gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lenalidomide Enhances Anti-Tumor Effect of γδ T Cells against Mantle Cell Lymphoma (2008)

Abstract Introduction: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has had one of the poorest prognoses of all NHL subtypes, and is characterized by a relatively short duration of response, progression-free survival, and time-to-progression, with most patients relapsing. The immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide has shown promising activity in MCL and currently is being investigated further in the clinic for treatment of this tumor. In previous experiments, lenalidomide stimulated proliferation as well as activation of γδ T cells in vitro. Potential mechanisms of lenalidomide’s anti-tumor activity in MCL were investigated here. Methods: As γδ T lymphocytes mediate anti-tumor effects through antigen recognition and intracellular signaling, we assessed the effect of lenalidomide on tumor cell expression of co-stimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules, as well as other immune response molecules, using microarray analysis. We then assessed the impact of these tumor cell changes on tumor-cell recognition by γδ T lymphocytes. We treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors with vehicle or lenalidomide. We next purified γδ T cells from control or lenalidomide treated PBMCs and co-cultured them with MCL cells. Results: Lenalidomide upregulated the expression of several genes involved in the immune response, cell adhesion, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, cell cycle and apoptosis by at least 2-fold. In the immune response category, co-stimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules were strongly up regulated including CD86, CD40, CD58, and CD1c. The lenalidomide-induced up-regulation of CD1c was confirmed in MCL lines by quantitative RT-PCR as well as flow cytometry and was also observed in primary B-CLL cells and normal B cells treated with lenalidomide ex-vivo. CD1c, a member of the CD1 family of MHC-like molecules, is expressed mainly in professional antigen-presenting cells, such as B cells, and mediates the presentation of lipid antigens to γδ T cells. Lenalidomide strongly promoted expansion of the Vδ1 subpopulation of γδ T cells and enhanced production of interferon-g. Treatment of MCL cells and γδ T cells with lenalidomide induced changes in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, re-localization of surface markers and enhanced the number of γδ T-MCL synapses. Furthermore, gd T cells, expanded in the presence of lenalidomide, had enhanced killing activity against MCL cells. Conclusion: Our studies show that lenalidomide might provide dual activity against MCL cells by inducing expression of CD1c in the tumor cells and by enhancing γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The therapeutic implications, as well as the prospects for novel biomarker development will be discussed further.
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells pave the road for a better understanding of motor neuron disease (2014)

While motor neuron diseases are currently incurable, induced pluripotent stem cell research has uncovered some disease-relevant phenotypes. We will discuss strategies to model different aspects of motor neuron disease and the specific neurons involved in the disease. We will then describe recent progress to investigate common forms of motor neuron disease: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, hereditary spastic paraplegia and spinal muscular atrophy.
Algebraic Dynamic Multilevel (ADM) Method For Simulations Of Multiphase Flow With An Adaptive Saturation Interpolator (2018)

Summary An Algebraic Dynamic Multilevel (ADM) method for simulations of multiphase flow in heterogeneous porous media with an adaptive enriched multiscale formulation for saturation unknowns is presented. ADM maps the fine-scale fully-implicit (FIM) discrete system of equations to a dynamic multilevel system, the resolution of which is defined based on the location of the fluid fronts. The map between the dynamic multilevel resolutions is performed algebraically by sequences of restriction and prolongation operators. While finite-volume restriction operators are necessary to ensure mass conservation at all levels, different interpolation strategies can be considered for each main unknown (e.g., pressure and saturation). For pressure, the multiscale basis functions are used to accurately capture the effect of fine-scale heterogeneities at all levels. In previous works, all other unknowns (e.g., saturation) were interpolated with piece-wise constant functions. Hence, the multiscale nature of saturation equation was not fully exploited. Here, an adaptive interpolation strategy, thus a multiscale transport formulation, is employed for the saturation unknowns that allows to preserve most details of the fine-scale saturation distribution even in regions where a coarser resolution is employed. In regions where the ratio between the coarse and the fine-scale saturation updates is detected to be constant throughout the time-dependent simulation, such ratio is stored and employed as interpolator for subsequent time-steps in which a coarser resolution is employed. Numerical results are presented to study the accuracy and efficiency of the method and the advantages of such interpolation strategy for test cases including challenging non-linear physics, i.e. gravitational and capillary effects.
Irritating effects of sodium lauryl sulfate on human primary keratinocytes at subtoxic levels of exposure (2018)

