gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Soluble Human FcγR1A (CD64A) Reduces Inflammation in Murine Collagen-Induced Arthritis (2009)

Binding of immune complexes to cellular FcgammaRs can promote cell activation and inflammation. In previous studies, a recombinant human (rh) soluble FcgammaR, rh-FcgammaRIA (CD64A), was shown to block inflammation in passive transfer models of immune complex-mediated disease. To assess whether rh-FcgammaRIA could block inflammation in a T cell- and B cell-dependent model of immune complex-mediated disease, the efficacy of rh-FcgammaRIA in collagen-induced arthritis was evaluated. Mice with established arthritis were treated with a single s.c. injection of rh-FcgammaRIA (0.2-2.0 mg/dose) given every other day for 11 days. Relative to mice injected with vehicle alone, mice treated with rh-FcgammaRIA exhibited lower serum concentrations of IL-6, anti-type II collagen Abs, and total IgG2a. These changes were correlated with lower levels of paw swelling and joint damage in the rh-FcgammaRIA-treated mice and occurred in the presence of a significant murine Ab response to rh-FcgammaRIA. Comparison of the serum rh-FcgammaRIA concentration vs time profiles for rh-FcgammaRIA administered at two dose levels by i.v. and s.c. injection revealed that the bioavailabilty of s.c. administered rh-FcgammaRIA was 27-37%. Taken together, these data show that rh-FcgammaRIA is an effective inhibitor of inflammation in a model of established arthritis in mice.
Grid mapping in dynamic road environments: Classification of dynamic cell hypothesis via tracking (2014)

We propose a method capable of acquiring an occupancy grid map-based representation of the local, static driving environment around an intelligent vehicle in the presence of dynamic objects. These corrupt the representation due to violating the underlying static-world assumptions of common grid mapping algorithms and are therefore detected and filtered from the map. For this purpose, a subsequent step is suggested that identifies, clusters and merges dynamic cell hypothesis in a novel way. Thereafter, an Interacting-Multiple-Model-Unscented-Kalman-Probabilistic-Data-Association (IMM-UK-PDA) tracker is used to classify of whether cell movements behave consistently with possible movement characteristics of real dynamic objects or are just generated by noise or newly observed static environment. In opposition to many other approaches, the method explicitly combines information of newly occupied and free areas, completes the shape of only partly visible dynamic objects and uses an advanced object tracking scheme to clean the grid from dynamic object corruptions. The method is evaluated with grids generated by an automotive radar and stereo camera in real traffic environments.
Impact modification of PP with short PET fibers: Effect of heat setting on fiber characteristics and composite properties (2023)

Polypropylene (PP) composites containing poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers were prepared by injection molding in the temperature range of 190–260 °C. Increasing processing temperature led to the shrinkage of the PET fibers caused by the relaxation of orientation and recrystallization. Structural changes in the fibers resulted in the deterioration of composite properties. Decreased fiber length and modified local stress distribution restricted the plastic deformation of the matrix resulting in the very poor impact resistance of about 1 kJ/m2 at 260 °C processing temperature. The heat setting of PET fibers resulted in more stable crystalline structure and thus decreased shrinkage and improved composite properties even at high processing temperatures. PP composites impact modified with PET fibers are suitable structural materials for the automotive sector with a sufficiently large stiffness of around 2 GPa and an impact resistance larger than 20 kJ/m2 if processing temperature is kept as low as possible.
Stem cell mobilization utilizing granulocyte colony stimulating factor in advanced chronic heart failure: lessons from a pilot study (2008)

Mobilizing haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) to repair the failing heart is a promising intervention to halt the progression of this deadly disease. We postulated that low doses of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) could successfully mobilize HPC in advanced systolic heart failure and lead to beneficial effects. In a pilot study involving patients with advanced systolic heart failure, we established that a low dose (5 µg/kg/day for 5 days) of GCSF was sufficient to mobilize HPC into the peripheral blood in adequate numbers (>10 cells/µL) in spite of advanced heart failure and subject age. A striking observation was the significant elevation of plasma interleukin-10 levels in response to GCSF, without any change in tumour necrosis factor-α or interferon-γ levels. Left ventricular function improved significantly in subjects with ischaemic cardiomyopathy at 9 months after a single 5-day cycle of GCSF. Our results suggest the potential for improving left ventricular function in advanced systolic heart failure utilizing GCSF.
Anaphylaxis - identification, management and prevention. (2013)

The most common causes of anaphylaxis are medication, food and insect venom. Medications are the most common cause of anaphylaxis in older adults, particularly antibiotics, anaesthetic drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opiates. Food allergy is the most common cause of anaphylaxis in children, but rarely results in death. Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment with adrenaline, as well as ongoing management. Important steps for long-term risk minimisation include avoidance of triggers, prescription of an adrenaline autoinjector, maintenance of a personalised emergency action plan for anaphylaxis, education for patients and families and regular review to optimise management.
SRL in-situ tests in the United Kingdom: Part 2, Surface analyses of SRS waste glass buried for one and two years in limestone at Ballidon, UK (1991)

