gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viscosity of Mixed Refrigerants, R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507C (2000)

Mixed refrigerants R407C, R410A, R404A, and R507A have gained more and more importance in the last few years as a replacement for R22 and R502.New viscosity data of R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507A are presented.For all these refrigerants, the viscosity was measured for the saturated liquid and vapor and also for the superheated vapor.Viscosity was measured using a capillary tube method.Estimated uncertainties in experimental viscosities are, in general, less than or equal to 1.2%.All available literature viscosity data for R404A, R407C, R410A, and R507A were evaluated to identify the most accurate data on which to base the viscosity model.The viscosity is modeled with the residual concept.In this representation, the viscosity was composed of two contributions: a dilute gas term which is a function only of temperature, and a residual term which is a function only of density.The models cover a wide range of parameters except for the small region of the critical viscosity enhancement which is extremely close to the critical point and may be safely ignored in all practical application.The resulting correlations applicable for the viscosity of dilute gas, superheated vapor, and saturated liquid and vapor of R404A, R407C, R41 OA, and R507 A are given.Comparisons are made for all available literature data.
Epigen is induced during the interleukin-13–stimulated cell proliferation in murine primary airway epithelial cells (2011)

Airway remodeling in bronchial asthma is characterized by epithelial detachment and proliferation, subepithelial fibrosis, increased smooth muscle mass, and goblet cell hyperplasia. These features are mediated by T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines including interleukin (IL)-13. However, the direct effects of IL-13 on the functions of airway epithelial cells are not fully understood. Murine primary airway epithelial (MPAE) cells were cultured in an air-liquid interface (ALI) culture system. AG1478, a specific inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, was used to examine whether EGFR was involved in the IL-13-stimulated proliferation of MPAE cells. The expressions of EGFR ligands were investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical analyses. The cell counting in cross-sections and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation assays revealed a significant increase in the number of MPAE cells cultured with IL-13 compared with a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control. AG1478 abolished the IL-13-stimulated proliferation of MPAE cells. The expression of epigen, one of the EGFR ligands, was enhanced in MPAE cells cultured with IL-13. The findings suggest that EGFR is involved in the IL-13-stimulated proliferation of MPAE cells, and that epigen is important for the proliferation process in airway remodeling.
Nanoparticle-Mediated p53 Gene Therapy for Breast Cancer (2003)

Abstract : Gene expression with non-viral vectors is usually transient and lasts only for few days. Therefore, repeated injection of the expression vector is required to maintain a therapeutic protein concentration in the target tissue. Biodegradable nanoparticles ( 200 nm diameter) formulated using biocompatible polymer, poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) have the potential for sustained gene delivery. Our hypothesis is that the nanoparticle-mediated gene delivery would resuft in sustained gene expression, and hence better efficacy with a therapeutic gene. Nanoparticles loaded with wt-p53 DNA demonstrated greater and sustained antiproliperative activity in vitro as compared to that with naked DNA and DNA-liposome complex. The greater efficacy of wt-p53 DNA-loaded nanoparticles was attributed to sustained intracellular DNA delivery and gene expression. A single-dose intratumoral administration of wt-p53 DNA-loaded nanoparticles demonstrated significant inhibition of tumor growth in MDAMB-435-induced subcutaneous breast cancer mouse model that also resulted in prolonged animal survival than controls. The mechanism of inhibition of tumor growth with wt-p53- DNA-loaded nanoparticles was attributed to higher apoptosis of tumor cells than that in controls, and also the induction of antiangiogenic protein, thrombospondin-I that inhibited tumor angiogenesis. The studies thus demonstrate the efficacy of nanoparticles as a non-viral gene expression vector and their potential application in breast cancer therapy.
The Use of Very Low Concentrations of High‐sensitivity Troponin T to Rule Out Acute Myocardial Infarction Using a Single Blood Test (2016)

In the absence of ECG ischemia, the detection of very low concentrations of hs-cTnT at admission seems to allow rapid, safe exclusion of AMI in one-third of patients without serial sampling. This could be used alongside careful clinical assessment to help reduce unnecessary hospital admissions.
Beyond a phenomenological description of magnetostriction (2018)

Magnetostriction, the strain induced by a change in magnetization, is a universal effect in magnetic materials. Owing to the difficulty in unraveling its microscopic origin, it has been largely treated phenomenologically. Here, we show how the source of magnetostriction-the underlying magnetoelastic stress-can be separated in the time domain, opening the door for an atomistic understanding. X-ray and electron diffraction are used to separate the sub-picosecond spin and lattice responses of FePt nanoparticles. Following excitation with a 50-fs laser pulse, time-resolved X-ray diffraction demonstrates that magnetic order is lost within the nanoparticles with a time constant of 146 fs. Ultrafast electron diffraction reveals that this demagnetization is followed by an anisotropic, three-dimensional lattice motion. Analysis of the size, speed, and symmetry of the lattice motion, together with ab initio calculations accounting for the stresses due to electrons and phonons, allow us to reveal the magnetoelastic stress generated by demagnetization.
Approach to Obesity in the Older Population (2021)

