gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modeling Techniques to Predict Important Aspects of k-Factor Aging of CFC-11 Free Rigid Insulation (1993)

The use of ozone depleting, so-called hard CFCs as blowing agents for rigid PU foams is presently experiencing considerable political and legislative pressure, to such an extent that a complete ban of these substances is expected within the foreseeable future. Consequently, there exists an urgent need for new thermal insulation technologies based on alternative, non-ozone depleting products. Two of the options which are available for these technologies are: (a) A partial or total replacement of CFC-11 by CO 2 . Problems with this approach include severe dimensional stability problems for unfaced foams at high CO 2 levels, as well as a significant deterioration of thermal insulation capacity (k-factor)
Effective capacity in cognitive radio broadcast channels (2014)

In this paper, we investigate effective capacity by modeling a cognitive radio broadcast channel with one secondary transmitter (ST) and two secondary receivers (SRs) under quality-of-service constraints and interference power limitations. We initially describe three different cooperative channel sensing strategies with different hard-decision combining algorithms at the ST, namely OR, Majority, and AND rules. Since the channel sensing occurs with possible errors, we consider a combined interference power constraint by which the transmission power of the secondary users (SUs) is bounded when the channel is sensed as both busy and idle. Furthermore, regarding the channel sensing decision and its correctness, there exist possibly four different transmission scenarios. We provide the instantaneous ergodic capacities of the channel between the ST and each SR in all of these scenarios. Granting that transmission outage arises when the instantaneous transmission rate is greater than the instantaneous ergodic capacity, we establish two different transmission rate policies for the SUs when the channel is sensed as idle. One of these policies features a greedy approach disregarding a possible transmission outage, and the other favors a precautious manner to prevent this outage. Subsequently, we determine the effective capacity region of this channel model, and we attain the power allocation policies that maximize this region. Finally, we present the numerical results. We first show the superiority of Majority rule when the channel sensing results are good. Then, we illustrate that a greedy transmission rate approach is more beneficial for the SUs under strict interference power constraints, whereas sending with lower rates will be more advantageous under loose interference constraints. Finally, we note that the methodology and the approach we consider in this study can be easily applied into a more general cognitive radio broadcast channel model with more than two SRs.
Pulsed Modulation PHY for Power Efficient Optical Wireless Communication (2019)

Most literature on the physical layer (PHY) for optical wireless communication (OWC) considers the down-link from lighting infrastructure to mobile devices, and focuses on achieving high data rates by combining large bandwidth and high spectral efficiency. However, some applications, such as the corresponding up-link, device-to-device (D2D) communication, and Internet of Things (IoT), rely on energy-efficient transmission due to limited battery power. According to Shannon's theorem, this can be achieved through using a large bandwidth with power-efficient modulation. The IEEE P802.15.13 task group recently defined the pulsed modulation (PM) PHY with these objectives in mind. The key is to enable robust synchronization and header detection by means of binary modulation. Block-based transmission with a cyclic prefix (CP) and frequency domain equalization (FDE) are used to enable a large bandwidth. In this paper, we present a thorough performance evaluation of the PM PHY. It is demonstrated that, by using an advanced synchronization scheme and FDE, packets can reliably be transmitted at clock rates up to 200 MHz over line-of-sight (LOS) and strong multi-path OWC channels considered typical for industrial wireless scenarios.
<sup>18</sup>F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake Level-Based Lymph Node Staging in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Cancer - Role of Molecular Marker Expression on Diagnostic Outcome (2015)

SUV level-based (18)F-FDG-PET/CT lymph node assessment in OSCC still has to be considered as the most established and reliable staging tool. Lymph node molecular marker expression profiles need to be investigated further as they currently do not sufficiently contribute to therapy decision-making.
Host–guest chemistry of rotaxanes and catenanes: application of a polarizable all-atom force field to cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) complexes with disubstituted benzenes and biphenyls † (1999)

Modeling of host–guest complexes of cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) with benzidine, biphenol, 1,4-diaminobenzene, and benzohydroquinone in the gas-phase and in liquid CH3CN solution with molecular mechanics and Monte Carlo statistical mechanics has been performed. The complexes are important structural elements for a wide variety of self-assembling rotaxanes and catenanes with prospective use in nanoscale devices. However, their highly charged nature presents potential challenges for accurate modeling. In particular, the need for explicit polarization has been considered through computation of association energies using an all-atom force field with and without non-additive electrostatic polarization terms. The effect of including PF6– counterions has also been addressed. Polarization generally strengthens the gas-phase interactions, but has modest effects on the structures of the complexes and on the relative free energies of binding in solution, which are in reasonable agreement with experimental data.
Vanadium (2007)

