gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Nonlinear Optical Crosstalk in Silicon Nanowaveguides (2011)

We investigate optical crosstalk on a signal in a silicon nanowaveguide due to the presence of another signal by direct radio frequency crosstalk level measurements in a pump-probe configuration and by bit-error-rate-based characterization. We quantify this degradation as a function of the modulation frequency and power of the auxiliary signal. Our results indicate that two-photon and free-carrier absorption are primary facilitators of crosstalk in silicon nanowaveguides.
Efficient and Targeted Suppression of Human Lung Tumor Xenografts in Mice with Methotrexate Sodium Encapsulated in All‐Function‐in‐One Chimeric Polymersomes (2016)

Anisamide-functionalized reversibly crosslinked chimeric polymersomes emerge as an "all-function-in-one" nanoplatform for efficient loading and targeted delivery of methotrexate disodium, a potent water-soluble anticancer drug, to sigma receptor overexpressing H460 nonsmall lung cancer xenografts in vivo, leading to markedly improved tumor-growth inhibition and survival rate and depleted adverse effects as compared to the clinically used formulation (Trexall).
Stannous Chloride Reductive Treatment and Kinetics Using Hexavalent Chromium in Water Supplies (2020)

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] occurs in groundwater and poses potential health concern when present above 10 μg/L in drinking water. Cr(VI) redox conversion to Cr(III), a less toxic and soluble chromium species at groundwater pH, is potentially an effective strategy to control Cr(VI). Stannous chloride (SnCl2), which is already approved for use in drinking water treatment, was investigated in model and real Arizona groundwater for Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) by using a jar testing apparatus. With <1 min of mixing, SnCl2 chemically reduced Cr(VI), producing both soluble and particulate forms of tin and chromium. The rate and extent of this reaction varied as a function of Sn(II):Cr(VI) dosing ratios and pH. An empirical rate equation was parameterized using experimental data: d[Cr(VI)]/dt = −k[H+]−0.25[Sn2+]0.85[CrO42−]3 with k = 0.033 μM−2.6s−1. Experimental results and equilibrium modeling showed that apparent competition occurs in real groundwater where coexisting oxyanions (e.g., arsenate) likely react with SnCl2. While freshly prepared commercial-grade and reagent-grade SnCl2 solutions behaved similarly, exposure to the air for 1 to 2 weeks resulted in >50% reduction in Cr(VI) removal capability and raised concern over on-site storage or intermittent use as a wellhead treatment strategy. Results suggest that SnCl2 reductive treatment is a simple, rapid, and highly effective method to treat Cr(VI) in groundwater.
A closed form approximation of the sum rate upperbound of random beamforming (2008)

In this letter, a closed form expression of the sum rate upperbound is derived for random beamforming. The proposed analytic solution provides a good approximation of the 'actual' sum rate performance, for which the conventional asymptotic analysis is less meaningful. Moreover, our result leads to an implication of the asymptotic growth rate of M log log K.
Intestinal inflammatory profile shows increase in a diversity of biomarkers in irritable bowel syndrome (2020)

<b>Background:</b> It has been proposed that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a low-grade mucosal inflammatory disease.<b>Objective:</b> To characterize the intestinal inflammatory profile in IBS patients with or without fructose intolerance.<b>Design:</b> Patients referred to colonoscopy with IBS complaints were screened for participation. IBS patients diagnosed according to the Rome II criteria and with no organic gastrointestinal disease were included in the study. One subgroup was patients included in a fructose-reduced diet study for 2 months with effects based on VAS symptom scores. Healthy controls were subjects under investigation of colorectal cancer screening with no IBS or other gastrointestinal diseases. All patients included had normal histology from rectum. Mucosal cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were measured by multiplex technology.<b>Results:</b> Of 27 inflammatory markers tested in the mucosal tissue, 13 were significantly increased and none was significantly decreased in IBS as compared to controls. Significantly increased were the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor, the typical TH1 markers IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-2 and RANTES, the typical TH2 markers IL-5 and IL-9, the TH17 marker IL-17, TNF, the pleiotropic IL-15, and the growth factors bFGF and GM-CSF. In IBS patients with fructose intolerance only IL-5 was significantly increased compared to patients without fructose intolerance.<b>Conclusions:</b> A dysregulated mucosal inflammatory profile with an increased level of TH1, TH2 and TH17 markers, and growth factors were observed in bowel mucosa in of IBS patients when compared to healthy controls.
Silicon waveguide sidewall smoothing by wet chemical oxidation (2005)

