gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feeding bovine milks with low or high IgA levels is associated with altered re-establishment of murine intestinal microbiota after antibiotic treatment (2016)

Antibiotics are a vital and commonly used therapeutic tool, but their use also results in profound changes in the intestinal microbiota that can, in turn, have significant health consequences. Understanding how the microbiota recovers after antibiotic treatment will help to devise strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of antibiotics. Using a mouse model, we have characterized the changes occurring in the intestinal microbiota immediately after five days exposure to ampicillin, and then at three and fourteen days thereafter. During the fourteen day period of antibiotic recovery, groups of mice were fed either water, cows’ milk containing high levels of IgA, or cows’ milk containing low levels of IgA as their sole source of liquid. Effects on microbiota of feeding milks for 14 days were also assessed in groups of mice that had no ampicillin exposure. Changes in microbiota were measured by high throughput sequencing of the V4 to V6 variable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. As expected, exposure to ampicillin led to profound changes to the types and abundance of bacteria present, along with a loss of diversity. At 14 days following antibiotic exposure, mice fed water had recovered microbiota compositions similar to that prior to antibiotics. However, feeding High-IgA milk to mice that has been exposed to antibiotics was associated with altered microbiota compositions, including increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Barnesiella compared to the start of the study. Mice exposed to antibiotics then fed Low-IgA milk also showed increased Barnesiella at day 14. Mice without antibiotic perturbation, showed no change in their microbiota after 14 days of milk feeding. Overall, these findings add to a knowledge platform for optimizing intestinal function after treatment with antibiotics in the human population.
A 19-bit column-parallel folding-integration/cyclic cascaded ADC with a pre-charging technique for CMOS image sensors (2017)

A high-resolution column-parallel folding-integration/cyclic cascaded (FICC) ADC with a pre-charging technique for CMOS image sensors is presented in this paper. To achieve high-resolution data conversion with multiple sampling, a pre-charging technique is applied to the sampling circuits of the FICC ADC to reduce the influence of incomplete discharging of historical previous samples. This technique effectively reduces differential nonlinearity of the ADC. The prototype chip with 1504 columns FICC ADC array has been implemented and fabricated in 110 nm CMOS technology. The measured DNL of column-parallel FICC ADC with 128 times multiple sampling is −1/4.73 LSBs in sampling speed of 13 KS/s and 19-bit resolution.
Designing a compelling user interface for morphing (2004)

We present a new user interface for the common morphing tool found in animation packages. Previously this interface has been based on the features of the underlying algorithm, with little regard to how artists actually use this feature. By careful design and analysis of a user study, we were able to design a novel user interface that greatly enhances the usability of the morphing tool for animation. Our improvements come in three areas: First, we replicate the artists' own ad-hoc annotation language and interaction techniques in the user interface. Second, we make the user experience more fluid and editable, to support exploration and iteration. Finally, we use the artists' morph expectations to redesign the morph algorithm itself to be more predictable. We conclude by discussing how our user study technique could help other interface design tasks.
Ubrogepant does not induce latent sensitization in a preclinical model of medication overuse headache (2020)

Both ubrogepant and sumatriptan demonstrated efficacy as acute medications for stress- and nitric oxide donor-evoked cephalic allodynia in a preclinical model of medication overuse headache, consistent with their clinical efficacy in the acute treatment of migraine. However, in contrast to sumatriptan, repeated treatment with ubrogepant did not induce cutaneous allodynia or latent sensitization. These studies suggest ubrogepant may offer an effective acute treatment of migraine without risk of medication overuse headache.<b>Trial Registration Number:</b> Not applicable.
Low-temperature processing of PZT thin films by 2.45 GHz microwave heating (2008)

