gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pivotal Advance: Arginase-1-independent polyamine production stimulates the expression of IL-4-induced alternatively activated macrophage markers while inhibiting LPS-induced expression of inflammatory genes (2012)

In macrophages, basal polyamine (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) levels are relatively low but are increased upon IL-4 stimulation. This Th2 cytokine induces Arg1 activity, which converts arginine into ornithine, and ornithine can be decarboxylated by ODC to produce putrescine, which is further converted into spermidine and spermine. Recently, we proposed polyamines as novel agents in IL-4-dependent E-cadherin regulation in AAMs. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that several, but not all, AAM markers depend on polyamines for their IL-4-induced gene and protein expression and that polyamine dependency of genes relies on the macrophage type. Remarkably, Arg1-deficient macrophages display rather enhanced IL-4-induced polyamine production, suggesting that an Arg1-independent polyamine synthesis pathway may operate in macrophages. On the other side of the macrophage activation spectrum, LPS-induced expression of several proinflammatory genes was increased significantly in polyamine-depleted CAMs. Overall, we propose Arg1 independently produced polyamines as novel regulators of the inflammatory status of the macrophage. Indeed, whereas polyamines are needed for IL-4-induced expression of several AAM mediators, they inhibit the LPS-mediated expression of proinflammatory genes in CAMs.
Epstein-Barr virus-specific DNA polymerase in virus-nonproducer Raji cells (1986)

Virus-nonproducer Raji cells, when induced to early antigen synthesis by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate and sodium butyrate, showed an increase in DNA polymerase activity. This enzyme has the characteristics of a typical Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase with regard to chromatographical pattern and biological properties: it is eluted from DEAE-cellulose at 0.08 M NaCl, has a high salt resistance, is sensitive to phosphonoacetic acid and phosphonoformate, and shows a substrate preference for poly(dC)-oligo(dG12-18). The resistance of Epstein-Barr virus polymerase activity to aphidicolin is a property distinct from that of HSV DNA polymerase. Viral DNA polymerase activity increases in the absence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA replication, indicating that this enzyme is an early viral protein.
Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templated Channel Electrodes via Atomic Layer Deposition (2008)

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) utilize high surface area metal oxide sintered particle networks to absorb molecular dyes and transport injected charge carriers. While this sintered particle architecture allows liquid electrolyte DSSCs to achieve efficiencies up to 11%, slow charge transport through the semiconductor network limits the amount of modification that can be made to the electrolyte and dye without adversely affecting the efficiency. The functionalization of anodic aluminum oxide membranes with thin films of transparent, semiconducting oxides via atomic layer deposition may allow for significantly faster charge transport. We demonstrate the fabrication of ZnO thin films within and upon commercially available anodic aluminum oxide membranes via atomic layer deposition.
Custom design of a VLSI PCM-FDM transmultiplexer from system specifications to circuit layout using a computer-aided design system (1986)

The computer-aided design of a VLSI PCM-FDM transmultiplexer is presented. The entire design process from system specifications to integrated circuit layout is carried out with the aid of specialized computer programs for analysis, synthesis and optimization at each design level: the filter network, the architecture and the circuit layout. These CAD tools support a top-down custom design methodology based on bit-serial architectures and standard cells. A customized architecture is constructed, which is integrated using a 5- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\mu</tex> m CMOS cell library. The results are compared with a fully manual design and demonstrate the power of architecture based computer-aided design methodologies for VLSI filtering. By combining both synthesis as well as optimization aids at each design level, it is possible to achieve a high degree of automation while retaining an efficient use of silicon area, high throughput and moderate power consumption.
Efficacy of Topical Application, Leaf Residue or Soil Drench of Blastospores of Isaria fumosorosea for Citrus Root Weevil Management: Laboratory and Greenhouse Investigations (2016)

The efficacy of topical, leaf residue, and soil drench applications with <i>Isaria fumosorosea</i> blastospores (<i>Ifr</i> strain 3581) was assessed for the management of the citrus root weevil, <i>Diaprepes abbreviatus</i> (L.). Blastospores of <i>Ifr</i> were applied topically at a rate of 10⁷ blastospores mL<sup>-1</sup> on both the larvae and adults, and each insect stage was incubated in rearing cups with artificial diet at 25 °C, either in the dark or in a growth chamber under a 16 h photophase for 2 weeks, respectively. Percent larval and adult mortality due to the infection of <i>Ifr</i> was assessed after 14 days as compared to untreated controls. Leaf residue assays were assessed by feeding the adults detached citrus leaves previously sprayed with <i>Ifr</i> (10⁷ blastospores mL<sup>-1</sup>) in Petri dish chambers and then incubating them at 25 °C for 2-3 weeks. Efficacy of the soil drench applications was assessed on five larvae feeding on the roots of a <i>Carrizo</i> hybrid citrus seedling ~8.5-10.5 cm below the sterile sand surface in a single 16 cm × 15.5 cm pot inside a second pot lined with plastic mesh to prevent escapees. Drench treatments per pot consisted of 100 mL of <i>Ifr</i> suspension (10⁷ blastospores mL<sup>-1</sup>), flushed with 400, 900, or 1400 mL of water compared to 500, 1000, and 1500 mL of water only for controls. The mean concentration of <i>Ifr</i> propagules as colony forming units per gram (CFUs g<sup>-1</sup>) that leached to different depths in the sand profile per treatment drench rate was also determined. Two weeks post-drenching of <i>Ifr</i> treatments, larvae were assessed for percent mortality, size differences, and effect of treatments in reducing feeding damage to the plant root biomass compared to the controls. Topical spray applications caused 13 and 19% mortality in larvae and adults after 7 days compared to none in the control after 14 days, respectively. Adults feeding on a single <i>Ifr</i> treated leaf for 24 h consumed less than the control, and resulted in 100% mortality 35 days post-treatment compared to 33% in the untreated control. Although offered fresh, untreated leaves after 24 h, only adults in the control group consumed them. <i>Ifr</i> CFUs g<sup>-1</sup> were isolated 8.5-10.5 cm below the sand surface for the 1000 and 1500 mL drench rates only, resulting in 2%-4% larval mortality. For all the <i>Ifr</i> drench treatments, no differences were observed in percent larval mortality and size or the effect of treatments in reducing feeding damage to the plant root biomass compared to the controls. These results suggest that the foliar application of <i>Ifr</i> may be an efficient biocontrol strategy for managing adult populations of <i>D. abbreviatus</i>; potential alternative larval management strategies are discussed.
Design and Evaluation of a Reconfigurable Stacked Active Bridge DC–DC Converter for Efficient Wide Load Range Operation (2018)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a large-step-down soft-switched dc-dc converter based on the active bridge technique, which overcomes some of the limitations of the conventional dual active bridge converter. The topology comprises a double-stacked bridge inverter coupled to a reconfigurable rectifier through a special three-winding leakage transformer. This particular combination of stages enables the converter to run in an additional low-power mode that greatly increases light-load efficiency by reducing core loss and extending the zero-voltage switching range. The converter is implemented with a single compact magnetic component, providing power combining, isolation, voltage transformation, and energy transfer inductance. A 175 kHz, 300 W, 380-12 V GaN-based prototype converter achieves 95.9% efficiency at full load, a peak efficiency of 97.0%, an efficiency above 92.7% down to 10% load, and an efficiency above 79.8% down to 3.3% load.
SYNFI: Pre-Silicon Fault Analysis of an Open-Source Secure Element (2022)

Fault attacks are active, physical attacks that an adversary can leverage to alter the control-flow of embedded devices to gain access to sensitive information or bypass protection mechanisms. Due to the severity of these attacks, manufacturers deploy hardware-based fault defenses into security-critical systems, such as secure elements. The development of these countermeasures is a challenging task due to the complex interplay of circuit components and because contemporary design automation tools tend to optimize inserted structures away, thereby defeating their purpose. Hence, it is critical that such countermeasures are rigorously verified post-synthesis. As classical functional verification techniques fall short of assessing the effectiveness of countermeasures, developers have to resort to methods capable of injecting faults in a simulation testbench or into a physical chip. However, developing test sequences to inject faults in simulation is an error-prone task and performing fault attacks on a chip requires specialized equipment and is incredibly time-consuming. To that end, this paper introduces SYNFI, a formal pre-silicon fault verification framework that operates on synthesized netlists. SYNFI can be used to analyze the general effect of faults on the input-output relationship in a circuit and its fault countermeasures, and thus enables hardware designers to assess and verify the effectiveness of embedded countermeasures in a systematic and semi-automatic way. To demonstrate that SYNFI is capable of handling unmodified, industry-grade netlists synthesized with commercial and open tools, we analyze OpenTitan, the first open-source secure element. In our analysis, we identified critical security weaknesses in the unprotected AES block, developed targeted countermeasures, reassessed their security, and contributed these countermeasures back to the OpenTitan repository.
Anatomy of adenosine A2Areceptors in brain (2003)

A2A adenosine receptors (A(2A)Rs) are expressed with the greatest abundance in the striatum and other nuclei of the basal ganglia. The segregated expression of A(2A)Rs on the GABAergic striatopallidal medium spiny neurons, where A(2A)R and D2 dopamine receptor mRNAs are colocalized, and the opposing functional interaction between adenosine and dopamine suggest that A(2A)Rs may be an important therapeutic target. To further explore the role of A(2A)Rs in the synaptic organization of the basal ganglia, the authors developed an antibody directed against the purified A(2A)R. Immunohistochemical studies in rat brain showed dense labeling of the neuropil in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercles with lighter labeling of terminals in the globus pallidus (GP), where A(2A)R transcript is not detected. Stimulation of A(2A)Rs on GP terminals may facilitate GABAergic signaling and contribute to the overactivation observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). Analysis at the ultrastructural level allowed a more detailed characterization of the mechanism(s) of A2A-mediated control of striatal output. In the striatum, terminals expressing A(2A)Rs accounted for 25% of the labeled elements. These presynaptic receptors may facilitate excitatory glutamatergic, inhibitory GABAergic, and possibly cholinergic striatal transmission. However, the majority of striatal A(2A)R immunoreactivity was found on postsynaptic elements, including dendrites of striatopallidal neurons, in which A(2A)R and GABA immunoreactivity is colocalized. Activation of these receptors may promote GABAergic signaling in striatopallidal output neurons and their local axon collaterals in the striatum. Many of the A2A-labeled dendrites were contacted by terminals forming asymmetric (excitatory) possibly glutamatergic synapses. Using the vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) as markers of glutamatergic terminals, the authors have found that VGLUT1-immunoreactive (ir) terminals make asymmetric contacts on A2A-ir spines and spine heads in the striatum, suggesting that regulation of striatal output by A(2A)R stimulation may involve facilitation of the cortical glutamatergic excitatory input to striatopallidal neurons. These ultrastructural findings suggest several pathways through which A2A receptor blockade may act to dampen the elevated striatopallidal GABAergic signaling that occurs in PD.
Spatial misregistration of vascular flow during MR imaging of the CNS: cause and clinical significance. (1990)

Spatial misregistration of signal recovered from flowing spins within vascular structures is a common phenomenon seen in MR imaging of the CNS. The condition is displayed as a bright line or dot offset from the true anatomic location of the lumen of the imaged vessel. Its origin is the time delay between application of the phase- and frequency-encoding gradients used to locate spins within the plane of section. The principal condition necessary for the production of spatial misregistration is flow oblique to the axis of the phase-encoding gradient. Flow-related enhancement (entry slice phenomenon), even-echo rephasing, and gradient-moment nulling contribute to the production of the bright signal of spatial misregistration. Familiarity with the typical appearance of flow-dependent spatial misregistration permits confirmation of a vessel's patency; identification of the direction of flow; estimation of the velocity of flow; and differentiation of this flow artifact from atheromas, dissection, intraluminal clot, and artifacts such as chemical shift.
Microgel photonics and lab on fiber technology for advanced label-free fiber optic nanoprobes (2016)

We experimentally demonstrate a novel optical fiber label free optrode platform resulting from the integration between two rapidly emerging technologies such as Lab-on-Fiber Technology (LOFT) and Microgel Photonics (MPs). The device consists of a microgel (MG) layer painted on a metallic slabs supporting plasmonic resonances, directly integrated on the optical fiber tip. A molecular binding event induces significant changes in the MG layer thickness (and consequently in its 'equivalent' refractive index) resulting in an evident wavelength shift of the resonant feature. As a case of study, glucose-responsive MGs have been synthesized by incorporating into the gel matrix boronic acid moieties, whose interaction with glucose rules the driving forces for gel swelling. Our results pave the way for new technological routes aimed to develop advanced label free fiber optic nanoprobes.
A Band-Limited Active Damping Circuit With 13 dB Power Supply Resonance Reduction (2008)

The impedance of a microprocessor power-delivery network peaks at ~140 MHz, resulting in power-grid resonance, which lowers operating frequency and compromises gate oxide integrity. A suppression circuit is designed using an active-damping technique with a maximum of 13 dB supply voltage noise reduction from 70 to 250 MHz in a 90 nm CMOS process.
The Zoonotic Tuberculosis Syndemic: A Literature Review and Analysis of the Scientific Journals Covering a Multidisciplinary Field That Includes Clinical Medicine, Animal Science, Wildlife Management, Bacterial Evolution, and Food Safety (2011)

The article reviews the steadily increasing literature on tuberculosis outbreaks involving Mycobacterium bovis, a bacillus traditionally associated with cattle and dairy products but in fact syndemic in a wide range of other animals including humans. Six major categories of journals cover this story: human infectious diseases and epidemiology, general human medicine, general veterinary practice, veterinary management of zoonoses and wildlife diseases, major multiscience journals, and microbiology. The journal literature is highly concentrated: Twelve high-impact journals account for more than half the citations, while sixty-seven others account for the remainder. While the incidence of food-borne TB has declined in most of the economically developed Western world, there remains a serious potential for dairy-based flares along the U.S.–Mexican border, for venison-associated outbreaks at the U.S.–Canadian border, and for continuing infection of herds in the United Kingdom due to a stubborn residual pool of infected grazing lands. While the consumption of unpasteurized raw milk and artisanal cheeses is generally inadvisable in many parts of the world, small-scale organic dairy farmers in economically developed countries who are particularly scrupulous in maintaining the health of their herds and cleanliness of the production process pose only a limited threat to public health, although occasional small-scale outbreaks will inevitably occur without pasteurization. However, in poorer countries, and especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, the confluence of wildlife, cattle, dairy operations, and rampant TB involving HIV/AIDS-compromised farm workers and consumers has created a nightmare cycle of infection and reinfection.
Compressible Gas Flow Through Smooth and Rough Microchannels (2001)

Abstract This paper presents an experimental investigation on compressible gas flow through microchannels with a constant area, rectangular cross-section. The microchannels are etched into silicon wafers, capped with smooth glass, and have hydraulic diameters between 4 and 100 μm. All measurements were made in the laminar flow regime with Reynolds numbers ranging from 0.02 to 1000. Smooth channels were obtained by etching (100) silicon wafers with potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. Rough channel surfaces were obtained by etching (110) silicon wafers with KOH. The investigation shows that the friction factor for both smooth and rough microchannels compares closely with continuum theory.
OKpi: All-KPI Network Slicing Through Efficient Resource Allocation (2020)

