gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autoxidation of Substituted Phenols Catalyzed by Cobalt Schiff Base Complexes in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2001)

This first study of O(2) oxidation (autoxidation) of substituted phenols catalyzed by a dioxygen carrier in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) provides additional insights into the established mechanism of reactions that have been much studied in conventional solvents. As has been long believed, the cobalt(II) dioxygen carriers of the class represented by [[N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediaminato(2-)]cobalt(II)], Co(salen), show both oxidase and oxygenase activities during oxygenation of substituted phenols in scCO(2). The catalytic autoxidation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP) and 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol (35-DTBP) in scCO(2) was studied by analysis of products in batch reactions with carefully controlled variables, in the presence of a large excess of O(2), at 207 bar of total pressure and a reaction temperature of 70 degrees C. The oxidation of 35-DTBP yielded only traces of products under the same experimental conditions that converted DTBP totally to a mixture of the oxygenation product 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DTBQ) and the related product of radical coupling 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-diphenoquinone (TTDBQ). The effects on conversion of DTBP to products and on selectivity between the two products were studied for variations in temperature and the concentrations of catalyst, oxygen, and methylimidazole. Selectivity in favor of the O-transfer product DTBQ over the self-coupling of the phenoxy radical was observed upon changing the oxygen concentration. In contrast, selectivity remained unaffected over a wide range of temperatures and catalyst concentrations. The oxygen dependence of both the conversion and selectivity showed saturation effects identifying the dioxygen complex as the effective oxidant in both the initial radical formation step and the oxygenation of that radical. No direct reaction is observed between the electrophilic phenoxy radical and O(2).
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Synthesis of Unsaturated Alcohols under Mild Conditions by Highly Selective Hydrogenation. (2013)

Abstract Ir/ReO x supported on silica shows high activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes (I) to the corresponding unsaturated alcohols (II) at a low H 2 pressure and a low temperature.
Regulation of carotenoid and bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis genes and identification of an evolutionarily conserved gene required for bacteriochlorophyll accumulation (1993)

The temporal expression of ten clustered genes required for carotenoid (crt) and bacteriochlorophyll (bch) biosynthesis was examined during the transition from aerobic respiration to anaerobiosis requisite for the development of the photosynthetic membrane in the bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. Accumulation of crtA, crtC, crtD, crtE, crtF, crtK, bchC and bchD mRNAs increased transiently and coordinately, up to 12-fold following removal of oxygen from the growth medium, paralleling increases in mRNAs encoding pigment-binding polypeptides of the photosynthetic apparatus. The crtB and crtI genes, in contrast, were expressed similarly in the presence or absence of oxygen. The regulation patterns of promoters for the crtA and crtI genes and the bchCXYZ operon were characterized using lacZ transcriptional fusion and qualitatively reflected the corresponding mRNA accumulation patterns. We also report that the bchI gene product, encoded by a DNA sequence previously considered to be a portion of crtA, shares 49% sequence identity with the nuclear-encoded Arabidopsis thaliana Cs chloroplast protein required for normal pigmentation in plants.
7,7′‐Bi(dispiro[2.0.2.1]heptyliden) ‐ das perspirocyclopropanierte Bicyclopropyliden (1991)

Daß intermediäre Cyclopropyl‐Kationen mit zwei α‐Spirocyclopropangruppen ohne Ringöffnung überleben können, zeigt der Befund, daß Elektrophile wie Bromwasserstoff und Brom bei der Addition an die zentrale Doppelbindung der Titelverbindung 1 unumgelagerte Produkte liefern. 1 wurde in drei Stufen aus 7‐Cyclopropylidendispiro[2.0.2.1]heptan 2 gewonnen. Das Zielmolekül weist eine für Bicyclopropylidene ungewöhnlich niedrige π‐Ionisierungsenergie von 8.20 eV auf. magnified image
Controlled Release Technology (2002)

