gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Common Spatial Pattern revisited by Riemannian geometry (2010)

This paper presents a link between the well known Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) algorithm and Riemannian geometry in the context of Brain Computer Interface (BCI). It will be shown that CSP spatial filtering and Log variance features extraction can be resumed as a computation of a Riemann distance in the space of covariances matrices. This fact yields to highlight several approximations with respect to the space topology. According to these conclusions, we propose an improvement of classical CSP method.
Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Spray Deposition of Titania Films with Incorporated Crystalline Nanoparticles for All‐Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using P3HT (Adv. Funct. Mater. 10/2016) (2016)

Hybrid solar cells, consisting of conjugated polymers and n-type inorganic nanocrystals, are suggested as an alternative to organic solar cells due to the combined advantages of both organic and inorganic components. To improve easy solar cell fabrication, P. Müller-Buschbaum and co-workers introduce pre-synthesized crystalline titania nanoparticles into the metal oxide phase to obtain more effective titania photoanodes, as described on page 1498. Cover image by Christoph Hohmann, Nano-systems Initiative Munich (NIM).
Phase-induced amplitude apodization complex mask coronagraphy (PIAACMC) for large segmented apertures (Conference Presentation) (2017)

High contrast imaging of exoplanets around nearby stars with future large segmented apertures requires starlight suppression systems optimized for such geometries, with the ability to control diffraction created by gaps between segments. The PIAACMC approach is well-suited for high high efficiency coronagraphic imaging of exoplanets at small angular separations, offering an inner working angle (IWA) as small as 1 lambda/D. We show that PIAACMC can be designed for segmented apertures and present a few representative designs. The design process can mitigate leaks due to stellar angular size and chromatic diffraction by segment gaps by co-optimizing a multi-zone diffractive focal plane mask and a Lyot stop. The resulting performance is ultimately limited by stellar angular size, and the IWA must be carefully traded against contrast and throughput at small angular separations. We show that PIAACMC's small IWA enables space-based near-IR imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanets around Sun-stars, and ground-based imaging and characterization of habitable planets around nearby M-type stars. We review the current status of PIAACMC laboratory development and near-term prospects for ground-based use.
Building and surroundings: thermal coupling (2015)

Energy building performance can be different according to outdoor conditions or urban environment, at the same time that this last assess, buildings are also affected by the building envelope, as obvious consequence of the thermal and Aeraulic coupling existing between the indoor and outdoor conditions in buildings. Thus, in this coupling is fundamental to typify the transmission phenomenon through the building envelope. Doing this, it is possible to estimate transmission heating losses and gains and also the superficial temperatures of the envelope. In order to assess the transient behaviour of the building envelope it is necessary to develop a predictive model, precise enough, to be integrated in a simulating tool. Detailed and multidimensional models, based in numerical methods, like Finite Element Method (FEM), has a high precision, but its complexity imply resources consumption and computational time, too high to be integrated in these kind of tools. On the contrary, simplified methods are good enough because they are simple and fast, with an acceptable precision in almost all the situations. The present work is focused: (a) Firstly, to develop a simplified RC-network model. The aim of the model is to characterize and to implement with&#13;\nprecision the behaviour of a wall in a simulating software tool based on urban environment, (b) secondly, to express in form of equivalences, the different indoor and outdoor excitations that can exist in the building envelope, and (c) finally, to calibrate the simplified model through its characteristic parameters. For a homogeneous wall and two types of excitations, it has been obtained the characteristic parameters of the model that represent the better adjustment to the real wall. In a first step, it has been obtained the results of the proposal model and a reference model based on FEM, in terms of wall external surface heat flow. Results of both models have been compared, and the resultant characteristic parameters of the model have been obtained through an optimisation method. Results for the wall and for the excitations under analysis show: (1) Characteristic longitude ec, or capacitive node position, it is determined according to a certain value of Fo equal to 2 for both excitations, this value remains constant in time, (2) useful wall thickness, on the contrary, vary as time function, according to a logarithmic law for both excitations, although this function is different depending on the considered excitation, (3) using a constant excitation, coefficients from the previous logarithmic function depends on the range of the excitation, while these are practically independent of the lineal&#13;\nexcitation gradient.
Genomic and immune infiltration differences between MSI and MSS GI tumors. (2019)

