gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PVT compensated high selectivity low‐power balun LNA for MedRadio communication (2018)

A single‐to‐differential low‐noise amplifier (LNA) is proposed for low‐power medical devices in the frequency band of 401–406 MHz. The proposed LNA avoids the use of surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter and additional balun in RF receiver front‐end. The LNA comprises inductive degeneration common source (IDCS) technique (stage I) and a cascaded common source circuit (stage II). The stage‐II is stacked on top of stage‐I. The proposed balun LNA incorporates single to differential (SD) conversion for minimum gain and phase error. A compensation bias circuit is proposed to minimise variations in parameters of LNA against process corners, supply voltage and temperature (PVT). An upsurge balun LNA is designed in UMC 0.18‐µm CMOS technology, the DC power consumption is 290 µW under a supply voltage of 1 V and the minimum noise figure is 3 dB. The die area of LNA including buffers and bias circuit is 850 µm × 978 µm. The worst‐case post layout simulation results show a gain and phase error of 0.8 dB and 10°. The percentage variation of gain and NF against PVT is reduced by 55 and 48%. Furthermore, the balun LNA has out of band rejection at the roll‐off rate better than 70 dB/dec.
A dual-model approach to blind quality assessment of noisy images (2013)

Physiological and psychological evidences exist that the human visual system (HVS) has different behavioral patterns under low and high noise/artifact levels. We propose in this paper a dual-model approach to blind or no-reference (NR) image quality assessment (IQA) of noisy images through differentiating near-threshold and suprathreshold noise conditions. The underlying assumption for the proposed dual-model method is that for images with low level near-threshold noise, HVS tries to gauge the strength of the noise, so the image quality can be well approximated via measuring strength of the noise. And for images with their contents overwhelmed by high level suprathreshold noise, the HVS tries to recover meaningful structure from the noisy pixels using past experiences and prior knowledge encoded into an internal generative model of the brain. So image quality is closely related to the agreement between the noisy observation and the internal generative model explainable part of the image. More specifically, under the near-threshold noise condition, a noise level estimation algorithm based on natural image statistics is used, while under suprathreshold condition, an active inference model based on the free energy principle is adopted. The near-and suprathreshold models can be seamlessly integrated through a transformation between both estimates. The proposed dual-model algorithm has been tested on additive Gaussian noise contaminated images. Experimental results and comparative studies suggest that although being a no-reference approach, the proposed algorithm has prediction accuracy comparable to some of the best full-reference (FR) IQA methods.
Oligomer Molecule (2017)

IUPAC recommendations on source-based nomenclature for single-strand polymers have so far addressed its application mainly to copolymers, non-linear polymers and polymer assemblies, and within generic source-based nomenclature of polymers. In this document, rules are formulated for devising a satisfactory source-based name for a polymer, whether homopolymer or copolymer, which are as clear and rigorous as possible. Thus, the source-based system for naming polymers is presented in a totality that serves as a user-friendly alternative to the structure-based system of polymer nomenclature. In addition, because of their widespread and established use, recommendations for the use of traditional names of polymers are also elaborated.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated in the HD7 to HD15 Trials: A Report From the German Hodgkin Study Group (2019)

The overall outcome of patients with NLPHL who had received Hodgkin lymphoma-directed first-line treatment in randomized GHSG trial protocols was good. Nonetheless, treatment optimization is still necessary to reduce toxicity in standard-risk patients and to improve the prognosis in high-risk patients.
372. U1 snRNA-Mediated Correction of a Splicing Error of the Dopa Decarboxylase Gene (2016)

Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is an inborn error of monoamine neurotransmitter synthesis that resulted in dopamine and serotonin deficiency. The DDC gene founder mutation IVS6+4A>T is highly prevalent in Chinese patients with AADC deficiency. In this study, we employed U1 snRNA to correct this splicing error. We first used a modified U1 snRNA sequence (IVS-AAA) that matched both the mutated nucleotide and exonic U1 binding sequences corrected the splicing error of both mutated human DDC minigene and mouse artificial splicing construct in vitro. We further injected an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector to express IVS-AAA in the brain of a knock-in mouse model with either 1×1010 vg or 2×1010 vg per mouse. This treatment was well-tolerated and slightly improved the survival and brain dopamine levels of mice with AADC deficiency. Therefore, U1 snRNA-mediated gene therapy can be a promising method to treat genetic diseases caused by splicing errors, but the efficiency of such a treatment needs improvements.
Transient Self-Heating at Nanowire Junctions in Silver Nanowire Network Conductors (2018)

Nanostructured transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) may be suitable replacements for transparent conductive oxides due to their optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Because nanowire (NW) nanowire or tube-tube junctions are the transport bottlenecks in network-based conductors, understanding the properties of these junctions and their connectivity within the network is crucial to understanding and controlling electrical conduction through these networks. Quantifying local self-heating within the network can provide information on the coupled electrothermal response, local conduction pathways, and potential reliability. In this study, self-heating thermal transients within a silver NW network are characterized using high-resolution transient thermoreflectance imaging that provides high temporal (~200 ns) and spatial (~200 nm) resolution. The self-heating induced by an applied voltage pulse results in distinct temperature changes at microscopic hotspots formed at individual NW-NW junctions. For both heating and cooling cycles, thermal time constants less than 1 μs are observed at various hotspots. For a representative hotspot, line scans along two crossing NWs, taken at different time instants ranging from 0 to 2 μs, show the temporal and spatial evolution of the temperature profile. We estimate the van der Waals force (~-4.0244 N), contact width (~5 nm), and interface thermal resistance (~1.6 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> K/W) between NWs and the underlying substrate. A heat transfer model that considers local power generated at a hotspot, local coupling between the NWs and substrate, heat conduction along the NWs and heat transfer into the substrate, is developed and used to interpret the experimental data. The heat transfer model and experimental temperature profile help to quantify the local power generated at the hotspot and the fraction of this power propagating along each wire. The ability to resolve the local self-heating with such temporal and spatial resolution uniquely enables understanding of electrothermal response and current pathways in the distributed conductors.
Genome Engineering of Eubacterium limosum Using Expanded Genetic Tools and the CRISPR-Cas9 System (2019)

<i>Eubacterium limosum</i> is one of the important bacteria in C<sub>1</sub> feedstock utilization as well as in human gut microbiota. Although <i>E. limosum</i> has recently garnered much attention and investigation on a genome-wide scale, a bottleneck for systematic engineering in <i>E. limosum</i> is the lack of available genetic tools and an efficient genome editing platform. To overcome this limitation, we here report expanded genetic tools and the CRISPR-Cas9 system. We have developed an inducible promoter system that enables implementation of the CRISPR-Cas9 system to precisely manipulate target genes of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway with 100% efficiency. Furthermore, we exploited the effectiveness of CRISPR interference to reduce the expression of target genes, exhibiting substantial repression of several genes in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and fructose-PTS system. These expanded genetic tools and CRISPR-Cas9 system comprise powerful and widely applicable genetic tools to accelerate functional genomic study and genome engineering in <i>E. limosum</i>.
A Multi-Transform Search Algorithms to Enhance H.264/AVC Performance (2006)

