gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defect structure of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition-grown epitaxial (0001) GaN/Al2O3 (1996)

Defect structures were investigated by transmission electron microscopy for GaN/Al2O3 (0001) epilayers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition using a two-step process. The defect structures, including threading dislocations, partial dislocation bounding stacking faults, and inversion domains, were analyzed by diffraction contrast, high-resolution imaging, and convergent beam diffraction. GaN film growth was initiated at 600 °C with a nominal 20 nm nucleation layer. This was followed by high-temperature growth at 1080 °C. The near-interfacial region of the films consists of a mixture of cubic and hexagonal GaN, which is characterized by a high density of stacking faults bounded by Shockley and Frank partial dislocations. The near-interfacial region shows a high density of inversion domains. Above ∼0.5 μm thickness, the film consists of isolated threading dislocations of either pure edge, mixed, or pure screw character with a total density of ∼7×108 cm−2. The threading dislocation reduction in these films is associated with cubic to hexagonal transformation of the nucleation layer region during high temperature growth.
Although Inconvenient, Baclofen Pumps Do Not Complicate Scoliosis Surgery in Patients With Cerebral Palsy (2015)

4.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Synthons via Chloroperoxidase Catalysis (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Syntheses of thunbergols and α- and β-cembra-2,7,11-triene-4,6-diols (1997)

Alkylation of the racemic sulfone 25, available from the epoxide 8, using the iodide 24 followed by reduction gives the protected hydroxy acetal 27. Selective deprotection gives the alcohol 28. This is converted into the bromide 29 which is used to alkylate the keto phosphonate 33. Hydrolysis of the alkylated keto phosphonate 30 gives the aldehyde 31 which is cyclised under mild conditions (63%) and the product treated with methylmagnesium iodide, to give the racemic thunbergols 3 and 4, in a ratio of 3∶4 = 10∶90. The laevorotatory sulfone 25 has been prepared by regioselective ring-opening of the epoxide 38 followed by hydrogenation, selective protection and functional group modification. After alkylation of this sulfone using the iodide 24 and conversion into the aldehyde 46, an asymmetric aldol condensation gives the hydroxy amide 47 which is converted directly into the hydroxy keto phosphonate 49 by reaction with an excess of lithiated dimethyl methylphosphonate. After protection of the hydroxy group, selective hydrolysis of the acetal gives the aldehyde 51 which is cyclised as before to give the naturally occurring cembratrienediols 1 and 2 after reaction with methylmagnesium iodide and deprotection.
Speculative Execution as an Operating System Service (2006)

Software faults and vulnerabilities continue to present significant obstacles to achieving reliable and secure software. In an effort to overcome these obstacles, systems often incorporate self-monitoring and self-healing functionality. Our hypothesis is that internal monitoring is not an effective long-term strategy. However, monitoring mechanisms that are completely external lose the advantage of application-specific knowledge available to an inline monitor. To balance these tradeoffs, we present the design of VxF, an environment where both supervision and automatic remediation can take place by speculatively executing 'slices' of an application. VxF introduces the concept of an endolithic kernel by providing execution as an operating system service: execution of a process slice takes place inside a kernel thread rather than directly on the system microprocessor.
Calibration techniques for digital phased arrays (2009)

Several techniques for calibrating and aligning different aspects of a digital phased array are demonstrated using a 16-element, panelized, vertically-polarized S-band subarray with element-level digitization on both transmit and receive. These techniques make use of the element-level functionality not only to expedite the process of initial alignment and calibration but to enhance the ability of the array to maintain and enforce this calibration over time as RF/analog system variations occur. A method for maintaining element amplitude and phase over time in fully digitized arrays is demonstrated as well as a technique for element-level self-calibration of quadrature mismatches.
Selective Aerobic Oxidation in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by the H5PV2Mo10O40 Polyoxometalate. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Improved Total Synthesis of PET HSV‐tk Gene Reporter Probe 9‐(4‐[18F]Fluoro‐3‐hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine ([18F]FHBG) (2004)

Abstract An improved total synthesis of [18F]FHBG starting from triethyl‐1,1,2‐ethanetricarboxylate and 2‐amino‐6‐chloropurine is reported. [18F]FHBG was prepared by nucleophilic substitution of the appropriate precursor with [18F]KF/Kryptofix 2.2.2 followed by a quick deprotection reaction and purification with a simplified Silica Sep‐Pak solid‐phase extraction (SPE) method in 20–25% radiochemical yield.
Fabrication of TFA-MOD YBCO Films Using the Y<sub>2</sub>Ba<sub>1</sub>Cu<sub>1</sub>O<sub>x</sub> and Ba<sub>3</sub>Cu<sub>5</sub>O<sub>8</sub> Powders (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
HAML-SSD: A Hardware Accelerated Hotness-Aware Machine Learning based SSD Management (2019)

