gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid, Mild, and Selective Ketone and Aldehyde Hydroboration/Reduction Mediated by a Simple Lanthanide Catalyst (2017)

Rapid, clean hydroboration of ketones and aldehydes with HBpin is achieved using the homoleptic rare-earth catalyst La[N(SiMe3)2]3 (LaNTMS). The reaction employs low catalyst loadings (0.01–1 mol % LaNTMS), proceeds rapidly (>99% in 5 min) at 25 °C, and is moderately air-tolerant. Additionally, this hydroboration has good functional group compatibility, including halides, nitro groups, and nitriles, and is exclusively carbonyl-selective in the presence of alkenes and alkynes.
Adaptive optics optical coherence tomography with dynamic retinal tracking (2014)

Adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) is a highly sensitive and noninvasive method for three dimensional imaging of the microscopic retina. Like all in vivo retinal imaging techniques, however, it suffers the effects of involuntary eye movements that occur even under normal fixation. In this study we investigated dynamic retinal tracking to measure and correct eye motion at KHz rates for AO-OCT imaging. A customized retina tracking module was integrated into the sample arm of the 2nd-generation Indiana AO-OCT system and images were acquired on three subjects. Analyses were developed based on temporal amplitude and spatial power spectra in conjunction with strip-wise registration to independently measure AO-OCT tracking performance. After optimization of the tracker parameters, the system was found to correct eye movements up to 100 Hz and reduce residual motion to 10 µm root mean square. Between session precision was 33 µm. Performance was limited by tracker-generated noise at high temporal frequencies.
The N276 Glycosylation Site Is Required for HIV-1 Neutralization by the CD4 Binding Site Specific HJ16 Monoclonal Antibody (2013)

Immunogen design for HIV-1 vaccines could be based on epitope identification of naturally occurring neutralizing antibodies in infected patients. A tier 2 neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb), HJ16 recognizes a new epitope in the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) region that only partially overlaps with the b12 epitope. We aimed to identify the critical binding site by resistance induction in a sensitive primary CRF02_AG strain. In four independent dose-escalation studies, the N276D mutation was consistently the only alteration found and it was confirmed to be responsible for resistance to HJ16 by site-directed mutagenesis in envelopes (envs) of the homologous CRF02_AG, as well as of a subtype A and a subtype C primary isolate. This mutation removes an N-linked glycosylation site. The effect of N276D was very selective, as it failed to confer resistance to a range of other entry inhibitors. Remarkably, sensitivity to the CD4bs VRC01 and VRC03 mAbs was increased in the N276D mutated viruses. These data indicate that binding of the CD4bs specific HJ16 mAb critically depends on the interaction with the N276-glycan, thus indicating that HJ16 is the first glycan dependent CD4bs-specific mAb.
FT‐FIR Spectroscopy of Ligand‐Free Metal Clusters; Matrix Effects on the Molecular Geometry of Trichromium, Cr3 (1983)

Abstract The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983 , 92. DOI: 10.1002/anie.198300920
The effect of die materials and pressure-dependent slip on the extrusion of linear low-density polyethylene (1997)

The flow of linear low-density polyethylene through stainless-steel slit dies occurred at shear rates approximately 12% higher than in identical α-brass dies at the same wall shear stresses, indicating near-wall slip. The flow curves were independent of gap spacing. We show through the slip theory of Hill and co-workers [J. Rheol. 34, 891–918 (1990)] that a measurable gap dependence of the flow curve is not a necessary consequence of wall slip; the flow curves for both stainless steel and α-brass dies can be fit with the same rheological parameters, with a difference in the work of adhesion accounting for the differences in the flow curves. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed differences in the chemistry of brass surfaces with different pretreating, corresponding to small differences in flow curves. Fluorocarbon-coated die surfaces showed no more slip than stainless steel, while the flow curve with gold-coated surfaces followed stainless steel at intermediate stress and brass at high stress.
Experimental Investigation and Numerical Prediction of Radiative Heat Transfer (2002)

