gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Crown Ether Derivatives of Tetrathiafulvalene. Part 1. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Detection of the magnetization reversal of individual interacting single-domain particles within Co-Cr columnar thin-films (1988)

The fundamental Barkhausen noise generated by the magnetization reversal of individual particles within a particulate magnetic medium has been observed using the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) as a sensitive magnetization probe. This is the first time the reversal of individual interacting single or nearly single domain particles has been detected. The jumps correspond to magnetic switching volumes of approximately 3*10/sup -15/ cm/sup 3/ with moments around 10/sup -12/ emu. The magnetization in a Co-Cr thin film, a columnar perpendicular magnetic recording medium, is determined by passing a current through the film and measuring the AHE voltage induced within the sample itself. Hall samples as small as 0.6 mu and containing only a few hundred columns have been made via microlithography. For these samples, the voltage change due to the reversal of a single column can be readily detected with a system sensitivity of 4*10/sup -14/ emu. The spatial dependence of the measurement response over the surface of the Hall geometry has been determined by both calculation and experiment, so that the magnitude of magnetization changes detected by jumps in the AHE voltage can be adjusted for geometric effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Accurate Determination of the Limiting Anisotropy of Rhodamine 101. Implications for Its Use as a Fluorescence Polarization Standard (2008)

The S1-S0 limiting anisotropy of a widely used fluorophore, rhodamine 101, is determined with unprecedented accuracy. From time-resolved and steady-state fluorescence measurements in several solvents, it is shown that the limiting anisotropy of rhodamine 101 is for all practical purposes equal to the theoretical one-photon fundamental anisotropy value of 2/5, both in rigid and in fluid media. This fact, along with the favorable chemical and photophysical properties of rhodamine 101, point to its use as a standard for fluorescence polarization measurements. It is also shown that if the excitation pulse can be considered a delta impulse with respect to the time scale of the anisotropy decay (but not necessarily to the time scale of the intensity decay), then no deconvolution procedure is needed for anisotropy decay analysis.
Extraction and Estimation of Pinned Photodiode Capacitance in CMOS Image Sensors (2014)

The pinned photodiode capacitance extraction method proposed by Goiffon et al. is discussed, and two additional new methods are presented and analyzed; one based on the full well dependence on photon flux and the other based on the full well dependence on transfer-gate off-voltage.
Elements Responsible for Hormonal Control and Tissue Specificity of L-Type Pyruvate Kinase Gene Expression in Transgenic Mice (1992)

L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) is a key enzyme of the glycolytic pathway specifically expressed in the liver and, to a lesser degree, in the small intestine and kidney. One important characteristic of L-PK gene expression is its strong activation by glucose and insulin and its complete inhibition by fasting or glucagon treatment. Having previously established that the entire rat L-PK gene plus 3.2 kbp of 5'-flanking region functions in mice in a tissue-specific and hormonally regulated manner, various deletions of these 3.2 kbp of 5'-flanking regions were tested in transgenic animals to map the cis-acting elements involved in transcriptional gene regulation. Our experiments indicate that the proximal region between -183 and +11 confers tissue specificity and contains all the information necessary for dietary and hormonal control of L-PK gene expression in vivo. We found, however, that the transcriptional activity generated by this proximal promoter fragment can be modulated by distal sequences in a tissue-specific manner. (i) Sequences between bp -183 and -392 seem to play a dual role in the liver and small intestine; they induce L-PK expression in the liver but repress it in the small intestine. (ii) Sequences from bp -392 up to -1170 do not seem to have any additional effect on promoter activity. (iii) Between bp -1170 and -2080, we found a putative extinguisher whose transcriptional inhibitory effect is much more marked in the small intestine than in the liver. (iv) Finally, between bp -2080 and -3200, we identified an activating sequence required for full expression of the gene in the liver.
Coughing and Masks (2009)