Solid state drive (SSD) as a fast storage device has been playing an important role across many applications from mobile computing to large distributed systems in recent years. However, the performance of the SSD can be degraded tremendously due to the intrinsic properties of NAND-based flash memory including limited erase cycles and asymmetric write and erase operations. Previous works separated hot/cold data into different blocks in order to improve SSD performance. “Hotness” is typically defined as the cumulative update frequencies of pages. However, we believe that an additional new parameter, average update time interval, should also be considered into the “hotness” definition associated with the update frequency. Moreover, to adaptively classify hot/cold data, a machine learning algorithm is applied to better accommodate the dynamically changed I/O access patterns of traces. In this paper, a machine learning (ML) based SSD management called HAML-SSD is proposed. The purpose of applying the ML algorithm is to dynamically cluster the data with similar “hotness” based on a new definition of “hotness”. Thus, a two-dimension clustering algorithm is used for storing the pages categorized into the same cluster within the same block. Moreover, to obtain reasonable training time, a specific hardware component called HAML-unit is designed in the SSD. Finally, the experimental results indicate that the HAML-SSD decreases the response time around 26.3% - 57.7% compared to previous works with the evaluation of real traces.
A lightweight algorithm for the detection of fake incident reports in wireless communication systems (2023)

Sensor devices in 6G technology are an affordable method for identifying target incidents within large wireless communication systems (WCSs). However, they face potential compromise or capture by compromised actors. For instance, fake incident reports in a compromised device can result in congested networks that hinder the passage of valid incident data. Fake incident reports can be identified, although this approach can prove tricky because of the requirement for certification tokens, which do not always offer a workable solution to congested networks. One suggested strategy would involve creating space-efficient Bloom filters. Their creation would result from correctly combining the correct devices and placing them in each device in advance. The next stage would see an incident report appear, featuring an XOR of the tokens (XT), with all devices confirming the information according to its Bloom filter. Illegally acquiring a device can prove costly because it would compromise the Bloom filter data and the XT allocated to the correct incident report. Thus, this study suggests using a secure algorithm to update the data. Unlike existing studies, detecting a fake incident report would only increase by approximately one hop; however, the amount of traffic created by a compromised device would decrease by around 60%. Thus, the suggested method would lessen the traffic resulting from attacks featuring file incident reports, which would, in turn, make the network less congested.
Targeting tissue factor-expressing tumor angiogenesis and tumors with EF24 conjugated to factor VIIa (2008)

Tissue factor (TF) is aberrantly expressed on tumor vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and on cancer cells in many malignant tumors, but not on normal VECs, making it a promising target for cancer therapy. As a transmembrane receptor for coagulation factor VIIa (fVIIa), TF forms a high-affinity complex with its cognate ligand, which is subsequently internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Accordingly, we developed a method for selectively delivering EF24, a potent synthetic curcumin analog, to TF-expressing tumor vasculature and tumors using fVIIa as a drug carrier. EF24 was chemically conjugated to fVIIa through a tripeptide-chloromethyl ketone. After binding to TF-expressing targets by fVIIa, EF24 will be endocytosed along with the drug carrier and will exert its cytotoxicity. Our results showed that the conjugate inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in a rabbit cornea model and in a Matrigel model in athymic nude mice. The conjugate-induced apoptosis in tumor cells and significantly reduced tumor size in human breast cancer xenografts in athymic nude mice as compared with the unconjugated EF24. By conjugating potent drugs to fVIIa, this targeted drug delivery system has the potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy, while reducing toxic side effects. It may also prove to be useful for treating drug-resistant tumors and micro-metastases in addition to primary tumors.
Impact of system specifications on analogue CMOS implementations of continuously programmable cellular neural networks (2002)

The analogue VLSI implementation of cellular neural networks that are fully programmable with continuous valued weights and operate in continuous time, is treated. The impact of dynamic range of the weights, the connection pattern of the cells and the necessary accuracy of the system on the hardware requirements is discussed. A practical example of the first fully programmable 4/spl times/4 CNN chip is presented. The successful operation of the chip is illustrated with measurement results. This chip is a programmable image processor and the templates can be considered as its instructions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electronic and Mechanical Properties of Planar and Tubular Boron Structures (2004)

