gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Trace Amine-Associated Receptor TAAR5 Can Be Activated by Trimethylamine (2013)

In addition to the canonical olfactory receptors, TAARs were currently suggested to be a second class of chemosensory receptors in the olfactory epithelium of vertebrates. In contrast to several deorphanized murine TAARs, agonists for the intact human TAAR genes 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9 that are potentially expressed in the human olfactory epithelium have not been determined so far. Moreover, the physiological relevance of TAARs still remains elusive. We present the first successful functional expression of a human TAAR and agonists of human TAAR5. We performed a ligand screening using recombinantly expressed human TAAR5 in HANA3A cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes. In order to measure receptor activity, we used a cAMP-dependent reporter gene assay and two-electrode voltage clamp technique. As a result, human TAAR5 can be activated in a concentration-dependent manner by trimethylamine and with less efficacy by dimethylethylamine. It could neither be activated by any other of the tested single amines with a related chemical structure (42 in total), nor by any of the tested odorant mixtures. The hypothesis that Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) within the reading frame of an olfactory receptor gene can cause a specific anosmia, formed the basis for clarifying the question, if anosmia for trimethylamine is caused by a SNP in a TAAR coding sequence. All functional human TAAR gene reading frames of subjects with specific anosmia for trimethylamine were amplified and products analyzed regarding SNP distribution. We demonstrated that the observed specific anosmia for trimethylamine is not correlated with a SNP in the coding sequence of one of the putatively functional human TAAR genes.
Multitaper scan-free spectrum estimation using a rotational shear interferometer (2006)

Multitaper methods for a scan-free spectrum estimation that uses a rotational shear interferometer are investigated. Before source spectra can be estimated the sources must be detected. A source detection algorithm based upon the multitaper F-test is proposed. The algorithm is simulated, with additive, white Gaussian detector noise. A source with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0.71 is detected 2.9 degrees from a source with a SNR of 70.1, with a significance level of 10(-4), approximately 4 orders of magnitude more significant than the source detection obtained with a standard detection algorithm. Interpolation and the use of prewhitening filters are investigated in the context of rotational shear interferometer (RSI) source spectra estimation. Finally, a multitaper spectrum estimator is proposed, simulated, and compared with untapered estimates. The multitaper estimate is found via simulation to distinguish a spectral feature with a SNR of 1.6 near a large spectral feature. The SNR of 1.6 spectral feature is not distinguished by the untapered spectrum estimate. The findings are consistent with the strong capability of the multitaper estimate to reduce out-of-band spectral leakage.
Formation and control of bubbles during the mitigation of laser-induced damage on fused silica surface (2018)

Surface damage on fused silica optics initiated by high fluence 351 nm laser is one of the major bottlenecks for the high power laser systems, such as, Shenguang Ⅲ (SG-Ⅲ) laser facility. Generally, the CO2 laser, which is strongly absorbed by fused silica and thus can effectively heat fused silica above melting temperature, is used to locally mitigate the damages, called the non-evaporative mitigation method. However, subsurface bubbles may be introduced in the damage mitigation process by CO2 laser melting. Unfortunately, the mitigated damage sites with subsurface bubbles can be easily re-initiated upon subsequent laser shots. In this article, in order to eliminate the subsurface bubbles, we systematically investigate the influences of mitigation protocols in different ways of laser irradiation preheating on the formation and control of subsurface bubbles. Based on the simulated results of the temperature distribution and structural changes under CO2 laser irradiation, two CO2 laser-based non-evaporative mitigation methods are proposed, which are adopted for the mitigation of surface damage sites ranging in size from 150 m to 250 m, and systematically investigated to assess the effect of eliminating subsurface bubbles. The process of mitigation method I is that multiple laser irradiations with short time and increasing power are initially used to preheat the damage site and then a higher power laser irradiation is adopted to mitigate the damage site. The process of mitigation method Ⅱ is that a long time, low power laser irradiation is first used to preheat the damage site and then a high power laser irradiation is adopted to mitigate the damage site. The detailed morphologies of the mitigation sites and subsurface bubbles produced by the two mitigation methods are measured by optical microscope with high magnification. A large number of small subsurface bubbles are observed in mitigation method I. While, less subsurface bubbles are observed in mitigation method Ⅱ. The statistical results indicate that among the thirty-four mitigated sites, only eight have no surface bubbles in method I. In contrast, among the fifty-four mitigated sites, forty-nine have no surface bubbles in mitigation method Ⅱ. The experimental results suggest that the formation probability of subsurface bubbles is effectively suppressed by the mitigation method Ⅱ. The mechanism of eliminating subsurface bubbles in the mitigation method Ⅱ is discussed based on the structural changes of the fused silica in the mitigation process. It is found that the fused silica is not melted by the long time, low power laser irradiation, which means that a long time preheating without melting could provide enough time to effectively reject air and impurities enwrapping in cracks, and thus reducing the formation probability of subsurface bubbles in the form of the crack closing due to rapid melting. With the mitigation method Ⅱ, the probability of mitigated sites without subsurface bubbles can reach 98%.
An equal area method for determining dew and bubble points of fluid mixtures (1995)

The measurement of mass flow rates depends upon knowledge of the number of phases present, the states of those phases and their densities at the pressure and temperature of the measurement both upstream and downstream. A new Gibbs energy minimization method was developed by us in 1994; based upon the well-known Maxwell Equal Area Rule (MEAR) for pure-component system. MEAR is both simple and faster to convergence than previous procedures (e.g., tangent plane) Here we apply this new method to the determination of dew and bubble points for multicomponent fluid mixtures, especially those found in the production and processing of petroleum, petrochemicals and natural gases. A Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR/EOS) is used to model the fluid mixtures and ultimately to provide the phase densities. Mixing rules are generally of the Wong-Sandler types although conventional van der Waal rules may be easily substituted. MEAR is shown to be particularly advantageous as the number of components is increased. Its graphical nature lends to the use of interactive computer graphics when multi-dimensional searches become necessary to find the fluid state of the system.
Remote optical interrogation of radiation sensitive infrared polarizers (2007)

Remote detection of radiation is a difficult problem due to the 1/r<sup>2</sup> fall-off. Recent advances in polymer research and nanoscale fabrication methods along with advances in optical polarimetric remote sensing systems suggest a solution. The basic device uses a micro-wiregrid infrared polarizer fabricated in conductive polymer. When the polymer is exposed to hard radiation, its conductivity will be affected and the polarization properties of the device will change in a corresponding manner. This change in polarization properties can be determined by optically interrogating the device, possibly from a remote location. We will report on the development of a radiation-sensitive passive dosimeter polymer with very low optical visibility. Progress on material development, lithographic fabrication and optical characterization will be presented.
An integrated 3.6 GHz bidirectional direct quadrature modulator/demodulator (2004)

A bidirectional direct quadrature modulator/demodulator IC has been developed for high speed data communication applications in enhanced digital wireless communication systems operating in the 3.6 GHz fixed-wireless-access (FWA) band. The IC contains a precise quadrature phase shifter and a passive double balanced mixer core, as well as microwave band amplifiers and the associated signal conversion circuits. An important feature of the design is a passive double balanced mixer which allows the system to function as both a direct quadrature modulator in a transmit channel and a direct quadrature demodulator in a receive channel, which is advantageous for simplified transceiver realization. The mixer's output has a 1-dB compression point of -20.4dB corresponds to a input signal level of -12.5dB and exhibits a high input and output port isolation. The silicon implementation was carried out using Cadence 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Physical layout of the entire system occupies an area of 1.2mm/sup 2/ with a low power dissipation of 137mW at a single power supply of 3.3V.
An iterative MMSE-ML detector for MIMO SC-FDMA system (2011)

This paper proposes a new iterative minimum mean square error(MMSE) based maximum likelihood(ML) detector for a single carrier frequency division multiple access(SC-FDMA) system. In this scheme, conventional non-iterative ML post-detection process(ML-PDP) is modified to have an iterative structure. Modified iterative ML-PDP with reliability check enhances the system bit error rate(BER) performance about 1~2dB per iteration at the BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> . Additionally computational complexity caused by each iteration can be suppressed efficiently by adopting radius update process.
Multiwavelength erbium fiber ring laser using Sagnac loop and Fabry-Perot laser diode (2007)

We propose and demonstrate experimentally a simply multiple-wavelength erbium compound ring fiber laser employing a Sagnac interferometer with erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD). The proposed laser has the advantage of simply structure and easy fabrication, lower insertion loss and cost-effective. Based on the Sagnac fiber laser scheme, the proposed laser can lase eight wavelengths simultaneously. Moreover, the optical output stability of the ring laser has been also discussed.
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for Indoor Visible Light Communication Networks (2021)

