gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assesing competence to make treatment decisions (1998)

The legal doctrine of informed consent dictates that all patients must be informed of the procedures, risks and benefits of any recommended treatment and available alternatives, and that patients' decisions must be informed, voluntary and competent. Assessing whether or not one's patient is competent to make treatment decisions, however, is a complex task even for highly trained clinicians. Although all patients are presumed to be competent unless demonstrated otherwise, the rate of incompetence is increased in a number of patient populations such as the elderly, psychotic patients, the mentally retarded and individuals with severe medical disorders (e.g., cancer, AIDS). This paper offers guidelines for assessing the decision-making capacity among medical and psychiatric patients, as well as discussing disposition issues when decision-making abilities are indeed impaired.
Supplementary Figure 3 from CCT244747 Is a Novel Potent and Selective CHK1 Inhibitor with Oral Efficacy Alone and in Combination with Genotoxic Anticancer Drugs (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 810K, Supplementary Figure 3 Characterisation of the effects of minimally toxic concentrations of CCT244747 alone or in combination with genotoxic agents (+) in HT29 and SW620 colon cancer cell lines. A, HT29 cells were treated with SN38 (100nM) or CCT244747 alone or in combination for 24h. B, SW620 cells were treated with gemcitabine (200nM) or CCT244747 alone or in combination for 24h. Cells were pre-treated with CCT244747 alone 1h prior to cytotoxic exposure. Protein expression was assessed by western blotting (40μg per lane) as described in Figure 2 and Materials and Methods.&lt;/p&gt;
A Hybrid Methacrylate-Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose Interpolyelectrolyte Complex: Rheometry and in Silico Disposition for Controlled Drug Release (2013)

The rheological behavioral changes that occurred during the synthesis of an interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) of methacrylate copolymer and sodium carboxymethylcellulose were assessed. These changes were compared with the rheological behavior of the individual polymers employing basic viscosity, yield stress, stress sweep, frequency sweep, temperature ramp as well as creep and recovery testing. The rheological studies demonstrated that the end-product of the complexation of low viscous methacrylate copolymer and entangled solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose generated a polymer, which exhibited a solid-like behavior with a three-dimensional network. Additionally, the rheological profile of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and methacrylate copolymer with respect to the effect of various concentrations of acetic acid on the synthesis of the IPEC was elucidated using molecular mechanics energy relationships (MMER) by exploring the spatial disposition of carboxymethylcellulose and methacrylate copolymer with respect to each other and acetic acid. The computational results corroborated well with the experimental <i>in vitro</i> drug release data. Results have shown that the IPEC may be suitable polymeric material for achieving controlled zero-order drug delivery.
Electron distribution function due to ionizing laser pulse (2003)

Summary form only given, as follows. High-gradient accelerators and remote sensing are two areas in which lasers can be used to great advantage. For example, laser-driven accelerators are expected to be much smaller and less expensive than conventional radio-frequency-driven linacs. Photoionization often accompanies propagation of an intense, short laser pulse in a medium. The ionization can be either due to the tunneling mechanism or the multiphoton mechanism. A kinetic description of photoionization, using the Vlasov equation, is presented and the form of the electron distribution function for the two mechanisms is presented and discussed.
Intestinal Bacteria Induce T Cell-Independent IgA2 Class Switching by Linking Epithelial Cells with Lamina Propria B Cells through APRIL (40.3) (2007)

Abstract Bacteria colonize the intestine shortly after birth and thereafter exert several beneficial functions, including induction of protective IgA antibodies. The distal intestine contains IgA2, which is more resistant to bacterial proteases than IgA1. The mechanism by which B cells undergo IgA2 class switching remains unknown. We found that human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) triggered IgA2 class switching by activating B cells, including IgA1-expressing effector B cells, through a T cell-independent pathway involving a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL). IECs released APRIL after sensing whole bacteria or bacterial products, such as lipopolysaccharide or flagellin, through a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated MyD88-dependent pathway. Bacteria-activated IECs further increased APRIL production by cross talking with dendritic cells via thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an IL-7-like cytokine. Our findings indicate that bacteria and their products elicit IgA1-to-IgA2 diversification by linking lamina propria effector B cells arriving from mucosal lymphoid follicles with IECs through a TLR-inducible APRIL-dependent signaling program. Our data also suggest that vaccines should activate IECs to effectively induce protective IgA2 responses in the intestinal mucosa. This work was supported by NIH grant AI057653 (to A.C.) and NIH T32 training grant AI07621.
Quantitative mapping of T2 using partial spoiling (2011)