Until recently, weight loss in older obese people was feared because of ensuing muscle loss and frailty. Facing overall increasing longevity, high rates of obesity in older individuals (age ≥ 65 years) and a growing recognition of the health and functional cost of the number of obesity years, abetted by evidence that intentional weight loss in older obese people is safe, this approach is gradually, but not unanimously, being replaced by more active principles. Lifestyle interventions that include reduced but sufficient energy intake, age-adequate protein and micronutrient intake, coupled with aerobic and resistance exercise tailored to personal limitations, can induce weight loss with improvement in frailty indices. Sustained weight loss at this age can prevent or ameliorate diabetes. More active steps are controversial. The use of weight loss medications, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs (liraglutide as the first example), provides an additional treatment tier. Its safety and cardiovascular health benefits have been convincingly shown in older obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In our opinion, this option should not be denied to obese individuals with prediabetes or other obesity-related comorbidities based on age. Finally, many reports now provide evidence that bariatric surgery can be safely performed in older people as the last treatment tier. Risk-benefit issues should be considered with extreme care and disclosed to candidates. The selection process requires good presurgical functional status, individualized consideration of the sequels of obesity, and reliance on centers that are highly experienced in the surgical procedure as well as short-term and long-term subsequent comprehensive care and support.
Flexible scheduling in middleware for distributed rate-based real-time applications (2002)

Distributed rate-based real-time systems, such as process control and avionics mission computing systems, have traditionally been scheduled statically. Static schedul-ing provides assurance of schedulability prior to run-time and can be implemented with low run-time overhead. However, static scheduling is brittle in the face of unantici-pated overload, and treats invocation-to-invocation variations in resource requirements inflexibly. As a consequence, processing resources are often under-utilized in the aver-age case, and the resulting systems are hard to adapt to meet new real-time processing requirements. Dynamic scheduling offers relief from the limitations of static scheduling. How-ever, dynamic scheduling often has a higher run-time cost because certain decisions are enforced on-line. Furthermore, under conditions of overload tasks can be scheduled dynamically that may never be dispatched, or that upon dispatch would miss their dead-lines. We review the implications of these factors on rate-based distributed systems, and posits the necessity to combine static and dynamic approaches to exploit the strengths and compensate for the weaknesses of either approach in isolation.
A SOC Framework for ISP Federation and Attack Forecast by Learning Propagation Patterns (2007)

A security operation center (SOC), which monitors network traffic on each domain, has been established to detect cyber attacks. However, there have been ever increasing worms and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on the Internet and the number of unknown attacks is increasing day by day. It is hard to defend network infrastructure via the SOC, which is operated by an internet service provider (ISP). It is thus important to predict new security threats and share incidents that occur with related ISPs. In the case of Japan, the Telecom Information Sharing and Analysis Center (Telecom-ISAC) Japan is established for a federation scheme with ISP operators against serious security incidents. In this research, we design a federation SOC framework that monitors wide-area networks and analyzes multi-point traffic using statistical approaches. It can suggest anomalous ISPs and traffic parameters automatically. Moreover, we propose an attack forecast technique to ensure a swift response to regular and new attacks. The technique depicts an attack map and learns attack propagation patterns by using the Bayesian inference. We implement the system and evaluate integrated scale of the ISPs and forecast correct rate.
Heteromeric Anopheline Odorant Receptors Exhibit Distinct Channel Properties (2011)

With observable differences in channel function, the data support a model in which the odorant-binding OR also affects the channel pore. The variable effect contributed by the conventional OR on the conductive properties of odorant-gated sensory channels adds additional complexity to insect olfactory signaling, with differences in odor coding beginning with ORs on the periphery of the olfactory system.
Abdominal MR imaging: comparison of T2-weighted fast and conventional spin-echo, and contrast-enhanced fast multiplanar spoiled gradient-recalled imaging. (1993)

T2-weighted fast and conventional spin-echo (SE) and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced fast multiplanar spoiled gradient-recalled (FMPSPGR) images in 26 patients (18 with hepatic masses and eight with no detected abnormality) were compared to determine the efficacy of the newer pulse sequences (fast SE and FMPSPGR) in abdominal imaging. FMPSPGR allows for breath-hold magnetic resonance imaging of the liver. The contrast-to-noise ratio (C/N) of the hepatic lesions was calculated for each sequence and was superior in fast SE compared with that in conventional SE in 16 of 18 patients. Lesion detection was 90% with fast SE and was 85% and 80% for conventional SE and contrast material-enhanced FMPSPGR sequences, respectively. Of the T2-weighted sequences, fast SE showed consistently sharper anatomic structures and less respiratory and cardiac motion artifact. Thus, fast SE (with its superior C/N and shorter imaging time) and gadolinium-enhanced FMPSPGR images, when combined, demonstrate potential value as routine sequences in abdominal imaging.
Chemical and Thermal Stability of Alkanethiol and Sulfur Passivated InP(100) (2003)

InP(100) surfaces treated with Na2Sx9H20 and CnH(2n+1)SH are examined by contact angle measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy to determine the chemical and thermal behavior of these passivated surfaces. The surfaces coated by octadecanethiol (n = 18) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are found to be more stable toward oxidation than the S-passivated surface. The chemical stability of octadecanethiol SAMs in various environments is examined. The thiol monolayer is found to be stable in 0.1 M HCl but degrades in 0.1 M NaOH, boiling chloroform, and water. The behavior of these surfaces at elevated temperatures under a vacuum is also investigated. The octadecanethiol-coated InP(100) is stable up to 473 K, above which the films begin to degrade. Unlike other substrates on which the entire molecule including the sulfur headgroup desorbs together, on InP, the sulfur headgroup remains on the surface even after annealing to 673 K. These observations suggest that the desorption occurs by S-C bond cleavage as well as In-S bond cleavage. The sulfur of S-passivated InP is found to be more thermally stable than that of the octadecanethiol monolayer, perhaps due to their different bonding geometries and hence energies.
Stabilization of Tetragonal Zirconia Nanocrystallites Using an Original Supercritical-Based Synthesis Route (2020)

To understand the importance of the particle size on the stabilization of metastable tetragonal ZrO2, ultrafine ZrO2 nanocrystals were synthesized via (i) the precipitation method in supercritical water using nitrate precursors, (ii) the sol–gel method in a supercritical ethanol–water mixture, and (iii) the borderline nonhydrolytic sol–gel route in supercritical ethanol using propoxide precursors. The obtained nanocrystals displayed a variation of the monoclinic versus tetragonal molar fractions from 100 wt % down to ≈10 wt % of monoclinic phase. This variation was concomitant with an overall size decrease of the nanocrystals, ranging from 7 to 2 nm depending on the synthesis procedures. Phase contents were quantified by refinement analysis of X-ray scattering data sets and crosschecked with Raman spectroscopy. Our results suggest that an upper limit of ≈90 wt % of the tetragonal ZrO2 phase is possible, even for ultrafine nanoparticles (2 nm). These findings thus question the existence of any critical size limit below which stabilization of pure t-ZrO2 is attainable at low temperatures.
TO STUDY THE PROPERTIES OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE USING MICROSILICA & FLY ASH (2021)

Self compacting concrete (SCC) is a creative concrete that doesn't need vibration for setting and compaction. It can stream under its own weight, totally filling formwork and accomplishing full compaction, even within the sight of clogged support. The hardened concrete is thick, homogeneous and has same designing properties and solidness as customary vibration concrete. To convey SCC with common trimmings, mineral admixtures like silica fume, fly ash and useful expert Super-plasticizers are moreover used. The use of mineral admixtures in the strong improves its quality properties just as toughness. The compressive quality are inspect tracking down the ideal use of mineral admixture (Silica fume levels 0, 2.27, 4.65, 7.14, 9.75, 12.5 and 15.38 % at 7 days and 28 days of relieving). The current assessment means to give arrangement mix for Self-compacting concrete by using Silica fume, fly ash and super-plasticizers.
<title>Motion estimation with variable velocity bandwidth</title> (1996)

A new phase-based motion algorithm is introduced. The estimation is performed such that only non-aliased temporal frequencies are included in the calculation of the translation vector describing the displacement of an object in a digital video sequence. A full description of the algorithm is presented. It is based on using a two-dimensional fast Fourier transform in two consecutive video fields or frames. Simulation results are included to illustrate the capabilities of the algorithm in an object-tracking application featuring fast frame-to-frame motion. It is shown that the proposed algorithm out-performs a conventional phase-based motion estimation algorithm.
Design of a phased-array for radiation force generation following a closed path (2010)

This work demonstrates with numerical simulations, the feasibility of an ultrasound probe for the generation of radiation forces in set of points following a path surrounding a tumor. Such strategy is adapted to induce resonance elastography of breast tumors and/or to increase displacement magnitudes induced by low frequency shear waves. Transducer elements were based on 1-3 piezocomposite material. 3D simulations combining the finite element method and boundary element method with periodic boundary conditions in the elevation direction were used to predict acoustic wave radiation in the breast. The crosstalk between neighbor elements was not taken into account. The coupling factor of the piezocomposite material and the radiated power of the transducer were optimized. The transducer electrical impedance was targeted to 50 Ω. The final probe was simulated by assembling the designed transducer to build an octagonal phased-array, with 256 elements on each edge. Using dynamic transmitter beamforming techniques, the electrical excitation that generates the radiation force along a path and resulting acoustic pattern in the breast were evaluated. Transducers central frequency was 4.5 MHz; they were able to deliver enough power and could generate the radiation force with a relatively low level of voltage excitation. Magnitude and orientation of the acoustic intensity (radiation force) at any point of a path were controlled.
Transparent plywood as a load-bearing and luminescent biocomposite (2018)

