gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient characteristics of a 1.8 kV, 3.8 A 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistor (2001)

Transient switch-on and switch-off characteristics of 4H-SiC npn BJT's have been studied in the temperature range 180-500 K. Both in common-base and in common-emitter configurations the transistor switch-on times are governed by respective RC time constants. The switch-off processes are strongly affected by surface recombination. The role of the emitter current crowding effect has been discussed. The surface recombination velocity is estimated to be about 104 cm s-1.
Numerical comparison of NRZ, CS-RZ and IM-DPSK formats in 43 Gbit/s WDM transmission (2002)

We have compared by numerical simulations the performance of NRZ, CS-RZ and IM-DPSK modulation formats for 480 km of 40 channels WDM transmission with SMF and NZ-DSF fibers. IM-DPSK has shown the best tolerance to non-linear effects and dispersion for the both types of fibers. IM-DPSK is an extremely attractive format for long-haul 40 Gbit/s WDM systems.
Temperature‐dependent thermal decomposition of carbon/epoxy laminates subjected to simulated lightning currents (2017)

A finite element (FE) parametric study was performed to characterize the temperature‐dependence of irreversible thermal decomposition of AS4/3506 carbon/epoxy composites laminates subjected to simulated lightning currents of 40 kA or less during 30 μs. In this study, irreversible matrix thermal decomposition caused by simulated lightning currents was considered as a primary form of lightning damage. FE simulations were conducted to compare the size and the intensity of matrix thermal decomposition based on the fully coupled spatially and temporally varying temperature/material model that we developed and recently reported (Lee et al., Polym. Compos., (in press)). Two commonly used matrix decomposition temperature ranges of 300–500°C and 300–600°C were considered to predict the extent of matrix decomposition. Matrix thermal decomposition was assumed to vary either linearly or quadratically within these given temperature ranges. The predicted size and intensity of matrix thermal decomposition around the lightning attachment point strongly depended on both the assumed thermal damage variation (i.e., linear or quadratic) and matrix decomposition temperature ranges. The shape and size of the damaged matrix domains predicted using the linear damage variation between 300 and 500°C agreed fairly well with experimentally measured results available in the literature. Use of the linear damage variation between 300 and 600°C and the quadratic damage variation over both considered temperature ranges somewhat underestimated thermal damage development compared to the few experimental lightning damage studies in the literature. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E2185–E2198, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
107-GHz (Al,Ga)N/GaN HEMTs on Silicon With Improved Maximum Oscillation Frequencies (2010)

We report high-speed fully passivated deep submicrometer (Al,Ga)N/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on (111) high-resistivity silicon with current gain cutoff frequencies of as high as f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> = 107 GHz and maximum oscillation frequencies reaching f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> = 150 GHz. Together, these are the highest f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> values achieved for GaN-based HEMTs implemented on silicon substrates to date. The performance reported here is competitive with recently published results for similar geometry high-performance passivated HEMTs on semi-insulating silicon-carbide substrates.
Coincidental metabolic syndrome increases the risk of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B – a prospective cohort study with paired transient elastography examinations (2014)

Coincidental metabolic syndrome increases the risk of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection, independent of viral load and hepatitis activity.
Mn(II) Deposition on Anodes and Its Effect on Capacity Fade in Spinel LiMn2O4-Carbon System (2014)

Dissolution and migration of manganese from cathode lead to severe capacity fading of Li 2 MnO 4 -carbon cells. Overcoming this major problem requires better understanding of the mechanism of manganese dissolution, migration, and deposition. Here, we apply a variety of advanced analytical methods to the study of LiMn 2 O 4 cathodes cycled with different anodes. We provide solid evidence, for the first time, that oxidation state of manganese deposited on the anodes is +2, which differs from the results reported earlier. The results also indicates that a metathesis reaction between Mn(II) and some species on the solid-electrolyte interphase takes place during the deposition of Mn(II) on the anodes, rather than a reduction reaction that leads to the formation of metallic Mn otherwise, as speculated in earlier studies. The concentration of Mn deposited on the anode increases gradually with cycles; this trend is well correlated with anode’s rising impedance and capacity fading of the cell.
Impact of Machine Parameters on The Design of High Specific Power Permanent Magnet Machines for Aerospace Applications (2021)

