gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Article Intracranial hypertension: what additional information can be derived from ICP waveform after head injury? (2004)

Summary Objective. Although intracranial hypertension is one of the important prognostic factors after head injury, increased intracranial pressure (ICP) may also be observed in patients with favourable outcome. We have studied whether the value of ICP monitoring can be augmented by indices describing cerebrovascular pressure-reactivity and pressurevolume compensatory reserve derived from ICP and arterial blood pressure (ABP) waveforms. Method. 96 patients with intracranial hypertension were studied retrospectively: 57 with fatal outcome and 39 with favourable outcome. ABP and ICP waveforms were recorded. Indices of cerebrovascular reactivity (PRx) and cerebrospinal compensatory reserve (RAP) were calculated as moving correlation coefficients between slow waves of ABP and ICP, and between slow waves of ICP pulse amplitude and mean ICP, respectively. The magnitude of ‘slow waves’ was derived using ICP low-pass spectral filtration. Results. The most significant difference was found in the magnitude of slow waves that was persistently higher in patients with a favourable outcome (p< 0.00004). In patients who died ICP was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) and cerebrovascular pressure-reactivity (described by PRx) was compromised (p< 0.024). In the same patients, pressurevolume compensatory reserve showed a gradual deterioration over time with a sudden drop of RAP when ICP started to rise, suggesting an overlapping disruption of the vasomotor response. Conclusion. Indices derived from ICP waveform analysis can be helpful for the interpretation of progressive intracranial hypertension in patients after brain trauma.
Influence of Source Voltage on Various Characteristics of a Contactor Comparing Make Only, Break Only and Make and Break Arcs (2012)

Experiments at several source voltages have been carried out to clarify the influence of the voltage on various characteristics, such as arc duration, contact resistance and electrode mass change. In previous experiments, arc was generated only at break and at both make and break. In this report, arc is generated only at make. When only a make arc occurs, arc is generated by bounce of contacts. The source voltages are changed from DC100V to 160V, load current is set to 5A constant, and an electromagnetic contactor is operated continuously up to 100,000 times. As a result, the source voltage doesn't influence average contact resistance and arc duration was very short. In addition, the crater was caused on the contact surface of the anode side. On the other hand, the pip was formed in the cathode side.
A General-Purpose IEEE 488 Interface (1982)

AbstractA general-purpose interface circuit which will enable two-way communication of data between an instrument and the IEEE 488 bus has been described. An example application for converting a Keithley 616–6162 electrometer to IEEE 488 compatibility has been discussed. The interface provides Talker, Listener, Source Handshake, Acceptor Handshake, Device Trigger and Device Clear functions as defined in IEEE Std. 488 (1975).Indexing Terms: IEEE 488 InterfaceData Conditioner Additional informationNotes on contributorsDinesh K. SharmaSharma, D K joined the Solid State Electronics Group of TIFR in 1971, after doing his MSc at the Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani. He has been working with MOS devices since the beginning of this activity at the Solid State Electronics Group, TIFR. He has worked on simultaneous fabrication of low and high voltage integrated circuits with silicon on sapphire technology at the Laboratory for Electronics and Technology of Informatics (LETI), Grenoble, France during 1976–77.His present interests include the development of CMOS Si gate technology and the use of uncommitted logic arrays for semicustom design. He has been responsible for setting up an automated measurement system for semiconductor devices.
Disabled‐2 modulates homotypic and heterotypic platelet interactions by binding to sulfatides (2011)

Disabled-2 (Dab2) inhibits platelet aggregation by competing with fibrinogen for binding to the α(IIb) β(3) integrin receptor, an interaction that is modulated by Dab2 binding to sulfatides at the outer leaflet of the platelet plasma membrane. The disaggregatory function of Dab2 has been mapped to its N-terminus phosphotyrosine-binding (N-PTB) domain. Our data show that the surface levels of P-selectin, a platelet transmembrane protein known to bind sulfatides and promote cell-cell interactions, are reduced by Dab2 N-PTB, an event that is reversed in the presence of a mutant form of the protein that is deficient in sulfatide but not in integrin binding. Importantly, Dab2 N-PTB, but not its sulfatide binding-deficient form, was able to prevent sulfatide-induced platelet aggregation when tested under haemodynamic conditions in microfluidic devices at flow rates with shear stress levels corresponding to those found in vein microcirculation. Moreover, the regulatory role of Dab2 N-PTB extends to platelet-leucocyte adhesion and aggregation events, suggesting a multi-target role for Dab2 in haemostasis.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF RAUSCHER MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE (1980)

Abstract not available
Effective interprocedural optimization of object-oriented languages (1998)

This dissertation demonstrates that interprocedural analysis can be both practical and effective for sizeable object-oriented programs. Although frequent procedure calls and message sends are important structuring techniques in object-oriented languages, they can also severely degrade application run-time performance. A number of analyses and transformations have been developed that attack this performance problem by enabling the compile-time replacement of message sends with procedure calls and of procedure calls with inlined copies of their callees. Despite the success of these techniques, even after they are applied it is extremely likely that some message sends and non-inlined procedure calls will remain in the program. These remaining call sites can force an optimizing compiler to make pessimistic assumptions about program behavior, causing it to miss opportunities for potentially profitable optimizations. Interprocedural analysis is one well-known technique for enabling an optimizing compiler to more precisely model the effects of noninlined calls, thus reducing their impact on application performance.
Chemical Reactions under “Non‐Classical Conditions”: Microwaves and Ultrasound in the Synthesis of Vitamins (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Shrinking light to allow forbidden transitions on the atomic scale (2016)

The diversity of light-matter interactions accessible to a system is limited by the small size of an atom relative to the wavelength of the light it emits, as well as by the small value of the fine-structure constant. We developed a general theory of light-matter interactions with two-dimensional systems supporting plasmons. These plasmons effectively make the fine-structure constant larger and bridge the size gap between atom and light. This theory reveals that conventionally forbidden light-matter interactions--such as extremely high-order multipolar transitions, two-plasmon spontaneous emission, and singlet-triplet phosphorescence processes--can occur on very short time scales comparable to those of conventionally fast transitions. Our findings may lead to new platforms for spectroscopy, sensing, and broadband light generation, a potential testing ground for quantum electrodynamics (QED) in the ultrastrong coupling regime, and the ability to take advantage of the full electronic spectrum of an emitter.
How to define and optimize axial resolution in light-sheet microscopy: a simulation-based approach (2019)

"How thick is your light sheet?" is a question that has been asked frequently after talks showing impressive renderings of 3D data acquired by a light-sheet microscope. This question is motivated by the fact that most of the time the thickness of the light-sheet is uniquely associated to the axial resolution of the microscope. However, the link between light-sheet thickness and axial resolution has never been systematically assessed and it is still unclear how both are connected. The question is not trivial because commonly employed measures cannot readily be applied or do not lead to easily interpretable results for the many different types of light sheet. Here, we introduce a set of intuitive measures that helps to define the relationship between light sheet thickness and axial resolution by using simulation data. Unexpectedly, our analysis revealed a trade-off between better axial resolution and thinner light-sheet thickness. Our results are surprising because thicker light-sheets that provide lower image contrast have previously not been associated with better axial resolution. We conclude that classical Gaussian illumination beams should be used when image contrast is most important, and more advanced types of illumination represent a way to optimize axial resolution at the expense of image contrast.
Effect of Garlic Extract on the Activation Pattern of MAPK Signaling in the Rat Heart After a Bout Exercise (2008)

Since exercise training induces mechanical stress to the heart, we examined the activation pattern of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)s signaling pathway by immunohistochemistry. The immunoreactions of MAPKs signaling with c-fos and Schiff's reaction were increased in the cardiac muscle of exercised rat compared to normal one except immunoreaction for MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 and p38. However, the immunoreaction of phospho-JNK and phospho-p38 with early gene c-fos were arrested markedly in water extract of Alliium sativum (WEAS) treated rat compared to exercised one. Since MAPKs signaling does play a protective role in response to pathological stimulus in the heart, results in the present study suggest that WEAS may act as a alleviating agent for exercise-induced stress to heart through regulating MAPKs signaling activation.
High-efficiency broadband solar cell architectures based on arrays of volumetrically distributed narrowband photovoltaic fibers (2010)

We propose a novel solar cell architecture consisting of multiple fiber-based photovoltaic (PV) cells. Each PV fiber element is designed to maximize the power conversion efficiency within a narrow band of the incident solar spectrum, while reflecting other spectral components through the use of optical microcavity effects and distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) coatings. Combining PV fibers with complementary absorption and reflection characteristics into volume-filling arrays enables spectrally tuned modules having an effective dispersion element intrinsic to the architecture, resulting in high external quantum efficiency over the incident spectrum. While this new reflective tandem architecture is not limited to one particular material system, here we apply the concept to organic PV (OPV) cells that use a metal-organic-metal-dielectric layer structure, and calculate the expected performance of such arrays. Using realistic material properties for organic absorbers, transport layers, metallic electrodes, and DBR coatings, 17% power conversion efficiency can be reached.
PDGFRA defines the mesenchymal stem cell Kaposi’s sarcoma progenitors by enabling KSHV oncogenesis in an angiogenic environment (2019)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an AIDS-defining cancer caused by the KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Unanswered questions regarding KS are its cellular ontology and the conditions conducive to viral oncogenesis. We identify PDGFRA(+)/SCA-1(+) bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Pα(+)S MSCs) as KS spindle-cell progenitors and found that pro-angiogenic environmental conditions typical of KS are critical for KSHV sarcomagenesis. This is because growth in KS-like conditions generates a de-repressed KSHV epigenome allowing oncogenic KSHV gene expression in infected Pα(+)S MSCs. Furthermore, these growth conditions allow KSHV-infected Pα(+)S MSCs to overcome KSHV-driven oncogene-induced senescence and cell cycle arrest via a PDGFRA-signaling mechanism; thus identifying PDGFRA not only as a phenotypic determinant for KS-progenitors but also as a critical enabler for viral oncogenesis.
Quantum Nonlocality Obtained from Local States by Entanglement Purification (2005)

We have applied an entanglement purification protocol to produce a single entangled pair of photons capable of violating a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Bell inequality from two pairs that individually could not. The initial poorly entangled photons were created by a controllable decoherence that introduced complex errors. All of the states were reconstructed using quantum state tomography which allowed for a quantitative description of the improvement of the state after purification.
Dictionary learning from sparsely corrupted or compressed signals (2012)

In this paper, we investigate dictionary learning (DL) from sparsely corrupted or compressed signals. We consider three cases: I) the training signals are corrupted, and the locations of the corruptions are known, II) the locations of the sparse corruptions are unknown, and III) DL from compressed measurements, as it occurs in blind compressive sensing. We develop two efficient DL algorithms that are capable of learning dictionaries from sparsely corrupted or compressed measurements. Empirical phase transitions and an in-painting example demonstrate the capabilities of our algorithms.
Functional HIV-1/HCV cross-reactive antibodies isolated from a chronically co-infected donor (2023)

Despite prolific efforts to characterize the antibody response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) mono-infections, the response to chronic co-infection with these two ever-evolving viruses is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the antibody repertoire of a chronically HIV-1/HCV co-infected individual using linking B cell receptor to antigen specificity through sequencing (LIBRA-seq). We identify five HIV-1/HCV cross-reactive antibodies demonstrating binding and functional cross-reactivity between HIV-1 and HCV envelope glycoproteins. All five antibodies show exceptional HCV neutralization breadth and effector functions against both HIV-1 and HCV. One antibody, mAb688, also cross-reacts with influenza and coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We examine the development of these antibodies using next-generation sequencing analysis and lineage tracing and find that somatic hypermutation established and enhanced this reactivity. These antibodies provide a potential future direction for therapeutic and vaccine development against current and emerging infectious diseases. More broadly, chronic co-infection represents a complex immunological challenge that can provide insights into the fundamental rules that underly antibody-antigen specificity.
1/f noise characterization of Ir/p-Si and Ir/p-Si1−xGex low Schottky barrier junctions (1996)

The electrical noise properties of Ir/p-Si and Ir/p-Si1−xGex (x=0.14) Schottky junctions have been studied. The 1/f noise measurements were performed under forward bias over a wide temperature and frequency ranges. The effect of annealing on the noise properties of these junctions was also investigated. Annealed junction shows higher noise level. This was attributed to the defects formation at the metal/semiconductor interface. From the temperature dependence of the 1/f noise power density, an optimum operating temperature for as deposited and annealed junctions was found. The Hooge parameter, αH, is derived from the experimental data over a wide range of temperature for the deposited junctions. Values of 2.26×10−6 and 1.78×10−6 were obtained at room temperature for Ir/p-Si and Ir/p-Si1−xGex, respectively.
Random addressable 2048×2048 active pixel image sensor (1997)

In this paper, we discuss the design, design issues, fabrication, and performance of a 2048/spl times/2048 active pixel image sensor in a 0.5-/spl mu/m standard CMOS process. Each pixel, 7.5/spl times/7.5 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, consists of three transistors and a photo diode, resulting in a 12-million transistor chip with a die size of 16.3/spl times/16.5 mm. The pixel has a nonintegrating direct readout architecture, with a logarithmic light-to-voltage conversion. This allows the array to be fully random accessible, both in space and time. The sensor has eight analog outputs, each with a pixel rate of 4.5 MHz, which implies a maximum frame rate of eight full frames per second. Sub-sampling or windowing makes higher frame rates possible. The yield of the sensor is high if one accepts a small number of bad pixels.
Precision Current Mirror (2010)

Class Ia phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) is required for oncogenic receptor-mediated transformation; however, the individual roles of the two commonly expressed class Ia PI3K isoforms in oncogenic receptor signaling have not been elucidated in vivo. Here, we show that genetic ablation of p110α blocks tumor formation in both polyoma middle T antigen (MT) and HER2/Neu transgenic models of breast cancer. Surprisingly, p110β ablation results in both increased ductal branching and tumorigenesis. Biochemical analyses suggest a competition model in which the less active p110β competes with the more active p110α for receptor binding sites, thereby modulating the level of PI3K activity associated with activated receptors. Our findings demonstrate a novel p110β-based regulatory role in receptor-mediated PI3K activity and identify p110α as an important target for treatment of HER2-positive disease.
School of phish (2009)

PhishGuru is an embedded training system that teaches users to avoid falling for phishing attacks by delivering a training message when the user clicks on the URL in a simulated phishing email. In previous lab and real-world experiments, we validated the effectiveness of this approach. Here, we extend our previous work with a 515-participant, real-world study in which we focus on long-term retention and the effect of two training messages. We also investigate demographic factors that influence training and general phishing susceptibility. Results of this study show that (1) users trained with PhishGuru retain knowledge even after 28 days; (2) adding a second training message to reinforce the original training decreases the likelihood of people giving information to phishing websites; and (3) training does not decrease users' willingness to click on links in legitimate messages. We found no significant difference between males and females in the tendency to fall for phishing emails both before and after the training. We found that participants in the 18--25 age group were consistently more vulnerable to phishing attacks on all days of the study than older participants. Finally, our exit survey results indicate that most participants enjoyed receiving training during their normal use of email.
Withacoagin, a New Withanolide from Withania coagulans Roots (1988)

