gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Ramsey interference and its performance in D1 line excitation in rubidium vapor for implementation of a vapor cell clock (2011)

Pulsed coherent population trapping in atomic vapor provides a convenient method for generating frequency narrowed atomic resonance using Ramsey interference. Here, we present our experimental results showing high-contrast and sub-kilohertz Ramsey interference fringes produced by coherently prepared <sup>85</sup>Rb atoms using Raman excitation formed in D1 line transitions. A test system for atomic clock has been constructed to measure light shift for both continuous and pulsed Raman excitation cases. Our measurements show that light shift measured using pulsed Raman excitation, is reduced compared to the continuous excitation case. Our ability to measure light shift is currently limited by the resolution of the frequency counter, and performance of the locking electronics used.
Optimizing your reception area. (2012)

Through the optimization of reception areas (waiting rooms), physicians can improve the medical experiences of their patients. A qualitative investigation identified issues relevant to improving the quality of the reception area and was used to develop a thorough questionnaire. Most patients were satisfied with accessibility, reception area conditions, and performance of doctors and nurses. The main reasons for dissatisfaction were due to remediable points. No correlations were found between patient satisfaction and age, sex, or religion. A 36-item checklist for satisfaction with reception areas is offered as a useful tool for health quality self-assessment.
Raster Area Scatter Measurements And Sample Uniformity (1989)

Raster scan measurement of optical light scatter is described. Comparison is made of angle scan and raster scan data taken with a CASITh/RASITh scatterometer. A new technique for very fast surface scans is presented.
The Paradoxical Increase in Cortisol Secretion Induced by Dexamethasone in Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease Involves a Glucocorticoid Receptor-Mediated Effect of Dexamethasone on Protein Kinase A Catalytic Subunits (2009)

Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) results in most cases from mutations of the protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit 1A (PRKAR1A) gene. Patients with PPNAD exhibit a paradoxical increase in cortisol secretion in response to dexamethasone. The aim was to investigate the mechanism of the action of dexamethasone on adrenocortical cells removed from patients with PPNAD and a transgenic model of PPNAD [Tg(tTA/X2AS) mice]. We performed an in vitro study in an academic research laboratory. Eleven patients with histologically proven PPNAD were included in the study. Cultured PPNAD cells were incubated with dexamethasone in the presence of various modulators of the cAMP/PKA pathway and the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486. Cortisol and corticosterone were measured by radioimmunological assays in cell culture supernatants. Dexamethasone stimulated in vitro cortisol secretion from PPNAD tissues in six patients. The stimulatory effect of dexamethasone on cortisol release was not reduced by the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 or potentiated by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IMBX and the cAMP analog 8Br-cAMP. Conversely, the PKA inhibitor H89 and RU486 inhibited the cortisol response to dexamethasone. Dexamethasone had no effect on cortisol production from normal human adrenocortical cells but stimulated corticosteroidogenesis in the presence of RU486. Similarly, dexamethasone failed to influence corticosterone release by adrenocortical cells removed from Tg(tTA/X2AS) mice but stimulated corticosteroidogenesis in the presence of RU 486. These results indicate that, in human PPNAD tissues, dexamethasone paradoxically stimulates cortisol release through a glucocorticoid receptor-mediated effect on PKA catalytic subunits.
Long-term incorporation of tritiated adenine into deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid by Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) (1980)

Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain), extracted in medium containing Eagle minimal essential medium 50% fresh, heat-inactivated normal rabbit serum, and 1.0 mM dithiothreitol, was incubated under 3% oxygen in the presence of tritiated nucleic acid precursors. [8-3H]adenine was incorporated with high efficiency into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material; 2'-deoxyadenosine and uridine were incorporated in lower quantities, and thymine and thymidine were not incorporated. Incorporation of [3H]adenine was inhibited by penicillin G, mitomycin C, actinomycin D, and erythromycin, but was not affected by cycloheximide. Partial purification of nucleic acids from T. pallidum incubated with [8-3H]adenine for 36 to 72 h and subsequent treatment with ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease revealed that 15 to 20% of the trichloroacetic acid-precipitable counts were resistant to ribonuclease but susceptible to deoxyribonuclease. A simple assay was developed in which NaOH treatment was used to distinguish incorporation into ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid. Both ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis continued for 6 days of incubation under 3% O2, whereas incorporation was limited to the first day of incubation in samples incubated under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. T. pallidum thus appears to be capable of significant de novo deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid synthesis under microaerobic conditions.
Control and benefits of CP4-57 prophage excision in Escherichia coli biofilms (2009)

Earlier, we discovered that the global regulator, Hha, is related to cell death in biofilms and regulates cryptic prophage genes. Here, we show that Hha induces excision of prophages, CP4-57 and DLP12, by inducing excision genes and by reducing SsrA synthesis. SsrA is a tmRNA that is important for rescuing stalled ribosomes, contains an attachment site for CP4-57 and is shown here to be required for CP4-57 excision. These prophages impact biofilm development, as the deletion of 35 genes individually of prophages, CP4-57 and DLP12, increase biofilm formation up to 17-fold, and five genes decrease biofilm formation up to sixfold. In addition, CP4-57 excises during early biofilm development but not in planktonic cells, whereas DLP12 excision was detected at all the developmental stages for both biofilm and planktonic cells. CP4-57 excision leads to a chromosome region devoid of prophage and to the formation of a phage circle (which is lost). These results were corroborated by a whole-transcriptome analysis that showed that complete loss of CP4-57 activated the expression of the flg, flh and fli motility operons and repressed expression of key enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and of enzymes for lactate utilization. Prophage excision also results in the expression of cell lysis genes that reduce cell viability (for example, alpA, intA and intD). Hence, defective prophages are involved in host physiology through Hha and in biofilm formation by generating a diversified population with specialized functions in terms of motility and nutrient metabolism.
Fabrication of Sub-10 nm Metal Wire Circuits using Directed Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers (2016)

A novel half-pitch (HP) 10 nm physical-epitaxial frequency multiplication process using a high chi (χ) lamellar block copolymer was developed to carry out process verification of directed self-assembly lithography on a 300 mm wafer for practical semiconductor device manufacturing. Electrically open and short process level-test element group (PL-TEG) yield verification of sub-10 nm metal wire circuits fabricated using the HP 10 nm physical-epitaxial frequency multiplication process was carried out on a 300 mm wafer. The electrically open and short PL-TEG yield verification revealed the viability of the HP 10 nm physical-epitaxial frequency multiplication process from the perspective of the total practical performance including critical dimension control, defect control, pattern placement error, space width roughness, space edge roughness, and process windows in the pattern transfer process.
Supplemental Table S1 from Endothelial ALK1 Is a Therapeutic Target to Block Metastatic Dissemination of Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Endothelial genes co-expressed with ACVRL1 in the clinical data sets.&lt;/p&gt;
LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN RESISTANCE TO FIRE: PROTECTION OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE BY INTUMESCENT COATINGS (2014)

International audience
Synthesis of 1, 7-Dideazapurine Ribonucleosides and Deoxyribonucleosides (1993)

Abstract The synthesis of hydroxylamino derivatives of 1,7-dideazaadenosine and of 1,7-dideaza-2′-deoxyadenosine, starting from 4-nitro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (1), is described. None of the synthesized compounds are substrates of adenosine deaminase and two of them (3 and 18) are weak inhibitors.
European Vision for the 6G Network Ecosystem (2021)

