gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exclusion regions via handshaking protocol for inter-cell interference management (2011)

We study the definition of exclusion region through handshake control bursts. The RTS/CTS (request to send/clear to send) bursts that typically take part in the handshake between the radio transmitter and receiver are a perfect medium for sounding their surroundings. Therefore, they can be utilized for setting exclusion regions - geographical areas protecting the active receivers from interference. This combination is particularly interesting for low-cost interference management among indoor cellular wireless networks with no deployment coordination. We propose an interconnection of these principles, creating thus a synchronized protocol that defines the size of exclusion regions via interference prediction from received powers of RTS and CTS control bursts. Performance of the protocol is evaluated analytically for a setup with two links and full load and by the means of simulations for a higher number of links and variable load. Both capacity and fairness are higher than with uncoordinated deployment. Within the simulated scenario the results show that predicting the interference from RTS bursts is sufficient, leading to smaller overhead and no dependence on channel reciprocity.
Measurement of $|V_{cb}|$ with $B_s^0 \to D_s^{(*)-} \mu^+ \nu_{\mu}$ decays (2020)

The element $|V_{cb}|$ of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix is measured using semileptonic $B_s^0$ decays produced in proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb$^{-1}$. Rates of $|V_{cb}|$ with $B_s^0 \to D_s^{-} \mu^+ \nu_{\mu}$ and $|V_{cb}|$ with $B_s^0 \to D_s^{*-} \mu^+ \nu_{\mu}$ decays are analyzed using hadronic form-factor parametrizations derived either by Caprini, Lellouch and Neubert (CLN) or by Boyd, Grinstein and Lebed (BGL). The measured values of $|V_{cb}|$ are (41.4±0.6±0.9±1.2)×10$^{-3}$ and (42.3±0.8±0.9±1.2)×10$^{-3}$ in the CLN and BGL parametrization, respectively. The first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third is due to the external inputs used in the measurement. These results are in agreement with those obtained from decays of B$^+$ and B$^0$ mesons. They are the first determinations of $|V_{cb}|$ at a hadron-collider experiment and the first using $B_s^0$ meson decays.
Build-up and two-step relaxation of internal stress in jammed suspensions (2014)

We perform experiments on jammed suspensions of microgels with different constituent properties to determine their stress relaxation behavior on flow cessation. We observe that the stress relaxes through a two-step process: A rapid initial relaxation where internal stresses are trapped followed by a much slower decay. Trapped internal stresses are related to the solvent viscosity, particle elasticity, and volume fraction through a universal scaling. The second slower relaxation of the internal stress is characterized by a single exponential decay, which is independent of the preshear stress and relatively insensitive to the material properties of the microgel suspension. Particle-scale simulations are used to understand the microscopic mechanisms which drive the amplitude and the kinetics of the stress relaxation as well as the local particle dynamics in each regime. The rapid initial relaxation occurs through ballistic particle motion, where the number of contacts and average compression return to their static values but the asymmetry of the pair distribution function remains as a signature of the internal stress.
Polymers by the reaction of bis(pyrylium salts) with diamines: A novel approach to ionene polymers (1988)

Abstract The following reactions of pyrylium salts with amines are described: (1) bis (pyrylium salts) with amines; (2) diamines with pyrylium salts; and (3) bis (pyrylium salts) with diamines. Both (1) and (2) give bis (pyridinium salts) in high yields, and (3) gives the corresponding polymers which are isolated and characterized. This procedure was applied to cationic bis (pyrylium salts) to give cationic dimers and polymers, and further to zwitterionic bis (pyrylium salts) to yield the corresponding zwitterionic dimers and polymers.
Conduit design with expanding diameter for enhanced flow (2023)

