gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Editorial Commentary : The Shoulder Transpectoralis Portal for Arthroscopic Latarjet: Medial to the Coracoid Can Also Be a Safe Side! (2021)

The all-arthroscopic Latarjet is gaining popularity among shoulder surgeons, although the procedure is technically demanding and potentially dangerous, placing the brachial plexus and axillary vessels at risk when using screws for fixation of the bone block from the front. Matsen once wrote that "lateral to the coracoid is the safe side, while medial to the coracoid is the suicide." However, creation of a portal medial to the coracoid during arthroscopic reconstruction of the glenoid is needed to permit accurate positioning of the screws (parallel to the glenoid surface) and coracoid bone block (flush to the glenoid surface). Our own clinical experience with the arthroscopic Latarjet over the last decade has shown us that the safety of the arthroscopic medial transpectoralis portal depends on 3 technical considerations: (1) the portal should always be established in an outside-in fashion from anterior to posterior; (2) passing through the pectoralis major muscle with a relatively superficial trajectory, using a switching stick oriented with a 45° orientation toward the tip of the coracoid; and (3) under visual control of the anterior extra-articular subdeltoid space to end up lateral to the coracoid process. If these conditions are respected, surgeons should not worry: medial to the coracoid can also be a safe side! An inside-out technique (introducing a switching stick from posterior to anterior) is forbidden, as this would end up piercing the neurovascular structures. Once the coracoid has been osteotomized and the conjoint tendon retracted distally, all instruments passing though the transpectoral portal are directly in contact with the neurovascular structures. This is why working through the medial transpectoralis portal should be done only with the help of a cannula or half-pipe. Ideally, the transpectoral portal should not be used as a "working portal" but as a "protecting portal" instead, placing a stick or spreader to protect the neurovascular structures. To avoid working through the anterior medial portal, we have proposed a much safer alternative that consists of drilling the glenoid from posterior to anterior (using a guide and remaining inside the glenohumeral joint) and using cortical-buttons (instead of screws) for coracoid fixation. In this modern technique, the transpectoral portal makes the arthroscopic safe as it allows the introduction of a spreader to retract the subscapularis muscle and protect the neurovascular structures during transfer and fixation of the coracoid bone block.
Potential Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection on Immunity to Ovarian Tumours and Cancer Progression (2021)

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common, and life-threatening gynaecological cancer affecting females. Almost 75% of all OC cases are diagnosed at late stages, where the 5-year survival rate is less than 30%. The aetiology of the disease is still unclear, and there are currently no screening method nor effective treatment strategies for the advanced disease. A growing body of evidence shows that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infecting more than 50% of the world population, may play a role in inducing carcinogenesis through its immunomodulatory activities. In healthy subjects, the primary HCMV infection is essentially asymptomatic. The virus then establishes a life-long chronic latency primarily in the hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow, with periodic reactivation from latency that is often characterized by high levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Currently, infection-induced chronic inflammation is considered as an essential process for OC progression and metastasis. In line with this observation, few recent studies have identified high expressions of HCMV proteins on OC tissue biopsies that were associated with poor survival outcomes. Active HCMV infection in the OC tumour microenvironment may thus directly contribute to OC progression. In this review, we highlight the potential impact of HCMV infection-induced immunomodulatory effects on host immune responses to OC that may promote OC progression.
Cyano(ethoxycarbonothioylthio)methyl Benzoate: A Novel One‐Carbon Radical Equivalent. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Spin-L: sequential pipelined neuroemulator with learning capabilities (1993)

In this paper, an extensive study of learning and retrieval algorithms for Hopfield's pattern classifier network, multilayer backpropagation, Kohonen's self-organized feature mapping network, and the binary adaptive resonance theory (ART-1) models is reported. Parallelism as well as computational requirements are identified for all algorithms. The algorithms are then mapped onto the sequential pipelined neuroemulator (SPIN) architecture. As a result, the SPIN with learning (SPIN-L) machine is developed as an enhanced architecture to accommodate the new requirements.
Color-conversion efficiency enhancement of quantum dots via selective area nano-rods light-emitting diodes (2016)

A large enhancement of color-conversion efficiency of colloidal quantum dots in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with novel structures of nanorods embedded in microholes has been demonstrated. Via the integration of nano-imprint and photolithography technologies, nanorods structures can be fabricated at specific locations, generating functional nanostructured LEDs for high-efficiency performance. With the novel structured LED, the color-conversion efficiency of the existing quantum dots can be enhanced by up to 32.4%. The underlying mechanisms can be attributed to the enhanced light extraction and non-radiative energy transfer, characterized by conducting a series of electroluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. This hybrid nanostructured device therefore exhibits a great potential for the application of multi-color lighting sources.
High-throughput, single-particle tracking reveals nested membrane domains that dictate KRasG12D diffusion and trafficking (2019)

