gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compliance with prenatal care visits in substance abusers (2003)

When cared for in a multidisciplinary setting, substance abusers will attend an adequate number of prenatal visits. However, they are still more likely than non-substance abusers to miss visits, although the difference may not be clinically significant.
Quantifying Target Occupancy of Small Molecules Within Living Cells (2020)

The binding affinity and kinetics of target engagement are fundamental to establishing structure-activity relationships (SARs) for prospective therapeutic agents. Enhancing these binding parameters for operative targets, while minimizing binding to off-target sites, can translate to improved drug efficacy and a widened therapeutic window. Compound activity is typically assessed through modulation of an observed phenotype in cultured cells. Quantifying the corresponding binding properties under common cellular conditions can provide more meaningful interpretation of the cellular SAR analysis. Consequently, methods for assessing drug binding in living cells have advanced and are now integral to medicinal chemistry workflows. In this review, we survey key technological advancements that support quantitative assessments of target occupancy in cultured cells, emphasizing generalizable methodologies able to deliver analytical precision that heretofore required reductionist biochemical approaches.
You are not alone (2010)

Multicore systems make shared-memory multiprocessors ubiquitous, but require concurrent programs to exploit their potential. Yet, "our repertoire of tools and methods for cost-effectively developing reliable and robust parallel applications is spotty" [1]. One fundamental problem, of course, is maintenance of shared mutable state, which is the means of communication among threads in a shared-memory program. To ensure the integrity of this communication, threads must synchronize their accesses to this shared state, and various mechanisms have been devised to do this.
Prognostic value of early positron emission tomography in patients with large B-cell lymphoma treated with anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (2023)

Prognostic value of early positron emission tomography in patients with large B-cell lymphoma treated with anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapyThe prognostic implications of early (at 1 month) metabolic response on long-term outcome after anti-CD19 autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy remain poorly defined.We conducted a multicenter, retrospective study of 329 patients with large B-cell lymphoma who received commercial CAR T-cell therapy at six academic medical centers.We found that outcomes were excellent in patients with an early complete metabolic response, and did not vary by Deauville score (DS).Patients with a partial metabolic response or stable disease, with a DS 4 or 5, had inferior responses.Among early responders, univariable and multivariable analyses demonstrated that elevated baseline lactate dehydrogenase, grade 3 or higher cytokine release syndrome, and DS 4 and 5 were associated with inferior progression-free survival (PFS).Based on these findings, a risk score was developed that could stratify patients into four groups at significantly different risks of progression or death.The 24-month PFS in the four groups was 67%, 49%, 38% and 8% (P<0.001).This score has the potential to predict outcome more accurately based on early response and guide response-adapted treatment approaches after CAR T-cell infusion.While response rates to CAR T-cell therapy are high, the majority of patients will ultimately relapse.One potential strategy to improve outcomes is through consolidation therapy for high-risk patients.While prior studies have demonstrated that patients with a partial metabolic response or stable disease at an early assessment of response have inferior outcomes and thus could be potential candidates for this type of approach, the majority were single-institution studies or included relatively small numbers of patients. [1][2]2][3][4] We therefore analyzed long-term outcomes based on early positron emission tomography (PET) and other clinical variables in patients with large B-cell lymphoma treated with commercial CAR T-cell therapy across six academic medical centers.To our knowledge this is the largest real-world experience to evaluate predictors of response among early responders.We performed a retrospective, multicenter study of adult patients with large B-cell lymphoma treated with commercial anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy between July 2018 and May 2021.This analysis was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at participating centers.The selection of patients and products, supportive care,
Rapid Three‐Dimensional MAS NMR Spectroscopy at Critical Sensitivity (2010)

Sensitive SIFTing: Multidimensional non-uniform sampling (NUS) NMR spectroscopy is extended to the severely sensitivity-limited regime typical of MAS NMR of biomacromolecules by the use of spectroscopy by the integration of frequency and time domain information (SIFT). A three-dimensional MAS NMR experiment is expedited (here 3.4-fold) without losing sensitivity or resolution. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ESR‐Nachweis von Schwermetall‐Ionen (1979)

