gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First Demonstration of 25λ × 10 Gb/s C+L Band Classical / DV-QKD Co-Existence Over Single Bidirectional Fiber Link (2023)

As quantum key distribution has reached the maturity level for practical deployment, questions about the co-integration with existing classical communication systems are of utmost importance. To this end we demonstrate how the co-propagation of classical and quantum signals can benefit from the development of novel hollow-core fibers. We demonstrate a secure key rate of 330 bit/s for a quantum channel at 1538 nm in the presence of 25 × 10 Gb/s classical channels, transmitted at an aggregated launch power of 12 dBm, spanning over the C+L-band in the same hollow-core fiber link. Furthermore, we show the co-integration of the classical key-distillation channel onto this fiber link, turning it into a bidirectional fiber link and thereby mitigating the need for multiple fibers. We believe this to be an important step towards the deployment and integration of hollow-core fibers together with DV-QKD for the inherently secure telecom network of the future.
Characterisation techniques for special optical fibres (1988)

Special optical fibres are introduced with the emphasis on rare-earth-doped fibres and fibres with crystal-like properties. Characterisation techniques for these types of fibre are discussed and several applications are described. In particular, optical time-domain reflectometry is used to demonstrate a distributed temperature sensor based on the temperature dependence of the absorption in rare-earth-doped fibres. Further, energy transfer between ytterbium and erbium is characterised and an erbium fibre laser sensitised with ytterbium is demonstrated. Finally, techniques for the creation of crystal-like properties in optical fibres are developed and second-order nonlinear phenomena in these fibres are analysed both experimentally and theoretically.
Timeline: Vaccines. (2020)

Infectious diseases killed hundreds of million people, made empires and civilizations vulnerable, and recently took away our freedom to go out, walk, work, travel, meet friends, and visit relatives during the Covid-19 lockdown. Vaccination freed humans from most of infectious diseases of the past. By starting with a virus grown in a cow, vaccination has been propelled by new technologies such as viral growth in eggs and cell culture, chemical conjugation, recombinant DNA, genomics, and synthetic biology. The revolutionary progress in science and technologies increases the confidence that vaccines will continue to provide solutions for the wellbeing of modern society.
Urodynamic and molecular characteristics of detrusor underactivity in a rat cryoinjury model and effects of low energy shock wave therapy (2017)

The cryoinjury of rat detrusor models myogenic DU, which is partially reversed by LESW. LESW may afford a simple, non-invasive modality to facilitate tissue regeneration and improve voiding function in myogenic detrusor underactivity.
Structure Determination Using 19F NMR: A Simple Fluorination Experiment of Cinnamyl Alcohol (1995)

Described here is the nucleophilic substitution of a hydroxyl group, in cinnamyl alcohol, by fluorine, and analysis of the product using 19-F NMR spectroscopy. This experiment brings important innovations to the teaching of experimental organic chemistry at the undergraduate level. The fluorination of cinnamyl alcohol requires only a mild fluorinating agent and so it provides the student with a direct contact with organofluorine, chemistry. The allylic nucleophilic substitution typified by our experiment will enhance the instruction of nucleophilic substitution in the laboratory, traditionally limited to SN1 or SN2 substitutions. Because the ratio of SN2 to SN2' derived products cannot be determined directly using 1-H NMR spectroscopy but it can be measured easily using 19-F NMR spectroscopy. The experiment gives the student a firsthand experience of the usefulness of NMR spectra of different nuclei.
Optimal Minimum Euclidean Distance-Based Precoder for NOMA With Finite-Alphabet Inputs (2019)

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme with Gaussian input signals, which have no constellation constraint on the input alphabets, has been investigated intensively, whereas the research on finite input constellations is relatively few. This paper focuses on the power allocation in practical NOMA application with finite-alphabet inputs. We propose a practical power allocation scheme for downlink NOMA scenario based on the merit of maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance (MMED) by adopting the constellation-constrained (CC) capacity. Applying the nearest neighbor approximation and Jensen's inequality, we prove that optimal CC capacity can be achieved under the MMED criterion at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Instead of updating power allocation coefficient instantaneously, a preset fixed power factor α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MMED</sub> derived from the MMED criterion is preferred and thus reduces the complexity of overall system implementation. We take two cases into consideration, namely, Gaussian broadcast channel (GBC) and fading broadcast channel (FBC). We model close channel conditions, which are challenging for conventional NOMA as the GBC scenario, and model near-far effect as well Rayleigh fading as the FBC scenario. In these two cases, we show that the optimal performance can be guaranteed at high SNR without the knowledge of channel state information (CSI). We study the power coefficient pairs for the most commonly used Mary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) constellations based on the MMED criterion. We explore the relationship between the power allocation coefficients and the sizes of constellations. The numerical simulations on CC sum capacity and capacity regions are provided to validate our analysis.
The use of mechanism-based inactivators to probe the mechanism of monoamine oxidase (1991)

