gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rippling muscle disease: Evidence for phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity (2001)

We describe the clinical features of a family with rippling muscle disease. Muscle stiffness and myalgia were the most prominent symptoms. Muscle rippling, although distinctive, was present in only 6 of the 11 affected family members, whereas persistent muscle contraction to muscle percussion was present in all affected adults. Although this persistent contraction resembled percussion myotonia, it was electrically silent and is therefore more aptly called "percussion contracture." We also observed two clinical features not emphasized in previously reported kindreds: mild but asymptomatic weakness of face or proximal muscles was present in 5 of 11 affected members, and 5 individuals also complained of toe walking after a prolonged period of inactivity, reflecting the disproportionate involvement of the calf muscles. The pedigree suggested autosomal dominant inheritance. Our linkage analysis excluded the region on chromosome 1q identified in a previous linkage study.
Improved process monitoring with Independent Components (2004)

We propose a method for process monitoring of a semiconductor manufacturing process. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is applied to characterize E-test parameter data. We calculate angular confidence intervals for the model, eliminate marginally significant components, and implement control charts for significant components of interest. Alarms are generated off of deviations in the charted components. Alarms are easily used in process diagnosis based on the interpretation of the independent components.
Association of Prolonged Survival in HLA-A2+ Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Patients with a CTL Response Specific for a Commonly Recognized JC Virus Epitope (2002)

The role of JC virus (JCV)-specific CTL was explored in the immunopathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). We identified a 9-aa epitope of the JCV capsid protein VP1, the VP1(p100) peptide ILMWEAVTL, which is recognized by CTL of HLA-A2+ HIV+/PML survivors. We then constructed an HLA-A*0201/VP1(p100) tetrameric complex that allowed us to assess by flow cytometry the PBMC of 13 PML patients and 11 control subjects for the presence of JCV-specific CTL. VP1(p100)-specific CTL were detected by tetramer binding in VP1(p100)-stimulated PBMC of five of seven (71%) PML survivors and zero of six PML progressors (p = 0.02). Two of three HIV+ patients with a leukoencephalopathy resembling PML, but with no virologic evidence of JCV infection, also had detectable VP1(p100)-specific CTL in their PBMC. PBMC of eight HIV+ patients with other neurologic diseases and healthy control subjects had no detectable JCV-specific CTL. These data suggest that the JCV-specific cellular immune response may be important in the containment of PML, and the tetramer-staining assay may provide a useful prognostic tool in the clinical management of these patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Enzymes in the Synthesis of Bioactive Polyols (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 and host entry factors distribution in a COVID-19 autopsy series (2021)

This study portrays the impact of dispersed SARS-CoV-2 infection in diverse organ systems, thereby facilitating avenues for systematic therapeutic approaches.
Different effect of prostaglandin E2 on B-cell activation by two distinct B-cell differentiation factors, B151-TRF1/IL-5 and B151-TRF2: selective inhibition of B151-TRF2-induced antibody response through increases in intracellular cyclic AMP levels. (1989)

Effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on murine B-cell activation induced by two distinct B-cell differentiation factors, B151-TRF1/IL-5 and B151-TRF2, were examined. A final differentiation of unprimed B cells into IgM-producing cells induced by B151-TRF2 was markedly inhibited by PGE2 at physiological concentrations (around 10(-8) M), whereas B151-TRF1/IL-5- induced antibody responses of unprimed as well as activated B cells were not affected by PGE2, even at 10(-6) M. B-cell responses induced by B151-TRF2-like factors from autoimmune-prone MRL/lpr mice were also inhibited by PGE2. Biphasic increases in intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels were induced by culturing B cells with 10(-6) or 10(-8) M PGE2: rapid increases within 8 min and delayed increases around 16 hr. The direct addition of dibutyryl cAMP to cultures of B cells resulted in marked inhibition of antibody responses when stimulated with B151-TRF2 but not with B151-TRF1/IL-5. The B151-TRF2-induced antibody responses were also inhibited by cAMP-elevating reagents such as forskolin, cholera toxin and theophylline. Furthermore, 2'.5'-dideoxyadenosine, which is an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, prevented the PGE2-mediated cAMP accumulation in unprimed B cells as well as the PGE2-mediated inhibition of B151-TRF2-induced B-cell responses when added at the initiation of culture. These results suggest that PGE2 inhibits B151-TRF2-induced antibody responses through the activation of adenylate cyclase and subsequent accumulation of intracellular cAMP, whereas B151-TRF1/IL-5-responsive B cells are resistant to the inhibitory effect of PGE2 and cAMP.
Fabrication and Testing of Oxide/Oxide Microcomposites with Monazite and Hibonite as Interlayers (1999)

