gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract B106: Nedd9 null status initially delays mammary tumor growth, then selects for hyper-aggressive mammary tumors (2009)

Abstract Altered expression of the HEF1/CAS-L/NEDD9 scaffolding protein has recently emerged as a candidate mechanism controlling tumor development, progression and metastasis. While some studies have identified elevated NEDD9 expression as pro-metastatic, other works have suggested a negative role in tumor progression. We have recently reported that the Nedd9 null genetic background significantly limits mammary tumor development in the MMTV-polyoma virus middle T (PyVmT) genetic model. Late-developing tumors are characterized by depressed activation of proteins including AKT, SRC, FAK, and ERK, emphasizing an important role of NEDD9 as a scaffolding protein for these pro-oncogenic proteins. However, NEDD9 is also regulates activation of the Aurora-A mitotic kinase (AurA). In vitro, knockdown of NEDD9 reduces AurA activation, suggesting in vivo loss of NEDD9 might be a potential source of genomic instability. We have evaluated a panel of cell lines derived from mammary tumors of MMTV-PyVmT;Nedd9−/− mice. Nedd9−/− cells injected orthotopically in mammary fat pads of SCID mice exhibited significantly faster growth of mammary tumors, and in a tail vein injection assay yielded a dramatically enhanced metastasis to the lungs. As hypothesized, Nedd9−/− cell lines had lower AurA kinase activity than Nedd9+/+ cells, and also had evidence of centrosomal and spindle abnormalities associated with deficient AurA function. Interestingly, the sensitivity of Nedd9−/− cells to small molecule inhibitors targeted at specific partner kinases and to chemotherapeutic agents used in breast cancer notably differed from that of Nedd9+/+ cells. Together, these data support the use of NEDD9 expression as a novel biomarker in establishing prognosis and drug responsiveness of tumors. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B106.
Interleukin 33/ST2 signaling regulates inflammatory response in choroidal stroma and ocular angiogenesis: implications for age‐related macular degeneration (2015)

Purpose Age‐related macular degeneration ( AMD ) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. We wished to elaborate mechanisms that regulate RPE ‐choroidal microenvironment in AMD . We hypothesize that retinal pigment epithelial cells ( RPE ) produce interleukin 33 ( IL ‐33) and regulate choroidal stromal fibroblasts and mast cell activation and angiogenesis in an ST 2‐dependent manner. Through such mechanisms, change in choroidal architecture may contribute to AMD phenotypes observed clinically. Methods Upon treatment, RPE cells, human choroidal fibroblasts and bone‐marrow‐derived mast cells ( BMMC ) were assayed by RT ‐ PCR , Western Blot and ELISA . Choroidal sprouting assay and laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization ( CNV ) were used as models of ocular angiogenesis. Results TLR ‐stimulation of RPE significantly up‐regulated IL ‐33 expression. ST 2+ BMMC generated a spectrum of inflammatory cytokines when cultured with IL ‐33 rich RPE supernatant. Pretreatment with IL ‐33 antagonist markedly inhibited the ability of BMMC to produce inflammatory mediators. Importantly, activation of inflammatory cascade upon RPE supernatant treatment was abrogated in ST 2‐/‐ BMMC . In a wound‐healing assay, recombinant IL ‐33 treatment of human choroidal fibroblasts impaired their ability to migrate and contract collagen gel. Furthermore, IL ‐33 treatment promoted vascular choroidal sprouting in WT and IL 33‐/‐ explants. CNV was also regulated by exogenous and endogenous IL ‐33 in WT and IL 33‐/‐ mice respectively. Conclusions Our data illuminate an endogenous IL ‐33/ ST 2 pathway between RPE function and choroidal stroma, influencing tissue remodeling and regulating angiogenesis. Our findings support IL ‐33/ ST 2 axis as a therapeutic target in AMD .
ChemInform Abstract: On the Facile and Convenient Synthesis of Substituted Pyridylglycols. (1984)

Abstract Die reduktive Hydrodimerisierung der Pyridin‐carbonyl‐Verbindungen ( ) mit Hilfe von TiCl 3 (II) führt zu den symmetrischen Glykolen (III).
Depletion-Driven Assembly of Polymer-Coated Nanocrystals (2022)

