gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving power delivery network design by practical methodologies (2014)

There are many works on the power network design and prototyping for digital designs, however some usual and practical design concerns are not addressed. In this work, we present a realistic power network design methodology without IR violation certified by state-of-the-art commercial tool. Our work integrates analysis, optimization and synthesis of power network. In particular, we consider thermal effect and power pad's positions during the prototyping of power network. A scenario in placement regarding the violation of design rules is considered and resolved by maximum flow algorithm at the same stage. After the synthesis of initial power network, we generate a sensitivity matrix which is correlated with nodal voltage and resistances of net and via in metal layers. Furthermore, a Sequential Linear Programming(SLP) will be applied to adjust the sensitivity matrix iteratively until the IR drop constraint is satisfied. Our work is experimented on a real design in TSMC 65nm LP process, and the result validates our framework that the IR-Drop can be reduced to 2% of supply voltage.
Simultaneous detection ofSalmonella enterica,Escherichia coliandListeria monocytogenesin food using a light scattering sensor (2019)

This innovative SELA-BARDOT detection platform can reduce turnaround time and economic burden on food industries by offering a label-free, noninvasive on-plate multipathogen screening technology for reducing microbial food safety and public health concerns.
Noise properties of asymmetrically recessed InP-based HEMTs for low-noise amplifiers (2011)

Low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) need appropriate transistors to operate with high performance; i.e., the first-stage amplifier in the LNAs requires low-noise property, in particular, and the succeeding stages require high gain with high breakdown voltage. In this study, we proposed InP-base HEMTs with an asymmetric gate-recess structure for high-gain amplifiers with a low noise figure. A gate-drain spacing (L rd ) of around 100 nm in the gate-recess region was suitable for first-stage amplifiers. Furthermore, a large L rd of 250 nm was suitable for obtaining high gain in the succeeding stages.
The Endocytotic-Internalization Pathway of Insulin Metabolism: Relationship to Insulin Degradation and Activation of Glucose Transport* (1980)

The relationship between receptor-mediated internalization of [125I]insulin and the process of intracellular degradation of insulin and activation of glucose transport was studied using isolated rat adipocytes. After an initial 5- to 10-min lag period, insulin was rapidly internalized at a linear rate for the first 30 min, but began to plateau at later times. To estimate how much insulin was internalized, chloroquine-treated cells were incubated at 16 C with [125I]insulin, washed to remove all unbound insulin, and warmed to 37 C to initiate endocytosis. Using this approach, it was calculated that between 16–32% of initially bound [125I]insulin was endocytosed. Internalized [125I]insulin in chloroquine-treated cells was subsequently released with a t½ of approximately 2.5 h. When receptor-bound [125I]insulin was the only substrate for insulin degradation, it was found that adipocytes internalized and degraded insulin, and degradation products rapidly accumulated in the buffer for the first 30 min, by which time 91% of the previously bound counts dissociated. To determine whether the endocytotic-internalization pathway of insulin metabolism mediates insulin's acute biological effects, we inhibited endocytosis by low temperature and inhibited intracellular degradation by chloroquine treatment, and determined insulin's ability to activate the glucose transport system. The results from these studies indicated that neither insulin internalization nor degradation is necessary for insulinstimulated glucose transport. In summary, the data are consistent with the following conclusions. 1) Receptor-bound insulin is degraded intracellularly, presumably within lysosomes, and the degraded products are rapidly released from the cell. 2) Degradation of insulin by the endocytotic-internalization pathway, from endocytosis to the release of degraded insulin, occurs within 15 min or less. 3) The insulin-lysosomal pathway is not involved in activation of glucose transport.
Disease-Free Survival According to Degree of HER2 Amplification for Patients Treated With Adjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without 1 Year of Trastuzumab: The HERA Trial (2009)

There was no evidence for reduced benefit of trastuzumab in HER2 IHC2+FISH+ cases. The degree of HER2 amplification does not influence prognosis or benefit from adjuvant trastuzumab in patients treated with prior adjuvant chemotherapy.
Phase II Clinical Trial of Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (JNS002) in Japanese Patients with Mullerian Carcinoma (Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma, Primary Carcinoma of Fallopian Tube, Peritoneal Carcinoma) Having a Therapeutic History of Platinum-based Chemotherapy: A Phase II Study of the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (2008)

We confirmed that a 50 mg/m(2) every 4 weeks regimen of PLD was active in Japanese patients with Müllerian carcinoma having a therapeutic history of platinum-based chemotherapy and toxicity was manageable by dose modification of PLD or supportive care.
Coherent Receiver Enabling Data Rate Adaptive Optical Packet Networks (2011)

We propose and demonstrate a rate adaptive burst mode coherent receiver with ultra fast convergence time. We propose the concept of data rate adaptive optical packet networks and show its network advantages in terms of queuing delay reduction.
Exploiting the Directional Features in MPEG-2 for H.264 (2006)

This paper presents an MPEG-2 to H.264 intra frame video transcoder. The DCT coefficients gathered from the MPEG-2 process are used to estimate the directional features in a picture. The estimated directional features are then used to compute the intra prediction modes in the H.264 encoding stage. The INTRA16x16 vs. INTRA4x4 MB coding mode decision is made based on the variance of the DC coefficients of the 8x8 DCT blocks in the input MPEG-2 video. The proposed approach completely avoids the MB mode and prediction mode computations in the H.264 encoding stage, there by reducing the transcoder complexity substantially. The results show that our approach results in over 30% drop in the intra frame encoding time with a negligible drop in PSNR. A comparison with a cascaded reference transcoder is presented. 1
Transformation ofBacillus amyloliquefaciensprotoplasts with plasmid DNA (1988)

A method for efficient polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens protoplasts with plasmid DNA is described. The best conditions found for protoplast regeneration included using 0.45 M sucrose both during the cultivation of the cells and (as an osmotic stabilizer) during their treatment with lysozyme, whereas 0.25 M sodium-succinate was added to the regeneration plates. Under these conditions about 5–10% of input cells regenerated. The highest transformation frequency with plasmid DNA was obtained with a PEG 6000 concentration of 22.5% (w/v). Transforming B. amyloliquefaciens strains with the plasmid pUB110 isolated from B. amyloliquefaciens resulted in 2–4 · 105 transformants/µg DNA, 100–1 000-times as high as with DNA from Bacillus subtilis, suggesting a restriction barrier between the two species. Transformation of B. amyloliquefaciens with plasmids pC194 or pE194 cop-6 gave poor yields and no restriction barrier could be demonstrated for these plasmids. However, by curing pC194 from one of the transformants, a mutant strain compatible to both the plasmids could be isolated, yielding 2–3·104 transformants/µg DNA. Both laboratory and industrial B. amyloliquefaciens strains could be transformed with the procedure.
Gene therapy in cardiovascular medicine as new pharmacological therapy. (2002)

Gene therapy is emerging as a potential strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, for which no known effective therapy exists. The first human trial in cardiovascular disease was started in 1994 to treat peripheral vascular disease using VEGF. Since then, at least 5 different potent angiogenic growth factors has been tested in clinical trials to treat peripheral arterial disease. In addition, therapeutic angiogenesis using VEGF gene was applied to treat ischemic heart disease. Results from these clinical trials seems to be more than expected. Improvement of clinical symptoms in peripheral arterial disease or ischemic heart disease has been reported. In this review, we have focused on the future potential of gene therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease as a new pharmacological therapy.
Development and validation of a biologically realistic tissue-mimicking material for photoacoustics and other bimodal optical-acoustic modalities (2017)

Recent years have seen rapid development of hybrid optical-acoustic imaging modalities with broad applications in research and clinical imaging, including photoacoustic tomography (PAT), photoacoustic microscopy, and ultrasound-modulated optical tomography. Tissue-mimicking phantoms are an important tool for objectively and quantitatively simulating in vivo imaging system performance. However, no standard tissue phantoms exist for such systems. One major challenge is the development of tissue-mimicking materials (TMMs) that are both highly stable and possess biologically realistic properties. To address this need, we have explored the use of various formulations of PVC plastisol (PVCP) based on varying mixtures of several liquid plasticizers. We developed a custom PVCP formulation with optical absorption and scattering coefficients, speed of sound, and acoustic attenuation that are tunable and tissue-relevant. This TMM can simulate different tissue compositions and offers greater mechanical strength than hydrogels. Optical properties of PVCP samples with varying composition were characterized using integrating sphere spectrophotometry and the inverse adding-doubling method. Acoustic properties were determined using a broadband pulse-transmission technique. To demonstrate the utility of this bimodal TMM, we constructed an image quality phantom designed to enable quantitative evaluation of PAT spatial resolution. The phantom was imaged using a custom combined PAT-ultrasound imaging system. Results indicated that this more biologically realistic TMM produced performance trends not captured in simpler liquid phantoms. In the future, this TMM may be broadly utilized for performance evaluation of optical, acoustic, and hybrid optical-acoustic imaging systems.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis, Structure, and Anticancer Activity of cis‐ and trans‐4′,7‐Dihydroxyisoflavan‐4‐ols. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Carbon nanotube responsive materials and applications (2015)

AccessScience is an authoritative and dynamic online resource that contains incisively written, high-quality educational material covering all major scientific disciplines. An acclaimed gateway to scientific knowledge, AccessScience is continually expanding the ways it can demonstrate and explain core, trustworthy scientific information that inspires and guides users to deeper knowledge.
The Processability, Electrical and Mechanical Properties of EMI Shielding ABS Composites (1993)