We propose to extend the basic H.264/AVC by the adding several linear transformations in the transform phase of the encoder. The proposed extension improves the performance of the video compression. We define a criteria and an algorithm that identifies several linear transformations that improve the output of the AVC encoder. First, we analyze the discrete cosine transform (DCT). If it fails to provide satisfactory compressed output we provide additional transforms to replace it. We consider the standard H264/AVC as the basic scheme to which we add the transforms. Each added transform that replaces the DCT should enhance the quality of the encoder output. We use training data that is extracted from applying the H.264/AVC encoder on real video data sets. The algorithm divides the training data into several subgroups. Then a transform is found to each sub-group. The transform search is performed offline on a large-scale residual data that was created from several movies. Although these transforms fit specific video contents they also provide good performance on different contents while maintaining similar compression gain. By modifying linear transformation instead of a dividing the data into several subgroups a significant complexity reduction is achieved. The minimization of cost function splits the residual data into two groups. The process is repeated recursively to obtain additional transforms. This coding process provides the encoder with a freedom to choose for each block of data, which transform to use from an available collection of transforms that provide significant compression gain when using the rate distortion optimization algorithm developed in. By adding three transforms to the integer-transform (DCT version of the H.264/AVC) the required bit-rate for inter-coding of residual data is reduced by up to 30% without any degradation in the PSNR. The proposed method can also be used in other block-based coding schemes.
Experimental induction of corpora amylacea‐like inclusions in rat astroglia (1995)

Corpora amylacea (CA) are glycoproteinaceous inclusions that accumulate in the human central nervous system during normal ageing, and to an even greater extent in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. They are particularly prominent in subpial and subependymal regions, and are most commonly located within astrocytes and their processes. We previously demonstrated that human CA share many tinctorial and histochemical properties in common with Gomori-positive cytoplasmic granules which accumulate in periventricular astrocytes of the ageing vertebrate brain and in rat astroglial cultures exposed to the sulphydryl agent, cysteamine (CSH). In the present study, long-term exposure of neonatal rat astrocyte cultures to CSH resulted in the formation of large spherical, PAS-positive cytoplasmic inclusions which are highly reminiscent of, if not identical to, human CA. As in the case of human CA and Gomori-positive astrocyte granules, the CSH-induced CA-like inclusions exhibit non-enzymatic peroxidase activity and consistent immunolabelling with antibodies directed against the mitochondrial protein, sulphite oxidase. Taken together, our findings suggest that progressive mitochondrial damage and macroautophagy play an important role in the biogenesis of CA (and Gomori-positive granules) in astrocytes of the ageing periventricular brain.
Prognostic biomarkers in patients with human immunodeficiency virus‐positive disease with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2017)

Disease site has significant effect on the expression of biomarkers. Expression of tumor TGF-β could be a valuable addition to the conventional risk stratification equation for improving head and neck cancer disease management strategies.
Broadcast Channel Games: Equilibrium Characterization and a MIMO MAC-BC\n Game Duality (2013)

The emergence of heterogeneous decentralized networks without a central\ncontroller, such as device-to-device communication systems, has created the\nneed for new problem frameworks to design and analyze the performance of such\nnetworks. As a key step towards such an analysis for general networks, this\npaper examines the strategic behavior of \\emph{receivers} in a Gaussian\nbroadcast channel (BC) and \\emph{transmitters} in a multiple access channel\n(MAC) with sum power constraints (sum power MAC) using the framework of\nnon-cooperative game theory. These signaling scenarios are modeled as\ngeneralized Nash equilibrium problems (GNEPs) with jointly convex and coupled\nconstraints and the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium achieving\nstrategies and equilibrium utilities are characterized for both the Gaussian BC\nand the sum power MAC. The relationship between Pareto-optimal boundary points\nof the capacity region and the generalized Nash equilibria (GNEs) are derived\nfor the several special cases and in all these cases it is shown that all the\nGNEs are Pareto-optimal, demonstrating that there is no loss in efficiency when\nplayers adopt strategic behavior in these scenarios. Several key equivalence\nrelations are derived and used to demonstrate a game-theoretic duality between\nthe Gaussian MAC and the Gaussian BC. This duality allows a parametrized\ncomputation of the equilibria of the BC in terms of the equilibria of the MAC\nand paves the way to translate several MAC results to the dual BC scenario.\n
Making Templates Rotationally Invariant. An Application to Rotated Digit Recognition (1998)