Depletion-driven assembly has been widely studied for micrometer-sized colloids, but questions remain at the nanoscale where the governing physics are impacted by the stabilizing surface ligands or wrapping polymers, whose length scales are on the same order as those of the colloidal core and the depletant. Here, we probe how wrapping colloidal tin-doped indium oxide nanocrystals with polymers affects their depletion-induced interactions and assembly in solutions of poly(ethylene glycol). Copolymers of poly(acrylic acid) grafted with poly(ethylene oxide) provide nanocrystal wrappings with different effective polymer graft densities and molecular weights. (Ultra)small-angle X-ray scattering, coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation, and molecular thermodynamic theory were combined to analyze how depletant size and polymer wrapping characteristics affect depletion interactions, structure, and phase behavior. The results show how depletant molecular weight, as well as surface density and molecular weight of polymer grafts, sets thresholds for assembly. These signatures are unique to depletion-driven assembly of nanoscale colloids and mirror phase behaviors of grafted nanoparticle–polymer composites. Optical and rheological responses of depletion-driven assemblies of nanocrystals with different polymer shell architectures were probed to learn how their structural differences impact properties. We discuss how these handles for depletion-driven assembly at the nanoscale may provide fresh opportunities for designing responsive depletion interactions and dynamically reconfigurable materials.
Phase Field Simulation of Ferroelectric Single Crystals (2005)

Ferroelectric materials exhibit spontaneous polarization and domain structures below the Curie temperature. In this study a cubic to tetragonal phase transformation and the evolution of domain structures in ferroelectric crystals are simulated by using the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation. The effects of electric boundary conditions on the formation of domain patterns and field induced polarization switching are discussed. The phase field model is used to simulate the formation of domain structures, domain wall motion and the macroscopic response of ferroelectric materials under external fields.
Megakaryocyte Potentiating Factor as a Predictive Biomarker for Therapies Against Malignant Mesothelioma (2018)

At a cutoff of -50% change after receiving systemic therapies, a reduction in MPF was associated with improved clinical outcome, both progression-free survival and overall survival. An elevated baseline serum MPF was associated with a response to an antimesothelin therapy in patients with refractory MM; however, this finding needs to be confirmed in another study.
Re: Loss of β1-Integrin from Urothelium Results in Overactive Bladder and Incontinence in Mice: A Mechanosensory Rather than Structural Phenotype (2013)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Dec 2013Re: Loss of β1-Integrin from Urothelium Results in Overactive Bladder and Incontinence in Mice: A Mechanosensory Rather than Structural Phenotype Anthony AtalaM.D. Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.08.055AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Loss of β1-Integrin from Urothelium Results in Overactive Bladder and Incontinence in Mice: A Mechanosensory Rather than Structural Phenotype." The Journal of Urology, 190(6), pp. 2305–2306 © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 190Issue 6December 2013Page: 2305-2306Supplementary Materials Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
The influence of poly(ethylene glycol) ether tetrasuccinimidyl glutarate on the structural, physical, and biological properties of collagen fibers (2015)

Various chemical, natural, or synthetic in origin, crosslinking methods have been proposed over the years to stabilise collagen fibers. However, an optimal method has yet to be identified. Herein, we ventured to assess the potential of 4-star poly(ethylene glycol) ether tetrasuccinimidyl glutarate, as opposed to glutaraldehyde (GTA), genipin and carbodiimide, on the structural, physical and biological properties of collagen fibers. The 4-star poly(ethylene glycol) ether tetrasuccinimidyl glutarate induced an intermedium surface smoothness, denaturation temperature and swelling. The 4-star poly(ethylene glycol) ether tetrasuccinimidyl glutarate fibers had significantly higher stress at break values than the carbodiimide fibers, but significantly lower than the GTA and genipin fibers. With respect to strain at break, no significant difference was observed among the crosslinking treatments. The 4-star poly(ethylene glycol) ether tetrasuccinimidyl glutarate fibers exhibited significantly higher cell metabolic activity and DNA concentration that all other crosslinking treatments, promoted consistently cellular elongation along the longitudinal fiber axis and by day 7 they were completely covered by cells. Collectively, this work clearly demonstrates the potential of 4-star poly(ethylene glycol) ether tetrasuccinimidyl glutarate as collagen crosslinker. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 914-922, 2016.
Frequency Selective Reflectarray Using Crossed-Dipole Elements With Square Loops for Wireless Communication Applications (2010)

A new frequency selective reflectarray (FSR) comprising a crossed-dipole array and a frequency selective surface (FSS) of square loops printed on both sides of a dielectric substrate is presented for wireless communication applications. The reflectarray functions as a reflector, and generates the desired reflected beam shape while steering the primary wave source in the desired direction. Moreover, the FSR should be partially transparent for propagation channels of other communication systems working in other frequency bands. Some new FSR designs comprising 11 by 7 elements for dual-source and dual-polarized operation are given and verified by simulation and experiment. Furthermore, the FSR is applied to a WCDMA system to eliminate blind spots in communications between the base station and mobile users. A practical link budget analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the FSR to improve the quality of communications. Finally, the proximity effect of concrete wall on the FSR is discussed to illustrate the applicability and flexibility of the proposed frequency selective reflectarray.
Silk-Fibrin/Hyaluronic Acid Composite Gels for Nucleus Pulposus Tissue Regeneration (2011)

