gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Synergetic Impact of Anionic, Cationic, and Neutral Polymers on VES Rheology at High-Temperature Environment (2022)

Hydraulic fracturing operations target enhancing the productivity of tight formations through viscous fluid injection to break down the formation and transport proppant. Crosslinked polymers are usually used for desired viscoelasticity of the fracturing fluid; however, viscoelastic surfactants (VES) became a possible replacement due to their less damaging impact. To design a fracturing fluid with exceptional rheological and thermal stability, we investigated mixing zwitterionic VES with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), or a poly diallyl dimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) polymers. As a base fluid, calcium chloride (CaCl<sub>2</sub>) solution was prepared with either distilled water or seawater before adding a polymer and the VES. A Chandler high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) viscometer was used to conduct the viscosity measurements at a shear rate of 100 1/s. It has been found that adding 1% CMC polymer to 9% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) VES increases the viscosity more compared to 10% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) VES at reservoir temperatures of 143.3 °C. On the other hand, adding only 1.0% of HEC to 9% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) VES doubled the viscosity and proved more effective than adding CMC. HEC, nevertheless, reduced the system stability at high temperatures (i.e., 148.9 °C). Adding DADMAC polymer (DP) to VES increased the system viscosity and maintained high stability at high temperatures despite being exposed to saltwater. CaCl<sub>2</sub> concentration was also shown to affect rheology at different temperatures. The improved viscosity through the newly designed polymer can reduce chemical costs (i.e., reducing VES load), making it more efficient in hydraulic fracturing operations.
Detection of Antibodies against Borna Disease Virus Proteins in an Autistic Child and Her Mother (2016)

Volume 70, no 2, p.225-227, 2017. Page 226, Figure 1B and C should appear as shown below.
Conserved structural motifs among mammalianjunBgenes (1992)

Journal Article Conserved structural motifs among mammalian junB genes Get access Zenji Kawakami, Zenji Kawakami 1Tsukuba Life Science Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Issay Kitabayashi, Issay Kitabayashi 1Tsukuba Life Science Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tatsuhiko Matsuoka, Tatsuhiko Matsuoka 1Tsukuba Life Science Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gabriel Gachelin, Gabriel Gachelin 1Tsukuba Life Science Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan2Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur25 rue du Dr Roux, 77724 Paris Cedex 15, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kazushige Yokoyama Kazushige Yokoyama * 1Tsukuba Life Science Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 20, Issue 4, 25 February 1992, Page 914, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.4.914 Published: 25 February 1992 Article history Accepted: 04 December 1991 Published: 25 February 1992
Activity‐based probes for the multicatalytic proteasome (2017)

Proteasomes are multisubunit protease complexes responsible for degrading most intracellular proteins. In addition to removing damaged proteins, they regulate many important cellular processes through the controlled degradation of transcription factors, cell cycle regulators, and enzymes. Eukaryotic proteasomes have three catalytic subunits, β1, β2, and β5, that each has different substrate specificities. Additionally, although we know that diverse cell types express proteasome variants with distinct activity and specificity profiles, the functions of these different pools of proteasomes are not fully understood. Covalent inhibitors of the protease activity of the proteasome have been developed as drugs for hematological malignancies and are currently under investigation for other diseases. Therefore, there is a need for tools that allow direct monitoring of proteasome activity in live cells and tissues. Activity-based probes have proven valuable for biochemical and cell biological studies of the role of individual proteasome subunits, and for evaluating the efficacy and selectivity of proteasome inhibitors. These probes react covalently with the protease active sites, and contain a reporter tag to identify the probe-labeled proteasome subunits. This review will describe the development of broad-spectrum and subunit-specific proteasome activity-based probes, and discuss how these probes have contributed to our understanding of proteasome biology, and to the development of proteasome inhibitors.
RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION of CYLINDRICAL PARTICLES IN A CURVED SECTION of A HOLDING TUBE: the EFFECT of PARTICLE SIZE and FLOW RATE1 (1995)

