gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In situ GaN decomposition analysis by quadrupole mass spectrometry and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (2008)

Thermal decomposition of wurtzite (0001)-oriented GaN was analyzed: in vacuum, under active N exposure, and during growth by rf plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The GaN decomposition rate was determined by measurements of the Ga desorption using in situ quadrupole mass spectrometry, which showed Arrhenius behavior with an apparent activation energy of 3.1 eV. Clear signatures of intensity oscillations during reflection high-energy electron diffraction measurements facilitated complementary evaluation of the decomposition rate and highlighted a layer-by-layer decomposition mode in vacuum. Exposure to active nitrogen, either under vacuum or during growth under N-rich growth conditions, strongly reduced the GaN losses due to GaN decomposition.
Network-Assisted Widely Linear Receivers for LTE (2013)

In order to improve cell-edge performance in LTE downlink, several techniques (e.g., Coordinated multi-point transmission) are investigated in the literature which rely on coordination of transmitting nodes without further optimization of receiver algorithms. This paper introduces a new coordination method where the radio network coordinates its transmitted modulation alphabet to assist a widely-linear MMSE (WL-MMSE) receiver to mitigate more effectively the received interference. Assistance from the network ensures that a WL-MMSE receiver is exposed to PAM-type interference which is afterwards mitigated. The technique exploits the fact that complex-valued baseband received samples are split in in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) parts. These I-Q samples are filtered independently using widely-linear processing. Consequently, better signal estimation is achieved under conditions of PAM-type interference as it is shown by the available literature in widely linear filtering. Finally, simulation results for the introduced scheme show up to 88% coverage gain.
Beam Focusing for Near-Field Multi-User MIMO Communications (2021)

Large antenna arrays and high-frequency bands are two key features of future wireless communication systems. The combination of large-scale antennas with high transmission frequencies often results in the communicating devices operating in the near-field (Fresnel) region. In this paper, we study the potential of beam focusing, feasible in near-field operation, in facilitating high-rate multi-user downlink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. As the ability to achieve beam focusing is dictated by the transmit antenna, we study near-field signaling considering different antenna structures, including fully-digital architectures, hybrid phase shifter-based precoders, and the emerging dynamic metasurface antenna (DMA) architecture for massive MIMO arrays. We first provide a mathematical model to characterize near-field wireless channels as well as the transmission pattern for the considered antenna architectures. Then, we formulate the beam focusing problem for the goal of maximizing the achievable sum-rate in multi-user networks. We propose efficient solutions based on the sum-rate maximization task for fully-digital, (phase shifters based-) hybrid and DMA architectures. Simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed beam focusing scheme for both single- and multi-user scenarios. In particular, the designed focused beams are such that users residing at the same angular direction can communicate reliably without interfering with each other, which is not achievable using conventional far-field beam steering.
Using Talking Lights Illumination-Based Communication Networks to Enhance Word Comprehension by People Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing (2003)

This article details a new method that has been developed to transmit auditory and visual information to people who are deaf or hard of hearing. In this method, ordinary fluorescent lighting is modulated to carry an assistive data signal throughout a room while causing no flicker or other distracting visual problems. In limited trials with participants who are deaf or hard of hearing, this assistive system, combined with commercial voice recognition software, showed statistically significant improvement in sentence recognition compared to recognition of audio-only or audio-plus-speech-reading stimuli.
Direct Identification and Quantitative Determination of Acidic and Neutral Diterpenes Using 13C-NMR Spectroscopy. Application to the Analysis of Oleoresin of Pinus nigra (2002)

We report a methodology that allows identification and quantitative detrmination of individual acidic and neutral diterpenes in natural mixtures, using the computer-aided analysis of their 13 C-NMR spectra. The analytical procedure was validated on artificial mixtures and then applied to authentic oleoresins of Pinus nigra. Up to eleven diterpenes, which represented 63% of the total composition of the oleoresin, were identified and quantified without previous separation or derivatization.
Flow-Induced Deformation of 3D Elastic Capsules (2011)

