gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Any Questions? Automatic Question Detection in Meetings (2010)

Abstract—In this paper, we describe our efforts toward the automatic detection of English questions in meetings. We analyze the utility of various features for this task, originating from three distinct classes: lexico-syntactic, turn-related, and pitchrelated. Of particular interest is the use of parse tree information in classification, an approach as yet unexplored. Results from experiments on the ICSI MRDA Corpus demonstrate that lexicosyntactic features are most useful for this task, with turn- and pitch-related features providing complementary information in combination. In addition, experiments using reference parse trees on the Broadcast Conversation portion of the OntoNotes release 2.9 data set illustrate the potential of parse trees to outperform word lexical features. I.
Biomechanics of a posture-controlling cervical artificial disc: mechanical, in vitro, and finite-element analysis (2010)

Different methods have been described by numerous investigators for experimentally assessing the kinematics of cervical artificial discs. However, in addition to understanding how artificial discs affect range of motion, it is also clinically relevant to understand how artificial discs affect segmental posture. The purpose of this paper is to describe novel considerations and methods for experimentally assessing cervical spine postural control in the laboratory. These methods, which include mechanical testing, cadaveric testing, and computer modeling studies, are applied in comparing postural biomechanics of a novel postural control arthroplasty (PCA) device versus standard ball-and-socket (BS) and ball-in-trough (BT) arthroplasty devices. The overall body of evidence from this group of tests supports the conclusion that the PCA device does control posture to a particular lordotic position, whereas BS and BT devices move freely through their ranges of motion.
Process evaluation of pyramidal and cone-shaped nanoparticle deposition (NPD) bumps using a thermally resistant resist (2018)

In this paper, an i-line resist with possible high thermal stability is evaluated to ascertain the effect of temperature on the resist profile during the nanoparticle deposition process. Apart from cone-shaped bumps, pyramid bumps were also evaluated in terms of the exposure parameters and the bump profile formed after the NPD process. Using the i-line resist, 5 μm and 7 μm bumps were realized in a single nanoparticle deposition process, with an aspect ratio of 1.2.
Quantum-well effect in magnetic tunnel junctions with ultrathin single-crystal Fe(100) electrodes (2001)

We studied the tunnel spectra of magnetic tunnel junctions with a single-crystal ultrathin Fe(100) electrode. The tunnel spectra show oscillations of the differential conductivity and the differential tunnel magnetoresistance. The positions of the maxima of the oscillations move systematically with the change in the Fe(100) electrode’s thickness, indicating that the oscillations originate from the quantum-well states in the ultrathin Fe(100) electrode. This effect provides us with an opportunity to create voltage-controlled spin functional devices.
Sentinel Node Dissection Is Safe in the Treatment of Early-Stage Vulvar Cancer (2008)

In early-stage vulvar cancer patients with a negative sentinel node, the groin recurrence rate is low, survival is excellent, and treatment-related morbidity is minimal. We suggest that sentinel node dissection, performed by a quality-controlled multidisciplinary team, should be part of the standard treatment in selected patients with early-stage vulvar cancer.
Rapid Isolation of Mitochondrial DNA-Depleted Mammalian Cells by Ethidium Bromide and Dideoxycytidine Treatments (2014)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-depleted () cells are often used as mtDNA recipients to study the interaction between the nucleus and mitochondria in mammalian cells. Therefore, it is crucial to obtain mtDNA-depleted cells with many different nuclear backgrounds for the study. Here, we demonstrate a rapid and reliable method to isolate mammalian mtDNA-depleted cells involving treatment with the antimitochondrial agents ethidium bromide (EtBr) and 2`,3`-dideoxycytidine (ddC). After a short exposure to EtBr or ddC, followed by rapid clonal isolation, we were able to generate viable mtDNA-depleted cells from mouse and human cells and were able to successfully repopulate them with exogenous mitochondria from platelets isolated from mouse and human blood samples. These mtDNA-depleted cells can be used to characterize the nuclear mitochondrial interactions and to study mtDNA-associated defects in mammalian cells. Our method of isolating mtDNA-depleted cells is practical and applicable to a variety of cell types.
Inertial Spinner Swarm Experiments: Spin Pumping, Entropy Oscillations and Spin Frustration (2023)

We present here an inertial active spinning swarm consisting of mixtures of opposite handedness torque driven spinners floating on an air bed with low damping. Depending on the relative spin sign, spinners can act as their own anti-particles and annihilate their spins. Rotational energy can become highly focused, with minority fraction spinners pumped to very high levels of spin angular momentum. Spinner handedness also matters at high spinner densities but not low densities: oscillations in the mixing spatial entropy of spinners over time emerge if there is a net spin imbalance from collective rotations. Geometrically confined spinners can lock themselves into frustrated spin states.
Modal Decoupled Dynamics-Velocity Feed-Forward Motion Control of Multi-DOF Robotic Spine Brace (2018)

Based on the parallel robotic manipulator, this paper proposes a motion control strategy for the novel robotic spine brace for spinal rehabilitation exercises. However, several shortcomings of this parallel robotic manipulator, such as dynamic coupling in joint space, low response frequency in roll and pitch directions, and bad influence of device's gravity, result in bad effects on the performance of the robotic spine brace system. For solving these problems of parallel robotic manipulator, a new motion control structure, modal space dynamics-velocity feed-forward (MSDF) motion control strategy, is designed in this paper. A robotic spine brace system model and an actuator dynamic model are expressed using the Kane method. Stability of the robotic system with the MSDF control method is analyzed. For evaluating the performances of the proposed motion control structure, an experimental parallel robotic manipulator is built. Experimental results reveal that the presented MSDF motion control strategy can eliminate those disadvantages efficiently.
Characterization of native fungi responsible for degrading crude oil from the coastal area of Yanbu, Saudi Arabia (2016)

A total of 15 fungal isolates were obtained from oil-contaminated sites near the Red Sea in the Yanbu region. Based on the preliminary DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) assay, three isolates showed promising oil degrading ability. The next-generation sequencing of the ITS-I and ITS-II internal transcribed spacer regions assigned the isolates to Aspergillus and Penicillium. Among these three strains, Y2 (Aspergillus oryzae) was the most efficient, degrading about 99% of the crude oil. The degradation rates were corroborated using spectrophotometric and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses after two weeks of cultivation in Bushnell–Haas medium. All the three strains proved to be potent oil-degrading strains and, hence, can be utilized to degrade oil contaminants.
Towards fully collaborative MIMO communication in cellular networks (2010)

In this work, we envision a fully collaborative network paradigm in which both the evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and the User Equipment (UE)s collaborate between themselves to achieve the full benefits of MIMO communication. One of the major building blocks in deploying fully collaborative networks is achieving efficient UE-UE collaboration. We study various UE-UE collaboration scenarios in the context of MIMO communications and evaluate them using an enterprise grade simulator. The results show significant improvements in the UE throughputs in a realistic cellular network. The studied UE-UE collaboration schemes are also applicable to similar collaborative relationships between UEs and other elements (e.g., relay stations) of a cellular network.
Using Hierarchical Self-Assembly To Form Three-Dimensional Lattices of Spheres (2002)

This paper describes an approach to the fabrication of three-dimensional (3-D) structures of millimeter-scale spherical beads having a range of lattices-tetragonal, cubic, and hexagonal-using hierarchical self-assembly. The process has five steps: (i) metal-coated beads are packed in a rod-shaped cavity in an elastomeric polymer (poly(dimethylsiloxane), PDMS); (ii) the beads are embedded in a second polymer (PDMS or polyurethane, PU) using a procedure that leaves the parts of the beads in contact with the PDMS exposed; (iii) the exposed areas of the beads are coated with a solder having a low melting point; (iv) the polymer rods-with embedded beads and exposed solder drops-are suspended in an approximately isodense medium (an aqueous solution of KBr) and allowed to self-assemble by capillary interactions between the drops of molten solder; and (v) the assembly is finished by several procedures, including removing the beads from the polymer matrix by dissolution, filling the voids left with another material, and dissolving the matrix. The confinement of the beads in regular structures in polymer rods makes it possible to generate self-assembled structures with a variety of 3-D lattices; the type of the lattice formed can be controlled by varying the size of the beads, and the size and shape of the cross-section of the rods.
Investigation of Delamination-Induced Performance Decay at the Cathode/LLZO Interface (2021)

The growing interest in solid-state batteries has resulted in increased focus on the issue of delamination at the cathode/solid-state electrolyte (SSE) interface. The extent of delamination, and its impact on impedance rise and capacity fade, is determined by a number of material properties, including cathode molar volume change and state-of-charge dependence, mechanical properties of the cathode and SSE, SSE grain boundary microstructure, fracture threshold of the interface, and interfacial exchange current density. The goal of this paper is to develop multiscale mathematical models to link these material properties to performance and provide guidance on possible approaches to minimize delamination, impedance rise, and capacity fade. We examine two cathodes, namely, LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 with a positive molar volume change and LiCoO2 with a negative molar volume change against a Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) SSE. Density functional theory (DFT) is used to determine fundamental material properties at the interface, while mesoscale models are used to link these properties to macroscopic performance. Model results suggest that SSEs with smaller grains and low Young's modulus and cathodes with low molar volume changes provide opportunities for minimizing delamination.
Abstract P6-05-01: Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein transmembrane protein 33 (TMEM33) induces apoptosis via UPR signaling and autophagy in breast cancer cells (2015)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer type in women, with expected incidence of around 232,670 new cases in the US alone each year. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (EnR stress) and the related unfolded protein response (UPR) are activated in breast cancer cells to promote cell survival and endocrine resistance. TMEM33 is a novel transmembrane protein that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (EnR) and has been shown to activate two of the UPR branches (PERK; IRE1α). However, the cellular functions and underlying mechanism of this EnR resident protein remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that overexpression of TMEM33 induces robust cell death in breast cancer cells. TMEM33 overexpression strongly activates the pro-death JNK-p53 pathway, possibly through the activation of IRE1α. We also observe a significant inhibition of the downstream survivin (also called BIRC5), which is known to inhibit cell death by binding to caspases and blocking their activation. We further show that either the blockage of JNK activation with a small molecule inhibitor, or the overexpression of survivin, protects cells against TMEM33-induced apoptosis. In addition, we demonstrate that TMEM33 overexpression induces autophagy in breast cancer cells (changes in LC3 and p62 expression). Inhibition of autophagy with either the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, or by knockdown of the autophagy gene Atg5, further sensitizes breast cancer cells to TMEM33 overexpression. Conversely, cell death induced by TMEM33 is decreased by overexpression of the autophagy gene Beclin 1. The findings in this study demonstrate that the novel EnR resident protein TMEM33 induces cell death by activating the IRE1α-JNK-p53-survivin pathway in breast cancer cells. Paradoxically, autophagy is also activated by TMEM33 but the prosurvival action is generally not sufficient to block all of the cell death signaling. Citation Format: Rong Hu, Xiyuan Zhang, Leena Hilakivi-Clarke, Usha Kasid, Robert Clarke. Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein transmembrane protein 33 (TMEM33) induces apoptosis via UPR signaling and autophagy in breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-05-01.
Association studies of the CT repeat polymorphism in the 5′ upstream region of the cholecystokinin B receptor gene with panic disorder and schizophrenia in Japanese subjects (2001)

The tetrapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK), CCK-4, is known to induce panic attacks in human subjects, while CCK-8 is reported to have a therapeutic effect on schizophrenia symptoms. Recently, we have identified a novel microsatellite polymorphism in the 5' upstream region of the CCK gene and shown a significant association between this polymorphism and panic disorder. In this study, we have investigated the CCK-B receptor (CCKBR) gene, which is the main constituent of the CCK receptor in the CNS. Recently, a dinucleotide repeat, (CT)(n), in the 5' regulatory region of the CCKBR gene was reported to be associated with panic disorder in Canadian samples. To evaluate an association of the CT repeat with panic disorder and schizophrenia, we genotyped 71 subjects with panic disorder, 154 schizophrenics and 199 controls. However, no evidence of allelic association was found between the polymorphic repeat of the CCKBR gene and either panic disorder or schizophrenia (P = 0.186 and 0.987, respectively). Together with the negative reports on association analyses using other polymorphisms of the CCKBR gene and Japanese samples, the present results exclude a major genetic contribution of the CCKBR gene to susceptibilities to panic disorder and schizophrenia in Japanese cohorts.
Attenuation of High Amplitude Vibrations With Particle Dampers (2002)

Fluid transport systems are rarely at steady state. Transient phenomena, such as water hammer, can inflict severe physical damage. Repair costs can soar into the millions of dollars (Myers, 1997), and can reduce or even halt operation. Such high amplitude vibrations may be attenuated with particle dampers, which are beds of small particles placed in an attached enclosure or contained void. Vibration of the enclosure causes the particles to collide with each other and with the enclosure walls, resulting in energy dissipation through inelastic impacts and friction. Particle dampers have many advantages over conventional viscoelastic treatments including lower cost, increased robustness, greater effectiveness at high amplitudes and the ability to operate in extreme-temperature environments. Previous papers focus on exploration of sensitivity to design parameters, modeling techniques, and effective applications. However, there still remains much that is unknown about the phenomena and design of particle dampers. In this paper, experiments were performed to explore the effects of friction, excitation amplitude, and particle gap size. The formation of an oily residue on the colliding surfaces when certain materials were used increased friction and reduced damper effectiveness. This agrees with the theoretical prediction made by Mansour and Filho (1974). Damping was found to peak at an optimum gap size. Increasing the excitation amplitude resulted in higher damping and reduced sensitivity to the optimum gap size. Overall, the particle damper was deemed to be successful, increasing the loss factor of a clamped beam by over 10 times with a damper/structure mass ratio of only 0.016.
Metabolic engineering of carbon and redox flow in the production of small organic acids (2014)

The review describes efforts toward metabolic engineering of production of organic acids. One aspect of the strategy involves the generation of an appropriate amount and type of reduced cofactor needed for the designed pathway. The ability to capture reducing power in the proper form, NADH or NADPH for the biosynthetic reactions leading to the organic acid, requires specific attention in designing the host and also depends on the feedstock used and cell energetic requirements for efficient metabolism during production. Recent work on the formation and commercial uses of a number of small mono- and diacids is discussed with redox differences, major biosynthetic precursors and engineering strategies outlined. Specific attention is given to those acids that are used in balancing cell redox or providing reduction equivalents for the cell, such as formate, which can be used in conjunction with metabolic engineering of other products to improve yields. Since a number of widely studied acids derived from oxaloacetate as an important precursor, several of these acids are covered with the general strategies and particular components summarized, including succinate, fumarate and malate. Since malate and fumarate are less reduced than succinate, the availability of reduction equivalents and level of aerobiosis are important parameters in optimizing production of these compounds in various hosts. Several other more oxidized acids are also discussed as in some cases, they may be desired products or their formation is minimized to afford higher yields of more reduced products. The placement and connections among acids in the typical central metabolic network are presented along with the use of a number of specific non-native enzymes to enhance routes to high production, where available alternative pathways and strategies are discussed. While many organic acids are derived from a few precursors within central metabolism, each organic acid has its own special requirements for high production and best compatibility with host physiology.
Small-molecule XIAP antagonist restores caspase-9–mediated apoptosis in XIAP-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells (2007)

Clinical outcome in patients with primary nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) is correlated with expression of inhibitors of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, including X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). XIAP suppresses apoptosis through inhibiting active caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9. In this study, we investigated to see if the small-molecule XIAP antagonist 1396-12 induces cell death in cultured lymphoma cells of patients with DLBCL. Treatment with this XIAP antagonist resulted in relief of caspase-3 inhibition and in induction of apoptosis in 16 of 20 tested DLBCL samples. Sensitivity to the XIAP antagonist was observed in both chemotherapy-refractory and -responsive DLBCL, but did not affect peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tonsil germinal-center B cells from healthy donors. XIAP antagonist-sensitive samples were characterized by high expression levels of XIAP, relatively low expression levels of Bcl-2, and by constitutive caspase-9 activation. These data indicate that the small-molecule XIAP antagonist can induce apoptosis in cultured DLBCL cells and therefore should be considered for possible development as a therapy for these patients. In vitro sensitivity to the XIAP antagonist can be predicted based on biological markers, suggesting the possibility of predefining patients most likely to benefit from XIAP antagonist therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Masked Aminopyrazolecarboxylic Acid Synthons. (1989)

Abstract Oxidation of 3,5‐dimethylpyrazole (I) yields the dicarboxylic acid (II), which is methylated, forming the diester (IV).
Endothelial progenitor cells are depleted in older adults with cognitive impairment and white matter volume loss (2020)

Abstract Background Depletion of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has been linked to vascular disease and both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. EPCs have been shown to support oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation in the oligovascular niche, suggesting a potential role in protecting white matter (WM) integrity. We studied the relationship between in vitro EPC proliferation and both WM volume and cognitive function. Method Sixty‐three community dwelling older adults (M age = 70.94; SD age = 7.39), free of dementia or clinical stroke, underwent venipuncture, neuropsychological testing, and brain MRI. Blood leukocyte fractions were cultured over one week in colony forming unit (CFU)‐Hill media to produce EPCs. On the 5th day, colonies were counted. Cognitive function was measured by a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale. WM volumes were measured by Region‐of‐interest (ROI) analysis on T1‐MPRAGE scans using FreeSurfer 5.3. Univariate Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) compared CFU‐Hill counts and CDR scores, and multiple linear regression analyses determined the relationship between CFU‐Hill counts, neuropsychological tests and WM ROIs, after controlling for age, sex and education. Result CFU‐Hill counts were depleted in participants with CDR = 0.5 [ F (1, 51) = 5.84, p = 0.02]. Lower CFU‐Hill counts were associated with worse performances on tests of executive functioning [(1) Animals: F (4, 60) = 4.10, p = 0.005; ΔR 2 = 0.16; β= 0.41; ΔF = 12.51, p = 0.001; (2) Fruits and Vegetables: F (4, 60) = 4.00, p = 0.006; β=0.36; ΔR 2 = 0.12; ΔF = 7.54, p = 0.009; (3) Trails B: F (4, 44)=9.43; p &lt;0.001; β= 0.24; ΔR 2 = 0.057; ΔF = 4.69, p = 0.036]. Posterior corpus callosum volume positively predicted CFU‐Hill counts [ F (5, 42)=2.62; p =0.038; β= 0.41; ΔR 2 = 0.14; ΔF = 7.69, p = 0.008]. Conclusion Findings suggest EPCs may be linked to impaired cognition and WM volume loss in older adults, potentially implicating EPCs in protecting against vascular‐related WM injury and resulting executive dysfunction. Further studies of EPCs, WM integrity, and executive dysfunction are warranted to evaluate a potential protective role for EPCs in cerebrovascular disease with implications for dementia risk assessment and prevention.