gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliable Detection and Power in an Electronic Sliding Sleeve Multistage Completion System (2018)

Abstract A new electronic sliding sleeve has been developed for hydraulic fracturing that provides the operational efficiency of sliding sleeves while enabling an unlimited number of fracturing zones and eliminating the milling of the baffle seat. This system uses electronic sensors and battery power to determine when the next stage of the fracture is ready for pumping. The reliability of the sensors, electronics, and batteries must be addressed to achieve a reliable fracturing system. Traditional sliding sleeves use a series of progressively smaller-sized balls that shift sleeves by landing on progressively smaller-sized baffles. The new electronic sliding sleeve has the intelligence to enable opening the sleeve without the use of progressively sized balls and baffles. The result is a monobore construction that enables stimulating an unlimited number of zones and simplifies well completion design and installation. The electronic implementation improves the mechanical reliability beyond mechanical monobore fracturing tools but introduces other concerns of reliability. This paper reports on the reliability testing of the electrical components including the electronics, sensor, and battery. Electrical reliability of the new sliding sleeve was evaluated at high temperature, extended service duration, and high pump rates. The sleeve operates by counting the passage of frac balls and then shifting the sleeve when the programmed number of balls has passed. This battery-powered electronic sliding sleeve has an onboard sensor and processor equipped to count the balls. Once the programmed number of balls has been detected, an actuator commands the sleeve to shift. The sliding sleeve requires reliable operation of all components. A probabilistic model is used to account for stochastic variation in batteries and electronics. The magnetic sensors detected the frac ball over a wide temperature range and at flow rates ranging from near static to more than 100 bbl/min. The batteries were characterized for operating life, passivation, and self-discharge. Power consumption and reliability of the electronics were tested to accurately predict remaining operational life of the electronic system under a wide range of conditions. The resulting electronic sliding sleeve also increases mechanical reliability. A programmable battery-powered electronic sliding sleeve increases flexibility, reliability, mechanical simplicity, and robustness for multistage hydraulic fracturing. This new fracturing system is particularly applicable in extended reach applications by offering an unlimited number of zones with a simple monobore construction.
Vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity in the chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane. (1979)

During embryonic development of the chick, the onset of calcium transport by the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is concomitant with the appearance of a calcium-binding protein (CaBP). The development-specific expression of the CaBP in the CAM is inhibited by vitamin K antagonism in ovo with the anticoagulant, warfarin. However, the CaBP remains immunologically detectable in the CAM of warfarin-treated embryos, suggesting the presence of a precursor form of the CaBP. Previously, we have demonstrated that CaBP expression in CAM organ cultures is inducible by vitamin K. Furthermore, the CaBP contains several residues of the modified amino acid, gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (gamma-CGlu), which has been shown to be formed by vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of glutamic acid in several plasma clotting proteins. This study reports the presence of a post-translational, vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity in the CAM. Our results show that explants of CAM incorporate H14CO3 in an age-specific and vitamin K-dependent manner. Incorporation of H14CO3 by the CAM is further potentiated by warfarin treatment of the embryos, presumably owing to an elevation of the amount of endogenous uncarboxylated protein precursor(s). Among the subcellular (nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal, and soluble) fractions of the CAM, only microsomes exhibit specific incorporation of of H14CO3 into gamma-CGlu. The CAM microsomal carboxylation activity is post-translational, vitamin K-dependent, specific for prenylated homologs of vitamin K, sensitive to warfarin, and appears to be unrelated to the activities of biotin-dependent carboxylases or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Optimal carboxylation activity occurs after incubation of the microsomes with H14CO3 for 60 min at 37 degrees C in the presence of over 100 microgram of vitamin K1/ml.
Spatial Distributions of Larval, Newly-Settled, and Benthic Stages of Bivalves in Subtidal Areas Adjacent to Tidal Flats (1996)

Spatial distributions of planktonic larvae and newly-settled and benthic stages of three species of bivalves (Ruditapes philippinarum, Nuttallia oliuacea, Musculista senhousia) were investigated in the subtidal area adjacent to the tidal flats of the Ano and Shitomo Rivers. In all three species the benthic juveniles and adults were very scarce in the subtidal area, while the larvae occurred abundantly there. The newly-settled and benthic bivalves tended to occur at sites near the low water of tidal level water. This suggests that larvae avoid settling on the bottom in the subtidal area but are transported to the lower margin of the tidal flats.
Supplementary Tables from HER2 Reactivation through Acquisition of the HER2 L755S Mutation as a Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to HER2-targeted Therapy in HER2<sup>+</sup> Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary tables S1-S4&lt;/p&gt;
THERMAL STABILITY OF THERMOLUMINESCENCE IN CHONDRITES (1979)