We present an improved penalty immersed boundary (pIB) method for simulation of flow‐induced deformation of 3D elastic capsules. The membrane deformation takes full account of the bending and twisting effects as well as the stretching and shearing effects. Hence, the method of subdivision surfaces is adopted to generate the mesh of membrane and the corresponding shape functions, which are required to be C1 continuous. Using the proposed pIB method, the deformation of 3D elastic capsules in simple shear flow is studied in detail. For an initially spherical capsule the steady tank‐treading motion is formed, in which the capsule maintains constant shape and orientation but rotates around the interior fluid. Time histories of the deformation parameter at various dimentionless shear rates and reduced bending moduli are presented and compared with data from previous studies.
Yeast-expressed recombinant protein of the receptor-binding domain in SARS-CoV spike protein with deglycosylated forms as a SARS vaccine candidate (2013)

Development of vaccines for preventing a future pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and for biodefense preparedness is urgently needed. Our previous studies have shown that a candidate SARS vaccine antigen consisting of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV spike protein can induce potent neutralizing antibody responses and protection against SARS-CoV challenge in vaccinated animals. To optimize expression conditions for scale-up production of the RBD vaccine candidate, we hypothesized that this could be potentially achieved by removing glycosylation sites in the RBD protein. In this study, we constructed two RBD protein variants: 1) RBD193-WT (193-aa, residues 318-510) and its deglycosylated forms (RBD193-N1, RBD193-N2, RBD193-N3); 2) RBD219-WT (219-aa, residues 318-536) and its deglycosylated forms (RBD219-N1, RBD219-N2, and RBD219-N3). All constructs were expressed as recombinant proteins in yeast. The purified recombinant proteins of these constructs were compared for their antigenicity, functionality and immunogenicity in mice using alum as the adjuvant. We found that RBD219-N1 exhibited high expression yield, and maintained its antigenicity and functionality. More importantly, RBD219-N1 induced significantly stronger RBD-specific antibody responses and a higher level of neutralizing antibodies in immunized mice than RBD193-WT, RBD193-N1, RBD193-N3, or RBD219-WT. These results suggest that RBD219-N1 could be selected as an optimal SARS vaccine candidate for further development.
Development Status of AMSC Amperium®Wire (2014)

AMSC produces Second Generation (2G) HTS wire for utility power applications as well as coil, motor and generator solutions. In this paper, various types of AMSC's Amperium® wire suitable to power cables, fault current limiters and coils are reviewed. In addition, recently developed performance-improvements in amperage, reduced ac power loss and mechanical properties are summarized. The introduction of thicker HTS layers coupled with optimized heat treatments to enhance critical current density dramatically improve both cable and coil wire current-carrying capability. A non-magnetic RABiTSTM substrate has now been developed to the point where it is compatible with the manufacturing process and capable of sustaining large critical currents. Finally, the ability of Amperium® wires to withstand cable-winding stresses, and to exhibit the high transverse c-axis strength critical to the reliability of the wire in coils, are discussed.
LY6A/E (SCA-1) Expression in the Mouse Testis (2005)

Recently, it was found by two research groups that LY6A, known widely in the stem cell community as stem cell antigen-1 or SCA-1, is expressed on testicular side population (SP) cells. Whether these SP cells are spermatogonial stem cells is a point of disagreement and, therefore, the identity of the LY6A-positive cells as well. We studied the expression pattern of LY6A in testis by immunohistochemistry and found it to be expressed in the interstitial tissue on peritubular myoid, endothelial, and spherical-shaped peritubular mesenchymal cells. To address the question whether LY6A has a function in spermatogenesis or testis development, we studied the testis of Ly6a(-/-) mice (allele Ly6a(tm1Pmf)). We found no morphological abnormalities or differences in numbers of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, Leydig cells, or macrophages in relation to the number of Sertoli cells. Therefore, we conclude that LY6A expression does not influence testis development or spermatogenesis and that spermatogonial stem cells are LY6A negative.
EDP-938, a novel nucleoprotein inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus, demonstrates potent antiviral activities in vitro and in a non-human primate model (2021)

