gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comments on "Speciated measurements and calculated reactivities of vehicle exhaust emissions from conventional and reformulated gasolines" (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleComments on "Speciated measurements and calculated reactivities of vehicle exhaust emissions from conventional and reformulated gasolines"Donald H. StedmanCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 10, 2036Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00034a024https://doi.org/10.1021/es00034a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Angle-of-incidence performance of random anti-reflection structures on curved surfaces (2016)

Random anti-reflection structured surfaces (rARSS) have been reported to improve transmittance of optical-grade fused silica planar substrates to values greater than 99%. These textures are fabricated directly on the substrates using reactive-ion etching techniques, and often result in transmitted spectra with no measurable interference effects (fringes) for a wide range of wavelengths. The inductively coupled reactive-ion plasma (ICP-RIE) used in the fabrication process to etch the rARSS is anisotropic and thus well suited for planar components. The improvement in spectral transmission has been found to be independent of optical incidence angles for values from 0° to ±30°. Qualifying and quantifying the rARSS performance on curved substrates, such as convex lenses, is required to optimize the fabrication of the desired AR effect on optical-power elements. In this work, rARSS was fabricated on fused silica plano-convex lenses using a planar-substrate optimized ICP-RIE process to maximize optical transmission in the range from 500 to 1100 nm. Results are presented from optical transmission tests of rARSS lenses for both TE and TM incident polarizations at a wavelength of 633 nm and over a 70° full field of view. These results suggest optimization of the fabrication process to account for anisotropy is not required, mainly due to the wide angle-of-incidence AR tolerance performance of the rARSS lenses.
The entropy of water in swelling PGA/PAH polyelectrolyte multilayers (2013)

We investigated the thermodynamical properties of water exchanged in poly(l-glutamic acid)/poly(allylamine)hydrochloride (PGA/PAH) polyelectrolyte multilayers containing ferrocyanide. Oxidation/reduction of the ferrocyanide in the multilayer caused a reversible swelling/contraction of the film due to the uptake/release of counter ions and water. We used electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and electrochemical microcalorimetry to correlate the amount of water with the accompanying entropy changes during electrochemical swelling of the multilayer for a series of different anions at different concentrations. The number of exchanged water molecules was highly dependent on the ionic strength and the type of anion in the buffer solution. However, the entropy change per exchanged water molecule was found to be independent of these two parameters. The water molecules in the polyelectrolyte multilayer have reduced the entropy compared to that of bulk water (≈-1 J mol(-1) K(-1)). A comparison of hydration entropies for free polyelectrolytes and PGA/PAH multilayers suggests that such systems are mainly stabilized by water release during multilayer construction.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cholera toxin promotes pathogen acquisition of host-derived nutrients. (2019)

Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a potentially lethal enteric bacterial infection1. Cholera toxin (CTX), a protein complex that is secreted by V. cholerae, is required for V. cholerae to cause severe disease. CTX is also thought to promote transmission of the organism, as infected individuals shed many litres of diarrhoeal fluid that typically contains in excess of 1011 organisms per litre. How the pathogen is able to reach such high concentrations in the intestine during infection remains poorly understood. Here we show that CTX increases pathogen growth and induces a distinct V. cholerae transcriptomic signature that is indicative of an iron-depleted gut niche. During infection, bacterial pathogens need to acquire iron, which is an essential nutrient for growth2. Most iron in the mammalian host is found in a chelated form within the porphyrin structure of haem, and the ability to use haem as a source of iron is genetically encoded by V. cholerae3. We show that the genes that enable V. cholerae to obtain iron via haem and vibriobactin confer a growth advantage to the pathogen only when CTX is produced. Furthermore, we found that CTX-induced congestion of capillaries in the terminal ileum correlated with an increased bioavailability of luminal haem. CTX-induced disease in the ileum also led to increased concentrations of long-chain fatty acids and L-lactate metabolites in the lumen, as well as the upregulation of V. cholerae genes that encode enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle that contain iron-sulfur clusters. Genetic analysis of V. cholerae suggested that pathogen growth was dependent on the uptake of haem and long-chain fatty acids during infection, but only in a strain capable of producing CTX in vivo. We conclude that CTX-induced disease creates an iron-depleted metabolic niche in the gut, which selectively promotes the growth of V. cholerae through the acquisition of host-derived haem and fatty acids. PMID: 31367037 Funding information This work was supported by: NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: T32 AI007061 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R37 AI018045 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI018045
A single-cell view on alga-virus interactions reveals sequential transcriptional programs and infection states (2020)

