gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Manipulating light with photonic crystals</title> (2001)

Within the past several years we have witnessed the emergence of a new class of materials which provide capabilities along a new dimension for the control and manipulation of light. These materials, known as `photonic crystals,' are viewed ideally as a composite of a periodic array of macroscopic dielectric scatterers in a homogeneous dielectric matrix. A photonic crystal affects the properties of a photon in much the same way that a semiconductor affects the properties of an electron. Consequently, photons in photonic crystals can have band structures, localized defect modes, surface modes, etc. This new ability to mold and guide light leads naturally to many novel applications of these materials in a variety of fields including optoelectronics, telecommunications, medicine and pharmaceuticals. An introductory survey including recent exciting developments in the field of photonic crystals is presented.
Controlled-release technology : bioengineering aspects (1983)

Provides the background information and state-of-the-art techniques needed to develop and use safe, effective bioactive toxic chemicals. Presents recently developed techniques for achieving controlled release, dealing with such topics as design parameters, determination of release rates, environmental aspects, and the question of chronic versus acute toxicity.
Aminoborohydrides. 7. A General Synthesis of Alkyl-Substituted Borohydrides from the Corresponding Organoborane by Means of Lithium Hydride Transfer from Lithium Aminoborohydride (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAminoborohydrides. 7. A General Synthesis of Alkyl-Substituted Borohydrides from the Corresponding Organoborane by Means of Lithium Hydride Transfer from Lithium AminoborohydrideJohn Harrison, Salvador G. Alvarez, Gayane Godjoian, and Bakthan SingaramCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 24, 7193–7194Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00103a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00103a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Pipelining Implementation for Parsing X-ray Diffraction Source Data and Removing the Background Noise (2010)

Synchrotrons can be used to generate X-rays in order to probe materials at the atomic level. One approach is to use X-ray diffraction (XRD) to do this. The data from an XRD experiment consists of a sequence of digital image files which for a single scan could consist of hundreds or even thousands of digital images. Existing analysis software processes these images individually sequentially and is usually used after the experiment is completed. The results from an XRD detector can be thought of as a sequence of images, generated during the scan by the X-ray beam. If these images could be analyzed in near real-time, the results could be sent to the researcher running the experiment and used to improve the overall experimental process and results. In this paper, we report on a stream processing application to remove background from XRD images using a pipelining implementation. We describe our implementation techniques of using IBM Infosphere Streams for parsing XRD source data and removing the background. We present experimental results showing the super-linear speedup attained over a purely sequential version of the algorithm on a quad-core machine. These results demonstrate the potential of making good use of multi-cores for high-performance stream processing of XRD images.
Investigation and solution of bump-like killer defects (2008)

In this study, we investigated the root cause of the conducting bump defects detected by optical inspection system that had the same signature as sampling pattern of electron beam inspection (EBI) at tungsten (W) chemical mechanical polish (CMP) and at copper (Cu) CMP. We found that the bump defects were formed due to the combined effects of EBI and de-ionized (DI) water clean right after EBI. Model of micro plating was proposed and experiment results agreed with the model. We also propose the solution to avoid the yield killing bump defects in future EBI applications.
Structure/function variability in RPGR-associated retinal dystrophy (2014)

Purpose: Mutations in the RPGR gene have been shown to cause both Rod-Cone and Cone-Rod dystrophies. In preparation for gene augmentation therapies, there is need to characterize retinal structure and function in patients with retinal dystrophy due to mutations in the RPGR gene, to assist with participant identification, determine the window of opportunity, and identify sensitive and reliable end-points. Methods: Molecularly confirmed RPGR subjects with Rod-Cone dystrophy (RCD) (n=14) and Cone-Rod dystrophy (CORD) (n=6) underwent clinical examination and retinal imaging, including autofluorescence (AF) imaging, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT), and adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) confocal and split detector imaging. Results: Subjects ranged in age from 15 to 57 in the CORD group. Best-corrected visual acuity in subjects with CORD was poorer (range 6/60 to light perception) than in RCD (range 6/6 – 6/20). Visual function was highly correlated with retinal integrity and autofluorescence measurements. Confocal imaging showed a variable foveal mosaic in the RCD and absent waveguidingfoveal cones in CORD. RPE-like cells were visible in the transition zones. Split detector imaging shows the existence of cone inner segments in regions void of waveguiding cones, and dark field imaging confirms RPE structures well into the transition zones. Conclusions: Both dystrophies result in severe degeneration, with a variable window of opportunity for intervention that potentially extends several decades. It will be important to undertake serial quantitative imaging to determine the rate of progression, which is likely highly variable, in order to identify potential participants who might be most likely to benefit and characterize the most sensitive metrics to determine efficacy in a timely fashion.
Alcohol Consumption Mediates the Relationship Between ADH1B and DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorder and Criteria (2014)

This is the first study to show that ADH1B rs1229984 is related to 6 of the 11 DSM-IV AUD criteria and that alcohol consumption explained a significant proportion of these associations and the association of ADH1B with AUDs. Better understanding of the relationship between ADH1B and the DSM-IV AUD criteria, including effects through consumption, will enhance our understanding of the etiologic model through which AUDs can occur.
ortho-Formyl substituted arylazomethylenetriphenylphosphoranes: a novel facile intramolecular thermal rearrangement with NN bond fission (1981)

The arylazomethylenetriphenylphosphoranes (1a) and (1b) afford, in good yields, the quinazolin-4-one derivatives (4a) and (4b)via a facile thermally promoted rearrangement, with NN bond cleavage and elimination of PPh3.
Ring Opening of Naphthenic Hydrocarbons on Zeolite Catalysts (2020)

The catalytic activity of zeolite catalysts containing supported metal nanoparticles is estimated in the ring opening reactions of model cyclic compounds. It is found that the best results (up to 58% selectivity in the opening of methylcyclopentane rings and a 23.4% yield of n-hexane) are achieved on 1% Pt/NaX catalyst.
<title>Coloration behavior of hybrid electrochromic films</title> (1994)

A novel synthesis of a sol-gel precursor for WO<SUB>3</SUB> thin films is presented. Through addition of oxalic acid dihydrate to the precursor solution, films with different microstructures may be obtained; and these microstructures are characterized using TEM, FESEM, and SAXS. Without the additive, the films are relatively homogeneous and amorphous; with the additive, the films are multiphase, containing amorphous and crystalline regions. In addition, the latter films contain numerous small regions of apparently much higher electron density, which likely correspond to a dispersed W-rich phase. Optoelectrochemical analysis of the films under galvanostatic conditions demonstrates that the homogeneous, amorphous films display a pronounced cycling effect in both the response of the electrode potential and the optical efficiency. In contrast, the multiphase films show no significant cycling effect.
Validity and limitations of simple reaction kinetics to calculate concentrations of organic compounds from ion counts in PTR-MS (2019)

Abstract. In September 2017, we conducted a proton-transfer-reaction mass-spectrometry (PTR-MS) intercomparison campaign at the CESAR observatory, a rural site in the central Netherlands near the village of Cabauw. Nine research groups deployed a total of 11 instruments covering a wide range of instrument types and performance. We applied a new calibration method based on fast injection of a gas standard through a sample loop. This approach allows calibrations on timescales of seconds, and within a few minutes an automated sequence can be run allowing one to retrieve diagnostic parameters that indicate the performance status. We developed a method to retrieve the mass-dependent transmission from the fast calibrations, which is an essential characteristic of PTR-MS instruments, limiting the potential to calculate concentrations based on counting statistics and simple reaction kinetics in the reactor/drift tube. Our measurements show that PTR-MS instruments follow the simple reaction kinetics if operated in the standard range for pressures and temperature of the reaction chamber (i.e. 1–4 mbar, 30–120∘, respectively), as well as a reduced field strength E∕N in the range of 100–160 Td. If artefacts can be ruled out, it becomes possible to quantify the signals of uncalibrated organics with accuracies better than ±30 %. The simple reaction kinetics approach produces less accurate results at E∕N levels below 100 Td, because significant fractions of primary ions form water hydronium clusters. Deprotonation through reactive collisions of protonated organics with water molecules needs to be considered when the collision energy is a substantial fraction of the exoergicity of the proton transfer reaction and/or if protonated organics undergo many collisions with water molecules.
Combined passive detection and ultrafast active imaging of cavitation events induced by short pulses of high-intensity ultrasound (2011)