Conduits are commonly used for treating lesions in arteries and veins. The conventional stents are cylindrical in shape, which increases flow resistance with length. This study presents a design of stents and conduits where the conduit caliber expands gradually to reduce resistance while avoiding flow separation. Inflow was provided from a header tank at two different pressures (i.e., 10 and 25 mm Hg pressure) into a cylindrical or expanding conduit. The initial conduit calibers were 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-mm and 160-, 310-, and 620-mm lengths in each case. The flow rates of expanding caliber conduits (at a rate of r<sup>4-6</sup>/cm where r is the initial conduit radius) were compared to traditional cylindrical conduits of constant radius. The expanded caliber yields a significantly increased flow of 16-55% for R<sup>4</sup>/L expansion, 9-44% for R<sup>5</sup>/L expansion, and 1-28% for R<sup>6</sup>/L expansion. Simulated flow models using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were used to validate and expand the experimental findings. Flow separation was detected for certain simulations by flow pathlines and wall shear stress (WSS) calculations. The results showed that a caliber expansion rate of r<sup>6</sup>/cm is the optimal rate of expansion for most potential applications with minimum flow separation, lower resistance, and increased flow.
Modulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 by PPAR activators in human preadipocytes (2001)

Cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) is responsible for the release of arachidonic acid, a precursor for eicosanoid biosynthesis, from cellular phospholipids. The objective of this study is to examine the regulation of cPLA(2) by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activators in preadipocyte SW872 (SW) cells. PPAR belong to the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors that heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor. In this study, the presence of both PPARalpha and PPARgamma was confirmed in SW cells by positive identification of their mRNA in the cellular homogenate. Clofibrate, a PPARalpha activator, caused an enhancement of ionophore A-23187-induced arachidonate release in SW cells. This increase resulted from an enhancement of cPLA(2) activity, which was caused by an increase in enzyme protein. Clofibrate at lower concentrations (10-200 microM) produced increases in the mRNA levels of cPLA(2) in a dose-response manner. At higher concentrations (>400 microM), clofibrate treatment resulted in the attenuation of the cPLA(2) mRNA level and protein expression. We postulate that clofibrate, acting through the PPARalpha, caused an induction in the transcription of cPLA(2) gene, which led to an increase in the cPLA(2) protein. The observed increase in arachidonate release in SW cells appeared to be a direct result of the enhanced cPLA(2) activity.
Conception d'un Amplificateur de Puissance à 24GHz pour Application Radar Automobile (2008)

Ces dernières années ont vu croitre les questions de sécurité dans le domaine de l'automobile. Parallèlement, on observe une augmentation drastique de l'utilisation de l'électronique embarquée dans les véhicules. Cette électronique répond à des facteurs de précision, de fiabilité mais aussi de faible cout de production. C'est pourquoi, on cherche à développer des systèmes réalises en technologie BiCMOS SiGe adaptes a ces contraintes. Cet article présente un amplificateur de puissance dédié aux radars automobiles. Il expose la conception et des simulations d'un circuit complètement intégré sur silicium à 24 GHz.
Magnetic Nanostructure-Loaded Bicontinuous Nanospheres Support Multicargo Intracellular Delivery and Oxidation-Responsive Morphological Transitions (2020)

Magnetic nanostructures (MNS) have a wide range of biological applications due to their biocompatibility, superparamagnetic properties, and customizable composition that includes iron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and Mn<sup>2+</sup>. However, several challenges to the biomedical usage of MNS must still be addressed, such as formulation stability, inability to encapsulate therapeutic payloads, and variable clearance rates in vivo. Here, we enhance the utility of MNS during controlled delivery applications via encapsulation within polymeric bicontinuous nanospheres (BCNs) composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-<i>block</i>-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-<i>b</i>-PPS) copolymers. PEG-<i>b</i>-PPS BCNs have demonstrated versatile encapsulation and delivery capabilities for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic payloads due to their unique and highly organized cubic phase nanoarchitecture. MNS-embedded BCNs (MBCNs) were thus coloaded with physicochemically diverse molecular payloads using the technique of flash nanoprecipitation and characterized in terms of their structure and in vivo biodistribution following intravenous administration. Retention of the internal aqueous channels and cubic architecture of MBCNs were verified using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering, respectively. MBCNs demonstrated improvement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement (<i>r</i><sub>2</sub> relaxivity) as compared to free MNS, which in combination with scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy evidenced the clustering and continued access to water of MNS following encapsulation. Furthermore, MBCNs were found to be noncytotoxic and able to deliver their hydrophilic and hydrophobic small-molecule payloads both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the oxidation sensitivity of the hydrophobic PPS block allowed MBCNs to undergo a unique, triggerable transition in morphology into MNS-bearing micellar nanocarriers. In summary, MBCNs are an attractive platform for the delivery of molecular and nanoscale payloads for diverse on-demand and sustained drug delivery applications.
The spacer peptide between human immunodeficiency virus capsid and nucleocapsid proteins is essential for ordered assembly and viral infectivity (1995)

