gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carboxylated Poly(thiophene) Binders for High-Performance Magnetite Anodes: Impact of Cation Structure (2019)

While the focus of research related to the design of robust, high-performance Li-ion batteries relates primarily to the synthesis of active particles, the binder plays a crucial role in stability and ensures electrode integrity during volume changes that occur with cycling. Conventional polymeric binders such as poly(vinylidene difluoride) generally do not interact with active particle surfaces and fail to accommodate large changes in particle spacing during cycling. Thus, attention is now turning toward the exploration of interfacial interactions between composite electrode constituents as a key element in ensuring electrode stability. Recently, a poly[3-(potassium-4-butanoate)thiophene] (PPBT) binder component, coupled with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface coating for the active material was demonstrated to enhance both electron and ion transport in magnetite-based anodes, and it was established that the PEG/PPBT approach aids in overall battery electrode performance. Herein, the PEG/PPBT system is used as a model polymeric binder for understanding cation effects in anode systems. As such, the potassium ion was replaced with sodium, lithium, hydrogen, and ammonium through ion exchange. The potassium salt exhibited the most stable electrochemical performance, which is attributed to the cation size and resultant electrode morphology that facilitates ion transport. The lithium analogue demonstrated an initial increase in capacity but was unable to maintain this performance over 100 cycles; while the sodium-based system exhibited initially lower capacity as a result of slow reaction kinetics, which increased as cycling progressed. The parent carboxylic acid polymer and its ammonium salt were notably inferior. The results exploring the effect of ion exchange creates a framework for understanding how cations associated directly with the polymer impact electrochemical performance and aid in the overall design of binders for composite Li-ion battery anodes.
High Speed DMT for 224 Gb/s and Faster Wireline Transmission (2023)

This paper presents a high data rate wireline Discrete Multitone (DMT) transceiver capable of operating at 252 Gbps and higher for short range chip-to-chip and chip-to-module applications. The use of DMT allows for higher spectral efficiency than PAM SERDES systems, using similar bandwidth as proposed 224 Gb/s PAM-4 systems but achieves higher data rates. Data rates have improved over other published wireline DMT designs with the use of narrow sub-channels with both adaptive bit- and power-loading along with a combined transmit and receive side equalization. Simulation and measured results show that the transmit side pre-compensation has improved the BER by a factor of 104 at 250 Gb/s. The system is measured over a channel with a loss of 18 dB at 50 GHz, showing a data rate of 252 Gb/s with a BER of 10-6, and a data rate of 400 Gb/s with a BER of 10-2.
Identification and reconnection of interrupted vessels in retinal vessel segmentation (2011)

The morphology of retinal blood vessels contains valuable information for the diagnosis of retinal dysfunctions. The vessels can be segmented from color fundus images but the connectivity of the segmented vessels is not always preserved because of low contrast, imaging noise and artifacts. If a continuous vessel is interpreted as multiple disjoint vessel segments, the morphological measurements such as tortuosity may not be representative of true properties of retinal vessels. We describe an algorithm to identify the vessel segment interruptions based on connected component analysis and then reconnect them using a graph based approach. The proposed method was evaluated on a dataset of 25 vessel segmentation images resulting into a reconnection performance measure of 81.63% compared to the gold standard obtained by the manual reconnection process. Our approach has allowed the complete vessel tree to be connected, and has potential in providing improved morphological measurements.
A new head actuator for high frequency band (2000)

We propose a new type actuator to suppress the resonance gain in quasi-rigid body vibration mode (QR mode) caused by the stiffness of support bearings. This paper describes a new head actuator for high frequency band. A special design in actuator construction leads to generation of pure torque in the actuator. We applied this actuator for 3.5 inch HDD. The electromagnetic characteristics, mechanical dynamics and performance of the actuator were measured. The results show that the peak gain of quasi-rigid body vibration mode is substantially suppressed with this special design.
Properties and Performance of High Purity Thermal Barrier Coatings (2007)

Abstract It was found that the content of impurity oxides in 7YSZ, such as SiO2 and Al2O3, has a significant effect on the coating sintering resistance and phase stability of 7YSZ thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). The reduction of the impurity content will significantly improve the sintering resistance and phase stability of 7YSZ TBCs and thus allow the 7YSZ TBCs to be used at higher temperatures.
Metal–Organic Framework Thin Film Coated Optical Fiber Sensors: A Novel Waveguide-Based Chemical Sensing Platform (2018)

Integration of optical fiber with sensitive thin films offers great potential for the realization of novel chemical sensing platforms. In this study, we present a simple design strategy and high performance of nanoporous metal-organic framework (MOF) based optical gas sensors, which enables detection of a wide range of concentrations of small molecules based upon extremely small differences in refractive indices as a function of analyte adsorption within the MOF framework. Thin and compact MOF films can be uniformly formed and tightly bound on the surface of etched optical fiber through a simple solution method which is critical for manufacturability of MOF-based sensor devices. The resulting sensors show high sensitivity/selectivity to CO<sub>2</sub> gas relative to other small gases (H<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, and CO) with rapid (<tens of seconds) response time and excellent reversibility, which can be well correlated to the physisorption of gases into a nanoporous MOF. We propose a refractive index based sensing mechanism for the MOF-integrated optical fiber platform which results in an amplification of inherent optical absorption present within the MOF-based sensing layer with increasing values of effective refractive index associated with adsorption of gases.
Determination of positron emission intensity in the decay of 86gY (2023)

The β + - emitting radionuclide 86 gY (t1/2 = 14.7 h) forms a matched-pair with the β - -emitting therapeutic radionuclide 90 Y (t1/2 = 2.7 d) for theranostic application in medicine. Precise knowledge of the positron emission probability of the PET nuclide is very important, which was rather uncertain for 86g Y until recently. In this work, an 86g Y source of high radionuclidic purity was prepared and the positron emission intensity per 100 decay of the parent (hereafter “positron emission intensity”) was determined by measuring the 511 keV annihilation γ-ray using high-resolution HPGe detector. The total source activity was obtained from known γ-ray emission probabilities. The electron capture (EC) intensity was also determined as an additional check by measuring the K α and K β X-rays of energies 14.1 and 15.8 keV, respectively, using a low energy HPGe detector. From those measurements, normalized values of 27.2 ± 2.0% for β + -emission and 72.8 ± 2.0% for EC were deduced. These results are in excellent agreement with values recently reported in the literature based on a detailed decay scheme study.
Air-ground channels for UAS: Summary of measurements and models for L- and C-bands (2016)

Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are being used in an ever-expanding variety of applications. For their safe integration into the worldwide airspace, reliable control and non-payload communication (CNPC) systems must be developed. The performance of any CNPC system depends critically upon the characteristics of the air-ground (AG) channel. Hence the authors, supported by NASA Glenn Research Center, gathered data from an air-ground measurement campaign explicitly aimed at characterizing this channel in two bands recently allocated for UAS, the L- and C-bands. The measurements were conducted in 2013, and produced the largest set of AG channel data ever gathered to date. This data, for seven ground site (GS) environments, was subsequently processed to develop models for the AG channel's characteristics. In this paper we summarize the measurement campaign, measurement results, and completed models for propagation path loss, small-scale fading, airframe shadowing, wideband multipath characteristics, and correlations among the channel effects on two antennas and in the two bands. Path loss in the line-of-sight (LOS) AG channels generally follows that of free-space, but with significant two-ray attenuation peaks (exceeding 18 dB) recorded for relatively smooth earth surfaces. Small-scale fading was found to be well-modeled as Ricean, with K-factors on the order of 12 dB for L-band, 28 dB for C-band. Airframe shadowing was also found to be potentially severe, yielding attenuations of larger than 30 dB for both bands. As expected in the LOS conditions, channels were highly correlated for signals in the same band, but essentially uncorrelated between the two bands. Wideband models contain from one to seven intermittent multipath components, with power levels ~ 20 dB down from that of the LOS component; these yield root-mean square delay spreads up to ~ 2 microseconds. These results have been incorporated into the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RCTA)'s Special Committee (SC)-228 work on UAS, and should be of use to future designers and developers of UAS communication systems.
Improve Image Codec’s Performance By Variating Post Enhancing Neural Network:Submission of zxw for CLIC2020 (2020)

