gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hollow cylinder ZnO/SnO2 nanostructures synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and their gas-sensing performance (2014)

Hierarchical and hollow cylinder comb-like nanostructures with ZnO backbones and SnO2 branches were successfully prepared by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis process. The observation of field scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that a high density of SnO2 nanowires grew epitaxially on as-synthesized ZnO nanorod arrays. The diameter and length of the SnO2 nanowires were about 50 nm and 300 nm. The morphologies of ZnO/SnO2 hierarchical nanostructures could be tailored by changing the growth time of SnO2 nanowires. A possible formation process and growth mechanism are proposed from the viewpoint of inside-out Ostwald ripening. In addition, gas sensors based on the hierarchical ZnO/SnO2 nanostructures were fabricated and exhibited good response to ethanol. At an ethanol concentration of 100 ppm, the response was about 11 and the response time was about 1 s at the operating temperature of 275 °C.
Human-robot team navigation in visually complex environments (2009)

Current fully autonomous robots are unable to navigate effectively in visually complex environments due to limitations in sensing and cognition. Full teleoperation using current interfaces is difficult and the operator often makes navigation mistakes due to lack of operating environment information and a limited field of view. We present a novel method for combining the sensing and cognition of a robot with that of a human. Our collaborative approach is different from most in that we address bi-directional considerations. It provides the human a mechanism to supplement the robot's capabilities in a new and unique way and provides novel forms of feedback from the robot to enhance the human's understanding of the current state of the system and its intentions.
Quantitative Modeling of Si / SiO2 Interface Fixed Charge: II . Physical Modeling (1987)

The fixed‐oxide charge density at the interface has been studied as a function of process variables. The process parameters used were temperature, time, ambient, and oxidation cycle. To explain the experimental data, it is postulated that oxide charges are located at specific interface sites, perhaps, the kinks and steps thought to be associated with the oxidation process. It is also postulated that silicon interstitials generated at the interface recombine with kinks and steps via a monatomic surface regrowth process. Using these concepts, the process dependence of oxide charges is modeled quantitatively in oxidizing and nonoxidizing ambients. The model, which is physically based, can be used to predict in the temperature range of 700°–1100°C, and in the oxidant partial‐pressure range of 0–100% in Ar. This model is consistent with other interface‐related processes, such as oxidation‐induced stacking faults and oxidation‐enhanced diffusion, which depend upon interface‐generated silicon interstitials and the recombination of silicon interstitials at the interface.
Association Between Administration of IL-6 Antagonists and Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 (2021)

PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42021230155.
Analysis of Postoperative Thoracolumbar Spine Infections in a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Using the Centers for Disease Control Surgical Site Infection Criteria (2016)

Our findings indicate that thoracolumbar SSI occurs at the higher end of the range cited in the literature (2-13%), which is largely based on retrospective data not subjected to the inclusivity of SSI as defined by the CDC. The three most common organisms in our analysis (S. aureus, P. acnes, E. coli) are consistent with previous reports. Staphylococcus aureus continues to be the most common causative organism and continued vigilance and searching for preventive measures need to be a high priority. This study provides Level I evidence.
Mineral phase analysis of deep‐sea hydrothermal particulates by a Raman spectroscopy expert algorithm: Toward autonomous in situ experimentation and exploration (2009)

This paper demonstrates that a Raman spectroscopy, point‐counting technique can be used for phase analysis of minerals commonly found in deep‐sea hydrothermal plumes, even for minerals with similar chemical compositions. It also presents our robust autonomous identification algorithm and spectral database, both of which were developed specifically for deep‐sea hydrothermal studies. The Raman spectroscopy expert algorithm was developed and tested against multicomponent mixtures of minerals relevant to the deep‐sea hydrothermal environment. It is intended for autonomous classification where many spectra must be examined with little or no human involvement to increase analytic precision, accuracy, and data volume or to enable in situ measurements and experimentation.
Supplementary Table 3 from Global Evaluation of Eph Receptors and Ephrins in Lung Adenocarcinomas Identifies EphA4 as an Inhibitor of Cell Migration and Invasion (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 87K, Multicovariate analysis showing the association between EphA4 gene expression and overall survival in an independent cohort of patients resected for a lung adenocarcinoma.&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract 1320: Effects of selective androgen-receptor and estrogen-receptor modulators on telomerase activity in melanoma and prostate cancer cells. (2013)

