gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hidden Beauty: Exploring the Aesthetics of Medical Science (2013)

This collaborative project by a scientist and artist from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine asks the reader to consider the aesthetics of human disease, a dynamically powerful force of nature that acts without regard to race, religion, or culture. Here more than sixty medical science professionals present visually stunning patterns of different diseases affecting various areas of the human anatomy. Captured with a variety of imaging technology ranging from spectral karyotyping to scanning electron microscopy, we see beauty in the delicate lacework of fungal hyphae invading a blood vessel, the structure of the normal cerebellum, and the desperate drive of metastasizing cancer cells. However, appreciation of the imagery produced by disease, which smacks of modern art, is bittersweet; we simultaneously experience the beauty of the natural world and the pain of those living with these disease processes. Ultimately, this series of images will leave the viewer with an understanding and appreciation of visual beauty inherent within the field of modern medical science.
Independent replication and initial fine mapping of 3p21–24 in Asperger syndrome (2006)

This study further validates 3q21-24 as a candidate region for Asperger syndrome.
A Prospective Comparison of Radical Retropubic and Robot-Assisted Prostatectomy: Experience in One Institution (2004)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Abstracts: Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy1 Nov 2004A Prospective Comparison of Radical Retropubic and Robot-Assisted Prostatectomy: Experience in One Institution Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)60978-0AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "A Prospective Comparison of Radical Retropubic and Robot-Assisted Prostatectomy: Experience in One Institution." The Journal of Urology, 172(5), pp. 2106–2107 © 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 172Issue 5November 2004Page: 2106-2107 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
SemanticOn: Specifying Content-Based Semantic Conditions for Web Automation Programs (2022)

Data scientists, researchers, and clerks often create web automation programs to perform repetitive yet essential tasks, such as data scraping and data entry. However, existing web automation systems lack mechanisms for defining conditional behaviors where the system can intelligently filter candidate content based on semantic filters (e.g., extract texts based on key ideas or images based on entity relationships). We introduce SemanticOn, a system that enables users to specify, refine, and incorporate visual and textual semantic conditions in web automation programs via two methods: natural language description via prompts or information highlighting. Users can coordinate with SemanticOn to refine the conditions as the program continuously executes or reclaim manual control to repair errors. In a user study, participants completed a series of conditional web automation tasks. They reported that SemanticOn helped them effectively express and refine their semantic intent by utilizing visual and textual conditions.
Pinacol homocoupling of (S)-2-[N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino] aldehydes by [V2Cl3(THF)6]2[Zn2Cl6]. Synthesis of C2-symmetric (1S,2R,3R,4S)-1,4-diamino 2,3-diols (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPinacol homocoupling of (S)-2-[N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino] aldehydes by [V2Cl3(THF)6]2[Zn2Cl6]. Synthesis of C2-symmetric (1S,2R,3R,4S)-1,4-diamino 2,3-diolsAndrei W. Konradi and Steven F. PedersenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1, 28–32Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00027a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00027a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views340Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Influence of Polymers on the Supersaturation Potential of Poor and Good Glass Formers (2018)

The increasing number of poorly water-soluble drug candidates in pharmaceutical development is a major challenge. Enabling techniques such as amorphization of the crystalline drug can result in supersaturation with respect to the thermodynamically most stable form of the drug, thereby possibly increasing its bioavailability after oral administration. The ease with which such crystalline drugs can be amorphized is known as their glass forming ability (GFA) and is commonly described by the critical cooling rate. In this study, the supersaturation potential, i.e., the maximum apparent degree of supersaturation, of poor and good glass formers is investigated in the absence or presence of either hypromellose acetate succinate L-grade (HPMCAS-L) or vinylpyrrolidine-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVPVA64) in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF). The GFA of cinnarizine, itraconazole, ketoconazole, naproxen, phenytoin, and probenecid was determined by melt quenching the crystalline drugs to determine their respective critical cooling rate. The inherent supersaturation potential of the drugs in FaSSIF was determined by a solvent shift method where the respective drugs were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and then added to FaSSIF. This study showed that the poor glass formers naproxen, phenytoin, and probenecid could not supersaturate on their own, however for some drug:polymer combinations of naproxen and phenytoin, supersaturation of the drug was enabled by the polymer. In contrast, all of the good glass formers-cinnarizine, itraconazole, and ketoconazole-could supersaturate on their own. Furthermore, the maximum achievable concentration of the good glass formers was unaffected by the presence of a polymer.
Growth Hormone (GH)-induced Dimerization Inhibits Phorbol Ester-stimulated GH Receptor Proteolysis (2001)

Growth hormone (GH) initiates its cellular action by properly dimerizing GH receptor (GHR). A substantial fraction of circulating GH is complexed with a high-affinity GH-binding protein (GHBP) that in many species can be generated by GHR proteolysis and shedding of the receptor's ligand-binding extracellular domain. We previously showed that this proteolysis 1) can be acutely promoted by the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), 2) requires a metalloprotease activity, 3) generates both shed GHBP and a membrane-associated GHR transmembrane/cytoplasmic domain remnant, and 4) results in down-regulation of GHR abundance and GH signaling. Using cell culture model systems, we now explore the effects of GH treatment on inducible GHR proteolysis and GHBP shedding. In human IM-9 lymphocytes, which endogenously express GHRs, and in Chinese hamster ovary cells heterologously expressing wild-type or cytoplasmic domain internal deletion mutant rabbit GHRs, brief exposure to GH inhibited PMA-induced GHR proteolysis (receptor loss and remnant accumulation) by 60-93%. PMA-induced shedding of GHBP from Chinese hamster ovary transfectants was also inhibited by 70% in the presence of GH. The capacity of GH to inhibit inducible GHR cleavage did not rely on JAK2-dependent GH signaling, as evidenced by its continued protection in JAK2-deficient gamma2A rabbit GHR cells. The GH concentration dependence for inhibition of PMA-induced GHR proteolysis paralleled that for its promotion of receptor dimerization (as monitored by formation of GHR disulfide linkage). Unlike GH, the GH antagonist, G120K, which binds to but fails to properly dimerize GHRs, alone did not protect against PMA-induced GHR proteolysis; G120K did, however, antagonize the protective effect of GH. Our data suggest that GH inhibits PMA-induced GHR proteolysis and GHBP shedding by inducing GHR dimerization and that this effect does not appear to be related to GH site 1 binding, GHR internalization, or GHR signaling. The implications of these findings with regard to GH signaling and GHR down-regulation are discussed.
Characterization of a Ca(II)-, Mineral-Interactive Polyelectrolyte Sequence from the Adhesive Elastomeric Biomineralization Protein Lustrin A (2003)

The lustrin protein superfamily represents a class of elastomeric biomineralization proteins which are localized between layered aragonite mineral plates (i.e., nacre layers) in mollusk shell. These proteins exhibit adhesive behavior within the mineralized matrix, suggesting that there may be interfacial interactions between lustrin proteins and aragonite mineral surfaces and/or other surfaces of organic matrix components. Previously, within one lustrin protein (Lustrin A) we identified a 24 amino acid Asp-rich polyelectrolyte sequence, named D4, which adopts an open, unfolded conformation in solution. This sequence contains a putative Ca(II) interaction sequence, −DTDADSGSD−, which potentially represents a site for Ca(II)-mediated Lustrin A−mineral or Lustrin A−organic matrix interactions. In this present study, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we confirm that the D4 sequence is a Ca(II)-binding polypeptide that maintains its unfolded conformation in the presence of Ca(II) ions. Moreover, using geological calcite overgrowth assays and scanning electron microscopy visualization, we observe interruption in calcium carbonate crystal growth in the presence of nanomolar levels of D4 polypeptide. Proton solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance experiments verify that during the course of calcium carbonate crystal growth D4 becomes bound to calcite fragments and cannot be entirely displaced from the mineral fragments using low and high ionic strength conditions. We conclude from our studies that D4 represents a potential matrix adhesion site within the Lustrin A protein and possesses molecular traits that coincide with other reported calcium carbonate mineral interaction domains.
Prognostic value of prostate volume in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (2021)

There is evidence that a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia increases the incidence of bladder cancer, and treatment with 5-alpha reductase inhibitor or androgen deprivation therapy reduces recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. We aimed to evaluate whether prostate volume affects its prognosis. We reviewed medical records of men who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor due to non-muscle invasive bladder cancer from January 2012 to December 2017. Patients were divided into two groups based on prostate volume measured by computed tomography (group 1: 264 patients with ≤ 30 mL, group 2: 124 patients with > 30 mL). Propensity score matching analysis was used for adjust selection bias, and then assessed recurrence-free survival and progression-free survival. With a median follow up duration of 52 months, group 1 showed higher 5-year recurrence-free and progression-free survival (69.3% vs 47.0%, p = 0.001; 96.7% vs 87.7%, p = 0.002). Further, cox-regression analysis showed that tumor size (HR = 1.292 p < 0.001), multifocal tumor (HR = 1.993, p < 0.001), adjuvant intravesical therapy (chemotherapy: HR = 0.580, p = 0.037 and bacillus Calmette-Guérin: HR = 0.542, p = 0.004) and prostate volume (HR = 2.326, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of recurrence-free survival. Prostate volume (HR = 2.886, p = 0.014) was also associated with PFS with age (HR = 1.043, p = 0.044) and tumor grade (HR = 3.822, p = 0.013). We conclude higher prostate volume is associated with worse recurrence and progression-free survival in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Color Control of Organic Electroluminescent Devices with Mixed Signal Layer. (1995)

有機電界発光 (EL) 素子において, 緑, オレンジ色色素の発光材料, 正孔輸送材料, 電子輸送材料の混合膜による単層素子を作製し, その色の変化について評価・検討を行った.その結果, 混合比を変えることにより, 発光色を緑色からオレンジ色まで制御できた.
Variation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Reverse Transcriptase within the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Genome of RT-SHIV (2014)

RT-SHIV is a chimera of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) containing the reverse transcriptase (RT)-encoding region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) within the backbone of SIVmac239. It has been used in a non-human primate model for studies of non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTI) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We and others have identified several mutations that arise in the "foreign" HIV-1 RT of RT-SHIV during in vivo replication. In this study we catalogued amino acid substitutions in the HIV-1 RT and in regions of the SIV backbone with which RT interacts that emerged 30 weeks post-infection from seven RT-SHIV-infected rhesus macaques. The virus set points varied from relatively high virus load, moderate virus load, to undetectable virus load. The G196R substitution in RT was detected from 6 of 7 animals at week 4 post-infection and remained in virus from 4 of 6 animals at week 30. Virus from four high virus load animals showed several common mutations within RT, including L74V or V75L, G196R, L214F, and K275R. The foreign RT from high virus load isolates exhibited as much variation as that of the highly variable envelope surface glycoprotein, and 10-fold higher than that of the native RT of SIVmac239. Isolates from moderate virus load animals showed much less variation in the foreign RT than the high virus load isolates. No variation was found in SIVmac239 genes known to interact with RT. Our results demonstrate substantial adaptation of the foreign HIV-1 RT in RT-SHIV-infected macaques, which most likely reflects selective pressure upon the foreign RT to attain optimal activity within the context of the chimeric RT-SHIV and the rhesus macaque host.
Substituted Benzimidazole and Imidazopyridine Compounds Useful as Cyp17 Modulators (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTSubstituted Benzimidazole and Imidazopyridine Compounds Useful as Cyp17 ModulatorsPatent HighlightBenjamin Blass*View Author Information Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States*Tel: 215-707-1085. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2012, 3, 8, 614–615Publication Date (Web):July 2, 2012Publication History Published online2 July 2012Published inissue 9 August 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ml300157rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ml300157reditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views962Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (228 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Alkyls,Assays,Cancer,Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of (±) prostaglandin-F2αinvolving photolytic conversion of a cyclobutanone to a γ-lactol (1979)

R. F. Newton, D. P. Reynolds, N. M. Crossland, D. R. Kelly and S. M. Roberts, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1979, 683 DOI: 10.1039/C39790000683
Species specificity and augmentation of responses to class II major histocompatibility complex molecules in human CD4 transgenic mice. (1992)

Murine T cell responses to human class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules were shown to be a minimum of 20-70-fold lower than responses to allogeneic molecules. Transgenic mice expressing slightly below normal (75-95%) or very high (250-380%) cell surface levels of human CD4 were utilized to determine whether this was due to a species-specific interaction between murine CD4 and class II molecules. Human CD4 was shown to function in signal transduction events in murine T cells based on the ability of anti-human CD4 antibody to synergize with suboptimal doses of anti-murine CD3 antibody in stimulating T cell proliferation. In mice expressing lower levels of human CD4, T cell responses to human class II molecules were enhanced up to threefold, whereas allogeneic responses were unaltered. In mice expressing high levels of human CD4, responses to human class II molecules were enhanced at least 10-fold, whereas allogeneic responses were between one and three times the level of normal responses. The relatively greater enhancement of the response to human class II molecules in both lines argues for a preferential interaction between human CD4 and human class II molecules. In mice expressing lower levels of human CD4, responses to human class II molecules were blocked by antibodies to CD4 of either species, indicating participation by both molecules. In mice expressing high levels of human CD4, responses to both human and murine class II molecules were almost completely blocked with anti-human CD4 antibody, whereas anti-murine CD4 antibody had no effect. However, anti-murine CD4 continued to synergize with anti-CD3 in stimulating T cell proliferation in these mice. Thus, overexpression of human CD4 selectively impaired the ability of murine CD4 to assist in the process of antigen recognition. The ability of human CD4 to support a strong allogeneic response under these conditions indicates that this molecule can interact with murine class II molecules to a significant extent. Despite the fact that human CD4 appeared to be the only functional coreceptor in these mice, responses to human class II molecules were still much lower than those to murine class II alloantigens. This indicates that species-specific interactions between class II molecules and CD4 expressed on peripheral T cells are not sufficient to account for the low xenogeneic response and that intrinsic differences in T cell receptor structures or the need for species specificity in the interaction between CD4 and class II molecules during positive selection are also important.
PD35-09 COMPARISON OF A NOVEL SINGLE-USE FLEXIBLE URETEROSCOPE TO CURRENTLY EXISTING REUSABLE AND SINGLE-USE FLEXIBLE URETEROSCOPES (2017)

with maximum pressure set at 150 mm Hg; in the other cohort, hand irrigation was performed using 60 ml syringe and IV extension tubing. Statistics were performed in Prism (Graph Pad) and included means, standard deviations, chi squared tests, and student 0 s t-tests.
Near-field scanning optical microscopy as a simultaneous probe of fields and band structure of photonic crystals: A computational study (1999)

We demonstrate the feasibility of employing near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) imaging to simultaneously obtain both the eigenfield distribution and the band-structure information of a photonic crystal. We introduce the NSOM measurement configuration required and simulate the imaging process, with both the tip and the sample included, using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain calculations. Both the field-pattern and the frequency–wave-vector relations of photonic crystal eigenmodes are revealed by analyzing simulated images.
A General Method for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Tri- and Tetrasubstituted Ureas (2001)

A general method for the preparation of unsymmetrical di, tri-, and tetrasubstituted ureas on polymer supports is presented. Polymer-bound primary and secondary amines react with imidazolium salts (urea donors), which are generated from the reaction of N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) with primary and secondary amines followed by alkylation with MeI to give tri- and tetrasubstituted ureas in excellent yields (76-98%) and purities (80-99%).
A triple-isotope SPECT/PET-CT study with two novel fibrin-specific probes for non-invasive imaging of thrombus (2015)

465 Objectives Currently, thrombus imaging relies on different modalities depending on the vascular territory (e.g. ultrasonography, CT, etc). Considering the limitations with respect to thrombus location a molecular imaging technique to visualize thrombus in the context of vascular anatomy using PET-CT or SPECT-CT and whole body imaging would be a valuable tool. We recently characterized 4 probes labeled with 64Cu and Al18F for thrombus imaging.(1) Here we extend our findings to 68Ga PET and 111In SPECT, and use multimodal imaging to demonstrate the in vivo specificity of these probes for fibrin and thrombus. Methods Probes were synthesized by conjugation of a fibrin-binding peptide to NODAGA or DOTA followed by labeling with 68Ga (FBP14) or 111In (FBP15), respectively. SPECT/PET imaging properties, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and stability were assessed in two rat models of carotid thrombosis (crush- and FeCl3-injury). Target specificity was further evaluated with SPECT/PET-CT imaging by comparing targeted FBP14 and FBP15 to an isomeric untargeted 64Cu-D-Cys-FBP8 and by co-localization of the 68Ga PET or 111In SPECT signal to the 125I SPECT signal of thrombus formed by incorporation of 125I-fibrinogen. Results FBP14 and FBP15 showed high in vitro affinity for fibrin (530 and 600 nM), and high thrombus uptake (~0.9% ID/g), favorable biodistribution and fast blood clearance (t1/2 = 8-15 min) in rats. Thrombus uptake was the second highest, just after the kidneys (2-4% ID/g). Target specificity studies by multimodal SPECT/PET-CT imaging showed that focal signal of 68Ga-FBP14 and 111In-FBP15 co-localizes with the preformed 125I-labeled clot, however the non-binding derivative 64Cu-D-Cys-FBP8 does not co-localize with the hot clot (Figure). Conclusions FBP14 and FBP15 have high target affinity and specificity for fibrin but distinctive physical and imaging properties that make them suitable for different medical applications for thrombus detection. Research Support HL109448 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (Dr. Caravan).