gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Low-Power Current-Reuse LNA for 3D Ultrasound Beamformers (2021)

3D ultrasound imagers require low-noise amplifier (LNA) with much lower power consumption and smaller chip area than conventional 2D imagers because of the huge amount of transducer channels. This paper presents a low-power small-size LNA with a novel current-reuse circuitry for 3D ultrasound imaging systems. The proposed LNA is composed of a differential common source amplifier and a source-follower driver which share the current without using inductors. The LNA was fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS process with only 0.0056mm2. The measured results show a gain of 21dB and a bandwidth of 9MHz. The proposed LNA achieves an average noise density of 11.3nV/√Hz, and the 2nd harmonic distortion below -40dBc with 0.1-Vpp input. The supply current is 85μA with a 1.8-V power supply, which is competitive with conventional LNAs by finer CMOS process.
Adaptive Air Charge Estimation for Turbocharged Diesel Engines Without Exhaust Gas Recirculation (2004)

The paper presents an adaptive observer for in-cylinder air charge estimation for turbocharged diesel engines without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). We assess the observability of the mean value engine model when the intake manifold pressure and the compressor flow are measured, and the performance of the observer is compared to existing schemes analytically and with limited simulations. Specifically, it is shown that the designed observer performs better than the conventional schemes during fast step changes in engine fueling level, eventhough it uses a simple but time varying parameterization of the volumetric efficiency. Furthermore, the estimate is less sensitive to changes in engine parameters than the existing schemes.
Supplementary Figure Legend and Tables 2 - 3 from Characterization of Torin2, an ATP-Competitive Inhibitor of mTOR, ATM, and ATR (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 69K&lt;/p&gt;
Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio Tracks the Changes in Salt Intake during an Experimental Feeding Study Using Standardized Low-Salt and High-Salt Meals among Healthy Japanese Volunteers (2017)

The Na/K ratio is considered to be a useful index, the monitoring of which allows an effective Na reduction and K increase, because practical methods (self-monitoring devices and reliable individual estimates from spot urine) are available for assessing these levels in individuals. An intervention trial for lowering the Na/K ratio has demonstrated that a reduction of the Na/K ratio mainly involved Na reduction, with only a small change in K. The present study aimed to clarify the relationship between dietary Na intake and the urinary Na/K molar ratio, using standardized low- and high-salt diets, with an equal dietary K intake, to determine the corresponding Na/K ratio. Fourteen healthy young adult volunteers ingested low-salt (3 g salt per day) and high-salt (20 g salt per day) meals for seven days each. Using a portable urinary Na/K meter, participants measured their spot urine at each voiding, and 24-h urine was collected on the last day of each diet period. On the last day of the unrestricted, low-salt, and high-salt diet periods, the group averages of the 24-h urine Na/K ratio were 4.2, 1.0, and 6.9, while the group averages of the daily mean spot urine Na/K ratio were 4.2, 1.1, and 6.6, respectively. The urinary Na/K ratio tracked changes in dietary salt intake, and reached a plateau approximately three days after each change in diet. Frequent monitoring of the spot urine Na/K ratio may help individuals adhere to an appropriate dietary Na intake.
Through-Silicon Vias: Drivers, Performance, and Innovations (2016)

To address the abating performance improvements from device scaling, innovative 2.5-D and 3-D integrated circuits with vertical interconnects called through-silicon vias (TSVs) have been widely explored. This paper reviews TSVs with focus on the following: 1) key drivers for TSV-based integration; 2) TSV fabrication techniques; 3) TSV electrical and thermomechanical performance fundamentals and characterization techniques; and 4) novel technologies to attain enhanced performance beyond the state-of-the-art TSVs.
Ylide mediated polymerization of methacrylates and acrylates in the presence of tetraphenylphosphonium cation 3 (1998)

Abstract Triphenylmethide tetraphenylphosphonium (TPM, TPP) or methylisobutyrate tetraphenylphosphonium (MIB, TPP) formed by ion exchange reactions of TPP chloride(TPPCl) with the TPM or MB potassium salts in THF, initiate the living polymerization of MMA producing PMMA's with narrow MW distributions (below 1.3) at ambient temperatures.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Secondary Acyclic Amides: Catalyst Development, Scope, and Computational Study. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Replication history of B lymphocytes reveals homeostatic proliferation and extensive antigen-induced B cell expansion (2007)

The contribution of proliferation to B lymphocyte homeostasis and antigen responses is largely unknown. We quantified the replication history of mouse and human B lymphocyte subsets by calculating the ratio between genomic coding joints and signal joints on kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KREC) of the IGK-deleting rearrangement. This approach was validated with in vitro proliferation studies. We demonstrate that naive mature B lymphocytes, but not transitional B lymphocytes, undergo in vivo homeostatic proliferation in the absence of somatic mutations in the periphery. T cell-dependent B cell proliferation was substantially higher and showed higher frequencies of somatic hypermutation than T cell-independent responses, fitting with the robustness and high affinity of T cell-dependent antibody responses. More extensive proliferation and somatic hypermutation in antigen-experienced B lymphocytes from human adults compared to children indicated consecutive responses upon additional antigen exposures. Our combined observations unravel the contribution of proliferation to both B lymphocyte homeostasis and antigen-induced B cell expansion. We propose an important role for both processes in humoral immunity. These new insights will support the understanding of peripheral B cell regeneration after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or B cell-directed antibody therapy, and the identification of defects in homeostatic or antigen-induced B cell proliferation in patients with common variable immunodeficiency or another antibody deficiency.
Immunologic and virologic evolution during periods of intermittent and persistent low-level viremia (2004)

Antiretroviral-treated individuals with intermittent viremia appear to mount an effective HIV-specific T-cell response while not experiencing increases in the level of immune activation. This may limit viral evolution and emergence of drug resistance. In contrast, antiretroviral-treated individuals with persistent low-level viremia exhibit significant increases in overall immune activation and a substantial risk of subsequent treatment failure. It is likely that higher viremia and stronger immune activation act synergistically to accelerate the development of systemic drug resistance.
Stretch-induced Retinal Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression Is Mediated by Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Protein Kinase C (PKC)-ζ but Not by Stretch-induced ERK1/2, Akt, Ras, or Classical/Novel PKC Pathways (2002)

Stretch-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is thought to be important in mediating the exacerbation of diabetic retinopathy by systemic hypertension. However, the mechanisms underlying stretch-induced VEGF expression are not fully understood. We present novel findings demonstrating that stretch-induced VEGF expression in retinal capillary pericytes is mediated by phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and protein kinase C (PKC)-zeta but is not mediated by ERK1/2, classical/novel isoforms of PKC, Akt, or Ras despite their activation by stretch. Cardiac profile cyclic stretch at 60 cpm increased VEGF mRNA expression in a time- and magnitude-dependent manner without altering mRNA stability. Stretch increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, PI 3-kinase activity, Akt phosphorylation, and PKC-zeta activity. Signaling pathways were explored using inhibitors of PKC, MEK1/2, and PI 3-kinase; adenovirus-mediated overexpression of ERK, PKC-alpha, PKC-delta, PKC-zeta, and Akt; and dominant negative (DN) mutants of ERK, PKC-zeta, Ras, PI 3-kinase and Akt. Although stretch activated ERK1/2 through a Ras- and PKC classical/novel isoform-dependent pathway, these pathways were not responsible for stretch-induced VEGF expression. Overexpression of DN ERK and Ras had no effect on VEGF expression in these cells. In contrast, DN PI 3-kinase as well as pharmacologic inhibitors of PI 3-kinase blocked stretch-induced VEGF expression. Although stretch-induced PI 3-kinase activation increased both Akt phosphorylation and activity of PKC-zeta, VEGF expression was dependent on PKC-zeta but not Akt. In addition, PKC-zeta did not mediate stretch-induced ERK1/2 activation. These results suggest that stretch-induced expression of VEGF involves a novel mechanism dependent upon PI 3-kinase-mediated activation of PKC-zeta that is independent of stretch-induced activation of ERK1/2, classical/novel PKC isoforms, Ras, or Akt. This mechanism may play a role in the well documented association of concomitant hypertension with clinical exacerbation of neovascularization and vascular permeability.
Technology transfer of neuroprosthetic devices. (1996)

Despite long development periods for neuroprosthetic devices, the numbers in clinical use or clinical trials are rising, with an estimated 3,000 systems in use today. As they gain experience with the regulatory approval process, developers are learning to conduct research to best prepare for transfer of technology to industry. The track record of the first motor prosthesis to be approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration contains important lessons for a company planning to undergo the regulatory process. Throughout the development of a neuroprosthesis, the capabilities and preferences of the customers who will use it (physicians, surgeons, therapists, and end-users) should be sought out and used in device design. When a device has reached clinical application, particular attention is needed to maximize both the population who will use it and each individual's degree of use (optimal, partial, reluctant). Identification of person-technology mismatches can help to select training strategies and other interventions that can be applied to ensure a good rehabilitation outcome.
Material Design of Transparent Oxide Semiconductors for Organic Electronics: Why Do Zinc Silicate Thin Films Have Exceptional Properties? (2017)

Abstract Device application of organic electronics demands materials with seemingly incompatible properties. A material with a low work function, high mobility, high visible transparency, and chemical stability for electron injection/transport of organic light‐emitting diodes is required. Typical n‐type organic semiconductor materials with a low work function do not satisfy the requirements for high mobility, transparency, and chemical stability. In contrast, conventional transparent oxide semiconductors do not meet the criterion of low work function. A zinc silicate thin film has a low work function (≈3.5 eV); it also satisfies the other requirements. The present paper elucidates the reasons for such exceptional properties. It is revealed that the zinc silicate thin films comprise ZnO nanocrystals, each of which is optically separated by an extremely thin amorphous ZnO–SiO 2 layer. Such a unique nanostructure gives rise to the quantum‐size effect of ZnO nanocrystals, leading to low work functions and hopping conduction; this enables it to meet the criterion for a low work function and also enables relatively higher mobility (0.3–1.0 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ) than those of the n‐type organic semiconductors. Based on these findings, a material design idea is proposed to realize incompatible properties even using compositions of naturally abundant constituents.
Abstract 2322: Validity of the NINDS-CSN VCI Neuropsychological Protocols is Supported in a Sample of Ischemic Stroke Patients (2012)

Introduction: The NINDS and the Canadian Stroke Network co-sponsored a 2005 meeting to harmonize data collection methods for patients with suspected vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). At this meeting, the neuropsychology group proposed 60 Minute (60M), 30 Minute (30M) and 5 Minute (5M) neuropsychological protocols. This study tests the validity of the protocols by comparing protocol performance of an ischemic stroke patient sample to matched controls. Hypotheses: 1. The 60M, 30M and 5M protocol scores will be more impaired in the ischemic stroke group than the matched controls; 2. The 60M Executive subscale score will be a more sensitive and specific factor in differentiating the two groups than the 60M Memory, Language and Spatial subscale scores, as measured by ROC area under the curve scores; and 3. The 60M protocols will be inversely related to ADL function, as measured by the Functional Rating Scale (FRS) and the Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD) Methods: 1. ANCOVA and ROC analyses are used to compare 46 ischemic stroke patients (mean age: 66.4 (12.8), 62% male, 14.4 (3.0) years of education, 60% LH strokes, mean Rankin score: 2.14 (0.69), mean MMSE score: 27.2 (2.9)) with 76 controls of similar age, gender ratio, education, and Barona (estimate of premorbid IQ) score on the 60M, 30M and 5M protocols. Because patients reported more CESD-depression symptoms than controls (12.33 vs. 7.3, p &lt; .01), it is entered as a covariate. 2. 60M protocol scores are entered for correlation with FRS and DAD scores Results: 1. All three protocol scores are significantly lower in patients than in matched controls (F statistics range from 15.7 to 50.5; all p values &lt; .000; partial eta2 values range from .14 to .31). 2. ROC analyses show the 60M Executive subtest to be the most sensitive and specific, followed by the Memory, Language, and Spatial subtests (AUC values: .86, .75, .70, .67, respectively). 3. The 60M protocol score correlates with DAD Total (p &lt; .05) and DAD IADL (p &lt; .01) scores and is inversely correlated with FRS Total (p &lt; .05) score 4. Domain specific cognitive and functional score relationships are noted between 60M Executive score and FRS Problem Solving rating score (p &lt; .05), and between 60M Memory and FRS Memory rating score (p &lt; .05). The correlation between 60M Language and FRS Language rating is not significant. Conclusions: 1. The validity of the VCI Harmonization protocols is supported by their ability to differentiate an ischemic stroke group from a matched normal control group. 2. The 60M Executive subscale shows higher sensitivity and specificity than the Memory, Language and Spatial subscales, which supports the important role of executive function in VCI and further validates the scale 3. The 60M scale and its Executive and Memory subscales relate to functional disability in a post-ischemic stroke sample, further supporting the validity of these scales.
Emission characteristics of 0.7” monochrome MOSFET‐controlled field emission displays in a high vacuum chamber (2001)

Abstract MCFEDs (MOSFET‐Contoolled Field Emission Displays) were fabricated to evaluate the validity of MCFEA for display application. The electrical properties of FEAs (Field Emitter Arrays), HVMOSFETs (High‐Voltage MOSFETs), and MCFEAs (MOSFET‐Controlled Field Emitter Arrays) were measured. The extraction gate voltage of the FEAs to obtain the anode current of 10 nA/tip was around 71 V. The breakdown voltages of the HVMOSFETs were above 81 V for all the samples. The I‐V characteristics of the MCFEAs showed that the emission currents of the FEAs were well controlled depending on the control gate voltages of the HVMOSFETs. To avoid the harmful effects during the packaging process, the performance of the MCFEDs was evaluated in a high vacuum chamber. The emission images of the MCFEDs were controlled through very‐through operation. From the comparison with a conventional FED, it was proven that the poor uniformity of FED could be improved through the integration with HVMOSFET.
O3‐02–06: Elevated cerebrospinal fluid BACE1 activity in incipient Alzheimer's disease (2008)

