gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transgenic Bt potato and conventional insecticides for Colorado potato beetle management: comparative efficacy and non‐target impacts (2001)

Abstract Field studies were conducted in 1992 and 1993 in Hermiston, Oregon, to evaluate the efficacy of transgenic Bt potato ( Newleaf ® , which expresses the insecticidal protein Cry3Aa) and conventional insecticide spray programs against the important potato pest, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), Colorado potato beetle (CPB), and their relative impact on non‐target arthropods in potato ecosystems. Results from the two years of field trials demonstrated that Newleaf potato plants were highly effective in suppressing populations of CPB, and provided better CPB control than weekly sprays of a microbial Bt‐based formulation containing Cry3Aa, bi‐weekly applications of permethrin, or early‐ and mid‐season applications of systemic insecticides (phorate and disulfoton). When compared with conventional potato plants not treated with any insecticides, the effective control of CPB by Newleaf potato plants or weekly sprays of a Bt‐based formulation did not significantly impact the abundance of beneficial predators or secondary potato pests. In contrast to Newleaf potato plants or microbial Bt formulations, however, bi‐weekly applications of permethrin significantly reduced the abundance of several major generalist predators such as spiders (Araneae), big‐eyed bugs ( Geocorus sp.), damsel bugs ( Nabid sp.), and minute pirate bugs ( Orius sp.), and resulted in significant increases in the abundance of green peach aphid (GPA), Myzus persicae (Sulzer) – vector of viral diseases, on the treated potato plots. While systemic insecticides appeared to have reduced the abundance of some plant sap‐feeding insects such as GPA, lygus bugs, and leafhoppers, early and mid‐season applications of these insecticides had no significant impact on populations of the major beneficial predators. Thus, transgenic Bt potato, Bt‐based microbial formulations and systemic insecticides appeared to be compatible with the development of integrated pest management (IPM) against other potato pests such as GPA because these CPB control measures have little impact on major natural enemies. In contrast, the broad‐spectrum pyrethroid insecticide (permethrin) is less compatible with IPM programs against GPA and the potato leafroll viral disease.
The ALS-inducing factors, TDP43A315T and SOD1G93A, directly affect and sensitize sensory neurons to stress (2018)

There is increased recognition that sensory neurons located in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are affected in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, it remains unknown whether ALS-inducing factors, other than mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1<sup>G93A</sup>), directly affect sensory neurons. Here, we examined the effect of mutant TAR DNA-binding protein 1 (TDP43<sup>A315T</sup>) on sensory neurons in culture and in vivo. In parallel, we reevaluated sensory neurons expressing SOD1<sup>G93A</sup>. We found that cultured sensory neurons harboring either TDP43<sup>A315T</sup> or SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> grow neurites at a slower rate and elaborate fewer neuritic branches compared to control neurons. The presence of either ALS-causing mutant gene also sensitizes sensory neurons to vincristine, a microtubule inhibitor that causes axonal degeneration. Interestingly, these experiments revealed that cultured sensory neurons harboring TDP43<sup>A315T</sup> elaborate shorter and less complex neurites, and are more sensitive to vincristine compared to controls and to SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> expressing sensory neurons. Additionally, levels of two molecules involved in stress responses, ATF3 and PERK are significantly different between sensory neurons harboring TDP43<sup>A315T</sup> to those with SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate that sensory neurons are directly affected by two ALS-inducing factors, suggesting important roles for this neuronal subpopulation in ALS-related pathogenesis.
ChemInform Abstract: The Directed ortho Metalation‐Cross‐Coupling Fusion: Development and Application in Synthesis: Platinum Group Metals Catalytic Synthetic Strategy for Pharmaceutical, Agrochemical and Other Industrial Products (2014)

Abstract Review: 88 refs.
Individualism or Narcissism? Using Charles Taylor’s Concept of Authenticity to Frame a First-Year, Humanities Course (2013)

Many U.S. universities require that first-year students take a foundation course in the humanities. This course, often taught by faculty from a variety of disciplines, is designed to introduce students to analytical reading, thinking, and writing. Since the sequence of texts that constitutes the course may be chosen more for each text’s intrinsic merit than for the texts’ relations to each other, creating a coherent design for such courses can be a challenge. One strategy calls for a lens or framing text, that is, an idea, concept, or question through which students will interrogate each text in the sequence. By using such a frame, students will have a familiar starting point as they launch into an analysis of each new text, and they will find that their experience with the framing idea will deepen with each encounter so that, incrementally, they build analytical facility and confidence. For one such framing idea, I propose the concept of authenticity as defined by the philosopher Charles Taylor in “The Ethics of Authenticity.” I first define Taylor’s concept and suggest the variety of texts that can be illuminated through it, and then illustrate with an analysis of Shakespeare’s “Coriolanus” and Jamaica Kincaid’s
Plasmon-Enhanced Upconversion (2014)

Upconversion, the conversion of photons from lower to higher energies, is a process that promises applications ranging from high-efficiency photovoltaic and photocatalytic cells to background-free bioimaging and therapeutic probes. Existing upconverting materials, however, remain too inefficient for viable implementation. In this Perspective, we describe the significant improvements in upconversion efficiency that can be achieved using plasmon resonances. As collective oscillations of free electrons, plasmon resonances can be used to enhance both the incident electromagnetic field intensity and the radiative emission rates. To date, this approach has shown upconversion enhancements up to 450×. We discuss both theoretical underpinnings and experimental demonstrations of plasmon-enhanced upconversion, examining the roles of upconverter quantum yield, plasmonic geometry, and plasmon spectral overlap. We also discuss nonoptical consequences of including metal nanostructures near upconverting emitters. The rapidly expanding field of plasmon-enhanced upconversion provides novel fundamental insight into nanoscale light-matter interactions while improving prospects for technological relevance.
Traffic Scheduling for MPDCF MAC to Support QoS-Sensitive Data in IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs (2006)

In IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN), it is very hard to meet QoS requirements (throughput, delay and loss rate) of multimedia traffic by using Distributed Coordination Function (DCF). In order to support QoS in WLAN, enhanced IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is discussed in IEEE 802.11 Task Group E. IEEE 802.11e uses the rather complex Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF). In this paper, we propose a simple MultiPolling DCF (MPDCF) mechanism with the advantages of high channel efficiency and QoS support. In our proposed mechanism, an AP can decide the transmission order and duration of QoS-sensitive wireless stations and poll the stations whenever it needs based on the controlled backoff procedure. We propose a scheduling algorithm using the proposed MPDCF to serve real-time traffic with constant and variable bit rates. The simulation results show that QoS requirements of the traffic can be satisfied and the channel utilization is also increased with our scheduling mechanism.
WE-F-204-02: A Research Career in Medical Physics: From Student to Faculty (2016)

In recent years heavy focus has been placed on clinical careers in medical physics, and the pathways to such careers are well-known and well-described. For the future advancement of the field of medical physics, it is necessary the focus also include research-oriented careers. It is important for the younger generation of medical physicists to know that there are many career opportunities in research, and that it is quite possible to build a successful career in which research is a major component. We will hear from those who have already blazed a trail of success in academic and industry research careers in order to understand some of the most important decisions to make and skills to develop in order to be successful. Topics such as how to build a research program, how to develop your own lab, and how to initiate good collaborations are not generally taught explicitly but are integral to succeeding in a research career. Skills such as these are often best learned from the experiences of others. The challenges encountered in transitioning from graduate student to faculty member, securing the first grant, and moving into an industry research position will be highlighted and discussed. Learning Objectives: 1. Identify career paths built on interest in research 2. Understand basic steps to starting and maintaining a research career 3. Identify differences between research careers in academia and industry M. Giger, support by NIH and COI will be listed. J. Dempsey, ViewRay, Inc. has provided financial support for my research. R. Mohan, support from NIH.
Modeling vibrations of a tiled Talbot-Lau interferometer on a clinical CT system (2022)

&lt;p&gt;X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an invaluable imaging technique for non-invasive medical diagnosis. However, for soft tissue in the human body the difference in attenuation is inherently small. Grating-based X-ray phase-contrast is a relatively novel imaging method which detects additional interaction mechanisms between photons and matter, namely refraction and small-angle scattering, to generate additional images with different contrast. The experimental setup involves a Talbot-Lau interferometer whose susceptibility to mechanical vibrations hindered acquisition schemes suitable for clinical routine in the past. We present a processing pipeline to identify spatially and temporally variable fluctuations occurring in an interferometer installed on a continuously rotating clinical CT gantry. The correlations of the vibrations in the modular grating setup are exploited to identify a small number of relevant fluctuation modes, allowing for a sample reconstruction free of vibration artifacts.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Indenylidene Complexes of Ruthenium: Optimized Synthesis, Structure Elucidation, and Performance as Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis — Application to the Synthesis of the ADE‐Ring System of Nakadomarin A. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design for an Internal Circular Compression Band Restraint Device (Marman Clamp, V-Band) (2002)

No abstract prepared.
[Necrobacillosis]. (1992)

Necrobacillosis is an infection caused by the anaerobic Gram-negative rod Fusobacterium necrophorum. The infection is most common in previously healthy young adults and is characterised by sore throat followed by rigors, septicaemia and the formation of metastatic abscesses, often in the lungs. The infection has a certain mortality, which is reduced when early and sufficient treatment is administered. The treatment is a prolonged course of penicillin and/or metronidazole. Two case histories and a review of the literature are presented. The purpose of this article is to make the clinician aware of the syndrome, which is so characteristic that the diagnosis can be made from the clinical picture alone before bacteriological verification.
Many-body effects in strongly-disordered III-nitride quantum wells:\n interplay between carrier localization and Coulomb interaction (2019)

The joint impact of Anderson localization and many-body interaction is\nobserved in the optical properties of strongly-disordered III-nitride quantum\nwells, a system where the Coulomb interaction and the fluctuating potential are\npronounced effects with similar magnitude. A numerical method is introduced to\nsolve the 6-dimensional coupled Schrodinger equation in the presence of\ndisorder and Coulomb interaction, a challenging numerical task. It accurately\nreproduces the measured absorption and luminescence dynamics of InGaN quantum\nwells at room-temperature: absorption spectra reveal the existence of a\nbroadened excitonic peak, and carrier lifetime measurements show that\nluminescence departs from a conventional bimolecular behavior. These results\nreveal that luminescence is governed by the interplay between localization and\nCoulomb interaction, and provide practical insight in the physics of modern\nlight-emitting diodes.\n
Achieving Desired Lithium Concentration in Garnet Solid Electrolytes; Processing Impacts on Physical and Electrochemical Properties (2022)

Lithium-ion-conducting garnets are one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes to replace liquid organic electrolytes in lithium batteries, resulting in a tremendous and rapidly increasing number of garnet publications and commercial activity. However, these publications are typically based on a nominal lithium content with the addition of excess lithium to qualitatively supplement lithium losses during calcining and sintering, resulting in an inexact lithium composition that directly influences the sintered garnet’s physical and electrochemical properties. In this study, we systematically varied the lithium content during the processing of Li6.75±XLa2.75Ca0.25Zr1.75Nb0.5O12 (LLCZN), then measured the actual lithium content, and determined density, secondary phase formation, and the impact on electrochemical properties. The molar lithium content after sintering ranged from 5.5 to 7.3 lithium per mol for a desired 6.75 stoichiometric LLCZN Li-composition, depending on the starting lithium content and sintering conditions utilized. Secondary phases were detected when lithium content was outside of the designed stoichiometry, hindering sintering. Samples sintered in MgO crucibles obtained high bulk conductivities (>10–4 S cm–1). However, they exhibited low grain boundary conductance due to secondary phases, resulting in total conductivities on the order of 10–5 S cm–1. In comparison, when sintered in Al2O3 crucibles, bulk conductivity (2.0 × 10–4 S cm–1) and grain boundary conductance (1.07 × 10–3 S cm–1) reached their maximum at 6.37 lithium per mol of LLCZN for a total conductivity of 1.68 × 10–4 S cm–1. While similar bulk conductivities were attained when sintered in MgO crucibles, the highest total conductivities were achieved in samples contaminated with parts per million levels of aluminum from the Al2O3 crucible.
[Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Water of Lijiang River Basin]. (2021)

In order to clarify the pollution levels of heavy metals in the drinking water sources of the Lijiang River Basin, surface water samples were collected from 62 sites throughout the Lijiang River during May 2019. Heavy metals, including As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Hg, Co, and Sb, in the water samples were analysed. Health risk assessments associated with these nine heavy metals were conducted using the health risk assessment model from the US EPA. The results indicated that the order of the average concentrations of heavy metals in the water samples were Mn > Zn > As > Cr > Cu > Sb > Co > Cd > Hg. No heavy metals exceeded the limit values of the drinking water health standards in China (GB 5749-2006), and the concentrations were lower than the limitations of Grade Ⅰ level in the environmental quality standards for surface water (GB 3838-2002). According to the spatial distribution, the high contents areas of As, Cr, Zn, and Sb were predominantly distributed downstream of the Lijiang River, while the high contents areas of Cd, Cu, Hg, Co, and Mn were mostly distributed in the upper reaches. Multivariate analysis indicated that Cd, Mn, Cu, and Co were primarily from agricultural production; Cr, Zn, and Sb were mainly from tourism transportation; As was predominantly from the weathering of rock parent material and soil erosion; Hg was mainly from the improper disposal of domestic garbage and atmospheric deposition. The results of the health risk assessment indicated that children were more susceptible to the threat of heavy metal pollution than adults, and the average annual risk of carcinogenic heavy metals to human health through drinking water ingestion were higher than those of non-carcinogenic metals. The maximum personal average annual health risk of Cr was higher than the maximum allowance levels recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (5×10<sup>-5</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>). The average annual risk of non-carcinogenic heavy metals (10<sup>-14</sup>-10<sup>-9</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>) decreased in the order of Co > Cu > Hg > Zn > Sb > Mn, which were far below the maximum allowance levels recommended by the ICRP.
LY191704: a selective, nonsteroidal inhibitor of human steroid 5 alpha-reductase type 1. (1993)

Androgens, in particular dihydrotestosterone (DHT), play a key role in differentiation, growth, and maintenance of the mammalian prostate. Production of DHT from testosterone is catalyzed by two distinct membrane-bound steroid 5 alpha-reductase [5 alpha-reductase; 3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid delta 4-dehydrogenase; 3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid:(acceptor) delta 4-oxidoreductase, EC 1.3.99.5] isozymes designated types 1 and 2. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a disease that occurs almost universally in males, is characterized by obstructive and irritative urinary voiding symptoms and has been associated with an overproduction of DHT. Recently, steroidal inhibitors of 5 alpha-reductase type 2 have been used successfully for treatment of BPH. Described here is a nonsteroidal inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase type 1, LY191704 (8-chloro-4-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,10b-octaahydro-benzo[f]quinol in-3(2H)-one). This compound was identified based on its capacity to inhibit 5 alpha-reductase activity in a human genital skin fibroblast cell line (Hs68). Surprisingly, LY191704 is inactive when tested in freshly isolated prostate cells obtained from subjects with BPH, whereas previously described 4-azasteroids are active. LY191704 is, however, a potent inhibitor of the 5 alpha-reductase activity of BPH cells that have been maintained in culture. Analysis of human and rat 5 alpha-reductases expressed from transfected cDNAs in simian COS cells indicates that LY191704 is a specific noncompetitive inhibitor of the human 5 alpha-reductase type 1. Taken together, the results suggest that prostate cells have the capacity to express both 5 alpha-reductase isozymes and that LY191704 may be useful in treatment of human endocrine disorders associated with overproduction of DHT by 5 alpha-reductase type 1.
Abstract 15990: Microbubble-Mediated Sonothrombolysis With Long Tone Burst Ultrasound for the Treatment of Microvascular Microembolization: An in vivo Study (2013)

Background: Despite successful epicardial coronary artery reperfusion by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), microembolization (mEMB) of thrombotic debris into the microcirculation limits myo...
Analysis of the effects of depth dependence of x-ray interactions on the MTF and NPS of radiographic screens (1990)

In our previous studies,"2 we had shown the utility of multivariate momentgenerating functions (MMGF) for analyzing the influence of stochastic amplifying and scattering mechanisms on the transfer of signal and noise through multistage imaging systems. Recently, we extended these studies to include cases in which the amplification or scattering parameters are themselves stochastic variables.3 In this paper we consider a special case in which amplification is followed by scattering such that the same random variable which characterizes the parameters of each amplification process also characterizes the parameters of the subsequent scattering of the amplified output events. In radiographic imaging, this can be used to describe the physics of the depth dependence of emission efficiency and light scatter in x-ray intensifying screens which was originally treated by Lubberts.4 In this work Lubberts' original results are rederived in a more general form.
Insight into On-Wafer Crystallization of Pure-Silica-Zeolite Films through Nutrient Replenishment (2011)

Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) is added to a pure-silica-zeolite MEL nanoparticle suspension and the mixture is subsequently used for preparing spin-on low-dielectric constant (low-k) films. The films are then characterized by ellipsometric porosimetry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoindentation. Investigation into the film microstructure indicates that the addition of TEOS significantly increases the fraction of the crystalline domains, decreases the inter-crystal mesopore size, and narrows the pore size distribution. Films with 12% TEOS loading have a mean pore size distribution centered at 3.5 nm (diameter) with a full width at half maximum (fwhm) of 0.8 nm, while those with no TEOS have a distribution at 11.1 nm and fwhm of 7.9 nm. At 12% TEOS loading, the reduced modulus and hardness are 11.0 and 1.12 GPa, respectively; without TEOS, the values are 6.4 and 0.57 GPa.