gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Interplay of the Genetic Architecture, Aging, and Environmental Factors in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2020)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic fibrosing lung disease of indeterminate etiology and limited therapeutic options. The initiation, development, and progression of IPF are influenced by genetic predisposition, aging, and host and environmental factors, but the magnitude of the contribution of each of them and the sequence of the pathogenic events are uncertain. Current evidence indicates that accumulated environmental exposures in a genetically predisposed individual, usually over 60 years of age, leads to phenotypic and functional alterations of the lung epithelium. Aberrant activation of epithelial cells results, through a complex release of numerous mediators, in the local expansion of peculiar subsets of aggressive fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which are crucial effector cells of fibrotic remodeling and loss of the normal lung architecture and function. Progressive increase of the mechanical stiffness activates cell-autonomous and matrix-dependent processes contributing to the perpetuation of the fibrotic response. This Perspective provides an integral overview of the major risk factors underpinning the pathogenesis of IPF, including gene variants, aging alterations, environmental factors, host risk factors, and epigenetic reprogramming.
Sulfur chemistry in crop protection (2004)

This review aims to give an overview of the significance of sulfur-containing compounds in chemical crop protection. The main sulfur-organic agrochemical compound classes are presented, and sulfur-containing natural products which exhibit pesticidal properties are also described. The special role of sulfur in propesticide action is explained. The certain advantages of replacing an isocyclic or N-heterocyclic ring by a sulfur heterocycle are demonstrated by means of different isosteric relationships. Some special contributions of Syngenta and its legacy companies to crop protection-related sulfur chemistry are shown.
Generation of Aβ38 and Aβ42 Is Independently and Differentially Affected by Familial Alzheimer Disease-associated Presenilin Mutations and γ-Secretase Modulation (2007)

Alzheimer disease amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) is generated via proteolytic processing of the beta-amyloid precursor protein by beta- and gamma-secretase. Gamma-secretase can be blocked by selective inhibitors but can also be modulated by a subset of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including sulindac sulfide. These drugs selectively reduce the generation of the aggregation-prone 42-amino acid Abeta(42) and concomitantly increase the levels of the rather benign Abeta(38). Here we show that Abeta(42) and Abeta(38) generation occur independently from each other. The amount of Abeta(42) produced by cells expressing 10 different familial Alzheimer disease (FAD)-associated mutations in presenilin (PS) 1, the catalytic subunit of gamma-secretase, appeared to correlate with the respective age of onset in patients. However, Abeta(38) levels did not show a negative correlation with the age of onset. Modulation of gamma-secretase activity by sulindac sulfide reduced Abeta(42) in the case of wild type PS1 and two FAD-associated PS1 mutations (M146L and A285V). The remaining eight PS1 FAD mutants showed either no reduction of Abeta(42) or only rather subtle effects. Strikingly, even the mutations that showed no effect on Abeta(42) levels allowed a robust increase of Abeta(38) upon treatment with sulindac sulfide. Similar observations were made for fenofibrate, a compound known to increase Abeta(42) and to decrease Abeta(38). For mutants that predominantly produce Abeta(42), the ability of fenofibrate to further increase Abeta(42) levels became diminished, whereas Abeta(38) levels were altered to varying extents for all mutants analyzed. Thus, we conclude that Abeta(38) and Abeta(42) production do not depend on each other. Using an independent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug derivative, we obtained similar results for PS1 as well as for PS2. These in vitro results were confirmed by in vivo experiments in transgenic mice expressing the PS2 N141I FAD mutant. Our findings therefore have strong implications on the selection of transgenic mouse models used for screening of the Abeta(42)-lowering capacity of gamma-secretase modulators. Furthermore, human patients with certain PS mutations may not respond to gamma-secretase modulators.
Der Parvovirus H1-induzierte Tumorzelltod verstärkt die humane Immunantwort über verbesserte Phagozytose, Ausreifung und Kreuzpräsentation von dendritischen Zellen (2015)

