gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HumanEva: Synchronized Video and Motion Capture Dataset for Evaluation of Articulated Human Motion (2006)

While research on articulated human motion and pose estimation has progressed rapidly in the last few years, there has been no systematic quantitative evaluation of competing methods to establish the current state of the art. We present data obtained using a hardware system that is able to capture synchronized video and ground-truth 3D motion. The resulting HUMANEVA datasets contain multiple subjects performing a set of predefined actions with a number of repetitions. On the order of 40, 000 frames of synchronized motion capture and multi-view video (resulting in over one quarter million image frames in total) were collected at 60 Hz with an additional 37,000 time instants of pure motion capture data. A standard set of error measures is defined for evaluating both 2D and 3D pose estimation and tracking algorithms. We also describe a baseline algorithm for 3D articulated tracking that uses a relatively standard Bayesian framework with optimization in the form of Sequential Importance Resampling and Annealed Particle Filtering. In the context of this baseline algorithm we explore a variety of likelihood functions, prior models of human motion and the effects of algorithm parameters. Our experiments suggest that image observation models and motion priors play important roles in performance, and that in a multi-view laboratory environment, where initialization is available, Bayesian filtering tends to perform well. The datasets and the software are made available to the research community. This infrastructure will support the development of new articulated motion and pose estimation algorithms, will provide a baseline for the evaluation and comparison of new methods, and will help establish the current state of the art in human pose estimation and tracking.
Smad4 Loss Correlates With Higher Rates of Local and Distant Failure in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Patients Receiving Adjuvant Chemoradiation (2018)

After PDA resection and adjuvant CRT, Smad4 loss correlated with higher risk of LR and DF, but not with survival. Smad4 loss may help predict which surgical patients are at higher risk for failure after definitive management and may benefit from intensified adjuvant therapy.
From IDDQ Fault Detection to Defect Localization in Logic CMOS Integrated Circuits: Key Issues (1999)

Abstract IDDQ testing detects a majority of faults in logic ICs. To improve defect coverage with very short test patterns, IDDQ testing has been integrated in fault simulators embedded with automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) algorithms. Nevertheless, for failure analysis purposes, this progress has not eliminated the complex task of fault isolation at the silicon level of ICs. Defect localization is facilitated with IDDQ testing because the defect is detected as soon as it is activated inside the device. At the failed vector, abnormal IDDQ current is measured and accurate localization of the corresponding defect inside the chip can be performed. Thermally related techniques or emission microscopy can be used for this localization process. Very powerful tools like electron beam testers can also be used to deeply analyze faulty devices by internal contactless testing. In this paper, we will present an application of IDDQ testing for fault detection and some key issues regarding localization of the corresponding defect: • Appropriate techniques, • Switching from electrical testing to fault localization, • Modifying the test pattern to shorten the localization process, • Constructing a localization method based on an IDDQ diagnostic.
Solid electrolytes: alkali-ion transport in skeleton structures. Semiannual technical summary No. 2, 1 Jul--31 Dec 1975. [Compounds of for Na/sub 3/Zr/sub 2/PSi/sub 2/O/sub 12/] (1975)

We have demonstrated the existence of fast, three-dimensional Na/sup +/-ion transport in the system Na/sub 1+3y/Zr/sub 2/(P/sub 1-y/Si/sub y/O/sub 4/)/sub 3/ for y less than or equal to 1. At 300/sup 0/C, the operating temperature of a Na--S battery, the resistivity (5 ohms-cm) for Na/sup +/-ion transport in Na/sub 3/Zr/sub 2/PSi/sub 2/O/sub 12/ is competitive with the best beta-alumina. The activation energy for Na/sup +/-ion transport, about 0.26 eV, is about 0.08 eV higher than that of beta-alumina, this compound is thus superior to the best beta-alumina at temperatures greater than 300/sup 0/C, inferior, at lower temperatures. The compound is stable in molten sodium and can be sintered at 1250/sup 0/C. We have elected to concentrate on the fabrication of ceramic cups suitable for cell construction in order to test the chemical stability of this compound under the operating conditions of a Na--S cell. (auth)
Repeated transcranial low‐level laser therapy for traumatic brain injury in mice: biphasic dose response and long‐term treatment outcome (2016)

We previously showed that near-infrared laser photobiomodulation (PBM) (810 nm, CW, 18 J/cm<sup>2</sup> , 25 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> ) delivered to the mouse daily for 3-days after a controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury (TBI) gave a significant improvement in neurological/cognitive function. However the same parameters delivered 14X daily gave significantly less benefit. This biphasic dose response intrigued us, and we decided to follow the mice that received 3X or 14X laser treatments out to 56-days post-TBI. We found the 14X group showed worse neurological function than the no-treatment TBI group at 2-weeks, but started to improve steadily during the next 6-weeks, and by 56-days were significantly better than the no-treatment TBI mice, but still worse than the 3X mice. A marker of activated glial cells (GFAP) was significantly increased in the brain regions (compared to both untreated TBI and 3X groups) at 4-weeks in the 14X group, but the GFAP had fallen to low levels in both 3X and 14X groups by 8-weeks. We conclude that an excessive number of laser-treatments delivered to mice can temporarily inhibit the process of brain repair stimulated by tPBM, but then the inhibitory effect ceases, and brain repair can resume. The mechanism may be temporary induction of reactive gliosis.
Linear and Weakly Nonlinear Stability Analyses of Cooperative Car-Following Models (2014)

Stability analyses have been widely used to better understand the mechanism of traffic jam formation. In this paper, we consider the impact of cooperative systems (a.k.a. connected vehicles) on traffic dynamics and, more precisely, on flow stability. Cooperative systems are emerging technologies enabling communication between vehicles and/or with the infrastructure. In a distributed communication framework, equipped vehicles are able to send and receive information to/from other equipped vehicles. Here, the effects of cooperative traffic are modeled through a general bilateral multianticipative car-following law that improves cooperative drivers' perception of their surrounding traffic conditions within a given communication range. Linear stability analyses are performed for a broad class of car-following models. They point out different stability conditions in both multianticipative and nonmultianticipative situations. To better understand what happens in unstable conditions, information on the shock wave structure is studied in the weakly nonlinear regime by the mean of the reductive perturbation method. The shock wave equation is obtained for generic car-following models by deriving the Korteweg de Vries equations. We then derive traffic-state-dependent conditions for the sign of the solitary wave (soliton) amplitude. This analytical result is verified through simulations. Simulation results confirm the validity of the speed estimate. The variation of the soliton amplitude as a function of the communication range is provided. The performed linear and weakly nonlinear analyses help justify the potential benefits of vehicle-integrated communication systems and provide new insights supporting the future implementation of cooperative systems.
Assembly and Function of the Bacillus anthracis S-Layer (2017)

Bacillus anthracis, the anthrax agent, is a member of the Bacillus cereus sensu lato group, which includes invasive pathogens of mammals or insects as well as nonpathogenic environmental strains. The genes for anthrax pathogenesis are located on two large virulence plasmids. Similar virulence plasmids have been acquired by other B. cereus strains and enable the pathogenesis of anthrax-like diseases. Among the virulence factors of B. anthracis is the S-layer-associated protein BslA, which endows bacilli with invasive attributes for mammalian hosts. BslA surface display and function are dependent on the bacterial S-layer, whose constituents assemble by binding to the secondary cell wall polysaccharide (SCWP) via S-layer homology (SLH) domains. B. anthracis and other pathogenic B. cereus isolates harbor genes for the secretion of S-layer proteins, for S-layer assembly, and for synthesis of the SCWP. We review here recent insights into the assembly and function of the S-layer and the SCWP.
Survey of cloud server geolocating techniques (2016)

Every cloud data center has a geographical location, which is known to, at least, its owner. Still, it is a challenge for a cloud customer to discover indisputably the location of the data center, which hosts an active cloud based service and its data. Knowing the location is necessary to assess that pertinent geographical obligations of service level agreements and legal requirements are fulfilled. For example, several countries have legislation that denies processing private data of its citizens in countries that do not have compliant legislation. This paper presents existing technologies that can be used to resolve and assess the geographical location of a cloud servers.
Fabrication of Porous Fe/TiB2 Composites by Reactive Precursor Method (2012)

Porous Fe/TiB2 composites were fabricated by a reactive precursor method. Fundamentally, iron, titanium and boron powders were blended to synthesize 20 to 70vol%TiB2 particles in Fe/TiB2 composites after the combustion reaction. Additionally, various foaming agent powders (CaCO3, MgCO3, SrCO3, TiH2, ZrH2 and C) were added to the blended powder. The blended powder compact was heated to induce the combustion reaction. The specimen prepared with carbon had large pores and high porosity (the maximum porosity was 60% and the pore size was about 800 µm). The reasons why the porosity increases are twofold; (i) the melting point of iron is decreased by carburizing and (ii) carbon is oxidized during the combustion process and the formation of gaseous CO results in generating the pores.
New organic and polymeric materials for thin film optical devices (1998)

Organic semiconductors that consist of conjugated oligomers or polymers are the subject of considerable current research interest due to their fundamental optoelectronic physics and their potential applications in photodiodes, light-emitting diodes and thin film transistors. In this paper the synthesis and device properties of the green light emitting polymer 5 and a model oligomer 8 are described. The organic semiconductor 11 has been prepared and used in a thin film transistor. It exhibits a field effect mobility in the range 0.02-0.05 cm(2)/V s and a high On/Off ratio.
Modified Deal Grove model for the thermal oxidation of silicon carbide (2004)

A modified Deal Grove model for the oxidation of 4H-SiC is presented, which includes the removal of the carbon species. The model is applied to data on the oxidation rates for the (0001) Si, (0001̄) C, and (112̄0) a faces, which are performed in 1 atm dry oxygen and in the temperature range 950–1150 °C. Analysis within the model provides a physical explanation for the large crystal-face dependent oxidation rates observed.
Dual-Transduction Electromechanical Receiver for Near-Field Wireless Power Transmission (2021)

We report the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a chip-sized electromechanical micro-receiver for low-frequency, near-field wireless power transmission that employs both electrodynamic and piezoelectric transductions to achieve a high power density and high output voltage while maintaining a low profile. The 0.09 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> device comprises a laser-micro-machined titanium suspension, one NdFeB magnet, two PZT-5A piezo-ceramic patches, and a precision-manufactured micro-coil with a thickness of only 1.65 mm. The device generates 520 μW average power (5.5 mW·cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ) at 4 cm distance from a transmitter coil operating at 734.6 Hz and within safe human exposure limits. Compared to a previously reported piezoelectric-only prototype, this device generates ~2.5x higher power and offers 18% increased normalized power density (6.5 mW·cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ·mT <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> ) for potential improvement in wirelessly charging wearables and bio-implants.
The agr Locus Regulates Virulence and Colonization Genes in Clostridium difficile 027 (2013)

The transcriptional regulator AgrA, a member of the LytTR family of proteins, plays a key role in controlling gene expression in some Gram-positive pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. AgrA is encoded by the agrACDB global regulatory locus, and orthologues are found within the genome of most Clostridium difficile isolates, including the epidemic lineage 027/BI/NAP1. Comparative RNA sequencing of the wild type and otherwise isogenic agrA null mutant derivatives of C. difficile R20291 revealed a network of approximately 75 differentially regulated transcripts at late exponential growth phase, including many genes associated with flagellar assembly and function, such as the major structural subunit, FliC. Other differentially regulated genes include several involved in bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) synthesis and toxin A expression. C. difficile 027 R20291 agrA mutant derivatives were poorly flagellated and exhibited reduced levels of colonization and relapses in the murine infection model. Thus, the agr locus likely plays a contributory role in the fitness and virulence potential of C. difficile strains in the 027/BI/NAP1 lineage.
Microwave-optoelectronic performance of a ridged heterostructure microstrip ring resonator (1993)

