gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic decision making in BMT/ SCT for renal cell cancer (2013)

Kidney cancer accounts for approximately 3%–4% of all malignancies in adults. The major histological type of RCC is clear cell carcinoma, which makes up about 70% of all spontaneous cases. Less frequent histological types are papillary RCC and chromophobe RCC. The clear cell type of RCC has a high frequency of mutations in the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) gene, which functions as a tumor suppressor. As a consequence of VHL inactivation, a large number of genes that contribute to the tumorigenicity of clear cell carcinoma may be overexpressed, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Metastatic RCC has a poor prognosis (mean survival between six and 24 months), and unlike many other solid tumors, is largely unresponsive to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Over the last seven years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of therapies available to treat this malignancy, largely composed of drugs that target specific angiogenic pathways and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. These agents can improve PFS and OS but result in tumor regression in only a minority of patients, with drug resistance and tumor progression ultimately occurring.
Percutaneous Removal of Caliceal and Other “Inaccessible” Stones: Results (1984)

Percutaneous removal of renal stones (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) is becoming an established procedure, especially for stones lying free in the renal pelvis. However, some renal stones, particularly caliceal stones, are less accessible and, therefore, more difficult by the percutaneous route. We removed percutaneously 95 caliceal or otherwise poorly accessible renal stones from 53 patients with a variety of techniques, including percutaneous puncture above the 12th rib, double or Y percutaneous nephrostomy tracts, rigid and flexible endoscopy, and intrarenal cutting with diathermy. Intravenously assisted local anesthesia was used exclusively in 89 per cent of the patients. Status free of stones was achieved in all but 1 patient who retained 2 small fragments. The average number of sessions was 1.89 and the average hospital stay was 7.9 days. Complications were minor except for 1 patient who required tertiary renal artery embolization for bleeding. Illustrative cases are presented. Virtually all renal stones can be removed percutaneously.
Spatial Transmission Mode Switching in Multiuser MIMO-OFDM Systems With User Fairness (2009)

Multiantenna radio systems allow accessing the channel in diversity or spatial multiplexing (SMUX) mode. Adequate switching between these modes according to current channel conditions was shown to yield significant performance improvements while requiring little feedback from the receiving side. We present a transmission concept for the downlink of a multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (MU-MIMO-OFDM) system aiming at high user rates with limited feedback demands. An extended score-based scheduling (SB) approach ensures fair-resource allocation to the users, whereas transmission mode switching is used to guarantee high user rates. The degree of fairness of the scheduler can be adapted by adequately configuring a weighting function for the scores. Comparison with single-mode schemes reveals substantial throughput gains of the adaptive switching concept. Furthermore, targeting maximum throughput, we show that a considerable proportion of the capacity of the MIMO broadcast channel (BC) can be achieved with a comparatively low amount of required feedback.
Complimenting a Metal Complex with Protein Environment toward a New Hybrid Biocatalyst (2013)

Efforts to develop an attractive biocatalyst with new chemical reactivity and selectivity indicate that promising strategies involve the construction of artificial metalloenzymes generated by incorporation of a metal-containing moiety into a protein scaffold. In this article, we present three recent results focusing on the modification of proteins with artificial metal complexes. First, an artificial hydrogenase model containing a synthetic diiron carbonyl cluster, (µ-S2)[FeI(CO)3]2, held by a native cysteine-containing motif in the cytochrome c protein is described. The diiron carbonyl core anchored by coordination within the protein matrix works well as a catalyst for H2 evolution. Second, a hybrid catalyst containing a rhodium complex with a maleimide moiety at the peripheral position of the cyclopendiene ligand is described. The rhodium complex was inserted into a β-barrel protein scaffold of a mutant of aponitrobindin via a covalent linkage. The hybrid protein acts as a polymerization catalyst and preferentially yields trans-poly(phenylacetylene)(PPA). Finally, an artificial hemoprotein containing an iron porphycene, a structural isomer of hemin, within a heme pocket, is reported. The reconstituted horseradish peroxidase catalyzes the H2O2-dependent oxidation of thioanisole, of which the initial rate is 12-fold faster than that observed for native myoglobin.
A resource management interface for the Java? platform (2004)

