gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 128-Pixel Digitally-Programmable Microfluidic Platform for Non-Contact Droplet Actuation using Marangoni Flows (2007)

A contactless programmable fluidic processor utilizing Marangoni flows is presented. Two dimensional control of microdroplets suspended in oil is achieved using a 128-pixel heater array suspended 100-500 μm above the oil layer. The heaters create surface temperature perturbations (<7°C simulated), resulting in local recirculating Marangoni flows which can move droplets in either a push or pull mode. Programmed movement is achieved by the sequential activation of the heaters. Addressible control of each heater is provided by digital circuitry and a graphical interface. Droplets with diameters 300-1000 μm can be manipulated and merged at speeds up to 140 μm/s. This system provides a platform for high-throughput droplet-based assays where the reagents do not contact any solid surface.
Correction: Natural History of Progression of HPV Infection to Cervical Lesion or Clearance: Analysis of the Control Arm of the Large, Randomised PATRICIA Study (2013)

The control arm of PATRICIA (PApillomaTRIal against Cancer In young Adults, NCT00122681) was used to investigate the risk of progression from cervical HPV infection to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or clearance of infection, and associated determinants.
Wnt11 family dependent morphogenesis during frog gastrulation is marked by the cleavage furrow protein anillin (2022)

Abstract Wnt11 family proteins are ligands that activate a type of Dishevelled-mediated, non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Loss of function causes defects in gastrulation and/or anterior-posterior axis extension in all vertebrates. Non-mammalian vertebrate genomes encode two Wnt11 family proteins whose distinct functions have been unclear. We knocked down zygotic Wnt11b and Wnt11, separately and together, in Xenopus laevis . Single morphants exhibited very similar phenotypes of delayed blastopore closure, but they had different phenotypes at the tailbud stage. In response to their very similar gastrulation phenotypes, we chose to characterize dual morphants. Using dark field illuminated time-lapse imaging and kymograph analysis, we identified a failure of dorsal blastopore lip maturation that correlated with slower blastopore closure and failure to internalize the endoderm at the dorsal blastopore lip. We connected these externally visible phenotypes to cellular events in the internal tissues – including the archenteron – by imaging intact embryos stained for anillin and microtubules. The cleavage furrow protein anillin provided an exceptional cytological marker for blastopore lip and archenteron morphogenesis and the consequent disruption through loss of Wnt 11 signaling. These cytological changes suggest a novel role for the regulation of contractility and stiffness of the epithelial cells that result in dramatic shape changes and are important in gastrulation.
Bag-of-foods (2018)

Food has great influence on our health, but at the same time it delights us. Food plays complexed role in our life because of these different aspects, thus dietary preferences should clearly show one's characteristics. However, since large food-intake record dataset was not obtained, very few researches have attacked analyzing people's dietary preferences statistically. Today, recording food-intake, or foodlogging, is becoming popular. There are several services help people do foodlogging in easier process, which enables us to gain access to the large foodlog dataset.
Chardonnay Marc as a New Model for Upcycled Co-products in the Food Industry: Concentration of Diverse Natural Products Chemistry for Consumer Health and Sensory Benefits (2022)

Research continues to provide compelling insights into potential health benefits associated with diets rich in plant-based natural products (PBNPs). Coupled with evidence from dietary intervention trials, dietary recommendations increasingly include higher intakes of PBNPs. In addition to health benefits, PBNPs can drive flavor and sensory perceptions in foods and beverages. Chardonnay marc (pomace) is a byproduct of winemaking obtained after fruit pressing that has not undergone fermentation. Recent research has revealed that PBNP diversity within Chardonnay marc has potential relevance to human health and desirable sensory attributes in food and beverage products. This review explores the potential of Chardonnay marc as a valuable new PBNP ingredient in the food system by combining health, sensory, and environmental sustainability benefits that serves as a model for development of future ingredients within a sustainable circular bioeconomy. This includes a discussion on the potential role of computational methods, including artificial intelligence (AI), in accelerating research and development required to discover and commercialize this new source of PBNPs.
Difference-Frequency Generation in MgO-Doped Periodically Poled LiNbO3 Using an Electronically Tuned Ti:Sapphire Laser in Dual-Wavelength Operation (2000)

