gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless MIMO switching (2012)

In a generic switching problem, a switching pattern consists of a one-to-one mapping from a set of inputs to a set of outputs (i.e., a permutation). We propose and investigate a wireless switching framework in which a multi-antenna relay is responsible for switching traffic among a set of N stations. We refer to such a relay as a MIMO switch. With beamforming and linear detection, the MIMO switch controls which stations are connected to which stations. Each beamforming matrix realizes a permutation pattern among the stations. We refer to the corresponding permutation matrix as a switch matrix. By scheduling a set of different switch matrices, full connectivity among the stations can be established. In this paper, we focus on “fair switching” in which equal amounts of traffic are to be delivered for all the N(N - 1) ordered pairs of stations. In particular, we investigate how the system throughput can be maximized. In general, for large N the number of possible switch matrices N! is huge, making the scheduling problem combinatorially challenging. We show that for N = 4 and 5, only a subset of N - 1 of the N! switch matrices need to be considered in the scheduling problem to achieve good throughput. We conjecture that this will be the case for large N as well. This conjecture, if valid, implies that for practical purposes, fair-switching scheduling is not an intractable problem.
Vector Parallelism in JavaScript: Language and Compiler Support for SIMD (2015)

JavaScript is the most widely used web programming language and is increasingly used to implement sophisticated and demanding applications in such domains as graphics, games, video, and cryptography. The performance and energy usage of these applications can benefit from hardware parallelism, including SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) vector parallel instructions. JavaScript's current support for parallelism is, however, limited and does not directly utilize SIMD capabilities. This paper presents the design and implementation of SIMD language extensions and compiler support that together add fine-grain vector parallelism to JavaScript. The specification for this language extension is in final stages of adoption by the JavaScript standardization committee and our compiler support is available in two open-source production browsers. The design principles seek portability, SIMD performance portability on various SIMD architectures, and compiler simplicity to ease adoption. The design does not require automatic vectorization compiler technology, but does not preclude it either. The SIMD extensions define immutable fixed-length SIMD data types and operations that are common to both ARM and x86 ISAs. The contributions of this work include type speculation and optimizations that generate minimal numbers of SIMD native instructions from high-level JavaScript SIMD instructions. We implement type speculation, optimizations, and code generation in two open-source JavaScript VMs and measure performance improvements between a factor of 1.7× to 8.9× with an average of 3.3× and average energy improvements of 2.9× on micro benchmarks and key graphics kernels on various hardware, browsers, and operating systems. These portable SIMD language extensions significantly improve compute-intensive interactive applications in the browser, such as games and media processing, by exploiting vector parallelism without relying on automatic vectorizing compiler technology, non-portable native code, or plugins.
The Characteristics of Growth of Films of Zirconium and Hafnium Oxides (ZrO2, HfO2) by Thermal Decomposition of Zirconium and Hafnium β‐Diketonate Complexes in the Presence and Absence of Oxygen (1979)

The preparation of thin films of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide by decomposition of the diketonate complexes of these metals has been described in two earlier papers. The present paper deals with aspects of film growth. The rate of film growth depends on the substrate temperature but as the temperature increases, powdery oxide forms rather than continuous film. depends on the concentration of the diketonate in the gas phase only at low values of concentrations and is constant at higher concentrations. The optimal conditions for and film deposition from organometallic compounds and the influence of oxygen on are discussed.
RF Watermark Backward Compatibility Tests for the ATSC Terrestrial DTV Receivers (2011)

