gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser roll welding of dissimilar metal joint of zinc coated steel to aluminum alloy (2010)

There is a subject to reduce the weight of car body by replacing steel to aluminum alloys as some structural body parts for improving fuel consumption and suppressing CO2 generation. As one of the solutions, the hybrid body structure concept using aluminum alloys and high strength steels is proposed recently. However, it is well known that fusion welding of steel and aluminum is difficult due to the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds at the joint interface. Therefore, new welding processes by which these dissimilar materials can be joined in high reliability and productivity are demanded. “Laser roll welding” has been developed for joining of dissimilar metals by Kutsuna, Rathod, and Tsuboi in 2002 (Japanese Patent No. 3535152 and No. 3692135). Controlling the formation of the brittle imtermetallic compounds was tried by application of laser roll welding to get a sound joint. In the present work, laser roll welding of zinc coated steel and aluminum alloy was fundamentally investigated, and the process parameters were studied. Furthermore, the influences of process parameters on the weldability, the formation of intermetallic compound layer, and the joint properties have been investigated to get a sound joint. When intermetallic compound layer thickness was less than 10 μm, failure of tensile shear test specimen occurred in the base metal of the zinc coated steel.
Preparation of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Monolayer-Protected Gold Clusters:  Synthesis Methods, Core Size, and Thickness of Monolayer (2003)

The preparation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-monolayer-protected clusters (PNIPAM-MPC) of gold nanoparticles was carried out in a homogeneous phase using three methods, in which three types of PNIPAM ligands were employed. The first type was comprised of PNIPAMs with narrow molar mass distributions, synthesized by reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and thus bearing a dithiobenzoate at the chain end. These polymers were used directly to passivate the gold nanoparticles upon the Schiffrin reaction in a one-pot synthesis. The second type of ligand was derived from the first one through hydrazinolysis, and they therefore contained a thiol end group. The third type of ligand was PNIPAMs obtained through conventional radical polymerization, postmodified to contain thiol end groups. The PNIPAM-MPCs were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, UV−vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The one-pot synthesis utilizing the ligands of the first type turned out to be a simple and facile method compared with the other two ways, with which the size of the gold nanoparticles can be easily manipulated mainly by adjusting the molar ratios of PNIPAM/HAuCl4. PNIPAM is a more efficient ligand to stabilize the gold nanoparticles in water and in organic solvents than alkanethiols. The surface density of PNIPAM chains ranged from 1.8 to 2.5 chain/nm2, which is much lower than that typical for alkanethiols. The thickness of a PNIPAM monolayer bound to the gold core is somewhat larger than the size of the random coil of the corresponding free PNIPAM in aqueous solution, which suggests that the conformation of a PNIPAM chain bound to the gold core is extended.
Balanced parallel sort on hypercube multiprocessors (1993)

A parallel sorting algorithm for sorting n elements evenly distributed over 2/sup d/ p nodes of a d-dimensional hypercube is presented. The average running time of the algorithm is O((n log n)/p+p log 2n). The algorithm maintains a perfect load balance in the nodes by determining the (kn/p)th elements (k1,. . ., (p-1)) of the final sorted list in advance. These p-1 keys are used to partition the sorted sublists in each node to redistribute data to the nodes to be merged in parallel. The nodes finish the sort with an equal number of elements (n/p) regardless of the data distribution. A parallel selection algorithm for determining the balanced partition keys in O(p log2n) time is presented. The speed of the sorting algorithm is further enhanced by the distance-d communication capability of the iPSC/2 hypercube computer and a novel conflict-free routing algorithm. Experimental results on a 16-node hypercube computer show that the sorting algorithm is competitive with the previous algorithms and faster for skewed data distributions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A simpler technique for assessing the maximal depth of experimental injury (1979)

