gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth of the fetal nose width and nostril distance in normal pregnancies (1997)

The study was planned to obtain the dimensions of the fetal nose width and nostril distance during normal pregnancy as a basis for further studies and for identification of deviations in growth. The study group included 302 healthy pregnant women at 14-40 weeks' gestation. Routine biometric measurements were obtained from all the participants, including biparietal diameter, head and abdominal circumferences, measurements of the long bones and dimensions of the fetal nose width and nostril distance. The nose width and nostril distance were also calculated for each gestational age. A linear growth relationship was observed between nose width and gestational age (r = 0.88; p < 0.0001; y = 0.27 + 0.57 x gestational age), biparietal diameter (r = 0.92; p < 0.0001; y = 0.41 + 0.23 x biparietal diameter), head circumference (r = 0.91; p < 0.00001; y = 0.85 + 0.63 x head circumference), femoral length (r = 0.91; p < 0.0001; y = 3.18 + 0.26 x femoral length) and humeral length (r = 0.73; p < 0.0001; y = 1.94 + 0.11 humeral length). A linear growth function was also observed between nostril distance and gestational age (r = 0.54; p < 0.00001; y = 2.77 + 0.15 x gestational age), biparietal diameter (r = 0.71; p < 0.00001; y = 1.83 + 0.08 x biparietal diameter), head circumference (r = 0.70; p < 0.00001; y = 1.99 + 0.2 x head circumference), femoral length (r = 0.75; p < 0.00001; y = 2.49 + 0.09 x femoral length) and humeral length (r = 0.91; p < 0.00001; y = 1.89 + 0.32 x humeral length). A linear growth relationship was found between nose width and nostril distance (r = 0.71; p < 0.00001; y = 1.81 + 0.31 x nose width). These results provide normative data of the fetal nose width and nostril distance in various dimensions and across gestational age. In addition, the data offer the potential for prenatal diagnosis of nose and nostril abnormalities.
Design of a CRLH CPW Wideband Filter Operating in the VHF Band with Flexible Thin Substrate (2019)

This paper proposes a new design of a wideband filter using the FPCB CPW composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH- TL). Particularly, to match the impedance of a very thin substrate, the CPW configuration is taken. Also, to reduce the size, a zeroth-order resonator (ZOR) is adopted and tuned to form the wide passband in VHF band (100–500 MHz). The results mean the proposed method generates good filter performance with the fractional bandwidth of over 160%, insertion loss lower than 2 dB, and return loss lower than −15 dB. The miniaturization is obtained with the overall size of 0.63λg× 0.26λg in terms of the center frequency and thickness lower than 0.025mm. The measurement verifies the circuit and EM simulation works.
Use of Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Reoperation After Spine Fusion for Adult Spinal Deformity (2015)

Using relevant inhospital patient records from the New York State Inpatient Sample, we found a 7.5-fold decrease in the risk of reoperation for pseudarthrosis after long fusions when using BMP. Decreased reoperation rates are caused by the improved fusion with the use of BMP. If subsequent unnecessary hospitals stays can be avoided, the economics of BMP use should be reexamined.
Analytical Study of Performance of High Resolution Positron Emission Computed Tomographs for Animal Study (1985)

Performance of positron emission computed tomographs having spatial resolution as high as 3 mm FWHM was analytically evaluated. Increases in widths of line spread functions due to positron range and angular deviation were estimated. The slice thickness should be thin in accordance with the resolution in transverse axial plane. Singles rate, true coincidence rate, and scattered coincidence rate with high resolution tomographs of small diameter detector rings were estimated for three types of thin slice collimators. Feasibility of high resolution positron tomographs with small detector rings was discussed with applications to animal study.
Robust channel estimation in wireless LANs for mobile environments (2003)

