gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Electrolyte Composition and Anode Material on Current Efficiency for NF3 Formation in Electrolytic Synthesis using Diamond Anode (2009)

The current efficiency for NF3 formation was investigated using Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) anode in NH4F·nHF melts. It depended on both the current density and the NH4F-concentration. The best current efficiency was obtained at 40 mA/cm2 and the NH4F-concentration of 33.3 mol% (the NH4F·2HF melt), and its value was 72.4%.
Intracellular Acidification Causes Adenosine Release During States of Hyperexcitability in the Hippocampus (2009)

Decreased pH increases extracellular adenosine in CNS regions as diverse as hippocampus and ventral medulla. However, thus far there is no clear consensus whether the critical pH change is a decrease in intracellular and/or extracellular pH. Previously we showed that a decrease in extracellular pH is necessary and a decrease in intracellular pH alone is not sufficient, to increase extracellular adenosine in an acute hippocampal slice preparation. Here we explored further the role of intracellular pH under different synaptic conditions in the hippocampal slice. When synaptic excitability was increased, either during gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor blockade in CA1 or after the induction of persistent bursting in CA3, a decrease in intracellular pH alone was now sufficient to: 1) elevate extracellular adenosine concentration, 2) activate adenosine A1 receptors, 3) decrease excitatory synaptic transmission (CA1), and 4) attenuate burst frequency in an in vitro seizure model (CA3). Hippocampal slices obtained from adenosine A1 receptor knockout mice did not exhibit these pH-mediated effects on synaptic transmission, further confirming the role of adenosine acting at the adenosine A1 receptor. Taken together, these data strengthen and add significantly to the evidence outlining a change in pH as an important stimulus influencing extracellular adenosine. In addition, we identify conditions under which intracellular pH plays a dominant role in regulating extracellular adenosine concentrations.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Phosphinites, Phosphinates, and Related Species with DIBAL‐H. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
DSP requirements for MIMO spatial multiplexed receivers (2012)

OFDM requires the lowest equalizer complexity for crosstalk compensation in a mode-division-multiplexing receiver. For a 2000-km transmission distance and less than 10% OFDM-specific overhead, the modal dispersion must be below 6 ps/km for 10×10 MIMO.
Pertussis toxin export requires accessory genes located downstream from the pertussis toxin operon (1993)

Pertussis toxin, a major virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis, is an oligomeric protein composed of five different subunits that are exported individually to the periplasmic space by the signal peptide-dependent pathway. After assembly, the protein is exported from the periplasm to the extracellular compartment. We show that pertussis toxin secretion across the outer membrane requires the gene product of at least one gene (ptlC) that is located downstream from the pertussis toxin operon. The amino acid sequence of PtlC shows a high degree of homology to VirB4, a protein encoded by the virB operon, which contains 11 open reading frames that are involved in the transfer of T-DNA from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to the plant cells. This is a novel mechanism of protein export in Gram-negative bacteria.
Defect engineering for modern power devices (2012)

Abstract Radiation‐induced defects are a common tool in the manufacturing of modern power semiconductor devices. Hydrogen‐related doping is a feasible method to introduce deep doping profiles with a low thermal budget. The hydrogen‐related donors (HDs) require radiation damage and hydrogen, which can be induced by different methods, e.g ., proton implantation, helium and proton co‐implantation, or an implantation followed by a hydrogen‐plasma step. The choice of these methods significantly affects the introduction efficiency of the donors and the necessary post‐implantation thermal budget. By controlling the hydrogen‐to‐damage ratio, the manufacturing process of the HD profiles may be moved on a trade‐off between the activation efficiency and the necessary thermal budget. A low hydrogen‐to‐damage ratio leads to an increased activation of the HDs, whereas a high hydrogen‐to‐damage ratio reduces the necessary diffusion time of the hydrogen during the post‐implantation anneal. For the technical usage of hydrogen‐related doping, knowledge of an efficient process window is desirable. In this paper, we consider proton implantation, helium and proton co‐implantation, and a proton implantation followed by a hydrogen‐plasma step as different introduction methods of HD profiles with regard to the activation efficiency of the HDs and the necessary thermal budget.
High speed quantum-well lasers and carrier transport effects (1992)

Carrier transport can significantly affect the high-speed properties of quantum-well lasers. The authors have developed a model and derived analytical expressions for the modulation response, resonance frequency, damping rate, and K factor to include these effects. They show theoretically and experimentally that carrier transport can lead to significant low-frequency parasitic-like rolloff that reduces the modulation response by as much as a factor of six in quantum-well lasers. They also show that, in addition, it leads to a reduction in the effective differential gain and thus the resonance frequency, while the nonlinear gain compression factor remains largely unaffected by it. The authors present the temperature dependence data for the K factor as further evidence for the effects of carrier transport.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multi-sensor fusion observer based multilatral control of haptic devices without force sensor (2014)

Among all the sensor fusion approaches, Kalman filter is the most widely used technique for system state estimation. The Kalman filter has many uses, including applications in tracking objects, navigation, economics, computer vision and robot controlling. As an example application, it is suitable method for compensating noise measurements from sensor data input and also for sensor fusion. In this paper, a novel multilateral control based on observer technique has been proposed by using disturbance observer with Kalman filter, named Kalman-Filter based Disturbance Observer (KFDOB). Kalman-filter is designed to estimate velocity response and disturbance observer is used to estimate the action/reaction force of haptic devices. The design of multilateral control based on the Hadamard matrix is also presented. With such a robust sensorless force control scheme, high bandwidth of force sensing in multi-robot system may be achieved since acceleration sensor and optical encoder are used to estimate the external force information. Moreover, its measured noise is also significantly reduced. The experimental results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms.
A haplotype of the human CXCR1 gene protective against rapid disease progression in HIV-1+patients (2007)

Chemokines and their receptors are key factors in the onset and progression of AIDS. Among them, accumulating evidence strongly indicates the involvement of IL-8 and its receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, in AIDS-related conditions. Through extensive investigation of genetic variations of the human CXCR1-CXCR2 locus, we identified a haplotype of the CXCR1 gene (CXCR1-Ha) carrying two nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms, CXCR1_300 (Met to Arg) in the N terminus extracellular domain and CXCR1_142 (Arg to Cys) in the C terminus intracellular domain. Transfection experiments with CXCR1 cDNAs corresponding to the CXCR1-Ha and the alternative CXCR1-HA haplotype showed reduced expression of CD4 and CXCR4 in CXCR1-Ha cells in human osteosarcoma cells as well as in Jurkat and CEM human T lymphocytes. Furthermore, the efficiency of X4-tropic HIV-1(NL4-3) infection was significantly lower in CXCR1-Ha cells than in CXCR1-HA cells. The results were further confirmed by a series of experiments using six HIV-1 clinical isolates from AIDS patients. A genetic association study was performed by using an HIV-1(+) patient cohort consisting of two subpopulations of AIDS with extreme phenotypes of rapid and slow progression of the disease. The frequency of the CXCR1-Ha allele is markedly less frequent in patients with rapid disease onset than those with slow progression (P = 0.0003). These results provide strong evidence of a protective role of the CXCR1-Ha allele on disease progression in AIDS, probably acting through modulation of CD4 and CXCR4 expression.
Ontology Management for Large-Scale Enterprise Systems (2006)

