gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large nonlinear refraction in InSb at 10 μm and the effects of Auger recombination (2008)

Narrow bandgap semiconductors exhibit very large optical nonlinearities in the infrared owing to large two-photon absorption that scales as the inverse cube of the bandgap energy and the large losses and refraction from two-photon generated free carriers. Except for extremely short pulses, the free-carrier effects dominate the nonlinear losses and nonlinear refraction. Here we develop a method for the calculation of the free-electron refraction cross section in InSb. We also calculate the Auger recombination coefficient in InSb and find it to be in good agreement with existing experimental data. In all the calculations we rely on Fermi-Dirac statistics and use a four-band k⋅p theory for band structure calculations. Experiments on the transmission of submicrosecond CO2 laser pulses through InSb produce results consistent with the calculated parameters.
Prostacyclin mediates neuropathic pain through interleukin 1β-expressing resident macrophages (2013)

Prostacyclin is an important mediator of peripheral pain sensation. Here, we investigated its potential participation in mediating neuropathic pain and found that prostacyclin receptor (IP) knockout mice exhibited markedly decreased pain behavior. Application of an IP antagonist to the injury site or selective IP deficiency in myeloid cells mimicked the antinociceptive effect observed in IP knockout mice. At the site of nerve injury, IP was expressed in interleukin (IL) 1β-containing resident macrophages, which were less common in IP knockout mice. Local administration of the IP agonist cicaprost inhibited macrophage migration in vitro and promoted accumulation of IP- and IL1β-expressing cells as well as an increase of IL1β concentrations at the application site in vivo. Fittingly, the IL1-receptor antagonist anakinra (IL-1ra) decreased neuropathic pain behavior in wild-type mice but not in IP knockout mice. Finally, continuous, but not single administration, of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor meloxicam early after nerve injury decreased pain behavior and the number of resident macrophages. Thus, early synthesis of prostacyclin at the site of injury causes accumulation of IL1β-expressing macrophages as a key step in neuropathic pain after traumatic injury.
Effect of Mortalin on Scar Formation in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and a Rat Incisional Scar Model (2022)

Wound healing is a complicated cascading process; disequilibrium among reparative processes leads to the formation of pathologic scars. Herein, we explored the role of mortalin in scar formation and its association with the interleukin-1α receptor using in vitro and in vivo models. To investigate the effects of mortalin, we performed an MTT cell viability assay, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analyses, in addition to immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation studies using cultured fibroblasts. A rat incisional wound model was used to evaluate the effect of a mortalin-specific shRNA (dE1-RGD/GFP/shMot) Ad vector in scar tissue. In vitro, the mortalin-treated human dermal fibroblast displayed a significant increase in proliferation of type I collagen, α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-β, phospho-Smad2/3-complex, and NF-κB levels. Immunofluorescence staining revealed markedly increased mortalin and interleukin-1α receptor protein in keloid tissue compared to those in normal tissue, suggesting that the association between mortalin and IL-1α receptor was responsible for the fibrogenic effect. In vivo, mortalin-specific shRNA-expressing Ad vectors significantly decreased the scar size and type-I-collagen, α-SMA, and phospho-Smad2/3-complex expression in rat incisional scar tissue. Thus, dE1-RGD/GEP/shMot can inhibit the TGF-β/α-SMA axis and NF-κB signal pathways in scar formation, and blocking endogenous mortalin could be a potential therapeutic target for keloids.
Metal–carbonyl and metal–nitrosyl complexes. Part X. Photochemical generation of organometallic nitrenes and the crystal structure of a carbonylation product, isocyanatocarbonyl-π-cyclopentadienylbis(triphenylphosphine)molybdenum (1971)

U.v. irradiation of a benzene solution of triphenylphosphine and dicarbonyl-π-cyclopentadienylnitrosylmolybdenum yields approximately equal quantities of the simple substitution product carbonyl-π-cyclopentadienylnitrosyl(triphenylphosphine)molybdenum, [(π-C5H5)Mo(CO)(NO)(PPh3)](I), and a complex shown by a three-dimensional X-ray crystal-structure analysis to be isocyanatocarbonyl-π-cyclopentadienylbis(triphenylphosphine)molybdenum, [(π-C5H5)Mo(CO)(PPh3)2(NCO)](II). Irradiation of the azide [(π-C5H5)Mo(CO)(PPh3)2N3] under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide, and of the azide [(π-C5H5)Mo(CO)2(PPh3)N3] in the presence of triphenylphosphine, gives mixtures of [(π-C5H5)Mo(CO)(PPh3)2(NCO)] and [(π-C5H5)Mo(CO)2(PPh3)(NCO)]. These reactions are consistent with the formation of organometallic nitrenes which capture carbon monoxide to produce the isocyanate ligand. The methylene chloride solvate of (II) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with a= 16·65, b= 13·21, c= 18·14 Å, β= 90°12′, and Z= 4, and has ca. 0·5 molecule of CH2Cl2 to each molecule of (II). The atoms were located in electron-density distributions and the co-ordinates and isotropic thermal parameters adjusted by least-squares calculations, the final value of R being 0·114 over 5606 independent reflections. The molybdenum atom, formally seven-co-ordinate, may be described as being at the central position of a distorted square pyramid, with the cyclopentadienyl ring at the apex and the other ligands at the corners of the base. The MoNCO grouping is closely linear, the Mo–M–C and N–C–O angles being 178·3 ± 0·9° and 179·1 ± 1·2°, respectively. The Mo–NCO distance is 2·127 ± 0·008 Å and the Mo–CO distance 1·934 ± 0·010 Å. The Mo–P bond lengths are 2·497 and 2·500 (±0·003)Å. The Mo–C(cyclopentadienyl) distances range from 2·267–2·425 Å(±0·012 Å) and the mean value is 2·333 Å. In the single crystal subjected to X-ray analysis the phosphine ligands of (II) are in a trans relationship. The 1H n.m.r. measurements indicate that the bulk sample of photochemically generated complex (II) consists of a mixture of the cis- and trans-isomers.
Supplementary Table S1 from Mechanisms and Effects of Loss of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Expression in Immune-Privileged Site-Associated B-Cell Lymphoma (2023)

Supplementary Table S1 from Mechanisms and Effects of Loss of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Expression in Immune-Privileged Site-Associated B-Cell Lymphoma
Tunnel dielectrophoresis for ultra-high precision size-based cell separation (2020)

In molecular and cellular biological research, cell isolation and sorting are required for accurate investigation of cell populations of specific physical or biological characteristics. By employing unique cell properties to distinguish between heterogeneous cell populations, rapid and accurate sorting with high efficiency is possible. Dielectrophoresis-based cell manipulation has significant promise for separation of cells based on their physical properties and is used in diverse areas ranging from cellular diagnostics to therapeutic applications. In this study, we present a microfluidic device that can achieve label-free and size-based cell separation with high size differential resolution from a mono-cellular population or complex sample matrices. It was realized by using the tunnel dielectrophoresis (TDEP) technique to manipulate the spatial position of individual cells three dimensionally with high resolution. Cells were processed in high speed flows in high ionic strength buffers. A mixture of different sizes of polystyrene micro-particles with a size difference as small as 1 μm can be separated with high purity (>90%). For the first time, high-pass, low-pass, and band-pass filtering within a mono-cellular mammalian cell population were demonstrated with a tunable bandwidth as small as 3 μm. In addition, leukocyte subtype separation was demonstrated by sorting monocytes out of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from whole blood with high purity (>85%). Its ability to deliver real-time adjustable cut-off threshold size-based cell sorting and its capability to provide an arbitrary cell size pick-up band could potentially enable many research and clinical applications.
Skin Delivery of Hydrophilic Biomacromolecules Using Marine Sponge Spicules (2017)

