gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Deoxyribonuclease Induced after Infection of Escherichia coli by Bacteriophage T5 (1971)

Abstract The major deoxyribonuclease induced by bacteriophage T5, as previously studied (Paul, A. V., and Lehman, I. R., J. Biol. Chem., 241, 3441 (1966)), has been purified 400-fold and has been shown to initiate hydrolysis specifically at the 5'-ends of either single or double stranded DNA. The products of hydrolysis are nucleoside 5'-monophosphates and acid-soluble 5'-phosphoryl-terminated oligonucleotides of varying lengths. The average length of the oligonucleotides is 3 residues. The purified exonuclease preparation is free from significant levels of endonuclease activity as measured on circular DNA substrates. The oligonucleotide products can therefore not be accounted for by endonucleolytic hydrolysis. The purified enzyme, in contrast to exonucleases like Escherichia coli exonuclease III, can degrade ultraviolet-irradiated DNA.
Formation of voids in Ti-salicided BF2+-doped submicron polysilicon lines (2000)

The physical characteristics and distribution of voids in TiSi2/p+-Si system as a function of polycrystalline silicon (polySi) linewidths were investigated in detail using scanning electron microscopy, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, and the focused ion beam technique. Surface and subsurface voids were found in Ti-salicided BF2+-implanted polycrystalline silicon (polySi) lines that were annealed at temperatures ranging from 650 to 850 °C. Most of the subsurface voids were found in the TiSi2 film as well as at the TiSi2/polySi interface. The void density, shape irregularity, and void size increase with decreasing polySi linewidth, especially when it is smaller than 0.24 μm, indicating that stress associated with narrow polySi lines may play an important role in the voiding phenomenon. It was also shown that the TiN film overlying the TiSi2 film and the etch-back process could not be responsible for the void formation process. Instead the absence of voids in B+-implanted polySi and the segregation of fluorine into the TiSi2/polySi and TiN/TiSi2 interfaces from BF2+-implanted polySi after the first salicidation rapid thermal annealing suggest a fluorine-assisted voiding mechanism.
Magnetic susceptibility measurements using a laser pendulum apparatus (1988)

The purpose of this article is to describe an experiment that measures the magnetic susceptibility of a powdered crystalline sample using a simple-to-construct laser-pendulum apparatus in which the sample, suspended by a thread from a pivot, swings back and forth between the poles of permanent magnet.
Pore size distributions in low‐k dielectric thin films from X‐ray porosimetry (2002)

Abstract X‐ray reflectivity has been used to determine the mass uptake of probe molecules in porous thin films supported on thick silicon wafers. The adsorption occurs by capillary condensation when the films are exposed to probe vapor at controlled partial vapor pressures. The probe solvent partial pressure was varied by mixing saturated air and dry air at constant temperature or by changing sample temperature at a constant vapor concentration. Pore size distribution in the films can be calculated from the probe uptake with typical porosimetric approaches such as the application of the Kelvin equation to convert partial pressure into pore size. For illustration, the pore size distribution of three different nanoporous thin films, the primary candidate of ultra‐low‐ k interlevel dielectrics in the next generation of integrated circuit chips, was determined with this technique. These samples represent different generations of low‐ k dielectrics developed by industry. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2170–2177, 2002
Association of Low-Grade Glioma Diagnosis and Management Approach with Mental Health Disorders: A MarketScan Analysis 2005–2014 (2022)

Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) comprise 13-16% of glial tumors. As survival for LGG patients has been gradually improving, it is essential that the effects of diagnosis and disease progression on mental health be considered. This retrospective cohort study queried the IBM Watson Health MarketScan<sup>®</sup> Database to describe the incidence and prevalence of mental health disorders (MHDs) among LGG patients and identify associated risk factors. Among the 20,432 LGG patients identified, 12,436 (60.9%) had at least one MHD. Of those who never had a prior MHD, as documented in the claims record, 1915 (16.7%) had their first, newly diagnosed MHD within 12 months after LGG diagnosis. Patients who were female (odds ratio (OR), 1.14, 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.03-1.26), aged 35-44 (OR, 1.20, 95% CI, 1.03-1.39), and experienced glioma-related seizures (OR, 2.19, 95% CI, 1.95-2.47) were significantly associated with MHD incidence. Patients who underwent resection (OR, 2.58, 95% CI, 2.19-3.04) or biopsy (OR, 2.17, 95% CI, 1.68-2.79) were also more likely to develop a MHD compared to patients who did not undergo a first-line surgical treatment. These data support the need for active surveillance, proactive counseling, and management of MHDs in patients with LGG. Impact of surgery on brain networks affecting mood should also be considered.
Isolation and structure elucidation of teleocidin B-1, B-2, B-3, and B-4. (1984)