Semantic markup languages such as RDF (Resource Description Framework) (RDF, 1999) and OWL (Web Ontology Language) (OWL, 2004) are increasingly being used to externalize metadata or ontologies about data, software and services in a declarative form. Such externalized descriptions in ontological format are used for purposes ranging from search and retrieval to information integration and to service composition (RDF Projects, 2004; OWL Tools, 2004). Ontologies could significantly reduce the costs of deploying, integrating, and maintaining enterprise systems. The barrier to more widespread use of ontologies for such applications is the lack of support in the currently available middleware stacks used in enterprise computing. This chapter presents our work on developing an enterprise-scale ontology management system that will provide APIs and query languages, and scalability and performance that enterprise applications demand. We describe the design and implementation of the management system that programmatically supports the ontology needs of enterprise applications in a similar way to a database management system supporting the data needs of applications. In addition, we present a novel approach to representing ontologies in relational database tables to address the scalability and performance issues. The state of the art ontology management systems are either memory-based or use ad-hoc solutions for persisting data, and so provide limited scalability.
Recombinant DNA approaches to study the role of the regulatory light chains (RLC) using scallop myosin as a test system (1991)

The ability to exchange reversibly the regulatory light chains (RLCs) from scallop myosin has provided us with a test system to probe the mechanisms of regulation mediated by the RLCs from vertebrate skeletal, vertebrate smooth and molluscan myosins. The cloning and expression of these RLCs, together with domain-swapping and site-directed mutagenesis approaches, has allowed us to explore further the mechanisms involved and identify the functional importance of specific regions of the RLC molecule; for example, the presence of a high affinity metal binding site in the N-terminal domain and its interaction with the intact C-terminal domains are required for regulation.
Redox‐Responsive Rhodocenium [O,O]‐, [N,O]‐, [N,N]‐, and [N,C,N]‐Metalloligands (2011)

Abstract As we have recently shown, the doubly substituted [1,2‐O,O]H, [1,2‐O,N]H, [1,2‐N,N]H, and [1,3‐N,N]H pentafulvenes are convenient N/O‐functionalized cyclopentadienide (Cp) precursors. Deprotonation of the pentafulvenes by potassium hydride followed by reaction with [Cp*RhCl 2 ] 2 or [Cp*IrCl 2 ] 2 gave access to the first functionalized rhodocenium and iridocenium salts that contain two acyl and/or imidoyl substituents. These air‐stable compounds represent interesting bis(acyl/imidoyl) or mixed acyl/imidoyl metalloligand systems that combine an axially shielding, electrochemically active metallocene moiety with directly attached, conjugating oxygen and/or nitrogen donor sites. The structural properties of these novel metallocene metalloligands in solution and in the solid state were studied by NMR spectroscopy ( 1 H, 13 C, 103 Rh) and by single‐crystal structure analysis. The electrochemical investigations on complexes 5a , 6b , and 7a showed the effect of the appended functional groups on the potential and on the reversibility of the rhodocenium/rhodocene reduction and provided evidence for the dimerization that followed the reduction. Further redox processes that were due to the heteroatom functions included the stepwise reduction of the 1,2‐diketo entity of 5a and the oxidation of the 1,2‐diimino moiety of 7a .
Physiological Impact of Afterload Reduction on Cardiac Mechanics and Coronary Hemodynamics Following Isosorbide Dinitrate Administration in Ischemic Heart Disease (2021)

Understanding the cardiac-coronary interaction is fundamental to developing treatment strategies for ischemic heart disease. We sought to examine the impact of afterload reduction following isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) administration on LV properties and coronary hemodynamics to further our understanding of the cardiac-coronary interaction. Novel methodology enabled real-time simultaneous acquisition and analysis of coronary and LV hemodynamics in vivo using coronary pressure-flow wires (used to derive coronary wave energies) and LV pressure-volume loop assessment. ISDN administration resulted in afterload reduction, reduced myocardial demand, and increased mechanical efficiency (all P<0.01). Correlations were demonstrated between the forward compression wave (FCW) and arterial elastance (r=0.6) following ISDN. In the presence of minimal microvascular resistance, coronary blood flow velocity exhibited an inverse relationship with LV elastance. In summary this study demonstrated a reduction in myocardial demand with ISDN, an inverse relationship between coronary blood flow velocity and LV contraction-relaxation and a direct correlation between FCW and arterial elastance. The pressure volume-loop and corresponding parameters b The pressure volume loop before (solid line) and after (broken line) Isosorbide dintrate.
Abstract 4143: Bz-423, a novel benzodiazpine, inhibits PI3 kinase signaling in ovarian cancer cells (2010)

Abstract Objective: Bz-423 is a 1,4-benzodiazepine with immunomodulatory and cytotoxic properties. The effect of Bz-423 on survival signaling in lymphoid neoplasms predicts activity against similar pathways in ovarian cancer cells. Having previously established the cytotoxic activity of Bz-423 against ovarian cancer, we now characterize the mechanism of action. Methods: Human ovarian cancer cell lines were maintained in culture. Cells were treated with Bz-423 or vehicle control. Cell survival and proliferation were evaluated, along with signaling mechanisms including the PI3-kinase-Akt-mTOR axis. DNA degradation (apoptotic fraction), mitochondrial function and caspase activation were evaluated by flow cytometry. Cytochrome c release and protein kinase activation were analyzed by immunoblotting. Apoptosome complex formation was monitored by gel filtration chromatography. Cellular ultrastructure was determined by electron microscopy (EM). Results: Growth inhibition and apoptosis were observed in all ovarian cell lines following treatment with Bz-423. Caspase-9 and −3 cleavage, along with cytochrome c release were seen, consistent with activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Early mitochondrial changes identified by ultrastructural evidence of mitochondrial swelling and the accumulation of superoxide within 1 hr of treatment were seen. Bz-423 induced cell death was associated with inhibition of Akt activation through a oxidant dependent mechanism. Antioxidants blocked Bz-423-induced signaling. Conclusions: Bz-423 is a novel benzodiazepine being developed as a mitochondria targeted therapy, and displays anti-neoplastic activity against ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Results show that by acting on mitochondrial complex V, this compound inhibits PI3-kinase signaling, including the tumor survival factor Akt. PI3-kinase signaling is increasingly recognized as a survival and growth promoting mechanism in ovarian cancer. Since Akt inhibition by Bz-423 is dependent upon cellular bioenergetics and anti-oxidant balance, strategies employing this compound offer a selective new approach to target ovarian cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4143.
Supplementary Table S1 from Secreted CXCL1 Is a Potential Mediator and Marker of the Tumor Invasion of Bladder Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table S1 from Secreted CXCL1 Is a Potential Mediator and Marker of the Tumor Invasion of Bladder Cancer
Inhibitory Effect of Hippocampal 5-HT1A Receptors on Human Explicit Memory (2003)

Postsynaptic 5-HT(1A )receptors localized in the hippocampal formation have a negative influence on explicit memory function, which raises the possibility that the antagonistic effect of postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors in the hippocampus leads to improvement of human memory function. Drugs that work as antagonists on postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors may be favorable for improved control of memory impairment.
ChemInform Abstract: Simultaneous Iridium Catalyzed Oxidation and Enzymatic Reduction Employing Orthogonal Reagents. (2011)

Abstract The first simultaneous combination of an Ir‐catalyzed oxidation and an enzymatic reduction is demonstrated in one pot.
Optimal Power-Gas Flow of Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas System: A Sequential MISOCP Approach (2019)

Due to their environmental and economic benefits, interdependencies between power and gas systems have been enhanced. However, they provide new challenges in the optimal power-gas flow (OPGF) problem, especially at distribution-level. This paper proposes a sequential mixed-integer second-order cone programming (S-MISOCP) algorithm to define the OPGF for integrated electricity and gas system. The nonconvex power flow and gas flow equations are decomposed as difference-of-convex functions which are reformulated as MISOCP constraints. Starting with an initial point, a sequence of penalized MISOCP problems are solved to find a feasible OPGF close to, if not equal to, the optimal one. The feasibility and quick convergence are guaranteed by designing an adaptive penalty growth rate and suggesting a high-quality initial point, respectively. Moreover, bidirectional gas flow inside pipelines is considered to incorporate meshed gas networks. Numerical simulations have been conducted to validate the algorithm performance.
Schottky-barrier-height Reduction for n-Si and n-Ge by Insertion of Tungsten Silicide and Germanide Films Chemically Synthesized using Gas-phase Reactions (2016)