Conducting composite materials based on acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) compounded with conductive fillers, i.e. carbon black and aluminium flakes were prepared. The effectiveness of such composite materials with regard to shielding against electromagnetic interference (EMI) was studied, and the relationships among electrical conductivity, processability and mechanical properties were explored. Effects of modifying the filler surface with coupling agents on various properties were also investigated. Results show that the threshold for conductivity is about 5 vol% (20wt%) of conductive carbon black or 5 – 10 vol% (20–40wt%) of Al-flake in composites. The most optimised shielding effectiveness reaching 25dB and 30 dB when the ABS matrix contains 20 wt% of carbon black or 40 wt% of Al-flake. This performance is comparable with that of 1 mm thickness of copper sheet, or that of nickel coating. In addition, both mechanical and rheological properties of the conductive composites were studied.
Temperature dependence of the Raman spectra of single-wall carbon nanotubes (2000)

Raman spectra of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were measured at different temperatures by varying the incident laser power. The elevated temperature of the SWCNTs and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is confirmed to be due to the presence of impurities, defects, and disorder. The temperature coefficient of the frequency of the C–C stretching mode E2g (GM) and that of the radial breathing mode in the SWCNT were determined to be ∼−0.038 and ∼−0.013 cm−1/K, respectively. It is found that the temperature coefficient of the GM in the SWCNT is larger than that of the MWCNT, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, and the graphite. This is attributed to the structural characteristic of the SWCNT—a single tubular carbon sheet with smaller diameter.
HER2 testing for breast carcinoma: recommendations for rapid diagnostic pathways in clinical practice (2013)

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing is required for newly diagnosed breast cancer and advised for recurrent and metastatic breast cancer, to determine treatment planning using HER2-directed therapy in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant and advanced disease settings. Wide variation, nationally, in the turnaround time for HER2 testing may hinder equity of access for patients to both clinical trials and the timely implementation of HER2-directed therapy particularly in the neo-adjuvant setting. Process mapping from three recognised laboratories in the UK was applied to the logistics of HER2 testing in different geographic hub and spoke models. Consequently, recommendations for HER2 testing likely to facilitate access to clinical trials and timely patient care are presented.
A Negotiation Framework for Negotiation of Coalition Policies (2010)

There have been many proposed approaches to performing negotiation in terms of the negotiation procedure, the implementation of agreement, the interactions of software agents representing the different organizations, cooperation among agents, etc. However, one cannot determine a best single approach as it highly depends on the specific application and usage scenario, as well as the needs and goals of the participants. For instance, in some situations, reaching a near pareto-optimal solution is desirable even though it requires that an exhaustive search on all attributes must be performed. In other situations, time might be more valuable and therefore reaching an agreement in a timely manner might have a higher priority. In order to address many different types of negotiation goals and scenarios, there is a need for a flexible negotiation system that can incorporate various alternatives and that is easily extensible and configurable. In this paper, we provide a generic negotiation system that can support many types of negotiation protocols. The proposed system acts as a third party that facilitates the negotiation process between multiple entities and allows them to choose a common negotiation goal and a desired negotiation protocol. We will provide a demonstration of the tool at the conference.
Epitaxial magnetic tunnel junctions with a low barrier height spinel MgGa<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> (2017)

MgO barrier based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) have drawn great attention because of their important spintronic device applications such as read heads of hard disk drives and non-volatile magnetoresistive random access memories (MRAMs). This study also demonstrates that spinel oxides give the possibility to tune their barrier heights as coherent barriers of MTJs.
Reducing the acquisition time in a single sensor passive millimetre wave (PMMW) imaging system utilizing compressive sensing (2011)

Single sensor passive millimetre wave (PMMW) imaging systems typically suffer from long acquisition times, which inhibit their utilization in some security applications (i.e. concealed weapons detection systems) where real time operation is required. This is inherent to the physical principle behind the system, where the achievable temperature resolution and the integration time are inversely proportional to each other. The longer the sensor can collect (and integrate) energy radiated by the scene at each position, the finer the temperature resolution becomes. Reducing the integration time without degrading the temperature resolution can be achieved by increasing the bandwidth of the radiometer, but this is possible only up to certain limits. We propose to reduce the acquisition time in such a single sensor, by combining the recent theory of compressive sensing with special sparse trajectories, designed to achieve the level of incoherence that the theory of compressive sensing requires to successfully recover the image. Another alternative proposal is to sample all the pixels in the scene, but for each pixel, the integration time is randomly selected from a pool of discrete possible values. The radiometric image is then reconstructed by combining the images obtained from the individual application of compressive sensing to each group of pixels having the same integration time. For demonstration purposes, a single pixel PMMW imaging simulator has been implemented in Matlab/Simulink, which includes a configurable radiometric scene generator. The paper presents results from simulated radiometric scenes at 140GHz acquired with the proposed sparse trajectories and recovered using compressive sensing. The results show that savings in acquisition times between 50% and 70% are possible while maintaining the required temperature resolution.
Cylindradines A and B: Novel Bromopyrrole Alkaloids from the Marine Sponge Axinella cylindratus (2008)

The novel alkaloids cylindradines A and B were isolated from Axinella cylindratus, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Stereochemistries of these compounds were determined by X-ray analysis. Cylindradines showed moderate inhibitory activity against the murine leukemia cell line P388.
High rejection filters for 5 GHz concurrent dual-radio WiFi (2012)

This paper deals with the design of a high rejection microwave notch filters using a low cost planar technology. Thanks to these filters, it is possible to use concurrently in the same device two radios both operating in the 5 GHz WiFi band. The proposed filter topology, based on properly cascading embedded open-circuited stub resonators, shows a good behavior in terms of steepness and out of band response in spite of its relative compactness. Measured performances of a realized diplexer using the designed filters showed interesting results in agreement with simulations.
Aryl-alkyl-lysines: Membrane-Active Fungicides That Act against Biofilms of Candida albicans (2017)

Mortality due to pathogenic fungi has been exacerbated by the rapid development of resistance to frontline antifungal drugs. Fungicidal compounds with novel mechanisms of action are urgently needed. Aryl-alkyl-lysines, which are membrane-active small molecules, were earlier shown to be broad-spectrum antibacterial agents with potency in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we report the antifungal properties of aryl-alkyl-lysines. After identifying the most active compound (NCK-10), we tested its activity against a panel of clinically relevant pathogenic fungi and examined NCK-10's effect against immature and mature biofilms of Candida albicans. NCK-10 was capable of inhibiting the growth of various species of fungi (including Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., and Aspergillus fumigatus) at concentrations similar to those of antifungal drugs used clinically. It was observed that polarization and permeability of the fungal cell membrane were compromised upon addition of NCK-10, indicating its mechanism is disruption of the fungal cell membrane. In addition to interfering with the growth of planktonic fungi, NCK-10 demonstrated the ability to both inhibit biofilm formation and reduce the metabolic activity of cells in C. albicans biofilm. Additionally, our compound was capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier in an in vitro model, expanding the potential antifungal applications for NCK-10. Overall, aryl-alkyl-lysines were found to be excellent compounds that warrant further investigation as novel antifungal agents.
Polysaccharide Hydrogels Support the Long-Term Viability of Encapsulated Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Ability to Secrete Immunomodulatory Factors (2017)

While therapeutically interesting, the injection of MSCs suffers major limitations including cell death upon injection and a massive leakage outside the injection site. We proposed to entrap MSCs within spherical particles derived from alginate, as a control, or from silanized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Si-HPMC). We developed water in an oil dispersion method to produce small Si-HPMC particles with an average size of about 68 <i>μ</i>m. We evidenced a faster diffusion of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran in Si-HPMC particles than in alginate ones. Human adipose-derived MSCs (hASC) were encapsulated either in alginate or in Si-HPMC, and the cellularized particles were cultured for up to 1 month. Both alginate and Si-HPMC particles supported cell survival, and the average number of encapsulated hASC per alginate and Si-HPMC particle (7102 and 5100, resp.) did not significantly change. The stimulation of encapsulated hASC with proinflammatory cytokines resulted in the production of IDO, PGE<sub>2</sub>, and HGF whose concentration was always higher when cells were encapsulated in Si-HPMC particles than in alginate ones. We have demonstrated that Si-HPMC and alginate particles support hASC viability and the maintenance of their ability to secrete therapeutic factors.
Market stability: backward‐bending supply in a laboratory experimental market. 1999 Presidential address Western Economic Association (2000)

This article investigates the stability properties of markets with backward‐bending supply curves. Parameters are chosen so that the two classic models of price dynamics, the Walrasian model and the Marshallian model, give opposite predictions. The results are (1) market instability can be observed, and (2) in the backward‐bending case stability is captured by the Walrasian model and the Marshallian model of dynamics is rejected. Previous experiments have demonstrated that the Marshallian model works in the forward‐falling case. Thus, which theory of dynamics is appropriate for a market depends on the underlying reasons for demand and supply shapes.
Depletion of intracellular zinc increases expression of tumorigenic cytokines VEGF, IL‐6 and IL‐8 in prostate cancer cells via NF‐κB‐dependent pathway (2008)

Our findings suggest that zinc deficiency may contribute to the tumor progression via augmented expression of the NF-kappaB-dependent pro-tumorigenic cytokines.