From the mycelia of Streptomyces mediocidicus four metabolites teleocidin B-1, B-2, B-3 and B-4 were isolated in crystalline states and their structures were determined by comparison with the known des-O-methylolivoretin B, and olivoretin D (teleocidin B of Hirata), and by studying the 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra.
Mouse fibroblasts guide IL-23 induction by Porphyromonas gingivalis-stimulated Dendritic Cells in gingipain-dependent manner (2012)

Aim: In a previous study, we reported that bradykinin release in BALB/c subgingival tissues exposed to P.gingivalis induces IL17-producing and INF-γ producing T cells in gingipain-dependent manner (Monteiro et al., J.Immunol. , 2009). Here, we sought to determine whether (i) bone marrow derived DCs exposed to P.gingivalis (W83) versus gingipain-deficient mutants (KRAB) differentially produce IL-23, i.e., a key Th17-polaring cytokines (ii) gingival fibroblasts (GF) may modulate the response profile of immature DCs (IL-23 and CCR7) in gingipain-dependent manner. Material and Methods: Mouse BMDCs were co-cultured with mouse GFs and stimulated with P. gingivalis LPS (0.1 ug/mL), P. gingivalis (strain W83) or a triple gingipain knockout P. gingivalis (KRAB) for 24 h. Subsequently, the supernatants were collected and IL-23 levels were quantified by ELISA whereas CCR7 expression by CD11c+ DCs was determined by FACS. Results: Our results indicate that bacteria-exposed GF/DCs led to a prounced enhancement of IL-23 responses by the CD11c+ DCs partner, as compared to (i) cultures containing only DCs (ii) GF/DC co-cultures exposed to the KRAB mutant. Furthermore, CCR7 expression, likewise dependent on gingipain, was upregulated independently of co-culturing with GF. Conclusion: Our results suggest that GFs condition the functional responses of immature DCs, shifting P.gingivalis-evoked maturation responses towards the IL-23 innate pathway. Ongoing studies should determine the role of GF versus DCs on the gingipain/bradykinin B2 receptor pathway leading to Th17 polarization in BALB/c mice infected by P.gingivalis.
Field emission characteristics of amorphous carbon and diamond emitters (2002)

Amorphous carbon and diamond coated emitters have been used to examine field emission characteristics. Amorphous carbon is coated by a new process named helical resonator plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. An amorphous carbon emitter with broad disordered graphite peak and small wavenumber of graphite exhibits a better I-V characteristic than that with an intense disordered graphite peak and large wavenumber of graphite. Field emission from diamond coated emitters shows enhancement both in turn-on voltage and total emission current. Diamond coated emitters have a considerable amount of graphite which may allow continuous low field emission. We think that negative electron affinity and graphite inclusions seem to improve the field emission characteristics. However, further work is necessary to exactly clarify the mechanism for low field emission.
Compensation of fibre impairments in digital coherent systems (2008)

Coherent detection combined with digital signal processing (DSP) is a symbiotic relationship. Not only does DSP relax the requirements on the coherent receiver but it permits digital compensation of fibre impairments. We will outline the principles of 40GBit/s and 100GbE digital coherent transmission systems and review the latest research.
Catalytic reactions of the fuel cells Visualized by THz Chemical Microscope (2014)

A terahertz chemical microscope has been developed to visualize the electric potential shift of the catalytic electrodes in fuel cells. The potential shift due to the catalytic reactions of the supplied gases could be visualized.
Thermoresponsive and Photoluminescent Hybrid Silicon Nanoparticles by Surface‐Initiated Group Transfer Polymerization of Diethyl Vinylphosphonate (2014)

We present a method to combine the functional features of poly(diethyl vinylphosphonate) (PDEVP) and photoluminescent silicon nanocrystals. The polymer-particle hybrids were synthesized in three steps through surface-initiated group transfer polymerization using Cp2 YCH2 TMS(thf) as a catalyst. This pathway of particle modification renders the nanoparticle surface stable against oxidation. Although SiNC properties are known to be sensitive toward transition metals, the hybrid particles exhibit red photoluminescence in water. The temperature-dependent coiling of PDEVP results in a change of the hydrodynamic radius of the hybrid particles in water. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of controlled catalytic polymerization reactions on a silicon nanocrystal surface.
Chromatographic Characterization for Quantitative Measurement of Phytoconstituents in Polyherbal Suspension and Evaluation of its Nutritional Efficacy on Malnourished Rats (2022)

The present study demonstrated HPLC method development for quantitative measurement of phytoconstituents present in food-grade polyherbal suspension (PHS) and evaluated its nutritional efficacy in the rat. Procedure: The PHS was prepared by mixing the dried extracts of Nelumbo nucifera (NN) seeds, seeds of Euryale ferox (EF) and fruits of Trapa natans (TN) with other excipients. The PHS was analyzed using the HPLC method for the development and validation of the phytoconstituents present in PHS as compared to standard biomarkers. The nutritional efficacy of PHS was evaluated on malnourished rats by observing body weight, food intake, biochemical and haematological data. Results: Results exhibited that the developed HPLC method was simple, rapid, sensitive and cheap for the determination of phytoconstituents in the PHS. The nutritional composition of NN, EF and TN revealed that protein content was highest in TN (21.30%), NN (14.30%) and EF (13.16%) respectively. PHS restored the haematological data of malnourished rats with values of 7.37 10 3 /L, RBC; 11.75 g/dL, Hb; and 1147 10 3 /L, platelets at 400 mg/kg dose compared to the control group. The result of biochemical data exhibited that cholesterol and triglyceride levels were 36.08 and 60.28 mg/dL, respectively after treatment with PHS (400 mg/kg). PHS also enhanced the bodyweight of animals in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: Thus, PHS may be an alternative nutritional formulation against protein deficiency-induced malnutrition.
Stereochemical studies on protonated bridgehead amines. Proton NMR determination of cis and trans B-C ring-fused structures for salts of hexahydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines and related C ring homologs. Capture of unstable ring-fused structures in the solid state (1989)

Acid-addition salts of tricyclic isoquinolines 2a/b, 3a/b, 4a-4c, 5, 6a/b, 7, 8a/b, 9a/b, and 17a/b were studied by high-field ^1H NMR in CDCl_3 solution. Cis (e.g., 14 and 15 in Figure 1) and trans (e.g., 13)B-C ring-fused structures were identified by using the vicinal ^3J(CH-NH) coupling constants, which demonstrate a Karplus-like behavior. In some cases, we initially observed a trans form, which converted to a cis A form by N H proton exchange. For 4c.HBr, the exchange process was slowed by addition of trifluoroacetic acid. In many cases, cis A and cis B structures were preferred in solution. The pendant phenyl group exerted a strong influence on the preferred solution structure. Observation of the initial, unstable trans-fused structures was related to their capture in the solid state and release intact on dissolution. X-ray diffraction was performed on the HBr salts of 2a (B-C cis), 2b (B-C cis), and 4c (B-C trans). The result for 4c.HBr confirmed the connection between the initial trans form in solution and the solid state. For 17b.HCI two conformers, associated with hindered rotation about the bond connecting the 2,6-disubstituted phenyl group to the tricyclic array, were detected at ambient probe temperature; however, rotamers were not observed for either of the two forms (trans and cis A) of 17a.HBr. Two conformers were also found for 16b.HBr. Temperature-dependent behavior was recorded in the ^1H NMR spectra of 17b.HBr and 16b.HBr; the activation free energy for interconversion of conformers was estimated to be in the vicinity of 17 kcal/mol for the former and 14-15 kcal/mol for the latter. The ^1H NMR spectrum of butaclamol hydrochloride (20.HC1), a potent neuroleptic agent, in Me_2SO-d_6 revealed two species in a ratio of 81:19, which were assigned as trans and cis A forms, respectively. ^1H NMR data for various free bases are also presented and discussed. Empirical force field calculations on three model hydrocarbons are discussed from a perspective of finding an explanation for the configurational/conformational behavior of the bridgehead ammonium salts. Diverse literature examples of structures for protonated bridgehead amines are also discussed. A tentative rationale is suggested for the preference of cis A forms in some protonated tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives.
Photoactivatable Circular Caged Oligonucleotides for Transcriptome In Vivo Analysis (TIVA) (2021)