The recently developed wireless LAN systems, HIPERLAN/2 and IEEE 802.11a, operate in the 5 GHz frequency range and were originally designed for stationary terminals in slowly time-varying environments. Hence, pilot symbols for channel estimation are only provided at the beginning of a burst (in the preamble), since the channel behaviour is assumed not to change significantly over the burst duration. In order to support new scenarios with higher terminal mobility, it is essential to track the changes of the channel transfer function over time. We focus on techniques for a robust channel estimation, mainly based on enhanced pilots (EP). Three different channel tracking schemes are developed and applied to the wireless LAN systems: (1) use of scattered pilots; (2) use of midambles; (3) an additional decision-directed technique, combined with the midamble concept. The performance of the different methods is studied and compared quantitatively. As a result, suitable channel tracking techniques for different terminal speeds and data rates are proposed.
Performance trade-offs in large wireless networks (2006)

Recent technological advances have spurred interest in large wireless networks without fixed infrastructure. This work uses a random network model and characterizes the fundamental performance limits of such large wireless networks in terms of the scaling of optimal performance with the number of nodes in the network. The performance metrics include throughput (communication rate), delay, and energy consumption. It is shown that cooperation between nodes, by relaying data for each other, results in the best possible performance, although performance inevitably degrades as the number of nodes in the network increase. 
Gupta and Kumar (2000) showed that in static networks, the highest achievable throughput is of order 1/nlogn . This work shows that for any lower throughput, the optimal delay is of order n times the throughput. This work also establishes the optimal trade-offs between throughput, delay, and energy consumption for static networks. Grossglauser and Tse (2001) showed that a constant throughput scaling is achievable in a network with mobile nodes, however, the corresponding delay was not known. This work models the mobility of nodes as a random walk on the discrete torus and shows that the corresponding delay is of order n log n. The optimal throughput-delay tradeoff for mobile networks is also established. For any throughput of order 1/nlogn or lower, the throughput-delay trade-off is the same as in static networks. Somewhat surprisingly, this trade-off reveals that any throughput higher than that achievable in static networks is accompanied by a delay of order n log n. The effect of restricted mobility on throughput and delay is also investigated. The techniques used to establish these results belong to several areas such as analysis of algorithms, probabilistic analysis, Markov chains., queuing theory, and random walks.
Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2011 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (2011)

The 34 papers in this special issue can be divided into several groups: analog papers; data converter papers; RF papers; wireless communication papers; and wireline communication papers.
On the Cost of Lock Inheritance in Lock Managers Supporting Nested Transactions. (1994)

The flexibility of nested transactions is generally provided at the expense of a more complex locking mechanism which must deal with expensive lock inheritance. In this paper, we give a solution for efficient lock inheritance. Our solution does not change the original nested transactions model but does revisit its locking rules using set-oriented semantics. This allows us to trade the cost of lock propagation at sub-transaction commit for a potentially more complex conflict detection. Then we propose an efficient lock implementation which maintains the overhead of lock requests comparable to the traditional overhead in flat transactions. We conducted a number of comparative measurements in order to evaluate our trade-off. Our benchmarks show a cut off from 7% to 60% of the global time spent in lock operations, which includes lock requests, locks inheritance and release of locks. 1 Introduction The traditional flat transaction model has long been recognised as too limited for complex d...
Quantitative changes in the secretion of exosomes from keratinocytes homeostatically regulate skin pigmentation in a paracrine manner (2020)

