gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PLGA microspheres for the delivery of a novel subunit TB vaccine (2008)

Biodegradable poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres were prepared using a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation method for the delivery of the subunit tuberculosis vaccine (Ag85B-ESAT-6), a fusion protein of the immunodominant antigens 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6) and antigen 85B (Ag85B). Addition of the cationic lipid dimethyl dioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) and the immunostimulatory trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate (TDB), either separately or in combination, was investigated for the effect on particle size and distribution, antigen entrapment efficiency, in vitro release profiles and in vivo performance. Optimised formulation parameters yielded microspheres within the desired sub-10 microm range (1.50 +/- 0.13 microm), whilst exhibiting a high antigen entrapment efficiency (95 +/- 1.2%) and prolonged release profiles. Although the microsphere formulations induced a cell-mediated immune response and raised specific antibodies after immunisation, this was inferior to the levels achieved with liposomes composed of the same adjuvants (DDA-TDB), demonstrating that liposomes are more effective vaccine delivery systems compared with microspheres.
In Vitro Photodynamic Activity of a Series of Methylene Blue Analogues¶ (2002)

We have synthesized a series of symmetrical phenothiazines in which the methyl groups of methylene blue have been substituted by longer alkyl chains. Intrinsic photosensitizing ability was not altered by increasing the chain length. However, in vitro phototoxicity after 2 h incubation of RIF-1 murine fibrosarcoma cells followed the order n-propyl > n-pentyl > n-butyl > n-hexyl > ethyl > methyl, with ethyl and n-propyl analogues being 14- and 130-fold more phototoxic than methylene blue, respectively. All analogues also had an improved ratio of phototoxicity: dark toxicity (4:1 to 27:1) compared with methylene blue (3:1). Phototoxicity did not correlate with cellular phenothiazine levels, suggesting that the site of subcellular localization may be more important. After 2 h incubation of RIF-1 cells with the phototoxicity LD50 concentration, methylene blue and all analogues were observed to be localized in the lysosomes by fluorescence microscopy. On exposure to light, methylene blue relocalized to the nucleus, the ethyl analogue did not relocalize, whereas the more phototoxic n-propyl - n-hexyl analogues relocalized to the mitochondria. Relocalization to the mitochondria was associated with an octanol: buffer partition coefficient > or = 1. Therefore, the longer-chain analogues of methylene blue show significantly improved phototoxicity in vitro and, in addition, are expected to avoid the problems of mutagenicity associated with the nuclear localization of methylene blue.
Synthesis and thermotropic properties of new green electrochromic ionic liquid crystals (2019)

New liquid crystal viologens, which exhibit green electrochromic behavior in the LC phase, rarely observed for small molecules, have been developed.
Scaffold-mediated BMP-2 minicircle DNA delivery accelerated bone repair in a mouse critical-size calvarial defect model (2016)

Scaffold-mediated gene delivery holds great promise for tissue regeneration. However, previous attempts to induce bone regeneration using scaffold-mediated non-viral gene delivery rarely resulted in satisfactory healing. We report a novel platform with sustained release of minicircle DNA (MC) from PLGA scaffolds to accelerate bone repair. MC was encapsulated inside PLGA scaffolds using supercritical CO2 , which showed prolonged release of MC. Skull-derived osteoblasts transfected with BMP-2 MC in vitro result in higher osteocalcin gene expression and mineralized bone formation. When implanted in a critical-size mouse calvarial defect, scaffolds containing luciferase MC lead to robust in situ protein production up to at least 60 days. Scaffold-mediated BMP-2 MC delivery leads to substantially accelerated bone repair as early as two weeks, which continues to progress over 12 weeks. This platform represents an efficient, long-term nonviral gene delivery system, and may be applicable for enhancing repair of a broad range of tissues types. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2099-2107, 2016.
Safe early revascularization for continuing ischemia after acute myocardial infarction. (1979)

Early revascularization following myocardial infarction (MI) is reported to have a high risk of extension of and hemorrhage into infarction with resulting high mortality and morbidity. To evaluate this issue, 80 post-MI patients (aged 32-74 years) with unstable angina pectoris resistant to maximal medical therapy were reviewed. All patients underwent early uncomplicated angiography and subsequent revascularization; 55 (69%) were less than 10 days post-MI, and 25 (31%) were 10-30 days post-MI. Intraaortic balloon pumping was required in 72% for relief of intractable angina or hemodynamic instability. Of the 80 patients, 19% had single vessel disease (VD), 31% double VD, and 50% triple VD. The mortality rate from coronary bypass surgery was 7/80 (8.8%), with four cardiac and three noncardiac deaths. Two patients suffered a perioperative MI (2.5%). At a mean follow-up period of 33 months, there had been only one late death and one recurrent nonfatal MI; 96% of the patients had no significant angina. In patients with continuing ischemia immediately after MI, myocardial revascularization can be safely performed without further injury to the myocardium, and with excellent long-term results.
Plasma Desorption Ionization (PDI) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Bone regeneration: stem cell therapies and clinical studies in orthopaedics and traumatology (2011)

Regenerative medicine seeks to repair or replace damaged tissues or organs, with the goal to fully restore structure and function without the formation of scar tissue. Cell based therapies are promising new therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine. By using mesenchymal stem cells, good results have been reported for bone engineering in a number of clinical studies, most of them investigator initiated trials with limited scope with respect to controls and outcome. With the implementation of a new regulatory framework for advanced therapeutic medicinal products, the stage is set to improve both the characterization of the cells and combination products, and pave the way for improved controlled and well-designed clinical trials. The incorporation of more personalized medicine approaches, including the use of biomarkers to identify the proper patients and the responders to treatment, will be contributing to progress in the field. Both translational and clinical research will move the boundaries in the field of regenerative medicine, and a coordinated effort will provide the clinical breakthroughs, particularly in the many applications of bone engineering.
1-μm waveband, 10Gbps transmission with a wavelength tunable single-mode selected quantum-dot optical frequency comb laser (2009)

1-μm waveband, 10Gbps transmission over 1.5-km single-mode holey fiber is demonstrated with clear eye-openings. A wavelength tunable single-mode selected quantum-dot optical frequency comb laser is utilized as the optical source potentially capable of WDM source.
Insertion loss and linearity of III‐nitride microwave switches (2010)

Abstract We report the insertion loss and linearity characteristics of novel microwave switches based on III‐Nitride heterostructure field‐effect transistors (HFETs) and Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor HFETs (MOSHFETs). The high mobility and large sheet carrier density make nitride‐based microwave switches ideal candidates for high power, low loss and high linearity microwave switching applications. The demonstrated SPDT switch achieved the third order intermodulation power of ‐68 dBm for 250 micron devices at 1 GHz and 10 dBM input power and the extrapolated IP3 of &gt;80 dBm with &lt;0.25 dB insertion loss and &gt;35 dB isolation for 2GHz operation for 3mm devices. Further improvements of the insertion loss and linearity are expected from new material and contact development, which will achieve lower 2DEG sheet resistance and contact resistance. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
DFB Lasers with Tilted Waveguide for Multi-Wavelength Generation (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Tunable protein synthesis by transcript isoforms in human cells (2016)

Eukaryotic genes generate multiple RNA transcript isoforms though alternative transcription, splicing, and polyadenylation. However, the relationship between human transcript diversity and protein production is complex as each isoform can be translated differently. We fractionated a polysome profile and reconstructed transcript isoforms from each fraction, which we term Transcript Isoforms in Polysomes sequencing (TrIP-seq). Analysis of these data revealed regulatory features that control ribosome occupancy and translational output of each transcript isoform. We extracted a panel of 5' and 3' untranslated regions that control protein production from an unrelated gene in cells over a 100-fold range. Select 5' untranslated regions exert robust translational control between cell lines, while 3' untranslated regions can confer cell type-specific expression. These results expose the large dynamic range of transcript-isoform-specific translational control, identify isoform-specific sequences that control protein output in human cells, and demonstrate that transcript isoform diversity must be considered when relating RNA and protein levels.
Improved Parameter Estimates for Correlation and Capacity Deviates in Linear Cryptanalysis (2017)

Statistical attacks form an important class of attacks against block ciphers. By analyzing the distribution of the statistics involved in the attack, cryptanalysts aim at providing a good estimate of the data complexity of the attack. Recently multiple papers have drawn attention to how to improve the accuracy of the estimated success probability of linear key-recovery attacks. In particular, the effect of the key on the distribution of the sample correlation and capacity has been investigated and new statistical models developed. The major problem that remains open is how to obtain accurate estimates of the mean and variance of the correlation and capacity. In this paper, we start by presenting a solution for a linear approximation which has a linear hull comprising a number of strong linear characteristics. Then we generalize this approach to multiple and multidimensional linear cryptanalysis and derive estimates of the variance of the test statistic. Our simplest estimate can be computed given the number of the strong linear approximations involved in the offline analysis and the resulting estimate of the capacity. The results tested experimentally on SMALLPRESENT-[4] show the accuracy of the estimated variance is significantly improved. As an application we give more realistic estimates of the success probability of the multidimensional linear attack of Cho on 26 rounds of PRESENT.
Tc-99m-MIBI-Negative Parathyroid Adenoma in Primary Hyperparathyroidism Detected by C-11-Methionine PET/CT After Previous Thyroid Surgery (2011)

