gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MemChar: Portable Low-Power and Low-Cost Characterization Tool for Memristor Devices (2022)

Recently, Memristor (MR) device has received much attention in many applications, including memory, computing, neuromorphic, sensing, and security. Electrical characterization and testing of MR are among the main challenges facing MR technology. Available MR characterization tools are costly and bulky, limiting the research contributions in this field to big institutions. Furthermore, there is a need for a portable testing platform that provides the means to extract MR parameters, mainly when used in sensing or security applications. This work proposes a novel power-efficient, cost-effective, lightweight, and automated Arduino-based MR characterization platform named MemChar. A detailed circuit and system implementation of MemChar are presented. MemChar functionality results are compared to industry-standard device parameter analyzer tools, i.e., Keithley 4200A, with excellent correlation. MemChar is an easy-to-implement and user-friendly platform that provides a significant milestone toward utilizing MR devices in mobile, IoT, and sensing applications.
Influence of Condyle Trajectory on Biomechanical Condition in TMJ (2003)

Temporomandibular joint(TMJ) disorder relates to the mechanical irregularity of the structual joint components, and disc and behevior of retrodiscal tissue is considered as a key to understand the biomechanical condition in the TMJ. Permanent anterior disc displacement and derangement are typical finding in TMJ disorder. The mouth opening motion naturally induces the anterior disc displacement tentatively even in normal TMJ. Since the condyle motion has the direct influence on the soft tissue stress, this study examined the possibility of the rearrangement of stress in disc and retrodiscal tissue by adjusting the condyle trajectory in the context of finite element analysis with individual modeling.
Supplementary Figure 3 from miR-30-5p Functions as a Tumor Suppressor and Novel Therapeutic Tool by Targeting the Oncogenic Wnt/β-Catenin/BCL9 Pathway (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1392KB, BMSCs decrease miR-30s levels, and enforced expression of miR-30s inhibits CAM-DR in MM cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Feedback analysis of the behavior of the renin‐angiotensin system under inhibition of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (1988)

It was previously shown that autoregressive modeling can be used for feedback analysis in the body. We used this method to investigate the dynamic changes in and around the renin-angiotensin system in vivo induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Long-term studies were performed on rabbits, which were given a daily injection of one of the following ACE inhibitors: captopril, foroxymithine, or histargin. For comparison, other rabbits received injections of saline or the renin inhibitor pepstatin. Autoregressive coefficients were computed from the raw data thus observed and were used to simulate the impulse-response function proper to each animal. The response of each animal estimated in this way exposed the effects of ACE inhibitors in vivo which were obscured by the feedback regulation of the renin-angiotensin system. Also, it was suggested that histargin has a peculiar action, blocking the negative feedback that would be elicited by the usual ACE inhibition. Feedback analysis seems to be essential to elucidate the in vivo effects of enzyme inhibitors.
Introduction to diffraction (2003)

Diffraction can be treated as a highly theoretical subject, although the under lying process can be visualised quite readily. It is usually interpreted in terms of the wave nature of electromagnetic radiation, although there is an argument that quantum uncertainty provides a better physical description. Whatever the case, this chapter uses the concept of radiowaves to describe the cause and effects of diffraction.
Greek flora as a source of new anti-oxidant, anti-elastase, anti-collagenase and anti-hyaluronidase natural agents (2016)

