gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct binding of amyloid imaging ligands to unique amyloid‐β deposited in the presubiculum of Alzheimer's disease (2015)

Non-invasive determination of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) deposition with radioligands serves for the early diagnosis and clarification of pathogenetic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The polymorphic binding site on multimeric Aβ for current radioligands, however, is little understood. In this study, we investigated the binding of several radioligands including (11)C-Pittsburgh Compound B ((11)C-PiB), (3)H-AZD2184, and two recently developed compounds, (125)I-DRM106 and (125)I-DRK092, with unique presubicular Aβ deposits lacking interaction with the commonly used amyloid dyes FSB. (11)C-PiB, (3)H-AZD2184, and (125)I-DRK092 showed overt binding to presubicular Aβ deposits, while (125)I-DRM106 barely bound to these aggregates despite its strong binding in the hippocampal CA1 sector. Unlike neuritic plaques in the CA1, Aβ lesions in the presubiculum were not accompanied by inflammatory gliosis enriched with 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO). Thus, there are at least two different components in Aβ aggregates providing distinct binding sites for the current amyloid radioligands, and one of these binding components is distinctly present in the presubicular Aβ deposits. Amyloid radioligands lacking affinity for this component, such as (125)I-DRM106, may selectively capture Aβ deposits tightly associated with TSPO neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration as exemplified by CA1 neuritic plaques. Hence, comparative autoradiographic assessments of radioligand binding in CA1 and presubiculum could serve for the development of an amyloid PET imaging agent visualizing neurotoxicity-related Aβ pathologies. Non-invasive determination of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) serves for the early diagnosis and clarification of pathogenetic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We found that there are at least two different amyloid components in hippocampal CA1 and presubiculum providing distinct binding sites for the current amyloid radioligands. Comparative analysis for radioligand binding in these two regions could serve for developing novel imaging agents selectively visualizing neurotoxicity-related Aβ pathologies.
Selection of ssDNA aptamer using GO-SELEX and development of DNA nanostructure-based electrochemical aptasensor for penicillin (2022)

Penicillin is among the most used antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of infections in livestock. However, residual penicillin present in animal food products can cause an allergic immune response or induce several human diseases. Herein, we identified aptamer sequences highly specific to penicillin G (PenG) through GO-SELEX screening of the ssDNA library. The target-binding affinity and the dissociation constants of the aptamer sequences were determined by an electrochemical sensing platform. The effectiveness of the sensing platform was enhanced by modifying the working electrode surface using gold nanoparticles and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide and further functionalized with tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs). The TDN functionalization allowed to precisely control the surface density of the biosensing interface and orientation of attached aptamers with high target accessibility. The specificity of the selected aptamer sequence was confirmed by testing against different antibiotics. The results show that the designed aptasensor was fast, sensitive, and specific in detecting and quantifying PenG in a wide concentration range from 0.2 nM to 1 mM with an ultralow limit of detection of 0.05 nM. Additionally, the aptasensor exhibited great potential for application in a real sample when tested with penG-spiked milk samples with recovery rates in the range of 98–109%.
Improved Sensitivity in Ultrasound Molecular Imaging With Coherence-Based Beamforming (2017)

Ultrasound molecular imaging (USMI) is accomplished by detecting microbubble (MB) contrast agents that have bound to specific biomarkers, and can be used for a variety of imaging applications, such as the early detection of cancer. USMI has been widely utilized in preclinical imaging in mice; however, USMI in humans can be challenging because of the low concentration of bound MBs and the signal degradation caused by the presence of heterogenous soft tissue between the transducer and the lesion. Short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) beamforming has been proposed as a robust technique that is less affected by poor signal quality than standard delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming. In this paper, USMI performance was assessed using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging combined with DAS (conventional CEUS) and with SLSC (SLSC-CEUS). Each method was characterized by flow channel phantom experiments. In a USMI-mimicking phantom, SLSC-CEUS was found to be more robust to high levels of additive thermal noise than DAS, with a 6dB SNR improvement when the thermal noise level was +6dB or higher. However, SLSC-CEUS was also found to be insensitive to increases in MB concentration, making it a poor choice for perfusion imaging. USMI performance was also measured in vivo using VEGFR2-targeted MBs in mice with subcutaneous human hepatocellular carcinoma tumors, with clinical imaging conditions mimicked using a porcine tissue layer between the tumor and the transducer. SLSC-CEUS improved the SNR in each of ten tumors by an average of 41%, corresponding to 3.0dB SNR. These results indicate that the SLSC beamformer is well-suited for USMI applications because of its high sensitivity and robust properties under challenging imaging conditions.
Opening of Glycidol with Phenols in Water Using Catalytic Amounts of Sodium Hydroxide: A Practical Synthesis of 3-Aryloxy-1,2-propanediols (1997)

Abstract A practical synthesis of enantiopure 3-aryloxy-1,2-propanediols by opening of (S)-glycidol with phenols under aqueous conditions using catalytic amounts of sodium hydroxide is described.
Detection of a Schiff base intermediate in the formation of acetone-oxytocin (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetection of a Schiff base intermediate in the formation of acetone-oxytocinVictor J. Hruby and Vincent Du VigneuadCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 13, 3624–3626Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01041a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01041a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
P‐173: Improved Efficiency in Blue Fluorescent Organic Light‐emitting Devices Using Anthracene‐containing Dibenzofuran‐Type Host Materials (2020)

A series of novel blue‐host materials based on anthracene have been synthesized and investigated in which, a π‐electron‐rich dibenzofuran moiety was introduced as a side group to finely adjust the HOMO/LUMO levels of the anthracene and enhance the ability of charge‐transport and injection. To explore the electroluminescent properties of these materials, blue devices of HATCN(30 wt%):BPBPA(40 nm)/BPBPA(10 nm)/PCZAC(10 nm)/Host(30 nm):t‐DABNA(3 wt%)/DBFTrz(5 nm)/ZADN(20 nm)/LiF(1.5 nm)/Al(200 nm) were fabricated. DFAP1 device showed maximum external quantum efficiency of 8.2% with a CIE color coordinate of (0.125, 0.107) and DFAP2 device showed maximum external quantum efficiency of 7.4% with a CIE color coordinate of (0.128, 0.090).
A Short Summary of Intellectual Property (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Patents Trade Secrets Copyrights Trademarks and Servicemarks Other Types of Intellectual Property
Microcomputer Control of a Residential Photovoltaic Power Conditioning System (1985)

Microcomputer-based control of a residential photovoltaic power conditioning system is described. The microcomputer is responsible for array current feedback control, maximum power tracking control, array safe zone steering control, phase-locked reference wave synthesis, sequencing control, and some diagnostics. The control functions are implemented using Intel 8751 single-chip microcomputer-based hardware and software. The controller has been tested in the laboratory with the prototype power conditioner and shows excellent performance.
Nanoscale integration of single cell biologics discovery processes using optofluidic manipulation and monitoring (2019)

The new and rapid advancement in the complexity of biologics drug discovery has been driven by a deeper understanding of biological systems combined with innovative new therapeutic modalities, paving the way to breakthrough therapies for previously intractable diseases. These exciting times in biomedical innovation require the development of novel technologies to facilitate the sophisticated, multifaceted, high-paced workflows necessary to support modern large molecule drug discovery. A high-level aspiration is a true integration of "lab-on-a-chip" methods that vastly miniaturize cellulmical experiments could transform the speed, cost, and success of multiple workstreams in biologics development. Several microscale bioprocess technologies have been established that incrementally address these needs, yet each is inflexibly designed for a very specific process thus limiting an integrated holistic application. A more fully integrated nanoscale approach that incorporates manipulation, culture, analytics, and traceable digital record keeping of thousands of single cells in a relevant nanoenvironment would be a transformative technology capable of keeping pace with today's rapid and complex drug discovery demands. The recent advent of optical manipulation of cells using light-induced electrokinetics with micro- and nanoscale cell culture is poised to revolutionize both fundamental and applied biological research. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art for optical manipulation techniques and discuss emerging biological applications of this technology. In particular, we focus on promising prospects for drug discovery workflows, including antibody discovery, bioassay development, antibody engineering, and cell line development, which are enabled by the automation and industrialization of an integrated optoelectronic single-cell manipulation and culture platform. Continued development of such platforms will be well positioned to overcome many of the challenges currently associated with fragmented, low-throughput bioprocess workflows in biopharma and life science research.
Surface-engineered coatings for multispectral infrared mirrors (2010)

This paper summarizes the research and development of multispectral infrared mirror designs based on the surface patterning of coating materials. Three-dimensional structures can be etched into the coating materials to create infrared devices capable of meeting a wide variety of different multispectral performance requirements. The design methodology developed in this work is based on optimizing the patterning of a singly periodic three-dimensional structure (grating) that is etched directly into a coating material. Each of these designs consists of a unit cell that possesses a single 2-D strip with various heights, thicknesses, and sidewall profiles. The goal of this work is to develop mirror designs that exhibit high reflectance properties (R>85%) in the spectral regions of interest. A robust genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique is employed to modify the height, thickness, and sidewall profile of the grating structure in order to meet these design goals. In addition, the optimizations take into account the fabrication constraints needed to guarantee that the resulting geometries can be reproduced experimentally. A prototype device based on an amorphous silicon (aSi) grating with an optimized sidewall profile backed by a quartz substrate was fabricated.
Accelerated stability test of a-Si:H by defect saturation (1991)

The temperature dependence of the saturated light‐induced defect density (Nsat) of a‐Si:H was measured while precisely controlling sample temperature during illumination. Nsat decreases if the sample temperature is held above 75 °C to 100 °C, and increases below 50 °C. At intermediate temperature Nsat levels off. The two thermally activated regions of Nsat suggest that the activation energy of the annealing process has a distribution with two peaks. In experiments geared to raising the stability of a‐Si:H, we found that Nsat is reduced to the lowest value measured so far by thermal annealing at 190 °C for 3 to 19 hours prior to light‐soaking. This result suggests that the microscopic structure of a‐Si:H plays on important role in stability.
The Therapeutic Frequency Profile of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Rats Is Shaped by Antidromic Spike Failure (2023)

The therapeutic mechanisms of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) may depend on antidromic activation of cortex via the hyperdirect pathway. However, hyperdirect pathway neurons cannot reliably follow high-stimulation frequencies, and the spike failure rate appears to correlate with symptom relief as a function of stimulation frequency. We hypothesized that antidromic spike failure contributes to the cortical desynchronization caused by DBS. We measured <i>in vivo</i> evoked cortical activity in female Sprague Dawley rats and developed a computational model of cortical activation from STN DBS. We modeled stochastic antidromic spike failure to determine how spike failure affected the desynchronization of pathophysiological oscillatory activity in cortex. We found that high-frequency STN DBS desynchronized pathologic oscillations via the masking of intrinsic spiking through a combination of spike collision, refractoriness, and synaptic depletion. Antidromic spike failure shaped the parabolic relationship between DBS frequency and cortical desynchronization, with maximum desynchronization at ∼130 Hz. These findings reveal that antidromic spike failure plays a critical role in mediating the dependency of symptom relief on stimulation frequency.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a highly effective neuromodulation therapy, yet it remains uncertain why conventionally used stimulation frequencies (e.g., ∼130 Hz) are optimal. In this study, we demonstrate a potential explanation for the stimulation frequency dependency of DBS through a combination of <i>in vivo</i> experimental measurements and computational modeling. We show that high-frequency stimulation can desynchronize pathologic firing patterns in populations of neurons by inducing an informational lesion. However, sporadic spike failure at these high frequencies limits the efficacy of the informational lesion, yielding a parabolic profile with optimal effects at ∼130 Hz. This work provides a potential explanation for the therapeutic mechanism of DBS, and highlights the importance of considering spike failure in mechanistic models of DBS.
Temporal Logic Inference with Prior Information: An Application to Robot Arm Movements**Corresponding Author: Zhe Xu. We acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation through grants number CNS0953976, CNS-1218109, and NRI-1426907, and the O_ce of Naval Research through grant number N00014-14-1-0554 for the research reported in this paper. (2015)

Temporal logics are widely used to express (desired) system properties in controller synthesis and verification. In linear temporal logics, the semantics of the formulae are defined on the execution trajectories of the system. Recently, there have been a lot of interest in using dense-time linear temporal logic, such as Signal Temporal Logic (STL) in characterizing system trajectories. In this paper, we present a new method to derive an STL formula that characterizes the motion of a robot arm. Our work generalizes earlier work in this area by (i) allowing the use of polyhedral predicates, and (ii) incorporating a priori knowledge about the predicates. The formula is defined by a set of parameters, whose values are determined by minimizing a cost function that balances the trade-off between the formula's match with the trajectories and the the similarity between its predicate and an a priori known predicate. We apply our algorithm on experimental trajectories generated using a PHANToM Omni robot.
Engineering SHP2 Phosphatase for Optical Control (2022)

Signal transduction pathways are responsible for maintaining cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression. These pathways are maintained through the propagation of phosphorylation signals by protein kinases, as well as the removal of phosphorylation signals by protein phosphatases. Depending on the context, post-translational modification could have either a positive or negative effect on a signaling pathway. Intricate networks of positive and negative regulators offer a challenging target for the dissection of cell signaling mechanisms, particularly regarding the more subtle dampening of signal transduction through phosphatases. We report the development of two complimentary methods for the optical control of a complex phosphatase: SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2). We investigated controlling the catalytic function of SHP2 through (1) site-specific incorporation of a caged tyrosine for light activation of catalytic activity for the control of an essential substrate binding residue and (2) site-specific incorporation of a caged lysine at a conserved residue within an allosteric pocket for the control of SHP2 binding partner docking sites. These methods are generalizable to proteins bearing either a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) catalytic domain or an SH2 domain, including SHP1, PTP family phosphatases, and a diverse range of SH2 domain-containing proteins.
Coherent single-photon generation and trapping with imperfect cavity QED systems (2006)

We study analytically the dynamics of cavity QED nodes in a practical quantum network. Given a single 3-level $Λ$-type atom or quantum dot coupled to a micro-cavity, we derive several necessary and sufficient criteria for the coherent trapping and generation of a single photon pulse with a given waveform to be realizable. We prove that these processes can be performed with practical hardware -- such as cavity QED systems which are operating deep in the weak coupling regime -- given a set of restrictions on the single-photon pulse envelope. We systematically study the effects of spontaneous emission and spurious cavity decay on the transfer efficiency, including the case where more than one excited state participates in the dynamics. This work should open the way to very efficient optimizations of the operation of quantum networks.
icath – Integrated Catheter for Simultaneous Glucose Measurement and Insulin Infusion (2013)

The integration of a glucose sensor into the insulin infusion catheter of an insulin pump allows for simultaneous insulin delivery and continuous glucose monitoring at the same spot in subcutaneous tissue. Invivo experiments in pigs have been conducted with the presented single-port system. It could be shown that the glucose concentration measured subcutaneously in the interstitial liquid follows the glucose profile in blood and that insulin infusion at the site of measurement doesn't influence the glucose concentration.
Correlating Dynamics and Selectivity in Adsorption of Semiconductor Nanocrystals onto a Self-Organized Pattern (2007)

Selective adsorption of semiconductor nanocrystals onto an organic self-organized pattern shows a time-dependent behavior. By studying the wetting behavior of delivered solvent (1-phenyloctane) on a lipid self-organized pattern and determining the adhesion energy between semiconductor nanocrystals and substrate, we obtain a correlation between dynamics and selectivity in adsorption of semiconductor nanocrystals onto the pattern by constructing a potential energy landscape. Two consecutive steps for selective adsorption of nanocrystals onto the self-organized pattern have been established: the first one is the molecule exchange of 1-phenyloctane and lipid molecules to form the adsorption sites for nanocrystals, and the second one is the adsorption of nanocrystals onto the adsorption sites due to the strong interaction between nanocrystals and substrate.
Device orientation of a leadless pacemaker and subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in canine and human subjects and the effect on intrabody communication (2018)

Despite the less favourable LP orientation in canine subjects, all communication attempts were successful. In the human subjects, we observed a greater and in theory more favourable LP angle towards the communication vector. These data suggests suitability of human anatomy for conductive intrabody communication.
Pattern recognition via synchronization in phase-locked loop neural networks (2000)

We propose a novel architecture of an oscillatory neural network that consists of phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits. It stores and retrieves complex oscillatory patterns as synchronized states with appropriate phase relations between neurons.
A New Family of Conus Peptides Targeted to the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (1995)

In this work, a new family of Conus peptides, the alpha A-conotoxins, which target the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, is defined. The first members of this family have been characterized from the eastern Pacific species, Conus purpurascens (the purple cone); three peptides that cause paralysis in fish were purified and characterized from milked venom. The sequence and disulfide bonding pattern of one of these, alpha A-conotoxin PIVA, is as follows: [formula: see text] where O represents trans-4-hydroxyproline. The two other peptides purified from C. purpurascens venom are the under-hydroxylated derivatives, [Pro13]alpha A-conotoxin PIVA and [Pro7,13]alpha A-conotoxin PIVA. The peptides have been chemically synthesized in a biologically active form. Both electrophysiological experiments and competition binding with alpha-bungarotoxin demonstrate that alpha A-PIVA acts as an antagonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at the postsynaptic membrane.