Abstract The structure of withacoagin, a new withanolide isolated from Withania coagulans, has been elucidated as (20R,22R)-5α,20-dihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,6,24-trienolide by spectral analysis and chemical transformation to a known compound. This is the second report of a Δ6-withanolide. Isolation of three known compounds, (20R,22R)-6α,7α-epoxy-5α,20-dihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,24-dienolide, (20S,22R)-6α,7α-epoxy-5α-hydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,24-dienolide, and withaferin A, are also reported.
Static and Dynamic External Fixation are Equally Effective for Unstable Elbow Fracture-Dislocations (2020)

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Table S2 from Clinical Importance of the lncRNA <i>NEAT1</i> in Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Melanoma patient characteristics (GSE78220)&lt;/p&gt;
Vacancy-Type Defects in MOSFETs with High-k Gate Dielectrics Probed by Monoenergetic Positron Beams (2007)

Vacancy-type defects in MOSFET structures fabricated with high-k (HfSiON) gate dielectrics were studied by monogenetic positron beams. An expansion of open volumes in HfSiON fabricated on Si substrates using atomic layer deposition technique was observed with increasing nitrogen concentration. This fact was discussed in terms of a role of nitrogen in Hf-related oxide using results obtained by first-principles calculation and XPS. MOSFETs fabricated by F-channel implantation technique were also characterized. The major defect species which causes the Vth shift of MOSFETs was identified as vacancy-fluorine complexes (such as V3F2) locate in channel regions of Si substrates. The preset work suggests that positron annihilation can be used to detect microscopic defects in MOSFETs, and it is a useful tool for determining process parameters for MOSFET fabrications with high-k gate dielectrics.
Blind Equalization of Receiver In-Phase/Quadrature Skew in the Presence of Nyquist Filtering (2013)

In-phase and quadrature skew inside a coherent receiver, caused by misalignments, can severely limit performance. Future 400G systems employing higher order modulation formats and Nyquist filtering are especially sensitive to this. A blind adaptive equalizer is proposed to track and compensate the skew while also performing matched filtering. Performance is investigated in simulation for 56 GBd polarization division multiplexed 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (PDM-16QAM) and experimentally for 6 GBd PDM quadrature phase shift keying (PDM-QPSK) and PDM-16QAM, where compensation for delays up to half a symbol period are demonstrated without penalty. At 30% delay skew, the maximum skew recommended by Optical Internetwork Forum (OIF) for PDM-QPSK, a gain of 1.6 dB for PDM-QPSK, and a gain of more than 5 dB for PDM-16QAM is observed compared with using a conventional equalizer.
AirMixML: Over-the-Air Data Mixup for Inherently Privacy-Preserving Edge Machine Learning (2021)

Wireless channels can be inherently privacy-preserving by distorting the received signals due to channel noise, and superpositioning multiple signals over-the-air. By harnessing these natural distortions and superpositions by wireless channels, we propose a novel privacy-preserving machine learning (ML) framework at the network edge, coined over-the-air mixup ML (AirMixML). In AirMixML, multiple workers transmit analog-modulated signals of their private data samples to an edge server who trains an ML model using the received noisy-and superpositioned samples. AirMixML coincides with model training using mixup data augmentation achieving comparable accuracy to that with raw data samples. From a privacy perspective, AirMixML is a differentially private (DP) mechanism limiting the disclosure of each worker's private sample information at the server, while the worker's transmit power determines the privacy disclosure level. To this end, we develop a fractional channel-inversion power control (PC) method, α-Dirichlet mixup PC (DirMix(α)-PC), wherein for a given global power scaling factor after channel inversion, each worker's local power contribution to the superpositioned signal is controlled by the Dirichlet dispersion ratio α. Mathematically, we derive a closed-form expression clarifying the relationship between the local and global PC factors to guarantee a target DP level. By simulations, we provide DirMix(α)-PC design guidelines to improve accuracy, privacy, and energy-efficiency. Finally, AirMixML with DirMix(α)-PC is shown to achieve reasonable accuracy compared to a privacy-violating baseline with neither superposition nor PC.