gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FFAR1 Agonism Restores Insulin Secretion in Rodents, Human Islets, and Diabetic Monkeys (2018)

The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) mediates fatty acid-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Numerous ligands have been investigated for their antidiabetic actions. The most advanced, fasiglifam (TAK-875), is a site 1 binding agonist that stimulates IPone and improves glycemic control in diabetic patients via glucose-dependent insulin secretion (GSIS). Recently, FFAR1 agonists were discovered that bind to site 3, stimulate IPone and cAMP and result in both insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. We hypothesized that this novel pharmacology would lead to superior glucose lowering relative to fasiglifam in diabetic monkeys. A selective FFAR1 agonist (CpdA) was discovered that activates rodent, cynomolgus and human FFAR1 receptors in vitro, triggering similar IPone and cAMP production. Incubation with CpdA but not fasiglifam restored insulin secretion in human islets from diabetic donors. Cpd A stimulates GLP-1 secretion in wild type but not GPR40 knockout mice, additionaly, as well as stimulates insulin secretion in ZDF rats. The ability of CpdA to control blood glucose was evaluated in diabetic cynomolgus monkeys during an oral glucose tolerance test after a single dose and repeated dosing for 7 days. Notably, the restoration of insulin secretion elicited by CpdA in diabetic human islets was recapitulated in vivo in diabetic monkeys and resulted in superior acute and chronic improvement in glucose tolerance relative to fasiglifam. In conclusion, administration of CpdA restores insulin secretion and produces robust improvement in glucose metabolism in diabetic rodents and monkeys. Thus, FFAR1 agonists represent a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes. Disclosure J. Liu: None. S.P. Lee: Employee; Self; Janssen Research &amp; Development. T. Martin: Employee; Self; Janssen Research &amp; Development. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Janssen Research &amp; Development. B. Rady: Employee; Self; Janssen Research &amp; Development. S. Meegalla: None. H. Huang: None. M.P. Winters: None. L.D. Norquay: Employee; Self; Janssen Research &amp; Development. J. Qi: None. F. Du: None. A.R. Nawrocki: Employee; Self; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. M. Player: None. A. Pocai: None.
Tack coats performance - towards a design method? (2008)

Whatever the cause, it is agreed that a lack of bond dramatically lowers the durability of the whole pavement. Three innovative experimental tools were developed to study the mechanical performances of interfaces. The first one is a test dedicated to the assessment of in situ shear resistance of tack coats. The second one is a simple torque loading test performed in laboratory on core samples at controlled speed and temperature. The third one is the direct double shear test. This last test is suitable for fatigue study of interfaces at controlled frequency and temperature. The results of peripatetic tests are discussed. A fatigue study of tack coats showed that interface fatigue behaviour is very similar to bituminous mixture fatigue behaviour. A fatigue law for interfaces is finally determined and implemented using finite element modelling to open discussion about the durability of the interface under traffic conditions. For the covering abstract see ITRD E157233
An Approach for the Real-Time Quantification of Cytosolic Protein-Protein Interactions in Living Cells (2021)

In recent years, cell-based assays have been frequently used in molecular interaction analysis. Cell-based assays complement traditional biochemical and biophysical methods, as they allow for molecular interaction analysis, mode of action studies, and even drug screening processes to be performed under physiologically relevant conditions. In most cellular assays, biomolecules are usually labeled to achieve specificity. In order to overcome some of the drawbacks associated with label-based assays, we have recently introduced "cell-based molography" as a biosensor for the analysis of specific molecular interactions involving native membrane receptors in living cells. Here, we expand this assay to cytosolic protein-protein interactions. First, we created a biomimetic membrane receptor by tethering one cytosolic interaction partner to the plasma membrane. The artificial construct is then coherently arranged into a two-dimensional pattern within the cytosol of living cells. Thanks to the molographic sensor, the specific interactions between the coherently arranged protein and its endogenous interaction partners become visible in real time without the use of a fluorescent label. This method turns out to be an important extension of cell-based molography because it expands the range of interactions that can be analyzed by molography to those in the cytosol of living cells.
Discovery of N-Aryl Piperazines as Selective mGluR5 Potentiators with Improved In Vivo Utility (2010)

This Letter describes the discovery, SAR and in vitro and in vivo pharmacological profile of a novel non-MPEP derived mGlu(5) positive allosteric modulator (PAM) based upon an N-aryl piperazine chemotype. This mGlu(5) chemotype exhibits the ability to act as either a non-competitive antagonist/negative allosteric modulator (NAM) or potentiator of the glutamate response depending on the identity of the amide substituent, i.e., a 'molecular switch'. A rapidly optimized PAM, 10e (VU0364289), was shown to be potent and specific for the rat mGlu(5) receptor and subsequently demonstrated to be efficacious in a clinically relevant rodent model predictive of anti-psychotic activity, thus providing the first example of a centrally active mGluR(5) PAM optimized from an HTS-derived mGluR5 competitive antagonist.
Enhanced superconductivity of fullerenes (2023)

Methods for enhancing characteristics of superconductive fullerenes and devices incorporating the fullerenes are disclosed. Enhancements can include increase in the critical transition temperature at a constant magnetic field; the existence of a superconducting hysteresis over a changing magnetic field; a decrease in the stabilizing magnetic field required for the onset of superconductivity; and/or an increase in the stability of superconductivity over a large magnetic field. The enhancements can be brought about by transmitting electromagnetic radiation to the superconductive fullerene such that the electromagnetic radiation impinges on the fullerene with an energy that is greater than the band gap of the fullerene.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Cytotoxic L‐Rhamnose Analogue of the Antitumor Agent Spicamycin. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improved Measurement of the Angular Power Spectrum of Temperature Anisotropy in the CMB from Two New Analyses of BOOMERANG Observations (2002)

We report the most complete analysis to date of observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) obtained during the 1998 flight of BOOMERANG. We use two quite different methods to determine the angular power spectrum of the CMB in 20 bands centered at l = 50 to 1000, applying them to 50% more data than has previously been analyzed. The power spectra produced by the two methods are in good agreement with each other, and constitute the most sensitive measurements to date over the range 300 &lt; l &lt; 1000. The increased precision of the power spectrum yields more precise determinations of several cosmological parameters than previous analyses of BOOMERANG data. The results continue to support an inflationary paradigm for the origin of the universe, being well fit by a 13.5 Gyr old, flat universe composed of approximately 5% baryonic matter, 30% cold dark matter, and 65% dark energy, with a scale invariant initial density perturbations.
Charge Localization During Program and Retention in NROM-like Nonvolatile Memory Devices. (2009)

International audience
Structure and bonding of bi-sr-ca-cu-o crystal by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1988)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was performed on high-${T}_{c}$ superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O single crystals with ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}80$ K. The core-level electron spectra of Sr, Ca, and Bi show the possibility of exchanging their lattice sites in the crystal. On the other hand, the core-level electron spectrum of Cu indicates a unique lattice site in the crystal. These features are consistent with the structure model for the crystal with formula unit ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{(\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r},\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a})}_{3}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{y}$. We can readily determine the distribution of Sr, Ca, and Bi in the cation sites by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in contrast to x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
Polarisation Dynamics of Vector Soliton Molecules in Mode Locked Fibre Laser (2013)

Two fundamental laser physics phenomena--dissipative soliton and polarisation of light are recently merged to the concept of vector dissipative soliton (VDS), viz. train of short pulses with specific state of polarisation (SOP) and shape defined by an interplay between anisotropy, gain/loss, dispersion, and nonlinearity. Emergence of VDSs is both of the fundamental scientific interest and is also a promising technique for control of dynamic SOPs important for numerous applications from nano-optics to high capacity fibre optic communications. Using specially designed and developed fast polarimeter, we present here the first experimental results on SOP evolution of vector soliton molecules with periodic polarisation switching between two and three SOPs and superposition of polarisation switching with SOP precessing. The underlying physics presents an interplay between linear and circular birefringence of a laser cavity along with light induced anisotropy caused by polarisation hole burning.
The outcome of sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer patients with preoperative surgical biopsy (2009)

