gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A small protein inhibits proliferating cell nuclear antigen by breaking the DNA clamp (2016)

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) forms a trimeric ring that encircles duplex DNA and acts as an anchor for a number of proteins involved in DNA metabolic processes. PCNA has two structurally similar domains (I and II) linked by a long loop (inter-domain connector loop, IDCL) on the outside of each monomer of the trimeric structure that makes up the DNA clamp. All proteins that bind to PCNA do so via a PCNA-interacting peptide (PIP) motif that binds near the IDCL. A small protein, called TIP, binds to PCNA and inhibits PCNA-dependent activities although it does not contain a canonical PIP motif. The X-ray crystal structure of TIP bound to PCNA reveals that TIP binds to the canonical PIP interaction site, but also extends beyond it through a helix that relocates the IDCL. TIP alters the relationship between domains I and II within the PCNA monomer such that the trimeric ring structure is broken, while the individual domains largely retain their native structure. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) confirms the disruption of the PCNA trimer upon addition of the TIP protein in solution and together with the X-ray crystal data, provides a structural basis for the mechanism of PCNA inhibition by TIP.
Tight Glycemic Control in Critically Ill Children (2017)

Critically ill children with hyperglycemia did not benefit from tight glycemic control targeted to a blood glucose level of 80 to 110 mg per deciliter, as compared with a level of 150 to 180 mg per deciliter. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; HALF-PINT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01565941 .).
Actinide tris(hydrocarbyls). Synthesis, properties, structure, and molecular dynamics of thorium and uranium pentamethylcyclopentadienyltris(.eta.n-benzyls) (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActinide tris(hydrocarbyls). Synthesis, properties, structure, and molecular dynamics of thorium and uranium pentamethylcyclopentadienyltris(.eta.n-benzyls)Eric A. Mintz, Kenneth G. Moloy, Tobin J. Marks, and Victor W. DayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 17, 4692–4695Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00381a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00381a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views414Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐ or Cobalt‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Arylsulfonic Acid Salts with Grignard Reagents. (2015)

Abstract CoCl 2 (PCy 3 ) 2 as catalyst is also applicable though it results in somewhat lower yields.
Novel genotype–phenotype correlation of functionally characterized LMX1A variants linked to sensorineural hearing loss (2020)

LMX1A, encoding the LIM homeobox transcription factor, is essential for inner ear development. Despite previous reports of three human LMX1A variants with nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) in the literature, functional characterization of these variants has never been performed. Encouraged by identification of a de novo, heterozygous, missense variant (c.595A > G; p.Arg199Gly) located in the homeodomain of LMX1A in a subject with congenital severe-to-profound deafness through Exome sequencing, we performed luciferase assay to evaluate transcriptional activity of all LMX1A variants reported in the literature including p.Arg199Gly. Resultantly, p.Arg199Gly manifesting the most severe NSHL showed the biggest reduction of transcriptional activity in contrast with moderately reduced activity of p.Cys97Ser and p.Val241Leu associated with less severe progressive NSHL, proposing a genotype-phenotype correlation. Further, our dominant LMX1A variant exerted pathogenic effects via haploinsufficiency rather than dominant-negative effect. Collectively, we provide a potential genotype-phenotype correlation of LMX1A variants as well as the pathogenic mechanism of LMX1A-related NSHL.
Neglect after right hemisphere stroke (1999)

To the Editor:

We read with interest the article by Barrett et al.1 on neglect after right hemisphere stroke and their conclusions concerning attention distribution. However, the authors did not mention certain crucial points that might have had a marked influence on their conclusion.

There are no comments on the visual fields of the patients, although many patients with hemi-neglect have coexistent visual field defects.2 Judging the MRI scans of the four patients reported,1 the optic tract seems to be involved in most of them. Furthermore, Barton et al.3 recently showed that patients with hemianopia and hemi-neglect had distinctively different fixation patterns in the line bisection test. The hemianopic group had a twin-peaked distribution, with one peak nearer the center of the line but shifted 2–4° into the hemispace ipsilateral to their hemianopia, and the second peak coinciding with …
Fabrication of Large-Scale Porous Aluminum by Enhanced Friction Powder Compaction Process through Traversing Tool Based on Sintering and Dissolution Process (2013)

Open-cell porous aluminum with a controlled pore structure can be fabricated by sintering and dissolution process. To overcome the size limitation of porous aluminum fabricated by the sintering and dissolution process, an enhanced friction powder compaction (FPC) process for fabricating porous aluminum was proposed. In this process, the rotating tool plunged into the powder mixture and die during the FPC process is made to traverse perpendicular to the direction of plunging. It was found that long porous aluminum can be fabricated with a length equal to the tool traversing length. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of the pore structures, it was found that although the region in the vicinity of the traversing rotating tool had an elongated pore structure, almost the entire sample had a pore structure that was similar to the NaCl morphology, regardless of the traversing direction. From compression test, fabricated porous aluminum exhibited ductile fracture, which is considered to be attributed to the good bonding between aluminum particles.
Staging Alzheimer’s Disease Risk by Sequencing Brain Function and Structure, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Cognition Biomarkers (2016)

This study aims to develop a composite biomarker that can accurately measure the sequential biological stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) on an individual level. We selected 144 subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 datasets. Ten biomarkers, from brain function and structure, cerebrospinal fluid, and cognitive performance, were integrated using the event-based probabilistic model to estimate their optimal temporal sequence (Soptimal). We identified the numerical order of the Soptimal as the characterizing Alzheimer's disease risk events (CARE) index to measure disease stage. The results show that, in the Soptimal, hippocampal and posterior cingulate cortex network biomarkers occur first, followed by aberrant cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β and p-tau levels, then cognitive deficit, and finally regional gray matter loss and fusiform network abnormality. The CARE index significantly correlates with disease severity and exhibits high reliability. Our findings demonstrate that use of the CARE index would advance AD stage measurement across the whole AD continuum and facilitate personalized treatment of AD.
ChemInform Abstract: BESTANDTEILE VON ISODON TRICHOCARPUS KUDO 2. MITT. STRUKTUREN VON ENMENIN, ENMELOL UND EMEMODIN (1970)

Abstract Die Struktur des Hauptbestandteiles Enmein ist bereits bekannt.
Construction, figures of merit, and testing of a single-cell fluorescence excitation spectroscopy system (2010)

Characterization of phytoplankton community composition is critical to understanding the ecology and biogeochemistry of the oceans. One approach to taxonomic characterization takes advantage of differing pigmentation between algal taxa and thus differences in fluorescence excitation spectra. Analyses of bulk water samples, however, may be confounded by interference from chromophoric dissolved organic matter or suspended particulate matter. Here, we describe an instrument that uses a laser trap based on a Nikon TE2000-U microscope to position individual phytoplankton cells for confocal fluorescence excitation spectroscopy, thus avoiding interference from the surrounding medium. Quantitative measurements of optical power give data in the form of photons emitted per photon of exposure for an individual phytoplankton cell. Residence times for individual phytoplankton in the instrument can be as long as several minutes with no substantial change in their fluorescence excitation spectra. The laser trap was found to generate two-photon fluorescence from the organisms so a modification was made to release the trap momentarily during data acquisition. Typical signal levels for an individual cell are in the range of 10(6) photons/s of fluorescence using a monochromated 75 W Xe arc lamp excitation source with a 2% transmission neutral density filter.
All digital transmitter scheme and transceiver design for pulse-based ultra-wideband radio (2004)

This paper describes a new transmitting scheme which doesn't need a pulse generator and hardware design for pulse-based ultra-wideband radio avoiding expensive and power hungry analog components especially at transmitter. The transmitter, which was implemented in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, was 40 /spl mu/W average power simulated by HSPICE at 1 M pulse per second and 1 GHz bandwidth. The simplified pulse generation scheme at the transmitter was proposed. In the board experiment, the received signal was multiplied at mixer as an ideal by template pulse generated by second order RC filter. Moreover, the whole analog component of the receiver was simulated by MATLAB, and the usefulness was confirmed.
The security of all RSA and discrete log bits (2004)

We study the security of individual bits in an RSA encrypted message E N ( x ). We show that given E N ( x ), predicting any single bit in x with only a nonnegligible advantage over the trivial guessing strategy, is (through a polynomial-time reduction) as hard as breaking RSA. Moreover, we prove that blocks of O (log log N ) bits of x are computationally indistinguishable from random bits. The results carry over to the Rabin encryption scheme.Considering the discrete exponentiation function g x modulo p , with probability 1 − o (1) over random choices of the prime p , the analog results are demonstrated. The results do not rely on group representation, and therefore applies to general cyclic groups as well. Finally, we prove that the bits of ax + b modulo p give hard core predicates for any one-way function f .All our results follow from a general result on the chosen multiplier hidden number problem: given an integer N , and access to an algorithm P x that on input a random a ∈ Z N , returns a guess of the i th bit of ax mod N , recover x . We show that for any i , if P x has at least a nonnegligible advantage in predicting the i th bit, we either recover x , or, obtain a nontrivial factor of N in polynomial time. The result also extends to prove the results about simultaneous security of blocks of O (log log N ) bits.
Endogenous carbohydrate esterases of Clostridium thermocellum are identified and disrupted for enhanced isobutyl acetate production from cellulose (2020)

Medium-chain esters are versatile chemicals with broad applications as flavors, fragrances, solvents, and potential drop-in biofuels. Currently, these esters are largely produced by the conventional chemical process that uses harsh operating conditions and requires high energy input. Alternatively, the microbial conversion route has recently emerged as a promising platform for sustainable and renewable ester production. The ester biosynthesis pathways can utilize either lipases or alcohol acyltransferase (AAT), but the AAT-dependent pathway is more thermodynamically favorable in an aqueous fermentation environment. Even though a cellulolytic thermophile Clostridium thermocellum harboring an AAT-dependent pathway has recently been engineered for direct conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into esters, the production is not efficient. One potential bottleneck is the ester degradation caused by the endogenous carbohydrate esterases (CEs) whose functional roles are poorly understood. The challenge is to identify and disrupt CEs that can alleviate ester degradation while not negatively affecting the efficient and robust capability of C. thermocellum for lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction. In this study, by using bioinformatics, comparative genomics, and enzymatic analysis to screen a library of CEs, we identified and disrupted the two most critical CEs, Clo1313_0613 and Clo1313_0693, that significantly contribute to isobutyl acetate degradation in C. thermocellum. We demonstrated that an engineered esterase-deficient C. thermocellum strain not only reduced ester hydrolysis but also improved isobutyl acetate production while maintaining effective cellulose assimilation.
Diastereo- and Enantioselective CuH-Catalyzed Hydroamination of Strained Trisubstituted Alkenes (2019)

Amine-substituted cyclobutanes and cyclopropanes are important substructures in biologically active compounds. Moreover, many of the cycloalkane units bear multiple substituents and stereocenters. Therefore, synthetic methods that produce polysubstituted aminocyclobutanes and aminocyclopropanes in a highly diastereo- and enantioselective manner are of importance. Herein, we describe the diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of various types of polysubstituted aminocyclobutanes and aminocyclopropanes through CuH-catalyzed hydroamination of 1-substituted cyclobutenes and cyclopropenes. These strained trisubstituted alkenes exhibit much higher reactivity compared to their unstrained analogues in the initial hydrocupration step of the reaction. Moreover, an interesting reversal of regioselectivity was observed in the hydroamination of 1-aryl-substituted cyclobutenes compared to the cyclopropene analogues. The origins of the enhanced reactivity of strained trisubstituted alkenes as well as the differences in the regio- and enantioselectivity between reactions with cyclobutenes and cyclopropenes were investigated computationally.
Circumventing cellular immunity by miR142-mediated regulation sufficiently supports rAAV-delivered OVA expression without activating humoral immunity (2019)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated gene delivery can efficiently target muscle tissues to serve as "biofactories" for secreted proteins in prophylactic and therapeutic scenarios. Nevertheless, efficient rAAV-mediated gene delivery is often limited by host immune responses against the transgene product. The development of strategies to prevent anti-transgene immunity is therefore crucial. The employment of endogenous microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation to detarget transgene expression from antigen presenting cells (APCs) has shown promise for reducing immunogenicity. However, the mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated modulation of anti-transgene immunity by APC detargeting are not fully understood. Using the highly immunogenic ovalbumin (OVA) protein as a proxy for foreign antigens, we show that rAAV vectors containing miR142 binding sites efficiently repress co-stimulatory signals in dendritic cells, significantly blunt the cytotoxic T cell response, allow for sustained transgene expression in skeletal myoblasts, and attenuate clearance of transduced muscle cells in mice. Furthermore, the blunting of humoral immunity against circulating OVA correlates with detargeting of OVA expression from APCs. This demonstrates that incorporating APC-specific miRNA binding sites into rAAV vectors provides an effective strategy for reducing transgene-specific immune response. This approach holds promise for clinical applications where the safe and efficient delivery of a prophylactic or therapeutic protein is desired.
Early-Onset Dementia in War Veterans: Brain Polypathology and Clinicopathologic Complexity (2019)

The neuropathology associated with cognitive decline in military personnel exposed to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and chronic stress is incompletely understood. Few studies have examined clinicopathologic correlations between phosphorylated-tau neurofibrillary tangles, β-amyloid neuritic plaques, neuroinflammation, or white matter (WM) lesions, and neuropsychiatric disorders in veterans. We describe clinicopathologic findings in 4 military veterans with early-onset dementia (EOD) who had varying histories of blunt- and blast-TBI, cognitive decline, behavioral abnormalities, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation, and suicide. We found that pathologic lesions in these military-EOD cases could not be categorized as classic Alzheimer's disease (AD), chronic traumatic encephalopathy, traumatic axonal injury, or other well-characterized clinicopathologic entities. Rather, we observed a mixture of polypathology with unusual patterns compared with pathologies found in AD or other dementias. Also, ultrahigh resolution ex vivo MRI in 2 of these 4 brains revealed unusual patterns of periventricular WM injury. These findings suggest that military-EOD cases are associated with atypical combinations of brain lesions and distribution rarely seen in nonmilitary populations. Future prospective studies that acquire neuropsychiatric data before and after deployments, as well as genetic and environmental exposure data, are needed to further elucidate clinicopathologic correlations in military-EOD.
Fabrication of low‐field water‐cooled resistive magnets for small animal magnetic resonance imaging (2006)

Abstract There are many nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that employ resistive magnets. Resistive magnets are particularly useful for low‐field (&lt;0.5 T) imaging and for applications involving the cycling of magnetic fields. This article discusses a general technique for the fabrication of resistive magnets that can be used in small animal MR imaging. A detailed discussion is given of the magnet winding technique, the forced‐water cooling system design and construction, and the support structure. Two examples are given of resistive systems built by the authors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 29B: 168–175, 2006.
Molecular Cloning of the 3'-Terminal Region of Garlic Potyviruses and Immunological Detection of Their Coat Proteins (1999)

cDNAs complementary to the 3'-terminal regions of two potyvirus genomes were cloned and sequenced. The clone G7 contains one open reading frame (ORF) of 1,338 nucleotides and a 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of 403 nucleotides at the 3'-end excluding the 3'end poly(A) tail. The putative viral coat protein (CP) shows 55%-92% amino acid sequence homology to those of Allium potyviruses. The genome size of the virus was analyzed to be about 9.0 kb by Northern blot analysis. Five cDNA clones were screened out using GPV2 oligonucleotide as a probe. One of these clones, DEA72, which has a longest cDNA insert, contains one ORF of 1,459 nucleotides and a 3'-UTR of 590 nucleotides at the 3'-end excluding the 3'-end poly(A) tail. The putative viral CP shows 57%-88% amino acid sequence homologies to those of Allium potyviruses. The genome size of the virus was analyzed to be about 9.6 kb by Northern blot analysis. The results of immunoblot and Northern blot analyses suggest that almost all of the tested garlic plants showing mosaic or streak symptoms are infected with DEA72-potyvirus in variable degrees but rarely infected with G7-potyvirus in variable degrees but rarely infected with DEA72-potyvirus in variable degrees but rarely infected with G7-potyvirus. Immunoelectron microscopy using anti-DEA72 CP antibody shows that this potyvirus is about 750 nm long and flexuous rod shaped.
dFault: Fault Localization in Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems (2010)

Distributed hash tables (DHTs) have been adopted as a building block for large-scale distributed systems. The upshot of this success is that their robust operation is even more important as mission-critical applications begin to be layered on them. Even though DHTs can detect and heal around unresponsive hosts and disconnected links, several hidden faults and performance bottlenecks go undetected, resulting in unanswered queries and delayed responses. In this paper, we propose dFault, a system that helps large-scale DHTs to localize such faults. Informed with a log of failed queries called symptoms and some available information about the hosts in the DHT, dFault identifies the potential root causes (hosts and overlay links) that with high likelihood contributed towards those symptoms. Its design is based on the recently proposed dependency graph modeling and inference approach for fault localization. We describe the design of dFault, and show that it can accurately localize the root causes of faults with modest amount of information collected from individual nodes using a real prototype deployed over PlanetLab.
Somatostatin. Total solid phase synthesis (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSomatostatin. Total solid phase synthesisJean E. F. RivierCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 9, 2986–2992Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00816a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00816a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts