic inflammation/gliosis in the absence of GH signaling and determine how this correlates with changes in systemic metabolism. On normal chow, GHR-/- mice had a higher percentage of fat mass and increased circulating nonesterified free fatty acids levels compared with wild type (WT), and this was associated with increased hypothalamic TNF-α and phospho-JNK levels. After 7 weeks on a HFD, both WT and GHR-/- mice had increased weight gain, with GHR-/- mice having a greater rise in their percentage of body fat. In WT mice, HFD-induced weight gain was associated with increased hypothalamic levels of phospho-JNK and the microglial marker Iba-1 (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1) but decreased cytokine production. Moreover, in GHR-/- mice, the HFD decreased hypothalamic inflammatory markers to WT levels with no indication of gliosis. Thus, the GH/IGF-1 axis is important in determining not only adipose tissue accrual but also the inflammatory response to HFD. However, how hypothalamic inflammation/gliosis is defined will determine whether it can be considered a common feature of HFD-induced obesity.
Structure and evolution of online social networks (2006)

In this paper, we consider the evolution of structure within large online social networks. We present a series of measurements of two such networks, together comprising in excess of five million people and ten million friendship links, annotated with metadata capturing the time of every event in the life of the network. Our measurements expose a surprising segmentation of these networks into three regions: singletons who do not participate in the network; isolated communities which overwhelmingly display star structure; and a giant component anchored by a well-connected core region which persists even in the absence of stars.We present a simple model of network growth which captures these aspects of component structure. The model follows our experimental results, characterizing users as either passive members of the network; inviters who encourage offline friends and acquaintances to migrate online; and linkers who fully participate in the social evolution of the network.
Etiology of infantile enteritis in South Africa. (1979)

Infantile enteritis constitutes a major health problem in developing countries. Several investigations into the etiology of this condition among various South African populations have been undertaken during the past few years. Recent studies of black urban infants have revealed that salmonellae, shigellae, enterotoxigenic Enterobacteriaceae, and rotaviruses play a relatively minor role in infantile enteritis. On the other hand, all studies, including a number performed several years ago, have demonstrated that Escherichia coli strains belonging to traditional enteropathogenic serotypes are more frequently recovered from patients with diarrhea than from matched control subjects. These bacteria are particularly prominent during the summer months at the height of the annual gastroenteritis epidemic. Recent studies have indicated the importance of Campylobacter fetus in infantile enteritis, especially in children younger than nine months. The data point to a complex multiple etiology of infantile enteritis in South Africa, which will require clarification before specific preventive measures can be instituted.
Mm-Wave dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with wide bandwidth for the future wireless networks (2016)

This paper represents the design of a compact dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for the future fifth generation (5G) applications. The antenna consists of a cylindrical-ring dielectric resonator (DR) mounted on a low-cost FR-4 surface, and a full ground plane. The antenna is fed by a coaxial probe with its inner conductor located adjacent to the DR. The antenna has good performance in terms of input-matching, gain and efficiency characteristics. The variation of the antenna properties in terms of gain and efficiency are less than 2 and −0.5 dB across its impedance pass-band (20 to 35 GHz for S11<−10 dB). Using the proposed DRA design, the radiation characteristics of 2×2, 4×4, and 8×8 planar arrays are investigated. In addition, the fundamental properties of the 1×8 linear array have been discussed. Simulations have been done to validate the feasibility of the proposed DRA for the future 5G wireless networks.
Bimanual Force Coordination in Parkinson’s Disease Patients with Bilateral Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation (2013)

While bilateral subthalamic DBS has been shown to alleviate gross motor dysfunction, our results indicate that DBS may not provide the same magnitude of benefit to fine motor coordination.
Design and synthesis of metabolically stable chelate-biotin conjugates for pretargeted tumor radioimmunotherapy (1995)

The use of radiolabeled chelate biotin conjugates for targeting antibody-avidin complexes prelocalized on tumors offers the advantage of delivering the radioactivity on a small molecule which exhibits fast tumor localization and rapid whole body clearance. To maximize efficacy, the radiolabeled biotin conjugate should exhibit high serum stability, rapid renal excretion, and uncompromised avidin binding capacity. we determined that the Y-90 labeled 2-(benzylamidocaproyl-biotin)-tetraatzacyclododecane-N, N`, N``, N```- tetraacetic acid conjugate, DOTA-LC-biotin, incubated in serum for 15 minutes, was 98% degraded to a fragment which no longer binds avidin. The synthesis of standards DOTA-benzylamine and 6- amninocaproamido benzyl-DOTA permitted the identification of the site of cleavage as the biotin carboxylamide. To prevent the enzymatic cleavage of the biotin-amide functionality, we designed four amide stabilized DOTA-biotin analogs. The analogs retained favorable biodistribution and avidin binding and showed excellent serum stability. The design of stable chelate biotin conjugates resulted in improved therapeutic efficacy in mice and a Phase I clinical trial has been initiated with a N-methyl biotinamide stabilized conjugate.
Conspeakous VoiGen:Creating Context-Aware Voicesites (2010)

Information technology undoubtedly plays an important role in the socio-economic development of a country. Rapidly evolving ways to access information spread over the Web has benefited people in all aspects of life. However, there still exists vast untapped population at the bottom of pyramid which is aloof from these benefits. Reasons include lack of capital, infrastructure, awareness and illiteracy. Of late, we are seeing researchers going to the field to make information technology (IT) available to this class of people through simple interaction devices such as phone and interaction medium as speech. The idea of using the existing telecom network as a medium to reach information sources led to evolution of World Wide Telecom Web (WWTW). The WWTW enables access to IT services through voice interaction over phone. However due to the limitation of the sequential nature of Voicesite interactions, the cognitive load on the user can be significantly high for complex VoiceSite structures. In this paper, we present a novel system, Conspeakuous VoiGen – an architecture for creating context aware VoiceSites. Conspeakous VoiceSites use contexts --- informative variables such as time, callerID, caller location, various caller preferences --- from the system’s environment to gather useful information and present it in a flow that is more friendly and apt for the caller. The architecture has been implemented using two approaches: one that models the context as a finite state machine; and another that uses the Model-View-Controller approach to enable flexibility of managing the different contextual VoiceSites. The paper evaluates the benefits of the two approaches and presents the usability of the Conspeakuous VoiGen.
Pasteables: A Flexible and Smart “Stick-and-Peel” Wearable Platform for Fitness and Athletics (2022)

Wearable technologies are becoming increasingly popular and transforming our fitness and sports industry. Monitoring health parameters and body activity can help achieve fitness goals, improve sports performance, and aid in physiotherapy. However, state-of-the-art wearable devices are often not flexible, expensive, hard to set up, or have privacy concerns. They are designed and optimized for a specific application with tight hardware-software integration and it is hard or impossible to re-purpose them for diverse use cases. In this paper, we propose a flexible, re-configurable human body movement and health monitoring platform, called "Pasteables". It is a stick-and-peel device (which acts like a band-aid) that attaches to the skin or clothing and can create an on-body network of smart wearables. Given an application, Pasteables can be easily adapted to its requirements while ensuring good performance and privacy. We present the overall architecture, system design steps, and the configuration process. We have designed a set of functional prototypes and configured them for performing a variety of camera-less pose and posture detection tasks, which are important for athletes, professional dancing, physiotherapy, and fitness workouts. We note that the Pasteables can perform pose/posture detection without external stationary reference at low cost and high accuracy.
SubfemtosecondK-Shell Excitation with a Few-Cycle Infrared Laser Field (2012)

Subfemtosecond bursts of extreme ultraviolet radiation, facilitated by a process known as high-order harmonic generation, are a key ingredient for attosecond metrology, providing a tool to precisely initiate and probe ultrafast dynamics in the microcosms of atoms, molecules, and solids. These ultrashort pulses are always, and as a by-product of the way they are generated, accompanied by laser-induced recollisions of electrons with their parent ions. By using a few-cycle infrared (λ(0)=2.1 μm) driving laser, we were able to directly excite high-energy (∼870 eV) inner-shell electrons through laser-induced electron recollision, opening the door to time-resolved studies of core-level and concomitant multielectron dynamics.
Two-Dimensional MEMS Scanner for Dual-Axes Confocal in Vivo Microscopy (2006)

This paper presents a two-dimensional (2-D) MicroElectroMechanical system (MEMS) scanner that enables dual-axes confocal microscopy. Dual-axes confocal microscopy provides high resolution in both transverse and axial directions, and is also well-suited for miniaturization and integration into endoscopes for in vivo imaging. A gimbaled MEMS scanner is fabricated on a double silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer (a silicon wafer bonded on a SOI wafer) and is actuated by self-aligned, vertical, electrostatic combdrives. The imaging capability of the MEMS mirror is successfully demonstrated in a breadboard setup. Reflectance images with a field of view (FOV) of 344 μm × 417 μm are achieved at 8 frames per second. The transverse resolution is 3.94 μm and 6.68 μm for the horizontal and vertical dimensions, respectively.
Simple noninvasive quantification method for measuring myocardial glucose utilization in humans employing positron emission tomography and fluorine-18 deoxyglucose. (1989)

To estimate regional myocardial glucose utilization (rMGU) with positron emission tomography (PET) and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) in humans, we studied a method which simplifies the experimental procedure and is computationally efficient. This imaging approach uses a blood time-activity curve derived from a region of interest (ROI) drawn over dynamic PET images of the left ventricle (LV), and a Patlak graphic analysis. The spillover of radioactivity from the cardiac chambers to the myocardium is automatically removed by this analysis. Estimates of rMGU were obtained from FDG PET cardiac studies of six normal human subjects. Results from this study indicate that the FDG time-activity curve obtained from the LV ROI matched well with the arterial plasma curve. The rMGU obtained by Patlak graphic analysis was in good agreement with direct curve fitting results (r = 0.90). The average standard error of the estimate of the Patlak rMGU was low (3%). These results demonstrate the practical usefulness of a simplified method for the estimation of rMGU in humans by PET. This approach is noninvasive, computationally fast, and highly suited for developing parametric images of myocardial glucose utilization rate.
Utilization and Expenditures of Vertebral Augmentation Continue to Decline: An Analysis in Fee-For-Service (FFS) Recipients from 2009 to 2018 (2021)

This study shows a significant decline in relative utilization patterns of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty procedures, along with reductions in overall expenditures. The inflation-adjusted total expenditures of kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty decreased 21% with an annual decline of 3%. The inflation-adjusted expenditures per 100,000 of Medicare population decreased 40% overall and 5% per year. In addition, vertebroplasty has seen substantial declines in utilization and expenditure patterns compared to kyphoplasty procedures, which showed trends of decline.
Multistep switching phase diagram of ferromagnetic ring structures (2004)

We present a study of the phase diagram for the multistep switching occurring in micrometer-sized ferromagnetic ring structures. The transition from the double to the triple switching is experimentally determined as a function of the geometrical parameters. We find that triple switching involving the vortexcore state is present only for a small range of geometrical parameters, since it requires a large film thickness, a large ring width, and a small inner diameter. The double switching prevails for other geometries. The phase boundary between the switching regimes can be explained by the results of micromagnetic simulations.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐Unsaturated Amides of the Piperine Family. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phase-Based Dual-Microphone Speech Enhancement Using A Prior Speech Model (2006)

This paper proposes a phase-based dual-microphone speech enhancement technique that utilizes a prior speech model. Recently, it has been shown that phase-based dual-microphone filters can result in significant noise reduction in low signal-to-noise ratio [(SNR) less than 10 dB] conditions and negligible distortion at high SNRs (greater than 10 dB), as long as a correct filter parameter is chosen at each SNR. While prior work utilizes a constant parameter for all SNRs, we present an SNR-adaptive filter parameter estimation algorithm that maximizes the likelihood of the enhanced speech features based on a prior speech model. Experimental results using the CARVUI database show significant speech recognition accuracy rate improvement over alternative techniques in low SNR situations (e.g., an improvement of 11% in word error rate (WER) over postfiltering and 23% over delay-and-sum beamforming at 0 dB) and negligible distortion at high SNRs. The proposed adaptive approach also significantly outperforms the original phase-based filter with a constant parameter. Furthermore, it improves the filter's robustness when there are errors in time delay estimation
Treatment of Antipsychotic-Related Akathisia Revisited (2015)

Akathisia remains a prevalent, clinically significant, and therapeutically challenging adverse event associated with antipsychotic treatment. Compelling evidence supports therapeutic efficacy and clinical utility of agents with marked serotonin 2A receptor antagonism, primarily low-dose mirtazapine, as an effective and well-tolerated antiakathisia treatment.