gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental radioimmunotherapy of small peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin (2003)

Abstract Radioimmunotherapy using radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against tumor‐associated antigens might be an effective treatment modality for small volume disease. Our aim was to optimize an experimental model of radioimmunotherapy for small peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin using the anti‐CEA MoAb MN‐14. In nude mice with intraperitoneal (i.p.) LS174T tumors, a protein dose‐escalation study was carried out to determine the maximal dose of radioiodinated MN‐14 to be used in radioimmunotherapy. The biodistribution of radioiodinated MN‐14 was determined after intravenous (i.v.) and i.p. administration. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of escalating activity doses of 131 I‐labeled MN‐14 (62.5–500 μCi) was assessed and compared to that of unlabeled MN‐14 or 500 μCi of 131 I‐labeled irrelevant control antibody. At protein doses higher than 25 μg, uptake in tumor was reduced, presumably due to saturation of tumor antigen. During the first 24 hours i.p. administration led to higher tumor uptake and higher tumor:blood ratios than i.v. administration. Median survival of the control groups was 38 days (unlabeled MN‐14) and 52 days ( 131 I‐labeled nonspecific antibody). Median survival of the groups treated with increasing activity doses of 131 I‐labeled MN‐14 was 42 days (62.5 μCi), 49 days (125 μCi), 63 days (250 μCi) and 101 days (500 μCi), respectively ( p &lt; 0.0001 compared to unlabeled MN‐14). The present study shows that the anti‐CEA‐antibody MN‐14 preferentially accumulates in i.p. LS174T tumor xenografts after both i.p. and i.v. administration. Intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy using 131 I‐labeled MN‐14 delays significantly the outgrowth of peritoneal LS174T metastases, even at relatively low activity doses. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BETA BLOCKADE AND NEUROLOGICAL OUTCOME IN CARDIAC SURGERY (1999)

Introduction. Some of the deleterious effects of catecholamines (CA) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) could be related to enhanced cerebral vasomotor dysfunction and increased inflammatory response. [1,2] We investigated the impact of perioperative beta blockade (BB) treatment on neurological outcome in cardiac surgery. Methods. Following Institutional Review board approval, 3144 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and valvular heart surgery were identified from Duke Heart Center Cardiovascular Database from 1993 to 1997. Outcome data were obtained for determination of postoperative neurologic complications including stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) and encephalopathy. Anesthetic and cardiopulmonary bypass management did not change significantly during the study interval. All the patients who received preoperative or intraoperative BB medication were identified and compared to subjects who did not receive either treatment. Intraoperative boluses of esmolol were not considered part of BB medication due to their short half life. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the effect of BB after accounting for date and type of surgery (valve vs. CABG) and preop stroke risk using the Newman Risk Index. [3] This index expresses effects of 7 separate risk factors. Results. Postoperative adverse neurologic outcome was encountered in 143 patients (4.5% overall); 6.8% of patients in non-BB group as opposed to 4.1% in subjects treated with BB. After adjustment for covariables, patients who received BB showed a significantly lower risk of major postoperative neurologic complication (p=0.037) (Table 1). When major neurological complications were limited to stroke and coma, adverse neurologic outcome continued to show strong association with absence of BB administration (p=0.046).Table 1: Factors Associated with Adverse Neurological Outcome.Discussion. Our study demonstrates the beneficial effect of preoperative and intraoperative administration of BB treatment. Reduction in beta-adrenergic receptor desensitization and decrease in inflammatory response could represent some of the mechanisms responsible for these findings. Further studies needs to be done to investigate the clinical impact of our results.
Melleolides K, L and M, New Melleolides from Armillariella mellea. (2000)

Three new sesquiterpenoid aromatic esters designated melleolides K (1), L (2) and M (3) were isolated from the cultured mycelia of Armillariella mellea (Vahl. ex Fr.) Karst. Structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of various NMR spectral data, chemical transformations and X-ray analysis. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 showed antimicrobial activities.
Flow Sampling: Accurate and Load-balanced Sampling Policies. (2020)

Software-defined networking simplifies network monitoring by means of per-flow sampling, wherein the controller keeps track of the active flows in the network and samples the switches on each flow path to collect the flow statistics. A tradeoff in this process is between the controller's sampling preference and the balancing of loads among switches. On the one hand, the controller may prefer to sample some of the switches on the flow path because they yield more accurate flow statistics. On the other hand, it is desirable to sample the switches uniformly so that their resource consumptions and lifespan are balanced. Focusing on the application of traffic matrix estimation, this paper formulates the per-flow sampling problem as a Markov decision process and devises policies that can achieve good tradeoffs between sampling accuracy and load balancing. Three classes of policies are investigated: the optimal policy, the state-independent policies, and the index policies, including the Whittle index and a second-order index policies. The second-order index policy is the most desired policy among all: 1) in terms of performance, it is on an equal footing with the Whittle index policy, and outperforms the state-independent policies by much; 2) in terms of complexity, it is much simpler than the optimal policy, and is comparable to state-independent policies and the Whittle index policy; 3) in terms of realizability, it requires no prior information on the network dynamics, hence is much easier to implement in practice.
Geometrical accuracy and fusion of multimodal vascular images: A phantom study (2004)

