gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Medullary thyroid cancer: how tumor markers and genetics determine preventive measures]. (2003)

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) arises from parafollicular C cells secreting calcitonin. MTC occurs both as sporadic tumors and as part of specific inherited autosomal dominant syndromes in which point mutations within a discrete set of RET codons were described. Total thyroidectomy and aggressive neck dissection represents the only chance for cure in the affected patients. Therefore, all patients with thyroid nodular disease should undergo measurement of calcitonin plasma levels to allow preclinical diagnosis of the disease and early appropriate surgery ("secondary prevention"). In case of proband patient for inherited disease, all the family members should be genetically screened to detect the disease gene carriers. Patients with germline mutation would benefit either from earlier surgery at the stage of C-cell hyperplasia or microcarcinoma or prophylactic surgery (total thyroidectomy without neck dissection) (primary prevention) before the onset of any C-cells pathology. The ideal age for performance of such prophylactic surgery is determined by the genotypic features of the disease.
Holography in the extreme ultraviolet region: A new fabrication technique for high resolution Fresnel zone plates (2009)

Fresnel Zone Plates (FZPs) are essential components for high resolution x-ray microscopy. An FZP is a diffractive lens that focuses an incident light beam to a small focal spot whose width is related to the smallest feature of the FZP pattern. In this work, we present two different holographic techniques for fabrication of FZPs using extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light (λ = 13.5 nm). The first of the two techniques involves recording the interference pattern of two spherical beams generated by two parent zone plates when illuminated with coherent EUV radiation. In the second approach, a frequency-doubled self-image of the zone plate structure is recorded. In both cases the recorded FZP pattern has half the size of the corresponding features of the parent FZP. The smallest line-width recorded so far by the techniques is below 30 nm. Photon based EUV lithography offers potential for high resolution pattern fabrication and high throughput. The technique also uses the polychromatic nature of the radiation, enabling the use of broad band sources.
Gelation, Phase Separation, and Fibril Formation in Aqueous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose Solutions (2018)

The thermoresponsive behavior of a hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) sample in aqueous solutions has been studied by a powerful combination of characterization tools, including rheology, turbidimetry, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM), light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Consistent with prior literature, solutions with concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 3 wt % exhibit a sharp drop in the dynamic viscoelastic moduli G' and G″ upon heating near 57 °C. The drop in moduli is accompanied by an abrupt increase in turbidity. All the evidence is consistent with this corresponding to liquid-liquid phase separation, leading to polymer-rich droplets in a polymer-depleted matrix. Upon further heating, the moduli increase, and G' exceeds G″, corresponding to gelation. CryoTEM in dilute solutions reveals that HPMC forms fibrils at the same temperature range where the moduli increase. SANS and SAXS confirm the appearance of fibrils over a range of concentration, and that their average diameter is ca. 18 nm; thus gelation is attributable to formation of a sample-spanning network of fibrils. These results are compared in detail with the closely related and well-studied methylcellulose (MC). The HPMC fibrils are generally shorter, more flexible, and contain more water than with MC, and the resulting gel at high temperatures has a much lower modulus. In addition to the differences in fibril structure, the key distinction between HPMC and MC is that the former undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation prior to forming fibrils and associated gelation, whereas the latter forms fibrils first. These results and their interpretation are compared with the prior literature, in light of the relatively recent discovery of the propensity of MC and HPMC to self-assemble into fibrils on heating.
Vacancy generation resulting from electrical deactivation of arsenic (1995)

Electrical deactivation of arsenic in highly doped silicon has been studied using the positron-beam technique. Direct experimental evidence linking the formation of arsenic-vacancy complexes (i.e., Asn-v) to the deactivation process is reported. The average number of arsenic atoms per complex, n̄≳2, was determined by comparing the observed complex concentrations with those of the deactivated arsenic inferred from Hall-effect measurements.
Evaluating RAID in the real world (2021)

