gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Low-Frequency Intensity and Frequency Fluctuations in GaAlAs Lasers (1982)

The intensity and frequency noise in single-mode GaAlAs lasers have been measured and the correlation between these instabilities investigated. The measurements were made over the range from 10 Hz to 25 kHz in CSP, TJS, and BH laser structures. It is found that the coherence function for frequency noise and intensity noise from one facet is near unity at the lasing threshold, decreases rapidly with decreasing current below threshold, and also decreases, but more slowly, as the current is increased above threshold. Qualitatively similar behavior is found for the correlation between intensity noise from the two laser facets. Junction voltage fluctuations are not correlated with the other types of noise, except when longitudinal mode hopping is occurring A model in which both intensity and frequency noise are related to local current variations and optical backscattering in the diode active region is developed to explain the results.
Pattern Freezing Process Free Litho–Litho–Etch Double Patterning (2009)

Double patterning technology based on existing ArF immersion lithography is considered as the most viable option for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) node of 32 nm and below. Most of double patterning approaches previously described requires intermediate processing step such as hard mask etching, spacer material deposition, and resist pattern freezing. The requirement of these additional steps is now leading way to requests for throughput reduction and low cost for production for double patterning technology applications. In this paper, litho–litho–etch (LLE) double patterning without any intermediate processing steps is investigated to achieve narrow pitch resist imaging. The LLE options examined in this work are combinations of positive tone-negative tone and positive tone-positive tone photoresist double patterning process. These are the alternative processes in pattern freezing process free LLE double patterning. The goals of this work are to determine witch of these approaches is the most viable for future application and to confirm the patterning potential for 32 nm and below half pitch resist imaging.
Health Cloud: An Enabler for Healthcare Transformation (2016)

An unprecedented volume of data is being generated in healthcare and life sciences, ranging across medical records, claims, lab data, genomics data, medical images, emerging exogenous data, and knowledge. Much of this data is moving to the cloud. In this paper, we describe examples of how the data from systems of record, exogenous data sources and knowledge sources can be combined at cloud scale and speed to create industry-transforming insights to improve health outcomes. We then describe a cloud architecture and building blocks that enable these solutions, and the compliance aspects that are critical to healthcare solutions. Finally, we outline a realization of this architecture and outline further research topics in this domain.
Dynamic functional evolution of an odorant receptor for sex-steroid-derived odors in primates (2009)

Odorant receptors are among the fastest evolving genes in animals. However, little is known about the functional changes of individual odorant receptors during evolution. We have recently demonstrated a link between the in vitro function of a human odorant receptor, OR7D4, and in vivo olfactory perception of 2 steroidal ligands--androstenone and androstadienone--chemicals that are shown to affect physiological responses in humans. In this study, we analyzed the in vitro function of OR7D4 in primate evolution. Orthologs of OR7D4 were cloned from different primate species. Ancestral reconstruction allowed us to reconstitute additional putative OR7D4 orthologs in hypothetical ancestral species. Functional analysis of these orthologs showed an extremely diverse range of OR7D4 responses to the ligands in various primate species. Functional analysis of the nonsynonymous changes in the Old World Monkey and Great Ape lineages revealed a number of sites causing increases or decreases in sensitivity. We found that the majority of the functionally important residues in OR7D4 were not predicted by the maximum likelihood analysis detecting positive Darwinian selection.
Patients treated with first‐generation HCV protease inhibitors exhibit high ribavirin concentrations (2014)

Anemia is a well-known RBV-related event in HCV therapy which is exacerbated by the addition of telaprevir and boceprevir. This retrospective study evaluated and compared ribavirin exposure and parameters able to influence hemoglobin decrease in a large population of patients treated with dual or triple therapy. Patients on triple therapy had higher ribavirin concentrations at week 12 of treatment (3460 ng/mL vs. 1843 ng/mL; P < .0001). An association was also observed between week 12 eGFR and ribavirin concentration only for patients on triple therapy (P = .002). The proportion of patients with a >20 mL/min/1.73 m(2) decrease in eGFR at week 12 was higher among patients on triple therapy: 32%, 14%, and 5% for boceprevir, telaprevir, and dual therapy, respectively (P = .025 and .026). No correlation was observed between boceprevir and telaprevir concentrations and hemoglobin or eGFR decrease. Exacerbation of anemia in patients on triple therapy is related to higher ribavirin concentrations. We provide an explanation for this increase in plasma RBV concentration. Triple therapy with PEG-IFN, RBV, and telaprevir or boceprevir will remain the only HCV treatment option for many patients. Our data show that the RBV dose can be decreased while maintaining adequate plasma concentrations and reducing anemia.
Alterations in neuronal action potential shape and spiking rate caused by pulsed 60 GHz millimeter wave radiation (2016)

This study demonstrates effect of 60 GHz radiation applied in a pulsed mode to the finite neuronal network. Short powerful pulses of 50 to 300 msec duration were applied to leech neuronal ganglion and electrophysiological activity of the Retzius cells were recorded via sharp electrodes. Pulses were applied with respect to the natural activity of the tested cell and preconditioned every recorded action potential. Despite fairly low increase of sample's temperature caused by radiation's heating, clear and instant alteration in action potential parameters occurred. Along with that the prolonged utilization of this mode resulted into decrease of action potential spiking rate. Obtained results demonstrate the potential use of sub-terahertz radiation for wireless modulation of neuronal activity.
Environmental Sensing (1992)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. Lieberman, "Environmental Sensing," in Optical Fiber Sensors, Collected Papers of the International Conferences on Optical Fiber Sensors 1983-1997 (Optica Publishing Group, 1992), paper Th42. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Flexibility of the P-loop of Pim-1 kinase: observation of a novel conformation induced by interaction with an inhibitor (2012)

The serine/threonine kinase Pim-1 is emerging as a promising target for cancer therapeutics. Much attention has recently been focused on identifying potential Pim-1 inhibitor candidates for the treatment of haematopoietic malignancies. The outcome of a rational drug-design project has recently been reported [Nakano et al. (2012), J. Med. Chem. 55, 5151-5156]. The report described the process of optimization of the structure-activity relationship and detailed from a medicinal chemistry perspective the development of a low-potency and nonselective compound initially identified from in silico screening into a potent, selective and metabolically stable Pim-1 inhibitor. Here, the structures of the initial in silico hits are reported and the noteworthy features of the Pim-1 complex structures are described. A particular focus was placed on the rearrangement of the glycine-rich P-loop region that was observed for one of the initial compounds, (Z)-7-(azepan-1-ylmethyl)-2-[(1H-indol-3-yl)methylidene]-6-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-3(2H)-one (compound 1), and was also found in all further derivatives. This novel P-loop conformation, which appears to be stabilized by an additional interaction with the β3 strand located above the binding site, is not usually observed in Pim-1 structures.
Memory hierarchy reconfiguration for energy and performance in general-purpose processor architectures (2002)

Conventional microarchitectures choose a single memory hierarchy design point targeted at the average application. In this paper, we propose a cache and TLB layout and design that leverages repeater insertion to provide dynamic low-cost configurability trading off size and speed on a per application phase basis. A novel configuration management algorithm dynamically detects phase changes and reacts to an application's hit and miss intolerance in order to improve memory hierarchy performance while taking energy consumption into consideration. When applied to a two-level cache and TLB hierarchy at 0.1 /spl mu/m technology, the result is an average 15% reduction in cycles per instruction (CPI), corresponding to an average 27% reduction in memory-CPI, across a broad class of applications compared to the best conventional two-level hierarchy of comparable size. Projecting to sub-.1 /spl mu/m technology design considerations that call for a three-level conventional cache hierarchy for performance reasons, we demonstrate that a configurable L2/L3 cache hierarchy coupled with a conventional LI results in an average 43% reduction in memory hierarchy energy in addition to improved performance.
Compressive Properties of Three-Layered Porous Aluminum Fabricated by Spacer Method Using Dissimilar Alloy Powders (2021)

