gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polygenic association with severity and long-term outcome in eating disorder cases (2022)

About 20% of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) remain chronically ill. Therefore, early identification of poor outcome could improve care. Genetic research has identified regions of the genome associated with AN. Patients with anorexia nervosa were identified via the Swedish eating disorder quality registers Stepwise and Riksät and invited to participate in the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative. First, we associated genetic information longitudinally with eating disorder severity indexed by scores on the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA) in 2843 patients with lifetime AN with or without diagnostic migration to other forms of eating disorders followed for up to 16 years (mean = 5.3 years). Second, we indexed the development of a severe and enduring eating disorder (SEED) by a high CIA score plus a follow-up time ≥5 years. We associated individual polygenic scores (PGSs) indexing polygenic liability for AN, schizophrenia, and body mass index (BMI) with severity and SEED. After multiple testing correction, only the BMI PGS when calculated with traditional clumping and p value thresholding was robustly associated with disorder severity (β<sub>PGS</sub> = 1.30; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.88; p = 1.2 × 10<sup>-5</sup>) across all p value thresholds at which we generated the PGS. However, using the alternative PGS calculation method PRS-CS yielded inconsistent results for all PGS. The positive association stands in contrast to the negative genetic correlation between BMI and AN. Larger discovery GWASs to calculate PGS will increase power, and it is essential to increase sample sizes of the AN GWASs to generate clinically meaningful PGS as adjunct risk prediction variables. Nevertheless, this study provides the first evidence of potential clinical utility of PGSs for eating disorders.
ChemInform Abstract: Inorganic Ammonium Salts as Catalysts for Direct Aldol Reactions in the Presence of Water. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electrical drives for railway traction: observer for friction force estimation (2003)

High speed trains are characterized by high specific power of railway convoys. These trains are designed to run always transmitting the maximum traction effort to the wheel: this condition introduces problems of adhesion and implies a careful analysis of adhesion and skidding phenomena. It is possible to guarantee the maximum traction effort transmission if the friction force can be identified and if adequate control systems of the drive are utilized. To set up anti-skidding control algorithms it is necessary to know at the macroscopic level, and to define, an analytical characterization of the adhesion phenomenon and the skidding which occurs. In the paper a method for the identification of friction force is proposed. The identification is realized by means of an observer carried out from the mathematical model of the physical system and of the driving motor. The observer is described and the results of some simulation tests are discussed.
Translation Control: A Multifaceted Regulator of Inflammatory Response (2010)

A robust innate immune response is essential to the protection of all vertebrates from infection, but it often comes with the price tag of acute inflammation. If unchecked, a runaway inflammatory response can cause significant tissue damage, resulting in myriad disorders, such as dermatitis, toxic shock, cardiovascular disease, acute pelvic and arthritic inflammatory diseases, and various infections. To prevent such pathologies, cells have evolved mechanisms to rapidly and specifically shut off these beneficial inflammatory activities before they become detrimental. Our review of recent literature, including our own work, reveals that the most dominant and common mechanism is translational silencing, in which specific regulatory proteins or complexes are recruited to cis-acting RNA structures in the untranslated regions of single or multiple mRNAs that code for the inflammatory protein(s). Enhancement of the silencing function may constitute a novel pharmacological approach to prevent immunity-related inflammation.
Composition Optimization and Device Understanding of Si-Ge-As-Te Ovonic Threshold Switch Selector with Excellent Endurance (2019)

In this work we explore the composition space of the Ovonic Threshold Switch (OTS) selector device based on Si-Ge-As-Te material system. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) co-sputtering capabilities enabled the tuning of the As/Te ratio, Ge and Si content to increase the crystallization temperature TX>450°C. Guided by ab initio calculations, we optimize the composition and achieve stable endurance characteristics of more than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> cycles on 65nm devices fabricated on 300mm wafers. Finally, we propose a switching model that can predict the statistical distribution of the threshold voltage (VTH), explaining V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> drift and time-dependent instabilities.
Conditional Sojourn times and the volatility of payment schemes for bandwidth sharing in packet networks (2015)

Predictability of revenue and costs to both operators and users is critical for payment schemes. We study the issue of the design of payment schemes in networks with bandwidth sharing. The model we consider is a processor sharing system that is accessed by various classes of users with different processing requirements or file sizes. The users are charged according to a Vickrey–Clarke–Groves mechanism because of its efficiency and fairness when logarithmic utility functions are involved. Subject to a given mean revenue for the operator, we study whether it is preferable for a user to pay upon arrival, depending on the congestion level, or whether the user should opt to pay at the end. This leads to a study of the volatility of payment schemes and we show that opting for prepayment is preferable from a user point of view. The analysis yields new results on the asymptotic behavior of conditional response times for processor sharing systems and connections to associated orthogonal polynomials.
Confined Pt11+ Water Clusters in a MOF Catalyze the Low‐Temperature Water–Gas Shift Reaction with both CO2 Oxygen Atoms Coming from Water (2018)

Abstract The synthesis and reactivity of single metal atoms in a low‐valence state bound to just water, rather than to organic ligands or surfaces, is a major experimental challenge. Herein, we show a gram‐scale wet synthesis of Pt 1 1+ stabilized in a confined space by a crystallographically well‐defined first water sphere, and with a second coordination sphere linked to a metal–organic framework (MOF) through electrostatic and H‐bonding interactions. The role of the water cluster is not only isolating and stabilizing the Pt atoms, but also regulating the charge of the metal and the adsorption of reactants. This is shown for the low‐temperature water–gas shift reaction (WGSR: CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2 ), where both metal coordinated and H‐bonded water molecules trigger a double water attack mechanism to CO and give CO 2 with both oxygen atoms coming from water. The stabilized Pt 1+ single sites allow performing the WGSR at temperatures as low as 50 °C.
Systematic design and experimental demonstration of transmission-type multiplexed acoustic meta-holograms (2021)

Acoustic holograms have promising applications in sound-field reconstruction, particle manipulation, ultrasonic haptics and therapy. This paper reports on the theoretical, numerical, and experimental investigation of multiplexed acoustic holograms at both audio and ultrasonic frequencies via a rationally designed transmission-type acoustic metamaterial. The proposed meta-hologram is composed of two Fabry-Perot resonant channels per unit cell, which enables the simultaneous modulation of the transmitted amplitude and phase at two desired frequencies. In contrast to conventional acoustic metamaterial-based holograms, the design strategy proposed here, provides a new degree of freedom (frequency) that can actively tailor holograms that are otherwise completely passive and hence significantly enhances the information encoded in acoustic metamaterials. To demonstrate the multiplexed acoustic metamaterial, we first show the projection of two different high-quality meta-holograms at 14 kHz and 17 kHz, with the patterns of the letters, N and S. We then demonstrate two-channel ultrasound focusing and annular beams generation for the incident ultrasonic frequencies of 35 kHz and 42.5 kHz. These multiplexed acoustic meta-holograms offer a technical advance to tackle the rising challenges in the fields of acoustic metamaterials, architectural acoustics, and medical ultrasound.
A Series of Diaryltriazines and Diarylpyrimidines Are Highly Potent Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors with Possible Applications as Microbicides (2004)

An in vitro model of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MO-DC) and CD4(+) T cells, representing the primary targets of sexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, was used to evaluate the antiviral and immune suppressive activity of new classes of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, diaryltriazines (DATAs) and diarylpyrimidines (DAPYs), compared to the reference compounds UC-781 and PMPA. Antiviral activity (as reflected by the 50% effective concentration [EC(50)]) was determined by treating HIV-infected MO-DC/CD4(+)-T-cell cocultures with a dose range of a compound during 14 days, followed by analysis of supernatants in HIV p24 antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A limited, 24-h treatment evaluated the compounds as microbicides. Viral rescue was evaluated in a PCR by monitoring proviral DNA in secondary cultures with phytohemagglutinin-interleukin-2 blasts. We determined 50% immunosuppressive concentrations in mixed leukocyte cultures of MO-DC and allogeneic T cells, with compound either continuously present or present only during the first 24 h. The EC(50) values of DATA and DAPY compounds ranged from 0.05 to 3 nM compared to 50 nM for UC-781 and 89 nM for PMPA. When evaluated in the "microbicide" setting, the most potent compounds completely blocked HIV infection at 10 to 100 nM. The immunosuppressive concentrations were well above the EC(50), resulting in favorable therapeutic indices for all compounds tested. The DATA and DAPY compounds described here are more potent than earlier reverse transcriptase inhibitors and show favorable pharmacological profiles in vitro. They could strengthen the antiretroviral armamentarium and might be useful as microbicides.
METAL NANOTEL KAPLAMALI ISITILABİLİR KUMAŞ (2017)

Başvuru konusu buluş; kumaşların nefes almasına izin veren, esnekliğini bozmayan ve kullanım alanlarını kısıtlamayan gümüş nanotellerle daldırmalı kaplama yöntemiyle kumaşlar üzerinde üç boyutlu bir kaplama elde edilmesi ve bu kaplamaların uygulanan voltaj ile ısıtılabilmesi ile ilgilidir.
Multinuclear NMR studies of mixedCa1−xSrxF2crystals (2008)

The local environments of fluorine and calcium ions in ${\text{Ca}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Sr}}_{x}{\text{F}}_{2}$ single crystals have been studied using $^{19}\text{F}$ and $^{43}\text{C}\text{a}$ magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopies. The fluorine speciation is found to depend on both the distribution of cations (Ca and Sr) around each fluorine site in the fluorite lattice, as well as fluctuations in the ionic character of bonding between fluorine and these cations. The natural abundance $^{43}\text{C}\text{a}$ MAS NMR results show a clear relation between $^{43}\text{C}\text{a}$ chemical shielding and bond distances in halides, with increasing shielding as the fluorite lattice expands and Ca-F distances lengthen. When taken together, the results from $^{19}\text{F}$ and $^{43}\text{C}\text{a}$ NMR are consistent with a random substitution of Sr for Ca in the mixed fluoride system.
Multimoment fluid simulations of transport processes in the auroral zones (1988)

We have performed multimoment, time-dependent, and steady state multifluid plasma simulations to study the equilibria and dynamics of the auroral field line plasma in the presence of upward and downward field-aligned currents and anomalous transport processes. This work is intended to provide experience in the use of generalized fluid models developed for use in the study of large-scale magnetospheric-ionospheric dynamics. The results of the auroral field line studies and practical issues arising from the use of the multimoment models are reviewed and discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorin‐Based Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Dimers with Amide Linkages: Effect of the Substituents on Photodynamic and Photophysical Properties. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A fully-staring THz video camera with wide field-of-view and close-looking optics (2020)

We present a passive, fully-staring THz imaging system for security screening purposes. The camera is equipped with a multi-kilo-pixel detector array of kinetic inductance bolometers, cryogenics operating above 5 K, and a multiplexed low-noise electronics to readout the whole detector array. After briefly describing the system, we concentrate on the optical system of the instrument. We discuss the trade-offs related to the optics and justify the adopted lens material and design. Furthermore, we show measurement results characterizing the related optical performance.
Stem Cells in Skeletal Tissue Engineering: Technologies and Models (2015)

This review surveys the use of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells in skeletal tissue engineering. Specific emphasis is focused on evaluating the function and activities of these cells in the context of development in vivo, and how technologies and methods of stem cell-based tissue engineering for stem cells must draw inspiration from developmental biology. Information on the embryonic origin and in vivo differentiation of skeletal tissues is first reviewed, to shed light on the persistence and activities of adult stem cells that remain in skeletal tissues after embryogenesis. Next, the development and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is discussed, and some of their advantages and disadvantages in the context of tissue engineering are presented. The final section highlights current use of multipotent adult mesenchymal stem cells, reviewing their origin, differentiation capacity, and potential applications to tissue engineering.
Effect of Cationic and Anionic Surfactants on the Application of Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles in Paper Coating (2014)

Modification of calcium carbonate particles with surfactant significantly improves the properties of the calcium carbonate coating on paper. In this study, unmodified and CTAB (hexadecyltetramethylammonium bromide)- and oleate-modified calcium carbonate nanoparticles were prepared using the wet carbonation technique for paper coating. CTAB (cationic surfactant) and sodium oleate (anionic surfactant) were used to modify the size, morphology, and surface properties of the precipitated nanoparticles. The obtained particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Coating colors were formulated from the prepared unmodified and modified calcium carbonates and examined by creating a thin coating layer on reference paper. The effect of calcium carbonate particle size and surface modification on paper properties, such as coating thickness, coating weight, surface roughness, air permeability, brightness, whiteness, opacity, and hydrophobicity, were investigated and compared with commercial ground (GCC) calcium carbonate-coated papers. The results show that the obtained calcium carbonate nanoparticles are in the calcite phase. The morphology of the prepared calcium carbonate nanoparticles is rhombohedral, and the average particle diameter is less than 100 nm. Compared to commercial GCC, the use of unmodified and CTAB- and oleate-modified calcium carbonate nanoparticles in paper coating improves the properties of paper. The highest measured paper properties were observed for paper coated with oleate-modifed nanoparticles, where an increase in smoothness (decrease in paper roughness) (+23%), brightness (+1.3%), whiteness (+2.8%), and opacity (+2.3%) and a decrease in air permeability (-26%) was obtained with 25% less coat weight. The water contact angle at a drop age time of 10 min was about 112° for the paper coated with oleate-modified nanoparticles and 42° for paper coated with CTAB-modified nanoparticles compared to 104° for GCC-coated paper.
Evaluating the Sealing Performance of Plug and Abandonment Cement Systems Under Downhole Conditions (2023)

