gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High performance NIR fluorescent silica nanoparticles for bioimaging (2013)

We synthesized a new alkoxysilane-functionalized perylenediimide (PDI) dye with fluorescence emission in the near infrared (NIR). Incorporation of the dye into silica nanoparticles and subsequent internalization in living cells shows promising results for application in confocal laser scanning microscopy, allowing simultaneous imaging with other commonly used dyes or fluorescent proteins.
Mitochondrial Structural Changes and Dysfunction Are Associated with Experimental Allergic Asthma (2008)

An imbalance between Th1 and Th2 immune response is crucial for the development of pathophysiological features of asthma. A Th2-dominant response produces oxidative stress in the airways, and it is thought to be one of the crucial components of asthma pathogenesis. Although mitochondrion is a crucial organelle to produce endogenous reactive oxygen species, its involvement in this process remains unexplored as yet. We demonstrate in this study that OVA-induced experimental allergic asthma in BALB/c mice is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, such as reduction of cytochrome c oxidase activity in lung mitochondria, reduction in the expression of subunit III of cytochrome c oxidase in bronchial epithelium, appearance of cytochrome c in the lung cytosol, decreased lung ATP levels, reduction in the expression of 17 kDa of complex I in bronchial epithelium, and mitochondrial ultrastructural changes such as loss of cristae and swelling. However, there was no change in the expression of subunits II and III of cytochrome c oxidase. Interestingly, administration of IL-4 mAb reversed these mitochondrial dysfunction and structural changes. In contrast, IFN-gamma mAb administration neither reversed nor further deteriorated the mitochondrial dysfunction and structural changes compared with control asthmatic mice administered with isotypic control Ab, although airway hyperresponsiveness deteriorated further. These results suggest that mitochondrial structural changes and dysfunction are associated with allergic asthma. These findings may help in the development of novel drug molecules targeting mitochondria for the treatment of asthma.
GPS offset estimation and correction using satellite constellation information (2011)

This work proposes a novel method to estimate an index which summarizes the state of the satellite constellation in a Global Positioning System (GPS). Experimental results evidence that it is correlated with the localization error. An algorithm for the estimation and the correction of the GPS offset is therefore proposed. The improvement of the localization accuracy is demonstrated using an automotive, high-end GPS.
miR-15b/16-2 deletion promotes B-cell malignancies (2015)

The central role of the microRNA (miR) 15a/16-1 cluster in B-cell oncogenesis has been extensively demonstrated, with over two-thirds of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia characterized by the deletion of the miR-15a/16-1 locus at 13q14. Despite the well-established understanding of the molecular mechanisms occurring during miR-15a/16-1 dysregulation, the oncogenic role of other miR-15/16 family members, such as the miR-15b/16-2 cluster (3q25), is still far from being elucidated. Whereas miR-15a is highly similar to miR-15b, miR-16-1 is identical to miR-16-2; thus, it could be speculated that both clusters control a similar set of target genes and may have overlapping functions. However, the biological role of miR-15b/16-2 is still controversial. We generated miR-15b/16-2 knockout mice to better understand the cluster's role in vivo. These mice developed B-cell malignancy by age 15-18 mo with a penetrance of 60%. At this stage, mice showed significantly enlarged spleens with abnormal B cell-derived white pulp enlargement. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated an expanded CD19+ CD5+ population in the spleen of 40% knockout mice, a characteristic of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia-associated phenotype found in humans. Of note, miR-15b/16-2 modulates the CCND2 (Cyclin D2), CCND1 (Cyclin D1), and IGF1R (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) genes involved in proliferation and antiapoptotic pathways in mouse B cells. These results are the first, to our knowledge, to suggest an important role of miR-15b/16-2 loss in the pathogenesis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Stereospecific Total Syntheses of Proteasome Inhibitors Omuralide and Lactacystin (2011)

Omuralide, a transformation product of the microbial metabolite lactacystin, was the first molecule discovered as a specific inhibitor of the proteasome and is unique in that it specifically inhibits the proteolytic activity of the 20S subunit of the proteasome without inhibiting any other protease activities of the cell. The total syntheses of omuralide and (+)-lactacystin are reported. An important key intermediate is synthesized at an early stage, which allows analogues of these two natural products to be made readily.
Atherosclerosis: The emerging role of inflammation and the CD40–CD40 ligand system (2000)

Atherosclerosis is a principal cause of death in the Westernized world. Previously, it was thought to be a disease primarily involving lipid accumulation in the arterial walls. The inflammatory cells found at the sites of fatty streaks as well as in the more advanced lesions were not considered to be principally responsible for the disease. A different view of atherosclerosis has emerged subsequently. Current concepts of this disease include involvement of the immune system and chronic inflammation as crucial elements in the initiation of endothelial cell dysfunction, in fatty streak formation, and in development of advanced lesions and eventual vessel rupture (for a recent review, see ref. 1). Atherosclerosis can now be viewed as a problem of wound healing and of chronic inflammation. Numerous reports in the past few years have demonstrated clearly that migratory immune cells, including monocytes and T lymphocytes, are key cellular elements at all stages of atherosclerosis. Most exciting and relevant to atherosclerosis as a disease of chronic inflammation are papers by Schonbeck et al. (2) and Lutgens et al. (3) appearing in this issue of PNAS. These research groups clearly show that disruption of the CD40–CD40 ligand (L) system, a key mediator of cell communication in the immune system, prevents progression of established atherosclerotic lesions to more advanced unstable lesions. This evidence, coupled with recent studies showing that disruption of the CD40–CD40L system can retard the initiation of arterial plaque formation, provides compelling evidence for the role of chronic inflammation and elements of the immune response in atherosclerosis. Moreover, these investigations identify CD40–CD40L as key regulators of this process and recognize them as potentially important therapeutic targets.
Development of a novel multiplexed optoelectronic nose for analysis of volatile organic compounds (2017)

A novel multiplexed optoelectronic nose (opto-eN) has been developed based on an array of cross-reactive receptors and an optical detection system using surface plasmon resonance imaging. It is able to detect and analyze volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the gas phase with a good sensitivity and selectivity. Based on pattern recognition, such an opto-eN is able to discern not only VOCs of different chemical families but also among the same family. Furthermore, after optimization, the system is very stable and reusable over at least three months with a good repeatability and reproducibility. Thus, this opto-eN is very promising for further analyses of more complex VOC mixtures with great potential for a wide range of applications.
Optimization of an Impact-Based Frequency Up-Converted Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester for Wearable Devices (2023)

This work presents a novel development of the impact-based mechanism for piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters. More precisely, the effect of an impacting mass on a cantilever piezoelectric transducer is studied both in terms of the tip mass value attached to the cantilever and impact position to find an optimal condition for power extraction. At first, the study is carried out by means of parametric analyses at varying tip mass and impact position on a unimorph MEMS cantilever, and a suitable physical interpretation of the associated electromechanical response is given. The effect of multiple impacts is also considered. From the analysis, it emerges that the most effective configuration, in terms of power output, is an impact at the cantilever tip without a tip mass. By changing the value of the tip mass, a sub-optimal impact position along the beam axis can also be identified. Moreover, the effect of a tip mass is deleterious on the power performance, contrary to the well-known case of a resonant energy harvester. A mesoscale prototype with a bimorph transducer is fabricated and tested to validate the computational models. The comparison shows a good agreement between numerical models and the experiments. The proposed approach is promising in the field of consumer electronics, such as wearable devices, in which the impact-based device moves at the frequencies of human movement and is much lower than those of microsystems.
Rotational excitation in scattering of hyperthermal NO from Pt(111) (1995)

Rotational excitation of NO scattered from Pt(111) has been measured for incoming energies from 0.3 to 1.6 eV. For an initial energy of 0.3 eV a clear rotational rainbow, which we assign to O-end collisions, is visible at superspecular exit angles. This is very surprising, since NO–Pt(111) is a chemisorption system with a binding energy of 1 eV. Sharp, pronounced rainbows are visible in the range of incoming kinetic energies where the initial sticking coefficient is high. For an initial energy of 0.3 eV the initial sticking coefficient is 0.9, and at this energy the clearest rotational rainbow is observed. In contrast, at an initial energy of 1.6 eV the sticking coefficient is 0.5 and no rotational rainbow is observed. At subspecular exit angles the distributions are indistinguishable from a Boltzmann distribution at all the energies investigated, and show a clear energy dependence. Boltzmann-type distributions at high incident energy indicate a thorough redistribution of the available energy, although they cannot be explained in terms of a simple statistical model. The scattering results are interpreted as indicating a competition between direct scattering from the repulsive wall and indirect scattering via the deep potential well. Most of the direct scattering can be assigned to O-end collisions with the surface, where the binding energy is expected to be much smaller. Indirect scattering becomes more important at higher energies as more molecules are able to escape the well promptly.
Techno-economic optimum sizing of stand-alone photovoltaic/fuel cell renewable system for irrigation water pumping applications (2014)

The excess photovoltaic produced energy goes to water electrolysis system during the daylight (surplus) hours to generate hydrogen to be stored in hydrogen tank for later use. The fuel cell generates electricity using the stored hydrogen as fuel to meet the load demand when the PV produced power is insufficient. A feasibility study and techno-economic evaluation of a stand-alone Photovoltaic/Fuel cell renewable system for irrigation water pumping applications are detailed discussed in this paper. HOMER software was employed to do the simulations and perform the techno-economic evaluation. Thousands of cases have been carried out to achieve an optimal system configuration based on the lower net present cost and levelized cost of energy. In this work, a case study is done for a remote area situated at Alminia city as a representative example of a remote agricultural area in Egypt was presented here. Finally, a comparative study of photovoltaic/fuel cell system with stand-alone diesel generation system and also with grid extension were considered in this study.
Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide component galactoxylomannan induces apoptosis of human T-cells through activation of caspase-8 (2005)

The major virulence factor of Cryptococcus neoformans is its polysaccharide capsule composed of glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), galactoxylomannan (GalXM) and mannoproteins. A variety of immunomodulating activities have been described for GXM and mannoproteins but little is known about possible interactions of GalXM with the immune system. In the present article, we investigate the effect of purified soluble GalXM on human T lymphocytes. The results indicate that, GalXM (i) can affect selected immune responses; (ii) causes significant impairment of T cell proliferation and increases interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 production; and (iii) induces apoptosis of T lymphocytes through activation of caspase-8 that terminates with fragmentation of DNA. These results are the first to suggest a role for GalXM in C. neoformans virulence by demonstrating that it can target human T cells, and that it may impair the development of an effective specific T cell response.
On downlink beamforming with indefinite shaping constraints (2006)

Beamforming schemes have been proposed to exploit the spatial characteristics of multiple-input single-output (MISO) wireless radio channels. Several algorithms are available for optimal joint beamforming and power control for the downlink. Such optimal beamforming minimizes the total transmission power, while ensuring an individual target quality of service (QoS) for each user; alternatively the weakest QoS is maximized, subject to a power constraint. Herein, we consider both formulations and some of the available algorithms are generalized to enable indefinite quadratic shaping constraints on the beamformers. By imposing such additional constraints, the QoS measure can be extended to take other factors than the customary signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) into account. Alternatively, other limitations such as interference requirements or physical constraints may be handled within the optimization. We also consider a more general SINR expression than previously analyzed, which allows for more accurate modeling, e.g., of nonzero self-interference in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. Several applications for indefinite equality or inequality constraints are suggested and evaluated. For example, it is shown how such constraints may be used to ensure a minimum level of path diversity in a CDMA system. Other applications include limiting intercell interference in decentralized systems.
[Putaminal signal hypointensity on T2 weighted MR image in a patient with corticobasal degeneration]. (2000)

In the course of a 74-year-old woman with corticobasal degeneration (CBD), bilateral putaminal signal hypointensity appeared on T2 weighted MR image. This right-handed woman noticed progressive difficulty in writing and using chopsticks during two years. Neurological examination in February 1998 showed apraxia, rigidity, akinesia and myoclonus, which were more marked in the right hand side. MRI revealed atrophy of the left frontotemporal lobes. These findings were compatible to CBD. Her symptoms progressed slowly. On re-admission due to aspiration pneumonia in December 1998, she showed difficulty in swallowing and walking in addition to the signs and symptoms described above. MRI revealed bilateral putaminal signal hypointensity on T2 weighted image. In the literature, totally 9 cases in 2 reports showed similar putaminal signal hypointensity. Although this finding is unusual in CBD, advanced degenerative process in the putamen might have induced this change due possibly to the accumulation of iron secondary to the nerve cell loss.
Bone Marrow Graft-versus-Host Disease: Evaluation of Its Clinical Impact on Disrupted Hematopoiesis after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2014)

Idiopathic cytopenias are frequently observed in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We have previously reported the effect of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) on bone marrow (BM) in murine models, indicating that the osteoblast injury mediated by donor T cells was associated with bone marrow suppression and delayed immune reconstitution. In this study, we prospectively evaluated the relevance of these findings in 51 patients. Patients with chronic GVHD manifested the loss of osteoblasts, contributing to cytopenic symptoms (P = .0427 compared with patients without cytopenic symptoms). The loss of osteoblasts was significantly associated with the extensive type of chronic GVHD (P = .012), and flow cytometric analyses revealed lower numbers of CD19(+) B cells and a significantly increased CD4 to CD8 ratio (P = .0002) in these patients. Our data, for the first time to our knowledge, summarize the detailed analyses of the effect of GVHD on BM in the clinical allo-HSCT patients.
Effect of matrices on affinity purification of protein C (1992)

One of the critical problems in scale-up of affinity chromatography is the mechanical strength of the support matrix against pressure. Because the costs of both the gel matrix and the ligand for the affinity chromatography are very high, the reusability of gel matrices is directly related to the total production cost. In certain cases, where the source material is viscous (e.g., blood plasma), irreversible deformation of gel matrices can readily occur, necessitating severe constraints in the flow rate. Consequently, productivity is low.We have characterized the system parameters and investigated the performance of various matrices that are commercially available. The experimental system used for this study was the immunoaffinity purification of protein C (an anticoagulant protein) from human blood plasma. The support matrices studied were cross-linked agarose, polymethyl acrylic, cellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol polymers. The major system parameters studied were pressure tolerance, coupling efficiency, adsorption efficiency, and batch adsorption/desorption kinetics of protein C to/from the monoclonal antibody (MAb)-Matrix complex. In addition, the apparent equilibrium constant and bandwidth of the product concentration profile in the eluate were characterized by performing pulse tests.A methodology was developed for evaluating the immunoaffinity column performance for the separation of protein C. By utilizing the experimentally measured parameters, the flow rate limitation for each purification step was computed. Then, the purification performance of the matrices were evaluated in terms of productivity per unit time. Among the matrices tested, cellulose was superior in overall performance for the immunoaffinity purification of protein C using a 10 cm x 10 cm column.
Dual Fiber-Optic Fabry–Perot Interferometer Temperature Sensor with Low-Cost Light-Emitting Diode Light Source (2008)

A dual fiber-optic Fabry–Perot interferometer (FFPI) sensor system with a low-coherence communication-system light-emitting diode (LED) as a light source is investigated to detect temperature variation signals. In this system, there are two FFPIs: the sensing and reference FFPIs. When the perturbation of interest, such as that of temperature, disturbs the sensing FFPI to produce a phase shift, the light reflected from the sensor is demodulated by the reference FFPI to extract the measurand. A low-power (sub-nW) optical signal is converted into an electrical signal and processed by a designed optical receiver. This setup is availably applied in biosensors to compensate the temperature variation in a sensing environment or sense the temperature effect in a certain measurement on an interior local site.
Grain-aligned YBCO superconducting current leads for conduction-cooled applications (1993)

Grain-aligned YBCO superconductors have been developed for use in a conduction-cooled, cryogen-free superconducting magnet application. A magnetic alignment technique has been used to orient the c-axis of the YBCO grains. Current leads 0.3*1.4*6.4 cm were fabricated and thermally connected between the first and second stage of a Gifford-McMahon cryocooler. The heat conduction down the leads was determined from a load map of the cryocooler. With operating temperatures of 40 K on the first stage and 10 K on the second stage, the measured heat leak was 0.15 W/lead. The YBCO current leads were used to power a conduction-cooled Nb/sub 3/Sn magnet at 10 K to 250 A. Test results for the YBCO leads are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Clinical Measurement of Blood Flow in Hemodialysis Access Fistulae and Grafts by Ultrasound Dilution (1995)

Blood flow is a fundamental property of the hemodialysis access device. Periodic monitoring of flow could be useful for detection of impending access failure and prevention of underdialysis, but simple measurements of access flow during hemodialysis are not currently available. Flow in peripheral arteriovenous fistulas and grafts was examined using an indicator dilution technique while the patient's blood lines were reversed. The indicator was a bolus of normal saline detected by an ultrasound flow sensor clamped onto the patient's blood line. The ultrasound sensor measured blood flow in the tubing using an established transit-time method and simultaneously detected saline dilution of the blood from changes in the average cross sectional velocity of an ultrasound beam that illuminated the blood flowing through the tubing. Access flow was measured 110 times in 25 patients, 16 with loop grafts and 9 with native fistulas. Measured access flow ranged from 125 to 2860 ml/min. The mean error of duplicate measurements within patients was 5.0 +/- 3.8%. To assess the adequacy of saline mixing with the blood, access flow was measured at three dialyzer blood flow rates. In paired studies, no significant difference was observed in access flow measured at two lower dialyzer blood flow rates when compared to flow measured at 350 ml/min. A comparison with access flow measured by a duplex color Doppler technique in seven patients gave a mean error of 9.2 +/- 7.2% in paired studies. These data show that blood flow in peripheral arteriovenous grafts and fistulas can be measured accurately during hemodialysis using ultrasound velocity dilution.
Sulpiride adjunction to clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients: a preliminary case series study (1997)

Six chronic neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenic patients, partial responders to clozapine, were co-administered 600 mg/day of sulpiride (a selective D(2) dopaminergic antagonist) as an augmentation to clozapine (a relatively weak D(2) blocker), for 10 weeks, open-labeled. A remarkable reduction in positive and negative symptoms was observed in four of the six patients.
Unsupervised Construction of Human Body Models Using Principles of Organic Computing (2017)

Unsupervised learning of a generalizable model of the visual appearance of humans from video data is of major importance for computing systems interacting naturally with their users and others. We propose a step towards automatic behavior understanding by integrating principles of Organic Computing into the posture estimation cycle, thereby relegating the need for human intervention while simultaneously raising the level of system autonomy. The system extracts coherent motion from moving upper bodies and autonomously decides about limbs and their possible spatial relationships. The models from many videos are integrated into meta-models, which show good generalization to different individuals, backgrounds, and attire. These models allow robust interpretation of single video frames without temporal continuity and posture mimicking by an android robot.