gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A DC Solid-State Transformer With DC Fault Ride-Through Capability (2021)

This article investigates a dc solid-state transformer (DCSST) with dc fault ride-through (FRT) capability for medium-voltage dc (MVDC) systems. The FRT requirement for DCSST in dc grid is investigated. Short-circuit fault clearance on the medium-voltage (MV) side is realized by introducing full-bridge converters with cascaded dc converter modules on the MV side of the DCSST. The FRT strategy under typical voltage sags is analyzed. Factors affecting the fault clearing and system recovery are considered, including the number of full-bridge converters, the values of dc inductance, and the dc-link bus voltage. The concept is verified with both simulations and experiments.
Chip-Based High-Sensitivity Detection of Multiple Disease Biomarkers (2006)

Presented in this paper is development of a protocol that employs microarrayed DNA patterns within the channels of an integrated lab-on-a-chip system. The patterned microchannels are used in conjunction with the Bio-Barcode Assay for the rapid multiplexed detection of six DNA disease biomarkers in a single experiment. The successful implementation of the Bio-Barcode Assay in a microfluidic device was further demonstrated by detecting as few as 300 prostate-specific antigen molecules in goat serum samples.
Triacetin‐based acetate supplementation as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant therapy in glioma (2013)

Cancer is associated with epigenetic (i.e., histone hypoacetylation) and metabolic (i.e., aerobic glycolysis) alterations. Levels of N-acetyl-L-aspartate (NAA), the primary storage form of acetate in the brain, and aspartoacylase (ASPA), the enzyme responsible for NAA catalysis to generate acetate, are reduced in glioma; yet, few studies have investigated acetate as a potential therapeutic agent. This preclinical study sought to test the efficacy of the food additive Triacetin (glyceryl triacetate, GTA) as a novel therapy to increase acetate bioavailability in glioma cells. The growth-inhibitory effects of GTA, compared to the histone deacetylase inhibitor Vorinostat (SAHA), were assessed in established human glioma cell lines (HOG and Hs683 oligodendroglioma, U87 and U251 glioblastoma) and primary tumor-derived glioma stem-like cells (GSCs), relative to an oligodendrocyte progenitor line (Oli-Neu), normal astrocytes, and neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro. GTA was also tested as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant with temozolomide (TMZ) in orthotopically grafted GSCs. GTA-induced cytostatic growth arrest in vitro comparable to Vorinostat, but, unlike Vorinostat, GTA did not alter astrocyte growth and promoted NSC expansion. GTA alone increased survival of mice engrafted with glioblastoma GSCs and potentiated TMZ to extend survival longer than TMZ alone. GTA was most effective on GSCs with a mesenchymal cell phenotype. Given that GTA has been chronically administered safely to infants with Canavan disease, a leukodystrophy due to ASPA mutation, GTA-mediated acetate supplementation may provide a novel, safe chemotherapeutic adjuvant to reduce the growth of glioma tumors, most notably the more rapidly proliferating, glycolytic and hypoacetylated mesenchymal glioma tumors.
Capsule endoscopy in the management of a patient with a rare syndrome: Figure 1 (2006)

Capsule endoscopy in the management of a patient with a rare syndrome--yellow nail syndrome with intestinal lymphangiectasia.
Compressed Sensing Algorithms for OFDM Channel Estimation (2016)

Radio channels are typically sparse in the delay domain, and ideal for compressed sensing. A new compressed sensing algorithm called eX-OMP is developed that yields performance similar to that of the optimal MMSE estimator. The new algorithm relies on a small amount additional data. Both eX-OMP and the MMSE estimator adaptively balance channel tracking and noise reduction. They perform better than simple estimators such as the linear-interpolator which fix this trade-off a priori. Some wideband measurements are examined, and the channels are found to be represented by a few delays.
Management of Amniotic Sheet with a Hammock-like Placenta (2016)