Die analytische Anwendung der ESR‐Spektroskopie könnte allgemeine Bedeutung erlangen. Zur Komplexbildung mit den nachzuweisenden Schwermetallen bewährte sich das Hydrochinon ( 1 ). Die aus wäßriger Phase „ausgeschüttelten”︁ Komplexe von ( 1 ) mit Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ und Cd 2+ wurden zu paramagnetischen π‐Systemen oxidiert und ESR‐spektroskopisch vermessen.
Rumenectomy-induced proliferation in duodenal villous epithelium is mechanistically related to the disappearance of statin, a non-proliferation-specific nuclear protein. (1991)

We undertook this study to determine the effect of rumenectomy (a known cause of duodenal crypt cell hyperplasia) on the epithelial growth kinetics of the crypt-villus axis in rat duodenum. Ten rats were randomly assigned to control (gastrotomy) and experimental (rumenectomy) groups. After 14 days rats were sacrificed and representative sections were stained with the monoclonal antibody to statin, a non-proliferation-specific protein, by the immunoperoxidase procedure. In the control group, the mean percentages of statin-positive cells in the proximal duodenum, distal duodenum, proximal jejunum, and distal jejunum were 79 +/- 8.5, 79.5 +/- 5.7, 85 +/- 1.4, and 83.5 +/- 0.7, respectively. In the rumenectomy group, statin-positive nuclei were found in the region of the villous apices only, and the corresponding values for the above four areas were 26.2 +/- 4.9, 24.5 +/- 3.5, 31.7 +/- 4.5, and 80.5 +/- 2.1. Except for distal jejunum, the differences in statin expression in the control and experimental groups were significant (p less than 0.001). Rumenectomy leads to the disappearance of statin from the villous column cells of the duodenum and proximal small bowel. The lack of expression of statin in the rumenectomy group documents the potential usefulness of this measure in future studies in neoplasia were understanding of the proliferative status is of crucial importance.
Measuring and utilising the correlation between signal connectivity and signal positioning for FPGAs containing multi-bit building blocks (2006)

As the logic capacity of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) increases, there has been a corresponding increase in the variety of FPGA building blocks. From a mere collection of conventional logic blocks, FPGAs can now include digital signal processors, multipliers, multi-bit addressable memory cells and even processor cores. One of the common characteristics of these new building blocks is their multi-bit design, where each block is designed specifically to process several bits of data at a time. This multi-bit processing paradigm is significantly different from the single-bit processing design of the conventional FPGA logic blocks, as it creates differentiation in signals through its bussed structures. Consequently, the correlation between the positions of the signals in buses and the connectivity of these signals is examined. On the basis of correlation measurements, a multi-bit routing architecture is then proposed along with its routing tool. It is experimentally shown that, compared with the conventional routing architectures, the multi-bit architecture requires 6–12% less area to implement. In particular, it needs 27% fewer routing switches to connect its multi-bit blocks to their routing tracks and 18% less configuration memory to store the configuration information.
Charge-Based Compact Modeling of Capacitances in Staggered Multi-Finger OTFTs (2020)

This journal paper introduces a charge-based approach for the calculation of charges and capacitances in staggered organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Based on an already existing DC model, the charges are yielded in an analytical and compact form. A linear charge partitioning scheme is applied to ascribe charges to the drain/source side of the channel. The final equation is only dependent on geometrical parameters and the charge densities at the drain/source end of the channel. Furthermore, the fringing regions in fabricated devices are taken into account. The compact model is implemented in Verilog-A and the capacitances are compared to Sentaurus TCAD simulation results as well as measurement data. Additionally, simulation results for a differential amplifier are compared to measurements. The advantage of this model is its unique formulation covering all operation regimes.
Characters and Strings (2019)

