gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic aspects of high temperature methanation (1979)

The cosmopolitan genus Artemia occurs both in saline or hypersaline waters and Artemia species are sensitive indicator organisms for environmental contamination. Scientists propose that the brine shrimp (Artemia) is a very suitable candidate for the development of identifying chemicals with adverse effects in aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, we investigated 24h the short-term toxicity of lead acetate on Artemia parthenogenetica by using electron microscopy techniques. The ultrastructural changes were studied control group and experimental group. Analysing cellular structure, structure of organelles and vacuolization were observed. The number of cells based on the toxic effects of lead acetate was increased compared with the control group.
A longitudinal study of natural infection of piglets with Streptococcus suis types 1 and 2 (1991)

Streptococcus suis types 1 and 2 were detected in nasal swabs taken from five litters of piglets sampled twice weekly from birth. The two types had been detected in all pigs by the time they were 38 and 25 days old respectively with mean ages of first detectable infection being 13.5 and 8.5 days. The prevalence of infection was not affected by housing conditions or the population density of pigs. Piglets originating from a sow with vaginal swabs positive for S. suis type 2 were infected earlier than piglets from non-vaginal carriers. It is concluded that infection of piglets with S. suis type 2 may occur during the birth process.
Figure S7 from Targeting the MAPK Signaling Pathway in Cancer: Promising Preclinical Activity with the Novel Selective ERK1/2 Inhibitor BVD-523 (Ulixertinib) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Body Weight (grams) over time (days) is shown for treatment groups in xenograft derived from a vemurafenib-relapsed patient.&lt;/p&gt;
ANDROGENS DECREASE LHRH BINDING SITES IN RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY CELLS IN CULTURE (1981)

[125I]-[D-Ser(TBU)6]LHRH-EA binds to a single class of high affinity sites in rat anterior pituitary cells in culture at an apparent dissociation constant of 0.25 nM at 0-4C. The order of potency of a representative group of LHRH agonists and antagonists to displace the labeled ligand is similar to their LH-releasing activity. Treatment of pituitary cells for 48 h with 100 nM 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone leads to a 40% decrease of the number of LHRH receptors with no change of binding affinity. This loss of LHRH receptors is accompanied by a similar decrease of the LH responsiveness to LHRH, thus providing the first evidence for a direct effect of sex steroids on pituitary LHRH receptors as a possible mechanism of feedback action.
Serum IgE levels, atopy, and asthma in young adults: results from a longitudinal cohort study (1996)

To explore the natural history of asthma and its relation to allergic responses, we examined the relation between total serum IgE in early adulthood and a history of respiratory symptoms, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and atopy during childhood. We studied 180 subjects aged 18-20 years who had been studied since the age of 8-10 years. We measured wheeze in the previous year by questionnaire, AHR by histamine inhalation test, atopy by skin prick tests, and serum IgE levels by immunoassay. Subjects with AHR in early adulthood had higher IgE levels (mean 257.0 IU/ml) than subjects with past AHR (mean 93.3 IU/ml) or with lifelong normal responsiveness (mean 67.6 IU/ml) (P < 0.001). Subjects who had symptoms had higher IgE levels (mean 125.9 IU/ml) than those who were lifelong asymptomatic (mean 63.1 IU/ml) (P < 0.001). Recent wheeze, AHR, and allergic sensitization all had a positive relation to serum IgE, but IgE was not more predictive of AHR than skin prick tests. The finding that young adults who are sensitized to common allergens are highly likely to have AHR even in the absence of symptoms is further evidence of the fundamental role of IgE-mediated responses in the natural history of AHR throughout childhood and into adulthood.
ChemInform Abstract: MONONUCLEAR AND OXIDE‐BRIDGED BINUCLEAR IRON(III) COMPLEXES CONTAINING THE CYCLIC TETRADENTATE SCHIFF BASE DERIVED FROM O‐AMINOBENZALDEHYDE (1977)

Abstract Kondensation von o‐Aminobenzaldehyd mit wäßrigem F e(II)‐chlorid in Äthanol liefert den Komplex (I), der durch metathetische Reaktion mit AgNO 3 in saurer methanolischer Lösung unter Oxidation des Eisens in das Dimere (II) als Nitrat übergeht.
Underpotential and Electroless Pb Monolayer Deposition on Ru(0001) (2019)

The work reporting a detailed and comparative study of Pb UPD and Pb e-less ML deposition on Ru(0001) substrate is presented. The electrochemical results are analyzed through the scope of the adsorption isotherm formalism where parameters describing the thermodynamics of deposited Pb monolayer obtained by each process are compared. In addition to these results, the in situ STM and electrochemical quartz micro balance data are presented for each process identifying the mutual mechanistic similarities and differences between electroless Pb and underpotential Pb monolayer. Considerable applications of Ru metal in microelectronics and catalysis rise significance of these results for variety of future developments in these areas.
Rhythm metadata enabled intra-track navigation and content modification in a music player (2006)

This paper presents a rhythm metadata enabled music player. The player allows the user to navigate within a music track by skipping to the next or previous measure while the playback remains continuous. The player also includes a looping functionality allowing the user to repeat the currently playing measure. The player enables the above navigation and looping in an entertaining way without breaking the sensation of beat and rhythm. We also consider an easy way of creating variations of an original music track with the help of rhythm metadata and present a data format for storing such a variation.
The Distribution of Chlorine in Chlorinated Kraft Pulp Fibers from Spruce Wood as Determined by Tem-Edxa (1984)

The chlorine contents in different morphological regions of chlorinated spruce kraft pulp fibers were determined by the TEM-EDXA technique. Observations were made before and after extraction with aqueous NaOH. The highest chlorine content was found in a spot in the cell comer primary wall. In the primary wall between the cell comers the chlorine content was lower than that at the cell comer but higher than that in the secondary wall. After the extraction stage, there was a low and approximately equal concentration of chlorine in all the morphological regions studied.
Spin transfer torque magnetic random-access memory: Towards sub-10 nm devices (2018)

We present a new approach to increase the downsize scalability of perpendicular STT-MRAM. It is achieved by increasing the thickness of the free layer in order to induce a perpendicular shape anisotropy (PSA). Therefore, in PSA-STT-MRAM, the perpendicular anisotropy mainly arises from the shape of the storage layer and no longer from an interfacial anisotropy with the tunnel barrier. This approach allows to easily tune the stability of the memory point just by changing the aspect ratio (thickness / diameter) of the storage layer. The paper is mainly focused on presenting the theory of PSA-MRAM and briefly discusses practical realizations of such devices.
Fluorination of Crystalline Polymerized Phases of C60Fullerene (2006)

Abstract The reactivity of the orthorhombic (O), tetragonal (T), and rhombohedral (R) polymerized phases of C60 towards gaseous fluorine was studied in the 50–250°C temperature range. It was shown that the reactivity of the polymerized phases greatly surpasses that of C60 and increases during a transition from the O phase to the T‐ and further to R phases. Direct fluorination of the polymerized C60 phases provides an opportunity for production of fluoropolymers of C60 representing a new class of fluorocarbon materials.
MAESTrO-a software tool for the design and evaluation of advanced automotive electrical power systems (2002)

The electrical load and fuel efficiency requirements of the next generation of automobiles are challenging the capabilities of the 12-V point-to-point architecture. It is quite possible that the automotive industry will undergo a transition to a new standard in the near future. However, selecting the new standard requires a rigorous comparison of the available options. MAESTrO is a software tool designed specifically for this purpose. This paper describes the features of MAESTrO and the models it uses to calculate the cost, weight and efficiency of automotive electrical power systems. To demonstrate the utility of the tool, a family of remote-switching dual-voltage architectures is analyzed.
417. Induction of Potent Cytotoxic and Antitumor Activity By a Highly Optimized hTERT DNA Vaccine (2015)

Immunotherapy of cancer through induction of anti-tumor cellular immunity has recently re-emerged as an important therapy for the treatment of nonresponsive cancers. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is highly expressed in more than 85% of human tumors, with little or no expression in normal somatic cells. Expression of hTERT correlates well with telomerase activity and is associated with tumor cell growth and contributes crucially to the long-term survival of tumor cells. In addition, targeting hTERT may have the potential to eliminate cancer stem cells as recent studies have suggested that cancer stem or stem-like cells express hTERT. Immunological analysis supports that hTERT is a widely applicable target recognized by T cells and can be potentially studied as a broad cancer immune therapeutic, or as a unique line of defense against tumor recurrence. There remains an urgent need to develop more potent hTERT vaccines. Here, we developed a synthetic highly optimized hTERT DNA vaccine (phTERT) to express full-length hTERT. When delivered by electroporation, phTERT elicited robust hTERT-specific CD8 response (the total response in phTERT-immunized mice was 1817±211 SFU/106splenocytes). Epitope mapping results showed that 9 out of 26 matrix pools exhibited more than 50 spots, indicating phTERT could elicit a broad range of T-cell immune responses. The average percentage of CD107a, IFN-γ and TNF-α secreting cells from the total CD8+ T cell population were approximately 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.8%, respectively. Moreover, vaccination with phTERT slows the tumor growth in HPV16-associated tumor-bearing mice. Six out of ten phTERT-immunized mice still survived thirty-nine days post tumor implantation while all mice in naïve group were dead or euthanized. In vivo cytotoxicity assay confirmed that phTERT-induced CD8 cells exhibited specific CTL activity and were capable of eliminating hTERT-pulsed target cells. In addition, the ability of phTERT to overcome tolerance was evaluated in a NHP model, whose TERT protein is 96% homologous to that of hTERT. Immunized monkeys exhibited robust (average of 1834 SFU/106PBMCs), diverse (multiple immunodominant epitopes) IFN-γ responses and antigen-specific perforin release (average of 332 SFU/106 PBMCs), suggesting phTERT breaks tolerance and induces potent cytotoxic responses in this human relevant model. Lastly, we demonstrated that co-immunization with a rhesus macaque IL-12 plasmid as an adjuvant could further increase the vaccine-induced responses for about two fold in NHP. Taken together, these findings support that this synthetic EP-delivered DNA phTERT may have a role as a broad therapeutic cancer vaccine candidate.
History and Accomplishments of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Monitoring and Measurement Technology (MMT) Program (2007)

Abstract This manuscript presents a detailed narrative of the history, accomplishments, and evolution of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Monitoring and Measurement Technology (MMT) Verification Program. This includes a discussion of how fundamental concepts of a performance testing/verification program were developed in response to the 1986 Congressional legislation that was enacted to bring together technology developers, users, and EPA’s credibility in a national testing program. One impetus for the program was the technology developers’ need for a cost effective and technically credible program for showcasing the performance of their technologies to EPA regions, other federal agencies, and other clients. The SITE Program was EPA’s first technology verification program and it has served as a model for subsequent evaluation programs. The performance characteristics of 70 technologies have been verified by the SITE MMT Program. A survey of developers that have participated in the program indicated their overall satisfaction and a summary of their observations is presented. The outcome of the program and its legacy represents an important contribution to the EPA Superfund Program and the use of field analytical technologies.
Myogenic Cell Transplantation in Genetic and Acquired Diseases of Skeletal Muscle (2021)

This article will review myogenic cell transplantation for congenital and acquired diseases of skeletal muscle. There are already a number of excellent reviews on this topic, but they are mostly focused on a specific disease, muscular dystrophies and in particular Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. There are also recent reviews on cell transplantation for inflammatory myopathies, volumetric muscle loss (VML) (this usually with biomaterials), sarcopenia and sphincter incontinence, mainly urinary but also fecal. We believe it would be useful at this stage, to compare the same strategy as adopted in all these different diseases, in order to outline similarities and differences in cell source, pre-clinical models, administration route, and outcome measures. This in turn may help to understand which common or disease-specific problems have so far limited clinical success of cell transplantation in this area, especially when compared to other fields, such as epithelial cell transplantation. We also hope that this may be useful to people outside the field to get a comprehensive view in a single review. As for any cell transplantation procedure, the choice between autologous and heterologous cells is dictated by a number of criteria, such as cell availability, possibility of in vitro expansion to reach the number required, need for genetic correction for many but not necessarily all muscular dystrophies, and immune reaction, mainly to a heterologous, even if HLA-matched cells and, to a minor extent, to the therapeutic gene product, a possible antigen for the patient. Finally, induced pluripotent stem cell derivatives, that have entered clinical experimentation for other diseases, may in the future offer a bank of immune-privileged cells, available for all patients and after a genetic correction for muscular dystrophies and other myopathies.
Efficient Nonparametric Population Modeling for Large Data Sets (2007)

In the context of biomedical data analysis, population models are used to characterize the average and individual behavior of a population of subjects. When a mechanistic model is not available, one can resort to the nonparametric approach that describes the individual curves as realizations of Gaussian processes. In this paper, efficient algorithms are developed for estimating the average and individual curves from large data sets collected in standardized experiments. The overall identification scheme presents a "client-server" architecture. The server takes care of managing historical information on past experiments. The client deals with a single new experiment and interrogates the server to obtain the information needed to reconstruct the individual curve. In this way, clients exploit the global data set without having access to the historical data and with negligible computational effort.
A4 PERORAL ENDOSCOPIC MYOTOMY IS EFFECTIVE AND SAFE IN NON-ACHALASIA ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY DISORDERS: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTICENTER STUDY (2018)

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an effective minimally invasive alternative modality to Heller myotomy for the treatment of achalasia. However, the efficacy of POEM in non-achalasia esophageal motility disorders has not yet been well demonstrated. These disorders include spastic esophageal conditions such as esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO), diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), and Jackhammer esophagus (JE). The objective of this international multicenter study was to assess the clinical outcomes of POEM in patients with non-achalasia disorders, namely DES, JE, and EGJOO, in a large cohort of patients. This was a retrospective study at 11 centers. Consecutive patients who underwent POEM for EGJOO, DES, or JE between January 2014 and September 2016 were included, patients with achalasia were excluded. Rates of technical success (completion of myotomy), clinical response (symptom improvement and Eckardt score ≤ 3), and adverse events (AEs, severity per ASGE lexicon) were ascertained. LES and cardia myotomy was performed in all cases, although it is unknown if this is essential in patients with DES and JE. A total of 50 patients (56% female; mean age 61.7 years) underwent POEM for EGJOO (n=15), DES (n=17), and JE (n=18). Mean duration of symptoms was 53.2 months and most patients (68%) were treatment naïve. Technical success was achieved in all patients with a mean procedural time of 88.4 ± 44.7 min. The mean total myotomy length was 15.1 ± 4.7 cm. Clinical success was achieved in 93.3% of EGJOO and in 84.9% of DES/JE (p=0.41) with a median follow-up of 195 and 272 days, respectively. Chest pain improved in 88.9% of EGJOO and 87.0% of DES/JE (p=0.88). Mean Eckardt score decreased from 6.2 to 1.0 in EGJOO (p<0.001) and from 6.9 to 1.9 in DES/JE (p<0.001). A total of 9 (18%) AEs occurred and were rated as mild in 55.6% and moderate in 44.4%. These rates were comparable between both groups (13.3% vs 20%, p=0.58). POEM is effective and safe in the management of non-achalasia esophageal motility disorders, which include diffuse esophageal spasm, jackhammer esophagus, and esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction. Although AEs occurred in 18% of patients, none were severe and all complications were managed intraprocedurally or conservatively. Given that DES and JE do not typically have EGJ outflow obstruction, whether LES myotomy is required in these patients remains to be determined and warrants further investigation. None
Structure-function relationships of ricin A-chain (1992)

This thesis represents e study of the reletionships between the structure and function of the A-chain of ricin. Ricin is one member of a family of ribosome- inactivating proteins (RIPs) that inactivate protein synthesis by modification of the ribosomal RNA. The mechanism of this catalytic effect is unknown. This project was designed to investigate which amino acid residues were important in the mechanism of catalysis.&#13;\n&#13;\nUsing site-directed mutagenesis of specific ricin A- chain residues, eight mutants were created for biochemical analysis. Residues were targeted for autogenesis by analysis of the position of conserved amino acids in the ricin 3-D structure. Glul77 was mutated to Lys, Ala and Asp. and Argl8O was mutated to Gin, Ala and Met. The arginine residue at position 29 was altered to an alanine, and a deletion of residues Serl76 to Argl80 was performed.&#13;\n&#13;\nMutant recombinant ricin A-chain (rRTA) constructs were prepared for in vitro and in vivo expression in the vectors pGEMl and pDS5/3 respectively. Initially, mutants were translated in a cell-free wheatgerm translation system to assess the size of the mutant polypeptides. All the constructs produced polypeptides of the correct else. The N-glycosidase activity of the mutants was then assessed with two methods of analysis using rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes. It was shown that some of the mutants were devoid of detectable activity and some had reduced activity.&#13;\n&#13;\nMutant constructs were expressed in Escherichia coli in order to isolate protein for quantitative activity measurements. Crude E. coli extracts containing rRTA and rRTA mutants were tested for activity. It was found that the relative activities of mutant proteins produced in E. coli was similar to that seen previously with the in vitro measurements. Soluble, active protein was recovered for a few of the mutant proteins, although no expression was observed from some constructs. Various purification procedures were assessed end ion-exchange chromatography was determined to be most suitable.&#13;\n&#13;\nMutant D177 was tested for its N-glycosidase activity towards salt-washed yeast ribosomes and related to the activity of wild-type rRTA. It was shown that the activity of D177 was approximately 60 fold lower than that of wild- type rRTA with the majority of the difference being observed with the kcat of the reaction. It was also shown that the data produced in this study correlated with a recently published putative mechanism of action of ricin A-chain. &#13;\n
Building a Conversational Agent Overnight with Dialogue Self-Play (2018)

We propose Machines Talking To Machines (M2M), a framework combining automation and crowdsourcing to rapidly bootstrap end-to-end dialogue agents for goal-oriented dialogues in arbitrary domains. M2M scales to new tasks with just a task schema and an API client from the dialogue system developer, but it is also customizable to cater to task-specific interactions. Compared to the Wizard-of-Oz approach for data collection, M2M achieves greater diversity and coverage of salient dialogue flows while maintaining the naturalness of individual utterances. In the first phase, a simulated user bot and a domain-agnostic system bot converse to exhaustively generate dialogue "outlines", i.e. sequences of template utterances and their semantic parses. In the second phase, crowd workers provide contextual rewrites of the dialogues to make the utterances more natural while preserving their meaning. The entire process can finish within a few hours. We propose a new corpus of 3,000 dialogues spanning 2 domains collected with M2M, and present comparisons with popular dialogue datasets on the quality and diversity of the surface forms and dialogue flows.
InGaN/GaN double heterostructure laser with cleaved facets (1998)

Laser action is demonstrated in InGaN/GaN double heterostructures with cleaved facets. Hydride vapor phase epitaxy is used to grow a 10-micrometer-thick buffer layer of GaN on (0001) sapphire, and metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy is used to subsequently grow a GaN/In 0.09 Ga 0.91 N/GaN double heterostructure. One-mm-long cavities are produced by cleaving the structure along the (1010) plane of the sapphire substrate. A pulsed Nitrogen laser is used for optical excitation. At room temperature, the laser threshold occurs at an incident power density of 1.3 MW/cm 2 . Above threshold, the differential quantum efficiency increases by a factor of 34, the emission linewidth decreases to 13.5 meV, and the output becomes highly TE polarized.
Counter-rotating cavity solitons in a silicon nitride microresonator (2018)

We demonstrate the generation of counter-rotating cavity solitons in a silicon nitride microresonator using a fixed, single-frequency laser. We demonstrate a dual three-soliton state with a difference in the repetition rates of the soliton trains that can be tuned by varying the ratio of pump powers in the two directions. Such a system enables a highly compact, tunable dual comb source that can be used for applications such as spectroscopy and distance ranging.
Ontologies and semantic mining for bio-technology and chemistry data and patents (2009)

Current Semantic Web technologies and fast retrieval methods for internet scale databases are reviewed and challenges for handling biotechnology and chemistry data and patents identified. Possible solutions are discussed and future directions for integrated scalable solutions indicated.