gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Duodenal and ampullary carcinoid tumors: Using size to predict necessity for lymphadenectomy. (2013)

316 Background: The metastatic potential and choice of therapy of duodenal and ampullary carcinoid tumors are poorly understood. We evaluated the local management and outcomes in patients with these uncommon tumors and determined factors predicting risk of nodal involvement. Methods: 117 patients were identified with duodenal or ampullary carcinoid tumors between 1996 and 2012, who were treated in a single high-volume center. Clinicopathologic data and overall survival by local treatment modality were analyzed. Results: Among all patients, 64 (55%) were treated surgically, including 34 (29%) who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), 14 (12%) who underwent local resection (partial duodenectomy), and 16 (13.6%) where a carcinoid tumor was found incidentally after PD for another indication. The remaining 53 patients (45%) underwent endoscopic excision. The average tumor size was 1.8 cm (0.1-8.5) and the majority were of duodenal origin (n=93, 80%). Surgical management was more commonly performed for ampullary tumors compared to tumors of duodenal origin (83% vs. 47%, p=0.002), and endoscopic excision was more common with smaller tumors (p=0.001). Most carcinoids were well-differentiated (94%) and 55% were T1/T2. Yet, among the 55 patients in whom lymph nodes were histologically assessed (PD or lymph node sampling), 51% had positive nodes (N+). In addition, on multivariate analysis nodal involvement was strongly associated with tumor size (OR: 9.9, p=0.001). Specifically, tumors larger than 1-cm had positive nodes in more than 70% of cases whereas those ≤1cm had a 5% risk of nodal involvement (1 of 21 patients) (Table). Similar rates of N+ were observed for both duodenal and ampullary carcinoids. With long-term follow-up, only one recurrence was observed (1%). The overall survival was similar among all treatment groups (median=139 months). Conclusions: Lymph node involvement is common in patients with duodenal and ampullary carcinoid tumor, particularly among tumors &gt;1 cm in size. When possible, surgical resection with lymphadenectomy is recommended for such tumors. [Table: see text]
A Low Voltage SRAM Using Resonant Supply Boosting (2016)

This paper presents a novel resonating inductor-based supply boosting scheme for low-voltage static random-access memories and logic in deep 14-nm silicon on insulator (SOI) FinFET technologies. The technique combines capacitive (C) and inductive (L) boosting for the first time. Simulation and measured hardware results from a 14-nm test chip show that this new technique is able to improve V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> (down to 0.3 V), functional yield, and access time, when compared with designs with or without capacitive-boosted supplies. Simulations also reveal the optimal combinations of “L” and “C” needed for each V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> to achieve minimal boost voltage, where the static random-access memory can be rendered fully functional in the absence of any assist circuitry. Furthermore, the resonant supply provides power savings compared with a boosted supply alone.
Read/Write evaluation considering peakshift characteristics of perpendicular recording (1985)

In this paper, magnetic recording model considering a head and a medium as one body is assumed, and the head/medium field numerical analysis is simultaneously performed by the finite element method. For accuracy and calculation speed, the division method near a boundary and the iteration method etc. are taken into account. Therefore, simulation results become to be in good agreement with experimental data. Perpendicular recording peakshift and read/write characteristics are discussed using this simulation for the Ring head/Single layer configuration and the Stylus head/Double layer configuration. For these two configurations, the D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50</inf> and Dps <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</inf> dependences on <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Hc\perp</tex> and Hk are shown in this paper. For the Stylus head/Double layer configuration, which is the most ideal for perpendicular recording, peakshifts from superposition and pattern recording are compared.
Keys to the Ultimate MR Experience (2020)

The ultimate MR experience, for either consumer or enterprise users, is defined along two main axes: comfort and immersion. Comfort comes in three declinations: wearable, vestibular, visual, and social. Immersion comes in all sensory directions, from display to audio, gestures, haptics, smell, etc.
Supplementary Figure 5 from p53–Pirh2 Complex Promotes Twist1 Degradation and Inhibits EMT (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The over expression of Î"b-Twist1 in R182 cells (p53-high/Twist1- ) was detected by Western blot.&lt;/p&gt;
Block Copolymers in Homopolymer Blends:  Interface vs Micelles (2001)