The activation of natural gas nuclei to induce larger bubbles is possible using short ultrasonic excitations of high amplitude, and is required for ultrasound cavitation therapies. However, little is known about the distribution of nuclei in tissues. Therefore, the acoustic pressure level necessary to generate bubbles in a targeted zone and their exact location are currently difficult to predict. To monitor the initiation of cavitation activity, a novel all-ultrasound technique sensitive to single nucleation events is presented here. It is based on combined passive detection and ultrafast active imaging over a large volume using the same multi-element probe. Bubble nucleation was induced using a focused transducer (660 kHz, f-number = 1) driven by a high-power electric burst (up to 300 W) of one to two cycles. Detection was performed with a linear array (4 to 7 MHz) aligned with the single-element focal point. In vitro experiments in gelatin gel and muscular tissue are presented. The synchronized passive detection enabled radio-frequency data to be recorded, comprising high-frequency coherent wave fronts as signatures of the acoustic emissions linked to the activation of the nuclei. Active change detection images were obtained by subtracting echoes collected in the unnucleated medium. These indicated the appearance of stable cavitating regions. Because of the ultrafast frame rate, active detection occurred as quickly as 330 μs after the high-amplitude excitation and the dynamics of the induced regions were studied individually.
Energy Conversion and Storage: Synthesis, Mechanism, and Applications of Nanomaterials (2014)

1 Division of Green Chemistry and Engineering Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea 2 Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA 3Department of Materials Science and Technology, College of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan 4Department of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
Supramolecular design for polymer/titanium oxo-cluster hybrids: an open door to new organic–inorganic dynamers (2011)

Hybrid materials from organic polymers and inorganic solids often possess enhanced properties compared to their isolated constituents, if intimate mixing is achieved. We report a new approach combining inorganic nanobuilding blocks and supramolecular interactions, exemplified by a titanium oxo-cluster bearing four hydrogen bond acceptors and a telechelic PDMS with two hydrogen bond donors. With these simple components, we demonstrate that well chosen supramolecular interactions can be used to obtain new hybrid dynamers having the intrinsic properties of the inorganic component (such as photochromism) and improved mechanical properties, due to the supramolecular cross-linking of the polymer chains.
Ultra wide band resonator composed of grooved Cu-electrode on LiNbO<inf>3</inf> and its application to tunable filter (2009)

A leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW) on 0-15°YX-LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> has a large electro-mechanical coupling factor, but it has a leaky component. The LSAW changes to Love wave without its leaky component, by using a high density metal electrode with a low velocity such as Au and Cu on that substrate. It was reported that a resonator composed of a Cu-electrode/15°YX-LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> had wide bandwidth of 12%. This time, in order to obtain a resonator with a wider bandwidth, authors attempted to fabricate one-port resonators composed of a grooved Cu-electrode/4°YX-LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . As the result, this resonator had a wider bandwidth of 17% of 1.3 times and higher resonant and anti-resonant frequencies of 1.3 times than the resonator composed of a conventional type of same thick Cu-electrode on 4°YX-LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> for reference. Authors proposed to apply this resonator to a tunable filter. As the result, the tunable filter having tunable range of 7% in center frequency was realized.
Absence of circulating mast cell precursors in paediatric mastocytosis: could it reflect a different pathophysiology between adults and children with mastocytosis. (2013)

International audience
Fuzzy logic control for HVDC transmission (1997)

The conventional proportional-integral type control system loops for the current and extinction angle controllers in HVDC power converters are replaced with fuzzy logic based controls. The two approaches are compared using simulations on an electromagnetic transients simulation program. A method to refine the fuzzy logic formulation further to improve the transient response is presented. The results show that the fuzzy logic based approach can provide, at a minimum, a marginal improvement over PI-based controllers.
Intuitive rules in science and mathematics: a reaction time study (2006)

It has been observed that students react in similar ways to mathematics and science tasks that differ with regard either to their content area and/or to the type of reasoning required, but share some common, external features. Based on these observations, the Intuitive Rules Theory was proposed. In this present study the framework of this theory was employed and the reaction times of two types of responses were measured: those that are regarded as intuitive and those that are viewed as counter-intuitive. The motivation behind this study was to empirically address the immediacy characteristics of intuitive responses in the context of science and mathematics. The focus was on the comparison of area and perimeter of geometrical shapes, in the context of the intuitive rule more A – more B. The main findings showed that the reaction times of intuitive responses were, indeed, shorter than reaction times of counter-intuitive ones.
Dual activation of a sex pheromone-dependent ion channel from insect olfactory dendrites by protein kinase C activators and cyclic GMP. (1991)

Olfactory transduction is thought to take place in the outer dendritic membrane of insect olfactory receptor neurons. Here we show that the outer dendritic plasma membrane of silkmoth olfactory receptor neurons seems to be exclusively equipped with a specific ion channel activated by low concentrations of the species-specific sex pheromone component. This so-called AC1 channel has a conductance of 56 pS and is nonselectively permeable to cations. The AC1 channel can be activated from the intracellular side by protein kinase C activators such as diacylglycerol and phorbolester and by cGMP but not by Ca2+, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate, or cAMP. Our results imply that phosphorylation of this ion channel by protein kinase C could be the crucial step in channel opening by sex pheromones.
Active QoS Flow Maintenance in Controlled Mobile Networks (2005)

Abstract : Applications involving teams of mobile robots will require robots within the system to form connections to other members with certain quality of service (QoS) requirements. We present a distributed control architecture that allows robots participating in routing a QoS flow to maintain the required level of service while addressing secondary objectives. A distributed control system preserves global properties using best-effort, error-suppressing controllers. We outline a routing protocol that dynamically reconfigures a flow by recruiting neighboring robots if it believes a routing fault may occur. We evaluate the control architecture and dynamic configuration protocol in simulation, using the ns-2 network simulator and Player/Stage robot simulator platforms.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Dehydrogenation of C2—C4 Alkanes into Alkenes: Conventional Catalytic Systems and Microwave Catalysis (2013)

Abstract Review: 84 refs.
Corporate and Technology Strategy (1996)

The prelims comprise: Technology strategy Technology strategy vectors Technology strategy archetypes
Multiple polymerase acidic (PA) I38X substitutions in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus permit polymerase activity and cause reduced baloxavir inhibition (2020)

Most PA 38 substitutions permit a functional replication complex retaining some drug resistance in the mini-replicon assay. This study provides a targeted approach for virus rescue and analysis of novel baloxavir marboxil reduced-susceptibility markers, supports the consideration of a broader range of these markers during antiviral surveillance and adds to the growing knowledge of baloxavir marboxil resistance profiles.
Linearized broadband optical detector: study and implementation of optical phase-locked loop (2013)

Optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) is used to improve the linearity of an optical link for transmission of analog signals. The finite loop delay and the presence of a low-pass filter, required for stable loop operation, lead to a nontrivial frequency response. Here, the linearity improvement in OPLL is investigated, and simple relation among the loop delay, the open-loop gain, and the loop-filter bandwidth that must be satisfied for stable operation of the OPLL is found. This relation is used to determine the fundamental limit on spur-free dynamic range (SFDR) improvement that OPLL can offer over a conventional Mach-Zehnder (MZ)-type detector.
Age‐ and gender‐related influence on the lacrimal gland and tears (1990)

Previous research has demonstrated that distinct, gender-related differences exist in lacrimal glands in a variety of adult species. The objective of the current investigation was to examine whether this influence of gender extends throughout development and aging. Towards that end, morphological parameters of the lacrimal gland, as well as the volume, protein and IgG content of tears, were measured in male and female infant, preweanling, pubertal, adult, mid-life and senescent rats. Our results showed that dramatic, age-related variations occurred in the weight and morphological appearance of the lacrimal gland. Moreover, the magnitude of structural changes was dependent upon gender. Acinar area was significantly greater in lacrimal tissue of males, as compared to females, at all ages except pre-weanling; this sexual dimorphism was most evident in senescent rats. In contrast, acinar density in lacrimal glands of females was higher than, or equal to, that of males throughout development and aging. With regard to tears, pronounced increases were evident in tear volume, protein and IgG content from the pre-weanling stage to adulthood. After this time, these tear indices tended either to plateau or rise slightly until senescence. Gender had little or no impact of the volume of, or protein and IgG level in, tears. Of interest, the IgG/protein ratio in tears was 49- to 105-fold less than that found in lacrimal tissue, indicating that IgG moves down a gradient from the lacrimal gland to tears. Overall, our findings demonstrate that gender has a significant influence on lacrimal gland structure during development and aging. However, this impact is limited with respect to tear volume and protein content.