gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DIFFERENCES IN TISSUE REMODELING POTENTIAL OF THE AORTIC AND PULMONARY HEART VALVE INTERSTITIAL CELLS (2007)

Heart valve interstitial cells (VICs) have a plastic and reversible phenotype, possibly attributable for tissue remodeling during times of development and repair. Therefore, we hypothesized that the cytoskeletal (CSK) remodeling capability of the porcine aortic and pulmonary VICs (AVICs and PVICs, respectively), which is dominated by smooth muscle a‐actin, would exhibit unique contractile behaviors when seeded on collagen gels. Moreover, we evaluated the initial mechanical state of the underlying CSK by comparing AVIC and PVIC stiffness with atomic force microscopy. AVICs were not only significantly stiffer (p&lt;0.001) than the PVICs, but also contracted the gels significantly more at 24 and 48 hours (p&lt;0.001). Neither VIC population contracted the gels at early time points (2 and 4 hours) as dermal fibroblasts did, but formed a central cluster of cells prior to contraction. After clustering, VICs appeared to radiate out from the center of the gels; fibroblasts did not migrate but contracted the gels locally. VIC gels treated with TGF‐beta1 contracted the gels rapidly, revealing similar sensitivity to the cytokine. These findings suggest that the AVICs are capable of inducing greater ECM contraction, possibly resulting in more rapid valvular tissue remodeling. Thus, mechanobiological differences between the AVIC and PVICs may exist.
Stereochemistry in “living” coordination polymerization of propene initiated by vanadium‐based catalytic systems (1984)

Abstract Soluble catalysts of V(acac) 3 and AIR 2 X (R = C 2 H 5 , n ‐C 3 H 7 , i‐C 4 H 9 ; X = Cl, Br) initiate a living polymerization of propene at −78°C to afford monodisperse polymers of syndiotactic structure. The stereochemistry of the living polymerization was investigated by examining the structures of monomdisperse polypropylenes and of propylene‐ethylene block copolymers by means of 13 C NMR spectroscopy. It was found that syndiotactic‐ and regio‐specificities of the soluble vanadium‐based catalysts are not influenced by the sequence length of the living polymer chain.
New technique for fabrication of low loss high temperature stable high reflectivity FBG sensor arrays (2016)

Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) arrays in silica based optical fibers are increasingly used in applications involving system monitoring in extreme high temperature environments. Where operational temperatures are &lt; 600 °C, traditional UVlaser inscribed FBGs are not appropriate since the induced Type I index change is erased. Instead two competing FBG technologies exist: 1) regenerative FBGs resulting from high temperature annealing of a UV-laser written grating in a hydrogen loaded fiber and 2) FBGs written with femtosecond infrared pulse duration radiation (fs-IR), either using the point-by-point method or using the phase mask approach. Regenerative gratings possess low reflectivity and are cumbersome to produce, requiring high temperature processing in an oxygen free environment. Multiple pulse Type II femtosecond IR laser induced gratings made with a phase mask, while having very good thermal stability, also tend to have high insertion loss (~ 1dB/grating) limiting the number of gratings that can be concatenated in a sensor array. Recently it has been shown that during multiple pulse type II thermally stable fs-IR FBG production, two competing process occur: an initial induced fs-IR type I FBG followed by a thermally stable high insertion loss type II FBG. In this paper, we show that if only a type I FBG is written using type II intensity conditions but limited numbers of pulses and then annealed above 600 °C, the process results in a type II grating that is stable up to 1000 °C with very low insertion loss ideal for an FBG sensor array.
The Cilkview scalability analyzer (2010)

The Cilkview scalability analyzer is a software tool for profiling, estimating scalability, and benchmarking multithreaded Cilk++ applications. Cilkview monitors logical parallelism during an instrumented execution of the Cilk++ application on a single processing core. As Cilkview executes, it analyzes logical dependencies within the computation to determine its work and span (critical-path length). These metrics allow Cilkview to estimate parallelism and predict how the application will scale with the number of processing cores. In addition, Cilkview analyzes cheduling overhead using the concept of a "burdened dag," which allows it to diagnose performance problems in the application due to an insufficient grain size of parallel subcomputations.
A material point method for snow simulation (2013)

