gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Tensile Property of Sandwich Panel with ADC12 Foam Core by Friction Stir Processing Route (2013)

An aluminum foam sandwich, which consists of an aluminum foam core and two dense metallic face sheets, is a lightweight structural component with good energy and vibration absorption properties. In this study, using aluminum alloy die casting ADC12 plates containing large amount of gases, sandwich panels with metallurgical bonding between ADC12 aluminum foam core and dense aluminum sheets, of which the thickness was 3 mm and 1 mm, were fabricated by friction stir processing route. Through the observations of the dense sheets and the pore structure of aluminum foam core, the foaming condition for obtaining high porosity and good pore structure, and keeping a dense aluminum plate as surface plate simultaneously was discussed. Moreover, tensile tests were carried out on the fabricated aluminum foam sandwiches and it was shown that the bonding strength of interface is higher than the tensile strength of aluminum foam core.
Imaging outer segment renewal in living human cone photoreceptors (2010)

In vertebrate eyes, vision begins when the photoreceptor's outer segment absorbs photons and generates a neural signal destined for the brain. The extreme optical and metabolic demands of this process of phototransduction necessitate continual renewal of the outer segment. Outer segment renewal has been long studied in post-mortem rods using autoradiography, but has been observed neither in living photoreceptors nor directly in cones. Using adaptive optics, which permits the resolution of cones, and temporally coherent illumination, which transforms the outer segment into a "biological interferometer," we observed cone renewal in three subjects, manifesting as elongation of the cone outer segment, with rates ranging from 93 to 113 nm/hour (2.2 to 2.7 microm/day). In one subject we observed renewal occurring over 24 hours, with small but significant changes in renewal rate over the day. We determined that this novel method is sensitive to changes in outer segment length of 139 nm, more than 20 times better than the axial resolution of ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography, the best existing method for depth imaging of the living retina.
Crystal Structure of the $\tau_{11}$ Al$_4$Fe$_{1.7}$Si Phase from Neutron Diffraction and Ab Initio Calculations (2021)

The intermetallic $\tau_{11}$ Al$_4$Fe$_{1.7}$Si phase is of interest for high-temperature structural application due to its combination of low density and high strength. We determine the crystal structure of the $\tau_{11}$ phase through a combination of powder neutron diffraction and density functional theory calculations. Using Pawley and Rietveld refinements of the neutron diffraction data provides an initial crystal structure model. Since Al and Si have nearly identical neutron scattering lengths, we use density-functional calculations to determine their preferred site occupations. The $\tau_{11}$ phase exhibits a hexagonal crystal structure with space group $P6_3/mmc$ and lattice parameters of $a=7.478$~\AA\ and $c=7.472$~\AA. The structure comprises five Wyckoff positions; Al occupies the $6h$ and $12k$ sites, Fe the $2a$ and $6h$ sites, and Si the $2a$ sites. We observe site disorder and partial occupancies on all sites with a large fraction of 80\% Fe vacancies on the $2d$ sites, indicating an entropic stabilization of the $\tau_{11}$ phase at high temperature.
IoT Security Challenges and Ways Forward (2016)

Today 2.9 billion people, or 40% of the world's population are online. By 2020, at least 40 billion more devices will become smart via embedded processors. The impact of such Internet of Things (IoT) on our society will be extraordinary. It will influence most consumer and business sectors, impact education, healthcare and safety. However, it certainly will also pose a challenge from a security point of view. Not only will the devices themselves become more complex, also the interaction between devices, the networks and the variance in topology will grow. Finally, with increasing amounts of data and assets at stake the incentive for attackers will increase. The costs of cyber attacks in such setting are estimated to reach about 2 trillion USD by 2020. Today, the IoT is just beginning to emerge. Unfortunately, when looking at its security, there is lots of room for improvement. Exploits reported at a steady pace clearly suggest that security is a major challenge when the world wants to successfully switch from an IoT hype to a real IoT deployment. Security, and security risk awareness, insufficiently present in today's consumer and developer mindset, are only a starting point. Once the requirement for strong security is widely accepted, there will be still the economical question of who is going to pay for security and its maintenance. Without enforcing certain standards by means of third party evaluation this problem is expected to be hard to get under control.
Pro-thrombotic changes in platelet, endothelial and coagulation function following haemodialysis (2009)