Experimental Investigation and Numerical Prediction of Radiative Heat Transfer Introduction Fundamentals of Radiative Transfer Numerical Prediction of Radiative Transfer Radiative Properties Radiative Transfer Experimental Techniques Investigation of Gas Turbine Liner Materials Spectral Emissivity of Thermal Barrier Coatings Reflectivity of Liner Materials Radiation in Enclosures with Non-Diffusive Reflecting Surfaces Test Section and Experimental Techniques Comparison with Radiative Transfer Models Radiation of Combustors Numerical Techniques Model Combustors Temperature Field Effect of Radiation on the Temperature Field Radiation Spectra
Transformation electromagnetic design of beam polarization rotators (2009)

In this paper, a transformation electromagnetic device that changes the polarization of the incoming beam is introduced. Specifically, the embedded coordinate transformation is employed to design a three-dimensional (3D) beam polarization rotator. The material specifications of the design are derived and the performance is verified using full-wave electromagnetic simulations.
Evaluation of a PEGylated Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Variant Using Novel Preclinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Elastography in a Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (2022)

1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
Opening (Policy): A new perspective on the global energy transition (2021)

This session will communicate evidence on near-term mitigation opportunities for supporting CoP26 objectives, and invite policy response.
Reactive Astrocytes Promote ALS-like Degeneration and Intracellular Protein Aggregation in Human Motor Neurons by Disrupting Autophagy through TGF-β1 (2017)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and rapidly progressing motor neuron disease. Astrocytic factors are known to contribute to motor neuron degeneration and death in ALS. However, the role of astrocyte in promoting motor neuron protein aggregation, a disease hallmark of ALS, remains largely unclear. Here, using culture models of human motor neurons and primary astrocytes of different genotypes (wild-type or SOD1 mutant) and reactive states (non-reactive or reactive), we show that reactive astrocytes, regardless of their genotypes, reduce motor neuron health and lead to moderate neuronal loss. After prolonged co-cultures of up to 2 months, motor neurons show increased axonal and cytoplasmic protein inclusions characteristic of ALS. Reactive astrocytes induce protein aggregation in part by releasing transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), which disrupts motor neuron autophagy through the mTOR pathway. These results reveal the important contribution of reactive astrocytes in promoting aspects of ALS pathology independent of genetic influences.
Cyclophilin A Interacts with HIV-1 Vpr and Is Required for Its Functional Expression (2003)

Viral protein R (Vpr) of human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) is the major virion-associated accessory protein that affects a number of biological functions in the retroviral life cycle, including promotion of the transport of the preintegration complex into the nucleus and the induction of G2 host cell cycle arrest. Our recent investigation of the conformational heterogeneity of the proline residues in the N terminus of Vpr suggested a functional interaction between Vpr and a host peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) that might regulate the cis/trans interconversion of the imidic bond within the conserved proline residues of Vpr in vivo. Using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, Far Western blot, and pulldown experiments a physical interaction of Vpr with the major host PPIase cyclophilin A (CypA) is now demonstrated. The interaction domain involves the N-terminal region of Vpr including an essential role for proline in position 35. The CypA inhibitor cyclosporin A and non-immunosuppressive PPIase inhibitors such as NIM811 and sanglifehrin A block expression of Vpr without affecting pre- or post-translational events such as transcription, intracellular transport, or virus incorporation of Vpr. Similarly to CypA inhibition, Vpr expression is also reduced in HIV-1 infected CypA-/- knock-out T cells. This study thus shows that in addition to the interaction between CypA and HIV-1 capsid occurring during early steps in virus replication, CypA is also important for the de novo synthesis of Vpr and that in the absence of CypA activity, the Vpr-mediated cell cycle arrest is completely lost in HIV-1-infected T cells.
Single Crystal Study of the 19F Shielding Tensors of a Trifluoromethyl Group (1972)

Coherent averaging techniques are used to examine the 19F shielding tensors of the trifluoromethyl group in single crystals of silver trifluoroacetate. At room temperature, where the CF3 groups are rotating rapidly, the spectrum consists of a single line whose orientation dependence allows a determination of the orientation of the CF3 groups in the unit cell. The rigid lattice (40°K) spectra exhibit the six lines expected on the basis of the x-ray crystal structure, also determined in this work, and allow a determination of all six independent elements of each of the three incongruent chemical shift tensors.
Magnetic Properties of Lower Core Loss Soft Magnetic Composites Made from Heat Resistance MgO Insulation Coated Iron Powders (2006)

To decrease the hysteresis losses of soft magnetic composite (SMC) cores, it is effective that the coercivity of cores is reduced by the high temperature stress relieving annealing to the green compacts. It is reported about magnetic properties of SMC, which MgO system evaporation insulation coating on the surface of iron powders had greater heat-resistance than the conventional phosphate insulation coating. We found that it can be obtained new SMC core with lower iron loss made from iron powders with evaporated MgO insulation coating. The iron loss of them at 50 Hz for Bm = 1.5 T was lower 30% of the conventional SMC core and was almost the same with the laminated steel (50H600) core. It became clear that typical MgO insulating films had microcrystallines have the thickness of about 50 nm and enough heat resistance.
Tree-structured complementary filter banks using all-pass sections (1987)

Tree-structured complementary filter banks are developed with transfer functions that are simultaneously all-pass complementary and power complementary. Using a formulation based on unitary transforms and all-pass functions, we obtain analysis and synthesis filter banks which are related through a transposition operation, such that the cascade of analysis and synthesis filter banks achieves an all-pass function. The simplest structure is obtained using a Hadamard transform, which is shown to correspond to a binary tree structure. Tree structures can be generated for a variety of other unitary transforms as well. In addition, given a tree-structured filter bank where the number of bands is a power of two, simple methods are developed to generate complementary filter banks with an arbitrary number of channels, which retain the transpose relationship between analysis and synthesis banks, and allow for any combination of bandwidths. The structural properties of the filter banks are illustrated with design examples, and multirate applications are outlined.
Thymic Lymphocytes in Obese (ob/ob) Mice (1974)

Abstract In the genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse, a well characterized model of insulin resistance, the number of insulin receptors on thymic lymphocytes is decreased as has been previously noted with liver cells and with liver and fat cell membranes from these animals. Furthermore, insulin stimulates the transport of α-aminoisobutyric acid less effectively in thymocytes from the obese mice than in cells from thin animals, suggesting that a reduction in receptors per cell is associated with a decrease in cell responsiveness to insulin. Thus it appears that the insulin receptors in lymphocytes respond in vivo to the same metabolic influences as do receptors in liver and fat and are therefore suitable for the study of the physiology of the insulin receptors.
Structural Optimization of Photonic Crystals for Enhancing Optical Absorption of Thin Film Silicon Solar Cell Structures (2014)

We carry out the structural design of photonic crystals to enhance the optical absorption of thin-film microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si) solar cells using two methods. First, by exhaustive search, we choose a structure with the largest absorption within the investigated patterns. Then we employ a sensitivity analysis to finely modulate the structure for further increase of the optical absorption. The obtained μc-Si solar cell structure with a photonic crystal in this work has more than twice as much optical absorption as that without a photonic crystal.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio Performance of a Time-Varying Matching Network for Pulse-Based Systems (2010)

This paper presents a study of the noise performance of a time-varying impedance matching technique. A mathematical model is developed for calculating the impulse response of the matching design that reconfigures itself in the real time between two subsystems. Based on this model, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation of the matching network is defined and analyzed. Simulations of a typical matching design for RL sources show that the SNR degradation is generally lower than 1 dB for common pulse signals including single-cycle sinusoids and Gaussian pulses. Particularly, the time-varying matching design for a high-quality (Q >; 10) source can be optimized to have an impulse response that matches monocycle pulses very well, leading to a near-optimal SNR performance (less than 0.1-dB SNR degradation). The theoretical results are validated experimentally by an implementation of the matching technique for electrically small loop antennas. Lower than 1.5-dB SNR degradation is measured for most cases. The effect of switch noise is also investigated in this paper.
A structure‐based strategy for discovery of small ligands binding to functionally unknown proteins: Combination of in silico screening and surface plasmon resonance measurements (2005)

