gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precision targeting of the plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 mechanism increases efficacy of fibrinolytic therapy in empyema (2021)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an endogenous irreversible inhibitor of tissue-type (tPA) and urokinase (uPA) plasminogen activators. PAI-1-targeted fibrinolytic therapy (PAI-1-TFT) is designed to decrease the therapeutic dose of tPA and uPA, attenuating the risk of bleeding and other complications. Docking site peptide (DSP) mimics the part of the PAI-1 reactive center loop that interacts with plasminogen activators, thereby affecting the PAI-1 mechanism. We used DSP for PAI-1-TFT in two rabbit models: chemically induced pleural injury and Streptococcus pneumoniae induced empyema. These models feature different levels of inflammation and PAI-1 expression. PAI-1-TFT with DSP (2.0 mg/kg) converted ineffective doses of single chain (sc) tPA (72.5 µg/kg) and scuPA (62.5 µg/kg) into effective ones in chemically induced pleural injury. DSP (2.0 mg/kg) was ineffective in S. pneumoniae empyema, where the level of PAI-1 is an order of magnitude higher. DSP dose escalation to 8.0 mg/kg resulted in effective PAI-1-TFT with 0.25 mg/kg sctPA (1/8th of the effective dose of sctPA alone) in empyema. There was no increase in the efficacy of scuPA. PAI-1-TFT with DSP increases the efficacy of fibrinolytic therapy up to 8-fold in chemically induced (sctPA and scuPA) and infectious (sctPA) pleural injury in rabbits. PAI-1 is a valid molecular target in our model of S. pneumoniae empyema in rabbits, which closely recapitulates key characteristics of empyema in humans. Low-dose PAI-1-TFT is a novel interventional strategy that offers the potential to improve fibrinolytic therapy for empyema in clinical practice.
Chirped pulse amplification of ultrashort pulses using neodymium-and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (1994)

As an important step toward the realization of compact, optical fiber-based, femtosecond pulse systems of the highest possible energies, we demonstrate chirped pulse amplification (CPA) of ultrashort pulses using rare-earth doped fiber amplifiers for the first time. The technique of CPA [1] is well established to produce the highest energy ultrashort pulses in bulk systems. Rare-earth doped fibers are attractive as amplifiers due to the broad bandwidth available in glass hosts. This property has already been exploited in rare-earth doped fiber lasers which have produced pulses as short as 42 fs with Nd-doped fiber [2] and 77 fs with Er-doped fiber [3]. Thus, these fibers can support sub-100 fs pulses. Here, Nd-doped fiber is used to amplify 1.06 µm seed pulses and Er-doped fiber is used to amplify 1.55µm seed pulses in initial experiments toward reaching the saturation energy of several micro-Joules [4] attainable in rare-earth doped fiber amplifiers.
Quantitative Analysis Method for Measuring Light Leakage Intensity of Three Primary Color Filters Placed between Crossed Polarizers (2008)

We investigated the light leakage properties of three-primary-color filters placed between crossed polarizers. Although light leakage is caused by light scattering due to pigment cohesion in the filter layers of a color filter, the detectability of this intensity is strongly related to the spectral properties of polarizers. We have developed a quantitative analysis method for measuring light leakage intensity using the degree of imperfection, derived from the depolarization index. The degree of imperfection is an intrinsic property of the color of the filters.
Effect of Mechanical Cycling on the Magnetic Properties of Permalloy Films Electroplated on Stretchable Substrates (2019)

This work describes the fabrication of electroplated permalloy films on screen-printed silver ink patterns on thermoplastic polyurethane, and the effect of mechanical cycling on their magnetic properties. It was observed that cycling causes cracks in the permalloy film, which in turn results in decrease of the initial permeability of the material. This change was observed while the magnetic saturation, coercivity, and remanence remained relatively unchanged. However, permeability values saturate at about 90% of their original values between 1 and 5 cycles. This allowed for the potential use of these materials in stretchable magnetic devices such as stretchable inductors.
Microfabricated Structures Powered by Flagellated Bacteria (2007)

