gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentiating Functional Groups with the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDifferentiating Functional Groups with the Scanning Tunneling MicroscopeBhawani Venkataraman, George W. Flynn, James L. Wilbur, John P. Folkers, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 21, 8684–8689Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100021a038https://doi.org/10.1021/j100021a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views274Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Investigation of the use of electronic pre-distortion and MLSE equalization in long-haul transmission (2007)

The performance of an 11 Gbit/s NRZ transmission system over 1600 km utilizing electronic predistortion coupled with 2 sample/bit 32-state MLSE equalization is studied. We show that MLSE reduces the OSNR penalty in the linear and nonlinear regime. (2 pages)
Impact of different cell penetrating peptides on the efficacy of antisense therapeutics for targeting intracellular pathogens (2016)

There is a pressing need for novel and innovative therapeutic strategies to address infections caused by intracellular pathogens. Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) present a novel method to target intracellular pathogens due to their unique mechanism of action and their ability to be conjugated to cell penetrating peptides (CPP) to overcome challenging delivery barriers. In this study, we targeted the RNA polymerase α subunit (rpoA) using a PNA that was covalently conjugated to five different CPPs. Changing the conjugated CPP resulted in a pronounced improvement in the antibacterial activity observed against Listeria monocytogenes in vitro, in cell culture, and in a Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) infection model. Additionally, a time-kill assay revealed three conjugated CPPs rapidly kill Listeria within 20 minutes without disrupting the bacterial cell membrane. Moreover, rpoA gene silencing resulted in suppression of its message as well as reduced expression of other critical virulence genes (Listeriolysin O, and two phospholipases plcA and plcB) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, PNA-inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis was selective and did not adversely affect mitochondrial protein synthesis. This study provides a foundation for improving and developing PNAs conjugated to CPPs to better target intracellular pathogens.
Static Evaluation of Pedicle Screw Spinal Constructs to the ASTM Standard: A Comparison of Multiple Test Laboratories (2012)

Newly acquired mechanical test data along with predicate device data—sometimes from the designer's historical records—are a requisite part of the regulatory submission process for new pedicle screw spinal constructs. Several studies have compared the mechanical properties of various designs of these medical devices, which are commonly inserted during spinal fusion operations. However, a rigorous comparison of the results coming from different laboratories testing the same devices under controlled conditions has not been performed. Six different test labs performed a series of static bending compression and static torsion tests on identically prepared pedicle screw and rod test constructs (n = 5 for both tests). Sufficient data were acquired to uncover and understand differential interpretations of the methodology described in the standard test method ASTM F1717. For ultimate displacement in compressive bending, the mean values ranged between 47.64 mm and 71.64 mm, and every single laboratory's data were statistically significantly different from those of every other laboratory. Significant differences in the mean values carried through to the ultimate load data, but this trend did not continue for stiffness, yield displacement, yield load, and elastic displacement. For stiffness in static torsion, the mean values ranged between 0.38Nm/° and 1.07 Nm/°. There were statistically significant differences among some of the labs for some of the parameters, but no strict patterns emerged. This is likely due to methodological and interpretive differences among the labs, such as the depth of the clevis fixtures and the direction of rotation during torsion testing. These differences in the test labs' methodology have caused the ASTM subcommittees to clarify the standard so that fewer aspects are open for interpretation, but more work is needed. With appropriate refining of F1717 (and adherence to the new methodology by the test laboratories), test results from different laboratories would likely be more directly comparable than in the current situation.
Dynamic presentation of phrasally-based document abstractions (2003)

Summarisation technologies today work, in essence, by performing data reduction over the original document source. Document fragments, identified as particularly representative of content, are extracted and offered to the user. Typically, such fragments are sentence-sized, and the summary is nothing more than a concatenation of these sentences. We argue that, for content characterisation, phrasal units with certain discourse properties are more representative than sentences. From such a position, we outline a model of document content abstraction based on a notion of topically prominent topic stamps. For such abstractions to be useful, they need to retain contextual highlights of their occurrences in the documents; to be usable, they further need to be able to function as windows into the full documents, with suitably designed interfaces for navigation into areas of particular interest. This paper proposes a method for contextualizing document highlights, relates this to our model of salience-based content characterization, and demonstrates how the document abstractions derived from such principles facilitate dynamic document content presentation. We argue that dynamic document abstractions effectively mediate different levels of granularity analysis, from terse document highlights to fully contextualized foci of particular interest. We close by describing a range of dynamic document viewers which embody novel presentation metaphors for the delivery of document content.
Depth‐dependence of visual signals in the human superior colliculus at 9.4 T (2016)