It has been assumed that wearing a mask limits transmission of infectious agents during coughing. Schlieren optics demonstrate that both standard and N95 surgical masks help to halt the forward momentum of the cough plume.
Combatting nonidentifiability to infer motor cortex inputs yields similar encoding of initial and corrective movements (2021)

Primary motor cortex (M1) plays a central role in voluntary movement, but how it integrates sensory-driven corrective instructions is unclear. We analyzed population activity recorded from M1 of macaques during a sequential arm movement task with target updates requiring online adjustments to the motor plan. Using Latent Factor Analysis via Dynamical Systems (LFADS), we separated neural activity into two components: intrinsic dynamics and inferred external inputs influencing those dynamics. Inferred input timing was more strongly locked to target appearance than to movement onset, suggesting that variable reaction times reflect interactions between inputs and ongoing dynamics. Inferred inputs were tuned similarly for both initial and corrective movements, suggesting a shared input encoding across visually-instructed and corrective movements that was previously obscured by M1 dynamics. Because input inference can suffer from the challenge of nonidentifiability, where different models fit the data indistinguishably, we used ensembles of models with varied hyperparameters to diagnose when inputs are identifiable or nonidentifiable. In the monkey data, ensembles produced consistently similar results, suggesting that inputs could be meaningfully inferred and that their encoding was not simply a result of model bias. These results highlight the challenges of nonidentifiability and the potential of model ensembles to identify inputs in ongoing dynamics, at least in some cases.
High‐Sensitivity Acoustic Molecular Sensors Based on Large‐Area, Spray‐Coated 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks (2020)

2D covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are a unique materials platform that combines covalent connectivity, structural regularity, and molecularly precise porosity. However, 2D COFs typically form insoluble aggregates, thus limiting their processing via additive manufacturing techniques. In this work, colloidal suspensions of boronate-ester-linked 2D COFs are used as a spray-coating ink to produce large-area 2D COF thin films. This method is synthetically general, with five different 2D COFs prepared as colloidal inks and subsequently spray-coated onto a diverse range of substrates. Moreover, this approach enables the deposition of multiple 2D COF materials simultaneously, which is not possible by polymerizing COFs on substrates directly. When combined with stencil masks, spray-coated 2D COFs are rapidly deposited as thin films larger than 200 cm<sup>2</sup> with line resolutions below 50 µm. To demonstrate that this deposition scheme preserves the desirable attributes of 2D COFs, spray-coated 2D COF thin films are incorporated as the active material in acoustic sensors. These 2D-COF-based sensors have a 10 ppb limit-of-quantification for trimethylamine, which places them among the most sensitive sensors for meat and seafood spoilage. Overall, this work establishes a scalable additive manufacturing technique that enables the integration of 2D COFs into thin-film device architectures.
An ultra low noise amplifier at X band (2013)

The design and development of a low noise amplifier that exhibits sub dB noise figures at X band, using a commercially available pHEMT process is presented here. Novelties in our design include the use of stabilizing networks that don't employ resistors and the use of transmission line based inductors that provide a higher Q alternative to spirals. These techniques serve to minimize the lowest achievable noise figure while allowing unconditional stability, a pre-requisite in commercial, monolithic LNAs. The designed low noise amplifier works from 9 to 11 GHz with roughly 30 decibels of gain over the band and sub decibel noise figures.
Nickel(0)-catalyzed [3 + 3] cyclodimerization of methylenecyclopropanes (2010)

Treatment of ethyl cyclopropylideneacetate (ECPA) with a catalytic amount of Ni(cod)2 and tricyclohexylphosphine at room temperature underwent dimerization reaction to give a 6-membered ring compound and a 5-membered ring compound in the ratio of 3:7. After extensive optimization, it was found that slow addition of ECPA by syringe drive over 5 h at 60 °C afforded the 6-membered product selectively.
Positron-Annihilation Momentum Profiles in Aluminum: Core Contribution and the Independent-Particle Model (1977)