Oxide/oxide microcomposites were fabricated and tested to evaluate the effectiveness of monazite (LaPO 4 ) and hibonite (CaAl 12 O 19 ) as interlayers in sapphire‐reinforced Al 2 O 3 ‐matrix composites. For interlayer thicknesses of 0.3‐0.5 µm, both interlayers showed evidence of crack deflection; however, debond lengths in hibonite‐coated specimens were limited to just a small fraction of the fiber diameter. Monazite‐coated specimens showed multiple matrix cracks and extensive debonding at the coating/matrix interface. Composite strengths were relatively high for both coatings, considering the fiber strength degradation during processing. The strengths were greater than the calculated matrix cracking stresses. However, the mean strengths were not significantly different from those of the control specimens, although coated composites had higher Weibull moduli. The lack of difference in strength is attributed to porosity in the matrix. The results imply that matrix density needs to be &gt;85% to evaluate novel interface strategies reliably.
Synthesis and properties of polyimides derived from 1,4-Bis(4-Aminophenoxy)2,5-di-tert-Butylbenzene (1997)

Novel aromatic polyimides containing symmetric, bulky di-tert-butyl substituents unit were synthesized from 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene (BADTB) and various aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides by the conventional two-stage procedure that included ring-opening polyaddition in a polar solvent such as N,N-dimethylacetamide to give poly(amic acid)s, followed by cyclodehydration to polyimides. The diamine was prepared through the nucleophilic displacement of 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone with p-chloronitrobenzene in the presence of K2CO3, followed by catalytic reduction. Depending on the dianhydrides used, the poly(amic acid)s obtained had inherent viscosities of 0.83–1.88 dL g−1. Most of the polyimides formed transparent, flexible, and tough films. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the BADTB-based polyimide films ranged from 68–93 MPa and 7–11%, respectively. The polyimide derived from 4,4′-hexafluoro-isopropylidenebisphathalic anhydride had better solubility than the other polyimides. These polyimides had glass transition temperatures between 242–298°C and 10% mass loss temperatures were recorded in the range of 481–520°C in nitrogen. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1527–1534, 1997
A structured matrix factorization framework for large scale calcium imaging data analysis (2014)

We present a structured matrix factorization approach to analyzing calcium imaging recordings of large neuronal ensembles. Our goal is to simultaneously identify the locations of the neurons, demix spatially overlapping components, and denoise and deconvolve the spiking activity of each neuron from the slow dynamics of the calcium indicator. The matrix factorization approach relies on the observation that the spatiotemporal fluorescence activity can be expressed as a product of two matrices: a spatial matrix that encodes the location of each neuron in the optical field and a temporal matrix that characterizes the calcium concentration of each neuron over time. We present a simple approach for estimating the dynamics of the calcium indicator as well as the observation noise statistics from the observed data. These parameters are then used to set up the matrix factorization problem in a constrained form that requires no further parameter tuning. We discuss initialization and post-processing techniques that enhance the performance of our method, along with efficient and largely parallelizable algorithms. We apply our method to {\it in vivo} large scale multi-neuronal imaging data and also demonstrate how similar methods can be used for the analysis of {\it in vivo} dendritic imaging data.
Vortex retarders produced from photo-aligned liquid crystal polymers (2008)

We present developments using photo-aligned liquid crystal polymers for creating vortex retarders, halfwave retarders with a continuously variable fast axis. Polarization properties of components designed to create different polarization vortex modes are presented. We assess the viability of these components using the theoretical and experimental point spread functions and optical transfer functions in Mueller matrix format, point spread matrix (PSM) and optical transfer matrix (OTM). The measured PSM and OTM of these components in an optical system is very close to the theoretically predicted values thus showing that these components should provide excellent performance in applications utilizing polarized optical vortices. The impact of aberrations and of vortex retarder misalignment on the PSM and OTM are presented.
A survey of research and practices of Network-on-chip (2006)

The scaling of microchip technologies has enabled large scale systems-on-chip (SoC). Network-on-chip (NoC) research addresses global communication in SoC, involving (i) a move from computation-centric to communication-centric design and (ii) the implementation of scalable communication structures. This survey presents a perspective on existing NoC research. We define the following abstractions: system, network adapter, network, and link to explain and structure the fundamental concepts. First, research relating to the actual network design is reviewed. Then system level design and modeling are discussed. We also evaluate performance analysis techniques. The research shows that NoC constitutes a unification of current trends of intrachip communication rather than an explicit new alternative.
Water spines and networks in G-quadruplex structures (2020)

Quadruplex DNAs can fold into a variety of distinct topologies, depending in part on loop types and orientations of individual strands, as shown by high-resolution crystal and NMR structures. Crystal structures also show associated water molecules. We report here on an analysis of the hydration arrangements around selected folded quadruplex DNAs, which has revealed several prominent features that re-occur in related structures. Many of the primary-sphere water molecules are found in the grooves and loop regions of these structures. At least one groove in anti-parallel and hybrid quadruplex structures is long and narrow and contains an extensive spine of linked primary-sphere water molecules. This spine is analogous to but fundamentally distinct from the well-characterized spine observed in the minor groove of A/T-rich duplex DNA, in that every water molecule in the continuous quadruplex spines makes a direct hydrogen bond contact with groove atoms, principally phosphate oxygen atoms lining groove walls and guanine base nitrogen atoms on the groove floor. By contrast, parallel quadruplexes do not have extended grooves, but primary-sphere water molecules still cluster in them and are especially associated with the loops, helping to stabilize loop conformations.
Studies on a Strain of Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium Falciparum from Colombia, South America (1963)

SummaryWe have confirmed that, after passage through mosquitoes, a strain of Plasmodium falciparum from Colombia, South America, is resistant to standard doses of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and amodiaquine, and that radical cure of infections with this strain can be achieved by the administration of either pyrimethamine or quinine. The Colombia strain is resistant to BW 377C54, a hydroxynaphthalene derivative known to be effective against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei in mice. Preliminary investigations suggest that the concurrent weekly administration of primaquine and chloroquine, although ineffective for treatment of patent infections, may be effective in preventing patency of moderately-seeded, mosquito-induced infections of this strain.
Evaluation of Aqueous Extracts from Elast-Eon Polymers for Methylene Dianiline (MDA) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (2005)

Elast-Eon polymers are a class of materials suitable for use in long-term implantable medical devices. They are the copolymers of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) based polyurethanes and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethyl siloxane, and as a result combine the biostability and biocompatibility of silicones with the mechanical properties of polyurethanes. In order to ensure product safety and meet regulatory requirements, it is important to confirm the absence or presence of toxic 4,4'-methylene dianiline (MDA) in aqueous extracts of Elast-Eon. The present work focusses on the development of an analytical technique to detect any leachable MDA from Elast-Eon polymers. No traces of MDA could be detected in the aqueous extracts from Elast-Eon, or from sterilized and aged (accelerated oxidized) samples of Elast-Eon.
Erratum to: The effect of chemotherapy on expression of folate receptor-alpha in ovarian cancer (2012)

Erratum to: Cell Oncol. (2011)

DOI 10.1007/s13402-011-0052-6

The affiliations of the authors of the above mentioned article, published in Cellular Oncology, volume 35, issue 1, February 2012, pp. 9–18, should read:

L. M. A. Crane . M. van Oosten . G. M. van Dam Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

H. J. G. Arts . A. G. J. van der Zee Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

P. S. Low Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

J. Bart (*Corresponding author) Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
Choosing a new CD4 technology: Can statistical method comparison tools influence the decision? (2017)

Combining method comparison tools is more useful in evaluating CD4 technologies compared to a reference CD4. This algorithm should be further validated using CD4 external quality assessment data and studies with larger sample sizes. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
FcγRIIIb Allele-Sensitive Release of α-Defensins: Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Induced Release of Chemotaxins (2003)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic Abs (ANCA) can activate neutrophils in an FcgammaR-dependent manner, but the link between this ANCA-induced effect and mononuclear cell activation with the characteristic granuloma formation of Wegener's granulomatosis is unclear. Human alpha-defensins, small cationic antimicrobial peptides, are found in neutrophils and have chemotactic activity for T cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes. In this study, we quantitated the release of alpha-defensins (human neutrophil peptides 1-3) from human neutrophils after targeted FcgammaR cross-linking (XL). Homotypic XL of FcgammaRIIa, FcgammaRIIIb, or heterotypic XL of both receptors resulted in significant release of alpha-defensins, an effect also induced by both human polyclonal and murine monoclonal cytoplasmic staining ANCA (anti-proteinase 3). This release of alpha-defensins, as well as of other granule constituents (ANCA targets anti-proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase and elastase), was significantly greater in donors homozygous for the NA1 allele of FcgammaRIIIb than in donors homozygous for NA2. Interestingly, the ANCA-induced release was completely inhibited by the IgG Fc-binding peptide TG19320, which blocks the IgG-Fc region from binding to FcgammaR. Based on their chemotactic properties, alpha-defensins and their release by ANCA may contribute to modulation of the acquired immune response and to granuloma formation. The greater activity of the FcgammaRIIIB-NA1 genotype may also explain the greater severity of disease and its flare-ups in patients with this allele.
Becoming More Tolerant: Designing FPGAs for Variable Supply Voltage (2019)

With the end of Dennard scaling, FPGA power consumption has become a major concern. While FPGAs are conventionally supplied by a fixed supply voltage (Vdd), recent industrial (SmartVID) and academic solutions (dynamic voltage scaling) have shown significant power savings by scaling the FPGA Vdd on a chip-specific or chip-and application-specific basis. However, FPGAs have historically been designed for fixed-Vdd operation, which raises the question of whether we can design FPGA circuitry that is better suited for voltage scaling. In this work, we show that conventional LUTs are more sensitive to voltage than routing, so we design different LUT circuits that are more tolerant to voltage scaling. Compared to a conventional LUT, our fastest proposed LUT reduces the average critical path delay by 14% and 47% at nominal (0.8 V) Vdd and at reduced (0.6 V) Vdd, respectively. This significant reduction in delay comes at a cost of only 8% FPGA tile area increase. Our proposed LUT designs result in lower energy-delay and energy-delay^2 products at nominal Vdd and below.
Pseudowire Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification (VCCV): A Control Channel for Pseudowires (2007)

This document describes Virtual Circuit Connection Verification (VCCV)
procedures for use with pseudo wire connections. VCCV supports
connection verification applications for pseudo wire PWs regardless of
the underlying public service network technology. VCCV makes use of
IP-based protocols to perform operations and maintenance functions.
This is accomplished by providing a control channel associated with
each pseudo wire. A network operator may use the VCCV procedures to
test the network's forwarding plane liveliness. Contents
Abstract 1
1.
Contributors 1
2.
Introduction 2
3. Overview of VCCV Modes of
Operation 3 4. VCCV Control Channel
Types for MPLS PSN 3 4.1 Inband VCCV
 3 4.2 Out-of-
band VCCV 4 4.3 TTL
Expiry VCCV 4 5.
VCCV Types 5
5.1. MPLS LSP Ping Packet
 5 5.2 Bidirectional
Forwarding Detection 5 6. OAM
Capability Indication 6
6.1. Optional VCCV Parameter
 6 7. VCCV Control Channel
for L2TPv3/IP PSN 8 7.1. L2TPv3 VCCV
Message 11 7.2. L2TPv3
VCCV Capability Indication 11 7.3.
L2TPv3 VCCV Operation 11
8.
Acknowledgments 11
9.
References 11
9.2 Normative
References ...
Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems: The Central Role of Water/Solid Interfaces in Adsorption, Reactivity, and Transport (2021)

The structure, chemistry, and charge of interfaces between materials and aqueous fluids play a central role in determining properties and performance of numerous water systems. Sensors, membranes, sorbents, and heterogeneous catalysts almost uniformly rely on specific interactions between their surfaces and components dissolved or suspended in the water-and often the water molecules themselves-to detect and mitigate contaminants. Deleterious processes in these systems such as fouling, scaling (inorganic deposits), and corrosion are also governed by interfacial phenomena. Despite the importance of these interfaces, much remains to be learned about their multiscale interactions. Developing a deeper understanding of the molecular- and mesoscale phenomena at water/solid interfaces will be essential to driving innovation to address grand challenges in supplying sufficient fit-for-purpose water in the future. In this Review, we examine the current state of knowledge surrounding adsorption, reactivity, and transport in several key classes of water/solid interfaces, drawing on a synergistic combination of theory, simulation, and experiments, and provide an outlook for prioritizing strategic research directions.
Traffic engineering using multiple multipoint-to-point LSPs (2002)

Traffic engineering aims to optimize the utilization of existing network resources for load balance and failure recovery, and these are to be accomplished in a scalable fashion. This paper proposes a traffic engineering scheme using multiple multipoint-to-point (m-t-p) label switched paths (LSP) which can reduce the number of LSP and required labels in links. The scheme consists of m-t-p LSP creation and flow assignment. Routes are first selected, and m-t-p LSP are designed to include them. The m-t-p LSP design problem is formulated as a 0-1 integer programming problem. The flow assignment problem is formulated as a mixed integer programming problem in which maximum link load, i.e., maximum congestion, is minimized. Numerical comparisons with the conventional point-to-point LSP approach show that the m-t-p LSP approach can reduce the number of required LSP and labels. Moreover, numerical comparisons with conventional shortest path fast-based flow assignment show that our flow assignment scheme can reduce maximum link load.
Sync HotStuff: Simple and Practical Synchronous State Machine Replication (2019)

Synchronous solutions for Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) can tolerate up to minority faults. In this work, we present Sync HotStuff, a surprisingly simple and intuitive synchronous BFT solution that achieves consensus with a latency of 2Δ in the steady state (where Δ is a synchronous message delay upper bound). In addition, Sync HotStuff ensures safety in a weaker synchronous model in which the synchrony assumption does not have to hold for all replicas all the time. Moreover, Sync HotStuff has optimistic responsiveness, i.e., it advances at network speed when less than one-quarter of the replicas are not responding. Borrowing from practical partially synchronous BFT solutions, Sync HotStuff has a two-phase leader-based structure, and has been fully prototyped under the standard synchrony assumption. When tolerating a single fault, Sync HotStuff achieves a throughput of over 280 Kops/sec under typical network performance, which is comparable to the best known partially synchronous solution.