gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral spatial equalization for OFDM in time-varying frequency-selective multipath channels (2002)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) transmission over a time-variant frequency-selective multipath fading channel suffers from significant attenuation on faded frequency regions as well as inter-channel interference (ICI) due to the loss of subchannel orthogonality. To mitigate signal fading and ICI, we introduce a frequency-space domain equalization (FSDE) using an antenna array. Unlike conventional combining diversity or selection diversity, this scheme differs in that it attempts to prevent the occurrence of the frequency-selective fading and ICI rather than compensates for them. A FSDE on the received OFDM signal is performed by space-time Fourier transform (STFT) and frequency-domain equalization (FDE). While a time-domain Fourier transform in STFT demodulates OFDM signals, a space-domain Fourier transform attenuates the OFDM signals arriving at the antenna array through unwanted paths. This approach includes the blind estimation of the direction-of-arrival (DOA) for the multiple paths by employing the cyclostationarity of the OFDM signal. A FDE is applied to the output of the STFT to compensate for the effect of the remaining ICI. The effectiveness of FSDE is examined in terms of the resulting frequency-selective fading, ICI and SINR gain.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Discovery of a Novel ERK Inhibitor with Activity in Models of Acquired Resistance to BRAF and MEK Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends - PDF file 97K, This file contains figure legends for the supplementary figures&lt;/p&gt;
Iterative statistical approach to blind image deconvolution (2000)

Image deblurring has long been modeled as a deconvolution problem. In the literature, the point-spread function (PSF) is often assumed to be known exactly. However, in practical situations such as image acquisition in cameras, we may have incomplete knowledge of the PSF. This deblurring problem is referred to as blind deconvolution. We employ a statistical point of view of the data and use a modified maximum a posteriori approach to identify the most probable object and blur given the observed image. To facilitate computation we use an iterative method, which is an extension of the traditional expectation-maximization method, instead of direct optimization. We derive separate formulas for the updates of the estimates in each iteration to enhance the deconvolution results, which are based on the specific nature of our a priori knowledge available about the object and the blur.
Organophosphorus Catalysis to Bypass Phosphine Oxide Waste (2013)

The conversion of oxygen-containing compounds is often achieved by the use of phosphorus reagents. The newly formed phosphine oxide bond delivers the enthalpic gain that drives reactions, such as the Wittig, Mitsunobu, and Appel reaction, to completion. However, phosphine oxides are recognized as undesirable waste products and in the past decade several methods have emerged that address this issue by in situ regeneration of the phosphorus reagent. This Minireview outlines the two distinct strategies and underpinning research that led to these advances. The potential of the emerging field of phosphorus catalysis in chemistry is shown and new developments that may stimulate further research are described.
Discovery of Clinical Candidate CHF-6366: A Novel Super-soft Dual Pharmacology Muscarinic Antagonist and β2 Agonist (MABA) for the Inhaled Treatment of Respiratory Diseases (2022)

The development of molecules embedding two distinct pharmacophores acting as muscarinic antagonists and β<sub>2</sub> agonists (MABAs) promises to be an excellent opportunity to reduce formulation issues and boost efficacy through cross-talk and allosteric interactions. Herein, we report the results of our drug discovery campaign aimed at improving the therapeutic index of a previous MABA series by exploiting the super soft-drug concept. The incorporation of a metabolic liability, stable at the site of administration but undergoing rapid systemic metabolism, to generate poorly active and quickly eliminated fragments was pursued. Our SAR studies yielded MABA <b>29</b>, which demonstrated a balanced in vivo profile up to 24 h, high instability in plasma and the liver, as well as sustained exposure in the lung. In vitro safety and non-GLP toxicity studies supported the nomination of <b>29</b> (CHF-6366) as a clinical candidate, attesting to the successful development of a novel super-soft MABA compound.
Optics in virtual reality environments (1998)

Optics plays an important role in the establishment of virtual environments that provides accurate visualization of a conceive or enhanced visual world. The interface between the human visual system and the virtual environment is highly based on knowledge of optics, not only in the use of optical technology for visualization but also in specifying the software for visualization. Moreover, optical tracking technology is currently the state of the art technology for accurate and precise tracking. Finally, optical principles can also be applied to the design of enhanced illumination schemes for augmented reality applications.
Quaternary modulation formats for 100-Gbps optical links (2009)

