gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Les cellules natural killer : tuer ou ne pas tuer ? (2001)

Les cellules NK (natural killer) sont des lymphocytes dont les fonctions effectrices reposent a la fois sur des proprietes de cytotoxicite et sur la production de cytokines et de chimiokines. Apres l'engagement de recepteurs appeles NKR (natural killer receptors) et NCR (natural cytotoxicity receptors), des signaux d'activation et/ou d'inhibition controlent l'etal d'activation des cellules NK. Bien que ces cellules soient impliquees in vitro dans l'elimination de cellules infectees par des virus ou de cellules tumorales, leur role in vivo n'est pas clairement defini. Des etudes recentes chez la souris suggerent l'implication des cellules NK dans l'elimination de pathogenes intracellulaires et dans le controle de processus auto-immuns.
Classification aided domain reduction for high dimensional optimization (2014)

Engineering design optimization often involves computationally expensive time consuming simulations. Although surrogate-based optimization has been used to alleviate the problem to some extent, surrogate models (like Kriging) struggle as the dimensionality of the problem increases to medium-scale. The enormity of the design space in higher dimensions (above ten) makes the search for optima challenging and time consuming. This paper proposes the use of probabilistic support vector machine classifiers to reduce the search space for optimization. The proposed technique transforms the optimization problem into a binary classification problem to differentiate between feasible (likely containing the optima) and infeasible (not likely containing the optima) regions. A model-driven sampling scheme selects batches of probably-feasible samples while reducing the search space. The result is a reduced subspace within which existing optimization algorithms can be used to find the optima. The technique is validated on analytical benchmark problems.
Some new approaches to partial inlining (2012)

This paper proposes two novel techniques for partial inlining. Context-driven partial inlining uses information available to the compiler at a call site to prune the callee prior to assessing whether the (pruned) body of the callee should be inlined. Guarded partial inlining seeks to inline the frequently taken fast path through the callee along with a test and a call to the original method to handle those instances where the fast path is not taken.
Insulin and its receptor: lessons learned from the disruption of their gene in mice (1999)

International audience
Electrochemical and biosensing properties of an FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase from Trichoderma virens (2023)

We investigated the bioelectrochemical properties of an FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase from Trichoderma virens (TvGDH) and its electrochemical behaviour when immobilized on a graphite electrode. TvGDH was recently shown to have an unusual substrate spectrum and to prefer maltose over glucose as substrate, and hence could be of interest as recognition element in a maltose sensor. In this study, we determined the redox potential of TvGDH, which is -0.268 ± 0.007 V vs. SHE, and advantageously low to be used with many redox mediators or redox polymers. The enzyme was entrapped in, and wired by an osmium redox polymer (poly(1-vinylimidazole-co-allylamine)-{[Os(2,2'-bipyridine)<sub>2</sub>Cl]Cl}) with formal redox potential of +0.275 V vs. Ag|AgCl via poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether crosslinking onto a graphite electrode. When the TvGDH-based biosensor was tested with maltose it showed a sensitivity of 1.7 μA mM<sup>-1</sup>cm<sup>-2</sup>, a linear range of 0.5-15 mM, and a detection limit of 0.45 mM. Furthermore, it gave the lowest apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K<sub>M app</sub>) of 19.2 ± 1.5 mM towards maltose when compared to other sugars. The biosensor is also able to detect other saccharides including glucose, maltotriose and galactose, these however also interfere with maltose sensing.
Molecular Structure–Catalytic Activity Relationship in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of (Macro)lactones (2016)

A kinetic analysis on the aluminum salen-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of (macro)lactones is presented, which focuses on how chain transfer agents and the steric hindrance at the α-methylene groups of both the growing chain and the (macro)lactones affect the polymerization rate. It is shown that for branched macrolactones the choice of initiator does not only influence the initiation rate but surprisingly also the apparent rate of polymerization. The increased polymerization rate, when an unbranched initiator was used, was ascribed to transesterification reactions taking place at the polymer chain end, which effectively results in an unprecedented chain growth at the other end of the polymer chain compared to normal ROP. Furthermore, application of a kinetic model including initiation, propagation, and transesterification led to the ability to accurately quantify the effect of steric hindrance for various alkoxide initiators by determining individual rate constants for initiation. It appeared that secondary alcohols not only have a lower reactivity but also are less likely to be bonded to the metal center than primary alcohols when an excess of the two types of alcohols (i.e., chain transfer agents) is used. For the strained seven-membered lactone it was shown that branching mainly has a retarding effect when present at the metal-bonded alkoxide and not on the monomer, which was ascribed to the cisoid conformation of the ester group of the monomer. On the other hand, the transoid conformation of the ester group in macrolactones resulted in a similar decrease in reactivity for branching on the metal-bonded alkoxide and the monomer. Next to this, it was shown that an excess of alcohol chain transfer agent had a retarding effect on the reaction, which was ascribed to coordination of the alcohol to the metal center.
CONCERNING THE ORIGIN OF CHARGE AT THE POLYSTYRENE PARTICLE/WATER INTERFACE (1981)

