gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in Neurology, vol 49: Facial Dyskinesias (1989)

This multiauthored textbook on facial dyskinesias covers topics relating to involuntary movement disorders of the head and neck, with particular emphasis on involuntary blepharospasm. It is divided into two sections; the first covers the clinical aspects of facial movement disorders and the second discusses the treatment of these conditions. "... provides a useful reference source for the neuro-ophthalmologist or the oculoplastic surgeon..." The first section contains a comprehensive review of descriptive aspects of blepharospasm and related neurologic diseases (eg, Meige syndrome, hemifacial spasm, lid apraxia). Beyond these typical neurologic syndromes, we find a more detailed review of facial stereotypes associated with schizophrenia, involuntary vocalizations, bruxism, and facial chorea. Most of these descriptive chapters are from a neurologist's perspective, with only limited contributions from ophthalmologists. Nevertheless, the detail with which involuntary facial movement disorders are reviewed provides a useful reference source for the neuro-ophthalmologist or the oculoplastic surgeon who
Structural determinants of the transient receptor potential 1 (TRPV1) channel activation by phospholipid analogs. (2014)

VOLUME 289 (2014) PAGES 24079–24090 PAGE 24079: This work was also supported by grants from Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (PAPIIT) IN200314 (to T. R.) PAGE 24082: An error was introduced in Table 1 during redaction. The value of ILipid/Imax (%) for FAP-11 is 13 [79].
Architecture to Deploy and Operate a Digital Twin Optical Network (2022)

We propose an architecture to deploy Digital Twin Optical Networks (DTON), which provide a virtual representation of the physical optical network. DTON allow the assessment of specific behaviors before actual implementation in the physical network. ©2022 The Authors.
Catenated Germanium and Tin Oligomers and Polymers (2017)

This chapter details the innovative chemistry and interesting structural and electronic properties of later Group 14 (Ge, Sn) oligomers and polymers that has been revealed over the last 25-30 years. The common reductive coupling methods used for the synthesis of polygermanes include Wurtz type or electrochemical coupling of dialkyl and diaryl germanium dichlorides. Reductive coupling has also been demonstrated for low-valent dihaloger manes. Alternatively, the coupling of methylated germanes via demethylative processes in the presence of a transition metal catalyst is another successful route to materials of this type. High molecular weight examples of both polygermanes and polystannanes have been prepared by a number of synthetic methods; however, their sensitivity to moisture and light sources has hindered extensive testing and applications. New methodologies and strategies designed for both polymeric systems that effectively counter light-sensitivity have been approached with the use of dyes and attached chromophores.
Unique Aspects of the Design of Phase I/II Clinical Trials of Stem Cell Therapy (2018)

This chapter will review the unique aspects and limitations of the design of phase I/II (safety and efficacy) clinical trials of stem cell therapy. Although the classical pharmacologic principles applicable to drugs are not applicable to biologic (live cell) therapeutic agents, an important stage in the development of any new therapeutic agent is the establishment of an optimal dosage and delivery route. This can be particularly challenging when the treatment is a biologic agent, such as stem cells, that may exert its therapeutic effects via complex or poorly understood mechanisms. To date, clinical studies have shown inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between cell dose and clinical outcomes. This can be at least partially attributed to variations in donor cell type, source, characteristics, dosing/concentration, delivery route, underlying mechanisms of action, and efficacy endpoints tested. The current recommendations will be reviewed herein to give new investigators a general understanding of the unique issues that need to be considered and addressed when designing a stem cell therapy phase I/II clinical trial.
The software architecture of a SAN storage control system (2003)

We describe an architecture of an enterprise-level storage control system that addresses the issues of storage management for storage area network (SAN)-attached block devices in a heterogeneous open systems environment. The storage control system, also referred to as the “storage virtualization engine,” is built on a cluster of Linux®-based servers, which provides redundancy, modularity, and scalability. We discuss the software architecture of the storage control system and describe its major components: the cluster operating environment, the distributed I/O facilities, the buffer management component, and the hierarchical object pools for managing memory resources. We also describe some preliminary results that indicate the system will achieve its goals of improving the utilization of storage resources, providing a platform for advanced storage functions, using off-the-shelf hardware components and a standard operating system, and facilitating upgrades to new generations of hardware, different hardware platforms, and new storage functions.
Carnosine as a Protective Factor in Diabetic Nephropathy (2005)

The risk of diabetic nephropathy is partially genetically determined. Diabetic nephropathy is linked to a gene locus on chromosome 18q22.3-q23. We aimed to identify the causative gene on chromosome 18 and to study the mechanism by which the product of this gene could be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. DNA polymorphisms were determined in 135 case (diabetic nephropathy) and 107 control (diabetes without nephropathy) subjects. The effect of carnosine on the production of extracellular matrix components and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) after exposure to 5 and 25 mmol/l d-glucose was studied in cultured human podocytes and mesangial cells, respectively. A trinucleotide repeat in exon 2 of the CNDP1 gene, coding for a leucine repeat in the leader peptide of the carnosinase-1 precursor, was associated with nephropathy. The shortest allelic form (CNDP1 Mannheim) was more common in the absence of nephropathy (P = 0.0028, odds ratio 2.56 [95% CI 1.36-4.84]) and was associated with lower serum carnosinase levels. Carnosine inhibited the increased production of fibronectin and collagen type VI in podocytes and the increased production of TGF-beta in mesangial cells induced by 25 mmol/l glucose. Diabetic patients with the CNDP1 Mannheim variant are less susceptible for nephropathy. Carnosine protects against the adverse effects of high glucose levels on renal cells.
A functional test for hearing aids outcomes assessment (2023)

We present a functional test for speech understanding called hearing aids (HAs) objective outcomes – HO2 (pronounced as /hɑ:t/) app. It uses natural speech stimuli and generates word level accuracies, phonetic, and broad-phonetic confusion matrices. In the current best practices, hearing loss (HL) is diagnosed using pure tone audiometry (PTA). While PTA is also a functional test, it characterizes only sound detection ability of discrete pure tones, but not overall speech intelligibility due to cochlear impairments leading to sensorineural hearing loss. HO2 app stimuli are based on minimal contrast sets (MCS) of words in a given language. Each word within a subgroup of MCS words differ in a minimal set of (acoustic) phonetic features resulting in a different meaning—phonemics of the given language. The tool includes configuration parameters to include video and closed captions to minimize the role of higher level (cortical) language processes. Researchers can save HO2 app experimental conditions in a configuration file and share with others for repeatability and reproducibility. We present the feasibility of normal and hearing-impaired subjects (mild and moderate HL) to self-administer speech comprehension tests in multiple listening conditions using HO2 app. For the hearing-impaired subjects, results in unaided and aided conditions are presented.
High Performance InAlN/GaN HEMTs on SiC Substrate (2010)

In this work, we study the scaling characteristics of In0.17Al0.83N/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Scaling of both the DC and RF performance are studied as a function of InAlN thickness, gate recess and gate length to explore the design space of high frequency InAlN/GaN devices. Surface passivation by Al2O3 deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) is also investigated as an alternative to SixNy passivation. The fabricated devices give record maximum drain current density and transconductance.
Optimal broadcast scheduling in packet radio networks using mean field annealing (1997)

We present an efficient broadcast scheduling algorithm based on mean field annealing (MFA) neural networks. Packet radio (PR) is a technology that applies the packet switching technique to the broadcast radio environment. In a PR network, a single high-speed wideband channel is shared by all PR stations. When a time-division multi-access protocol is used, the access to the channel by the stations' transmissions must be properly scheduled in both the time and space domains in order to avoid collisions or interferences. It is proven that such a scheduling problem is NP-complete. Therefore, an efficient polynomial algorithm rarely exists, and a mean field annealing-based algorithm is proposed to schedule the stations' transmissions in a frame consisting of certain number of time slots. Numerical examples and comparisons with some existing scheduling algorithms have shown that the proposed scheme can find near-optimal solutions with reasonable computational complexity. Both time delay and channel utilization are calculated based on the found schedules.
Redox‐Active Metal‐Centered Oxalato Phosphate Open Framework Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries (2012)

Hybride aus Metall-organischen Gerüsten und Phosphaten mit offener Gerüststruktur, z. B. K2.5[(VO)2(HPO4)1.5(PO4)0.5(C2O4)] (siehe Schema) werden als Kathodenmaterialien für Lithiumionenbatterien untersucht. Die Materialien verfügen über redoxaktive Metallzentren, zweidimensionale Migrationspfade in der ab-Ebene und Hohlräume entlang der c-Achse, was die schnelle Insertion und Extraktion von Alkalimetallionen ermöglicht.
Abstract ND12: TNG260: A novel, orally active, CoREST-selective deacetylase inhibitor for the treatment of STK11-mutant cancers (2023)

Abstract STK11 loss of function mutations occur in 12-15% of lung adenocarcinoma and have been shown to drive resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in patients and preclinical models. STK11-deficient syngeneic mouse tumor models reflect this biology and are insensitive to anti-PD1 treatment. Informed by in vivo CRISPR-based screens, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) was identified as a target gene, which when knocked out in tumor cells, reverses anti-PD1 resistance driven by STK11 tumor suppressor gene loss. Here, we describe the discovery and development of TNG260 as a potent and selective inhibitor of the HDAC1-containing complex CoREST. TNG260 inhibits CoREST deacetylase activity with 500-fold selectivity over the other HDAC1-containing complexes, NuRD and Sin3, and the HDAC3-containing complex NCoR. In preclinical studies, selective CoREST inhibition by TNG260 results in transcriptional reprogramming of STK11-mutant tumor cells, altering tumor cell cytokine secretion and markedly reducing recruitment of suppressive Treg cells to STK11-mutant tumors. Moreover, TNG260, in combination with anti-PD1 treatment, drives durable tumor regressions in multiple syngeneic STK11-mutant xenograft models. TNG260 has no anti-tumor efficacy in athymic mice, indicating the responses with TNG260 are mediated by T cells. Unlike previously developed pan-HDAC inhibitors, which are directly cytotoxic to cancer (and immune) cells, IND-enabling toxicology studies in rat and dog showed that TNG260 was well-tolerated at exposures predicted to be efficacious in humans, with bone marrow suppression only detectable at doses where TNG260 is no longer selective for CoREST inhibition. TNG260 clinical development will be among the first to combine the power of genetic patient selection and immunotherapy, evaluating patients with STK11 mutant cancers in a trial combining TNG260 and a checkpoint inhibitor. Citation Format: Leanne G. Ahronian, Minjie Zhang, Chengyin Min, Alice W. Tsai, Jacques Ermolieff, Patrick McCarren, Margaret Wyman, David Guerin, Ye Wang, Alborz Bejnood, Kenjie Amemiya, Brian McMillan, Nikitha Das, Preksha Shahagadkar, Brian Doyon, Andre Mignault, Colin Liang, Vassil Elitzin, Samuel R. Meier, Ashley Choi, Yi Yu, John P. Maxwell, Brian B. Haines, Jannik N. Andersen, Heather DiBenedetto, Aaron Weitzman, Alan Huang, Xinyuan Wu. TNG260: A novel, orally active, CoREST-selective deacetylase inhibitor for the treatment of STK11-mutant cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr ND12.
Astrocyte‐specific angiotensin II type 1 receptor knockout by using cre‐loxp system attenuates left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (875.9) (2014)

Background: Brain angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT 1 R)‐induced pathways (i.e., apoptosis, oxidative stress, and sympathoexcitation) worsen left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Although astrocytes were recently suggested to have multiple and important functions in neurovascular unit, normal astrocytes have little AT 1 R. We hypothesized that MI‐induced abnormal expression of astrocyte AT 1 R, not neuron, would be a primary cause of worsening LV remodeling. Methods and Results: We generated astrocyte‐specific AT 1 R knockout mice (astrocyte/AT 1 R (‐/‐)). In astrocyte/AT 1 R (+/+) mice at 1 month after MI, we examined brainstem tissues by double immunohistostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and AT 1 R, and determined GFAP positive cells had morphologic changes with increased AT 1 R expression compared to sham mice without MI. In astrocyte/AT 1 R (‐/‐) at 1 month after MI, GFAP positive cells with AT 1 R expression were not observed. LV size at 1 month after MI was smaller in astrocyte/AT 1 R (‐/‐) than in astrocyte/AT 1 R (+/+) mice. Heart weight of astrocyte/AT 1 R (‐/‐) at 1 month after MI was lighter than that of astrocyte/AT 1 R (+/+) mice. Conclusion: Targeted deletion of AT 1 R in astrocytes attenuated LV dilatation after MI. These findings suggest that MI‐induced abnormal expression of AT 1 R in astrocytes is potential primary cause of worsening LV remodeling after MI.
An efficient method to chiral β-hydroxy acids: Synthesis of lipid-A side chain (1999)

The synthesis of optically active P-hydroxy acids 5a-c is achieved in four steps from th eir correspondin g terminal olefins la-c by employing Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation. The regioselective ring opening of chiral cyclic sulfites 3a-c with cyanide ion, constitutes the key reaction , thus producing the hydro xy nitril es 4a-c. Chiral ~-hydroxy acids are an important constituent of several naturally occurring and biologically active molecules, 1 drugs and drug intermediates etc. such as GABOB, carnitine, lipid-A (Figure 1) etc. Lipid-A is a lipophilic part of the cell surface lipopoly­ saccharides (LPS, endotoxin) of Gram-negative ' bacteria. 2 It is responsible for th e expression of most of the biological activities of the LPS, viz., endotoxicity, adjuvanticity and antitumor activity .3 LPS, being the chemical entity of bacte rial endotoxin 4 , exhibits multiple biological activities such as lethal toxicity, pyrogenicity and ti ssue-necrotizing activity as well as many benefic ial ones related to immunostimulation 5 against higher animals . The structure of lipid.A is marked by the presence of two ~-( I ,6)-linked D-glucosaminc units with higher polar phosphate groups at I and 4' positions. It contains several types of tetradecanoyl este rs such as ~­
Cytocompatible, Injectable, and Electroconductive Soft Adhesives with Hybrid Covalent/Noncovalent Dynamic Network (2019)

Synthetic conductive biopolymers have gained increasing interest in tissue engineering, as they can provide a chemically defined electroconductive and biomimetic microenvironment for cells. In addition to low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility, injectability and adhesiveness are important for many biomedical applications but have proven to be very challenging. Recent results show that fascinating material properties can be realized with a bioinspired hybrid network, especially through the synergy between irreversible covalent crosslinking and reversible noncovalent self-assembly. Herein, a polysaccharide-based conductive hydrogel crosslinked through noncovalent and reversible covalent reactions is reported. The hybrid material exhibits rheological properties associated with dynamic networks such as self-healing and stress relaxation. Moreover, through fine-tuning the network dynamics by varying covalent/noncovalent crosslinking content and incorporating electroconductive polymers, the resulting materials exhibit electroconductivity and reliable adhesive strength, at a similar range to that of clinically used fibrin glue. The conductive soft adhesives exhibit high cytocompatibility in 2D/3D cell cultures and can promote myogenic differentiation of myoblast cells. The heparin-containing electroconductive adhesive shows high biocompatibility in immunocompetent mice, both for topical application and as injectable materials. The materials could have utilities in many biomedical applications, especially in the area of cardiovascular diseases and wound dressing.
Frequency domain instrument for measuring phosphorescence lifetime distributions in heterogeneous samples (2001)

The luminescence lifetime distribution can be used to determine the distribution of quencher concentrations in a heterogeneous sample. We describe a frequency domain instrument for real-time measurements of phosphorescence lifetime distributions in microheterogeneous objects. In this system (1) an array of harmonics (typically 100–200 frequencies) is used to modulate the excitation source, a light emitting diode. Due to the relatively long triplet state lifetimes, the frequencies required for the modulation are typically below 40 000 kHz, which allows direct digitization of both excitation and emission signals. (2) The dependence of the phase/amplitude factor on the modulation frequency is determined by linear least-squares analysis of the emission signal, which is sampled and summed over the multiple excitation cycles. (3) The phase/amplitude relationship obtained is analyzed in real time using a “light” version of the maximum entropy algorithm, which provides a complete phosphorescence lifetime distribution. (4) The lifetime distribution is converted into the distribution of quencher concentrations using an appropriate model of quenching. The instrument is also capable of measuring phosphorescence in “single-frequency” mode, which is useful for rapid evaluation of apparent luminescence lifetimes. In this mode, a correction for an in-phase signal, which is due to backscattering and fluorescence, is applied to improve the accuracy of lifetime measurements. The instruments were tested in Stern–Volmer calibrations of Pd-porphyrin based phosphors for oxygen measurements and used for preliminary evaluation of oxygen distributions in rat tumor tissues. The instruments were found to be capable of accurate determination of lifetimes in the range of 10–3000 μs. The average duration of a single lifetime distribution measurement was about 15 s, depending on the sample and on the density of the lifetime grid in the maximum entropy method analysis. In the single-frequency mode, the measurement time was reduced to about 0.2–0.5 s. The instruments provide complete correction for the in-phase signal of up to 40% of the total emission intensity.
ChemInform Abstract: Organorhenium Dioxides as Oxygen Transfer Systems: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Applications (2015)

Abstract Review: 117 refs.
Interfacial interaction between comb-like copolymer dispersants and tricalcium silicate (2012)

Two commercial comb-like copolymer dispersants (also called polycarboxylate-based superplasticisers, hereinafter called PCs) were employed to investigate their interaction with tricalcium silicate (C 3 S). It is determined that when tricalcium silicate dissolves in deionised water, it releases a large amount of cations (mainly Ca 2+ ). Those cations adsorb the surface of initially negatively charged tricalcium silicate and finally reach saturation. Through this mechanism, tricalcium silicate attains a slightly positive zeta potential. Thus, it is emphasised that with a larger amount of cations present in the synthetic pore solution, higher zeta potential values are measured. Owing to the positively charged layer of adsorbed cations, anionic PC adsorption occurs by chelating with calcium ions. Ultimately, the adsorbed PCs impart dispersity owing to its steric hindrance from hydrophilic graft side chains. Moreover, the introduced PCs lead to a strong retardation of tricalcium silicate hydration, and consequently have a significant effect on the initial dispersity of tricalcium silicate paste. Results are presented for a better understanding of the interaction between PCs and tricalcium silicate.
Multiple-Quantum NMR Study of Clustering in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon (1986)

Multiple-quantum nuclear-magnetic-resonance techniques are used to study the distribution of hydrogen in hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Using the fact that multiple-quantum excitation is limited by the size of the dipolar-coupled spin system, we show that the predominant bonding environment for hydrogen is a cluster of four to seven atoms. For device-quality films, the concentration of these cluster defects increases with increasing hydrogen content. At very high hydrogen content, the clusters are replaced with a continuous network of silicon-hydrogen bonds.
<title>Morphologic defects in Cr3+:LiCaAlF6 crystals grown by the Czochralski method</title> (1997)

The paper reports on the growth of Cr<SUP>3+</SUP>:LiCaAlF<SUB>6</SUB> single crystals by the Czochralski method from a stoichiometric melt of LiF, CaF<SUB>2</SUB>, and AlF<SUB>3</SUB>. (Cr<SUP>3+</SUP> doping was obtained by the replacement of about 3 Mol-% AlF<SUB>3</SUB> by the corresponding quantity CrF<SUB>3</SUB>.) Only the peripheric region and the neck of the crystals have high optical quality, whereas scattering 'needles' of typically 5 multiplied by 5 multiplied by 35 micrometers cubed can be observed in the top region and very small particles very much less than 1 micrometer ('dust') can be observed in the bottom part of the crystals. By EDX element analysis performed after ion beam thinning of the samples the needles were determined to have an excess Ca content in comparison to the LiCaAlF<SUB>6</SUB> matrix. The binary compound LiAlF<SUB>4</SUB> has the highest vapor pressure in the ternary system LiF - CaF<SUB>2</SUB> - AlF<SUB>3</SUB>. It can be concluded, that LiAlF<SUB>4</SUB> evaporates continuously during crystal growth, leaving in the melt CaF<SUB>2</SUB> in excess. The incongruently melting compound Ca<SUB>2</SUB>AlF<SUB>7</SUB> is considered to be the most probable candidate for the observed scattering centers.