The aim of this work was to compare the geometrical accuracy of x-ray angiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), x-ray computed tomography (XCT), and ultrasound imaging (B-mode and IVUS, or intravascular ultrasound) for measuring the lumen diameters of blood vessels. An image fusion method was also developed to improve these measurements. The images were acquired from a phantom that mimic vessels of known diameters. After acquisition, the multimodal images were coregistered by manual alignment of fiducial markers, and then by maximization of mutual information. The fusion method was performed by means of a fuzzy logic modeling approach followed by a combination process based on a possibilistic theory. The results showed (i) the better geometrical accuracy of XCT and IVUS compared to the other modalities, and (ii) the better accuracy and smaller variability of fused images compared to single modalities, with respect to most diameters investigated. For XCT, the error varied from 0.4% to 5.4%, depending on the vessel diameter that ranged from 0.93 to 6.24 mm. For IVUS, the error ranged from -0.3% to 1.7% but the smallest vessel (0.93 mm) could not be investigated because of the probe size. Compared to others fusion schemes, the XCT-MRI fused images provided the best results for both accuracy (from -1.6% to 0.2% for the three largest vessels) and robustness (mean relative error of 1.9%). To conclude, this work underlined both the usefulness of the multimodality vascular phantom as a validation tool and the utility of image fusion in the vascular context.
Ex Vivo Drug Resistance Profile in Childhood Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: No Drug is More Effective in Comparison to Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2002)

Therapy results in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) differ from those of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Cellular drug resistance might be one of the reasons of therapy failure in AML. The aim of the study was the analysis of ex vivo drug resistance profile in childhood initial and relapsed AML in comparison to initial ALL. Fifty-three AML samples were tested for chemosensitivity and results were compared with those of 106 initial ALL samples. Ex vivo drug resistance was tested by means of the MTT assay. Up to 29 cytotoxic drugs were tested for each patient. When compared to de nova ALL samples, myeloblasts from initial AML samples were significantly more resistant to most tested drugs, except cytarabine, mercaptopurine and thioguanine. Relapsed AML samples, in relation to initial AML samples, showed comparable sensitivity to cytarabine, idarubicin, fludarabine and cladribine. Patients, who have died due to refractory or relapsing disease, were already on first diagnosis 2-fold more resistant to cytarabine, 6.4-fold more resistant to cisplatin and 3-fold more resistant to carboplatin, when compared to those who stay in remission. Resistance to prednisolone was observed in 85% initial and all relapsed AML samples, in comparison to 33% of ALL samples. Resistance to cytarabine occurred in 2.1% of ALL and 12% of AML cases while a patient with Down syndrome presented the most sensitive drug resistance profile. In conclusion this study shows that no drug was found which, on average, was more effective in AML than in ALL samples. The sensitivity of myeloblasts to platinum derivatives might have prognostic value.
Inferring Informational Goals from Free-Text Queries: A Bayesian Approach (2013)

People using consumer software applications typically do not use technical jargon when querying an online database of help topics. Rather, they attempt to communicate their goals with common words and phrases that describe software functionality in terms of structure and objects they understand. We describe a Bayesian approach to modeling the relationship between words in a user's query for assistance and the informational goals of the user. After reviewing the general method, we describe several extensions that center on integrating additional distinctions and structure about language usage and user goals into the Bayesian models.
Optical Fronthauling for 5G Mobile: A Perspective of Passive Metro WDM Technology (2017)

We discuss the necessity of passive WDM technology in the 5G fronthaul application. The proof-of-concept field trial showed that the proposed system integrated seamlessly with the current wireless equipment and had no impact on services.
Palytoxin: An Inexhaustible Source of Inspiration — Personal Perspective (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Efficient, Near-Infrared Electrophosphorescence from a Pt–Metalloporphyrin Complex The authors acknowledge financial support from the U.S. Dept. of the Army, CECOM for the phase 14II SBIR program (contract no. 14W15P7T-06-C-T201), and Universal Display Corporation. (2007)

No Abstract
Elimination of Leishmania donovani amastigotes by activated macrophages (1981)

Tissue macrophages are the obligatory host cells for Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. In this study we sought to determine whether activated macrophages, as defined by the functional criterion of tumor cell cytotoxicity, were also able to exert a microbicidal effect on ingested L. donovani amastigotes. We found that mouse peritoneal macrophages activated by a variety of means exerted a cytotoxic effect on tumor cell targets but were not able to kill L. donovani amastigotes unless the infected macrophages were exposed continually to an activating stimulus. Corynebacterium parvum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, and lymphokine-activated peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6J mice were cytotoxic for EMT6 tumor cell targets. However, L. donovani Sudan strain 1S amastigotes were not killed by these macrophages unless the activated state was maintained by daily addition of lymphokine to the infected monolayers for several days postinfection. The killing of amastigotes was dependent on the time of exposure to lymphokine, as well as on the concentration of lymphokine added to the culture.
1105 (2013)

Introduction: Adult hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is a fulminant, fatal form of MODS, sharing features and markers of severe sepsis [fever, coagulopathy, hepatobiliary dysfunction (HBD), cytopenias, hyperferritinemia, central nervous system dysfunction and increased expression of CD163]. Despite the equivocal results of IL-1 receptor blockade in severe sepsis, IL-1ra (anakinra) has been an effective part of treatment in pediatric and adult by targeting the IL-1 driven cytokine upregulation. Methods: A post hoc analysis of de-identified data from "interleukin-1 receptor antagonist trial in severe sepsis: a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial" (Opal, et. al. Crit Care Med. 1997 Jul;25(7):1115-24.) was performed. Concurrent presence of HBD and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), as defined in the original study, was used as a surrogate for possible HPS (HBD+DIC). The study subjects were divided into 4 subgroups according to the presence/absence of HBD+DIC, as well as treatment with anakinra vs. placebo. "Non-HBD+DIC" group included patients with HBD, DIC or neither. Statistical analysis included: descriptive statistics rank test, ANOVA, and Cox regression. Results: Data was available on 765 adults from the original study cohort, all with severe sepsis (ages 17-95; 41% women). Concurrent HBD+DIC was noted in 43 of patients (5.6% of total, ages 18-75; 41% women). The 28-day survival was similar in non-HBD+DIC patients in both anakinra and placebo groups (70.2% vs. 69.9%, p value> 0.05). Treatment with anakinra compared to placebo significantly improved 28-day survival rate in HBD+DIC patients (65.4% with anakinra vs. 35.3%, p value=0.0006), indicating a significant improvement in survival related to anakinra in the subset with possible HPS. Higher age and renal involvement, but not gender or acute respiratory distress syndrome, were independently associated with HPS in this cohort (p value <0.00005). Conclusions: As hypothesized, IL-1ra blockade can improve survival in carefully selected subset of sepsis patients based on concurrent HBD and DIC. More dedicated, prospective studies are needed to explore features of HPS to define the appropriate treatment target for anakinra in this setting.
Further Evidence For the Role of ENPP1 in Obesity: Association With Morbid Obesity in Finns (2008)

The aim of this study was to investigate a series of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes MC2R, MC3R, MC4R, MC5R, POMC, and ENPP1 for association with obesity. Twenty-five SNPs (2-7 SNPs/gene) were genotyped in 246 Finns with extreme obesity (BMI > or = 40 kg/m2) and in 481 lean subjects (BMI 20-25 kg/m2). Of the obese subjects, 23% had concomitant type 2 diabetes. SNPs and SNP haplotypes were tested for association with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Allele frequencies differed between obese and lean subjects for two SNPs in the ENPP1 gene, rs1800949 (P = 0.006) and rs943003 (P = 0.0009). These SNPs are part of a haplotype (rs1800949 C-rs943003 A), which was observed more frequently in lean subjects compared to obese subjects (P = 0.0007). Weaker associations were detected between the SNPs rs1541276 in the MC5R, rs1926065 in the MC3R genes and obesity (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively), and between SNPs rs2236700 in the MC5R, rs2118404 in the POMC, rs943003 in the ENPP1 genes and type 2 diabetes (P = 0.03, P = 0.02 and P = 0.02, respectively); these associations did not, however, remain significant after correction for multiple testing. In conclusion, a previously unexplored ENPP1 haplotype composed of SNPs rs1800949 and rs943003 showed suggestive evidence for association with adult-onset morbid obesity in Finns. In this study, we did not find association between the frequently studied ENPP1 K121Q variant, nor SNPs in the MCR or POMC genes and obesity or type 2 diabetes.
Statistical Routing for Multihop Wireless Cognitive Networks (2012)

To account for the randomness of propagation channels and interference levels in hierarchical spectrum sharing, a novel approach to multihop routing is introduced for cognitive random access networks, whereby packets are randomly routed according to outage probabilities. Leveraging channel and interference level statistics, the resultant cross-layer optimization framework provides optimal routes, transmission probabilities, and transmit-powers, thus enabling cognizant adaptation of routing, medium access, and physical layer parameters to the propagation environment. The associated optimization problem is non-convex, and hence hard to solve in general. Nevertheless, a successive convex approximation approach is adopted to efficiently find a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker solution. Augmented Lagrangian and primal decomposition methods are employed to develop a distributed algorithm, which also lends itself to online implementation. Enticingly, the fresh look advocated here permeates benefits also to conventional multihop wireless networks in the presence of channel uncertainty.
Power efficient all-fiberized 12-core erbium/ytterbium doped optical amplifier (2020)

20dB gain in C-band with only 5.3W of pump is achieved with an all-fiberized 12-core Er/Yb doped fiber amplifier. This result is a first step towards SDM transmission including power efficient amplifiers and ROADM.
Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment Drug PBT2 Breaks Intrinsic Polymyxin Resistance in Gram-Positive Bacteria (2022)

Gram-positive bacteria do not produce lipopolysaccharide as a cell wall component. As such, the polymyxin class of antibiotics, which exert bactericidal activity against Gram-negative pathogens, are ineffective against Gram-positive bacteria. The safe-for-human-use hydroxyquinoline analog ionophore PBT2 has been previously shown to break polymyxin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, independent of the lipopolysaccharide modification pathways that confer polymyxin resistance. Here, in combination with zinc, PBT2 was shown to break intrinsic polymyxin resistance in <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> (Group A <i>Streptococcus</i>; GAS), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (including methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i>), and vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>. Using the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS strain 5448 as a proof of principle model, colistin in the presence of PBT2 + zinc was shown to be bactericidal in activity. Any resistance that did arise imposed a substantial fitness cost. PBT2 + zinc dysregulated GAS metal ion homeostasis, notably decreasing the cellular manganese content. Using a murine model of wound infection, PBT2 in combination with zinc and colistin proved an efficacious treatment against streptococcal skin infection. These findings provide a foundation from which to investigate the utility of PBT2 and next-generation polymyxin antibiotics for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.
Bryostatin 1 Promotes Synaptogenesis and Reduces Dendritic Spine Density in Cortical Cultures through a PKC-Dependent Mechanism (2020)

The marine natural product bryostatin 1 has demonstrated procognitive and antidepressant effects in animals and has been entered into human clinical trials for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ability of bryostatin 1 to enhance learning and memory has largely been attributed to its effects on the structure and function of hippocampal neurons. However, relatively little is known about how bryostatin 1 influences the morphology of cortical neurons, key cells that also support learning and memory processes and are negatively impacted in AD. Here, we use a combination of carefully designed chemical probes and pharmacological inhibitors to establish that bryostatin 1 increases cortical synaptogenesis while decreasing dendritic spine density in a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent manner. The effects of bryostatin 1 on cortical neurons are distinct from those induced by neural plasticity-promoting psychoplastogens such as ketamine. Compounds capable of increasing synaptic density with concomitant loss of immature dendritic spines may represent a unique pharmacological strategy for enhancing memory by improving signal-to-noise ratio in the central nervous system.
Optically Pumped Green (530–560 nm) Stimulated Emissions from InGaN/GaN Multiple-Quantum-Well Triangular-Lattice Nanocolumn Arrays (2011)

We report on optically pumped green stimulated emissions from regular nanocolumn arrays. Various InGaN-based triangular-lattice nanocolumn arrays with different lattice constants and nanocolumn diameters were prepared on a (0001) GaN/c-sapphire template using selective-area growth by rf-plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. The nanocolumn arrays were optically pumped at room temperature, and sharp peaks of stimulated emission were observed at green color wavelengths from 530 to 560 nm. The wavelengths varied with the photonic band edge, which was determined by the structural parameters of the nanocolumn arrays. The photonic crystal effect occurred, with the periodic arrangement of the nanocolumns contributing to the stimulated emission.
Supplementary Data from MRI Tumor Regression Grade and Circulating Tumor DNA as Complementary Tools to Assess Response and Guide Therapy Adaptation in Rectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary methods, tables S1-S3 and figures S1-S4&lt;/p&gt;
Intramolecular SN' cleavage of allylic ethers by enolate anions (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular SN' cleavage of allylic ethers by enolate anionsLeo A. Paquette, Jeff Reagan, Stuart L. Schreiber, and Christopher A. TelehaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6, 2331–2332Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00188a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00188a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views674Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts