gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE WITH THE LONG HEAD OF THE BICEPS DURING TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY FOR CENTRED PRIMARY DEGENERATION: RESULTS OF A MULTICENTRIC STUDY OF 625 SHOULDERS (2004)

Purpose: The best strategy to adopt for the long head of the biceps during total shoulder arthroplasty for centred primary joint degeneration remains a controversial issue. We analysed the influence of long head of the biceps (LHB) tenodesis on outcome. Material and methods: From retrospective multicentric series of 766 shoulder prostheses implanted for centred primary degeneration of the shoulder joint, we selected 625 shoulders with sufficient data concerning the LHB. We defined two groups: 131 shoulders with LHB tenodesis and 494 shoulders with a preserved LHB. We analysed clinical outcome with the Constant score and subjective outcome at two years. We identified four groups: 70 humeral prostheses without tenodesis, 10 humeral prostheses with tenodesis, 424 total shoulder arthroplastues without tenodesis, and 121 total shoulder arthroplasties with tenodesis. Results: The Constant score was significantly better in the tenodesis group (74.7) than in the group without tenodesis (70.8). This significant difference was also found for the weighted score and likewise for active anterior elevation and active external rotation in position 1. There was no difference concerning postoperative fatty degeneration. By subgroups, the analysis showed significant improvement in the Constant score for humeral prostheses with tenodesis and total shoulder arthroplasty with tenodesis over the same implants without tenodesis. This same significant difference was observed for the 364 patients who had a minimum follow-up of 36 months: tenodesis improved the Constant score, the weighted Constant score, active anterior elevation, and active external rotation. Discussion: The causal role of the LHB in shoulder pain is now well documented in the literature. Several authors have advocated tenotomy or tenodesis of the LHB during surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears. The same is not true for shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of primary degeneration. Dines and Hersch reported their experience with ten patients with a painful total shoulder arthroplasty who were improved with arthroscopic tenotomy or tenodesis. Conclusion: Our large series confirms that tenodesis of the LHB is preferable during implantation of a humeral prosthesis or a total shoulder prosthesis for the treatment of centred primary joint degeneration with good results that persist over time.
Merged Flyback–SC-Based Output Stage for Versatile Portable Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulators (2015)

This paper introduces a highly flexible multichannel output stage for battery-powered portable electric stimulators (ESs), based on novel power converter architecture. Compared with other solutions, the presented output stage for transcutaneous (surface) stimulations increases the number of applicable therapies, improves the battery operating time through reduced power consumption, and potentially results in more comfortable and shorter healing therapies. The new hybrid switch-mode power converter is a combination of flyback and switched-capacitor (SC) topologies. The flyback steps up the battery voltage and provides galvanic isolation. The following power-efficient SC stage replaces lossy linear current sources (CSs) of conventional solutions and produces pulses with a much higher slew rate, reducing the pulse energy needed to cause the stimulus. The SC also inherently produces pulses with zero-net charge, eliminating bulky blocking capacitors and/or dedicated discharging circuits. The regulation of the amplitudes of the pulses is performed with a new digital voltage-programmed current mode controller, forcing the output of the SC stage to behave as a CS. The flexible digital controller allows for creation of various types of pulses and also features several levels of patient protection. An experimental prototype of the output stage has undergone proof of principle tests with able-bodied individuals. The results show that the new output stage produces pulses with a 1-mA/ns slew rate, about two orders of magnitude higher than the other known solutions. The trials show that the faster slew rate pulses generate the same muscle contraction with 34% lower amplitudes, reducing energy consumption by 55%, allowing longer battery life of portable ES applications.
Automatic diagnostic and localization of defective elements in phased array antennas (2002)

A novel method for the diagnosis and localization of defective elements of feed network branches in large phased array antennas has been proposed and experimentally validated. A passive microwave comparer circuit is introduced which can be permanently integrated, in large numbers, in the phased array and will then be able to perform the functions of fault diagnostic and defective element localization. To validate the feasibility of the proposed technique, the complex ratio of two independent signals exciting two loads with the aid of a comparer circuit was measured.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An examination of voice in contemporary Canadian fiction, and, 'Ballistics': a novel (2015)

When the term “voice” is used in the discussion of contemporary fiction – as it frequently is – its meaning
is taken to be understood intuitively, and more often than not no further elaboration is either required or
offered. In these essays – augmented by my novel, Ballistics, which has more than once been described as
having a “very distinct voice” – I examine what, exactly, we mean (or think we mean) by the term “voice”
when we use it in our discourse about fiction: it turns out that what we know intuitively does not so
elegantly hold up under scrutiny. I examine the standardized methods for both talking about “voice” and
improving it in one’s own fiction, as put forward by luminary novelists and teachers like John Gardner and
Jack Hodgins, and I suggest that part of the reason why discussion of “voice” is limited to what we feel,
intuitively, is because voice is not embedded in the text, but, instead, constitutes the experience – the
what it’s like – of engaging with a work of literature.
The Interpretation of Crystal Lattice Images (1971)

With the high-resolution electron microscopes now commercially available, it is possible to obtain resolution in images of crystal lattices of 2Å or better. While this is applied most frequently for obtaining simple fringe patterns from materials having small unit cells, it may also be used to resolve detail within the unit cell of more complicated structures as in figure 1, obtained with a JEM-100B electron microscope at 100kV. We are investigating means for obtaining better images, e.g. by the use of pointed filaments, and are studying the possibility that the details of contrast in such images may be interpreted in terms of the crystal structure. Since a thin crystal is primarily a phase object, a simple, intuitive interpretation of the contrast is not possible. Calculations of contrast made by Elizabeth Chidzey (1970) using a phase-grating approximation for very thin crystals and a more complete n-beam dynamical theory for thicker crystals have confirmed the strong dependence of the contrast on crystal orientation, crystal thickness and the defocus of the microscope.
Chemically Delaminated Free‐Standing Ultrathin Covalent Organic Nanosheets (2016)

Abstract Covalent organic nanosheets (CONs) are a new class of porous thin two‐dimensional (2D) nanostructures that can be easily designed and functionalized and could be useful for separation applications. Poor dispersion, layer restacking, and difficult postsynthetic modifications are the major hurdles that need to be overcome to fabricate scalable CON thin films. Herein, we present a unique approach for the chemical exfoliation of an anthracene‐based covalent organic framework (COF) to N ‐hexylmaleimide‐functionalized CONs, to yield centimeter‐sized free‐standing thin films through layer‐by‐layer CON assembly at the air–water interface. The thin‐layer fabrication technique presented here is simple, scalable, and does not require any surfactants or stabilizing agents.
Unexpected left ventricular free-wall rupture following an aortic catheter-valve implantation (2009)

Our experience with the Sapien trans-apical aortic valve (Edwards Lifesciences Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) has been straightforward without per-procedural mortality except in 1/16 consecutive cases who developed non-apical haemorrhage early after valve implantation. We describe the case of an 84-year-old female carrying a very high operative risk (logistic EuroScore of 44%), who underwent a trans-apical stent-valve implantation for severe and symptomatic aortic valve stenosis (23 mm). Due to massive blood loss, an emergency sternotomy and cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass resuscitation were necessary to treat (without success) an unusual and unexpected subaortic left ventricular free-wall rupture that occurred few minutes after the stent-valve positioning and implantation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first described case of a left ventricular free-wall rupture occurring after an otherwise non-complicated standard catheter-based aortic valve replacement.
HPV16-Related Cervical Cancers and Precancers Have Increased Levels of Host Cell DNA Methylation in Women Living with HIV (2018)

Data on human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific cervical cancer risk in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WLHIV) are needed to understand HPV⁻HIV interaction and to inform prevention programs for this population. We assessed high-risk HPV type-specific prevalence in cervical samples from 463 WLHIV from South Africa with different underlying, histologically confirmed stages of cervical disease. Secondly, we investigated DNA hypermethylation of host cell genes <i>ASCL1</i>, <i>LHX8</i>, and <i>ST6GALNAC5</i>, as markers of advanced cervical disease, in relation to type-specific HPV infection. Overall, HPV prevalence was 56% and positivity increased with severity of cervical disease: from 28.0% in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1 or less (≤CIN1) to 100% in invasive cervical cancer (ICC). HPV16 was the most prevalent type, accounting for 9.9% of HPV-positive ≤CIN1, 14.3% of CIN2, 31.7% of CIN3, and 45.5% of ICC. HPV16 was significantly more associated with ICC and CIN3 than with ≤CIN1 (adjusted for age, OR<sub>MH</sub> 7.36 (95% CI 2.33⁻23.21) and 4.37 (95% CI 1.81⁻10.58), respectively), as opposed to non-16 high-risk HPV types. Methylation levels of <i>ASCL1</i>, <i>LHX8</i>, and <i>ST6GALNAC5</i> in cervical scrapes of women with CIN3 or worse (CIN3+) associated with HPV16 were significantly higher compared with methylation levels in cervical scrapes of women with CIN3+ associated with non-16 high-risk HPV types (<i>p</i>-values 0.017, 0.019, and 0.026, respectively). When CIN3 and ICC were analysed separately, the same trend was observed, but the differences were not significant. Our results confirm the key role that HPV16 plays in uterine cervix carcinogenesis, and suggest that the evaluation of host cell gene methylation levels may monitor the progression of cervical neoplasms also in WLHIV.
Electron Enrichment in 3d Transition Metal Oxide Hetero-Nanostructures (2011)

Direct experimental observation of spontaneous electron enrichment of metal d orbitals in a new transition metal oxide heterostructure with nanoscale dimensionality is reported. Aqueous chemical synthesis and vapor phase deposition are combined to fabricate oriented arrays of high-interfacial-area hetero-nanostructures comprised of titanium oxide and iron oxide nanomaterials. Synchrotron-based soft X-ray spectroscopy techniques with high spectral resolution are utilized to directly probe the titanium and oxygen orbital character of the interfacial region's occupied and unoccupied densities of states. These data demonstrate the interface to possess electrons in Ti 3d bands and an emergent degree of orbital hybridization that is absent in parent oxide reference crystals. The carrier dynamics of the hetero-nanostructures are studied by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, which reveals the presence of a dense manifold of states, the relaxations from which exhibit multiple exponential decays whose magnitudes depend on their energetic positions within the electronic structure.
Outcome of cytomegalovirus infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2001)

The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections complicating the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).The records and clinical courses were reviewed for all IBD patients who were evaluated at the IBD Center of the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and who developed CMV infection.Ten patients with severe, medically refractory IBD (five ulcerative colitis, three Crohn's colitis, and two indeterminate colitis) developed CMV infection. All but two were hospitalized with exacerbation of their underlying disease and were receiving immunosuppressive treatment with steroids, thiopurines, and/or cyclosporine at the time CMV infection was recognized. Eight patients had documented colonic CMV (one had concurrent upper GI tract involvement), one developed interstitial CMV and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and one developed primary CMV mononucleosis. Prompt treatment with ganciclovir and withdrawal of immunosuppressive treatment resulted in gradual improvement and induction of remission of the underlying IBD in five patients. The patient with concomitant CMV and P. carinii pneumonitis died. In two patients, treatment with ganciclovir did not alter the clinical course of their IBD, and one of them underwent colectomy. In one patient CMV was found on the resected colonic specimen. One patient with primary CMV infection responded also to ganciclovir treatment.CMV infection may aggravate the course of seemingly refractory IBD in patients who either fail to respond or experience worsening of symptoms despite immunosuppressive therapy. Expedient evaluation, prompt treatment intervention with ganciclovir, and withdrawal of immunosuppressive treatment may avoid complications and mortality. This regimen leads to improvement of the underlying IBD in most patients.
11.2: Novel Fluorene‐Based Blue Emitters for High Performance OLEDs (2004)

Abstract High performance new blue‐emitting host‐dopant systems, which consist of pyrene‐substituted fluorene hosts such as DPYFL01 and diarylamino‐substituted origo(fluorenylene)s represented by BDT3FL as dopants, have been developed. The new host material, DPYFL01 showed high electron‐mobility with 1×10 −3 cm 2 /Vs. A device using DPYFL01 demonstrated blue emission (CIE: x, y = 0.15–0.16, 0.20–0.21) with high power efficiency of 4.5 lm/W at 200 cd/m 2 . The use of 20% BDT3FL in DPYFL01 resulted in deep‐blue emission (CIE: 0.15, 0.15) while keeping high power efficiency of 4.6 lm/W at 3.1 V. The device‐structure optimization together with the use of an additional host, C‐H01 afforded deep‐blue emission (CIE: 0.15, 0.14) and higher power efficiency of 4.9 lm/W and external quantum efficiency of 3.9 % at 4.3 mA/cm 2 with 200 cd/m 2 . Lifetime of the optimized device using 10 % BDT3FL was estimated to be over 10,000 hour at an initial luminance of 200 cd/m 2 .
Comparison of signal coupling methods for power line communication between a motor and an inverter (2010)

It has been shown that the motor cables in variable-speed electric drives are a feasible medium for power line communication (PLC). Communication between an electric motor and an inverter is required because of sensors installed at the motor. These sensors are used in the motor control and in the diagnostics. A PLC signal is coupled through a coupling interface to the motor power cable. Being the only component in the channel that can be affected in the communication system design, the coupling interface thus constitutes an essential part of the system. Different coupling interfaces are already introduced for normal low-voltage networks, but not for inverter-fed networks. This study considers the applied channel characteristics and noise scenario from the viewpoint of communication. Two different coupling interfaces, capacitive and inductive, are developed and analysed by laboratory tests. The developed inductive coupling method makes it possible to create a broadband data transmission link between a motor and an inverter without a du/dt filter at the inverter output.
Extreme Scaled Gate Dielectrics By Using ALD HfO2/SrTiO3 Composite Structures (2009)

A sub 1-nm equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) gate stack with conduction band edge effective work function is demonstrated with an ALD deposited HfO2/SrTiO3 based composite material. An EOT reduction of 0.2 nm as compared to the HfO2 reference is obtained after applying a high thermal budget in a gate first transistor flow. A comparison with ALD HfO2/La2O3 and HfO2/MgO composite stacks is made. Results suggest that the EOT reduction and threshold voltage shift (Vt) are determined by the Sr, La or Mg diffusion inside the dielectric stack and into the interface oxide after a thermal treatment. The onset of this diffusion is temperature dependent and differs from stack to stack.
Photoelectrochemistry of nickel(II) oxide (1981)

The electrochemistry and photoelectrochemistry of a (110) face of single-crystal lithiated NiO has been studied. The Mott–Schottky and photocurrent appearance potential suggest a flat-band potential of +0.8 V (NHE), and earlier capacitance data are used to fix a second acceptor level at +0.4 eV above the Li acceptor states. A simple geometrical interpretation of the anodic transients at 0.95 and 1.30 V (NHE) is provided, and the Tafel slope observed at anodic potentials is shown to be consistent with an electrochemical process having charge transfer as a rate-determining step. The optical data are interpreted with an energy-level scheme using a value of ca. 3 eV for the Hubbard parameter U defining the correlation splitting of the Ni 3d8 and Ni 3d9 configurations, and the data are consistent with a direct allowed transition at the band edge that is assigned to O 2p6→ Ni 3d9. Comparison with the X.p.e.s. spectrum and the known position of the O 2p6 band edge in other transition-metal oxides leads to a suggested Ni 3d8–O 2p6 band-edge separation of ca. 1.4 eV. The very low efficiencies found for NiO can be understood only if the minority-carrier diffusion length becomes comparable with the semiconductor Debye length. The very low ratio of free carriers to trapped holes in NiO is shown to make this material impractical for solar-energy devices.
Revisiting the optimal thickness profile of cooling fins: A one-dimensional analytical study using optimality conditions (2021)

This paper revisits the optimal thickness profile problem of a single cooling fin using a one-dimensional heat conduction equation with a convection boundary condition. Firstly, in contrast to previous works, we apply an approach using optimality conditions based on requiring stationarity of the Lagrangian functional of the optimisation problem. This yields an optimality condition basis for the commonly touted constant temperature gradient condition. Secondly, we seek to minimise the base temperature for a prescribed thermal power, rather than maximising the heat transfer rate for a constant base temperature as previous works. The optimal solution is shown to be fully equivalent for the two, which may seem obvious but to our knowledge has not been shown directly before. Lastly, it is shown that optimal cooling fins have a Biot number of 1, exhibiting perfect balance between conductive and convective resistances.
Label-Free Assay of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity in Single Cells (2019)

Populations of cells exhibit variations in biochemical activity, resulting from many factors including random stochastic variability in protein production, metabolic and cell-cycle states, regulatory mechanisms, and external signaling. The development of methods for the analysis of single cells has allowed for the measurement and understanding of this inherent heterogeneity, yet methods for measuring protein activities on the single-cell scale lag behind their genetic analysis counterparts and typically report on expression rather than activity. This paper presents an approach to measure protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity in individual cells using self-assembled monolayers for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Using flow cytometry, individual cells are first sorted into a well plate containing lysis buffer and a phosphopeptide substrate. After lysis and incubation-during which the PTP enzymes act on the peptide substrate-the reaction substrate and product are immobilized onto arrays of self-assembled monolayers, which are then analyzed using mass spectrometry. PTP activities from thousands of individual cells were measured and their distributions analyzed. This work demonstrates a general method for measuring enzyme activities in lysates derived from individual cells and will contribute to the understanding of cellular heterogeneity in a variety of contexts.
Fast carrier dynamics in GaAs photonic crystals near the material band edge at room temperature (2014)

We measure fast carrier decay rates (6 ps) in GaAs photonic crystal cavities with resonances near the GaAs bandgap energy at room temperature using a pump-probe measurement. Carriers generated via photoexcitation using an above-band femtosecond pulse cause a substantial blue-shift in the cavity peak. The experimental results are compared to theoretical models based on free carrier effects near the GaAs band edge. The probe transmission is modified for an estimated above-band pump energy of 4.2 fJ absorbed in the GaAs slab.
Knee and hip joint forces – sensitivity to the degrees of freedom classification at the knee (2011)

Previous research has demonstrated that the number of degrees of freedom (DOF) modelled at a given joint affects the antagonistic muscle activity predicted by inverse dynamics optimization techniques. This higher level of muscle activity in turn results in greater joint contact forces. For instance, modelling the knee as a 3 DOF joint has been shown to result in higher hip and knee joint forces commensurate with a higher level of muscular activity than when the knee is modelled with 1 DOF. In this study, a previously described musculoskeletal model of the lower limb was used to evaluate the sensitivity of the knee and hip joint contact forces to the DOF at the knee during vertical jumping in both a 1 and a 3 DOF knee model. The 3 DOF knee was found to predict higher tibiofemoral and hip joint contact forces and lower patellofemoral joint contact forces. The magnitude of the difference in hip contact force was at least as significant as that found in previous research exploring the effect of subject-specific hip geometry on hip contact force. This study therefore demonstrates a key sensitivity of knee and hip joint contact force calculations to the DOF at the knee. Finally, it is argued that the results of this study highlight an important physiological question with practical implications for the loading of the structures of the knee; that is, the relative interaction of muscular, ligamentous, and articular structures in creating moment equilibrium at the knee.