gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell division rates decrease with age, providing a potential explanation for the age-dependent deceleration in cancer incidence (2019)

A new evaluation of previously published data suggested to us that the accumulation of mutations might slow, rather than increase, as individuals age. To explain this unexpected finding, we hypothesized that normal stem cell division rates might decrease as we age. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated cell division rates in the epithelium of human colonic, duodenal, esophageal, and posterior ethmoid sinonasal tissues. In all 4 tissues, there was a significant decrease in cell division rates with age. In contrast, cell division rates did not decrease in the colon of aged mice, and only small decreases were observed in their small intestine or esophagus. These results have important implications for understanding the relationship between normal stem cells, aging, and cancer. Moreover, they provide a plausible explanation for the enigmatic age-dependent deceleration in cancer incidence in very old humans but not in mice.
High-Voltage breakdown and conditioning of carbon and molybdenum electrodes (2005)

Carbon and molybdenum electrodes employed in high-voltage devices such as ion sources and traveling wave tubes can be easily damaged by electrical breakdown and arcing events. Modification of the electrode surfaces due to these events can impact the voltage hold-off capability of the surfaces, which could lead to additional arcing, further damage, and the potential for device failure. Power supplies driving these devices are usually rated for their damage potential by the amount of stored energy. However, many systems that use arc discharges characterize the lifetime of the device for voltage hold-off and the amount of material removed from the surfaces by the amount of current that passes through the arc, or the "Coulomb-transfer rating." The results of a series of tests that were performed on the voltage hold-off capability and damage to several different carbon and molybdenum surfaces due to induced arcing are presented. Damage to the surfaces was characterized by the field emission threshold after arcing events, by the amount of Coulomb-transfer in the arc, and by scanning electron microscope photographs of the subsequent surfaces. Both conditioning and damage to the surfaces were observed, and are related to the characteristics of the materials and the electrical breakdowns.
Beta-trace protein as sensitive marker for CSF rhinorhea and CSF otorhea (2003)

This new beta-trace protein assay offers a fast, sensitive and reliable routine method to detect a CSF rhinorhea or otorhea.
Sound focusing in rooms. II. The spatio-temporal inverse filter (2003)

The potential of time reversal processing for room acoustics has been extensively investigated in the companion of this paper [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113(3), 1533-1543 (2003)]. In particular, a simple implementation of a loudspeaker time reversal antenna able to take advantage of the multiple reflections in reverberating rooms demonstrates its potential for audible range acoustics while improving focusing both in space and time. However, loss of information (e.g., sound absorption in walls or nonequalized bandwidths of the loudspeakers) during a time reversal experiment degrades the quality of time reversal focusing. In this paper, a more sophisticated technique called spatio-temporal inverse filtering is investigated that achieves time and space deconvolution of the propagation operator between the loudspeakers antenna and a set of microphones embedded inside the insonified volume. Theoretical and experimental comparisons between time reversal and inverse filter focusing are presented. Finally, advantages and limitations of both focusing approaches are highlighted.
Inverse Occlusion: A Binocularly Motivated Treatment for Amblyopia (2019)

Recent laboratory findings suggest that short-term patching of the amblyopic eye (i.e., inverse occlusion) results in a larger and more sustained improvement in the binocular balance compared with normal controls. In this study, we investigate the cumulative effects of the short-term inverse occlusion in adults and old children with amblyopia. This is a prospective cohort study of 18 amblyopes (10-35 years old; 2 with strabismus) who have been subjected to 2 hours/day of inverse occlusion for 2 months. Patients who required refractive correction or whose refractive correction needed updating were given a 2-month period of refractive adaptation. The primary outcome measure was the binocular balance which was measured using a phase combination task; the secondary outcome measures were the best-corrected visual acuity which was measured with a Tumbling E acuity chart and converted to logMAR units and the stereoacuity which was measured with the Random-dot preschool stereogram test. The average binocular gain was 0.11 in terms of the effective contrast ratio (<i>z</i> = -2.344, <i>p</i> = 0.019, 2-tailed related samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test). The average acuity gain was 0.13 logMAR equivalent (<i>t</i>(17) = 4.76, <i>p</i> < 0.001, 2-tailed paired samples <i>t</i>-test). The average stereoacuity gain was 339 arc seconds (<i>z</i> = -2.533, <i>p</i> = 0.011). Based on more recent research concerning adult ocular dominance plasticity, we conclude that inverse occlusion in adults and old children with amblyopia does produce long-term gains to binocular balance and that acuity and stereopsis can improve in some subjects.
Solution conformations of the peptide backbone for DPDPE and its β‐MePhe4‐substituted analogs (1993)

The solution structures of DPDPE, a conformationally restricted pentapeptide with the sequence H-Tyr1-D-Pen2-Gly3-Phe4-D-Pen5-OH, and its four beta-MePhe4-substituted analogs were examined by a combined approach including the NMR measurements in DMSO and water as well as independent energy calculations. It was concluded that several low energy conformers of DPDPE backbone satisfy the NMR data obtained in this study as well as in previous studies by other authors. These possible solution conformers of DPDPE in both DMSO and water share virtually the same type of cyclic backbone structure, with the Gly3 residue in a conformation close to a gamma-turn, and the Phe4 residue in a conformation close to alpha-helical torsion angles. They differ in the space arrangements of the flexible Tyr1 moiety. The solution structures of the beta-MePhe4-substituted analogs of DPDPE are interesting. For analogs with an S-configuration at the C alpha atom in the Phe4 residue, the cyclic backbone conformations resemble those of DPDPE itself, whereas for analogs with an R-configuration at the C alpha atom, the backbone conformation is somewhat different. This observation is in line with the high biological potencies and selectivities displayed by the former compounds but not by the latter ones. It was noted also that as far as the peptide backbone conformers are concerned, some of the possible DPDPE conformers in water are similar to the previously suggested model for the delta-receptor-bound conformation of DPDPE, becoming virtually identical to this conformation by rotating the side chains of the Tyr1 and the Phe4 residues.
Design and measurement of new reflectarray antenna using microstrip patches loaded with slot (2005)

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Deletion of the insulin receptor beta-subunit acidic domain results in enhanced metabolic signaling. (1993)

The contribution of the insulin receptor beta-subunit acidic domain, amino acids 1262-1291, to receptor function was analyzed. A mutant insulin receptor complementary DNA lacking this domain was created. Rat-1 fibroblasts were stably transfected with plasmids containing the mutant insulin receptor complementary DNA and clonal cell lines derived (hIR1262). Compared with cells overexpressing the wild type insulin receptor, metabolic signaling was enhanced in hIR1262 cells whereas the mitogenic response to insulin was unchanged. hIR1262 had normal kinase activity and insulin-stimulated receptor internalization in spite of substantially reduced autophosphorylation (70% decreased in vitro). Additionally, polylysine, a polycation postulated to interact with the insulin receptor beta-subunit acidic domain, increased autophosphorylation and facilitated insulin-induced phosphorylation of calmodulin in the wild type as well as the hIR1262 receptors. We conclude: 1) The acidic domain is not the site of interaction between the insulin receptor and polycations. 2) Removal of the acidic domain leads to enhanced metabolic signaling but 3) unchanged mitogenic activity. 4) The defect in autophosphorylation is not correlated with a defect in kinase activity. Thus, the observed changes in biological signaling indicate that specific pathways diverge at the level of the receptor itself and that neither kinase activity or biological activity necessarily correlates directly with diminished autophosphorylation when the tyrosine kinase domain remains intact.
ChemInform Abstract: Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Intercalated Molybdate Ions in Layered Metal Hydroxides. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Post-exposure protection of SARS-CoV-2 lethal infected K18-hACE2 transgenic mice by neutralizing human monoclonal antibody (2021)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exhibits high levels of mortality and morbidity and has dramatic consequences on human life, sociality and global economy. Neutralizing antibodies constitute a highly promising approach for treating and preventing infection by this novel pathogen. In the present study, we characterize and further evaluate the recently identified human monoclonal MD65 antibody for its ability to provide protection against a lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection of K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. Eighty percent of the untreated mice succumbed 6-9 days post-infection, while administration of the MD65 antibody as late as 3 days after exposure rescued all infected animals. In addition, the efficiency of the treatment is supported by prevention of morbidity and ablation of the load of infective virions in the lungs of treated animals. The data demonstrate the therapeutic value of human monoclonal antibodies as a life-saving treatment for severe COVID-19 infection.
Polarizable Anionic Sublattices Can Screen Molecular Dipoles in Noncentrosymmetric Inorganic–Organic Hybrids (2023)

We report the growth and photophysical characterization of two polar hybrid lead halide phases, methylenedianiline lead iodide and bromide, (MDA)Pb<sub>2</sub>I<sub>6</sub> and (MDA)Pb<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>6</sub>, respectively. The phases crystallize in noncentrosymmetric space group <i>Fdd</i>2, which produces a highly oriented molecular dipole moment that gives rise to second harmonic generation (SHG) upon excitation at 1064 nm. While both compositions are isostructural, the size dependence of the SHG signal suggests that the bromide exhibits a stronger phase-matching response whereas the iodide exhibits a significantly weaker non-phase-matching signal. Similarly, fluorescence from (MDA)Pb<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>6</sub> is observed around 630 nm below 75 K whereas only very weak luminescence from (MDA)Pb<sub>2</sub>I<sub>6</sub> can be seen. We attribute the contrasting optical properties to differences in the character of the halide sublattice and postulate that the increased polarizability of the iodide ions acts to screen the local dipole moment, effectively reducing the local electric field in the crystals.
Sub-eutectic densification and second phase formation in Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ - CaO (1984)

The early and intermediate densification stages of calcia containing alumina were examined at sub-eutectic temperatures. Up to 0.15% wt % calcia causes a decrease in the densification rates; from 0.15 to 0.7 wt % calcia an increasing densification rate is observed; more than 0.75 wt % calcia leads to a montonically decreasing densification rate. The data are interpreted as a competition between grain-boundary defect chemistry, enhanced subeutectic densification, and formation of calcium-aluminate phases of lower calcia activity.
Self-Assembly (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Q*cert (2017)

We present Q*cert, a platform for the specification, verification, and implementation of query compilers written using the Coq proof assistant. The Q*cert platform is open source and includes some support for SQL and OQL, and for code generation to Spark and Cloudant. It internally relies on familiar database intermediate representations, notably the nested relational algebra and calculus and a novel extension of the nested relational algebra that eases the handling of environments. The platform also comes with simple but functional and extensible query optimizers.
Two-in-One Composite Fibers With Side-by-Side Arrangement of Silk Fibroin and Poly(l-lactide) by Electrospinning (2015)

1D fibers of Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) and poly(l-lactide) (SF-s-PLLA) with side-by-side parallel arrangement of the two components in a single fiber made by electrospinning are presented. The side-by-side arrangement in both randomly oriented and aligned two-in-one fibers was confirmed by scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscope studies. The molecular orientation and secondary structure of SF and PLLA were dependent on the fiber alignment and annealing conditions. The two sides retained their individual secondary structure before and after annealing without affecting each other in a significant way. The two-in-one fibers after post treatment with methanol and heat at 80 °C showed tensile strength 16.5 ± 1.4 MPa, modulus 205 ± 20.6 MPa, and an elongation at break of 53 ± 8%.
An analysis of elderly people's standing-up action from chair using support tool - Contribution of arm force (2013)

This paper reports a results of analysis for the contribution of arm force in elderly people's standing-up action. Because of leg's muscle deterioration, elderly people use their arm force when standing up by putting their arms on the armrests. We analyze the elderly people's standing-up action using a cushion type standing up support tool with adjustable seat that has already developed and an armrest with height adjustment function that is newly developed. And we measured numerical data relating to the standing-up action (acceleration, arm force, time, forward bending angle, elbow angle, seat angle). As a result, we found that the numerical data was improved in the case when the armrests height is 0.10m. Furthermore, elderly peope felt making stand up easy. We could confirm that elderly people tended to stand up easily when the height of the armrests was 0.10m.
Spatially Adaptive Computation Time for Residual Networks (2016)

This paper proposes a deep learning architecture based on Residual Network that dynamically adjusts the number of executed layers for the regions of the image. This architecture is end-to-end trainable, deterministic and problem-agnostic. It is therefore applicable without any modifications to a wide range of computer vision problems such as image classification, object detection and image segmentation. We present experimental results showing that this model improves the computational efficiency of Residual Networks on the challenging ImageNet classification and COCO object detection datasets. Additionally, we evaluate the computation time maps on the visual saliency dataset cat2000 and find that they correlate surprisingly well with human eye fixation positions.
Impact of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (CSF) and granulocyte–macrophage CSF in patients with malignant lymphoma: a systematic review (2003)

The granulopoiesis-stimulating factors, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), are used to prevent neutropenia and febrile neutropenia in patients with malignant lymphoma. The question as to whether G-CSF/GM-CSF improves dose-intensity, tumour response and overall survival (OS) has not yet been answered. As the results from single studies are inconclusive, a systematic review was performed to determine the effectiveness of G-CSF/GM-CSF. Randomized controlled trials comparing prophylaxis with G-CSF/GM-CSF versus no prophylaxis in adult patients with malignant lymphoma undergoing conventional chemotherapy were included. Medical databases (Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase) and conference proceedings were searched. All authors were contacted to obtain missing data. We included 11 studies making a total of 1434 patients. Compared with no prophylaxis, G-CSF/GM-CSF significantly reduced the relative risk (RR) for neutropenia [RR 0.64 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-0.75]] febrile neutropenia (RR 0.74 [95% CI 0.62-0.89]) and infection (RR 0.74 [95% CI 0.64-0.85]). G-CSF/GM-CSF did not decrease infection-related mortality (RR 2.07 [95% CI 0.81-5.34]), improve complete remission (CR) (RR 1.06 [95% CI 0.96-1.16]) or OS (HR 0.98 [95% CI 0.81-1.18]). In conclusion, G-CSF/GM-CSF given during conventional chemotherapy in malignant lymphoma patients reduced the RR of neutropenia, febrile neutropenia and infection. However, there is no evidence that G-CSF/GM-CSF improved CR and OS in this clinical setting.
Investigation of Failure Processes in Porous Battery Substrates: Part I—Experimental Findings (1999)

Experimental findings are presented which demonstrate the coupled transport, mechanical and morphological changes in porous battery materials when they are cycled electrochemically. These materials, comprised of a mixture of powdered nickel and nickel fiber, act as substrates in nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) cells, and function as porous, conductive containment for positive-plate active material. They can offer substantial weight and cost savings over more traditional sintered or foam materials, provided they can be designed to produce good conductivity over many (&gt;500) electrochemical cycles. This study represents an expansion of previous work by the authors, which had established some key differences in the behavior of substrate materials for a small number of cells. Here, these difference are validated with a greater variety and number of electrochemical/material experiments, along with a parallel study on morphological changes. In the second paper in this series (Cheng et al., 1999b), transport and mechanics models are presented to explain the observed differences, using microstructural models based on observations in this study.
Weight reduction for quantum codes (2017)

We present an algorithm that takes a CSS stabilizer code as input, and outputs another CSS stabilizer code such that the stabilizer generators all have weights O(1) and such that O(1) generators act on any given qubit. The number of logical qubits is unchanged by the procedure, while we give bounds on the increase in number of physical qubits and in the effect on distance and other code parameters, such as soundness (as a locally testable code) and “cosoundness” (defined later). Applications are discussed, including to codes from high-dimensional manifolds which have logarithmic weight stabilizers. Assuming a conjecture in geometry[11], this allows the construction of CSS stabilizer codes with generator weight O(1) and almost linear distance. Another application of the construction is to increasing the distance to X or Z errors, whichever is smaller, so that the two distances are equal.
Modulation of pancreatic tumor immunity by NKG2D T cells through MICB shedding (2023)

Abstract Natural killer group 2 member D ligands (NKG2DLs) are expressed as stress response proteins in cancer cells. NKG2DLs induce the activation of immune cells or tumor escape responses, depending on their expression. Human pancreatic cancer cells, Panc-1, express membrane MICA/B (mMICA/B), whereas soluble MICB (sMICB) is detected in the culture supernatant. We hypothesized that sMICB saturates NKG2D in NKG2D Low T cells and inhibits the activation signal from mMICB to NKG2D. The findings revealed that downregulation of MICB reduced sMICB, downregulated mMICB, maintained activation of NKG2D Low T cells, and inhibited activation of NKG2D High T cells. To maintain mMICB expression and reduce sMICB expression, we inhibited ADAM, a metalloproteinase that sheds MICB. Subsequently, the shedding of MICB was prevented by ADAM17 inhibitors, and the activation of NKG2D Low T cells was maintained. These results elucidate the mechanism of immune escape via sMICB and show promising potential for the activation of NKG2D Low T cells within the tumor microenvironment.
Preparation of the copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylamide grafted onto polyethylene and its complexation with samarium ion. (1986)

アクリル酸, アクリルアミドをポリエチレン粉末に前照射グラフト重合し, 共グラフト樹脂を合成した. この樹脂は, アクリル酸グラフト樹脂に比べ, サマリウムイオンと大きな錯安定度定数で錯形成し, 例えば銅イオンが共存する水溶液からサマリウムイオンを効率よく分離した. また樹脂へのγ線照射後も, イオン吸着能はほとんど低下しなかった.
Modification of polymer surfaces and the fabrication of submicron-scale functionalized structures by deep-ultraviolet and electron-beam lithography (1993)

A general technique to modify polymer surfaces using N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) functionalized perfluorophenyl azides (PFPAs) is presented. Thin polystyrene films are spin-coated with a solution containing the NHS PFPA ester and are either ultraviolet (UV) photolyzed with a dosage of 10 mJ cm−2 or exposed with a 15 kV electron beam with a dosage between 1 and 75 μC cm−2. The NHS active ester groups become covalently attached to the polymer via photogenerated or electron beam generated, highly reactive nitrene intermediates derived from the PFPA. Using this technique, it is demonstrated that well-defined surface regions can be functionalized with a minimum observable feature size of 0.5 and 0.2 μm for UV and electron-beam exposure, respectively. Through reaction of the functionalized surfaces with primary amine-containing reagents, biological molecules have been installed on the polymer and the activity of an immobilized enzyme has been measured.