Objective: To determine whether folate supplementation improved arterial function in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Method: Individuals with PAD were randomly assigned to receive 400 g folic acid (n = 45), 400 g methyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) (n = 48) or placebo (n = 40) for 4 months. The primary endpoints were change in total plasma homocysteine (tHcy), ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). The secondary outcomes were any change in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), von Willebrand factor (vWF) or interleukin 6 (IL6) levels. Results: Plasma tHcy was significantly reduced in both the folic acid and 5-MTHF groups compared with controls (median difference: -212 mol/l [95% CI -370, -075, p = 00024] and -207 mol/l [95% CI 348, -054, p = 00072], respectively). ABPI improved significantly in the folic acid and 5-MTHF groups compared with the placebo group (median difference: 007 [95% CI 004, 010, p < 00003] and 004 [95% CI 000, 009, p = 00279], respectively). Brachial-knee PWV (bk-PWV) reduced significantly in the group receiving 5-MTHF and there was a reducing trend in the group taking 5-MTHF compared with the controls (median difference: -110m/s [95% CI -220, -020, p = 00105] and -090m/s [95% CI -210, 000, p = 005], respectively). Plasma levels of CRP, IL6 and vWF were not affected (p > 05). None of the variables changed significantly in the placebo group. Conclusion: Folate administration effectively reduced homocysteine and improved ABPI and bk-PWV. This effect was independent of plasma inflammatory markers.
Advancements in the development of thin film amorphous silicon space solar cell for the PowerSphere concept (2000)

The authors describe how the development of the PowerSphere concept over the last year focused on the design and fabrication of amorphous silicon solar cells that would meet the space environmental requirements. This is a cooperative effort between The Aerospace Corporation and Iowa Thin Film Technologies, Inc. Modifications to the terrestrial product line necessary to produce a thin film amorphous silicon solar cell suitable for space applications have been identified. A number of experiments have been performed in The Aerospace Corporation's Laboratories to develop a more robust top contact to collect cell current for the otherwise terrestrial cell produced by Iowa Thin Film Technologies production line. The up-to-date results of this effort are presented in this paper.
Generating High-Resolution 3D Faces and Bodies Using VQ-VAE-2 with PixelSNAIL Networks on 2D Representations (2023)

Modeling and representing 3D shapes of the human body and face is a prominent field due to its applications in the healthcare, clothes, and movie industry. In our work, we tackled the problem of 3D face and body synthesis by reducing 3D meshes to 2D image representations. We show that the face can naturally be modeled on a 2D grid. At the same time, for more challenging 3D body geometries, we proposed a novel non-bijective 3D-2D conversion method representing the 3D body mesh as a plurality of rendered projections on the 2D grid. Then, we trained a state-of-the-art vector-quantized variational autoencoder (VQ-VAE-2) to learn a latent representation of 2D images and fit a PixelSNAIL autoregressive model to sample novel synthetic meshes. We evaluated our method versus a classical one based on principal component analysis (PCA) by sampling from the empirical cumulative distribution of the PCA scores. We used the empirical distributions of two commonly used metrics, specificity and diversity, to quantitatively demonstrate that the synthetic faces generated with our method are statistically closer to real faces when compared with the PCA ones. Our experiment on the 3D body geometry requires further research to match the test set statistics but shows promising results.
A game theoretic framework for energy efficient deployment and operation of heterogeneous LTE networks (2013)

