gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impactmeting Pronkjewail 2018 (2018)

Dit boekje is het resultaat van een bijzondere impactmeting die op 8 mei 2018 heeft plaatsgevonden. De initiatiefnemers en deelnemers van de eerste serie Pronkjewail projecten waren uitgenodigd om met elkaar hun projecten te evalueren. Daarvoor waren vijf visuele activiteiten ontwikkeld. Deze vonden plaats rondom zogenaamde conversation pieces die zo heten omdat ze ons niet alleen van belangrijke inzichten voorzien maar omdat ze ook aanleiding geven voor veel gesprekken tussen de deelnemers. Impact meten, werd impact creëren. Wij hopen dat ook onze duiding in dit boekje hieraan bij kan dragen.
Biological sources of reduced oxygen species (1995)

This paper reviews the various enzymatic sources of superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, and their localization within the cell. In the first part, we will consider electron transfer reactions directly from a biological macromolecule (essentially reductases) to oxygen. In the second part, we will consider reactions during which electrons are transferred from the reductase to oxygen via a small molecule which behaves as a substrate of the enzymatic system.
Pseudo-IoU: Improving Label Assignment in Anchor-Free Object Detection (2021)

Current anchor-free object detectors are quite simple and effective yet lack accurate label assignment methods, which limits their potential in competing with classic anchor-based models that are supported by well-designed assignment methods based on the Intersection-over-Union (IoU) metric. In this paper, we present Pseudo-Intersection-over-Union (Pseudo-IoU): a simple metric that brings more standardized and accurate assignment rule into anchor-free object detection frameworks without any additional computational cost or extra parameters for training and testing, making it possible to further improve anchor-free object detection by utilizing training samples of good quality under effective assignment rules that have been previously applied in anchor-based methods. By incorporating Pseudo-IoU metric into an end-to-end single-stage anchor-free object detection framework, we observe consistent improvements in their performance on general object detection benchmarks such as PASCAL VOC and MSCOCO. Our method (single-model and single-scale) also achieves comparable performance to other recent state-of-the-art anchor-free methods without bells and whistles. Our code is based on mmdetection toolbox and will be made publicly available at https://github.com/SHI-Labs/Pseudo-IoU-for-Anchor-Free-Object-Detection.
Immune response and protective profile elicited by a multi-epitope chimeric protein derived from Leptospira interrogans (2017)

Although a complete characterization of the immune response elicited by rChi/adjuvant in hamsters is required, it is believed that the construction of chimeric genes is an important attempt towards the generation of an effective vaccine against leptospirosis.
Focus-variation image reconstruction in field-emission TEM (1993)

The use of a field emission gun (FEG) in high resolution TEM (HRTEM) improves the information limit much below the point resolution. This is due to the FEG’s high brightness and low energy spread which yield a very good coherence. In the area between point and information resolution of the FEG-TEM, image interpretation is complicated by the lens aberrations and focus effects, which cause scrambling of the information from the specimen. This problem is solved by ‘holographic’ techniques, which retrieve aberration-corrected amplitude and phase information of the electron wave ϕ at the exit plane of the specimen. We follow the route of ‘in-column’ or ‘nonlinear’ holography by digital processing of a focal series of HRTEM images. Different reconstruction algorithms can be used for that purpose depending on the assumptions that are made in the HRTEM imaging model. We have devised two workable algorithms. A first method, called the “paraboloid method” (PAM), aims at filtering out recursively the nonlinear contributions in the images, so that high-speed linear reconstruction can be applied.
P3 α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in vascular cells during normoxia and hypoxia (2019)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) has been previously shown to have an essential role in angiogenesis<sup>1</sup>. A number of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers, such as<sup>18</sup>F-NS14490<sup>2</sup>, are now available for the non-invasive imaging of α7nAChR. This highly sensitive imaging approach has the potential to be a powerful tool to study the angiogenic process in a number of pathologies. However, as part of the validation of this target for angiogenesis, a better understanding of the α7nAChR in vascular cells under angiogenic conditions is needed. <h3>Objective</h3> This study aims to investigate the<i> in vitro</i> expression of α7nAChR in human vascular-associated cells under angiogenic conditions in order to evaluate its suitability as a marker for angiogenesis. <h3>Methods</h3> Various human cell types were cultured, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial cells (HUVEC), THP-1 derived Macrophages (PMA stimulated for 72 hour), Human Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial cells (CMVEC), Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle cells (CVSMC). Sub-confluent cultures were exposed to hypoxia (1% O<sub>2</sub>) over a time course (0–16 hours). The protein content of lysed cells was quantified by spectrophotometry before western blotting was carried out to assess α7nAChR expression relative to GAPDH using the Licor system of detection. α7nAChR expression was assessed in the treatment groups vs. a basal control, which for endothelial and smooth muscle cells was normoxic, non-proliferating confluent cultures, and for the macrophage was a normoxic culture. <h3>Results</h3> HUVEC demonstrated a significant increase in α7nAChR expression under proliferation and hypoxia, with α7nAChR expression peaking at 2 hours post hypoxia (p&lt;0.005 Kruskal-Wallis with post-hoc Dunn’s vs Basal). A similar trend was seen in the CMVEC, showing the highest expression at 2 hour post hypoxia, although this did not reach statistical significance. The macrophages showed the highest α7nAChR expression compared to the other cell types, but had no hypoxia-driven response. CVSMC had the lowest expression of α7nAChR in the cell types tested, and displayed no hypoxia-driven change in response. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study demonstrates that all investigated cells expressed α7nAChR, with the highest expression found in macrophages, followed by endothelial cells, and then CVSMC. Importantly, only the endothelial cells exhibited a hypoxia-driven increase in α7nAChR expression. The results of this study suggest that α7nAChR may be a useful marker of angiogenesis, warranting further investigation. <h3>References</h3> Heeschen, C. et al. (2002). J Clin Investig. 110(4):527–536. Rötering, S. et al. (2013). Bioorganic Med Chem. 21(9):2635–2642.
Th17-inducing autologous dendritic cell vaccination promotes antigen-specific cellular and humoral immunity in ovarian cancer patients (2020)

In ovarian cancer (OC), IL-17-producing T cells (Th17s) predict improved survival, whereas regulatory T cells predict poorer survival. We previously developed a vaccine whereby patient-derived dendritic cells (DCs) are programmed to induce Th17 responses to the OC antigen folate receptor alpha (FRα). Here we report the results of a single-arm open-label phase I clinical trial designed to determine vaccine safety and tolerability (primary outcomes) and recurrence-free survival (secondary outcome). Immunogenicity is also evaluated. Recruitment is complete with a total of 19 Stage IIIC-IV OC patients in first remission after conventional therapy. DCs are generated using our Th17-inducing protocol and are pulsed with HLA class II epitopes from FRα. Mature antigen-loaded DCs are injected intradermally. All patients have completed study-related interventions. No grade 3 or higher adverse events are seen. Vaccination results in the development of Th1, Th17, and antibody responses to FRα in the majority of patients. Th1 and antibody responses are associated with prolonged recurrence-free survival. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity against FRα is also associated with prolonged RFS. Of 18 patients evaluable for efficacy, 39% (7/18) remain recurrence-free at the time of data censoring, with a median follow-up of 49.2 months. Thus, vaccination with Th17-inducing FRα-loaded DCs is safe, induces antigen-specific immunity, and is associated with prolonged remission.
Sex Hormones and Prostate Cancer (2019)

The prostate is an androgen-dependent organ that develops only in male mammals. Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Metastatic prostate cancer initially retains its androgen dependence, and androgen-deprivation therapy often leads to disease control; however, the cancer inevitably progresses despite treatment as castration-resistant prostate cancer, the lethal form of the disease. Although it was assumed that the cancer became androgen independent during this transition, studies over the last two decades have shown that these tumors evade treatment via mechanisms that augment acquisition of androgens from circulating precursors, increase sensitivity to androgens and androgen precursors, bypass the androgen receptor, or a combination of these mechanisms. This review summarizes the history of prostate cancer research leading to the contemporary view of androgen dependence for prostate cancers and the current treatment approaches based on this modern paradigm.
Fault residuals for compact disc players based on redundant and non-linear sensors (2004)

In the process of achieving good performance of compact disc players it is important to handle surface defects as well as possible. The first prerequisite for handling these defects is to detect their beginnings and ends. Two servo loops are formed to keep the optical pick-up focused on, and radially tracked at the information track on the compact disc. The pick-up feeds the controllers with sensor signals, and some signals for defect detection. However, due to optical cross couplings detection based on these signals can at times give false or no detections. A method to estimate fault residuals is designed in such a way that the cross couplings are removed. This is done based on a model of the optical system, from the physical focus and radial distances to the four detector signals. Combining this model with a fault model, enable us to solve an inverse function to find the distances, as it would have been if no faults had occurred. Two different approaches are pursued in this paper. Both are based on the Newton-Raphson method. Both methods solve the respective inverse problems.
Acoustic-Wave-Lumped-Element-Resonator Filters With Equi-Ripple Absorptive Stopbands (2016)

Acoustic-wave-lumped-element-resonator (AWLR)-based absorptive bandstop filters (ABSFs) with enlarged-bandwidth (BW) equi-ripple stopbands are presented. They are based on reflection-type architectures whose reflective loads are shaped by N identical series-cascaded AWLRs and N static impedance inverters each. In this manner, equi-ripple stopbands whose BW is no longer limited by the electromechanical coupling coefficient (k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) of the acoustic-wave (AW) resonator are obtained through the distribution of 2N transmission zeros (TZs). In contrast to conventional ABSF cascades, fewer inverters and identical AW resonators are employed. This results in benefits in terms of lower insertion loss (IL), reduced size, and higher fabrication robustness. A continuous-type tunable-isolation (IS) and BW-control mechanism by means of variable resonator resistance is reported as a novel contribution. Two-, four-, and six-TZ 418 MHz AWLR-based ABSF prototypes with low passband IL (0.96-1.14 dB), large levels of IS (up to 70 dB), and stopband BWs in the range of 0.03-0.11 MHz were manufactured and characterized as proof-of-concept demonstrators. Reconfigurable prototypes with variable levels of IS between 17-65 dB and BW tuning ratio of 1.33:1 were also measured.
2P2-B10 Calibration Method of Image Coordinates for Setting Error of Camera (2008)

In recent years, the robot which can operate in place of a person is needed in a factory. Therefore, in this research camera is way for a robot system. In this paper, a calibration method of image coordinates is presented. Heretofore, in conversion process from image coordinates to three dimensional location, stereo cameras must be parallel. However, in this time there are errors of camera setting, parallel setting of stereo camera is difficult. And so, we propose a calibration method of image coordinates for setting error of camera. At first, we will develop a calibration method for convergence angle of cameras. We need determination of baseline direction and convergence angle of two camera in order that we use this method. Then, we try method of determination of baseline direction and convergence angle of two cameras with landmark. Availability of this method comes out by experiments.
A framework for application guidance in virtual memory systems (2013)

This paper proposes a collaborative approach in which applications can provide guidance to the operating system regarding allocation and recycling of physical memory. The operating system incorporates this guidance to decide which physical page should be used to back a particular virtual page. The key intuition behind this approach is that application software, as a generator of memory accesses, is best equipped to inform the operating system about the relative access rates and overlapping patterns of usage of its own address space. It is also capable of steering its own algorithms in order to keep its dynamic memory footprint under check when there is a need to reduce power or to contain the spillover effects from bursts in demand. Application software, working cooperatively with the operating system, can therefore help the latter schedule memory more effectively and efficiently than when the operating system is forced to act alone without such guidance. It is particularly difficult to achieve power efficiency without application guidance since power expended in memory is a function not merely of the intensity with which memory is accessed in time but also how many physical ranks are affected by an application's memory usage. Our framework introduces an abstraction called "colors" for the application to communicate its intent to the operating system. We modify the operating system to receive this communication in an efficient way, and to organize physical memory pages into intermediate level grouping structures called "trays" which capture the physically independent access channels and self-refresh domains, so that it can apply this guidance without entangling the application in lower level details of power or bandwidth management. This paper describes how we re-architect the memory management of a recent Linux kernel to realize a three way collaboration between hardware, supervisory software, and application tasks.
Serum HBV RNA Dynamic and Drug Withdrawal Predictor Value in Patients With Chronic HBV Infection on Long-term Nucleos(t)ide Analogue (NA) Therapy (2020)

In the long-term antiviral process, both serum HBV RNA and DNA levels declined significantly. EOT serum HBV RNA negativity was not an independent drug withdrawal marker, but can complement the HBsAg titer to monitor drug withdrawal in CHB patients on long-term NA therapy.
Long-term thermal stability tests at 1000 degree C of silica fiber Bragg grating made with ultrafast laser radiation (2005)

Using an ultrafast Ti:sapphire IR laser and a phase mask, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with high thermal stability were fabricated in SMF-28 fiber for sensor applications and were subjected to long annealing tests at 1000 °C. FBGs that maintained more then 99.95 % reflectivity after several hundred hours at this temperature are demonstrated. The gratings perform well in cycling experiments up to 1000 °C and hysteresis in the wavelength response was not detected. The capability of this new type of FBG to be used for high temperature sensors is briefly discussed.
Indoor 5G 3GPP-like channel models for office and shopping mall environments (2016)

Future mobile communications systems are likely to be very different to those of today with new service innovations driven by increasing data traffic demand, increasing processing power of smart devices and new innovative applications. To meet these service demands the telecommunications industry is converging on a common set of 5G requirements which includes network speeds as high as 10 Gbps, cell edge rate greater than 100 Mbps, and latency of less than 1 msec. To reach these 5G requirements the industry is looking at new spectrum bands in the range up to 100 GHz where there is spectrum availability for wide bandwidth channels. For the development of new 5G systems to operate in bands up to 100 GHz there is a need for accurate radio propagation models which are not addressed by existing channel models developed for bands below 6 GHz. This paper presents a preliminary overview of the 5G channel models for bands up to 100 GHz in indoor offices and shopping malls, derived from extensive measurements across a multitude of bands. These studies have found some extensibility of the existing 3GPP models (e.g. 3GPP TR36.873) to the higher frequency bands up to 100 GHz. The measurements indicate that the smaller wavelengths introduce an increased sensitivity of the propagation models to the scale of the environment and show some frequency dependence of the path loss as well as increased occurrence of blockage. Further, the penetration loss is highly dependent on the material and tends to increase with frequency. The small-scale characteristics of the channel such as delay spread and angular spread and the multipath richness is somewhat similar over the frequency range, which is encouraging for extending the existing 3GPP models to the wider frequency range. Further work will be carried out to complete these models, but this paper presents the first steps for an initial basis for the model development.
Abstract 9768: Cr(nMe)eka-Conjugated Micellar Formulation Improves Anticoagulation Efficacy of Bivalirudin (2014)

Anticoagulant therapies are the primary treatment modalities for preventing and treating thrombosis. However, high rate of bleeding complications is a serious side effect of anticoagulant therapies, which compromised their applications. Bivalirudin is an oligopeptide anticoagulant that has the advantage of not causing thrombocytopenia and exhibits lower potential for bleeding risk compared to heparin. Nevertheless, hemorrhage is still the most common complication. And there is no effective antidote for bivalirudin. We report here a strategy to deliver bivalirudin specifically to the site of clotting area, and thereby reduce the bleeding risk. The site-specific delivery of bivalirudin was achieved with micellar nanocarriers which has a thrombosis-targeting peptide CR(Nme)EKA. These peptide-conjugated micellar nanocomplexes are highly dispersed and stable in aqueous solution with an average size of 30 nm. The anticoagulant activity of bivalirudin was well remained after it was incorporated into the micelles. These micellar nanocomplexes specifically accumulated in the site of clotting in mice lung thrombosis. Moreover, the micellar formulation significantly prolonged the half-life and increased the bioavailability of bivalirudin. Most importantly, this effective formulation significantly improved the anticoagulant activity of bivalirudin, when tested in both thromboplastin-induced lung thrombosis mouse model and ferric chloride (FeCl3)-induced carotid artery thrombosis mouse model. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the micellar nanocomplexes specifically target thrombi, deliver bivalirudin directly into site of clotting and exhibit improved antithrombotic activity over free bivalirudin. This strategy may improve the safety and efficacy of bivalirudin in clinical use.
Comparative Molecular Field Analysis of Dopamine D4 Receptor Antagonists Including 3-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine (FAUC 113), 3-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (L-745,870), and Clozapine (2001)

A CoMFA study was undertaken to elucidate the correlation of biological activity and structural parameters of 25 dopamine D4 antagonists. A special point of interest is that we have included the atypical D4 antagonist clozapine as a structural template for all other compounds. After comparing potential protonation sites at semiempirical (AM1) and ab initio (6-31G(d)) levels of theory, possible conformations of the lead compound 3-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine (FAUC 113) were investigated by systematic semiempirical conformational analysis. The final conformation of FAUC 113, which was used as a template for the other compounds in the dataset, was chosen by clustering and rigid body alignment of all conformations to clozapine. The CoMFA applied on the final alignment resulted in a q2cv of 0.739. To elucidate the influence of the absolute orientation of the molecules within the grid space, the entire dataset was systematically rotated (1296 steps) within the lattice. The Gaussian-shaped distribution of the q2cv values spanned the range of 0.699-0.794 and therefore supports the significance of the analysis.
Scene Uncertainty and the Wellington Posterior of Deterministic Image Classifiers (2021)

We propose a method to estimate the uncertainty of the outcome of an image classifier on a given input datum. Deep neural networks commonly used for image classification are deterministic maps from an input image to an output class. As such, their outcome on a given datum involves no uncertainty, so we must specify what variability we are referring to when defining, measuring and interpreting uncertainty, and attributing "confidence" to the outcome. To this end, we introduce the Wellington Posterior, which is the distribution of outcomes that would have been obtained in response to data that could have been generated by the same scene that produced the given image. Since there are infinitely many scenes that could have generated any given image, the Wellington Posterior involves inductive transfer from scenes other than the one portrayed. We explore the use of data augmentation, dropout, ensembling, single-view reconstruction, and model linearization to compute a Wellington Posterior. Additional methods include the use of conditional generative models such as generative adversarial networks, neural radiance fields, and conditional prior networks. We test these methods against the empirical posterior obtained by performing inference on multiple images of the same underlying scene. These developments are only a small step towards assessing the reliability of deep network classifiers in a manner that is compatible with safety-critical applications and human interpretation.