The location of poly(styrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate)) (PS-b-PMMA) block copolymers in PMMA/poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) (PCHMA) melt mixed blends was determined. Among all these components, only the PS portion of the block copolymer can be stained by ruthenium tetroxide and appears dark in transmission electron micrographs. Then the locations of block copolymer in the blends, i.e., interfaces and micelles, can be easily identified. Morphology and the aggregation of the PS-b-PMMA were studied as a function of molecular weight and molecular weight fraction. At low molecular weight PS-b-PMMA, a PMMA/PS-b-PMMA macrophase formed. At higher Mn, small (<1 μm) minor phase (PMMA) drops coated with copolymer formed, but these drops also contained micelles even at low PS-b-PMMA concentration. Increasing the molecular weight of the PMMA first caused the drop size to increase, and then the copolymer micelles to relocated from the PMMA to the PCHMA phase. Increasing block copolymer concentration caused PMMA drop size to decrease roughly in proportion to interfacial coverage. The results are discussed qualitatively in terms of Leibler's wet−dry brush theory.
Augmented Piezoelectric Resonators for Power Conversion (2021)

With high efficiency and power density at small scales, piezoelectric resonators (PRs) are promising alternatives to magnetic components for miniaturized power conversion. PRs have been demonstrated to be capable of high efficiency in dc-dc converters with favorable scalability to small sizes. In this work, we analytically show that augmenting PRs with mass layers for additional inertial energy storage can further reduce component size while improving efficiency. We model the effects of mass augmentation on the behavior of a PR as well as on its efficiency and power density characteristics. We further provide design guidelines for mass-augmented PRs, which we validate through simulation in COMSOL. It is estimated that for an example case, mass augmentation is capable of decreasing a PR’s minimum loss ratio by 44% and increasing its maximum volumetric power density by 130%.
Chromophore-labeled dendrimers for use in single-layer light-emitting diodes (2000)

Two novel chromophore-labeled dendrimers are presented and their incorporation into two-component, single layer organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is described. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra, both in solution and in the solid state, demonstrate that Forster energy transfer from the donor chromophores on the dendrimers periphery to the acceptors located at the core is highly efficient, and affords emission exclusively from the core dyes, either coumarin 343 or a benzene-capped pentathiophene. When these dendrimers are doped into single layer OLEDs, the electroluminescence (EL) is nearly identical to the photoluminescence described above, indicating once again exclusive emission from the core chromophores.
Developmental and hormonal regulation of protein H1 degrees in rodents. (1982)

The tissue and cellular distribution and regulation of the chromatin protein H1 degrees has been examined in developing and adult mouse and in rat. The protein appears in specific cell types of solid tissues only when the cells have terminated their maturation. This was found for brain, retina, striated and cardiac muscle, and liver. In tissues that depend on hormones for their function and maintenance, the expression of H1 degrees is dependent on the continued presence of the specific maintenance hormone. In regenerating rat liver the amount of H1 degrees decreases to one-third after the onset of DNA synthesis. The possible role of H1 degrees is discussed in light of these results.
Highlights of the Fourth Canadian Symposium on Hepatitis C: Moving towards a National Action Plan (2016)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects at least 268,000 Canadians and causes greater disease burden than any other infectious disease in the country. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) have identified HCV-related liver disease as a priority. In 2015, the release of well-tolerated, short course treatments (~12 weeks) able to cure the majority of treated HCV patients revolutionized HCV therapy. However, treatment is extremely costly and puts a significant burden on the Canadian healthcare system. Thus, managing treatment costs and improving treatment engagement in those most in need will be a key challenge. Diagnosis and treatment uptake are currently poor in Canada due to financial, geographical, cultural, and social barriers. The United States, Australia, and Scotland all have National Action Plans to prevent, diagnose, and treat HCV in order to efficiently reduce the burden and costs associated with HCV-related liver disease. The theme of the 4th annual symposium held on Feb 27, 2015, "Strategies to Manage HCV Infection in Canada: Moving towards a National Action Plan," was aimed at identifying strategies to maximize the impact of highly effective therapies to reduce HCV disease burden and ultimately eliminate HCV in Canada.
The type I human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) Rex trans-activator binds directly to the HTLV-I Rex and the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus Rev RNA response elements. (1991)

The Rex protein of the type I human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) is essential for the replication of this pathogenic retrovirus and, surprisingly, can also replace the function of the structurally distinct Rev protein of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Rex action requires a 255-nucleotide viral RNA stem-loop structure termed the Rex RNA response element (RexRE) located in the 3' retroviral long terminal repeat. Rex function leads to the induced cytoplasmic expression of the incompletely spliced family of viral mRNAs that uniquely encode the HTLV-I structural and enzymatic proteins (Gag, Pol, and Env). Our studies now demonstrate that Rex acts by binding directly to the RexRE in a sequence-specific manner. These effects of Rex require the presence of a 10-nucleotide subregion of the RexRE that is essential for Rex function in vivo. Dominant-negative mutants of Rex also bind to the RexRE with high affinity, while a recessive-negative Rex mutant altered within its arginine-rich, positively charged domain fails to engage the RexRE. Analogously, both the wild-type and dominant-negative Rex proteins specifically bind to the structurally distinct HIV-1 Rev response element, a finding that likely underlies the respective stimulatory and inhibitory effects of these HTLV-I proteins in the heterologous HIV-1 system. However, consistent with their lack of amino acid homology, the binding sites for Rex and Rev within the HIV-1 Rev response element are distinct.
Dedication (2018)

This issue of the Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference proceedings is dedicated to our friend and mentor Robert Lewis Wears, MD, MS, PhD, FACEP (1947–2017). He left an indelible mark on the field of emergency medicine and safety science as an innovative thought leader and relentless patient advocate. A mentor to countless researchers, his wisdom and advice taught others to challenge conventional thought in an effort to improve patient care.
Outcomes in Pediatric Thyroidectomy: Results From a Multinational, Multi‐institutional Database (2022)

These data present thyroidectomy information and complications pertinent to surgeons, along with preoperative risk factor assessment. Multivariable analysis showed institutional volume and hypoparathyroidism associated with RLN injury, while hypoparathyroidism associated with surgical indication, central neck dissection, and extent of surgery. Low complication rates support the safety of thyroidectomy in pediatric tertiary care centers.
Lithium ion battery system using amorphous carbon in negative electrode and its management technology for HEV applications (2007)

We have developed the lithium ion battery system using amorphous carbon in negative electrode and its management technology for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. The cell has an output power density as high as 3000 W/kg at 50 % state of charge (SOC) and 25 deg.C, and the 48-cell battery module has an output power of 43 kW. To enable effective and adequate use of this high power battery, we have developed new architecture characterized by the newly developed battery control IC, daisy chain communication circuit without isolator and the decentralized control configuration of cell controller and battery controller. Then, we have determined suitable battery control parameters, such as SOC, state of health (SOH) and allowable current/power, taking into consideration the battery characteristics which mainly result from amorphous carbon, system particulars of IIEVs, and the purpose of these parameters. They were adopted into the software of the battery controller. Both software and hardware of the battery controller is made in the form of platform. Because of the excellent characteristics of this battery, its intrinsically reliable controllability, and the platform for battery control technologies, the battery system is promising not only for HEVs, but also for other applications that require both high power and reliability such as a hybrid electric train.
Photodiodes and Image Sensors on Mechanically Flexible Ultra-Thin Silicon Chips-in-Foil (2014)

CMOS-Bildsensoren haben in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten enorme technologische Fortschritte erfahren und sich als eine wettbewerbsfähige Alternative gegenüber CCDBildsensoren auf dem Markt etabliert. Reduziert man die Chipdicke von CMOSBildsensoren von normal 725 μm auf ≤ 30 μm, erhält man mechanisch flexible Bildaufnehmer. Gewölbte CMOS-Bildsensoren würden für die optische Wahrnehmung völlig neue Möglichkeiten eröffnen (wie z. B. bei Insektenaugen). Betrachtet man die auf dem Chip integrierten Bauelemente und Schaltungen unter mechanischen Spannungen, stellt man fest, dass ihre elektrischen und optoelektronischen Eigenschaften von der ausgeübten mechanischen Spannung beeinflusst werden. Für den technischen Einsatz ist eine vom mechanischen Zustand des Bildsensors unbeinflusste Funktion erforderlich. Der Einfluss von mechanischer Spannung auf die Bauelemente- und Schaltungs-Charakteristiken und seine Minimierung bzw. Kompensation sind daher von besonderem Interesse. In dieser Arbeit wurden die optischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften von passiven und aktiven Bauelementen, sowie integrierten Schaltungen auf monokristallinen gedünnten flexiblen Siliziumchips unter mechanischen Spannungen untersucht. Der Einfluss von mechanischen Spannungen auf optische Eigenschaften (spektrale Lichtempfindlichkeit, Dunkelstrom und elektronisches Rauschen) einzelner p-n-Übergang basierter Photodioden und Bildsensorarrays auf (100)-Siliziumwafern wurde theoretisch modelliert und experimentell charakterisiert. Weiterhin wurden die elektrischen Eigenschaften (Ladungsträgerbeweglichkeit, Schwellenspannung, 1/f Rauschen) von MOSFeldeffekttransistoren in Bezug auf mechanischen Spannungen charakterisiert und ihre Abhängigkeit von der Orientierung zur Kristallorientierung des Substrats untersucht. Integrierte Schaltungen, wie Bandgap-Referenzspannungsquellen, Operationsverstärker und SC-basierte Schaltungen wurden unter mechanischen Spannungen theoretisch betrachtet, entworfen, gefertigt und experimentell charakterisiert. Mit Hilfe des in dieser Arbeit vorgeschlagenen und eingesetzten Simulationskonzeptes, ist die Schaltungssimulation der obengenannten Abhängigkeiten möglich. Dadurch hat der Schaltungsentwickler die Möglichkeit Schaltungskonzepte zur Kompensation oder Minimierung der von der mechanischen Spannung hervorgerufenen Einflüsse zu simulieren. In dieser Hinsicht werden Schaltungskonzepte und Design-Regeln präsentiert, die den Einfluss von mechanischen Spannungen auf Bildsensorchips berücksichtigen und minimieren. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde darüber hinaus ein mechanisch flexibler Bildsensorchip entworfen, simuliert und gefertigt, dessen Betrieb unabhängig von der ausgeübten mechanischen Spannung ist. Der ultra-dünne 20 μm Bildsensorchip ist geeignet auf zylindrisch gewölbte Oberflächen aufgebracht zu werden und erlaubt die Aufnahme raumrichtungsselektiver optischer Informationen im Sinne eines Panoramablicks.
Highly scalable and manufacturable heterogeneous charge trap NAND technology (2013)

For the first time, we will present production-ready heterogeneous charge trap NAND technology based on Silicon Rich Nitride. The competitive product performance, reliability, and manufacturability demonstrated at the 43nm node, in conjunction with the planar cell architecture have laid the foundation for scaling to <; 20nm.
Translational utility of a hierarchical classification strategy in biomolecular data analytics (2017)

Hierarchical classification (HC) stratifies and classifies data from broad classes into more specific classes. Unlike commonly used data classification strategies, this enables the probabilistic prediction of unknown classes at different levels, minimizing the burden of incomplete databases. Despite these advantages, its translational application in biomedical sciences has been limited. We describe and demonstrate the implementation of a HC approach for "omics-driven" classification of 15 bacterial species at various taxonomic levels achieving 90-100% accuracy, and 9 cancer types into morphological types and 35 subtypes with 99% and 76% accuracy, respectively. Unknown bacterial species were probabilistically assigned with 100% accuracy to their respective genus or family using mass spectra (n = 284). Cancer types were predicted by mRNA data (n = 1960) for most subtypes with 95-100% accuracy. This has high relevance in clinical practice where complete datasets are difficult to compile with the continuous evolution of diseases and emergence of new strains, yet prediction of unknown classes, such as bacterial species, at upper hierarchy levels may be sufficient to initiate antimicrobial therapy. The algorithms presented here can be directly translated into clinical-use with any quantitative data, and have broad application potential, from unlabeled sample identification, to hierarchical feature selection, and discovery of new taxonomic variants.
Structural and functional consequences of switching carboxy terminal domains in mouse CD200 receptors (2012)

CD200:CD200R interactions regulate immune responses. Since CD200Rs show extensive homology in their extracellular region, generating anti-CD200R specific antibodies is a challenge. We report below on the generation of mAbs specific for murine (m)R1/R2 and evidence that mR2 is expressed on the cell surface in the absence of the adaptor protein Dap12. Despite homology between mR1 and mR4, the unexpected reduction in the molecular mass (i.e. 90kDa vs 48kDa) between the two receptors suggested that the TM and cytoplasmic region of mR4 regulated glycosylation. Substitution of the TM and cytoplasmic region of mR1 and mR2 with that of mR4 reduced glycosylation of the chimeric receptors mR1r4 and mR2r4 implying that these regions regulated the glycosylation of mCD200Rs. In activation experiments, phosphorylation of Dap12 following interaction with CD200 occurred on cells expressing mR2V5 but not mR4V5. Similar experiments with the chimeric receptors mR1r2 and mR1r4 also produced phosphorylation of Dap12. Our data suggest that the TM and cytoplasmic region of mCD200Rs dictate their state of glycosylation and provide further evidence that both mCD200R1 and mCD200R2 bind CD200 as ligand with functional consequences for down-stream signaling.
ROC components-of-variance analysis of competing classifiers (2002)

In the last decade in the field of diagnostic imaging, the problem of variability of reader skill as well as patient case difficulty has given rise to a multivariate approach to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The multivariate approach is the so-called multiple-reader, multiple-case (MRMC) ROC paradigm in which every reader reads every patient case and, where possible, in each of two modalities under comparison. The present paper demonstrates the isomorphism between patient cases, image readers, and imaging modalities in diagnostic imaging and, respectively, test sets, training sets, and competing discriminant algorithms in the field of statistical pattern recognition (SPR). Thus, the MRMC paradigm can be brought directly across from imaging to SPR. Recent MRMC ROC analytical methods are demonstrated in the context of SPR for the task of analyzing the natural components of variance in that problem involving test sets, training sets, and competing discriminants. Monte Carlo trials reported here indicate that the conventional wisdom that the variance of measures of classifier accuracy comes mainly from the finite test set is only true when assessing a single algorithm in a very limited context. In particular, it is generally not true when comparing competing discriminant algorithms; in that case the variance is dominated by the finite training set.
CERN LINAC4 DRIFT TUBE LINAC MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY (2014)

The manufacturing of the Linac4 Drift Tube Linac (DTL) components has been completed and the assembly of the structures is in its final stages. 3 tanks of 3.9m, 7.3m, and 7.3m, designed to accelerate a 40mA average pulse current H–beam from 3 to 50MeV, are being assembled from 2, 4 and 4 segments of about 2.0m length, containing each from 22 drift tubes at the low energy end, down to only 6 at the high energy end. Due to its peculiar design avoiding adjustment mechanisms on the drift tube, tight tolerances have to be maintained in the production. This paper discusses the assembly stages that are used to achieve the tolerances over the full length of the structures. Metrology results on the assembled DTL Tank1 confirm the required precision.
Attosecond nonlinear polarization and energy transfer in solids (2016)

Attosecond polarization spectroscopy is a new experimental technique resolving the nonlinear polarization and energy-transfer induced by visible few-cycle strong fields in solids. It reveals the intensity dependent response time of the system with attosecond resolution.