Visible light communication (VLC) has been emerged as a technology that can increase the channel capacity in the next generations of wireless technologies by exploiting the largely unutilized, licence-free and huge visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. In order to enable high-speed short-range wireless communications, VLC utilizes the installed high-switching rate light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the ceilings of indoor environments, which are primarily used for illumination, to modulate the signals into visible light intensity. However, VLC suffers from several limitations, such as the limited modulation bandwidth and the coverage area of LEDs that degrade the overall system spectral efficiency (SE). In this respect, the present contribution proposes rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) for multi-cell indoor VLC systems as a mean to enhance the overall system SE and energy efficiency (EE) as well as to provide ubiquitous indoor coverage and to address user mobility issues. Moreover, we utilize coordinated beamforming to design the precoders of the common and the private streams in each cell aiming to enhance the performance of cell-edge users. Finally, the formulated sum of the mean squared error optimization problem is solved sub-optimally using an alternating optimization approach. Extensive computer simulations demonstrate that RSMA improves the overall system performance in terms of the SE and EE compared to the recently used multiple access techniques, such as space division multiple access with coordinated beamforming which constitutes a special case of it.
APPLICATION OF MILLISECOND PULSED LASER WELDING IN MEMS PACKAGING (2010)

This paper reports a new packaging method for a wide range of MEMS applications on both the wafer and device scale. Titanium is used as the packaging material in this work and both Si-MEMS and Ti-MEMS devices are integrated into a 350 m titanium substrate. A Nd:YAG pulsed laser is used as a localized heating source to micro-weld a 350 m titanium cap to the substrate. Simulation of the heat conduction of a two-dimensional time-dependent pulse laser between the substrate and cap was carried out using COMSOL to investigate pulsed laser melting properties. To avoid thermal distortion of the welding, several geometries at the cap and substrate interface were investigated to minimize laser intensity in order to achieve the required melting depth.
Smartphones, Biometrics, and a Brave New World (2016)

In this article, we take a somewhat contrarian viewpoint - that biometrics may, in fact, offer solutions to many of today's cyber-security problems that appear with increasing frequency in prime-time news. This outcome relies on the individual asserting ownership over his or her personal biometrics. A strange hypothesis, you might think - but let us start with the disruptive technology that could enable this transition in how we view and use biometrics. Let's begin by considering the smartphone on your desk, in your hand, or in your coat pocket.
Patients' Views on Identifiability of Samples and Informed Consent for Genetic Research (2008)

It is unclear whether the regulatory distinction between non-identifiable and identifiable information--information used to determine informed consent practices for the use of clinically derived samples for genetic research--is meaningful to patients. The objective of this study was to examine patients' attitudes and preferences regarding use of anonymous and identifiable clinical samples for genetic research. Telephone interviews were conducted with 1,193 patients recruited from general medicine, thoracic surgery, or medical oncology clinics at five United States academic medical centers. Wanting to know about research being done was important to 72% of patients when samples would be anonymous and to 81% of patients when samples would be identifiable. Only 17% wanted to know about the identifiable scenario but not the anonymous scenario (i.e., following the regulatory distinction). Curiosity-based reasons were the most common (37%) among patients who wanted to know about anonymous samples. Of patients wanting to know about either scenario, approximately 57% would require researchers to seek permission, whereas 43% would be satisfied with notification only. Patients were more likely to support permission (versus notification) in the anonymous scenario if they had more education, were Black, less religious, in better health, more private, and less trusting of researchers. The sample, although not representative of the general population, does represent patients at academic medical centers whose clinical samples may be used for genetic research. Few patients expressed preferences consistent with the regulatory distinction between non-identifiable and identifiable information. Data from this study should cause policy-makers to question whether this distinction is useful in relation to research with previously collected clinically derived samples.
Tertiary Structure of Uracil-DNA Glycosylase Inhibitor Protein (1995)

The Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage PBS2 uracil-DNA glycosylase inhibitor (Ugi) is an acidic protein of 84 amino acids that inactivates uracil-DNA glycosylase from diverse organisms. The secondary structure of Ugi consists of five anti-parallel beta-strands and two alpha-helices (Balasubramanian, S., Beger, R.D., Bennett, S.E., Mosbaugh, D.W., and Bolton, P.H. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 296-303). The tertiary structure of Ugi has been determined by solution state multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. The Ugi structure contains an area of highly negative electrostatic potential produced by the close proximity of a number of acidic residues. The unfavorable interactions between these acidic residues are apparently accommodated by the stability of the beta-strands. This negatively charged region is likely to play an important role in the binding of Ugi to uracil-DNA glycosylase.
Prioritizing Health Promotion Plans with k-Bayesian Network Classifier (2008)

Recently, Bayesian network classifiers (BNCs) have attracted many researchers because they can produce classification models with dependencies among attributes. From the application viewpoint, however, BNCs sometimes produce models too complicated to interpret easily. In this paper, we propose k-Bayesian network classifier (k-BNC), which is a new method to reconstruct the attribute-dependency relationship from data for health promotion planning. From the health promotion viewpoint, it would be highly advantageous if occupational physicians could make effective plans for employees, and if employees could carry out the plans easily. Therefore, we focus on the attribute dependencies in classification models represented as a directed acyclic graph (DAG), and find the effective attributes by measuring the standardized Kullback-Leibler divergence from parent attributes to their children. In experimental evaluation, we firstly compare the accuracy of k-BNC with that of Naive Bayes Classifiers, and other wellknown Bayesian Networks and structure learning methods (k2 algorithm etc.) on some public datasets. We show that our proposed k-BNC method successfully produces classification models for the prioritization of health promotion plans on our health checkup data.
LET-painting increases tumour control probability in hypoxic tumours (2013)

LET-painting was suggested as a method to overcome tumour hypoxia. In vitro experiments have demonstrated a well-established relationship between the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) and linear energy transfer (LET), where OER approaches unity for high-LET values. However, high-LET radiation also increases the risk for side effects in normal tissue. LET-painting attempts to restrict high-LET radiation to compartments that are found to be hypoxic, while applying lower LET radiation to normoxic tissues. Methods. Carbon-12 and oxygen-16 ion treatment plans with four fields and with homogeneous dose in the target volume, are applied on an oropharyngeal cancer case with an identified hypoxic entity within the tumour. The target dose is optimised to achieve a tumour control probability (TCP) of 95% when assuming a fully normoxic tissue. Using the same primary particle energy fluence needed for this plan, TCP is recalculated for three cases assuming hypoxia: first, redistributing LET to match the hypoxic structure (LET-painting). Second, plans are recalculated for varying hypoxic tumour volume in order to investigate the threshold volume where TCP can be established. Finally, a slight dose boost (5-20%) is additionally allowed in the hypoxic subvolume to assess its impact on TCP. Results. LET-painting with carbon-12 ions can only achieve tumour control for hypoxic subvolumes smaller than 0.5 cm(3). Using oxygen-16 ions, tumour control can be achieved for tumours with hypoxic subvolumes of up to 1 or 2 cm(3). Tumour control can be achieved for tumours with even larger hypoxic subvolumes, if a slight dose boost is allowed in combination with LET-painting. Conclusion. Our findings clearly indicate that a substantial increase in tumour control can be achieved when applying the LET-painting concept using oxygen-16 ions on hypoxic tumours, ideally with a slight dose boost.
Octupolar Derivatives Functionalized with Superacceptor Peripheral Groups: Synthesis and Evaluation of the Electron‐Withdrawing Ability of Potent Unusual Groups (2012)

Novel tripodal derivatives with a triphenylamine core and that bear "superacidifiers" (i.e., fluorinated sulfoximinyl blocks) or novel sulfiliminyl moieties as peripheral groups were synthesized. These new chromophores show strong absorption in the near-UV region and emission in the visible region. The fluorinated sulfoximinyl moieties were found to behave as potent auxochromic and electron-withdrawing (EW) groups, thus leading to redshifted absorption and emission. These moieties promote a core-to-periphery intramolecular charge transfer (ctp-ICT) transition, the energy of which was found to be correlated to their EW strength. In this study, we provide evidence of a linear correlation between the Hammett constant (σ(p)) values and the electronic gap between the ground and first excited state of the three-branched derivatives. This in turn was used to derive σ(p) values of fluorinated sulfoximinyl moieties. These EWGs show unprecedentedly high σ(p) values, up to 1.45 relative to 0.8 for NO(2). Also, by using this method, the sulfiliminyl moiety was shown to exhibit similar EW strength as NO(2) , while promoting improved transparency and solubility. Finally, the superior EW strength of the fluorinated sulfoximine peripheral moieties was shown to induce significant enhancement of the two-photon absorption responses in the red near-IR region of the three-branched derivatives relative to similar octupoles that bear more usual strong EW groups. These characteristics (improved nonlinear responses or transparency) open new routes for the design of nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores for optical limiting or electro-optical modulation. Such building blocks could also be of interest for optoelectronic applications, including the development of solar cells.
Application of Compositional Simulation in Seismic Modeling and Numerical Well Testing for Gas Condensate Reservoirs (2011)

Recognition of condensate blockage is important in reservoir monitoring and management since the secondary operations such as gas cycling might need to be triggered to re-pressurize the reservoir. This study addresses the monitoring of a realistic gas condensate reservoir by time-lapse seismic data and transient well test analysis. A compositional reservoir modelling is employed to perform the numerical well test simulation. However, implementing a compositional fluid flow simulation highlights the limitations of the current petro-elastic model (PEM). Therefore we have developed an approach to consider the compositional changes of the fluid in the petro-elastic modelling. The equivalent black-oil model results are cross-validated against the compositional PEM as well. Our results show that the original widely used Batzle &amp; Wang approach should be modified for a gas/condensate system. We show that the response strength of the well testing and the 4D seismic are complementary in each particular flow period (drawdown and build-up) which can be coupled to give useful information for reservoir monitoring purposes.