gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence of TiOx reduction at the SiOx/TiOx interface of passivating electron-selective contacts (2018)

A TiOx layer is well known as an electron-selective contact material because of its asymmetric band offsets with respect to c-Si. When applying TiOx layers as passivating electron-selective contacts, forming sub-stoichiometric TiOx is important to obtain a low contact resistivity because oxygen vacancies increase the conductivity of TiOx and provide n-type doping effects. In this work, oxygen vacancies at SiOx/TiOx interfaces are investigated by atomic depth profiling of XPS measurements. Three kinds of TiOx layers are studied grown by either e-beam evaporation, atomic layer deposition or sputtering on c-Si. In all three TiOx samples, a resulting stack of c-Si/SiOx/TiOx could be noticed XPS measurements that show SiOx peaks near the c-Si/TiOx interface. Moreover, clear TiO2 peaks, which can be measured at the surface of all three TiOx layer types, gradually change to Ti or TiSi2 peaks near the SiOx/TiOx interface. This indicates that many oxygen vacancies seem to exist at the SiOx/TiOx interface. This TiOx reduction may contribute to the formation of a dipole and increased downward band bending resulting in a lower contact resistivity in the electron-selective contacts. As a result, hetero-junction solar cells with i-a-Si:H/TiOx/Ca/Al contacts exhibit a significant series resistance reduction of about 40 % compared to solar cells with i-a-Si:H/Ca/Al contacts.
User-interface for teleoperation with mixed-signal haptic feedback (2017)

Haptic feedback for minimally invasive surgery is a widely debated topic, especially force sensors for this kind of application are thoroughly researched. The current state-of-the-art includes several realization options, but none of them are suitable to be integrated in small diameter instruments. In this work, we present a new approach for the generation of haptic feedback by using two separate feedback mechanisms for spatial kinesthetic and unidirectional tactile feedback in a teleoperation system with a parallel kinematic slave robot and the design of the corresponding user interfaces. Kinesthetic forces are measured with proximal sensors in the robot kinematic and displayed with a delta-type kinematic mechanism. Tactile signals are acquired with an acceleration sensor placed closely at the tip of the robot manipulator and conveyed open-loop by a vibrating cylinder to the user's palm. Kinesthetic forces up to 15 N can be displayed up to a frequency of 50 Hz. The tactile interface displays accelerations up to 15m/s for frequencies from 50 Hz to 1000 Hz. The combination of the two interfaces allows the display of high-fidelity haptic feedback with greatly reduced requirements on the interface components.
Crystalline (Al1–xBx)PSi3 and (Al1–xBx)AsSi3 Tetrahedral Phases via Reactions of Al(BH4)3 and M(SiH3)3 (M = P, As) (2015)

Crystalline Al1–xBxPSi3 alloys (x = 0.04–0.06) are grown lattice-matched on Si(100) substrates by reactions of P(SiH3)3 and Al(BH4)3 using low pressure CVD. The materials have been characterized for structure, composition, phase purity, and optical response by spectroscopic ellipsometry, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy, which indicate the formation of single phase monocrystalline layers with tetrahedral structures based on AlPSi3 parent phase. The latter comprises interlinked AlPSi3 tetrahedra forming a cubic lattice in which the Al–P pairs are imbedded within a diamond-structured Si matrix as isolated units. Raman scattering of the Al1–xBxPSi3 films supports the presence of substitutional B in place of Al and provides strong evidence that the boron is bonded to P in the form of isolated pairs, as expected on the basis of the AlPSi3 prototype. The substitution of small size B atoms is facilitated by the stabilizing effect of the parent lattice, and it is highly desirable for promoting full lattice matching with Si as required for Si-based solar cell designs. The substitution of B also increases the bond-length disorder leading to a significantly enhanced absorption relative to crystalline Si and AlPSi3 at E < 3.3 eV which may be beneficial for PV applications. Analogous reactions of As(SiH3)3 with Al(BH4)3 produce Al1–xBxAsSi3 crystals in which the B incorporation is limited to doping concentrations at 1020 atoms/cm3. In both cases the classical Al(BH4)3 acts as an efficient delivery source of elemental Al to create crystalline group IV–III–V hybrid materials comprising light, earth abundant elements with possible application in the fields of Si-based technologies and light-element refractory solids.
The J744.2 cell line presents antigen in an I region restricted manner. (1983)

We report here the ability of a murine macrophage-like cell line, J774.2, to present antigen to primed T cells in a genetically restricted manner. J774.2 is a subclone derived from the reticulum cell sarcoma cell line, J774. Like mature macrophages, J774.2 possesses Fc receptors for all immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses; it is capable of performing Fc-mediated phagocytosis, and it secretes both lysozyme and plasminogen activator.
Comparative effects of 28‐day treatment with the new anti‐estrogen EM‐800 and tamoxifen on estrogen‐sensitive parameters in intact mice (1997)

Following 28 days of oral administration, in intact mice, the novel non-steroidal anti-estrogen EM-800 was at least 30-fold more potent than tamoxifen in inhibiting uterine weight. Moreover, the maximal inhibitory effect achieved with tamoxifen on uterine weight was only 40% that with EM-800. The pure anti-estrogenic activity of EM-800 on the hypothalamo–pituitary-gonadal axis is illustrated by the increase in ovarian weight, while tamoxifen, due to its estrogenic activity, decreased ovarian weight. EM-800 is 10- to 30-fold more potent than tamoxifen in inhibiting uterine and vaginal estrogen receptors. Since 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) is the key enzyme in estradiol formation, the potent inhibitory effect of EM-800 on uterine 17β-HSD could play an additional role by decreasing the availability of estradiol in the uterine tissue, while tamoxifen, on the contrary, stimulates activity of the enzyme. The atrophic changes in both the endometrial and myometrial layers achieved with EM-800 almost reached those observed 28 days after ovariectomy. EM-800 also resulted in a marked decrease in the number of ovarian developing follicles and corpora lutea, while the number of atretic follicles was increased. Tamoxifen treatment, on the other hand, produced an increase in both the number and crowding of the endometrial glands and a mild atrophy of the myometrial layer. Tamoxifen caused atrophic changes of the vaginal epithelium, especially at the highest doses, though the atrophy was much less pronounced than that following EM-800 treatment or ovariectomy. In addition to being at least 30-fold more potent than tamoxifen in inhibiting uterine weight, the novel anti-estrogen causes atrophy of the endometrium, stimulates the hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis and inhibits uterine 17β-HSD activity, while tamoxifen exerts opposite and estrogen-like effects on these parameters. Int. J. Cancer 73:381–391, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Autonomous legged hill and stairwell ascent (2011)

This paper documents near-autonomous negotiation of synthetic and natural climbing terrain by a rugged legged robot, achieved through sequential composition of appropriate perceptually triggered locomotion primitives. The first, simple composition achieves autonomous uphill climbs in unstructured outdoor terrain while avoiding surrounding obstacles such as trees and bushes. The second, slightly more complex composition achieves autonomous stairwell climbing in a variety of different buildings. In both cases, the intrinsic motor competence of the legged platform requires only small amounts of sensory information to yield near-complete autonomy. Both of these behaviors were developed using X-RHex, a new revision of RHex that is a laboratory on legs, allowing a style of rapid development of sensorimotor tasks with a convenience near to that of conducting experiments on a lab bench. Applications of this work include urban search and rescue as well as reconnaissance operations in which robust yet simple-to-implement autonomy allows a robot access to difficult environments with little burden to a human operator.
Thiols and Selenols as Electron‐Relay Catalysts for Disulfide‐Bond Reduction (2013)

Weitergeben! Die Fähigkeit von immobilisiertem Dithiobutylamin zur Reduktion von Protein-Disulfidbindungen wird durch die Zugabe von löslichen gespannten cyclischen Disulfiden oder gemischten Diseleniden erhöht. Dieses Elektronen-Relay-Katalysesystem, das auf der Weitergabe von Elektronen vom Harz zum Protein durch kleine Moleküle beruht, bietet eindeutige Vorteile gegenüber einem Überschuss an löslichem Reduktionsmittel. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Abnormalities in Gap Junctions and Ca2+Dynamics in Cardiomyocytes at the Border Zone of Myocardial Infarcts (2001)

Abnormalities in gap junction function and Ca2+ dynamics are believed to be important factors in arrhythmogenesis after myocardial infarction. To elucidate the relationship between changes in Ca2+ dynamics and gap junctions, we analyzed by real-time in situ Ca2+ imaging of fluo-3 loaded whole hearts the spatiotemporal occurrence of Ca2+ waves and the localization of connexin43 (Cx43) at the border zone of myocardial infarcts induced in the rat by coronary ligation. At early time points (2-4 hours postligation), different regions of the left ventricle showed distinct changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations [Ca2+]i. While some cardiomyocytes of infarcted regions exhibited high levels of resting fluo-3 fluorescence, at border zones frequent Ca2+ waves were observed. Some of the waves were abolished by spontaneous Ca2+ transients and others were not. Intact myocardium apart from infarcted regions exhibited homogenous Ca2+ transients. Confocal imaging of Cx43 and actin filaments in the rat heart fixed 2 hours after coronary ligation revealed that Cx43 was markedly decreased in the area of myocyte necrosis with contraction bands and in the neighboring myocardium. These results suggest that abnormal expression and function of gap junctions could be associated with Ca2+ waves at the border zone of myocardial infarcts, possibly through Ca2+ overload.
SNO (2018)

An overview of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is presented, starting from its motivations in the early days, up to the achievements recently recognized with the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics and the 2016 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics, that this session of the Neutrino Telescopes Workshop celebrates. After describing the main design features, the paper will focus on the experimental challenges faced over the years, and then on the results of the three data-taking phases, including the solar neutrino combination analyses.
Implementing Thermal Laser and Photoelectric Laser Stimulation in a failure analysis laboratory (2004)

First Photoelectric Laser Stimulation results (OBIC or LIVA) obtained with an upgraded version of a PHEMOS 1000 from Hamamatsu are presented. This technique is applied in a case study concerning ESD defect localization and is compared to the Thermal Laser Stimulation one.
A unique network of attack, defence and competence on the outer membrane of the periodontitis pathogen Tannerella forsythia (2022)

Periodontopathogenic <i>Tannerella forsythia</i> uniquely secretes six peptidases of disparate catalytic classes and families that operate as virulence factors during infection of the gums, the KLIKK-peptidases. Their coding genes are immediately downstream of novel ORFs encoding the 98-132 residue potempins (Pot) A, B1, B2, C, D and E. These are outer-membrane-anchored lipoproteins that specifically and potently inhibit the respective downstream peptidase through stable complexes that protect the outer membrane of <i>T. forsythia</i>, as shown <i>in vivo</i>. Remarkably, PotA also contributes to bacterial fitness <i>in vivo</i> and specifically inhibits matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 12, a major defence component of oral macrophages, thus featuring a novel and highly-specific physiological MMP inhibitor. Information from 11 structures and high-confidence homology models showed that the potempins are distinct β-barrels with either a five-stranded OB-fold (PotA, PotC and PotD) or an eight-stranded up-and-down fold (PotE, PotB1 and PotB2), which are novel for peptidase inhibitors. Particular loops insert like wedges into the active-site cleft of the genetically-linked peptidases to specifically block them either <i>via</i> a new "bilobal" or the classic "standard" mechanism of inhibition. These results discover a unique, tightly-regulated proteolytic armamentarium for virulence and competence, the KLIKK-peptidase/potempin system.
Immunohistochemical Detection of the Epstein-Barr Virus–Encoded Latent Membrane Protein 2A in Hodgkin's Disease and Infectious Mononucleosis (1997)