In this study, three-layered porous aluminum consisting of AC4CH (porosity: 70％) / pure aluminum (80％) / A6061 (75％) / and AC4CH (70％) / pure aluminum (70％) / A6061 (70％) were fabricated by a sintering and dissolution process. When plateau stress of each layer was significantly different, such as three-layered porous aluminum with varying porosities, exhibited clear multiple plateau regions corresponding to the deformation of each layer. In contrast, when plateau stress of each layer had a close value, such as three-layered porous aluminum with homogeneous porosities, exhibited no clear multiple plateau regions.
Diversity and Evolution of 2-Oxoglutarate Dependent Dioxygenase (2016)

2-オキソグルタル酸依存性ジオキシゲナーゼ（2OGD）は二価鉄を含む水溶性のジオキシゲナーゼであり，低分子化合物からタンパク質やDNAまで様々な生体分子に対して水酸化や脱メチル化など多彩な酸化反応を触媒する．2OGDは細菌から植物，動物まで広く存在しており，ヒトには約60個，各植物種のゲノムには0.5%を占める2OGD遺伝子が存在しているが，進化系統解析に基づく分類命名法は確立されていない．本解説では，生物界全体の2OGDを比較解析し，2OGDの進化と多様性，および代謝活性の有用性について考察する．
Effects of initial cold work conditions on the deformation and current capacity of monofilamentary and multifilamentary Bi-2223 conductors (1997)

The influences of initial cold work conditions on the deformation characteristics and the current-carrying capability of Bi-2223 powder-in-tube conductors have been investigated by varying the working friction and the amount of reduction per pass. The results demonstrate that deformation of the conductors can be very inhomogeneous depending on the working parameters. Specifically, dead zones are found within the transverse cross-sections of the tapes close to the tools - sample interfaces such that the bulk of the deformation is restricted to the central portions of the conductors. Since the core of monofilamentary tape is located outside the dead zones, it is highly densified when deformed under high friction condition resulting in the largest . On the other hand, a large number of filaments in multifilamentary tape reside within the dead zones such that high working friction does not result in optimum . Instead, a combination of low friction and large reduction per pass resulted in the most homogeneous deformation and highest current capacity.
Correction for mechanical inaccuracies in a scanning Talbot-Lau interferometer (2022)

&lt;p&gt;Grating-based X-ray phase-contrast and in particular dark-field radiography are promising new imaging modalities for medical applications. Currently, the potential advantage of dark-field imaging in early-stage diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in humans is being investigated. These studies make use of a comparatively large scanning interferometer at short acquisition times, which comes at the expense of a significantly reduced mechanical stability as compared to tabletop laboratory setups. Vibrations create random fluctuations of the grating alignment, causing artifacts in the resulting images. Here, we describe a novel maximum likelihood method for estimating this motion, thereby preventing these artifacts. It is tailored to scanning setups and does not require any sample-free areas. Unlike any previously described method, it accounts for motion in between as well as during exposures.&lt;/p&gt;
Sequential change of carbohydrate antigen associated with differentiation of murine leukemia cells: i-I antigenic conversion and shifting of glycolipid synthesis. (1983)

Cell surface carbohydrate antigens and their metabolism were investigated during the course of differentiation of murine cultured leukemia cells (M1) into macrophage-like cells. The major glycolipids in undifferentiated M1 cells were of the ganglio series, with a small amount of lacto-series glycolipids. A novel branched structure was found as a tetraosylceramide of M1- cells. Upon differentiation, synthesis of lacto-series glycolipids was significantly enhanced and synthesis of globo-series glycolipids was newly induced but the ganglio-series synthesis was much reduced. Undifferentiated cells expressed only i antigen (i+I-Pk-); differentiated macrophage-like cells became I-antigen dominant and Pk-antigen positive (i+/-I+Pk+). The changes proceeded in two sequential steps: (i) an enhancement of lacto-series glycolipid synthesis associated with the conversion of i antigen to I antigen, and (ii) subsequent induction of globo-series glycolipid synthesis accompanied by the appearance of Pk antigen. The experimental system offers a clue for studies on the process of branching (i-to-I conversion) as well as the biological significance of three major glycolipids (globo-, lacto-, and ganglio-series) as markers of cell differentiation.
Addition chains, vector chains, and efficient computation (2020)

