gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of through-silicon via technology on energy consumption of 3D-integrated solid-state drive systems (2015)

Through-silicon via (TSV) technology is a useful interconnect technique for three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits. With the TSV, a compact and low power system is achievable. In this paper, the impact of TSV on the energy consumption of 3D-integrated solid-state drives (SSDs) is analyzed, including the all NAND flash SSD, hybrid memory-type storage class memory (M-SCM)/NAND flash SSD, and all storage-type SCM (S-SCM) SSD. From the experimental results, 22%, 23%, and 30% energy consumption reductions are obtained for the all NAND flash SSD, hybrid M-SCM/NAND flash SSD, and all S-SCM, respectively, compared with the SSD system without using TSV. Further, the energy consumption reduction increases with the number of chips for all S-SCM SSD. When 8 S-SCM chips are used for the all S-SCM SSD, 75% energy consumption reduction is obtained at 1066 MHz I/O frequency. Moreover, the all NAND flash SSD write throughput saturates at 400 MHz NAND I/O frequency yet the write throughput of all S-SCM SSD increases with the S-SCM I/O frequency beyond 1066 MHz. Therefore, a 1066 MHz SCM I/O frequency is recommended for the all S-SCM SSD and 400 MHz NAND I/O frequency is recommended for all NAND flash SSD.
Figure S1 from First-in-Human Phase I Study of ABBV-838, an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting SLAMF7/CS1 in Patients with Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Study design schematic. N, number of patients in each dose group; PK/PD, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics.&lt;/p&gt;
Role of Magnetic Resonance Contrast Media in Ischemic Myocardial Disease (1994)

Higgins CB, Saeed M, Wendland MF, Sakuma H. Role of magnetic resonance contrast media in ischemic myocardial disease. Invest Radiol 1994;29:S294–S296.
Contextual correlates of synonymy (1965)

Experimentol corroboration was obtained for the hypothesis that the proportion of words common to the contexts of word A and to the contexts of word B is a function of the degree to which A and B are similar in meaning. The tests were carried out for variously defined contexts. The shapes of the functions, however, indicate that similarity of context is reliable as criterion only for detecting pairs of words that are very similar in meaning.
Silicon Nanowire Tunnel FETs: Low-Temperature Operation and Influence of High- $k$ Gate Dielectric (2011)

In this paper, we demonstrate p-channel tunnel FETs based on silicon nanowires grown with an in situ p-i-n doping profile. The tunnel FETs were fabricated with three different gate dielectrics, SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , and HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and show a performance enhancement when using high- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> dielectric materials. The best performance is achieved for the devices using HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> as the gate dielectric, which reach an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> of 0.1 μA/μm ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> = -0.5 V, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> = -2 V), combined with an average inverse subthreshold slope (SS) of ~ 120 mV/dec and an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> ratio of around 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> . For the tunnel FETs with Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> as the gate dielectric, different annealing steps were evaluated, and an activation anneal at only 700°C was found to yield the best results. Furthermore, we also investigated the temperature behavior of the tunnel FETs. Ideal tunnel FET behavior was observed for devices having ohmic Ni/Au contacts, and we demonstrate the invariance of both the SS and on-current with temperature, as expected for true tunnel FETs.
Size and dynamics of vortex dipoles in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates (2011)

Recently, Freilich et al. [Science 329, 1182 (2010)] experimentally discovered stationary states of vortex dipoles, pairs of vortices of opposite circulation, in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates. To explain their observations, we perform simulations based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and obtain excellent quantitative agreement on the size of the stationary dipole. We also investigate how their imaging method, in which atoms are repeatedly extracted from a single condensate, affects the vortex dynamics. We find that it mainly induces isotropic size oscillations of the condensate without otherwise disturbing the vortex trajectories. Thus, the imaging technique appears to be a promising tool for studying real-time superfluid dynamics.
LA PHOTOOXYDATION DU GROUPE PEPTIDE—I. PROTÉINES FIBREUSES* (1967)

