gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly uniform InAlAs-InGaAs HEMT technology for high-speed optical communication system ICs (2003)

The authors have developed a highly uniform, InP-based high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) technology for high-speed optical communication system integrated circuits (ICs). Special attention was paid to obtaining a high yield and uniformity without degrading the high-frequency characteristics of these HEMTs. An InP etch-stopper layer was employed to control the gate recess etching. The authors successfully fabricated InAlAs-InGaAs HEMTs with a cutoff frequency of 175 GHz after interconnection, which is sufficiently high for application in 40-Gb/s optical communication ICs. The standard deviation of the threshold voltage was only 13 mV across a 3-in wafer. They also developed a fabrication process for a Y-shaped gate to maintain high uniformity, enabling us to integrate more than a thousand transistors with a 0.1-/spl mu/m-class gate length. With this technology, ICs with over 1000 transistors were successfully fabricated and operated at over 40 Gb/s. Furthermore, the authors fabricated a 2:1 multiplexer that had more than 200 transistors and reached an operating speed of 90 Gb/s. They have thus concluded that their InAlAs-InGaAs HEMT technology can be applied to fabricate high-speed ICs for optical communication systems.
Olefin Oxygenation by the Hydroperoxide Adduct of a Nonheme Manganese(IV) Complex:  Epoxidations by a Metallo−Peracid Produces Gentle Selective Oxidations (2005)

The reactive intermediates and mechanisms of oxygenation of olefins by manganese complexes were investigated by treating olefins with newly synthesized [MnIV(Me2EBC)(OH)2](PF6)2 in the presence and absence of peroxide and by studying its catalytic epoxidation reaction in normal aqueous solution and, individually, with isotopically labeled H218O, 18O2, and H218O2. The manganese oxo species is not the reactive intermediate for the oxygen transfer process mediated by this manganese complex. A novel manganese(IV) peroxide intermediate, MnIV(Me2EBC)(O)(OOH)+, was captured by mass spectrometry and is proposed as the intermediate that oxygenates olefins in this catalytic system.
Compact Thermosyphon with Refrigerant Flow Control. Improvement of Heat Transfer Characteristics in the Cooling Unit with Multiple Power Modules Mounted Vertically. (1997)

In a compact closed two-phase loop thermosyphon which consists of a multi-radiator and a refrigerant bath with multiple power modules mounted vertically the heat radiation performance deteriorates as the refrigerant bath becomes thinner. We have found that this is because the return condensate is blocked by the backflow of the bubble in the return path when the heat load decreases and increases sharply. We have also improved the heat radiation performance by providing an adiabatic path between the boiling area and the return path.
Optical phase-transparent data grooming exchange of multi-channel 100-Gbit/s RZ-DQPSK signals (2010)

We propose a simple method to realize multi-channel grooming exchange using the degenerate FWM in a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF). Optical phase-transparent data exchange of four-channel 100-Gbit/s RZ-DQPSK signals is demonstrated with a penalty <;4.7dB.
Selenium and Outcome in Heart Failure (2019)

Selenium deficiency in heart failure patients is independently associated with impaired exercise tolerance and a 50% higher mortality rate, and impaired mitochondrial function in vitro, in human cardiomyocytes. Clinical trials are needed to investigate the effect of selenium supplements in patients with heart failure, especially if they have low plasma concentrations of selenium.
Dynamic Pressure–Flow Velocity Relationships in the Human Cerebral Circulation (2003)

CCP can be accurately estimated from regular heartbeat data and is an important factor in regulation of the cerebral circulation.
In vitro dephosphorylation inhibits the activity of soybean lysine‐ketoglutarate reductase in a lysine‐regulated manner (1997)

In plant seeds, the essential amino acid lysine auto‐regulates its own level by modulating the activity of its catabolic enzyme lysine‐ketoglutarate reductase via an intracellular signaling cascade, mediated by Ca 2+ and protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. In the present report, it has been further tested whether the activity of soybean lysine‐ketoglutarate reductase, as well as that of saccharopine dehydrogenase, the second enzyme in the pathway of lysine catabolism, are modulated by direct phosphorylation of the bifunctional polypeptide containing both of these linked activities. Incubation of purified lysine‐ketoglutarate reductase/ saccharopine dehydrogenase with casein kinase II resulted in a significant phosphorylation of the bifunctional enzyme. Moreover, in vitro dephosphorylation of the bifunctional polypeptide with alkaline phosphatase significantly inhibited the activity of lysine‐ketoglutarate reductase, but not of its linked enzyme saccharopine dehydrogenase. The inhibitory effect of alkaline phosphatase on lysine‐ketoglutarate reductase activity was dramatically stimulated by binding of lysine to the enzyme. Our results suggest that in plant seeds, active lysine‐ketoglutarate reductase is a phospho‐protein, and that its activity is modulated by opposing actions of protein kinases and phosphatases. Moreover, this modulation is subject to a compound regulation by lysine.
A Matrix Isolation, Laser Flash Photolysis, and Computational Study of Adamantene (2001)

Photolysis (350 nm) of 3-noradamantyldiazirine (5) in argon at 14 K produces adamantene (1) (λmax = 320 nm; IR, ν = 1478 cm-1) and protoadamant-3-ene (8) (λmax = 220 nm); IR, ν = 1580 cm-1). Strained alkenes 1 and 8 can be interconverted photochemically in argon at 14 K. Laser flash photolysis (351 nm) of 5 in benzene solution produces 1. The decay of 1 is monitored at 325 nm. Absolute rate constants of reaction of 1 with methanol, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, tris(trimethylsilyl)silane, acetic acid, and oxygen are reported.
The red blood cell in vascular occlusion (2002)

Red blood cells (RBC) have unique flow-affecting properties--namely, aggregability, deformability and adherence to endothelial cells (EC)--which play major roles in blood flow. Under normal flow-induced shear stress RBC are dispersed, their adherence to EC is insignificant, and they are sufficiently deformable to enable tissue perfusion. However, in pathological conditions that are associated with low-flow states (e.g., trauma, ischemia), elevated plasma components (mainly fibrinogen), or altered RBC properties (e.g., hemoglobinopathies, oxidative stress, inflammation, diabetes), RBC flow properties are altered and present a circulatory risk.
Whole Genome Amplification by T7-Based Linear Amplification of DNA (TLAD): I. CIP Treatment of Samples and Tailing Reaction with Terminal Transferase (2008)

INTRODUCTIONT7-based linear amplification of DNA (TLAD) uses a linear amplification approach based on in vitro transcription (IVT) of template DNA by RNA polymerase from T7 phage. TLAD was designed for use with the ChIP-chip method (whereby DNA recovered from chromatin immunoprecipitation [ChIP] of cell lysate is used for subsequent analysis on DNA microarrays) and requires nanogram quantities of dsDNA to generate microgram amounts of amplified RNA. In Part I of the method, described here, a 3' conserved end is added to the template dsDNA, using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) tailing. The initial treatment with calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP) is optional but strongly recommended for removing 3' phosphate groups, because most genomic DNA fragmentation methods (i.e., sonication, micrococcal nuclease digestion, and certain restriction digests) produce a significant proportion of 3' phosphate groups within the mixture of fragmented genomic DNA. This protocol is compatible with the presence of RNase A and can be carried out immediately after digestion of RNA carried over from ChIP, without any intermediate clean-up step. The tailing reaction involves the addition of a short (20-40 nucleotide [nt]) poly(dT) tail to the template DNA. The included dideoxynucleotide acts as a tail terminator in the reaction mixture and is necessary to maintain a tight size distribution. This poly(dT) tail provides a conserved 3' element that permits the addition of a T7 promoter sequence in the subsequent second-strand synthesis step. IVT can then use this newly appended T7 promoter and linearly amplify the template dsDNA, producing amplified RNA product.
Time Series Analysis and Mining Techniques (2011)

A time series is a sequence of data values that are recorded with equal or varying time intervals. Time series data usually includes timestamps that indicate the time at which each individual value in the times series is recorded. Time series data is usually transmitted in the form of a data stream, i.e., continuous flow of data values. Source of time series data can be any system that measures and records data values over the course of time. Some examples of time series data may be recorded from stock values, blood pressure of a patient, temperature of a room, amount of a product in the inventory, and amount of precipitation in a region. Proper analysis and mining of time series data may yield valuable knowledge about the underlying characteristics of the data source. Time series analysis and mining has applications in many domains, such as financial, biomedical, and meteorological applications, because time series data may be generated by various sources in different domains. Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Sacrificial Synthesis of Supported Ru Single Atoms and Clusters on N‐doped Carbon Derived from Covalent Triazine Frameworks: A Charge Modulation Approach (2020)

High-temperature pyrolysis of nitrogen (N)-rich, crystalline porous organic architectures in the presence of a metal precursor is an important chemical process in heterogeneous catalysis for the fabrication of highly porous N-carbon-supported metal catalysts. Herein, covalent triazine framework (CTF) and CTF-I (that is, CTF after charge modulation with iodomethane) are presented as sacrificial templates, for the synthesis of carbon-supported Ru catalysts-Ru-CTF-900 and Ru-CTF-I-900 respectively, following high-temperature pyrolysis at 900 °C under N<sub>2</sub> atmosphere. Predictably, the dispersed Ru on pristine CTF carrier suffered severe sintering of the Ru nanoparticles (NPs) during heat treatment at 900 °C. However, the Ru-CTF-I-900 catalyst is composed of ultra-small Ru NPs and abundant Ru single atoms which may have resulted from much stronger Ru-N interactions. Through modification of the micro-environment within the CTF architecture, Ru precursor interacted on charged-modulated CTF framework shows electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance, thus contributing toward the high density of single Ru atoms and even smaller Ru NPs after pyrolysis. A Ru-Ru coordination number of only 1.3 is observed in the novel Ru-CTF-I-900 catalyst, which exhibits significantly higher catalytic activity than Ru-CTF-900 for transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone.
High-Sensitivity Logarithmic Recorder of Ultrasonic Attenuation (1969)