The computational generation of minimal-length addition chains over the last sixty years or so has yielded many new results concerning addition chains. The computer search for such chains often involves a search tree which is traversed to produce addition chains. A depth first search of the search tree is greatly facilitated by pruning bounds which are sequences whose terms pair up with corresponding terms in an addition chain, and which cut off certain branches of the search tree that have no chance of leading to a minimal-length addition chain. In Thurber (1999), Thurber developed a set of pruning bounds that cut down significantly on the time to generate minimal-length addition chains. This paper generalizes the results in Thurber (1999), defining two new pruning bounds that further improve the search time for such chains. Establishing the validity of the new bounds uses a discovery by Clift of a relationship between addition chains and vector chains. This relation comes about from unwinding an addition chain, which involves tracing an addition chain backwards to write the target number as a combination of several intermediaries. The new pruning bounds not only speed up the search process, but also eliminate special cases needed when applying the bounds in Thurber (1999). The purpose of the paper is twofold. The first is to establish the validity of the two new sets of pruning bounds, and the second is to show how the somewhat surprising relationship between addition chains and vector chains accomplishes this.
Digitalisation and automation for the development of modern engineering workflows (2022)

Automation, as part of the Energy Industry’s Digital Transformation, is producing significant time savings in modern engineering workflows whilst minimising opportunity for human error. A challenge we face is ensuring these automated workflows are accessible to people in the industry without programming experience. Xodus’ solution to this problem is FLUX. FLUX works as an object-oriented, ‘no-code’, web-based platform which tracks, stores and executes both technical and non-technical workflows. Workflows are first automated in-house by developing scripts, which are then hosted on FLUX allowing them to be easily shared across the business without requiring programming knowledge. A popular use case for FLUX is in the concept engineering phase of a project when performing parametric analyses. Multiple simulation cases (typically thousands) assessing all the different possible combinations of design parameters can be interrogated at once. FLUX can then automatically output an interactive parallel coordinate plot to highlight the impact of each parameter on the overall system. Platforms such as FLUX are an effective solution to increasing accessibility to automation for the industry via ‘no-code’ mechanisms, the ability to interface through an intuitive digital platform where project data is stored, exchanged and analysed through automated calculations is a step forward in engineering workflow efficiency.
Publisher's Note: Hybrid superprism with low insertion losses and suppressed cross-talk [Phys. Rev. E71, 026604 (2005)] (2005)

Received 23 February 2005DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.71.039904©2005 American Physical Society
Kinetic Investigation on the Cationic Polymerization of o-Phthalaldehyde: Understanding Ring-Expansion Polymerization (2020)

Depolymerizable polymers are of interest for engineering applications, especially when their decomposition products can be recycled back into high-value monomers. Polyphthalaldehyde and its derivatives form cyclic polymer products which can depolymerize rapidly from the solid state. To facilitate the development of these materials into technologies, the polymerization kinetics of this system was investigated. A microflow reactor was used to examine the cationic polymerization of o-phthalaldehyde with boron trifluoride diethyl etherate as the polymerization catalyst. By utilizing a microflow reactor, mass and heat resistances could be minimized to probe the kinetics of the reaction. High molecular weight polymer, >270 kDa, was formed in 10 s. Kinetic and molecular weight data indicate that two polymerization regimes exist. The first regime is characterized by controlled growth rates to moderate molecular weight polymers. The second regime occurs above a threshold concentration, where intermolecular chain transfer dominates the polymerization kinetics, resulting in an exponential growth of the polymer molecular weight via fusion of adjacent polymer chains. A ring-expansion polymerization model is proposed to explain these polymerization results. These findings enable greater synthetic control to achieve targeted polymer properties for poly(aldehydes) and identifies kinetic methods that can be employed to assess the activity of other polymerization catalysts.
NodeWiz: peer-to-peer resource discovery for grids (2005)

