gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Hurdles in Thermomorphic Multicomponent Systems in the Rhodium-Catalyzed Multiphase Hydroformylation (2023)

Ethylene carbonate is a rather uncommon solvent in chemistry, but it can be used as a low-viscosity, polar, aprotic solvent. Its most interesting feature is the melting point above room temperature, which allows for crystallization of the ethylene carbonate-based catalyst phase from the reaction solution. The dynamic phase behavior of such reaction systems was investigated in depth in this work. Ethylene carbonate and the hydroformylation product nonanal form a yield-dependent thermomorphic multicomponent system during the Rh/sulfoXantphos-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-octene. This results in a limited conversion due to the yield-dependent precipitation of the polar catalyst. Thus, modifications to the system, such as the addition of decane to the organic phase or water to the catalyst phase, have been investigated to limit the precipitation of the catalyst.
Development of an IL-17A DNA Vaccine to Treat Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Mice (2020)

The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family, especially IL-17A, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study developed an IL-17A epitope vaccine to treat SLE in NZBWF1 and MRL/lpr mouse models. A plasmid vector encoding a hepatitis B core (HBc)-IL-17A epitope fusion protein was injected using electroporation into the skeletal muscle of NZBWF1(New Zealand Black mice x New Zealand White mice F1 hybrid strain) or MRL/lpr mice three times at 2-week intervals. As a result, anti-IL-17A antibodies were successfully produced in the HBc-IL-17A group. Accordingly, serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentrations were significantly reduced in the HBc-IL-17A group. According to pathological analysis, the IL-17A DNA vaccine significantly suppressed renal tissue damage and macrophage infiltration. Consequently, the survival rate was significantly improved in the HBc-IL-17A group. In addition, we evaluated the antigen reactivity of splenocytes from IL-17A-immunized mice using an enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISPot) assay for safety evaluation. Splenocytes from IL-17A-immunized mice were significantly stimulated by the HBc epitope peptide, but not by the IL-17A epitope or recombinant IL-17A. These results indicate that the IL-17A vaccine did not induce autoreactive T cells against endogenous IL-17A. This study demonstrates for the first time that an IL-17A DNA vaccine significantly reduced organ damage and extended survival time in lupus-prone mice.
Carbon-Induced UV Sensitivity in Aluminum Nitride (1998)

Abstract Aluminum nitride, translucent, calcia-sintered and hot pressed, with its superior thermal properties has applications in high performance electronic devices such as multichip modules. In these applications, A1N is exposed to high energy electromagnetic sources which could alter its properties; for example, upon UV irradiation, thermal conductivity drops and dielectric loss increases. These observations indicate that the UV altered properties are due to the presence of impurities. The early studies concentrated primarily on oxygen doped samples, which photodarken upon UV exposure; the role of other impurities was not considered. In the current work, we consider the role of carbon in the microstructure of two very low oxygen content (&amp;lt; 0.3 wt %), carbon-containing samples, labeled B and E, for the ultimate purpose of 3 determining the mechanism by which carbon impurities affect the properties of A1N. Previous work on these samples correlated higher carbon content with a lower increase in the dielectric loss factor, after UV irradiation,
Effects of tachykinins and selective tachykinin receptor agonists on vascular permeability in the rat lower urinary tract: evidence for the involvement of NK‐1 receptors (1989)

1. Intravenous administration of three mammalian tachykinins (substance P, neurokinin A and neurokinin B) and three non-mammalian tachykinins (physalaemin, eledoisin and kassinin) induced dose-dependent increases in vascular permeability, as measured by Evans blue leakage technique, in various segments of the lower urinary tract (bladder dome and neck, proximal urethra, ureters) in urethane-anaesthetized rats. 2. Plasma extravasation induced by substance P (3.71 nmol kg-1 i.v.) was unaffected by pretreatment with antihistaminic drugs or methysergide. 3. A comparison of the relative potencies of various tachykinins did not allow characterization of a distinct type of receptor involved in the increase in vascular permeability. 4. The effects of tachykinin-related peptides which are selective agonists at the NK-1 (substance P-methylester, [Pro9]-SP-sulphone), NK-2 receptor [( Nle10]-NKA(4-10] or NK-3 receptor [( MePhe7]-NKB(4-10) and Senktide) indicated that NK-1 agonists are effective in the whole lower urinary tract, while NK-2 or NK-3 agonists are inactive or weakly active. 5. [beta-Ala4, Sar9]-SP(4-11)-sulphone, a selective NK-1 receptor agonist devoid of histamine-releasing properties, was highly potent and effective in producing plasma extravasation in the rat lower urinary tract. 6. These findings indicate that NK-1 receptors mediate the effect of intravenous tachykinins on vascular permeability in the rat lower urinary tract, through a histamine-independent mechanism.
Using Graphlet Spectrograms for Temporal Pattern Analysis of Virus-Research Collaboration Networks (2020)

We introduce a new method for temporal pattern analysis of scientific collaboration networks. We investigate in particular virus research activities through five epidemic or pandemic outbreaks in the recent two decades and in the ongoing pandemic with COVID-19. Our method embodies two innovative components. The first is a simple model of temporal collaboration networks with time segmented in publication time and convolved in citation history, to effectively capture and accommodate collaboration activities at mixed time scales. The second component is the novel use of graphlets to encode topological structures and to detect change and persistence in collaboration activities over time. We discover in particular two unique and universal roles of bi-fork graphlet in (1) identifying bridges among triangle clusters and (2) quantifying grassroots as the backbone of every collaboration network. We present a number of intriguing patterns and findings about the virus-research activities.
Szczepienia ochronne u dzieci w trakcie i po leczeniu onkologicznym oraz w wybranych chorobach hematologicznych: rekomendacje Polskiego Towarzystwa Onkologii i Hematologii Dziecięcej (2019)

Streszczenie Zakażenia są jednym z największych zagrożeń dla chorych w trakcie i po leczeniu chorób nowotworowych. Dla dzieci z nieonkologicznymi schorzeniami hematologicznymi infekcje wiążą się ze zwiększonym ryzykiem powikłań, a także mogą być czynnikiem spustowym wystąpienia lub zaostrzenia problemu zdrowotnego. Jedynym skutecznym i bezpiecznym sposobem zapobiegania zakażeniom są szczepienia ochronne. Zalecenia odnośnie do ich realizacji zmieniają się w czasie, w zależności od aktualnej sytuacji epidemiologicznej, dostępu do szczepionek, a także danych dotyczących bezpieczeństwa ich stosowania w grupach ryzyka. Prezentowana praca przedstawia aktualne rekomendacje Polskiego Towarzystwa Hematologii i Onkologii Dziecięcej, dotyczące zasad immunizacji dzieci z chorobami nowotworowymi i schorzeniami hematologicznymi.
A Novel Three-Dimensional Packaging Method for Al-Metalized SiC Power Devices (2009)

A novel three-dimensional packaging method for Al-metalized SiC power devices has been developed by means of Au stud bumping technology and a subsequent vacuum reflow soldering process with Au-20Sn solder paste. Al-metalized electrodes of a SiC power chip can be robustly assembled to a direct bonded copper (DBC) substrate with this method. The bump shear strength of a Au stud bump on an Al electrode of a SiC chip increased with bonding temperature. The die shear strength of a SiC chip on the DBC substrate increased with the number of Au stud bumps which were preformed on the Al electrode. The bonded SiC-SBD chips on a DBC substrate were aged at 250degC in a vacuum furnace and the morphologies, die shear strength and electrical properties were investigated after a certain aging time. After 1000 h aging at 250degC, the electrical resistance of the bonded SiC-SBD chips only increased about 0.4%, the residual die shear strength was much higher than that of the IEC749 (or JEITA) standard value, and little morphological change was observed by a micro-focus X-ray TV system. Very little diffusion between Au stud bumps and Au-20Sn solder was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersed X-ray analyzer (EDX). Intermetallic compounds (IMC) evolved at the interface of chip/solder and chip/Au stud bumps after 1000 h aging at 250degC. With this method, power devices with Al bond pads can be three-dimensionally packaged.
Abstract 276: Targeting signaling networks via RNAi to improve therapy for ovarian cancer (2012)

Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the second most common gynecologic malignancy, and the leading cause of death from gynecological cancers. At the time of presentation, most ovarian cancers are no longer dependent on single genetic determinants for growth and/or survival, and targeted therapies used as single agents typically do not work in this disease. We hypothesized that network-based synthetic lethality screens would help identify critical pathways to target in combination therapy. We have used RNAi screening with a targeted library to identify a set of gene candidates that influence the response of EOC cells to the Src-targeting agent dasatinib, a promising agent for treatment of EOC. We identified sets of siRNAs that specifically modulated cell resistance to dasatinib, or directly affected EOC cell survival. We then compared this set of siRNAs with previously identified modulators of response to EGFR-targeting agents and cytotoxic drugs, contrasting action in EOC cell lines versus other types of cancer cell lines. From a set of 60 siRNAs intrinsically reducing cell growth and survival, some (16 siRNAs) were specific for EOC cells. In contrast, 38 siRNAs antagonized the response of EOC cells to dasatinib, and are promising drug treatment-resistance biomarkers. We concluded validation of EOC-specific hits. Mapping the pattern of drug treatment-resistance hits together with drug treatment-sensitive hits revealed suggestive clusters of very closely interacting proteins clustering with well validated modulators of cancer cell survival, implying we have identified key cancer signaling nodes. Screening candidates, e.g., PTPN12, Spry4, and HSPA8, which cluster with well-validated cancer-related signaling hubs, are being examined. These studies offer an opportunity to employ a functional approach to identify critical drug response-modifying genes that can be therapeutically targeted as biomarkers and drug targets to improve EOC treatment outcomes with emerging targeted agents. (This work was supported by the fellowship grant from Sass Foundation for Medical Research, Inc, Roslyn, New York to H. Liu, NIH FCCC-UPenn ovarian cancer SPORE (P50 CA083638), and NIH (R01 CA140323).) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 276. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-276
Measurement of the W boson polarisation in $$t\bar{t}$$ t t ¯ events from pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ s = 8 TeV in the lepton + jets channel with ATLAS (2017)

This paper presents a measurement of the polarisation of <i>W</i> bosons from [Formula: see text] decays, reconstructed in events with one high-[Formula: see text] lepton and at least four jets. Data from <i>pp</i> collisions at the LHC were collected at [Formula: see text] = 8 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb[Formula: see text]. The angle [Formula: see text] between the <i>b</i>-quark from the top quark decay and a direct <i>W</i> boson decay product in the <i>W</i> boson rest frame is sensitive to the <i>W</i> boson polarisation. Two different <i>W</i> decay products are used as polarisation analysers: the charged lepton and the down-type quark for the leptonically and hadronically decaying <i>W</i> boson, respectively. The most precise measurement of the <i>W</i> boson polarisation via the distribution of [Formula: see text] is obtained using the leptonic analyser and events in which at least two of the jets are tagged as <i>b</i>-quark jets. The fitted fractions of longitudinal, left- and right-handed polarisation states are [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and are the most precisely measured <i>W</i> boson polarisation fractions to date. Limits on anomalous couplings of the <i>Wtb</i> vertex are set.
Three-dimensional analytical subthreshold models for bulk MOSFETs (1995)

Three-dimensional device-physics-based analytical models are developed for subthreshold conduction in uniformly doped small geometry (i.e., simultaneously short channel and narrow width) bulk MOSFETs, for various isolation schemes. Inverse-narrow width effects, where the threshold voltage decreases with decreasing channel width, are predicted by the model for trench isolated MOSFETs. For LOGOS isolated MOSFETs, conventional narrow width effects, where the threshold voltage increases due to decreasing channel width, are predicted. The narrow width effects are found to be comparable to the short channel effects in the absence of significant applied drain biases. However, for larger drain biases, the short channel effects outweigh the narrow width effects due to the weaker potential perturbation at the device width edges compared to the drain end. Unlike the threshold voltage, the subthreshold swing of the device is found to increase with reduced device dimensions regardless of the isolation scheme since both conventional and inverse narrow width effects result in weaker control of the surface potential by the gate.
Carbon nanotube networks by chemical vapor deposition (2003)

We have demonstrated assembly of two- and three-dimensional networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using a microsphere assembly approach. The catalyst microcapsules are made from the solution based impregnation of uniform diameter, porous polystyrene microspheres. Chemical vapor deposition on the microcapsule arrays produces highly interconnected SWNT networks. Varying the microsphere diameter and catalyst solution composition allows varying the pattern spacing, catalyst yield, and network interconnectivity.
Formal Synthesis of Platencin (2009)

The focal step of the synthesis is a high pressure activated Diels-Alder reaction (A → D). For a total synthesis of Platencin see: K. C. Nicolau, G. S. Tria, D. J. Edmonds Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 1780.
Sucrose:Fructan 6-Fructosyltransferase, a Key Enzyme for Diverting Carbon from Sucrose to Fructan in Barley Leaves (1995)

Sucrose:sucrose 6-fructosyltransferase, an enzyme activity recently identified in fructan-accumulating barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves, was further characterized. The purified enzyme catalyzed the transfer of a fructosyl group from sucrose to various acceptors. It displayed some [beta]-fructosidase (invertase) activity, indicating that water could act as fructosyl acceptor. Moreover, it transferred the fructosyl residue of unlabeled sucrose to [U-14C]Glc, producing [U-14C]sucrose and unlabeled glucose. Most significantly for fructan synthesis, the enzyme used as acceptors but not as donors a variety of oligofructans containing [beta](2->1)- and [beta](2->6)-linked fructosyl moieties. Thus, it acted as a general sucrose:fructan fructosyltransferase. The products formed by the enzyme from sucrose and various purified, structurally characterized oligofructans were analyzed by liquid chromatography and identified by comparison with structurally characterized standards. The results showed that the enzyme formed exclusively [beta](2->6) fructosyl-fructose linkages, either initiating or elongating a fructan chain of the phlein type. We propose, therefore, to rename the purified enzyme sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase.
Akustische und mechanische Eigenschaften von Trommelfelltransplantaten* (1997)

Cartilage is an excellent transplant material which provides a better prognosis than soft materials in cases of ventilation disorders with long-term middle ear pressure problems. Large cartilage slice transplants should not exceed layer thickness of 500 microns in order to minimize transmission loss.
1H-MR-spektroskopische Bildgebung:Ein Ansatz zur Evaluierung des Alkoholabbaus im Gehirn (1994)

The local alcohol concentration in the human brain was determined in 10 cases using MR spectroscopic imaging. Therefore 7 subjects with an average blood alcohol concentration of 0.8/000 were examined after oral intake of alcoholic beverages. Varying alcohol concentration was found intracranially which was recorded spectroscopically w.r.t. time. Relatively high ethanol concentrations were determined in the cerebellum as well as in the ventricular system. Contrary to this, lower concentrations were found in the regions of grey and white matter.
Polygenic dissection of diagnosis and clinical dimensions of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (2020)

Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are two often severe disorders with high heritabilities. Recent studies have demonstrated a large overlap of genetic risk loci between these disorders but diagnostic and molecular distinctions still remain. Here, we perform a combined GWAS of 19,779 BP and SCZ cases versus 19,423 controls, in addition to a direct comparison GWAS of 7,129 SCZ cases versus 9,252 BP cases. In our case-control analysis, we identify five previously identified regions reaching genome-wide significance (CACNA1C, IFI44L, MHC, TRANK1, MAD1L1) and a novel locus near PIK3C2A. We create a polygenic risk score that is significantly different between BP and SCZ and show a significant correlation between a BP polygenic risk score and the clinical dimension of mania in SCZ patients. Our results indicate that first, combining diseases with similar genetic risk profiles improves power to detect shared risk loci and second, that future direct comparisons of BP and SCZ are likely to identify loci with significant differential effects. Identifying these loci should aid in the fundamental understanding of how these diseases differ biologically. These findings also indicate that combining clinical symptom dimensions and polygenic signatures could provide additional information that may someday be used clinically.
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) in the Future (2012)

In manufacturing of nano-structures, the ESD sensitivity of the devices, components, and system products may play a key role in the direction of the factories, shipping and handling of future products. This chapter presents examples of different technologies, from photo-masks to nanowires. It first discusses examples of ESD failures where air gaps, or open surfaces are present in these devices, devices that are both either mechanically static, or mechanically dynamic structures. The focus of the chapter includes photo-masks, magnetic recording devices, and micro electromechanical machines (MEMs), but the subject is relevant to all electro-statically actuated and suspended structures (e.g., capacitors and inductors). The chapter further talks about silicon devices, from bulk CMOS to silicon-on-insulator (SOI), and modern nanostructure FinFETs and nanowires. Today, CMOS technology is migrating from planar transistors, to “Fin” transistors, and silicon on insulator (SOI) technology, eliminating parasitic devices and latchup concerns. Controlled Vocabulary Terms electrostatic discharge; masks; micromechanical devices; silicon-on-insulator; transistors
A Risk-Based Performance Analysis of Plate-andFrame Heat Exchangers Subject to Fouling: Economics of Heat Exchanger Cleaning (2004)

Fouling is one of the major uncertainties associated with the operation and maintenance of plate-and-frame heat exchangers (PHEs) in the steel and process industries. The decision regarding periodic maintenance (i.e., cleaning) to meet the target performance level is generally based on both thermal and economic behavior of the process. In this paper, we present a cost model that includes the risk level and the scatter parameter of random fouling growth models. Two models (namely, power law and exponential fouling growth) are integrated in the model. The non-dimensional cost function of reduced time is examined by considering dimensionless cost parameters, representing additional cost due to a decrease in effectiveness, pumping power cost, anti-foulant cost, cleaning cost, additional pumping power cost of the standby unit during cleaning, and miscellaneous costs. These dimensionless cost elements are examined for a PHE operating in the steel industry. The results are presented in terms of the risk level and scatter parameter for the underlying fouling models. Furthermore, a simplified closed-form solution is also obtained to study the optimal cycle time, which represents the minimum cost of operation and maintenance of heat exchangers. It is found that the optimum dimensionless cost increased by about 21 and 14% for the power law and exponential fouling models, respectively, as the risk level decreased from 0.5 to 0.01
InsP3 and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 act in synergy to stimulate influx of extracellular Ca2+ in Xenopus oocytes (1992)

To investigate the role of D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P4] in the regulation of Ca2+ influx, we injected inositol phosphates into Xenopus oocytes and measured Ca(2+)-gated Cl- current to assay intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). To assess Ca2+ influx, we removed extracellular Ca2+ or added the inorganic Ca2+ channel blocker Mn2+ to the extracellular bath and measured the resulting change in Cl- current. Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 did not cause Ca2+ influx when injected alone or when preceded by an injection of Ca2+. In contrast, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 stimulated Ca2+ influx when injected after the poorly metabolized inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) analogues D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphorothioate [Ins(1,4,5)P3S3] or D-myo-inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(2,4,5)P3]. These results indicate that Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 is not sufficient to stimulate Ca2+ influx but acts in synergy with InsP3s to cause Ca2+ influx. We also studied the effect of Ca2+ influx on the immediate metabolism of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] in single oocytes. Ca2+ influx shunted the metabolism of Ins(1,4,5)P3 toward the formation of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 and away from D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate [Ins(1,4)P2]. These results suggest that there is a positive feedback regulatory mechanism in which Ca2+ influx stimulates Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 production and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 stimulates further Ca2+ influx.