gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Monolithic Polyimide Micro Cryogenic Cooler: Design, Fabrication, and Test (2014)

In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and testing of a monolithic polymer Joule-Thomson microcryogenic cooler (MCC) cold stage. The MCC cold stages were fabricated monolithically on a wafer out of polyimide. The fabrication was based on surface micromachining technologies using electroplated copper as the sacrificial layers and polyimide as the structural material. The process consisted of multilayers of metallization, coating of polyimide, and the patterning on each layer. One of the key techniques enabling this monolithic approach was the development of the wafer-level 3-D interconnect for making high pressure (e.g., 10 atm) polymer fluid microchannels. To evaluate the performance of the MCC, a five-component fluid mixture designed for cooling from 300 to 200 K was used as a refrigerant. The cold tip reached 190 K under a refrigerant pressure ratio of 6.2:1.1 bar. The heat-lift at 200 K was measured to be 5.2 mW.
Guest Editorial Emerging Memories—Technology, Architecture and Applications (First Issue) (2016)

In recent nodes the technology scaling has been slow and affects on chip memories such as Static Random Access Memories (SRAMs). They have the smallest dimension and besides leakage they are also prone to process and environmental variation. Embedded and off-chip memory e.g., Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) suffers from standby power and scalability challenges. Emerging memory technologies have brought a lot of excitement to the design community because they are not only dense but are also scalable and energy-efficient. They also possess several interesting properties that are desirable for wide spectrum of applications. Nevertheless, designing systems using emerging memories requires innovations in technology, circuits/systems and applications to exploit the preferable features while suppressing the limitations. A corresponding paradigm shift in the design methodology is also required to break the conventional mindset of limiting the usage of memories only for storage. This special issue covers the latest trends in embedded as well as standalone memory design from technology all the way to systems and applications. The specific message is to motivate the readers to think of emerging memories as foundational blocks for storage as well as non-storage areas including search, non-Boolean computation, data analytics, recognition, neuromorphic computing and so on.
Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior in Alloyed Steel 15V38 during Hot Rolling (2018)

Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurring during hot rolling significantly affects the microstructural evolution and final mechanical properties of steel. In this study, single hot compression tests are performed at temperatures between 1000 and 1300 °C with strain rates between 0.01 and 15 s −1 to investigate dynamic recrystallization behavior of a 15V38 steel. Critical strains for initiation of dynamic recrystallization and peak strains are identified through the analysis of work hardening rate from the measured stress–strain results. Dynamic recrystallization is identified by the softening in the flow stress during plastic deformation and quantified as the difference between a calculated dynamic recovery curve and the measured stress–strain curve. Dynamic recrystallization is modeled using calculated critical strain, peak strain, Zener‐Hollomon ( Z ) parameter, and volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization. Subroutines accounting for dynamic recrystallization are developed and implemented into a three‐dimensional finite element model for hot rolling of a round bar. Simulation results show that dynamic recrystallization is distributed throughout the bar and exhibits a positive relationship with equivalent plastic strain. Temperature effects on dynamic recrystallization are also investigated using different rolling temperatures, and results show that the fraction of dynamic recrystallization is significantly increased as rolling temperature increases.
Calculation of internal flows using a single pass parabolized Navier-Stokes analysis (1988)

A single-pass, subsonic parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) procedure is developed to analyze three-dimensional viscous internal flows. Elliptic effects are incorporated by initializing the PNS code with the streamwise pressure gradient distribution obtained from a coarse grid Euler calculation. When the Euler code incorporates the transport of a «viscous-like» inlet vorticity profile, the rotational invisicid pressure distribution provides a good initialization for the single-pass PNS procedure
Subpicosecond Multiple Pulse Formation in Actively Mode-Locked Semiconductor Lasers (1989)

Theoretical results for active mode locked semiconductor lasers explain the multiple pulse phenomena seen for all experimental results to date showing subpicosecond pulses. Dynamic detuning, due to gain saturation, causes multiple pulse output by moving the main pulse away from the peak in the gain waveform. This mechanism also limits the inherent pulse width achievable with a given modulation waveform.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Adiponectin Receptor Signaling on Dendritic Cells Blunts Antitumor Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Adiponectin (APN) arrests dendritic cells in an immature state by inhibiting NFkB to induce T cell anergy.&lt;/p&gt;
A Biomechanical Comparison of Six Suture Configurations for Soft Tissue–Based Graft Traction and Fixation (2019)

While the SpeedTrap and FiberLoop are the strongest techniques, the FiberLoop shreds the tendon, displaced the most, and took longer to create. Based on these results, the SpeedTrap demonstrates the best overall performance.
Multi co-objective evolutionary optimization: Cross surrogate augmentation for computationally expensive problems (2012)

In this paper, we present a novel cross-surrogate assisted memetic algorithm (CSAMA) as a manifestation of multi co-objective evolutionary computation to enhance the search on computationally expensive problems by means of transferring, sharing and reusing information across objectives. In particular, the construction of surrogate for one objective is augmented with information from other related objectives to improve the prediction quality. The process is termed as a cross-surrogate modelling methodology, which will be used in lieu with the original expensive functions during the evolutionary search. Analyses on the prediction quality of the cross-surrogate modelling and the search performance of the proposed algorithm are conducted on the benchmark problems with assessments made against several state-of-the-art multiobjective evolutionary algorithms. The results obtained highlight the efficacy of the proposed CSAMA in attaining high quality Pareto optimal solutions under limited computational budget.
[Protein fractions in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood in cases of brain concussion]. (1978)

Next-generation nano-scale RFIC designs have an unprecedented complexity and performance that will inevitably lead to costly re-spins and loss of market opportunities. In order to cope with this, efficient and accurate models of interconnects, integrated inductors, the substrate and devices, together with their mutual interactions, need to be developed. The key idea is that integrated devices can no longer be treated in isolation as the EM interactions due to proximity effects are becoming more relevant in the behavior of the complete system. EM simulations must also address these interactions, so new procedures and models able to be included in coupled simulation must be developed. But these simulations may become very expensive as the complexity of the system increases, so model order reduction techniques able to treat these coupling effects are necessary in order to obtain a better performance. In this work some solutions for efficient simulation of such problems are introduced.
Target tracking using impulsive analog circuits (1992)

The electronic architecture and silicon implementation of an artificial neuron which can be used to process and classify dynamic signals is described. The electrical circuit architecture is modeled after complex neurons in the vertebrate brain which have spatially extensive dendritic tree structures that support large numbers of synapses. The circuit is primarily analog and, as in the biological model system, is virtually immune to process variations and other factors which often plague more conventional circuits. The nonlinear circuit is sensitive to both temporal and spatial signal characteristics but does not make use of the conventional neural network concept of weights, and as such does not use multipliers, adders, look-up-tables, microprocessors, or other complex computational devices. We show that artificial neural networks with passive dendritic tree structures can be trained, using a specialized genetic algorithm, to produce control signals useful for target tracking and other dynamic signal processing applications.
A One-Handed Multi-touch Method for 3D Rotations (2013)

Rotating 3D objects is a difficult task. We present a new rotation technique based on collision-free “mating” to expedite 3D rotations. It is specifically designed for one-handed interaction on tablets or touchscreens. A user study found that our new technique decreased the time to rotate objects in 3D by more than 60% in situations where objects align. We found similar results when users translated and rotated objects in a 3D scene. Also, angle errors were 35% less with mating. In essence, our new rotation technique improves both the speed and accuracy of common 3D rotation tasks.
Multiuser Millimeter Wave Beamforming Strategies With Quantized and Statistical CSIT (2017)

To alleviate the high cost of hardware in mm-wave systems, hybrid analog/digital precoding is typically employed. In the conventional two-stage feedback scheme, the analog beamformer is determined by beam search and feedback to maximize the desired signal power of each user. The digital precoder is designed based on quantization and feedback of effective channel to mitigate multiuser interference. Alternatively, we propose a one-stage feedback scheme, which effectively reduces the complexity of the signalling and feedback procedure. Specifically, the second-order channel statistics are leveraged to design digital precoder for interference mitigation while all feedback overhead is reserved for precise analog beamforming. Under a fixed total feedback constraint, we investigate the conditions under which the one-stage feedback scheme outperforms the conventional two-stage counterpart. Moreover, a rate splitting (RS) transmission strategy is introduced to further tackle the multiuser interference and enhance the rate performance. Consider: 1) RS precoded by the one-stage feedback scheme and 2) conventional transmission strategy precoded by the two-stage scheme with the same first-stage feedback as 1) and also certain amount of extra second-stage feedback. We show that 1) can achieve a sum rate comparable to that of 2). Hence, RS enables remarkable saving in the second-stage training and feedback overhead.
Structural brain abnormalities in children and adolescents with comorbid autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2019)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share high rates of comorbidity, with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition now acknowledging the comorbid diagnosis of ASD and ADHD. Although structural abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia occur in both ASD and ADHD, no structural studies have focused exclusively on patients with comorbid ASD and ADHD. We thus aimed to clarify the structural features and developmental changes in patients with comorbid ASD and ADHD in a relatively large sample from two sites. Ninety-two patients were age-matched to 141 typically developing (TD) controls (age range: 5-16 years) and assessed for volumetric characteristics using structural magnetic resonance imaging (i.e. surface-based morphometry). While there were no significant differences in prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia volumes, patients with ASD and ADHD exhibited significantly lower left postcentral gyrus volumes than TD controls. We observed significantly lower postcentral gyrus volumes exclusively in children and preadolescents, and not in adolescents. Our findings suggest that abnormal somatosensory, attributed to delayed maturation of the left postcentral gyrus, leads to the core symptoms experienced by patients with comorbid ASD and ADHD.
Meibomian Gland Diagnostic Expressibility: Correlation With Dry Eye Symptoms and Gland Location (2008)

This is the first report to document the following: (1) a correlation between the number of MGYLS in the lower eyelid and dry eye symptoms; (2) the number of MGYLS varies significantly across the lower eyelid, with the highest number of MGYLS in the nasal third and the lowest number of MGYLS in the temporal third of the lower eyelid; and (3) instrumentation to standardize diagnostic meibomian gland expression is desirable if not mandatory for the evaluation of meibomian gland function.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. EINIGER 10‐CYCLOALKYLAMINO‐DIBENZ(B,F)AZEPINE (1971)

Abstract Aus dem 10‐Brom‐dihydro‐dibenzazepin (I) entsteht das Dibromid (II), das mit Dibutylamin zu (III) dehydrobromiert und dann in Gegenwart von tert.‐Butylat mit Aminen zu (IVa) substituiert wird.
Bio-3D printing iPSC-derived human chondrocytes for articular cartilage regeneration (2021)

Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of pain and joint immobility, the incidence of which is increasing worldwide. Currently, total joint replacement is the only treatment for end-stage disease. Scaffold-based tissue engineering is a promising alternative approach for joint repair but is subject to limitations such as poor cytocompatibility and degradation-associated toxicity. To overcome these limitations, a completely scaffold-free Kenzan method for bio-3D printing was used to fabricate cartilage constructs feasible for repairing large chondral defects. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural crest cells with high potential to undergo chondrogenesis through mesenchymal stem cell differentiation were used to fabricate the cartilage. Unified, self-sufficient, and functional cartilaginous constructs up to 6 cm<sup>2</sup>in size were assembled by optimizing fabrication time during chondrogenic induction. Maturation for 3 weeks facilitated the self-organisation of the cells, which improved the construct's mechanical strength (compressive and tensile properties) and induced changes in glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen expression, resulting in improved tissue function. The compressive modulus of the construct reached the native cartilage range of 0.88 MPa in the 5th week of maturation. This paper reports the fabrication of anatomically sized and shaped cartilage constructs, achieved by combining novel iPSCs and bio-3D printers using a Kenzan needle array technology, which may facilitate chondral resurfacing of articular cartilage defects.
Abstract 14482: High-Throughput Drug Screening of iPSC-Derived Vascular Cells to Reverse PAH Phenotype (2017)

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disorder characterized by endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis, loss of distal vessels, and occlusive vascular remodeling. Current PAH therapies im...
Explaining Unwanted Behaviours in Context (2016)

Mobile malware has been increasingly identified based on unwanted behaviours like sending premium SMS messages. However, unwanted behaviours for a group of apps can be normal for another, i.e., they are context sensitive. We develop an approach to automatically explain unwanted behaviours in context and evaluate the automatic explanations via a user-study with favourable results. These explanations not only state whether an app is malware but also elaborate how and in what kind of context a decision was made.
Mould‐sensitized adults have lower Th2 cytokines and a higher prevalence of asthma than those sensitized to other aeroallergens (2016)

Our study is the first large population-based study to demonstrate reduced Th2 cytokines levels in people sensitized to mould. Underlying biological mechanisms driving allergic inflammatory responses in adults sensitized to moulds may differ from those sensitized to other aeroallergens. These findings suggest that it may be necessary to tailor treatments in individuals sensitized to moulds compared with other aeroallergens in order to optimize outcomes.
A Decade of Successful Collaborations in Nutritional Compound Process Research and Development (2021)

Collaborations between academia and industry are vital for modern industrial research and development projects, combining the best of both worlds to develop sustainable chemical processes. Herein we summarize a number of successful cooperations between DSM Nutritional Products and Swiss academic institutions that have been carried out over approximately the past decade. A wide variety of reactions and processes have been investigated with experts located in Switzerland. New synthetic routes, chemical transformations and reactor concepts have been developed to produce industrially relevant compounds. Additionally the scope of known catalytic systems has been probed and new catalysts showing improved selectivity have been designed, synthesized and tested. We describe how the research was supported by DSM, the parallel in-house investigations and also how the projects were continued and further developed.
Index (2021)

You have accessPlastics Compounding and Polymer ProcessingDec 2021IndexKlemens Kohlgrüber, Michael Bierdel, Harald RustKlemens Kohlgrüber, Michael Bierdel, Harald Rusthttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569908389.bmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF ShareFacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2021Pages: 831-846Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-837-2eISBN: 978-1-56990-838-9 Copyright & Permissions© 2022 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
X-ray reflectivity characterization of atomic layer deposition Al2O3/TiO2 nanolaminates with ultrathin bilayers (2013)

Nanolaminate structures have many prospective uses in mechanical, electrical, and optical applications due to the wide selection of materials and precise control over layer thicknesses. In this work, ultrathin Al2O3/TiO2 nanolaminate structures deposited by atomic layer deposition from Me3Al, TiCl4, and H2O precursors with intended bilayer thicknesses ranging from 0.1 to 50 nm were characterized by x-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements. The measurements were simulated to obtain values for thickness, density, and roughness of constituting layers. XRR analysis shows that the individual layers within the nanolaminate remain discrete for bilayers as thin as 0.8 nm. Further reduction in bilayer thickness produces a composite of the two materials.
Glycolysis Regulates Human Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal under Hypoxia through HIF-2α and the Glycolytic Sensors CTBPs (2019)

Glycolysis and hypoxia are key regulators of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) self-renewal, but how changes in metabolism affect gene expression is poorly understood. C-terminal binding proteins (CTBPs) are glycolytic sensors that through NADH binding link the metabolic state of the cell to its gene expression, by acting as transcriptional corepressors, or coactivators. However, the role of CTBPs in hESCs has not previously been investigated. A direct interaction between hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) and the CTBP proximal promoters in hESCs cultured only under hypoxia was demonstrated. Decreasing the rate of flux through glycolysis in hESCs maintained under hypoxia resulted in a reduction of CTBPs, OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG, but also in the expression of HIF-2α. Silencing CTBP expression resulted in the loss of pluripotency marker expression demonstrating that CTBPs are involved in hESC maintenance. These data suggest that under hypoxia, glycolysis regulates self-renewal through HIF-2α and the induction of the metabolic sensors CTBPs.
Redundant Computing Resources Management of Integrated Modular Avionics (2019)

In article the structure and the control algorithm are considered by diverse redundancy of the computing system of the perspective integrated modular avionics. Computing resources of the integrated modular avionics system are generally represented by heterogeneous computing systems used for information processing as part of the onboard integrated computing environment. The basis of heterogeneous computing systems are processor nodes, redundancy of computing systems is that the number of processor nodes is greater than one. The task is to synthesize such a computer system in which the automatic control of redundant computational resources would be carried out by using the own capabilities of the processor nodes and without the use of additional hardware resources. It is considered that the redundant computer system performs meaningful calculations of the problem solved by several processor nodes in parallel. All meaningful calculations for any signs initially divided into relatively short stages, providing an opportunity to assess the effectiveness of the completion of each of them. The computational system redundancy management is based on the periodic calculation and comparison of the success indicators of the stage. Pairwise arbitration of processor nodes is carried out according to a hierarchical scheme by comparing the values of the success indicators of the stages of the same name. Subsequent reconfiguration of the computer system allocates passive and leading processor nodes in pairs at all levels of the hierarchical scheme. The failure of the passive processor node does not affect the execution of the main cycle. The failure of the host processor node does not cause interruptions in the output of the results of calculations, but destroys the structure of reserves, which is restored after arbitration in the next cycle. Failure of the lead CPU top node leads to the failure output in the current cycle, the computational process is restored along with the new hierarchy of the computing system in the next cycle. The proposed solution is aimed at parrying both hardware failures and software malfunction. The methodical example based on the computer system of the modern onboard equipment complex of the transports category aircraft is resulted.
A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca<sup>2+</sup> Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators (2018)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are of great importance to the pharmaceutical industry as they are involved in many human diseases and include well-validated targets for therapeutic intervention. Discovery of lead compounds, including small synthetic molecules, that specifically inhibit the receptor's function, is an important initial step in drug development and relies on sensitive, specific, and robust cell-based assays. Here, we describe a kinetic cellular assay with a fluorescent readout primarily designed to identify receptor-specific antagonists that inhibit the intracellular Ca2+ release evoked upon the activation of the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) by its endogenous ligand, the CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12). A key advantage of this method is that it also enables screening of compounds endowed with intrinsic agonistic properties (i.e., compounds eliciting an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the absence of CXCL12) or compounds modulating the receptor's function via interaction with allosteric binding sites (i.e., positive and negative allosteric modulators (PAMs and NAMs, respectively)). On the down side, autofluorescent compounds might interfere with the assay's readout, thereby hampering reliable data interpretation. Most likely this assay can be implemented, with minimal adaptations, as a generic drug discovery assay for many other GPCRs of which the activation leads to a release of intracellular Ca2+.