gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficiency enhancement of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well solar cells using CdS quantum dots and distributed Bragg reflectors (2013)

In recent year, InGaN-based alloy was also considered for photovoltaic devices owing to the distinctive material properties which are benefit photovoltaic performance. However, the Indium tin oxide (ITO) layer on top, which plays a role of transparent conductive oxide (TCO), can absorb UV photons without generating photocurrent. Also, the thin absorber layer in the device, which is consequent result after compromising with limited crystal quality, has caused insufficient light absorption. In this report, we propose an approach for solving these problems. A hybrid design of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) solar cells combined with colloidal CdS quantum dots (QDs) and back side distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) has been demonstrated. CdS QDs provide down-conversion effect at UV regime to avoid absorption of ITO. Moreover, CdS QDs also exhibit anti-reflective feature. DBRs at the back side have effectively reflected the light back into the absorber layer. CdS QDs enhance the external quantum efficiency (EQE) for light with wavelength shorter than 400 nm, while DBRs provide a broad band enhancement in EQE, especially within the region of 400 nm ~ 430 nm in wavelength. CdS QDs effectively achieved a power conversion efficiency enhancement as high as 7.2% compared to the device without assistance of CdS QDs. With the participation of DBRs, the power conversion efficiency enhancement has been further boosted to 14%. We believe that the hybrid design of InGaN/GaN MQWs solar cells with QDs and DBRs can be a method for high efficiency InGaN/GaN MQWs solar cells.
Statistical post-processing improves basis pursuit denoising performance (2010)

For compressive sensing (CS), we explore the framework of Bayesian linear models to achieve a robust reconstruction performance in the presence of measurement noise. Using a priori statistical knowledge, we develop a two stage method such that the performance of a standard l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> norm minimization based CS method improves. In the two stage framework, we use a standard basis pursuit denoising (BPDN) method in the first stage for estimating the support set of higher amplitude signal components and then use a linear estimator in the second stage for achieving better CS reconstruction. Through experimental evaluations, we show that the use of the new two stage based algorithm leads to a better CS reconstruction performance than the direct use of the standard BPDN method.
Two New Leucosesterterpenes from Leucosceptrum canum (2007)

Two new sesterterpenes, 14β -methylleucosesterterpenone (1) and 17α-hydroxyleucosceptrine (2), along with a known triterpene, hypoglauterpenic acid (6), were isolated from the Leucosceptrum canum of Nepalese origin. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopy techniques.
Novel methodology to assess the effect of contouring variation on treatment outcome (2021)

We proposed and successfully applied a novel methodology to explore the correlation between contour variation and treatment outcome. We analyzed the effect of contour deviation of the prostate CTV on biochemical recurrence for a cohort of more than 200 prostate cancer patients while taking basic clinical variables into account. Applying this methodology to a larger dataset including additional clinically important covariates and externally validating it can more robustly identify regions where contour variation directly relates to treatment outcome. For example, in the prostate case we use to demonstrate our novel methodology, external validation will help confirm or reject the counter-intuitive results (larger contours resulting in higher risk). Ultimately, the results of this methodology could inform contouring protocols based on actual patient outcomes.
Syntheses, Structure, Some Band Gaps, and Electronic Structures of CsLnZnTe3 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Y) (2004)

Eleven new quaternary rare-earth tellurides, CsLnZnTe3 (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Y), were prepared from solid-state reactions at 1123 K. These isostructural materials crystallize in the layered KZrCuS3 structure type in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm. The structure is composed of LnTe6 octahedra and ZnTe4 tetrahedra that share edges to form [LnZnTe3] layers. These layers stack perpendicular to [010] and are separated by layers of face- and edge-sharing CsTe8 bicapped trigonal prisms. There are no Te-Te bonds in the structure of these CsLnZnTe3 compounds so the formal oxidation states of Cs/Ln/Zn/Te are 1+/3+/2+/2-. Optical band gaps of 2.13 eV for CsGdZnTe3 and 2.12 eV for CsTbZnTe3 were deduced from single-crystal optical absorption measurements. A first-principles calculation of the density of states and the frequency-dependent optical properties was performed on CsGdZnTe3. The calculated band gap of 2.1 eV is in good agreement with the experimental value. A quadratic fit for the lanthanide contraction of the Ln-Te distance is superior to a linear one if the closed-shell atom is included.
Tactile virtual buttons for mobile devices (2003)

