gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Sonochemically Prepared Unsupported and Silica-Supported Nanostructured Pentavalent Molybdenum Oxide (1997)

We describe the preparation and characterization of unusual pentavalent molybdenum oxide stabilized by water molecules, Mo2O5·2H2O. Ultrasound irradiation of a slurry of molybdenum hexacarbonyl, Mo(CO)6, in Decalin for 3 h under ambient air yields blue-colored Mo2O5·2H2O. Infrared (FT-IR) spectrum analysis of the resulting blue product reveals that the Mo ions possess molybdenyl bonds (MoO) and Mo−O character and also shows the presence of hydrogen-bonded, as well as coordinated, water molecules. The DSC profile of the blue oxide shows the presence of two endothermic peaks at around 100 °C and 140 °C, corresponding to the elimination of hydrogen-bonded and coordinated water molecules, respectively. The amount of water molecules was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Characterization using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) shows the amorphous nature of the blue product. The TEM picture shows that the blue oxide is composed of spongy platelet nanoparticles (∼20 nm). Heating the initial blue powder at 300 °C for 2 days under an oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen atmosphere yields X-ray crystalline MoO3, MoO2, and a mixture of MoO3 and MoO2, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), along with the potentiometric titration analysis of the blue oxide, confirms the formation of pentavalent molybdenum oxide. UV−visible absorption studies of the blue product demonstrate that the characteristic absorption of the Mo(V) (d1-cation) oxide system and the Mo ions probably consists of two types of coordination symmetry (Td and Oh). Electron spin resonance (ESR) experimental results revealed an unusual doublet pattern, which is ascribed to superhyperfine coupling of pentavalent molybdenum with a proton of coordinated water. The nanostructured amorphous pentavalent molybdenum oxide (blue oxide) thus formed has also been successfully deposited on Stober's silica micropheres (250 nm) ultrasonically. The TEM images of silica-supported blue oxide reveal uniform distribution and strong adhering nature of the blue oxide. FT-IR spectroscopy illustrated the structural changes that occur when the amorphous SiO2 is coated sonochemically with the blue oxide.
Exploiting Unlabeled Data with Vision and Language Models for Object Detection (2022)

Building robust and generic object detection frameworks requires scaling to larger label spaces and bigger training datasets. However, it is prohibitively costly to acquire annotations for thousands of categories at a large scale. We propose a novel method that leverages the rich semantics available in recent vision and language models to localize and classify objects in unlabeled images, effectively generating pseudo labels for object detection. Starting with a generic and class-agnostic region proposal mechanism, we use vision and language models to categorize each region of an image into any object category that is required for downstream tasks. We demonstrate the value of the generated pseudo labels in two specific tasks, open-vocabulary detection, where a model needs to generalize to unseen object categories, and semi-supervised object detection, where additional unlabeled images can be used to improve the model. Our empirical evaluation shows the effectiveness of the pseudo labels in both tasks, where we outperform competitive baselines and achieve a novel state-of-the-art for open-vocabulary object detection. Our code is available at https://github.com/xiaofeng94/VL-PLM.
Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Nitroarenes Using Sodium Nitrite (2009)

Herein, a general palladium catalyst for the conversion of aromatic chlorides, triflates, and nonaflates into the corresponding nitro compounds using sodium nitrite is reported. The low solubility of NaNO2 in the solvent t-BuOH is overcome by using catalytic amounts of tris(3,6-dioxaheptyl)amine as phase-transfer catalyst.
A Simulator for the Performance Investigation of Nonideal Pseudo-Random Binary Coded Signals (2018)

Pseudo-random binary coded excitation signals are being increasingly used for electromagnetic network analysis. Various types of sequences with different correlation properties are available. Unfortunately, nonidealities of real measurement systems, like noise and nonlinearities, degrade the correlation functions. In this contribution a simulator is presented that takes several nonidealities into account. The impact of these nonidealities on two commonly used sequence types, the maximum length sequence (MLS) and the almost perfect autocorrelation sequence (APAS), on the achievable dynamic range (DR) are investigated. In the framework of the presented study, it was taken care that its results can be transferred into hardware requirements.
A systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the survivorship of total hip arthroplasty and hip resurfacing for avascular necrosis (2020)

Review question / Objective: 1.For patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head, is hip resurfacing arthroplasty a safer procedure than Total Hip Arthroplasty?2. For patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head, is hip resurfacing more cost-effective than total hip arthroplasty?3. Is revision surgery for patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head more successful following resurfacing than total hip arthroplasty?Rationale: Patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head are those young and active between 20 to 50 years of age, hip resurfacing arthroplasty is able to provide higher post-operative functional outcome and lower mortality rate than conventional total hip arthroplasty.
FABRICATION OF TITANIA DIELECTRICS FOR LINEAR ACCELERATORS (1950)

Phylogenetic analysis of 'Sarraceniospora aurea' NBRC 14752 and strain NBRC 15120, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that these organisms are related to members of the genus Actinocorallia. These organisms contained glutamic acid, alanine and meso-diaminopimelic acid as cell-wall amino acids and the menaquinones MK-9(H(4)), MK-9(H(6)) and MK-9(H(8)). The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the strains were consistent with those of the genus Actinocorallia. However, DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic characteristics revealed that the strains differed from the recognized species of the genus Actinocorallia. Therefore, we propose that 'Sarraceniospora aurea' NBRC 14752 and strain NBRC 15120 be reclassified in the genus Actinocorallia as a novel species, Actinocorallia aurea sp. nov. (type strain NBRC 14752(T)=DSM 44434(T)).
Overexpression of the FAD-binding domain of the sulphite reductase flavoprotein component from Escherichia coli and its inhibition by iodonium diphenyl chloride (1999)

SiR-FP43, the NADPH- and FAD-binding domain of the Escherichia coli sulphite reductase flavoprotein component (SiR-FP), has been overexpressed and characterized. It folds independently, retaining FAD as a cofactor and the catalytic properties associated with the presence of this cofactor. Iodonium diphenyl chloride (IDP) was shown to be a very efficient inhibitor of SiR-FP43 and SiR-FP60, the monomeric form of SiR-FP, containing both FMN and FAD as cofactors (K(i) = 18.5 +/- 5 microM, maximal inactivation rate = 0.053 +/- 0.005 s(-1)). In both cases, inactivation was shown to result from covalent binding of a phenyl group to FAD exclusively, in marked contrast with previous results obtained with cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), where FMN and a tryptophan were phenylated, but not FAD. However, our kinetic analyses are in agreement with the inhibition mechanism demonstrated with CPR [Tew (1993) Biochemistry 32, 10209-10215]. Nine different FAD phenylated adducts were isolated and, for the first time, two FAD phenylated adducts were identified directly after extraction from a protein. Taken together, our results have shown that flavoprotein inactivation by IDP is not a reliable indicator for a flavin radical intermediate in catalysis.
Improving TCP performance over wireless networks with collaborative multi-homed mobile hosts (2005)

Multi-homed mobile hosts situated in physical proximity may spontaneously team up to run high-bandwidth applications by pooling their low wireless wide-area network (WWAN) bandwidths together for communication with a remote application server and utilizing their high-bandwidth wireless local-area network (WLAN) in ad-hoc mode for aggregation and distribution of application contents among the participating mobile hosts. In this paper, we first describe the need for such a mobile collaborative community, or a community, in which multi-homed mobile hosts exploit the diversity of WWAN connections to improve a user-perceived bandwidth and network utilization. Then, we show that existing one-to-one communication protocols like TCP suffer significant performance degradation due to frequent packet reordering and heterogeneity of WWAN links in the community.To address the above TCP problem, we propose a proxy-based inverse multiplexer, called PRISM, that enables TCP to efficiently utilize the community members' WWAN connections. PRISM runs at a proxy's network layer as a routing component and stripes each TCP flow over multiple WWAN links by exploiting the transport-layer feedback information. Moreover, it masks variety of adverse effects specific to each WWAN link via intelligent ACK-control mechanism. Finally, PRISM includes a sender-side enhancement of congestion control, enabling TCP to respond correctly to dynamically-changing network states.We have evaluated the PRISM protocol using both experimentation and ns-2-based simulation. Our experimental evaluation has shown PRISM to improve TCP's performance by up to 310% even with two collaborative mobile hosts. Our in-depth simulation study also shows that PRISM delivers a near-optimal aggregated bandwidth in the community formed by heterogeneous mobile hosts, and improves network utilization significantly.
Crystal structure engineering in multimetallic high-index facet nanocatalysts (2021)

In the context of metal particle catalysts, composition, shape, exposed facets, crystal structure, and atom distribution dictate activity. While techniques have been developed to control each of these parameters, there is no general method that allows one to optimize all parameters in the context of polyelemental systems. Herein, by combining a solid-state, Bi-influenced, high-index facet shape regulation strategy with thermal annealing, we achieve control over crystal structure and atom distribution on the exposed high-index facets, resulting in an unprecedentedly diverse library of chemically disordered and ordered multimetallic (Pt, Co, Ni, Cu, Fe, and Mn) tetrahexahedral (THH) nanoparticles. Density functional theory calculations show that surface Bi modification stabilizes the {210} high-index facets of the nanoparticles, regardless of their internal atomic ordering. Moreover, we find that the ordering transition temperatures for the nanoparticles are dependent on their composition, and, in the case of Pt<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>1</sub> THH nanoparticles, increasing Ni substitution leads to an order-to-disorder transition at 900 °C. Finally, we have discovered that ordered intermetallic THH Pt<sub>1</sub>Co<sub>1</sub> nanocatalysts exhibit a catalytic performance superior to disordered THH Pt<sub>1</sub>Co<sub>1</sub> nanoparticles and commercial Pt/C catalysts toward methanol electrooxidation, highlighting the importance of crystal structure and atom distribution control on high-index facets in nanoscale catalysts.
Summary of the 4th workshop on analytics for noisy unstructured text data (AND) (2010)

No abstract available.
Ion recombination correction factors and detector comparison in a very-high dose rate proton scanning beam (2023)

While the collection efficiency of the probed ICs in scanned VHDR proton therapy is comparable to those in the conventional regime with recombination coefficiens smaller than 1 % for mean dose rates up to 177 Gy/s, the reduction in collection efficiency for higher dose rates cannot be ignored when measuring the absorbed dose in pre-clinical proton scanned FLASH experiments and clinical trials.
High Temperature Robustness of Enhancement-Mode p-GaN-Gated AlGaN/GaN HEMT Technology (2022)

This paper reports on the high temperature (HT) robustness of enhancement-mode (E-mode) p-GaN-gated Al-GaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), with an emphasis on the key transistor-level parameters for digital and analog mixed-signal applications. In-situ measurements from room temperature (RT) to 500 °C show that trends in V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> , R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</inf> , I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D,max</inf> and I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G,max</inf> are largely as expected based on first-order changes in the semiconductor properties. The fabricated transistors exhibited stable performance over 20 days at 500 °C. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is the first systematic study on the HT performance of E-mode p-GaN-gated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, and sheds light on their use in mixed-signal and low-voltage power circuits.
DETECTION OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES FROM SHOREBIRDS: EVALUATION OF SURVEILLANCE AND TESTING APPROACHES (2012)

Although influenza A viruses have been isolated from numerous shorebird species (Family: Scolopacidae) worldwide, our understanding of natural history of these viruses in this diverse group is incomplete. Gaining this information can be complicated by sampling difficulties related to live capture, the need for large sample sizes related to a potentially low prevalence of infection, and the need to maintain flexibility in diagnostic approaches related to varied capabilities and resources. To provide information relevant to improving sampling and testing of shorebirds for influenza A viruses, we retrospectively evaluated a combined data set from Delaware Bay, USA, collected from 2000 to 2009. Our results indicate that prevalence trends and subtype diversity can be effectively determined by either direct sampling of birds or indirect sampling of feces; however, the extent of detected subtype diversity is a function of the number of viruses recovered during that year. Even in cases where a large number of viruses are identified, an underestimate of true subtype diversity is likely. Influenza A virus isolation from Ruddy Turnstones can be enhanced by testing both cloacal and tracheal samples, and matrix real-time PCR can be used as an effective screening tool. Serologic testing to target species of interest also has application to shorebird surveillance. Overall, all of the sampling and diagnostic approaches have utility as applied to shorebird surveillance, but all are associated with inherent biases that need to be considered when comparing results from independent studies.
System-level applications of two-dimensional materials: Challenges and opportunities (2015)

Two dimensional materials represent the next frontier in advanced materials for electronic applications. Their extreme thinness (3 or less atoms thick) give them great flexibility, optical transparency and an unsurpassed surface-to-volume ratio. At the same time, this family of materials has tremendously diverse and unique properties. For example, graphene is a semimetal with extremely high electron and hole mobilities, hexagonal boron nitride forms an almost ideal insulator, while MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and other dichalcogenides push the limits on large area semiconductors.
Electrically excitable nerve elements: excitation sites in peripheral and central stimulation (2020)

This chapter presents the biophysical basis for electrical stimulation of neurons in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Electrical stimulation of the nervous system has been employed extensively as an experimental treatment for epilepsy, as well as a host of neurological disorders. Computational modeling provides a powerful tool to study extracellular excitation of central nervous system (CNS) neurons. The volume of tissue stimulated, both for fibers and cells, and how this changes with electrode geometry, stimulus parameters, and the geometry of the neuronal elements is quite challenging to determine experimentally. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve with a surgically implanted circumneural cuff bipolar cuff electrode is used for the treatment of intractable epilepsy. The triphasic shape of the difference of the extracellular potentials gives rise to a triphasic pattern of change in transmembrane potential. Computation models were used to determine the site of action potential initiation during extracellular stimulation of CNS neurons.
Experimental Demonstration of Low-Cost S- / C-Band Broadcast-Overlay in WDM-PON (2013)

We present an experimental study on downstream broadcast overlay in WDM-PON systems using a low-cost reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) as broadband signal source. Reach and achievable bitrate are compared for S- and C-Band overlay.
A Computationally Efficient Selective Node Updating Scheme for Decoding of LDPC Codes (2006)

In this paper, we introduce a computationally efficient selective node update algorithm for the decoding of low-density parity check codes. Unlike the standard sum-product algorithm, where all bit and check nodes are updated at each decoding iteration, the developed algorithm only updates unreliable check and bit nodes. A simple reliability criteria is developed to determine the active bit and check nodes per decoding iteration. Based on the developed technique, significant computation reductions are achieved with very little or no loss in the BER performance of the LDPC codes. At a WER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5 </sup> , 91.8% and 72.7% check node and 80% and 41% bit node computation reductions are obtained for a (96, 48) and a (504, 252) LDPC code, respectively. The proposed method can be implemented with a slight modification to the standard sum-product decoding algorithm with negligible additional hardware complexity. From a hardware point of view, the proposed algorithm offers power reductions proportional to the computation savings and it leads to higher decoding speeds in serial implementations by decreasing the number of required memory accesses
Design of full-k-space flat bands in photonic crystals beyond the tight-binding picture (2015)

Based on a band engineering method, we propose a theoretical prescription to create a full-k-space flat band in dielectric photonic crystals covering the whole Brillouin Zone. With wave functions distributed in air instead of in the dielectrics, such a flat band represents a unique mechanism for achieving flat dispersions beyond the tight-binding picture, which can enormously reduce the requirement of permittivity contrast in the system. Finally, we propose and numerically demonstrate a unique application based on the full-k-space coverage of the flat band: ultra-sensitive detection of small scatterers.
Filterbanks for blind channel identification and equalization (1997)

Multirate precoding using filterbanks induces cyclo-stationarity at the transmitter and guarantees blind identifiability of frequency selective communication channels with minimal decrease of information rate and without restrictions on zero locations. Finite impulse response (FIR) filterbank decoders are capable of equalizing blindly (and perfectly in the absence of noise) FIR channels without constraints on their zeros.
Visualization and Analysis of Parallel Dataflow Execution with Smart Traces (2014)

Most performance analysis tools focus on presenting an overload of details, with little application-dependent structure, and predefined statistical summaries. This makes the complex relations present in a parallel program not directly recognisable to the user, making the task of identifying performance issues more costly in both time and effort. In this work we investigate the requirements to create visualisations of execution traces of parallel programs modelled as dataflows. We propose the Smart Trace (ST) concept, to encode the structure of the data, and guide the construction of specialised visualizations. A visualization tool can then leverage the relationships in the data to automate a given analysis task. We show with examples the power and flexibility of visualisations we can create to address specific questions formulated about the analysis of the data, with emphasis in parallel dataflow traces.
A parallel pipelined DSP processor core (2002)

In this paper a novel high performance processor is presented along with its applicability to digital signal processing. The generic sum of product processor organization contains three major sections: parallel, reduction, and multifunction generator. Each of these sections works in a pipelined fashion providing extremely high performance. We have studied a number of digital signal processing algorithms and mapped them onto the proposed processor. We report the mapping of three of the most widely used algorithms: convolution, discrete Fourier transform, and discrete cosine transform. In order to evaluate the potential impact of the processor, we have included a performance comparison with other digital signal processing machines. The proposed processor performs extremely well using a small amount of hardware.
Top-down topography of deeply etched silicon in the scanning electron microscope (2004)

It is proposed to measure the cross sections of steep-sided etched lines and similar deep surface topography on partially completed silicon integrated circuit wafers using either the backscattered electron (BSE) or the low-loss electron (LLE) image in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). These images contain regions where the collected signal is zero because there is no direct line of sight between the landing point of the electron beam on the specimen and the BSE or LLE detector. It is proposed to use the boundary of such a region in the SEM image as a geometrical line to measure the surface topography. Or alternatively, a shadow can be seen in the distribution of either BSE or LLE with an image-forming detector system. The use of this shadow position on the detector to measure deep surface topography will be demonstrated.