gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An 8V organic complementary logic process for flexible polymeric substrates (2004)

We have designed and fabricated the first organic complementary integrated circuits on a flexible substrate. Pentacene and hexadecafluorocopperphthalocyanine (F/sub 16/CuPc) were used as the p-type and n-type organic semiconductors, and solution-processed polyvinylphenol was used as the gate dielectric. Transistors and circuits operate with a supply voltage as low as 8 V, and ring oscillators have a signal propagation delay as low as 8 /spl mu/sec per stage. To our knowledge, these are the fastest organic complementary circuits reported to date.
Measurement of the Inlet Gas Temperature of a Gas Turbine (2005)

The measurement of the inlet gas temperature of a gas turbine using intrusive measuring techniques has to face the fundamental problem, that there is a deviation between the temperature of the sensor, which is indicated, and the gas temperature. The paper collates all phenomena, which have an influence on this deviation. Furthermore, it presents methodologies, which allow the calculation of the gas temperature from the indicated temperature of the sensor. The impacts of the relevant heat flux mechanisms are quantified for a typical gas turbine application, and the overall uncertainty of the method is estimated. Additionally, the uncertainty of the measuring chain determining the indicated temperature is estimated. Combining the two uncertainties a total uncertainty of the gas temperature measurement is given.
Custody Transfer Tank Calibration Technology (2020)

Abstract In this paper a new, semi-automated tank calibration method based on advanced robotics is presented that enables enhanced volumetric measurement and calibration of custody/royalty transfer tanks, with an emphasis on those used in the Oil and Gas Industry. This technology offers relevant facilities a rapid and straightforward solution that offers improved precision over traditionally used methods, thus minimizing revenue losses resulting from inaccurately calibrated tanks. The technology developed is a semi-autonomous robotic system capable of calibrating upright cylindrical tanks. To achieve this, a magnetic crawler was designed that incorporates a digital, laser-based ruler that collects data about the offset of the tank circumference along the tank height with reference to the tanks’ base circumference. The technology has been developed in accordance with the requirements of API MPMS 2.2B "Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 2—Tank Calibration Section 2B—Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Optical Reference Line Method" to ensure alignment with industry standards. The paper will present trials carried out in both the laboratory, during the technology calibration phase, as well as preliminary tests carried out at a tank farm in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The feasibility of using a magnetic crawler and the laser ruler configuration was first demonstrated in the lab environment where measurement uncertainty of less than 0.2 mm was documented, compared to the current technique, which yields measurement uncertainties of at least 1mm. As such, due to increased measurement accuracy, the technology enables consequential calibration of tanks every 2 years as opposed to every 5 years using existing solutions. Apart from the measurement accuracy improvement, this method significantly reduced the total time required to carry out the calibration measurements, increasing the efficiency of the process and reducing the down-time of the asset. Other advantages are based on the digital nature of the technology that simplifies data storage, thus allowing significantly more data to be captured. Finally, remote control of the robotic solution enhances operator safety as it eliminates the need for operators to perform calibration activities at elevated heights such as the roof of the tank. The work performed and presented in this paper demonstrates a novel application of robotics in the Oil and Gas Industry that directly impacts operational efficiency while enhancing safety and minimizing revenue losses. Globally, the current lack of accurate and efficient calibration methods impacts the efficiency of the crude supply chain. The work presented here provides a suitable and cost-effective solution to enhance value realization from the sale of liquid petroleum products.
Crystallization of succinylated concanavalin A bound to a synthetic bivalent ligand and preliminary structural analysis (1998)

Crystals have been obtained of succinylated concanavalin A complexed to a novel bidentate synthetic ligand. The crystals are the first example of a lectin with a synthetic multivalent ligand and the first report of crystallization of succinylated concanavalin A. The crystals were obtained by sitting-drop vapour diffusion equilibrating with a solution of 20% polyethylene glycol, pH 5, 293. 5 K. Crystals are orthorhombic, belonging to space group C2221 with unit-cell dimensions of a = 99.1, b = 127.4, c = 118.9 A. The asymmetric unit contains a dimer, with over 65% of the volume occupied by water. The ligand cross links concanavalin A monomers. Succinylated concanavalin A is known to be a dimer in solution, yet it is found as the typical concanavalin A tetramer in the crystal. The contacts holding together the tetramer appear extensive and suggest that a fine balance between dimer and tetramers exists. Data to 2.65 A have been collected and the structure determined by the molecular replacement method.
-induced differentiation of bone marrow-derived and synovium-derived adherent cells (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Transcriptional profiles discriminate bone marrow-derived and synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells"Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy 2005;7(6):R1304-R1315.Published online 20 Sep 2005PMCID:PMC1297577.Copyright © 2005 Djouad et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Chondrogenic differentiation was evaluated after 21 days in micropellet culture. Expression of the specific markers for chondrogenesis (collagen type II [Col2] and aggrecan [Agg]) was determined by quantitative RT-PCR from the various samples: eight bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) (four healthy, two osteoarthritis [OA], two rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) and eight synovium-MSC (four RA, two OA, two RA). Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated after 21 days in monolayers. Expression of the osteogenic markers (osteocalcin [OC] and alkaline phosphatase [AP]) was determined by quantitative RT-PCR from the various samples: eight BM-MSC (four healthy, two OA, two RA) and eight synovium-MSC (four RA, two OA, two healthy). The expression levels were normalized on the basis of GAPDH expression, and the results are reported as ratios of the marker gene versus GAPDH using the formulae 2(×100) ± standard error of the mean. Statistics compared eight cell samples from BM and eight cell samples from the synovium. * &lt; 0.05, ** &lt; 0.01.
Wind power - a power source now enabled by power electronics (2007)

