gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P‐227L: Late‐News Poster : The Mechanism of Image Sticking on LCD and its Evaluation Parameters Related to LC and Alignment Materials (2006)

Abstract Residual DC voltage is one of the most important items which govern the image quality of LCD, because the existence of it causes image sticking phenomenon. However, we do not have established evaluation parameters. The generation mechanism of the residual DC voltage was analyzed based on a model of adsorption and desorption of electric charges, ions, at the interface between LC phase and alignment layer. New parameters are proposed for unified evaluation of LC and alignment materials.
Dynamic Analysis of the Libralato Thermodynamic Cycle Based Rotary Engine (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper an initial dynamic analysis of the Libralato rotary engine prototype is conducted based on a joint engine model. Through the investigation of the Libralato thermodynamic cycle and the geometry characteristics of the engine structure, a multi-chamber core engine model is developed via GT-Power, a commercial software. The whole engine working volume is divided into 5 parts, including an intake chamber, a compression chamber, a combustion chamber, an expansion chamber and a virtual chamber which is used to correct the actual volume variation of the expansion chamber at the end of expansion stroke. The performance of the developed model is validated by experimental results. Then an initial analysis on the engine thermodynamic cycle, the engine operation characteristics and the gas exchange process is conducted. Furthermore, a multi-body mechanism model is designed to analyze the mechanical properties of the engine. By integrating the core engine model with the multi-body mechanical model, the dynamical characteristics of the engine with respect to the transient torque output and the velocity fluctuations are analyzed. The result of the modeling work could serve to benefit the future structure optimization and control strategy development of the prototype engine.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Data from <i>BRAF/NRAS</i> Wild-Type Melanomas Have a High Mutation Load Correlating with Histologic and Molecular Signatures of UV Damage (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The mutation load in melanoma is generally high compared with other tumor types due to extensive UV damage. Translation of exome sequencing data into clinically relevant information is therefore challenging. This study sought to characterize mutations identified in primary cutaneous melanomas and correlate these with clinicopathologic features.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; DNA was extracted from 34 fresh-frozen primary cutaneous melanomas and matched peripheral blood. Tumor histopathology was reviewed by two dermatopathologists. Exome sequencing was conducted and mutation rates were correlated with age, sex, tumor site, and histopathologic variables. Differences in mutations between categories of solar elastosis, pigmentation, and &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;NRAS&lt;/i&gt; mutational status were investigated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The average mutation rate was 12 per megabase, similar to published results in metastases. The average mutation rate in severely sun damaged (SSD) skin was 21 per Mb compared with 3.8 per Mb in non-SSD skin (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001). &lt;i&gt;BRAF/NRAS&lt;/i&gt; wild-type (WT) tumors had a higher average mutation rate compared with &lt;i&gt;BRAF/NRAS&lt;/i&gt;–mutant tumors (27 vs. 5.6 mutations per Mb; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0001). Tandem CC&gt;TT/GG&gt;AA mutations comprised 70% of all dinucleotide substitutions and were more common in tumors arising in SSD skin (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0008) and in &lt;i&gt;BRAF/NRAS&lt;/i&gt; WT tumors (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0007). Targetable and potentially targetable mutations in WT tumors, including &lt;i&gt;NF1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;KIT&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;NOTCH1&lt;/i&gt;, were spread over various signaling pathways.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Melanomas arising in SSD skin have higher mutation loads and contain a spectrum of molecular subtypes compared with &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt;- and &lt;i&gt;NRAS&lt;/i&gt;-mutant tumors indicating multigene screening approaches and combination therapies may be required for management of these patients. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(17); 4589–98. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Aurin Tricarboxylic Acid Protects against Red Blood Cell Hemolysis in Patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinemia (2014)

We conclude that ATA, by protecting PNH erythrocytes from their decay accelerating factor (CD55) and protectin (CD59) deficiencies, may be an effective oral treatment in this disorder.
Flux-Biased, Energy-Efficient Electromagnetic Micropumps Utilizing Bistable Magnetic Latching and Energy-Storage Springs (2020)

