gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of Oxaziridines by Lewis Acids:  Application in Enantioselective Sulfoxidation (2004)

The preparation of new and easily accessible chiral N-alkyloxaziridines for asymmetric sulfides oxidation was investigated. Most significantly, we report here that inert N-alkyloxaziridines can be activated by Lewis acids to achieve a fast, selective, and efficient oxygen atom transfer to sulfides. Asymmetric sulfoxidation by three new chiral oxaziridines (two of them were structurally characterized by X-ray analysis) afforded enantioselectivities ranging from 22% to 63% ee with the simplest aryl alkyl sulfides.
Morphology Control in Biphasic Hybrid Systems of Semiconducting Materials (2015)

Simple blends of inorganic nanocrystals and organic (semiconducting) polymers usually lead to macroscopic segregation. Thus, such blends typically exhibit inferior properties than expected. To overcome the problem of segregation, polymer coated nanocrystals (nanocomposites) have been developed. Such nanocomposites are highly miscible within the polymer matrix. In this Review, a summary of synthetic approaches to achieve stable nanocomposites in a semiconducting polymer matrix is presented. Furthermore, a theoretical background as well as an overview concerning morphology control of inorganic NCs in polymer matrices are provided. In addition, the morphologic behavior of highly anisotropic nanoparticles (i.e. liquid crystalline phase formation of nanorod-composites) and branched nanoparticles (spatial orientation of tetrapods) is described. Finally, the morphology requirements for the application of inorganic/organic hybrid systems in light emitting diodes and solar cells are discussed, and potential solutions to achieve the required morphologies are provided.
Supplementary Figure 2 from STAT3 Inhibition Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of Immunogenic Chemotherapy by Stimulating Type 1 Interferon Production by Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2. The role of STAT3 in autophagy induction and the release of ATP and HMGB1.&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of four [2.2]‘cinnamophane’ isomers; highly efficient stereospecific [2 + 2] photocycloaddition (1994)

H. Greiving, H. Hopf, P. G. Jones, P. Bubenitschek, J. P. Desvergne and H. Bouas-Laurent, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 1075 DOI: 10.1039/C39940001075
Epitaxial growth of Al2O3 thin films on Si(100) using ionized beam deposition (2001)

Al 2 O 3 thin films were epitaxially grown on Si(001) substrates by using reactive ionized beam deposition. The substrate temperature dependence of crystallinity of Al2O3 films were investigated by in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction. The epitaxial γ-Al2O3 stacked structure was formed at above 850 °C, and below this temperature the films were polycrystal. Film compositions and interface states were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements. From these results, stoichiometric Al2O3 films with sharp interface were confirmed. The rms surface roughness of the epitaxially grown Al2O3 film was 0.46 nm, and as the substrate temperatures increased, the crystalline quality and the surface flatness were improved.
Abstract 2200: Multilineage plasticity in prostate cancer through expansion of stem-like luminal epithelial cells with elevated inflammatory signaling (2022)

Abstract Lineage plasticity is a well-established mechanism of resistance to targeted therapies in lung and prostate cancer, where tumors transition from adenocarcinoma to small-cell or neuroendocrine carcinoma. Single-cell analysis of a cohort of late stage castration-resistant human prostate cancers (CRPC) revealed a greater degree of plasticity than previously appreciated, with multiple distinct neuroendocrine (NEPC), mesenchymal (EMT-like), and other subpopulations detected within single biopsies. To explore the steps responsible for initiation of this process, we utilized two genetically engineered mouse models of prostate cancer that recapitulate progression from adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine disease. Time course studies reveal expansion of stem-like luminal epithelial cells (Sca1+, Psca+, called L2) that, based on trajectories, gave rise to at least 4 distinct subpopulations, NEPC (Ascl1+), POU2F3 (Pou2f3+), TFF3 (Tff3+) and EMT-like (Vim+, Ncam1+). Such populations are also seen in human prostate and small cell lung cancers. Furthermore, transformed L2-like cells express stem-like and gastrointestinal endoderm-like transcriptional programs, indicative of reemerging developmental plasticity programs, as well as elevated Jak/Stat, interferon, and FGF pathways. Strikingly pharmacologic inhibition of Jak/Stat and FGFR results in reversal of plasticity states and subsequent sensitivity to androgen receptor inhibitors (ARSIs). In sum, while the magnitude of multilineage heterogeneity, both within and across patients, raises considerable treatment challenges, the identification of highly plastic luminal cells as the likely source of this heterogeneity provides a target for more focused therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: Samir Zaidi, Jimmy Zhao, Joseph Chan, Roudier Martine, Kristine Wadosky, Anuradha Gopalan, Wouter Karthaus, Philip Watson, Lawrence True, Peter Nelson, Howard Scher, Michael Morris, Michael Haffner, David Goodrich, Dana Pe'er, Charles Sawyers. Multilineage plasticity in prostate cancer through expansion of stem-like luminal epithelial cells with elevated inflammatory signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2200.
Preparation and properties of lanthanum modified PbTiO/sub 3/ thin films by rf-magnetron sputtering (2002)

