gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soliton Enhancement Cavities (2019)

Femtosecond enhancement cavities (fs-EC), i.e., passive free-space resonators, are commonly used for raising the peak and average power of femtosecond laser pulses to the levels necessary for XUV frequency comb generation via high-order harmonic generation [1] and for augmenting the sensitivity of spectroscopic measurements [2]. Building on previous work on the generation of temporal dissipative Kerr-solitons in fiber- and monolithic microresonators (temporal cavity solitons) [3,4], we demonstrate efficient soliton generation in a fs-EC [5].
Effectiveness of parental training, methylphenidate treatment, and their combination on academic achievements and behavior at school of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (2018)

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of parental training (PT), methylphenidate treatment (MPH), and the combination of PT and MPH treatment (PT/MPH) on school achievements in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Twenty eight ADHD patients (age: 10.1±1.11 years) were divided into three groups: (a) PT (N=10), (b) PT/MPH (N=8), and (c) MPH alone (N=10). Their grades in academics and conduct, from their school reports before and after treatment (6 months), were coded as achievement scores. No significant differences in baseline academic and conduct scores were found between the groups (F=0.033, d.f.=2, P=0.97 and F=0.024, d.f.=2, P=0.98, respectively). No significant changes before versus after treatment were detected in academic (3.83±0.93 vs. 3.85±0.88, paired t=0.086, d.f.=9, P=0.93, NS) or conduct (3.90±1.10 vs. 4.10±1.00, paired t=1.50, d.f.=9, P=0.17, NS) scores in the PT group. The same was true for the PT/MPH group (academic scores: 3.75±0.98 vs. 4.05±0.83, d.f.=7, t=0.927, P=0.38; conduct scores: 3.85±0.83 vs. 4.12±0.83, d.f.=7, t=0.79, P=0.45). Only the MPH group showed significant improvements in those scores (academic scores: 3/73±0.85 vs. 4/44±0.48, d.f.=9, t=3.33, P=0.0088; conduct scores: 3.80±0.70 vs. 4.60±0.70, d.f.=9, t=3.2, P=0.011). Methylphenidate alone is superior to either parental training or parental training/methylphenidate in improving academics and conduct at school.
Biomarkers of drug-induced adverse events (2008)

Many drugs on the market have the potential to cause undesirable side effects. Biomarkers used today, at best, diagnose an existing injury, such as cell death or abnormal functioning of an organ. More valuable would be biomarkers that could be used to prevent a patient from receiving an inappropriate drug or to identify very early signs of injury so the offending drug may be discontinued prior to overt tissue injury. Biomarkers currently used to identify drug-induced injury to the liver, heart and kidney will be discussed, as will some newer biomarkers. Progress on finding new biomarkers through the use of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomic approaches, consortia that may assist in their discovery and qualification for use, regulatory issues and the pharmacoeconomic considerations that may drive or hinder such new tests are also described.
Musical Genre Classification by Instrumental Features (2004)

Automatic musical genre classification is very useful for many musical applications. In this paper, the features of instrument distribution and instrument-based notes are proposed to represent the high-level characteristics of music. Experimental results show that the proposed features have a good performance in musical genre classification. Comparison between our proposed features with the commonly used features--- Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and MFCC with energy term illustrates that our proposed features perform better in discriminating some musical genres, such as Pop, Jazz, and Rock. 1
Tip-Enhanced Raman Imaging: An Emergent Tool for Probing Biology at the Nanoscale (2013)

Typically limited by the diffraction of light, most optical spectroscopy methods cannot provide the spatial resolution necessary to characterize specimens at the nanoscale. An emerging exception to this rule is tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), which overcomes the diffraction limit through electromagnetic field localization at the end of a sharp metallic tip. As demonstrated by the Zenobi group in this issue of ACS Nano, TER imaging is an analytical technique capable of providing high-resolution chemical maps of biological samples. In this Perspective, we highlight recent advances and future applications of TER imaging as a technique for interrogating biology at the nanoscale.
Mosaicism for KCNJ5 Causing Early-Onset Primary Aldosteronism due to Bilateral Adrenocortical Hyperplasia (2019)

