gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: ANION COORDINATION CHEMISTRY: POLYGUANIDINIUM SALTS AS ANION COMPLEXONS (1980)

Abstract Die bequemste Art, die Titelverbindungen (IV)‐(VI) darzustellen, ist die Umsetzung z.B. des Diamins (I) in Wasser bei 5°C mit dem Nitroisoharnstoff (II) zum Derivat (III), dessen Hydrogenolyse in saurer Lösung zum Ethylendiguanidinium (IV) führt.
Portal-systemic encephalopathy suggesting elderly onset epilepsy (2022)

要旨:高齢者に発症するてんかんは，焦点意識減損発作が多く，少量の抗てんかん薬が奏功し，脳卒中が原因であることが多いなどの特徴があり，有病率は1%程度と推定されている。非肝硬変性の門脈大循環シャント脳症は，中高年に多く発症し多彩な症状が出現するが，てんかん発作で発症することはまれである。今回，てんかん発作で発症した高齢の門脈大循環シャント脳症例を経験した。79歳女性がてんかん発作を来し搬送された。抗てんかん薬を投与し症状は速やかに改善したが高アンモニア血症が持続した。ウレアーゼ産生Klebsiella oxytocaが尿から検出されST合剤を投与したが高アンモニア血症は持続した。脳波で持続する全般性徐波を認めた。頭部MRIで両側淡蒼球にT1強調画像高信号域を認め，腹部CTで門脈から分枝し下大静脈へ直接流入する門脈下大静脈シャントを認めた。門脈大循環シャント脳症と診断し内科的治療で血中アンモニア値は正常化した。てんかん発作が高齢で初発した場合には，てんかん発作を来すさまざまな疾患と高齢発症てんかんとを鑑別する必要がある。超高齢社会の日本において，高齢者のてんかんに対する理解を深めることは重要である。
Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric characterization of Curcuma longa: Protection against pathogenic microbes and lipid peroxidation in rat's tissue homogenate. (2016)

The present study was designed to investigate the mineral content and antimicrobial activity of Curcuma Longa extracts and its essential oil. We also determined the lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of the ethanolic extract against sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) formation in rat's brain, kidney and liver homogenates. Major constituents of essential oil identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS) were beta-sesquiphellandrene (38.69%), alpha-curcumene (18.44%) and p-mentha-1,4 (8)-diene (16.29%). Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used for the quantitative estimation of Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni) and Manganese (Mn). The extract showed highest Mg (49.4 mg/l) concentration followed by Ca (35.42 mg/l) and Fe (1.27 mg/l). Our data revealed that the ethanolic extract of Curcuma Longa at 1-10 mg/kg significantly inhibited TBARS production in all tested homogenates. Crude extracts and essential oil were tested against three gram positive bacteria i.e. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus atrophoeus, Staphylococcus aureus, six gram negative bacteria i.e. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonias, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Erwinia carotovora, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and one fungal strain namely Candida albicans by disc diffusion assay. Essential oil showed highest anti-microbial activity as compared to the crude extracts. The present study confirms the significant antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of the studied plant, which can be considered as a diet supplement for a variety of oxidative stress induced or infectious diseases.
New radiation therapy for cancer using monochromatic X-rays and nanoparticles (2022)

There are longstanding research efforts to improve treatments for cancers. Two treatment options are chemotherapy and radiation therapy but there is room for improvement and researchers at the Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Japan, have developed a new method that could lead to the development of a new type of cancer radiation therapy and save lives. The research team is led by Professor Fuyuhiko Tamanoi who is principal investigator at the Tamanoi Laboratory at Kyoto University and leader of the Quantum Nano Medicine Research Center. The method involves generating a cloud of electrons inside a cancer cell that causes DNA breaks, which has potential to eliminate cancer cells. This approach is built on the Auger effect which postulates that when high Z elements are irradiated with monochromatic X-rays, the energy from the X-rays are absorbed by the K-shell electron, which leads to the release of multiple electrons, which have the capability to produce DNA double strand breaks. To achieve the necessary conditions, the team used nanoparticle design combined with state-of-the-art X-ray technology. The team is also developing a new type of nanoparticle called Biodegradable periodic mesoporous organosilica (BPMO), which is a type of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN).
Logical stochastic resonance with correlated internal and external noises in a synthetic biological logic block (2011)

Following the advent of synthetic biology, several gene networks have been engineered to emulate digital devices, with the ability to program cells for different applications. In this work, we adapt the concept of logical stochastic resonance to a synthetic gene network derived from a bacteriophage λ. The intriguing results of this study show that it is possible to build a biological logic block that can emulate or switch from the AND to the OR gate functionalities through externally tuning the system parameters. Moreover, this behavior and the robustness of the logic gate are underpinned by the presence of an optimal amount of random fluctuations. We extend our earlier work in this field, by taking into account the effects of correlated external (additive) and internal (multiplicative or state-dependent) noise. Results obtained through analytical calculations as well as numerical simulations are presented.
Devices Based On Second-Order Nonlinear Effects In Glass Fibres (1990)

Techniques for the generation of second-order non-linearities in optical fibres are described. Applications to non-linear frequency-optic modulation via the Pockels effect is demonstrated.
Chiral fiber sensors for harsh environments (2011)

We have fabricated chiral fiber long-period gratings (CLPGs) for radiation sensing by co-twisting two standard optical fibers or twisting a single custom optical fibers with nonconcentric core as the fibers pass though a miniature oven. The wavelength shift of transmission dips in the CLPGs have proven to be much more sensitive to ionizing radiation than are fiber Bragg gratings. The radiation sensitivity of these CLPGs was investigated in a wide variety of twisted fibers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Technological Trend Analysis by Henschel <i>et al.</i><sup>7</sup>. Because chiral fiber gratings do not rely on glass photosensitivity, as is the case for fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), chiral radiation sensors can be fabricated from a range of glass combinations selected strictly for their sensitivities to radiation in different circumstances. The fiber may also be made of glass selected to be radiation insensitive so that the fiber can be used to sense temperature in high-radiation environments. Radiation-induced shifts of up to 10 nm are observed in transmission dips of CLPGs for doses of 100 kGy of Co-60 gamma radiation. With such high sensitivity, these gratings can be used as radiation sensors for doses below 10 Gy. The wavelength shift was found to depend upon the radiation dose rate. This dependence is found to vary with glass composition. This opens up the possibility of using two CLPGs to simultaneously measure both the dose and rate of radiation.
CaM kinase II regulates cardiac hemoglobin expression through histone phosphorylation upon sympathetic activation (2019)

Sympathetic activation of β-adrenoreceptors (β-AR) represents a hallmark in the development of heart failure (HF). However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of gene regulation. In human ventricular myocardium from patients with end-stage HF, we found high levels of phosphorylated histone 3 at serine-28 (H3S28p). H3S28p was increased by inhibition of the catecholamine-sensitive protein phosphatase 1 and decreased by β-blocker pretreatment. By a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we show that the β-AR downstream protein kinase CaM kinase II (CaMKII) directly binds and phosphorylates H3S28. Whereas, in CaMKII-deficient myocytes, acute catecholaminergic stimulation resulted in some degree of H3S28p, sustained catecholaminergic stimulation almost entirely failed to induce H3S28p. Genome-wide analysis of CaMKII-mediated H3S28p in response to chronic β-AR stress by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massive genomic sequencing led to the identification of CaMKII-dependent H3S28p target genes. Forty percent of differentially H3S28p-enriched genomic regions were associated with differential, mostly increased expression of the nearest genes, pointing to CaMKII-dependent H3S28p as an activating histone mark. Remarkably, the adult hemoglobin genes showed an H3S28p enrichment close to their transcriptional start or end sites, which was associated with increased messenger RNA and protein expression. In summary, we demonstrate that chronic β-AR activation leads to CaMKII-mediated H3S28p in cardiomyocytes. Thus, H3S28p-dependent changes may play an unexpected role for cardiac hemoglobin regulation in the context of sympathetic activation. These data also imply that CaMKII may be a yet unrecognized stress-responsive regulator of hematopoesis.
Blueberry‐Enriched Diets Reduce Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in Rats (2009)

Several studies suggest that anthocyanin intake could modify risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Blueberries are a rich, whole‐food source of anthocyanins. We tested the effect of a semi‐purified diet with added whole blueberry powder (2% w:w) or a carbohydrate‐matched control diet on factors of metabolic syndrome in the obesity‐prone Zucker Fatty rat, fed either a low fat (10% fat) diet or a high fat (45% fat) diet. After 90 days, both the low fat blueberry (LFB) and high fat blueberry (HFB) groups had reduced abdominal fat compared to controls, and the LFB group had reduced body weight and % fat mass. Both LFB and HFB groups had significantly reduced triglycerides, total cholesterol, fasting insulin, and fasting glucose. LFB and HFB also had improved glucose clearance, as measured by a glucose tolerance test. Given the improved glucose control, we then measured mRNA transcripts in skeletal muscle and retroperitoneal fat related to glucose and lipid uptake and metabolism by PCR Array. The results suggest that regular intake of blueberry reduced several key risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, these benefits were augmented when fed a low fat diet. Finally, blueberry diet conferred tissue changes in several genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism, which could support the in vivo results of greater insulin sensitivity and reduced fat accumulation.
Applications for fiber Bragg gratings in communications (2005)

Summary form only given. The advent of low insertion-loss, high efficiency gratings photoinduced directly in the core of optical fiber leads to a wide range of applications. Optical fiber Bragg grating (OFBG) technology is now "coming of age", with the likely inclusion of fiber gratings in devices to be incorporated in commercial communication systems. This talk will describe these communications applications, and discuss some of the issues to be addressed in ensuring the reliability and long-term stability of OFBGs.
An Investigation of Transformation-Based Learning in Discourse (1998)

This paper presents results from the first attempt to apply Transformation-Based Learning to a discourse-level Natural Language Processing task. To address two limitations of the standard algorithm, we developed a Monte Carlo version of Transformation-Based Learning to make the method tractable for a wider range of problems without degradation in accuracy, and we devised a committee method for assigning confidence measures to tags produced by Transformation-Based Learning. The paper describes these advances, presents experimental evidence that Transformation-Based Learning is as effective as alternative approaches (such as Decision Trees and N-Grams) for a discourse task called Dialogue Act Tagging, and argues that Transformation-Based Learning has desirable features that make it particularly appealing for the Dialogue Act Tagging task.
Chiral-mesoporous-polypyrrole nanoparticles: Its chiral recognition abilities and use in enantioselective separation (2010)

Chiral-mesoporous-polypyrrole (CMPPy) nanoparticles are synthesized by templating chiral block copolymers (CBCs) of poly(ethylene oxide), (PEO) and chiral L-/D- glutamic acid [PEO-b-(L-/D-GluA)10] and blocks of chiral L-/D-phenylalanine [PEO-b-(L-/D-Phe)10]. The well ordered chiral mesopores of nanoparticles are characterized by HRTEM and BET. The CMPPy nanoparticles have well organized pores with sizes ca. 3.5–3.7 nm in diameter and with a high surface area. These CMPPy nanoparticles are able to recognize chiral molecules. Using the selective chiral recognition abilities, the chiral resolution of the copolymer-extracted CMPPy nanoparticles and the chiral separation kinetics using a racemic mixture of valine are probed by circular dichroism (CD) and optical polarimetry. Further, the chiral resolution of the CMPPy is confirmed with a racemic mixture of alanine. The chiral selectivity factor is 5.05 for a specific enantiomer which is adsorbed preferably by the CMPPy. These results allow a new approach towards the enantiomeric separation and other enantiomeric applications of novel CMPPy.
Science Signaling Podcast: 3 April 2012 (2012)

Rapamycin’s effects on longevity and insulin sensitivity are mediated by different molecular targets.
Identification and quantification of differentially represented transcripts in in vitro and in vivo derived preimplantation bovine embryos (2008)

Identification of transcripts at key development stages of preimplantation embryos is critical for a better understanding of early embryogenesis. The current study had two aims. The first was to characterize the relative abundance of multiple transcripts during several developmental stages, namely, metaphase II-stage oocytes (MPII), as well as 2-cell, precompact morula (PCM) and in vitro-produced blastocyst (IVTBL) stage embryos. The second was to characterize differences in the relative abundance of transcripts present in in vivo- (IVVBL), in vitro- (IVTBL), and nuclear transfer-derived (NTBL) blastocysts. It was hypothesized that the identification of differentially represented transcripts from these embryos would reveal not only developmentally important genes, but also genes that might be aberrantly expressed due to embryo production techniques. Individual clusters from a large bovine expressed sequence tag (EST) library (http://genome.rnet.missouri.edu/bovine/) of female reproductive tissues and embryos were compared using Fisher's Exact Test weighted by number of transcripts per tissue by gene. Of the 3,144 transcripts that were present during embryogenesis, 125 were found to be differentially represented (P < or = 0.01) in at least one pairwise comparison. Fifteen of these transcripts were selected for further examination using quantitative real-time PCR (qRTPCR) to determine differences in transcript abundance. Twelve of the 15 transcripts were differentially represented (n = 9, P < or = 0.01; n = 3, P < or = 0.05) in at least one pairwise comparison. In summary, identification of differentially represented transcripts in early embryo development, which are modulated by in vitro techniques, should provide markers to ensure the production of embryos closer to those developed in vivo.
Effect of Tensile Property Distribution on Strain-Based Design Application of High Strength UOE Line Pipe (2006)

For line pipe to which a strain-based design is applied, control of mechanical properties such as yield to tensile strength (Y/T) ratio, yield strength (YS) and flow stress at a low strain is required. These mechanical properties generally change during thermal coating treatment. A high strength UOE line pipe that is less susceptible to strain aging has recently been developed. In UOE pipes, mechanical properties change along the circumferential direction. However, the strength distribution has received little attention. Furthermore, the extent to which the change in strength along the circumferential direction affects the strain limits in strain-based design application is unclear. In this paper, firstly, the pipe forming strain variation and mechanical properties distribution along the circumferential direction of the X80 UOE line pipe suitable to the application of strain-based design are presented. Secondly, change in the properties distribution after thermal coating application is examined. Finally, the effect of strength distribution on the strain limits in strain-based design is discussed.
Comparing Acceptance Sampling Standards, Part 1 (2012)

ABSTRACT In this first part of a two-part series, common attribute sampling standards are discussed and compared. Military standard 105 (MIL-STD-105) is the premier attribute sampling standard that has led to a number of derivative standards in recent decades that are discussed here. While these standards share a lot of common ground, there are some differences among them. While military standards, such as MIL-STD-105, are no longer supported by the U.S. Department of Defense, there are many comparable standards to use which are supported by various standards organizations. In this paper, the reader will be introduced to these derivative standards and how they compare to each other and to MIL-STD-105. In the second part of this series, MIL-STD-414 and its derivative standards will be discussed for the inspection of variables data. Their ties to MIL-STD-105E and its derivatives will also be used to tie together all the standards in this article as well.
High-productivity immersion scanner enabling 1xnm hp manufacturing (2013)

NSR-S622D, Nikon’s new ArF immersion scanner, provides the best and practicable solutions to meet the escalating requirement from device manufactures to accommodate the further miniaturization of device pattern. NSR-S622D has various additional functions compared to the previous model such as the newly developed illumination system, new projection lens, new AF system new wafer table in addition to the matured Streamlign platform. These new features will derive the outstanding performance of NSR, enabling highly controlled CD uniformity, focus accuracy and overlay accuracy. NSR-S622D will provide the adequate capabilities that are demanded from a lithography tool for production of 1x nm hp node and beyond.
Optimal data placement to improve data dissemination in vehicular networks (2015)

Because of road accidents vehicular networks were originally designed to enhance road safety, and have much evolved in these recent years towards being driven by exchanging and accessing multimedia information. Indeed, Such applications are very greedy in terms of transmitted traffic and used bandwidth and then meet some limits in vehiculars envirements. In this work we address the problem of optimal placement of coded data in a subset of road side units (RSU) in order to enhance data dissemination and make the data available in all the network. We propose in this paper a data placement model that minimizes the maximum delevry time between each vehicle and the RSUs that store the coded data. We closely model the urban vehicular environment and formulate the data placement problem as a linear optimization model which can be solved by numerous existing optimization suites such as CPLEX and YALMIP, and compared our results to two other methods. Our experiments show that optimally placing coded data in the network greatly improves the network performances.
Training of Number Sense Transfers Broadly (2013)

We explore individual differences in the precision of the Approximate Number System (ANS), and the trainability of this key process for apprehending the number of objects in our environment. This system, anchored in the dorsal stream, impacts many of our decisions – from trying to determine the fastest cashier line at the grocery to high-order cognitive tasks such as school arithmetic. The ability to improve its precision through training therefore holds the promise to impact many different aspects of cognition. Here we show that the precision of the ANS is highly plastic, being compromised or enhanced in various populations. In individuals with dorsal stream abnormalities, such as Williams Syndrome or pre-term infants, we find reduced ANS precision. In contrast, in individuals known to have enhanced dorsal stream functions such as action video game players, we find that the precision of the ANS is enhanced (see Supplemental). We then establish that the ANS can be trained and that the benefit of training transfers broadly. Adults trained on action video games exhibit improved performance on tasks related to the ANS including speeded symbolic arithmetic challenges. Children trained with a visually-based number training protocol also showed greater ANS precision as well as transfer to auditory number discrimination (see Supplemental). Our results demonstrate a large plasticity in the precision of the ANS. This system is impacted – for better or for worse – by both genetic and environmental factors. Crucially, its precision can be trained with the induced improvement transferring to untrained modalities and to high-order cognitive tasks. We take the ANS to be a model system of how the more abstract representations of the dorsal stream may be responsive to training and how their precision can affect cognition quite broadly. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2013
Social and Psychological Consequences, at 10 Years Old, of an Earlier Onset of Self-reported Delinquency (1991)

In this paper we will answer the following question: what are the consequences of an earlier onset of delinquency on competence several years after onset? Rather than studying the social and psychological predictors of an early onset, we will be interested in the impact of the age of onset of self-reported delinquency on the social and personal adaptation of boys at age 10, social and personal adaptation referring to the broad concepts of competence--"having the requisite or adequate capacity or qualities to function or develop in a particular way" or "sufficiency of means for the necessities and conveniences of life."
CXCR4 WHIM‐like frameshift and nonsense mutations promote ibrutinib resistance but do not supplant MYD88L265P‐directed survival signalling in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia cells (2014)

CXCR4(WHIM) frameshift and nonsense mutations follow MYD88(L265P) as the most common somatic variants in Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia (WM), and impact clinical presentation and ibrutinib response. While the nonsense (CXCR4(S338X) ) mutation has been investigated, little is known about CXCR4 frameshift (CXCR4(FS) ) mutations. We engineered WM cells to express CXCR4(FS) mutations present in patients, and compared their CXCL12 (SDF-1a) induced signalling and ibrutinib sensitivity to CXCR4(wild-type (WT)) and CXCR4(S338X) cells. Following CXCL12 stimulation, CXCR4(FS) and CXCR4(S338X) WM cells showed impaired CXCR4 receptor internalization, and enhanced AKT1 (also termed AKT) and MAPK1 (also termed ERK) activation versus CXCR(WT) cells (P < 0·05), though MAPK1 activation was more prolonged in CXCR4(S338X) cells (P < 0·05). CXCR4(FS) and CXCR4(S338X) cells, but not CXCR4(WT) cells, were rescued from ibrutinib-triggered apoptosis by CXCL12 that was reversed by AKT1, MAPK1 or CXCR4 antagonists. Treatment with an inhibitor that blocks MYD88(L265P) signalling triggered similar levels of apoptosis that was not abrogated by CXCL12 treatment in CXCR4(WT) and CXCR4(WHIM) cells. These studies show a functional role for CXCR4(FS) mutations in WM, and provide a framework for the investigation of CXCR4 antagonists with ibrutinib in CXCR4(WHIM) -mutated WM patients. Direct inhibition of MYD88(L265P) signalling overcomes CXCL12 triggered survival effects in CXCR4(WHIM) -mutated cells supporting a primary role for this survival pathway in WM.