gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding sources of ineffciency in general-purpose chips (2011)

Scaling the performance of a power limited processor requires decreasing the energy expended per instruction executed, since energy/op * op/second is power. To better understand what improvement in processor efficiency is possible, and what must be done to capture it, we quantify the sources of the performance and energy overheads of a 720p HD H.264 encoder running on a general-purpose four-processor CMP system. The initial overheads are large: the CMP was 500 x less energy efficient than an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) doing the same job. We explore methods to eliminate these overheads by transforming the CPU into a specialized system for H.264 encoding. Broadly applicable optimizations like single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) units improve CMP performance by 14 x and energy by 10x, which is still 50x worse than an ASIC. The problem is that the basic operation costs in H.264 are so small that even with a SIMD unit doing over 10 ops per cycle, 90% of the energy is still overhead. Achieving ASIC-like performance and effciency requires algorithm-specifc optimizations. For each subalgorithm of H.264, we create a large, specialized functional/storage unit capable of executing hundreds of operations per instruction. This improves energy effciency by 160x (instead of 10x), and the final customized CMP reaches the same performance and within 3x of an ASIC solution's energy in comparable area.
An autonomous lunar geophysical experiment package (ALGEP) for future space missions (2022)

Abstract Geophysical observations will provide key information about the inner structure of the planets and satellites and understanding the internal structure is a strong constraint on the bulk composition and thermal evolution of these bodies. Thus, geophysical observations are a key to uncovering the origin and evolution of the Moon. In this article, we propose the development of an autonomous lunar geophysical experiment package, composed of a suite of instruments and a central station with standardized interface, which can be installed on various future lunar missions. By fixing the interface between instruments and the central station, it would be possible to easily configure an appropriate experiment package for different missions. We describe here a series of geophysical instruments that may be included as part of the geophysical package: a seismometer, a magnetometer, a heat flow probe, and a laser reflector. These instruments will provide mechanical, thermal, and geodetic parameters of the Moon that are strongly related to the internal structure. We discuss the functionality required for future geophysical observations of the Moon, including the development of the central station that will be used commonly by different payloads.
Focalisation en émission-réception en milieu inhomogène : le concept de filtre adapté (1994)

Pas de Résumé disponible
Three α‐Galactosidase Genes of Trichoderma reesei Cloned by Expression in Yeast (1996)

Three alpha-galactosidase genes, agl1, agl2 and agl3, were isolated from a cDNA expression library of Trichoderma reesei RutC-30 constructed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by screening the library on plates containing the substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside. The genes agl1, agl2 and agl3 encode 444, 746 and 624 amino acids, respectively, including the signal sequences. The deduced amino acid sequences of AGLI and AGLIII showed similarity with the alpha-galactosidases of plant, animal, yeast and filamentous fungal origin classified into family 27 of glycosyl hydrolases whereas the deduced amino acid sequence of AGLII showed similarity with the bacterial alpha-galactosidases of family 36. The enzymes produced by yeast were analysed for enzymatic activity against different substrates. AGLI, AGLII and AGLIII were able to hydrolyse the synthetic substrate p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside and the small galactose-containing oligosaccharides, melibiose and raffinose. They liberated galactose from polymeric galacto(gluco)mannan with different efficiencies. The action of AGLI towards polymeric substrates was enhanced by the presence of the endo-1,4-beta-mannanase of T. reesei. AGLII and AGLIII showed synergy in galacto(gluco)mannan hydrolysis with the endo-1,4-beta-mannanase of T. reesei and a beta-mannosidase of Aspergillus niger. The calculated molecular mass and the hydrolytic properties of AGLI indicate that it corresponds to the alpha-galactosidase previously purified from T. reesei.
Studies on the interactions between lactam analogs and the N‐terminal extracellular tail of CC chemokine receptor 4 by CZE (2007)

CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is a kind of G-protein-coupled receptors with a characteristic seven-transmembrane structure and selectively expressed on Th2-type CD4+ T-cells, which play a pivotal role in allergic inflammation. In this study, the interactions between 2-(2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-{[(2-methyl-3-chloro-phenyl)-1-ylmethyl]-carbamoyl}-methyl)-5-oxo-pyrrole-1-yl)-N-(3-piperidinyl-propyl)-acetamide (compound A), a known CCR4 antagonist, and ML40 were studied by CZE for the first time. Both qualitative and quantitative characterizations of the drug-peptide binding were determined. The binding constant of the interaction between the trans-diastereomer of compound A and ML40, calculated from the Scatchard plot by regression, was (1.06 +/- 0.11)x10(5)/M. Also, it was confirmed that the trans-diastereomer was more potent affinity with CCR4 than its cis-counterpart. The experimental results show that this reported method by CZE for the determination of the compound A and ML40 interactions is powerful, sensitive, and fast, requires less amounts of reagents, and further, it can be employed as one of the reliable screening methods to a series of lactam analogs in the drug discovery for allergic inflammation diseases.
Bidirectional crosstalk between neutrophils and adipocytes promotes adipose tissue inflammation (2020)

