gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency and temperature dependence of the relative permittivity in ferroelectrics: Monte-Carlo simulation study (2003)

In this article, the domain wall densities calculated from simulated domain configurations are used to estimate the domain wall contributions to the dielectric permittivity of a ferroelectric material. The configurations were calculated using a Monte-Carlo model proposed by B. G. Potter et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 87, 4415 (2000)]. The temperature and frequency dependence of the contributions are analyzed and compared to experimental results obtained on PbZrxTi1−xO3 thin films.
Tunable ring laser with internal injection seeding and an optically-driven photonic crystal reflector (2012)

Continuous tuning over a 1.6 THz region in the near-infrared (842.5-848.6 nm) has been achieved with a hybrid ring/external cavity laser having a single, optically-driven grating reflector and gain provided by an injection-seeded semiconductor amplifier. Driven at 532 nm and incorporating a photonic crystal with an azobenzene overlayer, the reflector has a peak reflectivity of ~80% and tunes at the rate of 0.024 nm per mW of incident green power. In a departure from conventional ring or external cavity lasers, the frequency selectivity for this system is provided by the passband of the tunable photonic crystal reflector and line narrowing in a high gain amplifier. Sub - 0.1 nm linewidths and amplifier extraction efficiencies above 97% are observed with the reflector tuned to 842.5 nm.
The Effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.) Wall. Ex Nees and Andrographolide on Neuroinflammation in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases (2023)

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect millions of people worldwide, and to date, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are the most common NDs. Of the many risk factors for neurodegeneration, the aging process has the most significant impact, to the extent that it is tempting to consider neurodegenerative disease as a manifestation of accelerated aging. However, genetic and environmental factors determine the course of neurodegenerative disease progression. It has been proposed that environmental stimuli influence neuroplasticity. Some clinical studies have shown that healthy lifestyles and the administration of nutraceuticals containing bioactive molecules possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have a preventive impact or mitigate symptoms in previously diagnosed patients. Despite ongoing research efforts, the therapies currently used for the treatment of NDs provide only marginal therapeutic benefits; therefore, the focus is now directly on the search for natural products that could be valuable tools in combating these diseases, including the natural compound <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> (Ap) and its main constituent, andrographolide (Andro). Preclinical studies have shown that the aqueous extract of Ap can modulate neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative responses, reducing inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in various NDs. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on the molecular mechanisms by which Ap and Andro can modulate the processes of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, which are significant causes of neuronal death and cognitive decline.
Analysis of the pilot contamination effect in very large multicell multiuser MIMO systems for physical channel models (2011)

We consider multicell multiuser MIMO systems with a very large number of antennas at the base station. We assume that the channel is estimated by using uplink training sequences, and we consider a physical channel model where the angular domain is separated into a finite number of directions. We analyze the so-called pilot contamination effect discovered in previous work, and show that this effect persists under the finite-dimensional channel model that we consider. We further derive closed-form bounds on the achievable rate of uplink data transmission with maximum-ratio combining, for a finite and an infinite number of base station antennas.
A silicon-based widely tunable short-wave infrared optical parametric oscillator (2013)

We demonstrate a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on parametric gain in a silicon-on-insulator photonic wire. We exploit the highly nonlinear broadband response of the photonic wire to achieve broadband single-pass amplification up to 54 dB. This allows us to construct an OPO that is tunable across a 75 nm-wide band near 2075 nm, when pumped by a picosecond pulse train at 2175 nm. Additionally we demonstrate broadband tuning across 150 nm by varying the pump wavelength and exploiting the higher order dispersion characteristics of the silicon photonic wire.
Thyroid Eye Disease (1986)