Einleitung: Bei soliden Tumoren könnte das human apathogene Parvovirus H1 als zytotoxische Waffe und zur Verstärkung der tumorgerichteten Immunantwort eingesetzt werden. H1 vermehrt sich im Tier fast ausschließlich in progredient wachsenden Tumoren und lysiert Tumorzellen. Wir konnten zeigen, dass das H1 Virus Zellen humaner gastrointestinaler Karzinome und Hepatome lysiert. Dagegen waren humane Immun- und Leberzellen für eine H1-Infektion und Zytotoxizität unempfindlich. Tumorzellysate setzten außerdem vermehrt immunologisch wirksame Stressproteine frei.
Analysis of the Indole Diterpene Gene Cluster for Biosynthesis of the Epoxy-Janthitrems in Epichloë Endophytes (2019)

Epoxy-janthitrems are a class of indole diterpenes with structural similarity to lolitrem B. Two taxa of asexual <i>Epichloë</i> endophytes have been reported to produce epoxy-janthitrems, <i>Lp</i>TG-3 (<i>Lolium perenne</i> Taxonomic Group 3; e.g., NEA12) and <i>Lp</i>TG-4 (e.g., E1). <i>Epichloë</i> epoxy-janthitrems are not well understood, the biosynthetic pathway and associated gene complement have not been described and while the literature suggests they are associated with superior protection against pasture insect pests and are tremorgenic in grazing mammals, these properties have not been confirmed using isolated and purified compounds. Whole genome sequence analysis was used to identify candidate genes for epoxy-janthitrem biosynthesis that are unique to epoxy-janthitrem producing strains of <i>Epichloë</i>. A gene, <i>jtmD</i>, was identified with homology to aromatic prenyl transferases involved in synthesis of indole diterpenes. The location of the epoxy-janthitrem biosynthesis gene cluster (JTM locus) was determined in the assembled nuclear genomes of NEA12 and E1. The JTM locus contains cluster 1 and cluster 2 of the lolitrem B biosynthesis gene cluster (LTM locus), as well as four genes <i>jtmD, jtmO, jtm01</i>, and <i>jtm02</i> that are unique to <i>Epichloë</i> spp. that produce epoxy-janthitrems. Expression of each of the genes identified was confirmed using transcriptome analysis of perennial ryegrass-NEA12 and perennial ryegrass-E1 symbiota. Sequence analysis confirmed the genes are functionally similar to those involved in biosynthesis of related indole diterpene compounds. RNAi silencing of <i>jtmD</i> and in planta assessment in host-endophyte associations confirms the role of <i>jtmD</i> in epoxy-janthitrem production. Using LCMS/MS technologies, a biosynthetic pathway for the production of epoxy-janthitrems I-IV in <i>Epichloë</i> endophytes is proposed.
An ultra-compact VHF CRLH-line bandpass filter less than (λg/19)2with a broad stopband (2015)

A VHF bandpass filter is designed to be extremely compact and working suitable for a lighter and high-fidelity T-DMB receiver. A super-small distributed element CRLH unit cell is devised based on the T-type equivalent circuit and the three blocks of the unit cell are cascaded by matching the neighboring impedances. Therefore, the overall footprint of the filter is less than (wavelength/19)x(wavelength/34), and the passband with low insertion- and return loss is obtained as demanded in the 180-MHz T-DMB service. Besides, this zeroth-order resonance filter shows an excellent performance of suppressing the spurious harmonics over a very broad stopband up to several GHz.
High-order Smith-Purcell radiation in Silicon Nanowires (2017)

We present experimental results demonstrating multiple order Smith-Purcell radiation in high aspect ratio Silicon Nanowires structures using low-energy electrons (2.5-10keV). These produce emission spanning the visible, paving the way to a fully tunable ultraviolet source.
Tailoring the response and temperature characteristics of multiple serial-coupled resonators in silicon on insulator (2007)

Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) has emerged as promising material choice for various integrated optoelectronic devices. Two issues make SOI attractive for complex optical systems: the cost reduction due to compatibility with CMOS technology and high refractive index contrast between core and cladding, which is an important property for good confinement of light and efficient guiding and coupling in sub-micron waveguides. However, for those devices that are intended to be part of broadband optical networks, for example multiplexers and de-multiplexers, it is desirable to demonstrate a high selectivity and a tunable response. Thus, it is necessary to provide wavelength selective elements with the ability to filter input data streams producing a large Free Spectral Range (FSR), a small Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM), and a high quality factor (Q), all conditions set by communication standards. Owing to the generic and adaptable operation, ring-resonator-types of filters in SOI are often considered as candidates to meet these demands. Herein two different designs are investigated from both experimental and modelling standpoints in order to tailor the filter transfer function. These are mutually coupled (Vernier) resonators and cascaded resonators based on small SOI photonic wires. Fabricated filters designed to provide a large FSR and a polarisation independent (PI) response are analysed and improvements proposed. Issues associated with temperature control of the transfer function have also been addressed.
Sub-Poissonian Photoelectron Statistics Produced Using Parametric Down-Conversion with Feedback (1986)

Sub-Poissonian photoelectron statistics have been produced by using the detection of down-converted photons in a trigger channel, having an electronic dead time, fed back to gate conjugate photoelectrons in a signal channel. With suitable choice of gate width and dead time a second factorial moment of the photo-electron count distribution as low as 0.4 has been achieved with considerable improvements in signal variance over equivalent Poisson sources. Suitable modification of the apparatus to produce sub-Poissonian photons rather than photoelectrons is described.
P4BFT (2019)

short-paper Share on P4BFT: A Demonstration of Hardware-Accelerated BFT in Fault-Tolerant Network Control Plane Authors: Ermin Sakic Siemens AG Munich, Germany Siemens AG Munich, GermanyView Profile , Cristian Bermudez Serna Siemens AG Munich, Germany Siemens AG Munich, GermanyView Profile , Endri Goshi Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany Technical University Munich, Munich, GermanyView Profile , Nemanja Deric Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany Technical University Munich, Munich, GermanyView Profile , Wolfgang Kellerer Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany Technical University Munich, Munich, GermanyView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGCOMM Posters and Demos '19: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2019 Conference Posters and DemosAugust 2019 Pages 6–8https://doi.org/10.1145/3342280.3342289Published:19 August 2019Publication History 2citation228DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads228Last 12 Months20Last 6 weeks7 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Anti-counterfeiting holographic liquid crystal gels with color and pattern control (2023)

Optically tunable and switchable reflection grating LC gels can be used in anti-counterfeiting materials for optical security and encryption. Reflection colors and patterns appear by applying an AC field and a DC field controls the holographic color of the samples.
Front Cover Picture: Rh‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of CO2 to Formic Acid in DMSO‐based Reaction Media: Solved and Unsolved Challenges for Process Development (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2/2019) (2018)

The front cover picture, provided by the teams of Bardow and Leitner, illustrates the interdisciplinary challenge for sustainable CO2 transformation ranging from the molecular transformation to the overall process design. The team of chemists and engineers exemplifies this for the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid, where the choice of the reaction medium is crucial both for catalyst performance and separation as well as for product isolation. More details on the solved and unsolved issues of the process concept under scrutiny are described in the full paper on pages 307–316 (C. M. Jens, M. Scott, B. Liebergesell, C. G. Westhues, P. Schäfer, G. Franciò, K. Leonhard, W. Leitner, and A. Bardow, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2019, 361, 307–316; DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801098).
<title>Network transcoder with seamless switching function</title> (2004)

In a surveillance system with a huge number of cameras, the number of videos to be transmitted and displayed is usually restricted by network bandwidth and the resource of display terminal. Given that the source video is captured at high quality, a network transcoder is used to send video with lower data rate as the default for ordinary scenes, while only extraordinary or unusual scenes are sent with higher quality. With such a scenario, it is necessary to switch from a low quality version of the video to a higher quality video with low latency and in a seamless manner. This paper presents a network transcoder that is able to change the content and the quality of videos seamlessly and with low latency. The novelty of the proposed scheme is possible to change the quality and camera in the same session. Moreover, this paper describes an RTSP enhancement that enables this dynamic transcoding function. Finally, an evaluation of the results is provided.
Adaptive interference suppression for direct sequence CDMA over severely time-varying channels (2002)

Recent work has shown that minimum mean squared error (MMSE) based adaptive interference suppression schemes have the potential of providing large performance and capacity gains over conventional reception for direct sequence (DS) CDMA systems. However, the applicability of such schemes to future cellular and PCS systems will depend on their ability to cope with the severe time variations characteristic of a wireless channel. We address this issue in the context of Rayleigh faded DS-CDMA signals. Our main results are as follows. (a) Standard decision directed (DD) MMSE adaptation following some initial training is unable to track a typical fading channel. (b) A modified DD (MDD) MMSE adaptation that exploits differential encoding and decoding to simplify the task of tracking is robust against fading and the near-far problem. (c) MDD-MMSE adaptation survives the arrival of new interfering transmissions even in the presence of a severe near-far problem. (d) The performance of the MDD-MMSE algorithm shows some deterioration when there are several rapidly fading independent multipath components, so that further investigation is needed for devising adaptive algorithms for this setting.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (2017)

Central serous is an atypical form of macular edema with mostly accumulation of fluid under the retina. It contitutes a pure phenotype of retinal pigment epithelium barrier breakdown. Another particularity is the good visual preservation despite important fluid volume increase in the macula.
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENTS OF PENICILLIN SULFOXIDES. 2. SPECTRAL DATA AND X‐RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF THE NOVEL IMIDAZO(5,1‐C)(1,4)THIAZINE RING SYSTEM (1981)

Abstract Aus den Penicillinsulfoxidestern (I) entstehen mit Ethoxycarbonylisocyanat (II) über diskutierte Zwischenstufen die Bicyclen (III), die zu (IV) solvolysiert werden.
Cell-Specific Effects of GATA (GATA Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Family)-6 in Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells on Vascular Injury Neointimal Formation (2019)

Objective- Transcription factor GATA (GATA zinc finger transcription factor family)-6 is highly expressed in vessels and rapidly downregulated in balloon-injured carotid arteries and viral delivery of GATA-6 to the vessels limited the neointimal formation, however, little is known about its cell-specific regulation of in vivo vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic state contributing to neointimal formation. This study aims to determine the role of vascular cell-specific GATA-6 in ligation- or injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia in vivo. Approach and Results- Endothelial cell and VSMC-specific GATA-6 deletion mice are generated, and the results indicate that endothelial cell-specific GATA-6 deletion mice exhibit significant decrease of VSMC proliferation and attenuation of neointimal formation after artery ligation and injury compared with the wild-type littermate control mice. PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)-B is identified as a direct target gene, and endothelial cell-GATA-6-PDGF-B pathway regulates VSMC proliferation and migration in a paracrine manner which controls the neointimal formation. In contrast, VSMC-specific GATA-6 deletion promotes injury-induced VSMC transformation from contractile to proliferative synthetic phenotype leading to increased neointimal formation. CCN (cysteine-rich 61/connective tissue growth factor/nephroblastoma overexpressed family)-5 is identified as a novel target gene, and VSMC-specific CCN-5 overexpression in mice reverses the VSMC-GATA-6 deletion-mediated increased cell proliferation and migration and finally attenuates the neointimal formation. Conclusions- This study gives us a direct in vivo evidence of GATA-6 cell lineage-specific regulation of PDGF-B and CCN-5 on VSMC phenotypic state, proliferation and migration contributing to neointimal formation, which advances our understanding of in vivo neointimal hyperplasia, meanwhile also provides opportunities for future therapeutic interventions.
Electronic properties of carbon nanotube (1994)

Abstract The electronic properties of purified carbon nanotube (multicylinder structure with an outer diameter of ≈ 20 nm and a length of ≈ 10 μm) was first examined based on the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. By the Raman scattering measurement, only one peak at 1581 cm −1 similar to that of graphite was found. The purified nanotube was almost ESR silent as well as the K- and the I 2 -doped samples. This indicates that the purified nanotube examined in the present study is a ‘clean’ semiconductor almost without magnetic impurity and is doping inactive.
Front Matter: Volume 10940 (2019)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10940, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, Author and Conference Committee lists
Modification of porous PVC particles with PS and P(St‐co‐MMA) using a surfactant‐free aqueous dispersion polymerization technique (2008)

Abstract The modification of suspension‐type porous polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles by an in situ stabilizer‐free polymerization/crosslinking of a monomer solution absorbed within the PVC particles is presented. The modifying polymers are polystyrene (PS) and poly(styrene‐ co ‐methyl methacrylate) (P(St‐ co ‐MMA)) crosslinked with divinyl benzene (DVB). The effect of the unique blending procedure on the physical and mechanical properties of PVC has been investigated. The modified PVC characterization includes polymerization yield, transparency, fracture surface morphology, thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties, tensile properties, and impact resistance. The polymer chains formed are dispersed as a separate phase observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), typical of immiscible polymer blends. Various morphologies induced by injection molding were observed including ellipsoid, bead‐and‐string, and thin threads morphologies, which depend on the characteristics of the components as well as the processing conditions. Thermal stability was generally increased by the incorporation of PS or P(St‐ co‐ MMA) in PVC. Mechanical properties of PVC/P(St‐ co ‐MMA) blend reveal a substantial increase in elongation at break; PVC/PS blends, however, exhibit a brittle failure. Rigidity and tensile strength of the PVC‐based blends were maintained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Fungal extracellular vesicles are involved in intraspecies intracellular communication (2021)

Abstract Fungal infections are associated with high mortality rates in humans. The risk of fungal diseases creates the urgent need to broaden the knowledge base regarding their pathophysiology. In this sense, the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been described to convey biological information and participate in the fungal-host interaction process. EVs play many roles, including cellular physiology, responding to environmental cues, mediating a complex circuit of cellular communication in bidirectional crosstalk with other organisms, and the communication between fungal cells has been speculated. This study demonstrated the intra species uptake of EVs in fungi, including Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus , and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis , and the effects triggered by EVs in fungal cells. In C. albicans , we evaluated the involvement of EVs in yeast to hyphae transition, whilst in P. brasiliensis and A. fumigatus the function of EVs as stress transducers was investigated. Both P. brasiliensis and A. fumigatus were exposed to an inhibitor of glycosylation or UV light, respectively. The results demonstrated the role of EVs in regulating the expression of target genes and phenotype features. The EVs treatment induced cellular proliferation and boosted the transition yeast to hyphal transition in C. albicans , while they enhanced stress signals in A. fumigatus and P. brasiliensis , establishing a role for EVs in fungal intra species communication. Thus, fungal EVs regulate the virulence and adaptive traits in fungal interaction systems as potent message effectors, and understanding their effects and mechanism(s) of action could be exploited in antifungal therapies. Author Summary Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in export systems. They act as vehicles for the transference of complex cargoes with broad biological functions, such as proteins, carbohydrates, pigments, nucleic acids, and lipids. EVs can contribute to fungal infection outcomes. The EV content exerts immunomodulatory functions during fungus-host interactions. Furthermore, the participation of EVs in communication between fungal cells has been speculated. This study investigated the capacity of EVs to mediate intra-species in three genera of human pathogenic fungi and established a regulatory function of EVs. We also assessed the features of this regulation by analyzing the cellular morphological aspects of fungi after stimulation with EVs. Our data suggest fungal EVs can function as potent signal mediators that mediate virulence and adaptive responses.
Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Tumor-Associated MICA Is Shed by ADAM Proteases (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Tumor-Associated MICA Is Shed by ADAM Proteases