A multiphase experimental program to assess and understand waste glass behavior under a wide range of conditions has been in progress at the Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) for over a decade. An important part of this experimental effort is to assess the effects of repository relevant conditions on performance of SRS waste glass, in both controlled laboratory tests, as well as in actual field experiments. In laboratory test, SRS waste glass, simulated and in many cases also fully radioactive, has been tested in environments of salt, basalt, shale, granite, clay and tuff. In field experiments, there are four joint international programs being conducted in four different countries, involving burial of SRS simulated waste glass in granite, limestone, clay and salt geologies. This report discusses the SRS waste glass studies in limestone at Ballidon, UK..
Changes in the Cervical Foraminal Area after Anterior Discectomy with and without a Graft (1994)

A CONTROVERSIAL POINT in the management of patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy is whether an interbody bone graft should be used. Proponents of interbody grafting claim that without a graft, the disc height and the area of the foramina at that level will decrease postoperatively with the potential for persistent symptoms and/or the development of a radiculopathy. Using a two-dimensional digital planimeter, we measured the cross-sectional area (cm2) of cervical foramina on preoperative and postoperative oblique films in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy. Group A patients underwent the insertion of an interbody graft after the discectomy; Group B patients did not. Our results indicate that in all the patients in Group A, there was a statistically significant increase in the area of the foramina (P < 0.001) and in Group B, a statistically significant decrease (P = 0.0005). However, when the absolute change in magnitude of the foramina was measured, without respect to an increase or decrease, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.8). There was no statistically significant difference (P = 1.000) in the outcome between the two groups. From an anatomical standpoint, our data support the insertion of an interbody graft if the surgeon wishes to increase the area of the foramen. However, the overall magnitude of change is not significant, which may be a factor in why the clinical outcome is similar in both groups.
Broadband, Near Single-Cycle, Waveform-Stable Mid-Infrared Pulses Driven by a 2-µm Femtosecond Source (2019)

We present a novel source of ultrashort, watt-scale, 50-MHz repetition-rate, broadband (6-18 µm, or 555-1666 cm−1) pulses. Generation and electro-optic-sampling of the waveform-stable transients is driven with a femtosecond thulium-based fiber-amplifier.
The preparation of magnetically guided lipid based nanoemulsions using self-emulsifying technology (2009)

This paper reports an easy and highly reproducible preparation route, using self-emulsifying technology, for an orally administered high quality magnetically responsive drug delivery system. Hydrophobic iron oxide nanoparticles of about 5 nm in diameter were prepared and incorporated into the lipid core of the produced oil droplets of a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (MagC(18)/SNEDDS). The produced nanoemulsion exhibits colloidal stability at high ionic strengths and temperatures. The observed value of the saturation magnetization at 2 K is approximately 4.1 emu g(-1). The nanoemulsion displayed the magnetic properties of a non-interacting assembly of superparamagnetic particles and a low blocking temperature. Moreover the effect of MagC(18)/SNEDDS on biological systems in vitro was investigated in rodent fibroblasts (3T3 cells). The cytotoxicity studies show that none of the formulations tested affected cell activity significantly over the 24 h incubation. Such systems might have a potential use for oral delivery of poorly soluble compounds by extending the residence time of the formulation in the small intestine resulting in increased drug absorption values.
Rapid Transitions between Defect Configurations in a Block Copolymer Melt (2006)

With in situ scanning force microscopy, we image the ordering of cylindrical microdomains in a thin film of a diblock copolymer melt. Tracking the evolution of individual defects reveals elementary steps of defect motion via interfacial undulations and repetitive transitions between distinct defect configurations on a time scale of tens of seconds. The velocity of these transitions suggests a cooperative movement of clusters of chains. The activation energy for the opening/closing of a connection between two cylinders is estimated.
Individual Oral Therapy with Immediate Release and Effervescent Formulations Delivered by the Solid Dosage Pen (2012)

New devices enabling freely selectable dosing of solid oral medications are urgently needed for personalized medicine. One approach is the use of the recently published Solid Dosage Pen, allowing flexible dosing of tablet-like sustained release slices from drug loaded extruded strands. Slices were suitable for oral single dosed application. The aim of the present study was the development of immediate release dosage forms for applications of the device, especially for young children. Using two model drugs, two different concepts were investigated and evaluated. Effervescent formulations were manufactured by an organic wet-extrusion process and immediate release formulations by a melt-extrusion process. Dissolution experiments were performed for both formulations to ensure the immediate release behavior. Extruded strands were individually dosed by the Solid Dosage Pen. Various doses of the two formulations were analyzed regarding uniformity of mass and content according to pharmacopoeial specifications. Proof of concept was demonstrated in both approaches as results comply with the regulatory requirements. Furthermore, storing stress tests were performed and drug formulations were characterized after storing. The results show that suitable packaging material has been selected and storage stability is probable.
Strong Polyelectrolyte Brushes via Alternating Copolymers of Styrene and Maleimides: Synthesis, Properties, and Stability (2022)

