gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Preparation of Released N-Glycans for HILIC Analysis Using a Labeling Reagent that Facilitates Sensitive Fluorescence and ESI-MS Detection (2015)

N-glycosylation of proteins is now routinely characterized and monitored because of its significance to the detection of disease states and the manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals. At the same time, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) has emerged as a powerful technology for N-glycan profiling. Sample preparation techniques for N-glycan HILIC analyses have however tended to be laborious or require compromises in sensitivity. To address these shortcomings, we have developed an N-glycan labeling reagent that provides enhanced fluorescence response and MS sensitivity for glycan detection and have also simplified the process of preparing a sample for analysis. The developed labeling reagent rapidly reacts with glycosylamines upon their release from glycoproteins. Within a 5 min reaction, enzymatically released N-glycans are labeled with this reagent comprised of an NHS-carbamate reactive group, a quinoline fluorophore, and a tertiary amine for enhancing ESI+ MS ionization. To further expedite the released N-glycan sample preparation, rapid tagging has been integrated with a fast PNGase F deglycosylation procedure that achieves complete deglycosylation of a diverse set of glycoproteins in approximately 10 min. Moreover, a technique for HILIC-SPE of the labeled glycans has been developed to provide quantitative recovery and facilitate immediate HILIC analysis of the prepared samples. The described approach makes it possible to quickly prepare N-glycan samples and to incorporate the use of a fluorescence and MS sensitivity enhancing labeling reagent. In demonstration of these new capabilities, we have combined the developed sample preparation techniques with UHPLC HILIC chromatography and high sensitivity mass spectrometry to thoroughly detail the N-glycan profile of a monoclonal antibody.
49.2: A Study on Electron‐injecting and Surface‐modifying Layer for Transparent Organic Light Emitting Diodes (2013)

Abstract We present highly transparent organic light emitting diodes (TOLED) with new transparent cathode structures. This TOLED has ∼71.7% transmittance at 550 nm including the general glass encapsulation. Our transparent cathode stacks (organic layers / cathode) show 91.2% transmittance at 550 nm and low sheet resistance (5.4Ω/□). Such excellent performances are attributed to a new good electron injection system, flat surface morphology of Ag layer, and high refractive index capping layer of WO 3 .
Graphene-based Composites for Electrochemical Energy Storage (2011)

The article focuses on graphene-based electrodes for electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices. One such example is graphene in a Li ion battery. Graphene can provide support for enhancement of Li ion battery in increasing structural stability, improving conductivity and potentially, lessening the effect of solvent/electrolyte interaction. For example by utilizing select synthetic techniques for the production of the graphene nanocomposites such as photochemical reduction coupled with simultaneous binding, nanocomposites consisting of very small particles (~2-5 nm) were nearly embedded into the graphene sheets. Graphene presents unique opportunities to the scientific community through its diverse and varied properties, which show promise to enhance many catalytic, photoelectrochemical, and electrochemical processes. The inexpensive route to RGO from GO and selective binding properties exhibited by the latter open doors to the creation of composite materials for these applications.
The Evolution of Flow and Mass Transport in 3D Confined Cavities (2021)

Flow in channels and ducts with adjoining cavities are common in natural and engineered systems. Here we report numerical and experimental results of 3D confined cavity flow, identifying critical conditions in the recirculating flow formation and mass transport over a range of channel flow properties ($0.1\leq Re \leq 300$) and cavity aspect ratio ($0.1 \leq H/X_{s} \leq1$). In contrast to 2D systems, a mass flux boundary is not formed in 3D confined cavity-channel flow. Streamlines directly enter a recirculating vortex in the cavity and exit to the main channel leading to an exponential increase in the cavity mass flux when the recirculating vortex fills the cavity volume. These findings extend our understanding of flow entry and exit in cavities and suggest conditions where convective mass transport into and out of cavities would be amplified and vortex particle capture reduced.
Effect of the ArF excimer laser on human enamel (1992)

Human enamel surface was irradiated with ArF excimer laser and examined under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Enamel surface was irradiated at three different areas with different energy fluences. It is demonstrated that the ArF excimer laser causes ablation of the calcified hard enamel tissue. Ablation curves were measured. There was no significant difference found in the etch depth between the three different areas of enamel surface. The morphology of the irradiated areas seen under the SEM was found to be dependent on energy fluence. It changed with increase in energy fluence from being etched to forming a smooth, fused, glaze-like surface and then at very high energy fluences producing a rough surface. The influence of the laser irradiation was confined to the irradiated area only, with no visible heat damage to the surroundings. These results suggest that excimer laser could be applied in a controlled and defined manner for tooth enamel treatments in dentistry.
Phenotypic and functional characterization of T-BAM (CD40 ligand)+ T- cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1994)

The precise mechanisms regulating T-helper function have been intensively investigated. We and others have recently identified a new T-cell-B-cell-activating molecule called T-BAM that directs B-cell differentiation by interacting with the CD40 molecule on B cells. Using a specific monoclonal antibody against T-BAM (5C8), we have previously shown that T-BAM expressing T cells are predominantly CD4+CD8- and in normal lymphoid tissue have a unique distribution. However, no information has been obtained regarding the phenotype and functional properties of human neoplastic T cells. Therefore, we investigated T-BAM expression immunohistochemically in 87 well-characterized T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias (LL). We found that 21/81 neoplasms expressed detectable T-BAM and these positive tumors belong almost exclusively to the CD4+CD8- subtype. In addition, to determine whether T-BAM expression could be induced on T-BAM-LL cells, we activated T-BAM-LLs in vitro and showed that T-BAM could be upregulated only in CD4+CD8- tumors. Our studies clearly show that T-BAM is constitutively expressed in a large number of T-cell neoplasms with a relative mature phenotype (CD4+CD8-) and that only CD4+ neoplastic T cells can be induced in vitro to express this molecule. Additional studies are necessary to identify the biologic significance of T-BAM expression and its potential and clinical implications.
Investigation of Proton Dynamics within the Hydrogen-Bond Network of the Layer Silicate Na−RUB-18 (2001)

Solid-state 1H and 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopies were applied to the hydrous layer silicate Na−RUB-18 to investigate the hydrogen-bond networks formed within the crystals as a function of temperature. Two different proton environments can be differentiated. At temperatures below 230 K, the weak hydrogen bonds formed by the intercalate water and the strong hydrogen bonds formed by the silanol groups do not interact. At temperatures up to 360 K, an increasing number of hydrogen bonds localized at silanol groups breaks up. At this temperature, 1D infinite hydrogen-bond networks are formed in the material, resulting in proton conductivity. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations yielded increasing vibrations of these hydrogen bonds as an explanation for the breaking. From 1H MAS NMR experiments with modified samples, it becomes obvious that only one-half of all water molecules participate in the network. Further, it is shown that a mimimum coherence of the 1D network is necessary to stabilize the high-temperature state.
Optimized Turmeric Extracts have Potent Anti-Amyloidogenic Effects (2009)

Inhibition of beta-amyloid (A beta) accumulation and A beta fibril (fA beta) formation from A beta are attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While previous studies have shown anti-amyloidogenic effects of curcumin in vitro and in vivo, no studies have examined optimized turmeric extracts enriched in curcuminoids or turmerones. Three standardized turmeric extracts, HSS-838, HSS-848, and HSS-888, were prepared with different chemical profiles to investigate their potential therapeutic benefits for AD. These extracts were fingerprinted by DART TOF-MS to reveal the significant chemical complexity. In addition four curcuminoids (curcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin) were also examined. We measured the effects of the extracts and curcuminoids, on the aggregation of A beta by using a thioflavin T cell-free assay and the secretion of A beta from human neuronal cells (SweAPP N2A cells) in vitro. All three extracts and the curcuminoids showed dose-dependent inhibition of fA beta aggregation from A beta(1-42) in the cell-free assay, with IC(50) values of <or= 5 microg/mL. However, only HSS-888, curcumin and demethoxycurcumin significantly decreased A beta secretion (approximately 20%) in SweAPP N2A cells. Interaction matrices were used to examine possible synergistic interactions between HS-888 and the other extracts and the individual curcuminoids on A beta aggregation. Only simple additive effects were observed for the A beta aggregation inhibition, supporting the notion that the known curcuminoids are not strong inhibitors of this activity. However, HSS-888 showed strong inhibition of A beta aggregation and secretion, thus indicating that there are novel bioactive molecules in this extract that might be important leads for future AD drug discovery efforts.
Flight Test of a Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Adaptive Trailing Edge Flap (2016)

The Boeing Company has a goal of creating aircraft that are capable of continuous optimization for all flight conditions. Recent advances in SMA actuation and a detailed understanding of wing design were combined to design, build, and safely demonstrate small trailing edge flaps driven by SMA actuation. As part of a 2012 full-scale flight test program a lightweight and compact Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) rotary actuator was integrated into the hinge line of a small flap on the trailing edge of a commercial aircraft wing. This Adaptive Trailing Edge program was part of a Boeing and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) collaboration. Aerodynamic studies of these small trailing edge flaps show that improved performance requires multiple flap configurations that vary with flight regime. Configurations include small angles of deployment for reduced fuel burn and emissions during high speed cruise and larger angles of deployment for increased lift and lower noise during takeoff and approach. SMA actuation is an ideal compact solution to position these small flaps and increase aircraft performance by simply and efficiently altering the wings aerodynamic characteristics for each flight segment. Closed loop control of the flap’s position, using the SMA actuator, was demonstrated at multiple flight conditions during flight tests. Results of the successful flight test on a 737–800 commercial airplane and the significantly improved performance benefits will be presented. This is the first flight test of an SMA rotary actuator system, which was matured from TRL 4 to TRL 7 during the program.
Novel resist pattern transfer process for 70 nm technology node using 157-nm lithography (2003)

A novel resist pattern transfer process for the 70 nm technology node is presented using 157-nm lithography. By using newly developed 157-nm resists and a 157-nm microstepper (NA=0.60), sub-100 nm resist patterns are fabricated. Three types of structures are presented for the pattern transfer process. Two of these are hard mask (HM) processes. and the other is a bi-layer process using Si-containing resist. For all these structures, the underlayers of resist work well as anti-reflecting layers. By optimizing the RIE gas conditions, resist patterns are successfully transferred to the underlayer. Using the HM as an etching mask, sub-100 nm gate patterns are fabricated.
Sulphonylurea (Glibenclamide) enhances somatostatin and inhibits glucagon release induced by arginine (1980)

Arginine significantly stimulated the release of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin from the isolated perfused rat pancreas. A sulphonylurea, glibenclamide, markedly enhanced the effect of arginine on somatostatin release and inhibited its effect on glucagon release. Insulin release was not modulated by addition of glibenclamide. These findings support the idea of a paracrine interaction of islets hormones.
CoIL: Coordinate-based Internal Learning for Imaging Inverse Problems (2021)

We propose Coordinate-based Internal Learning (CoIL) as a new deep-learning (DL) methodology for the continuous representation of measurements. Unlike traditional DL methods that learn a mapping from the measurements to the desired image, CoIL trains a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to encode the complete measurement field by mapping the coordinates of the measurements to their responses. CoIL is a self-supervised method that requires no training examples besides the measurements of the test object itself. Once the MLP is trained, CoIL generates new measurements that can be used within a majority of image reconstruction methods. We validate CoIL on sparse-view computed tomography using several widely-used reconstruction methods, including purely model-based methods and those based on DL. Our results demonstrate the ability of CoIL to consistently improve the performance of all the considered methods by providing high-fidelity measurement fields.
Electrochemical Characterization of Chitosan Films As Proton-Conducting Layers for Bioprotonic Devices (2017)

We describe the lithographic fabrication, electrochemical characterization, and modeling of bioprotonic conduction channels, using a proof-of-concept material, chitosan, as a proton-conducting film deposited onto palladium electrodes. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) has been used to probe both the electrochemical generation of protons from H 2 feed gas and the conduction of those protons through channels fabricated with different molecular weights of chitosan. Higher MW chitosan produces channels with significantly higher proton conductivity. Additionally, rigorous evaluation of the LSV data by both standard electroanalytical expressions and by digital simulation reveal that proton generation at the PdH x electrodes varies substantially between devices of different geometries. Multiple hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) pathways are operational at some devices, while at others a single pathway dominates. The analyses reveal the sensitivity of proton-generation kinetics on the chitosan/PdH x interface, and furthermore, to the geometry of the device itself. Simulations of the proton conductivity in the chitosan membrane, however, yields excellent agreement between devices. Direct measurement of proton conductivity using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy further corroborates this agreement, yielding proton conductivity values nearly identical to those determined by analysis of the LSV results. This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research.
Tristetraprolin family of RNA binding proteins post-transcriptionally regulate inflammation and metabolic responses in the liver (2018)

Abstract Tristetraprolin family of RNA binding proteins, including tristetraprolin (TTP), zinc finger protein 36 like 1 (ZFP36L1), and zinc finger protein 36 like 2 (ZFP36L2) regulate mRNA levels by binding to AU-rich elements on the 3′untranslated regions of specific mRNAs and enhancing their turnover. Global loss of TTP results in systemic inflammatory syndrome in mice; however, the physiological role of the other two TTP family members is unclear due to embryonic lethality of global knockout of ZFP36L1 and early post-natal death of global knockout of ZFP36L2. Here, using Cre-loxP technology, we independently and simultaneously (triple KO) deleted the three TTP family members in mouse liver and characterized the phenotype of the resulting mice strains using histopathological, immunohistochemical, clinical, and transcriptomic approaches. The triple KO mice exhibited chronic active peri-portal hepatitis, bile duct hyperplasia, and portal fibrosis. Immunohistochemically, increased numbers of T cells, B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils were detected within the peri-portal areas. Increased expression of heme-oxygenase-1, a marker of reactive oxygen species was also found. Clinically, serum levels of bile acids, bilirubin, and liver function enzymes were markedly elevated. Transcriptomic and bioinformatics analysis of liver RNA demonstrated novel potential liver specific inflammatory and metabolic mRNA targets of TTP family proteins that are post-transcriptionally regulated by TTP family proteins in both specific and redundant manner. In summary, our study provides strong evidence that TTP family of RNA binding proteins maintain immune and metabolic homeostasis in the liver.
Odour and ﬂavour thresholds for key aroma components in an orange juice matrix: terpenes and aldehydes (2004)

Abstract Thresholds for ﬂavour volatiles have been traditionally calculated in water or air, but they may vary widely in more complex matrices. Thresholds of key aroma compounds of orange juice (OJ) were determined in a deodorized OJ matrix. The three‐alternative‐forced‐choice (3‐AFC) method was used (ASTM: E‐679). Untrained panelists, 33–58 in number, were presented with deodorized orange juice samples arranged in ﬁve rows of three samples, corresponding to ﬁve spiking levels, each separated by a factor of 3, with a 3‐AFC presentation at each level. The test was repeated at least three times for experienced panelists. Odour thresholds in the orange juice matrix were 15 times (citral, hexanal) to over 200 times ( β ‐pinene, limonene) higher than published values in water. Retronasal odour thresholds were more consistent with published values, being higher only by 2–60‐fold, except for octanal which was higher by 187‐fold. These results will provide the industry with more realistic threshold guidelines for use in ﬂavouring citrus juices. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Playing, thinking and communicating sciences: museum scientific disclosure on ludodidactic and graphic basis (2019)