Software systems in many circumstances need awareness of their resource usage. Meeting performance requirements often requires the ability to manage consumption of resources provided by the environment. Resource management is traditionally handled by operating systems, but the growing need to use safe languages in the systems programming domain adds increased pressure to equip them with resource management capabilities at a level of abstraction that fits gracefully with the language. This paper proposes an extensible, flexible, and widely applicable resource management interface for the Java platform. The interface is small, but capable of modeling a variety of resources and resource management policies. In particular, application-specific resources can be defined, as well as more traditional computational resources such as heap memory and processor time. The interface is presented here in detail, along with a series of examples and a description of a prototype implementation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical and experimental study of measurement of microwave permittivity using open ended elliptical coaxial probes (1992)

In this paper, a new kind of coaxial probe for measurement of microwave permittivity-an open-ended elliptical aperture-is studied from theoretical and experimental viewpoints. Calculated results are discussed and compared with experimental values. Wideband measurements of the dielectric constants of liquids are performed by using this kind of needle type probe. Both theory and experiment show that open-ended elliptical coaxial probes can be successfully used in wideband dielectric constant measurements with the advantage of increased sensitivity, especially at low frequencies. Moreover, this kind of probe can easily be fitted into gels and living tissues. These features are very important in biological applications both for measurements and microwave radiation treatment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Capping Layers Design Guidelines for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells via Machine Learning (2020)

After reaching a device efficiency level comparable to silicon, perovskite solar cell's next big challenge is to tackle its environmental instability issue. To solve this problem, researchers have started incorporating a buffer layer called `capping layer', consisting of low dimensional (LD) perovskite, sandwiched between perovskite absorber and hole transport layer. However, there is no conclusive agreement on how to select capping layer material that best extends the stability. By using feature importance rank on the regression models, we can start to see which molecular properties on capping layer have significant impact in suppressing degradation.
Experimental study of “Auto Sensor Test–Self Test Mode” for Acoustic Emission system performance verification (2000)

An important consideration in Acoustic Emission testing is the determination of the performance of the instrumentation prior to and after data acquisition. In an effort to satisfy this need, an electronic means has recently been developed. The technique, known as “Auto Sensor Test–Self Test Mode” (AST-STM) utilizes a voltage pulse to excite a sensor’s crystal and the structure to which the sensor is attached. After excitation, the sensor output is measured. Instrumentation performance, including efficiency of the coupling, can be determined by comparing the waveform duration and energy to minimum values established using a sensor and instrumentation channel that is known to be operating properly on the same structure. The AST-STM technique is compared with the pencil lead break technique for a variety of sensor frequencies, couplant types, couplant efficiency factors, structural geometries and plate thicknesses.
Automatic Topology Optimization for FPGA Interconnect Synthesis (2018)

The goal of FPGA interconnect synthesis is to generate a physical network that connects user-supplied functional modules according to a logical specification of the desired connectivity. In this paper, we augment an existing FPGA interconnect synthesis flow with the ability to automatically design the topology of the generated network while reducing its area subject to user-supplied performance specifications. The key specification is a per-transmission importance value representing the designer's willingness to have a transmission contend with other transmissions. The designer may also optionally specify that certain transmissions will never temporally overlap. We present an iterative algorithm that generates a topology which respects these specifications, with the goal of reducing area. Optimization decisions are guided by pre-characterized area models of interconnect primitives and an analytical worst-case traffic contention model. We apply our approach to a case study of an FPGA-based linear algebra application, where we successfully optimize the topologies of two of its sub-networks resulting in area savings of 60% and 75% with no overall performance degredation.
A Rapid LC–MS-MS Method for the Quantitation of Antiepileptic Drugs in Urine (2020)

Epilepsy is a common neurologic disease that requires treatment with one or more medications. Due to the polypharmaceutical treatments, potential side effects, and drug-drug interactions associated with these medications, therapeutic drug monitoring is important. Therapeutic drug monitoring is typically performed in blood due to established clinical ranges. While blood provides the benefit of determining clinical ranges, urine requires a less invasive collection method, which is attractive for medication monitoring. As urine does not typically have established clinical ranges, it has not become a preferred specimen for monitoring medication adherence. Thus, large urine clinical data sets are rarely published, making method development that addresses reasonable concentration ranges difficult. An initial method developed and validated in-house utilized a universal analytical range of 50-5,000 ng/mL for all antiepileptic drugs and metabolites of interest in this work, namely carbamazepine, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, eslicarbazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, 4-hydroxyphenytoin, and topiramate. This upper limit of the analytical range was too low leading to a repeat rate of 11.59% due to concentrations >5,000 ng/mL. Therefore, a new, fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method with a run time under 4 minutes was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of the previously mentioned nine antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites. Urine samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction and analyzed using a Phenomenex Phenyl-Hexyl column with an Agilent 6460 LC-MS-MS instrument system. During method development and validation, the analytical range was optimized for each drug to reduce repeat analysis due to concentrations above the linear range and for carryover. This reduced the average daily repeat rate for antiepileptic testing from 11.59% to 4.82%. After validation, this method was used to test and analyze patient specimens over the course of approximately one year. The resulting concentration data were curated to eliminate specimens that could indicate an individual was noncompliant with their therapy (i.e., positive for illicit drugs) and yielded between 20 and 1,700 concentration points from the patient specimens, depending on the analyte. The resulting raw quantitative urine data set is presented as preliminary reference ranges to assist with interpreting urine drug concentrations for the nine aforementioned antiepileptic medications and metabolites.
Modal analysis of broadband acoustic receptions at 3515-km range in the North Pacific using short-time Fourier techniques (2003)

In 1995-1996 the Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC) experiment provided an opportunity to study long-range broadband transmissions over a series of months using mode-resolving vertical arrays. A 75-Hz source off the California coast transmitted broadband pulses to receiving arrays in the North Pacific, located at ranges of 3515 and 5171 km. This paper develops a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) processor for estimating the signals propagating in the lowest modes of the ocean waveguide and applies it to analyze data from the ATOC experiment. The STFT provides a convenient framework for examining processing issues associated with broadband signals. In particular, this paper discusses the required frequency resolution for mode estimation, analyzes the broadband performance of two standard modal beamforming algorithms, and explores the time/frequency tradeoffs inherent in broadband mode processing. Short-time Fourier analysis of the ATOC receptions at 3515 km reveals a complicated arrival structure in modes 1-10. This structure is characterized by frequency-selective fading and a high degree of temporal variability. At this range the first ten modes have equal average powers, and the magnitude-squared coherence between the modes is effectively zero. The coherence times of the peaks in the STFT mode estimates are on the order of 5.5 min. An analysis of mean arrival times yields modal dispersion curves and indicates that there are statistically significant shifts in travel time over 5 months of ATOC transmissions.
High-Frequency Compact RFQs for Medical and Industrial Applications (2017)

CERN has completed the construction of a 750 MHz RFQ reaching 5 MeV proton energy in a length of only 2 meters, to be used as injector for a compact proton therapy linac. Beyond proton therapy, this compact and lightweight design can be used for several applications, ranging from the production of radioisotopes in hospitals to ion beam analysis of industrial components or of artworks. The ex-perience with the construction of the first unit will be pre-sented together with the design and plans for other appli-cations.
Intramolecular hydride shift polymerization by cationic mechanism. I. Introduction and structure analysis of poly‐3‐methylbutene‐1 (1964)

Abstract The low temperature cationic polymerization of 3‐methylbutene‐1 proceeds by intramolecular hydride shift mechanism. The secondary carbonium ion magnified image rearranges to a tertiary one magnified image prior to propagation. Thus the repeat unit of cationically obtained poly‐3‐methylbutene‐1 is not the expected magnified image or 1,2 structure but an α,α′‐dimethylpropane‐type 1,3 unit, e.g., magnified image
Efficiency of the Memory Polynomial Model in Realizing Digital Twins for Gait Assessment (2019)

One of the key issues of multi-sensory digital healthcare and therapy is the reliability and user compliance of the applied sensor system. In the context of digital gait analysis and rehabilitation, different technologies have been proposed allowing objective gait assessment and precise quantification of the rehabilitation progress using Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) platforms. However, this depends largely on the estimation accuracy of the kinematics (body joint angles). This paper presents the concept of a digital equivalent based on the Memory Polynomial Model (MPM) to reduce the number of IMUs needed for the measurements and to simulate the physical mechanism of lower body joint angles based on acceleration data. The MPM parameter estimation is based on the Least Square (LS) approach and is performed using accelerometer records of non-pathological gait patterns. The Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE) is used to evaluate the performance of the model. According to the results an NMSE of -20 dB is achieved, which indicates the great potential of applying the MPM to develop a digital twin. That kind of twin can serve as a prototype of the physical counterpart to improve the wearability of the sensor system and to reduce physically induced measurement errors as well.
Polymer of Proline Analogue With Sustained Antifibrotic Activity in Lung Fibrosis (1997)

Inhibitors of collagen such as cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline (cHyp) may ameliorate bleomycin (bleo)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. An alternating polymer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-lysine (PEG-Lys) with cHyp attached as a pendant side chain was prepared for intratracheal delivery with bioinactive trans-Hyp (tHyp) polymer as control. To test whether the cHyp polymer has prolonged lung retention and sustained antifibrotic activity, we first instilled 3H- and 14C-labeled cHyp polymer in normal rats. Lung retention was 86 +/- 9% at 6 h and 29 +/- 3% at 7 d (n = 5). Next, rats were instilled intratracheally with either saline (sal) or 1.2 U bleo, and the following treatment groups were studied: Bleo/sal; Bleo/cHyp polymer; Bleo/tHyp polymer; and Bleo/PEG-Lys + cHyp. The dose of the test agents was 150 mg/kg polymer containing 8.5 mg/kg cHyp or tHyp instilled intratracheally at 7 and 14 d after bleo. At 21 d, hydroxyproline content (mg/lung) was: Control, 1.8 +/- 0.1; Bleo/sal 4.0 +/- 0.1*; Bleo/cHyp polymer, 2.8 +/- 0.3*+; Bleo/tHyp polymer, 4.4 +/- 0.2*; and Bleo/PEG-Lys + cHyp, 4.0 +/- 0.1* (*p < 0.05 versus Control; +p < 0.05 versus Bleo/sal; n = 5/group). The cHyp polymer also reduced lung total protein content, but the decrease was not significant. The dose required to produce 50% inhibition of lung collagen was approximately 700-fold less than monomeric cHyp. Thus, the cHyp polymer is a potent, long-acting antifibrotic agent which may be useful in treating lung fibrosis.
Uptake of [18F]DCFPyL in Paget's Disease of Bone, an Important Potential Pitfall in the Clinical Interpretation of PSMA PET Studies (2015)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted PET imaging is an emerging technique for evaluating patients with prostate cancer (PCa) in a variety of clinical contexts. As with any new imaging modality, there are interpretive pitfalls that are beginning to be recognized. In this image report, we describe the findings in a 63-year-old male with biochemically recurrent PCa after radical prostatectomy who was imaged with <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL, a small molecule inhibitor of PSMA. Diffuse radiotracer uptake was noted throughout the sacrum, corresponding to imaging findings on contrast-enhanced CT, bone scan, and pelvic MRI consistent with Paget's disease of bone. The uptake of <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL in Paget's disease is most likely due to hyperemia and increased radiotracer delivery. In light of the overlap in patients affected by PCa and Paget's, it is important for nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists interpreting PSMA PET/CT scans to be aware of the potential for this diagnostic pitfall. Correlation to findings on conventional imaging such as diagnostic CT and bone scan can help confirm the diagnosis.
Perceptually Optimized Bit-Allocation and Associated Distortion Measure for Block-Based Image or Video Coding (2019)

It is well known that input-invariant quantization in perceptual image or video coding often leads to visually suboptimal results and that quantization parameter adaptation (QPA) based on a model of the human visual system can improve subjective coding quality. This paper introduces a simple low-complexity QPA algorithm, controlled using a block-wise perceptually weighted distortion measure representing a generalization of the PSNR metric. The weighting scheme of this WPSNR metric is based on a psychovisual model. It directly leads to a perceptually adapted scaling of the block-wise Lagrange parameter used in the bit-allocation process in the encoder and, consequently, to a block-wise QPA. Unlike prior QPA approaches, the proposal avoids classifications of picture regions and easily extends from still-image or grayscale to video or chromatic coding. The WPSNR metric also uses fewer algorithmic operations than e. g. the multiscale structural similarity measure (MS-SSIM). Due to the results of two formal subjective tests indicating its visual benefit, the QPA proposal has been adopted into VTM, the currently developed Versatile Video Coding (VVC) reference software.
Template Synthesis of Polypyrrole Nanofibers Insulated within One‐Dimensional Silicate Channels: Hexagonal versus Lamellar for Recombination of Polarons into Bipolarons (2003)

Very different electronic properties are found in the hexagonal and lamellar nanocomposite films (see schematic representations) prepared by dilution of a pyrrole-containing surfactant with nonpolymerizable surfactants in a sol–gel-based template polymerization. The hexagonal composite film comprises a thin polypyrrole nanocable covered with an insulating silicate channel.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Identification of Campath-1 (CD52) as Novel Drug Target in Neoplastic Stem Cells in 5q-Patients with MDS and AML (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 162K, Supplementary Figure S1A: Expression of CD52 on CD34+/CD38+ cells in MDS and AML Supplementary Figure S1B: Expression of CD52 on CD34+/CD38+ cells in MDS, AML and control samples.&lt;/p&gt;
Excitation Wavelength Dependence of Phosphorescence and Hydrogen-Bonding Formation of Thioxanthone and 2,4-Diisopentylhioxanthone (1988)

Abstract Phosphorescence spectra of the ethanol solutions of thioxanthone(TX) and 2,4-diisopentylthioxanthone (DITX) exhibited excitation wavelength dependence at 77 K. In addition to the normal phosphorescence observed at 450 nm for TX and at 460 nm for DITX, a new red-shifted phosphorescence was resolved at 470 nm and 485 nm, respectively, when TX and DITX were excited at the absorption tail. The lifetimes and excitation spectra of the red-shifted phosphorescence were found to differ from those of the normal phosphorescence. Based on the study on UV absorption spectra and phosphorescence spectra measured with hydrated species of TX and DITX in ethanol–water solution at 77 K, the red-shifted phosphorescence is ascribed to the hydrogen-bonded species with water. In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, phosphorescences of TX and DITX shift to the longer wavelengths and the lifetimes become longer when excited at the longer absorption tail, although the phosphorescence excitation spectra do not change appreciably.
Dynamic Elastic Hysteretic Solids and Dislocations (2005)

Recently we showed that the quasistatic response of nonlinear mesoscopic elastic solids to stress can be explained by invoking the formation of dislocation-based incipient kink bands. In this Letter, using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, we confirm that the dynamical behavior of these nonlinear elastic systems is due to the interaction of dislocations with the ultrasound waves, thus resolving a long-standing mystery.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Supported on Graphene Oxide‐Catalyzed S‐Arylation: An Efficient and Ligand‐Free Synthesis of Aryl Sulfides. (2014)

Abstract A wide range of symmetrical and unsymmetrical aryl sulfides is prepared from aryl halides with thiols or thiourea as a sulfur source.