A 64-year-old woman with previous thyroid surgery developed symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism, requiring hydration and furosemide. Cervical ultrasonography and an MRI of the neck were inconclusive. Early Tc-99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile images 15 minutes post injection demonstrated focal uptake in the left lower thyroid lobe consistent with a small thyroid adenoma. Neither subtraction or late planar nor Tc-99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile-SPECT images identified a focal area of increased uptake. PET/CT with 460 MBq C-11-methionine demonstrated a focal area of increased uptake in the right thyroid bed. Subsequent surgery confirmed a parathyroid adenoma of 1.4 cm in diameter. Histopathologic analysis showed a parathyroid adenoma of chief-cell type.
Recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of semicrystalline polymides (1995)

Presently, the interest in semicrystalline thermoplastic polymers for applications as high performance materials is increasing. Polymides are being investigated for such a purpose. Semicrystalline polyimides offer advantages such as excellent solvent resistance and good thermooxidative stability, but for practical usage they must also be able to be adequately melt processed. In addition to the aforementioned properties, some semicrystalline polymides which are synthesized by solution methods exhibit small particle size. This aspect allows the polymers to be candidates for use as composite matrix materials which are fabricated by powder prepregging processes which require small-sized polymer particles. The purpose of this research then was to synthesize and subsequently characterize Polyimides that not only display semicrystallinity and die properties thereby associated, but also display reasonable melting behavior.
The protein arginine deiminases: Structure, function, inhibition, and disease (2012)

The post-translational modification of histones has significant effects on overall chromatin function. One such modification is citrullination, which is catalyzed by the protein arginine deiminases (PADs), a unique family of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-citrulline on histones, fibrinogen, and other biologically relevant proteins. Overexpression and/or increased PAD activity is observed in several diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, lupus, Parkinson's disease, and cancer. This review discusses the important structural and mechanistic characteristics of the PADs, as well as recent investigations into the role of the PADs in increasing disease severity in RA and colitis and the importance of PAD activity in mediating neutrophil extracellular trap formation through chromatin decondensation. Lastly, efforts to develop PAD inhibitors with excellent potency, selectivity and in vivo efficacy are discussed, highlighting the most promising inhibitors.
Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient-Based Edge Caching: An Inherent Performance Tradeoff (2021)

In this paper, edge caching is investigated subject to time-varying content popularity where no systematic distri-bution of content popularity can be known in advance. For achieving efficient caching updates sequentially, two optimization problems of maximizing the long-term accumulated-cache-hit-ratio (ACHR) and minimizing the long-term average-content-provision-cost (ACPC) are formulated. In order to solve these two problems, a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG)-based caching algorithm is proposed, which is capable of pro-cessing large-scale and continuous action space and adjusting the caching strategies based on the historical observations of users&#x0027; requests. To evaluate the performance of the proposed DDPG-based caching algorithm, a real-world data set from MovieLens is adopted. Simulation results demonstrate that sig-nificant performance gains in terms of both ACHR and ACPC are achieved by the proposed algorithm over existing caching strategies. Furthermore, an inherent performance tradeoff exists between the ACHR and the ACPC, and the balance between these performance metrics requires careful system parameter selection.
Effects of injected dose, BMI and scanner type on NECR and image noise in PET imaging (2011)

Noise equivalent count rate (NECR) and image noise are two different but related metrics that have been used to predict and assess image quality, respectively. The aim of this study is to investigate, using patient studies, the relationships between injected dose (ID), body mass index (BMI) and scanner type on NECR and image noise measurements in PET imaging. Two groups of 90 patients each were imaged on a GE DSTE and a DRX PET/CT scanner, respectively. The patients in each group were divided into nine subgroups according to three BMI (20-24.9, 25-29.9, 30-45 kg m(-2)) and three ID (296-444, 444-555, 555-740 MBq) ranges, resulting in ten patients/subgroup. All PET data were acquired in 3D mode and reconstructed using the VuePoint HD® fully 3D OSEM algorithm (2 iterations, 21(DRX) or 20 (DSTE) subsets). NECR and image noise measurements for bed positions covering the liver were calculated for each patient. NECR was calculated from the trues, randoms and scatter events recorded in the DICOM header of each patient study, while image noise was determined as the standard deviation of 50 non-neighboring voxels in the liver of each patient. A t-test compared the NECR and image noise for different scanners but with the same BMI and ID. An ANOVA test on the other hand was used to compare the results of patients with different BMI but the same ID and scanner type as well as different ID but the same BMI and scanner type. As expected the t-test showed a significant difference in NECR between the two scanners for all BMI and ID subgroups. However, contrary to what is expected no such findings were observed for image noise measurement. The ANOVA results showed a statistically significant difference in both NECR and image noise among the different BMI for each ID and scanner subgroup. However, there was no statistically significant difference in NECR and image noise across different ID for each BMI and scanner subgroup. Although the GE DRX PET/CT scanner has better count rate performance than the GE DSTE PET/CT scanner, this improvement does not translate to a lower image noise when using OSEM reconstruction. Our results show that patients with larger BMI consistently generate poorer image quality. Dose reduction from >555 to 296-444 MBq has minimal impact on image quality independent of the scanner used. A reduction in ID decreases patient and technologist exposure and can potentially reduce the overall cost of the study.
Transcriptional Regulation of xyn1 , Encoding Xylanase I, in Hypocrea jecorina (2006)

