gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vestibular Heading Discrimination and Sensitivity to Linear Acceleration in Head and World Coordinates (2010)

Effective navigation and locomotion depend critically on an observer's ability to judge direction of linear self-motion, i.e., heading. The vestibular cue to heading is the direction of inertial acceleration that accompanies transient linear movements. This cue is transduced by the otolith organs. The otoliths also respond to gravitational acceleration, so vestibular heading discrimination could depend on (1) the direction of movement in head coordinates (i.e., relative to the otoliths), (2) the direction of movement in world coordinates (i.e., relative to gravity), or (3) body orientation (i.e., the direction of gravity relative to the otoliths). To quantify these effects, we measured vestibular and visual discrimination of heading along azimuth and elevation dimensions with observers oriented both upright and side-down relative to gravity. We compared vestibular heading thresholds with corresponding measurements of sensitivity to linear motion along lateral and vertical axes of the head (coarse direction discrimination and amplitude discrimination). Neither heading nor coarse direction thresholds depended on movement direction in world coordinates, demonstrating that the nervous system compensates for gravity. Instead, they depended similarly on movement direction in head coordinates (better performance in the horizontal plane) and on body orientation (better performance in the upright orientation). Heading thresholds were correlated with, but significantly larger than, predictions based on sensitivity in the coarse discrimination task. Simulations of a neuron/anti-neuron pair with idealized cosine-tuning properties show that heading thresholds larger than those predicted from coarse direction discrimination could be accounted for by an amplitude-response nonlinearity in the neural representation of inertial motion.
Detection of Anesthesia Machine Faults (1984)

One hundred ninety people attending an anesthesia meeting were given ten minutes to identify five faults intentionally created in a standard anesthesia machine. 7.3% of participants found no machine faults and 3.4% found all five faults. The average number of identified faults was 2.2. Professional background did not influence the scores, but fault detection ability was increased in practitioners with ten years or more of experience. Concealed faults that did not make the machine inoperable were most frequently missed. Greater emphasis should be placed on aggressive system checking in education programs and in daily clinical practice.
Prevalence, distribution, and risk factor for colonic neoplasia in 1133 subjects aged 40–49 undergoing screening colonoscopy (2016)

Colorectal neoplasia prevalence in this 40- to 49-year-old Chinese cohort was higher than previous studies. Men, advancing age, FDR with CRC, and diabetes mellitus, can be used to risk stratify for neoplasia development. Men 45-49 years old with FDR with CRC represented the highest risk subgroup, with the lowest number needed to screen.
Spot size dependence of switching power for an optically bistable InSb element (1985)

The dependence of switching power upon input beam spot radius for an optically bistable InSb étalon has been measured. The results show that the irradiance required for switching increases as the spot radius is reduced. There is no evidence of any lower limit to the switching power, even for spot radii much less than the ambipolar diffusion length. Studies of the transmitted beam intensity profile in the near-field demonstrate the role of diffusion in our observations. The implications of our results for digital optical processing are briefly discussed.
Genetic polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and coronary artery disease (2000)

A high plasma homocysteine concentration is a risk factor for atherosclerotic disease and venous thrombosis. Homocysteine levels are influenced by folic acid, vitamin B 6 and vitamin B 12, as well as by hereditary factors. A common genetic variant of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene CC 677 T) is associated with thermolability of the MTHFR enzyme and elevated plasma homocysteine concentration, especially in those with low folic acid concentration. The prevalence of point mutation (nucleotide 677 C → T) in MTHFR was measured in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who all underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (62 cases; age 64.0 ± 9.5 years), and was compared with, age-matched control subjects. In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), we investigated the prevalence of point mutation (nucleotide 677 C → T) in MTHFR in comparison with control subjects. Heterozygous (C/T) prevalence for the 677 C → T mutation in the MTHFR was higher in patients with CAD than in control subjects (P < 0.05). The prevalence of homozygosity (C/C) for wild-type MTHFR was lower in patients with CAD in comparison with control subjects (P < 0.05).
[Chronic eosinophilic leukemia with complex karyotypic abnormalities including trisomy 8]. (2008)

We report a 61-year-old man with chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL). The patient was referred to our hospital because of pyrexia and eosinophilia. He was diagnosed with CEL based on an increase in blasts and eosinophils in his peripheral blood and bone marrow, and clonal complex karyotypic abnormalities including trisomy 8. The FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion transcript was not detected by RT-PCR analysis. Although he had no obvious organ damage at diagnosis, pulmonary infiltrates in the right lung and multiple skin nodules over his whole body appeared over 4 months and progressed rapidly, accompanied by a marked increase in blasts in his peripheral blood. CEL with trisomy 8 has been reported to be associated with transformation into acute leukemia and granulocytic sarcoma in the literature. It is notable that the present case was associated with complex karyotypic abnormalities and the exceptionally marked disease progression. Further analyses of clinical data as well as molecular genetic findings of CEL without known karyotypic abnormalities leading to constitutive activation of tyrosine-kinase genes are needed to gain insight into the pathogenesis of CEL and to develop a new disease classification and treatment strategies.
Simultaneous detection of acoustic and light emissions from cavitation bubbles in SWL (2000)

A typical pulse in electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) consists of an intense positive pressure pulse, followed by a longer negative-pressure tail. Computer models of the bubble dynamics associated with such a pulse suggest that the positive pressure pulse compresses the bubble (R{0}=3−10 μm) to a submicron size. The negative-pressure tail then causes the bubble to undergo a dramatic expansion, followed by an inertially dominated (presumably spherical) collapse hundreds of microseconds later. Acoustic and light emissions are generated at both collapses. We have examined the simultaneous acoustic and optical emission from a cavitation field generated by SWL in order to determine whether the sonoluminescence is principally due to the initial compression of the bubble, or the final inertial collapse. Using two confocal 1-MHz, piezoceramic hydrophones and a PMT mounted on a light-tight water-filled container, we have observed acoustic and light emission corresponding to both the compression and inertial collapse of the bubble field. Our initial results suggest that the light emission occurs most frequently during the initial bubble compression. These results may have implications for understanding the sphericity of the bubble dynamics produced in SWL. [Work supported by NIH and DARPA.]
Pulsed positive negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPulsed positive negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometryDonald F. Hunt, George C. Stafford, Frank W. Crow, and John W. RussellCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 14, 2098–2104Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50008a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50008a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views797Altmetric-Citations231LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrically Activated Paper Actuators (2016)

This paper describes the design and fabrication of electrically controlled paper actuators that operate based on the dimensional changes that occur in paper when the moisture absorbed on the surface of the cellulose fibers changes. These actuators are called “Hygroexpansive Electrothermal Paper Actuators” (HEPAs). The actuators are made from paper, conducting polymer, and adhesive tape. They are lightweight, inexpensive, and can be fabricated using simple printing techniques. The central element of the HEPAs is a porous conducting path (used to provide electrothermal heating) that changes the moisture content of the paper and causes actuation. This conducting path is made by embedding a conducting polymer (PEDOT:PSS) within the paper, and thus making a paper/polymer composite that retains the porosity and hydrophilicity of paper. Different types of HEPAs (straight, precurved, and creased) achieved different types of motions (e.g., bending motion, accordion type motion). A theoretical model for their behavior is proposed. These actuators have been used for the manipulation of liquids and for the fabrication of an optical shutter.
Modeling and Measurement of Stress and Strain Evolution in Cu Interconnects (2004)

The damascene fabrication method and the introduction of low‐K dielectrics present a host of reliability challenges to Cu interconnects and fundamentally change the mechanical stress state of Cu lines used as interconnects for integrated circuits. In order to capture the effect of individual process steps on the stress evolution in the BEoL (Back End of Line), a process‐oriented finite element modeling (FEM) approach was developed. In this model, the complete stress history at any step of BEoL can be simulated as a dual damascene Cu structure is fabricated. The model was calibrated with both wafer‐curvature blanket film measurements and X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) measurement of metal line stress. The Cu line stress evolution was simulated during the process of multi‐step processing for dual damascene Cu/TEOS and Cu/low‐k structures. The in‐plane stress of Cu lines is nearly independent of subsequent processes, while the out‐of‐plane stress increases considerably with the subsequent process steps. The modeling results will be compared with recent XRD measurements and extended generically to illustrate the relative influence of the dielectric (ILD) modulus (E) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) on strain/stress in the Cu lines. It will be shown that the stress magnitude and state (hydrostatic, deviatoric) depend on ILD properties. The stress along the line length (longitudinal) is substrate‐dominated, while the transverse and normal stresses vary with both CTE and modulus of the dielectric. The hydrostatic stress is primarily determined by ILD modulus and is nearly independent of the ILD CTE, while the Von Mises stress depends on both CTE and E of the ILD. The stress of the Cu line tends to be more deviatoric with spin‐on low K ILDs, and more hydrostatic with oxide encapsulation.
Subcellular Localization of Talin Is Regulated by Inter-domain Interactions (2012)

Talin, which is composed of head (THD) and rod domains, plays an important role in cell adhesion events in diverse species including most metazoans and Dictyostelium discoideum. Talin is abundant in the cytosol; however, it mediates adhesion by associating with integrins in the plasma membrane where it forms a primary link between integrins and the actin cytoskeleton. Cells modulate the partitioning of talin between the plasma membrane and the cytosol to control cell adhesion. Here, we combine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) with subcellular fractionation to characterize two distinct THD-rod domain interactions that control the interaction of talin with the actin cytoskeleton or its localization to the plasma membrane. An interaction between a discrete vinculin-binding region of the rod (VBS1/2a; Tln1(482-787)), and the THD restrains talin from interacting with the plasma membrane. Furthermore, we show that vinculin binding to VBS1/2a results in talin recruitment to the plasma membrane. Thus, we have structurally defined specific inter-domain interactions between THD and the talin rod domain that regulate the subcellular localization of talin.
Microelectrothermofluidic packaging for single chip integrated viral RNA extraction and RT-PCR microdevices (2010)

This paper presents a microelectrothermofluidic packaging of integrated microdevice for viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction from blood samples and its amplification through a reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for application to the point-of-care (POC) infectious disease diagnostics. Integrated microdevice consists of solid phase extraction microchannel structure, microfluidic mixer, and meander-shaped microchamber for RT-PCR. Metallic microheater and resistive temperature detection (RTD) microsenosr is monolithically integrated with fluidic components. In order to secure both electrical and fluidic interconnections, spring-loaded electrical pin and drilled microchannel structure has been design in polycarbonate micropackaging structure. In the biotesting, we have demonstrated to detect dengue serotype III virus from the 80μl of blood sample with 80pfu virus concentration.
Photolytic decomposition of gold metallopolymer thin films by UV laser direct writing (1987)

Spin-on films of polymeric Au mercaptoterpene can be photochemically decomposed at 257 nm by frequency-doubled Ar+ laser direct writing techniques at very fast writing speeds. Correlation of the linewidth of the written features with the laser beam power demonstrates that the laser writing process is purely photochemical, and that reciprocity is maintained over the entire range of accessible power density of up to 250 W/cm2. An exposure threshold is observed for the formation of adherent patterns which varies in a roughly logarithmic way with film thickness. After exposure, direct written features are developed by washing away unirradiated film with hexane and baking 15 min at 250 °C to remove all carbonaceous material, leaving behind essentially pure gold lines of high crystallinity and granular structure. Due to inherent limitations of the particular Au resinate used, final Au features have a maximum thickness of 500 Å. Resistivity is substantially higher than smooth Au films of comparable thickness.
White matter connections of the inferior parietal lobule: A study of surgical anatomy (2017)

We present a summary of the relevant anatomy of the IPL as part of a larger effort to understand the anatomic connections of related networks. This study highlights the principle white-matter pathways and highlights key underlying connections.
Topological interface modes in local resonant acoustic systems (2018)

Topological phononic crystals are artificial periodic structures that can support nontrivial acoustic topological bands, and their topological properties are linked to the existence of topological edge modes. Most previous studies have been focused on the topological edge modes in Bragg gaps, which are induced by lattice scattering. While local resonant gaps would be of great use in subwavelength control of acoustic waves, whether it is possible to achieve topological interface states in local resonant gaps is a question. In this paper, we study the topological properties of subwavelength bands in a local resonant acoustic system and elaborate the band-structure evolution using a spring-mass model. Our acoustic structure can produce three band gaps in the subwavelength region: one originates from the local resonance of unit cell and the other two stem from band folding. It is found that the topological interface states can only exist in the band-folding-induced band gaps, but never appear in the local resonant band gap. In addition, the numerical simulation in a practical system perfectly agrees with the theoretical results. Our study provides an effective approach of producing robust acoustic topological interface states in the subwavelength region.
Search for single production of scalar leptoquarks in proton-proton collisions ats=8  TeV (2016)

A search is presented for the production of both first- and second-generation scalar leptoquarks with a final state of either two electrons and one jet or two muons and one jet. The search is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=8\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ recorded with the CMS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $19.6\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Upper limits are set on both the first- and second-generation leptoquark production cross sections as functions of the leptoquark mass and the leptoquark couplings to a lepton and a quark. Results are compared with theoretical predictions to obtain lower limits on the leptoquark mass. At 95% confidence level, single production of first-generation leptoquarks with a coupling and branching fraction of 1.0 is excluded for masses below 1730 GeV, and second-generation leptoquarks with a coupling and branching fraction of 1.0 is excluded for masses below 530 GeV. These are the best overall limits on the production of first-generation leptoquarks to date.
Abstract 13239: Molecular Imaging of Arterial and Deep Vein Thrombosis: Toward a Single-modality Approach for Thrombus Detection and Fibrin Content Estimation (2014)

Thrombosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and thrombus imaging is critical for diagnosis and intervention. Current diagnostic strategies rely on different imaging modalities that are specific for distinct vascular territories, but a single-modality approach is still missing. Moreover, imaging techniques to assess thrombus composition are underdeveloped, although therapeutic strategies may benefit from such technology. Here, we tested whether non-invasive imaging using a fibrin-specific PET probe is suitable to detect the clot location and to assess fibrin content of both arterial and venous thrombi. Ferric chloride (25%) was applied on both carotid artery and femoral vein of 21 Sprague-Dawley rats to induce thrombosis. The fibrin-binding probe FBP8 was injected 1, 3 or 7 days after thrombus induction, and PET/CT imaging was performed starting 1 hour after probe injection. Ex vivo biodistribution, autoradiography and histology were performed on thrombosed and contralateral vessels...
Receptor-induced phosphorylation by mammary-derived growth factor 1 in mammary epithelial cell lines. (1992)

Previous work has shown that a mammary-derived growth factor (MDGF1), a human milk-derived, acidic, 62-kDa, N-glycosylated growth factor binds to cell surface receptors and stimulates proliferation of mammary epithelial cells. An 18-amino acid N-terminal partial sequence of the factor did not show any homology to other known growth factors or proteins. Using polyclonal antiserum raised against the synthetic peptide, we demonstrated that conditioned medium prepared from human breast cancer cell lines contains the factor. The antibody could adsorb the biological activity of the factor present in the conditioned medium. Earlier experiments on receptor cross-linking indicated that the receptor was approximately 120-140 kDa. Since tyrosine phosphorylation plays a crucial role in cell proliferation and cell transformation, experiments were conducted to find out whether MDGF1 induces the appearance of phosphotyrosine in MDGF1-receptor-positive MDA-MB 468, MCF-7, and 184A1N4 cell lines compared to receptor-negative lines. Western blot analysis using monoclonal antiphosphotyrosine indicated that MDGF1 induces phosphotyrosine in a 180-185-kDa protein in MDGF1 receptor-positive cell lines. Phosphorylation was not blocked and phosphorylated proteins were not immunoprecipitated by an antibody directed against the binding site of the EGF receptor. Cell membrane fractionation demonstrated that phosphorylation induced by MDGF1 was membrane-associated. The nature of this 180-185-kDa protein and its possible relationship to the MDGF1 receptor are under investigation.
Diffraction-limited ring beam generated by radial grating (2018)

Laser beams with ring-shaped intensity distributions have attracted much attention for a wide variety of applications in science and technology. In these applications, commonly used techniques for generating ring-shaped beams involve use of optical elements such as spiral phase plates or axicons. However, the ring-shaped beams formed by these methods have non-diffraction-limited resolution because the practical numerical aperture of a ring-shaped beam is smaller than that of a Gaussian beam. This is due to a reduction of the effective numerical aperture of the propagating beam after passing through the element. To overcome the issue, we propose an optical element composed of a radial grating to obtain a diffraction-limited ring-shaped beam. We found that a key point for optimizing the diffraction-limited ring-shaped beam is fine-tuning of the phase distribution in the ring-shaped beam. In an experiment for femtosecond laser processing with a ring-shaped beam, we demonstrated that the debris on a morphological structure fabricated by single-shot irradiation was considerably reduced because the subsequent pulse did not destroy the melt-solidification structure. Furthermore, we demonstrated the fabrication of an annular structure by single-shot ring-shaped beam irradiation in water without any inhibitory influence due to laser-induced bubble generation.
Monitoring polyolefin modification along the axis of a twin screw extruder. I. Effect of peroxide concentration (2001)

Abstract The evolution of the structure of polyolefins with different ethene/propene ratios in the absence or in presence of peroxide was monitored along a twin screw extruder. Small samples were quickly collected from the melt at specific barrel locations and characterized by rheological measurements. The rheological properties of the polyolefins are hardly affected when processing is carried out in the absence of peroxide. In the presence of peroxide both branching/crosslinking and degradation occur along the extruder, until the peroxide is fully converted. The degree of branching/crosslinking and/or degradation depends on the ethene/propene ratio, on the original molecular weight of the polymer and on the amount of peroxide added. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 58–68, 2001