The first comprehensive resource on the chemistry of vanadium, Vanadium: Chemistry, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Practical Applications has evolved from over a quarter century of research that concentrated on delineating the aqueous coordination reactions that characterize the vanadium(V) oxidation state. The authors distill information o
Stateless and Scalable Network Slice Identification for SRv6 (2021)

This document defines a stateless and scalable solution to achieve
network slicing with SRv6.
Biomimetic Diselenide‐Bridged Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles as an X‐ray‐Responsive Biodegradable Carrier for Chemo‐Immunotherapy (2020)

Chemotherapy causes off-target toxicity and is often ineffective against solid tumors. Targeted and on-demand release of chemotherapeutics remains a challenge. Here, cancer-cell-membrane-coated mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs) containing X-ray- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive diselenide bonds for controlled release of doxorubicin (DOX) at tumor sites are developed. DOX-loaded MONs coated with 4T1 breast cancer cell membranes (CM@MON@DOX) show greater accumulation at tumor sites and prolonged blood circulation time versus an uncoated control in mice bearing 4T1 orthotopic mammary tumors. Under low-dose X-ray radiation, the DOX-loaded MONs exhibit carrier degradation-controlled release via cleavage of diselenide bonds, resulting in DOX-mediated immunogenic cell death at the tumor site. Combination with a PD-L1 checkpoint blockade further enhances inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis with low systemic toxicity. Together, the findings show the promise of these biomimetic, radiation-responsive diselenide-bond-bridged MONs in chemo-immunotherapy.
Data from A Novel Engineered Anti-CD20 Tracer Enables Early Time PET Imaging in a Humanized Transgenic Mouse Model of B-cell Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The aim of this article was to evaluate the use of a novel engineered anti-CD20 protein based on the 10 kDa human fibronectin type 3 domain (FN3) and subsequently compare with &lt;sup&gt;64&lt;/sup&gt;Cu-rituximab for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of CD20.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The engineered FN3&lt;sub&gt;CD20&lt;/sub&gt; and FN3&lt;sub&gt;WT&lt;/sub&gt; were produced in &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; cells at 2 to 5 mg/L, conjugated to DOTA, labeled with &lt;sup&gt;64&lt;/sup&gt;Cu, and used for PET imaging of huCD20 expression in B cells. Humanized transgenic mice and subcutaneously xenografted mice each received intravenous &lt;sup&gt;64&lt;/sup&gt;Cu-FN3&lt;sub&gt;CD20&lt;/sub&gt; or FN3&lt;sub&gt;WT&lt;/sub&gt; (3.7 MBq/4 μg Do-FN3 in 200 μL PBS). Control group received a blocking dose (50-fold excess) of unconjugated FN3&lt;sub&gt;CD20&lt;/sub&gt; two hours before radiotracer injection. PET imaging was carried out at 1 to 24 hours postinjections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; assay demonstrated FN3 binds CD20 with 20 nmol/L affinity on CD20-expressing cells. &lt;sup&gt;64&lt;/sup&gt;Cu-FN3&lt;sub&gt;CD20&lt;/sub&gt; showed clear, high-contrast visualization of huCD20-expressing B cells in the spleen of transgenic mice as early as 1 hour postinjection [38 ± 3% injected dose (ID)/g] and exhibited a spleen-to-blood ratio of 13 by 4 hours. This is higher uptake (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04) and 10-fold greater signal-to-background (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04) than the &lt;sup&gt;64&lt;/sup&gt;Cu-rituximab antibody radiotracer. Tumor uptake (16.8 ± 1.6 vs. 5.6 ± 1.4%ID/g) and tumor:background ratios were superior for FN3&lt;sub&gt;CD20&lt;/sub&gt; relative to rituximab in xenograft studies as well.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The &lt;sup&gt;64&lt;/sup&gt;Cu-Do-FN3&lt;sub&gt;CD20&lt;/sub&gt; radiotracer represents a novel small, high-affinity binder for imaging human CD20, which may be well suited for B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma imaging in patients at early time points. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(24); 6820–9. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Endothelial cell heterogeneity and microglia regulons revealed by a pig cell landscape at single-cell level (2022)

