gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Development and Applications of a Dual-Band, 8x8 MIMO Testbed with Digital IF and DDFS (2007)

This paper describes the development of a very flexible multi-antenna testbed built on 5 PCBs. The FOM testbed (FOM, Flyable OFDM MIMO) was built with off-the-shelf components and can be configured with any number of antennas at the transmitter and receiver with a maximum of eight antennas on each side. The FOM testbed is dual-band with the two carrier frequencies at 2.44GHz and 5.245GHz and a bandwidth of 25MHz. It implements a digital IF scheme to mitigate I/Q mismatch and a DDFS for fast channel hopping. Such a flexible testbed becomes essential for evaluating various communication schemes for broadband applications. Theoretical studies and simulation can be validated on this testbed in a real-world environment with a real wireless channel and hardware impairments. A powerful GUI was developed for the operation of the FOM testbed. The architecture of the FOM testbed and the details of the circuits implemented on the individual PCBs are presented. The calibration process of the FOM testbed is discussed. Finally, possible applications such as MIMO transmissions or cognitive radio are discussed.
Practical Perfusion Quantification in Multispectral Endoscopic Video: Using the Minutes after ICG Administration to Assess Tissue Pathology. (2021)

The wide availability of near infrared light sources in interventional medical imaging stacks enables non-invasive quantification of perfusion by using fluorescent dyes, typically Indocyanine Green (ICG). Due to their often leaky and chaotic vasculatures, intravenously administered ICG perfuses through cancerous tissues differently. We investigate here how a few characteristic values derived from the time series of fluorescence can be used in simple machine learning algorithms to distinguish benign lesions from cancers. These features capture the initial uptake of ICG in the colon, its peak fluorescence, and its early wash-out. By using simple, explainable algorithms we demonstrate, in clinical cases, that sensitivity (specificity) rates of over 95% (95%) for cancer classification can be achieved.
Nucleophilic character of the alkyl radicals. 19. 1a Absolute rate constants in the homolytic alkylation of protonated heteroaromatic bases by n-butyl and tert-butyl radicals (1980)

The rate constants for the homolytic alkylation of protonated heteroaromatic bases (quinoline, pyridine, and 4-cyano-, 4-acetyl-, 4-methyl-, and 4-methoxypyridine) by n-butyl and tert-butyl radicals were measured at 57 Â°C by competition of the aromatic addition with the alkyl radical oxidation by Cu2+ salts (for which the rates are known). With the more activated substrates (quinoline and 4-cyano- and 4-acetylpyridine) the tert-butyl radical is significantly more reactive than the n-butyl radical, clearly showing that polar effects are more important than steric and enthalpic effects in determining the reaction rates. The reversibility of the alkylation by the tert-butyl radical is discussed. Â© 1980, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Effects of Lateral and Medial Wedged Insoles on Knee and Ankle Internal Joint Moments During Walking in Healthy Men (2016)

Neither lateral nor medial wedges were effective in altering internal knee joint loading during walking. However, the greater internal ankle inversion moment and angular impulse observed with lateral wedges could lead to a higher risk of ankle injury. Thus, caution should be taken when lateral wedges need to be prescribed.
Optical detection and characterization of graphene by broadband spectrophotometry (2008)

The spectra of optical constants, index of refraction (n), and extinction coefficient (k) of graphene and graphite are obtained in the wavelength range of 190–1000 nm (6.53–1.24 eV) using broadband optical spectrophotometry in conjunction with the Forouhi–Bloomer dispersion relations for n and k. Measurement is made possible by the use of a multilayer substrate consisting of bulk Si and a 3000 Å SiO2 film. The effect of multiple internal reflections between the Si/SiO2 and SiO2/graphene interfaces amplifies the attenuating effect of the graphene layer, thereby improving the sensitivity of the reflectance measurement by a factor of 27 in the deep ultraviolet region of the spectrum. Maximum sensitivity is observed in the deep ultraviolet region of the spectrum, where a strong peak in the spectrum of the extinction coefficient of graphene is identified. The proposed method enables fast nondestructive angstrom-level thickness measurements of graphene and graphite. In this work, layers ranging in thickness between 3.8 Å (graphene) and 792.8 Å are detected, measured, and characterized. Reflectance spectra of graphene and graphite on Ni, Co, and Fe substrates are calculated. Differences of 1.1%–2.0% between the bare substrate and the graphene on the substrate are predicted in the deep ultraviolet region of the spectrum, which makes graphene detectable and measurable on these substrates.
The Theory of Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction for PET (1987)

A review is made of selected recent publications on three-dimensional image reconstruction for PET. A new algorithm is proposed which is designed to fully utilize all emitted gamma rays which can be detected in a truncated spherical detector. By such full utilization of emitted rays the new algorithm should produce images of better statistical accuracy than could be produced by previously known algorithms.
The structural unit of melanin in the cell wall of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans (2019)

Melanins are synthesized macromolecules that are found in all biological kingdoms. These pigments have a myriad of roles that range from microbial virulence to key components of the innate immune response in invertebrates. Melanins also exhibit unique properties with potential applications in physics and material sciences, ranging from electrical batteries to novel therapeutics. In the fungi, melanins, such as eumelanins, are components of the cell wall that provide protection against biotic and abiotic elements. Elucidation of the smallest fungal cell wall-associated melanin unit that serves as a building block is critical to understand the architecture of these polymers, its interaction with surrounding components, and their functional versatility. In this study, we used isopycnic gradient sedimentation, NMR, EPR, high-resolution microscopy, and proteomics to analyze the melanin in the cell wall of the human pathogenic fungus <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> We observed that melanin is assembled into the cryptococcal cell wall in spherical structures ∼200 nm in diameter, termed melanin granules, which are in turn composed of nanospheres ∼30 nm in diameter, termed fungal melanosomes. We noted that melanin granules are closely associated with proteins that may play critical roles in the fungal melanogenesis and the supramolecular structure of this polymer. Using this structural information, we propose a model for <i>C. neoformans'</i> melanization that is similar to the process used in animal melanization and is consistent with the phylogenetic relatedness of the fungal and animal kingdoms.
Inherent resistance of human squamous carcinoma cell lines to methotrexate as a result of decreased polyglutamylation of this drug. (1989)

Three human squamous carcinoma cell lines (FaDu, A253, and SQCC/Y1) were tested for sensitivity to methotrexate (MTX) and trimetrexate, a second generation folate antagonist in clinical trials. Two of the three cell lines (A253 and SQCC/Y1) showed inherent resistance to methotrexate, when cytotoxicity was evaluated after short term exposure (4 and 24 h). In contrast, all three cell lines were markedly sensitive to trimetrexate, an antifolate which is taken up by cells by a different transport system than is methotrexate and which is not polyglutamylated. The basis for the natural resistance to methotrexate shown by two of the three cell lines was examined. Levels of dihydrofolate reductase activity, inhibition of this enzyme by methotrexate, and influx of MTX did not differ significantly between the three cell lines; however, resistance was correlated to the amounts of polyglutamates of methotrexate synthesized by the three cell lines. After a 24-h incubation with 10 microM MTX, the A253 cell line was able to form only 35.0 pmol/10(7) cells of polyglutamates, compared to 250 pmol/10(7) cells synthesized by the FaDu cell line, while the SQCC/Y1 cell line, intermediate in sensitivity to methotrexate, was able to form 145 pmol/10(7) cells of MTX polyglutamates. The A253 cell line contained less folylpolyglutamate synthetase activity compared to the FaDu and SQCC/Y1 cell lines. However, it is not clear if this difference is sufficient to explain the marked differences in polyglutamates of methotrexate found between the cell lines. We conclude that decreased polyglutamylation of methotrexate in some human squamous cell carcinomas may be the major contributing factor in inherent resistance to high dose pulse administration of this drug.
The Isoforms of Human Neutrophil Elastase and Cathepsin G Differ in their Carbohydrate Side Chain Structures (1993)

The two proteinases found in human neutrophil granules, elastase and cathepsin G, each are normally isolated as a mixture of isoforms differing only in carbohydrate content. Elastase has two N-glycosylation sites occupied (Asn-45 and Asn-144), whereas cathepsin G has only one (Asn-64). Analysis of a minor form of elastase (E-1) and cathepsin G (C-1) indicates that the carbohydrate structures at each glycosylation site are complex-type bi-antennary chains usually associated with secretory glycoproteins. In contrast, the isoforms E-3 and C-3, the major forms of elastase and cathepsin G respectively, contain exclusively truncated, oligomannose-type chains at the same positions in the sequence of each protein. These data suggest the possibility that certain elastase and cathepsin G isoforms (E-1 and C-1) might be destined for secretory, others (E-3 and C-3) for lysosomal functions.
6TiSCH: deterministic IP-enabled industrial internet (of things) (2014)

Industrial and IP-enabled low-power wireless networking technologies are converging, resulting in the Industrial Internet of Things. On the one hand, low-power wireless solutions are available today that answer the strict reliability and power consumption requirements of industrial applications. These solutions are based on Time- Synchronized Channel Hopping, a medium access control technique at the heart of industrial standards such as the WirelessHART and ISA100.11a, and layer 1 and 2 standards such as IEEE802.15.4e. On the other hand, a range of standards have been published to allow low-power wireless devices to communicate using the Internet Protocol (IP), thereby becoming true “fingers of the Internet,” and greatly simplifying their integration into existing networks. This article acknowledges the standardization effort to combine those capabilities. The networks resulting from this convergence exhibit reliability and power consumption performances compatible with demanding industrial applications, while being easy to integrate, and following the end-to-end paradigm of today's Internet. In particular, this article presents the work being done in 6TiSCH, a newly-formed working group in the Internet Engineering Task Force, which is standardizing the mechanisms making the Industrial Internet of Things a reality.
Music analysis and retrieval systems for audio signals (2004)

Abstract The constantly increasing amount of audio available in digital form necessitates the development of software systems for analyzing and retrieving digital audio. In this work, we describe our efforts in developing such systems. More specifically, we describe the design philosophy behind our approach, the specific problems we try to solve, and how we evaluate the performance of our algorithms. Automatic music analysis and retrieval of non‐speech digital audio is a relatively new field, and the existing techniques are far from perfect. To improve the performance of the developed techniques, two main techniques are used: (1) integration of information from multiple analysis and retrieval algorithms and (2) the use of graphical user interfaces that enable the user to provide feedback to the design, development, and evaluation of the algorithms. All the developed algorithms and user interfaces are integrated under MARSYAS, a software framework for research in computer audition.
Infusion of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin promotes muscle catabolism in the rat. A synergistic effect with interleukin 1. (1989)

To improve our understanding of the metabolic role of cytokines in protein wasting, we estimated the rates of protein synthesis and degradation in muscle and liver tissues in intact rats treated with several doses of recombinant IL 1 and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/cachectin. Protein breakdown in muscle and liver were derived in vivo from the relationship between [14C]leucine distribution and tissue dilution in reference to circulating leucine. Synthesis was derived from the relationship between [14C]leucine appearance in the protein-bound and free-tissue leucine pools. To specifically relate changes in leucine tracer metabolism to protein dynamics, we separately measured the effect of these cytokines on blood flow to different tissues. The increase in dilution of the tissue-free [14C]leucine by TNF and TNF/IL 1 mixture, but not by IL 1 alone, could not be explained by a hemodynamic effect of these cytokines. Rather, this finding indicated that muscle proteolysis is enhanced by TNF and synergistically augmented by the addition of IL 1. Compatible with these data was the finding that more prolonged infusions of recombinant TNF/cachectin and the combination with IL 1 increased urinary nitrogen excretion. Changes in [14C]leucine dilution in the liver were less pronounced than those in skeletal muscle and consistent with net anabolic effect of TNF on liver protein. We conclude that rats exposed systemically to sublethal doses of TNF respond with increasing muscle and decreasing liver proteolysis, similar to that observed in inflammation and in cancer.
CT-based Diagnosis of Diffuse Coronary Artery Disease on the Basis of Scaling Power Laws (2013)

The retrospective scaling analysis provides a quantitative rationale for diagnosis of diffuse CAD.
Study of Si deposition in a batch-type LPCVD-system for industrial thin-film crystalline Si solar cells (2002)

We study Si deposition in a low pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) system as a possible technique for the industrial production of thin-film Si solar cells. More specifically, a cost goal below 40$/m/sup 2/ for the Si-deposition was aimed at. The system consists of a lamp-heated quartz tube connected to a pump system at one end and closed with a quartz door at the other (the thermal insulation between door and reaction volume is realised by a vacuum-pumped quartz bell jar). Si layers can be grown on 20 wafers simultaneously, using a system which allows removal of the unwanted Si-deposition on the reactor walls by using a quartz insert which can be easily removed from the system. Two deposition processes have been investigated, with dichlorosilane in the range of 900-1050/spl deg/C and with silane between 750 and 900/spl deg/C. A growth rate of 0.2-0.3 /spl mu/m/min has been achieved with a small H/sub 2/-consumption/wafer. High quality epitaxial layers have been obtained, a fact illustrated by solar cells produced in layers grown on p/sup +/ monocrystalline Si substrates. Homogeneous layers have also been deposited on ceramic substrates. In spite of the small grain size, the first solar cells processed in these layers show low leakage currents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isoxazoles by Hypervalent Iodine‐Induced Cycloaddition of Nitrile Oxides to Alkynes. (2011)

Abstract Cycloaddition of nitrile oxides, generated in situ from corresponding aldoximes (I) with a range of substituted alkynes (II) affords regioselectively 3,5‐disubstituted isoxazoles (III).
Data from A Preclinical Trial and Molecularly Annotated Patient Cohort Identify Predictive Biomarkers in Homologous Recombination–deficient Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) arising in patients with a germline &lt;i&gt;BRCA1&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;BRCA2&lt;/i&gt; (g&lt;i&gt;BRCA&lt;/i&gt;) mutation may be sensitive to platinum and PARP inhibitors (PARPi). However, treatment stratification based on g&lt;i&gt;BRCA&lt;/i&gt; mutational status alone is associated with heterogeneous responses.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;We performed a seven-arm preclinical trial consisting of 471 mice, representing 12 unique PDAC patient-derived xenografts, of which nine were g&lt;i&gt;BRCA&lt;/i&gt; mutated. From 179 patients whose PDAC was whole-genome and transcriptome sequenced, we identified 21 cases with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), and investigated prognostic biomarkers.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;We found that biallelic inactivation of &lt;i&gt;BRCA1&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;BRCA2&lt;/i&gt; is associated with genomic hallmarks of HRD and required for cisplatin and talazoparib (PARPi) sensitivity. However, HRD genomic hallmarks persisted in xenografts despite the emergence of therapy resistance, indicating the presence of a genomic scar. We identified tumor polyploidy and a low Ki67 index as predictors of poor cisplatin and talazoparib response. In patients with HRD PDAC, tumor polyploidy and a basal-like transcriptomic subtype were independent predictors of shorter survival. To facilitate clinical assignment of transcriptomic subtype, we developed a novel pragmatic two-marker assay (GATA6:KRT17).&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;In summary, we propose a predictive and prognostic model of g&lt;i&gt;BRCA&lt;/i&gt;-mutated PDAC on the basis of HRD genomic hallmarks, Ki67 index, tumor ploidy, and transcriptomic subtype.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Figure Legend from UGT2B17 Expedites Progression of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancers by Promoting Ligand-Independent AR Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legend&lt;/p&gt;
Assessment of a 3050/3200 nm fiber laser system for ablative fractional laser treatments in dermatology (2022)

The DFG system is a small footprint device that offers a flexible fiber delivery system for ablative fractional laser treatments, thereby overcoming the requirement of an articulated arm in current commercially available ablative lasers. The depth and width of the ablated microcolumns and the extent of surrounding coagulation can be controlled; this concept can be used to design new treatment procedures for specific indications. Clinical improvements and safety are not the subject of this study and need to be explored with in vivo clinical studies.
The Effects of Port Fuel Injection Timing and Targeting on Fuel Preparation Relative to a Pre-Vaporized System (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The effects of port fuel injection (PFI) timing and targeting on air/fuel (A/F) control, exhaust emissions, and combustion stability at retarded spark timing were investigated on a 2.0L I-4 engine with production injectors (300-350 micron SMD droplet spray). Timings were fully closed valve injection (CVI) or fully open valve injection (OVI), and selected targetings were towards the valve or port floor. An “ideal” pre-vaporized, pre-mixed fuel system was also tested to provide a baseline with which to isolate PFI fuel preparation effects. The key findings were:&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt; &lt;ul class="list disc"&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Transient A/F excursions with PFI were minimized over the full temperature range with OVI timing and valve targeting. The X-tau modeled film mass for OVI/valve target was 50% less than CVI/valve target and 30% less than OVI/port target with a cold engine (20° C). When fully warm (90° C), the A/F response of CVI/valve target improved to near that of OVI.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Hydrocarbon emissions and mixture homogeneity with PFI were best using CVI timing over OVI timing. With CVI timing, the injector targeting had no effect on either hydrocarbons or mixture homogeneity. Hydrocarbon emissions for closed valve PFI were identical to the vapor system at fully warm and light load conditions, but increased to 35% higher than vapor at low temperature and high load. The COV of A/F within the mixture with closed valve PFI was consistently 40-50% poorer than vapor, regardless of temperature or load.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Combustion stability under retarded spark was best for PFI when using CVI timing, due to the much poorer fuel preparation resulting from OVI timing. With CVI timing, valve targeting improved stability slightly over port targeting, although the difference was close to test variation. Closed valve PFI stability was lower than vapor and degraded more dramatically with increased spark retard. At an engine roughness of 0.2 SDGMEP, closed valve PFI produced 25% more hydrocarbons and limited exhaust temperature by 40° C relative to the vapor baseline.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
In Vitro Hypoxia Responsiveness of [18F]FDG and [18F]FAZA Retention: Influence of Shaking Versus Stagnant Conditions, Glass Versus Polystyrene Substrata and Cell Number Down-Scaling (2020)

Abstract Background. In vitro experiments using radiolabeled molecules is fundamental for Positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) tracer development and various metabolic assays, but no consensus on appropriate incubation conditions exists. Specifically, the use of shaking versus non-shaking conditions, cell number to medium volume and the choice of cell plating material may unintentionally influence cellular oxygenation and medium composition. This is problematic when testing the oxygen-dependence of tracers including 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([ 18 F]FDG) and hypoxia-selective 2-nitroimidazoles (e.g., 18 F-fluoroazomycin-arabinoside, [ 18 F]FAZA) or when doing prolonged experiments. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of various experimental conditions on tracer retention. Methods. Tumor cells were seeded in a) Glass or standard Polystyrene Petri dishes or as b) discrete droplets in polystyrene Petri dishes or on 9 mm glass coverslips positioned in glass Petri dishes. When confluent, cells were pre-equilibrated for 2h to 21%, 0.5% or 0% O 2 and [ 18 F]FDG or [ 18 F]FAZA was added, followed by cell harvest and analysis of radioactivity 1h ([ 18 F]FDG) or 3h ([ 18 F]FAZA) after. Experiments were conducted with/without orbital shaking. Results. The influence of hypoxia on tracer retention varied widely among cell lines, but shaking-induced convection did not influence uptake. In contrast, hypoxia-driven [ 18 F]FAZA, and to some extent [ 18 F]FDG, retention was much lower in cells grown on polyethylene than glass. Scaling-down the number of cells did not compromise accuracy. Conclusions. Tracer retention was similar under stagnant and forced convection conditions suggesting that the former approach may be appropriate even when accurate control of oxygen and tracer availability is required. In contrast, conventional plasticware should be used with caution when studying tracers and drugs that are metabolized and retained or activated at low O 2 levels. Downscaling of cell number, by reducing the effective growth area, was feasible, without compromising accuracy.