gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How effective is LENA in detecting speech vocalizations and language produced by children and adolescents with ASD in different contexts? (2019)

The LENA system was designed and validated to provide information about the language environment in children 0 to 4 years of age and its use has been expanded to populations with a number of communication profiles. Its utility in children 5 years of age and older is not yet known. The present study used acoustic data from two samples of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to evaluate the reliability of LENA automated analyses for detecting speech utterances in older, school age children, and adolescents with ASD, in clinic and home environments. Participants between 5 and 18 years old who were minimally verbal (study 1) or had a range of verbal abilities (study 2) completed standardized assessments in the clinic (study 1 and 2) and in the home (study 2) while speech was recorded from a LENA device. We compared LENA segment labels with manual ground truth coding by human transcribers using two different methods. We found that the automated LENA algorithms were not successful (<50% reliable) in detecting vocalizations from older children and adolescents with ASD, and that the proportion of speaker misclassifications by the automated system increased significantly with the target-child's age. The findings in children and adolescents with ASD suggest possibly misleading results when expanding the use of LENA beyond the age ranges for which it was developed and highlight the need to develop novel automated methods that are more appropriate for older children. Autism Research 2019, 12: 628-635. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Current commercially available speech detection algorithms (LENA system) were previously validated in toddlers and children up to 48 months of age, and it is not known whether they are reliable in older children and adolescents. Our data suggest that LENA does not adequately capture speech in school age children and adolescents with autism and highlights the need to develop new automated methods for older children.
Deferiprone iron chelation as a novel therapy for experimental mucormycosis (2006)

Iron chelation is a promising, novel therapeutic strategy for refractory mucormycosis infections. Further studies are warranted to evaluate combination antifungal/iron chelation therapy and to evaluate the efficacy of other iron-chelating agents.
Edge-Caching Wireless Networks: Performance Analysis and Optimization (2018)

Edge-caching has received much attention as an efficient technique to reduce delivery latency and network congestion during peak-traffic times by bringing data closer to end users. Existing works usually design caching algorithms separately from physical layer design. In this paper, we analyze edge-caching wireless networks by taking into account the caching capability when designing the signal transmission. Particularly, we investigate multi-layer caching where both base station (BS) and users are capable of storing content data in their local cache and analyze the performance of edge-caching wireless networks under two notable uncoded and coded caching strategies. First, we calculate backhaul and access throughputs of the two caching strategies for arbitrary values of cache size. The required backhaul and access throughputs are derived as a function of the BS and user cache sizes. Second, closed-form expressions for the system energy efficiency (EE) corresponding to the two caching methods are derived. Based on the derived formulas, the system EE is maximized via precoding vectors design and optimization while satisfying a predefined user request rate. Third, two optimization problems are proposed to minimize the content delivery time for the two caching strategies. Finally, numerical results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the two caching methods.
Can Short-Term Ocular Dominance Plasticity Provide a General Index to Visual Plasticity to Personalize Treatment in Amblyopia? (2020)

The short-term changes in perceptual eye dominance as a result of short-term monocular deprivation do not provide an index of cortical plasticity in the general sense such that they are able to predict acuity outcomes from longer-term classical patching.
Conversion of Methanol to Olefins over Modified OSDA-Free CHA Zeolite Catalyst (2021)

Methanol to olefins (MTO) is an essential process that produces olefins from both renewable and fossil fuels resources. Chabazite (CHA) is an efficient catalyst for MTO process due to its distinct properties that promote light olefins (i.e., ethylene and propylene) production. Herein, we report a series of chabazite-based catalysts (OSDA-free with enhanced textural properties) that facilitate the MTO reaction. The synthesized CHA was modified by steam injection (CHA-S), acid treatment (CHA-A), steam and acid treatment (CHA-SA), and metal incorporation (CHA-SA (Mg), CHA-SA (Ca), and CHA-SA (Ba)). The catalysts were characterized by several characterization techniques. The structure was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance, while the morphology and physical properties were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), N2 adsorption/desorption, and ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD). The catalysts were evaluated at 450 °C until deactivation. CHA modified by only acid treatment showed higher selectivity to olefins from ca. 92 to 95 wt.% but suffered quick deactivation. CHA modified with both steam and then acid treatment was more stable in the MTO process.
Participation of BTK in MYD88 signaling in malignant cells expressing the L265P mutation in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, and effect on tumor cells with BTK-inhibitor PCI-32765 in combination with MYD88 pathway inhibitors. (2012)

8106 Background: Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) promotes B-cell receptor signaling along with B-cell expansion and survival through NF-κB and MAPK. MYD88 L265P is a widely expressed somatic mutation in tumor cells from WM patients. MYD88 L265P promotes enhanced tumor cell survival through IRAK 1/4 mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling. We therefore sought to clarify the role of BTK signaling in MYD88 L265P expressing WM cells, and the impact of BTK and MYD88/IRAK inhibition on WM cell signaling and survival. Methods: Western blot analysis was performed using total and phospho-specific BTK antibodies in MYD88 L265P expressing primary WM patient cells, BCWM.1 and MCWL-1 WM cell lines following MYD88 knockdown by lentiviral transduction, and/or use of MYD88 or IRAK signal inhibitors. Cells were also treated with the BTK inhibitor PCI-32765, in the presence or absence of MYD88 homodimerization or IRAK1/4 inhibitors. Annexin V / PI staining was used to assess cell survival, and synergism assessed with CalcuSyn software. Results: BTK was phosphorylated in MYD88 L265P expressing WM cells. Knockdown of MYD88 by lentiviral transduction, and/or use of MYD88 or IRAK 1/4 kinase inhibitors led to decreased BTK phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of BTK, TIRAP, a major TLR adapter protein for MYD88 signaling, IRAK1, IKBα, ERK1/2 and STAT3 were significantly reduced following treatment with PCI-32765. Treatment with PCI-32765 also induced apoptosis of MYD88 L265P expressing WM cells, and showed synergistic tumor cell killing in the presence of either MYD88 homodimerization or IRAK 1/4 kinase inhibitors. Conclusions: BTK activation is facilitated by MYD88 pathway signaling in L265P expressing WM cells, and participates in MYD88 downstream signaling. Inhibition of BTK by PCI-327625 led to robust tumor cell killing of MYD88 L265P expressing WM,cells, which was potentiated by MYD88 pathway inhibitors. These studies provide the framework for the investigation of BTK inhibitors in WM, as single agents and in combination with MYD88 pathway inhibitors.
Accessory Iliac Vein (2010)

Anatomical variations in the iliocaval venous drainage system are fairly frequent but easy to analyze by CT. Even if they have no functional impact, they must be analyzed and described because they can be of great interest in the preoperative workup for retroperitoneal lumbar surgery.
Supplementary Figure 3 from An <i>In Vivo</i> Immunotherapy Screen of Costimulatory Molecules Identifies Fc-OX40L as a Potent Reagent for the Treatment of Established Murine Gliomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 239K, The components of the vaccine/Fc-OX40L treatment were broken down to determine which components were necessary for maximal effect.&lt;/p&gt;
1.3 μm quantum dot lasers with single and stacked active layers (2003)

Long wavelength GaAs-based quantum dot lasers have been shown to have attractive characteristics including improved electronic confinement and low threshold at room temperature. However, nonradiative recombination and saturation of the ground state gain at low current density have limited performance. Stacking of multiple active layers has been successfully applied to QD lasers emitting in the 1.0 /spl mu/m wavelength range to improve the ground state lasing performance, and recently used to obtain continuous wave (CW) operation in 1.3 /spl mu/m QD lasers. More recently continuous wave operation has also been obtained with single 1.3 /spl mu/m QD layers. In this talk we present the results on the low threshold CW room temperature operation of a single stack 1.3 /spl mu/m QD laser and contrast its behavior with stacked QD lasers. We find that for stacked QD active regions, the layers must be separated by greater than 800 /spl Aring/ to fully recover the luminescence efficiency of a single QD layer. On the other hand, the single stack 1.3 /spl mu/m QD laser exhibits a low CW threshold current of 4.1 mA, and a remarkably low CW threshold current density of 45 A/cm/sup 2/. At cryogenic temperatures broad-area devices operate with a threshold current density of 6 A/cm/sup 2/.
Characteristics and appearance of the normal optic nerve head in 6-year-old children (2011)

The mean vertical cup/disc ratio was 0.4 in this 6-year-old sample. Planimetric optic nerve head measures and population prevalence findings for optic disc signs in this population could be regarded as normative data for ophthalmologists in clinical settings.
trans‐Tetrahydrofurans by OH‐Assisted Ru‐Catalyzed Isomerization of 2‐Butene‐1,4‐diols (2010)

Abstract We herein report a general method for the synthesis of 1,2‐annulated trans ‐tetrahydrofurans by the OH‐assisted Ru‐catalyzed isomerization of ( Z )‐2‐butene‐1,4‐diols (using Chaudret's catalyst), followed by reduction of the incipient lactol (using Et 3 SiH and Amberlyst 15). Alternatively, the lactol can be oxidized to the corresponding lactone (using Ikariya's catalyst). It was shown by labeling experiments that an addition/elimination pathway is (at least to some extent) operative for the isomerization reaction.
RRP22 Is a Farnesylated, Nucleolar, Ras-Related Protein with Tumor Suppressor Potential (2005)

Ras proteins are members of a superfamily of related small GTPases. Some members, such as Ras, are oncogenic. However, other members seem to serve as tumor suppressors, such as Rig and Noey2. We now identify and characterize a novel member of the Ras superfamily, RRP22. Like Ras, RRP22 can be posttranslationally modified by farnesyl. Unlike Ras, RRP22 inhibits cell growth and promotes caspase-independent cell death. Examination of human tumor cells shows that RRP22 is frequently down-regulated due to promoter methylation. Moreover, reexpression of RRP22 in an RRP22-negative neural tumor cell line impairs its growth in soft agar. Unusually for a Ras-related protein, RRP22 localizes to the nucleolus in a GTP-dependent manner, suggesting a novel mechanism of action. Thus, we identify a new member of the Ras superfamily that can serve as a potential tumor suppressor.
Continuous manufacturing – the Green Chemistry promise? (2019)

We review Green Chemistry advances resulting when transitioning to continuous manufacturing with focus on Green Chemistry elements inherent in flow chemistry and related separation processes.
Can SWL-induced cavitation and renal injury be separated from SWL-induced impairment of renal hemodynamics? (1998)

SWL to one kidney causes localized tissue damage and impairment of tubular function, but reduces renal plasma flow (RPF) in both kidneys. We examined the effect of SWL voltage (kV) and inversion of the waveform (IW) on these localized and bilateral effects of SWL. Five-week-old pigs were anesthetized for either sham-SWL or SWL (2000 shocks, unmodified HM3) at 12, 18, or 24 kV or 2000 shocks, 24 kV, with a reflector that inverts the waveform. RPF and tubular extraction of PAH (EPAH) were measured 1 h before and 1 and 4 h after SWL. EPAH estimates tubular secretion function. SWL significantly reduced RPF to similar degrees at each kV. EPAH was not significantly reduced in the 12-kV group, but was reduced to progressively greater degrees in the 18 and 24 kV groups. IW eliminated ultrasonic evidence of cavitation, produced minimal tissue damage, and eliminated the reduction of EPAH. It did not eliminate the reduction of RPF. The data suggest that shock-wave voltage and cavitation may be related to the tissue injury and reduced EPAH induced by SWL, but suggests that neither may be directly related to the impairment of RPF. [Work supported by NIH, PO1 DK43881.]
The NFAT-1 DNA Binding Complex in Activated T Cells Contains Fra-1 and JunB (1993)

Activation of T cells induces transcription of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene. IL-2 expression is regulated through the binding of transcription factors to multiple sites within the IL-2 enhancer. One such cis-acting element within the IL-2 enhancer is the NFAT-1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells) binding site. NFAT-1 binding activity is absent in resting cells but is induced upon T-cell activation. The induction of NFAT-1 binding activity can be inhibited by cyclosporin A, potentially accounting for the ability of cyclosporin A to inhibit IL-2 production by T cells. We have previously reported that the NFAT-1 binding complex is composed of at least two proteins and that the 5' portion of the NFAT-1 sequence acts as a binding site for one or more proteins from the Ets family of transcription factors. We now report that the 3' portion of the NFAT-1 sequence contains a variant AP-1 binding site. NFAT-1 binding can be specifically inhibited by oligonucleotides containing a consensus AP-1 site. Moreover, mutation of the AP-1 site at the 3' end of the NFAT-1 sequence inhibits both NFAT-1 binding and the ability of the NFAT-1 binding site to activate expression from a reporter plasmid upon T-cell activation. Since AP-1 sites bind dimeric protein complexes composed of individual members of the Fos and Jun families of transcription factors, we used antibodies specific for individual Fos and Jun family members to determine whether they are present in the NFAT-1 binding complex. These experiments demonstrated that the NFAT-1 binding complex contains JunB and Fra-1 proteins. Northern (RNA) blot analyses demonstrate that both fra-1 and junB mRNAs are induced upon T-cell activation, although fra-1 mRNA is present even in quiescent T cells. Of interest, junB is not expressed in quiescent T cells, and it is induced with kinetics that are similar to those for the induction of IL-2 mRNA expression. Taken together, these results suggested that the JunB-Fra-1 heterodimer is the inducible nuclear component of the NFAT-1 binding activity and that JunB expression regulates the formation of the heterodimer. In addition, these data indicated that specific heterodimers of Fos and Jun family members may have selective roles in the induction of transcription during cellular activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Anodic Sulfidation of FeS Electrode in a NaCl Saturated AlCl3‐NaCl Melt (1988)