The effect of microwave heating with a frequency of 2.45 GHz on the low-temperature crystallization of Pb(Zr<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>1-x</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> (PZT) films was investigated. PZT thin films were coated on Pt/Ti/SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si substrates by the sol-gel method and then crystallized by single-mode 2.45 GHz microwave irradiation in the magnetic field. The elevated temperature generated by microwave heating used to obtain the perovskite phase was only 450°C, which is significantly lower than that of conventional thermal processing. The PZT films crystallized by microwave heating at 450°C showed similar ferroelectric properties to those of the films crystallized by conventional thermal processing at 600°C. The average remanent polarization and coercive field of the PZT films are approximately 21 µC/cm<sup>2</sup> and 90 kV/cm, respectively. It is clear that single-mode microwave irradiation in the magnetic field is effective for obtaining perovskite PZT thin films at low temperatures.
2636 Synthesize of carbon nano-fiber balls by laser CVD method (2005)

Sphere shaped carbon particles consisted of carbon fiber has a diameter of 20nm to 2000nm, nano-fiber ball (NFB), was synthesized by laser chemical vapor deposition at the high growth rate. An Ar ion laser with the wavelength of 514nm was focused on a Ni coated glass plate in a chamber filled with sulfur-added hydrocarbon gases. Those gases were thermally decomposed in the vicinity of focal spot, and then NFBs were formed at high growth rate. From video camera observations, the growth rate was evaluated about 0.1mm/s. Transmission electron microscope observations of NFBs showed that metal particles with few tens nanometer existed on tip of nano-fibers. This result indicates catalytic growth. We discuss about the growth mechanism of NFBs and dependence of catalysis thickness on NFBs growth.
Mutants of Rat Intestinal Fatty Acid-binding Protein Illustrate the Critical Role Played by Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation in Ligand Binding (1997)

Site-specific variants of rat intestinal fatty acid-binding protein were constructed to identify the molecular interactions that are important for binding to fatty acids (FAs). Several variants displayed affinities that appeared incompatible with the crystal structure of the protein-FA complex. Thermodynamic measurements provided an explanation for these apparent inconsistencies and revealed that binding affinities often inaccurately reported changes in protein-FA interactions because changes in the binding entropy and enthalpy were usually compensatory. These results demonstrate that understanding the effects of amino acid replacements on ligand binding requires measurements of enthalpy and entropy, in addition to affinity.
2-O-digalloyl-1,3,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose isolated from Galla Rhois suppresses osteoclast differentiation and function by inhibiting NF-κB signaling (2019)

Natural compounds isolated from medicinal herbs and plants have immense significance in maintaining bone health. Hydrolysable tannins have been shown to possess a variety of medicinal properties including antiviral, anticancer, and anti-osteoclastogenic activities. As a part of a study on the discovery of alternative agent against skeletal diseases, we isolated a hydrolysable tannin, 2-O-digalloyl-1,3,4,6-tetra-Ogalloyl- β-D-glucose (DTOGG), from Galla Rhois and examined the effect on osteoclast formation and function. We found that DTOGG significantly inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation by downregulating the expression of the key regulator in osteoclastogenesis as well as osteoclast-related genes. Analysis of RANKL/RANK signaling revealed that DTOGG impaired activation of IκBα and p65 in the nuclear factor kappa-lightchain- enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Furthermore, DTOGG reduced bone resorbing activity of osteoclasts, compared to the vehicle-treated control. These results suggest that DTOGG could be a useful natural compound to manage osteoclast-mediated skeletal diseases. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(6): 409-414].
The role of solvent molecular weight in shear thickening and shear jamming (2021)

The application of stress can drive a dense suspension into a regime of highly non-Newtonian response, characterized by discontinuous shear thickening (DST) and potentially shear jamming (SJ), due to the formation of a frictionally stabilized contact network. Investigating how the molecular weight of the suspending solvent affects the frictional particle-particle interactions, we report on experiments with suspensions of fumed silica particles in polyethylene glycol (PEG). Focusing on the monomer-to-oligomer limit, with n = 1 to 8 ethylene oxide repeat units, we find that increasing n enhances shear thickening under steady-state shear and even elicits rapidly propagating shear jamming fronts, as assessed by high-speed ultrasound imaging of impact experiments. We associate this behavior with a weakening of the solvation layers surrounding the particles as n is increased, which thereby facilitates the formation of frictional contacts. We argue that for n larger than the monomer-to-oligomer limit the trend reverses and frictional interactions are diminished, as observed in prior experiments. This reversal occurs because the polymeric solvent transitions from being enthalpically bound to entropically bound to the particle surfaces, which strengthens solvation layers.
Effects of Surface Charge on Denaturation of Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase (2006)

