gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alkylation of NH-sulfoximines under Mitsunobu-type conditions (2023)

Previously described approaches for the alkylation of <i>N</i>H-sulfoximines typically rely either on transition metal catalysis, or the use of traditional alkylation reagents and strong bases. Herein, we report a straightforward alkylation of diverse <i>N</i>H-sulfoximines under simple Mitsunobu-type conditions, despite the unusually high p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> of the <i>N</i>H center.
Ultrasonic Anisotropic Conductive Films (ACFs) Bonding of Flexible Substrates on Organic Rigid Boards at Room Temperature (2007)

In this study, a novel anisotropic conductive film (ACF) bonding method for flexible substrate-organic rigid board bonding was investigated using an ultrasonic vibration. And the ultrasonic (U/S) ACF bonding was characterized in terms of adhesion strength, electrical continuity in comparison with those of thermo-compression (T/C) bonding. An ultrasonic bonder was used to produce ultrasonic vibration in ACF joints between flexible substrates and organic rigid boards. Test boards were 25 um-thick polyimide based flexible substrates and 1 mm-thick FR-4 organic rigid boards. The effect of process conditions, such as U/S powers, bonding pressures, and bonding times on the ACF temperature were investigated. The in-situ temperature at the ACF layer was measured during U/S bonding to determine the relation between the ACF temperature and the bonding characteristics of ACF joints. The optimized U/S bonding time was obtained within 5 sec at room temperature. The significant meaning of this result is that the ACF bonding process times can be remarkably reduced by U/S bonding compared with conventional 15 sec T/C bonding at 190degC. The ACF joints with the optimized U/S bonding conditions showed similar bonding characteristics as those with T/C bonding in terms of the adhesion strength and the daisy-chain contact resistance. The fourier transformation infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the ACF degree of cure was achieved 90 % at 3 sec and 95 % at 4 sec. Reliability test results showed that the U/S bonded test boards had stable daisy-chain contact resistances in 85degC/85 % RH test and 125degC high temperature storage test for 1000 hours and -55degC~125degC thermal cycling test for 1000 cycles.
An efficient and frequency-offset-tolerant channel estimation and synchronization method for PDM CO-OFDM transmission (2010)

We propose a computationally efficient and frequency-offset-tolerant channel estimation and synchronization method for polarization-division-multiplexed (PDM) coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM). Using this method, we demonstrate a 43-Gb/s PDM CO-OFDM transmission with 16-QAM subcarrier modulation over 5,200-km of ultra-large-area fiber.
Intelligent Planning and Execution of Tasks Using Hybrid Agents (2009)

Multi agent systems are being applied to a wide range of applications from territorial explorations to unmanned combat missions. Agents operate as distributed problem solvers and work together to accomplish the tasks in the system. Various control frameworks have been developed for execution of tasks by agents in the system. Control frameworks consider that the agents are aware of their tasks and provide for the controls to complete the tasks in the dynamic, changing and uncertain environment of the system. But tasks in multi agent systems are not always predetermined and may evolve over time requiring dynamic planning for not only the controls but also the determination of tasks for the agents. This paper presents an integrated task planning and control framework for multi agent systems. A dynamic planning framework is developed which in turn is integrated with a selected hybrid control framework for multi agent systems. Simulation result are presented for the effectiveness of the proposed work towards a comprehensive solution to the multi agent systems based applications.
Age-based differences in the disability of spine injuries in pediatric and adult motor vehicle crash occupants (2022)

Older adults had significantly greater disability rates associated with MVC spine injuries across all spinal regions. MVC disability rates for pediatrics were considerably lower. Overall, rates of mortality were significantly lower than rates of disability. The adjusted disability rates developed can supplement existing injury metrics by accounting for age- and location-specific functional implications of MVC spine injuries.
Visible diffraction from quasi-crystalline arrays of carbon nanotubes (2015)

Large area arrays of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) are patterned in a quasi-crystalline Penrose tile arrangement through electron beam lithography definition of Ni catalyst dots and subsequent nanotube growth by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition. When illuminated with a 532 nm laser beam high-quality and remarkable diffraction patterns are seen. The diffraction is well matched to theoretical calculations which assume apertures to be present at the location of the VACNTs for transmitted light. The results show that VACNTs act as diffractive elements in reflection and can be used as spatially phased arrays for producing tailored diffraction patterns.
All robots are not created equal (2002)

This paper presents design research conducted as part of a larger project on human-robot interaction. The primary goal of this study was to come to an initial understanding of what features and dimensions of a humanoid robot's face most dramatically contribute to people's perception of its humanness. To answer this question we analyzed 48 robots and conducted surveys to measure people's perception of each robot's humanness. Through our research we found that the presence of certain features, the dimensions of the head, and the total number of facial features heavily influence the perception of humanness in robot heads. This paper presents our findings and initial guidelines for the design of humanoid robot heads.
Advanced Materials for PEM-Based Fuel Cell Systems (2005)

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are quickly becoming attractive alternative energy sources for transportation, stationary power, and small electronics due to the increasing cost and environmental hazards of traditional fossil fuels. Two main classes of PEMFCs include hydrogen/air or hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The current benchmark membrane for both types of PEMFCs is Nafion, a perfluorinated sulfonated copolymer made by DuPont. Nafion copolymers exhibit good thermal and chemical stability, as well as very high proton conductivity under hydrated conditions at temperatures below 80 °C. However, application of these membranes is limited due to their high methanol permeability and loss of conductivity at high temperatures and low relative humidities. These deficiencies have led to the search for improved materials for proton exchange membranes. Potential PEMs should have good thermal, hydrolytic, and oxidative stability, high proton conductivity, selective permeability, and mechanical durability over long periods of time. Poly(arylene ether)s, polyimides, polybenzimidazoles, and polyphenylenes are among the most widely investigated candidates for PEMs. Poly(arylene ether)s are a promising class of proton exchange membranes due to their excellent thermal and chemical stability and high glass transition temperatures. High proton conductivity can be achieved through post-sulfonation of poly(arylene ether) materials, but this most often results in very high water sorption or even water solubility. Our research has shown that directly polymerized poly(arylene ether) copolymers show important advantages over traditional post-sulfonated systems and also address the concerns with Nafion membranes. These properties were evaluated and correlated with morphology, structure-property relationships, and states of water in the membranes. Further improvements in properties were achieved through incorporation of inorganic fillers, such as phosphotungstic acid and zirconium hydrogen phosphate. Block copolymers were also studied due to the possibility to achieve a desired combination of homopolymer properties as well as the unique morphologies that are possible with block copolymers. Bezoyl substituted poly(p-phenylene) blocks were combined with poly(arylene ether) blocks to merge the structural rigidity of the poly(p-phenylene) with the ductility and high protonic conductivity of the poly(arylene ether)s. As evidenced by our many refereed publications and preprints, the research that we have conducted over the past several years has made a valuable and significant contribution to the literature and to the state of understanding of proton exchange membranes. Our early efforts at scale-up have suggested that the directly polymerized disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers are commercially viable alternatives for proton exchange membranes. A new process for bipolar plates was developed and is described. An important single domain PEMFC model was developed and is documented in this final report.
Molecular Recognition of Proteins: Sequence-Selective Binding of Aspartate Pairs in Helical Peptides (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Recognition of Proteins: Sequence-Selective Binding of Aspartate Pairs in Helical PeptidesJeffrey S. Albert, M. Scott Goodman, and Andrew D. HamiltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3, 1143–1144Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00108a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00108a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The VeSPA instruction set architecture (ISA) (2004)

The instruction set architecture (ISA) of the VeSPA (Very Small Processor Architecture) defines the interface between the hardware designer and the assembly language programmer. It consists of all of the programmer accessible storage, plus all of the instructions.
Monolithically integrated ln0.53Ga0.47As receiver with voltage-tunable transimpedance (1991)

