gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CeO2 Modulates the Electronic States of a Palladium Onion-Like Carbon Interface into a Highly Active and Durable Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Oxidation in Anion-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cells (2022)

This study reports the preparation, characterization, and electrocatalytic properties of palladium-based catalysts containing ceria (CeO2) on carbon black (CB) and onion-like carbon (OLC) supports. The electrocatalysts (Pd–CeO2/CB and Pd–CeO2/OLC) exhibit a large specific surface area, pore volume, and small particle size, as well as enhanced interfacial interaction and synergy among Pd, CeO2, and OLC in Pd–CeO2/OLC that are valuable for improved electrocatalysis. The presence of CeO2 in Pd–CeO2/OLC induces ca. 7% defects and modifies the electronic structure of the Pd/OLC interface, significantly improving the electrical conductivity due to enhanced charge redistribution, corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Pd–CeO2/OLC displays the lowest adsorption energies (H*, OH*, and OOH*) among the series. For the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), Pd–CeO2/OLC delivers significantly enhanced HOR (mass-specific) activities of 4.2 (8.1), 13.2 (29.6), and 15 (78.5) times more than Pd–CeO2/CB, Pd/OLC, and Pd/CB, respectively, with the best diffusion coefficient (D) and heterogeneous rate constant (k). Pd–CeO2/OLC also displays less degradation during accelerated durability testing. In an anion-exchange-membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) with H2 fuel, Pd–CeO2/OLC achieved the highest peak power density of 1.0 W cm–2 at 3.0 A cm–2 as compared to Pd–CeO2/CB (0.9 W cm–2 at 2.2 A cm–2), Pd/OLC (0.6 W cm–2 at 1.7 A cm–2), and Pd/CB (0.05 W cm–2 at 0.1 A cm–2). These results indicate that Pd–CeO2/OLC promises to serve as a high-performing and durable anode material for AEMFCs.
Comparison of respiratory surrogates for gated lung radiotherapy without internal fiducials (2006)

An investigation was carried out to compare the ability of two respiratory surrogates to mimic actual lung tumor motion during audio coaching. The investigation employed video clips acquired after patients had had fiducial markers implanted in lung tumors to be used for image-guided stereoscopic radiotherapy. The positions of the markers in the clips were measured within the video frames and used as the standard for tumor volume motion. An external marker was tracked optically during the fluoroscopic acquisitions. An image correlation technique was developed to compute a gating signal from the fluoroscopic images. The correlation gating trace was similar to the optical gating trace in the phase regions of the respiratory cycle used for gating. A cross correlation analysis and comparison of the external optical marker gating with internal fluoroscopic gating was performed. The fluoroscopic image correlation surrogate was found to be superior to the external optical surrogate in the AP-views in four out of six cases. In one of the remaining two cases, the two surrogates performed comparably, while in the last case, the external fiducial trace performed best. It was concluded that fluoroscopic gating based on correlation of native image features in the fluoroscopic images will be adequate for respiratory gating.
Melanin, Radiation, and Energy Transduction in Fungi (2017)

Melanin pigments are found in many diverse fungal species, where they serve a variety of functions that promote fitness and cell survival. Melanotic fungi inhabit some of the most extreme habitats on earth such as the damaged nuclear reactor at Chernobyl and the highlands of Antarctica, both of which are high-radiation environments. Melanotic fungi migrate toward radioactive sources, which appear to enhance their growth. This phenomenon, combined with the known capacities of melanin to absorb a broad spectrum of electromagnetic radiation and transduce this radiation into other forms of energy, raises the possibility that melanin also functions in harvesting such energy for biological usage. The ability of melanotic fungi to harness electromagnetic radiation for physiological processes has enormous implications for biological energy flows in the biosphere and for exobiology, since it provides new mechanisms for survival in extraterrestrial conditions. Whereas some features of the way melanin-related energy transduction works can be discerned by linking various observations and circumstantial data, the mechanistic details remain to be discovered.
Improved modeling performance with an adapted vectorial formulation of the Hopkins imaging equation (2003)

