gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Micro- and Nanoscale Fe+3–Containing (Hematite) Particles for Their Toxicological Properties in Human Lung Cells In Vitro (2012)

The specific properties of nanoscale particles, large surface-to-mass ratios and highly reactive surfaces, have increased their commercial application in many fields. However, the same properties are also important for the interaction and bioaccumulation of the nonbiodegradable nanoscale particles in a biological system and are a cause for concern. Hematite (α-Fe₂O₃), being a mineral form of Fe(III) oxide, is one of the most used iron oxides besides magnetite. The aim of our study was the characterization and comparison of biophysical reactivity and toxicological effects of α-Fe₂O₃ nano- (d < 100 nm) and microscale (d < 5 μm) particles in human lung cells. Our study demonstrates that the surface reactivity of nanoscale α-Fe₂O₃ differs from that of microscale particles with respect to the state of agglomeration, radical formation potential, and cellular toxicity. The presence of proteins in culture medium and agglomeration were found to affect the catalytic properties of the hematite nano- and microscale particles. Both the nano- and microscale α-Fe₂O₃ particles were actively taken up by human lung cells in vitro, although they were not found in the nuclei and mitochondria. Significant genotoxic effects were only found at very high particle concentrations (> 50 μg/ml). The nanoscale particles were slightly more potent in causing cyto- and genotoxicity as compared with their microscale counterparts. Both types of particles induced intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species. This study underlines that α-Fe₂O₃ nanoscale particles trigger different toxicological reaction pathways than microscale particles. However, the immediate environment of the particles (biomolecules, physiological properties of medium) modulates their toxicity on the basis of agglomeration rather than their actual size.
Direct measurement of crystal surface stress (1990)

We have measured surface stresses on clean Si(111) 7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7 by comparing this surface to a reference surface on which gallium atoms are adsorbed under UHV conditions. Stresses are determined by optically measuring the macroscopic strain induced in thin samples. We find a surface stress of 2.37 eV/(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 cell) for Si(111) 7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7, and a stress in the range 0.90--1.09 eV/(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 cell) for the Si(Ga) (111) superlattice associated with one monolayer Ga coverage. Comparison with theory suggests that our technique will be a powerful tool to measure equilibrium stresses in atomically clean surfaces.
“Forward” and “backward” flow mechanisms of portal hypertension (1985)

Abstract The contribution of forward and backward flow mechanisms to the increased portal pressure observed in the rat model of portal vein stenosis was evaluated using experimental and theoretical data. The experimental data indicate that portal venous inflow, portasystemic shunting, and portal venous pressure are increased after 10 days of portal vein stenosis when compared with sham-operated controls. Furthermore, portal vascular resistance was 40% higher in portal hypertensive animals than in control animals. The elevated portal vascular resistance in the rat with portal vein stenosis was attributed to the high resistance of the portal venous collaterals. Incorporation of the experimental data into a mathematical model that simulated the changes induced by chronic portal vein stenosis allowed for fractionation of the forward and backward flow components involved in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension. Model predictions indicate that the forward and backward flow mechanisms account for 40% and 60% of the increase in portal pressure, respectively.
Intraneuronal Aggregate Formation and Cell Death after Viral Expression of Expanded Polyglutamine Tracts in the Adult Rat Brain (2000)

Expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts have been linked to a new class of human disease characterized by psychiatric/motor syndromes associated with specific patterns of neurodegeneration. We have used a direct viral approach to locally express expanded polyglutamine tracts fused to the green fluorescent protein (97Q-GFP) in the adult rat brain. We show that intrastriatal expression of 97Q-GFP causes the rapid formation of fibrillar, cytoplasmic, and ubiquitinated nuclear aggregates in neurons. 97Q-GFP expression also results in a specific temporal pattern of cell death in the striatum. Co-infection studies suggest that high level 97Q-GFP-expressing cells die during the first month, whereas low level 97Q-GFP-expressing neurons persist for up to 6 months after infection. These data indicate that cumulative expression of polyQ repeats throughout the life of the animal is not required to induce neuronal death, but rather acute overexpression of polyQ is toxic to adult neurons in vivo.
Cover Image (2021)

Nonmyelinating corneal Schwann cells ensheathing axons in the corneal stroma were visualized by the expression of green fluorescent protein under the control of the proteolipid protein 1 gene promoter in transgenic mice. This en face three-dimensional image reconstruction of z-stacks obtained by confocal microscopic imaging of whole mount corneas shows the elaborate branching of corneal axons. The nuclei of corneal epithelial cells was revealed by counter staining with a blue-colored nuclear dye. The cover image is based on the Research Article Corneal nonmyelinating Schwann cells illuminated by single-cell transcriptomics and visualized by protein biomarkers by Paola Bargagna-Mohan et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24757.
Anticonvulsant mechanisms of piperine, a piperidine alkaloid (2015)

Piperine, a natural compound isolated from the fruits of Piper, is known to modulate several neurotransmitter systems such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and GABA, all of which have been linked to the development of convulsions. Fruits of Piper species have been suggested as means for managing seizure disorders. The present study was designed to elucidate the anticonvulsant effect of piperine and its mechanisms of action using in-silico, in-vivo and in-vitro techniques.PASS software was used to determine its possible activity and mechanisms. Furthermore the latency for development of convulsions and mortality rate was recorded in different experimental mouse models of epilepsy (pentylenetetrazole, maximal electroshock, NMDA, picrotoxin, bicuculline, BAYK-8644, strychnine-induced convulsions) after administration of various doses of piperine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.). Finally, the effect of piperine on Na(+) and Ca(2+) channels were evaluated using the whole cell patch clamp techniqueOur results revealed that piperine decreased mortality in the MES-induced seizure model. Moreover, piperine (10 mg/kg) delayed the onset of tonic clonic convulsions in the pentylenetetrazole test and reduced associated mortality. Furthermore, an anticonvulsant dose of piperine also delayed the onset of tonic clonic seizures in strychnine, picrotoxin and BAY K-8644. Complete protection against mortality was observed in BAYK-8644 induced convulsions. Finally, whole cell patch clamp analysis suggested an inhibitory effect of piperine on Na(+) channels. Together, our data suggest Na(+) channel antagonist activity as a contributor to the complex anticonvulsant mechanisms of piperine.
Endocardial role in arrhythmias induced by acute ventricular stretch and the involvement of Purkinje fibres, in isolated rat hearts (2023)

Purkinje fibres (PFs) play an important role in some ventricular arrhythmias and acute ventricular stretch can evoke mechanically-induced arrhythmias. We tested whether PFs and specifically TRPM4 channels, play a role in these mechanically-induced arrhythmias. Pseudo-ECGs and left ventricular (LV) activation, measured by optical mapping, were recorded in isolated, Langendorff-perfused, rat hearts. The LV endocardial surface was irrigated with experimental agents, via an indwelling catheter. The number and period of ectopic activations was measured during LV lumen inflation via an indwelling fluid-filled balloon (100 μL added over 2 s, maintained for 38 s). Mechanically-induced arrhythmias occurred during balloon inflation: they were multifocal, maximal in the first 5 s and ceased within 20 s. Optical mapping revealed activation patterns indicating PF-mediated and ectopic focal sources. Irrigation of the LV lumen with Lugol solution (IK/I<sub>2</sub>) for 10s reduced ectopics by 93% (n = 16, P < 0.001); with ablation of endocardial PFs confirmed by histology. Five min irrigation of the LV lumen with 50 μM 9-Phenanthrol, a blocker of TRPM4 channels, reduced ectopics by 39% (n = 15, P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry confirmed that TRPM4 was more abundant in PFs than myocardium. Our results show that the endocardial surface plays an important role in these mechanically-induced ectopic activations. Ectopic activation patterns indicate a participation of PFs in these arrhythmias, with a potential involvement of TRPM4 channels, shown by the reduction of arrhythmias by 9-Phenanthrol.
NanoElectronics Roadmap for Europe: From Nanodevices and Innovative Materials to System Integration (2019)

The NEREID project ("NanoElectronics Roadmap for Europe: Identification and Dissemination") is dedicated to mapping the future of European Nanoelectronics. NEREID's objective is to develop a medium and long term roadmap for the European nanoelectronics industry, starting from the needs of applications to address societal challenges and leveraging the strengths of the European eco-system. The roadmap will also identify promising novel nanoelectronic technologies, based on the advanced concepts developed by Research Centres and Universities, as well as identification of potential bottlenecks along the innovation (value) chain. Industry applications include Energy, Automotive, Medical/Life Science, Security, loT, Mobile Convergence and Digital Manufacturing. The NEREID roadmap covers Advanced Logic and Connectivity, Functional Diversification (Smart Sensors, Smart Energy and Energy for Autonomous Systems), Beyond-CMOS, Heterogeneous Integration and System Design as well as Equipment, Materials and Manufacturing Science. This article gives an overview of the roadmap's structure and content.
Abstract 11965: Heart Rate Reduction with Ivabradine Improves Regional Contractile Function and LV Dyssynchrony in a Mouse Model of Reperfused Myocardial Infarction (2012)

Introduction: Ivabradine selectively inhibits the If channel of the sinoatrial node, slowing heart rate. Few studies have examined the effects of ivabradine on the mechanical properties of the hear...
Code international de nomenclature botanique : ce qui va bientôt changer (2012)

Le dernier Congrès botanique international qui s'est déroulé à Melbourne (Australie), en juillet 2011, a adopté plusieurs amendements du Code de nomenclature, notamment concernant la publication de nouveautés taxinomiques et leurs conditions de validité. Nous donnons ici un aperçu de ces nouvelles dispositions.
Atom Michelson Interferometer on a Chip Using a Bose-Einstein Condensate (2005)

An atom Michelson interferometer is implemented on an "atom chip." The chip uses lithographically patterned conductors and external magnetic fields to produce and guide a Bose-Einstein condensate. Splitting, reflecting, and recombining of condensate atoms are achieved by a standing-wave light field having a wave vector aligned along the atom waveguide. A differential phase shift between the two arms of the interferometer is introduced by either a magnetic-field gradient or with an initial condensate velocity. Interference contrast is still observable at 20% with an atom propagation time of 10 ms.
Exploring the Mechanisms of Selectivity for Environmentally Significant Oxo-Anion Removal during Water Treatment: A Review of Common Competing Oxo-Anions and Tools for Quantifying Selective Adsorption (2020)

Development of novel adsorbents often neglects the competitive adsorption between co-occurring oxo-anions, overestimating realistic pollutant removal potentials, and overlooking the need to improve selectivity of materials. This critical review focuses on adsorptive competition between commonly co-occurring oxo-anions in water and mechanistic approaches for the design and development of selective adsorbents. Six "target" oxo-anion pollutants (arsenate, arsenite, selenate, selenite, chromate, and perchlorate) were selected for study. Five "competing" co-occurring oxo-anions (phosphate, sulfate, bicarbonate, silicate, and nitrate) were selected due to their potential to compete with target oxo-anions for sorption sites resulting in decreased removal of the target oxo-anions. First, a comprehensive review of competition between target and competitor oxo-anions to sorb on commonly used, nonselective, metal (hydr)oxide materials is presented, and the strength of competition between each target and competitive oxo-anion pair is classified. This is followed by a critical discussion of the different equations and models used to quantify selectivity. Next, four mechanisms that have been successfully utilized in the development of selective adsorbents are reviewed: variation in surface complexation, Lewis acid/base hardness, steric hindrance, and electrostatic interactions. For each mechanism, the oxo-anions, both target and competitors, are ranked in terms of adsorptive attraction and technologies that exploit this mechanism are reviewed. Third, given the significant effort to evaluate these systems empirically, the potential to use computational quantum techniques, such as density functional theory (DFT), for modeling and prediction is explored. Finally, areas within the field of selective adsorption requiring further research are detailed with guidance on priorities for screening and defining selective adsorbents.
Systematic physical verification with topological patterns (2014)

