gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Sampling for HPV Testing: Increased Cervical Cancer Screening Participation and Incorporation in International Screening Programs (2017)

In most industrialized countries, screening programs for cervical cancer have shifted from cytology (Pap smear or ThinPrep) alone on clinician-obtained samples to the addition of screening for human papillomavirus (HPV), its main causative agent. For HPV testing, self-sampling instead of clinician-sampling has proven to be equally accurate, in particular for assays that use nucleic acid amplification techniques. In addition, HPV testing of self-collected samples in combination with a follow-up Pap smear in case of a positive result is more effective in detecting precancerous lesions than a Pap smear alone. Self-sampling for HPV testing has already been adopted by some countries, while others have started trials to evaluate its incorporation into national cervical cancer screening programs. Self-sampling may result in more individuals willing to participate in cervical cancer screening, because it removes many of the barriers that prevent women, especially those in low socioeconomic and minority populations, from participating in regular screening programs. Several studies have shown that the majority of women who have been underscreened but who tested HPV-positive in a self-obtained sample, will visit a clinic for follow-up diagnosis and management. Additionally, a self-collected sample can also be used for vaginal microbiome analysis, which can provide additional information about HPV infection persistence as well as vaginal health in general.
Operation Improvement of the Three-Level T-NPC Soft Switching Inverter with Passive Snubber (2021)

The paper presents research results on a soft commutated three-level inverter (S3L) and concepts of its operation improvements. The inverter bases on a T-type topology with an auxiliary circuit which reduces turn-off switching losses. The solution can be especially favorable in high power IGBT-based converters where the achieved reduction of the turn-off losses can be substantial. The auxiliary circuits reduce pace of the voltage rise by discharging of a snubber capacitor during turning the half-bridge switches off. The paper presents operation principle of the S3L converter, its control and efficiency under the active and reactive load as well as control scheme improvement at part load operation. The proposed special control protects the converter against shorting the snubber capacitors which can occur when the load current is not high enough. The possibility of the dead-time cancelation is demonstrated as well. The analysis is underpinned with experimental results based on a 33 kVA demonstrator.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Absolute Configuration, and Biological Profile of the Enantiomers of trans‐(2‐(2,6‐Dimethoxyphenoxy)ethyl) ((3‐p‐tolyl‐2,3‐ dihydro‐1,4‐benzodioxin‐2‐yl)methyl)amine (Mephendioxan), a Potent Competitive α1A‐Adrenoreceptor Antagonist. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Use of Probiotics as Prophylaxis for Postoperative Infections (2011)

Postoperative bacterial infections are common despite prophylactic administration of antibiotics. The wide-spread use of antibiotics in patients has contributed to the emergence of multiresistant bacteria. A restricted use of antibiotics must be followed in most clinical situations. In surgical patients there are several reasons for an altered microbial flora in the gut in combination with an altered barrier function leading to an enhanced inflammatory response to surgery. Several experimental and clinical studies have shown that probiotics (mainly lactobacilli) may reduce the number of potentially pathogenia bacteria (PPM) and restore a deranged barrier function. It is therefore of interest to test if these abilities of probiotics can be utilized in preoperative prophylaxis. These factors may be corrected by perioperative administration of probiotics in addition to antibiotics. Fourteen randomized clinical trials have been presented in which the effect of such regimens has been tested. It seems that in patients undergoing liver transplantation or elective surgery in the upper gastrointestinal tract prophylactic administration of different probiotic strains in combination with different fibers results in a three-fold reduction in postoperative infections. In parallel there seems to be a reduction in postoperative inflammation, although that has not been studied in a systematic way. The use of similar concepts in colorectal surgery has not been successful in reducing postoperative infections. Reasons for this difference are not obvious. It may be that higher doses of probiotics with longer duration are needed to influence microbiota in the lower gastrointestinal tract or that immune function in colorectal patients may not be as important as in transplantation or surgery in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The favorable results for the use of prophylactic probiotics in some settings warrant further controlled studies to elucidate potential mechanisms, impact on gut microbiota and influence on clinical management. The use of probiotics must be better delineated in relation to type of bacteria, dose and length of administration.
The orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B regulates expression of the gene encoding steroid 21-hydroxylase. (1993)

As part of its trophic action to maintain the steroidogenic capacity of adrenocortical cells, corticotropin (ACTH) increases the transcription of the cytochrome P-450 steroid hydroxylase genes, including the gene encoding steroid 21-hydroxylase (21-OHase). We previously identified several promoter elements that regulate 21-OHase gene expression in mouse Y1 adrenocortical tumor cells. One of these elements, located at nucleotide -65, closely resembles the recognition sequence of the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B, suggesting that NGFI-B regulates this essential steroidogenic enzyme. To explore this possibility, we first used in situ hybridization to demonstrate high levels of NGFI-B transcripts in the adrenal cortex of the adult rat. In cultured mouse Y1 adrenocortical cells, treatment with ACTH, the major regulator of 21-OHase transcription, rapidly increased NGFI-B expression. Gel mobility shift and DNase I footprinting experiments showed that recombinantly expressed NGFI-B interacts specifically with the 21-OHase -65 element and identified one complex formed by Y1 extracts and the 21-OHase -65 element that contains NGFI-B. Expression of NGFI-B significantly augmented the activity of the intact 21-OHase promoter, while mutations of the -65 element that abolish NGFI-B binding markedly diminished NGFI-B-mediated transcriptional activation. Specific mutations of NGFI-B shown previously to impair either DNA binding or transcriptional activation diminished the effect of NGFI-B coexpression on 21-OHase expression. Finally, an oligonucleotide containing the NGFI-B response element conferred ACTH response to a core promoter from the prolactin gene, showing that this element is sufficient for ACTH induction. Collectively, these results identify a cellular promoter element that is regulated by NGFI-B and implicate NGFI-B in the transcriptional induction of 21-OHase by ACTH.
Intramolecular Through-Space Antiferromagnetic Interactions of Cross-Conjugated Aromatic Polyaminium Radical Gels (2009)

Highly networked, cross-conjugated aromatic polyamine gels were prepared by palladium-catalyzed polycondensation. The gels were characterized by the cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) 13C NMR and IR spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The data confirm that the polymerization proceeded without any side reactions and that the gels possessing the significant thermal stability are composed of the mixtures of polycrystalline and amorphous moieties. Chemical oxidation of the gels with NOPF6 solubilized with 18-crown-6 in CH2Cl2 gave the corresponding aminium polyradicals. Appearance of the ESR signals at g = 2.003 and the new IR peaks supported the aminium radical generation. The p-methoxy-substituted aromatic polyaminium radical, the polyradical of poly(2), realized the higher spin concentration of 65% and the enhanced chemical stability than the polyradical of poly(1) without any protecting groups. However, the magnetic measurements of the polyradical of poly(2) did not show any intramolecular ferromagnetic interactions, but indicated very strong intramolecular through-space antiferromagnetic interactions.
Turbo decoding in impulsive noise environments (2003)

The application of turbo codes to environments with impulsive noise, e.g. power line and digital subscriber line communication, but also mobile radio scenarios, is considered. A detector/turbo decoder concept, derived from turbo equalisation, avoiding potential numerical instabilities, is proposed. It is shown that turbo codes facilitate considerable performance improvements.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Constrained (N)‐Methanocarba Nucleosides as Adenosine Receptor Agonists: Independent 5′‐Uronamide and 2′‐Deoxy Modifications. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phospha-capped cobalt(III) cage molecules: synthesis, properties, and structure (1989)

Base-induced condensation of [Co(sen)]3+[sen = 4,4′,4″-ethylidynetris(3-azabutan-1-amine)] with paraformaldehyde and phosphine leads to the phospha-capped bicyclic cage complexes [Co(Mephosphasar)]3+(Mephosphasar = 8-methyl-3,6,10,13,16,19,1-hexa-azaphosphabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane) and its phosphine oxide derivative [Co(Me, Ophosphasar)]3+; the complexes have surprisingly different spectral and electrochemical properties which are attributed to their different conformations and the X-ray crystal structure of [Co(Me, Ophosphasar)][ZnCl4]Cl has been determined.
The anaphylatoxin C3a downregulates the Th2 response to epicutaneously introduced antigen (2004)

Mechanical injury to the skin results in activation of the complement component C3 and release of the anaphylatoxin C3a. C3a binds to a seven-transmembrane G protein–coupled receptor, C3aR. We used C3aR(–/–) mice to examine the role of C3a in a mouse model of allergic inflammation induced by epicutaneous sensitization with OVA. C3aR(–/–) mice exhibited an exaggerated Th2 response to epicutaneous but not to intraperitoneal sensitization with OVA, as evidenced by significantly elevated levels of serum OVA-specific IgG1 and significantly increased secretion of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 by antigen-stimulated splenocytes. Presentation of OVA peptide by C3aR(–/–) APCs caused significantly more IL-4 and IL-5 secretion by T cells from OVA–T cell receptor (OVA-TCR) transgenic mice compared with presentation by WT APCs. C3a inhibited the ability of splenocytes, but not of highly purified T cells, to secrete Th2 cytokines in response to TCR ligation. This inhibition was mediated by IL-12 secreted by APCs in response to C3a. These results suggest that C3a-C3aR interactions inhibit the ability of APCs to drive Th2 cell differentiation in response to epicutaneously introduced antigen and may have important implications for allergic skin diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: π‐Facial Selectivity in Polyaniline‐Supported Cobalt‐Catalyzed Aerobic Epoxidation of N‐Cinnamoyl Proline Derivatives. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Award-winning control applications (2002)

Virtually all dynamical systems, whether mechanical, electrical, chemical, economic, or social, can be improved with control technology. Most practical implementations, however, still require challenging innovations by designers to fully realize the potential of our diverse methodologies. This article reviews three recent examples of such innovations.
Abstract 4724: Adverse prognostic significance of TNFAIP8 protein expression in non small cell lung cancer (2014)

Abstract Background: Tumor necrosis factor alpha induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) is a transcription factor NF-kB inducible antiapoptotic and oncogenic molecule. Positive correlation between TNFAIP8 expression and cancer progression/poor prognosis has been described in a few human solid cancers including pancreatic and esophageal primaries. We were the first to publish the correlation of TNFAIP8 expression with high tumor grade and its independent predictor status for disease recurrence in prostatic adenocarcinomas. In this study, we evaluated the significance of this protein in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Design: A total of 144 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded NSCLCs were analyzed (122 primary tumor resections and 22 tissue microarray samples); including 47 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 59 adenocarcinomas (AC), and 38 bronchioloalveolar carcinomas (BAC), were immunostained by a manual method using a custom made anti-TNFAIP8 antibody as described earlier (Zhang et al., Int J Cancer,133: 31-42, 2013). The staining pattern was semiquantitatively assessed based on staining intensity and distribution and the results were correlated with morphologic and prognostic variables. Results: Immunoreactivity for TNFAIP8 was predominantly cytoplasmic. TNFAIP8 protein overexpression was noted in 84/144 (58%) tumors and correlated with tumor type [45/59 (76)% AC vs 29/47 (62%) SCC vs 10/38 (26%) BAC, p&amp;lt;0.0001], overall with advanced tumor stage [24/31 (77%) advanced vs 60/113 (53%) early, p=0.015] and lymph node positive status [31/41 (76%) LN+ vs 53/103 (52%) LN-, p=0.008]. Within the AC subgroup, there was a trend toward correlation with advanced tumor stage [13/14 (93%) advanced vs 32/45 (71%) early, p=0.095] and lymph node positive status [18/20 (90%) LN+ vs 27/39 (69%) LN-, p=0.076]. On multivariate analysis, LN+ status independently predicted shortened survival. Conclusion: TNFAIP8 immunohistochemical expression portends poor prognosis in NSCLC and may constitute a novel therapeutic target in the management of aggressive NSCLC, warranting further study. Citation Format: Bhaskar VS Kallakury, Usha N. Kasid, Olga Voronel, Christopher B. Sheehan, Christine E. Sheehan, Jeffrey S. Ross. Adverse prognostic significance of TNFAIP8 protein expression in non small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4724. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4724
Analysis of task assignment with cycle stealing under central queue (2004)

We consider the problem of task assignment in a distributed server system, where short jobs are separated from long jobs, but short jobs may be run in the long job partition if it is idle (cycle stealing). Jobs are assumed to be nonpreemptible, where short and long jobs have generally distributed service requirements, and arrivals are Poisson. We consider two variants of this problem: a central queue model and an immediate dispatch model. This paper presents the first analysis of cycle stealing under the central-queue model. (Cycle stealing under the immediate dispatch model is analyzed in [9]). The analysis uses a technique which we refer to as busy period transitions. Results show that cycle stealing can reduce mean response time for short jobs by orders of magnitude, while long jobs are only slightly penalized. Furthermore using a central queue yields significant performance improvement over immediate dispatch, both from the perspective of the benefit to short jobs and the penalty to long jobs.
Adaptive Contrast Enhancement in DCT Domain (2005)

Images coded by DCT based compression contain several quality degradations by quantization process. Among them contrast distortion is the important one because human eyes are sensitive to contrast. In case of low bit-rate coded image, we can not get an image having good quality due to quantization error. In this paper, we suggest a new scheme to enhance image's contrast in DCT domain. Proposed method enhances only edge regions. Homogeneous regions are not considered in this method. DCT coefficient blocks are decomposed to sub-blocks for detail edge region discrimination. we could apply this scheme to real-time application because proposed scheme is DCT based method.
Attrition in the Pharmaceutical Industry — Reasons, Implications, and Pathways Forward. Edited by Alexander Alex, C. John Harris, Dennis A. Smith (2017)

Wiley, Hoboken 2015. 370 pp., hardcover, $135.00.—ISBN 978-1-118-67967-8
<title>In-situ measurement of conducting polymers on evaporated and electrochemically deposited Au surfaces</title> (2002)

By utilizing strain gage technology it is possible to directly and continuously measure the electrochemically induced strain response of EAP actuators. Strain sensitive actuators were constructed by directly vapor depositing gold (EvAu) on polyimide strain gages which are capable of measuring strain with an accuracy of +/- 1(mu) (epsilon) . Strain sensitive actuators were used to evaluate the strain response of polypyrrole (PPy), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) (PEDOP) and poly(3,6-bis(2-(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thienyl)-N-carbazole) (PBEDOT-Cz). PPy was shown to produce significantly higher strain when compared to PEDOP and PBEDOT-Cz. The resulting overall strain for the materials was: 236, 33, and 35 (mu) (epsilon) respectively. From the initial investigation, adhesion of the EAP to the EvAu layer was identified as a major factor in the resulting lifetime and strain response of these actuators. Therefore an electrochemically deposited Au layer (EcAu) was deposited on top of the EvAu layer to improve the adhesion of the EAP to the working electrode. By changing the surface roughness from requals3.43 (EvAu) to requals8.26 and 18.00 (EcAu) the normalized strain response after 2000 cycles increases from 45% to 60% and 68% respectively. Also by changing the surface roughness from 5 to 23, the resulting strain response increases from ~100 (mu) (epsilon) to 600-800 (mu) (epsilon) for Ppy.
Drug-device combination products in the twenty-first century: epinephrine auto-injector development using human factors engineering (2014)

Introduction: The systematic application of human factors engineering (HFE) principles to the development of drug-device combination products, including epinephrine auto-injectors (EAIs), has the potential to improve the effectiveness and safety of drug administration.Areas covered: A PubMed search was performed to assess the role of HFE in the development of drug-device combination products. The following keywords were used in different combinations: ‘human factors engineering,’ ‘human factors,’ ‘medical products,’ ‘epinephrine/adrenaline auto-injector,’ ‘healthcare’ and ‘patient safety.’ This review provides a summary of HFE principles and their application to the development of drug-device combination products as advised by the US FDA. It also describes the HFE process that was applied to the development of Auvi-Q, a novel EAI, highlighting specific steps that occurred during the product-development program.Expert opinion: For drug-device combination products, device labeling and usability are critical and have the potential to impact clinical outcomes. Application of HFE principles to the development of drug-delivery devices has the potential to improve product quality and reliability, reduce risk and improve patient safety when applied early in the development process. Additional clinical and real-world studies will confirm whether the application of HFE has helped to develop an EAI that better meets the needs of patients at risk of anaphylaxis.
Measurement of Ethanol in Gaseous Breath Using a Miniature Gas Chromatograph (2011)

We designed and built a novel, miniature gas chromatograph (mGC) to use exhaled breath to estimate blood ethanol concentrations that may offer GC quality sensitivity and specificity, but with portability, reduced size, and decreased cost. We hypothesized that the mGC would accurately estimate the serum ethanol concentration using exhaled breath. Human subjects (n = 8) were dosed with ethanol employing the Widmark criteria, targeting a blood concentration of 0.08 g/dL. Serum and breath samples were collected concurrently over an hour. Ethanol concentrations in serum were measured using a CLIA-approved laboratory. Ethanol concentrations in conventional breath were assayed using a calibrated mGC or Intoxilyzer 400PA. Data were analyzed using Bland-Altman analysis using serum concentrations as a "gold standard". For the mGC, the regression line (correlation coefficient), bias, and 95% limits of agreement were y = 1.013x - 0.009 (r = 0.91), -0.008 g/dL, and -0.031 to 0.016 g/dL, respectively, for 30 specimens. For the Intoxilyzer 400PA, the regression line (correlation coefficient), bias, and 95% limits of agreement were y = 0.599x + 0.008 (r = 0.86), -0.024 g/dL, and -0.049 to 0.002 g/dL, respectively, for 71 specimens with a large magnitude effect. We concluded that the mGC, using exhaled breath, performed well to estimate the serum ethanol concentrations.
Nonoxidative glucose metabolism a prerequisite for formation of dilute urine (1982)

To examine links between norepinephrine- (NE) stimulated sodium transport and gluconeogenesis, we perfused isolated rat kidneys with 6% albumin, containing various combinations of glucose, alanine, pyruvate. and lactate and inhibitors of gluconeogenesis (0.1 mM mercaptopicolinate, MP) or glucose metabolism (0.2-0.5 mM 2-deoxyglucose, DG). Inulin clearance, fractional potassium reabsorption, total sodium reabsorption, and free water clearance were higher in kidneys perfused with 5 mM glucose plus 2 mM alanine than in kidneys perfused with either 10 mM lactate or 5 mM pyruvate. NE, added after 40 min of perfusion, decreased fractional sodium and potassium excretion in all experiments. In lactate- and/or pyruvate-perfused kidneys NE decreased fractional water excretion with little increase in free water clearance; free water formation was lowest in kidneys perfused with DG or MP. Glucose (5 mM) reversed the inhibitory effect of MP on free water clearance. In glucose-perfused kidneys NE did not decrease fractional water excretion, whereas free water clearance increased threefold. NE stimulated glucose production from pyruvate 2.4-fold and from lactate 1.6-fold. MP inhibited gluconeogenesis both in the basal state and after NE. We conclude that the formation of dilute urine requires nonoxidative glucose metabolism to maintain low water permeability in the diluting segment and a high peritubular glucose concentration that is ensured by gluconeogenesis in adjacent proximal tubules.