C++ supports C-style strings—plain C-style character arrays terminated with a null character ('\0', with ASCII code zero). The C Standard Library offers various headers with functions to manipulate such strings. Working directly with C-style strings, however, has serious drawbacks. Analogous to working with plain arrays (compared to working with, say, std::vector), a C-style string doesn’t know its own size, and it is your job to allocate the required memory. It also falls to you to ensure these C-style strings are, and always remain, properly null-terminated. We therefore recommend you do not work directly with C-style strings, and use the container-like abstractions offered by the C++ Standard Library instead.
Radiation tolerant frequency comb fiber laser for space applications (2022)

Advanced radiation tolerant Erbium doped fibers have been developed surviving an accumulated dose of 1 kGy∗. Femtosecond fiber lasers and amplifiers manufactured from such fibers have been packaged and irradiated under active operation to test for accelerated ageing with dose rates up to 10 mGy/s using a Cobalt 60 source. The laser output power degraded by about 11% after exposure of a dose of 1 kGy. Compared to conventional Erbium fiber lasers this represents a significant improvement in radiation tolerance.
Supplementary Materials&Methods and Supplementary Figures 1-6 from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Aggressive Gastric Cancer Phenotypes via Heat Shock Factor 1–Mediated Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This file contains Supplementary Materials and Methods, Supplementary Figure Legends, and 6 Supplementary Figures with their legends&lt;/p&gt;
The Furin Inhibitor Hexa-d-Arginine Blocks the Activation ofPseudomonas aeruginosaExotoxin A In Vivo (2002)

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PEA) protein requires furin-mediated cleavage for manifestation of toxicity. We show here that the small stable furin inhibitor hexa-D-arginine amide effectively blocks PEA-induced cell lysis and is itself noncytotoxic. Administration of hexa-D-arginine to PEA-treated mice significantly improves their survival rate and also decreases circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha.
A di(1-benzothieno)[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole and isoindigo-based electron donating conjugated polymer for efficient organic photovoltaics (2016)

A novel isoindigo-based electron donor polymer (<bold>PDBTPI</bold>) was synthesized for organic photovoltaics, which showed a promising power conversion efficiency of over 7%.
Helional induces Ca2+ decrease and serotonin secretion of QGP-1 cells via a PKG-mediated pathway (2016)

The secretion, motility and transport by intestinal tissues are regulated among others by specialized neuroendocrine cells, the so-called enterochromaffin (EC) cells. These cells detect different luminal stimuli, such as mechanical stimuli, fatty acids, glucose and distinct chemosensory substances. The EC cells react to the changes in their environment through the release of transmitter molecules, most importantly serotonin, to mediate the corresponding physiological response. However, little is known about the molecular targets of the chemical stimuli delivered from consumed food, spices and cosmetics within EC cells. In this study, we evaluated the expression of the olfactory receptor (OR) 2J3 in the human pancreatic EC cell line QGP-1 at the mRNA and protein levels. Using ratiofluorometric Ca(2+) imaging experiments, we demonstrated that the OR2J3-specific agonist helional induces a transient dose-dependent decrease in the intracellular Ca(2+) levels. This Ca(2+) decrease is mediated by protein kinase G (PKG) on the basis that the specific pharmacological inhibition of PKG with Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS abolished the helional-induced Ca(2+) response. Furthermore, stimulation of QGP-1 cells with helional caused a dose-dependent release of serotonin that was comparable with the release induced by the application of a direct PKG activator (8-bromo-cGMP). Taken together, our results demonstrate that luminal odorants can be detected by specific ORs in QGP-1 cells and thus cause the directed release of serotonin and a PKG-dependent decrease in intracellular Ca(2.)
Cytosolic Phospholipase A2-α Is Necessary for Platelet-activating Factor Biosynthesis, Efficient Neutrophil-mediated Bacterial Killing, and the Innate Immune Response to Pulmonary Infection (2004)