ABSTRACT The electrophoretic mobility behavior of well-characterized polystyrene latex particles, carrying one type of surface functional endgroups, has been studied as a function of pH. At low pH, the interaction of protons with the functional endgroups increased in the order: Hydroxyl > carboxyl > sulfate; at high pH the order of interaction was reversed; and at intermediate pH no interactions were observed. The particles of the polystyrene latexes in their different forms at the intermediate pH range, dispersed in deionized water, all exhibited the same mobility irrespective of the functional endgroup. The origin of charge in these systems is explained as being the result of either the preferential adsorption of hydroxyl ions or an electron - injection mechanism due to the overlap of local intrinsic molecular - ion states in polystyrene and water. At low concentrations of functional endgroups, the surface properties of the polystyrene latexes are largely dependent upon the hydrophobic nature of the surface.
Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Imaging-Based Diagnosis of COVID-19 (2020)

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) began infecting humans in late 2019 and then turned into pandemic in the successive months spreading all over the world. At the beginning of July 2020, the global number of confirmed cases reported by the World Health Organization is above 10 million, with more than half million deaths and a rate of new cases of almost 150 000 per day.
A comparison of Cr/SiO2 and Cr/AlPO4 polymerization catalysts. 2. Chain transfer (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA comparison of Cr/SiO2 and Cr/AlPO4 polymerization catalysts. 2. Chain transferM. P. McDaniel and M. M. JohnsonCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 4, 773–778Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00170a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (762 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Riemannian Potato: an automatic and adaptive artifact detection method for online experiments using Riemannian geometry (2013)

International audience
Deployment of prospective ADC correction of gradient nonlinearity bias in myelofibrosis clinical trial (2023)

Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) metric is evaluated as a potential alternative to biopsy for disease grading and therapy response assessment in bone marrow of myelofibrosis (MF) patients. Spatially dependent bias in diffusion weighting due to systematic gradient nonlinearity (GNL) results in false heterogeneity of ADC maps over the imaged bone space. Here we illustrate deployment of prospective GNL bias correction based on technology developed in an academic industrial partnership to reduce technical variability of ADC in a MF clinical imaging trial.
Validität der Spiral-Computertomographie bei der Darstellung aortokoronarer Bypass-Gefäße (1994)

Spiral computer tomography (Sp-CT) was performed on 25 patients with 81 aorto-coronary bypasses, with persistent symptoms, following selective coronary angiography. The purpose was to determine to what extent Sp-CT is able to demonstrate patency or occlusion of individual bypasses. From the raw data, transverse sections and standardised 3D reconstructions were obtained. Statistical evaluation showed a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 100% with regard to patency. Sp-CT provides optimal contrast and complete demonstration of the bypass without movement artifacts from respiration. 3D reconstructions aid in the evaluation of complex anatomical situations but occasionally lead to incorrect diagnosis of stenoses or occlusions. Compared with other non-invasive procedures (conventional CT and NMR) Sp-CT has proved significantly better for the evaluation of bypass occlusions. Sp-CT cannot completely replace angiography but in some cases may be an acceptable alternative.
From Daikon to Agitator: Lessons and Challenges in Building a Commercial Tool For Developer Testing DRAFT: Do Not Distribute (2006)

Developer testing, also known as unit testing, is of one of the most eective strategies for improving the quality of software, reducing its cost, and accelerating its development. Despite its widely recognized benefits, developer testing is still only practiced by a minority of developers. We believe that the slow adoption of developer testing is primarily due to the lack of adequate and eective tools to automate the more tedious and time-consuming aspects of this practice. Motivated by the need for a developer testing solution, and helped and inspired by the wealth of academic research in software test automation, we set out to create a developer testing tool based on a technique we call software agitation. Software agitation combines the results of many years of research in test data generation with more recent research in the area of dynamic invariant detection. We implemented software agitation in a commercial developer testing tool called Agitator. This paper gives a high-level overview of software agitation and its implementation in Agitator, but focuses primarily on the lessons we learned, and the challenges that we had to face, in leveraging and applying the results of academic research to the implementation of a commercial product. The paper concludes with several recommendations for future research directions.
Time-division multiplexing for testing SoCs with DVS and multiple voltage islands (2012)

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) has been widely adopted in multicore SoCs for reducing dynamic power consumption. Despite its benefits, the use of DVS increases test time because high product quality can only be ensured by testing every core at multiple supported voltage settings; hence the repetitive application of the same or different tests at multiple voltage settings becomes necessary. In addition, testing at lower supply voltage settings increases considerably the length of each test because lower scan frequencies must be used for shifting test data using scan chains. Standard scheduling techniques fail to reduce the test time for DVS-based SoCs since they do not model testing at multiple voltage settings. In addition, they do not consider the practical aspects of tester overhead and the dependencies between core voltage settings due to the use of voltage islands. To alleviate the detrimental impact of DVS on test application time, we propose a time-division multiplexing (TDM) method and an integer linear programming-based test scheduling technique, which exploit high automatic test equipment (ATE) frequencies even when low shift frequencies must be used at low voltage settings. Experimental results on two industrial SoCs highlight the effectiveness of TDM and the associated scheduling method.
Structural integration and cardiovascular effects following transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) into the brainstem of rats (2010)

Our evidence indicates that brainstem endothelium is a viable target for controlling arterial pressure. Thus, we have used EPCs to target the brainstem microvasculature in vivo and assessed any effect on cardiovascular function. Bone marrow mononuclear cells from male Wistar rats were expanded for 7–15 days in conditions appropriate for the endothelial lineage. EPCs were characterized by immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, and using the Matrigel assay for network formation. Fluorescently tagged EPCs were injected intraparenchymally into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), a region regulating arterial pressure, of male Wistar rats. Experiments were terminated 16 days post‐injection. EPCs remained at the site of injection until animals were sacrificed. During this time, EPCs migrated away from the injection site becoming closely associated with the vasculature. Peak measurements occurred between 10 to 15 days post injection and included a reduction in: systolic pressure (SP)(−7±0.5 mmHg), low frequency spectra of SP (−19%±1.0‐ indicating reduced sympathetic vasomotor tone) and heart rate (−18±4.3 beats/min). Cardiac baroreflex sensitivity increased (22%±0.8). In conclusion, EPCs remain viable for at least 16 days when transplanted into the NTS in vivo, integrate into the vascular wall and alter cardiovascular autonomic function in normotensive rats. MRC &amp; Pfizer funded research.
HICO-Based NIR–Red Models for Estimating Chlorophyll- $a$ Concentration in Productive Coastal Waters (2014)

We present here results that demonstrate the potential of near-infrared (NIR)-red models to estimate chlorophyll- a (chl- a) concentration in coastal waters using data from the spaceborne Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO). Since the recent demise of the MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), the use of sensors such as HICO has become critical for coastal ocean color research. Algorithms based on two- and three-band NIR-red models, which were previously used very successfully with MERIS data, were applied to HICO images. The two- and three-band NIR-red algorithms yielded accurate estimates of chl- a concentration, with mean absolute errors that were only 10.92% and 9.58%, respectively, of the total range of chl- a concentrations measured over a period of several months in 2012 and 2013 on the Taganrog Bay in Russia. Given the uncertainties in the radiometric calibration of HICO, the results illustrate the robustness of the NIR-red algorithms and validate the radiometric, spectral, and atmospheric corrections applied to HICO data as they relate to estimating chl- a concentration in productive coastal waters. Inherent limitations due to the characteristics of the sensor and its orbit prohibit HICO from providing anywhere near the level of frequent global coverage as provided by standard multispectral ocean color sensors. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate the utility of HICO as a tool for determining water quality in select coastal areas and the cross-sensor applicability of NIR-red models and provide an indication of what could be achieved with future spaceborne hyperspectral sensors in estimating coastal water quality.
Estimating natural illumination from a single outdoor image (2009)

Given a single outdoor image, we present a method for estimating the likely illumination conditions of the scene. In particular, we compute the probability distribution over the sun position and visibility. The method relies on a combination of weak cues that can be extracted from different portions of the image: the sky, the vertical surfaces, and the ground. While no single cue can reliably estimate illumination by itself, each one can reinforce the others to yield a more robust estimate. This is combined with a data-driven prior computed over a dataset of 6 million Internet photos. We present quantitative results on a webcam dataset with annotated sun positions, as well as qualitative results on consumer-grade photographs downloaded from Internet. Based on the estimated illumination, we show how to realistically insert synthetic 3-D objects into the scene.
Serum FAM19A5 in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: Can it be a new biomarker representing clinical status? (2019)

Serum FAM19A5 was higher in patients with NMOSD-AQP4 and correlated with clinical characteristics. Thus, serum FAM19A5 may be a novel clinical biomarker for NMOSD-AQP4.
Increased Levels of Interleukin-1 Are Detected in Nasal Secretions of Volunteers during Experimental Rhinovirus Colds (1994)

The potential involvement of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the pathogenesis of experimental rhinovirus colds was examined. Nasal lavages were recovered before and for 5 days after rhinovirus infection from 44 subjects, 22 of whom were randomized to receive prophylaxis with glucocorticoids, while the rest received placebo. Immunoreactive IL-1 beta was significantly increased in subjects who were infected and symptomatic compared with noninfected volunteers or subjects who were infected but asymptomatic. Concentrations of immunoreactive IL-1 beta correlated with levels of kinins and albumin in lavage fluids. Studies of IL-1 bioactivity established that most activity in lavages from infected subjects was IL-1 beta. Glucocorticoid prophylaxis did not inhibit IL-1 production, nor did it significantly affect the symptomatic response to infection or, in a subset of patients, neutrophil infiltration. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that IL-1 could contribute to the pathogenesis of rhinovirus infections.
Autoimmunity to glutamic acid decarboxylase in patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) (2000)

Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) occur frequently in patients with APECED, although clinical insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is seen only in a subgroup of the patients. We studied the cellular immunity to GAD, antibodies to GAD and their association with the HLA DQB1 risk alleles for IDDM in patients with APECED. Proliferation responses to GAD were enhanced in the patients with APECED when compared with the control subjects (P = 0.004), but autoimmunity to GAD was not associated with IDDM in APECED. The levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreted by GAD-stimulated T cells were higher in the patients than in control subjects (P = 0. 001). A negative correlation (r = - 0.436, P = 0.03) existed between the antibody levels and the stimulation indices (SIs) to GAD. In 14 non-diabetic patients no difference in insulin secretion was observed in intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) between the patients with and without T cell reactivity to GAD. We conclude that cellular immunity to GAD detected as T cell proliferation response to GAD or IFN-gamma secretion by GAD-stimulated T cells was frequent in patients with APECED (69%) and was not restricted to the patients with clinically detectable beta-cell damage.
A COMPARISON OF KINEMATICS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES OF TWO ROWING ERGOMETERS (2006)

Rowing injuries have been attributed to poor technique, suggesting a need to understand the mechanics of rowing and the influence on technique of different training regimes and ergometers. The aims of this study were to investigate the repeatability of the kinematics of the lumbopelvic region during rowing and to compare these kinematics between rowing on two different ergometers. An electromagnetic motion measuring device in conjunction with a load cell was used to determine the ergometer rowing kinematics of 12 rowers. Subjects were tested on three occasions at two different stroke rates, with an interval of one week between testing. Two datasets were obtained for the Concept II, to establish the repeatability of the kinematics, and one for the WaterRower. Bland and Altman's mean difference technique was used to test for consistency of technique, and the difference between ergometers was assessed using Students' paired T-tests. The kinematic measures of the lumbo pelvic region during rowing demonstrated high repeatability. The two ergometers showed a similarity in force profiles but some significant differences in rowing kinematics. There was greater rotation of the thigh segment in the sagittal plane throughout the stroke on the WaterRower (p &lt; 0.01). There were also trends indicating that rotation of the pelvis in the sagittal plane was different between the two ergometers, for example on the Concept the mean angle of the pelvis at the catch was 5.4° and on the WaterRower it was 2.4° (p &lt; 0.05). Measurement of lumbopelvic kinematics during rowing on a Concept II ergometer is repeatable. However, rowing kinematics varies between ergometers. Because a full analysis comparing rowing kinematics on water with rowing ergometers has not been made in this study, no conclusions regarding which ergometer simulates rowing on water can be made. The implications of the effect of these differences in technique requires further investigation