gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A sol-gel derived AgCl photochromic coating on glasses (1992)

A new sol-gel synthesis route for the preparation of a transparent photochromic coating based on silver halide crystals is described. Therefore a sodium alumo borosilicate sol synthesized for dip coatings glass surfaces is used. Porous layers of about 2 µm in thickness have been obtained after drying. Silver ions were introduced into the layer by an infiltration process with an aqueous silver nitrate solution, forming small silver colloids that can be converted into silver chloride particles by HCl vapour. The so prepared coatings show a reversible photochromic behaviour. After 15 minutes of UV illumination transmittance decreases from about 86 % to 36 %. The darkend coatings recover completely after thermal bleaching at about 400 °C. The reversible formation of silver colloids after UV irradiation could be followed directly by x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Surprisely the photo efficiency is much higher in the prepared coating than in molten photochromic glasses.
3D Microstructure Reconstruction and Characterization of Solid-State Electrolyte with Varying Porosity (2018)

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Monodisperse drops templated by 3D-structured microparticles (2020)

The ability to create uniform subnanoliter compartments using microfluidic control has enabled new approaches for analysis of single cells and molecules. However, specialized instruments or expertise has been required, slowing the adoption of these cutting-edge applications. Here, we show that three dimensional-structured microparticles with sculpted surface chemistries template uniformly sized aqueous drops when simply mixed with two immiscible fluid phases. In contrast to traditional emulsions, particle-templated drops of a controlled volume occupy a minimum in the interfacial energy of the system, such that a stable monodisperse state results with simple and reproducible formation conditions. We describe techniques to manufacture microscale drop-carrier particles and show that emulsions created with these particles prevent molecular exchange, concentrating reactions within the drops, laying a foundation for sensitive compartmentalized molecular and cell-based assays with minimal instrumentation.
Neuromorphic and Early Warning behavior-based authentication in common theft scenarios (2017)

With increased rates of smartphone theft over the past decade, mobile authentication systems that operate on a continual basis are a necessity to meet increasing demands for user privacy, device usage, and authentication accuracy. Rather than forcing end users to continually self-authenticate via password pins or through other means on a time-interval basis [2-7], a system that continuously authenticates users provides a more frictionless relationship between a user's device and its physical security. Such a system, if effectively operating on a low-powered, unobtrusive, and secure basis, would make it viable for most consumer mobile devices. In this paper, we build upon our work in [1] to provide a novel authentication scheme that meets these requirements for a commonly adopted system. Our system, iSentinel, hopes to provide an unobtrusive, low-powered solution for detecting and responding to common theft scenarios by continuously authenticating mobile devices in use cases such as walking, texting, and driving.
Inverse optimization techniques for targeted self-assembly (2009)

This article reviews recent inverse statistical-mechanical methodologies that we have devised to optimize interaction potentials in soft matter systems that correspond to stable “target” structures. We are interested in finding the interaction potential, not necessarily pairwise additive or spherically symmetric, that stabilizes a targeted many-body system by generally incorporating complete configurational information. Unlike previous work, our primary interest is in the possible many-body structures that may be generated, some of which may include interesting but known structures, while others may represent entirely new structural motifs. Soft matter systems, such as colloids and polymers, offer a versatile means of realizing the optimized interactions. It is shown that these inverse approaches hold great promise for controlling self-assembly to a degree that surpasses the less-than-optimal path that nature has provided. Indeed, we envision being able to “tailor” potentials that produce varying degrees of disorder, thus extending the traditional idea of self-assembly to incorporate both amorphous and crystalline structures as well as quasicrystals. The notion of tailoring potentials that correspond to targeted structures is motivated by the rich fundamental statistical-mechanical issues and questions offered by this fascinating inverse problem as well as our recent ability to identify structures that have optimal bulk properties or desirable performance characteristics. Recent results have already led to a deeper basic understanding of the mathematical relationship between the collective structural behavior of many-body systems and their interactions, as well as optimized potentials that enable self-assembly of ordered and disordered particle configurations with novel structural and bulk properties.
Strain effects on the work function of an organic semiconductor (2016)

Establishing fundamental relationships between strain and work function (WF) in organic semiconductors is important not only for understanding electrical properties of organic thin films, which are subject to both intrinsic and extrinsic strains, but also for developing flexible electronic devices. Here we investigate tensile and compressive strain effects on the WF of rubrene single crystals. Mechanical strain induced by thermal expansion mismatch between the substrate and rubrene is quantified by X-ray diffraction. The corresponding WF change is measured by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. The WF of rubrene increases (decreases) significantly with in-plane tensile (compressive) strain, which agrees qualitatively with density functional theory calculations. An elastic-to-plastic transition, characterized by a steep rise of the WF, occurs at ∼0.05% tensile strain along the rubrene π-stacking direction. The results provide the first concrete link between mechanical strain and WF of an organic semiconductor and have important implications for understanding the connection between structural and electronic disorder in soft organic electronic materials.
Ligand SAR Using Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction ESI-MS of Protein and RNA Targets ESI-MS Data Signal Abundances Ligands Selected Using Affinity Chromatography Antibiotics Binding Bacterial Cell Wall Peptides Kinases and GPCRs Src Homology 2 Domain Screening Other Systems Direct Observation of Ligand–Target Complexes Observation of Enzyme–Ligand Transition State Complexes Ligands Bound to Structured RNA ESI-MS for Linking Low-affinity Ligands Unique Features of ESI-MS Information for Designing Ligands References
A Low Frequency Potential Scattering Description of Acoustic Propagation in Dispersions (2001)

Ultrasound spectroscopy is a new technique for studying particle size that has great potential due to its ability to size concentrated dispersions such as food emulsions. Successful particle sizing using spectroscopic techniques requires an accurate scattering theory. Single particle scattering theory, first developed by Rayleigh and refined by Epstein and Carhart, is an exact theory for an isolated particle suspended in a medium. The theory involves expansion of the scattered fields as a series of Hankel functions, which, when solved in the far field, give the scattering coefficients. However, the numerical solution for these coefficients is badly conditioned and as a result, it is not possible to guarantee under all circumstances accurate results for calculation of the scattering coefficients. It is also difficult to solve the scattering problem for shapes other than ellipsoids and to account for scattering by more than one particle. Herein is presented a low frequency, asymptotic approximation to single particle scattering theory that is accurate and is easily generalized to arbitrary shapes and to more than one particle. Kleinman [Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 18 (1965), pp. 205--229] showed that it was possible to obtain an iterative solution to the Helmholtz equation outside a scatterer with Dirichlet boundary conditions and satisfying the radiation condition by solving a sequence of potential problems. In this paper we develop Kleinman's idea and apply it to the more complex problem of thermo-acoustic scattering. In this method, which we call "low frequency potential scattering theory"---LFPST for short, an asymptotic series solution is calculated by solving a sequence of coupled Poisson equations. We show that LFPST agrees with single particle scattering theory and experiment in the low frequency limit.
Uptake of verteporfin by orthotopic xenograft pancreas models with different levels of aggression (2009)

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis, usually treated with chemoradiation therapy. Interstitial photodynamic therapy is a potentially effective adjuvant treatment that is under development. In the current study, two orthotopic pancreatic cancer models (AsPC-1 and Panc-1), have been characterized with respect to growth rates, morphology and liposomal drug (Verteporfin) uptake and distribution in SCID mice. Fluorescence of Verteporfin was measured in liver and tumor <i>in vivo</i> using a <i>PDT</i> fluorescence dosimeter with measurements taken before and up to one hour after tail vein injection. Fluorescence reached a plateau by about 15 minutes and did not decrease over the first hour. At time points from 15 minutes to 24 hrs, the internal organs (kidney, spleen, pancreas, tumor, muscle, lung, liver, and skin were excised and scanned on a Typhoon imager. The ratio of fluorescence in tumor versus normal tissues was analyzed with image processing, calculated at each time point and compared to <i>in vivo</i> results. Tissue distribution of Verteporfin in relation to functional vasculature marked by DiOc7 was carried out on frozen sections. Final analysis will result in determination of the ideal time point to administer light to achieve maximum tumor destruction while preserving normal tissue.
A mammary cancer suppressor gene and its site of action in the rat. (1991)