Fast quantitative MRI has become an important tool for biochemical characterization of tissue beyond conventional T1, T2, and T2*-weighted imaging. As a result, steady-state free precession (SSFP) techniques have attracted increased interest, and several methods have been developed for rapid quantification of relaxation times using steady-state free precession. In this work, a new and fast approach for T2 mapping is introduced based on partial RF spoiling of nonbalanced steady-state free precession. The new T2 mapping technique is evaluated and optimized from simulations, and in vivo results are presented for human brain at 1.5 T and for human articular cartilage at 3.0 T. The range of T2 for gray and white matter was from 60 msec (for the corpus callosum) to 100 msec (for cortical gray matter). For cartilage, spatial variation in T2 was observed between deep (34 msec) and superficial (48 msec) layers, as well as between tibial (33 msec), femoral, (54 msec) and patellar (43 msec) cartilage. Excellent correspondence between T2 values derived from partially spoiled SSFP scans and the ones found with a reference multicontrast spin-echo technique is observed, corroborating the accuracy of the new method for proper T2 mapping. Finally, the feasibility of a fast high-resolution quantitative partially spoiled SSFP T2 scan is demonstrated at 7.0 T for human patellar cartilage.
Nexus - Middleware for Decentralized Service-Oriented Information Fusion (2006)

We present Nexus a robust and scalable middleware for decentralized service-oriented information fusion. As a project in the UK Ministry of Defense, Defense Technology Center, Nexus is driven by the goals of Network Enabled Capability (NEC). It provides support for discovering, structuring and fusing information key operations enabling the NEC vision. It is built on top of three key concepts--- service oriented computing based on web services, a peer-to-peer architecture and goal-oriented automatic service composition. Combining these three concepts, Nexus delivers agile information fusion capability via a loosely collaborating set of information and fusion services deployed in the service network. Although no strict restrictions are imposed, the fusion services are supposed to provide a higher-level fusion capability on the level 2 and 3 of the JDL data fusion hierarchy [12]. Implementation of peer-to-peer service oriented information fusion based on JXTA and web services is described, together with a demonstration application exploiting these fusion capabilities to support an emergency response scenario.
Preparation and characterization of iron-encapsulating carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles (2000)

Iron-filled carbon nanostructures have been synthesized via a simple catalytic process, using Fe(CO)5 as the source of both iron and carbon. The iron-containing materials can be separated from the products using a permanent magnet. The nanotubes have dimensions of several hundred nanometers in length and 10–20 nm in width. The fabrication of cup-like and centipede-like carbon nanostructures is reported for the first time. In addition, some large fractured carbon cages with an average diameter of 200 nm were also observed in the products. XRD measurements revealed that the encapsulated iron nanoparticles had a bcc structure. The magnetic properties of the products were evaluated by conducting dc magnetic measurements. XPS and TGA were also employed to characterize the products.
Impact of depressive disorders on quality of life after middle ear surgery in patients with chronic otitis media (2020)

Preoperative depressiveness was an essential predictive factor for HRQOL in patients with COM. This should be considered during patient selection to provide more suitable preoperative counseling.
Kinetic analysis of the stereochemical nonrigidity of the triosmium .mu.3-arene/alkene complex Os3(CO)8(.eta.2-CH2CH2)(.mu.3:.eta.2:.eta.2:.eta.2-C6H6) in the solid state by carbon-13 CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic analysis of the stereochemical nonrigidity of the triosmium .mu.3-arene/alkene complex Os3(CO)8(.eta.2-CH2CH2)(.mu.3:.eta.2:.eta.2:.eta.2-C6H6) in the solid state by carbon-13 CP/MAS NMR spectroscopyStephen J. Heyes, Christopher M. Dobson, Mark A. Gallop, Brian F. G. Johnson, and Jack LewisCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 20, 3850–3856Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00020a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00020a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views33Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modification of the structural and magnetic properties of granular FePt films by seed layer conditioning (2015)