On-platform pumping systems are a potentially critical technology for microphysiological systems (MPS) to control the pressure and flow of growth media. Supporting sufficient physiological tissue quantity in culture requires fluid flow rates on the order of microliters per second, which is larger than for typical microfluidic systems. Thus, a need exists for new types of pumping systems operating in this flow range while maintaining stringent sterility of the culture as well as enabling tight temperature control at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${37}^{\circ } {\rm C}$</tex-math></inline-formula> . Flow rates and pressure also need to be readily computer-controlled, with a manageable set of connections into the culture incubator environment. This article describes a novel mesoscale electromagnetically driven pumping system designed to meet all these requirements. Our design achieves a very low energy dissipation of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${0.65}\,{\rm mJ}$</tex-math></inline-formula> per switching event, which allows one pumping channel to operate at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${0.45}\,{{\rm {\mu } L} /{\rm s}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> with an average power dissipation of 1.3 mW and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${0.04}\,{{^\circ } {\rm C}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> temperature rise in each actuator. The actuator operates in a bistable, teeter-totter configuration with a latching force of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${4.5}\,{\rm N}$</tex-math></inline-formula> , and a relatively large stroke of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${400}\,{{\mu } {\rm m}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> at the actuator pole face. Preliminary operational pumping test results show the potential of this type of electromagnetic actuator for fluidic pumping. Due to their compact configuration and very high energy efficiency, these pumps can provide the foundation for multichannel, on-platform pumping for MPS platforms, as well as for a range of sterile, temperature-sensitive microflow devices such as portable, battery-operated insulin pumps.
An Alternative IPT Pickup Controller for Material Handling Using a Current Doubler (2018)

Inductive power transfer systems deployed in material handling have traditionally used parallel-tuned (current-sourced) boost regulators to independently control and regulate the load on each secondary. This paper evaluates the current doubler as an alternative parallel-tuned secondary controller within this application to better match the current and voltage requirements in the secondary resonant tuning network in high-power applications. This enables designs that enable the secondary magnetic pickup to achieve a smaller profile and fit within typical space constraints of material-handling vehicles. This paper presents the design approach needed for this regulator and compares its operation and performance against a traditional boost controller using both the simulation and the measurement of two built 5-kW secondary regulators. The current doubler naturally achieves a lower output ripple due to its interleaved switching and is found to have a comparable efficiency to the boost controller but requires slightly more components.
Novel Approaches, Drug Candidates, and Targets in Pain Drug Discovery (2021)

Because of the problems associated with opioids, drug discovery efforts have been employed to develop opioids with reduced side effects using approaches such as biased opioid agonism, multifunctional opioids, and allosteric modulation of opioid receptors. Receptor targets such as adrenergic, cannabinoid, P2X3 and P2X7, NMDA, serotonin, and sigma, as well as ion channels like the voltage-gated sodium channels Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 have been targeted to develop novel analgesics. Several enzymes, such as soluble epoxide hydrolase, sepiapterin reductase, and MAGL/FAAH, have also been targeted to develop novel analgesics. In this review, old and recent targets involved in pain signaling and compounds acting at these targets are summarized. In addition, strategies employed to reduce side effects, increase potency, and efficacy of opioids are also elaborated. This review should aid in propelling drug discovery efforts to discover novel analgesics.
Photodynamic Therapy: One Step Ahead with Self-Assembled Nanoparticles (2014)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment modality for cancer with possible advantages over current treatment alternatives. It involves combination of light and a photosensitizer (PS), which is activated by absorption of specific wavelength light and creates local tissue damage through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce a cascade of cellular and molecular events. However, as of today, PDT is still in need of improvement and nanotechnology may play a role. PDT frequently employs PS with molecular structures that are highly hydrophobic, water insoluble and prone to aggregation. Aggregation of PS leads to reduced ROS generation and thus lowers the PDT activity. Some PS such as 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) cannot penetrate through the stratum corneum of the skin and systemic administration is not an option due to frequently encountered side effects. Therefore PS are often encapsulated or conjugated in/on nano-drug delivery vehicles to allow them to be better taken up by cells and to more selectively deliver them to tumors or other target tissues. Several nano-drug delivery vehicles including liposomes, fullerosomes and nanocells have been tested and reviewed. Here we cover non-liposomal self-assembled nanoparticles consisting of polymeric micelles including block co-polymers, polymeric micelles, dendrimers and porphysomes.
High-salt diet enhances mouse aortic relaxation through adenosine A2Areceptor via CYP epoxygenases (2008)

We hypothesize that A(2A) adenosine receptors (A(2A) AR) promote aortic relaxation in mice through cytochrome P450 (CYP)-epoxygenases and help to avoid salt sensitivity. Aortas from male mice maintained on a high-salt (HS; 7% NaCl) or normal-salt (NS; 0.45% NaCl) diet for 4-5 wks were used. Concentration-response curves (10(-11)-10(-5) M) for 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA; a nonselective adenosine analog) and CGS 21680 (A(2A) AR agonist) were obtained with different antagonists including ZM 241385 (A(2A) AR antagonist; 10(-6) M), SCH 58261 (A(2A) AR antagonist; 10(-6) M), N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; 10(-4) M) and inhibitors including methylsulfonyl-propargyloxyphenylhexanamide (MS-PPOH; CYP epoxygenases inhibitor; 10(-5)M), 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(z)-enoic acid (14,15-EEZE; EET antagonist; 10(-5)M), dibromo-dodecenyl-methylsulfimide (DDMS; CYP4A inhibitor; 10(-5)M), and HET0016 (20-HETE inhibitor; 10(-5)M). At 10(-7) M of NECA, significant relaxation in HS (+22.58 +/- 3.12%) was observed compared with contraction in NS (-10.62 +/- 6.27%, P < 0.05). ZM 241385 changed the NECA response to contraction (P < 0.05) in HS. At 10(-7) M of CGS 21680, significant relaxation in HS (+32.04 +/- 3.08%) was observed compared with NS (+10.45 +/- 1.34%, P < 0.05). SCH 58261, l-NAME, MS-PPOH, and 14,15-EEZE changed the CGS 21680-induced relaxation to contraction (P < 0.05) in HS. Interestingly, DDMS and HET0016 changed CGS 21680 response to relaxation (P < 0.05) in NS; however, there was no significant difference found between DDMS, HET0016-treated HS and NS vs. nontreated HS group (P > 0.05). CYP2C29 protein was 55% and 74% upregulated in HS vs. NS (P < 0.05) mice aorta and kidney, respectively. CYP4A protein was 30.30% and 35.70% upregulated in NS vs. HS (P < 0.05) mice aorta and kidneys, respectively. A(1) AR was downregulated, whereas A(2A) AR was upregulated in HS compared with NS. These data suggest that HS may activate CYP2C29 via A(2A) AR, causing relaxation, whereas NS may contribute to the upregulation of CYP4A causing contraction.
Homogeneous processes of atmospheric interest (1983)

Upper atmospheric research programs in the department of chemical kinetics are reported. Topics discussed include: (1) third-order rate constants of atmospheric importance; (2) a computational study of the HO2 + HO2 and DO2 + DO2 reactions; (3) measurement and estimation of rate constants for modeling reactive systems; (4) kinetics and thermodynamics of ion-molecule association reactions; (5) entropy barriers in ion-molecule reactions; (6) reaction rate constant for OH + HOONO2 yields products over the temperature range 246 to 324 K; (7) very low-pressure photolysis of tert-bytyl nitrite at 248 nm; (8) summary of preliminary data for the photolysis of C1ONO2 and N2O5 at 285 nm; and (9) heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 and H2O.
The Spirochete Brachyspira pilosicoli, Enteric Pathogen of Animals and Humans (2017)

<i>Brachyspira pilosicoli</i> is a slow-growing anaerobic spirochete that colonizes the large intestine. Colonization occurs commonly in pigs and adult chickens, causing colitis/typhlitis, diarrhea, poor growth rates, and reduced production. Colonization of humans also is common in some populations (individuals living in village and peri-urban settings in developing countries, recent immigrants from developing countries, homosexual males, and HIV-positive patients), but the spirochete rarely is investigated as a potential human enteric pathogen. In part this is due to its slow growth and specialized growth requirements, meaning that it is not detectable in human fecal samples using routine diagnostic methods. Nevertheless, it has been identified histologically attached to the colon and rectum in patients with conditions such as chronic diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and/or nonspecific abdominal discomfort, and one survey of Australian Aboriginal children showed that colonization was significantly associated with failure to thrive. <i>B. pilosicoli</i> has been detected in the bloodstream of elderly patients or individuals with chronic conditions such as alcoholism and malignancies. This review describes the spirochete and associated diseases. It aims to encourage clinicians and clinical microbiologists to consider <i>B. pilosicoli</i> in their differential diagnoses and to develop and use appropriate diagnostic protocols to identify the spirochete in clinical specimens.
Improved Algorithms for Nanopore Signal Processing (2012)

INTRODUCTIONNanopores are promising devices for detection and characterization of nanometer-sized analytes suspended in a liquid; these include nanoparticles [2], DNA [3], RNA [4], viruses [2] and proteins [5].These devices are basically a nanometer-sized pore that connects two microfluidic chambers.Translocation of analytes through the pore introduces a temporal change in its resistance that can be recorded as a spike in the ionic current that passes through the pore or a voltage spike.All applications of nanopore devices are based on detection of translocation spikes in the recorded signal and extraction of amplitude, duration and their rate of occurrence [2][3][4][5].The recorded signal is usually considerably noisy [6], with a significant baseline drift [6] and more than hundreds of translocation spikes that may vary in shape and size [2].Thus, incorporation of suitable signal processing algorithms is necessary for correct and fast detection of all the translocation spikes and accurate measurement of their amplitude and duration.Nanopore devices are subjected to intense research and significant improvements; however, there are only a few reported investigations on processing the output signals of these devices [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]; while these methods are determinant of the technique's precision, accuracy and applicability.Nanopore signal processing generally consists of baseline removal, denoising, spike detection, extraction of spikes' amplitude and duration, and classification of spikes.Here we present an improved method for baseline removing, an optimized algorithm for denoising the nanopore signals, a novel method for spike detection that detects all the translocation spikes more correctly, and an improved and physically meaningful algorithm for measuring the duration and amplitude of the translocation spikes [1]. METHOD AND RESULTS Experimental ResultsThe proposed software has been used to process ionic current signals of a solid-state nanopore (fig. 1) using a range of different nanoparticles.The obtained results are compared with the results of the conventional software (Clampfit, MDS Analytical Technologies) in addition to results of a commercially available dynamic light scattering (DLS) system.In order to fabricate the nanopore, silicon on insulator wafers were coated by nitride.Electron beam lithography [15] was used for patterning a square on the front side and KOH was used for etching a pyramidal pit into the silicon on the front side.Then, a pyramidal pit etched on the back side to open the nanopore's end, and the nanopore was packaged between two microfluidic chambers as described elsewhere [16].Citrated gold nanoparticles (Ted Pella Inc.) were diluted ten times in 300mM KCl solutions, and put on the front side of the nanopore device.120 mV was applied between the two sides of the nanopore and the ionic current recorded by an Axopatch 200B patch clamp amplifier.A MiniDigi (Molecular Devices) was used for analog to digital conversion and pCLAMP 10 (Molecular Devices) was used for data acquisition.
Stringent structural and sequence requirements of the human herpesvirus 6B lytic-phase origin of DNA replication. (1997)

The lytic-phase origin of DNA replication from human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B oriLyt) contains two binding sites for the origin-binding protein (OBPH6B), both of which are required for DNA replication and which are separated by an AT-rich spacer. We have tested the functional significance of the structural, spatial and sequence characteristics of this spacer element by constructing a series of mutated origin sequences and analysing their replication efficiency. Changes in the sequence composition of length of the spacer resulted in dramatic decreases in replication efficiency. Furthermore, in contrast to what has been observed for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) oriS, insertion of a complete helical turn of DNA into the spacer also resulted in abrogation of origin function. These data suggest that the arrangement of OBP sites in HHV-6B oriLyt is stringently constrained in terms of spacing and intervening sequence.
Incidental Microscopic Bile Duct Tumor Thrombi in Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Hepatectomy (2015)

In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the presence of bile duct tumor thrombi (BDTT) in the major bile ducts indicates poor prognosis compared with that of HCC patients without BDTT. However, the prognostic significance of incidental microscopic BDTT in the peripheral bile ducts after curative liver resection is not known. We compared the outcomes of HCC patients with and without microscopic BDTT in the peripheral bile ducts who underwent hepatectomy.The electronic medical records of 31 patients with microscopic BDTT (BDTT group) were retrospectively reviewed. To compare the surgical outcomes, 62 patients (No BDTT group) were randomly chosen from the remaining HCC patients without BDTT based on age, sex, etiology of HCC, tumor size, tumor number, and modified Union for International Cancer Control T staging.The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year disease-free survival rates and overall survival rates were 54.8%, 34.0%, 34.0% and 90.1%, 69.2%, 61.0% in the BDTT group and 66.8%, 59.2%, 42.3% and 86.4%, 84.4%, 84.4% in the No BDTT group (P = 0.089 and P = 0.014, respectively). The overall survival curve in the No BDTT group was higher than that in the BDTT group. Multivariate analysis revealed that predisposing factors for tumor recurrence after curative liver resection included increased levels of the protein induced by vitamin K antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), tumor grades 3 and 4, and the presence of BDTT.This study demonstrates that HCC prognosis is worse in patients with incidental microscopic BDTT in the peripheral bile ducts than it is in those without BDTT. The presence of BDTT should therefore be considered when evaluating a patient's HCC prognosis after curative hepatectomy.
Studies on Catalytic Performance of Solid Superacid SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2 in the Esterification of Citric Acid with n-Butanol (2002)

Tri\| n \|butyl citrate(TBC) was synthesized by esterification of citric acid with n \|butanol using solid superacid SO 4 2- /TiO 2 as catalyst. The activity and stability of the catalysts were studied. The effects of (MH\-4)\-2SO\-4 content and calcination temperature on the catalysts and the relationship between their structure and catalytic performance were investigated using Hammett indicator method, XRD, and AES analysis. The results show that the catalytic selectivity amounts to 99%, while 20% (MH\-4)\-2SO\-4 is added and calcinated at 600 ℃. The formation and growth of anatase crystalline phase is the key factor in the improvement of catalytic selectivity. The deactivation of catalysts results from the carbon deposition and loss of SO 4 2- .
Ultrafast dynamics of type-II GaSb/GaAs quantum dots (2015)

In this paper, room temperature two-colour pump-probe spectroscopy is employed to study ultrafast carrier dynamics in type-II GaSb/GaAs quantum dots. Our results demonstrate a strong dependency of carrier capture/escape processes on applied reverse bias voltage, probing wavelength and number of injected carriers. The extracted timescales as a function of both forward and reverse bias may provide important information for the design of efficient solar cells and quantum dot memories based on this material. The first few picoseconds of the dynamics reveal a complex behaviour with an interesting feature, which does not appear in devices based on type-I materials, and hence is linked to the unique carrier capture/escape processes possible in type-II structures.