gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Updated Generation IV Reactors Integrated Materials Technology Program Plan, Revision 2 (2005)

The Department of Energy's (DOE's) Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Program will address the research and development (R&D) necessary to support next-generation nuclear energy systems. Such R&D will be guided by the technology roadmap developed for the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) over two years with the participation of over 100 experts from the GIF countries. The roadmap evaluated over 100 future systems proposed by researchers around the world. The scope of the R&D described in the roadmap covers the six most promising Generation IV systems. The effort ended in December 2002 with the issue of the final Generation IV Technology Roadmap [1.1]. The six most promising systems identified for next generation nuclear energy are described within the roadmap. Two employ a thermal neutron spectrum with coolants and temperatures that enable hydrogen or electricity production with high efficiency (the Supercritical Water Reactor - SCWR and the Very High Temperature Reactor - VHTR). Three employ a fast neutron spectrum to enable more effective management of actinides through recycling of most components in the discharged fuel (the Gas-cooled Fast Reactor - GFR, the Lead-cooled Fast Reactor - LFR, and the Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor - SFR). The Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) employs a circulating liquid fuel mixture that offers considerable flexibility for recycling actinides, and may provide an alternative to accelerator-driven systems. A few major technologies have been recognized by DOE as necessary to enable the deployment of the next generation of advanced nuclear reactors, including the development and qualification of the structural materials needed to ensure their safe and reliable operation. Accordingly, DOE has identified materials as one of the focus areas for Gen IV technology development.
Inducing Rules of Ensemble Music Performance : A Machine Learning Approach (2013)

Previous research in expressive music performance has described how solo musicians intuitively shape each note in relation to local/global score contexts. However, expression in ensemble performances, where each individual voice is played simultaneously with other voices, has been little explored. We present an exploratory study in which the performance of a string quartet is recorded and analysed by a computer. We use contact microphones to acquire four audio signals from which a set of audio descriptors is extracted individually for each musician. Moreover, we use motion capture to extract bowing descriptors (bow velocity/force) from each of the four performers. The gathered multimodal data is used to align the performance to the score. Then, from the aligned data streams, we obtain a note-by-note description of the performance by extracting note performance parameters. We apply machine-learning algorithms to induce human-readable rules emerging from the data. The dataset consists of three performances of Beethoven’s quartet n° 4 in C minor by a group of professional musicians: a “normal”, a “mechanical” and an “over-emphasized” execution. We run our analysis on the three conditions separately as well as jointly, deriving rules specific to each condition and rules of general domain. Apart from encoding knowledge of expressive performance, the results shed light on how musicians' roles in ensemble performance.
Second generation gold nanobeacons for robust K-edge imaging with multi-energy CT (2012)

Spectral CT is the newest advancement in CT imaging technology, which enhances traditional CT images with the capability to image and quantify certain elements based on their distinctive K-edge energies. K-edge imaging feature recognizes high accumulations of targeted elements and presents them as colorized voxels against the normal grayscale X-ray background offering promise to overcome the relatively low inherent contrast within soft tissue and distinguish the high attenuation of calcium from contrast enhanced targets. Towards this aim, second generation gold nanobeacons (GNB(2)), which incorporate at least five times more metal than the previous generation was developed. The particles were synthesized as lipid-encapsulated, vascularly constrained (>120 nm) nanoparticle incorporating tiny gold nanoparticles (2-4 nm) within a polysorbate core. The choice of core material dictated to achieve a higher metal loading. The particles were thoroughly characterized by physicochemical techniques. This study reports one of the earlier examples of spectral CT imaging with gold nanoparticles demonstrating the potential for targeted in vitro and in vivo imaging and eliminates calcium interference with CT. The use of statistical image reconstruction shows high SNR may allow dose reduction and/or faster scan times.
Interface Bonding With Corneal Crosslinking (CXL) After LASIK Ex Vivo (2017)

Based on ex-vivo results, interface bonding after LASIK using crosslinking with either rose bengal or riboflavin increases the adhesion between flap and stromal bed. In vivo trials are needed to evaluate the temporal evolution of the effect.
Modeling and Estimating Current Harmonics of Variable Electronic Loads (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper develops a model for relating input current harmonic content to real power consumption for variable electronic loads, specifically for loads' actively controlled inverters energized by an uncontrolled rectification of the utility. This model serves as the basis for a method for estimating and disaggregating the power consumption of variable speed drives (VSDs) and rectifier loads from other constant power loads. This method can be used for nonintrusive power monitoring. The approach described in this paper uses the approximate switching function of the rectifier to derive the best estimating function for the fundamental current harmonic from a finite set of current harmonics uniquely associated with the operation of the drive. Experimental results show that the proposed VSD power and harmonic estimator can track VSD power consumption for monitoring given knowledge or an estimate of the input current harmonic content. </para>
Are allergic multimorbidities and IgE polysensitization associated with the persistence or re‐occurrence of foetal type 2 signalling? The MeDALL hypothesis (2015)