Tunable mid-infrared radiation was generated by difference-frequency generation in MgO-doped periodically poled LiNbO 3 crystal by mixing of dual-wavelength pulses emitting from a Ti:sapphire laser, which was tuned with an intracavity acousto-optic tunable filter. A tuning range from 3.6 to 5.6 µm was obtained without any mechanical rotation of the nonlinear optical crystal and other laser elements.
Indentation of polydimethylsiloxane submerged in organic solvents (2011)

This work uses a method based on indentation to characterize a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer submerged in an organic solvent (decane, heptane, pentane, or cyclohexane). An indenter is pressed into a disk of a swollen elastomer to a fixed depth, and the force on the indenter is recorded as a function of time. By examining how the relaxation time scales with the radius of contact, one can differentiate the poroelastic behavior from the viscoelastic behavior. By matching the relaxation curve measured experimentally to that derived from the theory of poroelasticity, one can identify elastic constants and permeability. The measured elastic constants are interpreted within the Flory–Huggins theory. The measured permeability indicates that the solvent migrates in PDMS by diffusion, rather than by convection. This work confirms that indentation is a reliable and convenient method to characterize swollen elastomers.
Physical Layer Detection of Malicious Relays in LTE-A Network Using Unsupervised Learning (2020)

For Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) network, although there exist many studies that focus on improving the performance with relays, security issues are often neglected. Due to the broadcast nature of wireless channels, relay nodes in LTE-A network may act maliciously, affect communication, reduce quality, and cause delays. Recently, physical (PHY) layer security has attracted researchers to provide secure communication and data privacy. In this study, we propose using unsupervised learning approach at the destination node to detect malicious relay attacks in cooperative LTE-A network based on received source signal in the PHY layer. Outlier detection algorithms such as one class support vector machine (OCSVM), local outlier factor (LOF) and isolation forest (i Forest) are applied to detect various malicious relay behaviors such as garbling, regenerative, and false data injection type attacks. As input to these algorithms, feature vectors are constructed by using amplitude, phase, and relative phase information of modulated baseband symbols. The performance of the outlier detectors are evaluated with respect to precision, accuracy, and under the area curve (AUC) measures under changing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels, different modulation types, allocated number of resource blocks (RBs), and varying data size. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed outlier detection approach for detecting malicious relays in the LTE-A network. Accuracy and precision of the algorithms are observed to be above 90% for 10 dB and larger SNR levels for the relay attack scenarios considered here. AUC values for all algorithms for all SNR levels is also above 0.9 for the attack detection cases, and the performance of the LOF algorithm with 0.95 and above AUC values is superior to other algorithms. The results verify the contribution of this study, which is the demonstration of the effectiveness of one class outlier detection approaches for detecting malicious relays in the LTE-A network.
Antimicrobial activity of the DNA minor groove binders furamidine and analogs (2002)

Aryl diamidine analogs of pentamidine and berenil that bind to the minor groove of DNA have been developed which show broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Several series of analogs of 2,5-bis[4-amidinophenyl]furan (furamidine) have been described which are quite effective when given intravenously, however they are ineffective on oral administration. Amidoxime and carbamate prodrugs of furamidine are quite effective when given orally. One of these prodrugs, a bis-O-methylamidoxime is currently in Phase II clinical trials.
Not enough can be enough: feasibility of the Idylla EGFR mutation test when reuse of stained tissue slides is the only option available (2021)

