gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulating Insulin-Receptor-Gene Expression by Differentiation and Hormones (1990)

Insulin regulates cell function by first binding to the insulin receptor (IR) localized on the cell surface. With the cloning of IR cDNA and the IR-gene promoter, the regulation of the IR gene during differentiation and by various hormones can be studied. Muscle is a major target tissue for insulin action. BC3H1 cells, a mouse muscle cell line in culture, are a model cell type for studying insulin action. Differentiation in these cells results in a 5- to 10-fold increase in IR binding and a 5- to 10-fold increase in IR content. Studies of IR mRNA by Northern and slot-blot analyses reveal a 10-fold increase in IR mRNA after differentiation. These studies indicate that there is a selective increase in IR-gene expression during muscle differentiation. A similar increase in IR-gene expression is observed for the IR during pancreatic acinar cell differentiation. Glucocorticoids increase IR content in several target tissues. Studies in cultured IM-9 lymphocytes indicate that glucocorticoids induce a 5-fold increase in IR mRNA levels. Studies of IR mRNA half-life indicate that glucocorticoids do not alter IR mRNA stability. When the transcription of the IR is measured by elongation assays, glucocorticoids directly stimulate IR transcription 5- to 10-fold. The effect is detectable within 30 min of glucocorticoid treatment and is maximal within 2 h. Therefore, these studies demonstrate that the IR gene is under the direct regulation of glucocorticoids. Insulin downregulates the IR in various target tissues. Prior studies indicate that this downregulation was partly because of accelerated IR degradation. Studying AR42J pancreatic acinar cells, we also found that insulin accelerates IR degradation. Moreover, in these cells, insulin decreases IR biosynthesis by approximately 50%. Studies of IR mRNA indicate there is a concomitant decrease in IR mRNA levels after insulin treatment. Thus, insulin decreases IR-gene expression. The genomic structure of the IR promoter has been elucidated. Primer extension and nuclease S1 analysis indicate that IR mRNA has multiple start sites. The promoter fragment was ligated to a promoterless "reporter" plasmid containing the bacterial gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). When this plasmid is transfected into cultured cells, CAT activity is detected, indicating promoter activity. Various portions of a genomic fragment were ligated to a promoter to study glucocorticoid regulation of the IR promoter. These studies indicate that IR-gene expression is regulated by differentiation and hormonal agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
(Invited) Ultrafine Porous Polyimide Membrane for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2015)

Porous membranes have been used in various fields as key materials for separation. Their functionalities strongly depend on their structures such as pore size, pore distribution and porosity. Thus, the structure design of porous membranes has been focused over the years. Particularly, the research and development of ultrafine porous membranes has been intensively engaged. In the research field of battery, porous membranes are used as separators, whose role is to prevent electrical short circuits between anode and cathode but easy permeation of ions. Thus, the safety and power of batteries is strongly dependent on the porous separator, and many advanced porous membranes have been developed for batteries. In this study, we have developed an ultrafine porous polyimide membrane illustrated in Fig. 1, and investigated its performance as a battery separator. This structure is so-called three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) structure and has an ideal porosity of 74%. The pores are in a hexagonal close-packed arrangement, so that uniform current distribution is expected during battery charge and discharge. 3DOM polyimide membrane for a battery separator was prepared by using a colloidal crystal template composed of mono-disperse spherical particles [1]. Fig. 1 shows the characteristics of 3DOM polyimide separator with the pore size of ~300 nm. The uniformly ordered structure with a high porosity of ~ 70% resulted in a very low Gurley value (32 sec), which is about 1/20 of conventional polyolefin separators [2]. The smaller Gurley value leads to the smoother Li + -ion transport in the separator. Actually, the 3DOM polyimide separator provided uniform current distribution for rechargeable lithium batteries, and was particularly effective to lithium metal anode which has a serious problem to be used in rechargeable batteries due to dendrite-formed deposition during battery charge process (Fig. 3). This is very advantageous for realizing high capacity rechargeable batteries using lithium metal anode. References [1] H. Munakata, D. Yamamoto and K. Kanamura, J. Power Sources , 178 (2008) 596-602. [2] S. S. Zhang, J. Power Sources , 164 (2007) 351-364. Figure 1
PROGRESS IN DEVELOPMENT OF NEW LLRF CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SUPERKEKB (2013)