A sensitive instrument for measuring and recording the amplitude ratio of two video pulses from an ultrasonic echo train is described. The instrument has been designed primarily for ultrasonic attenuation studies using pulse-echo techniques but may also be used for through transmission, and/or single echo measurements. The unit selects two pulses from the echo train, peak detects them, and measures their amplitude difference in a differential logarithmic voltmeter calibrated in decibels. The resultant output may also be applied to an external recorder. Provisions for zero suppression are included to permit the use of the most sensitive meter range (0.01-dB resolution) when small changes in attenuation are to be measured against a large background attenuation. Automatic gain control, operating from the first selected echo, has been incorporated in order to maintain operation in the linear portion of the receiver dynamic range.
Expression and Function of Group IIE Phospholipase A2 in Mouse Skin (2016)

Recent studies using knock-out mice for various secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) isoforms have revealed their non-redundant roles in diverse biological events. In the skin, group IIF sPLA2 (sPLA2-IIF), an "epidermal sPLA2" expressed in the suprabasal keratinocytes, plays a fundamental role in epidermal-hyperplasic diseases such as psoriasis and skin cancer. In this study, we found that group IIE sPLA2 (sPLA2-IIE) was expressed abundantly in hair follicles and to a lesser extent in basal epidermal keratinocytes in mouse skin. Mice lacking sPLA2-IIE exhibited skin abnormalities distinct from those in mice lacking sPLA2-IIF, with perturbation of hair follicle ultrastructure, modest changes in the steady-state expression of a subset of skin genes, and no changes in the features of psoriasis or contact dermatitis. Lipidomics analysis revealed that sPLA2-IIE and -IIF were coupled with distinct lipid pathways in the skin. Overall, two skin sPLA2s, hair follicular sPLA2-IIE and epidermal sPLA2-IIF, play non-redundant roles in distinct compartments of mouse skin, underscoring the functional diversity of multiple sPLA2s in the coordinated regulation of skin homeostasis and diseases.
NOVEL METHODS FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS (2023)

Intro: Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria pose a major threat to the healthcare and agricultural system. Problems with appropriate treatment in these settings arise through the lack of fast identification of the disease-causing species and lengthy handling processes. Current methods for bacterial identification require culturing and often take days until a result can be returned. This not only means that patients experience a lag in their treatment but the potential administration of ineffective or broad-spectrum antibiotics also increases the likelihood for resistance to develop. Methods: We established three rapid methods for the detection of mastitis pathogens from bovine milk without the need to culture the pathogen. Findings: Using laser-assisted Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (LA-REIMS) made it possible to detect specific biomarkers in less than 30 minutes. Interestingly, these molecules were found to originate from a pathogen- specific host-immune response as well as the bacteria themselves. In a second approach, a combination of portable PCR techniques using highly specific primers with a printed array strip enabled the detection of major mastitis pathogens within 120 minutes. Furthermore, the construction of a set of whole- cell bacterial biosensors allows for visual detection of pathogens without any equipment in less than 240 minutes. This system can also be modified to function as a targeted drug delivery system. Conclusion: The presented methods drastically reduce the time needed for the specification of disease-causing pathogens and enable an informed antibiotic administration from the start of the treatment, which can improve the quality of care and reduce the emergence of antimicrobial resistances.
Experimental Intravesical Therapy for Superficial Transitional Cell Carcinoma in a Rat Bladder Tumor Model (1991)

