gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propofol Anesthesia for Craniotomy: A Double-Blind Comparison of Remifentanil, Alfentanil, and Fentanyl (2000)

For patients undergoing craniotomy, it is desirable to have stable and easily controllable hemodynamics during intense surgical stimulation. However, rapid postoperative recovery is essential to assess neurologic function. Remifentanil, an ultra-short-acting mu-opioid receptor agonist, may be the ideal agent to confer the above characteristics. In this prospective randomized study, we compared the hemodynamic stability, recovery characteristics, and the dose of propofol required for maintaining anesthesia supplemented with an infusion of remifentanil, alfentanil, or fentanyl in 34 patients scheduled for supratentorial craniotomy. With routine monitors in place, anesthesia was induced with propofol (2-3 mg/kg), atracurium (0.5 mg/kg), and either remifentanil (1 microg/kg), alfentanil (10 microg/kg), or fentanyl (2 micro/kg). The lungs were ventilated with O2/air to mild hypocapnia. Anesthesia was maintained with infusions of propofol (50-100 microg/kg/min) and either remifentanil (0.2 microg/kg/min), alfentanil (20 microg/kg/h), or fentanyl (2 microg/kg/h). There were no significant differences among the groups in the dose of propofol maintenance required, heart rate, or mean arterial pressure. However, the time to eye opening (minutes) was significantly shorter in the remifentanil compared to the alfentanil group (6+/-3; 21+/-14; P = 0.0027) but not the fentanyl group (15+/-9). We conclude that remifentanil is an appropriate opioid to use in combination with propofol during anesthesia for supratentorial craniotomy.
Homeostatic cytokines orchestrate the segregation of CD4 and CD8 memory T-cell reservoirs in mice (2011)

Memory T cells (T(M)s) have been detected in many tissues but their quantitative distribution remains largely undefined. We show that in mice there is a remarkably biased accumulation of long-term CD4 T(M)s into mucosal sites (mainly gut, especially Peyer patches), and CD8 T(M)s into lymph nodes and spleen (in particular, peripheral lymph nodes [PLNs]). This distinction correlates with their differentiated expression of PLN- and gut-homing markers. CD8 and CD4 T(M)s selectively require the expression of PLN-homing marker CCR7 or gut-homing marker α4β7 for maintenance. PLNs and gut supply CD8 and CD4 T(M)s with their individually favored homeostatic cytokine, IL-15, or IL-7. Cytokine stimulation in turn regulates the different gut-homing marker expression on CD4 and CD8 T(M)s. IL-15 plays a major role in vivo regulating CD8 T(M)s homing to PLNs. Thus, the reservoir segregation of CD4 and CD8 T(M)s meets their individual needs for homeostatic cytokines and is under feedback control of cytokine stimulation.
Towards Closing the Energy Gap Between HOG and CNN Features for Embedded\n Vision (2017)

Computer vision enables a wide range of applications in robotics/drones,\nself-driving cars, smart Internet of Things, and portable/wearable electronics.\nFor many of these applications, local embedded processing is preferred due to\nprivacy and/or latency concerns. Accordingly, energy-efficient embedded vision\nhardware delivering real-time and robust performance is crucial. While deep\nlearning is gaining popularity in several computer vision algorithms, a\nsignificant energy consumption difference exists compared to traditional\nhand-crafted approaches. In this paper, we provide an in-depth analysis of the\ncomputation, energy and accuracy trade-offs between learned features such as\ndeep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and hand-crafted features such as\nHistogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG). This analysis is supported by\nmeasurements from two chips that implement these algorithms. Our goal is to\nunderstand the source of the energy discrepancy between the two approaches and\nto provide insight about the potential areas where CNNs can be improved and\neventually approach the energy-efficiency of HOG while maintaining its\noutstanding performance accuracy.\n
Stress-induced changes in the velocity of guided waves (1975)

