gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate transcription of clonedXenopusrRNA genes by RNA polymerase I: demonstration by S1 nuclease mapping (1982)

We have demonstrated faithful transcriptional initiation of cloned Xenopus rRNA genes upon injection into Xenopus oocytes. This observation has been made possible by the use of an S1 nuclease assay that is both sensitive and quantitative. In order to detect rRNA synthesis from the injected template above the large background of rRNA endogenously present in oocytes, the divergence of ribosomal DNA sequences between two Xenopus species was utilized. Cloned X. laevis ribosomal DNA was injected into the nuclei of X. borealis oocytes. Total oocyte RNA was then isolated and hybridized to a radioactive DNA probe that over laps the 5' end of X. laevis rRNA; endogenous rRNA of the X. borealis oocytes does not hybridize to the probe. RNA/DNA hybrids were treated with S1 nuclease and protected fragments were sized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RNA made from the injected rDNA protects the same region of probe as does authentic X. laevis precursor rRNA. Thus, transcription appears to initiate on the cloned, microinjected X. laevis rDNA at the same site as is used in vivo. This synthesis is not impaired by coinjection of an amount of alpha-amanitin sufficient to inhibit RNA polymerase II and III; therefore the reaction is mediated by RNA polymerase I. The amount of transcription may be reproducibly quantitated and we have varied a number of parameters in order to maximize transcriptional expression of the injected rDNA. Eight independently isolated X. laevis rDNA clones as well as several subcloned initiation regions of these genes are all accurately transcribed at approximately equal efficiency. This assay should facilitate analysis of several aspects of rRNA transcription, including deleniation of the Xenopus RNA polymerase I promoter location.
Rapid MR imaging of a vascular challenge to focal ischemia in cat brain (1993)

Deoxygenated blood was effectively used as a magnetic resonance (MR) susceptibility contrast agent to distinguish perfused and nonperfused (ischemic) regions in a focal ischemia model in cat brain at 2T. Modulation of cerebral blood oxygenation levels in response to apnea was followed in real time with T2*-weighted (gradient-recalled) echo-planar MR imaging. Signal loss in the T2*-weighted images occurred only in perfused tissues as blood became globally deoxygenated. These data complemented information from diffusion-weighted and contrast agent bolus-tracking images. In addition, observation of the signal recovery behavior on reventilation in both normal and ischemic brain offered potentially useful information about the state of the cerebral autoregulatory mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Preparation of C2‐Symmetrical Ferrocenyl Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stereoselective Synthesis, Molecular Geometry, and Oxidation of (5-Isopropyl-2-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonates (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective Synthesis, Molecular Geometry, and Oxidation of (5-Isopropyl-2-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)phosphonatesFrancois Le Moigne and Paul TordoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 12, 3365–3367Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00091a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00091a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Functional Tools for Antithrombogenic Activity Assessment of Live Surface Glycocalyx (2016)

Our assays are of high relevance in the vascular community because they can be used to establish the antithrombogenic capacity of many different types of surfaces such as vascular grafts and transplants. This work will also advance the capacity for glycocalyx-targeting therapeutics development to treat damaged vasculatures.
Pre- and post-prandial capillary glucose self-monitoring achieves better glycaemic control than pre-prandial only monitoring (2005)

No consensus exists amongst professionals as to the timing of capillary blood glucose self-monitoring (CBGSM). No studies have addressed the timing of CBGSM in the general population with diabetes. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of pre- and post-prandial CBGSM with pre-prandial CBGSM only, in a cohort of insulin treated diabetic patients receiving a basal-bolus insulin regimen. A total of 24 patients, recruited from a diabetes review clinic, took part in a within-patient cross-over study. They were allocated, in random order, to one of two methods of CBGSM: 12 weeks pre- and post-prandial testing, followed by another 12 weeks of pre-prandial only testing (or vice versa) with a four-week washout period between. HbA1c, pre- and post-prandial blood glucose levels, weight and insulin dosage were used as indicators for comparing the two methods of testing. HbA1c improved with both methods of monitoring but the improvement was significantly better during pre- and post-prandial monitoring (0.1% versus 0.6%; p=0.001). The mean pre-prandial blood glucose levels were significantly lower during pre- and post-prandial testing than during pre-prandial only testing (8.5 mmol/L versus 9.0 mmol/L, p=0.002). The patients' weight increased significantly during the combination testing method (2 kg, p<0.005), which was correlated with the improvement in HbA1c (r=73, p<0.005), whilst there was no significant increase in weight during the pre-prandial only testing period. In patients receiving a basal-bolus insulin regimen a combination of pre- and post-prandial capillary blood glucose self-monitoring provides a better tool for achieving improved glycaemia than pre-prandial monitoring only. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empty Pockets Yield More Telomere Change (2002)

no absract available
Refinement of the Optimized Potentials for Liquid Simulations Force Field for Thermodynamics and Dynamics of Liquid Alkanes (2022)

Torsion and Lennard-Jones parameters of the optimized potentials for liquid simulations (OPLS) all-atom force field have been refined for describing thermodynamics and dynamics of a wide range of liquid alkanes. Monte Carlo statistical mechanics (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out. For thermodynamics properties, MC simulations with truncated electrostatic interactions performed very closely to MD simulations with a Verlet neighbor list and the particle mesh Ewald algorithm. The average errors in comparison with experimental data for computed properties were improved with the modified force field (OPLS/2020), especially for long-chain alkanes. For liquid densities, heats of vaporization, and free energies of hydration, the average errors are 0.01 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, 0.2 kcal/mol, and <i>ca</i>. 0.5 kcal/mol, respectively; significant gains were made for relative heats of vaporization of isomeric series. Results for self-diffusion coefficients also reproduce experimental data well for linear alkane liquids up to hexadecane. The new force field is suitable for use in improved modeling of myriad systems of importance in chemistry, biology, and materials science.
Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Response by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Zebrafish Larvae (2021)

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a heme precursor, on inflammatory and oxidative stress activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages by estimating nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also evaluated the molecular mechanisms through analysis of the expression of their regulatory genes, and further evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of ALA against LPS in the zebrafish model. Our results indicated that ALA treatment significantly attenuated the LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators including NO and PGE2, which was associated with decreased inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. ALA also inhibited the LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, reducing their extracellular secretion. Additionally, ALA abolished ROS generation, improved the mitochondrial mass, and enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the activation of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. However, zinc protoporphyrin, a specific inhibitor of HO-1, reversed the ALA-mediated inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines production and activation of mitochondrial function in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, ALA significantly abolished the expression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and showed strong protective effects against NO and ROS production in zebrafish larvae. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ALA exerts LPS-induced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and that ALA can be a potential functional agent to prevent inflammatory and oxidative damage.
Working Principles of a DRAM Cell Based on Gated-Thyristor Bistability (2014)

This letter discusses the working principles of a memory cell exploiting the bistability of a single nanoscale gated-thyristor to achieve high-performance DRAM operation (T-RAM cell). The device relies on the possibility to reach either of the two stable states of the thyristor by means of a fast low-to-high gate switch and depending on the amount of holes in the gated <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">\(p\) </tex-math></inline-formula> -base. In particular, with proper selection of the low and high gate levels, the stationary hole concentration in the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">\(p\) </tex-math></inline-formula> -base leads the thyristor to its high current state while hole depletion results in an orders-of-magnitude lower anode current. This opens the possibility for a DRAM technology with a simple back-end process and fast write and read operations with low voltage requirements.
Fluoride Anions: Unexploited but Effective Halogen Bond Acceptors (2023)

Abstract Due to their high electron density, fluoride anions can be considered the most effective halogen bond (HaB) acceptors among the halides. However, under common experimental conditions, F − uncommonly acts as HaB acceptor, expectedly as it is present in hydrated form. Herein we report that under specific crystallization conditions a hydrogen bond‐free F − functioning as donor of electron density can be obtained, with the formed HaBs constituting the driving force of the observed crystal packings. Computations confirm the strength of these HaBs compared to analogous interactions involving other halides.
Thrombospondin 1 does not activate transforming growth factor β1 in a chemically defined system or in smooth-muscle-cell cultures (2000)

The cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is secreted in a latent form that has no known biological activity. The conversion of latent TGF-β1 into its biologically active 25kDa form is thought to be an important step in the regulation of TGF-β activity both in cell culture and in vivo. Thrombospondin (TSP)-1, a 360kDa platelet α-granule and extracellular matrix protein, has been shown to participate in TGF-β1 activation. We have used a chemically defined system to examine the mechanism of TSP-1-mediated TGF-β1 activation. However, the addition of two different preparations of TSP-1 to recombinant small latent TGF-β1 in the test tube resulted in only a very small increase in the proportion of the TGF-β1 able to bind to the TGF-β type II receptor: from 0.1% to a maximum of 0.4%. This small effect was not specific for TSP-1: matrix metalloproteinase 2, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and active plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, but not transglutaminase, human serum albumin or immunoglobulin, had quantitatively similar effects on latent TGF-β1. Furthermore, no change in the activity associated with small latent TGF-β1 was noted in either mink lung epithelial cell or rat aortic smooth-muscle cell culture systems in the presence of TSP-1 (or TSP-1-derived peptides). We conclude that TSP-1, either alone or in the presence of cultured smooth-muscle cells (a cell type known to activate latent TGF-β in vitro and in vivo) is unable to activate latent TGF-β1. Any TSP-mediated activation of TGF-β1 must depend on additional factor(s) not present in our systems.
Lysinuric protein intolerance. Basolateral transport defect in renal tubuli. (1981)

