gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of bovine carbonic anhydrase with (neutral) aniline, phenol, and methanol (1980)

We have investigated the interaction of bovine carbonic anhydrase with neutral aniline, phenol, and methanol molecules. The measurements are of optical spectra and solvent water and methanol proton magnetic relaxation rates of solutions of Co2+-substituted enzyme. We recently proposed a model [Koenig, S. H., Brown, R. D., & Jacob, G. S. (1980) Proceedings of the Symposium on Biophysics and Physiology of Carbon Dioxide, Springer-Verlag, West Berlin and Heidelberg], based on the interaction of enzyme with monovalent anions, that accounts for the pH dependences observed for a wide variety of phenomena, including the apparent pKa for enzymatic activity. We now extend the model to include the observed effects of neutral molecules. Aniline and phenol, though isoelectronic, shift the observed pKa values in opposite directions, and both appear to bind at the aromatic binding site to which sulfonamide inhibitors and aromatic esters are known to bind. The resulting binary complexes behave as altered enzymes, with different values of the pKa for activity, but otherwise are similar to the native enzyme. In terms of our model, aniline and phenol alter the relative affinities of water and anions for the same coordination position of the metal ion at the active site. The effect is opposite in sign for the two nolecules becuase of the differing proton affinities of the NH2 and OH moieties of the phenol ring in each case. By extension, our results indicate that data from experiments using aromatic buffers such as imidazole and lutidine should be analyzed with some care; effects previously attributed to buffer molecules to the aromatic binding site in the active region of the enzyme. The interaction of methanol with carbonic anhydrase is quite different, and very weak. Methanol does displace water at the metal, but to first order there is little, if any, preferential binding of methanol compared to water. Observations by others that alcohols inhibit esterase activity with inhibition constants on the order of 1 M are not attributable to binding of alcohol to enzyme but rather, in our view, result from the increased solubility of aromatic ester substrates in the alcohol-modified solvent.
Reduced-complexity power amplifier linearization for carrier aggregation mobile transceivers (2014)

Spurious intermodulation components have recently been identified as a major problem in carrier aggregation mobile transmitters with multi-band power amplifiers (PAs). This article presents novel adaptive digital predistortion (DPD) solutions with reduced complexity in both the predistortion processing and the feedback paths, to tackle this problem. Compared with conventional DPDs which aim to linearize the whole transmit bandwidth, the proposed technique aims at mitigating only those intermodulation components which are most problematic from the spurious emission limit perspective. The proposed technique is verified with extensive simulations in various 3GPP LTE-A carrier aggregation scenarios, showing that the intermodulation spurs can be efficiently mitigated below the spurious emission limit with relatively small back-offs.
Metabolic variations in normal and fibrotic human laryngotracheal‐derived fibroblasts: A Warburg‐like effect (2016)

NA Laryngoscope, 127:E107-E113, 2017.
P3‐022: Comparative study of sex hormone serum levels and CSF markers in patients with Alzheimer's disease (2009)

The level of sex steroids decrease with age, and some studies indicate a correlation between declining cognitive functions and decreased androgen levels. Thus, decreased testosterone and altered dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been reported. In this study, we correlate the serum levels of four different hormones: testosterone, DHEAS, 4-androstendione (4-ADS) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) to the levels of the AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers: total tau, phospho-tau and amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ 1-42) in patients with AD compared to controls. Serum and CSF samples from patients referred to the memory clinic at the Copenhagen University Hospital were obtained during the period 2004-2005. The AD patients (n = 26) fulfilled the NINCDS/ADRDA criteria for AD and the control group consisted of 42 patients with clinically confirmed non-AD neurodegenerative disorders. CSF markers were analysed using ELISA, SHBG was analysed using an immunofluoroimmunometric assay (AutoDELFIA) and the androgens were measured using ether extraction, liquid chromatography and radio immunoassay. The levels of total-tau and p-tau differed significantly in AD patients compared to the control group. Aβ 1-42 did not discriminate the two groups. None of the sex hormones differed significantly between AD patients and controls. Also, there was no statistically significant correlation between the AD CSF markers and sex hormone levels. However, when men and women were analysed separately, a statistically significant correlation was found between age, DHEAS serum level and AD diagnosis in men, but not in women. In particular, the group of men below the age of 65 had elevated DHEAS levels compared to age-matched control patients. We found no statistically significant differences between the groups or correlations with the CSF AD biomarkers except for elevated DHEAS serum levels in male subjects below the age of 65. The results warrant exploration in larger materials using more exact methods for steroid measurement such as tandem mass spectrometry and looking at other adrenal parameters.
Fixed frequency controlled piezoelectric 10W DC/DC converter (2010)

Piezoelectric transformers (PT) have been widely adopted in AC/DC and DC/DC converters due to their many inherent advantages such as high insulation voltage and operate at high frequencies, with lower losses. However, their operating frequency has a strong dependence on load and also on other parameters, such as temperature or voltage level applied. This frequency drift not only causes an inconvenience that affects PT efficiency but also gives a problem to achieved zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition in the power stage. In this paper, we use a new design procedure to determine the optimal size of a staked disk-type piezoelectric transformer with radial-mode vibration that operates at fixed frequency in step-down 10W DC/DC converter for spatial application, which is small in size but has high efficiency and which gives us an optimal range for regulating voltage under a wide load variation.
Differential immune signatures in the tumor microenvironment are associated with colon cancer racial disparities (2021)

Differences in the tumor immune microenvironment of African American as compared to European American CC specimens may play a role in the survival differences between the groups. These differences may provide targeted therapeutic opportunities.
Heterogeneous interactions of chlorine nitrate, hydrogen chloride, and nitric acid with sulfuric acid surfaces at stratospheric temperatures (1988)

The heterogeneous interactions of ClONO 2 , HCl and HNO 3 with sulfuric acid surfaces were studied using a Knudsen cell flow reactor. The surfaces studied, chosen to simulate global stratospheric particulate, were composed of 65‐75% H 2 SO 4 solutions at temperatures in the range −63 to −43°C. Heterogeneous loss, but not reaction, of HNO 3 and HCl occurred on these surfaces and the measured sticking coefficients are reported. Chlorine nitrate reacted on the cold sulfuric acid surfaces, producing gas‐phase HOCl and condensed HNO 3 . ClONO 2 also reacted with HCl dissolved in the 65% H 2 SO 4 solution at −63°C, forming gaseous Cl 2 . In all cases studied, the sticking and/or reaction coefficients were much larger for the 65% H 2 SO 4 solution at −63°C than for the 75% solution at −43°C.
A Perovskite Electrolyte That Is Stable in Moist Air for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2018)

Solid-oxide Li<sup>+</sup> electrolytes of a rechargeable cell are generally sensitive to moisture in the air as H<sup>+</sup> exchanges for the mobile Li<sup>+</sup> of the electrolyte and forms insulating surface phases at the electrolyte interfaces and in the grain boundaries of a polycrystalline membrane. These surface phases dominate the total interfacial resistance of a conventional rechargeable cell with a solid-electrolyte separator. We report a new perovskite Li<sup>+</sup> solid electrolyte, Li<sub>0.38</sub> Sr<sub>0.44</sub> Ta<sub>0.7</sub> Hf<sub>0.3</sub> O<sub>2.95</sub> F<sub>0.05</sub> , with a lithium-ion conductivity of σ<sub>Li</sub> =4.8×10<sup>-4</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> at 25 °C that does not react with water having 3≤pH≤14. The solid electrolyte with a thin Li<sup>+</sup> -conducting polymer on its surface to prevent reduction of Ta<sup>5+</sup> is wet by metallic lithium and provides low-impedance dendrite-free plating/stripping of a lithium anode. It is also stable upon contact with a composite polymer cathode. With this solid electrolyte, we demonstrate excellent cycling performance of an all-solid-state Li/LiFePO<sub>4</sub> cell, a Li-S cell with a polymer-gel cathode, and a supercapacitor.
Abstract 3033: Beating-Heart Closure of Atrial Septal Defects with Complex Geometry: Real-time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography-Guided Hybrid Approach (2006)

Background: Application of transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) is limited by defect geometry and need for over-sizing to ensure complete closure. We have developed a cathete...
Reconstruction of 3D Patient-Specific Bone Models From Biplanar X-Ray Images Utilizing Morphometric Measurements. (2006)

Obtaining 3D patient-specific bone models from 2D image data (e.g. X-rays, fluoroscope) remains a practical and desirable alternative to segmentation of bone models from 3D image data (e.g. CT, MRI). It also provides an initial step to automatically calculating the relevant axes and angles needed in computer aided surgery (CAS). Our method utilizes a statistical atlas of bone based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and biplanar X-ray images to fully reconstruct a patient-specific 3D bone model. Reconstruction is done through a robust 3D-2D registration technique where the deformation is constrained through extracted 2D morphometric measurements. Reconstructions of both femur and lumbar were undertaken with results compared to manual segmentations.
Alveolar Recruitment Strategy and High Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Levels Do Not Affect Hemodynamics in Morbidly Obese Intravascular Volume-Loaded Patients (2009)

We evaluated the effect of the alveolar recruitment strategy and high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on hemodynamics in 20 morbidly obese (body mass index 50 +/- 9 kg/m2), intravascular volume-loaded patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. The alveolar recruitment strategy was sequentially performed with and without capnoperitoneum and consisted of an upward PEEP trial, recruitment with 50-60 cm H2O of plateau pressure for 10 breaths, and a downward PEEP trial. Recruitment and high PEEP did not cause significant disturbances in any hemodynamic variable measured by systemic and pulmonary artery catheters. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed no differences in end-diastolic areas or evidence of segmental abnormalities in wall motion.
40Gb/s Parallel Optical Interconnection Module for Optical Backplane Application (2006)

A novel structure called the V-groove passive alignment structure (VGPAS), which has the advantage of easy optical alignment during assembly of optical interconnection modules, is presented. A high-precision V-groove fabrication technique is utilized to fabricate the components of the structure, and apparatus suitable for assembling was developed. Evaluation of the alignment precision proved the effectiveness of the VGPAS
Evaluation of C-5 Propynyl Pyrimidine-Containing Oligonucleotides In Vitro and In Vivo (2003)

Inclusion of C-5 propynyl pyrimidines in phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) has been shown to significantly increase their potency for inhibiting gene expression in vitro. This increased potency is believed to be the result of enhanced binding affinity to target RNA. Our results show that C-5 propynyl pyrimidine-modified oligonucleotides caused an increase in the melting temperature (T(m)) of both oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) and 2'-O-(2-methoxy)ethyl (2'-MOE)-modified oligonucleotides. The in vitro data show a moderate increase in potency for an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide containing C-5 propynyl pyrimidines targeting the murine PTEN (MMAC1) transcript. Second-generation 2'-MOE chimeric ASOs containing C-5 propynyl pyrimidines showed no improvement in potency in PTEN target reduction in vitro or in vivo compared to their nonpropyne-modified parent. These results suggest that increasing affinity for target RNA beyond that achieved with the 2'-MOE modification does not further increase potency in cell-based assays. To evaluate whether this observation held true for in vivo applications, we evaluated both compounds in mice. We were unable to establish a dose-response relationship with C-5 propynyl pyrimidine-modified ODNs because of severe toxicity. The toxicity was characterized by mortality in animals receiving 50 mg/kg and an increase in infiltrating cells and apoptotic cells in livers of mice receiving 20 mg/kg. C-5 propynyl pyrimidine-modified chimeric oligonucleotides exhibited decreased hepatotoxicity compared with C-5 propynyl-modified ODNs but did not exhibit an increase in potency compared with unmodified chimeric oligonucleotides. The hepatotoxicity could be further limited if incorporation of propynyl pyrimidines was restricted to 2'-MOE nucleosides.
Thermodynamically controlled products: novel motif of metallohelicates stabilized by inter- and intra-helix hydrogen bonds (2000)

Two temperature and/or time dependent self-assembly processes of maleic dianion (male), thiourea and zinc(II) or cadmium(II) ions have been studied. By prolonging the reaction time and heating, the kinetic product [{Zn(male)(tu)(H2O)}2]·4H2O 1 can be converted into the thermodynamic product [{Zn(male)(tu)2}n] 2. In the case of the Cd–maleate–tu system, the thermodynamic product with helical formation [{(male)Cd(tu)2}2(male)Cd(tu)(H2O)2]n4 was obtained from the kinetically controlled product [Cd(Hmale)2(tu)2(H2O)2] 3 by prolonging the reaction time. The thermodynamic helicate 2 bears a new metallohelicate motif in which the helical structure is induced and stabilized by interhelix hydrogen bonding. On the contrary, 4 also bears an infinite metallohelicate motif where the helix is induced and stabilized by intrahelix hydrogen bonding and a 3-D network is formed through hydrogen bonds and short S⋯S contacts among neighboring helixes. All the complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography.
Effect of contamination on microstructure in friction stir spot welded DP590 steel (2009)

In this study, FSSW of DP590 steel was performed using both bare and TiC/TiN coated Si 3 N 4 tool with Ar shielding, and effect of contamination on the microstructure during FSSW was examined. Defect free welds were successfully obtained at all welding conditions. Si, N and O contaminations were clearly found in the weld when bare Si 3 N 4 tool was used without Ar shielding, but the coated tool and Ar shielding could suppress the contaminations. The contaminations caused higher hardness in the vicinity of the pin hole and reduced the weld strength. The present study showed that the prevention of the contaminations could improve the weld strength, especially the cross-tension strength, in FSSW of DP590 steel using Si 3 N 4 tool.
A study of the CoolMOS integral diode: analysis and optimisation (2002)

This paper examines the internal carrier dynamics during reverse recovery of the integral diode present in the CoolMOS FET. The physical processes occurring within the device allows identification of the factors influencing the recovery/transient characteristics of the integral diode. It is also observed that a trade-off exists between the specific on-resistance and the softness of the diode.
Rapid growth of II-VI laser structures by compound-source molecular beam epitaxy (1996)

Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at high growth rate more than twice compared with the conventional rate was investigated for ZnSe layers and related laser structures by using polycrystalline compounds as source materials. A clearly-streaked (2 x 1) pattern indicating Se-stabilized surface was observed by reflection of high-energy electron diffraction during the growth of ZnSe:N layers at 260 - 360 degrees Celsius with around 2 micrometer/h. Full width at half-maximum of double crystal x-ray rocking curve was as narrow as 85 arc sec for a 6.5- micrometer-thick layer with mirror-like surface morphology. ZnCdSe/ZnSSe/ZnMgSSe separate confinement heterostructure lasers operated at room temperature were obtained with a time required to grow of 80 min. II-VI layers grown by the rapid compound-source (CS) MBE had high crystalline quality comparable to that of the layers grown at the conventional growth rate. CSMBE has the surface migration enhancement effect at the growth front due to high kinetic energy of source molecules. The CSMBE technique solved the problem of low productivity for the conventional II-VI MBE growth.
Refractive index sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver–gold layered bimetallic plasmonic crystals (2017)

Herein we describe the fabrication and characterization of Ag and Au bimetallic plasmonic crystals as a system that exhibits improved capabilities for quantitative, bulk refractive index (RI) sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as compared to monometallic plasmonic crystals of similar form. The sensing optics, which are bimetallic plasmonic crystals consisting of sequential nanoscale layers of Ag coated by Au, are chemically stable and useful for quantitative, multispectral, refractive index and spectroscopic chemical sensing. Compared to previously reported homometallic devices, the results presented herein illustrate improvements in performance that stem from the distinctive plasmonic features and strong localized electric fields produced by the Ag and Au layers, which are optimized in terms of metal thickness and geometric features. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations theoretically verify the nature of the multimode plasmonic resonances generated by the devices and allow for a better understanding of the enhancements in multispectral refractive index and SERS-based sensing. Taken together, these results demonstrate a robust and potentially useful new platform for chemical/spectroscopic sensing.
Measuring response functions of active materials from data (2023)