The white paper covers related to 6G research from a technical, societal, policy and business perspective with the aim of providing a vision for future networks and services. It explains how 6G is expected to play a key role in the evolution of the society towards the 2030’s, as the convergence between the digital, physical and personal worlds will increasingly become a reality. Furthermore, 6G will support the European Green Deal's objective of reaching climate neutrality for Europe by 2050. This and other objectives of 6G will also greatly contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.<br> <br> 6G will include intelligent connected management and control functions, programmability, integrated sensing and communication, reduction of energy footprint, trustworthy infrastructure, scalability and affordability. The development of Europe-based 6G infrastructures, solutions and services will be of key importance to secure European strategic autonomy in critical technologies and systems.<br> <br> The paper presents possible opportunities and obstacles related to 6G as well as a series of recommendations for policy makers and businesses.
Main-Chain Chiral Smectic Polymers Showing a Large Electroclinic Effect in the SmA* Phase (2006)

The synthesis and characterization of a main-chain smectic liquid-crystalline polymer system designed for development into electromechanical actuators is described. The chemical structure is chosen to provide a large electroclinic effect in the SmA* phase, with large concomitant layer shrinkage (a rare combination). The polymers are prepared by acyclic diene metathesis polymerization (ADMET) of liquid-crystalline α,ω-dienes. Oligomers with a degree of polymerization of ∼10−30 are obtained using Grubbs first-generation catalyst, while oligomers with a degree of polymerization of ∼200 are obtained using Grubbs second-generation catalyst. All polymer samples show the following phase sequence: I − SmA* − SmC* − Glass. X-ray analysis of polymer powder samples demonstrates the desired layer shrinkage at the SmA* − SmC* transition. The polymers form well-aligned fibers by pulling from the isotropic melt, and X-ray analysis of fibers in the SmA* phase shows that in the bulk of the fiber the layers are oriented perpendicular to the fiber axis, while at the surfaces there appears to be a thin sheath where the layers are parallel to the fiber/air interface. The desired layer shrinkage with tilt at the SmA* − SmC* transition in these fibers is seen as well, and in the SmC* phase the fibers exhibit an interesting conical chevron layer structure. Electro-optic investigation of aligned thin films of the polymer, prepared from quenched fiber glasses using a novel technique, exhibit a large electroclinic effect, with substantial degradation of alignment quality upon field-induced tilt. This degradation in alignment quality, coupled with the layer shrinkage at the SmA* − SmC* transition demonstrated by X-ray scattering, strongly suggests the desired layer shrinkage with electroclinic tilt is in fact occurring in the polymer films.
Local minima-free adaptive tdoa estimation for acoustic sources in presence of high spatial aliasing (2015)

Acoustic source time-difference of arrivals (TDOAs) estimation is a basic task required by source localization and separation techniques. Standard wide-band methods, e.g. the GCC-PHAT, estimate the TDOAs by evaluating the cross-correlation at multiple time lags and performing a direct-search of the global maximum. A more convenient formulation is to model the time-delay in the frequency domain and casting the estimation to an adaptive problem. By minimizing an integral cost function between the observed cross-power spectrums and frequency-dependent phasors, the TDOA can be adaptively estimated by a normalized gradient descent approach without requiring any explicit direct search and providing a continuous TDOA estimate in the space. However, in presence of spatial aliasing the cost function is non-convex and a gradient-based adaptation is not guaranteed to converge to the global optimum. In this work we propose a structure of interleaved gradients derived on cost functions with a progressive degree of non-convexity. The adaptations proceed in parallel propagating the belief from the most to the least convex approximations in order to induce the overall optimization to escape from local minima. Through extensive Monte Carlo simulations we show that the proposed approach is virtually insensitive to local minima and can converge to the global optimum independently on the initialization even with a microphone spacing of 1 meter.
Molecular mapping of transmembrane mechanotransduction through the β1 integrin–CD98hc–TRPV4 axis (2020)

One of the most rapid (less than 4 ms) transmembrane cellular mechanotransduction events involves activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channels by mechanical forces transmitted across cell surface β1 integrin receptors on endothelial cells, and the transmembrane solute carrier family 3 member 2 (herein denoted CD98hc, also known as SLC3A2) protein has been implicated in this response. Here, we show that β1 integrin, CD98hc and TRPV4 all tightly associate and colocalize in focal adhesions where mechanochemical conversion takes place. CD98hc knockdown inhibits TRPV4-mediated calcium influx induced by mechanical forces, but not by chemical activators, thus confirming the mechanospecificity of this signaling response. Molecular analysis reveals that forces applied to β1 integrin must be transmitted from its cytoplasmic C terminus via the CD98hc cytoplasmic tail to the ankyrin repeat domain of TRPV4 in order to produce ultrarapid, force-induced channel activation within the focal adhesion.
Development of in vitro endothelialized drug‐eluting stent using human peripheral blood‐derived endothelial progenitor cells (2020)

