gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infants’ discrimination of spectral slope (1999)

Spectral slope is a global property of the spectral envelope representing the change in energy across spectral frequency. Spectral slope is a dimension for discriminating speech, voices and musical instrument timbres. The average spectral slope of speech and music is about −6 dB/octave. If spectral slope is important in timbre perception, enhanced sensitivity for spectral slopes around −6 dB/octave would be expected, and poor discrimination would be expected for spectral slopes very different from this value. Eight-month-old infants were tested across a range of spectral slopes (−16 to +16 dB/octave) to determine whether infants’ slope discrimination is best near −6 dB/octave. The stimuli were generated according to the following equation: dBi=b&amp;lt;th&amp;gt;log2&amp;lt;th&amp;gt;i, where i is the harmonic number, b is the spectral slope value, and dBi is the relative amplitude of harmonic i. The results show that infants were only sensitive to differences in spectral slope in a limited range between −10 and −4 dB/octave, despite the fact that local intensity cues were smallest in this range. This suggests that infants are using spectral slope as a dimension for discriminating timbre and that the auditory system is tuned to sounds with real-world spectral slopes. [Research supported by NSERC.]
Distributed Feedback Laser Using Buried Dielectric Grating (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Effective Generation of Triplet States and Singlet Oxygen by Sulfur-Containing Squaraines: Experimental and Theoretical Study (2010)

Efficiency of singlet oxygen generation is investigated for a series of new sulfur-containing squaraines molecules. Experimental results, in agreement with quantum calculations, show both large triplet quantum yield and quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation.
Predictors of chronotropic incompetence in the pacemaker patient population (2005)

Aims We prospectively evaluated results from cardiopulmonary exercise testing for chronotropic incompetence (CI) in a cohort of 292 pacemaker patients. In addition, we evaluated comorbidity and antiarrhythmic patient data as indicators of CI. Methods and results On the basis of exercise stress testing and application of the definition of CI by Wilkoff, 51% of our cohort was categorized as having CI. Indications for pacemaker implant for this patient group were 42% atrioventricular block, 56% sinus node disease, and 59% atrial fibrillation. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) and exercise duration were significantly reduced among CI pacemaker patients, whereas oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold remained unchanged. The following clinical characteristics were significant predictors of CI: existence of coronary artery disease ( P =0.038), presence of an acquired valvular heart disease ( P =0.037), and former cardiac surgery ( P =0.041). Age, gender, arterial hypertension, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, left ventricular ejection fraction, and time period between stress-exercise examination and pacemaker implantation were not significant predictors of CI. Chronic antiarrhythmic therapy with digitalis ( P =0.013), beta blockers ( P =0.036), and amiodarone ( P =0.045) were significant predictors of CI. In contrast, medication with class I and IV antiarrhythmics had no significant correlation with CI. Conclusion We found the following characteristics predictive of CI in this pacemaker patient population: VO 2 max, existence of coronary artery disease or acquired valvular heart disease, previous cardiac surgery, as well as medication with digitalis, beta blockers, and amiodarone.
MIGRATION IN SUPPORTED ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS WITH FREE CONVECTION. (1971)

and electrophoresis are classified as rate, or equilibrium, and the known and unknown elements of several examined. A simplified Stokes-type treatment is sufficient for semiquantitative description of individual cell sedimentation under 1 g, including calculation of resolution and separation time. A kind of experimental cell behavior called bombing'' is discussed in terms of weak intercellular interaction. Analysis of STAFLO-electrophoresis and STAFLO-sedimentation-electrophoresis in terms of flow, heat production, and other parameters, indicates the basis for preparative cell fractionation, with steady-state times generally of from 2 to 60 minutes. An immediate possibility from such studies is the characterization of cells in mixtures according to sedimentation and electrophoretic mobilities; these latter must eventually be more unequivocally related to cell density'', size'', surface charge and other physical properties. Such relations require more detailed knowledge of cell and solution theory and perhaps better definitions of these properties when applied to cells. As an analytical example of instantaneous determination of a time-dependent transport property, an electrophoretic mobility of a dye is estimated from the slope of a steadystate STAFLO-electrophoresis, migration pattern. (auth)
Applying the physically complete EMI models to the ESTCP Camp Sibert Pilot Study EM-63 data (2009)

Recently the SERDP/ESTCP office under the UXO Discrimination Pilot Study Program acquired high-density data over hundreds of targets using time-domain EM-63 sensor at Camp Sibert. The data were inverted and analyzed by various research groups using a simple dipole model approach and different classification tools. The studies demonstrated high discrimination probability with a low false-alarm rate. However in order to further improve discrimination between UXO and non-UXO items a better understanding is needed of the limits of current and emerging processing approaches. In this paper, the simple dipole model and a physically complete model called the normalized surface magnetic source (NSMS) the Camp Sibert data sets. The simple, infinitesimal dipole representation is by far the most widely employed model for UXO modeling. In this model, one approximates a target's response when excited by a primary (transmitted) field using an induced infinitesimal dipole (in turn described by a single magnetic polarizability matrix). The greatest advantage of the dipole model is that it is simple and imposes low computation costs. However, researchers have recently begun to realize the limitations of the simple dipole model as an inherently coarse description of the EMI behavior of complex, heterogeneous targets like UXO. To address these limitations, here the NSMS is employed as a more powerful forward model for data inversion and object discrimination. This method is extremely fast and equally applicable to the time or frequency domains. The object's location and orientation are estimated by using a standard nonlinear inversion-scattering approach. The discrimination performance between the dipole and NSMS models are conducted by investigating model fidelity and data density issues, positional accuracy and geological noise effects.
CO2 Binding by Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry: An Environmental Selection (2010)

We now report that a dynamic combinatorial selection approach can quantitatively provide, from trivial building blocks, an architecturally complex organic material, in which carbon dioxide is reversibly but covalently incorporated as a guest with a mass content of 20%. Solid-state analyses combined with covalent disconnection and quantization of the liberated components allowed identification of a three-component monomeric unit repeated within a range of assembled oligomeric adducts whose repartition and binding capacity can be finely tuned through the starting stoichiometries. The self-assembly of these architectures occurs through the simultaneous creation of more than 25 covalent bonds per molecular entity. It appears that the thermodynamic selection is directed by the packing efficiency of these adducts, explaining the spectacular building block discrimination between homologues differing by one carbon unit. This selectivity, combined with the reversible nature of the system, provided pure molecular building blocks after a simple chemical disconnection, promoting CO(2) as a green auxiliary to purify polyaldehyde or polyamine from mixtures of homologous structures. Moreover, the gas template could be expelled as a pure compound under thermodynamic control. This cooperative desorption process yielded back the initial libraries of high molecular diversity with a promising reduction of the energetic costs of capture and recycling.
Human Innate Mycobacterium tuberculosis–Reactive αβTCR+ Thymocytes (2008)

The control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is heavily dependent on the adaptive Th1 cellular immune response. Paradoxically, optimal priming of the Th1 response requires activation of priming dendritic cells with Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma. At present, the innate cellular mechanisms required for the generation of an optimal Th1 T cell response remain poorly characterized. We hypothesized that innate Mtb-reactive T cells provide an early source of IFN-gamma to fully activate Mtb-exposed dendritic cells. Here, we report the identification of a novel population of Mtb-reactive CD4(-) alphabetaTCR(+) innate thymocytes. These cells are present at high frequencies, respond to Mtb-infected cells by producing IFN-gamma directly ex vivo, and display characteristics of effector memory T cells. This novel innate population of Mtb-reactive T cells will drive further investigation into the role of these cells in the containment of Mtb following infectious exposure. Furthermore, this is the first demonstration of a human innate pathogen-specific alphabetaTCR(+) T cell and is likely to inspire further investigation into innate T cells recognizing other important human pathogens.
Heterogeneity in the stereochemistry of mycolactones isolated from M. marinum: toxins produced by fresh vs. saltwater fish pathogens (2009)

A novel mycolactone has been identified from Mycobacterium marinum infecting freshwater fish.
Fair Exchange of Signatures with Multiple Signers (2007)

Chen et al. introduced a new notion of a concurrent signature scheme for a fair exchange of signatures with two parties. Chen et al. also proposed a concrete scheme and proved its security under the assumption of discrete logarithm problem. Recently, Hiwatari and Tanaka extended the concept of concurrent signature to many-to-one setting. Hiwatari and Tanaka also proposed a concrete scheme; however, it requires some strong assumption to achieve the fair exchange and it is not efficient. This paper gives another construction of concurrent signature for many-to-one setting with multisignature scheme. Hereafter, we call it (n,1) concurrent signature scheme. The proposed scheme is more efficient than the scheme of Hiwatari and Tanaka in computation complexity and signature size, and achieves the fair exchange without the assumption required for the scheme of Hiwatari and Tanaka. This paper also gives a construction for the fair exchange of signatures in many-to-many setting, called (n,m) concurrent signature scheme, in appendix.
Aggregation of heavy-tailed on-off flows is multifractal (2003)

We show that the aggregation of heavy-tailed on-off flows can exhibit multifractality in nature in addition to the well-known long-range dependency. Justifications are provided through analyzing the power density spectrum of a single on-off flow, calculating the multifractal spectrum of aggregated flows, and measuring the distributions of the increment process. Effects of the on and the off period on the multifractal behavior are examined. With a new understanding of the on-off model taking into account the TCP window-based control mechanism, possible roles of the TCP window size and the RTT in producing multifractal traffic are suggested.
Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis induces differentiation and reduces tumor burden in childhood neuroblastoma (2021)

Many metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism, are rewired in tumors to support energy and biomass production and to allow adaptation to stressful environments. Neuroblastoma is the second deadliest solid tumor in children. Genetic aberrations, as the amplification of the MYCN-oncogene, correlate strongly with disease progression. Yet, there are only a few molecular targets successfully exploited in the clinic. Here we show that inhibition of fatty acid synthesis led to increased neural differentiation and reduced tumor burden in neuroblastoma xenograft experiments independently of MYCN-status. This was accompanied by reduced levels of the MYCN or c-MYC oncoproteins and activation of ERK signaling. Importantly, the expression levels of genes involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis showed prognostic value for neuroblastoma patients. Our findings demonstrate that inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis is a promising pharmacological intervention strategy for the treatment of neuroblastoma independently of MYCN-status.
Highly trabeculated structure of the human endocardium underlies asymmetrical response to low-energy monophasic shocks (2017)

Novel low-energy defibrillation therapies are thought to be driven by virtual-electrodes (VEs), due to the interaction of applied monophasic electric shocks with fine-scale anatomical structures within the heart. Significant inter-species differences in the cardiac (micro)-anatomy exist, however, particularly with respect to the degree of endocardial trabeculations, which may underlie important differences in response to low-energy defibrillation protocols. Understanding the interaction of monophasic electric fields with the specific human micro-anatomy is therefore imperative in facilitating the translation and optimisation of these promising experimental therapies to the clinic. In this study, we sought to investigate how electric fields from implanted devices interact with the highly trabeculated human endocardial surface to better understand shock success in order to help optimise future clinical protocols. A bi-ventricular human computational model was constructed from high resolution (350 μm) ex-vivo MR data, including anatomically accurate endocardial structures. Monophasic shocks were applied between a basal right ventricular catheter and an exterior ground. Shocks of varying strengths were applied with both anodal [positive right ventricle (RV) electrode] and cathodal (negative RV electrode) polarities at different states of tissue refractoriness and during induced arrhythmias. Anodal shocks induced isolated positive VEs at the distal side of "detached" trabeculations, which rapidly spread into hyperpolarised tissue on the surrounding endocardial surfaces following the shock. Anodal shocks thus depolarised more tissue 10 ms after the shock than cathodal shocks where the propagation of activation from VEs induced on the proximal side of "detached" trabeculations was prevented due to refractory endocardium. Anodal shocks increased arrhythmia complexity more than cathodal shocks during failed anti-arrhythmia shocks. In conclusion, multiple detached trabeculations in the human ventricle interact with anodal stimuli to induce multiple secondary sources from VEs, facilitating more rapid shock-induced ventricular excitation compared to cathodal shocks. Such a mechanism may help explain inter-species differences in response to shocks and help to develop novel defibrillation strategies.
Bioinspired catalysis at the crossroads between biology and chemistry: A remarkable example of an electrocatalytic material mimicking hydrogenases (2011)

International audience
Dorsolateral subthalamic neuronal activity enhanced by median nerve stimulation characterizes Parkinson’s disease during deep brain stimulation with general anesthesia (2015)

Neuronal firing within the STN could be accurately identified and differentiated when patients with PD received general anesthetics. Median nerve stimulation can enhance the neural activity in beta-band oscillations, which can be used as an index to ensure optimal electrode placement via successfully tracked dorsolateral STN topography.
High Aspect Ratio Nanotubes Assembled from Macrocyclic Iminium Salts (2018)

&lt;p&gt;One-dimensional nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes rely on strong and directional interactions that stabilize their high aspect ratio shapes from fracture. This requirement has precluded making isolated, long, thin organic nanotubes by stacking molecular macrocycles, as their noncovalent stacking interactions are generally too weak. Here we report high aspect ratio (&gt;10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;), lyotropic nanotubes of stacked, macrocyclic, iminium salts, which are formed by protonation of the corresponding imine-linked macrocycles. Iminium ion formation establishes cohesive interactions that are two orders-of-magnitude stronger than the neutral macrocycles, as estimated by molecular dynamics simulations. Nanotube formation stabilizes the iminium ions, which otherwise rapidly hydrolyze, and is reversed and restored upon addition of bases and acids. Acids generated by irradiating a photoacid generator or sonicating chlorinated solvents also induced nanotube assembly, allowing these nanostructures to be coupled to diverse stimuli, and, once assembled, they can be fixed permanently by crosslinking their pendant alkenes. As the largest, and the first macrocyclic chromonic liquid crystals, macrocyclic iminium salts are easily accessible through a modular design and provide a means to rationally synthesize structures that mimic the morphology and rheology of carbon nanotubes and biological tubules.&lt;/p&gt;
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Ligands as Novel Therapeutic Agents (2008)

Metabotropic glutamate receptors comprise a diverse family of G protein-coupled receptors that are critical for regulating normal neuronal function in the central nervous system (CNS). The heterogeneous distribution and diverse physiologic roles of the various mGluR subtypes make them highly attractive targets for the treatment of a number of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. The discovery of subtype-selective ligands for these receptors has provided the tools to support a number of preclinical studies, suggesting the tremendous therapeutic potential that lies in the ability selectively to modulate a specific mGluR subtype. In the last few years, a major milestone in the field was achieved with the first selective mGluR ligands entering into clinical development and demonstrating efficacy in the treatment of anxiety disorders. In addition to the discovery of selective, direct-acting mGluR ligands, a novel class of mGluR-selective ligands has recently emerged. These allosteric modulators, which act through nontraditional binding sites on the mGluRs, may exhibit even greater subtype selectivity than orthosteric ligands. Furthermore, because they modulate mGluRs in an activity-dependent manner, it is possible that allosteric activators of mGluRs will be less likely to induce adverse effects or promote receptor desensitization. This chapter summarizes the critical studies that have contributed to the validation of mGluRs as therapeutic targets for the treatment of a number of CNS disorders and describes progress thus far in identifying and developing novel mGluR subtype-selective compounds.
Automated real-time video surveillance algorithms for SoC implementation: A survey (2013)

Numerous techniques and algorithms have been developed and implemented, primarily in software, for object tracking, detection and recognition. A few attempts have been made to implement some of the algorithms in hardware. However, those attempts have not yielded optimal results in terms of accuracy, power and memory requirements. The aim of this paper is to explore and investigate a number of possible algorithms for real-time video surveillance, revealing their various theories, relationships, shortcomings, advantages and disadvantages, and pointing out their unsolved problems of practical interest in principled way, which would be of tremendous value to engineers and researchers trying to decide what algorithm among those many in literature is most suitable to specific application and the particular real-time System-on-Chip (SoC) implementation.
Comparing Realtime Energy-Optimizing Controllers for Heat Pumps (2018)

As the vapor compression machine has become more sophisticated (for example, through the adoption of variable speed compressor technology, electronic expansion valves and variable speed fans), the opportunities to improve efficiency are increasingly realized through the control algorithms that operate machine actuators. However, designing control algorithms that minimize energy consumption is not straightforward: the heat load disturbances to be rejected are not measured, the governing dynamics are nonlinear and interactive, and the machine exhibits strong coupling between the multivariate inputs and outputs. Further, many heat pumps must also operate in cooling mode, forcing compromises in sensor locations and actuator selection. This paper compares two controllers for realtime (online) energy optimization of heat pumps. The first energy-optimizing controller is model-based. A custom multi-physical model of the dynamics of a heat pump is developed in the Modelica modeling language and used to obtain the relationship between control inputs and power consumption as a function of the operating conditions. The gradient of this relationship is computed symbolically and used to derive a gradient descent control law that is shown to drive actuator inputs such that the system power consumption is minimized. To address the concern of modeling error on optimization performance, the controller based on a model of a heat pump will be tested on a physical system in an experimental setting for the submitted paper. We expect the convergence rate to be exponential, and will quantify the sensitivity between modeling errors and the non-optimality of the stabilized system. The second approach is model-free and based on the authors' time-varying (TV) and proportional-integral (PI) extremum seeking control (ESC) algorithms. Briefly, extremum seeking controllers use an estimate of the gradient between a plant's manipulated inputs and an objective signal (i.e., power consumption) to steer the system toward an optimum operating point, under the assumption that this relationship is convex. Whereas traditional ESC methods exhibit slow and non-robust convergence, our TV-ESC and PI-ESC methods have demonstrated higher performance due to the estimation routine that tracks the gradient as a time-varying parameter. We expect this algorithm to converge faster than transitional perturbation-based ESC methods (as we have previously demonstrated), but perhaps slower than the model-based approach. However, we expect this controller to converge to a neighborhood around the true optimum since modeling errors are not applicable in this model-free algorithm. The final paper will compare convergence properties of these two methods through experiments obtained on a commercial four-zone heat pump installed in calorimetric-style testing chambers, and the resultant coefficients-of-performance (COPs) will be measured.
Microtubule Formation Using Two-Component Gel System (2007)

We report a two-component gel system in which an amphiphile group and aromatic cores act as organic gelators by the process of self-assembly. The shape and size of the aromatic cores have a pronounced effect on the gel properties and on structures such as fibers and microtubules.