gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-power on-chip communication based on transition-aware global signaling (TAGS) (2004)

In this paper, we propose a new circuit structure, the transition aware global signaling (TAGS) receiver, that detects transitions at arbitrary switch points. The major performance advantage of this circuit occurs when it switches before the 50% point in the input transition. The TAGS receiver stores the next state of the line while quiet. Upon detection of a transition at the end of the line the output is temporarily driven by the stored next state. Transitions at the output of the receiver are much faster than at the end of the line since they are generated locally. Its ability to detect transitions before a standard inverter and locally generate them at its output, allows its use at the end of long interconnects with fewer repeaters for the same delay as the standard repeater paradigm. The need for fewer repeaters with the TAGS scheme results in lower power consumption for on-chip global communication, while also reducing the placement overhead involved with large buffer blocks. This is shown in the context of bus optimizations, where TAGS achieves up to 50% reduction in power compared to standard repeaters. In an industrial 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS process, TAGS receivers enable 8-mm-long buses at 1.5-GHz clock rates without repeaters, while the traditional scheme required three repeaters on the line. An extensive analysis of crosstalk noise in the bus environment shows that TAGS can handle the noise levels produced in typical bus structures. Also, the variation of delay in the bus structure under worst-case power supply noise for the TAGS scheme is typically smaller than the delay variation using the standard repeater scheme.
Influence of Reactor Pressure on the Primary Jet Breakup of High-Viscosity Fuels: Basic Research for Simulation-Assisted Design of Low-Grade Fuel Burner (2018)

Detail investigations on the primary breakup of high-viscosity liquids using external-mixing twin-fluid nozzles at increased system pressure are scarce. Therefore, the research work of the present study is focused on the investigation of pressure influence (1 - 11 bar (abs)) on the primary breakup by numerical simulation based on a previously studied nozzle [Müller et al., ASME Turbo Expo 2016, GT2016-56371]. The pressure influence was investigated for two liquids applying a wide range of viscosities (100 mPa s; 400 mPa s) and two atomizing air velocities (58 m/s; 74 m/s). To describe the disintegration process of the fluids, characteristic features like liquid jet morphology, breakup length and breakup frequency were evaluated. The primary breakup was investigated using the open source CFD software OpenFOAM. To gather the morphology of the primary breakup and the flow field characteristics compressible large eddy simulations (LES) were performed and the movement of the gas-liquid interface was captured by means of the Volume of Fluid-Method (VOF). The conducted simulations showed good agreement with experimental results with respect to the characteristic features (e.g. morphology and breakup length) and revealed a decrease of the breakup length with increasing ambient pressure for a constant liquid mass flow and atomizing air velocity. Moreover, those findings will contribute to a better understanding of the physics of the breakup of high-viscosity liquid jets and as well to create an experimentally validated CFD based tool for future burner development and optimization.
Infrastructure Allocation for Improving Sensing Accuracy and Connectivity Probability Based on Combination Strategy in Vehicular Networks (2022)

Sensing and communication are the two major concerns in vehicle-road collaboration system, whose function realization needs the support of RSE (roadside equipment). A misleading deployment incurs in waste of valuable resources and degradation of the network performance. Based on the combination strategy, this study proposed a hybrid allocation method to deploy RSE on a highway by considering the sensing capability of traditional ITS sensors and the communication feature of popular networking devices. Two sorts of RSE, the one integrated ITS sensor and networking device, named sensing & communication-RSE (scRSE), and the other belongs to networking devices, named communication-RSE (cRSE), were involved. A hybrid RSE allocation framework was proposed, in which an optimal method was adopted to deploy scRSE on key points for data acquisition and a connectivity probability-based uniform method was used to deploy cRSE for communication. The effectiveness of these methods was verified by case analysis. The results indicated that the proposed hybrid method was very effective and outperformed the conventional uniform deployment method. The key parameters, including the coverage range, RSE spacing, and vehicle density, had an important impact on network connectivity probability. To obtain high connectivity probability, a lower density of connected vehicles (CVs) needs the support of wide coverage of RSE, and vice versa. When the density of CVs reaches to a certain value, vehicular networks could be realized without the help of RSE. Benefitting from the mobility of CVs, increasing their transmission range was better than increasing RSE coverage radius in improving connectivity probability.
Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation (2000)

Atrial fibrillation is frequently disabling and resistant to antiarrhythmic drugs. Curative treatment by catheter-based ablation has been shown to be feasible either by achieving long linear lesions, mainly in the left atrium, or by targeting the initiating focus, most frequently in the pulmonary veins. This paper reviews the different ablation approaches, their results, potential complications, and relative merits.
T Cell Receptor Signaling Kinetics Takes the Stage (2010)