We have studied self-coordinated transportation systems using SU-8 microstructures in open microchannels and here present a stochastic model for the bacteria-driven microbarge that is designed to mimic the motion of this system with and without chemical gradients or other external stimuli and compare experimental results with the outcomes of simulations. Our ultimate goal is to use our mathematical model as a workbench to propose various closed loop control schemes applicable for the real system.
Acid-catalysed transformation of α-trifluoromethanesulfonates of γ- and δ-lactones into 2,5-disubstituted homochiral tetrahydrofurans (1993)

Excellent yields of methyl tetrahydrofuran-α-carboxylates are obtained by treatment of 2-O-trifluoromethanesulfonates (triflates) of either 1,4-or 1,5-lactones with acid in methanol; in some cases, very different tetrahydrofurans may result from acid or base treatment of a methanolic solution of the same starting material.
Designing new catalysts for synthetic fuels: general discussion (2017)

Nico Fischer opened discussion of the paper by Ding Ma: After the ethylene treatment of your model catalyst, do you observe any cobalt carbide formation? Ding Ma answered: No, we did not observe the formation of cobalt carbide in its XRD pattern. Hans Niemantsverdr
A Method of Moments Wide Band Adaptive Rational Interpolation Method for High-Quality Factor Resonant Cavities (2022)

A new adaptive rational interpolation method is proposed to obtain the wideband frequency response of a resonant cavity simulated with the method of moments (MoM). This interpolation method uses both the Loewner matrix to construct a rational expression for the solution vector of MoM’s matrix system and an error estimator generated by the solution vectors and their derivatives. This error estimator is implemented in the adaptive procedure to gain a minimum set of frequencies and solution vectors required in the interpolation. The resulting set of frequencies and solution vectors is applied to interpolate other system variables, such as shielding effectiveness and input impedance. Numerical results of a slotted cylindrical cavity supporting high-quality factor resonances are presented, showing that the new rational interpolation method is accurate and efficient in interpolating the complicated resonant response of the solution vector functions.
Structures of μO-conotoxins from Conus marmoreus (2004)

The microO-conotoxins are an intriguing class of conotoxins targeting various voltage-dependent sodium channels and molluscan calcium channels. In the current study, we have shown MrVIA and MrVIB to be the first known peptidic inhibitors of the transient tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na(+) current in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, in addition to inhibiting tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na(+) currents. Human TTX-R sodium channels are a therapeutic target for indications such as pain, highlighting the importance of the microO-conotoxins as potential leads for drug development. Furthermore, we have used NMR spectroscopy to provide the first structural information on this class of conotoxins. MrVIA and MrVIB are hydrophobic peptides that aggregate in aqueous solution but were solubilized in 50% acetonitrile/water. The three-dimensional structure of MrVIB consists of a small beta-sheet and a cystine knot arrangement of the three-disulfide bonds. It contains four backbone "loops" between successive cysteine residues that are exposed to the solvent to varying degrees. The largest of these, loop 2, is the most disordered part of the molecule, most likely due to flexibility in solution. This disorder is the most striking difference between the structures of MrVIB and the known delta- and omega-conotoxins, which along with the microO-conotoxins are members of the O superfamily. Loop 2 of omega-conotoxins has previously been shown to contain residues critical for binding to voltage-gated calcium channels, and it is interesting to speculate that the flexibility observed in MrVIB may accommodate binding to both sodium and molluscan calcium channels.
Circuital model for the Maxwell Fish Eye perfect drain (2012)

Perfect drain for the Maxwell Fish Eye (MFE) is a non-magnetic dissipative region placed in the focal point to absorb all the incident radiation without reflection or scattering. The perfect drain was recently designed as a material with complex electrical permittivity that depends on frequency. However, this material is only a theoretical material, so it can not be used in practical devices. Recently, the perfect drain has been claimed as necessary to achieve super-resolution [Leonhard 2009, New J. Phys. 11 093040], which has increased the interest for practical perfect drains suitable for manufacturing. Here, we analyze the super-resolution properties of a device equivalent to the MFE, known as Spherical Geodesic Waveguide (SGW), loaded with the perfect drain. In the SGW the source and drain are implemented with coaxial probes. The perfect drain is realized using a circuit (made of a resistance and a capacitor) connected to the drain coaxial probes. Super-resolution analysis for this device is done in Comsol Multiphysics. The results of simulations predict the super-resolution up to wavelength/3000 and optimum power transmission from the source to the drain.
Single-Component α-Iminocarboxamide Nickel Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization Initiators (2007)

