gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Length dependence of saturation power in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers</title> (1992)

The dependence of the output saturation power on length is determined for an aluminosilicate erbium-doped fiber amplifier. For low gain amplifiers the output saturation power is found to decrease with increasing length. But for amplifiers with small signal gains above about 20 dB the output saturation power increases with length. The self-saturation by amplified spontaneous emission of such high gain amplifiers is responsible for the observation of increased saturation output powers.
Enzymic approach to the synthesis of the pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepine antibiotics (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymic approach to the synthesis of the pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepine antibioticsAhmed KamalCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 6, 2237–2240Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00006a051https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00006a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulation of the cyclopropane synthase cfaB gene in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (2011)

In Pseudomonas putida, as in many other eubacteria, cyclopropane fatty acids (CFAs) accumulate in the membrane during the stationary phase of growth. Here, we show that cfaB gene expression in P. putida KT2440 is dependent on the RpoS sigma factor that recognizes the sequence 5'-CTACTCT-3' between -8 and -14. We have carried out a mutational study of the cfa promoter and have determined that positions -9, -12, -13 and -14 are the most critical for maximal activity. In P. putida, the substrates of the CFA synthase, cis-unsaturated fatty acids (cis-UFAs), are also substrates for another stress-related enzyme, the cis-trans isomerase (CTI). Despite using the same substrates, we have found that the activity of the CTI is not limited by the CFA synthase activity and vice versa. For instance, in a cfaB knockout mutant, the amount of trans-UFAs synthesized after a specific stress was no higher than in the parental background despite the fact that there are more cis-UFAs available to be used by the CTI as substrates. In this regard, in a cti-deficient mutant background, the levels of CFAs were similar to those in the parental one under the same conditions.
<p>Arginine-Modified Polymers Facilitate Poly (Lactide-Co-Glycolide)-Based Nanoparticle Gene Delivery to Primary Human Astrocytes</p> (2020)

By co-transfecting two polymeric NPs, we developed an improved system for gene delivery and expression in primary human astrocytes. These findings provide a basis for a biocompatible and clinically translatable method to regulate astrocyte function during neurodegenerative diseases and disorders.
Electronic structure at coarse-grained resolutions from supervised machine learning (2019)

Computational studies aimed at understanding conformationally dependent electronic structure in soft materials require a combination of classical and quantum-mechanical simulations, for which the sampling of conformational space can be particularly demanding. Coarse-grained (CG) models provide a means of accessing relevant time scales, but CG configurations must be back-mapped into atomistic representations to perform quantum-chemical calculations, which is computationally intensive and inconsistent with the spatial resolution of the CG models. A machine learning approach, denoted as artificial neural network electronic coarse graining (ANN-ECG), is presented here in which the conformationally dependent electronic structure of a molecule is mapped directly to CG pseudo-atom configurations. By averaging over decimated degrees of freedom, ANN-ECG accelerates simulations by eliminating backmapping and repeated quantum-chemical calculations. The approach is accurate, consistent with the CG spatial resolution, and can be used to identify computationally optimal CG resolutions.
Development of Low-platinum Catalyst for Fuel Cells by Mechano-chemical Method (2011)

Mechano-chemical method was applied to develop a new composite catalyst consisting of tungsten carbide (WC) and platinum / carbon (Pt / C). The formation of Pt / C-WC composite particle was confirmed by TEM observation, in which we found that small Pt particles and thin carbon layer existed on the WC surface. The Pt / C-WC composite particle showed a similar catalytic activity with pristine Pt / C catalyst for hydrogen oxidation although the amount of Pt loading was about 1 / 4 of that for the Pt / C catalyst. This was confirmed in the fuel cell test as well as in the hydrogen adsorption / desorption behavior measured by cyclic voltammetry.
(Invited) Process and Integration of Dielectrics Required for 10nm and Beyond Scaling (2016)

Dielectric materials with tailored properties are required to meet future device and integration needs. Deposition processes that are self-limited (e.g. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)), or self-directed (e.g. selective deposition) will enable those materials to be used in scaled 3D devices incorporating new channel materials. Highly tailored ALD processes are being investigated to fabricate functional material layers. Interspersed treatments and doping to make ternary materials may be used to modify the physical and electrical properties of ALD films further in order to optimize the resulting physical or electrical properties. Examples of these and similar processes are described and discussed with the goal of discerning a path beyond 10nm devices.
Stochastic interconnect modeling, power trends, and performance characterization of 3-D circuits (2001)

Three-dimensional (3-D) technology promises higher integration density and lower interconnection complexity and delay. At present, however, not much work on circuit applications has been done due to lack of insight into 3-D circuit architecture and performance. One of the purposes of realizing 3-D integration is to reduce the interconnect complexity and delay of two dimensions (2-D), which are widely considered as the barriers to continued performance gains in future technology generations. Thus, understanding the interconnect and its related issues, such as the impact on circuit performance, is key to 3-D circuit applications. In this paper, we present a stochastic 3-D interconnect model and study the impact of 3-D integration on circuit performance and power consumption. To model 3-D interconnect, we divide 3-D wires into two parts (horizontal wires and vertical wires) and derive their stochastic distributions. Based on those distributions, we estimate the delay distribution. We show that 3-D structures effectively reduce the number of long delay nets, significantly reduce the number of repeaters, and dramatically improve circuit performance. With 3-D integration, circuits can be clocked at frequencies much higher (double or even triple) than 2-D.
Movement of dislocations dressed withHe3impurities inHe4crystals (2014)

Solid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ is a unique example of crystal where dislocations may move at macroscopic speeds with impurities attached to them. In $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ crystals, the only impurities are $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ atoms, whose concentration can be reduced to zero and measured down to the ppt $(10{}^{\ensuremath{-}12})$ level. We present measurements of the mobility of dislocations dressed with $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ impurities as a function of the crystal purity. They show that the damping of dislocation motion is proportional to the concentration of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ bound to these dislocations. It has allowed us to measure the $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ binding energy ${E}_{B}$ to dislocations without any ambiguity. Our results solve the controversy concerning ${E}_{B}$: We confirm our previously measured value $0.7 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}$ 0.1 K, and we demonstrate that it cannot be 0.2 or 0.4 K as estimated by other authors. Finally, we present a simple model for the damping magnitude, where dissipation is due to the emission by moving $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ impurities of transverse waves along the dislocation lines.
Strobe -- Towards Low Cost Soil Sensing Using Wi-Fi (2019)

A farm's soil moisture and soil electrical conductivity (EC)readings are extremely valuable for a farmer. They can help her reduce water use and improve productivity. However, the high cost of commercial soil moisture sensors and the inaccuracy of sub-1000 dollar EC sensors have limited their adoption. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a system, called Strobe, that senses soil moisture and soil EC using RF propagation in existing Wi-Fi bands. Strobe overcomes the key challenge of limited bandwidth availability in the 2.4 GHz unlicensed spectrum using a novel multi-antenna technique. It maps the propagation time and amplitude of Wi-Fi signals received by different antennas to the soil permittivity and EC, which in turn depend on soil moisture and salinity. Our experiments with USRP, WARP, and commodity Wi-Fi cards show that Strobe can accurately estimate soil moisture and EC using Wi-Fi, thereby showing the potential of a future where a farmer can sense soil in their farm without investing 1000s of dollars in sensing tools.
Magneto-active composites with locally tailored stiffness produced by laser powder bed fusion (2023)

Additive manufacturing technologies enable the production of complex and bioinspired shapes using magneto-responsive materials, which find diverse applications in soft robotics. Particularly, the development of composites with controlled gradients in mechanical properties offers new prospects for advancements in magneto-active materials. However, achieving such composites with gradients typically involves complex multi-material printing procedures. In this study, a single-step laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process is proposed that enables precise local adjustments of the mechanical stiffness within magneto-active composites. By utilizing distinct laser parameters in specific regions of a composite containing thermoplastic polyurethane and atomized magnetic powder derived from hard magnetic Nd-Fe-B, the stiffness of the composite can be modified within the range of 2 to 22 MPa. Various magneto-responsive actuators with locally tailored stiffness are fabricated and their magnetic performance is investigated. The enhanced response exhibited by actuators with locally adjusted mechanical properties in comparison to their homogeneous counterparts with identical geometries is shown. As a demonstration of a biomedical application, a magnetically responsive stent with localized adjustment is presented with the ability to meet specific requirements in terms of geometry and local stiffness based on an individual's anatomy and disease condition. The proposed method presents an approach for creating functionally graded materials using LPBF, not only for magneto-active materials but also for several other structural and functional materials.
Improving Compound–Protein Interaction Prediction by Self-Training with Augmenting Negative Samples (2023)

Identifying compound-protein interactions (CPIs) is crucial for drug discovery. Since experimentally validating CPIs is often time-consuming and costly, computational approaches are expected to facilitate the process. Rapid growths of available CPI databases have accelerated the development of many machine-learning methods for CPI predictions. However, their performance, particularly their generalizability against external data, often suffers from a data imbalance attributed to the lack of experimentally validated inactive (negative) samples. In this study, we developed a self-training method for augmenting both credible and informative negative samples to improve the performance of models impaired by data imbalances. The constructed model demonstrated higher performance than those constructed with other conventional methods for solving data imbalances, and the improvement was prominent for external datasets. Moreover, examination of the prediction score thresholds for pseudo-labeling during self-training revealed that augmenting the samples with ambiguous prediction scores is beneficial for constructing a model with high generalizability. The present study provides guidelines for improving CPI predictions on real-world data, thus facilitating drug discovery.
mRNA vaccination with charge-altering releasable transporters elicits human T cell responses and cures established tumors in mice (2018)

In vivo delivery of antigen-encoding mRNA is a promising approach to personalized cancer treatment. The therapeutic efficacy of mRNA vaccines is contingent on safe and efficient gene delivery, biological stability of the mRNA, and the immunological properties of the vaccine. Here we describe the development and evaluation of a versatile and highly efficient mRNA vaccine-delivery system that employs charge-altering releasable transporters (CARTs) to deliver antigen-coding mRNA to antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We demonstrate in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells that CART vaccines can activate a robust antigen-specific immune response against mRNA-encoded viral epitopes. In an established mouse model, we demonstrate that CARTs preferentially target professional APCs in secondary lymphoid organs upon i.v. injections and target local APCs upon s.c. injection. Finally, we show that CARTs coformulated with mRNA and a Toll-like receptor ligand simultaneously transfect and activate target cells to generate an immune response that can treat and cure mice with large, established tumors.
Bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) (2001)

(Cp2Ti(OSO2CF3)2) (1) [76262-87-8] C12H10F6O6S2Ti (MW 476.20) InChI = 1S/2C5H5.2CHF3O3S.Ti/c2*1-2-4-5-3-1;2*2-1(3,4)8(5,6)7;/h2*1-5H;2*(H,5,6,7);/q;;;;+2/p-2 InChIKey = ARUXRBUQJOYABI-UHFFFAOYSA-L (Cp2Zr(OSO2CF3)2) (2) [94728-52-6] C12H10F6O6S2Zr (MW 519.54) InChI = 1S/2C5H5.2CHF3O3S.Zr/c2*1-2-4-5-3-1;2*2-1(3,4)8(5,6)7;/h2*1-5H;2*(H,5,6,7);/q;;;;+2/p-2 InChIKey = VIORRMXBKMYJNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L (Cp*2Ti(OH2)22+) (3) [121266-23-7] C20H34O2Ti (MW 354.37) InChI = 1S/2C10H15.2H2O.Ti/c2*1-6-7(2)9(4)10(5)8(6)3;;;/h2*1-5H3;2*1H2;/q;;;;+2 InChIKey = QIRKOYCJAJSKJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (catalyst for Diels–Alder reaction, Mukaiyama crossed-aldol reaction, and Sakurai reaction) Physical Data: (1) red crystals; 1H NMR (CD3NO2) δ 7.06 (s). An X-ray crystal structure has been reported.2 Solubility: sol CH2Cl2, MeNO2; insol benzene, hexane. Analysis of Reagent Purity: NMR, elemental analysis. Preparative Method: 1, 2 Cp2Ti(OSO2CF3)2 is prepared by treatment of a 0.06 M THF solution of Dichlorobis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium with 5.5 equiv of a 0.19 M THF solution of Silver(I) Trifluoromethanesulfonate. After stirring for 15 min the reaction mixture is filtered, the red filtrate is layered with hexane, and the resulting red crystals are collected. Recrystallization from CH2Cl2/pentane or THF/hexane affords Cp2Ti(OSO2CF3)2 (25–30%) as red needles. The precursors (Cp2TiCl2 and AgOSO2CF3) are widely available. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: Cp2Ti(OSO2CF3)2 and Cp2Zr(OSO2CF3)2 can be handled for short periods of time in air, but are best handled and stored in a glove box. Both can be prepared in situ. The pentamethylcyclopentadienyl analog Cp*2Ti(OH2)22+ is air and water stable. Titanium(IV) is reputed to be of low toxicity.
Effect of Antihypertensive Treatment in Elderly Hypertensive Patients with Cardiac Hypertrophy. (1992)

In elderly hypertensive patients effect of antihypertensive treatment with Ca antagonist or ACE inhibitor on the heart were examined. Twenty-four elderly hypertensive patients with cardiac hypertrophy, aged 65-79 years old (mean +/- SEM, 71 +/- 1) were treated with Ca antagonist (nifedipine or nicardipine) or ACE inhibitor (captopril or enalapril) for 3 months. Thirteen patients had essential hypertension (EH: SBP greater than or equal to 160 mmHg and DBP greater than or equal to 95 mmHg, 70 +/- 1 years) and 11 had isolated systolic hypertension (ISH: SBP greater than or equal to 160 mmHg and DBP less than 95 mmHg, 74 +/- 2 years). Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were measured every two weeks. In all patients, M-mode echocardiography was performed to measure left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and ejection fraction (EF), and the sympathetic nervous (plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine) and the renin-angiotensin system (plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration), were assessed before and after 3 months of treatment. BP significantly decreased from 174 +/- 3/97 +/- 1 to 149 +/- 4/84 +/- 2 mmHg in EH and from 167 +/- 3/82 +/- 2 to 144 +/- 4/74 +/- 2 mmHg in ISH. LVMI was significantly reduced from 204 +/- 14 to 174 +/- 16 g/m2 in EH and from 179 +/- 14 to 156 +/- 12 g/m2 in ISH. EF showed no significant changes in either group. In ISH, the change in LVMI was significantly correlated with the change in systolic BP (r = 0.74, p less than 0.05). In EH, there was no significant relation between BP and LVMI changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Broadband picosecond-pumped OPCPA delivering 5 TW, sub-7 fs pulses with excellent temporal contrast (2017)