Morphogenesis of retroviruses involves ordered assembly of the structural Gag- and Gag-Pol polyproteins, with subsequent budding from the plasma membrane and proteolytic cleavage by the viral proteinase (PR). Two cleavage sites exist between the capsid (CA) and nucleocapsid (NC) domains of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 Gag polyprotein which are separated by a 14-amino-acid spacer peptide of unknown function. To analyze the role of the two cleavage sites and the spacer peptide, both sites were individually mutated and a deletion mutation that precisely removes the spacer peptide was constructed. Following transfection of proviral DNA carrying the point mutations, mutant polyproteins were synthesized and assembled like wild-type polyprotein, and release of particles was not significantly altered. Both mutations abolished cleavage at the respective site and reduced or abolished viral infectivity. Deletion of the spacer peptide severely affected ordered assembly and reduced particle release. The extracellular particles that were released exhibited normal density but were heterogeneous in size. Electron micrographs revealed large electron-dense plaques underneath the plasma membrane of transfected cells which appeared like confluent ribonucleoprotein complexes arrested early in the budding process. Extracellular particles exhibited very aberrant and heterogeneous morphology and were incapable of inducing viral spread. These particles may correspond to membrane vesicles sequestered by the rigid structures underneath the cell membrane and not released by a regular budding process.
Coupled Graphs and Tensor Factorization for Recommender Systems and Community Detection (2018)

Joint analysis of data from multiple information repositories facilitates uncovering the underlying structure in heterogeneous datasets. Single and coupled matrix-tensor factorization (CMTF) has been widely used in this context for imputation-based recommendation from ratings, social network, and other user-item data. When this side information is in the form of item-item correlation matrices or graphs, existing CMTF algorithms may fall short. Alleviating current limitations, we introduce a novel model coined coupled graph-tensor factorization (CGTF) that judiciously accounts for graph-related side information. The CGTF model has the potential to overcome practical challenges, such as missing slabs from the tensor and/or missing rows/columns from the correlation matrices. A novel alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is also developed that recovers the nonnegative factors of CGTF. Our algorithm enjoys closed-form updates that result in reduced computational complexity and allow for convergence claims. A novel direction is further explored by employing the interpretable factors to detect graph communities having the tensor as side information. The resulting community detection approach is successful even when some links in the graphs are missing. Results with real data sets corroborate the merits of the proposed methods relative to state-of-the-art competing factorization techniques in providing recommendations and detecting communities.
HBV Burden on Population, a Comparative Study between Two Districts Mardan and Charsadda of KPK, Pakistan (2018)

The purpose of this study is to check out the spread rate of Hepatitis B Virus in the districts of Mardan and Charsadda, KPK Pakistan. As we know that Hepatitis results in damaging liver tissues, so it is one of the serious threats to the human health across the world. Hepatitis can give rise to acute and chronic infection which give rise to Liver cancer or Liver cirrhosis. It may be transfer from one person to another. Its transmission routs are oral, fecal and parental. The purpose of this paper is to check and judge health condition. Blood serum was collected from Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan and District Head Quarter, Charsadda. The paper was design to calculate anti-HBV antibody positive patients with ICT(immune-chromatography technique)based detection among various patients in MMC Mardan and DHQ hospital Charsada and from various regions of Mardan and Charsadda, KPK Pakistan. Total of 10852 patients of HBV in Charsadda and 14168 patients of HBV in Mardan. The blood samples were collected from Oct 2017 to May 2018 from both districts of KPK. The method for testing blood sample was ICT (immune chromatography technique). Our study about 10852 patients in district Charsadda who were at the risk of HBV infection, 103 were screened positive with the prevalence ratio of 0.949%. On the other hand, 14168 patients`s samples were collected in district Mardan, among them 149 were detected positive and ratio of prevalence is 1.051%. According to the above study the ratio of prevalence is lower in Charsadda as compare to Mardan
Phosphorylation-regulated endoplasmic reticulum retention signal in the renal outer-medullary K + channel (ROMK) (2005)

The renal outer-medullary K+ channel (ROMK; Kir1.1) mediates K+ secretion in the renal mammalian nephron that is critical to both sodium and potassium homeostasis. The posttranscriptional expression of ROMK in the plasma membrane of cells is regulated by delivery of protein from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cell surface and by retrieval by dynamin-dependent endocytic mechanisms in clathrin-coated pits. The S44 in the NH(2) terminus of ROMK1 can be phosphorylated by PKA and serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase-1, and this process increases surface expression of functional channels. We present evidence that phosphorylation of S44 modulates channel expression by increasing its cell surface delivery consequent to suppression of a COOH-terminal ER retention signal. This phosphorylation switch of the ER retention signal could provide a pool of mature and properly folded channels for rapid delivery to the plasma membrane. The x-ray crystal structures of inward rectifier K+ channels have shown a close apposition of the NH(2) terminus with the distal COOH terminus of the adjacent subunit in the channel homotetramer, which is important to channel gating. Thus, NH(2)-terminal phosphorylation modifying a COOH-terminal ER retention signal in ROMK1 could serve as a checkpoint for proper subunit folding critical to channel gating.
Embedded Sapphire Optical Fiber Sensor Development for Harsh Environments (2018)

Single crystal sapphire fiber sensors have been embedded in an aluminum alloy component fabricated via the ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) process. To demonstrate feasibility of distributed temperature measurements with the embedded fibers, a recently developed Raman scattering based sensing scheme was utilized to obtain the distributed Stokes and anti-Stokes intensity measurements as a function of distance along the fiber upon selectively heating the fiber embedded components to various temperatures.
Channelopathies of inwardly rectifying potassium channels (1999)

Mutations in genes encoding ion channels have increasingly been identified to cause disease conditions collectively termed channelopathies. Recognizing the molecular basis of an ion channel disease has provided new opportunities for screening, early diagnosis, and therapy of such conditions. This synopsis provides an overview of progress in the identification of molecular defects in inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels. Structurally and functionally distinct from other channel families, Kir channels are ubiquitously expressed and serve functions as diverse as regulation of resting membrane potential, maintenance of K(+) homeostasis, control of heart rate, and hormone secretion. In humans, persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy, a disorder affecting the function of pancreatic beta cells, and Bartter's syndrome, characterized by hypokalemic alkalosis, hypercalciuria, increased serum aldosterone, and plasma renin activity, are the two major diseases linked so far to mutations in a Kir channel or associated protein. In addition, the weaver phenotype, a neurological disorder in mice, has also been associated with mutations in a Kir channel subtype. Further genetic linkage analysis and full understanding of the consequence that a defect in a Kir channel would have on disease pathogenesis are among the priorities in this emerging field of molecular medicine.
Electrically controlled light scattering from thermoreversible liquid-crystal gels (2000)

Thermoreversible gels of the liquid-crystal LC-E7 with 1,3:2,4-Di-O-benzylidene-D-sorbitol (DBS) form white light-scattering films that are reversibly switchable to a clear state by ac electric fields. The light scattering by the gelled films is an intrinsic material property that originates in the phase diagram of the system displaying a monotectic-type equilibrium (“mesotectic”) among a liquid, a solid, and a mesophase at extremely low concentrations of DBS. Electro-optical characteristics and demonstrated viscoelastic behavior of the films produced indicate the applicability of DBS/LC-E7 in large area scattering-based flat panel displays and projection systems.
Implants for Cost-Effective and Accessible Treatment of Gynecologic and Gastrointestinal Cancer Metastasis by Local and Sustained Low-Dose Chemotherapy (2016)

Abstract 46 Gynecologic and gastrointestinal malignancies are two of the most prevalent cancer types in low and middle- income countries (LMICs), affecting more than 2 million individuals and killing more than 1 million patients annually. These malignancies at an advanced stage metastasize locally but extensively; this spread is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting 60-80% of patients in LMICs. Localized chemotherapy can benefit survival of patients with such metastases. Localized chemotherapy is, however, essentially unattainable in resource-limited settings, even though many chemotherapy agents are on the WHO list of essential medicines and are currently off patent. This is because of the high cost of, and frequent hospitalizations required under, the current regimen, as well as the morbidity of bolus dosing. Continuous, low-dose chemotherapy via a locally implanted device can address these adoption barriers. Previous attempts to create implants for localized chemotherapy delivery have been hindered by poorly controlled drug release and inhibiting form factors. This work explores the development of a nonresorbable and laparoscopically deployable implant to administer continuous low-dose chemotherapy. The feasibility of chemotherapy using the proposed implant in LMICs is assessed using physician interviews and literature reviews. Tissue-like silicone elastomers are used to create a matrix-type drug delivery implant that minimizes soft tissue irritation and risk of rupture while allowing laparoscopic manipulation. The synthesis and drug release profile of the silicone-based matrix are characterized for small hydrophilic active agents. Configurations allowing implant deployment through laparoscopic instruments are explored. Proof-of-concept controlled release of a hydrophilic small molecule from a lipophilic, tissue-like silicone elastomer that can be scaled to human form factors is thus established. Localized, low-dose chemotherapy delivered via a fully implantable device holds promise to dramatically reduce the cost and resources necessary for treating advanced-stage gynecologic and gastrointestinal malignancies in LMICs, improving cancer patient outcomes in resource-limited settings. AUTHORS’ DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Aikaterini Mantzavinou No relationship to disclose Michael J. Cima Leadership: T2 Biosystems, MicroChips Biotechnologies, Taris BioMedical Stock or Other Ownership: T2 Biosystems, MicroChips Biotechnologies, Taris BioMedical Research Funding: Pfizer Patents, Royalties, Other Intellectual Property: Too many to describe (over 50 patents) Expert Testimony: Apotex Laura Melanie Tanenbaum Patents, Royalties, Other Intellectual Property: System and Method for Sterile Sheathing of a Medical Probe
Fixed and Mobile Convergence: Which Role for Optical Networks? (2015)

The current level of pooling and sharing between fixed and mobile infrastructures is not sufficient to allow the most efficient use of network resources, whether fixed, mobile, or Wi-Fi. In the perspective of 5G networks, efficient resource sharing of fixed and mobile infrastructures, called structural convergence, will be essential in the path toward an integrated fixed and mobile network. This structural convergence is being triggered by different architecture trends, e.g.,&#xA0;baseband unit hostelling and mobile fronthaul technologies, heterogeneous radio access networks, and, most importantly, a unified optical access and aggregation network. The COMBO European project is studying architectural options for structural convergence leveraging on the aforementioned technological triggers and in particular on the evolution of optical access and aggregation technologies. These architectural options are described and analyzed with respect to anticipated needs for integrated fixed and mobile networks.
Constructing classifiers of expensive simulation-based data by sequential experimental design (2015)

Sequential experimental design for computer experiments is frequently used to construct surrogate regression models of complex blackbox simulators when evaluations are expensive. The same methodology can be used to train classifiers of labeled data which is expensive to obtain. For certain problems classification can be a more appropriate method to obtain a solution with fewer samples.
Enhanced performance of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes grown on volcano-shaped patterned sapphire substrates with embedded SiO2 (2015)

This paper describes highly efficient InGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on volcano-shaped patterned sapphire substrates with embedded SiO<sub>2</sub> (SVPSS).