Pigs are valuable large animal models for biomedical and genetic research, but insights into the tissue- and cell-type-specific transcriptome and heterogeneity remain limited. By leveraging single-cell RNA sequencing, we generate a multiple-organ single-cell transcriptomic map containing over 200,000 pig cells from 20 tissues/organs. We comprehensively characterize the heterogeneity of cells in tissues and identify 234 cell clusters, representing 58 major cell types. In-depth integrative analysis of endothelial cells reveals a high degree of heterogeneity. We identify several functionally distinct endothelial cell phenotypes, including an endothelial to mesenchymal transition subtype in adipose tissues. Intercellular communication analysis predicts tissue- and cell type-specific crosstalk between endothelial cells and other cell types through the VEGF, PDGF, TGF-β, and BMP pathways. Regulon analysis of single-cell transcriptome of microglia in pig and 12 other species further identifies MEF2C as an evolutionally conserved regulon in the microglia. Our work describes the landscape of single-cell transcriptomes within diverse pig organs and identifies the heterogeneity of endothelial cells and evolutionally conserved regulon in microglia.
HPA module for active antenna applications (2010)

Results of a Ku band High Power Amplifier (HPA) module demonstrator based on solid state devices for active antenna application is described in this paper.
Determination of population and alignment of the ground state using two-photon nonresonant excitation (1986)

A method is presented for determining the population A(0)0, the quadrupole alignment factors A(2)0, A(2)1, A(2)2, and the hexadecapole alignment factors A(4)0, A(4)1, A(4)2, A(4)3, A(4)4 for a (v,J) ground state distribution of a diatomic molecule probed by linearly polarized two-photon nonresonant excitation. General expressions are developed for the O, P, Q, R, and S branch transitions as a function of the rotational quantum number J. This treatment assumes that the resonant state reached by the two-photon transition is subsequently detected independent of its alignment. This can be achieved by 2+n multiphoton ionization in which the ionization steps are saturated, or by 2+1 laser induced fluorescence in which the fluorescence is collected independent of its polarization and spatial anisotropy. To extract the population and the eight alignment parameters the line intensities must be measured for several polarization settings of the laser beam. However, when the ground state distribution has cylindrical symmetry, only two alignment parameters are nonvanishing, A(2)0 and A(4)0, and they can be determined at a single polarization setting by comparing the line intensities of the different branches.
Pedicled Bone Flap Formation Using Transplanted Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (2001)

Bone marrow stromal cells can be used to create vascularized bone flaps in mice; these bone constructs are vascularized by their pedicle and therefore can potentially be transferred to a recipient site using microsurgical techniques. These findings provide proof of principle of an additional clinical application of BMSC transplantation techniques.
Mining of Business-Oriented Conversations at a Call Center (2008)

Recently it has become feasible to transcribe textual records from telephone conversations at call centers by using automatic speech recognition. In this research, we extended a text mining system for call summary records and constructed a conversation mining system for the business-oriented conversations at the call center. To acquire useful business insights from the conversational data through the text mining system, it is critical to identify appropriate textual segments and expressions as the viewpoints to focus on. In the analysis of call summary data using a text mining system, some experts defined the viewpoints for the analysis by looking at some sample records and by preparing the dictionaries based on frequent keywords in the sample dataset. However with conversations it is difficult to identify such viewpoints manually and in advance because the target data consists of complete transcripts that are often lengthy and redundant. In this research, we defined a model of the business-oriented conversations and proposed a mining method to identify segments that have impacts on the outcomes of the conversations and can then extract useful expressions in each of these identified segments. In the experiment, we processed the real datasets from a car rental service center and constructed a mining system. With this system, we show the effectiveness of the method based on the defined conversation model.
Bovine Alveolar Macrophages: Phenotypic and Functional Properties of Subpopulations Obtained by Percoll Density Gradient Centrifugation (1986)

Abstract Bronchoalveolar cells retrieved from conventionally raised, healthy calves were separated into four fractions on a discontinuous Percoll density gradient. The alveolar macrophage (AM) subpopulations and nonseparated AM were assayed for such phenotypic markers as la-antigen, ectoenzymes, and immune receptors, as well as for functional activity in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against virus-infected cells, superoxide anion generation, and their influence on lectin-induced lymphocyte proliferation. The low-density fraction was composed of large cells with low la-antigen expression, low ADCC activity, and high ecto-enzyme and C3b-receptor activity. In contrast the high-density fraction contained mainly small, monocytelike cells, with high la expression and low-level expression of most other markers and functions. Two fractions of intermediary density overlapped in most of the characteristics, but could be distinguished on the basis of ADCC activity, interleukin-1 generation, and the level of leucine amino peptidase activity.
Effects of different forms of nitrogen on chlorophyll-a and microcystin production of <i>Microcystis</i> sp. (2011)