The momentum profiles from positron annihilation with core electrons in Al have been observed with a recently developed two-detector Doppler-broadening technique. Independent-particle-model (IPM) calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results beyond twice the Fermi momentum and suggest the absence of strong positron-electron correlation effects in this region. Comparisons of calculations with properly normalized momentum profiles indicate that high-momentum core contributions may provide information on the nature of vacancy-type defects and self-trapping effects.
Exon resequencing of H3K9 methyltransferase complex genes, EHMT1, EHTM2 and WIZ, in Japanese autism subjects (2014)

We identified two novel rare missense variants in the EHMT1 and EHMT2 genes of ASD patients. We surmise that these variants alone may not be sufficient to exert a significant effect on ASD pathogenesis. The elevated expression of EHMT2 in the peripheral blood cells may support the notion of a restrictive chromatin state in ASD, similar to schizophrenia.
Thin client architecture in support of remote radiology learning (2009)

We implemented a system for remote radiology learning which provides immediate feedback to the learner. Using a thin remote client, expert readers are asked to answer questions about specified radiological findings. These scans are presented as realtime 2D and 3D presentations which allow the user to freely manipulate them using a thin Java client with all 3D rendering performed on the server side. Answers are stored on the server and are used to provide feedback to learners who are presented with the same questions, using the remote client. Learners can practice on real datasets while receiving immediate feedback on their diagnosis and measurements. Novel concepts introduced are (1) the use of server-side rendering in radiology learning, (2) providing immediate and specific feedback to trainees, (3) the ability to provide useful feedback when a definitive gold standard does not exist and (4) a thin, highly compatible client that runs on common, existing hardware which allows to have more people participating in very complex radiological evaluations, even if there are not at the same site.
Genetic Deletion of Mst1 Alters T Cell Function and Protects against Autoimmunity (2014)

Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (Mst1) is a MAPK kinase kinase kinase which is involved in a wide range of cellular responses, including apoptosis, lymphocyte adhesion and trafficking. The contribution of Mst1 to Ag-specific immune responses and autoimmunity has not been well defined. In this study, we provide evidence for the essential role of Mst1 in T cell differentiation and autoimmunity, using both genetic and pharmacologic approaches. Absence of Mst1 in mice reduced T cell proliferation and IL-2 production in vitro, blocked cell cycle progression, and elevated activation-induced cell death in Th1 cells. Mst1 deficiency led to a CD4+ T cell development path that was biased toward Th2 and immunoregulatory cytokine production with suppressed Th1 responses. In addition, Mst1-/- B cells showed decreased stimulation to B cell mitogens in vitro and deficient Ag-specific Ig production in vivo. Consistent with altered lymphocyte function, deletion of Mst1 reduced the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and protected against collagen-induced arthritis development. Mst1-/- CD4+ T cells displayed an intrinsic defect in their ability to respond to encephalitogenic antigens and deletion of Mst1 in the CD4+ T cell compartment was sufficient to alleviate CNS inflammation during EAE. These findings have prompted the discovery of novel compounds that are potent inhibitors of Mst1 and exhibit desirable pharmacokinetic properties. In conclusion, this report implicates Mst1 as a critical regulator of adaptive immune responses, Th1/Th2-dependent cytokine production, and as a potential therapeutic target for immune disorders.
Phase Calibration of Distributed Antenna Arrays (2023)

Antenna arrays can be either reciprocity calibrated (R-calibrated), which facilitates reciprocity-based beamforming, or fully calibrated (F-calibrated), which additionally facilitates transmission and reception in specific physical directions. We first expose, to provide context, the fundamental principles of over-the-air R-and F-calibration of distributed arrays. We then describe a new method for calibration of two arrays that are individually F-calibrated, such that the combined array becomes jointly F-calibrated.
Data from Aquaporin-7 Regulates the Response to Cellular Stress in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The complex yet interrelated connections between cancer metabolism, gene expression, and oncogenic driver genes have the potential to identify novel biomarkers and drug targets with prognostic and therapeutic value. Here we effectively integrated metabolomics and gene expression data from breast cancer mouse models through a novel unbiased correlation-based network analysis. This approach identified 35 metabolite and 34 gene hubs with the most network correlations. These hubs have prognostic value and are likely integral to tumor metabolism and breast cancer. The gene hub Aquaporin-7 (&lt;i&gt;Aqp7&lt;/i&gt;), a water and glycerol channel, was identified as a novel regulator of breast cancer. &lt;i&gt;AQP7&lt;/i&gt; was prognostic of overall survival in patients with breast cancer. In mouse breast cancer models, reduced expression of &lt;i&gt;Aqp7&lt;/i&gt; caused reduced primary tumor burden and lung metastasis. Metabolomics and complex lipid profiling of cells and tumors with reduced &lt;i&gt;Aqp7&lt;/i&gt; revealed significantly altered lipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and urea/arginine metabolism compared with controls. These data identify AQP7 as a critical regulator of metabolic and signaling responses to environmental cellular stresses in breast cancer, highlighting AQP7 as a potential cancer-specific therapeutic vulnerability.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Aquaporin-7 is identified as a critical regulator of nutrient availability and signaling that responds to cellular stresses, making it an attractive therapeutic target in breast cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Asymmetric alkylation of remote C(sp3)–H bonds by combining proton-coupled electron transfer with chiral Lewis acid catalysis (2017)

The catalytic asymmetric alkylation of the remote, unactivated δ-position of N-alkyl amides was enabled by the combination of visible-light-induced proton-coupled electron transfer, 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer, and chiral Lewis acid catalysis in up to 82% yield and up to 97% ee.
Nanocrystal solar cells processed from solution (2023)

A photovoltaic device having a first electrode layer, a high resistivity transparent film disposed on the first electrode, a second electrode layer, and an inorganic photoactive layer disposed between the first and second electrode layers, wherein the inorganic photoactive layer is disposed in at least partial electrical contact with the high resistivity transparent film, and in at least partial electrical contact with the second electrode. The photoactive layer has a first inorganic material and a second inorganic material different from the first inorganic material, wherein the first and second inorganic materials exhibit a type II band offset energy profile, and wherein the photoactive layer has a first population of nanostructures of a first inorganic material and a second population of nanostructures of a second inorganic material.
Decentralized Quantized Kalman Filtering With Scalable Communication Cost (2008)

Estimation and tracking of generally nonstationary Markov processes is of paramount importance for applications such as localization and navigation. In this context, ad hoc wireless sensor networks (WSNs) offer decentralized Kalman filtering (KF) based algorithms with documented merits over centralized alternatives. Adhering to the limited power and bandwidth resources WSNs must operate with, this paper introduces two novel decentralized KF estimators based on quantized measurement innovations. In the first quantization approach, the region of an observation is partitioned into N contiguous, nonoverlapping intervals where each partition is binary encoded using a block of m bits. Analysis and Monte Carlo simulations reveal that with minimal communication overhead, the mean-square error (MSE) of a novel decentralized KF tracker based on 2-3 bits comes stunningly close to that of the clairvoyant KF. In the second quantization approach, if intersensor communications can afford m bits at time n, then the ith bit is iteratively formed using the sign of the difference between the nth observation and its estimate based on past observations (up to time n-1) along with previous bits (up to i-1) of the current observation. Analysis and simulations show that KF-like tracking based on m bits of iteratively quantized innovations communicated among sensors exhibits MSE performance identical to a KF based on analog-amplitude observations applied to an observation model with noise variance increased by a factor of [1-(1-2/pi)m]-1.
A subset of γδ T‐cell receptor‐positive cells produce T‐helper type‐2 cytokines and regulate mouse skin graft rejection following portal venous pretransplant preimmunization (1996)

