gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic Microneedle Arrays for in Situ Sensing with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) (2019)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a sensitive, chemically specific, and short-time response probing method with significant potential in biomedical sensing. This paper reports the integration of SERS with microneedle arrays as a minimally invasive platform for chemical sensing, with a particular view toward sensing in interstitial fluid (ISF). Microneedle arrays were fabricated from a commercial polymeric adhesive and coated with plasmonically active gold nanorods that were functionalized with the pH-sensitive molecule 4-mercaptobenzoic acid. This sensor can quantitate pH over a range of 5 to 9 and can detect pH levels in an agar gel skin phantom and in human skin in situ. The sensor array is stable and mechanically robust in that it exhibits no loss in SERS activity after multiple punches through an agar gel skin phantom and human skin or after a month-long incubation in phosphate-buffered saline. This work is the first to integrate SERS-active nanoparticles with polymeric microneedle arrays and to demonstrate in situ sensing with this platform.
Toughening and polymerization stress control in composites using thiourethane-treated fillers (2021)

Filler particle functionalization with thiourethane oligomers has been shown to increase fracture toughness and decrease polymerization stress in dental composites, though the mechanism is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to systematically characterize the effect of the type of filler surface functionalization on the physicochemical properties of experimental resin composites containing fillers of different size and volume fraction. Barium glass fillers (1, 3 and 10 µm) were functionalized with 2 wt% thiourethane-silane (TU-Sil) synthesized de novo and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis. Fillers treated with 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MA-Sil) and with no surface treatment (No-Sil) served as controls. Fillers (50, 60 and 70 wt%) were incorporated into BisGMA-UDMA-TEGDMA (5:3:2) containing camphorquinone/ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (0.2/0.8 wt%) and 0.2 wt% di-tert-butyl hydroxytoluene. The functionalized particles were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and a representative group was tagged with methacrylated rhodamine B and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Polymerization kinetics were assessed by near-IR spectroscopy. Polymerization stress was tested in a cantilever system, and fracture toughness was assessed with single edge-notched beams. Fracture surfaces were characterized by SEM. Data were analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The grafting of thiourethane oligomer onto the surface of the filler particles led to reductions in polymerization stress ranging between 41 and 54%, without affecting the viscosity of the composite. Fracture toughness increased on average by 35% for composites with the experimental fillers compared with the traditional methacrylate-silanized groups. SEM and confocal analyses demonstrate that the coverage of the filler surface was not homogeneous and varied with the size of the filler. The average silane layer for the 1 µm particle functionalized with the thiourethane was 206 nm, much thicker than reported for traditional silanes. In summary, this study systematically characterized the silane layer and established structure-property relationships for methacrylate and thiourethane silane-containing materials. The results demonstrate that significant stress reductions and fracture toughness increases are obtained by judiciously tailoring the organic-inorganic interface in dental composites.
THE RELATION BETWEEN ACUTE VASCULAR AND INTERSTITIAL RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION AND SUBSEQUENT CHRONIC REJECTION (1995)

Chronic rejection of renal allografts is a major cause of late graft loss. However, time of onset, relation with acute early rejection episodes, and risk factors are largely unknown. We undertook a cohort study of 482 consecutive patients from a single center who received a cadaveric renal allograft between January 1983 and April 1991. During the first 3 months after transplantation, 76 (15.8%) patients developed vascular rejection and 115 (23.9%) developed interstitial rejection. One-year graft survival of patients without rejection, with interstitial rejection, and with vascular rejection was 87.8%, 87%, and 48.7%, respectively. Five-year graft survival was 73.5% for the group without rejection, 71.4% for patients with interstitial rejection, and 34.3% for patients with vascular rejection. The adjusted relative risk of graft loss was 4.92 (95% CI 3.25-7.43) for patients with vascular rejection and 1.27 (95% CI 0.80-2.02) for patients with interstitial rejection compared with patients without early rejection, taking the time dependency of the rejection events and prognostic factors into account. The incidence of vascular rejection was increased in patients with primary nonfunction (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.01-2.84), with 1 HLA-DR mismatch (RR 2.38, 95% CI 1.44-3.93), with 2 HLA-DR mismatches (RR 3.24, 95% CI 1.25-8.42), with a prolonged cold ischemia time (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06 per hr), and with 1 or more previous transplantations (RR 1.76, 95% CI 1.01-3.07). Risk of developing vascular rejection was decreased in patients using CsA as compared with azathioprine (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24-0.67). Early vascular rejection, occurring within 3 months after transplantation, is the most important predicting variable of both early and late graft loss. Use of CsA, less HLA-DR mismatching, and a cold ischemia time of short duration possibly prevent the development of vascular rejection.
DNA-Based Assembly of Gold Nanocrystals (1999)

Specific, designed, nonperiodic arrangements of gold nanocrystals that are 5 and 10 nm in diameter can be prepared with double-stranded DNA serving as a template (see drawing; A′ and B′ denote oligonucleotide sequences complementary to sequences A and B). The methods described should be applicable to nanocrystals composed of various materials.
Synthesis of Perylene-Tagged Internal and External Electron Donors for Magnesium Dichloride Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts (2018)

We report on the synthesis of three perylene-tagged electron donors representing three major types – phthalates, diethers, and alkoxysilanes – which are of importance for the subsequent studies of MgCl2-supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts by means of laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy. The obtained products were unambiguously characterized, including by X-ray crystal structure analysis; their photophysical properties (absorption and emission spectra) were investigated as well. Additionally, a reliable and convenient protocol for the multigram synthesis of the required starting material – 3-bromo­perylene (PerBr) – was developed. The key step of this method was synthesis of trialkylsilyl-substituted perylenes, which were further separated by means of flash chromatography followed by conversion of the isolated 3-trialkylsilyl-substituted product to PerBr.
Toroidal Lasing Spaser (2013)

Toroidal shapes are often found in bio-molecules, viruses, proteins and fats, but only recently it was proved experimentally that toroidal structures can support exotic high-frequency electromagnetic excitations that are neither electric or magnetic multipoles. Such excitations, known as toroidal moments, could be playing an important role in enhancing inter-molecular interaction and energy transfer due to its higher electromagnetic energy confinement and weaker coupling to free space. Using a model toroidal metamaterial system, we show that coupling optical gain medium with high Q-factor toroidal resonance mode can enhance the single pass amplification to up to 65 dB. This offers an opportunity of creating the "toroidal" lasing spaser, a source of coherent optical radiation that is fueled by toroidal plasmonic oscillations in the nanostructure.
Demo abstract: WNOS: Software-defined generation of distributed optimal control programs for wireless networks (2018)

We demonstrate Wireless Network Operating System (WNOS), a radically different approach to software-defined networking (SDN) for infrastructure-less wireless networks. Departing from well-understood approaches inspired by OpenFlow, WNOS provides the network designer with an abstraction hiding (i) the lower-level details of the wireless protocol stack and (ii) the distributed nature of the network operations. Based on this abstract representation, the WNOS takes network control programs written on a centralized, high-level view of the network and automatically generates distributed cross-layer control programs based on distributed optimization theory that are executed by each individual node on an abstract representation of the radio hardware. We prototype WNOS on software-defined radio devices and test its effectiveness by considering specific cross-layer control problems. We demonstrate how the global network behavior can be controlled by modifying a few lines of code on a centralized abstraction.
Intensity noise coupling in soliton fiber oscillators (2017)

We present an experimental and numerical study on the spectrally resolved pump-to-output intensity noise coupling in soliton fiber oscillators. In our study, we observe a strong pump noise coupling to the Kelly sidebands, while the coupling to the soliton pulse is damped. This behavior is observed in erbium-doped as well as holmium-doped fiber oscillators and confirmed by numerical modeling. It can be seen as a general feature of laser oscillators in which soliton pulse formation is dominant. We show that spectral blocking of the Kelly sidebands outside the laser cavity can improve the intensity noise performance of the laser dramatically.
Extended focus optical coherence tomography with optical fiber based Bessel beam illumination (2013)

