gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Die stromale Expression von PlGF wird durch eine Tumorzell-Stroma Interaktion induziert und trägt wesentlich zum Tumorwachstum bei (2008)

Einleitung: Das Mikromilieu des Tumors ist durch Freisetzung von angiogenen Faktoren wesentlich am Tumorwachstum beteiligt. Der angiogene Wachstumsfaktor Placental growth factor (PlGF), ein VEGF Homolog, wird von Tumorzellen und Endothelzellen gebildet, weniger ist jedoch über die Expression von PlGF in anderen Zellen des Tumorstroma bekannt.
δ-Carboline-based bipolar host materials for deep blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence OLEDs with high efficiency and low roll-off characteristic (2018)

Two bipolar host materials, 8-(9<i>H</i>-carbazol-9-yl)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-5<i>H</i>-pyrido[3,2-<i>b</i>]indole (CzCbPy) and 5-(6-(9<i>H</i>-carbazol-9-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-8-(9<i>H</i>-carbazol-9-yl)-5<i>H</i>-pyrido[3,2-<i>b</i>]indole (2CzCbPy), were synthesized for deep blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light emitting diodes (TADF OLEDs). Both CzCbPy and 2CzCbPy hosts possess bipolar characteristic with high polarity, which results in high delayed photoluminescence quantum yields by reducing the energy gap between singlet and triplet states of TADF materials. In addition, these hosts have high enough triplet energies of 3.05 eV to transfer exciton energy to a deep blue TADF emitter. A deep blue TADF OLED fabricated with a CzCbPy host exhibited high external quantum efficiency of 22.9% and low efficiency roll-off (19.2% at 1000 cd m<sup>-2</sup>).
Lewis Structures and the Bonding Classification of End-on Bridging Dinitrogen Transition Metal Complexes (2023)

The activation of dinitrogen by coordination to transition metal ions is a widely used and promising approach to the utilization of Earth's most abundant nitrogen source for chemical synthesis. End-on bridging N<sub>2</sub> complexes (μ-η<sup>1</sup>:η<sup>1</sup>-N<sub>2</sub>) are key species in nitrogen fixation chemistry, but a lack of consensus on the seemingly simple task of assigning a Lewis structure for such complexes has prevented application of valence electron counting and other tools for understanding and predicting reactivity trends. The Lewis structures of bridging N<sub>2</sub> complexes have traditionally been determined by comparing the experimentally observed NN distance to the bond lengths of free N<sub>2</sub>, diazene, and hydrazine. We introduce an alternative approach here and argue that the Lewis structure should be assigned based on the total π-bond order in the MNNM core (number of π-bonds), which derives from the character (bonding or antibonding) and occupancy of the delocalized π-symmetry molecular orbitals (π-MOs) in MNNM. To illustrate this approach, the complexes <i>cis,cis</i>-[(<sup>iPr4</sup>PONOP)MCl<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>(μ-N<sub>2</sub>) (M = W, Re, and Os) are examined in detail. Each complex is shown to have a different number of nitrogen-nitrogen and metal-nitrogen π-bonds, indicated as, respectively: W≡N-N≡W, Re═N═N═Re, and Os-N≡N-Os. It follows that each of these Lewis structures represents a distinct class of complexes (diazanyl, diazenyl, and dinitrogen, respectively), in which the μ-N<sub>2</sub> ligand has a different electron donor number (total of 8e<sup>-</sup>, 6e<sup>-</sup>, or 4e<sup>-</sup>, respectively). We show how this classification can greatly aid in understanding and predicting the properties and reactivity patterns of μ-N<sub>2</sub> complexes.
HIF1A signaling selectively supports proliferation of breast cancer in the brain (2020)

Blood-borne metastasis to the brain is a major complication of breast cancer, but cellular pathways that enable cancer cells to selectively grow in the brain microenvironment are poorly understood. We find that cultured circulating tumor cells (CTCs), derived from blood samples of women with advanced breast cancer and directly inoculated into the mouse frontal lobe, exhibit striking differences in proliferative potential in the brain. Derivative cell lines generated by serial intracranial injections acquire selectively increased proliferative competency in the brain, with reduced orthotopic tumor growth. Increased Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1A (HIF1A)-associated signaling correlates with enhanced proliferation in the brain, and shRNA-mediated suppression of HIF1A or drug inhibition of HIF-associated glycolytic pathways selectively impairs brain tumor growth while minimally impacting mammary tumor growth. In clinical specimens, brain metastases have elevated HIF1A protein expression, compared with matched primary breast tumors, and in patients with brain metastases, hypoxic signaling within CTCs predicts decreased overall survival. The selective activation of hypoxic signaling by metastatic breast cancer in the brain may have therapeutic implications.
Opportunistic beamforming in a downlink distributed antenna system with linear receivers (2012)

Distributed antenna systems provide efficient utilization of the spatial degrees of freedom by processing signals on geographically separated remote radio units. In such systems, the heterogeneous large scale channel effects caused by the distributed located nature complicate the design of opportunistic scheduling schemes and the related issues of limited feedback and exploitation of multiuser diversity. In this paper, we propose and analyze opportunistic beamforming schemes with linear receiver design in a downlink distributed antenna system where the remote radio units serve as virtual transmit antenna array. When each user is equipped with one receive antenna, a single-beam scheme and a multi-beam scheme are proposed and the closed form sum rate is derived. When multiple receive antennas are available, we analyze the multi-beam opportunistic scheme jointly in conjunction with receiver design approaches such as selection combining and linear MMSE receiver. The asymptotic (in users) approximations of the sum rate with linear receivers are derived using asymptotic analysis.
Apelin prevents cardiac fibroblast activation and collagen production through inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1 (2011)

Our data provide the first evidence that apelin inhibits TGF-β-stimulated activation of cardiac fibroblasts through a SphK1-dependent mechanism. We also demonstrated that the administration of apelin during the phase of reactive fibrosis prevents structural remodelling of the myocardium and ventricular dysfunction. These findings may have important implications for designing future therapies for myocardial performance during fibrotic remodelling, affecting the clinical management of patients with progressive heart failure.
Investigations into Performance Aspects of Field Aligned Starting (2007)

Three-phase cage induction motors can be started on single-phase supply lines by field aligned starting (FAS) with minimal inrush currents. FAS is a technique that generates a high impulse-like torque to start a motor independent of the mains supply, before connecting the already spinning motor to the mains to operate in a standard Steinmetz connection. A dynamic model and parameter estimation method for FAS have previously been presented and experimentally validated. As the starting performance of FAS is largely governed by the values of a small number of key variables, this paper utilizes the dynamic model to investigate both the functionality and the impact of these variables on the starting performance. The results of the investigation suggest that the proper choice variable values is critical to a successful FAS design, and that the FAS model could effectively be used as a design aid to achieve improved FAS starting performance.
Integrated Thermal Energy Storage for Cooling Applications (2018)

Many commercial and industrial facilities are cooled using vapor compression cycles (VCC). The performance of such systems degrades with high outdoor temperatures causing high peak electric demand increase, reduced efficiency and lower cooling capacity. An Integrated Thermal Energy Storage System (ITESS) utilizing chilled water provides additional subcooling for a VCC condenser, thereby increasing the capacity of the entire system and providing significant reductions in electric demand and consumption. The ITESS uses a dedicated chiller to cool a thermal storage tank, typically at night when electricity demand and rates may be lower. This thermal reservoir is used during the following day to sub-cool refrigerant leaving the condenser. This additional cooling increases the overall cooling capacity of the chiller without increasing the electrical demand. The following paper outlines the results of a demonstration of the ITESS at an industrial facility in Syracuse, NY. The existing 176-ton chiller, which provides cooling for air conditioning a laboratory space and chilled water for compressor testing, was retrofitted with a 33-ton supplemental chiller, 10,000-gallon water tank, four sub-coolers, and two sub-cooler pumps. The ITESS was instrumented with a number of sensors to measure critical parameters to assess its performance. The test results showed that the cooling capacity of the existing chiller increased by 2.2% - 34.2%, depending on operating conditions, with the addition of subcooling. The ITESS increased existing chiller efficiency between 0.6% - 28.5% and has the potential to reduce power demand by 0.7%-34.3%. Total energy consumption for the system was essentially unchanged, increasing on average by approximately 0.05%, well within the margin of error.
Dominant-negative mutants are clustered in a domain of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I Rex protein: implications for trans dominance (1992)

The 27-kDa Rex trans-acting protein appears to be essential for replication of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. Mutations introduced outside of the Rex RNA-binding domain-nucleolar localization signal display either wild-type activity or, conversely, yield dominant-negative proteins. We generated missense mutations in a particular domain of the Rex protein (amino acid residues 54 to 69) which is characterized by a cluster of dominant-negative mutants. Our results indicate that amino acids 57 to 67 are critically important for Rex function mediated through the RxRE cis-acting RNA sequence. Within this domain, only amino acids 61 to 63 could be mutated without loss of function. All other missense and deletion mutants yielded dominant-negative proteins. In vitro RNA-binding studies performed with glutathione S-transferase-Rex fusion proteins demonstrated that all of the mutant Rex proteins interacted specifically with RxRE RNA. Analysis of chimeric Rex-Rev proteins suggests that this Rex domain is important for oligomerization.
An optical design for reflective color STN-LCDs (2003)

This paper describes the optical design method for reflective color STN-LCDs with single polarizers. The design method ensures the devices have high reflectance, high contrast ratio, and good color purity. The design of an STN liquid crystal layer, a polarizer, two birefringent films, color filters and a diffusion film are presented and a novel evaluation method for reflective LCDs is proposed. In the design of the STN LC cell, the polarizer, and the birefringent films, i.e. the design of the Single Polarizer STN LCD mode, we focus on achieving achromatic dark representation, since we found earlier that the chromaticity in the dark representation significantly affects the color balance. The polarizer and birefringent films are optimized to achieve achromatic dark representation for a given STN LC layer. The retardation of the STN LC layer is optimized to achieve achromatic dark representation and high reflectance. The color filters are optimized to achieve a large color gamut and high transmittance with good white balance. The diffusion film is designed to increase the reflection in an office.
The TREC/KREC Assay for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Patients with DiGeorge Syndrome (2014)

The combined TREC/KREC approach with correction via control gene identified 1 of 13 (8%) of DiGeorge syndrome patients at birth in our cohort. The majority of patients had TREC/KREC levels in the normal range.
A Fully Integrated Regenerative Resonant MEMS CO2 Sensor (2021)

ÉTS researchers developed a micro resonator coated with LPEI to measure CO2 levels accurately, efficiently, and with exceptionally low energy consumption. This innovation paves the way to a wide range of future applications for the measurement of other types of molecules.
Correction: Mechanical rigidity of a shape-memory metal–organic framework increases by crystal downsizing (2021)

Correction for 'Mechanical rigidity of a shape-memory metal-organic framework increases by crystal downsizing' by Al A. Tiba et al., Chem. Commun., 2021, 57, 89-92, DOI: 10.1039/D0CC05684G.
Assessing Epithelial Cell Nuclear Morphology with Azimuthal Light Scattering Spectroscopy (2006)

We report azimuthal light scattering spectroscopy (ø/LSS), a novel technique for assessing epithelial-cell nuclear morphology. The feasibility of detecting cancer using ø/LSS is demonstrated by measuring ø/LSS spectra from normal and cancerous human colonic mucosa.
Combined effect of multiple light scattering and radiative transport on fluorescence emission (2003)

The combined effect of multiple light scattering and radiative transport on fluorescence decays is experimentally studied. The experimental setup consists of a 15 cm cubic cell containing a highly fluorescent dye solution and scatterers (either silica particles or milk). The effect of fluorophore concentration was studied, in the absence and presence of scatterer. The effect of excitation and detection geometry was also studied. It is concluded that light scattering can have a significant effect on the fluorescence decays, namely on the mean decay times, and the results can be explained on the basis of the spatial distributions of the successive generations of excited molecules.
Enhanced Competition at the Nano–Bio Interface Enables Comprehensive Characterization of Protein Corona Dynamics and Deep Coverage of Proteomes (Adv. Mater. 44/2022) (2022)

Proteomics In article number 2206008, Omid C. Farokhzad, Daniel Hornburg, and co-workers show how the Vroman effect can be leveraged to capture the complexity of human proteomes using engineered nanoparticles. Protein corona formation dynamics demonstrate how nanoparticle functionalization and nano–bio binding competition enable deep and quantitative interrogation of biosamples. This facilitates increased capture of low-abundance proteins, including cytokines and chemokines, enabling new strategies for biomarker discovery and personalized nanomedicine.
Filling the Gaps in Antagonist CCR5 Binding, a Retrospective and Perspective Analysis (2022)

The large number of pathologies that position CCR5 as a central molecular determinant substantiates the studies aimed at understanding receptor-ligand interactions, as well as the development of compounds that efficiently block this receptor. This perspective focuses on CCR5 antagonism as the preferred landscape for therapeutic intervention, thus the receptor active site occupancy by known antagonists of different origins is overviewed. CCL5 is a natural agonist ligand for CCR5 and an extensively studied scaffold for CCR5 antagonists production through chemokine N-terminus modification. A retrospective 3D modeling analysis on recently developed CCL5 mutants and their contribution to enhanced anti-HIV-1 activity is reported here. These results allow us to prospect the development of conceptually novel amino acid substitutions outside the CCL5 N-terminus hotspot. CCR5 interaction improvement in regions distal to the chemokine N-terminus, as well as the stabilization of the chemokine hydrophobic core are strategies that influence binding affinity and stability beyond the agonist/antagonist dualism. Furthermore, the development of allosteric antagonists topologically remote from the orthosteric site (e.g., intracellular or membrane-embedded) is an intriguing new avenue in GPCR druggability and thus a conceivable novel direction for CCR5 blockade. Ultimately, the three-dimensional structure elucidation of the interaction between various ligands and CCR5 helps illuminate the active site occupancy and mechanism of action.
Optical Coherence Tomography for the Investigation of Skin Adaptation in Lower-Limb Prosthesis Users (2020)

This study demonstrated the utility of two novel OCT imaging techniques for investigating skin adaptation in users of lower-limb prostheses. If we are able to confirm these findings on a larger subject population, we will better understand the biology behind mechanically induced skin adaptation. These findings, along with the noninvasive OCT imaging methods introduced here, would have the potential to improve clinical practice by enabling the development of rehabilitation techniques and therapeutics to better strengthen skin, thereby reducing the incidence of harmful skin breakdown.
Enantioselective Rh-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of N-Formyl Dehydroamino Esters with Monodentate Phosphoramidite Ligands (2006)

Enantioselectivities up to >99% ee were achieved in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of N-formyl dehydroamino esters using monodentate phosphoramidites as chiral ligands. The substrates were synthesized by condensation of methyl isocyanoacetate with a range of aldehydes and with cyclohexanone. A highly convenient multigram scale one step synthesis of methyl 2-(formamido)acrylate was developed. This compound was used in the synthesis of methyl 2-(formamido)cinnamate via a solvent free Heck reaction. Moreover, full conversion and >99% ee were obtained in 1 h in the hydrogenation of methyl 2-(formamido)acrylate with 0.2 mol % catalyst and 2 bar hydrogen pressure. The versatility of the formyl protection was established by its removal under mild conditions.
Optimal Synergetic Operation and Experimental Evaluation of an Ultracompact GaN-Based Three-Phase 10-kW EV Charger (2023)

Fast charging of electric vehicles (EVs) requires isolated AC/DC converters with a wide output voltage range of 200V to 1000V. Combining a three-level Vienna Rectifier (VR) with four isolated Dual-Active-Bridge DC/DC Converter (DABC) modules and latest-generation 600V GaN technology enables very high switching frequencies of 560 kHz for the VR and up to 330 kHz for the DABCs. Hence, in this paper an ultra-compact realization of a 10 kW EV charger module with a power density of 9 kW/dm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (about 150 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ), not including the coldplate, is presented. In this context, a simplified DABC modulation method and straightforward yet accurate (confirmed by experiments) loss models for the DABCs and the VR are introduced, which facilitate a thorough investigation of the optimum synergetic operation of the two stages: For the considered converter, changing the VR operating mode from conventional 3/3-PWM (where the two stages operate rather independently and hence all three VR bridge-legs operate with PWM) to 1/3-PWM (where the DABCs shape the voltage of the shared intermediate DC-link such that always only one of the VR’s three bridge-legs must operate with PWM) results in an advantageous efficiency improvement of up to about 2% over a large part of the output voltage and power range, and in a peak efficiency of more than 97%. Further, the synergetic operation of the two-stage system (VR and DABCs) is experimentally verified for the first time, confirming the modeling results and the efficiency advantage of 1/3-PWM (i.e., 95.4% vs. 95.1% at the rated load of 10 kW and with 500V output voltage). Conducted EMI pre-compliance measurements indicate that the change of the operating strategy from 3/3-PWM to 1/3-PWM only requires minor changes of the EMI filter design.
Sensitivity analysis of an LQ optimal multivariable controller for a fine coal injection vessel (2000)

This paper deals with a sensitivity analysis of a linear quadratic optimal multivariable controller for a fine coal injection vessel used in the blast furnace process. The multivariable controller from a previous work is briefly presented and the closed-loop system is studied by means of a sensitivity analysis. Effects of disturbances and uncertainty on the closed-loop system are studied based on analysis of the singular values of the sensitivity and the complementary sensitivity functions, the relative gain array, and the minimized condition numbers. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is validated by the use of logged data from test operation at the coal injection plant at SSAB Tunnplat AB, Lulea, Sweden.
Execution Array Memory Array Processor (XarMa) (2020)

An Execution Array Memory Array (XarMa) processor is described for signal processing and internet of things (IoT) applications, (pronounced sharma, that means happiness in Sanskrit). The XarMa processor uses a new 1 to K+1 adjacency network in an array of execution units. The 1 to K+1 adjacency refers to connections separately made in rows and in columns of execution unit and local file nodes, where the number of R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ows</inf> ≥K>1 and of C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">olumns</inf> ≥K>1 and K is an odd integer. Instead of a large central multi-ported register file, distributed storage files placed local to each execution unit is used. A new instruction set architecture is used having instructions that specify forwarding of execution results to execution units associated with destination instructions. The forwarding of execution results directly to execution units reduces storage of temporary variables for low power. This execution array is scalable to support cost effective and low power high-performance processing focused on target product requirements. A neural example is also presented.
Acid Fracturing or Proppant Fracturing in Carbonate Formation? A Rock Mechanic's View (2006)

Abstract Acid fracturing is performed to improve well productivity in acid-soluble formations such as limestone, dolomite, and chalk. Hydrochloric acid is generally used to create an etched fracture, which is the main mechanism for maintaining the fracture open during the life of a well. Proppant fracturing is an alternative option that has been applied in carbonate formations. In certain areas, proppant fracturing has been used as a standard stimulation method for carbonate formations. There is no quantitative method to provide an answer of whether acid fracturing or proppant fracturing is an appropriate stimulation method for a given carbonate formation. In proppant fracturing, proppant is used to sustain the effect of the minimum horizontal stress from closing the fracture. In acid fracturing the etched, non-smooth, surface with sufficient roughness should leave open channels upon closing. The effect of elastic, plastic, and creeping deformations in acid fracturing and the proppant crushing and embedment in proppant facturing, on reducing fracture permeability is investigated. The viscous effect, creeping, is a slow displacement that incurred over a long period of time. The creeping effect on fracture closure following an acid fracturing treatment is demonstrated in this paper. Laboratory experiments have been performed to simulate acid and proppant fracturing treatments. The effect of elastic, plastic and viscoelastic rock behavior on fracture conductivity was studied for acid and proppant fracturing treatments, using full core samples. Comparison of acid vs. proppant fracturing conductivity in carbonate formation is also presented.