SUMMARY of a digital system for SuperKEKB was developed and high power test was p erformed. FB control and auto tuning control worked successfully, and very good FB stability of 0.02% in amplitude and 0.02 deg. in phase was obtained in Oout of the loopO measurement. Large klystron phase shift of 80 degrees due to the anode voltage cont rol for efficiency optimization, which depends on input power, was observed. Because acceptable phase shift in the closed loop is within +/-60 degrees in our system, KLY -PLL function should be implemented into the FPGA as a next step. Temperature dependen cy of the system were reduced by BPF fine-tuning, and then required thermal stability (0.06%/deg.C in amplitu de and 0.02 deg./deg.C in phase) was satisfied. Figure 7: Klystron phase shift due to the anode voltage control. Figure 8: of klyst ron phase lock loop , which will be implemented in the FPGA. REFERENCES [1] K. Akai, et al., Design Progress and Construction Status of SuperKEKB, Proc. of IPAC12, pp. 1822 -1824 (2012); http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/IPAC2012/papers/tuppr006.pdf [2] T. Kobayashi, et al., Prototype Performance of Digital Control System for SuperKEKB, Proc. of IPAC12, pp. 3470 -3472 (2012); http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/ AccelConf/IPAC2012/papers/thppc079.pdf [3] M. Ryoshi et al., LLRF Board in Micro -TCA Platform, Proc. of the 7th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan, p. 668 (2010); http://www.pasj.jp/ web_publish/pasj7/proceedings/P_4PM/P_EH_4PM/WEPS109.pdf [4] J. Odagiri at al., Fully Embedded EPICS -Based Control of Low Level System for SuperKEKB, Proc. of IPACO10, p. 2686 (2010) ; http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/ IPAC10/papers/wepeb003.pdf [5] T. Kageyama, et al., The ARES cavity for KEKB, Proc. of APAC98, pp. 773 -775 (1998) [6] K. Akai, et al., RF systems for the KEK B -Factory, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 499 (2003) 45 Ð65 [7] http://ics-web.sns.ornl.gov/css/index. html
A Mesh Morphing Technique Involving Addition and Deletion of Features for Tetrahedral Meshes (2011)

We developed a mesh morphing technique that can be used to change the shape of existing analytical mesh models. We used it to generate a mesh model of a new shape by morphing the original mesh model. Our technique can be used for analysis during the early stages of design because it reduces the time required to generate analytical mesh models. Compared with conventional techniques, our technique adds and deletes features in the original mesh by using a Boolean technique and a mesh improvement technique. It can process the addition or deletion of a feature in a 100,000-element mesh model in about one minute. Moreover, it can generate high-quality meshes that ensure element stretch of over 0.1. We demonstrated the effectiveness of our technique by applying it to two engine block models.
Efficient plasmid mobilization by pIP501 in [i]Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.[/i] (1993)

pIP501 is a streptococcal conjugative plasmid which can be transmitted among numerous gram-positive strains. To identify a minimal mobilization (mob) locus of pIP501, DNA fragments of pIP501 were cloned into nonconjugative target plasmids and tested for mobilization by pIP501. We show that nonmobilizable plasmids containing a specific fragment of pIP501 are transmitted at high frequencies between Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strains if transfer (tra) functions are provided in trans by a pIP501 derivative. Independent transfer of the mobilized plasmid was observed in up to 44% of transconjugants. A 2.2-kb segment containing mob was sequenced. This DNA segment is characterized by three palindromes (palI, palII, and palIII) and a 202-amino-acid open reading frame (ORFX) of unknown function. The smallest DNA fragment conferring high frequency mobilization was localized to a 1.0-kb region (extending from pIP501 coordinates 3.60 to 4.60 on the 30.2-kb map) which contains palI (delta G = -27 kcal/mol [ca. -110,000 J/mol]). A 26-bp sequence identical to palI is present on pIP501, upstream of the plasmid copy control region. Further homologies with the palI sequence are also found with the related Enterococcus faecalis conjugative plasmid pAM beta 1. The region containing mob maps outside the previously described segment mediating pIP501 conjugation. Our results with recA strains indicate that the mob site is a hot spot for cointegrate formation.
Titelbild: Serine Octamer Reactions: Indicators of Prebiotic Relevance (Angew. Chem. 30/2003) (2003)

Homochiralität hat ihren Ursprung in einer Folge chemischer Reaktionen. Das Titelbild zeigt einige Beispiele für Reaktionen von Serin und seinem homochiralen Octamer. Viele dieser Reaktionen sind selektiv, die heute in lebenden Organismen vorhandenen Enantiomere ( L ‐Aminosäuren, D ‐Zucker) entstehen bevorzugt. Die Zuschrift von R. G. Cooks et al. auf S. 3645 ff. bietet weitere Informationen zur Rolle des homochiralen Serin‐Octamers in präbiotischen Prozessen.
Modeling the response of small myelinated axons in a compound nerve to kilohertz frequency signals (2017)

Our findings of widespread asynchronous KHF-evoked activity suggest that conduction block in the abdominal vagus nerves is unlikely with current clinical parameters. Our results indicate that compound neural or downstream muscle force recordings may be unreliable as quantitative measures of neural activity for in vivo studies or as biomarkers in closed-loop clinical devices.
Convalescent Plasma Versus Hyperimmune Immunoglobulins (2023)

Journal Article Corrected proof Convalescent Plasma Versus Hyperimmune Immunoglobulins Get access Daniele Focosi, Daniele Focosi North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy Correspondence: D. Focosi, North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy (daniele.focosi@gmail.com). https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8811-195X Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Massimo Franchini, Massimo Franchini Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-6389 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Emanuele Nicastri, Emanuele Nicastri Division of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani," Rome, Italy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5606-8712 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David J Sullivan, David J Sullivan Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0772-4111 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arturo Casadevall Arturo Casadevall Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9402-9167 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciad406, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad406 Published: 03 July 2023 Article history Published: 03 July 2023 Corrected and typeset: 19 July 2023
Volatile Organic Compounds: Chemically Modified Polyaniline for the Detection of Volatile Biomarkers of Minimal Sensitivity to Humidity and Bending (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 15/2018) (2018)

In article number 1800232 by Weiwei Wu, Hossam Haick, and co-workers, a strategy of oleic acid molecular layer assembly on PANI-based flexible sensors, is proposed to achieve tolerance of mechanical bending and humidity effects, up to 350 ppm. These results trigger the real application of flexible sensor applications in wearable devices for disease diagnostics.
A review of explainable and interpretable AI with applications in COVID‐19 imaging (2021)

The development of medical imaging artificial intelligence (AI) systems for evaluating COVID-19 patients has demonstrated potential for improving clinical decision making and assessing patient outcomes during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. These have been applied to many medical imaging tasks, including disease diagnosis and patient prognosis, as well as augmented other clinical measurements to better inform treatment decisions. Because these systems are used in life-or-death decisions, clinical implementation relies on user trust in the AI output. This has caused many developers to utilize explainability techniques in an attempt to help a user understand when an AI algorithm is likely to succeed as well as which cases may be problematic for automatic assessment, thus increasing the potential for rapid clinical translation. AI application to COVID-19 has been marred with controversy recently. This review discusses several aspects of explainable and interpretable AI as it pertains to the evaluation of COVID-19 disease and it can restore trust in AI application to this disease. This includes the identification of common tasks that are relevant to explainable medical imaging AI, an overview of several modern approaches for producing explainable output as appropriate for a given imaging scenario, a discussion of how to evaluate explainable AI, and recommendations for best practices in explainable/interpretable AI implementation. This review will allow developers of AI systems for COVID-19 to quickly understand the basics of several explainable AI techniques and assist in the selection of an approach that is both appropriate and effective for a given scenario.
Study of error repeatability and recovery in 40nm TaOx ReRAM (2017)

The repeatability of set/reset errors has been investigated in 40nm TaOx based ReRAM cells. Errors of the Low Resistance State (LRS) in specific cells are observed repeatedly, and such cells are recovered by DC read operation. When error cells are recovered, the LRS cell current of the recovered cells shows a sudden jump up to large cell current in certain set cycles. Then, the High Resistance State (HRS) current is also recovered from almost no current to normal HRS current. The phenomena of repeating error can be explained as lack of oxygen vacancy in specific cells which have a wide conductive filament. Moreover, the error repeated cells have larger LRS cell current than the normal LRS cell current after recovery. Thus, the potential error repeated cells can be detected by cell current check sequences, which detect to repeat the larger LRS cell current. The failure rate can be reduced by replacing the error repeated cells with redundant cells.
Victim Impact Statements (2022)

Victim impact statements are written or oral statements that detail the impact of a defendant’s crime on the victim(s) or the victim’s surviving family. Specifically, victims and their family and friends are permitted to testify in both capital and non-capital trials about the harm experienced as a result of the crime. In this chapter, we discuss the use of such statements in capital and non-capital cases, the historical and legal context of victim impact statements, the legal discourse surrounding the introduction of victim impact statements, and the current psycho-legal research on the influence of victim impact statements on capital juries. Specific emphasis is placed on the role of emotionality and perceived social status in assessing victim impact statements. Research exploring the use of victim impact statements in sexual abuse cases is also discussed. Finally, potential areas for further exploration are identified, such as the use of execution impact statements by defendants, present limitations to victim impact statement research, and policy implications are discussed.
In vitro properties of antimicrobial bromotyrosine alkaloids (2006)

A bromotyrosine alkaloid family of antimicrobial agents was synthesized using the known structure of a natural inhibitor of the mycobacterial mycothiol S-conjugate amidase (MCA) as a template. This series of compounds represents a novel class of anti-infective agents against Gram-positive pathogens, including mycobacteria and meticillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The fact that these compounds are active against mycobacterial strains in which the MCA gene is deleted and against Gram-positive bacteria lacking mycothiol suggests the existence of an alternative target for these compounds. One member of this family, EXEG1706, was identified as the lead compound possessing low MICs (2.5-25 microg ml(-1)) for several clinical isolates, whilst having low toxicity for THP-1 monocytes and macrophages.
Atomistic Insights of Irreversible Li+ Intercalation in MnO2 Electrode (2021)

Abstract Tunnel‐structured MnO 2 represents open‐framed electrode materials for reversible energy storage. Its wide application is limited by its poor cycling stability, whose structural origin is unclear. We tracked the structure evolution of β‐MnO 2 upon Li + ion insertion/extraction by combining advanced in situ diagnostic tools at both electrode level (synchrotron X‐ray scattering) and single‐particle level (transmission electron microscopy). The instability is found to originate from a partially reversible phase transition between β‐MnO 2 and orthorhombic LiMnO 2 upon lithiation, causing cycling capacity decay. Moreover, the MnO 2 /LiMnO 2 interface exhibits multiple arrow‐headed disordered regions, which severely chop into the host and undermine its structural integrity. Our findings could account for the cycling instability of tunnel‐structured materials, based on which future strategies should focus on tuning the charge transport kinetics toward performance enhancement.
Effects of linewidth, microstructure, and grain growth on voiding in passivated copper lines (1995)

Tantalum encapsulated copper lines, 0.5–2.0 μm wide, were passivated and heat treated to determine the effect of stress state, microstructure, and grain growth on stress-induced voiding. Void frequency and location were studied as a function of linewidth and heat treatment. Higher stress, narrow lines voided less than lower stress, wider lines. Voiding was also strongly dependent upon thermal treatment before and after passivation. These results are explained by defining preferred sites for void formation and by considering the release of free volume during grain growth in passivated lines.
Comparative Study of Self-Sputtering Effects of Different Boron-Based Low-Energy Doping Techniques (2009)

Angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method was used to study self-sputtering effects of different p-type (boron-based) low-energy doping techniques, including conventional monoatomic <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> B beam-line ion implant, molecular beam-line ion implants, cluster B beam-line ion implant, and plasma doping (PLAD). It has been found that the self-sputtering effects of the beam-line implants correlate with the mass of ion species except for BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> implant. Cluster B implant shows severe self-sputtering effect and surface roughness due to its very heavy and very large cluster ions. BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> implant shows severe sputtering/etching effect but comparable roughness due to a combination of the physical sputtering and reactive ion etching. PLAD processes using B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> and BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> gas species have no sputtering effects but have deposition under certain process conditions.
Supplemental Table 1 from The Novel Glutamine Antagonist Prodrug JHU395 Has Antitumor Activity in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 1: List of significantly affected metabolites identified in volcano plot following JHU395 versus vehicle treatment of flank MPNST&lt;/p&gt;
Energetics of the rearrangement of neutral and ionized perfluorocyclopropane to perfluoropropylene. Use of infrared multiphoton dissociation spectra to identify structural isomers of molecular ions (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnergetics of the rearrangement of neutral and ionized perfluorocyclopropane to perfluoropropylene. Use of infrared multiphoton dissociation spectra to identify structural isomers of molecular ionsD. S. Bomse, D. Wayne Berman, and J. L. BeauchampCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 14, 3967–3971Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00404a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00404a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts