gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Special Topic on Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors (2020)

The tunneling field-effect transistor (T-FET) is considered a future transistor option due to its steep-slope prospects and the resulting advantages in operating at low supply voltage ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm {DD}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ). Reducing supply voltage while keeping a low leakage current and a reasonably high ON-current is critical for minimizing energy consumption and continue Moore’s law by helping with energy efficiency of computing. The thermal limit of the MOSFET transistor subthreshold swing (SS) restricts lowering its threshold voltage ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), causing significant performance degradation at low <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm {DD}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . A T-FET’s SS is not limited by this thermal tail and may perform better at low <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm {DD}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> .
Long-Term follow-up of Lamivudine Treatment in Patients with Severe Acute Exacerbation of Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg)-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B (2008)

Among patients with severe acute exacerbation of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B treated with lamivudine, virological breakthrough and post-treatment relapse are common despite a high rate of HBeAg seroconversion. Severe hepatitis flare is also common particularly among patients developing virological relapse after discontinuation of lamivudine.
Electroformed off-axis toroidal aspheric three-mirror anastigmat multispectral imaging system (2014)

A lightweight, single-aperture, and multispectral imaging system operating from visible to long wavelength infrared has been manufactured and tested based on an innovative three-mirror anastigmat optical design. The complex off-axis aspherical toroidal mirrors of the optics have been obtained by electroforming replication from masters having a shape opposite to the mirror shape and manufactured as stand-alone parts by using five-axis single-point diamond turning. The technology is extendible to full free-form optics without any process modification enabling affordability of complex optics since multiple identical copies of the mirrors can be produced from each master. Moreover, thin (∼1 mm ) electroformed mirrors keep the imaging system mass less than 3 kg . With an effective focal length of 136 mm, the system is suitable for airborne surveillance applications and provides a full aperture F/# of 1.4, a field of view of 4.3×3.1 deg , and a nominal contrast better than 75% in the visible waveband at 25 cycles/mm . A beam splitter can be accommodated to provide two separated channels for two or more spectral wavebands. Stray light and thermostructural design has been performed to comply with airborne applications. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the technology, although process improvements are required to reach the extremely demanding theoretical performance of the optical design.
Overexpression of Insulin Receptors in Fibroblast and Ovary Cells Induces a Ligand-Mediated Transformed Phenotype (1991)

To investigate whether overexpression of the insulin receptor results in altered cell growth we used NIH 3T3 cells transfected with a bovine papilloma virus/insulin receptor cDNA construct (3T3/HIR). These cells expressed high numbers of insulin receptors (mean +/- sd, 631.0 +/- 16.7 ng receptors/10(6) cells). Insulin significantly stimulated the growth of 3T3/HIR cells maintained in serum-free medium. Moreover, in these cells, insulin induced marked phenotypic changes, including alterations in cell shape, loss of contact inhibition, and focal growth. In contrast to 3T3/HIR cells, insulin was without effect in either wild-type 3T3 cells (3T3/wt), 3T3 cells transfected with the neomycin resistance gene (3T3/NEO), or the bovine papilloma virus (3T3/BPV). To assess the presence of anchorage-independent growth, cells were seeded in soft agar and inspected for colony formation. 3T3/HIR cells showed absent or minimal colony growth in the absence of insulin. However, there was a dose-dependent insulin-stimulated increase in both colony size and number. Insulin-stimulated colony formation was specifically inhibited by an insulin antagonist, monoclonal antibody MA-10. In the presence of 100 nM insulin, about 3% of cells formed large colonies. Insulin neither stimulated growth nor induced colony formation in 3T3/wt cells or 3T3/NEO cells. Insulin also stimulated colony formation in CHO cells transfected with an insulin receptor cDNA construct. In conclusion, overexpression of normal insulin receptors induces a ligand-dependent transformed phenotype. This phenomenon may have clinical relevance by conferring a selective growth advantage to tumor cells with high numbers of insulin receptors.
Understanding Document Aboutness Step One: Identifying Salient Entities (2013)

We propose a system that determines the salience of entities within web documents. Many recent advances in commercial search engines leverage the identification of entities in web pages. However, for many pages, only a small subset of entities are important, or central, to the document, which can lead to degraded relevance for entity triggered experiences. We address this problem by devising a system that scores each entity on a web page according to its centrality to the page content. We propose salience classification functions that incorporate various cues from document content, web search logs, and a large web graph. To cost-effectively train the models, we introduce a novel soft labeling methodology that generates a set of annotations based on user behaviors observed in web search logs. We evaluate several variations of our model via a large-scale empirical study conducted over a test set, which we release publicly to the research community. We demonstrate that our methods significantly outperform competitive baselines and the previous state of the art, while keeping the human annotation cost to a minimum.
Mitochondria-localized AMPK responds to local energetics and contributes to exercise and energetic stress-induced mitophagy (2021)

Mitochondria form a complex, interconnected reticulum that is maintained through coordination among biogenesis, dynamic fission, and fusion and mitophagy, which are initiated in response to various cues to maintain energetic homeostasis. These cellular events, which make up mitochondrial quality control, act with remarkable spatial precision, but what governs such spatial specificity is poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate that specific isoforms of the cellular bioenergetic sensor, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα1/α2/β2/γ1), are localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane, referred to as mitoAMPK, in various tissues in mice and humans. Activation of mitoAMPK varies across the reticulum in response to energetic stress, and inhibition of mitoAMPK activity attenuates exercise-induced mitophagy in skeletal muscle in vivo. Discovery of a mitochondrial pool of AMPK and its local importance for mitochondrial quality control underscores the complexity of sensing cellular energetics in vivo that has implications for targeting mitochondrial energetics for disease treatment.
Nonlinear atomic spectroscopy of flames (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonlinear atomic spectroscopy of flamesBruce K. Winker and John C. WrightCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 23, 2599–2608Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00174a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00174a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Performance Polyimide-Based Water-Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Hydropower Harvesting (2021)

This is the accepted manuscript version of the work published in its final form as Tang, N., Zheng, Y., Yuan, M., Jin, K., &amp; Haick, H. (2021). <em>High-Performance Polyimide-Based WaterSolid Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Hydropower Harvesting</em>. ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces, <em>13</em>(27), 32106-32114. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c06330. Deposited by shareyourpaper.org and openaccessbutton.org. We've taken reasonable steps to ensure this content doesn't violate copyright. However, if you think it does you can request a takedown by emailing help@openaccessbutton.org.
Effectiveness of a Decision Aid in Potentially Vulnerable Patients: A Secondary Analysis of the Chest Pain Choice Multicenter Randomized Trial (2017)

CPC benefited all sociodemographic groups to a similar extent, with greater knowledge transfer in patients with higher numeracy and greater physician trust in patients with "low" health literacy. Tailoring SDM interventions to patient characteristics may be necessary for optimal effectiveness.
Linearly polarized emission from self-assembled microstructures of mesogenic polythiophenes (2014)

Polarized electroluminescence from ordered mesogenic polythiophenes.
Analysis and Evaluation of Active/Hybrid/Passive dv/dt-Filter Concepts for Next Generation SiC-Based Variable Speed Drive Inverter Systems (2020)

State-of-the-art variable speed drive inverter systems are typically employing 1200 V Si IGBTs with antiparallel freewheeling diodes, resulting in a large overall semiconductor chip area, relatively high switching losses and/or low switching frequencies, and causing a substantial on-state voltage drop in both current directions, which inherently limits the peak and part-load efficiency. SiC MOSFETs are seen as natural future replacement of Si IGBTs, since they benefit from high switching speeds and low on-state resistances, which drastically reduces switching and conduction losses. However, the high switching speed of SiC devices results in a dv/dt-stress on the motor windings of up to 60...80 V/ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ns</sub> , which must be limited to 3...6 V/ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ns</sub> in order to prevent partial discharge phenomena and/or progressive insulation aging. Full sinewave filtering could solve this issue, but would also reduce the achievable performance improvement, as a higher switching frequency and/or a bulky filter would be required. Therefore, this paper comparatively evaluates different dv/dt-limitation approaches proposed in literature, i.e. active, hybrid and passive filter concepts, for a next generation 10kW SiC PWM inverter supplied from an 800V DC-bus. First, the different filter concepts are described and analyzed, and in a second step their design procedure is explained based on the design space approach. Afterwards, a Pareto optimization is conducted and Pareto optimal designs are selected, evaluated and compared regarding efficiency and power density. All considered filter designs outperform a state-of-the-art typically 98.3% efficient IGBT inverter drive. The hybrid filter enables a part-load (at 8 kW) efficiency of 99.0% for a dv/dt limited to 6 V/ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ns</sub> . If higher dv/dt -values can be tolerated, e.g. 12 V/ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ns</sub> , 99.3% part-load efficiency with a power density above 80 kW/L can be achieved by the active concept.
SARS-CoV-2 infection severity is linked to superior humoral immunity against the spike (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a global pandemic. The antigen specificity and kinetics of the antibody response mounted against this novel virus are not understood in detail. Here, we report that subjects with a more severe SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a larger antibody response against the spike and nucleocapsid protein and epitope spreading to subdominant viral antigens, such as open reading frame 8 and non-structural proteins. Subjects with a greater antibody response mounted a larger memory B cell response against the spike, but not the nucleocapsid protein. Additionally, we revealed that antibodies against the spike are still capable of binding the D614G spike mutant and cross-react with the SARS-CoV-1 receptor binding domain. Together, this study reveals that subjects with a more severe SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a greater overall antibody response to the spike and nucleocapsid protein and a larger memory B cell response against the spike.
Combined Phage Typing and Amperometric Detection of Released Enzymatic Activity for the Specific Identification and Quantification of Bacteria (2002)

Here, we describe a novel electrochemical method for the rapid identification and quantification of pathogenic and polluting bacteria. The design incorporates a bacteriophage, a virus that recognizes, infects, and lyses only one bacterial species among mixed populations, thereby releasing intracellular enzymes that can be monitored by the amperometic measurement of enzymatic activity. As a model system, we used virulent phage typing and cell-marker enzyme activity (beta-D-galactosidase), a combination that is specific for the bacterial strain Escherichia coli (K-12, MG1655). Filtration and preincubation before infecting the bacteria with the phage enabled amperometric detection at a wide range of concentrations, reaching as low as 1 colony-forming unit/100 mL within 6-8 h. In principle, this electrochemical method can be applied to any type of bacterium-phage combination by measuring the enzymatic marker released by the lytic cycle of a specific phage.
AEROSOL TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION IN A TRIPLE BIFURCATION BRONCHIAL AIRWAY MODEL WITH LOCAL TUMORS (2002)

Airflow characteristics and particle deposition have been numerically simulated in a triple bifurcation lung airway model (from generation 3-6 airways) with local tumors protruded from the sidewalls of generation 5 airways. The effects of tumors in terms of size and location on airflow, particle transport, and deposition patterns were analyzed for constant inspiratory flow rates with inlet Reynolds (Re(match) = 463 and 1882) and Stokes number (St(match) = 0.02-0.12) combinations that match different cyclic inhalation waveforms. The size of tumors was varied to induce an obstruction of airway lumen by 16-74%. Extreme conditions, 2 and 100% obstruction, were also examined. The results show that enhanced deposition occurs in the carina region at each bifurcation, and deposition increases with increasing Stokes and Reynolds number as expected from earlier studies. In addition, deposition increases at the tumor site until the tumor blocks about half of the airway lumen and then decreases with a further obstruction. In other words, there exists a maximum particle deposition fraction (DF) for a protruding tumor that occludes the lumen. The maximum DF at the tumor was 10.2% within the test conditions used. Deposition occurs mainly on the frontal surface of the tumors, but spreads out to the opposite wall, or upstream sections, or sister branches of the tumor at high flow rates and Stokes number. The present results (1) help in the understanding of the complex toxic or therapeutic aerosol dynamics in the lung with local airways obstruction, and (2) provide quantitative information on critical tumor size and particle deposition to health care specialists.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Calicheamicin‐Dynemicin Hybrid Molecules. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-density biosynthetic fuels: the intersection of heterogeneous catalysis and metabolic engineering (2014)