Abstract Controlled release technologies present an invaluable scientific and practical tool for improving performance and safety of drugs. These technologies involve designing the system of materials/drugs/site of action in such a way that barriers surrounding the drug to deliver the latter act with efficacy and safety of the drug at the optimum time and the rate needed. Advances in polymer science have led to the development of several novel drug delivery systems. A proper consideration of surface and bulk properties can aid in designing of polymeric systems for various drug delivery applications. This article is an overview of polymeric controlled release technology starting from fundamentals to applications.
Inhibition of 19S Proteasomal Regulatory Complex Subunit PSMD8 Increases Polyspermy During Porcine Fertilization In Vitro. (2009)

The 26S proteoasome is a multi-subunit protease specific to ubiquitinated substrate proteins. It is composed of a 20S proteasomal core with substrate degradation activity, and a 19S regulatory complex that acts in substrate recognition, deubiquitination, priming and transport to the 20S core. Inhibition of proteolytic activities associated with the sperm acrosome-borne 20S core prevents fertilization in mammals, ascidians and echinoderms. Less is known about the function of the proteasomal 19S complex during fertilization. The present study examined the role of PSMD8, an essential non-ATPase subunit of the 19S complex, in sperm-ZP penetration during porcine fertilization in vitro (IVF). Immunofluorescence localized PSMD8 to the outer acrosomal membrane, acrosomal matrix and the inner acrosomal membrane. Colloidal gold transmission electron microscopy detected PSMD8 on the surface of vesicles in the acrosomal shroud, formed as a result of zona pellucida-induced acrosomal exocytosis. Contrary to the inhibition of fertilization by blocking of the 20S core activities, fertilization and polyspermy rates were increased by adding anti-PSMD8 antibody to fertilization medium. This observation is consistent with a possible role of PSMD8 in substrate deubiquitination, a process which when blocked, may actually accelerate substrate proteolysis by the 26S proteasome. Subunit PSMD8 co-immunoprecipitated with acrosomal surface-associated spermadhesin AQN1. This association indicates that the sperm acrosome-borne proteasomes become exposed onto the sperm surface following the acrosomal exocytosis. Since immunological blocking of subunit PSMD8 increases the rate of polyspermy during porcine fertilization, the activity of the 19S complex may be a rate-limiting factor contributing to anti-polyspermy defense during porcine fertilization.
(+)-4-[2-[4-(8-Chloro-3,10-dibromo-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]- pyridin-11(R)-yl)-1-piperidinyl]-2-oxo-ethyl]-1-piperidinecarboxamide (SCH-66336):  A Very Potent Farnesyl Protein Transferase Inhibitor as a Novel Antitumor Agent (1998)

We have previously shown that appropriate modification of the benzocycloheptapyridine tricyclic ring system can provide potent farnesyl protein transferase (FPT) inhibitors with good cellular activity. Our laboratories have also established that incorporation of either pyridinylacetyl N-oxide or 4-N-carboxamidopiperidinylacetyl moieties results in pharmacokinetically stable inhibitors that are orally efficacious in nude mice. We now demonstrate that further elaboration of the tricyclic ring system by introducing a bromine atom at the 7- or the 10-position of the 3-bromo-8-chlorotricyclic ring system provides compounds that have superior potency and selectivity in FPT inhibition. These compounds have good serum levels and half-lives when given orally to rodents and primates. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a panel of these inhibitors has led to identification of 15 (SCH 66336) as a highly potent (IC50 = 1.9 nM) antitumor agent that is currently undergoing human clinical trials.
Rapid Design, Fabrication, and Optimization of 3D Printed Photonic Topological Insulators (2021)

Photonic topological insulators have emerged as an exciting new platform for backscatter-free waveguiding even in the presence of defects, with applications in robust long-range energy and quantum information transfer, low-threshold lasing, and chiral quantum optics. We demonstrate a design for spin-Hall photonic topological insulators with remarkably low refractive index contrast, enabling the synthesis of photonic topological waveguides from polymeric materials for the first time. Our design is compatible with additive manufacturing methods, including fused filament fabrication, and constitutes the first demonstration of a 3D printed photonic topological insulator. We combine rapid device fabrication through 3D printing with high-speed FDTD simulation to showcase an iterative design cycle capable of screening thousands of device configurations with unprecedented speed. We have identified and experimentally verified a non-intuitive geometry for bent topological waveguides with optimized transmission. Our rapid design cycle represents a powerful new tool set for designing, optimizing, and synthesizing photonic topological materials.
Metal gate NMOSFETs with TaSiN/TaN stacked electrode fabricated by a replacement (damascene) technique (2004)

This letter describes a replacement (damascene) metal gate NMOSFET with TaSiN and PVD TaN as stacked gate electrode. The goal is to perform the "gate electrode engineering" in order to change the work function and the threshold voltage of the transistor. An annealing at 400/spl deg/C after the metal gate is formed significantly improves the transistor performance. The subthreshold slope is measured to be around 65 mV/decade. The oxide/silicon interface states density (Dit) is measured to be 6.4/spl times/10/sup 10/ cm/sup -2/ eV/sup -1/. The low Dit indicates that the plasma damage (from the polysilicon dry etching and the PVD metal deposition) can be minimized by a post-fabrication annealing at a relatively low temperature.
Prognostic significance of distribution of lymph node metastasis in advanced mid or low rectal cancer (2011)

Our results suggest that PLNp is associated with adverse oncologic outcomes and has prognostic significance in patients with node positive mid or low rectal cancer.
A Novel Murine Model of Parvovirus Associated Dilated Cardiomyopathy Induced by Immunization with VP1-Unique Region of Parvovirus B19 (2016)

<i>Background</i>. Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a common finding in endomyocardial biopsy specimens from myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy patients. However, current understanding of how B19V is contributing to cardiac damage is rather limited due to the lack of appropriate mice models. In this work we demonstrate that immunization of BALB/c mice with the major immunogenic determinant of B19V located in the unique sequence of capsid protein VP1 (VP1u) is an adequate model to study B19V associated heart damage. <i>Methods and Results</i>. We immunized mice in the experimental group with recombinant VP1u; immunization with cardiac myosin derived peptide served as a positive reference and phosphate buffered saline served as negative control. Cardiac function and dimensions were followed echocardiographically 69 days after immunization. Progressive dilatation of left ventricle and decline of ejection fraction were observed in VP1u- and myosin-immunized mice. Histologically, severe cardiac fibrosis and accumulation of heart failure cells in lungs were observed 69 days after immunization. Transcriptomic profiling revealed ongoing cardiac remodeling and immune process in VP1u- and myosin-immunized mice. <i>Conclusions</i>. Immunization of BALB/c mice with VP1u induces dilated cardiomyopathy in BALB/c mice and it could be used as a model to study clinically relevant B19V associated cardiac damage.
Perspective: Insights on the Nomenclature of Cytokines and Chemokines (2020)

The human genome contains some 23,000 genes. Many of these are important in immunology and we have witnessed a very large increase in the characterization of novel genes important in the function of the immune system. Along with these discoveries, issues related to nomenclature have arisen. Often the names proposed for these novel genes and the proteins they encode result in confusion for a new field of research. Here I explain how nomenclature can also help bring important biological insights into the functions of cytokines and chemokines.
Copper‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of Vinyl Oxiranes. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Closing Olefin Metathesis for the Synthesis of 1,8‐Diazabicyclo(4. 3.0)non‐3‐ene‐7,9‐diones. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dyeing of Silk/PLA Mixture with Reactive Dyes (2011)

Silk/PLA mixture is a new textile material, and it combines the outstanding characteristics of silk and PLA fibers. During the wet process, this mixture is subjected to some problems owing to the poor resistance of PLA fiber to alkali. The silk component in this mixture can be dyed with acid dyes under acidic condition, and with reactive dyes under alkaline condition. In the present work, silk/PLA mixture was dyed with Everzol ED reactive dyes in the case of the use of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate as alkalis for the fixation of dyes. The alkali dosage and dyeing temperature on the uptake of dyes by this mixture were discussed. Also, the dyeing rates, building-up properties and color fastness of reactive dyes were determined. It was found that Everzol ED reactive dyes exhibited good dyeing properties for silk/PLA mixture under weakly alkaline condition in the presence of sodium bicarbonate.
A pilot study of monoclonal antibody cG250 and low dose subcutaneous IL-2 in patients (pts) with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (2004)

2558 Background: The median survival of pts with metastatic RCC is 10 months. No therapy has been shown to improve the survival of these pts. cG250 is a chimeric monoclonal antibody (MoAb) that recognizes the CAIX/MN antigen. cG250 induces Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses in vitro that can be enhanced by IL-2. Our previous trial using cG250 alone showed it is safe, that tumor-specific targeting is high and that the T½ of cG250 in the circulation is long. We studied the effects of adding daily low-dose subcutaneous (sc) IL-2 to cG250 for treatment of clear cell RCC. Methods: The endpoints of the trial were toxicity; immunological effects (human anti-chimeric antibodies [HACA], ADCC, natural killer [NK] and lymphokine-activated killer cell [LAK] activity); cG250 biodistribution and pharmacokinetics (PK); and antitumor effects. Eligible pts had unresectable metastastic or locally advanced clear cell RCC with measurable or evaluable disease. Nine pts were treated as follows. cG250: 10 mg/m2/week (wk) x 6wk (1st and 5th doses trace-labeled with 131I). IL-2: 1.25x106 IU/m2/day x 6wk. Results: Treatment was generally well tolerated with no adverse events attributable to cG250. Two pts required 50% dose reduction of IL-2 due to toxicity. No HACA was detected. Labeled cG250 showed excellent targeting of tumor deposits. cG250 PK: T½α 22.96±12.53 hrs, T½β 135.20±46.90. IL-2 did not affect cG250 PK. ADCC and/or LAK cell activity was enhanced in some pts. No antitumor responses were observed. Conclusions: Weekly cG250 with daily low-dose sc IL-2 is well tolerated. IL-2 does not influence the PK or biodistribution of cG250 and does not increase HACA. Some pts showed enhanced ADCC or LAK activity. Other strategies for enhancing the antitumor effect of cG250 are being explored. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Coupled depth learning (2016)

In this paper we propose a method for estimating depth from a single image using a coarse to fine approach. We argue that modeling the fine depth details is easier after a coarse depth map has been computed. We express a global (coarse) depth map of an image as a linear combination of a depth basis learned from training examples. The depth basis captures spatial and statistical regularities and reduces the problem of global depth estimation to the task of predicting the input-specific coefficients in the linear combination. This is formulated as a regression problem from a holistic representation of the image. Crucially, the depth basis and the regression function are coupled and jointly optimized by our learning scheme. We demonstrate that this results in a significant improvement in accuracy compared to direct regression of depth pixel values or approaches learning the depth basis disjointly from the regression function. The global depth estimate is then used as a guidance by a local refinement method that introduces depth details that were not captured at the global level. Experiments on the NYUv2 and KITTI datasets show that our method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art at a considerably lower computational cost for both training and testing.
Supporting efficient development of cognitive models at multiple skill levels (2005)

This paper presents X-PRT, a new cognitive modeling tool supporting activities ranging from interface design to basic cognitive research. X-PRT provides a graphical model development environment for the CORE constraint-based cognitive modeling engine [7,13,21]. X-PRT comprises a novel feature set: (a) it supports the automatic generation of predictive models at multiple skill levels from a single task-specification, (b) it supports a comprehensive set of modeling activities, and (c) it supports compositional reuse of existing cognitive/perceptual/motor skills by transforming high-level, hierarchical task descriptions into detailed performance predictions. Task hierarchies play a central role in X-PRT, serving as the organizing construct for task knowledge, the locus for compositionality, and the cognitive structures over which the learning theory is predicated. Empirical evidence supports the role of task hierarchies in routine skill acquisition.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Reduction of Secondary Amides to Secondary Amines and Imines by Diethylsilane. (2013)

Abstract A highly efficient, simple, and mild method for the synthesis of the title compounds, which tolerates many functional groups, is reported.
The ventricular tachycardia prediction model: Derivation and validation data (2020)

In a recent publication [1], we introduced and described a novel means (i.e. VT Prediction Model) to correctly categorize wide complex tachycardias (WCTs) into ventricular tachycardia (VT) and supraventricular wide complex tachycardia (SWCT) using routine measurements shown on electrocardiogram (ECG) paper recordings. In this article, we summarize data components relating to the derivation and validation of the VT Prediction Model.
Supplemental Figure Legends from AEG-1 Promoter–Mediated Imaging of Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legend for Supplemental Figures S1-S8.&lt;/p&gt;
Optimal Supervisory Control of the Series HEV with Consideration of Temperature Effects on Battery Fading and Cooling Loss (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper develops a methodology to optimize the supervisory controller for a heavy-duty series hybrid electric vehicle, with consideration of battery aging and cooling loss. Electrochemistrybased battery aging model is integrated into vehicle model. The side reaction, reductive electrolyte decomposition, is modeled to determine battery aging rate, and the thermal effect on this reaction rate is considered by Arrhenius Law. The resulting capacity and power fading is included in the system-level study. Sensitivity analysis shows that battery aging could cause fuel economy loss by 5.9%, and increasing temperature could improve fuel economy at any given state-of-health, while accelerating battery aging. Stochastic dynamic programming algorithm is applied to a modeled system to handle the tradeoff between two objectives: maximizing fuel economy and minimizing battery aging. The strategy developed by the stochastic dynamic programming improves fuel economy by 8%, and reduces the lithium ion loss by 17% after 9e3 cycles.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Highly Fluorescent Dinuclear Aluminium Complex with Near‐Unity Quantum Yield** (2022)

The high natural abundance of aluminium makes the respective fluorophores attractive for various optical applications, but photoluminescence quantum yields above 0.7 have yet not been reported for solutions of aluminium complexes. In this contribution, a dinuclear aluminium(III) complex featuring enhanced photoluminescence properties is described. Its facile one-pot synthesis originates from a readily available precursor and trimethyl aluminium. In solution, the complex exhibits an unprecedented photoluminescence quantum yield near unity (Φ<sub>absolute</sub> 1.0±0.1) and an excited-state lifetime of 2.3 ns. In the solid state, J-aggregation and aggregation-caused quenching are noted, but still quantum yields of 0.6 are observed. Embedding the complex in electrospun non-woven fabrics yields a highly fluorescent fleece possessing a quantum yield of 0.9±0.04.
predatory pricing (2011)

It has long been part of the popular folklore of business that firms sometimes engage in predatory actions against their competitors. For example, a firm might cut its price so low in some local market where it faces competition that neither the firm nor its competitor can earn a profit there. Such price-cutting would be called ‘predatory’ (by some) because it is inconsistent with shortrun profit maximization by the firm and it appears to benefit the firm in the long run only by bankrupting or otherwise weakening its rival. Of course, predatory actions are not limited to pricing decisions – for example, a choice of store locations by a grocery chain too near its competitors could be predatory – but our discussion in this short note will focus on predatory pricing and the theoretical controversy surrounding it.
Laser-induced fluorescence determination of internal-state distribution of OH produced by H+NO2 in crossed molecular beams (1976)

The relative populations of rotational states in the v=0 and v=1 vibrational states of OH produced in the reaction of H+NO2→OH+NO in crossed molecular beams were measured by laser-induced fluorescence. The excited vibrational state v=1 was found to be produced at 1.3±0.3 times the rate of v=0. High degrees of rotational excitation were also observed. The rotational-state distributions were analyzed in information theoretic terms. A linear surprisal was found, which yielded a rotational surprisal parameter λROT=−2.69±0.57 for v=0.
Ragone Plot Comparison of Radioisotope Cells and the Direct Sodium Borohydride/Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cell With Chemical Batteries (2008)

Radioisotope cells (RCs) and a direct sodium borohydride/hydrogen peroxide fuel cell ( FC) are compared to conventional chemical batteries through Ragone plots of theoretical (RCs) and experimental (chemical batteries and FC) data. It is found that the RCs are projected to have superior specific energy but inferior specific power, while the borohydride/peroxide FC shows an impressive range for both parameters. Thus, RCs may be especially useful in battery charging, communications, or other applications that require a long-lived, low-power source or periodic pulses of energy. While the borohydride/peroxide FC can be scaled to a variety of high-power applications, it is especially well suited for space and undersea use where air independence is essential.