In order to investigate new cosmetic ingredients of natural origin, 50 plant extracts obtained from Greek flora were screened for their capacity to scavenge free radicals and inhibit enzymes related to skin ageing. Degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) has directly been linked to skin ageing and is correlated to increase in activity of enzymes such as elastase, collagenase and hyaluronidase. Elastin, collagen and hyaluronic acid decrease, leading to a loss of strength and flexibility in skin and formation of deep wrinkles. Also free radicals induce the activity of these enzymes [1,2]. Discovery of bioactive molecules which show both anti-oxidant and anti-ageing properties is the target of the present study. Anti-elastase, anti-collagenase and anti-hyaluronidase activities of 50 methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Radical scavenging activity was determined by the ability of the extracts to scavenge DPPH and ABTS radicals. The majority of the samples especially the methanolic extracts showed high anti-oxidant capacity, e.g. Rosa damascena extract exhibited IC50 value at 47.6 µg/ml. In anti-elastase assay 8 extracts showed more than 50% inhibition at 100 µg/ml, in anti-collagenase assay 15 extracts showed more than 60% inhibiton at 100 µg/ml and in anti-hyaluronidase assay 8 extracts showed more than 80% inhibition at 300 µg/ml. The methanolic extracts of Sedum sediforme and Umbilicus horizontalis aerial parts inhibited elastase and hyaluronidase by more than 85%. Rosa damascena inhibited 80% of collagenase activity at 100 µg/ml. Antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the plant extracts suggest that they can restore skin elasticity and delay wrinkling process. Bioguided isolation process was performed in order to reveal the active secondary metabolites. In the case of Rosa damascena quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-glucopyranoside, phenylethanol were proved to exhibit high anti-collagenase activity.
Localizing graphene at the interface of cocontinuous polymer blends: Morphology, rheology, and conductivity of cocontinuous conductive polymer composites (2017)

Interfacial localization of graphene in cocontinuous polymer blends is shown to be effective in stabilizing the cocontinuous morphology and increasing conductivity with a low electrical percolation threshold. We created polylactic acid (PLA) and polystyrene (PS) cocontinuous blends filled with thermally reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) localized at the interface. The resulting conductive composites show dramatically improved conductivity at low filler loadings and an ultralow percolation threshold of 0.028 vol. %. We systematically studied the changes of conductivity and rheology of the PLA-PS composites during annealing. We found that r-GO transfers from the PLA phase to the interface during melt compounding and annealing and forms a spanning 3D network, which effectively suppresses the coarsening of the cocontinuous structure. Our study demonstrated that the 3D r-GO network significantly increases the conductivity and the storage modulus of the melt blends. Finally, we constructed a simple model, which quantitatively explains the correlations between structural, electrical, and rheological properties of conductive polymer composites.
Template-Free Vapor-Phase Growth of Patrónite by Atomic Layer Deposition (2017)

Despite challenges to control stoichiometry in the vanadium–sulfur system, template-free growth of patrónite, VS4, thin films is demonstrated for the first time. A novel atomic layer deposition (ALD) process enables the growth of phase pure films and the study of electrical and vibrational properties of the quasi-one-dimensional (1D) transition metal sulfide. Self-limiting surface chemistry during ALD of VS4 is established via in situ quartz crystal microbalance and quadrupole mass spectrometry between 150 and 200 °C. The V precursor, unconventionally, sheds all organic components in the first half-cycle, while the H2S half-cycle generates the disulfide dimer moiety, S2–2, and oxidizes V3+ to V4+. X-ray analysis establishes VS4 crystallinity and phase purity, as well as a self-limiting growth rate of 0.33 Å/cy, modest roughness of 2.4 nm, and expected density of 2.7 g/cm3. Phase pure films enable a new assignment of vibrational modes and corresponding Raman activity of VS4 that is corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, at elevated growth temperatures, a change in the surface mechanism provides a synthetic route to a second vanadium–sulfur phase, V2S3.
The CARLSBAD Database: A Confederated Database of Chemical Bioactivities (2013)

Many bioactivity databases offer information regarding the biological activity of small molecules on protein targets. Information in these databases is often hard to resolve with certainty because of subsetting different data in a variety of formats; use of different bioactivity metrics; use of different identifiers for chemicals and proteins; and having to access different query interfaces, respectively. Given the multitude of data sources, interfaces and standards, it is challenging to gather relevant facts and make appropriate connections and decisions regarding chemical-protein associations. The CARLSBAD database has been developed as an integrated resource, focused on high-quality subsets from several bioactivity databases, which are aggregated and presented in a uniform manner, suitable for the study of the relationships between small molecules and targets. In contrast to data collection resources, CARLSBAD provides a single normalized activity value of a given type for each unique chemical-protein target pair. Two types of scaffold perception methods have been implemented and are available for datamining: HierS (hierarchical scaffolds) and MCES (maximum common edge subgraph). The 2012 release of CARLSBAD contains 439 985 unique chemical structures, mapped onto 1,420 889 unique bioactivities, and annotated with 277 140 HierS scaffolds and 54 135 MCES chemical patterns, respectively. Of the 890 323 unique structure-target pairs curated in CARLSBAD, 13.95% are aggregated from multiple structure-target values: 94 975 are aggregated from two bioactivities, 14 544 from three, 7 930 from four and 2214 have five bioactivities, respectively. CARLSBAD captures bioactivities and tags for 1435 unique chemical structures of active pharmaceutical ingredients (i.e. 'drugs'). CARLSBAD processing resulted in a net 17.3% data reduction for chemicals, 34.3% reduction for bioactivities, 23% reduction for HierS and 25% reduction for MCES, respectively. The CARLSBAD database supports a knowledge mining system that provides non-specialists with novel integrative ways of exploring chemical biology space to facilitate knowledge mining in drug discovery and repurposing.
Using Sound to Synthesize Covalent Organic Frameworks in Water (2021)

Most covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are synthesized using solvothermal conditions (&gt;120 °C, &gt;72 h) in harmful organic solvents. We report a strategy for rapidly synthesizing imine-linked COFs (&lt; 60 min) in aqueous acetic acid using sonochemistry, avoiding most of the downsides of solvothermal methods. We first synthesized seven known COFs using this method and obtained crystallinity and porosity comparable to or better than materials from previously reported solvothermal routes. This sonochemical method even works in highly sustainable solvents, such as food-grade vinegar. The generality of the method was demonstrated by preparing two unreported COFs. Finally, we showed that one sonochemical COF is an excellent photocatalyst for sacrificial hydrogen evolution from water with a more sustained catalytic performance than its solvothermal analog. The speed, ease and generality of this sonochemical method with no sacrifice in material quality makes it an enabling methodology for rapid discovery of new functional COF materials.
A quintessential introduction to dark energy (2003)

Most of the energy in the Universe consists of some form of dark energy that is gravitationally self-repulsive and that is causing the expansion of the Universe to accelerate. The possible candidates are a vacuum energy density (or, equivalently, a cosmological constant) and quintessence, a time-evolving, spatially inhomogeneous component with negative pressure. In this review, we focus on quintessence and ideas on how it might solve the cosmic coincidence problem, how it might be distinguished observationally from a cosmological constant, and how it may affect the overall cosmic history of the Universe.
Activation of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor reduces bronchoconstriction and microvascular leakage in a rabbit model of gastroesophageal reflux (2005)

1. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is the endogenous peptide ligand for a specific G-protein coupled receptor, the N/OFQ peptide receptor (NOP). The N/OFQ-NOP receptor system has been reported to play an important role in pain, anxiety and appetite regulation. In airways, N/OFQ was found to inhibit the release of tachykinins and the bronchoconstriction and cough provoked by capsaicin. 2. Here we evaluated the effects of NOP receptor activation in bronchoconstriction and airway microvascular leakage induced by intraesophageal (i.oe.) hydrochloric acid (HCl) instillation in rabbits. We also tested the effects of NOP receptor activation in SP-induced plasma extravasation and bronchoconstriction. 3. In anesthetized New Zealand rabbits bronchopulmonary function (total lung resistance (R(L)) and dynamic compliance (C(dyn))) and airway microvascular leakage (extravasation of Evans blue dye) were evaluated. 4. Infusion of i.oe. HCl (1 N) led to a significant increase in bronchoconstriction and plasma extravasation in the main bronchi and trachea of rabbits pretreated with propranolol, atropine and phosphoramidon. 5. Bronchoconstriction and airway microvascular leakage were inhibited by N/OFQ (3-30 microg kg(-1) i.v.) in a dose-dependent manner. The NOP receptor agonist [Arg14,Lys15]N/OFQ mimicked the inhibitory effect of N/OFQ, being 10-fold more potent, UFP-101, a peptide selective NOP receptor antagonist, blocked the inhibitory effects of both agonists. 6. Under the same experimental conditions, N/OFQ and [Arg14,Lys15]N/OFQ did not counteract the bronchoconstriction and airway microvascular leakage induced by substance P. 7. These results suggest that bronchoconstriction and airway plasma extravasation induced by i.oe. HCl instillation are inhibited by activation of prejunctional NOP receptors.
A redundant metal-polyimide thin film interconnection process for wafer scale dimensions (1990)

