gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Assembly through Stepwise Crystalliztion (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSelf-Assembly through Stepwise CrystalliztionYiyan Chen, Gregory L. Baker, Yaqiang Ding, and John F. RaboltView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824 Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 29, 6962–6963Publication Date (Web):July 14, 1999Publication History Received8 June 1998Revised11 June 1999Published online14 July 1999Published inissue 1 July 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/ja981988oCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views363Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (67 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Conformation,Crystal structure,Oligomers,Physical and chemical processes Get e-Alerts
Panorganismal Gut Microbiome−Host Metabolic Crosstalk (2009)

Coevolution shapes interorganismal crosstalk leading to profound and diverse cellular and metabolic changes as observed in gut dysbiosis in human diseases. Here, we modulated a simplified gut microbiota using pro-, pre-, and synbiotics to assess the depth of systemic metabolic exchanges in mice, using a multicompartmental modeling approach with metabolic signatures from 10 tissue/fluid compartments. The nutritionally induced microbial changes modulated host lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism at a panorganismal scale. Galactosyl-oligosaccharides reduced lipogenesis, triacylglycerol incorporation into lipoproteins and triglyceride concentration in the liver and the kidney. Those changes were not correlated with decreased plasma lipoproteins that were specifically induced by L. rhamnosus supplementation. Additional alteration of transmethylation metabolic pathways (homocysteine-betaine) was observed in the liver and the pancreas following pre- and synbiotic microbial modulation, which may be of interest for control of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Probiotics also reduced hepatic glycogen and glutamine and adrenal ascorbate with inferred effects on energy homeostasis, antioxidation, and steroidogenesis. These studies show the breadth and the depth of gut microbiome modulations of host biochemistry and reveal that major mammalian metabolic processes are under symbiotic homeostatic control.
Linking Objects to Actions: Encoding of Target Object and Grasping Strategy in Primate Ventral Premotor Cortex (2015)

The present work demonstrates that the activity of groups of neurons in primate ventral premotor cortex reflects information related to visually presented objects, as well as the motor strategy used to grasp them, linking individual objects to multiple possible grips. PMv could provide useful control signals for neuroprosthetic assistive devices designed to interact with objects in a flexible way.
Design and Optimization of SRAM Macro and Logic Using Backside Interconnects at 2nm node (2021)

In this work, we explore the resource of backside (BS) interconnect for signal routing in SRAM macro and logic at 2nm technology node to tackle the technology scaling induced frontside (FS) BEOL routing congestion challenge. High-aspect ratio nano-Through-Silicon-Vias (nTSVs) used as BS to FS metal layers connections have been manufactured with sufficiently low resistance (~20 Ohm) and capacitance (~0.04fF). Compared to the FS BEOL, the BS routing is very beneficial in improving delay and power efficiency for long interconnect signal routing. Performance and power efficiency improvement up to 44% and 32% respectively is observed using the BS routing for customized SRAM macros (2nm nanosheet, up to 4Mbit) global routing when compared to the FS counterpart. In addition, the BS routing also leads to logic cells (2nm forksheet, extracted from an ARM™ CPU) speed improvement of up to 2.5X and energy efficiency increase of 60% for logic gates driving long interconnect. With capacitance optimization for BS metals, additional 20% performance improvement is observed for SRAM macros and logic cells driving long wirelength.
Non-Stationary Bandits under Recharging Payoffs: Improved Planning with Sublinear Regret (2022)