In the postgenomic era, many researchers and organizations have been engaged in structural and functional analyses of proteins. As a part of these efforts, searching for small organic compounds that bind specifically to target proteins is quite important. In this study, we have developed a rational strategy for ligand discovery based on the three-dimensional structures of target proteins, which were elucidated by X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The strategy has three features: (i) rapid selection of candidate compounds by in silico screening, (ii) automated preparation of sample solutions with robotics, and (iii) reliable evaluation of the candidates with surface plasmon resonance. Applying the strategy to a protein, At2g24940 from Arabidopsis thaliana, we discovered four small ligands out of a commercially available library of about 150 000 compounds. Although these compounds had only weak affinities to the target protein, with dissociation constants ranging from 68 to 120 microM, they apparently possess common structural features. They would be leads for the development of specific inhibitors/drugs for At2g24940, and provide important clues toward elucidation of the protein function.
Case 1 (2013)

Case presentations focus on mapping techniques, diagnosis, and proper catheter placement for successful ablation of arrhythmias. This case focuses on tachycardia, bundle branch block, the His bundle, and the tricuspid annulus.
Optimization with Energy Management of PV Battery Stand-Alone Systems over Life Cycle (2006)

International audience
Differential effects of p21(WAF1/CIP1) deficiency on MMTV-ras and MMTV-myc mammary tumor properties. (2002)

p21(WAF1/CIP1) (p21) functions as a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor and is a key mediator of p53-dependent growth arrest. However, its role in cell cycle regulation is complex, because it also appears to promote CDK activity in certain experimental contexts. Its potential role in tumor suppression was evaluated in MMTV-ras and MMTV-myc transgenic mice that were interbred to p21(WAF1/CIP1) knockout mice (p21-/-). p21 deficiency had differential effects on tumor incidence and age of onset, proliferation, and apoptosis in the presence of these two oncogenes. Tumors arising in MMTV-ras/p21-/- mice displayed higher S-phase fractions and correspondingly increased cyclin D1 and E/CDK activity than MMTV-ras tumors. In contrast, MMTV-myc/p21-/- tumors had lower S-phase fractions and levels of cyclin D1 and E/CDK activity than MMTV-myc tumors. In both tumor types, changes in cyclin D1 and E/CDK activity were paralleled by changes in the corresponding cyclin protein levels. Tumor cell apoptosis was also differentially influenced by p21 deficiency in the two models. MMTV-ras/p21-/- tumors exhibited a significant increase in spontaneous apoptosis as compared with MMTV-ras tumors, whereas p21 deficiency had minimal effect on apoptosis in MMTV-myc tumors. These results indicate that the effects of p21 expression on cellular proliferation are differentially affected by the expression of different oncogenes, and that p21 may play a role in promoting either growth arrest or proliferation, depending on the specific cellular context.
Interaction of high-molecular-weight kininogen with endothelial cell binding proteins suPAR, gC1qR and cytokeratin 1 determined by Surface Plasmon Resonance (BiaCore) (2011)