Abstract— The determination of the α‐ketoacids, glyoxylic and pyruvic in partial hydrolysates of fibrous proteins (keratin and fibroin) after exposition to u.v. light has allowed us to suggest a photooxydation mechanism for the α‐aminoacid residues of glycine and alanine in proteins. The primary reaction is believed to be the formation of the peptide radical ‐NH‐CR‐CO‐, and the breakdown of polypeptide chains is explained by the formation of α‐ketoacyl peptide linkages.
Targeting Metabolic Scavenging in Pancreatic Cancer (2013)

Pancreatic tumor metabolism is rewired to facilitate survival and growth in a nutrient-depleted environment. This leads to a unique dependence on metabolic recycling and scavenging pathways, including NAD salvage. Targeting this pathway in pancreatic cancer disrupts metabolic homeostasis and impairs tumor growth.
Synthesis of [18F]Fluoroalanine and [18F]Fluorotamoxifen for Imaging Breast Tumors (1993)

To develop ligands for imaging breast tumors, [18F]fluoro analogue of tamoxifen and [18F]fluoroalanine were radiosynthesized. In vivo biodistribution studies were performed in mammary tumor-bearing rats. In studies on the biodistribution of an [18F]fluoro analogue of tamoxifen, tumor uptake decreased when rats were pretreated with diethylstilbestrol (DES), suggesting that tracer uptake in tumors was receptor-mediated. An estrogen receptor assay indicated that tumors have a receptor density of 7.5 fmol/mg protein. Studies of the distribution of [18F]fluoroalanine in tissue showed that the tumor-to-tissue ratio increases as a function of time. Positron emission tomography (PET) images of tumor-bearing rats demonstrated that tumors can be visualized 1 h after rats are injected with an [18F]fluoro analogue of tamoxifen. PET imaging of pigs after injection of 10 mCi of [18F]fluoro analogue of tamoxifen showed uterine uptake that could be blocked by DES (50 mg). The findings suggest that both radiotracers are useful for imaging breast tumors.
Organic light-emitting diodes with photonic crystals on glass substrate fabricated by nanoimprint lithography (2007)

The authors have fabricated organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) having two-dimensional photonic crystals (PC) as light extraction elements by employing nanoimprint lithography technique. PCs were imprinted on the glass substrate and OLED layers were formed on the imprinted side of the glass substrate. The device having PC showed the improvement of luminance by a factor of 1.5 compared to normal devices. The authors conclude that the nanoimprint lithography is very useful for the fabrication of the OLEDs with PC.
Super Compact RFIC Inductars'in 0.18pm CMOS with Copper Interconnects (2002)

Design of super compact on-chip inductors with deep-shrunk dimension of 22pmx23pn, as opposed to several hundreds pm by several hundreds pn, is reported. Implemented in a Cmetal all-copper 0.18~ CMOS process, a flat inductor value of lOnH up to 4GHz, satisfactory to many typical RFIC applications, is achieved. The aggressive shrinkage reduces parasitic capacitance substantially and makes it realistic and cost-effective to realize sing-chip RFICs in very deep sub-micron technologies. A new inductor model is proposed for accuracy. A 2.4GHz LNA circuit with on-chip matching using the compact inductor is demonstrated.
Abstract 2744: Blocking CXCR4 alleviates desmoplasia, increases T-lymphocyte infiltration, and improves immunotherapy in metastatic breast cancer (2019)