IEMT can provide remarkable diagnostic accuracy for the assessment of <i>EGFR</i> mutational status also when the only source of pathological material available for molecular analyses is represented by H&E stained sections. Ad hoc supervision by a qualified molecular biologist is in any case recommended.
Remembering Yasuto Mushiake [In Memoriam] (2020)

Recounts the career and contributions of Yasuto Mushiake.
Early chimerism threshold predicts sustained engraftment and NK-cell tolerance in prenatal allogeneic chimeras (2008)

The failure of engraftment in human cases of in utero hematopoietic cell transplantation (IUHCT) in which no immunodeficiency exists suggests the presence of an unrecognized fetal immune barrier. A similar barrier in murine IUHCT appears to be dependent on the chimerism level and is poorly explained by a lack of T-cell tolerance induction. Therefore, we studied the effect of the chimerism level on engraftment and host natural killer (NK)-cell education in a murine model of IUHCT. The dose of transplanted cells was found to exhibit a strong correlation with both the engraftment rate and chimerism level. More specifically, a threshold level of initial chimerism (> 1.8%) was identified that predicted durable engraftment for allogeneic IUHCT, whereas low initial chimerism (< 1.8%) predicted a loss of engraftment. NK cells taken from chimeras above the "chimerism threshold" displayed durable calibration of alloresponsive Ly49A receptors and tolerance to donor antigens. Depletion of recipient NK cells stabilized engraftment in low-level chimeras (< 1.8%). These studies illustrate the importance of the early chimerism threshold in predicting long-term engraftment and host NK-cell tolerance after in utero transplantation.
Figure S2 from MCL1 and DEDD Promote Urothelial Carcinoma Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;DEDD overexpression does not lead to resistance of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.&lt;/p&gt;
MAHA: An Energy-Efficient Malleable Hardware Accelerator for Data-Intensive Applications (2014)

For data-intensive applications, energy expended in on-chip computation constitutes only a small fraction of the total energy consumption. The primary contribution comes from transporting data between off-chip memory and on-chip computing elements-a limitation referred to as the Von-Neumann bottleneck. In such a scenario, improving the compute energy through parallel processing or on-chip hardware acceleration brings minor improvements to the total energy requirement of the system. We note that an effective solution to mitigate the Von-Neumann bottleneck is to develop a framework that enables computing in off-chip nonvolatile memory arrays, where the data reside permanently. In this paper, we present a malleable hardware (MAHA) reconfigurable framework that modifies nonvolatile CMOS-compatible flash memory array for on-demand reconfigurable computing. MAHA is a spatio-temporal mixed-granular hardware reconfigurable framework, which utilizes the memory for storage as well as lookup table-based computation (hence malleable) and uses a low-overhead hierarchical interconnect fabric for communication between processing elements. A detailed design of the malleable hardware together with a comprehensive application mapping flow is presented. Design overheads carefully estimated at the 45-nm technology node indicate that for a set of common kernels, MAHA achieves a 91X improvement in energy efficiency over a software-only solution with negligible impact on memory performance in normal mode. The proposed design changes incur only 6% memory area overhead.
An Experimental Investigation of the Dynamic Behavior of an In-Plane MEMS Shallow Arch Under Electrostatic Excitation (2015)

We present experimental investigation of the nonlinear dynamics of a clamped-clamped in-plane MEMS shallow arch when excited by an electrostatic force. We explore the dynamic behaviors of the in-plane motion of the shallow arches via frequency sweeps in the neighborhood of the first resonance frequency. The shallow arch response is video microscopy recorded and analyzed by means of digital imaging. The experimental data show local softening behavior for small DC and AC loads. For high voltages, the experimental investigation reveals interesting dynamics, where the arch exhibits a dynamic snap-through behavior. These attractive experimental results verify the previously reported complex behavior of in-plane MEMS arches and show promising results to implement these structures for variety of sensing and actuation applications.
Ethnic Differences in Susceptibility to Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes: A Comparative Study of Two Urbanized Micronesian Populations (1984)

Two urbanized Micronesian populations were recently studied by population-based diabetes surveys. These were Nauruans living on the island of Nauru, and Gilbertese resident on the islet of Betio, in the Republic of Kiribati (1982 and 1981, respectively). Nauruans are known to suffer from a very high prevalence of non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In the present study, the effects of suspected environmental risk factors for diabetes were controlled for, in an attempt to elucidate any residual difference in the prevalence of diabetes between the two groups, which might be of genetic origin. As almost all Nauruans lead a physically inactive lifestyle, only inactive subjects in either population were selected for study. The total study sample consisted of 2306 subjects. After further controlling for the effects of age and obesity, the odds of diabetes for Nauruans, as compared with Gilbertese, were threefold. The multiple logistic regression model showed ethnicity (i.e., being Nauruan) to be the strongest of the predictor variables examined in both sexes. In a random subsample of approximately one-third of the total subjects (N = 694), stratified with respect to age and sex, daily intake of total energy and of three dietary components was assessed. The dietary variables were carbohydrate, fat, and dietary fiber. Fat intake was found to be a weak, but significant predictor of diabetes in females after controlling for age, although dietary fat was not predictive of diabetes after also controlling for ethnicity, or for body mass. None of the other dietary variables had any predictive power in either sex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of Highly Radiation Resistant (2011)

Fiber Bragg gratings with a radiation-induced wave- length shift of 5 pm up to gamma doses of 1 MGy were written with a femtosecond IR laser into Ge-free radiation hard optical fibers. At the wavelength shift is only about a factor of two higher. After a dose of 1 MGy their tensile stress sensitivity decreased by about 4%. However, it is still necessary to improve their stability before they can be used for temperature and stress sensing in high radiation dose environments. IndexTerms—Femtosecondlaser,fiberBragggrating,fiberoptic sensor, gamma radiation, grating temperature dependence, radi- ation effects, recoating, strain sensor, temperature sensor, type I grating, wavelength shift.
Video Enhancement Sensor Using Motion Adaptive Storage Time. (1996)

We propose a video enhancement sensor for smoothing random noise and getting wide dynamic range. The sensor has computational elements based on a column-parallel architecture. It detects motion and saturation of the stored charge on photo diode independently pixel by pixel. By operation at high frame rate, the motion adaptive sensor is able to control the suitable storage time in each pixel which results in no motion-blur and no saturation so that it is expected to have high temporal resolution in the moving area, high SNR in the static area and wide dynamic range. In this paper, we discuss the principle, circuit design and layout of motion adaptive sensor. 1
Carnosinase-1 overexpression, but not aerobic exercise training, affects the development of diabetic nephropathy in BTBR ob/ob mice (2020)

Manipulation of circulating histidine-containing dipeptides (HCD) has been shown to affect the development of diabetes and early-stage diabetic nephropathy (DN). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether such interventions, which potentially alter levels of circulating HCD, also affect the development of advanced-stage DN. Two interventions, aerobic exercise training and overexpression of the human carnosinase-1 (hCN1) enzyme, were tested. BTBR <i>ob/ob</i> mice were either subjected to aerobic exercise training (20 wk) or genetically manipulated to overexpress hCN1, and different diabetes- and DN-related markers were compared with control <i>ob/ob</i> and healthy (wild-type) mice. An acute exercise study was performed to elucidate the effect of obesity, acute running, and hCN1 overexpression on plasma HCD levels. Chronic aerobic exercise training did not affect the development of diabetes or DN, but hCN1 overexpression accelerated hyperlipidemia and aggravated the development of albuminuria, mesangial matrix expansion, and glomerular hypertrophy of <i>ob/ob</i> mice. In line, plasma, kidney, and muscle HCD were markedly lower in <i>ob/ob</i> versus wild-type mice, and plasma and kidney HCD in particular were lower in <i>ob/ob</i> hCN1 versus <i>ob/ob</i> mice but were unaffected by aerobic exercise. In conclusion, advanced glomerular damage is accelerated in mice overexpressing the hCN1 enzyme but not protected by chronic exercise training. Interestingly, we showed, for the first time, that the development of DN is closely linked to renal HCD availability. Further research will have to elucidate whether the stimulation of renal HCD levels can be a therapeutic strategy to reduce the risk for developing DN.
Performance of channel estimation methods for OFDM systems in a multipath fading channels (2000)

