gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Scheduling/Signal-Level Coordination in the Downlink of Multi-Cloud Radio-Access Networks (2015)

In the context of resource allocation in cloud- radio access networks, recent studies assume either signal-level or scheduling-level coordination. This paper, instead, considers a hybrid level of coordination for the scheduling problem in the downlink of a multi-cloud radio- access network, so as to benefit from both scheduling policies. Consider a multi-cloud radio access network, where each cloud is connected to several base-stations (BSs) via high capacity links, and therefore allows joint signal processing between them. Across the multiple clouds, however, only scheduling-level coordination is permitted, as it requires a lower level of backhaul communication. The frame structure of every BS is composed of various time/frequency blocks, called power- zones (PZs), and kept at fixed power level. The paper addresses the problem of maximizing a network-wide utility by associating users to clouds and scheduling them to the PZs, under the practical constraints that each user is scheduled, at most, to a single cloud, but possibly to many BSs within the cloud, and can be served by one or more distinct PZs within the BSs' frame. The paper solves the problem using graph theory techniques by constructing the conflict graph. The scheduling problem is, then, shown to be equivalent to a maximum- weight independent set problem in the constructed graph, in which each vertex symbolizes an association of cloud, user, BS and PZ, with a weight representing the utility of that association. Simulation results suggest that the proposed hybrid scheduling strategy provides appreciable gain as compared to the scheduling-level coordinated networks, with a negligible degradation to signal-level coordination.
Semi-automated segmentation and classification of digital breast tomosynthesis reconstructed images (2011)

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a limited-angle tomographic x-ray imaging technique that reduces the effect of tissue superposition observed in planar mammography. An integrated imaging platform that combines DBT with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to provide co-registered anatomical and functional imaging is under development. Incorporation of anatomic priors can benefit NIRS reconstruction. In this work, we provide a segmentation and classification method to extract potential lesions, as well as adipose, fibroglandular, muscle and skin tissue in reconstructed DBT images that serve as anatomic priors during NIRS reconstruction. The method may also be adaptable for estimating tumor volume, breast glandular content, and for extracting lesion features for potential application to computer aided detection and diagnosis.
New approach to low-cost solid state lighting using controlled spalling (2014)

A simple, fracture-based, layer transfer process has been developed and successfully applied to a number of different semiconductor substrate materials. The process is called Controlled Spalling and works by depositing a tensile stressor layer on the surface of a substrate, introducing a crack near the edge of the substrate, and mechanically guiding the crack as a single fracture front across the surface. The entire process is performed at room-temperature using only common laboratory equipment and can even be applied to completed devices. Recently, this process has been used to separate InGaN/GaN multiquantum well (MQW) light emitting diode (LED) structures that were grown on sapphire substrates. By controlling the stress and thickness of the surface stressor layer, the fracture depth, and thus the layer thickness, can be controlled. Separation of the epitaxial device layers has been made to occur within the n-GaN region, as well as at the GaN/sapphire growth interface. We have also demonstrated successful layer transfer from bulk GaN as well thereby allowing potential reuse of this expensive substrate material.
Fenómenos de resonancia asociados al transporte de mercancías líquidas por ferrocarril (2006)

Los vagones de mercancías se unen entre sí mediante acoplamientos UIC estándar. Aunque cada plataforma está equipada con un tensor de enganche en ambos extremos, sólo uno de ellos se utiliza, mientras que el otro descansa apoyado en un gancho. Debido a los efectos de oleaje del líquido contenido en las cisternas, este tensor en reposo puede entrar en resonancia con la frecuencia natural de algunos fluidos, llegando a oscilar de forma apreciable. En ocasiones llega a saltar fuera de su alojamiento, provocando ciertas molestias durante la circulación, aunque sin entrañar ningún riesgo para la seguridad de la marcha. Con el propósito de simular la influencia de diversos factores sobre el comportamiento dinámico asociado a estos fenómenos de oleaje, se ha desarrollado un modelo de la interacción fluido-vehículo, empleado técnicas de modelado de sistemas multicuerpo y de elementos finitos.
PD-L1 is a novel direct target of HIF-1α, and its blockade under hypoxia enhanced MDSC-mediated T cell activation (2014)

Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) form an important component of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Here, we investigated the influence of hypoxia on immune checkpoint receptors (programmed death [PD]-1 and CTLA-4) and their respective ligands (PD-1 ligand 1 [PD-L1], PD-L2, CD80, and CD86) on MDSCs. We demonstrate that MDSCs at the tumor site show a differential expression of PD-L1 as compared with MDSCs from peripheral lymphoid organ (spleen). Hypoxia caused a rapid, dramatic, and selective up-regulation of PD-L1 on splenic MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice. This was not limited to MDSCs, as hypoxia also significantly increased the expression of PD-L1 on macrophages, dendritic cells, and tumor cells. Furthermore, PD-L1 up-regulation under hypoxia was dependent on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) but not HIF-2α. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay revealed direct binding of HIF-1α to a transcriptionally active hypoxia-response element (HRE) in the PD-L1 proximal promoter. Blockade of PD-L1 under hypoxia enhanced MDSC-mediated T cell activation and was accompanied by the down-regulation of MDSCs IL-6 and IL-10. Finally, neutralizing antibodies against IL-10 under hypoxia significantly abrogated the suppressive activity of MDSCs. Simultaneous blockade of PD-L1 along with inhibition of HIF-1α may thus represent a novel approach for cancer immunotherapy.
Cancer control following focal prostate cryoablation for unilateral prostate cancer. (2011)

e15167 Background: Widespread use of PSA screening has resulted in earlier detection of prostate cancer, often in younger patients with small-volume, unilateral disease. Partial-gland cryoablation, sparing healthy tissue and the ipsilateral neurovascular bundle, is an attractive option for patients with unilateral cancer who wish to preserve erectile function and continence. We report our early cancer outcome data for focal prostate cryoablation. Methods: We performed a retrospective review from a single-institution IRB-approved cryotherapy database of over 900 patients. Inclusion criteria: unilateral prostate cancer treated with primary focal cryoablation. Exclusion criteria: prior or concurrent hormonal therapy. Disease-free survival at 3 and 5 years was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate Cox regression models were performed to determine predictors of cancer outcome. Results: From 2002-2010, 102 men underwent primary focal cryoablation for prostate cancer. Mean age was 69.3 years (standard deviation [SD] 6.7 years); mean follow-up time 30.0 months (SD 24.2 months); mean pre-operative PSA 7.0 ng/mL (SD 5.5 ng/mL); and median Gleason score sum 6 (range 5-9). Overall mean post-treatment PSA nadir was 1.2 ng/mL (SD 1.3 ng/mL). Following treatment, 22 patients underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) biopsy for clinical suspicion of recurrent disease, and 10/22 (45%) had confirmed recurrent prostate cancer. No patients developed metastatic disease at any point during follow-up. On multivariate analysis, preoperative PSA level, preoperative Gleason score, number of positive biopsy cores, and total tumor length were all associated with disease recurrence. Conclusions: Early data show encouraging disease-free survival rates using follow-up TRUS biopsy results. Focal prostate cryoablation is a promising option for carefully selected patients, although further follow-up and long-term disease control will determine its role in prostate cancer treatment.
Metal/Dielectric NANOCON Materials (Part 2) (1991)

The effect of additives on Nano-structure Controlled materials has been studied. This material consists of Fe-based (Fe-Si-Al) soft magnetic metal grains completely separated from each other by insulating thin films. The synthesis process is as follows: first, a metal powder was heated to form thin uniform Al-O-N film (-10nm). Then the coated powder was compacted and hot-press sintered with additives at a high pressure. The sintered materials had electric resistivities (106-108Ω·m) containing B2O3(+5nm-+20nm) higher than that of sintered one without additives.
Safety and Immunogenicity of 2 Mixed Primary Infant Immunization Schedules of Pentavalent Diphtheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis, Inactivated Poliomyelitis, and Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccines at 2, 4, and 6 Months of Age (2011)

Mixed 2-, 4-, 6-month pentavalent infant vaccine schedules had different immunogenicity and reactogenicity, with a PPI schedule being more reactogenic, and less immunogenic for PRP and fimbriae 2 and 3 antigens at 7 months. It is preferable to complete the primary infant 3-dose vaccine series with the same vaccine, rather than considering infant vaccines as interchangeable.
A Video Database for the Development of Stereo-3D Post-Production Algorithms (2010)

This paper introduces a new database of freely available stereo-3D content designed to facilitate research in stereo post-production. It describes the structure and content of the database and provides some details about how the material was gathered. The database includes examples of many of the scenarios characteristic to broadcast footage. Material was gathered at different locations including a studio with controlled lighting and both indoor and outdoor on-location sites with more restricted lighting control. An intended consequence of gathering the material is that the database contains examples of degradations that would be commonly present in real-world scenarios. This paper describes one such artefact caused by uneven exposure in the stereo views, causing saturation in the over-exposed view. An algorithm is proposed that replaces the saturated data by interpolating data from the unsaturated view in the wavelet domain.
How the Experts Do It: Assessing and Explaining Agent Behaviors in Real-Time Strategy Games (2017)

