gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of test accuracy for the diagnosis of suspected pulmonary embolism (2020)

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common, potentially life-threatening yet treatable condition. Prompt diagnosis and expeditious therapeutic intervention is of paramount importance for optimal patient management. Our objective was to systematically review the accuracy of D-dimer assay, compression ultrasonography (CUS), computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), and ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scanning for the diagnosis of suspected first and recurrent PE. We searched Cochrane Central, MEDLINE, and EMBASE for eligible studies, reference lists of relevant reviews, registered trials, and relevant conference proceedings. 2 investigators screened and abstracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 and certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. We pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity. The review included 61 studies. The pooled estimates for D-dimer sensitivity and specificity were 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-0.98) and 0.41 (95% CI, 0.36-0.46) respectively, whereas CTPA sensitivity and specificity were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89-0.97) and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97-0.99), respectively, and CUS sensitivity and specificity were 0.49 (95% CI, 0.31-0.66) and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95-0.98), respectively. Three variations of pooled estimates for sensitivity and specificity of V/Q scan were carried out, based on interpretation of test results. D-dimer had the highest sensitivity when compared with imaging. CTPA and V/Q scans (high probability scan as a positive and low/non-diagnostic/normal scan as negative) both had the highest specificity. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO as CRD42018084669.
Quasi-Continuous Elution Chromatographic Purification of a Steroid Active Compound (2006)

In our present paper the elaborated quasi-continuous elution chromatographic separation is shown using the following instrument set up and experimental conditions: a KNAUER CSEP 9116 laboratory-scale SMB unit with five KNAUER K-501 HPLC pumps and eight columns (column dimension: 250X16 mm I.D.). The columns were packed in our laboratory by dry-packing method using vibration, the applied packing material was UETIKON C-490 15-35 μm Si gel. The appropriate eluent was methylene chloride/ethyl acetate mixture and as back-flushing solvent, pure ethyl acetate was used. After the elaboration of quasi-continuous elution chromatographic purification, the intensification of the process was carried out. The specific capacity parameters of the best quasi-continuous experiments were compared with the performance parameters of the current batch pilot-scale separation of the compound.
Limited detection of human polyomaviruses in Fanconi anemia related squamous cell carcinoma (2018)

Fanconi anemia is a rare genome instability disorder with extreme susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and anogenital tract. In patients with this inherited disorder, the risk of head and neck cancer is 800-fold higher than in the general population, a finding which might suggest a viral etiology. Here, we analyzed the possible contribution of human polyomaviruses to FA-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by a pan-polyomavirus immunohistochemistry test which detects the T antigens of all known human polyomaviruses. We observed weak reactivity in 17% of the HNSCC samples suggesting that based on classical criteria, human polyomaviruses are not causally related to squamous cell carcinomas analyzed in this study.
Intranephron Distribution of Purine-Metabolizing Enzymes in Rats (1989)

The activities of purine-metabolizing enzymes, 5'-nucleotidase, adenosine deaminase, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase in microdissected rat nephron segments were measured. The specific activity of 5'-nucleotidase was highest in the proximal tubules and the cortical collecting duct, but low in the glomerulus. In contrast, the highest activity of adenosine deaminase was found in the glomerulus. The distribution pattern of purine nucleoside phosphorylase was similar to that of adenosine deaminase. These results suggest that various nephron segments can form adenosine and that the glomerulus exhibits highest capacities to metabolize this nucleoside.
An in situ XAS study of high surface-area IrO2 produced by the polymeric precursor synthesis (2020)