Abstract containing dissolved Al 2 S 3 is studied by cyclic voltammetry, ac impedance and EMF measurements.
The growth of ruby single crystals (2005)

Ruby (Cr:Al2O3) single crystals were grown by the Czochralski technique in an argon atmosphere. The critical crystal diameter dc = 1.0 cm and the critical rate of rotation ?c = 20 rpm were calculated by equations of the hydrodynamics of the melt. The rate of crystal growth was experimentally obtained to be 2.7 mm/h. For chemical polishing, conc. H3PO4 at 593 K for an exposure of 3 hours was determined. Conc. H3PO4 at 523 K for an exposure of 3 h was found to be a suitable etching solution. The lattice parameters a = 0.47627(6) nm and c = 1.301(1) nm were determined by X-ray powder diffraction. The obtained results are discussed and compared with published data.
Interferon-γ–inducing factor (IL-18) and interferon-γ in inflammatory CNS diseases (1999)

The observation of an intrathecal release of IL-18 in patients with meningitis argues for a pathophysiologic role of this novel cytokine in immunity against invading microorganisms the CNS.
Tracheal and lower airway changes in a patient with mucolipidosis type II (2020)

This case describes potentially life-threatening airway distortion in MLII despite HSCT that cannot be ameliorated with tracheostomy. Etiology is unknown but likely due to abnormal deposition causing an immobile, stenotic airway and restricted thorax.
A REDD1/TXNIP pro-oxidant complex regulates ATG4B activity to control stress-induced autophagy and sustain exercise capacity (2015)

Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a critical cellular stress response; however, the signal transduction pathways controlling autophagy induction in response to stress are poorly understood. Here we reveal a new mechanism of autophagy control whose deregulation disrupts mitochondrial integrity and energy homeostasis in vivo. Stress conditions including hypoxia and exercise induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) through upregulation of a protein complex involving REDD1, an mTORC1 inhibitor and the pro-oxidant protein TXNIP. Decreased ROS in cells and tissues lacking either REDD1 or TXNIP increases catalytic activity of the redox-sensitive ATG4B cysteine endopeptidase, leading to enhanced LC3B delipidation and failed autophagy. Conversely, REDD1/TXNIP complex expression is sufficient to induce ROS, suppress ATG4B activity and activate autophagy. In Redd1(-/-) mice, deregulated ATG4B activity and disabled autophagic flux cause accumulation of defective mitochondria, leading to impaired oxidative phosphorylation, muscle ATP depletion and poor exercise capacity. Thus, ROS regulation through REDD1/TXNIP is physiological rheostat controlling stress-induced autophagy.
MXene//MnO2 Asymmetric Supercapacitors with High Voltages and High Energy Densities (2022)

Abstract Invited for this month's cover picture is the work of Prof. Rosen's and Prof. Barsoum's groups at Linköping and Drexel Universities. The cover picture shows two typical cross‐sectional images of TMA + ‐MnO 2 and Mo 1.33 CT z free‐standing films, with highly stacked flakes, exhibiting excellent flexibility and high volumetric capacitances. Micrographs taken by Dr. W. Zeng and colorized and aesthetically enhanced by Patricia Lyons of Moorestown, NJ. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/batt.202200151 .
Fast Pyrolysis of Opuntia ficus-indica (Prickly Pear) and Grindelia squarrosa (Gumweed) (2018)

Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear) and Grindelia squarrosa (gumweed) are two exceptionally drought tolerant plant species capable of growing in arid and semiarid environments. Additionally, they have unique cell wall structures. Prickly pear contains pectin and high levels of ash (16.1%) that is predominantly Ca and K. Gumweed has high levels of extractives that contain grindelic acid and monoterpenoids. The objective of this paper was to evaluate how these unique cell wall components alter the pyrolysis performance of prickly pear and gumweed. Using a tandem micropyrolyzer with GC-MS/FID/TCD, a detailed account of the product slate is given for products generated between 450 and 650 °C. Pyrolysis of prickly pear showed that the high levels of ash increase the amount of organics volatilized and shifted product pools, making it possible to generate up to 7.3% carbonyls vs 3.8% for Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) and 10.5% hydrocarbons vs 1.8% for pine depending on reaction conditions. Pyrolysis of gumweed showed that the extractives were volatilized at low temperatures and led to 17.7% grindelic acid and monoterpenoids derivatives in the condensed vapor phase. At high temperatures, the extractives and other biomass components are converted to aromatics and C5–C10 hydrocarbons, giving a total yield of 16.6%, and also generate large amounts of C2–C4 hydrocarbons, 11.3%.
Randomly microstructured polymer optical fibre (2006)

Microstructured polymer optical fibre was fabricated in which bubbles were randomly distributed in the fibre cladding. The bubbles partly guided and partly scattered light propagating in the fibre core.
Scalable Multimedia Communication with Internet Multicast, Light-weight (1998)

In this survey article we describe the roots of IP Multicast in the Internet, the evolution of the Internet Multicast Backbone or MBone, and the technologies that have risen around the MBone to support large-scale Internet-based multimedia conferencing. We develop the technical rationale for the design decisions that underly the MBone tools, describe the evolution of this work from early prototypes into Internet standards, and outline the open challenges that remain and must be overcome to realize a ubiquitous multicast infrastructure. We and others in the MBone research community have implemented our protocols and methods in real applications and have deployed a fully operational system on a very large scale over the MBone. This infrastructure --- including our audio, video, shared whiteboard tools and protocols --- is now in daily use by the large and growing MBone user and research communities and the success and utility of this approach has resulted in commercialization of many of the underlying technologies.
Abstract P742: Nanoparticles Targeting the Inflammatory Network in Acute Neurovascular Inflammation: Lungs to Brain Axis (2021)

After acute ischemic stroke, the cerebral vasculature is known to become more permeable to circulating leukocytes (WBC). Several laboratories attempted to use this for co-opting WBC do deliver into the central nervous system drugs and nanoparticle (NP) loaded into WBC ex vivo or in the peritoneal cavity. In theory, intravascular loading WBC may provide an interesting alternative. We hypothesize: i) direct in vivo targeting of WBC accessible to NP in the bloodstream (mainly pulmonary intravascular monocytes and marginated neutrophils in lungs), followed by carrier WBC migration to the brain will allow NP delivery to the brain and, ii) that targeted NP against WBC would be a relevant in treatment of acute brain inflammation. In fact, intravenous injection of ICAM-targeted NP 2h after the injection of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the brain initially showed a low uptake of the carrier in the brain that increased with time, as shown by radiotracing (5 times increase) and intravital microscopy of the brain. However, ICAM targeted NP were rapidly accumulated in the lungs and declined with time. Complete blood counts and flow cytometry revealed: i) an increase in circulating WBC counts following injury, ii) &gt;60% of the ICAM-targeted NP were uptaken by WBC in the lungs, iii) ICAM targeted NP were almost exclusively in WBC in the brain (&gt;98%; panel A shows the cellular distribution). Finally, we observed that the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone reduces brain edema only when encapsulated in ICAM-targeted nanoparticles (panel B). In conclusion, ICAM targeted NP: i) can be taken up by WBC, ii) migrate to the inflamed brain and iii) can reduce brain edema when encapsulating dexamethasone.
Nebulized heparin is associated with fewer days of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial (2010)

The Australian Clinical Trials Registry (ACTR-12608000121369).
Supplementary Methods from AG-221, a First-in-Class Therapy Targeting Acute Myeloid Leukemia Harboring Oncogenic <i>IDH2</i> Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;