In a single frequency network (SFN) for the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) terrestrial digital television (DTV) system, co-channel interference induced by the multiple transmitters and/or repeaters which use the same output channel is inevitable. Since the presence of interference results in the performance degradation of the SFN, it is crucial to manipulate the interference by adjusting the transmit power and the emission time of each transmitter and repeater within the SFN. In the ATSC terrestrial DTV system, in order to facilitate the interference manipulation process, a transmitter identification (TxID) signal which is embedded in the transmit signal from each transmitter and repeater is recommended. However, such an embedded signal may degrade the DTV signal quality even though the injection level of the TxID signal is very low compared to the DTV signal. Hence, the effect of the TxID signal on the DTV signal needs to be investigated before deploying the SFN with TxID signal. In this paper, the effect of the TxID signal on the performance of legacy DTV receivers is investigated not only with extensive computer simulation but also with laboratory and field tests. According to the various test results, the average performance loss of the conventional DTV receiver due to the TxID signal is less than 0.2 dB when the TxID signal is injected at 30 dB below the DTV signal power.
Off-Dynamics Reinforcement Learning: Training for Transfer with Domain Classifiers (2020)

We propose a simple, practical, and intuitive approach for domain adaptation in reinforcement learning. Our approach stems from the idea that the agent's experience in the source domain should look similar to its experience in the target domain. Building off of a probabilistic view of RL, we formally show that we can achieve this goal by compensating for the difference in dynamics by modifying the reward function. This modified reward function is simple to estimate by learning auxiliary classifiers that distinguish source-domain transitions from target-domain transitions. Intuitively, the modified reward function penalizes the agent for visiting states and taking actions in the source domain which are not possible in the target domain. Said another way, the agent is penalized for transitions that would indicate that the agent is interacting with the source domain, rather than the target domain. Our approach is applicable to domains with continuous states and actions and does not require learning an explicit model of the dynamics. On discrete and continuous control tasks, we illustrate the mechanics of our approach and demonstrate its scalability to high-dimensional tasks.
Carbon Foams (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction History Terminology Carbon Graphite Graphitization Foam Foaming Processes Thermosetting Precursors Thermoplastic Precursors Properties of Carbon and Graphite Foam Summary
Long-term stability of low insulin responses to glucose in non-diabetic subjects (1992)

We investigated the stability of the insulin response to glucose in healthy subjects by making retrospective comparisons of insulin responses after two 60 min glucose infusion tests performed many years apart. The subjects (N = 49) were divided into two lower and two higher quartiles as assessed by the incremental 0-10 min insulin area during the initial glucose infusion test. Ages were initially 32.3 +/- 2.8 years in lower quartiles and 26.6 +/- 1.1 in higher quartiles and body mass indexes 21.6 +/- 0.6 kg/m2 and 21.8 +/- 0.5, respectively. The interval between the first and second glucose infusion tests was 8.1 +/- 2.8 years for lower quartiles and 10.4 +/- 1.3 for higher quartiles. In lower quartiles, the 0-10 min insulin area at first testing was 157.1 +/- 15.9 mU/l x 10 min and at follow-up 202.2 +/- 26.6 (+29%, NS). In higher quartiles, the insulin area decreased from 654.8 +/- 70.6 mU/l x 10 min at first testing to 489.8 +/- 53.6 at follow-up (-25%, p less than 0.05). The 0-60 min glucose area did not change significantly between glucose infusion tests in lower quartiles (+5%), but did increase by 12% (p less than 0.005) in higher quartiles. Only one subject of the lowest quartile at first testing changed to higher quartiles at follow-up. Predictable "regression toward the mean" at follow-up was moderate, hence the individual insulin response to glucose was relatively stable with time. This finding is compatible with the hypothesis that genetic factors are of major importance for the insulin response to glucose.
Antisense and small-molecule modulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (2007)

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 each catalyze the synthesis of triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol and acyl-CoA. As altered triacylglycerol metabolism is associated with a variety of human diseases, methods to modulate the activity of these enzymes have garnered considerable interest. Genetic validation for targeting the diacylglycerol acyltransferases has emerged from mouse knockout models as well as antisense oligonucleotide therapy in rodents. Small molecule inhibitors of the diacylglycerol acyltransferases, especially diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, have been the subject of intense activity in the patent literature.
Mechanisms for current-induced conductivity changes in a conducting polymer (2006)

