gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resource Aware Routing Protocol in Heterogeneous Wireless Machine-to-Machine Networks (2014)

Routing algorithm can significantly impact network performance. Routing in a network containing heterogeneous nodes differs from routing in a network with homogeneous nodes. If the routing algorithm is designed to fit less powerful nodes, the resources of more powerful nodes are wasted and network performance can be degraded. If the routing algorithm is developed to suit more powerful nodes, less powerful nodes may not have sufficient resources to run the algorithm and network may break down. Routing algorithms developed for homogeneous networks do not work well for heterogeneous networks. The IETF designed the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) by taking into account resource heterogeneity and defined four modes of operation. However, RPL only allows one mode of operation for all routers in a network. This paper proposes a resource-aware adaptive mode RPL (RAM-RPL) to achieve adaptive mode of operation in heterogeneous wireless machine-to-machine (M2M) networks. RAM-RPL not only allows routers to have mixed modes of operation in a network but also allows routers to adaptively adjust their modes of operation during network operation. Acting parent and acting root techniques are introduced to realize adaptive mode of operation and route compression. RAM-RPL exploits resource heterogeneity and shifts routing workload from less powerful nodes to more powerful nodes. Simulation results show that RAM-RPL can improve data packet delivery rate by 26% and reduce control message overhead by 53% while maintaining similar packet latency.
Delay PUF Assessment Method Based on Side-Channel and Modeling Analyzes: The Final Piece of All-in-One Assessment Methodology (2016)

Most of the recent literature investigates mathematical analyses performed on the simulated behavior of the delay physically unclonable function (PUF). These analyses are not sufficient to characterize the PUF leakage under actual operating conditions, and it is hard to model the distribution of the noise that might confuse the assessment of the PUF. Furthermore, simulated analyses may lead to an overestimation of the risk. We show that the availability of an embedded image of the target PUF is important for assessing security against real attacks by considering different input conditions. In this paper, we propose a delay PUF assessment method that combines side-channel analyses and modeling analyses. Our proposed method is the last piece of the all-in-one methodology to assess the security of the delay PUF. Finally, we conduct an experiment to evaluate a real arbiter-PUF (APUF) with our proposed assessment method. Our result shows that a modeling analysis using random forest (RF) and advanced support vector machine (SVM) are suitable for the APUF in the assessment method.
3D cardiac motion estimation using RF signal decorrelation (2008)

Mouse cardiac ultrasound imaging is generally acquired as sets of 2D B-mode video or RF data. The high signal bandwidth and frame rate (>100 Hz) required for real-time 3D mouse heart scanning presents a major challenge making it unlikely that direct capture of finely sampled real-time 3D data will be achieved in the near future. Collecting and registering image sets from intersecting orthogonal 2D scan planes enables the estimation of 3D motion, but only at points along lines of intersection between acquired image frames. We propose the use of RF signal decorrelation to estimate elevational motion from 2D data at points other than the lines of intersection. RF data was collected and processed using a 30 MHz VisualSonics Vevo 770 scanner. A mouse heart was scanned along short and long axis imaging planes, producing RF data throughout the entire cardiac cycle. RF decorrelations were computed along all A-lines. Orthogonal displacement measurements were used to compute functions which map decorrelation to displacement at lines of intersection between planes. Combining in-plane speckle tracked estimates and out of plane decorrelation based displacement estimates yielded a full 3D displacement data set for the entire cardiac cycle. Displacements estimated using RF decorrelation were highly correlated with independent (orthogonal) speckle-tracked estimates. Out-of-plane decorrelation provides a method for computing 3D displacements from 2D scan-planes of in vivo mouse heart RF data. 3D displacement vectors may be used to compute 3D strain that may be useful when analyzing ischemic, normal and ldquoborder zonerdquo regions post myocardial infarct.
Convergence Results for Neural Networks via Electrodynamics (2017)