High energy nuclear physics experiments at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (''Jefferson Lab'') will have a data collection rate of 10 MB/second, generating 1 Terabyte (TB) of raw data per day of accelerator running, and a similar amount after processing. The requirement for on-line disk storage for raw and reduced data sets will exceed 1 TB during 1998. This paper discusses the on-line storage strategy that provides both high performance as well as high capacity, and focuses on the in-house evaluation of RAID (Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks) systems to fulfill the needs of both data acquisition and analysis.
Process improvement and comparability analysis for engineered T cell manufacture (2014)

Meeting abstracts Engineered T cell therapy (ECT) for oncology has met significant clinical proof of success for chemotherapy resistant B cell malignancies in multiple studies. These data have underscored the transformative potential of ECT in advanced oncology. Adaptimmune specializes in the
Phenylthiocopper(I) (2001)

[1192-40-1] C6H5CuS (MW 172.71) InChI = 1S/C6H6S.Cu/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6;/h1-5,7H;/q;+1/p-1 InChIKey = PNNJYDODNCALKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M (source of nucleophilic phenyl sulfide for preparation of lithium alkyl(phenylthio)cuprates and organophosphinecopper(I) phenylthiolate complexes) Physical Data: mp 280 °C (dec). Solubility: sol cold THF. Form Supplied in: yellow solid; widely available. Preparative Methods: one method is to treat Thiophenol with Copper(I) Oxide in ethanol at reflux to give phenylthiocopper as a yellow suspension (eq 1).1-3 (1) Alternatively, lithiation of thiophenol and quenching with Copper(I) Iodide affords a yellow solution, which is typically reacted in situ with organometallic reagents.4 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: use in a fume hood (stench).
Measurement of radial artery spasm using an automatic pullback device (2001)

Current evaluation of radial artery spasm (RAS), a frequent finding during the transradial approach for coronary angiography and angioplasty (TRA), is subjective. A quantitative measure of RAS will help in evaluation and comparison of management strategies. The objectives of the study were to assess the feasibility and safety of using an automatic pullback device (APD) for removal of transradial introducer sheaths and to establish a parameter to quantify RAS. In 50 consecutive transradial procedures, the APD was used to measure the force required for sheath removal. The mean maximal pullback force (MPF) was 0.53 +/- 0.52 kg (range, 0.1-3.0 kg). In 48 (96%) cases, the MPF was reached within the first 5 sec of pullback. All patients with clinical RAS (n = 4) had an MPF greater than 1.0 kg, while the remaining had an MPF less than 1.0 kg. All patients with severe pain during sheath removal (n = 3) had an MPF greater than 1.0 kg, while no patient with an MPF less than 1.0 kg had severe pain. It is feasible and safe to remove transradial introducer sheaths using the APD. The MPF is achieved within the first 5 sec of pullback and is a reliable parameter to quantify RAS. An MPF more than 1.0 kg correlates with clinical RAS and is associated with severe pain during sheath removal.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Activity Relationships Study of Pyripyropenes: Reversal of Cancer Cell Multidrug Resistance. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Single phase bi-directional AC-DC converter with reduced passive components size and common mode electro-magnetic interference (2023)

A bidirectional AC-DC converter is presented with reduced passive component size and common mode electro-magnetic interference. The converter includes an improved input stage formed by two coupled differential inductors, two coupled common and differential inductors, one differential capacitor and two common mode capacitors. With this input structure, the volume, weight and cost of the input stage can be reduced greatly. Additionally, the input current ripple and common mode electro-magnetic interference can be greatly attenuated, so lower switching frequency can be adopted to achieve higher efficiency.
Clustered Adaptation for Estimation of Time-Varying Underwater Acoustic Channels (2012)

In this paper, we present a sparse channel estimator that exploits channel coherence across blocks for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in underwater acoustic (UWA) transmissions. We propose a novel channel variation model that the channel paths within a cluster share the same amplitude, delay, and Doppler scale variations from one block to the next, but different clusters vary independently. The variation offsets for different clusters are estimated based on the measurements on the pilot subcarriers of the current block. A hybrid channel estimator is developed that can effectively utilize both the channel knowledge from the previous block and the pilot observations of the current block. Performance results based on collected data from two experiments demonstrate that adaptation with multiple clusters outperforms that with one cluster, and that the proposed cluster-adaptation based channel estimator significantly improves the system performance relative to the pilot-based counterpart.
Inhibition of Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm formation on a methacrylate polymer containing a 2-aminoimidazole subunit (2011)

