gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutagenesis of the Ha-ras oncogene in mouse skin tumors induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (1986)

The importance of mutational activation of the Ha-ras protooncogene in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced mouse skin tumors was investigated in a complete carcinogenesis model using repetitive applications of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), or in an initiation-promotion model using a single application of dibenz[c,h]acridine (DB[c,h]ACR) or benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]BP) followed by chronic treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. DNA isolated from carcinomas induced by DMBA or DB[c,h]ACR, but not by B[a]P, efficiently transformed NIH 3T3 cells, and a high percentage of the transformed foci had an amplified Ha-ras gene. Restriction enzyme Southern blot analysis and DNA sequencing revealed that the amplified Ha-ras genes of the transformants had an A----T transversion in the second position of the 61st codon. The same mutation was also detected in primary tumor DNA in a high percentage of the DMBA- or DB[c,h]ACR-induced carcinomas. Identification of the mutation in NIH 3T3 cells transformed with DNA from DB[c,h]ACR-induced benign skin papillomas suggests that it is an early event in skin carcinogenesis. Thus, mutation of the 61st codon of the Ha-ras-1 gene appears to be a critical step in the formation of mouse skin tumors induced in both of the two models tested. Our analyses also delineate two other classes of hydrocarbon-induced carcinomas--namely, tumors whose DNAs efficiently transform 3T3 cells but do not contain mutated ras genes and tumors whose DNAs do not transform 3T3 cells.
Augmented Dual-Band Digital Predistorter for Reducing Cross-Band Intermodulation Distortion Using Predictive Injection Technique (2016)

In this paper, an augmented dual-band digital predistortion (DPD) technique for reducing the cross-band intermodulation distortion (IMD) using predictive injection technique is proposed to address some of the shortcomings of dual-band DPDs. The technique alleviates the need to observe the cross-band third-order IMD (IMD3) terms in the feedback loop by predicting the distortion terms and generating synthetic signals, which are then injected at the transmitter side. To highlight the issue, the wideband and dual-band DPD architectures and their respective limitations are briefly outlined. The theory behind the proposed concept is developed, and practical measurements performed using a Class AB power amplifier driven by a long-term evolution signal are provided to support the theory. The results obtained show that the proposed method achieves promising performance in mitigating the cross-band IMD3 issue faced by dual-band DPDs. This technique can be extended to mitigate higher order cross-band distortion as well.
Finite-amplitude Alfvén waves in a dissipative inhomogeneous plasma (1995)

The effects of an inhomogeneous background magnetic field and resistivity on finite-amplitude Alfvén waves are studied in terms of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation. It is shown that a weak inhomogeneity in the background magnetic field introduces a perpendicular shear in the resulting waves. This causes the waves to split apart, and a longitudinal current, which increases linearly in time, is produced as a consequence. Resistivity, however, restricts this unbounded growth of current and causes the waves and the current to decay exponentially at later times. The connection of these results to previous results on the Alfvén continuum and low-frequency current drive are discussed in the paper. In the paper the effects of resistivity on the modulational instability of time harmonic solutions of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation are also explored. Both numerical and analytical results indicate that resistivity will decrease the growth rate of envelope perturbations. At large enough values, it can even suppress the perturbations.
Expert Commentary (1998)

See also: Tumor-Specific Immediate Reconstruction in Breast Cancer PatientsSemin Plast Surg 1998; 11(01): 71-100DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1080243
Hemodynamic Activation of β-Catenin and T-Cell-Specific Transcription Factor Signaling in Vascular Endothelium Regulates Fibronectin Expression (2011)

These data reveal novel constitutive activation of the endothelial β-catenin/TCF signaling pathway in atherosclerosis and regulation of fibronectin through hemodynamic shear stress.
High Resolution IntraArterial Imaging with Optical Coherence Tomography (1996)

Current cardiovascular imaging technologies lack the resolution to accurately identify patients at high risk for acute myocardial infarction and sudden death. This study assesses the feasibility of a recently developed imaging technology, optical coherence tomography(OCT), to provide high resolution imaging of coronary microstructure. Imaging of in vitro human tissue was performed, demonstrating its ability to identify high risk coronary plaques. Its performance was also directly compared with high frequency ultrasound (IVUS), the current clinical technology with the highest resolution. The 16 micron axial resolution of OCT allowed a far superior analysis of plaque microstructure compared with the 110 micron resolution of IVUS. OCT represents an attractive technology for high resolution intravascular imaging due to its high resolution, high contrast, and ability to be integrated with intravascular catheters.
Hydrophobic coatings using atomic layer deposition and non-chlorinated precursors (2004)

