gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Supporting Electrolyte on Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Performance: Catholyte (2022)

Alkaline or hydroxide exchange membrane water electrolysis (HEMWE) is a promising technology for green hydrogen production using platinum group metal-free catalysts and stainless steel, an advantage of alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), and a gas-impermeable membrane, a parallel to proton exchange membrane electrolysis (PEMWE). However, the HEMWE requires supporting electrolytes and there is minimal understanding of their role on the respective reactions. Without SELs, HEMWE performance and durability are worse than PEMWE systems. Herein, consistently feeding potassium hydroxide anolyte, we systematically study the effects of catholyte SELs in HEMWEs including dry vs. wet operation, cation effects, anion effects, and cation/OH ratios on cell potential and stability. We report that (i) hydration of the cathode improves high current density operation by preventing dehydration of the hydroxide exchange membrane (HEM), (ii) there was no correlation between cation type and cell potential, (iii) cell potential and high frequency resistance did not correlate with SEL conductivity, (iv) cathodic carbonate SEL had a significant negative effect on cell performance, (v) increased cation/OH ratio also caused increased cell potentials. Overall, this study concludes that feeding water or potassium hydroxide solution is desirable to improve the AEMWE performance.
Mycolic acids. A reinvestigation (1978)

Mycolic acids derived from the cell walls of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium bovis Bovinus I, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv have been fractionated as their p-bromophenacyl esters by a two-step high performance liquid chromatographic procedure: 1) adsorption chromatography on 10-micrometer particle size silica gel, and 2) reverse phase partition chromatography on a 10-micrometer particle size support containing a C18 bonded phase. This procedure has resulted in the isolation of approximately 24 mycolic acids from each bacterium (very likely homologs of various mycolate types) instead of the two to four that have previously been described. The implication of these results on the previously determined structures of these fatty acids is discussed.
Modeling and Analysis of Automatic Transmission Engagement Dynamics-Nonlinear Case Including Validation (2005)

Abstract A typical control-oriented automatic transmission model does not include some mostly nonlinear effects such as transmission component friction and backlash, Stribeck clutch friction, clutch drag, and engine block dynamics. It is shown in this paper that such a model cannot provide an accurate description of the power train dynamics during park/reverse and park/drive engagements. An analysis of the influence of various nonlinear effects on the engagement dynamic behavior is presented. The relevant nonlinear effects are incorporated in the basic power train model. The extended model is experimentally validated for typical engagement operating modes.
Learning to Learn Quantum Turbo Detection (2022)

This paper investigates a turbo receiver employing a variational quantum circuit (VQC). The VQC is configured with an ansatz of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). We propose a 'learning to learn' (L2L) framework to optimize the turbo VQC decoder such that high fidelity soft-decision output is generated. Besides demonstrating the proposed algorithm's computational complexity, we show that the L2L VQC turbo decoder can achieve an excellent performance close to the optimal maximum-likelihood performance in a multiple-input multiple-output system.
Dynamic Resource Allocation of eMBB-uRLLC Traffic in 5G New Radio (2020)

5G technology is intended to support three promising services with heterogeneous requirements: Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (uRLLC), enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC). The presence of these services on the same network creates a challenging task of resource allocation to meet their requirements. Given the critical nature of uRLLC applications, uRLLC traffic will always have the highest priority which causes a negative impact on the performance of other types of applications. In this paper, the problem of uRLLC/eMBB resource allocation is formulated as an optimization problem aiming to maximize the average throughput of eMBB User Equipment (UE) while satisfying the latency demands of uRLLC applications. A dynamic programming approach is used to achieve an optimal resource allocation for uRLLC traffic on a TTI level that minimizes its impact on eMBB average throughput in addition to preserving an acceptable level of fairness among eMBB UE. This approach is applied on top of heuristic scheduling algorithms where uRLLC traffic punctures pre-allocated resources of eMBB UE upon arrival. The effectiveness of the approach is evaluated using numerical simulations and the results show how it minimizes the impact of uRLLC traffic on the performance of these algorithms in terms of data rate, spectral efficiency, and fairness.
Kinase-Modulated Bioluminescent Indicators Enable Noninvasive Imaging of Drug Activity in the Brain (2023)

Aberrant kinase activity contributes to the pathogenesis of brain cancers, neurodegeneration, and neuropsychiatric diseases, but identifying kinase inhibitors that function in the brain is challenging. Drug levels in blood do not predict efficacy in the brain because the blood-brain barrier prevents entry of most compounds. Rather, assessing kinase inhibition in the brain requires tissue dissection and biochemical analysis, a time-consuming and resource-intensive process. Here, we report kinase-modulated bioluminescent indicators (KiMBIs) for noninvasive longitudinal imaging of drug activity in the brain based on a recently optimized luciferase-luciferin system. We develop an ERK KiMBI to report inhibitors of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway, for which no bioluminescent indicators previously existed. ERK KiMBI discriminates between brain-penetrant and nonpenetrant MEK inhibitors, reveals blood-tumor barrier leakiness in xenograft models, and reports MEK inhibitor pharmacodynamics in native brain tissues and intracranial xenografts. Finally, we use ERK KiMBI to screen ERK inhibitors for brain efficacy, identifying temuterkib as a promising brain-active ERK inhibitor, a result not predicted from chemical characteristics alone. Thus, KiMBIs enable the rapid identification and pharmacodynamic characterization of kinase inhibitors suitable for treating brain diseases.
Active control of surface plasmon polaritons by optical isomerization of an azobenzene polymer film (2009)

Active control of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) by optical isomerization of an azobenzene polymer film is proposed and demonstrated in this letter. A tightly focused 532 nm laser beam was used to change the wave number of the SPPs and a separate unpolarized light source was employed to erase the change, forming one cycle of the control. The largest change of the SPPs wave number obtained in the experiments is about 0.0382K0 in the case of 54 nm thickness azo-polymer film. Validity of this method is confirmed by consistence between theoretical and experimental results.
Effect of PCC crystallization and morphology on flocculation with microfibrillated cellulose, on sheet densification and liquid absorption behavior (2020)

Abstract Composite sheets consisting of elongated and aggregated cationically charged precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and native microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were prepared with a wet laying method. The furnishes were prepared with and without an anionic flocculating agent (polyacrylamide) in order to adjust the structure of the sheet. The samples were compressed (densified) in order to determine the particle and microfibrillated cellulose-PCC structure coalescence and densification, as well as its subsequent influence on liquid absorption behavior. The densification affected both the vertical and lateral distribution of PCC, but the flocculating agent enhanced the compression stability and stabilized the sheets against PCC material flow. The differences between the sheets made with and without the flocculation aid affected the absorption of an anionic dye-based fluid ink, which was evident as a higher print density and less print bleeding. The absorption behavior was dependent on the sheet structure, especially on the PCC distribution within the sheets. Finally, the role of MFC on floc structure and floc formation is discussed. Graphic abstract
Table S5 from Inhibition of BET Bromodomain Proteins with GS-5829 and GS-626510 in Uterine Serous Carcinoma, a Biologically Aggressive Variant of Endometrial Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Average quantitative nuclear histological score associated with the ex vivo c-Myc expression assessed by IHC in the ARK2 xenograft tumor samples, excised 1 hour, 6 hours and 12 hours after the last dose of GS-5829 at 20, 10 mg/kg, JQ1 at 50 mg/kg and vehicle for oral gavage studies, following 28 days of treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
Lack of Induction of Neuroretinal Cell Proliferation by Rous Sarcoma Virus Variants That Carry the c-src Gene (1985)

Expression of p60v-src of Rous sarcoma virus in cultured chicken embryo neuroretinal cells was previously shown to result in the transformation and sustained proliferation of normally quiescent cell populations. We show here that Rous sarcoma virus variants that encode p60c-src, the cellular homolog of p60v-src, lack the ability to induce morphological transformation and cell proliferation of cultured neuroretinal cells. Neuroretinal cells infected with c-src-containing viruses, however, possess no less p60 protein kinase activity assayed in the immune complex than those infected with the transformation-defective Rous sarcoma virus mutants PA101 or PA104, which do stimulate the growth of these cells.
Sheath Gas (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Plasma desorption mass spectrometry, an analytical tool in protein engineering: characterization of modified insulins (1989)

Californium-252 plasma desorption mass spectrometry (PDMS) has been employed for the characterization of a series of human insulin derivatives in order to evaluate the performance of this technique as an analytical tool in protein engineering. Several of the characterized modifications result in a 1 a.m.u. mass change. The precision in mass determination obtainable by PDMS analysis is not sufficient for unambiguous verification of such modifications based on the molecular weight alone. It is, however, possible to carry out in situ enzymatic digestion of the sample. Subsequent PDMS analysis will in most cases reveal if the modification has been introduced as intended.
Inside Back Cover: Singlet Oxygen during Cycling of the Aprotic Sodium–O2 Battery (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49/2017) (2017)

The biggest hurdle facing the development of Na–O2 batteries is parasitic chemistry. In their Communication on page 15728 ff., S. A. Freunberger et al. show evidence that the highly reactive singlet oxygen forms at all stages of cycling, especially at high charging voltages, and that it is the main driver for parasitic reactions. However, trace water, which is needed for high capacities, also drives the parasitic chemistry. Ways to prevent or eliminate singlet oxygen are, therefore, needed to improve cyclability.
Microseek: A Protein-Based Metagenomic Pipeline for Virus Diagnostic and Discovery (2022)

We present Microseek, a pipeline for virus identification and discovery based on RVDB-prot, a comprehensive, curated and regularly updated database of viral proteins. Microseek analyzes metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) raw data by performing quality steps, de novo assembly, and by scoring the Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) from translated reads and contigs. Microseek runs on a local computer. The outcome of the pipeline is displayed through a user-friendly and dynamic graphical interface. Based on two representative mNGS datasets derived from human tissue and plasma specimens, we illustrate how Microseek works, and we report its performances. In silico spikes of known viral sequences, but also spikes of fake <i>Neopneumovirus</i> viral sequences generated with variable evolutionary distances from known members of the Pneumoviridae family, were used. Results were compared to Chan Zuckerberg ID (CZ ID), a reference cloud-based mNGS pipeline. We show that Microseek reliably identifies known viral sequences and performs well for the detection of distant pseudoviral sequences, especially in complex samples such as in human plasma, while minimizing non-relevant hits.
Receptive anal sex contributes substantially to heterosexually acquired HIV infections among at‐risk women in twenty US cities: Results from a modelling analysis (2020)

Receptive anal intercourse may contribute disproportionately to new heterosexually acquired HIV infections among at-risk low-income women in the USA, meaning that tools to prevent HIV transmission during RAI are warranted. The number of RVI and RAI acts should also be collected to monitor heterosexually acquired HIV infections.
The authors reply (2017)

Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA Dr. Sweeney’s institution received funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He owns stock in Multerra Bio. Dr. Khatri received support for article research from the National Institutes of Health and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Drs. Sweeney and Khatri are co-founders and stockholders of Inflammatix, which has a commercial interest in the Sepsis MetaScore.
Data from AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Results in Cytoplasmic Sequestration of p27 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Tuberin, the &lt;i&gt;Tsc2&lt;/i&gt; gene product, integrates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (mitogenic) and LKB1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK; energy) signaling pathways, and previous independent studies have shown that loss of tuberin is associated with elevated AMPK signaling and altered p27 function. In Tsc2-null tumors and tumor-derived cells from Eker rats, we observed elevated AMPK signaling and concordant cytoplasmic mislocalization of p27. Cytoplasmic localization of p27 in Tsc2-null cells was reversible pharmacologically using inhibitors of the LKB1/AMPK pathway, and localization of p27 to the cytoplasm could be induced directly by activating AMPK physiologically (glucose deprivation) or genetically (constitutively active AMPK) in Tsc2-proficient cells. Furthermore, AMPK phosphorylated p27 &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; on at least three sites including T170 near the nuclear localization signal, and T170 was shown to determine p27 localization in response to AMPK signaling. p27 functions in the nucleus to suppress cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (Cdk2) activity and has been reported to mediate an antiapoptotic function when localized to the cytoplasm. We found that cells with elevated AMPK signaling and cytoplasmic p27 localization exhibited elevated Cdk2 activity, which could be suppressed by inhibiting AMPK signaling. In addition, cells with elevated AMPK signaling and cytoplasmic p27 localization were resistant to apoptosis, which could be overcome by inhibition of AMPK signaling and relocalization of p27 to the nucleus. These data show that AMPK signaling determines the subcellular localization of p27, and identifies loss of integration of pathways controlling energy balance, the cell cycle, and apoptosis due to aberrant AMPK and p27 function as a feature of cells that have lost the &lt;i&gt;Tsc2&lt;/i&gt; tumor suppressor gene. [Cancer Res 2008;68(16):6496–506]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Meta-analysis fine-mapping is often miscalibrated at single-variant resolution (2022)

Meta-analysis is pervasively used to combine multiple genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Fine-mapping of meta-analysis studies is typically performed as in a single-cohort study. Here, we first demonstrate that heterogeneity (e.g., of sample size, phenotyping, imputation) hurts calibration of meta-analysis fine-mapping. We propose a summary statistics-based quality-control (QC) method, suspicious loci analysis of meta-analysis summary statistics (SLALOM), that identifies suspicious loci for meta-analysis fine-mapping by detecting outliers in association statistics. We validate SLALOM in simulations and the GWAS Catalog. Applying SLALOM to 14 meta-analyses from the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative (GBMI), we find that 67% of loci show suspicious patterns that call into question fine-mapping accuracy. These predicted suspicious loci are significantly depleted for having nonsynonymous variants as lead variant (2.7×; Fisher's exact p = 7.3 × 10<sup>-4</sup>). We find limited evidence of fine-mapping improvement in the GBMI meta-analyses compared with individual biobanks. We urge extreme caution when interpreting fine-mapping results from meta-analysis of heterogeneous cohorts.
Mechanism of phosphonoacetate inhibition of herpesvirus-induced DNA polymerase (1976)

Phosphonoacetate was an effective inhibitor of both the Marek's disease herpesvirus- and the herpesvirus of turkey-induced DNA polymerase. Using the herpesvirus of turkey-induced DNA polymerase, phosphonoacetate inhibition studies for the DNA polymerization reaction and for the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate-pyrophosphate exchange reaction were carried out. The results demonstrated that phosphonoacetate inhibited the polymerase by interacting with it at the pyrophosphate binding site to create an alternate reaction pathway. A detailed mechanism and rate equation for the inhibition were developed. For comparison to phosphonoacetate, pyrophosphate inhibition patterns and apparent inhibition constants were determined. Twelve analogues of phosphonoacetate were tested as inhibitors of the herpesvirus of turkey-induced DNA polymerase. At the concentrations tested, only one, 2-phosphonopropionate, was an inhibitor. The apparent inhibition constant for it was about 50 times greater than the corresponding apparent inhibition constant for phosphonoacetate. DNA polymerase alpha of duck embryo fibroblasts, the host cell for the herpesviruses, was inhibited by phosphonoacetate. The apparent inhibition constants for the alpha polymerase were about 10-20 times greater than the corresponding inhibition constants for the herpesvirus-induced DNA polymerase. Duck DNA polymerase beta, Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, and avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase were not inhibited by phosphonoacetate.
The Role of the Immune System in Ovarian Cancer and Implications on Therapy (2016)

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy in the United States. While the treatment options have improved with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy and advanced surgical techniques, disease recurrence is common and fatal in nearly all cases. Current evidence suggests that the immune system and its ability to recognize and eliminate microscopic disease is paramount in preventing recurrence. The goal of immunotherapy is to balance the activation of the immune system against cancer while preventing the potential for tremendous toxicity elicited by immune modulation. In this paper we will review the role of immune system in disease pathogenesis and different immunotherapies available for the treatment of ovarian cancer as well as current ongoing studies and potential future directions.
First-Time Disclosures of Clinical Candidates (2018)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTFirst-Time Disclosures of Clinical CandidatesBruce E. MaryanoffBruce E. MaryanoffDepartment of Chemistry, The Scripps Research InstituteMore by Bruce E. Maryanoffhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-3590-2357Cite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2018, 9, 7, 575Publication Date (Web):July 12, 2018Publication History Published online12 July 2018Published inissue 12 July 2018https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00207https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00207editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2018 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1446Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (223 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Medicinal chemistry,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
High-Contrast Chemically Amplified Photodefinable Poly(benzoxazole) Using Dissolution Reversers (2004)

A novel thermal-stable positive-tone photodefinable material has been proposed which applies chemical amplification system to a poly(benzoxazole). To fabricate thick film and also to obtain high dissolution contrast, we paid attention to a three-component system consisting of a poly(benzoxazole) precursor, photoacid generator, and dissolution reverser. In this paper, we describe the design concept of dissolution reversers affording a significant difference in dissolution rate between the exposed and the unexposed area. Moreover, we discuss the photolithographic and film properties of the proposed material. On the basis of the dissolution behavior study, we have designed some promising dicarboxylic acid derivatives for dissolution reversers. We found that the chemically amplified poly(benzoxazole) using the dissolution reversers will afford excellent photolithographic properties such as high sensitivity, fine resolution, and good critical dimension control, along with excellent film properties comparable to those of the conventional non-photodefinable polyimide.