An amniotic sheet is a septation in the amniotic cavity with a perforation that allows amniotic fluid to pass through. Although the incidence of abnormal placental implantation is higher in such cases, the management recommendations remain unclear. We report a case of an amniotic sheet with a hammock-like placenta located in the center of the uterine cavity. A 25-year-old woman with a history of two dilation and curettage procedures was found to have an amniotic cavity separated by a septum that contained part of the placenta. At gestational Week 32, magnetic resonance images revealed that the placenta was attached from the anterior to posterior uterine walls and resembled a hammock hanging in the center of the uterus. Subsequently, continuous intravenous administration of ritodrine hydrochloride and magnesium sulfate were given. The pregnancy was extended to Week 36. Elective cesarean section was performed, and a 3212-g female infant was delivered. Thus, owing to the risk of umbilical cord complications and placental injury secondary to premature rupture of membranes, aggressive and careful perinatal management is required in such cases.
Electrostatic Controlled Linear Inchworm Actuator (2002)

This paper describes Electrostatic Controlled Linear Inchworm Actuator (ECLIA) for advanced positioning. Besides accuracy, large stroke motion and high throughput become important to improve positioning efficiency. This paper presents ECLIA that can provide high accuracy (nm order) due to a piezoactuation, large stroke (mm order) through an inchworm motion, and high throughput of parallel motion of several actuators. Furthermore, vertical motion type of ECLIA is also designed and presented. Design, implementation and demonstration of a variety of ECLIA will be reported.
Phosphotransfer networks and cellular energetics (2003)

Precise coupling of spatially separated intracellular ATP-producing and ATP-consuming processes is fundamental to the bioenergetics of living organisms, ensuring a fail-safe operation of the energetic system over a broad range of cellular functional activities. Here, we provide an overview of the role of spatially arranged enzymatic networks, catalyzed by creatine kinase, adenylate kinase, carbonic anhydrase and glycolytic enzymes, in efficient high-energy phosphoryl transfer and signal communication in the cell. Studies of transgenic creatine kinase and adenylate kinase deficient mice, along with pharmacological targeting of individual enzymes, have revealed the importance of near-equilibrium reactions in the dissipation of metabolite gradients and communication of energetic signals to distinct intracellular compartments, including the cell nucleus and membrane metabolic sensors. Enzymatic capacities, isoform distribution and the dynamics of net phosphoryl flux through the integrated phosphotransfer systems tightly correlate with cellular functions, indicating a critical role of such networks in efficient energy transfer and distribution, thereby securing the cellular economy and energetic homeostasis under stress.
The rescue of developing avian motoneurons from programmed cell death by a selective inhibitor of the fetal muscle‐specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (2008)

In an attempt to determine whether the rescue of developing motoneurons (MNS) from programmed cell death (PCD) in the chick embryo following reductions in neuromuscular function involves muscle or neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), we have employed a novel cone snail toxin alphaA-OIVA that acts selectively to antagonize the embryonic/fetal form of muscle nAChRs. The results demonstrate that alphaA-OIVA is nearly as effective as curare or alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) in reducing neuromuscular function and is equally effective in increasing MN survival and intramuscular axon branching. Together with previous reports, we also provide evidence consistent with a transition between the embryonic/fetal form to the adult form of muscle nAChRs in chicken that involves the loss of the gamma subunit in the adult receptor. We conclude that selective inhibition of the embryonic/fetal form of the chicken muscle nAChR is sufficient to rescue MNs from PCD without any involvement of neuronal nAChRs.
Distal Triceps Knotless Anatomic Footprint Repair Is Superior to Transosseous Cruciate Repair: A Biomechanical Comparison (2014)

The increased biomechanical strength and resistance to displacement at the tendon-bone interface may lead to improved clinical outcomes with the knotless anatomic footprint repair technique and warrants further clinical study.
Heart rate/impulse monitoring using autonomous PVDF-integrated dual-gate thin-film transistor (2016)

In wearable electronics, autonomous sensor can potentially ease the usage of bulky battery and eventually lead to a sustainable system. In this paper, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric film-integrated dual-gate thin-film transistor (TFT) is utilized to monitor human vital signs such as heart rate or impulse rate. The voltage generated by the PVDF from the impulse itself drives the TFT that rectifies and converts impulse signal to the weak current signal feeding to the low-noise amplifier. The preliminary results of such device in addition to system design of chip-based sensor-integrated RFID tag are addressed to unveil the promising applications in wearable electronics.
Filter-through device: a distributed RF-MEMS capacitive series switch (2005)

