gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of bioprosthetic heart valve failure: Fatigue causes collagen denaturation and glycosaminoglycan loss (1999)

Bioprosthetic heart valve (BPHV) degeneration, characterized by extracellular matrix deterioration, remodeling, and calcification, is an important clinical problem accounting for thousands of surgeries annually. Here we report for the first time, in a series of in vitro accelerated fatigue studies (5–500 million cycles) with glutaraldehyde fixed porcine aortic valve bioprostheses, that the mechanical function of cardiac valve cusps caused progressive damage to the molecular structure of type I collagen as assessed by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR). The cyclic fatigue caused a progressive loss of helicity of the bioprosthetic cuspal collagen, which was evident from FTIR spectral changes in the amide I carbonyl stretching region. Furthermore, cardiac valve fatigue in these studies also led to loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from the cuspal extracellular matrix. The GAG levels in glutaraldehyde crosslinked porcine aortic valve cusps were 65.2 ± 8.66 μg uronic acid/10 mg of dry weight for control and 7.91 ± 1.1 μg uronic acid/10 mg of dry weight for 10–300 million cycled cusps. Together, these molecular changes contribute to a significant gradual decrease in cuspal bending strength as documented in a biomechanical bending assay measuring three point deformation. We conclude that fatigue-induced damage to type I collagen and loss of GAGs are major contributing factors to material degeneration in bioprosthetic cardiac valve deterioration. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 46, 44–50, 1999.
IDDF2020-ABS-0182 A novel immunosuppressive role of cholesterol in nafld-associated hepatocarcinogenesis (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most prevalent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Driven by the epidemics of obesity and diabetes, it is anticipated that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) will become the most important cause of HCC. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic and immune dysfunction are key features of NAFLD-associated HCC, my research aim to investigate the metabolic-immune dysregulation underlying NAFLD-HCC development. Here we show that aberrant cholesterol accumulation in the liver predisposes cancer development by reprogramming the immunosurveillance microenvironment. <h3>Methods</h3> Comprehensive immune profiling in a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet-induced NAFLD murine model was performed. <h3>Results</h3> Our results revealed a specific reduction of cytolytic natural killer T (NKT) cells in the liver, which was negatively correlated with the elevated cholesterol level. Cholesterol-lowering drug Rosuvastatin reduced cholesterol level and restored NKT cell proportion and function, which subsequently suppressed the growth of orthotopically-implanted HCC tumor. Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by an mTORC1/C2 dual kinase inhibitor Vistusertib (AZD2014), or lentiviral-mediated suppression of the mTOR pathway also showed similar effects. Notably, NKT inactivation by a specific CD1d receptor-targeting antibody abolished the anti-tumorigenic effects of both Rosuvastatin and Vistusertib, thus underscoring the casual role of NKT in cholesterol-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis. We also showed a reduction of NKT cells and its negative correlation with cholesterol elevation in obese patients undergone bariatric surgery. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our study elucidates a new immunosuppressive role of cholesterol in establishing a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. These findings explain why cholesterol-lowering drugs may reduce cancer incidence and provide new therapeutic strategies of revitalizing the immunosurveillant NKT cells for the intervention of NAFLD-associated HCC. This project is supported by the University Grants Committee through the Collaborative Research Fund (C4045-18W), General Research Fund (14108219, 14105419), the Li Ka Shing Foundation and the Terry Fox Foundation and the AstraZeneca Preclinical Oncology Research Program (2017).
Offset-Free Gigahertz Midinfrared Frequency Comb Based on Optical Parametric Amplification in a Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Waveguide (2016)