The Hopkins imaging theory for partially coherent light is adapted to include vector EM field interference inside a resist film stack. The negligible on-axis component of the EM field before the entrance pupil is ignored and this form is suitable for modeling IC lithographic projection printing. A new module, called TCCcalc, that is part of the Mentor Graphics’ Calibre Workbench modeling suite includes the vector image model inside resist can faithfully capture all physical effects that take place. Reduced contrast of the TM polarization, induced spherical aberration and standing wave creation are identified through examples to be the most important effects at high NA imaging. Application of the new vector image model to experimental data leads to a 20% reduction in the error between simulation and experiment for NA up to 0.75.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL SUBSTITUTED VB ELEMENT SYSTEMS, X. FLUOROANTIMONY BRIDGED POLYNUCLEAR COMPLEXES (1976)

Abstract Die Reaktion der Übergangsmetall‐Sb‐dibromide (I) mit den photochemisch aus entsprechenden Hexacarbonylen gebildeten Pentacarbo‐ nylen (II) liefert die verbrückten Zweikernsysteme (III).
Holographic Rapid Error Detection Of Precise Gear Surfaces. (1985)

Optical precise and rapid method for the inspection of shape error of gear tooth surfaces is developed. Laser light reflected specularly from the gear tooth surfaces is modified to converging spherical wavefront, which converges to a small point. The light intensity through the pinhole put at the position of the converging point is measured photo-electronically. The decrease of the electronic signal coresponds to the surface shape error of the gear tooth.
A cross-linguistic survey of associated motion and directionals (Data Handout) (2017)

This data handout represents the results of a worldwide survey of Associated Motion (AM) and Directionals (DIR), based on a sample of 325 languages following the methodology of the World Atlas of Language Structures. DIR morphemes describe an inherent path in an existing motion event, and AM morphemes add a motion sub-event (and usually path) to another predicate. To maintain consistency, the scope of this survey is only for grammaticalized, morphological AM and DIR systems. Each language in the sample was coded for several features including: the presence of morphological AM and/or DIR and number of contrastive morphemes; certain semantic distinctions such as the direction (itive, ventive, up, down, etc.); whether there is any overlap in function between AM and DIR morphemes; whether AM is prior, concurrent or subsequent; and interactions with other grammatical categories.&#13;\n&#13;\nThis Data Handout accompanies the December 2017 talk at the international workshop on Associated Motion at the 12th Conference of the Association for Linguistic Typology (ALT 12), Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe full abstract for the talk is included at the end of this handout.
1024-Channel Single 5W FPGA Towards High-quality Portable 3D Ultrasound Platform (2017)

Volumetric Ultrasound (US) imaging is an emerging tech- nology for medical US applications. Typically, US imaging is 2D, where a number of vibrating elements, arranged in an array, are used to scan 2D cross-sections of the human body. In volumetric US a matrix probe of vibrating elements is used instead of the array, where conical volumes are reconstructed instead of 2D cross-sections. Today, cardiology and obstetrics are the most benefiting applications from 3D imaging, where better assessment of chamber volumes, and more expressive imaging are provided, respectively. 3D US allows the imaging of entire volumes using a single scan, unlike in 2D imaging, where multiple slices should be acquired precisely by a trained sonographer to be able to diagnose the entire structure. As a result, 3D US imaging speeds up the acquisition time, and eliminates the dependency on the presence of a trained operator during the scan. These characteristics make 3D US ideal for situations where the presence of a trained sonographer is an issue and the need to speed up the acquisition time is paramount, such as battlefields and rescue environments. How- ever, todays 3D systems [1] are bulky, expensive, and power hungry because the processing load of 3D US is orders of magnitude higher compared to conventional 2D imaging. For this reason, 3D systems are currently only available in well- equipped hospitals, and not in rural areas and underdeveloped regions where even electricity supply is an issue.
Supplementary Table 2 from Chemogenomic Profiling Provides Insights into the Limited Activity of Irreversible EGFR Inhibitors in Tumor Cells Expressing the T790M EGFR Resistance Mutation (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Chemogenomic Profiling Provides Insights into the Limited Activity of Irreversible EGFR Inhibitors in Tumor Cells Expressing the T790M EGFR Resistance Mutation
Chromium vI induced cytoskeletal damage and cell death in isolated hepatocytes (2002)

Cr(VI) is a known human carcinogen. Although it has been investigated widely, the mechanism(s) of its action is/are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate Cr(VI)-induced damage to the cell cytoskeleton and the mode of cell death in primary cultures of hepatocytes. Exposure of the cultured cells (10(5)/cm(2)) to 1 and 5 microM Cr(VI) for 24 h resulted in loss of the cell cytoskeleton, and this was accompanied by membrane blebbing and shrinking of the cell. Staining of the cells with annexin V and propidium iodide showed that Cr(VI) induces apoptosis at low concentrations (5 microM), whereas at higher concentrations (25 microM) it induces necrosis. This study shows that Cr(VI) causes damage to the cell cytoskeleton, and induces apoptosis at low concentrations. However, the importance of necrosis and apoptosis in vivo, and the effects of longer exposure times, which simulate environmental and occupational exposure to Cr(VI), remain to be investigated.
Zwitterionic Phosphorus Ylide Adducts of Boron‐Bridged ansa‐Zirconocene Complexes as Precatalysts for Olefin Polymerization (2004)

Abstract Methylenetriphenylphosphorane was coordinated to the boron of phenylborylidene‐bridged bis(cyclopentadienyl)‐ and bis(2‐Me,4‐Ph‐indenyl)zirconium dichloride to form zwitterionic ansa ‐zirconocene complexes. The cyclopentadienyl complex 2 , when activated with MAO, exhibits remarkable polymerization activity that is more than an order of magnitude greater than that of a related amidoborylidene‐bridged complex as well as the commercially important precatalyst [Cp′−SiMe 2 − N − t Bu]TiCl 2 (Cp′ = C 5 Me 4 ). The zwitterionic bis(2‐Me,4‐Ph‐indenyl)zirconium dichloride species is isolated as a mixture of rac and meso isomers 4 − 6 . The propylene polymerization efficiency of the isomer mixture activated by MAO is greater than that of a related silylene bridged system at 70 and 85 °C; however, the activity of the zwitterionic system decreased with further increase in temperature. The high level of isotactic triads (63.6%) and pentads (52.4%) in the polypropylene formed by 4 − 6 indicates that the rac isomer is the most active precatalyst of the mixture. The molecular structures of 2 and the rac bis‐indenylzirconium isomer 4 and one of the meso isomers 5 are described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Tissue Gene Expression Analysis Using Arrayed Normalized cDNA Libraries (2000)

We have used oligonucleotide-fingerprinting data on 60,000 cDNA clones from two different mouse embryonic stages to establish a normalized cDNA clone set. The normalized set of 5,376 clones represents different clusters and therefore, in almost all cases, different genes. The inserts of the cDNA clones were amplified by PCR and spotted on glass slides. The resulting arrays were hybridized with mRNA probes prepared from six different adult mouse tissues. Expression profiles were analyzed by hierarchical clustering techniques. We have chosen radioactive detection because it combines robustness with sensitivity and allows the comparison of multiple normalized experiments. Sensitive detection combined with highly effective clustering algorithms allowed the identification of tissue-specific expression profiles and the detection of genes specifically expressed in the tissues investigated. The obtained results are publicly available (http://www.rzpd.de) and can be used by other researchers as a digital expression reference.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Argiotoxin 636 and Analogues: Selective Antagonists for Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors (2009)

Abstract Wählerischer als die Stammverbindung : Analoga des Polyamin‐Toxins Argiotoxin 636 (im Bild im Ionenkanal des ionotropen Glutamat(iGlu)‐Rezeptors; N blau, O rot) unterscheiden zwischen Unterarten der iGlu‐Rezeptoren. Je nachdem, welche der beiden internen Aminogruppen durch eine Methyleneinheit ersetzt ist, inhibieren die Analoga Rezeptoren der einen oder der anderen Unterart ebenso stark wie der unselektive Naturstoff. magnified image
The biotechnological relevance of Rhodococcus rhodochrous. The complete genomic sequence of nitrile biocatalyst strain ATCC BAA-870. (2019)

Abstract Background Rhodococci are industrially important soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacteria that are well known for both nitrile hydrolysis and oxidative metabolism of aromatics. Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC BAA-870 is capable of metabolising a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic nitriles and amides. The expressed nitrilase, nitrile hydratase and amidase activities have shown stereoselective preferences for beta-substituted nitrile compounds. The genome of the organism was sequenced and analysed in order to better understand this whole cell biocatalyst. Results The genome of R. rhodochrous ATCC BAA-870 is the first Rhodococcus genome fully sequenced using Nanopore sequencing. The circular genome contains 5.9 megabase pairs (Mbp) and includes a 0.53 Mbp linear plasmid, that together encode 7548 predicted protein sequences according to BASys annotation, and 5535 predicted protein sequences according to RAST annotation. The genome contains numerous oxidoreductases, 15 identified antibiotic and secondary metabolite gene clusters, and several terpene and nonribosomal peptide synthetase clusters, as well as 6 putative clusters of unknown type. The 0.53 Mbp plasmid encodes 677 predicted genes and contains the nitrile converting gene cluster. Based on COG functional categories of proteins using RAST annotation, the main distributions of predicted annotated genes belong to known subsystems encoding amino acids and derivatives (19.7%), carbohydrates (13.4%), fatty acids, lipids and isoprenoids (12.2%), and cofactors, vitamins, prosthetic groups and pigments (9.4%). However, 74% of RAST annotated genes are not assigned clear functional roles within known metabolic pathways, and 38% of genes are annotated as hypothetical. BASys annotation predicts that 55% of annotated genes have an unknown function. The R. rhodochrous ATCC BAA-870 genome contains one possible CRISPR, identified by CRISPRCasFinder. Conclusions The sequence and comprehensive description of the R. rhodochrous ATCC BAA-870 genome will facilitate the additional exploitation of rhodococci for biotechnological applications, as well as enable further characterisation of this model organism. The genome encodes a wide range of enzymes, many with unknown substrate specificities supporting potential applications in biotechnology, including monooxygenases, cytochrome P450s, reductases, proteases, lipases, and transaminases. The capacity of this strain to hydrolyse nitriles resides upon a plasmid, containing a nitrilase, a low molecular weight nitrile hydratase, and an enantioselective amidase.
3.4 A 16MHz CMOS RC Frequency Reference with ±400ppm Inaccuracy from −45°C to 85°C After Digital Linear Temperature Compensation (2020)

In this work, we present a 16MHz RC-based frequency reference that achieves ±400ppm inaccuracy from -45°C to 85°C after a digital 2 -point trim. As shown in Fig. 3.4.1, it consists of a frequency-locked loop (FLL), which locks the frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DCO</sub> of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) to the phase shift of a Wien-bridge (WB) RC filter [6]. The temperature dependence of the WB is compensated by information provided by a Wheatstone-bridge (WhB) temperature sensor [7]. The temperature dependencies of both bridges exhibit similar non -linearity, allowing high accuracy to be achieved with a 2-point trim.
Inter-user interference coordination in full-duplex systems based on geographical context information (2016)

We propose a coordination scheme to minimize the interference between users in a cellular network with full-duplex base stations and half-duplex user devices. Our scheme exploits signal attenuation from obstacles between the users by (i) extracting spatially isolated regions from a radio map and (ii) assigning simultaneous co-channel uplink and downlink transmissions to users in these regions such that inter-user interference is minimized. While adding low computational complexity and insignificant signaling overhead to existing deployments, evaluating our solution with real coverage data shows impressive gains compared to conventional half-duplex and full-duplex operation.
Multiplex detection of agricultural pathogens (2023)

Described are kits and methods useful for detection of agricultural pathogens in a sample. Genomic sequence information from agricultural pathogens was analyzed to identify signature sequences, e.g., polynucleotide sequences useful for confirming the presence or absence of a pathogen in a sample. Primer and probe sets were designed and optimized for use in a PCR based, multiplexed Luminex assay and/or an array assay to successfully identify the presence or absence of pathogens in a sample.
c-Rel regulation of the cell cycle in primary mouse B lymphocytes (2002)

Surface-expressed BCR mediates the proliferation and expansion of antigen-specific B lymphocytes during a humoral immune response. Although several studies extensively characterize BCR proliferative signaling, the mechanisms linking these pathways to the cell cycle remain elusive. Using knockout mice, we show that c-Rel, a proto-oncogenic member of the NF-kappaB transcription factor family, is essential to BCR-mediated proliferation and cell cycle progression. Splenic B cells obtained from gene-targeted c-Rel knockout mice display a defective proliferation response to antigen receptor cross-linking, resulting in G(1) arrest. At the molecular level, we see that BCR stimulation of resting c-Rel(-/-) B cells fails to induce proper cyclin D3 and cyclin E expression, thereby negatively impacting G(1) phase cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity. c-Rel-deficient B cells also exhibit incomplete phosphorylation of the Retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and poor expression of E2Fs, thus impeding the G(1) to S phase transition. Down-regulation of the pRb-related p130 protein during the G(0) to G(1) transition and removal of the CDK inhibitor p27(KIP1) in late G(1) parallel that of wild-type cells, suggesting that Rel-deficient B cells can exit the G(0) resting state and enter G(1) phase normally. Finally, we demonstrate that restoration of proliferation can be achieved partially upon reintroduction of cyclin E using a protein transduction method to reconstitute primary B cells. Collectively, these studies emphasize the importance of c-Rel in lymphocyte proliferation and oncogenesis, and highlight a requirement for c-Rel in establishing an effective humoral immune response.
Real Time Monitoring of Endothelial Cell Actin Filament Disruption by Cytochalasin D Using a Cellular Impedance Biosensor (2006)

Using a novel cellular impedance biosensor and confocal microscopy, this study has examined the dynamic and steady state cellular impedance response of porcine pulmonary endothelial cells to varying doses of cytochalasin D. Endothelial cell monolayer impedances were obtained using an array of gold microelectrodes coated with fibronectin to facilitate endothelial cell adhesion. Impedance measurements were acquired at 5.6 kHz by phase sensitive detection from a lock-in amplifier. The electrically measured cytochalasin D dose dependant actin disruption was successfully correlated with actin stained confocal microscopy images quantified using image-processing techniques. Based on this study, the cellular kinetic response to cytochalasin D increased systematically with the dose and saturated at a critical concentration. The real time quantification of pharmacological agents that target specific elements of the cytoskeleton using electrical impedance measurements therefore has a number of important applications in understanding the dynamic and steady state response of endothelial cells to toxins and drug induced cellular cytoskeletal micromechanics
Characterization and Application of Monoclonal Antibody and Bovine Neutrophil Reactivity to Pasteurella Haemolytica Antigens. (1988)

Monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) were prepared against Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 (Ph-1) capsular material to identify, quantitate and purify antigens. McAbs were selected by ELISA and characterized according to their isotype, cross-reactivity with P. haemolytica and P. multocida serotypes in ELISA, antigen formalin sensitivity and ability to cause bacterial agglutination. Four groups of McAbs were established each recognizing a different epitope. Various P. haemolytica and P. multocida serotypes were found to share several epitopes demonstrating their antigenic relatedness. A colorimetric assay, based on tetrazolium dye reduction by bovine neutrophils, was adapted for the measurement and characterization of Ph-1 cytotoxin activity. Using different cytotoxin preparations which varied in cytolytic activity, cytotoxin activity was identified as the inhibition of dye reduction. Stimulation of dye reduction by neutrophils in response to the cytotoxin preparations was also detected in the assay suggesting neutrophil activation involving the respiratory burst. McAbs and chemical methods were used to identify and quantitate cytotoxin preparation antigens. The colorimetric assay was further applied to select and characterize a cytotoxin-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (nMcAb). The nMcAb was not reactive in ELISA, but produced substantial neutralization in the colorimetric assay. The nMcAb was identified as an IgM. McAbs selected ELISA against capsular material did not affect neutrophil dye reduction in response to cytotoxin. Ultrastructural changes in bovine neutrophils exposed to cytotoxin were examined over different time intervals and concentrations to characterize its effects at the cellular level. Identical time and concentration dependent changes involving cell polarization with uropod formation, plasma membrane defects, and differential intracellular degranulation progressing to complete lysis were observed. Polarization with uropod formation suggested the presence of a chemotactic factor and corresponded with activation observed in the colorimetric assay. A McAb was applied in immunoaffinity to purify the Ph-1 specific epitope from capsular material. The immunoaffinity product contained no detectable protein and at least one half the original hexosamine content. McAbs were used in ELISA to identify and quantitate the product antigens. Lipopolysaccharide and pan-pasteurella carbohydrate were selectively retained in addition to Ph-1 specific capsular polysaccharide suggesting epitope sharing among polysaccharide antigens.