gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Figure S7 from Preneoplastic Alterations Define CLL DNA Methylome and Persist through Disease Progression and Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Low count MBL already show signs of the altered DNA methylation landscape&lt;/p&gt;
Osseous Reconstruction Using an Occlusive Titanium Membrane Following Marginal Mandibulectomy (2014)

Guided bone regeneration using barrier membranes is useful in bone augmentation. In contrast to flexible membranes, stiff membranes such as titanium membranes are capable of maintaining sufficient space underneath them. We report a case of bone regeneration under an occlusive titanium membrane following marginal mandibulectomy in a 50-year-old patient with odontogenic keratocyst. Preoperative analysis of the anatomical conditions was evaluated with panoramic radiographs and spiral computer tomography (CT) scan. The digital data from the CT scan were transferred to a personal computer. Using Simplant software, a mirror image of the right mandible was constructed from which a custom-made titanium membrane was made. The cyst with the remaining inferior alveolar nerve was removed and curettage of the lesion was performed under general anesthesia. The definitive titanium plate was inserted and fixated with osteosynthesis screws, and then removed 5 years later. Postoperative CT scanning showed good healing, bone growth under the titanium plate, and no evidence of residual cyst The titanium plate reinforced the mandibular skeleton and restored the shape of the mandible and facial symmetry; it also promoted new bone formation to fill in the mandibular defects.
Computer‐assisted image analysis of human cilia and Chlamydomonas flagella reveals both similarities and differences in axoneme structure (2012)

In the past decade, investigations from several different fields have revealed the critical role of cilia in human health and disease. Because of the highly conserved nature of the basic axonemal structure, many different model systems have proven useful for the study of ciliopathies, especially the unicellular, biflagellate green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Although the basic axonemal structure of cilia and flagella is highly conserved, these organelles often perform specialized functions unique to the cell or tissue in which they are found. These differences in function are likely reflected in differences in structural organization. In this work, we directly compare the structure of isolated axonemes from human cilia and Chlamydomonas flagella to identify similarities and differences that potentially play key roles in determining their functionality. Using transmission electron microscopy and 2D image averaging techniques, our analysis has confirmed the overall structural similarity between these two species, but also revealed clear differences in the structure of the outer dynein arms, the central pair projections, and the radial spokes. We also show how the application of 2D image averaging can clarify the underlying structural defects associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Overall, our results document the remarkable similarity between these two structures separated evolutionarily by over a billion years, while highlighting several significant differences, and demonstrate the potential of 2D image averaging to improve the diagnosis and understanding of PCD.
Optical fibers in instrumental UV-analytics (2009)

Physical and optical properties of optical fibers have improved over recent years significantly. Especially classic UV detection techniques in traditional chemistry, HPLC and dissolution testing rely more and more on fiber optic light guiding techniques to transport light to and from a sample simplifying the design of such detection techniques. An overview on the current status of UV-fiber optical properties will be given in this work. Especially, the reduction of UVdefects in the 215 nm wavelength region leading to a lower drift in the whole system, will be discussed. However, these are not the only parameters of interest in a fiber-optic system. For process control or instrumental analytics, the long-term stability including drift and noise must be determined. This requires stringent fiber test procedures similar to light-sources, connectors and complete detector systems. Further, white-light interference between optical interfaces of a fiber optic detection system due to axial movement, degradation of components and temperature often reduces system stability and must be considered. Finally, a cleaning-in-process of a fiber optic immersion probe will be introduced as a further step of system improvement.
Managed Pressure Drilling Enables Drilling Beyond the Conventional Limit on an HP/HT Deepwater Well in the Mediterranean Sea (2011)

Abstract This paper describes the successful application of Managed Pressure Drilling on a deep exploration well drilled offshore Egypt in the Nile Delta. Building upon successful experience utilizing MPD on a HPHT jack-up well, the Operator transferred the experience across to a deepwater exploration project. This represented the first known use of MPD on a floating rig in this water depth and HPHT environment. Water depth was 1100 m, and the well was drilled to over 6000 m with BHP of 17,000 psi. Extensive engineering, training and development of procedures were carried out prior to spud. MPD was utilized to drill four hole sections. Specific techniques were developed to handle floating drilling operations. The resulting benefits associated with MPD led to improvements in drilling performance, and eliminated many of the traditional problems faced on other HPHT wells in the area. MPD has now become an integral part of the well operating philosophy and has established new standards for drilling wells of this type. The well was a rank wildcat with considerable pore pressure unknowns, coupled with narrow pore-fracture drilling window characteristic of HPHT conditions in the Nile Delta. MPD was able to minimize the problems faced on the well by enabling various techniques to be utilized. These techniques included the use of pressure build up analysis to quantify formation pressures, the application of dynamic flow checks, dynamic formation strength limits, and the application of constant bottom hole pressure during dynamic and static drilling fluid circulation conditions. The planning, development and execution phases of the MPD project are detailed in this technical paper.
Author Profiling for English and Spanish Text Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2013 (2013)

Abstract This paper describes an approach for the author profiling task of the PAN 2013 challenge. This work is based on the idea of linguistic modality3 that has been successfully used in other classification tasks such as authorship attri-bution. We consider three different modalities: syntactic, stylistic, and semantic, each representing a different aspect of text. For each modality, we extract infor-mative meta features by computing the similarity relations between the feature vectors in the test files and the centroids of modality specific clusters. Since we were provided texts in both Spanish and English, we build a language indepen-dent framework for author profiling. For both English and Spanish documents, our system performed well for the age identification task. For gender prediction, although our system could not perform as expected for English, it yielded good results on Spanish.
UV-induced Expression of Key Component of the Tanning Process, the POMC and MC1R Genes, Is Dependent on the p-38-activated Upstream Stimulating Factor-1 (USF-1) (2004)

Protection against UV-mediated DNA damage and the onset of oncogenesis is afforded by the tanning response in which UV irradiation triggers melanocytes to increase production of melanin that is then transferred to keratinocytes. A key component of the tanning process is the UV-mediated induction of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and MC1R genes encoding the alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and its receptor, respectively, which play a crucial role in pigmentation by regulating the intracellular levels of cAMP. How these genes are regulated in response to UV irradiation is not known. Here we have shown that UV-induced activation of the POMC and MC1R promoters is mediated by p38 stress-activated kinase signaling to the transcription factor, upstream stimulating factor-1 (USF-1). Importantly, melanocytes derived from USF-1 -/- mice exhibit a defective UV response and fail to activate POMC and MC1R expression in response to UV irradiation. The results define USF-1 as a critical UV-responsive activator of genes implicated in protection from solar radiation.
Fabrication of Fresnel zone plate and phase mask by index change in the bulk of polymers with femtosecond laser pulses (2014)

In recent years, direct writing in the volume of transparent materials using femtosecond pulses has been growing considerably. Applications are wide, namely from holography purposes to the design of optical waveguides or multifocal lenses for optical corrections in micromachining [1]. It is known that permanent modification in the refractive index of the material can be created by tightly focused femtosecond pulses, as a consequence of non linear absorption within the focal volume [2]. In our study, we modified permanently the refractive index in the bulk of a transparent polymer in the visible spectrum. We investigate the range of index change in dependence of laser parameters. Preventing crack apparition or too low index change, we varied notably pulse energy (in the order of 0.2 µJ), spot size (from 2 to 4 µm) on target and laser pulse overlap. For some of the created microstructures, namely the phase masks or diffraction gratings, we evaluated diffraction efficiency on diffraction patterns by power measurements. Indeed, the power ratio of the first order over the zero order of diffraction allows for determining this efficiency. The process uses a Satsuma (Amplitude Systemes) amplified fiber laser that delivers 400 femtosecond pulses (5W@2MHz). Thanks to a frequency conversion to a 515 nm wavelength the spot size can be even reduced and mulptiphotonic absorption efficiency can be increased. This setup allows for design and laser production of multifocal lenses (optical diffractive phase zone plate). In addition, to illustrate the possibilities of our phase masks, we machined patterns which project logos after illumination with coherent light. The machining conditions of these two realizations are very robust.
Locally-Adaptive Image Contrast Enhancement without Noise and Ringing Artifacts (2007)

For real-time imaging in surveillance applications, visibility of details is of primary importance to ensure customer confidence. Additional constraints are the absence of human interaction and low computational complexity. Usually, image quality is improved by enhancing contrast and sharpness. Many complex scenes require local contrast improvements that should bring details to the best possible visibility. However, local enhancement methods mainly suffer from ringing artifacts and noise over-enhancement. In this paper, we present a new multi-window real-time high-frequency enhancement scheme, in which gain is a nonlinear function of the detail energy. Our algorithm controls perceived sharpness, ringing artifacts (contrast) and noise, resulting in a good balance between visibility of details and non-disturbance of artifacts. Its advantage is that gains can be set now much higher than usual and the algorithm will reduce them only at places where it is really needed.
Piezoresponse in the light of surface adsorbates: Relevance of defined surface conditions for perovskite materials (2004)

We report on the influence of a surface layer prevailing on perovskites on the piezoelectricity measured by piezoresponse force microscopy. Surface sensitive measurements show that this layer consists of chemisorbates and physisorbates. The surface layer can be removed to a large extent by heating the sample under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. It is shown that the effect of this treatment on the piezoresponse of the material is significant as the potential difference applied to the sample is no longer reduced by a voltage drop across the adsorbate layer. As a consequence the internal electric field is higher in comparison to the presence of a layer and so the piezoresponse is higher as well.
Rôle endrocrine et paracrine de la vasopressine dans la physiologie de la glande surrénale (1996)