We study whether a depth two neural network can learn another depth two network using gradient descent. Assuming a linear output node, we show that the question of whether gradient descent converges to the target function is equivalent to the following question in electrodynamics: Given $k$ fixed protons in $\mathbb{R}^d,$ and $k$ electrons, each moving due to the attractive force from the protons and repulsive force from the remaining electrons, whether at equilibrium all the electrons will be matched up with the protons, up to a permutation. Under the standard electrical force, this follows from the classic Earnshaw's theorem. In our setting, the force is determined by the activation function and the input distribution. Building on this equivalence, we prove the existence of an activation function such that gradient descent learns at least one of the hidden nodes in the target network. Iterating, we show that gradient descent can be used to learn the entire network one node at a time.
Planck2013 results support the simplest cyclic models (2013)

We show that results from the Planck satellite reported in 2013 are consistent with the simplest cyclic models for natural parameter ranges i.e., order unity dimensionless coefficients, assuming the standard entropic mechanism for generating curvature perturbations. With improved precision, forthcoming results from Planck and other experiments should be able to test the parameter ranges by confirming or refuting the core predictions - i.e., no observable primordial B-mode polarization and detectable local non-gaussianity. A new prediction, given the Planck 2013 constraints on the bispectrum, is a sharp constraint on the local trispectrum parameter g_{NL}; namely, the simplest models predict it is negative, with g_{NL} < -1700.
Design of a differentially flat open-chain space robot with arbitrarily oriented joints and two momentum wheels at the base (2006)

The motion of a free-floating space robot is characterized by the principle of conservation of angular momentum. It is well known that these angular momentum equations are nonholonomic, i.e., are nonintegrable rate equations. If the base of the free-floating robot is partially actuated, it is difficult to attain trajectories of the joints that result in point-to-point motion of the entire robot system in its configuration space. However, if the drift-less system associated with the angular momentum conservation equations is shown to be differentially flat, point-to-point maneuvers of the free-floating robot in its configuration space can be constructed. However, an open research problem in the current literature is to show the property of differential flatness for a general space robot. The primary contributions of this paper are as follows: (i) study systematically the structure of the nonholonomic rate constraint equations of a free-floating open-chain space robot with arbitrarily oriented joints and two momentum wheels; (ii) establish the design conditions under which the system exhibits differential flatness; (iii) exploit these design conditions for point-to-point trajectory planning and control of the space robot
Influence of Monolayer Amounts of HNO3 on the Evaporation Rate of H2O over Ice in the Range 179 to 208 K:  A Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study (2005)

The evaporation flux J(ev) of H2O from thin H2O ice films containing between 0.5 and 7 monolayers of HNO3 has been measured in the range 179 to 208 K under both molecular and stirred flow conditions in isothermal experiments. FTIR absorption of the HNO3/H2O condensate revealed the formation of metastable alpha-NAT (HNO(3).3H2O) converting to stable beta-NAT at 205 K. After deposition of HNO3 for 16-80 s on a 1 mum thick pure ice film at a deposition rate in the range (6-60) x 10(12) molecules s(-1) the initial evaporative flux J(ev)(H2O) was always that of pure ice. J(ev)(H2O) gradually decreased with the evaporation of H2O and the concomitant increase of the average mole fraction of HNO3, chi(HNO3), indicating the presence of an amorphous mixture of H2O/HNO3 that is called complexed or (c)-ice whose vapor pressure is that of pure ice. The final value of J(ev) was smaller by factors varying from 2.7 to 65 relative to pure ice. Depending on the doping conditions and temperature of the ice film the pure ice thickness d(D) of the ice film for which J(ev) < 0.85J(ev)(pure ice) varied between 130 and 700 nm compared to the 1000 nm thick original ice film at 208 and 191 K, respectively, in what seems to be an inverse temperature dependence. There exist three different types of H2O molecules under the present experimental conditions, namely (a) free H2O corresponding to pure ice, (b) complexed H2O or c-ice, and (c) H2O molecules originating from the breakup of NAT or amorphous H2O/HNO3 mixtures. The significant decrease of J(ev)(H2O) with increasing chi(HNO3) leads to an increase of the evaporative lifetime of atmospheric ice particles in the presence of HNO3 and may help explain the occurrence of persistent and/or large contaminated ice particles at certain atmospheric conditions.
Optical rectification and thermal currents in optical tunneling gap antennas (2022)

