gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3G / SAE Bundle (2009)

Combining information on the most important and related technologies in the mobile communications field, this two book package gives the engineer a concise, complete and authoritative introduction to LTE and SAE and The Evolved Packet Core. Written by experts who played a leading role in the development of the standards, this package gives insight into the 'how' and 'why', enabling the professional engineer to implement the technologies that are central to the mobile broadband revolution.Includes details of the standards and technologies with 160 new pages: LTE radio interface architecture,LTE physical layer and LTE access proceduresContains three brand new chapters on LTE: Transmission Procedures, Flexible Bandwidth and LTE Evolution, plus expanded details on the physical layer (total LTE content is 270 pages)Examines the latest developments in the evolution of LTE into IMT-Advanced, the next stage of 3G EvolutionGives clear explanations of the role of OFDM and MIMO technologies in HSPA and LTEOutlines the System Architecture Evolution (SAE) supporting LTE and HSPA evolutionUp-to-date coverage of SAE including the latest standards development Easily accessible overview of the architecture and concepts defined by SAEThorough description of the Evolved Packet Core for LTE, fixed and other wireless accessesComprehensive explanation of SAE key concepts, security and Quality-of-ServiceCovers potential service and operator scenarios including interworking with existing 3GPP and 3GPP2 systemsDetailed walkthrough of network entities, protocols and proceduresWritten by established experts in the SAE standardization process, all of whom have extensive experience and understanding of its goals, history and vision
A Scaled Thermal-Diffusivity-Based 16 MHz Frequency Reference in 0.16 µm CMOS (2012)

This paper presents a 16 MHz frequency reference that exploits the well-defined thermal diffusivity of IC-grade silicon. After a room temperature trim, its absolute inaccuracy is ±0.1% from -55°C to 125°C (24 samples), while its cycle-to-cycle jitter is less than 45 ps (rms) at a power dissipation of 2.1 mW from a 1.8 V supply. The reference occupies 0.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in a 0.16 μ m standard CMOS process. Compared to a previous design in an older 0.7 μm CMOS process, it achieves 10× higher frequency, 7× less jitter, 3.7× less power, and 12x less chip area, while maintaining the same level of accuracy.
Observation of a Narrow Pentaquark State, Pc(4312)+, and of the Two-Peak Structure of the Pc(4450)+ (2019)

A narrow pentaquark state, P_{c}(4312)^{+}, decaying to J/ψp, is discovered with a statistical significance of 7.3σ in a data sample of Λ_{b}^{0}→J/ψpK^{-} decays, which is an order of magnitude larger than that previously analyzed by the LHCb Collaboration. The P_{c}(4450)^{+} pentaquark structure formerly reported by LHCb is confirmed and observed to consist of two narrow overlapping peaks, P_{c}(4440)^{+} and P_{c}(4457)^{+}, where the statistical significance of this two-peak interpretation is 5.4σ. The proximity of the Σ_{c}^{+}D[over ¯]^{0} and Σ_{c}^{+}D[over ¯]^{*0} thresholds to the observed narrow peaks suggests that they play an important role in the dynamics of these states.
CCDC 672303: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2009)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
New Advances in Molecular Therapy for Muscle Repair after Diseases and Injuries (2008)

Abstract : Muscle injuries, especially pulls and strains, are among the most common and most frequently disabling injuries sustained by athletes and soldiers. Although injured muscles heal naturally, the regeneration is very slow and often yields incomplete functional recovery. In injured muscle, regeneration begins shortly after injury, but the healing process is rather inefficient and is hindered by fibrosis that is, scar tissue formation. More importantly, the scar tissue that often replaces damaged myofibers may contribute to the tendency of strains to recur. We have observed that TGF-beta 1 plays a central role in skeletal muscle fibrosis and, more importantly, that the use of antifibrosis agents that inactivate this molecule, such as suramin (a Food and Drug Association [FDA]-approved drug that prevents fibrosis due to skin disorders), can reduce muscle fibrosis and consequently improve muscle healing, resulting in nearly complete recovery after laceration or strain injuries.
Integrated optical phase modulator using a hybrid structure of glass waveguides and electro-optic polymers (2001)