We report the development of sponge Haliclona sp. spicules, referred to as SHS, and its topical application in skin delivery of hydrophilic biomacromolecules, a series of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans (FDs). SHS are silicious oxeas which are sharp-edged and rod-shaped (∼120 μm in length and ∼7 μm in diameter). SHS can physically disrupt skin in a dose-dependent manner and retain within the skin over at least 72 h, which allows sustained skin penetration of hydrophilic biomacromolecules. The magnitude of enhancement of FD delivery into skin induced by SHS treatment was dependent on its molecular weight. Specifically, SHS topical application enhanced FD-10 (MW: 10 kDa) penetration into porcine skin in vitro by 33.09 ± 7.16-fold compared to control group (p < 0.01). SHS dramatically increased the accumulation of FD-10 into and across the dermis by 62.32 ± 13.48-fold compared to the control group (p < 0.01). In vivo experiments performed using BALB/c mice also confirmed the effectiveness of SHS topical application; the skin absorption of FD-10 with SHS topical application was 72.14 ± 48.75-fold (p < 0.05) and 15.39 ± 9.91-fold (p < 0.05) higher than those from the PBS and Dermaroller microneedling, respectively. Further, skin irritation study and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurement using guinea pig skin in vivo indicated that skin disruption induced by SHS treatment is self-limited and can be recovered with time and efficiently. SHS can offer a safe, effective, and sustained skin delivery of hydrophilic biomacromolecules and presents a promising platform technology for a wide range of cosmetic and medical applications.
NK Cells Lyse T Regulatory Cells That Expand in Response to an Intracellular Pathogen (2008)

We evaluated the capacity of NK cells to influence expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in response to microbial Ags, using Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a model. We previously found that Tregs expand when CD4(+) cells and monocytes are exposed to M. tuberculosis. Addition of NK cells that were activated by monokines (IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18) or by exposure to M. tuberculosis-stimulated monocytes reduced Treg expansion in response to M. tuberculosis. NK cell inhibition of Treg expansion was not mediated through IFN-gamma. Activated NK cells lysed expanded, but not freshly isolated Tregs. Although monokines increased NK cell expression of the activating receptors NKp46, NKG2D, 2B4, CD16, and DNAM-1, only anti-NKG2D and anti-NKp46 inhibited NK cell lysis of expanded Tregs. Of five NKG2D ligands, only UL16-binding protein 1 (ULBP1) was up-regulated on M. tuberculosis-expanded Tregs, and anti-ULBP1 inhibited NK cell lysis of expanded Tregs. M. tuberculosis-stimulated monocytes activated NK cells to lyse expanded Tregs, and this was also inhibited by anti-NKG2D and anti-ULBP1, confirming the physiological relevance of this effect. Our study identifies a potential new role for NK cells in maintaining the delicate balance between the regulatory and effector arms of the immune response.
The synthesis of 6,9‐bis[(aminoalkyl)amino] substituted benzo[g]quinoxaline‐, benzo[g]quinazoline‐ and benzo‐[g]phthalazine‐5,10‐diones via regiospecific displacements (1993)

Abstract The synthesis of 6,9‐difluoro substituted benzo[g]quinoxaline‐5,10‐diones ( 3A ), benzo[g]quinazoline‐5,10‐diones ( 3B ) and benzo[g]phthalazine‐5,10‐diones ( 3C ) have been accomplished. Treatment of 3A, 3B or 3C with diamines or N ‐( t ‐butoxycarbonyl)ethylenediamine led to the corresponding 6,9‐bis[(aminoalkyl)amino]‐substituted analogues related to 2A, 2B and 2C , respectively. The mono‐substituted derivatives 4h and 4i could be isolated from displacements commencing from 3A . A competitive ring‐opening of the pyrimidine ring of 2C occurred during the reaction with N,N ‐dimethylethylenediamine. Removal of the BOC‐protecting group from 2Ac led to the hydrochloride salt 2Ab . A novel synthetic pathway to 6,9‐dihydroxybenzo[g]‐phthalazine‐5,10‐dione ( 21a ) was developed. Conversion of 21a to the ditosylate 21b was readily accomplished. Treatment of 21b with N,N ‐dimethylethylenediamine or N ‐( t ‐butoxycarbonyl)ethylenediamine led to 2Ca and 2Cc , respectively. Removal of the BOC‐protecting group from 2Cc with trifluoroacetic acid followed by ion‐exchange led to the hydrochloride salt 2Cb . Treatment of ditosylate 21b with N ‐( t ‐butoxycar‐bonyl)ethylenediamine also led to the mono‐substituted analogue 25a along with a small amount of the O‐S cleavage product 25b . Treatment of 25a with N,N ‐dimethylethylenediamine led to the unsymmetrically substituted derivative 25c which was converted into the trifluoroacetate salt 25d.
Potential Economic Value-Added Model Using Formation Sampling-While-Drilling in Development Fields (2010)