Allergic diseases [asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis (AD)] are complex. They are associated with allergen-specific IgE and nonallergic mechanisms that may coexist in the same patient. In addition, these diseases tend to cluster and patients present concomitant or consecutive diseases (multimorbidity). IgE sensitization should be considered as a quantitative trait. Important clinical and immunological differences exist between mono- and polysensitized subjects. Multimorbidities of allergic diseases share common causal mechanisms that are only partly IgE-mediated. Persistence of allergic diseases over time is associated with multimorbidity and/or IgE polysensitization. The importance of the family history of allergy may decrease with age. This review puts forward the hypothesis that allergic multimorbidities and IgE polysensitization are associated and related to the persistence or re-occurrence of foetal type 2 signalling. Asthma, rhinitis and AD are manifestations of a common systemic immune imbalance (mesodermal origin) with specific patterns of remodelling (ectodermal or endodermal origin). This study proposes a new classification of IgE-mediated allergic diseases that allows the definition of novel phenotypes to (i) better understand genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, (ii) better stratify allergic preschool children for prognosis and (iii) propose novel strategies of treatment and prevention.
Constant Envelope Massive MIMO-OFDM Precoding: an Improved Formulation and Solution (2020)

Constant Envelope (CE) precoding is an efficient technique for systems based on massive antenna arrays since the constant amplitude of the transmit signal facilitates the use of power efficient non-linear transmitter circuitry, such as power amplifiers (PAs). On the other hand, Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a well-known multicarrier transmission scheme which is used to mitigate the effects of multipath propagation, but usually leads to high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR). Herein, the problem of CE MIMO-OFDM precoding for transmission over frequency selective channels is tackled. First, a novel efficient formulation is proposed, where the precoding problem is formulated as an unconstrained nonlinear least-squares problem. Next, using the new formulation the problem is solved using the Gauss-Newton algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed solution is more efficient than the current state of the art techniques both from the aspect of computational complexity and the overall system performance.
Printability of elastomer latex for additive manufacturing or 3D printing (2015)

ABSTRACT Additive manufacturing, sometimes referred to as 3D printing is a new, rapidly developing technology which has the potential to revolutionize fabrication of certain high value, complex products. Until now conventional elastomers have not been widely used in the additive manufacturing process. The goal of our work was to determine the feasibility of additive manufacturing using ink jet printing of elastomeric latex materials. Particle size, viscosity, and surface tension were measured for five different latex materials—poly(2‐chloro‐1,3‐butadiene), carboxylated styrene‐butadiene rubber, carboxylated butadiene‐acrylonitrile copolymer, natural rubber, and prevulcanized natural rubber. The XSBR latex was predicted as the one most likely to be printable. Printing trials carried out with the XSBR as the ink proved it to be printable, although technical problems of agglomeration and print head clogging need to be addressed and both the material and process need to be optimized for consistent printing to be achieved. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 42931.
Supplementary Fig. S1 from Potentiation of antileukemic therapies by Smac mimetic, LBW242: effects on mutant FLT3-expressing cells (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S1 from Potentiation of antileukemic therapies by Smac mimetic, LBW242: effects on mutant FLT3-expressing cells
High Performance Extremely Thin Body InGaAs-on-Insulator Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors on Si Substrates with Ni–InGaAs Metal Source/Drain (2011)

The extremely thin body (ETB) InGaAs-on-insulator (-OI) metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) on Si substrates were demonstrated by using Ni–InGaAs alloy metal source/drain (S/D). It has been found that a light doping concentration of ∼1016 cm-3 and indium-rich InGaAs channels (In0.7Ga0.3As) provide a high mobility of 1700 cm2 V-1 s-1 even in the channel thickness of 10 nm. This is the first demonstration of ETB III–V-OI MOSFETs combined with the metal S/D technology. We have also achieved excellent ID–VG characteristics with an Ion/Ioff ratio of over 105 and low SS of 120 mV/dec in 5-nm-thick In0.7Ga0.3As-OI MOSFETs.
Fabrication and Optical Characterization of Facet-Controlled ELO (FACELO) GaN by LP-MOVPE (2001)

The fabrication and characterization of GaN grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) using Facet Controlled Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth (FACELO) technique were carried out. The density and distribution of threading dislocations (TDs) in the GaN epitaxial layer strongly depended on the ELO mask and window widths, and were related to facet structures during the ELO process. It was found that tilt and twist of c-axis in the FACELO GaN was very small. The temperature dependence of PL spectra of the FACELO GaN exhibits that the quality of the crystal is fairly good.
Integrated transcriptomic analysis of human tuberculosis granulomas and a biomimetic model identifies therapeutic targets (2021)

