gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Niche inheritance: a cooperative pathway to enhance cancer cell fitness though ecosystem engineering (2014)

Cancer cells can be described as an invasive species that is able to establish itself in a new environment. The concept of niche construction can be utilized to describe the process by which cancer cells terraform their environment, thereby engineering an ecosystem that promotes the genetic fitness of the species. Ecological dispersion theory can then be utilized to describe and model the steps and barriers involved in a successful diaspora as the cancer cells leave the original host organ and migrate to new host organs to successfully establish a new metastatic community. These ecological concepts can be further utilized to define new diagnostic and therapeutic areas for lethal cancers.
Disruption of vagal efferent axon and nerve terminal function in the postischemic myocardium (2002)

Despite the importance of vagal control over the ventricle, little is known regarding vagal efferent conduction and nerve terminal function in the postischemic myocardium. To elucidate postischemic changes in the cardiac vagal efferent neuronal function, we measured myocardial interstitial acetylcholine (ACh) levels by using in vivo cardiac microdialysis and examined the ACh responses to electrical stimulation of the vagi or local administration of ouabain in anesthetized cats. Sixty-minute occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by 60-min reperfusion abolished electrical stimulation-induced ACh release (20.4 +/- 3.9 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.4 nmol/l; means +/- SE, P < 0.01). In different groups of animals, 60-min LAD occlusion followed by 60-min reperfusion decreased but did not completely abolish ouabain-induced release of ACh (9.2 +/- 1.8 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.7 nmol/l; P < 0.05). These results indicate that function of the vagal efferent axon was completely interrupted, whereas the local ACh release was partially suppressed in the postischemic myocardium. The postischemic disruption of vagal efferent neuronal function might exert deleterious effects on cardiac regulation.
Ubiquitin and SUMO conjugation as biomarkers of acute myeloid leukemias response to chemotherapies (2020)

Ubiquitin and the ubiquitin-like SUMO are covalently conjugated to thousands of proteins to modulate their function and fate. Many of the enzymes involved in their conjugation are dysregulated in cancers and involved in cancer cell response to therapies. We describe here the identification of biomarkers of the activity of these enzymes and their use to predict acute myeloid leukemias (AML) response to standard chemotherapy (daunorubicin-DNR and cytarabine-Ara-C). We compared the ability of extracts from chemosensitive and chemoresistant AML cells to conjugate ubiquitin or SUMO-1 on 9,000 proteins spotted on protein arrays. We identified 122 proteins whose conjugation by these posttranslational modifiers marks AML resistance to DNR and/or Ara-C. Based on this signature, we defined a statistical score predicting AML patient response to standard chemotherapy. We finally developed a miniaturized assay allowing for easy assessment of modification levels of the selected biomarkers and validated it in patient cell extracts. Thus, our work identifies a new type of ubiquitin-based biomarkers that could be used to predict cancer patient response to treatments.
Epinephrine Exerts Opposite Effects on Peripheral Glucose Disposal and Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion: A Stable Label Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test Minimal Model Study (1996)