Polyelectrolyte brushes are of great interest for various applications from smart actuators to fouling resistant surfaces. Strong stretching due to proximity and Coulombic repulsion of the neighboring chains is a key to their function, which creates tension along the polymer chains and leads to degrafting of polymer brushes from the surfaces. A promising approach to lower the tension along the backbone is to reduce the number of charged units. Herein, we report a series of strong polyelectrolyte brushes with precisely controlled architectures, based on the alternating copolymers of styrene and N-substituted maleimides. Alternating copolymerization is employed to ensure the homogeneous distribution of charged units and dilute the charge density. Tailor-made maleimide monomers bearing hydrocarbon spacers with cationic groups are copolymerized with styrene via surface-initiated Activators ReGenerated by Electron Transfer Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (SI-ARGET ATRP). Swelling behavior of the brushes is investigated as a function of molecular weight and pH. In solution atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses and water contact angle measurements revealed that it is possible to obtain PEBs with good hydration properties, by combining hydrophobic and ionic units in an alternating sequence. Results also proved that the spacers play an important role in swelling behavior and wettability of brushes. Stability of the brushes is evaluated through incubation tests, and AFM is used to follow the changes in thickness and surface morphology. Brushes retained more than 80% of their original height after 3 weeks in buffer solutions. This study provides a novel approach to design PEBs with enhanced stability and adjustable macromolecular architecture.
High-Reflectivity InGaP/GaAs Multilayer Reflector Grown by MOCVD for Highly Reliable 0.98-µm Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (1995)

We report an InGaP/GaAs multilayer grown by low-pressure MOCVD for highly reliable 0.98-µ m InGaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. High reflectivity of over 99% is obtained for the 45-period multilayer. The stability of the layer thickness over the entire multilayer is discussed from the viewpoint of the asymmetrical reflectivity spectrum. Our results indicate that the layer thickness slightly decreases during epitaxial growth.
Plasma Membrane Mg2+ATPase Activity is Inversely Related to Lipid Fluidity (1980)

The negative temperature dependence of the Mg2+ATPase of liver plasma membranes led to the postulate that decreased activity may result from increased fluidity of membrane lipids. To test this hypothesis bulk lipid fluidity was manipulated in two ways. First, membrane phospholipids were removed by phospholipase A2 treatment and replaced by specific exogeneous phospholipids with different liquid crystalline to gel transition temperatures (Tc). The cholesterol content was also decreased or increased in similar reconstitution experiments. Second, the fluidity of the whole membrane was increased by treatment with cis-vaccenic acid. Enzyme activity and fluorescence polarization of diphenyl hexatriene or ß-parinaric acid were determined after these modifications. Activity was inhibited at temperatures above the Tc of the reconstituted phospholipids and elevated below. Increased cholesterol enhanced activity. Activity of cis-vaccenic acid-treated membrane was directly proportional to the degree of polarization of fluorescence of diphenyl hexatriene. This somewhat unusual relationship between enzyme activity and lipid fluidity may reflect a requirement for a certain degree of lipid order either for optimal catalytic function or adequate exposure of the active site at the lipid-water interface.
Redispersion of Gold Supported on Oxides (2012)

Although many gold heterogeneous catalysts have been shown to exhibit significant activity and high selectivity for a wide range of reactions in both the liquid and gas phases, they are prone to irreversible deactivation. This is often associated with sintering or loss of the interaction of the gold with the support. Herein, we report on the use of methyl iodide as a method of dispersing gold nanoparticles supported on silica, titania, and alumina supports. In the case of titania- and alumina-based catalysts, the gold was transformed from nanometer particles into small clusters and some atomically dispersed gold. In contrast, although there was a drop in the gold particle size on the silica support following CH3I treatment, the size remained in the submicrometer range. The structural changes were correlated with changes in the selectivity and activity for ethanol dehydration and benzyl alcohol oxidation. From these observations, it is clear that this treatment provides a method by which deactivated gold catalysts can be reactivated via redispersion of the gold.
A Hierarchical Dynamic Link Network to Solve the Visual Correspondence Problem (1996)