Da circa dieci anni, all'inizio del nuovo anno scolastico, il Museo universitario di Chieti offre agli insegnanti la possibilità di partecipare ad incontri di "ludo didattica scientifica" per implementare l'insegnamento e l'apprendimento delle scienze. Alla base di questi appuntamenti annuali dal titolo "Giocare, pensare e comunicare le scienze" vi sono esperimenti semplici, facilmente realizzabili dagli studenti con materiali da riciclo. Con il tempo, è nata l'esigenza di predisporre uno strumento didattico utile a tracciare le linee guida dei singoli esperimenti-giochi, quasi un "manuale di procedura" dedicato però, non solo agli insegnanti e agli adulti in generale, ma anche ad un pubblico di giovanissimi. Per tale ragione il Museo ha deciso di produrre un volume, con una veste editoriale volutamente pratica, frutto dell'esperienza e di un lungo lavoro di esperti di didattica museale e di disegnatori e grafici competenti per promuovere la costruzione del pensiero scientifico. Si tratta, in sintesi, del primo esperimento di didattica della scienza nel quale lo sforzo di grafica museale è stato sviluppato allo scopo di agevolare la comprensione e la fruizione di concetti scientifici in destinatari con esigenze così diverse tra loro (adulti e bambini).
Wire bonding, bumping &amp; assembly related failures &amp; improvements (2011)

In this paper, investigation of wire bonding, bumping and assembly related failures are performed using optical microscopy, secondary electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Also, the understandings of the failures and root causes are presented. For example, corrosions caused by contaminant such as Fluorine and Cu precipitates on Al-Cu alloyed bond pads that lead to discolored or non-stick on pads problem are discussed. In addition, the formation of small bumps when oxide/silicon nitride passivation is employed and chipping at die edges caused during assembly that leads to open-circuit are studied. In conclusion, possible solutions of these failures are recommended to achieve robust assembly and packaging.
Time-dependent Diffusion in Extra-Axial Brain Tumors Investigated with Oscillating-gradient Spin-echo. (2023)

The purpose of our study was to investigate the utility of changes in diffusivity between short and long effective diffusion times (&amp;Delta; eff ) in distinguishing extra-axial brain tumors. Patients with 12 meningiomas, 13 acoustic neuromas, and 11 pituitary adenomas were undergoing diffusion-weighted imaging with &amp;Delta; eff of 6.5 ms and 35.2 ms. The dependence of &amp;lambda;1, &amp;lambda;2, &amp;lambda;3, and MD values on &amp;Delta; eff was stronger in pituitary adenomas than in meningiomas and acoustic neuroma, suggesting differences in internal tissue structure. Our results showed that the use of DTI with shorter &amp;Delta; eff provides additional information about the microstructure of brain tumors.
Conformational study of porphyrin-based molecules using non-contact atomic force microscopy (2004)

To control the interaction between tetrakis(3,5 di-t-butylphenyl)porphyrin (TBPP) molecules and substrates, 5-(4-methylthiophenyl)-10,15,20-tris(3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)porphyrin (MSTBPP) molecules were tailored; one of the four di-t-butylphenyl groups of TBPP molecules was replaced by a methylthiophenyl group. By means of non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) operated in the force feedback control mode, the conformation of MSTBPP molecules deposited on an Au(111) substrate was investigated. It was found that the methylthiophenyl group introduced into the TBPP molecules enhanced the attractive interaction between the molecule and the substrate. This interaction seems to improve the spatial resolution of NC-AFM.
Synthesis and Physico‐Chemical Properties of Novel Biocompatible AlkylD‐Mannopyranosiduronate Surfactants Derived from Alginate (2005)

Abstract The present article describes the preparation and the physico‐chemical properties of novel biocompatible surfactants derived from alginate for applications in detergents and cosmetics. Controlled acid hydrolysis of commercially available alginate from Laminaria digitata gives saturated oligo‐mannuronates on a multigram scale. Subsequent one‐pot acid glycosidic bond hydrolysis, esterification and stereocontrolled Fischer glycosylation in butanol with the related oligouronates efficiently provides n ‐butyl ( n ‐butyl α‐ D ‐mannopyranosiduronate) ( 3 ). Double‐tailed amphiphiles were next obtained from this key intermediate 3 by transesterification/transglycosylation processes in fatty alcohols. Aqueous basic and acid treatments furnished anionic or neutral single‐tailed surfactants. These original alginate‐derived amphiphiles exhibit attractive surface‐tension and foaming properties. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)