gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MTSAD: Multivariate Time Series Abnormality Detection and Visualization (2019)

Detecting outliers is one of the fundamental tasks in visual analytics and valuable in many application domains, such as suspicious network cyberattack recognition. This paper introduces an approach to analyzing and visualizing high-dimensional time series, focusing on identifying multivariate observations that are significantly different from the others. We also propose a prototype, called MTSAD, to guide users when interactively exploring abnormalities in large time series. The prototype contains two views: the main window provides an overview of identified outliers overtime, the detail window investigates and explores the ranked temporal data entries based on their outlying contributions to the overall plots. The visual interface supports a full range of interactions, such as lensing, brushing and linking, ranking, and filtering. To validate the benefits and usefulness of our approach, we demonstrate MTSAD on real-world datasets of different numbers of attributes.
Transplantation of human adult astrocytes: Efficiency and safety requirements for an autologous gene therapy (2003)

Ex vivo gene therapy is emerging as a promising approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system (CNS) trauma. We have shown previously that human adult astrocytes can be expanded in vitro and can express various therapeutic transgenes (Ridet et al. [1999] Hum. Gene Ther. 10:271-280; Serguera et al. [ 2001] Mol. Ther. 3:875-881). Here, we grafted normal and lentivirally-modified human adult astrocytes into the striatum and spinal cord of nude mice to test whether they are suitable candidates for ex vivo CNS gene therapy. Transplanted cells survived for at least 2 months (longest time analyzed) and sustained transgene expression. Importantly, the absence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining, a hallmark of cell division, ascertains the safety of these cells. Thus, adult human astrocytes are a promising tool for human CNS repair; they may make autologous ex vivo gene transfer feasible, thereby avoiding the problems of immunological rejection and the side effects of immunosuppressors.
Clinical Evaluation of Gemcitabine in Dogs with Spontaneously Occurring Malignancies (2005)

We conducted a clinical evaluation of gemcitabine in 19 dogs with spontaneously occurring malignancies. The principal objectives of this study were to characterize toxicity and seek preliminary evidence of antitumor activity of gemcitabine administered every 2 weeks (biweekly) as a 30-minute IV infusion. A total of 64 doses, ranging from 300 mg/m2 to 675 mg/m2, were administered during the initial 8-week evaluation period, and an additional 131 doses were administered during the extended evaluation period. The total cumulative dose for the 10 dogs receiving gemcitabine in the extended evaluation period ranged from 1,500 mg/m2 to 24,300 mg/m2. Clinical evidence of toxicity was minimal. Cumulative myelosuppression was not apparent. Unexplained retinal hemorrhages occurred in 1 dog. No complete or partial remissions were observed during the initial evaluation period; however, objective responses were observed in 2 dogs during the extended evaluation period. Gemcitabine is a promising new chemotherapeutic agent that can be used safely in dogs with cancer. Biweekly administration of doses of 675 mg/m2 IV results in minimal and acceptable toxicity.
Enteroviral Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes: The Role of Natural Killer Cells (2020)

Enteroviruses, especially group B coxsackieviruses (CV-B), have been associated with the development of chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). The pathological mechanisms that trigger virus-induced autoimmunity against islet antigens in T1D are not fully elucidated. Animal and human studies suggest that NK cells response to CV-B infection play a crucial role in the enteroviral pathogenesis of T1D. Indeed, CV-B-infected cells can escape from cytotoxic T cells recognition and destruction by inhibition of cell surface expression of HLA class I antigen through non-structural viral proteins, but they can nevertheless be killed by NK cells. Cytolytic activity of NK cells towards pancreatic beta cells persistently-infected with CV-B has been reported and defective viral clearance by NK cells of patients with T1D has been suggested as a mechanism leading to persistence of CV-B and triggering autoimmunity reported in these patients. The knowledge about host antiviral defense against CV-B infection is not only crucial to understand the susceptibility to virus-induced T1D but could also contribute to the design of new preventive or therapeutic approaches for individuals at risk for T1D or newly diagnosed patients.
Comparison of toxicity and outcomes of concurrent radiotherapy with carboplatin/paclitaxel or cisplatin/etoposide in stage III non–small cell lung cancer (2013)

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) has become the standard of care for patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The comparative merits of two widely used regimens: carboplatin/paclitaxel (PC) and cisplatin/etoposide (PE), each with concurrent radiotherapy, remain largely undefined. Records for consecutive patients with stage III NSCLC treated with PC or PE and ≥60 Gy chest radiotherapy between 2000 and 2011 were reviewed for outcomes and toxicity. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox modeling with the Wald test. Comparison across groups was done using the student's t and chi-squared tests. Seventy-five (PC: 44, PE: 31) patients were analyzed. PC patients were older (median 71 vs. 63 years; P = 0.0006). Other characteristics were comparable between groups. With PE, there was significantly increased grade ≥3 neutropenia (39% vs. 14%, P = 0.024) and thrombocytopenia (10% vs. 0%, P = 0.039). Radiation pneumonitis was more common with PC (66% vs. 38%, P = 0.033). Five treatment-related deaths occurred (PC: 3 vs. PE: 2, P = 1.000). With a median follow-up of 51.6 months, there were no significant differences in relapse-free survival (median PC 12.0 vs. PE 11.5 months, P = 0.700) or overall survival (median PC 20.7 vs. PE 13.7 months; P = 0.989). In multivariate analyses, no factors predicted for improved survival for either regimen. PC was more likely to be used in elderly patients. Despite this, PC resulted in significantly less hematological toxicity but achieved similar survival outcomes as PE. PC is an acceptable CCRT regimen, especially in older patients with multiple comorbidities.
Evaluation of silicon nitride as a wear resistant and resorbable alternative for total hip joint replacement (2012)

Many of the failures of total joint replacements are related to tribology, i.e., wear of the cup, head and liner. Accumulation of wear particles at the implants can be linked to osteolysis which leads to bone loss and in the end aseptic implant loosening. Therefore it is highly desirable to reduce the generation of wear particles from the implant surfaces. Silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) has shown to be biocompatible and have a low wear rate when sliding against itself and is therefore a good candidate as a hip joint material. Furthermore, wear particles of Si(3)N(4) are predicted to slowly dissolve in polar liquids and they therefore have the potential to be resorbed in vivo, potentially reducing the risk for aseptic loosening. In this study, it was shown that α-Si(3)N(4)-powder dissolves in PBS. Adsorption of blood plasma indicated a good acceptance of Si(3)N(4) in the body with relatively low immune response. Si(3)N(4) sliding against Si(3)N(4) showed low wear rates both in bovine serum and PBS compared with the other tested wear couples. Tribofilms were built up on the Si(3)N(4) surfaces both in PBS and in bovine serum, controlling the friction and wear characteristics.
Pharmacological profile of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptors regulating 5‐hydroxytryptamine release in the mouse neocortex (2004)

A synaptosomal preparation was employed to pharmacologically characterize the role of presynaptic nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptors (NOP receptors) in the regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine release in the Swiss mouse neocortex. In the present study, the NOP receptor ligands N/OFQ, Ac-RYYRWK-NH(2) and [Phe(1)psi(CH(2)-NH)Gly(2)]N/OFQ(1-13)-NH(2) inhibited the K(+)-induced [(3)H]-5-HT overflow with similar maximal effects ( approximately -35%) but different potencies (pEC(50) of 8.56, 8.35 and 7.23, respectively). The novel agonist [Arg(14),Lys(15)]N/OFQ also inhibited [(3)H]-5-HT overflow, but the concentration-response curve was biphasic and the efficacy higher ( approximately -45%). Receptor selectivity of NOP receptor agonists was demonstrated by showing that synaptosomes from NOP receptor knockout mice were unresponsive to N/OFQ, [Arg(14),Lys(15)]N/OFQ and [Phe(1)psi(CH(2)-NH)Gly(2)]N/OFQ(1-13)-NH(2) but maintained full responsiveness to endomorphin-1. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of N/OFQ was prevented by peptide ([Nphe(1)]N/OFQ(1-13)-NH(2) and UFP-101) and nonpeptide (J-113397 and JTC-801) NOP receptor selective antagonists. Desensitization occurred under perfusion with high (3 and 10 microm) N/OFQ concentrations. This phenomenon was prevented by the protein kinase C inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide. Moreover, N/OFQ-induced desensitization did not affect mu opioid receptor responsiveness. Finally, it was observed in a similar preparation of rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes, although it was induced by higher N/OFQ concentrations than that used in the mouse. Together, these findings indicate that presynaptic NOP receptors inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine release in the mouse neocortex. Based on present and previous studies, we conclude that NOP receptors in the mouse are subtly different from the homologous receptor population in the rat, strengthening the view that there exist species differences in the pharmacology of central NOP receptors.
Personalized Cinemagraphs using Semantic Understanding and Collaborative\n Learning (2017)

Cinemagraphs are a compelling way to convey dynamic aspects of a scene. In\nthese media, dynamic and still elements are juxtaposed to create an artistic\nand narrative experience. Creating a high-quality, aesthetically pleasing\ncinemagraph requires isolating objects in a semantically meaningful way and\nthen selecting good start times and looping periods for those objects to\nminimize visual artifacts (such a tearing). To achieve this, we present a new\ntechnique that uses object recognition and semantic segmentation as part of an\noptimization method to automatically create cinemagraphs from videos that are\nboth visually appealing and semantically meaningful. Given a scene with\nmultiple objects, there are many cinemagraphs one could create. Our method\nevaluates these multiple candidates and presents the best one, as determined by\na model trained to predict human preferences in a collaborative way. We\ndemonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with multiple results and a user\nstudy.\n
Highly Ordered Complex Framework Materials (CFMs) As Sulfur Hosts for Li-S Batteries (2016)

In recent years, there is a near exponential increase in the number of plug – in hybrid vehicles and portable energy storage devices. This results in an increased demand for portable energy storage devices with greater efficiency. The commercial Li – ion batteries based on lithiation chemistry has a maximum theoretical capacity of 372 mAh/g could not meet this ever increasing demand. Thus the need of the hour is to find new materials and hybrids with improved energy storage capacity. Sulfur with a theoretical specific capacity of 1672 mAh/g 1 , 2 is a promising candidate for high energy density lithium batteries. Sulfur being one of the abundant elements on the Earth’s crust adds advantages as a low cost and environmentally benign promising technology 3 . Despite these advantages, sulfur has very low conductivity (- 10-30 S/cm) which restricts the complete utilization of the active material. Sulfur forms non – intercalation based polysulfide intermediates (Li 2 S n ; n = 2 – 8) 4 which are soluble in liquid electrolyte resulting in active material loss. In addition, the dissolved polysulfide gets coated onto the anode resulting in cell failure. These problems prevents the technology from being commercialized. Utilizing mesoporous 5 and hollow carbonaceous materials 6 , 7 as sulfur hosts has shown to reduce polysulfide dissolution by avoiding direct contact with the liquid electrolyte. However, the pore size of these materials are in the order of µm and hence the problem of polysulfide dissolution has not been completely addressed. Porous materials with pore size comparable or less than the size of the polysulfide is required to completely overcome this problem. In this work, highly ordered complex framework materials (CFM) were used as hosts for sulfur. These nano porous hosts trap the polysulfides formed during lithiation of sulfur and thus prevent active material loss with cycling. Two variants of the host were synthesized at room temperature and sulfur was infiltrated into them using infiltration techniques. These sulfur impregnated CFM cathodes showed a stable electrochemical performance with an initial discharge capacity of 1476 mAh/g which stabilized at 609 mAh/g for over 200 cycles ( Figure 1 ). Results of these studies are presented and discussed. References 1. J. R. Akridge, Y. V. Mikhaylik and N. White, Solid State Ionics , 2004, 175 , 243-245. 2. X. Ji and L. F. Nazar, Journal of Materials Chemistry , 2010, 20 , 9821-9826. 3. G. C. Li, J. J. Hu, G. R. Li, S. H. Ye and X. P. Gao, Journal of Power Sources , 2013, 240 , 598-605. 4. C.-N. Lin, W.-C. Chen, Y.-F. Song, C.-C. Wang, L.-D. Tsai and N.-L. Wu, Journal of Power Sources , 2014, 263 , 98-103. 5. S.-R. Chen, Y.-P. Zhai, G.-L. Xu, Y.-X. Jiang, D.-Y. Zhao, J.-T. Li, L. Huang and S.-G. Sun, Electrochimica Acta , 2011, 56 , 9549-9555. 6. W. Ahn, K.-B. Kim, K.-N. Jung, K.-H. Shin and C.-S. Jin, Journal of Power Sources , 2012, 202 , 394-399. 7. J. Guo, Y. Xu and C. Wang, Nano Letters , 2011, 11 , 4288-4294. Figure 1
Interplay of cavity thickness and metal absorption in thin-film InGaN photonic crystal light-emitting diodes (2010)