Conventional neural networks try to solve the problem of object recognition in a single step by building a stimulus — response system that codes its result as cell activities. We take a different approach assuming that recognition is an active process with temporal dynamics and results in an ordered state. We present a structure of neuronal layers, interconnected by dynamic links (von der Malsburg, 1985 Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für Physikalische Chemie89 703 – 710) that solves the correspondence problem between two images and thus constitutes an important building block for a model of recognition. Images as well as stored models are represented as Gabor pyramids. This allows the dynamics to proceed from coarse to fine scale and reduces the sequential processing time inherent in the concept. Invariance under background changes is also made possible. On the lowest frequency level, a single blob of activity moves across the image and model layer, respectively. Dynamic links between these layers are initialised to the (highly ambiguous) feature similarities. Links grow or decline according to a combination of feature similarity and correlated activation. This enforces correct neighbourhood relationships in addition to feature similarity. On the higher levels the established correspondences are refined by several blobs in parallel. We present an improved version of the dynamical system proposed by Würtz [1995 Multilayer Dynamic Link Networks for Establishing Image Point Correspondences and Visual Object Recognition (Thun, Frankfurt a.M.: Harri Deutsch)] and show, with examples of human faces, that it evolves from an unordered link distribution to any ordered state where only corresponding point pairs are connected by strong links. Correspondences between sample points are population-coded by a set of neighbouring links.
A Distributed Sensing Approach for Single Platform Image-Based Localization (2018)

We present a distributed image based robot (re)-localization system with four non-stereo monocular cameras using a deep Convolutional Network (Convnet). Our system trains the well known Posenet (Kendall et al 2015) CNN architecture, with minor changes, for regressing the position of a ground robot using a compound image, consisting of images from four non-stereo monocular cameras mounted on the robotic platform. The training of the network is done end-to-end without the need for any special feature engineering to handle the compound image input. Our results show that there is significant advantage to using a compound image obtained from multiple cameras with non-overlapping field of view (non-stereo) as compared to using images from single cameras for image based localization. The compound-image based training yields median accuracy of 12 cm in an indoor environment which is at least twice as good as the results obtained using the same network trained on monocular image inputs.
Generic Solving of Physiologically-based Kinetic Models in Support of Next Generation Risk Assessment Due to Chemicals (2022)

Increasing confidence in using in vitro and in silico model-based data to aid the chemical risk assessment process is one of the most significant challenges faced by regulatory authorities. A crucial concern is taking full advantage of scientifically valid physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) models. Nevertheless, risk assessors remain unwilling to employ PBK models in their daily work. Indeed, PBK models are not often included in current official guidance documents. In addition, most users have limited experience with modeling in general. So, the complexity of PBK models and a lack of evaluation methods for their performance certainly contribute to their limited use in practical risk assessment. This paper proposes an innovative and unified modeling framework for writing PBK equations as matrix ordinary differential equations (ODE) and their solutions, expressed with matrix products. This generic PBK solution considers as many state variables as needed to quantify chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes within living organisms when exposed to chemical substances. This generic PBK model makes possible any compartmentalization to be considered, as well as all appropriate interconnections between compartments and with the external medium. We first introduce our PBK modeling framework, with all the intermediate steps from the matrix ODE to the exact solution. Then we apply this framework to bioaccumulation testing before illustrating its concrete use through complementary case studies regarding species, compounds, and model complexity.
Cooperative Cache System: A Low Power Cache System for Embedded Processors (2007)

This paper presents a dual data cache system structure, called a cooperative cache system, that is designed as a low power cache structure for embedded processors. The cooperative cache system consists of two caches, i.e., a direct-mapped temporal oriented cache (TOC) and a four-way set-associative spatial oriented cache (SOC). The cooperative cache system achieves improvement in performance and reduction in power consumption by virtue of the structural characteristics of the two caches designed inherently to help each other. An evaluation chip of an embedded processor having the cooperative cache system is manufactured by Samsung Electronics Co. with 0.25 um 4-metal process technology.
Flow diagnostics essential code: A simple and brief format for the summary of leukemia phenotyping (2013)

A consensus brief format (the "FDE Code") has been designed as a brief summary of the diagnostic immunophenotype of childhood AL. It is also applicable for the diagnostic investigation of other malignancies by flow cytometry. The FDE code may be included in the final clinical report and/or used in the setting of a multicenter clinical trial database.
Speech Driven Video Editing via an Audio-Conditioned Diffusion Model (2023)

Taking inspiration from recent developments in visual generative tasks using diffusion models, we propose a method for end-to-end speech-driven video editing using a denoising diffusion model. Given a video of a talking person, and a separate auditory speech recording, the lip and jaw motions are re-synchronized without relying on intermediate structural representations such as facial landmarks or a 3D face model. We show this is possible by conditioning a denoising diffusion model on audio mel spectral features to generate synchronised facial motion. Proof of concept results are demonstrated on both single-speaker and multi-speaker video editing, providing a baseline model on the CREMA-D audiovisual data set. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to demonstrate and validate the feasibility of applying end-to-end denoising diffusion models to the task of audio-driven video editing.