Biosynthetic valencene, premnaspirodiene, and natural caryophyllene were hydrogenated and evaluated as high performance fuels. The parent sesquiterpenes were then isomerized to complex mixtures of hydrocarbons with the heterogeneous acid catalyst Nafion SAC-13. High density fuels with net heats of combustion ranging from 133-141 000 Btu gal(-1), or up to 13% higher than commercial jet fuel could be generated by this approach. The products of caryophyllene isomerization were primarily tricyclic hydrocarbons which after hydrogenation increased the fuel density by 6%. The isomerization of valencene and premnaspirodiene also generated a variety of sesquiterpenes, but in both cases the dominant product was δ-selinene. Ab initio calculations were conducted to determine the total electronic energies for the reactants and products. In all cases the results were in excellent agreement with the experimental distribution of isomers. The cetane numbers for the sesquiterpane fuels ranged from 20-32 and were highly dependent on the isomer distribution. Specific distillation cuts may have the potential to act as high density diesel fuels, while use of these hydrocarbons as additives to jet fuel will increase the range and/or time of flight of aircraft. In addition to the ability to generate high performance renewable fuels, the powerful combination of metabolic engineering and heterogeneous catalysis will allow for the preparation of a variety of sesquiterpenes with potential for pharmaceutical, flavor, and fragrance applications.
Expression profiling of microdissected cell populations selected from basal cells in normal epidermis and basal cell carcinoma (2008)

We show that microdissection in combination with robust strategies for RNA extraction, amplification and cDNA microarray analysis allow for reliable transcript profiling and that antibody-based proteomics provides an advantageous strategy for the analysis of corresponding differentially expressed proteins. We found that expression patterns were significantly altered in BCC cells compared with basal keratinocytes and that the Wnt signalling pathway was upregulated in tumour cells.
Measurement of nonlinearity effects on analog transmission of vertical-cavity lasers (2002)

Summary form only given. Long wavelength, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) operating at 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m wavelengths have been the focus of much research recently as potentially low-cost sources for optical communications. Much investigation has been done into the transmission of digital signals over optical fiber for the use of these devices in telecommunication applications. In this paper, we believe we present the results of the first reported analog transmission experiments for long wavelength VCSELs. The devices exhibited good values of dynamic range and low intermodulation distortion. This points to the potential use of VCSELs for CATV incorporated with optical fiber to the home and other applications such as microwave signal transmission.
LONP1 and ClpP cooperatively regulate mitochondrial proteostasis for cancer cell survival (2021)

Mitochondrial proteases are key components in mitochondrial stress responses that maintain proteostasis and mitochondrial integrity in harsh environmental conditions, which leads to the acquisition of aggressive phenotypes, including chemoresistance and metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms and exact role of mitochondrial proteases in cancer remain largely unexplored. Here, we identified functional crosstalk between LONP1 and ClpP, which are two mitochondrial matrix proteases that cooperate to attenuate proteotoxic stress and protect mitochondrial functions for cancer cell survival. LONP1 and ClpP genes closely localized on chromosome 19 and were co-expressed at high levels in most human cancers. Depletion of both genes synergistically attenuated cancer cell growth and induced cell death due to impaired mitochondrial functions and increased oxidative stress. Using mitochondrial matrix proteomic analysis with an engineered peroxidase (APEX)-mediated proximity biotinylation method, we identified the specific target substrates of these proteases, which were crucial components of mitochondrial functions, including oxidative phosphorylation, the TCA cycle, and amino acid and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, we found that LONP1 and ClpP shared many substrates, including serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2). Inhibition of both LONP1 and ClpP additively increased the amount of unfolded SHMT2 protein and enhanced sensitivity to SHMT2 inhibitor, resulting in significantly reduced cell growth and increased cell death under metabolic stress. Additionally, prostate cancer patients with higher LONP1 and ClpP expression exhibited poorer survival. These results suggest that interventions targeting the mitochondrial proteostasis network via LONP1 and ClpP could be potential therapeutic strategies for cancer.
Proximity and heating effects during electron-beam patterning of ultraviolet lithography masks (2002)

Proximity effects and resist heating during high energy electron-beam (e-beam) patterning of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) mask were investigated for the 50 nm node and beyond. These effects were observed experimentally on both silicon wafers and standard 6025 photomasks coated with two different EUVL absorber stacks. Monte Carlo and resist simulations were used for proximity effect correction and resist heating effect verification. The estimated temperature change during electron-beam writing was also attempted using the finite element method.