gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
No Plan Survives Contact with the Enemy: On Gains of Coded Multipath over MPTCP in Dynamic Settings (2019)

Systems for assisted and autonomous driving increasingly depend on information received and updated through wireless communication. But wireless communication often faces performance degradation because of its dynamic nature. Using multiple available communication channels, such as WiFi, LTE or 5G New Radio, simultaneously can increase the throughput and reliability, but also increases the dynamics of the system. MPTCP estimates the channel capacity and latency and schedule packets accordingly. However, in conditions with unstable channels MPTCP fails to fully utilize the available capacity. In this paper, we propose the use of Network Coding to efficiently utilize the available resources. We use a channel agnostic, random scheduler to maximize the utilization of all available channels. This prevents underestimations, but also produces a high number of packet loss and duplicate transmissions. We use Network Coding to repair the losses and reduce the overhead of redundant data. Our implementation of this protocol is evaluated against MPTCP in an emulated multipath network with time-varying path properties. The evaluation shows, that the proposed protocol utilizes the channels efficiently even in unstable conditions. In the evaluated dynamic network, the proposed protocol efficiently utilizes 94% of the available capacity, while MPTCP is below 80% due to underestimation. While our protocol is not suitable for general purpose traffic, it provides good performance for large file transfers in unstable wireless multipath networks.
Gene Silencing in Transgenic Torenia and Its Applications for Breeding. (1998)

The gene silencing by sense and antisense transgenes in plants is an effective method to breed new cultivars. Torenia fournieri Lind. is an ornamental plant in the family Scrophulariaceae. We have established a transformation system for Torenia and modified flower longevity and color by transformation-mediated gene silencing. The introduction of a fragment of the ACC oxidase gene, in sense or antisense orientation, allowed the production of transgenic Torenia plants with extended flower longevity. The extended flower longevity was linked to the existence of the transgene. The introduction of a chalcone synthase (CHS) or dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) gene, in sense or antisense orientation, allowed the production of transgenic Torenia plants whose flower color had been changed. Some transformants showed a pastel flower color, and one showed a wavy pattern on the flower lip. These characters do not exist in normal cultivars.
Multipath flow allocation in anonymous wireless networks with dependent sources (2012)

Protecting the identities of source-destination pairs against eavesdroppers is essential in anonymous wireless networks. In this paper, we consider multipath wireless networks with a pre-defined subset of covert relays and study the problem of flow allocation between correlated source-destination pairs to maximize anonymity under given packet-loss constraints. By formulating the problem within a ratedistortion framework, we derive optimal flow allocations that maximize anonymity based on the side information available to each source. Our results are demonstrated through simulation study.
The company you keep (2014)

There is little information from independent sources in the public domain about mobile malware infection rates. The only previous independent estimate (0.0009%) [11], was based on indirect measurements obtained from domain-name resolution traces. In this paper, we present the first independent study of malware infection rates and associated risk factors using data collected directly from over 55,000 Android devices. We find that the malware infection rates in Android devices estimated using two malware datasets (0.28% and 0.26%), though small, are significantly higher than the previous independent estimate. Based on the hypothesis that some application stores have a greater density of malicious applications and that advertising within applications and cross-promotional deals may act as infection vectors, we investigate whether the set of applications used on a device can serve as an indicator for infection of that device. Our analysis indicates that, while not an accurate indicator of infection by itself, the application set does serve as an inexpensive method for identifying the pool of devices on which more expensive monitoring and analysis mechanisms should be deployed. Using our two malware datasets we show that this indicator performs up to about five times better at identifying infected devices than the baseline of random checks. Such indicators can be used, for example, in the search for new or previously undetected malware. It is therefore a technique that can complement standard malware scanning. Our analysis also demonstrates a marginally significant difference in battery use between infected and clean devices.
Tasks, stability, architecture, and compute: Training more effective learned optimizers, and using them to train themselves (2020)

Much as replacing hand-designed features with learned functions has revolutionized how we solve perceptual tasks, we believe learned algorithms will transform how we train models. In this work we focus on general-purpose learned optimizers capable of training a wide variety of problems with no user-specified hyperparameters. We introduce a new, neural network parameterized, hierarchical optimizer with access to additional features such as validation loss to enable automatic regularization. Most learned optimizers have been trained on only a single task, or a small number of tasks. We train our optimizers on thousands of tasks, making use of orders of magnitude more compute, resulting in optimizers that generalize better to unseen tasks. The learned optimizers not only perform well, but learn behaviors that are distinct from existing first order optimizers. For instance, they generate update steps that have implicit regularization and adapt as the problem hyperparameters (e.g. batch size) or architecture (e.g. neural network width) change. Finally, these learned optimizers show evidence of being useful for out of distribution tasks such as training themselves from scratch.
Superconducting States with the Lattice Distortion in the Extended Hubbard Model (1997)

We give group theoretical classification of superconducting (SC) states with a single SC order parameter in the extended Hubbard model with uniform lattice distortion on the two-dimensional square lattice, by using the mean field approach. We obtain two singlet SCs (s-wave and d-wave) and eight triplet SCs by decomposing the pairing interaction into irreducible components (A 1g , B 1g and E u ) of point symmetry D 4h . We show that in the singlet SC state with a single SC order parameter (s-wave or d-wave) no anisotropic lattice distortion occurs. In the case of triplet SC states, two SC states among eight must be accompanied with anisotropic lattice distortion. The symmetry of SC order parameter uniquely determines the lattice symmetry. We have performed numerical calculations for these SC states, and shown the possibility that one of the SC states with anisotropic lattice distortion becomes most stable of all SC states in the extended Hubbard model. We also discuss singlet SC states with multiple SC order parameters (s-wave and d-wave). It is shown that the anisotropic distortion must occur in (s+d)-SC states and not in (s+id)-SC state.
Overcoming the nephrotoxicity of radiometal‐labeled immunoconjugates (1997)

These data show that radiation nephrotoxicity is an important effect of cancer therapy with radiometal-conjugated antibody fragments or peptides. However, this effect can be overcome successfully with the application of cationic amino acids, which substantially increase the anti-tumor efficacy of radiometal-labeled immunoconjugates. For understanding the biologic effects (e.g., liver toxicity) of 90Y in a mouse model, accounting for cross-organ radiation is essential. Further studies with radiometal-conjugated monoclonal antibody fragments and peptides are necessary to determine the MTD, dose-limiting organs, antitumor effectiveness, and nephroprotective effects of cationic amino acids in humans.
Guineensine, an Acyl-CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibitor, from the Fruits ofPiper longum (2004)

Bioactivity-guided fractionations for ACAT inhibitor led to the isolation of guineensine from the CHCl (3) extract of Piper longum. Its structure was identified by spectroscopic means (IR, UV, MS and NMR). Guineensine inhibited ACAT activity in a dose-dependent manner with an IC (50) value of 3.12 micro M.
Direct protein crystallization on ultrathin membranes for diffraction measurements at X-ray free-electron lasers. Corrigendum (2019)

Errors in the article by Opara, Martiel, Arnold, Braun, Stahlberg, Makita, David &amp; Padeste [ J. Appl. Cryst. (2017), 50 , 909–918] are corrected.
Generation of an optical frequency comb in the green with silicon nitride microresonators (2016)

The first realization of a green-light frequency comb is reported in a silicon nitride ring microresonator, from third-order non-linear interaction of a near-infrared 1-THz spacing Kerr comb spanning 2/3 of an octave.
Role of impact velocity and chest compression in thoracic injury. (1983)

Impact velocity and chest compression are important factors in traumatic injury; however, there is no functional relationship to assess impact severity. A blunt thoracic impact of constant velocity (5-22 m/s) and prescribed contact displacement (3-46 mm) was delivered to 123 anesthetized rabbits. Myocardial and major vascular injury increased from contusion to rupture with cardiac tamponade and sudden death as either impact velocity or chest compression was independently increased. A theoretical relationship was found for impact severity: IS=VC/1-C, where V and C are impact velocity and normalized chest compression. Based on the frequency of critical/fatal injury, probit analysis gave IS=6.4 m/s as an estimate of the ED50 response in the experimental model.
Bosonic Constructions of W3 Algebra (1990)

Explicit realizations of the W3 algebra are studied in terms of vertex operators and derivatives of free bosons. The condition for the closure of the W3 algebra is worked out through the operator product expansion. For two or less free bosons, the three state Potts model and the Fateev-Zamolodchikov solution are the only solutions for the W3 algebra in the case of manifestly unitary models.
In vitro nucleosome assembly with plant histones (1989)

Nucleosome; DNA‐histone interaction; Nucleosome reconstitution; Core histone; (Plant)
A Pharmacokinetic & Pharmacodynamic Study of Oral Lenalidomide in Patients with Low- or Intermediate-1-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes. (2006)