The demand for 100 Gb/s optical links is rapidly spreading across all levels of the optical networking infrastructure. Many of the first deployments will be in the local area network (LAN) and metro-core and regional network environments. To address needs in LAN, the upcoming IEEE standard (IEEE P802.3ba) seeks 100 Gb/s over distances up to 40km. Furthermore metro-core/regional dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) architectures require reach of several hundred km and the ability to pass through ten or more ROADMs. However, a number of fundamental challenges remain including the selection of appropriate modulation formats that are robust to a variety of nonlinearities, are sufficiently spectrally efficient, and able to withstand the strong optical filtering of cascaded ROADMs. Here we compare a variety of single-carrier quaternary modulation formats, each providing 2 bits/symbol/polarization and each likely to provide some advantages at 100Gb/s. Each format is presented with an appropriate MZM-based transmitter, and constrained by practical signal fidelity limitations that also enable comparison to experimental results from our 100G testbed. We primarily examine direct detection for cost-sensitive metro networks; however we also quantify the performance of coherent receivers, where applicable. Simulation results demonstrate the relative OSNR penalty (at a pre-FEC BER of 10<sup>-3</sup>) for a range of launch powers and adjacent channel formats.
Inflammation and remodeling pathways and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with ischemic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (2022)

Patients with heart failure (HF) and coronary artery disease (CAD) have a high risk for cardiovascular (CV) events including HF hospitalization, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). The present study evaluated associations of proteomic biomarkers with CV outcome in patients with CAD and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), shortly after a worsening HF episode. We performed a case-control study within the COMMANDER HF international, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of the factor-Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban. Patients with the following first clinical events: HF hospitalization, SCD and the composite of MI or stroke were matched with corresponding controls for age, sex and study drug. Plasma concentrations of 276 proteins with known associations with CV and cardiometabolic mechanisms were analyzed. Results were corrected for multiple testing using false discovery rate (FDR). In 485 cases and 455 controls, 49 proteins were significantly associated with clinical events of which seven had an adjusted FDR < 0.001 (NT-proBNP, BNP, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 4 (TIMD4), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D (PSP-D) and Spondin-1 (SPON1)). No significant interactions were identified between the type of clinical event (MI/stroke, SCD or HFH) and specific biomarkers (all interaction FDR > 0.20). When adding the biomarkers significantly associated with the above outcome to a clinical model (including NT-proBNP), the C-index increase was 0.057 (0.033-0.082), p < 0.0001 and the net reclassification index was 54.9 (42.5 to 67.3), p < 0.0001. In patients with HFrEF and CAD following HF hospitalization, we found that NT-proBNP, BNP, TIMD4, FGF-23, GDF-15, PSP-D and SPON1, biomarkers broadly associated with inflammation and remodeling mechanistic pathways, were strong but indiscriminate predictors of a variety of individual CV events.
HAMAM – Novel Software Tools for Efficient Assessment of Multi-Modal Breast Imaging (2012)

Poster: ECR 2012 / C-2611 / HAMAM – Novel Software Tools for Efficient Assessment of Multi-Modal Breast Imaging by: Twellmann1, N. Karssemeijer2, F. Zohrer1, J. Hipwell3, C. Tanner4, J. Plath1, T. Bohler1, H. Huisman2, T. Mertzanidou3, R. Blanc4, M. T. Harz1, J. M. Lesniak4, J. Berg5, U. Bick6, K. Schilling7, D. J. Hawkes3, G. Szekely4, M. Hierath8, H. Hahn1; 1Bremen/DE, 2Nijmegen/NL, 3London/UK, 4Zuerich/CH, 5Dundee/UK, 6Berlin/DE, 7Boca Raton, FL/US, 8Vienna/AT
Type I Collagen–targeted Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: First-in-Human Studies (2019)

mortality trends.Data from the Office of National Statistics suggest that the number of deaths assigned to the respiratory chapter as a whole decreased by 22% as a result of the introduction of ICD-10 codes, largely driven by the decrease in number of deaths assigned to pneumonia (10).It is possible that this may have resulted in further underestimating the actual number of IPF-CS-related deaths.These findings are consistent with our work demonstrating a progressive increase in IPF mortality in the United Kingdom (1, 2, 11).Increased case ascertainment could be a contributing factor to the trends seen, but it is also possible that the true incidence of IPF has continued to increase.If the marked increase in number of deaths is purely due to increased disease recognition, there is no evidence that ascertainment is complete, and continued upward trends in mortality are likely to be seen.In summary, IPF-CS now accounts for almost 7% of all respiratory deaths in the United Kingdom (4) and carries the same mortality burden as liver, bladder, and intracranial malignancies.Despite increasing research investment, it remains an important cause of respiratory mortality and a growing public health problem.
Anticancer activity in murine and human tumor cell lines of bis(platinum) complexes incorporating straight-chain aliphatic diamine linker groups (1992)