Iridium oxide powders with a surface area of more than 1 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> (4 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-2</sup> from the H-UPD charge) and iridium-oxide crystallites less than 10 nm across were synthesized by heat treating gels formed from citric acid, ethylene glycol and dihydrogen hexachloroiridate(iv) in air. The characteristics of the resulting material was found to be strongly dependent on the heat-treatment step in the synthesis. A single heat-treatment of the gel resulted in a material with a substantial fraction of elemental iridium metal, i.e. iridium in oxidation state zero (Ir<sup>0</sup>). Post-synthesis modification of the powder by potential cycling resulted in oxidation peaks consistent with the conversion of the metal phase to iridium oxide. Linear combination of the near-edge part of the X-ray absorption data (X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy, XANES) collected in situ during potential cycling and an analysis of the extended X-ray fine-structure (EXAFS) part of the spectrum showed that the overall metal fraction was not significantly affected by the cycling. The oxidation of the metal phase is therefore limited to a thin layer of oxide at the metal surface, and a significant part of the iridium is left inactive. A modification of the heat treatment procedure of the sample resulted in iridium oxide containing only insignificant amounts of elemental iridium metal.
Irvine-Gass Macular Edema Responding to the Combination of Oral Mineralocorticoid-Receptor Antagonist With Dexamethasone Drops (2017)

Long-lasting postoperative macular edema is a therapeutic challenge. The authors report an efficient combination therapy of oral mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (eplerenone [Inspra; Pfizer, New York City, NY] or spironolactone, 25 mg/day to 50 mg/day) and topical dexamethasone (four times/day and progressive dose tapering) in three refractory cases following complex cataract or retinal detachment surgery. In Case 1, central macular thickness (CMT) decreased from 523 μm to 214 μm and visual acuity (VA) improved from 20/200 to 20/50 during a 6-month period. In Cases 2 and 3, CMT improved from 505 μm to 333 μm and from 438 μm to 316 μm during 5- and 3-month periods, respectively; however, VA remained unchanged (20/100 and 20/200) due to photoreceptor damage. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48:936-942.].
Performance analysis of GNSS units in manned helicopter operations (2018)

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers make use of the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS), Russia's Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), Europe's Galileo, China's Beidou, and Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System constellations to determine the geolocation of the receiver based on the location of satellites and measurements of the distance and travel time of the GNSS signals. GNSS signals are dependent on line of sight to satellites with reflections or obstructions resulting in errors in the estimated position [1]. GNSS systems, while having their origin in military applications [2], have been adopted for many civilian uses from recreational navigation [3] to automated vehicle location systems [4]. While the GPS Standard Positioning Service without any correction sources establishes a 30 m range error limit for civilian use, GPS receivers typically perform better than this standard with errors primarily from atmospheric interference [5]. This is further improved in mobile devices by assisted GPS, WiFi, and cellular positioning when available [6].
Aberration Structure of Normal, Keratoconic, and Cataractous Eyes (2007)

Recently aberrometry of the eye is a popular topic in the ophthalmology and optometry fields. The most popular method of the aberrometry is the Shack-Hartmann method which successfully measures various pathological eyes in the clinic. By combining it with the corneal topography, we found interesting aberration structures in keratoconic and cataractous eyes. We analyzed those eye using principal component analysis.
Hepatitis G Viral RNA in Serum and in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Its Relation to HCV-RNA in Patients with Clotting Disorders (1997)

The hepatitis G virus (HGV) has recently been identified as a new member of the Flaviviridae family. Infection by this virus is thought to be associated with blood borne hepatitis. In this study, the presence of HCV- and HGV-RNAs in serum or plasma (175 patients) and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (133 patients) was investigated in patients with clotting disorders using a sensitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HGV-RNA was detected in serum of 26 patients (14.8%). In apparently healthy blood donors, serum HGV-RNA was detected in 4 of 358 individuals investigated (1.12%). Ninety two percent of the 26 serum HGV-RNA positive patients had coinfection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), especially with HCV genotype 1b, the most common genotype in Belgium. Of these coinfected patients, 15 (62.5%) showed elevated serum ALT levels. Two patients who were solely infected with HGV had normal serum ALT.HGV-RNA in PBMC was found in 18 patients, of whom 3 were negative for serum HGV-RNA. As in case of HCV, HGV-RNA in PBMC is preferentially sensitive to interferon treatment. Nevertheless, rapid reappearance of HGV-RNA in PBMC was observed after cessation of treatment. In one patient, persistent serum ALT elevation seems to be associated with continued HGV viremia, despite the disappearance of serum HCV-RNA.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Introducing genetically encoded aldehydes into proteins. (2007)