Membrane nanodomains have been implicated in Ras signaling, but what these domains are and how they interact with Ras remain obscure. Here, using single particle tracking with photoactivated localization microscopy (spt-PALM) and detailed trajectory analysis, we show that distinct membrane domains dictate KRas<sup>G12D</sup> (an active KRas mutant) diffusion and trafficking in U2OS cells. KRas<sup>G12D</sup> exhibits an immobile state in ~70 nm domains, each embedded in a larger domain (~200 nm) that confers intermediate mobility, while the rest of the membrane supports fast diffusion. Moreover, KRas<sup>G12D</sup> is continuously removed from the membrane via the immobile state and replenished to the fast state, reminiscent of Ras internalization and recycling. Importantly, both the diffusion and trafficking properties of KRas<sup>G12D</sup> remain invariant over a broad range of protein expression levels. Our results reveal how membrane organization dictates membrane diffusion and trafficking of Ras and offer new insight into the spatial regulation of Ras signaling.
Toughening of BIS maleimide resins: Synthesis and characterization of maleimide terminated poly(arylene ether) oligomers and polymers (1986)

Amine functional poly(arylene ether) sulfones were previously reported. Herein, the chemistry was extended to amorphous poly(arylene ether) ketones because of their higher fracture toughness values, relative to the polysulfones. It was demonstrated that the amino functional oligomers undergo a self-crosslinking reaction at temperatures above about 220 C. This produces an insoluble, but ductile network that has excellent resistance. A ketamine structure hypothesis was proposed and verified using solid state magic angle NMR. In most cases, the water generated upon ketamine formation is too low to produce porosity and solid networks are obtained. The stability of the ketamine networks towards hydrolysis is excellent. The chemistry was further demonstrated to be able to crosslink preformed nonfunctional poly(arylene ether) ketones if a difunctional amine was utilized. This concept has the possibility of greatly improving the creep resistance of thermoplastics. Also, a new technique was developed for converting the amine functional oligomers cleanly into maleimide structures. This method involves reacting maleic anhydride with monomeric aminophenols in the presence of solvent mixtures.
Optimal File Sharing in Distributed Networks (1995)

The following file distribution problem is considered: Given a network of processors represented by an undirected graph $G = (V, E)$ and a file size k, an arbitrary file ${\bf w}$ of k bits is to be distributed among all nodes of G. To this end, each node is assigned a memory device such that by accessing the memory of its own and of its adjacent nodes, the node can reconstruct the contents of ${\bf w}$. The objective is to minimize the total size of memory in the network. This paper presents a file distribution scheme which realizes this objective for $k \gg \log \Delta_{G}$, where $\Delta_{G}$ stands for the maximum degree in G: For this range of k, the total memory size required by the suggested scheme approaches an integer programming lower bound on that size. The scheme is also constructive in the sense that given G and k, the memory size at each node in G, as well as the mapping of any file ${\bf w}$ into the node memory devices, can be computed in time complexity which is polynomial in k and $|V|$. Furthermore, each node can reconstruct the contents of such a file ${\bf w}$ in $O(k^{2})$ bit operations. Finally, it is shown that the requirement of k being much larger than $\log \Delta_{G}$ is necessary in order to have total memory size close to the integer programming lower bound.
Stochastic Control Formulation of The Car Overtake Problem (2018)

In this paper, we consider the classic car overtake problem. There are three cars, two moving along the same direction in the same lane while the third car moves in the direction opposite to that of the first two cars in the adjacent lane. The objective of the trailing car is to overtake the car in front of it avoiding collision with the other cars in the scenario. The information available to the trailing car is the relative position, relative velocities with respect to other cars and its position and past actions. The relative position and relative velocity information is corrupted by noise. Given this information, the car needs to make a decision as to whether it wants to overtake or not. We present a control algorithm for the car which minimizes the probability of collision with both the cars. We also present the results obtained by simulating the above scenario with the control algorithm. Through simulations, we study the effect of the variance of the measurement noise and the time at which the decision is made on the probability of collision.
Gallium nitride light sources for optical coherence tomography (2017)

The advent of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has permitted high-resolution, non-invasive, <i>in vivo</i> imaging of the eye, skin and other biological tissue. The axial resolution is limited by source bandwidth and central wavelength. With the growing demand for short wavelength imaging, super-continuum sources and non-linear fibre-based light sources have been demonstrated in tissue imaging applications exploiting the near-UV and visible spectrum. Whilst the potential has been identified of using gallium nitride devices due to relative maturity of laser technology, there have been limited reports on using such low cost, robust devices in imaging systems. A GaN super-luminescent light emitting diode (SLED) was first reported in 2009, using tilted facets to suppress lasing, with the focus since on high power, low speckle and relatively low bandwidth applications. In this paper we discuss a method of producing a GaN based broadband source, including a passive absorber to suppress lasing. The merits of this passive absorber are then discussed with regards to broad-bandwidth applications, rather than power applications. For the first time in GaN devices, the performance of the light sources developed are assessed though the point spread function (PSF) (which describes an imaging systems response to a point source), calculated from the emission spectra. We show a sub-7&mu;m resolution is possible without the use of special epitaxial techniques, ultimately outlining the suitability of these short wavelength, broadband, GaN devices for use in OCT applications.
H-Infinity Loop-Shaped Model Predictive Control With HVAC Application (2022)

We formulate a model predictive control (MPC) for linear time-invariant systems based on H-infinity loop-shaping. The design results in a closed-loop system that includes a state estimator and attains an optimized stability margin. Input and output weights are designed in the frequency domain to satisfy steady-state and transient performance requirements, in lieu of standard MPC plant model augmentations. The H-infinity loop-shaping synthesis results in an observer-based state feedback structure. An inverse optimal control problem is solved to construct the MPC cost function, so that the control input computed by MPC is equal to the H-infinity control input when the constraints are inactive. The MPC inherits the closed-loop performance and stability margin of the loop-shaped design when constraints are inactive. We apply the methodology to a multizone heat pump, and validate the results in simulations and laboratory experiments. The design rejects constant unmeasured disturbances, tracks constant references with zero steady-state error, meets transient performance requirements, provides an excellent stability margin, and enforces input and output constraints.
Neue Materialien – Was kann die Synthesechemie heute? (1998)

Abstract Materials of construction will exert a greater influence on cultural developments on all continents than in the past, meaning that research in materials science will have to be given a high interdisciplinary priority in countries with the right scientific and technological background. Particularly in the case of this developing area, science will have to emerge from its classical compartmentalization because further progress will require joint consideration of chemical, physical, and where appropriate biological aspects, while paying due attention to the creative scope of engineering. It will become more important than ever to combine science and engineering and to derive an innovative materials architecture from the more contemplative discipline of materials science.
Prediction of harmonic distortion generated by electro-dynamic loudspeakers using cascade of Hammerstein models (2010)

International audience
Multifunctional Layer-by-Layer Coating of Digitally Encoded Microparticles (2007)

In the field of medical diagnostics there is a growing need for inexpensive, accurate, and quick "multiplexing" assays. By making use of encoded microparticles, such assays allow simultaneous determination of the presence of several analytes in a biological sample. The microparticles under investigation in this study are encoded by writing a digital dot or bar code in their central plane. This study evaluates to what extent a "multifunctional" coating can be applied around the digitally encoded microparticles by the layer-by-layer (LbL) technology. We show that a LbL coating containing CrO2 nanoparticles allows (a) an optimal (optical) readout of the dot and bar codes, (b) a perfect orientation of the microparticles, necessary to be able to read the code, and (c) an optimal coupling of capture probes to the surface of the microparticles.
Reconfigurable optical packet header recognition and routing using time-to-wavelength mapping and tunable fiber Bragg gratings for correlation decoding (2000)

We achieve reconfigurable optical header recognition and penalty-free routing of a 2.5 Gb/s packet stream with a 1.6-ns guard time. Our method uses cross-gain compression in a semiconductor optical amplifier for time-to-wavelength mapping, and two fiber Bragg grating arrays for tunable correlation decoding. This technique may be of value in future high-speed optical packet-switching nodes.
Dynamic Modeling of Partial Liquid Lift for Stripper Gas Wells (2006)

Abstract This paper presents the results of a dynamic modeling approach for prediction of the critical rate to unload stripper gas wells. Methodologies in the literature such as the ones by Turner et al1and Coleman et al2 predict critical gas rates by using force balances based on bulk properties of the liquid and gas column. Using a one-dimensional modeling of two phase flow in a vertical column, we are able to incorporate the phase behavioral effects caused by temperature and pressure changes affecting fluid density and localized conditions of liquid droplets demonstrating a more accurate way to predict critical gas rates. The dynamic prediction model allows incorporation of the formation depth and pressure, temperature gradients and tubing size. Gas composition ranges from dry gas to rich gas with potential for condensate formation. The model allows mapping and tracking the phase behavior conditions after flow stoppage under the condition of low gas rate and predicts the energy requirement to partially lighten the liquid column and resuming gas flow.
Additional remarks (1980)

J. B. Goodenough, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1980, 70, 428 DOI: 10.1039/DC9807000428
Del papel a la voz: las papeladas o el teatro popular de Valongo (Porto, Portugal) (2003)