Single-cell dual RNA sequencing reveals giant virus infection dynamics in a marine bloom-forming alga.
Cost Assessment and Optimisation for WINNER Deployments (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Cost Assessment Framework and Assumptions Cost Components Cost Assessment Models Reference Deployment Scenarios and Cost Assessments Conclusion Acknowledgements References
The Easter Egg Weevil ( Pachyrhynchus ) genome reveals synteny in Coleoptera across 200 million years of evolution (2020)

Abstract Patterns of genomic architecture across insects remain largely undocumented or decoupled from a broader phylogenetic context. For instance, it is unknown whether translocation rates differ between insect orders? We address broad scale patterns of genome architecture across Insecta by examining synteny in a phylogenetic framework from open source insect genomes. To accomplish this, we add a chromosome level genome to a crucial lineage, Coleoptera. Our assembly of the Pachyrhynchus sulphureomaculatus genome is the first chromosome scale genome for the hyperdiverse Phytophaga lineage and currently the largest insect genome assembled to this scale. The genome is significantly larger than those of other weevils, and this increase in size is caused by repetitive elements. Our results also indicate that, among beetles, there are instances of long-lasting (&gt;200 Ma) localization of genes to a particular chromosome with few translocation events. While some chromosomes have a paucity of translocations, intra-chromosomal synteny was almost absent, with gene order thoroughly shuffled along a chromosome. To place our findings in an evolutionary context, we compared syntenic patterns across Insecta. We find that synteny largely scales with clade age, with younger clades, such as Lepidoptera, having especially high synteny. However, we do find subtle differences in the maintenance of synteny and its rate of decay among the insect orders.
Charge Trapping and Reliability Properties of MONOS Memory with High-k Blocking Layer (2011)

Carrier trapping and reliability characteristics during the cycling operation of metal-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductor (MONOS) devices with a high-k blocking layer (Al2O3) have been studied by measuring the injected charge during programming and erasing (P/E). The evaluated charge centroid during P/E indicates that the traps near the SiN/Al2O3 interface are filled at high electric field, while bulk traps in the SiN layer are also available at low electric field. The degradation of MONOS devices in cycling operation is found to be strongly correlated with injected charge during erasing. It is indispensable to suppress hole injection, as well as lowering the electric field to improve endurance of MONOS devices. The discussion of this paper also extends to the structure of the charge trapping layer to improve both cycling endurance and retention simultaneously. Finally, we report that a high-k blocking layer has significant impact on data readout and programming characteristics through its transient dielectric properties.
A music stream segregation system based on adaptive multi-agents (1997)

A principal problem of auditory scene analysis is stream segregation: decomposing an input acoustic signal into signals of individual sound sources included in the input. While existing signal processing algorithms cannot properly solve this inverse problem, a multiagentbased architecture has been considered to be a promising methodology in its modularity and scalability. However, most attempts made so far depend on subjectively defined rules to deal with variability of sounds. Here we propose a quantitatively principled architecture in agent interaction by formulating the problem as least-squares optimization. In this architecture, adaptation of the agents is the essential idea. We have developed two kinds of processing to realize adaptivity: template filtering and phase tracking. These mechanisms enable each agent to optimally, in the least-squares sense, track the individual sound. As an example application of the proposed architecture, we have built a music recognition system that recognizes instrument names and pitches of the notes included in ensemble music performances. Experimental results show that these adaptive mechanisms significantly improve the recognition accuracy.
Viral dynamics of Omicron and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants with implications for timing of release from isolation: a longitudinal cohort study (2022)

Beyond day 5, 17% of our Delta and Omicron-infected cohort were culture positive. We saw no significant impact of booster vaccination on within-host Omicron viral dynamics. Additionally, we found that rapid antigen testing may provide reassurance of lack of infectiousness.
Sticking probabilities of H2O and Al(CH3)3 during atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 extracted from their impact on film conformality (2019)

The conformality of a film grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is strongly affected by the reactivities of the precursor and coreactant, which can be expressed in terms of their sticking probabilities toward the surface. We show that the leading front of the thickness profile in high-aspect-ratio structures gives direct information on the sticking probabilities of the reactants under most conditions. The slope of the front has been used to determine the sticking probabilities of Al(CH3)3 and H2O during ALD of Al2O3. The determined values are (0.5–2) × 10−3 for Al(CH3)3 and (0.8–2) × 10−4 for H2O at a set-point temperature of 275 °C, corresponding to an estimated substrate temperature of ∼220 °C. Additionally, the thickness profiles reveal soft-saturation behavior during the H2O step, most dominantly at reduced temperatures, which can limit the conformality of Al2O3 grown by ALD. This work thus provides insights regarding quantitative information on sticking probabilities and conformality during ALD, which is valuable for gaining a deeper understanding of ALD kinetics.
Exon repetition: a major pathway for processing mRNA of some genes is allele-specific (2004)

