gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The reactivity of NO2 and HONO on flame soot at ambient temperature: The influence of combustion conditions (2000)

The heterogeneous interaction of NO2 on decane and hexane soot generated in the laboratory was examined in a Knudsen reactor. Two different types of soot were produced using both fuels: Soot originating from a rich flame at a high fuel/oxygen ratio (‘grey’ soot) and soot generated from a lean flame at a low fuel/oxygen ratio (‘ black’ soot). The fuel/oxygen ratio is a key parameter influencing the conversion yields of NO2 into nitrous acid (HONO) and NO. For both types of soot a reaction mechanism was developed in which NO2 is first converted into HONO by a redox mechanism. For soot originating from a rich flame HONO is released at yields of up to 100% whereas decomposition of HONO on the surface of soot generated in a lean flame leads to significantly reduced HONO yields. HONO decomposes to NO which is instantaneously released and NO2 formed on a longer timescale. In addition, there is an adsorption pathway for both types of soot which leads to irreversible removal of NO2. Soot from a rich flame showed a HONO production of 4 × 1016 molecule mg−1 for both hexane and decane soot for a NO2 concentration of 7.6 × 1012 molecule cm−3 integrated over 20 min. In contrast, hexane and decane soot generated in a lean flame do not form significant amounts of HONO. Instead, 2.7 × 1017 molecule mg−1 of NO at a NO2 concentration of 1.5 × 1014 molecule cm−3 are observed. Initial uptake coefficients (γ0) of up to 0.1 were measured for both types of soot. However, with increasing amounts of NO2 taken up, γ quickly decreases owing to saturation. After an uptake of 8 × 1013 molecule cm−2 of NO2, γ drops to 3 × 10−7 (‘grey’ decane soot) and 6 × 10−7 (‘black’ decane soot), respectively. A Soxhlet extraction of decane soot from a rich flame using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent also produced HONO on interaction with NO2 after evaporation of the solvent. This observation suggests that the compounds that are responsible for HONO production are part of the transferable organic fraction that is condensed on the elemental carbon backbone structure of soot.
An Overexpression Screen of Toxoplasma gondii Rab-GTPases Reveals Distinct Transport Routes to the Micronemes (2013)

The basic organisation of the endomembrane system is conserved in all eukaryotes and comparative genome analyses provides compelling evidence that the endomembrane system of the last common eukaryotic ancestor (LCEA) is complex with many genes required for regulated traffic being present. Although apicomplexan parasites, causative agents of severe human and animal diseases, appear to have only a basic set of trafficking factors such as Rab-GTPases, they evolved unique secretory organelles (micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules) that are sequentially secreted during invasion of the host cell. In order to define the secretory pathway of apicomplexans, we performed an overexpression screen of Rabs in Toxoplasma gondii and identified Rab5A and Rab5C as important regulators of traffic to micronemes and rhoptries. Intriguingly, we found that not all microneme proteins traffic depends on functional Rab5A and Rab5C, indicating the existence of redundant microneme targeting pathways. Using two-colour super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) we verified distinct localisations of independent microneme proteins and demonstrate that micronemal organelles are organised in distinct subsets or subcompartments. Our results suggest that apicomplexan parasites modify classical regulators of the endocytic system to carryout essential parasite-specific roles in the biogenesis of their unique secretory organelles.
Control of Epitaxial Growth Orientation and Anisotropic Thermoelectric Properties of Misfit-Type Ca3Co4O9 Thin Films (2005)

We have investigated the control of crystal orientation in misfit-type layered cobaltite Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 thin films by rf-planar magnetron sputtering and succeeded in growing epitaxial films with c -axis, a -axis and b -axis orientations normal to the substrate. Anisotropic transport properties (parallel to the CoO 2 layers and perpendicular to the CoO 2 layers) were measured using the b -axis-oriented epitaxial films with a layered structure perpendicular to the substrate surface. The resistivity parallel to the CoO 2 layers (ρ a ) is about 8 mΩ cm at room temperature while that perpendicular to the CoO 2 layers (ρ c ) is about 300 mΩ cm; the anisotropy is estimated to be about 40. Thermoelectric anisotropy is not considerably pronounced; the parallel Seebeck coefficient S a is measured to be 110 µV/K and the perpendicular S c is 40 µV/K at room temperature.
A Pain Assessment Method Based on a Log-Linearized Peripheral Arterial Viscoelastic Model : (2016)

This paper examines a relationship between an arterial stiffness parameter β and nociceptive mechanical stimuli. The stiffness parameter β which reacts according to peripheral sympathetic nerve activity is calculated from continuous arterial pressures and photoplethysmograms based on the log-linearized peripheral arterial viscoelastic model, while mechanical stimuli were applied to the subjects in the experiments. The results showed a significant correlation between the stimulus velocity and the stiffness parameter β when stimulus amplitude was constant (r = 0.63 (p < 0.05)) and that between the stimulus amplitude and the normalized stiffness parameter βn when stimulus velocity was constant (r = 0.54 (p < 0.01)). It was therefore concluded that the arterial stiffness parameter β may react to amplitude and velocity of mechanical stimuli.
Mass Peak (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Influenza A Virus: Production and Characterization of A/Victoria/3/75- ts -1[E] Recombinants (1978)

The Hong Kong/68-ts-1[E] virus, which has a 38 degrees C shutoff temperature for plaque formation, has been proposed as a donor of its two ts lesions to new variants of influenza A virus that pose an epidemic threat. To further examine whether the acquisition of the two ts-1[E] lesions will predictably attenuate new influenza A variants, the HK/68-ts-1[E] virus was mated with the A/Vic/3/75 wild-type virus. The Vic/75-ts-[E] recombinants that had the two ts-1[E] lesions also had a 38 degrees C shutoff temperature. Two Vic/75-ts-1[E] recombinants (clones 81 and 113) that had the two ts-1[E] lesions, a 38 degrees C shutoff temperature, and the Vic/75 hemagglutinin and neuraminidase glycoproteins were similar to each other and to their ts-1[E] parent in the pattern of replication and genetic stability in hamsters. These findings support the hypothesis that the acquisition of the two ts-1[E] lesions will predictably attenuate wild-type influenza A virus. Each Vic/75-ts-1[E] recombinant virus that possessed only the group 1 ts-1[E] lesion had a 39 degrees C shutoff temperature. Two of three of the Vic/75-ts-1[E] recombinants that had only the group 2 ts-1[E] lesion had a 39 degrees C shutoff temperature. This suggests that the HK/68-ts-1[E] donor virus contains two ts genes each of which by itself restricts plaque formation at 39 degrees C and above. The HK/68-ts-1[E] parent virus and its Vic/75 recombinant clones 81 and 113 were evaluated in ferret tracheal organ cultures maintained at permissive and restrictive temperatures. The Vic/75-ts-1[E] clone 81 differed from its parent and sister clone 113 in that it replicated readily and caused ciliostasis at 37 degrees C, a temperature restrictive for the replication of other ts-1[E] recombinants with a 38 degrees C shutoff temperature. The genetic basis underlying this difference was not elucidated.
Interstage Imaging in Staged Minimally Invasive Spinal Deformity Surgery (2023)

Objective: Spinal surgeons have developed novel minimally invasive (MIS) protocols to correct adult degenerative spinal deformities in well-selected patients. Many surgeons perform these cases in stages: first by an anterior/lateral approach for interbody device placement, and second by a posterior approach for fixation. Imaging is typically obtained in between these 2 stages to reassess the surgical anatomy. We evaluated the utility of interstage imaging by comparing alignment parameters between baseline, interstage, and final postoperative radiographs. Methods: We reviewed MIS deformity cases performed at our institution by 3 expert surgeons, which were staged and had complete preoperative, interstage, and postoperative radiographs. Standard alignment parameters at all timepoints were compared.Results: Thirty-three patients met the criteria for inclusion. There were significant differences between baseline and interstage values for lumbar lordosis (LL, p = 0.004), pelvic tilt (PT, p = 0.002), and pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch (PI-LL, p = 0.002). No significant differences existed between interstage and postoperative measurements for these sagittal parameters. Significant differences were found between interstage and postoperative values for the major Cobb angle (p = 0.012) and the lumbar Cobb angle (p = 0.016). Conclusions: In staged cases, our surgeons typically obtain interstage imaging, primarily standing scoliosis films. These studies inform the final levels of instrumentation and the need for additional posterior osteotomies/decompression during stage II. Based on interstage imaging findings, most sagittal correction occurs after stage I, while coronal correction occurs after stage II.
Skid-Mounted Support System for Temporary Guide Signs (2014)

A common issue during phased highway construction projects is the need to temporarily relocate large guide signs on the roadside or install new guide signs for temporary use. The conventional concrete foundations used for these signs are costly and time-consuming to install and remove after construction is completed. A freestanding, skid-mounted support system for temporary large guide signs was developed and successfully crash-tested in accordance with the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) guidelines. The design considered wind loads, ballast requirements, and impact performance. The skid-mounted design eliminates the need for below-ground footers, and permits rapid movement and relocation of the sign. The results of the research have been used to establish guidelines for both the direct embedded temporary wood support system (developed in the first year of the project) and the skid-mounted support system. The guidelines provide the designer with a means of selecting the appropriate number, size, and grade of support posts for a given sign panel size.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Combination of Two Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor Inhibitory Antibodies Targeting Distinct Epitopes Leads to an Enhanced Antitumor Response (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Combination of Two Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor Inhibitory Antibodies Targeting Distinct Epitopes Leads to an Enhanced Antitumor Response
Nuclear canister integrity monitoring using quasi-distributed fiber acoustic sensors and physics-based modeling (2023)

Absence of a final repository for nuclear waste has increased attention on dry cask storage systems (DCSSs) which were originally intended for temporary storage, increasing the need for new structural health monitoring paradigms considering safety and environmental impacts. Current integrity inspection requirements consist of periodic manned inspections due in part to the difficulties with real-time monitoring of internal canister conditions without penetrating the canister surface. Here we overview a new approach to nuclear canister integrity structural health monitoring which combines both quasi-distributed fiber optic acoustic (and other) sensing modalities deployed external to the canister as well as physics-based modeling to enable real-time inference of internal canister conditions, including the identification, localization, and classification of various active or incipient failure conditions. More specifically, we overview the vision for the proposed monitoring approach and describe results to date in theoretical physics-based modeling and artificial intelligence-based analytics to accelerate the development of classification frameworks for rapid interpretation of quasi-distributed acoustic and other complementary fiber optic sensing responses. In addition, we describe early results obtained for a quasi-distributed fiber optic sensor network based upon multimode interferometer sensors using an experimental test bed established for dry-cask storage canister sensing experiments. Future work will be overviewed and discussed in the context of expanded scope of the proposed real-time monitoring system and planned field validations.
Extensions to PCEP for Distributing Label Cross Domains (2000)

This document specifies extensions to PCEP for distributing labels
crossing domains for an inter-domain Point-to-Point (P2P) or Point-
to-Multipoint (P2MP) Traffic Engineering (TE) Label Switched Path
(LSP).
Generation of four myotonic dystrophy type 1 patient iPSC lines (CBRCULi002-A, CBRCULi003-A, CBRCULi004-A, CBRCULi005-A) and a control (CBRCULi001-A) derived from lymphoblastoids cell lines (2023)

Myotonic dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) is a severe inherited neuromuscular disease and is the most prevalent form of muscular dystrophy in adults. DM1 involves not only the striated muscles including skeletal, and cardiac but also other organs such as the eye, brain and gonads. We have generated and characterized 4 adult heterozygous DM1 iPSC lines carrying between 1300 and 1600 CTG repeat expansion in the DM1 protein kinase gene, and a control from an apparently healthy individual. They all show strong pluripotency markers, differentiation capacity, the absence of residual viral vectors as well as normal karyotypes and colony morphologies.
Radiation testing of liquid crystal optical phase shifters for space survivability (2008)

Liquid crystal-based Optical Phased Arrays (OPAs) are a disruptive technology for a variety of electronic beam manipulation functions, including steering and control of polarization, amplitude, and phase. For applications in the emerging field of space-based laser communications, such devices must be operable in an extreme environment for an extended period of time, ranging from one year to over 15 years. Preliminary space qualification of OPA components has been completed, including exposure to each of three radiation types: prompt dose, total dose, and fast neutrons. Simplified OPA surrogates (phase shifters) were used in a series of experiments here described. These radiation levels and characterization tests extend beyond historical tests and present the first results for each of fast neutron interactions and prompt dose interactions with liquid crystal devices.
Effect of nitinol implant porosity on cranial bone ingrowth and apposition after 6 weeks (1999)

The present study addresses two aspects of the use of nitinol in cranial bone defect repair. The first is to verify that there is substantial bone ingrowth into the implant after 6 weeks; the second is to determine the effect of pore size on the ability of bone to grow into the implant during the early (6-week) postoperative period. Porous equiatomic (equal atomic masses of titanium and nickel) nickel-titanium (nitinol) implants with three different morphologies (differing in pore size and percent porosity) were implanted for 6 weeks in the parietal bones of New Zealand White rabbits. Ingrowth of bone into the implants and apposition of bone along the exterior and interior implant surfaces were calculated. The mean pore size (MPS) of implant type #1 (353 +/- 74 microm) differed considerably from implant types #2 (218 +/- 28 microm) and #3 (178 +/- 31 microm). There was no significant difference among implant types in the percentages of bone and void/soft tissue composition of the aggregate implants. The amount of bone ingrowth also was not significantly different among the implant types. Implant #1 was significantly higher in pore volume and thus had a significantly higher volume of ingrown bone (2.59 +/- 0.60 mm3) than implant #3 (1. 52 +/- 0.66 mm3) and a greater amount, but not significantly greater, than implant #2 (1.76 +/- 0.47 mm3). Pore size does not appear to affect bone ingrowth during the cartilaginous period of bone growth in the implant. This implies that within the commonly accepted range of implant porosities (150-400 microm), at 6 weeks bone ingrowth near the interface of nitinol implants is similar.
Restriction of the anti-bovine serum albumin response in rabbits immunized with Micrococcus lysodeikticus. (1977)

Rabbits capable of producing antibodies of restricted heterogeneity in response to Micrococcus lysodeikticus are equally capable of producing antibodies of restricted heterogeneity to bovine serum albumin. These antibodies are produced when animals are simultaneously injected with micrococcus and BSA and their specificity is restricted to a small number of epitopes. These results suggest that micrococcal vaccines can induce the restriction of heterogeneity in antibodies raised against totally unrelated antigens.
COMPARISON OF DIGITAL 12-LEAD ECG AND DIGITAL 12-LEAD HOLTER ECG RECORDINGS IN HEALTHY MALE SUBJECTS (2009)

Background: Numerous publications on Thorough QT (TQT) studies display a wide range in ECG variability. Our meta-analysis study investigating the effects of (a) the baseline correction method (b) the design (c) the ECG recording method demonstrated that only the ECG recording method had a significant impact on data variability and it appears that digitally recorded 12-lead bedside ECG are superior when compared to digital 12-lead Holter ECG recordings (Naseem et al, 2009).
ChemInform Abstract: The 2‐N,N‐Dibenzylamino Group as a Participating Group in the Synthesis of β‐Glycosides. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Disorder-immune confinement of light in photonic-crystal cavities (2005)

We demonstrate by finite-difference time-domain simulations in 2D and 3D that optical cavities in realistic finite photonic crystals have lifetimes and modal volumes that are essentially insensitive to disorder (of various types, including surface disorder and randomized positions), even with unphysically large disorder. A lifetime Q = 10(8) is demonstrated in a 3D single-mode cavity with a half-wavelength mode diameter using only eight vertical periods of a disordered crystal.
Spatial resolution in prism-based surface plasmon resonance microscopy (2014)

Several optical surface sensing techniques, such as Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), work by imaging the base of a prism by one of its faces. However, such a fundamental optical concern has not been fully analyzed and understood so far, and spatial resolution remains a critical and controversial issue. In SPR, the propagation length L(x) of the surface plasmon waves has been considered as the limiting factor. Here, we demonstrate that for unoptimized systems geometrical aberrations caused by the prism can be more limiting than the propagation length. By combining line-scan imaging mode with optimized prisms, we access the ultimate lateral resolution which is diffraction-limited by the object light diffusion. We describe several optimized configurations in water and discuss the trade-off between L(x) and sensitivity. The improvement of resolution is confirmed by imaging micro-structured PDMS stamps and individual living eukaryote cells and bacteria on field-of-view from 0.1 to 20 mm(2).
Mixed Precision Quantization for ReRAM-based DNN Inference Accelerators (2021)

ReRAM-based accelerators have shown great potential for accelerating DNN inference because ReRAM crossbars can perform analog matrix-vector multiplication operations with low latency and energy consumption. However, these crossbars require the use of ADCs which constitute a significant fraction of the cost of MVM operations. The overhead of ADCs can be mitigated via partial sum quantization. However, prior quantization flows for DNN inference accelerators do not consider partial sum quantization which is not highly relevant to traditional digital architectures. To address this issue, we propose a mixed precision quantization scheme for ReRAM-based DNN inference accelerators where weight quantization, input quantization, and partial sum quantization are jointly applied for each DNN layer. We also propose an automated quantization flow powered by deep reinforcement learning to search for the best quantization configuration in the large design space. Our evaluation shows that the proposed mixed precision quantization scheme and quantization flow reduce inference latency and energy consumption by up to 3.89x and 4.84x, respectively, while only losing 1.18% in DNN inference accuracy.
Reduced Complexity Backpropagation-Based Adaptive Compensation of Frequency Interleaved ADC for Digital Communication Receivers (2021)

This work presents a reduced complexity architecture for the backpropagation-based compensation of frequency interleaved analog to digital converters (FI-ADC). Earlier literature has described a promising adaptive background compensation technique based on the backpropagation algorithm from machine learning, which is suitable to mitigate errors of the analog signal path of FI-ADCs. This technique is applicable to high speed digital receivers such as those used in coherent optical communications. The key ingredients of the aforementioned technique are MIMO equalization and the backpropagation algorithm used to adapt the coefficients of the equalizer. The work presented here modifies the earlier architecture to reduce the number of required analog mixers by a factor two, and to simplify, also by a factor two, the compensation equalizer responsible for correcting the errors of the analog signal path. This results in a much simpler and significantly improved FI-ADC system. Simulations show that the analog impairments are accurately compensated and their impact on the performance of the receiver is essentially eliminated.
Electrical method for the measurements of volume averaged electron density and effective coupled power to the plasma bulk (2016)

Nanoparticles growing or injected in a low pressure cold plasma generated by a radiofrequency capacitively coupled capacitive discharge induce strong modifications in the electrical parameters of both plasma and discharge. In this paper, a non-intrusive method, based on the measurement of the plasma impedance, is used to determine the volume averaged electron density and effective coupled power to the plasma bulk. Good agreements are found when the results are compared to those given by other well-known and established methods.