gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Complexity Metric for Joint MLD in Overloaded MIMO System (2016)

This paper presents a low complexity metric for joint maximum-likelihood detection (MLD) in overloaded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In overloaded MIMO systems, a nonlinear detection scheme such as MLD combined with error correction coding achieves better performance than is possible with a single signal stream with higher order modulation. However, MLD incurs high computation complexity because of the multiplications in the selection of candidate signal points. Thus, a Manhattan metric has been used to reduce the complexity. Nevertheless, it is not accurate and causes performance degradation in overloaded MIMO systems. Thus, this paper proposes a new metric whose calculations involve only summations and bit shifts. New numerical results obtained through computer simulation show that the proposed metric improves bit error rate (BER) performance by more than 0.2dB at the BER of 10-4 in comparison with a Manhattan metric.
Direct Evidence for Synchronicity between Rotation along C α −C′ and Pyramidalization of C′ in Amides (2023)

Abstract In amides, the presence of sinusoidal synchronicity between rotational motion along C α −C′ σ‐bond (τ rotation) and the concomitant pyramidalization of C′ (θ) is evidenced for the first time in solution. Temperature‐dependent 1 H NMR and DFT simulations on suitable amide models (iBu i− −Pro i −Xaa i+1 −OMe; iBu is isobutyryl) reveal the perturbation in synchronicity when τ‐rotation is ‘locked’ with interactions, resulting in a strain on the amide bond, which influences a decrease in energy barrier for the amide bond cis/trans isomerism by ∼1.68 kcal/mol.
Ultrawideband Design Challenges for Wireless Chip-to-Chip Communications and Interconnects (2006)

The ever growing demand for on-board space craft processing combined with the exponential advance in chip development and high pin count devices is resulting in an increased complexity in high reliability interconnect technology. When the thermal management, control of ground bounce, and power distribution issues are considered, achieving the required reliability levels for space applications with traditional interconnect technologies is becoming more of a concern. As an alternative solution, an ultrawideband (UWB) based high speed wireless method for chip to chip as well as off-board communications can be considered. Such approach would reduce the high pin count connectors and interconnects between complex components. UWB with its simple transceiver architecture, low power consumption, and high data rate within short ranges is shown to be the best candidate for the applications targeted. This paper explores the design challenges for developing a test-bed using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components that will be used to prove the concept of wireless chip-to-chip communications and develop associated algorithms. Energy detector based UWB transceiver is presented in this paper and our study shows the feasibility of implementation such transceiver using COTS components. The UWB transceivers will eventually be integrated into a chip eliminating the need for many of the high speed interface specific applications, and decreasing the number of the pin fields required
Optical vector signal generation using double sideband with carrier suppression and frequency multiplication (2008)

This work experimentally demonstrates optical vector signal generation using frequency multiplication based on double sideband with carrier suppression. After transmission over 50-km SMF, the power penalty of 15-GHz 1.25-Gb/s RF signals is less than 0.2-dB.
Role of adult stem/progenitor cells in osseointegration and implant loosening. (2011)

The long-term stability of prosthetic implants is ultimately a function of the integrity of the biologic interaction between the resident tissues and cells and the biomaterial. Connective tissues of the skeleton undergo constant remodeling and turnover, and the interface with the implant biomaterial is therefore a dynamic structure that results from ongoing differentiation of progenitor cells into functional cellular phenotypes. An understanding of the regulation of the mechanisms by which progenitor cells initiate and maintain their interactions with the biomaterial surface while undergoing the necessary differentiation processes is thus essential to optimizing the long-term stability of prosthetic implants. This review presents evidence that the interactions between adult mesenchymal stem cells, as the principal progenitor cell type of skeletal connective tissues, and the biomaterial surfaces are influenced by surface chemistry and topography and regulated by the extracellular matrix and growth factors. Mesenchymal stem cells are also the targets of the wear debris particles that are a by-product of implant biomaterials, resulting in direct and microenvironmental effects, including apoptosis, suppression of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, that compromise the long-term stability of the bone-implant interface. These effects are initiated by endocytosis of the submicron particles by the mesenchymal stem cells. These observations strongly suggest that optimization of the stability of implant osseointegration must address factors that enhance and promote the biologic activities of the stem/progenitor cells of skeletal connective tissues.
Heterogeneous Electron Transfer and Oxygen Reduction Reaction at Nanostructured Iron(II) Phthalocyanine and Its MWCNTs Nanocomposites (2010)

Abstract Electron transfer and oxygen reduction dynamics at nanostructured iron(II) phthalocyanine/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes composite supported on an edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (EPPGE‐MWCNT‐nanoFePc) platform have been reported. All the electrodes showed the category 3 diffusional behaviour according to the Davies–Compton theoretical framework. Both MWCNTs and MWCNT‐nanoFePc showed huge current responses compared to the other electrodes, suggesting the redox processes of trapped redox species within the porous layers of MWCNTs. Electron transfer process is much easier at the EPPGE‐MWCNT and EPPGE‐MWCNT‐nanoFePc compared to the other electrodes. The best response for oxygen reduction reaction was at the EPPGE‐MWCNT‐nanoFePc, yielding a 4‐electron process.
The NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor OLT1177® Ameliorates Experimental Allergic Asthma in Mice (2022)

Abstract Background The symptoms of asthma arise on the basis of a chronic inflammation of the airways. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a central role in regulating inflammation e.g. by activating interleukin (IL) 1 cytokines, which in turn promote allergic inflammation. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the specific NLRP3 inhibitor OLT1177® on experimental allergic asthma (EAA) in mice. Methods The impact of OLT1177® on NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1β release were assessed in vivo and in allergen-restimulated mononuclear cells (MNC) from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. The effect of intra-peritoneal OLT1177®-treatment on OVA- and house dust mite (HDM) EAA and on poly(I:C)-triggered exacerbation of EAA were assessed. Furthermore, the effect of oropharyngeal aspiration of OLT1177® and oral OLT1177® via an enriched diet were also evaluated in mice with OVA-induced EAA. Results OLT1177® reduced NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 activation, and levels of activated IL-1β in vitro and in mice with OVA-induced EAA. Intra-peritoneal treatment with OLT1177® significantly diminished allergic airway inflammation, mucus hyperproduction, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in mice with OVA- and HDM-induced EAA as well as in mice with poly(I:C)-triggered exacerbation of EAA. While oropharyngeal aspiration of OLT1177® had no effect on EAA, oral OLT1177® via feeding an enriched diet markedly reduced all pathophysiologic hallmarks of EAA in mice. Conclusion Intra-peritoneal and oral delivery of OLT1177® is effective to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo and to treat EAA in mice. This study was mainly supported by the German Center for Lung Research (DZL). The study was also supported by Olatec Therapeutics LLC and the Interleukin Foundation.
Measurement setup to evaluate haptic interaction in catheterization procedures for training purposes (2017)

Recanalization of chronic total occlusions (CTO) of coronary vessels is a catheter intervention with proven benefit for the patient. However, it incorporates a risk of penetrating the vessel as well as increasing patients exposure to radiation and contrast agent. The physicians expertise is a key to successful interventions. In this work, we present a system to assess haptic interaction of medical professionals in an CTO intervention. As a test scenario, a silicone model with comparable mechanic properties of a CTO, including fibrous caps and microchannels is used. A special guide wire with a diameter of 360 μιη and an integrated force sensor at the tip can measure intracorporal forces. Additionally, a torquer with an integrated single-axis force sensor is used to measure the forces executed by the cardiologist during the procedure. The guide wire motion is measured by two encoders (translational and rotatory) in order to assess motion-based quality criteria. A camera setup with software filtering is used to obtain an x-raylike image of the training scenario. Applied x-ray and contrast agent doses can be measured as well. The setup is intended to develop new training schemes based on interactions exerted by experts.
Comparison of single-mode connector back-reflection performance from a multivendor sample (1992)

The increasing industry requirements for reduced back-reflection (also called return loss) from fiber optic connectors has required the connectorization and cable assembly manufacturers to develop advanced end finishes for singlemode connectors. Since most telecommunications systems use components from a variety of manufactures, the intermateability of the connectors from different vendors is a major concern. This paper presents the results of a study to measure this intermateability for singlemode FC style connectors
Enhanced response and sensitivity of self-corrugated graphene sensors with anisotropic charge distribution (2015)

We introduce a high-performance molecular sensor using self-corrugated chemically modified graphene as a three dimensional (3D) structure that indicates anisotropic charge distribution. This is capable of room-temperature operation, and, in particular, exhibiting high sensitivity and reversible fast response with equilibrium region. The morphology consists of periodic, "cratered" arrays that can be formed by condensation and evaporation of graphene oxide (GO) solution on interdigitated electrodes. Subsequent hydrazine reduction, the corrugated edge area of the graphene layers have a high electric potential compared with flat graphene films. This local accumulation of electrons interacts with a large number of gas molecules. The sensitivity of 3D-graphene sensors significantly increases in the atmosphere of NO2 gas. The intriguing structures have several advantages for straightforward fabrication on patterned substrates, high-performance graphene sensors without post-annealing process.
Superdirective Beamforming Based on the Krylov Matrix (2016)