528 Background: Dysregulation of DNA mismatch repair pathway can lead to microsatellite instability in many GI tumors, and microsatellite instability is an important diagnostic and prognostic marker. Microsatellite instable (MSI) tumors comprise about 15% of colorectal malignancies and can be found in other gastrointestinal (GI) tumor types. We present results of analysis of genomic and immune infiltration differences between MSI and microsatellite stable (MSS) GI tumors spanning multiple cancer types. Methods: A total of 521 GI patients with deep whole exome sequencing (WES) of tumor and blood samples, and whole transcriptomic sequencing (RNA-Seq) (∼200M reads per tumor) were available for this analysis from a commercial database. Variant calling was performed through joint probabilistic analysis of tumor and normal DNA reads, with germline status of variants being determined by heterozygous or homozygous alternate allele fraction in the germline sample. Results: Gene expression and pathway analysis found significantly higher immune signaling in MSI cohort and higher metabolic signaling in MSS cohort. We also found upregulation of structural cellular integrity pathways in MSI tumors. Per-sample deconvolution of immune infiltration using cell type gene markers shows some MSI samples with high CD8 T-cells. Co-expression analysis of checkpoint and TME genes shows higher correlation of FOXP3 and CTLA4 in the MSS cohort compared to the MSI samples, whereas correlation between FOXP3 and PDL1 is decreased. TIM3, LAG3, and OX40 are significantly more expressed in MSI samples than MSS samples. Within the subset of colorectal tumors, additional checkpoints are significantly differentially overexpressed in MSI malignancies. 50 somatic variants are significantly differential in MSI tumors. Conclusions: MSI tumors demonstrably exhibit higher immune signaling, with many immune and checkpoint markers expressed at higher levels in MSI tumors. Some cellular integrity pathways also appear to be up in MSI cohort. A number of potentially important somatic variants are associated with MSI samples.
A Phase II, Safety and Efficacy Study of Fixed Dose Radioimmunotherapy (Zevalin, yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan) for Patients with Incomplete Response to Chemotherapy Prior to Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) for Multiple Myeloma (2015)

Studies suggest that the clonogenic cell in Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a post-germinal center B-cell expressing CD20, which makes it a potential target for antibody therapy. 90Y-Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan) combines an anti-CD20 antibody with the radioisotope yttrium-90, which has the potential to kill not only a targeted CD20+ cell, but also neighboring plasma cells which may not express CD20. This phase II trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of 90-Zevalin given prior to planned high dose chemotherapy (melphalan 200mg/m2) and ASCT to patients with incomplete response to prior chemotherapy for MM.
Platelets in Arterial Thrombosis (2009)

The central role of the platelet in thrombus formation has been well established. Whereas thrombus formation in some situations may be protective, it can be devastating in others such as in acute coronary syndromes. An understanding of the mechanisms and the molecules involved in platelet-mediated thrombosis is essential in order to be able to devise antiplatelet regimens that may improve patient outcomes and to develop future generations of antithrombotic drugs. This chapter provides a brief summary of the molecules and mechanisms which regulate platelet adhesion and aggregation.
Reduction of azo alkanes by benzhydryl radicals [Erratum to document cited in CA110(13):113875x] (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of azo alkanes by benzhydryl radicals [Erratum to document cited in CA110(13):113875x]Paul S. Engel and Wen Xue WuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 14, 5506Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00196a089RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (134 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Aromatase in the context of breast and endometrial cancer. A review. (2006)

Generally, estrogens are considered to be involved in the neoplastic transformation of endometrium. After the menopause these estrogens mainly originate from conversion of adrenal androgens by aromatization in body fat. However, in case of stromal hyperplasia of the ovaries, it cannot be excluded that production of aromatizable androgens by postmenopausal ovaries leads to increased availability of androgen precursors for intratumoral estrogen synthesis in the endometrial tissue as well. The local presence of androgens and the local expression and activity of aromatase is considered important for this steroidogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the available evidence that androgens, produced in hyperplastic ovarian stroma or body fat tissues, play a role in the development of endometrial cancer through conversion into estrogens, a reaction catalyzed in the endometrium by the enzyme aromatase cytochrome P450. As the presence of aromatase appeared to be a pathophysiological factor in the formation of breast cancer, the latter will be evaluated in relation to the development of endometrioid endometrial cancer as well, since both disorders appear partly estrogen dependent. As treatment with aromatase inhibitors appeared feasible in breast cancer, current knowledge of comparable treatment modalities in hormone dependent endometrial cancer will be reviewed.
Poster 190 Lateral Stiffness Shoe and the Effect on Lower Extremity Muscle Activations and Medial Joint Loading (2011)

C. Y. Lin, none. To test the hypothesis that changes in the lower extremity joint moments would be accompanied by changes in muscle activation patterns between a lateral stiffness (LS) and a control shoe in healthy adults. Single-blind randomized cross-over study. Gait laboratory. 11 healthy adults (28.3±1.3 years; 66.7±2.8 kg; 1.68±0.02 m). An LS shoe with a lateral midsole 1.3-1.5 times stiffer on the medial side and a uniform sole stiffness control shoe. Each subject performed 5 self-selected speed walking trials per shoe. Peak lower extremity frontal and sagittal plane external joint moments were calculated by inverse dynamics by using kinematic data from a 10-camera motion analysis system and ground reaction force data. Electromyography (EMG) for the vastus medialis and lateralis, gluteus medius, biceps femoris, medial and lateral gastrocnemius, peroneus longus, and tibialis anterior muscles were collected with bipolar surface EMG electrodes. Significant differences between knee (P<.01) and hip (P=.05) first peak adduction (varus) joint moments for the LS and control shoes were found by using paired 2-tailed t-tests. There were no systematic differences between the groups in the mean EMG intensities for the pre-heel strike or the first 40% of stance phase for all muscles examined (P>.05). Significant differences were seen in the first peak knee and hip adduction moments but not in the EMG intensities between the LS and control shoes. The absence of a systematic neuromuscular adaptation to the LS shoe suggests that there are multiple neuromuscular adaptations that can produce the same change in joint kinetics. Adaptations to noninvasive interventions, such as the LS shoe, were found to decrease pain and joint loading in patients with knee osteoarthritis, and are of interest because varus joint loading is related to severity and progression of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Further analyses of neuromuscular changes with this shoe intervention are warranted.
Stereoselective synthesis of 1-substituted organometallic derivatives of 3,3-dimethylbutane-1,2-d2 (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective synthesis of 1-substituted organometallic derivatives of 3,3-dimethylbutane-1,2-d2Paul L. Bock and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 9, 2826–2829Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00816a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00816a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Origami-like creases in sheet materials for compliant mechanism design (2013)

Abstract. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the creasing of non-paper sheet materials, such as plastics and metals, to facilitate origami-based compliant mechanism design. Although it is anticipated that most origami-based design will result from surrogate folds (indirect methods of replacing the crease), it is valuable to provide information that may help in more direct approaches for origami-based design in materials other than paper. Planar sheets of homogeneous material are considered as they maintain the principles fundamental to origami (flat initial state, low cost, readily available). The reduced stiffness along the axis of the crease is an enabling characteristic of origami. Hence a metric based on the deformation of the crease compared to the deformation of the panels enables engineering materials to be evaluated based on their ability to achieve the "hinge-like" behavior observed in folded paper. Advantages of both high and low values of this metric are given. Testing results (hinge indexes, residual angles, localized hinge behavior and cyclic creasing to failure) are presented for various metals and polymers. This methodology and subsequent findings are provided to enable origami-based design of compliant mechanisms.
Quantifying the proportion of deaths due to body mass index‐ and waist circumference‐defined obesity (2016)

Current population obesity monitoring misses those with BMI(N) /WC(O) who are at increased risk of mortality. By targeting reductions in population WC, the potential exists to prevent more deaths in the population than if we continue to target reductions in BMI alone.
Atomic Layer Deposition for Lithium‐Based Batteries (2016)

With the increasing demand for energy at a low cost and minimal environmental impact, the development of next‐generation high‐performance batteries has drawn considerable attention. Owing to the capability of forming conformal coatings of thin films and nanoparticles, atomic layer deposition (ALD) has shown great potential in deposition and surface modification of electrode materials with various nanostructures, deposition of solid‐state electrolyte, and fabrication of electrochemical catalysts. This paper reviews the recent development and applications of ALD in Li‐based batteries, especially beyond Li‐ion systems, and provides suggestions for further development of ALD techniques for these batteries.
Reading interventions (2016)