Methods for introducing bioorthogonal functionalities into proteins have become central to protein engineering efforts. Here we describe a method for the site-specific introduction of aldehyde groups into recombinant proteins using the 6-amino-acid consensus sequence recognized by the formylglycine-generating enzyme. This genetically encoded 'aldehyde tag' is no larger than a His(6) tag and can be exploited for numerous protein labeling applications. PMID: 17450134 Funding information This work was supported by: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: GM59907
ChemInform Abstract: AQUEOUS TUNGSTEN(VI) ALKYL CHEMISTRY (1984)

Abstract Die Hydrolyse des W(VI)‐neopentylidin‐Komplexes (I) mit einem großen Überschuß von Wasser liefert die IR‐, 1 H‐ und 13 C‐ NMR‐ sowie massenspektroskopisch charakterisierte Verbindung (II), die vermutlich eine lineare O=W‐O‐W=O‐Einheit mit einer trigonalen Anordnung der Neopentylliganden besitzt.
Microwave ablation of lung tumors: A probabilistic approach for simulation‐based treatment planning (2021)

An approach for simulation-based treatment planning for microwave ablation of lung tumors is illustrated to account for the impact of specific geometry of the treatment site, tissue property uncertainty, and heterogeneity between the tumor and normal lung.
The effect of radiation on prostatic growth. (1976)

Radiation is increasingly important in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. The effect and mechanism of action of radiation on prostatic growth was studied using the ventral prostate of the testosterone-treated rat. Prostatic radiation blocked testosterone-stimulated prostatic growth. Electron microscopy showed this inhibition to be associated with specific morphologic alterations. While radiation caused profound inhibition of prostatic DNA synthesis, only modest effects on nuclear uptake of dihydrotestosterone and on prostatic 5alpha-reductase were observed. Based on these animal studies, it is concluded that a major mechanism whereby radiation blocks testosterone-stimulated prostatic growth operates through inhibition of DNA synthesis.
Biosynthetic Human Insulin and Proinsulin Have Additive but Not Synergistic Effects on Total Body Glucose Disposal* (1984)

Recent studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that human biosynthetic proinsulin has a much slower MCR than insulin as well as a greater effect on hepatic than on peripheral tissues. Since both of these features make proinsulin potentially useful as an adjunct to insulin, the present study was undertaken to characterize the biological effects of combined infusions of insulin and proinsulin. As an initial study, multiple euglycemic clamp studies were performed in six normal subjects to construct dose-response curves for insulin- and proinsulin-mediated glucose disposal. Insulin infusion rates of 0.63, 1.67, 5, and 10 micrograms/M2 X min were compared to proinsulin infusion rates of 2.75, 7.5, 22.5, and 45 micrograms/M2 X min. Analysis of these dose-response curves indicated that proinsulin-mediated glucose disposal was approximately 7% that of insulin. Each subject also received a combined infusion of insulin (0.63 micrograms/M2 X min) and proinsulin (2.75 micrograms/M2 X min). The mean (+/- SE) glucose disposal rate obtained during the combination study (319 +/- 21 mg/M2 X min) was similar to that predicted by adding the results from the individual hormone infusions (307 +/- 21 mg/M2 X min). Analysis of the dose-response curves for insulin and proinsulin was also useful in predicting the glucose disposal rate during the combination study (290 +/- 19 mg/M2 X min). Thus, using either approach to predict the glucose disposal rates, insulin and proinsulin appeared to have additive effects on total body glucose disposal.
Determining the Sterilization Doses under Hypoxia for the Novel Black Pupae Genetic Sexing Strain of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae) (2021)

