gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histology of microcornea complicated by bullous keratopathy (2001)

This case demonstrates that histological finding of microcornea is not necessarily normal.
Induction of interleukin 6 by human and murine recombinant interleukin 1 in mice (1990)

Interleukin (IL) 6 is a pleistropic cytokine with activities, among others, on immune cells, hematopoietic precursor cells and hepatocytes. We have investigated the kinetics and amplitude of its in vivo induction in mice after injection of four different IL 1 species as well as murine (m) and human (h) tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using a sensitive bioassay on 7TD1 cells to measure the IL 6 concentrations. Recombinant mIL 1 beta, administered as a single i.v. injection in mice, induced the appearance of IL 6 in the plasma with peak levels observed after 2 h. A dose-response correlation was found between serum IL 6 levels and injected IL 1 alpha concentrations at 3 and 8 h after the injection. We then compared the ability of h/mIL 1 alpha, h/mIL 1 beta, h/mTNF and LPS to induce IL 6 in mice. We found: (a) LPS is the most potent inducer of IL 6; (b) 3 h after injection, the four IL 1 preparations had induced IL 6 levels comparable with the IL 6 levels observed after TNF injection; (c) high doses of mIL 1, alpha or beta, but not hIL 1, resulted in a high IL 6 level persisting for over 8 h. We conclude that IL 1 is a potent inducer of IL 6 in vivo and that no major differences are observed between the four IL 1 preparations, as evaluated at 3 h after the injection. However, mIL 1 alpha and mIL 1 beta, in contrast to hIL 1 alpha and hIL 1 beta, induced a sustained IL 6 level over a longer time period. This pattern of prolonged IL 6 induction is even much more pronounced after mTNF injection, but not after hTNF injection.
Light Emission in Periodically Microstructured Porous Silicon (1998)

It has been shown experimentally that the periodic microstructuring of the porosity in porous silicon (PS) resonant cavity light emitting devices (RCLEDs) radically improves their emission linewidth and beam quality 1 . However, an important issue not yet fully addressed is the precise role played by this periodic microstructuring, given that the luminescence is distributed throughout the whole structure and that the low porosity layers are highly absorbing. A greater understanding of this emission process is clearly essential for the optimisation of PS LEDs.
ChemInform Abstract: ATTEMPTS AT SYNTHESIZING NEW HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEMS WITH OXYGEN AND NITROGEN (1985)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung der tosylierten Amine (II) bzw. (III) mit einem Überschuß Dibrommethan (IV) erhält man die Heterocyclen (V) bzw. (VI).
Graphene/Nanohydroxyapatite hybrid reinforced polylactic acid nanocomposite for load-bearing applications (2022)

We studied polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposite reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP)/Nanohydroxyapatite (NHA) hybrid prepared using the melt-mixing technique. Before mixing with the GNP, NHA was surface modified using 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES). The surface-modified NHA (mNHA) loading was constant at 5wt% while varying the GNP loading from 0.01–0.1wt%. Results show with 0.01 wt% GNP, the impact strength of the PLA/mNHA/GNP nanocomposite increased, tensile strength decreased, thermal stability, and viscoelastic properties improved significantly compared to neat PLA and PLA/mNHA. The FESEM images show the agglomeration of mNHA/GNP hybrid at higher loading (>0.05 wt%), leading to the deterioration of PLA/mNHA/GNP nanocomposite properties.
CD137 Is Expressed in Follicular Dendritic Cell Tumors and in Classical Hodgkin and T-Cell Lymphomas (2012)

CD137 (also known as 4-1BB and TNFRSF9) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Originally identified as a costimulatory molecule expressed by activated T cells and NK cells, CD137 is also expressed by follicular dendritic cells, monocytes, mast cells, granulocytes, and endothelial cells. Anti-CD137 immunotherapy has recently shown promise as a treatment for solid tumors and lymphoid malignancies in preclinical models. We defined the expression of CD137 protein in both normal and neoplastic hematolymphoid tissue. CD137 protein is expressed by follicular dendritic cells in the germinal center and scattered paracortical T cells, but not by normal germinal-center B cells, bone marrow progenitor cells, or maturing thymocytes. CD137 protein is expressed by a select group of hematolymphoid tumors, including classical Hodgkin lymphoma, T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphomas, and follicular dendritic cells neoplasms. CD137 is a novel diagnostic marker of these tumors and suggests a possible target for tumor-directed antibody therapy.
African and Asian Zika Virus Isolates Display Phenotypic Differences Both In Vitro and In Vivo (2017)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne member of the genus <i>Flavivirus</i> that has emerged since 2007 to cause outbreaks in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and most recently, in the Americas. Here, we used an isolate history as well as genetic and phylogenetic analyses to characterize three low-passage isolates representing African (ArD 41525) and Asian (CPC-0740, SV0127-14) lineages to investigate the potential phenotypic differences in vitro and in vivo. The African isolate displayed a large plaque phenotype (∼3-4 mm) on Vero and HEK-293 cells, whereas the Asian isolates either exhibited a small plaque phenotype (∼1-2 mm) or did not produce any plaques. In multistep replication kinetics in nine different vertebrate and insect cell lines, the African isolate consistently displayed faster replication kinetics and yielded ∼10- to 10,000-fold higher peak virus titers (infectious or RNA copies) compared with the Asian isolates. Oral exposure of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquitoes with the African isolate yielded higher infection and dissemination rates compared with the Asian isolates. Infection of <i>Ifnar1</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice with the African isolate produced a uniformly fatal disease, whereas infection with the Asian isolates produced either a delay in time-to-death or a significantly lower mortality rate. Last, the African isolate was > 10,000-fold more virulent than the Asian isolates in an interferon type I antibody blockade mouse model. These data demonstrate substantial phenotypic differences between low-passage African and Asian isolates both in vitro and in vivo and warrant further investigation. They also highlight the need for basic characterization of ZIKV isolates, as the utilization of the uncharacterized isolates could have consequences for animal model and therapeutic/vaccine development.
Silicon Carbide MOSFETs for Medium Voltage Megawatt Scale Systems (2016)

Due to their low switching energies, knee-less forward characteristics, and a robust, low reverse recovery body diode, SiC MOSFETs are ideal candidates to replace silicon IGBTs in many high-power medium-voltage topologies. This paper demonstrates how SiC MOSFETs can be effectively combined in series and parallel to maximize the system power density and performance.
Electrochemical study of nanoporous gold revealing anti-biofouling properties (2015)

Schematic shows the morphology of the adsorbed BSA layer on nanoporous gold. Initial response of the electrode from biofouling resulted in faradaic current decay followed by its regeneration due to slow diffusion of analytes through the fouled layer.
PhotoShape (2018)

Existing online 3D shape repositories contain thousands of 3D models but lack photorealistic appearance. We present an approach to automatically assign high-quality, realistic appearance models to large scale 3D shape collections. The key idea is to jointly leverage three types of online data - shape collections, material collections, and photo collections, using the photos as reference to guide assignment of materials to shapes. By generating a large number of synthetic renderings, we train a convolutional neural network to classify materials in real photos, and employ 3D-2D alignment techniques to transfer materials to different parts of each shape model. Our system produces photorealistic, relightable, 3D shapes (PhotoShapes).
River trail (2013)

JavaScript is the most popular language on the web and is a crucial component of HTML5 applications and services that run on consumer platforms ranging from desktops to phones. However, despite ample amount of hardware parallelism available to web applications on such platforms, JavaScript web applications remain predominantly sequential. Common parallel programming solutions accepted by other programming languages failed to transfer themselves to JavaScript due to differences in programming models, the additional requirements of the web and different developer expectations. In this paper we present River Trail - a parallel programming model and API for JavaScript that provides safe, portable, programmer-friendly, deterministic parallelism to JavaScript applications. River Trail allows web applications to effectively utilize multiple cores, vector instructions, and GPUs on client platforms while allowing the web developer to remain within the environment of JavaScript. We describe the implementation of the River Trail compiler and runtime and present experimental results that show the impact of River Trail on performance and scalability for a variety of realistic HTML5 applications. Our experiments show that River Trail has a dramatic positive impact on overall performance and responsiveness of computationally intense JavaScript based applications achieving up to 33.6 times speedup for kernels and up to 11.8 times speedup for realistic web applications compared to sequential JavaScript. Moreover, River Trail enables new interactive web usages that are simply not even possible with standard sequential JavaScript.
Melt-quenched porous organic cage glasses (2021)

The melting and glass-forming behaviour of a range of organic cages was investigated, with quenching of melted liquid states providing molecular glasses, one of which exhibited improved gas uptake compared to the starting amorphous cage.
FoREST-mn: Runtime DVFS beyond communication slack (2014)

Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) is commonly used to save energy in computing systems. However, when it comes to parallel programs, existing DVFS controllers only reduce frequency while or before waiting in blocking communications. As a consequence, energy savings are only possible for the program tasks out of the critical path and when the workload is imbalanced. We propose a new runtime DVFS controller, FoREST-mn. It allows to take advantage of both the low CPU usage of some program phases as well as communication slack to save more energy with parallel programs. The DVFS control then becomes more complex, but energy savings are even obtained when the workload is balanced. The resulting slowdown on programs is carefully controlled and constrained by a user-defined threshold. We implemented the presented strategies and evaluated it on 4 compute nodes totaling 64 cores. FoREST-mn is able to perform significant CPU energy savings on the NAS programs, up to 34 % on MG, while efficiently bounding the resulting slowdown.
Optimum Design of Integer and Fractional-Order PID Controllers for Boost Converter Using SPEA Look-up Tables (2015)

This paper presents a method of designing optimal integer- and fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controllers for a boost converter to gain a set of favorable characteristics at various operating points. A Pareto-based multi-objective optimization approach called strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA) is used to obtain fast and low overshoot start-up and dynamic responses and switching stability. The optimization approach generates a set of optimal gains called Pareto set, which corresponds to a Pareto front. The Pareto front is a set of optimal results for objective functions. These results provide designers with a trade-off look-up table, in which they can easily choose any of the optimal gains based on design requirements. The SPEA also overcomes the difficulties of tuning the FOPID controller, which is an extension to the classic integer-order PID controllers and potentially promises better results. The proposed optimized FOPID controller provides an excellent start-up response and the desired dynamic response. This paper presents a detailed comparison of the optimum integer- and the fractional-order PID controllers. Extensive simulation and experimental results prove the superiority of the proposed design methodology to achieve a wide set of desired technical goals.
Measurement of cross section of an LSI wafer by inverse stereo matching (2006)

This research paper proposes a novel method for estimating the cross-sectional shape of an LSI wafer from a stereo image of an electron microscope. Three-dimensional measurement of an LSI wafer is critical in systems that perform nondestructive dimensional measurement of integrated circuits. In this method, the secondary electron intensity is converted to a three-dimensional shape by using the relationship between the three-dimensional shape and the secondary electron intensity produced when an electron beam is directed to an LSI wafer. A three-dimensional shape can be restored with greater detail by employing an energy minimization method. As a result, the proposed method can stably restore a detailed three-dimensional shape in comparison with the conventional stereo matching method. Since the proposed method restores a three-dimensional shape using a process that is the inverse of the stereo matching method, the proposed method is called the “inverse stereo matching method,” and experimental results obtained using an electron micrograph taken of the LSI wafer show the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(5): 43–53, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20264
Is plasma cardiotrophin-1 a marker of hypertensive heart disease? (2005)

These results show an association between LVH and the plasma concentration of CT-1 in essential hypertension. Although preliminary, these findings suggest that the determination of CT-1 may be an easy and reliable method for the initial screening and diagnosis of hypertensive heart disease.
On the behaviour of p-n junction solar cells made in fine-grained silicon layers (2000)

The behavior of polycrystalline p-n-junction solar cells with a grain size in the order of 1 /spl mu/m is investigated. The diffusion length appears larger than the average grain size at low doping levels but drastically decreases with increasing doping level, with moderate improvement through hydrogenation. The second diode currents are generally very large, leading to poor open-circuit voltages. We suggest that the zone of enhanced recombination, usually confined to the junction depletion region, extends into the base where very small grains are completely depleted due to carrier trapping at grain boundaries.
Redefining the sponge‐symbiont acquisition paradigm: sponge microbes exhibit chemotaxis towards host‐derived compounds (2017)

Marine sponges host stable and species-specific microbial symbionts that are thought to be acquired and maintained by the host through a combination of vertical transmission and filtration from the surrounding seawater. To assess whether the microbial symbionts also actively contribute to the establishment of these symbioses, we performed in situ experiments on Orpheus Island, Great Barrier Reef, to quantify the chemotactic responses of natural populations of seawater microorganisms towards cellular extracts of the reef sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile. Flow cytometry analysis revealed significant levels of microbial chemotaxis towards R. odorabile extracts and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed enrichment of 'sponge-specific' microbial phylotypes, including a cluster within the Gemmatimonadetes and another within the Actinobacteria. These findings infer a potential mechanism for how sponges can acquire bacterial symbionts from the surrounding environment and suggest an active role of the symbionts in finding their host.
Cryosurgical monitoring using bioimpedance measurements-a feasibility study for electrical impedance tomography (2000)

The effectiveness of cryosurgery in treating tumors is highly dependent on knowledge of freezing extent, and therefore relies heavily on real-time imaging techniques for monitoring. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT), which utilizes tissue impedance variation to construct an image, is very well suited to cryosurgery since frozen tissue impedance is much higher than that of unfrozen tissue. In this study, we explore cryosurgical monitoring as a previously uninvestigated application for EIT. The feasibility of bio-impedance measurements to detect ice front propagation is demonstrated by freezing planar tissue samples one-dimensionally while measuring impedance along a linear array. The experimental results compare favorably to a simple finite element model designed to provide an electrical field visualization tool.
Microwave phase control heating (1999)

Abstract Food processors are increasingly looking towards new microwave-based technologies to deliver competitive advantage in the market place, reduce operational costs, allow greater product innovation and increase flexibility without the need for large capital investments. The technical barriers to the widespread exploitation of microwave heating, and opportunities for microwave heating in food processing, are discussed in the context of the need to understand the microwave field/material/process interaction. It is shown how a new application of interference techniques, called phase control microwave heating, may offer opportunities for enhanced heat transfer in food processing, especially for direct control of the spatial power deposition within a foodstuff. Simulations of phase control heating using a 3D FETD microwave model, validation of experimental findings and examples in other applications are presented.
Roll Contrial via Active Flow Control: From Concept to Flight (2010)

This paper describes a series of experiments that enabled a flight demonstration of roll control without moving control surfaces. That goal was achieved using a wing with a partial span Glauert-type airfoil, characterized by an upper-surface boundary-layer separation from the two-thirds chord location at all incidence angles. The flow over that region was proportionally controlled using zero-mass-flux unsteady excitation emanating from piezofluidic actuators. The control was applied to one wing at a time, resulting in gradual suppression of the boundary-layer separation, increased lift, and reduced drag, leading to a coordinated turning motion of the small electric drone. The extensive multidisciplinary study (starting from the actuator adaptation, the airfoil integration, and the two dimensional wind-tunnel tests) led to the selection of a configuration for the flight demonstrator. Further development of a lightweight wing and piezofluidic actuators, along with a compact, lightweight, energy-efficient electronic drive system, was followed by full-scale wind-tunnel tests and three successful flight tests. It was flight demonstrated that active flow control can induce roll moments that are sufficient to control the vehicle flight path during cruise, as well as during landing. A linear model was used to predict the roll motion of the active-flow controlled drone, with reasonable agreement to the flight-test data. The current study resulted in several pioneering (to the best of our knowledge)achievements that should pave the way to further integration of active-flow-control methods in flight vehicles for hingeless flight attitude and flight-path control, as well as improved performance and increased reliability with lower observability.
Sequence and distribution of pro-opiomelanocortin in the pituitary and the brain of the chicken (Gallus gallus) (2000)

Although pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a well-known hormone precursor in many species, molecular information about avian POMCs is still relatively scarce. In a former study Berghman et al., [1998] Mol Cell Endocrinol. 142:119–130) the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of N-terminal POMC in the chicken were reported. To complete the nucleotide sequence of the precursor, rapid amplification of 3` and 5` cDNA end reactions were performed and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were cloned and sequenced. The chicken POMC coding region appears to consist of 678 base pairs in the pituitary and also in the hypothalamus, as assessed by reverse transcriptase PCR. Overall nucleotide sequence homology with other species ranges from 41% (in bovine) to 57% (in rat). The distribution of the POMC mRNA in pituitary and brain was analyzed by in situ hybridization by using 33P-labelled oligonucleotides. Expression of POMC mRNA in the pituitary was restricted to the cephalic lobe, whereas in the brain, the signal was limited to the hypothalamic region. As assessed by Northern blot analysis, the length of the POMC mRNA in both the pituitary and the hypothalamus was approximately 1,200 nucleotides. By using antisera to N-terminal POMC, α-melanotropin and β-endorphin, POMC-containing cells were observed in the cephalic lobe of the pituitary and immunopositive perikarya were localized in the infundibular nucleus and median eminence of the hypothalamus. Immunoreactive fibers were found in the preoptic area and in the medial basal hypothalamus surrounding the third ventricle and more dorsally in the thalamus. Double-staining experiments in the pituitary clearly indicated a complete overlap of the signals generated by these antisera. J. Comp. Neurol. 417:250–262, 2000. ©2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Architecturally designed Pt–MoS2 and Pt–graphene composites for electrocatalytic methanol oxidation (2015)

Thin films consisting of platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) with uniform size and distribution have been successfully prepared at a liquid-liquid interface. Apart from the usual substrates like glass, Si etc. the films were also deposited on the surfaces of MoS2 thin films and graphene nanosheets (GNS) respectively, by using a layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique to form Pt-MoS2 and Pt-GNS composites. The loading concentration of Pt NPs on MoS2 and GNS can be adjusted by selecting the number and sequence of the component layers during LbL deposition. The Pt thin films, Pt-MoS2 and Pt-GNS nanocomposite thin films are characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TEM results of the composites show that Pt NPs with sizes in the range of 1 to 3 nm are uniformly dispersed on the MoS2/GNS surface. The catalytic activities of Pt and Pt-composites for the reaction of methanol oxidation are studied using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Electrochemical studies reveal that both the Pt-MoS2 and Pt-GNS nanocomposites show excellent electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation. Pt-MoS2 and Pt-GNS nanocomposite electrodes show excellent stability for reuse of the catalyst. A probable mechanism of catalysis has been discussed. We propose that the similar architecture reported here would be promising for the synthesis of high performance catalysts for fuel cells, gas phase reactions, and other applications such as sensors.