SNB seems a feasible axillary staging method in patients with histological stage T1 tumour also after preoperative SB. The risk of axillary recurrence after negative SNB is negligible in these patients.
Unique Self-Aligning Jetting Tool Provides Better Acid Stimulation and Better Production Results (2011)

Abstract Acid stimulation for damage removal is performed when a well is expected to produce satisfactorily when the skin is approximately equal to one. Blindly flowing acid into the well is the easiest thing to do and is commonly performed when the exposure length of the well is relatively short (commonly done in vertical wells). However, as wellbore lengths become longer, this approach is not preferred because it can create massive enlargements to sections near the top of the formation and complications could occur, ranging from re-entry issues and lack of treatment coverage to wellbore collapse. Tubing-conveyed acid, mostly by coiled tubing (CT), would be the logical choice for acid placement because it evenly spreads the acid throughout the wellbore. Spotting acid throughout a long wellbore has been widely accepted as a viable solution for cleaning the surface of the wellbore. Using CT, acid washing is another common process that can improve stimulation without much additional expense. Using a jetting tool with many jets, acid can be sprayed onto the wellbore wall, and the active agitation caused by this acid-wash process increases the chemical reactivity of the acid at the desired locations. This paper discusses the implementation of an improvement to the process that uses specialized jetting mechanisms which position the jets closer to the target. This process also uses higher horsepower to provide higher jet-impact pressure onto the wellbore wall. This improvement provides several benefits, including effectively penetrating natural fractures and opening them while stimulating them. Moreover, at certain locations, larger fractures can also be created, which can result in even better production. Actual results of such stimulations are presented.
Surface Acoustic Wave Characteristics on ZnO/\mbYZ·LiNbO 3 Structure and Their Application to Elastic Convolver (1995)

In an effort to improve the efficiency of an elastic convolver, we discussed ways to increase the electromechanical coupling factor of the LiNbO 3 (LN) substrate. We examined, both theoretically and experimentally, the surface acoustic wave (SAW) characteristics of ZnO films formed on the + Y · and - Y ·planes of the Y Z ·LN substrates. As a result, it was clear that a larger electromechanical coupling factor, k s , can be obtained with a ZnO film on the + Y ·plane than on the - Y ·plane of Y Z ·LN substrates. The maximum value of the coupling factor obtained was 0.32, which was 2.04 times the square ( k s 2 ) of the value obtained without the ZnO film. By applying the LN substrate with the ZnO film on its + Y ·plane to the elastic convolver, we obtained a processing time of 7.6 µs, a 3 dB bandwidth of 44 MHz and an efficiency of -58 dBm.
A Passive and Remote Heat Transfer Solution for Avionics Thermal Management (2016)

A heat pipe utilizes liquid–vapor phase change mechanism to efficiently transfer heat. Among different heat pipes, loop heat pipe (LHP) and pulsating heat pipe (PHP) are known to be capable of high heat flux/high load heat transfer. In this article, LHP and PHP heat transfer systems are combined to achieve passive, reliable, and remote/long-distance heat transfer for thermal management of modern avionics systems. Aiming at this goal, a 2 m long LHP is developed to transport heat from the avionics chassis to the remote heat rejection site. To reduce inner saturation pressure and ensure structural safety at high operating temperature, water is used as the operating fluid in LHP. Within the avionics chassis, conduction heat transfer is enhanced by sandwiching a PHP with two printed circuit boards (PCBs) and solder-bonding them. Each PHP/PCB assembly is 20 cm long and 12.5 cm wide, with electrical heaters mounted on both sides to mimic electronic heat dissipation. Heat transfer demonstration of the LHP and PHP combo system is conducted in a lab environment with input power varying from 100 to 400 W. For all the three PHP/PCB assemblies set in the avionic chassis, heat source temperature is maintained below the required 150 °C even when heat dissipation is twice as high as the state-of-the-art (and coolant temperature is 50 °C). This combo heat transfer system reduces power consumption and increases reliability, enabling the avionic system operation in harsh environments.
Second Moment Closure Modeling and Direct Numerical Simulation of Stratified Shear Layers (2022)

