gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
REVIEWS (1972)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access SOCIAL ACTION AND LEGAL CHANGE: REVOLUTION WITHIN THE JUVENILE COURT. By EDWIN M. LEMERT. [Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company. 1970. 248 PP. No Price stated.] Stanley Cohen Stanley Cohen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 12, Issue 1, January 1972, Pages 94–96, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a046362 Published: 01 January 1972
AIME: Watermarking AI Models by Leveraging Errors (2022)

The recent evolution of deep neural networks (DNNs) has made running complex data analytics tasks, which range from natural language processing, object detection to autonomous cars, artificial intelligence (AI) warfare, cloud, healthcare, industrial robots, and edge devices feasible. The benefits of AI are indisputable. However, there are several concerns regarding the security of the deployed AI models, such as reverse engineering and Intellectual Property (IP) piracy. Accumulating a sufficiently large amount of data - building, training, improvement, and model deployment require immense human and computational power, making the process expensive. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to protect the model against IP infringement. We propose AIME, a novel watermarking framework that captures model inaccuracy during the training phase and converts it into the owner-specific unique signature. The watermark is embedded within the class mispredictions of the DNN model. Watermark extraction is performed when the model is queried by an owner-specific sequence of key inputs, and the signature is decoded from the sequence of model predictions. AIME works with negligible watermark embedding runtime overhead while preserving the accurate functionality of the DNN. We have performed a comprehensive evaluation of AIME, which models on MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, and CIFAR-10 dataset and corroborated its effectiveness, robustness, and performance.
Low-threshold lasing from colloidal CdSe/CdSeTe core/alloyed-crown type-II heteronanoplatelets (2018)

Colloidal type-II heterostructures are believed to be a promising solution-processed gain medium given their spatially separated electrons and holes for the suppression of Auger recombination and their wider emission tuning range from the visible to near-infrared region. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) was achieved from colloidal type-II core/shell nanocrystals several years ago. However, due to the limited charge-transfer (CT) interfacial states and minimal overlap of electron and hole wave functions, the ASE threshold has still been very high. Herein, we achieved ASE through type-II recombination at a lower threshold using CdSe/CdSeTe core/alloyed-crown nanoplatelets. Random lasing was also demonstrated in the film of these nanoplatelets under sub-ns laser-pumping. Through a detailed carrier dynamics investigation using femtosecond transient absorption, steady state, and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies, we confirmed the type-II band alignment, and found that compared with normal CdSe/CdTe core/crown nanoplatelets (where no ASE/lasing was observed), CdSe/CdSeTe core/alloyed-crown nanoplatelets had a much higher PL quantum yield (75% vs. 31%), a ∼5-fold larger density of type-II charge-transfer states, a faster carrier transfer to interfaces (0.32 ps vs. 0.61 ps) and a slower Auger recombination lifetime (360 ps vs. 160 ps). Compared with CdSe/CdTe nanoplatelets, their counterparts with an alloyed crown boast a promoted charge transfer process, higher luminescence quantum yield, and smaller Auger rate, which results in their excellent application potential in solution-processed lasers and light-emitting devices.
Synthetic gene design to investigate the role of cis-acting DNA structural elements in regulation of gene expression in vivo. (1991)

To delineate the DNA structural elements responsible for transcriptional control in vivo, we have developed a novel approach taking advantage of the degeneracy of the genetic code. Using synthetic oligonucleotides as structural cassettes we have been able to replace, within a gene, segments of DNA coding for the same amino acid sequence but capable of adopting unusual DNA structures and monitor the effect of such structural elements on gene expression in vivo. We find that the presence of an inverted repeat sequence, with a potential to adopt cruciform structure, within the beta-galactosidase gene down regulates its expression in vivo.
Glucose intolerance in a xenotransplantation model: studies in alpha‐gal knockout mice (2006)

Xenotransplantation holds the promise of replacing failing human organs with organs of animal origin. Transplantation of pancreatic islets from pigs to humans might restore glucose homeostasis and offer diabetic patients considerable improvement in their quality of life. The alpha-gal epitope, present in all mammals except humans, apes and Old World monkeys, is a decisive obstruction to successful xenotransplantation of vascularized organs as the reaction of alpha-gal-bearing endothelia with natural alpha-gal antibodies in the human blood mediates hyperacute rejection of the xenograft. Alpha-galactosyl transferase knockout mice (alpha-GT KO) develop cataract, but no other lesions have been established in these mice. Here we report for the first time that alpha-GT KO mice have impaired glucose tolerance (p<0.001) and decreased insulin sensitivity (p<0.0001). Homeostasis model assessment shows impaired beta-cell function (p<0.05). Similar physiological changes have not been examined in the alpha-galactosyl transferase pig. However, an association between alpha-galactosyl transferase knockout and impaired beta-cell function could have critical importance for islet xenotransplantation.
Epilepsy and inborn errors of metabolism in adults: A diagnostic approach (2007)

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) represent poorly known causes of epilepsy in adulthood. Although rare, these are important to recognize for several reasons: some IEMs respond to specific treatments, some antiepileptic drugs interfering with metabolic pathways may worsen the clinical condition, and specific genetic counselling can be provided. We review IEMs potentially revealed by epilepsy that can be encountered in an adult neurology department. We distinguished progressive myoclonic epilepsies (observed in some lysosomal storage diseases, respiratory chain disorders and Lafora disease), from other forms of epilepsies (observed in disorders of intermediary metabolism, including porphyrias, creatine metabolism defects, glucose transporter (GLUT-1) deficiency, Wilson disease or succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency). We propose a diagnostic approach and point out clinical, radiological and electrophysiological features that suggest an IEM in an epileptic patient.
An Empirical Study on the Gender Pension Gap in Korea Occupational DB Pension Plans Using O-B Decomposition Method (2021)

본 연구는 확정급여형퇴직연금제도에 가입한 퇴직 근로자 4,120명을 대상으로 성별 연금격차가 존재하며 그 원인은 기준임금과 근속연수에 기인함을 실증 분석하였다. 또한 Oaxaca-Blinder 분해분석과 무조건분위회귀를 활용한 분해분석 방법을 적용한 결과에 의하면 여성의 평균 퇴직적립금이 남성의 23%에 해당하는 성별 연금격차가 존재함을 확인하였다. 아울러 이러한 성별 연금격차는 상대적으로 퇴직적립금의 상위 분위보다 하위 분위에서 격차가 더 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 결론적으로 최저연금제와 같은 소득 수준별 연금정책을 도입한다면 성별 연금격차를 효율적으로 감축할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Photoluminescent and electroluminescent Zn/sub 2/Si/sub 0.5/Ge/sub 0.5/O/sub 4/:Mn thin films for integrated optic devices (2002)

The optical, photoluminescent (PL), and electroluminescent (EL) properties of Zn/sub 2/Si/sub 0.5/Ge/sub 0.5/O/sub 4/:Mn (ZSG:Mn) have been studied in order to determine its viability as a light source for integrated optics systems. ZSG:Mn thin films were deposited at room temperature by RF-sputtering on Si substrates. EL devices (ELDs) were fabricated using transparent indium-tin oxide electrodes. ELDs using as-deposited ZSG:Mn films emitted bright orange light with a broad spectrum at 590-660 nm. Annealing at 700/spl deg/C resulted in a color shift to green emission in a band from 510 to 550 nm and peaking at 520 nm. Ridge waveguides fabricated by induction-coupled plasma etching yielded an optical loss of 3.8 dB/cm at 633 nm. Prism coupling experiments revealed a decrease in the film refractive index as the result of the anneal. The combination of strong PL, EL, and low waveguide loss demonstrates the strong potential of transition metal- and/or rare-earth-doped ZSG as a robust light source for integrated optic systems.
Loss of GPR3 reduces the amyloid plaque burden and improves memory in Alzheimer’s disease mouse models (2015)

The orphan G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein)-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR3 regulates activity of the γ-secretase complex in the absence of an effect on Notch proteolysis, providing a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, given the vast resources required to develop and evaluate any new therapy for AD and the multiple failures involved in translational research, demonstration of the pathophysiological relevance of research findings in multiple disease-relevant models is necessary before initiating costly drug development programs. We evaluated the physiological consequences of loss of Gpr3 in four AD transgenic mouse models, including two that contain the humanized murine Aβ sequence and express similar amyloid precursor protein (APP) levels as wild-type mice, thereby reducing potential artificial phenotypes. Our findings reveal that genetic deletion of Gpr3 reduced amyloid pathology in all of the AD mouse models and alleviated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Additional three-dimensional visualization and analysis of the amyloid plaque burden provided accurate information on the amyloid load, distribution, and volume in the structurally intact adult mouse brain. Analysis of 10 different regions in healthy human postmortem brain tissue indicated that GPR3 expression was stable during aging. However, two cohorts of human AD postmortem brain tissue samples showed a correlation between elevated GPR3 and AD progression. Collectively, these studies provide evidence that GPR3 mediates the amyloidogenic proteolysis of APP in four AD transgenic mouse models as well as the physiological processing of APP in wild-type mice, suggesting that GPR3 may be a potential therapeutic target for AD drug development.
ESCHERICHIA COLI K-12 AUXOTROPHS INDUCED BY INSERTION OF THE TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT Tn5 (1979)

The sites of insertion of the transposable kanamycin-neomycin resistance-determining element, Tn5, in the E. coli K-12 chromosome were assessed in a collection of over 300 auxotrophs. Although mutations in at least 45 different cistrons were obtained, the distribution of insertion sites was not completely random: proA or proB; cysG; and cysH, cysD or cysC mutants were found in excess.
Continuously Infusing Hyperpolarized 129Xe into Flowing Aqueous Solutions Using Hydrophobic Gas Exchange Membranes (2009)

Hyperpolarized (HP) (129)Xe yields high signal intensities in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and, through its large chemical shift range of approximately 300 ppm, provides detailed information about the local chemical environment. To exploit these properties in aqueous solutions and living tissues requires the development of methods for efficiently dissolving HP (129)Xe over an extended time period. To this end, we have used commercially available gas exchange modules to continuously infuse concentrated HP (129)Xe into flowing liquids, including rat whole blood, for periods as long as one hour and have demonstrated the feasibility of dissolved-phase MR imaging with submillimeter resolution within minutes. These modules, which exchange gases using hydrophobic microporous polymer membranes, are compatible with a variety of liquids and are suitable for infusing HP (129)Xe into the bloodstream in vivo. Additionally, we have developed a detailed mathematical model of the infused HP (129)Xe signal dynamics that should be useful in designing improved infusion systems that yield even higher dissolved HP (129)Xe signal intensities.
Effectiveness of R1-nj Anthocyanin Marker in the Identification of In Vivo Induced Maize Haploid Embryos (2023)

Doubled haploid (DH) technology has become integral to maize breeding programs to expedite inbred line development and increase the efficiency of breeding operations. Unlike many other plant species that use in vitro methods, DH production in maize uses a relatively simple and efficient in vivo haploid induction method. However, it takes two complete crop cycles for DH line generation, one for haploid induction and the other one for chromosome doubling and seed production. Rescuing in vivo induced haploid embryos has the potential to reduce the time for DH line development and improve the efficiency of DH line production. However, the identification of a few haploid embryos (~10%) resulting from an induction cross from the rest of the diploid embryos is a challenge. In this study, we demonstrated that an anthocyanin marker, namely <i>R1-nj</i>, which is integrated into most haploid inducers, can aid in distinguishing haploid and diploid embryos. Further, we tested conditions that enhance <i>R1-nj</i> anthocyanin marker expression in embryos and found that light and sucrose enhance anthocyanin expression, while phosphorous deprivation in the media had no affect. Validating the use of the <i>R1-nj</i> marker for haploid and diploid embryo identification using a gold standard classification based on visual differences among haploids and diploids for characteristics such as seedling vigor, erectness of leaves, tassel fertility, etc., indicated that the <i>R1-nj</i> marker could lead to significantly high false positives, necessitating the use of additional markers for increased accuracy and reliability of haploid embryo identification.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON ANALOGEN UND DERIVATEN DES RADICININ MIT MOEGLICHEM PHARMAZEUTISCHEN INTERESSE (1970)

Abstract Radicinin (I) ist ein isolierter Metabolit aus den Fermentationsbrühen von Stemphylium radicinum und verschiedener Curvalaria‐Spezies, das von biologischem Interesse ist.
System tolerance of 64-mm-diameter magneto-optical disks with a 4.7-Gigabyte capacity (2004)

We confirmed 64 mm-diameter magneto-optical disk systems of 4.7 Giga-byte have sufficiently wide system tolerance by domain-wall-displacement detection disks and land/groove substrates with one-side-wobbled grooves.
Auger electron spectroscopy analysis of the role of oxygen in the frictional behavior of steel lubricated with poly-α-olefin (1988)

Despite the fact that the major component of any lubricant package is the base oil, its reaction with the environment and substrate and the effect on the frictional behavior of the contact are not well understood. The present work was accomplished in a custom ultrahigh vacuum chamber that permits measurement of the friction coefficient during a ball-on-disk test and in situ Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) of disk surfaces tested under vacuum conditions. Results for 52100 steel lubricated with poly-α-olefin (synthetic base oil) show a more rapid decrease in contact life (distance slid to failure) with increasing load in vacuum than in air. Vacuum tests at an average Hertzian pressure of 550 MPa exhibited essentially zero life while tests in air at the same load survived 10 km of sliding. Preliminary AES results indicate that maintenance of a thick oxide is connected with extended contact life.
Closed-Loop Precoding and Capacity Analysis for Multiple-Antenna Wireless Systems With User Radiation Exposure Constraints (2015)

Mobile handsets, classified as portable devices, are regulated on the amount of user electromagnetic exposure. The widely accepted exposure measurement is the specific absorption rate (SAR). Despite the prevalence of SAR constraints throughout the world, there has been barely any work on the design and analysis of communication signals for SAR-constrained wireless systems. In this paper, we show that multiple-antenna systems greatly reduce the SAR measurements when proper precoders are used. Fifth-generation (5G) and beyond cellular systems will be expected to support high rate uplinks, making multiple transmit antennas on user equipment a necessity. Our proposed SAR-aware transmission for multiple-antenna systems can be applied in 5G handsets to reduce the SAR and increase the rate. Assuming that channel knowledge is available at the transmitter and the receiver, we perform capacity analysis for multiple-antenna systems under both transmit power and SAR constraints. Analytical and numerical results demonstrate substantial performance improvements over schemes that ignore the SAR constraint. Our work shows that SAR-constrained precoders have structures similar to precoders designed for spatially correlated channels.
Identification of the Novel Membrane-Associated Protein AgK114 on Hamster Keratinocytes Recognized by a Monoclonal Antibody K114 (2004)

We have established a monoclonal antibody K114 (mAbK114) against hamster keratinocytes. The mAbK114 recognizes a 50-95 kDa cell-surface protein that is expressed restrictedly in the dermal sheath cells near the bulge area of the hair follicle and in the differentiated sebocytes of the normal adult hamster skin. Upon being cultured in vitro, however, the keratinocytes strongly and transiently expressed this novel K114 antigen (AgK114) in spite of low expression level of AgK114 by the freshly prepared keratinocytes. The cDNA of AgK114 was isolated by expression cloning using mAbK114. Sequence analysis revealed that it had 242 amino acid residues with a signal peptide at the N terminus, potential six N-glycosylation sites, a characteristic repetitive threonine rich domain, and a possible glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring site near the C terminus. We examined various conditions in which expression of AgK114 was enhanced in vivo. Interestingly, AgK114 molecule was expressed accompanying tissue damages of the skin. It was transiently induced in basal epidermal keratinocytes after UV exposure. In addition, AgK114 was also induced in elongating edge epidermal keratinocytes during tissue regeneration after an excised wounding. These results suggest that AgK114 is involved in the recovering process from injury.
Nanotechnology for therapy and imaging of liver diseases (2011)

Nanotechnology has been considered for the improved delivery of various therapeutic agents, including drugs and genes. Indeed, liposomes and nanoparticles equipped with homing devices for the targeting of receptors over-expressed on the hepatic tissue have improved the treatment of various liver diseases. In this review, various nanotechnology approaches employed for the treatment/imaging of liver disease, either in preclinical or in clinic are discussed.
Stanniocalcin: a novel protein regulating calcium and phosphate transport across mammalian intestine (1998)

Stanniocalcin (STC) is an anti-hypercalcemic glycoprotein hormone previously identified in the corpuscles of Stannius in bony fish and recently in the human genome. This study undertook to express human STC in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and to determine its effects on calcium and phosphate absorption in swine and rat intestine. Unidirectional mucosal-to-serosal (Jm-->s) and serosal-to-mucosal (Js-->m) 45Ca and 32P fluxes were measured in vitro in duodenal tissue in voltage-clamped Ussing chambers. Addition of STC (10-100 ng/ml) to the serosal surface of the duodenum resulted in a simultaneous increase in calcium Jm-->s and Js-->m fluxes, with a subsequent reduction in net calcium absorption. This was coupled with an STC-stimulated increase in phosphate absorption. Intestinal conductance was increased at the highest dose of STC (100 ng/ml) in swine tissue. The addition of STC to the mucosal surface had no effect on calcium and phosphate fluxes. STC at doses of 10-1,000 ng/ml had no effect on short-circuit current in any region of the rat intestine. In conclusion, human recombinant STC decreases the absorption of calcium and stimulates the absorption of phosphate in both swine and rat duodenum. STC is a novel regulatory protein that regulates mammalian intestinal calcium and phosphate transport.
Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of two types of larval β-globin mRNAs ofXenopus laevis (1985)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the cDNA insert of the clone pXGL25 derived from the larval beta II-globin mRNA of Xenopus laevis has been determined. The sequence of 593 nucleotides represents part of the 5'nontranslated region, the coding region for 146 amino acids and the entire 3'nontranslated region. It diverges from the related larval beta I-sequence by 24.9% in the coding region. Alignment of the 5' and 3'nontranslated regions of the two related larval beta-sequences to maximum matching resulted in 31.2% and 46.7% divergence, respectively. Divergence between the corresponding adult and larval sequences considerably exceeds that of related larval sequences, suggesting that larval genes may have arisen by gene duplication prior to genome duplication. In contrast to mammalian beta-globin mRNAs, replacement and silent base substitutions are equally abundant, thus indicating less functional constraint on the larval Xenopus laevis beta-globin chains. The larval beta I- and beta II-globins diverge by 30.8% and show most variation in the alpha 1/beta 2-chain interaction sites.
Modulating Conductivity in Materials by Design: Battery Relevant Study of Ag + on the Exposed Surface of Ag 1.13 Mn 8 O 16 Nanowires (2017)

Design and development of novel materials can have a profound impact on the electrochemical properties of energy storage systems. Silver ion when electrochemically reduced to generate conductive silver metal in-situ can provide enhanced conductivity in electrochemical energy storage systems. In this research, Ag2O surface modified silver hollandite (AgxMn8O16, α-MnO2 structure) has been successfully synthesized and its physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties have been studied. The electrochemical tests indicate a higher functional capacity can be delivered with higher Ag2O loading, consistent with an increase in the electric conductivity of the material. This result demonstrates the ability to modulate conductivity in materials by design.
Supplementary Figure SF1 from Novel Paired Normal Prostate and Prostate Cancer Model Cell Systems Derived from African American Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1: A) Results obtained from analyses of 15 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci identify the male locus amelogenin. The profile of L/P4T is unique. No mouse DNA was detected for this sample. B) Karyotype of AP4T. Of 20 metaphases counted, 5 metaphases were analyzed. 3 metaphases were then karyotyped at 425 banding resolution. The image shows the 46,XY, male karyotype. Normal karyotype (male) within the limits of resolution attained. C) Cell growth and morphology under CR condition. Non-cancerous and cancerous cells derived from AP4 were expanded using CR condition. The images of 10x and 20x are from passage 1 and stained with H&amp;E. The bottom image shows clonogenic growth of epithelial cells and J2 fibroblasts after 4 days and 7 days of culture. On day 7, clonogenic epithelial cells are marked in yellow arrow and J2 fibroblasts in cyan blue arrow.&lt;/p&gt;