Abstract Formation sampling-while-drilling (FSWD) technology has recently been introduced, and this new method of obtaining formation samples is expected to reduce costs in development and appraisal wells. Formation testing on wireline (FSWL) pumpout tools have become the preferred method for obtaining formation samples in the drilling stages of a well to appraise the production potential. Although FSWD has the potential of reducing the sampling time, many factors must be considered when evaluating the economic benefit of a new technology. Now that day rates for deepwater drilling have reached $1 million, this has become one of the primary considerations. This paper presents an economic model that can be used to evaluate the cost benefit and to make a comparison between wireline formation fluid samples acquired by the customer in a deep water field in Campos Basin, Brazil, in two scenarios (clastics and carbonates), with the simulation results obtained by the FSWD sensor. Recent publications indicate a potential to reduce the sampling time with FSWD because of reduced invasion time. They also consider other factors, such as the permeability, porosity, and in-situ viscosity of the producing intervals, and the mud system properties that can have an equal effect on the invasion and pumpout time required to reach a sufficiently low contamination sample to evaluate the reservoir. These factors are then used in an economic model that features operation costs for FSWL and FSWD, including the uncertainties regarding the following: Fishing time, which is normally associated with the wireline operation Reduced pumping times associated with lower invasion, which will also reduce operational pump failures associated with extending pumping times Ability to obtain fluid samples in high angle or horizontal sections, reducing the operational time and enabling the operators to change their traditional well construction programs reducing or cancelling the need to drill a pilot well section and/or setting an intermediate casing string
Erratum to: “Phototoxic Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanowires (ZnO NWs) Complexed with 5-ALA in RD Cell Line” (2012)

On page 2168, Fig. 3 should be replaced by and the caption of Fig. 3 should read (a) Morphology of con trolled Rhybdomyosarcoma cells (RD), (b) magnified image of Rhybdomyosarcoma cells (RD), and (c) micro injection model of femtotip capillary.
Process Migration over CCNx (2017)

Process migration involves moving the running state of a process from one physical system to another, as is commonly done for virtual machines. In this paper, we describe how Content Centric Networking (CCNx) facilitates process migration through an intuitive naming ontology and version checkpointing.
Band Engineering of Carbon Nitride Monolayers by N-Type, P-Type, and Isoelectronic Doping for Photocatalytic Applications (2018)

Since hydrogen fuel involves the highest energy density among all fuels, production of this gas through the solar water splitting approach has been suggested as a green remedy for greenhouse environmental issues due to extensive consumption of fossil fuels. Low-dimensional materials possessing a large surface-to-volume ratio can be a promising candidate to be used for the photocatalytic approach. Here, we used extensive first-principles calculations to investigate the application of newly fabricated members of two-dimensional carbon nitrides including tg-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, hg-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>N, and C<sub>3</sub>N for water splitting. Band engineering via N-type, P-type, and isoelectronic doping agents such as B, N, P, Si, and Ge was demonstrated for tuning the electronic structure, optimizing solar absorption and band alignment for photocatalysis. Pristine tg-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, hg-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, and C<sub>2</sub>N crystals involve bandgaps of 3.190, 2.772, and 2.465 eV, respectively, which are not proper for water splitting. Among the dopants, Si and Ge dopants can narrow the band gap of carbon nitrides about 0.5-1.0 eV and also increase their optical absorption in the visible spectrum. This study presents the potential for doping with isoelectronic elements to greatly improve the photocatalytic characteristics of carbon nitride nanostructures.
Separable Karhunen Loeve transforms for the weighted universal transform coding algorithm (1999)

The weighted universal transform code (WUTC) is a two-stage transform code that replaces JPEG's single, non-optimal transform code with a jointly designed collection of transform codes to achieve good performance across a broader class of possible sources. Unfortunately, the performance gains of WUTC are achieved at the expense of significant increases in computational complexity and larger codes. We here present a faster, more space-efficient WUTC algorithm. The new algorithm uses separable coding instead of direct KLT. While separable coding gives performance comparable to that of WUTC, it uses only 1/8 of the floating-point multiplications and 1/32 of storage of direct KLT. Experimental results included in this work compare the performance of new separable WUTC with both the WUTC and other fast variations of that algorithm.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMIE VON AROMATISCHEN VERBINDUNGEN, FRAGMENTIERUNGSRK. DRUCH PHOTOINDUZIERTE ELEKTRONEN‐UEBERTRAGUNG IN LOESUNG (1970)