Two major xylanases (XYN I and XYN II) of the filamentous fungus Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) are simultaneously expressed during growth on xylan but respond differently to low-molecular-weight inducers. In vivo footprinting analysis of the xylanase1 (xyn1) promoter revealed three different nucleotide sequences (5'-GGCTAAATGCGACATCTTAGCC-3' [an inverted repeat of GGCTAA spaced by 10 bp], 5'-CCAAT-3', and 5'-GGGGTCTAGACCCC-3' [equivalent to a double Cre1 site]) used to bind proteins. Binding to the Cre1 site is only observed under repressed conditions, whereas binding to the two other motifs is constitutive. Applying heterologously expressed components of the H. jecorina cellulase regulators Ace1 and Ace2 and the xylanase regulator Xyr1 suggests that Ace1 and Xyr1 but not Ace2 contact both GGCTAA motifs. H. jecorina transformants containing mutated versions of the xyn1 promoter, leading to elimination of protein binding to the left or the right GGCTAA box revealed either strongly reduced or completely eliminated induction of transcription. Elimination of Cre1 binding to its target released the basal transcriptional level from glucose repression but did not influence the inducibility of xyn1 expression. Mutation of the CCAAT box prevents binding of the Hap2/3/5 complex in vitro and is partially compensating for the loss of transcription caused by the mutation of the right GGCTAA box. Finally, evidence for a competition of Ace1 and Xyr1 for the right GGCTAA box is given. These data prompted us to hypothesize that xyn1 regulation is based on the interplay of Cre1 and Ace1 as a general and specific repressor with Xyr1 as transactivator.
Laboratory Evaluation of a Boric Acid Liquid Bait on Colonies of Tapinoma melanocephalum Argentine Ants and Pharaoh Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1996)

Journal Article Laboratory Evaluation of a Boric Acid Liquid Bait on Colonies of Tapinoma melanocephalum Argentine Ants and Pharaoh Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Get access John H. Klotz, John H. Klotz 1 Medical and Veterinary Entomology Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS Imported Fire Ant and Household Insects Research Unit, 1600–1700 S.W. 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608 1Current address: Department of Entomology, University of California. Riverside CA 92521. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David H. Oi, David H. Oi 2 Medical and Veterinary Entomology Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS Imported Fire Ant and Household Insects Research Unit, 1600–1700 S.W. 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608 2Current address: Department of Entomology, Auburn University, Anburn, AL 36849. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Karen M. Vail, Karen M. Vail 3 Medical and Veterinary Entomology Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS Imported Fire Ant and Household Insects Research Unit, 1600–1700 S.W. 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608 3Current address: Extension Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37901. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David F. Williams David F. Williams Medical and Veterinary Entomology Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS Imported Fire Ant and Household Insects Research Unit, 1600–1700 S.W. 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 89, Issue 3, 1 June 1996, Pages 673–677, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/89.3.673 Published: 01 June 1996 Article history Received: 21 August 1995 Accepted: 16 January 1996 Published: 01 June 1996
Suprathreshold color-difference ellipsoids for surface colors (1997)

The RIT-DuPont visual color-difference data [Color Res. Appl. 16, 297–316 (1991)] have been used to estimate contours of equal color-differences (ellipsoids) at 19 color centers, in CIELAB and x, y, Y/100 color spaces. The ellipsoid fits are better in the CIELAB space than in x, y, Y/100, since the design of the RIT-DuPont experiment emphasized directional balance in CIELAB. The ellipsoids estimated are hardly tilted with respect to L* or Y/100, and they appear to be in overall good agreement with those reported for object colors in recent publications. From the characteristics and accuracy of the RIT-DuPont experiment, the current ellipsoids can be considered highly reliable and representative of color discrimination under the observational conditions employed, these closely following the “reference conditions” recently suggested by the CIE for industrial color-difference evaluation [Color Res. Appl. 20, 399–403 (1995)]. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 22, 148–155, 1997