From flocks of birds to biomolecular assemblies, systems in which many individual components independently consume energy to perform mechanical work exhibit a wide array of striking behaviors. Methods to quantify the dynamics of these so called active systems generally aim to extract important length or time scales from experimental fields. Because such methods focus on extracting scalar values, they do not wring maximal information from experimental data. We introduce a method to overcome these limitations. We extend the framework of correlation functions by taking into account the internal headings of displacement fields. The functions we construct represent the material response to specific types of active perturbation within the system. Utilizing these response functions we query the material response of disparate active systems composed of actin filaments and myosin motors, from model fluids to living cells. We show we can extract critical length scales from the turbulent flows of an active nematic, anticipate contractility in an active gel, distinguish viscous from viscoelastic dissipation, and even differentiate modes of contractility in living cells. These examples underscore the vast utility of this method which measures response functions from experimental observations of complex active systems.
Fiber Bragg grating inscription in few-mode highly birefringent microstructured fiber (2013)

In this Letter, we present the technology of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inscription in highly birefringent (HB) few-mode microstructured fibers (MSFs) with two different (nanosecond and femtosecond) lasers in a Talbot interferometer setup. The spectral characteristics of FBGs written in the core region of the investigated fiber, with particular modes represented by dual peaks, are presented and discussed. Furthermore, we calculate the fundamental fiber parameters (mode effective refractive index and phase modal birefringence) from the spectral characteristics and show very good agreement with the performed numerical fiber characterization. We expect the results of our experiments to be very useful in future development of FBG sensors based on novel HB MSFs, with enhanced strain sensitivity of higher-order modes.
Generation of Wavelength-Tunable Optical Pulses Using a Linear-Cavity Fiber Laser Scheme With a Fabry–PÉrot Laser Diode (2004)

A wavelength-tunable mode-locked linear-cavity fiber laser was demonstrated using a Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot laser diode. By adding a tunable bandpass filter within the linear cavity, the wavelength-tunable fiber laser was easy to be tuned dynamically. This linear-cavity fiber laser output exhibited a good performance having the optical sidemode suppression ratio over 30 dB and the wavelength-tuning range up to 27 nm. Furthermore, this fiber laser generated pulses with pulsewidth between 53.2 and 80.4 ps at a repetition frequency of 908.39 MHz.
The Potential of Massive‐MIMO on TV Towers for Cellular Coverage Extension (2021)

Because of low potential revenue, network operators have mainly focused on providing connectivity in urban areas rather than in rural areas resulting in technology improvement in favour of urban areas; and consequently, most of remote areas suffer from poor or lack of connectivity. In this paper, we present the potential of massive‐MIMO to provide connectivity to sparse areas. We show that we can cover large rural areas with radius of tens of km using massive‐MIMO mounted on existing infrastructure of TV towers. We also show that, in contrast with common belief, higher frequencies, e.g., 3500 MHz rather than 700 MHz, can reach farther utilizing massive‐MIMO, provided that the antenna area is the same.
S.11.2 - PREFRONTAL D1 NEURONS AND REGULATION OF FOOD INTAKE (2013)

Land, Benjamina; Narayanan, Nandakumarb; Liu, Rong-Jiana; Gianessi, Carola; Brayton, Catherinea; Grimaldi, Davida; Sarhan, Maysaa; Guarnieri, Douglasa; Karl, Deisserothb; Aghajanian, Georgea; DiLeone, Ralph Author Information
Numerical model for the weakly nonlinear propagation of sound through turbulence (1994)

When finite amplitude (or intense) sound, such as a sonic boom, propagates through a turbulent atmosphere, the propagation is strongly affected by the turbulence. The interaction between sound and turbulence has mostly been studied as a linear phenomenon, i.e., the nonlinear behavior of the intense sound has been neglected. It has been shown that turbulence has an effect on the perceived loudness of sonic booms, mainly by changing its peak pressure and rise time. Peak pressure and rise time are important factors that determine the loudness of the sonic boom when heard outdoors. However, the interaction between turbulence and nonlinear effects has mostly not been included in propagation studies of sonic booms. It is therefore important to investigate the influence of acoustical nonlinearity on the interaction of intense sound with turbulence.