gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanotomography of electrical contacts – new insights by high resolution 3D analysis of local material degradation (2009)

The precise characterization of the local microstructure situation is a precondition to investigate and to understand the degradation phenomena occurring in electrical contact materials, because the microstructure is the unique and authentic monitor of the whole materials experience. However, it could not be fully exploited so far due to the lack of adequate characterization techniques. The recently developed FIB-nanotomography may solve this problem. It is based on the automatic serial sectioning by a focused ion beam (FIB) of the volume of interest at the nanoscale and offers an optimum resolution in x-y-z directions. For imaging all well established contrast information of the scanning electron microscopy (chemistry, phase composition, grain structure, texture, stress and strain) is available. After imaging, a detailed 3D image analysis enables the comprehensive quantitative evaluation of local microstructure degradation effects. This work gives an overview of these new possibilities using the example of a Ag/SnO2 contact material in its initial state and after switch operations.
Diffusion-Controlled Glow Discharge Pressure Extended by the Multi-Dual Microhollow Cathode Configuration for Flat Lighting (2010)

We investigated pure Xe discharge primarily as a source of vacuum ultraviolet for discharge lamps, using a multi-dual hollow cathode. One of the problems associated with the discharge properties of Xe gas is its easy constriction. We prevented the problem by using an electrode configured as a multi-dual microhollow cathode. This result originated from auxiliary charge particles generated in a lamp discharge space and less variation of electron generation rate, which reduced thermal instability and as a result sequentially suppressed the constriction of Xe discharge. Furthermore, we observed that a six-channel flat-panel lamp could be driven with a pulse power supply.
Supplementary Table S7 from The Genomic Landscape of Pediatric Ewing Sarcoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Variants identified from WES of 92 tumors after filtering.&lt;/p&gt;
Empirical CPU power modelling and estimation in the gem5 simulator (2017)

Power modelling is important for modern CPUs to inform power management approaches and allow design space exploration. Power simulators, combined with a full-system architectural simulator such as gem5, enable power-performance trade-offs to be investigated early in the design of a system with different configurations (e.g number of cores, cache size, etc.). However, the accuracy of existing power simulators, such as McPAT, is known to be low due to the abstraction and specification errors, and this can lead to incorrect research conclusions. In this paper, we present an accurate power model, built from measured data, integrated into gem5 for estimating the power consumption of a simulated quad-core ARM Cortex-A15. A power modelling methodology based on Performance Monitoring Counters (PMCs) is used to build and evaluate the integrated model in gem5. We first validate this methodology on the real hardware with 60 workloads at nine Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) levels and four core mappings (2,160 samples), showing an average error between estimated and real measured power of less than 6%. Correlation between gem5 activity statistics and hardware PMCs is investigated to build a gem5 model representing a quad-core ARM Cortex-A15. Experimental validation with 15 workloads at four DVFS levels on real hardware and gem5 has been conducted to understand how the difference between the gem5 simulated activity statistics and the hardware PMCs affects the estimated power consumption.
Search for Higgs boson pair production in association with a vector boson in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {TeV}$$ with the ATLAS detector (2023)

Abstract This paper reports a search for Higgs boson pair ( hh ) production in association with a vector boson ( $$W\; {\text {o}r}\; Z$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>o</mml:mtext> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) using 139 fb $$^{-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> of proton–proton collision data at $$\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {TeV}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The search is performed in final states in which the vector boson decays leptonically ( $$W\rightarrow \ell \nu ,\, Z\rightarrow \ell \ell ,\nu \nu $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with $$\ell =e, \mu $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) and the Higgs bosons each decay into a pair of b -quarks. It targets Vhh signals from both non-resonant hh production, present in the Standard Model (SM), and resonant hh production, as predicted in some SM extensions. A 95% confidence-level upper limit of 183 (87) times the SM cross-section is observed (expected) for non-resonant Vhh production when assuming the kinematics are as expected in the SM. Constraints are also placed on Higgs boson coupling modifiers. For the resonant search, upper limits on the production cross-sections are derived for two specific models: one is the production of a vector boson along with a neutral heavy scalar resonance H , in the mass range 260–1000 GeV, that decays into hh , and the other is the production of a heavier neutral pseudoscalar resonance A that decays into a Z boson and H boson, where the A boson mass is 360–800 GeV and the H boson mass is 260–400 GeV. Constraints are also derived in the parameter space of two-Higgs-doublet models.
Effect of the Solvent in Enhancing the Selectivity to Furan Derivatives in the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Furfural (2018)

The catalytic hydrogenation of furfural, particularly to methyl-furan, is studied on four commercial catalysts (based on Ni and Cu and alumina or silica as supports) in different aprotic solvents (n-heptane, diisopropyl ether and ethyl acetate) and two Cl-containing solvents (chlorobenzene and n-heptane containing 0.5 wt % CHCl3). The catalytic data are complemented by the estimated solvent characteristics, activity coefficients of reactants (including H2) and products, and energy stability by the solvent on reactants and main products of reaction. The results show that the solvent plays a major role in the modification of selectivity, but strongly depending on the catalyst. In low polar solvent (n-heptane) yield up to about 50% can be obtained to methyl-furan using Cu/Al2O3, but yields nearly halve using Cu/SiO2 catalysts and become very low for Ni-based catalysts. The latter, on the contrary, show high selectivity to methyl-furan (up to about 70–80%) using n-heptane containing small amounts of CHCl3. There is a double role of the solvent, both in the stabilization of the reaction products and minor of the reactants, and in interacting with the catalyst, modifying its intrinsic reactivity, both aspects scarcely investigated, but representing a valuable option to control the selectivity in the valorization of biomass byproducts.
Human pluripotent reprogramming with CRISPR activators (2017)

Abstract CRISPR/Cas9 based gene activation (CRISPRa) is an attractive tool for cellular reprogramming applications due to its high multiplexing capacity and direct targeting of endogenous loci. Here we present the reprogramming of primary human skin fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) using CRISPRa, targeting endogenous OCT4 , SOX2 , KLF4 , MYC and LIN28A promoters. The basal reprogramming efficiency can be improved by an order of magnitude by additionally targeting a conserved Alu-motif, enriched near genes involved in embryo genome activation (EEA-motif). This effect is mediated in part by more efficient activation of NANOG and REX1 . These data constitute a proof of principle that somatic cells can be reprogrammed into iPSC using only CRISPRa. Furthermore, the results unravel previously uncharacterized involvement of EEA-motif-associated mechanisms in cellular reprogramming.
Understanding RRC state dynamics through client measurements with mobilyzer (2014)

Understanding how network and application behavior patterns impact client performance on mobile devices is a difficult yet important problem to solve. Often, we are most interested in the performance experienced by end users, but accurately and effectively measuring performance on uncontrolled mobile devices in the wild continues to be a challenging problem. In this paper, we have developed a tool to allow us to more accurately characterize RRC states using client-based measurements. To do so, we have made use of and contributed to an open-source framework called Mobilyzer, which facilitates collecting complex network measurements on client devices without impacting the user. We have deployed our tool on unmodified devices in 23 countries worldwide to directly measure the impact of RRC state machine configurations on individual packets and network protocols. Demonstrating the value of client-based measurements, our large-scale measurement study allowed us to uncover previously unknown performance problems that can increase network latency by several seconds and increase packet losses by an order of magnitude.
IGA : An Intent-Guided Authoring Assistant (2021)

While large-scale pretrained language models have significantly improved writing assistance functionalities such as autocomplete, more complex and controllable writing assistants have yet to be explored. We leverage advances in language modeling to build an interactive writing assistant that generates and rephrases text according to fine-grained author specifications. Users provide input to our Intent-Guided Assistant (IGA) in the form of text interspersed with tags that correspond to specific rhetorical directives (e.g., adding description or contrast, or rephrasing a particular sentence). We fine-tune a language model on a dataset heuristically-labeled with author intent, which allows IGA to fill in these tags with generated text that users can subsequently edit to their liking. A series of automatic and crowdsourced evaluations confirm the quality of IGA's generated outputs, while a small-scale user study demonstrates author preference for IGA over baseline methods in a creative writing task. We release our dataset, code, and demo to spur further research into AI-assisted writing.
Si-Substituted Ultrathin Ferroelectric Films (2002)

Solid solutions between Bi2SiO5 and conventional ferroelectric materials such as Bi4Ti3O12, SrBi2Ta2O9 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 were formed using a sol-gel spin-coating method. It was found that the crystallization temperatures of the films were lower by 150 to 200°C than those of the original ferroelectric films and that the surface of the films became very flat and smooth. Because of these excellent properties, ultrathin (13- to 25-nm-thick) ferroelectric capacitors were successfully fabricated, in which the polarization was well saturated at an applied voltage of 0.5 V. Discussion on the formation mechanism of the films is also presented.
Two-stage Beamformer Design via Deterministic Equivalents (2019)