Aerospace applications demand high Specific Power (SP) electrical machines to enable hybrid/electric propulsion. The targets for SP are 2-3X the state-of-the art. Therefore, the adoption of novel technologies including advanced and lightweight materials, additively manufactured coils, as well as innovative and tight integration of Thermal Management System (TMS) to the machine and its Power Electronic Unit (PEU) are effective design methods to boost the electric drivetrain SP. This paper aims to use the foregoing techniques and perform a study to examine the impact of key design parameters on the machine SP.
Microbial Diversity (2007)

Molecular phylogenies divide all living organisms into three domains – Bacteria (“true bacteria”), Archaea, and Eukarya (eukaryotes: protists, fungi, plants, animals). The place of viruses (Box 1.1) in the phylogenetic tree of life is uncertain. In this book, we focus on the contributions of Bacteria, Archaea, and Fungi to microbial biotechnology. In so doing, we include organisms from all three domains. We also devote some attention to the uses of viruses as well as to the problems they pose in certain technological contexts.
Effect of the introduction of supramolecular structure on the photorefractive properties of liquid crystalline polymers (2004)

The effect of the introduction of micro-domains in polymer films on the photorefractive effect was investigated. The photorefractivity of side-chain liquid crystalline polymers that possess a hydrogen-bonding moiety was examined using a four-wave mixing experiment. The photorefractivity was compared to that of a polymer which has no hydrogen-bonding moiety. A significant difference was found in the photorefractivity between hydrogen-bonding polymers and non-hydrogen-bonding polymers. This difference was likely due to the presence of micro-domain structures in the polymers with the hydrogen-bonding moieties.
<title>MEMS-based explosive particle detection and remote particle stimulation</title> (1997)

We report on a new methodology for chemical detection of explosive particles associated with anti-personnel mines. Trace particle detection can be used to complement vapor detection of explosives with an electronic noise. Our approach is to remotely stimulate a target area with a high intensity, focused air ultrasonic beam whose energy can megasonically clean the target area of particles above a designed for size. We have designed a MEMS electrostatic transducer to test the concept. Nanogram particle detection will occur by collecting particles on an array of temperature sensitive MEMS sensors and irradiating the particles with 3-5 micrometers wavelength IR light. Explosive particles will selectively absorb the IR energy at approximately 1600 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>, decompose, and give off heat which can be detected.
Perioperative management of the high-risk surgical patient: cardiac surgery (2015)

During the last decade, as a result of continually improving surgical strategy and the technology which supports it (e.g. anaesthesia), cardiac surgery is offered to patients with advanced age and those with increasingly complex co-existing conditions that were previously considered to be contraindications. In addition, an increasing number of patients have previously undergone angioplasty, thereby delaying their initial coronary artery bypass graft surgery to a more advanced age. In general, candidates for cardiac surgery may now be not only older than in the past, but also more likely to have health problems such as hypertension and diabetes. Risk stratification may help to identify ‘the’ high-risk patient: ‘pre-warned is pre-armed’. In high-risk cardiac surgery patients, the surgical treatment options and perioperative care must be tailored to each patient, in order to optimize the benefits and minimize the risk of detrimental effects. The preoperative anticoagulation practice is an important aspect, balancing the risk between ischaemic and bleeding complications. New antiplatelet agents and oral anticoagulants have been recently delivered, and their role in patients scheduled for heart surgery is an additional important issue.
Shigellainvasion (2004)

Shigella cause bacillary dysentery (shigellosis), a disease provoking a severe inflammatory diarrhea in humans and primates. In tropical areas of developing countries, shigellosis is endemic and a major killer of children under 5 years of age. Shigellosis occurs following ingestion of a very small number (100–1000) of bacteria, thus permitting easy spread of the disease by person-to-person contact as well as by the drinking of contaminated water.
Therapeutic Effect of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4/Immunoglobulin on a Murine Model of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (2012)

These data suggest that an optimized regimen with CTLA-4-Ig has the potential to serve as an investigative therapeutic tool in patients with PBC.
A Randomized, Controlled, Observer-Blinded Phase 1 Study of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine With or Without Alum Adjuvant (2016)

The RSV-PreF vaccine elicited rapid RSV neutralizing antibody responses in healthy young men, with an acceptable adverse event profile.
Exploring the Role of Surface States in Emissive Carbon Nanodots: Analysis at Single‐Particle Level (2021)