Thyroid Eye Diseaseby Dr Char is a monograph that attempts to present a summary of current knowledge of the pathogenesis of hyperthyroidism, standards of diagnosis and treatment of systemic disease, mechanisms of ophthalmic syndromes, and medical and surgical management of thyroid eye disease. The book is subdivided into 12 chapters. The early chapters deal with theories of hyperthyroidism or with systemic diagnostic tests for hyperthyroidism and the evaluation of the ocular signs. A short chapter is devoted to the medical management of hyperthyroidism. The final chapters deal fundamentally with ophthalmologic issues, including medical, radiologic, and surgical management of thyroid optic neuropathy, exophthalmos, restrictive strabismus, and eyelid malposition. The chapters are extremely well referenced and cite most of the important work relevant to current concepts in diagnosis and management. The earlier chapters are a useful overview for the practicing ophthalmologist who wishes to review newer developments in understanding the pathogenesis
Deep Learning Guided Autonomous Surgery: Guiding Small Needles into Sub-Millimeter Scale Blood Vessels (2023)

We propose a general strategy for autonomous guidance and insertion of a needle into a retinal blood vessel. The main challenges underpinning this task are the accurate placement of the needle-tip on the target vein and a careful needle insertion maneuver to avoid double-puncturing the vein, while dealing with challenging kinematic constraints and depth-estimation uncertainty. Following how surgeons perform this task purely based on visual feedback, we develop a system which relies solely on \emph{monocular} visual cues by combining data-driven kinematic and contact estimation, visual-servoing, and model-based optimal control. By relying on both known kinematic models, as well as deep-learning based perception modules, the system can localize the surgical needle tip and detect needle-tissue interactions and venipuncture events. The outputs from these perception modules are then combined with a motion planning framework that uses visual-servoing and optimal control to cannulate the target vein, while respecting kinematic constraints that consider the safety of the procedure. We demonstrate that we can reliably and consistently perform needle insertion in the domain of retinal surgery, specifically in performing retinal vein cannulation. Using cadaveric pig eyes, we demonstrate that our system can navigate to target veins within 22$μm$ XY accuracy and perform the entire procedure in less than 35 seconds on average, and all 24 trials performed on 4 pig eyes were successful. Preliminary comparison study against a human operator show that our system is consistently more accurate and safer, especially during safety-critical needle-tissue interactions. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this work accomplishes a first demonstration of autonomous retinal vein cannulation at a clinically-relevant setting using animal tissues.
Discovery and Early Clinical Development of 2-{6-[2-(3,5-Dichloro-4-pyridyl)acetyl]-2,3-dimethoxyphenoxy}-N-propylacetamide (LEO 29102), a Soft-Drug Inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase 4 for Topical Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis (2014)

Development of orally available phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors as anti-inflammatory drugs has been going on for decades. However, only roflumilast has received FDA approval. One key challenge has been the low therapeutic window observed in the clinic for PDE4 inhibitors, primarily due to PDE4 mediated side effects. Here we describe our approach to circumvent this issue by applying a soft-drug concept in the design of a topically acting PDE4 inhibitor for treatment of dermatological diseases. We used a fast follower approach, starting from piclamilast. In particular, simultaneous introduction of 2'-alkoxy substituents and changing an amide to a keto linker proved to be beneficial when designing potential soft-drug candidates. This effort culminated in identification of LEO 29102 (20), a potent, selective, and soft-drug PDE4 inhibitor with properties suitable for patient-friendly formulations giving efficient drug delivery to the skin. Compound 20 has reached phase 2 and demonstrated clinically relevant efficacy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
A Highly Efficient Procedure for 3‐Sulfenylation of Indole‐2‐carboxylates. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Supplementary Table from Identification of the Genes Up- and Down-Regulated by the High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) Proteins (2023)

Supplementary Table from Identification of the Genes Up- and Down-Regulated by the High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) Proteins
The Impact of Services on Economic Complexity: Service Sophistication as Route for Economic Growth (2016)

Economic complexity reflects the amount of knowledge that is embedded in the productive structure of an economy. By combining tools from network science and econometrics, a robust and stable relationship between a country's productive structure and its economic growth has been established. Here we report that not only goods but also services are important for predicting the rate at which countries will grow. By adopting a terminology which classifies manufactured goods and delivered services as products, we investigate the influence of services on the country's productive structure. In particular, we provide evidence that complexity indices for services are in general higher than those for goods, which is reflected in a general tendency to rank countries with developed service sector higher than countries with economy centred on manufacturing of goods. By focusing on country dynamics based on experimental data, we investigate the impact of services on the economic complexity of countries measured in the product space (consisting of both goods and services). Importantly, we show that diversification of service exports and its sophistication can provide an additional route for economic growth in both developing and developed countries.
High two-photon cross-sections in bis(diarylaminostyryl) chromophores with electron-rich heterocycle and bis(heterocycle)vinylene bridges (2007)

Chromophores in which vinylene units and either pyrrole or dialkoxythiophene groups form the bridge between two diarylaminophenyl groups exhibit two-photon cross-sections of 1000-5000 GM at 600-650 nm.
Evaluation of the Interaction of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 with Activator p25 and with p25-Derived Inhibitor CIP (2010)

A high-affinity inhibitor protein called CIP, produced by small truncations of p35, was experimentally identified. P35 is a physiological activator of the cyclin-dependent kinase cdk5. P25 is derived from proteolytic truncation of p35 within "stressed" neurons, and it is associated with the hyperphosphorylation of specific neuronal proteins, typically occurring in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Here, we report a study of the binding mechanisms of the cdk5-p25 and cdk5-CIP complexes. This provides a better understanding of the source of the inhibitory activity of the protein CIP. We use a geometry-based technique to test the hypothesis that p25's truncation increases the flexibility of CIP and thus prevents cdk5 from reaching its active conformation. Our study is based on a geometry-based alignment algorithm, which aligns two given protein conformations with respect to their interfaces. Our results support the flexibility hypothesis and will be used as a basis for targeted molecular dynamics simulations.
Performance analysis of dual-hop AF relay systems with interference-limited destination in Nakagami-m/Rician fading channels (2012)

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a dual-hop fixed-gain amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system in the presence of co-channel interference (CCI) at the destination. The analysis assumes a noise-limited relay and an interference-limited destination. Furthermore, the source-relay and the relay-destination channels of the desired user are assumed to be Nakagami-m distributed and the interferers' channels are assumed to follow the Rician distribution. We derive approximate closed-form expressions for the outage probability and the average symbol error rate (SER) for the proposed system. Both, the independent non-identical distributed (i.n.d.) and the independent identical distributed (i.i.d.) cases of desired user channels are provided. The Monte Carlo simulations are provided to validate the accuracy of the analytical results. Also, the impact of the interference and other system parameters, such as the fading parameter m and outage probability threshold on the system performance are considered.
Tailoring of field-stop layers in power devices by hydrogen-related donor formation (2016)

Hydrogen-related donors can be formed by using only a moderate thermal budget, so that this process can be used to create field-stop layers in thin power devices. The electrical characteristics of 1200 V IGBTs and diodes provided with such field-stop layers are presented and compared with the characteristics of conventionally processed devices. Moreover, tailoring the field-stop distribution by multi-energy proton implantations offers new opportunities for optimizing the performance of power devices.
FY 89 Acoustics Research (1990)

Abstract : During FY 89, work was performed in the following nine project areas: (a) Bubble related ambient noise in the ocean and bubble clouds and surface reverberation; (b) Acoustically active surfaces; (c) Acoustic scattering by structures; (d) Machinery noise; (e) Propagation physics; (f) Solid state acoustics; (g) Short-range ultrasonic sensing; (h) Electro-rheological fluids; and (i) Transducer development.
Stereo pairs of bright‐field micrographs via Wiener‐type inverse filtering (1992)

