gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid-Phase Permethylation for Glycomic Analysis (2008)

This chapter discusses in detail a miniaturized version of the widely used permethylation technique which permits quantitative derivatization of oligosaccharides derived from minute quantities of glycoprotein. The approach involves packing of sodium hydroxide powder or beads in a microcolumn format, including spin columns, fused silica capillaries (500 microm i.d.) and plastic tubes (1 mm i.d.). The derivatization proceeds effectively in less than a minute time scale and it is applicable to glycans derived from femtomole quantities of glycoproteins. Prior to mass spectrometry (MS), methyl iodide is added to analytes suspended in dimethyl sulfoxide solution containing traces of water. The reaction mixture is then immediately infused through the microreactor. The packed sodium hydroxide powder or beads inside the microcolumns minimize oxidative degradation and peeling reactions which are otherwise commonly associated with the conventional permethylation technique. In addition, this solid-phase permethylation approach eliminates the need for excessive sample clean-up. As demonstrated below, picomole amounts of various types of glycans derived from model glycoproteins as well as real samples, including linear and branched, sialylated and neutral glycans were shown to become rapidly and efficiently permethylated through this approach.
Individuals With Parkinson Disease Are Adherent to a High-Intensity Community-Based Cycling Exercise Program (2021)

Consistent attendance and exercise performance at moderate to high intensities are feasible in the context of a community-based Pedaling for Parkinson's class. Consistency and intensity of aerobic exercise have been proposed as critical features to elicit potential disease modification benefits associated with exercise. Community-based fitness programs that bring laboratory protocols to the "real world" are a feasible intervention to augment current Parkinson disease treatment approaches. See the Supplementary Video, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A357.
Voltage dependence of the magnetoresistance and the tunneling current in magnetic tunnel junctions (abstract) (1997)

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ), structures consisting of two ferromagnetic layers separated by a thin barrier of Al2O3, have recently been shown to exhibit large magnetoresistance (MR) at room temperature. The possible use of these structures in devices requires a thorough characterization and understanding of the transport properties of MTJs, which has motivated the present work. The junctions studied here were fabricated via dc sputtering on silicon substrates at room temperature with a series of contact masks to define the junction area (80×80 μm2), and plasma oxidation to produce the insulating barrier. A long standing problem of MTJs is the sensitivity of their MR to bias voltage. For example, in a recent work1 it was reported that the peak MR of 11% exhibited by a CoFe/Al2O3/Co junction was decreased by half at a bias voltage of &amp;lt;200 mV. In this work, we will show a significant improvement of the MR voltage dependence, with peak MR values of 20%–25% near zero bias decreasing to half these values for 300–500 mV. The voltage falloff is typically asymmetric with regard to the sign of the applied voltage. For example, the peak MR of a Co/Al2O3/Ni85Fe15 MTJ, in which the Co is exchange biased with Mn54Fe46, decreases by half at a positive bias of 300 mV but requires a negative bias of 500 mV to attain the same MR decrease. There is significant structure in the resistance versus bias voltage curves with distinct differences at high and low magnetic fields for which the moments of the Co and Ni85Fe15 layers are parallel and antiparallel, respectively. A decrease in MR at high bias levels is found in all junctions independent of their resistance and the composition of the magnetic layers. However, the detailed dependence of MR on bias voltage varies with the detailed structure of the MTJ. Results will be presented for a wide range of magnetic materials and for junction resistances varying from 1 to 10 000 Ω. Possible explanations for this phenomena will be offered.
Newly Diagnosed Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) is Associated with Low Level Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD65) and IA-2 Autoantibodies (2000)

A quantitative assay with microSepharose was used to determine GAD65Ab and IA-2Ab levels in 771 population-based patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at 15 to 34 years of age, and in 828 matched controls. Among the patients, 587 (76%) were classified with type I, 108 (14%) with type II, and 76 (10%) with unclassifiable diabetes. The levels above normal demonstrated a prevalence of GAD65Ab in 66% of type I diabetes, 50% of type II diabetes and 54% of unclassifiable patients and for IA-2Ab in 40%, 17% and 21%, respectively. Among the autoantibody-positive sera, the LADA patients had a lower GAD65Ab index (median 0.19, p < 0.0001) and IA-2Ab index (median 0.28, p < 0.0001) than the type I patients (median 0.37 and 0.66). Patients with unclassifiable diabetes had a GAD65Ab (median 0.43) or IA-2Ab (median 0.63) index which was not different from the type I diabetes patients. Our data demonstrate that young adult new-onset LADA patients have low level GAD65Ab and IA-2Ab. The low-level autoantibodies may signify a less aggressive beta-cell autoimmunity, which may explain why these patients are often classified with type II or non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
A Systematic Approach to Modeling Impedances and Current Distribution in Planar Magnetics (2015)

Planar magnetic components using printed circuit board (pcb) windings are attractive due to their high repeatability, good thermal performance, and usefulness for realizing intricate winding patterns. To enable higher system integration at high switching frequency, more sophisticated methods that can rapidly and accurately model planar magnetics are needed. This paper develops a systematic approach to modeling impedances and current distribution in planar magnetics based on a lumped circuit model named as the modular layer model (MLM). Stacked pcb layers are modeled as repeating modular impedance networks, with additional modular impedances representing the magnetic core, air gaps, and vias. The model captures skin and proximity effects, and enables accurate predictions of impedances, losses, stored reactive energy, and current sharing among windings. The MLM can be used to simulate circuits incorporating planar magnetics, to visualize the electromagnetic fields, and to extract parameters for magnetic models by simulations, among many other applications. The modeling results are checked with results of previous theories and finite-element-modeling approaches, with good matching presented. A group of planar magnetic devices, including transformers and inductors with various winding patterns, are prototyped, and measured to validate the proposed approach and clarify the boundaries of its applicability.
Modelling and Analysis of Proximity Effect in IGBT Fuses (2005)

The demand for protection of power electronic applications has during the last couple of years increased regarding the high-power IGBT modules. The consequences of electrical faults can be severe in special cases; not only on the equipment but also to people, if safety principles are not applied. Even with an active protection, a high power IGBT still has a risk of exhibiting a violent rupture in the case of a fault if e.g. IGBT fuses are not protecting it. By introducing fuses into voltage source converters a better protection of IGBT's can be achieved. However, skin and proximity effects affect the current distribution in a fuse due to the high frequency currents and thus a need for de-rating the fuse. This paper shows an analytical model for studying the proximity effect into a fuse. The results obtained using this model are compared with experiments.
T‐Cell Recognition of HLA Class II Molecules Induced by Gamma‐Interferon on a Colonic Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (HT29) (1990)

HLA class II molecules may be induced on non-lymphoid cells by gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma). We investigated if HLA class II molecules induced by IFN-gamma on the HT29 colonic carcinoma cell line are functional, i.e. if they may be recognized by allogeneic T cells. We found that IFN-gamma-treated HT29 (HT29IFN) cells could not induce primary proliferative responses of peripheral blood T lymphocytes, nor were they able to induce proliferation in T-lymphocyte clones (TLC) specific for HLA class II molecules found on HT29IFN. However, in the presence of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2), 1 of 5 DQw8-specific TLC proliferated when restimulated with HT29IFN, and 3 of these 5 TLC could very effectively inhibit the growth of HT29IFN, probably due to a cytotoxic effect. Both the proliferative response and the cytotoxicity were inhibited by anti-DQ MoAb. We conclude that T cells may recognize HLA-DQ molecules on non-lymphoid cells, which may be of relevance for autoimmune diseases, graft-versus-host disease, and possibly for the recognition of malignant cells.
Reduction properties of Ce in CeOx/Pt/Al2O3 catalysts (2015)

A controlled surface reaction (CSR) technique has been successfully employed to prepare a series of CeOx modified Pt/Al2O3 catalysts, offering a unique system to specifically probe the relationship between Ce and Pt without any bulk CeO2 present. Ce L3 edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis was used to ascertain the oxidation state of the Ce in the catalyst materials in atmospheres of air, H2 (g), and CO (g) at room temperature. The XANES data showed that the Ce was present as both Ce3+ and Ce4+ oxidation states in an atmosphere of air, becoming predominantly present as Ce3+ in H2 and CO. The results indicate the role of Pt in the process, and show that with the absence of bulk CeO2, changes in Ce oxidation state can be observed at non-elevated temperatures. The CeOx/Pt/Al2O3 catalysts were tested for their performance toward the water gas shift (WGS) reaction and showed improved performance compared to the unmodified Pt/Al2O3, even at very low concentrations of Ce (?0.35?wt-%)
Digital staining of pathological tissue specimens using spectral transmittance (2005)

Staining of tissue specimens is a classical procedure in pathological diagnosis to enhance the contrast between tissue components such that identification and classification of these components can be easily performed. In this paper, a framework for digital staining of pathological specimens using the information derived from the <i>L</i>-band spectral transmittance of various pathological tissue components is introduced, particularly the transformation of a Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) stained specimen to its Masson-Trichrome (MT) stained counterpart. The digital staining framework involves the classification of tissue components, which are highlighted when the specimen is actually stained with MT stain, e.g. fibrosis, from the HE-stained image; and the linear mapping between specific sets of HE and MT stained transmittance spectra through pseudo-inverse procedure to produce the <i>L</i>x<i>L</i> transformation matrices that will be used to transform the HE stained transmittance to its equivalent MT stained transmittance configuration. To generate the digitally stained image, the decisions of multiple quadratic classifiers are pooled to form the weighting factors for the transformation matrices. Initial results of our experiments on liver specimens show the viability of multispectral imaging (MSI) for the implementation of digital staining in the pathological context.
Synthesis of Y2O3:Bi3+,Yb3+ nanosheets from layered yttrium hydroxide precursor and their photoluminescence properties (2017)

Morphologies, photoluminescence properties, and photostability were characterized for Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Bi<sup>3+</sup>,Yb<sup>3+</sup> fluorescent nanosheets prepared through calcining solvothermally synthesized layered yttrium hydroxide precursors.
125 years of virology and ascent of biotechnologies based on viral expressio (2017)

The study of viruses lasts for more than a century since their discovery in 1892. In recent decades, viruses are also being actively exploited as a biotechnological tool. Plant-virus-driven transient expression of heterologous proteins is an actively developing production platform; it is the basis of several industrial processes that are currently being used for the production of multiple recombinant proteins. Viral vectors have also become useful tools for research. Viral vectors delivered by Agrobacterium (magnifection) provide for high pro-tein yield, rapid scale up and fast manufacturing. In this review, we explore modern approaches for bio technological production of recombinant proteins in plants using viral vectors.
Depth‐Based 3D Video Formats and Coding Technology (2013)

This chapter provides an overview of the current status of research and standardization activity towards defining a new set of depth-based formats that facilitate the generation of intermediate views with a compact binary representation. It provides a brief introduction to depth-based representation and rendering techniques, which are the basis for the functionality offered by depth-based formats. The chapter discusses different coding architectures, including those that are compatible with the existing AVC standard as well as those that are compatible to the emerging high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard. Hybrid coding architectures that mix coding formats are also discussed. The chapter presents the various compression technologies that have been proposed and are being considered for standardization. Then, results from a large-scale experimental evaluation that are presented to indicate the possible improvements over the current-state-of-the-art coding approaches. Controlled Vocabulary Terms video coding
Performance analysis of multiple access techniques for land-mobile satellite communications (2002)

An analysis is presented of the throughput and delay characteristics of a land-mobile satellite channel. Both slotted ALOHA and slotted direct-sequence CDMA (code division multiple access) are evaluated, using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation and forward error correction coding (FEC). In the case of CDMA, the application of maximal ratio combining is also taken into account. Numerical results are presented for arbitrary code lengths and for specific values of the number of resolvable paths. It is shown that CDMA can offer a substantial improvement over slotted ALOHA, especially when error correction and path diversity are applied.
A fluorescence resonance energy transfer quantum dot explosive nanosensor (Invited Paper) (2005)

Quantum dots (QDs) are a versatile synthetic photoluminescent nanomaterial whose chemical and photo-physical properties suggest that they may be superior to conventional organic fluorophores for a variety of biosensing applications. We have previously investigated QD-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) interactions by using the E. coli bacterial periplasmic binding protein - maltose binding protein (MBP) which was site-specifically dye-labeled and self assembled onto the QD surface and allowed us to monitor FRET between the QD donor and the acceptor dye. FRET efficiency increased as a function of the number of dye-acceptor moieties arrayed around the QD donor. We used this system to further demonstrate a prototype FRET based biosensor that functioned in the chemical/nutrient sensing of maltose. There are a number of potential benefits to using this type of QD-FRET based biosensing strategy. The protein attached to the QDs surface functions as a biosensing and biorecognition element in this configuration while the QD acts as both nanoscaffold and FRET energy donor. In this report, we show that the sensor design can be extended to target a completely unrelated analyte, namely the explosive TNT. The sensor consists of anti-TNT antibody fragments self-assembled onto the QD surface with a dye-labeled analog of TNT (TNB coupled to AlexaFluor 555 dye) prebound in the fragment binding site. The close proximity of dye to QD establishes a baseline level of FRET and addition of TNT displaces the TNB-dye analog, recovering QD photoluminescence in a concentration dependent manner. Potential benefits of this QD sensing strategy are discussed.
Concept Demonstration of Dopant Selective Reactive Etching (DSRIE) in Silicon Carbide (2015)

Accurate quantification of combustor pressure dynamics for the primary purpose of experimental validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes requires the use of robust, reliable and sensitive pressure sensors that can resolve sub--pound-per-square-inch pressure levels in high temperature environments (i.e., combustor). The state of the art microfabricated piezoresistive silicon carbide (SiC) pressure sensors that we have developed are capable of operating reliably at 600 degrees Centigrade. This technology was used in support of the ARMD ISRP-ERA (NASA's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, Integrated System Research Project - Environmentally Responsible Aviation) program to quantify combustor thermoacoustic instabilities. The results showed that while the SiC pressure sensors survived the high temperature and measured instabilities, the diaphragm (force collector) was not thin enough to be sensitive in resolving sub-pound-per-square-inch pressures; 30 meters is the thinnest diaphragm achievable with conventional reactive ion etching (RIE) processes. Therefore, this precludes its use for sub-pound-per-square-inch pressure measurement with high fidelity. In order to effectively resolve sub-pound-per-square-inch pressures, a thinner more sensitive diaphragm (10 meters) is needed. To achieve this would require a new and innovative fabrication process technique.
Predation by the Western Predatory Mite (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on the Pacific Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) in the Presence of Road Dust (1989)

Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined the effects of road dust on predation by the western predatory mite, Typhlodromus (= Galandromus ) occidentalis (Nesbitt), on the Pacific spider mite, Tetranychus pacificus McGregor. Significantly fewer Pacific spider mites were found on bean plants and almond trees with western predatory mites regardless of the presence or absence of dust. A detrimental effect of dust was not evident on populations of western predatory mites. The effect of dust on populations of Pacific spider mites was not conclusive because high and low populations were associated with the presence of dust. In addition to dust and predators, we examined the effect of almond tree water stress on predation. Water stress did not have any significant effects on either population, however the accumulated degree hour difference between stressed and nonstressed trees was low. These studies suggest that road dust does not influence predation by western predatory mites on Pacific spider mites.
Coded Transmission under Non-Cooperative Radar Interference (2020)

There has been increasing interest for the coexistence of communication and radar systems which share the same wireless channel. This paper investigates the effect of non-cooperative additive radar interference for a communication channel where convolutional encoder is used. In order to include any given pair of convolutional encoder and M-ary constellation in the analysis, bit-error-rate (BER) bound expressions for low and high interference regions are derived based on product-state matrix technique. Thus, the any chosen constellation together with convolutional encoder does not need to satisfy the quasi-regularity (QR) property that includes geometrical uniformity and symmetry. Numerical results validate the derived performance bounds and using proper optimization techniques, the derived expressions can be utilized in search for good constellations for a given coding scheme suffering from radar interference without any restrictions on the constellation points and the choice of convolutional encoder.
High-repetition-rate picosecond pump laser based on a Yb:YAG disk amplifier for optical parametric amplification (2009)

We report an optically synchronized picosecond pump laser for optical parametric amplifiers based on an Yb:YAG thin-disk amplifier. At 3 kHz repetition rate, pulse energies of 25 mJ with 1.6 ps pulse duration were achieved with an rms fluctuation in pulse energy of <0.7% by utilizing a broadly intermittent single-energy regime in the deterministic chaos of a continuously pumped regenerative amplifier.
Neurologic disorders incidence in HIV vs HIV men (2012)

Objective: To study the incidence and pattern of neurologic disorders in a large cohort of HIV- positive men, compared with HIV-negative men, in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study is a prospective study of men who have sex with men enrolled in 4 cities in the United States. We compared HIV-positive vs HIV-negative men for incidence and category of neurologic diagnoses in the HAART era (July 1, 1996, to last known follow-up or death, on or before July 1, 2011). Results: There were 3,945 participants alive during the HAART era (2,083 HIV negative, 1,776 HIV positive, and 86 who became infected with HIV during the study period) including 3,427 who were older than 40 years of age. Median age at first neurologic diagnosis among all participants alive in the HAART era was lower in HAART-treated HIV-positive vs HIV-negative men (48 vs 57 years of age, p 0.001). Incidence of neurologic diagnoses was higher in HAART-treated HIV- positive vs HIV-negative men (younger than 40 years: 11.4 vs 0 diagnoses per 1,000 person- years (p 0.001); 40-49 years: 11.6 vs 2.0 (p 0.001); 50-60 years: 15.1 vs 3.0 (p 0.001); older than 60 years: 17.0 vs 5.7 (p 0.01)). Excess neurologic disease was found in the catego- ries of nervous system infections (p 0.001), dementia (p 0.001), seizures/epilepsy (p 0.01), and peripheral nervous system disorders (p 0.001), but not stroke (p 0.60). Conclusions: HIV-positive men receiving HAART have a higher burden of neurologic disease than HIV-negative men and develop neurologic disease at younger ages. Neurology ® 2012;79:
Testing the three‐pool white matter model adapted for use with T2 relaxometry (2005)

A three-pool model was used to improve white-matter T2 relaxometry in low signal-to-noise (SNR) data. To verify the model very high SNR T2 relaxometry experiments were performed on myelinated tissue samples and three-pool fractions were consistently found. Relaxation curves based on the in vitro results were simulated with multiple SNRs and fit using the three-pool model and three less constraining nonnegative least squares-based methods. All methods performed well with noiseless data. At lower SNR values the three-pool model was superior, primarily due to the fact that the other methods often could not unambiguously calculate pool fractions.
Doherty Goes Digital: Digitally Enhanced Doherty Power Amplifiers (2016)

Efficiency enhancement techniques for high-power amplification systems are now mature technologies, with Doherty power amplifiers (PAs) being widely used in field-deployed wireless base stations. A typical Doherty PA consists of two parallel amplifiers (a carrier amplifier, biased in class-AB, and a peaking amplifier, biased in class-C), an input analog splitter, and a nonisolated output power combiner. The operation of the Doherty PA is based on an active load modulation mechanism, which allows the carrier and peaking amplifiers to operate into optimal load-impedance trajectories that vary according to the amplitude of the input signal. This, in principle, results in increasing the average efficiency of the Doherty PA without compromising its linearity.
Sputter-deposited a-Si:H for p-i-n photodiodes (2013)

DC magnetron sputter deposition is explored as an alternative for fabricating vertically integrated sensor systems in the form of p-i-n diodes of hydrogenated amorphous silican deposited on CMOS in ...