gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards the Use of Saliency Maps for Explaining Low-Quality Electrocardiograms to End Users (2022)

When using medical images for diagnosis, either by clinicians or artificial intelligence (AI) systems, it is important that the images are of high quality. When an image is of low quality, the medical exam that produced the image often needs to be redone. In telemedicine, a common problem is that the quality issue is only flagged once the patient has left the clinic, meaning they must return in order to have the exam redone. This can be especially difficult for people living in remote regions, who make up a substantial portion of the patients at Portal Telemedicina, a digital healthcare organization based in Brazil. In this paper, we report on ongoing work regarding (i) the development of an AI system for flagging and explaining low-quality medical images in real-time, (ii) an interview study to understand the explanation needs of stakeholders using the AI system at OurCompany, and, (iii) a longitudinal user study design to examine the effect of including explanations on the workflow of the technicians in our clinics. To the best of our knowledge, this would be the first longitudinal study on evaluating the effects of XAI methods on end-users -- stakeholders that use AI systems but do not have AI-specific expertise. We welcome feedback and suggestions on our experimental setup.
p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling regulates streptococcal M1 protein-induced neutrophil activation and lung injury (2011)

M1 serotype of Streptococcus pyogenes can cause STSS and acute lung damage. Herein, the purpose was to define the role of p38 MAPK signaling in M1 protein-induced pulmonary injury. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with specific p38 MAPK inhibitors (SB 239063 and SKF 86002) prior to M1 protein challenge. Edema, neutrophil infiltration, and CXC chemokines were determined in the lung, 4 h after M1 protein administration. Flow cytometry was used to determine Mac-1 expression. Phosphorylation and activity of p38 MAPK were determined by immunoprecipitation and Western blot. IVM was used to analyze leukocyte-endothelium interactions in the pulmonary microcirculation. M1 protein challenge increased phosphorylation and activity of p38 MAPK in the lung, which was inhibited by SB 239063 and SKF 86002. Inhibition of p38 MAPK activity decreased M1 protein-induced infiltration of neutrophils, edema, and CXC chemokine formation in the lung, as well as Mac-1 up-regulation on neutrophils. IVM showed that p38 MAPK inhibition reduced leukocyte rolling and adhesion in the pulmonary microvasculature of M1 protein-treated mice. Our results indicate that p38 MAPK signaling regulates neutrophil infiltration in acute lung injury induced by streptococcal M1 protein. Moreover, p38 MAPK activity controls CXC chemokine formation in the lung, as well as neutrophil expression of Mac-1 and recruitment in the pulmonary microvasculature. In conclusion, these findings suggest that targeting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway may open new opportunities to protect against lung injury in streptococcal infections.
Basic evaluation of Au micro-bumps formed by cyanide-free electroless Au plating process (2014)

We conducted a basic evaluation of Au micro-bumps formed by cyanide-free electroless Au plating. The Au micro-bump diameter was approximately 10 μm. Bump height measurement, bump shear testing, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the Au surface were performed after Au micro-bump formation. Scanning ion microscope observation of the bonding interface, chip shear testing, four-terminal measurement, and daisy chain measurement were performed after flip-chip bonding. The results show that the Au micro-bumps have good mechanical and electrical properties.
Multifrequency system and method for enhancing auditory stimulation and the like (1982)

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Supplementary Table 6 from Pacritinib Combined with Sirolimus and Low-Dose Tacrolimus for GVHD Prevention after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Preclinical and Phase I Trial Results (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The table shows the pharmacokinetic analysis of pacritinib concentration over time.&lt;/p&gt;
Nanostructure–Property Control in AlPSi3/Si(100) Semiconductors Using Direct Molecular Assembly: Theory Meets Experiment at the Atomic Level (2014)

Recent theoretical and experimental studies of a new class of diamond-like group III–V/group IV alloys composed of neighboring Earth-abundant Al, Si, and P elements, with a common stoichiometry of AlPSi3, indicate that these materials are promising candidates for high-performance top junctions in tandem solar cells integrated on low-cost Si platforms. These materials are grown lattice-matched on Si(100) via self-assembly of AlPSi3-like tetrahedral units generated by reaction of molecular P(SiH3)3 and Al atoms to form silicon crystal analogues, which are distinguished by intact Al–P bonding units distributed within a Si matrix. In this paper, aberration-corrected annular-dark-field imaging and atomic-column elemental mapping, are applied to characterize bonding configurations and elemental distributions in this intriguing family of monocrystalline solids. The detailed arrangements and chemical environment of Al–P and Si components have been identified for the first time and are found to be correlated with bulk optical behavior by directly comparing quantum simulations with experimental maps of the crystal structure along common crystallographic projections. The AlPSi3 alloys exhibit uniform atomic-scale composition but variations in local bonding motifs, observed by element-selective imaging and corroborated by Raman scattering. From an electronic structure perspective, the materials show extended optical coverage in the visible range compared to Si, with minor variations dependent on specific ordering of Al–P and Si within the alloy network, as confirmed by ab initio simulation of the dielectric properties. This study lays the groundwork for a systematic approach to correlating fundamental properties to atomic structure and processing conditions, which should facilitate the development of the group III–IV–V family materials with applications in Si-based PV technologies.
Bayesian denoising of generalized poisson processes with finite rate of innovation (2012)