Micro-electromechanical systems are presented as promising enabling devices for future telecommunication systems and architectures. Capacitive switches in particular have quickly captured the interest of designers and process developers by their apparent simplicity and promises of great performance in terms of linearity, insertion loss, isolation, frequency band of application and level of integration. In practice however, capacitive devices, and especially their series implementation, have proven more subtle to develop than was first thought. This paper presents the design, realization and measurement of a novel type of high performance distributed capacitive series switching device. The structure realizes a MEMS filter-through characteristic using only transmission line resonators and capacitive series switches with modest capacitance ratio. Key characteristics of this design are the use of filter theory to achieve a high isolation and a proper choice of the filter architecture allowing us to modify a narrow passband characteristic into a very wideband through upon actuation of its RF-MEMS building blocks. The device has two functional states, i.e. idle (RF-OFF) and actuated (RF-ON). The filter-through device thus allows a simpler biasing scheme than the combinations of series and shunt switches commonly used for broadband high performance capacitive switching. Between 0.5 and 22 GHz, the measured isolation and insertion loss of the filter-through are better than 50 dB and 2.7 dB, respectively. The major part of the insertion loss is due to the resistive loss in the 8.4 mm long lines and can be improved by minor process changes not involving the MEMS building blocks.
Alternation of inverse problem approach and deep learning for lens-free microscopy image reconstruction (2020)

A lens-free microscope is a simple imaging device performing in-line holographic measurements. In the absence of focusing optics, a reconstruction algorithm is used to retrieve the sample image by solving the inverse problem. This is usually performed by optimization algorithms relying on gradient computation. However the presence of local minima leads to unsatisfactory convergence when phase wrapping errors occur. This is particularly the case in large optical thickness samples, for example cells in suspension and cells undergoing mitosis. To date, the occurrence of phase wrapping errors in the holographic reconstruction limits the application of lens-free microscopy in live cell imaging. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel approach in which the reconstruction alternates between two approaches, an inverse problem optimization and deep learning. The computation starts with a first reconstruction guess of the cell sample image. The result is then fed into a neural network, which is trained to correct phase wrapping errors. The neural network prediction is next used as the initialization of a second and last reconstruction step, which corrects to a certain extent the neural network prediction errors. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach in solving the phase wrapping problem occurring with cells in suspension at large densities. This is a challenging sample that typically cannot be reconstructed without phase wrapping errors, when using inverse problem optimization alone.
Bacteriophage T7 Deoxyribonucleic Acid Replication in Vitro (1974)

Abstract A cell-free system for the study of bacteriophage T7 DNA replication has been developed. DNA synthesis in vitro requires the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates and an exogenous T7 DNA template. The rate of synthesis is increased 5- to 6-fold by the four ribonucleoside triphosphates. The products of the phage gene 4 and gene 5 (DNA polymerase), but not those of genes 2, 3, and 6, are required for DNA synthesis in vitro. The kinetics of synthesis is linear for 20 to 30 min, and 30 min after the start of the reaction the amount of DNA synthesized is 2 to 3 times the amount of template DNA added to the reaction. The product is not covalently attached to the template. Analysis by zone sedimentation through alkaline sucrose gradients indicates that the products of synthesis are short (11 S) DNA chains, suggesting that the sealing of Okazaki pieces into DNA of high molecular weight is inefficient in this in vitro reaction. Examination of the product in the electron microscope reveals many large, forked molecules, indicating that in some cases large portions of the T7 genome are replicated in vitro.
Adaptive Non Orthogonal MFSK (2014)

M-ary frequency shift keying (MFSK) using one or more orthogonal tones per symbol has been in use in non-coherent systems for quite some time. We present an alternate system for non-coherent systems using non-orthogonal tones, spread non-uniformly throughout the bandwidth, which outperforms the equivalent orthogonal tone system. We demonstrate that from a theoretical capacity point of view, the same bit rate could be achieved by the proposed system with as much as 2.5 dB lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). For some practical configurations we demonstrate as much as 2 dB of gain. We present the performance with maximum-likelihood (ML) receivers as well as least-squares (LS) receivers as well as lower complexity receivers based on compressed sensing (CS). We also demonstrate that such a non-orthogonal system may be used to increase the spectral efficiency of the overall system by adapting the spectral efficiency in response to the link SNR. Such an adaptive non-orthogonal MFSK system requires estimation of the SNR (or Es/N0), and we present both the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) as well as maximum-likelihood (ML) estimators, which attain the CRLB for both data-aided (DA) SNR estimation as well as non-data-aided (NDA) SNR estimation.
Recainam dose titration and pharmacokinetics in patients with resistant arrhythmias (1989)

Recainam, a new antiarrhythmic drug, was evaluated in 20 patients with drug-resistant stable ventricular arrhythmias. Dosage was increased stepwise every 48 to 72 hours until arrhythmia suppression, side effects, or a predetermined maximal dosage occurred. After a pharmacokinetic evaluation, efficacy was confirmed in a double-blind, crossover protocol. One patient had unusable ambulatory ECG data. There were 14 of 19 patients who responded during dose titration; efficacy was confirmed in 11 of 14. The mean effective dosage and trough plasma concentration were 427 mg every 8 hours and 1.83 micrograms/ml, respectively. One patient withdrew because of nausea. Slowing of intraventricular conduction necessitated dosage reduction in two patients. Plasma half-life was 9.4 +/- 4.1 hours, with renal elimination accounting for 62% of oral clearance. However, 66% of the variability in oral drug clearance was the result of nonrenal elimination. Oral recainam at dosages of 300 to 600 mg every 8 hours is effective in some drug-resistant ventricular arrhythmias and is well tolerated.
The UnEmap project (2002)

The UnEmap (Universal Electrophysiological Mapping) project aims at providing the best recording technologies to researchers involved in various types of electrophysiological (EP) studies. The universality of such system not only allows various researchers in different application areas to have access to advanced instrumentation technologies but it also allows them to change the parameters of the system within particular types of studies. Therefore, it allows them to perform experiments without being restricted by the lack of flexibility of the instrument. This paper describes the design methodology used and with a very basic description, briefly explains the main principles that were embedded in this instrument in order to achieve a high level of universality.
INDUCTION OF SPECIES-SPECIFIC HOST ACCOMMODATION IN THE HAMSTER-TO-LEWIS RAT TRANSPLANTATION MODEL (1998)

474 Background: The combination of two immunosuppressants, leflunomide (Lef) and cyclosporine (CsA), completely inhibits immune xenoreactions in the hamster-to-Lewis rat xenotransplantation model. In addition, a transient treatment with Lef and CsA subdues early T-independent xenoreactivity and uncovers a late immune response that can be controlled by CsA alone. We attribute this acquired sensitivity to CsA to a modification in the recipient's humoral response to the xenograft and refer to this change as host accommodation. This study further characterizes the induction of host accomodation in this rodent model of concordant xenotransplantation. Methods: Accommodation was induced in Lewis rats transplanted with hearts from Golden Syrian hamster with the combination of Lef (5 mg/kg/d) and CsA (20 mg/kg/d) for 7-21 days and maintained on CsA (20 mg/kg/d) for the duration of the experiment. The specificity of the accommodated state was defined by transplanting additional hamster or mouse hearts into the accommodated Lewis recipients. The titers of xenoreactive antibodies were determined by flow cytometry. Results: Host accommodation was induced in Lewis rats receiving hamster hearts and the combination of Lef and CsA, but not with either of these agents alone. A ≥7 day treatment of Lef and CsA was able to convert xenoreactivity from one that was resistant to CsA treatment into one that was completely controlled by CsA. The presence of the hamster xenograft was critical for the induction of host accommodation since the immunosuppressive regimen alone, or in combination with donor-specific transfusion with spleen cells, were unable to modify the anti-hamster reactivity in Lewis rats. Finally we report that when accommodation was induced in the presence of hamster hearts, these accommodated Lewis rats were able to acutely reject third-party mouse hearts while under CsA therapy. Conclusions: Induction of host accommodation requires the combination of Lef and CsA as well as the presence of the xenograft, and is associated with a loss in the ability to mount a T-independent xenoantibody response. The ability of the accommodated host to respond with a T-dependent xenoantibody response is retained and is controllable with CsA alone. Finally, the species-specificity of host-accommodation suggests that xenoreactive T-independent humoral responses can be selectively deleted without significant loss of other innate, antigen-specific T-independent humoral responses.
Discovery of Potent and Simplified Piperidinone-Based Inhibitors of the MDM2–p53 Interaction (2014)

Continued optimization of the N-substituent in the piperidinone series provided potent piperidinone-pyridine inhibitors 6, 7, 14, and 15 with improved pharmacokinetic properties in rats. Reducing structure complexity of the N-alkyl substituent led to the discovery of 23, a potent and simplified inhibitor of MDM2. Compound 23 exhibits excellent pharmacokinetic properties and substantial in vivo antitumor activity in the SJSA-1 osteosarcoma xenograft mouse model.
Characterization of the fourier spatial frequencies of time resolved laser speckle from interacting high density lipoprotein disks (2014)

Fourier spatial frequency analysis of 2-D laser speckle images was used to identify the interaction of high density lipoprotein (HDL) nanoparticles in aqueous suspension at different ionic strengths. The decorrelation function of a time series of laser speckle images was used to identify key spectral ranges of HDL samples, and characteristic frequencies were extracted. These families of frequencies can be used as unique identifiers of nanometer scale structure in particle suspensions.
Acoustic Signal Processing (2018)

This chapter focuses on some of the algorithms and technologies in digital signal processing that are used in audio and electroacoustics (A&E). Because A&E embraces a wide range of topics, it is impossible for us to go into any depth in any one of them. The chapter looks at steerable microphone arrays, digital hearing aids, spatial processing, audio coding, echo cancelation, and active noise and sound control. Steerable microphone arrays have controllable directional characteristics. One important application is in teleconferencing. Sound pickup can be highly degraded by reverberation and room noise. One solution to this problem is to utilize highly directional microphones. Commonly used hearing aids attempt to compensate for both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss by delivering an amplified acoustic signal to the external ear canal. Underwater acoustics entails the development and employment of acoustical methods to image underwater features, to communicate information via the oceanic wave-guide, or to measure oceanic properties.
Cricopharyngeal peroral endoscopic myotomy improves oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with Parkinson’s disease (2021)

Abstract Background and study aims Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) is prevalent in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Upper esophageal sphincter (UES) dysfunction is an important pathophysiological factor for OPD in PD. The cricopharyngeus (CP) is the main component of UES. We assessed the preliminary efficacy of cricopharyngeal peroral endoscopic myotomy (C-POEM) as a treatment for dysphagia due to UES dysfunction in PD. Patients and methods Consecutive dysphagic PD patients with UES dysfunction underwent C-POEM. Swallow metrics derived using high-resolution pharyngeal impedance manometry (HRPIM) including raised UES integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), raised hypopharyngeal intrabolus pressure (IBP), reduced UES opening caliber and relaxation time defined UES dysfunction. Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ) and Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire (SWAL-QOL) at before and 1 month after C-POEM measured symptomatic improvement in swallow function. HRPIM was repeated at 1-month follow-up. Results C-POEM was performed without complications in all (n = 8) patients. At 1 month, there was an improvement in both the mean SSQ (from 621.5 to 341.8, mean difference –277.3, 95 %CI [–497.8, –56.7], P = 0.02) and SWAL-QOL (from 54.9 to 68.3, mean difference 9.1, 95 %CI [0.7, 17.5], P = 0.037) scores. Repeat HRPIM confirmed a decrease in both the mean UES IRP (13.7 mm Hg to 3.6 mm Hg, mean difference –10.1 mm Hg, 95 %CI [–16.3, –3.9], P = 0.007) and the mean hypopharyngeal IBP (23.5 mm Hg to 10.4 mm Hg, mean difference –11.3 mm Hg, 95 %CI [–17.2, –5.4], P = 0.003). Conclusions In dysphagic PD patients with UES dysfunction, C-POEM is feasible and enhances UES relaxation and reduces sphincteric resistance to flow during the swallow, thereby improving dysphagia symptoms.