This paper presents a technique to add the tactile cues of real buttons to virtual buttons displayed on mobile devices with touch screens. When the user's finger is on the display, tactile feedback coveys a feeling of button location and activation. We describe two implementations of the technique, using a personal digital assistant (PDA) and a pressure sensitive tablet.
IgE responses to exogenous and endogenous allergens in atopic dermatitis patients under long‐term systemic cyclosporine A treatment (2015)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients mount IgE antibody responses to a variety of environmental allergens and also to autoantigens. We analyzed serum samples from four AD patients who had received oral cyclosporine A (CyA) treatment for up to 17 months regarding IgE autoreactivity to nitrocellulose-blotted human epithelial cell extracts and IgE levels to environmental allergens by quantitative ImmunoCap measurements. Skin inflammation was assessed by SCORAD. During full-dose treatment, a strong reduction in T-cell-mediated skin symptoms was observed which reappeared when CyA treatment was reduced or stopped. The intensity of IgE autoreactivity seemed to follow skin inflammation as it was reduced during full-dose treatment and increased upon inflammation. Interestingly, IgE levels to exogenous allergens were boosted by allergen exposure, declined thereafter, and seemed to be unaffected by CyA. Our data thus indicate that allergen-specific IgE production is boosted by allergen contact and cannot be reduced by CyA-mediated T-cell suppression.
Collective Variables for Free Energy Surface Tailoring -- Understanding and Modifying Functionality in Systems Dominated by Rare Events (2021)

We introduce a method for elucidating and modifying the functionality of systems dominated by rare events that relies on the automated tuning of their underlying free energy surface. The proposed approach seeks to construct collective variables (CVs) that encode the essential information regarding the rare events of the system of interest. The appropriate CVs are identified using Harmonic Linear Discriminant Analysis (HLDA), a machine-learning based method that is trained solely on data collected from short ordinary simulations in the relevant metastable states of the system. Utilizing the interpretable form of the resulting CVs, the critical interaction potentials that determine the system's rare transitions are identified and purposely modified to tailor the free energy surface in manner that alters functionality as desired. The applicability of the method is illustrated in the context of three different systems, thereby demonstrating that thermodynamic and kinetic properties can be tractably modified with little to no prior knowledge or intuition.
Program Analysis For Database Injections (2017)

Today businesses all around the world use databases in many different ways to store sensitive data. It is important that the data stored stay safe and does not get into the wrong hands. To perform data management in a database, the language SQL (Structured Query Language) can be used. It is extremely crucial to prevent these databases from being attacked to ensure the security of the usersâ€™ sensitive and private data. This journal will focus on the most common way hackers exploit data from databases through SQL injection, and it presents dynamic and static code testing to find and prevent these SQL cyber attacks by comparing two testing tools. It will also present a comparative analysis and static/dynamic code testing of two SQL injection detection tools. Burp Suite and Vega will be used to identify possible flaws in test cases dealing with usersâ€™ sensitive and private information. Currently, there are no comparisons of these two open-source tools to quantify the number of flaws these two tools are able to detect. Also, there are no detailed papers found fully testing the open-source Burp Suite and Vega for SQL Injection. These two open-source tools are commonly used but have not been tested enough. A static analyzer detecting SQL Injection will be used to test and compare the results of the dynamic analyzer. In addition, this paper will suggest techniques and methods to ensure the security of sensitive data from SQL injection. The prevention of SQL injection is imperative and it is crucial to secure the sensitive data from potential hackers who want to exploit it.
TIDY: A trust-based approach to information fusion through diversity (2013)

