gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Si Nanowires Fabricated by Metal-Assisted Etching to Crystalline Si Solar Cells (2012)

Reflection and transmission through a solar cell can be significantly reduced using light-trapping structures. This approach can be applied to both crystalline and thin-film solar cells to improve the light absorption and conversion efficiency of the cell. In this study, vertically aligned Si nanowires were fabricated over a large area via a metal-assisted etching technique. Following a detailed parametric study, nanowires were applied to industrial-size (156 mm × 156 mm) Si solar cells. The reflectivity from the device surface was reduced to less than 5% for the entire visible spectrum (350-750 nm), including the blue-violet region. Standard solar cell fabrication procedures were employed to fabricate cells with and without Si nanowires, and the results showed that the efficiencies of solar cells with nanowires were similar to those of standard pyramid-textured cells, revealing the potential of the proposed concept. A systematic study of the dependence of the solar cell parameters on the length of the nanowires was performed. The quantum efficiency of the cells exhibited relatively poor performance in the blue-ultraviolet range of the spectrum, and enhancement in carrier generation was observed in the red-infrared region especially for shorter nanowires.
Contralateral Progression of Unilateral Moyamoya Disease: A Clinical Series (2006)

s of Oral Proceedings: 2006 Joint Annual Meeting of the AANS/CNS Cerebrovascular Section and the American Society of Interventional & Therapeutic Neuroradiology Caribe Royale Orlando—Orlando, Florida February 17–20, 2006: Anatomy: Cerebrovascular
A Novel Negative Allosteric Modulator Selective for GluN2C/2D-Containing NMDA Receptors Inhibits Synaptic Transmission in Hippocampal Interneurons (2017)

N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors that mediate excitatory synaptic transmission and have been implicated in numerous neurological disorders. NMDARs typically comprise two GluN1 and two GluN2 subunits. The four GluN2 subtypes (GluN2A-GluN2D) have distinct functional properties and gene expression patterns, which contribute to diverse functional roles for NMDARs in the brain. Here, we present a series of GluN2C/2D-selective negative allosteric modulators built around a N-aryl benzamide (NAB) core. The prototypical compound, NAB-14, is >800-fold selective for recombinant GluN2C/GluN2D over GluN2A/GluN2B in Xenopus oocytes and has an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 580 nM at recombinant GluN2D-containing receptors expressed in mammalian cells. NAB-14 inhibits triheteromeric (GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2C) NMDARs with modestly reduced potency and efficacy compared to diheteromeric (GluN1/GluN2C/GluN2C) receptors. Site-directed mutagenesis suggests that structural determinants for NAB-14 inhibition reside in the GluN2D M1 transmembrane helix. NAB-14 inhibits GluN2D-mediated synaptic currents in rat subthalamic neurons and mouse hippocampal interneurons, but has no effect on synaptic transmission in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, which do not express GluN2C or GluN2D. This series possesses some druglike physical properties and modest brain permeability in rat and mouse. Altogether, this work identifies a new series of negative allosteric modulators that are valuable tools for studying GluN2C- and GluN2D-containing NMDAR function in brain circuits, and suggests that the series has the potential to be developed into therapies for selectively modulating brain circuits involving the GluN2C and GluN2D subunits.
Wired and Wireless Network Convergence in 5G/IoT Era (2019)

Seamless convergence between wired and wireless systems is indispensable for 5G/IoT networks by the development of not only advanced wireless systems but also the innovation of the wired networks. In particular, to attain the features on high throughput, low latency, and huge capacity on connected devices, stringent and flexible management of quality of services is demanded in the network side. In the scenario, software-defined network and network function virtualization will play important roles in the resource management as well as slicing multi-services on the network. PHY and L2 layers should be performed for energy efficient and low footprint subsystems like a highly efficient switch. This workshop discusses the function of the optical and network technologies in future wireless access networks.
Escherichia coli sulfite reductase hemoprotein subunit. Prosthetic groups, catalytic parameters, and ligand complexes. (1982)

Escherichia coli NADPH-sulfite reductase can be dissociated into an oligomeric flavoprotein and a monomeric hemoprotein (HP) subunit in 4 M urea. HP catalyzes stoichiometric 6-electron reductions of SO32- (to S2-) and of NO2-, as well as 2-electron reduction of NH2OH, with reduced methyl viologen (MV+) as reductant. While Vmax values are highest with the nitrogenous substrates, Km for SO32- is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude less than the Km for NO2- or NH2OH. EPR spectroscopic and chemical analyses show that HP contains one siroheme and one Fe4S4 center per polypeptide. The heme is in the high spin Fe3+ state in HP as isolated. Near-quantitative reduction of the Fe4S4 center to a state yielding a g = 1.94 type of EPR spectrum by S2O42- and/or MV+ could be achieved if HP was converted to either the CN- or CO complex or treated with 80% dimethyl sulfoxide. HP binds one SO32- or CN- per peptide. Binding of these ligands, as well as CO, appears to be mutually exclusive and to involve the heme. The heme Fe3+/Fe2+ potential is shifted from -340 mV in the free HP to -155 mV in the HP-CN- complex. The potential of the Fe4S4 center is approximately 70 mV more negative in the CN- as opposed to the CO-ligated HP (-420 mV), a result which indicates the presence of heme-Fe4S4-ligand interaction in the HP complexes.
Haptic rendering of planar rigid-body motion using a redundant parallel mechanism (2002)

We present a system for rendering planar rigid-body motion by means of a redundant parallel mechanism. The device design, the control architecture and the passive virtual environment simulation are presented. The system is used to compare various virtual walls and friction models proposed for haptic applications. In addition, the reset-integrator dry friction model proposed by Haessig and Friedland (1991) is implemented in a haptic interface for the first time.
Simultaneous heterojunction organic solar cells with broad spectral sensitivity (2008)

We demonstrate organic solar cells incorporating two simultaneously active donor-acceptor heterojunctions contained within a single film with sensitivity extending across the visible solar spectrum into the near infrared (NIR). The NIR absorbing material, tin(II)-phthalocyanine (SnPc), is grown into nanocrystalline islands using organic vapor phase deposition. Using an optimized copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)∕SnPc∕C60 nanocrystalline network, we obtain a power conversion efficiency of (2.9±0.2)% under 100mW∕cm2, AM1.5G illumination. We find that the open circuit voltage of the simultaneous heterojunction is determined by the lowest voltage of the separate donor-acceptor constituent junctions.
The application of ion beam analysis to calcium phosphate-based biomaterials (1996)

Ion beam technology may be applied in a straightforward fashion to the analysis and modification of biomaterials. For analytical purposes, characterization using megaelectron-volt He2+ ions provides a standardless, nondestructive means for accurately quantifying the composition of material surfaces and the thickness of thin films. In this study, three complementary ion backscattering techniques were utilized to characterize hydroxyapatite (HA) films: Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) can determine composition and amounts of elements heavier than He; forward recoil elastic spectrometry (FRES) can determine hydrogen content; resonance-enhanced RBS can quantify small amounts of light elements, e.g. carbon, by choosing a particular incident beam energy resulting in excitation of the light element nucleus. At this resonance energy, the scattering cross section greatly increases, improving elemental sensitivity. Sol-gel chemistry was used to synthesize HA films by spin coating and annealing in a rapid thermal processor. Using these techniques, the chemical composition of unfired films was Ca1.63O5.4H1.8C0.24P with a thickness of 3.01 x 10(18) atoms/cm2 and after firing at 800 degrees C as Ca1.66O4.0H0.26C0.09P with a thickness of 2.11 x 10(18) atoms/cm2. This compares favorably to stoichiometric HA, which has a composition of Ca1.67O4.33H0.33P.
Approaches to the assembly of the antifungal agent FR-900848: studies on the asymmetric synthesis of bicyclopropanes and an X-ray crystallographic analysis of (4R,5R)-2-[(1R,3S,4S,6R)-6-phenyl-1-bicyclopropyl]-1,3-dimethyl-4,5-diphenylimidazolidine (1994)