Light activation is an effective way to impart spatiotemporal control over oligonucleotide probes that are widely applied for gene expression regulation and target function investigation. Among the major oligonucleotide caging strategies, cyclization with a photocleavable linker is an elegant design, which affords both atom efficiency and stability in many biological environments. Here, we introduce an improved protocol for circular oligonucleotide synthesis requiring only one round of HPLC purification. With a series of poly-U oligonucleotide strands of different sizes and backbone modifications, the pre-photolysis caging stability and post-photolysis target binding affinity were studied through a denaturing gel assay and melting temperature measurements. A 14U 2'-OMe RNA probe was selected, with strong potential application in transcriptome <i>in vivo</i> analysis (TIVA) for mRNA isolation.
Polarized Sodium Nuclei Produced by Laser Optical Pumping with Velocity Changing Collisions (1981)

Theoretical and experimental studies of nuclear polarization induced by single-mode---laser optical pumping are reported. The nuclear polarization is shown to depend on the product of laser intensity and buffer-gas pressure. In $^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ it approaches one at modest laser intensities (\ensuremath{\sim}100 mW/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) for pressures as small as a few hundred millitorr.
Progress Towards Using a Calcium Ion Trap to Perform Quantum Logic Operations (2005)

We briefly review the development and theory of an experiment to investigate quantum computation with trapped calcium ions. The ion trap, laser and ion requirements are determined, and the parameters required for simple quantum logic operations are described.
A Novel 10kW 2-U Three-Phase Unity Power Factor Rectifier Module (2001)

In this paper the current stress on the power components a direct three-phase boost-type unity power factor rectifier is analyzed in order to provide a basis for a system design under restriction of the height to 2-U. The conduction losses of the power semiconductors are calculated using analytical approximations of the average and rms values of the component currents; the switching losses are taken from previous experimental investigations. Based on this data an overview of the estimated power losses is given for the rectifier system for 10.5kW/800VDC output and 320V/400V/480V/530V (rms, line-to-line) mains voltage and the corresponding efficiency figures are calculated. Finally, topics of the continuation of the research are identified as, e.g., the realization of a prototype in order to verify the theoretical results experimentally also for unbalanced mains voltage conditions and with non-ideal components such as nonlinear input inductors employing iron powder cores.
Evaluation of Corn Fiber, Cottonseed Hulls, Oat Hulls and Soybean Hulls as Roughage Sources for Ruminants (1987)

An in situ trial (randomized complete block design) using cows, and a site and extent of digestion trial (Latin square design) using sheep were conducted to study the potential of corn fiber (CF), cottonseed hulls (CSH), oat hulls (OH) and soybean hulls (SH) as roughage sources for ruminants. Two feedlot trials with steers and one with lambs (completely randomized design with factorial arrangements of treatments) were conducted to study the potential of CF and SH as energy supplements relative to corn. In situ rate of ruminal dry matter (DM) disappearance (3 to 36 h) and extent of DM disappearance (36 h) indicated that CF and SH were more fermentable in the rumen compared with OH or CSH, with SH being the most fermentable. Total tract digestibilities of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were above 70% for sheep fed CF and SH diets, and were 50% or less for sheep fed OH and CSH diets. A ranking of by-products in terms of nutritive value followed the trend: CF greater than SH greater than OH greater than CSH. Lamb feedlot trial data showed that CF was of similar nutritive value to corn and of higher nutritive value than SH at the 50% level of supplementation. Corn-fed lambs responded better than CF- or SH-fed lambs at the 70% level of supplementation. Data from steer feedlot trials showed that CF was of similar quality to corn and of higher quality than SH. Dramatic differences exist in by-product feed utilization by ruminants. All by-products tested appeared to have some usefulness as dietary components.
Salient Object Detection Based on Direct Density-ratio Estimation (2013)

Detection of salient objects in images has been an active area of research in the computer vision community. However, existing approaches tend to perform poorly in noisy environments because probability density estimation involved in the evaluation of visual saliency is not reliable. Recently, a novel machine learning approach that directly estimates the ratio of probability densities was demonstrated to be a promising alternative to density estimation. In this paper, we propose a salient object detection method based on direct density-ratio estimation, and demonstrate its usefulness in experiments.
Optimizing pipelines for power and performance (2002)

During the concept phase and definition of next generation high-end processors, power and performance will need to be weighted appropriately to deliver competitive cost/performance. It is not enough to adopt a CPI-centric view alone in early-stage definition studies. One of the fundamental issues confronting the architect at this stage is the choice of pipeline depth and target frequency. In this paper we present an optimization methodology that starts with an analytical power-performance model to derive optimal pipeline depth for a superscalar processor. The results are validated and further refined using detailed simulation based analysis. As part of the power-modeling methodology, we have developed equations that model the variation of energy as a function of pipeline depth. Our results using a set of SPEC2000 applications show that when both power and performance are considered for optimization, the optimal clock period is around 18 FO4. We also provide a detailed sensitivity analysis of the optimal pipeline depth against key assumptions of these energy models.
pH‐Triggered Recovery of Organic Polymer Photocatalytic Particles for the Production of High Value Compounds and Enhanced Recyclability (2023)

Pseudo-homogeneous polymeric photocatalysts are an emerging class of highly efficient and tunable photocatalytic materials, where the photocatalytic centers are easily accessible. The creation of highly efficient photocatalytic materials that can be rapidly separated and recovered is one of the critical challenges in photocatalytic chemistry. Here, we describe pH-responsive photocatalytic nanoparticles that are active and well-dispersed under acidic conditions but aggregate instantly upon elevation of pH, enabling easy recovery. These responsive photocatalytic polymers can be used in various photocatalytic transformations, including Cr<sup>VI</sup> reduction and photoredox alkylation of indole derivative. Notably, the cationic nature of the photocatalyst accelerates reaction rate of an anionic substrate compared to uncharged species. These photocatalytic particles could be readily recycled allowing multiple successive photocatalytic reactions with no clear loss in activity.
Locally adaptive multiscale contrast optimization (2005)

We describe a method for automatically and adaptively boosting the visibility of local features in an image. A log intensity image is first decomposed into a set of subbands at multiple scales and orientations. Operating successively from coarse frequency bands to fine, the coefficients of each subband are adjusted so as to move their locally averaged amplitudes toward a target value using a gamma operation. Target values are chosen to fall linearly over scale, consistent with a scale-invariant spectral model. To avoid enlarging the range of image intensity values, in those locations where the local mean is near the minimal or maximal values of the image and the local contrast is being boosted significantly, the local mean is moved toward the global mean. Finally, a spatial mask is applied in the pixel domain to ensure that the enhancements are applied only in the vicinity of image features. The resulting image appears to be both sharper and of higher contrast.
Development Of A Bright, Stable, Multicolor, Ac-Gas Discharge Display (1986)

The successful development of a high luminosity, multicolor, AC-plasma display panel is reported. Area luminance values for both yellow and green are in excess of 200 fL. The brightness for red and blue is also excellent. The radiant efficiency of the color AC-plasma panel is at least twice that of neon AC-plasma displays; in addition, very little phosphor degradation or cell crosstalk is evident.
Supplementary Table S3 from High-Order Drug Combinations Are Required to Effectively Kill Colorectal Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Selective single agents and combinations.&lt;/p&gt;