gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and Physicochemical Properties of Fatty Acid Synthetase and Acetyl‐CoA Carboxylase from Lactating Rabbit Mammary Gland (1978)

Fatty acid synthetase was purified 13‐fold from lactating rabbit mammary glands by a procedure which involved chromatography on DEAE‐cellulose, ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. The preparation was completed within two days and over 100 mg of enzyme was isolated from 100–150g of mammary tissue, which represented a yield of over 40%. The preparation was homogeneous by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugal analysis. The sedimentation constant, s 20, w was 13.3S, the absorption coefficient, A 280nm 1% , measured refractometrically was 10.0 ± 0.1, and the amino acid composition was determined. The subunit molecular weight determined by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate was 252 000 ± 6 000, and the molecular weight of the native enzyme measured by sedimentation equilibrium was 515 000. These experiments indicate that at the concentrations which exist in mammary tissue (2–4 mg/ml) fatty acid synthetase is a dimer. The purified enzyme did however show a tendency to dissociate to a monomeric 9‐9S species on storage for several days or following exposure to a low ionic strength buffer at pH 8.3. There was only a small quantity of alkali labile phosphate (0.2 molecules per subunit) bound covalently to the purified enzyme. Acetyl‐CoA carboxylase was purified 300‐fold in a 50% yield within 24h by ammonium sulphate and polyethylene glycol precipitations [Hardie, D. G. and Cohen, P. (1978) FEBS Lett. 91 , 1–7]. The preparation was in a state approaching homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel filtration on Sepharose 4B and ultracentrifugal analysis. The sedimentation constant, s 20, w , was 50.5S, the absorption index, A 280nm 1% , was 14.5 ± 0.7, and the amino acid composition was determined. The subunit molecular weight of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase determined by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate was identical to that of fatty acid synthetase (252 000) as shown by electrophoresis of a mixture of the two proteins. The preparations also contained two minor components of molecular weight 235 000 and 225 000, which appear to be derived from the major species of mol. wt 252 000. A large amount of phosphate (3.2 molecules per subunit) was found to be bound covalently to the purified enzyme. The properties of fatty acid synthetase and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase are compared to those obtained by other workers.
Influence of Cerium Precursor on the Size and Solid Solubility of Transition Metals in Combustion Synthesized $Ce_1_-_xM_xO_2_-_d$ (M = Cu, Pd) Nano Crystallites: Enhancement of Redox Properties and Catalytic Activity (2005)

Two cerium precursors have been employed to synthesize $Ce_1_-_xM_xO_2_d (M = Cu, Pd) $ nano-crystalline catalysts by solution combustion method.These nano materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and BET surface area measurement. Redox behaviour ofthe catalysts was investigated by temperature-programmed reduction $(H_2TPR)$. Use of ceric ammonium nitrate (precursor A) gives ceria crystallites of size 30-45 nm while cerrous nitrate (precursor B) gives 10-15 nm sized crystallites indicating three fold decrease in crystallite size of $CeO_2$. Solid solubility of copper in $CeO_2$ matrix is between 5-10 atom % with precursor A and it increases to 10-15 atom % with precursor B. The crystallite size is between 15-20 urn using B precursor compared to 40-50 nm crystallites with precursor A when Pd was substituted for Ce indicating approximately a two-fold decrease. With precursor A, solid solubility of Pd in ceria is between 3-5 atom% which increases to similar to 10 atom % with precursor B. Structural study shows $M^2^+ ion$ substitution into $C_eO_2$, matrix. The enhancement of solid solubility coupled with the decrease in crystallite size is associated with an increase in oxygen storage capacity and catalytic activity for CO oxidation by $0_2$, and NO reduction by CO. Such anapproach to synthesis of transition metal ion substituted nano $CeO_2$, is leading to catalysts with higher catalytic activity.
Laser-Driven Electron Lensing in Silicon Microstructures (2019)