The residence time and the residence time distributions of cylindrical particles (density 1130 kg/m 3 and particle concentration 20% v/v) in a U‐bend of 22 cm radius of curvature were studied. All experiments were conducted at room temperature and with an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (0.5% CMC) as the carrier medium. Two levels of particle size (11 and 20 mm) and three levels of product flow rates (0.66 × 10 −3 , 0.81 × 10 −3 , and 0.97 × 10 −3 m 3 /s) were used. the results obtained from this study showed that the mean and the standard deviation of the normalized residence time of particles decreased as either particle size or flow rate was increased. the E(θ) and F(θ) curves indicated that flow profile of particles approached the plug flow profile as the particle size or the flow rate was increased. Results obtained from regression analyses revealed that the mean and the standard deviation of the normalized residence time were significantly influenced by particle Froude number and most strongly by particle‐to‐tube diameter ratio.
Shear Modulus Imaging with Spatially-Modulated Ultrasound Radiation Force (2009)

The application of Spatially-Modulated Ultrasound Radiation Force (SMURF) to shear modulus imaging is demonstrated in tissue-mimicking phantoms and porcine liver. Scanning and data acquisition was performed with a Siemens Antares ultrasound scanner and VF7-3 linear array operating at 4.21 MHz. Modulus estimates in uniform phantoms of Zerdine with shear moduli of 5.1 and 12.4 kPa exhibited standard deviations within 6% of the mean value. Zerdine spheres 1 cm in diameter (nominally 2.7, 4.7 and 15 kPa) in a 8 kPa (nominal) background are clearly resolved. Cross sectional images of a soft conical inclusion in a gelatin-based phantom indicate a spatial resolution of approximately 2.5 mm. Images of the shear modulus of an ex-vivo sample of porcine liver tissue show an average value of 3 kPa. A stifflesion induced with 0.5 mL of 10% glutaraldehyde is clearly visible as a region of shear modulus in excess of 10 kPa. A modulus gradient associated with the diffusion of the glutaraldehyde is visible. Two pulse sequences were examined, differing only in the timing of the beams used to generate the shear waves. Details of the beam sequences and subsequent signal processing are presented.
Polarisation-driven magneto-optical and nonlinear-optical behaviour of a room-temperature ferroelectric nematic phase (2022)

Nematics with a broken polar symmetry is one of the fascinating recent discoveries in the field of soft matter. High spontaneous polarisation and the fluidity of the ferroelectric nematic $N_{\mathrm{F}}$ phase make such materials attractive for future applications and interesting for fundamental research. Here we explore the polar and mechanical properties of a room-temperature ferroelectric nematic and its behaviour in a magnetic field. We show that $N_{\mathrm{F}}$ is much less susceptible to the splay deformation than to the twist. The strong splay rigidity can be attributed to the electrostatic self-interaction of the polarisation avoiding the polarisation splay.
Fiber Optics Data Bus System (Presents Current State of the Art in the Suitability of Fiber Optics for Multiterminal Data Communications). (1974)

Abstract : Progress is described towards realization of a multiterminal fiber optics data bus capable of handling the information flow requirements of a modern military aircraft. Major accomplishments include development of novel access couplers containing a glass block with an internal mirror, and sensitive optical receivers using a field-effect transistor to amplify the integrated current output from a silicon photodiode. A five-terminal, unidirectional data bus system designed for 5 Mb/s operation was successfully demonstrated.
HIGH-MAGNETIC-FIELD SPECTROSCOPY OF InGaAs-AlAs/InP QUANTUM-CASCADE LASER (2007)

The magnetic-field dependence of the mid-infrared quantum-cascade laser emission spectra is used to identify the particular Wannier-Stark states responsible for the laser action in two different laser designs. The active regions in both QCLs are based on the bound-to-continuum design, but have differing degrees of coupling between the injector miniband and the bound state. The effects of the magnetic field and the injection-barrier width on the emission wavelength indicates that the laser emission in the QCL with less coupling between the injector and the bound state originates from a transition between the injector and extractor minibands. The transition from injector miniband to extractor miniband has both a lower energy and a lower oscillator strength than the transition originating from the bound state, but dominates because of the low population of the upper bound state. This result has important implications for further miniband engineering of QCL active regions for laser action at the shortest possible wavelengths. New quantum-cascade laser sample, designed regarding the high-magnetic-field spectroscopy results mentioned above, indeed operates at shorter wavelength and demonstrates outstanding performance up to room temperature.
Development of blood‐compatible elastomers. III. Hematologic effects of avcothane intra‐aortic balloon pumps in cardiac patients (1972)

Abstract As of this date, tri‐segmented intra‐aortic balloons made from Avcothane‐51 elastomer were applied in the counterpulsation treatment of about 80 cardiac patients. The combined effects induced by the implanted elastomer and the hemodynamics of pumping are analyzed by means of hematologic changes observed in a set of 28 patients who were treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital for an average period of about 4 days, and represent a widely diversified group in terms of their clinical conditions. In no case were, any significant adverse hematologic effects induced by this assist device whether the hosts had been anticoagulated or not heparinized at all. While platelet levels were somewhat affected by the assist device, the particular conditions of the patient appear to have an effect of at least, equal magnitude. In addition to platelet levels steadily decreasing with pumping time, changes in platelet levels similar to the pattern of “platelet tide” occurred with about equal frequency. Monitored in terms of erythrocyte counts and plasma hemoglobin levels, no significant degree of hemolysis could be detected. Leukocyte counts in patients having above‐normal levels at the beginning of pumping returned to normal while in other cases there were no significant changes. Fibrinogen, one of the plasma proteins most sensitive to foreign surfaces, showed levels increasing from subnormal to normal as a function of pumping time. The overall in vivo performance of Avcothane‐51 balloons appers to be consistent with the state of the surfaces of recovered devices, showing only the presence of occasional adherent platelets upon examination by scanning electron microscopy.
Synthesis of Proton-Ionizable p-Nitrophenol-Containing Tetraazacrown and Diazadithiacrown Ethers from an Aromatic Building Block Prepared via the Einhorn Reaction (1998)

A series of p-nitroanisole-containing tetraazacrown (14−18), diazacryptand (22), and diazadithiacrown (23−25) macrocycles has been prepared by treating the appropriate secondary diamine, diazacrown, or dimercaptan with 2,6-bis[(2-chloroacetamido)methyl]-4-nitroanisole (BB). Five of these p-nitroanisole-containing macrocycles were reported earlier. Four new bis(p-nitroanisole)-containing macrocycles resulting from a 2 + 2 macrocyclization of diamine or dimercaptan with BB were also isolated. Six of the p-nitroanisole-containing macrocycles (16, 17, 22−25) were converted to the p-nitrophenol-containing macrocycles (27−32) on treatment with LiI in refluxing pyridine. Thermodynamic quantities (log K, ΔH, and TΔS) for the interactions of four new compounds (24, 27, 31, and 32) with Na+, K+, Ba2+, Ag+, and Pb2+ were evaluated by calorimetric titration at 25.0 °C in either 70% or absolute methanol solution. The compounds show strong interactions with Ag+ and Pb2+ but very weak interactions with Na+, K+, and Ba2+. Ligand 31 exhibited high selectivity for Ag+ over Pb2+. X-ray crystal structures were obtained for diazadithia macrocycle 23 and the Ag+−31 complex.
In vitro analyses of the effect of aromatic diamidines upon Trypanosoma cruzi (2009)

Our results show the high activity of this new series of ADs against both trypomastigote and amastigote forms, with excellent SIs, especially compound 7, which merits further in vivo evaluation.
OA/Gpnmb Mutation Impairs Osteoblast and Osteoclast Differentiation and Function (2010)

Osteoactivin/Gpnmb (OA/Gpnmb) is a glycoprotein identified in bone, and later found to be strongly localized to bone‐forming osteoblasts. There exists in mice a naturally occurring mutation for OA/Gpnmb, which is attributable to premature stop codon resulting in a truncated 150 amino acid OA/Gpnmb protein. Micro‐CT analysis of aged mice show decreased bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular thickness (Tb. Th.) in OA/Gpnmb mutant mice when compared to wild‐type, implying that OA/Gpnmb mutant mice are more osteoporotic. Immunoflourescent analysis has shown OA/Gpnmb protein in mutant osteoblasts (OB) is retained in the peri‐nuclear/cis‐Golgi area. Electron microscopy analysis of osteoblasts showed no morphological differences in mutant osteoblasts versus control, suggesting OA/Gpnmb retention is not cytotoxic. qPCR mRNA and western blot analyses showed increased RANKL expression in OB from OA/Gpnmb mutant. Co‐culture of bone marrow cells showed marked increase in osteoclast (OC) numbers and size in mutant cultures when compared to WT. Treatment of WT and Mutant osteoblasts with recombinant OA/Gpnmb protein resulted in enhanced osteoclast number and size in vitro in WT and but not in mutant OB, suggesting an inherent defect to in mutant compared to WT OC. Collectively, these data suggest OA/Gpnmb acts as a regulator of osteoblast‐osteoclast differentiation and function. Grant Funding Source : NIAMS
Principles of Service‐Oriented Computing (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Use Cases Service-oriented Architectures Major Benefits of Service-oriented Computing Composing Services Spirit of the Approach Exercises
Detection and typing of herpes simplex viruses by using recombinant immunoglobulin fragments produced in bacteria (1997)

Thirty-seven bacterial clones producing human recombinant monoclonal antibody Fab fragments (rFabs) reactive to herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigens were selected from a human combinatorial antibody library constructed in a phage-display vector by a panning procedure against an HSV lysate. Thirty-four of the HSV-specific rFabs were able to specifically recognize HSV-infected cells in indirect immunofluorescence (IF) assays; of these, 25 recognized cells infected by either HSV type 1 (HSV-1) or HSV-2, while 9 recognized only HSV-1-infected cells. One HSV type-common rFab (rFab H37) and one HSV-1-specific rFab (rFab H85) were further evaluated as reagents for viral detection and typing by IF staining in 134 HSV-positive (72 HSV-1 and 62 HSV-2) viral cultures from clinical specimens. The results obtained with these two rFabs were fully consistent with those obtained with a commercial preparation of fluorescein-labeled anti-HSV type-specific murine monoclonal antibodies. The detection sensitivity with the type-common rFab in indirect IF assays was higher overall than that provided by the type-specific murine monoclonal antibodies. Preparations of rFabs suitable for IF staining can be easily and inexpensively obtained in a clinical microbiology laboratory from Escherichia coli cultures. Similar HSV-specific rFabs, therefore, could be advantageous for in vitro diagnostic purposes.
Design of Super-Miniature Bandpass Filters Embedded in the Organic Substrate without Using Large-Value Capacitors (2006)

Very small-size bandpass filters embedded in the organic substrate for wireless front-end applications are presented. Due to the lack of fabrication process for large-value capacitors in the organic substrate, a filter prototype using an inductive coupling of series resonators is proposed to achieve high performance within a stringent size constraint. In implementation, the organic bandpass filters are composed of the spiral inductors and parallel-plate capacitors that are embedded in a 4-layer BT laminate, one of today's most popular package substrate. The final realized performance and size are competitive to the LTCC filters but with a much lower cost
Asymmetric Photocatalysis by Intramolecular Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer in Photoexcited Catalyst–Substrate Complex (2019)

Abstract 3‐(2‐Formylphenyl)‐1‐pyrazol‐1‐yl‐propenones undergo an asymmetric photorearrangement to benzo[ d ]cyclopropa[ b ]pyranones with up to &gt;99 % ee , which is catalyzed by a bis‐cyclometalated rhodium catalyst in the presence of visible light. Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations support a mechanism in which a photoexcited catalyst/substrate complex triggers an intramolecular hydrogen‐atom transfer followed by a highly stereocontrolled hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction. In this reaction scheme, the rhodium catalyst fulfills multiple functions by 1) enabling visible‐light π→π* excitation of the catalyst‐bound enone substrate, 2) facilitating the hydrogen‐atom transfer, and 3) providing the asymmetric induction for the hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction.
S0308 Prep-Free Screening Capsule to Redefine Colorectal Cancer Screening and Prevention (2020)

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be prevented by removal of polyps during colonoscopy. Colonoscopy barriers include invasiveness and need of bowel cleansing preparation. Non-invasive CRC stool based tests may increase CRC screening adherence, but are not designed as a tool to identify pre-cancerous polyps. We present data from a novel prep-free colon cancer screening technology for the detection of pre-cancerous polyps. METHODS: An ingestible capsule descends through the gastrointestinal tract via natural motility and scans the colon for structural abnormalities using an ultra-low-dose X-ray source. The data is transmitted to a recorder unit attached to the patient. The test requires no preparation or sedation, allowing patients to continue their daily routine. A 187 patients were performed in the U.S. and Israel designed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the technology in detecting polyps. All sites received EC/IRB approvals. Patients ingested the capsule with a contrast agent and underwent a colonoscopy performed by independent gastroenterologists, who were blinded to the test's results. RESULTS: Sensitivity of the capsule in detecting clinically significant polyps (≥10 mm) was 76% and specificity was 82% with no severe or serious adverse events reported. Some patients reported mild abdominal pain and nausea. Patient characteristics are shown in Table 1. A survey questionnaire resulted with a score of 4.18 compared to a 2.91 for colonoscopy (P = 0.0011) using a scoring system of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) in response to the phrase: “I would recommend the test for colonic screening”. CONCLUSION: The reported patient satisfaction, sensitivity, specificity and safety highlights the potential of the capsule technology as a tool for CRC prevention. Further studies are needed to make this technology part of our routine colon cancer prevention armamentarium.Figure 1.: Polyp as detected by the capsule system compared to colonoscopy (endoscopic image).Table 1.: Patients Characteristic dataTable 2.: Capsule sensitivity and specificity
Understanding Factors That Modulate HIV Infection at the Female Genital Tract Mucosae for the Rationale Design of Microbicides (2012)

Women are now becoming the pivot of the epidemiological spread of HIV infection worldwide, especially in developing countries. Therefore, research to develop an efficient microbicide is now a priority for the prevention of HIV-1 acquisition in exposed women. However, recent disappointing failures in microbicide clinical trials revealed major gaps in basic and applied knowledge that hinder the development of effective microbicide formulations. Indeed, the inhibitory power of microbicide molecules may be affected by several physiological and immunological factors present in male and female genital tracts. Furthermore, mucosal crossing of HIV-1 to increase the ability to reach the submucosal target cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells) may be modulated by supraepithelial factors such as seminal complement components (opsonized HIV-1), by epithelial factors released in the submucosal microenvironment such as antimicrobial soluble factors, cytokines, and chemokines, and by potent intraepithelial and submucosal innate immunity. The design of vaginal microbicide formulations should take into account an understanding of the intimate mechanisms involved in the crossing of HIV through the female genital mucosae, in the context of a mixture of both male and female genital fluids.
An adaptive solution for nonlinear system identification (2017)

This paper proposes a new and very simple method to perform identification of nonlinearities in systems that are supposed to be linear. The improvement with respect to the previous approaches lies in the low computational complexity of the solution and the convenient possibility of online evaluation. Simulation results show that the proposed method provides good performance in terms of coefficients identification, resulting in both low steady-state error and high convergence rate of the algorithm, which justifies its applicability in practice.