The role of a cytosolic phospholipase A(2)-alpha (cPLA(2)-alpha) in neutrophil arachidonic acid release, platelet-activating factor (PAF) biosynthesis, NADPH oxidase activation, and bacterial killing in vitro, and the innate immune response to bacterial infection in vivo was examined. cPLA(2)-alpha activity was blocked with the specific cPLA(2)-alpha inhibitor, Pyrrolidine-1 (human cells), or by cPLA(2) -alpha gene disruption (mice). cPLA(2)-alpha inhibition or gene disruption led to complete suppression of neutrophil arachidonate release and PAF biosynthesis but had no effect on neutrophil NADPH oxidase activation, FcgammaII/III or CD11b surface expression, primary or secondary granule secretion, or phagocytosis of Escherichia coli in vitro. In contrast, cPLA(2)-alpha inhibition or gene disruption diminished neutrophil-mediated E. coli killing in vitro, which was partially rescued by exogenous arachidonic acid or PAF but not leukotriene B(4). Following intratracheal inoculation with live E. coli in vivo, pulmonary PAF biosynthesis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and clearance of E. coli were attenuated in cPLA(2)-alpha(-/-) mice compared with wild type littermates. These studies identify a novel role for cPLA(2)-alpha in the regulation of neutrophil-mediated bacterial killing and the innate immune response to bacterial infection.
Identification of IL7RA Risk Alleles for Rapid Progression During HIV-1 Infection: A Comprehensive Study in the GRIV Cohort (2012)

Interleukin 7 (IL7) is a critical factor for lymphocyte homeostasis. A dysfunction of the IL7/IL7R pathway has previously been described in HIV-1 infection, and promising results were observed in recent analyses of IL7 for therapeutic use in HIV infected individuals. However, further investigations are still warranted to understand the possible roles of this cytokine. Here, we explored whether the IL7 and IL7RA genetic polymorphisms were associated with the progression of HIV infection. We extensively genotyped the IL7 and IL7RA genes in the GRIV (Genomics of Resistance to Immunodeficiency Virus) cohort, composed of patients with extreme progression profiles - long-term non (LTNP) and rapid (RP) progressors--, and in a healthy control group (CTR). Statistical case-control analyses were performed using the Fisher's exact test, comparing either LTNP vs CTR or RP vs CTR. Three IL7RA SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms--rs7701176, rs987106 and rs10491434), but no IL7 SNPs, were significantly associated with rapid disease progression (P < 0.01). In a multi-marker analysis focusing on functional variants, a strong association between an IL7RA haplotype and rapid progression was observed (P = 5.59 x 10(-3)). In summary, our comprehensive genetic study revealed three SNPs and a risk of haplotype associated with rapid progression to AIDS in the IL7RA gene. Interestingly, the haplotype is composed of SNPs previously identified in other inflammatory diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis) by GWAS and by functional studies. Our results contribute to the growing understanding of the role of IL7/IL7R in HIV disease progression, and more widely, in CD4+ T cell homeostasis.
A framework for the analysis of phantom data in multicenter diffusion tensor imaging studies (2012)

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is commonly used for studies of the human brain due to its inherent sensitivity to the microstructural architecture of white matter. To increase sampling diversity, it is often desirable to perform multicenter studies. However, it is likely that the variability of acquired data will be greater in multicenter studies than in single-center studies due to the added confound of differences between sites. Therefore, careful characterization of the contributions to variance in a multicenter study is extremely important for meaningful pooling of data from multiple sites. We propose a two-step analysis framework for first identifying outlier datasets, followed by a parametric variance analysis for identification of intersite and intrasite contributions to total variance. This framework is then applied to phantom data from the NIH MRI study of normal brain development (PedsMRI). Our results suggest that initial outlier identification is extremely important for accurate assessment of intersite and intrasite variability, as well as for early identification of problems with data acquisition. We recommend the use of the presented framework at frequent intervals during the data acquisition phase of multicenter DTI studies, which will allow investigators to identify and solve problems as they occur.
Optimal Repeaters for Sub-50nm Interconnect Networks (2006)

Power consumed by interconnect repeaters is a serious concern for future ICs. Ways to tackle this issue such as unique optimization of repeater and logic transistor technologies, improved repeater insertion methods and 3D integration are discussed. These techniques reduce total power of a 22 nm 1.4 GHz low power combinational logic block by 55% with negligible performance and area overheads
Pyrolysis End-Doping to Optimize Transport Properties of Carbon Molecular Sieve Hollow Fiber Membranes (2020)

In this article, we present a facile approach, pyrolysis end-doping (PED), to finely tune pore structures to optimize separation properties of polyimide-derived asymmetric carbon molecular sieve (CMS) hollow fiber membranes. The PED approach creates CMS fibers with excellent transport properties using argon with 10 ppm oxygen for 1 min at the end of a conventional high-temperature pyrolysis process. The tuning capability is demonstrated for a membrane with a thin selective skin layer of about 1 μm thickness for already highly permeable 6FDA-DETDA:DABE polyimide-derived CMS membranes to improve the CO2/CH4 permselectivity. In the PED process, trace oxygen reacts primarily with the skin layer and underlying support transition layer of ultramicropores and micropores to achieve overall membrane separation property improvements for natural gas purification. The PED is a simple one-step process that is easier to implement than a previously published dual temperature secondary oxygen doping (DTSOD) process. The PED approach, therefore, adds a valuable and scalable new tool, ideally suited for fine-tuning of membrane properties.
Synthesis of Porous Polymeric Supports with PolyHIPE Structures Based on Styrene‐Divinylbenzene Copolymers (2020)

Abstract High internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) can be applied as templates for synthesis of porous polymers, which can be used in several industrial areas as catalyst supports and column fillers. For this reason, the present work evaluated the use of HIPEs for synthesis of porous poly(styrene‐ co ‐divinylbenzene) (P[S‐ co‐ DVB]) particles through suspension polymerizations. Firstly, the effects of HIPE preparation conditions (surfactant concentration, stirring speed and the duration of the stirring step) on the properties of the obtained particles are investigated. As observed experimentally, the increase of the stirring speed, of the duration of the stirring step and of the surfactant concentration led to reduction of primary cavity dimensions and to higher number of interconnecting pores. Then, the effects of reaction parameters (DVB content, presence of a porogenic agent and the holdup of the organic phase) on the properties of obtained particles are also evaluated. It is observed that the addition of heptane as porogenic agent and the increase of the organic holdup led to increase of the specific area and porosity of the produced spherical polyHIPEs beads, which can exhibit specific area of 33 m².g −1 , specific volume of pores of 0.25 cm³.g −1 and large pore diameters (ranging from 100–1100 Å). Thus, it is shown that the proposed technique can be used for manufacturing of new supports for enzyme immobilization.
Ly6C expression differentiates plasma cells from other B cell subsets in mice (2002)

Plasma cell differentiation is induced in vitro by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation but can be blocked by including anti-CD40 antibodies. Using subtractive cDNA hybridization we have identified the cell surface protein Ly6C as differentially expressed on B cells stimulated with LPS only. Ly6C has been shown to be expressed on certain T cell subsets and on subsets of macrophages and NK cells, but not on resting B cells. We show that Ly6C is up-regulated upon LPS stimulation of B cells in vitro and that this up-regulation is blocked by anti-CD40 or anti-Ig antibodies. Furthermore, ELISPOT analysis of cells sorted by magnetic-activated cell sorting show that Ly6C is expressed on ex vivo plasma cells from the spleen and bone marrow. Flow cytometric analysis showed that Ly6C is expressed on splenic plasma cells as well as on lamina propria plasma cells. Finally, Ly6C cross-linking positively up-regulated the amount of immunoglobulin produced by LPS-stimulated splenic B cells in vitro.