gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spinal Implant With Adjustable and Nonlinear Stiffness (2011)

The human spine is a complex mechanism composed of both passive and active components. The nonlinear stiffness of the passive components provides mechanical stability to the system. There is a need for spinal implants that have nonlinear stiffness to provide this stabilization if the spine loses stiffness through injury, degeneration, or surgery. There is also a need for spinal implants to be customizable for individual needs. This paper proposes contact-aided inserts to be used with the FlexSuRe™ spinal implant to create a nonlinear stiffness. Moreover, different inserts can be used to create different behaviors. To show this effect an elliptical contact surface is considered and the inserts are varied by changing the semi-major axis of the elliptical section. An analytical model is introduced for insert design, and the model is verified by comparing the models force-deflection profiles to a finite element model and tests of physical prototypes. The models and experiments demonstrate that it is feasible to create a spinal implant that has a nonlinear stiffness, and that different inserts can be used with the base implant to customize the behavior for individual needs. The analytical model developed is a tool available for implant design.
ClusterLink: A Multi-Cluster Application Interconnect (2023)

Enterprises often deploy their business applications in multiple clouds as well as in multiple traditional environments. This work focuses on the connectivity aspects of this new way of operating and consuming digital services. We define the related requirements, analyze the challenges, and present ClusterLink, our solution for interconnecting today's and future multi-cloud applications.
Immunotherapy as part of a multidisciplinary approach to melanoma treatment (2006)

We have made tremendous advances in the earlier diagnosis and treatment of melanoma. Indeed, the early recognition and surgical management of thin primary cutaneous melanoma of less than 1.00 mm in Breslow's thickness has resulted in a >97% cure rate. For stage III and IV disease, our current treatment options are poor, with response rates well below 20% and only rare long-term responders noted. This is most clearly highlighted in a recent review by Rosenberg et al. who examined the role of immunotherapy in the treatment of patients with stage IV melanoma over a nine-year period. Overall, 96% of all patients had metastatic melanoma, utilizing a wide array of vaccine strategies including synthetic peptides, naked DNA, dendritic cells (DC) and recombinant viruses in patients with various advanced malignancies. They found that the overall objective response rate, utilizing conventional oncologic criteria for clinical tumor response, was only 2.6%. By combining the results of the Surgery Branch with the latter trials above, a total of 1,306 vaccine treatments have been given for an overall objective response rate of 3.3%. Such dismal results compel us to take a critical look at our current approach to tumor immunology and immunotherapy, with the intention of improving our current understanding of the complex interactions that occur within the tumor microenvironment. This in turn will provide us with new insight and direction as we design the next generation of vaccines for patients with advanced cancer and in particular melanoma.
Increasing the Pace of Technology Innovation and Application to Enable Climate Change Solutions (2010)

Abstract The timely deployment of existing technologies, and new technology innovation, is essential to meet the world's growing energy demand. The pace of technology change will be driven by multiple priorities including development and the eradication of energy poverty, the evolving geography of energy resources and demand, and the need to manage climate change risk. Even with the enormous rewards of technological progress, the pace of major technological change has historically been limited. However change between energy resources (e.g. from wood to coal) and major infrastructures (e.g. from rail to roads) have exhibited transitions of roughly 50 years for each step (inception to global deployment). For technology change to be rapid enough to manage climate risk effectively, may require a pace that is far more rapid than past experience. The creation of policy options to accelerate the pace will be critical. This paper presents findings from a workshop organized by IPIECA to examine issues that drive or inhibit the pace of technology innovation and application for addressing the climate change challenge.
Improved image uniformity in light sources with carbon field emitters (2002)

Recently, large-area carbon-based field emission (FE) cathodes have been demonstrated as viable candidates for vacuum electronics applications such as light sources, LCD backlights and pictorial indicators. Light sources shaped as electric bulbs and CRTs as well as planar lighting elements using carbon-based fibers, films or nanotubes have been successfully introduced. We present here two independent uniformity-enhancing solutions. The first is through the use of a new field-emissive material-reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) foam. A second uniformity-enhancing solution we present is the use of low-loss external Holographic Light Shaping Diffusers which enable uniform re-distribution of the scattered light coming from the field emission CL source.
Maximum likelihood based positioning and energy correction for pixelated solid state PET detectors (2011)