Summary Microannuli are an important cause of post-abandonment seepage along abandonment plugs set in wells. Autogenous cement shrinkage, occurring when the cement sets, is a contributing factor to the formation of such flaws. Cement shrinkage and its potentially deleterious effects can be mitigated by using a properly designed and placed expanding cement system. Reliable evaluation of cement plugs’ sealing performance requires testing under elevated temperature and pressure conditions representative for downhole conditions. In this contribution, two laboratory setups designed for this purpose are described, namely (i) small-scale tests on 2-in. plugs and (ii) large-scale tests on 8-in. plugs. In both setups, plugs are cured and tested under downhole conditions inside sections of steel pipes. These pipes are equipped with lateral pressure-temperature sensors, which allow the recording of stresses that develop on the cement-steel interface when the hydrating cement plug expands. Using this bespoke cement testing equipment, a strong positive correlation was found between the amount of interface stress buildup and the sealing performance of the set cement plug against gas flow. This demonstrates that cement systems that expand effectively under downhole conditions can reduce post-plug and abandonmen (P&amp;A) seepage risks. While providing valuable insight, the 2-in. and 8-in. plug setups are labor intensive to operate and hence impractical to use in field laboratories for cement slurry verification. Unfortunately, standard industry methodologies to verify the effectiveness of the cement expansion additives (CEAs) do not take into account in-situ well conditions. To allow the industry to still evaluate cement plug sealing performance with low complexity while maintaining reliability, a conventional ultrasonic cement analyzer (UCA) was modified to enable simultaneous measurement of interface stress development. Similar to the 2-in. and 8-in. plug sealing evaluation setups, this modified UCA vessel was equipped with a lateral pressure-temperature sensor, to monitor interface stress between the cement and vessel wall with time. For this contribution, multiple cement slurries were cured and evaluated in the 2-in. and 8-in. plug evaluation setups, as well as in this newly developed modified UCA vessel. Strong correlations were found among the stress buildups in all three setups. This enables the modified UCA test results to be used as a proxy for sealing performance of P&amp;A cement plugs under downhole conditions.
Compressive Sampling [From the Guest Editors] (2008)

The ten articles in this special section provide the reader with specific insights into the basic theory, capabilities, and limitations of compressed sensing (CS). The papers are summarized here.
Impact of fluid status and inflammation and their interaction on survival: a study in an international hemodialysis patient cohort (2017)

In hemodialysis patients extracellular fluid overload is a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and a relation with inflammation has been reported in previous studies. The magnitude and nature of this interaction and the effects of moderate fluid overload and extracellular fluid depletion on survival are still unclear. We present the results of an international cohort study in 8883 hemodialysis patients from the European MONDO initiative database where, during a three-month baseline period, fluid status was assessed using bioimpedance and inflammation by C-reactive protein. All-cause mortality was recorded during 12 months of follow up. In a second analysis a three-month baseline period was added to the first baseline period, and changes in fluid and inflammation status were related to all-cause mortality during six-month follow up. Both pre-dialysis estimated fluid overload and fluid depletion were associated with an increased mortality, already apparent at moderate levels of estimated pre-dialysis fluid overload (1.1-2.5L); hazard ratio 1.64 (95% confidence interval 1.35-1.98). In contrast, post-dialysis estimated fluid depletion was associated with a survival benefit (0.74 [0.62-0.90]). The concurrent presence of fluid overload and inflammation was associated with the highest risk of death. Thus, while pre-dialysis fluid overload was associated with inflammation, even in the absence of inflammation, fluid overload remained a significant risk factor for short-term mortality, even following improvement of fluid status.
Le principe de précaution Editions Odile Jacob: la Documentation Française, Paris (2001)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
CCR Translation for This Article from Neural Tumor-Initiating Cells Have Distinct Telomere Maintenance and Can be Safely Targeted for Telomerase Inhibition (2023)

CCR Translation for This Article from Neural Tumor-Initiating Cells Have Distinct Telomere Maintenance and Can be Safely Targeted for Telomerase Inhibition