gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of electrohydraulic lithotripters with rigid and pressure-release ellipsoidal reflectors. I. Acoustic fields (1998)

The most common lithotripter, a Dornier HM-3, utilizes an underwater spark to generate an acoustic pulse and a rigid ellipsoidal reflector to focus the pulse on the kidney stone to be comminuted. The pulse measured in water with a PVDF membrane hydrophone at the external focus of the ellipsoid was a 1-microsecond positive-pressure spike followed by a 3-microsecond negative-pressure trough. When we replaced the rigid reflector in our experimental lithotripter with a pressure-release reflector, the pulse was a 1.6-microsecond trough followed by a 0.6-microsecond positive spike. The waveforms are nearly time inverses (i.e., their spikes and troughs are reversed). The frequency spectra, the maximum peak positive pressures P+ (42 MPa, rigid and 43 MPa, pressure-release), and the maximum peak negative pressures P- (-12 MPa and -14 MPa) are comparable. The maximum P- occurred 20 mm closer to the reflector than did the maximum P+, for both reflectors. However, the spatial maxima of the peak pressures (P+ and P-) produced by the pressure-release reflector were located 20 mm nearer to the reflector than those produced by the rigid reflector. Qualitative explanation of the waveforms and the location of pressure maxima as well as comparison to previous theoretical and experimental results is given. The alternate waveform produced by the pressure-release reflector may be a tool in determining the role of cavitation in lithotripsy because cavitation is highly sensitive to waveform.
Image sharpness and contrast transfer in coherent confocal microscopy (1993)

Confocal microscopes provide clear, thin optical sections with little disturbance from regions of the specimen that are not in focus. In addition, they appear to provide somewhat greater lateral and axial image resolution than with non-confocal microscope optics. To address the question of resolution and contrast transfer of light microscopes, a new test slide that enables the direct measurement of the contrast transfer characteristics (CTC) of microscope optics at the highest numerical aperature has been developed. With this new test slide, the performance of a confocal scanning laser microscope operating in the confocal reflection mode and the non-confocal transmission mode was examined. The CTC curves show that the confocal instrument maintains exceptionally high contrast (up to twice that with non-confocal optics) as the dimension of the object approaches the diffraction limit of resolution; at these dimensions, image detail is lost with non-confocal microscopes owing to a progressive loss of image contrast. Furthermore, we have calculated theoretical CTC curves by modelling the confocal and non-confocal imaging modes using discrete Fourier analysis. The close agreement between the theoretical and experimental CTC curves supports the earlier prediction that the coherent confocal and the incoherent non-confocal imaging mode have the same limit of resolution (defined here as the inverse of the spatial frequency at which the contrast transfer converges to zero). The apparently greater image resolution of the coherent confocal optics is a consequence of the improved contrast transfer at spacings which are close to the resolution limit.
Variable Pressure Humidification Dehumidification Desalination System (2011)

Nature uses air as a carrier gas to desalinate seawater through evaporation and rain. Several investigators have previously studied desalination cycles based on carrier gas processes. However, single pressure carrier gas cycles suffer from low energy recovery and hence low performance. Here we discuss a novel carrier gas cycle which operates under varied pressure. This cycle operates the evaporation process under a reduced pressure and the condensation process at an elevated pressure to enhance energy recovery. The pressure is varied by using a mechanical compressor. This cycle has been found to be several times as efficient as the existing carrier gas cycles. In this paper, the salient features of this cycle are analyzed in an on-design sense by defining a component effectiveness for the simultaneous heat and mass exchange components and an isentropic efficiency for the compressor and the expander. Based on this study, ways to improve the cycle are proposed. The possibility of using a throttle valve instead of an expander and the effect this would have on the overall performance is reported. Comparison of the new desalination cycle with existing ones is also performed in terms of specific work consumption.
Bactericidal effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on some endodontic pathogens ex vivo (2006)

The Nd:YAG laser irradiation is not an alternative but a possible supplement to existing protocols for canal disinfection as the properties of laser light may allow a bactericidal effect beyond 1 mm of dentine. Endodontic pathogens that grow as biofilms, however, are difficult to eradicate even upon direct laser exposure.
Swarm Vision (2013)

August 01 2013 Swarm Vision George Legrady, George Legrady Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Marco Pinter, Marco Pinter Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Danny Bazo Danny Bazo Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information George Legrady Marco Pinter Danny Bazo Online Issn: 1530-9282 Print Issn: 0024-094X © 2013 George Legrady, Marco Pinter, Danny Bazo2013 Leonardo (2013) 46 (4): 408–409. https://doi.org/10.1162/LEON_a_00621 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation George Legrady, Marco Pinter, Danny Bazo; Swarm Vision. Leonardo 2013; 46 (4): 408–409. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/LEON_a_00621 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsLeonardo Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2013 George Legrady, Marco Pinter, Danny Bazo2013 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Taql and Pstl RFLPs in the von Hippel–Lindau disease gene (VHL) (1993)