Adding post enhancing filter after traditional image decoder to improve reconstruction quality is nowadays a very common method [1],[2],[3],[5]. Researchers use a large network filter or repeatedly stack single/multiple types of relative simple filters together. They all achieved better results. On the other hand the training materials and training time increases exponentially for a larger network scale, and the performance improvement becomes less and little. We learn this experience from the CLIC2019 low-rate track, where we proposed the VimicroABCnet and VimicroSpeed[4], with 2 post filters of different scale. The later one(5 time larger than the small one) achieved the final test's PSNR by improvement of only 0.02db@0.15bpp. In this paper, we propose a method to variate an existing post network filter(base filter). The base filter is altered into different ones, alternation only happens to weights. The key of the method is to divide the training data into different groups. Based on the pre-trained base filter, different altered filters are individually fine-trained with different group of training data. There are different ways to divide the training data, and we use a relative simple one. Sort by compression rate(with traditional codec) and bin the training images in to 4/8 group of training data subsets. With the new filters plus the base one, we now have 5/9 filters candidates in encoding phase and choose the best. The CLIC2019 test data show that PSNR increases 0.04db@0.15bpp and 0.06db@0.15bpp than the one filter VimicroSpeed method. This method requires the same training data and perfectly suitable for multi-GPU training scheme, and retraining the altered filters is much easier and consuming less time than training a relative large network filter. Also the result is better(5 filters scheme@0.04db vs VimicroABCnet@0.02db).
The Effects of thermal cycling on the creep performance of a single crystal alloy (2019)

International audience
Gold–Organic–Inorganic High‐Surface‐Area Materials as Precursors of Highly Active Catalysts (2006)

Ein Herz aus Gold: 2-nm-Au-Nanopartikel (blaue Kugeln im Bild) mit einer Hülle aus Alkanthiolen, die teilweise mit Alkoxysilan-Gruppen funktionalisiert sind, wurden in eine „offene Schale“ aus Siliciumdioxid eingeschlossen. Durch Calcinieren dieses Dreikomponentenmaterials entstand ein Katalysator für die CO-Oxidation bei niedrigen Temperaturen, der um eine Größenordnung aktiver war als Au auf strukturierten mesoporösen Trägern.
Vertical c-axis microbridge junctions in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7//PrBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ thin films (1995)

The fabrication and measurement of microbridge junctions in the vertical c-axis direction of YBCO/PBCO/YBCO evaporated thin films is described. Single junctions show critical current modulation with applied magnetic field, the period scaling with junction size. The IV characteristics show Shapiro steps to high order when irradiated with microwaves. Initial measurements of linear arrays suggest that with further optimisation of the processing steps a reproducible junction technology could emerge. Very low inductance (L/spl ap/5-15 pH) SQUIDs have been demonstrated with dV/d/spl Phi/>1 mV//spl Phi//sub 0/ at 50 K. The vertical SQUID loop geometry of these SQUIDs has allowed a direct determination of the penetration depth as a function of temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Clinical trial design data for electrocardiogram artificial intelligence-guided screening for low ejection fraction (EAGLE) (2019)