Abstract Twelve patients diagnosed with low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) were administered a single, 10 mg dose of lenalidomide followed by 24-hour blood and urine sampling on one occasion, and again at Day 14 of multiple dosing, followed by 5-hours of blood and urine sampling. Patients then continued into a combined treatment phase in which recombinant EPO was administered with lenalidomide. Table 1 describes the pharmacokinetic profiles of lenalidomide found for the first 12 MDS patients. Following the single oral 10 mg dose, lenalidomide had an average renal clearance of 7.48 ± 1.74 L/hr. Greater than half of the dose (65.6% ± 6.9%) was excreted unchanged in the urine over 24 hours. Conclusions: Among these MDS patients, the single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide were similar, suggesting no accumulation of lenalidomide with multiple dosing. After 24 hours, 65.6% of the dose is eliminated in the urine as the parent compound. No relationship was apparent between the total number of adverse events normalized per day or Grade’s 3+4 adverse events and the drug exposure. Table 1. Pharmacokinetics (Mean ± SD) in MDS Patients After a Single and Multiple 10 mg Oral Dose of Lenalidomide Parameter Single Dose Multiple Dose 1 Cmax and tmax are presented on Day 14; 2 median (min, max); NA = Not Applicable Cmax1 188 ± 59.5 168 ± 55.4 AUCt 852.3 ± 272 NA AUCss,0–5 NA 553.1 ± 205.6 T½,z 3.72 ± 0.75 NA tmax1,2 1.00 (0.5, 2.00) 0.75 (0.75, 2.50)
Comparison of Nonlinear Impairments in Graded-Index and Trench- Assisted Graded-Index Fibers for SDM Transmissions (2017)

The additional trench in trench-assisted graded-index fibers reduces the effective areas and influences the spatial overlap in multimode fibers. We investigate in which way the increased nonlinear coupling coefficients lead to an additional penalty. Our results indicate that a potential penalty can be neglected and that the trench can be fully utilized to optimize the linear fiber properties without adversely affecting the modal overlaps.
Acoustic tomography at basin scales and clock errors (1997)

A basin-scale acoustic tomography simulation is carried out for the northeast Pacific Ocean to determine the accuracy with which time must be kept at the sources when clocks at the receivers are accurate. A sequential Kalman filter is used to estimate sound-speed fluctuations and clock errors. Sound-speed fluctuations in the simulated ocean are estimated from an eddy-resolving hydrodynamic model of the Pacific forced by realistic wind fields at daily resolution from 1981-1993. The model output resembles features associated with El Nino and the Southern Oscillation, as well as many other features of the ocean's circulation. Using a Rossby-wave resolving acoustic array of four fixed sources and twenty drifting receivers, the authors find that the percentage of the modeled ocean's sound-speed variance accounted for with tomography is 92% at 400-km resolution, regardless of the accuracy of the clocks. Clocks which drift up to hundreds of seconds of error or more for a year do not degrade tomographic images of the model ocean. Tomographic reconstructions of the sound-speed field are insensitive to clock error primarily because of the wide variety of distances between the receivers from each source. Every receiver "sees" the same clock error from each source, regardless of section length, but the sound-speed fluctuations in the modeled ocean cannot yield travel times which lead to systematic changes in travel time that are independent of section length. The Kalman filter is thus able to map the sound-speed field accurately in the presence of large errors at the source's clocks.
Abstract 154: Interaction Between Nitroso-Redox Balance and Temperature Influences SR Ca 2+ Leak In Cardiomyocytes: Role of Neuronal NOS Signaling (2014)

Sarcomeric reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ leak contributes to impaired Ca 2+ cycling and contractile dysfunction of the heart. Leak is thought to be regulated by post-translational modification of RyR2 associated with the nitroso-redox state. Ca 2+ cycling is affected by both nitric oxide (NO) signaling and temperature. We studied the effect of temperature and nitroso-redox state on Ca 2+ leak. We hypothesized that nitroso-redox balance modulates leak in a temperature–dependent manner. Tetracaine was used to estimate the leak in cardiomyocytes (CMs) in mouse models of nitroso-redox imbalance (NOS1 -/- ), hyper S-nitrosylation (GSNOR -/- ) and in WT mice. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. Experiments were carried out at 23°C – 37°C. In WT CMs, Ca 2+ leak was inversely proportional to temperature whereas, in NOS1 -/- CMs, the leak suddenly increased when the temperature surpassed 30°C. Supplementing the media with NO (1 microM SNAP), reduced leak in NOS1 -/- CMs at physiologic temperature while at low temperatures, there was a trend toward an increase, a pattern similar to that of GSNOR -/- rather than WT CMs. The xanthine oxidase inhibitor, oxypurinol (100 microM), diminished the leak in NOS1 -/- CMs. SR Ca 2+ content in NOS1 -/- CMs was reduced as the temperature decreased, whereas it was not affected in WT cells. Cooling from 37°C to 23 °C increased ROS generation in WT CMs; however there was an opposite effect observed in NOS1 -/- CMs, which was further reduced by oxypurinol. Expression of the NOS isoforms (by RT-PCR) was unaffected by temperature in WT. Therefore, Ca 2+ leak is temperature dependent, is affected by the absence of NOS1 activity and increases with the rise of ROS production. Defective denitrosylation activity keeps leak low, suggesting a protective effect of S-nitrosylation against the cooling-induced increase in SR Ca 2+ leak. These results suggest that Ca 2+ leak from the SR is regulated by a temperature-dependent balance between NO and ROS.
Development of a Titanocene-Catalyzed Enyne Cyclization/Isocyanide Insertion Reaction (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDevelopment of a Titanocene-Catalyzed Enyne Cyclization/Isocyanide Insertion ReactionScott C. Berk, Robert B. Grossman, and Stephen L. BuchwaldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 19, 8593–8601Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00098a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00098a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views992Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Approximate world models: incorporating qualitative and linguistic information into vision systems (1996)

Approximate world models are coarse descriptions of the elements of a scene, and are intended to be used in the selection and control of vision routines in a vision system. In this paper we present a control architecture in which the approximate models represent the complex relationships among the objects in the world, allowing the vision routines to be situation or context specific. Moreover, because of their reduced accuracy requirements, approximate world models can employ qualitative information such as those provided by linguistic descriptions of the scene. The concept is demonstrated in the development of automatic cameras for a TV studio - SmartCams. Results are shown where SmartCams use vision processing of real imagery and information written in the script of a TV show to achieve TV-quality framing.
Electroclinic and antiferroelectric properties of (R)-(–)-nonan-3-yl 4-(4′-dodecyloxybiphenyl-4-yicarbonyloxy)-3-fluorobenzoate (1996)

The synthesis of the novel chiral mesogen (R)-(–)-nonan-3-yl 4-(4′-dodecyloxybiphenyl-4-ylcarbonyloxy)-3-fluorobenzoate and a discussion of its various liquid-crystalline properties are reported. Initial optical microscopy studies revealed the presence of a smectic A* phase and what was at first thought to be a smectic C* phase; further examination of this compound as thin film preparations revealed the presence of s± 1/2 disclinations suggesting that the phase is an antiferroelectric subphase. Furthermore, these observations were supported by results from both differential scanning calorimetry and contact miscibility studies using known smectic C*A standards. The antiferroelectric nature of the phase was confirmed by obtaining sharp threshold characteristic curves during electrical switching studies from the antiferroelectric to an induced ferroelectric phase. Additionally, the chirality of the compound results in a reduction in the environmental symmetry for the smectic A* phase, and this allows electroclinic switching in the pretransitional region of the smectic A* phase close to the smectic C*A transition to take place under suitable conditions.
High frequency GaN-based ultrasound pulse generator for high energy delivery (2017)

Pulse generator is the critical component in all ultrasound systems for driving a piezoelectric transducer to medical or nondestructive testing (NDT) applications with high-voltage, high frequency bipolar or unipolar pulse train. Other than conventional imaging short pulses, high power transmit ultrasonic system for medical applications requires MHz pulse bursts of up to tens of milliseconds. The capability of switching high voltage (±90V) at multi-MHz, delivering effective power efficiently, is crucial for practical systems. Gallium Nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have improved performances at high switching frequency with lower losses and higher power density than Silicon (Si) MOSFETs. This paper proposed a transformer push-pull pulse generator, different from more conventional implementation of pulsers for clinical use, with GaN power switches that are capable to produce a 50ms long burst pulse length with bipolar pulses of ±90V switching up to 10MHz.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Reactivation of Suppressed RhoB is a Critical Step for the Inhibition of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Growth (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Reactivation of Suppressed RhoB is a Critical Step for the Inhibition of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Growth
Optimization of resonantly cladding-pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for space-borne applications (2013)

Lasers for use in space-borne applications require ultrahigh efficiency due to limited heat dissipation and power generation capacity. In particular, interplanetary optical communication systems require high-efficiency, moderate-power (>4 W) optical transmitters in the 1600 nm wavelength range. Resonantly pumped dual-clad erbium-doped fiber lasers are best suited for this purpose. Parametric numerical optimizations are performed using a two-level propagation model modified to include spatial effects specific to large-mode-area fibers. Propagation loss mechanisms are found to be limiting factors due to the relatively low cross-sections and low quenching-free doping densities of erbium. Although experimental reports have demonstrated efficiencies up to 33%, simulation results indicate that over 53% power-conversion efficiency can be achieved using commercial fibers, and over 75% can be achieved using custom fibers employing propagation-loss mitigation strategies.
Comparison of Continuous-Wave and Micropulse Modulation in Retinal Laser Therapy (2017)

Micropulse modulation with sufficiently short envelope and duty cycle can help reduce the spread of heat from the light-absorbing RPE and choroid. However, this localization does not benefit nondamaging retinal laser therapy, which is intended to avoid any cell death.