Electrically-contacted optical gap antennas are nanoscale interface devices enabling the transduction between photons and electrons. This new generation of device, usually constituted of metal elements (e.g. gold), captures visible to near infrared electromagnetic radiation and rectifies the incident energy in a direct-current (DC) electrical signal. However, light absorption by the metal may lead to additional thermal effects which need to be taken into account to understand the complete photo-response of the devices. The purpose of this communication is to discriminate the contribution of laser-induced thermo-electric effects in the photo-assisted electronic transport. We show case our analysis with the help of electromigrated devices.
Relaxation phenomena in rubber/layered silicate nanocomposites (2007)

Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) is employed in order to investigate relaxation phenomena occurring in natural rubber (NR), polyurethane rubber (PUR) and PUR/NR blend based nanocomposites, reinforced by 10 parts per hundred (phr) Layered Silicates (LS). Nanocomposites and matrices were examined under identical conditions in a wide frequency (10 -1 to 10 6 Hz) and temperature (-100 to 50C) range. Experimental data are analyzed in terms of electric modulus formalism. The recorded relaxation phenomena include contributions from both the polymer matrices and the nanofiller. Natural rubber is a non-polar material and its performance is only slightly affected by the presence of layered silicates. Polyurethane rubber exhibits four distinct relaxation processes attributed, with ascending relaxation rate, to Interfacial Polarization (IP), glass/rubber transition (-mode), local motions of polar side groups and small segments of the polymer chain (, -mode). The same processes have been detected in all systems containing PUR. IP is present in all nanocomposites being the slowest recorded process. Finally, pronounced interfacial relaxation phenomena, occurring in the PUR+10 phr LS spectra, are attributed to nanoscale effects of intercalation and exfoliation.
Design, methodology, and baseline data of the Personalized Addition Lenses Clinical Trial (PACT) (2017)

PACT is a clinical trial evaluating whether myopia progression in children can be slowed by wearing personalized addition PALs compared with fixed addition PALs and SVLs as measured by cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length. Baseline data were comparable with those of previous myopia control studies in children. Subjects will be followed up every 6 months for 2 years.
Exploring the thermoelectric properties of oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) derivatives (2020)

Seebeck coefficient measurements provide unique insights into the electronic structure of single-molecule junctions, which underpins their charge and heat transport properties. Since the Seebeck coefficient depends on the slope of the transmission function at the Fermi energy (EF), the sign of the thermoelectric voltage will be determined by the location of the molecular orbital levels relative to EF. Here we investigate thermoelectricity in molecular junctions formed from a series of oligophenylene-ethynylene (OPE) derivatives with biphenylene, naphthalene and anthracene cores and pyridyl or methylthio end-groups. Single-molecule conductance and thermoelectric voltage data were obtained using a home-built scanning tunneling microscope break junction technique. The results show that all the OPE derivatives studied here are dominated by the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level. The Seebeck coefficients for these molecules follow the same trend as the energy derivatives of their corresponding transmission spectra around the Fermi level. The molecule terminated with pyridyl units has the largest Seebeck coefficient corresponding to the highest slope of the transmission function at EF. Density-functional-theory-based quantum transport calculations support the experimental results.
Supplemental Figures from Exome Sequencing of African-American Prostate Cancer Reveals Loss-of-Function <i>ERF</i> Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1. Copy number alterations of AAPC exome set. Supplemental Figure 2. Copy number analysis grouped by Gleason scores. Supplemental Figure 3. Recurrent somatic copy number alterations in the AAPC cohort. Supplemental Figure 4. Analysis of fraction of copy number altered genome in the AAPC exome and TCGA cohorts. Supplemental Figure 5. Prostatic adenocarcinomas with unique ERF mutations demonstrate decreased RNA expression by RNA ISH. Supplemental Figure 6. IGV screenshots of validated ERF mutations. Supplemental Figure 7. Frequencies of mutations in ERF across several published prostate cancer sequencing cohorts. Supplemental Figure 8. Visualization of deletions at chr19q13.2 in the TCGA cohort and analysis of SU2C/CRPC dataset for ERF mutations. Supplemental Figure 9. Association ERF deletion status with pathologic features. Supplemental Figure 10. Knockdown of ERF mRNA in prostate cancer cell lines and an immortalized prostate epithelial cell line. Supplemental Figure 11. Knockdown of ERF in PCâ€�3 cell line augments invasion and tumor xenograft growth. Supplemental Figure 12. Overexpression of ERF in PCâ€�3 cell line is associated with a growth inhibitory effect. Supplemental Figure 13. Knockdown of ERF in RWPEâ€�1 and LNCaP cell lines contributes to growth proliferation. Supplemental Figure 14. Overexpression of ERF in DUâ€�145 cell line. Supplemental Figure 15. Association of LHSâ€�AR ERF KD signature in the CCLE and CRPC datasets. Supplemental Figure 16. ERF mutation and deletions are mutually exclusive from ERG rearrangement events in the published TCGA cohort (n=333) (cbioportal.org). Supplemental Figure 17. ERF KD signature in setting of ERF overexpression and correlation with Gleason score. Supplemental Figure 18. Association of LHSâ€�AR ERF KD signature projected across the CCLE. Supplemental Figure 19. Mutation plot of combined AAPC (n=102) + TCGA (n=457) analysis. Supplemental Figure 20. ERF nucleotide sequence map.&lt;/p&gt;
Generation of an immunodeficient mouse model of tcirg1-deficient autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (2020)

