gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Airborne Ocean Surface Current Measurements for Offshore Applications (2015)

Previous research programs have developed and demonstrated the capability to extract near-shore surface currents from airborne sequences of visual images of surface waves. This same technique can be used for remote sensing of the open ocean to retrieve surface currents over extensive areas in a relatively short period of time. Here, we demonstrate airborne current measurements over deepwater areas of the Gulf of Mexico. The system comprises a pair of digital cameras to image the surface waves, and inertial navigation system and software processing to retrieve the Doppler shift due to the ocean currents. The system measures currents in real-time along the flight path with an accuracy of 5 cm/s on 250 m × 250 m scales. A typical flight can cover 1000 km of linear flight lines in a 4 hour period. The survey data provide a synoptic scale view of Loop Current eddies and detailed measurements along oceanic fronts. This new technology can fulfill a need for rapidly acquiring real-time measurements of currents over a broad region in support of oil spill response; offshore surface current monitoring; and search and rescue operations.
Effect of Heat Treatments on the Meltability of Cheeses (2001)

The effect of heat treatments on the meltability of cheese was investigated. Cheddar cheeses of different composition and low-moisture, part-skim Mozzarella cheese were studied at 1, 3, 6, and 12 wk of aging. Cheese samples were heated to 60 degrees C and held for 0, 10, and 20 min before allowing the melted cheese to flow. Mean meltabilities, over all ages, of both Cheddar and Mozzarella cheeses decreased significantly as holding time increased. Meltability of young cheese was scarcely affected by the holding time, in sharp contrast to that of the old cheese where increasing the holding time greatly reduced meltability.
Identification of chronological and photoageing-associated microRNAs in human skin (2018)

MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that play key roles in regulating biological processes. In this study, we explored effects of chronological and photoageing on the miRNome of human skin. To this end, biopsies were collected from sun-exposed (outer arm, n = 45) and sun-protected (inner arm, n = 45) skin from fair-skinned (phototype II/III) healthy female volunteers of three age groups: young, 18-25 years, middle age, 40-50 years and aged, > 70 years. Strict inclusion criteria were used for photoageing scoring and for chronological ageing. Microarray analysis revealed that chronological ageing had minor effect on the human skin miRNome. In contrast, photoageing had a robust impact on miRNAs, and a set of miRNAs differentially expressed between sun-protected and sun-exposed skin of the young and aged groups was identified. Upregulation of miR-383, miR-145 and miR-34a and downregulation of miR-6879, miR-3648 and miR-663b were confirmed using qRT-PCR in sun-exposed skin compared with sun-protected skin. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that miR-383, miR-34a and miR-134 were differentially expressed in all three age groups both in chronological and photoageing, suggesting a synergetic effect of intrinsic and extrinsic ageing on their expression. In conclusion, our study identifies a unique miRNA signature which may contribute to skin ageing.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Active Dinuclear Palladium Complexes Containing a Pd—Pd Bond: Preparation and Enantioinduction Ability in Asymmetric Ring‐Opening Reactions. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes based on the red phosphorescent emitter sensitized by the green emitting iridium complex (2010)

We demonstrated the red phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with sensitizer, iridium(III) tris(2-phenylpyridine) [Ir(ppy) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> ]. The devices with sensitizer showed a significant improvement in a luminance and efficiency compared to those without sensitizer. Moreover, the electroluminescent (EL) spectra of devices with sensitizer show a similar emission peak with photoluminescent (PL) spectra of iridium(III) bis(2-phenylquinoline)(acetylaceton) [Ir(pq) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> (acac)] under the optimized doping ratio of Ir(pq) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> (acac) and Ir(ppy) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> . It is because that the triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> MLCT) state of Ir(ppy) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> is higher than that of Ir(pq) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> (acac) and the intra-molecular energy transfer (IMET) time (within ns time scale) from the ppy-centered <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> MLCT state to the pq-centered <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> MLCT state is shorter than the radiative lifetime (within µs time scale) of Ir(ppy) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> .
Promoting fluidity in the flow of packets of 802.11 wireless mesh networks (2007)

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are based on packet forwarding and therefore require efficient multi-hop protocols for their deployment. Toward this objective, we study the flow of packets through the network and using an analogy with fluid physics we classify them as being either laminar in the case of a smooth propagation or turbulent otherwise. Following this terminology, we present the tendency of current 802.11 to generate turbulent flows, i.e. to queue packets at the intermediate nodes for a non-deterministic time. However numerous applications such as VoIP, TCP and streaming are very delay sensitive and therefore laminar behavior is desirable. We model existing 802.11 multi-hop networks and identify the exponential backoff policy as a main parameter in the transition between laminar and turbulent behavior.
Wettability Alteration of Calcite by Nonionic Surfactants (2018)

The process of selecting an effective surfactant for wettability alteration is dependent on a number of factors, including mineral type, temperature, salinity, and nature of adsorbed oil and ultimately how the molecular structure of the surfactant interacts with all of these. Here, we present an experimental study of the effectiveness of nonionic surfactants with different hydrophobic groups and different lengths of hydrophilic ethylene oxide oligomers. The surfactants selected alter the wettability of the rock primarily by acting on the water-rock and oil-rock interfaces. The dynamics of wettability alteration is measured by the evolution of contact angles of oil drops on initially oil-wet surfaces at three different temperatures. Wettability alteration is found to be enhanced by surfactants with shorter hydrophilic units and increased temperatures. Experimental observations are efficiently summarized by a few thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. Qualitative experiments are performed to study surfactant-induced dewetting of oil films. Finally, a model involving "coating" and "sweeping" mechanisms is proposed to explain the mechanism of surfactant action.
High performance metal hydride based thermal energy storage systems for concentrating solar power (2023)

Thermal energy storage (TES) systems based on metal hydride pairs using new class of high efficiency materials are evaluated. The use of low temperature metal cost effective material such hydrides NaAlH4 and Na3AlH6 became possible. In order to obtain high efficiency at reasonable cost high temperature materials were altered by the addition of materials to form reversible alloys and hydrides. The compounds were cycled to determine stability of hydrogen capacity over extended number of cycling. A thermal energy storage system based on two metal hydride pairs such as CaAl/CaH2/Al:NaAlH4, Ca2Si/CaH2/Si:Na3AlH6 and NaMgH2F—Si/Mg2Si—NaF:Na3AlH6 allows low cost and high efficiency performance.
The Effect of Blood Flow on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Non Thermal Irreversible Electroporation (2013)

To generate an understanding of the physiological significance of MR images of Non-Thermal Irreversible Electroporation (NTIRE) we compared the following MR imaging sequences: T1W, T2W, PD, GE, and T2 SPAIR acquired after NTIRE treatment in a rodent liver model. The parameters that were studied included the presence or absence of a Gd-based contrast agent, and in vivo and ex-vivo NTIRE treatments in the same liver. NTIRE is a new minimally invasive tissue ablation modality in which pulsed electric fields cause molecularly selective cell death while, the extracellular matrix and large blood vessels remain patent. This attribute of NTIRE is of major clinical importance as it allows treatment of undesirable tissues near critical blood vessels. The presented study results suggest that MR images acquired following NTIRE treatment are all directly related to the unique pattern of blood flow after NTIRE treatment and are not produced in the absence of blood flow.
Live cell tracking on an optical biochip platform (2007)

We have developed a range of optical biochip devices for conducting live and fixed cell-based assays. The devices encompass the ability to process an entire assay including fluorescently labelling cells, a microfluidic system to transport and maintain cells to deliver them to an optical area of the device for measurement, with the possibility of a incorporating a sorting step in between. On-chip excitation provided by red emitting LED and lasers define the excitation wavelength of the fluorophore to be incorporated into the assay readout. The challenge for such an integrated microfluidic optical biochip has been to identify and characterise a longterm fluorescent label suitable for tracking cell proliferation status in living cells. Traditional organic fluorophores have inherent disadvantages when considering their use for an on-chip device requiring longterm cellular tracking. This has led us to utilise inorganic quantum dots (QDots) as fluorophores for on- chip assays. QDs have unique properties such as photostability, broad absorption and narrow emission spectra and are available in a range of emission wavelengths including far red. They also have much higher quantum efficiencies than traditional organic fluorophores thus increasing the possible dynamic range for on-chip detection. Some of the QDots used have the added advantage of labelling intact cells and being retained and distributed among daughter cells at division, allowing their detection for up to 6 generations. The use of these QDs off-chip has suggested that they are ideal for live cell, nonperturbing labelling of division events, whereby over time the QD signal becomes diluted with each generation. Here we describe the use of quantum dots as live cell tracers for proliferating populations and the potential applications in drug screening and optical biochip environments.
Time in therapeutic range of anticoagulation among patients with atrial fibrillation and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (2021)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) present risks of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Vitamin K antagonist use is associated with fluctuations in international normalized ratio (INR), which predispose to a higher bleeding risk. Patients with a diagnosis of AF and ICH while on a vitamin K antagonist were identified using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Sixty patients were identified (mean age 81.3 years; 24 men). Thirty-three (55%) exhibited characteristics consistent with possible (n = 25) or probable (n = 8) CAA. Mean time in therapeutic range in the 30 days preceding ICH was 55.4%, with no difference between CAA and non-CAA patients. Mean time spent above therapeutic range (INR > 3.0) was 17.7%, with no difference between CAA and non-CAA patients. Following ICH, 21 (35%) died within 30 days, with total mortality at 76.7% after 176.4 person-years of follow-up (mean 2.9 years). Time in therapeutic range in the 30 days prior to ICH had no significant impact on 7-day mortality, nor risk of recurrent ICH or ischemic stroke. Patients with warfarin-related ICH were often outside of the therapeutic range within the month preceding hemorrhage but more frequently were subtherapeutic. Even with careful avoidance of supratherapeutic INR, vitamin K antagonist use in CAA patients is unlikely to have a major effect in preventing ICH and must be used with caution.
Phytochromes mediate germination inhibition under red, far-red, and white light in Aethionema arabicum (2023)