A polymeric composite containing a 2-aminoimidazole derivative was synthesized. It was found that this polymer was resistant to biofilm colonization by Acinetobacter baumannii, no leaching of the 2-aminoimidazole derivative was observed after 2 weeks of treatment with deionized water, and the resulting polymer was not hemolytic.
High efficiency, long lifetime phosphorescent OLEDs (2003)

The latest developments from long lived high efficiency phosphorescent OLEDs are presented. This data includes red (0,65, 0.34) devices with record peak efficiencies of 12.1cd/A and lifetimes (L/sub o/ = 300) of >15,000hrs.
Toward Predicting Nanoparticle Distribution in Heterogeneous Tumor Tissues (2023)

Nanobio interaction studies have generated a significant amount of data. An important next step is to organize the data and design computational techniques to analyze the nanobio interactions. Here we developed a computational technique to correlate the nanoparticle spatial distribution within heterogeneous solid tumors. This approach led to greater than 88% predictive accuracy of nanoparticle location within a tumor tissue. This proof-of-concept study shows that tumor heterogeneity might be defined computationally by the patterns of biological structures within the tissue, enabling the identification of tumor patterns for nanoparticle accumulation.
Fabrication of Silicon Nitride-Based Nano/Nano-Composite (2011)

Silicon nitride/boron nitride nano/nano-composites were prepared by high energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering. The milling promoted the amorphization of starting powders with the presence of many homogeneous distributed nanocrystalline â-Si3N4 particles; most of the BN particles were transformed into nano-size and embedded in the amorphous phase. This, combined with low sintering temperature and rapid densification rate, leads to a uniform nano/nano composite microstructure. The nano-sized BN grains with an average diameter of about 10 nm were homogeneously dispersed in nano-sized (about 70 nm) Si3N4 grain boundaries. The obtained nano/nano composite shows high hardness, high strength, high superplasticity, good heat/corrosion resistance and good tribological properties.
Capturing Task-Evoked Functional Brain Connectivity Using Combined NIRS/EEG (2012)

To capture the dynamics of brain interactions subjects were exposed to an auditory and a visual task while their EEG/NIRS data were simultaneously being collected. Data analysis highlighted connectivity between multiple parts of the brain.
Efficiency Analysis of Concurrently Driven Power Amplifiers (2020)

In this work, the properties of a two-tone signal driven concurrent power amplifier (CPA) are analyzed extensively. Firstly, the characteristics of two-tone signals are discussed to explain the nonlinearity and efficiency of two-tone signal driven CPA. Secondly, a method of how to solve the efficiency of a two-tone signal driven CPA is proposed in this paper with a detailed calculation procedure and complete theory. Finally, a general empirical expression to calculate the drain efficiency (DE) of CPA versus the frequency ratio and the amplitude ratio of the two carriers is proposed. Simulation results and experimental verifications are given to validate the proposed analytical formulation to predict the efficiency of CPAs when driven with balanced or imbalanced two-tone signals.
Inhibition of solid tumor growth by gene transfer of VEGF receptor‐1 mutants (2004)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the high-affinity VEGF receptor Flk-1/KDR (VEGFR-2) are key regulators of tumor angiogenesis. Strategies to block VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling were successfully used to inhibit experimental tumor growth and indicated that VEGFR-2 is the main signaling VEGF receptor in proliferating tumor endothelium. Here, we investigated the role of the VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1/Flt-1) in the vascularization of 2 different experimental tumors in vivo. VEGFR-1 mutants were generated that lack the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer of the VEGFR-1 mutants led to a strong reduction of tumor growth and angiogenesis in xenografted C6 glioma and in syngeneic BFS-1 fibrosarcoma. Histological analysis of the inhibited fibrosarcoma revealed reduced vascular density, decreased tumor cell proliferation as well as increased tumor cell apoptosis and the formation of necrosis. The retroviral gene transfer of the full length VEGFR-1 also caused a significant reduction of tumor growth in both models. The inhibitory effects of the VEGFR-1 mutants and the full length VEGFR-1 in BFS-1 fibrosarcoma were mediated through host tumor endothelial cells because the BFS-1 fibrosarcoma cells were not infected by the retrovirus. The formation of heterodimers between VEGFR-2 and full length or truncated VEGFR-1 was observed in vitro and might contribute to the growth inhibitory effect by modulating distinct signal transduction pathways. The results of our study underline the central role of the VEGF/VEGFR-1 signaling system in tumor angiogenesis and demonstrate that VEGFR-1 can serve as a target for anti-angiogenic gene therapy.
Mycobacterial infection-induced miR-206 inhibits protective neutrophil recruitment via the CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling axis (2021)