Abstract Obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes. Chronic activation of IL-1β system in adipose tissue on metabolic disorders is well demonstrated. However, a mechanism for its expression and activation in the tissue has remained unexplored. Here we demonstrate that IL-1β transcript was enriched in neutrophils of white adipose tissue (WAT), and the expression of IL-1β was up-regulated by a high-fat diet in the WAT but not in other tissues, including bone marrow, peripheral blood, and spleen. The co-culture of neutrophils with 3T3-L1 adipocytes indicate that contact interaction with adipocytes is critical for the expression of IL-1β via NF-κB activation in adipose tissue neutrophils. Lipolysis of adipocytes accumulated neutrophils prior to macrophages in the WAT, and produced high levels of IL-1β via an ASC-caspase-1-mediated inflammasome pathway. Leukotriene B4 production in the WAT also contributed to neutrophil accumulation. Furthermore, neutrophils and IL-1β contributed to the expression of chemotactic molecules involved in high-fat diet-induced macrophage infiltration into the WAT. We have identified previously unappreciated roles for neutrophils in the development of adipose tissue inflammation: robust IL-1β production and infiltration of macrophages to initiate chronic inflammation.
Sulfide Determination by Silver/Sulfide Electrode (1977)

The method of sulfide analysis by selective ion electrode is examined, and an additional step which can be applied to all sulfide methods is described. This additional step removes interferences to the iodine titration and, at the same time, places the sample in an ideal solution for analysis. Sulfides can also be removed from slurries, such as oil field drilling muds, and analyzed by the use of the gas train. This step also helps prevent the loss of sample by volatilization and oxidation. Comparisons of titrimetric, commercially available selective ion electrode, and Drager tube methods showed the selective ion electrode to be most reproducible and accurate. Electrode methods require fewer standardizations of solutions and eliminate dependence on visual end points. However, more sophisticated equipment is needed to utilize the precision available from electrodes. The use of Drager tubes, while found to be the most convenient method, offers less accuracy, but remains suitable for several applications. Sample pretreatment with a gas train following careful sampling methods improves the reliability of all the sulfide methods and should be included as a part of the methods.
Potent Long‐Acting Growth Hormone Releasing Factor Analogues1a (1988)

Amidated fragments 1 to 29 of human growth hormone releasing factor, (GRF1-29NH2), were designed to encompass modifications that could prevent degradation by exopeptidases. The NH2-terminus was blocked by either N-methylation of Tyr1 or by introduction of NMeDAla2 while the COOH-terminus was blocked by an N-ethylamide. Other substitutions such as Nle in position 27 for methionine conferred stability toward air oxidation while Asn28, an amino acid substitution found in rat GRF, seemed to confer stronger binding affinity to the GRF receptor. Potency in vitro and duration of action in vivo of [NMeTyr1,Nle27,Asn28]hGRF1-29NHEt (4SG-29) were compared to those of hGRF1-40OH. 4SG-29 was found to be both ten times more potent than hGRF1-40)OH and exhibit significantly extended duration of action.
Radiomics-based assessment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is associated with genetic mutations and patient survival (2021)

<b>Purpose:</b> The purpose of our study was to combine differences in radiomic features extracted from lung regions in the computed tomography (CT) scans of patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) to identify associations with genetic variations and patient survival. <b>Approach:</b> A database of CT scans and genomic data from 169 patients diagnosed with IPF was collected retrospectively. Six region-of-interest pairs (three per lung, positioned posteriorly, anteriorly, and laterally) were placed in each of three axial CT sections for each patient. Thirty-one features were used in logistic regression to classify patients' genetic mutation status; classification performance was evaluated through the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve [average area under the ROC curve (AUC)]. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curve models quantified the ability of each feature to differentiate between survival curves based on feature-specific thresholds. <b>Results:</b> Nine first-order texture features and one fractal feature were correlated with TOLLIP-1 (rs4963062) mutations (AUC: 0.54 to 0.74), and five Laws' filter features were correlated with TOLLIP-2 (rs5743905) mutations (AUC: 0.53 to 0.70). None of the features analyzed were found to be correlated with MUC5B mutations. First-order and fractal features demonstrated the greatest discrimination between KM curves. <b>Conclusions:</b> A radiomics approach for the correlation of patient genetic mutations with image texture features has potential as a biomarker. These features also may serve as prognostic indicators using a survival curve modeling approach in which the combination of radiomic features and genetic mutations provides an enhanced understanding of the interaction between imaging phenotype and patient genotype on the progression and treatment of IPF.
Building Dissent Networks: Towards Effective Countermeasures against Large-Scale Communications Blackouts (2013)

Large-scale communications blackouts, such as those carried out by Egypt and Libya in 2011 and Syria in 2012 and 2013, have motivated a series of projects that aim to enable citizens to communicate even in the face of such heavy-handed censorship efforts. A common theme across these proposals has been the use of wireless mesh networks. We argue that such networks are poorly equipped to serve as a meaningful countermeasure against large-scale blackouts due to their intrinsically poor scaling properties. We further argue that projects in this space must consider user safety as first design priority and thus far have failed to preserve user anonymity and to rely only on innocuous hardware. From these two insights, we frame a definition of dissent networks to capture the essential requirements for blackout circumvention solutions. 1
Influence of Diet and Underlying Renal Disease on the Rate of Progression of Chronic Renal Failure (1987)

The data presented demonstrate that the underlying renal disease and the type of diet used are considerably influencing the rate of progression of chronic renal failure. In relative terms the course of the renal disease is mostly changed in patients suffering from glomerulonephritis, while in absolute terms patients suffering from polycystic kidney disease exhibit the slowest rate of progression. The comparison suggests that a low-protein diet purely based on vegetarian food might considerably slow down the overall rate of progression of chronic renal failure. This finding is supported by results obtained in animal experiments.
Distinctive coordination chemistry and biological significance of complexes with macrocyclic ligands (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleDistinctive coordination chemistry and biological significance of complexes with macrocyclic ligandsDaryle H. BuschCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1978, 11, 10, 392–400Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50130a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50130a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1046Altmetric-Citations208LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Visual content correlation analysis (2010)

Correlating content from multiple data fields is one of the key challenges in text mining. In this paper, we propose a visual analytics approach that leverages both content correlation analysis and interactive visualization technologies in analyzing and understanding content correlations. We have applied our work to analyzing NHAMCS data (National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey), which helps reveal healthcare-related data patterns through the correlations between unstructured data fields (e.g., cause of injury and diagnosis) and between structured and unstructured fields (e.g., gender and cause of injury).
Prolonged Reduction of High Blood Pressure With Human Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Delivery (1997)

Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) in peripheral vessels has been shown to modulate vascular resistance and blood pressure. We explored the effect of a continuous supply of human endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) on the blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by somatic gene delivery. A DNA construct containing the human eNOS gene fused to the cytomegalovirus promoter/enhancer was injected into SHR through the tail vein. A single injection of the naked eNOS plasmid DNA caused a significant reduction of systemic blood pressure for 5 to 6 weeks in SHR, and the effect continued for up to 10 to 12 weeks after a second injection. The differences were significant from 2 to 12 weeks postinjections (n=6, P<.01). In a separate experiment, L-arginine, the substrate of eNOS, was supplied in drinking water at a concentration of 7.5 g/L for 11 weeks after eNOS gene delivery. A maximal blood pressure reduction of 21 mm Hg in SHR was observed with eNOS DNA compared with that of control SHR injected with vector DNA (181.9+/-1.46 versus 202.7+/-2.79 mm Hg, mean+/-SEM, n=6, P<.01). Human eNOS gene delivery induces significant increases in urinary and aortic cGMP levels and urinary and serum nitrite/nitrate content (P<.05), while no significant differences in body weight, heart rate, water intake, food consumption, or urine excretion were observed. These results indicate that somatic delivery of the human eNOS gene induces a prolonged reduction of high blood pressure and raises the potential of using eNOS gene therapy for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
Structure-Guided Rescaffolding of Selective Antagonists of BCL-XL (2014)

Because of the promise of BCL-2 antagonists in combating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), interest in additional selective antagonists of antiapoptotic proteins has grown. Beginning with a series of selective, potent BCL-XL antagonists containing an undesirable hydrazone functionality, in silico design and X-ray crystallography were utilized to develop alternative scaffolds that retained the selectivity and potency of the starting compounds.
Insulin Binding in Human Pregnancy: Comparisons to the Postpartum, Luteal, and Follicular States* (1981)

We have studied insulin binding to isolated erythrocytes from 28 nondiabetic, pregnant women and have compared these results to similar data obtained in nonpregnant, nondiabetic women. In the nonpregnant subjects insulin binding was 35% higher during the follicular stage of the menstrual cycle as compared to the luteal phase. In the pregnant women insulin binding was comparable to that seen in the nonpregnant women during the follicular phase but was higher than that seen during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Insulin binding was measured in 5 pregnant women during the third trimester and in the postpartum period. In these subjects insulin binding to erythrocytes declined by 31% after delivery. These results demonstrate that erythrocyte insulin receptors are not decreased in normal human pregnancy despite the presence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Providing erythrocyte insulin receptors are reflective of insulin receptors in other tissues in human pregnancy, these findings suggest that some factor exists in pregnancy that modulates insulin receptors in a positive manner and are consistent with the possibility that the insulin resistance in pregnancy is related to a postreceptor abnormality.
Backhaul-aware small cell DTX based on fuzzy Q-Learning in heterogeneous cellular networks (2016)

In this paper, we investigate optimal control of cell discontinuous transmission (DTX) for small cells in heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets). The small cell transmission activity is dynamically orchestrated in a centralized way to jointly minimize the power consumption of Radio Access Network (RAN) and backhaul (BH), while at the same time satisfying user Quality of Service (QoS) constraints. We propose a Fuzzy Q-Learning scheme that combines Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) theory to enable system optimization in realistic environments. Our analysis shows that 1) joint RAN and BH optimization is necessary to correctly design network energy saving functions and 2) the proposed controller results in notable energy saving with respect to the classic DTX approach.
Measurement of Coefficient of Dynamic Friction between Stir Rod and Material in Friction Stir Welding : 2nd Report : Evaluation Based on Torque Acting on Material (2004)

In the present study, concerning the coefficient of dynamic friction (i between stir rod and welded material which is quite important for clarifying heat transfer processes in friction stir welding, spot friction stir welding and so on, evaluation of the coefficient μ has been conducted based on torque measurement acting on the material. From the measured results using aluminum alloy A7075 as a welded material, it has been shown that the first approximate value of 0.76 can be evaluated for the coefficient of dynamic friction between the stir rod (high speed tool steel, SKH51) and A7075.
All-Glass Heated Inlet System (AGHIS) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Synthesis of chiral and achiral pyranenamine derivatives. Potent agents with topical ocular antiallergic activity (1991)

The SS, RR and meso stereoisomers of pyranenamine SK&F 84210 were synthesized stereospecifically starting from commercially available (R)-(-)- or (S)-(+)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol. In addition, two achiral pyranenamines 19 and 26 were also synthesized. When evaluated by intravenous and topical routes in the rat passive ocular anaphylaxis (POA) assay, (SS)- and meso-2 as well as achiral compounds 19 and 26 were found to be more potent antiallergic agents than (RR)-2.
Computing with a trillion crummy components (2007)

Attempting to build nanometer-scale circuits that are both defect- and fault-tolerant.
Can Ferumoxytol be Used as a Contrast Agent to Differentiate Between Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Kidney Disease? (2015)

Ferumoxytol-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging allows detection and differentiation of acute and chronic inflammatory kidney disease based on different patterns of parenchymal ferumoxytol depositions. Ferumoxytol thus might help to differentiate between different types of inflammation in various kidney diseases.
Supplementary Figure 1 from BET Bromodomain Inhibition of <i>MYC</i>-Amplified Medulloblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 567K, A, Gene expression sub-group profiling of MB002 and MB004 patient-derived medulloblastoma cell lines. B, Western blot (left) and densitometry of western blot (right) depicting MYC expression relative to β actin loading control in patient derived medulloblastoma cell lines. ** depict cell lines which are known to harbor amplification of MYC.&lt;/p&gt;
The risk of tibial eminence avulsion fracture with bi-unicondylar knee arthroplasty (2022)

Tibial eminence avulsion fracture has a similar risk associated with Bi-UKA to UKA-M. The risk is higher for smaller and less dense tibiae. To minimize risk, it is most important to avoid overstuffing the joint, followed by correctly positioning the medial implant, taking care not to narrow the bone island anteriorly.Cite this article: <i>Bone Joint Res</i> 2022;11(8):575-584.