Snow is a challenging natural phenomenon to visually simulate. While the graphics community has previously considered accumulation and rendering of snow, animation of snow dynamics has not been fully addressed. Additionally, existing techniques for solids and fluids have difficulty producing convincing snow results. Specifically, wet or dense snow that has both solid- and fluid-like properties is difficult to handle. Consequently, this paper presents a novel snow simulation method utilizing a user-controllable elasto-plastic constitutive model integrated with a hybrid Eulerian/Lagrangian Material Point Method. The method is continuum based and its hybrid nature allows us to use a regular Cartesian grid to automate treatment of self-collision and fracture. It also naturally allows us to derive a grid-based semi-implicit integration scheme that has conditioning independent of the number of Lagrangian particles. We demonstrate the power of our method with a variety of snow phenomena including complex character interactions.
Origin and Dynamics of Oxygen Storage/Release in a Pt/Ordered CeO2–ZrO2 Catalyst Studied by Time‐Resolved XAFS Analysis (2007)

Elektronen- und Strukturdynamik eines industriell genutzten Pt/CeO2-ZrO2-Katalysators, bei dem die Speicherung und Freisetzung von Sauerstoff bei 573–773 K mit einer Ausrichtung der Ce- und Zr-Ionen einhergeht, wurden durch zeitauflösende energiedispersive XAFS an der K-Kante von Zr und der L3-Kante von Ce in Echtzeit untersucht (siehe die experimentelle Anordnung). Die Ergebnisse geben Aufschluss über die katalytische Rolle der Ce- und Zr-Ionen. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z703085_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Investigation of the Proposed Interdomain Ribose Zipper in Hairpin Ribozyme Cleavage Using 2‘-Modified Nucleosides (2000)

The hairpin ribozyme achieves catalytic cleavage through interaction of essential nucleotides located in two distinct helical domains that include internal loops. Initial docking of the two domains is ion dependent and appears to be followed by a structural rearrangement that allows the ribozyme to achieve a catalytically active state that can undergo cleavage. The proposed structural rearrangement may also be ion dependent and is now of increased importance due to recent evidence that docking is not rate limiting and that metal ions are unlikely to be involved in the chemical cleavage step. An initial structural model of the docked hairpin ribozyme included a proposal for a ribose zipper motif that involves two pairs of hydroxyl groups at A(10) and G(11) in domain A pairing with C(25) and A(24) in domain B, respectively. We have used a chemical functional group substitution technique to study whether this proposed ribose zipper is likely to be present in the active, conformationally rearranged ribozyme that is fit for cleavage. We have chemically synthesized a series of individually modified hairpin ribozymes containing 2'-analogues of nucleosides, that include 2'-deoxy and 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro at each of the four nucleoside positions, 2'-amino-2'-deoxy, 2'-deoxy-2'-thio, and 2'-arabino at position C(25), and 2'-oxyamino at position A(10), as well as some double substitutions, and we studied their cleavage rates under both single- and multiple-turnover conditions. We conclude that at least some of the hydrogen-bonding interactions in the ribose zipper motif, either as originally proposed or in a recently suggested structural variation, are unlikely to be present in the active rearranged form of the ribozyme that undergoes cleavage. Instead, we provide strong evidence for a very precise conformational positioning for the residue C(25) in the active hairpin. A precise conformational requirement would be expected for C(25) if it rearranges to form a base-triple with A(9) and the essential residue neighboring the cleavage site G(+1), as recently proposed by another laboratory. Our results provide further support for conformational rearrangement as an important step in hairpin ribozyme cleavage.
Abstract 16723: Dopamine D3 Receptor Decreases NHE3 Expression and Function by Inhibiting the Activity of the De-Ubiquitinylating Enzyme, USP48, in Renal Proximal Tubule Cells (2011)

Disruption of the dopamine D3 receptor gene in mice (D3R-/-) results in high blood pressure, salt sensitivity, decreased ability to excrete a sodium load and increased renal expression of sodium/hy...
Selective Reduction of 2-[(Benzoyl)oxy]benzaldehydes without Intramolecular Transesterification (2000)

[formula: see text] NaBH4 reduction of 2,5-bis[(4'-(n-alkoxy)benzoyl)oxy]benzaldehydes produces primarily the rearranged phenol, which does not generate liquid crystalline phases when laterally attached to a polymer backbone. Rearrangement is prevented by quenching the intermediate benzyl alkoxide with a weak acid. For example, 2,5-bis[(4'-(methoxy)benzoyl)oxy]benzaldehyde is selectively reduced to 2,5-bis[(4'-(methoxy)benzoyl)oxy]-benzyl alcohol with less than 5% intramolecular transesterification using 2-3 equiv of NaBH4 in the presence of 20-30 equiv of acetic acid (1:10 NaBH4/AcOH).
Dictionaries, dictionary grammars and dictionary entry parsing (1989)

We identify two complementary processes in the conversion of machine-readable dictionaries into lexical databases: recovery of the dictionary stucture from the typographical markings which persist on the dictionary distribution tapes and embody the publishers' notational conventions; followed by making explicit all of the codified and ellided information packed into individual entries. We discuss notational conventions and tape formats, outline structural properties of dictionaries, observe a range of representational phenomena particularly relevant to dictionary parsing, and derive a set of minimal requirements for a dictionary grammar formalism. We present a general purpose dictionary entry parser which uses a formal notation designed to describe the structure of entries and performs a mapping from the flat character stream on the tape to a highly structured and fully instantiated representation of the dictionary. We demonstrate the power of the formalism by drawing examples from a range of dictionary sources which have been processed and converted into lexical databases.
Non-invasive monitoring of effective dialysis dose delivered to the haemodialysis patient (1995)

Assessment of normalized dialysis dose Kt/V actually delivered to the patient carries the drawback of requiring several blood or dialysate samplings and urea concentration measurements. In order to easily quantify Kt/V, we validate here the routine implementation of an original technique for the non-invasive, on-line, and fully automatic estimation of total mean urea clearance. This estimation is obtained from the measurement by a conductivity method of the effective ionic dialysance DR, which is the dialysance of electrolytes taking into account ultrafiltration and recirculation. The observed increase in DR with ultrafiltration rate and decrease in DR with elevation of access recirculation ratio show that the estimation of DR is affected by ultrafiltration and recirculation in a consistent manner. The mean value Keff of ionic dialysance DR was compared with the value Kdc of effective urea clearance obtained by dialysate collection during 12 haemodialysis sessions. The similarity (magnitude of variation 5%) between the ionic dialysance Keff and the effective urea clearance Kdc supports the validity of the equivalence between the transfer characteristics of electrolytes and urea through the dialyser membrane. Given an estimate of the urea distribution volume V, this estimation of effective urea clearance by ionic dialysance measurement allows an on-line estimation of the normalized dialysis dose Kt/V actually delivered to the patient.
Dementia in the Oldest Old (2013)

The oldest old-people aged 90 years and older-are the fastest-growing segment of society and have the highest rates of dementia in the population. The risk factors, diagnostic challenges, and underlying neuropathologic features of dementia are strikingly different in the 90-years-and-older population compared to younger elderly. Special consideration of these unique features of dementia is necessary when evaluating oldest-old subjects with cognitive impairment.
A Case of Gastric Volvulus (2000)

Gastric volvulus is a rare surgical disorder in the pediatric population.We experienced a case of gastric volvulus.A 2-year-old boy was admitted to hospital with abdominal distension.An upper gastrointestinal series showed reversal of the greater and lesser curvatures.Surgical exploration revealed an organoaxial volvulus of the stomach, and anterior gastropexy was performed.
Synthesis and crystal structure of Ba[V2(HPO4)4](H2O) (1993)

A new vanadium(III) phosphate, Ba[VIII2(HPO4)4](H2O), has been synthesized by hydrothermal methods, and its structure solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This vanadium phosphate crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21. The cell parameters are a = 9.441(2), b = 7.913(2), c = 9.521(2) Å; β = 117.91(2)°; V= 628.5(3)Å3; Z = 2; Dcalc = 3.387 mg mm−3; R = 0.055 and Rw = 0.065 for 1885 reflections with F > 6.0σ(F). The threedimensional [V2(HPO4)4(H2O)]2− lattice can be described as being built up of chains of eight-membered rings along the c axis, formed by corner-shared VO6 octahedra and HPO4 tetrahedra (-V-O-P-O-), which are crosslinked via interchain V-O-P bonding to produce a three-dimensional lattice. The crosslinking interaction produces 16-membered rings. Contrary to other low-valent vanadium phosphates, cavities are found in the solid,rather than tunnels. The Ba2+ and H2O are located in these cavities.
Short‐term Mortality Risk in Emergency Department Acute Heart Failure (2011)

MR-proADM and copeptin, alone or in combination, may provide superior short-term mortality prediction compared to natriuretic peptides and troponin. Presented results are explorative due to the limited number of events, but validation in larger trials seems promising.
DAS Over 1,007-km Hybrid Link With 10-Tb/s DP-16QAM Co-Propagation Using Frequency-Diverse Chirped Pulses (2022)

We report the first distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) experiment with over >1,000 km reach on a hybrid link comprising of a mixture of field and lab fibers with bi-directional inline Raman amplification after each span. We used 20× frequency-diversity chirped-pulses for the probe signal, and recovered the Rayleigh backscatter using a coherent receiver with correlation detection and diversity combining. A measurand resolution of ∼100 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{p}\epsilon /\sqrt {\mathbf{Hz}} $</tex-math></inline-formula> at a gauge length of 20 meters achieved in the offline experiment. We also demonstrate the first real-time FPGA implementation of chirped-pulse DAS without frequency diversity over a range of 210 km.
Model for the Prediction of the Lifetime and Energy Yield of Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells at Elevated Temperatures (2019)

With the realization of highly efficient perovskite solar cells, the long-term stability of these devices is the key challenge hindering their commercialization. In this work, we study the temperature-dependent stability of perovskite solar cells and develop a model capable of predicting the lifetime and energy yield of perovskite solar cells outdoors. This model results from the measurement of the kinetics governing the degradation of perovskite solar cells at elevated temperatures. The individual analysis of all key current-voltage parameters enables the prediction of device performance under thermal stress with high precision. An extrapolation of the device lifetime at various European locations based on historical weather data illustrates the relation between the laboratory data and real-world applications. Finally, the understanding of the degradation mechanisms affecting perovskite solar cells allows the definition and implementation of strategies to enhance the thermal stability of perovskite solar cells.
Expression of qa-1F activator protein: identification of upstream binding sites in the qa gene cluster and localization of the DNA-binding domain. (1987)

The qa-1F regulatory gene of Neurospora crassa encodes an activator protein required for quinic acid induction of transcription in the qa gene cluster. This activator protein was expressed in insect cell culture with a baculovirus expression vector. The activator binds to 13 sites in the gene cluster that are characterized by a conserved 16-base-pair sequence of partial dyad symmetry. One site is located between the divergently transcribed qa-1F and qa-1S regulatory genes, corroborating prior evidence that qa-1F is autoregulated and controls expression of the qa-1S repressor. Multiple upstream sites located at variable positions 5' to the qa structural genes appear to allow for greater transcriptional control by qa-1F. Full-length and truncated activator peptides were synthesized in vitro, and the DNA-binding domain was localized to the first 183 amino acids. A 28-amino acid sequence within this region shows striking homology to N-terminal sequences from other lower-eucaryotic activator proteins. A qa-1F(Ts) mutation is located within this putative DNA-binding domain.
Thermodynamic Modeling of Hydroxyapatite Crystallization with Biomimetic Precursor Design Considerations (2009)

The objective of this paper is to present a hydroxyapatite synthesis biomimetic precursor paradigm and evaluate four precursor systems against its criteria. Thermodynamic modeling was used as a method of evaluation. The system that best fit the paradigm was experimentally validated by synthesizing inorganic powders over a range of reaction conditions and characterizing the reaction products through X-ray diffraction. The Ca(C2H3O2)2−K3PO4−H2O system was found to best fit the paradigm and was effective in synthesizing hydroxyapatite as predicted by the yield diagram. On the basis of the findings of this diagram and its validation, it appears that thermodynamics largely governs the synthesis of hydroxyapatite in all these systems, making these equilibrium diagrams valuable for future research on hydroxyapatite crystallization.
Multispectral demosaicking using adaptive kernel upsampling (2011)

Multispectral demosaicking, which estimates full multispectral images from raw data observed using a single image sensor with a color filter array (CFA), is a challenging task because each spectral component is severely undersampled. In this paper, we propose a novel multispectral demosaicking algorithm. We extend existing upsampling algorithms to adaptive kernel upsampling algorithms using an adaptive kernel as a spatial weight and apply them to multispectral demosaicking. We also propose a new CFA and a direct adaptive kernel estimation from the raw data of the proposed CFA. Experimental results with real multispectral images demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
The optical system for DOC II (1991)

OptiComp Corporation is developing a general purpose digital optical computer which makes use of commercially available component technology. This computer has been named DOC II. In this manuscript, we briefly discuss some of the issues relating to the optical system of DOC II. We discuss the optical design of the various subsystems, the opto-mechanical design, and the simple system evaluation tests that were performed. As part of this discussion, we reveal some of the driving specifications, tolerance issues, and show actual test data for some of the optical subsystems.
Polycameras: Camera Clusters for Wide Angle Imaging (2005)

We present the idea of a polycamera which is defined as a tightly packed camera cluster. The cluster is arranged so as to minimize the overlap between adjacent views. The objective of such clusters is to be able to image a very large field of view without loss of resolution. Since these clusters do not have a single viewpoint, analysis is provided on the effects of such non-singularities. We also present certain configurations for polycameras which cover varying fields of view. We would like to minimize the number of sensors required to capture a given field of view. Therefore we recommend the use of wide-angle sensors as opposed to traditional long focal length sensors. However, such wide-angle sensors tend to have severe distortions which pull points towards the optical center. This paper also proposes a method for recovering the distortion parameters without the use of any calibration objects. Since distortions cause straight lines in the scene to appear as curves in the image, our algorithm seeks to find the distortion parameters that would map the image curves to straight lines. The user selects a small set of points along the image curves. Recovery of the distortion parameters is formulated as the minimization of an objective function which is designed to explicitly account for noise in the selected image points. Experimental results are presented for synthetic data with different noise levels as well as for real images. Once calibrated, the image stream from a wide angle camera can be undistorted in real time using look up tables. Finally, we apply our distortion correction technique to a polycamera made of four wide-angle cameras to create a high resolution 360 degree panorama in real-time.
On the Monte Carlo marginal MAP estimator for general state space models (2008)

Consider a state-space model xk = f(xk−1, wk), (1) yk = h(xk, vk), wk ⊥ vk, k = 1, 2,... (2) where xk is the (unobserved) state with initial density p(x0), yk is the measure-
Multi-Frequency Channel Modeling for Millimeter Wave and THz Wireless Communication via Generative Adversarial Networks (2022)

Modern cellular systems rely increasingly on simultaneous communication in multiple discontinuous bands for macro-diversity and increased bandwidth. Multi-frequency communication is particularly crucial in the millimeter wave (mmWave) and Terahertz (THz) frequencies, as these bands are often coupled with lower frequencies for robustness. Evaluation of these systems requires statistical models that can capture the joint distribution of the channel paths across multiple frequencies. This paper presents a general neural network based methodology for training multi-frequency double directional statistical channel models. In the proposed approach, each is described as a multi-clustered set, and a generative adversarial network (GAN) is trained to generate random multi-cluster profiles where the generated cluster data includes the angles and delay of the clusters along with the vectors of random received powers, angular, and delay spread at different frequencies. The model can be readily applied for multi-frequency link or network layer simulation. The methodology is demonstrated on modeling urban micro-cellular links at 28 and 140 GHz trained from extensive ray tracing data. The methodology makes minimal statistical assumptions and experiments show the model can capture interesting statistical relationships between frequencies.