It has been long surmised that the strength of stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR) determines the robustness of TCR-mediated signaling and the magnitude of a T cell response. However, it is becoming evident that the signal from the TCR develops over time to approach its steady-state, affinity-determined maximal extent and that variations in this time have a substantial effect on the responsiveness of T cells. Here, I discuss data that show that the kinetics of signal propagation in various segments of the TCR signaling network can influence the spatiotemporal regulation of the effector functions of T cells and the quality of the T cell response.
Spline Method for Nonlinear Optimal Thrust Vector Controls for Atmospheric Interceptor Guidance (1977)

Theme T HE solution of a general rtth-order nonlinear system of differential equations is analytically approximated by an rtth-degree spline polynomial series. This spline approach is applied to determine the optimal thrust vector controls for guiding an interceptor to a target in dense atmosphere. The problem formulation utilizes the calculus of variations leading to a Two Point Boundary Value (TPBV) problem. The spline series, in conjunction with a oneor multidimensional parameter search procedure, provides a novel optimization technique for transforming the optimality state and adjoint nonlinear differential equations with specified boundary conditions into algebraic solution expressions that are easily calculated. Boundary conditions at the initial and terminal times are also satisfied algebraically on each sweep (iteration). A noniterative guidance law is obtained as an approximate solution to the TPBV problem. Two-dimensional atmospheric intercepts are considered with fixed terminal time (fixed altitude of intercept), zero terminal miss distance, and a quadratic performance index consist'*ng of the integral of the square of the thrust, which is a measure of fuel consumption. The quick convergence of the technique to the true optimal TPBV solution is illustrated with computer results under the severe conditions of a poor starting nominal, rapidly varying components of thrust, and large atmospheric drag nonlinearities.
Depletion of Lubricant from Nanostructured Oil-Infused Surfaces by Pendant Condensate Droplets (2020)

Due to recent advances in nanofabrication, phase-change condensation heat transfer has seen a renaissance. Compared to conventional heat transfer surfaces, nanostructured surfaces impregnated with chemically matched lubrication films (hereinafter referred to as "nanostructured lubricated surfaces") have been demonstrated to improve vapor-side phase-change condensation heat transfer by facilitating droplet nucleation, growth, and departure. While the presence of nanoscale roughness improves performance longevity by stabilizing the lubrication film <i>via</i> capillary forces, such enhancement is short-lived due to the eventual loss of lubrication oil by the departing droplets. The objective of this study is to characterize oil depletion caused by pendant droplets during condensation. For our study, we nanostructured, chemically functionalized, and lubricated horizontal copper tubes that are widely used in shell-and-tube heat exchangers in power plants and process industries. Using high-speed fluorescence imaging and thermogravimetric analysis, we show that shedding droplets exert a shear force on the oil in the wetting ridge at the water-oil interface. The viscous shear draws the lubrication film from the nanostructured surface onto the upper portion of the droplet and forms a ring-like oil skirt. Through detailed theoretical analysis, we show that the thickness of this oil skirt scales with the classical Landau-Levich-Derjaguin (LLD) theory for dip-coating. Our results reveal that droplets falling from horizontal tubes break unequally and leave behind small satellite droplets that retain the bulk of the oil in the wetting ridge. This observation is in stark contrast with the earlier description of droplets shedding from tilted flat plates where the entire oil-filled wetting ridge is demonstrated to leave the surface upon droplet departure. By selecting lubrication oils of varying viscosity and spreading coefficient, we provide evidence that the contribution of the wrapping layer to the rate of oil depletion is insignificant. Furthermore, we show that due to the nanoscale features on the tubes, nearly half of the lubrication film remains on the surface after 10 h of continuous steam condensation at ambient pressure, 23 °C, and 60% relative humidity, a 2-3-fold improvement over previous results.The insights gained from this work will provide guidelines for the rational design of long-lasting nanostructured lubricated surfaces for phase-change condensation.
PUMA (2019)

Memristor crossbars are circuits capable of performing analog matrix-vector multiplications, overcoming the fundamental energy efficiency limitations of digital logic. They have been shown to be effective in special-purpose accelerators for a limited set of neural network applications. We present the Programmable Ultra-efficient Memristor-based Accelerator (PUMA) which enhances memristor crossbars with general purpose execution units to enable the acceleration of a wide variety of Machine Learning (ML) inference workloads. PUMA's microarchitecture techniques exposed through a specialized Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) retain the efficiency of in-memory computing and analog circuitry, without compromising programmability. We also present the PUMA compiler which translates high-level code to PUMA ISA. The compiler partitions the computational graph and optimizes instruction scheduling and register allocation to generate code for large and complex workloads to run on thousands of spatial cores. We have developed a detailed architecture simulator that incorporates the functionality, timing, and power models of PUMA's components to evaluate performance and energy consumption. A PUMA accelerator running at 1 GHz can reach area and power efficiency of 577 GOPS/s/mm 2 and 837~GOPS/s/W, respectively. Our evaluation of diverse ML applications from image recognition, machine translation, and language modelling (5M-800M synapses) shows that PUMA achieves up to 2,446× energy and 66× latency improvement for inference compared to state-of-the-art GPUs. Compared to an application-specific memristor-based accelerator, PUMA incurs small energy overheads at similar inference latency and added programmability.
Anatomic Shoulder Arthroplasty as Treatment for Locked Posterior Dislocation of the Shoulder (2014)