Journal Article Taql and Pstl RFLPs in the von Hippel–Lindau disease gene (VHL) Get access F.M. Richards, F.M. Richards * *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. Latif, F. Latif 1Laboratory of Immunobiology, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development CenterFrederick, MD 21702-1201, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.I. Lerman, M.I. Lerman 1Laboratory of Immunobiology, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development CenterFrederick, MD 21702-1201, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. Zbar, B. Zbar 1Laboratory of Immunobiology, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development CenterFrederick, MD 21702-1201, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E.R. Maher E.R. Maher Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 2, Issue 10, October 1993, Page 1750, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/2.10.1750 Published: 01 October 1993
FRI-TEM: Time Encoding Sampling of Finite-Rate-of-Innovation Signals (2021)

Classical sampling is based on acquiring signal amplitudes at specific points in time, with the minimal sampling rate dictated by the degrees of freedom in the signal. The samplers in this framework are controlled by a global clock that operates at a rate greater than or equal to the minimal sampling rate. At high sampling rates, clocks are power-consuming and prone to electromagnetic interference. An integrate-and-fire time encoding machine (IF-TEM) is an alternative power-efficient sampling mechanism which does not require a global clock. Here, the samples are irregularly spaced threshold-based samples. In this paper, we investigate the problem of sampling finite-rate-of-innovation (FRI) signals using an IF-TEM. We provide theoretical recovery guarantees for an FRI signal with arbitrary pulse shape and without any constraint on the minimum separation between the pulses. In particular, we show how to design a sampling kernel, IF-TEM, and recovery method such that the FRI signals are perfectly reconstructed. We then propose a modification to the sampling kernel to improve noise robustness. Our results enable designing low-cost and energy-efficient analog-to-digital converters for FRI signals.
Real-Time Collection of Conidia Released from Living Single Colonies of Podosphaera aphanis on Strawberry Leaves under Natural Conditions with Electrostatic Techniques (2022)

Powdery mildew fungi produce progeny conidia on conidiophores, and promote the spread of powdery mildew diseases by dispersal of the conidia from conidiophores in the natural environment. To gain insights and devise strategies for preventing the spread of powdery mildew infection, it is important to clarify the ecological mechanism of conidial dispersal from conidiophores. In this study, all of the progeny conidia released from single colonies of strawberry powdery mildew fungus (<i>Podosphaera aphanis</i> (Wallroth) U. Braun and S. Takamatsu var. <i>aphanis</i> KSP-7N) on true leaves of living strawberry plants (<i>Fragaria</i> × <i>ananassa</i> Duchesne ex Rozier cv. Sagahonoka) were consecutively collected over the lifetime of the colony with an electrostatic rotational spore collector (insulator drum) under greenhouse conditions, and counted under a high-fidelity digital microscope. The insulator drum consisted of a round plastic container, copper film, thin and transparent collector film, electrostatic voltage generator, and timer mechanism. When negative charge was supplied from the voltage generator to the copper film, the collector film created an attractive force to trap conidia. The electrostatically activated collector film successfully attracted progeny conidia released from the colony. Experiment was carried out at just one colony on one leaf for each month (in February, May, July, October, November, and December in 2021), respectively. Each collector film was exchanged for a new collector film at 24 h intervals until KSP-7N ceased to release progeny conidia from single colonies. Collection experiments were carried out to estimate the total number of conidia released from a single KSP-7N colony over a 35-45-day period after inoculation. During the fungal lifetime, KSP-7N released an average of 6.7 × 10<sup>4</sup> conidia from each of the single colonies at approximately 816 h. In addition, conidial release from KSP-7N colonies was largely affected by the light intensity and day length throughout a year; the number of conidia released from single KSP-7N colonies in night-time was clearly smaller than that in daytime, and the time of conidial release from single KSP-7N colonies was shorter by approximately 2 to 4 h in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. The ecological characteristics related to conidial releases from KSP-7N colonies will be helpful information for us to successfully suppress the spread of strawberry powdery mildews onto host plants under greenhouse conditions.
Surface Characteristics of Microporous and Mesoporous Carbons Functionalized with Pentafluorophenyl Groups (2017)

The in situ diazonium reduction reaction is a reliable and well-known approach for the surface modification of carbon materials for use in a range of applications, including in energy conversion, as chromatography supports, in sensors, etc. Here, this approach was used for the first time with mesoporous colloid-imprinted carbons (CICs), materials that contain ordered monodisperse pores (10-100 nm in diameter) and are inherently highly hydrophilic, using a common microporous carbon (Vulcan carbon (VC)), which is relatively more hydrophobic, for a comparison. The ultimate goal of this work was to modify the CIC wettability without altering its nanostructure and also to lower its susceptibility to oxidation, as required in fuel cell and battery electrodes, by the attachment of pentafluorophenyl (-PhF<sub>5</sub>) groups onto their surfaces. This was shown to be successful for the CIC, with the -PhF<sub>5</sub> groups uniformly coating the inner pore walls at a surface coverage of ca. 90% and allowing full solution access to the mesopores, while the -PhF<sub>5</sub> groups deposited only on the outer VC surface, likely blocking its micropores. Contact angle kinetics measurements showed enhanced hydrophobicity, as anticipated, for both the -PhF<sub>5</sub> modified CIC and VC materials, even revealing superhydrophobicity at times for the CIC materials. In contrast, water vapor sorption and cyclic voltammetry suggested that the micropores remained hydrophilic, arising from the deposition of smaller N- and O-containing surface groups, caused by a side reaction during the in situ diazonium functionalization process.
<title>Instrumentation for in-vivo tissue spectroscopy and imaging</title> (1993)

Significant progress has been made recently in techniques and corresponding instrumentation for optical spectroscopy and imaging of tissues in vivo, based on either optical absorption/scattering, fluorescence, or Raman effects. The focus of this paper is on the principles and instrumentation required for in vivo use, particularly non-invasive clinical applications. Progress in absorption spectroscopy and imaging are emphasized in order to illustrate principles and some of the major limitations of current technologies. Possible future approaches to practical clinical instrumentation are indicated.
Cathodoluminescence Study of SiO<sub>2</sub>/4H-SiC Structures Treated with High-Temperature Post-Oxidation Annealing (2016)

The radiative defect centers in thermally-grown SiO 2 /4H-SiC structures with high-temperature post-oxidation annealing (POA) in various ambient gas, i.e. Ar, H 2 , and NO x , were examined using cathodoluminescence (CL) measurement. It was found that radiative centers with an extremely high luminescent efficiency were remained at the SiO 2 /SiC interfaces after Ar-POA and FGA. Thus, these defect centers are very stable against high-temperature annealing and reducing ambient. In contrast, NO x -POA significantly reduced amounts of the radiative defects that might be related to channel mobility improvement in SiC-MOSFETs.
Rapid thermal processing of .alpha.-hexathienylene thin-film transistors (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid thermal processing of .alpha.-hexathienylene thin-film transistorsL. Torsi, A. Dodabalapur, A. J. Lovinger, H. E. Katz, R. Ruel, D. D. Davis, and K. W. BaldwinCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 12, 2247–2251Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00060a010https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00060a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A MATLAB programme for quantitative simulation of self-assembly of polymer blend films with nanoscaled features (2012)

A MATLAB programme has been developed for simulation of polymer blend self-assembly with nanoscaled features. The Cahn-Hilliard equation is implemented to calculate the free energy profile of the polymer blends. The Flory-Huggins type of energy is used to estimate the local free energy. This programme is capable to quantitatively simulate the phase separation of polymer blends. The effects of the substrate functionalisation, solvent evaporation and polymer materials properties are considered in the programme. Researchers can use the programme to estimate the model parameters from the real experimental processing parameters and the material properties. The simulation results can be evaluated quantitatively and compared with the experimental results with analysis tools provided with the programme.
Rate Limitations in Posttranslational Processing by the Mammary Gland of Transgenic Animalsa (1996)

Our studies in transgenic animal bioreactors sought to determine the rate limitations in posttranslational processing of recombinant human protein C (rhPC) made in mammary gland of mice and pigs. Human protein C (hPC) is a complex plasma protein containing nine gamma-carboxylated glutamic acid (gla) residues that bind calcium at about 1 to 3 mM. Gamma carboxylation is a vitamin K-dependent posttranslational modification. The effect of rhPC synthesis rate on the extent of gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid was studied. We have perturbed the biosynthesis of rhPC by using two different transgenes to direct mammary gland-specific expression. Promoter elements of the murine whey acid protein (mWAP) gene were used to drive the expression of hPC-cDNA and hPC-genomic transgenes. Transgenic mice with hPC-cDNA and hPC-genomic sequences gave expression levels of 11 +/- 4 micrograms rhPC/ml of milk and 895 +/- 21 micrograms rhPC/ml of milk, respectively. Transgenic pigs with hPC-cDNA and hPC-genomic sequences gave expression levels of 100 to 500 micrograms rhPC/ml of milk and 800 to 2000 micrograms rhPC/ml of milk, respectively. A monoclonal antibody (7D7B10-mAb) that binds an epitope in the gla domain of hPC in the absence of calcium was used to study the conformational behavior of immunopurified rhPC. Immunopurified rhPC from lower expressing mice and pigs gave a calcium-dependent binding inhibition by 7D7B10-mAb similar to that of hPC. Immunopurified rhPC from higher expressing mice and pigs gave a less calcium-dependent response. This study suggests that a rate limitation in gamma-carboxylation by the mammary gland occurs at expression levels about > 20 micrograms/ml in mice and > 500 micrograms/ml in pigs.
Application of hot-melt extrusion technology in immediate-release abuse-deterrent formulations (2017)

Application of HME to IR formulations led to development of products with improved mechanical resistance to manipulation for intranasal or intravenous preparation, but similar bioavailability.
Microdeflection Liquid Crystal Display Modes Using Eight-Division Electrodes (2001)

Microdeflection liquid crystal display modes that use eight-division electrodes are investigated. According to the multidomain formation of the eight-division structure, a wider viewing angle and gentler decay of transmittance versus voltage characteristics are expected. Under He–Ne laser irradiation, the threshold voltage of the transmittance versus voltage characteristics depends on the polarization direction of the incident light in a manner similar to that of previously reported microdeflection liquid crystal display modes. This threshold voltage change is explained by molecular motion and domain formation. The contrast ratio obtained is 354:1. Under white light illumination and crossed polarizer configuration, the contrast ratio is 43:1.
SFigure S1 from Age and Gender Associations of Virus Positivity in Merkel Cell Carcinoma Characterized Using a Novel RNA <i>In Situ</i> Hybridization Assay (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Representative microphotographs of samples showing different MCPyV RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) intensity (400X magnification)&lt;/p&gt;
Reply: Combined 18F-FDG and Fluoride Approach in PET/CT Imaging: Is There a Clinical Future? (2009)

Transdiaphragmatic (Pdi) and oesophageal pressures (Pes) are useful in understanding the pathophysiology of the respiratory system. They provide insight into respiratory drive, intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure, diaphragmatic fatigue and weaning failure. <h3>Background</h3> The use of Pdi and Pes in clinical practice is restricted due to the invasiveness of the technique and the cumbersome equipment needed. On the other hand, diaphragmatic displacement is non-invasively and easily assessed with M-mode ultrasound. <h3>Purpose</h3> We observed striking similarities in shape and magnitude between M-mode diaphragmatic displacement, Pes and Pdi pressures. The study aimed to evaluate if the information provided by these two pressures could be obtained non-invasively from the diaphragmatic displacement curve. <h3>Material and methods</h3> In 14 consecutive intubated patients undergoing a weaning trial, simultaneous recordings of Pes and Pdi pressures and the diaphragmatic displacement were assessed while breathing spontaneously and during a sniff-like manoeuvre. Moreover, the slope of the diaphragmatic displacement curve during relaxation was compared with the maximal relaxation rate (MRR) obtained from the Pdi curve. <h3>Results</h3> More than 200 breaths were analysed in pairs. Diaphragmatic displacement significantly correlated with Pdi (R<sup>2</sup>=0.33, p&lt;0.001) and Pes (R<sup>2</sup>=0.44, p&lt;0.001), and this correlation further improved during sniff (R<sup>2</sup>=0.47, p&lt;0.001) and (R<sup>2</sup>=0.64, p&lt;0.001), respectively. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between the relaxation slope derived from the diaphragmatic displacement curve and the MRR derived from the Pdi curve, both in normal breathing (R<sup>2</sup>=0.379, p&lt;0.001) and during the sniff manoeuvre (R<sup>2</sup>=0.71, p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> M-mode diaphragmatic displacement parameters correlate well with the ones obtained from oesophageal pressure and Pdi, particularly during sniffing. Diaphragmatic displacement assessment possibly offers an alternative non-invasive solution for understanding and clinically monitoring the diaphragmatic contractile properties and weaning failure due to diaphragmatic fatigue.
Case 4 (2013)

Case presentations focus on mapping techniques, diagnosis, and proper catheter placement for successful ablation of arrhythmias. This case focuses on atrial fibrillation treated with ablation.