Fifty-day-old female rats of the inbred Osborne-Mendel (OM) and Copenhagen (COP) strains were exposed to a single dose of either of 2 highly effective mammary chemical carcinogens, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene (DMBA) or 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU). Female OM rats are highly susceptible to both of these carcinogens developing greater than 5 mammary adenocarcinomas per rat following a single exposure to either chemical. In contrast, female COP rats are completely resistant to both DMBA and MNU mammary cancer induction. Genetic breeding analysis of the F1 and F2 hybrids produced by crossing COP to OM rats demonstrated that the resistance of the female COP rat to DMBA and MNU is due to the presence of a single dominant autosomal allele in the germ line of the COP rat. Transplantation experiments demonstrated that the site of action of this COP gene is within the mammary epithelial cells themselves, not systemically or at the local mammary gland level within nonepithelial mammary cells. The resistance to DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis affected by the COP gene does not involve prevention of the initial interaction of DMBA with the mammary epithelial cells, but suppression of the progression of these initiated mammary cells to full cancer. This suppression does not involve paracrine release of diffusible factor(s). This gene does not suppress the development of MNU-induced renal or bladder cancers in the COP female rats. Thus, this newly identified autosomal dominant gene is specifically a mammary cancer suppressor gene. Analysis of the response of female feral rats to DMBA or MNU exposure demonstrates that this mammary cancer suppressor gene is also functional in feral rats. This suggests that this mammary cancer gene is functionally inactivated either by mutation or deletion in the germ line of highly susceptible strains of rats like the OM and inbred Sprague-Dawley rats, but functionally retained in resistant strains like the COP.
Photothermal Catalysis: Photothermal Catalyst Engineering: Hydrogenation of Gaseous CO2 with High Activity and Tailored Selectivity (Adv. Sci. 10/2017) (2017)

The size dependence of the photothermal effect of palladium nanocrystals enables the selectivity of the solar powered heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to be finely tailored towards producing either carbon monoxide through the reverse water gas shift reaction, CO2 + H2 → CO + H2O, favored for small nanocrystals or to methane, via the Sabatier methanation reaction, CO2 + 4H2 → CH4 + 2H2O, preferred for larger nanocrystals. This is described by Geoffrey A. Ozin and co-workers in article number 1700252.
Mediterranean Diet, Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers, and Brain Atrophy in Old Age (2021)

Our findings corroborate the view of MeDi as a protective factor against memory decline and mediotemporal atrophy. Importantly, they suggest that these associations might be explained by a decrease of amyloidosis and tau-pathology. Longitudinal and dietary intervention studies should further examine this conjecture and its treatment implications.
Emissive electrowetting devices for hybrid I/O displays (2004)

A hybrid I/O/spl trade/ display device is developed, that utilizes an emissive light valve approach with a potential luminous efficiency /spl sim/10-40/spl times/ higher than LCD light valves. We use light wave coupling (LWC) in a light storage plate to couple two extremely efficient light sources: inorganic violet light sources and organic RGB lumophores.
OA05-02. Analysis of DNA compared to Ad5 vaccination, as single and mixed modalities, demonstrates robust induction of cellular immune responses in macaques (2009)