Design rule checks (DRC) are the industry workhorse for constraining design to ensure both physical and electrical manufacturability. Where DRCs fail to fully capture the concept of manufacturability, pattern-based approaches, such as DRC Plus, fill the gap using a library of patterns to capture and identify problematic 2D configurations. Today, both a DRC deck and a pattern matching deck may be found in advanced node process development kits. Major electronic design automation (EDA) vendors offer both DRC and pattern matching solutions for physical verification; in fact, both are frequently integrated into the same physical verification tool. In physical verification, DRCs represent dimensional constraints relating directly to process limitations. On the other hand, patterns represent the 2D placement of surrounding geometries that can introduce systematic process effects. It is possible to combine both DRCs and patterns in a single topological pattern representation. A topological pattern has two separate components: a bitmap representing the placement and alignment of polygon edges, and a vector of dimensional constraints. The topological pattern is unique and unambiguous; there is no code to write, and no two different ways to represent the same physical structure. Furthermore, markers aligned to the pattern can be generated to designate specific layout optimizations for improving manufacturability. In this paper, we describe how to do systematic physical verification with just topological patterns. Common mappings between traditional design rules and topological pattern rules are presented. We describe techniques that can be used during the development of a topological rule deck such as: taking constraints defined on one rule, and systematically projecting it onto other related rules; systematically separating a single rule into two or more rules, when the single rule is not sufficient to capture manufacturability constraints; creating test layout which represents the corners of what is allowed, or not allowed by a rule; improving manufacturability by systematically changing certain patterns; and quantifying how a design uses design rules. Performance of topological pattern search is demonstrated to be production full-chip capable.
Application of transparent nanostructured electrodes for modulation of total internal reflection (2007)

We present a novel method of modulating total internal reflection (TIR) from an optical surface using a solution of dye ions in combination with a nanostructured electrode. Previous work using the electrophoretic movement of pigment particles to modulate TIR was limited by agglomeration of the pigment over time. Dye ions do not suffer from this limitation, but because of their small size they have significantly smaller absorption cross-section per unit charge than pigment particles which are generally two orders of magnitude larger. This significantly limits the maximum absorption caused by electrostatic attraction of the ions to a transparent conductive electrode. This can be overcome by using a transparent conductive nanoporous thin film as the electrode in which the porosity increases the effective surface area, allowing more dye ions to move into the evanescent wave region near the nanoporous transparent electrode and thus substantially increases the amount of absorption. In this paper, we demonstrate the modulation of TIR by observing the time-dependent variation of the reflectance as the dye ions are moved into and out of the evanescent wave region. This approach may have applications in reflective displays and active diffractive devices.
RF Design and ESD (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Fundamental Concepts of ESD Design Fundamental Concepts of RF ESD Design Key RF ESD Contributions Key RF ESD Patents ESD Failure Mechanisms RF Basics Two-Port Network Parameters Stability: RF Design Stability and ESD Device Degradation and ESD Failure RF ESD Testing Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and Impedance Methodology for ESD Testing Product Level ESD Test and RF Functional Parameter Failure Combined RF and ESD TLP Test Systems Closing Comments and Summary Problems References
A Programmable Digital Microfluidic Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Anti-Microbial Resistance Genes (2017)

The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria requires the development of new diagnostic tests. Nucleic acid-based assays determine antimicrobial susceptibility by detecting genes that encode for the resistance. In this study, we demonstrate rapid and simultaneous detection of three genes that confer resistance in bacteria to extended spectrum β-lactam and carbapenem antibiotics; CTX-M-15, KPC and NDM-1. The assay uses isothermal DNA amplification (recombinase polymerase amplification, RPA) implemented on a programmable digital microfluidics (DMF) platform. Automated dispensing protocols are used to simultaneously manipulate 45 droplets of nL volume containing sample DNA, reagents, and controls. The droplets are processed and mixed under electronic control on the DMF devices with positive amplification measured by fluorescence. The assay on these devices is significantly improved with a Time to Positivity (TTP) half that of the benchtop assay.
Copolymerization of Systems Containing 2-Chloroethyl Vinyl Ether and Maleic Anhydride (1970)

2-クロルエチルビニルエーテル(CEVE)-無水マレイン酸(MAn)共重合およびスチレン(St)-CEVE-MAn,2,5-ジヒドロフラン(DHF)-CEVE-MAn三元共重合を行ない,電荷移動型錯体(CT錯体)の関与を検討した。。CEVEはMAnと交互共重合し,共重合速度RpはCEVEモル分率の高い所で極大となる。この事実から,単なるCT錯体のみの重合ではなく,遊離モノマーも関与する共重合と考えられるので,この動力学的証明を試みた。Rpは次の3式を考慮して式(4)を得た。m2・+Ck1→m2・(1)m2・+M1k2→m1・(2)m1・+Ck3→m2・+M1(3)Rp=R-pa{x1-(a+b)/2a}2+(a+b)2/4a(4)ここで,a,bは定数,RpはCEVEのモル分率x1(max)で極大となる。x1(max)=1/2(1+b/a)∝1/([M1]+[M2])≧1/2(5)(5)式は全モノマー濃度の減少に伴いx1(max)が1/2から1に移動することを示しており,実験的にも確認された。三元共重合では錯体を考慮せず,あるモノマーについて単独重合性を無視した機構との本質的な差は認められなかったが,錯体間二元共重合として取り扱えることを確認した。この場合,錯体の反応性は,St-MAn>CEVE-MAn>DHF-MAnの順となり,イオン化ポテンシャルの低い供与型単量体ほど容易に錯形成し,高反応性であることを確認した。
One-Carbon Metabolism and Other Biochemical Correlates of Cognitive Impairment as Visualized by Principal Component Analysis (2001)