Networks can now process data as well as transporting it; it follows that they can support multiple services, each requiring different key performance indicators (KPIs). Because of the former, it is critical to efficiently allocate network and computing resources to provide the required services, and, because of the latter, such decisions must jointly consider all KPIs targeted by a service. Accounting for newly introduced KPIs (e.g., availability and reliability) requires tailored models and solution strategies, and has been conspicuously neglected by existing works, which are instead built around traditional metrics like throughput and latency. We fill this gap by presenting a novel methodology and resource allocation scheme, named OKpi, which enables high-quality selection of radio points of access as well as VNF (Virtual Network Function) placement and data routing, with polynomial computational complexity. OKpi accounts for all relevant KPIs required by each service, and for any available resource from the fog to the cloud. We prove several important properties of OKpi and evaluate its performance in two real-world scenarios, finding it to closely match the optimum.
Berichtigung: Trap Inlaid Cationic Hybrid Composite Material for Efficient Segregation of Toxic Chemicals from Water (2022)

In this Research Article, the name of one author (Yogeshwer D. More) was spelled incorrectly. The correct spelling of the name of the author should read as follows: Yogeshwar D. More In addition, a footnote including a statement for equal contribution of two authors was missing. The correct author line and affiliations should read as follows: Sahel Fajal,[a] Writakshi Mandal,[a] Samraj Mollick,[a,+] Yogeshwar D. More,[a,+] Arun Torris,[b] Satyam Saurabh,[a] Mandar M. Shirolkar,[c] and Sujit K. Ghosh*[a] [a] Department of Chemistry, and Centre for Water Research, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008 (India) [b] Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008 (India) [c] Symbiosis Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (SCNN), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune 412115 (India) [+] These authors contributed equally to this work.
Experimental Validation of a Computerized Tool for Face Hobbed Gear Contact and Tensile Stress Analysis (2007)

While face milled gears have been widely analyzed, about face hobbed ones only very few studies have been developed and presented. Goal of this paper is to propose the validation of an accurate tool, which was presented by the authors in previous works, aimed to the computerized design of face hobbed gears. Firstly, the mathematical model able to compute detailed gear tooth surface representation on both spiral and hypoid gears will be briefly recalled; then, the so obtained 3D tooth geometry is employed as input for an advanced contact solver that, using a hybrid method combining finite element technique with semianalytical solutions, is able to efficiently carry out both contact analysis under light or heavy loads and stress tensile calculation. The validation analyses will be carried on published aerospace face hobbed spiral bevel gear data comparing measurements of root and fillet stresses. Good agreement with experimental results both in the time scale and in magnitude will be revealed.
A precise computational approach to knowledge (2006)

The seminal work of Goldwasser, Micali and Rackoff put forward a computational approach to knowledge in interactive systems, providing the foundation of modern Cryptography. Their notion bounds the knowledge of a player in terms of his potential computational power (technically defined as polynomial-time computation). 
In this thesis, we put forward a stronger notion that precisely bounds the knowledge gained by a player in an interaction in terms of the actual computation he has performed (which can be considerably less than any arbitrary polynomial-time computation). 
Our approach not only remains valid even if P=NP , but is most meaningful when modeling knowledge of computationally easy properties. As such, it broadens the applicability of Cryptography and weakens the complexity theoretic assumptions on which Cryptography can be based.
Treatment of Raw Cotton Fibers with Cellulases for Nonwoven Fabrics (2008)

Enzymatic treatment of fabrics is known to have a negative impact on the fabrics' tensile characteristics. The strength loss problems would be more severe in the case of nonwovens, since cellulase could attack bonded areas of the fabric. To prevent the fabric strength loss, a study was undertaken to treat cotton fibers as opposed to the final fabric. Raw cotton fibers were hydrolyzed with Cellusoft L and endoglucanase without a cellulose— binding domain. Factors such as the reducing end group, fiber length and tenacity were followed throughout the enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed that if the concentration of Cellusoft L cellulase mixture was minimized to 0.25 % owf, extensive weakening of cotton fibers could be prevented. Endoglucanase demonstrated a moderate reduction in fiber strength; most of the reduction occurred at the beginning of hydrolysis. The concentration of reducing ends was observed to have a maximum for both enzyme solutions. The location of enzymatic attack and changes in surface morphology were monitored by Congo red staining and scanning electron microscope, respectively.