gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
JUNCTION-TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTSINGaNUV LIGHT-EMITTING DIODESUSINGTHEDIODEFORWARD VOLTAGE (2004)

Atheoretical model forthedependence ofthediode forward voltage (Vf) onjunction temperature (7) isdeveloped. A newexpression fordV,JdT isderived that takes intoaccount allrelevant contributions tothetemperature dependence oftheforward voltage including theintrinsic carrier concentration, thebandgap energy, andtheeffective density ofstates. Experimental results onthe junction temperature ofGaNUVLEDsarepresented. Excellent agreement between thetheoretical andexperimental temperature coefficient oftheforward voltage (dV,dT) isfound. The experimentally found linear dependence ofthejunction temperature onforward current isexplained byathermal conduction model. Athermal resistivity of342.2 K/Wisfound fortheUVLED III-Vnitride semiconductors haveadirect bandgap andthusareverysuitable for solid-state ultraviolet (UV)light sources. SuchUV sources havea widevariety of applications, including UV-induced fluorescence, lighting, displays, spectrofluometry, photo-catalytic processes, andhighresolution optics. Doubleheterostructure GaInN/AlGaN UV LEDsemitting at371nmwith external quantum efficiency of7.5% andoutput powers of5mW havebeendemonstrated'. Thejunction temperature isa critical parameter andaffects internal efficiency, maximumoutput power, reliability, and other parameters. Several groups havereported measurements ofthejunction temperature oflaser diodes (LDs)using microRamanspectroscopy2, threshold voltage3, thermal resistance4, photothermal reflectance microscopy (PRM)5, electroluminescence6 and photoluminescence7. Inthis paper, thediodeforward voltage isemployed tomeasure thejunction temperature ofGaNUV LEDsemitting at375nm.Thetheoretical foundation ofthe temperature dependence oftheforward voltage isanalyzed indetail. Theexperimental andtheoretical results arecompared anddiscussed. Fromthewell-known Shockley equation, foraforward voltage Vf>>kT/e, weobtain
Angiostatic activity of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (2006)

Inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) and histone deacetylases can reactivate epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor genes and thereby decrease tumor cell growth. Little, however, is known on the effects of these compounds in endothelial cell biology and tumor angiogenesis. Here, we show that the DNMT inhibitors 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and zebularine markedly decrease vessel formation in different tumor models. We show that DNMT inhibitors are antiproliferative for tumor-conditioned endothelial cells, without affecting endothelial cell apoptosis and migration. Furthermore, these compounds inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo as shown by inhibition of endothelial cells sprouting in a three-dimensional gel and inhibition of microvessel formation in the chorioallantoic membrane, respectively. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, as well as the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A, reactivates the growth-inhibiting genes TSP1, JUNB, and IGFBP3, which are suppressed in tumor-conditioned endothelial cells. Despite enhanced DNMT activity and increased overall genomic methylation levels in tumor-conditioned endothelial cells, silencing of these genes seemed not to be regulated by direct promoter hypermethylation. For IGFBP3, gene expression in endothelial cells correlated with histone H3 acetylation patterns. In conclusion, our data show that DNMT inhibitors have angiostatic activity in addition to their inhibitory effects on tumor cells. This dual action of these compounds makes them promising anticancer therapeutics.
Self-Driving Networks (2021)

This chapter presents a new vision of network operations, the self-driving network, that takes automation to the next level. This is not a description of existing work; rather, it is a challenge to dramatically rethink how we manage networks (or rather, how we do not manage networks). It draws upon an analogy with the development of self-driving cars and presents motivations for this effort. It then describes the technologies needed to implement this and an overall architecture of the system. As this endeavor will cause a major shift in network management, the chapter offers an evolutionary path to the end goal. Some of the consequences and human impacts of such a system are touched upon. The chapter concludes with some research topics and a final message. Key takeaways are that machine learning and feedback loops are fundamental to the solution; a key outcome is to build systems that are adaptive and predictive, for the benefit of users.
Size Effects in the Mechanical Properties of Bulk Bicontinuous Ta/Cu Nanocomposites Made by Liquid Metal Dealloying (2015)