We demonstrate a laser-driven, tunable electron lens fabricated in monolithic silicon. The lens consists of an array of silicon pillars pumped symmetrically by two 300 fs, 1.95 μm wavelength, nJ-class laser pulses from an optical parametric amplifier. The optical near field of the pillar structure focuses electrons in the plane perpendicular to the pillar axes. With 100±10 MV/m incident laser fields, the lens focal length is measured to be 50±4 μm, which corresponds to an equivalent quadrupole focusing gradient B^{'} of 1.4±0.1 MT/m. By varying the incident laser field strength, the lens can be tuned from a 21±2 μm focal length (B^{'}>3.3 MT/m) to focal lengths on the centimeter scale.
TWEAK and cIAP1 Regulate Myoblast Fusion Through the Noncanonical NF-κB Signaling Pathway (2012)

The fusion of mononucleated muscle progenitor cells (myoblasts) into multinucleated muscle fibers is a critical aspect of muscle development and regeneration. We identified the noncanonical nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway as a signaling axis that drives the recruitment of myoblasts into new muscle fibers. Loss of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP1) protein led to constitutive activation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway and an increase in the number of nuclei per myotube. Knockdown of essential mediators of NF-κB signaling, such as p100, RelB, inhibitor of κB kinase α, and NF-κB-inducing kinase, attenuated myoblast fusion in wild-type myoblasts. In contrast, the extent of myoblast fusion was increased when the activity of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway was enhanced by increasing the abundance of p52 and RelB or decreasing the abundance of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 3, an inhibitor of this pathway. Low concentrations of the cytokine TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), which preferentially activates the noncanonical NF-κB pathway, also increased myoblast fusion, without causing atrophy or impairing myogenesis. These results identify roles for TWEAK, cIAP1, and noncanonical NF-κB signaling in the regulation of myoblast fusion and highlight a role for cytokine signaling during adult skeletal myogenesis.
Functionalized Multiarmed Polycaprolactones as Biocompatible Tissue Adhesives (2020)

Existing tissue adhesives have a trade-off between adhesive strength and biocompatibility. Here, we report a series of biocompatible multiarmed polycaprolactones (PCL) as tissue adhesives that can be released from a hot glue gun and the length of each arm was kept at ∼2-3 kg mol<sup>-1</sup> in all the polymers. The adhesion properties were dependent on the number of functionalized (<i>N</i>-hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS), aldehyde (CHO), and isocyanate (NCO)) arms of the multiarmed polymers. The more arms, the higher the adhesion strength. For example, the adhesion strength in binding cut rat skin increased from 2.3 N cm<sup>-2</sup> for 2PCL-NHS to 11.2 N cm<sup>-2</sup> for 8-PCL-NHS. CHO- and NCO-modified 8PCL also had suitable adhesive properties. All the multiarmed polymers had minimal cytotoxicity <i>in vitro</i> and good biocompatibility <i>in vivo</i>, suggesting their potential as promising alternative surgical adhesives.
High-speed infrared phase modulators using short helical pitch ferroelectric liquid crystals (2005)

A fast phase modulator based on ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) is demonstrated and its performances characterized. For uniform alignment and pure phase modulation, we propose a new FLC device configuration using short helical pitch material and homeotropic alignment structure. This device is driven by periodic in-plane electrode stripes implemented on the surface of both cell substrates. As a result, we have obtained large phase modulation (> 2pi at lambda=1.55 microm) and fast response (< 200 microsec).
Abstract B98: Development and evaluation of selective, reversible LSD1 inhibitors from fragment startpoints. (2013)

