gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P2‐417: GAD65, GAD67 and GABAT immunoreactivity in human brain and GAD65 loss in Alzheimer's disease (2012)

The GABAergic system is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter system in the vertebrate brain. Although it is well established that the GABAergic system is affected in neuropsychiatric disorders, in Alzheimer disease it has been considered to be relatively spared. To determine whether the GABAergic system is involved in AD we investigated the main enzymes of this system; glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), GAD67 and GABA transferase (GABAT), in human AD and control brain tissue by immunohistochemical and western blot methods. In normal human neocortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, GAD65 and GAD67 were found in neuropil granules, presumably synaptic boutons, and in a subset of small to midsized neurons. GAD65 mostly stained neuropil granules, while GAD67 stained neuronal cell bodies more prominently. GAD67 is thought to have mostly a cytoplasmic localization, while GAD65 is thought to be primarily localized in presynaptic terminals. GABAT predominantly labeled large intracellular granule in many types of neurons and glia cells. In addition to neurons astroglial cells were labeled by GAD67 and GABAT antibodies, most prominently in the white matter. GAD65 immunoreactivity of neurons and neuropil was severely and significantly reduced in Alzheimer's disease mid temporal cortex and hippocampus as determined by semiquantitative evaluation of fluorescence and light microscopic immunohistochemistry. This reduction in GAD65 protein levels in AD was also detected by Western blotting of cortex tissue. Our results suggest that in AD the GABAergic system is more severely affected then previously reported. This deficit may contribute to AD pathogenesis by loss of inhibitory activity.
Optical and magneto-optical characterization of TbFeCo thin films in trilayer structures (1991)

A series of TbFeCo films ranging in thickness from 100 to 800 Å have been deposited in trilayer structures on silicon wafer substrates, with Si3N4 being employed as the dielectric material. These films have been characterized both optically and magneto-optically by variable angle of incidence spectroscopic ellipsometry, normal angle of incidence reflectometry, and normal angle of incidence Kerr spectroscopy. From these measurements, the optical constants n and k have been determined for the TbFeCo films, as well as the magneto-optical constants Q1 and Q2. Results are presented that demonstrate the lack of dependence of these constants on the thickness of the TbFeCo film, and which can be used for calculating the expected optical and magneto-optical response of any multilayer structure containing similar TbFeCo films.
Macrophage Mineralocorticoid Receptor Is a Pleiotropic Modulator of Myocardial Infarct Healing (2018)

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of death worldwide. Here, we identify the macrophage MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) as a crucial pathogenic player in cardiac wound repair after MI. Seven days after left coronary artery ligation, mice with myeloid cell-restricted MR deficiency compared with WT (wild type) controls displayed improved cardiac function and remodeling associated with enhanced infarct neovascularization and scar maturation. Gene expression profiling of heart-resident and infarct macrophages revealed that MR deletion drives macrophage differentiation in the ischemic microenvironment toward a phenotype outside the M1/M2 paradigm, with regulation of multiple interrelated factors controlling wound healing and tissue repair. Mechanistic and functional data suggest that inactivation of the macrophage MR promotes myocardial infarct healing through enhanced efferocytosis of neutrophils, the suppression of free radical formation, and the modulation of fibroblast activation state. Crucially, targeted delivery of MR antagonists to macrophages, with a single administration of RU28318 or eplerenone-containing liposomes at the onset of MI, improved the healing response and protected against cardiac remodeling and functional deterioration, offering an effective and unique therapeutic strategy for cardiac repair.
All-chemical YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ coated conductors with preformed BaHfO 3 and BaZrO 3 nanocrystals on Ni5W technical substrate at the industrial scale (2021)

Abstract We report a successful fabrication of long-length rolling-assisted biaxially-textured substrate-based coated conductors (CCs) via chemical solution deposition starting from colloidal YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- δ (YBCO) solutions containing 5 mol-% preformed Ba M O 3 ( M = Hf, Zr) (B M O) nanocrystals. Partial optimization of the existing continuous reel-to-reel YBCO processing via design of experiments approach allowed us to obtain YBCO nanocomposites that retain 80%–90% self-field performance of the pristine CC and show a 10%–40% improvement of in-field critical current, which is only a moderate performance improvement compared to similar films on single-crystal substrates prepared on lab-scale. Based on x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies, we attribute this to worsening of the YBCO texture and strong coarsening of B M O nanoparticles, particularly, BaZrO 3 , during processing. Possible process improvements to overcome these effects are discussed.
Supplementary Information from Inhibition of <i>KRAS</i>-Driven Tumorigenicity by Interruption of an Autocrine Cytokine Circuit (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 146K, This file contains the legends to Supplementary Figures 1-7 and Supplementary methods&lt;/p&gt;
Raman Spectroscopy: Development of Clinical Applications for Breast Cancer Diagnosis (2005)

We report the development of techniques and instrumentation for clinical application of NIR Raman spectroscopy for breast cancer diagnosis. Potential clinical applications include optical biopsy at the time of mammography and intra-operative margin assessment.
Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Renal Disease (2018)

Kidney diseases including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease are among the largest health issues worldwide. Dialysis and kidney transplantation can replace a significant portion of renal function, however these treatments still have limitations. To overcome these shortcomings, a variety of innovative efforts have been introduced, including cell-based therapies. During the past decades, advances have been made in the stem cell and developmental biology, and tissue engineering. As part of such efforts, studies on renal cell therapy and artificial kidney developments have been conducted, and multiple therapeutic interventions have shown promise in the pre-clinical and clinical settings. More recently, therapeutic cell-secreting secretomes have emerged as a potential alternative to cell-based approaches. This approach involves the use of renotropic factors, such as growth factors and cytokines, that are produced by cells and these factors have shown effectiveness in facilitating kidney function recovery. This review focuses on the renotropic functions of bioactive compounds that provide protective and regenerative effects for kidney tissue repair, based on the available data in the literature.
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 inhibition reduces ischemic cerebral damage, restores impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and prevents ROS production (2011)

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that improved mitochondrial biogenesis could help reducing ischemic cerebral injury. We found that levels of proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α and nuclear respiratory factor-1, mitochondrial DNA content and other markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and function were reduced in primary mouse cortical neurons under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitor SB216763 activated an efficient mitochondrial biogenesis program in control cortical neurons and counteracted the OGD-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis impairment. This was accompanied by the activation of an antioxidant response that reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and ischemic neuronal damage. The in vitro effects of SB216763 were mimicked by two other structurally unrelated GSK-3 inhibitors. The protective effects of SB216763 on OGD-mediated neuronal damage were abolished in the presence of diverse mitochondrial inhibitors. Finally, when systemically administered in vivo, SB216763 reduced the infarct size and recovered the loss of mitochondrial DNA in mice subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. We conclude that GSK-3 inhibition by SB216763 might pave the way of novel promising therapies aimed at stimulating the renewal of functional mitochondria and reducing reactive oxygen species-mediated damage in ischemic stroke.
Analytical Studies on a Traveling Wave Direct Energy Converter for D-3He Fusion (1995)

Analytical studies on a traveling wave direct energy converter (TWDEC) for D-3He fueled fusion are carried. out. The energy of 15MeV carried by fusion protons is too high to handle with an electrostatic device. The TWDEC controls these high energy particles on the base of the principle of a Linac. This traveling wave method is discussed and the details of proton dynamics and excitation mechanism of electric power are clarified. The TWDEC consists of a modulator and a decelerator. The applied traveling wave potential to the modulator modulates the velocity of fusion proton beams. This modulation makes a form of bunched protons at a down stream of the modulator. The decelerator has a set of meshed grids, each of which are connected to a transmission circuit. The phase velocity of excited wave on the transmission circuit is controlled as same as that of decelerated protons. The kinetic energy 15MeV of proton beams changes into an oscillating electromagnetic energy on the transmission circuit. This highly efficient direct energy converter of fusion protons brings a fusion reactor with a high plant efficiency.
220.6: Effective radiation dose and bone marrow radiation exposure as a result of radiological investigation in a cohort of multivisceral transplant patients (2019)

Introduction: A patient who experienced a rare form of leukaemia following multivisceral transplantation prompted an investigation of cumulative radiation exposure due to radiological investigations in a cohort of multivisceral transplant patients from our centre. In addition, bone marrow dosimetry was calculated in view of the high incidence of bone marrow suppression in this group of patients. Methods: Dose data for CT examinations was retrospectively collected using PACS. Effective doses for each phase of each scan were estimated using 2016 updated conversion coefficients. The total number of scans and total effective dose were calculated for each patient and the stochastic risks for general cancer risk of 4.1%/Sv and leukaemia risk of 0.63%/Sv stated by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) were estimated. Bone marrow dose per Dose-Length-Product (DLP) conversion factors were created for each anatomical region using the ImPACT Calculator, which allowed total bone marrow doses to be estimated for each patient. Bone marrow dose rates were compared against the acute radiation dose rate threshold for reduced haematopoiesis of 0.25–0.5 Gy/year suggested by the ICRP. Results: Radiation doses were calculated for 80 patients undergoing multivisceral transplant procedures (+/- liver) at Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge UK between 1998 and 2018. The average age was 49 years (range 16 – 61). The majority of the radiation dose was incurred by CT scans – 1700 in total over an average of 4.4 years per patient (SD 2.6yrs). Mean number of scan phases per patient was 33.7 (SD 17.8). Maximum number of scan phases for one patient was 83. Mean effective dose was 291 mSv (SD 224 mSv), Maximum effective dose was 1057 mSv (4.3% general cancer risk, 1.1% Leukaemia risk). 5 patients received cumulative doses in excess of 800mSv and 2 exceeded 1Sv. The highest bone marrow dose was 0.66Gy, 0.4Gy/month. 74 patients exceeded the ICRP recommended limit of 0.02 Gy/month and 11 exceeded 0.25 Gy/year and 11 patients exceeded the monthly threshold for >120 days. Conclusions: Significant radiation exposure is experienced by this cohort of patients and the threshold dose rate for reduced haematopoiesis is often exceeded with significant potential implications for the development of cancer and bone marrow suppression.
A Switchable 3-D-Coverage-Phased Array Antenna Package for 5G Mobile Terminals (2016)

This letter proposes a new design of millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) array antenna package with beam steering characteristic for the fifth-generation (5G) mobile applications. In order to achieve a broad three-dimensional scanning coverage of the space with high-gain beams, three identical subarrays of patch antennas have been compactly arranged along the edge region of the mobile phone printed circuit board (PCB) to form the antenna package. By switching the feeding to one of the subarrays, the desired direction of coverage can be achieved. The proposed design has >10-dB gain in the upper spherical space, good directivity, and efficiency, which is suitable for 5G mobile communications. In addition, the impact of the user's hand on the antenna performance has been investigated.
Recent advancements toward therapeutic vaccines against Alzheimer’s disease (2018)

Due to the complex pathophysiology of AD, greatest clinical efficacy will most likely be achieved by concurrently targeting the most toxic forms of both Aβ and tau.
Virtual 3D quantitative histology of skeletal tissues using contrast-enhanced nanofocus X-ray computed tomography (2014)

status: Accepted
Writaupair: Assistive Platform for Children with Writing Difficulties (2021)

The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is the range of abilities that an individual can perform with assistance but cannot yet perform independently. These skills are called “proximal” because the individual is close to mastering them but needs more guidance and practice in order to perform these actions independently. Recently, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of children with learning difficulties. Children with cognitive and other learning difficulties often are unable to organize their thoughts and express their comprehension of a given topic through writing. Such children require comprehensive care and quick intervention, especially during the early childhood years. Based on the concept of the ZPD, we present our work on a contextualized assistive platform called Writaupair, wherein we diagnose the type and extent of learning difficulty faced by a child and accordingly provide contextualized assistance to help him/her with writing long text such as essays. Writaupair employs dependency parsing and state-of-art next sentence prediction model BERT to diagnose the type and extent of learning difficulty a learner has and accordingly prompts keywords, phrases or next sentences to stimulate a topical thinking in children.
Definition of the capsular insertion plane on the proximal humerus (2008)

The aim of this work was quantitatively to establish the relationship between the plane that hosts the humeral head lateral margin (anatomical neck) and that of the capsular insertion. Eight cadaveric shoulders were used. These were dissected, exposing the humeral head margin and the root of the capsular humeral insertion to extract digitally their outlines using a mechanical 3-d digitizer. The datasets of the digitized outlines were applied and the geometric planes they best fitted mathematically calculated. Vector analysis techniques were finally applied to the two planes to quantify the relationship between them. The humeral head margin is circular (+/- 2.2% of radius), having each of its outlining points on the same plane (within +/- 1.5 mm.) The capsular attachment outlining points also insert on a plane (+/- 1.4 mm). The two planes are related to one another by an inclination of 14.5 +/- 3.6 degrees. The relationship described here would allow for in vivo prediction of humeral attachment of capsular structures by using radiological datasets of the anatomical neck. This would be useful in patient-specific modelling to study and understand the glenohumeral ligament kinematics during clinical examinations and to plan surgical reconstructive procedures.
Procédé d'oxygénation et de brassage pour le traitement biologique des eaux usées (2005)

Un nouvel appareil destine a oxygener et a brasser les bassins d’epuration biologique des eaux usees urbaines ou industrielles est presente. La methodologie mise en place pour etendre sa gamme operatoire est decrite. Les resultats obtenus a l’echelle pilote ont ete confirmes a l’echelle industrielle. Cela a debouche sur la commercialisation d’un systeme de deuxieme generation plus performant que le precedent et presentant une geometrie innovante.
Design rule for frequency-voltage cooperative power control and its application to an MPEG-4 decoder (2003)

Frequency-voltage cooperative power control (FVC) is considered a powerful method to reduce the power consumption of a program, because it utilizes the information of software loads dynamically. The authors first show through a mathematical analysis that FVC with only two frequency-voltage sets is sufficient for current low-Vdd CPU chips. Then we show an experimental result that FVC feedback control on an MPEG-4 video decoder can reduce the power to one-fourth.
Assessing Skeletal Muscle Glucose Metabolism With Positron Emission Tomography (2001)

Insulin has a marked effect to stimulate the transport and metabolism of glucose in skeletal muscle in healthy individuals, whereas an impaired response, termed insulin resistance, is a major risk factor for diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases. Studies of the molecular physiology of insulin action in skeletal muscle indicate that a principal loci of control resides within the proximal steps of glucose transport and phosphorylation. Deoxyglucose, the metabolism of which is limited to these proximal steps, is widely used for in vitro studies of insulin action on glucose transport. The technologies of PET imaging provide a unique opportunity to carry out similar studies in vivo in human skeletal muscle. In this instance, a short-lived positron labeled tracer, [18F] FDG, can be given at sufficiently high specific activity to image not only glucose uptake, but by dynamic PET imaging, by monitoring the time course of [18F] FDG tissue activity, data can be generated to examine the kinetics of glucose transport and phosphorylation. The experimental procedures of this approach, including an overview of the mathematical modeling, are described in this review, along with some of the key findings of the initial applications of PET for the study of glucose metabolism in human skeletal muscle.
Low-complexity R-peak detection in ECG signals: A preliminary step towards ambulatory fetal monitoring (2011)

Non-invasive fetal health monitoring during pregnancy has become increasingly important. Recent advances in signal processing technology have enabled fetal monitoring during pregnancy, using abdominal ECG recordings. Ubiquitous ambulatory monitoring for continuous fetal health measurement is however still unfeasible due to the computational complexity of noise robust solutions. In this paper an ECG R-peak detection algorithm for ambulatory R-peak detection is proposed, as part of a fetal ECG detection algorithm. The proposed algorithm is optimized to reduce computational complexity, while increasing the R-peak detection quality compared to existing R-peak detection schemes. Validation of the algorithm is performed on two manually annotated datasets, the MIT/BIH Arrhythmia database and an in-house abdominal database. Both R-peak detection quality and computational complexity are compared to state-of-the-art algorithms as described in the literature. With a detection error rate of 0.22% and 0.12% on the MIT/BIH Arrhythmia and in-house databases, respectively, the quality of the proposed algorithm is comparable to the best state-of-the-art algorithms, at a reduced computational complexity.
Therapy with human kidney cell cultures containing erythropoietin-producing cells is associated with renoprotection in the rat ischemia-reperfusion model (2011)

Yamaleyeva, Liliya M. MD, MS; Guimaraes-Souza, Nadia MD, PhD; Krane, Louis S. MD; Atala, Anthony MD, FACS; Aboushwareb, Tamer MD, PhD; Yoo, James J. MD, PhD Author Information
Bronchodilator Therapy in Mechanically Ventilated Patients (1999)

Introduction Basic Concepts of Aerosol Therapy Inertial Impaction Gravitational Sedimentation Diffusion The Nebulizer The Metered Dose Inhaler Differences during Mechanical Ventilation The Ventilator-Patient Interface Breath Configurations The Airway The Environment The Assessment Evaluation of Lower Respiratory Tract Aerosol Delivery with Bench Models of Mechanical Ventilation Aerosol-Generating Devices Nebulizers Position and Method of Connecting the Aerosol Generator in the Ventilator Circuit Metered Dose Inhalers Aerosol Particle Size Characteristics of the Ventilator Circuit Endotracheal Tube Size Heating and Humidification Density of the Inhaled Gas Ventilator Mode and Settings Methods to Assess Lower Respiratory Tract Aerosol Deposition In Vivo Radionuclide Studies Estimation of Plasma Levels Technique of Aerosol Administration Care of Spacers and Nebulizers Efficacy of Bronchodilator Administration during Mechanical Ventilation Bronchodilator Efficacy Bronchodilator Dose Drug Toxicity Choice of Aerosol-Generating Device—Metered Dose Inhalers versus Nebulizers Conclusion [Respir Care 1999;44(1):53–69]
Post-Vaccination Symptoms after A Third Dose of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2021)

Abstract Symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 primary vaccination among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are generally of similar frequency, severity, and duration to those reported in the general population. The symptom profile after a 3 rd mRNA vaccine dose in the predominantly immune-compromised IBD population is unknown. We aimed to assess symptomology after a 3 rd or booster dose of mRNA vaccination in adults with IBD. We surveyed participants of the Coronavirus Risk Associations and Longitudinal Evaluation in IBD (CORALE-IBD) post-vaccination registry for symptom frequency and severity after a 3 rd mRNA vaccine dose in an observational cohort study. In total, 524 participants (70% female, mean age 45 years) reported a third dose of mRNA vaccination through October 11, 2021. Overall, 41% reported symptoms after a third dose, with symptoms generally more frequent and more severe among participants younger than 55 years. The most frequent postvaccination symptoms were injection site pain (39%), fatigue or malaise (34%), and headache (23%). These symptoms were all less frequently reported after dose 3 than after dose 2. Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported by 8.8%, which was slightly more frequent than after dose 2 (7.8%). Those with severe symptoms after dose 2 were more likely to have severe symptoms after dose 3. These findings can reassure the IBD patient and provider communities that the likelihood and distribution of symptoms after a third mRNA vaccine dose are generally similar to those after a second dose, and that the frequency of postvaccination symptoms after dose 3 are generally lower than after dose 2.
Critical Issues In Free Space Intrachip Optical Interconnect Technology (1987)

Conditions are determined for which free space optical interconnects can transmit information at a higher data rate and consume less power than the equivalent electrical interconnections. Effects of circuit dimension scaling and improved optical link efficiency are discussed. The packing densities of optical and electrical interconnects are also compared.