Chemical agents that can potentially cause skin irritation are typically tested in animal models or in vitro assays of cell viability or cytokine expression. However, these methods do not always provide translatable results and are not sufficiently sensitive for subtoxicity detection. Here, we introduce the mechanical properties of keratinocytes as novel endpoints for the safety assessment of chemical agents at the subtoxicity level. Human primary keratinocytes were treated with various concentrations of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and their biological properties (proliferation, membrane integrity, inflammatory response, and morphology) were observed. Their biomechanical and geometrical parameters (stiffness and surface roughness) were also investigated by atomic force microscopy. Keratinocyte morphophysiological changes and inflammatory responses were significant at ≥25 μM SLS. The keratinocytes became less stiff due to changes in the distribution of F-actin filaments and α-tubulin; these changes were significant even at lower doses of SLS (≤10 μM). The morphophysiological changes of keratinocytes were clearly seen at a relatively high dose of SLS, while the mechanical properties of keratinocytes responded linearly to SLS at lower doses. Therefore, changes in mechanical properties can be used as new endpoints for in vitro toxicity testing with keratinocytes.
Analysis of MV Cable Joints Equivalent Impedance and its Variation vs. Temperature (2019)

This paper presents a mathematical study along with the first preliminary results to correlate the equivalent impedance of a medium voltage cable-joint to its Tangent Delta value (i.e. its Dissipation Factor value). The failures of cable joints are a broad and current topic which is being investigated inside the electric engineering community. In the paper the results of both the study carried out to determine correlation between the joint impedance and its Tangent Delta value and the variation of this last one vs. temperature are presented.
The impact of time-of-flight timing resolution using clinical FDG patient data (2013)

The goal of the work was to understand the impact on clinical measures of timing resolution for time-of-flight (TOF) fully-3D iterative reconstruction. We compared TOF impact to that from use of a PET detector response model. Sixteen FDG-avid features in 13 whole-body FDG studies acquired on a TOF-capable PET/CT system were used. A NEMA image quality phantom was also studied for comparison and reconstruction timing kernel investigation. Image reconstruction settings for the patient data were typical of clinical use for each combination of reconstruction settings (TOF/PSF). The timing in the acquired PET coincidence data (550ps) was broadened to two degraded timing resolutions of 750ps and 950ps. In the resulting images, contrast was calculated as the ratio of FDG-avid feature standard uptake value (SUV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) to liver SUV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mean</sub> , The contrast was calculated for each feature and compared across reconstruction parameters (TOF/PSF) and with use of TOF at the three timing resolutions. Results: The average increase in feature contrast using TOF (vs. non-TOF) was 13% and 15% without and with PSF. The average increase in feature contrast using PSF (vs. no PSF) was 18% and 20% without and with TOF. When timing resolution of the patient data was degraded from 550 to 750 and 950ps, the average feature contrast fell 1.2% and 0.0% with no PSF and 4.9% and 7.6% with PSF. These trends agreed well with results found using the phantom. Functional fits to the data are suggestive of the magnitude of potential contrast gain with improvement in system timing resolution and use of PSF. Conclusion: Both TOF and PSF improve contrast as measured in the FDG-avid features. Including PSF together with TOF appears to further improve the feature contrast as the system timing resolution improves.
Emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene with two different amino-containing cationic monomers. I. Kinetic studies (1997)

The kinetics of emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene were investigated in the presence of two amino-containing monomers, aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride (AEMH) and vinyl benzyl amine hydrochloride (VBAH), using 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (V50) as a cationic initiator. At first the partition coefficient of AEMH and VBAH in a water-styrene mixture were measured, indicating a strong hydrophilicity for both monomers; kinetics of solution homopolymerization, as followed by 1H-NMR, in water provided high values at 4.0 and 1.75 (L mol−1 s−1)1/2 for AEMH and VBAH, respectively. The two monomers were found to similarly affect the kinetics of emulsion copolymerization of styrene: the overall polymerization rate and particle number increased dramatically upon increasing the functional monomer concentration; the average number of radicals per particle (n) was dependent upon the particle size, reaching a 0.5 value for particle size below 100 nm; and the molecular weight of polymer samples decreased with the functional monomer concentration, revealing the strong activity of VBAH and AEMH in the chain transfer. The polymerization mechanism in the presence of VBAH and AEMH was discussed, referring to the coagulation nucleation mechanism to explain the formation of a large particle number. Using the method proposed by Gilbert et al., transfer rate constants were determined for each monomer (around 10 L mol−1 s−1) and styrene (4.5 10−2 L mol−1 s−1). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 2315–2330, 1997
Emerging medical therapies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and for alcoholic hepatitis (2019)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are currently the two most common liver diseases in the world. Alcoholic hepatitis (AH), a unique clinical syndrome among ALD patients has high short-term mortality. Apart from controlling the risk factor for individual respective disease, there are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medical therapies for these diseases. Over the last 5-10 years, the field has extensively grown with many new targets being studied in randomized clinical trials for these diseases, with many of these drugs being tested in both the conditions. In this chapter, we will describe the novel therapeutic agents and current status of ongoing clinical trials with these agents for the treatment of NAFLD and/or AH.
Formation of Complex Organics from Acetylene Catalyzed by Ionized Benzene (2008)

We present direct evidence for low temperature associative charge transfer (ACT) reactions of acetylene onto the benzene cation that catalyze the conversion of acetylene molecules into polymerized cations and for high temperature addition/elimination reactions that lead to the generation of naphthalene-type ions. At low temperatures acetylene molecules bind noncovalently to the benzene cation, where partial charge transfer from the ion activates an acetylene molecule for addition polymerization with other associated acetylene molecules, thus amounting to catalytic cyclization/polymerization of the acetylene molecules. At high temperatures the barrier of the covalent addition of acetylene to the benzene cation to form a styrene-type ion is measured as 3.5 kcal/mol. The second acetylene addition followed by H elimination to form a naphthalene-type ion is calculated to be highly exothermic and without a barrier. These reactions can explain the formation of complex organics by gas phase ion-molecule reactions under a wide range of temperatures and pressures in astrochemical environments.
Effects of Electric Double Layer and Space Charge Polarization by Plural Kinds of Ions on Complex Dielectric Constant of Liquid Crystal Materials (1999)

The complex dielectric constant of a liquid crystal material, 4-cyano-4 ′ -alkyl-biphenyl (5CB), was measured in low-frequency regions below 1000 Hz. The anomalous increasing behavior was analyzed using an equivalent circuit which takes two kinds of contributions into account: one is from the electric double layer and the other is from the space charge polarization. It was found by numerical calculations that these two effects exhibit different dependences of dielectric dispersion on the thickness of a specimen, and both effects were successfully distinguished in the experimental results. In the analysis of the space charge polarization, the experimental results were best fitted by the calculated results with five kinds of ions in terms of the diffusion coefficient. These measurements can be applied to a precise determination of the attributes of plural kinds of ions, such as the diffusion coefficient and the number density.
Internal motions in yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA from carbon-13 NMR relaxation rates of modified base methyl groups: a model-free approach (1987)

Internal motions at specific locations through yeast phenylalanine tRNA were measured by using nucleic acid biosynthetically enriched in 13C at modified base methyl groups. Carbon NMR spectra of isotopically enriched tRNA(Phe) reveal 12 individual peaks for 13 of the 14 methyl groups known to be present. The two methyls of N2,N2-dimethylguanosine (m22G-26) have indistinguishable resonances, whereas the fourteenth methyl bound to ring carbon-11 of the hypermodified nucleoside 3' adjacent to the anticodon, wyosine (Y-37), does not come from the [methyl-13C]methionine substrate. Assignments to individual nucleosides within the tRNA were made on the basis of chemical shifts of the mononucleosides [Agris, P. F., Kovacs, S. A. H., Smith, C., Kopper, R. A., & Schmidt, P. G. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 1402-1408; Smith, C., Schmidt, P. G., Petsch, J., & Agris, P. F. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 1434-1440] and correlation of 13C resonances with proton NMR chemical shifts via two-dimensional heteronuclear proton-carbon correlation spectroscopy [Agris, P. F., Sierzputowska-Gracz, H., & Smith, C. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 5126-5131]. Values of 13C longitudinal relaxation (T1) and the nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOE) were determined at 22.5, 75.5, and 118 MHz for tRNA(Phe) in a physiological buffer solution with 10 mM MgCl2, at 22 degrees C. These data were used to extract two physical parameters that define the system with regard to fast internal motion: the generalized order parameters (S2) and effective correlation times (tau e) for internal motion of the C-H internuclear vectors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The relationship between inhibition of plasminogen-activator activity and prostatic involution (1988)

The role of plasminogen activators (PAs) as potential mediators of involution of the rat ventral prostate was investigated by using an approach involving the administration in vivo of anti-PA drugs. The prostates of castrated rats, which had been injected daily for 7 days with the anti-PA drugs 6-aminohexanoic acid, tranexamic acid, aprotinin and cortisol, were assayed for PA activity, weight and cell number. In the prostates from the castrated controls, there was a 10-fold increase in the mean PA activity and a 7-fold decrease in cell number relative to that of the non-castrated animals. Although this rise in enzyme activity could be decreased to some extent by all the drugs except aprotinin, only treatment with high doses of tranexamic acid or cortisol had a statistically significant effect. A similar pattern was observed with respect to the relative potency of the drugs in preventing the loss of prostatic weight and cell number after castration. The effects of cortisol were dose-dependent, with complete inhibition of both the rise in PA activity and cell loss occurring at a dose of about 15 mg/day. Since the concentration of the principal intranuclear androgen, dihydrotestosterone, was the same in the prostates from treated and untreated castrated rats, the effects of cortisol are not due to increased retention of this androgen. Rather, the high inverse correlation (r = 0.86) between the cellular concentration of PA activity and the cell population of the prostate implies that PAs are directly associated with prostatic involution and that cortisol, and to a lesser extent tranexamic acid, blocks the involution process through inhibition of PAs.
Resource Management for Multicore Aware Software Architectures of In-Car Multimedia Systems (2011)

