gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capacity of Large-Scale CSMA Wireless Networks (2011)

In the literature, asymptotic studies of multihop wireless network capacity often consider only centralized and deterministic time-division multiple-access (TDMA) coordination schemes. There have been fewer studies of the asymptotic capacity of large-scale wireless networks based on carrier-sensing multiple access (CSMA), which schedules transmissions in a distributed and random manner. With the rapid and widespread adoption of CSMA technology, a critical question is whether CSMA networks can be as scalable as TDMA networks. To answer this question and explore the capacity of CSMA networks, we first formulate the models of CSMA protocols to take into account the unique CSMA characteristics not captured by existing interference models in the literature. These CSMA models determine the feasible states, and consequently the capacity of CSMA networks. We then study the throughput efficiency of CSMA scheduling as compared to TDMA. Finally, we tune the CSMA parameters so as to maximize the throughput to the optimal order. As a result, we show that CSMA can achieve throughput as Ω([1/√( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> )]), the same order as optimal centralized TDMA, on uniform random networks. Our CSMA scheme makes use of an efficient backbone-peripheral routing scheme and a careful design of dual carrier-sensing and dual channel scheme. We also address implementation issues of our CSMA scheme.
Interpolation with nonuniform B-splines (2004)

We consider the problem of interpolating a continuous-time signal from a set of uniformly spaced discrete-time samples. One of the prime methods of interpolation is based on the use of uniform B-splines. We introduce a new interpolation approach using nonuniform B-splines as interpolation kernels. We show, both theoretically and through simulation results, that using nonuniform B-splines for interpolation of a signal from uniform samples can result in a higher quality of interpolation with respect to uniform B-splines, at the same computational cost.
Electrochemical Sensing of Aptamer‐Protein Interactions Using a Magnetic Particle Assay and Single‐Use Sensor Technology (2009)

Abstract A magnetic particle assay has been designed herein that can report the interactions of DNA aptamers with their cognate protein targets lysozyme (LYS) and human thrombin (THR). Electrochemical sensing of the biomolecular recognition between each aptamer and its target was explored by using a disposable graphite electrode, PGE, in combination with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The magnitudes of the oxidation signals of LYS and THR were measured at +780 mV and +680 mV, respectively, after interaction with the cognate aptamers attached to the surface of magnetic particles. The detection limits estimated for signal to noise ratios above 3.0 correspond to the concentrations of 10.77 μg/mL LYS (769 nM) and 2.00 μg/mL THR (54.5 nM). Our aptamer based approach that combines magnetic particles with a disposable graphite electrode performs well compared to other aptamer‐based sensor‐formats for quantitative protein detection with respect to sensitivity, selectivity, detection limit, and reproducibility.
GPS-limited cooperative localization using scalable approximate decentralized data fusion (2018)

This work addresses the problem of communication-based autonomous vehicle cooperative inertial navigation and localization in GPS-challenged environments. Specifically, we examine decentralized state estimation strategies that allow vehicles to opportunistically augment their onboard navigation filters with moving maps obtained from exchanged relative sensing and dynamic target tracking information between vehicles. While decentralized state estimation theoretically allows agents to share information efficiently with one another in a scalable, asynchronous, and ad hoc manner, several key technical issues arise. Firstly, augmentation of each vehicles navigation filters for decentralized estimation requires maintaining correlations between ownship vehicle pose states, ownship nuisance states (e.g. rate gyro biases), and pose states for all other tracked vehicles; this leads to expensive and unscalable onboard filtering requirements. Secondly, the use of distinct strapdown navigation and target tracking models onboard each vehicle implies that decentralized state estimation must occur across heterogeneous state space models; this case is usually not handled by conventional decentralized estimation theory. We present two novel strategies for addressing these problems in the context of cooperative navigation: the approximate channel filter, and factorized covariance intersection. We provide simulated examples to illustrate these approaches in simplified and realistic cooperative navigation settings, including a cooperative UAV-UGV navigation application based on recorded UAV flight data.
Study of nerve cell regeneration on nanofibers containing cerium oxide nanoparticles in a spinal cord injury model in rats (2023)

Since the CNS is unable to repair itself via neuronal regeneration in adult mammals, alternative therapies need to be found. The use of cerium oxide nanoparticles to repair nerve damage could be a promising approach for spinal cord reconstruction. In this study, we constructed a scaffold containing cerium oxide nanoparticles (Scaffold-CeO<sub>2</sub>) and investigated the rate of nerve cell regeneration in a rat model of spinal cord injury. The scaffold of gelatin and polycaprolactone was synthesized, and a gelatin solution containing cerium oxide nanoparticles was attached to the scaffold. For the animal study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10): (a) Control; (b) Spinal cord injury (SCI); (c) Scaffold (SCI + scaffold without CeO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles); (d) Scaffold-CeO<sub>2</sub> (SCI + scaffold containing CeO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles). After creation of a hemisection SCI, scaffolds were placed at the site of injury in groups c and d, and after 7 weeks the rats were subjected to behavioral tests and then sacrificed for preparation of the spinal cord tissue to measure the expression of G-CSF, Tau and Mag proteins by Western blotting and Iba-1 protein by immunohistochemistry. The result of behavioral tests confirmed motor improvement and pain reduction in the Scaffold-CeO<sub>2</sub> group compared to the SCI group. Decreased expression of Iba-1 and higher expression of Tau and Mag in the Scaffold-CeO<sub>2</sub> group compared to the SCI group could be the result of nerve regeneration caused by the scaffold containing CeONPs as well as relief of pain symptoms.
Phase-Locked Loops Demystified (2007)

Over the past decade, Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs) have become an integral part of the modern ASIC design. PLLs provide the clocks that sequence the operation of the various blocks on an ASIC chip as well as synthesize their communications. There are various types of PLLs targeting specific applications. Clock generator PLLs are capable of large frequency multiplication. They are primarily used to generate clocks for digital logic. Deskew PLLs are used to eliminate clock skew between two clock domains. They are often used in older synchronous chip-tochip IO applications. Spread spectrum PLLs slowly vary the clock frequency in order to spread a clock's electro-magnetic (EM) signature over a frequency band, thereby reducing the maximum emitted EM power at any frequency. Spread spectrum PLLs are used in many consumer products such as PCs, PDAs, etc. It is essential that PLLs be carefully specified, designed, and verified. A poorly designed or improperly used PLL can cause substantial delay in product launch or, in the worst case, total product failure. PLL architectures are generally grouped into two categories: wide-band and narrow-band. These definitions are mainly based on the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) topologies implemented. Narrow-band PLLs generally employ the resonant characteristic of inductors and capacitors to create the VCO. They are typically used in communications applications that place stringent long-term jitter requirements on the PLL. The improved long-term jitter performance of narrowband PLLs is offset by the narrow frequency tuning range. Typically the tuning range is only 10-20% of the center frequency. A large chip area is also consumed in realizing the inductors. Furthermore, the inductance value will vary from chip to chip as a result of variations in the manufacturing process. The combination of narrow tuning range and varying inductance value necessitates extensive characterization of the VCO to ensure the target frequency range can be met across all operating PVT (process, voltage, temperature). Wide-band PLLs avoid using on chip inductors. The VCOs are commonly built as ring or relaxation oscillators, which use RC delays to establish the clock period. These PLLs have the benefit of a large frequency tuning range (Fmax/Fmin >10X), relatively small on-chip footprint, and potentially low power. However, these benefits are offset by the inferior long-term jitter characteristics of such PLLs. Hence, wide-band PLLs are seldom used in applications with stringent long-term jitter requirements.
XG‐102 administered to healthy male volunteers as a single intravenous infusion: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalating study (2014)

The aim of the study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of the JNK inhibitor XG-102 in a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, sequential ascending dose parallel group Phase 1 Study. Three groups of male subjects received as randomly assigned ascending single XG-102 doses (10, 40, and 80 μg/kg; 6 subjects per dose) or placebo (2 subjects per dose) as an intravenous (IV) infusion over 60 min. Safety and tolerability were assessed by physical examination, vital signs, electrocardiography, eye examination, clinical laboratory tests and adverse events (AEs). PK was analyzed using noncompartmental methods. All reported AEs were mild to moderate and neither their number nor their distribution by System Organ Class suggest a dose relationship. Only headache and fatigue were considered probably or possibly study drug related. Headache frequency was similar for active and placebo, consequently this was not considered to be drug related but probably to study conditions. The other examinations did not show clinically relevant deviations or trends suggesting a XG-102 relationship. Geometric mean half-life was similar among doses, ranging from 0.36 to 0.65 h. Geometric mean XG-102 AUC0-last increased more than linearly with dose, 90% confidence intervals (CIs) did not overlap for the two highest doses. Geometric mean dose normalized C max values suggest a more than linear increase with dose but 90% CIs overlap. It may be concluded that XG-102 single IV doses of 10-80 μg/kg administered over 1 h to healthy male subjects were safe and well tolerated.
Tunable low-pass active filter using active capacitor for multimode standards (2011)

This paper presents a novel tunable low-pass active filter aiming to protect the DVB-H receiver against the signals coming simultaneously from the GSM band and from the Digital dividend band. The filter concept is based on a high order low pass filter at which an active capacitor circuit has been added. This later allows to compensate the overall losses of the filter and makes it tunable for a worldwide usability.
An integrated laboratory for electric machines, power systems, and power electronics (1992)

A new-generation laboratory for electric power is described. The design and operation results are discussed. Examples of experiments are presented. The laboratory provides safe, modern, concept-intensive study of power devices and systems. Experience with the facility demonstrated that it is possible to create an integrated approach to the broad area of power devices, systems, and their control, without compromise of the laboratory experience.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Protective capacities of cell surface-associated proteins of Streptococcus suis mutants deficient in divalent cation-uptake regulators (2009)

Many cell surface-associated, divalent cation-regulated proteins are immunogenic, and some of them confer protection against the bacterial species from which they are derived. In this work, two Streptococcus suis divalent cation uptake regulator genes controlling zinc/manganese and iron uptake (adcR and fur, respectively) were inactivated in order to study the protective capacities of their cell surface-associated proteins. The results obtained showed overexpression of a set of immunogenic proteins (including members of the pneumococcal histidine triad family previously reported to confer protection against streptococcal pathogens) in S. suis adcR mutant cell surface extracts. Likewise, genes encoding zinc transporters, putative virulence factors and a ribosomal protein paralogue related to zinc starvation appeared to be derepressed in this mutant strain. Moreover, protection assays in mice showed that although neither adcR- nor fur-regulated cell surface-associated proteins were sufficient to confer protection in mice, the combination of both adcR- and fur-regulated cell surface-associated proteins is able to confer significant protection (50 %, P=0.038) against a challenge to mice vaccinated with them.
Real-time system development: The programming model of MARS (2002)

The systematic development of fault-tolerant real-time systems with guaranteed timeliness requires an appropriate system architecture and a rigorous design methodology. Those services of the architecture that help to simplify the work of the real-time programmer are described, taking the MARS architecture as an example. Programming in the large activities, i.e., the systematic derivation of task timing parameters from the requirements specification, are then addressed. Programming to meet a time budget is discussed, and the programming interface, the programming environment, and the testing and support tools are presented. The architecture and most of the tools have been implemented and can be demonstrated on a fault-tolerant prototype application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High Resolution Modeling of Coastal Inundation: User Requirements and Current Practice, a Navy Perspective (2007)

The impact of coastal flooding and inundation on Navy operational missions and the existing Navy requirements for resolution and accuracy relevant to coastal inundation are presented. High resolution (less than 500 m) coastal models exercised operationally at the Naval Oceanographic Office are reviewed, summarizing the advantages, disadvantages and typical spatial resolutions of each. The present state of Navy coastal inundation modeling from a research and development perspective is presented along with highlights of planned advances in the near-future. Lastly, the gaps between users, products, data and research and development are illuminated. Fine-scale bathymetry and topography as well as in situ currents for validation are required for accurate, high resolution inundation modeling. Gaps between the needs of Navy users and the type and form of operationally available inundation products are identified and discussed. The need for usability, relocateability, and expediency in the operational setting contribute in large part to the delay in transitioning model capabilities from research and development to operations.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of explosives by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy: Application to imaging (2014)

Detection of explosives has always been an important fact for homeland security. Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging is an emerging, promising candidate in this field. We use time domain THz spectroscopy and we demonstrate that a methodology based on chemometrics is successful for discrimination of explosives and prediction of their concentration in complex samples made by mixture of products.
Lektion 9: Folien- und Plattenwerkzeuge (2017)

No AccessTechnologie der ExtrusionDec 2017Lektion 9: Folien- und PlattenwerkzeugeHelmut Greif, Andreas Limper, Gordon FattmannHelmut Greif, Andreas Limper, Gordon Fattmannhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446436947.009SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2017Pages: 111-121Print ISBN: 978-3-446-43693-0eISBN: 978-3-446-43694-7 Copyright & Permissions© 2017 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Model Fungicidal Monomers, Polymers, and Latices for Paints (1983)

Summary When a biocide is simply mixed into a paint it may subsequently be lost from the painted surface by leaching or vaporization. To overcome this problem several biocidal compounds have been converted to vinyl monomers and subsequently incorporated into homo-, co-, and terpolymers. Latices have been prepared for several systems. Since mildew defacement of painted surfaces is widespread problem, we have concentrated on polymer anchoring of fungicidal compounds and compounds with wide biocidal activity. These included pentachlorophenol, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 2-(4'-thiozoyl)benzimidazole, 3,4',5-tribromosalicylanilide, o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol, o-acrylyl salicylanilide and 2-mercapto-pyridine-N-oxide. The reactivity ratios of the biocidal monomer, pentachlorophenyl acrylate, were obtained with both vinyl acetate and ethyl acrylate. While it is possible that some biocides may function when incorporated into a macromolecule, it seems likely that many biocides must be released from the polymer to be active. Thus, the biocidal monomers were incorporated into the polymers using functions with different hydrolytic propensities. These included,
Interaction of an Endosomolytic Polyamidoamine ISA23 with Vesicles Mimicking Intracellular Membranes: A SANS/EPR Study (2010)

The mechanism of ISA23 · HCl interaction with model membrane vesicles (80-100 nm in diameter) was investigated using EPR in conjunction with SANS. For EPR, 16-DSE was dissolved in the vesicle membrane to measure its dynamics and polarity, whereas a spin-labeled (Tempo)-ISA 23 analogue was used to give a measure of the polymer flexibility. When ISA23 was added to the external vesicle surface, no interaction was found. This observation conflicts with the reported ability to lyse RBC, but is in agreement with recent studies that showed no effect on membrane permeability when a PAA was added to an incubation medium containing isolated lysosomal vesicles. The vesicle-mimetic models used here provide a new and useful tool for studying endosomolytic polymer/membrane interactions.
Ground‐to‐GEO optical feeder links for very high throughput satellite networks: Accent on diversity techniques (2020)

Summary This paper studies the use of optical feeder links in very high throughput satellites (VHTS) networks with emphasis on gateway diversity techniques to mitigate the inherent propagation losses in optical frequencies. Focusing on a GEO scenario, the paper considers a system‐wide approach investigating various challenges of optical feeder links. These include transmission schemes amenable for transparent on‐board processing, optical channel models taking into account blockage by clouds and fading caused by atmospheric turbulence in addition to complexity of on‐board and on‐ground processing. The channel models are then used to dimension the ground segment towards ensuring a given availability percentage (e.g., 99.9%). The channel model and payload complexity further influence the choice of link layer techniques used for counteracting fading due to atmospheric turbulence in the absence of blockage. An elaborate end‐to‐end simulator incorporating the proposed channel models capturing the nuances of various processing blocks like optical‐electrical conversion is developed. The system performance results provide interesting insights and a framework for assessing the feasibility and advantages of optical feeder links in VHTS systems.
Apoptosis and In Vitro Development of Preimplantation Porcine Embryos Derived In Vitro or by Nuclear Transfer1 (2003)

Apoptosis occurs during preimplantation development in both in vivo- and in vitro-produced embryos, and it may contribute to embryonic loss. The present study investigated the development of porcine nuclear transfer (NT) embryos reconstructed by using fetal fibroblasts as compared to embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF). The onset and the frequency of apoptosis in NT and IVF embryos were examined via morphological and nuclear changes and TUNEL assay. The NT blastocysts had a similar number of nuclei as compared to IVF blastocysts and appeared to be morphologically similar. Relative to IVF embryos, the NT embryos had a lower cleavage rate (42.7% vs. 71.0%) and a lower developmental rate (11.1% vs. 28.6%) to the blastocyst stage. The earliest positive TUNEL signals were detected in the NT embryos on Day 5 of culture. The percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis in the NT embryos was higher than that of the IVF embryos and increased with time in vitro. Some of the abnormal morphological changes observed during early development related to apoptosis. Cytoplasmic fragmentation, developmental arrest, and nuclear condensation were typical characteristics of embryos undergoing apoptosis. Some mechanisms of the apoptotic pathway were triggered by changes in the NT embryos. The developmental rates of NT embryos might be improved by identifying specific apoptotic pathways and then intervening in these pathways to improve development.
Advances in transcatheter mitral and tricuspid therapies (2020)

The future appears bright for transcatheter mitral therapies, albeit their place in clinical practice is yet to be clearly defined. Tricuspid transcatheter therapies might address the unmet need of tricuspid regurgitation treatment.
Energy minimization with guaranteed quality of service (2000)

Quality of service (QoS) is one of the key features for new Internet-based multimedia and other applications. meanwhile, energy remains as a big concern for systems that perform such applications. we address the isssue of combining system design concerns and QoS requirements to design systems that can deliver QoS quarantees. In this paper, we discuss how to satisfy QoS requirements and minimize the system's energy consumption. Specifically, we consider the following problem: Given a set of applications each specifying its required amount of computation and service time, how we allocate CPU time and determine the voltage profile on a variable voltage system, such that all the applications' requirements are satisfied and the system's total energy consumption is minimized. We optimally solve several basic cases and propse a dynamic programming procedure for the general case. Simulation shows that the new approach saves 38.75% energy over the system shut-down technique.
A novel class of anti-DNA antibodies identified in BALB/c mice. (1991)

We have characterized four IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from BALB/c mice that bind double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with high affinity. The hydridomas were selected for expression of a member of the VHS107 family. Three of the four cell lines use the VH11 gene and one uses the VH1 gene. These antibodies exhibit many characteristics of pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies. They are high affinity and not broadly crossreactive. Unlike the anti-DNA antibodies in autoimmune mice, they exhibit no somatic mutation in their VH genes. These results demonstrate that somatic mutation of VHS107 genes is not necessary for generating high affinity dsDNA binding. The fact that such antibodies have not previously been reported suggests that they are rare and that their expression may be downregulated in both nonautoimmune and autoimmune individuals.