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) involves increased amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the brain. Here, we test the hypothesis that elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) activity may reflect this process. CSF BACE1 activity was evaluated in relation to CSF levels of secreted APP and amyloid-β (Aβ) isoforms and the axonal degeneration marker tau in 87 subjects with probable AD, 32 non-demented controls and 113 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), who were followed for 3–6 years. AD patients had higher CSF BACE1 activity (median [range] 30 [11–96] pM) than controls (23 [8.3–43] pM, P = .022). MCI patients who progressed to AD during follow-up had higher baseline BACE1 activity (35 [18–71] pM) than MCI patients who remained stable (29 [14–83] pM, P < .001) and MCI patients who developed other forms of dementia (20 [9.8–56] pM, P = .001). BACE1 activity correlated positively with CSF levels of secreted APP isoforms and Aβ40 in the AD and control groups and in all MCI subgroups (P < .05), except for the MCI group that developed AD. In contrast, there was no correlation between BACE1 and Aβ42 in any of the groups. Positive correlations were found between CSF BACE1 activity and tau levels in all groups (r ≥ 0.6, P ≤ .009). Elevated BACE1 activity may contribute to the amyloidogenic process in sporadic AD and is associated with the intensity of axonal degeneration.
Kinetics of intermolecular and intramolecular electron transfer from ruthenium(II) complexes to ferricytochrome c (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of intermolecular and intramolecular electron transfer from ruthenium(II) complexes to ferricytochrome cDaniel G. Nocera, Jay R. Winkler, Kathryn M. Yocom, Emilio Bordignon, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 18, 5145–5150Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00330a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00330a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views501Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experimental Models of Superantigen-Mediated Neuropathology (2014)

There have been different attempts with superantigen to modify experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is taken as an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is not simply an inflammatory disease like EAE. It is well established that in MS chronic degeneration runs in parallel to outbreaks of inflammation. The portions of inflammation and degeneration may vary so that different types of disease course can be distinguished. Recent studies indicate that the degenerative process MS is not always secondary to but may also precede neuroinflammation. The chapter presents experiments which demonstrate that superantigen expressed in the brain or spinal cord is capable of inducing neuroinflammation as in MS. Horizontal sections of the cerebral hemispheres at the corpus callosum and at the level of the lateral ventricles were stained with hematoxylin/eosin. It is well known that relapsing-remitting MS patients with frequent relapses progress faster than patients with less frequent relapses. HLA associations identified in patients with a relapsing-remitting course of MS may be due to major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-specific binding properties of T-cell superantigens. Different so-called autoimmune diseases involve nerves or muscles. Pathogens like bacteria or viruses are involved in part of them. Although it is likely that true autoimmune phenomena following molecular mimicry are of pathogenetic relevance in some of these diseases, it seems possible that superantigens are involved in parallel or alone in a subgroup of patients with autoimmune neuritis or myositis.
Aclarubicin: experimental and clinical experience. (1985)

Aclarubicin, discovered by Umezawa in 1975, is a new cytostatic anthracycline antibiotic. It is one of the anthracyclines with the lowest cardiotoxicity, it is not mutagenic and it stimulates differentiation of tumour cells. The therapeutic index of aclarubicin (efficacy related to toxicity) is higher than that of doxorubicin and daunorubicin, using a proper dose schedule. Single dose therapy of aclarubicin shows only marginal efficacy, whereas multiple divided dose therapy exhibits efficacy comparable to that of doxorubicin and daunorubicin. Thus for clinical trials two dose schedules were designed: 25 mg/m2/day, days 1-7 for acute leukaemia; and 30 mg/m2/day, days 1-4 for solid tumours. Aclarubicin was shown to be highly active in acute leukaemia with 58% complete remissions in first relapse of AML. Good results were also seen in acute leukaemia in combination with cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine. In clinical trials with breast cancer and thyroid cancer the efficacy was in the same range as would be expected for doxorubicin, but side-effects were markedly reduced. Anorexia, mild nausea and infrequent vomiting were observed. Myelosuppression was common but dose reduction was not necessary. There was no alopecia and no congestive heart failure.