gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly magnetic latexes from submicrometer oil in water ferrofluid emulsions (2006)

Abstract The synthesis of functionalized submicrometer magnetic latex particles is described as obtained from a preformed magnetic emulsion composed of organic ferrofluid droplets dispersed in water. Composite (polystyrene/γ‐Fe 2 O 3 ) particles were prepared according to a two‐step procedure including the swelling of ferrofluid droplets with styrene and a crosslinking agent (divinyl benzene) followed by seeded emulsion polymerization with either an oil‐soluble [2,2′‐azobis(2‐isobutyronitrile)] or water‐soluble (potassium persulfate) initiator. Depending on the polymerization conditions, various particle morphologies were obtained, ranging from asymmetric structures, for which the polymer phase was separated from the inorganic magnetic phase, to regular core–shell morphologies showing a homogeneous encapsulation of the magnetic pigment by a crosslinked polymeric shell. The magnetic latexes were extensively characterized to determine their colloidal and magnetic properties. The desired core–shell structure was efficiently achieved with a given styrene/divinyl benzene ratio, potassium persulfate as the initiator, and an amphiphilic functional copolymer as the ferrofluid droplet stabilizer. Under these conditions, ferrofluid droplets were successfully turned into superparamagnetic polystyrene latex particles, about 200 nm in size, containing a large amount of iron oxide (60 wt %) and bearing carboxylic surface charges. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2642–2656, 2006
Difference of Tactile Perception Models by Individuals and Dominant Factor of Fabric Hand for Knitted Fabric for Underwear (2019)

In the textile industry, fabric hand is one of the crucial aspects that influence the value of fabric. However, the judgement of fabric hand may vary across subjects. Thus, this study proposes to group the subjects based on their evaluation of fabric hand, and the tactile sensations that are dominantly related to fabric hand are investigated. First, a sensory evaluation of eight knitted fabric samples was carried out using 14 verbal expressions of tactile sensation. These 14 verbal expressions were hierarchically classified into three stages which were called as low-order of tactile sensation, high-order of tactile sensation and lastly, fabric hand. After grouping the subjects by using cluster analysis, a principal component analysis was conducted in each stage of tactile sensation to gather the strong correlations of the verbal expressions. Then, the correlations between principal components of each stage were determined by multiple regression analysis. As a result, the study showed that the subjects could be mainly grouped into two. The former group expressed fabric hand as good when the fabric is soft and moist. On the other hand, the latter group defined good fabric hand when the fabric is silky and smooth.
Assessing Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Antibodies in Caucasian and First Nations Cohorts (2011)

The positivity rates of these antibodies in First Nations, despite the low incidence of IBD in this population, suggest that these antibodies are unlikely to be of pathogenetic significance.
Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative: the New York conference (2002)

The need to create a coordinated plan to analyze, summarize, and present current evidence in the treatment of acute renal failure finally found its practical expression in the first international meeting of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative in New York. Experts from different fields and continents got together and took the first step in a planned and comprehensive approach to the problem of acute renal failure in all of its facets. In this report, the details of the New York conference, its rationale, and its methodology are presented, and the goals and scope of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative are introduced to the critical care community
The Effect of Particle Size Distribution on the Microstructure and the Mechanical Properties of Boron Carbide‐Based Reaction‐Bonded Composites (2008)

The presence of unreacted, free silicon lowers the mechanical properties of reaction‐bonded boron carbide. The fraction of free silicon can be reduced by increasing the green density of the initial boron carbide performs. The use of multimodal boron carbide mixtures allows attaining 75% green density. After reaction bonding with molten silicon, the composites consist of four phases, namely the original B 4 C particles, the B 12 (B,C,Si) 3 phase, product of the dissolution–precipitation process, β‐SiC, and residual Si. The volume fraction of residual Si in the composites is in the 8–10% range. The infiltrated composites display elevated values of the mechanical properties with a high Weibull modulus.
Surface Energy Relay Between Cosensitized Molecules in Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2011)

We employ cosensitization of a visible absorbing organic sensitizer and a near IR absorbing Zn-phthalocyanine complex to significantly enhance the optical bandwidth in spiro-OMeTAD based solid-state DSCs. The cosensitized cells exhibit greatly enhanced performance, with full sun AM1.5 power conversion efficiencies of 4.7%, as compared to 3.9% for the best monosensitized device. Unexpectedly, further to broadening the spectral response, the addition of the near IR sensitizer greatly enhances the spectral response in the visible region. Through both electronic and spectroscopic investigations, we demonstrate that resonant energy transfer occurs from the visible to the near IR sensitizer. This unforeseen charge generation route works in conjunction with direct electron transfer from the visible sensitizer, improving the overall charge generation efficiency and explaining the panchromatic enhancements with the cosensitized system. This previously unobserved mechanism for charge generation relaxes the design criteria for visible absorbing sensitizers, providing a second, and possibly primary, channel for efficient charge generation.
Negative selection of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes by T cell receptor-induced apoptosis requires a costimulatory signal that can be provided by CD28. (1994)

CD4+CD8+ thymocytes expressing self-reactive T cell antigen receptors (TCR) are deleted in the thymus as a consequence of TCR/self-antigen/major histocompatibility complex interactions. However, the signals that are necessary to initiate clonal deletion have not yet been clarified. Here we demonstrate that TCR engagement does not efficiently induce apoptosis of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, although it generates signals that increase expression of CD5, a thymocyte differentiation marker. In fact, TCR signals fail to induce thymocyte apoptosis even when augmented by simultaneous engagement with CD4 or lymphocyte function 1-associated molecules. In marked contrast, signals generated by engagement of both TCR and the costimulatory molecule CD28 potently induce apoptosis of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. Thus, the present results define a requirement for both TCR and costimulatory signals for thymocyte apoptosis and identify CD28 as one molecule that is capable of providing the necessary costimulus. These results provide a molecular basis for differences among cell types in their ability to mediate negative selection of developing thymocytes.
Broad-band Dynamic Dispersion Compensation in Nonlinear Fiber-Based Device (2004)

In this paper we report on the design, numerical simulation and experimental testing of a novel dynamic dispersion compensation device based on self-phase modulation (SPM) in nonlinear fiber. The proposed all-fiber device is inherently simple and presents several unique advantages, most notably the potential for a broad-band operation covering all wave-length division multiplexing (WDM) channels of a system and the ability to address variable amounts of residual dispersion in each individual channel. Dynamic compensation ranges of up to 140 ps/nm for a single-stage and 240 ps/nm for a two-stage device are demonstrated with 40 Gb/s CS-RZ signal. It is shown that the device can operate with a minimum channel spacing of 200 GHz. For a two-stage device with inter-stage spectral filtering, simultaneous dynamic dispersion compensation (130 ps/nm for 1 dB penalty) and 2R regeneration (2 dB receiver sensitivity improvement) are demonstrated.
Neural Point-based Shape Modeling of Humans in Challenging Clothing (2022)

Parametric 3D body models like SMPL only represent minimally-clothed people and are hard to extend to clothing because they have a fixed mesh topology and resolution. To address these limitations, recent work uses implicit surfaces or point clouds to model clothed bodies. While not limited by topology, such methods still struggle to model clothing that deviates significantly from the body, such as skirts and dresses. This is because they rely on the body to canonicalize the clothed surface by reposing it to a reference shape. Unfortunately, this process is poorly defined when clothing is far from the body. Additionally, they use linear blend skinning to pose the body and the skinning weights are tied to the underlying body parts. In contrast, we model the clothing deformation in a local coordinate space without canonicalization. We also relax the skinning weights to let multiple body parts influence the surface. Specifically, we extend point-based methods with a coarse stage, that replaces canonicalization with a learned pose-independent “coarse shape” that can capture the rough surface geometry of clothing like skirts. We then refine this using a network that infers the linear blend skinning weights and pose dependent displacements from the coarse representation. The approach works well for garments that both conform to, and deviate from, the body. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach by learning person-specific avatars from examples and then show how they can be animated in new poses and motions. We also show that the method can learn directly from raw scans with missing data, greatly simplifying the process of creating realistic avatars. Code is available for research purposes at https://qianlim.github.io/SkiRT.
NLOS Error Mitigation for TOA-Based Localization via Convex Relaxation (2014)

In this paper, we address the time-of-arrival (TOA) based localization problem in an adverse environment, where line-of-sight (LOS) signal propagation between the source and the sensor is not readily available, in which case we have to resort to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signals. Two convex relaxation methods, i.e., the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and the second-order cone relaxation (SOCR) methods, are proposed to mitigate the effect of NLOS errors on the localization performance. We consider two separate cases in which the information of the NLOS status is totally unknown and perfectly known, respectively. The proposed methods can be applied without knowing the distribution of NLOS errors. Moreover, we propose a NLOS error mitigation method that is robust to detection errors, which are generated in the process of detecting NLOS paths. Simulation results show that the proposed convex relaxation methods outperform some existing state-of-the-art methods.
Treatment of proteinuria with low-molecular-weight heparin after renal transplantation (2004)

The development of nephrotic-range proteinuria after renal transplantation is an unfavourable prognostic factor for graft survival. In contrast to that in other nephropathies, the role of renin-angiotensin blockade in kidney transplantation is less well defined, and its anti-proteinuric effect is markedly reduced in the presence of segmental glomerulosclerosis. Here, we describe two patients who developed severe proteinuria after renal transplantation, despite effective blood pressure control with an ACE inhibitor. Histological changes were consistent with IgA-nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Both patients were treated with low-molecular-weight heparin in addition to pre-existing ACE inhibition. This regimen led to a significant and long-lasting reduction of proteinuria. Our data suggest that low-molecular-weight heparin possesses strong renoprotective properties, thus confirming previous data from experimental nephropathies. This approach might represent a promising new strategy for treatment of proteinuria after kidney transplantation.
3′-DEOXYRIBOFURANOSE DERIVATIVES OF 1-DEAZA AND 3-DEAZA-ADENOSINE AND THEIR ACTIVITY AS ADENOSINE DEAMINASE INHIBITORS (2001)

2,6-Dichloro-1-deazapurine and 2,6-dichloro-3-deazapurine were coupled with 1,2-O-diacetyl-5-O-benzoyl-3-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose. Deprotection of the obtained compounds and reaction with liquid ammonia gave the desired 2-chloroadenine nucleosides, which were dechlorinated to afford the corresponding 1-deaza and 3-deazaadenosine derivatives. Biological studies performed on ADA from calf intestine showed that these new nucleosides are inhibitors of the enzyme.
Ballistic electron diffractive switches: design and performance analysis (1992)

Due to advances in nanostructure fabrication techniques, many devices have been fabricated that exhibit ballistic electron transport and quantum interference effects [1]. In addition, recent experiments have demonstrated the “optical like” characteristics of these ballistic electrons through refraction and diffraction experiments [2-3]. Based on these results, a class of ballistic electron grating diffraction devices was recently proposed [4]. Using the methods developed in Ref. [4], a ballistic electron diffractive switch and multiplexer are designed and analyzed in this paper. The present work contains the first systematic design and analysis of grating diffraction devices in which it is shown that over 90% of the ballistic input current can be diffracted into one or multiple outputs.
Improved qubit bifurcation readout in the straddling regime of circuit QED (2012)

We study bifurcation measurement of a multilevel superconducting qubit using a nonlinear resonator biased in the straddling regime, where the resonator frequency sits between two qubit transition frequencies. We find that high-fidelity bifurcation measurements are possible because of the enhanced qubit-state-dependent pull of the resonator frequency, the behavior of qubit-induced nonlinearities, and the reduced Purcell decay rate of the qubit that can be realized in this regime. Numerical simulations find up to a threefold improvement in qubit readout fidelity when operating in, rather than outside of, the straddling regime. High-fidelity measurements can be obtained at much smaller qubit-resonator couplings than current typical experimental realizations, reducing spectral crowding and potentially simplifying the implementation of multiqubit devices.
Crystal structure of 1,3,3,4,6,6-hexaferrocenyl-hexa-4,5-dien-l-yne, C66H54Fe6 (2003)

Article Crystal structure of 1,3,3,4,6,6-hexaferrocenyl-hexa-4,5-dien-l-yne, C66H54Fe6 was published on December 1, 2003 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 218, issue JG).
DIPG-16. COMBINATION OF ARGININE DEPLETION AND POLYAMINE INHIBITION AS AN ANTICANCER STRATEGY FOR DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA (DIPG) (2020)

Abstract DIPG is an aggressive pediatric brainstem tumor, with a median survival below 12 months. Tumor cells are dependent upon arginine, a semi-essential amino acid, metabolised by arginase enzymes into ornithine, a pivotal precursor to the polyamine pathway. Polyamines, frequently upregulated in cancer, are intracellular polycations controlling key biological processes – the inhibition of which we have previously shown to be highly efficacious in preclinical DIPG models. Pegylated arginase (BCT-100) has recently been shown to significantly delay tumor development, prolonging survival of neuroblastoma-prone Th-MYCN mice. This study investigated the effects of arginine depletion therapy as a single agent and in combination with polyamine pathway inhibitors in DIPG. We found that ARG2, the gene encoding for arginase II, is expressed significantly more highly in DIPG tumors compared to normal brain. Arginine depletion via BCT-100 reduced DIPG cell proliferation and colony formation in patient-derived cell lines. Using orthotopic patient-derived xenograft models of DIPG, we found that frequent dosing of BCT-100 (4x/week) significantly delayed tumor development and increased the survival of the mice (p&amp;lt;0.0001). DFMO is an FDA-approved inhibitor of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase, a key driver of polyamine synthesis. The combination of BCT-100 with DFMO led to significant enhancement in DIPG survival (p&amp;lt;0.005 compared to single agent treatments). Triple combination therapy with addition of the polyamine transport inhibitor AMXT-1501 led to a potent and profound improvement in survival. These data show that arginine depletion therapy using BCT-100 combined with dual polyamine inhibitory agents represents a potentially exciting new approach for the treatment of DIPG.
Unique cellular network formation guided by heterostructures based on reduced graphene oxide - Ti3C2Tx MXene hydrogels (2020)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials remain highly interesting for assembling three-dimensional (3D) structures, amongst others, in the form of macroscopic hydrogels. Herein, we present a novel approach for inducing chemical inter-sheet crosslinks via an ethylenediamine mediated reaction between Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> and graphene oxide in order to obtain a reduced graphene oxide-MXene (rGO-MXene) hydrogel. The composite hydrogels are hydrophilic with a stiffness of ~20 kPa. They also possess a unique inter-connected porous architecture, which led to a hitherto unprecedented ability of human cells across three different types, epithelial adenocarcinoma, neuroblastoma and fibroblasts, to form inter-connected three-dimensional networks. The attachments of the cells to the rGO-MXene hydrogels were superior to those of the sole rGO-control gels. This phenomenon stems from the strong affinity of cellular protrusions (neurites, lamellipodia and filopodia) to grow and connect along architectural network paths within the rGO-MXene hydrogel, which could lead to advanced control over macroscopic formations of cellular networks for technologically relevant bioengineering applications, including tissue engineering and personalized diagnostic networks-on-chip. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Conventional hydrogels are made of interconnected polymeric fibres. Unlike conventional case, we used hydrothermal and chemical approach to form interconnected porous hydrogels made of two-dimensional flakes from graphene oxide and metal carbide from a new family of MXenes (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>). This way, we formed three-dimensional porous hydrogels with unique porous architecture of well-suited chemical surfaces and stiffness. Cells from three different types cultured on these scaffolds formed extended three-dimensional networks - a feature of extended cellular proliferation and pre-requisite for formation of organoids. Considering the studied 2D materials typically constitute materials exhibiting enhanced supercapacitor performances, our study points towards better understanding of design of tissue engineering materials for the future bioengineering fields including personalized diagnostic networks-on-chip, such as artificial heart actuators.
Gate-First AlGaN/GaN HEMT Technology for High-Frequency Applications (2009)

This letter describes a gate-first AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with a W/high- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> dielectric gate stack. In this new fabrication technology, the gate stack is deposited before the ohmic contacts, and it is optimized to stand the 870degC ohmic contact annealing. The deposition of the W/high- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> dielectric protects the intrinsic transistor early in the fabrication process. Three different gate stacks were studied: W/ HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , W/Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , and W/HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . DC characterization showed transconductances of up to 215 mS/mm, maximum drain current densities of up to 960 mA/mm, and more than five orders of magnitude lower gate leakage current than in the conventional gate-last Ni/Au/Ni gate HEMTs. Capacitance-voltage measurements and pulsed- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IV</i> characterization show no hysteresis for the W/HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> / Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> capacitors and low interface traps. These W/high- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> dielectric gates are an enabling technology for self-aligned AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, where the gate contact acts as a hard mask to the ohmic deposition.
Tribological Tool for Design of High Reliability Hydraulic Components (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the global design of an hydraulic jack or a shock absorber, the tribological problems lie on one hand in the definition of the surface of the piston rod in terms of hardness, scale of roughness and morphology, on another hand in the definition of adequate fluid, seals and guiding elements with respect to such surface, both definitions ensuring that the system will demonstrate the lowest possible level of fluid leakage, together with the lowest and most stable values of friction coefficient and wear rate.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Abrasion and corrosion resistance being needed as well as tightness and smooth friction, two surface treatments are presently used: hard chromium plating (with ou without nickel underlayer depending on the corrosion resistance required), and oxynitrocarburizing. The latest involved in one of its recent development a first stage of ferritic nitriding nitrocarburizing is molten salt with a controlled catalyst, followed by an oxidizing sequence and a further step of mechanical finishing to adapt the surface roughness to specific operating requirements.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This article investigates the compared frictional behavior of oxynitrocarburized and hard chromium plated steel components, sliding against seal and guiding materials in lubricated conditions. Experiments are made using model test rig and actual hydraulic systems. Comparative friction and wear data are presented. A discussion based on a new approach of surface roughness description is then proposed. This innovative approach enables to provide a unique quantitative parameter to describe the functional properties of a surface sliding in lubricated conditions.&lt;/div&gt;
Trends in Use and Adverse Outcomes Associated with Transvenous Lead Removal in the United States (2015)

The overall complication rate in patients undergoing TLR was higher than previously reported. Female sex and device infections are associated with higher complications. Hospital volume was not associated with higher complication rates. The number of adverse events in the literature likely underestimates the actual number of complications associated with TLR.