Epinephrine (EPI) plays a pivotal role in regulating glucose metabolism both in splanchnic and peripheral tissues. Nevertheless, previous studies did not clarify the mechanisms by which EPI affect both glucose disposal processes in peripheral tissues and beta-cell secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate, in six normal volunteers, the effects of elevated EPI concentration on peripheral glucose disposal and insulin secretion by using the stable labeled (either [6,6-2H2] or [2-2H1]glucose) intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in conjunction with the minimal models of labeled glucose disappearance and C-peptide secretion. Elevated plasma EPI concentration significantly decreased glucose effectiveness (SG*) by 29% (0.0059 +/- 0.0013 vs. 0.0083 +/- 0.0011 min-1, P < 0.05), and even more, 61%, insulin sensitivity (SI*); (22 +/- 6 x 10(4) vs. 54 +/- 20 x 10(4) min-1.pmol.l-1; P < 0.01). These findings are not due to an isotopic effect induced by an enhanced glycogen breakdown, because the [2-2H1]glucose tracer, which is not incorporated into glycogen, gave results similar to those of [6,6-2H2]glucose tracer. No differences were observed in first phase cell sensitivity, phi 1, in the EPI study (199 +/- 91 vs. 245 +/- 144 10(9), NS), but there was a significant increase in the second-phase cell sensitivity to glucose phi 2, (15.2 +/- 1.7 vs. 17.7 +/- 4.4 10(9).min-1, P < 0.05). In conclusion, EPI selectively impairs peripheral glucose metabolism because of its unique ability to simultaneously and independently decrease glucose effectiveness and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, EPI enhances phi 2, the ratio between the C-peptide amount secreted during the second phase and the area under the curve of the glucose signal, indicating that the observed increase of C-peptide concentration is due not only to the augmented glucose signal but also to a specific EPI-mediated enhancement of beta-cell responsivity to glucose.
Special Issue for Papers Presented at the Annual Meeting of the German Audiology and Neurootology Group 2014 (ADANO) in Dresden/Germany (2016)

Since more than 65 years the ADANO has been working in the field of Audiology, Otology, and Neurotology under the umbrella of the German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. Currently, more than 200 scientists, engineers, and physicians from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland join this interdisciplinary group to share their knowledge and experience about most recent research results with respect to innovative investigation techniques and therapeutic strategies in the field. Traditionally, there is a focus on technical developments and new diagnostic tools. The ADANO substantially contributes to the development of guidelines in the field of Audiology, Otology, and Neurotology in Germany. In September 2014, the Annual Meeting of the ADANO was held in Dresden, Germany. Hands-on training of electrode insertion in Cochlear Implant Models, coupling of active Middle Ear Implants, and insertion of passive Middle Ear Prostheses was offered in preconference tutorials, organized by the EAR Lab of the host. Scientific sessions included main topics such as “Diagnostics and therapy of combined hearing loss,” “Diagnostics and therapy of vestibulospinal disorders,” “Electrophysiological event-related potential measurements in childhood,” “Innovations and quality management in Cochlear Implant Surgery and Rehabilitation,” and “Bimodal Hearing Rehabilitation.” More than 100 authors presented invited and free articles during the two conference days including distinguished international faculty with lectures about “Vestibulospinal reflexes” (D. Manzoni, Pisa), “Vestibular asymmetry and vestibulospinal reactions in case of scoliosis” (P. P. Vidal, Paris), and “Posturography and vestibulospinal reflexes in neurological disorders” (M. Rossilzquierdo, Santiago de Compostela). It has become a renowned tradition to invite the best presentations of the Annual ADANO meetings for a special issue of Otology and Neurotology. Thus, it is our great pleasure to present a selection of outstanding articles of the ADANO meeting 2014 in this special issue of the Journal. The articles mainly focus on hearing restauration and rehabilitation with implantable hearing systems. We thank all authors for their contributions and in memoriam John Niparko, former Editor-in-Chief, for his great support in putting together this special edition.
Connecting Current Literature, Cartoons, and Creativity: Incorporating Student-Created Cartoons in a Biochemistry Course to Enhance Learning (2020)

Pharmacy students in a biochemistry course enhance their learning by creating cartoons on pharmaceutical topics. For each of six course assignments, students are given and reflect on a current, advanced review article. The assignment has three parts: (i) Students write a one-sentence synopsis of the article; (ii) students create a cartoon that includes speech balloons; and (iii) students ask a “How?” or “Why?” question about the topic. Students gain understanding of subject matter directly related to their major and approach the literature with creative engagement and a novel perspective.
A 443pW Accumulation-Mode Gate-Leakage Based Bandgap Reference for IoT Applications (2021)

