gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual Role of Gibberellin in Perennial Shoot Branching: Inhibition and Activation (2020)

Shoot branching from axillary buds (AXBs) is regulated by a network of inhibitory and promotive forces, which includes hormones. In perennials, the dwarfed stature of the embryonic shoot inside AXBs is indicative of gibberellin (GA) deficiency, suggesting that AXB activation and outgrowth require GA. Nonetheless, the role of GA in branching has remained obscure. We here carried out comprehensive GA transcript and metabolite analyses in hybrid aspen, a perennial branching model. The results indicate that GA has an inhibitory as well as promotive role in branching. The latter is executed in two phases. While the expression level of <i>GA2ox</i> is high in quiescent AXBs, decapitation rapidly downregulated it, implying increased GA signaling. In the second phase, <i>GA3ox2</i>-mediated <i>de novo</i> GA-biosynthesis is initiated between 12 and 24 h, prior to AXB elongation. Metabolite analyzes showed that GA<sub>1/4</sub> levels were typically high in proliferating apices and low in the developmentally inactive, quiescent AXBs, whereas the reverse was true for GA<sub>3/6</sub>. To investigate if AXBs are differently affected by GA<sub>3</sub>, GA<sub>4</sub>, and GR24, an analog of the branch-inhibitor hormone strigolactone, they were fed into AXBs of single-node cuttings. GA<sub>3</sub> and GA<sub>4</sub> had similar effects on GA and SL pathway genes, but crucially GA<sub>3</sub> induced AXB abscission whereas GA<sub>4</sub> promoted outgrowth. Both GA<sub>3</sub> and GA<sub>4</sub> strongly upregulated <i>GA2ox g</i>enes, which deactivate GA<sub>1/4</sub> but not GA<sub>3/6</sub>. Thus, the observed production of GA<sub>3/6</sub> in quiescent AXBs targets GA<sub>1/4</sub> for GA2ox-mediated deactivation. AXB quiescence can therefore be maintained by GA<sub>3/6</sub>, in combination with strigolactone. Our discovery of the distinct tasks of GA<sub>3</sub> and GA<sub>4</sub> in AXB activation might explain why the role of GA in branching has been difficult to decipher. Together, the results support a novel paradigm in which GA<sub>3/6</sub> maintains high levels of <i>GA2ox</i> expression and low levels of GA<sub>4</sub> in quiescent AXBs, whereas activation and outgrowth require increased GA<sub>1/4</sub> signaling through the rapid reduction of GA deactivation and subsequent GA biosynthesis.
Effect of Lipase in Biodegrading Polybutylene Succinate (2011)

In this present investigation the microorganism Pseudomonas flourescens and Bacillus subtilis capable of producing Lipase and degrading poly Butylene Succinate was isolated and screened using PBS enrichment medium and Tributyrin medium. Further the enzyme Lipase was isolated and purified using Ammonium Sulphate precipitation, DEAE cellulose and Sephadex column chromatography. The activity of the enzyme was found to be increasing at each step of purification. Optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme was recorded as 7 and 37°C. A weight loss of 30%, 35% and 50% was seen in case of PBS films when treated with lipase (Pseudomonas flourescens and Bacillus subtilis, commercial) which reflects their specificity towards their substrate. The extent of degradation of PBS was further confirmed by SEM analysis where different sized eruptions were seen in PBS films when inoculated with Lipase from different sources suggesting that Lipase has the specificity towards the substrate PBS in biodegradation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Synthesis of (+)‐ and (‐)‐Alkaloid 241D and C‐4 Epimers. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Network Traffic Prediction Using Least Mean Kurtosis (2006)

Recent studies of high quality, high resolution traffic measurements have revealed that network traffic appears to be statistically self similar. Contrary to the common belief, aggregating self-similar traffic streams can actually intensify rather than diminish burstiness. Thus, traffic prediction plays an important role in network management. In this paper, Least Mean Kurtosis (LMK), which uses the negated kurtosis of the error signal as the cost function, is proposed to predict the self similar traffic. Simulation results show that the prediction performance is improved greatly over the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm.
Studies in the Modified Scoliosis Research Society Outcomes Instrument in Adults: Validation, Reliability, and Discriminatory Capacity (2003)

Adult scoliosis has a significant and measurable impact on affected patients compared with controls. There is a poor correlation between radiographic parameters of outcome and patient self-assessment of health status. The SRS-22 is a reliable instrument in adults as demonstrated by a high degree of internal consistency and reproducibility. The SRS-22 is a valid instrument for use in adult deformity as demonstrated by the criterion validity assessment with the SF-36. The study supports the use of the SRS-22 in the adult spinal deformity population.
An approach to rapidly assess sepsis through multi-biomarker host response using machine learning algorithm (2021)

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition and understanding the disease pathophysiology through the use of host immune response biomarkers is critical for patient stratification. Lack of accurate sepsis endotyping impedes clinicians from making timely decisions alongside insufficiencies in appropriate sepsis management. This work aims to demonstrate the potential feasibility of a data-driven validation model for supporting clinical decisions to predict sepsis host-immune response. Herein, we used a machine learning approach to determine the predictive potential of identifying sepsis host immune response for patient stratification by combining multiple biomarker measurements from a single plasma sample. Results were obtained using the following cytokines and chemokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IP-10 and TRAIL where the test dataset was 70%. Supervised machine learning algorithm naïve Bayes and decision tree algorithm showed good accuracy of 96.64% and 94.64%. These promising findings indicate the proposed AI approach could be a valuable testing resource for promoting clinical decision making.
Acute effects of leptin require PI3K signaling in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons in mice (2008)

Normal food intake and body weight homeostasis require the direct action of leptin on hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. It has been proposed that leptin action requires PI3K activity. We therefore assessed the contribution of PI3K signaling to leptin's effects on POMC neurons and organismal energy balance. Leptin caused a rapid depolarization of POMC neurons and an increase in action potential frequency in patch-clamp recordings of hypothalamic slices. Pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K prevented this depolarization and increased POMC firing rate, indicating a PI3K-dependent mechanism of leptin action. Mice with genetically disrupted PI3K signaling in POMC cells failed to undergo POMC depolarization or increased firing frequency in response to leptin. Insulin's ability to hyperpolarize POMC neurons was also abolished in these mice. Moreover, targeted disruption of PI3K blunted the suppression of feeding elicited by central leptin administration. Despite these differences, mice with impaired PI3K signaling in POMC neurons exhibited normal long-term body weight regulation. Collectively, these results suggest that PI3K signaling in POMC neurons is essential for leptin-induced activation and insulin-induced inhibition of POMC cells and for the acute suppression of food intake elicited by leptin, but is not a major contributor to the regulation of long-term organismal energy homeostasis.
Neuromyeloenzephalopathie (NME) unter hochdosierter Muzolimin-Medikation bei niereninsuffizienten Patienten (1990)

We report on 7 patients suffering from chronic renal failure (2 females, 5 males; aged 35-75 (phi 53.5) years) who showed severe neuromyeloencephalopathy (NME) after high doses of a new Henle's loop diuretic, Muzolimine. The temporal and phenomenological development of these systems was strikingly parallel. The neurological deficit was revealed on neurophysiological, neuroradiological and in 2 cases on neuropathological tests (gross demyelinisation of the posterior column, mainly of the fasciculus gracilis, less in the lateral corticospinal tract and in some spinal roots). The critical drug dose for first neurological impairment was 52 g on average; at this point the patients had been treated for 78 days. The maximal daily dose was 1.440 mg. Dominant clinical features were pallhypaesthesia, ataxia, signs of peripheral neuropathy in combination with hyperreflexia and progressive para- to tetraspastic paresis. Constellation of symptoms, course of disease and findings of additional investigations, especially those of neuropathology, very much resemble Vitamin B12 deficiency and SMON-(Subacute Myelo Optic Neuropathy) syndrome. The rare entity of Muzolimine-NME is discussed in respect to other endogenous and exotoxic neuromyelopathies. We present the hypothesis of a toxic, partially dialysable metabolite of Muzolimine.
Impairment-Aware Optical Networking Using Cross-Layer Communication (2013)

We study strategies for relaxing physical layer constraints in flexible transparent optical transport networks through traffic engineering as well as through impairment-aware traffic management supported by cross-layer communication. We show that impairment-aware traffic management can effectively counteract inter-channel impairments on the physical layer and yield significant throughput gains. Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we find these throughput gains to be fairly independent of network topology and size. Based on analytical formulations for the performance gain resulting from impairment-aware networking we evaluate the dependence of the cost per bit on the applied traffic management method as well as on parameters such as the inter-channel impairment probability and the average network utilization.
Soft-Lithographic Patterning of Luminescent Carbon Nanodots Derived from Collagen Waste (2018)

Luminescent carbon dots (Cdots) synthesized using inexpensive precursors have inspired tremendous research interest because of their superior properties and applicability in various fields. In this work, we report a simple, economical, green route for the synthesis of multifunctional fluorescent Cdots prepared from a natural, low-cost source: collagen extracted from animal skin wastes. The as-synthesized metal-free Cdots were found to be in the size range of ∼1.2-9 nm, emitting bright blue photoluminescence with a calculated Cdot yield of ∼63%. Importantly, the soft-lithographic method used was inexpensive and yielded a variety of Cdot patterns with different geometrical structures and significant cellular biocompatibility. This novel approach to Cdot production highlights innovative ways of transforming industrial biowastes into advanced multifunctional materials which offer exciting potential for applications in nanophotonics and nanobiotechnology using a simple and scalable technique.
Pheromone-induced cell proliferation in the murine subventricular zone (2014)

Enhancement of adult neurogenesis in female mice was previously demonstrated through exposure to soiled bedding from males, although the identity of relevant chemosignals has remained unknown. The farnesenes and SBT (2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole) are male murine pheromones that dominant males secrete at higher levels. Previous studies have shown that they induce oestrus in female mice. We have recently shown that these pheromones strongly increase cell proliferation in the SVZ (subventricular zone) of adult female mice. In addition, we found that a female murine pheromone, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, facilitates similar changes in males. 2,5-dimethylpyrazine is a female pheromone that is secreted when females are housed in large groups and it was originally found to suppress oestrus in females. We found that it does not have suppressive effect on the cell proliferation in the SVZ of females. Similarly, male murine pheromones, SBT and the farnesenes, do not show a suppressive effect on the cell proliferation in the SVZ of males. Our results demonstrated that pheromonal communication between males and females has strong stimulatory effect on both the reproductive physiology and brain cell proliferation, but intrasex pheromonal exchanges do not reduce progenitor proliferation in these brain regions.
Molecular Genetic Evidence for Genetic Overlap between General Cognitive Ability and Risk for Schizophrenia: A Report from the Cognitive Genomics Consortium (COGENT) (2013)

It has long been recognized that generalized deficits in cognitive ability represent a core component of schizophrenia, evident prior to full illness onset and independent of medication. The possibility of genetic overlap between risk for schizophrenia and cognitive phenotypes has been suggested by the presence of cognitive deficits in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia; however, until recently, molecular genetic approaches to test this overlap have been lacking. Within the last few years, large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia have demonstrated that a substantial proportion of the heritability of the disorder is explained by a polygenic component consisting of many common SNPs of extremely small effect. Similar results have been reported in GWAS of general cognitive ability. The primary aim of the present study is to provide the first molecular genetic test of the classic endophenotype hypothesis, which states that alleles associated with reduced cognitive ability should also serve to increase risk for schizophrenia. We tested the endophenotype hypothesis by applying polygenic SNP scores derived from a large-scale cognitive GWAS meta-analysis (~5000 individuals from 9 non-clinical cohorts comprising the COGENT consortium) to four schizophrenia case-control cohorts. As predicted, cases had significantly lower cognitive polygenic scores compared to controls. In parallel, polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia were associated with lower general cognitive ability. Additionally, using our large cognitive meta-analytic dataset, we identified nominally significant cognitive associations for several SNPs that have previously been robustly associated with schizophrenia susceptibility. Results provide molecular confirmation of the genetic overlap between schizophrenia and general cognitive ability, and may provide additional insight into pathophysiology of the disorder.
Ion Channels from Linear and Branched Bola-Amphiphiles (2003)

The synthesis and characterization of the ion channel activity of three new bola-amphiphiles is described. These compounds are conceptually derived from a previously reported bis-cyclophane bola-amphiphile through opening of the cyclophanes to acyclic structures and were found to readily form ion channels in planar bilayer membranes as assessed by bilayer clamp single-channel analysis. All three compounds behaved very similarly: the dominant channels formed by all three are Ohmic with specific conductance of 10 +/- 1 pS (NaCl electrolyte) and 39 +/- 1 pS (CsCl electrolyte). Single-ion permeability ratios, determined from dissymmetric electrolyte experiments, showed the selectivity P(Cs(+)) > P(Na(+)) > P(Cl(-)). Less frequently, lower conductance channels were also observed to act independently of the dominant channels. The lifetimes of the dominant channels range from 70 to 280 ms for the three compounds with some very long-lived openings (20-40 s) observed for two of the three. The lower conductance states have shorter lifetimes. This study demonstrates that bis-macrocyclic compounds are not essential for channel formation by bola-amphiphiles, and opens a new class of channel-forming compounds for structure-activity optimization.
An effective biofungicide with novel modes of action (2002)

P. G. Marrone, Pestic. Outlook, 2002, 13, 193 DOI: 10.1039/B209431M
Registering Self-generated IPv6 Addresses in DNS using DHCPv6 (2014)

In networks that are centrally managed, self-generated addresses cause
some traceability issues due to their decentralized nature. One of the
most important issues in this regard is the inability to register such
addresses in DNS. This document defines a mechanism to register self-
generated and statically configured addresses in DNS through a DHCPv6
server.
Field induced Increase of Pitch in Planar Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (1997)

Abstract In cholesteric liquid crystals the application of an electric field parallel to the helix axis can change the wavelength of selective reflection. For decreasing pitch of the studied mixtures, the colour shift becomes more stable against the field‐induced transformation of the initial Grandjean structure into a confocal texture. In compounds with a low crossover frequency, a field induced increase of the pitch was observed at the switching between low and high frequency fields. The investigations allow new conclusions on the origin of the colour shift.
Anti-reflective structured surfaces on soda-lime windows for high power laser applications (2020)

There is a need for robust optical materials with very low reflectivity and high transmission in the visible and infrared wavelength regions for use with high energy lasers. High power continuous-wave (CW) and high pulse energy laser optical systems can suffer damage from untreated optics due to undesirable Fresnel reflections. Sub-wavelength antireflective structured surfaces (ARSS) have been shown to have a higher laser-induced damage threshold than traditional AR coatings, which are necessary for high energy (multi-kW) laser components. Previous optimization of the etching process for ARSS on fused silica, among other optical materials, has yielded controlled and repeatable parameters, resultant from formation of varying depth and density profiles by randomly removing material from the surface. The “grass-like” boundaries result in gradient-index functionalities for incident optical beams, which simultaneously reduces reflection and increases transmission of the substrate. In this study, we investigate resultant optical properties of B270 Superwhite substrates, whose surfaces are modified using reactive ion etching, in order to enhance broadband transmission and lower reflectivity, thus increasing their utility for visible and near-infrared wavelength regions. We report results for ARSS fabricated directly onto the surface of 1” diameter, B270 Superwhite optical windows. Initial trials yielded single-side random ARSS (rARSS) treated samples with transmission enhancement of up to 3% from 400-1800 nm, nearing that of rARSS enhancement of fused silica, with maximum enhancement 80% that of the theoretical value between 700-900 nm.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Structurally Diverse C-2-Substituted Thienopyrimidine-Based Inhibitors of the Human Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (2022)

Novel analogues of C-2-substituted thienopyrimidine-based bisphosphonates (C2-ThP-BPs) are described that are potent inhibitors of the human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (hGGPPS). Members of this class of compounds induce target-selective apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and exhibit antimyeloma activity <i>in vivo</i>. A key structural element of these inhibitors is a linker moiety that connects their (((2-phenylthieno[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)methylene)bisphosphonic acid core to various side chains. The structural diversity of this linker moiety, as well as the side chains attached to it, was investigated and found to significantly impact the toxicity of these compounds in MM cells. The most potent inhibitor identified was evaluated in mouse and rat for liver toxicity and systemic exposure, respectively, providing further optimism for the potential value of such compounds as human therapeutics.
Final report on measurement of surface fluxes of air pollutants (1981)

Research progress is reported on the design, construction, and delivery of appropriate air pollutant detectors. The pollutants studied included ozone, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur species.
Linkage disequilibrium and signatures of positive selection around LINE-1 retrotransposons in the human genome (2014)

Insertions of the human-specific subfamily of LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposon are highly polymorphic across individuals and can critically influence the human transcriptome. We hypothesized that L1 insertions could represent genetic variants determining important human phenotypic traits, and performed an integrated analysis of L1 elements and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several human populations. We found that a large fraction of L1s were in high linkage disequilibrium with their surrounding genomic regions and that they were well tagged by SNPs. However, L1 variants were only partially captured by SNPs on standard SNP arrays, so that their potential phenotypic impact would be frequently missed by SNP array-based genome-wide association studies. We next identified potential phenotypic effects of L1s by looking for signatures of natural selection linked to L1 insertions; significant extended haplotype homozygosity was detected around several L1 insertions. This finding suggests that some of these L1 insertions may have been the target of recent positive selection.
Characterization of Chitosan-Carboxymethyl Dextran Nanoparticles as a Drug Carrier and as a Stimulator of Mouse Splenocytes (2012)

The in vitro drug-release behavior of chitosan-carboxymethyl dextran nanoparticles (CDNP) containing cefmetazole, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or indocyanine green (ICG), and the in vitro effect of CDNP on mouse B16 melanoma cell proliferation and in vivo modulation effect of CDNP on serum cytokines and spleen lymphocytes in mice were evaluated in this study. Drug-loaded CDNP were prepared by embedding (for cefmetazole or 5-FU) and absorption (for ICG), and the particle size was increased with increased drug association efficiency (AE) and decreased surface amino group content. Prolonged release of cefmetazole (540 min) or 5-FU (360 min) from CDNP was observed when compared to that of nanoparticle-free cefmetazole (210 min) or 5-FU (50 min), and the release of cefmetazole or 5-FU from CDNP98 (CDNP made with 98% degree of deacetylation (DD) chitosan) was slower than from CDNP78 (CDNP made with 78% DD chitosan). High AE (72.0-98.6%), undetectable surface amino group content and dramatically increased particle size (1076.9-1506.0 nm) of ICG-loaded CDNP with undetectable release of ICG within 48 h revealed the good affinity between ICG and CDNP. Twenty-five to 100 μg/ml of CDNP elicited dose-dependent inhibitory effects on B16 tumor cell proliferation, and CDNP98 was more effective than CDNP78. CDNP78 regulated serum IL-17 level in up-regulating IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-23 and TGF-β within 3 h; on the other hand, CDNP98 significantly down-regulated TGF-β and had no induction effect on IL-23 within 24 h. In addition, reduced IL-17 was observed in CDNP at 24 h. CDNP98 was more effective than CDNP78 in stimulating mouse splenic T CD4(+), TCD8(+) and NK cell proliferation within 24 h, while CDNP78 was superior to CDNP98 in stimulating B CD19(+) cells. The ability of CDNP to be the drug carrier and to enhance both humoral and cell-mediated immune response in this study demonstrated its promising potential to be applied as biomedical material.