gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The electromechanical response of silicon nanowires to buckling mode transitions (2010)

Here we show how the electromechanical properties of silicon nanowires (NWs) are modified when they are subjected to extreme mechanical deformations (buckling and buckling mode transitions), such as those appearing in flexible devices. Flexible devices are prone to frequent dynamic stress variations, especially buckling, while the small size of NWs could give them an advantage as ultra-sensitive electromechanical stress sensors embedded in such devices. We evaluated the NWs post-buckling behavior and the effects of buckling mode transition on their piezoresistive gauge factor (GF). Polycrystalline silicon NWs were embedded in SiO(2) microbridges to facilitate concurrent monitoring of their electrical resistance without problematic interference, while an external stylus performed controlled deformations of the microbridges. At points of instability, the abrupt change in the buckling configuration of the microbridge corresponded to a sharp resistance change in the embedded NWs, without altering the NWs' GF. These results also highlight the importance of strategically positioning the NW in the devices, since electrical monitoring of buckling mode transitions is feasible when the deformations impact a region where the NW is placed. The highly flexible NWs also exhibited unusually large fracture strength, sustaining tensile strains up to 5.6%; this will prove valuable in demanding flexible sensors.
Cube texture formation in cold rolled and annealed ultra low carbon steels (1998)

In cold rolling and annealing experiments it is demonstrated that, after heavy rolling reductions, cube fibre components appear in the annealing textures of ultra low carbon steels. The intensities of both the cube fibre and {111}[211] components increase sharply during the late stages of recrystallization (&gt;80 vol.% recrystallized). Concurrently the intensities of the RD fibre components decrease rapidly. By means of local orientation measurements, it was found that both the cube fibre and {111}[211] components are present in the early nucleation texture. However, at the end of recrystallization, but prior to grain growth, grains with {111}[211] orientations exhibited a larger than average size, whereas grains of cube orientations were smaller in size. Therefore, the size advantage argument only applies to {111}[211] grains. The present experimental data provide geometrical evidence for selective growth of both the cube fibre and {111}[211] components according to a [110]26.5 degrees orientation relation in which the favoured [110] axes are nearest the maximum principal stress directions of the deformation mode. The observation that the cube components are only favoured by selective growth, whereas the {111}[211] orientations possess both growth selection and size advantages, explains why the cube fibre orientations are only minor constituents of the annealing texture.
Scintigraphic Assessment of Radio-Aerosol Pulmonary Deposition With the Acapella Positive Expiratory Pressure Device and Various Nebulizer Configurations (2013)

Placing the nebulizer distal to the Acapella, as recommended by the manufacturer, decreased intrapulmonary deposition, compared to placing the nebulizer between the Acapella and the patient airway, or delivering aerosol without the Acapella in the circuit. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01102166).
Towards a Resilient Machine Learning Classifier -- a Case Study of Ransomware Detection (2020)

The damage caused by crypto-ransomware, due to encryption, is difficult to revert and cause data losses. In this paper, a machine learning (ML) classifier was built to early detect ransomware (called crypto-ransomware) that uses cryptography by program behavior. If a signature-based detection was missed, a behavior-based detector can be the last line of defense to detect and contain the damages. We find that input/output activities of ransomware and the file-content entropy are unique traits to detect crypto-ransomware. A deep-learning (DL) classifier can detect ransomware with a high accuracy and a low false positive rate. We conduct an adversarial research against the models generated. We use simulated ransomware programs to launch a gray-box analysis to probe the weakness of ML classifiers and to improve model robustness. In addition to accuracy and resiliency, trustworthiness is the other key criteria for a quality detector. Making sure that the correct information was used for inference is important for a security application. The Integrated Gradient method was used to explain the deep learning model and also to reveal why false negatives evade the detection. The approaches to build and to evaluate a real-world detector were demonstrated and discussed.
A Compact Tunable Impedance Matching Pad Based on LTCC: Its Applications (2019)

In this paper, a compact size pad is designed to generate tunable property by bias voltage control and a very broadband matching characteristic for a PCB structure and LTCC at 400 MHz to 3 GHz which overall size is 2×1.9×0.8 mm3. Different from other impedance matching network and matching system, the proposed matching pad has robust property this is because matching pad can control the two shunt capacitors. The fabricated structure applied to an actual application such as antenna, amplifier, power divider and filter and so on. Also, the full-wave simulation results are given with the measured ones. The fabricated structure achieves the 2.6 GHz bandwidth, 0.2 dB insertion loss, less than −20 dB return loss in operating band.
FACTS Devices for large wind power plants (2010)