Abstract Metastatic breast cancers (mBCs) are largely resistant to immune checkpoint blockade, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Primary breast cancers are characterized by a dense fibrotic stroma, which is considered immunosuppressive in multiple malignancies, but the stromal composition of breast cancer metastases and its role in immunosuppression are largely unknown. Here we show that liver and lung metastases of human breast cancers tend to be highly fibrotic, and unlike primary breast tumors, they exclude cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). Unbiased analysis of the TCGA database of human breast tumors revealed a set of genes that are associated with stromal T-lymphocyte exclusion. Among these we focused on CXCL12 as a relevant target based on its known roles in immunosuppression in other cancer types. We found that the CXCL12 receptor CXCR4 is highly expressed in both human primary tumors and metastases. To gain insight into the role of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, we inhibited CXCR4 and found that CXCR4 blockade decreases fibrosis, alleviates solid stress, decompresses blood vessels, increases CTL infiltration, and decreases immunosuppression in murine mBC models. We confirmed that these immunosuppressive effects are dependent on cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) signaling through genetic deletion of Cxcr4 in aSMA+ cells. Accordingly, CXCR4 inhibition more than doubles the response to immune checkpoint blockers in mice bearing mBCs. These findings demonstrate that CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated desmoplasia in mBC promotes immunosuppression and is a potential target for overcoming therapeutic resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in mBC patients. Citation Format: Ivy X. Chen, Vikash P. Chauhan, Jessica Posada, Mei R. Ng, Michelle Wu, Pichet Adstamongkonkul, Peigen Huang, Neal Lindeman, Robert Langer, Rakesh K. Jain. Blocking CXCR4 alleviates desmoplasia, increases T-lymphocyte infiltration, and improves immunotherapy in metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2744.
Cover Picture: Evolution of Nanocrystallinity in Periodic Mesoporous Anatase Thin Films (Small 2/2005) (2004)

The cover picture represents the time evolution of the transformation of glassy titania into nanocrystalline anatase nanochannel walls, originating from the point in time of the actual genesis of the embryonic seeds (the critical nuclei), to the realization of spherical nanocrystals, and eventually to elongated nanocrystal growth, which is axially guided by the director field of the nanochannels of the hexagonal mesostructure. More information can be obtained by reading the Full Paper “Evolution of Nanocrystallinity in Periodic Mesoporous Anatase Thin Films” by G. A. Ozin and co‐workers on page 226 ff. The authors thank Ludovico Cademartiri for the cover design.
X-ray Darkfield Chest Radiography: Correlation of First Results from COPD-Patients with Lung Function Tests (2020)

<b>Introduction:</b> Chest X-rays are of limited use as a screening tool for emphysema. Grating-based X-ray dark-field (XDF) imaging may provide a potential solution by indirectly visualizing the microstructure of the lung. In a first patient study, we are investigating the use of XDF imaging for the detection of COPD. Here, we report on the correlation of dark-field signal strength to results from lung function tests. <b>Methods and Materials:</b> In this ongoing prospective clinical study 54 of 500 adult study participants (250 patients with COPD and 250 patients without lung diseases) have been included (17 females, mean age 61±11 years; 37 males, mean age 67±12 years). Dark-field chest X-rays are acquired using a grating-based prototype imaging setup operating at 70 kVp in a scanning mode. As a reference, conventional chest X-rays, CT-scans, whole-body plethysmography and a COPD assessment test are performed. Visual assessment of XDF strength using a 6-point ordinal scale was performed by three independent readers and XDF signal strength was quantitatively evaluated. The results were correlated with findings of lung function tests. <b>Results:</b> Both objective and subjective XDF strength showed a significant correlation with the Tiffeneau-Pinelli index (FEV1/FVC), and with FEV1 as percent of predicted. <b>Conclusion:</b> XDF signal strength may serve as a diagnostic marker of pulmonary function in COPD by visualizing structural changes of the lung parenchyma. As a novel imaging modality, XDF radiography has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis of COPD, while requiring less patient cooperation than spirometry at a much lower radiation exposure than CT scans.
Trichoderma harzianum Enhances Antioxidant Defense of Tomato Seedlings and Resistance to Water Deficit (2012)