This work compares the denaturation of two proteins-bovine carbonic anhydrase II (BCA) and its derivative with all lysine groups acetylated (BCA-Ac(18))-by urea, guanidinium chloride (GuHCl), heat, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). It demonstrates that increasing the net negative charge of the protein by acetylation of lysines reduces its stability to urea, GuHCl, and heat, but increases its kinetic stability (its thermodynamic stability cannot be measured) towards denaturation by SDS. Increasing the ionic strength of the buffer improves the stability of BCA-Ac(18) to urea and heat, but still leaves it less stable than unacetylated BCA to those denaturants. In urea, the large change in electrostatic interactions not only modifies the free energy of denaturation, but also introduces a stable intermediate into the unfolding pathway. This work shows that modifications of charges on the surfaces of proteins can have a large effect--positive or negative, depending on the denaturant--on the stability of the proteins despite the exposure of these charges to high dielectric solvent and buffer ions.
Analysis of a graph by a set of automata (2015)

An algorithm of traversal (retrieval of full information on the structure) of an a priori unknown directed graph by an unbounded set of finite automata that interact through the exchange of messages and can move along the arcs of the graph according to their direction is described. Under the assumption that the execution time of basic operations and the transmission time of individual messages are bounded, the total operating time of the algorithm is bounded, at worst, by O(m + nd), where n is the number of vertices of the graph, m is the number of its arcs, and d is the diameter of the graph; moreover, this estimate is unimprovable. The full proofs of the propositions formulated in this paper have been published in [6].
Cryopreservation of Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Grafts Is Associated with Lower Rates of Chronic Gvhd after Allogeneic Transplantation (2023)

This paper is concerned with the numerical solution of porous-media flow and transport problems, i.e. heterogeneous, advection–diffusion problems. Its aim is to investigate numerical schemes for these problems in which different time steps can be used in different parts of the domain. Global-in-time, non-overlapping domain-decomposition methods are coupled with operator splitting making possible the different treatment of the advection and diffusion terms. Two domain-decomposition methods are considered: one uses the time-dependent Steklov–Poincaré operator and the other uses optimized Schwarz waveform relaxation (OSWR) based on Robin transmission conditions. For each method, a mixed formulation of an interface problem on the space–time interface is derived, and different time grids are employed to adapt to different time scales in the subdomains. A generalized Neumann–Neumann preconditioner is proposed for the first method. To illustrate the two methods numerical results for two-dimensional problems with strong heterogeneities are presented. These include both academic problems and more realistic prototypes for simulations for the underground storage of nuclear waste.
Effect of Left Ventricular Stimulation Site on the Systolic Function of Heart Failure Patients During Ventricular Resynchronization Therapy (2000)

source of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) a and the possibility of endotoxin P134/9924 Epidemiology and impact of intraventricular translocation across the bowel wall during episodes of oedema.conduction delay in heart failure patients Methods: We studied 48 patients (39 male; aged 45.3 (SD 14) years) with severe end stage heart failure requiring implantation of a left ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplantation.Cytokines were measured in all surviving patients preoperatively, at 1 week (n = 46), 40 days (n = 35) and 90 days (n = 26).
Abstract 1329: Personalizing gastrointestinal cancer treatment by the utilization of TumorGraft™ technology (2012)

Abstract Malignancies of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract share similarities in their symptoms, histology, genetic composition and sites of metastasis, but differ in their incidence rates. While colorectal cancer is common with over 130,000 new cases annually in the US alone, small intestinal adenocarcinoma is relatively rare with only 2500 new cases annually. Nevertheless, the overall clinical benefit of “standard of care” therapeutics is negligible, thereby underlining the need for novel therapeutics, especially personalized approaches. Champions Oncology focuses on personalizing cancer treatment via generating Tumorgraft models from each patient's individual whole tumor. The current study describes the attempt to identify a personalized solution for two patients with metastatic colorectal and duodenal cancers. Using Champions revolutionary Tumorgraft™ technology, personalized ‘trials’ were performed in vivo. Tumor fragments, obtained from the patient's liver metastases, were implanted into immunodeficient mice in a manner that preserves the biological properties of the original tumor and supporting stroma. Once the Tumorgrafts models were established, individual therapeutics and combinations were evaluated to identify treatment regimens likely to be maximally effective in the clinic. Each drug study encompassed 16 different treatment groups, including FDA-approved, as well as investigational agents. Of the different treatment arms in the colorectal model, two demonstrated partial response with tumor growth inhibition values of 152 and 149% for irinotecan/cetuximab/sunitinib and bevacizumab/cetuximab/irinotecan, respectively. While the combination of cetuximab/irinotecan resulted in stable disease in the duodenal model as well, complete responses were observed in all mice treated with eribulin as a single agent. Mutation status analysis of the tumors revealed wild type KRAS. Additional molecular characterization is ongoing to determine other potential signatures of response. The results from the Tumorgraft study were recommended to the patients and their medical oncologists and new lines of treatment were commenced subsequently. The results from these Tumorgraft studies, the molecular profile of the tumors, and correlation with clinical outcome will be presented. Results demonstrate the application of Personalized Tumorgraft models to personalized oncology and their impact on the future of cancer treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1329. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1329
Surveillance for zoonotic and selected pathogens in harbor seals Phoca vitulina from central California (2014)

The infection status of harbor seals Phoca vitulina in central California, USA, was evaluated through broad surveillance for pathogens in stranded and wild-caught animals from 2001 to 2008, with most samples collected in 2007 and 2008. Stranded animals from Mendocino County to San Luis Obispo County were sampled at a rehabilitation facility: The Marine Mammal Center (TMMC, n = 175); wild-caught animals were sampled at 2 locations: San Francisco Bay (SF, n = 78) and Tomales Bay (TB, n = 97), that differed in degree of urbanization. Low prevalences of Salmonella, Campylobacter, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium were detected in the feces of stranded and wild-caught seals. Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli were more prevalent in the feces of stranded (58% [78 out of 135] and 76% [102 out of 135]) than wild-caught (42% [45 out of 106] and 66% [68 out of 106]) seals, whereas Vibrio spp. were 16 times more likely to be cultured from the feces of seals from SF than TB or TMMC (p < 0.005). Brucella DNA was detected in 3.4% of dead stranded harbor seals (2 out of 58). Type A influenza was isolated from feces of 1 out of 96 wild-caught seals. Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis neurona, and type A influenza was only detected in the wild-caught harbor seals (post-weaning age classes), whereas antibody titers to Leptospira spp. were detected in stranded and wild-caught seals. No stranded (n = 109) or wild-caught (n = 217) harbor seals had antibodies to phocine distemper virus, although a single low titer to canine distemper virus was detected. These results highlight the role of harbor seals as sentinel species for zoonotic and terrestrial pathogens in the marine environment.
Low-Cycle Fatigue in Ni-Base Superalloy IN738LC at Elevated Temperature (2010)

니켈기 초내열합금은 고온 강도를 지속적으로 증가시키며 현재 비행기 엔진, 선박 엔진 및 발전용 가스터빈 고온 부품 등을 만드는 가장 중요한 소재로 오래전부터 사용되어져 왔다. 이러한 부품의 수명을 연장하기 위해서는 사용 환경과 유사한 조건에서의 피로수명 예측이 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 가스터빈 블레이드 소재인 니켈기 초내열합금 IN738LC에 대하여 실제운전환경과 유사한 조건을 설정하여 다양한 변형률 범위와 온도에서 시험을 수행하였다. 저주기 피로수명을 예측하기 위하여 변형률 에너지 밀도와 파단 사이클과의 관계를 사용하였다. 수명의 예측은 시험결과를 토대로 변형률 에너지법과 Coffin-Manson법에 의하여 예측을 하였다.
Effect of Geometric Scaling on Aerodynamic Performance (2005)

Miniaturization of modern electronics and simultaneous elevation in heat dissipation means that future compact electronic systems are likely to be too hot to be held in the users hand. As a result, novel compact cooling technologies are required. In systems such as mobile phones and palmtop computers, macroscale fans cannot be used to overcome this problem because they are too large. As a solution, the implementation of microfan technology is proposed. Aerodynamic scaling issues in microaxial flow fans are addressed. Analysis shows how reduction of fan dimensions to the microscale causes increased local loss. Numerical simulations were performed to investigate the validity of the scaling theory, the results of which give confidence in the scaling analysis. Measurements were carried out on two geometrically similar fans to validate the theory under experimental conditions. Results of these measurements were in good agreement with the analysis. The fundamental finding is that a reduction in scale is accompanied by a reduction in efficiency and, thus, fan performance. It is concluded that geometric scaling alone of macroscale designs is not sufficient to produce microscale cooling fans: Modifications must be made to the geometry that account for changes in flow physics.
Unified Push Recovery Fundamentals: Inspiration from Human Study (2020)

Currently for balance recovery, humans outperform humanoid robots which use hand-designed controllers in terms of the diverse actions. This study aims to close this gap by finding core control principles that are shared across ankle, hip, toe and stepping strategies by formulating experiments to test human balance recoveries and define criteria to quantify the strategy in use. To reveal fundamental principles of balance strategies, our study shows that a minimum jerk controller can accurately replicate comparable human behaviour at the Centre of Mass level. Therefore, we formulate a general Model-Predictive Control (MPC) framework to produce recovery motions in any system, including legged machines, where the framework parameters are tuned for time-optimal performance in robotic systems.
Preparation of Yb3+doped GdPO4nanoparticles by solution-based processing (2011)

Yb3+ doped GdPO4 (GdPO4:Yb3+) nanoparticles are prepared in glycol solvent by autoclave treatment at 230 °C for 120 min. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, the sample prepared in ethylene glycol is monazite-type GdPO4:Yb3+ without crystal water, while the sample prepared in 1,4-butanediol is rhabdophane-type GdPO4:Yb3+ with crystal water. The former shows more intense near infrared photoluminescence due to the f-f transition of Yb3+ in comparison with the latter. These results indicate that quenching of Yb3+ emission is attributed to energy dissipation due to the O-H vibration of crystal water. When the samples are prepared in ethylene glycol by autoclave treatment at 230 °C for different aging time, the crystallization degree estimated from integrated intensities of XRD peaks increases with increasing aging time. At the same time, the Yb3+ emission becomes strong. We found out that the photoluminescence intensity is linearly related with the crystallization degree.
NilmDB: The Non-Intrusive Load Monitor Database (2014)

This paper presents NilmDB, a comprehensive framework designed to solve the “big data” problem of non-intrusive load monitoring and diagnostics. It provides the central component of a flexible, distributed architecture for the storage, transfer, manipulation, and analysis of time-series data. NilmDB is network-transparent and facilitates remote viewing and management of large data sets by utilizing efficient data reduction and indexing techniques.
High Density Diffusion-Free Nanowell Arrays (2012)

Proteomics aspires to elucidate the functions of all proteins. Protein microarrays provide an important step by enabling high-throughput studies of displayed proteins. However, many functional assays of proteins include untethered intermediates or products, which could frustrate the use of planar arrays at very high densities because of diffusion to neighboring features. The nucleic acid programmable protein array (NAPPA) is a robust in situ synthesis method for producing functional proteins just-in-time, which includes steps with diffusible intermediates. We determined that diffusion of expressed proteins led to cross-binding at neighboring spots at very high densities with reduced interspot spacing. To address this limitation, we have developed an innovative platform using photolithographically etched discrete silicon nanowells and used NAPPA as a test case. This arrested protein diffusion and cross-binding. We present confined high density protein expression and display, as well as functional protein–protein interactions, in 8000 nanowell arrays. This is the highest density of individual proteins in nanovessels demonstrated on a single slide. We further present proof of principle results on ultrahigh density protein arrays capable of up to 24000 nanowells on a single slide.