The steadily increasing amount of digital information necessitates the availability of reliable high capacity magnetic data storage. Here, future hard disk drives with extended areal storage densities beyond 1.0 Tb/in2 are envisioned by using high anisotropy granular and chemically L10-ordered FePt (002) perpendicular media within a heat-assisted magnetic recording scheme. Perpendicular texturing of the [001] easy axes of the individual grains can be achieved by using MgO seed layers. It is therefore investigated, if and how an Ar+ ion irradiation of the MgO seed layer prior to the deposition of the magnetic material influences the MgO surface properties and hereby the FePt [001] texture. Structural investigations reveal a flattening of the seed layer surface accompanied by a change in the morphology of the FePt grains. Moreover, the fraction of small second layer particles and the degree of coalescence of the primarily deposited FePt grains strongly increases. As for the magnetic performance, this results in a reduced coercivity along the magnetic easy axis (out of plane) and in enhanced hard axis (in-plane) remanence values. The irradiation induced changes in the magnetic properties of the granular FePt-C films are traced back to the accordingly modified atomic structure of the FePt-MgO interface region.
Supplementary Figures S1-S5 from A Small-Molecule Modulator of the Tumor-Suppressor miR34a Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S5. The established miR-34a reporter was responsive to the endogeneous miR-34a level (S1); Rubone activated the expression of miR-34a (S2); Rubone inhibited Huh7 xenografted tumor growth (S3); Rubone activated pri-miR-34a expressions and inhibited angiogenesis in HepG2 xenografts (S4); Knockdown of p53 reversed pri-miR-34a expression and cell growth inhibition induced by Rubone in HepG2 and Bel-7404 cells (S5).&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Materials from MAPK Activation Predicts Poor Outcome and the MEK Inhibitor, Selumetinib, Reverses Antiestrogen Resistance in ER-Positive High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials&lt;/p&gt;
Water-Compatible Cycloadditions of Oligonucleotide-Conjugated Strained Allenes for DNA-Encoded Library Synthesis (2019)

DNA-encoded libraries of small molecules are being explored extensively for the identification of binders in early drug-discovery efforts. Combinatorial syntheses of such libraries require water- and DNA-compatible reactions, and the paucity of these reactions currently limit the chemical features of resulting barcoded products. The present work introduces strain-promoted cycloadditions of cyclic allenes under mild conditions to DNA-encoded library synthesis. Owing to distinct cycloaddition modes of these reactive intermediates with activated olefins, 1,3-dipoles and dienes, the process generates diverse molecular architectures from a single precursor. The resulting DNA-barcoded compounds exhibit unprecedented ring and topographic features—related to elements found to be powerful in phenotypic screening.
Automated reasoning with quantified formulae (2009)

ACL2 allows users to define predicates whose logical behavior mimics that of universally or existentially quantified formulae. Proof support for such quantification, however, is quite limited. We present an ACL2 framework that employs tables, computed hints and clause processing to identify quantified formulae and to skolemize or instantiate them when possible. We demonstrate how the framework can be used to prove automatically the forall-p-append example presented in the ACL2 documentation.
The effect of saturation on belief propagation decoding of LDPC codes (2014)

We consider the effect of LLR saturation on belief propagation decoding of low-density parity-check codes. Saturation is commonly done in practice and is known to have a significant effect on error floor performance. Our focus is on threshold analysis and the stability of density evolution. We analyze the decoder for certain low-density parity-check code ensembles and show that belief propagation decoding generally degrades gracefully with saturation. Stability of density evolution is, on the other hand, rather strongly affected by saturation and the asymptotic qualitative effect of saturation is similar to reduction of variable node degree by one.
Rotational Resonance Tickling:  Accurate Internuclear Distance Measurement in Solids (1997)

Accurate distance measurements between pairs of nuclear spins can provide detailed information about molecular structure in the solid state. The rotational resonance (R2) technique, in particular, has been used to measure internuclear distances in a variety of compounds, often between pairs of 13C nuclei where the outer range is 5−6 Å. Recent studies have revealed that the spin dynamics at rotational resonance are influenced by zero-quantum line shape parameters including T2zq and the dispersion in isotropic chemical shift differences. Errors in the estimation of these parameters are often the limiting factor in determining the accuracy of a distance measurement. Here we present a modification of R2, termed “rotational resonance tickling” (R2T), which uses a ramped rf field to induce fast passage through the dipolar resonance condition, thereby greatly reducing the dependence of the spin dynamics on zero-quantum parameters. Extraction of distance information from the resulting exchange curves is approximately a single-parameter fit, with accuracies in model systems that appear to be on the order of ±0.1 Å or better. An additional feature of the technique is that it does not demand the very high-power 1H decoupling fields typically required in other recoupling experiments to limit signal loss during mixing. We demonstrate the technique in a pair of 13C2-labeled model compounds, tyrosine ethyl ester and glycylglycine hydrochloride, with effective internuclear distances (including intermolecular effects) of 5.05 and 4.3 Å, respectively.
Balanced Technique for Common Mode EMI Suppression in Transformer-less PV Systems (2020)

In photovoltaic (PV) applications, it is possible to remove the transformer to reduce the losses, costs, and size. However, the conducted noise issue occurs. The conducted noise emission introduces interference to other circuits and therefore should be reduced. Conducted EMI generation mechanism in a single-phase photovoltaic system is evaluated. A balanced noise reduction method is utilized for noise reduction. The consequent of utilizing the balanced technique on the boost converter and the whole PV system are investigated, respectively. Comparing with using a noise filter, the balanced method could suppress the conducted noise from 150 kHz to 30 MHz and especially have a good performance on the high-frequency range. The analysis is verified by experiment.
Tetrafluoroborate Salts as Site-Selective Promoters for Sol−Gel Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica (2004)