Abstract Photolyse von 5‐Brom‐2‐methoxy‐pyrimidin (I) in Methanol liefert die Verbindungen (II)‐(VI) in geringer Gesamtausbeute; in Gegenwart von Diäthylamin wird die Verbindung (II) viel schneller gebildet, wobei als Zwischenstufe ein Pyrimidin‐Radikalanion vermutet wird.
Effectiveness of Feature-selected LBP-TOP for Emotional Estimation by Micro-expression (2020)

Bad news given by a medical doctor induces a blank-headed situation and the patient does not remember the contents of an interview. Therefore, the importance of communication between the medical doctor and the patient is emphasized. For smooth communication, the medical doctor should understand emotions of the patient. In this study, we proposed an emotional estimation method using micro-expressions that cannot be controlled by oneself. In the proposed method, LBP-TOP (Local Binary Patterns from Three Orthogonal Planes) was adopted as the feature for emotional estimation. From the experimental results, the emotional classification rate was improved by introducing the feature selection with the ratio of the inter-class variance to within-class one. In addition, the ROI (Region of Interest) is defined as regions of a partial face for feature extraction. The features extracted from the ROI contributed to increasing the emotional classification rate compared to the feature extracted from the whole face.
5G mobile radio access system using SHF/EHF bands (2014)

The radio access system concept based on Phantom Cell concept, which is characterized by adding small cells that yield super high bit rate transmission using higher frequency bands with wider bandwidth on a macro cell that provides coverage and supports mobility, and by separately connecting radio links corresponding to user (U)-plane and control (C)-plane to these cells, has been proposed. Toward realization of the 5th generation (5G) mobile communication network with super high bit rates and capacity, the Phantom Cell concept can be extended so that various types of small cells using the higher frequency bands from super high frequency (SHF) to extremely high frequency (EHF) to be added in the future are accommodated flexibly and appropriately in the 5G network. This paper introduces a 5G mobile radio access system using SHF/EHF by assuming extended Phantom Cell concept and its technical issues e.g. larger path loss in small cell environments, human body shadowing, Massive MIMO architecture and precoding algorithm to achieve super bit rates.
Hydroxyurea induced leg ulcers. (2000)

A 34 years non diabetic lady with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) was treated with hydroxyurea and interferon. She developed leg ulcers. First time on left toe and three months later on right foot, a rare complication of hydroxyurea. Both were treated with local wound care and antibiotics. First time dose of hydroxyurea was reduced and second time drug was discontinued.
bwi.info - Das Ergebnisportal der Bundeswaldinventur (2018)

Aus den Daten der Bundeswaldinventur (BWI) wurden etwa 800 Mio. Ergebnisse berechnet und in Ergebnisdatenbanken gespeichert. Wird angenommen, dass pro Ergebnistabelle durchschnittlich 100 Zahlen dargestellt werden, dann konnen aus den Datenbanken etwa 8 Mio. unterschiedliche Tabellen erzeugt werden. Wie soll der Nutzer in dieser Menge die Zahlen fi nden, die ihn interessieren? Neben Tabellen-Favoriten gibt es im BWI-Ergebnisportal nun auch Karten-Favoriten, einen BWI2012-Atlas.
Review on electrical control strategies for wave energy converting systems (2013)

Renewable energy techniques are now gaining more and more attention as the years pass by, not only because of the threat of climate change but also, e.g. due to serious pollution problems in some countries and because the renewable energy technologies have matured and can be depended upon an increasing degree. The energy from ocean waves bares tremendous potential as a source of renewable energy, and the related technologies have continually been improved during the last decades. In this paper, different types of wave energy converters are classified by their mechanical structure and how they absorb energy from ocean waves. The paper presents a review of strategies for electrical control of wave energy converters as well as energy storage techniques. Strategies of electrical control are used to achieve a higher energy absorption, and they are also of interest because of the large variety among different strategies. Furthermore, the control strategies strongly affect the complexity of both the mechanical and the electrical system, thus not only impacting energy absorption but also robustness, survivability, maintenance requirements and thus in the end the cost of electricity from ocean waves.
Low-Loss Coupling Between Single-Mode Optical Fibers with Very Different Mode-Field Diameters (2012)

We demonstrate a method of multifrequency atomic force microscopy in which optically induced forces are measured. Such a modality permits the simultaneous acquisition of the near-field light intensity and its local gradient. © OSA 2012.