Fluorescent carbon nanodots (CDs) have been highlighted as promising semiconducting materials due to their outstanding chemical and optical properties. However, the intrinsic heterogeneity of CDs has impeded a clear understanding of the mechanisms behind their photophysical properties. In this study, as-prepared CDs are fractionated via chromatography to reduce their structural and chemical heterogeneity and analyzed through ensemble and single-particle spectroscopies. Many single particles reveal fluorescence intensity fluctuations between two or more discrete levels with bi-exponential decays. While the intrinsic τ<sub>1</sub> components are uniform among single particles, the τ<sub>2</sub> components from molecule-like emissions spans a wider range of lifetimes, reflecting the inhomogeneity of the surface states. Furthermore, it is concluded that the relative population and chemical states of surface functional groups in CDs have a significant impact on emissive states, brightness, blinking, stability, and lifetime distribution of photoluminescence.
Depth cues and mouse-based 3D target selection (2014)

We investigated mouse-based 3D selection using one-eyed cursors, evaluating stereo and head-tracking. Stereo cursors significantly reduced performance for targets at different depths, but the one-eyed cursor yielded some discomfort.
The Case for Associative DRAM Caches (2016)

In-package DRAM caches are a promising new development that may enable the continued scaling of main memory by facilitating the creation of multi-level memory systems that can effectively utilize dense non-volatile memory technologies. However, determining an appropriate storage scheme for the large amount of meta-data needed by these new caches has proven to be difficult. As a result, prior work has suggested that associativity, with its additional metadata requirements, may not be well suited for use in large in-package DRAM caches. This work makes the case that despite these problems, associativity is still a desirable feature for DRAM caches by demonstrating the benefits of associativity for a wide range of cache configurations and workloads.
Cost-effective speculative scheduling in high performance processors (2015)

To maximize performance, out-of-order execution processors sometimes issue instructions without having the guarantee that operands will be available in time; e.g. loads are typically assumed to hit in the L1 cache and dependent instructions are issued accordingly. This form of speculation -- that we refer to as speculative scheduling -- has been used for two decades in real processors, but has received little attention from the research community.
Identification of Specific Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors via In Situ Click Chemistry, Phage-Displayed and Synthetic Peptide Libraries: Comparison of the Methods and Structural Study (2022)

The development of highly active and selective enzyme inhibitors is one of the priorities of medicinal chemistry. Typically, various high-throughput screening methods are used to find lead compounds from a large pool of synthetic compounds, and these are further elaborated and structurally refined to achieve the desired properties. In an effort to streamline this complex and laborious process, new selection strategies based on different principles have recently emerged as an alternative. Herein, we compare three such selection strategies with the aim of identifying potent and selective inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase II. All three approaches, in situ click chemistry, phage-displayed libraries and synthetic peptide libraries, led to the identification of more potent inhibitors when compared to the parent compounds. In addition, one of the inhibitor-peptide conjugates identified from the phage libraries showed greater than 100-fold selectivity for the enzyme isoform used for the compound selection. In an effort to rationalize the binding properties of the conjugates, we performed detailed crystallographic and NMR structural analysis, which revealed the structural basis of the compound affinity towards the enzyme and led to the identification of a novel exosite that could be utilized in the development of isoform specific inhibitors.
The Effect of Metformin on Anthropometrics and Insulin Resistance in Patients Receiving Atypical Antipsychotic Agents (2010)

This analysis suggests that using metformin in patients treated with AAPs may reduce metabolic risks. Additional randomized controlled trials are needed, but available data support consideration of this intervention in clinical practice.
Scalability of the Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ source/drain technology for the 45-nm technology node and beyond (2006)

The authors present a study on the layout dependence of the silicon-germanium source/drain (Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> S/D) technology. Experimental results on Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> S/D transistors with various active-area sizes and polylengths are combined with stress simulations. Two technologically important configurations are investigated: the nested transistor, where a polygate is surrounded by other gates, and isolated transistors, where the active area is completely surrounded by isolation oxide. The channel stress, caused by epitaxial Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> is reduced substantially when the active area is decreased from a large size towards typical values for advanced CMOS technology nodes. Nested transistors with longer gate lengths are more sensitive towards layout scaling than shorter gates. Increasing recess depth and germanium concentration gives larger channel stress, but does not change layout sensitivity. Increased lateral etching leads to higher stress, as well as to reduced layout sensitivity. In small-size transistors, there exists an optimal recess depth, beyond which the stress in the channel will not increase further. For isolated transistor structures, the interaction between Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x </sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> and the isolating oxide can even lead to stress reduction when the recess depth is increased. When technology advances, active-area dimensions will be scaled together with gate lengths and widths. For typical sizes of advanced silicon CMOS Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> S/D transistors, simulations indicate that the channel stress can be maintained in future technology nodes
Supplementary Figure Legend from Systematic Kinome shRNA Screening Identifies CDK11 (PITSLRE) Kinase Expression Is Critical for Osteosarcoma Cell Growth and Proliferation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 80K.&lt;/p&gt;
Large multiethnic Candidate Gene Study for C-reactive protein levels: identification of a novel association at CD36 in African Americans (2020)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a heritable biomarker of systemic inflammation and a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Large-scale genetic association studies for CRP have largely focused on individuals of European descent. We sought to uncover novel genetic variants for CRP in a multi-ethnic sample using the ITMAT Broad-CARe (IBC) array, a custom 50,000 SNP gene-centric array having dense coverage of over 2,000 candidate CVD genes. We performed analyses on 7570 African Americans (AA) from the Candidate gene Association Resource (CARe) study and race-combined meta-analyses that included 29,939 additional individuals of European descent from CARe, the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) and KORA studies. We observed array-wide significance (p<2.2×10−6) for four loci in AA, three of which have been reported previously in individuals of European descent (IL6R, p=2.0×10−6; CRP, p=4.2×10−71; APOE, p=1.6×10−6). The fourth significant locus, CD36 (p=1.6×10−6), was observed at a functional variant (rs3211938) that is extremely rare in individuals of European descent. We replicated the CD36 finding (p=1.8×10−5) in an independent sample of 8041 AA women from WHI; a meta-analysis combining the CARe and WHI AA results at rs3211938 reached genome-wide significance (p=1.5×10−10). In the race-combined meta-analyses, 13 loci reached significance, including ten (CRP, TOMM40/APOE/APOC1, HNF1A, LEPR, GCKR, IL6R, IL1RN, NLRP3, HNF4A and BAZ1B/BCL7B) previously associated with CRP, and one (ARNTL) previously reported to be nominally associated with CRP. Two novel loci were also detected (RPS6KB1, p=2.0×10−6; CD36, p=1.4×10−6). These results highlight both shared and unique genetic risk factors for CRP in AA compared to populations of European descent.
Samarium Barbier Reactions of α‐Iodomethyloxazoles and Thiazoles with Aliphatic Aldehydes. (2006)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chirped pulse lidar using a mode locked laser source for metrology (2011)

A lidar system employing a train of oppositely chirped pulses is demonstrated to perform simultaneous Doppler velocimetry and submillimeter resolution ranging of a target moving at >;330 km/h with <;25 dB SNR at the receiver.
Continuous scanning of a dissipative Kerr-microresonator soliton comb for broadband, high-resolution spectroscopy (2020)

Dissipative Kerr-microresonator soliton combs (hereafter called soliton combs) are promising to realize chip-scale integration of full soliton comb systems providing high precision, broad spectral coverage, and a coherent link to the micro/mm/THz domain with diverse applications coming on line all the time. However, the large soliton comb spacing hampers some applications. For example, for spectroscopic applications, there are simply not enough comb lines available to sufficiently cover almost any relevant absorption features. Here, we overcome this limitation by scanning the comb mode spacing by employing Pound-Drever-Hall locking and a microheater on the microresonator, showing continuous scanning of the soliton comb modes across nearly the full free-spectral range of the microresonator without losing soliton operation, while spectral features with a bandwidth as small as 5 MHz are resolved.
Regulation of growth differentiation factor 15 expression by intracellular iron (2008)

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily and has been identified in different contexts as a hypoxia-inducible gene product and as a molecule involved in hepcidin regulation. The biology of iron and oxygen is closely related, and known regulatory pathways involving hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and iron-regulatory proteins (IRPs) are responsive to both these stimuli. We therefore sought to characterize the regulation of GDF15 by iron and oxygen and to define the involvement or otherwise of HIF and IRP pathways. Here we show that GDF15 is strongly up-regulated by stimuli that deplete cells of iron and that this response is specifically antagonized by the reprovision of iron. GDF15 exhibits greater sensitivity to iron depletion than hypoxia, and responses to hypoxia and iron depletion are independent of HIF and IRP activation, suggesting a novel mechanism of regulation. We also report significant induction of serum GDF15 in iron-deficient subjects and after administration of an iron chelator to normal subjects. These findings indicate that GDF15 can be induced by pathophysiologic changes in iron availability, raising important questions about the mechanism of regulation and its role in iron homeostasis.
ChemInform Abstract: Ribose Modified Nucleosides and Nucleotides as Ligands for Purine Receptors (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.