In this paper, a Gaussian interpolation filter and cubic interpolation filter are presented as more accurate interpolation filters compared to the conventional linear interpolation filter. In addition to an interpolation filter, a low pass filter using FFT and IFFT is also presented to reduce the noisy components of a channel estimate obtained by an interpolation filter. Channel estimates after low-pass filtering combined with interpolation filters can lower the error floor compared to the use of only interpolation filters. Computer simulation demonstrates that the presented channel estimation methods exhibit improved performance compared to the conventional linear interpolation filter. OFDM and in particular coded OFDM DAB systems are discussed.
Formation and Desorption of Oxygen Species in Nanoporous Crystal 12CaO·7Al2O3 (2003)

The formation and desorption mechanisms of oxygen species in nanoporous crystal 12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7) are studied by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), electron-spin resonance (ESR), and Raman spectroscopy. Various oxygen ion species, including O-, O2-, and O22-, are observed to exist in C12A7 at high concentrations (∼1020 cm-3). The desorption of these oxygen species in C12A7 is proposed to proceed in three steps: (1) diffusion of oxygen species from bulk to the surface (rate-limiting step), (2) decomposition of oxygen species into oxygen molecules, and (3) release of molecular oxygen into the gas phase. Oxygen species in C12A7 can be regenerated by heating in an O2 atmosphere at higher than 400 °C, and the concentrations of O- and O2- increase with temperature. More O2- is formed than O- at low activation temperatures, whereas nearly equal amounts of O- and O2- are formed at high temperatures around 1350 °C. At 400−700 °C, a considerable amount of molecular oxygen, O2, is suggested to be present together with other oxygen species. The formation of oxygen ion species occurs in a manner reverse to the desorption processes, with the first step involving diffusion of oxygen from the atmosphere into nanocages of C12A7.
Lignite Fuel Enhancement (2007)

This 11th quarterly Technical Progress Report for the Lignite Fuel Enhancement Project summarizes activities from January 1st through March 31st of 2007. It summarizes the completion of the Prototype testing activity and initial full-scale dryer design, Budget Period 2 activity during that time period. The Design Team completed process design and layouts of air, water, and coal systems. Heyl-Patterson completed dryer drawings and has sent RFPs to several fabricators for build and assembly. Several meetings were held with Barr engineers to finalize arrangement of the drying, air jig, and coal handling systems. Honeywell held meetings do discuss the control system logic and hardware location. By the end of March we had processed nearly 300,000 tons of lignite through the dryer. Outage preparation maintenance activities on a coal transfer hopper restricted operation of the dryer in February and March. The Outage began March 17th. We will not dry coal again until early May when the Outage on Unit No.2 completes. The Budget Period 1 (Phase 1) final report was submitted this quarter. Comments were received from NETL and are being reviewed. The Phase 2 Project Management Plan was submitted to NETL in January 2007. This deliverable also included the Financing Plan. An application for R&D 100 award was submitted in February. The project received an award from the Minnesota Professional Engineering Society's Seven Wonders of Engineering Award and Minnesota ACEC Grand Award in January. To further summarize, the focus this quarter has been on finalizing commercial design and the layout of four dryers behind each Unit. The modification to the coal handling facilities at Coal Creek and incorporation of air jigs to further beneficiate the segregated material the dryers will reject 20 to 30 % of the mercury and sulfur is segregated however this modification will recover the carbon in that stream.