We describe two new monoclonal antibodies specific for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) that are suitable for the immunohistochemical analysis of routinely processed paraffin sections. These antibodies were applied to the immunohistochemical detection of LMP2A in Hodgkin's disease (HD). LMP2A-specific membrane staining was seen in the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells of 22 of 42 (52%) EBV-positive HD cases, but not in 39 EBV-negative HD cases. In lymphoid tissues from patients with acute infectious mononucleosis (IM), interfollicular immunoblasts were shown to express LMP2A. This is the first demonstration of LMP2A protein expression at the single-cell level in EBV-associated lymphoproliferations in vivo. The detection of LMP2A protein expression in HD and IM is of importance in view of the proposed role of this protein for maintaining latent EBV infection and its possible contribution for EBV-associated transformation. Because LMP2A provides target epitopes for EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells, the expression of this protein in HRS cells has implications for the immunotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of HD.
Expression of the C5a receptor (CD88) on synovial mast cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1998)

SyMC exhibit phenotypic and functional properties similar to MC in other tissues. In patients with RA, but not OA, SyMC express significant amounts of C5aR (CD88) and release histamine in response to rHuC5a. These results indicate a role for SyMC and C5a/C5aR in the pathogenesis of RA.
Test Results of the SMES Model Coil. Cool-down and Thermal Characteristics. (1998)

A model coil of a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) device, which is a forced-cooled Nb-Ti coil, has been fabricated and a performance test at cryogenic temperatures has been carried out. The SMES model coil is composed of 4 dual pancakes and its total weight is 4.5t. The applied conductors are cable-in-conduit conductors cooled by supercritical helium (SHe) at 4.5K and 0.7MPa. SHe is supplied to the SMES model coil and the structure by a reciprocating bellows pump. The test facility is located at the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) common test facility, was constructed for the testing of an ITER central solenoid model coil. In the experiments, cool-down was finished within 10 days under controlled temperature differences in the SMES model coil. During cool-down and 4.5K operation, pressure drop characteristics of the conductor were measured and the friction factor estimated. The pressure drop characteristics of the SMES model coil were in good agreement with those of the previous cable-in-conduit conductor. During static operation without current, the heat load and refrigerator operation conditions were measured. The heat load of the SMES model coil is 7.5W, which is within the expected value.
A Novel Structure of Resin-Molded High Frequency Multi-Chip Module and a Composite Etching/Press Fabrication Technology. (1998)

チップのダイボンドや位置合わせなどの工程簡略化や電極取り出し方法, 基板の反り低減などの課題を解決する, 新しい着想に基づいたMCM構造とそれを実現するためのエッチング/プレス一括成形工法の提案, ならびにこの新工法の有効性を試作により明らかにした。エッチング/プレス一括成形工法の導入により, (1) 工程の簡略化 (所要時間～1/2) ・リードレス電極構造の形成, (2) 基板掘り込み・両面研削加工による薄形MCM (厚さ<0.5mm) の実現等の見通しが得られた。また, モジュールの“井”形状隔壁構造と機械的矯正法の適用により, Cu基板の反り量を30μm程度に低減できることを明らかにした。
Cover Image (2023)

The cover image is based on the Research Article Environmentally safe preservation and stabilization of natural rubber latex in an acidic environment by J. C. Rodríguez Urbina et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pls2.10089
Complex Structure of η Carinae in the Mid-Infrared (1999)

We report high angular resolution observations of complex mid-infrared (4.8–18 μm) structure in the η Carinae Nebula. This massive (∼120 M⊙), luminous star is surrounded by a large bipolar nebula extending as much as ∼22'' in the mid-infrared. Our observations reveal the presence of several condensations within the complex core known as the Homunculus, as well as what may be a toroidal structure visible at 18 μm. This structure may be related to a similar torus seen at near-infrared wavelengths. Our high angular resolution photometry reveals for the first time the spatial variation of the silicate feature in the nucleus of the η Car Nebula. Finally, we present the first high-resolution mid-infrared color-temperature and optical depth maps for the nebula and discuss their significance in relation to the origin of the emission and evolutionary status of the star.
Suppression of near-field coupling in plasmonic antennas on epsilon-near-zero substrates (2018)

Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) media are an emerging class of nanophotonic materials that engender electromagnetic fields with small phase variation due to their approximately zero permittivity. These quasi-static fields facilitate several unique optical properties, such as subwavelength confinement, arbitrary wavefront control, and enhanced light–matter interactions, which make ENZ materials promising platforms for nanophotonic and plasmonic systems. Here, we report our analysis of single and dimer nanoantennas deposited on an aluminum-doped zinc oxide layer with an ENZ wavelength around 1.5 μm. Using near-field microscopy, far-field spectroscopy, finite-element numerical simulations, and a semi-analytic Fabry–Perot (FP) model, we show that single nanoantennas support highly dispersive plasmonic modes with less than unity effective mode index at wavelengths greater than the ENZ wavelength, which consequently fixes the resonance near the ENZ wavelength of the substrate. Furthermore, we observe a strong reduction in the near-field coupling between dimer nanoantennas via measurements of the resonance shift as a function of gap size. This reduction of near-field coupling allows one to design arrays of independently operating antennas with higher densities and thereby significantly improve the array characteristics, especially when targeting gradient metasurface implementations. Our results demonstrate the use of ENZ materials for increasing the versatility and functionality of plasmonic structures and provide foundational insight into this exotic material phenomenon.
The Determination of Phosphorylation Sites in Peptides and Proteins by Mass Spectrometry (1987)

The phosphorylation of hydroxyl amino acids, i.e., serine, threonine and tyrosine, as a means for the regulation of enzymatic activity is becoming an increasingly important issue among protein chemists and biochemists. A critical factor in the renewed interest in protein phosphorylation has been the recent discoveries that the products of viral and cellular oncogenes, e.g., pp60src, and v-erb-B [1] and a number of cell surface receptors, e.g., epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin receptors [2, 3] possess tyrosine kinase activity. It has also been found that an increasing number of proteins are phosphorylated at several residues (‘multi-site phosphorylation’) and that the degree and extent of phosphorylation can be influenced by a variety of neuronal and hormonal stimuli. Examples of these phenomena can be found for a number of cytoplasmic enzymes such as phosphorylase kinase [4], acetyl-CoA carboxylase [5] and glycogen synthase [6], in addition to a number of membrane glycoproteins such as the receptors to EGF [7] and acetylcholine [8].
The ENCODE (ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements) Project The ENCODE Project Consortium (2004)

The ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project aims to identify all functional elements in the human genome sequence. The pilot phase of the Project is focused on a specified 30 megabases (E1%) of the human genome sequence and is organized as an international consortium of computational and laboratory-based scientists working to develop and apply high-throughput approaches for detecting all sequence elements that confer biological function. The results of this pilot phase will guide future efforts to analyze the entire human genome. With the complete human genome sequence now in hand (1–3), we face the enormous challenge of interpreting it and learning how to use that information to understand the biology of human health and disease. The ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project is predicated on the belief that a comprehensive catalog of the structural and functional components encoded in the human genome sequence will be critical for understanding human biology well enough to address those fundamental aims of biomedical research. Such a complete catalog, or Bparts list,[ would include protein-coding genes, non–protein-coding genes, transcriptional regulatory elements, and sequences that mediate chromosome structure and dynamics; undoubtedly, additional, yet-to-bedefined types of functional sequences will also need to be included. To illustrate the magnitude of the challenge involved, it only needs to be pointed out that an inventory of the best-defined functional components in the human genome— the protein-coding sequences—is still incomplete for a number of reasons, including the fragmented nature of human genes. Even with essentially all of the human genome sequence in hand, the number of protein-coding genes can still only be estimated (currently 20,000 to 25,000) (3). Non–protein-coding genes are much less well defined. Some, such as the ribosomal RNA and tRNA genes, were identified several decades ago, but more recent