In the present report, 101 ambulatory elderly patients complaining about cognitive disturbances were investigated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Laboratory investigations, brain imaging, and electroencephalography were performed. Twelve patients were diagnosed with subjective memory complaints (SMC), 32 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 43 with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), and 14 with vascular dementia (VAD). Thirty-three percent of the SMC group, 31% of the MCI group, 45% of the DAT group, and 62% of the VAD group had increased serum homocysteine (s-HCY). Principal component analysis of 19 variables showed 3 significant principal components by cross-validation. The cognitive impairment in the patients (MMSE) was explained to 50%. According to the principal component analysis, the population followed two different routes to cognitive impairment: one correlated with disturbance of one-carbon metabolism (cerebrospinal fluid vitamin B12, plasma B12, plasma folate, and s-HCY) and the other correlated with more classic dementia, as marked by cerebrospinal fluid tau, vascular risk factors, atrophy on brain imaging, possession of the apolipoprotein E4 allele, and age. There was poor discrimination between DAT and VAD.
Thyroplasty Type II with Titanium Spreader (2015)

We have reviewed a clinical dissection of anterior commissure and Type II thyroplasty operative procedures. The handling of the anterior commissure is the most important point in this surgery. An inner perichondrium does not exist in the dorsal midline part of the thyroid cartilage, and the collagenous fiber of the anterior commissure tendon combines with the cartilage matrix of the thyroid cartilage at the vocal cord level. At the supraglottic level, the thyroepiglottic ligament connects with the thyroid cartilage through the collagenous fiber of the anterior commissure tendon, which extends to the supraglottics. In order to maintain a moderate glottis split with certainly and permanence, it is necessary not to exfoliate this tendon from the thyroid cartilage. It is necessary to split the tendon and to spread the glottis while the tendon is joined with the cartilage. For this purpose, the special spreader was made.
1-mJ energy, 1-MW peak-power, 10-W average-power, diffraction-limited pulses from an Yb-doped photonic-crystal fiber amplifier (2006)

A dual-stage amplifier seeded by a pulsed micro-laser and featuring an Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber generated 1062nm-wavelength, 1ns, ~10kHz repetition-rate, diffraction-limited (M2 ~ 1.05) pulses of energy &gt;1mJ, peak/average power &gt;1MW/&gt;10W, and spectral linewidth &lt;9GHz.
High-fidelity eye, head, body, and world tracking with a wearable device (2022)

We describe the design and performance of a high-fidelity wearable head-, body-, and eye-tracking system that offers significant improvement over previous such devices. This device's sensors include a binocular eye tracker, an RGB-D scene camera, a high-frame-rate scene camera, and two visual odometry sensors, for a total of ten cameras, which we synchronize and record from with a data rate of over 700 MB/s. The sensors are operated by a mini-PC optimized for fast data collection, and powered by a small battery pack. The device records a subject's eye, head, and body positions, simultaneously with RGB and depth data from the subject's visual environment, measured with high spatial and temporal resolution. The headset weighs only 1.4 kg, and the backpack with batteries 3.9 kg. The device can be comfortably worn by the subject, allowing a high degree of mobility. Together, this system overcomes many limitations of previous such systems, allowing high-fidelity characterization of the dynamics of natural vision.
Numerical Assessment of End-of-Life Impact of Optical Filtering by WSS-based OXCs in WDM Fiber Networks (2021)

We report an extensive assessment of OSNR penalties stemming from end-of-life optical filtering of WDM channels when they go through numerous wavelength-routing optical cross- connects in telecommunication fiber networks.