This paper describes a series of experiments to evaluate the stress-induced changes in the wave speed (acousto-elastic effect) of guided waves. Pulsed ultrasonic waves having frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 5 MHz are introduced through variable wedges into rectangular bars machined from the head of railroad rail. The bars are stressed axially, in tension or compression, causing changes in the velocity of propagation of the various wave modes. The speed changes are measured by a pulse-overlay technique. Application to the measurement of longitudinal stress in rail is discussed.
43‐1: Invited Paper : Automotive Biometric Automatic Luminance Control System (2016)

The use of an eye gaze tracking camera is proposed to measure the driver's pupil size and provide forward field of view intensity. This biometric intensity may be utilized as part of an automatic luminance control system to properly control the display luminance for comfortable display visibility.
Effect of Ca-doping on the ionic conductivity of LiSi2N3 (2011)

Effect of Ca-doping on the ionic conductivity of LiSi2N3 was studied. The compositions of Li1-2xCaxSi2N3 (x=0-0.2) were synthesized by the reaction of Li3N, Si3N4, and Ca3N2 at temperature of 1873K-2073K. Ca was incorporated into the LiSi2N3 host lattice and formed the solid solution, Li1-2xCaxSi2N3. Activation energy for ionic conduction was decreased and ionic conductivity at room temperature was enhanced by Ca doping. At 298K, the ionic conductivity of densified Li1-2xCaxSi2N3 (x=0.075) ceramics achieved 1.6×10−5Sm−1, almost 4 orders of magnitude higher than that of densified Li1-2xCaxSi2N3(x=0) ceramics (3.1×10−9Sm−1). The LiSi2N3 framework change by Ca doping decreased the interaction between the ions and increased the defects of the structure. Thus, mobile Li+ ion could migrate easier. Moreover, incorporation of aliovalent substitutional Ca2+ ions in the LiSi2N3 lattice might be expected to create a Li+ vacancy (VLi) for charge compensation (Li1-2xCaxVLiSi2N3), thereby increasing the number of mobile Li+ ions.
Plasma and optical thin film technologies (2011)

The PluTO project is aimed at combining thin-film and plasma technologies. Accordingly, the consortium comprises experts in optical coating (Laser Zentrum Hannover, Fraunhofer IOF) and such in plasma technology (INP Greifswald, Ruhr University of Bochum RUB). The process plasmas available, especially the sheath layers, will be thoroughly characterized by means of special probes, so that the types, numbers and energies of the particles participating in the coating formation processes can be determined comprehensively in every detail for the first time. The data thus obtained will provide a basis for a numerical modelling of layer growth at atomic scale (Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science BCCMS). The results are expected to deepen the understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for the influence of plasma action on the layer properties. In parallel, suitable tools for process monitoring will be identified and made available. Some first results have already been achieved which prove the viability of the approach.
Combined Partial Knee Arthroplasty (2020)

Abstract Arthrosis commonly affects a single compartment of the knee, but may present with two or even three compartments affected. Wear to the medial tibiofemoral compartment is ten times more common than that in the lateral tibiofemoral compartment; primary patellofemoral joint (PFJ) arthrosis is least common [1, 2]. Bicompartmental disease is present in 59% of those with gonarthrosis [3]. In one study, 40% of patients over 50 years old with knee pain had radiographic evidence of combined medial compartment and PFJ wear, 24% had isolated PFJ arthrosis, whilst only 4% had isolated tibiofemoral arthrosis [4]. Degeneration of all three compartments simultaneously is rare [2]. Consequently, removal of healthy tissue in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is common. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is present in 78% of cases of patients undergoing primary knee replacement [5]. The fundamental role of the ACL in knee stability and functional gait is well described [6]; however, regardless of its functional integrity, it is resected in almost all TKAs.
From Network Design fo Dynamic Provisioning and Restoration in Optical Cross-Connect Mesh Networks: (2001)

Thisarticle presents a broad overview ofthe architectural and algorithmicaspects involved in deploying an optical cross-connect mesh network, starting from the network deiign and capacity planning phase to the real-time network operation hase involving dynamic provisioning and restoration of lightpaths and online aPgorithms for route computation. Frameworks for offline design and capacity planning of optical networks based on projected future lightpath demands are discussed. The essential compbnents of an IP-centric control architecture for dynamic provisioning and restoration of lightpaths in optical networks are outlined. These include neighbor discovery, topology discovery, route computation, lightpath establishment, and lightpath restoration. Online algorithms for route computation of unprotected, 1 +1 protected, and mesh-restored lightpaths are discussed in both the centralized and distributed scenarios.
Initial Synchronization for WiBro (2005)

Algorithms for initial timing and frequency synchronization and cell search are presented for the preamble structure in the mid-2004 draft of the physical layer specifications of WiBro, the OFDMA/TDD-based portable wireless Internet system at 2.3 to 2.4 GHz band in Korea. The joint performance under multi-cell environments is observed via computer simulations for various multipath fading channel models. The simulation results show that the coarse frame timing acquisition and cell search can be successfully performed by observing a single preamble signal
Maintaining the integrity of human immunodeficiency virus sequence databases (1996)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences are accumulating in the literature at a rapid pace. For this ever-expanding resource to be maximally useful, it is critical that researchers strive to maintain a high level of quality assurance, both in experimental design and conduct and in analyses. Here we present detailed analyses of problematic sets of HIV-1 sequences in the database that include sequence anomalies suggestive of mislabeling or sample contamination problems. These data are examined in the context of currently available HIV-1 sequence information to provide an example of how to identify potentially flawed data. Indicators of potential problems with sequences are (i) sequences that are nearly identical that are supposed to be derived from unlinked individuals and that are markedly distinct from other sequences from the putative source or (ii) sequences that are nearly identical to those of laboratory strains. We provide an outline of methods that researchers can use to perform preliminary laboratory and computational analyses that could help identify problematic data and thus help ensure the integrity of sequence databases.
Nondestructive defect characterization of saw-damage-etched multicrystalline silicon wafers using scanning electron acoustic microscopy (2013)

Defects in multicrystalline silicon wafers after saw-damage etch (SDE) for different etch durations are characterized nondestructively using scanning electron acoustic microcopy (SEAM). SEAM is shown to be able to detect both surface and subsurface defects, as well as crystallographic imperfections such as grain boundaries in mc-Si wafers. The capabilities of the SEAM imaging are further extended for investigations of the structural properties of the saw-damage-induced defects and optimization of the SDE process. It is established that SEAM could be effective in determining the optimal SDE etch duration required for the minimization or complete removal of the saw-damage layer. In addition, it also confirms that the SDE process itself does not create new line-like defects.
INSTABILITY AFTER SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY (2003)

Soft-tissue imbalance is present in most cases of instability following shoulder arthroplasty, and component malpositioning plays an additional role in some cases. More than one-half of the shoulders in the present study remained unstable despite attempts at revision. Surgical treatment of instability following arthroplasty is associated with only a modest success rate.
Temperature Issues in Saliency-Tracking-Based Sensorless Methods for PM Synchronous Machines (2011)

High-frequency carrier signal excitation has been widely investigated for the position sensorless control of permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) near and at zero speed. Selection of the injected signal characteristics (shape, frequency, magnitude, etc.) is a tradeoff between performance criteria of the sensorless control (stability, accuracy, robustness, bandwidth, etc.) and minimization of its adverse effects (additional losses, noise, vibration, etc.). The increased losses due to the injected signal can be of importance in PMSMs since they can produce a significant increase of the temperature in the rotor magnets. This can adversely impact the normal operation of the machine and can eventually result in the irreversible demagnetization of the magnets. This paper analyzes the impact that excitation using high-frequency signals for sensorless control of PMSMs has on the machine's temperature. The machine design, as well as the type of injected high-frequency signal, will be shown to strongly influence the machine's thermal behavior. Analytical models will be developed to explain this behavior, with experimental results being used to verify the analysis.
Role of reporter gene imaging in molecular and cellular biology (2004)

Molecular imaging, including reporter gene methods, provides a unique opportunity to study biology in a living subject, thereby allowing physiological events to be monitored in an intact microenvironment. This review takes a molecular and cell biology perspective on recent studies which utilize reporter gene imaging as a tool to non-invasively monitor specific molecular biology pathways in vivo. Studies in rodent models demonstrate the feasibility of reporter gene imaging to visualize and measure key cellular pathways, such as transcription, translation and protein-protein interactions. The review indicates that molecular imaging is likely to be useful in the translation of molecular biology to medicine and biotechnological applications.
Role of Campylobacter jejuni flagella as colonization factors for three-day-old chicks: analysis with flagellar mutants (1993)

Campylobacter jejuni, an important cause of human gastrointestinal infection, is a major food-borne pathogen in the United States and worldwide. Since poultry becomes colonized and/or contaminated during the early stages of production and is a major food-borne source for this organism, we studied the role of C. jejuni flagella on the ability of the bacterium to colonize the chicken gastrointestinal tract. Three-day-old chicks were orally challenged with a motile wild-type strain of C. jejuni IN9 or with flagellar mutants created from IN9 by disrupting the flagellin genes with a kanamycin resistance cassette by using shuttle mutagenesis (A. Labigne-Roussel, P. Courcoux, and L. Tompkins, J. Bacteriol. 170:1704-1708, 1988). One mutant, IN9-N3, lacked flagella and was nonmotile. The other, IN9-N7, produced a truncated flagellum and was partially motile. Three-day-old chicks were orally challenged with different doses of the wild-type strain and the two mutants. At challenge doses ranging from 3.0 x 10(4) to 6.6 x 10(8) CFU per chick, only the fully motile, wild-type strain colonized the chick ceca. Our results show that intact and motile flagella are important colonization factors for C. jejuni in chicks.
Millimetre-wave response of InGaAsP lasers (1985)

The intensity modulation response of 1.3 μm-wavelength InGaAsP constricted-mesa lasers under pulsed operation is measured from 100 MHz to 40 GHz. 3 dB bandwidths of 25 GHz at 20°C and 31 GHz at −40°C are observed.
Long-Range Electron Tunneling in Aqueous and Organic Glasses (2005)

Photoinduced electron transfer (ET) reactions have been investigated in glassy media at 77 K. Distance decay parameters for electron tunneling through water, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and toluene have been determined through measurements of donor luminescence quenching by randomly dispersed electron acceptors. Remarkably different long-range ET efficiencies in the three solvents are in accord with the predictions of a super exchange model of distant electronic couplings. We conclude that tunneling energy effects play an important role in long-range ET reactions, and further that the coupling drops off very rapidly across van der Waals gaps between molecules in glasses.
Consensus Recommendations for Evaluation, Interpretation, and Utilization of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Enterography in Patients With Small Bowel Crohn’s Disease (2018)

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance enterography have become routine small bowel imaging tests to evaluate patients with established or suspected Crohn's disease, but the interpretation and use of these imaging modalities can vary widely. A shared understanding of imaging findings, nomenclature, and utilization will improve the utility of these imaging techniques to guide treatment options, as well as assess for treatment response and complications. Representatives from the Society of Abdominal Radiology Crohn's Disease-Focused Panel, the Society of Pediatric Radiology, the American Gastroenterological Association, and other experts, systematically evaluated evidence for imaging findings associated with small bowel Crohn's disease enteric inflammation and established recommendations for the evaluation, interpretation, and use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance enterography in small bowel Crohn's disease. This work makes recommendations for imaging findings that indicate small bowel Crohn's disease, how inflammatory small bowel Crohn's disease and its complications should be described, elucidates potential extra-enteric findings that may be seen at imaging, and recommends that cross-sectional enterography should be performed at diagnosis of Crohn's disease and considered for small bowel Crohn's disease monitoring paradigms. A useful morphologic construct describing how imaging findings evolve with disease progression and response is described, and standard impressions for radiologic reports that convey meaningful information to gastroenterologists and surgeons are presented. <sup>©</sup>2018, RSNA, AGA Institute, and Society of Abdominal Radiology This article is being published jointly in Radiology and Gastroenterology.
Significant Reduction of Analysis Time with Bulk Sensors Operating in Nonequilibrium Mode (2019)

The concept of reducing the analysis time with the bulk sensors operating in nonequilibrium mode is formulated theoretically and verified experimentally with ion-selective polymeric optodes. The influence of the measurement time on the optical response range, span, median, and sensitivity is calculated and demonstrated experimentally. Model aqueous samples are successfully analyzed using a nonequilibrium measurement protocol with conventional sodium-selective optodes and with pH optodes containing lipophilic organic electrolyte. The analysis time is significantly reduced from 300 to ca. 100 s, with sufficient recovery, reproducibility, and precision of the sample determination.
Trends in small cell enhancements in LTE advanced (2013)

3GPP LTE, or Long Term Evolution, the fourth generation wireless access technology, is being rolled out by many operators worldwide. Since LTE Release 10, network densification using small cells has been an important evolution direction in 3GPP to provide the necessary means to accommodate the anticipated huge traffic growth, especially for hotspot areas. Recently, LTE Release 12 has been started with more focus on small cell enhancements. This article provides the design principles and introduces the ongoing discussions on small cell enhancements in LTE Release 12, and provides views from two active operators in this area, CMCC and NTT DOCOMO.
Flexible Wavelength Shifting of Ultrafast Lasers at High Power Levels (2022)

We present a wavelength shifting method suitable for high power lasers. We demonstrate our concept via simulations and experimentally shift an 80 W, 200 fs laser at 1030 nm by ±30 nm.
Efficient Multi-Event Localization from Rayleigh Backscattering in Phase-Sensitive OTDR Systems (2019)

We introduce a phase-OTDR multi-resolution approach to detect mechanical events through telecom fibers. Perturbations are first coarsely localized from a subset of high-reflecting backscatters, followed by a low complexity localization refinement.
A differentially expressed set of microRNAs in cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) can diagnose CNS malignancies (2015)

Central Nervous System malignancies often require stereotactic biopsy or biopsy for differential diagnosis, and for tumor staging and grading. Furthermore, stereotactic biopsy can be non-diagnostic or underestimate grading. Hence, there is a compelling need of new diagnostic biomarkers to avoid such invasive procedures. Several biological markers have been proposed, but they can only identify specific prognostic subtype of Central Nervous System tumors, and none of them has found a standardized clinical application.The aim of the study was to identify a Cerebro-Spinal Fluid microRNA signature that could differentiate among Central Nervous System malignancies.CSF total RNA of 34 neoplastic and of 14 non-diseased patients was processed by NanoString. Comparison among groups (Normal, Benign, Glioblastoma, Medulloblastoma, Metastasis and Lymphoma) lead to the identification of a microRNA profile that was further confirmed by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization.Hsa-miR-451, -711, 935, -223 and -125b were significantly differentially expressed among the above mentioned groups, allowing us to draw an hypothetical diagnostic chart for Central Nervous System malignancies.This is the first study to employ the NanoString technique for Cerebro-Spinal Fluid microRNA profiling. In this article, we demonstrated that Cerebro-Spinal Fluid microRNA profiling mirrors Central Nervous System physiologic or pathologic conditions. Although more cases need to be tested, we identified a diagnostic Cerebro-Spinal Fluid microRNA signature with good perspectives for future diagnostic clinical applications.