Scaffold designs are critical for in vitro culture of tissue-engineered cartilage in three-dimensional environments to enhance cellular differentiation for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In the present study we demonstrated silk and fibrin/hyaluronic acid (HA) composite gels as scaffolds for nucleus pulposus (NP) cartilage formation, providing both biochemical support for NP outcomes as well as fostering the retention of size of the scaffold during culture due to the combined features of the two proteins. Passage two (P2) human chondrocytes cultured in 10% serum were encapsulated within silk-fibrin/HA gels. Five study groups with fibrin/HA gel culture (F/H) along with varying silk concentrations (2% silk gel only, fibrin/HA gel culture with 1% silk [F/H+1S], 1.5% silk [F/H+1.5S], and 2% silk [F/H+2S]) were cultured in serum-free chondrogenic defined media (CDM) for 4 weeks. Histological examination with alcian blue showed a defined chondrogenic area at 1 week in all groups that widened homogenously until 4 weeks. In particular, chondrogenic differentiation observed in the F/H+1.5S had no reduction in size throughout the culture period. The results of biochemical and molecular biological evaluations supported observations made during histological examination. Mechanical strength measurements showed that the silk mixed gels provided stronger mechanical properties for NP tissue than fibrin/HA composite gels in CDM. This effect could potentially be useful in the study of in vitro NP tissue engineering as well as for clinical implications for NP tissue regeneration.
Synthesis of More Potent Analogues of the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor, Huperzine B. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Wish I hadn't clicked that (2011)

Typical web navigation techniques tend to support undirected web browsing, a depth-first search of information pages. This search strategy often results in the unintentional behavior of 'web surfing', where a user starts in search of information, but is sidetracked by tangential links. A mobile user in particular, would prefer to extract the desired information quickly and with minimal mental effort. In this paper, we introduce 'SemantiLynx' to visually augment hyperlinks on web pages for better supporting the task of directed searches on small-screen ubiquitous platforms. Our algorithm comprises four parts: establishing the context of information related to a hyperlink, retrieving relevant imagery based on this context, applying image simplification, and finally compositing a visual icon for the given hyperlink. We evaluated our system by conducting user studies for directed web search tasks and comparing the results to using textual snippets and webpage thumbnails.
Grinding Efficiency of an Agitation-Beads Mill. (II). Relationship between the Media Flow Pattern and the Grinding Efficiency. (1991)

The relationship between the media flow pattern and the particle size distribution of CaCO3 ground by an agitation-beads mill was examined. Fractionated alumina beads between 1.7 and 2.0mm were used as grinding media. Longitudinal and cross-sectional flow patterns of the grinding media in a grinding vessel of an agitation-beads mill were observed. The mill was equipped with perforated, non-perforated or pin-discs. Several types of inhomogeneously distributed flow patterns were observed under certain operating conditions. Appearance of each pattern was determined by the media filling degree or viscosity of the fluid. The fraction of the larger particle, FL, did not depend on the energy consumption. FL, decreased with decreasing irregular segregated flow of the grinding media and increasing residence time of the specimen.
Cooperative Device Content on the Ubiquitous Network Environment (2003)

In this paper,we propose a cooperative device content on the near future ubiquitous network environment. We also describe a method to realize the content. The ubiquitous network enables more sophisticated content by using device cooperation. We believe the content ,which various devices display cooperatively, can provide more appropriate information. As a first step, we are focusing on Synchronized Multimedia Integrated Language (SMIL) content. When users play SMIL content, the content should be played on various devices cooperatively via a network. We describe a basic way of converting conventional SMIL content to cooperative device content and prototype system.
Recognition specificities, development and possible biological function of natural killer cells in the mouse. II. Changes in NK recognition during ontogeny and ageing, and examination of role of environment in controlling the expressed recognition repertoire. (1984)

We have used a spleen fragment assay to assess subpopulations of NK effector cells in individual mice and to analyse the patterns of inhibition of lytic activity seen in the presence of different sugars (mono-, di- and tri-saccharides). Our data suggest that during ontogeny the heterogeneity (diversity) of the NK effector population increases in a fashion which is somewhat characteristic of the individual strain under investigation. Furthermore, when a similar analysis was performed on NK cells in the spleen of lethally irradiated recipient mice receiving syngeneic or semi-allogeneic bone marrow stem cell precursors, we found that the phenotype of inhibition by different sugars was a characteristic of the bone marrow donor and not of the recipient. In so far as the assay described assesses target recognition by NK cells (and not subsequent parameters involved in the lytic event) these data can be interpreted in terms of a relative independence of the expressed recognition repertoire of NK cells from the environment in which their differentiation occurs.
Lysis of Plasma Clots by Urokinase-Soluble Urokinase Receptor Complexes (1998)

Single-chain urokinase plasminogen activator (scuPA), the unique form secreted by cells, expresses little intrinsic plasminogen activator activity. scuPA can be activated by proteolytic cleavage to form a two-chain enzyme (tcuPA), which is susceptible to inhibition by plasminogen activator inhibitor type I (PAI-1). scuPA is also activated when it binds to its cellular receptor (uPAR), in which case the protein remains as a single chain molecule with less susceptibility to PAIs. Fibrin clots are invested with PAI-1 derived from plasma and from activated platelets. Therefore, we compared the fibrinolytic activity of complexes between scuPA and recombinant soluble uPAR (suPAR) to that of scuPA, tcuPA, and tcuPA/suPAR complexes. scuPA/suPAR complexes mediated the lysis of plasma-derived fibrin clots 14-fold more extensively than did equimolar concentrations of scuPA and threefold more extensively than did tcuPA or tcuPA/suPAR, respectively. The enhanced catalytic activity of scuPA/suPAR required that all three domains of the receptor be present, correlated with its PAI-1 resistance, was not dependent on fibrin alone, and required a plasma cofactor that was identified as IgG. Human IgG bound specifically to suPAR and scuPA/suPAR as determined by using affinity chromatography and immunoprecipitation. Plasma depleted of IgG lost most of its capacity to promote the fibrinolytic activity of scuPA/suPAR, and the activity of the complex was restored by adding plasma concentrations of purified IgG. These studies indicate that scuPA/suPAR can function as a plasminogen activator in a physiological milieu.
Carbohydrate utilization by enterohaemorrhagic E scherichia coli O 157: H 7 in bovine intestinal content (2012)

The bovine gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the main reservoir for enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) responsible for food-borne infections. Characterization of nutrients preferentially used by EHEC in the bovine intestine would help to develop ecological strategies to reduce EHEC carriage. However, the carbon sources that support the growth of EHEC in the bovine intestine are poorly documented. In this study, a very low concentration of glucose, the most abundant monomer included in the cattle dietary polysaccharides, was detected in bovine small intestine contents (BSIC) collected from healthy cows at the slaughterhouse. Six carbohydrates reported to be included in the mucus layer covering the enterocytes [galactose, N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc), N-acetyl- galactosamine (GalNAc), fucose, mannose and N-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac)] have been quantified for the first time in BSIC and accounted for a total concentration of 4.2 mM carbohydrates. The genes required for enzymatic degradation of the six mucus-derived carbohydrates are highly expressed during the exponential growth of the EHEC strain O157:H7 EDL933 in BSIC and are more strongly induced in EHEC than in bovine commensal E. coli. In addition, EDL933 consumed the free monosaccharides present in the BSIC more rapidly than the resident microbiota and commensal E. coli, indicating a competitive ability of EHEC to catabolize mucus-derived carbohydrates in the bovine gut. Mutations of EDL933 genes required for the catabolism of each of these sugars have been constructed, and growth competitions of the mutants with the wild-type strain clearly demonstrated that mannose, GlcNAc, Neu5Ac and galactose catabolism confers a high competitive growth advantage to EHEC in BSIC and probably represents an ecological niche for EHEC strains in the bovine small intestine. The utilization of these mucus-derived monosaccharides by EDL933 is apparently required for rapid growth of EHEC in BSIC, and for maintaining a competitive growth rate as compared with that of commensal E. coli. The results suggest a strategy for O157:H7 E. coli survival in the bovine intestine, whereby EHEC rapidly consumes mucus-derived carbohydrates that are poorly consumed by bacteria belonging to the resident intestinal microbiota, including commensal E. coli.
Translational Research in Genomics of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of Current Practice and Future Perspectives (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and the number of cases is expected to increase exponentially worldwide. Three highly penetrant genes (AbetaPP, PSEN1, and PSEN2) explain only a small number of AD cases with a Mendelian transmission pattern. Many genes have been analyzed for association with non-Mendelian AD, but the only consistently replicated finding is APOE. At present, possibilities for prevention, early detection, and treatment of the disease are limited. Predictive and diagnostic genetic testing is available only in Mendelian forms of AD. Currently, APOE genotyping is not considered clinically useful for screening, presymptomatic testing, or clinical diagnosis of non-Mendelian AD. However, clinical management of the disease is expected to benefit from the rapid pace of discoveries in the genomics of AD. Following a recently developed framework for the continuum of translation research that is needed to move genetic discoveries to health applications, this paper reviews recent genetic discoveries as well as translational research on genomic applications in the prevention, early detection, and treatment of AD. The four phases of translation research include: 1) translation of basic genomics research into a potential health care application; 2) evaluation of the application for the development of evidence-based guidelines; 3) evaluation of the implementation and use of the application in health care practice; and 4) evaluation of the achieved population health impact. Most research on genome-based applications in AD is still in the first phase of the translational research framework, which means that further research is still needed before their implementation can be considered.