gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF ELECTROSPUN STRUCTURED POLYCAPROLACTONE BIOMATERIALS FOR ANNULUS FIBROSUS REPAIR (2018)

Extensive annulus fibrosus (AF) radial tears lead to intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation. While unrepaired defects in the AF are associated with postoperative reherniation and high IVD degeneratio...
512- and 1024-element linear InGaAs detector arrays for near-infrared (1-3μm) environmental sensing (1992)

512 and 1024 elements linear In<SUB>x</SUB>Ga<SUB>1-x</SUB>As detector arrays have been fabricated for cutoff wavelengths of 1.7 micrometers (x equals 0.53, E<SUB>g</SUB> equals 0.73 eV), 2.2 micrometers (x equals 0.71, E<SUB>g</SUB> equals 0.56 eV), and 2.6 micrometers (x equals 0.82, E<SUB>g</SUB> equals 0.47 eV) using hydride vapor phase epitaxy (VPE) and metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The 25 X 500 micrometers s pixel sizes have a center to center spacing of 25 micrometers and currently exhibit typical leakage currents of 6 pA (300 K, -10 mV) for 1.7 micrometers cutoff arrays, 500 pA (300 K, -10 mV) for 2.2 micrometers cutoff arrays, and 20 nA (300 K, -10 mV) for 2.6 micrometers cutoff arrays. Improved crystal growth, n-type sulfur doping (-1 X 10<SUP>17</SUP> cm<SUP>-3</SUP>) of the semiconductor 'cap' layer and the active InGaAs layer, and post-crystal growth thermal cyclings of the detector wafers have helped to reduce the leakage current in these detectors. Furthermore, these techniques have produced a remarkable increase in the photodetector yields, which is essential for the commercial viability of these arrays. The relationship between the photodetector bandgap (E<SUB>g</SUB>) and the theoretically lowest attainable leakage current is discussed. The design of a new infrared (IR) multiplexer operating at near zero bias is also discussed.
Some considerations on the making and use of colours in Etruria during the Middle Orientalising Period (2004)

Article Some considerations on the making and use of colours in Etruria during the Middle Orientalising Period was published on June 1, 2004 in the journal Etruscan and Italic Studies (volume 10, issue 1).
Dependence of Exchange Stiffness on Metallic Spacer Layer Material and Thickness in Dual-Interface CoFeB/MgO Magnetic Thin Films (2016)

The dependence of exchange stiffness and domain wall width on spacer layer material and thickness in double-layer Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</sub> B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> films is investigated. The exchange stiffness and wall width are inferred from magneto-optic Kerr microscope images of domain structure in conjunction with ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements of anisotropy and saturation magnetization. Samples include MgO-CoFeB-spacer-CoFeB-MgO films stacks with 0.3 nm, 0.5 nm, or 0.7 nm thick spacer layers consisting of W or Ta. These measurements allow for prediction of the thermal stability factor and nucleation diameter of magnetic tunnel junctions fabricated from these films.
Autonomous vehicles for remote sample collection in difficult conditions: Enabling remote sample collection by marine biologists (2015)

Rapidly dropping costs and increasing capabilities of robotic systems are creating unprecedented opportunities for the world of scientific research. Remote sample collection in conditions that were once impossible due to expense, location, timing, or risk are now becoming a reality. Of particular interest in marine biological research is the aspect of removing additional stressors in the form of humans and equipment from whale monitoring. In a partnership between Olin College of Engineering and Ocean Alliance, a multirotor unmanned air vehicle (UAV) named SnotBot is being developed to enable marine biologists to collect observational data and biological samples from living whales in a less intrusive and more effective way. In Summer 2014 tests conducted in the Gulf of Mexico it was demonstrated that SnotBot may not be an irritant to whales of study with respect to the noise and downdraft generated by the UAV [1]. The results from those field tests are being used to apply for research permits to collect samples from real whales. Until formal authorization to operate over whales is granted, controlled testing at Olin College and in the Gloucester Harbor of Massachusetts Bay is being conducted to characterize the vehicles and develop autonomy. Beyond cetacean/whale research, the ability to collect physical samples in difficult or sensitive locations, as demonstrated by SnotBot, has far reaching applications in environmental monitoring, aerial surveying, and diagnosis of a transient events.
Dual-Color Plasmonic Nanosensor for Radiation Dosimetry (2020)