Abstract There is currently considerable interest in lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) as a therapeutic target in human malignancies. Specifically LSD1 has been demonstrated to be an essential regulator of leukaemia stem cell potential, inhibiting differentiation and apoptosis in the MLL-AML setting. There are a variety of potent irreversible LSD1 inhibitors available but here we present two series of reversible aminothiazole inhibitors obtained through the expansion of hits derived from a high concentration biochemical screen of a fragment library. The potency of the initial fragment hits was increased 32-fold through synthesis, with one series of compounds showing clear structure activity relationships (SAR) and inhibitory activities in the range of 7 to 187 µM in a biochemical assay. This series also showed selectivity against the homologous amine oxidase enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). This work represents one of the first reported examples of a reversible small molecule inhibitor of LSD1 with clear SAR and selectivity against MAO-A, and could provide a platform for the development of more potent reversible inhibitors. We also report the first Proof of Mechanism (POM) cell based assay utilizing CD86 expression as a surrogate marker of LSD1 activity in THP1 cells and its use to evaluate both our compounds and some recently reported reversible LSD1 inhibitors. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B98. Citation Format: Alex Stowell, Niall Hamilton, James Hitchin, Julian Blagg, Rosemary Burke, Samantha Burns, Mark J. Cockerill, Emma Fairweather, Colin Hutton, Allan Jordan, Daniel Mould, Graeme Thomson, Ian Waddell, Donald Ogilvie. Development and evaluation of selective, reversible LSD1 inhibitors from fragment startpoints. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B98.
Fundamental and high-order mode bending loss in leakage channel fibers (2008)

Penalties induced by bending are investigated in large mode area polygonal leakage channel fibers for high-power applications. Fundamental and high-order mode losses are reduced considering decagonal symmetry fibers.
Potential Effect of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade in Adipose Tissue and Bone (2013)

Recent evidence demonstrated that dysregulation of adipocytokine functions seen in abdominal obesity may be involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Angiotensinogen, the precursor of angiotensin (Ang) II, is produced primarily in the liver, and also in adipose tissue, where it is up-regulated during the development of obesity and involved in blood pressure regulation and adipose tissue growth. Blockade of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) attenuates weight gain and adiposity by enhanced energy expenditure, and the favorable metabolic effects of telmisartan have been related to its Ang II receptor blockade and action as a partial agonist of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor (PPAR)-γ. PPARγ plays an important role in regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and ligands for PPARγ can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce triglyceride levels. Similarly, bone metabolism is closely regulated by hormones and cytokines, which have effects on both bone resorption and deposition. It is known that the receptors of Ang II are expressed in culture osteoclasts and osteoblasts, and Ang II is postulated to be able to act upon the cells involved in bone metabolism. In in vitro system, Ang II induced the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption. Importantly, it was demonstrated by the sub-analysis of a recent clinical study that the fracture risk was significantly reduced by the usage of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. To treat the subgroups of hypertensive patients with osteoporosis RAS can be considered a novel target.
Probability of jet roping in solution blowing of multiple jets (2023)

Abstract This study describes the development and implementation of a lab‐scale four‐needle nosepiece for solution blowing, which enabled the investigation of the roping probability of four polymer jets at different inter‐needle distances and air velocities. The roping probabilities of the four jets were compared to the corresponding roping probabilities of two jets previously established by the present group. The comparison revealed that at the relatively low air velocities (pressures), the four‐jet configuration reduces roping relative to the two‐jet case, which stems from the reduction of the end effect. However, at relatively high air velocities (pressures), turbulent pulsations in the surrounding air become more dominant than the end effect. Accordingly, the four‐jet case reveals a higher probability of roping at higher air velocities (pressures). The findings shed light on the behavior of multiple solution‐blown jets and the impact of the end effect on roping. The severity of roping in the case of four jets at diminishing inter‐needle distances and increasing air velocity was analyzed using recordings of polymer jets in flight by a high‐speed camera and scanning electron microscopy of the corresponding laydown structure.
Dry and F-doped fused silica for photomask substrate in 157-nm lithography (1999)

In this paper, Dry &amp; F doped fused silica (modified fused silica) expected as material of photo-mask substrate in the 157 nm (F<SUB>2</SUB> laser) lithography has been evaluated with respect to the optical properties of transmittance, internal loss, F<SUB>2</SUB> laser durability, index homogeneity and stress birefringence, etc. Obtained internal loss coefficient at 157.6 nm was approximately 0.015/cm (base 10), which was measured by several samples with different thickness. From this coefficient, internal loss was calculated as approximately 3% per 1 cm, 2% per quarter-inch. The uniformity in transmittance inside the sample diameter (120 mm) was nearly less than plus or minus 0.5% per 1 cm, plus or minus 0.3% per quarter-inch. Laser durability test was made by MIT/LL. The samples (3 mm, 20 mm and 40 mm thickness) were exposed to F<SUB>2</SUB> laser light up to 80 - 520 million pulses with energy density of 0.1 to 1.4 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>/pulse. No significant transmittance change was observed (change was less than 1.0% per quarter-inch at 0.1 to 1.4 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>/pulse, 520 million pulses). We measured the index homogeneity by using interferometer and the stress birefringence by using phase modulation method. Inside the sample diameter (120 mm), index homogeneity was 150 ppm at 632.8 nm, the distribution configuration of relative refractive index has a central symmetry property. The stress birefringence was less than 5 nm per quarter-inch at 632.8 nm. As the result, we concluded that this new material had enough capability for the mask substrate of 157 nm lithography.
Varus-valgus constrained insert with posterior-stabilized femoral components in complex primary total knee arthroplasties (2021)

For complex primary TKA in occasional situations, coupling a VVC insert with a standard PS femur without stems proved reliable and durable at five years. Longer-term follow-up is required before recommending this technique more broadly. Cite this article: <i>Bone Jt Open</i> 2021;2(11):921-925.
High capacity antennas for MIMO radio systems (2003)

The capacity of radio systems with multiple-transmit and multiple-receive antennas may be improved by antenna arrangements which reduce the effective Rician factor. Channel measurements indicate that the capacity in indoor environments may then be close to the independent Rayleigh fading channel even for large numbers of antennas. High capacities may be achieved with such antennas also in outdoor environments. Experiments in the same scenarios indicate significant improvements compared to patch arrays with an element spacing of /spl lambda//2.
Free Surface Electrospinning of Microemulsions Containing Vitamin E (2016)

In research and development of pharmaceutical products, an estimated 90% of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are insoluble or partially soluble in water. Due to poor solubility, these APIs exhibit poor bioavailability in solid dosage forms. To improve the release rate of APIs, free surface electrospinning of a microemulsion was considered as a means of producing submicron size domains of API dispersed in an amorphous excipient. Microemulsions containing a poor solubility API, vitamin E, and an excipient, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, are electrospun to produce a highly porous material with a high surface area, which promotes rapid drug release. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and high performance liquid chromatography to determine the morphology of the fibers and the bioavailability of the final material. The final product contained significant amounts of Vitamin E encapsulated within the excipient, and release rates were significantly improved over commercial products. In addition to improving the bioavailability of APIs, this technique may be utilized to streamline the downstream processing of pharmaceuticals, resulting in lower operating cost and improved uniformity over current batch manufacturing techniques.
Treatment of Experimental Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia with Analogs of Pentamidine (1989)

ABSTRACT Seven analogs of pentamidine were tested for their activity against an immunosuppressed rat model of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Structural alterations of the pentamidine molecule included variations of the alkyl chain linking the two p‐amidino phenoxy moieties and relocation of the amidine groups from the para to the meta position on the phenoxy rings. All analogs of pentamidine were active against P. carinii pneumonia when compared to a saline‐treated control group. One derivative, 1, 4‐di(4′‐amidinophenoxyJbutane, proved to be statistically more active than the parent drug.
Graph Clustering-Based Ensemble Method for Handwritten Text Line Segmentation (2011)

