gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of modulation schemes for grid-connected parallel interleaved inverters (2016)

A comparative evaluation of the different modulation schemes for the grid-connected converter with two parallel interleaved Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) is presented in this paper. The volume and the losses of the converter-side inductor of the LCL harmonic filter are evaluated for the grid-side converter of the multi-MW Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). In order to achieve high current rating in MW-level WECS, two-level VSCs are often connected in parallel. The parallel connected VSCs can be operated with interleaved carrier signals and can be treated as a multi-level converter. As a result, the size of the harmonic filter components can be significantly reduced. However, circulating current flows between the parallel VSCs and it is often suppressed using a Coupled Inductor (CI). The losses and size of the CI are also evaluated for different modulation schemes and compared in this paper. A detailed discussion on the loss modeling of the inductive components and a multi-objective optimization method is also presented.
Transfer Learning for Neural Semantic Parsing (2017)

The goal of semantic parsing is to map natural language to a machine interpretable meaning representation language (MRL). One of the constraints that limits full exploration of deep learning technologies for semantic parsing is the lack of sufficient annotation training data. In this paper, we propose using sequence-to-sequence in a multi-task setup for semantic parsing with a focus on transfer learning. We explore three multi-task architectures for sequence-to-sequence modeling and compare their performance with an independently trained model. Our experiments show that the multi-task setup aids transfer learning from an auxiliary task with large labeled data to a target task with smaller labeled data. We see absolute accuracy gains ranging from 1.0% to 4.4% in our in- house data set, and we also see good gains ranging from 2.5% to 7.0% on the ATIS semantic parsing tasks with syntactic and semantic auxiliary tasks.
Resolution and sampling analysis in digital in-line holography with spherical wave illumination (2019)

The resolution optimization and sampling strategies in practical digital in-line holography (DIH) with spherical wave illumination are analytically studied by optimizing system parameters. Optimal parameters of holographic recording, including illumination wavelength, numerical aperture of the spherical illumination wave, source-sensor distance, object–sensor distance, and sampling parameters of the sensor, for achievable resolution are worked out. A formula is derived to guide the DIH system design in general cases. Different sampling strategies associated with corresponding reconstruction waves (plane wave and spherical waves with various curvatures) are analyzed. The reason why recording with spherical wave and reconstructing with plane wave works well in practice is explained in detail. We also present how to determine the reconstruction distance and magnification to reconcile the curvature difference. The analysis is carried out mathematically and verified by simulated holograms. Optical experiments with U.S. Air Force resolution target are carried out based on the analysis for further verification.
Fracture quality images from 4D VSP and microseismic data at Jonah Field, WY (2009)

Natural and induced fractures provide the only means of production in tight gas sand reservoirs. The objective of this work is to locate and characterize natural and induced fractures from the analysis of scattered waves recorded on 4‐D (time lapse) VSP data in order to optimize well placement and well spacing in these gas reservoirs. Using synthetic seismic data, we have previously shown that it is possible to characterize the quality of fracturing based upon the amount of scattering of seismic energy from hydraulic fractures. We show this concept applied to a field dataset from the Jonah Field in Wyoming. The time lapse (4D) VSP data from this field are imaged with a migration algorithm using shot travel time tables derived from the first breaks of the 3D VSPs and receiver travel time tables based on the microseismic and perf shot arrival times. We create images of the fracture planes through two of the hydraulically fractured wells in the field. The scattered energy shows correlation with the locations of the microseismic events and azimuthal scattering which is different from the azimuthal reflectivity of the reservoir. This gives us more confidence that we have separated the scattered signal from simple formation reflectivity. Variation of the scattered energy along the image planes suggest differences in the quality of the fractures in three distinct zones.
Molecular Dynamics Calculations of CH3 Sticking Coefficient onto Diamond Surfaces (2015)

A molecular dynamics model is implemented in a way dedicated to simulate initial conditions close to microwave plasma deposition of thick single crystal diamond films. The sticking coefficient of CH 3 radical is obtained for (111) and (100) surface at three gas and substrate temperatures: 1 120, 1 200, and 1 500 K. A low value of 5.10 −4 is obtained, which is consistent with experimental findings claiming values less than 0.01 or equating to 8.10 −3 at 1 120 K.
Long-term Outcome in 87 Patients With Low-Grade Soft-Tissue Sarcoma (1993)

Low-grade soft-tissue sarcomas are associated with excellent overall survival, especially those confined to nonretroperitoneal sites. The risk of local recurrence after resection with negative margins and/or adjuvant radiation therapy is very low and most recurrences can be controlled with further therapy.
Surgical Performance Determines Functional Outcome Benefit in the Minimally Invasive Surgery Plus Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation (MISTIE) Procedure (2019)

