gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Information states in a multimodal dialogue system for human-robot conversation (2001)

Dengue is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease that in recent years has become a major international public health concern. Dengue is a tropical neglected disease with increasing global incidences, affecting millions of people worldwide, and without the availability of specific treatments to combat it. The identification of host-target genes essential for the virus life cycle, for which effective modulators may already exist, would provide an alternative path to a rapid drug development of the much needed antidengue agents. For this purpose, we performed the first genome-wide RNAi screen, combining two high-content readouts for dengue virus infection (DENV E infection intensity) and host cell toxicity (host cell stained nuclei), against an arrayed lentiviral-based short hairpin RNA library covering 16,000 genes with a redundancy of at least 5 hairpins per gene. The screen identified 1924 gene candidates in total; of which, 1730 gene candidates abrogated dengue infection, whereas 194 gene candidates were found to enhance its infectivity in HEK293 cells. A first pass clustering analysis of hits revealed a well-orchestrated gene-network dependency on host cell homeostasis and physiology triggering distinct cellular pathways for infectivity, replication, trafficking, and egress; a second analysis revealed a comprehensive gene signature of 331 genes common to hits identified in 28 published RNAi host-viral interaction screens. Taken together, our findings provide novel antiviral molecular targets with the potential for drug discovery and development.
Synthesis of (R)-Olodaterol (2010)

Olodaterol is a potent agonist of the human β2-adrenoceptor with a high β1/β2 selectivity. Its crystalline hydrochloride salt is suitable for inhalation and is currently undergoing clinical trials in man for the treatment of asthma. Oloda­terol has a duration of action that exceeds 24 hours in two preclinical animal models of bronchoprotection and it has a better safety margin compared with formoterol.
DC–DC MMC for HVdc Grid Interface of Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Conversion Systems (2017)

This paper explores a utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) plant configuration based on a dc-dc stage interfaced directly to a modular multilevel converter (MMC) used for an HVdc power station. Since PV systems are dc by nature, the proposed solution has several advantages, such as full dc operation and step-up transformers avoidance with modular and reliable configuration. The contributions of this paper are the experimental validation of the proposed utility-scale configuration, while the conventional modulation stage has been further enhanced by including an adaptive phase-shifted modulation allowing improved voltage and current waveforms injected to dc grid under unbalanced power string operation. The enhanced performance is obtained by reducing the carrier frequency component of the converter voltage, generating an improved voltage ripple. Finally, experimental validation during steady-state and dynamic operation are presented to illustrate the behavior of the dc-dc MMC converter managed by the proposed modulation and control scheme.
Low temperature InP layer transfer onto Si by helium implantation and direct wafer bonding (2006)

Helium implantation-induced layer splitting of InP in combination with direct wafer bonding was utilized to achieve low temperature layer transfer of InP onto Si(1 0 0) substrates. InP(1 0 0) wafers with 4 inch diameter were implanted by 100 keV helium ions with a dose of 5 × 1016 cm−2. Then the as-implanted wafers were coated with a spin-on glass (SOG) oxide having a thickness of 150 nm. The SOG coated InP wafers were subsequently bonded to thermally oxidized Si(1 0 0) handle wafers and the bonded wafer pairs were annealed at 200 °C for 20 h to achieve InP layer transfer onto Si(1 0 0) wafers, enabling monolithic integration of InP with Si. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscope images of the transferred InP layers revealed that the layers were about 650 nm thick, which consisted of a heavily damaged InP layer about 300 nm thick directly at the surface and a remaining 350 nm thick layer with considerably less damage.
Enantioselective Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Isolated Isoquinoline Iminiums (2005)

[reaction: see text] The asymmetric, catalytic addition of terminal alkynes to discrete alkyliminium species in the presence of copper bromide, QUINAP ligand, and triethylamine is reported. The reaction proceeds in high yield and high enantiomeric excess with a variety of substrates in solution and is also amenable to solid-phase synthesis.
Immunogenic stress and death of cancer cells: Contribution of antigenicity vs adjuvanticity to immunosurveillance (2017)