Our work paves the way to generating an improved xenograft model for <i>in vivo</i> evaluation of functional rescue of patient-derived corrected cells. Further refinement of the newly generated mouse model will allow capitalizing on it for an optimized exploitation in the path to novel cell therapies.
Soil Surface-Trapping of Tomato Leaf-Miner Flies Emerging from Underground Pupae with a Simple Electrostatic Cover of Seedbeds in a Greenhouse (2020)

In the present study, an electrostatic apparatus for trapping adult tomato leaf miner flies (<i>Liriomyza sativae</i>) emerging from underground pupae at the surface of a seedbed in an organic greenhouse was developed. The apparatus consisted of insulated iron rods arranged in parallel at set intervals and linked to a voltage generator, which supplied a negative charge to the rods, as well as non-insulated grounded iron rods with the same configuration. The two layers of insulated and non-insulated iron rods were arrayed in parallel to form a static electric field between the layers. The electric field created a strong attractive force capable of capturing flies that entered the field. In a greenhouse assay, the apparatus was placed horizontally above a seedbed in a greenhouse and surveyed for its ability to capture adult flies emerging from pupae that were introduced onto the seedbed beneath the apparatus. The results revealed that the apparatus effectively trapped all adult flies that emerged from the pupae and that it functioned stably while continuously operated during the entire period of the experiment. Thus, our novel apparatus is a promising tool for the physical control of adult tomato leaf miners in the insecticide-independent cultivation of greenhouse tomatoes.
Comparison of nitrification performance and microbial community between submerged membrane bioreactor and conventional activated sludge system (2005)

A submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) and a conventional activated sludge system (CAS) were compared in parallel over a period of more than 260 days on treating synthetic ammonia-bearing inorganic wastewater without sludge purge under decreased hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Conversion of NH4(+)-N to NO3(-)-N was achieved with an efficiency of over 98% at an HRT > or = 10 h in the SMBR, while similar performance was obtained at an HRT > or = 20 h in the CAS. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified 16S rDNA was used to monitor variations of community structures in the two systems. With the prolongation of operation, the number of DGGE bands in the SMBR gradually increased from the initial 11 bands to the final 22 bands, whereas that in the CAS varied in a range between 13 and 183 Sequence analysis indicates that Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrospira sp. were the dominating nitrification species responsible for ammonia and nitrite oxidation, respectively. Heterotrophic bacteria like Pseudomonas sp. and Flavobacteria sp. existed in both of the systems although only inorganic wastewater was fed. Substantive accumulation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the SMBR was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and EPS analysis.
Dynamic line-by-line pulse shaping with GHz update rate (2010)

We introduce a novel scheme for dynamic line-by-line pulse shaping with GHz update rates. Four lines of an optical frequency comb source are used to injection-lock four individual VCSEL, which are subsequently electrically modulated at 0.4 to 1 GHz through current modulation. This concept could be considered a completely new way of pulse shaping as the light is not simply modified, but rather regenerated with the desired properties. We also discuss an important drawback of line-by-line pulse shapers that ultimately limits the modulation speed capability.
Management of Petroclival Meningiomas: A Review of the Development of Current Therapy (2014)

The surgical management of petroclival meningioma remains challenging, due to the difficulty of accessing the region and the vital structures adjacent to the origin of these tumors. Petroclival meningiomas were originally considered largely unresectable. Until the 1970s, resection carried a 50% mortality rate, with very high rates of operative morbidity if attempted. However, in the past 40 years, advances in neuroimaging and approaches to the region were refined, and results from resection of petroclival meningiomas have become more acceptable. Today, the developments of a multitude of surgical approaches as well as innovations in neuroimaging and stereotactic radiotherapy have proved powerful options for multimodality management of these challenging tumors.
Complex Dynamical Networks Constructed with Fully Controllable Nonlinear Nanomechanical Oscillators (2017)

Control of the global parameters of complex networks has been explored experimentally in a variety of contexts. Yet, the more difficult prospect of realizing arbitrary network architectures, especially analog physical networks that provide dynamical control of individual nodes and edges, has remained elusive. Given the vast hierarchy of time scales involved, it also proves challenging to measure a complex network's full internal dynamics. These span from the fastest nodal dynamics to very slow epochs over which emergent global phenomena, including network synchronization and the manifestation of exotic steady states, eventually emerge. Here, we demonstrate an experimental system that satisfies these requirements. It is based upon modular, fully controllable, nonlinear radio frequency nanomechanical oscillators, designed to form the nodes of complex dynamical networks with edges of arbitrary topology. The dynamics of these oscillators and their surrounding network are analog and continuous-valued and can be fully interrogated in real time. They comprise a piezoelectric nanomechanical membrane resonator, which serves as the frequency-determining element within an electrical feedback circuit. This embodiment permits network interconnections entirely within the electrical domain and provides unprecedented node and edge control over a vast region of parameter space. Continuous measurement of the instantaneous amplitudes and phases of every constituent oscillator node are enabled, yielding full and detailed network data without reliance upon statistical quantities. We demonstrate the operation of this platform through the real-time capture of the dynamics of a three-node ring network as it evolves from the uncoupled state to full synchronization.
Through-Plane Water Transport Visualization in an Operating PEM Fuel Cell by Visible and Infrared Imaging (2010)

In this study, the liquid water emergence and transport within anode and cathode gas diffusion layers in an operating fuel cell was observed from the cross-section with a digital microscope and a high resolution infrared camera. In the cathode, water droplets were found to be formed on the channel side of the GDL cross-section, while little water was detected in the vicinity of the microporous layer. This finding suggested that water was condensing inside the GDL and may imply the existence of a condensation front, which has been predicted by numerical simulation but previously has not been verified experimentally. The anode results indicate that water was transported through anode GDL dominantly in the vapor form. The temperature distributions across the anode and cathode GDL were also measured with a high resolution infrared camera. These visualizations provided critical information on the water transport across a fuel cell.
Temperate Bacteriophage Infectious for Asporogenic Variants of Bacillus pumilus (1974)

Bacillus pumilus strain NRRL B-3275 is lysogenic for an inducible, nondefective temperate bacteriophage phi75. phi75 infects and lysogenizes several asporogenic mutants of B. pumilus strain NRS 576 but does not productively infect the spore(+) parent. phi75 DNA is a linear duplex with a mol wt of about 29 x 10(6) and a buoyant density of 1.701 g/cm(3). The location of the phi75 prophage attachment site on the chromosome of both host strains is adjacent to a lysine marker. The apparent order is phi75 att lys trp.