Microwave-optical mixing is accomplished in a ridged heterostructure microstrip ring resonator. When compared to an identical circuit fabricated on semi-insulating GaAs, a 15-dB improvement in conversion loss is achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
SuhB Associates with Nus Factors To Facilitate 30S Ribosome Biogenesis in Escherichia coli (2016)

As RNA polymerase transcribes the rRNA operons in E. coli, it complexes with a set of proteins called Nus that confer enhanced rates of transcription elongation, correct folding of rRNA, and rRNA assembly with ribosomal proteins to generate a fully functional ribosome. Four Nus proteins were previously known, NusA, NusB, NusE, and NusG; here, we discover and describe a fifth, SuhB, that is an essential component of this complex. We demonstrate that the main function of this SuhB-containing complex is not to prevent premature transcription termination within the rRNA operon, as had been long claimed, but to enable rRNA maturation and a functional ribosome fully competent for translation.
The dynamics of surface donor traps in AlGaN/GaN MISFETs using transient measurements and TCAD modelling (2014)

This paper presents a detailed and correlated (i) Id-Vg, (ii) Cgg-Vg, and (iii) transient analysis of donor traps in a SiN/GaN/AlGaN/GaN Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MISFET) fabricated on a silicon substrate. We explain for the first time that the long-time constants are due to the close coupling between the emission/capture processes on one hand and the transient transport of electrons across the GaN/AlGaN barrier on the other. Emission and capture time constants were extracted for several bias conditions and temperatures. Moreover, we have developed a TCAD model that consistently gives a good match to DC, AC, and transient experimental results.
Cytoplasmic BK Ca channel intron-containing mRNAs contribute to the intrinsic excitability of hippocampal neurons (2008)

High single-channel conductance K+ channels, which respond jointly to membrane depolarization and micromolar concentrations of intracellular Ca2+ ions, arise from extensive cell-specific alternative splicing of pore-forming alpha-subunit mRNAs. Here, we report the discovery of an endogenous BK(Ca) channel alpha-subunit intron-containing mRNA in the cytoplasm of hippocampal neurons. This partially processed mRNA, which comprises approximately 10% of the total BK(Ca) channel alpha-subunit mRNAs, is distributed in a gradient throughout the somatodendritic space. We selectively reduced endogenous cytoplasmic levels of this intron-containing transcript by RNA interference without altering levels of the mature splice forms of the BK(Ca) channel mRNAs. In doing so, we could demonstrate that changes in a unique BK(Ca) channel alpha-subunit intron-containing splice variant mRNA can greatly impact the distribution of the BK(Ca) channel protein to dendritic spines and intrinsic firing properties of hippocampal neurons. These data suggest a new regulatory mechanism for modulating the membrane properties and ion channel gradients of hippocampal neurons.
Scalable and Practical Pursuit-Evasion (2009)

In this paper, we consider the design and implementation of practical, yet near-optimal, pursuit-evasion games. In prior work, we developed, using the theory of zero-sum games, minimal completion-time strategies for pursuit-evasion. Unfortunately, those strategies do not scale beyond a small number
Bacteria Can Unlock an Essential Nutrient for Plants (2022)

Just like you and me, plants need a balanced diet to be healthy. However, while we can get most of our nutrients from the foods we eat, plants get their food from photosynthesis—and photosynthesis only provides sugar. A sugar-only diet would not be healthy for you, and it is not healthy for a plant, either. Plants need to get other essential nutrients from the soil around them, and it is not always easy. How do plants get around this? By partnering up with bacteria! In this article, we will note a few key details of these helpful microbes and explain where we found them. We will also describe a few experiments we performed to discover how they help plants to get one particular nutrient, phosphorus.
Human alveolar epithelial cells expressing tight junctions to model the air-blood barrier (2016)

This paper describes a new human alveolar epithelial cell line (hAELVi - human Alveolar Epithelial Lentivirus immortalized) with type I-like characteristics and functional tight junctions, suitable to model the air-blood barrier of the peripheral lung. Primary human alveolar epithelial cells were immortalized by a novel regimen, grown as monolayers on permeable filter supports and characterized morphologically, biochemically and biophysically. hAELVi cells maintain the capacity to form tight intercellular junctions, with high trans-epithelial electrical resistance (> 1000 Ω*cm²). The cells could be kept in culture over several days, up to passage 75, under liquid-liquid as well as air-liquid conditions. Ultrastructural analysis and real time PCR revealed type I-like cell properties, such as the presence of caveolae, expression of caveolin-1, and absence of surfactant protein C. Accounting for the barrier properties, inter-digitations sealed with tight junctions and desmosomes were also observed. Low permeability of the hydrophilic marker sodium fluorescein confirmed the suitability of hAELVi cells for in vitro transport studies across the alveolar epithelium. These results suggest that hAELVi cells reflect the essential features of the air-blood barrier, as needed for an alternative to animal testing to study absorption and toxicity of inhaled drugs, chemicals and nanomaterials.
PDT Dose Parameters Impact Tumoricidal Durability and Cell Death Pathways in a 3D Ovarian Cancer Model (2013)

Abstract The successful implementation of photodynamic therapy ( PDT )‐based regimens depends on an improved understanding of the dosimetric and biological factors that govern therapeutic variability. Here, the kinetics of tumor destruction and regrowth are characterized by systematically varying benzoporphyrin derivative ( BPD )‐light combinations to achieve fixed PDT doses (M × J cm −2 ). Three endpoints were used to evaluate treatment response: (1) Viability evaluated every 24 h for 5 days post‐ PDT ; (2) Photobleaching assessed immediately post‐ PDT ; and (3) Caspase‐3 activation determined 24 h post‐ PDT . The specific BPD ‐light parameters used to construct a given PDT dose significantly impact not only acute cytotoxic efficacy, but also treatment durability. For each dose, PDT with 0.25 μM BPD produces the most significant and sustained reduction in normalized viability compared to 1 and 10 μM BPD . Percent photobleaching correlates with normalized viability for a range of PDT doses achieved within BPD concentrations. To produce a cytotoxic response with 10 μM BPD that is comparable to 0.25 and 1 μM BPD a reduction in irradiance from 150 to 0.5 mW cm −2 is required. Activated caspase‐3 does not correlate with normalized viability. The parameter‐dependent durability of outcomes within fixed PDT doses provides opportunities for treatment customization and improved therapeutic planning.
Imaging of Recording Marks and Their Jitters With Different Writing Strategy and Terminal Resistance of Optical Output (2009)

The relation between recording mark formation and jitter value with radial orient spot (ROS) type laser spot recording was investigated by using a new imaging method of conductive-atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). The readout performances of recording marks were studied by changing the terminal resistance of optical pickup head and writing strategies. The results of clear C-AFM images showed that is possible to adjust the conditions of terminal resistance and writing strategies to have better readout signal performance.
Study for a comprehensive bridge management system for Texas (1990)

This report covers a two-year study of the feasibility and development of specific recommendations for a comprehensive bridge management system for Texas SDHPT. The study identified the problems which could advantageously be addressed by a BMS and recommends a scope for a proposed BMS which is believed to be appropriate for application at district and state level. The study also included review of BMS proposed, developed, and used in other states and reviews of theory and technology relevant to the sub- problems comprising the overall bridge management problem. Finally, the study addresses the problem of identifying the data required for the application of a BMS in Texas.
Investigation of bioinspired gecko fibers to improve adhesion of HeartLander surgical robot (2012)

HeartLander is a medical robot proposed for minimally invasive epicardial intervention on the beating heart. To date, all prototypes have used suction to gain traction on the epicardium. Gecko-foot-inspired micro-fibers have been proposed for repeatable adhesion to surfaces. In this paper, a method for improving the traction of HeartLander on biological tissue is presented. The method involves integration of gecko-inspired fibrillar adhesives on the inner surfaces of the suction chambers of HeartLander. Experiments have been carried out on muscle tissue ex vivo assessing the traction performance of the modified HeartLander with bio-inspired adhesive. The adhesive fibers are found to improve traction on muscle tissue by 57.3 %.