Growing number of wind turbines is changing electricity generation profile all over the world. However, high wind energy penetration affects power system safety and stability. For this reason transmission system operators (TSO) impose more stringent connection requirements on the wind power plant (WPP) owners. On the other hand flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices offer enhancement of grid stability and can facilitate grid code compliance for WPP. In this paper state-of-the-art in FACTS for large WPPs with AC connection is given. FACTS devices (excluding HVDC) with their properties are described. Academic and industrial research in FACTS applicability for WPPs is summarized
A panel on the future of long duration maritime autonomy (2015)

We present a summary of a panel on long-duration maritime autonomy (LDMA) taking place at IEEE OCEANS 2015, Washington, DC. The panelists include Drs. Jason Stack and Theresa Paluszkiewicz of the Office of Naval Research, Dr. Geoffery Hollinger of Oregon State University, Rafael Rodriguez of the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Panama City Division, and Clayton Jones of Teledyne Webb Research. The panelists come from key stakeholders within the maritime autonomy domain: academia, government, and industry. These differing points of view will give unique insights into the history and future of long-duration maritime autonomy.
Synthesis of Macrocycles via Cobalt‐Mediated [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Maintenance and Regulation of Serum Antibody Levels: Evidence Indicating a Role for Antigen Retained in Lymphoid Follicles (1978)

Abstract The synthesis of anti-human serum albumin (HSA) antibody was induced in the absence of added antigen in lymphoid cells obtained from CBA mice that had been immunized weeks to months earlier. This response was restricted to cells or tissue fragments obtained from lymphoid organs in the lymphatic drainage path of the original site of antigen administration. Injection of 125I-HSA revealed that retained antigen was likewise restricted to the spleen and draining lymph nodes and that it was present in these organs for long periods of time. Autoradiography indicated that within the limits of detection, antigen was further restricted to cells within the lymphoid follicles and was not retained in macrophages of the medulla, the subcapsular sinus, or the superficial cortex. Small fragments of lymph nodes placed in organ culture showed that the spontaneous response corresponded with the presence of follicular antigen. The more antigen present in a fragment the greater the spontaneous response. The belief that retained radioactivity represented active immunogen, even 7 weeks after injection, was supported by the observation that it could be specifically depleted from the lymphoid follicles by injecting nonradioactive HSA. On the basis of these data it appears likely that antigen retained in lymphoid follicles remains active for prolonged periods and stimulates antibody synthesis whenever antibody levels decline. Thus, retained follicular antigen could play a major role in the mechanism which maintains and regulates serum antibody levels for months or years after immunization.
JTop Algorithms for Top-k Join Queries (2008)

Top-k join queries have become very important in many important areas of computing. One of the most efficient algorithms for top-k join queries is the Rank-Join algorithm [17] [18]. However, there are many cases where Rank-Join does much unnecessary access to the input data sources. In this report, we first show that there are many cases where Rank-Join’s stopping mechanism is not efficient, and it does much unnecessary accesses to the input data sources. Then, we propose JTop, a family of much more efficient algorithms for top-k queries. We prove that our algorithms always perform less work than Rank-Join, and thus are more efficient. We also show that the performance of our algorithms can be O(n) times better than that of Rank-Join where n is the number of data items in the database. We evaluated the performance of our algorithms through experimentation over databases with different distributions. The results show that over the tested databases our algorithms significantly outperform Rank-Join.
Fibers for Dispersion Management in fs Fiber Lasers (2010)

All fiber devices with anomalous dispersion based on propagation in a higher order mode are described. Stretcher fibers with dispersion matching compressor gratings for use in chirped pulse amplifiers are also treated
Expression-driven reverse engineering of targeted imaging and therapeutic agents (2003)

Cancer is a particularly daunting disease to treat because, in its most insidious forms, cells are disseminated throughout the body, rendering surgery and local therapies ineffective. Hence, systemic disease must be targeted by its metabolic, physiological or molecular phenotype rather than by its location. Both tumour metabolism and physiology have been exploited to target therapies with some success. There is every reason to expect that these approaches will continue to advance therapies that discriminate tumour metabolism from that of normal tissues. As an alternative, molecular phenotyping (pharmacogenomics) is a relatively new science, and holds great promise for development of novel therapies and approaches. The discipline of pharmacogenomics has, to date, involved segmentation of patients according to their protein expression patterns in order to direct existing therapies to those populations who stand to benefit the most. In this communication, the authors propose a further application of this technology to develop agents that are reverse-engineered to explicitly target a patient's expressed protein patterns.
Using Intrinsic X-ray Absorption Spectral Differences To Identify and Map Peptides and Proteins (2007)