Papeladas es el término usado para designar el teatro popular que comenzó a finales del siglo XIX e inicios del XX y aún hoy persiste en la memoria de los valonguenses más dedicados a las tradiciones culturales de su concejo y, gracias a una asociación local, en la práctica cultural de la comunidad. Este patrimonio en movimiento, familiar, pero, simultáneamente, comunitario, ha nacido del impulso emigrante de un poeta popular apellidado Fozcõa, que ha traído en su bagaje textos y papeles (in)significantes. Producción fecunda que habría de conquistar Valongo y a los forasteros que acudían a esta villa para asistir a las papeladas, como habría de fecundar en profundidad su multiforme expresión artística. //// Abstract. The term papeladas is used to designate the popular theatre founded in the late Nineteenth- and early Twentieth-Centuries that persists in the memory of residents of Valonga who are dedicated to the cultural traditions of their municipality and, thanks to a local association, in cultural practices of the community. This heritage in movement, simultaneously familiar and communal, was born with the migrant impulse of a popular poet named Fozcõa who has carried in his luggage (in)significant papers and texts. This fecund production would come to conquer the residents of Valonga and the strangers who flocked to that town to attend the papeladas and would also profoundly enrich the town’s multiform artistic expression.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallographic and 17O NMR Studies of Nitro Group Torsion Angles in a Series of 4‐Alkylaminonitroquinolines Designed as Hypoxia‐Selective Cytotoxins. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cleaning of III-V Materials: Surface Chemistry Considerations (2012)

Compound semiconductors based on group III and V elements of the periodic system have high charge carrier mobility and are, therefore, candidates for channel material in future CMOS devices [1]. In order to design wet chemical solutions that lead to appropriate surface pre-conditioning and allow for nanoscale processing and minimal substrate loss, a thorough understanding of the interactions between the substrate and the chemical solutions is needed and the basic etching mechanisms needs to be resolved. The focus of this research is on InP in acidic solutions. ESH aspects are also considered.
Mixing Preshared Keys in IKEv2 for Post-quantum Security (2020)

The possibility of quantum computers poses a serious challenge to
cryptographic algorithms deployed widely today. IKEv2 is one example
of a cryptosystem that could be broken; someone storing VPN
communications today could decrypt them at a later time when a quantum
computer is available. It is anticipated that IKEv2 will be extended
to support quantum-secure key exchange algorithms; however that is not
likely to happen in the near term. To address this problem before
then, this document describes an extension of IKEv2 to allow it to be
resistant to a quantum computer, by using preshared keys.
Modulation of glucocorticoid sensitivity by RNA interference in leukemic cells. (2004)

3639 Glucocorticoids (GC) induce apoptosis in numerous hematopoetic tissues and therefore are widely used in the treatment of leukemias and lymphomas. GC-induced apoptosis involves nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), causing transcriptional events that activate the mitocondrial/caspase-9 (intrinsic) pathway. However, it is unclear which GR-regulated genes function in initiating the caspase cascade. Previously we analyzed the transcriptional profile of GC-treated 697 pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and identified interesting candidate genes. To search for the critical mediators of GC-induced apoptosis, we then employed a gene knockdown approach. The effect of the potent GC, triamcinolone acetonide (TA), on cell viability was determined after electroporating 697 cells in the presence of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against GR target genes. This analysis included RNA duplexes that reduce expression of MKP1 (MAP Kinase Phosphatase-1), BCL2, SGK1 (serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase), and forkhead-related transcription factor FOXO3a. After optimizing the transfection conditions, we have found that knockdown of several of these genes increased sensitivity of 697 cells to GC. We conclude that this approach will be useful for discovering and validating new therapeutic targets for GC- resistant hematopoietic malignancies.
Efficient calibration of real-time model-based controllers for diesel engines — Part II: Incorporating practical robustness guarantees (2017)

In the development of model predictive controllers (MPC) for a diesel engine air path, tuning the parameters of the controllers to achieve satisfactory performance is challenging, especially whilst adhering to input and safety constraints in the presence of unknown disturbances. The novel MPC structure introduced in a companion paper reduces the number of effective tuning parameters to lower the calibration effort, but does not directly consider the robustness of the controller in handling modelling uncertainties. This paper addresses this challenge by detailing how a constraint tightening-like approach can be augmented to the control architecture through an additional calibration parameter, providing practical robustness to additive state disturbances at steady-state conditions. The robust controller is firstly implemented in simulation, with a comprehensive investigation of its calibration performance under step changes in the fuelling rate. Experimental validation of the controller architecture is then provided for selected tunings of the calibration parameters, showing a similar qualitative and quantitative performance to the simulations. The impact on the closed loop response of the engine through the inclusion of the robustness parameter is shown to be minor, whilst still allowing the remaining parameters to be adjusted for achieving desired output transient responses.