The physiologic activation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system requires the assembly of its constituents on a cell membrane. High- molecular-weight kininogen (HK) and cleaved HK (HKa) both interact with at least three endothelial cell binding proteins: urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), globular C1q receptor (gC1qR,) and cytokeratin 1 (CK1). The affinity of HK and HKa for endothelial cells are KD=7-52 nM. The contribution of each protein is unknown. We examined the direct binding of HK and HKa to the soluble extracellular form of uPAR (suPAR), gC1qR and CK1 using surface plasmon resonance. Each binding protein linked to a CM-5 chip and the association, dissociation and KD (equilibrium constant) were measured. The interaction of HK and HKa with each binding protein was zinc-dependent. The affinity for HK and HKa was gC1qR>CK1>suPAR, indicating that gC1qR is dominant for binding. The affinity for HKa compared to HK was the same for gC1qR, 2.6-fold tighter for CK1 but 53-fold tighter for suPAR. Complex between binding proteins was only observed between gC1qR and CK1 indicating that a binary CK1-gC1qR complex can form independently of kininogen. Although suPAR has the weakest affinity of the three binding proteins, it is the only one that distinguished between HK and HKa. This finding indicates that uPAR may be a key membrane binding protein for differential binding and signalling between the cleaved and uncleaved forms of kininogen. The role of CK1 and gC1qR may be to initially bind HK to the membrane surface before productive cleavage to HKa.
<title>Computer simulation and experiments to investigate the effects of frequency-dependent attenuation and dispersion on speed-of-sound estimates in cancellous bone</title> (2001)

Many studies have demonstrated that time-domain speed-of- sound (SOS) measurement sin calcaneus are predictive of osteoporotic fracture risk. However there is a lack of standardization for this measurement. Consequently, different investigators using different measurement systems and analysis algorithms obtain disparate quantitative values for calcaneal SOS, impairing and often precluding meaningful comparison and/or pooling of measurements. A numerical method has been developed to model the effects of frequency- dependent attenuation and dispersion on transit-time-based SOS estimates. The numerical technique is based on a previously developed linear system analytic model for Gaussian pulses propagating through linearly attenuating, weakly dispersive media. The numerical approach is somewhat more general in that it can be used to predict the effects of arbitrary pulse shapes and dispersion relationships. The numerical technique however utilizes several additional assumptions (compared with the analytic model) which would be required for the practical task of correcting existing clinical databases. These include a single dispersion relationship for all calcaneus samples, a simple linear model relating phase velocity to broadband ultrasonic attenuation, and a constant calcaneal thickness. Measurements on a polycarbonate plate and thirty human calcaneus samples were in good quantitative agreement with numerical predictions. In addition, the numerical approach predicts that in cancellous bone, frequency-dependent attenuation tends to be a greater contributor to variations in transit-time-based SOS estimates than dispersion. This approach may be used to adjust previously acquired individual measurements so that SOS data recorded with different devices using different algorithms may be compared in a meaningful fashion.
Double-Ring Resonator Optical Gyroscopes (2018)

A double-ring fiber resonator consists of two coplanar rings of approximately equal lengths closed upon themselves and coupled together with a 3 × 3 coupler. This coupled resonator exhibits transmission spectra more complex than a single-ring resonator, including one or two resonances per free spectral range, depending on the length mismatch between rings. Analytical expressions are derived for the rotation sensitivity of such a structure used as a gyroscope based on the Sagnac effect. Numerical simulations show that with suitable wavelength biasing of the probe laser, the rotation sensitivity is the maximum when the coupling constant is equal to the round-trip loss of each ring, and when the length mismatch is equal to λ/2 [mod. λ] for planar couplers and zero [mod. λ] for triangular couplers . An interesting property of this structure is that for any value of the mismatch there is a coupling constant that maximizes the sensitivity, and this maximum sensitivity depends weakly on the length mismatch. The reason is that changing the mismatch redistributes the light intensity between the two rings, but it essentially does not change the number of times light recirculates around the two rings combined, to which the sensitivity is proportional. However, if the probe-laser frequency is locked to one of the rings and the coupling constant kept fixed at its optimum value, independent thermal fluctuations of the length of the second ring will cause significant variations in the sensitivity. It is shown that when all three parameters are optimized (length mismatch, coupling, and probe wavelength), the transmission of the double-ring resonator takes the exact form of that of a single-ring resonator of equal loss and length, and that it also has exactly the same rotation sensitivity.