Abstract Buoyant shear layers encountered in many engineering and environmental applications have been studied by researchers for decades. Often, these flows have high Reynolds and Richardson numbers, which leads to significant/intractable space–time resolution requirements for direct numerical simulation (DNS) or large eddy simulation (LES). On the other hand, many of the important physical mechanisms, such as stress anisotropy, wake stabilization, and regime transition, inherently render eddy viscosity-based Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) modeling inappropriate. Accordingly, we pursue second-moment closure (SMC), i.e., full Reynolds stress/flux/variance modeling, for moderate Reynolds number nonstratified, and stratified shear layers for which DNS is possible. A range of submodel complexity is pursued for the diffusion of stresses, density fluxes and variance, pressure strain and scrambling, and dissipation. These submodels are evaluated in terms of how well they are represented by DNS in comparison to the exact Reynolds-averaged terms, and how well they impact the accuracy of full RANS closure. For the nonstratified case, SMC model predicts the shear layer growth rate and Reynolds shear stress profiles accurately. Stress anisotropy and budgets are captured only qualitatively. Comparing DNS of exact and modeled terms, inconsistencies in model performance and assumptions are observed, including inaccurate prediction of individual statistics, non-negligible pressure diffusion, and dissipation anisotropy. For the stratified case, shear layer and gradient Richardson number growth rates, and stress, flux and variance decay rates, are captured with less accuracy than corresponding flow parameters in the nonstratified case. These studies lead to several recommendations for model improvement.
Physics of perpendicular recording: effects of magnetic charge distribution (2003)

Summary form only given. The nature of the stray and demagnetizing field in perpendicular media is drastically different from what is observed in conventional longitudinal recording. In contrast to longitudinal recording, in perpendicular recording the magnetic "charges," which are the effective sources of the demagnetization and stray fields, are concentrated not at the transitions but at the top and effective bottom surfaces of the recording layer (RL). Based on analytical calculations and 3D-boundary element modeling a detailed analysis of the stray and demagnetization fields for perpendicular RL as functions of the areal bit density, the bit-aspect-ratio (BAR), linear and track densities, and the RL thickness is presented. The observed dependencies are contrasted to dependencies observed in longitudinal recording.
Fiber Nonlinearity Tolerance of Traceback Equalization for Non-Uniformly Distorted QAM Signals (2015)

We investigate fiber nonlinearity tolerance of traceback equalization (TBE) for mitigating non-uniform distortion caused by unbalance of modulation electrodes in QAM transmitters. TBE outperforms conventional FIR-based adaptive equalizers in an adequately linear transmission regime.
Mask error tensor and causality of mask error enhancement for low-k 1 imaging: theory and experiments (2002)

Three important concepts about the mask error enhancement factor (MEEF) are proposed in this paper. From the fundamental assumption, the MEEF is derived to be a function of the image log slope and the aerial image variation caused by mask making error. Secondly, a mask error common window indicator (MECWIN) is proposed to evaluate the MEEF and mask CD specification by knowing the wafer CD tolerance. This concept is used to define the mask CD specification without any ambiguity. Finally, we describe the complex two-dimensional response to the mask making error around the line-end by a mask error enhancement tensor. Both theoretical derivations and experiments to justify the theory are presented in this paper.
Deubiquitinase Inhibitors: An Emerging Therapeutic Class (2020)