Extremely strong and ductile Cu/Ta bulk nanocomposites are fabricated by liquid metal dealloying. These materials exhibit a complex two-phase microstructure with a tunable length scale that allows for a significant increase in strength with decreasing feature size. Their yield behavior is consistent with a bulk manifestation of size effects previously associated only with nanofabricated materials.
Collective excitations in the transitional nucleiRe163andRe165 (2015)

Excited states in the neutron-deficient nuclei ${}_{75}^{163}{\mathrm{Re}}_{88}$ and ${}_{75}^{165}{\mathrm{Re}}_{90}$ were populated in the ${}^{106}{\mathrm{Cd}(}^{60}\mathrm{Ni},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}p2n\ensuremath{\gamma})$ and ${}^{92}{\mathrm{Mo}(}^{78}\mathrm{Kr}$, $3p2n\ensuremath{\gamma})$ fusion-evaporation reactions at bombarding energies of 270 and 380 MeV, respectively. \ensuremath{\gamma} rays were detected at the target position using the JUROGAM spectrometer while recoiling ions were separated in-flight by the RITU gas-filled recoil separator and implanted in the GREAT spectrometer. The energy level schemes for $^{163}\mathrm{Re}$ and $^{165}\mathrm{Re}$ were identified using recoil-decay correlation techniques. At low spin, the yrast bands of these isotopes consist of signature partner bands based on a single $\ensuremath{\pi}{h}_{11/2}$ quasiproton configuration. The bands display large energy splitting consistent with the soft triaxial shape typical of transitional nuclei above $N=82$. The configurations of the excited states are proposed within the framework of the cranked shell model.
Assessing the role of faults in hydrocarbon migration and entrapment in the Northern North Sea (1994)

The identification and evaluation of fault seals in exploration prospects and producing fields are becoming increasingly important components of geotechnical evaluations, particularly in the northern North Sea. In an effort to better understand several recent, fault-dependent discoveries in Block 35/11 (Horda Platform, offshore Norway), Mobil Exploration Norway Inc. (Mobil) has completed a study of surrounding field data to document the influence faults exert on hydrocarbon migration and entrapment in the area. These data were also needed to improve exploration risk analysis of several large fault-dependent prospects mapped on trend with the new discoveries.
d -Amino Acid Chemical Reporters Reveal Peptidoglycan Dynamics of an Intracellular Pathogen (2012)

Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential component of the bacterial cell wall. Although experiments with organisms in vitro have yielded a wealth of information on PG synthesis and maturation, it is unclear how these studies translate to bacteria replicating within host cells. We report a chemical approach for probing PG in vivo via metabolic labeling and bioorthogonal chemistry. A wide variety of bacterial species incorporated azide and alkyne-functionalized d-alanine into their cell walls, which we visualized by covalent reaction with click chemistry probes. The d-alanine analogues were specifically incorporated into nascent PG of the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes both in vitro and during macrophage infection. Metabolic incorporation of d-alanine derivatives and click chemistry detection constitute a facile, modular platform that facilitates unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution of PG dynamics in vivo.
Ninety-Day Survival of a Calf Implanted with a Continuous-Flow Total Artificial Heart (2013)

We evaluated the effects of steady state flow and perfusion on end-organ function in a long-term calf model. The animal received a continuous-flow total artificial heart (CFTAH) that we created from two axial-flow ventricular assist devices. Pump flow, blood pressure, and other pump parameters were monitored throughout the study, as were arterial blood gas and hematologic values, including neurohormone levels. Some hematologic values were mildly abnormal transiently after surgery but returned to acceptable levels within the first week. During the 90-day study, the calf showed no signs of hemolysis or thrombosis. Its mental function remained normal, as evidenced by the animal's interest in its surroundings and response to stimuli. End-organ and vasomotor function was not adversely affected by 90 days of steady state flow. This was the first study in which CFTAH support of an animal model was maintained for this duration.
Contact-less RF and optical measurement of antenna array active impedance using scattering data (2014)

Antenna array active impedance is conventionally determined via direct S-parameter measurements. This approach is impossible to implement for optical nano-antenna arrays. This paper describes a technique for evaluating antenna array active impedance based on scattering measurements. This technique can also be used for optical sensor applications, since the scattering data of a nano-antenna array, loaded with unknown loads, can be used to determine the reflection coefficient of the loads. The theoretical formulation, followed by simulations and measurements demonstrate the advantages and limitations of this technique.
Development of Multi-DOF Forceps using Multi-DOF Ultrasonic Motor (2003)

多自由度超音波モータを用いた内視鏡下手術用多自由度鉗子を開発した。すなわち, 術者動作検出のための入力部, ヒト手首と同等の自由度を有する鉗子部およびマスタ・スレーブ制御法から成るシステムを提案し, 動作を確認した。
Spatial Oversampling for Quantized LoS MIMO (2021)

Line of sight (LoS) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems provide attractive scaling properties for emerging millimeter wave (mmWave) systems, with the number of spatial degrees of freedom and available bandwidth both scaling up with carrier frequency. A standard architecture for LoS MIMO is an array of subarrays, where the number of subarrays equals the number of available spatial degrees of freedom. While this has the advantage of permitting each subarray to employ radio frequency (RF) beamforming, recent developments in mmWave radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) motivate consideration of more flexible configurations employing a larger number of receive antennas, with each element having its own RF chain and digital output. In this paper, we investigate how spatial oversampling with such configurations can help relax precision requirements for analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), which is a significant challenge as signaling bandwidths scale up. We illustrate our ideas via LoS MIMO systems with 4 spatially multiplexed QPSK and 16QAM modulated data streams and 2/3/4-bit ADCs, showing that 16 receive antenna elements spaced evenly across the aperture outperform standard array of subarrays architectures with the same number of antenna elements.
Skeletal muscle myocytes undergo protein loss and reactive oxygen‐mediated NF‐κB activation in response to tumor necrosis factorα (1998)

ABSTRACT Skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness are thought to be stimulated by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) in a variety of chronic diseases. However, little is known about the direct effects of TNF‐α on differentiated skeletal muscle cells or the signaling mechanisms involved. We have tested the effects of TNF‐α on the mouse‐derived C2C12 muscle cell line and on primary cultures from rat skeletal muscle. TNF‐α treatment of differentiated myotubes stimulated time‐ and concentration‐dependent reductions in total protein content and loss of adult myosin heavy chain (MHCf) content; these changes were evident at low TNF‐α concentrations (1–3 ng/ml) that did not alter muscle DNA content and were not associated with a decrease in MHCf synthesis. TNF‐α activated binding of nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) to its targeted DNA sequence and stimulated degradation of I‐κBα, an NF‐κB inhibitory protein. TNF‐α stimulated total ubiquitin conjugation whereas a 26S proteasome inhibitor (MG132 10–40 μM) blocked TNF‐α activation of NF‐κB. Catalase 1 kU/ml inhibited NF‐κB activation by TNF‐α exogenous hydrogen peroxide 200 μM activated NF‐κB and stimulated I‐κBα degradation. These data demonstrate that TNF‐α directly induces skeletal muscle protein loss, that NF‐κB is rapidly activated by TNF‐α in differentiated skeletal muscle cells, and that TNF‐α/NF‐κB signaling in skeletal muscle is regulated by endogenous reactive oxygen species.—Li, Y.‐P., Schwartz, R. J., Waddell, I. D., Holloway, B. R., Reid, M. B. Skeletal muscle myocytes undergo protein loss and reactive oxygen‐mediated NF‐κB activation in response to tumor necrosis factorα. FASEB J . 12, 871–880 (1998)
Inverse-filter method to suppress pressure measurement distortion due to spatial averaging across a membrane hydrophone sensitive element (2020)

This paper reports an investigation of an inverse-filter method to correct for experimental underestimation of pressure due to spatial averaging across a hydrophone sensitive element. The spatial averaging filter (SAF) depends on hydrophone type (membrane, needle, or fiber-optic), hydrophone geometrical sensitive element diameter, transducer driving frequency, and transducer F number (ratio of focal length to diameter) [Wear, IEEE Trans UFFC 66, 318–339 (2019)]. The absolute difference between theoretical and experimental SAFs for 25 transducer / hydrophone pairs was 7% ± 3% (mean ± standard deviation). Empirical formulas based on SAFs allow for correction for hydrophone spatial averaging errors in peak compressional pressure (pc), peak rarefactional pressure (pr), pulse intensity integral (pii), mechanical index (MI), and spatial-peak-temporal-average intensity (Istpa). The formulas show, for example, that if a 3-MHz, F/2 transducer is driven to moderate nonlinear distortion and measured at the focal point with a 500-μm membrane hydrophone, then spatial averaging errors are approximately 16% (pc), 12% (pr and MI), and 24% (pii and Istpa). The formulas are based on circular transducers but also provide plausible upper bounds for spatial averaging errors for transducers with rectangular-transmit apertures, such as linear and phased arrays.
A Robust Watermarking Technique for Secure Sharing of BASN Generated Medical Data (2014)

As remote health monitoring BASN technology matures and begins to proliferate, several issues related to the secure sharing of the resulting medical electronic data have come to the fore. This includes the need to provide the data owner (BASN user / patient) and the data consumers (healthcare providers, insurance companies, medical research facilities) secure control over the medical data as it is shared between these various stakeholders. In this paper, we focus on three secure sharing use-cases: proof of ownership, wherein the data owner must prove that she/he is the originator of the data, data tracking, wherein the data owner must trace unauthorized sharing of her/his bio signal data, and content authentication, wherein the data owner must prove whether the bio signal data has been maliciously altered. To address these use-cases, we develop a robust watermarking technique to embed security information into bio signal data such that the semantic fidelity of the data is unaffected, the bio-signal waveforms are altered imperceptibly, and the watermark is not easily corrupted, recovered or spoofed by malicious data consumers. Based on experimentally collected datasets from a gait-stability monitoring BASN, we show that our watermarking technique can robustly and effectively embed up to 1000 bit watermarks under these constraints.
Optical Frequency Comb Fourier Transform Spectroscopy with Resolution beyond the Path Difference Limit (2016)

We overcome the resolution limit of Fourier transform spectrometry and measure instrumental-lineshape-free high-resolution broadband molecular spectra by matching the spectrometer’s optical path difference to the line spacing of an optical frequency comb.
Hands-on cybersecurity exercises for introductory classes: tutorial presentation (2016)

Cyber security has been included as a core knowledge area in the ACM/IEEE CS2013 Curricula Guidelines and is mentioned in more than half of the other knowledge areas [1]. Yet there are few resources for faculty to integrate these topics into their classes. In this tutorial, we focus on basic concepts and tools, such as how ssh works.
Anisotropic Third-Order Susceptibility of a Nematic Solution of a Rodlike Polymer (PBT) (1992)

Abstract The anisotropic third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3) of monodomain samples of nematic solutions of poly[1,4-phenylene-2,6-benzobisthiazole], PBT, a rodlike polymer, have been studied by third harmonic generation. The principal component of χ(3)(−3ω;ω,ω,ω) is not along the nematic director, as opposed to the linear dielectric, which has the maximum refractive index along the director.
An iron-sulfur center and a free radical in the active anaerobic ribonucleotide reductase of Escherichia coli. (1993)

Anaerobically grown Escherichia coli contain an oxygen-sensitive ribonucleotide reductase. The enzyme requires anaerobic activation by two E. coli fractions with S-adenosylmethionine, NADPH, dithiothreitol, and KCl. We now find that photochemically reduced deazaflavin can substitute for these two fractions and NADPH. The reductase contained roughly equimolar amounts of iron and sulfide, suggesting the presence of an Fe-S complex. The cluster is characterized by a charge transfer band at 420 nm and a low temperature EPR signal centered at g = 2.01 that is difficult to saturate at 14 K, suggested to be a (3Fe-4S)+ cluster. In five different preparations of essentially protein-pure reductase containing widely different amounts of iron, the catalytic activity correlated well with the iron content. The iron signal disappeared during reductive anaerobic activation, with the appearance of a new EPR signal at g = 2.0033 showing a temperature behavior and microwave power saturability consistent with an organic free radical. The signal disappeared after exposure of the activated enzyme to air. We suggest that activation involves generation of a specific amino acid free radical that is dependent on the reduced Fe-S cluster and S-adenosylmethionine. From other work it appears likely that the free radical is localized on glycine 681 of the polypeptide chain.
Immunosuppressants implicate protein phosphatase regulation of K+ channels in guard cells. (1993)

The elevation of Ca2+ levels in the cytoplasm inactivates inward-rectifying K+ channels that play a central role in regulating the apertures of stomatal pores in higher plants. However, the mechanism for the Ca(2+)-mediated inhibition of K(+)-channel function is unknown. Using patch-clamp techniques, we show that cyclophilin-cyclosporin A and FK506-binding protein-FK506 complexes, which are highly specific inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin), block Ca(2+)-induced inactivation of K+ channels in Vicia faba guard cells. A constitutively active calcineurin fragment that is Ca(2+)-independent inhibits K(+)-channel activity in the absence of Ca2+. We have also identified an endogenous Ca(2+)-dependent phosphatase activity from V. faba that is inhibited by the cyclophilin-cyclosporin A and FK506-binding protein-FK506 complexes. Our findings implicate a Ca(2+)-dependent, calcineurin-like protein phosphatase in a Ca2+ signal-transduction pathway of higher plants.
Wide‐Range Color Tuning of Narrowband Emission in Multi‐resonance Organoboron Delayed Fluorescence Materials through Rational Imine/Amine Functionalization (2021)

Abstract Establishing a simple and versatile design strategy to finely modulate emission colors while retaining high luminescence efficiency and color purity remains an appealing yet challenging task for the development of multi‐resonance‐induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials. Herein, we demonstrate that the strategic introduction of electron‐withdrawing imine and electron‐donating amine moieties into a versatile boron‐embedded 1,3‐bis(carbazol‐9‐yl)benzene skeleton enables systematic hypsochromic and bathochromic shifts of narrowband emissions, respectively. By this method, effective electroluminescence color tuning was accomplished over a wide visible range from deep‐blue to yellow (461–571 nm), using the same MR molecular system, without compromising very narrow spectral features. Deep‐blue to yellow organic light‐emitting diodes with maximum external quantum efficiencies as high as 19.0–29.2 % and superb color purity could be produced with this family of color‐tunable MR‐TADF emitters.
Poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)–Poly(benzyl methacrylate) Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles via RAFT Emulsion Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, and Interfacial Activity (2014)

A poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) macromolecular chain transfer agent has been utilized to polymerize benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)-mediated aqueous emulsion polymerization. This formulation leads to the efficient formation of spherical diblock copolymer nanoparticles at up to 50% solids. The degree of polymerization (DP) of the core-forming PBzMA block has been systematically varied to control the mean particle diameter from 20 to 193 nm. Conversions of more than 99% were achieved for PGMA51–PBzMA250 within 6 h at 70 °C using macro-CTA/initiator molar ratios ranging from 3.0 to 10.0. DMF GPC analyses confirmed that relatively low polydispersities (Mw/Mn < 1.30) and high blocking efficiencies could be achieved. These spherical nanoparticles are stable to both freeze–thaw cycles and the presence of added salt (up to 0.25 M MgSO4). Three sets of PGMA51–PBzMAx spherical nanoparticles have been used to prepare stable Pickering emulsions at various copolymer concentrations in four model oils: sunflower oil, n-dodecane, n-hexane, and isopropyl myristate. A reduction in mean droplet diameter was observed via laser diffraction on increasing the nanoparticle concentration. Finally, the cis diol functionality on the PGMA stabilizer chains has been exploited to demonstrate the selective adsorption of PGMA51–PBzMA100 nanoparticles onto a micropatterned phenylboronic acid-functionalized planar surface. Formation of a cyclic boronate ester at pH 10 causes strong selective binding of the nanoparticles via the cis-diol groups in the PGMA stabilizer chains, as judged by AFM studies. Control experiments confirmed that minimal selective nanoparticle binding occurred at pH 4, or if the PGMA51 stabilizer block was replaced with a poly(ethylene glycol) PEG113 stabilizer block.