Although shoulder arthroplasty for locked posterior dislocation can provide pain relief, improved shoulder external rotation, and a low risk of recurrent instability, the overall rate of satisfaction is inferior to that following anatomic arthroplasty for treatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis.
Combining wireless neural recording and video capture for the analysis of natural gait (2011)

Neural control of movement is typically studied in constrained environments where there is a reduced set of possible behaviors. This constraint may unintentionally limit the applicability of findings to the generalized case of unconstrained behavior. We hypothesize that examining the unconstrained state across multiple behavioral contexts will lead to new insights into the neural control of movement and help advance the design of neural prosthetic decode algorithms. However, to pursue electrophysiological studies in such a manner requires a more flexible framework for experimentation. We propose that head-mounted neural recording systems with wireless data transmission, combined with markerless computer-vision based motion tracking, will enable new, less constrained experiments. As a proof-of-concept, we recorded and wirelessly transmitted broadband neural data from 32 electrodes in premotor cortex while acquiring single-camera video of a rhesus macaque walking on a treadmill. We demonstrate the ability to extract behavioral kinematics using an automated computer vision algorithm without use of markers and to predict kinematics from the neural data. Together these advances suggest that a new class of "freely moving monkey" experiments should be possible and should help broaden our understanding of the neural control of movement.
Virtual lightweight snapshots for consistent analytics in NoSQL stores (2016)

Increasingly, applications that deal with big data need to run analytics concurrently with updates. But bridging the gap between big and fast data is challenging: most of these applications require analytics' results that are fresh and consistent, but without impacting system latency and throughput. We propose virtual lightweight snapshots (VLS), a mechanism that enables consistent analytics without blocking incoming updates in NoSQL stores. VLS requires neither native support for database versioning nor a transaction manager. Besides, it is storage-efficient, keeping additional versions of records only when needed to guarantee consistency, and sharing versions across multiple concurrent snapshots. We describe an implementation of VLS in MongoDB and present a detailed experimental evaluation which shows that it supports consistency for analytics with small impact on query evaluation time, update throughput, and latency.
Self-optimization of remote electrical tilt (2010)

The capacity and coverage area of a cell may vary due to changed environment, insertion or deletion of base stations, or malfunctioning base stations, and wrong parameter selection in the network planning phase. Suboptimal capacity and coverage area leads to the waste of network resources and the lower quality. Reacting on the changed situation manually is very expensive and time consuming. Therefore, 3GPP introduces Coverage and Capacity Optimization (CCO) use case for LTE and LTE-Advanced technologies. In this paper, we focus on the self-optimization of remote electrical tilt from the perspective of CCO. Simulation studies are performed for best-effort traffic, and resource fair scheduling by using LTE snap-shot simulator where propagation and uneven user distribution is modeled in three dimensions for a realistic macro-cellular network scenario.
Mikrobielle Protein‐Gewinnung auf Methanol‐Basis (1974)

Abstract In einer ökonomischen Betrachtung wird Methanol als Substrat für die Produktion von Einzeller‐Protein (SCP) mit anderen Rohstoffen an Hand von publizierten Daten verglichen. Die Kriterien sind einerseits der Preis des Substrates und andererseits die Substrat‐Zellausbeute, der Sauerstoff‐Bedarf und die Wärme‐Entwicklung im Fermentationsprozeß. Weiterhin wird ein Überblick über methanol‐verwertende Mikroorganismen und über die Kriterien für ihre Eignung zur SCP‐Produktion gegeben. Bei der Hefe Candida boidinii wurde der Methanol‐Stoffwechsel untersucht und mit dem von Bakterien verglichen. Methanol wird wie bei Bakterien über Formaldehyd und Formiat zu CO 2 oxidiert. Das C 1 ‐Substrat scheint bei Hefen über einen Zucker‐phosphat‐Weg assimiliert zu werden, der ähnlich dem Ribose‐phosphat‐Weg in Bakterien ist. Das Problem der Prozeßtechnik wird unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Prozeßführung, Reaktortechnik und mathematischen Modellierung der Prozesse diskutiert.
Security as an Artificial Science, System Administration, and Tools (2022)