利用室内培养实验比较研究了铵氮和硝氮对河北洋河水库微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)生长、叶绿素a合成及产毒的影响.结果显示, 铵氮培养条件下, 在对数生长期, 生物量及叶绿素a含量随铵氮浓度的升高而逐渐增多, 但高铵氮浓度(10.0mg/L)培养条件则下降.藻细胞MCRR含量随铵氮浓度的升高呈波动变化, 高铵氮浓度(10.0mg/L)条件下, 微囊藻毒素含量骤升, 高达6.345×10<sup>-8</sup>μg/cell, 与其他处理组相比有明显差异.硝氮培养条件下, 叶绿素a含量随硝氮浓度的增大呈波动式上升, 各浓度组间差异不显著;藻毒素含量随着硝氮浓度的增加趋于增加, 5.0 mg/L处理组达最大值, 为1.223×10<sup>-8</sup>μg/cell, 但绝对值远小于铵氮处理组.两氮源对藻类生长的影响没有显著差别, 对数生长期, 当氮浓度处于1.5-5.0mg/L时, 随着浓度的增加, 铵氮较利于藻类合成叶绿素;在1.0-10.0mg/L范围内, 铵氮组藻毒素的产量显著大于硝氮组, 铵氮较硝氮更易导致藻细胞合成藻毒素。;Adopting the method of batch culture, the effect of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen at different concentrations on the production of chlorophyll-a and microcystin of Microcystis sp.isolated from Yanghe Reservoir was investigated.Results showed that, when Microcystis sp.was cultured with ammonia nitrogen, contents of chlorophyll-a increased with ammonia nitrogen concen-tration in the logarithmic growth phase.However, the high concentration inhibited the growth of algae cells.The productions of MCRR fluctuated with the increase of ammonia nitrogen concentration.There was a remarkable rise of microcystin productions, reaching to 6.345×10<sup>-8</sup> μg/cell, when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was 10.0 mg/L.This was significantly different with other treatments.When Microcystis sp.was cultured with nitrate nitrogen condition, contents of chlorophyll-a increased undu-lately with the increasing of nitrate nitrogen concentration, and there was no difference among different groups.The productions of microcystin under high concentration increased with the concentration during the logarithmic growth phase.They increased to 1.223×10<sup>-8</sup> μg/cell when the concentration was 5.0 mg/L, and reached the maximum value which was far less than that of the ammonia nitrogen group.There was no significant difference on the growth of algae between the two nitrogen sources.Ammonia ni-trogen was more beneficial to the synthesis of chlorophyll-a in algae cells with nitrogen concentration increasing under lower concen-tration(1.5-5.0 mg/L) during the logarithmic growth phase.The productions of microcystin under ammonia nitrogen condition were far larger than nitrate nitrogen group at the range of 1.0-10.0 mg/L, and there was significant difference among the groups.Overall, ammonia nitrogen was more easily to lead to the secretion of MCRR in algae cells.
Efficient Process Checkpointing through Fine-Grained COW Management in New Memory based Systems (2017)

본 연구에서는 뉴메모리 기반 컴퓨팅 시스템의 신뢰성을 높이기 위해 프로세스 단위로 체크포인팅하는 시스템을 설계하고 구현한다. 프로세스 체크포인팅을 위하여 일반적인 프로세스 실행에서 문맥전환이 일어나는 시점마다 결함이 발생하기 이전의 안전한 상태로 되돌아갈 수 있는 롤백 시점을 만든다. 본 연구에서는 롤백 시점의 안전한 프로세스 상태에 대한 새로운 프로세스를 만들며 이를 P-process(Persistent-process)라고 명명한다. P-process를 만드는 주기를 세밀한 간격인 문맥전환 때마다 만들기 때문에 결함이 발생하였을 때 롤백으로 인한 프로세스 실행시간 손실을 작게 만들 수 있다. P-process를 만드는 오버헤드를 줄이기 위하여 프로세스의 메모리 상태에서 변경된 부분만 저장할 수 있도록 COW(Copy-On-Write) 메커니즘을 이용하였다. 문맥전환 때마다 P-process를 생성하였을 때 PARSEC 벤치마크의 11개 워크로드 중 8개의 워크로드에서 5% 내의 실행 시간 오버헤드가 발생하였으며 오버헤드가 많이 발생한 워크로드도 P-process의 생성 주기의 조정으로 오버헤드를 감소시킬 수 있었다.
An internally matched LTCC 3G W-CDMA 180 watt LDMOS power amplifier (2002)