The reaction of Ni(COD)2, benzyl chloride, potassium N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenylimino)propanamidate, and pyridine or 2,6-lutidine yields N,O-bound α-iminocarboxamide complexes that can be used as single-component initiators for the homopolymerization of ethylene or the copolymerization of ethylene with functionalized norbornene monomers. Comparison of the Py versus 2,6-lutidine complexes highlights how the nitrogen ligand lability influences polymerization activity. It is also possible to synthesize η1-CH2COPh complexes via these procedures, which are less stable to the presence of monomer functionalities.
Large‐Scale Synthesis of Freestanding Layer‐Structured PbI2 and MAPbI3 Nanosheets for High‐Performance Photodetection (2017)

Recently, due to the possibility of thinning down to the atomic thickness to achieve exotic properties, layered materials have attracted extensive research attention. In particular, PbI<sub>2</sub> , a kind of layered material, and its perovskite derivatives, CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> PbI<sub>3</sub> (i.e., MAPbI<sub>3</sub> ), have demonstrated impressive photoresponsivities for efficient photodetection. Herein, the synthesis of large-scale, high-density, and freestanding PbI<sub>2</sub> nanosheets is demonstrated by manipulating the microenvironment during physical vapor deposition. In contrast to conventional two-dimensional (2D) growth along the substrate surface, the essence here is the effective nucleation of microplanes with different angles relative to the in-plane direction of underlying rough-surfaced substrates. When configured into photodetectors, the fabricated device exhibits a photoresponsivity of 410 mA W<sup>-1</sup> , a detectivity of 3.1 × 10<sup>11</sup> Jones, and a fast response with the rise and decay time constants of 86 and 150 ms, respectively, under a wavelength of 405 nm. These PbI<sub>2</sub> nanosheets can also be completely converted into MAPbI<sub>3</sub> materials via chemical vapor deposition with an improved photoresponsivity up to 40 A W<sup>-1</sup> . All these performance parameters are comparable to those of state-of-the-art layered-material-based photodetectors, revealing the technological potency of these freestanding nanosheets for next-generation high-performance optoelectronics.
The Dissenters (1995)

Abstract The expansion of Evangelical Nonconformity was one of the most important developments in English and Welsh history in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In eighty years the number of Nonconformist chapels increased ten-fold, and by 1851, nearly one person in five worshipped in such chapels. For millions of people the gospel preached and the religion practised in these chapels determined their choice of marriage partners, conditioned the upbringing of their children, and moulded their family life. Religion pervaded education, shaped morals, controlled leisure, provided music and literature, motivated philanthropy and decided political loyalties. This book argues that while the Quakers constituted an increasingly wealthy but numerically declining community of businessmen, farmers, and retailers, and that in many towns the Unitarians formed a vibrant, progressive, intellectual élite, the appeal of Nonconformity was primarily to the poor, the ill-educated, and the unsophisticated. The working-class adherents of Evangelical Nonconformity vastly outnumbered those of political radicalism, trade unionism, or Chartism, and Dissent was a major factor in making a section of the working class respectable, thus contributing to the social harmony of the 1850s and 1860s. The book argues that the history of late Georgian and Victorian England and Wales cannot be understood without a knowledge of Nonconformity.
Low-Loss On-Chip Passive Circuits Using C4 Layer for RF, mmWave and sub-THz Applications (2022)

This paper presents the recent developments of on-chip low-loss passive circuits using customized patterns that are fabricated with standard bump process (C4) for RF, mmWave and sub-THz applications in Intel16 technology. Due to the large cross-sectional area of the C4 layer, passive devices with ultralow-loss and high current capacity can be built. Common high frequency passive components such as inductors, transmission lines, and antenna arrays have been implemented as proof of concepts. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that passive circuits are demonstrated using the bump layer directly. These low-loss passive components enable high performance, innovative circuits and systems in a variety of applications.
Development of an automated DNA purification module using a micro-fabricated pillar chip (2007)