A layer of polyethylene dioxythiophene:polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDT:PSS) spun onto the surface of an inorganic semiconductor forms a highly asymmetric rectifying junction when a small current is applied and can be permanently open circuited with application of a high current density. This allows the polymer/semiconductor junction to function as a write-once-read-many-times memory element. We use x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature induced conductivity measurements to study the morphological and chemical changes responsible for the large current-induced conductivity changes. It is found that by applying a large current to the organic-inorganic semiconductor rectifying heterojunction structure Au∕PEDT:PSS∕Si, the ratio of PEDT+ to PSS− near the interface changes due to phase segregation in the presence of both high electric field (&amp;gt;105V∕cm) and temperature. This leads to a decrease in film conductivity by up to six orders of magnitude from its value in the conductive state.
A validated stability-indicating LC method for estimation of etoposide in bulk and optimized self-nano emulsifying formulation: Kinetics and stability effects (2012)

The present investigation was aimed to establish a validated stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of etoposide (ETP) in bulk drug and self-nano emulsifying formulation. ETP was successfully separated from the degradation products formed under stress conditions on LiChrospher 100 C18 reverse-phase column (a 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5-μm particle size) using 55:45 (v/v) acetonitrile-phosphate buffer saline (pH 4.5) as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1) and detection at 283 nm. The response was a linear function of analyte concentration (R(2) > 0.9997) over the concentration range of 0.05-50 μg mL(-1). The method was validated for precision, accuracy, robustness, sensitivity and specificity. The % recovery of ETP at three different levels (50%, 100% and 150%) ranged between 93.84% and 100.06% in optimized self-nano emulsifying formulation, Etosid® soft-gelatin capsule and Fytosid® injection. First-order degradation kinetics of ETP were observed under acidic and alkaline conditions. The method was also applied for the stability assessment of self-nano emulsifying formulation under accelerated conditions, the formulation was found to be stable at all storage conditions with the shelf-life of 2.37 years at 25 °C. The method holds promise for routine quality control of ETP in bulk, pharmaceutical formulations as well as in stability-indicating studies.
Abstract A127: Combination therapy targeting EGFR/MET crosstalk using nanotechnology improves photodynamic therapy treatment of pancreatic cancer (2009)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is very difficult to treat due to its inherent resistance to most therapies. First line chemotherapy only has a 5% response rate, yielding a median survival of 6 months and a 5-year survival rate of &amp;lt; 5%. Combinations of chemotherapy with numerous targeted therapies only showed modest benefits. In a pilot clinical trial, Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) showed considerable promise as an emerging alternative treatment modality for PanCa in humans by improving median survival from 6 to 9 months, which led to our subsequent investigation of a rationally designed molecularly targeted combination therapy to enhance PDT treatment of PanCa in an orthotopic murine model. Targeted biological therapies in PanCa include an EGF Receptor (EGFR) antibody, C225 which has shown no survival benefits in humans either alone or in combination with other modalities. One of the mechanisms involved in the development of resistance to EGFR targeted therapy is the crosstalk between EGFR and MET signaling pathways. MET is also a growth factor receptor that is frequently deregulated in pancreatic cancer. In some cancers, the EGFR and MET signaling pathways synergistically drive proliferative and metastatic growth. To achieve effective tumor control it is vital that both EGFR and MET pathways are targeted simultaneously. In this preclinical study, we have developed an innovative nanoscale multidrug delivery system that targets the EGFR/MET crosstalk in combination with PDT. To target EGFR we are using C225 antibody while the MET activation is suppressed using a small molecule inhibitor PHA-665752. Major findings of this work include: 1) Our nanoscale multidrug delivery system enabled higher payloads of the PDT agent and PHA-665752 to be delivered with reduced systemic toxicity. In our nano-construct, the C225 is now delivered intracellularly into cancer cells thus allowing the targeting of both intracellular and membrane EGFR, as opposed to carrier-free C225 delivery which only down-regulates the cell surface EGFR level. 2) Intracellular targeting of EGFR by encapsulated C225 sensitized the cancer cells to PDT treatment. This combination showed greater efficacy in reducing the EGFR levels and improved PDT treatment effect by showing a greater reduction of the local tumor burden, compared to using carrier-free C225 extracellularly. 3) Blocking the EGFR/MET crosstalk with both C225 and PHA-665752 further enhanced PDT treatment by reducing the local tumor burden. We are further investigating if this combination treatment regimen reduces tumor metastasis to distal organs and the optimal scheduling of individual biological treatments. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):A127.
Design and testing of novel anti-cancer agents targeting secretory pathway calcium ATPase (2013)