The biological activity of a series of dinuclear bis(platinum) complexes of formula [(cis-PtX2-(NH3)]2(NH2(CH2)nNH2)] (X = Cl, n = 4-9, compounds 6-11; X2 = malonate, n = 5 or 6, compounds 12 and 13) is described in selected murine leukemia, murine solid tumor, and human tumor cell lines and in murine leukemia cell lines rendered resistant to cisplatin (cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]). The bis(platinum) compounds showed greater activity in vitro against murine tumor cell lines resistant to either cisplatin or DACH ([Pt(DACH)Cl2]). The resistance factor is dependent on chain length of the diamine, and the structural feature of a dinuclear complex is of general use in reducing cross-resistance with cisplatin. In vivo [(cis-PtCl2(NH3)]2(NH2(CH2)5NH2)] (7) showed a % T/C of 204 against murine L1210 leukemia resistant to cisplatin compared to a % T/C of 104 for cisplatin itself at optimal doses. The complex [(Pt(mal)(NH3)]2(NH2(CH2)6NH2)] (13) was highly active in the colon 26 tumor line with 3/10 tumor-free survivors (dose of 186 mg/kg, ip D1,5,9); however, 13 was subject to substantial cross-resistance in the cisplatin resistant L1210 leukemia (% T/C 139 versus % T/C of 223 in the sensitive line). In four selected human tumor lines in vitro, compounds 6-11 were uniformly more potent than cisplatin. In the corresponding xenografts, compound 7 showed greater activity in the HCT-8 (coloadenocarcinoma) and H23 (nonsmall cell lung), but diminished potency in AH125 and H520 (both nonsmall cell lung) lines in comparison to cisplatin. Retention of activity against cisplatin-resistant cell lines and a different spectrum of activity compared to cisplatin in some human tumor cell lines suggest that this class of complexes is mechanistically different from mononuclear complexes and worthy of further development toward clinical trials.
ChemInform Abstract: 1H‐1,2,4‐Triazole Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: N‐ Phenylpyridinylmethyl and N‐Pyridinylphenylmethyl Analogues of SC‐ 50560. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High‐Speed Uplink Packet Access (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Release 99 WCDMA Downlink Packet Data Capabilities HSUPA Concept HSUPA Impact on Radio Access Network Architecture HSUPA Feasibility Study Phase HSUPA Physical Layer Structure E-DCH and Related Control Channels HSUPA Physical Layer Operation Procedure HSUPA Terminal Capability HSUPA Performance Conclusions References
Microemulsions (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Liquid crystalline dihydroazulene photoswitches (2015)

This work presents the first study on how to employ the dihydroazulene (DHA)/vinylheptafulvene (VHF) photo/thermoswitch in photoactive liquid crystalline materials.
Operationally Simple, Efficient, and Diastereoselective Synthesis of cis-2,6-Disubstituted-4-Methylene Tetrahydropyrans Catalyzed by Triflic Acid (2006)

[reaction: see text] A highly efficient (0.01 mol % of TfOH), operationally simple (room temperature, inexpensive, and commercially available catalyst), and diastereoselective (up to >98% de) method for Brønsted acid-catalyzed reaction of enol ethers to form cis-2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyrans is disclosed.
Characterization and immunological identification of cDNA clones encoding two human DNA topoisomerase II isozymes. (1989)

Several DNA topoisomerase II (Topo II; EC 5.99.1.3) partial cDNA clones obtained from a human Raji-HN2 cDNA library were sequenced and two classes of nucleotide sequences were found. One member of the first class, SP1, was identical to an internal fragment of human HeLa cell Topo II cDNA described earlier. A member of the second class, SP11, shared extensive nucleotide (75%) and predicted peptide (92%) sequence similarities with the first two-thirds of HeLa Topo II. Each class of cDNAs hybridized to unique, nonoverlapping restriction enzyme fragments of genomic DNA from several human cell lines. Synthetic 24-mer oligonucleotide probes specific for each cDNA class hybridized to 6.5-kilobase mRNAs; furthermore, hybridization of probe specific for one class was not blocked by probe specific for the other. Antibodies raised against a synthetic SP1-encoded dodecapeptide specifically recognized the 170-kDa form of Topo II, while antibodies raised against the corresponding SP11-encoded dodecapeptide, or a second unique SP11-encoded tridecapeptide, selectively recognized the 180-kDa form of Topo II. These data provide genetic and immunochemical evidence for two Topo II isozymes.
Wild-type sTREM2 blocks Aβ aggregation and neurotoxicity, but the Alzheimer's R47H mutant increases Aβ aggregation (2021)

TREM2 is a pattern recognition receptor, expressed on microglia and myeloid cells, detecting lipids andAβ and inducing an innate immune response. Missense mutations (e.g., R47H) of TREM2 increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The soluble ectodomain of wild-type TREM2 (sTREM2) has been shown to protect against AD in vivo, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We show that Aβ oligomers bind to cellular TREM2, inducing shedding of the sTREM2 domain. Wild-type sTREM2 bound to Aβ oligomers (measured by single-molecule imaging, dot blots, and Bio-Layer Interferometry) inhibited Aβ oligomerization and disaggregated preformed Aβ oligomers and protofibrils (measured by transmission electron microscopy, dot blots, and size-exclusion chromatography). Wild-type sTREM2 also inhibited Aβ fibrillization (measured by imaging and thioflavin T fluorescence) and blocked Aβ-induced neurotoxicity (measured by permeabilization of artificial membranes and by loss of neurons in primary neuronal–glial cocultures). In contrast, the R47H AD-risk variant of sTREM2 is less able to bind and disaggregate oligomeric Aβ but rather promotes Aβ protofibril formation and neurotoxicity. Thus, in addition to inducing an immune response,wild-typeTREM2may protect against amyloid pathology by theAβ-induced release of sTREM2,which blocksAβ aggregation and neurotoxicity. In contrast, R47H sTREM2 promotes Aβ aggregation into protofibril that may be toxic to neurons. These findings may explain how wild-type sTREM2 apparently protects againstADin vivo andwhy a single copy of the R47H variant gene is associated with increased AD risk.
Fumitremorgin C reverses multidrug resistance in cells transfected with the breast cancer resistance protein. (2000)

Fumitremorgin C (FTC) is a potent and specific chemosensitizing agent in cell lines selected for resistance to mitoxantrone that do not overexpress P-glycoprotein or multidrug resistance protein. The gene encoding a novel transporter, the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), was recently found to be overexpressed in a mitoxantrone-selected human colon cell line, S1-M1-3.2, which was used to identify FTC. Because the drug-selected cell line may contain multiple alterations contributing to the multidrug resistance phenotype, we examined the effect of FTC on MCF-7 cells transfected with the BCRP gene. We report that FTC almost completely reverses resistance mediated by BCRP in vitro and is a pharmacological probe for the expression and molecular action of this transporter.
Building Chemical Property Models for Energetic Materials from Small Datasets Using a Transfer Learning Approach (2022)

For many experimentally measured chemical properties that cannot be directly computed from first-principles, the existing physics-based models do not extrapolate well to out-of-sample molecules, and experimental datasets themselves are too small for traditional machine learning (ML) approaches. To overcome these limitations, we apply a transfer learning approach, whereby we simultaneously train a multi-target regression model on a small number of molecules with experimentally measured values and a large number of molecules with related computed properties. We demonstrate this methodology on predicting the experimentally measured impact sensitivity of energetic crystals, finding that both characteristics of the computed dataset and model architecture are important to prediction accuracy of the small experimental dataset. Our directed-message passing neural network (D-MPNN) ML model using transfer learning outperforms direct-ML and physics-based models on a diverse test set, and the new methods described here are widely applicable to modeling many other structure-property relationships.
Generation and evaluation of hyperspectral 3D surface models based on a structured light system with hyperspectral snapshot mosaic sensors (2018)

Recently, a number of hyperspectral cameras with novel image sensors that are equipped with a monolithic pixel-by-pixel filter array have been introduced onto the market. In this contribution, we describe the design and implementation of a structured light 3D sensor consisting of two such snapshot mosaic sensors, each with 25 different spectral bands between 600 and 975 nm, and a broadband GOBO projector that images varying, aperiodic sinusoidal patterns into the measurement volume. We characterize the system with regard to accuracy, and we present measurements of different objects illustrating the benefits of hyperspectral 3D sensors.
Flight Force Measurement of Fruit Flies under Steady Airflow (2017)

We measured the flight force of fruit flies under the steady airflow. To measure the flight force, we used a MEMS triaxial force sensor. A fruit fly was glued to a sensor with UV curable resin. A wind tunnel was made to apply the steady airflow. The wind tunnel consisted of a flow straightening section, a contract section, a test section and fans. The size of the test section where the sensor was attached to was 50 mm × 50 mm × 150 mm. We measured the flight force at the velocity of airflow 0 m/s, 1.6 m/s and 2.2 m/s. Simultaneously, we took high-speed videos of the flapping of wings. The result suggested that the faster the airflow velocity was, the lower the force of flying forward was. The trajectory of wings also changed in accordance with the velocity of the airflow.