gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Abuse Progression of Immediate-Release Hydrocodone Combination Products (2018)

This study examined patterns of hydrocodone combination product (HCP) abuse and their potential role in abuse progression of prescription opioids and other drugs. An Internet survey was administered to 472 adult opioid users in the United States who used HCPs nonmedically. Alternate routes (33%) and concomitant drug use (45%) were indicated more frequently during respondent’s most recent HCP nonmedical use compared with their initial use (20% and 24%, respectively). Those initiating HCP nonmedical use during adolescence used alternate routes (e.g., chewing, snorting) throughout their lifetime more frequently (69.5%) compared with those older when initiating HCP nonmedical use (51.0%). A different abuse pattern was observed from first to most recent HCP use, starting with oral administration of intact tablets followed by use of alternate routes and concomitant use of illicit drugs, sometimes use of heroin. These data may inform future public health interventions, including the potential development of abuse-deterrent immediate-release opioids.
Multiple Antenna Techniques (2009)

When several antennas are present at both the transmitter and the receiver the system is said to be Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO). MIMO systems can improve the link performance by exploiting the spatial domain when communicating with a single user or with multiple users. Single-user and multi-user MIMO (SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO) techniques are based on a few fundamental principles, which aim at leveraging some key properties of multi-antenna radio propagation channels, namely diversity gain, array gain and spatial multiplexing gain. This chapter first outlines the theoretical background needed in order to understand the role of multiple antennas in LTE, including providing a model by which the key principles of transmit diversity, SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO are explained. This is followed by a detailed description of the multi-antenna methods adopted in LTE, together with an explanation of the rationale and design constraints behind the choices made. Simulated and measured performance analysis is also provided.
100-Fold Enhancement of Fluorescence Imaging by Two-Dimensional-Grating-Coupled Surface Plasmon Resonance (2009)

Silver-coated two-dimensional periodic structures were fabricated for high-efficiency excitation of surface plasmon resonance. The fluorescence image of labeled proteins on the periodic structure was 100 times as bright as that on a flat glass plate.
Retrieval of entire genes from environmental DNA by inverse PCR with pre‐amplification of target genes using primers containing locked nucleic acids (2008)

We had been unsuccessful to amplify desired nucleotide sequences from various environmental DNA samples by using the inverse polymerase chain reaction (IPCR) technique, most probably because the copy numbers of target DNA sequences had been quite low. To enrich the target DNA sequences prior to IPCR, a rolling-circle amplification was used with a site-specific primer containing locked nucleic acids (LNAs). This pre-amplified IPCR (PAI-PCR) method increased the sensitivity of PCR almost 10,000 times compared with the standard IPCR in model experiments using Escherichia coli. We then applied the PAI-PCR method to isolate glycosyl hydrolase genes from DNAs extracted from vermiform appendixes of horses and termite guts. The flanking sequences of the target genes were amplified and cloned successfully using PAI-PCR, whereas standard IPCR resulted in no amplification.
5‐year Incidence of Lubricant Dependence in Medically and Surgically Treated Glaucoma Patients (2016)

Purpose Chronic use of intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering medications is associated with ocular surface disease. Glaucoma surgery has also been associated with ocular surface disturbances. In this study we assess the incidence of topical lubricant use in glaucoma patients who are medically controlled or who have had glaucoma surgery over 5 years of followup. Methods Retrospective chart review was performed for patients on medications for primary open angle glaucoma. Some of these patients required subsequent glaucoma surgery. Primary outcome measure was the incidence and onset of topical lubricant use in these patients. Results 505 cases patients with POAG were reviewed. Mean age was 63.9 years (SD: 11.1) and 42.8% were women. 122 of these patients required a MMC‐augmented phacotrabeculectomy ( n = 97) or trabeculectomy ( n = 25) over the course of followup. 5‐year incidence of lubricant use was 39% in glaucoma subjects. Females were more likely to use topical lubricants (p &lt; 0.01). Incidence of lubricant use increased from 21.3% preoperatively to 71.3% postoperatively in subjects who subsequently underwent trabeculectomy or phacotrabeculectomy. Conclusions Glaucoma medications, surgery and female gender are predisposing factors for ocular lubricant use. Notably MMC‐augmented trabeculectomy and phaco‐trabeculectomy increased the need for topical lubricants by more than threefold.
Effect of Repeated Prostate Biopsies on Erectile Function in Men on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer (2013)