A rodent bladder cancer model that is induced by intravesical instillation of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was characterized. Cohorts of four to five week old female Fisher 344 rats received four biweekly 1.5 mg. doses of intravesical MNU and were sacrificed at various intervals. By week 13 all animals had flat atypia and/or papillary transitional cell tumors, and 67% of the lesions were moderately (grade II) or poorly differentiated (grade III). By week 20, 83% had gross muscle invasive tumors that eventually killed the host. A cohort of 40 MNU treated animals was subsequently treated commencing at week 17 after initiation of MNU with one of three intravesical six week regimens: 1) saline; 2) BCG (Tice strain); or 3) recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (RTNF) plus adriamycin. There was no difference in animal survival or tumor growth in any group of animals commencing therapy at week 17. A second cohort of 107 animals commenced therapy at 13 weeks after initiation of MNU with one of five intravesical six week regimens: 1) intravesical BCG (Tice strain); 2) adriamycin; 3) recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (RTNF); 4) RTNF plus adriamycin; or 5) BCG plus adriamycin. BCG, RTNF or adriamycin alone had no effect on tumor growth; however, BCG plus adriamycin and RTNF plus adriamycin commencing at week 13 significantly inhibited tumor growth and progression. In conclusion, this autochthonous intravesical rodent transitional cell carcinoma model appears useful for the following reasons: 1) it closely resembles human transitional cell carcinoma histologically and biologically in that all animals develop neoplastic changes in-situ that progress to muscle invasion and kill the host; 2) as with human bladder cancer these tumors do not respond to intravesical therapy if treated when tumor burden is large; however, tumor growth is inhibited when treated early; and 3) this model appears appropriate for screening and developing new intravesical treatments for superficial bladder cancer.
Ataxin-2 and huntingtin interact with endophilin-A complexes to function in plastin-associated pathways (2005)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by an expanded trinucleotide repeat in the SCA2 gene, encoding a polyglutamine stretch in the gene product ataxin-2. Although evidence has been provided that ataxin-2 is involved in RNA metabolism, the physiological function of ataxin-2 remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ataxin-2 interacts with two members of the endophilin family, endophilin-A1 and endophilin-A3. To elucidate the physiological implications of these interactions, we exploited yeast as a model system and discovered that expression of ataxin-2 as well as both endophilin proteins is toxic for yeast lacking the SAC6 gene product fimbrin, a protein involved in actin filament organization and endocytotic processes. Intriguingly, expression of huntingtin, another polyglutamine protein interacting with endophilin-A3, was also toxic in Deltasac6 yeast. These effects can be suppressed by simultaneous expression of one of the two human fimbrin orthologs, L- or T-plastin. Moreover, we have discovered that ataxin-2 associates with L- and T-plastin and that overexpression of ataxin-2 leads to accumulation of T-plastin in mammalian cells. Thus, our findings suggest an interplay between ataxin-2, endophilin proteins and huntingtin in plastin-associated cellular pathways.
Quantifying Uncertainty in Tortuosity Estimates for Porous Electrodes (2021)

Measuring tortuosity in porous electrodes is important for understanding rate capability and optimizing design. Here, we describe an approach to determine electrode tortuosities and quantify the associated uncertainties by fitting a P2D model to discharge profiles from a standard rate capability test. A dimensionless current is identified as a design-of-experiment parameter that can be used to identify experiments that return confident estimates of tortuosity, even when other model parameters are not known with certainty. This approach is applied to analysis of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> (LVO) electrodes and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.33</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.33</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>o</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.33</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> (NMC) electrodes. The details of the assumptions made in these measurements and their impact on the reported uncertainties are discussed. We also perform an uncertainty analysis on the standard method for quantifying tortuosity in the literature: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy collected under blocking electrolyte conditions. We find that confident estimates can be obtained using this approach even when uncertainties in equivalent circuit model parameters are considered.
Refractive-index-based optofluidic particle manipulation (2013)

This letter describes optofluidic particle manipulation based on the refractive index contrast between the particle and the surrounding medium. A laser beam propagated along one sidewall of a microfluidic channel will introduce a force that pushes a high-refractive-index particle toward the Gaussian-shaped laser beam center axis. By contrast, a low-refractive-index particle will be pushed away from the beam center axis and toward the other sidewall of the channel because the direction of the gradient forces acting on such a particle is opposite the direction of the forces acting on a high-refractive-index particle. The gradient forces acting on a particle were calculated to predict and interpret the particle behavior. High-refractive-index and low-refractive-index particles, prepared from polystyrene latex (PSL) and hollow glass particles with refractive indices of 1.59 and 1.22, respectively, were employed. The PSL and hollow glass particles could be separated based on their refractive indices. Doubly attached identical particles behaved as a single particle.
A 17.5-dBm D-band power amplifier and doubler chain in SiGe BiCMOS technology (2014)

A D-Band ×2 frequency multiplier-amplifier chain implemented in a f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> /f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</inf> = 200/250GHz 0.12μm SiGe BiCMOS technology is presented. The chain achieves a peak output power of 17.5dBm at 115GHz and consists of input balun and push-push frequency doubler which drives a balanced three stages Power Amplifier (PA). It operates from 108GHz to 128GHz (3 dB power bandwidth) with 3dBm input power at V-Band and consumes a total DC power of 600mW. The PA achieves output 1dB compression point and saturated power of 13.3 and 17.1dBm, respectively, at 120GHz and peak small signal gain of 25.5dB.
Supplementary Table 2 from Gene Expression Profiling using Nanostring Digital RNA Counting to Identify Potential Target Antigens for Melanoma Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 51K, Supplemental Table S2. Cell Lines: mel1300 mel526 mel624.38 mel888 SK-mel-23&lt;/p&gt;