The global electrical energy consumption is still rising and there is a steady demand to increase the power capacity. It is expected that it has to be doubled within 20 years. The production, distribution and use of the energy should be as technological efficient as possible and incentives to save energy at the end-user should be set up. Deregulation of energy has lowered the investment in larger power plants, which means the need for new electrical power sources may be increased in the near future. Two major technologies will play important roles to solve the future problems. One is to change the electrical power production sources from the conventional, fossil (and short term) based energy sources to renewable energy resources. Another is to use high efficient power electronics in power generation, power transmission/distribution and end-user application. This paper discuss the most emerging renewable energy sources, wind energy, which by means of power electronics are changing from being minor energy sources to be acting as important power sources in the energy system.
Duplex End Breathing Determines Serum Stability and Intracellular Potency of siRNA–Au NPs (2011)

Structural requirements of siRNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (siRNA-Au NPs) for Dicer recognition and serum stability were studied. We show that the 3' overhang on the nucleic acids of these particles is preferentially recognized by Dicer but also makes the siRNA duplexes more susceptible to nonspecific serum degradation. Dicer and serum nucleases show lower preference for blunt duplexes as opposed to those with 3' overhangs. Importantly, gold nanoparticles functionalized with blunt duplexes with relatively less thermal breathing are up to 15 times more stable against serum degradation without compromising Dicer recognition. This increased stability leads to a 300% increase in cellular uptake of siRNA-Au NPs and improved gene knockdown.
Dielectric elastomer using CNT as an electrode (2020)

Dielectric Elastomers (DE) can be excellent transducers for actuators, sensors and generators. Therefore, a lot of research on DE applications has been done. Actuators, sensors and generators for small devices will be coming to the market very soon. However, much of the market demand is for heavier applications such as DE power suits, DE motors, DE muscles for robots, and larger DE power systems. In order to meet such requirements, attempts have recently been made to use new carbon foam materials such as SWCNTs or MWCNTs as electrodes for DEs. As a result, using SWCNT electrodes, a DE actuator with only 0.96 g of DE material can easily lift a 41N weight. Furthermore, a transparent diaphragm actuator can be manufactured by using super purified SWCNTs. This paper shows that the performance of DE varies significantly depending on the type of electrode materials used. When carbon black, MWCNT and SWCNT were used as electrode materials for DE, we investigated how much weight could be lifted in each case. Assuming that the carbon black is 1, it is possible to lift a weight of about 2.2 times for SWCNTs. In addition, the difference in elongation due to the difference in electrode material is 1.7 to 2.2 times that of SWCNTs, although it depends on the frequency used. It has been also found that the use of higher crystalline SWCNTs and metal CNTs is more effective. Moreover, this paper discusses the application of DEs using CNT electrodes and the risk management when using CNTs.
Massively parallel quantum chromodynamics (2008)

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of the strong nuclear force, can be numerically simulated on massively parallel supercomputers using the method of lattice gauge theory. We describe the special programming requirements of lattice QCD (LQCD) as well as the optimal supercomputer hardware architectures for which LQCD suggests a need. We demonstrate these methods on the IBM Blue Gene/L™ (BG/L) massively parallel supercomputer and argue that the BG/L architecture is very well suited for LQCD studies. This suitability arises from the fact that LQCD is a regular lattice discretization of space into lattice sites, while the BG/L supercomputer is a discretization of space into compute nodes. Both LQCD and the BG/L architecture are constrained by the requirement of short-distance exchanges. This simple relation is technologically important and theoretically intriguing. We demonstrate a computational speedup of LQCD using up to 131,072 CPUs on the largest BG/L supercomputer available in 2007. As the number of CPUs is increased, the speedup increases linearly with sustained performance of about 20% of the maximum possible hardware speed. This corresponds to a maximum of 70.5 sustained teraflops. At these speeds, LQCD and the BG/L supercomputer are able to produce theoretical results for the next generation of strong-interaction physics.
A fast search algorithm for background music signals based on the search for numerous small signal components (2004)