We present a fully automated DNA purification module comprised of a micro-fabricated chip and sequential injection analysis system that is designed for use within autonomous instruments that continuously monitor the environment for the presence of biological threat agents. The chip has an elliptical flow channel containing a bed (3.5 x 3.5 mm) of silica-coated pillars with height, width and center-to-center spacing of 200, 15, and 30 microm, respectively, which provides a relatively large surface area (ca. 3 cm(2)) for DNA capture in the presence of chaotropic agents. We have characterized the effect of various fluidic parameters on extraction performance, including sample input volume, capture flow rate, and elution volume. The flow-through design made the pillar chip completely reusable; carryover was eliminated by flushing lines with sodium hypochlorite and deionized water between assays. A mass balance was conducted to determine the fate of input DNA not recovered in the eluent. The device was capable of purifying and recovering Bacillus anthracis genomic DNA (input masses from 0.32 to 320 pg) from spiked environmental aerosol samples, for subsequent analysis using polymerase chain reaction-based assays.
Comparison of on-line RF circuitry calibration methods for adaptive antenna array beam forming transmitter in forward link (2004)

This paper experimentally compares on-line RF circuitry calibration methods (i.e., real-time compensation methods for the phase/amplitude fluctuations of parallel RF receiver and transmitter circuitries during communication), which are inevitably used for adaptive antenna array beam-forming (AAA-BF) transmitter in the forward link. Experimental results elucidate that the residual phase and amplitude fluctuations after the RF receiver circuitry calibration employing an exclusive calibration signal are within only 0.4 degrees and 0.1 dB, respectively, while still achieving a loss in the required average received E/sub b//N/sub 0/ due to the insertion of the calibration signal in the reverse link within 0.1 dB. We also clarify that the required average transmit E/sub b//N/sub 0/ before adaptive antenna weigh multiplication at the average block error rate (BLER) of 10/sup -2/ by using RF receiver circuitry calibration employing the exclusive calibration signal in the forward link is reduced by approximately 1.2 dB compared to that using the method employing the actual received signal when the received packet frame length is 10 msec and the average total received signal power in the reverse link is -95 dBm. Furthermore, the loss is slight in the required average transmit E/sub b//N/sub 0/ at the average BLER of 10/sup -2/ using an AAA-BF transmitter based on minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver antenna weight generation associated with RF receiver/transmitter circuitry calibration in three-user environments (transmission power of two-interfering users was higher by 15dB compared to that of the desired user) from that in a single user channel. These results indicate that the AAA-BF transmitter in the forward link sufficiently suppresses strong multipath interference (MPI) from interfering users with high transmission power.
Interferon alpha (IFN)-Macrophage Interactions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Role of IFN in the Tempo and Progression of HIV Disease (1992)

Components of the host immune response that constrain virus replication and affect long-lasting antiviral immunity following HIV infection are incompletely defined. IFNs are critical participants in host antiviral processes. While IFN induces significant anti-retroviral activities, they also serve as harbingers for poor clinical outcomes. Moreover, monocytes, a major cellular source of IFN and HIV in man, are poor producer cells for IFN following HIV infection. Indeed, HIV infection of monocytes results in a diminished production and induction of IFN. IFN is only produced during cell to cell contact between HIV-infected cells and uninfected PBMC. Analysis of the biologic activity of HIV-induced IFN(s) shows that it poorly restricts HIV replication. Thus, the role of IFN in HIV disease is complex and seemingly paradoxical. The diminished capacity of HIV-infected monocytes to produce IFN and the production of defective IFNs likely reflect specific viral adaptive mechanisms for persistent infection.
Hybridization of Modified-Heme Reconstitution and Distal Histidine Mutation to Functionalize Sperm Whale Myoglobin (2003)

To modulate the physiological function of a hemoprotein, most approaches have been demonstrated by site-directed mutagenesis. Replacement of the native heme with an artificial prosthetic group is another way to modify a hemoprotein. However, an alternate method, mutation or heme reconstitution, does not always demonstrate sufficient improvement compared with the native heme enzyme. In the present study, to convert a simple oxygen storage hemoprotein, myoglobin, into an active peroxidase, we applied both methods at the same time. The native heme of myoglobin was replaced with a chemically modified heme 2 having two aromatic rings at the heme-propionate termini. The constructed myoglobins were examined for 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol) oxidation in the presence of H2O2. Compared with native myoglobin, rMb(H64D.2) showed a 430-fold higher kcat/Km value, which is significantly higher than that of cytochrome c peroxidase and only 3-fold less than that of horseradish peroxidase. In addition, myoglobin-catalyzed degradation of bisphenol A was examined by HPLC analysis. The rMb(H64D.2) showed drastic acceleration (>35-fold) of bisphenol A degradation compared with the native myoglobin. In this system, a highly oxidized heme reactive species is smoothly generated and a substrate is effectively bound in the heme pocket, while native myoglobin only reversibly binds dioxygen. The present results indicate that the combination of a modified-heme reconstitution and an amino acid mutation should offer interesting perspectives toward developing a useful biomolecule catalyst from a hemoprotein.
Supplementary Tables 1-4 from hnRNP A2/B1 Modulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer Cell Lines (2023)

Supplementary Tables 1-4 from hnRNP A2/B1 Modulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Electron-beam processing of kilogram quantities of iridium for radioisotope thermoelectric generator applications (1992)

Iridium alloys are used as fuel-cladding materials in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). Hardware produced at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been used in Voyagers I and 2, Galilee, and Ulysses spacecraft. An integral part of the production of iridium-sheet metal involves electron-beam (EB) processing. These processes include the degassing of powder-pressed compacts followed by multiple meltings in order to purify 500-g buttons of Ir-0.3% W alloy. Starting in 1972 and continuing into 1992, our laboratory EB processing was Performed (ca. 1970) in a 60-kW (20 kV at 3 A), two-gun system. In 1991, a new 150-kW EB gun facility was installed to complement the older unit. This paper describes how the newly installed system was qualified for production of RTG developmental work is discussed that will potentially improve the existing process by utilizing the capabilities of the new EB system.
Extrusion Polymerization: Catalyzed Synthesis of Crystalline Linear Polyethylene Nanofibers Within a Mesoporous Silica (1999)

Crystalline nanofibers of linear polyethylene with an ultrahigh molecular weight (6,200,000) and a diameter of 30 to 50 nanometers were formed by the polymerization of ethylene with mesoporous silica fiber-supported titanocene, with methylalumoxane as a cocatalyst. Small-angle x-ray scattering analysis indicated that the polyethylene fibers consist predominantly of extended-chain crystals. This observation indicates a potential utility of the honeycomb-like porous framework as an extruder for nanofabrication of polymeric materials.
Spiroannelation via Organobis(Cuprates): 9,9‐Dimethylspiro[4.5]Decan‐7‐One (2003)

Abstract Spiroannelation via organobis(cuprates): 9,9‐dimethylspiro[4.5]decan‐7‐one intermediate: 3‐chloro‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐one product: 9,9‐dimethylspiro[4.5]decan‐7‐one
Electrical conductivity across the alumina support layer following carbon nanotube growth (2021)

Several electrical devices are formed by growing vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) structures directly on a substrate. In order to attain high aspect ratio CNT forest growths, a support layer for the CNT catalyst, usually alumina, is generally required. In many cases, it has been found that current can pass from a conductive substrate, across the alumina support layer, and through the CNTs with minimal resistance. This is surprising in the cases where alumina is used because alumina has a resistivity of ρ&amp;gt;1014 Ω cm. This paper explores the mechanism responsible for current being able to cross the alumina support layer with minimal resistance following CNT growth by using scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and two-point current-voltage (I-V) measurements. Through these methods, it is determined that exposure to the carbonaceous gas used during the CNT growth process is primarily responsible for this phenomenon.