In practice, the security of a system is often strongly impacted by the tools used to create, configure, and manage each of its constituent components. Here, we consider the role of such tools themselves in the body of knowledge comprising computer and Internet security.
Dissecting the Contributions of Cooperating Gene Mutations to Cancer Phenotypes and Drug Responses with Patient-Derived iPSCs (2018)

Connecting specific cancer genotypes with phenotypes and drug responses constitutes the central premise of precision oncology but is hindered by the genetic complexity and heterogeneity of primary cancer cells. Here, we use patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to dissect the individual contributions of two recurrent genetic lesions, the splicing factor SRSF2 P95L mutation and the chromosome 7q deletion, to the development of myeloid malignancy. Using a comprehensive panel of isogenic iPSCs-with none, one, or both genetic lesions-we characterize their relative phenotypic contributions and identify drug sensitivities specific to each one through a candidate drug approach and an unbiased large-scale small-molecule screen. To facilitate drug testing and discovery, we also derive SRSF2-mutant and isogenic normal expandable hematopoietic progenitor cells. We thus describe here an approach to dissect the individual effects of two cooperating mutations to clinically relevant features of malignant diseases.
Purification and characterization of recombinant Bet v I, the major birch pollen allergen. Immunological equivalence to natural Bet v I. (1993)

Pollen from trees of the order Fagales (e.g. birch, alder, hazel, oak, and hornbeam) are a major cause of Type I allergies observed in early spring. Previously, we reported the cloning and sequencing of Bet v I, the major birch pollen allergen, which showed high sequence similarities to a family of plant pathogen-activated genes (Breiteneder, H., Pettenburger, K., Bito, A., Valenta, R., Kraft, D., Rumpold, H., Scheiner, O., and Breitenbach, M. (1989) EMBO J. 8, 1935-1938). Here, we present the results on the expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant Bet v I produced in Escherichia coli as fusion and non-fusion protein, respectively. The purified recombinant proteins were analyzed to verify purity and structural integrity, and their immunological properties were compared to those of Bet v I isolated from birch pollen (natural Bet v I). Immunoblot analyses showed that the recombinant proteins are specifically recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against natural Bet v I as well as by IgE from birch pollen-allergic patients. However, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed a decreased IgE-binding activity of the recombinant fusion Bet v I compared to the non-fusion and natural Bet v I proteins, which probably results from conformational changes due to the fusion tail. Recombinant non-fusion Bet v I was equivalent to natural Bet v I with respect to IgE-binding properties, the ability to induce in vitro proliferation of allergen-specific T-cell clones, and the ability to release histamine from basophils derived from birch pollen-allergic patients.
Berry curvature contributions of kagome-lattice fragments in amorphous Fe–Sn thin films (2023)

Amorphous semiconductors are widely applied to electronic and energy-conversion devices owing to their high performance and simple fabrication processes. The topological concept of the Berry curvature is generally ill-defined in amorphous solids, due to the absence of long-range crystalline order. Here, we demonstrate that the Berry curvature in the short-range crystalline order of kagome-lattice fragments effectively contributes to the anomalous electrical and magneto-thermoelectric properties in Fe-Sn amorphous films. The Fe-Sn films on glass substrates exhibit large anomalous Hall and Nernst effects comparable to those of the single crystals of topological semimetals Fe<sub>3</sub>Sn<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sub>3</sub>Sn. With modelling, we reveal that the Berry curvature contribution in the amorphous state likely originates from randomly distributed kagome-lattice fragments. This microscopic interpretation sheds light on the topology of amorphous materials, which may lead to the realization of functional topological amorphous electronic devices.
A Review of Electrical Machine Optimization Medthods with Emphasis on Computational Time (2019)

Electrical machine optimization process becomes increasingly demanding with higher-performance requirements for the electrical machine and its drive/control. This can significantly increase the computational requirement of the optimization process. This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art in term of optimization of electrical machines. The review will cover modeling, analysis and optimization algorithms with emphasis on the computational efficiency. The paper will also focus on optimizing electrical machines for a wide constant power speed range which requires including multiple operating points (in some cases representative of a drive cycle)in the optimization process. Systematic approaches that focus on the reduction of computational time are discussed and compared. Future directions and potential research areas are also discussed.
Filter caching for free (2019)

Modern processors contain store-buffers to allow stores to retire under a miss, thus hiding store-miss latency. The store-buffer needs to be large (for performance) and searched on every load (for correctness), thereby making it a costly structure in both area and energy. Yet on every load, the store-buffer is probed in parallel with the L1 and TLB, with no concern for the store-buffer's intrinsic hit rate or whether a store-buffer hit can be predicted to save energy by disabling the L1 and TLB probes.