Thin-film InGaN photonic crystal (PhC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a total semiconductor thickness of either 800 nm or 3.45 μm were fabricated and characterized. Increased directional radiance relative to Lambertian emission was observed for both cases. The 800-nm-thick PhC LEDs yielded only a slight improvement in total light output over the 3.45-μm-thick PhC LEDs. Simulations indicate that, except for ultrathin devices well below 800 nm, the balance between PhC extraction and metal absorption at the backside mirror results in modal extraction efficiencies that are almost independent of device thickness, but highly dependent on mirror reflectivity.
Electric propulsion of spacecraft (2022)

The electrification of spacecraft could significantly extend the useful life of billion-dollar missions in outer space.
Design space exploration of throughput-optimized arrays from recurrence abstractions (abstract only) (2010)

Many compute-bound software applications have seen order-of-magnitude speedups using application-specific accelerators built on specialized architectures such as field-programmable gate arrays. These architectures are particularly good at implementing systems of recurrence equations realized as systolic arrays. We pursue high-level synthesis tools for recurrence equations that can search the space of possible parallel array designs to optimize various design criteria. Most existing approaches produce an array that is latency-space optimal. We target applications that operate on a large collection of small inputs, e.g. a database of biological sequences. For these applications, overall throughput, rather than latency per input, is the most important measure of performance.
A systematic method to design broadband matching networks (2010)

Abstract—The narrow bandwidth (BW) associated to small antennas featured by a high quality factor (Q) can be enhanced by the addition of a matching network. However, the impedance matching is a difficult and time-consuming process since it depends on the ability of the designer for selecting that suitable matching architecture that achieves the best trade-off between BW, complexity and implementation. In this paper, a systematic method for broadening the BW of handset antennas is proposed. The method is focused on those antennas whose input impedance near the first resonance can be modeled as an RLC series circuit. In order to develop the proposal, a mathematical analysis is carried out using a simple electrical model and the theoretical results are validated through simulations and by an experimental process. As a result, a systematic method for designing matching networks with a good balance between complexity and BW enhancement is obtained. Thus, the method described herein ensures one half of Fano’s limit BW increment through a simple and methodic matching design. I.
Structure–Activity Studies of Diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-Substituted Pyrazines and Pyridines as Potent α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligands (2011)

A series of diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane substituted pyridines and pyrazines was synthesized and characterized at the α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). The compounds were designed to mimic the profile of ABT-089, high affinity binding ligand for the α4β2 nAChR, with limited agonist activity. Carboxamide derivatives of 3-(diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane)-substituted pyridines or 2-(diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane)-substituted pyrazines were found to have the desired binding and activity profile. The structure-activity relationship of these compounds is presented.
Effect of Particle Size Distribution on Performance of Copolymer Polyols (2020)

Model poly(styrene-acrylonitrile) (SAN) dispersions were prepared in ethylene oxide-capped polyether triols by two different methods, and evaluated in a high solids, high resilience (HR) molded foam formulation. The first preparation method involved blending of two nearly monodisperse dispersions of different average particle size. The second method involved preparation of a polydisperse dispersion, and fractionating particles of various sizes by ultracentrifugation, thus eliminating process chemistry as a variable. However, while the particle size distribution of the centrifuged dispersions varied significantly, the method did not cleanly isolate large and small particles. Foam tightness was measured using a force to crush test. A standard set of physical properties was also measured. Foam tightness strongly correlated with the particle size distribution, and specifically with the relative number of large (&gt; 5 pm) particles. Dispersions containing predominately small particles produced relatively open foam (low force to crush), while even a relatively small proportion (&lt; 20 vol. % of solids population) of large particles resulted in significantly tighter foam (high force to crush). Tear, elongation and compression sets of foams prepared with the blended dispersions correlated directly with the blend composition, while hardness varied only slightly with the particle size distribution. Only slight variations of foam physical properties with particle size distribution were found using the centrifuged dispersions.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Alcohol Use Disorder: Physiology, Plasticity, and Promising Pharmacotherapies (2018)

Developing efficacious treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) has proven difficult. The insidious nature of the disease necessitates a deep understanding of its underlying biology as well as innovative approaches to ameliorate ethanol-related pathophysiology. Excessive ethanol seeking and relapse are generated by long-term changes to membrane properties, synaptic physiology, and plasticity throughout the limbic system and associated brain structures. Each of these factors can be modulated by metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, a diverse set of G protein-coupled receptors highly expressed throughout the central nervous system. Here, we discuss how different components of the mGlu receptor family modulate neurotransmission in the limbic system and other brain regions involved in AUD etiology. We then describe how these processes are dysregulated following ethanol exposure and speculate about how mGlu receptor modulation might restore such pathophysiological changes. To that end, we detail the current understanding of the behavioral pharmacology of mGlu receptor-directed drug-like molecules in animal models of AUD. Together, this review highlights the prominent position of the mGlu receptor system in the pathophysiology of AUD and provides encouragement that several classes of mGlu receptor modulators may be translated as viable treatment options.
The Draft Genome and Transcriptome of Panagrellus redivivus Are Shaped by the Harsh Demands of a Free-Living Lifestyle (2013)

Nematodes compose an abundant and diverse invertebrate phylum with members inhabiting nearly every ecological niche. Panagrellus redivivus (the "microworm") is a free-living nematode frequently used to understand the evolution of developmental and behavioral processes given its phylogenetic distance to Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we report the de novo sequencing of the genome, transcriptome, and small RNAs of P. redivivus. Using a combination of automated gene finders and RNA-seq data, we predict 24,249 genes and 32,676 transcripts. Small RNA analysis revealed 248 microRNA (miRNA) hairpins, of which 63 had orthologs in other species. Fourteen miRNA clusters containing 42 miRNA precursors were found. The RNA interference, dauer development, and programmed cell death pathways are largely conserved. Analysis of protein family domain abundance revealed that P. redivivus has experienced a striking expansion of BTB domain-containing proteins and an unprecedented expansion of the cullin scaffold family of proteins involved in multi-subunit ubiquitin ligases, suggesting proteolytic plasticity and/or tighter regulation of protein turnover. The eukaryotic release factor protein family has also been dramatically expanded and suggests an ongoing evolutionary arms race with viruses and transposons. The P. redivivus genome provides a resource to advance our understanding of nematode evolution and biology and to further elucidate the genomic architecture leading to free-living lineages, taking advantage of the many fascinating features of this worm revealed by comparative studies.
Stereomeric resolution and modeling ofdl-alanine-dl-phenyl alanine dipeptide on an AmyCoat-RP column (2019)

Stereomeric resolution and docking studies of four stereomers of<sc>dl</sc>-alanine-<sc>dl</sc>-phenyl alanine dipeptide were performed with an AmyCoat-RP column.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Activity Studies of Conformationally Restricted α‐Ketoamide Factor Xa Inhibitors. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.