In patients with an autosomal recessive diamino acid transport disorder, lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), we measured plasma and urinary amino acids basally, and during intravenous infusion of citrulline at two rates. Compared with controls, the patients' plasma citrulline concentrations rose similarly, but urinary citrulline excretion increased excessively. Their plasma arginine and ornithine levels rose subnormally, but massive argininuria and moderate ornithinuria appeared. The excretion rates of the third diamino acid lysine and other amino acids remained practically unaltered, thus excluding mutual competition as the cause for the increases. The results suggest that (a) in the normal kidney reabsorption involves partial conversion of citrulline to arginine and ornithine (metabolic run-out), (b) in LPI, the diamino acid transport defect is located at the basolateral cell membrane of the renal tubules; this inhibits the efflux of arginine and ornithine, increasing their cellular concentration, which in turn inhibits the metabolic disposal of citrulline, and causes leakage of arginine, ornithine, and citrulline into the tubular lumen.
Alk1 and Alk5 inhibition by Nrp1 controls vascular sprouting downstream of Notch (2015)

Sprouting angiogenesis drives blood vessel growth in healthy and diseased tissues. Vegf and Dll4/Notch signalling cooperate in a negative feedback loop that specifies endothelial tip and stalk cells to ensure adequate vessel branching and function. Current concepts posit that endothelial cells default to the tip-cell phenotype when Notch is inactive. Here we identify instead that the stalk-cell phenotype needs to be actively repressed to allow tip-cell formation. We show this is a key endothelial function of neuropilin-1 (Nrp1), which suppresses the stalk-cell phenotype by limiting Smad2/3 activation through Alk1 and Alk5. Notch downregulates Nrp1, thus relieving the inhibition of Alk1 and Alk5, thereby driving stalk-cell behaviour. Conceptually, our work shows that the heterogeneity between neighbouring endothelial cells established by the lateral feedback loop of Dll4/Notch utilizes Nrp1 levels as the pivot, which in turn establishes differential responsiveness to TGF-β/BMP signalling.
<title>Image representation by wavelet-type transforms based on the similarities group</title> (1992)

In this paper we discuss the wavelet approach to image representation according to the action of the similarities group, i.e., according to the action of radial scaling, angular rotation and shifting. We find sufficient conditions for a discrete set of such wavelet-type functions in order to constitute a frame of L<SUB>2</SUB>(R<SUP>2</SUP>) images. Finally, an iterative algorithm to compute the desired representation coefficients is presented, and a lower bound on the rate of convergence of the algorithm is offered.
Poly (Butyl Acrylate)-Graft-Polystyrene Synthesis by Free-Radical Polymerization: Interplay between Structure, Morphology, Mechanical, and Optical Properties (2019)

We report a new method of preparation of poly (butyl acrylate)-g-polystyrene/polystyrene blends by free-radical polymerization. Copolymerization of glycidyl (meth)acrylate with butyl acrylate is followed by a polymer analogous reaction of this copolymer with acrylic acid and subsequent copolymerization of the modified backbone with styrene. Investigation on the number of reactive groups per backbone chain and its molecular weight allows grafting efficiencies of about 35% to be reached, as well as low cross-linking. Blends of nanophase-separated copolymers having a backbone with M<sub>n</sub> of around 50 kg/mol and 4 reactive groups per chain are transparent, with haze as low as 14%, tensile strength of around 22 MPa, and elongations at the break of around 3%. Correlation between morphology determined by transmission electron microscopy and properties of the blend is established.
Detection of exogenous and endogenous avian leukosis virus in commercial chicken eggs using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction assay (1999)

Avian leukosis retroviruses (ALV) cause lymphomas and other cancers in chickens. Previous studies have used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) to detect ALV p27 group-specific antigens (GSA) in commercial chicken eggs. In the poultry industry eradication programme against exogenous ALV, ELISA assays are used to identify chickens infected with the virus. The inability of ELISA and IFA assays to discriminate between ALV GSA of endogenous or exogenous origin, and actual virus, have limited rigorous assessments of viral transmission dynamics. Here, we report the use of a newly developed reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, with direct sequencing of the RT-PCR product, to show endogenous and exogenous ALV in albumen from unfertilized chicken eggs. We found that 95% of 20 eggs from ALV-exposed commercial chickens and 14.2% of 240 egg samples from 20 randomly chosen New Orleans retail stores were ALV-positive by RT-PCR. In comparison, only 2.5% of the same egg samples from the retail stores were positive by ELISA. Corresponding direct sequencing of randomly chosen RT-PCR products showed that four of six egg samples contained endogenous ALV, while two of the six samples were positive for exogenous subgroup A ALV. The finding of endogenous subgroup E ALV in unfertilized chicken eggs emphasizes that the transmission of endogenous ALV is common and should be considered in the implementation of ALV eradication programmes by the poultry industry.
Optogenetics: Opsins and Optical Interfaces in Neuroscience (2014)

Optogenetics is defined as the integration of optics and genetics to control well-defined events within specified cells of living tissue. In this introduction, we focus on the basic techniques necessary for employing microbial opsins as optogenetic tools in mammalian brains. We provide a guide for the fundamentals of optogenetic application-selecting an opsin, implementing expression of opsins based on the neuroscientific experimental requirements, and adapting the corresponding optical hardware for delivery of light into mammalian brains.
A New Solid Electrolyte For Transparent Electrochromic Devices (1989)

An ITO/W0<sub>3</sub>/Mica/IrO<sub>x</sub>/ITO electrochromic device has been fabricated using a mica film solid electrolyte and vacuum deposition techniques. The lithium fluorhectorite film was prepared by electrophoresis of a mica sol made from a glass ceramic. Test results from the devices show ~30 points darkening in 30 sec., with bleaching occurring in a slightly shorter time at &plusmn; 2.1 v applied.
Atomic-resolution in-situ cooling study of functionally terminated 2D transition metal carbides. (2021)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Supplementary figures and supplementary table legends from Pooled Genomic Screens Identify Anti-apoptotic Genes as Targetable Mediators of Chemotherapy Resistance in Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1A. Cisplatin and paclitaxel sensitivity in ovarian cancer cell lines Figure S1B. Cell line growth curves in ORF screen Figure S1C. Candidate resistance genes scoring in {greater than or equal to}2 conditions in primary ORF screen Figure S2A. Expression of MDR1, encoded by ABCB1 Figure S2B. Overexpression of ABCB1 and paclitaxel response Figure S2C. Overexpression of ABCB1 and paclitaxel response in HGSOC cell lines Figure S2D. Effect of ABCB1 overexpression on cell growth with paclitaxel treatment Figure S2E. Effect of MDR1/P-glycoprotein inhibitor elacridar on paclitaxel response Figure S2F. Overexpression of ABCB1 and colony formation with paclitaxel treatment and effect of elacridar on colony formation Figure S3A. Cell line growth curves in mini-pool overexpression secondary screen Figure S3B. Mini-pool overexpression secondary screen Figure S3C. Top-ranked genes by LFC in mini-pool overexpression secondary screen Figure S4A. Cell line growth curves in CRISPR-Cas9 screen Figure S4B. CRISPR-Cas9 screen data from cisplatin+paclitaxel "low-dose" combination Figure S5A. Expression of BCL-XL and BCL-W Figure S5B. Overexpression of BCL2L1 (BCL-XL) or BCL2L2 (BCL-W) and paclitaxel response in HGSOC cell lines Figure S5C. Effect of overexpressing anti-apoptotic proteins on apoptotic priming Figure S5D. Expression of BCL-2 and MCL1 Figure S5E. Overexpression of BCL2 or MCL1 and apoptosis induction Figure S5F. Overexpression of BCL2 or MCL1 and paclitaxel or cisplatin response Figure S6. Cell cycle analysis of HGSOC cells overexpressing anti-apoptotic proteins Figure S7A. Genomic alterations in anti-apoptotic genes in primary ovarian cancer Figure S7B. Copy-number alterations of anti-apoptotic genes in primary HGSOC Figure S7C. Copy-number alterations of pro-apoptotic genes in primary HGSOC Figure S7D. Copy number and expression of anti-apoptotic genes in primary HGSOC Figure S7E. MCL1 and BCL2L1 are focally amplified in HGSOC Figure S7F. Progression-free interval of patients with primary HGSOC with focal amplifications of BCL2L1 or MCL1 Figure S8A. Copy number alterations of anti-apoptotic genes in ovarian cancer cell lines Figure S8B. Expression of anti-apoptotic genes in ovarian cancer cell lines Figure S9A. Expression of anti-apoptotic genes in platinum-sensitive and -resistant HGSOC Figure S9B. Expression of anti-apoptotic genes in paired platinum-sensitive and- resistant HGSOC Figure S10A. Effects of single-agent anti-apoptotic protein inhibitors on ovarian cancer cell lines Figure S10B. BH3 profiling of HGSOC cell lines with a panel of pro-apoptotic peptides&lt;/p&gt;