gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substrate-guided-wave hologram-based continuously variable true-time-delay module for microwave phased-array antennas (2002)

A continuously variable optical true time delay module, based on substrate-guided-wave and holographic optical elements, is designed and fabricated. The dispersion effect of volume holographic gratings is combined with a novel structure to obtain continuously variable time delay intervals from tens of picosecond down to sub-picosecond, which can be employed for K-band (18 GHz - 26.5 GHz) and Ka band (26.5 GHz - 40 GHz) phased-array antennas. The insertion loss of the packaged module is 10 dB, including fan-out loss and propagation loss, while the non-uniformity of insertion loss is within 0.6 dB among all channels. The crosstalk among channels is less than -40 dB. An optical true time delay module is designed to provide delay signals for -60 degrees to +60 degrees continuously steering of an eight-element K-band phased-array antenna system. Antenna field patterns are simulated with the change of optical wavelengths. The demonstrated architecture can be used in both the transmitting and the receiving modes and can be easily scaled up for large arrays.
Fabrication of UN-Mo CERMET Nuclear Fuel Using Advanced Manufacturing Techniques (2020)

Ceramic-metallic nuclear fuels are a candidate fuel for nuclear thermal propulsion systems due to their high heat transport properties, which are necessary in very high-temperature environments. The conventional fabrication of uranium nitride–molybdenum fuel has been thoroughly studied in the past, but modern manufacturing techniques have presented a unique opportunity for further development within this field. This work demonstrates the use of advanced manufacturing techniques to produce nuclear fuel pellets composed of uranium nitride microspheres encased in a molybdenum matrix. Binder jetting is used to print molybdenum disks that are filled with uranium nitride microspheres and afterward sintered using spark plasma sintering. Two fuel pellets were fabricated to demonstrate the methodology and to provide a baseline analysis of the effects of temperature and pressure processing conditions. Characterization of the sintered fuel pellets includes detailed microstructural analysis and thermal conductivity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Diversity‐Oriented Stereoselective Syntheses of Biaryl‐ or Bis(aryl)metal‐Containing Medium Rings. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Figure S1 from Site-Specific PEGylation of Anti-Mesothelin Recombinant Immunotoxins Increases Half-life and Antitumor Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cell Killing Activities of control RIT&lt;/p&gt;
Edubot: a reconfigurable kit for control education. I. Mechanical design (2002)

This paper describes the mechanical design of a reconfigurable educational robotic kit, named the Edubot. This kit can be easily assembled to perform a wide range of both linear and nonlinear control system experiments. The modular design is described and a subset of the possible configurations shown. Two prototyped designs are detailed and critiqued. A Pendubot and an Acrobot are used as case studies to demonstrate the kit.
RNA:DNA hybrids in the human genome have distinctive nucleotide characteristics, chromatin composition, and transcriptional relationships (2015)

ABSTRACT Background RNA:DNA hybrids represent a non-canonical nucleic acid structure that has been associated with a range of human diseases and potential transcriptional regulatory functions. Mapping of RNA:DNA hybrids in human cells reveals them to have a number of characteristics that give insights into their functions. Results We find RNA:DNA hybrids to occupy millions of base pairs in the human genome. A directional sequencing approach shows the RNA component of the RNA:DNA hybrid to be purine-rich, indicating a thermodynamic contribution to their in vivo stability. The RNA:DNA hybrids are enriched at loci with decreased DNA methylation and increased DNase hypersensitivity, and within larger domains with characteristics of heterochromatin formation, indicating potential transcriptional regulatory properties. Mass spectrometry studies of chromatin at RNA:DNA hybrids shows the presence of the ILF2 and ILF3 transcription factors, supporting a model of certain transcription factors binding preferentially to the RNA:DNA conformation. Conclusions Overall, there is little to indicate a dependence for RNA:DNA hybrids forming co-transcriptionally, with results from the ribosomal DNA repeat unit instead supporting the intriguing model of RNA generating these structures in trans. The results of the study indicate heterogeneous functions of these genomic elements and new insights into their formation and stability in vivo.
6-qubit optimal Clifford circuits (2022)

Abstract Clifford group lies at the core of quantum computation—it underlies quantum error correction, its elements can be used to perform magic state distillation and they form randomized benchmarking protocols, Clifford group is used to study quantum entanglement, and more. The ability to utilize Clifford group elements in practice relies heavily on the efficiency of their circuit-level implementation. Finding short circuits is a hard problem; despite Clifford group being finite, its size grows quickly with the number of qubits n , limiting known optimal implementations to n = 4 qubits. For n = 6, the number of Clifford group elements is about 2.1 × 10 23 . In this paper, we report a set of algorithms, along with their C implementation, that implicitly synthesize optimal circuits for all 6-qubit Clifford group elements by storing a subset of the latter in a database of size 2.1TB (1kB = 1024B). We demonstrate how to extract arbitrary optimal 6-qubit Clifford circuit in 0.0009358 and 0.0006274 s using consumer- and enterprise-grade computers (hardware) respectively, while relying on this database. We use this implementation to establish a new example of quantum advantage by Clifford circuits over CNOT gate circuits and find optimal Clifford 2-designs for up to 4 qubits.
229. PGE2 Increases Lentiviral Vector Transduction Efficiency of Human HSC (2016)

Gene therapy for congenital hematopoietic disorders frequently relies on ex vivo lentiviral transduction of isolated CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. Through a high-throughput small molecule screen, we identified PGE2 as a positive mediator of lentiviral transduction of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells enriched from mobilized peripheral blood (PB CD34+ cells). CD34+ cells transduced with a VSVG-pseudotyped lentiviral vector in the presence of cytokines and 10 uM PGE2 yielded a vector copy number per cell (VCN) approximately 2-fold higher than CD34+ cells transduced in the absence of PGE2. This effect was seen consistently in 16 of 16 tested normal human donors in vitro, as well as primary CD34+ cells from both thalassemia and sickle cell disease patients. Importantly, PGE2 was observed to improve transduction of prospectively-isolated CD34+CD38- hematopoietic stem cells - a sub-population thought to be enriched for the long term repopulating stem cell. Transduction improvements were not associated with increased viral entry, but were associated with elevated expression of cAMP genes, supporting a post-entry mechanism of action that involves cAMP signaling downstream of prostaglandin receptors. Lastly, in a mouse xenotransplantation model of hematopoietic stem cell transplant, transduction of PB CD34+ cells in the presence of PGE2 improved VCN levels in engrafted human CD45+ cells 4-5 months post-transplant by ~2-fold without adversely affecting overall human cell engraftment. These data suggest that PGE2-mediated improvements in lentiviral transduction of human CD34+ cells could result in higher transduction efficiency and provide potential benefit in clinical gene therapy applications.
Purpurinimide Carbohydrate Conjugates:  Effect of the Position of the Carbohydrate Moiety in Photosensitizing Efficacy (2007)

A lactose moiety was regioselectively introduced at various positions of N-hexyl-mesopurpurinimide (a class of chlorin containing a fused six-membered imide ring system, lambda(max): 700 nm) to investigate the effect of its presence and position on photosensitizing efficacy. The resulting novel structures produced a significant difference in in vitro and in vivo efficacy. Among the positional isomers in which the lactose moiety was introduced at positions 3, 8, and 12, the 3-lactose purpurin-18-N-hexylimide produced the best efficacy. Compared to these analogues, the lactose moiety joined with an amide bond at position 17(2), and with an N-benzyl group bearing a -C[triple bond]C- linkage at position 13(2) showed reduced in vitro/in vivo photosensitivity. A noticeable difference between lactose conjugates in cell uptake (RIF tumor cells) was observed at 3 and 24 h postincubation. Replacing the lactose (Galbeta1 --> 4Glc) with beta-galactose and glucose moieties at position 3 of purpurinimide produced an increase in both cell uptake and in in vitro efficacy, but with reduced in vivo efficacy. Sites of intracellular localization differed among photosensitizers with and without carbohydrate moieties. Molecular modeling shows favorable interactions of 3- and 12-lactose-purpurinimide analogues with both galectin-1 and galectin-3, but clear contributions were not found for the conjugate containing lactose moiety at position 8. In a comparative ELISA study of the lactose conjugates with free lactose, all carbohydrate-purpurinimides showed binding to both galectins with a significant variation between the batches of galectins.
Mechatronic integration modeling (1999)

The major challenge facing the Mechatronic community in the development of the next generation of smart systems lies in the integration complexity of an enormous number of requirements, physical structures and the software components inherent in these systems. Meeting this challenge has dictated the need for a fundamental change in the mechatronic design process in order to ensure affordability, reliability, maintainability, adaptability and a built-in growth potential for these large scale Mechatronic systems. The efforts discussed in this paper were aimed at developing a design process for large-scale systems which would make multidiscipline integration an integral part of the design process.
Quantification of tRNA3243Leu point mutation of mitochondrial DNA in MELAS patients and its effects on mitochondrial transcription (1993)

The MELAS syndrome is a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy associated with a point mutation at nucleotide 3243 of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The same mutation has also been found in patients with maternally inherited diabetes mellitus. The mutation occurs within a sequence needed for termination of mitochondrial transcription downstream of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, thus possibly reducing rRNA synthesis in relation to more distal transcripts. This study presents a family in which maternally transmitted diabetes and MELAS syndrome overlap, and a suggestive correlation between the amount of mutant mtDNA and clinical symptoms is observed. Mutant mtDNA was quantified in several tissues of a newborn infant and the highest amount of mutant mtDNA was found in the placenta, which is promising for the development of genetic counselling in MELAS. The consequences of the MELAS mutation were further studied in cultured clonal myoblasts. We found that the myoblasts with 93% of mutant mtDNA terminate the mitochondrial transcription, resulting in a steady-state amount of 16S rRNA 45 times as high as the more distal transcripts. However, myoblasts with a deletion of mtDNA not involving the transcription termination site had 120 times as much 16S rRNA as the distal transcripts. In both the MELAS myoblasts and in those with a deletion of mtDNA the amount of 16S rRNA increased as the mutant mtDNA increased, suggesting that the production of ribosomal RNAs is a response to the translational defect caused by the mutation. We present evidence here that the MELAS mutation causes a defect in transcription termination, thus leading to no absolute deficiency of ribosomal RNAs, but to a reduced capacity to compensate the defective translation.
A New Ligand for Immunoglobulin G Subdomains by Screening of a Synthetic Peptide Library (2005)

In issue 7, Figure 61 on page 1251 was inadequately printed and should have appeared as shown below. The printers apologise for this error.
Extracardiac vasculature in candidates for Fontan surgery: MR imaging. (1989)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 53 patients considered to be candidates for a modified Fontan operation to repair cardiac or extracardiac vascular anomalies. The MR studies were reviewed retrospectively, and the findings with regard to the extracardiac vascular anatomy were compared with the findings from angiography or surgery. The accuracy of MR for the correct identification of the systemic veins was 98%; for pulmonary arteries, 97%; and for pulmonary veins, 95%. For identification of pulmonary veins, MR imaging had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 100%. MR provides excellent demonstration of the extracardiac vascular structures, which are of particular importance in patients being considered for a Fontan procedure.
Low feedback downlink SDMA using single antenna MIMO-like detection (2012)

Space division multiple access (SDMA) is considered one of the key techniques enabling 4G spectral efficiency and capacity, and has been adopted by various advanced communications standards such as LTE and IEEE802.11ac. One of the challenges in downlink (DL) SDMA is obtaining adequate channel state information at the base-station (BS) transmitter to minimize multi user interference (MUI). MUI minimization requires the BS to acquire accurate channel state information respective to the mobiles, achieved in the form of feedback. Digital feedback is usually made of a quantized version of either the channel matrix or the singular vectors. Naturally, finer quantization leads to more accurate channel state information and less MUI, but also to higher feedback capacity. Minimizing MUI is especially important when the number of transmitted SDMA streams is larger than the number of receive antennas at the mobiles, for example when a BS transmits M SDMA streams to M mobiles, each endowed with a single receive antenna. Here the mobiles do not have enough degrees of freedom to suppress the MUI, for example through an MMSE receiver (which would be possible if each mobile had at least M receive antennas). In this paper we propose MIMO-like ML detection of all M SDMA information streams at each of the mobiles (each is endowed with a single antenna). Here each mobile discards all the irrelevant streams, targeting other mobiles, post ML detection. Although counter-intuitive, when the optimal nonlinear ML detector is employed, the standard requirement of N ≥ M receive antennas for spatial multiplexing detection is essentially eliminated. This approach is immediately extended to the case of N <; M receive antennas at the mobile, where N is not necessarily 1. The proposed method significantly outperforms standard detectors in the regime of high MUI due to insufficient feedback quantization. Thus, it paves the way to a significant decrease in feedback capacity and relaxed SDMA group selection.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Local HPV Recombinant Vaccinia Boost Following Priming with an HPV DNA Vaccine Enhances Local HPV-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell–Mediated Tumor Control in the Genital Tract (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Comparison of anti-tumor effect generated by either pNGVL4a-Sig/E7(detox)/HSP70 intracervicovaginal vaccination followed by intracervicovaginal TA-HPV boost or intracervicovaginal TA-HPV vaccination&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of the Counterion on the Solubility of Isostructural Pharmaceutical Lamotrigine Salts (2008)

Salt formation is an approach to improve the physicochemical properties of the solid forms of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. As the anticonvulsant drug Lamotrigine presents low water solubility, a set of its salts with four different counterions has been obtained, and the influence of the counterion on the salt properties has been investigated. Lamotrigine salts have been obtained from succinic acid, fumaric acid, dl-tartaric acid, and saccharin. Powder samples of each salt have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermal methods. Single crystal structures of four of these salts have been solved from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The salts crystallized in P21/c and P21/n space groups, being isostructural dicarboxylic acid salts of lamotrigine. Crystal structures of these salts are built up by hydrogen bond interactions of type N(+)−H···O(−), N−H···O(−), O−H···N, and N−H···O. The water solubility of these salts has been determined and appears directly related to the solubility of the precursor acid. The isostructural nature of the studied salts allows connection of their properties with those of the counterion involved. The importance of the counterion solubility on the final solubility of the salts is rationalized considering their crystal structures.
Dilation of substituted polycarbonates caused by high‐pressure carbon dioxide sorption (1990)

Abstract Mass sorption/desorption and volume dilation/consolidation measurements are reported for tetramethyl and hexafluoro polycarbonate samples in the presence of carbon dioxide pressures up to 900 psia at 35°C. These results are combined with previous results for bisphenol‐A‐polycarbonate. The combined sorption and volume dilation measurements are used to analyze the thermodynamics of the three gas‐polymer systems, and the partial specific volumes of carbon dioxide and the polymer are reported as functions of sorption level. Desorption and subsequent resorption measurements with the substituted polycarbonates show large and long‐lived hysteretic effects similar to those seen with standard bisphenol‐A‐polycarbonate. Finally, assumptions inherent in the dual‐mode model are shown to provide a satisfactory description of the volume dilation behavior for the substituted polymers.
Bubble Size Measurement in Large Bubble Columns at High Void Fraction By an Original Method of Spatial Cross-Correlation Between Optical Probes (2015)

International audience
In Vitro and in Vivo Immunomodulatory Effects of RDP1258, a Novel Synthetic Peptide (1999)

Peptides derived from certain regions of human class I MHC molecules are known to have immunomodulatory effects. In particular, amino acid residues 75-84 of the HLA-B7 and HLA-B2702 molecules have demonstrated allele nonspecific immunosuppression in several animal transplant models. There is evidence that these effects are mediated by binding to intracellular heat shock proteins, including heme oxygenase-1. A new derivative of these peptides, RDP1258, was developed using a novel computer-assisted rational design technique. In vitro, RDP1258 peptide inhibited rat heme oxygenase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Similar to observations made with other in vitro heme oxygenase inhibitors, in vivo administration of RDP1258 peptide to naive rats resulted in upregulation of splenic heme oxygenase activity. The effects of the peptide on alloimmune responses were then tested. Addition of RDP1258 to rat and human mixed leukocyte reactions inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In a rat renal transplantation model, peptide therapy combined with a sub-therapeutic dose of cyclosporin A significantly prolonged allograft survival. These data provide further evidence that modulation of the heat shock protein heme oxygenase by rationally designed peptides affects immune effector functions and may allow the development of novel immunomodulatory strategies in organ transplantation.
STATUS OF THE ELSA-2 PROJECT (2002)

The ELSA facility (1) was designed in the 80's as a test bench for high-power FEL physics and technology. It is now mainly used as a high brightness 1-20 MeV electron source or as a picosecond hard X-ray source. In response to this change in the user's needs, dedicated beamlines are under construction in a new experimental area. The main features of the project will be reviewed: the linac energy upgrade up to 40 MeV, a new design for the magnetic buncher using two alpha magnets (with a unit field index), and plans for a Thomson source. This source in the 1-50 keV range will use the intrinsically synchronous drive laser of the photoinjector.
Analysis of Phencyclidine and Cocaine in Human Hair by Tandem Mass Spectrometry (1993)

A confirmation procedure for the analysis of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine, and phencyclidine (PCP) in human hair using tandem mass spectrometry has been developed. This procedure requires no solvent extraction and thus can examine the metabolites of drugs such as cocaine. Hairs from six cocaine users were examined and the amount of cocaine and its ratio to the metabolites was not correlated to the reported use pattern. Only PCP was detected in the hair from a PCP user, no metabolites were found. In passive exposure experiments, hair was found to tightly absorb PCP from aqueous solutions, which mimics the incorporation of PCP by the body. These results indicate that drugs may be absorbed onto the hair of nonusers and become tightly bound.
SiGe Epitaxy on a 300 mm Batch Furnace (2011)

This work reports the feasibility of silicon and silicon germanium epitaxy using an ASM A412(TMa) LPCVD all quartz, hot wall, vertical batch furnace reactor using 100 wafer product loads. The very same furnace can be used for 25 wafer and 200 wafer load size, without any hardware changes, dependant on production needs. Following this approach a significant cost reduction for epitaxy in 300 mm high volume manufacturing is possible and enables new applications. The native oxide of the substrate was removed by wet chemical cleaning with time coupling of less than 1 h and subsequent in-situ low pressure hydrogen anneal prior to Si or SiGe deposition. The epitaxial layers were grown using silane and germane. The Si and SiGe layers have been characterized with ToFSIMS, XRD, Raman, AFM and TEM confirming excellent crystalline quality, layer thickness and within wafer SiGe stoichiometry uniformity.