gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shaping Effective Practices for Incorporating Sustainability Assessment in Manuscripts Submitted to ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering: Catalysis and Catalytic Processes (2021)

The principles of green chemistry and green engineering provide guidelines for choosing reagents, catalysts, and operating conditions aimed at minimizing adverse effects of catalysts and catalytic processes on human health and the environment. The use of these qualitative principles in assessing the sustainability of catalysts and catalytic process concepts remains valuable. However, the editors of ACS Sustainable Chemistry &amp; Engineering (ACS SCE) expect greater implementation of sustainability metrics to quantify the extent to which the adverse effects of incumbent catalytic technologies are mitigated by the innovations described in manuscripts submitted to the journal. Authors are strongly encouraged to adopt these quantitative analyses not only to identify and quantify the contributions to sustainability of innovations reported in manuscripts but to also reveal economic and environmental problem areas that must still be addressed in future research to achieve a sustainable process.(1) The outcomes of such analyses also inform investments in research that will eventually lead to the commercialization of green chemical technologies. This editorial suggests guidelines for incorporating quantitative sustainability assessments in manuscripts describing catalytic processes. We have classified the guidelines based on the types of manuscripts we receive in the area of catalysis. Please note that guidelines for electrocatalysis will be provided in a separate editorial on sustainability metrics for electrochemical processes and will appear later this year.
Racing for a SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine (2021)

Interview with EMBO Members Özlem Türeci and Uğur Şahin, BioNTech, conducted by science journalist Kai Kupferschmidt.
ChemInform Abstract: KOMPLEXCHEMIE REAKTIVER ORGANISCHER VERBINDUNGEN 8. MITT. UEBER DIE BILDUNG VON MY‐CARBIN‐ UND PI‐ALKIN‐KOMPLEXEN AUS MERCURIERTEN DIAZOVERBINDUNGEN (1975)

Abstract In siedendem Äther reagieren (I) und (II) zu einem Produkt (V) mit Alkoxycarbonylcarbin als neutralem Dreielektronen‐Brückenliganden und einer Verbindung (VI) mit einer Hg‐Br‐ und einer Acetylendicarbonsäureester‐Gruppe in cis‐Stellung (IR‐Spektren), in dem die Drehung des Alkin‐Liganden um seine Bindungsachse zum Zentralatom behindert ist (lH‐NMR‐Spektrum).
Bilirubin Adsorption with DPMAS: Mechanism of Action and Efficacy of Anion Exchange Resin (2023)

Acute liver failure and acute-on-chronic liver failure are conditions in which the loss of metabolic function of the liver leads to the accumulation of several toxins such as bilirubin. Patients with sepsis or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome have a greater risk of developing liver failure, and hyperbilirubinemia is associated with poor prognosis. Bilirubin removal may not only alleviate signs and symptoms of liver dysfunction but also act as an index of removal of albumin-bound toxins. Conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin, due to their molecular weight and albumin-binding capacity, respectively, cannot be removed by classic dialysis; therefore, different extracorporeal techniques have been developed to remove bilirubin from the blood. Plasma adsorption perfusion is an extracorporeal liver support technique in which bilirubin is removed from the plasma through a specific adsorbing cartridge. Double plasma molecular adsorption system adds a broad-spectrum adsorption column for the removal of inflammatory mediators and antibodies and other medium toxins. Their use in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia has been established with several emerging data indicating their efficacy when compared to other extracorporeal techniques. However, bilirubin adsorption kinetics has not been sufficiently elucidated, and more studies are needed to improve the quality of treatment in terms of timing and prescriptions.
Evolution of haplotypes at the DRD2 locus. (1995)

We present here the first evolutionary perspective on haplotypes at DRD2, the locus for the dopamine D2 receptor. The dopamine D2 receptor plays a critical role in the functioning of many neural circuits in the human brain. If functionally relevant variation at the DRD2 locus exists, understanding the evolution of haplotypes on the basis of polymorphic sites encompassing the gene should provide a powerful framework for identifying that variation. Three DRD2 polymorphisms (TaqI "A" and "B" RFLPs and the (CA)n short tandem repeat polymorphic in all the populations studied, and they display strong and significant linkage disequilibria with each other. The common haplotypes for the two TaqI RFLPs are separately derived from the ancestral haplotype but predate the spread of modern humans around the world. The knowledge of how the various haplotypes have evolved, the allele frequencies of the haplotypes in human populations, and the physical relationships of the polymorphisms to each other and to the functional parts of the gene should now allow proper design and interpretation of association studies.
Experimental study on conduction current of positive nanosecond-pulse diffuse discharge at atmospheric pressure (2013)

Nanosecond pulsed discharges have various discharge modes, such as corona, diffuse discharge, spark or arc. A dense diffuse discharge is particularly desirable for various applications at atmospheric pressure. In this paper, a magnetic-compression pulse generator was used to produce repetitive positive nanosecond pulses for excitation of a diffuse discharge. The output pulse of the generator had a rise time of about 25 ns and a full width at half maximum of 40 ns. Electrical characteristics of the diffuse discharge were studied by measuring its voltage and current waveforms, as well as images of the discharge. The conduction current was calculated by the measured voltage and current, which was a true discharge current. The experimental results show that a stable diffuse discharge could be obtained at atmospheric pressure, and the conduction current was unipolar and had similar amplitude of several amperes under our experimental condition, which has the similar amplitude with the displacement current. Furthermore, the air gap spacing and pulse repetition frequency (PRF) affected the intensity and mode transition of the diffuse discharge. The conduction current increased with the PRF but decreased with the air gap spacing. Therefore, the diffuse discharge was likely available under some conditions of proper air gap, high PRF with positive pulse.
Keynote (2015)

Cluster management is the set of tools and processes that Google uses to control the computing infrastructure in our data centers and support almost all of our external services. It includes allocating resources to different applications on our fleet of computers, looking after software installations and hardware, monitoring, and many other things. Much of the talk will be about lesson's we've learned from the challenges that we face, driven by the scale at which we operate, an acute awareness of failures, and the drive to provide ever-better service-levels while curbing complexity. We certainly don't have all the answers, but we do have some pretty impressive systems.
Depression and Severe Heart Failure: Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (2012)

We found a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients receiving CRT systems. Patients with depression should not be excluded from CRT, because they demonstrate a similar rate of response than the persons without depression and the responders are less likely to be depressed at 6 months.
Design and characterization of a 12.8GB/s low power differential memory system for mobile applications (2009)

This paper describes the design and characterization of a low power differential memory interface targeted for mobile applications. The initial design of the memory interface achieves 2.7 to 4.3 GB/s data bandwidth and consumes 3.3 mW/Gb/s at 4.3 GB/s operation. The design allows two x16 stacked dies to be fit into a 12 mm PoP package, achieving a 12.8GB/s aggregated data bandwidth based on 3.2 Gb/s per pin. A low swing signaling based on a voltage-mode differential driver is reviewed and its performance is analyzed. We demonstrate that, compared to LPDDR2 memory interface based on single-ended signaling, the differential memory interface overcomes most of channel related issues such as crosstalk and SSO noise and provides a very clean channel response. Thus, the resulting extra system margin can be used to compensate for extra timing jitter and system noise, enabling lower power and lower system cost. To evaluate the impact of timing jitter and system noise to system performance, a statistical link modeling and simulation methodology is employed. Two test systems are built based on wirebond-based Package-on-Package (PoP) and BGA-based Chip-to-Chip (C2C) module to characterize the memory system performance and to validate the memory statistical link model. The correlation result showed a good agreement in the system bit error rates (BER) between measurement and simulation.
Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone add-on therapy on mood, decision making and subsequent relapse of polydrug users (2015)

A major problem in the treatment of addiction is predicting and preventing relapse following a rehabilitation program. Recently, in preclinical rodent studies dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was found to markedly improve the resistance to drug reuse. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we examined the effect of DHEA on relapse rates in adult polydrug users taking part in a detoxification program enriched with intensive psychosocial interventions and aftercare. During treatment, participants (79 percent males, mean age 28) consumed DHEA (100 mg/day) or placebo daily for at least 30 days. Of the 121 initial volunteers, 64 participated for at least 1 month. While in treatment, DHEA reduced negative affect on the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (F = 4.25, P = 0.04). Furthermore, in a 16-month follow-up, we found that reuse rates in the DHEA condition were about a third compared with placebo (12 versus 38 percent; χ(2) = 5.03, P = 0.02). DHEA treatment also resulted in an increase in DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S) 1 month following treatment, and the level of DHEA-S predicted relapse in the follow-up assessment.
Sintering of oxide-free copper pastes for the attachment of SiC power devices (2019)

The introduction of wide-band-gap semiconductors such as silicon carbide (SiC) in power electronic devices has allowed operation temperatures beyond 300°C. However, these high operational temperatures are not suitable for traditional die-attach materials such as solder. Therefore, a bonding material that is stable beyond 300°C, with high electrical and thermal conductivities and low cost is essential. In this regard, copper (Cu) nanoparticle-based pastes are promising candidates due to their stability at high temperatures and elevated thermal and electrical conductivities. Furthermore, the recent introduction of oxide-free Cu pastes based on amine-passivated Cu nanoparticles enables these materials to be processed in inert atmosphere.We report here on attaching SiC dies to direct-bonded copper ceramic substrates by sintering oxide-free Cu pastes. Applying bonding pressure during sintering improves the die-attach quality by reducing the percentage of residual voids and increasing shear strength. We succeeded in further reducing the percentage of voids by using a paste containing a solvent with a low boiling point and high vapor pressure. Furthermore, we developed a novel dual-layer process to deposit Cu paste that yields residual percentages of voids in the die attach as low as 5% and a shear strength of 29 MPa. Finally, the reliability of the die attach by oxide-free Cu paste was investigated with thermal shock cycling.
The Expression of IL-12 p40 and Its Homologue, Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Gene 3, in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2001)

IL-12 p40 expression in CD is heterogeneous. In contrast, expression of the IL-12 p40 homologue, EBI3, is up-regulated in nearly all UC cases and in a subset of CD.
Improved Pt Aluminide Coatings Using CVD and Novel Platinum Electroplating (1998)

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an old coating technology, but it was not successfully utilized to aluminize gas turbine hardware until recently (1989). In CVD aluminizing, the use of multiple, independently controlled, low temperature, external, metal halide generators combined with computer control of all process variables gives flexibility and consistent quality that is not possible with any other aluminizing process. It has been shown that harmful coating impurities (such as sulfur and boron etc.) can be transported to a coating from a high temperature aluminum source in the coating chamber during aluminizing. Representative processes include: pack cementation, above the pack, SNECMA, and high activity CVD. In contrast, it has also been demonstrated that CVD low activity aluminizing removes harmful impurities (S, P, B &amp; W etc.) from the coating during deposition. Furthermore, clean, low activity coatings (simple aluminide MDC-210 or platinum modified MDC-150L) have been shown to exhibit superior oxidation resistance compared to similar coatings made by other aluminizing processes. A second significant source of impurities in platinum modified aluminide diffusion coatings is electroplating, that is, plating bath components (S, P, CI, K, Ca etc.) are codeposited with the platinum, and these impurities can have either a beneficial (K&amp;Ca) or a detrimental (S,P&amp;Cl) influence upon the oxidation resistance of the product coating. The results of investigations on the transport of impurities during aluminizing and electroplating, plus the influence of these impurities on oxidation resistance of the product coatings will be presented and discussed.
Spin-polarized electron transport through graphene nanoribbon with zigzag edges (2011)

We investigate the electron transport through a graphene nanoribbon (GNR) junction with zigzag edges. It is shown that the edge state and the magnetization properties of a GNR greatly influence its electron transport properties. By applying sufficient back-gate voltages to the lead parts of a zigzag GNR, the magnetization of the edges is quenched in the leadings parts, but is preserved in the center part of the junction. Without applying external transverse electric field, we show that, by preparing the junction in a ferromagnetic state, a strongly spin-polarized electron current can be obtained even though the incident electron current has no spin polarization.
SERUM SEX HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETIC WOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT AMENORRHOEA (1985)

Abnormal steroid secretion may contribute to anovulation in insulin dependent diabetic patients with amenorrhoea. We have measured serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and free and bound oestrogen and androgen levels in 17 such patients. As controls we included 17 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and normal menstrual cycles, 21 regularly menstruating normal women (both sampled during early follicular phase), and 23 non-diabetic patients with amenorrhoea. The diabetic patients with normal cycles had significantly higher serum concentrations of delta 4-androstenedione and testosterone than the normal women (P less than 0.01). The amenorrhoeic diabetics in contrast had significantly lower serum concentrations of SHBG, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and free and total oestradiol-17 beta than either group of menstruating women (P less than 0.05), and significantly lower concentrations of delta 4-androstenedione (P less than 0.01), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (P less than 0.01), testosterone (P less than 0.01), and oestrone (P less than 0.05), than the cycling diabetics. The two amenorrhoeic groups had similar free and bound sex hormone concentrations except that delta 4-androstenedione levels were significantly lower in the diabetics (P less than 0.01). We conclude that the low sex hormone levels in diabetic women with amenorrhea may be due to suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in view of the impaired LH secretion found in these patients and that excess androgen secretion seems not to be of aetiological importance in amenorrhea related to diabetes mellitus. The decreased steroid levels in amenorrheic diabetics is due to their suppressed ovarian function while the increased androgen levels in diabetics with regular cycles are probably of ovarian origin.
Cathepsin g degrades synovial fluid lubricin: relevance for osteoarthritis pathogenesis (2019)

Abstract Lubricin (PRG4) is a mucin type protein that plays an important role in maintaining normal joint function by providing lubrication and chondroprotection. Improper lubricin modification and degradation has been observed in idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA), while the detailed mechanism still remains unknown. We hypothesized that the protease cathepsin G (CG) may participate in degrading lubricin in synovial fluid (SF). The presence of endogenous CG in SF was confirmed in 16 patients with knee OA. Recombinant human lubricin (rhPRG4) and native lubricin purified from the SF of patients were incubated with exogenous CG and lubricin degradation was monitored using western blot, staining by Coomassie or Periodic Acid-Schiff in gels, and with proteomics. Full length lubricin (∼300 kDa), was efficiently digested with CG generating a 25-kDa protein fragment, originating from the densely glycosylated mucin domain (∼250 kDa). The 25-kDa fragment was present in the SF from OA patients, and the amount was increased after incubation with CG. A CG digest of rhPRG4 revealed 135 peptides and 72 glycopeptides, and confirmed that the protease could cleave in different domains of lubricin. Our results suggest that synovial CG may take part in the degradation of lubricin, which could affect the lubrication of OA joints.
Comparative study between capsular repair and non capsular repair after hip arthroscopy in treatment of femroacetabular impingement (2023)

Methods: This retrospective study was held between 2018 and 2022 was conducted on patients with femoro-acetabular impingement who were treated with hip arthroscopy with particular reference wherther the capsule is repaired or not with 20 patients for each group,gathering data Inclusion criteria:1-Age (20-50) years 2-patients with appropriate symptoms and clinical signs for FAI; failure of conservative care 3-Radiographic evidence of cam-, pincer-, or combined-type impingement in the form of anteroposterior, 45 Dunn-view and frog leg radiographs imaging: magnetic resonance imaging or magnetic resonance arthrography. treatment.,Exclusion criteria 1-Extremes of age (less than 20 ,more than 50) 2-patients with osteoarthritis (Tonnis grade 2 or higher),3- Patient withhistory of rheumatologic disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis history, previous hip procedures, severe dysplasia or septic arthritis4- Death of the patient during the follow-up Clinical outcome scores were collected preoperatively and at the latest follow-up time postoperatively andcompared between the 2 groups. Results: twenty patients (11 female patients, 9 male patients) without repair of the capsulotomy were matched, and 20 patients with repaired capsulotomy( 7 females ,13 males). The averageage for both groups was (41.05 ± 3.32,31.80 ±2.71),respectively.The mean follow-up time was 8.55 ± years and 3.05 ± 1.15 years for the nonrepair and repair group, respectively. Patients in the repair group is statistically significant better scores post-operative than pre-operative in capsular group There is statistically significant better scores post-operative than pre-operative in non-capsular groupHowever There is no statistically significant difference between patients who do capsular and noncapsular repair as regard the pre-operative scoring system.
Use of the isolated problem approach for multi-compartment BEM models of electro-magnetic source imaging (2005)

The isolated problem approach (IPA) is a method used in the boundary element method (BEM) to overcome numerical inaccuracies caused by the high-conductivity difference in the skull and the brain tissues in the head. Hämäläinen and Sarvas (1989 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 36 165-71) described how the source terms can be updated to overcome these inaccuracies for a three-layer head model. Meijs et al (1989 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 36 1038-49) derived the integral equations for the general case where there are an arbitrary number of layers inside the skull. However, the IPA is used in the literature only for three-layer head models. Studies that use complex boundary element head models that investigate the inhomogeneities in the brain or model the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) do not make use of the IPA. In this study, the generalized formulation of the IPA for multi-layer models is presented in terms of integral equations. The discretized version of these equations are presented in two different forms. In a previous study (Akalin-Acar and Gençer 2004 Phys. Med. Biol. 49 5011-28), we derived formulations to calculate the electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography transfer matrices assuming a single layer in the skull. In this study, the transfer matrix formulations are updated to incorporate the generalized IPA. The effects of the IPA are investigated on the accuracy of spherical and realistic models when the CSF layer and a tumour tissue are included in the model. It is observed that, in the spherical model, for a radial dipole 1 mm close to the brain surface, the relative difference measure (RDM*) drops from 1.88 to 0.03 when IPA is used. For the realistic model, the inclusion of the CSF layer does not change the field pattern significantly. However, the inclusion of an inhomogeneity changes the field pattern by 25% for a dipole oriented towards the inhomogeneity. The effect of the IPA is also investigated when there is an inhomogeneity in the brain. In addition to a considerable change in the scale of the potentials, the field pattern also changes by 15%. The computation times are presented for the multi-layer realistic head model.
ECON: Explicit Clothed humans Optimized via Normal integration (2022)

The combination of deep learning, artist-curated scans, and Implicit Functions (IF), is enabling the creation of detailed, clothed, 3D humans from images. However, existing methods are far from perfect. IF-based methods recover free-form geometry, but produce disembodied limbs or degenerate shapes for novel poses or clothes. To increase robustness for these cases, existing work uses an explicit parametric body model to constrain surface reconstruction, but this limits the recovery of free-form surfaces such as loose clothing that deviates from the body. What we want is a method that combines the best properties of implicit representation and explicit body regularization. To this end, we make two key observations: (1) current networks are better at inferring detailed 2D maps than full-3D surfaces, and (2) a parametric model can be seen as a "canvas" for stitching together detailed surface patches. Based on these, our method, ECON, has three main steps: (1) It infers detailed 2D normal maps for the front and back side of a clothed person. (2) From these, it recovers 2.5D front and back surfaces, called d-BiNI, that are equally detailed, yet incomplete, and registers these w.r.t. each other with the help of a SMPL-X body mesh recovered from the image. (3) It "inpaints" the missing geometry between d-BiNI surfaces. If the face and hands are noisy, they can optionally be replaced with the ones of SMPL-X. As a result, ECON infers high-fidelity 3D humans even in loose clothes and challenging poses. This goes beyond previous methods, according to the quantitative evaluation on the CAPE and Renderpeople datasets. Perceptual studies also show that ECON's perceived realism is better by a large margin. Code and models are available for research purposes at econ.is.tue.mpg.de