Tetrafluoroborate ion (BF(4)(-)) serves as a powerful and better-behaved promoter than fluoride ion (F(-)) for hydrolytic condensation of alkoxysilanes, such as tetraethoxy orthosilicate, in aqueous media containing amphiphiles with onium ion headgroups as templates, affording thermally and hydrothermally stable mesoporous silica. According to (19)F NMR spectral profiles, BF(4)(-) is localized on a positive-charged micellar surface, thereby allowing a site-selective growth of the silica framework. The resulting porous silica has an ordered hexagonal structure with a well-developed and thick silicate wall. Even without calcination, the condensation with BF(4)(-) as the promoter progresses to a large extent to furnish a [Si(OSi-)(4)]/([HOSi(OSi-)(3)] + [(HO)(2)Si(OSi-)(2)]) ratio of 6.2, which is greater than that of mesoporous silica formed without BF(4)(-) before (1.5) and even after calcination (3.5) to promote thermal condensation in the solid state.
Single Amino Acid Variation Underlies Species-Specific Sensitivity to Amphibian Skin-Derived Opioid-like Peptides (2020)

It has been suggested that the evolution of vertebrate opioid receptors (ORs) follow a vector of increased functionality. Here we test this idea comparing human and frog ORs. Interestingly, some of the most potent opioid peptides known have been isolated from amphibian skin secretions. Here we show that such peptides (dermorphin and deltorphin) are highly potent in the human receptors and inactive in frog ORs. The molecular basis for the insensitivity of the frog ORs to these peptides was studied using chimeras and molecular modeling. Interestingly, the insensitivity of the delta opioid receptor (DOR) to deltorphin was due to variation of a single amino acid– Trp7.35—which is a leucine in mammalian DORs. Notably, Trp7.35 is completely conserved in all known DOR sequences from lamprey, fish and amphibians. The deltorphin-insensitive phenotype was verified in fish. Our results provide a molecular explanation for the species selectivity of skin-derived opioid peptides.
Human Herpesvirus 6: A Survey of Presence and Variant Distribution in Normal Peripheral Lymphocytes and Lymphoproliferative Disorders (1994)

The presence and distribution of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) variants was investigated by polymerase chain reaction in samples from healthy donors and biopsies from non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. HHV-6 DNA was present in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 17% of healthy donors, variant B three times more frequently than A. HHV-6 was not present in 35 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of B cell origin and was in only 1 of 10 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in AIDS patients. HHV-6 DNA was present in 29% of Hodgkin's disease samples; variant B was more frequent than A. Epstein-Barr virus DNA was detected in 38% of Hodgkin's disease biopsies and did not correlate with HHV-6. Thus, the two HHV-6 variants are differently distributed in the healthy population, and the virus probably has no direct role in the development of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The detection of HHV-6 DNA in about one-third of Hodgkin's disease biopsies suggests that HHV-6 might be associated with a subset of this disorder.
Nanocomposite Lithium Nickel Tungsten Oxide Films for Thin Film Battery and Electrochromic Applications (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Polarization gaps in spiral photonic crystals (2005)

We studied the optical properties of a dielectric photonic crystal structure with spirals arranged in a hexagonal lattice. The dielectric constant of the material was 9 and the filling ratio was 15.2%. We found that this kind of structure exhibits a significant polarization gap in the light that was incident along the axis of the spirals. The eigenmodes inside the polarization gap were predominantly right-hand (left-hand) polarized depending on the whether if the spirals are left-handed (right-handed). We calculated the transmission spectrum of a slab of such a structure and it matches well with the analysis of the eigenmodes.
Sub-mm wave emission in beam-plasma experiments on GOL-3 facility (2012)

Fast plasma heating in a multi-mirror magnetic trap by a high-current beam of relativistic electrons is a promising way to achieve fusion-grade plasma parameters. A high-level Langmuir turbulence develops during the beam-plasma interaction. These high-energy-density plasma oscillations can generate electromagnetic (EM) radiation in a wide frequency range extending from the plasma frequency to its 2nd harmonic. Thus the spectrum of EM emission can achieve 1 THz at 3·10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> plasma density. The first experiments on the generation of sub-mm waves by a beam-heated plasma carried out at the GOL-3 facility were presented in [1]. Here we present results on sub-mm wave generation for plasma densities 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> during injection of a relativistic electron beam (≤ 0.8 MeV, 30 kA, ~10 μs).