gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interface States Beyond Band Gap and Their Impact on Charge Carrier Mobility in MOSFETs (2012)

Interface states play an important role in the performance of MOSFETs, and previous works only addressed the states within band gap. The implicit assumption is that the states beyond band gap (SBBs) are negligible, but there is no experimental evidence supporting it. Because of a lack of techniques for characterizing SBBs, there is hardly any information available. The central objective of this paper is to develop a technique for evaluating SBBs and to show the impact of SBBs on mobility evaluation. For the first time, the pulse capacitance-voltage has been used to extract SBBs quantitatively. It is found that SBBs can reach the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> ·eV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> beyond both conduction- and valence-band edges on a fresh MOSFET. The conventional split <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> technique ignores the SBBs, and this can lead to an underestimation of carrier mobility over 30%. Using the newly developed technique as a tool, the impact of nitridation of Hf-based dielectric stacks on carrier mobility is assessed. As nitrogen density increases, the apparent reduction of carrier mobility observed by early works originates from the higher SBBs. Once SBBs are taken into account, nitridation does not degrade carrier mobility. The SBBs are sensitive to process conditions, and this paper opens the way for their minimization.
An Analytical Tension Model for Continuum Robots with n Generally Positioned Tendons (2019)

The estimation of tension loads in multi-tendon continuum robots or catheters plays an important role not only in the design process but also in the control algorithm to avoid slack. An analytical tension loading model is developed that, for any given beam configuration within the workspace, calculates tendon tensions in [Formula: see text]-tendon continuum robots with general tendon positioning. The model accounts for the bending and axial compliance of the manipulator as well as tendon compliance. A 6-tendon continuum robot integrated with a stereo vision-based 3D reconstruction system is utilized to experimentally validate the proposed analytical model in open-loop control architecture. The proposed model demonstrates around 95% accuracy in estimating tendon tensions in a continuum robot with general tendon positioning and axial stretch in its tendons for all of the trials and experiments.
G-MAC: Geographical group MAC for event-driven wireless sensor networks (2015)

This paper proposes geographical group MAC (G-MAC) for event-driven wireless sensor networks. G-MAC is a hybrid MAC protocol combined with the contention-based and contention-free MAC protocols. Collision avoidance is one major task in the contention-based MAC protocols. Collision is much significant as a channel is shared by a large number of contending hosts. If it is possible to reduce the number of contending hosts, collisions could be decreased. This is a basic idea of the proposed G-MAC. By diving the area covered by the sensing hosts into the multiple geographical groups and by separating the channel access time for each group, it could reduce the number of contending hosts. Also, G-MAC needs the time synchronization and channel access scheduling for the separating groups to avoid the interference with others. Simply to say, the proposed G-MAC works on the contention-based channel access for the hosts within a group, but operates on the contention-free channel access among the groups. Computer simulation is conducted to study the effects of the number of groups on collision, packet loss and delay. This paper presents that the proposed G-MAC has the superior performance of collision avoidance and packet loss compared to the contention-based MAC protocols.
Simulation, learning, and optimization techniques in Watson's game strategies (2012)

The game of Jeopardy!™ features four types of strategic decision-making: 1) Daily Double wagering; 2) Final Jeopardy! wagering; 3) selecting the next square when in control of the board; and 4) deciding whether to attempt to answer, i.e., buzz in. Strategies that properly account for the game state and future event probabilities can yield a huge boost in overall winning chances, when compared with simple rule-of-thumb strategies. In this paper, we present an approach to developing and testing components to make said strategy decisions, founded upon development of reasonably faithful simulation models of the players and the Jeopardy! game environment. We describe machine learning and Monte Carlo methods used in simulations to optimize the respective strategy algorithms. Application of these methods yielded superhuman game strategies for IBM Watson™ that significantly enhanced its overall competitive record.
Imaging artwork in a studio environment for computer graphics rendering (2015)

When viewing a reproduction of a painting in textbooks and online, important visual information, including surface texture, can be lost. Providing an experience to viewers that can convey some of this lost information without significantly increasing the necessary equipment and training possessed by a typical studio photographer would enrich education, documentation, conservation, and presentation of artwork for the public. A modified photometric stereo technique coupled with the rendering software mental ray packaged with Maya<sup>®</sup> is presented as a means of capturing surface normal maps and diffuse color information used in the rendering of realistic attributes of paintings. mental ray’s ability to realistically render two different paintings with different gloss properties was evaluated by comparing the proposed capture technique and a previously published technique that employs cross-polarization, demonstrating that traditional imaging is a viable technique for generating input data for computer graphics rendering software.
DIG: Draping Implicit Garment over the Human Body (2022)