This paper reports a new and more efficient Si waveguide sidewall smoothing process using wet chemical oxidation. Sidewall roughness is a major source of loss and an impediment to realizing high-transmission Si waveguides. The postetch multistepped approach allows for efficient smoothing (in terms of roughness amplitude reduction to material consumption) by continuous oxidation in the fast reaction-limited regime. This method reduces waveguide transmission loss without sacrificing dimensional integrity or thermal budget. In this proof-of-concept work, Si waveguide sidewall loss has been reduced from 9.2 to 1.9 dB/cm.
Maple-Leaf Shaped Broadband Optical Nano-Antenna with Hybrid Plasmonic Feed for Nano-Photonic Applications (2021)

This article presents a broadband optical nano-antenna, which covers a broader range of optical communication wavelengths (666 to 6000 nm), used in nano-photonic applications. The proposed design is modeled and analyzed to obtain a satisfactory gain of up to 11.4 dBi for a single element-based antenna. The unique feature of the proposed antenna is the hybrid plasmonic waveguide-based feed, which receives the optical signal from the planar waveguide and redirects the signal out of the plane. The proposed antenna provides highly directional radiation properties, which makes it a suitable candidate for inter- and intra-chip optical communications and sensing applications. Moreover, an extension of the work is performed for an array configuration of the order 2 × 1 and 64 × 1, to increase the gain and directionality. Therefore, this shows that it can be equally useful for optical energy harvesting applications with a significant gain up to 26.8 dBi.
Poly(arylene ether-co-imidazole)s as toughness modifiers for epoxy resins (1994)

A toughened epoxy was prepared by reacting an epoxy resin with a poly(arylene ether-co-imidazole)s (PAEI). The epoxy resin comprises N,N,N',N'tetraglycidyl-4,4'- methylenebisbenzenamine and 4-aminophenyl sulfone. The PAEI was prepared by reacting an aromatic bisphenol, a bisphenol imidazole, and an activated aromatic dihalide or dinitro compound in the presence of potassium carbonate in a polar aprotic solvent at an elevated temperature. The epoxies which were modified with these particular PAEI's showed a significant increase in toughness with only a 10 weight percent loading of the PAEI into the epoxy. These toughened epoxies were used to prepare composites and molded parts.
Prioritization of driver mutations in pancreatic cancer using cancer-specific high-throughput annotation of somatic mutations (CHASM) (2010)

Over 20,000 genes were recently sequenced in a series of 24 pancreatic cancers. We applied CHASM (Cancer-specific High-throughput Annotation of Somatic Mutations) to 963 of the missense somatic missense mutations discovered in these 24 cancers. CHASM identified putative driver mutations (false discovery rate ≤0.3) in three known pancreatic cancer driver genes (P53, SMAD4, CDKN2A). An additional 15 genes with putative driver mutations include genes coding for kinases (PIK3CG, DGKA, STK33, TTK and PRKCG), for cell cycle related proteins (NEK8), and for proteins involved in cell adhesion (CMAS, PCDHB2). These and other mutations identified by CHASM point to potential "driver genes" in pancreatic cancer that should be prioritized for additional follow-up.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Phosphatidyl Glycerol (1970)

When the lipids of M. pneumoniae were fractionated by silicic acid column chromatography, the major serologically reactive material was usually eluted with chloroform-methanol, 9:1. Initially or after rechromatography the 9:1 eluates contained primarily a phospholipid moiety which on chemical analysis appeared to be phosphatidyl glycerol. Although this phospholipid did not react with M. pneumoniae antibodies, it acted as an auxiliary lipid to enhance the activity of the glycolipid haptens which were present in low concentration in the 9:1 eluates.
Supplementary Table 1. Supplementary Figures 1 and 2. from Intratumoral Payload Concentration Correlates with the Activity of Antibody–Drug Conjugates (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. (A) Quantitation of PBD in tumors and (B) total antibody in plasma of xenograft mice following intravenously administration of ADC conjugates. Figure S1. (A-D) Correlation (X-Y plots) of tumor growth inhibition with intratumor PBD exposures after intravenous administration of corresponding ADCs A1-A4. Figure S2. Disulfide stability and immolation for payload release in incubations of ADCs A1-A4 in the presence of cysteine at pH 5.5 or 7.0.&lt;/p&gt;
Fluid Sensitivity Analyses in Tight Sandstones—When Rocks Behave Badly (2016)

Abstract Reservoir rocks can be highly sensitive to fluids introduced through hydraulic fracturing, water disposal, or waterflood injection. The sensitivity of reservoir rocks to fluids can lead to reduced permeability and permanent formation damage resulting in reduced productivity or injectivity. It is generally assumed that clays are the primary culprit in formation damage caused by swelling, increased clay-bound water, water shock, or denigration. In this chapter, we present results from a two-year effort to understand the fluid sensitivity of tight sandstone reservoirs in the Greater Monument Butte Unit (GMBU) in the Uinta Basin, Utah, U.S.A. Newfield Exploration (NFX) drills and completes approximately 200 wells per year in the field, which is currently under waterflood with injection rates of ~90,000 barrels per day. When we initiated this study, NFX completed wells with fresh water. Pore-scale imaging was the key to designing new core flood experiments that led to optimized completions fluids for the field. Initially, we assumed that potential fluid sensitivity was caused by mixed-layer illite-smectite (I/S). XRD (x-ray diffraction) and SEM (scanning electron microscope) images indicated that some GMBU reservoir rocks contained pore-bridging I/S. We designed initial core flood experiments combined with core nuclear magnetic resonance to identify and quantify clay reactions. The results of these initial tests indicated that the reservoirs were sensitive to lower-salinity completions fluids and a reduction in permeability was observed. We utilized a new approach involving pore-scale imaging to identify the mechanism causing permeability reduction. Comparison of SEM images of minerals in pores before and after fluid placement identified calcite dissolution and fines migration as the cause of permeability reduction. Micro-CT (micro-computed tomography) scans combined with registered EDX (energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy) mineralogy provided the context for the severity of the problem, especially in the better reservoir rock. The results of this work challenge a number of commonly held assumptions of rock–fluid sensitivity and have implications on how to design effective fluid sensitivity studies using core. This work involved collaboration between petrophysicists, geologists, engineers, and facilities personnel to design and implement a completions fluid that does not damage multiple reservoirs while remaining cost effective and efficient. This work demonstrates the value of focused science within the context of cost and field operational constraints.
Study of elastic non-linearity of soft solids with transient elastography (2004)