Highly c-axis oriented Pb/sub 1-x/La/sub x/Ti/sub 1-x/4/O/sub 3/ (PLT) thin films were prepared by rf-magnetron sputtering on (100)MgO and (100)Pt/MgO substrate. These films were characterized by X-ray and electron diffraction and electron microscope. Thin film growth manner and c-axis orientation mechanism were discussed, Dielectric measurement revealed the phase transition behavior of PLT thin films. PLT thin film of x=0.15 shows an extremely large pyroelectric coefficient of 9.5/spl times/10/sup -8/ C/cm/sup 2/ K and low dielectric constant of 330.
Time reversed acoustics (2001)

The objective of this paper is to show that time-reversal invariance can be exploited in acoustics to accurately control wave propagation through complex media and create a variety of useful instruments. To illustrate the robustness of time reversal mirrors, several experiments conducted in multiply scattering media, in waveguides and in reverberant cavities are presented. They show that, contrary to long-held beliefs, multi pathing and multiple scattering enhances resolution in time reversal focusing, by making the effective size of the time reversal mirror much larger than its physical size. Applications of time-reversal mirrors in pulse echo detection and particularly in nondestructive testing will be discussed.
2,3-Epoxy-10-aza-10,11-dihydrosqualene, a high-energy intermediate analog inhibitor of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase (1992)

2,3-Epoxy-10-aza-10,11-dihydrosqualene, a high-energy intermediate analogue inhibitor of 2,3-oxidosqualene (SO) cyclase was obtained by total synthesis. This involved the preparation of three main building blocks: (1) C17 squalenoid N-methylamine, (2) 3-(diphenylphosphinoyl)propanal, and (3) 5,6-epoxy-6-methylheptan-2-one. The final stages of the reconstruction of the 6E double bond were obtained by a Wittig-Horner reaction which was modified for poorly reactive systems. This compound was designed to mimic the C-8 carbonium ion formed during SO cyclization. Its inhibitory activity on various SO cyclases was evaluated and compared with the 6 Z isomer which has an unfavorable geometry. Only isomer 6 E, the carbocation analogue, was active on SO cyclases from rat liver, pig liver, S. cerevisiae, and C. albicans microsomes, with an I50 varying from 3 to 5 microM. Both E and Z isomers were inactive on squalene epoxidase at the higher concentrations tested.
Supporting the wireless Internet with a HIPERLAN/2 multi hop concept (2002)

A concept is presented that introduces a new element called forwarding mobile terminal (FMT) to the HIPERLAN/2 (H/2) world. The FMT is designed to provide users in uncovered areas with access to the fixed Internet by providing an intermediate hop. The FMT is introduced in a way that it is backward compatible to existing H/2 equipment. The FMT is a modified H/2 mobile terminal which needs different software, but no additional transceiver. The concept is evolved for the H/2 link layers and signalling flows, furthermore future possible enhancements are presented.
A WDFT-Based Channel Estimator with Non-adaptive Linear Prediction in Non-sample Spaced Channels (2010)