Handwritten text line segmentation on real-world data presents significant challenges that cannot be overcome by any single technique. Given the diversity of approaches and the recent advances in ensemble-based combination for pattern recognition problems, it is possible to improve the segmentation performance by combining the outputs from different line finding methods. In this paper, we propose a novel graph clustering-based approach to combine the output of an ensemble of text line segmentation algorithms. A weighted undirected graph is constructed with nodes corresponding to connected components and edge connecting pairs of connected components. Text line segmentation is then posed as the problem of minimum cost partitioning of the nodes in the graph such that each cluster corresponds to a unique line in the document image. Experimental results on a challenging Arabic field dataset using the ensemble method shows a relative gain of 18% in the F1 score over the best individual method within the ensemble.
A study on an efficient prediction of welding deformation for T-joint laser welding of sandwich panel PART I : Proposal of a heat source model (2013)

The use of I-Core sandwich panel has increased in cruise ship deck structure since it can provide similar bending strength with conventional stiffened plate while keeping lighter weight and lower web height. However, due to its thin plate thickness, i.e. about 4~6 mm at most, it is assembled by high power <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> laser welding to minimize the welding deformation. This research proposes a volumetric heat source model for T-joint of the I-Core sandwich panel and a method to use shell element model for a thermal elasto-plastic analysis to predict welding deformation. This paper, Part I, focuses on the heat source model. A circular cone type heat source model is newly suggested in heat transfer analysis to realize similar melting zone with that observed in experiment. An additional suggestion is made to consider negative defocus, which is commonly applied in T-joint laser welding since it can provide deeper penetration than zero defocus. The proposed heat source is also verified through 3D thermal elasto-plastic analysis to compare welding deformation with experimental results. A parametric study for different welding speeds, defocus values, and welding powers is performed to investigate the effect on the melting zone and welding deformation. In Part II, focuses on the proposed method to employ shell element model to predict welding deformation in thermal elasto-plastic analysis instead of solid element model.
Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Amino‐4‐quinazolinones via ortho‐Fluorobenzoyl Guanidines. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Power deposition properties of a travelling-wave applicator for interstitial hyperthermia (1993)

An interstitial hyperthermia applicator is described that is capable of providing uniform heating over an extended range of depths. The applicator utilizes glossy two-wire transmission lines that are terminated in p-i-n diodes that may be biased on or off. A pair of these transmission lines within a single applicator allows a variety of symmetrical and asymmetrical patterns to be produced. Theoretical predictions of the applicator's performance are provided that are based on empirically determined transmission line characteristics.
Surface characterization of alumina-supported catalysts prepared by sol–gel method. Part I. Acid–base properties (2001)

Surface characterization of Al2O3, In2O3–Al2O3 and Ga2O3–Al2O3 prepared by sol–gel method was made focusing on the acid–base properties. Cyclohexanol conversion as a model reaction revealed that acid sites rather than basic sites are present predominantly on the surface. The presence of Lewis acid sites was confirmed by pyridine adsorption followed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. In addition, a certain amount of Brønsted acid sites were also revealed by the adsorption of 2,6-dimethylpyridine (DMP). From the adsorption of CO, it was found that the addition of Ga2O3 into alumina leads to a decrease of Lewis acid strength but to an increase of the number of sites, while In2O3 addition caused a global decrease of Lewis acidic properties of alumina. Using CO2 as a probe to study the basicity, the number of surface basic sites on alumina was found to be decreased by the In2O3 and Ga2O3 additives. A good correlation between the catalytic activity for 3,3-dimethylbut-1-ene isomerisation and the surface acidity estimated by CO and DMP adsorption was supposed. The combination of model reactions and adsorption of specific probe molecules gives us detailed information concerning the surface acid–base properties.
Synthesis of Spirastrellolide A Fragments for Structure Elucidation (2006)

A stereocontrolled synthesis of two diastereomeric C1-C22 fragments of spirastrellolide A consistent with reported spectroscopic data has been achieved to aid in a complete configurational assignment of this structurally novel and potent antimitotic natural product. A highly convergent coupling of two enantiomeric C1-C10 methyl ketone fragments with an enantiopure C11-C22 spiroketal ­aldehyde produced the C1-C22 fragments with a longest linear sequence of 13 steps from commercially available starting materials.