gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control Approach to Fault Disambiguation (2022)

To ensure resilience, systems must be endowed with capabilities for rapid detection, response, and recovery to disruptiveevents. In this paper we focus on faults as disruptive events and use a diagnosis engine for their detection and isolation. In particular we use model-based diagnosis, where the diagnosis engine is provided with a model of the system, nominal values of the parameters of the model and values of some of its inputs and outputs. However, there is no guarantee that the information measured by sensors is sufficient to distinguish between multiple root-causes. We address this challenge using an optimal control approach: we design control inputs such that the similarity between outputs in ambiguous fault modes is reduced. We show that under certain assumptions on the system model, minimizing a similarity metric in terms of outputs is equivalent to increasing the diagnosis certainty. We use an optimization-based approach to input design, where the system model acts as a constraint. We show that by using a surrogate model expressed with constructs endowed with differential operators, we improve the time efficiency of the optimal control problem. We demonstrate our approach on a fuel line system, where feedback control is used to ensure the mass flow rate at the engine follows a prescribed reference. We consider leak faults that affect the fuel lines. We show that under the control inputs generated by the nominal controller, mass flow rate measurements are not enough to accurately isolate leaks. We demonstrate that by using custom inputs that minimize the similarity between the outputs in the ambiguous faults modes, the diagnosis uncertainty is eliminated.
Differential Immune Signatures in the Tumor Microenvironment are Associated with Colorectal Cancer Racial Disparities: A Cohort Study of Biorepository Data (2020)

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background: </bold>Disparities in colorectal cancer outcomes may be due to a more aggressive phenotype in African American patients in the setting of a decreased tumor immunity, though the precise mechanism for this result has not been well elucidated. To explore the molecular factors underlying colorectal cancer disparities, we compared the immunogenomic signatures of colorectal cancer from African American and European American patients.<bold>Methods: </bold>We identified all colorectal cancer patients from the publicly available Cancer Genome Atlas for whom race and survival data are available. Immunophenotype signatures were established for African American and European American patients. Comparisons were made regarding survival and a multivariable linear regression model was created to determine the association of immune cellular components with race. Differential gene expression was also assessed. <bold>Results: </bold>Of the 254 patients identified, 58 (23%) were African American and 196 (77%) were European American. African American patients had a decreased progression free survival (p=0.04). Tumors from African American patients displayed a reduced fraction of macrophages and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and an increased fraction of B cells compared with tumors from European Americans. Differences persisted when controlling for sex, age and disease stage. Immunostimulatory and immunoinhibitory gene profiles including MHC expression differed by race. <bold>Conclusions: </bold>Differences in the tumor immune microenvironment of African American as compared to European American colorectal cancer specimens may play a role in the survival differences between the groups. These differences may provide targeted therapeutic opportunities.
Effect of Obesity on Risk of Hospitalization, Surgery, and Serious Infection in Biologic-Treated Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A CA-IBD Cohort Study (2022)

In a multicenter, EHR-based cohort of biologic-treated patients with IBD, obesity was not associated with hospitalization, surgery, or serious infections. Further studies examining the effect of visceral obesity on patient-reported and endoscopic outcomes are needed.
Increased sympathetic activity in rats submitted to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is coupled to enhanced late expiratory activity (2008)