The quantified-self movement has brought us a multitude of tracking devices mostly focused on physical activities. But healthy user habits go beyond the physical realm, such as cognitive activities, learning and reading. For installing healthy reading habits we built a wordometer using smart eyewear for tracking online and offline reading activities throughout the day. Besides providing reading statistics at the end of the day we propose a number of real-time interventions to support reading in-situ: adjustable text that takes into account users' current cognitive state, such as attention span, visual fatigue and comprehension levels. In this paper we report insights from our in-the-wild reading tracker and explore various intervention techniques with the goal of supporting user attention, focus, and comprehension in reading tasks.
FLASH Radiation Therapy: Accelerator Aspects (2020)

One of the new paradigms in radiation therapy (RT) is the FLASH dose delivery irradiation technique. The FLASH methodology consists in delivering millisecond pulses of radiation (total beam-on time 100-500 ms) delivered at a high mean dose-rate (&gt; 40-100 Gy/s) and pulse amplitude (&gt; 1E6 Gy/s), over 2000 times faster than in conventional RT. New accelerator ideas are under development or are being tested to deliver this type of beam. In this paper we will report the accelerator technology used for the pre-clinical studies and the necessary developments to deliver this novel dose RT technique.
Advanced cathode and anode injection control concept for 1200V SC(Schottky controlled injection)-diode (2014)

At ISPSD2013, we presented an SC-diode that realizes low forward voltage drop (VF), low reverse recovery loss and low leakage current at high temperature of over 175 °C, with a combination of very low injection efficiency and high carrier lifetime. This paper proposes an advanced low injection cathode concept with N Schottky region enabling the SC-diode to obtain excellent fast recovery characteristics, realizing a range of 10 kH switching frequency. We discuss a balance of injection efficiency between two sides (anode and cathode), which is very important for reducing voltage ringing during reverse recovery under low current turn-on condition of IGBTs. Furthermore, we have obtained high reverse recovery ruggedness by controlling impact ionization position where is only bottom of deep P anode layer.
FOXP3 is a homo-oligomer, and it interactions with histone acetyltransferase and class II histone deacetylases are required for repression (88.30) (2007)

Abstract We have found that FOXP3 is an oligomeric component of a large supramolecular complex. The Zinc-Leuzip region of FOXP3 is sufficient to mediate its homotetramerization. Wild type FOXP3 directly binds to the human IL-2 promoter, but the E251 deletion in FOXP3 in XLAAD/IPEX patient’s T cells disrupts its homo-oligomerization, heteromerization with FOXP1, its association with the IL-2 promoter, and limits repression of IL-2 transcription after T cell activation. Additionally we report that transcriptional repression by FOXP3 involves a histone acetylase-deacetylase complex that includes TIP60 and HDAC7 and HDAC9. FOXP3 can be acetylated, and TIP60 promotes FOXP3 acetylation in vivo. Knockdown of endogenous TIP60 relieved FOXP3-mediated transcriptional repression. A minimum FOXP3 ensemble containing native TIP60 and HDAC7 is necessary for IL-2 production regulation in T cells. Moreover, FOXP3 association with HDAC9 is antagonized by T cell stimulation, and can be restored by the Trichostatin A indicating a complex dynamic aspect of T suppressor cell regulation. These findings identify a novel complex based mechanism by which FOXP3 actively mediates transcriptional repression.
Resource Allocation in a Quantum Key Distribution Network with LEO and\n GEO trusted-repeaters (2021)

Quantum Key Distribution~(QKD) is a technology that enables the exchange of\nprivate encryption keys between two legitimate parties, using protocols that\ninvolve quantum mechanics principles. The rate at which secret keys can be\nexchanged depends on the attenuation that is experienced. Therefore, it is more\nconvenient to replace many terrestrial fiber segments (and repeaters) by just\nfew optical satellite links that would enable flexible global coverage. Then,\nthe satellite nodes can take the role of trusted-relays, forwarding the secret\nkeys from source to destination. However, since the rate at which secret keys\ncan be generated in each quantum link is limited, it is very important to\nselect the intermediate satellite nodes to inter-connect ground stations\nefficiently. This paper studies the most convenient allocation of resources in\na QKD network that combines complementary connectivity services of GEO and LEO\nsatellites. The aim of the centralized routing algorithm is to select the most\nconvenient trusted-relays to forward the secret keys between pairs of ground\nstations, verifying the constraints that satellite-to-ground and\ninter-satellite quantum channels have.\n