In this longitudinally followed active surveillance cohort we observed a small decrease in erectile function and an increase in the use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors with time. While we cannot separate out the effect of multiple biopsies from that of the natural aging process on erectile function in this observational study, our data suggest that active surveillance related biopsies do not have a large impact on erectile function.
Selective Verification Strategy for Learning From Crowds (2018)

To deal with the low qualities of web workers in crowdsourcing, many unsupervised label aggregation methods have been investigated but most of them provide inconsistent performance. In this paper, we explore the learning from crowds with selective verification problem. In addition to the noisy responses from the crowds, it also collects the ground truths for a well-chosen subset of tasks as the reference, then aggregates the redundant responses based on the patterns provided by both the supervised and unsupervised signal. To improve the labeling efficiency, we propose the EBM selecting strategy for choosing the verification subset, which is based on the loss error minimization. Specifically, we first establish the expected loss error given the semi-supervised learning estimate, then find the subset that minimizes this selecting criterion. We do extensive empirical comparisons on both synthetic and real-world datasets to show the benefits of this new learning setting as well as our proposal.
Retention of maze performance inversely correlates with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor number in hippocampus and frontal neocortex in the rat. (1989)

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor may play a critical role in learning and memory. In the present study, a significant correlation was found between the number of NMDA-displaceable, Na+-independent L-[3H]glutamate binding sites in the hippocampus and neocortex of young rats and the mean number of errors during retention, but not acquisition, in a 14-unit T-maze.
Circadian profile, daytime activity, and the Parkinson's phenotype: A motion sensor pilot study with neurobiological underpinnings (2023)

Circadian rhythm impairment may play a role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathophysiology. Recent literature associated circadian rhythm features to the risk of developing Parkinson and to its progression through stages. The association between the chronotype and the phenotype should be verified on a clinical and biological point of view. Herein we investigate the chronotype of a sample of 50 PD patients with the Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire and monitor their daily activity with a motion sensor embedded in a smartphone. Fibroblasts were collected from PD patients (n = 5) and from sex/age matched controls (n = 3) and tested for the circadian expression of clock genes (CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, CRY1), and for cell morphology, proliferation, and death. Our results show an association between the chronotype and the PD phenotype. The most representative clinical chronotypes were "moderate morning" (56%), the "intermediate" (24%) and, in a minor part, the "definite morning" (16%). They differed for axial motor impairment, presence of motor fluctuations and quality of life (p < 0.05). Patients with visuospatial dysfunction and patients with a higher PIGD score had a blunted motor daily activity (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001, respectively), independently by the influence of age and other motor scores. Fibroblasts obtained by PD patients (n = 5) had an impaired BMAL1 cycle compared to controls (n = 3, p = 0.01). Moreover, a PD flat BMAL1 profile was associated with the lowest cell proliferation and the largest cell morphology. This study contributes to the growing literature on CR abnormalities in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease providing a link between the clinical and biological patient chronotype and the disease phenomenology.
Exoenzyme S from Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces apoptosis in T lymphocytes (2000)

Exoenzyme S from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a unique T cell mitogen; it is a powerful immunostimulus that activates a large proportion of T cells, but results in delayed and reduced lymphocyte proliferation. This study was performed to explain the discrepancy between early T cell activation and subsequent proliferation. Studies revealed that exoenzyme S induced rapid and unsustained surface expression of CD69, but could not induce interleukin-2 receptor alpha (IL-2R alpha) up-regulation on T cells. IL-2 was undetectable in supernatants and addition of rIL-2 could not reverse the unresponsiveness, indicating that anergy was not involved. Exoenzyme S induced membrane phosphatidylserine translocation, DNA hypodiploidy, and DNA fragmentation, implicating apoptosis as the mechanism for the unresponsiveness. Exoenzyme S-induced apoptosis shows features of both propriocidal and death by neglect, suggesting shared characteristics of an intermediate pathway. Thus, a Pseudomonas exoproduct induces T cell apoptosis, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas infections in diseases such as cystic fibrosis.
A memory-efficient fast encoding method for vector quantization using 2-pixel-merging sum pyramid (2004)

Vector quantization (VQ) is a famous signal compression method. In VQ encoding, a fast search method for finding the best-matched codeword (winner) is a key issue because it is the time bottleneck for practical applications. To speed up the VQ encoding process, some fast search methods that are based on the concept of multiresolutions by introducing a pyramid data structure have already been proposed in previous works. However, there still exist two serious problems in them. First, they need a lot of extra memories for storing all purposely constructed intermediate levels in a pyramid, which becomes an overhead of memory. Second, they completely discard the obtained Euclidean distance that has already been computed at an intermediate level whenever a rejection test fails at this level during a search process, which becomes an overhead of computation. In order to solve the overhead problems of both memory and computation as described above, this paper proposes a memory-efficient storing for vector and recursive computation for Euclidean distance level by level based on a 2-pixel-merging (2-PM) sum pyramid, which can thoroughly reuse the obtained value of Euclidean distance at any level to compute the next rejection test condition at a successive level. Mathematically, this method does not need any extra memories at all and can reduce the original computational burden that is needed in conventional nonrecursive computation to about half at each level. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method outperforms the previous works.
Silicon surface kinetics studied using laser-induced thermal desorption (1990)

Laser induced thermal desorption (LITD) has emerged as a powerful time-dependent probe of surface processes. The ability of LITD to desorb silicon-containing species from Si(l1l)7x7 has been employed to study the decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>0 and NH<sub>3</sub> on Si(l11)7x7. These LITD studies on Si(111)7x7 assumed that the silicon-containing species were derived from surface reaction intermediates. This assumption was recently tested by transmission FTIR investigations of H20 and NH<sub>3</sub> decomposition on high surface area porous silicon surfaces. The LITD and FTIR results were compared for the thermal stability of the SiOH surface species during H<sub>2</sub>O decomposition and the SiNH<sub>2</sub> surface species during NH<sub>3</sub> decomposition. The good agreement between the LITD and the FTIR investigations indicated that the silicon containing LITD species correspond to silicon surface reaction intermediates.
Method and simulation to study 3D crosstalk perception (2012)

To various degrees, all modern 3DTV displays suffer from crosstalk, which can lead to a decrease of both visual quality and visual comfort, and also affect perception of depth. In the absence of a perfect 3D display technology, crosstalk has to be taken into account when studying perception of 3D stereoscopic content. In order to improve 3D presentation systems and understand how to efficiently eliminate crosstalk, it is necessary to understand its impact on human perception. In this paper, we present a practical method to study the perception of crosstalk. The approach consists of four steps: (1) physical measurements of a 3DTV, (2) building of a crosstalk surface based on those measurements and representing specifically the behavior of that 3TV, (3) manipulation of the crosstalk function and application on reference images to produce test images degraded by crosstalk in various ways, and (4) psychophysical tests. Our approach allows both a realistic representation of the behavior of a 3DTV and the easy manipulation of its resulting crosstalk in order to conduct psycho-visual experiments. Our approach can be used in all studies requiring the understanding of how crosstalk affects perception of stereoscopic content and how it can be corrected efficiently.
Supplementary Fig. S2 from Quantitative live imaging of cancer and normal cells treated with Kinesin-5 inhibitors indicates significant differences in phenotypic responses and cell fate (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S2 from Quantitative live imaging of cancer and normal cells treated with Kinesin-5 inhibitors indicates significant differences in phenotypic responses and cell fate
Structure of a RhI complex of a bis(2,3-quinolino)-annulated cis,syn,cis-tricyclo[6.3.0.03,7]undecane (1989)

C 33 H 32 N 2 Rh•BF 4 cristallise dans Pcmn avec affinement jusqu'a 0,0546. L'atome Rh a une geometrie plan carre: il est relie aux deux doubles liaisons du ligand cyclooctadiene et aux deux atomes N du ligand bqtu constitue a partir de deux molecules de quinoleine
DNA Sliding Clamps as Therapeutic Targets (2018)

Chromosomal DNA replication is achieved by an assembly of multi-protein complexes at the replication fork. DNA sliding clamps play an important role in this assembly and are essential for cell viability. Inhibitors of bacterial (β-clamp) and eukaryal DNA clamps, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), have been explored for use as antibacterial and anti-cancer drugs, respectively. Inhibitors for bacterial β-clamps include modified peptides, small molecule inhibitors, natural products, and modified non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Targeting eukaryotic PCNA sliding clamp in its role in replication can be complicated by undesired effects on healthy cells. Some success has been seen in the design of peptide inhibitors, however, other research has focused on targeting PCNA molecules that are modified in diseased states. These inhibitors that are targeted to PCNA involved in DNA repair can sensitize cancer cells to existing anti-cancer therapeutics, and a DNA aptamer has also been shown to inhibit PCNA. In this review, studies in the use of both bacterial and eukaryotic sliding clamps as therapeutic targets are summarized.
An Integrative Scoring System for Survival Prediction Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Acute Leukemia (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Survival of acute leukemia (AL) patients following umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) is dependent on an array of individual features. Integrative models for risk assessment are lacking. We sought to develop a scoring system for prediction of overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) at 2 years following UCBT in AL patients.<b>Experimental Design:</b> The study cohort included 3,140 pediatric and adult AL UCBT patients from the European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Eurocord registries. Patients received single or double cord blood units. The dataset was geographically split into a derivation (<i>n</i> = 2,362, 65%) and validation set (<i>n</i> = 778, 35%). Top predictors of OS were identified using the Random Survival Forest algorithm and introduced into a Cox regression model, which served for the construction of the UCBT risk score.<b>Results:</b> The score includes nine variables: disease status, diagnosis, cell dose, age, center experience, cytomegalovirus serostatus, degree of HLA mismatch, previous autograft, and anti-thymocyte globulin administration. Over the validation set an increasing score was associated with decreasing probabilities for 2 years OS and LFS, ranging from 70.21% [68.89-70.71, 95% confidence interval (CI)] and 64.76% (64.33-65.86, 95% CI) to 14.78% (10.91-17.41) and 18.11% (14.40-22.30), respectively. It stratified patients into six distinct risk groups. The score's discrimination (AUC) over multiple imputations of the validation set was 68.76 (68.19-69.04, range) and 65.78 (65.20-66.28) for 2 years OS and LFS, respectively.<b>Conclusions:</b> The UCBT score is a simple tool for risk stratification of AL patients undergoing UCBT. Widespread application of the score will require further independent validation. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(21); 6478-86. ©2017 AACR</i>.
An HTTP/2-Based Adaptive Streaming Framework for 360° Virtual Reality Videos (2017)

Virtual Reality (VR) devices are becoming accessible to a large public, which is going to increase the demand for 360° VR videos. VR videos are often characterized by a poor quality of experience, due to the high bandwidth required to stream the 360° video. To overcome this issue, we spatially divide the VR video into tiles, so that each temporal segment is composed of several spatial tiles. Only the tiles belonging to the viewport, the region of the video watched by the user, are streamed at the highest quality. The other tiles are instead streamed at a lower quality. We also propose an algorithm to predict the future viewport position and minimize quality transitions during viewport changes. The video is delivered using the server push feature of the HTTP/2 protocol. Instead of retrieving each tile individually, the client issues a single push request to the server, so that all the required tiles are automatically pushed back to back. This approach allows to increase the achieved throughput, especially in mobile, high RTT networks. In this paper, we detail the proposed framework and present a prototype developed to test its performance using real-world 4G bandwidth traces. Particularly, our approach can save bandwidth up to 35% without severely impacting the quality viewed by the user, when compared to a traditional non-tiled VR streaming solution. Moreover, in high RTT conditions, our HTTP/2 approach can reach 3 times the throughput of tiled streaming over HTTP/1.1, and consistently reduce freeze time. These results represent a major improvement for the efficient delivery of 360° VR videos over the Internet.
Crosslinked Gels as Water Absorbents in Separations (1992)

A summary is presented of experimental and theoretical applications of hydrogels as water absorbents in separation operations.Proposed concentration schemes are described and briefly discussed.Fundamentals of gel chemistry, swelling, and selectivity are outlined.Published reports of experiments using swelling hydrogels for separations are reviewed.Theories to describe equilibrium gel swelling are presented and discussed.
Self-encapsulation of a drug-containing ionic liquid into mesoporous silica monoliths or nanoparticles by a sol–gel process (2016)

Mesoporous silica monoliths and nanospheres were obtained using the same ionic liquid acting as a templating agent and catalyst.
Kymatio: Scattering Transforms in Python (2018)

The wavelet scattering transform is an invariant signal representation\nsuitable for many signal processing and machine learning applications. We\npresent the Kymatio software package, an easy-to-use, high-performance Python\nimplementation of the scattering transform in 1D, 2D, and 3D that is compatible\nwith modern deep learning frameworks. All transforms may be executed on a GPU\n(in addition to CPU), offering a considerable speed up over CPU\nimplementations. The package also has a small memory footprint, resulting\ninefficient memory usage. The source code, documentation, and examples are\navailable undera BSD license at https://www.kymat.io/\n
Serotonin (5-HT) released by activated white blood cells in a biological fuel cell provide a potential energy source for electricity generation (2006)

Previous studies by our group have demonstrated the ability of white blood cells to generate small electrical currents, on the order of 1-3 microA/cm(2), when placed at the anode compartment of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) biological fuel cell. In this research study, an electrochemical technique is used to further investigate the electron transfer ability of activated white blood cells at interfacing electrodes in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of electron transfer in the original biological fuel cell experiments. Cyclic voltammograms were obtained for human white blood cells using a three-electrode system. The working and counter electrodes were made from carbon felt and platinum, respectively, while the reference was a saturated calomel electrode (SCE). Oxidation peaks were observed at an average potential of 363 mV vs. SCE for the PMA/ionomycin activated white blood cells in glucose solution. However a corresponding reduction peak was not observed, suggesting irreversibility of the redox reaction. The cyclic voltammograms recorded for the white blood cells bear very close similarities to those of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT). Serotonin released by white blood cells into the extracellular environment may be irreversibly oxidized at the working electrode in the cyclic voltammetry experiments and at the PEM biological fuel cell anode in our earlier electrochemical cell studies.
Modelling chloride and CO{sub 2} chemistry at the Wairakei geothermal field, New Zealand (1996)

The chloride and CO<sub>2</sub> chemistry at the Wairakei geothermal field, New Zealand has been modelled using an extended version of the geothermal simulator TOUGH2 which solves the equations for the transport of reacting chemical species in multi-phase fluids. Reactions involving the speciation of aqueous CO<sub>2</sub> to H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, are included in the model. Because CO<sub>2</sub> speciation in water is pH dependent, a reaction involving the most important weak acid buffer at Wairakei (H<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>) has also been included. A ‘Henry’s Law’ reaction expresses the equilibrium between the aqueous and vapour components of CO<sub>2</sub>. The chloride is treated as a conservative, non-reacting species which is present only in the liquid phase. Results from the model are compared with measured chloride and CO<sub>2</sub> data from Wairakei covering the period 1959 to 1987.
Repeating a Classic Set of Experiments on Size Effect in Shear of Members without Stirrups (2005)

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