gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using geosimulators to enhance field-based geological training (2004)

Bjørn Sæther, Ståle Emil Johansen, Jonny Hesthammer, Olav Solbakken and Kari Ellen Synnestvedt explain how the pioneering use of computer technology can enhance field training in the geosciences for both university students and oil company personnel. Extracting information from outcrop geology is essential to understand geological processes, consequently field work and field courses have been a traditional part of geoscience university courses. Due to the oil industry’s increasing focus on computer technology, however, expensive and logistically demanding field studies have become harder to justify, but even more critical. This paper describes a pioneering project where computer technology is an integral part of field training. By combining a wide range of geological and geophysical information in a specially designed computer package, SVALSIM, it is possible for field students to participate interactively in the learning process. SVALSIM comprises a digital terrain model (based on the technology of flight simulators) supplemented by various types of geological information, including geological maps, profiles, field photos, well logs, seismic data, as well as sound and movie clips and traditional text-based material. An example of how the technology can be implemented into geological field trips is described by Hesthammer et al. (2002). There are also external links to additional information on selected subjects available on the web (www.sim.no and www.learninggeoscience.net). Parts of SVALSIM are illustrated on web sites www.statoil.com (under Topics, Geo 2000) and www.scanviz.org/Media/ Sval Sim.htm.
ANCA titres, even of IgG subclasses, and soluble CD14 fail to predict relapses in patients with ANCA‐associated vasculitis (2001)

There is no rationale for serial measurements of ANCA in AASV. For changes of therapy, the ANCA parameters should only be used in conjunction with clinical information.
Causal Structure Learning with Recommendation System (2022)

A fundamental challenge of recommendation systems (RS) is understanding the causal dynamics underlying users' decision making. Most existing literature addresses this problem by using causal structures inferred from domain knowledge. However, there are numerous phenomenons where domain knowledge is insufficient, and the causal mechanisms must be learnt from the feedback data. Discovering the causal mechanism from RS feedback data is both novel and challenging, since RS itself is a source of intervention that can influence both the users' exposure and their willingness to interact. Also for this reason, most existing solutions become inappropriate since they require data collected free from any RS. In this paper, we first formulate the underlying causal mechanism as a causal structural model and describe a general causal structure learning framework grounded in the real-world working mechanism of RS. The essence of our approach is to acknowledge the unknown nature of RS intervention. We then derive the learning objective from our framework and propose an augmented Lagrangian solver for efficient optimization. We conduct both simulation and real-world experiments to demonstrate how our approach compares favorably to existing solutions, together with the empirical analysis from sensitivity and ablation studies.
A study on the ternary blends of nylon 6, a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer, and a thermoplastic elastomer (1998)

Abstract Reactive extrusions were performed with blends of nylon 6 and a liquid crystalline copolyesteramide (LCP) including a functionalized elastomer (maleic anhydride grafted ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer). The functionalized elastomer acts as a compatibilizer at the interface. The thermal behavior of the blends suggests partial compatibility of the components endowed by the produced graftcopolymer. A finer dispersion was observed for the compatibilized blends. Fine fibrils were also observed even when no extensional force was applied, indicating the importance of interfacial adhesion for the dispersed phase deformation. The shear viscosity of the ternary blend was lower than those of the neat polymers. The mechanical properties of the compatibilized blends, however, were not significantly improved except when an optimum amount of compatibilizer was added. Explanations for the compatibilizing action of the elastomer and mechanical performance of the ternary blends are presented.
Bitstream trimming of a smart temperature sensor (2006)

The paper presents a high-resolution trimming technique for use in precision smart temperature sensors. A digital sigma-delta modulator is used to trim the bias current of a bipolar transistor to compensate for process spread. In contrast with conventional trimming techniques, only a small chip area is required. The implementation of this technique in a temperature sensor with a sigma-delta ADC is discussed. On a prototype realized in 0.7 /spl mu/m CMOS, an 8-bit trimming resolution was measured, corresponding to 0.02/spl deg/C on a range of 4.5/spl deg/C.
Rovibrational Distributions of CH(B 2.SIGMA.-) Produced in Electron-C2H2 Collisions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRovibrational Distributions of CH(B 2.SIGMA.-) Produced in Electron-C2H2 CollisionsKenji Furuya, Akihiro Matsuo, Manabu Tokeshi, and Teiichiro OgawaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 38, 13772–13777Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100038a005https://doi.org/10.1021/j100038a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Changes in Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Breath pH during Fluticasone Wean in Asthma (2009)

FENO can be a patient-specific index of airway inflammation during ICS dose titration; change in EBC pH is one home marker that might possibly be used during ICS dose titration. However, additional studies are required.
Comparison of Results of BIS and GSI Guidelines on Macrolevel Landslide Hazard Zonation – A Case Study along Highway from Bhalukpong to Bomdila, West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh (2014)

Abstract: This paper compares the findings of macrolevel landslide hazard zonation carried out along the highway from Bhalukpong to Bomdila, West Kameng district, Arunachal Pradesh following GSI and BIS guidelines. The map resulted from the GSI guideline shows that 69.31% of the faceted area falls under the Low Hazard Zone (LHZ) while 17.69%, 7.31%, 5.03% and 0.65% of the area are in Moderate Hazard Zone (MHZ), High Hazard Zone (HHZ), Very Low Hazard Zone (VLHZ) and Very High Hazard Zone (VHHZ) respectively. Correlation between the landslide incidences and different hazard zones reveals that maximum failure percentage is in VHHZ and it is followed by HHZ, MHZ and LHZ. The second map resulting from BIS guideline reveals that 45.77% of the faceted area falls under MHZ while 41.39%, 11.52% and 1.29% of the area are in HHZ, LHZ and VHHZ respectively. Not a single facet falls in VLHZ. With regard to failure percentage VHHZ experiences 50%, while that of HHZ, MMH and LHZ is roughly 11.5% each. In the study area, the landslide hazard zonation map resulting from GSI guideline broadly conforms to field condition. It may be due to the fact that the study area is along the road corridor where slope cutting and landslides are very common and GSI guideline considers both the slope cutting and landslide parameters, while it is not so in the case of BIS guidelines. However, a final conclusion can be drawn after carrying out such studies in different geological settings.
Microfluidic high-throughput culturing of single cells for selection based on extracellular metabolite production or consumption (2014)

Phenotyping single cells based on the products they secrete or consume is a key bottleneck in many biotechnology applications, such as combinatorial metabolic engineering for the overproduction of secreted metabolites. Here we present a flexible high-throughput approach that uses microfluidics to compartmentalize individual cells for growth and analysis in monodisperse nanoliter aqueous droplets surrounded by an immiscible fluorinated oil phase. We use this system to identify xylose-overconsuming Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells from a population containing one such cell per 10[superscript 4] cells and to screen a genomic library to identify multiple copies of the xylose isomerase gene as a genomic change contributing to high xylose consumption, a trait important for lignocellulosic feedstock utilization. We also enriched L-lactate–producing Escherichia coli clones 5,800× from a population containing one L-lactate producer per 10[superscript 4] D-lactate producers. Our approach has broad applications for single-cell analyses, such as in strain selection for the overproduction of fuels, chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
Stochastic Second-Order Methods Improve Best-Known Sample Complexity of SGD for Gradient-Dominated Function (2022)

We study the performance of Stochastic Cubic Regularized Newton (SCRN) on a class of functions satisfying gradient dominance property with $1\leα\le2$ which holds in a wide range of applications in machine learning and signal processing. This condition ensures that any first-order stationary point is a global optimum. We prove that the total sample complexity of SCRN in achieving $ε$-global optimum is $\mathcal{O}(ε^{-7/(2α)+1})$ for $1\leα&lt; 3/2$ and $\mathcal{\tilde{O}}(ε^{-2/(α)})$ for $3/2\leα\le 2$. SCRN improves the best-known sample complexity of stochastic gradient descent. Even under a weak version of gradient dominance property, which is applicable to policy-based reinforcement learning (RL), SCRN achieves the same improvement over stochastic policy gradient methods. Additionally, we show that the average sample complexity of SCRN can be reduced to ${\mathcal{O}}(ε^{-2})$ for $α=1$ using a variance reduction method with time-varying batch sizes. Experimental results in various RL settings showcase the remarkable performance of SCRN compared to first-order methods.
NF-κB Is Activated in CD4+ iNKT Cells by Sickle Cell Disease and Mediates Rapid Induction of Adenosine A2A Receptors (2013)

Reperfusion injury following tissue ischemia occurs as a consequence of vaso-occlusion that is initiated by activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Sickle cell disease (SDC) results in widely disseminated microvascular ischemia and reperfusion injury as a result of vaso-occlusion by rigid and adhesive sickle red blood cells. In mice, iNKT cell activation requires NF-κB signaling and can be inhibited by the activation of anti-inflammatory adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs). Human iNKT cells are divided into subsets of CD4+ and CD4- cells. In this study we found that human CD4+ iNKT cells, but not CD4- cells undergo rapid NF-κB activation (phosphorylation of NF-κB on p65) and induction of A2ARs (detected with a monoclonal antibody 7F6-G5-A2) during SCD painful vaso-occlusive crises. These findings indicate that SCD primarily activates the CD4+ subset of iNKT cells. Activation of NF-κB and induction of A2ARs is concordant, i.e. only CD4+ iNKT cells with activated NF-κB expressed high levels of A2ARs. iNKT cells that are not activated during pVOC express low levels of A2AR immunoreactivity. These finding suggest that A2AR transcription may be induced in CD4+ iNKT cells as a result of NF-κB activation in SCD. In order to test this hypothesis further we examined cultured human iNKT cells. In cultured cells, blockade of NF-κB with Bay 11-7082 or IKK inhibitor VII prevented rapid induction of A2AR mRNA and protein upon iNKT activation. In conclusion, NF-κB-mediated induction of A2ARs in iNKT cells may serve as a counter-regulatory mechanism to limit the extent and duration of inflammatory immune responses. As activated iNKT cells express high levels of A2ARs following their activation, they may become highly sensitive to inhibition by A2AR agonists.
Toward a Monolithic Pixel Sensor for Heavy Ion Spectroscopy—Pixel Structure Design and Optimization (2023)

Detection and classification of cosmic particles is essential for many scientific and engineering applications. Currently available heavy ion detectors necessitate an external readout integrated circuit when conducting both measurements of particle energy deposition and particle incident position. In this paper, we propose an innovative monolithic pixel detector topology capable of distinguishing between particles in a predefined LET range. The analog and digital readout circuitry are incorporated into the pixel region while maintaining almost an 100% detection fill factor over the entire pixel array. We present comprehensive CAD 3D simulations of the device to verify the applicability of the detector for galactic cosmic rays with the specified LET levels and induced charge distribution. We evaluate the charge collection performance under heavy-ion hit conditions and provide an assessment of the impact on charge collection from the particle impinging position, particle LET, angle of penetration and circuit bias. The results indicate a linear relationship between particle LET and collected charge, regardless of the ion hit position and almost independent of the circuit voltage bias. The simulation results for various particle incident angles show correlations between charge collection and particle trajectory length. We propose an implementation which makes it possible to determine the particle angle of penetration and particle LET attributes. The radiation tolerance of the sensor was estimated. Its applicability to the non-ionizing radiation environment was shown to be adequate for low Earth orbits.
Crispr/Cas9-based COL7A1 editing for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (2015)

Abstract non disponibile
Use of attenuated paramyxoviruses for cancer therapy (2010)

Paramyxoviruses, measles virus (MV), mumps virus (MuV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), are well known for causing measles and mumps in humans and Newcastle disease in birds. These viruses have been tamed (attenuated) and successfully used as vaccines to immunize their hosts. Remarkably, pathogenic MuV and vaccine strains of MuV, MV and NDV efficiently infect and kill cancer cells and are consequently being investigated as novel cancer therapies (oncolytic virotherapy). Phase I/II clinical trials have shown promise but treatment efficacy needs to be enhanced. Technologies being developed to increase treatment efficacy include: virotherapy in combination with immunosuppressive drugs (cyclophosphamide); retargeting of viruses to specific tumor types or tumor vasculature; using infected cell carriers to protect and deliver the virus to tumors; and genetic manipulation of the virus to increase viral spread and/or express transgenes during viral replication. Transgenes have enabled noninvasive imaging or tracking of viral gene expression and enhancement of tumor destruction.
Analysis of a series-resonant converter with ZVS-PWM control (2000)

Many resonant converters have been proposed previously, and their soft-switching techniques have yielded prominent features of high efficiency and low noise. However, the variable-frequency control is normally used to control the output voltage, and it results in a few problems such as the lowest switching frequency limiting the size reduction of the output filter and noise filter, and the beat phenomenon. In order to eliminate these limitations, we had previously proposed a novel ZVS–PWM controlled current-mode resonant converter with an active-clamp circuit. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the steady-state characteristics of this converter. First, the steady-state characteristics are analyzed, and then an analytical expression for the output voltage is derived through the concept of an equivalent ac resistance. Second, the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) region is clarified. Finally, these analytical results are confirmed by experiment. Thus, it is possible to realize both ZVS operation and PWM control at a constant switching frequency. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 83(1): 59–65, 2000
Flexible Reflex displays (2010)

Flexible, reflective, bistable displays have become the focus of significant research over the past decade due to their appeal for alternative applications requiring low power, small form factor, and flexibility. Some of the first flexible displays to be offered in the market are non-traditional Reflex™ displays in unique and exciting new applications, such as, writing tablets, electronic skins, and smart card displays (Fig. 1).
On -chip signaling techniques for nanometer VLSI designs. (2005)

The continued increase in performance and integration levels of VLSI designs for the last three decades has been fueled by shrinking transistor sizes. Unlike devices, on-chip wires get slower with technology scaling and pose performance and power challenges as VLSI designs scale into the nanometer regime. At the same time signal integrity issues have also become important due to increased cross-talk and inductive effects and pose reliability challenges for on-chip signaling. This thesis proposes on-chip signaling techniques to provide higher performance, lower power or improved robustness beyond those achievable by current design solutions. Active shielding is shown to improve wire performance and/or robustness. Unlike traditional shielding approaches, active shielding involves switching the shield wires along with the signal wire to improve performance through the dominant coupling (capacitive or inductive) between them. Delay gains of up to 10% are achieved for RC wires while up to 40% improvement in transition times and 4.5X reduction in overshoots are achieved for inductive wires. Energy reduction is achieved by reducing one or more of the dynamic power components (capacitance, switching activity or supply voltage) with minimal performance penalty. The Transition-Aware Global Signaling (TAGS) receiver reduces total switched capacitance by reducing the number of required repeaters for a fixed wire delay. The lower repeater count is achieved by the ability of the TAGS receiver to detect transitions at the end of a wire much earlier than a standard inverter receiver. Energy gains of up to 50% are achieved with a TAGS bus operating at 1.5GHz. Various bus encoding circuits and techniques are also proposed to minimize on-chip bus switching activity with minimal impact on performance. The design space where the various encoding techniques are preferable is also analyzed and shown to achieve peak energy and current reductions of up to 32% and 65%, respectively. Repeater and bus design techniques are proposed that allow more energy efficient signaling in dual-VDD systems than the standard approaches. Increased energy efficiency is achieved by improving performance (up to 22%) with lower supply signaling while consuming less energy than signaling at the higher supply. On-chip buses are typically designed to operate correctly at a fixed frequency and voltage supply under worst-case conditions. For typical operating conditions, the bus is faster than it needs to be. A Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) technique is proposed for on-chip buses to aggressively scale the supply voltage to the point where the bus just operates correctly for the actual operating conditions on the chip, thereby achieving significant (up to 39%) energy gains with minimal (less than 2%) impact on performance.
Fast-Killing Tyrosine Amide (( S )-SW228703) with Blood- and Liver-Stage Antimalarial Activity Associated with the Cyclic Amine Resistance Locus ( Pf CARL) (2023)

Current malaria treatments are threatened by drug resistance, and new drugs are urgently needed. In a phenotypic screen for new antimalarials, we identified (<i>S</i>)-SW228703 ((<i>S</i>)-SW703), a tyrosine amide with asexual blood and liver stage activity and a fast-killing profile. Resistance to (<i>S</i>)-SW703 is associated with mutations in the <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> cyclic amine resistance locus (<i>Pf</i>CARL) and <i>P. falciparum</i> acetyl CoA transporter (<i>Pf</i>ACT), similarly to several other compounds that share features such as fast activity and liver-stage activity. Compounds with these resistance mechanisms are thought to act in the ER, though their targets are unknown. The tyramine of (<i>S</i>)-SW703 is shared with some reported <i>Pf</i>CARL-associated compounds; however, we observed that strict S-stereochemistry was required for the activity of (<i>S</i>)-SW703, suggesting differences in the mechanism of action or binding mode. (<i>S</i>)-SW703 provides a new chemical series with broad activity for multiple life-cycle stages and a fast-killing mechanism of action, available for lead optimization to generate new treatments for malaria.
Effects of blue-green algae extracts on the proliferation of human adult stem cells in vitro: a preliminary study. (2010)

This preliminary study suggests that NT-020 plus the ethanol extract of AFA cellular concentrate may act to promote proliferation of human stem cell populations.
The Phase-Change Optical Disc with the Data Recording Rate of 216 Mbps (2003)

New recording material with higher crystallozation speed and higher thermal stability is required to realize a phase-change disc for higher data recording rate. We have developed a new phase-change material that is consist of Tb doped (SbTe)Ge material based on eutectic composition of SbTe. This new phase-change material improves the crystallization speed and the crystallization temperature simultaneously. We have achieved the practical use characteristic of data recording rate of 216 Mbps (6X-speed of Blu-ray Disc) by using Tb doped (SbTe)Ge material.
Synthesis of the subterminally 6-O-phosphorylated trimannosides found on carbohydrate chains of lysosomal enzymes (1986)

The three possible subterminally 6-O-phosphorylated trimannosides (2–4) found on the asparagine-linked carbohydrate chains of lysosomal enzymes have been chemically synthesized as their 8-methoxycarbonyloctyl glycosides, R = (CH 2 ) 8 COOCH 3 . The key step in the syntheses involves glycosylation of suitably protected α-D-mannopyranosides 5–7 with the phosphorylated mannobiosyl donor 2-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-3,4-di-O-benzyl-6-O-di-phenylphosphoryl-α-D-mannopyranosyl chloride (14), which produced mixtures of α- and β-linked trisaccharidic products. Compounds 2 (αDMan(1 → 2) αDMan 6-phosphate(1 → 2)αDManOR), 3 (αDMan(1 → 2)αDMan 6-phosphate(1 → 3)αDManOR), and 4 (αDMan(1 → 2)αDMan 6-phosphate(1 → 6)αDManOR) are being used in a study of the targeting of enzymes to the lysosomes by phosphomannosyl receptors.