This paper describes an alternative method of depositing hydrophobic coatings on MEMS devices using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and non-chlorinated hydrophobic precursors. First, a thin film of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ is deposited via ALD and is used as a seed layer to prepare and optimize the MEMS surface for the attachment of the hydrophobic precursors. Subsequently, non-chlorinated alkylsilanes are chemically bonded to the surface hydroxyl groups on the ALD seed layer. This technique results in a dense and ordered hydro-phobic film with a water contact angle of 108/spl plusmn/2/spl deg/. Using MEMS cantilever beam arrays, hydrophobic ALD coated beams were determined to have an adhesion energy of 0.11/spl plusmn/0.03 mJ/m/sup 2/ at 100% humidity as compared to the same beams without coating of 12/spl plusmn/1 mJ/m/sup 2/.
Increased amplifier efficiency by matching the area of the doped fiber region with the fundamental fiber mode (2006)

A significant improvement in the efficiency of high power large-mode area fiber amplifiers is demonstrated by improving the overlap of the doped region with the fundamental mode of the fiber
Synthesis and properties of new polyamides derived from 2,2-bis[4-[2-(4-aminophenoxy)ethoxy]phenyl]sulfone by direct polycondensation (1999)

A series of new polyamides containing both sulfone and oxyethylene moieties in the polymer chain was prepared by the direct polycondensation of the diamine monomer 2,2-bis[4-[2-(4-aminophenoxy)ethoxy]phenyl]sulfone (BAEPS) and various aromatic dicarboxylic acids in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents. Polymers were produced with inherent viscosities of 0.30–0.60 dl/g and identified by elemental analysis, and infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Most of the polymers were readily dissolved in polar solvents such as NMP, dimethylsulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide and m-cresol at room temperature. Polymers containing rigid and symmetric p-phenylene, naphthalene and p-biphenylene moieties revealed a crystalline nature and showed no solubility in organic solvents. These polyamides had 10% weight loss temperatures ranging between 423 and 465 °C in nitrogen atmosphere and glass transition temperatures between 170 and 305 °C. The polymers with crystallinity nature exhibited melting endotherms (Tm) below 386 °C in differential scanning calorimetry trace. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new method to quantify tau pathologies with 11C-PBB3 PET using reference tissue voxels extracted from brain cortical gray matter (2016)

The number is UMIN000009052.
Pressure dependence of the superconductor transition temperature ofCa(Fe1−xCox)AsFcompounds: A comparison with the effect of pressure onLaFeAsO1−xFx (2010)

We performed systematic investigation of pressure effect on superconductivity in $\text{Ca}({\text{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Co}}_{x})\text{AsF}$. Pressure-induced superconductivity was observed for $x=0.0$ after suppression of the antiferromagnetically ordered orthorhombic phase at the critical pressure ${P}_{\text{c}}\ensuremath{\sim}5\text{ }\text{GPa}$. Unlike the pressure effect on ${T}_{\text{c}}$ in F-doped LaFeAsO, all the Co-doped superconductors show no marked enhancement, which is less than 1 K. Consequently, the highest ${T}_{\text{c}}$ among $\text{Ca}({\text{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Co}}_{x})\text{AsF}$ was obtained in parent compound. These results suggest that Co doping suppresses superconductivity. The maximum ${T}_{\text{c}}$ observed in parent compound is higher than that in LaFeAsO, suggesting that CaFeAsF is considered as a candidate parent compound for realizing higher ${T}_{\text{c}}$.
Single-cell RNA profiling links ncRNAs to spatiotemporal gene expression during C. elegans embryogenesis (2020)

Recent studies show that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can regulate the expression of protein-coding genes and play important roles in mammalian development. Previous studies have revealed that during C. elegans (Caenorhabditis elegans) embryo development, numerous genes in each cell are spatiotemporally regulated, causing the cell to differentiate into distinct cell types and tissues. We ask whether ncRNAs participate in the spatiotemporal regulation of genes in different types of cells and tissues during the embryogenesis of C. elegans. Here, by using marker-free full-length high-depth single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technique, we sequence the whole transcriptomes from 1031 embryonic cells of C. elegans and detect 20,431 protein-coding genes, including 22 cell-type-specific protein-coding markers, and 9843 ncRNAs including 11 cell-type-specific ncRNA markers. We induce a ncRNAs-based clustering strategy as a complementary strategy to the protein-coding gene-based clustering strategy for single-cell classification. We identify 94 ncRNAs that have never been reported to regulate gene expressions, are co-expressed with 1208 protein-coding genes in cell type specific and/or embryo time specific manners. Our findings suggest that these ncRNAs could potentially influence the spatiotemporal expression of the corresponding genes during the embryogenesis of C. elegans.
The value of sequencing germline DNA for accurate determination of somatic mutations in large-panel next-generation-sequencing-based tumor testing. (2015)