Summary form only given. The Petawatt Field Synthesizer (PFS) under construction at the Max-Planck Institute for Quantum Optics is an optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) system designed to generate few-cycle pulses with petawatt-scale peak power [1, 2]. Such pulses are of high interest for laser-matter interaction experiments, for example for the generation of isolated attosecond pulses with unprecedented efficiency [3]. Here we report on the current performance and upgrade plans of the OPCPA chain of PFS.
RF NMOS switch with dedicated sinks for reduced leakage current (2017)

In this paper we introduce a method to significantly reduce the substrate leakage current in an RF NMOS switch device without degrading the device figure-of-merit (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> ×C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> ), and with no increase in device complexity. This is based on modifying the structure layout, and introducing dedicated sinks. These sinks prevent the substrate's minority carriers from reaching the source/drain regions, thereby removing it from the signal path. In addition, this approach allows independent tuning of two parameters, leakage and R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> ×C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> figure-of-merit.
Development and Application of a Fast-Response Total Temperature Probe for Turbomachinery (2016)

The measurement of unsteady total temperature is of great interest for the examination of loss mechanisms in turbomachinery with respect to the improvement of the efficiency. Since conventional thermocouples are limited in frequency response, several fast-response total temperature probes have been developed over the past years. To improve the spatial resolution compared to these existing probes and maintaining a high temporal resolution, a new fast-response total temperature probe has been developed at the Institute of Aircraft Propulsion Systems (ILA) in cooperation with Berns Engineers. The design of the probe allows a sensitive measuring surface below one square millimeter. A detailed insight into the design of the probe, the measurement principle, the calibration process, and an estimation of the measurement uncertainty is given in the present paper. Furthermore, to prove the functionality of the probe, first experimental results of a simple test bed and of area traverses downstream of the first rotor of a two-stage low pressure turbine are presented. It is shown, that the new probe is capable of detecting rotor characteristic effects as well as rotor-stator-interactions. In addition, a hot-spot is investigated downstream of the first rotor of the turbine and the findings are compared to effects known from literature.
Electrophoretic techniques applied to the detection and analysis of the human microsatellite DG10s478. (2007)

Short nucleotide repetitions (STRs) are commonly used as genetic markers; thus their detection and analysis constitutes a very important tool for the mapping of genetic diseases, as well as for gathering information about genetic polymorphisms at the population level. STRs can be detected with agarose- or acrylamide-based electrophoretic techniques, followed by visualization of the DNA sample with ethidium bromide, silver nitrate, or fluorophore labeling. In this work, we analyzed genomic DNA from five individuals affected with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and five controls (unaffected individuals) in order to know the most precise and reproducible technique for the analysis of the existing polymorphism in the STR DG10S478 of the TCF7L2 gene. The combination of PCR with labeling of the products with the CY5 fluorophore, followed by detection on an ALFexpress sequencer, offered the required resolution to detect the variability in this STR, based solely on size analysis. Our methodology offers similar accuracy and reproducibility at lower costs than existing methods based on the sequencing of PCR products, and is a faster alternative when applied to genotyping studies.
Mammalian γ2 AMPK regulates intrinsic heart rate (2017)

AMPK is a conserved serine/threonine kinase whose activity maintains cellular energy homeostasis. Eukaryotic AMPK exists as αβγ complexes, whose regulatory γ subunit confers energy sensor function by binding adenine nucleotides. Humans bearing activating mutations in the γ2 subunit exhibit a phenotype including unexplained slowing of heart rate (bradycardia). Here, we show that γ2 AMPK activation downregulates fundamental sinoatrial cell pacemaker mechanisms to lower heart rate, including sarcolemmal hyperpolarization-activated current (I <sub>f</sub>) and ryanodine receptor-derived diastolic local subsarcolemmal Ca<sup>2+</sup> release. In contrast, loss of γ2 AMPK induces a reciprocal phenotype of increased heart rate, and prevents the adaptive intrinsic bradycardia of endurance training. Our results reveal that in mammals, for which heart rate is a key determinant of cardiac energy demand, AMPK functions in an organ-specific manner to maintain cardiac energy homeostasis and determines cardiac physiological adaptation to exercise by modulating intrinsic sinoatrial cell behavior.