This paper describes a simple and efficient method to make template-based object classification invariant to in-plane rotations. The task is divided into two parts: orientation discrimination and classification. The key idea is to perform the orientation discrimination before the classification. This can be accomplished by hypothesizing, in turn, that the input image belongs to each class of interest. The image can then be rotated to maximize its similarity to the training images in each class (these contain the prototype object in an upright orientation). This process yields a set of images, at least one of which will have the object in an upright position. The resulting images can then be classified by models which have been trained with only upright examples. This approach has been successfully applied to two real-world vision-based tasks: rotated handwritten digit recognition and rotated face detection in cluttered scenes. 1
BioProgrammable One, Two, and Three Dimensional Materials (2017)

Abstract : The MURI team has used biomolecules (such as DNA or peptides) to assemble nanoparticles into highly ordered one-, two-, or three dimensional architectures. The Mirkin group has used DNA-functionalized nanoparticles as programmable atom equivalents (PAEs) as material synthons to synthesize hundreds of different crystal structures. The Macfarlane group developed methods to combine bottom-up DNA directed assembly with electron beam lithography to simultaneously control material structure at the nano- and macroscopic length scales. The Nguyen group has synthesized and assembled small molecule-DNA hybrids (SMDHs) as part of programmable atom equivalents. The Rosi group identified design rules for using peptide constructs to direct rational assembly of inorganic nanoparticles into ordered hierarchical nanoparticle superstructures, including hollow spherical structures and 1-D helical nanoparticle arrays exhibiting strong plasmonic chiroptical response. Theoretical studies as well as various characterization techniques were studied in conjunction with all of the abovementioned experimental approaches to construct new materials with biomolecule-functionalized building blocks. The Schatz group developed electrodynamics models of plasmonic superlattices to identify unique optical behavior of these materials, including negative permittivity, Fabry-Perot resonances, and nonreciprocal properties. The Olvera group predicted the shape of single crystals of DNA functionalized nanoparticles and their nucleation behavior. The Bedzyk group utilized in-situ X-ray scattering and spectroscopy to develop fundamental understanding of PAE constructs, from their synthesis and electrostatic environment, to inter-PAE interactions that affect programmable assembly. As a whole, the MURI team synthesized, measured, and evaluated a set of new materials with specific properties by design.
DNA-Nanoparticle Superlattices Formed from Anisotropic Building Blocks* (2020)

Hybridization interactions between DNA-functionalized nanoparticles (DNA-NPs) can be used to program the crystallization behavior of superlattices, yielding access to complex three-dimensional structures with more than 30 different lattice symmetries. This chapter provides a comprehensive approach to study the role of repulsion in the assembly behavior of DNA-NPs, enabling the calculation of interparticle interaction potentials based on experimental results. Two different means to assemble DNA-NPs, Watson–Crick base-pairing interactions and depletion interactions, are used and the salt concentration is systematically varied to study the effective interactions in DNA-NP superlattices. The chapter finds that the gap distance between adjacent DNA-NPs follows a simple power law dependence on solution ionic strength regardless of the type of attractive forces present. This result suggests that the observed trend is driven by repulsive interactions. To better understand such behavior, The chapter proposes a mean-field model that provides a mathematical description for the observed trend.
Genetic dissection of MAPK-mediated complex traits across S. cerevisiae (2014)

Signaling pathways enable cells to sense and respond to their environment. Many cellular signaling strategies are conserved from fungi to humans, yet their activity and phenotypic consequences can vary extensively among individuals within a species. A systematic assessment of the impact of naturally occurring genetic variation on signaling pathways remains to be conducted. In S. cerevisiae , both response and resistance to stressors that activate signaling pathways differ between diverse isolates. Here, we present a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping approach that enables us to identify genetic variants underlying such phenotypic differences across the genetic and phenotypic diversity of S. cerevisiae . Using a Round-robin cross between twelve diverse strains, we determined the genetic architectures of phenotypes critically dependent on MAPK signaling cascades. Genetic variants identified fell within MAPK signaling networks themselves as well as other interconnected signaling pathways, illustrating how genetic variation can shape the phenotypic output of highly conserved signaling cascades.
Measurement of Pipe and Liquid Parameters Using the Beam Steering Capabilities of Array-Based Clamp-On Ultrasonic Flow Meters (2022)

Clamp-on ultrasonic flow meters (UFMs) are installed on the outside of the pipe wall. Typically, they consist of two single-element transducers mounted on angled wedges, which are acoustically coupled to the pipe wall. Before flow metering, the transducers are placed at the correct axial position by manually moving one transducer along the pipe wall until the maximum amplitude of the relevant acoustic pulse is obtained. This process is time-consuming and operator-dependent. Next to this, at least five parameters of the pipe and the liquid need to be provided manually to compute the flow speed. In this work, a method is proposed to obtain the five parameters of the pipe and the liquid required to compute the flow speed. The method consists of obtaining the optimal angles for different wave travel paths by varying the steering angle of the emitted acoustic beam systematically. Based on these optimal angles, a system of equations is built and solved to extract the desired parameters. The proposed method was tested experimentally with a custom-made clamp-on UFM consisting of two linear arrays placed on a water-filled stainless steel pipe. The obtained parameters of the pipe and the liquid correspond very well with the expected (nominal) values. Furthermore, the performed experiment also demonstrates that a clamp-on UFM based on transducer arrays can achieve self-alignment without the need to manually move the transducers.
MAZ51, an indolinone that inhibits endothelial cell and tumor cell growth in vitro, suppresses tumor growth in vivo (2004)

We have recently described MAZ51, an indolinone that blocks the ligand-induced autophosphorylation of VEGFR-3, a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a central role in the regulation of lymphangiogenesis. Here we show that MAZ51 is able to block the proliferation of VEGFR-3-expressing human endothelial cells and is less potently able to induce their apoptosis. MAZ51 also inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of a variety of non-VEGFR-3-expressing tumor cell lines. These data suggest that MAZ51 blocks the activity of tyrosine kinases in addition to VEGFR-3. In vivo, MAZ51 significantly inhibits the growth of rat mammary carcinomas. These data establish MAZ51 as a compound with antitumor properties that inhibits tumor growth directly and also indirectly by interfering with tumor-host interactions.
Tumor Habitat–derived Radiomic Features at Pretreatment MRI That Are Prognostic for Progression-free Survival in Glioblastoma Are Associated with Key Morphologic Attributes at Histopathologic Examination: A Feasibility Study (2020)

Preliminary findings demonstrated significant associations of prognostic radiomic features with disease-specific histologic attributes, with implications for risk-stratifying patients with GBM for personalized treatment decisions. <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> © RSNA, 2020.
Airborne Testing of 2-μm Pulsed IPDA Lidar for Active Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (2021)

The capability of an airborne 2-μm integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar for high-accuracy and high-precision active remote sensing of weighted-average column dry-air volume mixing ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide (XCO2) is demonstrated. A test flight was conducted over the costal oceanic region of the USA to assess instrument performance during severe weather. The IPDA targets CO2 R30 absorption line using high-energy 2-μm laser transmitter. HgCdTe avalanche photodiode detection system is used in the receiver. Updated instrument model included range correction factor to account for platform attitude. Error budget for XCO2 retrieval predicts lower random error for longer sensing column length. Systematic error is dominated by water vapor (H2O) through dry-air number density derivation, followed by H2O interference and ranging related uncertainties. IPDA XCO2 retrieval results in 404.43 ± 1.23 ppm, as compared to 405.49 ± 0.01 ppm from prediction models, using consistent reflectivity and steady elevation oceanic surface target. This translates to 0.26% and 0.30% relative accuracy and precision, respectively. During gradual spiral descend, IPDA results in 404.89 ± 1.19 ppm as compared model of 404.75 ± 0.73 ppm indicating 0.04% and 0.23% relative accuracy, respectively. Challenging cloud targets limited retrieval accuracy and precision to 2.56% and 4.78%, respectively, due to H2O and ranging errors.