Background We have previously reported dramatic increases in immune responses induced by DNA vaccines delivered by electroporation (EP), resulting in improved control of viral replication following a SIVmac251 challenge. We compared the immunogenicity of DNA+EP to the Ad5 vaccine, the most potent recombinant viral vector for the generation of CTL responses in macaques and humans. Futhermore, we were interested in examining the effect of prime/boost strategies using these two platforms on the magnitude and phenotype of the immune response.
Pressure-induced shear and interlayer expansion in Ti 3 C 2 MXene in the presence of water (2018)

Pseudo-negative compressibility in layered materials is a phenomenon typically limited to in situ high-pressure experiments in some clay minerals and carbon-based materials. We show that the MXene Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T <sub><i>x</i></sub> expands along its crystallographic <i>c</i> direction when compressed in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O. This expansive effect occurs when a mixture of powders and excess water is quasi-hydrostatically compressed in a diamond anvil cell; it also occurs to a much larger extent when powders are pressed uniaxially into discs and, notably, persists after pressure is released. We attribute the expansion to the insertion of H<sub>2</sub>O molecules and have identified shear-induced slipping of the nanosheets comprising multilayered MXene particles as a possible cause of this behavior in the latter case. This both has implications for the processing of MXenes and contributes to the field of materials with pseudo-negative compressibility by adding a new member for further investigation.
Electromagnetic Simulations for an Axisymmetric Gregorian Reflector System for a Space Deployed Inflatable Antenna (2016)

Abstract : An axisymmetric array-fed confocal parabolicGregorian reflector system for potential space deployment isexplored. The antenna utilizes a planar array located near thevertex of the primary reflector. Numerical electromagneticsimulations based on the multilevel fast multipole method(MLFMM) were used to analyze and optimize the antennaparameters for fixed on-axis peak directivity performance.Simulations of the radiation pattern performance of a dualreflector system with a 2.4m diameter primary reflectoroperating at Ku band are presented.
Fractal nano-composites: Giant local-field enhancement of optical responses (2001)

Optical properties of fractal nano-structured composite materials, such as fractal aggregates of metal colloids and metal-dielectric films near the percolation threshold, are reviewed. It is shown that the fractal geometry results in localization of plasmon excitations in the “hot” spots, where the local field can exceed the applied field by several orders of magnitude. The high local fields of the localized fractal modes result in dramatic enhancement of optical responses, making feasible the surface-enhanced spectroscopy of single molecules and nanocrystals.
Multiple recurrent follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: A case report (2020)

Tumors of the follicular dendritic cells (FDC-Sarcoma) represent a rare entity with only about 200 cases reported worldwide. The majority (60%) of cases arise primarily in cervical, abdominal or axillar lymph nodes, but extra nodal origin from secondary lymphatic tissue like the tonsils, Waldeyer's ring or MALT is also common (40%). The current report presents a characteristic course of a cervical FDC-Sarcoma, with its challenges in establishing the initial diagnosis and the struggle for therapeutic options. The FDC-Sarcoma presented recurrently for four times. Three different university hospitals in Germany were involved in the patients' treatment. Due to the patients' refusal, no adjuvant therapy was applied. In the end, a neck dissection was performed. The patient was closely followed up and has been recurrence-free for 10 years. This case suggests operative resection in combination with a neck dissection as a curative therapy for FDC-Sarcoma of the head and neck.
The Influence of Endoproteolytic Processing of Familial Alzheimer's Disease Presenilin 2 on Aβ42 Amyloid Peptide Formation (1999)

Mutant presenilins (PS) contribute to the pathogenesis of familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) by enhancing the production of Abeta42 from beta-amyloid precursor protein. Presenilins are endoproteolytically processed to N-terminal and C-terminal fragments, which together form a stable 1:1 complex. We have mapped the cleavage site in the PS2 protein by direct sequencing of its C-terminal fragment isolated from mouse liver. Three different N-terminal residues were identified starting at Val-299, Thr-301, and Leu-307 that correspond closely to the previously described N termini of the C-terminal fragment of human PS1. Mutational analysis of the PS2 cleavage site indicates that the principal endoproteolytic cleavage occurs at residues Met-298/Val-299 and that the N terminus is subsequently modified by secondary proteolytic cleavages. We have generated cleavage defective PS2 constructs, which accumulate exclusively as full-length polypeptides in transfected Neuro2a cells. Functional analysis of such cleavage defective PS2 carrying the FAD mutation Asn-141 --> Ile showed that its Abeta42 producing activity was strongly reduced compared with cleavage-competent FAD PS2. In contrast, cleavage defective PS2 was active in rescuing the egg-laying defect of a sel-12 mutant in Caenorhabditis elegans. We conclude that PS2 endoproteolytic cleavage is not an absolute requirement for its activities but may rather selectively enhance or stabilize its functions.
Opportunities and challenges in lung cancer screening implementation: a narrative review (2023)

Abstract: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) recommend lung cancer screening (LCS) for high risk current and former smokers. Developing a comprehensive LCS program requires coordinated planning from program conception through implementation and maintenance that address both pragmatic and regulatory matters. In this review article, we discuss the available evidence, guideline recommendations, and practical considerations for implementing a high-quality LCS program. Key factors in the initial planning phase include engagement of stakeholders with a particular focus on support from providers, patients and healthcare organizations. Additionally, it is important to consider the infrastructure and program design that will best serve local needs, and implement mandatory components such as a data registry and smoking cessation. We also discuss the implementation phase including strategies for optimizing the eligible patient population to be screened as well as the processes of shared decision making (SDM), standardization of screening results and communication of findings to patients. Once patients have been screened, maintenance of a successful LCS program requires iterative multidisciplinary reviews of key quality metrics and establishing systematic mechanisms to track evaluation, minimizing loss to follow-up. We also review other recommended components that contribute to maintaining a high-quality screening program such as a clinical screening coordinator, patient navigator, and tools to improve the uptake of and adherence to LCS.
Novel Alkaline Copper and Copper-Alloy Electroplating Processes Offering Extended Capabilities in Semiconductor Interconnect Metallization (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Unraveling the Complexity of Supramolecular Copolymerization Dictated by Triazine–Benzene Interactions (2021)

Supramolecular copolymers formed by the noncovalent synthesis of multiple components expand the complexity of functional molecular systems. However, varying the composition and microstructure of copolymers through tuning the interactions between building blocks remains a challenge. Here, we report a remarkable discovery of the temperature-dependent supramolecular copolymerization of the two chiral monomers 4,4',4″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tribenzamide (<i><b>S</b></i><b>-T</b>) and 4,4',4″-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tribenzamide (<i><b>S</b></i><b>-B</b>). We first demonstrate in the homopolymerization of the two individual monomers that a subtle change from the central triazine to benzene in the chemical structure of the monomers significantly affects the properties of the resulting homopolymers in solution. Homopolymers formed by <i><b>S</b></i><b>-T</b> exhibit enhanced stability in comparison to <i><b>S</b></i><b>-B</b>. More importantly, through a combination of spectroscopic analysis and theoretical simulation, we reveal the complex process of copolymerization: <i><b>S</b></i><b>-T</b> aggregates into homopolymers at elevated temperature, and upon slow cooling <i><b>S</b></i><b>-B</b> gradually intercalates into the copolymers, to finally give copolymers with almost 80% alternating bonds at 10 °C. The formation of the predominantly alternating copolymers is plausibly contributed by preferred heterointeractions between triazine and benzene cores in <i><b>S</b></i><b>-T</b> and <i><b>S</b></i><b>-B</b>, respectively, at lower temperatures. Overall, this work unravels the complexity of a supramolecular copolymerization process where an intermediate heterointeraction (higher than one homointeraction and lower than the other homointeraction) presents and proposes a general method to elucidate the microstructures of copolymers responsive to temperature changes.
Table S3 from Integrative Kinome Profiling Identifies mTORC1/2 Inhibition as Treatment Strategy in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 3 | Binomial testing of kinome sequencing variants.&lt;/p&gt;