In this paper, a game theoretical framework for energy efficient operation of heterogeneous LTE cellular networks is proposed. Within this framework, two game theoretic concepts are studied and analyzed. The first approach is a coalition-based method that assumes a group of base stations (BSs) in a network form a coalition. The second approach is based on the Nash bargaining solution and considers that BSs play a bargaining game where each BS attempts to maximize its own utility. These methods were implemented with utilities focusing either on traffic load and quality of service (QoS), or on the QoS versus the consumed power in the network. The tradeoffs between QoS and energy consumption are investigated, depending on the utility selected. Simulation results show that the results are utility dependent, and that the centralized coalition-based approach generally leads to better performance.
Benzodiazepines Suppress Neuromodulatory Effects of Pudendal Nerve Stimulation on Rat Bladder Nociception (2019)

This study suggests that inhibitory effects of bPNS on bladder pain could be suppressed in subjects receiving benzodiazepine therapy, suggesting that potential clinical testing of pudendal nerve stimulation for the treatment of painful bladder syndromes may be confounded by the use of benzodiazepines. Clinical assessment of other forms of neuromodulation should also be screened for impacts of benzodiazepines.
A review of iodine-based compounds, with a focus on biofilms: results of an expert panel (2020)

Biofilms play a central role in the chronicity of non-healing lesions such as venous leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers. Therefore, biofilm management and treatment is now considered an essential part of wound care. Many antimicrobial treatments, whether topical or systemic, have been shown to have limited efficacy in the treatment of biofilm phenotypes. The antimicrobial properties of iodine compounds rely on multiple and diverse interactions to exert their effects on microorganisms. An expert panel, held in Las Vegas during the autumn Symposium on Advanced Wound Care meeting in 2018, discussed these properties, with the focus on iodine and iodophors and their effects on biofilm prevention and treatment.
Design and image quality results from volumetric CT with a flat-panel imager (2001)

Preliminary MTF and LCD results obtained on several volumetric computed tomography (VCT) systems, employing amorphous flat panel technology, are presented. Constructed around 20-cm x 20-cm, 200-mm pitch amorphous silicon x-ray detectors, the prototypes use standard vascular or CT x-ray sources. Data were obtained from closed-gantry, benchtop and C-arm-based topologies, over a full 360 degrees of rotation about the target object. The field of view of the devices is approximately 15 cm, with a magnification of 1.25-1.5, providing isotropic resolution at isocenter of 133-160 mm. Acquisitions have been reconstructed using the FDK algorithm, modified by motion corrections also developed by GE. Image quality data were obtained using both industry standard and custom resolution phantoms as targets. Scanner output is compared on a projection and reconstruction basis against analogous output from a dedicated simulation package, also developed at GE. Measured MTF performance is indicative of a significant advance in isotropic image resolution over commercially available systems. LCD results have been obtained, using industry standard phantoms, spanning a contrast range of 0.3-1%. Both MTF and LCD measurements agree with simulated data.
One-Pot, One-Catalyst Synthesis of Graft Copolymers by Controlled ROMP and ATRP Polymerizations (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTOne-Pot, One-Catalyst Synthesis of Graft Copolymers by Controlled ROMP and ATRP PolymerizationsRichard Charvet and Bruce M. NovakView Author Information Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 Cite this: Macromolecules 2004, 37, 23, 8808–8811Publication Date (Web):October 16, 2004Publication History Received19 April 2004Revised13 August 2004Published online16 October 2004Published inissue 1 November 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma049244khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma049244kbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1228Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copolymerization,Copolymers,Monomers,Organic compounds,Radical polymerization Get e-Alerts
Suitability of a Cellulose-Based Nanomaterial for the Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Freshwaters: A Case-Study Showing the Recovery of Cadmium Induced DNA Integrity Loss, Cell Proliferation Increase, Nuclear Morphology and Chromosomal Alterations on Dreissena polymorpha (2020)

