gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
peHash: a novel approach to fast malware clustering (2009)

Data collection is not a big issue anymore with available honeypot software and setups. However malware collections gathered from these honeypot systems often suffer from massive sample counts, data analysis systems like sandboxes cannot cope with. Sophisticated self-modifying malware is able to generate new polymorphic instances of itself with different message digest sums for each infection attempt, thus resulting in many different samples stored for the same specimen. Scaling analysis systems that are fed by databases that rely on sample uniqueness based on message digests is only feasible to a certain extent. In this paper we introduce a non cryptographic, fast to calculate hash function for binaries in the Portable Executable format that transforms structural information about a sample into a hash value. Grouping binaries by hash values calculated with the new function allows for detection of multiple instances of the same polymorphic specimen as well as samples that are broken e.g. due to transfer errors. Practical evaluation on different malware sets shows that the new function allows for a significant reduction of sample counts. 1.
Comparison of Compression Ignition Engine Noise Metrics in Low-Temperature Combustion Regimes (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Many combustion researchers use peak pressure rise rate or ringing intensity to indicate combustion noise in lieu of microphone data or using a combustion noise meter that simulates the attenuation characteristics of the engine structure. In this paper, peak pressure rise rate and ringing intensity are compared to combustion noise using a fully documented algorithm similar to the ones used by combustion noise meters. Data from multiple engines operating under several low-temperature combustion strategies were analyzed. The results suggest that neither peak pressure rise rate nor ringing intensity provides a direct correlation to engine noise over a wide range of operating conditions. Moreover, the estimation of both metrics is often accompanied by the filtering of the pressure data, which changes the absolute value of the results. Thus, all ringing intensity and peak pressure rise rate data should be provided with the filter characteristics to allow an independent assessment of the noise potential. The major difference between ringing intensity and peak pressure rise rate on the one hand and noise on the other appears to be in the speed scaling relationship.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Network Information Theory (2011)

This comprehensive treatment of network information theory and its applications provides the first unified coverage of both classical and recent results. With an approach that balances the introduction of new models and new coding techniques, readers are guided through Shannon's point-to-point information theory, single-hop networks, multihop networks, and extensions to distributed computing, secrecy, wireless communication, and networking. Elementary mathematical tools and techniques are used throughout, requiring only basic knowledge of probability, whilst unified proofs of coding theorems are based on a few simple lemmas, making the text accessible to newcomers. Key topics covered include successive cancellation and superposition coding, MIMO wireless communication, network coding, and cooperative relaying. Also covered are feedback and interactive communication, capacity approximations and scaling laws, and asynchronous and random access channels. This book is ideal for use in the classroom, for self-study, and as a reference for researchers and engineers in industry and academia.
Applications of x-ray microfluorescence to materials analysis (1997)

X-ray microfluorescence provides the analytical scientist with a powerful tool to solve a variety of materials-based problems. Spatially resolved non-destructive elemental analyses can rapidly address a number of problems using qualitative analysis. Point spectra, line profiles and elemental maps offer different approaches for characterization information on a wide variety of materials. Applications are presented which span customer service complaints to experimental ceramic materials to fossils. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A non-Markovian stochastic Schrodinger equation developed from a hidden variable interpretation (2003)

Do non-Markovian diffusive stochastic Schroedinger equations (SSEs) for open quantum systems have a physical interpretation? In a recent paper we investigated this question using the orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics. We found that the solution of a non-Markovian SSE at time t represents the state the system would be in at that time if a measurement was performed on the environment at that time, and yielded a particular result. However, the linking of solutions at different times to make a trajectory is, we concluded, a fiction. In this paper we show that such trajectories be interpreted using a non-standard interpretation of quantum mechanics, namely hidden variables theory. The simplest example is a non-Markovian SSE, which we call a position unraveling, which results from a description of the bath using Bohmian mechanics. We find that the noise function z(t) appearing in the non-Markovian SSE can be interpreted as a weighted sum of trajectories for the positions of the bath modes. The solution of the non-Markovian SSE is the state of the system 'conditioned' on values of the bath positions. It also determines the guiding wave for these positions. We also discuss previously used unravelings which have the Markovian limits of homodyne and heterodyne detection.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Promoted by Co/N/C Catalysts with Co–Nx Active Sites Derived from Precursors Forming N-Doped Graphene Nanoribbons (2021)

Abstract Cobalt and nitrogen co-doped carbon (Co/N/C) catalysts prepared by pyrolysis are promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Construction of Co–Nx active sites is an important strategy for improving HER activity. We developed a method for thermally controlled construction of the Co–Nx active sites by applying a bottom-up synthetic methodology using an N-doped graphene nanoribbon (N-GNR). Preorganized aromatic rings in the precursors assist graphitization during generation of N-GNR which has N2 sites that coordinate to a cobalt ion. Atomically dispersed Co–Nx sites in the catalysts are observed by electron microscopy. Moreover, the amount of Co–Nx sites increases up to 0.31 wt% as confirmed by XPS and elemental analysis. The Co/N/C catalyst prepared from the precisely designed precursor forming an N-GNR shows HER activity with a low overpotential of 258 mV (in 1.0 M HClO4aq) and 311 mV (in 0.1 M HClO4aq) at 10 mA·cm−2, and with a long-term stability.
Cavity Perturbation Technique to Characterize Dielectric Materials at Ka-band (2018)

The characterization of permittivity and dielectric loss of dielectric materials using a perturbation technique is conducted in simulation. The working frequency of this technique has been extended to the Ka-band. Simulation results demonstrate this perturbation technique is suitable for mm-wave characterization of high permittivity dielectric materials and maintains good accuracy.
Adaptive Discontinuous Reception in 5G Advanced for Extended Reality Applications (2022)

Extended Reality (XR) applications introduce challenging requirements for radio mobile systems in terms of capacity and latency. At the same time, XR devices needs to minimize power consumption to extend battery lifetime and limit dissipated heat. Addressing capacity and latency requirements without excessively increasing power consumption of user devices requires the evolution of 5G power saving schemes. In this work, we propose an Adaptive DRX (ADRX) scheme and design a control policy to optimally adjust active duration of the DRX cycle in order to satisfy XR requirements and minimize energy consumption. To this end, we formulate the problem of selecting the user active time as a stochastic online optimization problem and present a control policy to optimally solve it. Numerical results confirm that the proposed solution increases the number of satisfied users and reduce power consumption compared to standard DRX mechanism. In particular, in a Dense Urban scenario where standard DRX cannot fulfill the requirements of any XR user, ADRX can serve up to 4-5 users per cell with 10% power saving gain.
In vivo and in vitro effects of a HIF‐1α inhibitor, RX‐0047 (2008)

HIF-1alpha plays a major role in activating gene transcription and is important for maintaining homeostasis under hypoxic conditions. Since tumors are often in a hypoxic state, HIF-1alpha is a potential target for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. This study was performed to determine the antitumoral efficacy of an antisense HIF-1alpha inhibitor, RX-0047 on different human cancer cell lines (MDA-MB 231, HME50-T, PC-3, Panc-1 and A549) in vitro. A549 lung cancer and PC-3 prostate cancer cells containing a luciferase gene reporter were used for in vivo xenograft animal models. Progressive tumor development was quantified using live animal BLI (bioluminescence imaging) in addition to ex vivo imaging and histology. All cell lines tested were sensitive to inhibition of cell growth with 10 nM and higher ranges of RX-0047, additionally RX-0047 sensitizes cells to ionizing radiation treatments. Finally, RX-0047 (30 mg/kg) inhibited the formation of human lung metastasis in xenograft mouse models and reduced tumor size in flank models.
Abstract 2534: Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals lung cancer-associated alterations in bronchial cell subpopulations in the mainstem bronchus (2018)

Abstract RATIONALE: We have previously shown that gene expression alterations in the mainstem bronchus epithelium reflects a physiologic response to cigarette smoke and can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for lung cancer. Furthermore, we have shown that single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) can be used to detect smoking-associated gene expression alterations within specific airway epithelial and immune cell types. In this study, we use scRNA-Seq to profile the transcriptomes of single cells procured from the airways of patients with or without lung cancer in order to detect cancer-associated alterations within specific cell types. METHODS: We obtained bronchial brushings in the mainstem bronchus from ever smokers undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy for suspect lung cancer. Patients were followed post-procedure until a final lung cancer diagnosis (n=5; 3 adenocaricinomas, 1 squamous cell carcinoma and 1 large cell carcinoma) or benign disease (n=7) was made. Single cells were isolated using FACS (n=190/donor) and RNA library preparation was performed using the CEL-Seq protocol followed by RNA-seq (75nt paired-end) on an Illumina Hiseq 2500. Latent Dirichlet allocation was used to identify transcriptomically distinct cellular subpopulations specific to the airways of patients with and without lung cancer. RESULTS: We detected distinct subpopulations of bronchial cells expressing known markers of basal (KRT5), ciliated (FOXJ1), club (SCGB1A1), and goblet (MUC5AC) epithelial cells. Cell type distributions differed between cancer status and within cancer sub-types. Specifically, patients with cancer had an increase in FOXJ1+ cells. Many of the genes in the previously reported diagnostic biomarker such as ATP12A and NKX3-1 are expressed in specific cell types. CONCLUSION: The scRNA-Seq data of the normal appearing airways of subjects with and without lung cancer suggests that the epithelial and immune cell types present and their relative proportions change with cancer status. Additionally, previously described lung cancer biomarker genes are expressed in a cell type specific manner indicating that future biomarker improvements may be made by examining subpopulations of cells. Analysis of a greater number of samples is needed to make robust conclusions regarding the changes associated with smoking, cancer, and cancer subtype in this sample population. Citation Format: Xingyi Shi, Grant Duclos, Joshua Campbell, Yaron Gesthalter, Patrick Autissier, Yves M. Dumas, Robert Terrano, Gang Liu, Marc E. Lenburg, Avrum Spira, Jennifer Beane. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals lung cancer-associated alterations in bronchial cell subpopulations in the mainstem bronchus [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2534.
Germanium for photonic applications (2014)

Localized GOI wires have been grown using a LPE process resulting in single crystal layers up to 400 urn in length and 5 urn in width. We have reported on the design, fabrication and characterisation of a 4-channel AMMI structure integrated with germanium p-i-n photodetectors to form a silicon photonics receiver. Light detection at 50 Gb/s has been demonstrated with a low dark current of < 20 nA at −1 V bias. The AMMI structure exhibits a low insertion loss of < −0.5 dB and cross-talk of < −15 dB across the 4 channels.
Dynamic optical tomography: instrumentation and calibration protocol (2003)

We present a multi-source/multi-detector optical tomography setup that is capable of fast imaging, thus allowing tracking time varying physiological states. To cancel out varying detector sensitivities and incoupling efficiencies, we developed a calibration protocol for our experiment. Analysis of the variances in the calibration factor of each detector provides an objective measure of the reproducibility of the performed experiments and an opportunity to identify corrupted data sets.
Signal integrity in reflection-limited channels (2008)

High-speed digital signal integrity is strongly limited by microwave reflections, which degrade the reliability of a serial link. This work describes the relationship between the reflections and attenuation that occur along interconnects and the signal integrity. Bounds on ISI and DDJ resulting from reflections and attenuation quantify system design of link jitter budgets. This paper demonstrates analytical methods to quickly deduce the signal integrity penalty of transmission line discontinuities.
Reciprocal plasmonic metasurfaces: Theory and applications (2020)

A new configuration for metasurface construction is presented to achieve multi-functional capabilities including perfect absorption, bio/chem sensing, and surface-mode lasing. The reciprocal plasmonic metasurfaces discussed here are composed of two plasmonic surfaces of reciprocal geometries separated by a dielectric spacer. Compared to conventional metasurfaces this simple geometry exhibits an enhanced optical performance. The discussed reciprocal metasurface design further enables effective structural optimization and allows for a simple and scalable fabrication. The physical principle and potential applications of the reciprocal plasmonic metasurfaces are demonstrated using numerical and analytical approaches.
Porphyrin-Based Photocatalytic Lithography (2007)

Photocatalytic lithography is an emerging technique that couples light with coated mask materials in order to pattern surface chemistry. We excite porphyrins to create radical species that photocatalytically oxidize, and thereby pattern, chemistries in the local vicinity. The technique advantageously does not necessitate mass transport or specified substrates, it is fast and robust and the wavelength of light does not limit the resolution of patterned features. We have patterned proteins and cells in order to demonstrate the utility of photocatalytic lithography in life science applications.
Figure S4 from Cholesterol Depletion by TASIN-1 Induces Apoptotic Cell Death through the ER Stress/ROS/JNK Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 4. TASIN-1 inhibits phosphorylation of mTOR in DLD1 cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Serum levels of interleukin-10, interleukin-12 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in chronic liver disease type C. (2004)

The results of the present study suggest that Th1/Th2 type cytokines are changed in association with progression of chronic liver disease type C and in response to therapy.
Partial treatment interruption of protease inhibitors augments HIV-specific immune responses in vertically infected pediatric patients (2005)

HIV-specific cellular immune responses are boosted in children who have interrupted PI-based therapy.
Hydrogen Chloride and Ammonia Permeation Resistance of Tetrafluoroethylene−Perfluoroalkoxy Copolymers (2011)

Hydrogen chloride and ammonia permeation resistance were measured through two grades of tetrafluoroethylene−perfluoroalkoxy copolymers using standard manometric procedures. Hydrogen chloride showed a lower permeation coefficient than ammonia due to the combined effect of different molecular size and interaction with perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). The permeability coefficients of these two gases were comparable to those of oxygen and nitrogen. The two grades of PFA differed only in molecular weight or chain length. The molecular weight had little affect on permeation when the samples were cooled slowly. Slowly cooled samples always showed better permeation resistance than those cooled quickly. The influence of sample preparation was quite pronounced, demonstrating that process can be as important as polymer grade in determining the ultimate permeation resistance of various PFA grades.
Recent discoveries from nodal aberration theory (2010)

Nodal Aberration Theory (NAT) was discovered in 1977 and was last presented at this conference 25 years ago. This paper presents recent discoveries and why this theory is gaining in relevance for the future.
Point Defects in Semiconductors: Microscopic Identification, Metastable Properties, Defect Migration, and Diffusion (1989)

Abstract : The goal of the research program described herein was to provide insight into the identity and properties of point defects in semiconductors. Particular emphasis was devoted to problems involving microscopic identification, metastable properties, defect migration, and diffusion of point defects in semiconductors. Our approach was to apply atomistic thermodynamic theory, Monte CArlo simulation, and experimental analysis to elucidate the nature and properties of semiconductor defects. Significant progress has been made in the following seven areas: 1) recombination enhanced vacancy migration in silicon, 2) Monte Carlo simulation of diffusion in semiconductors, 3) phosphorous vacancy nearest-neighbor hopping in InP, 4) entropy of migration for atomic hopping, 5) EL2/EL0 identification in GaAs, 6) characterization and identification of DX in A1GaAs, and 7) temperature dependence of band offsets
Epoxy and aziridinyl enolsilanes in diastereoselective inter- and intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylations (2016)

Diastereoselective Friedel–Crafts reactions of optically pure epoxy enolsilanes afford enantiomerically-enriched β-hydroxy-α-arylketones. Aziridinyl enolsilanes react in an analogous manner.
Decreased HIV-Specific T-Regulatory Responses Are Associated with Effective DC-Vaccine Induced Immunity (2015)

The role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vaccination has been poorly investigated. We have reported that vaccination with ex vivo-generated dendritic-cells (DC) loaded with HIV-lipopeptides (LIPO-5-DC vaccine) in HIV-infected patients was well tolerated and highly immunogenic. These responses and their relation to viral replication following analytical treatment interruption (ATI) were variable. Here, we investigated whether the presence of HIV-specific Tregs might explain these differences. Co-expression of CD25, CD134, CD39 and FoxP3 was used to delineate both antigen-specific Tregs and effectors T cells (Teffs). Median LIPO-5 specific-CD25+CD134+ polyfunctional T cells increased from 0.1% (IQR 0-0.3) before vaccination (week -4) to 2.1% (IQR 1.1-3.9) at week 16 following 4 immunizations (p=0.001) and were inversely correlated with maximum viral load following ATI (r=-0.77, p=0.001). Vaccinees who displayed lower levels of HIV-specific CD4+CD134+CD25+CD39+FoxP3+ Tregs responded better to the LIPO-5-DC vaccine. After vaccination, the frequency of HIV-specific Tregs decreased (from 69.3 at week -4 to 31.7% at week 16) and inversely correlated with HIV-specific IFN-γ-producing cells (r=-0.64, p=0.002). We show that therapeutic immunization skewed the HIV-specific response from regulatory to effector phenotype which impacts on the magnitude of viral replication following ATI.
Feasibility study of 70nm pitch Cu/porous low-k D/D integration featuring EUV lithography toward 22nm generation (2009)

A feasibility study of 70 nm pitch 2-level dual damascene interconnects featuring EUV lithography is presented. Using Ru barrier metal and scalable porous silica (Po-SiO, k=2.1), a low resistivity below 4.5 µΩcm and a 13 % reduction in wiring capacitance compared with porous SiOC (k=2.65) was obtained. The predicted circuit-performance using Po-SiO was 10 % higher than that with porous SiOC. The electromigration reliability in 22 nm generation was consistent with the previous generations. The merit of EUV lithography on circuit design was also clarified.
Isomerization of Aldehydes Catalyzed by Rhodium(I) Olefin Complexes (1999)

A mixture of isomeric aldehydes is formed in a catalytic isomerization of alkyl aldehydes with [C(5)Me(5)Rh(olefin)(2)] complexes. This process offers an indirect method for altering the n:iso ratio of aldehydes formed in hydroformylation reactions. For example the reaction of n-butanal with [C(5)Me(5)Rh(CH(2)=CHMe)(2)] (1) results in the formation of a bis-alkyl carbonyl rhodium complex 2 which is the resting state during the isomerization of n-butanal to a mixture of n- and iso-butanals (see scheme). In the presence of other olefins transfer formylation is observed.
Maladaptive Neural Synchrony in Tinnitus: Origin and Restoration (2015)

Tinnitus is the conscious perception of sound heard in the absence of physical sound sources external or internal to the body, reflected in aberrant neural synchrony of spontaneous or resting-state brain activity. Neural synchrony is generated by the nearly simultaneous firing of individual neurons, of the synchronization of membrane-potential changes in local neural groups as reflected in the local field potentials, resulting in the presence of oscillatory brain waves in the EEG. Noise-induced hearing loss, often resulting in tinnitus, causes a reorganization of the tonotopic map in auditory cortex and increased spontaneous firing rates and neural synchrony. Spontaneous brain rhythms rely on neural synchrony. Abnormal neural synchrony in tinnitus appears to be confined to specific frequency bands of brain rhythms. Increases in delta-band activity are generated by deafferented/deprived neuronal networks resulting from hearing loss. Coordinated reset (CR) stimulation was developed in order to specifically counteract such abnormal neuronal synchrony by desynchronization. The goal of acoustic CR neuromodulation is to desynchronize tinnitus-related abnormal delta-band oscillations. CR neuromodulation does not require permanent stimulus delivery in order to achieve long-lasting desynchronization or even a full-blown anti-kindling but may have cumulative effects, i.e., the effect of different CR epochs separated by pauses may accumulate. Unlike other approaches, acoustic CR neuromodulation does not intend to reduce tinnitus-related neuronal activity by employing lateral inhibition. The potential efficacy of acoustic CR modulation was shown in a clinical proof of concept trial, where effects achieved in 12 weeks of treatment delivered 4-6 h/day persisted through a preplanned 4-week therapy pause and showed sustained long-term effects after 10 months of therapy, leading to 75% responders.