This letter addresses the edge effect on a windowed discrete Fourier transform (WDFT)-based channel estimator for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with virtual carriers in non-sample spaced channels and derives a sufficient condition to reduce the edge effect. Moreover, a modified WDFT-based channel estimator with multi-step linear prediction as an edge effect reduction technique is proposed. Simulation results show that it offers around 5dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain over the conventional WDFT-based channel estimator at bit error rate (BER) of 10-3.
Peak-to-average power ratio reduction in OFDM systems by the adaptive projected subgradient method (2008)

One of the main drawbacks of the OFDM modulation is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal. In this study, we devise a low-complexity transmitter that mitigates the PAPR problem and satisfies multiple requirements of a given system, such as error vector magnitude (EVM) constraints, minimum transmitted power of the data symbols, among others. To reduce the PAPR, we use the adaptive projected subgradient method to suppress a sequence of convex cost functions over closed convex sets describing desired properties of the transmitted signal. Numerical examples show that the proposed scheme reduces the PAPR to reasonable levels with few iterations.
A Novel, Simple and Cheap Source of Alkyl Radicals from Alcohols, Useful for Heteroaromatic Substitution (1992)

Abstract Alkyl radicals were easily produced from secondary or tertiary alcohols in a cheap and simple way by silver-catalyzed decarboxylation of oxalic acid monoesters by S2O8=. They were utilized for the alkylation of heteroaromatic bases in a two-phase system, with high yields and selectivity.
Combining 2D and 3D views for visualization of spatial data (2004)

This research compares two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D), and 2D/ 3D combination displays (orientation icon, ExoVis, and in-place) for visualization of 3D spatial data.Both 2D and 3D views can be valuable for different reasons.3D views can provide an overview of a 3D space, illustrate the 3D shape of objects, and support 3D navigation.2D views can reduce occlusion of specific parts, show undistorted angles and distances, and enable precise positioning and navigation.Combining 2D and 3D views is valuable when benefits of 2D and 3D are both relevant to the task.First, three 2Dl3D combination displays were compared in terms of physical integration of views, occlusion, deformation, flexibility, screen space requirements, and viewing angles.Orientation icons (i.e., 2D and 3D views separated into different windows) offered high flexibility, non-oblique viewing, and low occlusion and deformation, but required substantial screen space and had poor integration of 2D and 3D views.In-place displays (i.e., clip and cutting planes) were the opposite.ExoVis displays (i.e., 2D views surrounding a 3D view in the same scene) had better integration than orientation icons, but greater flexibility and less occlusion and deformation than in-place displays.A theory describing when orientation icon, ExoVis, and in-place displays would be useful was then developed, and experiments that compared 2D displays, 3D displays, and 2Dl3D combinations for mental registration, relative positioning, orientation, and volume of interest tasks were performed.In-place supported the easiest mental registration of 2D and 3D views, followed by ExoVis, and lastly orientation icon displays.3D displays were effective for approximate navigation and positioning when appropriate cues (e.g., shadows) were present, but were not effective for precise navigation and positioning except in specific circumstances (e.g., with good viewing angles).For precise tasks, orientation icon and ExoVis displays were better than 2D or 3D displays alone.These displays had as good or better performance, inspired higher confidence, and allowed natural, integrated navigation.In-place displays were not effective for 3D orientation because they forced users to frequently switch back and forth between dimensions.Major factors contributing to display preference and usability were task characteristics, personal strategy, orientation cues, spatial proximity of views that were used together, occlusion, oblique viewing of 2D views, and methods used to interact with the display.Results of this thesis can be used to guide designers to choose the most appropriate display technique for a given task.
Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Progesterone Concentrations in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women (1986)

