gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Misfolded but Active Dimer of Bovine Seminal Ribonuclease (1994)

Bovine seminal ribonuclease (BS‐RNase) is an unusual homolog of RNase A. Isolated from bulls as a dimer, BS‐RNase has special biological properties including anitspermatogenic, antitumor and immunosuppressive activities. The structural bases for these properties are unknown. Four forms of BS‐RNase were isolated after folding and air oxidation of the denatured and reduced protein produced in Escherichia coli: two dimers (M = M and M×I, where × signifies an active site composed of residues from both subunits) and two monomers (M and I). Considerable ribonuclease activity was generated by air oxidation of an equimolar mixture of two inactive mutant proteins ([H12D]BS‐RNase and [H119D]BS‐RNase) prepared by site‐directed mutagenesis. This activity came from a dimer (M×I) with a composite active site. 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy revealed that this dimer contained one correctly folded subunit (M), and one incorrectly folded subunit (I). Form I, which is a poor catalyst, was activated by ribonuclease S‐protein, suggesting that the C‐terminal portion of I was not folded properly. Electrospray‐ionization mass spectrometry and sulfhydryl group titration indicated that I contains a single oxidized sulfhydryl group, which cannot participate in a disulfide bond. These results show that quaternary structure in BS‐RNase is attained by the initial formation of two monomers, M and I, which then combine with another M to form M = M and M×I, respectively. Adventitious oxidation can thus lead to the formation of a misfolded but active enzyme (M×I).
Phytotoxic, Cytotoxic and Insecticidal Activities of Chrysophthalmum dichotomum Boiss. and Heldr (2018)

Background: Chrysophthalmum dichotomum Boiss. and Heldr. (Asteraceae) is an endemic herbaceous plant to Southern part of Turkey. Aim: To investigate in vitro phytotoxic, cytotoxic and insecticidal activities of C. dichotomum. Methods: The MeOH extract of C. dichotomum was fractionated through subsequent solvent extractions in increasing polarity with n-hexane, chloroform and n-butanol. The MeOH extract and its fractions were evaluated for their biological acitivities using in vitro screening bioassays such as cytotoxicity on brine shrimps, phytotoxicity against Lemna minor and insecticidal activity against Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum. Results: The n-hexane and chloroform fractions showed significant phytotoxic activity (100 % growth inhibition) at 1000 g/ml against L. minor. The brine shrimp lethality test revealed that the chloroform and remaining water fractions of C. dichotomum have moderate and positive lethality with LD 50 values of 169.48 and 46.26 g/mL, respectively. In addition, the chloroform and n-butanol fractions had low and moderate insecticidal activity with 20 and 40 % of mortality against Tribolium castaneum, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that C. dichotomum consists of bioactive constituents responsible for phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity on brine shrimps and insecticidal activity.
Neural progenitor cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells generated less autogenous immune response (2014)

The breakthrough development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) raises the prospect of patient-specific treatment for many diseases through the replacement of affected cells. However, whether iPSC-derived functional cell lineages generate a deleterious immune response upon auto-transplantation remains unclear. In this study, we differentiated five human iPSC lines from skin fibroblasts and urine cells into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and analyzed their immunogenicity. Through co-culture with autogenous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we showed that both somatic cells and iPSC-derived NPCs do not stimulate significant autogenous PBMC proliferation. However, a significant immune reaction was detected when these cells were co-cultured with allogenous PBMCs. Furthermore, no significant expression of perforin or granzyme B was detected following stimulation of autogenous immune effector cells (CD3(+)CD8(-) T cells, CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells or CD3(-)CD56(+) NK cells) by NPCs in both PBMC and T cell co-culture systems. These results suggest that human iPSC-derived NPCs may not initiate an immune response in autogenous transplants, and thus set a base for further preclinical evaluation of human iPSCs.
IC‐P‐025: In vivo detection of amyloid deposition using [11C]AZD2184 PET (2012)

[11 C]AZD2184 has been recently developed as an amyloid imaging PET ligand that has high affinity for beta-amyloid (Aβ) and low nonspecific binding in the brain. We investigated the characteristics of [11 C]AZD2184 retention in cognitive healthy elderlies and patients with cognitive impairments. Participants were ten patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), one patient with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), five patient with mild cognitive impairments (MCI) and age-matched nine healthy controls (HC). A dose (about 10 mCi) of [11 C]AZD2184 was intravenously injected and sequential PET scans were performed for 90 min. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was calculated using cerebellar cortex as the reference region, and SUVR images were visually assessed in each subject. Voxel-wise distribution volume ratio (DVR) was also calculated using Logan plot analysis with the cerebellum as a reference region. Voxel-based group comparison was performed followed by VOI analysis. Visual assessment of SUVR images and quantitative analysis of DVR showed that Aβ deposition was high in parietal, lateral temporal and frontal cortices, especially in precuneus in the AD and MCI groups, and two of nine HC subjects. Seven of nine HC subjects and the FTD patient showed no evident Aβ deposition. Parametric group comparison showed that Aβ deposition was significantly greater in bilateral posterior cingulate gyri and precuneus in the AD group compared to the AZD-negative HC subjects (family-wise error corrected, p<0.05). As for the MCI group, when parametric group comparison was performed using a more liberal statistical threshold (false discovery rate corrected, p<0.01), Aβ deposition was significantly greater in the left middle occipital gyrus and bilateral precuneus than the AZD-negative HC subjects. Compared to [11 C]PIB PET images in our previous study, non-specific ligand binding to white matter was low in [11 C]AZD2184 PET. Furthermore, in patients with Aβ deposition, ligand binding to frontal cortex tended to be lower in [11 C]AZD2184 PET than those in [11 C]PIB PET. The present study demonstrated that [11 C]AZD2184 PET is helpful to detect Aβ deposition in vivo. Patterns of distribution would be different between [11 C]AZD2184 and [11 C]PIB PET, suggesting that [11 C]AZD2184 and [11 C]PIB may detect different types of Aβ plaques. Representative SUVR and parametric comparison.
Robust Online Multiuser Detection: A Hybrid Model-Data Driven Approach (2023)

We study the problem of robust online multiuser detection in the context of non-orthogonal multiple access. The optimal multiuser detector (in terms of the uncoded bit error rate) is the nonlinear maximum a posteriori (MAP) filter. Learning good nonlinear functions of this type (e.g., with deep neural networks) typically requires a large number of training samples and complicated signal processing, which poses a fundamental problem in dynamic wireless environments. Furthermore, compared with linear approaches, nonlinear filters are generally less robust against changes in the environment. To overcome these problems, we first show that the optimal MAP filter belongs to reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs) associated with Gaussian kernels whose widths satisfy a condition related to the standard deviation of the receiver noise. Second, we show how to approximate the optimal MAP filter with a computationally simple signal processing algorithm using a relatively small number of training samples. Third, to make the filter robust against changes in the wireless environment, we design a partially linear filter in the sum of an RKHS containing the MAP filter and an RKHS of a linear kernel. Finally, based on this partially linear design, we propose a multiuser detection framework that, in contrast to some state-of-the-art approaches, has the following desired features: (i) it has low complexity; (ii) it can work with small sample sets; (iii) it shows better robustness than a purely nonlinear receiver; and (iv) it does not require user parameter estimation (e.g., channels), which is prone to errors and may not be possible in certain scenarios.
Convergence Analysis and Analog Circuit Applications for a Class of Networks of Nonlinear Coupled Oscillators (1996)

The physical motivation and rigorous proof of convergence for a particular network of nonlinear coupled oscillators are reviewed. Next, the network and convergence proof are generalized in several ways, to make the network more applicable to actual engineering problems. It is argued that such coupled oscillator circuits are more natural to implement in analog hardware than other types of dynamical equations because the signal levels tend to remain at sufficiently large values that effects of sets and mismatch are minimized. Examples of how analog implementations of these networks are able to address actual control problems are given. The first example shows how a pair of coupled oscillators can be used to compensate for the feedback path phase shift in a complex LMS loop, and has potential application for analog adaptive antenna arrays or linear predictor circuits. The second example shows how a single oscillator circuit with feedback could be used for continuous wavelet transform applications. Finally, analog CMOS implementation of the coupled oscillator dynamics is briefly discussed.
Cytoplasm-particle linked enzyme reaction: A laboratory exercise (1958)

The colorimetric determination described by Litwack et al. of whole homogenate xanthine oxidase-uricase reaction offers a method suitable to the class laboratory to demonstrate a cytoplasm-particle linked enzyme reaction.
Critical Reliability Issues for SiC Power MOSFETs Operated at High Temperature (2007)

This paper discusses critical reliability issues and their countermeasures for vertically structured poly-Si gate n-channel power MOSFETs (DMOS) on 4H-SiC when operated at an elevated temperature of more than 300°C for a long period of time. Two destructive failures were identified in a storage life test at 500°C: a short-circuit between the source and the gate and a disconnection at the n+ source contact. The former was caused by interlayer dielectric erosion and/or Al spearing into the poly-Si gate; the latter was caused by the disappearance of the NiSix contact layer. Effective and practical countermeasures were devised and implemented. Device lifetime against the three different failure mechanisms was improved in every case by at least one order of magnitude.
Data integration in the wild: from instances to concept catalogs (2007)

Internet users today have access to seemingly unlimited amounts of information, and yet, due to the lack of companion structure, such information often cannot be effectively located or used. In response, we propose and demonstrate one component of a framework for autonomously learning and classifying instance data drawn from document collections on the Web. We have already applied this general-purpose prototype to extract conceptual representations from various websites for DVD products, hotels, restaurants, people, and cars.
Novel Selective PDE4 Inhibitors. 2. Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of 4-Aryl-Substituted cis-Tetra- and cis-Hexahydrophthalazinones (2001)

A series of 4-aryl-substituted cis-4a,5,8,8a-tetra- and cis-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-phthalazin-1-ones with high inhibitory activity toward cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE4) was synthesized. To study structure-activity relationships various substituents were introduced to the 2-, 3-, and 4-positions of the 4-phenyl ring. Substitution at the 4-position of the phenyl ring was restricted to a methoxy group, probably due to unfavorable steric interactions of larger groups with the binding site. The introduction of many alkoxy substituents including distinct ring systems and functional groups was allowed to the 3-position. It was found that in general the cis-4a,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-2H-phthalazin-1-ones are more potent than their hexahydrophthalic counterparts, the best activity residing in (4-imidazol-1-yl-phenoxy)butoxy analogue 16o (pIC(50) = 9.7).
La réforme agraire japonaise de 1946 (2002)

L’article s’interroge sur les raisons du succes de la reforme agraire japonaise de 1946. L’interpretation selon laquelle ce succes serait essentiellement le fruit de la politique d’occupation americaine n’est pas retenue. On preferera en rechercher les causes dans les structures socio-economiques et la pression exercee par les exploitants agricoles, puis dans l’interventionnisme accru de l’Etat au debut du xx e siecle, conjonction de facteurs ayant conduit a un affaiblissement progressif des proprietaires fonciers.
Increase in circulating bone marrow progenitor cells after myocardial infarction (2006)

Elevation in the concentration of circulating CD34+ cells after myocardial infarction suggests that myocardial initiated bone marrow progenitor cell mobilization exists in humans. The cytokines studied in our protocol are not likely to play a direct role in bone marrow progenitor cell mobilization.
Analysis of emissivity and absorptivity of two overlapping guided modes in two-dimensional periodic structures (2014)

The thermal emission from two guided modes in two-dimensional periodic structures is investigated using first-principles calculations. We use a model that integrates a quantum mechanical analysis of light-matter interactions and a classical connection condition that describes the coupling between light modes inside and outside the structure. We focus on what happens when two guided modes share common radiation modes where their thermal emission overlaps in frequency, solid angle, and polarization in free space. It is shown that we have to take into account the fact that the reaction of the radiation from one guided mode works not only on that guided mode but also on the other guided mode, in order to calculate the emissivity from two overlapping guided modes accurately. Emissivity spectra peculiar to the two-guided mode cases are shown. The condition to maximize the light-matter interaction with respect to thermal emission in the case with two guided modes is also discussed.
Reversibility of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 electrical properties with the addition and removal of Na: Role of grain boundaries (2015)

The Na content of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 films was cyclically adjusted using a novel method involving cycles of water rinsing at 60 °C followed by heating in air at 200 °C to remove Na and evaporation of NaF to re-introduce Na back into the film. The low temperatures and short heating times ensure that Na is removed only from grain boundaries while leaving grain interiors unaffected. Cross-grain conductivity and Seebeck coefficient were measured during this removal procedure and both measurements decreased when Na was removed and both recovered upon the re-addition of Na, consistent with an increase in compensating donor defects in the absence of Na. These results demonstrate that Na reversibly affects the electrical properties of grain boundaries. We propose that Na reversibly passivates donor-like defects such as InCu double donors at grain boundaries.
Electrochemical Pressure Impedance Spectroscopy As a Diagnostic Method for Hydrogen-Air Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2020)

Water transport in an operating hydrogen-air fuel cells has gathered the interests of both researchers and developers working on fuel cells. Better water removal can extend the operation regime of fuel cells and, therefore, increase its maximum cell power and overall energy efficiency. However, state-of-art in situ fuel cell diagnostics cannot provide an insight into the water transport phenomenon. Recent research shows that pressure controlling techniques have the potential to address issues with water transport. The purpose of this work is to develop an in-situ diagnostic tool from cathode pressure oscillations for hydrogen-air polymer electrolyte fuel cells named as electrochemical pressure impedance spectroscopy (EPIS). The response between the cell voltage and the pressure oscillations is analogous to the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)(See image). The relation between EPIS response and water transport phenomenon is intensively studied in this work. With the help from our industrial partner, Greenlight Innovation Corp., we are able to integrate this diagnostic method into a fuel cell test station. Experimental data are fitted by the mathematical derivation of the response from theoretical cell components from which are extracted crucial parameters and diagnostic information for water transport. Figure 1
Image-based arterial input function estimation for cerebral blood flow measurement on a PET/MR scanner (2016)

1627 Objectives The study objective was to accurately measure the arterial input function (AIF) using PET list file and co-registered MR Angiography (MRA) images for cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement on the GE SIGNA PET/MR. Methods Six subjects were injected with 15O-H2O (activity levels between 14 to 25 mCi) and scanned on a simultaneous time-of-flight enabled PET/MR scanner (GE SIGNA PET/MR, Waukesha, WI). The time interval of 15O arrival to the carotid artery and before entering the brain tissue was identified from the PET list file. PET angiograms of carotid arteries were reconstructed over this time interval and arteries were masked. PET images were reconstructed every 1s using a 3s sliding window for the first minute and a 5s sliding window for the second minute after the arrival of 15O to the carotid artery. 10s and 30s reconstruction windows were used for 2-4 and 4-10 min after 15O arrival to the carotid artery. AIF was estimated using activity measured from PET images over the arteries’ mask corrected for the MRA-based arterial volume, in order to take into account the effect of spill-over. A separate correction for spill-in effect using brain tissue counts was also applied. CBF and permeability coefficient maps were created using the corrected image-based AIF. Results The measured CBF from PET images for 5 healthy volunteers was 72±13, 41±10 and 55±11 ml/min/100g for gray matter, white matter and whole brain, respectively. The permeability coefficient was measured at 0.90±0.08, 0.75±0.09 and 0.80±0.08 ml/g for gray matter, white matter and whole brain, respectively. Conclusions A simultaneous time-of-flight enabled PET/MR was used to estimate AIF with 1s time resolution for the first 2 minutes after 15O arrival to carotid artery. The arteries’ volume was measured with high-resolution MR angiography and both spill-in and spill-over effects were corrected to estimate AIF accurately. CBF and permeability coefficient measurements were consistent with literature values.
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Towards greener data centers with storage class memory (2010)

Studies have shown much of today's data centers are over-provisioned and underutilized. Over-provisioning cannot be avoided as these centers must anticipate peak load with bursty behavior. Under-utilization, to date, has also been unavoidable as systems always had to be ready for that sudden burst of requests that loom just around the corner. Previous research has pointed to turning off systems as one solution, albeit, an infeasible one due to its irresponsiveness. In this paper, we present the feasibility of using new Storage Class Memory (SCM, which encompasses specific developments such as PCM, MRAM, or FeRAM) technology to turn systems on and off with minimum overhead. This feature is used to control systems on the whole (in comparison to previous fine-grained component-wise control) in finer time scale for high responsiveness with minimized power lost to idleness. Our empirical study is done by executing "real trace"-like workloads on a prototype "data center" of embedded systems deploying FeRAM. We quantify the energy savings and performance trade-off by turning idle systems off. We show that our energy savings approach consumes energy in proportion to user requests with configurable service of quality. Based on observations made on this data center, we discuss the requirements for real deployment. Finally, our conclusion is that SCM should not be viewed as just a replacement of RAM, but rather, as a component that could potentially open a whole new field of applications.
Abstract 12613: Comparison of the Predictive Utility of Atrial, N-Terminal Pro-Atrial, and N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptides for Death and Cardiovascular Events: Superiority of N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (2010)

Background: BNP and especially NT-proBNP have prognostic value for death and cardiovascular (CV) morbidity. ANP, like BNP, is a hormone released in response to myocardial stimuli. Few studies evalu...
An effective linear phase modulator architecture for millimeter-wave applications (2003)

A simple hardware architecture suitable for effective realization of 360 degree linear microwave phase modulation is presented. The modulator is very attractive for many phase control and modulation functions required by emerging wireless systems at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. Performance results for a prototype modulator implementation at 18 GHz are presented. The circuitry contains only a single active component, is suitable for MMIC implementation, and is readily extended to millimeter-wave frequencies.
Investigation of Bypass Valve Positions on Performance of Closed Brayton Cycle (2016)

HTR-10GT is a closed Brayton cycle with two-stage compression and heat recuperation. Bypass control was adopted for rapid power regulation and safety protection. A bypass valve could be set between any two positions at different pressure levels, there would be in total 21 setting possibilities, whose regulating behaviors remained to be fully clarified. The dynamic characteristics of these settings were thus analyzed by implementing numerical simulation on the integrated system model. The reactor was modeled with point-kinetics and 1D thermal-hydraulics model; compressor performance calculation was based on digitization of the performance map and Reynolds number correlation; Flügel formula was chosen to calculate turbine performance. The system was modeled with Modelica, and the DASSL code was used to solve the Differential and Algebraic Equations. The results showed that only 6 choices among the 21 remained acceptable for engineering practice. The degree and rate on power output reduction, anti-surge effect and long-term thermal effects at reactor inlet and along recuperator’s metal wall were evaluated and compared among these choices to give out proposals. This research clarified the characteristics of bypass valves at different positions to give a reference on the final design of the control methods, and proposed a combination of valves for multi-valve cooperative regulation.