La vasopressine (avp) est une neurohormone qui transmet des informations a travers l'organisme par l'intermediaire de recepteurs couples a des proteines g. L'avp regule la secretion de steroides de la glande surrenale des mammiferes. Au cours de cette etude, nous nous sommes interesses a la voie privilegiee (paracrine ou endocrine) par laquelle l'avp peut exercer ses effets sur la glande surrenale. Nous montrons que l'avp est secretee par la zone medullaire de la glande et que ces secretions ont la possibilite d'activer des recepteurs de sous-type v1a presents dans le cortex, ou des recepteurs de sous-type v1b presents dans la medulla. L'activation de ces deux sous-types de recepteurs induit une augmentation de la concentration en calcium intracellulaire a l'origine d'une secretion de catecholamines par la zone medullaire et d'une secretion de steroides par la zone corticale. L'existence au niveau des cellules du cortex de recepteurs a diverses hormones steroidogeniques nous a permis de montrer qu'il existe des regulations reciproques: ainsi, une stimulation par l'acth inhibe completement la reponse calcique induite par l'avp ou l'angiotensine ii
Ordered Pillar Array Structures of TiO2 by Nanoimprinting Using Anodic Porous Alumina as Molds (2009)

Abstract Ordered pillar array structures of TiO2 were prepared by nanoimprinting process using ordered anodic porous alumina as a mold. The shape of the obtained pillars of TiO2 corresponded to that of the holes of anodic porous alumina used as a mold. The geometric structure of the TiO2 pillar array could be controlled by the condition of the formation of the anodic porous alumina molds.
Arterial stiffness measurements with acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (2003)

We have developed a new method of imaging the mechanical properties of tissues based on very brief (&lt;1msec) and localized applications of acoustic radiation force and the ultrasonic measurement of local tissues' responses to that force. Initial results with this technique demonstrate its ability to image mechanical properties of the medial and adventitial layers within ex vivo and in vivo arteries, and to distinguish hard and soft atherosclerotic plaques from normal vessel wall. We have labeled this method Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging. We describe studies to utilize this technique in the characterization of diffuse and focal atherosclerosis. We describe phantom trials and finite element simulations which explore the fundamental resolution and contrast achievable with this method. We describe <i>in vivo</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> trials in the popliteal, femoral and brachial arteries to assess the relationship between the mechanical properties of healthy and diseased arteries provided by this method and those obtained by alternative methods.
Elastic instability of crystals caused by static atom displacement: A mechanism for solid-state amorphization (1993)

During the solid-state amorphization process, there have been a number of observations showing a large lattice dilatation and softening of shear elastic constants. Based on these reports, the amorphization mechanism was modeled by introducing static displacement of atoms that caused lattice strain. The calculation indicated that a crystalline structure became unstable at a critical strain value. Qualitative agreement was obtained between the calculated and experimental values of the changes in the shear elastic constant and the lattice parameter at the instability point.
Synthesis, characterisation, biological evaluation and in silico studies of sulphonamide Schiff bases (2020)

Sulphonamides are biologically important compounds with low toxicity, many bioactivities and cost-effectiveness. Eight sulphonamide derivatives were synthesised and characterised by FT-IR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis. Their inhibitory effect on AChE, and carbonic anhydrase I and II enzyme activities was investigated. Their antioxidant activity was determined using different bioanalytical assays such as radical scavenging tests with ABTS<sup>•+</sup>, and DPPH<sup>•+</sup> as well as metal-reducing abilities with CUPRAC, and FRAP assays. All compounds showed satisfactory enzyme inhibitory potency in nanomolar concentrations against AChE and CA isoforms with <i>K</i><sub>I</sub> values ranging from 10.14 ± 0.03 to 100.58 ± 1.90 nM. Amine group containing derivatives showed high metal reduction activity and about 70% ABTS radical scavenging activity. Due to their antioxidant activity and AChE inhibition, these novel compounds may be considered as leads for investigations in neurodegenerative diseases.
Time-Dependent Resonance Raman Analysis of a Trinuclear Mixed Valence Coordination Complex (1996)

The resonance Raman spectrum of the trinuclear mixed valence complex [(NC)5FeCN−Pt(NH3)4NC−Fe(CN)5]4- is investigated using a simple time-dependent Raman intensity analysis devised by Heller et. al. The application of the theory provides a means to calculating the relative contributions of each resonantly enhanced vibrational mode to the internal activation barrier for the optical electron transfer process. The reorganization energy calculated by summing over all the contributing modes agrees reasonably well with the value obtained from ground state calculations based on Marcus−Hush theory. In addition, as much as 40% of the overall vibrational reorganization energy is associated with the metal−ligand−metal vibrations along the direction of electron transfer. A brief discussion of the degeneracy and the extent of delocalization of the excited state in this complex is also included. Due to the presence of non-totally symmetric vibrational modes, the occurrence of a pseudo-Jahn−Teller distortion of the excited state cannot be ruled out, which complicates the apportioning of the normal coordinate distortion over the two iron centers. Additionally, the observance of dips in some of the resonance Raman excitation profiles is examined in terms of a resonant deenhancement mechanism.
Comparison of ultrasound and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements in the calcaneus. (1998)

Ultrasound measurements have been proposed as a means of providing structural information on bone but have also been shown to correlate with density. High correlation coefficients have been obtained in vitro, but are lower for in vivo work. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS) and stiffness, to bone mineral density (BMD) measured in the calcaneus at a closely matched region of interest (ROI). Measurements were made in 55 post-menopausal and 20 young, normal women. Calcaneus BMD measurements were made using an ROI (fixed by reference to external axes) to represent the area and location of the ultrasound transducers and an ROI based on anatomical markers, positioned in the posterior part of the calcaneus. BUA was significantly correlated with calcaneus BMD in the fixed ROI (r = 0.77, p < 0.0001) and the anatomical ROI (r = 0.78, p < 0.0001). Correlation of BUA with axial BMD was lower at r = 0.63, p < 0.0001 for the spine (L2-L4) and r = 0.59, p < 0.0001 for the femoral neck. Results for SOS and stiffness were very similar. From the calcaneus dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan images the region representing the ultrasound measurement area was found to contain cortical bone edges in 60% of cases. In 16% of scans a small part (4.5 +/- 4.0%) of the ROI measurement area fell partially outside the heel. However, there was no obvious discrepancy in the ultrasound results in the individual cases where this occurred. The correlation between calcaneus BMD and BUA was improved from r = 0.72 to r = 0.86 when scans with a cortical edge in the measurement ROI were excluded. The values for SOS were similar. In summary, BMD of the calcaneus, when closely matched to the site of ultrasound measurement shows significant correlation with ultrasound measurements. By excluding scans in which the ultrasound measurement appeared to include bone edges, correlations of approximately r = 0.86 were obtained. However, the BMD result still does not explain all of the variance in the ultrasound results.
(A)Historical Science (2015)

In contrast to many other human endeavors, science pays little attention to its history. Fundamental scientific discoveries are often considered to be timeless and independent of how they were made. Science and the history of science are regarded as independent academic disciplines. Although most scientists are aware of great discoveries in their fields and their association with the names of individual scientists, few know the detailed stories behind the discoveries. Indeed, the history of scientific discovery is sometimes recorded only in informal accounts that may be inaccurate or biased for self-serving reasons. Scientific papers are generally written in a formulaic style that bears no relationship to the actual process of discovery. Here we examine why scientists should care more about the history of science. A better understanding of history can illuminate social influences on the scientific process, allow scientists to learn from previous errors, and provide a greater appreciation for the importance of serendipity in scientific discovery. Moreover, history can help to assign credit where it is due and call attention to evolving ethical standards in science. History can make science better.
ChemInform Abstract: Anthracyclines: Selected New Developments. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluating the Impact of Tailored Water Wettability on Performance of CO2 Capture (2020)

The growing emission of CO2 is a severe cause of concern due to its adverse impact on the environment and climate change worldwide. In the past, various approaches, including synthesis of porous materials and amino modifications, were adopted for efficient and direct separation of CO2 from flue gas. Recently, hydrophobicity has been introduced to protect some of the highly potent porous materials and membranes from high humidity and aqueous exposures. While these approaches remained successful in removing CO2 from flue gas, the exact role of hydrophobicity towards CO2 separation is not yet validated in the literature. In this current study, an amine-amplified chemically reactive coating on fibrous cotton has been unprecedentedly developed for facile tailoring of different water wettability through the 1,4-conjugate addition reaction under ambient conditions. Further, these amine-amplified interfaces having tailored water wettability were extended to investigate independently the role of: (a) amine amplification and (b) hydrophobicity on the performance of CO2 separation at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The increased hydrophobicity on the amine-amplified interface played an important role in improving the CO2 uptake from 24 mmol/L (water contact angle (WCA) of 86°) to 63 mmol/L (WCA of 151°). However, superhydrophobic coating that lacked the amine amplification process displayed a poor (7 mmol/L) CO2 separation performance. Thus, controlled amalgamation of amine amplification and bioinspired superhydrophobicity in fibrous cotton lead to a synergistic impact towards efficient CO2 separation at ambient temperature and pressure, irrespective of the level of humidity present during the course of the experiments. Thus, this current study would allow to design a more potent CO2 removal material by strategic association of porosity, amine modulation, and liquid wettability.