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) control the removal of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins from cellular proteins. There are approximately 100 DUBs in the human genome, and they regulate diverse biochemical, cellular and physiological processes. Notably, they are known to control many pathways which are misregulated and affected in human diseases, such as cancer, immunology and neurodegeneration. Due to the broad scope of DUB biology, they are emerging as a target class for inhibitor development. In this chapter, we will describe the promise of targeting DUB in different disease contexts, describe practices for identifying and validating small-molecule inhibitors and physiologically relevant substrates of DUBs and review recent examples of well-characterized DUB inhibitors. These advances underscore the excitement and potential in targeting DUBs for both therapeutic and research purposes.
Advances in Additive Manufacturing (2024)

<b>This volume focuses on the fundamentals of additive manufacturing and its components, explains why and what we do, outlines what is crucial to the user, offers details on important applications such as in the aerospace, automotive, or medical areas, and the difficult certification process.</b> This book explores the advancements in additive manufacturing which produces solid, free-form, nearly net-shaped objects. This refers to items that are easy to use, out-of-the-box, and not bound by the design constraints of modern manufacturing techniques. AM expands the definition of 3D printing to encompass a variety of procedures that begin with a three-dimensional computer model, incorporate an AM production procedure, and result in a useful product. The AM process can be confusing due to the rapid rise of competing techniques for fabricating 3D parts. This volume provides a thorough review of the basic components and procedures involved in additive manufacturing. It outlines a road map for where to begin, what to study, how everything goes together, and how AM might enable ideas outside traditional processing to realize those ideas in AM. Furthermore, this book investigates the benefits of AM including affordable access to 3D solid modeling software. With this software, learning is achieved without having to invest in costly industrial equipment. AM encompasses a variety of techniques, including those that use high-intensity beams to fuse powder or wire, and hybrid techniques that combine additive and subtractive manufacturing techniques. AM-related processes have developed at breakneck speed, giving rise to a deluge of acronyms and terminology, not to mention the emergence, acquisition, and demise of new businesses. By combining ideas and aspirations, better methods will be revealed that result in useful products that will serve and contribute to a lasting future. Although expensive commercial additive manufacturing equipment can cost hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars, a lack of access to equipment does not preclude the study of the technology. 3D printing services will undoubtedly become more reasonable for small- and medium-sized organizations as their prices decline. Hybrid 3D plastic printing technologies and low-cost hobbyist 3D weld deposition systems are already in development which will make the best 3D printers accessible and affordable. This book will assist the reader in determining what is required to begin, which software, supplies, and procedures best suit, and where to obtain additional information. <b>Audience</b> The book will be used by engineers and R&D researchers involved in advanced additive manufacturing technology, postgraduate students in various disciplines such as mechanical, manufacturing, biomedical, and industrial engineering, etc. It will also serve as a reference manual for manufacturing and materials engineers involved in additive manufacturing and product development.
Dimensioning V2N Services in 5G Networks Through Forecast-Based Scaling (2022)

With the increasing adoption of intelligent transportation systems and the upcoming era of autonomous vehicles, vehicular services (such as remote driving, cooperative awareness, and hazard warning) will have to operate in an ever-changing and dynamic environment. Anticipating the dynamics of traffic flows on the roads is critical for these services and, therefore, it is of paramount importance to forecast how they will evolve over time. By predicting future events (such as traffic jams) and demands, vehicular services can take proactive actions to minimize Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations and reduce the risk of accidents. In this paper, we compare several techniques, including both traditional time-series and recent Machine Learning (ML)-based approaches, to forecast the traffic flow at different road segments in the city of Torino (Italy). Using the most accurate forecasting technique, we propose n-max algorithm as a forecast-based scaling algorithm for vertical scaling of edge resources, comparing its benefits against state-of-the-art solutions for three distinct Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) services. Results show that the proposed scaling algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art, reducing Service Level Objective (SLO) violations for remote driving and hazard warning services.