gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple-Color-Generating Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Thin-Film Solar Cells via Dichroic Film Incorporation for Power-Generating Window Applications (2017)

There are four prerequisites when applying all types of thin-film solar cells to power-generating window photovoltaics (PVs): high power-generation efficiency, longevity and high durability, semitransparency or partial-light transmittance, and colorful and aesthetic value. Solid-type thin-film Cu(In,Ga)S<sub>2</sub> (CIGS) or Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)<sub>2</sub> (CIGSSe) PVs nearly meet the first two criteria, making them promising candidates for power-generating window applications if they can transmit light to some degree and generate color with good aesthetic value. In this study, the mechanical scribing process removes 10% of the window CIGSSe thin-film solar cell with vacant line patterns to provide a partial-light-transmitting CIGSSe PV module to meet the third requirement. The last concept of creating distinct colors could be met by the addition of reflectance colors of one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PC) dichroic film on the black part of a partial-light-transmitting CIGSSe PV module. Beautiful violets and blues were created on the cover glass of a black CIGSSe PV module via the addition of 1D PC blue-mirror-yellow-pass dichroic film to improve the aesthetic value of the outside appearance. As a general result from the low external quantum efficiency (EQE) and absorption of CIGSSe PVs below a wavelength of 400 nm, the harvesting efficiency and short-circuit photocurrent of CIGSSe PVs were reduced by only ∼10% without reducing the open-circuit voltage (V<sub>OC</sub>) because of the reduced overlap between the absorption spectrum of CIGSSe PV and the reflectance spectrum of the 1D PC blue-mirror-yellow-pass dichroic film. The combined technology of partial-vacancy-scribed CIGSSe PV modules and blue 1D PC dichroic film can provide a simple strategy to be applied to violet/blue power-generating window applications, as such a strategy can improve the transparency and aesthetic value without significantly sacrificing the harvesting efficiency of the CIGSSe PV modules.
Fractal dimension in human cortical surface: Multiple regression analysis with cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and folding area (2006)

Fractal dimension (FD) has been widely used to provide a quantitative description of structural complexity in the cerebral cortex. FD is an extremely compact measure of shape complexity, condensing all details into a single numeric value. We interpreted the variation of the FD in the cortical surface of normal controls through multiple regression analysis with cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and folding area related to cortical complexity. We used a cortical surface showing a reliable representation of folded gyri and manually parcellated it into frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital regions for regional analysis. In both hemispheres the mean cortical thickness and folding area showed significant combination effects on cortical complexity and accounted for about 50% of its variance. The folding area was significant in accounting for the FD of the cortical surface, with positive coefficients in both hemispheres and several lobe regions, while sulcal depth was significant only in the left temporal region. The results may suggest that human cortex develops a complex structure through the thinning of cortical thickness and by increasing the frequency of folds and the convolution of gyral shape rather than by deepening sulcal regions. Through correlation analysis of FD with IQ and the number of years of education, the results showed that a complex shape of the cortical surface has a significant relationship with intelligence and education. Our findings may indicate the structural characteristics that are revealed in the cerebral cortex when the FD in human brain is increased, and provide important information about brain development.
The Omega ontology (2010)

We present the Omega ontology, a 120,000-node terminological ontology constructed at USC ISI as the synthesis of WordNet 2.0 (Miller, 1990; Fellbaum, 1998), a lexically oriented network constructed on general cognitive principles, and Mikrokosmos (Mahesh, 1996; O'Hara et al., 1998), a conceptual resource originally conceived to support translation, whose result is subordinated under a new feature-oriented upper model, created expressly in order to facilitate the merging of lower models into a functional whole.
Synthesis and characterization of propylene and butylene bridged fac-tricarbonylrhenium(i) biscarbene complexes (2011)