Existing data-driven methods for draping garments over human bodies, despite being effective, cannot handle garments of arbitrary topology and are typically not end-to-end differentiable. To address these limitations, we propose an end-to-end differentiable pipeline that represents garments using implicit surfaces and learns a skinning field conditioned on shape and pose parameters of an articulated body model. To limit body-garment interpenetrations and artifacts, we propose an interpenetration-aware pre-processing strategy of training data and a novel training loss that penalizes self-intersections while draping garments. We demonstrate that our method yields more accurate results for garment reconstruction and deformation with respect to state of the art methods. Furthermore, we show that our method, thanks to its end-to-end differentiability, allows to recover body and garments parameters jointly from image observations, something that previous work could not do.
Sub‐micro scale cell segmentation using deep learning (2022)

Automated cell segmentation is key for rapid and accurate investigation of cell responses. As instrumentation resolving power increases, clear delineation of newly revealed cellular features at the submicron through nanoscale becomes important. Reliance on the manual investigation of myriad small features retards investigation; however, use of deep learning methods has great potential to reveal cell features both at high accuracy and high speed, which may lead to new discoveries in the near term. In this study, semantic cell segmentation systems were investigated by implementing fully convolutional neural networks called U-nets for the segmentation of astrocytes cultured on poly-l-lysine-functionalized planar glass. The network hyperparameters were determined by changing the number of network layers, loss functions, and input image modalities. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images were selected for investigation as these are inherently nanoscale and are also dimensional. AFM height, deflection, and friction images were used as inputs separately and together, and the segmentation performances were investigated on five-fold cross-validation data. Transfer learning methods, including VGG16, VGG19, and Xception, were used to improve cell segmentation performance. We find that AFM height images inherit more discriminative features than AFM deflection and AFM friction images for cell segmentation. When transfer-learning methods are applied, statistically significant segmentation performance improvements are observed. Segmentation performance was compared to classical image processing algorithms and other algorithms in use by considering both AFM and electron microscopy segmentation. An accuracy of 0.9849, Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.9218, and Dice's similarity coefficient of 0.9306 were obtained on the AFM test images. Performance evaluations show that the proposed system can be successfully used for AFM cell segmentation with high precision.
Umbralisib, a Dual PI3Kδ/CK1ε Inhibitor in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Indolent Lymphoma (2021)

Umbralisib achieved meaningful clinical activity in heavily pretreated patients with iNHL. The safety profile was manageable, with a relatively low incidence of immune-mediated toxicities and adverse event-related discontinuations.
Scalable Formation of Diamine-Appended Metal–Organic Framework Hollow Fiber Sorbents for Postcombustion CO2 Capture (2022)

We describe a straightforward and scalable fabrication of diamine-appended metal-organic framework (MOF)/polymer composite hollow fiber sorbent modules for CO<sub>2</sub> capture from dilute streams, such as flue gas from natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plants. A specific Mg-MOF, Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) (dobpdc<sup>4-</sup> = 4,4'-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate), incorporated into poly(ether sulfone) (PES) is directly spun through a conventional "dry-jet, wet-quench" method. After phase separation, a cyclic diamine 2-(aminomethyl)piperidine (2-ampd) is infused into the MOF within the polymer matrix during postspinning solvent exchange. The MOF hollow fibers from direct spinning contain as high as 70% MOF in the total fibers with 98% of the pure MOF uptake. The resulting fibers exhibit a step isotherm and a "shock-wave-shock" breakthrough profile consistent with pure 2-ampd-Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc). This work demonstrates a practical method for fabricating 2-ampd-Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) fiber sorbents that display the MOF's high CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity while lowering the pressure drop during operation.
An improved homogeneity design method for fast field‐cycling coils in molecular MRI (2022)

The new design method was found to greatly improve the insert coil field homogeneity and reduce errors in dreMR imaging in simulation without detriment to shielding. This method's capability to increase ROI and control its location will be used to design human dreMR coils going forward.
B cells imprint adoptively transferred CD8 + T cells with enhanced tumor immunity (2021)

ABSTRACT Here we report a novel strategy to reverse the tolerant state of adoptively transferred CD8 + T cells against melanoma through ex vivo expansion with the TLR9 agonist CpG. T cells generated in the presence of CpG display potent anti-tumor efficacy without in vivo co-administration of high dose IL-2 or vaccination, which are classically required for effective treatment of solid tumors using adoptive cell therapies. CD8 + T cells adopt a unique proteomic signature and are characterized by an IL-2Rα high ICOS high CD39 low phenotype after CpG-mediated expansion. Surprisingly, we found that the presence of B cells, in the culture, was essential for imprinting CD8 + T cells with this phenotype and moreover purified B cells were sufficient to mediate the CpG-associated changes in T cells. These findings reveal a vital role for B cells in the generation of effective antitumor CD8 + T cells and have immediate implications for profoundly improving immunotherapy for patients. SUMMARY STATEMENT The TLR9 agonist CpG allows B cells to license adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells with potent tumor immunity. These licensed T cells have a unique proteomic signature, are marked by low CD39 and high ICOS and IL-2Rα expression, and engraft robustly in vivo .
Modulation transfer function (MTF) measurement of CdZnTe detectors for digital radiography and computed tomography (2002)

In this study, dependence of the temporal modulation of a Cd/sub 1-x/Zn/sub x/Te detector, operated under scanning beam geometry, of both the applied electric field and detector thickness, at each frequency of a scanning square-wave test pattern, have been measured. The experimental arrangement, although is not offered for large field-of-view imaging applications, offers potential capabilities for feasibility studies, research and evaluation of the temporal response and noise characteristics of a Cd/sub 1-x/Zn/sub x/Te detector, for fast digital radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) applications. The experimental results indicate a system spatial resolution of >8 cy/mm. Currently, efforts are aimed at improving the imaging potential of the experimental detector system, by optimizing system geometry as well as by increasing the temporal response of the overall system.
Is central obesity a better discriminator of the risk of hypertension than body mass index in ethnically diverse populations? (2008)

Blood pressure is similarly associated with each of the four measures of overweight chosen, but the associations were stronger among Asians. WHR has advantages in terms of consistency of thresholds for hypertension across ethnic groups in the Asia-Pacific.
III-V-on-Silicon Photonic Transceivers (2019)

In this paper we give an overview on our work on silicon photonic high-speed transceivers and the co-integration of III-V opto-electronic components on the silicon photonic platform.
Secreted Frizzled-related Protein 5 Diminishes Cardiac Inflammation and Protects the Heart from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (2015)

Wnt signaling has diverse actions in cardiovascular development and disease processes. Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp5) has been shown to function as an extracellular inhibitor of non-canonical Wnt signaling that is expressed at relatively high levels in white adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Sfrp5 in the heart under ischemic stress. Sfrp5 KO and WT mice were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Although Sfrp5-KO mice exhibited no detectable phenotype when compared with WT control at baseline, they displayed larger infarct sizes, enhanced cardiac myocyte apoptosis, and diminished cardiac function following I/R. The ischemic lesions of Sfrp5-KO mice had greater infiltration of Wnt5a-positive macrophages and greater inflammatory cytokine and chemokine gene expression when compared with WT mice. In bone marrow-derived macrophages, Wnt5a promoted JNK activation and increased inflammatory gene expression, whereas treatment with Sfrp5 blocked these effects. These results indicate that Sfrp5 functions to antagonize inflammatory responses after I/R in the heart, possibly through a mechanism involving non-canonical Wnt5a/JNK signaling.
An optimized NLMS algorithm for acoustic echo cancellation (2015)

In order to improve the overall performance of the normalized least-mean-square (NLMS) algorithm, there is the need to control its main parameters, i.e., the normalized step-size and regularization terms. In this context, the variable step-size and variable regularized versions of the NLMS algorithm are designed to address the conflicting requirement of fast convergence and low misadjustment. In this paper, we propose an optimized NLMS algorithm for acoustic echo cancellation (AEC). This algorithm is based on a joint-optimization on both the normalized step-size and regularization parameters, in the context of a state variable model (similar to Kalman filtering). The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can be a reliable choice for AEC applications, since it achieves fast convergence and tracking, low misadjustment, and double-talk robustness.
Fighting cancer by disrupting C-terminal methylation of signaling proteins (2004)

Protein methylation at the C-terminus of mammalian isoprenylated proteins has been implicated in membrane attachment, protein-protein interactions, and protein stability. A new paper describes surprising results: in the absence of methylation some target proteins have increased stability, whereas others have decreased stability. The decreased stability of the RhoA protein is correlated with an increased resistance to Ras-dependent transformation and suggests the basis for the development of a new approach to antitumor therapy.
Product Design and Development of Ultra Thin Wall Ceramic Catalytic Substrate (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Development of the ultra thin wall ceramic catalytic substrate is necessary to meet increasingly strict emissions regulations. The cell walls need to be thinner in order to improve the warm-up characteristics related to the reduction of emissions and to lower the back pressure. However, the thinner the wall thickness, the smaller the mechanical strength of the substrate becomes. For substrates with 2.5mil wall thickness, we densified a conventional material with 35% porosity to less than 30%[&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] to improve erosion resistance. Furthermore, for substrates less than 2.5mil wall thickness, a denser material and strengthened end surface is necessary to protect against erosion. In addition to that, we think that a reinforced periphery is necessary for isostatic strength. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of a densified material, strengthened end surface, and a reinforced periphery.&lt;/div&gt;
A hybrid system approach to modeling and optimal control of DISC engines (2003)

This paper illustrates the application of hybrid modeling and optimal control to the problem of air-to-fuel ratio and torque control in advanced technology gasoline direct injection stratified charge (DISC) engines. DISC engines have two discrete modes of operation, stratified and homogeneous, and their dynamic behavior can be easily captured by a hybrid model. We show that the design flow (hybrid modeling and controller synthesis) is simple in terms of problem setup and tuning, provides good closed-loop performance, and leads to a control law that can be implemented on automotive hardware as a piecewise affine function of the measured and estimated quantities.
Supplementary Figure S3 from First-in-Human Study of Utomilumab, a 4-1BB/CD137 Agonist, in Combination with Rituximab in Patients with Follicular and Other CD20<sup>+</sup> Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Gene signatures in baseline peripheral blood samples associated with prognosis in follicular lymphoma patients treated with rituximab and utomilumab. Higher, normalized enrichment scores (NES) correspond to poorer survival. NES were derived from gene set enrichment analysis with genes pre-ranked by hazard ratio from multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model stratified by dose levels and adjusting for age, sex, race, stage, and whether patients had progressed on prior rituximab-containing therapy. Gene sets assessed were derived from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) hallmark collection (Liberzon et al, Cell Syst 2015;1:417-25). Only significant cell populations are shown (FDR-adjusted q value &lt;0.05).&lt;/p&gt;
Resin Bonding to Type IV Gold Alloy Conditioned with a Novel Mercapto Silane System: Effect of Incorporation of a Phosphate Monomer (2017)

Self-assembled monolayers of thiols have been used to link a range of materials to planar gold surfaces or gold nanoparticles in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Novel mercapto silane systems are a promising alternative to dental noble metal alloys for enhanced resin bonding durability Goldbased alloys for full-cast restorations contain various base metal elements, which may bond to acidic functional monomers chemically, in addition to noble metal elements. This study examined how the additional incorporation of a phosphate monomer (di-2-hydroxyethyl methacryl hydrogenphosphate, DHP) into novel mercapto silane primer systems affected the resin bond strength to a type IV gold alloy pretreated with the primers. One of three commercial primers (Alloy Primer and M. L. Primer) and three experimental primer systems ((1) blend of γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (SPS) and γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) (both 1.0 wt%), (2) 1.0 wt% DHP-containing primer, and (3) blend of SPS, MPS, and DHP (each 1.0 wt%)) was applied to the alloy surfaces after sandblasting. Resin cylinders (diameter: 2.38 mm) were bonded to the surfaces and light-cured. All bonded specimens were stored in water at 37 °C for 24 h and then half of them additionally water immersed for 7 days (37 °C) and thermocycled 10,000 times before the shear bond strength test (n = 10). The mercapto silane systems (SPS + MPS) were found to show superior resin bonding durability to the commercial primers and the only DHP-containing primer, regardless of additional incorporation of the phosphate monomer.
Color Halftoning Based on Multi-Stage, Multi-Pass, Clustered-DBS (2017)

The conventional color halftoning method for laser printer is based on periodic clustered-dot halftoning screen, which visible moire and rosette artifacts may appear. In this paper, the first two color aperiodic, clustered-dot halftoning algorithms, NPAC-MS-MP-CLU-DBS and PARAWACS-MS-MP-CLU-DBS, are introduced, which have the inherent stability during the printing process to resist misregistration and the potential to avoid moire and rosette for the aperiodic property. Besides, the color management pipeline for halftoning algorithms based on NPAC (Neugebauer Primaries area coverages) also be introduced in this paper.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISM‐BASED ENZYME INACTIVATION USING AN ALLYL SULFOXIDE‐ALLYL SULFENATE ESTER REARRANGEMENT (1980)

Abstract Die Desaktivierung von Cystathionin‐ry‐Synthetase und Methionin‐qr‐lyase durch die Sulfinyl‐aminosäuren (Ia) sowie ein Ketten‐tritiiertes Isotopomeres, die Reaktivierung durch Thiole und einen Desaktivierungsschutz durch Thiole werden untersucht.
36. The pattern of fibrinogen biosynthesis and assembly in lung and liver epithelial cells during inflammation (1998)

University of Rochester, Departments of 1 Medicine-Vascular, 2Medicine-Vascular and Immunology and 3Pathology, Rochester, New York, USA.