Cancer cells are subjected to constant selection by the immune system, meaning that tumors that become clinically manifest have managed to subvert or hide from immunosurveillance. Immune control can be facilitated by induction of autophagy, as well as by polyploidization of cancer cells. While autophagy causes the release of ATP, a chemotactic signal for myeloid cells, polyploidization can trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress with consequent exposure of the "eat-me" signal calreticulin on the cell surface, thereby facilitating the transfer of tumor antigens into dendritic cells. Hence, both autophagy and polyploidization cause the emission of adjuvant signals that ultimately elicit immune control by CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes. We investigated the possibility that autophagy and polyploidization might also affect the antigenicity of cancer cells by altering the immunopeptidome. Mass spectrometry led to the identification of peptides that were presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules in an autophagy-dependent fashion or that were specifically exposed on the surface of polyploid cells, yet lost upon passage of such cells through immunocompetent (but not immunodeficient) mice. However, the preferential recognition of autophagy-competent and polyploid cells by the innate and cellular immune systems did not correlate with the preferential recognition of such peptides in vivo. Moreover, vaccination with such peptides was unable to elicit tumor growth-inhibitory responses in vivo. We conclude that autophagy and polyploidy increase the immunogenicity of cancer cells mostly by affecting their adjuvanticity rather than their antigenicity.
TGF-β Induces IL-9 Production from Human Th17 Cells (2010)

The secretion of IL-9, initially recognized as a Th2 cytokine, was recently attributed to a novel CD4 T cell subset termed Th9 in the murine system. However, IL-9 can also be secreted by mouse Th17 cells and may mediate aspects of the proinflammatory activities of Th17 cells. Here we report that IL-9 is secreted by human naive CD4 T cells in response to differentiation by Th9 (TGF-beta and IL-4) or Th17 polarizing conditions. Yet, these differentiated naive cells did not coexpress IL-17 and IL-9, unless they were repeatedly stimulated under Th17 differentiation-inducing conditions. In contrast to the naive cells, memory CD4 T cells were induced to secrete IL-9 by simply providing TGF-beta during stimulation, as neither IL-4 nor proinflammatory cytokines were required. Furthermore, the addition of TGF-beta to the Th17-inducing cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-21, IL-23) that induce memory cells to secrete IL-17, resulted in the marked coexpression of IL-9 in IL-17 producing memory cells. The proinflammatory cytokine mediating TGF-beta-dependent coexpression of IL-9 and IL-17 was identified to be IL-1beta. Moreover, circulating monocytes were potent costimulators of IL-9 production by Th17 cells via their capacity to secrete IL-1beta. Finally, to determine whether IL-9/IL-17 coproducing CD4 cells were altered in an inflammatory condition, we examined patients with autoimmune diabetes and demonstrated that these subjects exhibit a higher frequency of memory CD4 cells with the capacity to transition into IL-9(+)IL-17(+) cells. These data demonstrate the presence of IL-17(+)IL-9(+) CD4 cells induced by IL-1beta that may play a role in human autoimmune disease.
Titelbild: Synthesis of 1‐Octanol and 1,1‐Dioctyl Ether from Biomass‐Derived Platform Chemicals (Angew. Chem. 34/2012) (2012)

Primäre Alkohole mittlerer Kettenlänge sind wichtige Industrieprodukte. J. Julis und W. Leitner beschreiben in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 8743 ff. einen neuen katalytischen Reaktionsweg zur Synthese der linearen primären C8-Alkoholprodukte 1-Octanol und 1,1-Dioctylether ausgehend von aus Biomassen erhaltenen Plattformchemikalien. Das Titelbild zeigt das Konzept und die Resultate des retrosynthetischen Ansatzes. Die Blasen stehen für Anwendungsbereiche der Produkte.
100 fs pulse generation from an all-solid-state Nd:glass fiber laser oscillator (1992)

An all-solid-state passively mode-locked Nd:glass fiber laser delivering 100 pJ pulses with a minimal pulse width of 100 fs is demonstrated. The oscillator has room-mean-square amplitude fluctuations of 0.2% in a frequency band from 15 Hz to 100 kHz.
Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane-mediated Reductive Decyanation and Cyano Transfer Reactions of Malononitriles (2018)