Complexity reduction of optimal linear receiver is considered in a scenario where both the number of single antenna user equipments (UEs) K and base station (BS) antennas N are large. Two-stage beamforming (TSB) greatly alleviates the high implementation complexity of large scale multiantenna receiver by concatenating a statistical outer beamformer (OBF) with an instantaneous inner beamformer (IBF) design. Using asymptotic large system analysis, we propose a novel TSB method that adjusts the dimensions of user specific OBF matrices based on the projection of the optimal minimum mean square error (MMSE) vectors into the beam domain. The beam domain is first divided into S narrow sectors such that each sector contains D DFT beams. Then, so called deterministic equivalents are computed for the amplitude-projection of the optimal MMSE vectors into each sector in asymptotic regime where N, K and D grow large with a non-trivial ratio N/K = C and N/D = S. Given the approximations for the sector specific values, the structure and dimension of each UE specific OBF vector are optimized based on the statistical channel properties and the amount of overlap among users in angular domain. The numerical analysis shows that the attained SINR values closely follow the optimal MMSE receiver while the computational burden is greatly reduced.
SIMscope3D: A structured illumination miniature microscope for high resolution brain imaging (2022)

We present a high-resolution miniature microscope with volumetric imaging. Optical sectioning with an axial resolution of 18 μm is obtained by structured illumination delivered using fiber bundle, and electrowetting lens used for depth scanning.
repoVizz (2013)

In this technical demo we present repoVizz (http://repovizz.upf.edu), an integrated online system capable of structural formatting and remote storage, browsing, exchange, annotation, and visualization of synchronous multi-modal, time-aligned data. Motivated by a growing need for data-driven collaborative research, repoVizz aims to resolve commonly encountered difficulties in sharing or browsing large collections of multi-modal data. At its current state, repoVizz is designed to hold time-aligned streams of heterogeneous data: audio, video, motion capture, physiological signals, extracted descriptors, annotations, et cetera. Most popular formats for audio and video are supported, while Broadcast WAVE or CSV formats are adopted for streams other than audio or video (e.g., motion capture or physiological signals). The data itself is structured via customized XML files, allowing the user to (re-) organize multi-modal data in any hierarchical manner, as the XML structure only holds metadata and pointers to data files. Datasets are stored in an online database, allowing the user to interact with the data remotely through a powerful HTML5 visual interface accessible from any standard web browser; this feature can be considered a key aspect of repoVizz since data can be explored, annotated, or visualized from any location or device. Data exchange and upload/download is made easy and secure via a number of data conversion tools and a user/permission management system.
Persistent production of colony‐stimulating factor (CSF‐1) by cloned bone marrow stromal cell line D2XRII after X‐irradiation (1986)

The adherent stromal layer in long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) provides the cellular environment necessary for the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells. The role of humoral hematopoietic growth factors, colony-stimulating factors (CSF) in the regulation of hematopoietic cell production in this system is poorly understood. We have recently isolated and cloned an adherent cell line, D2XRII, derived from murine LTBMC. Plateau phase 25 cm2 cultures of 2 X 10(6) D2XRII cells in 8.0 ml produced CSF-1 (M-CSF) at around 100-150 units/0.1 ml medium. Following X-irradiation there was a dose-dependent decrease in the production of CSF-1 to a plateau of 50% of control levels at 10,000 rad. Higher doses did not produce a further decrease. The X-ray dose reducing CSF-1 production to 50% was 100-fold above the lethal dose as measured by clonagenic survival following trypsinization and replating. Trypsinized replated viable adherent but nondividing X-irradiated D2XRII cells were maintained for up to 8 weeks after irradiation and demonstrated continuous production of CSF-1. The data indicate significant divergence of two biologic effects of X-irradiation on plateau-phase marrow stromal cells: physiologic function of adherence and CSF-1 production, versus proliferative integrity. This divergence of effects may be very relevant to understanding the mechanism of X-irradiation-associated marrow suppression and leukemogenesis.
Temperature and transverse mode characteristics of InGaAsP (1.3 μm) vertical cavity lasers on GaAs substrates (2002)

We present the transverse mode and temperature characteristics of a novel InGaAsP (1.3 /spl mu/m) vertical cavity laser structure which employs a lattice mismatched GaAs/AlAs mirror and one dielectric mirror. The devices lase in a linearly polarized, single transverse mode up to 2 times threshold. The characteristic temperature of 11 /spl mu/m diameter devices is 67 K at room temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tissue Localization of a Submergence-Induced 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthase in Rice (2002)

At least two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase genes (ACS) are implicated in the submergence response of rice (Oryza sativa). Previously, the OS-ACS5 gene has been shown to be induced during short- as well as long-term complete submergence of seedlings and to be controlled by a balance of gibberellin and abscisic acid in both lowland and deepwater rice. This study demonstrates that OS-ACS5 mRNA is localized in specific tissues and cells both during normal development and in response to complete submergence. The temporal and spatial regulation of OS-ACS5 expression is presented by in situ hybridization and histochemical analysis of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in transgenic rice carrying an OS-ACS5-gus fusion. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that in air-grown rice seedlings, OS-ACS5 was expressed at a low level in the shoot apex, meristems, leaf, and adventitious root primordia, and in vascular tissues of nonelongated stems and leaf sheaths. In response to complete submergence, the expression in vascular bundles of young stems and leaf sheaths was strongly induced. The results of histochemical GUS assays were consistent with those found by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Our findings suggest that OS-ACS5 plays a role in vegetative growth of rice under normal conditions and is also recruited for enhanced growth upon complete submergence. The possible implication of OS-ACS5 in root-shoot communication during submergence stress and its putative role in aerenchyma formation upon low-oxygen stress are discussed.
Ultrafast electron diffraction from aligned molecules (2015)

The aim of this project was to record time-resolved electron diffraction patterns of aligned molecules and to reconstruct the 3D molecular structure. The molecules are aligned non-adiabatically using a femtosecond laser pulse. A femtosecond electron pulse then records a diffraction pattern while the molecules are aligned. The diffraction patterns are then be processed to obtain the molecular structure.
Liquid crystal cladded metallo-dielectric and all-dielectric frequency selective surfaces for broadband tunable optical filters and planar negative index optics (2006)

We demonstrate how liquid crystal cladded metallo-dielectric and all-dielectric frequency selective surfaces (FSS) can perform as broadband tunable optical filters and planar negative index optical materials. Structures are designed using a genetic algorithm technique that takes into account the specifics of nanofabrication techniques to maximize the effective optical material response and minimize losses as the birefringent nematic liquid crystal (NLC) overlayer is tuned.
Soluble Human Urokinase Receptor Is Composed of Two Active Units (1997)

The mechanism by which single-chain urokinase (scuPA) binds to its receptor (uPAR) is incompletely understood. We report that a fragment comprising the first domain of recombinant soluble uPAR (sDI) as well as a fragment comprising the remaining domains (sDII-DIII) competes with the binding of recombinant full-length soluble uPAR (suPAR) to scuPA with an IC<sub>50</sub> = 253 nM and an IC<sub>50</sub> = 1569, respectively. sDII-III binds directly to scuPA with <i>K</i><sub>d</sub> = 238 nM. Binding of scuPA to each fragment also induces the expression of plasminogen activator activity. sDI and sDII-DIII (200 nM each) induced activity equal to 66 and 36% of the maximum activity induced by full-length suPAR (5 nM), respectively. Each fragment also stimulates the binding of scuPA to cells lacking endogenous uPAR. Although scuPA binds to sDI and to sDII-DIII through its amino-terminal fragment, the fragments act synergistically to inhibit the binding of suPAR and to stimulate plasminogen activator activity. Furthermore, sDII-DIII retards the velocity and alters the pattern of cleavage of sDI by chymotrypsin. These results suggest that binding of scuPA to more than one epitope in suPAR is required for its optimal activation and association with cell membranes.
Baicalein Reduces Airway Injury in Allergen and IL-13 Induced Airway Inflammation (2013)

Our findings demonstrate that baicalein can attenuate important features of asthma, possibly through the reduction of airway injury and restoration of mitochondrial function.
Axial-field synchronous machine with homopolar flux in the airgap for a flywheel accumulator (2003)

A new axial-field synchronous machine designed for a flywheel accumulator is presented herein. The armature and field windings fixed in the airgap are made with double-face printed circuits. A specific armature layout provides a sine-distributed MMF and solves the problem of crossing the ends of the winding. A 2D semi-analytical model at the mean radius, using surface permeances, is then developed. Afterwards, inductances, torque and eddy current losses are calculated using this model and compared with experimental results.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESSES FOR COAL DERIVED CARBON PRODUCTS (2006)

The purpose of this DOE-funded effort is to develop continuous processes for solvent extraction of coal for the production of carbon products. The largest applications are those which support metals smelting, such as anodes for aluminum smelting and electrodes for arc furnaces. Other carbon products include materials used in creating fuels for the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell, and porous carbon structural material referred to as ''carbon foam'' and carbon fibers. During this reporting period, hydrotreatment of solvent was completed in preparation for pitch fabrication for graphite electrodes. Coal digestion has lagged but is expected to be complete by next quarter. Studies are reported on coal dissolution, pitch production, foam synthesis using physical blowing agents, and alternate coking techniques.
High‐Temperature Engineering Ceramics (2013)

Many ceramic materials offer a tantalizing combination of properties, including low density, high stiffness, good environmental resistance, and strength at very high temperatures. This chapter describes ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials, followed by discussions of turbine engines, friction materials, and applications for rocket propulsion and hypersonic vehicles. Despite the broad applicability and substantial benefits implied by CMC properties, actual use has been delayed primarily by two factors: (i) the current initial cost of CMC components is often significantly higher than current-use materials; and (ii) their life-limiting behavior is not fully understood. The current state of CMC technology is dominated by the reliability of manufacturing processes, life management, and cost. The chapter briefly discusses these factors. Finally, it touches upon some concluding remarks on remaining challenges and expectations.