The mechanisms triggering the sympathetic overactivity in CIH rats are not understood. In the present study, we explored whether juvenile rats exposed to CIH exhibit changes in central respiratory‐sympathetic coupling. CIH was induced with 6% O 2 for 40 s every 9 min, 8 h/day for 10 days. On the 11 th day, awake CIH rats breathing room air showed a higher mean arterial pressure than controls (101 ± 3 vs 89 ± 3 mmHg, n = 14). Recordings of phrenic, thoracic sympathetic (tSNA), cervical vagus (cVN) and abdominal nerve (Abd) activities were made in the working heart‐brainstem preparation. During late expiration (Late E), tSNA was greater in CIH (n = 9) than in control rats (52 ± 5 vs 40 ± 3%, n = 11; P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, CIH rats (n = 6), but not controls (n = 5), also exhibited a peak of activity in Abd during Late E with reduced post‐inspiratory activity in cVN. These observations suggest that CIH alters the breathing pattern evoking Late E activity in the Abd. We propose that this Late E discharge in CIH rats contributes with an additional excitatory synaptic drive to the sympathetic outflow and, in turn, raises arterial pressure. Further studies are required to identify the neuronal populations and the correspondent neurochemical mechanisms responsible for the altered respiratory‐sympathetic entrainment in CIH rats. Supported by CNPq and FAPESP (Brazil) and BHF (UK).
[Determination of caffeine using high-performance liquid chromatography]. (1994)

The present paper reports a method of caffeine assay in human saliva using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Samples of saliva were extracted into a mixture of chloroformisopropanol, the extract was evaporated at 40 degrees C and reconstituted with 100 microliters of methanol. The internal standard was 8-chlorotheophylline, the mobile phase consisted of 30 parts of methanol and 70 parts of 0.01 KH2PO4 buffer, the acidity of which was adjusted to pH = 4 conc.H3PO4. The column NUCLEOSIL C18 5 microns, 250 x 4 mm, was employ for separation, UV detection, 254 nm. The chromatograms are shown in Fig. 1. The introduced method was verified when determining caffeine concentrations in patients with liver cirrhosis and in control persons. The results are shown in Table 2. The calibration curve is linear in the range of the concentrations determined from 0.5 to 10 mg/l with the regression coefficient r1,2 = 0.990. Good reproducibility of the method is characterized by the low values of the relative standard deviations (Table 1). The reported manner of caffeine determination in saliva can be utilized to evaluate liver metabolic capacities.
Illuminating Nitridoberylloaluminates: The Highly Efficient Red-Emitting Phosphor Sr2[BeAl3N5]:Eu2+ (2020)

The nitridoberylloaluminate Sr2[BeAl3N5]:Eu2+ was obtained through reaction of the binary nitrides in a hot isostatic press (HIP) under a pressure of 50 MPa N2 and a temperature of 1400 °C. The crystal structure was solved and refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (P1̅ (no. 2), Z = 2, a = 6.061(2), b = 6.982(3), c = 7.872(4) Å, α = 102.22(3), β = 112.62(2), and γ = 104.02(2)°). The crystal structure of Sr2[BeAl3N5]:Eu2+ is made up out of a network of vertex- and edge-sharing AlN4 tetrahedra and trigonal-planar BeN3 units. The negative charge is compensated by Sr2+ ions occupying three crystallographic sites. Sr2+ ions are coordinated by seven and eight N atoms, respectively. After irradiation of Eu2+ doped samples with blue light (440–450 nm), strong red luminescence (emission maximum at ≈612 nm; full width at half-maximum (fwhm) 65–73 nm (1715–1966 cm–1) is observed. Until now, Sr2[BeAl3N5]:Eu2+ is the only member of a compound class containing only beryllium and aluminum as network building atoms in a nitride, contributing to the range of red-emitting phosphors such as Sr[LiAl3N4]:Eu2+ (SLA), Sr[Li2Al2O2N2]:Eu2+ (SALON), Sr4[LiAl11N14]:Eu2+, or Sr[Mg3SiN4]:Eu2+ (SMS).
Domain structures in donor-doped barium titanate ceramics (1993)

The effects of cooling rate and soaking time on the positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) of donor-doped barium titanate ceramics have been well studied. Daniels and Wernicke presented a model which predicted that an increasing grain boundary thickness led to a continuous transition from a PTC thermistor to an intergranular capacitor. Common in grain boundary potential layer models of PTC behavior, is the assumption that the polarization vector is parallel to the domain boundary (180° domains). Haanstra and Ihrig observed only 90° domains (perpendicular polarization vectors in neighboring domains) in these materials. They did not observe any intergranular second phase in their microstructures, which had grain boundary thicknesses of 2 - 10 nm. They discarded the potential barrier model proposed by Hoffmann in which a 500 am thick second phase layer (possibly Ti-rich) was assumed to be present at the grain boundary. In the present investigation, the domain structures and grain boundary thicknesses in BaTiO 3 PTC thermistor, and the intergranular capacitor specimens were studied.
Prognostic and oncogenic relevance of TLX1/HOX11 expression level in T-ALLs (2007)

TLX1 is a homeodomain transcription factor generally associated with a favorable outcome in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). However, the molecular mechanisms of TLX1 deregulation remain unclear and various transcript levels in the absence of 10q24 abnormalities have been reported. A reproducible and accurate delineation of TLX1(+) T-ALL will be necessary for proper therapeutic stratification. We have studied 264 unselected T-ALLs (171 adults and 93 children) and show that T-ALLs expressing high levels of TLX1 (n = 35, 13%), defined as a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) level of TLX1 greater than 1.00 ABL, form a homogeneous oncogenic group, based on their uniform stage of maturation arrest and oncogenetic and transcriptional profiles. Furthermore, TLX1-high T-ALLs harbor molecular TLX1 locus abnormalities in the majority (31/33), a proportion largely underestimated by standard karyotypic screening. T-ALLs expressing TLX1 at lower levels (n = 57, 22%) do not share these characteristics. Prognostic analysis within the adult LALA94 and GRAALL03 prospective protocols demonstrate a better event-free survival (P = .035) and a marked trend for longer overall survival (P = .059) for TLX1-high T-ALLs, while the expression of lower levels of TLX1 does not impact on prognosis. We propose that TLX1(+) T-ALLs be defined as cases expressing TLX1/ABL ratios greater than 1 and/or demonstrating TLX1 rearrangement. Therapeutic modification should be considered for those patients.
Experimental Optical Tunable Phase-Coherent Multiplexing of Four 20-Gbaud OOK Signals into a Single 80-Gbit/s 16-QAM and Star 16-QAM Signal (2012)

We experimentally demonstrated optical tunable phase-coherent multiplexing of four 20-Gbit/s OOK channels at different wavelengths into a single 80-Gbit/s 16-QAM channel and also a single star 16-QAM channel using PPLN devices.
Rh(iii)-catalyzed synthesis of 1-substituted isoquinolinium salts via a C–H bond activation reaction of ketimines with alkynes (2014)

An efficient synthesis of highly substituted isoquinolinium salts from ketimines and alkynes via a Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H bond activation and annulation reaction is described.
SENNA: device for explosives' detection based on nanosecond neutron analysis (2006)

Portable device for explosives' detection (SENNA) based on Nanosecond Neutron Analysis (NNA) / Associated Particles Technique (APT) has been created and tested. SENNA is a single suitcase weighting 35 kg; it is remotely controlled from any PC-compatible computer. Inside is an APT neutron generator with a 3×3 matrix of semiconductor detectors of associated alpha-particles, two BGO-based detectors of gamma-rays, fully-digital data acquisition electronics, data analysis and decision-making software, and batteries. Detection technology is based on determining chemical composition of the concealed substance by analyzing secondary gamma-rays from interaction of tagged fast neutrons with its material. A combination of position-sensitive alpha-detector and time-of-flight analysis allows one to determine the location of the detected material within the inspected volume and its approximate mass. Fully digital data acquisition electronics is capable of performing alpha-gamma coincidence analysis at very high counting rates, which leads to reduction of the detection time down to dozens of seconds. SENNA's scenario-driven automatic decisionmaking algorithm based of "fuzzy logic" mechanism allows one to detect not only standard military or industrial explosives, but also improvised explosives (including those containing no nitrogen), even if their chemical composition differs from that of standard explosives. SENNA can also be "trained" to detect other hazardous materials, such as chemical/toxic materials, if their chemical composition is in any way different from that of the surrounding materials.
Flexible μTPMs through disembedding (2009)

With the utilization of TPM-based trusted platforms in real applications, and the subsequent adaption of the specification to the experience gained from such utilization, it increasingly appears that the TPM architecture has some fundamental flaws that result in more and more complex and expensive hardware requirements. In this paper, we propose a new architecture that resets the trust boundary to a much smaller scale, thus allowing for much simpler and more flexible TPM implementations, without sacrificing the security gains from a classical TPM.
Development of the JPALS Land-based Integrity Monitor Test Platform (2005)

This paper describes the development of an integrity monitoring capability for the Joint Precision Approach and Landing System (JPALS). A subsystem known as the JPALS Land-based Integrity Monitor (JLIM) attempts to detect and isolate faults associated with GPS satellites, the signal in space, or the ground-based receivers used to generate differential corrections. In this paper we detail the design of a test platform for JLIM. This test platform enables the comparison of various integrity monitoring architectures and algorithms. In particular, the test platform provides the means to compare several integrity monitoring options specific to the JPALS implementation. These design choices include monitoring architectures for dual-frequency measurements, executive monitoring algorithms for availability maximization, and threshold-establishment methods for JLIM deployment in real-world scenarios.
Sylvan Real : Animal Art by Artists from these Parts (1988)

Drawing parallels with the emergence of photorealism, Kanbara accounts for the popularity of wildlife art, situating ten artists within a copyist tradition. Brief statements by artists. Biographical notes. 3 bibl. ref.
Alternative splicing of MR1 regulates antigen presentation to MAIT cells (2020)

Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells can sense intracellular infection by a broad array of pathogens. These cells are activated upon encountering microbial antigen(s) displayed by MR1 on the surface of an infected cell. Human MR1 undergoes alternative splicing. The full-length isoform, MR1A, can activate MAIT cells, while the function of the isoforms, MR1B and MR1C, are incompletely understood. In this report, we sought to characterize the expression and function of these splice variants. Using a transcriptomic analysis in conjunction with qPCR, we find that that MR1A and MR1B transcripts are widely expressed. However only MR1A can present mycobacterial antigen to MAIT cells. Coexpression of MR1B with MR1A decreases MAIT cell activation following bacterial infection. Additionally, expression of MR1B prior to MR1A lowers total MR1A abundance, suggesting competition between MR1A and MR1B for either ligands or chaperones required for folding and/or trafficking. Finally, we evaluated CD4/CD8 double positive thymocytes expressing surface MR1. Here, we find that relative expression of MR1A/MR1B transcript is associated with the prevalence of MR1 + CD4/CD8 cells in the thymus. Our results suggest alternative splicing of MR1 represents a means of regulating MAIT activation in response to microbial ligand(s).
ChemInform Abstract: 9‐(2′‐Deoxy‐β‐D‐xylofuranosyl)adenine Building Blocks for Solid‐ Phase Synthesis and Properties of Oligo(2′‐deoxy‐xylonucleotides). (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Switchable Passive Wireless Vapour Sensors from Inkjet Printed Electronic Components on Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (2016)