The superior colliculus (SC) is a layered structure located in the midbrain. We exploited the improved spatial resolution and BOLD signal strength available at 9.4 T to investigate the depth profile of visual BOLD responses in the human SC based on distortion-corrected EPI data with a 1 mm isotropic resolution. We used high resolution (350 µm in-plane) anatomical images to determine regions-of-interest of the SC and applied a semi-automated method to segment it into superficial, intermediate, and deep zones. A greater than linear increase in sensitivity of the functional signal at 9.4 T allowed us to detect a statistically significant depth pattern in a group analysis with a 20 min stimulation paradigm. Descriptive data showed consistent depth profiles also in single individuals. The highest signals were localized to the superficial layers of the right and left SC during contralateral stimulation, which was in good agreement with its functional architecture known from non-human primates. This study thus demonstrates the potential of 9.4 T MRI for functional neuroimaging even in deeply located, particularly challenging brain structures such as the SC. Hum Brain Mapp 38:574-587, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Attenuation of host NO production by MAMPs potentiates development of the host in the squid-vibrio symbiosis (2010)

Bacterial pathogens typically upregulate the host's production of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) as antimicrobial agents, a response that is often mediated by microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) of the pathogen. In contrast, previous studies of the beneficial Euprymna scolopes/Vibrio fischeri symbiosis demonstrated that symbiont colonization results in attenuation of host NOS/NO, which occurs in high levels in hatchling light organs. Here, we sought to determine whether V. fischeri MAMPs, specifically lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the peptidoglycan derivative tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), attenuate NOS/NO, and whether this activity mediates the MAMPs-induced light organ morphogenesis. Using confocal microscopy, we characterized levels of NOS with immunocytochemistry and NO with a NO-specific fluorochrome. When added exogenously to seawater containing hatchling animals, V. fischeri LPS and TCT together, but not individually, induced normal NOS/NO attenuation. Further, V. fischeri mutants defective in TCT release did not. Experiments with NOS inhibitors and NO donors provided evidence that NO mediates apoptosis and morphogenesis associated with symbiont colonization. Attenuation of NOS/NO by LPS and TCT in the squid-vibrio symbiosis provides another example of how the host's response to MAMPs depends on the context. These data also provide a mechanism by which symbiont MAMPs regulate host development.
Efficiency evaluation of a-Si and c-Si solar cells for outdoor use (1996)

We have achieved the world's highest stabilized efficiency of 8.9% for an a-Si single-junction solar cell (1 cm/sup 2/) and 10.6% for an a-Si/a-SiGe tandem solar cell (1 cm/sup 2/). To apply these results to practical outdoor power use, the annual output power of a-Si single-junction (a-Si) and tandem (a-Si/a-Si) solar cells and a crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell was calculated based on annual meteorological data and the solar spectrum in Tokyo, Japan, including the effect of the output power dependence on temperature, incident irradiance and solar spectrum. As a result, this simulation revealed that the annual change of efficiency for the c-Si solar cell is most affected by the solar spectrum among the three types of solar cells, and the annual fluctuations of the a-Si and a-Si/a-Si solar cells are mostly caused by recovery by the annealing effect.
Carbon monoxide overproduced by heme oxygenase-1 causes a reduction of vascular resistance in perfused rat liver (1999)

This study aimed to examine whether livers overexpressing heme oxygenase (HO)-1 could alter the vascular resistance through the vasorelaxing action of carbon monoxide (CO). The relationship among HO-1 expression, CO generation, and the vascular resistance was assessed in perfused rat livers pretreated with hemin, an inducer of HO-1. At 18 h after the hemin treatment, livers displayed marked increases in HO-1 expression in hepatocytes and venous CO flux and a reduction of the basal resistance. The reduction of the resistance in hemin-treated livers was canceled by administration of oxyhemoglobin, a reagent trapping both CO and nitric oxide (NO), but not by methemoglobin, which captures NO but not CO. Liposome-encapsulated oxyhemoglobin, which cannot access the space of Disse, did not cause vasoconstriction. Furthermore, these livers became less sensitive to endothelin-1, a vasoconstrictive peptide, than the untreated controls through mechanisms involving CO. On the other hand, at 12 or 24 h after the treatment when the HO-1 induction was not accompanied by CO overproduction, neither a decrease in the basal resistance nor vascular hyporeactivity to endothelin-1 was observed. These results suggest that CO overproduced in the extrasinusoidal compartment is a determinant of the HO-1-mediated vasorelaxation in the liver.
The timing of gamma irradiation and its effect on cell‐free and microvesicle‐bound hemoglobin. The BEST collaborative study (2022)

Our findings indicate that irradiation timing can alter the state of extracellular Hb, with "early" irradiation promoting an increased proportion of cell-free Hb as well as mechanical damage to the RBC membrane.
INTERNATIONAL TEXT IN JDK 1.2 (2000)

Aprimary design goal of Java is to enable developers to write software that can be deployed easily across a variety of world markets—these markets use very different languages and writing systems. To be acceptable in these markets, you must be able to present text in a way that conforms to the rules of their writing systems.
Two-Stage Non-Regenerative Silica Gel-Water Adsorption Refrigeration Cycle (2000)

Abstract Over the past two decades there have been considerable efforts to use adsorption (solid/vapor) for cooling and heat pump applications, but intensified efforts were initiated only since the imposition of international restrictions on the production and use of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) and HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons). Closed-type, conventional adsorption refrigeration and heat pump systems have an increasing market share in Japan. In this paper, a two-stage non-regenerative, silica gel-water adsorption chiller design is outlined. Experimental measurements are performed on a prototype of a 3.5 kW rated cooling capacity adsorption heat pump in order to determine its performance under different operating temperatures (hot, cooling and chilled water). The chiller performance is analyzed in terms of cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP). The main innovative feature in the two-stage adsorption chiller is the ability to utilize low-temperature waste heat (∼55°C) as the driving source with a cooling source of 30°C. The technological difficulty inherent in operating a thermally activated cycle with such a small regenerating temperature lift (temperature difference between heat source and heat sink inlets) is overcome by use of a two-stage cycle.
Phase I Clinical Evaluation of Carboplatin in Tumor-Bearing Cats: A Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group Study (2008)

The dose of carboplatin recommended to treat tumor-bearing cats is 240 mg/m(2) IV every 3-4 weeks.
Polyaniline‐Based Conducting Polymer Compositions with a High Work Function for Hole‐Injection Layers in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: Formation of Ohmic Contacts (2011)

It is a great challenge to develop solution-processed, polymeric hole-injection layers (HILs) that perform better than small molecular layers for realizing high-performance small-molecule organic light-emitting diodes (SM-OLEDs). We have greatly improved the injection efficiency and the current efficiency of SM-OLEDs by introducing conducting polymer compositions composed of polyaniline doped with polystyrene sulfonate and perfluorinated ionomer (PFI) as the HIL. During single spin-coating of conducting polymer compositions, the PFI layer was self-organized at the surface and greatly increased the film work function. It enhanced hole-injection efficiency and current efficiency by introducing a nearly ohmic contact and improving electron blocking. Our results demonstrate that solution-processed polyaniline HILs with tunable work functions are good candidates for reducing process costs and improving OLED performance.
Innate Synchronous Oscillations in Freely-Organized Small Neuronal Circuits (2010)

The nature of the activity patterns observed in small networks, namely the consistent emergence of similar activity across networks of different size and morphology, suggests that neuronal clusters self-regulate their activity to sustain network bursts with internal oscillatory features. We therefore suggest that clusters of as few as tens of cells can serve as a minimal but sufficient functional network, capable of sustaining oscillatory activity. Interestingly, the frequencies of these oscillations are similar those observed in vivo.
Optimisation of porcine oocyte activation following nuclear transfer (2000)

Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of (a) different activation methods, (b) incubation time in calcium-free medium and (c) bisbenzimide staining on the activation and subsequent development of pig oocytes. Oocytes were matured in vitro and activated by one of the following methods: combined thimerosal/dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment, calcium ionophore A23187 treatment followed by incubation in the presence of 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP), electroporation, and electroporation followed by incubation with cytochalasin B. There were no significant differences in the activation rate (ranging from 70.0% to 88.3%) and the percentage of cleaved embryos after activation (ranging between 48.8% and 58.8%) among the four treatment groups (p < 0.05). The rate of development of the blastocyst stage in oocytes activated by thimerosal/DTT (10.0%) or electroporation followed by cytochalasin B treatment (12.3%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the group activated with A23187/6-DMAP (2.5%). Both the activation rate and the rate of blastocyst formation in oocytes that were incubated in Ca(2+)-free medium for 8 h before thimerosal/DTT activation were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in those incubated for 0, 1 or 4 h. Intracellular Ca2+ measurements revealed that the Ca2+ homeostasis in these oocytes were severely altered. Staining of oocytes with 5 micrograms/ml bisbenzimide for 2 h decreased the quality of blastocysts and increased the rate of degenerated embryos at day 6. Two activation protocols (thimerosal/DTT and electroproation) were used for activation after nuclear transfer; the rate of nuclear formation did not differ in the oocytes activated by the two different methods.
Data from PPP2R2C Loss Promotes Castration-Resistance and Is Associated with Increased Prostate Cancer-Specific Mortality (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Metastatic prostate cancers generally rely on androgen receptor (AR) signaling for growth and survival, even following systemic androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). However, recent evidence suggests that some advanced prostate cancers escape ADT by using signaling programs and growth factors that bypass canonical AR ligand-mediated mechanisms. We used an &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; high-throughput RNA interference (RNAi) screen to identify pathways in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines whose loss-of-function promotes androgen ligand-independent growth. We identified 40 genes where knockdown promoted proliferation of both LNCaP and VCaP prostate cancer cells in the absence of androgen. Of these, 14 were downregulated in primary and metastatic prostate cancer, including two subunits of the protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) holoenzyme complex: PPP2R1A, a structural subunit with known tumor-suppressor properties in several tumor types; and PPP2R2C, a PP2A substrate-binding regulatory subunit that has not been previously identified as a tumor suppressor. We show that loss of PPP2R2C promotes androgen ligand depletion-resistant prostate cancer growth without altering AR expression or canonical AR-regulated gene expression. Furthermore, cell proliferation induced by PPP2R2C loss was not inhibited by the AR antagonist MDV3100, indicating that PPP2R2C loss may promote growth independently of known AR-mediated transcriptional programs. Immunohistochemical analysis of PPP2R2C protein levels in primary prostate tumors determined that low PPP2R2C expression significantly associated with an increased likelihood of cancer recurrence and cancer-specific mortality. These findings provide insights into mechanisms by which prostate cancers resist AR-pathway suppression and support inhibiting PPP2R2C complexes or the growth pathway(s) activated by PPP2R2C as a therapeutic strategy. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Res; 11(6); 568–78. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Digitally Controlled Current-Mode DC–DC Converter IC (2010)

The main focus of this paper is the implementation of mixed-signal peak current mode control in low-power dc-dc converters for portable applications. A DAC is used to link the digital voltage loop compensator to the analog peak current mode loop. Conventional DAC architectures, such as flash or ΔΣ are not suitable due to excessive power consumption and limited bandwidth of the reconstruction filter, respectively. The charge-pump based DAC (CP-DAC) used in this work has relatively poor linearity compared to more expensive DAC topologies; however, this can be tolerated since the linearity has a minor effect on the converter dynamics as long as the limit-cycle conditions are met. The CP-DAC has a guaranteed monotonic behavior from the digital current command to the peak inductor current, which is essential for maintaining stability. A buck converter IC, which was fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process with 5 V compatible transistors, achieves a response time of 4 μs at <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fs</i> =3 MHz and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> =1 V, for a 200 mA load-step. The active area of the controller is only 0.077 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and the total controller current-draw, which is heavily dominated by the on-chip senseFET current-sensor, is below 250 μA for a load current of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> =50 mA.
Non-invasive evaluation of cardiac repolarization in mice exposed to single-wall carbon nanotubes and ceria nanoparticles via intratracheal instillation (2016)

A novel method is proposed for non-invasive determination of cardiovascular toxicity due to ceria nanoparticles and single-wall carbon nanotubes from intratracheal instillation in mice.
Monolithic surface micromachined fluidic devices for dielectrophoretic preconcentration and routing of particles (2006)

We describe a batch fabrication process for producing encapsulated monolithic microfluidic structures. The process relies on sacrificial layers of silicon oxide to produce surface micromachined fluid channels. Bulk micromachined interconnects provide an interface between the microchannels and meso-scale fluidics. The full integration of the fabrication processing significantly increases device reproducibility and reduces long-term costs. The design and fabrication of dielectrophoresis (DEP) gating structures configured in both batch-flow and continuous-flow modes are detailed. Highly efficient microparticle preconcentration (up to ∼100× in 100 s) and valving (97% particle routing efficiency) are demonstrated using ac DEP and an accompanying phase separation. The low aspect-ratio fluid channels with integrated microelectrodes are well suited for µm and sub-µm particle manipulation with electric fields.