gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissociation of Insulin Resistance and Decreased Insulin Receptor Binding in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy* (1985)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked inherited neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive weakness and severe muscle wasting. Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism are often associated with neuromuscular disorders. We performed oral glucose tolerance tests and insulin binding studies on erythrocytes from 17 DMD and 8 normal males. Furthermore, we measured insulin binding to erythrocytes from 12 normal males and from 11 mothers and 10 sisters of affected males. As a group, DMD patients had mild glucose intolerance and both fasting and postabsorptive marked hyperinsulinemia (insulin resistance). Levels of glucose and insulin, expressed as incremental areas under their respective curves, were significantly elevated in the wheelchair-ridden patients. Incremental areas of glucose (0-2 h) and insulin (0-5 h) were 42 +/- 5 mg/dl X h (mean +/- SEM) and 96 +/- 18 microU/ml X h, respectively, in normal subjects and 71 +/- 6 (P less than 0.05) and 206 +/- 30 (P less than 0.05), respectively, in the wheelchair-confined DMD patients. All of the ambulatory DMD males had normal oral glucose tolerance tests. Insulin binding to erythrocytes was 20-30% lower (P less than 0.01) in all DMD patients than in normal males appropriately matched for age and degree of sexual development. This difference in binding was a result of lower affinity of the insulin receptor in DMD erythrocytes. On the other hand, insulin binding to fibroblasts was the same in normal males and DMD patients, suggesting that the abnormality of erythrocyte binding in DMD is probably not genetically induced. Insulin binding to erythrocytes and monocytes was the same in all females studied, regardless of whether they were carriers of the DMD gene. Our results suggest that abnormal insulin binding in DMD erythrocytes is an acquired rather than genetic abnormality, but insulin binding is not helpful in the identification of carrier females. The defect in insulin binding in DMD is present before the development of insulin resistance, which occurs only in severely immobilized patients. Thus, the cause of the insulin resistance in DMD may reside at steps beyond the binding of insulin to its receptor.
Communication Concept for Sensors at an Inverter-Fed Electric Motor Utilizing Power-Line Communication and Energy Harvesting (2010)

In this paper, a novel communication concept for sensors at an inverter-fed electric motor is proposed. The concept utilizes power-line communication and a motor cable in data transmission. The signal used in communication is inductively coupled to the motor cable. The supply power for sensing and communication at the electric motor is harvested from the motor-phase conductor with a current-transformer-based power supply. The proposed concept has numerous advantages, such as no galvanic connection to the motor power circuit, an opportunity to implement the concept afterwards without electrical installation, and reliable and battery-free operation. The operation of the concept is analyzed, simulated, and verified by laboratory measurements.
LoRD: Local 4D Implicit Representation for High-Fidelity Dynamic Human Modeling (2022)

Recent progress in 4D implicit representation focuses on globally controlling the shape and motion with low dimensional latent vectors, which is prone to missing surface details and accumulating tracking error. While many deep local representations have shown promising results for 3D shape modeling, their 4D counterpart does not exist yet. In this paper, we fill this blank by proposing a novel Local 4D implicit Representation for Dynamic clothed human, named LoRD, which has the merits of both 4D human modeling and local representation, and enables high-fidelity reconstruction with detailed surface deformations, such as clothing wrinkles. Particularly, our key insight is to encourage the network to learn the latent codes of local part-level representation, capable of explaining the local geometry and temporal deformations. To make the inference at test-time, we first estimate the inner body skeleton motion to track local parts at each time step, and then optimize the latent codes for each part via auto-decoding based on different types of observed data. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method has strong capability for representing 4D human, and outperforms state-of-the-art methods on practical applications, including 4D reconstruction from sparse points, non-rigid depth fusion, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
19F‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging for schizophrenic patients using haloperidol decanoate (2002)