Both syn- and anti-bicyclopropane derivatives are efficiently prepared with good relative and absolute stereocontrol; structures are unequivocally determined by an X-ray crystallographic study of the title imidazolidine derivative.
Microscale friction phenomena in oscillatory sliding contacts (2007)

Microscale friction phenomena encountered in oscillatory sliding contacts were examined with a special reciprocating surface micromachine. Variations in static and dynamic friction forces were tracked in situ throughout testing under controlled loading and environmental conditions. Stick-slip surface interactions emerged at high numbers of sliding cycles. An unexpected binary friction behavior occurred as sliding transitioned between two-body and three-body conditions due to the formation of fine wear particles. The dominant friction mechanisms arising at the asperity scale are interpreted in the context of temporal evolutions of the static and dynamic friction forces and the decrease of the static and dynamic operational safety factors with accumulating sliding cycles. An important finding is that oscillating microdevices tend to fail in static friction mode rather than in dynamic friction mode. The results of this study illustrate the important role of microscale stick-slip phenomena in high-speed oscillatory microcontacts and the need for developing dynamic friction theories applicable at the microscale.
Strain-induced enhancement of plasma dispersion effect and free-carrier absorption in SiGe optical modulators (2013)

The plasma dispersion effect and free-carrier absorption are widely used for changing refractive index and absorption coefficient in Si-based optical modulators. However, these free-carrier effects in Si are not large enough for making the footprint of the Si modulators small. Here, we have theoretically and experimentally investigated the enhancement of the plasma dispersion effect and free-carrier absorption by strain-induced mass modulation in silicon-germanium (SiGe). The application of compressive strain to SiGe reduces the conductivity hole mass, resulting in the enhanced free-carrier effects. Thus, the strained SiGe-based optical modulator exhibits more than twice modulation efficiency as large as that of the Si modulator. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first demonstration of the enhanced free-carrier effects in strained SiGe at the near-infrared telecommunication wavelength. The strain-induced enhancement technology for the free-carrier effects is expected to boost the modulation efficiency of the most Si-based optical modulators thanks to high complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility.
Definitive Carbon-13 Chemical Shift Assignments in 2-Substituted Adamantane Derivatives by Deuterium Isotope Effects (1993)

Abstract Deuterium isotope effects on carbon-13 chemical shifts in 5-[2H]-isotopomeres of ten 2-substituted adamantane derivatives were determined and used for complete assignment of their carbon-13 NMR spectra. The carbon-13 NMR spectra of ten 2-substituted adamantane derivatives have been assignated by consideration of deuterium isotope effects. Some four- and five-bond downfield deuterium effects on certain chemical shifts have been measured and attributed to remote hyperconjugative interactions.
An Algorithm Unrolling Approach to Deep Image Deblurring (2019)

While neural networks have achieved vastly enhanced performance over traditional iterative methods in many cases, they are generally empirically designed and the underlying structures are difficult to interpret. The algorithm unrolling approach has helped connect iterative algorithms to neural network architectures. However, such connections have not been made yet for blind image deblurring. In this paper, we propose a neural network architecture that advances this idea. We first present an iterative algorithm that may be considered a generalization of the traditional total-variation regularization method on the gradient domain, and subsequently unroll the half-quadratic splitting algorithm to construct a neural network. Our proposed deep network achieves significant practical performance gains while enjoying interpretability at the same time. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms many state-of-the-art methods.
Abnormal high voltage resistivity of polyvinylidene fluoride and implications for applications in high energy density film capacitors (2018)

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based fluoropolymers are promising materials for capacitors in pulsed power applications because of their high dielectric constant compared to other polymers. High energy losses, such as conduction losses or ferroelectric losses, impose great challenges for large-scale commercialization. Here, we present a systematic study on the high field electrical conduction of biaxially oriented PVDF films. The conductivity shows a surprising initial decrease, followed by a gradual increase, with increasing electric field. The unexpected decrease in conductivity arises from ferroelectric switching, and the electric field of the transition point in conductivity is consistent with the switching field for polarization reversal. This suggests that PVDF films with pre-aligned ferroelectric domains could simultaneously exhibit reduced high field conduction losses and ferroelectric losses.
Characterization Methodology of a Millimeter-Wave 65nm CMOS PA Dedicated to 60GHz WPAN Standard (2010)

International audience
Learning and Teaching in Co-Adaptive Guidance for Mixed-Initiative Visual Analytics (2020)

Guidance processes in visual analytics applications often lack adaptivity. In this position paper, we contribute the concept of co-adaptive guidance, building on the principles of initiation and adaptation. We argue that both the user and the system adapt their data-, task- and user/system-models over time. Based on these principles, we propose reasoning about the guidance design space through introducing the concepts of learning and teaching that complement the existing dimension of implicit and explicit guidance, thus, deriving the four guidance dynamics user-teaching, system-teaching, user-learning, and system-learning. Finally, we classify current guidance approaches according to the dynamics, demonstrating their applicability to co-adaptive guidance.
Threshold shift: Effects of cochlear implantation on the risk of pneumococcal meningitis (2007)

Early detection and treatment of pneumococcal infection such as otitis media may be required, as cochlear implantation may lead to a reduction of infectious threshold for meningitis.
Immune Marker Spatial Distribution and Clinical Outcome after PD-1 Blockade in Mismatch Repair–deficient, Advanced Colorectal Carcinomas (2023)

In d-MMR colorectal cancers, PD-1+ to PD-L1+ receptor to ligand proximity is a potential predictive biomarker for the effectiveness of PD-1 blockade.
Genetic evidence for adaptation-driven incipient speciation ofDrosophilamelanogasteralong a microclimatic contrast in “Evolution Canyon,” Israel (2001)

Substantial genetic differentiation, as great as among species, exists between populations of Drosophila melanogaster inhabiting opposite slopes of a small canyon. Previous work has shown that prezygotic sexual isolation and numerous differences in stress-related phenotypes have evolved between D. melanogaster populations in "Evolution Canyon," Israel, in which slopes 100-400 m apart differ dramatically in aridity, solar radiation, and associated vegetation. Because the canyon's width is well within flies' dispersal capabilities, we examined genetic changes associated with local adaptation and incipient speciation in the absence of geographical isolation. Here we report remarkable genetic differentiation of microsatellites and divergence in the regulatory region of hsp70Ba which encodes the major inducible heat shock protein of Drosophila, in the two populations. Additionally, an analysis of microsatellites suggests a limited exchange of migrants and lack of recent population bottlenecks. We hypothesize that adaptation to the contrasting microclimates overwhelms gene flow and is responsible for the genetic and phenotypic divergence between the populations.
ChemInform Abstract: 1H‐1,2,4‐Triazole Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: “C‐Linked” Analogues of SC‐50560. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Declarative Visualization In The Shared Dataspace Paradigm (2005)

This paper is concerned with the use of program visualization as a means for the understanding, debugging, and monitoring of large-scale concurrent programs. Following an overview of the shared dataspace paradigm and the declarative approach to visualization, the paper discusses: (1) mechanisms for specifying declarative visualization in the shared dataspace paradigm and ways of relating the specifications to program verification; (2) a computational model which provides a unified framework for comparing both visual and nonvisual algorithms; and (3) strategies for implementing declarative visualization on parallel machines.
Minimally invasive and surface electroporation delivery of DNA vaccines for the induction of robust humoral immune responses against HIV antigens (2012)

Background Clinical data from the HVTN-080 study demonstrated that intramuscular electroporation (EP) delivery of PENNVAX-B DNA vaccine and the plasmid adjuvant IL-12 generated strong antigen specific cellular immune responses in humans with nearly 90% response rate. We have now developed minimally invasive EP delivery technologies (MID-EP) to target dermal tissue and demonstrate their ability to generate strong antibody (Ab) responses in animal models with DNA antigens – including small pox, influenza, dengue – and have shown protection from viremia and lethality following challenge.
Composition of Reed-Solomon codes and geometric designs (1988)

It is shown that good linear (n,k,d) codes over a finite field GF(q) can be constructed by concatenating the generator matrices of Reed-Solomon codes. For the case of k=3, it is shown that many of the codes obtained using projective-geometry techniques can readily be obtained by the proposed algebraic approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analyse de la fonction ventriculaire droite (2012)

Le ventricule droit (VD) fut longtemps oublie par les cardiologues mais l'experience a montre qu'il conditionne le pronostic des patients dans de nombreuses situations cliniques et que l'evaluation de sa fonction est un element diagnostique majeur lorsqu'une pathologie du VD est suspectee. Apres une revue des diﬀerentes methodes d'evaluation de la fonction ventriculaire droite, cette these explore tout d'abord les limites des deux methodes d'evaluation du VD les plus repandues (IRM et echographie) : Premierement, les indices de contraction longitudinale en echographie ne permettent pas de depister correctement les alterations de la fraction d'ejection dans la situation d'une surcharge volumetrique notamment. Deuxiemement, l'IRM en coupes petit-axe presente des diﬃcultes importantes de delineation de l'endocarde. Les principaux ecarts de contours entre deux observateurs concernent l'infundibulum pour 40% et la valve tricuspide pour 40% egalement. Dans une troisieme partie, nous proposons un indice geometrique simple a calculer lors d'un examen IRM et permettant de pre-selectionner les patients necessitant une etude precise du VD. Cet indice valide sur 340 patients reduit le temps operateur de 35% sans entrainer d'erreur diagnostique. La derniere partie de cette these s'interesse 'a la mesure de la vitesse tissulaire du myocarde et aux indices fonctionnels qui en derivent. Cette mesure necessite une haute resolution temporelle qui peut etre atteinte en IRM en respiration libre au prix d'une augmentation de la duree d'acquisition.
The magnetic field in the central parsec of the Galaxy (2018)

We explore constraints on the joint photometric and morphological evolution of typical low redshift galaxies as they move from the blue cloud through the green valley and on to the red sequence. We select Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey galaxies with 10.25 &lt; log(M*/Mo˙) &lt; 10.75 and z &lt; 0.2 classified according to their intrinsic u* - r* colour. From single component Śersic fits, we find that the stellar mass-sensitive K-band profiles of red and green galaxy populations are very similar while g-band profiles indicate more disc-like morphologies for the green galaxies: apparent (optical) morphological differences arise primarily from radial mass-to-light ratio variations. Two-component fits show that most green galaxies have significant bulge and disc components and that the blue to red evolution is driven by colour change in the disc. Together, these strongly suggest that galaxies evolve from blue to red through secular disc fading and that a strong bulge is present prior to any decline in star formation. The relative abundance of the green population implies a typical time-scale for traversing the green valley ~1-2 Gyr and is independent of environment, unlike that of the red and blue populations. While environment likely plays a role in triggering the passage across the green valley, it appears to have little effect on time taken. These results are consistent with a green valley population dominated by (early type) disc galaxies that are insufficiently supplied with gas to maintain previous levels of disc star formation, eventually attaining passive colours. No single event is needed to quench their star formation. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Proteolytic cleavage of horse liver cytochrome b5. Primary structure of the heme-containing moiety. (1976)

The amino acid sequence of the NH2-terminal segment of horse cytochrome b5, containing the heme binding site, has been determined. A fragment, representing residues 7 through 90, was obtained by tryptic cleavage of native cytochrome b5. Chymotryptic cleavage of native cytochrome b5 yields a peptide containing residues 1 through 98. Contrary to native cytochrome b5, neither derivative showed binding to horse liver microsomal vesicles. The complete primary structure of the polar moiety has been deducted from automated and manual sequence analysis of peptides obtained from tryptic and chymotryptic digests of native cytochrome and apocytochrome preparations. Glutamyl residues at positions 41, 42, 47, and 48 appear to be replaced by aspartyl residues in some molecules. Such microheterogeneity is not observed at glutamyl residues at other positions. The native cytochrome b5 preparation contains a blocked NH2-terminal residue.