In a three-dimensional (3-D) image data set obtained through optical sectioning, each two-dimensional (2-D) segment is blurred by out-of-focus information from neighbouring focal planes superimposed on the in-focus segments from that plane. Instead of attempting to remove this redundant information over the full 3-D data set, we have developed a technique for restoring stereoscopic views. In this paper we describe the implementation of a Wiener-type inverse filtering method for generating stereo pairs of bright-field micrographs. A theoretical optical transfer function valid under certain simplifying approximations has been used in implementing this filtering technique. In developing this method the slice theorem of computed tomography is used. In this way the image reconstruction problem is reduced to one of processing 2-D arrays rather than 3-D arrays and the problem of restoring missing Fourier components within the missing-cone region is circumvented. Limited experimentation with real micrographs shows that the approach provides images that display an effective increased depth of field and 3-D attributes of the specimen, even though some of the underlying assumptions on which this method is based are difficult to verify explicitly. The method can be implemented with a relatively fast execution time on 386-SX computers.
A CD123-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, IMGN632, designed to eradicate AML while sparing normal bone marrow cells (2018)

The outlook for patients with refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains poor, with conventional chemotherapeutic treatments often associated with unacceptable toxicities, including severe infections due to profound myelosuppression. Thus there exists an urgent need for more effective agents to treat AML that confer high therapeutic indices and favorable tolerability profiles. Because of its high expression on leukemic blast and stem cells compared with normal hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors, CD123 has emerged as a rational candidate for molecularly targeted therapeutic approaches in this disease. Here we describe the development and preclinical characterization of a CD123-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), IMGN632, that comprises a novel humanized anti-CD123 antibody G4723A linked to a recently reported DNA mono-alkylating payload of the indolinobenzodiazepine pseudodimer (IGN) class of cytotoxic compounds. The activity of IMGN632 was compared with X-ADC, the ADC utilizing the G4723A antibody linked to a DNA crosslinking IGN payload. With low picomolar potency, both ADCs reduced viability in AML cell lines and patient-derived samples in culture, irrespective of their multidrug resistance or disease status. However, X-ADC exposure was >40-fold more cytotoxic to the normal myeloid progenitors than IMGN632. Of particular note, IMGN632 demonstrated potent activity in all AML samples at concentrations well below levels that impacted normal bone marrow progenitors, suggesting the potential for efficacy in AML patients in the absence of or with limited myelosuppression. Furthermore, IMGN632 demonstrated robust antitumor efficacy in multiple AML xenograft models. Overall, these findings identify IMGN632 as a promising candidate for evaluation as a novel therapy in AML.
Neural Network Diagnosis Of Avascular Necrosis From Magnetic Resonance Images (2005)

A vascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a common yet potentially serious disorder which can be detected in its very early stages with magnetic resonance imaging. We have developed multi-layer perceptron networks, trained with conjugate gradient optimization, which diagnose AVN from single magnetic resonance images of the femoral head with 100% accuracy on training data and 97% accuracy on test data.
Micro-Mesh Construction (2023)

Micro-meshes (μ-meshes) are a new structured graphics primitive supporting a large increase in geometric fidelity, without commensurate memory and run-time processing costs, consisting of a base mesh enriched by a displacement map. A new generation of GPUs supports this structure with native hardware μ-mesh ray-tracing, that leverages a self-bounding, compressed displacement mapping scheme to achieve these efficiencies. In this paper, we present anautomatic method to convert an existing multi-million triangle mesh into this compact format, unlocking the advantages of the data representation for a large number of scenarios. We identify the requirements for high-quality μ-meshes, and show how existing re-meshing and displacement-map baking tools are ill-suited for their generation. Our method is based on a simplification scheme tailored to the generation of high-quality base meshes , optimized for tessellation and displacement sampling, in conjunction with algorithms for determining displacement vectors to control the direction and range of displacements. We also explore the optimization of μ-meshes for texture maps and the representation of boundaries. We demonstrate our method with extensive batch processing, converting an existing collection of high-resolution scanned models to the micro-mesh representation, providing an open-source reference implementation, and, as additional material, the data and an inspection tool.
Flexible and Robust Transmission for Physical Layer Signaling of ATSC 3.0 (2016)