We demonstrate an extended depth of focus (DOF) for optical coherence tomography (OCT) using a Bessel-like higher order fiber mode. The DOF is enhanced by 7× and the lateral resolution is about 10 μm.
Novel N omega-xanthenyl-protecting groups for asparagine and glutamine, and applications to N alpha-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid-phase peptide synthesis. (1997)

The N alpha-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc), N omega-9H-xanthen-9-yl (Xan), N omega-2-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-yl (2-Moxan) or N omega-3-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-yl (3-Moxan) derivatives of asparagine and glutamine were prepared conveniently by acid-catalyzed reactions of appropriate xanthydrols with Fmoc-Asn-OH and Fmoc-Gln-OH. The Xan and 2-Moxan protected derivatives have been used in Fmoc solid-phase syntheses of several challenging peptides: a modified Riniker's peptide to probe tryptophanalkylation side reactions, Briand's peptide to assess deblocking, at the N-terminus and Marshall's ACP (65-74) to test difficult couplings. Removal of the Asn and Gln side-chain protection occurred concomitantly with release of peptide from the support, under the conditions for acidolytic cleavage of the tris(alkoxy)benzylamide (PAL) anchoring linkage by use of trifluoroacetic acid/scavenger mixtures. For each of the model peptides, the products obtained by the new protection schemes were purer than those obtained with N omega-2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl (Tmob) or N omega-triphenylmethyl (Trt) protection for Asn and Gln.
Molecular and cellular biology of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a review of current concepts and future trends in treatment (2014)

Understanding the complex cellular biology, physiology, hemodynamics, and flow-related phenomena of AVMs is critical for defining and predicting their behavior, developing novel drug treatments, and improving endovascular and surgical therapies.
Mechanical Dyssynchrony Precedes QRS Widening in ATP‐Sensitive K + Channel–Deficient Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2013)

The present study, with the use of high-resolution imaging, prospectively resolved the origin and extent of intraventricular motion disparity in a K(ATP) channel-knockout model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Mechanical dyssynchrony established as an early marker of cardiomyopathic disease offers novel insight into the pathodynamics of dyssynchronous heart failure.
Analytical Study of the Snap-Through and Bistability of Beams With Arbitrarily Initial Shape (2019)

Abstract We derive the snap-through solution and the governing snapping force equations for an arbitrarily preshaped beam deflected under a mid-length lateral point force. The exact solution is obtained based on the classical theory of elastic beams as a superposition of the initial shape and the modes of buckling. Two kinds of solutions are identified depending on the axial force level. The two solutions, bifurcation conditions, bistability conditions, and the snapping force equations are derived and discussed. The snap-through and snapping force solutions are then calculated for two common beam initial shapes, the curved (first buckling shape) and the inclined one (V-shape). In both cases, explicit expressions are obtained describing the snap-through behavior. The analytical modeling results show excellent agreement with finite element simulations. The comparison between the two cases shows a similar snap-through behavior qualitatively, while several differences and similarities are noticed quantitatively.
Aluminum Tailor‐Welded Blanks for High Volume Automotive Applications (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Details Results and Discussions Conclusion
LTE Capacity Compared to the Shannon Bound (2007)

In this paper we propose a modification to Shannon capacity bound in order to facilitate accurate benchmarking of UTRAN long term evolution (LTE). The method is generally applicable to wireless communication systems, while we have used LTE air-interface technology as a case study. We introduce an adjusted Shannon capacity formula, where we take into account the system bandwidth efficiency and the SNR efficiency of LTE. Separating these issues, allows for simplified parameter extraction. We show that the bandwidth efficiency can be calculated based on system parameters, while the SNR efficiency is extracted from detailed link level studies including advanced features of MIMO and frequency domain packet scheduling (FDPS). We then use the adjusted Shannon capacity formula combined with G-factor distributions for macro and micro cell scenarios to predict LTE cell spectral efficiency (SE). Such LTE SE predictions are compared to LTE cell SE results generated by system level simulations. The results show an excellent match of less that 5-10% deviation.
A 1 V 2 GHz CMOS up-converter using self-switching mixers (2003)

A 2 GHz up-converter uses 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS. Current adding and self-switching mixers are used for 1 V operation. A -40 dBc LO leakage within a 20 mV offset is achieved using a DC offset canceller. The measurement results at 1 V supply are 6.7 dB conversion gain, 6.5 dBm OIP3, /spl plusmn/2 dB gain deviation from -33 to 75/spl deg/, and 49 mW consumption.
Correction to: T cell leukemia control via Ras-Raf pathway inhibition with peptides. (2018)

[This corrects the article on p. 172 in vol. 10, PMID: 29075346.].
Efficacy and tolerability of tirzepatide, a dual glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 12‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study to evaluate different dose‐escalation regimens (2020)

Tirzepatide treatment for 12 weeks resulted in clinically significant reductions in HbA1c. This suggests that lower starting doses and smaller dose increments are associated with a more favourable side effect profile.
ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT OF ANTEROLATERAL ANKLE CONFLICT: A CONSECUTIVE SERIES OF 18 PATIENTS. (2004)

Purpose: The purpose of our retrospective analysis was to describe results of arthroscopic treatment of painful ankle instability without clinical or radiological laxity. Material and methods: Eighteen patients, mean age 27 years (seven men and nine women) were operated on by the same surgeon between 1999 and 2000. Sixteen patients (90%) were reviewed by an independent investigator at 20±4 months. Fifteen patients were athletes, ten at the competition level, and five had amateur sports activities. The accident caused forced inversion in 15/16 cases, during sports activities in 85.5% of the cases. Mean age at injury was 17±6 years. Mean time between the accident and arthroscopy was eight years. All patients had pain in the anterolateral region associated with effusion in 50% and apprehension or instability for daily life activities. Standard x-rays were normal in fourteen patients (87.5%). Comparative stress images did not demonstrate pathological laxity. Complementary imaging (MRI, CT scan, arthroscan, ultrasonography) was obtained in six patients with 50% negative results. Arthroscopy revealed anterior tissue interposition (antero lateral in thirteen patients (81%) and anteromedial and anterolateral in three) which was removed with the shaver. Joint cartilage was intact in fifteen patients (81.25%). Results: At last follow-up, functional outcome was good in all patients who had all resumed their sports activities. Subjectively, six patients felt they had normal function, seven nearly normal function and three abnormal function (81% satisfied or very satisfied). Six patients were symptom free even during intense physical activity. Eight patients reported some difficulties for strenuous exercise and two for moderate exercise. Joint motion was normal in ten patients and 5° dorsal flexion deficit was observed in six. There were no recurrent sprains. The x-ray was normal and identical to the initial image in 87.5% of the patients. Globally, 87.5% of the patients had good or excellent outcome. Two patients had fair or poor outcome. Discussion: Diagnosis of anterolateral ankle conflict can be established in patients with a compatible history and a typical clinical presentation with normal x-rays. Arthroscopic treatment can remove tissue interposition allowing good functional results and total recovery of sports activities. Complementary MRI or arthroscan have little specificity and poor sensitivity.
Abstract 17210: Von Willebrand Factor Level and Duration of Atrial Fibrillation (2016)

Background: We have recently reported that patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) have CD40L - a marker of platelet and inflammation activity - significantly elevated only within the first year, but particularly first month of dysrhythmia. Relationship between Von Willebrand factor (VWF) level and duration of atrial fibrillation is poorly defined. Methods: In order to determine if VWF is a time-dependent marker of prothrombotic status, plasma VWF antigen measured by latex immunoassay in 425 consecutive NVAF patients was analysed according to the duration of atrial fibrillation ( 12 months: n=251) and compared to 100 controls with normal sinus rhythm (NSR). Results: The mean VWF antigen level in NVAF patients with 12 months duration (156±54%, p=0.11) but significantly higher compared to NSR controls (143±48%, p=0.003, see Figure). NVAF patients with higher CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc scores when divided into three values: 0, 1, or >2 had significantly elevated VWF level in all groups of dysrhythmia duration: 12 months (p=0.0004). Also higher intensity of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast was associated with significantly higher VWF level in all three groups of atrial fibrillation duration. Conclusions: VWF remains steadily elevated throughout the course of dysrhythmia in NVAF patients with higher CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc scores and in those with higher intensity of left atrium blood stagnation.
Glucose Transport in Human Skeletal Muscle: The In Vivo Response to Insulin (1993)

Transmembrane glucose transport plays a key role in determining insulin sensitivity. We have measured in vivo WBGU, FGU, and K(in) and K(out) of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose in forearm skeletal muscle by combining the euglycemic clamp technique, the forearm-balance technique, and a novel dual-tracer (1-[3H]-L-glucose and 3-O-[14C]-methyl-D-glucose) technique for measuring in vivo transmembrane transport. Twenty-seven healthy, lean subjects were studied. During saline infusion, insulin concentration, FGU (n = 6), K(in), and K(out) (n = 4) were similar to baseline. During SRIF-induced hypoinsulinemia (insulin < 15 pM, n = 4) WBGU was close to 0, and FGU, K(in), and K(out) were unchanged from basal (insulin = 48 pM) values. During insulin clamps at plasma insulin levels of approximately 180 (n = 4), approximately 420 (n = 5), approximately 3000 (n = 4), and approximately 9500 pM (n = 4), WBGU was 14.2 +/- 1.3, 34.2 +/- 4.1 (P < 0.05 vs. previous step), 55.8 +/- 1.8 (P < 0.05 vs. previous step), and 56.1 +/- 6.3 mumol.min-1.kg-1 of body weight (NS vs. previous step), respectively. Graded hyperinsulinemia concomitantly increased FGU from a basal value of 4.7 +/- 0.5 mumol.min-1.kg-1 up to 10.9 +/- 2.3 (P < 0.05 vs. basal value), 26.6 +/- 4.5 (P < 0.05 vs. previous step), 54.8 +/- 4.3 (P < 0.05 vs. previous step), and 61.1 +/- 10.8 mumol.min-1.kg-1 of forearm tissues (NS vs. previous step), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
KL-VS heterozygosity is associated with lower amyloid-dependent tau accumulation and memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (2021)

Klotho-VS heterozygosity (KL-VS<sup>het</sup>) is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether KL-VS<sup>het</sup> is associated with lower levels of pathologic tau, i.e., the key AD pathology driving neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, is unknown. Here, we assessed the interaction between KL-VS<sup>het</sup> and levels of beta-amyloid, a key driver of tau pathology, on the levels of PET-assessed neurofibrillary tau in 551 controls and patients across the AD continuum. KL-VS<sup>het</sup> showed lower cross-sectional and longitudinal increase in tau-PET per unit increase in amyloid-PET when compared to that of non-carriers. This association of KL-VS<sup>het</sup> on tau-PET was stronger in Klotho mRNA-expressing brain regions mapped onto a gene expression atlas. KL-VS<sup>het</sup> was related to better memory functions in amyloid-positive participants and this association was mediated by lower tau-PET. Amyloid-PET levels did not differ between KL-VS<sup>het</sup> carriers versus non-carriers. Together, our findings provide evidence to suggest a protective role of KL-VS<sup>het</sup> against amyloid-related tau pathology and tau-related memory impairments in elderly humans at risk of AD dementia.
Natural Language Processing: Opportunities and Challenges for Patients, Providers, and Hospital Systems (2019)

In medicine, language, such as “history” of present illness and “chief complaints,” is used to understand patients' experience. Language is a rich source of data by which physicians make inferences, build therapeutic alliances, document formulations in the electronic health record, and care for patients. In psychiatry, language is the main source of data as there are no objective laboratory tests for diagnosis of psychiatric illness. It is also a therapeutic tool in psychotherapy. There now exist computer-based automated approaches to language analysis that can serve as tools for diagnosis, documentation, and treatment. Here, we review the history of natural language processing and provide examples of its use in psychiatry, such as psychosis prediction and detection of intoxication, and in extraction of information from psychiatric portions of the electronic health record. We also review future directions for studying discourse (and turn-taking), and potential applications of automated analysis to concurrent modes of communication, including prosody, pauses, face expression, and gesture. [ Psychiatr Ann. 2019;49(5):202–208.]