gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient, Regioselective Access to Bicyclic Imidazo[1,2‐x]‐ Heterocycles via Gold‐ and Base‐Promoted Cyclization of 1‐Alkynylimidazoles. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Intrazeolite metal carbonyl kinetics: substitution reactions of molybdenum carbonyl (Mo(12CO)6) in sodium zeolite Y (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntrazeolite metal carbonyl kinetics: substitution reactions of molybdenum carbonyl (Mo(12CO)6) in sodium zeolite YHeloise O. Pastore, Geoffrey A. Ozin, and Anthony J. PoeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4, 1215–1230Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00057a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00057a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analytical modeling for prediction of chip package-level thermal performance (2016)

Performance growth in high power electronics has hit a thermal barrier. High total power dissipation requirements and the presence of localized hot spots are causing chips to exceed safe junction temperature limits, and thermally aware chip package design is crucial for ensuring reliable device operation. In this paper, an analytical model is developed as an early stage design tool to predict the thermal performance of various chip package configurations. The analytical model is based on existing multi-layered conduction models in literature and accurately predicts the maximum chip junction temperature for packages with spatially non-uniform power maps to within 1% of numerical results. The reduction in computational time per case and scripting capability for large batch simulations makes the analytical model a convenient tool for parametric studies. The model is used to predict the thermal performances of bare die and lidded packages for a wide range of thermal interface material properties, power map distributions, and system cooling technologies. Results show that bare die packages are more sensitive to changes in thermal interface material properties and power map spatial non-uniformities. For certain combinations of thermal interface materials, lidded packages may have equal or improved thermal performance over bare die packages.
Machine learning-based imaging biomarkers improve statistical power in clinical trials (2019)

Radiomic models, which leverage complex imaging patterns and machine learning, are increasingly accurate in predicting patient response to treatment and clinical outcome on an individual patient basis. In this work, we show that this predictive power can be utilized in clinical trials to significantly increase statistical power to detect treatment effects or reduce the sample size required to achieve a given power. Akin to the historical control paradigm, we propose to utilize a radiomic prediction model to generate a pseudo-control sample for each individual in the trial of interest. We then incorporate these pseudo-controls into the analysis of the clinical trial of interest using classical and well established statistical tools, and investigate statistical power. Effectively, this approach utilizes each individual’s radiomics-based predictor of outcome for comparison with the actual outcome, potentially increasing statistical power considerably, depending on the accuracy of the predictor. In simulations of treatment effects based on real radiomic predictive models from brain cancer and prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease, we show that this methodology can decrease the required sample sizes by as much as a half, depending on the strength of the radiomic predictor. We further find that this method is most helpful when treatment effect sizes are small and that power grows with the accuracy of radiomic prediction.
An Architecture to Support an Open Distributed Hypermedia System (1995)

This article outlines significant advances on Hill&amp;apos;s contribution through the provision of a heterogeneous and distributed framework, above which a new open hypermedia system has been layered. The new system retains the Microcosm philosophy but offers greater scaleability, improved process management and more efficient communication. We anticipate that users will benefit from the superior model for open hypermedia that this widely distributed version of Microcosm provides.
Synthesis and study of 9-deazaguanosine derivatives as potential inhibitors of RNA virus replication (2008)

9-Deazaguanosine and the alpha and beta anomers of its 2'-C-methyl counter part, have been synthesized and evaluated against a broad range of RNA viruses, including hepatitis C virus.
Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-Based Positive Allosteric Modulators of Human Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X1 (MRGPRX1) (2022)

Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X1 (MRGPRX1) is a human sensory neuron-specific receptor and potential target for the treatment of pain. Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of MRGPRX1 have the potential to preferentially activate the receptors at the central terminals of primary sensory neurons and minimize itch side effects caused by peripheral activation. Using a high-throughput screening (HTS) hit, a series of thieno[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine-based molecules were synthesized and evaluated as human MRGPRX1 PAMs in HEK293 cells stably transfected with human MrgprX1 gene. An iterative process to improve potency and metabolic stability led to the discovery of orally available 6-(<i>tert</i>-butyl)-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)thieno[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine (<b>1t</b>), which can be distributed to the spinal cord, the presumed site of action, following oral administration. In a neuropathic pain model induced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI), compound <b>1t</b> (100 mg/kg, po) reduced behavioral heat hypersensitivity in humanized MRGPRX1 mice, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of MRGPRX1 PAMs in treating neuropathic pain.
Circulating Aldosterone and Natriuretic Peptides in the General Community (2014)