Haloperidol decanoate is widely used in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, but knowledge concerning its pharmacokinetics at the injected region is very limited. Because the chemical structure of haloperidol contains fluorine, in vivo 19F-magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy (repetition time (TR) = 1 s) and chemical shift imaging (CSI; TR = 1 s, pixel size = 15 x 15 mm) were performed in schizophrenic patients who were treated with haloperidol decanoate (three men and one woman) to measure its diachronic change at the injection point and visualize its local distribution after intramuscular injection. 19F signals (T1 time = 365 ms) were obtained at the haloperidol decanoate-injected region. The decrease rate of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 19F-MR spectroscopy seemed large in comparison with that of the plasma haloperidol concentration. The distribution was clearly visualized by 19F-CSI for a few days after the injection, but after 1 week could no longer be seen. Although the slow-release characteristics of depot neuroleptics have been explained by the slow diffusion of esterified neuroleptics from the oil vehicle, this result may suggest that there are other mechanisms involved in maintaining the plasma haloperidol concentration. In vivo 19F-MR spectroscopy and CSI are potentially applicable for the pharmacokinetic analysis of haloperidol and other drugs containing fluorine in their structure.
True Single-Site Partial Nephrectomy Using the SP Surgical System: Feasibility, Comparison with the Xi Single-Site Platform, and Step-By-Step Procedure Guide (2019)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Robotic laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) partial nephrectomy is not widely used because of its limitations, and true single-site surgery has not previously been possible. To investigate the feasibility of partial nephrectomy using the novel SP surgical system, compare perioperative outcomes using this system and the previous Xi single-site platform (XiSSP), and describe how true single-site partial nephrectomy is possible with the SP system. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Retrospective chart review of patients undergoing robotic partial nephrectomy by a single surgeon using the SP surgical system or XiSSP from December 14, 2016 to June 14, 2019. For the SP system, a GelPOINT access platform was placed through a single periumbilical incision. A 25-mm multichannel robotic port and assistant's ports were placed in the GelSeal cap. No additional incisions were required for the assistant or liver traction. The primary outcomes were intraoperative and postoperative complications. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Fourteen patients underwent single-site partial nephrectomy with the SP surgical system (<i>n</i> = 9) or XiSSP (<i>n</i> = 5). No limitations were noted for accessing tumors in the upper aspect of the kidney using the SP system. One case of tumor fracture occurred with the SP system, and one case of conversion to multiport robotic surgery occurred with the XiSSP. The postoperative course was uneventful in all patients; only Clavien-Dindo 1 complications occurred. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> True single-site partial nephrectomy was performed safely with the SP surgical system. The SP system resolved many limitations associated with LESS and the XiSSP.
Surface microstructuring to modify wettability for 3D printing of nano-filled inks (2016)

This paper investigates the effect of surface wettability on the cross-sectional profiles of printed nanofluid inks which can have a significant role on conductivity of printed lines that are used in the production of printed electronics. Glass substrates were coated with heptadecafluorodecyltrichlorosilane, nonafluorohexyltrimethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane using a dipping method to enhance the wettability of the nanofluid silver ink. Inkjet printing techniques were also applied to develop micro-structural textures on the surface of the glass substrate and thereby modify the wettability of the substrate. The glass substrate, coated with heptadecafluorodecyltrichlorosilane was micro-structured using a UV curable ink to enhance the wettability for the silver nanoparticle ink. Using inkjet printing techniques to micro-structure the substrate allows modification of the wettability of the substrate whilst simultaneously printing on to the substrate. This enables the potential of increasing the performance of such printed lines, essentially permitting additional particulate material to be deposited thus increasing conductivity. The cross-sectional profile of the printed line was predicted numerically and analytically and compared to experimental data where agreement was observed. In addition, three analytical expressions for printed lines on the substrate were developed by writing the force balance equations in the x, y and z directions on a slice of printed line between z and z + dz.
Rapid Killing of Mycobacterium terrae by N-Chlorotaurine in the Presence of Ammonium is Caused by the Reaction Product Monochloramine (1998)

We have studied the activity of the weak endogenous oxidant N-chlorotaurine against Mycobacterium terrae. The study revealed slow killing of more than 2h duration by 1% (55 mM) N-chlorotaurine. In the presence of ammonium chloride, however, killing times decreased to a few minutes, even by 0.1% N-chlorotaurine. This phenomenon is explained by formation of the lipophilic and therefore more bactericidal monochloramine as a result of transhalogenation of ammonia by N-chlorotaurine.
Monodisperse droplet generation for microscale mass transport studies. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Abordaje endoscópico retroperitoneal transpsoas de la columna lumbar (2004)

SUMMARY. The endoscopic techniques for the retroperitoneal approach of the anterior lumbar spine for the treatment of the discal degenerative disease are less aggressive than the conventional ones, provide less risk of lesion of nearer tissues, better recovery and minimum pain. It presents the endoscopic access by the retroperitoneal transpsoas for the discal levels up to L5 and the transiliac-transpsoas approach for the L5-S1 with intersomatic fusion or with PDN (prosthetic disc nucleus). We present 103 patients (37 men and 66 women mean age: 51.8 yrs), 74 treated with intersomatic fusion (40 mm threated cages) for the L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5 levels and 29 with PDN for L3-L4, L4-L5, L5S1. The mean time of surgery was 90 minutes for the transpsoas approach and 100 minutes for the transiliac-transposas, the mean time of hospitalization was 2.3 days. There were complications in the 3.9% of the cases: one with a transient lesion of the raquideal nerve, one psoas abscess, and four with venous lesions which required an open technique. We conclude that endoscopic lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach is a secure technique, with lower morbility, surgery meaning time and time of hospitalization.
ChemInform Abstract: A TEST FOR CYCLIC CONJUGATION INVOLVING THE CYCLOPROPYL CARBINYL CATION (1974)

Abstract Aus 2‐Indanon (I) erhält man mit 1,2‐Dibromäthan und Natriumamid das Bis‐spiro‐ Addukt (II), das zum Alkohol (IIIa) reduziert und in den Ester (IIIb) umgewandelt wird.
Synthesis, Physical Characterizations, and Langmuir Films of New Methanofullerenes (1995)

Various methanofullerenes functionalized with either hydrophobic or polar groups have been synthesized. Studies of such compounds by surface pressure measurements and in situ UV-visible spectroscopy in Langmuir films show that these two types of functionalizations do not prevent the formation of aggregates at the nitrogen-water interface. Except for one compound studied in the present work, it appears that the aggregation occurs as soon as the spreading of the fullerenes solutions. However, the aggregates obtained appear to have different characteristics than those obtained with pure C-60.
Probing the Effects of Strong Electromagnetic Fields with Charge-Dependent Directed Flow in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC (2020)

The first measurement at the LHC of charge-dependent directed flow (v_{1}) relative to the spectator plane is presented for Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. Results are reported for charged hadrons and D^{0} mesons for the transverse momentum intervals p_{T}>0.2 GeV/c and 3<p_{T}<6 GeV/c in the 5%-40% and 10%-40% centrality classes, respectively. The difference between the positively and negatively charged hadron v_{1} has a positive slope as a function of pseudorapidity η, dΔv_{1}/dη=[1.68±0.49(stat)±0.41(syst)]×10^{-4}. The same measurement for D^{0} and D[over ¯]^{0} mesons yields a positive value dΔv_{1}/dη=[4.9±1.7(stat)±0.6(syst)]×10^{-1}, which is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than the one of the charged hadrons. These measurements can provide new insights into the effects of the strong electromagnetic field and the initial tilt of matter created in noncentral heavy ion collisions on the dynamics of light (u, d, and s) and heavy (c) quarks. The large difference between the observed Δv_{1} of charged hadrons and D^{0} mesons may reflect different sensitivity of the charm and light quarks to the early time dynamics of a heavy ion collision. These observations challenge some recent theoretical calculations, which predicted a negative and an order of magnitude smaller value of dΔv_{1}/dη for both light flavor and charmed hadrons.
Pathology Synthesis of 3D-Consistent Cardiac MR Images using 2D VAEs and GANs (2023)

We propose a method for synthesizing cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) images with plausible heart pathologies and realistic appearances for the purpose of generating labeled data for the application of supervised deep-learning (DL) training. The image synthesis consists of label deformation and label-to-image translation tasks. The former is achieved via latent space interpolation in a VAE model, while the latter is accomplished via a label-conditional GAN model. We devise three approaches for label manipulation in the latent space of the trained VAE model; i) intra-subject synthesis aiming to interpolate the intermediate slices of a subject to increase the through-plane resolution, ii) inter-subject synthesis aiming to interpolate the geometry and appearance of intermediate images between two dissimilar subjects acquired with different scanner vendors, and iii) pathology synthesis aiming to synthesize a series of pseudo-pathological synthetic subjects with characteristics of a desired heart disease. Furthermore, we propose to model the relationship between 2D slices in the latent space of the VAE prior to reconstruction for generating 3D-consistent subjects from stacking up 2D slice-by-slice generations. We demonstrate that such an approach could provide a solution to diversify and enrich an available database of cardiac MR images and to pave the way for the development of generalizable DL-based image analysis algorithms. We quantitatively evaluate the quality of the synthesized data in an augmentation scenario to achieve generalization and robustness to multi-vendor and multi-disease data for image segmentation. Our code is available at &lt;a href='https://github.com/sinaamirrajab/CardiacPathologySynthesis'&gt;https://github.com/sinaamirrajab/CardiacPathologySynthesis&lt;/a&gt;
Undersampled Phase Retrieval With Outliers (2015)

This paper proposes a general framework for reconstructing sparse images from undersampled (squared)magnitude data corrupted with outliers and noise. This phase retrieval method uses a layered approach, combining repeated minimization of a convex majorizer (surrogate for a nonconvex objective function), and iterative optimization of that majorizer using a preconditioned variant of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Since phase retrieval is nonconvex, this implementation uses multiple initial majorization vectors. The introduction of a robust 1-norm data fit term that is better adapted to outliers exploits the generality of this framework. The derivation also describes a normalization scheme for the regularization parameter and a known adaptive heuristic for the ADMM penalty parameter. Both 1-D Monte Carlo tests and 2-D image reconstruction simulations suggest the proposed framework, with the robust data fit term, reduces the reconstruction error for data corrupted with both outliers and additive noise, relative to competing algorithms having the same total computation.
Building pair programming knowledge through a family of experiments (2004)

Pair programming is a practice in which two programmers work collaboratively at one computer on the same design, algorithm, code, or test. Pair programming is becoming increasingly popular in industry and in university curricula. A family of experiments was run with over 1200 students at two US universities, North Carolina State University and the University of California Santa Cruz, to assess the efficacy of pair programming as an alternative learning technique in introductory programming courses. Students who used the pair programming technique were at least as likely to complete the introductory course with a grade of C or better when compared with students who used the solo programming technique. Paired students earned exam and project scores equal to or better than solo students. Paired students had a positive attitude toward collaboration and were significantly more likely to be registered as computer science-related majors one year later. Our findings also suggest that students in paired classes continue to be successful in subsequent programming classes continue to be successful in subsequent programming classes that require solo programming.
Development of Cyclic γ-MSH Analogues with Selective hMC3R Agonist and hMC3R/hMC5R Antagonist Activities (2006)

A series of cyclic lactam analogues of gamma-MSH (H-Tyr1-Val2-Met3-Gly4-His5-Phe6-Arg7-Trp8-Asp9-Arg10-Phe11-Gly12-OH) with a bulky hydrophobic residue in the direct proximity to the pharmacophore (Xaa-D-Phe/D-Nal(2')-Arg-Trp) were designed and synthesized by solid-phase methods. A variety of amino acids with a broad range of hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties was introduced in position 5 to further explore their complementary role in receptor selectivity. Biological evaluation of these peptides revealed several analogues with potent hMC3R agonist and hMC3R/hMC5R antagonist activities, and good receptor selectivity. Analogue 4, c[Nle-Arg-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Glu]-NH2, was found to be a very potent and selective hMC3R agonist (EC50=1.2 nM, 112% act). In addition, analogue 13, c[Nle-Val-D-Nal(2')-Arg-Trp-Glu]-NH2, was identified as an hMC3R/hMC5R antagonist with the best selectivity against the hMC4R in this series (pA2(hMC3R)=8.4; pA2(hMC5R)=8.7). These results indicate the significance of steric factors in melanocortin receptor selectivity and suggest that introduction of bulky residues in the direct proximity to the melanocortin pharmacophore is an effective approach to design of novel hMC3R and hMC5R selective ligands.
Extending Semantic Sensor Networks for Automatically Tackling Smart Building Problems (2014)

Sensor systems are constantly growing in all application areas and become elements of our environment. Semantic Sensor Networks (SSN) support this development and provide standardized semantic access for reasoning on this information. Unfortunately they do not model internal system knowledge or simple correlations between sensors and hence they cannot be used to automatically perform analytics tasks based on sensor data only. We show how SSN ontology can be extended and demonstrate its benefits for the task of diagnosing smart building problems using real-world data.
Transmit Precoding fortheMultiple Antenna Broadcast Channel (2006)

Inthispaperwecomparethefollowing two methodsoftransmit precoding forthemultiple antenna broadcast channel: vector perturbation applied tochannel inversion (also termedzeroforcing orZF)precoding and scalar Tomlinson-Harashima (TH)precoding applied to sum-rate achieving transmit precoding. Ourresults indi- catethatvector perturbation applied tochannel inversion precoding cansignificantly reduce powerenhancement and yields thefull diversity afforded bythechannel toeach user.Scalar TH-moduloreduction significantly reduces thepowerenhancement forprecoding basedonsum-rate criterion. The solution tovectorperturbation applied toZF precoding requires thesolution toaninteger optimization problemwhichisexponentially complex, oranapproxi- mation totheinteger optimization problem whichrequires theLenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz algorithm ofpolynomial com- plexity. Instead we propose a simpler solution (anap- proximation) tothevector perturbation problem basedon theRayleigh-Ritz theorem(1). Thisapproximate solution achieves thesamediversity orderastheoptimal vector perturbation technique, butsuffers a smallcoding loss. Thissolution isofpolynomial complexity order. Further, a small increase incomplexity withasphere-based search aroundthis solution yields significantly better performance. Sincethisvector perturbation isrequired tobedoneat thesymbolrate, thelowercomplexity oftheproposed algorithm isvaluable inpractice.1
Activity Mapping the Acyl Carrier Protein: Elongating Ketosynthase Interaction in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis (2020)

Elongating ketosynthases (KSs) catalyze carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions during the committed step for each round of chain extension in both fatty acid synthases (FASs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs). A small α-helical acyl carrier protein (ACP) shuttles fatty acyl intermediates between enzyme active sites. To accomplish this task, the ACP relies on a series of dynamic interactions with multiple partner enzymes of FAS and associated FAS-dependent pathways. Recent structures of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> FAS ACP, AcpP, in covalent complexes with its two cognate elongating KSs, FabF and FabB, provide high-resolution details of these interfaces, but a systematic analysis of specific interfacial interactions responsible for stabilizing these complexes has not yet been undertaken. Here, we use site-directed mutagenesis with both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> activity analyses to quantitatively evaluate these contacting surfaces between AcpP and FabF. We delineate the FabF interface into three interacting regions and demonstrate the effects of point mutants, double mutants, and region deletion variants. Results from these analyses reveal a robust and modular FabF interface capable of tolerating seemingly critical interface mutations with only the deletion of an entire region significantly compromising activity. Structure and sequence analyses of FabF orthologs from related type II FAS pathways indicate significant conservation of type II FAS KS interface residues and, overall, support its delineation into interaction regions. These findings strengthen our mechanistic understanding of molecular recognition events between ACPs and FAS enzymes and provide a blueprint for engineering ACP-dependent biosynthetic pathways.