The content and distribution of melanin in the epidermis determines the wide variety of skin colors associated with ethnic/racial diversity. Although it was previously reported that qualitative changes in keratinocyte-derived exosomes regulate melanocyte pigmentation in vitro, their practical involvement, especially in skin color development in vivo, has remained unclear. To address this unexplained scientific concern, the correlation of epidermal exosomes isolated from human skin tissues with melanosomal protein expression levels was demonstrated in this study for the first time. After confirming the quantitative effect of human keratinocyte-derived exosomes on human melanocyte activation, even in the absence of ultraviolet B (UV-B) exposure, the impact of exosomes secreted from UV-B-irradiated keratinocytes on melanogenesis was consistently detected, which suggests their constitutive role in regulating cutaneous pigmentation. Additionally, both a specific exosome secretion inducer and a suppressor were consistently found to significantly control melanin synthesis in a co-culture system composed of keratinocytes and melanocytes as well as in an ex vivo skin culture system. These results suggest that quantitative changes, in addition to already known qualitative changes, in exosomes secreted from human epidermal keratinocytes homeostatically regulate melanogenic activity in a paracrine manner, which leads to skin color determination.
The Personal Interaction Panel – a Two‐Handed Interface for Augmented Reality (1997)

This paper describes the introduction of a new interaction paradigm to augmented reality applications. The everyday tool handling experience of working with pen and notebooks is extended to create a three dimensional two‐handed interface, that supports easy‐to‐understand manipulation tasks in augmented and virtual environments. In the design step we take advantage from the freedom, given by our very low demands on hardware and augment form and functionality to this device. On the basis of examples from object manipulation, augmented research environments and scientific visualization we show the generality of applicability. Although being in the first stages implementation, we consider the wide spectrum of suitability for different purposes.
Novel phase mask Apparatus for ‘Through the Jacket’ inscription of FBG’s in unloaded SMF-28 fiber (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text C. W. Smelser, F. Bilodeau, B. Malo, D. Grobnic, and S. J. Mihailov, "Novel phase mask Apparatus for 'Through the Jacket' inscription of FBG's in unloaded SMF-28 fiber," in Advanced Photonics & Renewable Energy, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper BThD3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Arterial thrombosis is accelerated in mice deficient in histidine-rich glycoprotein (2015)

Factor (F) XII, a key component of the contact system, triggers clotting via the intrinsic pathway, and is implicated in propagating thrombosis. Although nucleic acids are potent activators, it is unclear how the contact system is regulated to prevent uncontrolled clotting. Previously, we showed that histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) binds FXIIa and attenuates its capacity to trigger coagulation. To investigate the role of HRG as a regulator of the intrinsic pathway, we compared RNA- and DNA-induced thrombin generation in plasma from HRG-deficient and wild-type mice. Thrombin generation was enhanced in plasma from HRG-deficient mice, and accelerated clotting was restored to normal with HRG reconstitution. Although blood loss after tail tip amputation was similar in HRG-deficient and wild-type mice, carotid artery occlusion after FeCl3 injury was accelerated in HRG-deficient mice, and HRG administration abrogated this effect. To confirm that HRG modulates the contact system, we used DNase, RNase, and antisense oligonucleotides to characterize the FeCl3 model. Whereas DNase or FVII knockdown had no effect, carotid occlusion was abrogated with RNase or FXII knockdown, confirming that FeCl3-induced thrombosis is triggered by RNA in a FXII-dependent fashion. Therefore, in a nucleic acid-driven model, HRG inhibits thrombosis by modulating the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.
Quantitative Identification of Different Single Molecules by Selective Time-Resolved Confocal Fluorescence Spectroscopy (1998)

Using a confocal epi-illuminated microscope together with a pulsed laser, new applications of the recently developed, real-time spectroscopic technique BIFL (burst integrated fluorescence lifetime) are introduced. BIFL registers two different types of information on every detected photon with regard to the macroscopic time scale of a measurement and to the fluorescence lifetime. Thus, it is shown to be well suited to identify freely diffusing single dye molecules via their characteristic fluorescence lifetime. This allows for selective counting of dye molecules in an open volume element and opens up the possibility to quantify the relative concentration of the dye molecules, using a recently derived theoretical model, which analyzes the obtained burst size distribution of a sample survey. A closed theory is presented to calculate the probability of a specific dye to cause a fluorescence burst containing a certain number of detected photons. It considers the distribution of the excitation irradiance over the detection volume together with saturation effects of the fluorescence and of the detection electronics, the probability of different transit times through the detection volume, and the probability of multimolecule events. Using BIFL together with selective counting, the concentration of two dyes, Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G, in separate solutions and in a mixture were determined. The obtained results are consistent with the applied dye concentrations and with simultaneous measurements by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The introduced method is an appropriate tool for the complete characterization and quantitative analysis of a highly diluted sample in homogeneous assays.
Knockdown of GADD34 in neonatal mutant SOD1 mice ameliorates ALS (2019)

Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause ~20% of familial ALS (FALS), which comprises 10% of total ALS cases. In mutant SOD1- (mtSOD1-) induced ALS, misfolded aggregates of SOD1 lead to activation of the unfolded protein response/integrated stress response (UPR/ISR). Protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), a kinase that phosphorylates eukaryotic translation initiator factor 2α (p-eIF2α), coordinates the response by causing a global suppression of protein synthesis. Growth arrest and DNA damage 34 (GADD34) dephosphorylates p-eIF2α, allowing protein synthesis to return to normal. If the UPR/ISR is overwhelmed by the amount of misfolded protein, CCAAT/enhancer-binding homologous protein (CHOP) is activated leading to apoptosis. In the current study we investigated the effect of knocking down CHOP and GADD34 on disease of G93A and G85R mtSOD1 mice. Although a CHOP antisense oligonucleotide had no effect on survival, an intravenous injection of GADD34 shRNA encoded in adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) into neonatal G93A as well as neonatal G85R mtSOD1 mice led to a significantly increased survival. G85R mtSOD1 mice had a reduction in SOD1 aggregates/load, astrocytosis, and microgliosis. In contrast, there was no change in disease phenotype when GADD34 shRNA was delivered to older G93A mtSOD1 mice. Our current study shows that GADD34 shRNA is effective in ameliorating disease when administered to neonatal mtSOD1 mice. Targeting the UPR/ISR may be beneficial in mtSOD1-induced ALS as well as other neurodegenerative diseases in which misfolded proteins and ER stress have been implicated.
Privacy of the long-term identities in cellular networks (2016)

Identity and location privacy are of particular interest for mobile devices because people typically carry their mobile phone all the time and they also use the same device for a long time. Attacks by IMSI catchers have been reported in many countries. Cellular systems have had protection against pa
High-resolution electron-beam induced deposition (1988)

A finely focused electron beam is used as a source of energy to decompose molecules, e.g., organometallics or hydrocarbons, adsorbed on the surface of a substrate. Films deposited by these means can be used as etch mask for reactive ion etching, as an absorber for various types of radiation, or directly as part of a device structure. A vector scan electron beam system with a LaB6 cathode has been equipped with a temperature controlled reservoir to supply vapors into a differentially pumped sample chamber. The substrate is mounted on a stage which can be cooled or heated in the range of −40 to +110 °C. The ability to utilize backscattered electron micro- scopy is maintained. Area, line, and spot deposition rates have been measured for tungsten hexacarbonyl [W(CO)6] and dimethyl–gold–trifluoro–acetylacetonate [Me2Au(tfac)] at various fluxes, sample temperatures, and current densities. Three-dimensional buildup of tips and free standing lines across holes in membranes and resolution better than 0.25 μm have been achieved. The composition of the deposited films has been analyzed and each deposit is rich in metal and carbon. Tungsten rich deposits can be used as a highly selective etch mask for oxygen plasmas. Effects limiting the ultimate resolution, such as backscattering from the substrate, and scattering from the deposited material are discussed.
Nanoporous Organosilicate Films Prepared in Acidic Conditions Using Tetraalkylammonium Bromide Porogens (2008)

Abstract Organosilicate films with narrow pore size distribution tunable in the range of 1–3.4 nm were prepared by spin‐coating of silicon wafers with sols prepared in acidic conditions using tetraethyl orthosilicate, methyltrimethoxysilane, and tetraalkylammonium bromide (TAABr) porogen. The pore size was defined by the alkyl chain length of the quaternary ammonium molecule and the porogen concentration. The pore network in the films and the hydrophobicity of the pore surfaces were characterized using ellipsometric porosimetry with toluene and water adsorbates. In the absence of TAABr, the pore volume was 9 vol% and the pore size 1 nm. By using TAABr porogens, monomodal pore size distributions were obtained in the range of 1.2–3.5 nm. The pore volume was in the range from 18 vol% at 1.2 nm pore diameter up to 54 vol% at 3.5 nm diameter. The hydrophobicity of the pores was dependent on the pore diameter, with smaller pores being the least hydrophobic. The increase of hydrophobicity with pore size was explained by an increased distance between silanol groups on the curved pore surfaces. The mechanical properties and dielectric constant of these films were comparable to reference materials prepared using more sophisticated porogens reported in the literature.
Experimental behaviour and deflection of low‐strength concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars (2016)

Abstract FRP rebars with low compressive strength concrete is desirable in order to avoid the accelerated corrosion processes that could occur with steel rebars. For this purpose, an experimental programme was designed to identify the failure modes and bending behaviour. The experimental results are compared with equations from ACI 440.1R‐06, CSA S806‐12 and other design codes as well as with other results from a review of the literature. The comparisons indicate that the resistance moment is well predicted by codes for flexural failure. At ultimate loads, the deflection of the beams is further underestimated compared with the deflection of Reinforced Concrete beams with a higher compressive strength. An analytical simulation of 690 beams indicates that deflection is the major limiting criterion at the serviceability limit state. Finally, the formulation problem of the optimal FRP design for reinforced concrete beams can be turned into a programming problem. The space of the feasible design solutions and the optimal solutions can be obtained using only a reduced number of design variables and an existing design method.
Generating the best superresolution microscopy data: Finding the right tool for the right job (2015)

Superresolution microscopy has recently been making headlines again, not least because it was the breakthrough that spurred Eric Betzig, Stefan Hell, and William Moerner to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2014. The number of superresolution technologies keeps increasing, along with an alphabet soup of acronyms that includes SIM, SPIM, STED, PALM, and STORM. It is difficult enough for the microscopy experts to keep up, but even more challenging for the average biologist, particularly when they are looking for more from their data than a standard or confocal microscope can offer. When faced with the array of possible techniques, how does one decide which technique is going to get the results needed for that next major publication? In this webinar we will discuss the newest developments in superresolution microscopy and provide practical advice on obtaining the best imaging results. Our panelists, including 2014 Nobel Prize winner Eric Betzig, will help you find the right tool to answer your biological question. You will also hear case studies about how superresolution microscopy data has made the difference between acceptance and rejection of key papers by scientific journals.
Electromagnetic, Mechanical and Manufacturing Properties for Cable Wound Direct-Drive PM Linear Generators for Offshore Environments (2012)

Renewable energy conversion in offshore environments, such as wave, wind and tidal energy, can potentially give a considerable contribution to the global electric energy demand. These harsh environments require robust generators with minimal need for maintenance at competitive costs. To reduce the generator cost, the electromagnetic design must be done with manufacturing in mind. An optimal design provides high electric efficiency, long device life-time, little need for maintenance and low manufacturing costs. Modern simulation tools can be used to optimize the electromagnetic design of a generator for a specific task and operation mode. Hereby both electromagnetic losses and material stresses can be reduced. Industrial robots might provide new possibilities to automate generator-specific manufacturing tasks. A generator design with a cable wound stator, surface mounted permanent magnets on the translator and direct-drive linear technology is investigated in this article. This concept has a simpler and more robust mechanical design, while both the electromagnetic losses and the need for maintenance are reduced. By reducing the number of generator assembly steps, manufacturing might also be facilitated. Further work is however needed in developing automated assembly methods and comparing them to conventional generator manufacturing.