Pregnancy is associated with a wider dermatomal spread of local anesthetics after epidural and spinal anesthesia. This phenomenon also exists in the immediate postpartum period. The mechanism of this observation is unresolved. However, an increase in progesterone concentration in pregnancy has been implicated as one of the factors. Although plasma progesterone concentrations in humans have been well-documented, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) progesterone levels, which may also be important in this regard, have not been determined. Therefore, this study was undertaken to measure plasma and CSF progesterone in the nonpregnant, term parturient and in the immediate postpartum patient and also to determine the relationship between the CSF progesterone concentration and the intrathecal spread of lidocaine used for spinal anesthesia. The plasma progesterone concentrations in 12 nonpregnant, 21 term and eight postpartum patients were 2.3 ± 61 (SEM) ng/ml, 122 ± 8 ng/ml and 16 ± 2.2 ng/ml, respectively. The CSF progesterone concentrations in term parturients (3 ± 0.28 (SEM) ng/ml) and postpartum patients (1.03 ± 0.16 ng/ml) were eight and three times greater than that of nonpregnant women (0.39 ± 0.01 ng/ml). Significantly less lidocaine was needed (P < 0.05) for comparable segmental levels of spinal anesthesia in term and postpartum patients than in nonpregnant individuals. These data suggest that high CSF, plasma progesterone concentrations, or both may augment the anesthetic spread of lidocaine.
Adenovirus-Mediated Human Tissue Kallikrein Gene Delivery Inhibits Neointima Formation Induced by Interruption of Blood Flow in Mice (2000)

Tissue kallikrein cleaves kininogen to produce vasoactive kinin peptides. Binding of kinins to bradykinin B(2) receptors on vascular endothelial cells stimulates the release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin, thus activating the cGMP and cAMP pathways. In this study, we evaluated the effects of adenovirus-mediated human tissue kallikrein gene (Ad.CMV-cHK) delivery in a mouse model of arterial remodeling induced by permanent alteration in shear stress conditions. Mice underwent ligature of the left common carotid artery and were injected intravenously with saline or 1.8 x 10(9) plaque-forming units of Ad.CMV-cHK or control virus (Ad.CMV-LacZ). Fourteen days after surgery, morphometric analysis revealed that Ad. CMV-cHK reduced neointima formation by 52% (P<0.05) compared with Ad. CMV-LacZ. Expression of human tissue kallikrein (HK) mRNA was detected in mouse carotid artery, aorta, kidney, heart, and liver, and recombinant HK was present in the urine and plasma of mice receiving HK gene. Kallikrein gene transfer resulted in increases in urinary kinin, cGMP, and cAMP levels. The protective action of Ad. CMV-cHK on neointima formation was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in mice with knockout of the kinin B(2) receptor gene compared with wild-type control mice (J129Sv mice). In contrast, the effect of Ad. CMV-cHK was amplified (P<0.05) in transgenic mice overexpressing human B(2) receptor compared with wild-type control mice (c57/Bl6 mice). Thus, the inhibitory effect of recombinant kallikrein on structural alterations caused by the interruption of blood flow appears to be mediated by the B(2) receptor. These results provide new insight into the role of the tissue kallikrein-kinin system in vascular remodeling and suggest the application of HK gene therapy to treat restenosis and atherosclerosis.
Second‐Order Optical Response in Electrically Polarized Sodo‐Niobate Amorphous Thin Films: Particularity of Multilayer Systems (2021)

Herein, our attention is focused on the second‐order optical properties of thermally poled sodo‐niobate amorphous thin films through an original methodology that combines both macroscopic and microscopic second harmonic generation techniques. By probing the geometry and the magnitude of the second‐order nonlinear (SONL) optical response at different scales, a key aspect of thin film's poling mechanisms compared with bulk glasses is demonstrated that lies in the appearance of a charge accumulation at the film/substrate interface and that is described by the Maxwell–Wagner effect. A way to minimize this effect is then proven by promoting an induced built‐in static field in the plane of the film using a microstructured electrode. A SONL optical susceptibility as high as 29 pm V −1 is measured and its geometry and location are controlled at the micrometer scale; it constitutes an improvement of at least one order of magnitude compared with other poled amorphous inorganic materials and is comparable with that of lithium niobate single crystal.
An in-memory monitoring database for self adaptive MP2SoCs (2010)

The complexity of MP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SoC architectures to come is such that many issues arise simultaneously, such as multicore programming, system performance, reliability, scalability, etc. The key to solve these issues is self-adaptability: the chips to come have to integrate the required software and hardware means to monitor and self-react to the various kinds of events that are likely to occur during chip's lifetime. The paper describes the design principles of a software based approach used to monitor manycore architectures running multi-threaded functional applications. The approach takes advantage of an in-memory database (as well as appropriate means to store, handle, and retrieve accumulated monitoring data) to achieve the monitoring task as simply as possible. After a presentation of the distributed database (called DRET), a case study is presented, along with performance results that clearly show the interest of the approach.
Heart Motorneuron Dynamics of Leeches (2003)

The heartbeat of the medicinal leech consists of two intricate patterns of oscillatory behavior, which are driven by two lateral arrays of motorneurons. On one side of the animal the motorneurons oscillate synchronously, while on the other side they produce a peristaltic wave of oscillations. Then every 20 heartbeats, approximately, the two sides alternate their activity. These two rhythms, including the transitions between them, are known to be initiated by a Central Pattern Generator (CPG) network of neurons. The translation mechanism from CPG dynamics to motorneuron activity, however, is not well understood. In this work, we use symmetric systems of differential equations, accompanied with computational simulations, to investigate such mechanism.
Understanding Depth Map Progressively: Adaptive Distance Interval Separation for Monocular 3d Object Detection (2023)

Monocular 3D object detection aims to locate objects in different scenes with just a single image. Due to the absence of depth information, several monocular 3D detection techniques have emerged that rely on auxiliary depth maps from the depth estimation task. There are multiple approaches to understanding the representation of depth maps, including treating them as pseudo-LiDAR point clouds, leveraging implicit end-to-end learning of depth information, or considering them as an image input. However, these methods have certain drawbacks, such as their reliance on the accuracy of estimated depth maps and suboptimal utilization of depth maps due to their image-based nature. While LiDAR-based methods and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be utilized for pseudo point clouds and depth maps, respectively, it is always an alternative. In this paper, we propose a framework named the Adaptive Distance Interval Separation Network (ADISN) that adopts a novel perspective on understanding depth maps, as a form that lies between LiDAR and images. We utilize an adaptive separation approach that partitions the depth map into various subgraphs based on distance and treats each of these subgraphs as an individual image for feature extraction. After adaptive separations, each subgraph solely contains pixels within a learned interval range. If there is a truncated object within this range, an evident curved edge will appear, which we can leverage for texture extraction using CNNs to obtain rich depth information in pixels. Meanwhile, to mitigate the inaccuracy of depth estimation, we designed an uncertainty module. To take advantage of both images and depth maps, we use different branches to learn localization detection tasks and appearance tasks separately.
Adaptive Electronic Quizzing Method for Introductory Electrical Circuit Course (2009)

The interactive technical electronic book, TechEBook, currently under development at the University of Central Florida, provides a useful tool for engineers and scientists through unique features compared to the most used traditional electrical circuit textbooks available in the market. TechEBook has comprised the two worlds of classical circuit books and an interactive operating platform such as laptops and desktops utilizing Java Virtual Machine operator. The TechEBook provides an interactive applets screen that holds many modules, in which each had a specific application in the self learning process.&#x0D; &#x0D; This paper describes one of the interactive techniques in the TechEBook known as, QuizMe, for evaluating the readersâ?? performance and the overall understanding for all subjects at any stage. The QuizMe will be displayed after each section in the TechEBook for the user to evaluate his/her understanding, which introduces the term me-learning, as a comprehensive full experience for self or individualized education. &#x0D; &#x0D; In this paper, a practical example of applying the QuizMe feature is discussed as part of a basic electrical engineering course currently given at the University of Central Florida.
Caring beyond cure: quality of life after high-dose chemotherapy for patients with relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma (2010)

In this issue of “Leukemia and Lymphoma”, Brandt et al. report on their investigation of quality of life (QoL) of long-term Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors after high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and a...