The intrinsic variation in the near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra of peptides and proteins provide an opportunity to identify and map them in various biological environments, without additional labeling. In principle, with sufficiently accurate spectra, peptides (<50 amino acids) or proteins with unusual sequences (e.g., cysteine- or methionine-rich) should be differentiable from other proteins, since the NEXAFS spectrum of each amino acid is distinct. To evaluate the potential for this approach, we have developed X-SpecSim, a tool for quantitatively predicting the C, N, and O 1s NEXAFS spectra of peptides and proteins from their sequences. Here we present the methodology for predicting such spectra, along with tests of its precision using comparisons to the spectra of various proteins and peptides. The C 1s, N 1s, and O 1s spectra of two novel antimicrobial peptides, Indolicidin (ILPWKWPWWPWRR-NH2) and Sub6 (RWWKIWVIRWWR-NH2), as well as human serum albumin and fibrinogen are reported and interpreted. The ability to identify, differentiate, and quantitatively map an antimicrobial peptide against a background of protein is demonstrated by a scanning transmission X-ray microscopy study of a mixture of albumin and sub6.
3D FLUID DEFORMATION AND MIXING VIA A CONTINUOUS TIME RANDOM WALK (2015)

International audience
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The human scavenger receptor class B type I is a novel candidate receptor for the hepatitis C virus. (2002)

We discovered that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoprotein E2 binds to human hepatoma cell lines independently of the previously proposed HCV receptor CD81. Comparative binding studies using recombinant E2 from the most prevalent 1a and 1b genotypes revealed that E2 recognition by hepatoma cells is independent from the viral isolate, while E2CD81 interaction is isolate specic. Binding of soluble E2 to human hepatoma cells was impaired by deletion of the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), but the wild-type phenotype was recovered by introducing a compensatory mutation reported previously to rescue infectivity of an HVR1-deleted HCV infectious clone. We have identied the receptor responsible for E2 binding to human hepatic cells as the human scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). E2SR-BI interaction is very selective since neither mouse SR-BI nor the closely related human scavenger receptor CD36, were able to bind E2. Finally, E2 recognition by SR-BI was competed out in an isolate-specic manner both on the hepatoma cell line and on the human SR-BI-transfected cell line by an anti-HVR1 monoclonal antibody.
Preparation and Performances of Warp-Knitted Hernia Repair Mesh Fabricated with Chitosan Fiber (2019)

In this paper, warp-knitted knitted fabrics with chitosan fibers for ventral hernia repair were fabricated with three kinds of structures. The properties of chitosan fiber, yarns, and fabrics were tested. The results demonstrated that the properties of a mesh fabricated with 1-0/1-2/2-3/2-1// structure were slightly better than those of other fabrics. The mechanical properties of the three produced fabrics were weak. However, the results demonstrated that chitosan meshes have many advantages, such as excellent hygroscopicity, and thermal and antimicrobial properties, which makes them one of the best materials for ventral hernia repair. The findings have theoretical and practical significance for the industrial uses of chitosan in ventral hernia repair.
Characterization of high-order harmonics generated from solid surfaces (2007)

This paper aims to numerically and experimentally study optical harmonic generation from solid fused silica targets. 1D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation and pump-probe femtosecond technique are used to characterize the spectral, spatial, and temporal properties of the high-order harmonics. PIC code indicates that it is quite feasible that surface harmonics generated at laser intensities of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sup> W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> can produce a train of or even single attosecond pulses in the 20-70 eV spectral range.
(Keynote) Nanomaterials for Printable Electronics (2020)

The National Research Council (NRC) is Canada’s premier organization for research and technology development. NRC’s Printable Electronics (PE) program develops materials and inks for additive manufacturing in order to enable a sustainable PE sector in Canada. Progress has been made over the last 20 years, yet many challenges remain at the materials, fabrication and integration level, limiting performance and commercialization. This presentation covers our progress in high purity semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (sc-SWCNT) enrichment and transistor fabrication via solution based processes as well as conductive molecular ink development [1-11] . I will highlight our recent progress in understanding sc-SWCNT enrichment using conjugated polymers (isolation of high purity sc-SWCNT), with special consideration given to the effects of solvent parameters and doping on the mechanism and yield/purity of the final product [2-4] . Removal of the wrapping polymer using a dry process on-wafer will also be described [5] . Challenges and advances associated with using polymer-based dielectrics and encapsulants will be discussed as well [6-7] . Such transistor packages have enabled the realization of fully inkjet-printed transistors as a result of the excellent electrical properties of sc-SWCNTs [8] . A demonstration of a fully additive process to make TFT backplanes via R2R printing will also be highlighted. Developments in conductive molecular inks and progress towards the commercialization of new applications such as in-mold electronicswill also be described [9-11] . The development of new functional nanomaterials and their successful integration into devices will enable additive manufacturing of TFT arrays and in-mold electronics. [1] J. Lefebvre et al. Acc. Chem. Res. 50 , 2479 (2017). [2] J. Ouyang et al. ACS Nano 12 , 1910 (2018). [3] J. Ding et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 120 , 21946 (2016). [4] Z. Li et al. ACS Omega 3 , 3413 (2018). [5] Z. Li et al. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28 , 1705568 (2018). [6] J. Lefebvre et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 , 243301 (2015). [7] F. Lapointe et al. Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 , 36027 (2019). [8] C. Homenick et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 , 27900, (2016) [9] A. J. Kell et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 , 17226 (2017). [10] C. Paquet et al. Nanoscale 10 , 17226 (2018). [11] B. Deore et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 , 38880 (2019).
Investigations into alternative substrate, absorber and buffer layer processing for Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/-based solar cells (1996)

