gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy and Bandwidth-Efficient Key Distribution in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks: A Cross-Layer Approach (2007)

We address the problem of resource-efficient access control for group communications in wireless ad hoc networks. Restricting the access to group data can be reduced to the problem of securely distributing cryptographic keys to group members, known as the key distribution problem (KDP). We examine the KDP under four metrics: (a) member key storage, (b) group controller (GC) transmissions, (c) multicast group (MG) update messages, and (d) average update energy. For each metric, we formulate an optimization problem and show that the KDP has unique solutions for metrics (a) and (b), while is NP-complete for (c) and (d). We propose a cross-layer heuristic algorithm called VP3 that bounds member key storage, and GC transmissions, while significantly reducing the energy and bandwidth consumption of the network. We define the notion of path divergence as a measure of bandwidth efficiency of multicasting, and establish an analytical worst-case bound for it. Finally, we propose on-line VP3, which dynamically updates the key assignment structure according to the dynamics of the communication group in a resource-efficient way.
Engage to Excel (2012)

In 2010, we and our colleagues on the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) released a report entitled Prepare and Inspire: K-12 Education in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) Education for America's Future . This important report advocates preparing all students to use STEM in their personal and professional lives and inspiring them to learn STEM subjects and pursue STEM careers. But in the United States, over 60% of students who enter college intending to major in a STEM field fail to graduate with a STEM degree. Because economic analyses forecast that the United States will need 1 million more STEM graduates over the next decade than will be produced by our current modes of education, * reducing this dropout rate is the focus of a second report we released last month, called Engage to Excel: Producing One Million Additional College Graduates with Degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics . †
Folding Photonic Crystals : Semiconductor Origami/Kirigami (2018)

International audience
Mikrochips als Systeme zur kontrollierten Freisetzung von Medikamenten (2000)

Kontrollierte Freisetzung spielt bei einer Reihe von Produkten eine Rolle, darunter Nahrungsmittel, Kosmetika, Pestizide und Papier. So werden Mikrokapseln zur Abgabe von Geschmackstoffen und Vitaminen in Nahrungsmitteln, Duftstoffen in Parfümen und Tinten in Durchschreibepapieren ohne Kohlepapiereinlagen verwendet. Die ersten Systeme zur kontrollierten Freisetzung von medizinischen Wirkstoffen wurden in den sechziger und siebziger Jahren beschrieben. In den letzten dreißig Jahren hat die Zahl und Vielfalt derartiger Systeme drastisch zugenommen. Häufig werden Polymere verwendet, die besondere physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften haben, wie Bioabbaubarkeit, Biokompatibilität oder die Fähigkeit, auf Änderungen des pH-Werts oder der Temperatur zu reagieren. Jüngste Fortschritte in den Mikrofabrikationstechniken haben jedoch die Möglichkeit eröffnet, eine neue Klasse von Verabreichungssystemen zu entwickeln, und zwar kleine, programmierbare. Ihre geringe Größe, die Möglichkeit, sie mit der Mikroelektronik zu kombinieren, sowie ihre Fähigkeit, Chemikalien zu speichern und bei Bedarf freizusetzen, eröffnen Mikrochips zur kontrollierten Freisetzung ein breites Anwendungsspektrum. Dazu gehören die medizinische Diagnostik, die Analytische Chemie, die Identifizierung funktioneller Gruppen, die Überwachung und Steuerung industrieller Prozesse, die Kombinatorische Chemie, die Mikrobiologie und die Freisetzung von Duftstoffen. Darüber hinaus können diese Mikrochips, die erst durch das Zusammenführen von kontrollierter Wirkstoffabgabe und Mikrofabrikationstechniken möglich wurden, neue Wege zur Bekämpfung von Krankheiten eröffnen.
Functional analysis of the signal‐sequence processing site of yeast acid phosphatase (1989)

A systematic study of the signal peptidase cleavage site of the main cell-wall-repressible Saccharomyces cerevisiae acid phosphatase encoded by the PHO5 gene is presented. The last amino acid of the signal sequence, the chromosomally encoded alanine of the wild-type gene, was changed by any of 19 other amino acids in the chromosomal DNA by using in vitro mutagenesis in Escherichia coli and the technique of gene replacement. Processing and secretion are normal when the amino acid at this position is a small neutral amino acid, i.e. alanine, glycine, cysteine, serine or threonine. Processing glycosylation, and secretion of regulated acid phosphatase are distinctly affected with other amino acid substitutions and core-glycosylated protein accumulates in the cell. Surprisingly, PHO5 protein is still secreted to the cell wall and into the growth medium but at a lower rate and without cleavage of the signal sequence. The same features are exhibited by a mutated acid phosphatase with a deletion of four amino acids at the end of the signal peptide (-7 to -4 relative to the processing site) thus preserving the important -3 to -1 region.
A Novel Conﬁguration-Driven Data Mining Framework for Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (2011)

Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) and Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) systems are closely related systems since the data collected by HUMS can be effectively used by CBM systems to generate condition and health indicators of air-crafts in order to find out the components on which maintenance is required. Efficient and comprehensive automation of such CBM systems is, therefore, of utmost importance to take an advantage of the massive amount of data continuously collected by HUMS. In this chapter, we present a novel framework for automating the CBM systems, based on supervised learning practices established in UH-60 Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) manual [3]. The proposed framework is based upon a concept of building a configurationdriven data mining tool in which the maintenance decisions of aircrafts’ components are driven by configuration metadata. We seek to address a key design goal of building a generic framework that can be easily instantiated for various CBM applications. This design goal, in turn, raises the challenges of building a system that features modularity (i.e., the software structure is based on a composition of separate modules, which jointly incorporate with each other.), extendibility (i.e., the software should be easy to extend.), and maintainability (i.e., the software should be easy to maintain and update.). To meet this design goal, we adopted a layered architecture for the proposed framework. The framework consists of three layers; 1) Storage layer, which concerns the storage of source data and configuration metadata used by the system; 2) Extraction layer, in which the source data and configuration metadata are extracted and passed to the upper (processing) layer; and 3) Processing layer, which is responsible for executing mining algorithms and reporting necessary maintenance actions. This layered architecture uses two prominent techniques, namely XML-based metadata storage, and dynamic code generation and execution. The XML-based metadata storage provides a generic platform for storing configuration meta-data, whereas dynamic code generation and execution allows applications to be extended with non-compiled source code, which is stored within configuration metadata. Both the generic storage platform and the on-the-fly code generation features help significantly reduce the cost of the software
Cytotype Regulation of P Transposable Elements in Drosophila melanogaster: Repressor Polypeptides or piRNAs? (2008)

The telomeric P elements TP5 and TP6 are associated with the P cytotype, a maternally inherited condition that represses P-element-induced hybrid dysgenesis in the Drosophila germ line. To see if cytotype repression by TP5 and TP6 might be mediated by the polypeptides they could encode, hobo transgenes carrying these elements were tested for expression of mRNA in the female germ line and for repression of hybrid dysgenesis. The TP5 and TP6 transgenes expressed more germ-line mRNA than the native telomeric P elements, but they were decidedly inferior to the native elements in their ability to repress hybrid dysgenesis. These paradoxical results are inconsistent with the repressor polypeptide model of cytotype. An alternative model based on the destruction of P transposase mRNA by Piwi-interacting (pi) RNAs was supported by finding reduced P mRNA levels in flies that carried the native telomeric P elements, which are inserted in a known major piRNA locus.
End-Functional Styrene–Maleic Anhydride Copolymers via Catalytic Chain Transfer Polymerization (2012)

Styrene–maleic anhydride copolymers have been successfully synthesized using catalytic chain transfer polymerization employing the low spin [bis(difluoroboryl)dimethylglyoximato]cobalt(II) (COBF) complex. By partially replacing styrene with α-methylstyrene (while maintaining the amount of maleic anhydride at 50 mol %) over a range of ratios, it was shown that the rate of reaction and molar mass decreases with increasing α-methylstyrene content. The polymers were characterized using MALDI–ToF–MS and 1H–13C gHMQC NMR to determine the end groups, which in the presence of α-methylstyrene was an α-methylstyrene unit with a vinylic functionality. For styrene–maleic anhydride copolymers, the end group was determined to be predominantly maleic anhydride with a vinylic functionality. Considering the fact that in a styrene–maleic anhydride copolymerization the propagating radicals are predominantly of a styrenic nature, this was a very surprising result, suggesting that the maleic anhydride radicals undergo a chain transfer reaction, which is orders of magnitude faster than that of styrenic radicals. This conclusion was supported by high-level ab initio quantum chemical calculations, which showed that hydrogen abstraction from the maleic anhydride radical is 40 kJ/mol more exothermic than that from a styrene radical. The chain transfer constant of COBF was determined for the different ratios of styrene and α-methylstyrene. It was found to increase 2 orders of magnitude from a purely styrene–maleic anhydride to a purely α-methylstyrene–maleic anhydride copolymer. Diels–Alder and thiol–ene reactions were performed on the vinylic end groups as postpolymerization modification reactions, as well as graft copolymerization reactions of the macromonomers with styrene and butyl acrylate.
Anomalously High Channel Mobility in SiC-MOSFETs with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>x</sub>/SiC Gate Structure (2008)

4H-SiC MOSFETs with Al2O3/SiC and Al2O3/SiOx/SiC gate structures have been fabricated and characterized. Al2O3 was deposited by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and the SiOx layer was formed by dry-O2 oxidation. Insertion of 1.2 nm-thickness-SiOx layer drastically improves the channel mobility of Al2O3/SiC-MOSFET and anomalously high field effect mobility (μFE) of 284 cm2/Vs was obtained. The μFE of Al2O3/SiOx/SiC-MOSFET with various SiOx thickness was investigated, and it was found that insertion of a thin SiOx layer (&lt; 2 nm) followed by the low temperature deposition of Al2O3 results in Al2O3/SiOx/SiC-MOSFET with such a high channel mobility.
Power-efficient data storage and transfer methodologies: Current solutions and remaining problems (2002)

Recent experiments for the realisation of data-dominated multi-media applications have clearly demonstrated that the main power (and largely also area) cost is situated in the memory units and the (bus) communication hardware. On the custom hardware side, several system level memory management related methodologies are being proposed which promise very large savings on power and also on area while still meeting the real-time constraints. Unfortunately, on the software side these methodologies are not applicable as such. In order to alleviate this situation for systems-on-a-chip with a heterogeneous mix of processors, novel methodology and architecture approaches are required. In this research summary paper, the currently available solutions are reviewed and some major problems to be solved in the future are identified.
Block-sparsity: Coherence and efficient recovery (2009)

We consider compressed sensing of block-sparse signals, i.e., sparse signals that have nonzero coefficients occurring in clusters. Based on an uncertainty relation for block-sparse signals, we define a block-coherence measure and show that a block-version of the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm recovers block k-sparse signals in no more than k steps if the block-coherence is sufficiently small. The same condition on block-sparsity is shown to guarantee successful recovery through a mixed lscr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /lscr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> optimization approach. The significance of the results lies in the fact that making explicit use of block-sparsity can yield better reconstruction properties than treating the signal as being sparse in the conventional sense, thereby ignoring the additional structure in the problem.
Reduction in Defibrillation Threshold Using an Auxiliary Shock Delivered in the Middle Cardiac Vein (2000)

Defibrillation in the middle cardiac vein (MCV) has been shown to reduce ventricular defibrillation thresholds (DFTs). Low amplitude auxiliary shock (AS) from an electrode sutured to the left ventricle at thoracotomy have also been shown to reduce DFT if delivered immediately prior to a biphasic shock (between the ventricular RV and superior vena caval (SVC) electrodes). This study investigates the impact on DFT of an AS shock from a transvenously placed MCV lead system. A standard defibrillation electrode was positioned in the RV in eight anesthetized pigs (35-43 kg). A 50 x 1.8-mm electrode was inserted in the MCV through an 8 Fr angioplasty guide catheter. A 150-V (leading edge) monophasic AS was delivered (95 microF capacitor) from the MCV-->Can with three different pulse widths (3, 5, 7 ms). A primary biphasic shock (PS) (95 microF capacitor, phase 1: 44% tilt, 1.6-ms extension and phase 2: 2.5-ms fixed duration) was delivered from the RV-->Can +/- AS. The four configurations were randomized and DFTs (PS + AS) assessed using a modified binary search. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced with 60 Hz AC followed 10 seconds later by the test shock. The DFTs were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). All configurations incorporating AS produced significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the DFT compared to no AS (13.8 +/- 7.4 J). There was no difference in the efficacy of differing pulse widths (P > 0.05); 3 ms (11.0 +/- 5.4 J), 5 ms (11.5 +/- 6.0), and 7 ms (10.6 +/- 5.3 J). In conclusion, delivering an AS from a transvenous lead system deployed in the MCV reduces the DFT by 23% compared to a conventional RV-->Can shock alone.
Transformations of carbon monoxide and related ligands on metal ensembles (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransformations of carbon monoxide and related ligands on metal ensemblesDuward F. Shriver and Michael J. SailorCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1988, 21, 10, 374–379Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00154a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views343Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (711 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Variable and rotatable waveplates of PLZT electrooptic ceramic material on planar waveguide circuits (2002)

We have applied the (Pb/sub 1-x/La/sub x/)(Zr/sub y/Ti/sub z/)/sub 1-x/4/O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (PLZT) electro-optic ceramic material to produce variable and rotatable waveplates for polarization controls. This plate has a 90 μm×90 μm window between four sides. Each of the four sides is coated with a material that acts as an electrode. The plate is inserted in a trench across an array of parallel optical waveguides. A single PLZT waveplate of this type was capable of continuous and complete conversion. This requires the control of only two parameters, the direction and strength of the applied voltage. The device is fast with a response time of only 1 μs.
Polycarbonate synthesis by the melt phase carbonate‐ester interchange reaction of bisphenol‐A diacetate with dimethyl carbonate (1995)

Abstract The molecular weight of polycarbonate formed by the carbonate‐ester interchange reaction of bisphenol‐A diacetate (BPAC 2 ) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was found to depend on the composition of the oligomer formed in its first stage. At a [DMC] : [BPAC 2 ] ratio of 2, an oligomer with relatively higher acetate end group concentration was formed. This upon further polycondensation yielded a polycarbonate of inherent viscosity, 0.2‐0.25 dL/g. Upon addition of DMC at a later stage in the oligomer‐forming reaction, an oligomer containing relatively higher carbonate end groups could be obtained. These oligomers gave polycarbonates higher inherent viscosity, 0.4‐0.5 dL/g. It is therefore proposed that oligomers having carbonate end groups are more reactive in self‐polycondensation than those containing acetate end groups. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Cylindrical 3-D video display observable from all directions (2002)

We propose a 3-D video display technique that allows multiple viewers to observe 3-D images from a 360-degree horizontal arc without wearing 3-D glasses. This technique uses a cylindrical parallax barrier and a one-dimensional light source array. We have developed an experimental display using this technique and have demonstrated observation of 3-D images from a 360-degree horizontal arc without the use of 3-D glasses. Since this technique is based on the parallax panoramagram, the parallax number and resolution are limited by the diffraction at the parallax barrier. To overcome these limits, we improved the technique by revolving the parallax barrier. We have incorporated this new technique in our new experimental display. The display is capable of displaying cylindrical 3-D video images within a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 128 mm. Images are described with a resolution of 1254 pixels circularly and 128 pixels vertically and are refreshed at 30 Hz. Each pixel has a viewing angle of 60 degrees that is divided into 70 views, so the angular parallax interval of each pixel is less than 1 degree. In such a case, observers may barely perceive discrete parallax. The pixels are arranged on a cylindrical surface to allow the produced 3-D images to be observed from all directions.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Integrative Analysis of DCE-MRI and Gene Expression Profiles in Construction of a Gene Classifier for Assessment of Hypoxia-Related Risk of Chemoradiotherapy Failure in Cervical Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Comparing classification based on Illumina and RT-qPCR assay.&lt;/p&gt;
Carbon: Inorganic ChemistryBased in part on the article Carbon: Inorganic Chemistry by R. Bruce King which appeared in the Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition . (2005)

Abstract The article provides a brief and general overview of the chemical and physical properties of carbon, as it relates to inorganic chemistry. Several allotropic forms of carbon are described, with general properties discussed. The characteristics and synthetic methods for the preparation of simple compounds involving carbon or carbon and hydrogen with halogens, oxygen, sulfur, as well as nitrogen, are provided. In addition, recent developments in supramolecular chemistry to construct ladder‐like carbon frameworks are outlined.
Utilization of MS3 spectra for the multicomponent quantification of diastereomeric N-acetylhexosamines (2000)

A rapid and accurate means of quantifying mixtures of diastereomeric N-acetylhexosamine monosaccharides using MS3 product ions is introduced. The method involves derivatizing the monosaccharides with [Co(DAP)2Cl2]Cl (where DAP is diaminopropane), and subjecting the derivatized products to collision-induced dissociation (CID) in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Each diastereomer provides unique MS3 product ion abundances. The abundances for the pure monosaccharide standards are used in a system of equations in order to quantify mixtures of these diastereomers. Using the system of equations is quite advantageous, as it is the only mass spectrometric method that has been shown to successfully quantify mixtures of more than two isomers. The utility of the method is demonstrated by successfully quantifying various two and three component mixtures of the diastereomeric monosaccharides. Furthermore, the method is used to quantify the recovery of a single diastereomeric monosaccharide from an acidic resin. Although the multicomponent quantification method described herein is used to quantify mixtures of N-acetylhexosamine diastereomers, it could be applied to any group of isomers, provided distinguishing CID spectra are obtained. This is the first known report of utilizing MS3 product ions for quantification of structural isomeric mixtures.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DEFATTED WHEAT GERM FLOUR AND ITS PROTEIN ISOLATE (2006)

Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of defatted wheat germ (WG) flour (DWGF) and protein isolate (DWGPI) were evaluated to determine their potential as food ingredients. Protein content of DWGF was 31.42% while that of DWGPI was 84.18%. Comparison of the amino acid composition to the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization reference pattern indicated that DWGF and DWGPI had well-balanced amino acid profiles. Both of them were relatively rich in lysine, whereas cystine was lacking. The main mineral constituents of DWGF were potassium, magnesium and calcium, while sodium was the dominating element in DWGPI as a result of salt extraction. Concentrations of potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese and zinc in DWGPI were significantly decreased because of alkaline extraction compared to those in DWGF. The elements copper and iron were higher in DWGPI than in DWGF. Total flavonoid content of DWGF was about 0.35 g rutin equiv/100 g, whereas that of DWGPI was lower (about 0.24 g rutin equiv/100 g). Compared to soybean protein isolate, DWGPI was easily digested by pepsin in vitro, while DWGF was comparatively indigestible. Nonreduced and reduced sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses seem to show that interpolypeptide S-S bonds were absent in the structure of WG proteins. DWGF and DWGPI shared four groups of bands: (1) 85–70 kDa; (2) 55–50 kDa; (3) 47–40 kDa; and (4) below 20 kDa.