gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning for Joint MIMO Detection and Channel Decoding (2018)

We propose a deep-learning approach for the joint MIMO detection and channel decoding problem. Conventional MIMO receivers adopt a model-based approach for MIMO detection and channel decoding in linear or iterative manners. However, due to the complex MIMO signal model, the optimal solution to the joint MIMO detection and channel decoding problem (i.e., the maximum likelihood decoding of the transmitted codewords from the received MIMO signals) is computationally infeasible. As a practical measure, the current model-based MIMO receivers all use suboptimal MIMO decoding methods with affordable computational complexities. This work applies the latest advances in deep learning for the design of MIMO receivers. In particular, we leverage deep neural networks (DNN) with supervised training to solve the joint MIMO detection and channel decoding problem. We show that DNN can be trained to give much better decoding performance than conventional MIMO receivers do. Our simulations show that a DNN implementation consisting of seven hidden layers can outperform conventional model-based linear or iterative receivers. This performance improvement points to a new direction for future MIMO receiver design.
Structure of hypothetical Mo-cofactor biosynthesis protein B (ST2315) fromSulfolobus tokodaii (2009)

The structure of a probable Mo-cofactor biosynthesis protein B from Sulfolobus tokodaii, belonging to space group P6(4)22 with unit-cell parameters a = b = 136.68, c = 210.52 A, was solved by molecular replacement to a resolution of 1.9 A and refined to an R factor and R(free) of 16.8% and 18.5%, respectively. The asymmetric unit contains a trimer, while the biologically significant oligomer is predicted to be a hexamer by size-exclusion chromatography. The subunit structure and fold of ST2315 are similar to those of other enzymes that are known to be involved in the molybdopterin- and molybdenum cofactor-biosynthesis pathways.
Aplastic Anemia, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, and Pure Red Cell Aplasia (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Literature search Exclusion criteria Inclusion criteria Aplastic anemia Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Pure red cell aplasia References
Network Coding-Aware Queue Management for TCP Flows Over Coded Wireless Networks (2014)

In this paper, we are interested in improving the performance of TCP flows over wireless networks with a given constructive intersession network coding scheme. We are motivated by the observation that TCP does not fully exploit the potential of the underlying network coding opportunities. In order to improve the performance of TCP flows over coded wireless networks, without introducing changes to TCP itself, we propose a network-coding aware queue management scheme (NCAQM) that is implemented at intermediate network coding nodes and bridges the gap between network coding and TCP rate control. The design of NCAQM is grounded on the network utility maximization (NUM) framework and includes the following mechanisms. NCAQM: 1) stores coded packets at intermediate nodes in order to use the buffer space more efficiently; 2) determines what fraction of the flows should be coded together; and 3) drops packets at intermediate nodes so that it matches the rates of parts of different TCP flows that are coded together. We demonstrate, via simulation, that NCAQM significantly improves TCP throughput compared to TCP over baseline queue management schemes.
Modulation Strategies for Mutually Commutated Isolated Three-Phase Converter Systems (2006)

Converter structures consisting of a voltage source converter and a cycloconverter connected by a medium frequency transformer have several attractive properties. Bidirectional AC/DC conversion as well as voltage transformation and isolation by the MF transformer can be achieved. Furthermore, by consistently commutating the two converters in alternation it is possible to achieve soft switching for all semiconductor devices. However the demand for soft switching imposes certain restrictions concerning the modulation of the converter system that may adversely affect the harmonic properties of the AC side voltage. Unlike conventional VSC modulation the modulation of the studied converters is heavily dependent on the load angle. Various possible modulation schemes are described in detail. In particular a new space vector-based modulation method derived by adapting a method originally developed for quasi-resonant DC link converters is presented. The studied modulation schemes are compared and evaluated in terms of the output voltage harmonic distortion and the RMS transformer current. The comparison shows that the presented SVM-based method gives superior performance in almost all operating points. An exception is operation at load angles near plusmnpi/2 rad and intermediate modulation depth. Under these circumstances the harmonic properties deteriorate due to an increased production of low frequency harmonics
Absence of a Structural Basis for Intracellular Recognition and Differential Localization of Nuclear and Plasma Membrane-Associated Forms of Simian Virus 40 Large Tumor Antigen (1986)

The simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (T-ag) is found in both the nuclei (nT-ag) and plasma membranes (mT-ag) of simian virus 40-infected or -transformed cells. It is not known how newly synthesized T-ag molecules are recognized, sorted, and transported to their ultimate subcellular destinations. One possibility is that these events depend upon structural differences between nT-ag and mT-ag. To test this possibility, we compared the structures of nT-ag and mT-ag from simian virus 40-infected cells. No differences between the two forms of T-ag were detected by migration in polyacrylamide gels, by Staphylococcus aureus V8 partial proteolytic mapping of methionine- or proline-containing peptides, or by two-dimensional tryptic peptide mapping of methionine-containing peptides. The carboxy-terminal, methionine-containing tryptic peptide was identified in the two-dimensional maps and was shown to be identical in nT-ag and mT-ag. Thus, a structural basis for the recognition and differential localization of T-ags could not be demonstrated. The carboxy terminus of the T-ag encoded by mutant dlA2413 is derived from the alternate open reading frame of the simian virus 40 early region, in analogy with the theoretical early gene product, T*-ag. We used this mutant to identify peptides unique to T*-ag. None of these peptides were detected in maps of mT-ag; only wild-type T-ag-specific peptides were found. These findings suggest that T*-ag does not represent the membrane-associated form of T-ag, but that mT-ag is encoded within the same reading frame used for nT-ag.
Pin-shape assessment for interlayer-cooled chip stacks with periodic boundary condition modeling (2010)

Volumetric heat removal in high-performance 3D chip stacks can be performed by means of interlayer cooling. The heat is absorbed in water, which is pumped in the liquid phase into the cavities between the active layers. Individual through-silicon vias (TSV), which maintain the electrical communication between the layers, are embedded into silicon pins in the fluid cavity. Thousands of these TSVs are arranged on an equidistant grid. The mass transfer and consequently the heat removal strongly depend on the silicon pin-shape, which were assessed in this study. To predict the temperature field in a 3D chip-stack multi-scale, modeling approaches were proposed [6, 7, 8]. In a detailed subdomain model of the fluid cavity, the characteristic parameters, such as permeability and convective thermal resistance, are derived from a conjugate heat and masstransfer analysis. Thanks to the periodic arrangement of the pin fins only one unit cell with periodic hydrodynamic and thermal boundary conditions has to be modeled. Unfortunately, commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers only provide periodic hydrodynamic boundary conditions. Therefore we demonstrate the implementation of periodic thermal boundary conditions for cases with imposed heat flux. At the fluid boundaries only convective energy transport is considered, whereas at the solid boundaries heat conduction is implemented. User Fortran routines are used to fetch and interpolate fluid temperature fields from the fluid outlet to the inlet, whereby the temperature gained within the unit cell is subtracted. The heat flux at the solid boundary is adjusted in a control loop with respect to the average fluid outlet to inlet temperature difference. These routines are called in the solver loop. Therefore the model only has to converge once. Compared with the classical approach with nonperiodic boundary conditions but multiple unit cells, a speed-up factor of 30 with a difference of at most 2 % could be obtained. Using this method, we computed the permeability and convective thermal resistance of circular, square, super-elliptic, and drop-shaped pins, with a pitch and height of 100 µm and a pressure gradient range of 1×106 to 1×107 Pa/m. The results are also compared with those obtained for parallel plates as well as with microchannel parameters derived from correlations. A pin-shape assessment was then performed for realistic fluid-cavity dimensions at a varying power map contrast. The “channel-walk-method” was used to define the maximum junction temperature for a given pressure drop and pin shape. For a peak-to-background heat-flux ratio of 1.5, the fluid temperature increase dominates the thermal budget. Therefore heat-transfer geometries with high permeability, such as parallel plates, perform best. At a higher heat-flux contrast of 5, the temperature increase caused by the convective thermal resistance at hotspot locations becomes significant. We could show that in this case drop-shaped pins, which offer a trade-off in terms of permeability and convective thermal resistance are superior.
A Grouping Genetic Algorithm (SIMOGGAs) simultaneously to solve two grouping problems applied to the cell formation problem with alternative process plans (2006)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Blood Pressure Responses to Endovascular Stimulation: A Potential Therapy for Autonomic Disorders With Vasodilatation (2016)

Endovascular Stimulation for Treatment of Hypotension Background We have previously shown that sympathetic ganglia stimulation via the renal vein rapidly increases blood pressure. This study further investigated the optimal target sites and effective energy levels for stimulation of the renal vasculatures and nearby sympathetic ganglia for rapid increase in blood pressure. Methods The pre‐study protocol for endovascular stimulations included 2 minutes of stimulation (1–150 V and 10 pulses per second) and at least 2 minutes of rest during poststimulation. If blood pressure and/or heart rate were changed during the stimulation, time to return to baseline was allowed prior to the next stimulation. Results In 11 acute canine studies, we performed 85 renal artery, 30 renal vein, and 8 hepatic vasculature stimulations. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) rapidly increased during stimulation of renal artery (95 ± 18 mmHg vs. 103 ± 15 mmHg; P &lt; 0.0001), renal vein (90 ± 16 mmHg vs. 102 ± 20 mmHg; P = 0.001), and hepatic vasculatures (74 ± 8 mmHg vs. 82 ± 11 mmHg; P = 0.04). Predictors of a significant increase in MAP were energy &gt;10 V focused on the left renal artery, bilateral renal arteries, and bilateral renal veins (especially the mid segment). Overall, heart rate was unchanged, but muscle fasciculation was observed in 22.0% with an output &gt;10 V (range 15–150 V). Analysis after excluding the stimulations that resulted in fasciculation yielded similar results to the main findings. Conclusions Stimulation of intra‐abdominal vasculatures promptly increased the MAP and thus may be a potential treatment option for hypotension in autonomic disorders. Predictors of optimal stimulation include energy delivery and the site of stimulation (for the renal vasculatures), which informs the design of subsequent research.
Identification of inhibitors for MDM2 ubiquitin ligase activity from natural products by a novel high throughput electrochemiluminescent screen (2007)

C55 High throughput screening technologies have revolutionized the manner in which potential therapeutics are identified. One casualty of the move to high throughput screening technologies has been the widespread disappearance of natural product extracts from pharmaceutical screening programs. Though they are the source of lead compounds for ~65% of anticancer and antimicrobial drugs approved by the FDA between 1981-2002, natural products have often been excluded from modern screening programs. This is due, at least in part, to the inherent difficulties in testing complex extract mixtures, which often contain nuisance compounds, in modern bioassay systems. Here we present a novel electrochemiluminescent assay system that is suitable for testing natural product extracts in high throughput screening systems. To demonstrate its utility, we have developed a screen for inhibition of E3 (ubiquitin ligase) activity utilizing the cancer-relevant molecular target MDM2. Additional screens for inhibition of XIAP, MuRF1 and Nedd4 were also developed to assess specificity. The assays were used to screen over 144,000 natural product extracts. We identified one natural product sempervirine that inhibited MDM2 auto-ubiquitination in vitro and in cells. The compound also inhibited MDM2-mediated p53 degradation, leading to accumulation and activation of p53 in cells. Moreover, sempervirine preferentially induced apoptosis in transformed cells that expressing wild type p53, suggesting that it could be a potential leads for anti-cancer therapeutics.
A 3.7×3.7mm² 310.9mW 105.2msec 512×512-Pixel Phase-Only Correlation Processor (2005)

The image recognition processor we propose implements the phase-only correlation (POC) algorithm. Its arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) is dynamically reconfigurable to any necessary circuitry for POC by itself. 2-stage cached-memory architecture (CMA) is developed so that high-radix batch processing is possible. By transforming the original POC algorithm into the optimum form for the dynamically reconfigurable ALU and 2-stage CMA, the proposed processor executes two-dimensional 512×512 pixel image recognition within 105.2msec and 310.9mW at 80MHz in an area 3.7×3.7mm². Its power consumption is over 11.3 times lower than that of previously reported work.
Therapeutic Effects of Phyllanthus Species: Induction of TNF-α-mediated Apoptosis in HepG2 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells (2006)

Phyllanthus species, especially P. amarus is a medicinal plant with hepatoprotective activity, believed to occur in part by inhibiting hepatitis B virus function. The pathogenesis mechanism of viral hepatitis is closely related to hepatocyte necrosis apoptosis. The aim of our study was to investigate the in vitro effects of extracts from three Phyllanthus species, P. urinaria, P. amarus and P. debilis in regulating cell proliferation and gene expression activities of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. All three Phyllanthus species significantly inhibited the proliferation of the HepG2 cells. In addition, the extracts induced apoptosis by inducing caspase-3. Further confirmation of extract-induced apoptosis was obtained by demonstrating that the Bcl-2/Bax ratio decreased in response to treatment with the extracts. We next determined the mechanism by which the Phyllanthus extracts induced apoptosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that TNF-α not only induces apoptotic signals but also causes antiapoptotic and regenerative responses in hepatocytes, the mechanism involving induction of IL-8. Real Time PCR analyses demonstrated that the extracts significantly inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression, while inducing the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α. Reporter assays using the luciferase constructs containing COX-2 promoter region demonstrated that the extracts inhibited transcription of the gene. Since the extracts inhibited IL-8 expression, while inducing TNF-α, the cells were treated with the extracts in the presence of exogenous TNF-α. While TNF-α only showed a modest effect by itself, it was synergistic with the extracts in inducing apoptosis of the cells. These findings demonstrate that Phyllanthus extracts induce TNF-α production from the hepatocellular carcinoma cells while inhibiting production of potent anti-apoptotic genes IL-8 and COX-2.
Co-Propagating Dual-Order Distributed Raman Amplifier Utilizing Incoherent Pumping (2017)

We propose a distributed Raman amplifier available for dual-order co-propagating configuration with low-relative intensity noise (RIN) transfer. The first-order and second-order pumps are composed of incoherent and coherent light sources, respectively. By using the incoherent light source as a first-order pump, RIN transfer can be reduced. A semiconductor optical amplifier-based first-order incoherent light source for the configuration has been developed. The results of the RIN measurement and 22.5-Gbaud polarization-division multiplexing 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (PDM-16QAM) transmission experiment over 2720 km in a re-circulating loop show that the proposed configuration will be effective for a practical low-noise co-propagating Raman amplifier.
Isotopic Enrichment by Asymmetric Deuteriation. An Investigation of the Synthesis of Deuteriated (S)-(−)-Methylsuccinic Acids from Itaconic Acid (1996)

Two different asymmetric hydrogenation methodologies based on gaseous hydrogen at 1 atm pressure and transfer hydrogenation from the decomposition of formic acid, in the presence of a rhodium catalyst, have been used to prepare (S)-(−)-methylsuccinic acid enriched with the deuterium isotope. NMR and mass spectroscopic evidence indicates that complex labeling occurs. We interpret this labeling pattern as the result of an equilibrium which exists between the olefin and a catalyst-alkyl intermediate in a Wilkinson-type mechanism. This phenomenon has not been reported in similar experiments with (E)-phenylitaconic acid where the expected cis-addition of deuterium from either deuterium gas at 1 atm, or deuteriated formic acid under transfer hydrogenation conditions, was observed. In our studies reducing itaconic acid (methylenebutanedioic acid), there was no loss of asymmetric induction (above 90% ee), approximately 2.4 deuterons were incorporated into (S)-(−)-methylsuccinic acid, a ratio of 1.8:1 methyl:methine deuteriation was observed, and there was no evidence for olefin isomerization into conjugation with both carboxylic acid groups. Following these isotopic enrichment studies, we present the first evidence for reversible transfer addition of deuterium to methylsuccinic acid, either by gaseous or transfer hydrogenation at atmospheric pressure. Such a mechanism has recently been eliminated for reduction at elevated pressures. These results have general applicability to the synthesis of isotopically labeled homochiral substituted carboxylic acids and also in interpreting the 13C NMR data which are generated by the simultaneous presence of several deuterium containing isotopomers.
Multivalent S2-based vaccines provide broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and pangolin coronaviruses (2022)

NIH, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Garry Betty/ V Foundation Chair Fund, and NSF.
Simultaneous Reduction of NOX and Soot in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine by Instantaneous Mixing of Fuel and Water (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Meeting diesel engine emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles can be achieved by simultaneous injection of fuel and water. An injection system for instantaneous mixing of fuel and water in the combustion chamber has been developed by injecting water in a mixing passage located in the periphery of the fuel spray. The fuel spray is then entrained by water and hot air before it burns.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The experimental work was carried out on a Rapid Compression Machine and on a Komatsu direct-injection heavy-duty diesel engine with a high pressure common rail fuel injection system. It was also supported by Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations of the injection and combustion processes in order to evaluate the effect of water vapor distribution on cylinder temperature and NO&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt; formation. It has been concluded that when the water injection is appropriately timed, the combustion speed is slower and the cylinder temperature lower than in conventional diesel combustion. The result is drastic NO&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt; reduction with a simultaneous decrease of soot emissions. The computational results are in agreement with experimental measurements and provide detailed information on the mixing process.&lt;/div&gt;
Fabrication of efficient microaxicon by direct electron-beam lithography for long nondiffracting distance of Bessel beams for optical manipulation (2005)

We demonstrate a fabrication technique in the realization of microaxicon by single-step processing via electron-beam lithography. Microaxicon is used for the generation of propagation-invariant Bessel beams which find tremendous applications in optical trapping. The proposed technique is a simple, reliable, and reproducible method for the production of high-quality Bessel beams with long propagation-invariant distances, in our configuration, in excess of 20cm. Such Bessel beams with long nondiffracting distances are essential for optical tweezers systems in many cases.
Uniformity of Al 2 O 3 ‐ZrO 2 Composites by Colloidal Filtration (1983)

Dispersion states of aqueous composite Al 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 colloidal suspensions were studied by measuring particle size distribution as a function of pH. Mutual dispersion was achieved at pH values of 2.0 to 3.5. Consolidated composites formed by colloidal filtration reflected the uniformity of the colloidal state. The mean flexural strength (896 MPa) of the sintered compacts was 1.6 times that of bodies consolidated by isostatic pressing .
Wide-band microwave propagation parameters using circular and linear polarized antennas for indoor wireless channels (1992)

Results of experiments using a variety of antennas inside several buildings are presented. Path loss models for the 1.3 GHz and 4.0 GHz bands that show little difference in indoor path loss throughout the low-microwave region are discussed. Results show that line-of-sight (LOS) channels offer significantly more cross-polarization discrimination than obstructed channels. A profound result is that directional circularly polarized (CP) antennas always reduce RMS delay spread when compared to omnidirectional and directional linearly polarized (LP) antennas in LOS. The variation of RMS delay spread as a mobile moves over several wavelengths is also greatly reduced when CP antennas are used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>