Transparent wood (TW) structures in research studies were either thin and highly anisotropic or thick and isotropic but weak. Here, transparent plywood (TPW) laminates are investigated as load-bearing biocomposites with tunable mechanical and optical performances. Structure-property relationships are analyzed. The plies of TPW were laminated with controlled fiber directions and predetermined stacking sequence in order to control the directional dependence of modulus and strength, which would give improved properties in the weakest direction. Also, the angular dependent light scattering intensities were investigated and showed more uniform distribution. Luminescent TPW was prepared by incorporation of quantum dots (QDs) for potential lighting applications. TPW can be designed for large-scale use where multiaxial load-bearing performance is combined with new optical functionalities.
Immobilization and electrochemical properties of ruthenium and iridium complexes on carbon electrodes (2016)

We report the synthesis and surface immobilization of two new pyrene-appended molecular metal complexes: a ruthenium tris(bipyridyl) complex (1) and a bipyridyl complex of [Cp*Ir] (2) (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed successful immobilization on high surface area carbon electrodes, with the expected elemental ratios for the desired compounds. Electrochemical data collected in acetonitrile solution revealed a reversible reduction of 1 near -1.4 V, and reduction of 2 near -0.75 V. The noncovalent immobilization, driven by association of the appended pyrene groups with the surface, was sufficiently stable to enable studies of the molecular electrochemistry. Electroactive surface coverage of 1 was diminished by only 27% over three hours soaking in electrolyte solution as measured by cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical response of 2 resembled its soluble analogues, and suggested that ligand exchange occurred on the surface. Together, the results demonstrate that noncovalent immobilization routes are suitable for obtaining fundamental understanding of immobilized metal complexes and their reductive electrochemical properties.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Breast Field Cancerization: Isolation and Comparison of Telomerase-Expressing Cells in Tumor and Tumor Adjacent, Histologically Normal Breast Tissue (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 47K, Performance of hTERT promoter reporter (Green vector) in telomerase -positive and -negative cell lines. Cell counts (y-axis versus green fluorescence (FL1, x-axis) in the telomerase positive cell lines, Hek293 (left column) and MDA MB 231 (middle column), and telomerase negative cell line, WI-38 (right column), was analyzed by flow cytometry. Uninfected cells (negative controls) are shown in the top row and cells infected with the Green vector are shown in the bottom row. Region bars were set to exclude 99% of un-infected cells ("1% gate).&lt;/p&gt;
Towards Simultaneous Interpreting: The Timing of Incremental Machine Translation and Speech Synthesis (2014)

In simultaneous interpreting, human experts incrementally construct and extend partial hypotheses about the source speaker’s message, and start to verbalize a corresponding message in the target language, based on a partial translation – which may have to be corrected occasionally. They commence the target utterance in the hope that they will be able to finish understanding the source speaker’s message and determine its translation in time for the unfolding delivery. Of course, both incremental understanding and translation by humans can be garden-pathed, although experts are able to optimize their delivery so as to balance the goals of minimal latency, translation quality and high speech fluency with few corrections. We investigate the temporal properties of both translation input and output to evaluate the tradeoff between low latency and translation quality. In addition, we estimate the improvements that can be gained with a tempo-elastic speech synthesizer.
Alginates: From the ocean to gastroesophageal reflux disease treatment (2019)

Cite this article as: Bor S, Kalkan İH, &amp;Ccedil;elebi A, et al. Alginates: From the ocean to gastroesophageal reflux disease treatment. Turk J Gastroenterol 2019; 30(Suppl 2): S109-36.
Un parc de forêt dense en Afrique : le parc national de Taï (Côte d'Ivoire) : 1re partie (1978)

Nous publions ici la première partie de cet article. Face à la disparition rapide de la forêt naturelle, la conservation d'une vaste étendue de terres forestières est justifiée ; elle sauvegarde les écosystèmes et constitue un précieux capital génétique.Dans cet article, l'auteur traite principalement de l'environnement et énumère la flore et la faune du Parc : les animaux rencontrés et les principales espèces dont les graines sont disséminées par la faune, plus particulièrement par les éléphants.Il met également en garde contre tout ce qui met en danger le Parc et souligne le rôle souvent néfaste de l'homme, notamment des braconniers.