The article details the materials that will be used in a clinical trial - ECG AI-Guided Screening for Low Ejection Fraction (EAGLE): Rationale and design of a pragmatic cluster randomized trial [1]. It includes a clinician-facing action recommendation report that will translate an artificial intelligence algorithm to routine practice and an alert when a positive screening result is found. This report was developed using a user-centered approach via an iterative process with input from multiple physician groups. Such data can be reused and adapted to translate other artificial intelligence algorithms. This article also includes data collection forms we developed for the clinical trial aiming to evaluate the artificial intelligence algorithm. Such materials can be adapted for other clinical trials.
Abstract 4455: DNA methylation as biomarkers to predict early recurrence of T1-2N0 lung cancer (2016)

Abstract Purpose: Many patients die of recurrent NSCLC. Current clinical and molecular tests fail to predict patients at high risk for recurrence. We investigated the relationship between gene promoter methylation and recurrence of NSCLC and its prediction accuracy. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients who underwent surgery for T1-2N0 NSCLC. We collected primary tumors, regional lymph nodes (RLN) and mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN). A total of 112 patients were included; cases (n = 39) and controls (n = 73) were defined based on cancer recurrence within 40 months of surgery. Promoter methylation of eight cancer-related genes (CDO1, TAC1, SOX17, p16, CDH13, RASSF1A, APC and MGMT) was obtained by using nanoparticle-based DNA extraction followed by qMSP. Logistic regression analysis adjusted by age, gender, race, tumor size and pack year was used to study the relationship between the gene promoter methylation and the risk of recurrence of NSCLC; machine learning assessed its prediction accuracy. Results: Cases had significantly higher p16 methylation levels than controls in all three tissue types by univariate and multivariate analysis after adjusting for confounders (age, gender, race, tumor size, smoking history, and other gene methylation levels). SOX17 was significantly methylated among cases in both RLN and MLN samples, and remained significant in MLN after adjusting for confounders. Table 1 shows the prediction accuracy of p16 and SOX17 using tumor tissue alone and combined with RLN and/or MLN. Prediction accuracies were increased after adding biomarkers from lymph nodes. Conclusion: Increased methylation status in the promoter region of p16 and SOX17 is associated with an increased risk of cancer recurrence among patients with T1-2N0 NSCLC treated with curative resection. Adding molecular analyses of lymph nodes to primary tumor samples significantly increased the diagnostic accuracy of predicting recurrence in these patients. Table 1.Prediction accuracy using tumor and combined with RLN and/or MLN.Tissue SamplesSensitivitySpecificityPPVNPVTumor0.410.840.520.76Tumor+RLN0.680.960.900.84Tumor+MLN0.560.880.710.79Tumor+RLN+MLN0.690.900.790.85 Citation Format: Chen Chen, Andrew Yang, Devlin Danielle, Kristen Rodgers, Peng Huang, Zhihao Lu, Candace Griffin, Beverly Lee, Richard Battafarano, Fenglei Yu, Tza-Huei Wang, Stephen Baylin, James Herman, Alicia Hulbert, Malcolm Brock. DNA methylation as biomarkers to predict early recurrence of T1-2N0 lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4455.
Magnetostatic response of 3D metallic traces created using dynamic membrane projection lithography (2012)

The magnetostatic response of a variety of 3D metallic loop traces are studied numerically by evaluating the Biot- Savart law as a first step in understanding the radiative behavior of such structures. These numerical studies confirm that the magnetostatic behavior of localized planar and non-planar current distributions are equivalent to magnetic dipoles in the far field, however the near-field behavior of these traces can be quite different.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase as a Target for Preconditioning in Transplantation Medicine (2010)