We report the results of first-principles calculations showing that boron can form a wide variety of metastable planar and tubular forms with unusual electronic and mechanical properties. The preferred planar structure is a buckled triangular lattice that breaks the threefold ground state degeneracy of the flat triangular plane. When the plane is rolled into a tube, the ground state degeneracy leads to a strong chirality dependence of the binding energy and elastic response, an unusual property that is not found in carbon nanotubes. The achiral $(n,0)$ tubes derive their structure from the flat triangular plane. The achiral $(n,n)$ boron nanotubes arise from the buckled plane, and have large cohesive energies and different structures as a result. $(n,n)$ boron nanotubes have an internal relaxation mechanism that results in a very low Poisson ratio. The strong variation in elastic properties of boron nanotubes makes them the mechanical analogue of carbon nanotubes, and may make them ideal candidates for applications in composite materials and nanoelectromechanical systems.
<title>High-speed and large-capacity phase-change rewritable disk recording for digital video</title> (1994)

A rewritable digital video disc recorder, using four optical heads on both sides of a 30 cm disk which improves the data transfer rate up to 128 Mbps for phase change rewritable media, has been developed. We achieved 19 GB large capacity which realizes 20 minute Composite digital video signal recording, with new double sided multi-head MCAV method and high density mark edge recording.
Digital Halftoning (2020)

This chapter presents encoding methods, commonly called halftoning, that are used to reduce the number of quantization levels per pixel in a digital image while maintaining the gray appearance of the image at normal reading distance. These techniques are widely employed in the printing and display of digital images. The close relationship allows much of the wisdom of the graphic arts printing industry concerning tone reproduction, screen visibility, moir6, and so on, to be applied directly to digital halftoning methods. Knuth described a dot-diffusion method of halftoning that diffuses quantization error within a halftone cell. Broja et al. describe an iterative Fourier transform procedure for producing halftone images with controlled spectral characteristics. Most recently, Peli described a multiresolution approach to halftoning, where accumulated quantization error is uniformly distributed in all directions.
Phase-controlled DC-AC converter with high-frequency switching (1988)

An analysis of the phase-controlled DC-AC converter is presented. This converter has a pair of switches in each side of the primary and the secondary of the isolation transformer. The voltage conversion ratio is controlled by the phase difference between the two pairs of switches. The averaged equivalent circuit for low frequency operation is derived. The switching surge during commutation is much reduced by dividing the reactor into two parts. As a result, the transformer is miniaturized by increasing the switching frequency and the reactive energy can be easily recovered to the DC source. This DC-AC converter is especially suitable for small uninterruptible power supply systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Plasmodium falciparum Parasites Are Killed by a Transition State Analogue of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase in a Primate Animal Model (2011)

Plasmodium falciparum causes most of the one million annual deaths from malaria. Drug resistance is widespread and novel agents against new targets are needed to support combination-therapy approaches promoted by the World Health Organization. Plasmodium species are purine auxotrophs. Blocking purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) kills cultured parasites by purine starvation. DADMe-Immucillin-G (BCX4945) is a transition state analogue of human and Plasmodium PNPs, binding with picomolar affinity. Here, we test BCX4945 in Aotus primates, an animal model for Plasmodium falciparum infections. Oral administration of BCX4945 for seven days results in parasite clearance and recrudescence in otherwise lethal infections of P. falciparum in Aotus monkeys. The molecular action of BCX4945 is demonstrated in crystal structures of human and P. falciparum PNPs. Metabolite analysis demonstrates that PNP blockade inhibits purine salvage and polyamine synthesis in the parasites. The efficacy, oral availability, chemical stability, unique mechanism of action and low toxicity of BCX4945 demonstrate potential for combination therapies with this novel antimalarial agent.
Continuous wave operation of ridge waveguide AlGaAs/GaAs distributed feedback lasers with low threshold current (1986)

Ridge waveguide AlGaAs/GaAs distributed feedback lasers were fabricated by a two-step molecular beam epitaxial growth technique. A threshold current as low as 42 mA, which is the lowest ever reported, was obtained under a continuous wave condition at room temperature. Stable single longitudinal mode oscillation was observed in the temperature range from −20 to 30 °C without any suppression of the Fabry–Perot mode.
High frequency EMI sensing for detection and location of underground metallic utilities (2021)