How should an AI-based explanation system explain an agent's complex behavior to ordinary end users who have no background in AI? Answering this question is an active research area, for if an AI-based explanation system could effectively explain intelligent agents' behavior, it could enable the end users to understand, assess, and appropriately trust (or distrust) the agents attempting to help them. To provide insights into this question, we turned to human expert explainers in the real-time strategy domain, "shoutcaster", to understand (1) how they foraged in an evolving strategy game in real time, (2) how they assessed the players' behaviors, and (3) how they constructed pertinent and timely explanations out of their insights and delivered them to their audience. The results provided insights into shoutcasters' foraging strategies for gleaning information necessary to assess and explain the players; a characterization of the types of implicit questions shoutcasters answered; and implications for creating explanations by using the patterns
OFDM With Hybrid Number and Index Modulation (2020)

A novel transmission scheme is introduced for efficient data transmission by conveying additional information bits through jointly changing the index and number of active subcarriers within each orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subblock. The proposed scheme is different from the conventional OFDM-subcarrier number modulation (OFDM-SNM) and OFDM-index modulation (OFDM-IM), in which data bits are transmitted using either number or index of active subcarriers. The proposed modulation technique offers superior spectral and energy efficiency compared to its counterparts OFDM-SNM and OFDM-IM, especially at low modulation orders such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK) that can provide high reliability and low complexity, thus making it very suitable for meeting the requirements of Internet of things (IoT) applications. Bit error rate (BER) performance analysis is provided for the proposed scheme, and Monte Carlo simulations are presented to prove the consistency of the simulated BER with the analyzed one. More importantly, it is demonstrated that the proposed scheme can offer much superior BER performance compared to that of OFDM-IM and classical OFDM under equivalent power and spectral efficiency values.
Anti-PcrV antibody in cystic fibrosis: A novel approach targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection (2013)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) airway infection is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). The type III secretion system is one of the factors responsible for the increased virulence and pro-inflammatory effects of Pa. KB001 is a PEGylated, recombinant, anti-Pseudomonas-PcrV antibody Fab' fragment that blocks the function of Pa TTSS. We studied the safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic properties of KB001 in CF subjects with chronic Pa infection. Twenty-seven eligible CF subjects (≥12 years of age, FEV1 ≥40% of predicted, and sputum Pa density >10(5) CFU/g) received a single intravenous dose of KB001 (3 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) or placebo. Safety, PK, Pa density, clinical outcomes, and inflammatory markers were assessed. KB001 had an acceptable safety profile and a mean serum half-life of 11.9 days. All subjects had Pa TTSS expression in sputum. There were no significant differences between KB001 and placebo for changes in Pa density, symptoms, or spirometry after a single dose. However, compared to baseline, at Day 28 there was a trend towards a dose-dependent reduction in sputum myeloperoxidase, IL-1, and IL-8, and there were significant overall differences in change in sputum neutrophil elastase and neutrophil counts favoring the KB001 10 mg/kg group versus placebo (-0.61 log(10) and -0.63 log(10) , respectively; P < 0.05). These results support targeting Pa TTSS with KB001 as a nonantibiotic strategy to reduce airway inflammation and damage in CF patients with chronic Pa infection. Repeat-dosing studies are necessary to evaluate the durability of the anti-inflammatory effects and how that may translate into clinical benefit. (NCT00638365).
Vinyl chloride polymers and their use in polymer blends (1989)

Abstract A short introduction to polymer‐polymer miscibility and to the prediction of the miscibility of polymers is given. The four main types of polymer‐modified poly(vinyl chloride) (plastification, impact modification, processing aids and heat deflection temperature modification) are explained by examples. The thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) in such blends is discussed; the effectivity of tin‐stabilizers may be higher in such blends than in pure poly(vinyl chloride).
ChemInform Abstract: Transition States for Oxidative Addition to Three‐Coordinate Ir(I): H—H, C—H, C—C, and C—F Bond Activation Processes (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comprehensive simulation platform for a metamaterial imaging system (2015)

Recently, a frequency-diverse, metamaterial-based aperture has been introduced in the context of microwave and millimeter wave imaging. The generic form of the aperture is that of a parallel plate waveguide, in which complementary metamaterial elements patterned into the upper plate couple energy from the waveguide mode to the scene. To reliably predict the imaging performance of such an aperture prior to fabrication and experiments, it is necessary to have an accurate forward model that predicts radiation from the aperture, a model for scattering from an arbitrary target in the scene, and a set of image reconstruction approaches that allow scene estimation from an arbitrary set of measurements. Here, we introduce a forward model in which the metamaterial elements are approximated as polarizable magnetic dipoles, excited by the fields propagating within the waveguide. The dipoles used in the model can have arbitrarily assigned polarizability characteristics. Alternatively, fields measured from actual metamaterial samples can be decomposed into a set of effective dipole radiators, allowing the performance of actual samples to be quantitatively modeled and compared with simulated apertures. To confirm the validity of our model, we simulate measurements and scene reconstructions with a virtual multiaperture imaging system operating in the K-band spectrum (18&#x2013;26.5&#xA0;GHz) and compare its performance with an experimental system.
Reconfigurable Metamaterials Formed Through a Combination of Nanowire Assemblies with Top-Down Fabricated Nanoantennas (2019)

In this paper we show that reconfigurable metamaterials can be achieved through a combination of nanowire assemblies with top-down lithographically fabricated nanoantennas. Simulation results show that the proposed metamaterials, which consist of assembled nanowire lattices and lithographically fabricated nanoantennas, exhibit strong chiral response in the near-infrared region. More importantly, chiroptical properties including the circular dichroism and handedness of the metamaterials can be controlled by varying the orientation of the assembled lattices. Our study reveals that directed self-assembly of nanoparticles in conjunction with nanostructures obtained from top-down fabrication approaches may open up new avenues for reconfigurable metadevices.
On Building a Cooperative Communication System: Testbed Implementation and First Results (2009)

We present the results from over-the-air experiments of a complete implementation of an amplify and forward cooperative communications link. Our custom OFDM-based physical layer uses a distributed version of the Alamouti block code, where the relay sends one of the branches of Alamouti-encoded symbols. First we show analytically and experimentally that amplify and forward protocols are unaffected by carrier frequency offsets at the relay. This result allows us to use a conventional Alamouti receiver without change for the distributed relay system, thereby allowing cooperative systems to reuse components of current (noncooperative) systems. Our full system implementation shows gains of up to 5.5 dB in peak power constrained networks. Thus, we can conclusively state that even the simplest form of relaying can lead to significant gains in practical implementations.
Zirconium(IV) Chloride Mediated Cyclodehydration of 1,2‐Diacylhydrazines: A Convenient Synthesis of 2,5‐Diaryl 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Critical Review: digital resolution biomolecular sensing for diagnostics and life science research (2020)

One of the frontiers in the field of biosensors is the ability to quantify specific target molecules with enough precision to count individual units in a test sample, and to observe the characteristics of individual biomolecular interactions. Technologies that enable observation of molecules with "digital precision" have applications for in vitro diagnostics with ultra-sensitive limits of detection, characterization of biomolecular binding kinetics with a greater degree of precision, and gaining deeper insights into biological processes through quantification of molecules in complex specimens that would otherwise be unobservable. In this review, we seek to capture the current state-of-the-art in the field of digital resolution biosensing. We describe the capabilities of commercially available technology platforms, as well as capabilities that have been described in published literature. We highlight approaches that utilize enzymatic amplification, nanoparticle tags, chemical tags, as well as label-free biosensing methods.
Comparative Analysis of Different In Row Cooler Management Configurations in a Hybrid Cooling Data Center (2015)

The heat dissipated by electronic equipment inside data centers is increasing at a rapid rate due to the increasing of performance requirement and package density. This ever increasing power leads to critical challenges of thermal management for these high power density data centers. Energy consumption is also a key issue for high density data centers. Roughly 1.5% of all U.S. electricity consumption in the year 2006 was related to data centers, while that number increased to 2% by the year 2010. In 2013, U.S. data centers consumed approximately 91 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity. This amount of the electricity equals the annual output of 34 500-megawatt coal-fired power plants [1]. Cooling systems constitute a significant portion of the energy consumption of data centers, being approximately 25%∼35% of the total energy usage. Therefore, there is a large potential to save energy by optimizing current existing cooling systems and investigating new cooling technologies, and, at the same time, improving the overall cooling capacity and efficiency. This paper describes and investigates a hybrid cooling technology which utilizes in row coolers in existing raised floor air cooled data centers. The in row cooler functions as a liquid-to-air heat exchanger. In addition to the traditional raised floor cold aisle-hot aisle arrangements, the in row cooler is installed between the IT equipment to enable delivering the liquid coolant medium closer to the IT equipment. The in row coolers intake the hot air from the hot aisle, condition it, and supply the chilled air to the cold aisle. Thus, by extracting a large portion of the heat more directly into the cooling liquid through the in row coolers compared with the perimeter CRAH unit, the overall cooling performance and efficiency can potentially be improved. CFD models for an in row cooler and a representative data center room are developed. Experimentally characterized performance data are used to calibrate and validate the models. The models are then used to conduct a detailed computational analysis to assess the effectiveness of different arrangement configurations of in row cooler units in two rows of racks along one cold aisle. The detailed performance of the entire cold aisle is characterized using the rack inlet air temperature and a temperature nonuniformity factor. The impact of CRAH location and room layout are also investigated. This study is based on a practical problem and the corresponding results and analysis provide basic installation and design guidelines for future equipment upgrading in certain parts of the data center.