The physical layer [layer-1 (L1)] signaling (L1 signaling) of Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 is studied. In the new digital broadcasting system, ATSC 3.0, L1 signaling is designed to be more efficient but still robust compared with preceding standards such as DVB-T2. We introduce the error protection scheme of ATSC 3.0 in detail. Especially advanced methods newly employed in ATSC 3.0 are investigated with regard to its purpose and benefit in comparison to conventional DVB-T2.
Superior output linearity of optimized double heterostructure vertical-cavity top-emitting lasers (1995)

Optimized double heterostructure (DH) vertical-cavity top-emitting lasers are grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Both the doping profile and the laser structure are optimized to achieve high performance. Continuous wave 2 mW output power at room temperature is obtained for nominal 10 μm diam DH vertical-cavity top-emitting injection lasers. A single fundamental longitudinal and transverse mode is maintained up to 1.7 mW. It lases in continuous waves at a temperature of 80 °C. A lasing power range of ∼0.8 mW is sustained within a 10% change in the output linearity, which is much larger than a value of less than 0.1 mW for quantum well lasers. This demonstrates that its output linearity is far more superior than the one of compared quantum well lasers, which is explained in detail.
Selective gene delivery in dendritic cells with mannosylated and histidylated lipopolyplexes (2010)

We report for the first time preparation of mannosylated and histidylated lipopolyplexes (Man-LPD100) with uptake and transfection selectivity for dendritic cells (DCs). Man-LPD100 were prepared by addition of mannosylated and histidylated liposomes (Man-Lip100) on preformed PEGylated histidylated polylysine/DNA polyplexes. Man-Lip100 comprised a cationic [O,O-dioleyl-N-(3N-(N-methylimidazolium iodide)propylene) phosphoramidate)] lipid, a neutral [O,O-dioleyl-N-histamine Phosphoramidate] co-lipid and β-D-mannopyranosyl-N-dodecylhexadecanamide (Man-lipid). At the best, Man-Lip100 containing 11 mol % Man-lipid was obtained. We found that dialysis of liposomes completely abolished cytotoxicity. We showed that the uptake of Man(11)-LPD100 by the murine DC line (DC2.4 cells) was at least 10-fold higher than that of Lac(6)-LPD100. A confocal microscopy study with DC2.4 cells expressing Rab5-EGFP or Rab7-EGFP, revealed that DNA uptake occurred through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The transfection of DC2.4 cells with Man(11)-LPD100 containing DNA encoding luciferase gene gave luciferase activity two to three times higher (9 × 10(5) RLU/mg protein) than with non-mannosylated LPD100. In contrast to the latter, it was inhibited by 90% in the presence of mannose. Overall, the results indicate that mannosylated and histidylated LPD is a promising system for a selective DNA delivery in DCs.
Path planning for autonomous vehicles using model predictive control (2017)

Path planning for autonomous vehicles in dynamic environments is an important but challenging problem, due to the constraints of vehicle dynamics and existence of surrounding vehicles. Typical trajectories of vehicles involve different modes of maneuvers, including lane keeping, lane change, ramp merging, and intersection crossing. There exist prior arts using the rule-based high-level decision making approaches to decide the mode switching. Instead of using explicit rules, we propose a unified path planning approach using Model Predictive Control (MPC), which automatically decides the mode of maneuvers. To ensure safety, we model surrounding vehicles as polygons and develop a type of constraints in MPC to enforce the collision avoidance between the ego vehicle and surrounding vehicles. To achieve comfortable and natural maneuvers, we include a lane-associated potential field in the objective function of the MPC. We have simulated the proposed method in different test scenarios and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in automatically generating reasonable maneuvers while guaranteeing the safety of the autonomous vehicle.