We sought to investigate the role of aldosterone as a mediator of disease and its relationship with the counter-regulatory natriuretic peptide (NP) system. We measured plasma aldosterone (n=1674; aged≥45 years old) in a random sample of the general population from Olmsted County, MN. In a multivariate logistic regression model, aldosterone analyzed as a continuous variable was associated with hypertension (odds ratio [OR]=1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.57-1.96; P<0.0001), obesity (OR=1.34; 95% CI=1.21-1.48; P<0.0001), chronic kidney disease (OR=1.39; 95% CI=1.22-1.60; P<0.0001), central obesity (OR=1.47; 95% CI=1.32-1.63; P<0.0001), metabolic syndrome (OR=1.41; 95% CI=1.26-1.58; P<0.0001), high triglycerides (OR=1.23; 95% CI=1.11-1.36; P<0.0001), concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (OR=1.22; 95% CI=1.09-1.38; P=0.0007), and atrial fibrillation (OR=1.24; 95% CI=1.01-1.53; P=0.04), after adjusting for age and sex. The associations with hypertension, central obesity, metabolic syndrome, triglycerides, and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy remained significant after further adjustment for body mass index, NPs, and renal function. Furthermore, aldosterone in the highest tertile correlated with lower NP levels and increased mortality. Importantly, most of these associations remained significant even after excluding subjects with aldosterone levels above the normal range. In conclusion, we report that aldosterone is associated with hypertension, chronic kidney disease, obesity, metabolic syndrome, concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, and lower NPs in the general community. Our data suggest that aldosterone, even within the normal range, may be a biomarker of cardiorenal and metabolic disease. Further studies are warranted to evaluate a therapeutic and preventive strategy to delay the onset and progression of disease, using mineralocorticoid antagonists or chronic NP administration in high-risk subjects identified by plasma aldosterone.
Application of Oligonucleotide Microarrays to Assess the Biological Effects of Neoadjuvant Imatinib Mesylate Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer (2006)

This study shows that high-quality microarray data can be generated using LCM and RNA amplification to discover potential mechanisms of targeted therapy in cancer.
Design of plasmonic near-field transducers in heat-assisted magnetic recording: 1D Fourier approach (2016)

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is a potential enabling technology for ultrahigh density data storage systems. In HAMR, a near-field transducer (NFT) delivers a subdiffraction heat spot to record bits of data on a high-anisotropy magnetic media. We developed an intuitive 1D Fourier model that expedites the analysis and design of the NFT. Among other strengths, the simple model predicts rather surprisingly and in agreement with 3D simulations, that for metallic nanoresonators the longitudinal component of the electric field dominates the heat transfer to the media. The proposed Fourier model serves well as a platform to study electromagnetic behavior such as field confinement and heat spot generation of 3D NFT designs.
Phase and Microstructure of ALD-W Films Deposited Using B[sub 2]H[sub 6] and WF[sub 6] and Their Effects on CVD-W Growth (2007)

We report on the deposition properties of W nucleation layers prepared using a sequential supply of B2H6 and WF6 and their effects on the growth of the subsequent chemical vapor deposited (CVD)-W. The structural properties of the W nucleation layers such as their phase, crystallinity, and grain size depended on the deposition temperature, B2H6 flow rate, and B2H6 pulsing time. The formation of an amorphous and two forms of crystalline W film [primitive cubic beta-phase and body-centered-cubic (bcc) alpha-one] was observed, depending on the deposition temperature. X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy diffraction analysis showed that the amorphous W was dominantly deposited at temperatures of up to 350 degrees C and that when the deposition temperature was increased to 395 degrees C, the film formed the beta-phase. At a deposition temperature of 425 degrees C, the phase of the film started to be transformed into beta-phase and was completely transformed to single phase alpha-W with a very large grain size of approximately 120-180 nm at 450 degrees C. We were also able to deposit the alpha-phase W film at 395 degrees C with a lower B2H6 flow rate, but its grain size was only approximately 20-30 nm. The W nucleation layers had a significant effect on the final grain size and resistivity of the CVD-W films deposited on them. The minimum resistivity of the 50 nm thick CVD-W film with the optimized B2H6-based nucleation layer was similar to 10 mu Omega cm, while the conventional CVD-W film with a SiH4-based nucleation layer showed a resistivity of 25 mu Omega cm at the same thickness. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society.
Terrestrial exoplanet coronagraph image quality: study of polarization aberrations in Habex and LUVOIR update (2018)

Direct imaging and spectroscopy of terrestrial exoplanets requires the control of vector electromagnetic fields to approximately one part in ten to the fifth over a few milliarc second FOV to achieve the necessary 10<sup>-10</sup> intensity contrast levels. Observations using space telescopes are necessary to achieve these levels of diffracted and scattered light control. The highly reflecting metal mirrors and their coatings needed to image these very faint exoplanets introduce polarization into the wavefront, which, in turn affects image quality and reduces exoplanet yield unless corrected. To identify and create the technologies and the electro-optical/mechanical-spacecraft systems models that will achieve these levels, NASA is currently developing two mission concepts, each with their own hardware vision. These are: The Habex, a habitable planet explorer and the LUVOIR, a Large Ultra-Violet Optical-Infrared space telescope system. This paper reports the results of polarization ray-tracing the HabEx detailed optical prescription provided by the project to the authors in the fall of 2017. Diattenuation and retardance across both the exit pupil associated with the occulting mask and the exit pupil associated with the coronagraph image plane are given as well as the corresponding Jones pupil matrices. These are calculated assuming isotropic coatings on all mirrors. Analysis and physical measurements indicates that the specification of the primary mirror for exoplanet coronagraphs will need to include a constraint on spatially varying polarization reflectivity (anisotropic coatings). The Jones exit-pupil phase terms, phi XX and phi YY just before the occulting mask differ in shape and are displaced one from the other by about 10 milli-waves. This shows that A/O, which corrects for geometric path differences, cannot completely correct for wavefront errors introduced by polarization for this particular prescription for HabEx. We suggest that these differences may be corrected by adjusting the opto-mechanical design to change angles of incidence on mirrors and corrected by adjusting the design of the dielectric coatings on the highly-reflecting mirror surfaces. Super-posing the phase of XX onto the phase of YY and then correcting using A/O will assure maximum power transmittance through the system and best contrast. These aspects require further investigation.
Mechanical Spin Control of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond (2013)

We demonstrate direct coupling between phonons and diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spins by driving spin transitions with mechanically generated harmonic strain at room temperature. The amplitude of the mechanically driven spin signal varies with the spatial periodicity of the stress standing wave within the diamond substrate, verifying that we drive NV center spins mechanically. These spin-phonon interactions could offer a route to quantum spin control of magnetically forbidden transitions, which would enhance NV-based quantum metrology, grant access to direct transitions between all of the spin-1 quantum states of the NV center, and provide a platform to study spin-phonon interactions at the level of a few interacting spins.
Simple self-optimization of WDM networks based on probabilistic constellation shaping [Invited] (2019)

With the advent of novel elastic optical transponders allowing for fine rate granularity, network designers can maximize the throughput of current installed and future wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) infrastructures. In this sense, data flow can be properly optimized for each optical connection, while avoiding unnecessary margins. Such a connection mode of operation should rely on a simple mechanism. This paper illustrates how a SNR-driven self-optimization of optical connections is relevant for elastic WDM networks, especially when associated with probabilistic constellation shaping, allowing rate tunability while maximizing spectral efficiency. In addition, we study a WDM North American backbone network to quantify the savings brought by this self-optimization in terms of transponder equipment for 10 years, as compared to conventional planning usually relying upon “end of life” assumptions.
Opportunities and Challenges of FinFET as a Device Structure Candidate for 14nm Node CMOS Technology (2011)

FinFET is a promising device candidate for 14nm node CMOS technology. We have developed FinFET device showing superior short channel control at 25nm gate length. This FinFET device featuring gate first high-k/metal gate and merged Epi source/drain process. Key process improvements to resolve the FinFET unique challenges are presented. High drive currents have been obtained for both nFET and pFET. All these results show FinFET is the most promising candidate for 14nm node CMOS technology.
Timing jitter and bit errors in a 64-bit circular shift register (1999)

The bit-error rate of a 64-bit single-flux-quantum circular shift register, operating at a clock frequency of 10-16 GHz was measured. Error incidence depends on the values of the clock and data bias currents and on the clock frequency. Timing violation arising from thermal jitter is the dominant error mechanism. The jitter per JTL stage is estimated to be 290 fs based on the error rate data. This corresponds to a noise temperature of 8-9 K.
[Influence of the primary membrane on lipid apheresis selectivity in cascade filtration]. (1994)