Radiation dosimeters are critical for accurately assessing the levels of radiation exposure of tumor sites and surrounding tissues and for optimizing therapeutic interventions as well as for monitoring environmental exposure. To fill the need for a simple, user-friendly, and inexpensive dosimeter, we designed an innovative colorimetric nanosensor-based assay for detecting ionizing radiation. We show that hydroxyl radicals generated by ionizing radiation can be used to etch gold nanorods (AuNRs) and silver nanoprisms (AgNPRs), yielding reproducible color changes for radiation dose detection in the range of 50-2000 rad, broad enough to cover doses used in hyperfractionated, conventional, and hypofractionated radiotherapy. This range of doses detected by this assay correlates with radiation-induced DNA damage response in mammalian cells. Furthermore, this AuNR- and AgNPR-based sensing platform has been established in a paper format that can be readily adopted for a wide range of applications and translation.
Systematic Selection of Modified Aptamer Pairs for Diagnostic Sandwich Assays (2014)

Protein diagnostic applications typically require pairs of analyte-specific reagents for capture and detection. We developed methods for the systematic isolation of slow off-rate modified aptamer (SOMAmer) reagents that bind to different epitopes and allow efficient pair-wise screening of multiple ligands. SOMAmers were generated via a second systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), using complexes of target proteins with a primary, non-amplifiable SOMAmer and employing different modified nucleotides (e.g., naphthylmethyl- or tryptaminocarbonyl-dU) to favor alternate binding epitopes. Non-competing binding of primary and secondary SOMAmers was tested in radiolabel competition and sandwich binding assays. Multiplexed high-throughput screening for sandwich pairs utilized the Luminex platform, with primary SOMAmers as capture agents attached to different types of LumAvidin beads, which were then pooled for testing the secondary SOMAmers individually as detection agents. Functional SOMAmer pairs were obtained for Clostridium difficile binary toxin (CdtA) and for a panel of human proteins (ANGPT2, TSP2, CRDL1, MATN2, GPVI, C7, PLG) that had been previously identified as promising markers for cardiovascular risk. The equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd values) ranged from 0.02-2.7 nM, and the detection limits were in the low picomolar range for these proteins in SOMAmer sandwich assays. These results indicate that SOMAmer pairs hold promise for the development of rapid tests or specific diagnostic panels.
An overview of water demand: Volume vs. Pressure based demands (2012)

While there is no question about the fact that demands in a water distribution system can be dependent on pressure, the importance of considering pressure based demands in modeling has been widely discussed. This discussion often centres on whether demands are pressure or volume based. This, however, is the wrong question. Demands are both pressure and volume based and demands are really a sum of several difference components of demand including volume based demand, controlled pressure based demand, uncontrolled pressure based demand and leakage. Each of these components is described in the paper with some special consideration of the case where pressure approaches zero and the implications of considering these components.
Graphene Nanoribbons/Manganese Oxide Nanocomposite Modified Electrode for Detection of Antimicrobial Drug Nitrofurantoin (2023)

The design and development of a new kind of cost-effective electrode material with excellent selectivity and stability are still a great challenge in the field of electrochemical sensors. Recently, researchers have paid more attention to the electrochemical reduction of nitro compounds due to their hazardous nature. Nitro compounds play a vital role in various industrial applications. However, the direct discharge of nitro compounds to the environment as industrial wastewater is harmful. In this study, a nanocomposite made of 1D graphene nanoribbons decorated with manganese dioxide (GNR-MnO2) was prepared to fabricate an electrochemical transducer for the determination of nitrofurantoin (NFT) in biofluids. First, 1D GNR was prepared by unzipping of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Second, the GNR was decorated with MnO2 by the hydrothermal reduction method. As-prepared GNR-MnO2 nanocomposite was comprehensively characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy with EDX, XRD, UV–visible, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Moreover, GNR-MnO2-coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) exhibited good electrocatalytic activity toward NFT. The electroreduction of NFT was found at −0.40 V which was 50 mV lower than bare GCE. GNR-MnO2 nanocomposite modified GCE showed a well-defined linear reduction peak current for NFT from 10 nM to 1,000 µM. The selectivity of the sensor was also analyzed in the presence of other nitro compounds which confirmed that NFT can be selectively detected at −0.4 V. The GNR-MnO2 modified electrode was also able to separate reduction peaks of other nitro compounds. In addition, the detection of NFT was carried out in human urine samples with a good recovery of 99.60%–98.60%.
High Pressure Waterjets – An Innovative Means of Alpha Case Removal for Superplastically Formed Titanium Alloys (2010)

Ultra high-pressure waterjets (WJ) have gained consideration as a viable alternative to conventional material removal and cleaning methods such as chemical milling, grit blasting, and grinding. Waterjets have often been considered for the stripping of unwanted coatings, but they also exhibit an inherent ability for the controlled milling of metallic materials. The waterjet material removal process poses a secondary benefit – the material erosion occurs due to the repetitive impact of droplets within the waterjet stream, which also serve to induce compressive residual stresses in the shallow sub-surface layers of the work piece. An experimental study was conducted to explore the removal of the alpha case layer on Superplastically Formed conventional and fine grain Ti-6Al-4V specimens. The resulting surface roughness parameters and completeness of alpha layer removal were characterized. Based on the experimental results, waterjet removal processes may serve as an alternate method for the post-processing of Superplastically Formed titanium alloys.
CaCO3Biomineralization:  Acidic 8-kDa Proteins Isolated from Aragonitic Abalone Shell Nacre Can Specifically Modify Calcite Crystal Morphology (2005)

Acidic proteins from many biogenic minerals are implicated in directing the formation of crystal polymorphs and morphologies. We characterize the first extremely acidic proteins purified from biomineralized aragonite. These abalone nacre proteins are two variants of 8.7 and 7.8 kDa designated AP8 (for aragonite proteins of approximately 8 kDa). The AP8 proteins have compositions dominated by Asx ( approximately 35 mol %) and Gly ( approximately 40 mol %) residues, suggesting that their structures have high Ca(2+)-binding capacity and backbone flexibility. The growth of asymmetrically rounded CaCO(3) crystals in the presence of AP8 reveals that both proteins preferentially interact with specific locations on the crystal surface. In contrast, CaCO(3) crystals grown with nacre proteins depleted of AP8 retain the morphology of unmodified calcite rhombohedra. Our observations thus identify sites of protein-mineral interaction and provide evidence to support the long-standing theory that acidic proteins are more effective crystal-modulators than other proteins from the same biomineralized material.
Dissecting conformational rearrangements and allosteric modulation in metabotropic glutamate receptor activation (2022)

Abstract Selective allosteric modulators bear great potential to fine-tune neurotransmitter-induced brain receptor responses. Promising targets are metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, which are associated to different brain diseases. These multidomain class C GPCRs experience concerted structural rearrangements and rely on allosteric modulation of agonist action to be fully activated. Here we establish live cell compatible fluorescence labeling of mGlu2 by click chemistry through genetic code expansion. Using lanthanide resonance energy transfer, we establish multiple FRET sensors to monitor ligand effects on conformational changes in mGlu2 extracellular domain and subsequently dissect the underlying conformational states by smFRET. Using three distinct FRET sensors, we demonstrate that mGlu activation relies on a ligand-induced sampling of three conformational states. Orthosteric agonists act by promoting the closure of the mGlu2 ligand binding domains, leading to an equilibrium between an inactive intermediate and the active state. Allosteric modulator further push this equilibrium toward the active state, promoting and stabilizing the relative reorientation of the mGlu protomers. These results underline the complex and dynamic nature of such type of neuroreceptors, pointing out that ligands fine-tune activation by differentially acting on the equilibria between multiple states.
Data from <i>In Vivo</i> Fluorescence Imaging of the Activity of CEA TCB, a Novel T-Cell Bispecific Antibody, Reveals Highly Specific Tumor Targeting and Fast Induction of T-Cell–Mediated Tumor Killing (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; CEA TCB (RG7802, RO6958688) is a novel T-cell bispecific antibody, engaging CD3ϵ upon binding to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on tumor cells. Containing an engineered Fc region, conferring an extended blood half-life while preventing side effects due to activation of innate effector cells, CEA TCB potently induces tumor lysis in mouse tumors. Here we aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile, the biodistribution, and the mode of action of CEA TCB by combining &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; fluorescence imaging readouts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; CEA-expressing tumor cells (LS174T) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cocultured &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; or cografted into immunocompromised mice. Fluorescence reflectance imaging and intravital 2-photon (2P) microscopy were employed to analyze &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; tumor targeting while &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; confocal and intravital time-lapse imaging were used to assess the mode of action of CEA TCB.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Fluorescence reflectance imaging revealed increased ratios of extravascular to vascular fluorescence signals in tumors after treatment with CEA TCB compared with control antibody, suggesting specific targeting, which was confirmed by intravital microscopy. Confocal and intravital 2P microscopy showed CEA TCB to accelerate T-cell–dependent tumor cell lysis by inducing a local increase of effector to tumor cell ratios and stable crosslinking of multiple T cells to individual tumor cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Using optical imaging, we demonstrate specific tumor targeting and characterize the mode of CEA TCB–mediated target cell lysis in a mouse tumor model, which supports further clinical evaluation of CEA TCB. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4417–27. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Teijeira et al., p. 4277&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Investigation of photorefractive self pumped phase conjugators in the presence of loss and high modulation depth (1991)

We have recently demonstrated large two beam coupling gains in lnP:Fe by combining the band-edge resonance technique with a second resonant enhancement involving temperature stabilization. 1 While loss increases near the band-edge, the gain increases much more dramatically. Net gain coefficients larger than 20 cm −1 have been measured making semiconductor gains comparable to those in ferroelectric materials. We present here an investigation of this material as a self pumped phase conjugator.
Hyperscale Hardware Optimized Neural Architecture Search (2023)

Recent advances in machine learning have leveraged dramatic increases in computational power, a trend expected to continue in the future. This paper introduces the first Hyperscale Hardware Optimized Neural Architecture Search (H2O-NAS) to automatically design accurate and performant machine learning models tailored to the underlying hardware architecture. H2O-NAS consists of three key components: a new massively parallel “one-shot” search algorithm with intelligent weight sharing, which can scale to search spaces of O(10280) and handle large volumes of production traffic; hardware-optimized search spaces for diverse ML models on heterogeneous hardware; and a novel two-phase hybrid performance model and a multi-objective reward function optimized for large scale deployments.
Quantum Metrology Enhanced by Repetitive Quantum Error Correction (2016)

We experimentally demonstrate the protection of a room-temperature hybrid spin register against environmental decoherence by performing repeated quantum error correction whilst maintaining sensitivity to signal fields. We use a long-lived nuclear spin to correct multiple phase errors on a sensitive electron spin in diamond and realize magnetic field sensing beyond the time scales set by natural decoherence. The universal extension of sensing time, robust to noise at any frequency, demonstrates the definitive advantage entangled multiqubit systems provide for quantum sensing and offers an important complement to quantum control techniques.
Efficient Synthesis of Benzo[1,2-b:6,5-b′]dithiophene-4,5-dione (BDTD) and Its Chemical Transformations into Precursors for π-Conjugated Materials (2012)

A straightforward synthesis of the fused-aromatic dione benzo[1,2-b:6,5-b']dithiophene-4,5-dione (BDTD) has been developed. This fused-aromatic dione was subjected to various chemical transformations to generate diverse molecules with potential use in π-conjugated materials for organic electronics.
[Primary hyperparathyroidism: etiology, diagnosis and treatment]. (2000)

