gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DSA materials contributions to the defectivity performance of 14nm half-pitch LiNe flow at IMEC (2016)

This manuscript shows the relationship between defectivity of a typical chemo-epitaxy sequence and the DSA-specific materials, namely the mat, the brush and the block co-polymer. We demonstrate that the density of assembly defects in a line-space DSA flow, namely the dislocations and 1-period bridges have a direct correlation to certain parameters in the synthesis sequence of these materials. The primary focus of this manuscript is on identifying, controlling and reproducing the defects-critical parameters in the block co-polymer synthesis process for a stable and low defect performance of DSA flows.
Doxorubicin loaded Polymeric Nanoparticulate Delivery System to overcome drug resistance in osteosarcoma (2009)

Lipid-modified dextran nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin showed pronounced anti-proliferative effects against osteosarcoma cell lines. These findings may lead to new treatment options for MDR osteosarcoma.
Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (2013)

A 67-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital under suspicion of a hepatic tumor, which had been previously diagnosed to be an adenocarcinoma by fine needle aspiration. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large tumor measuring 9 cm in diameter in Couinaud's hepatic segments 4, 5, and 8. We diagnosed the patient to have primary liver cancer, and suspected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma preoperatively. We performed a central hepatectomy. According to the immunohistochemical findings of the resected specimen, the tumor was diagnosed to be a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma in the liver. The patient is presently alive without recurrence at 3 months after hepatic resection.
Longitudinal, label-free, quantitative tracking of cell death and viability in a 3D tumor model with OCT (2016)

Three-dimensional in vitro tumor models are highly useful tools for studying tumor growth and treatment response of malignancies such as ovarian cancer. Existing viability and treatment assessment assays, however, face shortcomings when applied to these large, complex, and heterogeneous culture systems. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive, label-free, optical imaging technique that can visualize live cells and tissues over time with subcellular resolution and millimeters of optical penetration depth. Here, we show that OCT is capable of carrying out high-content, longitudinal assays of 3D culture treatment response. We demonstrate the usage and capability of OCT for the dynamic monitoring of individual and combination therapeutic regimens in vitro, including both chemotherapy drugs and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for ovarian cancer. OCT was validated against the standard LIVE/DEAD Viability/Cytotoxicity Assay in small tumor spheroid cultures, showing excellent correlation with existing standards. Importantly, OCT was shown to be capable of evaluating 3D spheroid treatment response even when traditional viability assays failed. OCT 3D viability imaging revealed synergy between PDT and the standard-of-care chemotherapeutic carboplatin that evolved over time. We believe the efficacy and accuracy of OCT in vitro drug screening will greatly contribute to the field of cancer treatment and therapy evaluation.
Prediction of Benefit from Checkpoint Inhibitors in Mismatch Repair Deficient Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Role of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (2020)

Microsatellite instability is the result of mismatch repair protein deficiency, caused by germline mutations or somatic modifications in mismatch repair genes. In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), immunotherapy (with immune checkpoint inhibitors [ICIs]) demonstrated remarkable clinical benefit in microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) patients. ICI primary resistance has been observed in approximately 25% of patients with MSI-H mCRC, underlining the need for predictive biomarkers. In this study, tumor mutational burden (TMB) and tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) analyses were performed in an exploratory cohort of patients with MSI-H mCRC treated with ICIs, demonstrating a significant correlation between higher TMB and increased number of TILs. Results also demonstrated a significant correlation between high number of TILs and clinical responses and survival benefit in a large data set of patients with MSI-H mCRC treated with ICI. TMB and TILs could represent predictive biomarkers of ICI efficacy in MSI-H mCRC and should be incorporated in future trials testing checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer.
Métallation assistée par groupement voisin et application à la synthèse de produits biologiquement actifs (1996)

L'exemple de la 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoleine illustre parfaitement l'effet de groupement voisin sur la metallation: le choix du groupe porte par l'atome d'azote du cycle sature conditionne la preference de l'une ou l'autre des deux positions benzyliques. La reaction du compose non substitue en position 2 avec deux equivalents de lic-kor a permis de mettre en lumiere un mecanisme de metallation - elimination. La metallation de 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolein-4-ols a permis d'acceder aux composes substitues en position 5 avec des rendements acceptables a bons mais dans des conditions inhabituelles pour la metallation d'alcools benzyliques. La pargyline est connue pour sa grande efficacite dans l'inhibition de l'oxydase de monoamine. L'introduction par voie organometallique de substituants en position 4 sur son analogue 1,3-benzodioxolo, a augmente, contrairement a ce que l'on pouvait anticiper, cette activite. . . .
Reduced gut microbial diversity in early life is associated with later development of eczema but not atopy in high‐risk infants (2012)

A more diverse intestinal microbiota in the first week of life is associated with a reduced risk of subsequent eczema in infants at increased risk of allergic disease. Interventions that enhance microbial diversity in early life may provide an effective means for the prevention of eczema in high-risk infants.
Multiple-Level Lumbar Total Disk Replacement (2018)

Multilevel TDR preserves ROM at the individual TDR levels. Most significantly, the nonoperative adjacent level maintains its preoperative ROM at 2-6 years postoperatively. At up to 6 years of follow-up, there has been no need for revision or adjacent-segment surgery. Patients also demonstrate significant improvement in pain and disability at latest follow-up.
The pressure and temperature dependence of the recombination reaction HO+SO2+M→HOSO2+M (1999)

The recombination of the HO radical with SO2 was studied in the bath gas helium at temperatures between 220 and 400 K and in the pressure range between 1 and 96 bar. HO radicals were generated by laser flash photolysis of CH4–O3 mixtures at 248 nm and their decay was detected using saturated laser induced fluorescence (SLIF) following excitation at 281 nm. Thermal second order rate constants were extracted from the SLIF–time profiles under pseudo-first order conditions. Due to our high pressure experiments we accessed a wide part of the falloff range which allowed for a reliable extrapolation towards the high pressure limiting rate constant. We constructed complete falloff curves at 220, 300 and 400 K incorporating the low-pressure experiments from the literature. From the temperature dependence of the high pressure limiting rate constant k1,∞=(1.2±0.3)×10-11 exp(-(360±100) K/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 we conclude on a small barrier for the recombination process. Taking into account this barrier, we express the temperature dependence of the low pressure limiting rate constants as k1,0=[He] (2.5±0.7)×10-32 (T/300 K)-(3.8±0.5) exp(-(360±100)K/T) cm6 molecule-2 s-1. With this new falloff analysis we reanalyzed the recombination rate constants in the literature for various third bodies (Ar, N2, O2, CO2, SO2, H2O and SF6), reliably extrapolated towards the corresponding low pressure limiting rate constants, and determined their collision efficiencies and the average energies 〈ΔE〉all transferred per collision. Implications for atmospheric chemistry are discussed.
Human serum antibody response against Streptococcus mutans antigens (1986)

Antigens from Streptococcus mutans were examined to identify specific polypeptides that may have stimulated antibody responses and possibly play some role in caries immunity. A group of 10 adult human subjects was screened for serum antibodies reactive with antigens from S. mutans. Extracellular and cellular protein preparations from S. mutans LM7 (Bratthall serotype e) and V403 (biotype c) were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by Western electrophoretic transfer and immunoblotting analysis. Antibodies reactive with polypeptides ranging from 34 to 400 kilodaltons in apparent molecular mass were detected by these means. Radioimmunoassay competition experiments revealed that the cellular and extracellular antigens did not compete with each other for serum antibodies. Preabsorption of sera with extracellular proteins from other oral streptococcal species prior to immunoblotting indicated that the antigens unique to S. mutans have molecular masses greater than 100 kilodaltons, and each individual produced antibodies against different antigens of high molecular mass. Examination of sera from young children also indicated heterogeneous responses against S. mutans LM7 antigens.
A portable impedance biosensor instrument for rapid detection of avian influenza virus (2010)

The objectives of this study were to improve our previous portable impedance biosensor instrument with more rapid, reliable and quantitative features for detection of avian influenza (AI) virus and to evaluate its performance using H5N1 and H5N2 virus. A high-intensity and high-gradient magnetic field based separator was designed and fabricated for rapid separation of AI virus. KPL measuring solution was used as background medium to obtain higher stability. Twin BNC connection between the electronic circuit and the biochip was employed to prevent radio frequency interference. The amplitude limiting average filtering method was used to eliminate false signals and a linear regression model was built for the embedded control software. A data acquisition software was developed for communication and data processing. This impedance biosensor instrument could work stand-alone or be connected with a laptop via USB interface. The experimental results showed that the impedance biosensor could identify H5N1 virus with a detection limit of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> EID <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50</sub> /mL in 30 min. A prototype of the improved impedance biosensor was fabricated for evaluation with cloacal swab samples from AI H5N2 virus infected chickens. Compared with viral isolation, this biosensor instrument had a false negative rate of 10%, whereas realtime RT-PCR showed a false negative/positive rate of 20%.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Adoptive Transfer of Autologous Natural Killer Cells Leads to High Levels of Circulating Natural Killer Cells but Does Not Mediate Tumor Regression (2023)

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Multiple scattering effects for polydisperse scatterers in soft media (2021)

We explore the effects of polydispersity in 3D heterogeneous media consisting of scattering species (e.g., droplets, particles) in viscous liquids using a multiple scattering formulation to define effective speed and attenuation spectra. We adopt a published formulation [A. L. Gower, M. J. A. Smith, W. J. Parnell, and I. D. Abrahams, in Proceedings of the Royal Society of America (2018), p. 474] that rigorously extends multiple scattering theory to multi-component systems and show that in the long wavelength region it is consistent with a previous heuristic methodology applied to polydisperse scatterers. We investigate cases of a monomodal size distribution of finite width, and multi-modal size distributions with similar species. Further, systems of mixed scatterer species (i.e., different types of scatterer) with different sizes and distributions are considered. We will discuss the implications for inversion of ultrasonic spectra to determine particle size distributions and for the design of materials with targeted properties by varying composition (concentrations of different scatterer species) and scatterer properties.
Mechanically Activated MoO3. 5. Redox Behavior (1996)

Mechanical activation leads to a variety of defects in MoO3. The behavior of paramagnetic defects in unmilled MoO3 and in MoO3 mechanically activated in a planetary mill for 600 min was investigated by ESR spectroscopy. MoO3 milled for 600 min, and unmilled MoO3 though in a smaller concentration, contain Mo5+ ions. N2 treatment at elevated temperatures increases the Mo5+ concentration in the samples due to oxygen loss. Both MoO3 samples contain octahedrally coordinated Mo5+ species prior to any treatment which interact with a proton in close proximity. An additional signal is observed in both samples that is characteristic of F centers. An inverse Curie−Weiss behavior between 90 and 300 K indicates the pairing of electrons at lower temperatures. Fivefold coordinated Mo5+ species in distorted, square-pyramidal symmetry are generated in the bulk of unmilled MoO3 during N2 flushing at 523 and 623 K. MoO3 milled for 600 min contains, besides 6-fold coordinated Mo5+ in C2v symmetry, a second Mo5+ species in almost C4v symmetry. The Mo−O distances in the equatorial plane are shortened and these Mo5+ centers are assigned to a precursor structure of crystallographic shear planes. Besides 6-fold coordinated Mo5+, tetrahedrally coordinated Mo5+ centers are also generated, if milled MoO3 is treated in N2 at 623 or 673 K which are assigned to the Mo sites on shear defects protruding from the surface. The total intensity of the Mo5+ signals follows the Curie−Weiss law between 90 and 200 K. Above 200 K a deviation from linearity is observed. Hence, a considerable part of the Mo5+ centers does not contribute to the signal intensity at higher temperatures. In situ Raman spectroscopy of mechanically activated MoO3 revealed the formation of some nonstoichiometric MoO3-x after thermal treatment at 673 K in N2 for 1 h. In addition, diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was used to characterize the stability of OH groups on the surface of MoO3 and in the bulk of the milled sample. The OH species located in the bulk of MoO3 was found to be stable even at 673 K under flowing N2.
Query Chem: a Google-powered web search combining text and chemical structures (2006)

Query Chem (www.QueryChem.com) is a Web program that integrates chemical structure and text-based searching using publicly available chemical databases and Google's Web Application Program Interface (API). Query Chem makes it possible to search the Web for information about chemical structures without knowing their common names or identifiers. Furthermore, a structure can be combined with textual query terms to further restrict searches. Query Chem's search results can retrieve many interesting structure-property relationships of biomolecules on the Web.
The Essential Oil of Populus balsamifera Buds: Its Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Activity (2014)

The chemical composition of Populus balsamifera essential oils obtained from spring buds, fall buds, and young leaves were determined by GC and GC-MS analyses. The major constituent, (+)-alpha-bisabolol, a rare sesquiterpene, was isolated from spring oil using reverse-phase preparative HPLC. The cytotoxic activity of balsam poplar oils and isolated (+)-alpha-bisabolol was assessed in vitro against human lung carcinoma (A549) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) cell lines. Essential oils were cytotoxic with IC50 ranging from 35 to 50 microg/mL. (+)-alpha-Bisabolol exhibited pronounced activity (IC50 14 microg/mL) against both cancer cell lines. It also exhibited interesting cytotoxic activity (IC50 23 microg/mL) against human glioma (U251), higher than the one observed for (-)-alpha-bisabolol (IC50 34 microg/mL), which is known for its apoptosis-inducing effect against glioma cells.
Extracellular bio-synthesis of silver nanoparticles (2015)

The effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB has been studied on the optical properties and morphology of advanced Ag-nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Oriental plane leaves extract as a reducing-, stabilizing- and capping-agent for the first time. The formation of Ag-nanodisks was monitored by measuring the UV–vis spectra at different time intervals (5, 10, 20 and 30 min) after adding the leaves extract (from 1 to 5 cm3) to the different AgNO3 solutions ([Ag+] = 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0 × 10−4 mol dm−3). The sigmoidal nature of the reaction-time plots suggests the involvements of an autocatalytic reaction path. In the presence of CTAB, the peak at 450 nm is shifted to shorter wavelength, i.e., 425 nm and sharpness of the surface resonance plasmon (SRP) band also decreases. The results confirm a significant change in the morphology and/or agglomeration tendency with CTAB. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results show the formation of stable AgNPs at different concentration of AgNO3 gives mostly spherical particles with diameter ranging from 10 to 30 nm.
Policy-Driven Neural Response Generation for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Systems (2020)

Open-domain dialogue systems aim to generate relevant, informative and engaging responses. Seq2seq neural response generation approaches do not have explicit mechanisms to control the content or style of the generated response, and frequently result in uninformative utterances. In this paper, we propose using a dialogue policy to plan the content and style of target responses in the form of an action plan, which includes knowledge sentences related to the dialogue context, targeted dialogue acts, topic information, etc. The attributes within the action plan are obtained by automatically annotating the publicly released Topical-Chat dataset. We condition neural response generators on the action plan which is then realized as target utterances at the turn and sentence levels. We also investigate different dialogue policy models to predict an action plan given the dialogue context. Through automated and human evaluation, we measure the appropriateness of the generated responses and check if the generation models indeed learn to realize the given action plans. We demonstrate that a basic dialogue policy that operates at the sentence level generates better responses in comparison to turn level generation as well as baseline models with no action plan. Additionally the basic dialogue policy has the added effect of controllability.
Comparison of electrohydraulic lithotripters with rigid and pressure-release ellipsoidal reflectors. II. Cavitation fields (1999)

Dramatically different cavitation was produced by two separate acoustic pulses that had different shapes but similar duration, frequency content, and peak positive and negative pressure. Both pulses were produced by a Dornier HM-3 style lithotripter: one pulse when the ellipsoidal reflector was rigid, the other when the reflector was pressure release. The cavitation, or bubble action, generated by the conventional rigid-reflector pulse was nearly 50 times longer lived and 3-13 times stronger than that produced by the pressure-release-reflector pulse. Cavitation durations measured by passive acoustic detection and high-speed video agreed with calculations based on the Gilmore equation. Cavitation intensity, or destructive potential, was judged (1) experimentally by the size of pits in aluminum foil detectors and (2) numerically by the calculated amplitude of the shock wave emitted by a collapsing bubble. The results indicate that the trailing positive spike in the pressure-release-reflector waveform stifles bubble growth and mitigates the collapse, whereas the trough after the positive spike in the rigid-reflector waveform triggers inertially driven growth and collapse. The two reflectors therefore provide a tool to compare effects in weakly and strongly cavitating fields and thereby help assess cavitation's role in lithotripsy.
Compatibility of conventional agrochemicals used in rice crops with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (2013)

The toxicological impact of chemical pesticides on fungal entomopathogens and their use in tank-mixing can be directly measured through in vitro compatibility tests. This study reports the in vitro toxicity of eight insecticides, four fungicides and five herbicides in the conidial germination, vegetative growth and conidiation of Metarhizium anisopliae (strain CG 168). A conidial suspension containing the pesticide at recommended field dosage was subjected to constant agitation in a rotary shaker for 3h to simulate a tank mixing. Then, aliquots of each suspension were used to determine conidial germination, vegetative growth and conidiation on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The fungicides difenoconazole (69 mL ha-1), propiconazole (75 mL ha-1), trifloxystrobin (313 g ha-1) and azoxystrobin (56 mL ha-1) were the most harmful products to all biological stages of M. anisopliae and they should not be applied together with this fungus in tank mixing. The insecticides exhibited the least degree of toxicity to this fungal pathogen, whereas the herbicides had the greatest impact on mycelial growth. The agrochemicals compatible with M. anisopliae were the insecticides methyl parathion (240 mL ha-1), thiamethoxam (31 g ha-1), and lambda-cyhalothrin (6.3 mL ha-1) and the herbicides glyphosate (1560 mL ha-1), bentazon (720 mL ha-1), and imazapic+ imazapyr (84 g ha-1). The compatible pesticides could be simultaneously used with this bio-control agent for integrated pest management in rice production systems.
The efficiency of bridging sheet recruitment determines HIV-1 R5 envelope sensitivity to soluble CD4 and macrophage tropism (2012)

Background HIV-1 R5 viruses vary extensively in their capacity to infect macrophages. R5 viruses that confer efficient infection of macrophages are able to exploit low levels of CD4 for infection and they predominate in brain tissue where macrophages are a major target for infection. HIV-1 R5 variants that are transmitted are generally non-macrophage-tropic. Here, we investigated the sensitivity of macrophage-tropic and non-macrophage-tropic R5 envelopes to neutralizing antibodies.