Graft quality before transplantation is a major factor influencing chronic rejection. Organ preservation and ischemia/reperfusion play an important role in the induction of organ injury. Although both suppression of metabolism by hypothermic preservation and preconditioning before ischemia limit injury, understanding the biochemical signaling pathways will allow us to optimize graft preservation further. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important enzyme sensing cellular energy balance and regulating downstream signaling pathways, signaling toward an energy-conserving state. In this review, we summarize available literature regarding the protective signaling pathways activated by (hypothermic) ischemia and preconditioning and how they can be activated pharmacologically. Optimizing the graft quality before transplantation improves long-term graft survival. The major factor influencing organ quality is organ preservation, cold storage, currently, being a common practice. Loss of cellular homeostasis, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction are the major factors inducing injury after cold storage. Adenosine triphosphate depletion and anaerobic metabolism during the cold ischemic period lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbed osmoregulation, and cell death inducing inflammation. Ischemic preconditioning consists of brief periods of ischemia preceding preservation and protects organs against injury because of subsequent ischemia/reperfusion, in which endothelial nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor-kB, and adenosine play a major role. After conversion of adenosine to AMP, AMPK can be activated, a central kinase involved in sensing cellular [AMP]:[adenosine triphosphate] levels and signaling toward an energy-conserving state. Pharmacologic activation of AMPK demonstrated its ability to activate endothelial nitric oxide synthase and inhibit nuclear factor-kB, thereby limiting endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Further, studies in knock-out mice lacking ENTDP1 and NT5E (enzymes catalyzing formation and degradation of AMP, respectively) demonstrated a clear protective role for AMP in ischemia/reperfusion. AMPK activation before or during organ preservation might be a promising pharmacologic approach to limit organ injury and maintain graft quality before transplantation.
Detection of pepsin in sputum: a rapid and objective measure of airways reflux (2015)

The diagnostic test, Peptest (RD Biomed Ltd, Cottingham, UK), detects pepsin in expectorated saliva and is established as a simple, noninvasive measure of reflux of gastric contents. It has been used to detect pepsin A in patients with both gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and extra-oesophageal reflux into the laryngopharynx and airways [1–5]. Detection of salivary pepsin (Peptest) may be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of airway reflux <http://ow.ly/T7B0l> We gratefully acknowledge the RD Biomed Ltd technical assistance of Jeanine Fisher (Cottingham, UK), the NHS patient management of Karen Welburn and the NHS secretarial assistance of Hanka Remblance (both Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabloic Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham).
Total Synthesis of Tambromycin Enabled by Indole C–H Functionalization (2018)

The total synthesis of tambromycin (1), a recently isolated tetrapeptide, is reported. This unusual natural product possesses a highly modified tryptophan-derived indole fragment fused to an α-methylserine-derived oxazoline ring, and a unique noncanonical amino acid residue named tambroline (11). A convergent synthesis of tambromycin was achieved by a 13-step route that leveraged recent developments in the field of C-H functionalization to prepare the complex indole fragment, as well as an efficient synthesis of tambroline that featured a diastereoselective amination of homoproline.
Reaction dynamics of atomic chlorine with methane: Importance of methane bending and torsional excitation in controlling reactivity (1998)

The reactions of atomic chlorine with CH4 and CD4 were studied at five collision energies ranging from 0.13 to 0.29 eV using resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization of the CH3 and CD3 products. Core-extracted ion arrival profiles were used to determine methyl radical product speed distributions. The distributions contain products that are moving anomalously fast which energetically cannot result from the reaction of ground-state chlorine with ground-state methane. We attribute these products to reaction of ground-state chlorine with methane vibrationally excited in trace quantities into low-energy bending and torsional modes. Measurements of product spatial anisotropy are used to confirm this interpretation and to indicate that the possible reaction of spin–orbit excited chlorine is less important. These low-energy vibrations create large enhancements in reactivity over ground-state molecules, and consequently, vibrationally excited reagents dominate reactivity at low collision energies and contribute substantially at the highest collision energies studied. It is suggested that vibrationally excited reagents play an important role in the thermal kinetics of the reaction of chlorine with methane and may contribute significantly to explain the observed deviation from Arrhenius equation behavior. Scattering distributions of the products of both ground-state and vibrationally excited reactions are reported, and additional measurements of the internal state distributions of the CH3 and CD3 products reveal that the methyl radicals contain very little energy in rotation or vibration.