Monolithically integrated InP-based optical receivers are attractive for long-wavelength high-density optical communications. Here we reported an In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As receiver which consists of an In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As PIN photodiode and an In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As JFET transimpedance amplifier. The In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As JFETs have previously demonstrated high stability and suitable for large-scale InP-based OEICs. 1 A narrow-gate In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As JFET (5μm wide and 30μm long) is used as an active feedback resistor for the transimpedance amplifier. The output resistance of the narrow-gate transistor operated in its linear region can be dynamically tuned over a wide range. In addition to the active resistors, the transimpedance amplifier has a common source inverter, a level-shifter and an output buffer. Figure 1 shows the circuit diagram and photomicrograph of the monolithic receiver.
A 33Mpixel CMOS imager with multi-functional 3-stage pipeline ADC for 480fps high-speed mode and 120fps low-noise mode (2018)

High-resolution video has rapidly integrated into our daily life in the context of progress in camera, display, signal processing, and communication technologies. The uppermost video parameters standardized at this moment include 8K, 120-fps, 12b RGB, wide-color-gamut, and HDR. Although a camera that fulfills all these parameters has been reported based on 1.7-inch 33-Mpixel CMOS imagers [1], achieving a smaller form factor while also maintaining image quality is required from the standpoint of mobility, lens design, and depth of focus. In general, miniaturization of the imager causes degradation of the image quality metrics such as sensitivity, dynamic range, and resolution. We deliberated on these difficulties, and set a target optical format of 1.25 inch.
Reactive Nitrogen Species Emission Trends in Three Light-/Medium-Duty United States Fleets (2015)

Repeated, fuel-specific, emission measurements in Denver (2005/2013), Los Angeles (LA) (2008/2013), and Tulsa (2005/2013) provide long-term trends in on-road reactive nitrogen emissions from three light-/medium-duty U.S. fleets. Reductions in oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions ranged from 21% in Denver (from 5.6 ± 1.3 to 4.4 ± 0.2 g of NOx/kg of fuel) to 43% in Tulsa (from 4.4 ± 0.3 to 2.5 ± 0.1 g of NOx/kg of fuel) since 2005, while decreases in fleet ammonia (NH3) emissions ranged from no change in Denver (from 0.45 ± 0.09 to 0.44 ± 0.02 g of NH3/kg of fuel) since 2005 to a 28% decrease in LA (from 0.80 ± 0.02 to 0.58 ± 0.02 g of NH3/kg of fuel) since 2008. The majority of the reduction in gasoline vehicle NOx emissions occurred prior to the full implementation of the Tier II emission standards in 2009. High in-use NOx emissions from small-engine diesel passenger vehicles produced a significant contribution to the fleet means despite their small numbers. NH3 emissions decreased at a slower rate than NOx emissions as a result of modest NH3 emission reduction among the newest vehicles and increased emissions from a growing number of older vehicles with active catalytic converters. In addition, the reactive nitrogen emissions from many new model year vehicles are now dominated by NH3.
Survey of Differentially Expressed Proteins and Genes in Jasmonic Acid Treated Rice Seedling Shoot and Root at the Proteomics and Transcriptomics Levels (2007)

phytohormone * inhibitory concentration * growth * gel-based approach * mass spectrometry * DNA microarray.
Vergleich eines makrozyklischen mit einem linearen Gadolinium-haltigem Kontrastmittel zur Ganzkörper MR-Angiographie im klinischen Alltag (2008)

Ziele: Aufgrund des systemischen Charakters der Atherosklerose eignet sich die Ganzkörper MR-Angiographie (GKMRA) gut zur umfassenden Diagnostik. Bisherige Erfahrungen liegen insbesondere mit 0,5M linearen Gadolinium-haltigen Kontrastmitteln (KM) vor. In letzter Zeit wurde zunehmend von Fällen mit nephrogener systemischer Fibrose (NSF) berichtet und insbesondere bei Risikopatienten mit Niereninsuffizienz können Gadolinium-haltige Kontrastmittel nicht ohne Vorbehalt gegeben werden. Makrozyklische Gadoliniumverbindungen weisen eine höhere Stabilität auf und könnten daher in Zukunft zunehmend Verwendung finden. Ziel war der Vergleich der Bildqualität und diagnostischer Wertigkeit von GKMRA des linearen Gadopentetate Dimeglumine und makrozyklischen Gadobutrol mit der digitalen Subtraktionsangiographie (DSA). Methode: 167 Patienten wurden mit Gadopentetate Dimeglumine (n=85) oder Gadobutrol (n=80) (Magnevist bzw. Gadovist, Bayer Schering Pharma) an einem Ganzkörper MR-Tomographen (Magnetom Avanto, Siemens, Erlangen) in 4 Stationen untersucht (FLASH 3D Sequenzen, insgesamt 0,25mmol/kg Körpergewicht). Das arterielle Gefäßsystem wurde in 31 Segmente eingeteilt und die Bildqualität anhand einer 4 Punkte Skala bewertet (1=nicht diagnostisch, 4=exzellente Bildqualität). Sensitivität, Spezifität und Testgenauigkeit zur Detektion hämodynamisch relevanter Stenosen (≥70%) wurden zur DSA der symptomatischen Region als Referenzstandard berechnet und verglichen (Student-t-Test, Kappawert nach Cohen). Ergebnis: Die Bildqualität wurde in 5115 Segmenten bewertet (31 Segmente bei 165 Patienten), wobei kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen Gadopentetate Dimeglumine und Gadobutrol vorlag (3,76±0,3 versus 3,78±0,3). Eine DSA lag in 2757 Segmenten (165 Patienten, jeweils symptomatische Region) zum Vergleich vor. Die Sensitivität/Spezifität zur Detektion von Stenosen ≥70% betrug 93%/95% für Gadopentetate Dimeglumine und 94%/94% für Gadobutrol. Es wurde kein signifikanter Unterschied in der Testgenauigkeit (Accuracy jeweils 95%) und der Übereinstimmung zur DSA (Kappawert nach Cohen jeweils 0,83) festgestellt. Schlussfolgerung: Mit beiden KM kann eine hohe Bildqualität und diagnostische Sicherheit bei GKMRA im Vergleich zur DSA erreicht werden. Dies erscheint aufgrund der hohen Koinzidenz von Niereninsuffizienz und Atherosklerose von hoher klinischer Relevanz, da das makrozyklische Gadobutrol eine Alternative zum bisherigen Standard der linearen 0,5M KM darstellen kann.
Novel CYP2C19 629c>a mutant gene detection in Japanese subjects and estimation of its effect on conformation. (2010)

Gene polymorphism is considered to be one of the causes of poor metabolism (PM), and approximately 20 mutants have been reported for CYP2C19 thus far. In our analysis of the CYP2C19*3 mutant gene, we detected new CYP2C19 SNPs by cross checking with different procedures. We confirmed a new c>a mutation at the 629 position. Among the 587 healthy Japanese volunteers studied, two subjects carrying a mutant CYP2C19 allele were found to be heterozygotes (0.17%). Accordingly, we predicted the effect of this novel mutation on CYP2C19 conformation. The 629c>a mutation was located on exon 4 and was an amino acid substitution, in which Thr210 was changed to Asn. The modeled structure of CYP2C19 showed that the hydrogen bond between the main chain oxygen of Ile207 and the side chain Oγ of Thr210 would be lost when Thr210 was substituted by Asn; however, no steric constraint was observed, although Asn is larger than Thr in size. Although the CYP2C19 629c>a mutation induces an amino acid substitution, it is predicted to scarcely change its conformation. On the basis of these findings, we speculate that the mutant is not a causative gene for PM in CYP2C19 carriers.
Platelet activity (malondialdehyde production) after orthopaedic surgery (1981)

Using a biochemical assay of the prostaglandin endoperoxide metabolite malondialdehyde, platelet activity was evaluated in 147 patients who were undergoing orthopaedic surgical procedures. Assays were performed before and after operation and the results were correlated with the type of operation, the sex of the patient, and the use of aspirin as an antiplatelet-aggregation agent. Postoperatively, statistically significant elevations of platelet activity were found in patients who were not taking aspirin, while highly statistically significant suppressions of this activity were found after total hip arthroplasties and other surgical procedures in patients who had received aspirin. Men and women had similar levels of suppression of platelet aggregability with aspirin.
Selective Trimerization ofα-Olefins with Triazacyclohexane Complexes of Chromium as Catalysts (2000)

Olefin trimers can be prepared selectively from α-olefins with n-alkyl-substituted triazacyclohexane–CrCl3 complexes as catalysts in the presence of methyaluminoxane (MAO).
Fabrication and Transport Behavior Investigation of Gate-All-Around Silicon Nanowire Transistor from Top-Down Approach (2009)

Gate-all-around silicon nanowire transistor (SNWT) can be considered as the potential candidate for highly scaled devices. This paper mainly discusses a new process integration scheme, which features bulk substrate based, epi-free integration, self-aligned structure and large source/drain fan-out. The characteristics of the fabricated device with 10nm diameter nanowire were investigated. The transport behavior of the SNWTs is experimentally estimated, with a modified experimental extraction methodology for SNWTs given, which takes into account the impact of temperature dependence of parasitic resistance. The sub-40nm SNWTs exhibit high ballistic efficiency at room temperature. Self-heating effect is also experimentally characterized and due to the 1-D nature of nanowire and increased phonon-boundary scattering in GAA structure, the self-heating effect in SNWTs based on bulk substrate is comparable or even a little bit worse than SOI devices, which may limit the ultimate performance of SNWT-based circuits and thus special design consideration is expected.
A.5 Identification of predictors of response to Erenumab in episodic and chronic migraine in a cohort of patients: a preliminary analysis (2021)

Background: Erenumab is an antibody anti-calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) receptor approved for the treatment of episodic (EM) and chronic migraine (CM). In this study, we aimed to identify the predictors of response to the treatment. Methods: This is an ongoing retrospective cohort study of 120 patients (49 with cervicalgia) with EM or CM treated with Erenumab. The first endpoint was to identify the success rate of this treatment (at least 50% reduction in monthly migraine days during the third month of the treatment). The second endpoint was to identify the predictors of response to Erenumab treatment. Results: Seventy one percent of patients achieved a favorable response (P-value&lt;0.001) to Erenumab. Patients with cervicalgia showed a lower treatment success rate (21.1% with vs 40.8% without cervicalgia) while patients without cervicalgia showed a higher treatment success rate (78. 9% without vs 59.2% with cervicalgia) with a P-value of 0.025 and an odd ratio of 0.388 (95% CI 0.174-0.869, P-value=0.021). A similar trend was observed in patients with occipital neuralgia and obesity (P-value&lt;0.08). Conclusions: The preliminary analysis of this study demonstrates that cervicalgia (and to a lesser extend occipital neuralgia and obesity) is a negative predictor of response to Erenumab in patients with migraine.
Refining Theory Considerations for Assessing Pulp Properties in the Commercial Manufacture of TMP (2001)

Measurements of energy transfer during commercial-scale TMP refining of loblolly pine (P. teada) and of the properties of the resulting pulp showed that, for refiners operating within normal commercial ranges, Miles' relationships, which characterize refiner operating conditions by 'refining intensity' and 'specific refining power', are limited in their ability to predict pulp properties. The refining pressure was found to be at least as important, particularly when high disc speeds are used. Operating at high pressure and high speed used less energy and yielded pulps having handsheet properties comparable to those of conventionally refined pulp, and with improved linting propensity. Scanning electron microscope measurements suggest that increasing the intensity of refining causes a higher incidence of fibre splitting in the cross-sectional direction, and results in improved linting propensity. A new parameter, cumulative refining intensity, is introduced to quantify the totality of refining events experienced by wood/fibre passing through the mainline refining stages.
Turnover After the Fallout (2009)

Human cardiac muscle cells slowly renew into adulthood, a potential that may be therapeutically exploited.