The paper proposes a method for detecting and locating a known music signal in a long audio stream. Unlike existing methods, ours assumes that the music is used as background music (BGM) and overlapped by another sound such as speech and that the interfering sound is typically louder than the target music. The proposed method is based on time-series active search, which is a quick signal search method reported earlier (Kashino, K. et al., Proc. ICASSP-99, vol.VI, 1999). To realize the BGM search, however, a novel extension is introduced. That is, the music signal is first decomposed into a number of small time-frequency regions, and the search is carried out for each of those components. The results of the search are then integrated based on a voting scheme to find the target music locations. Experiments show that an accurate search is possible when SNR is -5 dB and that the search completes in about 8 s for a 30 min stored signal.
Characterization of Visually Similar Diffuse Diseases from B-Scan Liver Images Using Nonseparable (1998)

This paper describes a new approach for texture characterization, based on nonseparable wavelet decomposition, and its application for the discrimination of visually similar diffuse diseases of liver. The proposed feature-extraction algo- rithm applies nonseparable quincunx wavelet transform and uses energies of the transformed regions to characterize textures. Classification experiments on a set of three different tissue types show that the scale/frequency approach, particularly one based on the nonseparable wavelet transform, could be a reliable method for a texture characterization and analysis of B-scan liver images. Comparison between the quincunx and the traditional wavelet decomposition suggests that the quincunx transform is more appropriate for characterization of noisy data, and practical applications, requiring description with lower rotational sensitivity.
Automated analysis of musical structure (2005)

Listening to music and perceiving its structure is a fairly easy task for humans, even for listeners without formal musical training. For example, we can notice changes of notes, chords and keys, though we might not be able to name them (segmentation based on tonality and harmonic analysis); we can parse a musical piece into phrases or sections (segmentation based on recurrent structural analysis); we can identify and memorize the main themes or the catchiest parts – hooks- of a piece (summarization based on hook analysis); we can detect the most informative musical parts for making certain judgments (detection of salience for classification). However, building computational models to mimic these processes is a hard problem. Furthermore, the amount of digital music that has been generated and stored has already become unfathomable. How to efficiently store and retrieve the digital content is an important real-world problem. This dissertation presents our research on automatic music segmentation, summarization and
A Disk Census for the Nearest Group of Young Stars: Mid-Infrared Observations of the TW Hydrae Association (1999)

A group of young, active stars in the vicinity of TW Hydrae has recently been identified as a possible physical association with a common origin. Given its proximity ($\sim$50 pc), age ($\sim$10 Myr) and abundance of binary systems, the TW Hya Association is ideally suited to studies of diversity and evolution of circumstellar disks. Here we present mid-infrared observations of 15 candidate members of the group, 11 of which have no previous flux measurements at wavelengths longer than 2$\mu$m. We report the discovery of a possible 10$\mu$m excess in CD -33$^{\circ}$7795, which may be due to a circumstellar disk or a faint, as yet undetected binary companion. Of the other stars, only TW Hya, HD 98800, Hen 3-600A, and HR 4796A -- all of which were detected by IRAS -- show excess thermal emission. Our 10$\mu$m flux measurements for the remaining members of the Association are consistent with photospheric emission, allowing us to rule out dusty inner disks. In light of these findings, we discuss the origin and age of the TW Hya Association as well as implications for disk evolution timescales.
Transmission Performance of Hybrid-Shaped 56APSK Modulation Formats from 34.7 to 74.7 GBd Over Transoceanic Distance (2020)

We experimentally study the impact of symbol rate on transmission performance. From 34.7 to 74.7Gbd SNR decreases by ~1.5dB; hardware and nonlinear transmission effects cause 0.7dB and 0.8dB respectively. NLC benefit decreases at higher rates.
Does Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Have Advantages over Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis? (2014)

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objective To compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF) in the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis. Methods This study compared 24 patients undergoing TLIF and 32 patients undergoing PLF with instrumentation. The clinical outcomes were assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) for low back pain and leg pain, physical component summary (PCS) of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Radiographic parameters included slippage of the vertebra, local disk lordosis, the anterior and posterior disk height, lumbar lordosis, and pelvic parameters. Results The improvement of VAS of leg pain was significantly greater in TLIF than in PLF unilaterally (3.4 versus 1.0; p = 0.02). The improvement of VAS of low back pain was significantly greater in TLIF than in PLF (3.8 versus 2.2; p = 0.02). However, there was no significant difference in improvement of ODI or PCS between TLIF and PLF. Reduction of slippage and the postoperative disk height was significantly greater in TLIF than in PLF. There was no significant difference in local disk lordosis, lumbar lordosis, or pelvic parameters. The fusion rate was 96% in TLIF and 84% in PLF (p = 0.3). There was no significant difference in fusion rate, estimated blood loss, adjacent segmental degeneration, or complication rate. Conclusions TLIF was superior to PLF in reduction of slippage and restoring disk height and might provide better improvement of leg pain. However, the health-related outcomes were not significantly different between the two procedures.
Synthesis of Fluorescent Polyisoprene Nanoparticles and their Uptake into Various Cells (2008)

Fluorescent polyisoprene nanoparticles were synthesized by the miniemulsion technique as marker particles for cells. The uptake of the non-functionalized polyisoprene nanoparticles, without any transfection agents, into different adherent (HeLa) and also suspension (Jurkat) cell lines is strikingly efficient and fast compared to other polymeric particles, and leads to high loading of the cells. The intracellular polyisoprene particles are localized as single particles in endosomes distributed throughout the entire cytoplasm. The uptake kinetics shows that particle internalization starts during the first minutes of incubation and is finished after 48 h of incubation. Since (unfunctionalized) polystyrene particles show a comparable, low uptake behavior in cells, the uptake rates can be tuned by the amount of polystyrene in polyisoprene/polystyrene copolymer particles. As polyisoprene nanoparticles are internalized by different cell lines that are relevant for biomedical applications, they can be used to label these cells efficiently if a marker is incorporated in the particles. As polyisoprene is not or is hardly biodegradable the particles should be suited for long-term applications.
Diabetic kidney disease: act now or pay later (2009)

Abstract World Kidney Day 2010 highlights the urgent global threat of diabetic kidney disease. With the prevalence of type 2 diabetes doubling in some regions and global forecasts reaching 380 million diabetics by 2025, the disease poses a significant health and socioeconomic burden. Diabetic nephropathy is now a major cause of end-stage renal failure worldwide. This article outlines five essential steps for action: (i) primary prevention of type 2 diabetes through lifestyle changes; (ii) screening for early kidney disease via albuminuria and GFR monitoring; (iii) increasing patient awareness; (iv) implementing evidence-based treatments such as ACE inhibitors or ARBs; and (v) researching new therapies.
Raney-Co Mediated Reductive Cyclization of an α,β-Unsaturated Nitrile (2008)

An expedient, five step synthesis of caprolactam 1 is reported starting from natural L-homoserine. The key step is a chemoselective reductive cyclization of alpha,beta-unsaturated nitrile 10 mediated by Raney-Co type metals. This hydrogenation is extensively investigated in order to account for the observed product distribution and yields.
Fast Large-Scale Algorithm for Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in 3D Media (2019)

We present a fast, large-scale algorithm for the simulation of electromagnetic waves (Maxwell's equations) in three-dimensional inhomogeneous media. The algorithm has a complexity of O(N log(N)) and runs in parallel. Numerical simulations show the rapid treatment of problems with tens of millions of unknowns on a small shared-memory cluster (≤ 16 cores).
Perspective on this Article from Single Nucleotide Polymorphism–Based Genome-Wide Chromosome Copy Change, Loss of Heterozygosity, and Aneuploidy in Barrett's Esophagus Neoplastic Progression (2023)

Perspective on this Article from Single Nucleotide Polymorphism–Based Genome-Wide Chromosome Copy Change, Loss of Heterozygosity, and Aneuploidy in Barrett's Esophagus Neoplastic Progression
Experience with the Cochlear Miniature Speech Processor in Adults and Children Together with a Comparison of Unipolar and Bipolar Modes (1992)

Following the experience with nearly 150 patients with the Nucleus cochlear implant, a more sophisticated and lighter speech processor was tested successfully in terms of better speech understanding. In order to prepare further miniaturization, the standard bipolar stimulation mode was compared with an unipolar mode. It was found that unipolar stimulation needs less energy, without decreasing speech understanding. Preconditions for supplying very young children with a cochlear implant were the use of electrically elicited stapedius reflex thresholds, obtained intraoperatively, for the fitting of the speech processor and the setup of a special rehabilitation center, where children together with their mothers could be trained in hearing and understanding by special teachers and engineers for 12 weeks, distributed over the 1st postoperative year.
Head-control system for severely paralyzed patient. (1983)

A device to provide controlled suspension of the head of the severely paralyzed patient while seated is described. Mounted on the wheelchair, it permits functional range-of-motion of the head on the neck. It does not contact the neck or chin.