High-performance Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/ (CIGS) based solar cells are fabricated within a narrow range of processing options. In this contribution, alternative substrate, absorber, and buffer layer processing is considered. Cell performance varies considerably when alternative substrates are employed. These variations are narrowed with the addition of Na via a Na/sub 2/S compound. Sputtered and electrodeposited CIGS precursors and completed absorbers show promise as alternatives to evaporation. A recrystallization process is required to improve their quality. (In,Ga)/sub y/Se buffer layers contribute to cell performance above 10%. Further improvements in these alternatives will lead to combined cell performance greater than 10% in the near term.
ChemInform Abstract: Macroxine ‐ A Novel Oxindole Alkaloid from Alstonia macrophylla. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Two Opioid Agonist and Cav2.2 Blocker Multitarget Ligands (2014)

N-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels (CaV 2.2) are located at nerve endings in the central and peripheral nervous systems and are strongly associated with the pathological processes of cerebral ischaemia and neuropathic pain. CaV 2.2 blockers such as the ω-conotoxin MVIIA (Prialt) are analgesic and have opioid-sparing effects. With the aim to develop new multitarget analgesic compounds, we designed the first ω-conotoxin/opioid peptidomimetics based on the enkephalin-like sequence Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe (for the opioid portion) and two fragments derived from the loop-2 pharmacophore of ω-conotoxin MVIIA. Antinociceptive activity evaluated in vitro and in vivo revealed differential affinity for CaV 2.2 and opioid receptors and no significant synergistic activity.
Automated overlays for laser peening (2011)

Purpose Sacrificial opaque overlays used in laser peening provide optimal processing and protect the surface of the part being processed from thermal damage from the laser pulses. Traditional solid film overlays for laser peening often require several applications and the running of multiple partial laser peening sequences in order to completely process the desired surface. This paper aims to discuss an automated overlay system that eliminates these issues. Design/methodology/approach LSP Technologies' (LSPT') patented RapidCoater™ automated overlay system provides optimal laser processing and surface protection by providing a conformal opaque layer that is automatically refreshed between each laser pulses. PLC control provides precise timing of the application of the process overlays in synchronization with the laser pulse. Findings Use of the RapidCoater system has been shown to reduce processing time by up to five times when compared to using tape overlays. Cost reductions of about 40 percent are also achieved. Originality/value LSPT, Inc. invented and developed this proprietary technology to provide its laser peening customers with higher productivity and improved process affordability.
In Situ Synthesis of Trimeric Ruthenium Cluster-Encapsulated ZIF-11 and Its Carbon Derivatives for Simultaneous Conversion of Glycerol and CO2 (2020)

Stable, high-performance noble-metal catalysts have proven effective for obtaining lactate (LA) and formate (FA) from simultaneous conversion of glycerol and carbonate as a CO2 source. For this purpose, we developed a novel method reported herein for the synthesis of Ru nanoparticles (NPs) supported on graphitic nanoporous carbon (Ru/NCT, T = pyrolysis temperature). The Ru/NCT catalysts were prepared by in situ encapsulation of trimeric ruthenium clusters in ZIF-11 pores, with a subsequent pyrolysis process. The pyrolysis temperature affected the size and crystallinity of Ru NPs and the textural properties of the ZIF-11-derived carbon. Optimization of reaction parameters such as CO2 source, reaction temperature, reaction time, and glycerol/carbonate ratio resulted in Ru/NCTs with significantly higher turnover number (TON) and space-time yield (STY) of the desired products (LA and FA). Moreover, these Ru/NCTs were stable even after three consecutive recycle tests without leaching of active metal or notable structural change. The correlation of reaction performance and detailed characterization revealed that large Ru NPs with high crystallinity exhibit superior catalytic activity for the combined dehydrogenation–hydrogenation reactions that yield the desired products.
Growth Behavior of Self-Formed Barrier Using Cu-Mn Alloys at 350 to 600oC (2006)

Cu-Mn alloys were deposited on plasma TEOS dielectric layer. A diffusion barrier layer was self-formed at the interface during annealing at elevated temperatures. The growth behavior followed a logarithmic rate law at 350 and 450 degC. No interdiffusion occurred between the alloy film and TEOS after annealing at these temperatures for 100 h. At 600 degC, grain-boundary grooving of the alloy film occurred on the barrier interface side. Estimated diffusivity at the alloy/barrier interface was of the same order as grain-boundary diffusivity of Cu