Conference Article| February 01 1991 The use of mechanism-based inactivators to probe the mechanism of monoamine oxidase Richard B. Silverman Richard B. Silverman 1Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1991) 19 (1): 201–206. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0190201 Article history Received: August 29 1990 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Richard B. Silverman; The use of mechanism-based inactivators to probe the mechanism of monoamine oxidase. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1991; 19 (1): 201–206. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0190201 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: MAO, monoamine oxidase This content is only available as a PDF. © 1991 Biochemical Society1991 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Induction of Calcium Influx in Cortical Neural Networks by Nanomagnetic Forces (2016)

Nanomagnetic force stimulation with ferromagnetic nanoparticles was found to trigger calcium influx in cortical neural networks without observable cytotoxicity. Stimulated neural networks showed an average of 20% increment in calcium fluorescence signals and a heightened frequency in calcium spiking. These effects were also confined spatially to areas with engineered high magnetic field gradients. Furthermore, blockage of N-type calcium channels inhibited the stimulatory effects of the nanomagnetic forces, suggesting the role of mechano-sensitive ion channels in mediating calcium influx.
Nucleophilic attacks on low LUMO compounds. Part 5. Radical-anionic nature of the transition state in the Michael addition reaction (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleophilic attacks on low LUMO compounds. Part 5. Radical-anionic nature of the transition state in the Michael addition reactionZeev. Gross and Shmaryahu. HozCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 22, 7489–7493Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00230a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00230a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coxsackievirus-B4 Infection of Human Primary Pancreatic Ductal Cell Cultures Results in Impairment of Differentiation into Insulin-Producing Cells (2019)

Coxsackievirus-B4 (CV-B4) E2 can persist in the pancreatic ductal-like cells (Panc-1 cell line), which results in an impaired differentiation of these cells into islet-like cell aggregates (ICA). In this study, primary pancreatic ductal cells obtained as a by-product of islet isolation from the pancreas of seven brain-dead adults were inoculated with CV-B4 E2, followed-up for 29 days, and the impact was investigated. Viral titers in culture supernatants were analyzed throughout the culture. Intracellular viral RNA was detected by RT-PCR. Levels of ductal cell marker CK19 mRNA and of <i>insulin</i> mRNA were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The concentration of c-peptide in supernatants was determined by ELISA. Ductal cells exposed to trypsin and serum-free medium formed ICA and resulted in an increased insulin secretion. Ductal cells from five brain-dead donors were severely damaged by CV-B4 E2, whereas the virus persisted in cultures of cells obtained from the other two. The ICAs whose formation was induced on day 14 post-inoculation were scarce and appeared tiny in infected cultures. Also, <i>insulin</i> mRNA expression and c-peptide levels were strongly reduced compared to the controls. In conclusion, CV-B4 E2 lysed human primary pancreatic ductal cells or persisted in these cells, which resulted in the impairment of differentiation into insulin-producing cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Nanoparticles for Biology and Medicine (2010)

Abstract Review: 127 refs.
A method to accelerate creation of plasma etch recipes using physics and Bayesian statistics (2017)

Next generation semiconductor technologies like high density memory storage require precise 2D and 3D nanopatterns. Plasma etching processes are essential to achieving the nanoscale precision required for these structures. Current plasma process development methods rely primarily on iterative trial and error or factorial design of experiment (DOE) to define the plasma process space. Here we evaluate the efficacy of the software tool Recipe Optimization for Deposition and Etching (RODEo) against standard industry methods at determining the process parameters of a high density O<sub>2</sub> plasma system with three case studies. In the first case study, we demonstrate that RODEo is able to predict etch rates more accurately than a regression model based on a full factorial design while using 40% fewer experiments. In the second case study, we demonstrate that RODEo performs significantly better than a full factorial DOE at identifying optimal process conditions to maximize anisotropy. In the third case study we experimentally show how RODEo maximizes etch rates while using half the experiments of a full factorial DOE method. With enhanced process predictions and more accurate maps of the process space, RODEo reduces the number of experiments required to develop and optimize plasma processes.
Abstract 4546: Variability analysis of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (2012)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: HCC is a highly vascular, rapidly fatal cancer and antiangiogenic drugs have shown clinical benefit despite lack of radiographic tumor shrinkage. We standardized imaging methods to assess HCC in the woodchuck animal model (Marmota monax). This is a large unique animal model of spontaneous HCC with several similarities to human Hepatitis b(HBV) related HCC and such studies would allow utilization of this model to assess the functional changes with currently used targeted therapies. METHODS: Fourteen woodchucks infected at birth with known titers of sera from a chronic infectious pool of chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), which is similar in structure and replicative function to HBV. Serial measurement of WHV antigen titers was conducted. Chronic WHV infection occurred in greater than 60% of woodchucks by 12 months. The WHV carrier woodchucks were screened with serial ultrasound and ten animals which developed HCC at a median age of 24- 36 months were included. Mediports were placed in the femoral vein under aseptic precautions for intravenous (IV) contrast administration. DCE-MRI methods for assessment of woodchuck HCC blood flow and size were optimized in a 1.5T magnet human head coil and IV gadolinium injected at 5cc per second using a rapid injector. Four variables - the median Ktrans, median AUCBN90, necrotic volume (NV) and total volume (TV) were analyzed by Virtualscopics using published methods. A total of 44 images were obtained, 32 were included in the study. Death due to disease progression or missing paired data resulted in exclusion of 12 images. Statistical analysis: We performed a variability analysis by calculating the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). This coefficient was calculated for all four variables and compared at different time points. RESULTS: The CCC calculated for images obtained on day 1 and day 8 images was 0.85 for Ktrans, 0.59 for AUCBN90, 0.93 for NV and 0.99 for TV. Strong concordance was seen in 3 of the 4 DCE-MRI variables recorded a week apart. This lack of change over an 8-day period is expected with this cancer. We also compared CCC for day 8 and day 14 with Ktrans 0.76, AUCBN 0.6, NV 0.76, TV 0.89 showing less agreement than day 1 and 8. When compared to day 14 and day 30 CCC for different variables were Ktrans 0.59, AUCBN90 0.38, NV 0.82, TV 0.85, suggesting a downward trend with increasing time. Our data using this technique is able to identify clinically relevant changes in tumor size with little variability in short interval scanning. CONCLUSION: This is the first study validating the accuracy of DCE-MRI in a translational animal model for HCC and has potential to aid development of newer antiangiogenic therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4546. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4546
Detection of incipient pancreatic cancer with novel tumor-specific antibodies in mouse models (2020)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy, as 90% of patients do not survive beyond five years from diagnosis. This dismal prognosis is largely due to the advanced stage of the disease at diagnosis, which precludes potentially curative surgical resection. Although early detection strategies hold significant promise for improving patient outcomes, there is still no accurate diagnostic tool to detect incipient PDAC. Here, we sought to develop antibodies for the early detection of PDAC by positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging. Accordingly, we establish a pipeline to generate novel tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against cell-surface proteins of PDAC patient-derived organoids (PDOs). We identify a panel of 16 tumor organoid-binding antibodies (TOBi-bodies) that display high reactivity to human PDAC tissues but not to matched adjacent normal pancreas. We then employ biochemical, flow cytometric, mass spectrometric, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout methods to determine the cognate antigens of these TOBi-bodies. We identify two mAbs that bind to tumor-specific variants of the surface protein CEACAM6 and show minimal binding to normal tissues. PET imaging in mouse models using these TOBi-bodies enables the detection of incipient human organoid-derived PDAC tumors that are rather undetectable by palpation or high-resolution ultrasound imaging techniques. We propose that further development of these mAbs as PET radiotracers could facilitate the early detection and accurate staging of PDAC.
Modeling and Simulation of an M1 Abrams Tank with Advanced Track Dynamics and Integrated Virtual Diesel Engine∗ (1999)

Abstract New capabilities for simulating a tracked vehicle are presented, including an advanced dynamic track model, a high-fidelity diesel engine system model, and an integration scheme to perform a coupled simulation of vehicle/powertrain dynamics. These capabilities are essential for understanding the interplay of vehicle dynamics and powertrain dynamics, including track vibration (and durability). Suspension response and engine performance. The dynamic track model considers the track as an equivalent continuum and captures longitudinal and transverse track vibrations, static sag, and superposed translation. A low-order discrete model is developed by employing modal track coordinates. The continuum approximation for the track is validated through experiments on a representative track span. This track model is extended and implemented into a commercial multibody dynamics code—DADS—through development of a new user-support-force element that integrates the track element with the vehicle hull and suspension system. A range of dynamic track models results that allows one to tailor the degrees of freedom to a selected frequency range of interest in order to balance computational cost and accuracy. A virtual diesel engine model is developed as a tool to investigate the possible replacement of the current gas turbine engine used in the MI Abrams tank. This study demonstrates the power of this simulation tool for evaluating new vehicle concepts prior to prototyping and manufacturing. The engine model is developed within the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Therefore, the integrated vchicle/powertrain model requires the coordination of two coupled models that reside in distinct simulation environments. To achieve this integration, a new numerical method—referred to as the leading-following approach—is developed, based on an explicit predictor-corrector scheme. This approach allows independent simulation environments to be coupled, offers easy extension to multiple applications, promotes efficient simulations, and requires only simple implementations of the software interfaces compared to the conventional master-slave integration approach. Numerical examples are reviewed in the paper, to highlight capabilities of the fully integrated simulation of a diesel-powered MI tank.
Proceedings of the 2022 New Security Paradigms Workshop (2022)

James Baldwin says: “though we would like to live without regrets, and sometimes proudly insist that we have none, this is not really possible, if only because we are mortal”. The field of cybersecurity has its fair share of poor outcomes, some of which ...
IgM to IgG Class Switching Is a Necessary Step for Pemphigus Phenotype Induction in Desmoglein 3–Specific B Cell Receptor Knock-in Mouse (2022)

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disease caused by IgG targeting desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), an adhesion molecule of keratinocytes. Anti-Dsg3 IgG production is prevented in healthy individuals, but it is unclear how Dsg3-specific B cells are regulated. To clarify the immunological condition regulating Dsg3-specific B cells, a pathogenic anti-Dsg3 Ig (AK23) knock-in mouse was generated. AK23 knock-in B cells developed normally without undergoing deletion or acquiring an anergic phenotype in vivo. The knock-in B cells showed Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx upon IgM cross-linking and differentiated into AK23-IgG<sup>+</sup> B cells after LPS and IL-4 stimulation in vitro that induced a pemphigus phenotype after adoptive transfer into <i>Rag2</i> <sup>-/-</sup> mice. However, the knock-in mouse itself produced AK23-IgM but little IgG without blisters in vivo. Dsg3 immunization and skin inflammation caused AK23-IgG production and a pemphigus phenotype in vivo. Furthermore, <i>Fcgr2b</i> deficiency or haploinsufficiency spontaneously induced AK23-IgG production and a pemphigus phenotype with poor survival rates in AK23 knock-in mice. To assess <i>Fcgr2b</i> involvement in Ig class-switch efficiency, postswitch transcripts of B cells were quantified and significantly higher in <i>Fcgr2b</i> <sup>-/-</sup> and <i>Fcgr2b</i> <sup>+/-</sup> mice than wild-type mice in a gene dose-dependent manner. Finally, RNA sequencing revealed reduced expression of <i>FCGR2B</i> and FcγRIIB-related genes in patient B cells. These results indicated that Dsg3-specific B cells do not spontaneously perform pathogenic class switching in vivo, and pemphigus phenotype induction was prevented under normal conditions. Attenuated FcγRIIB signaling is also one of the drivers for pathogenic class switching and is consistent with immunological features identified from clinical samples. This study unveiled a characteristic immune state silencing autoreactive B cells in mice.
Dependence of j[O3-O(1D)] on the choice of extraterrestrial solar irradiance data (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDependence of j[O3-O(1D)] on the choice of extraterrestrial solar irradiance dataJohn A. Ritter, Donald H. Stedman, Russell R. Dickerson, and Thomas E. BlackburnCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1987, 21, 5, 505–508Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00159a016https://doi.org/10.1021/es00159a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts