gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3-D Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Using an MEMS-Based Miniature Dual-Axis Confocal Microscope (2009)

We demonstrate a fast miniature microelectro-mechanical-system-based near-infrared fluorescence dual-axis confocal microscope in a 10-mm-diameter package for 3-D imaging in both ex vivo and in vivo samples. The miniature microscope, while in contact with the targeted tissue, can reveal subsurface structure or anatomy as deep as 300 mum. The lateral and axial resolutions are 5 and 7 mum, respectively. Real-time en face mosaicing image of in vivo human skin is demonstrated to enlarge the overall FOV to be over 3 mm at acquisition frame rate of 5 frames/s.
COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT ESTIMATORS FOR THE BAYES RISK (1978)

A computationally efficient estimator for the Bayes risk is one which achieves a desired accuracy with a minimum of computation. In many problems, for example speech recognition, point evaluations of the class conditional densities are computationally costly. Density evaluations are the single most important factor contributing to the computational effort in Bayes risk estimation, thus the amount of computation required by a Bayes risk estimator is defined as the average number of conditional density evaluations it performs. The accuracy of risk estimator is defined by its variance. In practice, the true optimal estimator cannot be determined since this would in effect require knowledge of the true risk R. Thus a technique whereby the first n of the total N samples are used to approximate the optimal estimator is proposed. The n samples should contain enough information on the closeness of the classes to determine an almost optimal estimator. The last N-n samples are used in the approximate optimal estimator to obtain an accurate estimate of the risk with a minimum of computation.
[Guidelines in cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy]. (2007)

Udgivelsesdato: 2007-Dec
Future Directions of Knowledge Systems Environments for Web 3.0 (2011)

The internet and web applications have changed business and human life. Nowadays everybody is used to obtain data through the internet. Most applications are still Web 1.0 applications. Web 2.0 community collaboration and annotated data on the basis of Web 3.0 technologies supports new businesses and applications. The quality dimension of the web is however one of the main challenges. Knowledge systems target at high-quality data on safe grounds, with a good reference to established science and technology and with data adaptation to user's needs and demands. Knowledge system can be build based on existing and novel technologies. This paper discusses the challenges, two solutions and the fundamentals of knowledge system environments.
Interactions of Acidic Peptides: Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors (1986)

Glutamic acid (Glu) and aspartic acid (Asp) are now generally accepted as the major excitatory neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain. Nevertheless, reservations remain about this conclusion because the amino acids are involved in several metabolic pathways including protein synthesis and because they exhibit broad, nearly universal excitatory effects on brain neurones. Furthermore, several reports of inconsistencies between the pharmacology of iontophoretically applied Glu/Asp and that of the endogenous excitatory neurotransmitter released at putative Glu/Asp synapses have appeared. For example, Hori et al. (1981) reported that a-amino-phosphonobutyric acid (APB) antagonized the effects of the excitatory neurotransmitter released by the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) but not the excitatory effects of iontophoretically applied Glu and Asp which have been proposed as the neurotransmitters of the LOT based on their selective uptake and evoked release. Furthermore, the sodium-dependent high affinity uptake process for Glu, considered a presynaptic marker for Glu terminals, efficiently transports Asp; and it has been difficult to effectively isolate calcium dependent evoked release of Glu from Asp. These observations prompted our speculation that small peptides containing Glu and/or Asp might be utilized as the endogenous neurotransmitters at purported Glu/Asp neuronal pathways.
Concentric Arrayed- Radial Line Slot Antenna with Groove for Rotating Mode Generation (2018)

In this paper, a continuous unit(groove) structure in concentric arrayed radial line slot antenna(CA- RLSA) is proposed to generate rotating mode without any external structure. The number of unit structure and the configuration of the entire structure change depending on the phase variation of the unit structure. Also, the phase variation of the unit structure is determined by the size of the structure. We analyzed the characteristics of the proposed structure to generate the rotating mode.
A Fluorescent Hsp90 Probe Demonstrates the Unique Association between Extracellular Hsp90 and Malignancy in Vivo (2017)

Extracellular expression of heat shock protein 90 (eHsp90) by tumor cells is correlated with malignancy. Development of small molecule probes that can detect eHsp90 in vivo may therefore have utility in the early detection of malignancy. We synthesized a cell impermeable far-red fluorophore-tagged Hsp90 inhibitor to target eHsp90 in vivo. High resolution confocal and lattice light sheet microscopy show that probe-bound eHsp90 accumulates in punctate structures on the plasma membrane of breast tumor cells and is actively internalized. The extent of internalization correlates with tumor cell aggressiveness, and this process can be induced in benign cells by overexpressing p110HER2. Whole body cryoslicing, imaging, and histology of flank and spontaneous tumor-bearing mice strongly suggests that eHsp90 expression and internalization is a phenomenon unique to tumor cells in vivo and may provide an "Achilles heel" for the early diagnosis of metastatic disease and targeted drug delivery.
Macrofilaricidal Benzimidazole–Benzoxaborole Hybrids as an Approach to the Treatment of River Blindness: Part 2. Ketone Linked Analogs (2019)

