gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction of DEM-base Traffic Model Using Optimal Velocity Model (2011)

An environment is needed in which traffic can move smoothly, and traffic flow analysis is important in creating such an environment. Such analysis generally uses a micro-type traffic model. The micro model depicts an object (a car, a human, etc.) as a particle, and tracks the individual particles’ behavior. However, this has been difficult because the objects exhibit complex behavior. Because the objects act with the individual resolves. In this study, a Distinct Element Method (DEM)-base traffic model is constructed to aim the micro model depicting behavior characteristics in detail. DEM takes into account continuity and has received attention in the fields of micromeritics and terramechanics. In addition, the traffic model uses the Optimal Velocity (OV) model. The OV model is a method that calculates the optimal velocity from interparticle distance and accelerates or decelerates the particle. To validate the traffic model, experiment and simulation avoiding obstacles are carried out and the results are compared. As a result, the simulation showed similar behavior and velocity distribution to the experiment. Therefore, the effectiveness of the constructed traffic model could be confirmed.
KLF2 expression modulates susceptibility to HIV-1 infection (154.25) (2011)

Abstract Here, we show that the transcription factor KLF2 is a host factor with a role in modulating susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. We observed a strong correlation between expression of KFL2 and CCR5. Transformed CD4 T cell lines lack CCR5 as well as KLF2 expression. Forced expression of KFL2 in transformed cell lines induced CCR5 expression and rendered them susceptible to R5 HIV-1 infection, providing insight into why most transformed lines fail to support CCR5 dependent HIV-1 replication. In primary human CD4 T cells, KFL2 expression is rapidly downregulated after T cell activation and is undetectable after anti-CD3/28 costimulation, whereas trace amounts remain after PHA + IL-2 stimulation. This residual amount of KLF2 present after T cell activation correlates well with CCR5 expression and susceptibility to R5 infection. Primary human CD4 T engineered to constitutively express KLF2 retained CCR5 expression and susceptibility to R5 infection after CD3/28 costimulation. These studies implicate KLF2 expression levels present after T cell activation as the determinant of whether a T cell is susceptible to R5 HIV-1 infection. Thus, KLF2 is a host factor that could affect an individual’s susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and the rate by which one progresses to AIDS.
Prospective randomized comparison of cutting and dilating disposable trocars for access during laparoscopic renal surgery. (2007)

All 4 disposable trocars, muscle cutting or dilating type, were safe and yielded similar postoperative pain scores with or without the fascial wound closure after renal laparoscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Altervalent Cation Doping of TiO2 on Its Performance as a Photocatalyst for Water Cleavage. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ZnO Nanostructure-Based Intracellular Sensor (2015)

Recently ZnO has attracted much interest because of its usefulness for intracellular measurements of biochemical species by using its semiconducting, electrochemical, catalytic properties and for being biosafe and biocompatible. ZnO thus has a wide range of applications in optoelectronics, intracellular nanosensors, transducers, energy conversion and medical sciences. This review relates specifically to intracellular electrochemical (glucose and free metal ion) biosensors based on functionalized zinc oxide nanowires/nanorods. For intracellular measurements, the ZnO nanowires/nanorods were grown on the tip of a borosilicate glass capillary (0.7 µm in diameter) and functionalized with membranes or enzymes to produce intracellular selective metal ion or glucose sensors. Successful intracellular measurements were carried out using ZnO nanowires/nanorods grown on small tips for glucose and free metal ions using two types of cells, human fat cells and frog oocytes. The sensors in this study were used to detect real-time changes of metal ions and glucose across human fat cells and frog cells using changes in the electrochemical potential at the interface of the intracellular micro-environment. Such devices are helpful in explaining various intracellular processes involving ions and glucose.
On-body and in-ear noise exposure monitoring (2017)

Accurately estimating noise dosage can be challenging for personnel who move through multiple noise environments. Dose estimates can also be confounded by the requirement to wear hearing protection in some areas, but not others. One concept for improved dose estimates under these conditions is to capture noise in-the-ear and on-body simultaneously. An additional benefit of this setup is that hearing protection fit can be assessed in real time. To evaluate this dual-microphone approach, we prototyped a noise dosimetry device for military environments where loud impulse noise such as weapons fire drives the need for high dynamic range and a high sampling rate. In this presentation, we describe a system where the in-ear microphone is acoustically coupled to a disposable foam or flange hearing protection eartip. Initial laboratory tests with a shock tube and acoustic test fixture (ATF) show more than 30 dB noise reduction between the on-body and in-ear microphones. Furthermore, in-ear levels are consistent with eardrum measurements in the ATF. One concern with body-worn dosimeters is their susceptibility to shock artifacts from microphone motion or handling. To address this issue, we also investigate co-locating an accelerometer with the on-body microphone to help remove shock artifacts. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
Characterization of the acoustical directivity of a speaker on a sound bar enclosure, a comparison between measurements, boundary element method and a spheroidal analytical model (2016)

International audience
Stereopsis in People with Eyes of Different Lengths: Adaptation via Receptor Geometry or Post-receptoral Mechanisms? (2010)

Stereopsis in normal observers is most sensitive when the objects presented to the two eyes are the same size. People with different refractive errors in the two eyes (anisometropes) usually have one eye longer than the other, so the retinal images differ in size for equal-sized objects. We asked whether stereopsis is best in anisometropes when the retinal images or objects are the same. We measured stereo sensitivity for different object size ratios. Observers discriminated the orientation of a disparity-defined corrugation. Disparity noise was added to determine coherence thresholds. Threshold was best when object sizes were the same despite the differing eye lengths. Two mechanisms could account for this result. First, the retina may expand in proportion to eye length such that the number of cones sampling a given visual angle in the two eyes remains unchanged; this is the receptor hypothesis. Second, post-receptoral mechanisms may adjust for the differences in retinal-image size; this is the post-receptor hypothesis. To determine which hypothesis is a better account, we used an adaptive optics (AO) ophthalmoscope to measure linear and angular cone density in the anisometropes tested psychophysically. AO imaging was done with infrared light and dynamic wavefront correction. Images of the cone mosaic were stabilized and averaged, and individual cones identified. We could resolve cones to within ∼0.25 deg of the foveal center. Axial length, corneal curvature, and anterior chamber depth were measured using ultrasound, and those parameters were used to calculate retinal-image sizes. Angular cone density was generally higher in the longer eye. Thus, objects of the same size cover more cones in the long than the short eye, which is inconsistent with the retinal hypothesis. We conclude that anisometropes maintain fine stereopsis, despite having eyes of different lengths, via post-receptoral adaptation of the representation of the retinal images.
Body Mass Index Effect on Ultrawideband MIMO BAN Channel Characterization (2017)

This paper presents a detailed description of a measurement campaign for wireless Body Area Network (BAN) propagation channels in both an anechoic chamber and an indoor Lab environment. We use a self-developed 4 x 4 Ultrawideband (UWB) Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) array channel sounding system operating in the 2 - 10 GHz frequency band. The main goal of the measurement is the determination of the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the on-body propagation channels. Using a total of 60 test subjects, we determine the BMI-dependence of channel parameters such as pathloss (G0), frequency-dependent decay factor (κ) and shadowing gain (χσ). We find that in particular, BAN channels of test subjects with BMI > 30 show considerable difference to those of subjects with typical BMI.
Phenyl(thio)phosphon(amid)ate Benzenesulfonamides as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrases II and VII Counteract Allodynia in a Mouse Model of Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathy (2020)

Human carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms II and VII are implicated in neuronal excitation, seizures, and neuropathic pain (NP). Their selective inhibition over off-target CAs is expected to produce an anti-NP action devoid of side effects due to promiscuous CA modulation. Here, a drug design strategy based on the observation of (dis)similarities between the target CA active sites was planned with benzenesulfonamide derivatives and, for the first time, a phosphorus-based linker. Potent and selective CA II/VII inhibitors were identified among the synthesized phenyl(thio)phosphon(amid)ates <b>3</b>-<b>22</b>. X-ray crystallography depicted the binding mode of phosphonic acid <b>3</b> to both CAs II and VII. The most promising derivatives, after evaluation of their stability in acidic media, were tested in a mouse model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy. The most potent compound racemic mixture was subjected to HPLC enantioseparation, and the identification of the eutomer, the (<i>S</i>)-enantiomer, allowed to halve the dose totally relieving allodynia in mice.
DNA-Triesters - The Synthesis and Absolute Configuration Assignments at P-Stereogenic Centres (1987)

Abstract Decadeoxyribonucleotide GGGAATTCCC and nine diastereomeric pairs of its mono-O-ethyl ester analogues were synthesized via phosphoramidite approach using the combination of 5′-DMT-base protected (except T) nucleoside 3′-(2-cyanoethyl N,N-diisopropyl phosphoramidites) and 3′-(0-ethyl N,N-diisopropyl phosphoramidites). Under conditions of release from solid support and removal of base-protecting groups (25% NH4OH, 25°C, 48 h) 2-cyanoethyl groups were removed while O-ethyl phosphate triester functions were practically intact. Isolation of products and separation of diastereomers were performed by means of RP-HPLC. Absolute configuration at P-stereogenic centres was established via degradation of decamers into corresponding dinucleoside O-ethyl phosphates and stereochemical correlation with dinucleoside phosphorothioates of known configuration at phosphorus. Decadeoxyribonucleotide mono-O-ethyl esters were used for mapping the contact points between DNA and Eco RI endonuclease - the restriction enzyme which recognizes canonical sequence. GAATTC and cleaves unmodified DNA strands giving G and p AATTC.
Synthesis and characterization of silicon-containing cardo polyesters (1997)

New polyesters containing both silane and “cardo” groups were synthesized by solution polycondensation involving the reaction of bis(4-chlorocarbonylphenyl)dimethylsilane with cardo bisphenols, namely, phenolphthalein, phenolphthalimidine, and phenolphthalein anilide. Copolyesters were obtained by using different proportions of phenolphthalein and phenolphthalein anilide. Polyesters had inherent viscosities in the range 0.22–0.70 dL/g and were readily soluble in chlorinated hydrocarbons and polar aprotic solvents. Polyesters showed glass transition temperatures in the range 168–255°C as measured by DSC and thermogravimetric analysis indicated no weight loss below 416°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1329–1335, 1997
ChemInform Abstract: Photoluminescence of Cubic Mixed‐Metal Tetrameric Clusters. (1990)

Abstract The luminescence spectra and the lifetimes of mixed‐metal compounds such as (I) containing the Cu(I) 3 M(II) core and of an analogous compound with a Cu(I) 2 Cu(II)Co(II) core are reported.
Adipose lesions of nerve: the need for a modified classification (2011)

To press the concept that adipose tumors of nerve are a broad but interrelated spectrum of lesions, the authors propose modification of the present classification system. This approach provides an orderly platform for progress, reflects understanding of these interrelated lesions, and facilitates optimal treatment by distinguishing resectable from nonresectable components.
Prediction of intracellular exposure bridges the gap between target- and cell-based drug discovery (2017)

Inadequate target exposure is a major cause of high attrition in drug discovery. Here, we show that a label-free method for quantifying the intracellular bioavailability (F<sub>ic</sub>) of drug molecules predicts drug access to intracellular targets and hence, pharmacological effect. We determined F<sub>ic</sub> in multiple cellular assays and cell types representing different targets from a number of therapeutic areas, including cancer, inflammation, and dementia. Both cytosolic targets and targets localized in subcellular compartments were investigated. F<sub>ic</sub> gives insights on membrane-permeable compounds in terms of cellular potency and intracellular target engagement, compared with biochemical potency measurements alone. Knowledge of the amount of drug that is locally available to bind intracellular targets provides a powerful tool for compound selection in early drug discovery.
Over 10-W linearly-polarized single cavity fibre laser at 1180 nm wavelength with slope efficiency of 56 % using Yb-doped polarization-maintaining solid photonic bandgap fibre (2010)

We have demonstrated an 1180-nm linearly-polarized single cavity fibre laser with an output power of 10.8 W using an Yb-doped polarization-maintaining solid photonic bandgap fibre. A slope efficiency of 56% has been achieved.
Development of High Specific Load and Low Mechanical Loss Journal Bearing With Two Pads of Tilting Supported Type (2018)

The demand for improving the steam turbine economic efficiency is being expected for both GTCC and conventional power plants. MHPS suggests HP/IP/LP separate casing and one bearing/rotor (one bearing between two casings) type steam turbine to enhance the turbine efficiency and reduce the cost of construction. Separate casing is preferable for blade aerodynamic performance, and one bearing/rotor is effective to reduce turbine bearing mechanical losses and turbine length. From the view point to design this type of rotor shaft arrangement, the most important point is to apply bearing technologies to permit the higher specific load and lower mechanical loss as well as for better dynamic oil film characteristics. The new two pads tilting journal bearing has been developed, utilizing MHPS’s experience on traditional two pads bearing with direct lubrication. The bearing structure and design parameters are optimized and good static and dynamic performance are obtained. Further, as practical countermeasures for a sub-synchronous vibration, the oil supply nozzle efficiency is improved, while properly adjusting supply oil flow distribution. The 610 mm size bearing test was conducted in-house test facility. The limit of specific load was verified, the bearing loss has become less than target.
Excitonic Spin-Coherence Lifetimes in CdSe Nanoplatelets Increase Significantly with Core/Shell Morphology (2023)

We report spin-polarized transient absorption for colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets as functions of thickness (2-6 monolayer thickness) and core/shell motif. Using electro-optical modulation of co- and cross-polarization pump-probe combinations, we sensitively observe spin-polarized transitions. Core-only nanoplatelets exhibit few-picosecond spin lifetimes that weakly increase with layer thickness. The spectral content of differenced spin-polarized signals indicate biexciton binding energies that decrease with increasing thickness and smaller values than previously reported. Shell growth of CdS with controlled thicknesses, which partially delocalize the electron from the hole, significantly increases the spin lifetime to ∼49 ps at room temperature. Implementation of ZnS shells, which do not alter delocalization but do alter surface termination, increased spin lifetimes up to ∼100 ps, bolstering the interpretation that surface termination heavily influences spin coherence, likely due to passivation of dangling bonds. Spin precession in magnetic fields both confirms long coherence lifetime at room temperature and yields the excitonic <i>g</i> factor.
Structural Deficiencies in Granuloma Formation in TNF Gene-Targeted Mice Underlie the Heightened Susceptibility to Aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection, Which Is Not Compensated for by Lymphotoxin (1999)

TNF and lymphotoxin-alpha (LT alpha) may act at various stages of the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To dissect the effects of TNF independent of LT alpha, we have used C57BL/6 mice with a disruption of the TNF gene alone (TNF-/-). Twenty-one days following aerosol M. tuberculosis infection there was a marked increase in the number of organisms in the lungs of TNF-/- mice, and by 28-35 days all animals had succumbed, with widespread dissemination of M. tuberculosis. In comparison with the localized granulomas containing activated macrophages and T cells in lungs and livers of C57BL/6 wild-type (wt) mice, cellular infiltrates in TNF-/- mice were poorly formed, with extensive regions of necrosis and neutrophilic infiltration of the alveoli. Phenotypic analysis of lung homogenates demonstrated similar numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in TNF-/- and wt mice, but in TNF-deficient mice the lymphocytes were restricted to perivascular and peribronchial areas rather than colocated with macrophages in granulomas. T cells from TNF-/- mice retained proliferative and cytokine responses to purified protein derivative, and delayed-type hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative was demonstrable. Macrophages within the lungs of TNF-/- and wt mice showed similar levels of MHC class II and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and levels of serum nitrite were comparable. Thus, the enhanced susceptibility of TNF-/- is not compensated for by the presence of LT alpha, and the critical role of TNF is not in the activation of T cells and macrophages but in the local organization of granulomas.
Japan (1986)

Over the period 1974–83, the total Japanese population has increased by around 8.3 per cent. Within the total population, females outnumber males, with the former accounting for 50.8 per cent of the total in 1983 (Table 9.1).
Fortifying analog models with equivalence checking and coverage analysis (2010)

As analog and digital circuits have become more intertwined, we need to create a validation approach that handles both circuit types gracefully. This paper proposes a model-first approach, where one creates functional models of the analog blocks that will work in a HDL simulator, and then uses these models in the same way as HDL models are used for other standard cells: they are used in the full system validation, and the underlying implementations are validated to ensure they meet this specification. While creating functional models for the analog blocks might seem difficult, almost all analog blocks can be modeled as linear systems and we use this property to help create the required functional model.
Amorphization of Zr3Al by 1-MeV electron radiation (1988)

A crystalline to amorphous transition during high energy particle radiation has been reported in various intermetallic compounds. Chemical disordering is known to precede amorphization, which takes place only below a certain temperature. In Zr 3 A1, chemical disordering has been observed during 1-MeV electron radiation at temperatures between 130 and 375K but no amorphization has been reported. A large decrease in shear modulus was also observed during chemical disordering of Zr 3 Al by 1-MeV Kr ion irradiation at room temperature, followed by amorphization. In the present work, the possibility of amorphization of Zr 3 Al by electron radiation was examined, and the lattice softening due to chemical disordering was studied with electron diffraction. An alloy with a nominal composition of Zr-25at%Al was furnished by Chalk River National Laboratory. It was annealed at 925°C for 2 weeks and subsequently sliced and jet-polished. Specimen was irradiated and examined at 52K with 1-MeV electrons in the Argonne-HVEM.
Importance of Polymorphs and Salts in the Pharmaceutical Industry (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Drug Discovery and Development Salt Selection Pseudopolymorphs Analytical Tools Process Development Formulation Development Regulatory Concerns Patent Implications Predictions and Uncertainties Conclusions References
Altered Toll-Like Receptor 9 Signaling in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-Infected Bovine Monocytes Reveals Potential Therapeutic Targets (2012)

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne's disease in cattle. The complex, multifaceted interaction of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis with its host includes dampening the ability of infected cells to respond to stimuli that promote M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis clearance. By disrupting host defenses, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis creates an intracellular environment that favors the establishment and maintenance of infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important sensors that initiate innate immune responses to microbial challenge and are also immunotherapeutic targets. For example, TLR9 contributes to host defense against M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and its agonists (CpG oligodeoxynucleotides [ODNs]) are under investigation for treatment of Johne's disease and other infections. Here we demonstrate that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection changes the responsiveness of bovine monocytes to TLR9 stimulation. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis inhibits classical TLR9-mediated responses despite a 10-fold increase in TLR9 expression and maintained uptake of CpG ODNs. Other TLR9-mediated responses, such as oxidative burst, which occur through noncanonical signaling, remain functional. Kinome analysis verifies that classic TLR9 signaling is blocked by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection and that signaling instead proceeds through a Pyk2-mediated mechanism. Pyk2-mediated signaling does not hinder infection, as CpG ODNs fail to promote M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis clearance. Indeed, Pyk2 signaling appears to be an important aspect of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection, as Pyk2 inhibitors significantly reduce the number of intracellular M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacteria. The actions of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis on TLR9 signaling may represent a strategy to generate a host environment which is better suited for infection, revealing potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Issues in the Synthesis of Crystalline Molecular Sieves: Towards the Crystallization of Low Framework‐Density Structures (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.