gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Stability, High-Efficiency Organic Monoliths Made of Oligomer Nanoparticles Wrapped in Organic Matrix (2016)

Oligomer nanoparticles (OL NPs) have been considered unsuitable for solid-state lighting due to their low quantum yields and low temperature stability of their emission. Here, we address these problems by forming highly emissive and stable OL NPs solids to make them applicable in lighting. For this purpose, we incorporated OL NPs into sucrose matrix and then prepared their all-organic monoliths. We show that wrapping the OL NPs in sucrose significantly increases their quantum yield up to 44%, while the efficiency of their dispersion and direct solid-film remain only at ∼6%. We further showed ∼3-fold improved temperature stability of OL NP emission within these monoliths. Our experiments revealed that a physical passivation mechanism is responsible from these improvements. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we successfully employed these high-stability, high-efficiency monoliths as color converters on a blue LED chip. Considering the improved optical features, low cost, and simplicity of the presented methodology, we believe that this study holds great promise for a ubiquitous use of organic OL NPs in lighting and possibly in other photonic applications.
In Situ Study of the Polar ZnO(0001)−Zn Surface in Alkaline Electrolytes (2010)

We discuss how kinetic effects can be utilized to prepare polar ZnO(0001)−Zn surfaces as very well defined and single-crystalline surfaces by hydroxide stabilization of the polar face via a wet chemical etching process in 3N NaOH. An in situ AFM imaging study of the etching process is presented. In addition, measurement and analyses of grazing incidence X-ray diffraction experiments, reflectivity, and crystal truncation rods (CTRs) of the resulting ZnO(0001) surface structures in both dry and humid atmospheres are discussed. Analysis of the CTRs shows that these surfaces are topographically extremely flat, Zn-terminated, but covered with a defect-containing hydroxide/oxygen adlayer, which is adsorbed at hcp-hollow sites. This result is fully consistent with a stabilization of the polar surface by means of an adlayer of disordered hydroxides, which is adsorbed at hcp positions. Moreover, these studies indicate that the water structure at the solid/liquid interface is ordered within the first few layers, but no evidence for an “icelike” structure was found. Also, the pH-dependent stability of these hydroxide-stabilized ZnO(0001) surfaces within electrolyte solutions was investigated by means of an ex situ LEED approach. Hydroxides effectively stabilize the (0001) surface within a wide range of pH values between 11 and 4. In acidic solutions below pH 3.8, the formation of deep hexagonal etching pits is observed, whereas a crystalline structure with triangular reconstructions evolves between these etching pits. The origin of the hexagonal etching pits is discussed as a result of faster dissolution kinetics at dislocation sites.
Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications (2022)

Adhesion to material surfaces is crucial for almost all organisms regarding subsequent biological responses. Mammalian cell attachment to a surrounding biological matrix is essential for maintaining their survival and function concerning tissue formation. Conversely, the adhesion and presence of microbes interferes with important multicellular processes of tissue development. Therefore, tailoring bioselective, biologically active, and multifunctional materials for biomedical applications is a modern focus of biomaterial research. Engineering biomaterials that stimulate and interact with cell receptors to support binding and subsequent physiological responses of multicellular systems attracted much interest in the last years. Further to this, the increasing threat of multidrug resistance of pathogens against antibiotics to human health urgently requires new material concepts for preventing microbial infestation and biofilm formation. Thus, materials exhibiting microbial repellence or antimicrobial behaviour to reduce inflammation, while selectively enhancing regeneration in host tissues are of utmost interest. In this context, protein-based materials are interesting candidates due to their natural origin, biological activity, and structural properties. Silk materials, in particular those made of spider silk proteins and their recombinant counterparts, are characterized by extraordinary properties including excellent biocompatibility, slow biodegradation, low immunogenicity, and non-toxicity, making them ideally suited for tissue engineering and biomedical applications. Furthermore, recombinant production technologies allow for application-specific modification to develop adjustable, bioactive materials. The present review focusses on biological processes and surface interactions involved in the bioselective adhesion of mammalian cells and repellence of microbes on protein-based material surfaces. In addition, it highlights the importance of materials made of recombinant spider silk proteins, focussing on the progress regarding bioselectivity.
Determining effective dielectric thicknesses of metal-oxide-semiconductor structures in accumulation mode (1995)

Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics in the accumulation mode have been measured and simulated for polycrystalline Si gate MOS capacitors with various oxide thicknesses (40–200 Å) on p-type (100) Si substrates. The discrepancy between experimental data and theoretical prediction by classical MOS theories is clarified by taking quantization effects into account. The experimentally determined ‘‘effective dielectric thicknesses’’ in the semiconductors are found to be in good agreement with the values calculated from quantization effects for MOS capacitors with thinner oxides (&amp;lt;80 Å). The effective dielectric thicknesses at oxide electric fields of 2–6 MV/cm have been determined to be 2–3 Å larger for the quantum mechanical case than for the classical case.
SENSE optimization of a transceive surface coil array for MRI at 4 T (2006)

Parallel imaging (PI) techniques employ the use of multiple radiofrequency (RF) channels to transmit and/or receive the NMR signal. In the current study we use a finite difference time domain (FDTD) method to simulate the electromagnetic fields of a RF coil array operating in transmit-receive (transceive) mode and receive-only mode. Optimization of these configurations for PI is studied as well. Our results suggest that a coil array can effectively be used for transceive or receive-only PI techniques. For a head coil configuration, the sensitivity encoding (SENSE) optimized coil array gap size and PI acceleration factor for MRI are shown to be a function of the physiological-to-intrinsic-noise ratio (PhINR) with a much stronger dependence on acceleration factor than gap size. The results provide a means to optimize any PI sequence by varying the acceleration factor based on the measured PhINR. In addition, an example design for an eight-element transceive coil array for heads at 4 T is given.
Observation of high Q resonant modes in optically pumped GaN/InGaN microdisks fabricated using photoelectrochemical etching (2005)

III-nitride microdisks with InGaN multiple quantum well active regions were fabricated using photoelectrochemical etching. The microdisks were thin, mushroom-shaped devices with smooth undercut surfaces. High quality optical modes were observed. A focused ion beam was used to further polish the microdisk sidewalls, as well as to study the effect of ion damage to the gain region of the microdisk. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Data from Integrative Genomic Analysis of Aneuploidy in Uveal Melanoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Aneuploidy is a hallmark of cancer and is closely linked to metastasis and poor clinical outcome. Yet, the mechanisms leading to aneuploidy and its role in tumor progression remain poorly understood. The extensive and complex karyotypic abnormalities seen in many solid tumors could hinder the identification of pathogenetically relevant chromosomal alterations. Uveal melanoma is an attractive solid tumor for studying aneuploidy because it is a relatively homogeneous cancer that is highly metastatic and has low nonspecific chromosomal instability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Comparative genomic hybridization and gene expression profiling were used to analyze patterns of aneuploidy in 49 primary uveal melanomas. This analysis was supplemented by a review of cytogenetic findings in 336 published cases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Three prognostically significant tumor subgroups were identified based on the status of chromosomes 3 and 6p. Discrete patterns of chromosomal alterations accumulated in these three subgroups in a nonrandom temporal sequence. Poor clinical outcome was associated with early chromosomal alterations rather than overall aneuploidy. A gene expression signature associated with aneuploidy was enriched for genes involved in cell cycle regulation, centrosome function, and DNA damage repair. One of these genes was &lt;i&gt;PTEN&lt;/i&gt;, a tumor suppressor and genomic integrity guardian, which was down-regulated in association with increasing aneuploidy (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The relationship between aneuploidy and poor prognosis may be determined by specific, pathogenetically relevant chromosomal alterations, rather than overall aneuploidy. Such alterations can be identified using integrative genomic methods and may provide insights for novel therapeutic approaches.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Abstract 384: Evaluating Late Sodium Current in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes (2016)

Background: Inhibiting late sodium current (I NaL ) reduced drug-induced QTc prolongation in a recent clinical trial. Induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) have emerged as a valuable tool in preclinical assessment of multichannel blocking drugs’ potential to prolong QT and induce arrhythmias. However, sodium channels in commercially available iPSC-CMs are known to be under expressed, necessitating investigation into the presence and effects of I NaL in this electrophysiological model. Methods and Results: A platform combining simultaneous measurements of field potential and contraction (xCELLigence RTCA CardioECR, ACEA Biosciences) was used to assess the acute effects of three I NaL enhancing drugs, ATX-II, ibutilide, and alfuzosin, given alone or in combination with an I NaL blocker, lidocaine in iPSC-CMs (iCell Cardiomyocytes 2 , Cellular Dynamics). Additionally, dofetilide, diltiazem, and lidocaine alone were included as positive controls for hERG, L-type calcium, and sodium channel block. ATX-II, a potent and specific I NaL enhancer, caused significant dose dependent rate-corrected field potential duration (FPDc) prolongation, which was then subsequently reduced in a dose dependent manner by the addition of lidocaine. At 100 nM ATX-II prolonged the FPDc by 1153.8 ± 135.8 ms from 360.5 ± 16.4 ms at the baseline, which was then reduced to 537 ± 37.4 ms with the addition of 30 μM lidocaine. Ibutilide (0.1-1 μM), a class III antiarrhythmic, caused beating rate decreases and early after depolarizations (EADs) that were not affected by lidocaine addition. Alfuzosin, which increases both peak and late sodium currents, caused dose-dependent reduction of beating rate, FPDc prolongation, and EADs at 5 μM and 10 μM. Alfuzosin-induced EADs were mitigated by addition of lidocaine (5-15 μM). Conclusions: Late sodium current enhancers prolonged repolarization and induced arrhythmias in human iPSC-CMs. These effects were reversed by addition of lidocaine, a specific late sodium current blocker. These results are consistent with the late sodium current being present in iPSC-CMs in the presence of a late sodium current enhancer, which may have implications for drug safety testing.
A Practical Chemo-enzymatic Approach to Highly Enantio-Enriched 10-Ethyl-7,8-dihydro-γ-ionone Isomers: A Method for the Synthesis of 4,5-Didehydro-α-Ionone (2012)

An efficient and convenient strategy for the enantioselective synthesis of enantiomerically enriched 10-ethyl-7,8-dihydro-γ-ionone isomers (R)-(+)-7, and (S)-(-)-7 are described utilizing a lipase mediated resolution protocol, and reductive elimination of the secondary allylic alcohol as the key step. The enantioselective and diastereoselective lipase kinetic acetylation of 4-hydroxy-γ-ionone derivatives 6a afforded the 4-acetyl-γ-ionone derivatives (-)-8, and the 4-hydrox-γ-ionone derivatives (+)-6a, which are suitable precursors of the desired products. Stereospecific palladium-mediated elimination of allylic acetate provides the target compounds with an excellent enantiomeric excess and yield. Additionally, the novel 4,5-didehydro-α-ionone 13 is obtained from readily prepared (2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl) methanol 9. The structures of all newly synthesized compounds have been elucidated by (1)H, (13)C NMR, GC-MS, and IR spectrometry. These compounds represent a new class of odorants that may be of pivotal relevance in industrial perfumery.
Raman spectroscopy and breast cancer: looking beyond mammography for the early detection of breast cancer (2004)

This is a project to develop Raman spectroscopy techniques to diagnose breast cancer in human patients in real time during mammography, using a fiberoptic device delivered through a biopsy needle.
Upholding Success: Asian Americans, Egg Freezing, and the Fertility Paradox (2020)

Asian American women are turning to oocyte cryopreservation (egg freezing) at rates higher than would be expected, given that Asian Americans make up less than six percent of the total United States population. Based on ethnographic interviews with 23 women of East, Southeast, and South Asian ancestry, we examine the "fertility paradox" faced by highly educated Asian American professional women. Despite achieving multiple "pillars of success," these women have difficulty finding educated partners with whom to pursue childbearing. Egg freezing offers feelings of empowerment and relief from pressure for Asian American women, holding open the possibility of future biogenetic motherhood.
The validation of a generalized Hooke's law for coronary arteries (2007)

The exponential form of constitutive model is widely used in biomechanical studies of blood vessels. There are two main issues, however, with this model: 1) the curve fits of experimental data are not always satisfactory, and 2) the material parameters may be oversensitive. A new type of strain measure in a generalized Hooke's law for blood vessels was recently proposed by our group to address these issues. The new model has one nonlinear parameter and six linear parameters. In this study, the stress-strain equation is validated by fitting the model to experimental data of porcine coronary arteries. Material constants of left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery for the Hooke's law were computed with a separable nonlinear least-squares method with an excellent goodness of fit. A parameter sensitivity analysis shows that the stability of material constants is improved compared with the exponential model and a biphasic model. A boundary value problem was solved to demonstrate that the model prediction can match the measured arterial deformation under experimental loading conditions. The validated constitutive relation will serve as a basis for the solution of various boundary value problems of cardiovascular biomechanics.
Amplitude and phase measurements of femtosecond pulses shaped using spectral hole burning in free-base naphthalocyanine-doped films (2002)

Spatio-temporal holography using persistent spectral hole-burning in dye molecules embedded in plastic films is promising for applications such as femtosecond pulse shaping, data storage or phase conjugation. In addition to the common 2 spatial dimensions of classical holograms, each point in the sample plane can be used to store spectral informations such as the shape of a femtosecond pulse. On each point of the sample, spectral interferences between a reference pulse and an object pulse (for example chirped) are recorded via spectral hole-burning in the absorption band of the dye molecule. As early as 1983, photon echo and time-reversal experiments using persistent spectral hole-burning were performed in porphyrazine styrol solutions at 630 nm [1]. Then several developments, like the reconstruction of the polarization state of object pulses [2], time and space holography [3,4], image holograms using a single pair of femtosecond pulses [5] were demonstrated in different photosensitive media.
National Trends in the Performance of Robot-Assisted Sacral Colpopexy (2015)

While RASC utilization increased over the study period as a treatment option for vaginal prolapse, the majority of vaginal suspension procedures were still performed via non-RASC methods. RASC was associated with equivalent complications yet significantly higher costs.
Definition of an IS-IS Link Attribute Sub-TLV (2007)

This document defines a sub-TLV called Link-attributes carried
within the TLV 22 and used to flood some link characteristics.
[STANDARDS-TRACK]
A method for identifying repetition structure in musical audio based on time series prediction (2012)

This paper investigates techniques for determining the repetition structure of musical audio. In particular, we consider the problem of determining segment similarity from the perspective of time series prediction, where we seek to quantify similarity in terms of pairwise predictability between segments. To this end, we propose a novel approach based on multivariate time series modelling of audio features. Using chroma and MFCC features and based on the assumption that correct segment boundaries have been previously obtained, we evaluate the proposed approach against the Beatles dataset. We consider both Queen Mary and Tampere University versions of dataset annotations. We obtain a maximum pairwise F-score of 84%. Compared to a randomised baseline approach, this result corresponds to a performance improvement of 26 percentage points. 1.
A Combined QM/MM Method for the Determination of Regioselectivities in Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation (1998)

Hydroformylation regioselectivities of rhodium−phosphine ligand systems are calculated according to a perspicuous formula that connects the regioselectivity of one phosphine coordination mode to the relative energies of the corresponding transition states of olefin insertion. If only one coordination mode is preferredwhich may be fulfilled by bidentate chelating ligandsthe formula quantifies the experimentally observed regioselectivities. To determine the relative transition-state energies, a combined QM/MM method with frozen reaction centers was applied and is discussed in detail. Tendencies in regioselectivites of four systems with the bidentate chelating ligands DIPHOS 4, BISBI 5, NAPHOS 6, and the monodentate reference ligand triphenylphosphine (TPP) could be reproduced for the first time. As has been demonstrated previously, our method is also useful for the explanation of hydroformylation stereoselectivities.
Introduction : Villes, gouvernance et numérique (2019)

Spire est le dépôt institutionnel de la production scientifique de Sciences Po et contient le texte intégral des articles, ouvrages, chapitres d’ouvrages, working papers et communications dans des conférences de la communauté académique de Sciences Po.
Disparity estimation of misaligned images in a scanline optimization framework (2013)

Modern, state-of-the-art disparity estimation techniques are able to very accurately estimate the disparity for a wide variety of scene types. However all of these methods assume that the input images are epipolar rectified. When an image pair is not rectified, it must be pre-processed before any estimation can be done. In this paper we propose a disparity estimation scheme that is able to handle non-rectified images without requiring a rectification step. We show how a minor modification to an existing estimation framework can allow for any disparity estimation framework to produce disparity maps for non-rectified images.
Cover Feature: A “Power‐to‐X” Route to Acetic Acid via Palladium‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Methyl Formate (ChemSusChem 16/2022) (2022)

The Cover Feature shows an illustration of a Rubik's Cube symbolizing the molecular isomerization of methyl formate to acetic acid. The seemingly simple rearrangement occurs via a complex catalytic manifold comprising NaOMe for the decarbonylation of HCO2CH3, NaI for the activation of methanol, and a molecular Pd-complex for the recombination of the components. This isomerization of methyl formate, which in turn can be produced from CO2 and green H2, offers a a “Power-to-X” route to acetic acid. More information can be found in the Research Article by P. Jürling-Will et al.
Development a projection ion beam instrument that uses a gas ion source for metal-contamination-free microsampling (2016)

The authors have developed a metal-contamination-free ion beam instrument with a duoplasmatron that serves as a gas ion source and a projection ion beam optical system that generates a shaped gas ion beam. The luminance of the duoplasmatron ion source is low. However, a projection ion beam optical system can increase the ion current with sharp beam edge profiles enough for microsampling fabrication. A metal-contamination-free shaped gas beam can be used to achieve clean inline sampling and wafer return strategy. The irradiation system of the instrument has three electrostatic lenses, an E × B mass separator, and a mechanism for bending the ion beam to prevent neutral particles from irradiating the samples. The instrument also has a gas flow system for ion beam assisted deposition and a needle transport system for microsampling. Experiments using a prototype implementation demonstrated that microsampling can be achieved by using shaped gas ion beams.
Electroactive Aniline Oligomers of Well-Defined Structures and Their Polymeric Derivatives (1999)

A general strategy for the synthesis of aniline oligomers with controlled molecular weight, narrow or unit molecular weight distribution and designable end-groups has been developed based on the theory of non-classical or reactivation chain polymerization. A series of oligomers have been prepared by oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine or 1,4- phenylenediamine as initiator. The molecular weight of the oligomers is controlled by varying the amount of initiator. Generally, lower oligomers can serve as the initiators to build higher oligomers. The oligomers with minimum 4 nitrogen atoms and 3 phenylene rings exhibit similar characteristic redox behavior and electroactivity as polyaniline. Electronic conductivity of the oligomers of 7 or 8 aniline units approaches that of polyaniline. Solubility of the oligomers is much improved over that of conventional polyaniline. Various functional groups can be introduced to the oligomers either by proper selection of starting materials or by post-synthesis modifications via common organic reactions. The functionalized oligomers undergo further polymerizations to afford a variety of new electroactive materials, including polyamides, polyimides, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyacrylamides and epoxy polymers. There are numerous potential applications for the oligomers and their polymeric derivatives.