gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The congruence subgroup problem for the free metabelian group on $n\geq4$ generators (2020)

The congruence subgroup problem for a finitely generated group \Gamma asks whether the map \widehat{\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma)}\to \mathrm{Aut}(\widehat{\Gamma}) is injective, or more generally, what is its kernel C(\Gamma) ? Here \widehat{X} denotes the profinite completion of X . It is well known that for finitely generated free abelian groups C(\mathbb{Z}^{n})=\{ 1\} for every n\geq3 , but C(\mathbb{Z}^{2})=\widehat{F}_{\omega} , where \widehat{F}_{\omega} is the free profinite group on countably many generators. Considering \Phi_{n} , the free metabelian group on n generators, it was also proven that C(\Phi_{2})=\widehat{F}_{\omega} and C(\Phi_{3})\supseteq\widehat{F}_{\omega} . In this paper we prove that C(\Phi_{n}) for n\geq4 is abelian. So, while the dichotomy in the abelian case is between n=2 and n\geq3 , in the metabelian case it is between n=2,3 and n\geq4 .
Ultraflexible Polymer Solar Cells Using Amorphous Zinc−Indium−Tin Oxide Transparent Electrodes (2013)

Polymer solar cells are fabricated on highly conductive, transparent amorphous zinc indium tin oxide (a-ZITO) electrodes. For two representative active layer donor polymers, P3HT and PTB7, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are comparable to reference devices using polycrystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Benefitting from the amorphous character of a-ZITO, the new devices are highly flexible and can be repeatedly bent to a radius of 5 mm without significant PCE reduction.
Performance Analysis with Imperfect Channel Estimation in Cooperative Diversity (2006)

This paper focuses on the accurate performance evaluation of cooperative diversity technique with imperfect channel estimates. The channel environment for simulations and performance evaluation is supposed to be the slowly time-varying Rayleigh fading channel. The framework of the performance evaluation is based on the Moment Generating Function(MGF) approach. To apply the effect of this channel estimation error into the performance evaluation, we import an useful Gaussian approximation in formulating the effective noise component and the additive noise. The average BER performance of cooperative diversity with M-PSK and M-QAM is computed as a function of the ratio of the signal to the effective noise based on the approximation. The verification of computed performance is provided with simulations. The evaluated performance matches up to simulation results even in a low SNR region.
GaN 2.0: Power FinFETs, Complementary Gate Drivers and Low-Cost Vertical Devices (2021)

This paper summarizes recent progress on the development of high frequency power switches based on Gallium Nitride (GaN). Both lateral and vertical device structures will be discussed, as well as a new all-GaN complementary gate driver technology which could increase the operating frequency of GaN power circuits beyond 10 MHz. The paper concludes with a discussion on future technologies that could improve the device performance even further, such as superjunction structures.
Photo-crosslinking of a polyurethane with pendant methacryloyl-Terminated 4-Alkoxy-4'-sulfamoylstilbene NLO Chromophores (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhoto-crosslinking of a polyurethane with pendant methacryloyl-Terminated 4-Alkoxy-4'-sulfamoylstilbene NLO ChromophoresJody E Beecher, Tony Durst, Jean M. J. Frechet, Adelheid Godt, and Craig S. WillandCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 13, 3472–3477Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00091a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00091a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
62.3: Production Considerations for Bistable Droplet Driven Electrowetting Displays (2012)

Abstract The electrowetting displays are widely discussed within the last years. A colored liquid is deformed or moved from a visible to a non‐visible position. The production aspects of such microfluidic structures has to cover microfluidic channel structures, filling procedures, sealing, temperature stability and ‐ electrodes for matrix driving. The requirement of reasonable production costs need to balance these requirements. We will show some examples how the design and production is realized and will present some cost consideration.
Introduction to the focus issue on granular materials (1999)

In a review paper [H. M. Jaeger, S. R. Nagel, and R. P. Behringer, "Granular solids, liquids and gases," Rev. Mod. Phys. 68, 1259-1273 (1996)] a few years ago, we wrote about granular material as a distinctive form of matter that exhibits behavior rather different from that of ordinary solids, liquids, or gases. We traced this distinction to three characteristic properties. First, the individual particles making up a granular material are typically large so that thermal energy is irrelevant compared to gravitational energy. Consequently, concepts from equilibrium statistical mechanics are often not applicable. Second, the interactions between particles are frictional and can be mobilized to different degrees depending on the preparation history, giving rise to memory effects, i.e., a static pile will remember how it was formed. Third, when particles collide they do so inelastically so that a "gas" of particles will slow down and come to rest in clumps. In the intervening years, the research on granular matter has progressed rapidly and this may be a good time to ask what we have learned since that article was written. In this spirit, the present special issue of the journal Chaos assembles a spectrum of papers discussing recent developments in the field. (c) 1999 American Institute of Physics.
Decoupling graphene from SiC(0001) via oxidation (2010)

When epitaxial graphene layers are formed on SiC(0001), the first carbon layer (known as the ``buffer layer''), while relatively easy to synthesize, does not have the desirable electrical properties of graphene. The conductivity is poor due to a disruption of the graphene $\ensuremath{\pi}$ bands by covalent bonding to the SiC substrate. Here we show that it is possible to restore the graphene $\ensuremath{\pi}$ bands by inserting a thin oxide layer between the buffer layer and SiC substrate using a low temperature, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-compatible process that does not damage the graphene layer.
ChemInform Abstract: Inorganic Cryptand: Size‐Selective Strong Metallic Cation Encapsulation by a Disilicoicosatungstate (Si2W20) Polyoxometalate. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Th2-predominant inflammation and blockade of IFN-γ signaling induce aneurysms in allografted aortas (2004)

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) cause death due to complications related to expansion and rupture. The underlying mechanisms that drive AAA development remain largely unknown. We recently described evidence for a shift toward T helper type 2 (Th2) cell responses in human AAAs compared with stenotic atheromas. To evaluate putative pathways in AAA formation, we induced Th1-or Th2-predominant cytokine environments in an inflammatory aortic lesion using murine aortic transplantation into WT hosts or those lacking the receptors for the hallmark Th1 cytokine IFN-, respectively. Allografts in WT recipients developed intimal hyperplasia, whereas allografts in IFN- receptor-deficient (GRKO) hosts developed severe AAA formation associated with markedly increased levels of MMP-9 and MMP-12. Allografts in GRKO recipients treated with anti-IL-4 antibody to block the characteristic IL-4 Th2 cytokine or allografts in GRKO hosts also congenitally deficient in IL-4 did not develop AAA and likewise exhibited attenuated collagenolytic and elastolytic activities. These observations demonstrate an important dichotomy between cellular immune responses that induce IFN--or IL-4-dominated cytokine environments. The findings establish important regulatory roles for a Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in modulating matrix remodeling and have important implications for the pathophysiology of AAAs and arteriosclerosis.
Current-Steering Digital-to-Analog Converter With a High-PSRR Current Switch (2011)

A power-supply noise (PSN) reduction method for a fully differential current-steering digital-to-analog converter is presented. The method employs a proposed auxiliary path in each current switch and makes PSN-induced currents common-mode ones at the positive and negative outputs, resulting in the differential output with PSN suppressed. The proposed switch also has the capability to cancel out glitch. The simulation results show that the influence due to PSN is effectively reduced and the spurious-free dynamic range is improved.
Dynamic Zoom-in Network for Fast Object Detection in Large Images (2017)

We introduce a generic framework that reduces the computational cost of object detection while retaining accuracy for scenarios where objects with varied sizes appear in high resolution images. Detection progresses in a coarse-to-fine manner, first on a down-sampled version of the image and then on a sequence of higher resolution regions identified as likely to improve the detection accuracy. Built upon reinforcement learning, our approach consists of a model (R-net) that uses coarse detection results to predict the potential accuracy gain for analyzing a region at a higher resolution and another model (Q-net) that sequentially selects regions to zoom in. Experiments on the Caltech Pedestrians dataset show that our approach reduces the number of processed pixels by over 50% without a drop in detection accuracy. The merits of our approach become more significant on a high resolution test set collected from YFCC100M dataset, where our approach maintains high detection performance while reducing the number of processed pixels by about 70% and the detection time by over 50%.
Proposal of a novel diabetogenic mechanism involving the serpin PAI‐1 (2006)

Metabolic Syndrome is a cluster of risk factors (including obesity, hypertension and insulin resistance), which is associated with late-onset diabetes and coronary heart disease. Elevated levels of the protease inhibitor PAI-1 are well-known molecular markers of the Metabolic Syndrome. Here, however, we present a hypothesis that PAI-1 acts as a causative factor in the development of Metabolic Syndrome and its clinical sequelae. We propose that PAI-1 inhibits the activity of members of the proprotein convertase (PC) class of serine proteases and that this underlies, at a molecular level, many of the other features of the Metabolic Syndrome cluster.
Experimental Evidence for Therapeutic Potentials of Propolis (2021)

Propolis is produced by honeybees from materials collected from plants they visit. It is a resinous material having mixtures of wax and bee enzymes. Propolis is also known as bee glue and used by bees as a building material in their hives, for blocking holes and cracks, repairing the combs and strengthening their thin borders. It has been extensively used since ancient times for different purposes in traditional human healthcare practices. The quality and composition of propolis depend on its geographic location, climatic zone and local flora. The New Zealand and Brazilian green propolis are the two main kinds that have been extensively studied in recent years. Their bioactive components have been found to possess a variety of therapeutic potentials. It was found that Brazilian green propolis improves the cognitive functions of mild cognitive impairments in patients living at high altitude and protects them from neurodegenerative damage through its antioxidant properties. It possesses artepillin C (ARC) as the key component, also known to possess anticancer potential. The New Zealand propolis contains caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) as the main bioactive with multiple therapeutic potentials. Our lab performed in vitro and in vivo assays on the extracts prepared from New Zealand and Brazilian propolis and their active ingredients. We provided experimental evidence that these extracts possess anticancer, antistress and hypoxia-modulating activities. Furthermore, their conjugation with γCD proved to be more effective. In the present review, we portray the experimental evidence showing that propolis has the potential to be a candidate drug for different ailments and improve the quality of life.
Comparison of intraoperative neuromonitoring accuracies and procedures associated with alarms in anterior versus posterior fusion for cervical spinal disorders: A prospective multi-institutional cohort study (2022)

A prospective multicenter cohort study. To clarify the differences in the accuracy of transcranial motor-evoked potentials (TcE-MEPs) and procedures associated with the alarms between cervical anterior spinal fusion (ASF) and posterior spinal fusion (PSF). Neurological complications after TcE-MEP alarms have been prevented by appropriate interventions for cervical degenerative disorders. The differences in the accuracy of TcE-MEPs and the timing of alarms between cervical ASF and PSF noted in the existing literature remain unclear. Patients (n = 415) who underwent cervical ASF (n = 171) or PSF (n = 244) at multiple institutions for cervical spondylotic myelopathy, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, spinal injury, and others were analyzed. Neurological complications, TcE-MEP alarms defined as a decreased amplitude of ≤70% compared to the control waveform, interventions after alarms, and TcE-MEP results were compared between the 2 surgeries. The incidence of neurological complications was 1.2% in the ASF group and 2.0% in the PSF group, with no significant intergroup differences (P-value was .493). Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and rate of rescue were 50.0%, 95.2%, 99.4%, and 1.8%, respectively, in the ASF group, and 80.0%, 90.9%, 99.5%, and 2.9%, respectively, in the PSF group. The accuracy of TcE-MEPs was not significantly different between the 2 groups (P-value was .427 in sensitivity, .109 in specificity, and .674 in negative predictive value). The procedures associated with the alarms were decompression in 3 cases and distraction in 1 patient in the ASF group. The PSF group showed Tc-MEPs decreased during decompression, mounting rods, turning positions, and others. Most alarms went off during decompression in ASF, whereas various stages of the surgical procedures were associated with the alarms in PSF. There were no significant differences in the accuracy of TcE-MEPs between the 2 surgeries.
Implantable Hearing Device Performance Measured by Laser Doppler Interferometry (1997)

Recent application of the Doppler principle laser interferometry to audiology, acoustics and otology has facilitated the development of implantable hearing devices (IHDs). During the design and testing of two different electromagnetic middle ear implants for sensorineural hearing loss, we used single-point laser Doppler interferometry (LDI). A commercially available interferometer, internally calibrated and validated against a National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) standard, was used with both mechanical fixtures and fresh temporal bones to evaluate implant mass, shape and orientation, attachment, electromagnetic coupling and acoustic properties. At both Hough Ear Institute and Symphonix Devices, Inc., we have shown that high fidelity and amplitudes can be recorded in vitro over a frequency range of 500 Hz to 10 kHz. These data can provide greater assurance of safety and efficacy to regulatory agencies before entering clinical trials. We propose that LDI be considered as an international standard for accurate, consistent comparison of performances of all IHDs during development. Furthermore, the future availability of human IHD data will allow for the extrapolation of a mechanical bench model of the middle ear transfer function for use in quality control during manufacturing and diagnosis of failure in IHDs.
Virus Infection Activates IL-1β and IL-18 Production in Human Macrophages by a Caspase-1-Dependent Pathway (1999)

Abstract Monocytes and macrophages play a significant role in host’s defense system, since they produce a number of cytokines in response to microbial infections. We have studied IL-1β, IL-18, IFN-α/β, and TNF-α gene expression and protein production in human primary monocytes and GM-CSF-differentiated macrophages during influenza A and Sendai virus infections. Virus-infected monocytes released only small amounts of IL-1β or IL-18 protein, whereas 7- and 14-day-old GM-CSF-differentiated macrophages readily produced these cytokines. Constitutive expression of proIL-18 was seen in monocytes and macrophages, and the expression of it was enhanced during monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Expression of IL-18 mRNA was clearly induced only by Sendai virus, whereas both influenza A and Sendai viruses induced IL-1β mRNA expression. Since caspase-1 is known to cleave proIL-1β and proIL-18 into their mature, active forms, we analyzed the effect of a specific caspase-1 inhibitor on virus-induced IL-1β and IL-18 production. The release of IL-1β and IL-18, but not that of IFN-α/β or TNF-α, was clearly blocked by the inhibitor. Our results suggest that the cellular differentiation is a crucial factor that affects the capacity of monocytes/macrophages to produce IL-1β and IL-18 in response to virus infections. Furthermore, the virus-induced activation of caspase-1 is required for the efficient production of biologically active IL-1β and IL-18.
Superoxide generation by human blood leucocytes under the effect of cytolytic agents. (1985)

Human blood leucocytes generate large amounts of superoxide following stimulation by polyarginine, polyanetholesulphonate and mixtures of a variety of soluble agents. Generation of O2-. by the various "cocktails" of soluble ligands is markedly enhanced by cytochalasins A, B, C, D, E and F. The efficiency of cytochalasin A is, however, at least 50-fold greater than that of the other cytochalasins. Leucocytes that have been treated for a few minutes with the cytolytic agents saponin, digitonin and lysolecithin undergo lysis and lose their superoxide-producing capacities, when a variety of soluble ligands are employed to stimulate superoxide production. A partial reactivation of the superoxide-producing capacities of the leucocytes can be achieved by adding NADPH. However, as the concentration of the cytolytic agents increases, reactivation of the cytochrome C reduction is less inhibitable by SOD, suggesting that cell lysis releases reductases of cytochrome C not connected with the superoxide-producing system of the leucocytes. Both saponin and digitonin can totally replace polyarginine as ingredients of the "cocktail," suggesting that these agents may also function as "priming agents" for superoxide production which can, however, further be enhanced by the addition of mixtures of soluble agents. Thus, leucocytes which had been lysed by membrane-active agents can nevertheless produce superoxide if adequate amounts of NADPH are added.
Reset circuits with energy recovery for solid state modulators (2007)

In power modulators for pulses in the μs-range often transformers are used for generating high output voltages. With standard topologies the transformer is usually only excited unipolary, i.e. the flux density B swings between zero and a value close to the saturation flux density.
578: Effect of the Dual 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Dutasteride on Markers of Regression in Prostate Cancer (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Sunday, May 9, 2004, 1:00 - 5:00 pm1 Apr 2004578: Effect of the Dual 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Dutasteride on Markers of Regression in Prostate Cancer Gerald L. Andriole, Peter Humphrey, Paul Ray, Martin E. Gleave, John Trachtenberg, Lynn N. Thomas, Catherine B. Lazier, and Roger S. Rittmaster Gerald L. AndrioleGerald L. Andriole More articles by this author , Peter HumphreyPeter Humphrey More articles by this author , Paul RayPaul Ray More articles by this author , Martin E. GleaveMartin E. Gleave More articles by this author , John TrachtenbergJohn Trachtenberg More articles by this author , Lynn N. ThomasLynn N. Thomas More articles by this author , Catherine B. LazierCatherine B. Lazier More articles by this author , and Roger S. RittmasterRoger S. Rittmaster More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)37840-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "578: Effect of the Dual 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Dutasteride on Markers of Regression in Prostate Cancer." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), pp. 153–154 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 153-154 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Gerald L. Andriole More articles by this author Peter Humphrey More articles by this author Paul Ray More articles by this author Martin E. Gleave More articles by this author John Trachtenberg More articles by this author Lynn N. Thomas More articles by this author Catherine B. Lazier More articles by this author Roger S. Rittmaster More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Microstructure and Electrical Properties of SrTiO3-based Ceramics. (1994)

Relationships between microstructure and electrical properties of SrTiO3-based varistor have been studied. Si-rich amorphous layers(several nm thick) are found at the grain boundaries when reduced enough under much lower oxygen partial pressure(Po2) than that of firing step after sintering. Then, the sample shows a large V-I nonlinear coefficient(α). On the other hand, the sample without reducing treatment has grain boundaries of facet. structure, and then, shows a small α. Behavior of oxygen diffusion during re-oxidation is changed by the reducing treatment ; from volume diffusion controlled to grain-boundary diffusion controlled.
Phytochemical study-Biological activities and application of q 1H-NMR method to determination of paeoniflorin/gnetin in three Paeonia species, endemic in Greece (2021)

Paeonia, is the single genus in Paeoniaceae, distributed in Europe and Asia. Peony is named after Paeon, student of Greek father of medicine Asclepius and has been cultivated in China since the Han dynasty named the “king of flowers” and “flowers of richness and honor” [1]. We report herein, the phytochemical study on black fertile seeds (BS) and red infertile ones (RS) of three endemic Greek paeony species: Paeonia clusii subsp. rhodia, P. clusii subsp. clusii and P. mascula subsp. Mascula, not previously studied.