Thus, this patient represents a unique case of BAH due to a mosaic KCNJ5 defect. Undoubtedly, his milder PA compared with other known cases of FH-III, was due to his mosaicism. This case has a number of implications for the prognosis, treatment, and counseling of the many patients with PA due to BAH that are seen in hypertension clinics.
Supplementary Figures S1-S8 from Theranostic Agents for Photodynamic Therapy of Prostate Cancer by Targeting Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1: Related PSMA ligands Figure S2: Schematic illustration for the synthesis of PSMA-1-SMCC and characterization of PSMA-1-SMCC Figure S3: Schematic illustration for the synthesis of PSMA-1-Pc413 and characterization of PSMA-1-Pc413 Figure S4: Schematic illustration for the synthesis of PSMA-1-IR700 and characterization of PSMA-1-IR700 Figure S5: Spectra of light sources Figure S6: Emission and absorbance spectra of PSMA-1-PDT agents Figure S7: Phototoxicity of PSMA-1-Pc413 was reduced in the presence of excess amount of Cys-CO-Glu. Figure S8: Maestro images of mice organs&lt;/p&gt;
Visual Acuity Changes in Patients With Leber Congenital Amaurosis and Mutations in CEP290 (2013)

Patients with LCA and CEP290 mutations had a wide spectrum of VA that was not related to age or length of follow-up. Severe VA loss was observed in most, but not all, patients in the first decade. These data will help clinicians provide counseling on VA changes in patients with CEP290 mutations and could be of value for future treatment trials.
Leucocyte nadir as a marker for chemotherapy efficacy in node-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant CMF (1999)

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the leucocyte nadir and prognosis in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF). Three hundred and sixty-eight patients with node-positive breast cancer without distant metastases were treated with six cycles of adjuvant CMF. Some patients (n = 60) also received tamoxifen. All patients underwent surgery and received radiotherapy to the axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes and the chest wall. The effect of leucopenia caused by CMF on distant disease-free survival (DDFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed. A low leucocyte nadir during the chemotherapy was associated with a long DDFS in univariate analysis when tested as a continuous variable (the relative risk (RR) 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.06, P = 0.02). Similarly, when the leucocyte nadir count was divided into tertiles, the patients who had the highest nadir values during the six-cycle treatment had worst outcome (RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.07-2.5, P = 0.02). However, in a multivariate analysis only the number of affected lymph nodes, tumour size, progesterone receptor status, surgical procedure, age and adjuvant tamoxifen therapy retained prognostic significance, whereas the leucocyte nadir count did not. A low leucocyte nadir during the adjuvant CMF chemotherapy is associated with favourable DDFS and it may be a useful biological marker for chemotherapy efficacy.
Steady-State and Transient Thermal Performance Optimization of Power Automotive Modules (2009)

An extensive 3-D conjugate numerical study is conducted to assess the thermal performance of power packages for automotive applications. The automotive industry deals on a daily basis with various package and module-level thermal issues when managing the routing of very high current. The study provides a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of IC incorporation into a system module, for present and future product development. Several packages are investigated, ranging from smaller die/flag size to larger ones, single or multiple heat sources, operating under various powering and boundary conditions. The steady state and transient thermal impact of the thicker lead frame and die attach material on the overall thermal behavior is evaluated. The main concern is exceeding the thermal budget at an external ambient temperature of 85°C, specific for the relatively extreme automotive operating environments. Under one steady state (1W) operating scenario, the PQFN package reaches a peak temperature of ∼106.3°C, while under 37W@40ms of transient powering, the peak temperature reached by the corner FET is ∼260.8°C. With an isothermal boundary (85°C) attached to the board backside, the junction temperature does not change, as the PCB has no significant thermal impact. When the isothermal boundary is attached to package bottom, peak temperature drops by 20% after 40 ms. Additional system level with multiple optimized packages placed on a custom PCB is evaluated numerically and experimentally, placing an emphasis on the superior thermal performance of this new class of power packages for automotive applications. The optimized numerical model approximates closely the empirical results (121–126°C vs. 127.5°C), within 1–2%.
PEARL: An interactive visual analytic tool for understanding personal emotion style derived from social media (2014)

Hundreds of millions of people leave digital footprints on social media (e.g., Twitter and Facebook). Such data not only disclose a person's demographics and opinions, but also reveal one's emotional style. Emotional style captures a person's patterns of emotions over time, including his overall emotional volatility and resilience. Understanding one's emotional style can provide great benefits for both individuals and businesses alike, including the support of self-reflection and delivery of individualized customer care. We present PEARL, a timeline-based visual analytic tool that allows users to interactively discover and examine a person's emotional style derived from this person's social media text. Compared to other visual text analytic systems, our work offers three unique contributions. First, it supports multi-dimensional emotion analysis from social media text to automatically detect a person's expressed emotions at different time points and summarize those emotions to reveal the person's emotional style. Second, it effectively visualizes complex, multi-dimensional emotion analysis results to create a visual emotional profile of an individual, which helps users browse and interpret one's emotional style. Third, it supports rich visual interactions that allow users to interactively explore and validate emotion analysis results. We have evaluated our work extensively through a series of studies. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our tool both in emotion analysis from social media and in support of interactive visualization of the emotion analysis results.
THE FLIGHT PHASES, FACTORS AND LOADS ACTING ON THE SPACECRAFT DURING THE PLANETS SCIENTIFIC MISSIONS USING THE HYDROGEN-OXYGEN PROPELLANT (2016)

The paper deals with the main flight phases of the spacecraft rockets and automatic spacecrafts for the planets scientific missions including the active flight with firing engines in the Earth atmosphere; the flight on the LEO; transfer flight to the other planets; entry to the planet atmosphere; flight with the parachute system; landing and operation on the planet surface. The schemes of the spacecraft landing to the surfaces of the Venus, the Mars, the Moon the Earth satellite are presented. Main systems of descend and landing spacecraft main systems are also presented. The paper describes the main natural and artificial factors and loadings, acting during the spacecraft operation, the vibration and acoustic loads; linear accelerations, natural and the Earth’s artificial electromagnetic belts, galactic and solar space radiation, the solar heat radiations, meteorites, space vacuum, electromagnetic radiation, low gravity, space waste, aerial gaseous and dynamic factors. The theoretical and experimental study of the space environment and loadings acting on the automated spacecraft during its operational phases should be performed at the phase of experimental development to provide the specified reliability. A reasonability of the lunar surface base creation has been substantiated. The base will be provided with the systems of hydrogen and oxygen production. Here the automated spacecraft propulsion system will be refilled with the propellant components. After that the spacecraft can fly to the deep space objects.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhancement of the Diastereoselectivity in the Addition of Trimethylsilyl Cyanide to Chiral Aldimines by Catalysis with a Chiral 1,2‐Diamine: Unexpected Mechanistic Results. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Endocytic sites mature by continuous bending and remodeling of the clathrin coat (2015)

During clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), plasma membrane regions are internalized to retrieve extracellular molecules and cell surface components. Whether endocytosis occurs by direct clathrin assembly into curved lattices on the budding vesicle or by initial recruitment to flat membranes and subsequent reshaping has been controversial. To distinguish between these models, we combined fluorescence microscopy and electron tomography to locate endocytic sites and to determine their coat and membrane shapes during invagination. The curvature of the clathrin coat increased, whereas the coated surface area remained nearly constant. Furthermore, clathrin rapidly exchanged at all stages of CME. Thus, coated vesicle budding appears to involve bending of a dynamic preassembled clathrin coat.
Observations on densification of Al-Al 2 O 3 composite powder compacts by pressure cycling (2003)

The effectiveness of pressure cycling on the consolidation of powder composites is investigated. Mixed Al and various amounts of Al 2 O 3 powders were consolidated under static and cyclic pressure at room temperature in uniaxial consolidation experiments. The results showed that each pressure cycle increases green density and the cyclic effect is stronger when there is a relatively large volume fraction of Al 2 O 3 powder. The compacts produced by pressure cycling have much higher strength than those produced with a single pressure excursion and the process ability of compacts should also improve via pressure cycling. Microscopic observations showed that greater uniformity is obtained in compacts by cyclic consolidation. The origin of the beneficial effect of pressure cycling is related to the deviatoric stresses generated by volumetric mismatch due to the different compressibilities of the phases.
Supplementary Tables S1-S8 from Preclinical Development and First-in-Human Study of KA2507, a Selective and Potent Inhibitor of Histone Deacetylase 6, for Patients with Refractory Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables&lt;/p&gt;
Halogen bonding: a new supramolecular synthon in anion coordination chemistry (2010)

A series of pyridyl-appended bis(urea) ligands form supramolecular gels in the presence of metal ions (metallogels), particularly copper(II) and silver(I). The gels have been chracterised by rheometry and SEM, and the effect of the metal ions on gel strength and morphology examined. The metal-induced gelation is linked to the competition between urea-urea and urea-pyridyl hydrogen bonding interactions. Crystals grown from these gels reveal a wealth of structural information about these systems that can be related to gel structure using powder X-ray diffraction data of their xerogels. Exotic species such as Borromean weaves and metallomacrocycles are all formed as alternatives to gelation.
Respiratory system impedance in patients with acute left ventricular failure: pathophysiology and clinical interest. (1986)

To investigate the relationship between alterations in lung mechanics and acute pulmonary vascular congestion, repeated measurements of the respiratory system impedance (Zrs) were performed in 11 patients with and in seven without acute left ventricular failure. Indexes of Zrs were obtained by calculating the average and slope of the resistance and reactance in low (10 to 20 Hz) and high (20 to 50 Hz) frequency intervals. Zrs indexes in patients with ventricular failure differ significantly from those in patients without failure. Pulmonary vascular congestion is regularly associated with an abnormal frequency dependence of resistance at low frequencies and with an increased resonant frequency. Discriminant analysis of Zrs indexes allows 92% correct classification of pulmonary capillary wedge pressures lower than and those equal to or higher than 18 mm Hg. Zrs differences between patients with and without left ventricular failure are consistent with the presence of a small airways obstruction even in patients with mild left ventricular failure. Furthermore, use of Zrs indexes permits moderate and severe pulmonary vascular congestion to be distinguished from one another and this is probably due to a significant narrowing of the large airways during severe left ventricular failure.
<title>Switched photonic delay line for phased-array antenna control using externally modulated microwave fiber optic link</title> (1997)

The first demonstration of a 4-bit binary photonic delay line using ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) devices and externally modulated S/C band fiber-optic link is presented. A Mach-Zehnder integrated-optic modulator is used to modulate the light. This photonic delay line uses FLC optical on/off devices for optical path switching and active polarization noise filtering. Three dimensional imaging optics and antireflection coated optics are used to minimize photonic delay line insertion losses and interchannel crosstalk. Signal-to-noise ratio measurements as well as interchannel isolation crosstalk analysis is performed.
A randomized controlled trial of nonoperative treatment versus open reduction and internal fixation for stable, displaced, partial articular fractures of the radial head: The RAMBO trial (2014)

Background: The choice between operative or nonoperative treatment is questioned for partial articular fractures of the radial head that have at least 2 millimeters of articular step-off on at least one radiograph (defined as displaced), but less than 2 millimeter of gap between the fragments (defined as stable) and that are not associated with an elbow dislocation, interosseous ligament injury, or other fractures. These kinds of fractures are often classified as Mason type-2 fractures. Retrospective comparative studies suggest that operative treatment might be better than nonoperative treatment, but the long-term results of nonoperative treatment are very good. Most experts agree that problems like reduced range of motion, painful crepitation, nonunion or bony ankylosis are infrequent with both nonoperative and operative treatment of an isolated displaced partial articular fracture of the radial head, but determining which patients will have problems is difficult. A prospective, randomized comparison would help minimize bias and determine the balance between operative and nonoperative risks and benefits. Methods/Design. The RAMBO trial (Radial Head - Amsterdam - Amphia - Boston - Others) is an international prospective, randomized, multicenter trial. The primary objective of this study is to compare patient related outcome defined by the 'Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score' twelve months after injury between operative and nonoperative treated patients. Adult patients with partial articular fractures of the radial head that comprise at least 1/3rd of the articular surface, have ≥ 2 millimeters of articular step-off but less than 2 millimeter of gap between the fragments will be enrolled. Secondary outcome measures will be the Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI), the Oxford Elbow Score (OES), pain intensity through the 'Numeric Rating Scale', range of motion (flexion arc and rotational arc), radiographic appearance of the fracture (heterotopic ossification, radiocapitellar and ulnohumeral arthrosis, fracture healing, and signs of implant loosening or breakage) and adverse events (infection, nerve injury, secondary interventions) after one year. Discussion. The successful completion of this trial will provide evidence on the best treatment for stable, displaced, partial articular fractures of the radial head. Trial registration. The trial is registered at the Dutch Trial Register: NTR3413. © 2014Bruinsma et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Role of Subchondral Bone during Early-stage Experimental TMJ Osteoarthritis (2011)

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is a degenerative disease that affects both cartilage and subchondral bone. We used microarray to identify changes in gene expression levels in the TMJ during early stages of the disease, using an established TMJ OA genetic mouse model deficient in 2 extracellular matrix proteins, biglycan and fibromodulin (bgn(-/0)fmod(-/-)). Differential gene expression analysis was performed with RNA extracted from 3-week-old WT and bgn(-/0)fmod(-/-) TMJs with an intact cartilage/subchondral bone interface. In total, 22 genes were differentially expressed in bgn(-/0)fmod(-/-) TMJs, including 5 genes involved in osteoclast activity/differentiation. The number of TRAP-positive cells were three-fold higher in bgn(-/0)fmod(-/-) TMJs than in WT. Quantitative RT-PCR showed up-regulation of RANKL and OPG, with a 128% increase in RANKL/OPG ratio in bgn(-/0)fmod(-/-) TMJs. Histology and immunohistochemistry revealed tissue disorganization and reduced type I collagen in bgn(-/0)fmod(-/-) TMJ subchondral bone. Early changes in gene expression and tissue defects in young bgn(-/0)fmod(-/-) TMJ subchondral bone are likely attributed to increased osteoclast activity. Analysis of these data shows that biglycan and fibromodulin are critical for TMJ subchondral bone integrity and reveal a potential role for TMJ subchondral bone turnover during the initial early stages of TMJ OA disease in this model.