Exon repetition describes the presence of tandemly repeated exons in mRNA in the absence of duplications in the genome. Its existence challenges our understanding of gene expression, because the linear organization of sequences in apparently normal genes must be subverted during RNA synthesis or processing. It is restricted to a small number of genes in some of which over half of the mRNA contains specific patterns of repetition. Although it is sometimes assumed to arise by trans-splicing, there is no evidence of this and the efficiency is very much higher than for examples of bona fide trans-splicing in mammals. Furthermore, a potentially ubiquitous reaction such as trans-splicing is not consistent with a phenomenon that involves such a high proportion of the products of so few genes. Instead, it seems more probable that exon repetition is caused by a specific trans-acting factor. We have tested this and demonstrate for the two best characterized examples that the property is restricted to specific alleles of the affected genes and is determined in cis. It is not determined by exonic splicing signals, as had been suggested previously. In heterozygotes, RNA transcribed from the two alleles of an affected gene can have fundamentally different fates.
A quantitative model of the effect of grain size on the resistivity of polycrystalline silicon resistors (1980)

The effect of grain size on the resistivity of polycrystalline silicon films has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that existing models do not accurately predict the resistivity dependence on doping concentration as grain size increases. A new modified trapping theory demonstrates from a good agreement with experimental results that a significant increase in grain size drastically reduces the sensitivity of polysilicon resistivity to doping concentration.
Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit in the asymptomatic professional pitcher and its relationship to humeral retroversion. (2008)

The purpose of this study was to determine if glenohumeral internal rotation deficits (GIRD) exist in an asymptomatic population of professional pitchers, and to assess whether these changes are primarily a bony or soft tissue adaptation. Twenty three, active, asymptomatic professional (Major League Baseball) pitchers volunteered for the study. Clinical measures of glenohumeral ranges of motion, laxity, GIRD, as well as radiographic measures of humeral retroversion were taken by two independent orthopaedic surgeons. Data comparing side to side differences in range of motion, laxity, and humeral retroversion were analyzed for statistical significance using a paired t-test for continuous data and a Chi-squared test for ordinal data, with a significance set at 0.05. Evaluations of statistical correlations between different measurement parameters were accomplished using a Pearson product moment correlation. We hypothesized GIRD will be positively correlated with humeral retroversion (HR) in the pitching arm. All clinical and radiographic measures were made in the field, at spring training, by physicians of both private and institutional based sports medicine practices. For the entire group, significant differences were exhibited for HR, external rotation at 90° and internal rotation at 90°, for dominant vs. non-dominant arms. GIRD of greater than 25° was noted in 10/23 of pitchers. In this group, HR was significantly increased and correlated to GIRD. No such increase or correlation was noted for the non-GIRD group. GIRD is a common finding in asymptomatic professional pitchers, and is related to humeral retroversion. Thus internal rotation deficits should not be used as the sole screening tool to diagnose the disabled throwing shoulder. Key pointsGIRD is relatively common in asymptomatic baseball pitchers (35-43%).Large ranges (-45 to 5°) and a large standard deviation (±16°) were noted suggesting that GIRD is quite variable in this population.GIRD is a variable measure in the asymptomatic population, and therefore should not be used as sole proof for the disabled throwing shoulder.
HOPE (2011)

Hotspot congestion control is one of the most challenging issues when designing a high-throughput low-latency network on the chip (NOC). When a destination node is overloaded, it starts pushing back the packets destined for it, which in turns blocks the packets destined for other nodes. How to detect the occurrence(s) of hotspot and notify all source nodes to regulate their traffic to the hotspot node(s) can be quite complex because of potentially high volume of information to be collected and the non-negligible latency between the detection point of congestion and the source nodes. In this paper, we propose an effective end-to-end flow control scheme, called HOPE (HOtspot PrEvention), to resolve the hotspot congestion problem for the Clos network on the chip (CNOC). Specifically, HOPE regulates the injected traffic rate proactively by estimating the number of packets inside the switch network destined for each destination and applying a simple stop-and-go protocol to prevent hotspot traffic from jamming the internal links of the network. We evaluate HOPE's overall performance and the required hardware. Extensive simulation results based on both static and dynamic hotspot traffic patterns confirm that HOPE can effectively regulate hotspot flows and improve system performance. Our hardware analysis shows that HOPE has very small logic overhead.
PRACTICAL PERFORMANCE ESTIMATION ON SHARED-MEMORY MULTIPROCESSORS (2002)

There has been much work done modeling, simulating, and measuring the performance of locking primitives under high levels of contention. However, an important key to producing high-performance parallel programs is to maintain extremely low levels of contention. Despite its importance, the low-contention regime has been largely neglected. In order to fill this gap, this paper analyzes the performance of several commonly used locking primitives under low levels of contention. The costs predicted by a number of analysis methodologies are compared to measurements taken on real hardware, thereby showing where each may be safely used. Use of
Stacked organic photosensitive devices (2023)

A device is provided having a first electrode, a second electrode, a first photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength .lamda..sub.1 and a second photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength .lamda..sub.2. The photoactive regions are disposed between the first and second electrodes, and further positioned on the same side of a reflective layer, such that the first photoactive region is closer to the reflective layer than the second photoactive region. The materials comprising the photoactive regions may be selected such that .lamda..sub.1 is at least about 10% different from .lamda..sub.2. The device may further comprise an exciton blocking layer disposed adjacent to and in direct contact with the organic acceptor material of each photoactive region, wherein the LUMO of each exciton blocking layer other than that closest to the cathode is not more than about 0.3 eV greater than the LUMO of the acceptor material.
A Backup Plan for Self‐Protection: S‐Methylation of Holomycin Biosynthetic Intermediates in Streptomyces clavuligerus (2012)

Biosynthesis of the dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic holomycin in Streptomyces clavuligerus involves the closure of a pair of enethiols to a cyclic disulfide. We have shown that the dithiol oxidase HlmI is responsible for the disulfide formation and this enzyme also plays a role in self-protection. In the present study, we examine how S. clavuligerus deals with the proposed toxic dithiol intermediates when hlmI is deleted. We used differential NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to profile the metabolomes of hlmI deletion mutants along with the wild-type strain and a holomycin-overproducing strain. A number of metabolites unique to ΔhlmI strains were identified. In these metabolites the enethiols have been incapacitated by a combination of mono- and di-S-methylation. We also observed an intriguing dimeric thioether adduct in low quantities in the wild-type strain and at much higher levels in the ΔhlmI strains. The structures of these novel metabolites highlight the reactivity of the dihydrodithiolopyrrolone scaffold. Furthermore, bioassays suggest that modification of the enethiol warhead by S-alkylation provides a host strategy for detoxification, one that is shared amongst multiple species producing such bioactive disulfide natural products.
Total Absorption in Finite Time in an $iδ$ Potential (2001)

We consider the evolution of Green's function of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation in the presence of the complex potential $-ikδ(x)$. Our result is the construction of an explicit time-dependent solution which we use to calculate the time-dependent survival probability of a quantum particle. The survival probability decays to zero in finite time, which means that the complex delta potential well is a total absorber for quantum particles. This potential can be interpreted as a killing measure with infinite killing rate concentrated at the origin.
Tungsten–zirconia-supported rhenium catalyst combined with a deoxydehydration catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 1,4-butanediol from 1,4-anhydroerythritol (2020)

Biomass-derived 1,4-anhydroerythritol is reduced to 1,4-butanediol over a reusable mixture of heterogeneous catalysts, ReO<sub>x</sub>–Au/CeO<sub>2</sub> and ReO<sub>x</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub>–ZrO<sub>2</sub>.
Abstract 19982: Patients With Heart Failure With Normal Ejection Fraction Develop Significant Diastolic Ventricular Interaction During Exercise (2016)

Introduction: Diastolic ventricular interaction (DVI) is the phenomenon in which raised diastolic pressure in the right ventricle impedes the filling of the left ventricle via the interventricular ...
Segmental Gracilis Muscle Transplantation for Midfacial Animation in Möbius Syndrome: A 29-Year Experience (2019)

Therapeutic, IV.
Effect of substituent groups of diphenyl disulfide on novel cationic oxidative polymerization: examination of the electrophilic reaction of the cation by computational calculation (1991)

Abstract Substituent groups of the diphenyl disulfides (DPSs) influence the cationic oxidative polymerization in the formation of polyphenylene sulfides (PPSs). A semiempirical MO calculation (AM1) was performed on the model compounds of PPS, such as thioanisoles (TAs) and diphenyl sulfides (PSs), in order to elucidate the reactivity of the cation. Linear PPS is formed on polymerization because of the high electron density of the carbon in the para position. The ratios of the frontier electron density of the carbon in the para position on the disulfide to the sulfur atom are ordered as follows; 3,5‐dimethyl‐PS&gt;2,5‐dimethyl‐PS‐3‐methyl‐PS&gt;nonsubstituted PS&gt;2‐methyl‐PS&gt;2,6‐dimethyl‐PS. The formation energies of the σ‐complex, which is the intermediate of the reaction, also shows the same order. The theoretical calculation indicates that 3,5‐dimethyl disubstituted disulfide and 3‐methyl one are most preferable monomers of this cationic oxidative polymerization.