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a not so infrequent disease that is often overlooked by physicians. Its incidence is estimated to be about 28 in 100.000 subjects, mainly women over seventy years old. Three to four percents of women over seventy are affected. Hyperparathyroidism can be isolated or be a component of a more complex syndrome like multiple endocrine neoplasms (MEN). Patients can be asymptomatic or present with symptoms like asthenia, hypertension or nephrolithiasis. The biological investigation requires the combined measurements of plasmatic ionized calcium and parathormone. In some cases, more specific explorations like calcium loading tests have to be performed in order to confirm the diagnosis.
Trellis Coded Modulation (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Linear TCM for One- and Two-dimensional Signal Sets Multidimensional TCM Rotationally Invariant TCM Schemes Bibliography
Dynamic range measurements of a dual camera complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) active pixel sensor (APS) (2014)

DynAMITe (Dynamic range Adjustable for Medical Imaging Technology) is a recently developed wafer scale (12.8 cm × 13.1 cm) X-ray detector consisting of a Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) Active Pixel Sensor (APS) coupled to a 150 μm Thallium-activated Cesium Iodide (CsI:Tl) screen. It consists of two cameras: a Sub-Pixel (SP) camera with 50 μm pitch and a Pixel (P) camera with 100 μm pixel pitch. Each camera can support multiple Regions of Interest (ROIs). The combination of different settings (reset voltages, frame rates and destructive or non-destructive readout) for the two cameras allows DynAMITe to achieve a high dynamic range in comparison to other CMOS devices. Mean-Variance analysis was used in this paper to characterise the detector using different reset voltages. A commercial X-ray source was used instead of optical light to perform the Mean-Variance analysis. Overall gain instead of conversion gain can be measured using this method. However, by using a cascaded linear system model, the conversion gain of the detector using different reset voltage can also be estimated. The experimental results have shown that by combining the two cameras at different reset voltages, the dynamic range can be increased to 93.7 ± 0.2 dB from 66.7 ± 0.4 dB (SP) and 66.8±0.1 (P).
Three-gene signature predicts disease progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (2011)

The clinical grades and staging methods currently employed for bladder cancer (BC) are inadequate for assessing treatment outcomes for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We have developed a clinically applicable quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) gene signature to predict the progression of NMIBC. Three genes not previously described for BC were selected from our published progression-related gene classifier data set. Data were drawn from a previous study population and from new cases. Primary NMIBC tissue specimens (n=193) were analyzed by qPCR. Risk scores were then used to rank specimens into high- and low-risk signature groups based on their gene expression. The Kaplan-Meier method and a multivariate Cox regression model were used to identify the prognostic value of the three-gene signature for both recurrence and progression. The Kaplan-Meier estimates revealed significant differences in time-to-recurrence and progression between low- and high-risk signatures (log-rank test, p=0.011 and p<0.001, respectively). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the three-gene risk signature is an independent predictor of bladder tumor progression (hazard ratio, 4.268; 95% CI, 1.542-11.814; p=0.005). In conclusion, our three-gene signature was found to be closely associated with progression among patients with NMIBC.
Collecting and Exploiting High-Accuracy Call Graph Profiles in Virtual Machines (2005)

Due to the high dynamic frequency of virtual method calls in typical object-oriented programs, feedback-directed devirtualization and inlining is one of the most important optimizations performed by high-performance virtual machines. A critical input to effective feedback-directed inlining is an accurate dynamic call graph. In a virtual machine, the dynamic call graph is computed online during program execution. Therefore, to maximize overall system performance, the profiling mechanism must strike a balance between profile accuracy, the speed at which the profile becomes available to the optimizer, and profiling overhead. This paper introduces a new low-overhead sampling-based technique that rapidly converges on a high-accuracy dynamic call graph. We have implemented the technique in two high-performance virtual machines: Jikes RVM and J9. We empirically assess our profiling technique by reporting on the accuracy of the dynamic call graphs it computes and by demonstrating that increasing the accuracy of the dynamic call graph results in more effective feedback-directed inlining.