The contamination of freshwaters by heavy metals represents a great problem, posing a threat for human and environmental health. Cadmium is classified as carcinogen to humans and its mechanism of carcinogenicity includes genotoxic events. In this study a recently developed eco-friendly cellulose-based nanosponge (CNS) was investigated as a candidate in freshwater nano-remediation process. For this purpose, CdCl<sub>2</sub> (0.05 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) contaminated artificial freshwater (AFW) was treated with CNS (1.25 g L<sup>-1</sup> for 2 h), and cellular responses were analyzed before and after CNS treatment in <i>Dreissena polymorpha</i> hemocytes. A control group (AFW) and a negative control group (CNS in AFW) were also tested. DNA primary damage was evaluated by Comet assay while chromosomal damage and cell proliferation were assessed by Cytome assay. AFW exposed to CNS did not cause any genotoxic effect in zebra mussel hemocytes. Moreover, DNA damage and cell proliferation induced by Cd(II) turned down to control level after 2 days when CNS were used. A reduction of Cd(II)-induced micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities was also observed. CNS was thus found to be a safe and effective candidate in cadmium remediation process being efficient in metal sequestering, restoring cellular damage exerted by Cd(II) exposure, without altering cellular physiological activity.
Solder parameter sensitivity for CSP life-time prediction using simulation-based optimization method (2002)

Finite element modeling (FEM) is widely used for estimating the solder joint reliability of electronic packages. However, the solder properties are strongly process and geometry dependent. Even for the same type of solder, measurements conducted by different people at different locations show different results, due to differences in application conditions, benching etc. Those differences may lead to differences in constitutive equations and/or the parameter values. Therefore the effect of the solder parameter variation and parameter sensitivity should be taken into account before a reliable solder fatigue prediction can be made. In this research, a simulation based optimization method is used to investigate the sensitivity of the chosen solder parameters for the solder fatigue prediction using an inelastic strain criterion.
Distributed Generalized Wirtinger Flow for Interferometric Imaging on Networks (2022)

We study the problem of decentralized interferometric imaging over networks, where agents have access to a subset of local radar measurements and can compute pair-wise correlations with their neighbors. We propose a primal-dual distributed algorithm named Distributed Generalized Wirtinger Flow (DGWF). We use the theory of low rank matrix recovery to show when the interferometric imaging problem satisfies the Regularity Condition, which implies the Polyak-Lojasiewicz inequality. Moreover, we show that DGWF converges geometrically for smooth functions. Numerical simulations for single-scattering radar interferometric imaging demonstrate that DGWF can achieve the same mean-squared error image reconstruction quality as its centralized counterpart for various network connectivity and size.
High-efficiency GaN-based light-emitting diodes : light extraction by photonic crystals and microcavities. (2006)

Recent years have seen the advent of blue light-emitting diodes and efficient white-based gallium nitride (GaN). This technology is poised to replace conventional light bulbs in the near future, allowing considerable energy savings. However, this scenario requires that these diodes are fully optimized, since the quality of the material up how to extract the light. This thesis explores this latter aspect: the emitted light in a semiconductor is naturally trapped, and a strategy is needed for breaking the steering mechanism. Specifically, we examine methods for extracting deterministic light emitting diodes using GaN properties inverter! tory (interference, diffraction) to obtain efficient diode whose emission properties are controlled. The diodes microcavities are first considered: they use the interference of light in the diode to change the preferential directions of emission and maximize the direct extraction. However, the manufacture of these structures is complex and offers a theoretical efficiency imperfect. Subsequently, the extraction of guided light by photonic crystals (PC) is studied. A CP is a periodic optical structure formed in the diode, which alters the properties of light propagation. Here, the PC acts as a two-dimensional diffraction grating that redirects the guided light to the outside. This principle was first explored by photoluminescence experiments on simple structures, which reveal the structure of guided modes and properties suggest that CP should have. These properties can be grouped into two categories: planar structure (choice of lattice and the period of CP ...) and vertical structure (which mixes in more complex properties of the PC itself and those of the epitaxial layer) . Various implementations of diodes with photonic crystals are then proposed, fabricated and characterized. Various crystal lattices are compared, revealing the benefits of complex patterns such as the paving of Archimedes. Most of the optimization is however on the vertical structure to ensure efficient extraction by the CP. Several solutions were studied (engineering epitaxial layers to change the emission pattern of light, thin structures to increase its interaction with CP ...) All of these implementations is validated and guided by modeling the properties of CP . This model is a complex numerical problem (solution of Maxwell's equations in three dimensions). Several codes have been written and used during the case - including a novel method called hybrid. This has helped to explain quantitatively the experimental results, and suggest ways of optimizing studied thereafter. Although far from being fully optimized, the diodes obtained at the end of this work show encouraging results and suggest that industrial application.
Molecular Transport and Extraction in Liquid Microspace. A Key to Develop Microchemical Systems. (2003)

数cm四方のガラス基板上に幅数百ナノメートルから数百ミクロンの溝 (マイクロチャネル) を作製し, 化学システムを集積化する研究は, 現在DNAの電気泳動分析などゲノム解析に重点を置いた研究が世界的に主流となっている。しかしながら, このようなマイクロチップ集積化システムを, マイクロでなければ実現できない化学システムとして, 分析化学, 合成化学, 生化学, 物理化学などの諸分野へ適用していくためには, ミクロ空間の物理的特性や化学的特性を最大限に活用することが必要不可欠である。本稿では, ミクロ空間での分子輸送・溶媒抽出を活用した集積化化学システムとして, 我々がこれまでに開発してきた超微量重金属分析システム, マルチイオンセンシングシステム, 液膜輸送システムについて解説し, 今後の展望について述べる。
A Practical Oligomeric [(salen)Co] Catalyst for Asymmetric Epoxide Ring-Opening Reactions This work was supported by the NIH (GM 43214). H2salen=bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine. (2002)

Ohne Chromatographie-Schritte liefert die Synthese von „Oligosalen“ eine Mischung aus Dimeren, Trimeren und Tetrameren in hoher Ausbeute (siehe Bild). Katalysatorsysteme auf der Basis dieses Oligosalens zeigen eine bemerkenswerte Aktivität und Selektivität bei der asymmetrischen Ringöffnung von Epoxiden mit zum Teil mehr als 100 000 Katalysezyklen.
Immunodominance of seven regions of a major allergen, Cry j 2, of Japanese cedar pollen for T-cell immunity (1996)

The immunodominant regions of the Japanese cedar pollen allergen Cry j 2 for T-cell immunity were determined with whole peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) derived from seven allergic patients and three nonallergic subjects. Cry j 2-stimulated T-cell proliferation was inhibited by anti-HLA-DR. but not by anti-HLA-DQ antibody, indicating that the responding T cells recognized the allergen peptides associated with HLA-DR molecules. It was found that seven regions of Cry j 2, i.e., regions corresponding to amino acid numbers 1–26, 70–84, 151–167. 187–203, 252–279, 283–314, and 345–362, were immunodominant for T-cell proliferation. Thus, Cry j 2 bears a limited number of immunodominant regions despite polymorphic features of HLA-DR in the immune system. This suggests the possibility of molecularly designing Cry j 2 antagonists that could downregulate allergic reactions to Japanese cedar pollen.
Snap Down Voltage of a Fast-Scanning Micromirror with Vertical Electrostatic Combdrives (2004)

The parallel transition mode of the snap down of a fast-scanning mirror with vertical combdrives was analyzed. The snap down voltage of such a mirror significantly decreased when offsets between the ideal and actual upper movable comb teeth were more than 0.1 µm. When gap between the upper and lower comb teeth was decreased to increase torque, snap down voltage significantly decreased. The largest offset is induced by the lithography step in the fabrication process of the mirror. Self-alignment is required to increase the resonant frequency of the scanning mirror.
Three-dimensional nanoplasmonic surfaces with strong out-of-plane electric field enhancement (2013)

Conventional 2D plasmonic structures, with surface coverage ~50%, provide field enhancement in the plane. The proposed 3D nanoplasmonic surfaces, with unity coverage, achieve 7.2-fold stronger out-of-plane enhancement compared to the 2D counterparts.