This is the first surgical trial reporting thresholds for reduction of ICH volume correlating with improved mortality and functional outcomes. To realize the benefit of surgery, protocol objectives, surgeon education, technical enhancements, and case selection should be focused on this goal.
Current Management in a Hybrid Fuel Cell Power System: A Model-Predictive Control Approach (2006)

The problem of oxygen starvation in fuel cells coupled with air compressor saturation limits, is addressed in this paper. We propose using a hybrid configuration, in which a bank of ultracapacitors supplements the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell during fast current transients. Our objective is to avoid fuel cell oxygen starvation, prevent air compressor surge and choke, and simultaneously match an arbitrary level of current demand. We formulate the distribution of current demand between the fuel cell and the bank of ultracapacitors in a model predictive control framework, which can handle multiple constraints of the hybrid system. Simulation results show that reactant deficit during sudden increase in stack current is reduced from 50% in stand-alone architecture to less than 1% in the hybrid configuration. In addition, the explicit constraint handling capability of the current management scheme prevents compressor surge and choke and maintains the state-of-charge of the ultracapacitor within feasible bounds
Water Inhibition in Methane Oxidation over Alumina Supported Palladium Catalysts (2019)

In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy has been used to distinguish surface hydroxyl groups on Al2O3 and PdO/Al2O3 model catalysts calcined at 500–900 °C. Employing the operando approach, the formation of surface hydroxyl groups has been correlated to the methane oxidation activity for PdO/Al2O3 catalysts using a PdO powder sample as reference. The results show that the alumina support stabilizes active PdO particles leading to enhanced apparent methane turnover frequency (TOF), which decreases slowly in dry conditions due to alumina hydroxylation. Wet conditions cause severe hydroxylation that is detrimental for the methane TOF. The hydroxylation follows two different routes, i.e., spillover of hydrogen-containing species to the PdO-Al2O3 boundary and/or the close proximity of the supported PdO particles and under wet conditions also dissociation of gas phase water on the entire alumina surface. Both hydroxylation routes obey varying kinetics such that near saturation is reached quickly (minutes) followed by a continuous slow growth for prolonged exposure times (hours). At low temperatures, inhibition of palladium active sites on the rim of the PdO particles close to alumina seems to be of particular importance for the observed detrimental effect of water, whereas water induced morphological changes (no sintering observed) of the PdO particles play a minor role.
Selection Bias Induced Spurious Correlations in Large Language Models (2022)

In this work we show how large language models (LLMs) can learn statistical dependencies between otherwise unconditionally independent variables due to dataset selection bias. To demonstrate the effect, we developed a masked gender task that can be applied to BERT-family models to reveal spurious correlations between predicted gender pronouns and a variety of seemingly gender-neutral variables like date and location, on pre-trained (unmodified) BERT and RoBERTa large models. Finally, we provide an online demo, inviting readers to experiment further.
Prevalence of carotid stenosis following radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2020)

The yearly incidence of carotid stenosis >50% increased every year during the first 3 years following radiotherapy. We propose routine yearly Doppler ultrasound screening beginning 1 year after head and neck radiotherapy.
A high power Tx/Rx switch IC using AlGaN/GaN HFETs (2004)

An extremely high power Tx/Rx switch IC based on AlGaN/GaN HFETs has been developed for the first time. A low on-state resistance realized by Si doping techniques and a low off-state capacitance by using an Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ substrate led to excellent performance of 0.26 dB insertion loss and 27 dB isolation with the power handling capability of 43 W at 1 GHz.
Potential of Thin Films for use in Charged Particle Tracking Detectors (2014)

Thin Film technology has widespread applications in everyday electronics, notably Liquid Crystal Display screens, solar cells, and organic light emitting diodes. We explore the potential of this technology as charged particle radiation tracking detectors for use in High Energy Physics experiments such as those at the Large Hadron Collider or the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Through modern fabrication techniques, a host of semiconductor materials are available to construct thin, flexible detectors with integrated electronics with pixel sizes on the order of a few microns. We review the material properties of promising candidates, discuss the potential benefits and challenges associated with this technology, and review previously demonstrated applicability as a neutron detector.
Abstract 275: Development of RNAi-dendrimer-based Twist1 inhibitors to reduce metastasis and recurrence in ovarian cancer. (2013)

Abstract Background/Objective: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer, with the vast majority of patients eventually developing a recurrence. One promising novel therapeutic target is Twist1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that acts as a master regulator of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important step in metastasis, of which loss of E-cadherin is the hallmark. Furthermore, Twist1 is a key component in the differentiation of EOC stem cells into metastatic cancer cells. Methods: We investigated the effectiveness of three siTwist-candidates and two types of Poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers on intracellular delivery of siRNA to ovarian cancer cell lines. The EOC cell lines TOV112D, TARA R182 (immortalized primary EOC cells) and A2780R (cisplatin-resistant derivatives of the A2780 EOC cell line) were used. Two types of PAMAM dendrimers, Generation 5 (G5) and a new G3 dendrimer (YTZ3-15) were examined, which differ based on the numbers of surface amines. We complexed multiple Twist1-specific siRNA constructs to PAMAM dendrimers to protect fragile RNA and facilitate delivery. We loaded G5 and YTZ3-15 dendrimers with Cy3-labeled siTwist-506 and transfected TOV112D cells with these complexes. Quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) and Western blotting were used to evaluate Twist1 knockdown in four EOC cell lines following transfection with siTwist. Results: Bright field and fluorescent microscopy analysis showed that ∼95-98% of TOV112D cells contained Cy3 label, indicating that both the G5 and YTZ3-15 dendrimers can penetrate the cell membranes of EOC cells. Cy3-labeled siTwist-506 led to a 50% reduction in Twist1 mRNA in these cells. Further analysis revealed that novel siRNA sequences siTwist-419 and 494 significantly reduced Twist1 protein expression compared to siTw506 and non-transfected controls, and real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed a 80% reduction in Twist1 mRNA in both TARA R182 and A2780R EOC cells. This suggests that siTwist-419 and 494 can lead to optimal Twist1 silencing. Conclusions: Our data support the feasibility of using siTwist-dendriplex approaches to knock down Twist1 expression in EOC cells, by circumventing a major obstacle to the targeting of transcription factors with dendrimer technology. Further studies are needed to prove whether the prevention of Twist1 production will reduce EOC metastases, and prevent recurrences by arresting EOC stem cells in an undifferentiated state. Citation Format: Cai Roberts, James Finlay, Gina Lowe, Thanh H. Dellinger, Ernest Han, Carlotta Glackin. Development of RNAi-dendrimer-based Twist1 inhibitors to reduce metastasis and recurrence in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 275. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-275
Composite Particles of Polyethylene @ Silica (2006)

Polyethylene (PE) and silica are perhaps the simplest and most common organic and inorganic polymers, respectively. We describe, for the first time, a physically interpenetrating nanocomposite between these two elementary polymers. While polymer-silica composites are well known, the nanometric physical blending of PE and silica has remained a challenge. A method for the preparation of such materials, which is based on the entrapment of dissolved PE in a polymerizing tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) system, has been developed. Specifically, the preparation of submicron particles of low-density PE@silica and high-density PE@silica is detailed, which is based on carrying out a silica sol-gel polycondensation process within emulsion droplets of TEOS dissolved PE, at elevated temperatures. The key to the successful preparation of this new composite has been the identification of a surfactant, PE-b-PEG, that is capable of stabilizing the emulsion and promoting the dissolution of the PE. A mechanism for the formation of the particles as well as their inner structure are proposed, based on a large battery of analyses, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopies (SEM), surface area and porosity analyses, various thermal analyses including thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements and solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
Progression-specific markers in breast cancer obtained by microarray analysis are located to the malignant epithelial tumor cells (2006)

834 Hematogenic metastasis is the major cause of mortality from malignant tumors. The potential of human breast tumor cells to metastasize is enabled after DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) to IDC (invasive ductal carcinoma) transition, when the cells become invasive and break through the basement membrane. It is imperative to gain more information about the molecular events accompanying this crucial step to improve the classification in risk groups for DCIS patients according to risk of relapse or progression and to advance in individualizing the therapy for DCIS and IDC patients. Our group combined Affymetrix microarray analysis with laser capture microdissection (LCM) to analyze matched DCIS and IDC tissue from nine patients. Subsequent to extensive statistical analysis (rank product, paired t-test, paired Mann-Whitney test), 446 up-regulated and 102 down-regulated Affymetrix probe sets were identified to be expressed differentially in either stage of the nine tumours (p-value: 0.01), characterizing the transition from DCIS to IDC. This gene list contains genes, already associated with breast cancer invasion (PLAU/uPa and MMP11) confirming the accuracy of the accomplished methods. Differential gene expression of 18 candidate genes (15 up-regulated, 3 down-regulated) was confirmed, analyzing triplicate real-time PCR experiments. Four PCR-validated candidates were selected for in situ hybridization experiments and the proteins of five PCR-validated candidates were detected using immunohistochemistry. These experiments confirm the localization of the transcripts or proteins for all tested candidates to the cytoplasm of the epithelial tumor cells. Regarding the immunohistochemical evaluation, differential gene expression corresponding to the microarray data could be visualized. In conclusion, we identified progression-specific candidate genes using an accurate stringent approach combining LCM and high-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis. New candidates, not yet correlated with breast cancer progression, could be validated using real-time PCR. Expression of candidate transcripts and proteins was localized to the epithelial tumor cells, respectively. Among these candidates are transmembrane receptors, transcription factors and tumour antigens, thus gene products with potential clinical importance.
Investigations and Analysis of Working Processes of Two-Stroke Engines with the Focus on Wall Heat Flux (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Small displacement two-stroke engines are widely used as affordable and low-maintenance propulsion systems for motorcycles, scooters, hand-held power tools and others. In recent years, considerable progress regarding emission reduction has been reached. Nevertheless, a further improvement of two-stroke engines is necessary to cover protection of health and environment. In addition, the shortage of fossil fuel resources and the anthropogenic climate change call for a sensual use of natural resources and therefore, the fuel consumption and engine efficiency needs to be improved.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;With the application of suitable analyses methods it is possible to find improving potential of the working processes of these engines. The thermodynamic loss analysis is a frequently applied method to examine the working process and is universally adaptable. Within this paper, a series production small displacement two-stroke engine is experimentally investigated on the test bench and adapted with measuring equipment in order to analyze the working process with focus on the wall heat flux. Due to high speed and vibrations, these investigations are complex. This publication considers an assessment of correlation predictability of heat transfer models, which are used in the thermodynamic loss analysis, by means of a comparison with experimental data. Thereto the measurement technique based on the surface temperature method applied to a small two-stroke engine is explained. From these investigations, the thermodynamic loss analysis regarding wall heat loss is reassessed and improvement potential is pointed out. Finally, an alignment of the thermodynamic loss analysis for small displacement two-stroke engines regarding the wall heat losses is performed. The results of the thermodynamic loss analysis demonstrate the occurring efficiency losses and therewith improvement strategies concerning the working process can be deduced.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Game Theoretic Solution for the Territory Sharing Problem in Social Taxi Networks (2018)

Recent years have witnessed a surge of new methods by which commuters are accessing transportation modals. The use of social taxi networks is one of the most promising door-to-door transportation methods. In social taxi networks, commuters use their smart devices to contact social taxi service providers based on their geographical proximity and the listed fare prices. These taxis can be traditional taxis or privately owned vehicles. However, with the success of this new car hailing mechanism, there is an emergence of a number of problems. One of these problems is the territory allocation problem. i.e., the majority of social taxi drivers choose areas in which the most likely number of customers will be present. Therefore, they negatively impact each other's profit by offering a high supply of services. This paper develops a cooperative territory allocation approach such that, through negotiation between service providers, can reduce the conflict between taxi drivers. Game theory is used to formulate the territory sharing problem, which can be solved using bargaining-based solution model. The solution model is designed to correspond to a no regret game for which the outcome corresponds to a coarse correlated equilibrium. Simulation work results are provided to support the findings in this paper.
Sufficient conditions for two-dimensional localization by arbitrarily weak defects in periodic potentials with band gaps (2010)

We prove, via an elementary variational method, one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) localization within the band gaps of a periodic Schr\"odinger operator for any mostly negative or mostly positive defect potential, $V$, whose depth is not too great compared to the size of the gap. In a similar way, we also prove sufficient conditions for 1D and 2D localization below the ground state of such an operator. Furthermore, we extend our results to 1D and 2D localization in $d$ dimensions; for example, by a linear or planar defect in a three-dimensional crystal. For the case of $D$-fold degenerate band edges, we also give sufficient conditions for localization of up to $D$ states.
Vapour-Deposited Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskites: Microsecond Charge Carrier Lifetimes and Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance (2017)

Metal halide perovskites such as methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI<sub>3</sub>) are highly promising materials for photovoltaics. However, the relationship between the organic nature of the cation and the optoelectronic quality remains debated. In this work, we investigate the optoelectronic properties of fully inorganic vapour-deposited and spin-coated black-phase CsPbI<sub>3</sub> thin films. Using the time-resolved microwave conductivity technique, we measure charge carrier mobilities up to 25 cm<sup>2</sup>/(V s) and impressively long charge carrier lifetimes exceeding 10 μs for vapour-deposited CsPbI<sub>3</sub>, while the carrier lifetime reaches less than 0.2 μs in the spin-coated samples. Finally, we show that these improved lifetimes result in enhanced device performance with power conversion efficiencies close to 9%. Altogether, these results suggest that the charge carrier mobility and recombination lifetime are mainly dictated by the inorganic framework rather than the organic nature of the cation.
Hybrid Silicon Transmitter using Quantum Well Intermixing (2013)

A hybrid silicon DFB laser array emitting over 200nm was integrated with EAMs (3dB bandwidth&gt;30GHz). Four bandgaps spread over &gt;100nm were realized using quantum well intermixing for increased spectral gain and for laser-modulator detuning.