Nine new complexes of the type fac-[(CO)(3)ReBr(L)], where L represents a chelating bis-NHC ligand consisting of two alkylene (propylene and butylene) bridged (R') N-substituted (R) imidazoline moieties (1,1'-di-R-3,3'-R'-diimidazolin-2,2'-diylidene), were synthesized. Spectroscopic methods, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography were employed to characterize the complexes both in solution and in solid state. The complexes were compared to the analogous complexes with smaller bridge lengths in order to reveal differences and similarities. Depending on the bridge length and the ligand size in some cases dinuclear complexes were obtained as small scale side products.
Handling Motion-Blur in 3D Tracking and Rendering for Augmented Reality (2011)

The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, we show how to extend the ESM algorithm to handle motion blur in 3D object tracking. ESM is a powerful algorithm for template matching-based tracking, but it can fail under motion blur. We introduce an image formation model that explicitly consider the possibility of blur, and shows its results in a generalization of the original ESM algorithm. This allows to converge faster, more accurately and more robustly even under large amount of blur. Our second contribution is an efficient method for rendering the virtual objects under the estimated motion blur. It renders two images of the object under 3D perspective, and warps them to create many intermediate images. By fusing these images we obtain a final image for the virtual objects blurred consistently with the captured image. Because warping is much faster than 3D rendering, we can create realistically blurred images at a very low computational cost.
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Two-Photon Absorption in Semiconductor Quantum-Dots (2006)

We report theoretical and experimental studies of two-photon absorption spectra of CdSe and CdTe quantum-dots. The influence of the quantum-dot size is verified. Theories using the band-mixing and parabolic bands models are compared.
Small-molecule screen reveals pathways that regulate C4 secretion in stem cell-derived astrocytes (2022)

In the brain, the complement system plays a crucial role in the immune response and in synaptic elimination during normal development and disease. Here, we sought to identify pathways that modulate the production of complement component 4 (C4), recently associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia. To design a disease-relevant assay, we first developed a rapid and robust 3D protocol capable of producing large numbers of astrocytes from pluripotent cells. Transcriptional profiling of these astrocytes confirmed the homogeneity of this population of dorsal fetal-like astrocytes. Using a novel ELISA-based small-molecule screen, we identified epigenetic regulators, as well as inhibitors of intracellular signaling pathways, able to modulate C4 secretion from astrocytes. We then built a connectivity map to predict and validate additional key regulatory pathways, including one involving c-Jun-kinase. This work provides a foundation for developing therapies for CNS diseases involving the complement cascade.
Unsteady Blade Loading with Clocking in Multistage Axial Compressors, Part 2 (2009)

This two-part paper presents numerical and experimental investigations of clocking effects of stator blade rows on the blade loading in the third stage of the four-stage low-speed research compressor at Technische Universitat Dresden. In Part 1 (Muller, L., Mailach, R., Vogeler, K., Jia, H. X., and Xi, G., Unsteady Blade Loading with Clocking in Multistage Axial Compressors, Part 1, Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 26, No.1, 2009, pp. 25-35.) of the paper, the results of the numerical investigations are presented. The unsteady flowfield of the four-stage low-speed research compressor at several clocking configurations is investigated using a three-dimensional time-accurate viscous solver. The unsteady pressure distributions on the rotor and stator blades in the third stage at midspan at several clocking configurations are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the clocking effects in the rotor blade tip region will also be discussed. In Part 2, the experimental investigations are analyzed, which were performed using time-resolving piezoresistive miniature pressure sensors. The measurements were carried out on the pressure side and suction side of the rotor and stator blades in the first and third stages at midspan. Exemplary results for the third stage and design point will be discussed both for the numerical and experimental investigations.
Matching Vector Codes (2011)

An $(r,\delta,\epsilon)$-locally decodable code encodes a k-bit message x to an N-bit codeword $C(x)$, such that for every $i\in[k]$, the ith message bit can be recovered with probability $1-\epsilon$, by a randomized decoding procedure that queries only r bits, even if the codeword $C(x)$ is corrupted in up to $\delta N$ locations. Recently a new class of locally decodable codes (LDCs), based on families of vectors with restricted dot products, has been discovered. We refer to those codes as matching vector (MV) codes. Several families of $(r,\delta,\Theta(r\delta))$-locally decodable MV codes have been obtained. While codes in those families were shorter than codes of earlier generations, they suffered from having large values of $\epsilon=\Omega(r\delta)$, which meant that r-query MV codes could only handle error rates below $\frac{1}{r}$. Thus larger query complexity gave shorter length codes but at the price of less error tolerance. No MV codes of a superconstant number of queries capable of tolerating a constant fraction of errors were known to exist. In this paper we present a new view of matching vector codes and uncover certain similarities between MV codes and classical Reed–Muller (RM) codes. Our view allows us to obtain deeper insights into the power and limitations of MV codes. Specifically, we obtain the following: (1) We show that existing families of MV codes can be enhanced to tolerate a large constant fraction of errors, independent of the number of queries. Such enhancement comes at a price of a moderate increase in the number of queries. (2) Our construction yields the first families of MV codes of superconstant query complexity that can tolerate a constant fraction of errors. Our codes are shorter than RM LDCs for all values of $r\leq\log k/(\log\log k)^c$, for some constant c. (3) We show that any MV code encodes messages of length k to codewords of length at least $k2^{\Omega(\sqrt{\log k})}$. Therefore MV codes do not improve upon RM LDCs for $r\geq(\log k)^{\Omega(\sqrt{\log k})}$.
ChemInform Abstract: A Topological Hierarchy of Molecular Chirality and Other Tidbits in Topological Stereochemistry (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Targeting Therapy Resistant Tumor Vessels (2007)

Abstract : Anti-angiogenic therapy appears to eliminate immature blood vessels. This paradoxically leads to improvement of tumor blood supply, as the structure and function of mature tumor blood vessels, not specific for anti-angiogenic effect, is normalized. This is a serious limitation to the anti-angiogenic therapy. The goal of this project is to specifically distinguish these therapy resistant vessels in breast cancer from those sensitive to anti-angiogenic treatment. To achieve this, we have developed tumor models for vascular normalization and are using in vivo phage display and isolation of peptides that specifically home to normalized tumor vessels resistant to anti-angiogenic therapy. The results obtained in this study will enable specific targeting and thus treatment of breast cancer vessels not responding to standard anti-angiogenic therapy.
Clinically Relevant Pancreatic Fistula after Pancreaticoduodenectomy: How We Do It (2023)

(1) Background: This study's goals were to investigate possible risk factors for clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) grade B/C according to the updated definitions of the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery and to analyze possible treatment strategies; (2) Methods: Between 2017 and 2021, 200 patients were analyzed regarding the development of POPF grade B/C with an emphasis on postoperative outcome and treatment strategies; (3) Results: POPF grade B/C was observed in 39 patients (19.5%). These patients were younger, mainly male, had fewer comorbidities and showed a higher body mass index. Also, they had lower CA-19 levels, a smaller tumor size and softer pancreatic parenchyma. They experienced a worse outcome without affecting the overall mortality rate (10% vs. 6%, <i>p</i> = 0.481), however, this lead to a prolonged postoperative stay (28 (32-36) d vs. 20 (15-28) d, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). The majority of patients with POPF grade B/C were able to receive conservative treatment, followed by drainage placement, endoscopic vacuum-assisted therapy (EVT) and surgery. Conservative treatment resulted in a shorter length of the postoperative stay (24 (22-28) d vs. 34 (26-43) d, <i>p</i> = 0.012); (4) Conclusions: Patients developing POPF grade B/C had a worse outcome; however, this did not affect the overall mortality rate. The majority of the patients were able to receive conservative treatment, resulting in a shorter length of their hospital stay.
Amplitude Analysis of the Decay [¯ over B][superscript 0] → K[subscript S][superscript 0]π[superscript +]π[superscript −] and First Observation of the C P Asymmetry in [¯ over B][superscript 0] → K[supercript *] ( 892 )[superscript −] π[superscript +] (2018)

The time-integrated untagged Dalitz plot of the three-body hadronic charmless decay [¯ over B][superscript 0]→K[subscript S][superscript 0]π[superscript +]π[superscript -] is studied using a pp collision data sample recorded with the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb[superscript -1]. The decay amplitude is described with an isobar model. Relative contributions of the isobar amplitudes to the [¯ over B][superscript 0]→K[subscript S][superscript 0]π[superscript +]π[superscript -] decay branching fraction and CP asymmetries of the flavor-specific amplitudes are measured. The CP asymmetry between the conjugate B[¯ over B][superscript 0]→K[superscript *](892)[superscript -]π[superscript +] and B[superscript 0]→K[superscript *](892)[superscript +]π[superscript -] decay rates is determined to be -0.308±0.062.
Silica‐Bound Homogeneous Catalysts as Recoverable and Reusable Catalysts in Organic Synthesis (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Illuminant invariance from a single reflected light (2001)

Abstract This article presents an algorithm for computing an illuminant‐invariant quantity inherent in a single pixel of an imaged object color. The invariance pertains for two different assumptions about the illuminant spectrum: the photoreceptor sensitivities and the reflectance spectrum of the object. For one regime the illuminant spectrum is exponential, the photoreceptor sensitivities are equal‐width Gaussians, and the reflectance is also Gaussian. For the other regime the illuminant is a Wien approximation to a blackbody radiator, the photoreceptor sensitivities are narrow band in wavelength, and the reflectance is unconstrained. The existence of two regimes for the invariant testifies to its robustness. Computing this invariant over all pixels in an image will assist object‐color recognition (machine‐vision color constancy) without resorting to the usual assumption that illuminant variation over a scene is gradual compared to reflectance variation over that scene. © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 45–48, 2002
Measurement of Turbulent Air Noise Distortion in Loudspeaker Systems (2010)

Air leaks in the dust cap and cabinets of loudspeakers generate turbulent noise which highly impairs the perceived sound quality as rub and buzz and other loudspeaker defects do. However, traditional measurement techniques often fail in the detection of air leaks because the noise has a large spectral bandwidth but a low power density and similar spectral properties as ambient noise generated in a production environment. The paper models the generation process of turbulent air noise and develops a novel measurement technique based on asynchronous demodulation and envelope averaging. The technique accumulates the total energy of the leak noise radiated during the measurement interval and increases the sensitivity by more than 20 dB for measurement times larger than 1s. The paper also presents the results of the practical evaluation and discusses the application to end-of-line testing.
Serum amyloid A has antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus by inhibiting virus entry in a cell culture system (2006)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein produced by the liver. SAA concentration increases markedly in the serum following inflammation and infection. Large increases in SAA concentration during the acute phase response suggest that SAA has a beneficial role in host defense. This study sought to determine the effect of SAA on hepatitis C virus (HCV) infectivity using retroviral particles pseudotyped with HCV envelope glycoproteins (HCVpp) and the recently developed cell culture system for HCV (HCVcc). SAA inhibited HCVpp and HCVcc infection in a dose-dependent manner by affecting an early step of the virus life cycle. Further characterization with HCVpp indicated that SAA blocks virus entry by interacting with the viral particle. In addition, the antiviral activity of SAA was strongly reduced when high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were coincubated with SAA. However, HDL had only a slight effect on the antiviral activity of SAA when HCVpp was first preincubated with SAA. Furthermore, analyses of SAA in sera of chronic HCV patients revealed the presence of variable levels of SAA with abnormally elevated concentrations in some cases. However, no obvious clinical correlation was found between SAA levels and HCV viral loads. In conclusion, our data demonstrate an antiviral activity for SAA and suggest a tight relationship between SAA and HDL in modulating HCV infectivity.
A fast solution to NGS library preparation with low nanogram DNA input (2012)

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has significantly impacted human genetics, enabling a comprehensive characterization of the human genome as well as a better understanding of many genomic abnormalities. By delivering massive DNA sequences at unprecedented speed and cost, NGS promises to make personalized medicine a reality in the foreseeable future. To date, library construction with clinical samples has been a challenge, primarily due to the limited quantities of sample DNA available. Our objective here was to overcome this challenge by developing NEBNext® Ultra DNA Library Prep Kit, a fast library preparation method. Specifically, we streamlined the workflow utilizing novel NEBNext reagents and adaptors, including a new DNA polymerase that has been optimized to minimize GC bias. As a result of this work, we have developed a simple method for library construction from an amount of DNA as low as 5 ng, which can be used for both intact and fragmented DNA. Moreover, the workflow is compatible with multiple NGS platforms.
Conjunctival eosinophil infiltration evoked by histamine and immediate hypersensitivity. Modification by H1- and H2-receptor blockade. (1986)

The present histological studies have demonstrated that histamine causes dose-dependent eosinophil infiltration into the conjunctiva. A highly directional movement toward the conjunctival epithelium was observed, and the presence of large numbers of degranulating eosinophils appeared to result in epithelial cell damage and goblet cell discharge. Blockade of H2-receptors by systemic cimetidine pretreatment significantly inhibited the eosinophil infiltration elicited by an intermediate histamine dose, whereas the H1-receptor blockade produced by systemic pyrilamine pretreatment markedly reduced the response to all histamine doses. The pyrilamine-insensitive residual eosinophil infiltrate was not affected by administering a cimetidine-pyrilamine combination. In animals presensitized to ovalbumin, antigen challenge evoked extensive and directional emigration of eosinophils toward the conjunctival epithelium with resultant exfoliation and depletion of goblet cell populations. In conjunctival immediate hypersensitivity, neither cimetidine nor pyrilamine alone produced an inhibitory effect, but a cimetidine-pyrilamine combination caused a significant reduction in the number of infiltrating eosinophils and prevented epithelial damage and goblet cell depletion. These results suggest that histamine may participate in the recruitment of eosinophils during immediate hypersensitivity reactions. The differential effect of pyrilamine on the eosinophil infiltration evoked by histamine or immediate hypersensitivity may, perhaps, reflect the importance of increased microvascular permeability in facilitating eosinophil emigration.
Low Computation Acoustic Emissions Structural Health Monitoring Through Analog Signal Pre-Processing (2017)

In this research an innovative acoustic emission sensing system has been developed intended for structural fatigue crack monitoring. The innovation lies in analog pre-processing of the detected acoustic emissions for signal enveloping, thus relying on cheap high bandwidth components. The technique is based on heterodyning the amplified acoustic emission signal with a carrier signal of a chosen frequency. Next, the signal is filtered and the signal envelope is obtained by phase shifting the signal by pi/2 creating an analytic signal that is digitally sampled. This results in need of low sampling rate digital acquisition equipment giving relatively small amounts of data to be processed and stored, considerably reducing the system cost. This is particularly suitable for applications involving large or complex structures to be monitored, where a multitude of sensors are needed. The system was built and tested on aluminum test coupons during tension-tension fatigue. The envelope signal is filtered for background noise through thresholding based on statistical knowledge of the noise distribution. The accumulation of acoustic activity shows promising results with an early period of high acoustic activity during settling of the material that asymptotically converges at a certain level. At the next stage, there is no activity until a certain point is reached where a sudden ramp up of AE is detected close to the end of the experiment. Throughextensometer measurement, the change in coupon length at this point in time strongly indicates that the ramp up of AE activity is due to crack initiation and propagation.
The Blockchain Consensus Layer and BFT (2017)

In this paper, we analyze Blockchain consensus protocols in the lens of the foundations of distributed computing. Our goal is to present analogies and connections between Blockchain protocols and Byzantine fault tolerant (BFT) protocols. We also discuss opportunities to consider hybrid solutions