In apheresis, plasma separation from whole blood may be achieved by filtration. Some plasmapheresis membranes do not seem to be totally permeable to proteins: for instance, polyvinyl alcohol membrane presents apparent sieving coefficients significantly lower than 1, especially for apolipoproteins B (S' = 0.74 +/- 0.15). Moreover, severe membrane fouling is noticed during the treatment. The low permeability of the primary membrane for ApoB induces direct recirculation of this lipoprotein to the patient, without any chance of removal by the second membrane. In order to increase double filtration performance, it seems necessary to use plasmalfilters with a pore diameter of 0.5 microns. These filters are more permeable to plasma proteins and eliminate pathogenic protein better during the second stage of the process.
Residue-specific high-resolution 17O solid-state NMR of peptides: multidimensional indirect 1H detection and magic-angle spinning (2022)

Oxygen is an integral component of proteins and nucleic acids, but remains sparsely studied in such samples because its only NMR active isotope, 17O, is a low sensitivity and resolution species. These properties are a consequence of its low natural abundance (0.039%) and the fact that 17O is a S = 5/2 nuclide with large quadrupolar couplings (6-11 MHz). In this work, we address these issues with efficient isotopic labeling, high magnetic fields, fast magic-angle spinning and indirect 1H detection. This combination of refinements, in conjunction with multidimensional heteronuclear correlation experiments, improves sensitivity and permits observation of oxygen sites specific to each amino acid residue in a model dipeptide sample in a manner consistent with the goal of high resolution. In particular, double-quantum cross-polarization at high sample spinning frequencies is found to provide efficient polarization transfer between 13C and 17O nuclei. Notably, the use of 17O as the initial source of polarization for experiments, as opposed to 1H, is found to be advantageous in terms of sensitivity per unit time due to the short 17O T1 relaxation. Additionally, the second-order quadrupolar broadening in the 17O dimension is averaged by incorporation of a low-power multiple-quantum sequence to yield sharp isotropic peaks. Comparison of isotropic and anisotropic 17O spectra allows extraction of quadrupolar parameters for each oxygen site. Finally, the high 17O resolution obtained is used in 3D experiments in combination with 13C polarization transfers and subsequent 1H detection to demonstrate the potential to determine sequential assignments and long range distance restraints. Collectively, these results suggest that 17O correlation spectroscopy can become an essential tool in the repertoire of techniques for biomolecular structure determination with the backbone 17O that has not yet been fully utilized.
An overview of network coding for dynamically changing networks (2009)

We here advocate the case for network coding as a guiding paradigm for the operation of networks that vary in a small time frame due to node mobility, channel variations and varying traffic conditions. Three ideas that appeared successively in time brought in place an elegant network coding operation in such environments: use of randomised network coding for intermediate node operation, use of generations to avoid need of synchronisation and use of subspace coding to allow for small packet sizes. Information theoretical performance limits support these results.
Partial freezing of rat livers extends preservation time by 5-fold (2022)

The limited preservation duration of organs has contributed to the shortage of organs for transplantation. Recently, a tripling of the storage duration was achieved with supercooling, which relies on temperatures between -4 and -6 °C. However, to achieve deeper metabolic stasis, lower temperatures are required. Inspired by freeze-tolerant animals, we entered high-subzero temperatures (-10 to -15 °C) using ice nucleators to control ice and cryoprotective agents (CPAs) to maintain an unfrozen liquid fraction. We present this approach, termed partial freezing, by testing gradual (un)loading and different CPAs, holding temperatures, and storage durations. Results indicate that propylene glycol outperforms glycerol and injury is largely influenced by storage temperatures. Subsequently, we demonstrate that machine perfusion enhancements improve the recovery of livers after freezing. Ultimately, livers that were partially frozen for 5-fold longer showed favorable outcomes as compared to viable controls, although frozen livers had lower cumulative bile and higher liver enzymes.
Microbial Immune Suppression Mediated by Direct Engagement of Inhibitory Fc Receptor (2006)

A microbial polysaccharide (glucuronoxylomannan (GXM)) exerts potent immunosuppression by direct engagement to immunoinhibitory receptor FcgammaRIIB. Activation of FcgammaRIIB by GXM leads to the recruitment and phosphorylation of SHIP that prevents IkappaBalpha activation. The FcgammaRIIB blockade inhibits GXM-induced IL-10 production and induces TNF-alpha secretion. GXM quenches LPS-induced TNF-alpha release via FcgammaRIIB. The addition of mAb to GXM reverses GXM-induced immunosuppression by shifting recognition from FcgammaRIIB to FcgammaRIIA. These findings indicate a novel mechanism by which microbial products can impair immune function through direct stimulation of an inhibitory receptor. Furthermore, our observations provide a new mechanism for the ability of specific Ab to reverse the immune inhibitory effects of certain microbial products.