C3H/HeJ mice received B10.BR skin grafts following portal or lateral tail vein infusion of irradiated B10.BR spleen cells. Thereafter mice were injected with anti-alpha beta or anti-gamma delta T-cell receptor (TCR) monoclonal antibody (mAb). Anti-gamma delta TCR mAb abolished the increased graft survival afforded by portal venous (p.v.) immunization, and reversed the bias towards expression of mRNA for type-2 cytokines [interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10] seen in lymphoid tissue of p.v.-immunized mice. When gamma delta TCR+ and alpha beta TCR+ cells were isolated from the intestinal epithelial compartment (IEL), liver or Peyer's Patch (PP) of p.v.-immunized mice, the gamma delta TCR+ cells were found to be enriched in cells producing type-2 cytokines on rechallenge with irradiated B10.BR cells in vitro. gamma delta TCR+ cells from p.v.-immunized mice were further expanded in vitro with anti-CD3 and cytokines (combined IL-2 and IL-4). Following expansion these cells were capable of adoptively transferring increased B10.BR skin graft survival to naive mice, and continued to show a bias in type-2 cytokine synthesis after allostimulation in vitro. When gamma delta TCR chain expression was assessed in cells taken from p.v.-immunized mice, or in cells expanded in culture, our data suggest that p.v. immunization leads to oligoclonal, not polyclonal, expansion of those gamma delta TCR+ cells involved in inhibition of graft rejection.
Interferon-gamma receptor-deficiency renders mice highly susceptible to toxoplasmosis by decreased macrophage activation. (1996)

Toxoplasma gondii may cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients including fetuses and those with AIDS. Among the factors mediating protection against T. gondii, IFN-gamma has gained special attention. To analyze the role of IFN-gamma in the early phase of toxoplasmosis, IFN-gamma receptor-deficient (IFN-gamma R0/0) mice were orally infected with low-virulent toxoplasms. IFN-gamma R0/0 mice died of the disease up to day 10 postinfection, whereas immunocompetent wild-type (WT) mice developed a chronic toxoplasmosis. Histopathology revealed that in IFN-gamma R0/0 mice, the parasite multiplied unrestrictedly in the small intestine, the intestinal lymphatic tissue, the liver, and the spleen. Ultimately, animals died of a necrotizing hepatitis. In WT mice, the same organs were effected, but multiplication of the parasite was effectively limited. Compared with WT mice, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry demonstrated that in IFN-gamma R0/0 mice, macrophages were only marginally activated in response to the infection, as evidenced by a reduced expression of major histocompatability complex class II antigens. In addition, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR showed a reduced production of the macrophage-derived cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and IL-1 beta in the liver of IFN-gamma R0/0 mice. In contrast, activation of T cells, recruitment of immune cells to inflammatory foci, and anti-T. gondii IgM antibody production were unaffected by the mutation of the IFN-gamma R. Moreover, induction of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 mRNA transcripts in the liver was normal in IFN-gamma R0/0 mice. Adoptive transfer experiments revealed that the immune T cells of WT animals did not protect IFN-gamma R0/0 mice from lethal infection with highly virulent toxoplasms, whereas WT mice were significantly protected by the adoptive transfer. Based on these studies, we conclude that IFN-gamma is absolutely required for an efficient activation of macrophages. Macrophages are of critical importance in toxoplasmosis, and insufficient macrophage activation cannot be compensated by other immune mechanisms.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Stability of Sodium Intercalated Phases in Olivine FePO4. (2010)

Abstract Two new Na x FePO 4 (x = 0.7, 1) phases with olivine‐based structures are electrochemically synthesized using a mixture of FePO 4 and carbon black as positive electrode, Na as negative electrode, and NaClO 4 solution as electrolyte.
Epidemiological Study to Assess the Prevalence of Lung Cancer in patients with smoking-associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: PREVALUNG study protocol (2022)

NCT03976804.
Erratum: X-ray grazing incidence diffraction from alkylsiloxane monolayers on silicon wafers [J. Chem. Phys. 95, 2854 (1991)] (1993)

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