gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic discharge in semiconductor devices: overview of circuit protection techniques (2002)

Electrostatic discharges (ESD) are prevalent. These events damage sensitive electronic components causing system failures. Designers are not helpless against this event. There are ways to provide protection for these electronic devices. This paper provides an overview of the additional elements placed on the circuit to divert charge and clamp voltages. Both the protection architectures and clamps used are reviewed.
On the Value of Spectrum Sharing among Operators in Multicell Networks (2013)

This work considers the benefits of allowing spectrum sharing among co-located wireless service providers operating in the same multicell network. Although spectrum sharing was shown to be valuable in some scenarios where the created interference can be eliminated, the benefits have not clearly shown for multicell networks with aggressive reuse. We explore this question and show that spectrum sharing is preferred for just a certain subset of the users defined by their distance from the serving bases, while beyond this distance, an orthogonal division of resources between operators gives better results. The claims are backed with theoretical analysis matching our simulations.
Measurement of left ventricular mass in rats using electrocardiogram-gated magnetic resonance imaging (1990)

To evaluate the ability of electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to assess in vivo left ventricular (LV) mass in the rat, we studied 20 healthy adult Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats and 8 additional rats that underwent scanning after induction of volume overload by aortic leaflet disruption. ECG-gated spin-echo pulse sequences were used to acquire a series of 1-mm thick modified short-axis images of the left ventricle. The area enclosed by the endocardial and epicardial borders of the left ventricle was multiplied by the interslice distance and specific gravity of myocardium to obtain calculated slice mass. Total LV mass was obtained by summing the individual slices. The calculated value for LV mass was then compared with the LV mass as determined at postmortem examination. Linear regression analysis showed an excellent correlation of MR-estimated mass (x) with autopsy-measured LV mass (y) (y = 0.90x + 65, r = 0.98). For this method intraobserved and interobserver slice correlations were 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. There was no significant difference in LV mass as determined from a series of diastolic vs. systolic images in a subset of six animals. Over a mean of 6.5 wk of observation, LV mass increased by 40% in the animals subjected to aortic leaflet disruption. These results demonstrate that MR imaging is highly accurate for the non-invasive in vivo assessment of LV mass in the adult rat.
Signal-dependent preprocessing of buffered PMU measurements for hybrid state estimation (2016)

This paper presents a signal-dependent scheme for selecting the length of the averaging window for PMU measurements to improve the performance of the power system state estimator. The method is based on the Shewhart method for detecting mean shifts in the buffered data. We suggest ways to tune the parameters of the scheme by deriving expressions for the probability of false alarm and the probability of using the entire buffer given all buffered data have the same mean. We also propose a method to handle oscillatory transients captured by the buffered PMU measurements, which may otherwise degrade the performance of the buffering scheme. Simulations performed on the IEEE 14-bus test system show that the proposed method outperforms an existing state-of-the-art method.
Relationship Between Serum Glucose Level and the Metabolic Clearance Rate of Glucose in Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1983)

The metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCR) has been widely used to compare glucose disposal rates in subjects studied at different plasma glucose levels. This approach assumes that the glucose disposal rate varies linearly with the prevailing glucose concentration. In the present study the relationship between MCR and the serum glucose concentration was assessed in 10 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Glucose clamp studies were performed in each subject at the patient's fasting glucose concentration (mean = 280 ± 17 mg/dl) and at euglycemia (mean glucose level = 85 ±3 mg/dl) in the presence of a maximally effective steady-state serum insulin concentration (∼11,000 μU/ml). Six subjects were also studied at hyperglycemia and euglycemia at a steady-state insulin concentration of ∼400 μU/ml. As expected, glucose disposal rates were significantly greater in the presence of hyperglycemia as compared with euglycemia (415 ± 28 versus 193 ± 30 mg/M2/min at the higher insulin level and 377±35 versus 162 ± 26 mg/M2/min at the lower insulin level). The mean MCR for the 10 subjects studied at the higher insulin level was 2.27 ± 0.37 ml/kg/min at euglycemia and fell to 1.51±0.21 ml/kg/ at hyperglycemia. The mean MCR for the six subjects studied at the lower insulin level was 1.91 ± 0.31 ml/kg/min at euglyglycemia. Thus at hyperglycemia the mean MCR fell by 34% and 36% at the higher and lower insulin levels, respectively. When the individual data were analyzed, a highly significant positive relationship (r = −0.88, P &amp;lt; 0.001) was found between the magnitude of the MCR value at euglycemia and the degree of fall in MCR at hyperglycemia. Thus, the greater the insulin resistance (lower MCR at euglycemia), the smaller the reduction in MCR at hyperglycemia. These results indicate that (1) the metabolic clearance rate of glucose is not independent of changes in the serum glucose concentration, indicating that even in the presence of maximally effective insulin concentrations glucose uptake by peripheral tissues is a saturable process and (2) as type II diabetic patients become less insulin resistant, their glucose uptake mechanisms become more saturable.
The Bases of Chemical Thermodynamics, Volume 1 (2000)

Chemical reactions and chemical equilibria. Thermodynamics of ideal and real solutions. Statistical Mechanics, microcanonical ensemble, canonical ensemble.
Programmable optical bistable (1998)

A programmable optical bistable device, based on a ring fiber optic circuit in which is inserted an optical amplifier, is presented. The optical amplifier has the purpose both to obtain the bistable duration and to reset the device by means of the loop gain compression effect.
Data mining classification of cars based on GPS shadows in Forward Scatter Radar systems (2017)

The goal of this paper is to introduce a new concept - using Data Mining approach for radar classification of vehicles, based on their GPS shadow signals detected in a GPS L1-based Forward Scatter Radar (FSR) system. Real data is used for the current experiments, recording the GPS radio shadows of several moving vehicles with commercial non-professional GPS equipment. The records are further processed in MATLAB computational environment in order to obtain the estimated parameters of the GPS shadows. Data Mining approach is then implemented for classifying the cars, comparing classifiers generated with different classification algorithms - a decision tree, a neural network, and a Bayesian classifier, for two different variants of the class variable, taking three or two possible values. The best results are achieved for the two values of the class variable and the best performing classifiers are the neural networks.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Sillenite Compound—Bi 12 (B 0.5 P 0.5 )O 20 (2002)

A new sillenite compound, Bi 12 (B 0.5 P 0.5 )O 20 , was synthesized using a solid‐state reaction method. The stoichiometry was confirmed by XRD analyses, microstructural investigations, and quantitative elemental analysis. An investigation of the dielectric properties at frequencies from 100 Hz to 1 MHz revealed a broad, highly frequency‐dispersive, relaxor‐like dielectric anomaly, which appeared in the temperature range of −80°–100°C. The permittivity, Q × f value, and temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency, measured at ∼5.5 GHz, were determined to be 37.4, 850 GHz, and −19 ppm/K, respectively.
Performance and Wirability Driven Layout for Row‐Based FPGAs (1995)

In FPGAs the routing resources are fixed and their usage is constrained by the location of antifuses. In addition, the antifuses affect the layout performance significantly, depending on the technology. Hence, simplistic placement level assumptions turn out to be grossly inadequate in predicting the timing and wirability behavior of a layout. There is a need, therefore, for a layout technique which changes the layout at placement level based on accurate post‐layout timing analysis and net wirability. In this paper we consider such a wirability and performance driven layout flow for row‐based FPGAs. Timing information from a post‐layout timing analyzer and wirability information from global and channel routers are used by an incremental placer to effectively perturb the placement. A large improvement (up to 29%) in timing, has been obtained (compared to non‐iterative FPGA layout) for a set of industrial designs and benchmark examples.
Photomethanation of Gaseous CO2 over Ru/Silicon Nanowire Catalysts with Visible and Near‐Infrared Photons (2014)

<b>Gaseous CO<sub>2</sub> is transformed photochemically and thermochemically</b> in the presence of H<sub>2</sub> to CH<sub>4</sub> at millimole per hour per gram of catalyst conversion rates, using visible and near-infrared photons. The catalyst used to drive this reaction comprises black silicon nanowire supported ruthenium. These results represent a step towards engineering broadband solar fuels tandem photothermal reactors that enable a three-step process involving i) CO<sub>2</sub> capture, ii) gaseous water splitting into H<sub>2</sub>, and iii) reduction of gaseous CO2 by H<sub>2</sub>.
Team-optimal closed-loop Stackelberg strategies for systems with slow and fast modest (1983)

Abstract This paper discusses team-optimal closed-loop Stackelberg strategies for systems with slow and fast modes. It is established that the cost functions of the players in the pure slow and the full-order games have the same value in the limit as the small singular perturbation parameters tends to zero. It is shown that if the leader bases the design of his approximate strategy on the slow subsystem, while the follower bases his design on the full-order system, then the resulting solution is ill-posed. Moreover, if the fast information is incorporated in the approximate strategy of the leader, then it is shown that the singular perturbation technique of constructing approximate strategies by composing the slow and fast strategies is ill-posed and cannot be used in this problem. A new design methodology to construct approximate Stackelberg strategies by solving reduced-order problems, which have the same information structure as the full-order one, is presented. It is shown that the conditions for existenco and uniqueness of the solution of the full-order problem can be established through those conditions of the reduced-order problems. Finally, it is proved that the approximate strategies, besides being team near-optimal, possess the asymptotic Stackelberg property. Notes †This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Electric Energy Systems Division, under Contract DE-AC01-80RA50255, with Dynamic Systems, P.O. Box 423, Urbana, Illinois 61801, U.S.A. and by the National Science Foundation under Grant ECS-79-19396.
Pushing on string (2016)

Enterprises that impose stringent password-composition policies appear to suffer the same fate as those that do not.
ChemInform Abstract: A DAST‐Free Route to Aryl(difluoromethyl)phosphonic Esters. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Innovation Is Not the Only “I” (2012)

“I notice,” said the duck, “that you talk with only one of your mouths. Can’t the other head talk as well?”
Demonstration of negative differential resistance in GaN/AlN resonant tunneling diodes at room temperature (2010)

GaN/AlN resonant tunneling diodes (RTD) were grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and negative differential resistance with peak-to-valley ratios as high as 2.15 at room temperature was demonstrated. Effect of material quality on RTDs’ performance was investigated by growing RTD structures on AlN, GaN, and lateral epitaxial overgrowth GaN templates. Our results reveal that negative differential resistance characteristics of RTDs are very sensitive to material quality (such as surface roughness) and MOCVD is a suitable technique for III-nitride-based quantum devices.
Magnetic Domains and Domain Wall Pinning in Nanocrystalline Ni-P (2001)

Abstract Magnetic domain structures in a Ni-5at%P alloy have been examined using Lorentz microscopy in Fresnel mode in a JEOL 2010TEM. with electron diffraction and high resolution electron imaging, the Ni-P alloy material is seen to be of FCC structure and composed of nanometer-sized grains (&amp;lt; 4nm in diameter), which is about 2 orders less in size than that of a single magnetic domain. The TEM specimen was prepared using jet polishing method. Before introducing the specimen into the microscope, the objective lens was turned off in a free lens control mode to ensure that the domain structures in the specimen remain unaffected. The objective mini-lens was used to perform Lorentz imaging with out-focus method. Stripe domains were observed. The width of these stripes is about 0.2 micron. But the length of these domains varies, sometime up to several microns. The stripe domains are grouped, which are near parallel one to the other.
Impact of Telephone Triage on Medical Service Use: Implications for Rural and Remote Areas (2005)

Lack of ready access to health services is a continuing problem for the one-quarter of northern Ontario residents who live in non-urban areas. Teletriage has been proposed to help reduce medically unnecessary visits and thus free-up available resources. A mail survey obtained information about patients' use of teletriage and other health care services, as well as socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Survey data (n = 2389) were used to determine the impact of teletriage on health service use by asking about the patient's intended use of health care service (intent), the service advised by the nurse (advice), and the actual health service used by the patient (action). Responses were compared among geographic categories based on commuter flows to urban areas in northern Ontario. Survey responses suggest that teletriage may have decreased visits to emergency departments relative to patient intent, and this effect appears to be stronger in communities with weak or no commuter flows (intent = 54%, action = 41%) than in urban areas (intent = 39%, action = 33%). Visits to physicians' offices or clinics may have increased relative to patient intent, but only for non-urban areas (intent = 16%, action = 21% to 23%) with strong, moderate, weak, or no commuter flows. Very little difference was found among geographic categories for calls or visits to other health care providers (overall: intent = 17%, action = 11%) or for informal care (self-care and care for others) (overall: intent = 16%, action = 29%). Results should be interpreted carefully, as there was evidence of selection and social desirability bias.
Transcriptome and Selected Metabolite Analyses Reveal Multiple Points of Ethylene Control during Tomato Fruit Development (2005)

Transcriptome profiling via cDNA microarray analysis identified 869 genes that are differentially expressed in developing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pericarp. Parallel phenotypic and targeted metabolite comparisons were employed to inform the expression analysis. Transcript accumulation in tomato fruit was observed to be extensively coordinated and often completely dependent on ethylene. Mutation of an ethylene receptor (Never-ripe [Nr]), which reduces ethylene sensitivity and inhibits ripening, alters the expression of 37% of these 869 genes. Nr also influences fruit morphology, seed number, ascorbate accumulation, carotenoid biosynthesis, ethylene evolution, and the expression of many genes during fruit maturation, indicating that ethylene governs multiple aspects of development both prior to and during fruit ripening in tomato. Of the 869 genes identified, 628 share homology (E-value < or = 1 x 10(-10)) with known gene products or known protein domains. Of these 628 loci, 72 share homology with previously described signal transduction or transcription factors, suggesting complex regulatory control. These results demonstrate multiple points of ethylene regulatory control during tomato fruit development and provide new insights into the molecular basis of ethylene-mediated ripening.
Off‐target effects of bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination on immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2: implications for protection against severe COVID‐19 (2022)

The immunomodulatory signature of BCG's off-target effects on SARS-CoV-2 is consistent with a protective immune response against severe COVID-19.
WormBase: a comprehensive resource for nematode research (2009)

WormBase (http://www.wormbase.org) is a central data repository for nematode biology. Initially created as a service to the Caenorhabditis elegans research field, WormBase has evolved into a powerful research tool in its own right. In the past 2 years, we expanded WormBase to include the complete genomic sequence, gene predictions and orthology assignments from a range of related nematodes. This comparative data enrich the C. elegans data with improved gene predictions and a better understanding of gene function. In turn, they bring the wealth of experimental knowledge of C. elegans to other systems of medical and agricultural importance. Here, we describe new species and data types now available at WormBase. In addition, we detail enhancements to our curatorial pipeline and website infrastructure to accommodate new genomes and an extensive user base.
Recognition of Multiple Substrate Motifs by the c-ABL Protein Tyrosine Kinase (2002)

Using a combinatorial peptide library that is based on the one-bead one-peptide approach we identified 14 peptide substrates for the c-ABL protein tyrosine kinase, which define three distinct consensus sequence groups. This is distinct from many serine/threonine kinases, which often phosphorylate only one major consensus sequence. The three consensus sequences accurately predict phosphorylation sites in cellular ABL substrates proven to play a role in cell signaling. Our data suggest that protein tyrosine kinases have evolved to recognize multiple substrate motifs.
Solidification Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of B1-type TiC in Fe-Ti-C Ternary Alloys (2023)

The microstructure of the B1-type TiC formed during solidification and its mechanical properties were investigated using arc-melted Fe-Ti-C ternary alloys. The TiC formed at relatively high temperatures in the liquid as the primary phase exhibited a dendritic shape. With decreasing temperature and/or decreasing Ti and C content in the liquid, its morphology changed to a cubic shape with the {001}TiC habit plane, a plate shape with the {011}TiC habit plane, and a needle shape with the <001>TiC preferential growth direction. The morphology of the TiC was characterized by the anisotropy of its surface energy and its growth rate. The cubic shape with the {001}TiC habit plane was formed as a result of the minimum surface energy of the {001}TiC. However, the plate shape with the {011}TiC habit plane and the needle shape with the <001>TiC preferential growth direction should be formed due to the slowest growth rate of <011>TiC and the fastest growth rate of <001>TiC, respectively. At room temperature, alloy with the dendritic TiC was fractured in the elastic deformation region because the TiC exhibited no plastic deformation. On the other hand, at 800ºC, it was suggested that the TiC has plastic deformability and alloy with the dendritic TiC was also plastically deformed.
Inelastic scattering measurements of low energy x-ray photons by organics, soil, water, wood, and metals (2006)

The angular distribution of the inelastic scattering of photons at low energies (&#8804;80 KeV) has been measured in organic material, soil, rocks, wood, steel sheet, and water. The measurements have been performed under air inside an X-ray shield cabinet using X-rays tube as a photon source and a thermoelectrically cooled CdTe detector. Measurements have been taken for both single and combined materials. The contributions of inelastic scattering of photons for the lower Z material in a given configuration have been extracted. The measured signal is primarily Compton scattering. The measured inelastic scattering contributions were compared with the calculated inelastic scattering cross sections according to the Klein-Nishina theory, updated to include a practical energy distribution of an X-ray tube beam. Relatively good agreement was found for all targets under investigation. The slight discrepancy is attributed to photoelectric effect and sample configuration. Present results may act as a guide for optimization of X-ray imaging sensors and in particular of those based on lobster eye X-ray optics suitable for cargo inspection, improvised explosives detection, non-destructive evaluation, and medical imaging.
Universal optical multi-drop bus for heterogeneous memory architecture (2011)

Emerging non-volatile memory device technologies such as flash, FRAM, and PCM are changing the traditional main memory architecture consisting of DRAM. New architecture-level and OS-level refinements with these memory devices have been proposed. However, in practice, modern high performance processors have difficulties in adding attachment points for new memory interfaces, since the number of off-chip pins are limited due to packaging constraints, and many pins are already in use for existing functions such as SMP links, IO links, and power supplies. In this paper, by taking advantage of optics with multi-drop topology, we propose a novel high-bandwidth low-power memory bus architecture that can connect different memory devices at the same time with a single attachment point on the processor chip. The prototyped 75-Gbps optical multi-drop bus platform can organize DDR2 and DDR3 SDRAM DIMMs on the single bus, and can be attached to a processor with industry-standard 12-ch 250-μm-pitch parallel optical fibers.
A Combined Technique for Distal Biceps Repair Using a Soft Tissue Button and Biotenodesis Interference Screw (2009)

Repair of acute distal biceps tendon ruptures using a soft tissue button and interference screw technique through a limited anterior incision can allow for accelerated rehabilitation and early return to function.