With increasing hardware capabilities the demands on the functionality of user centric systems continuously expand. The next generation of automotive embed- ded systems is going to make use of multicore hardware architectures, which strongly enhances the computational power. This means a movement from concurrent to paral- lel computing. Although the competition for CPU time will decrease, other resources are not available in multiple instances. This raises the need for a management unit that controls access to resources other than the CPUs. Such a resource manager is able to utilise the capabilities of multicore hardware architectures for component based software systems more predictably. This paper builds a case for a resource sched- uler, identifies requirements and provides details of a prototype implementation. As an illustrative example, the domain of automotive multimedia/infotainment systems is used.
Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging: clinical applications beyond ischemia (2013)

Poster: ECR 2013 / C-1430 / Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging: clinical applications beyond ischemia by: Aragones, M. Medina Diaz, M. Caba Cuevas, S. Llorente Galan, L. Fernandez Fresno, M. A. Lopez Pino; Madrid/ES
Cancer Registration in the Arctic-A Useful Research Tool (1996)

"Cancer Registration in the Arctic-A Useful Research Tool." Acta Oncologica, 35(5), pp. 521–522
Quantifying coordination in multiple DOF movement and its application to evaluating 6 DOF input devices (1998)

Study of computer input devices has primarily focused on trial completion time and target acquisition errors. To deepen our understanding of input devices, particularly those with high degrees of freedom @OF), this paper explores device influence on the user's ability to coordinate controlled movements in a 3D interface. After reviewing various existing methods, a new measure of quantifying coordination in multiple degrees of freedom, based on movement efficiency, is proposed and applied to the evaluation of two 6 DOF devices: a free-moving position-control device and a desk-top rate-controlled hand controller. Results showed that while the users of the free moving device had shorter completion time than the users of an elastic rate controller, their movement trajectories were less coordinated. These new findings should better inform system designers on development and selection of input devices. Issues such as mental rotation and isomorphism vs. tools operation as means of computer input are also discussed.
A novel three-phase utility interface minimizing line current harmonics of high-power telecommunications rectifier modules (1997)

Based on the combination of a three-phase diode bridge and a DC/DC boost converter, a new three-phase three-switch three-level pulsewidth modulated (PWM) rectifier system is developed. It can be characterized by sinusoidal mains current consumption, controlled output voltage, and low-blocking voltage stress on the power transistors. The application could be, e.g., for feeding the DC link of a telecommunications power supply module. The stationary operational behavior, the control of the mains currents, and the control of the output voltage are analyzed. Finally, the stresses on the system components are determined by digital simulation and compared to the stresses in a conventional six-switch two-level PWM rectifier system.
Dynamics of the condensation reactions of C/sup +/ with C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ and C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ (1988)

The condensation reactions of C/sup +/ with C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ and C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ yielding new carbon--carbon bonds have been studied with crossed beam methods in the collision energy range from 0.5 to 1.5 eV. The data show that the reactions take place through short-lived collision complexes living a fraction of a rotational period. These results are shown to be consistent with schematic potential energy surfaces constructed from heats of formation and molecular structure calculations indicating that the large exothermicities of the reactions in comparison with the stabilities of intermediate C/sub 3/H/sup +//sub 4/ and C/sub 3/H/sup +//sub 2/ complexes should yield lifetimes in the 10/sup -13/ s regime. The data for C/sub 3/H/sup +//sub 2/ formation from the reaction of C/sup +/ with C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ suggest two distinct production channels. These results are consistent with photoion-photoelectron coincidence breakdown curves for C/sub 3/H/sup +//sub 2/ formation in the dissociative ionization of C/sub 3/H/sub 4/ isomers. The least exothermic reaction, C/sub 3/H/sup +/ from reaction with ethylene, shows behavior in closest agreement with statistical predictions, specifically product kinetic energy distributions that scale with the total energy accessible to the products. This result is also in qualitative agreement with the naturemore » of the potential energy surface mediating the reaction and lifetimes expected from the reaction energetics.« less
Fractionation and Quantification of β-Carotene and Vitamin A Derivatives in Human Serum (1969)

Abstract Concentrations of β-carotene, retinyl esters, retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid were determined quantitatively in human serum. Extraction of the compounds was accomplished with a petroleum ether-ethanol system and fractionation by thin-layer chromatography. Each fraction's absorbance was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and expressed as micrograms per 100 ml. By this method, 85% or more of individual premeasured standards and more than 69% of premeasured combined standards could be recovered. The levels of β-carotene and Vitamin A derivatives recovered from the serums of 10 males and 10 females compared favorably with those obtained with other methods. The procedure outlined is rapid, simple, and reproducible.