The expected defect modes, and the predominance of a single mode, for wafer-scale interconnections produced using typical thin-film processing techniques are discussed. A process using redundancy in the vertical direction to eliminate the dominant defect mode is presented with calculations illustrating potential yield improvements. Experimental results of an implementation of the redundancy technique using a lift-off process with polyimide dielectric are presented. The process uses a repeatable elemental step capable of producing signal layers, via studs, or reference planes while maintaining good planarity. The basic precepts of the redundant process are verified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Interdigitating Dendritic Cell Sarcoma Presenting in the Skin: Diagnosis and the Role of Surgical Resection, Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Management (2014)

We report the case of an interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) presenting in the skin. A 41-year old woman had a slowly enlarging mass on her right scapula that was excised multiple times under a presumptive diagnosis of a recurrent sebaceous cyst. However, the lesion was refractory to standard therapies. History and physical exam was unrevealing for any systemic signs or symptoms of disease. The patient's metastatic work-up was negative. The lesion was resected with wide margins and was found to be consistent with IDCS. Patients that present with IDCS on the skin may present concurrently with metastatic disease and may have increased risk of secondary malignancies. The use of adjuvant chemoradiation after primary resection is controversial. However, the use of chemoradiation likely has benefit for local regional control for primary tumors that are unamendable to complete primary resection.
Nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) blood flow and oxygenation are compromised in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (2009)

A reduction in brain blood flow, and thus oxygen delivery, may contribute to the development and maintenance of hypertension. We tested the novel hypothesis that blood flow to the NTS, a brainstem region critical to blood pressure regulation, is reduced in the SHR. The hydrogen (H 2 ) clearance method, where H 2 clearance is proportional to regional blood flow (RBF), was employed in adult Wistar‐Kyoto rats (WKY, n=5) and SHR (n=4). MAP was elevated in SHR compared to WKY (114±3 vs 88±5 mmHg, P&lt;0.05). Although basal RBF was not different in NTS between rat strains (SHR 37±5 vs WKY 44±7 ml/100g/min, P=0.06), its ability to increase in response to neuronal activation following vagal nerve stimulation was blunted severely in the SHR (ΔRBF: SHR 8±1 vs WKY 32±7 ml/100g/min, P&lt;0.05). Further, calculation of the relative increase in regional vascular conductance (RVC=ΔRBF/ΔMAP) was also substantially blunted in SHR (18±3 vs 99±22%, P&lt;0.05). Whilst the oxygen tension of NTS was similar between rat strains (18 vs 18 mmHg), lowering MAP in SHR to levels seen in WKY rats produced severe hypoxia (6 mmHg). These findings support the hypothesis that vascular resistance in NTS of SHR is higher than WKY rats and that neuro‐vascular coupling which mediates the increase in blood flow in response to neuronal activation is severely impaired in the NTS of SHR. Supported by NIH HL059167 (JTP) , NS054651 &amp; 054687 (SY), British Heart Foundation (JFRP)
Competitive binding of STATs to receptor phospho-Tyr motifs accounts for altered cytokine responses in autoimmune disorders (2021)