A wide band CDMA LDMOS power transistor, with internal RF matching and bias networks, fabricated on LTCC (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic) substrates, has been developed. The internally matched packaged device can be configured to deliver output power of 180 watts, while providing third order inter-modulation distortion products less than -40 dBc, 20% efficiency, and 12 dB of gain. The terminal impedances of the packaged LDMOS transistor, at the gate and drain leads respectively, are greater than 5 /spl Omega/. The LTCC elements each contain embedded passive L-C circuitry, forming the input and output matching networks. These networks are designed to transform to a high level of impedance, to the source and load impedance targets required by the devices in order to achieve optimal wide band CDMA performance.
Structures and Functions of Multiligand and Lipoprotein Receptors (1994)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Etude de generateurs aleatoires pour machines cellulaires. Integration d'une retine stochastique opto-electronique (1995)

Parmi differentes approches explorees pour le traitement d'images bas niveau, les algorithmes stochastiques presentent de fortes potentialites. Cependant, les enormes quantites de calculs qu'ils requierent les ont marginalises. Doublant tous les dix-huit mois depuis vingt, la capacite d'integration des technologies cmos ans permet le developpement d'architectures specialisees et par la meme d'accelerer les traitements. La retine electronique est l'une de ces architectures parfaitement adaptees au traitement d'image bas niveau. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette these est d'etudier, de valider le concept de retine stochastique et particulierement de proposer des generateurs aleatoires permettant sa realisation. Dans le premier chapitre, apres une introduction au traitement d'image, la description d'algorithmes avances, en particulier stochastiques, puis d'architectures dediees, conduit a definir la retine stochastique. La generation des signaux aleatoires de facon massivement parallele apparait comme un point clef de cette architecture. Le second chapitre dresse un etat de l'art des retines deterministes puis des methodes electroniques ou optoelectroniques employees pour generer des signaux aleatoires. Le troisieme chapitre decrit un generateur de signaux aleatoires base sur la detection differentielle de speckle optique (dds). Cette approche est validee par des circuits de tests. Le quatrieme chapitre demontre la viabilite de la dds sur un circuit applicatif ; il presente l'algorithme stochastique choisi, la conception du prototype et les tests effectues. Les excellents resultats obtenus conduisent a realiser un circuit de grande dimension. Le chapitre cinq etudie une alternative electronique originale a la generation de signaux aleatoires basee sur un filtre permettant d'obtenir des signaux a distribution gaussienne a partir d'un flot de bits aleatoires. Il decrit egalement une methodologie de selection des automates cellulaires conduisant a des generateurs pseudo-aleatoires performants. La conclusion presente les evolutions potentielles de ces travaux
Deposited Dielectric Profiles in Complex Semiconductor Circuits (1970)

DEPOSITED DIELECTRIC PROFILES-IN COMPLEX SEMICONDUCTOR CIRCUITS Oxide profiles are a critical parameter in a production of reliable multi-layer monolithic circuits. These deposited dielectrics serve to insulate overlapping metal layers while simultaneously allowing fabrication of high density circuitry within a minimized die area. Foremost among the desirable qualities of these dielectrics is their ability to adequately cover both metal and oxide on the flat surfaces of the die as well as over the steps. Poor coverage can result in a variety of catastrophic electrical problems which lead to both expensive and inefficient processing. Until recently the direct observation of integrated circuit surfaces has been limited to optical and metalographic methods. Scanning Electron Microscopy provides a useful means of obtaining the detailed and descriptive information necessary to characterize oxide and metal profiles. Three phases of oxide coverage were studies in this program using the Scanning Electron Microscope: (1) Deposited oxide over thermal oxide (2) Deposited oxide over metal patterns (3) Growth profiles of deposited oxides Phase I has shown how deposited oxide replicates its thermal counterpart. Phase II, on the other hand, has yielded valuable information about the effect of underlying metal profiles on oxide deposition. The details of how deposited oxides establish their final configurations have been demonstrated by varying oxide thickness and observing surface profiles in Phase III.