Pathogenic mycobacteria actively dysregulate protective host immune signalling pathways during infection to drive the formation of permissive granuloma microenvironments. Dynamic regulation of host microRNA (miRNA) expression is a conserved feature of mycobacterial infections across host-pathogen pairings. Here we examine the role of miR-206 in the zebrafish model of Mycobacterium marinum infection, which allows investigation of the early stages of granuloma formation. We find miR-206 is upregulated following infection by pathogenic M. marinum and that antagomir-mediated knockdown of miR-206 is protective against infection. We observed striking upregulation of cxcl12a and cxcr4b in infected miR-206 knockdown zebrafish embryos and live imaging revealed enhanced recruitment of neutrophils to sites of infection. We used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of cxcl12a and cxcr4b expression and AMD3100 inhibition of Cxcr4 to show that the enhanced neutrophil response and reduced bacterial burden caused by miR-206 knockdown was dependent on the Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signalling axis. Together, our data illustrate a pathway through which pathogenic mycobacteria induce host miR-206 expression to suppress Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signalling and prevent protective neutrophil recruitment to granulomas.
Self-trapped states in proteins? (2003)

We show here that the temperature dependence of the amide I band of myoglobin shows evidence for a low-lying self-trapped state at 6.15 {micro}m. We have conducted a careful set of picosecond pump-probe experiments providing results as a function of temperature and wavelength and show that this low-lying state has a 30 ps lifetime at 50 K, much longer than the relaxation time of the main amide I band at 50 K. Fits of the temperature dependence of thermal occupation of this state yield the result that it lies 280 K below the main amide I band. Since the gap energy of this state is approximately equal to room temperature, this self-trapped state can act as a transient store of vibrational energy at physiological temperatures in biomolecules and can help to direct the path of energy flow in a biomolecule under biological conditions.
Frequency stability of a 10 GHz optical frequency comb from a semiconductor-based mode-locked laser with an intracavity 10,000 finesse etalon (2013)

An optical frequency comb is constructed using a semiconductor gain medium with a fiber-coupled external cavity and stabilized to an intracavity 10,000 finesse etalon, which is temperature stabilized and held in a vacuum chamber at 10(-6) Torr. Optical frequency stability measurements show that the comb has a reduced sensitivity to environmental fluctuations. An upper limit on the optical frequency variation of 100 kHz over >12 min of continuous operation is measured using a real-time spectrum analyzer. This measurement is limited by the linewidth of the reference source, and further measurements with a frequency counter show a fractional deviation of 2×10(-11) at 50 ms. Furthermore, out-of-band ASE rejection is shown to be >36 dB, a tenfold improvement over that of a laser with a 1000 finesse FPE.
A microdeletion of PRKARIA associated with Carney complex (2016)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Antigenic Properties of Experimental Leukemias. I. Serological Studies <italic>In Vitro</italic> With Spontaneous and Radiation-Induced Leuke-mias<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1963)