The stochastic multi-armed bandit setting has been recently studied in the non-stationary regime, where the mean payoff of each action is a non-decreasing function of the number of rounds passed since it was last played. This model captures natural behavioral aspects of the users which crucially determine the performance of recommendation platforms, ad placement systems, and more. Even assuming prior knowledge of the mean payoff functions, computing an optimal planning in the above model is NP-hard, while the state-of-the-art is a $1/4$-approximation algorithm for the case where at most one arm can be played per round. We first focus on the setting where the mean payoff functions are known. In this setting, we significantly improve the best-known guarantees for the planning problem by developing a polynomial-time $(1-{1}/{e})$-approximation algorithm (asymptotically and in expectation), based on a novel combination of randomized LP rounding and a time-correlated (interleaved) scheduling method. Furthermore, our algorithm achieves improved guarantees -- compared to prior work -- for the case where more than one arm can be played at each round. Moving to the bandit setting, when the mean payoff functions are initially unknown, we show how our algorithm can be transformed into a bandit algorithm with sublinear regret.
ChemInform Abstract: CHIRALE 1,4‐BENZODIAZEPIENE 1. MITT. TRENNUNGSVERSUCHE VON 7‐CHLOR‐1,3‐DIHYDRO‐3‐HYDROXY‐5‐PHENYL‐2H‐1,4‐BENZODIAZEPIN‐2‐ON UND SEINEM N(1)‐METHYL‐DERIVAT (1972)

Abstract Durch Reaktion der Titelverbind.ungen mit Camphansäurechlorid in Pyridin wurden Diastereomerengemische der Ester (I) dargestellt und chromatographisch getrennt.
Processing and properties of hot-forged bulk superconductors (1995)

(Bi,Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} (Bi-2223) and TlBa{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} (Tl-1223) bars were hot forged in air at 820--850C. Final stresses of 2--3 MPa were sufficient to produce >95% dense Bi-2223 bars. In contrast, stresses to {approx}42 MPa were able to produce only 75--80% dense Tl-1223 bars. The Bi-2223 bars were more phase-pure and exhibited much stronger c-axis textures than the Tl-1223. Maximum critical current densities at 77 K were 8 {times} 10{sup 4} A/cm{sup 2} for the Bi-2223 and 2 {times} 10{sup 4}/cm{sup 2} for the Tl-1223. Fracture strength and toughness values were 140 MPa and 2.9 MPa{radical}m for the Bi-2223 and 50 MPa and 0.5 MPa{radical}m for the Tl-1223.
Up-Regulation of Cutaneous α1-Adrenoceptors in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I (2014)

Epidermal cells influence nociception by releasing ligands that act on sensory nerve fibers. Moreover, an increased expression of α1 -adrenoceptors on nociceptive afferents has been shown to aggravate neuropathic pain. Thus, the heightened expression of α1 -adrenoceptors in dermal nerves and epidermal cells might augment pain and neuroinflammatory disturbances after tissue injury in patients with CRPS type I.
Effects of Red-Cell Storage Duration on Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery (2020)

Some observational studies have reported that transfusion of red-cell units that have been stored for more than 2 to 3 weeks is associated with serious, even fatal, adverse events. Patients undergoingcardiac surgery may be especially vulnerable to the adverse effects of transfusion.
Stabilization of Ion Concentration Polarization Using a Heterogeneous Nanoporous Junction (2009)

We demonstrate a recycled ion-flux through heterogeneous nanoporous junctions, which induce stable ion concentration polarization with an electric field. The nanoporous junctions are based on integration of ionic hydrogels whose surfaces are negatively or positively charged for cationic or anionic selectivity, respectively. Such heterogeneous junctions can be matched up in a way to achieve continuous ion-flux operation for stable concentration gradient or ionic conductance. Furthermore, the combined junctions can be used to accumulate ions on a specific region of the device.
Molecular imaging of thrombosis using FBP8-PET allows whole-body thrombus detection and fibrin content estimation (2015)

78 Objectives Thrombosis is often the underlying cause of major cardiovascular diseases including heart attack, stroke and venous thromboembolism, leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Thrombus imaging relies on different diagnostic modalities that are specific for distinct vascular territories, but a single-modality approach is still missing. Moreover, imaging techniques to assess thrombus stage and composition are underdeveloped, although therapeutic strategies may benefit from such information. Here, we tested whether the fibrin-specific PET probe FBP8 is suitable for whole-body thrombus detection and fibrin content estimation. Methods The fibrin-binding probe FBP8 was synthesized by conjugation of a short cyclic peptide with high affinity for fibrin to a macrocyclic chelator (NODAGA), followed by labeling with 64Cu. Thrombosis was induced by ferric chloride application on the carotid artery and femoral vein of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats, and FBP8-PET was performed 1, 3 or 7 days after thrombus induction. The whole-body thrombus detection capabilities of FBP8-PET were further assessed in a model of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (DVT-PE, n=7). Results Arterial and venous thrombi were clearly localized on fused PET/CT images, with an accuracy >97% (95% confidence interval 92-100%). PET imaging showed that probe uptake was greater in fresh clots than in older ones for both arterial and venous thrombosis (P Conclusions We demonstrated that FBP8-PET is a feasible approach for whole-body thrombus detection and for non-invasive evaluation of fibrin content. FBP8-PET represents a novel and valuable diagnostic strategy for translation in clinical imaging of thrombosis. Research Support HL109448 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (Dr. Caravan).
Fermented Milks, Probiotic Cultures, and Colon Cancer (2004)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of death from cancer in the Western world. Approximately 70% of CRC is associated with environmental factors, probably mainly the diet. There is interest in the potential protective role of fermented milks containing probiotic cultures against CRC. This article analyzes the existing data from human, animal, and in vitro studies that explore whether consumption of milks fermented with probiotic cultures could play a role in colon cancer risk reduction. Cohort studies have failed to detect significant effects, but most case-control studies favor a protective role of fermented milks against colon cancer. Interventional studies have shown a shift of intermediate markers of CRC risk in human subjects from a high- to low-risk pattern after ingestion of fermented milks or probiotics. Animal studies consistently show a reduction in chemically induced colorectal tumor incidence and aberrant crypt formation accompanying probiotic administration. In vitro studies also provide evidence of protection, and permit a better understanding of active compounds involved, and of the mechanisms underlying their anticarcinogenic effects. Probiotics may beneficially modulate several major intestinal functions: detoxification, colonic fermentation, transit, and immune status, which may accompany the development of colon cancer. Although the evidence is not conclusive and much further research is required, the data reviewed constitute a promising body of evidence supporting the protective role of milks fermented with probiotic cultures in colon cancer risk reduction.
Computed Hypersonic Flow About A Sharp Cone (1991)

Report describes mostly computational study of hypersonic flow about sharp cone. Part of continuing effort to understand and predict complicated aerodynamic and heat-transfer phenomena in flows over forebodies of such hypersonic vehicles as Space Shuttle and proposed National Aerospace Plane. Focuses on transition from laminar to turbulent flow, with particular reference to heat-transfer predictions.
Particulate matter 2.5 promotes inflammation and cellular dysfunction via reactive oxygen species/p38 MAPK pathway in primary rat corneal epithelial cells (2022)

Taken together, our findings show that PM<sub>2.5</sub> can promote the ROS/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway and lead to mitochondrial damage and DNA double-strand break, which is ultimately caused inflammation and cytotoxicity in RCECs. These findings indicate that the ROS/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway is one mechanism involved in PM<sub>2.5</sub>-induced ocular surface disorders.
Sustained ventilatory capacity in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (2006)

ALS causes motoneuron degeneration and, ultimately, patient death by respiratory failure. Thus, we investigated the capacity to increase ventilation in a transgenic rat model of ALS that over expresses a mutated form of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1G93A). Whole body plethysmography was used to measure ventilation in mutant (n=7) and wild type (n=7) rats during baseline conditions, and during inhalation of 5% and 7% CO2 in air, or 7% CO2 in 10% O2. Measurements were repeated weekly from 61±10 days old until end-stage (defined by 20% weight loss) at 123±14 days. We hypothesized that the capacity to increase breathing during chemoreceptor stimulation declines with disease progression, particularly tidal volume (VT). However, there were no significant differences in VT (ml), frequency (breaths/min), or minute ventilation (ml/min) between SOD1G93A and wild type rats at any age or level of chemoreceptor stimulation (p > 0.05). When VT (ml/100g) and minute ventilation (ml/min/100g) were normalized to body mass, both were greater in SOD1G93A versus wild type rats at all levels of chemoreceptor stimulation at end-stage (p<0.05); normalized ventilation was elevated most at higher chemoreceptor stimulation levels (p<0.05). Since phrenic motor output in these same rats decreased approximately 50% at end-stage (Nashold et al., ibid), we conclude that mutant rats compensate for lost diaphragmatic function by recruiting accessory inspiratory muscles, most likely via mechanisms of neuroplasticity. In conclusion, SOD1G93A rats withstand respiratory challenges until late stage disease. Supported by the ALS Association and NIH HL89209, HL65383 and HL07654.
Implementation strategy fidelity evaluation for a multidisciplinary Chest Injury Protocol (ChIP) (2020)

Abstract BackgroundBlunt chest wall injuries can lead to complications, especially without early intervention. A blunt ch est i njury p rotocol (ChIP) was developed to help improve consistency of evidence-based care following admission to emergency. Implementation strategy fidelity is the extent to which the strategies of implementation are delivered in line with the intended plan. The aim of this paper was to assess fidelity to the strategies of the implementation plan developed for ChIP. MethodsA retrospective evaluation of strategies used for implementation was performed, specifically the behaviour change techniques (BCTs). BCTs were used as part of an implementation plan derived based on the Behaviour Change Wheel from results from a staff survey at two hospitals. Levels of implementation or adaptation for BCTs were scored by implementers as follows; ‘Were the behaviour change interventions implemented?’ (0 = ‘not implemented’, 1 = partially-implemented, and 2 = fully-implemented); ‘Were adaptations made to the implementation plan?’. Scored 1 (many changes from plan) to 4 (just as planned). Free text explanation to their responses was also collected with supporting evidence and documentation (such as emails, implementation checklists, audit reports, and incident reports). ResultsThere was high overall fidelity of 97.6% for BCTs partially or fully implemented. More than three quarters (32/42, 76.2%) of the BCTs were fully-implemented with an additional 9/42 (21.4%) partially implemented. BCTs that were not fully implemented were social support, feedback on behaviour, feedback on outcomes of behaviour, adding objects to the environment, and restructuring the environment. The modes of delivery with poorer implementation or increased adaptations were clinical champions and audit/feedback.ConclusionsThis study advances implementation theory and research by presenting a novel method of evaluating implementation strategy fidelity, combining previously used methods. The systematic use and application of the behaviour change wheel was used to develop an implementation plan and was associated with high implementation strategy fidelity. A fidelity checklist developed during the implementation process may help implementers assess fidelity. Trial registration Trial registered on ANZCTR. Registration number ACTRN12618001548224, date approved 17/09/2018
Hospitalization for Pneumonia among Individuals With and Without HIV Infection, 1995–2007: A Danish Population‐Based, Nationwide Cohort Study (2008)

The risk of pneumonia in persons with HIV infection has decreased substantially since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy, but HIV infection remains a strong risk factor for the need for hospitalization to treat pneumonia, even in persons with high CD4(+) cell counts.
A study of the incipience of nucleate boiling at the submicronic scale (2016)

International audience
An Integrated Methodology for the Verification of Directory-Based Cache Protocols (1994)

The complexity of directory based protocols has motivated us to build a hardware emulator or testbed for the rapid prototyping of various protocols under various memory consistency models for CC-NUMA architectures. To implement and verify new protocols rapidly on the testbed, we have developed an overall methodology around a set of tools applicable to different aspects of the verification of a protocol, i.e., protocol-intrinsic errors, memory access ordering errors and protocol implementation errors. These tools include formal verification techniques, architecture simulators and hardware mechanisms implemented in the FPGAs of the testbed.
Pharmacological targeting of plasmin prevents lethality in a murine model of macrophage activation syndrome (2017)

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening disorder characterized by a cytokine storm and multiorgan dysfunction due to excessive immune activation. Although abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolysis are major components of MAS, the role of the fibrinolytic system and its key player, plasmin, in the development of MAS remains to be solved. We established a murine model of fulminant MAS by repeated injections of Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) agonist and d-galactosamine (DG) in immunocompetent mice. We found plasmin was excessively activated during the progression of fulminant MAS in mice. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of plasmin counteracted MAS-associated lethality and other related symptoms. We show that plasmin regulates the influx of inflammatory cells and the production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Collectively, our findings identify plasmin as a decisive checkpoint in the inflammatory response during MAS and a potential novel therapeutic target for MAS.
Picosecond response of optically driven Y-Ba-Cu-O microbridge and Josephson-junction integrated structures (1999)

We report our studies on single-picosecond electrical pulse excitation and detection in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ (YBCO) transmission lines containing microbridges and grain-boundary Josephson junctions. The structures were patterned in YBCO films grown by laser ablation on MgO bicrystals and consisted of 20-/spl mu/m-wide coplanar lines, separated by a 20-/spl mu/m-wide gap. Each transmission line contained a 5-/spl mu/m-wide and 10-/spl mu/m-long microbridge and a 5-/spl mu/m-wide grain-boundary weak link, and was overlaid with 50 nm of Au to improve its high frequency properties. Using a Ti:sapphire laser, we excited the microbridge with 100-fs-wide 400-nm-wavelength optical pulses and studied response of our test structures, utilizing a cryogenic electro-optic sampling system. We directly observed 2.1-ps-wide pulses generated by YBCO microbridges, as well as the single-picosecond Josephson junction response. The junction response depended directly on the current bias and its polarity with respect to the excitation electrical pulse, and exhibited single-flux-quantum-like characteristics. Our test structures can be regarded as examples of all-YBCO ultrafast optoelectronic circuits.
F2-isoprostane generation in isolated ferret lungs after oxidant injury or ventilated ischemia (1998)

Pulmonary edema develops when pulmonary blood flow is interrupted, then restored. Because the lung is not always hypoxic when ischemic, mechanisms of pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury are likely to differ from systemic organs, where reactive oxygen species generated during reperfusion mediate organ dysfunction. We previously showed that pulmonary vascular permeability of isolated ferret lungs increased prior to reperfusion, if ventilation was maintained while blood flow was impaired. To determine whether reactive oxygen metabolites generated during ischemia mediated ischemic injury, we measured tissue levels of F2-isoprostanes as an index of lipid peroxidation, 30 min after administration of glucose (5 mM)-glucose oxidase (GOX, 0.1 U/ml), or after short (45 min) or long (180 min) ventilated ischemia, in isolated ferret lungs. Osmotic reflection coefficient for albumin (sigma alb), an estimate of vascular protein permeability, was measured in the same lungs. Tissue F2-isoprostanes increased 375% after exposure to glucose-GOX in association with a 42% decrease in sigma alb, and administration of catalase (CAT, 100,000 U) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, 25,000 U) completely attenuated this lipid peroxidation. In contrast, tissue F2-isoprostanes increased only 60% following 45 min of ischemia, then did not increase additionally. sigma alb was not altered by 45 min of ischemia, but decreased 72% following 180 min of ischemia. CAT+SOD did not alter F2-isoprostane formation during ischemia, but partially attenuated vascular injury. These results suggest that tissue levels of F2-isoprostanes reflect lung lipid peroxidation, but that F2-isoprostane generation does not directly increase vascular permeability following ventilated pulmonary ischemia.
Concrete budgeting: A financial planning tool for intertemporal tradeoffs and just-in-time information (2009)

Existing budgeting tools take only the short-term view; here, we present an interface for scenario-based, long-term planning. Our work is grounded in recent empirical advances in behavioral economics. We present a system architecture and suggest contributions and directions for future research.