Compact laser frequency combs covering the midinfrared ``fingerprint'' spectral region are desirable light sources for high-sensitivity, high-resolution detection of target molecules. The authors leverage the nonlinear properties of chip-scale Si${}_{3}$N${}_{4}$ and periodically poled LiNbO${}_{3}$ waveguides to obtain a tunable, energy-efficient mid-IR frequency comb. Here the pulse energy needed for a given power per comb line is nearly two orders of magnitude lower than for conventional systems. These results are promising for applications in environmental, medical, and industrial diagnostics.
The MUSCAT Readout Electronics Backend: Design and Pre-deployment Performance (2022)

Abstract MUSCAT is a new large-format 1.1 mm continuum camera for local and extra-galactic astronomy currently being installed at the 50 m Large Millimetre Telescope Alfonso Serrano, LMT. The focal plane is populated with 1458 feedhorn coupled Aluminium LEKIDs, cooled to 130 mk, and read out with 6 frequency division multiplexed RF readout chains, each with a 500 MHz bandwidth. The nominal mux ratio is $$\sim$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:math> 250 resonators per chain with an average spacing of 2 MHz between resonators. In each RF chain, the multiplexed waveform generation/decomposition is performed with the BLAST-TNG firmware on a ROACH2 FPGA board with a MUSIC DAC/ADC. The quadrature modulated IF signals are mixed to and from the LEKID readout band on a custom card that houses IQ mixers, a programmable synthesizer, and additional programmable input and output gain control and filtering. Within the cryostat, the RF signals are attenuated prior to reaching the focal plane array and then amplified at 4K. A novel software system controls all the programmable hardware and handles instructions from the LMT instrument control system to record and store observation data, as well as performing automated resonator retuning and providing results of quick look analysis to the telescope operators. In this paper, we present the detailed design and in-lab performance of the cryogenic and room temperature electronics, and the software control system.
Simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological recording (1995)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop a method for obtaining simultaneous electrophysiological and functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Using phantom experiments and tests on several of the investigators, a method for obtaining simultaneous electrophysiological and fMRI data was developed and then tested in three volunteers including two task activation experiments. It was then applied in a sleep experiment (n = 12). Current limiting resistance and low‐pass filtering were added to the electrophysiological circuit. Potential high frequency current loops were avoided in the electrical layout near the subject. MRI was performed at 1.5 T using conventional and echo planar imaging sequences. There was no evidence of subject injury. Expected correlations were observed between the electrophysiological and fMRI data in the task activation experiments. The fMRI data were not significantly degraded by the electrophysiological apparatus. Alpha waves were detected from within the magnet in seven of the 15 experimental sessions. There was degradation of the electrophysiological data due to ballistocardiographic artifacts (pulsatile whole body motion time‐locked to cardiac activity) which varied between subjects from being minimal to becoming large enough to make detection of alpha waves difficult. We concluded that simultaneous fMRI and electrophysiological recording is possible with minor modifications of standard electrophysiological equipment. Our initial results suggest this can be done safely and without compromise of the fMRI data. The usefulness of this technique for studies of such things as sleep and epilepsy is promising. Applications requiring higher precision electrophysiological data, such as evoked response measurements, may require modifications based on ballistocardiographic effects. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Machine Learning-Augmented Propensity Score-Adjusted Multilevel Mixed Effects Panel Analysis of Hands-On Cooking and Nutrition Education versus Traditional Curriculum for Medical Students as Preventive Cardiology: Multisite Cohort Study of 3,248 Trainees over 5 Years (2018)

This study provides the first machine learning-augmented causal inference analysis of a multisite cohort showing hands-on cooking and nutrition education for medical trainees improves their competencies counseling patients on nutrition, while improving students' own diets. This study suggests that the public health and medical sectors can unite population health management and precision medicine for a sustainable model of next-generation health systems providing effective, equitable, accessible care beginning with reversing the CVD epidemic.
Translational Medicine: Path to Personalized and Public Health (2010)

Community integration establishes a basis for bidirectionality in translational research, in which neighborhood representatives shape the research agenda and inform the prioritization of questions, individualizing medical research that is aligned with specific community needs."
Towards Interactive Debugging of Rule-based Entity Matching (2017)

Entity Matching (EM) identifies pairs of records referring to the same real-world entity. In practice, this is often accomplished by employing analysts to iteratively design and maintain sets of matching rules. An important task for such analysts is a “debugging” cycle in which they make a modification to the matching rules, apply the modified rules to a labeled subset of the data, inspect the result, and then perhaps make another change. Our goal is to make this process interactive by minimizing the time required to apply the modified rules. We focus on a common setting in which the matching function is a set of rules where each rule is in conjunctive normal form (CNF). We propose the use of “early exit” and “dynamic memoing” to avoid unnecessary and redundant computations. These techniques create a new optimization problem, and accordingly we develop a cost model and study the optimal ordering of rules and predicates in this context. We also provide techniques to reuse previous results and limit the computation required to apply incremental changes. Through experiments on six real-world data sets we demonstrate that our approach can yield a significant reduction in matching time and provide interactive response times.
The identification of novel, high affinity AQP9 inhibitors in an intracellular binding site (2013)

We have established a successful strategy for AQP small molecule inhibitor identification. AQP inhibitors may be relevant as experimental tools, to enhance our understanding of AQP function, and in the treatment of various diseases.
Chronic HIV-1 Tat and HIV Reduce Rbfox3/NeuN: Evidence for Sex- Related Effects (2015)

The NeuN antibody has been widely used to identify and quantify neurons in normal and disease situations based on binding to a nuclear epitope in most types of neurons. This epitope was recently identified as the RNA-binding, feminizing locus on X-3 (Rbfox3), a member of the larger, mammalian Fox1 family of RNA binding proteins. Fox1 proteins recognize a unique UGCAUG mRNA motif and regulate alternative splicing of precursor mRNA to control post-transcriptional events important in neuronal differentiation and central nervous system development. Recent clinical findings show that Rbfox3/NeuN gene dosage is altered in certain human neurodevelopmental disorders, and redistribution has been noted in HIV+ tissue. We hypothesized that HIV-1 Tat might affect Rbfox3/NeuN expression, and examined this question in vivo using inducible transgenic mice, and in vitro using human mesencephalic-derived neurons. Rbfox3/NeuN expression and localization in HIV+ basal ganglia and hippocampus was also examined. Chronic Tat exposure reduced Rbfox3/NeuN protein levels and increased cytoplasmic localization, similar to the effect of HIV exposure. Cytoplasmic Rbfox3/NeuN signal has occasionally been reported, although the meaning or function of cytoplasmic versus nuclear localization remains speculative. Importantly, Rbfox3/NeuN reductions were more significant in male mice. Although Rbfox3/NeuN-expressing cells were significantly decreased by Tat exposure, stereology showed that Nissl+ neuron numbers remained normal. Thus, loss of Rbfox3/NeuN may relate more to functional change than to neuron loss. The effects of Tat by itself are highly relevant to HIV+ individuals maintained on antiretroviral therapy, since Tat is released from infected cells even when viral replication is inhibited. Keywords: Human, male, NeuroAIDS, neurodegeneration, stereology, transgenic.
Statistical Properties of the Close-Microphone Responses (2012)

The close-microphone technique is widely used in modern sound engineering practice. It is mainly used to minimize the effect of leakage and room acoustics on the received signal. In this work, the properties of the close-microphone response are investigated from a signal processing point of view, through the respective frequency domain statistical moments. Room impulse response measurements were made in various rooms and source-microphone distances and statistical moments were calculated over frequency and distance. It is shown that the statistical properties of the impulse responses remain relatively constant for short sourcemicrophone distances and this in turn provides a consistent sound, which was validated through a subjective evaluation test.
C++ Standard Library Quick Reference (2016)

This book is a condensed reference guide to the essential data structures, algorithms, and functions provided by the C++ Standard Library. More specifically, you'll learn and have access to the following: â¢ The essentials that the C++ Standard Library has to offer â¢ How to use containers to efficiently store and retrieve your data â¢ How to use algorithms to inspect and manipulate your data â¢ How lambda expressions allow for elegant use of algorithms â¢ What the standard string class provides and how to use it â¢ What functionality the library provides for file and stream-based I/O â¢ What smart pointers are and how to use them to prevent memory leaks â¢ How to write safe and efficient multi-threaded code using the C++11 threading libraries.
A Mild and Efficient Solid-Support Synthesis of Novel Oligonucleotide Conjugates (1998)

Conjugates of oligodeoxyribonucleotide phosphorothioate (ODN-PS) with folic acid, retinoic acid, arachidonic acid, and methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)propionic acid have been synthesized. The procedure involved the initial solid-phase preparation of 5'-amino-functionalized ODN-PS using N-pent-4-enoyl-derived (PNT) nucleoside phosphoramidites followed by conjugation of the oligonucleotide either to the ligand acids, using 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide as a coupling reagent, or to their corresponding succinimidyl derivatives. Subsequent exposure of the support to aqueous ammonium hydroxide (28%, 2 h, 55 degrees C) resulted in the release of the fully deprotected ODN conjugates, which were purified by reversed-phase HPLC or by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The identity of the oligonucleotide conjugates was confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectral analysis.
Transformation from Nonthermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules to Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules (2020)

Abstract A novel molecular design approach transforming nonthermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules to TADF molecules is developed for high external quantum efficiencies in TADF devices by utilizing an opened double emission process through selective twisting of the donor structure. Two non‐TADF type donor–acceptor molecules are coupled together to selectively twist the donor structure for enhanced charge transfer character. Selective twisting of the donor is achieved by simultaneously coupling the opened reverse intersystem crossing channel for TADF emission and the double emission process to achieve high external quantum efficiencies. Two emitters are created based on the molecular design concept demonstrating high external quantum efficiencies of 27.8% for sky blue TADF devices.
The Case for Software Health Management (2011)

Software Health Management (SWHM) is a new field that is concerned with the development of tools and technologies to enable automated detection, diagnosis, prediction, and mitigation of adverse events due to software anomalies. Significant effort has been expended in the last several decades in the development of verification and validation (V&V) methods for software intensive systems, but it is becoming increasingly more apparent that this is not enough to guarantee that a complex software system meets all safety and reliability requirements. Modern software systems can exhibit a variety of failure modes which can go undetected in a verification and validation process. While standard techniques for error handling, fault detection and isolation can have significant benefits for many systems, it is becoming increasingly evident that new technologies and methods are necessary for the development of techniques to detect, diagnose, predict, and then mitigate the adverse events due to software that has already undergone significant verification and validation procedures. These software faults often arise due to the interaction between the software and the operating environment. Unanticipated environmental changes lead to software anomalies that may have significant impact on the overall success of the mission. Because software is ubiquitous, it is not sufficient that errors are detected only after they occur. Rather, software must be instrumented and monitored for failures before they happen. This prognostic capability will yield safer and more dependable systems for the future. This paper addresses the motivation, needs, and requirements of software health management as a new discipline.
Microwave-excited microplasma thruster with helium and hydrogen propellants (2011)

Microplasma thruster of electrothermal type has been investigated with feed or propellant gases of He and H2. The thruster consisted of an azimuthally symmetric microwave-excited microplasma source 1.5 mm in diameter and 10 mm long with a rod antenna on axis, and a converging-diverging micronozzle 1 mm long with a throat 0.2 mm in diameter. Surface wave-excited plasmas were established by 4.0-GHz microwaves at powers of ≤ 6 W, with the source pressure in the range 0.5–12 kPa at flow rates of 2–70 sccm. The microplasma generation, micronozzle flow, and thrust performance with He were numerically analyzed by using a two-dimensional fluid model, coupled with an electromagnetic model for microwaves interacting with plasmas in the source region. In experiments, the plasma electron density and gas temperature in the microplasma source were measured at around the top of the microwave antenna, or just upstream of the micronozzle inlet, by optical emission spectroscopy with a small amount of additive gases of H2 and N2. In the case of He propellant, the Stark broadening of H Balmer-β line and the vibronic spectrum of N2 2nd positive (0, 2) band indicated that the electron density was in the range (2-5)×1019m-3 and the gas or rotational temperature was in the range 600–700 K. The thrust performance was also measured by using a target-type microthrust stand, giving a thrust in the range 0.04–0.51 mN, a specific impulse in the range 150–270 s, and a thrust efficiency in the range 2%–12%. These experimental results were consistent with those of numerical analysis, depending on microwave power and gas flow rate. Similar plasma characteristics and thrust performance were obtained with H2 propellant, where the specific impulse of ≤ 450 s was more than 1.5 times higher than that with He, owing to a difference in mass between He and H2. A comparison with previous studies with Ar propellant [T. Takahashi et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 083505 (2009)] indicated that in the presence as well as absence of plasma discharge, the specific impulse was enhanced by more than 3–5 times with light-mass propellants He and H2 as has been known for large-scale propulsion systems. Thus, it follows that in the microplasma thruster of electrothermal type, the high diffusivity and thermal conductivity of He and H2 in the microplasma source of high surface-to-volume ratios do not lead to a deterioration of the thrust performance, primarily owing to a more significant thermal energy gain due to elastic collisions between electrons and heavy particles in He and H2.
Optical properties of InxAl1−xN film and nanocolumns (2009)

We analyzed photoluminescence (PL) spectra of In-rich InxAl1−xN nanocolumns (NCs; x = 0.80) and film (x = 0.82) using the free-electron recombination to bound (FERB) model. The FERB model fits well to the PL spectra of the In-rich InxAl1−xN film and NCs, which implies that light-emitting properties of In-rich InxAl1−xN are similar to those of InN. We obtained bandgap energies and electron carrier densities from the results of fitting the PL spectra.
Decay of /sup 138/Eu, /sup 136/Eu and deformation in the light Sm region (1985)

The remote region of deformation in the very light rare earth region has been investigated by observation of the decay of /sup 138/Eu and /sup 136/Eu. These nuclei were produced with /sup 48/Ti beams incident on /sup 92/Mo targets and mass separated on-line at the UNISOR facility. Fifteen gamma rays associated with a 12 +- 1 s activity attributed to /sup 138/Eu decay have been identified and ten of these placed in a decay scheme. The 2+..-->..0+ transition in /sup 136/Sm has also been identified. These results are compared to IBM2 and cranking model predictions.
Detection of small molecules with surface plasmon resonance by synergistic plasmonic effects of nanostructured surfaces and graphene (2017)

Surface plasmon resonance depends on the dielectric medium at the vicinity and makes it a quasi-universal detector. Therefore, and due to the label-free nature, SPR is a widely used sensing tool for real‐time monitoring molecular interactions of various analytes. However, detection of highly diluted analytes and small molecules (&lt; 400 Da) is still challenging. Gold nanohole arrays provide plasmonic hotspots with improved surface sensitivity and 2D carbon nanomaterials enable binding near the surface. Both effects together are promising in the development of SPR sensors for the efficient determination of small molecules. Graphene is known for efficient binding of molecules with delocalized aromatic &pi;-systems. Additionally, the electromagnetic field is locally enhanced and modulated by the interaction of graphene photonics with the plasmonics of metal nanostructures. The advantages of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene over reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is illustrated by a proof of concept study. In comparison to substrates consisting of a continuous film the surface sensitivity is enhanced for a nanohole arrays and further improved for CVD graphene functionalization in contrast to rGO. The feasibility of the sensor was demonstrated for the detection of adenine down to a concentration of 0.9 &mu;M.