gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 160 ns 54 bit CMOS division implementation using self-timing and symmetrically overlapped SRT stages (2002)

A full-custom VLSI chip demonstrates an arithmetic implementation for computing the mantissa of a 54-b (floating-point double-precision) division operation in 45 ns to 160 ns, depending on the data. The design uses self-timing to avoid the need to partition logic into clock cycles and the need for high-speed clocks. Self-timing allows the circuits to iterate with no overhead over the pure combinational logic delays. It also allows a greater-efficiency symmetric overlapped execution of the SRT stages because of dynamic path ordering. The design has several other performance enhancements, and their effects on the performance are discussed. The total effect of all the performance enhancements provides a factor of two increase in performance due to architectural improvements over a straightforward SRT approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A simple method for the assignment of the relative stereochemistry of 2-substituted clavams (1998)

Bentley and Hunt’s empirical rule for the determination of the anti/syn relationship of protons attached to C-2 and C-5 atoms in 2-substituted clavams does not predict the correct stereochemistry in a series of 2-substituted clavams synthesised by us. In this paper we propose a simple method for determination of the relative stereochemistry of 2-substituted clavams based on nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments and assignment of the diastereotopicity of protons attached to the C-3 atom. Circular dichroism (CD) measurements and X-ray crystallography provide stereochemical and spectral assignments.
A mass spectrometry based functional assay for the quantitative assessment of ABC transporter activity (2009)

ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters are highly expressed in pharmacological barriers limiting the access of drugs to their targets. Since characterization of a compound as a transporter substrate or inhibitor bears significant consequences in drug development, there is a great need for reliable tools that enable the rapid analysis of the transport susceptibility of drugs. Here we describe a simple but very efficient high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) assay for measuring the ABC transporter-dependent vesicular transport of compounds. In addition, we provide evidence that the requirement for sample preparation can be minimized using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)-MS, paving the way for a direct, high-throughput investigation of drug-transporter interactions.
Immunologic effects of whole-body ultraviolet irradiation: selective defect in splenic adherent cell function in vitro. (1980)

Splenocytes from mice receiving whole-body UV irradiation do not make a normal primary in vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to the soluble T-dependent antigen trinitrophenylated poly(L-glutamic acid60L-alanine30L-tyrosine10). This impaired immune response results from a selective loss of antigen-presenting cell function in the splenic adherent cell (SAC) population of the UV-treated mice. SACs from UV-irradiated mice are unable to reconstitute a PFC response when added to normal splenocytes passed through Sephadex G-10 (which depletes adherent cells), whereas normal SACs, when added to Sephadex G-10-passed splenocytes from UV-treated mice, do restore a PFC response. The effect of in vivo UV irradiation on the SAC population is indistinguishable functionally from the effect of in vitro UV irradiation of SACs from normal mice. Possible explanations for this selective effect of external UV irradiation on SAC function are discussed.
Oxygen chemisorption and laser Raman spectroscopy of unsupported and silica-supported vanadium oxide catalysts (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxygen chemisorption and laser Raman spectroscopy of unsupported and silica-supported vanadium oxide catalystsS. Ted Oyama, Gregory T. Went, Kenneth B. Lewis, Alexis T. Bell, and Gabor A. SomorjaiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 18, 6786–6790Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100355a041https://doi.org/10.1021/j100355a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views958Altmetric-Citations189LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Pt(pop-BF2) as a photosensitizer in photocatalytic carbon-chlorine bond formation (2013)

Palladium complexes perform regioselective C-H functionalizations, which are essential for many syntheses. We are interested in&#13;\nhalogenation of C-H bonds using [(benzo[h]quinoline)PdII(μ-OAc)]2 catalysts. Bulk electrolysis expts. show that we can&#13;\nchlorinate C-H bonds using chloride and Pd catalysts, eliminating the need for harsh chlorinating agents. To improve the speed&#13;\nand energetic cost of C-H transformations we are exploring reactions with photooxidants. Electronically excited fluoroborated&#13;\ntetrakis(μ-pyrophosphito)diplatinate(II) (Pt(pop-BF2)) undergoes facile electron transfer reactions. Electrochem. (E°(PtII-PtII/PtIPtII)&#13;\n= 1.3 V vs. SCE in MeCN) and fluorescence data were used to calc. E°(*PtII-PtII/PtII-PtI) = 1.4 V vs. SCE, suggesting that&#13;\nelectronically excited Pt(pop-BF2) can oxidize Pd catalysts. Absorbance spectra of the transiently reduced Pt complexes were&#13;\nrecorded. Time-resolved laser expts. in the presence of Pd catalyst suggest that *Pt(pop-BF2) generates catalytically active Pd&#13;\nintermediates, making it a viable sensitizer for photocatalyic C-H functionalizations.
Electroluminescence from silicon nanoparticles fabricated from the gas phase (2010)

Electroluminescence from as-prepared silicon nanoparticles, fabricated by gas phase synthesis, is demonstrated. The particles are embedded between an n-doped GaAs substrate and a semitransparent indium tin oxide top electrode. The total electroluminescence intensity of the Si nanoparticles is more than a factor of three higher than the corresponding signal from the epitaxial III-V semiconductor. This, together with the low threshold voltage for electroluminescence, shows the good optical properties of these untreated particles and the efficient electrical injection into the device. Impact ionization by electrons emitted from the top electrode is identified as the origin of the electrically driven light emission.
Hardware/software specialization through aspects: The LARA approach (2012)

LARA is a programming language being developed to complement application code in a host programming language with instrumentation code, for monitoring, logging, and debugging, user's knowledge about specific characteristics of the application, non-functional requirements, and compiler, mapping and synthesis strategies to guide/control design-flows, especially the ones used to map computations to FPGA-based systems. This paper shows how the aspect-oriented approach provided by LARA allows developers to specify complementary program information that can be used by LARA aware design-flows to promote customized FPGA-based software/hardware implementations. Program and compiler/mapping specialization take advantage of specific properties of applications to optimize and customize specific application modules and software/hardware implementations, e.g., according to usage contexts. We illustrate the concept using a hotspot function from a real-life, industrial, application. The results show the importance of program specialization in deriving hardware/software implementations with higher-performance.
Chip-Scale Broadband Optical Isolation via Bragg Scattering Four-Wave Mixing (2013)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. Saha, Y. Okawachi, O. Kuzucu, M. Menard, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, "Chip-Scale Broadband Optical Isolation via Bragg Scattering Four-Wave Mixing," in CLEO: 2013, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2013), paper QF1D.2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Appropriate microplanning choices for low-skilled readers (2005)

We have developed a set of microplanning choice rules which are intended to enable Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems to generate appropriate texts for readers with below-average literacy, focusing in particular on choices related to how discourse structure is expressed (cue phrases, ordering, sentence structure). Evaluation experiments suggest that our rules do enhance the readability of texts for low-skilled readers, although there is still room for improvement.
Practical considerations and nuances in anesthesia for patients undergoing deep brain stimulation implantation surgery (2015)

The field of functional neurosurgery has expanded in last decade to include newer indications, new devices, and new methods. This advancement has challenged anesthesia providers to adapt to these new requirements. This review aims to discuss the nuances and practical issues that are faced while administering anesthesia for deep brain stimulation surgery.
Gymnothorax baranesi, a new moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Red Sea (2008)

Gymnothorax baranesi n. sp. is described from three specimens collected in moderately deep water in the Gulf of Aquaba, Red Sea, Israel. It is characterized by irregular, pale, rosette-like spots on a dark background. The snout is somewhat slender. The intermaxillary teeth are arranged in one peripheral and one median row. The maxillary teeth are arranged in 1–2 rows, the inner row, when present, consists of only two depressible teeth. The new species is compared to other pale-spotted species in the Indian Ocean.
A Phase 0 Trial of Riluzole in Patients with Resectable Stage III and IV Melanoma (2009)

Our data show that glutamate blockade with riluzole can inhibit signaling through the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathways and suppress the metabolic activity of melanoma. The ectopic expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors may be important in the pathogenesis of human melanoma, and targeting this pathway may be an effective therapy.
Multi-layer Disturbance Processing System based on Multiple Information Sources (2007)

More and more IEDs have been commissioned in power systems, such as digital relays, PMUs, metering and control devices, fault recorders and so on. Once there is a disturbance (for example, fault, low-frequency oscillation, etc.), large amount of information will pour into the control center. Therefore, how to identify the disturbance and then take corresponding countermeasures is crucial for power system security and reliability. A multi-layer disturbance processing system based on multiple information sources is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the characteristics of different kinds of information sources, including PMUs, RTUs, digital relays and fault recorders, are analyzed. Secondly, according to the arrival times of the information, the framework and functions of multi-layer fault diagnosis system is presented in detail. After a disturbance occurs, the suggested system could realize disturbance identification, fault element diagnosis and detailed post-fault analysis in succession at different time frames with the information coming, which fits the needs of operators well.
Challenges in PII data protection (2012)

Personal data has become the prime target of hackers and cyber-criminals. Dubbed ‘PII’ (most commonly taken to mean Personally Identifiable Information, although definitions vary, as we'll see) it can be exploited in many ways, from identity theft, spamming and phishing right through to cyber-espionage. Yet something as simple as a customer database has proven surprisingly difficult to protect. Why is this? And what can be done about it? Personally Identifiable Information (PII) data has become the prime target of hackers and cyber-criminals. It can be exploited in many ways, from identity theft, spamming and phishing right through to cyber-espionage. Yet something as simple as a customer database has proven surprisingly difficult to protect. Why is this? And what can be done about it? Yigal Rozenberg of Protegrity looks at the roles that technologies such as hashing, masking, encryption and tokenisation can play – and their weaknesses.
Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Disease in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients (2012)

The present study shows that the plasma levels of CXCL16, PTX3 and vWF at the start of treatment are independently associated with virologic and clinical treatment failure during anti-CMV therapy in solid organ transplant recipients. These findings suggest a link between CMV infection and inflammation that also may influence the outcome of anti-CMV therapy.
Applications of crystalline Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide technology to LSI: Memory, processor, image sensor, and field programmable gate array (2013)

Crystalline In-Ga-Zn Oxide (IGZO) including c-axis aligned crystal (CAAC) enables FETs to show high reliability and extremely low off-state current. CAAC-IGZO technology is expected to grow to main technology of next-generation displays and is already contributing to mass-production of liquid crystal displays. In this paper by focusing on a very important feature of CAAC-IGZO FET, extremely low off-state current, its pioneering various applications to LSI are reviewed and discussed. In particular, a success in development of a hybrid process of CMOS FETs and CAAC-IGZO FETs promotes our developments of novel memories, processors, image sensors, and recently, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA).
Mesh Smoothing Algorithm Applied to a Finite Element Model of the Brain for Improved Brain-Skull Interface. (2015)

The brain-skull interface plays an important role in the strain and pressure response of the brain due to impact. In this study, a finite element (FE) model was developed from a brain atlas, representing an adult brain, by converting each 1mm isotropic voxel into a single element of the same size using a custom code developed in MATLAB. This model includes the brain (combined cerebrum and cerebellum), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), ventricles, and a rigid skull. A voxel-based approach to develop a FE model causes the outer surface of each part to be stair-stepped, which may affect the stress and strain measurements at interfaces between parts. To improve the interaction between the skull, CSF, and brain surfaces, a previously developed mesh smoothing algorithm based on a Laplacian non-shrinking smoothing algorithm was applied to the FE model. This algorithm not only applies smoothing to the surface of the model, but also to the interfaces between the brain, CSF, and skull, while preserving volume and element quality. Warpage, jacobian, aspect ratio, and skew were evaluated and reveal that >99% of the elements retain good element quality. Future work includes implementation of contact definitions to accurately represent the brain-skull interface and to ultimately better understand and predict head injury.
The influence of large cations on the electrochemical properties of tunnel-structured metal oxides (2016)

Metal oxides with a tunnelled structure are attractive as charge storage materials for rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors, since the tunnels enable fast reversible insertion/extraction of charge carriers (for example, lithium ions). Common synthesis methods can introduce large cations such as potassium, barium and ammonium ions into the tunnels, but how these cations affect charge storage performance is not fully understood. Here, we report the role of tunnel cations in governing the electrochemical properties of electrode materials by focusing on potassium ions in α-MnO<sub>2</sub>. We show that the presence of cations inside 2 × 2 tunnels of manganese dioxide increases the electronic conductivity, and improves lithium ion diffusivity. In addition, transmission electron microscopy analysis indicates that the tunnels remain intact whether cations are present in the tunnels or not. Our systematic study shows that cation addition to α-MnO<sub>2</sub> has a strong beneficial effect on the electrochemical performance of this material.
Photonic Molecular Processors (2006)

In this study, the impact of gaseous molecules on the line spread function (LSF) and temporal response of optical signals at incremental gas pressures, up to 75 psi, has been explored. This is aimed at enhancing the focusing and pulse-shaping characteristics of the light beam. The experimental results indicate clearly an enhancement of the light beam signal characteristics with increasing gas pressure
Study of the Positronium Peak in the Angular Correlation Curve of NaF Crystal (1980)

Positron annihilation 2γ angular correlation curve of NaF has been measured at temperatures ranging from 4.5 K to 300 K. The temperature dependence of the narrow peaks originating from the self-annihilation of singlet positronium (Ps) is analysed. In the lower temperature region, the peak width increases in a rate that shows the Ps is in free state with the effective mass 1.5±0.2 times heavier than the bare mass. At temperatures higher than 150 K, tlae peak width increases more rapidly than in the lower termperature region, which indicates that a number of the Ps are trapped in some localized state.
The Use of Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Headaches (2004)

Migraine is a disabling condition which affects 28 million Americans. Over 10 million Americans suffer from daily headaches. The discovery of triptans has revolutionized abortive therapy of migraines. However, patients suffering from frequent attacks and those who do not respond or do not tolerate triptans require prophylactic therapy. Many non-pharmacological treatments, such as biofeedback, magnesium and CoQ10 can be effective for some patients. Prophylactic pharmacotherapy of migraine headaches is limited in its efficacy and has a potential for systemic side effects. The use of botulinum toxin for movement disorders and cosmesis led to an accidental discovery of its beneficial effect on headaches. Extensive anecdotal evidence accumulated over the past seven years and controlled trials suggest that intermittent and chronic migraines as well as chronic tension-type headaches may respond to botulinum toxin injections. The effect of a single treatment, which is technically simple to administer, usually lasts three months. Botulinum toxin does not cause systemic or any other serious side effects. Many patients prefer botulinum toxin injections over prophylactic drugs because of its apparently high efficacy and remarkable safety. Several large controlled trials currently underway should lead to a wider acceptance of this treatment by neurologists and pain specialists.
Co-Design of Binary Processing in Memory ReRAM Array and DNN Model Optimization Algorithm (2020)

In recent years, deep neural network (DNN) has achieved considerable results on many artificial intelligence tasks, e.g. natural language processing. However, the computation complexity of DNN is extremely high. Furthermore, the performance of traditional von Neumann computing architecture has been slowing down due to the memory wall problem. Processing in memory (PIM), which places computation within memory and reduces the data movement, breaks the memory wall. ReRAM PIM is thought to be a available architecture for DNN accelerators. In this work, a novel design of ReRAM neuromorphic system is proposed to process DNN fully in array efficiently. The binary ReRAM array is composed of 2T2R storage cells and current mirror sense amplifiers. A dummy BL reference scheme is proposed for reference voltage generation. A binary DNN (BDNN) model is then constructed and optimized on MNIST dataset. The model reaches a validation accuracy of 96.33% and is deployed to the ReRAM PIM system. Co-design model optimization method between hardware device and software algorithm is proposed with the idea of utilizing hardware variance information as uncertainness in optimization procedure. This method is analyzed to achieve feasible hardware design and generalizable model. Deployed with such co-design model, ReRAM array processes DNN with high robustness against fabrication fluctuation.
Importance of Parenchymal: Stromal Cell Ratio for the Ex Vivo Reconstitution of Human Hematopoiesis (1997)

Many new developments in tissue engineering rely on the culture of primary tissues which is composed of parenchymal and mesenchymal (stromal) cell populations. Because stroma regulates parenchymal function, the parenchymal:stromal cell (P:S) ratio will likely influence culture behavior. To investigate parenchymal-stromal cell interactions, the P:S ratio was systematically varied in a human bone marrow (BM) culture system, measuring the output of mature cells, immature progenitors (colony forming units-granulocyte/macrophage [CFU-GM]), and primitive stem cells (long-term culture-initiating cells [LTC-IC]). When parenchymal CD34-enriched cells were grown without stroma, cell and CFU-GM output increased linearly as inoculum density was increased, resulting in constant cell and CFU-GM expansion ratios. On irradiated preformed stroma (IPFS), culture output was significantly higher and less dependent on CD34-enriched cell inoculum density, resulting in greater expansion ratios at lower inoculum densities. The number of IPFS cells required to support CD34-enriched cells was independent of the CD34-enriched cell number, suggesting that IPFS did not provide discrete niches, but instead acted through soluble signals. Experiments using conditioned medium (CM) from IPFS confirmed the presence of soluble signals, but CM did not completely substitute for direct contact between CD34-enriched cells and IPFS. Because of known differences between IPFS and stroma growing within BM mononuclear cell (MNC) cultures, experiments were next performed using mixtures of CD34-enriched and CD34-depleted fractions of MNC. When inoculated with a fixed CD34+lin- cell number, culture output was optimal near the P:S ratio of the unmanipulated MNC sample and declined as CD34- cell number was increased or decreased. In cultures inoculated with a fixed total cell number, CFU-GM output increased as CD34+lin- cell number was increased, whereas LTC-IC output reached a plateau. These data suggest that a limited number of LTC-IC supportive niches were present in MNC stroma, whereas IPFS lacks these niches and acts predominantly through a less potent soluble mechanism. These studies underscore the importance of parenchymal-stromal cell interactions in the ex vivo reconstitution of tissue function and offer insight into the nature of these interactions in the human BM culture system.