As part of a preclinical MR compatible small animal PET scanner, a compact block detector for gamma-ray detection has been developed. The block detector consists of a LYSO crystal array with 22 × 22 pixels and an array of 8 × 8 Silicon photomultiplier. An intermediate light guide enables positioning by light-sharing. Due to dark noise and variations of the photomultiplier gain and the light collection efficiency, the crystal identification and energy computation using the center of gravity method is erroneous. We propose an alternative positioning scheme that is based on maximizing the likelihood of the scintillation events. The method directly gives the index of the active crystal pixel and allows also to correct the registered gamma-ray energy. First studies show that the all-over energy resolution for one block detector is enhanced from about 28% to 15%. For the used data set, energy correction with the presented method clearly outperforms energy correction based on the center of gravity method.
A Depth Recording Technique of Degital Audio Signals for VTR. (1991)

This paper describes a depth recording technique for commercial VTR in which the digital audio signal and the video signal are recorded on the depth-multiplexed layer of a magnetic tape. Digital
Dielectric Behavior of the Relaxor Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 —PbTiO 3 Solid‐Solution System in the Microwave Region (1989)

Dielectric behavior of the relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 —PbTiO 3 solid‐solution system was studied from—50° to 200°C in the 100 to 12 × 10 9 Hz frequency region, and a broad dielectric relaxation was measured for compositions throughout the system. The relative microwave permittivity of the composition 0.9Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ·0.1 PbTiO 3 decreased by 1 order of magnitude from the 1‐MHz value of 11800, and similar decreases were observed for other compositions in the system. Dielectric loss (tan δ) values ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 at microwave frequency. The temperature of the broad dielectric constant maximum shifts toward higher values with increased frequency.
Full (3+1)D Split-Step Technique for Spatial Mode Analysis of White Light Generation in Bulk Kerr-Media (2015)

We present a novel full 3+1D split-step numerical model for white-light generation including all major physical effects. We present a detailed spatial mode analysis and derive imaging systems to re-shape the spatial distribution.
Using Lidar and Machine Learning to Identify Planetary Boundary Layer Heights (2019)

Accurate reporting of Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) height is critical for weather prediction, pollution studies, and air quality monitoring. The majority of aerosols are contained in the PBL, therefore accurate measurements of its height can result in a more accurate prediction of the volume for aerosol dispersion. For general circulation models in particular, accounting for the influence of the boundary layer, which has atmospheric dynamic and thermodynamic effects, has a direct impact on the accuracy of the prediction model. As reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, there are more than 900 Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) units in the United States collecting data pertaining to atmospheric data that includes Lidar data. Ceilometers are used to gather cloud base heights and Lidar backscatter. Typical techniques such as the gradient method, curve fitting, and the wavelet covariance transform method are used to estimate PBL heights from Lidar backscatter information. These methods can be problematic when residual layers are present or when cloudy conditions exist, resulting in discrepancies in estimations when compared with radiosonde measurements. A joint research effort between the Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology and the University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), is underway to show how machine learning could be used to automatically identify PBL heights using Lidar backscatter profiles. By processing backscatter profiles over time intervals as imagery, limited preliminary results using a machine learning approach, namely a deep neural network to identify edges in the image, have shown the machine learning method outperforms a double derivative method that included signal denoising, feature enhancements, and statistical averaging of consecutive mixing layer heights. Results from this study will provide a quantitative comparison between PBL heights obtained from radiosondes, a traditional wavelet method, and a method resulting from this research effort which entails deep transfer learning and edge detection.
Factors associated with obesity alter matrix remodeling in breast cancer tissues (2020)

Obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing breast cancer and with worse disease outcomes for women of all ages. The composition, density, and organization of the breast tissue stroma are also known to play an important role in the development and progression of the disease. However, the connections between obesity and stromal remodeling are not well understood. We sought to characterize detailed organization features of the collagen matrix within healthy and cancerous breast tissues acquired from mice exposed to either a normal or high fat (obesity inducing) diet. We performed second-harmonic generation and spectral two-photon excited fluorescence imaging, and we extracted the level of collagen-associated fluorescence (CAF) along with metrics of collagen content, three-dimensional, and two-dimensional organization. There were significant differences in the CAF intensity and overall collagen organization between normal and tumor tissues; however, obesity-enhanced changes in these metrics, especially when three-dimensional organization metrics were considered. Thus, our studies indicate that obesity impacts significantly collagen organization and structure and the related pathways of communication may be important future therapeutic targets.
Modeling of Temperature-Dependent MOSFET Aging (2019)

We have modeled MOSFET-device aging based on the trap-density increase, which is included in the Poisson equation to consider aging explicitly and physically correct. To preserve consistency, the Poisson equation is solved iteratively. Measured temperature dependence of aged I-V characteristics are well reproduced with implementation of this aging model into the industry-standard model HiSIM. The extracted physical device quantities with the developed model from measurements have been investigated to characterize the aging features. It is observed that the activation energy E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> as a function of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gs</sub> is nearly identical for non-aged and aged devices. This concludes that the temperature dependence of aging originates mostly from the temperature-dependent electrostatic potential, resulting in negligible temperature dependency of extracted trap density N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">trap</sub> . To generalize the conclusion, 2D-device simulation is investigated for a double-gate (DG) MOSFET with increased stress-induced trap density. The same results as obtained from measurements are achieved, namely the activation energy is nearly identical for either non-aged or aged cases. This concludes that the temperature dependence of device aging can be accurately predicted using the temperature-dependent I-V characteristics of non-aged device.
Aberrant D 1 and D 3 Dopamine Receptor Transregulation in Hypertension (2004)

Dopamine plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure by inhibition of sodium transport in renal proximal tubules (RPTs) and relaxation of vascular smooth muscles. Because dopamine receptors can regulate and interact with each other, we studied the interaction of D(1) and D(3) receptors in immortalized RPT cells and mesenteric arteries from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs). In WKY rats, the D(1)-like agonist, fenoldopam, increased D(3) receptor protein in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner (EC(50)=4.5x10(-9) M, t(1/2)=15.8 hours). In SHRs, fenoldopam (10(-5) M) actually decreased the expression of D(3) receptors. D(1) and D(3) receptor co-immunoprecipitation was increased by fenoldopam (10(-7) M/24 h) in WKY rats but not in SHRs. The effects of fenoldopam in CASMCs were similar as those in WKY RPT cells (ie, fenoldopam increased D(1) and D(3) receptor proteins). Both D(3) (PD128907, Emax=80%+/-6%, pED(50)=5+/-0.1) and D(1)-like receptor (fenoldopam, Emax=81%+/-8%, pED(50)=5+/-0.2, n=12) agonists relaxed mesenteric arterial rings. Co-stimulation of D(1) and D(3) receptors led to additive vasorelaxation in WKY rats, but not in SHRs. D(1) and D(3) receptors interact differently in WKY and SHRs. Altered interactions between D(1) and D(3) receptors may play a role in the pathogenesis of genetic hypertension, including human hypertension, because these receptors also interact in human vascular smooth muscle cells.
ChemInform Abstract: The Nitro‐Mannich Reaction and Its Application to the Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2‐Diamines. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
More on the covering radius of BCH codes (1996)

New lower bounds on the minimum length of t-error-correcting BCH codes with covering radius at most 2t are derived.
Serum estradiol is associated with lean mass in elderly Swedish men (2010)

Serum E(2), but not serum testosterone, is directly associated with lean mass in this large study of elderly Swedish men. In addition, serum SHBG is associated with central fat distribution and we confirmed that serum testosterone is inversely associated with fat mass.
DR1 doped sol-gel planar waveguides for nonlinear devices operating at telecommunications wavelengths (2001)

International audience
All-Electrical Control of Scaled Spin Logic Devices Based on Domain Wall Motion (2021)

Spin logic devices based on domain wall (DW) motion offer flexible architectures to store and carry logic information in a circuit. In this device concept, information is encoded in the magnetic state of a magnetic track shared by multiple magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) and is processed by DW motion. Here, we demonstrate that all-electrical control of such nanoscale DW-based logic devices can be realized using a novel MTJ stack. In addition to field-driven motion, which is isotropic, we show the directional motion of DWs driven by current, a key requirement for logic operation. Full electrical control of an AND logic gate using DW motion is demonstrated. Our devices are fabricated in imec's 300-mm CMOS fab on full wafers, which clears the path for large-scale integration. This proof of concept, thus, offers potential solutions for high-performance and low-power DW-based devices for logic and neuromorphic applications.
Chemical Constituents in the Leaves of Vateria indica (2010)

Comprehensive re-investigation of the chemical constituents in the leaves of Vateria indica (Dipterocarpaceae) resulted in the isolation of a novel resveratrol dimeric dimer having a C(2)-symmetric structure, vateriaphenol F (1), and two new O-glucosides of resveratrol oligomers, vateriosides A (2) (resveratrol dimer) and B (4) (resveratrol tetramer), along with a new natural compound (3) and 33 known compounds including 26 resveratrol derivatives. The absolute structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including two dimensional NMR and circular dichroism (CD) spectra.
Measurements of forward Raman scattering and electron acceleration from high intensity plasma interactions at 527nm (2000)

High-intensity laser–plasma interaction experiments were performed using high-power laser pulses (greater than 8 TW) at a wavelength of 527 nm. These pulses were focused to intensity greater than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> into underdense helium plasma at a density of 𝓃 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> ≤ 5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . Systematic examination of the forward Raman scattering instability was performed by measuring the spectrum of the forward scattered light. It was found that the three-wave instability occurs first, which then proceeds to a nonlinear regime involving four-wave processes. Measurements of the accelerated electron spectrum suggest that higher phase velocity plasma waves are generated than when using lower frequency light.
Focused Ion Beam Irradiation Induced Damages on CMOS and Bipolar Technologies (1998)

Abstract Focused Ion Beam is commonly used for IC repairs and modifications. However, FIB operation may also induce a damaging impact which can takes place far from the working area due to the charge-up phenomenon. A complete characterization joined to an in-depth understanding of the physical phenomena arising from FIB irradiation is therefore necessary to take into account spurious FIB induced effects and to enhance the success of FIB modifications. In this paper, we present the effects of FIB irradiation on the electrical DC performances of different electronic devices such as nMOS and pMOS transistors, CMOS inverters, PN junctions and bipolar transistors. From the observed behavior of the DC characteristics evolution of the devices, some suggestions about physical mechanisms inducing the electrical degradation are proposed.
EXTH-12. RADIATION ENHANCES MELANOMA RESPONSE TO IMMUNOTHERAPY AND SYNERGIZES WITH BENZODIAZEPINES TO PROMOTE ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITY (2019)

Abstract Melanoma brain metastases (MBM) occur in ~50% of advanced melanoma patients. It is unclear if systemic therapies synergize with radiotherapy (RT) and what the impact of RT timing has on efficacy. We find that RT followed by ICI (immune checkpoint inhibitors) (RTàICI) improves MBM patient survival compared to other combination strategies, also shown here in a murine melanoma model. RNA-seq of MBM tumors in the RTàICI group exhibit overrepresentation of genes implicated in NFKB signaling. There is also expression of GABAA receptor subunits across both treatment groups. We show that melanoma cells express functional GABAA receptors and that benzodiazepines impair tumor growth. Combination of sub-lethal RT doses with benzodiazepine results in significant ipsilateral and out of field abscopal anti-tumor activity, which is associated with enhanced tumor infiltration with poly-functional CD8 T-cells. This study provides evidence that RT enhances MBM response to ICI and synergizes with benzodiazepines to promote anti-tumor activity.
P1537High atrial pacing rate increases accuracy of atrioventricular delay optimization (2017)

interpreted with caution during substrate mapping.
Micronodular Adrenal Disease and the Syndrome of Myxomas, Spotty Skin Pigmentation, and Endocrine Overactivity (2001)

In recent years, two primary adrenal disorders affecting the adrenal cortex have been implicated in the pathogenesis of corticotropin (ACTH)-independent Cushing’ s syndrome (CS) (1). Primary pigmented adrenocortical disease (PPNAD), also known as “micronodular adrenal disease,” is a congenital disorder, which, in the majority of the reported cases, is associated with Carney complex. The complex is a multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome that affects the adrenal cortex and other endocrine glands, and is associated with abnormal pigmentation of the skin and mucosae, myxomas, and other neoplasms (2). Massive macronodular adrenocortical disease is another form of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, which leads to CS, but is not associated with any other clinical findings. Macronodular disease should be contrasted with PPNAD: It is not congenital, almost always occurs in older patients, and its etiology is unclear. Other forms of bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia distinct from PPNAD and not always associated with hypercortisolism include the lesions of the adrenal glands described in patients with the McCune-Albright and MEN type-1 syndromes (3,4). In this chapter, we will focus on PPNAD and Carney complex..
Is Kernel Code Different From Non-Kernel Code? A Case Study of BSD Family Operating Systems (2022)

Studies on software evolution explore code churn and code velocity at the abstraction level of a company or an entire project. We argue that this approach misses the differences among abstractions layers and subsystems of large projects. We conduct a case study on four BSD family operating systems: DragonFlyBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, to investigate the evolution of code churn and code velocity across kernel and non-kernel code. We mine commits for characteristics such as annual growth rate, commit types, change type ratio, and size taxonomy, indicating code churn. Likewise, we investigate code velocity in terms of code review periods, i.e., time-to-first-response, time-to-accept, and time-to-merge.Our study provides evidence that software evolves differently at abstraction layers: kernel and non-kernel. The study finds similarities in the code base growth rate and distribution of commit types (neutral, additive, and subtractive) across BSD subsystems, however, (a) most commits contain either kernel or non-kernel code, (b) kernel commits are larger than non-kernel commits, and (c) code reviews for kernel code take longer than non-kernel code.