Antisera prepared in C57BL/6 mice against several spontaneous or radiation-induced leukemias of strain A, or against a radiation-induced (C57BL/6 × A)F1 leukemia, were cytotoxic in vitro for the cells of 14 radiation-induced C57BL/6 leukemias and 1 C57BL/6 leukemia induced by urethan. These antisera were not cytotoxic for any of the normal C57BL/6 tissues studied. Specific cytotoxic activity was removed by absorption with those C57BL/6 leukemias that are sensitive in the cytotoxic test, but not by normal C57BL/6 tissue. Cytotoxic activity was removed by absorption with normal thymus of strains A, (C57BL/6 × A)F1, and C58, but not with normal thymus of several other strains, including C57-BL/6. Normal strain A tissues, other than thymus, did not absorb specific cytotoxic activity. These serological data indicate the presence of a common antigenic component in certain C57-BL/6 leukemias and in the normal thymus and leukemias of strains A and C58 origin. In conformity with presence of the antigen in the thymus of normal strain A mice, cytotoxic activity against strain A leukemias was not demonstrable in the sera of strain Amice immunized against cross-reacting C57-BL/6 leukemias.
Nonlinear Laser-Dielectric Optical Media Interaction Modeling and Characterization (2021)

Intense laser interactions in condensed optical media are under study at NRL for several Navy applications, including remote undersea laser acoustic generation and advanced micromachining. We have developed models and simulation codes for nonlinear propagation and interactions in water. Our modeling includes the effects of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), optical Kerr effect, parametric four-wave mixing (FWM) and nonlinear coupling involving pump, Stokes and anti-Stokes waves, multiphoton and collisional ionization, plasma refraction, diffraction and dispersion. 1 , 2 Our models are incorporated into the SNOPROP 2D axisymmetric nonlinear propagation and interaction simulation code (open-source, in Python). 3 , 4 Our modeling simulations showed good agreement with recent nonlinear propagation experiments. 1 Both our model and code can be used for a variety of condensed dielectric optical media.
QoS Considerations for Full Duplex Multiuser MIMO Systems (2015)

We consider a full-duplex (FD) multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system where the base-station (BS) serves multiple uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) users simultaneously. We address the quality-of-service (QoS) problem in which the transmitted sum-power at the BS and UL users is minimized subject to minimum rate constraints at each user of the system. We first propose a centralized solution based on sequential convex programming (SCP), and then propose a distributed solution by using interference prices exchanged among the nodes to represent the cost of received interference. The proposed designs are evaluated via numerical simulations.
A unified synthetic strategy to introduce heteroatoms via electrochemical functionalization of alkyl organoboron reagents (2021)

Based on systematic electrochemical analyses, an integrated synthetic platform of C(sp3)-based organoboron compounds was established for the introduction of heteroatoms. The electrochemically mediated bond-forming strategy was shown to be highly effective for the functionalization of sp3-hybridized carbon atoms with significant steric hindrance. Moreover, virtually all the nonmetallic heteroatoms could be utilized as reaction partners using one unified protocol. The observed reactivity stems from the two consecutive single-electron oxidations of the substrate, which eventually generates an extremely reactive carbocation as the key intermediate. The detailed reaction profile could be elucidated through multifaceted electrochemical studies and the examination of the reaction kinetics. Ultimately, a new dimension in the activation strategies for organoboron compounds was accomplished through the electrochemically driven reaction development.
Grid Converter Structures for Wind Turbine Systems (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction WTS Power Configurations Grid Power Converter Topologies WTS Control Summary References
High‐performance MgO thin films for PDPs with a high‐rate sputtering‐deposition process (2008)

Abstract— A high‐rate sputtering‐deposition process for MgO thin films for PDP fabrication was recently developed. The deposition rate of the MgO thin film was about 300 nm/min which shows the possibility of production‐line application. The MgO film deposited in this work has a higher density than that of other deposition processes such as electron‐beam deposition and shows good discharge characteristics including firing voltage and discharge formation. These were achieved by controlling the stoichiometry and/or the impurity doping during the sputtering process.