We propose in vitro endothelialization of drug-eluting stents (DES) to overcome late stent thrombosis by directly introducing late-outgrowth human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) at the target site utilizing abluminal DES. Isolated EPCs were confirmed as late-outgrowth EPCs by flow cytometric analysis. Abluminally paclitaxel-loaded stents were seeded with different cell concentrations and durations to determine optimal seeding conditions, in both uncrimped and crimped configurations. The seeding yield was determined by evaluating the percent coverage of the stent struts' area. The EPC-seeded DES were exposed to arterial shear stress to evaluate the effect of high shear stress on EPCs. To investigate how much paclitaxel elutes during the seeding procedure, a pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. Finally, to validate the proof of concept, EPC-seeded DES were placed on a fibrin matrix with and without smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and cultured for 3 days under perfusion. The seeding procedure resulted in 47% and 26% coverage of the stent surface in uncrimped and crimped conditions, respectively. After the optimal seeding, almost 99% of drug was still available. When EPC-seeded DES were placed on a fibrin matrix and cultured for 3 days, the EPCs confluently covered the stent surface and spread to the surrounding fibrin gel. When EPC-seeded DES were placed on SMC-containing fibrin layers, cells in contact with the struts died. EPCs can be successfully seeded onto DES without losing drug-eluting capability, and EPCs exhibit sufficient proliferative ability. EPC-seeded DES may combine early re-endothelialization ability with the antirestenotic effectiveness of DES.
A New Glass Option for Parenteral Packaging (2014)

The physical, mechanical, and optical properties of glass make it an ideal material for packaging injectable drugs and biologics. Alkali borosilicate glasses have been used successfully for a long time for these applications, but there are some issues. In this paper, alkali aluminosilicate glasses are introduced as a possible alternative to alkali borosilicate glasses. An example alkali aluminosilicate glass is shown to meet the requirements for packaging injectable drugs and biologics, and to be suitable for use with a particular liquid drug.
Gene conversion in transgenic maize plants expressing FLP/FRT and Cre/loxP site‐specific recombination systems (2006)

DNA recombination reactions (site-specific and homologous) were monitored in the progeny of transgenic maize plants by bringing together two recombination substrates (docking sites and shuttle vectors) in the zygotes. In one combination of transgenic events, the recombination marker gene (yellow fluorescent protein gene, YFP) was activated in 1%-2% of the zygotes receiving both substrates. In other crosses, chimeric embryos and plants were identified, indicative of late recombination events taking place after the first mitotic division of the zygotes. The docking site structure remained unchanged; therefore, all recovered recombination events were classified as gene conversions. The recombinant YFP-r gene segregated as a single locus in subsequent generations. The recombination products showed evidence of homologous recombination at the 5' end of the YFP marker gene and recombinational rearrangements at the other end, consistent with the conclusion that DNA replication was involved in generation of the recombination products. Here, we demonstrate that maize zygotes are efficient at generating homologous recombination products and that the homologous recombination pathways may successfully compete with other possible DNA repair/recombination mechanisms such as site-specific recombination. These results indicate that maize zygotes provide a permissive environment for homologous recombination, offering a new strategy for gene targeting in maize.
The Relative Performance of Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimators (2011)

There is an active debate in the literature on censored data about the relative performance of model based maximum likelihood estimators, IPCW-estimators, and a variety of double robust semiparametric efficient estimators. Kang and Schafer (2007) demonstrate the fragility of double robust and IPCW-estimators in a simulation study with positivity violations. They focus on a simple missing data problem with covariates where one desires to estimate the mean of an outcome that is subject to missingness. Responses by Robins, et al. (2007), Tsiatis and Davidian (2007), Tan (2007) and Ridgeway and McCaffrey (2007) further explore the challenges faced by double robust estimators and offer suggestions for improving their stability. In this article, we join the debate by presenting targeted maximum likelihood estimators (TMLEs). We demonstrate that TMLEs that guarantee that the parametric submodel employed by the TMLE procedure respects the global bounds on the continuous outcomes, are especially suitable for dealing with positivity violations because in addition to being double robust and semiparametric efficient, they are substitution estimators. We demonstrate the practical performance of TMLEs relative to other estimators in the simulations designed by Kang and Schafer (2007) and in modified simulations with even greater estimation challenges.
Purification of a tyrosine-specific protein kinase from Rous sarcoma virus-induced rat tumor. (1982)

We have identified a tyrosine kinase activity present in tumors which were raised in rats by subcutaneous injection of Rous sarcoma virus-transformed rat cells (SR-NRK). This kinase phosphorylates tyrosine on the heavy chain of IgG from tumor-bearing rabbit (TBR) sera specific for the src gene product, pp60src. Using TBR-IgG phosphorylation as an assay, we have purified this kinase over 7200-fold. The purification procedure involves detergent extraction of tumors followed by sequential column chromatography on hydroxylapatite, DEAE-Sephacel, oligodeoxyadenosine-cellulose, an affinity column prepared from TBR-sera, and Sephacryl S-200. The IgG kinase activity behaves as a molecule of apparent Mr = 54,000 on Sephacryl S-200 molecular sieve chromatography. Analysis of the Sephacryl fractions by SDS-PAGE indicates that a major Coomassie blue-stained band with an apparent Mr = 54,000 (p54), co-elutes with the peak of kinase activity. From 600 g of tumors, approximately 200 micrograms of p54 are obtained. We have four types of evidence which show that p54 is related to pp60src. 1) Purified p54 is capable of undergoing endogenous phosphorylation in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP producing a 32P-labeled pp54 polypeptide which is specifically immunoprecipitated by TBR-sera and contains only phosphotyrosine. 2) Purified p54 competes with 32P-labeled pp60src for binding to TBR-IgG, indicating a degree of purification over starting material which agrees very well with the results obtained by the IgG kinase assay. 3) V8 protease digestion of pp60src and p54 suggests that they share a common 26,000 fragment. 4) Antibodies to partially purified p54 specifically precipitate pp60src from Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken cells.
Deep Learning vs. Human Graders for Classifying Severity Levels of Diabetic Retinopathy in a Real-World Nationwide Screening Program (2018)

Deep learning algorithms have been used to detect diabetic retinopathy (DR) with specialist-level accuracy. This study aims to validate one such algorithm on a large-scale clinical population, and compare the algorithm performance with that of human graders. 25,326 gradable retinal images of patients with diabetes from the community-based, nation-wide screening program of DR in Thailand were analyzed for DR severity and referable diabetic macular edema (DME). Grades adjudicated by a panel of international retinal specialists served as the reference standard. Across different severity levels of DR for determining referable disease, deep learning significantly reduced the false negative rate (by 23%) at the cost of slightly higher false positive rates (2%). Deep learning algorithms may serve as a valuable tool for DR screening.
Welding characteristics of foturan glass using ultrashort laser pulses (2012)

Nonlinear absorptivity of Foturan glass to ultrashort laser pulses is evaluated by experimental measurement and thermal conduction model at different parameters including energy and repetition rate of the laser pulse, translation speed and thermal properties of the sample. The mechanical strength of an embedded laser-melted sample and an overlapped weld sample is determined by a three-point-bending test and a shear test, respectively. The results are related to the average absorbed laser power Wab. We found the mechanical strength of an overlapped weld joint to be as high as that of the base material for low Wab, if the sample pair is pre-bonded to provide optical contact.