Summary form only given. In telecommunication, the organic materials offer new possibilities for the development of electro-optic (EO) devices with good performances. The interest stems from their excellent EO coefficient and large bandwidth, as well as their easy processability and low cost. In addition, they provide the possibility to integrate easily with other materials like glass substrates. The hybridation of glass ion exchange waveguides technology with that of the EO polymers permits the integration of passive and active functions in a multifunctional device. This technique offers a different approach in which complex passive functions, with low propagation losses, produced by the ion exchange technology can be integrated with large bandwidth electro-optic active functions in the same substrate. We have fabricated a modulator with a vertically stacked structure, which consists of a single mode ion exchange waveguide recovered with a low refractive index poled EO polymer (n /spl ap/ 1.5; r/sub 33/ = 12 pm/V) sandwiched between a lower transparent electrode (ITO indium tin oxide) and an upper aluminium electrode. To avoid induced losses of the metallic layer, a buffer cladding is deposited between the upper electrode and the polymer. A similar structure have already proposed for a TE pass polarizer.
Cloaking at Optical Wavelengths (2007)

A design for a cloak based on coordinate transformation at optical wavelengths is presented. A possible realization is proposed and the design performance is studied using finite element method simulations.
Effect of maternal diet on the amino acid composition of human uterine fluid (2014)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on reproductive biology and medicine ISSN 2052-1472 (online)
Isolation of A Human GM-CSF Antibody with Potent Neutralizing Activity from a Subject with Idiopathic Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (96.24) (2010)

Abstract Background. GM-CSF has been implicated in the development of autoimmune disorders. The efficacy of neutralizing anti-GM-CSF has been demonstrated in several animal disease models rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and lung inflammation. While humanization of murine antibodies (Abs) and phage-display technology have generated potential therapeutic leads currently in development, these engineered leads face potential challenge of serum stability and immunoreactivity. We have isolated a fully human anti-GM-CSF from a patient of idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (iPAP) who produces anti-GM-CSF as autoantibody. Method. To isolate natural human Abs, we used a short term memory B cell culture system to generate Ab-containing supernatants and screened for anti-GM-CSF that inhibited the proliferation of TF-1 cells in response to human GM-CSF. The specificity for GM-CSF was then confirmed via secondary binding screening in Alphascreen assays. Recombinant human Abs were isolated from the corresponding memory B cells using RT-PCR and subcloning. Results. By analyzing the serum from several iPAP patients for the neutralizing activity against TF-1 proliferation, we selected one peripheral blood sample for Ab isolation. TCN-350 was isolated with IC50 of 27 pM for TF-1 inhibition. It binds human GM-CSF with an affinity of 39 pM and cross-reacts with rabbit GM-CSF with an affinity of 1 nM. The high neutralization potency of TCN-350 warrants further evaluation as a therapeutic lead.
III. The description and manner of using a late invented set of small pocket-microscopes, made by James Wilson; which with great ease are apply'd in viewing opake, transparent and liquid objects: as the farina of the flowers of plants, &c. The circulation of the blood in living creatures, &c. The animalcula in semine, &c. (1702)

Abstract The use of Microscopes is so well known, that it's as needless to attempt their Recommendation to the Inquisitive, as it would be tedious to numerate their particular advantages in Natural Inquiries.
Deposition of tantalum carbide coatings on graphite by laser interactions (1994)

Graphite surfaces can be hardened and protected from erosion by hydrogen at high temperatures by refractory metal carbide coatings, which are usually prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or chemical vapor reaction (CVR) methods. These techniques rely on heating the substrate to a temperature where a volatile metal halide decomposes and reacts with either a hydrocarbon gas or with carbon from the substrate. For CVR techniques, deposition temperatures must be in excess of 2000 C in order to achieve favorable deposition kinetics. In an effort to lower the bulk substrate deposition temperature, the use of laser interactions with both the substrate and the metal halide deposition gas has been employed. Initial testing involved the use of a CO2 laser to heat the surface of a graphite substrate and a KrF excimer laser to accomplish a photodecomposition of TaCl5 gas near the substrate. The results of preliminary experiments using these techniques are described.
Natalizumab Induces Sustained Response and Remission in the Absence of Concomitant Immunosuppressants in Patients with Crohnʼs Disease Who Failed Prior Anti-TNFα Therapy (2007)

Purpose: This post-hoc analysis assessed the need for concomitant immunosuppressants (IMM) for induction and maintenance of response and remission with natalizumab (NAT) in patients (pts) who failed prior anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) therapy. Methods: In the ENCORE induction trial, 509 pts with CDAI scores ≥220 and ≤450 and CRP levels > 2.87 mg/L were randomized 1:1 to receive NAT (N = 259) or placebo (PBO; N = 250) at Mths 0, 1 and 2. In the ENACT2 maintenance trial, NAT-treated pts who had responded in ENACT1 and had a CDAI score <220 were re-randomized 1:1 to receive monthly NAT (N = 168) or PBO (N = 171) for up to 12 mths. Results: In ENCORE, 54 NAT- and 51 PBO-treated pts failed prior anti-TNFα therapy and did not receive IMM at baseline. Within this subgroup a significantly greater proportion of NAT-treated pts were in clinical response at Mths 2 and 3 and at both timepoints combined, compared to PBO (Table 1). A significantly greater proportion of NAT-treated pts were in clinical remission at Mth 3 and sustained remission through Mths 2 and 3 compared to PBO (Table 1). In ENACT2 21 NAT- and 19 PBO-treated pts failed prior anti-TNFα therapy and did not receive IMM at baseline. NAT treatment resulted in more pts in clinical response and remission throughout the study compared to PBO (Table 2). Significant differences in response and remission were observed, respectively, at Mths 9 through 12 and at Mths 6 through 12 (Table 2).Table 1Table 2Conclusion: Analyses of these trials suggest that NAT was effective in inducing response and maintaining remission in CD pts who failed prior anti-TNFα therapy and did not receive concomitant IMM.
Symmetric Ambipolar Thin-Film Transistors and High-Gain CMOS-like Inverters Using Environmentally Friendly Copper Nitride (2019)

Oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (TFTs) are currently used as the fundamental building blocks in commercial flat-panel displays because of the excellent performance of n-channel TFTs. However, except for a few materials, their p-channel performances have not been acceptable. Although some p-type oxide semiconductors exhibit superior hole transport properties, their TFT performances are greatly deteriorated, which is a major obstacle in the development of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. Herein, an ionic nitride semiconductor, copper nitride (Cu<sub>3</sub>N), composed of environmentally benign elements is shown to exhibit highly symmetric hole and electron transport, indicating its suitability for application in CMOS circuits. We performed a two-step investigation. The first step was to examine the ultimate potential of Cu<sub>3</sub>N using an electric-double-layer transistor structure with epitaxial Cu<sub>3</sub>N channels measured at 220 K, which exhibited ambipolar operation with hole and electron mobilities of ∼5 and ∼10 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, and a high on/off ratio of ∼10<sup>5</sup>. The second step is to demonstrate the feasibility of TFT circuits with a polycrystalline channel on non-single-crystal (SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si) substrates. CMOS-like inverters composed of two polycrystalline Cu<sub>3</sub>N ambipolar TFTs on a SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si substrate exhibited a high voltage gain of ∼100.
Functional cooperation of the glycine synthase-reductase and Wood–Ljungdahl pathways for autotrophic growth of Clostridium drakei (2020)

Among CO<sub>2</sub>-fixing metabolic pathways in nature, the linear Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP) in phylogenetically diverse acetate-forming acetogens comprises the most energetically efficient pathway, requires the least number of reactions, and converts CO<sub>2</sub> to formate and then into acetyl-CoA. Despite two genes encoding glycine synthase being well-conserved in WLP gene clusters, the functional role of glycine synthase under autotrophic growth conditions has remained uncertain. Here, using the reconstructed genome-scale metabolic model <i>i</i>SL771 based on the completed genome sequence, transcriptomics, <sup>13</sup>C isotope-based metabolite-tracing experiments, biochemical assays, and heterologous expression of the pathway in another acetogen, we discovered that the WLP and the glycine synthase pathway are functionally interconnected to fix CO<sub>2</sub>, subsequently converting CO<sub>2</sub> into acetyl-CoA, acetyl-phosphate, and serine. Moreover, the functional cooperation of the pathways enhances CO<sub>2</sub> consumption and cellular growth rates via bypassing reducing power required reactions for cellular metabolism during autotrophic growth of acetogens.
Stabilized Semiconductor Optical Frequency Comb with Programmable Intracavity Dispersion Compensation (2014)

We demonstrate a mode-locked semiconductor laser producing a stabilized frequency comb. An intracavity spectral processor allows for programmable spectral phase adjustment for maximum bandwidth while maintaining a Pound-Drever-Hall lock to an intracavity Fabry-Pérot etalon.
Developmentally regulated herpesvirus plaque formation in arterial smooth muscle cells. (1993)

Previous studies of age-related susceptibility to viral infection have focused largely on the effects of aging on the immune response. Little attention has been given to age-related changes in the infectivity of target cells. We show here a fourfold greater plating efficiency of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) for cultured vascular smooth muscle cells derived from adult rats compared with cells from genetically identical pup rats. The difference in plating efficiency appeared to be due to differences in initial attachment of the virion to the cell surface. There were no differences in the rate of viral entry or the efficiency of viral replication at high multiplicities of infection and no resistant "subpopulation" of pup cells. The pup cells did not release a soluble inhibitor of infection. Infection in both cell types was inhibited similarly by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Although adult cells exhibited a more vigorous mitogenic response to bFGF than did pup cells, binding studies did not demonstrate significant differences in the binding of bFGF to the cell surface, suggesting that differential expression of high-affinity FGF receptors could not be correlated with the difference in infectivity. We speculate that differences in the distribution of heparan sulfate in the cell surface, which serves as the initial attachment site for HSV-1, may explain the observed differences in plating efficiency. Since age is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, these results have potential implications for susceptibility of the vasculature to herpesviral infections as a function of the development of the vessel wall.
Genomc-Wide Profiling of Gene Expression and DNA Copy Number Alterations in Multiple Myeloma. (2007)

Abstract In an effort to identify novel genetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma (MM) we analyzed an initial set, as part of the Multiple Myeloma Research Consortium (MMRC) Genomics Initiative, of 94 MM patient samples on high-resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and gene expression profiling (GEP) technologies. The MMRC Genomics Initiative is a three-year research program spanning a full-spectrum of genomic technologies with the goal of analyzing 250 MM patient samples by 2009. Raw data from the Initiative are released in near real time through the MMRC Multiple Myeloma Genomics Portal. This initial aCGH dataset from the Agilent 244K platform represents the highest resolution gene copy number analysis with corresponding GEP released to date in MM. It has confirmed the cytogenetic definitions of MM with the data set being split between patients with hyperdiploid and non-hyperdiploid MM. Furthermore, the 244K platform has helped to refine minimal regions of change present on 1p, 1q, 6q, 8p, 13q, 14q, and 16q. A comprehensive screen of the dataset for genes residing in regions of homozygous deletion identified 105 genes. The most commonly affected gene was CDKN2C(p18) (8.3%) while 12 other regions were recurrently targeted. Several of these regions were recently implicated in the pathogenesis of MM but the large majority represents novel observations. The aCGH and GEP data were integrated using two different programs developed by the core institutions (The Broad Institute of Harvard &amp; MIT and Translational Genomics Research Institute). First, Genomic Identification of Significant Targets in Cancer (GISTIC), which identifies highly significant regions of change and a limited set of candidate genes within these regions, was used to identify 285 genes associated with DNA content alterations. Second, Breakpoint Expression Correlation (BEC), which identifies dysregulated genes on either side of a copy number alteration, was used to identify 194 genes with expression changes associated with a breakpoint. This latter gene list includes all known IgH translocation target genes identified to date in myeloma. Overlapping the gene lists generated by GISTIC, BEC, and the homozygous deletion screen identified a number of genes previously implicated in MM such as CDKN2C(p18), CYLD, BIRC2/BIRC3, and two novel genes, FAM46C and RNF6. Ongoing data integration with RNAi and high content sequencing projects of the current Initiative holds great promise in furthering our understanding of MM. The MMRC Genomics Initiative and resulting efforts from the myeloma research community will increase our understanding of MM at the molecular level, help to identify new targets, and ultimately lead to the development of better, more effective therapies for myeloma.
A wireless multi-sensor system for soil moisture measurement (2015)

This paper presents a new multi-sensor system with wireless connectivity taking advantage of three different sensing techniques for automatic measurement of soil moisture in the field. The developed multi-sensor system deploys dual probe heat pulse (DPHP), capacitive and resistive based soil moisture sensors. Every sensor node is a fully operational system with instrumentation, controller, solar powered battery module and wireless data communication. This paper also compares the implemented sensors in terms of accuracy, power and cost. All implemented sensor nodes measure the soil moisture once per hour. The developed DPHP sensor measures the moisture with accuracy of ±3% with ON time of 3min and energy consumption of 30J per hour. The developed capacitive sensor exhibits accuracy of ±3% with negligible energy consumption as compared to the DPHP sensor. However the DPHP sensor is cost effective as compared to the capacitive sensor. The resistive sensor identifies the moisture content into four bands namely dry, low, medium and high. This sensor is the cheapest when compared to the other two sensors. Energy consumption of resistive sensor is 600mJ per hour, with measurement time of 15min. This multi-sensor system is tested with various soil samples and moisture levels including red soil.
Fracture compliance measurements in synthetic fractured media (2013)

Ultrasonic velocities were measured on a stack of synthetic material (plexiglass plates), at low (90/120 kHz, long wavelength range: 12-23 mm) and high (431/480 kHz, short wavelength range: 1-6 mm) frequencies. The plexiglass plates were pressed together with uniaxial normal stress. The ultrasonic measurements were repeated under different uniaxial stresses with and without circular rubber inclusions between the plates. Ultrasonic velocity measurements in vertical and horizontal directions were used to calculate normal and tangential fracture compliances. C13 in all cases was computed using linear slip theory. For both experiments, fracture compliances (normal and tangential) decrease with increasing stress and frequency. In all cases, the tangential compliance was greater than the normal compliance. Stress affects the tangential compliance more than the normal compliance. For variations of normal to tangential compliance ratios with stress, two different general trends can be observed for cases with and without inclusions. For experiments without inclusions, the normal to tangential compliance ratios show an increasing trend with increasing normal stress. For experiments with inclusions, these ratios show a decreasing trend especially at higher frequency range.
Nonlinear damping in micromachined bridge resonators (2022)

Abstract This study presents a thorough theoretical and experimental investigation on the nonlinear damping of in-plane micromachined electromechanical resonators. More specifically, experiments are conducted on an electrically actuated bridge resonator, and the primary resonance response of the system is obtained at various AC and DC voltages. A nonlinear theoretical model is developed using the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory while accounting for the geometric, electrostatic (including fringing field effect), and damping nonlinearities. Two damping models are considered in the theoretical model: the Kelvin–Voigt model, which for this system is a nonlinear damping model due to the presence of geometric nonlinearities. The second damping model consists of linear, quadratic, and cubic damping terms. A high-dimensional discretisation is performed, and the nonlinear dynamics of the resonator are examined in detail in the primary resonance regime by constructing the frequency response diagrams at various AC and DC voltages. Thorough comparisons are conducted between the experimental data and the theoretical results for different damping conditions. It is shown that the microresonator displays strong nonlinear damping. Detailed calibration procedures for the nonlinear damping models are proposed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each nonlinear damping model are discussed.