A new device, the multisection tissue sampler, has been developed to accurately identify the area of maximal tissue damage after exper­ imental coagulation of bleeding ulcers. Fixed ulcers are sliced into 1­ mm strips and then examined with a dissecting microscope. The technique was validated by comparing visible changes in one ulcer slice with changes observed microscopically in the mirror image slice. This device is a less time-consuming method of histologic analysis that may be of value in other areas of endoscopic research. I n evaluating the safety of any endoscopic method for stopping bleeding, it is essential to determine the area of deepest tissue injury within a treated experimental ulcer. The depth of injury determined by study of several sections from the center of 55 treated ulcers was compared to the maximal depth of injury determined by step-sectioning the whole ulcer at 100-/L intervals. The deepest injury was revealed by the central sections in only 23 of the 55 treated ulcers; in 10 of the 55, the deepest injury was detected in the first or last section. Underestimates of percentage depth of injury may result from sampling of only the central portion of the ulcer. It was thus apparent that any technique employed for accurate assessment of the maxi­ mal depth of injury would require step-sectioning, an overwhelming chore for both the histology technician pro­ cessing the tissue and for the histologist evaluating it. We have developed a less time-consuming method to deter­ mine the maximal depth of injury by gross examination of 1.0-mm thick sections through an entire, treated ulcer. This information, essential to evaluating the safety of various means of hemostasis, can be easily obtained with the tissue-slicing technique described in this paper.
A genome wide survey supports the involvement of large copy number variants in schizophrenia with and without intellectual disability (2013)

Duplications at 15q11.2 (18.5-20.1 Mb) are highly prevalent in a severe group of patients characterized by intellectual disability and comorbid schizophrenia. It is also associated with a phenotype that includes schizophrenia, low IQ, hearing and visual impairments resembling the spectrum of symptoms described in "ciliopathies."
Development of a Novel Dorsal Incision Only Invagination Type Pancreatogastrostomy (Charité-PG) Following Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy—A Single Centre Experience (2021)

The implementation of a pancreatico-enteric anastomosis following open single stage pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is still associated with the most threatening complications in modern pancreatic surgery, such as postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), postpancreatectomy haemorrhage (PPH), delayed gastric emptying (DGE), intraabdominal abscesses and related mortality. With this study, we introduce Charité-PG, a new dorsal incision only invagination type pancreatogastrostomy (dioPG) for the restoration of the pancreatic remnant following PD, and compare it to a PG requiring ventral gastrotomy (vgPG). A total of 49 consecutive patients, who underwent reconstruction via dioPG, and 92 consecutive patients, who underwent restoration via vgPG, were identified from our prospective database and further reviewed for perioperative parameters, complication rates, mortality and follow-up. The percentage of overall complications (<i>p</i> = 0.301), as well as the 30-day mortality rate (<i>p</i> = 0.725) and survival (<i>p</i> = 0.543), were comparable in both groups. The operation time in the dioPG group was significantly shorter (<i>p</i> = 0.04), and patients in this group developed substantially fewer rates of DGE (<i>p</i> = 0.036). We provide a feasible and safe technique for restoration following PD via our novel dioPG, causing fewer cases of DGE. Nevertheless, pancreatico-enteric anastomoses require expertise and experience.
A PARYLENE PERIPHERAL NERVE CUFF ELECTRODE WITH INTEGRATED MICROFLUIDICS (2016)

We present a novel micromachined polymer peripheral nerve interface that combines both electrodes and microfluidic channels in an adjustable cuff sized to interface with rat sciatic nerve. Parylene fluidic channels enable targeted delivery of lysing agents and neurotrophic factors to fascicle sites on the nerve surface, in order to induce axonal sprouting towards electrodes. This Lyse-and-Attract Cuff Electrode (LACE) uses a simple locking mechanism that is adjustable for close contact with nerves of varying diameters. We demonstrate fully functional cuffs having electrode impedances of < 2 k (1 kHz) and controlled microfluidic infusion at < L/min flow rates.
Methodology to Evaluate the Fuel Economy of a Multimode Combustion Engine With Three-Way Catalytic Converter (2014)

Highly diluted, low temperature homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion leads to ultra-low levels of engine-out NOx emissions. A standard drive cycle, however, would require switches between HCCI and spark-ignited (SI) combustion modes. In this paper a methodology is introduced, investigating the fuel economy of such a multimode combustion concept in combination with a three-way catalytic converter (TWC). The TWC needs to exhibit unoccupied oxygen storage sites in order to show acceptable performance. But the lean exhaust gas during HCCI operation fills the oxygen storage and leads to a drop in NOx conversion efficiency. Eventually the levels of NOx become unacceptable and a mode switch to a fuel rich combustion mode is necessary in order to deplete the oxygen storage. The resulting lean-rich cycling leads to a penalty in fuel economy. In order to evaluate the impact of those penalties on fuel economy, a finite state model for combustion mode switches is combined with a longitudinal vehicle model and a phenomenological TWC model, focused on oxygen storage. The aftertreatment model is calibrated using combustion mode switch experiments from lean HCCI to rich spark-assisted HCCI and back. Fuel and emissions maps acquired in steady state experiments are used. Two depletion strategies are compared in terms of their influence on drive cycle fuel economy and NOx emissions.
ChemInform Abstract: Methanol Oxidation in Acids on Ordered NiTi. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Telemedicine in research and training: spine surgeon perspectives and practices worldwide (2021)

Our study of spine surgeons worldwide noted high agreement among specialists for the implantation of telemedicine in trainee curricula, underscoring the global acceptance of this medium for patient management going forward. A greater emphasis towards trainee participation as well as establishing best practices in telemedicine are essential to equip future spine specialists with the necessary skills for navigating this emerging platform.
How to improve gait and balance function in elderly individuals—compliance with principles of training (2007)

Abstract Most balance training regimens for elderly individuals focus on self-controlled exercises, although automatic postural responses after a balance perturbation are not under direct volitional control. We critically review the literature on this topic, and notice that several studies fail to comply with basic principles of training and therefore show little improvement in function. Some present the view that physical function in the too frail and too fit cannot be improved, which we instead argue would be the effect of nonspecific training programs. We propose a concept for balance training that incorporates voluntary exercises as well as perturbation and dual-task exercises to improve balance control. The program is performed on five different levels where levels 1–4 exercises focus on the skill to maintain balance and level 5 adds perturbation exercises that focus on the skill to recover balance as well as dual task exercises providing a cognitive load during execution of a balance motor task. Functional requirements for muscle strength and power are directly incorporated into the program. The feasibility of the concept has been demonstrated on elderly fallers. A randomized control trial is underway to investigate the effects on healthy elderly individuals. Further intervention studies using this concept are encouraged.
Thin Lenses and Thin Cameras (2021)

Cassegrain designs can be used to build thin lenses. We analyze the relationships between system thickness and aperture sizes of the two mirrors as well as FoV size. Our analysis shows that decrease in lens thickness imposes tight constraint on the aperture and FoV size. To mitigate this limitation, we propose to fill the gaps between the primary and the secondary with high index material. The Gassegrain optics cuts the track length into half and high index material reduces ray angle and height, consequently the incident ray angle can be increased, i.e., the FoV angle is extended. Defining telephoto ratio as the ratio of lens thickness to focal length, we achieve telephoto ratios as small as 0.43 for a visible Cassegrain thin lens and 1.20 for an infrared Cassegrain thin lens. To achieve an arbitrary FoV coverage, we present an strategy by integrating multiple thin lenses on one plane with each unit covering a different FoV region. To avoid physically tilting each unit, we propose beam steering with metasurface. By image stitching, we obtain wide FoV images.
Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in rat stomach by PACAP is mediated by secretin, somatostatin, and PGE2 (2000)

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), existing in two variants, PACAP-27 and PACAP-38, is found in the enteric nervous system and regulates function of the digestive system. However, the regulatory mechanism of PACAP on gastric acid secretion has not been well elucidated. We investigated the inhibitory action of PACAP-27 on acid secretion and its mechanism in isolated vascularly perfused rat stomach. PACAP-27 in four graded doses (5, 10, 20, and 50 microg/h) was vascularly infused to determine its effect on basal and pentagastrin (50 ng/h)-stimulated acid secretion. To study the inhibitory mechanism of PACAP-27 on acid secretion, a rabbit antisecretin serum, antisomatostatin serum, or indomethacin was administered. Concentrations of secretin, somatostatin, PGE(2), and histamine in portal venous effluent were measured by RIA. PACAP-27 dose-dependently inhibited both basal and pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. PACAP-27 at 10 microg/h significantly increased concentrations of secretin, somatostatin, and PGE(2) in basal or pentagastrin-stimulated state. The inhibitory effect of PACAP-27 on pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion was reversed 33% by an antisecretin serum, 80.0% by an antisomatostatin serum, and 46.1% by indomethacin. The antisecretin serum partially reduced PACAP-27-induced local release of somatostatin and PGE(2). PACAP-27 at 10 microg/h elevated histamine level in portal venous effluent, which was further increased by antisomatostatin serum. However, antisomatostatin serum did not significantly increase acid secretion. It is concluded that PACAP-27 inhibits both basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. The effect of PACAP-27 is mediated by local release of secretin, somatostatin, and PGE(2) in isolated perfused rat stomach. The increase in somatostatin and PGE(2) levels in portal venous effluent is, in part, attributable to local action of the endogenous secretin.
Supplemental Table 7 from Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Breast Cancer Subset Enriched in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Characteristics (2023)

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A bioinformatics prediction approach towards analyzing the glycosylation, co-expression and interaction patterns of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA/MUC1) (2015)

Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA or MUC1) is a heavily glycosylated, type I transmembrane glycoprotein commonly expressed by epithelial cells of duct organs. It has been shown to be aberrantly glycosylated in several diseases including cancer. Protein sequence based annotation and analysis of glycosylation profile of glycoproteins by robust computational and comprehensive algorithms provides possible insights to the mechanism(s) of anomalous glycosylation. In present report, by using a number of bioinformatics applications we studied EMA/MUC1 and explored its trans-membrane structural domain sequence that is widely subjected to glycosylation. Exploration of different extracellular motifs led to prediction of N and O-linked glycosylation target sites. Based on the putative O-linked target sites, glycosylated moieties and pathways were envisaged. Furthermore, Protein network analysis demonstrated physical interaction of EMA with a number of proteins and confirmed its functional involvement in cell growth and proliferation pathways. Gene Ontology analysis suggested an involvement of EMA in a number of functions including signal transduction, protein binding, processing & transport along with glycosylation. Thus, present study explored potential of bioinformatics prediction approach in analyzing glycosylation, co-expression and interaction patterns of EMA/MUC1 glycoprotein.
Development and Comparison of Highly Directional Loudspeakers (2006)

Highly directive loudspeakers have long been important tools for sound system designers, experimental acousticians, and many other professionals in the audio industry. They allow sound engineers to more easily manipulate the radiation pattern of their loudspeakers to accommodate the purpose of the venue. Many commercially available products, while exhibiting good directivity at mid and high frequencies, generally lack control in the low frequency range. A new method for controlling the radiation pattern of a loudspeaker at low frequencies has been developed and modeled extensively. Prototypes have been built and tested in an anechoic chamber. Results from computer modeling and experimental measurements will be presented and compared in this thesis.
ICDAR 2019 Competition on Harvesting Raw Tables from Infographics (CHART-Infographics) (2019)

This work summarizes the results of the first Competition on Harvesting Raw Tables from Infographics (ICDAR 2019 CHART-Infographics). The complex process of automatic chart recognition is divided into multiple tasks for the purpose of this competition, including Chart Image Classification (Task 1), Text Detection and Recognition (Task 2), Text Role Classification (Task 3), Axis Analysis (Task 4), Legend Analysis (Task 5), Plot Element Detection and Classification (Task 6.a), Data Extraction (Task 6.b), and End-to-End Data Extraction (Task 7). We provided a large synthetic training set and evaluated submitted systems using newly proposed metrics on both synthetic charts and manually-annotated real charts taken from scientific literature. A total of 8 groups registered for the competition out of which 5 submitted results for tasks 1-5. The results show that some tasks can be performed highly accurately on synthetic data, but all systems did not perform as well on real world charts. The data, annotation tools, and evaluation scripts have been publicly released for academic use.
Structural design and analysis of a cryogen-free open superconducting magnet for interventional MRI applications (1995)

The structural design and analysis of a cryogen-free open superconducting magnet for interventional MRI applications is presented. The magnet assembly consisted of two identical halves connected together by four posts. The magnet separation allows a surgeon access to the patient within the field-of-view of the imaging system. Each half of the assembly consisted of three superconducting coils, a stainless steel bobbin, a copper thermal ring, and three overwrap rings. The suspension components of the magnet consisted of eight radial straps and eight axial rods. A structural analysis was carried out that considered the differential thermal contraction caused by the cooldown to the magnet cryogenic operating temperature, and the electromagnetic forces on the coils when the magnet is energized at the design current value. The results are compared to the equivalent stresses caused by a simulation of a quench that was initiated at the inner diameter of one of the superconducting coils. The post-quench thermal transient analysis predicted a nonuniform 3-D temperature field in the range of 10 to 178 K and asymmetric electromagnetic forces on the superconducting coils. The three dimensional structural model of the assembly was developed in ANSYS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Intensity and polarization dependences of the supercontinuum generation in birefringent and highly nonlinear microstructured fibers (2004)

We present experimental results highlighting the physical mechanism responsible for the initial spectral broadening of femtosecond Ti:Sapphire pulses in a highly birefringent and nonlinear microstructured fiber.
Katalytische aerobe Oxidation von Cycloalkanen mit nanostrukturierten amorphen Metallen und Legierungen (1999)

Unter milden Bedingungen (40 atm O2, 28°C, 10–15 h) kann eine effiziente aerobe Oxidation von Cycloalkanen zu Cycloalkanolen mit nanostrukturierten amorphen Metallen wie Fe und Co und der amorphen Legierung Fe20Ni80 als Katalysator erzielt werden. Cyclohexan wird z. B. zu Cyclohexanol mit 32–41 % Umsatz oxidiert, während 1-Adamantanol aus Adamantan mit 52–57 % Umsatz gebildet wird.
Compact AWG-based optical channel monitor (OCM) for multi-degree ROADM (2007)

We successfully fabricated a compact AWG-based optical channel monitor (OCM) for a multi-degree ROADM. We also describe a novel OCM configuration with an 8-point x 48-channel monitoring function that uses only a 6-channel monitor PD.
Aging-related changes in lymphatic collectors predispose to pathogen dissemination in tissues (INC4P.342) (2015)

Abstract Herein we analyze how the aging process affects the structure and functionality of the lymphatic collectors (LCs) with reference to their ability to maintain pathogen clearance. Ultrastructural, biochemical and proteomic analysis indicated a loss of extracellular matrix proteins, an increase in protein oxidative modifications as well as activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling as sign of “low grade” inflammation in aged LCs. This resulted in a decrease in contractile and pumping activity of LCs, as measured in vivo. Functionally, this impairment also translated into a reduced ability for in vivo bacterial transport as determined by time-lapse microscopy. Ultrastructural and proteomic analysis also indicated a decrease in the thickness of the endothelial cell glycocalyx and loss of gap-junction proteins in aged LCs. Redox proteomic analysis mapped an aging-related increase in the glycation and carboxylation of endothelial cell glycocalyx structural proteins. Functionally, these modifications translated into higher ability of the pathogen to escape from aged LCs into the surrounding tissue. Altogether, our analysis mapped the complexity of the aging-related anatomical, biochemical and functional changes in LCs. The decreased ability to transport bacteria to the draining nodes, associated with increased bacterial escape in the surrounding tissue can contribute to the decreased ability of the immune system to clear pathogens in the elderly, as observed in immunosenescence.