A common strategy used to maintain sterile fly quality without sacrificing sterility is to irradiate the insects under an oxygen-reduced atmosphere. So far, sterilizing doses for the South American fruit fly <i>Anastrepha fraterculus</i> have only been determined under normoxia. Our study reports for the first time the dose-sterility response under hypoxia for two different <i>A. fraterculus</i> strains. The pupae were derived from a bisexual strain (a Brazilian-1 population) and a recently developed genetic sexing strain (GSS-89). Two hours prior to irradiation, pupae were transferred to sealed glass bottles and irradiated when oxygen concentration was below 3%. Four types of crosses with nonirradiated flies of the bisexual strain were set to assess sterility for each radiation dose. For males from both strains, Weibull dose-response curves between radiation doses and the proportion of egg hatch, egg-to-pupa recovery, and recovery of adults were determined. The GSS males revealed high sterility/mortality levels compared to males from the bisexual strain at doses < 40 Gy, but a dose of 74 Gy reduced egg hatch by 99% regardless of the male strain and was considered the sterilizing dose. The fertility of irradiated females was severely affected even at low doses under hypoxia.
Perhalogenated thiazoles. Their synthesis, reactions and mass spectra (1976)

Abstract The synthesis of six new mixed perhalogenaled thiazoles ane reported. Three of these contain a 2‐fluoro substituent one of which includes the novel 5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐2‐fluorothiazole. The mass spectral fragmentation pattern of the perhalogenated thiazoles was used to elucidate the orientation of the halogen suhstituents. A novel halogen migration from carbon to nitrogen in the mass spectrum was observed for several of the perhalogenated thiazoles. Nucleophilie displacement of fluoride ion in 4,5‐diehloro‐2‐flurothiazile ( 7 ) by cyano, hydroxyl and methoxyl unions and by diclhyl amine produced the respective 2‐substituted dichlorothiazoles. The ease of electrophilic substitution on carbon in the polyhalogenated thiazoles was observed to be 2 &gt; &gt; 5 &gt; 4. Sulfur tetrafluoride fluorinalion of 2‐earboxy‐4,5‐dichlorothiazole, formed by lilhiation and eurbonation of tricblorolhiazole, yielded 4,5‐dicbloro‐2‐trifluoromethylthiazole.
Low-Subpacketization Multi-Antenna Coded Caching for Dynamic Networks (2022)

Multi-antenna coded caching combines a global caching gain, proportional to the total cache size in the network, with an additional spatial multiplexing gain that stems from multiple transmitting antennas. However, classic centralized coded caching schemes are not suitable for dynamic networks as they require prior knowledge of the number of users to indicate what data should be cached at each user during the placement phase. On the other hand, fully decentralized schemes provide comparable gains to their centralized counterparts only when the number of users is very large. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-antenna coded caching scheme for dynamic networks, where instead of defining individual cache contents, we associate users with a limited set of predefined caching profiles. Then, during the delivery phase, we aim at achieving a combined caching and spatial multiplexing gain, comparable to a large extent with the ideal case of fully centralized schemes. The resulting scheme imposes small subpacketization and beamforming overheads, is robust under dynamic network conditions, and incurs small finite-SNR performance loss compared with centralized schemes.
Lithium Treatment Prevents Neurocognitive Deficit Resulting from Cranial Irradiation (2006)

Curative cancer treatment regimens often require cranial irradiation, resulting in lifelong neurocognitive deficiency in cancer survivors. This deficiency is in part related to radiation-induced apoptosis and decreased neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. We show that lithium treatment protects irradiated hippocampal neurons from apoptosis and improves cognitive performance of irradiated mice. The molecular mechanism of this effect is mediated through multiple pathways, including Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) and Bcl-2/Bax. Lithium treatment of the cultured mouse hippocampal neurons HT-22 induced activation of Akt (1.5-fold), inhibition of GSK-3beta (2.2-fold), and an increase in Bcl-2 protein expression (2-fold). These effects were sustained when cells were treated with lithium in combination with ionizing radiation. In addition, this combined treatment led to decreased expression (40%) of the apoptotic protein Bax. The additional genes regulated by lithium were identified by microarray, such as decorin and Birc1f. In summary, we propose lithium treatment as a novel therapy for prevention of deleterious neurocognitive consequences of cranial irradiation.
Correction to “Cell-Free Massive MIMO Versus Small Cells” [Mar 17 1834-1850] (2020)

We correct the achievable rates (42) and (47) for small cells in “Cell-free massive MIMO versus small cells,” <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.</i> , vol. 16, 2017.
Structure‐Guided Rational Design of α/β‐Peptide Foldamers with High Affinity for BCL‐2 Family Prosurvival Proteins (2013)

We have used computational methods to improve the affinity of a foldamer ligand for its target protein. The effort began with a previously reported α/β-peptide based on the BH3 domain of the proapoptotic protein Puma; this foldamer binds tightly to Bcl-x(L) but weakly to Mcl-1. The crystal structure of the Puma-derived α/β-peptide complexed to Bcl-x(L) was used as the basis for computational design of variants intended to display improved binding to Mcl-1. Molecular modelling suggested modification of three α residues of the original α/β backbone. Individually, each substitution caused only a modest (4- to 15-fold) gain in affinity; however, together the three substitutions led to a 250-fold increase in binding to Mcl-1. These modifications had very little effect on affinity for Bcl-x(L). Crystal structures of a number of the new α/β-peptides bound to either Mcl-1 or Bcl-x(L) validated the selection of each substitution. Overall, our findings demonstrate that structure-guided rational design can be used to improve affinity and alter partner selectivity of peptidic ligands with unnatural backbones that bind to specific protein partners.
Giant power density produced by PIN–PMN–PT ferroelectric single crystals due to a pressure induced polar-to-nonpolar phase transformation (2021)

The search for ferroelectric materials capable of producing high electric charge and power densities is important for developing a new generation of ultrahigh-power-density ferroelectric energy storage devices and autonomous megawatt power supplies.
Keynote Speech 4: ICT trends in energy (2013)

In recent years, significant focus has been given to smart-grid and its potential for significantly improving the power grid. As a result, many countries are considering deploying smart-grid technologies. Unfortunately, the MENA region including Jordan, has not kept pace with these developments. There is a need for countries in the region to move forward with necessary practical and policy decisions to use and deploy such energy saving technologies. Today's PV installations focus mainly on solar energy conversion, control and grid connectivity technologies. This talk will focus on concept of smart-grid, recent advancements in smart-grid technologies, and the role of power electronics in PV energy conversion and how the new solar energy conversion technologies may incorporate smart-grid capabilities in distributed PV systems. Also, it will address Jordan's great potential and opportunity to make use of its ICT success to embrace such new technologies.
CHK1 Inhibition Is Synthetically Lethal with Loss of B-Family DNA Polymerase Function in Human Lung and Colorectal Cancer Cells (2020)

Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is a key mediator of the DNA damage response that regulates cell-cycle progression, DNA damage repair, and DNA replication. Small-molecule CHK1 inhibitors sensitize cancer cells to genotoxic agents and have shown single-agent preclinical activity in cancers with high levels of replication stress. However, the underlying genetic determinants of CHK1 inhibitor sensitivity remain unclear. We used the developmental clinical drug SRA737 in an unbiased large-scale siRNA screen to identify novel mediators of CHK1 inhibitor sensitivity and uncover potential combination therapies and biomarkers for patient selection. We identified subunits of the B-family of DNA polymerases (<i>POLA1, POLE</i>, and <i>POLE2</i>) whose silencing sensitized the human A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and SW620 colorectal cancer cell lines to SRA737. B-family polymerases were validated using multiple siRNAs in a panel of NSCLC and colorectal cancer cell lines. Replication stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis were increased in human cancer cells following depletion of the B-family DNA polymerases combined with SRA737 treatment. Moreover, pharmacologic blockade of B-family DNA polymerases using aphidicolin or CD437 combined with CHK1 inhibitors led to synergistic inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, low levels of POLA1, POLE, and POLE2 protein expression in NSCLC and colorectal cancer cells correlated with single-agent CHK1 inhibitor sensitivity and may constitute biomarkers of this phenotype. These findings provide a potential basis for combining CHK1 and B-family polymerase inhibitors in cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate how the therapeutic benefit of CHK1 inhibitors may potentially be enhanced and could have implications for patient selection and future development of new combination therapies.