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Reducing statistical noise improves surface measurement accuracy (2011)

been used to achieve high accuracy surface measurement. These have included multiple measurements, phase shifting, wavelength control, and various methods of triangulation or other two-camera stereo measurement. 2 Better cameras and wavelength control increase the complexity (and usually the cost) of the metrology system, while multiple measurements and phase shifting increase the time needed for one final measurement. The basic tradeoff, then, is measurement accuracy vs. cost, complexity, and measurement time.
Texture-dependent frequency selective reconstruction of non-regularly sampled images (2016)

There exist many scenarios where pixel information is available only on a non-regular subset of pixel positions. For further processing, however, it is required to reconstruct such images on a regular grid. Besides many other algorithms, frequency selective reconstruction can be applied for this task. It performs a block-wise generation of a sparse signal model as an iterative superposition of Fourier basis functions and uses this model to replace missing or corrupted pixels in an image. In this paper, it is shown that it is not required to spend the same amount of iterations on both homogeneous and heterogeneous regions. Hence, a new texture-dependent approach for frequency selective reconstruction is introduced that distributes the number of iterations depending on the texture of the regions to be reconstructed. Compared to the original frequency selective reconstruction and depending on the number of iterations, visually noticeable gains in PSNR of up to 1.47 dB can be achieved.
Noncontact laser ultrasound (NCLUS) Path to Operational Medical System (2022)

MIT LL and CURT MGH are developing a novel laser system that acquires ultrasound (US) images from human tissue without patient contact. The system is termed, noncontact laser ultrasound (NCLUS). NCLUS employs a pulsed laser that converts optical energy to US waves at the skin surface via thermoelastic mechanisms. A laser Doppler vibrometer then measures emerging US waves from the tissue interior arriving at the skin surface. NCLUS has potential to advance medical US by overcoming limitations of a contact US probe. Due to its noncontact nature, NCLUS is intended to 1) mitigate operator variability, 2) provide a fixed reference for comparing repeat scans over time, 3) fully automate US image data acquisition, reducing the need for a sonographer, and 4) transmit US in any “array” locations desired. NCLUS can deliver a wide range of array compositions that yield great versatility in acoustic beam shaping and steering in tissue. NCLUS is designed with the goal for multiple applications: anatomical imaging, bone elastography, disease feature tracking, US acquisition through burned or traumatized tissue, neck injuries, open surgical regions, neonatal care, and so forth. We are currently transitioning the NCLUS development from a proof-of-concept system to a risk reduction prototype to determine if NCLUS has a path to meet the requirements of a clinically relevant system.
Scandium versus yttrium{amino-alkoxy-bis(phenolate)} complexes for the stereoselective ring-opening polymerization of racemic lactide and β-butyrolactone (2014)

Scandium and yttrium amide complexes Ln{ONXO(R1,R2)}(N(SiHMe2)2)(THF)n (Ln = Sc, n = 0 or Y, n = 1; X = NMe2 or OMe; R(1) = Cumyl or p-Cl-Cumyl; R(2) = Me or Cumyl) were prepared by aminolysis of Ln[N(SiHMe2)2]3(THF) with the corresponding tetradentate diamino- or alkoxy-amino-bis(phenol) pro-ligands {ONXO(R1,R2)}H2. In the solid state and in toluene solution, the scandium complexes are monomeric and 5-coordinated, while the analogous yttrium complexes all bear an extra THF-coordinated molecule and are 6-coordinated. Sc{ONXO(R1,R2)}(N(SiHMe2)2) complexes are single-site initiators for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of racemic lactide but are less active than their yttrium analogues Y{ONXO(R1,R2)}(N(SiHMe2)2)(THF); also, in contrast to the latter ones, they are inactive in the ROP of the more demanding racemic β-butyrolactone. On the other hand, the scandium amide complexes feature a significantly improved control over the ROP of lactide, yielding PLAs with much narrower molecular weight distributions (Đ(M) < 1.1 for Sc vs. 1.5-2.0 for Y). The yttrium complex with the very bulky o,p-dicumyl-substituted ligand is more heteroselective than its scandium analogue (P(r) = 0.88 vs. 0.83), while the opposite is observed with complexes based on p-methyl-substituted ligands (P(r) = 0.50 in toluene or 0.72-0.75 in THF for Y vs. P(r) = 0.75-0.83 for Sc in toluene). These reactivity and selectivity trends are rationalized by a much more sterically crowded coordination sphere in scandium than in yttrium complexes.
Data Inferencing on Semantic Graphs (DISeG) (Final Report) (2016)

The Data Inferencing on Semantic Graphs project (DISeG) was a two-year investigation of inferencing techniques (focusing on belief propagation) to social graphs with a focus on semantic graphs (also called multi-layer graphs). While working this problem, we developed a new directed version of inferencing we call Directed Propagation (Chapters 2 and 4), identified new semantic graph sampling problems (Chapter 3).
Cutting Edge: The Chemokine Receptor CCR8 Is Preferentially Expressed in Th2 But Not Th1 Cells (1998)

Abstract In this paper we report on the cloning and characterization of mouse CCR8. Like its human homologue, it is predominantly expressed in the thymus. In the periphery, murine CCR8 mRNA was found most abundantly expressed in activated Th2-polarized cells and in NK1.1+CD4+ T cells. Human CCR8 is also preferentially expressed in human Th2-polarized cells and clones. This pattern of expression suggests that CCR8 is part of a Th2-specific gene expression program. The CCR8 ligands I-309 and its mouse homologue T cell activation gene 3 (TCA-3) are potent chemoattractants for Th2-polarized cells. Taken together, these observations strongly suggest that CCR8 plays a role in the control of Th2 responses, and may represent a potential target for treatment of allergic diseases.
Non-native Contents Detection and Localization for Online Fashion Images (2019)

Non-native content detection is about detecting regions of contents in an image that do not belong to the original or natural contents of the image. In the online fashion market, sellers often add non-native contents to their product images in order to emphasize the features of their products and get more views. However, from the buyer&#x2019;s point of view, these excessive contents are often redundant and may interfere with the evaluation of the major contents or products in the image. In this paper, we propose two methods for detecting non-native content in online fashion images. The first one utilizes the special properties of image mosaicing and de-mosaicing where there are local correlations between pixels of an image. The second method is based on the periodic properties of interpolations which is a common process involved in the creation of forged images. Performance of the two methods are compared by testing on a dataset consisting of real images from an online fashion marketplace. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of both methods.
Biodegradable, Sustainable Hydrogel Actuators with Shape and Stiffness Morphing Capabilities via Embedded 3D Printing (2023)

Abstract Despite the impressive performance of recent marine robots, many of their components are non‐biodegradable or even toxic and may negatively impact sensitive ecosystems. To overcome these limitations, biologically‐sourced hydrogels are a candidate material for marine robotics. Recent advances in embedded 3D printing have expanded the design freedom of hydrogel additive manufacturing. However, 3D printing small‐scale hydrogel‐based actuators remains challenging. In this study, Free form reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) printing is applied to fabricate small‐scale biologically‐derived, marine‐sourced hydraulic actuators by printing thin‐wall structures that are water‐tight and pressurizable. Calcium‐alginate hydrogels are used, a sustainable biomaterial sourced from brown seaweed. This process allows actuators to have complex shapes and internal cavities that are difficult to achieve with traditional fabrication techniques. Furthermore, it demonstrates that fabricated components are biodegradable, safely edible, and digestible by marine organisms. Finally, a reversible chelation‐crosslinking mechanism is implemented to dynamically modify alginate actuators' structural stiffness and morphology. This study expands the possible design space for biodegradable marine robots by improving the manufacturability of complex soft devices using biologically‐sourced materials.
AMACE1:  Versatile Aminoacetamide Electrophore Reagent (2000)

Acetamide, 2-amino-N-[[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-methyl]-N-methyl-, monohydrochloride, which we have named AMACE1, was synthesized in three steps starting from N-tritylglycine. AMACE1 was coupled via its primary amine group (pKa 8.2) under aqueous conditions to four model analytes for oxidative sugar damage to DNA: glycolate, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 3-phenylbutyraldehyde, and alpha-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone, relying on cyanoborohydride for coupling to a keto function and a water-soluble carbodiimide for coupling to a carboxyl function. Further reaction with butyric anhydride led to products that could be detected by gas chromatography/electron capture mass spectrometry when 1 microL of ethyl acetate containing essentially 20 amol of each product was injected, on the basis of selected ion monitoring of the analyte characteristic anion fragment from dissociative loss of the 3,5-bis-(trifluoromethyl)phenylmethyl moiety: m/z 215, 289, 299, and 329, respectively. Since many small, organic analytes contain a keto or carboxylic acid group, AMACE1 should be useful in general in the area of trace organic analysis.
Control Mechanism for cis Double‐Bond Formation by Polyunsaturated Fatty‐Acid Synthases (2019)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (ARA) are essential fatty acids for humans. Some microorganisms biosynthesize these PUFAs through PUFA synthases composed of four subunits with multiple catalytic domains. These PUFA synthases each create a specific PUFA without undesirable byproducts, even though the multiple catalytic domains in each large subunit are very similar. However, the detailed biosynthetic pathways and mechanisms for controlling final-product profiles are still obscure. In this study, the FabA-type dehydratase domain (DH<sub>FabA</sub> ) in the C-subunit and the polyketide synthase-type dehydratase domain (DH<sub>PKS</sub> ) in the B-subunit of ARA synthase were revealed to be essential for ARA biosynthesis by in vivo gene exchange assays. Furthermore, in vitro analysis with truncated recombinant enzymes and C<sub>4</sub> - to C<sub>8</sub> -acyl ACP substrates showed that ARA and EPA synthases utilized two types of DH domains, DH<sub>PKS</sub> and DH<sub>FabA</sub> , depending on the carbon-chain length, to introduce either saturation or cis double bonds to growing acyl chains.
Synthesis and characterization of polymeric implant for kyphoplasty (2008)

Copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and lauryl methacrylate (LMA) were prepared to obtain injectable ductile materials to be used in restoring vertebra height in kyphoplasty. Copolymers with M(w) in the range of 130,000 and polydispersity of 1.8 were obtained. Several aspects of the effect of adding LMA monomers were examined including intrinsic viscosity, thermal properties, mechanical properties, and the ability to be injected under high pressure. By increasing the amount of LMA, the ductility of the polymer was increased, accompanied by a decrease in Young's modulus and strength. The copolymer with monomers ratio (MMA:LMA) 1:1 v/v possessed the most suitable mechanical properties and injectability, which may have potential clinical use in orthopedics.
Light-scattering experiments on phase-separation dynamics in binary fluid mixtures (1992)

We present the method and results of two phase-separation experiments performed on the binary-polymer blend polyisoprene-poly(ethylene-propylene). Elastic light scattering and optical microscopy were used to follow the phase separation after quenches into the coexistence region of the phase diagram. For off-critical quenches, we observed the formation of spherical droplets which obtained nearly monodisperse radius distributions over some fraction of the free-growth period. These results are interpreted within the framework of a heterogeneous nucleation process and diffusion-driven dynamics. For critical quenches, we observed the well-known bicontinuous infinite-cluster morphology normally associated with spinodal decomposition, but with two distinct growth modes. In the bulk, we observed L(t)\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{t}}^{1/3}$, which is consistent with diffusion-driven dynamics, whereas near the sample walls we obtained a fast growth with L(t)\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{t}}^{3/2}$, inconsistent with either diffusion- or interface-driven dynamics. We attribute this large exponent to wetting effects, but still lack any theoretical understanding of the phonomenon.
Service Modelling (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Requirements for service modelling Existing service models Service model framework Example: augmented VoIP Conclusion References