Some plant-symbiotic strains of the genus Trichoderma colonize roots and induce profound changes in plant gene expression that lead to enhanced growth, especially under biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that one of the protective mechanisms enhanced by T. harzianum T22 colonization is the antioxidant defense mechanism. Having established that strain T22 modulates the expression of the genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, the status of antioxidant defense of tomato seedlings in response to colonization by T22 and water deficit was investigated. Total ascorbate or glutathione levels were not affected by either stimuli, but under water deficit, antioxidant pools became more oxidized (lower ratios of reduced to oxidized forms), whereas colonized plants maintained redox state as high as or higher than unstressed and untreated plants. The enhanced redox state of colonized plants could be explained by their higher activity of ascorbate and glutathione-recycling enzymes, higher activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, in both root and shoot throughout the experiment. Similar enzymes were induced in uncolonized plants in response to water-deficit stress but to a lower extent when compared with colonized plants. This orchestrated enhancement in activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging pathways in colonized plants in response to stress supports the hypothesis that enhanced resistance of colonized plants to water deficit is at least partly due to higher capacity to scavenge ROS and recycle oxidized ascorbate and glutathione, a mechanism that is expected to enhance tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses.
Differential flatness-based robust control of mobile robots in the presence of slip (2010)

Slip between the ground and wheel often cannot be avoided in most applications of mobile robots. However, a majority of controllers developed so far make a no-slip assumption with non-holonomic constraints. To achieve desired performance in the presence of slip, controllers that are robust to slip are required. In this paper, we discuss robust trajectory-tracking control for a differentially driven two-wheeled mobile robot. The structure of a differential flatness controller, which has shown distinctive advantages providing an integrated framework for planning and control, is extended to account for slip disturbances. It is shown that the differential flatness framework can be extended to develop a robust controller based on a dynamic as well as a kinematic model with slip. Simulation results for both kinematic and dynamic controllers are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the robust controllers. Experiments with the kinematic controller which is suited to typical laboratory and field mobile robots were conducted to validate the proposed robust controller. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed robust controllers are effective in the presence of slip.
Wideband Subwavelength Deeply Etched Multilayer Silicon Mirrors for Tunable Optical Filters and SS-OCT Applications (2014)

In this paper, we report subwavelength deeply etched 1000-nm-thick silicon layers using deep etching on an SOI substrate. The subwavelength silicon layers are used to construct wideband multilayer Bragg mirrors showing more than 220-nm 3-dB bandwidth. The mirror reflectivity and effect of silicon layers etching errors are estimated using optical measurements. The deeply etched mirrors are used to realize a 125-nm-tuning range Fabry-Perot tunable with a free spectral range of 130 nm enabled by the MEMS technology. The filter has input/output fibers inserted into micromachined grooves with in-plane axis aligned with the filter mirrors. The filter is utilized in a ring laser swept source configuration with a semiconductor optical amplifier. The swept source has 100-nm tuning range and 0.13-nm 3-dB linewidth.
Pipelineable On-Line Encryption. (2014)

Abstract. Correct authenticated decryption requires the receiver to buffer the decrypted message until the authenticity check has been per-formed. In high-speed networks, which must handle large message frames at low latency, this behavior becomes practically infeasible. This paper proposes CCA-secure on-line ciphers as a practical alternative to AE schemes since the former provide some defense against malicious mes-sage modifications. Unfortunately, all published on-line ciphers so far are either inherently sequential, or lack a CCA-security proof. This paper introduces POE, a family of on-line ciphers that combines provable security against chosen-ciphertext attacks with pipelineability to support efficient implementations. POE combines a block cipher and an ǫ-AXU family of hash functions. Different instantiations of POE are given, based on different universal hash functions and suitable for differ-ent platforms. Moreover, this paper introduces POET, a provably secure on-line AE scheme, which inherits pipelineability and chosen-ciphertext-security from POE and provides additional resistance against nonce-misuse attacks.
Wzrost ekspresji mRNA dla MDC i TARC – chemokin biorących udział w migracji komórek dendrytycznych do węzłów chłonnych w komórkach ostrej białaczki limfoblastycznej po stymulacji CD40L – raport wstępny (2007)