Detecting and locating underground metallic and non-metallic pipes and utilities remains a pressing problem for the US Department of Energy. Old and deteriorating pipes pose a public safety and environmental hazard but often can be difficult to locate due to poor mapping or broken tracing wires. Many geophysical sensing techniques have been applied to the problem, including: acoustic methods, ground penetrating radar, passive magnetic fields, and low frequency electromagnetic fields – each with its own advantages and pitfalls. This paper investigates a new technique for detecting subsurface pipes: high frequency electromagnetic induction (HFEMI) sensing. Utilizing a frequency range of 10 kHz – 15 MHz, HFEMI has been used successfully in the past for detecting and locating low-conducting subsurface targets such as improvised explosive devices (IED). In this paper, we show HFEMI can be used to induce a linear current in a target pipe which produces a secondary electromagnetic field that can be detected by an above-ground magnetic field receiver. Comparisons between numerical and experimental studies are presented for subsurface elongated conductors. The data is inverted and then validated against ground truth.
Optimizing Cockpit Display Configurations with a Genetic Algorithm System. Phase 1. (1994)

Abstract : Our Phase I work resulted in a software prototype for MFD page organization, a technique for translating MFD page organizations into graph partitioning problems, and a genetic algorithm for carrying out the graph partitioning. We apply our system to a scenario taken from the Comanche attack helicopter task analysis. The system out-performs other published algorithms for graph partitioning.
An Effective Method for the Preparation of Chiral Polyoxy 8-Membered Ring Enone Corresponding to the B Ring of Taxol (2001)

Abstract An effective method for the preparation of 8-membered ring enone, (4S,5R,7R,8R)-4,8-bis(benzyloxy)-7-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)-5-(4-methoxybenzyloxy)-2,6,6-trimethylcyclooct-2-enone (1), in sufficient quantities was developed. Optically active trioxy aldehyde, (3R,4S)-4-benzyloxy-5-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3-(4-methoxybenzyloxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanal (3), was prepared first by diastereoselective dihydroxylation of (2R,4S)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxane derived from D-pantolactone. Next, 8-chloro-7-oxoaldehyde, (2R,3R,5R,6R)-2,6-bis(benzyloxy)-5-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)-8-chloro-3-(4-methoxybenzyloxy)-4,4-dimethyl-7-oxononanal (30), was newly synthesized by the following reactions: i) MgBr2•OEt2-mediated diastereoselective aldol reaction of the aldehyde 3 with (Z)-2-benzyloxy-1-methoxy-1-(trimethylsiloxy)ethene and ii) reaction of methyl (2R,3R,5R,6S)-2,6-bis(benzyloxy)-3,7-bis(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)-5-(4-methoxybenzyloxy)-4,4-dimethylheptanoate with 1,1-dichloroethyllithium, followed by successive reductive dehalogenation of thus formed 1,1-dichloroethyl ketone with 1,1-dichloroethyllithium. Then, the chiral 8-chloro-7-oxoaldehyde 30 was converted to the 8-membered ring enone 1 by SmI2-mediated aldol cyclization.
Small Biomolecules for Big Applications (2018)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFirst ReactionsNEXTSmall Biomolecules for Big ApplicationsLeveraging directed evolution methodologies to engineer unnatural RiPP natural products.Marcus I. GibsonMarcus I. GibsonDepartments of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United StatesMore by Marcus I. Gibson and Mohammad R. Seyedsayamdost​Mohammad R. SeyedsayamdostDepartments of Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United StatesE-mail: [email protected]More by Mohammad R. Seyedsayamdosthttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-2707-4854Cite this: ACS Cent. Sci. 2018, 4, 4, 437–439Publication Date (Web):April 18, 2018Publication History Published online18 April 2018Published inissue 25 April 2018https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.8b00088Copyright © 2018 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoiceArticle Views2402Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (628 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Fungi,Viruses,Peptides and proteins,Precursors,Molecules Get e-Alerts
Distributed Wavelet De-Noising for Sensor Networks (2006)

Wireless sensor networks provide a natural application area for distributed data processing algorithms. Power consumption for communication between sensor network nodes typically dominates over that for local data processing, so it is often more efficient to process data in the network than it is to send data to a remote, central collection point for analysis. Distributed wavelet analysis represents one such technique, whereby local collaboration among nodes de-correlates measurements, yielding a sparser data set with fewer significant values. This sparsity can then be leveraged to suppress errors in nodes' measurements, which are typically gathered by inexpensive sensors subject to measurement noise. In this paper, we briefly review the details of a distributed wavelet processing protocol for sensor networks based on the theory of lifting, and we develop a suite of wavelet de-noising protocols for distributed de-noising of measurements. We illustrate the effectiveness of the system with a series of numeric examples