Efficient resource discovery based on dynamic attributes such as CPU utilization and available bandwidth is a crucial problem in the deployment of computing grids. Existing solutions are either centralized or unable to answer advanced resource queries (e.g., range queries) efficiently. We present the design of NodeWiz, a grid information service (CIS) that allows multi-attribute range queries to be performed efficiently in a distributed manner. This is obtained by aggregating the directory services of individual organizations in a peer-to-peer information service.
Alpha-linolenic acid rich Allium porrum methanolic extract potentially inhibits HT-115 human colon cancer cells proliferation via mitochondria mediated apoptotic mechanism (2021)

Colon cancer is the third most devastating cancer type in morbidity and mortality associated with severe comorbidities in developing and developed countries. Dietary supplementation of alpha-linolenic acid has a beneficial effect on intestinal dysfunction. In the present study, we processed Allium porrum (Leek) for extraction and identified the bioactive metabolites with the potential of antiproliferative effect in HT-115 (human colon carcinoma) cells. We preliminarily analyzed the cytotoxic effects of methanol, chloroform, and hexane extracts of leek on HT-115 cells. In vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed that leek methanol extract (LME) significantly prohibited cell proliferation in a dose-as well as time-dependent manner, compared with hexane and chloroform extracts of leek. We found that LME at 0.4 and 0.2 μg/mL inhibited HT-115 cell proliferation by 50% at both 24 and 48 h. Cell morphological analysis and nuclear staining indicated that 22% of cells became apoptotic and ∼4% were necrotic after treatment with 0.4 μg/mL of LME. RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that mRNA and protein expression levels of apoptotic markers such as p53, Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 were up-regulated, whereas Bcl-2 was down-regulated in cells exposed with 0.4 μg/mL LME, compared with the levels in untreated control cells. Lipid peroxidation marker (LPO) was significantly elevated in LME-treated cell lysates. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly decreased in LME-treated cell lysates when compared with control HT-115 cells. In conclusion, the observed results demonstrate that LME significantly inhibits colon cancer cell growth via the mitochondria mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis mechanism.
Size-Dependent Same-Material Tribocharging in Insulating Grains (2014)

Observations of flowing granular matter have suggested that same-material tribocharging de- pends on particle size, rendering large grains positive and small ones negative. Models assuming the transfer of trapped electrons can explain this, but so far have not been validated. Tracking individual grains in an electric field, we show quantitatively that charge is transferred based on size between materially identical grains. However, the surface density of trapped electrons, measured independently by thermoluminescence techniques, is orders of magnitude too small to account for the scale of charge transferred. This suggests that another negatively charged species, such as ions, is responsible.
Low-impedance shielded tip piezoresistive probe enables portable Microwave Impedance Microscopy (2012)

We present new scanning probes suitable for Microwave Impedance Microscopy measurements on any scanning platform using a piezoactuator. We microfabricated piezoresistive cantilevers integrated with low-impedance, electrically-shielded transmission lines to enable simultaneous topographical and electrical scanning probe microscopy. The probes provide topography feedback with nanometer vertical resolution for samples or setups where laser detection is not feasible or desirable. MIM is a scanning probe technique that utilizes the interaction of a GHz electrical signal with a sample and yields a conductivity map of the sample at the nanoscale. Our new design exhibits vertical displacement resolution of 3.5 nm in a measurement bandwidth from 1 Hz to 10 kHz. The capacitance between shield and inner conductors measured with an impedance analyzer is 9.5 pF and the trace resistance is 32 Ω. We have demonstrated sample location and topographic scanning capabilities using the self-sensing piezoresistor.