Abstract Male hormones and the androgen receptor (AR) are well-known key targets for prostate cancer therapy. The potential cause of a gender-based disparity in melanoma has been suspected for many years. A recent analysis suggests that female patients have a 30% survival advantage in cutaneous melanoma. Telomerase has been shown to add protective telomere repeats to chromosome endings and cause cancer cells to become immortal. We have recently discovered that the AR is expressed in melanoma cell lines. In current report, we tested the telomerase activity in lysates of both melanoma and prostate cancer cell lines. Telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) was carried out to test the activity of telomerase in melanoma A375, androgen-sensitive prostatic cancer LNCap and androgen-insensitive prostatic cancer PC-3 cell lines under treatments of steroid hormones, SARM and SERM compounds. The effects of sex hormones, selective androgen-receptor modulators (SARMs), and estrogen-receptor modulators (SERMs) on telomerase activity in both melanoma and prostate cells were investigated. Citation Format: Yan Lu, Ramesh Narayanan, Jin Wang, Wei Li, Murali Yepuru, Lingling Liu, Vivian S. Loveless, Duane D. Miller. Effects of selective androgen-receptor and estrogen-receptor modulators on telomerase activity in melanoma and prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1320. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1320
Luke Robinson, M.P. (1915)

Journal Article Luke Robinson, M.P. Get access Luke N. Robinson Luke N. Robinson 1The Small House, Sunbury-on-Thames Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s11-XI, Issue 262, 2 January 1915, Page 9, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s11-XI.262.9f Published: 02 January 1915
Photo-Carrier Multi-Dynamical Imaging at the Nanometer Scale in Organic and Inorganic Solar Cells (2016)

Investigating the photocarrier dynamics in nanostructured and heterogeneous energy materials is of crucial importance from both fundamental and technological points of view. Here, we demonstrate how noncontact atomic force microscopy combined with Kelvin probe force microscopy under frequency-modulated illumination can be used to simultaneously image the surface photopotential dynamics at different time scales with a sub-10 nm lateral resolution. The basic principle of the method consists in the acquisition of spectroscopic curves of the surface potential as a function of the illumination frequency modulation on a two-dimensional grid. We show how this frequency-spectroscopy can be used to probe simultaneously the charging rate and several decay processes involving short-lived and long-lived carriers. With this approach, dynamical images of the trap-filling, trap-delayed recombination and nongeminate recombination processes have been acquired in nanophase segregated organic donor-acceptor bulk heterojunction thin films. Furthermore, the spatial variation of the minority carrier lifetime has been imaged in polycrystalline silicon thin films. These results establish two-dimensional multidynamical photovoltage imaging as a universal tool for local investigations of the photocarrier dynamics in photoactive materials and devices.
Cathodoluminescence scanning electron microscopy observations of (SrBaCa)TiO3 ceramic varistors (1998)

(Sr0.35Ba0.35Ca0.30)1.026TiO3 ceramic varistors were produced with and without an additional reducing heat-treatment (Po2 = 10−12 Pa, 1100°C, 2 h) in the sintering process (Po2 = 10−8 Pa, 1400°C, 2 h) followed by reoxidizirig process (900°C, 4 h) in air. The CL spectra of the varistors exhibit a broad luminescence, having a maximum at 465 nm, which correlates to the transition between single oxygen vacancy level and valence band. CL images reveal that the grain, particularly near the varistor surface, has a high-conductive grain zone rich in oxygen vacancies and a less-conductive grain boundary zone poor in them. The boundary zones may work as the double Shottky barriers in the varistor. The additional heat-treatment produces thick boundary zones and consequently gives rise to high varistor coefficient (>4), favourable for practical use. It has also been found that a glassy phase (SiO2-BaO-MgO) is segregated at boundary enclosed by three grains.
Pseudopolyelectrolyte polyamino acids (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPseudopolyelectrolyte polyamino acidsNoah LotanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1973, 77, 2, 242–243Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100621a021https://doi.org/10.1021/j100621a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A New Tool in the Battle Against Alzheimer's Disease and Aging: Ex Vivo Gene Therapy (2005)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of severe dementia in the aging population and is caused by a loss of many different neural systems throughout the brain associated with memory. Amongst the many neural systems affected, large cholinergic projection neurons that innervate large regions of cortex are particularly vulnerable. Thus, boosting cholinergic neuronal function and survival has been a focus of the few drugs currently available for this disorder. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the archetypical protein discovered in the 1960s that is able to both increase survival and functioning of cholinergic neurons. However, the blood-brain barrier does not allow penetration of this protein into the brain. A phase 1 clinical trial recently published in the journal Nature Medicine utilized a unique ex vivo gene therapy approach to deliver NGF directly to the basal forebrain of AD patients. Despite the need for further testing, their report illustrated a mild but significant therapeutic benefit of NGF for the treatment of AD and provided important data concerning the safety and efficacy of ex vivo gene therapy in humans.
A Challenge for the Seed Mixture Refuge Strategy in Bt Maize: Impact of Cross-Pollination on an Ear-Feeding Pest, Corn Earworm (2014)

To counter the threat of insect resistance, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize growers in the U.S. are required to plant structured non-Bt maize refuges. Concerns with refuge compliance led to the introduction of seed mixtures, also called RIB (refuge-in-the-bag), as an alternative approach for implementing refuge for Bt maize products in the U.S. Maize Belt. A major concern in RIB is cross-pollination of maize hybrids that can cause Bt proteins to be present in refuge maize kernels and negatively affect refuge insects. Here we show that a mixed planting of 5% nonBt and 95% Bt maize containing the SmartStax traits expressing Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2 and Cry1F did not provide an effective refuge for an important above-ground ear-feeding pest, the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Cross-pollination in RIB caused a majority (>90%) of refuge kernels to express ≥ one Bt protein. The contamination of Bt proteins in the refuge ears reduced neonate-to-adult survivorship of H. zea to only 4.6%, a reduction of 88.1% relative to larvae feeding on ears of pure non-Bt maize plantings. In addition, the limited survivors on refuge ears had lower pupal mass and took longer to develop to adults.
Adaptive data parallelism for internet clients on heterogeneous platforms (2012)

Today's Internet is long past static web pages filled with HTML-formatted text sprinkled with an occasional image or animation. We have entered an era of Rich Internet Applications executed locally on Internet clients such as web browsers: games, physics engines, image rendering, photo editing, etc. Yet today's languages used to program Internet clients have limited ability to tap to the computational capabilities of the underlying, often heterogeneous, platforms. In this paper we present how a Domain Specific Language(DSL) can be integrated into ActionScript, one of the most popular scripting languages used to program Internet clients and a close cousin of JavaScript. We demonstrate how our DSL, called ASDP (ActionScript Data Parallel), can be used to enable data parallelism for existing sequential programs. We also present a prototype of a system where data parallel workloads can be executed on either CPU or a GPU, with the runtime system transparently selecting the best processing unit, depending on the type of workload as well as the architecture and current load of the execution platform. We evaluate performance of our system on a variety of benchmarks, representing different types of workloads: physics, image processing, scientific computing and cryptography.
Liver-specific 3D sectioning molds for correlating in vivo CT and MRI with tumor histopathology in woodchucks (Marmota monax) (2020)

Use of specimen-specific 3D molds for en bloc liver dissection provided strong spatial overlap and feature correspondence between in vivo image slices and histopathology sections.
The Multiconstituent Cardiovascular Pill (MCCP): Challenges and Promises of Population Based Prophylactic Drug Therapy for Heart Attack Prevention and Eradication (2010)

Risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) are highly coprevalent but have been poorly identified and treated. The Screening for Heart Attack Prevention and Education (SHAPE) Task Force from the Society for Heart Attack Prevention and Eradication (SHAPE) has proposed a new strategy that recommends screening for subclinical atherosclerosis and implementing aggressive treatment of “vulnerable patients”. The Task Force has also envisioned future developments that may shift mass screening strategies to mass prophylactic therapy. The “Polypill” concept, introduced by Wald and Law, suggests that a combination of statin, low-dose anti-hypertensive, aspirin and folic acid in a single pill taken prophylactically by a high risk population can cut CVD event rates by as much as 80%. In this communication, we review the challenges and promises of such a strategy. “Polypill” is but one of an almost infinite number of possible multiconstituent pills (MCCP). The MCCP concept, although attractive, lacks evidence from randomized controlled trials. The following need to be addressed: credibility of the concept, design and synthesis of such complex pills, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioequivalence, “class” vs. unique properties, interactions, clinical efficacy and safety, regulatory approval, post-marketing surveillance, prescription vs. over-the- counter use, responsibility for initiating and monitoring therapy, patient education, counterfeiting and importation, reimbursement, advertisement, patent protection, and commercial viability. If these issues are favorably addressed, MCCP is poised to dramatically alter the face of CVD prevention, particularly in developing societies. Universal adoption of highly effective, safe, and inexpensive MCCP has the potential to become a major public healthcare initiative in the movement for the worldwide eradication of heart attacks. Nonetheless, in the absence of commercial interests, realizing the promise of MCCP will demand serious attention from national public health policymakers.
Biotemplating rod-like viruses for the synthesis of copper nanorods and nanowires (2012)

Synthesis conditions described in the current work are scalable and amenable for biological templates. The synthesized structures preserve the dimensions and shape of the rod-like viruses utilized during the study. The current work opens the possibility of generating a variety of nanorods and nanowires of different lengths ranging from 300 nm to micron sizes. Such biological-based materials may find ample use in nanoelectronics, sensing, and cancer therapy.
Improving supervised classification accuracy using non-rigid multimodal image registration: detecting prostate cancer (2008)

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems for the detection of cancer in medical images require precise labeling of training data. For magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) of the prostate, training labels define the spatial extent of prostate cancer (CaP); the most common source for these labels is expert segmentations. When ancillary data such as whole mount histology (WMH) sections, which provide the gold standard for cancer ground truth, are available, the manual labeling of CaP can be improved by referencing WMH. However, manual segmentation is error prone, time consuming and not reproducible. Therefore, we present the use of multimodal image registration to automatically and accurately transcribe CaP from histology onto MRI following alignment of the two modalities, in order to improve the quality of training data and hence classifier performance. We quantitatively demonstrate the superiority of this registration-based methodology by comparing its results to the manual CaP annotation of expert radiologists. Five supervised CAD classifiers were trained using the labels for CaP extent on MRI obtained by the expert and 4 different registration techniques. Two of the registration methods were affi;ne schemes; one based on maximization of mutual information (MI) and the other method that we previously developed, Combined Feature Ensemble Mutual Information (COFEMI), which incorporates high-order statistical features for robust multimodal registration. Two non-rigid schemes were obtained by succeeding the two affine registration methods with an elastic deformation step using thin-plate splines (TPS). In the absence of definitive ground truth for CaP extent on MRI, classifier accuracy was evaluated against 7 ground truth surrogates obtained by different combinations of the expert and registration segmentations. For 26 multimodal MRI-WMH image pairs, all four registration methods produced a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve compared to that obtained from expert annotation. These results suggest that in the presence of additional multimodal image information one can obtain more accurate object annotations than achievable via expert delineation despite vast differences between modalities that hinder image registration.
Decentralized prioritized planning in large multirobot teams (2010)

In this paper, we address the problem of distributed path planning for large teams of hundreds of robots in constrained environments. We introduce two distributed prioritized planning algorithms: an efficient, complete method which is shown to converge to the centralized prioritized planner solution, and a sparse method in which robots discover collisions probabilistically. Planning is divided into a number of iterations, during which every robot simultaneously and independently computes a planning solution based on other robots' path information from the previous iteration. Paths are exchanged in ways that exploit the cooperative nature of the team and a statistical phenomenon known as the “birthday paradox”. Performance is measured in simulated 2D environments with teams of up to 240 robots. We find that in moderately constrained environments, these methods generate solutions of similar quality to a centralized prioritized planner, but display interesting communication and planning time characteristics.
Activation of Melanin Synthesis in Alternaria infectoria by Antifungal Drugs (2015)

The importance of Alternaria species fungi to human health ranges from their role as etiological agents of serious infections with poor prognoses in immunosuppressed individuals to their association with respiratory allergic diseases. The present work focuses on Alternaria infectoria, which was used as a model organism of the genus, and was designed to unravel melanin production in response to antifungals. After we characterized the pigment produced by A. infectoria, we studied the dynamics of 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin production during growth, the degree of melanization in response to antifungals, and how melanization affected susceptibility to several classes of therapeutic drugs. We demonstrate that A. infectoria increased melanin deposition in cell walls in response to nikkomycin Z, caspofungin, and itraconazole but not in response to fluconazole or amphotericin B. These results indicate that A. infectoria activates DHN-melanin synthesis in response to certain antifungal drugs, possibly as a protective mechanism against these drugs. Inhibition of DHN-melanin synthesis by pyroquilon resulted in a lower minimum effective concentration (MEC) of caspofungin and enhanced morphological changes (increased hyphal balloon size), characterized by thinner and less organized A. infectoria cell walls. In summary, A. infectoria synthesizes melanin in response to certain antifungal drugs, and its susceptibility is influenced by melanization, suggesting the therapeutic potential of drug combinations that affect melanin synthesis.