ABSTRACT Cytokines elicit pleiotropic and non-redundant activities despite strong overlap in their usage of receptors, JAKs and STATs molecules. We use IL-6 and IL-27 to ask how two cytokines activating the same signaling pathway have different biological roles. We found that IL-27 induces more sustained STAT1 phosphorylation than IL-6, with the two cytokines inducing comparable levels of STAT3 phosphorylation. Mathematical and statistical modelling of IL-6 and IL-27 signaling identified STAT3 binding to GP130, and STAT1 binding to IL-27Rα, as the main dynamical processes contributing to sustained pSTAT1 by IL-27. Mutation of Tyr613 on IL-27Rα decreased IL-27-induced STAT1 phosphorylation by 80% but had limited effect on STAT3 phosphorylation. Strong receptor/STAT coupling by IL-27 initiated a unique gene expression program, which required sustained STAT1 phosphorylation and IRF1 expression and was enriched in classical Interferon Stimulated Genes. Interestingly, the STAT/receptor coupling exhibited by IL-6/IL-27 was altered in patients with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IL-6/IL-27 induced a more potent STAT1 activation in SLE patients than in healthy controls, which correlated with higher STAT1 expression in these patients. Partial inhibition of JAK activation by sub-saturating doses of Tofacitinib specifically lowered the levels of STAT1 activation by IL-6. Our data show that receptor and STATs concentrations critically contribute to shape cytokine responses and generate functional pleiotropy in health and disease.
Microstructural characterization of Nb3Al ultrafine multifilamentary superconducting wire by analytical electron microscopy (1991)

Microstructural characterization of the longitudinal cross section of Nb3Al wires fabricated by an Nb tube composite process is presented. The wire was produced by cold reduction and a subsequent reaction between Nb matrix and Al-Mg core (final size: ∼φ 80 nm) at 950 °C×5 min+750 °C×72 h. The A15 superconducting compound (grain size: 100 nm) and unreacted fibrous Nb were observed in the microstructure. Nb2Al or other phases rarely appeared. The average Al concentration at the A15 grain was 22–23 at. % from x-ray microanalysis. The critical current density Jc of composite processed wire depended on the grain size of A15, with fine grains providing a high Jc value.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocrystalline Gold Catalysts: A Reflection on Catalyst Discovery and the Nature of Active Sites (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Constrained Time-Varying System Modelling (1988)

Tools are presented to reliably identify a time-varying autoregressive (AR) model for a realization of a stochastic process with an arbitrary non-stationarity. Only limited a priori knowledge about the nature of the non-stationarity, namely the expected maximum rate of change of the model parameters, is necessary to estimate these parameters on-line. The criterion considered is a constrained least squares cost functional which incorporates with equal weight all instantaneous errors up to the time of observation. The constraint is specified from the maximum rate of change using a (non-unique) backward state-space description for the parameter variation. A doubly recursive algorithm based on smoothing theory is derived to find a quasi-optimal solution to the recursive parameter estimation problem. Associated trade-offs are discussed for various non-stationary environments.
Bundling of DSL resources in home environments (2016)

Bundling the resources of different access links is a measure to improve throughput and resilience to network failure. This paper proposes a solution able to bundle the own DSL resources with available resources of neighbouring DSLs. The solution is based on links between the DSL routers (e.g. using Wi-Fi technology) which are used by the bundling algorithm to distribute data packets over the available DSLs. The proposed solution has been implemented in a testbed in order to investigate possible bundling gains under realistic conditions. This paper presents details about the solution itself as well as the implementation and the testbed. Intensive performance measurements based on a testbed are discussed. Results show that high bundling gains can be achieved. Results also show that the link between the DSL routers is the most critical part which needs to be configured and dimensioned with care.
Recent Advances of Polycationic siRNA Vectors for Cancer Therapy (2020)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have recently emerged as a new class of biopharmaceuticals for the treatment of various diseases, including genetic diseases, viral infections, heritable disorders, and most prominently, cancer. However, clinical applications of siRNA-based therapeutics through intravenous administration have been limited due to their rapid degradation and renal clearance, poor cellular uptake, low cytoplasmic release by escaping endocytic uptake, and off-target effects. The success of siRNA-based therapeutics depends upon the design and creation of efficient delivery vectors that should be able to protect siRNA from <i>in vivo</i> degradation and specifically deliver siRNA to cytosol of target cells. Over the past decade, myriad types of carrier systems composed of cationic polymers have been designed for delivery of siRNA to tumor cells. In this review, we overview recent advances in siRNA delivery by using these promising nonviral carrier systems in diverse approaches to overcome the delivery hindrances and provide valuable understanding to direct the future design of siRNA delivery carriers.