The paper presents a sub-nW bandgap reference (BGR) that exploits the temperature variation of gate-leakage current in thin oxide devices operating in the accumulation region to generate the reference voltage. The incorporation of gateleakage transistors scales down the power consumption of the BGR to pico-watt level without using any large physical resistors or sophisticated techniques, thereby making it suitable for IoT applications. The BGR is designed in TSMC 65nm technology and occupies an area of 0.009mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Post layout simulation results show nominal and worst-case accuracies of 23ppm/°C and 44ppm/°C respectively in the temperature range of -40°C to 100°C. Without any trimming, an inaccuracy (±3σ) of 3% is observed for the reference voltage, showing its resilience to process variations. It also exhibits a typical line sensitivity of 0.063%/V in a supply range of 1.5V-3.8V and a PSRR of -65dB at DC and 1.8V supply. The power consumption is observed to be 443pW at 1.5V supply and nominal temperature.
Bounds on "Bound Water": Transverse Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation in Barnacle Muscle (1976)

Relatively mobile protons that do not exchange with D2O exist in barnacle muscle cells. These are not part of the nonfreezing "bound water" that does exchange. Ninety-seven percent of the muscle water exhibits a single transverse relaxation time of 35 milliseconds: one water molecule per thousand, which is briefly and irrotationally bound, will produce the observed relaxation properties.
ChemInform Abstract: SOLVENT DEPENDENCE OF THE (205)TL(I) NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE CHEMICAL SHIFT (1975)

Abstract Die chemische Verschiebung des Tl(I)‐Ions der (205)Tl‐NMR kann in Abhängigkeit vom Lösungsmittel mehr als 2600 ppm betragen.
High speed detection of thermonuclear neutrons with solid state detectors (1988)

Inertial-confinement fusion experiments generate thermonuclear neutrons on subnanosecond time scales. To understand the burning of DT fuel a 14-MeV neutron detector with subnanosecond time response has been developed. The detectors are made of neutron-damaged, bulk GaAs with electron-hole recombination times of 60 ps. The conductivity of the detector is modulated by the energy deposited by the neutrons interacting in the detector to free carriers. The fast recombination time of this material quickly removes these radiation-generated carriers from the conduction process, resulting in extremely fast response times. The measurements and calculations of the sensitivity of the detectors are in good agreement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CMUTs for air coupled ultrasound with improved bandwidth (2011)

We present the design, fabrication and characterization of a multi-purpose capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) for air coupled ultrasound (∼300–500 kHz), with a focus on improved bandwidth. The focus of this work is to investigate whether and how wafer-bonded CMUTs can be improved in terms of bandwidth for airborne ultrasound by intentionally varying the cell radii across the entire device. Further, we consider the differences in terms of static d.c. operation point for improved frequency response and predictability by using a sensitivity-weighted distribution of cell radii groups. The pitch-catch results from one of our designs, compared to a reference device (all cell radii identical), show that the -6 db fractional bandwidth (FBW) can be improved from 1% up to 2.5%. For many applications, in which the −14 db duration signal (ASTM E1065) plays a role, the improvement goes from 1% to 18.9%. The observed improvements support the argument that such CMUTs will be beneficial for ultrasonic transit-time detection based applications.
A Role of Plasminogen in Atherosclerosis and Restenosis Models in Mice (1999)

In addition to its preeminent role in fibrinolysis, the plasminogen system is believed to play a key role in mediating cell migration. Leukocyte migration into the vessel wall is a key and early event in the development of the lesions of atherosclerosis and restenosis, pathologies which may be viewed as specific examples of vascular inflammatory responses. The development of mice in which the plasminogen gene has been inactivated affords an opportunity to test the contribution of plasminogen in leukocyte migration during in vivo. This article summarizes recent studies conducted in murine models of the inflammatory response, restenosis and atherosclerosis in which leukocyte migration, and in particular monocyte/macrophage migration, has been evaluated in plasminogen-deficient mice. Recruitment of these cells through the vessel wall in inflammatory response models and into the vessel wall in restenosis and transplant atherosclerosis models is substantially blunted. These data implicate plasminogen in the migration of leukocytes in these murine models. With the numerous correlations between components and/or activation of the plasminogen system in restenosis and atherosclerosis, these results also support a role of plasminogen in the corresponding human pathologies.
Sensitivity Analysis and Optimisation of a Land Use and Transport Integrated Model (2017)

International audience
Heterodyne serrodyne with high sideband suppression via time division multiplexing for arbitrary waveform generation (2005)

A novel time division multiplexing technique has been incorporated with optical serrodyne phase modulation to generate a single microwave tone with up to 1 MHz tunability. Sideband spurs due to finite phase reset time in ordinary serrodyne phase modulation have been suppressed to more than 40 dB below the carrier. These results show that endless phase modulation can easily be achieved using this novel technique.
Differential Current Relaying System with Optical Phase Detection Using the Flint Glass Fiber Type Optical Current Transducers. (2003)

We propose an optical current sensing system which has a function of the differential electric current calculation being done in the protective relay equipment. In the proposed system a new scheme of common pass fiber-optic interferometer is formed. The interferometer is composed of the flint glass fiber as multiple Faraday sensing elements, quarter wave plates as polarization mode converters, and polarization maintaining fiber as signal transmission lines. By using this system, stable output proportional to the total value of current detected by the multiple sensing elements can be obtained. In order to confirm the principle, an experimental set up including three sensors was built and characteristics of the system were examined. From results of the experiment, it became clear that function of the experimental system agreed well with the principle. Following the successful experimental results, two basic model sensors for practical use were manufactured and were incorporated into the system. Good test results of the system with the model sensors were also obtained.
Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition of electronic ceramics II : symposium held on November 27-29 1995, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (1996)

The use of high-performance ceramic materials in microelectronics holds the potential for the development of a wide range of novel, high-value products. For example, ferroelectric ceramic capacitors are key to the development of high-density ferroelectric nonvolatile memory (FRAM). High-dielectric constant para-electric capacitors are potentially useful for the production of high-density dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and for decoupling capacitors in high-speed microprocessors. Electro-optic materials are useful as waveguides, tunable filters and switches in advance communication applications. Researchers come together in this book to discuss both the application of metal-organic chemical vapor deposited (MOCVD) materials to microelectronics and the 'nuts and bolts' of the technique. A wide variety of opto-electronic, superconducting, ferroelectric and other advanced ceramic materials are discussed. Problems of dealing with low-volatility precursors, design of new precursors, and characterization of CVD processes are addressed. Topics include: nonoxide ceramics; precursor chemistry and delivery; process analysis and characterization; and oxide ceramics.
Association of Narrow Angles With Anterior Chamber Area and Volume Measured With Anterior-Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (2011)

Smaller anterior chamber area and anterior chamber volume were independently associated with narrow angles in Singaporeans, even after controlling for other known ocular risk factors.
Genetic Risk Score, Combined Lifestyle Factors and Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2018)

Adherence to a healthy lifestyle is associated with a substantially reduced risk of colorectal cancer regardless of individuals' genetic risk.
Silencing of SARS-CoV-2 with modified siRNA-peptide dendrimer formulation (2021)

