gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of curing kinetics and materials properties on imprint characteristics of resists for UV nano-imprint lithography (2007)

UV curable resist formulations for nanoimprint must satisfy criteria for cure rate, volatility, viscosity, cohesion of the cured material and release from the template in addition to being successfully imprintable. We describe an investigation of the properties of a series of formulations comprising polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and selected diluents as candidates for imprintable dielectrics. Although all have low viscosity and volatility and are successfully imprinted, significant variations in cure rate, mechanical and adhesion properties with resist composition are found. The trends observed are not all predictable from the literature, indicating that formulation optimization for this application requires a focus on the fundamentals of both materials and processes.
Catalyst Assisted Low Temperature Pre Epitaxial Cleaning for Si and SiGe Surfaces (2014)

Novel scaling approaches such as sGe channels on strain relaxed SiGe buffers, source/drain (S/D) stressors for FINFETs are usually grown using epitaxial process. Prior to the epitaxial growth, the starting surface should be free from oxygen and organic impurities. If not, these impurities would act as nucleating centres for defect formation resulting in defective epi growth. Conventionally, the wafers are HF dipped and then subjected to in-situ hydrogen bake at a temperature of 800°C in order to remove the above said impurities present on the wafer surface [1]. However, subjecting the strain relaxed SiGe to such high temperature baking would lead to roughening/islanding and subjecting the fins to high temperature baking might result in severe surface reflow [2]. As a result, the device performance would be adversely affected.
Assessing the Weight-Bearing Surface in Dysplastic Acetabulae: The Sourcil Index (2021)

The SI is a reproducible measurement on plain radiographs. The SI is a two-dimensional representation of the size of the weight-bearing surface of the acetabulum and could provide an estimation of joint contact pressures. Used with existing measures, the SI may provide a more nuanced understanding of acetabular morphology.
An efficient electrochemical biosensor for Vitamin-D3 detection based on aspartic acid functionalized gadolinium oxide nanorods (2019)

In this study, an efficient electrochemical biosensor for Vitamin-D3 detection using gadolinium oxide nanorods (Gd2O3NRs) has been reported. Gd2O3NRs were hydrothermally synthesized and functionalized with aspartic acid (Asp-Gd2O3NRs). Asp functionalization did not change the phase, shape and structure of Gd2O3NRs. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy study revealed the diameter of Asp-Gd2O3NRs as 14.26 ± 0.13 nm with enhanced dispersivity. The Gd2O3NRs and Asp-Gd2O3NRs showed zeta potential of +29 and +24 mV, respectively. Asp-Gd2O3NRs exhibited enhanced hydrophilicity and electrochemical property than the bare Gd2O3NRs. A thin film of Asp-Gd2O3NRs was deposited on a glass substrate coated with indium-tin-oxide (ITO) by electrophoretic deposition. The immobilization of Vitamin-D3 monoclonal antibody (Ab-VD) was done on the surface of Asp-Gd2O3NRs/ITO electrode for determination of Vitamin-D3. The study of BSA/Ab-VD/Asp-Gd2O3NRs/ITO immunoelectrode response with different Vitamin-D3 concentration was investigated using differential pulse voltammetry technique. The results of response study exhibited an improved sensitivity value of 0.38 μA ng−1 mL cm−2 with a linear range of 10–100 ng mL−1 for Vitamin-D3 detection while the detection limit of 0.10 ng mL−1 was obtained. This immunosensor showed a satisfactory response to commercially available Vitamin-D3 oral solution. Besides this, in vitro study of Gd2O3NRs and Asp-Gd2O3NRs was performed on RAW 264.7 and MCF-7 cells.
Recent status of perfluorinated graded index plastic optical fiber and its novel termination method (2001)

We report recent progress in perfluorinated graded index plastic optical fiber and its operability with gigabit Ethernet transceiver designed for silica glass fiber. Easy termination method and connector are also mentioned.
Music Information Retrieval for Jazz (2012)

Despite its promising title, this talk was a first introduction aimed at jazz musicologists explaining what MIR techniques exist and how they might be useful for jazz, as a starting point for a recently-started project where we try applying them to jazz -- i.e., we don't know yet.
REPLENISH Trial: Combination Capsule of Estradiol/Progesterone (TX-001HR) for Treating Hot Flushes [5M] (2017)

INTRODUCTION: Many FDA-approved hormone therapies (HTs) combining estrogens and progestins are currently available in the US for treating menopausal symptoms. The use of FDA-approved HT has recently declined, while that of custom-compounded hormone therapy (CHT) with estradiol and progesterone has increased. Current reports suggest that up to 3 million women 40 years and older are using CHT (30 million prescriptions/year). Compounded BHT may be associated with endometrial cancer. No single product combining natural 17β-estradiol and progesterone has been approved yet by the FDA. METHODS: REPLENISH (NCT01942668) was a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial (∼100 US sites) that evaluated the safety and efficacy of TX-001HR (a 17β-estradiol‒natural progesterone combination capsule) for treating moderate to severe hot flushes in postmenopausal women with an intact uterus. Of the total 1,847 women enrolled, 767 were randomly assigned to one of four TX-001HR daily doses (estradiol 1.0 mg/progesterone 100 mg, 0.5 mg/100 mg, 0.5 mg/50 mg, or 0.25 mg/50 mg) or placebo for 12 months (vasomotor symptom substudy); the remaining 1,080 women were randomly assigned between the active treatments. The four co-primary efficacy endpoints were the mean change from baseline to weeks 4 and 12 in frequency and severity of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms for active treatments vs placebo. The primary safety endpoint was the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia at 12 months. RESULTS: TX-001HR 1.0 mg/100 mg or 0.5 mg/100 mg met all 4 co-primary endpoints, with significant improvements from baseline in frequency and severity of moderate to severe hot flushes at weeks 4 (all, P&lt; 0.05) and 12 (all, P&lt; 0.001) compared with placebo. Women treated with TX-001HR 0.5 mg/50 mg had significant improvements in hot flush frequency and severity at week 12 (both, P&lt; 0.05) vs placebo, while those taking 0.25 mg/50 mg had significant improvements in frequency, but not in severity, at weeks 4 and 12 (both, P≤ 0.001). The incidence of endometrial hyperplasia or malignancy was 0% (by consensus read) with all four TX-001HR doses and placebo after 12 months of therapy. A high incidence of amenorrhea was achieved with all TX-001HR doses. CONCLUSION: TX-001HR 1.0 mg/100 mg or 0.5 mg/100 mg effectively treated menopause-related moderate to severe hot flushes and had a safe endometrial safety profile. If approved, TX-001HR – the first combination HT product containing naturally occurring 17β-estradiol and progesterone – may provide an alternative option for the estimated 3 million of women currently using unregulated, unapproved, compounded bio-identical in the US.
Ribozyme-catalyzed primer extension by trinucleotides: A model for the RNA-catalyzed replication of RNA (1993)

The existence of RNA enzymes that catalyze phosphodiester transfer reactions suggests that RNA-catalyzed RNA replication might be possible. Indeed, it has been shown that the Tetrahymena and sunY self-splicing introns will catalyze the template-directed ligation of RNA oligonucleotides (Doudna et al., 1989, 1991). We have sought to develop a more general RNA replication system in which arbitrary template sequences could be copied by the assembly of a limited set of short oligonucleotides. Here we examine the use of tetranucleotides as substrates for a primer-extension reaction in which the 5'-nucleoside of the tetranucleotide is the leaving group, and the primer is extended by the remaining three nucleotides. When the 5'-nucleoside is guanosine, the reaction is quite efficient, but a number of competing side reactions occur, in which inappropriate guanosine residues in the primer or the template occupy the guanosine binding site of the ribozyme. We have blocked these side reactions by using the guanosine analogue 2-aminopurine riboside (2AP) as the leaving group, in a reaction catalyzed by a mutant sunY ribozyme that binds efficiently to 2AP and not to guanosine. We have begun to address the issue of the fidelity of the primer-extension reaction by measuring reaction rates with a number of different triplet/template combinations. Our results provide the basis for the further development of an RNA-catalyzed RNA replication system using short oligonucleotide substrates with novel leaving groups.
Extending a C-like language for portable SIMD programming (2012)

SIMD instructions are common in CPUs for years now. Using these instructions effectively requires not only vectorization of code, but also modifications to the data layout. However, automatic vectorization techniques are often not powerful enough and suffer from restricted scope of applicability; hence, programmers often vectorize their programs manually by using intrinsics: compiler-known functions that directly expand to machine instructions. They significantly decrease programmer productivity by enforcing a very error-prone and hard-to-read assembly-like programming style. Furthermore, intrinsics are not portable because they are tied to a specific instruction set.
Supplementary Video 4L from Selective Targeting and Potent Control of Tumor Growth Using an EphA2/CD3-Bispecific Single-Chain Antibody Construct (2023)

Supplementary Video 4L from Selective Targeting and Potent Control of Tumor Growth Using an EphA2/CD3-Bispecific Single-Chain Antibody Construct
Stability, parameter estimation and adaptive control for discrete-time competing queues (1984)

In this paper, several discrete-time queues compete at the beginning of each time slot for the attention of a single server with infinite capacity. The service requirements are geometric with queue-dependent parameters, independent from customer to customer and independent from the arrivals. The stability of such systems is characterized under the action of an arbitrary, not necessarily Markovian, service allocation policy. Maximum likelihood estimates are obtained in explicit form for the service rates and their strong consistency is established. The results are then applied to the problem of adaptively controlling such systems when the service rates are unknown, under the long-run average performance criterion with instantaneous cost linear in the queue sizes.
Improvement of photoprotection with sunscreen formulas containing the cyclic merocyanine UVA1 absorber MCE: In vivo demonstration under simulated and real sun exposure conditions in three randomised controlled trials (2022)

Abstract Background Chronic sun exposure induces skin damage leading to skin ageing and skin colour heterogeneity with hyperpigmented spots. In this process ultra violet A (UVA) rays highly contribute, especially long‐UVA (UVA1) supporting the need for an efficient photoprotection over the whole UV spectrum. A new UVA1 filter, methoxypropylamino cyclohexenylidene ethoxyethylcyanoacetate (MCE), with a pic of absorption at 385 nm, has been recently approved for use in sunscreen products. Objective Three randomised clinical studies were performed to evaluate the additional photoprotection afforded by a sunscreen formula containing MCE compared to state‐of‐the‐art sunscreen lacking absorption in the longest UVA1 wavelengths. Two studies were performed on European volunteers with UV‐controlled (UVA1, ultra violet B (UVB) + UVA) exposures and one on Indian volunteers under real sun exposures. Methods Three intraindividual trials (two randomised UV‐controlled and one real sun) were conducted on a total of 62 healthy subjects with Fitzpatrick III–IV and individual typology angle (ITA°) values between −18° and 35°. The MCE at 2% was formulated in a state‐of‐the‐art sun protection factor 30 sunscreen reference allowing to enlarge the absorption profile up to 400 nm. UV‐induced pigmentation was assessed by colorimetric measures and visual scoring at different time points after a single exposure to UVA1 (Study 1) or repeated exposures to daily UV radiation comprising both UVB and UVA (Study 2) or under real sun (Study 3). Results Whatever the study exposure condition (UVA1, UVB + UVA, real sun), the level of pigmentation was increased as attested by colorimetric parameters (decreased luminance L * and ITA° values) and visual scorings. In the three studies, the comparison showed higher prevention of hyperpigmentation with the sunscreen enlarged in the longest UVA1 wavelengths with MCE compared to the state‐of‐the‐art sunscreen. No side effects were reported. Conclusions MCE is a valuable UVA1 filter to improve photoprotection over the entire UV spectrum in state‐of‐the‐art sunscreens and limits the impact of UVA1 rays.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Carbonyl‐Ene Reactions of Trifluoropyruvate in Ionic Liquid via a Recyclable Indium(III)‐Pybox Complex. (2010)

Abstract Most of the reactions carried out in a mixture of ionic liquid and DCE proceed faster than those carried out in pure DCE with comparable or better yields and enantioselectivities of the resulting tertiary homoallylic alcohols in shorter reaction times.
Hyperexpression of interleukin-7 is not necessary or sufficient for transformation of a pre-B lymphoid cell line. (1991)

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a potent stimulator of pre-B-lymphocyte proliferation. Pre-B cells transformed by a variety of oncogenes including those of the ABL protein tyrosine kinase family were screened for endogenous IL-7 mRNA expression by polymerase chain reaction and a sensitive bioassay for secreted IL-7. Some v-abl but none of the BCR/ABL, v-src, v-fms, v-myc, v-ras, or v-raf transformants analyzed contained elevated IL-7 transcripts. None of the cell lines secreted detectable bioactivity. We overexpressed IL-7 via a retroviral vector in an IL-7-dependent pre-B cell line to assess the potential for autocrine growth stimulation and malignant transformation. We achieved dramatic deregulation of IL-7 translational suppression by removing portions of the 5' flanking region. Levels of IL-7 expression much greater than those needed to establish factor-independent growth did not induce colony formation in agar by IL-7-expressing pre-B cell lines, and the majority of these lines were nontumorigenic in syngeneic mice. The same pre-B cell line transformed by v-abl displayed a highly malignant phenotype while containing dramatically lower IL-7 transcript levels. We conclude that endogenous IL-7 expression is not a necessary event in transformation of pre-B cells, nor is it sufficient to explain the malignant phenotype in v-abl-transformed cells. Up regulation of endogenous IL-7 expression in some transformed pre-B cells may be one of several synergistic events which can lead to malignant conversion.
Blood Substitutes (2006)

Abstract Blood transfusion systems have contributed considerably to human health and welfare. Nevertheless, numerous problems remain, such as infection of hepatitis virus and HIV, blood type mismatching, immunological response, short shelf life, and costs. Blood substitutes have been under development for decades to overcome those problems. Some substitutes for plasma components are already established, such as plasma expanders, electrolytes, and recombinant coagulant factors. Herein, we specifically address the research and development of substitutes for the function of red blood cells (artificial oxygen carriers, or oxygen infusions) such as chemically modified Hbs, encapsulated Hbs, synthetic heme derivatives, and perfluorochemicals. Unexpected side effects hindered further development of the early artificial oxygen carriers and indicated the physiological significance of the structure of red blood cells. Well‐designed and selected artificial oxygen carriers that meet requisite criteria will be eventually realized. They will provide remarkable innovation in conventional medical treatments.
Mouse lymph node germinal centers contain a selected subset of T cells--the helper phenotype. (1982)

Cells staining for Lyt-1 are more frequent than cells staining for Lyt-2 in both primary follicles and the cuffs of secondary follicles; there is an even more striking predominance of cells bearing only Lyt-1 in germinal centers. In addition, there is an increase in the total percentage of cells bearing T cell antigens in germinal centers compared to primary follicles. These differences in phenotype and distribution of T cell populations indicate the T cells in B cell areas, and especially in germinal centers, are not randomly selected, but rather represent a specific subpopulation of T cells enriched for the helper phenotype (Lyt-1+2-), perhaps involved in the development and/or function of germinal centers.
The Guidebook, the Friend, and the Room: Visitor Experience in a Historic House (2001)

In this paper, we describe an electronic guidebook prototype and report on a study of its use in a historic house. Supported by mechanisms in the guidebook, visitors constructed experiences that had a high degree of interaction with three entities: the guidebook, their companions, and the house and its contents. For example, we found that most visitors played audio descriptions played through speakers (rather than using headphones or reading textual descriptions) to facilitate communication with their companions.
Cost‐effective processing developments in the batchwise dyeing of cotton (1989)

Cotton continues to be the most important textile fibre worldwide and market research indicates that this situation will continue into the 1990s. Differences in labour costs between the major importers of textile goods and the leading textile exporting countries of Asia continue to widen. To be completely meaningful, however, productivity factors and production‐related costs should also be taken into consideration. Refinements in machinery design, and in process technology and control continue to be developed by the innovative leaders in their respective fields of technology. This paper will briefly review some of the more recent developments for the batchwise dyeing of cotton, with emphasis on cost‐effectiveness.
Proceedings of the sixth ACM workshop on Virtual machines and intermediate languages (2012)

Welcome to the sixth edition of the Virtual Machine and Intermediate Language (VMIL) workshop! We hope you find the program stimulating and participate in the lively and collegial discussions that are a hallmark of the VMIL workshop. This year's workshop program consists of seven paper presentations and two invited talks. Authors of papers accepted for presentation at VMIL had the option to include the paper in the formal proceedings of the workshop; six of the seven accepted papers are included in these proceedings. The papers covered a range of topics in virtual machine design and optimization.

The VMIL workshop is a forum for research in virtual machines and intermediate languages. It is dedicated to identifying programming mechanisms and constructs that are currently realized as code transformations or implemented in libraries but should rather be supported at the VM level. Candidates for such mechanisms and constructs include modularity mechanisms, concurrency mechanisms, etc. Topics of interest include the investigation of which such mechanisms are worthwhile candidates for integration with the run-time environment, how said mechanisms can be elegantly (and reusably) expressed at the intermediate language level (e.g., in bytecode), how their implementations can be optimized, and how virtual machine architectures might be shaped to facilitate such implementation efforts. We especially welcome transformative ideas for virtual machines, including efficient support for game-changing IL mechanisms.
Role of tachykinin NK<SUB>1</SUB> and NK<SUB>2</SUB> receptors on colonic motility in anesthetized rats: effect of agonists (1997)

Tachykinins fulfill general criteria to be considered as neurotransmitters-neuroeffectors in the mammalian enteric nervous system; however, little information is available about their role in the regulation of intestinal motility in vivo. The present study investigates the effect of selective tachykinin receptor agonists on colonic motility in urethane-anesthetized rats. Colonic motility was recorded by means of a balloon-catheter device (filled with 0.5 mL of water) inserted for 7 cm through the rectum. In atropine- and guanethidine-pretreated rats, the NK1 receptor agonist [Sar9]substance P sulfone (0.3-300 nmol/kg i.v.) dose dependently induced phasic contractions followed by an enhancement in the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions. In three of six cases, a transient inhibition (3-5 min) of spontaneous motility was also evident after the phasic contraction. All these effects were reduced by the NK1 receptor antagonist SR 140333 (1 mumol/kg i.v.). In atropine- and guanethidine-pretreated rats and in the presence of SR 140333 (1 mumol/kg i.v.), the NK2 receptor agonist [beta-Ala8]neurokinin A-(4-10) (0.3-300 nmol/kg i.v.) induced a dose-dependent tonic contraction, but the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions were not changed. NK2 receptor antagonists such as MEN 11420 (0.01-1 mumol/kg i.v.), MEN 10627 (1 mumol/kg i.v.), or SR 48968 (1 mumol/kg i.v.) reduced the effect of [beta-Ala8]neurokinin A-(4-10). The present results indicate that NK2 receptor stimulation evokes a pure excitatory effect on colonic motility whereas NK1 receptor stimulation induces both excitatory and inhibitory effects.
Genome‐wide miRNA signatures of human longevity (2012)

Little is known about the functions of miRNAs in human longevity. Here, we present the first genome-wide miRNA study in long-lived individuals (LLI) who are considered a model for healthy aging. Using a microarray with 863 miRNAs, we compared the expression profiles obtained from blood samples of 15 centenarians and nonagenarians (mean age 96.4 years) with those of 55 younger individuals (mean age 45.9 years). Eighty miRNAs showed aging-associated expression changes, with 16 miRNAs being up-regulated and 64 down-regulated in the LLI relative to the younger probands. Seven of the eight selected aging-related biomarkers were technically validated using quantitative RT-PCR, confirming the microarray data. Three of the eight miRNAs were further investigated in independent samples of 15 LLI and 17 younger participants (mean age 101.5 and 36.9 years, respectively). Our screening confirmed previously published miRNAs of human aging, thus reflecting the utility of the applied approach. The hierarchical clustering analysis of the miRNA microarray expression data revealed a distinct separation between the LLI and the younger controls (P-value < 10(-5) ). The down-regulated miRNAs appeared as a cluster and were more often reported in the context of diseases than the up-regulated miRNAs. Moreover, many of the differentially regulated miRNAs are known to exhibit contrasting expression patterns in major age-related diseases. Further in silico analyses showed enrichment of potential targets of the down-regulated miRNAs in p53 and other cancer pathways. Altogether, synchronized miRNA-p53 activities could be involved in the prevention of tumorigenesis and the maintenance of genomic integrity during aging.