Immunoterapia jest jednym z najnowszych kierunkow w leczeniu nowotworow. W ostrej bialaczce limfoblastycznej (ALL) u dzieci mozliwe jest przeksztalcenie komorek nowotworowych w komorki dendrytyczne prezentujące antygeny bialaczkowe limfocytom T gospodarza. W ten sposob, byc moze, bedzie mozna uzyskac eliminacje klonu bialaczkowego, tym samym wyleczenie pacjenta. Celem pracy byla ocena ekspresji genow dla wybranych chemokin w komorkach ALL po przeksztalceniu ich w komorki dendrytyczne. Material i metoda Do badania zakwalifikowano 25 dzieci leczonych w ośrodkach hematologii i onkologii dzieciecej w Polsce. Komorki ALL stymulowano za pomocą CD40L i IL-4. Ocene fenotypu komorek nowotworowych przed i po hodowli wykonano z uzyciem cytometrii przeplywowej (cząsteczki kostymulujące i adhezyjne), natomiast ekspresje genow chemokin na poziomie mRNA badano lancuchową reakcją polimerazową czasu rzeczywistego (real-time PCR). Wyniki 1. potwierdzono mozliwośc uzyskania fenotypu komorek dendrytycznych przez komorki ALL po stymulacji CD40L, 2. wykazano wzrost ekspresji chemokin MDC i TARC w komorkach ALL po przeksztalceniu do komorek dendrytycznych. Wniosek Wzrost wytwarzania chemokin MDC i TARC, biorących udzial w przyciąganiu limfocytow T do ognisk nowotworzenia, moze byc przydatny w konstruowaniu schematow immunoterapii u dzieci z bialaczkami.
Waveguide fabrication in transparent materials by use of temporally tailored multiple femtosecond pulses (2004)

Permanent refractive index change in bulk glasses induced by femtosecond laser has opened up new ways for photonic devices fabrication. In this technique, temporal profile of femtosecond laser is found to be important because it is a nonlinear material processing. In this paper we investigate temporal profile dependence on the optical waveguides properties written by tightly focused femtosecond laser and loosely focused femtosecond laser. With tight focus writing, optimization of pulse interval of pulse train with a few ps decreased the optical loss of the fabricated waveguides. With loose focus writing, longer femtosecond laser increased the length of the induced refractive index change. 2-D Bragg diffraction gratings were well fabricated using this loose focus method.
Comparison of the 1.85 Å structure of CYP154A1 from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) with the closely related CYP154C1 and CYPs from antibiotic biosynthetic pathways (2003)

The genus Streptomyces produces two-thirds of microbially derived antibiotics. Polyketides form the largest and most diverse group of these natural products. Antibiotic diversity of polyketides is generated during their biosynthesis by several means, including postpolyketide modification performed by oxidoreductases, a broad group of enzymes including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs). CYPs catalyze site-specific oxidation of macrolide antibiotic precursors significantly affecting antibiotic activity. Efficient manipulation of Streptomyces CYPs in generating new antibiotics will require identification and/or engineering of monooxygenases with activities toward a diverse array of chemical substrates. To begin to link structure to function of CYPs involved in secondary metabolic pathways of industrially important species, we determined the X-ray structure of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) CYP154A1 at 1.85 A and analyzed it in the context of the closely related CYP154C1 and more distant CYPs from polyketide synthase (EryF) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (OxyB) biosynthetic pathways. In contrast to CYP154C1, CYP154A1 reveals an active site inaccessible from the molecular surface, and an absence of catalytic activities observed for CYP154C1. Systematic variations in the amino acid patterns and length of the surface HI loop correlate with degree of rotation of the F and G helices relative to the active site in CYP154A1-related CYPs, presumably regulating the degree of active site accessibility and its dimensions. Heme in CYP154A1 is in a 180 degrees flipped orientation compared with most other structurally determined CYPs.