2016 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Schottky-barrier-height Reduction for n-Si and n-Ge by Insertion of Tungsten Silicide and Germanide Films Chemically Synthesized using Gas-phase Reactions
Antiferromagnetism of UO2·2H2O (1963)

Magnetic susceptibility measurements have been made on UO2·xH2O for x=1.78 to x=2.13, and from 77° to 375°K. As the value of x decreased the susceptibility increased. Both these data and structural arguments imply that the formula of this compound is U(OH)4 rather than the dihydrate form. Based on this concept the data have been corrected for diamagnetism and also small amounts of UO2 and H2O which were present. The molar susceptibility of U4+ in U(OH)4 is nearly an order of magnitude less than in other uranium compounds, and it is suggested that this is probably due to superexchange between adjacent uranium atoms through intervening oxygen atoms.
Ionic currents of outer hair cells isolated from the guinea‐pig cochlea. (1992)

1. Whole-cell currents were measured in outer hair cells isolated from each turn of the organ of Corti of the guinea-pig. 2. The slope input conductances at -70 mV of the cells ranged from 3.6 to 51 nS depending on the length of the cell. Shorter cells from the basal turns of the cochlea had the highest values. The membrane time constant of the cells varied from 3 to 0.2 ms from the apex to the base. 3. Irrespective of the position of the cells along the cochlea, three distinct currents were found. Each type of current was found in approximately the same proportion in all cells. 4. An outward K+ current was present which activated at potentials more positive than -35 mV. The current was sensitive to tetraethylammonium (30 mM), quinidine (100 microM) and nifedipine (50 microM). It could be removed by replacing external Ca2+ with Ba2+ or Mg2+. The current was also removed by substituting Nai+ or Csi+ for Ki+ pipette solution. This outwardly rectifying current appears similar to the calcium-activated K+ current described in other hair cells. 5. The main current present at membrane potentials from -90 mV to -50 mV was a second voltage-activated K+ current. It was 50% activated at -80 mV, and relaxed with a time constant of 20-40 ms on hyperpolarization to -120 mV. Near rest the kinetics were essentially time-dependent , but depended upon the external K+ concentration. The current was blocked by 5 mM external Cs+. 6. This current was highly selective for K+. Measured from reversal of the tail currents, the permeability ratio PK:PNa was approximately 30:1. Depolarization of the cell, presumed to lead to an elevation of intracellular calcium, produced a prolonged activation of the current. 7. A third current found in the cells was a cation current. By external ion replacement, the selectivity sequence was determined to be Ca2+ greater than Na+ approximately equal to K+ greater than choline+ greater than NMDG+ (respective permeabilities relative to Na: 2.9, 1.0, 0.99, 0.63 and 0.37). This current was reduced by external Ba2+ (3 mM) and by nifedipine (50 microM). The activation of this current appeared to depend upon raised levels of Cai2+. 8. These currents account for reported in vivo properties of cochlear outer hair cells as cells permeable to potassium at large negative resting potentials. The consequences for sound detection in the cochlea are briefly discussed.
Catalytic surface engineering for highly functionalized and water-resistant nacre-mimetic cellulose nanofibrils/clay nanocomposites (2020)

The versatile catalytic surface-modification of nacre-mimetic nanocomposites is disclosed. The utilization of metal-free catalysis allows for designing tailor-made surfaces of cellulose nanofibrils/clays nanocomposite with different functional groups and properties (hydrophobicity). The catalytic surface-engineering is mild and no significant structural changes were observed after