gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intramolecular cycloadditions to oxyallyl zwitterions generated from photorearrangements of 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ones (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular cycloadditions to oxyallyl zwitterions generated from photorearrangements of 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-onesArthur G. Schultz, Mark Macielag, and Mark PlummerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 2, 391–395Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00237a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00237a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The effect of temperature and viscoelasticity on cavitation dynamics during ultrasonic ablation (2011)

Inertial cavitation has been shown to enhance heating rates during high intensity focused ultrasound treatments. Cavitation dynamics will be affected by heating and by the changes in mechanical properties of tissue resultant from thermal denaturation; however, the nature of the change is not known and forms the focus of the current study. A Keller-Miksis equation is used to find the variation in inertial cavitation threshold with temperature in water and, when coupled with a Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model, in biological tissue. Simulated thermal ablation treatments in liver and muscle are used to explore the changes in cavitation dynamics, and the resultant frequency spectra of secondary acoustic emissions, due to tissue denaturation. Results indicate that viscosity is the key parameter controlling cavitation dynamics in biological tissues. The increase in viscosity during denaturation is predicted to increase inertial cavitation thresholds, leading to a substantial decrease in the higher harmonic content of the emitted pressure signal across a wide range of bubble radii. Experimental validation of these observations could offer improved methods to monitor therapeutic ultrasound treatments.
Oblique-slip faulting at Tendürek volcano observed by using InSAR (2014)

Calderas are structurally bounded by steep normal and/or reverse faults that are commonly considered to be purely dip-slip.Analog models, seismic data and geologic observations have recently indicated, however, that ring-faults may also display oblique-slip during subsidence.
Adaptable metasurface for dynamic anomalous reflection (2017)

In this paper, we demonstrate an adaptable metasurface with a periodic array of liquid-metal ring-shaped resonators. Its optical properties can be dynamically controlled by individually reconfiguring the geometry (shape and orientation) of the resonators. For the proof of concept, by tailoring the phase profile of the scattered electromagnetic wave, a dynamic anomalous reflection is demonstrated, whereby the reflection angle is fixed at −45° for three different normal incident frequencies of 10.5, 12, and 14 GHz. The demonstrated adaptable metasurfaces pave a way for promising applications in multi-frequency tracking radar systems and broadband scanning systems.
Beyond azide–alkyne click reaction: easy access to 18F-labelled compounds via nitrile oxide cycloadditions (2012)

Radiofluorinated 4-fluorobenzonitrile oxide and N-hydroxy-4-fluorobenzimidoyl chloride rapidly react with different alkenes and alkynes under mild conditions. These cycloadditions are suitable for the preparation of low-molecular weight radiopharmaceuticals and, in a strain-promoted variant, can enable easy labelling of sensitive biopolymers.
A New Magnetic FLUX Control SMPS and the Multiscan Deflection System (1986)

There is now a considerable demand for monitors capable of displaying very fine-grained characters and graphic images. These monitors are needed for use with 16-bit high-resolution personal computers with an increased horizontal scanning frequency for producing higher vertical resolution and for displaying RGB source signals such as high-resolution VIDEOTEX. Multiscan monitors which can detect the horizontal sync signal and automatically adjust the display by themselves are being increasingly marketed. Most of these monitors incorporate an insulated-type Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS).
Controlling Underwater Robots with Electronic Nervous Systems (2010)

We are developing robot controllers based on biomimetic design principles. The goal is to realise the adaptive capabilities of the animal models in natural environments. We report feasibility studies of a hybrid architecture that instantiates a command and coordinating level with computed discrete-time map-based (DTM) neuronal networks and the central pattern generators with analogue VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) electronic neuron (aVLSI) networks. DTM networks are realised using neurons based on a 1-D or 2-D Map with two additional parameters that define silent, spiking and bursting regimes. Electronic neurons (ENs) based on Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) dynamics can be instantiated in analogue VLSI and exhibit similar behaviour to those based on discrete components. We have constructed locomotor central pattern generators (CPGs) with aVLSI networks that can be modulated to select different behaviours on the basis of selective command input. The two technologies can be fused by interfacing the signals from the DTM circuits directly to the aVLSI CPGs. Using DTMs, we have been able to simulate complex sensory fusion for rheotaxic behaviour based on both hydrodynamic and optical flow senses. We will illustrate aspects of controllers for ambulatory biomimetic robots. These studies indicate that it is feasible to fabricate an electronic nervous system controller integrating both aVLSI CPGs and layered DTM exteroceptive reflexes.
The Existence of Spin-Paired Cobalt(I) in a Reduced Form of Cobalt 4,4′,4″,4[UNK]-Tetrasulfophthalocyanine (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Existence of Spin-Paired Cobalt(I) in a Reduced Form of Cobalt 4,4′,4″,4[UNK]-TetrasulfophthalocyanineDaryle H. Busch, James H. Weber, Donald H. Williams, and Norman J. RoseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 23, 5161–5162Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01077a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01077a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultra low loss (0.151 dB/km) fiber and its impact on submarine transmission systems (2002)

Ultra low loss of 0.151dB/km, which is the lowest attenuation ever reported, has been achieved. Its impact on transmission systems with amplifiers such as EDFA and Raman is also examined.
The effects of load and humidity on friction and life of polymeric coatings used to prevent fretting corrosion (1987)

A statistical analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of applied load and relative humidity of the atmosphere on the durability and coefficient of friction of five polymer coatings used to protect against fretting corrosion. Chlorine and non-chlorine containing polymers were used in this research to see if the large humidity effect seen in a previous study with polyvinyl chloride is strictly a chlorine related phenomenon. The five polymers used were polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, and two siloxane modified polyimides. Disks made of 1045 steel were coated with thin polymeric films and fretted against a 52100 steel ball. Three levels of load were used: 11.12, 22.25, and 44.5 N, and the two levels of relative humidity were less than 10% and between 45 and 55%. Amplitude of oscillation was 330 μm peak to peak, frequency of oscillation was 40 Hz, and the coating thickness was 25 μm. Statistically significant variables and interactions are identified, and reasons for their significance are discussed. Increasing the humidity had no consistent effect on the ending coefficient of friction between the polymer film and the oscillating ball, increasing the load decreased the coefficient of friction, and either increasing the humidity or load decreased the life of the coating during fretting. The extent of this reduction in life depends on the polymer. The relative humidity of the environment affected the coating life of only one of the chlorine-containing polymers. Humidity was also shown to affect the coating life of two polymers that do not contain chlorine.
Design and Fabrication Toward a Shorter, Lightweight Night Vision Goggle Objective Assembly with a Nanolayered Polymer Gradient Refractive Index Lens (2017)

A night vision goggle objective is described leveraging a spherical gradient refractive index lens fabricated from polymeric nanolayered materials. The objective achieves a reduction in optical elements to reduce system length 15% and weight 28%.
Ewing’s Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Proximal Humeral Epiphysis (2012)

Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES/PNET) of bone is a rare childhood tumor most commonly located in the metadiaphysis. In skeletally immature patients, lesions of the epiphysis are rarely malignant, with the most common diagnosis being chondroblastoma. This article presents a case of ES/PNET of the proximal humeral epiphysis in a 12-year-old boy. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of epiphyseal ES/PNET confirmed with molecular testing. Radiographs of the patient's painful shoulder showed a well-defined lytic lesion within the humeral epiphysis. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested a chondroid tumor with surrounding edema. Based on the imaging characteristics, the patient's age, and the lesion's location, a preliminary diagnosis of chondroblastoma was made. A trochar biopsy of the lesion demonstrated a small, round, blue cell tumor on frozen section. Subsequently, immunohistochemical staining was uniformly positive in a membrane pattern for CD99, and molecular diagnostic testing demonstrated a EWSR1/FLI1 fusion transcript, confirming the pathologic diagnosis of ES/PNET. Although metadiaphyseal locations for ES/PNET are most common, this case adds to previously reported cases of epiphyseal ES/PNET, suggesting that the diagnosis be considered for pediatric epiphyseal tumors. This case also demonstrates why following rigorous oncologic treatment algorithms by obtaining a limited trochar biopsy, even in the case of a confident radiographic diagnosis, is critically important; the biopsy results can lead to a major change in treatment and avoid contamination of a larger area of soft tissue and bone.
A PRSC selection scheme based on PN code for OFDM PAPR reduction (2005)

For PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) reduction in OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) systems, we propose an effective PRSC (PAPR reduction sub-carrier) selection scheme using PN (pseudonoise) code. The conventional PRSC selection scheme using an ideal random sequence may achieve the optimal performance with the lowest PAPR; however, excessive overhead from the transmitter to the receiver is inevitable. The proposed scheme exploits a PN code based PRSC selection sequence which is generated by applying starting points determined by bit reversing and gradually-increasing offsets. Simulation results show that the proposed PRSC selection scheme achieves a performance which is quite good and is closely comparable to the case of the ideal random sequence, while requiring virtually no overhead.
Increased gene expression of Alzheimer disease beta-amyloid precursor protein in senescent cultured fibroblasts. (1991)

The pathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease is the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques in the brains of patients. Plaque cores contain a 4- to 5-kDa amyloid beta-protein fragment which is also found in the cerebral blood vessels of affected individuals. Since amyloid deposition in the brain increases with age even in normal people, we sought to establish whether the disease state bears a direct relationship with normal aging processes. As a model for biological aging, the process of cellular senescence in vitro was used. mRNA levels of beta-amyloid precursor protein associated with Alzheimer disease were compared in human fibroblasts in culture at early passage and when the same fibroblasts were grown to senescence after more than 52 population doublings. A dramatic increase in mRNA was observed in senescent IMR-90 fibroblasts compared with early-passage cells. Hybridization of mRNA from senescent and early proliferating fibroblasts with oligonucleotide probes specific for the three alternatively spliced transcripts of the gene gave similar results, indicating an increase during senescence of all three forms. A similar, though more modest, increase in message levels was also observed in early-passage fibroblasts made quiescent by serum deprivation; with repletion of serum, however, the expression returned to previous low levels. ELISAs were performed on cell extracts from senescent, early proliferating, and quiescent fibroblasts, and quiescent fibroblasts repleted with serum for over 48 hr, using polyclonal antibodies to a synthetic peptide of the beta-amyloid precursor. The results confirmed that the differences in mRNA expression were partially reflected at the protein level. Regulated expression of beta-amyloid precursor protein may be an important determinant of growth and metabolic responses to serum and growth factors under physiological as well as pathological conditions.
Introduction of an ultrathin and flexible laser scanning endoscope for color imaging and integrated PDD and future PDT (2009)

The scanning fiber endoscope (SFE), an ultrathin laser scanning endoscope capable of producing 500-line color images at 30-Hz frame rate, has been developed at the University of Washington. The SFE probe is a 1-mm diameter by 9-mm long rigid scanner at the tip of a highly flexible and robust tether (minimum bend radius < 8- mm), comprised of helically wound optical fibers and electrical wires within a protective sheath. The unique physical characteristics of this system have allowed the camera to navigate narrow passages where other technologies have suffered from reduced image quality and fragility, such as imaging the peripheral airways and bile duct. The scanning engine of the SFE allows for laser-based imaging and potential applications of pixel-accurate therapy in remote regions of the body. In this study, the standard SFE operation has been tailored to create widefield fluorescence images for photodynamic detection. A kidney with renal cell carcinoma was excised from an Eker rat after post-mortem <i>in situ</i> perfusion with 0.4 mM hypericin. The 442-nm blue and 532-nm green laser illumination sources were used for both standard reflectance imaging and fluorescence excitation, while the red 635- nm illumination was disabled. Red detection signal gain was increased to amplify the red fluorescence signal from the photomultiplier tube and within the computer image display. Results show green and blue reflectance images overlaid with red fluorescence signal in tumor regions of the kidney. These imaging capabilities portend future adoption of laser-based SFE imaging for real-time PDD.
Measurement of translational temperature in nitrogen with the electron beam fluorescence technique (1980)

The electron beam fluorescence technique was applied to nitrogen for the purpose of measuring the velocity distribution function in a nonequilibrium free jet expansion of a molecular species. This was accomplished by measuring the Doppler broadening of a single rotational line in the N+2 first negative band with a Fabry–Perot interferometer. It was found that the rotational lines of this band have an inherent line width equivalent to about 70 °K translational temperature. Because of the magnitude of this additional broadening, accurate determination of the translational temperature was not possible at the low temperatures in the free jet. A correction for the additional broadening is proposed which allows application of the technique to flows at higher temperature.
A Round Earth Loss Model and Small-Scale Channel Properties for Open-Sea Radio Propagation (2019)

In this paper, a path-loss model for the open-sea environment is proposed, in which different propagation phenomena including effective reflection, shadowing, divergence, and diffraction, related to the sea surface and earth curvature in the open-sea environments, are taken into account. The channel model is parameterized and validated by experimental results from our measurement campaign at 2 GHz over a distance range of 45 km in calm, cold Norwegian ocean waters. Model and measurements show excellent agreement in terms of the root mean square error. By evaluating the channel model parameters like mean-square surface slope and standard deviation of surface height related to the sea surface roughness, it can be concluded that the effects of shadowing and scattering on the reflected rays will influence the fading amplitude within the distance range where the Line-Of-Sight (LOS) is tangential to the surface of the earth. It is also found that the diffraction loss starts to influence the path-loss results beyond the distance of 0.6 × the first Fresnel zone clearance. The amplitude probability density function (PDF) of fading is studied as well. By using the Akaike information criterion for model selection, it is found that the amplitude PDF can be modeled as Weibull distribution at short distances and very large distances. The two-wave with diffuse power distribution, Rician distribution, and Rayleigh distribution dominate at distances between 9 and 45 km. The correlation coefficient between the signal amplitudes at two antennas that are vertically separated by 3 m was studied, and found to be close to zero when the transmitter is below the horizon. This indicates the potential to employ multi-antenna techniques for maritime communication systems.
Clonal Analysis of Hematopoiesis-Supporting Activity of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Association with Jagged1 Expression and Osteogenic Potential (2008)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are promising feeder cells for expanding hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), but their potential is heterogeneous. We examined the hematopoiesis-supporting activity of hMSC at the clonal level in relation to the osteogenic potential and gene expression. Hematopoiesis-supporting activities of stably immortalized clonal hMSC lines were evaluated by the expansion of CD34+CD38- cells after 7-day coculture with human cord blood-derived CD34+ cells. Six of 16 clones expanded the numbers of CD34+CD38- cells >500-fold. These hematopoiesis-supportive clones also showed high gene expression of Jaggedl, a Notch ligand, as well as high potential to deposit calcium after osteogenic induction. Thus, osteogenic hMSC clones may provide proper microenvironments for HSC expansion, ultimately conveying self-renewal signals to HSCs via the Notch pathway. However, they lost hematopoiesis-supporting activity after osteogenic differentiation. The hematopoiesis-supportive clones are potentially useful for hematopoietic microenvironment studies and as components of a coculture system for expansion of HSCs, free from contamination by xenogeneic pathogens.
Guidelines for pre-operative cardiac risk assessment and perioperative cardiac management in non-cardiac surgery (2009)

Guidelines for pre-operative cardiac risk assessment and perioperative cardiac management in non-cardiac surgery: the Task Force for Preoperative Cardiac Risk Assessment and Perioperative Cardiac Management in Non-cardiac Surgery of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA
Application of a visual model to the design of an ultra-high definition upscaler (2009)

A Visual Model (VM) is used to aid in the design of an Ultra-high Definition (UHD) upscaling algorithm that renders High Definition legacy content on a UHD display. The costly development of such algorithms is due, in part, to the time spent subjectively evaluating the adjustment of algorithm structural variations and parameters. The VM provides an image map that gives feedback to the design engineer about visual differences between algorithm variations, or about whether a costly algorithm improvement will be visible at expected viewing distances. Such visual feedback reduces the need for subjective evaluation. This paper presents the results of experimentally verifying the VM against subjective tests of visibility improvement versus viewing distance for three upscaling algorithms. Observers evaluated image differences for upscaled versions of high-resolution stills and HD (Blu-ray) images, viewing a reference and test image, and controlled a linear blending weight to determine the image discrimination threshold. The required thresholds vs. viewing distance varied as expected, with larger amounts of the test image required at further distances. We verify the VM by comparison of predicted discrimination thresholds versus the subjective data. After verification, VM visible difference maps are presented to illustrate the practical use of the VM during design.