New results are presented concerning the decay of thermoluminescence in ordinary chondrites. No evidence is found for the existence of two different decay rates as previously reported and a new interpretation of the earlier data is presented. The relevance to determination of terrestrial ages by thermoluminescence is discussed.
1A1-H19 Performance Evaluation of the Thin Type Four-Axis Force/Moment Sensor as Two-Times Model for the Robot Hand's Fingertip (2008)

Multi-axis force/moment sensor can measure force and moment is helpful for robotic force control. But the smallest multi-axis force/moment sensor has oversized height and worsens the stability of tasks. So it is expected to develop thin type multi-axis force/moment sensor enables robot hand to grasp object as if it were human. Therefore, we aim to develop thin type four-axis force/moment sensor can be mounted to finger cushion direction in this study. We obtained sufficient sensitivities concerning each axial direction as a result of sensitivity evaluation being based on finite element analysis and characteristic test applied determined positions putting strain gauges.
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/SIGDA 14th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays (2006)

Welcome to FPGA 2006, the Fourteenth International Symposium on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays. FPGA remains the premier conference for advances in all areas related to FPGA technology. With ever increasing NRE costs, DSM effects, and FPGA capacities, the importance of FPGAs today is as high as ever. Continuing our traditional themes, the papers in this year's symposium present new developments in architecture, the impact of technology on FPGA designs, improved CAD techniques and algorithms, and new techniques for efficiently mapping applications to FPGAs. Papers and the panel discussion demonstrate increasing attention to power and point out where there is still much room for innovation and improvement in FPGA architecture and CAD.This year the symposium attracted one hundred submissions. We have selected 22 papers for presentation. We also invited 30 papers for poster presentation.FPGA 2006 provides a relaxed atmosphere for informal information exchange, networking, and stimulating discussion with leaders in the FPGA field from both industry and academia. Paper sessions are separated by ample time to peruse the poster presentations and discuss the latest developments in the field. We hope you will take this opportunity to see the cutting-edge of FPGA innovation, make new contacts, and reacquaint yourself with old colleagues.
CRISPR screens identify gene targets and drug repositioning opportunities at breast cancer risk loci (2021)

Summary Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified &gt;200 loci associated with breast cancer (BC) risk. The majority of candidate causal variants (CCVs) are in non-coding regions and are likely to modulate cancer risk by regulating gene expression. We recently developed a scoring system, INQUISIT, to predict candidate risk genes at BC-risk loci. Here, we used pooled CRISPR activation and suppression screens to validate INQUISIT predictions, and to define the cancer phenotypes they mediate. We measured proliferation in 2D, 3D, and in immune-deficient mice, as well as the effect on the DNA damage response. We performed 60 CRISPR screens and identified 21 high-confidence INQUISIT predictions that mediate a cancer phenotype. We validated the direct regulation of a subset of genes by BC-risk variants using HiCHIP and CRISPRqtl. Furthermore, we show the utility of expression profiling for drug repurposing against these targets. We provide a platform for identifying gene targets of risk variants, and lay a blueprint of interventions for BC risk reduction and treatment.
Development of a new RF coil and γ-ray radiation shielding assembly for improved MR image quality in SPECT/MRI (2010)

Magnetic resonance (MR)-based multimodality imaging systems, such as single-photon emission tomography (SPECT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI, face many difficulties because of problems with the compatibility of the nuclear detector system with the MR system. However, several studies have reported on the design considerations of MR-compatible nuclear detectors for combined SPECT/MRI. In this study, we developed a new radiofrequency (RF) coil and gamma-ray radiation shielding assembly to advance the practical implementation of SPECT/MRI in providing high sensitivity while minimizing the interference between the MRI and SPECT systems. The proposed assembly consists of a three-channel receive-only RF coil and gamma-ray radiation shields made of a specialized lead composite powder designed to reduce conductivity and thus minimizing any effect on the magnetic field arising from the induced eddy currents. A conventional birdcage RF coil was also tested for comparison with the proposed RF coil. Quality (Q)-factors were measured using both RF coils without any shielding, with solid lead shielding, and with our composite lead shielding. Signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were calculated using 4 T MR images of phantoms both with and without the new gamma-ray radiation shields. The Q-factor and SNR measurements demonstrate the improved MRI performance due to the new RF coil/gamma-ray radiation shield assembly designed for SPECT/MRI, making it a useful addition to multimodality imaging technology not only for animal studies but also for in vivo study of humans.
Synthesis of Novel Purine‐Based Coxsackievirus Inhibitors Bearing Polycylic Substituents at the N‐9 Position (2014)