Reductive decyanation reactions of malononitriles were achieved with tris(trimethylsilyl)silane as a radical mediator. The reaction proceeds via a radical chain mechanism involving a silyl radical addition to the malononitrile to form an imidoyl radical followed by α-cleavage to give a silyl isocyanide and an α-cyano radical. The reaction of a 3-butenyl-substituted malononitrile afforded a decyano/cyanosilylation product in good yield through 1,4-cyano transfer.
Sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon sähköisten vastaanottopalveluiden käyttö kaupunki-maaseutu-alueluokituksen mukaan Suomessa (2022)

Sähköistä asiointia kohtaan on asetettu terveyspoliittisia tavoitteita harvaan asutuissa länsimaissa. Sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon palveluita voidaan toteuttaa soveltuvin osin sähköisinä palveluina. Sähköisten palveluiden käyttö edellyttää asiakkailta välineitä sekä osaamista ja tietoa palveluista, joihin hakeutua. Selvitimme sähköisten sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon vastaanottopalveluiden käyttöä eri alueilla. Tutkimus perustuu satunnaisesti valittujen 20–99 vuotiaiden henkilöiden antamiin vastauksiin aikuisväestöä edustavassa FinSote 2020 kyselytutkimuksessa (n=28 199, osallistumisaktiivisuus 46 prosenttia). Alueluokituksena käytettiin seitsemänluokkaista kaupunki-maaseutu-alueluokitusta. Tulokset esitetään työikäisille (20–64 vuotiaat) ja eläkeikäisille (65–99 vuotiaat) väestöä edustavina osuuksina vakioimattomina ja demografisten tekijöiden suhteen vakioituna. Sähköisesti vastaanottopalveluita käyttäneiden osuus laskettiin edeltävän vuoden aikana sosiaali- tai terveyspalveluja käyttäneistä. Vastaajan antama arvio siitä, korvasiko sähköinen asiointi vähintään yhden perinteisen soiton tai käynnin, laskettiin sähköisiä sosiaali- ja terveyspalveluja käyttäneistä. Kaupunkimaisilla alueilla käytettiin useammin sähköisiä vastaanottopalveluja verrattuna maaseutumaisiin alueisiin. Sosiaali- tai terveydenhuollon palveluita käyttäneistä työikäisistä 39 prosenttia oli käyttänyt sähköisiä vastaanottopalveluita sisemmällä kaupunkialueella, kun vastaava osuus harvaan asutulla maaseudulla oli vain 25 prosenttia. Eläkeikäisistä nämä osuudet olivat pienempiä: sisemmällä kaupunkialueella 13 prosenttia ja harvaan asutulla maaseudulla kahdeksan prosenttia. Kun työikäisistä 86 prosenttia ulommalla kaupunkialueella ja 75 prosenttia maaseudun paikalliskeskuksissa raportoi sähköisen asioinnin korvanneen vähintään yhden perinteisen käynnin, niin eläkeikäisillä osuudet olivat pienempiä: 70 prosenttia sisemmällä kaupunkialueella ja 54 prosenttia harvaan asutulla maaseudulla. Sähköisesti sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon vastaanottopalveluita käyttäneiden osuus oli melko korkea. Sähköisten vastaanottopalveluiden käyttö oli yleisempää kaupunkialueella kuin harvaan asutulla maaseudulla. Ne, jotka olivat asioineet sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollossa sähköisesti, arvioivat useimmiten, että sähköinen asiointi korvasi perinteisen käynnin. Työikäiset käyttivät sähköistä vastaanottopalvelua useammin kuin ikääntyneet. Sähköiset palvelut mahdollistavat asioinnin myös harvaan asutuilla seuduilla. Se, miten pitää välineet kaikkien tavoitettavissa, miten voidaan kohentaa osaamista ja tukea sähköisten palveluiden käyttöön ovat haasteita, joihin sosiaali- ja terveyspolitiikan sekä työllisyys- ja koulutuspolitiikan keinoin on vastattava.
Feedback Circuit among INK4 Tumor Suppressors Constrains Human Glioblastoma Development (2008)

We have developed a nonheuristic genome topography scan (GTS) algorithm to characterize the patterns of genomic alterations in human glioblastoma (GBM), identifying frequent p18(INK4C) and p16(INK4A) codeletion. Functional reconstitution of p18(INK4C) in GBM cells null for both p16(INK4A) and p18(INK4C) resulted in impaired cell-cycle progression and tumorigenic potential. Conversely, RNAi-mediated depletion of p18(INK4C) in p16(INK4A)-deficient primary astrocytes or established GBM cells enhanced tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, acute suppression of p16(INK4A) in primary astrocytes induced a concomitant increase in p18(INK4C). Together, these findings uncover a feedback regulatory circuit in the astrocytic lineage and demonstrate a bona fide tumor suppressor role for p18(INK4C) in human GBM wherein it functions cooperatively with other INK4 family members to constrain inappropriate proliferation.
Dehydrogenation of the Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier System Indole/Indoline/Octahydroindole on Pt(111) (2018)

Indole derivatives are considered as promising liquid organic hydrogen carriers for renewable energy storage. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption, and infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy, we investigated low-temperature adsorption and dehydrogenation during heating of indole, indoline, and octahydroindole on Pt(111). For all three molecules, we find deprotonation of the NH bond above 270 K, accompanied with dehydrogenation of indoline and octahydroindole via an indole intermediate, resulting in an indolide species above 300 K. For octahydroindole, we also find a side reaction yielding small amounts of a π-allyl species between 170 and 450 K. Above 450 K, decomposition of the remaining indolide species takes place.
FY08 LDRD Final Report Stem Cell Fate Decisions (2009)

A detailed understanding of the biological control of fate decisions of stem and progenitor cells is needed to harness their full power for tissue repair and/or regeneration. Currently, internal and external factors that regulate stem cell fate are not fully understood. We aim to engineer biocompatible tools to facilitate the measurement and comparison of the roles and significance of immobilized factors such as extracellular matrix and signaling peptides, synergistic and opposing soluble factors and signals, and cell-to-cell communication, in stem cell fate decisions. Our approach is based on the development of cell microarrays to capture viable stem/progenitor cells individually or in small clusters onto substrate-bound signals (e.g. proteins), combined with conventional antibody and customized subcellular markers made in-house, to facilitate tracking of cell behavior during exposure to relevant signals. Below we describe our efforts, including methods to manipulate a model epithelial stem cell system using a custom subcellular reporter to track and measure cell signaling, arrays with surface chemistry that support viable cells and enable controlled presentation of immobilized signals to cells on the array and fluorescence-based measurement of cell response, and successful on-array tests via conventional immunofluorescence assays that indicate correct cell polarity, localization of junctional proteins, and phenotype, properties which are essential to measuring true cell responses.
The mammalian gene function resource: the international knockout mouse consortium (2012)

In 2007, the International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC) made the ambitious promise to generate mutations in virtually every protein-coding gene of the mouse genome in a concerted worldwide action. Now, 5 years later, the IKMC members have developed high-throughput gene trapping and, in particular, gene-targeting pipelines and generated more than 17,400 mutant murine embryonic stem (ES) cell clones and more than 1,700 mutant mouse strains, most of them conditional. A common IKMC web portal (www.knockoutmouse.org) has been established, allowing easy access to this unparalleled biological resource. The IKMC materials considerably enhance functional gene annotation of the mammalian genome and will have a major impact on future biomedical research.
NeuCode Labeling in Nematodes: Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Impact of Ascaroside Treatment in Caenorhabditis elegans (2015)

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an important model organism for biomedical research. We previously described NeuCode stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), a method for accurate proteome quantification with potential for multiplexing beyond the limits of traditional stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture. Here we apply NeuCode SILAC to profile the proteomic and phosphoproteomic response of C. elegans to two potent members of the ascaroside family of nematode pheromones. By consuming labeled E. coli as part of their diet, C. elegans nematodes quickly and easily incorporate the NeuCode heavy lysine isotopologues by the young adult stage. Using this approach, we report, at high confidence, one of the largest proteomic and phosphoproteomic data sets to date in C. elegans: 6596 proteins at a false discovery rate ≤ 1% and 6620 phosphorylation isoforms with localization probability ≥75%. Our data reveal a post-translational signature of pheromone sensing that includes many conserved proteins implicated in longevity and response to stress.
Planning for Diversity and Change: Implications of a Polyethnic Society (1998)

(1998). Planning for Diversity and Change: Implications of a Polyethnic Society. Planning Practice & Research: Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 359-369.
Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Prostaglandin F2αAction in Human Granulosa-Luteal Cells1 (2001)

In the ovary it has been demonstrated that PGF(2alpha) activates the phospholipase C (PLC)/diacylglycerol/protein kinase C pathway. However, little is known about the downstream signaling events that mediate subsequent cellular responses such as steroidogenesis. The present study was designed to examine the effect of PGF(2alpha) on activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and its physiological role in human granulosa-luteal cells (hGLCs). Human GLCs, obtained from women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, were treated with increasing concentrations of PGF(2alpha) (10 nmol/L to 10 micromol/L) for 5 min. For time-course experiments, hGLCs were treated with 1 micromol/L PGF(2alpha) for 1, 5, 10, or 20 min. Western blot analysis, using a monoclonal antibody that detected the phosphorylated forms of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (p42(mapk) and p44(mapk), respectively), demonstrated that PGF(2alpha) activated MAPK in hGLCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of the cells with neomycin (10 mmol/L; a PLC inhibitor), bisindolylmaleimide I (5 micromol/L; a PKC inhibitor), or PD98059 (50 micromol/L; a MEK inhibitor and a MAPK kinase inhibitor) significantly attenuated the PGF(2alpha)-induced activation of MAPK. In contrast, MAPK activation was not significantly affected by pertussis toxin (200 ng/mL; a G(i) inhibitor) pretreatment. To determine the role of MAPK in steroidogenesis, hGLCs were treated with PGF(2alpha) (1 micromol/L), hCG (1 IU/mL), or PGF(2alpha) plus hCG in the presence or absence of PD98059. Progesterone levels in the culture medium were examined by RIA. Treatment of hGLCs with PGF(2alpha) significantly inhibited hCG-induced progesterone production. The presence of the MEK inhibitor, PD98059, reversed the inhibitory effect of PGF(2alpha) on hCG-induced progesterone production. To our knowledge, it is the first demonstration of PGF(2alpha)-induced activation of the MAPK signaling pathway in the human ovary. These results indicated that PGF(2alpha) activated MAPK subsequent to PLC and PKC activation through pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein in hGLCs. Further, we demonstrated that PGF(2alpha)-induced MAPK activation is associated with modulation of progesterone production. These results support the idea that the MAPK signaling pathway is involved in mediating PGF(2alpha) actions in the human ovary.
Fuzzy logic control for lateral vehicle guidance (1994)

A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is designed and implemented in real time on a Toyota Celica test vehicle to achieve control of the lateral motion of the vehicle. The structure of FLC is modularized as feedback, preview, and gain scheduling rule bases. The parameters of FLC are tuned manually using information from the characteristics of human driving operation and existing controllers. Three feedback FLCs with different feedback variables are designed. A fuzzy preview rule base is developed to utilize preview information regarding the upcoming radii of curvature. Also, a gain scheduling rule base is designed to choose the appropriate controller based on the velocity of the vehicle. These fuzzy logic control strategies are implemented on the test vehicle which follows automatically a multiple curved track using discrete magnetic markers on the roadway and magnetometers on the vehicle as a lateral error reference/sensing system. The experimental test results of the FLCs, which are designed based on an implicit model of the vehicle, are shown, and a comparison is made to similar tests conducted using the frequency shaped LQ controller as well as PID controller, both are designed based on an explicit model of the vehicle.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Improvements of the astro-E2 hard X-ray detector (HXD-II) (2004)

We summarize significant improvements which have been achieved in the development of Astro-E2 Hard X-ray Detector (HXD-II). An expanded energy range and better energy resolution have been achieved from progresses in device materials and redesigning of the front-end electronics. An improved estimation for the detector background in orbit has also been conducted based upon results from our proton irradiation experiment. The sensitivity of HXD-II can be expected to reach an order of 10/sup -6/ [c s/sup -1/ keV/sup -1/ cm/sup -2/].