Background. First vaccines for prevention of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are becoming available but there is a huge and unmet need for specific forms of treatment. In this study we aimed to evaluate the potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect of siRNA both in vitro and in vivo. Methods. To identify most effective molecule out of a panel of 15 in silico designed siRNAs, an in vitro screening system based on vectors expressing SARS-CoV-2 genes fused with the firefly luciferase reporter gene and SARS-CoV-2-infected cells was used. The most potent siRNA, siR-7, was modified by Locked nucleic acids (LNAs) to obtain siR-7-EM with increased stability and was formulated with the peptide dendrimer KK-46 for enhancing cellular uptake to allow topical application by inhalation of the final formulation - siR-7-EM/KK-46. Using the Syrian Hamster model for SARS-CoV-2 infection the antiviral capacity of siR-7-EM/KK-46 complex was evaluated. Results. We identified the siRNA, siR-7, targeting SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) as the most efficient siRNA inhibiting viral replication in vitro. Moreover, we have shown that LNA-modification and complexation with the designed peptide dendrimer enhanced the antiviral capacity of siR-7 in vitro. We demonstrated significant reduction of virus titer and total lung inflammation in the animals exposed by inhalation of siR-7-EM/KK-46 in vivo. Conclusions. Thus, we developed a therapeutic strategy for COVID-19 based on inhalation of a modified siRNA-peptide dendrimer formulation.
Rilmenidine (S 3341) and the sympathoadrenal system: adrenoreceptors, plasma and adrenal catecholamines in dogs (1988)

1. The effects of rilmenidine, a new alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist with antihypertensive properties, were investigated on plasma catecholamines, blood cell adrenoreceptors and adrenal medullary function. 2. In conscious sino-aortic denervated (SAD) dogs, rilmenidine (1 mg kg-1 orally for 2 weeks) significantly reduced both blood pressure and heart rate when compared with placebo treatment. The drug decreased plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels and corrected the decrease in leucocyte beta-adrenoreceptors observed in placebo-treated SAD dogs. There was no change in platelet alpha 2-adrenoreceptors. 3. In anaesthetized normotensive dogs, rilmenidine (0.1 and 0.3 mg kg-1 i.v.) induced a dose-dependent decrease in both cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) and catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla. 4. The present study shows that rilmenidine decreases sympathetic tone mainly by an action on the adrenal medulla. In addition, its ability to lower blood pressure in SAD dogs, i.e. a model of hypertension in which high sympathetic tone is present, indicates that rilmenidine may also depress other parts of the sympathetic nervous system.
MIMO Networks with One-Bit ADCs: Receiver Design and Communication Strategies (2021)

High resolution analog to digital converters (ADCs) are conventionally used at the receiver terminals to store an accurate digital representation of the received signal, thereby allowing for reliable decoding of transmitted messages. However, in a wide range of applications, such as communication over millimeter wave and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the use of high resolution ADCs is not feasible due to power budget limitations. In the conventional fully digital receiver design, where each receiver antenna is connected to a distinct ADC, reducing the ADC resolution leads to performance loss in terms of achievable rates. One proposed method to mitigate the rate-loss is to use analog linear combiners leading to design of hybrid receivers. Here, the hybrid framework is augmented by the addition of delay elements to allow for temporal analog processing. Two new classes of receivers consisting of delay elements, analog linear combiners, and one-bit ADCs are proposed. The fundamental limits of communication in single and multi-user (uplink and downlink) MIMO systems employing the proposed receivers are investigated. In the high signal to noise ratio regime, it is shown that the proposed receivers achieve the maximum achievable rates among all receivers with the same number of one-bit ADCs.
Investigating Effect of Unfilled Underfills on Board Level Solder Joint Reliability of Area Array Packages under Drop Test and Thermal Cycling Test (2006)

The work reported here explores the effect of underfill encapsulants on drop test and thermal cycle reliability of area array packages, such as BGAs, CSPs, and WL-CSPs. An unfilled underfill was found to provide superior drop test performance. Silica filled underfill, with lower CTE, was found to provide superior thermal cycle performance. However, if the unfilled underfill provides adequate thermal cycle performance, its use yields substantial process benefits.
IBM POWER7 performance modeling, verification, and evaluation (2011)

In this paper, we describe the key performance enhancements in IBM POWER7® microarchitecture and its memory hierarchy, including performance modeling and verification methodology. We also describe the performance characteristics of server applications, including Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) central processing unit, SAP Sales and Distribution, SPECjbb, online transaction processing workloads, and high-performance computing applications running on POWER7 processor-based systems compared with other systems.