EDP-938 is a novel non-fusion replication inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It is highly active against all RSV-A and B laboratory strains and clinical isolates tested in vitro in various cell lines and assays, with half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) of 21, 23 and 64 nM against Long (A), M37 (A) and VR-955 (B) strains, respectively, in the primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). EDP-938 inhibits RSV at a post-entry replication step of the viral life cycle as confirmed by time-of-addition study, and the activity appears to be mediated by viral nucleoprotein (N). In vitro resistance studies suggest that EDP-938 presents a higher barrier to resistance compared to viral fusion or non-nucleoside L polymerase inhibitors with no cross-resistance observed. Combinations of EDP-938 with other classes of RSV inhibitors lead to synergistic antiviral activity in vitro. Finally, EDP-938 has also been shown to be efficacious in vivo in a non-human primate model of RSV infection.
Titelbild (2001)

Das Titelbild zeigt eine Hg-SAM1//SAM2-Ag-Nanoschnittstelle, mit der eine Vielzahl an selbstorganisierten Monoschichten (SAMs) auf ihre elektronischen Eigenschaften untersucht werden kann. Der Aufbau dieser molekularen Schnittstelle, die aus einer Quecksilberelektrode mit der SAM1 (oben) und einem silberbeschichteten Siliciumwafer mit der SAM2 (unten) besteht, ist einfach und erlaubt das schnelle Screening unterschiedlich funktionalisierter Monoschichten. Im Bild erkennt man eine Grenzflächenreflexion (ein Spiegelbild) des Quecksilbertropfens an der unteren Silberschicht. In dieser Messanordnung wurden die elektronischen Eigenschaften einer Reihe von aromatischen und terminal funktionalisierten SAMs gemessen; diese wurden dann mit der molekularen Struktur der jeweiligen SAM korreliert. Einzelheiten über diese Nanoschnittstelle finden sich im Beitrag von M. A. Rampi, G. M. Whitesides et al. auf S. 2378 ff.
Defining the Molecular Interactions that are Important for the Poisoning of Human Topoisomerase I by Benzimidazoles and Terbenzimidazoles (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Human DNA Topoisomerase Type I Topoisomerase I as a Target for Anticancer Drugs Benzimidazoles The Extent to which Benzimidazoles Stimulate hTOP1-mediated DNA Cleavage Depends on their Structure Identification of hTOP1 as the Specific Cytotoxic Target of 5N2pMPB Viscometric Measurements Reveal that 56MD2pMPB Binding Unwinds Negative Supercoils in pUC19, Consistent with an Intercalative Mode of Interaction The Affinity of Benzimidazoles for Duplex DNA is Modulated by the Structure and Electronic Properties of the Substituents on the Benzimidazole Rings Benzimidazole Binding to Duplex DNA Requires the Ligand to be in its Fully Protonated Cationic State DNA Binding Alone is not Sufficient to Impart Benzimidazoles with the Ability to Trap and Stabilize the Cleavable TOP1–DNA Complex A Structural Model for the Ternary hTOP1–5N2pHPB–DNA Cleavable Complex that is Consistent with the Current Structure–Activity Database Terbenzimidazoles The Pattern of hTOP1-mediated DNA Cleavage Induced by Terbenzimidazoles is Distinct from that Induced by CPT TOP1 Poisoning by Terbenzimidazoles is not the Result of Ligand-induced DNA Unwinding TB Derivatives Exhibit Linear Dichroism Properties Characteristic of Minor Groove-directed DNA Binding The Relative DNA-binding Affinities of the Terbenzimidazoles is Correlated with their Relative TOP1-poisoning Activities A Potential Role for Ligand Interactions with the DNA Minor Groove in Stabilization of the TOP1–DNA Cleavable Complex
Fatty Acid Binding Proteins from Different Tissues Show Distinct Patterns of Fatty Acid Interactions (2000)

Fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) form a family of proteins displaying tissue-specific expression. These proteins are involved in fatty acid (FA) transport and metabolism by mechanisms that also appear to be tissue-specific. Cellular retinoid binding proteins are related proteins with unknown roles in FA transport and metabolism. To better understand the origin of these tissue-specific differences we report new measurements, using the acrylodated intestinal fatty acid binding protein (ADIFAB) method, of the binding of fatty acids (FA) to human fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) from brain, heart, intestine, liver, and myelin. We also measured binding of FA to a retinoic acid (CRABP-I) and a retinol (CRBP-II) binding protein and we have extended to 19 different FA our characterization of the FA-ADIFAB and FA-rat intestinal FABP interactions. These studies extend our previous analyses of human FABP from adipocyte and rat FABPs from heart, intestine, and liver. Binding affinities varied according to the order brain approximately myelin approximately heart > liver > intestine > CRABP > CRBP. In contrast to previous studies, no protein revealed a high degree of selectivity for particular FA. The results indicate that FA solubility (hydrophobicity) plays a major role in governing binding affinities; affinities tend to increase with increasing hydrophobicity (decreasing solubility) of the FA. However, our results also reveal that, with the exception of the intestinal protein, FABPs exhibit an additional attractive interaction for unsaturated FA that partially compensates for their trend toward lower affinities due to their higher aqueous solubilities. Thermodynamic potentials were determined for oleate and arachidonate binding to a subset of the FABP and retinoid binding proteins. FA binding to all FABPs was enthalpically driven. The DeltaH degrees values for paralogous FABPs, proteins from the same species but different tissues, reveal an exceptionally wide range of values, from -22 kcal/mol (myelin) to -7 kcal/mol (adipocyte). For orthologous FABPs from the same tissue but different species, DeltaH degrees values were similar. In contrast to the enthalpic dominance of FA binding to FABP, binding of FA to CRABP-I was entropically driven. This is consistent with the notion that FA specificity for FABP is determined by the enthalpy of binding. Proteins from different tissues also revealed considerable heterogeneity in heat capacity changes upon FA binding, DeltaC(p) values ranged between 0 and -1.3 kcal mol(-1) K(-1). The results demonstrate that thermodynamic parameters are quite different for paralogous but are quite similar for orthologous FABP, suggesting tissue-specific differences in FABP function that may be conserved across species.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Photocycloadditions on Dioxolenones: An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Medium‐Sized Rings. (1987)

Abstract Photolysis of the dienones (I), (VI), and (XI) yields the intramolecular cycloadducts (II), (III), (VII), and (XII).
Luminescence based fiber optic probe for the detection of rare earth elements (2023)

The disclosure relates to an apparatus, method and process for detecting rare earth elements. The system includes an LED powered by a first power source and a focusing lens in optical communication with the LED. A shortpass filter is in optical communication with the focusing lens; and a fiber bifurcated cable in optical communication with the shortpass filter. The system includes a probe tip in optical communication with the fiber bifurcated cable and a sample; a first aspheric lens in optical communication with the fiber bifurcated cable. A longpass filter is in optical communication with the first aspheric lens and a second aspheric lens in optical communication with the longpass filter. The system includes a spectrometer connected to a power source, where the spectrometer is in optical communication with the second aspheric lens.
A Study on Digital Communication in Air Using Parametric Array (2009)

This paper demonstrates the digital communication in air using the parametric array. The stepped-plate transducer which is suitable for high-power and high-efficient radiation is used to generate the difference frequency wave with the parametric array. The primary frequencies are selected to 83 kHz and 122 kHz and the resulting difference frequency wave at the frequency of 39 kHz is used for the communication. The modulation method is selected to On-Off Keying method. The waveform and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is measured and analyzed to see the characteristics of the digital communication using the parametric array. The proper distance for the communication using parametric array is about 3 m. The measured beam width of the 3dB SNR reduction was . The possibility of the communication in air using the parametric array is confirmed and the high directional characteristic of the communication using the parametric array is expected to have the advantages for the multi path and the security problems.
Precise and high-speed lightwave control for huge-capacity transmission and advanced optical signal processing (2009)

We present recent progress of high-speed Mach-Zehnder interferometer based device technologies for advanced modulation formats, and high-performance optical switching. Multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation signal can be synthesized by using parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators. Mach-Zehnder interferometer based switching devices can provide guard-time-free switching with 10-Gb/s signals.
Two new functions in the WormBase Enrichment Suite (2018)

​Genome-wide experiments routinely generate large amounts of data that can be hard to interpret biologically. A common approach to interpreting these results is to employ enrichment analyses of controlled languages, known as ontologies, that describe various biological parameters such as gene molecular or biological function. In C. elegans, three distinct ontologies, the Gene Ontology (GO), Anatomy Ontology (AO), and the Worm Phenotype Ontology (WPO) are used to annotate gene function, expression and phenotype, respectively (Ashburner et al. 2000; Lee and Sternberg, 2003; Schindelman et al. 2011). Previously, we developed software to test datasets for enrichment of anatomical terms, called the Tissue Enrichment Analysis (TEA) tool (Angeles-Albores and Sternberg, 2016). Using the same hypergeometric statistical method, we extend enrichment testing to include WPO and GO, offering a unified approach to enrichment testing in C. elegans. The WormBase Enrichment Suite can be accessed via a user-friendly interface at http://www.wormbase.org/tools/enrichment/tea/tea.cgi. To validate the tools, we analyzed a previously published extracellular vesicle (EV)-releasing neuron (EVN) signature gene set derived from dissociated ciliated EV neurons (Wang et al. 2015) using WormBase Enrichment Suite based on the WS262 WormBase release. TEA correctly identified the CEM, hook sensillum and IL2 neuron as enriched tissues. The top phenotype associated with the EVN signature was chemosensory behavior. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that cell projection and cell body were the most enriched cellular components in this gene set, followed by the biological processes neuropeptide signaling pathway and vesicle localization further down. The tutorial script used to generate the figure above can be viewed at: https://github.com/dangeles/TissueEnrichmentAnalysis/blob/master/tutorial/Tutorial.ipynb
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure RWJ 69442, a Development Candidate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interaction of HTLV-I Tax with the Human Proteasome: Implications for NF-κB Induction (1996)

The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) has been etiologically associated with the development of the adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) as well as degenerative neurologic syndrome termed tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). HTLV-I encodes a potent transactivator protein termed Tax that appears to play an important role in the process of T-cell immortalization. Even though the mechanisms by which Tax induces transformation are still unknown, it seems likely that the ability of Tax to alter the expression of many cellular genes plays an important part in this process. Tax does not bind directly to DNA but rather deregulates the activity of cellular transcription factors. One family of host transcription factors whose activity is altered by Tax includes NF-kappa B/Rel. These transcription factors are post-transcriptionally regulated by their assembly with a second family of inhibitory proteins termed I kappa B that serve to sequester the NF-kappa B/Rel complexes in the cytoplasm. Upon cellular activation, I kappa B alpha is phosphorylated, polyubiquitinated, and degraded in the proteasome. This proteolytic event liberates NF-kappa B, permitting its rapid translocation into the nucleus where it binds to its cognate enhancer elements. Similarly, the p105 precursor of the NF-kappa B p50 subunit is also post-translationally processed in the proteasome. The mechanisms by which Tax activates NF-kappa B remain unclear, and findings presented in the literature are often controversial. We identified a physical interaction between Tax and the HsN3 subunit of the human proteasome. This raises the intriguing possibility that physical association of the HsN3 proteasome subunit with HTLV-I Tax coupled with the independent interaction of Tax with either p100 or p65-I kappa B alpha targets these cytoplasmic NF-kappa B/Rel complexes to the proteasome for processing.