e22162 Background: Targeted, highly multiplexed gene analysis using next generation sequencing is an emerging method of screening tumors for therapeutically actionable mutations. An important question in the design of such tests is whether it is sufficient to sequence only the tumor DNA or if there is benefit to also analyzing normal DNA from each patient in order to identify somatic variants based on their absence in the normal sequence. Methods exist for in silico identification of somatic variants in tumor-only sequences, including filtering away common germline variants found in public databases and other methods. In this work, we attempted to address this question in an ongoing data analysis of tumors that had been subjected to paired tumor-normal testing using a large panel sequencing test. Methods: DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded solid tumors and matched normal (from blood) were sequenced using a 560-gene panel which utilizes a custom oligonucleotide bait capture (Agilent, Inc.) as part of library preparation and Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencers. Following standard base calling and alignment methods, somatic variant calling was performed either jointly using paired tumor and normal sequences or from tumor-only sequences followed by filtering against genomic variants. Variants were then assigned therapeutic actionability using a human-curated literature-based rules engine database. Results: In an ongoing analysis of > 50 tumors, we found an average of > 3 false positives per report generated using the tumor-only analysis. Overall, > 90% of reports had at least one false positive when tumor-only analysis was applied. Conclusions: We believe these results demonstrate the value of performing matched tumor-normal analysis when conducting large panel genomic tumor testing for the accurate reporting of somatic mutation.
The oxygen-sensor PHD2 in chondrocytes modifies bone mass by regulating cartilage collagen processing (2010)

status: Published
Elastic network functions: opportunities and challenges (2015)

Network function virtualization (NFV) and software defined networking (SDN) are key technology enablers for cost reductions and new business models in networking. The possibility to automatically and dynamically scale network services at run time is one of the main claims of NFV. Elastic NFV could be similar to what elastic cloud services provide for compute, with pay-per-use cost models for customers. However, control of resources for elastic services is far from trivial. We show how current NFV and SDN architectures could support elastic resource services for network functions (NFs). We reveal that the current NFV architecture does not allow recursive resource orchestration, therefore preventing resource scaling requests from being handled by a resource orchestrator overseeing the entire domain where an NF is executed. We introduce a logical centralization of joint compute and network resource orchestration as a UNIFY framework, which enables direct control of elastic resources for the NFs. We show opportunities and challenges associated with such an architecture.
Early intraaortic balloon pumping for anterior myocardial infarction without shock. (1978)

Eleven patients with anterior myocardial infarction less than six hours old underwent intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) in an attempt to control injury. Direct hemodynamic measurements excluded shock. Response to therapy was judged individually by comparison to a one-hour pretreatment period. There was no parallel control group. Five patients responded with an 84% fall in ST elevation in one hour, with preservation of precordial R waves and good ventricular function. In contrast, six patients responded poorly, with a 40% fall in ST elevation in one hour, Q wave development and poorer residual left ventricular function. Coronary angiography demonstrated a significant correlation between response and presence or absence of complete left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Early use of IABP in anterior myocardial infarction may interrupt injury, though in this series only in cases with residual left anterior descending patency.
Kinetik und Reaktionstechnik der Synthese ionischer Flüssigkeiten (2005)

Abstract Ionische Flüssigkeiten (Ionic Liquids, ILs) sind neuartige Lösungsmittel mit vielfältigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten, z. B. in der Katalyse und in Trennprozessen. Bisher werden ILs vor allem in Laborbatch‐Reaktoren hergestellt. Die dadurch eingeschränkte Verfügbarkeit und der immer noch relativ hohe Preis stehen einer technischen Anwendung häufig noch entgegen. Eine Verbesserung der Herstellung durch ein möglichst kontinuierliches Verfahren ist daher wünschenswert. Im Beitrag werden die grundsätzlichen Syntheserouten, die Kinetik und die Reaktionstechnik der IL‐Synthese diskutiert, insbesondere im diskontinuierlichen Rührkessel und im Rohrreaktor. Dazu werden beispielhaft Untersuchungsergebnisse zur Synthese von 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazoliumchlorid ([BMIM]Cl) und von 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazoliumethylsulfat ([EMIM][EtSO 4 ]) herangezogen, da sich beide Synthesen bzgl. der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit, des Phasenverhaltens und der Notwendigkeit einer sehr guten Wärmeabfuhr deutlich unterscheiden.
Ion Enhancement (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Concept of a thin film memory transistor based on ZnO nanoparticles insulated by a ligand shell (2011)

In this work, we report on the synthesis and the electrical properties of ZnO nanoparticles, which differ in their organic shell. The introduction of a 2-ethylhexanoate shell instead of a common acetate shell has an impact on the accessible size of the ZnO nanoparticles and changes the electrical properties of thin films in transistors. While acetate covered ZnO particles behave as a semiconductor with an electron mobility of 0.38 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), the 2-ethylhexanoate ligand shell inhibits a charge transport resulting in insulating films (with an average ε(r) = 9.4). These films can be reconverted to semiconductive layers by removing the ligand shell with oxygen plasma treatment or they can be used as a solution processed dielectric layer in organic transistors. Its use as dielectric allows low voltage device operation and shows potential application as a charge storage layer as needed in non-volatile memory transistors.
Lasing from InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots with extended wavelength and well-defined harmonic-oscillator energy levels (1998)

Data are presented on the lasing transitions from InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots that exhibit four well-resolved energy transitions, with the electronic state density of a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator. Lasing has been obtained on the second and third transitions, depending on the cavity (gain) length, with the longest lasing wavelength measured to be 1.19 μm. The temperature dependence of threshold is studied and regions of nearly temperature-independent threshold are found. Interesting aspects of the unique electronic state density for lasers are discussed.
Scanning Magnetoresistance Microscopy Analysis of Bit Patterned Media Playback (2011)

A scanning magnetoresistance microscope (SMRM) was used to enable recording experiments on bit patterned media prototypes not yet suitable for spin-stand evaluation. The SMRM generates a 2D playback response of the media by “dragging” a recording head across the sample using a piezoelectric nanopositioner. A large-scale parameter optimization technique is applied to extract relevant parameters such as pulse amplitude, pulse width, and pulse position from the 2D playback response. The parameters were analyzed to learn that the pulse response of our recording head cannot be accurately modeled as a Gaussian function. The error in the optimized parameters is dominated by intertrack interference and to a lesser extent measurement resolution and thermal drift.
Thoughts on quality-control systems: a laboratorian’s perspective (1997)

State-of-the-art prospective quality-control systems entail the use of medically relevant, analyte-specific quality control limits. With analyte-specific limits broader than those generally used in the clinical laboratory, there will be fewer false rejections, fewer unnecessary reanalyses, and shorter delays in run reporting. If the analyte-specific limits are narrower than those used in the laboratory, more errors will be detected, but the user is at risk of identifying errors over which s/he and the manufacturer have little control. The use of various patient data quality-control algorithms is described. Conservatism is stressed in adopting manufacturers' guidelines for surrogate, nondestructive quality-control testing. A simple, optimized approach is suggested for the systematic retrospective review of proficiency data. Finally, an approach is presented for converting from older, previously accepted quality control procedures to more efficient analyte-specific quality control.
Failure to Thrive in the Context of Carney Complex (2017)

Pediatric patients with CNC may present with FTT whose primary cause is variable and includes CS due to PPNAD, hepatic involvement, and other manifestations of CNC. FTT due to liver disease and/or other causes is a unique new presentation of this rare syndrome with which clinicians need to be familiar.
Post-Contextual-Bandit Inference (2021)

Contextual bandit algorithms are increasingly replacing non-adaptive A/B tests in e-commerce, healthcare, and policymaking because they can both improve outcomes for study participants and increase the chance of identifying good or even best policies. To support credible inference on novel interventions at the end of the study, nonetheless, we still want to construct valid confidence intervals on average treatment effects, subgroup effects, or value of new policies. The adaptive nature of the data collected by contextual bandit algorithms, however, makes this difficult: standard estimators are no longer asymptotically normally distributed and classic confidence intervals fail to provide correct coverage. While this has been addressed in non-contextual settings by using stabilized estimators, the contextual setting poses unique challenges that we tackle for the first time in this paper. We propose the Contextual Adaptive Doubly Robust (CADR) estimator, the first estimator for policy value that is asymptotically normal under contextual adaptive data collection. The main technical challenge in constructing CADR is designing adaptive and consistent conditional standard deviation estimators for stabilization. Extensive numerical experiments using 57 OpenML datasets demonstrate that confidence intervals based on CADR uniquely provide correct coverage.
Noise robust speech recognition using Gaussian basis functions for non-linear likelihood function approximation (2002)

One approach to achieving noise and distortion robust speech recognition is to remove noise and distortion with algorithms of low complexity prior to the use of much higher complexity speech recognizers. This approach has been referred to as cleaning. In this paper we present an approach for speech cleaning using a time-varying, non-linear probabilistic model of a signals log Mel-filter-bank representation. We then present a new non-linear probabilistic inference technique and show results using this technique within the probabilistic cleaning model. In this approach we represent distributions for underlying noise, speech and channel characteristics as Gaussian mixtures and use Gaussian basis functions to model the non-linear likelihood function. This allows us to efficiently compute complex multi-modal probability distributions over speech and noise components of the underlying signal. We show how this method can be used to clean speech features and present results using the Aurora 2 speech recognizer trained on clean speech data. We present competitive initial results from a minimum mean square error version of this approach for a subset of the Aurora 2 noisy digits recognition tasks.