A series of benzimidazole-benzoxaborole hybrid molecules linked via an amide linker are described that exhibit good <i>in vitro</i> activity against <i>Onchocerca volvulus</i>, a filarial nematode responsible for the disease onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness. The lead identified in this series, <b>8a</b> (AN8799), was found to have acceptable pharmacokinetic properties to enable evaluation in animal models of human filariasis. Compound <b>8a</b> was effective in killing <i>Brugia malayi</i>, <i>B. pahangi</i>, and <i>Litomosoides sigmodontis</i> worms present in Mongolian gerbils when dosed subcutaneously as a suspension at 100 mg/kg/day for 14 days but not when dosed orally at 100 mg/kg/day for 28 days. The measurement of plasma levels of <b>8a</b> at the end of the dosing period and at the time of sacrifice revealed an interesting dependence of activity on the extended exposure for both <b>8a</b> and the positive control, flubendazole.
Vertical Trade and China's Export Dynamics (2010)

This paper examines how China's exports are affected by exchange rate shocks from countries who supply intermediate inputs to China. We build a simple small open economy model with intermediate goods trade to show that due to the intraregional trade in intermediate goods, a devaluation of other Asian currencies does not necessarily damage China's exports, as imported intermediate goods could become cheaper. This channel through the cost of intermediate goods depends critically on the share of intermediate goods used in China's export goods production and the degree of exchange rate pass-through in imported intermediate goods prices. If prices for intermediate goods are not very sticky, the effect through this channel could be large and China's exports could even benefit. We find the above findings do not depend on China's choice of currency invoicing between RMB and the US dollar or the choice between fixed and flexible exchange rate regimes.
9th Annual European Antibody Congress, November 11–13, 2013, Geneva, Switzerland (2014)

The annual European Antibody Congress (EAC) has traditionally been the key event for updates on critical scientific advances in the antibody field, and 2013 was no exception. Organized by Terrapinn, the well-attended meeting featured presentations on considerations for developing antibodies and antibody-like therapeutics, with separate tracks for antibody-drug conjugates, naked antibodies, and multispecific antibodies or protein scaffolds. The overall focus of the EAC was current approaches to enhance the functionality of therapeutic antibodies or other targeted proteins, with the ultimate goal being improvement of the safety and efficacy of the molecules as treatments for cancer, immune-mediated disorders and other diseases. Roundtable discussion sessions gave participants opportunities to engage in group discussions with industry leaders from companies such as Genmab, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, and Pierre Fabre. As the 2013 EAC was co-located with the World Biosimilar Congress, participants also received an update on European Medicines Agency guidelines and thoughts on the future direction and development of biosimilar antibodies in the European Union.
Intranasal Administration of Diazepam Aiming at the Treatment of Acute Seizures: Clinical Trials in Healthy Volunteers. (1999)

Intranasal administration of diazepam may be a practical alternative to the conventional acute medication of seizures, such as status epilepticus. Nine healthy students participated in an open crossover study on intranasal versus intravenous administration of diazepam (2 mg). Blood samples were collected, pharmacodynamic tests were performed, and the volunteers filled out questionnaire. Peak concentration was achieved after 18+/-11 min and the bioavailability was 50.4+/-23.3%. A pharmacodynamic effect was observed after about 5 min, but the dose, even for i.v. administration, was too low to generate a strong measurable effect. The results indicate that intranasally administered diazepam may be an effective alternative to i.v. administration in relief of seizures, e.g. in an acute situation when a physician or nurse is not available on location.
Silicon based cell sorting device: Fabrication, characterization and applications (2016)

Abstract Cell sorting is an important diagnostic tool used in various aspect of medical prognosis. Numerous cell sorting techniques are currently available on market but they are quite bulky, expensive and at the same time requires very trained operators. In this paper we report on wafer level fabrication technique that will allows for a small form factor device targeting cell sorting. We give detailed overview for the fabrication of our miniaturized cell sorter that is formed with a CMOS compatible process. It used standard fabrication technique in combination with photo-patternable polymer, that has excellent properties for microfluidics applications. The ability to process on wafer level distinguish this from other processes, whose yields are limited to few test samples. The device fabrication includes: processing of micro-heaters, definition of polymer microfluidic channels and collective die-to-wafer bonding of glass substrate onto the polymer channels. We report on the initial characterization of the cell sorting targeting sorting rate and sorting yield. We have achieved sorting rate of 5,000 cells/s and yield of 70% is obtained in initial investigations.
Dietary conjugated linoleic acid expands CD8+ lymphocyte subsets in vivo and enhances their function (2000)

Early-weaned pigs (n=64) averaging 5.3 ± .3 kg and distributed into two environments (dirty and clean) were used to evaluate effects of CLA on growth performance, immune competence and empty body composition. A factorial (2 design with four littermate pigs as the experimental unit for the environment, pig within litter as the experimental unit for dietarv' treatment, and d 0 body weight used as a covariate were used in data analysis. Diets were formulated to contain CLA at 0. .67. 1.33 or 2% and to exceed NRC (1988) nutrient needs of pigs, and were self-fed for 7 wk in three phases (I. I to 2: II. 3 to 5: and III. 6 to 7 wk). Within phases, diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. In phase I as CLA concentration increased. ADFI decreased (P increased quadratically (603. 623.622. and 548 g/d: P 840. 867. and 717 g/d; P P treatments. Pigs in the clean room had a greater cumulative ADG (P<.01) and a greater ADFI
Diglyme Based Electrolytes for Sodium-Ion Batteries (2018)

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are currently being considered for large-scale energy storage. Optimization of SIB electrolytes is, however, still largely lacking. Here we exhaustively evaluate NaPF6 in diglyme as an electrolyte of choice, via both physicochemical properties and extensive electrochemical tests including half as well as full cells. Fundamentally, the ionic conductivity is found to be quite comparable to carbonate based electrolytes and to obey the fractional Walden rule with viscosity. We find Na metal to work well as a reference electrode and the electrochemical stability, evaluated potentiostatically for various electrodes and corroborated by DFT calculations, to be satisfactory in the entire voltage range 0–4.4 V. Galvanostatic cycling at C/10 of half and full cells using Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) or Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) as cathodes and hard carbon (HC) as anodes indicates rapid capacity fading in cells with HC anodes, possibly originating in a lack of a stable SEI or by trapping of sodium. Aiming to understand this capacity fade further, we conducted a GC/MS analysis to determine electrolyte reduction products and to propose reduction pathways, concluding that oligomer and/or alkoxide formation is possible. Overall, the promising results should warrant further investigations of diglyme based electrolytes for modern SIB development, albeit avoiding HC anodes.
Model-free classification of X-ray scattering signals applied to image segmentation (2018)

In most cases, the analysis of small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS, respectively) requires a theoretical model to describe the sample's scattering, complicating the interpretation of the scattering resulting from complex heterogeneous samples. This is the reason why, in general, the analysis of a large number of scattering patterns, such as are generated by time-resolved and scanning methods, remains challenging. Here, a model-free classification method to separate SAXS/WAXS signals on the basis of their inflection points is introduced and demonstrated. This article focuses on the segmentation of scanning SAXS/WAXS maps for which each pixel corresponds to an azimuthally integrated scattering curve. In such a way, the sample composition distribution can be segmented through signal classification without applying a model or previous sample knowledge. Dimensionality reduction and clustering algorithms are employed to classify SAXS/WAXS signals according to their similarity. The number of clusters, <i>i.e.</i> the main sample regions detected by SAXS/WAXS signal similarity, is automatically estimated. From each cluster, a main representative SAXS/WAXS signal is extracted to uncover the spatial distribution of the mixtures of phases that form the sample. As examples of applications, a mudrock sample and two breast tissue lesions are segmented.
Analysis of microRNAs, phased small interfering RNAs and their potential targets in Rosarugosa Thunb. (2019)

These results significantly enhanced our knowledge of the miRNAs and phasiRNAs, as well as their potential functions, in R. rugosa.
PKC-ѳ is dispensable for OX40L-induced TCR-independent Treg proliferation but contributes by enabling IL-2 production from effector T-cells (2017)

We have previously shown that OX40L/OX40 interaction is critical for TCR-independent selective proliferation of Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Tregs, but not Foxp3<sup>-</sup> effector T-cells (Teff), when CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells are co-cultured with GM-CSF derived bone marrow dendritic cells (G-BMDCs). Events downstream of OX40L/OX40 interaction in Tregs responsible for this novel mechanism are not understood. Earlier, OX40L/OX40 interaction has been shown to stimulate CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells through the formation of a signalosome involving TRAF2/PKC-Ѳ leading to NF-kB activation. In this study, using CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells from WT and OX40<sup>-/-</sup> mice we first established that OX40 mediated activation of NF-kB was critical for this Treg proliferation. Although CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells from PKC-Ѳ<sup>-/-</sup> mice were also defective in G-BMDC induced Treg proliferation ex vivo, this defect could be readily corrected by adding exogenous IL-2 to the co-cultures. Furthermore, by treating WT, OX40<sup>-/-</sup>, and PKC-Ѳ<sup>-/-</sup> mice with soluble OX40L we established that OX40L/OX40 interaction was required and sufficient to induce Treg proliferation in vivo independent of PKC-Ѳ status. Although PKC-Ѳ is dispensable for TCR-independent Treg proliferation per se, it is essential for optimum IL-2 production by Teff cells. Finally, our findings suggest that OX40L binding to OX40 likely results in recruitment of TRAF1 for downstream signalling.
Alpha sarcoglycan is required for FGF-dependent myogenic progenitor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo (2011)

Mice deficient in α-sarcoglycan (Sgca-null mice) develop progressive muscular dystrophy and serve as a model for human limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2D. Sgca-null mice suffer a more severe myopathy than that of mdx mice, the model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This is the opposite of what is observed in humans and the reason for this is unknown. In an attempt to understand the cellular basis of this severe muscular dystrophy, we isolated clonal populations of myogenic progenitor cells (MPCs), the resident postnatal muscle progenitors of dystrophic and wild-type mice. MPCs from Sgca-null mice generated much smaller clones than MPCs from wild-type or mdx dystrophic mice. Impaired proliferation of Sgca-null myogenic precursors was confirmed by single fiber analysis and this difference correlated with Sgca expression during MPC proliferation. In the absence of dystrophin and associated proteins, which are only expressed after differentiation, SGCA complexes with and stabilizes FGFR1. Deficiency of Sgca leads to an absence of FGFR1 expression at the membrane and impaired MPC proliferation in response to bFGF. The low proliferation rate of Sgca-null MPCs was rescued by transduction with Sgca-expressing lentiviral vectors. When transplanted into dystrophic muscle, Sgca-null MPCs exhibited reduced engraftment. The reduced proliferative ability of Sgca-null MPCs explains, at least in part, the severity of this muscular dystrophy and also why wild-type donor progenitor cells engraft efficiently and consequently ameliorate disease.
Adaptive-fine tuning of building energy management systems using co-simulation (2012)

A model-assisted fine-tuning methodology to adapt and improve performance of energy management systems is presented: to start, a detailed building thermal simulation model acting as surrogate of the real building is required, along with a naïve controller, a “good” initial controller, or even a set of rules with tunable parameters. Given weather and occupancy predictions for a predefined time window - say a day - an algorithm is used to create candidate controller parameters, and the (co-)simulation model is used to evaluate candidate solutions. Controller parameters are updated so that a good-performing controller - in terms of a predetermined cost function - is created. This controller, adapted to the forecasted conditions and the actual building - or at-least a comprehensive representation of the real building as obtained using validated thermal simulation models - is used to operate the building until new forecasts trigger a controller-parameter update. Apart from operational performance benefits, updating controllers over short periods, means that simpler in terms of mathematical structure controllers can be used. Corroborating numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed methodology.
Specificity of interactions of hapten side chains with the combining site of the myeloma protein MOPC 315 (1977)

The pKa values of the three histidine residues in the Fv fragment (variable region of the heavy and light chains) of the mouse myeloma protein MOPC 315, measured by high resolution n.m.r. (nuclear magnetic resonance), are 5.9, 6.9 and 8.2. The perturbation of the pKa of one of the histidines (pKa 6.9) on the addition of hapten and the narrow linewidth of its proton resonances suggests that it is at the edge of the combining site. References to the model of the Fv fragment [Padlan, Davies, Pecht, Givol & Wright (1976) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 41, in the press] allows assignment of the three histidine residues, histidine-102H, histidine-97L and histidine-44L. The determination of the pKa of the phosphorus group, by 31P n.m.r., of a homologous series of Dnp- and Tnp- (di- and tri-nitrophenyl) haptens has located a positively charged residue. Molecular-model studies on the conformations of these haptens show that the residue is at the edge of the site. The model suggests that the positively charged residue is either arginine-95L or lysine-52H.
Robust Inverse Framework using Knowledge-guided Self-Supervised Learning: An application to Hydrology (2021)

Machine Learning is beginning to provide state-of-the-art performance in a range of environmental applications such as streamflow prediction in a hydrologic basin. However, building accurate broad-scale models for streamflow remains challenging in practice due to the variability in the dominant hydrologic processes, which are best captured by sets of process-related basin characteristics. Existing basin characteristics suffer from noise and uncertainty, among many other things, which adversely impact model performance. To tackle the above challenges, in this paper, we propose a novel Knowledge-guided Self-Supervised Learning (KGSSL) inverse framework to extract system characteristics from driver and response data. This first-of-its-kind framework achieves robust performance even when characteristics are corrupted. We show that KGSSL achieves state-of-the-art results for streamflow modeling for CAMELS (Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample Studies) which is a widely used hydrology benchmark dataset. Specifically, KGSSL outperforms other methods by up to 16 \% in reconstructing characteristics. Furthermore, we show that KGSSL is relatively more robust to distortion than baseline methods, and outperforms the baseline model by 35\% when plugging in KGSSL inferred characteristics.