The synthesis of a novel library of purine derivatives bearing various bicyclic and polycylic substituents at the N-9 position is described. The series includes norbornanes, bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes, and bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes attached at the bridgehead position as well as bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes, tetrahydro-1-naphthalenes, and adamantanes bonded either directly or via a linear chain to the 6-chloropurine nucleobase. A number of prepared derivatives exerted significant activity against the enterovirus. Despite attempts to correlate the activity against picornaviruses with their phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase KIIIβ inhibitory activity, it is clear that the inhibition of this host factor cannot explain the observed antiviral potency.
Efficient data compression from statistical physics of codes over finite fields (2011)

In this paper we discuss a novel data compression technique for binary symmetric sources based on the cavity method over GF(q), the Galois Field of order q. We present a scheme of low complexity and near-optimal empirical performance. The compression step is based on a reduction of a sparse low-density parity-check code over GF(q) and is done through the so-called reinforced belief-propagation equations. These reduced codes appear to have a nontrivial geometrical modification of the space of codewords, which makes such compression computationally feasible. The computational complexity is O(dnqlog(2)q) per iteration, where d is the average degree of the check nodes and n is the number of bits. For our code ensemble, decompression can be done in a time linear in the code's length by a simple leaf-removal algorithm.
Intelligent Demand Response Scheme for Customer Side Load Management (2008)

Demand response (DR) provides means for utilities to reduce the power consumption and save energy. Plus, it maximizes utilizing the current capacity of the distribution system infrastructure, reducing or eliminating the need for building new lines and expanding the system. A typical DR program requires two parties to cooperate: the utility and the customers. In this paper a novel intelligent demand response module is designed and proposed to be implemented at the customer side. The primary target of this design is large industrial sized customers that often have several manufacturing/production lines consisting of mostly large electric motors. The proposed DR module design is based on the expert systems theory. Different modules are designed that take the market rates as well as the local load management policy of the customer into account in order to make a decision for reducing the load. The validity of the proposed algorithm is tested on the IEEE 34-bus distribution test feeder in the real-time RT-Lab environment.
Lung Clearance Index and Structural Lung Disease on Computed Tomography in Early Cystic Fibrosis (2015)

These data suggest that lung clearance index may be a useful surveillance tool to monitor structural lung disease in preschool and school-age children with CF. However, lung clearance index cannot replace chest computed tomography to screen for bronchiectasis in this population.
The Role of p38 MAP Kinase in Hydrogen Peroxide Mediated Endothelial Solute Permeability (2001)

These data demonstrate that p38 MAP kinase activity is involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated permeability, stress fiber formation, and intracellular gap formation.
GLCCI1 variant accelerates pulmonary function decline in patients with asthma receiving inhaled corticosteroids (2014)

Abstract Background In steroid‐naive patients with asthma, several gene variants are associated with a short‐term response to inhaled corticosteroid ( ICS ) treatment; this has mostly been observed in C aucasians. However, not many studies have been conducted for other ethnicities. Here, we aimed to determine the relationship between the annual decline in forced expiratory flow volume in one second ( FEV 1 ) and the variant of the glucocorticoid‐induced transcript 1 gene ( GLCCI 1 ) in Japanese patients with asthma receiving long‐term ICS treatment, taking into account the effect of high serum periostin levels, a known association factor of pulmonary function decline and a marker of refractory eosinophilic/ T h2 inflammation. Methods In this study, 224 patients with asthma receiving ICS treatment for at least 4 years were enrolled. The effects of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNP s) in GLCCI 1, stress‐induced phosphoprotein 1 ( STIP 1 ), and T gene on the decline in FEV 1 of 30 ml/year or greater were determined. Results Besides the known contributing factors, that is, the most intensive treatment step, ex‐smoking, and high serum periostin levels (≥95 ng/ml), the GG genotype of GLCC I1 rs37973, and not other SNP s, was independently associated with a decline in FEV 1 of 30 ml/year or greater. When patients were stratified according to their serum periostin levels, the GG genotype of rs37973 was significantly associated with blood eosinophilia (≥250/μl) in the high serum periostin group. Conclusions A GLCCI 1 variant is a risk factor of pulmonary function decline in J apanese patients with asthma receiving long‐term ICS treatment. Thus, GLCCI 1 may be associated with response to ICS across ethnicities.
The genome sequence of the Eurasian river otter, Lutra lutra Linnaeus 1758 (2020)

We present a genome assembly from an individual male <i>Lutra lutra</i> (the Eurasian river otter; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Eutheria; Carnivora; Mustelidae). The genome sequence is 2.44 gigabases in span. The majority of the assembly is scaffolded into 20 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with both X and Y sex chromosomes assembled.
Self-recovering multirate equalizers using redundant filterbank precoders (2002)

Transmitter redundancy introduced using FIR filterbank precoders offers a unifying framework for single- and multi-user transmissions. With minimal rate reduction, FIR filterbank transmitters with trailing zeros allow for perfect (in the absence of noise) equalization of FIR channels with FIR zero-forcing equalizer filterbanks, irrespective of the input color and the channel zero locations. Methods of exploiting input diversity, blind channel estimators, block synchronizers, and direct self-recovering equalizing filterbanks are derived. The resulting algorithms are computationally simple, require small data sizes, can be implemented online, and remain consistent (after appropriate modifications) even at low SNR colored noise. Simulations illustrate applications to multi-carrier modulation through channels with deep fades, and superior performance relative to the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) and existing output diversity techniques relying on multiple antennas and fractional sampling.
Ultrafast absorption recovery in germanium/silicon-germanium quantum wells (2010)

We show ultrafast absorption changes in germanium-based quantum wells, attributing these to exciton bleaching, ultrafast intervalley scattering, carrier escape and transport, and field screening, and compare these experimental results to modeling.
Effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on planned cancer surgery for 15 tumour types in 61 countries: an international, prospective, cohort study (2021)

National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
Buckling Performance of Hydrostatic Compression-Loaded 7-Inch Diameter Thermoplastic Composite Monocoque Cylinders (1995)

The general instability, or buckling performance, of thick compression loaded composite cylinders is not well understood. Few cylinders have been hydrostatically tested that exhibit a well-controlled buckling failure. This work includes the design, fabrication, and test results for two monocoque cylinders tested in hydrostatic compression to measure buckling performance. The design focused on assuring that buckling failure would occur before a strength failure. The analysis accounted for the effects of end cap design and boundary conditions. The two cylinders were insitu thermoplastic filament wound using AS4 Graphite/PEKK and S-2 Glass/PEKK. Quality was excellent, with 1% void volume fraction and negligible waviness. Both cylinders buckled elastically in their respective tests. The test results include acoustic emissions (AE) and measured strains versus pressure. Experimental results show excellent correlation with analytical predictions.
Minimizing Probing Cost for Detecting Interface Failures: Algorithms and Scalability Analysis (2009)

The automatic detection of failures in IP paths is an essential step for operators to perform diagnosis or for overlays to adapt. We study a scenario where a set of monitors send probes toward a set of target end-hosts to detect failures in a given set of IP interfaces. Unfortunately, there is a large probing cost to monitor paths between all monitors and targets at a very high frequency. We make two major contributions to reduce this probing cost. First, we propose a formulation of the probe optimization problem which, in contrast to the established formulation, is not NP complete. Second, we propose two linear programming algorithms to minimize probing cost. Our algorithms combine low frequency per-path probing to detect per-interface failures at a higher frequency. We analyze our solutions both analytically and experimentally. Our theoretical results show that the probing cost increases linearly with the number of interfaces in a random power-law graph. We confirm this linear increase in Internet graphs measured from PlanetLab and RON. Hence, Internet graphs belong to the most costly class of graph to probe.
The LinGO Redwoods treebank motivation and preliminary applications (2002)

The LinGO Redwoods initiative is a seed activity in the design and development of a new type of treebank. While several medium- to large-scale treebanks exist for English (and for other major languages), pre-existing publicly available resources exhibit the following limitations: (i) annotation is mono-stratal, either encoding topological (phrase structure) or tectogrammatical (dependency) information, (ii) the depth of linguistic information recorded is comparatively shallow, (iii) the design and format of linguistic representation in the treebank hard-wires a small, predefined range of ways in which information can be extracted from the treebank, and (iv) representations in existing treebanks are static and over the (often year- or decade-long) evolution of a large-scale treebank tend to fall behind the development of the field. LinGO Redwoods aims at the development of a novel treebanking methodology, rich in nature and dynamic both in the ways linguistic data can be retrieved from the treebank in varying granularity and in the constant evolution and regular updating of the treebank itself. Since October 2001, the project is working to build the foundations for this new type of treebank, to develop a basic set of tools for treebank construction and maintenance, and to construct an initial set of 10,000 annotated trees to be distributed together with the tools under an open-source license.