gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PKC, p42/p44 MAPK, and p38 MAPK are required for HGF-induced proliferation of H441 cells (2000)

In this paper, we studied the signaling pathway used by hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF) to stimulate mitosis. We show, using H441 cells, that 1) HGF activates membrane-associated protein kinase C (PKC); the activity is transient and peaks within 30 min; 2) HGF activates p42/p44 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs); maximum activity in both is within 10 min; and 3) the activation of neither p38 nor p42/p44 MAPK is dependent on PKC, indicating that HGF uses separate and nonintersecting pathways to activate these two classes of kinase. However, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate also activates both MAPKs as well as PKC, but this activation is abolished in cells pretreated with the PKC inhibitor GF-109203X. HGF was found to significantly increase [(3)H]thymidine incorporation within 5 h; peak thymidine incorporation was observed at 16 h. However, when cells were pretreated with inhibitors of p42/p44 (PD-98059), p38 (SB-203580), or PKC (GF-109203X, Gö-6983, or myristoylated inhibitor peptide(19-27)), HGF-induced thymidine uptake was diminished in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HGF activates PKC and both MAPKs simultaneously through parallel pathways and that the activation of the MAPKs does not depend on PKC. However, p38 and p42/p44 MAPKs and PKC may all be essential for HGF-induced proliferation of H441 cells.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis‐immunoglobulins selectively interact with neuromuscular junctions expressing P/Q‐type calcium channels (2011)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by a gradual loss of motoneurons. The majority of ALS cases are associated with a sporadic form whose etiology is unknown. Several pieces of evidence favor autoimmunity as a potential contributor to sporadic ALS pathology. To gain understanding concerning possible antigens interacting with IgGs from sporadic ALS patients (ALS-IgGs), we studied immunoreactivity against neuromuscular junction (NMJ), spinal cord and cerebellum of mice with and without the Ca(V) 2.1 pore-forming subunit of the P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium (Ca(2+)) channel. ALS-IgGs showed a strong reactivity against NMJs of wild-type diaphragms. ALS-IgGs also increased muscle miniature end-plate potential frequency, suggesting a functional role for ALS-IgGs on synaptic signaling. In support, in mice lacking the Ca(V) 2.1 subunit ALS-IgGs showed significantly reduced NMJ immunoreactivity and did not alter spontaneous acetylcholine release. This difference in reactivity was absent when comparing N-type Ca(2+) channel wild-type or null mice. These results are particularly relevant because motoneurons are known to be early pathogenic targets in ALS. Our findings add further evidence supporting autoimmunity as one of the possible mechanisms contributing to ALS pathology. They also suggest that serum autoantibodies in a subset of ALS patients would interact with NMJ proteins down-regulated when P/Q-type channels are absent.
Nitrosative Stress and Corneal Transplant Endothelial Cell Death During Acute Graft Rejection (2007)

Nitrosative stress during acute corneal graft rejection in rat eyes induces a noncaspase dependent apoptotic death in EC. Inhibition of nitric oxide production during the corneal graft rejection has protective effects on the corneal EC survival.
Major risk of blood transfusion in hemolytic anemia patients (2011)

Thalassemia is a congenital hemolytic disease caused by defective globin synthesis treated by blood transfusion. Transfusion-transmitted infections still make a great challenge in the management of patients with thalassemia major. The most important worldwide transfusion-transmitted infections are hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV. The objective of this study is to update the prevalence of the three major transfusion-transmitted infections HCV, HBV and HIV among thalassemic patients followed up in the Hematology Department, Children Hospital, Cairo University. The study included 174 multitransfused thalassemic patients (162 major and 12 intermedia), registered at the Pediatric Hematology Clinic, Cairo University. Their age ranged from 2 to 27 years with a mean of 11.26 ± 5.4 years. Patients were subjected to full history taking, stressing on history of blood transfusions (onset, frequency and duration) at a single or multiple centers and abdominal examination. Laboratory investigations including complete blood count, aminotransferases (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase), ferritin and viral markers of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) and anti-HIV were assayed for all cases by a third-generation ELISA method. HCV PCR was performed for 75 cases. Of the 174 patients, none of them were HBsAg and anti-HIV positive. However, 90 patients were anti-HCV positive (51.7%). HCV PCR was positive in 56 patients (74.3%) of the 75 with positive antibody tested. HCV antibody positivity is statistically significant with age of the patient, serum ferritin and liver transaminases (P < 0.01). HCV-RNA by PCR positivity was significantly related to patients' age and serum ferritin (P < 0.05). Serum ferritin showed statistically significant positive correlation with liver transaminases. Despite the decrease in prevalence of HCV antibody in our patients from 71% in 1995 to 51.7% in our study, yet HCV infection still represents a major health problem for our thalassemic patients, which requires more attention and efforts to challenge. There is a dramatic decrease in the prevalence of HBV infection over the last decade, thanks to mass compulsory vaccination and blood screening. HIV infection does not represent a problem owing to very low population prevalence.
Motion Blur Parameter Identification from a Linearly Blurred Image (2007)

Restoration of motion blurred image is a highly demanded technique. The motion blur parameter identification plays an important role in the image restoration. In this paper, we propose the blur parameter identification algorithm under linear motion blur. The parameters to be estimated are the length and direction. The Fourier spectrum of the image degraded by linear motion blur has regular patterns of zeros. The proposed algorithm detects those patterns by minimizing the correlation between the Fourier spectrum of blurred image and a detecting function. The experimental comparisons show that our proposed algorithm has robustness against noise than other two algorithms.
Histological comparison of two different fractional photothermolysis devices operating at 1,550 nm (2010)

We have characterized the lesion depth and width for the for two different Fractional Photothermolysis devices (SR750 vs. SR1500). The device with the adjustable spot size (SR1500 or Fraxel re:store) provides generally deeper lesions at the same energy level. It remains to be shown whether increased lesion depth improves efficacy for certain clinical applications.
Tradeoff between source and channel coding (1997)

A fundamental problem in the transmission of analog information across a noisy discrete channel is the choice of channel code rate that optimally allocates the available transmission rate between lossy source coding and block channel coding. We establish tight bounds on the channel code rate that minimizes the average distortion of a vector quantizer cascaded with a channel coder and a binary-symmetric channel. Analytic expressions are derived in two cases of interest: small bit-error probability and arbitrary source vector dimension; arbitrary bit-error probability and large source vector dimension. We demonstrate that the optimal channel code rate is often substantially smaller than the channel capacity, and obtain a noisy-channel version of the Zador (1982) high-resolution distortion formula.
Body As Starting Point 4: Inbodied Interaction Design for Health Ownership. (2021)

This Fourth Body as a Starting Point workshop investigates how to design interactive health technologies that assist users in developing insourcing abilities and then assist users in letting go of the same technology—in other words, supporting a transition from health technology dependence to independence. By making explicit two inbodied design continua of (1) ownership, from “outsourcing” to “insourcing” and (2) engagement period, from “single”, to” cycle”, to “permanent”, to prototype and reflect on interactive technology that takes the body as a starting point.
Intersex-like ( IXL ) Is a Cell Survival Regulator in Pancreatic Cancer with 19q13 Amplification (2007)

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive disease characterized by poor prognosis and vast genetic instability. Recent microarray-based, genome-wide surveys have identified multiple recurrent copy number aberrations in pancreatic cancer; however, the target genes are, for the most part, unknown. Here, we characterized the 19q13 amplicon in pancreatic cancer to identify putative new drug targets. Copy number increases at 19q13 were quantitated in 16 pancreatic cancer cell lines and 31 primary tumors by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cell line copy number data delineated a 1.1 Mb amplicon, the presence of which was also validated in 10% of primary pancreatic tumors. Comprehensive expression analysis by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR indicated that seven transcripts within this region had consistently elevated expression levels in the amplified versus nonamplified cell lines. High-throughput loss-of-function screen by RNA interference was applied across the amplicon to identify genes whose down-regulation affected cell viability. This screen revealed five genes whose down-regulation led to significantly decreased cell viability in the amplified PANC-1 cells but not in the nonamplified MiaPaca-2 cells, suggesting the presence of multiple biologically interesting genes in this region. Of these, the transcriptional regulator intersex-like (IXL) was consistently overexpressed in amplified cells and had the most dramatic effect on cell viability. IXL silencing also resulted in G(0)-G(1) cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis in PANC-1 cells. These findings implicate IXL as a novel amplification target gene in pancreatic cancer and suggest that IXL is required for cancer cell survival in 19q13-amplified tumors.
Lymphatische Neoplasien bei jungen Patienten (2011)

gig sind. Innerhalb padiatrischer Studien zeigt sich bereits eine Abnahme der Uberlebensraten mit zunehmendem Alter. So nahm in der padiatrischen BFM-95-Studie (BFM = Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster) die Gesamtuberlebensrate mit zunehmendem Lebensalter der Kinder ab und war bei den Jugend lichen uber 15 Jahren am niedrigsten [3]. An diese Entwicklung schliesen sich nahtlos die Erwachsenen-ALLStudien an. Hier sind die Gesamtuberlebensraten fur die AYA am gunstigsten und nehmen dann kontinuierlich ab. Die Grunde dafur sind vielfaltig. Zum einen nehmen mit zunehmendem Alter ungunstige Prognosefaktoren zu. Zum anderen hangt der Therapieerfolg bei der ALL entscheidend von der zeitnahen Durchfuhrung einer intensiven Chemotherapie ab. Die Therapiedurchfuhrbarkeit und -vertraglichkeit nehmen mit dem Alter kontinuierlich ab und daraus resultiert das schlechtere Therapieansprechen bei erwachsenen Patienten insgesamt und bei alteren Patienten im Besonderen. In den vergangenen Jahren wurde eine Reihe von Studien an jungen Erwachsenen, die nach padiatrischen Protokollen oder nach Protokollen fur Erwachsene behandelt wurden, publiziert. Es zeigte sich, dass die Eingangskriterien fur den Studieneinschluss vergleichbar waren und sich auch die Raten an Komplettremissionen nicht wesentlich voneinander unterschieden, jedoch war in den Padiatrie-Studien das ereignisfreie Uberleben (EFS) bzw. das krankheitsfreie Uberleben (DFS) zum Teil deutlich langer [4]. Es fallt auf, dass die zum Vergleich herangezogenen Erwachsenen-Studien unterdurchschnittliche Ergebnisse erbracht hatten und zum Teil auf Therapieprinzipien beruhten, die nicht zeitgemas sind. In neueren Vergleichen von Studien auf Basis innovativer Protokolle lassen sich keine deutlichen Unterschiede zwischen Padiatrieund Erwachsenen-Studien zeigen. Es lohnt sich deshalb der Blick auf moderne ALL-Protokolle, wie sie etwa in der deutschen Studiengruppe fur die ALL des Erwachsenen (GMALL) verwendet werden. Die aktuelle Studie GMALL 07/2003 wurde fur Erwachsene und Adoleszente konzipiert und wird in 146 internistisch-onkologischen deutschen Zentren durchgefuhrt. Die Studien der Die AYA-Problematik am Beispiel der akuten lymphatischen Leukamie Verantwortliche Autorin: Nicola Gokbuget, Frankfurt/Main
BER performance of turbo product LDPC codes with non-sequential decoding (2013)

This work considers the bit error rate (BER) performance of turbo product codes (TPC) constituted from low density parity check (LDPC) codes with non-sequential decoding (NSD). The BER of the TPC-LDPC is evaluated for LDPC codes with various rates and sizes using the bit flipping (BF) and sum product (SP) algorithms. Monte Carlo simulation results demonstrate that NSD can provide a remarkable additional coding gain of about 3.5 dB using the BF algorithm as compared to sequential decoding. Moreover, simulation results confirmed that the order of the turbo and LDPC decoding iterations can have a noticeable impact on the BER. Similarly, the NSD of TPC-LDPC codes using the SP algorithm offered noticeable improvement for particular codes.
GCPII (NAALADase) Inhibition Prevents Long‐Term Diabetic Neuropathy In Type 1 Diabetic BB/WOR Rats (2002)

Aims/Hypothesis: Hyperglutamatergic activity induced by ischemia is believed to underlie neuronal damage in a variety of neurological disorders, including neuropathic pain. Since ischemia is believed to be a prominent mechanism involved in diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), we investigated the effect of the glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII, EC #3.4.17.21; previously termed NAALADase), an enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the neuropeptide NAAG to NAA and glutamate, on the development of DPN in type 1 diabetic BB/Wor rats. Methods: Diabetic animals were treated with 10 mg/kg/day i.p. of the selective GCPII inhibitor GPI‐5232 from onset of diabetes for 6 months. Hyperalgesia to thermal stimulation and nerve conduction velocity (NCV)) were measured monthly. The effect on structural DPN was assessed by scoring of single, teased myelinated fibers, myelinated fiber morphometry and ultrastructural examination of C‐fibers at 6 months. Results: GCPII inhibition showed significant but partial effects on hyperalgesia (p&lt;0.001), nerve conduction slowing (p&lt;0.01), axonal and nodal structural changes (p&lt;0.001), small myelinated fiber atrophy, and degenerative changes of C‐fibers. Conclusions: GCPII inhibition has beneficial effects on hyperalgesia, nerve function, and structural degenerative changes in DPN, which are likely mediated by inhibition of ischemia‐induced glutamate release.
Evaluation of Silicon Carbide Pressure Sensor in Turbofan Engine Core Exhaust Nozzle (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4164.vid We report the results of the evaluation of single crystal 4H-silicon carbide piezoresistive pressure sensors that were directly inserted at the compressor and core exhaust nozzle exits, in shear contact with the engine-internal flow streams of the NASA DGEN Aeropropulsion Research Turbofan, where the operating temperatures at maximum power were ~230 C, and ~460 C, respectively. In addition to demonstrating sensor survivability during this maiden test, the frequency responses of the silicon-carbide sensors at the core-nozzle exit were compared against industry-standard silicon-based piezoresistive pressure transducers in an infinite-tube-probe arrangement. The low-voltage output of these early-development SiC sensors limited the frequency range with an acceptable signal-to-noise-ratio for the current application to less than about 2,500 Hz. The low output of the SiC sensors were due to a conservative burst-pressure diaphragm design that can be optimized to increase the frequency range. The results from this initial campaign offered insights to aspects of the sensor that would require further improvement, with the goal of achieving full-bandwidth capture of engine unsteady pressure fluctuations by direct interrogation of the flow field in hostile-environment engine-core components.
The Robustly-Safe Automated Driving System for Enhanced Active Safety (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Road safety is one of the major concerns for automated vehicles. In order for these vehicles to interact safely and efficiently with the other road participants, the behavior of the automated vehicles should be carefully designed. Liu and Tomizuka proposed the Robustly-safe Automated Driving system (ROAD) which prevents or minimizes occurrences of collisions of the automated vehicle with other road participants while maintaining efficiency. In this paper, a set of design principles are elaborated as an extension of the previous work, including robust perception and cognition algorithms for environment monitoring and high level decision making and low level control algorithms for safe maneuvering of the automated vehicle. The autonomous driving problem in mixed traffic is posed as a stochastic optimization problem, which is solved by 1) behavior classification and trajectory prediction of other road participants, and 2) a unique parallel planner architecture which addresses the efficiency goal in the long term and the safety goal in the short term separately. Moreover, a python-based high fidelity simulation system is developed and extensive simulations are performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, where both high level decision making and low level vehicle regulation are considered. Two typical scenarios are studied, driving on freeway and driving in unstructured environments such as parking lots. In the simulation, multiple moving agents representing surrounding vehicles and pedestrians are added to the environment, some of which are controlled by human subjects in order to test the real time response of the automated vehicle.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of an Acyclic Analogue of Hydroxynorphos. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An oral antisense oligonucleotide for PCSK9 inhibition (2021)

Inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and are used for treatment of dyslipidemia. Current PCSK9 inhibitors are administered via subcutaneous injection. We present a highly potent, chemically modified PCSK9 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) with potential for oral delivery. Past attempts at oral delivery using earlier-generation ASO chemistries and transient permeation enhancers provided encouraging data, suggesting that improving potency of the ASO could make oral delivery a reality. The constrained ethyl chemistry and liver targeting enabled by <i>N</i>-acetylgalactosamine conjugation make this ASO highly potent. A single subcutaneous dose of 90 mg reduced PCSK9 by >90% in humans with elevated LDL cholesterol and a monthly subcutaneous dose of around 25 mg is predicted to reduce PCSK9 by 80% at steady state. To investigate the feasibility of oral administration, the ASO was coformulated in a tablet with sodium caprate as permeation enhancer. Repeated oral daily dosing in dogs resulted in a bioavailability of 7% in the liver (target organ), about fivefold greater than the plasma bioavailability. Target engagement after oral administration was confirmed by intrajejunal administration of a rat-specific surrogate ASO in solution with the enhancer to rats and by plasma PCSK9 and LDL cholesterol lowering in cynomolgus monkey after tablet administration. On the basis of an assumption of 5% liver bioavailability after oral administration in humans, a daily dose of 15 mg is predicted to reduce circulating PCSK9 by 80% at steady state, supporting the development of the compound for oral administration to treat dyslipidemia.
ChemInform Abstract: CAMPHENE PART 4, INTERCONVERSIONS OF THREE HOMOCAMPHENES (1974)

Abstract Die Kinetik der Isomerisierung der Homocamphene (I), (II) und (III) in Acetonitril‐ Brenztraubensäure bei 138°C wurde untersucht.
Projections of two-particle correlations onto transverse rapidity in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV at STAR (2022)

Two-particle correlation measurements projected onto two-dimensional, transverse rapidity coordinates $({y}_{T1},{y}_{T2})$ provide an independent, orthogonal view of the multidimensional correlation distribution that is most often studied via angular projections. As such, these independent transverse projections allow access to manifestations of dynamical fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions that angular-correlation measurements may not be sensitive to. We report nonidentified charged-particle correlations for $\text{Au}+\text{Au}$ minimum-bias collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200$ GeV taken by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). Correlations are presented as two-dimensional functions of transverse rapidity for like-sign, unlike-sign, and all charged-particle pairs, as well as for particle pairs whose relative azimuthal angles lie on the near-side, the away-side, or at all relative azimuth. The correlations are constructed using charged particles with transverse momentum ${p}_{T}\ensuremath{\ge}0.15$ $\mathrm{GeV}/c$, pseudorapidity from $\ensuremath{-}1$ to 1, and azimuthal angles from $\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}$ to $\ensuremath{\pi}$. The significant correlation structures that are observed evolve smoothly with collision centrality. The major correlation features include a saddle shape plus a broad peak with maximum near ${y}_{T}\ensuremath{\approx}3$, corresponding to ${p}_{T}\ensuremath{\approx}1.5$ $\mathrm{GeV}/c$. The broad peak is observed in both like- and unlike-sign charge combinations and in near- and away-side relative azimuthal angles. The all-charge, all-azimuth correlation measurements are compared with the predictions of hijing and epos to provide theoretical context for these new measurements. The results indicate that the correlations for peripheral to mid-central collisions can be approximately described as a superposition of nucleon $+$ nucleon collisions with minimal effects from the quantum chromodynamics medium. Strong medium effects are indicated in mid- to most-central collisions.