gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning of the PSI2 gene encoding a regulator of the phytochrome A and B pathways (2003)

The gene mutated in the psi2 Arabidopsis plant, which presents multiple hyperinduced responses to red and far-red light, has been identified by induced transposition. It encodes a serine/threonine protein phosphatase (PP7) protein homolog to the animal retinal-degeneration disease protein phosphatases RDGC and to protein phosphatases PP5. Similar protein phosphatases have been found in other plants species, such as rice. We have isolated an interactor of the PSI2 protein using a protein-protein interaction screen. The data suggests that the PSI2 protein functions as a threshold regulator acting at the level of phytochrome- interacting molecules.
Partial reversal of the substrate stereospecificity of an L-lactate dehydrogenase by site-directed mutagenesis (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPartial reversal of the substrate stereospecificity of an L-lactate dehydrogenase by site-directed mutagenesisRoman Sakowicz, Marvin Gold, and J. Bryan JonesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9, 2387–2394Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00114a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00114a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Noninvasive Ultrasound Retinal Stimulation for Vision Restoration at High Spatiotemporal Resolution (2022)

<i>Objective</i>. Retinal degeneration involving progressive deterioration and loss of function of photoreceptors is a major cause of permanent vision loss worldwide. Strategies to treat these incurable conditions incorporate retinal prostheses via electrically stimulating surviving retinal neurons with implanted devices in the eye, optogenetic therapy, and sonogenetic therapy. Existing challenges of these strategies include invasive manner, complex implantation surgeries, and risky gene therapy. <i>Methods and Results</i>. Here, we show that direct ultrasound stimulation on the retina can evoke neuron activities from the visual centers including the superior colliculus and the primary visual cortex (V1), in either normal-sighted or retinal degenerated blind rats <i>in vivo</i>. The neuron activities induced by the customized spherically focused 3.1 MHz ultrasound transducer have shown both good spatial resolution of 250 <i>μ</i>m and temporal resolution of 5 Hz in the rat visual centers. An additional customized 4.4 MHz helical transducer was further implemented to generate a static stimulation pattern of letter forms. <i>Conclusion</i>. Our findings demonstrate that ultrasound stimulation of the retina <i>in vivo</i> is a safe and effective approach with high spatiotemporal resolution, indicating a promising future of ultrasound stimulation as a novel and noninvasive visual prosthesis for translational applications in blind patients.
On the Complexity of Exploration in Goal-Driven Navigation (2018)

Building agents that can explore their environments intelligently is a challenging open problem. In this paper, we make a step towards understanding how a hierarchical design of the agent's policy can affect its exploration capabilities. First, we design EscapeRoom environments, where the agent must figure out how to navigate to the exit by accomplishing a number of intermediate tasks (\emph{subgoals}), such as finding keys or opening doors. Our environments are procedurally generated and vary in complexity, which can be controlled by the number of subgoals and relationships between them. Next, we propose to measure the complexity of each environment by constructing dependency graphs between the goals and analytically computing \emph{hitting times} of a random walk in the graph. We empirically evaluate Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) with sparse and shaped rewards, a variation of policy sketches, and a hierarchical version of PPO (called HiPPO) akin to h-DQN. We show that analytically estimated \emph{hitting time} in goal dependency graphs is an informative metric of the environment complexity. We conjecture that the result should hold for environments other than navigation. Finally, we show that solving environments beyond certain level of complexity requires hierarchical approaches.
Anchorage‐independent growth of normal calf lens epithelial cells and effect of SV40 transformation on their growth properties (1981)

Calf lens epithelial cells cultured in vitro show growth properties usually associated with virally transformed fibroblasts. The lens cells are anchorage independent, forming colonies in agar, and show a low requirement for added mitogens. In dense culture they form multilayers and maintain a constant cell number by proliferation and shedding. Strains of lens cells transformed by SV40 virus have been obtained that show similar growth properties to the normal lens epithelium. The major effect of SV40 transformation is to increase the growth rate, final cell density and in vitro life-span of the lens cells and to inhibit the increase in size that occurs after 2-3 weeks of culturing the untransformed cells.
Temperature coefficients of selected material constants of dilithium tetraborate (Li/sub 2/B/sub 4/O/sub 7/) (2002)

Dilithium tetraborate is a promising piezoelectric material for both bulk acoustic wave and surface acoustic wave devices. In order to design temperature compensated devices, it is necessary to know the behavior of the material constants with respect to temperature variations. In this paper, the first and second order temperature coefficients of the material constants c/sub 11//sup E/, c/sub 12//sup E/, c/sub 66//sup E/, and e/sub 15/ of Li/sub 2/B/sub 4/O/sub 7/ have been measured over a temperature range of 20/spl deg/C to 150/spl deg/C. An improved resonator method was used to measure the fundamental zero mass loading antiresonance frequencies of selected pure-mode orientations of Li/sub 2/B/sub 4/O/sub 7/. Material constants extraction was performed using a linear least squares matrix method. The resulting material constant curves were fit with a third order power series to obtain their corresponding temperature coefficients. The calculated first order temperature coefficients of the material constants show reasonable agreement with previously published values. The calculated second order coefficients do not agree well with the previously published values, and may help to resolve the large discrepancies between predicted and measured behavior of Li/sub 2/B/sub 4/O/sub 7/ resonators.
Phase transfer Pd(O) catalyzed polymerization reactions. I. Synthesis of 1,2‐(4,4′;‐dialkoxyaryl) acetylene monomers and 1,4‐Bis[2‐(4′,4″‐dialkoxyphenyl)ethynyl]benzene derivatives by phase transfer Pd(O)/Cu(I) catalyzed coupling reactions (1990)

Abstract Several 1,2‐(4,4'‐dialkoxyaryl)acetylene monomers containing similar or dissimilar substituents were prepared by one of three variations of a one pot phase transfer Pd(O)/Cu(I) catalyzed coupling of aryl halides with a protected acetylene. The three steps within a single flask involved first coupling of the appropriate 1‐halo‐4‐alkoxybenzene derivative with 2‐methyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol, followed by cleavage of the carbinol group to form an aryl acetylide, and finally a second coupling of an aryl halide with the aryl acetylide. Best results were obtained when elevated temperatures and solid‐liquid phase transfer reaction conditions were used. Some 1,4‐bis[2‐(4',4”‐dialkoxyphenyl)ethynyl]benzene compounds were also prepared.
Arrays of horizontally polarized loop-fed slotted cylinder antennas (1985)

Measured center element gain patterns, voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR), and mutual coupling for passively terminated arrays of horizontally polarized loop-fed slotted cylinder antennas over a ground plane are given. A seven-element hexagonal array is investigated in detail. The element gain pattern is shown to have a null at broadside with omnidirectional coverage along a constant cone angle from broadside. Maximum gain occurs close to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50\deg</tex> from broadside which provides for wide-angle phased array scanning capability. The antennas are also configured in a linear array geometry, to investigate mutual coupling effects on the element gain pattern as the number of elements is varied. The element gain pattern is shown to converge for a relatively few number of elements and there is no indication of undesired blind spots.
Optimal Control of a Multi Voltage Powernet with Electrified Auxiliaries in Hybrid-Electric Trucks (2020)

Exploiting route information for predictive control strategies to increase fuel efficiency is commonly applied in heavy-duty long-haul trucks. In this paper a comprehensive optimal control strategy based on predicted powertrain data is derived both taking into account the states of a hybrid-electric drive train and electrified auxiliaries. The powertrain and auxiliary units are supplied by an additional powernet based on a voltage level of 48 V. Thereby the energy flow between power-train and auxiliaries is optimized to gain additional benefit in the overall fuel consumption of the truck. Air-condition and air compressor are chosen as examples for electrified auxiliaries in this contribution. So numerous state-control-combinations have to be evaluated. To reduce computational effort heuristic information is utilized. The driven route is segmented into sections of nearly constant power demand to exclude obviously inapplicable states. The following concurrent optimization approach is based on Dynamic Programming. The obtained results are compared with a reactive base control strategy to examine the advantages and benefits of the introduced method.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe(III)‐EDTA Mediated Autoxidation of 2,6‐Di‐t‐butylphenol and Substituted Hydroquinones by Molecular Oxygen. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ExpansionHunter Denovo: a computational method for locating known and novel repeat expansions in short-read sequencing data (2020)

Repeat expansions are responsible for over 40 monogenic disorders, and undoubtedly more pathogenic repeat expansions remain to be discovered. Existing methods for detecting repeat expansions in short-read sequencing data require predefined repeat catalogs. Recent discoveries emphasize the need for methods that do not require pre-specified candidate repeats. To address this need, we introduce ExpansionHunter Denovo, an efficient catalog-free method for genome-wide repeat expansion detection. Analysis of real and simulated data shows that our method can identify large expansions of 41 out of 44 pathogenic repeats, including nine recently reported non-reference repeat expansions not discoverable via existing methods.
Laser Interference Metallurgy – using interference as a tool for micro/nano structuring (2006)

Abstract Interfering laser beams of a high-power pulsed laser provide the opportunity of applying a direct lateral interaction with the surface microstructure of metals in micro/nano-scale based on photo-thermal nature mechanisms. This “Laser interference metallurgy” allows the creation of periodic patterns of features with a well defined long-range order on metallic surfaces at the scale of typical microstructures (from the sub micrometer level up to micrometers). This technique is an approach to initiate metallurgical processes such as melting, recrystallization, recovery, and defect and phase formation in the lateral scale of the microstructure itself and with an additional long range order given by the interference periodicity. In this work, the laser interference theory is described and used to calculate multi-beam interference patterns. A method to calculate the numbers of laser beams as well as the geometrical arrangement of the beams to obtain a desired periodical pattern prior to experiments is presented. The formation of long-range-ordered intermetallic compounds as well as macroscopic and microscopic variations of mechanical properties on structured metallic thin films are presented as examples.
Ground State Lost but Degeneracy Found: The Effective Thermodynamics of Artificial Spin Ice (2007)

We analyze the rotational demagnetization of artificial spin ice, a recently realized array of nanoscale single-domain ferromagnetic islands. Demagnetization does not anneal this model system into its antiferromagnetic ground state: the moments have a static disordered configuration similar to the frozen state of the spin ice materials. We demonstrate that this athermal system has an effective extensive degeneracy and we introduce a formalism that can predict the populations of local states in this icelike system with no adjustable parameters.
High $\mathbf{I}^{2}\mathbf{t}$ reliable power modules with leadframe structure and RC-IGBT combination technologies (2018)

This paper describes new results of $\mathrm{I}^{2}\mathrm{t}$ capability study for IGBT modules used for xEV power train applications. Combination matrix of RC-IGBT or the conventional FWD and leadframe or bondwires were investigated, and 2.4 times higher performance was obtained in combination of RC-IGBT and leadframe compared with that of FWD and bondwires.
Injecting Text in Self-Supervised Speech Pretraining (2021)

Self-supervised pretraining for Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) has shown varied degrees of success. In this paper, we propose to jointly learn representations during pretraining from two different modalities: speech and text. The proposed method, tts4pretrain complements the power of contrastive learning in self-supervision with linguistic/lexical representations derived from synthesized speech, effectively learning from untranscribed speech and unspoken text. Lexical learning in the speech encoder is enforced through an additional sequence loss term that is coupled with contrastive loss during pretraining. We demonstrate that this novel pretraining method yields Word Error Rate (WER) reductions of 10% relative on the well-benchmarked, Librispeech task over a state-of-the-art baseline pretrained with wav2vec2.0 only. The proposed method also serves as an effective strategy to compensate for the lack of transcribed speech, effectively matching the performance of 5000 hours of transcribed speech with just 100 hours of transcribed speech on the AMI meeting transcription task. Finally, we demonstrate WER reductions of up to 15% on an in-house Voice Search task over traditional pretraining. Incorporating text into encoder pretraining is complimentary to rescoring with a larger or in-domain language model, resulting in additional 6% relative reduction in WER.
Radio over fiber-based radio relay link for indoor and in-car applications towards 5G/IoT era (2017)

Radio over single-mode, multimode, and plastic optical fiber links are demonstrated as a radio relay link for improvement of coverage areas. These techniques are capable for different deployment scenarios in several indoor conditions.
3D MOEMS-based optical micro-bench platform for the miniaturization of sensing devices (2008)

As we enter into the 21st century, the need for miniaturized portable diagnostic devices is increasing continuously. Portable devices find important applications for point-of-care diagnostics, patient self-monitoring and in remote areas, such as unpopulated regions where the cost of large laboratory facilities is not justifiable, underdeveloped countries and other remote locations such as space missions. The advantage of miniaturized sensing optical systems includes not only the reduced weight and size but also reduced cost, decreased time to results and robustness (e.g. no need for frequent re-alignments). Recent advances in micro-fabrication and assembly technologies have enabled important developments in the field of miniaturized sensing systems. INO has developed a technology platform for the three dimensional integration of MOEMS on an optical microbench. Building blocks of the platform include microlenses, micromirrors, dichroic beamsplitters, filters and optical fibers, which can be positioned using passive alignment structures to build the desired miniaturised system. The technology involves standard microfabrication, thick resist UV-lithography, thick metal electroplating, soldering, replication in sol-gel materials and flip-chip bonding processes. The technology is compatible with wafer-to-wafer bonding. A placement accuracy of ± 5 &mu;m has been demonstrated thanks to the integration of alignment marks co registered with other optical elements fabricated on different wafers. In this paper, the building blocks of the technology will be detailed. The design and fabrication of a 5x5 channels light processing unit including optical fibers, mirrors and collimating microlenses will be described. Application of the technology to various kinds of sensing devices will be discussed.
Ricardian Contracts for Industry 4.0 via the Arrowhead Contract Proxy (2021)

Industry 4.0 will require unprecedented degrees of integration across organizational boundaries, which will put new demands on infrastructure for managing agreements between industrial stakeholders. In this paper, we present a system-of-systems architecture for cross-organizational negotiation of Ricardian contracts. We also describe our implementation of it, based on Eclipse Arrowhead, and how it can produce non-repudiable contracts between local clouds, potentially owned by distinct parties. We discuss how our architecture could impact current business paradigms, as well as arguing that our design, in contrast to most solutions based on smart contracts, avoids to deviate significantly from contemporary legal praxis, which should create better opportunity for industry adoption.
Mechanics of edge effects in anisotropic thin film∕substrate systems (2006)

The mechanical response of an anisotropic, elastic substrate subjected to an edge force on its surface was used to develop simple, analytical expressions of stress distributions for selected orientations of a substrate possessing cubic symmetry. The resulting stress distributions, calculated for both (001) and (011) orientations of a Si substrate, can differ by 20% from those predicted for an elastically isotropic case. Elastic anisotropy of strained films on a Si substrate, which produce variations in the film stress, leads to a 34% increase in SiGe film stress along [01¯1] in the (011) orientation relative to the (001) orientation. Both of these effects are incorporated into a distributed-force formulation of the elastic relaxation at the edges of strained film features to model the stress distributions across SiGe features on Si.
Electrical-optical converter using electric-field-coupled metamaterial antennas on electro-optic modulator (2015)

We propose an electrical-optical converter using electric-field-coupled metamaterial antennas on an electro-optic (EO) modulator for wireless millimeter-wave/terra-hertz applications. By wireless signal irradiation to the proposed device, strong millimeter-wave/terra-hertz electric field can be induced on the electric-field-coupled metamaterial antennas. The induced electric field can be used for optical modulation through EO effects when a lightwave propagates into an optical waveguide located under regions of the induced millimeter-wave/terra-hertz electric field. Analysis in millimeter-wave and optical modulation of the proposed device are discussed in detail for operational frequency of 100GHz. Device experiment in fabrication and preliminary measurement are also reported.
Raw data for paper 2D Photonic Crystal Structures in Silicon Rich Nitride Platform (2017)

The excel file contains experimental data for the paper “2D Photonic Crystal Structures in Silicon Rich Nitride Platform”. In particular: Figure 1b: Measured transmission and the trend in transmission of a 400 μm long W0.7 PhC waveguides in a hexagonal photonic crystal of air holes in a silicon rich nitride substrate for lattice period of a = 580 nm and r = 0.3a. Figure 2b: Measured RS intensity from a PhC cavity in a hexagonal photonic crystal of air holes in a silicon rich nitride substrate for lattice period of a = 570 nm and r = 0.3a.
Dahl's salt-resistant normotensive rat has mutations in cytochrome P450(11 beta), but the salt-sensitive hypertensive rat does not. (1993)

Molecular cloning of cytochrome P450(11 beta) cDNAs from the adrenal glands of Dahl's salt-sensitive hypertensive (DS) and salt-resistant normotensive (DR) rats was performed using a combined technique of the first strand cDNA synthesis by reverse transcriptase followed by polymerase chain reaction. The cDNA sequence of P450(11 beta)-DS was identical to that of wild type P450(11 beta). In contrast, the clone obtained from the DR rat contained six nucleotide substitutions causing five amino acid alterations (Arg-127-->Cys, Val-351-->Ala, Val-381-->Leu, Ile-384-->Leu, and Val-443-->Met). When the two cDNAs were expressed in COS-7 cells and steroid conversion rates of the transformed cells were determined, a ratio of 18-hydroxylation to 11 beta-hydroxylation of 11-deoxycorticosterone by P450(11 beta)-DS-expressed cells was 0.58, whereas that by P450(11 beta)-DR-expressed cells was 0.23. Plasma levels of 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone (the 11 beta-hydroxylation product of 11-deoxycorticosterone) in DS and DR rats well reflected the steroidogenic activities of the two P450s. These results suggest that the characteristic plasma steroid level of the DR rat is caused by the mutations in P450(11 beta) gene and may act to maintain the normotensive blood pressure in this rat strain during sodium loading.
Synthesis of a series of SG1 2‐[N‐tert‐butyl‐N‐(1‐diethoxyphosphoryl‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl)aminoxyl] based alkoxyamines, SG1‐CH(Me)CO2R, and measurement of the homolysis rate constants of the CON bond (2004)

Abstract During nitroxide‐mediated polymerization, the polymerization time decreases with an increasing rate constant of the cleavage of the NOC bond of dormant alkoxyamines. Thus, knowledge of the factors influencing this cleavage is of considerable interest. We have prepared a series of SG1 2‐[ N ‐ tert ‐butyl‐ N ‐(1‐diethoxyphosphoryl‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl)aminoxyl] based alkoxyamines [SG1‐CH(Me)CO 2 R] with various R groups (alkyl or aryl) and measured the homolysis rate constants ( k d ). k d decreases with the bulkiness and increases with the polarity of the R group. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3504–3515, 2004