Superdirective beamforming has attracted a significant amount of research interest in speech and audio applications, since it can maximize the directivity factor (DF) given an array geometry and, therefore, is efficient in dealing with signal acquisition in diffuse-like noise environments. However, this beamformer is very sensitive to sensor self-noise and mismatch among sensors, which considerably restricts its use in practical systems. This paper develops an approach to superdirective beamforming based on the Krylov matrix. We show that the columns of a proposed Krylov matrix, which span a chosen dimension of the whole space, are interesting beamformers; consequently, all different linear combinations of those columns lead to beamformers that have good properties. In particular, we develop the Krylov maximum white noise gain and Krylov maximum DF beamformers, which are obtained by maximizing the WNG and the DF, respectively. By properly choosing the dimension of the Krylov subspace, the developed beamformers that can make a compromise between reasonable values of the DF and white noise amplification. We also extend the basic idea to the design of the Krylov maximum front-to-back ratio, parametric superdirective, and parametric supercardioid beamformers.
Reliability of Different Image Analysis Methods for Scanning Laser Doppler Flowmetry (2008)

The AFFPIA full-field method is highly reliable and superior to the default HRF software.
Single-ended distributed temperature or strain sensor based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (2009)

We propose a single-ended distributed temperature or strain sensor based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a polarization-maintaining (PM) optical fiber. Pump and probe waves with orthogonal polarization states enter one fiber end and generate SBS assisted by a polarization beam splitter and a PM isolator at the other fiber end. Unlike the previously-reported method, neither an optical filter nor a sophisticated beat-lock-in detection is necessary. Single-ended distributed sensing of temperature or strain is experimentally demonstrated with the measurement range and the spatial resolution of 200 m/16 cm, 56 m/5 cm, or 5.6 m/5 mm, respectively.
Photochemical ozone formation in cyclohexene-nitrogen dioxide-air mixtures (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical ozone formation in cyclohexene-nitrogen dioxide-air mixturesChi-Hung Shen, George S. Springer, and Donald H. StedmanCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1977, 11, 2, 151–158Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60125a007https://doi.org/10.1021/es60125a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
External Additives for Toners: Treatment with Functional Silanes for Active Triboelectrostatic Charge Control (2009)

Treated fine particles of metal oxides such as silica, titania, and alumina are commonly used in toner formulations to help to achieve the necessary level of toner free flow and trboelectrostatic charging. In most cases such particles are treated with hydrophobicity imparting agents such as alkylsilanes or silicone oils and their charging characteristics reflect the acidity of the base oxide and quality of the hydrophobic treatment. So far little has been reported on the effect of different chemical functional groups on charging characteristics of treated metal oxides.This paper describes the treatment and characterization of fine particles of aforementioned oxides with two types of functional silanes containing nitro groups and fluorine atoms. Results of triboelectrostatic charge measurements demonstrate that both treatments significantly enhance negative charge and, in certain cases, greatly reduce tribocharge humidity sensitivity. Observed charge enhancement parallels the amount of functional silane present on the surface. Possible reasons for such behavior are discussed from the point of view of ion-transfer model of contact electrification and in conjunction with the available characterization data.Using external additives modified with nitro and fluorine containing functional groups may allow formulators to reduce the number of formulation components and provide extra flexibility to achieve the target performance.
Evidence for a structural mutation of procollagen type I in a patient with the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII. (1980)

We have found that the collagen from a patient with the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII contained a polypeptide chain, pN alpha 2, not present in collagen prepared from normal tissue. Fibroblasts cultured from the patient's skin produced type I procollagen in which the NH2-terminal propeptide of pro alpha 2 was cleaved to about half of normal values by chick procollagen neutral protease which removes the NH2-terminal propeptides from procollagen (N-protease). The NH2-terminal propeptide on the pro alpha 2 chain of the patient's procollagen was also more resistant than procollagen from control fibroblasts to digestion by pepsin or alpha-chymotrypsin. assays for procollagen N-protease indicated that the patient's fibroblsts contained about the same level of enzymic activity as normal fibroblasts. These results suggest that the patient's fibroblasts synthesize both an abnormal pro alpha 2 chain and a normal pro alpha 2 chain. The abnormality probably consists of a structural mutation in or near the site at which procollagen N-protease cleaves the pro alpha 2 chain. The results presented here appear to provide the first example of a mutation in a structural gene for collagen. Since equal amounts of pN alpha 2 and alpha 2 are found in the protein in neutral salt extracts of the patient's tissue, as well as in newly synthesized collagen produced by cultured skin fibroblasts, and since both parents are phenotypically normal and express exclusively normal collagen chains, the patient is likely to be a sporadic heterozygote, arisen by new mutation, with one normal and one abnormal gene coding for pro alpha 2.
2B24 Evaluation Process of Digging Performance for Hydraulic Excavator by Bucket Tip Trace (2010)

A high performance digging algorithm for hydraulic excavator has not established, because a relationship digging parameters and digging performance is complex. Therefore, we have investigated how digging performance may be affected by the digging trajectory. The ultimate goal of this study is to learn the digging performance by the simulation for the automatic digging process. Authors define the soil volume per the applied energy as digging efficiency in this paper. A miniature test device was developed to simulate the digging by the pre-programmed bucket tip trace. In addition, a digging simulation model by two dimensional distinct element methods (2D-DEM) was developed. The simulation is validated by comparing with the digging test results of the miniature. Finally, using the developed simulation, we tried to clarify quantitatively that the digging efficiency with respect to the tip trace. We simulated digging efficiency to modulate digging trajectory and speed. In this simulation, it is quantitatively clarified that the digging efficiency due to the tip trace and the digging speed
Two-phase full-frame CCD with double ITO gate structure for increased sensitivity (2004)

In 1999 Kodak introduced the first two-phase, front-illuminated, full-frame CCD in which the electrodes corresponding to one phase were composed of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), a material more transmissive than poly silicon. In an effort to further increase the sensitivity of front-illuminated image sensors, Kodak has developed an all-ITO electrode CCD. A 1280 x 1024 sensor with 16-mm pixels has been manufactured and characterized. The imaging performance of this device, including its sensitivity, dark current, and charge transfer efficiency, is described. The noise characteristics of the ITO-gated output amplifier MOSFET are also discussed.
DISC1 regulates N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor dynamics: Abnormalities induced by a Disc1 mutation modelling a translocation linked to major mental illness (2018)

ABSTRACT The neuromodulatory gene DISC1 is disrupted by a t(1;11) translocation that is highly penetrant for schizophrenia and affective disorders, but how this translocation affects DISC1 function is incompletely understood. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDAR) play a central role in synaptic plasticity and cognition, and are implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia through genetic and functional studies. We show that the NMDAR subunit GluN2B complexes with DISC1-associated trafficking factor TRAK1, while DISC1 interacts with the GluN1 subunit and regulates dendritic NMDAR motility in cultured mouse neurons. Moreover, in the first mutant mouse that models DISC1 disruption by the translocation, the pool of NMDAR transport vesicles and surface/synaptic NMDAR expression are increased. Since NMDAR cell surface/synaptic expression is tightly regulated to ensure correct function, these changes in the mutant mouse are likely to affect NMDAR signalling and synaptic plasticity. Consistent with these observations, RNASeq analysis of translocation carrier-derived human neurons indicates abnormalities of excitatory synapses and vesicle dynamics. RNASeq analysis of the human neurons also identifies many differentially expressed genes previously highlighted as putative schizophrenia and/or depression risk factors through large-scale genome-wide association and copy number variant studies, indicating that the translocation triggers common disease pathways that are shared with unrelated psychiatric patients. Altogether our findings suggest that translocation-induced disease mechanisms are likely to be relevant to mental illness in general, and that such disease mechanisms include altered NMDAR dynamics and excitatory synapse function. This could contribute to the cognitive disorders displayed by translocation carriers.
Optical properties of InGaN/GaN MQW LEDs grown on Si (111) substrates with low threading dislocation densities (2014)

We have grown blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with low threading dislocation densities (TDDs) by using SiN interlayers on Si (111) substrates. Our growth technique using SiN layers makes it possible to decrease twist components (edge-type threading dislocation components). The edge-type TDDs are almost the same values as those of LEDs grown on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (0001) substrates. EQE of LEDs grown on Si (111) substrates increases with decreasing edge-type dislocation in the low-current-density region, and the EQE of the sample with low TDD is almost as high as that of the LED grown on an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (0001) substrate at room temperature. It is found that the hot/cold factors (HCFs) of LEDs grown on Si (111) substrates increase with decreasing edge-type dislocations in the low-current-density region, but are less than those of an LED grown on an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (0001) substrate. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) shows that the dominant origin of the thermal quenching is edge-type dislocations in our samples, but other defects such as screw-type dislocations also contribute to it. We also found the fluctuated emission patterns consisting of bright and dark areas originated from the difference of Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) type defect densities in the multi-quantum wells (MQWs) grown on Si (111) substrates. The bright areas spread, and the configurations of the bright areas change into ring-like patterns with reducing edge-type TDDs. We suggest that the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of dark areas should be promoted to improve the performance of the MQWs grown on Si (111) substrates.