A potential route to printed, inexpensive and disposable Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensor tags for chemical sensing such as the monitoring of food spoilage is described. The stimuli responsive material poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), is known to swell upon exposure to organic vapors. Colloidal silver ink solutions were printed and sintered onto surface modified PDMS to give conductive silver feed loops. These loops act as the active sensing component in antennae for passive (battery-free) (RFID) tags. When the tags were exposed to certain solvent vapors (e.g. ether, dichloromethane, acetaldehyde) the printed feed loop fractured. This was accompanied by a rapid increase in resistance and ultimately loss of conductivity. This led to a change in the transmitted power and read range of the wireless device. Remarkably upon removal from the vapor, the fractured feed loops reassemble and become conductive again, making them switchable and &#x201C;multi-use&#x201D;. The selectivity for the response to the vapors could be directly correlated to a function of the Hansen solubility parameters and vapor pressures of the solvents giving rise to the vapours. Significant differences in the solubility parameters between PDMS and the organic volatile and/or low vapor pressures lead to no significant response (e.g. methanol, acetic acid, popan-1-ol). This work paves the way to a fully inkjet printed RFID substrate for vapor detection.
Configurations of Pump Injection and Reinjection for Improved Amplification Efficiency of Turbo Cladding Pumped MC-EDFA (2020)

Configurations of cladding pumped MC-EDFA with pump recycling have been researched to improve optical amplification efficiency. The difference between the four researched configurations is the pump injection and re-injection method. The optical amplification performance was compared experimentally by evaluating the optical gain, noise figure, and the maximum output signal power. The results show the spatial injection and the fiber re-injection with spatial splitting configuration improved the pump recycling efficiency the most, and the configuration offered an additional 3.5 dB of optical gain and boosted the maximum output signal power by 4.0 dB compared to the standard cladding pumping without pump recycling. The improvement in the optical gain due to the pump recycling was constant at 1.0 dB in the fixed experimental set-up even if the input optical signal power was changed. The effect of the spatial intensity distribution widening due to the fiber pump combiner is considered to be effective in improving the pump recycling efficiency. An additional 0.2 dB improvement (1.2 dB in total) in the optical gain was achieved by modifying the free-space lens optics design of the spatial pump splitter.
Fabrication of AlInGaN-based blue-violet laser diode with low input power (2004)

Recent progress on the fabrication processes of blue-violet laser diodes (BV-LDs) which reduced input power and enhanced heat dissipation has been discussed. In order to reduce operating current of the BV-LDs, a novel ridge waveguide structure with two different side angles was developed, and ridge width and thickness between active layer and etched surface wais optimized, as well. For lowering of operating voltage, we optimized the thickness of the highly Mg doped p-GaN contact layer, where the ohmic metals were contacted, as well as pre-treatment process before deposition of p-electrode. Improving the fabrication processes for high power AlInGaN-based BV-LDs as well as optimizing design and growth conditions for BV-LD structures resulted in a threshold current density and a threshold voltage of 3.3 kA/cm2 and 4.4 V, respectively. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Single hepatocellular carcinoma ≤ 3 cm in left lateral segment: Liver resection or radiofrequency ablation (2014)

Liver resection is suitable for single HCC ≤ 3 cm in the left lateral segments.
Efficient nonparametric inference on the effects of stochastic interventions under two‐phase sampling, with applications to vaccine efficacy trials (2020)

The advent and subsequent widespread availability of preventive vaccines has altered the course of public health over the past century. Despite this success, effective vaccines to prevent many high-burden diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), have been slow to develop. Vaccine development can be aided by the identification of immune response markers that serve as effective surrogates for clinically significant infection or disease endpoints. However, measuring immune response marker activity is often costly, which has motivated the usage of two-phase sampling for immune response evaluation in clinical trials of preventive vaccines. In such trials, the measurement of immunological markers is performed on a subset of trial participants, where enrollment in this second phase is potentially contingent on the observed study outcome and other participant-level information. We propose nonparametric methodology for efficiently estimating a counterfactual parameter that quantifies the impact of a given immune response marker on the subsequent probability of infection. Along the way, we fill in theoretical gaps pertaining to the asymptotic behavior of nonparametric efficient estimators in the context of two-phase sampling, including a multiple robustness property enjoyed by our estimators. Techniques for constructing confidence intervals and hypothesis tests are presented, and an open source software implementation of the methodology, the txshift R package, is introduced. We illustrate the proposed techniques using data from a recent preventive HIV vaccine efficacy trial.