We investigate the problem of the optimal reconstruction of a generalized Poisson process from its noisy samples. The process is known to have a finite rate of innovation since it is generated by a random stream of Diracs with a finite average number of impulses per unit interval. We formulate the recovery problem in a Bayesian framework and explicitly derive the joint probability density function (pdf) of the sampled signal. We compare the performance of the optimal Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) estimator with common regularization techniques such as ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and Log penalty functions. The simulation results indicate that, under certain conditions, the regularization techniques can achieve a performance close to the MMSE method.
A terahertz technology for label-free immune assay (2015)

This paper reviews recent works of label-free immune assay using terahertz technologies, which includes a terahertz chemical microscopy. Experimental results of label-free detection of lectin-suger chain reactions were also presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Sulfates of δ‐Lactones in the Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans, Tetrahydropyrans and Cyclohexanes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Adversarial Examples in Deep Learning: Characterization and Divergence (2018)

The burgeoning success of deep learning has raised the security and privacy concerns as more and more tasks are accompanied with sensitive data. Adversarial attacks in deep learning have emerged as one of the dominating security threat to a range of mission-critical deep learning systems and applications. This paper takes a holistic and principled approach to perform statistical characterization of adversarial examples in deep learning. We provide a general formulation of adversarial examples and elaborate on the basic principle for adversarial attack algorithm design. We introduce easy and hard categorization of adversarial attacks to analyze the effectiveness of adversarial examples in terms of attack success rate, degree of change in adversarial perturbation, average entropy of prediction qualities, and fraction of adversarial examples that lead to successful attacks. We conduct extensive experimental study on adversarial behavior in easy and hard attacks under deep learning models with different hyperparameters and different deep learning frameworks. We show that the same adversarial attack behaves differently under different hyperparameters and across different frameworks due to the different features learned under different deep learning model training process. Our statistical characterization with strong empirical evidence provides a transformative enlightenment on mitigation strategies towards effective countermeasures against present and future adversarial attacks.
Cyclist’s Riding Style Assessment via Inertial Measurement (2017)

Bicycles are seen as a viable solution to a number of transportation problems: the use of bicycles alleviate congestion, reduce pollution and generally improve public health. In many congested cities, bicycles are the quickest means of transportation. The widespread use of bicycles, along with the exponential growth of electrically power assisted bicycles, could pose some safety issues related to reckless cycling. This paper presents an inertial measurement based approach to quantify and classify different riding styles. The bicycle velocity, longitudinal acceleration and angular rates are monitored to identify dangerous riding from three different perspective: longitudinal, vertical and lateral dynamics. In this way, it is possible to assign a number assessing the quality of each trip. The approach is developed using data collected from ad-hoc experiments and real-world data.
Characterization of prostaglandin (PG)-binding sites expressed on human basophils. Evidence for a prostaglandin E1, I2, and a D2 receptor. (1992)

Recent data suggest that prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in the regulation of basophil activation. The aim of this study was to characterize the basophil PG-binding sites by means of radioreceptor assays using 3H-labeled PGs. Scatchard analysis for pure (greater than 95%) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) basophils revealed two classes of PGE1-binding sites differing in their affinity for the natural ligand (Bmax1 = 217 +/- 65 fmol/10(8) cells; Kd1 = 0.5 +/- 0.2 nM; Bmax2 = 2462 +/- 381 fmol/10(8) cells; Kd2 = 47 +/- 20 nM; IC50 = PGE1 less than PGI2 less than PGD2 less than PGE2 less than PGF2 alpha) as well as two classes of PGI2 (iloprost)-binding sites (Bmax1 = 324 +/- 145 fmol/10(8) cells; Kd1 = 0.5 +/- 0.3 nM; Bmax2 = 2541 +/- 381; Kd2 = 27 +/- 6 nM; IC50 = PGI2 less than PGE1 less than PGD2 less than PGE2 less than PGF2 alpha. In addition, CML basophils exhibited a single class of PGD2-binding sites (Bmax = 378 +/- 98 fmol/10(8) cells; Kd = 13 +/- 4 nM; IC50: PGD2 less than PGI2 less than PGE1 less than PGE2 less than PGF2 alpha). In contrast, we were unable to detect specific saturable PGE2-binding sites. Primary and immortalized (KU812) CML basophils revealed an identical pattern of PG receptor expression. Basophils (KU812) expressed significantly (p less than 0.001) lower number of PGE1 (PGI2)-binding sites (Bmax1: 9% (20%) of control; Bmax2: 36% (50%) of control) when cultured with recombinant interleukin 3 (rhIL-3), a basophil-activating cytokine, whereas rhIL-2 had no effect on PG receptor expression. Functional significance of binding of PGs to basophils was provided by the demonstration of a dose-dependent increase in cellular cAMP upon agonist activation, with PGE1 (ED50 = 1.7 +/- 1.1 nM) and PGI2 (ED50 = 2.8 +/- 2.3 nM) being the most potent compounds. These findings suggest that human basophils express specific receptors for PGE1, PGI2 as well as for PGD2.
Human ABCC1 Interacts and Colocalizes with ATP Synthase α, Revealed by Interactive Proteomics Analysis (2011)

Human ABCC1 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily, and its overexpression has been shown to cause multidrug resistance by active efflux of a wide variety of anticancer drugs. ABCC1 has been shown to exist and possibly function as a homodimer. However, a possible heterocomplex involving ABCC1 has been indicated. In this study, we performed an interactive proteomics study to examine proteins that bind to and form heterocomplexes with ABCC1 using coimmunoprecipitation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses. We found that ATP synthase α binds to ABCC1 in plasma membranes with a ratio of 2:1. The ATP synthase α binding site in ABCC1 is located in the linker domain at the carboxyl core of ABCC1, and phosphorylation of the linker domain at the protein kinase A site enhances ATP synthase α binding. The interaction between ABCC1 and ATP synthase α in a heterocomplex may indicate a novel function of ABCC1 in regulating extracellular ATP level and purinergic signaling cascade.
An improved Z-source Multilevel Converter with Fewer Number of Switches, Less THD, and High Efficiency (2022)

In this paper, a suitable structural design for a z-source multilevel converter is proposed. The main goal of the proposed structure is to achieve better results in terms of efficiency and losses and as well as using a fewer number of components. The proposed structure is examined in PSCAD software under a resistive and resistive inductive load to check the efficiency and the value of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The results prove that the proposed Z-source converter has less THD and higher efficiency than the other existing structure. The further detailed information from simulation results is shown that the proposed Z-source increases the efficiency up to almost 5% for the resistive load and up to 10% for the resistive and inductive loads.
Preparation and Reactions of Diorganozincs from Dienic Silyl Enol Ethers (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Reactions of Diorganozincs from Dienic Silyl Enol EthersA. Devasagayaraj, L. Schwink, and P. KnochelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 11, 3311–3317Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00116a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00116a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views738Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Regulation of morphogenesis and neural differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells using carbon nanotube sheets (2012)

In order to successfully utilize stem cells for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine, efficient differentiation into a specific cell lineage and guidance of axons in a desired direction is crucial. Here, we used aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) sheets to differentiate human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into neural cells. Human MSCs present a preferential adhesion to aligned CNT sheets with longitudinal stretch parallel to the CNT orientation direction. Cell elongation was 2-fold higher than the control and most of the cells were aligned on CNT sheets within 5° from the CNT orientation direction. Furthermore, a significant, synergistic enhancement of neural differentiation was observed in hMSCs cultured on the CNT sheets. Axon outgrowth was also controlled using nanoscale patterning of CNTs. This CNT sheet provides a new cellular scaffold platform that can regulate morphogenesis and differentiation of stem cells, which could open up a new approach for tissue and stem cell regeneration.
<title>Determining the operating curves of spatial light modulators with imaging polarimetry</title> (1994)

We present the eigenpolarization states of a commercially available liquid crystal television display and show that phase-only modulation can be achieved over a large dynamic range of video voltages for several bias voltage settings if the eigenpolarization states are used. A set of operating curves using these polarization states are given for the device.
Leakage and coupling of square and double D magnetic couplers (2016)

Commercial high power Electric Vehicle (EV) Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems need to comply with leakage regulations while transferring the required power. The choice and design of the magnetic coupler (pad) topology heavily influences the power, efficiency and leakage of these systems. This paper seeks to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of two pad topologies, the Square Pad and the Double D Pad (DDP). A metric that combines coupling and leakage to provide a fair comparison between pads is introduced. Variations on the pads are investigated, including adding a ferrite core, changing the aspect ratio and reducing the coil dimensions while keeping the ferrite dimensions constant. Simulation results show that, in general, the DDP has advantages when misaligned in one direction, whereas the Square Pad's advantages arise when misaligned in the other direction.
Thermodynamic Aspects of Supercritical Fluids Processing: Applications of Polymers and Wastes Treatment (1998)

Supercritical fluid processes are of increasing interest for many fields : in supercritical fluid separation (petroleum-chemistry separation and purification, food industry) and supercritical fluid chromatography (analytical and preparative separation, determination of physicochemical properties); as reaction media with continuously adjustable properties from gas to liquid (low-density polyethylene, waste destruction, polymer recycling); in geology and mineralogy (volcanoes, geothermal energy, hydrothermal synthesis); in particle, fibber and substrate formations (pharmaceuticals, explosives, coatings); in drying materials (gels). This paper presents the unusual physicochemical properties of supercritical fluids in relation to their engineering applications. After a short report of fundamental concepts of critical behavior in pure fluids, we develop in more details the tunable physicochemical properties of fluid in the supercritical domain. The second part of this paper describes the engineering applications of supercritical fluids relevant of chemical reactions and polymer processing. Each application presentation is divided in two parts : the first one recalls the basic concepts including general background, physicochemical properties and the second one develops the engineering applications relevant of the advocated domain.
Factors Supporting Cysteine Tolerance and Sulfite Production in Candida albicans (2013)

The amino acid cysteine has long been known to be toxic at elevated levels for bacteria, fungi, and humans. However, mechanisms of cysteine tolerance in microbes remain largely obscure. Here we show that the human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans excretes sulfite when confronted with increasing cysteine concentrations. Mutant construction and phenotypic analysis revealed that sulfite formation from cysteine in C. albicans relies on cysteine dioxygenase Cdg1, an enzyme with similar functions in humans. Environmental cysteine induced not only the expression of the CDG1 gene in C. albicans, but also the expression of SSU1, encoding a putative sulfite efflux pump. Accordingly, the deletion of SSU1 resulted in enhanced sensitivity of the fungal cells to both cysteine and sulfite. To study the regulation of sulfite/cysteine tolerance in more detail, we screened a C. albicans library of transcription factor mutants in the presence of sulfite. This approach and subsequent independent mutant analysis identified the zinc cluster transcription factor Zcf2 to govern sulfite/cysteine tolerance, as well as cysteine-inducible SSU1 and CDG1 gene expression. cdg1Δ and ssu1Δ mutants displayed reduced hypha formation in the presence of cysteine, indicating a possible role of the newly proposed mechanisms of cysteine tolerance and sulfite secretion in the pathogenicity of C. albicans. Moreover, cdg1Δ mutants induced delayed mortality in a mouse model of disseminated infection. Since sulfite is toxic and a potent reducing agent, its production by C. albicans suggests diverse roles during host adaptation and pathogenicity.
Interpreting ambiguous emotional expressions (2009)

Emotion expression is a complex process involving dependencies based on time, speaker, context, mood, personality, and culture. Emotion classification algorithms designed for real-world application must be able to interpret the emotional content of an utterance or dialog given the modulations resulting from these and other dependencies. Algorithmic development often rests on the assumption that the input emotions are uniformly recognized by a pool of evaluators. However, this style of consistent prototypical emotion expression often does not exist outside of a laboratory environment. This paper presents methods for interpreting the emotional content of non-prototypical utterances. These methods include modeling across multiple time-scales and modeling interaction dynamics between interlocutors. This paper recommends classifying emotions based on emotional profiles, or soft-labels, of emotion expression rather than relying on just raw acoustic features or categorical hard labels. Emotion expression is both interactive and dynamic. Consequently, to accurately recognize emotional content, these aspects must be incorporated during algorithmic design to improve classification performance.
How EM survey analysis validates current technology, processing and interpretation methodology (2008)

Ståle Johansen, Ketil Brauti, Stein Fanavoll, Hans Amundsen, Tor Atle Wicklund, Jens Danielsen, Pål T. Gabrielsen, Lars Lorentz, Michael Frenkel, Benjamin Dubois, Ole Christensen, Kathrine Elshaug and Stig A. Karlsen of Electromagnetic Geoservices (EMGS)** provide the most comprehensiv study to date of how the company’s offshore electromagnetic survey method (seabed logging) for the E&amp;P oil and gas industry successfully compares with well evaluation results.