Transient elastography has shown its efficiency to map the elastic properties of soft tissues. Now like other elastic imaging techniques (sonoelastography or magnetic resonance elastography) transient elastography is faced to the following problem:in order to properly discriminate tumors, additional information such as viscosity, anisotropy or nonlinearity is needed. If nonlinearity has long been studied in metals, crystals or rocks, only a few experimental works are found in the literature concerning soft tissues and none on shear waves. Thanks to the ultrafast scanner that can map the displacement field of shear waves, we present in this paper an overview of three experiments that allow to illustrate and quantify the nonlinear behavior of soft tissue phantoms. In the first one, a static stress is applied on an Agar-gelatin based sample. The change on the shear wave speed characterizes the nonlinear elastic Landau moduli (A=50 kPa, B=7 GPa, C=11 GPa). The surprising difference found between these constants are thought to be closely related to the huge difference between the linear Lame coefficients (/spl lambda/>>/spl mu/). It is the acoustoelasticity experiment. In the second one, we present an experimental observation of a shock shear wave. The very weak Young's modulus of the tissue phantom allows one to generate plane shear wave with a Mach number as high as unity. In this extreme configuration, the agreement with the numerical simulation of the modified Burgers equation is remarkable. It is the finite-amplitude shear wave experiment. At last, the interaction between two plane transverse waves with frequencies /spl omega//sub 1/ and /spl omega//sub 2/ is carefully studied. Harmonics and secondary waves are created during the propagation at the frequencies (3/spl omega//sub 1/, 3/spl omega//sub 2/, /spl omega//sub 1/+2/spl omega//sub 2/, /spl omega//sub 1/-2/spl omega//sub 2/, /spl omega//sub 2/+2/spl omega//sub 1/, /spl omega//sub 2/-2/spl omega//sub 1/). It is the nonlinear interaction experiment. The nonlinear coefficients deduced from the two latter experiments are comparable to the order of magnitude of the Landau coefficients found from the first experiment.
Figure S3 from JAK1/STAT3 Activation through a Proinflammatory Cytokine Pathway Leads to Resistance to Molecularly Targeted Therapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3. Activated pathway analysis after proinflammatory cytokine stimulation in NSCLC cells. H23 cells were transfected with an siRNA specific for IL6 cytokine receptors (OSMR, LIFR), JAK family members, or scrambled negative control for 72 hours and then were treated with an IL6 family-cytokine (rhIL6, rhOSM, rhLIF; 1 ng.mL) for 1 hour. Expression levels of indicated proteins in cell lysates were analyzed by Western blotting. Sufficient knockdown efficacy by each siRNA was confirmed. When JAK1 was knocked down, expression of OSMR was also downregulated.&lt;/p&gt;
Design and Synthesis of Some Phenoxy Acids as Potential Non-Covalent Antisickling Agents (2016)

Two series of phenoxy acids, 18 compounds (Fig. 1), were designed and synthesized to be evaluated as antisickling agents. Oxygen equilibrium study of the target compounds was performed using Oxygen Equilibrium Curve (OEC). Some of the tested compounds causedleft-shift the allosteric equilibrium to produce a high-O2-affinity Hb, others showed right-shift the curve indicating low-O2-affinity Hb, while the rest did not affect the Oxygen Equilibrium Curve. RBC morphological antisickling study of representative compounds 7b (left shifted) and 17d (right shifted) were also performed.The obtained results indicated more RBC sickling effect, as expected for 17d, while no effect was observed for 7b.
Topology optimization for optical microlithography with partially coherent illumination (2016)

This article revisits a topology optimization design approach for micro-manufacturing and extends it to optical microlithography with partially coherent illumination. The solution is based on a combination of two technologies, the topology optimization and the proximity error correction in microlithography/nanolithography. The key steps include (i) modeling the physical inputs of the fabrication process, including the ultraviolet light illumination source and the mask, as the design variables in optimization and (ii) applying physical filtering and heaviside projection for topology optimization, which corresponds to the aerial image formulation and the pattern development processes, respectively. The proposed approach results in an effective source and a binary design mask, which can be sent directly to fabrication without additional post-processing steps for proximity error correction. Meanwhile, the performance of the device is optimized and robust with respect to process variations, such as dose/photo-resist variations and lens defocus. A compliant micro-gripper design example is considered to demonstrate the applicability of this approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism of Structure Direction in the Synthesis of Pure-Silica Zeolites. 2. Hydrophobic Hydration and Structural Specificity (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of Structure Direction in the Synthesis of Pure-Silica Zeolites. 2. Hydrophobic Hydration and Structural SpecificitySandra L. Burkett and Mark E. DavisCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 8, 1453–1463Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00056a009https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00056a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1355Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of Hyperbranched Block Copolymers as Templates for the Generation of Nanoporous Organosilicates (2001)

A general route to organic–inorganic hybrids with nanophase morphologies has been elaborated with the objective of ultimately generating nanoporosity in organosilicates. Hyperbranched block copolymers prepared by either the sequential or concurrent polymerization of an ABC monomer ( γ-( ∊-caprolactone) 2-bromo-2-dimethylpropionate) with a BCD monomer (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) were used as the macromolecular templates. The two monomers, each polymerizing by different chemistries, for example ring-opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization, bear initiating centres that are targeted for the functionality located on the accompanying monomer. Consequentially, a branched polymer is obtained which avoids the traditional multistep procedures. The branching density was altered simply by the addition of the appropriate AB ( ∊-caprolactone) and/or CD (methyl methacrylate) comonomers. These polymers were readily soluble initially in the organosilicate prepolymer (methyl silsesquioxane), however, upon the onset of crosslinking, both the solubility parameters and molecular weight of the organosilicate (polymethylsilsesquioxane) change, causing the hyperbranched polymer to phase separate by a nucleation and growth process. The organic polymer was selectively removed by thermolysis, producing a nanoporous inorganic structure. The size and shape of the pores are identical to those of the initial hybrid morphology. A significant reduction in the dielectric constant was achieved by simply replacing a portion of the glass matrix with air, which has a dielectric constant of 1.0.
Can the developing striatum effect the dopaminergic features of hNT neurons in vitro? (2003)

Our laboratory is investigating the dopaminergic (DA) characteristics of the human, neuronally committed hNT cells for the DA replenishment therapies, like Parkinson's disease. Recent in vitro experiments indicated that hNT cells express markers typical of DA neurons in the substania nigra (SN) including tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), aldehyde dehydrogenase and transcription factor Nurr1. Even though up to 50% of cultured hNT neurons express TH, the long‐term maintenance of DA phenotype may depend on additional factors. Since the striatum is a target tissue for DA neurons in the SN, the goal of the present study is to examine the effect of the developing striatum on the TH expression of hNT neurons in a simplified coculture system. Acknowledgement: Supported by the Shimberg Scholar Award.
Increased Valency of Conserved-mosaic Vaccines Enhances the Breadth and Depth of Epitope Recognition (2015)

The biggest roadblock in development of effective vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the virus genetic diversity. For T-cell vaccine, this can be tackled by focusing the vaccine-elicited T-cells on the highly functionally conserved regions of HIV-1 proteins, mutations in which typically cause a replicative fitness loss, and by computing multivalent mosaic proteins, which maximize the coverage of potential 9-mer T-cell epitopes of the input viral sequences. Our first conserved region vaccines HIVconsv employed clade alternating consensus sequences and showed promise in the initial clinical trials in terms of magnitude and breadth of elicited CD8(+) T-cells. Here, monitoring T-cells restricted by HLA-A*02:01 in transgenic mice, we assessed whether or not the tHIVconsv design (HIVconsv with a tissue plasminogen activator leader sequence) benefits from combining with a complementing conserved mosaic immunogen tHIVcmo, and compared the bivalent immunization to that with trivalent conserved mosaic vaccines. A hierarchy of tHIVconsv ≤ tHIVconsv+tHIVcmo < tCmo1+tCmo2+tCmo3 vaccinations for induction of CD8(+) T-cell responses was observed in terms of recognition of tested peptide variants. Thus, our HLA-A*02:01-restricted epitope data concur with previously published mouse and macaque observations and suggest that even conserved region vaccines benefit from oligovalent mosaic design.