Tuberculosis (TB) is a persistent global pandemic, and standard treatment for it has not changed for 30 years. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has undergone prolonged coevolution with humans, and patients can control Mtb even after extensive infection, demonstrating the fine balance between protective and pathological host responses within infected granulomas. We hypothesized that whole transcriptome analysis of human TB granulomas isolated by laser capture microdissection could identify therapeutic targets, and that comparison with a noninfectious granulomatous disease, sarcoidosis, would identify disease-specific pathological mechanisms. Bioinformatic analysis of RNAseq data identified numerous shared pathways between TB and sarcoidosis lymph nodes, and also specific clusters demonstrating TB results from a dysregulated inflammatory immune response. To translate these insights, we compared 3 primary human cell culture models at the whole transcriptome level and demonstrated that the 3D collagen granuloma model most closely reflected human TB disease. We investigated shared signaling pathways with human disease and identified 12 intracellular enzymes as potential therapeutic targets. Sphingosine kinase 1 inhibition controlled Mtb growth, concurrently reducing intracellular pH in infected monocytes and suppressing inflammatory mediator secretion. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that sphingosine kinase 1 is expressed in human lung TB granulomas, and therefore represents a host therapeutic target to improve TB outcomes.
Resistance gene discovery and cloning by sequence capture and association genetics (2018)

Genetic resistance is the most economic and environmentally sustainable approach for crop disease protection. Disease resistance (R) genes from wild relatives are a valuable resource for breeding resistant crops. However, introgression of R genes into crops is a lengthy process often associated with co-integration of deleterious linked genes 1, 2 and pathogens can rapidly evolve to overcome R genes when deployed singly 3 . Introducing multiple cloned R genes into crops as a stack would avoid linkage drag and delay emergence of resistance-breaking pathogen races 4 . However, current R gene cloning methods require segregating or mutant progenies 5–10 , which are difficult to generate for many wild relatives due to poor agronomic traits. We exploited natural pan-genome variation in a wild diploid wheat by combining association genetics with R gene enrichment sequencing (AgRenSeq) to clone four stem rust resistance genes in &lt;6 months. RenSeq combined with diversity panels is therefore a major advance in isolating R genes for engineering broad-spectrum resistance in crops.
Orderly ε-Homotopies of Discrete Chains (2012)

I inspect a method of discrete homotopy devised by my advisor, Dr. Conrad Plaut, and Dr. Valera Berestovskii of Omsk State University for constructing covering spaces of arbitrary metric spaces. Itself a simple analog to the notion of path homotopy in the field of Topology, e-homotopy uses chains governed by some distance e instead of paths and defines a finite process of steps to imitate the concept of continuous deformation. I prove that when there exists an e-homotopy between two chains, there must also exist at least one such homotopy with the steps ordered in a specific way. Studying general metric spaces with these discrete chains and homotopies may prove useful, since many geodesic spaces do not have simply connected covering spaces.
An Effective Methodology to Multi-objective Design of Application Domain-specific Embedded Architectures (2009)

Today's computer systems have become unbelievably complex. Nowadays register-level design is an overwhelming task, especially in the embedded system area where the time-to-market is very short. Platform based design shifts the challenge on how to tune parametric platforms to achieve the best performance at the smallest cost. This task, called multi-objective design space exploration, requires accurate strategies because the design space is too vast to be exhaustively evaluated. Even using efficient exploration strategies proposed in the literature, simulation times can become a bottleneck in the design flow. In this work we propose a novel approach to application-domain design space exploration using a multi-objective genetic algorithm and employing HPC to reduce exploration times. The genetic algorithm is preceded by a correlation analysis of the different objectives. The search space is thus reduced by combining highly correlated objectives from different domains. We describe the steps needed to parallelize the exploration on the grid, and present the results of extensive testing of the proposed approach. We obtained over one order of magnitude reduction in exploration times without hampering the quality of the solutions. Shorter simulation times allow more ideas to be explored in less time. This leads to shorter product time-to-market and a more thorough design space exploration. Furthermore the combination of correlated objectives favors the design of modern multi-purpose devices.
Precise ultrasonic coating and controlled release of sirolimus with biodegradable polymers for drug-eluting stent (2014)

In the current study, a drug-eluting stent coated with biodegradable polymers and sirolimus was developed by using an ultrasonic nanocoater and characterized in aspects of surface smoothness and coating thickness. In addition, in vitro release profiles of sirolimus by changing top coating layer with different biodegradable polymers were investigated. Smooth surfaces with variable thickness could be fabricated by optimizing polymer concentration, flow rate, nozzle-tip distance, gas pressure, various solvents and ultrasonic power. Smooth surface could be generated by using volatile solvents (acetone, chloroform, and methylene chloride) or post-treating with solvent vapor. Coating thickness could be controlled by varying injection volume or polymer concentration, and higher concentration could reduce the coating time while obtaining the same thickness. The thickness measurement was the most effectively performed by a conventional cutting method among three different methods that were investigated in this study. Release profiles of sirolimus were effectively controlled by changing polymers for top layer. PLGA made the release rate 3 times faster than PDLLA and PLLA and all top layers prevented burst release at the initial phase of profiles. Our results will provide useful and informative knowledge for developing drug-eluting stents, especially coated with biodegradable polymers.
Design and VLSI Implementation for a WCDMA Multipath Searcher (2005)

The third generation (3G) of cellular communications standards is based on wideband CDMA. The wideband signal experiences frequency selective fading due to multipath propagation. To mitigate this effect, a RAKE receiver is typically used to coherently combine the signal energy received on different multipaths. An effective multipath searcher is, therefore, required to identify the delayed versions of the transmitted signal with low probability of false alarm and misdetection. This paper presents an efficient and novel WCDMA multipath searcher design and VLSI architecture that provides a good compromise between complexity, performance, and power consumption. Novel multipath searcher algorithms such as time domain interleaving and peak detection are also presented. The proposed searcher was implemented in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and requires only 150 k gates for a total area of 1.5 mm/sup 2/ consuming 6.6 mw at 100 MHz. The functionality and performance of the searcher was verified under realistic conditions using a channel emulator.
Automated Discovery and Optimization of 3D Topological Photonic Crystals (2022)

Topological photonic crystals have received considerable attention for their ability to manipulate and guide light in unique ways. They are typically designed by hand based on careful analysis of their bands and mode profiles, but recent theoretical advances have revealed new and powerful insights into the connection between band symmetry, connectivity, and topology. Here we propose a combined global and local optimization framework that integrates a flexible symmetry-constrained level-set parameterization with standard gradient-free optimization algorithms to optimize topological photonic crystals, a problem setting where the objective function may be highly non-convex and non-continuous. Our framework can be applied to any symmetry-identifiable band topology, and we demonstrate its applicability to several prominent kinds of three-dimensional band topology, namely $Γ$-enforced nodal lines, Weyl points, and Chern insulators. Requiring no prior examples of topological photonic crystals or prior knowledge on the connection between structure and band topology, our approach indicates a path towards the automated discovery of novel topological photonic crystal designs.
State of the Art in Preservation of Fluid Biospecimens (2011)

Fluid biospecimens (blood, serum, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid and bronchial lavage fluid) contain not only cells and subcellular components, but also proteins, enzymes, lipids, metabolites, and peptides, which are utilized as biomarkers. Availability of high-quality biospecimens is a requirement for biomarker discovery. The quality of the biospecimens depends upon preanalytical variables (ie, collection and processing techniques, freeze/thaw stability, and storage stability), which account for >60%-90% of the diagnostic errors. Currently, millions of fluid biospecimens are stored in hundreds of biorepositories across the nation, and tens of thousands of new biospecimens are added to the pool daily. Specimen stabilization is imperative, because fluid biospecimens degrade quickly when kept untreated at room temperature. Achieving a high-quality fluid biospecimen requires understanding the effects of storage processing parameters (eg, freezing and thawing as well as cryo-/lyoprotectant additives) and storage conditions on biomarkers contained within the biospecimens. In this article, we will discuss the main issues related to the stabilization of specific biofluids by reviewing (a) the current preservation and storage practices applied in biobanks/biorepositories and (b) the sensitivity of certain biomarkers to current storage techniques.
Supplementary Data from [<sup>89</sup>Zr]ZrDFO-CR011 PET Correlates with Response to Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma B–targeted Therapy in Triple-negative Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Data from [&lt;sup&gt;89&lt;/sup&gt;Zr]ZrDFO-CR011 PET Correlates with Response to Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma B–targeted Therapy in Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Intrinsic improvement of diffraction-limited resolution in optical MEMS fourier-transform spectrometers (2014)

High resolution MEMS FTIR spectrometers are now of growing interest on both the academic and industrial levels. Such spectrometers are characterized by their small compact size, high speed of response and the use of optical fiber coupling. The main optical MEMS engine of the spectrometer is an interferometer with a moving mirror displaced using a MEMS actuator. The resolution of the FTIR spectrometer is related to the travel distance of the moving mirror but with a lower limit restricted by the divergence angle of the input light to the spectrometer; an effect called self-apodization. In this work, we analyze this effect within the MEMS systems, in which the size of the optical components is in the order of 50-300 μm limited by the microfarbication technology. We show analytically and experimentally that the resolution is intrinsically improved 5-10 times relative to the values directly predicted by the input light divergence angle.