gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(Keynote) Reverse Electrodialysis As a New Power Source for Sensors (2020)

As extensive researches on renewable energy are emerging, sensory devices increasingly need appropriate power sources that supply not excessive but sufficient electricity at low cost in eco-friendly manner. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a promising candidate to produce electricity from the salinity difference between sea and river water. Opposite transport of ions across ion selective membrane between the aqueous solutions flowing alternatively generates electric power. Recently, research on RED has expanded not only to enhance power density but also to enable integration with other energy generation systems. The state-of-the-art of RED is compact and readily disposed. Importantly, miniaturized RED has evolved to electrodeless circuit and power patch that can be customized at will. By highlighting emerging applications of RED, this talk will focus on the introduction of recently developed miniaturized patch-type RED which can be used to power various devices. We emphasize the potential of this RED for sensors and look forward to its wide range of application scopes in the future. Figure 1
Human Mobility Profiling Using Privacy-Friendly Wi-Fi and Activity Traces (2016)

Human mobility is one of the key topics to be considered in the networks of the future, both by industrial and research communities that are already focused on multidisciplinary applications and user-centric systems. If the rapid proliferation of networks and high-tech miniature sensors makes this reality possible, the ever-growing complexity of the metrics and parameters governing such systems raises serious issues in terms of privacy, security and computing capability. In this demonstration, we show a new system, able to estimate a user's mobility profile based on anonymized and lightweight smartphone data. In particular, this system is composed of (1) a web analytics platform, able to analyze multimodal sensing traces and improve our understanding of complex mobility patterns, and (2) a smartphone application, able to show a user's profile generated locally in the form of a spider graph. In particular, this application uses anonymized and privacy-friendly data and methods, obtained thanks to the combination of Wi-Fi traces, activity detection and graph theory, made available independent of any personal information. A video showing the different interfaces to be presented is available online.
Perturbed Trajectory Prediction Method based on Simplified Power System Model (2006)

With the interconnection of power grid, the post-disturbance system is easier to suffer power-angle swing and system oscillation. Moreover, the impact of load characteristics on the system dynamic behavior becomes more obvious. Therefore a new perturbed trajectory prediction method considering load model is presented in this paper. A static load model with voltage characteristics instead of pure impedance is introduced into the system models. The admittance matrix including load nodes and a coefficient matrix of load proportion are figured out based on the real-time data from WAMS (wide-area measurement system). Using the sensitivity equation of power flow, the linear relationship between the micro variation of electromagnetic power and that of rotor angle is deduced, and then a new perturbed trajectory prediction algorithm is proposed. Numerical simulation results on the IEEE-9 bus system show that the proposed method works well
Interplay between ambient and exciton-induced degradation in organic light-emitting devices (2014)

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED), albeit is currently used in consumer electronics, still faces challenge with its limited performance stability. The degradation mechanisms that limit the lifetime of OLEDs can generally be separated into two categories: ambient and intrinsic. Much research has been devoted to understanding thus limiting these degradation mechanisms. However, surprisingly, there has been little work on how ambient and intrinsic degradation affect each other. In this work, the interplay between the ambient and intrinsic (more specifically exciton-induced) degradation is studied by comparing the effects of four degradation schemes, namely, no ambient or exciton-induced, ambient only, exciton-induced only and ambient and exciton-induced degradation on device lifetime. The results show that there is no interplay between ambient and exciton-induced degradation. Furthermore, it is evident that no photo-oxidation is present during ambient and exciton-induced degradation.
Low-background infrared hybrid focal plane array characterization (1993)

Exploiting hybrid focal plane array methodology and a flexible multiplexing readout, 128 X 128 FPAs were made and directly compared using several short wavelength infrared (SWIR) and long wavelength (LWIR) detector technologies. The detector types include two GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIP), 1.7 micrometers InGaAs/InP, and 2.5 micrometers PV HgCdTe. The tests were performed at operating temperatures ranging from 35 K for the LWIR devices to as high as 175 K for the SWIR FPAs. Highlights include the first FPA demonstrations (to the best of our knowledge) of BLIP-limited detectivity (D*) for both LWIR GaAs/AlGaAs QWIP and 1.7 micrometers PV InGaAs/Inp. The 9 micrometers QWIP peak detectivity is near the theoretical background limit at 1.2 X 10 10 photons/cm 2 -s background and 35 K operating temperature. The mean D* of 4.5 X 10 13 Jones at 8.3 micrometers peak wavelength is 75% of BLIP. A maximum peak D* of 5.7 X 10 14 Jones was achieved with the PV InGaAs/InP device at 200 K. This is also believed to be the highest reported FPA-level D* for a staring mosaic array operated at TV-type frame rate and integration time.
Structure of Seven Oligosaccharides Excreted in the Urine of a Patient with Sandhoff's Disease (GM2 Gangliosidosis‐Variant O) (1977)

The urine of a patient with Sandhoff's disease (GM2 gangliosidosis-variant O) contains 10--12 N-acetylglucosamine-rich oligosaccharides in high amounts. The structures of seven of these have been determined: beta-GlcNAc(1--2)-alpha-Man-(1--3)-beta-man-(1--4)-GlcNAc; beta-GlcNAc-(1--4)-alpha-Man-(1--3)-beta-Man-(1--4)-GlcNAc; beta-GlcNAc-(1--2)-alpha-Man-(1--6)-beta-Man-(1--4)-GlcNAc; beta-GlcNAc-(1--4)-alpha-Man-(1--6)-beta-Man-(1--4)-GlcNAc; beta-GlcNAc-(1--2)-alpha-Man-(1--3)-[beta-GlcNAc-(1--2)-alpha-Man-(1--6)]beta-Man-(1--4)-GlcNAc; beta-GlcNAc-(1--2)-alpha-Man-(1--3)[beta-GlcNAc-(1--2)-alpha-Man-(1--6)][beta-GlcNAc-(1--4)]beta-Man-(1--4)-GlcNAc; beta-GlcNAc-(1--2)-alpha-Man(1)-(1--3)[beta-GlcNAc-(1--2)-alpha-Man(2)-(1--6)]beta-Man-(1--4)-GlcNAc, with additional beta-GlcNAc, with additional beta-GlcNAc-(1--4) on mannose (1) or (2). An unusual oligosaccharide, with a tri-branched beta-mannose, has been characterized as the major component excreted in urine.
A Cognitive Dimensions questionnaire optimised for users. (2000)

The Cognitive Dimensions of Notations framework (CDs) provides a powerful vocabulary for discussing the usability of programming languages, tools and environments. Although originally proposed as a discussion tool for designers, they have recently been used to design questionnaires intended for system users evaluating the usability of the programming tools they use (Kadoda et al., 1999) We extend their approach: rather than develop questionnaires tailored to specific systems, we propose a generalised questionnaire in which the definitions of the CDs themselves are offered to the users, and respondents can choose for themselves the features of the system that they wish to criticise. This questionnaire has been completed by an extremely diverse range of users, showing that a generalised CDs questionnaire indeed a suitable tool for user evaluation. Not surprisingly, some problems emerged as well. Introduction The Cognitive Dimensions of Notations framework (CDs) provides a powerful vocab...
The effectiveness of laboratory tests to predict early postoperative periprosthetic infection after total knee arthroplasty (2021)

Early PJI after TKA should be suspected within six weeks if the CRP is ≥ 82 mg/l, synovial WBCs are ≥ 8,676 cells/μl, the percentage of synovial neutrophils is ≥ 88%, and/or the ANC is ≥ 8,346 cells/μl. Between six and 12 weeks, thresholds include a CRP of ≥ 34 mg/l, synovial WBC of ≥ 1,983 cells/μl, a percentage of synovial neutrophils of ≥ 76%, and/or an ANC of ≥ 1,684 cells/μl. Cite this article: <i>Bone Joint J</i> 2021;103-B(6 Supple A):177-184.
A Control Scheme for a DC Extreme Fast Charger with RMS Current Minimization (2021)

In this study, a power converter topology and control schemes for the power converter stages are proposed for a DC extreme fast charger. The proposed system is composed of a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converter as the active front end (AFE), and an input series output parallel (ISOP), which includes three parallel connected dual active bridge (DAB) cells. A modified Lyapunov Function (LF) based control strategy is applied to obtain high current control response for the AFE. An additional controller to remove the voltage unbalances among the H-bridges is also presented. Additionally, the triple phase-shift (TPS) control method is applied for the ISOP DAB converter. A Lagrange Multiplier (LM) based optimization study is performed to minimize the RMS current of the transformer. The performance of the proposed converter topology and control strategies is validated with MATLAB/Simulink simulations.
Supplementary Figures from Functional Precision Medicine Identifies Novel Druggable Targets and Therapeutic Options in Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

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Field Validation of the ReEBOV Antigen Rapid Test for Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Ebola Virus Infection (2016)

The ReEBOV RDT demonstrated the potential to provide clinically effective rapid and accurate point-of-care test results and, thus, to be a powerful tool for increasing triage efficiency.
AVIS en réponse à la saisine1 100605-saisine HCB- décret déclaration sur le projet de décret relatif à la mise en culture de végétaux génétiquement modifiés (2010)

Paris, le 26 octobre 2010 A V I S en réponse à la saisine 1 100605-saisine HCB-décret déclaration sur le projet de décret relatif à la mise en culture de végétaux génétiquement modifiés Le Haut Conseil des biotechnologies (HCB) a été saisi le 20 juillet 2010 par les autorités compétentes françaises (le Ministère de l'alimentation, de l'agriculture et de la pêche) d'une demande d'avis sur un projet de décret relatif à la mise en culture de végétaux génétiquement modifiés. Le Comité scientifique (CS) 2 du HCB a procédé à l'examen du projet de décret le 22 septembre 2010 sous la présidence de Jean-Christophe Pagès. 1 La saisine « 100605-saisine HCB-décret déclaration » est reproduite dans l'Annexe 1. 2 La composition du CS est indiqué dans l'Annexe 2.
A novel metered dose transdermal spray formulation for oxybutynin (2008)

The objective of the present work was to develop a metered dose spray formulation for transdermal delivery of oxybutynin and to carry out the in vitro characterization of the optimized formulation. Oxybutynin release from a series of ethanol/acetone/methylal based formulations was assessed in vitro and the developed formulation was used for delivery from a metered dose spray. Various qualitative and quantitative parameters like spray pattern, particle size distribution, pH, evaporation time, pump seal efficiency test, average weight per metered dose, content per spray and content uniformity were evaluated. The different film forming agents were assessed and carbopol (0.5%) and lutrol (0.1%) were found to give good clarity of solution, evaporation rate, spray pattern and tackiness of the film. Diffusion studies of the optimized formulations through the semipermeable membrane showed the release of drug to the extent of almost 50% over a period of 24 h. Stability studies were conducted as per ICH guidelines and indicated that formulations were stable. Skin irritation studies were performed using rabbit as an animal model. The results obtained show that the metered dose transdermal spray formulation can be a promising and innovative therapeutic system for the transdermal administration of oxybutynin.
Dihydroxo-bridged ferric dimer (1969)

Recent investigations have produced a large number&#13;\nof dimeric complexes containing the oxo-bridged&#13;\nstructural unit Fe_2O^(4+).&#13;\n&#13;\nHere we report the isolation and characterization of [Fe (pic)_2OH]_2 which apparently&#13;\nis the first example of a crystalline iron(III) dimer which&#13;\nutilizes dihydroxo bridging in its coordination structure.&#13;\n
Extreme efficiency power electronics (2012)

In this paper a generalized description and an overview of degrees of freedom and selected measures for efficiency improvement of power electronics converters is given. The background of all considerations is formed by single-phase PFC rectifier systems, but the concepts shown are fundamental and fully applicable for other converter systems. First, the influence of the main components of the losses of a converter on the efficiency characteristic over the output power is discussed. Subsequently, a detailed analysis of the possibilities, of minimizing the semiconductor losses, the losses of the passive components including the EMI filter, and the power requirements of auxiliary systems in the course of the design process are given. In this context also the technological boundaries that limit the maximum efficiency of a converter are clarified and the compromise that always has to be made between efficiency and power density is highlighted. Furthermore, a control procedure is discussed to maximize the efficiency in the partial load range and a resonant transition mode ZVS converter system is presented that allows to attain efficiencies significantly over 99% without the use of SiC semiconductors. In addition the accuracy of the input and output power measurements required for measuring highest efficiencies is clarified, whereby the advantage of a direct loss measurement by means of a calorimeter becomes immediately clear. Finally, results of measurements on a demonstrator of a CCM single-phase PFC rectifier system with 99.1% max. efficiency and η > 99% above half rated power, and on a resonant transition mode PFC rectifier system with ηmax = 99.3% and η > 99% above 15% rated power are presented.
Hyperfine Splitting of the Interaction Energy in H + D and in D + D (1968)

The hyperfine interaction of a ground-state D atom with either a ground-state H or a ground-state D atom is treated. For H + D there are 24 hyperfine states with 12 potential-energy curves, and for D + D there are 36 hyperfine states with 22 potential-energy curves. At separations greater than 9a0 to 10a0, the electronic spins (for most of these hyperfine states) become partially decoupled and one can no longer refer to the molecule as being an electronic singlet or an electronic triplet.
Engineering Disulfide Cross‐Links in RNA Using Thiol‐Disulfide Interchange Chemistry (2000)

Protocols for postsynthetic modification of 2-amino-containing oligoribonucleotides with either an alkyl-phenyl disulfide or an alkyl thiol group are described. These groups react under mild conditions to form disulfide cross-links by thiol-disulfide interchange. These reactants do not form a disulfide bond when incorporated on opposite faces of a short continuous RNA helix, but do form disulfide bonds rapidly when they are placed in proximity. In addition, by incorporating these groups at various positions on large RNAs by semisynthesis, the dynamics of thermal motions can be detected. Such motions are believed to be linked to biological function, and the protocols presented in this unit are among the few simple ways to assess such dynamics.
High-Q Ultrasonic Determination of the Critical Nanoaggregate Concentration of Asphaltenes and the Critical Micelle Concentration of Standard Surfactants (2005)

Asphaltenes are known to be interfacially active in many circumstances such as at toluene-water interfaces. Furthermore, the term micelle has been used to describe the primary aggregation of asphaltenes in good solvents such as toluene. Nevertheless, there has been significant uncertainty regarding the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of asphaltenes and even whether the micelle concept is appropriate for asphaltenes. To avoid semantic debates we introduce the terminology critical nanoaggregate concentration (CNAC) for asphaltenes. In this report, we investigate asphaltenes and standard surfactants using high-Q, ultrasonic spectroscopy in both aqueous and organic solvents. As expected, standard surfactants are shown to exhibit a sharp break in sonic velocity versus concentration at known CMCs. To prove our methods, we measured known surfactants with CMCs in the range from 0.010 g/L to 2.3 g/L in agreement with the literature. Using density determinations, we obtain micelle compressibilities consistent with previous literature reports. Asphaltenes are also shown to exhibit behavior similar to that of ultrasonic velocity versus concentration as standard surfactants; asphaltene CNACs in toluene occur at roughly 0.1 g/L, although the exact concentration depends on the specific (crude oil) asphaltene. Furthermore, using asphaltene solution densities, we show that asphaltene nanoaggregate compressibilities are similar to micellar compressibilities obtained with standard nonionic surfactants in toluene. These results strongly support the contention that asphaltenes in toluene can be treated roughly within the micelle framework, although asphaltenes may exhibit small levels of aggregation (dimers, etc.) below their CNAC. Furthermore, our extensive results on known surfactants agree with the literature while the asphaltene CNACs reported here are one to two orders of magnitude lower than most previously published results. (Previous work utilized the terminology "micelle" and "CMC" for asphaltenes.) We believe that the previously reported high concentrations for asphaltene CMCs do not correspond to primary aggregation; perhaps they refer to higher levels of aggregation or perhaps to a particular surface structure.
Transmission of laser radiation and acoustical waves via optical fibers for surgical therapy (1994)

This paper looks back on the transmission of acoustical shock waves via optical fibers. After that it presents recent results on an optical and acoustical system of a new combined endoscopical laser and ultrasound surgical therapy (LUST) for coagulation and tissue disintegration. Theoretical calculations concerning the transmission of acoustic energy via optical fibers are shown. In first experiments on the transmission of high power ultrasound via a silica fiber of 800 mm length a longitudinal elongation of up to 30 micrometers at the distal end with a simultaneous laser transmission was achieved. A magnetostrictive ultrasound transducer with a frequency of 26 kHz and a Nd:YAG laser (25 W cw) was used.
Tailor-Made Monoclonal Antibodies (1986)

Monoclonal antibodies, potentially powerful diagnostic and therapeutic reagents, are having a significant impact in basic and clinical research. Some persisting problems must be solved, however, in order to realize the potential of this technology. We review the basic biology of antibody molecules and the genes that encode them, and discuss how this knowledge can be applied to make more effective monoclonal antibodies.
mIDoT: Micro identifier dot on things — A tiny, efficient alternative to barcodes, tags, or marking for industrial parts traceability (2016)

We propose a novel, efficient way to identify things to which it is difficult to attach identifiers such as markers, barcodes and RFID tags. With our proposed method, a dot of metallic or glitter ink is attached onto an object and is identified as unique by matching a microscopic image of the dot with a database. The ink is an inexpensive consumer product. It is a mixture of a basic ink with micro particles that form random irregularities on the surface. Since the irregularities naturally become unique for each dot, any dot is identified by matching its image features. Consequently, the dot works as a unique identifier of an object, and this is useful as an alternative to the barcode, RFID tag, or marking. Called "mIDoT," this identification framework enables tiny parts to be traceable and the manufacturing process to be observed in detail. The proposed method uses the modified "FIBAR" lighting method to capture micro surface irregularities as robust image features like fingerprints, enabling the robust image matching required for large-scale identification. In experiments, 1,172 dots were uniquely identified with zero error, which opens the door to real applications such as those in which millions of parts are identified. Finally, we demonstrate a prototype of a traceability system for tiny electric parts.
Modern Developments in Catalysis (2021)

The UK Catalysis Hub is a consortium of universities working together on fundamental and applied research to find out how catalysts work and to improve their effectiveness. The contribution of catalysis to manufacturing contributes to almost 40% of global GDP, making development and innovation within the field integral to industry. Modern Developments in Catalysis, Volume 2 provides a review and update of current research and practice on catalysis. Topics range from the treatment of water using novel techniques for carbon neutrality, cutting-edge techniques using intense radiation including Operando Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy to innovation in homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis and biocatalysis. Edited by leaders of the UK Hub, this book provides insight into one of the most important areas of modern chemistry — it represents a unique learning opportunity for students and professionals studying and working towards speeding up, improving and increasing the rate of catalytic reactions in science and industry.
Study of the Kulinkovich Synthesis of 1-Methylcyclopropanol and Its Conversion into 1-Methylcyclopropyl 4-Nitrophenyl Carbonate (2013)

A detailed investigation of the preparation of 1-methylcyclopropanol via the Kulinkovich reaction is presented. Reaction and workup parameters were optimized to provide a reproducible procedure for the synthesis of multigram quantities of 1-methylcyclopropanol. Key improvements were the use of titanium tetra(2-ethyl)hexyloxide as catalyst, reduction in the volume of reaction solvent, addition of the methyl acetate starting material in portions, and azeotropic distillation to remove by-products. The preparation of the 4-nitrophenyl carbonate ester was likewise studied and optimized.
Microscopic model of heteroepitaxy of GaAs on Si(100) (1989)

A new microscopic model of heteroepitaxial growth is introduced using GaAs on Si(100) as a prototype. This model takes into account specific features of surface topology, predicts that in the prototype system conventional two-dimensional epitaxy should be inhibited, and provides a fundamental explanation for three-dimensional nature of the initial stages of growth. The ingredients of the model, which are supported by total-energy calculations, include new structural geometries for each state of growth and the chemical and rehybridization reactions linking these stages.