Introduction. Basal-like breast cancer has the poorest prognosis of all known breast cancer subtypes and there are no effective targeted treatment agents currently available. Secretory pathway calcium ATPase (SPCA) has been found to relate to tumour growth in basal-like breast cancer and may be a potential drug target. Aims. To design and test novel chemical compounds that will inhibit SPCA. Methods. In silico molecular modelling was used to generate an SPCA model based on its 1d isoform, and four potential drug binding sites were found. This was followed by a rational drug design process and compounds selected on predicted binding affinity were tested via fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) to measure intracellular calcium level in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. A similar process was used to design a compound inhibiting sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA). Results. One of the compounds tested in the basal-like breast cancer cells might be a weak SPCA inhibitor. The compound designed to target SPCA1d demonstrated modest effects on intracellular calcium compared to the control compound cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). A second compound designed to target SERCA also showed minimal effects when compared to CPA. Discussion. Two novel compounds were designed and tested in the breast cancer cell line. The results obtained from FLIPR indicated that both compounds were likely weak inhibitors of both SPCA1d and SERCA. To improve the activity of SPCA1 inhibitors, it may be necessary to use similar core structural motifs present in CPA.
Quantification and validation of left ventricular wall thickening by a three-dimensional volume element magnetic resonance imaging approach. (1990)

We have developed a method to quantify and map regional wall thickening throughout the left ventricle (LV) with magnetic resonance imaging. In contrast to methods that measure planar wall thickness and thickening, this method uses the three-dimensional (3D) geometry of the left ventricle to calculate the perpendicular thickness of the wall. We tested this method at three levels of increasing complexity using 1) phantom studies, 2) in vivo experiments in dogs with normal cardiac function, and 3) in vivo studies in dogs during acute ischemia. Experiments were conducted in 15 open-chest dogs imaged by a 0.38 T iron core magnet. Five short-axis images at end diastole and end systole were obtained with the spin echo technique by use of the QRS as a trigger for end diastole and the second heart sound, S2, to time end systole. After acquisition of preischemic images, acute ischemia was induced by either coronary artery ligation (n = 5) or intracoronary dental rubber injection (n = 5), which produced severe transmural ischemia. By use of computer-aided contouring of the endocardial and epicardial borders, each image was divided into 16 segments with radial lines originating from the midwall centroid. A 3D volume element was defined as that generated by connecting two matched planar segments in two adjacent image planes. This defined 64 volume elements comprising the entire left ventricle. Thickness and thickening before and during ischemia were then calculated by using the planar segments and the 3D volume elements. In phantom studies, the 3D method was accurate, independent of the angle of inclination of the image plane to the phantom wall, whereas the planar method showed considerable overestimation of thickness when the image plane was oblique to the phantom wall. In the dogs before induction of ischemia, the 3D method demonstrated the well-established normal taper in end-diastolic wall thickness from 1.10 +/- 0.02 cm at the base to 1.05 +/- 0.11 cm at the apex (p less than 0.01). By contrast, the planar method did not detect the decrease in thickness toward the apex (1.13 +/- 0.07 cm at the base vs. 1.16 +/- 0.14 cm at the apex, p = NS). During acute ischemia, thickening was calculated by both methods at the center of the ischemic zone defined by Monastral blue nonstaining and compared with the preischemic values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
New drug delivery system to target neural stem cells (2016)

in situ differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSC) represents a potential therapeutic strategy to replace injured neuronal cells and to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, no work based on this approach has yet reached the clinical phase. The lack of NSC-targeting molecules primarily promotes the development of non-selective systems with limited effects on NSC differentiation. The aim of our work was to produce a drug delivery system able to selectively target endogenous NSC. The peptide NFL-TBS.40-63 (NFL) shows specific interactions with brain NSC, where it affects their properties and induces their differentiation [1]. Consequently, we produced an NFL-based drug delivery system to target those cells. The peptide was adsorbed on DiD-labeled lipid nanocapsules (LNC, NFL-LNC) and characterized by dynamic light scattering. NFL-LNC targeting efficiency was evaluated on brain and spinal cord NSC. NFL-LNC were incubated with primary NSC cultures, in vitro, and injected either in adult rat's brain or spinal cord, in vivo. The determination of the targeting efficiency was performed by FACS for in vitro experiments, and by immunohistochemistry for in vivo study. Both in vitro and in vivo results show that NFL-LNC targeted brain NSC while they showed no affinity for spinal cord NSC [2]. While we are currently investigating the mechanisms involved in the preferential interactions of NFL-LNC with brain NSC, these data show that NFL-LNC is a promising therapeutic tool to selectively deliver bioactive molecules and to induce in situ NSC differentiation. References [1] Lépinoux-Chambaud, C., Barreau k., &amp; Eyer J. The Neurofilament-Derived Peptide NFLTBS. 40-63 Targets Neural Stem Cells and Affects Their Properties. Stem Cells Transl Med (2016), 5: 901-913. [2] Carradori, D., Saulnier, P., Préat, V., des Rieux, A., &amp; Eyer, J. (2016). NFL-lipid<br />nanocapsules for brain neural stem cell targeting in vitro and in vivo. J. Control. Release, 238: 253-262.
Assessment of Subjective and Objective Quality of Live Streaming Sports Videos (2021)

Video live streaming is gaining prevalence among video streaming services, especially for the delivery of popular sporting events. Many objective Video Quality Assessment (VQA) models have been developed to predict the perceptual quality of videos. Appropriate databases that exemplify the distortions encountered in live streaming videos are important to designing and learning objective VQA models. Towards making progress in this direction, we built a video quality database specifically designed for live streaming VQA research. The new video database is called the Laboratory for Image and Video Engineering (LIVE) Live stream Database. The LIVE Livestream Database includes 315 videos of 45 contents impaired by 6 types of distortions. We also performed a subjective quality study using the new database, whereby more than 12,000 human opinions were gathered from 40 subjects. We demonstrate the usefulness of the new resource by performing a holistic evaluation of the performance of current state-of-the-art (SOTA) VQA models. The LIVE Livestream database is being made publicly available for these purposes at https://live.ece.utexas.edu/research/LIVE_APV_Study/apv_index.html.
Synchrotron Radiation for Probing the Electric Field Alignment of LC Macromolecules and Polymers (2000)

Abstract The use of synchrotron radiation to probe non-equilibrium electric-field mediated structures is analyzed for a variety of liquid crystalline (LC) systems. Examples are provided for monomer LCs (MLCs) and for a variety of polymer LCs (PLCs) including comb and network PLCs. Monitoring both response and relaxation times of induced ordering, the resultant orientation parameters, correlation lengths, dynamic behavior of alignment and reorientation processes are reported as a function of time, temperature and frequency for a number of systems.
Clinical Applications of Optical Coherence Tomography for Imaging Diagnostics (2016)

We present our latest developments in optical coherence tomography to complement tissue morphology information with molecular specificity and functional information in intravascular clinical applications, including advances in tissue polarimetry and speckle blood flow analysis.