The view on the role of light during seed germination stems mainly from studies with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), where light is required to initiate this process. In contrast, white light is a strong inhibitor of germination in other plants, exemplified by accessions of Aethionema arabicum, another member of Brassicaceae. Their seeds respond to light with gene expression changes of key regulators converse to that of Arabidopsis, resulting in opposite hormone regulation and prevention of germination. However, the photoreceptors involved in this process in A. arabicum remain unknown. Here, we screened a mutant collection of A. arabicum and identified koy-1, a mutant that lost light inhibition of germination due to a deletion in the promoter of HEME OXYGENASE 1, the gene for a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the phytochrome chromophore. koy-1 seeds were unresponsive to red- and far-red light and hyposensitive under white light. Comparison of hormone and gene expression between wild type and koy-1 revealed that very low light fluence stimulates germination, while high irradiance of red and far-red light is inhibitory, indicating a dual role of phytochromes in light-regulated seed germination. The mutation also affects the ratio between the 2 fruit morphs of A. arabicum, suggesting that light reception via phytochromes can fine-tune several parameters of propagation in adaptation to conditions in the habitat.
RELEASING HORMONE: Extrapituitary Actions and Paracrine Control Mechanisms (1983)

After the purification of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), many laboratories have investigated the effects of GnRH and its agonists on various reproductive functions. In both males and females, administration of GnRH or its potent agonists results in sustained increases in serum gonadotropins. Since pituitary gonadotropins are essential for normal gona­ dal functions, and since hypothalamic GnRH was believed to act solely on the pituitary gland, treatment with high doses of GnRH and its agonists had been predicted to be a potential means for enhancing fertility. Paradoxically, long-term administration of pharmacological doses of GnRH or potent GnRH agonists was shown to decrease a variety of female and male reproductive functions (22). In females, the reported paradoxical actions of GnRH include: inhibition of ovarian steroidogenesis and gonado­ tropin receptor content; inhibition of follicle maturation and ovulation; delays in ovum transport and ovum implantation; termination of preg­ nancy; decreases in uterine growth; and ovarian-dependent mamm ary tumorigenesis. Similarly, in males, long-term administration of high doses of GnRH or GnRH agonists results in decreases of testicular weight, steroidogenesis, and gonadotropin receptor content; inhibition of spermato­ genesis; and arrest of male accessory sex organ growth.
Message from the Editor (2018)

The eleventh volume of Transactions of The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging (Trans.JIEP, English version) has been prepared for
Inside Back Cover: Molecular Origin of Blood‐Based Infrared Spectroscopic Fingerprints (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 31/2021) (2021)

A snapshot of blood serum composition reflects the health state of an individual. It can be obtained using infrared spectroscopy in a simple and inexpensive manner, but the molecular nature of the disease-related changes therein remains poorly understood. In their Research Article on page 17060, Liudmila Voronina, Mihaela Žigman et al. used proteomics to reveal a set of proteins that contribute the most to infrared absorption of blood serum and show that they create a distinct signature of lung cancer.
Comparison of the performance of high-speed abrasive-entrained, cavitating and plain water jets for selective mining applications (1992)

ABSTRACT This Investigation was concerned with the potential of the high-speed abrasive-entrained, cavitating and plain water Jets for selective mining of metal-bearing rock minerals, by slotting along the seams or fragmentation within the ore zone. Limited number of tests were conducted in the laboratory on slotting of metal-bearing and non-metal-bearing (muck or waste) rock samples supplied by the mines in Northern Ontario, Canada. The range of independent variables investigated were as follows: Tests with cavitating jets, issuing from a simple conical entry and from a centre-body nozzle, were conducted under submerged conditions. The nozzle diameter was held constant at 1·20 nun for all the tests. The conclusion from this preliminary and limited investigation was that all three types of high-speed water jets have a good potential for selective mining of netal bearing rock material, although more work Is required to optimize the nozzle systems. Within the range of variables investigated, the jets had virtually no effect on the non-metal-bearing rock samples. Based on this preliminary work, recommendations for implementing water Jet techniques for selective mining are put forward.
Digital Filters for Accurately Verifying the Performance of Hearing Protectors in Use (2010)

The performance of hearing protectors can be assessed in situ by measuring the sound pressure inside the ear canal following the Microphone In Real Ear (MIRE) protocol. Thus a custom-made earplug has been designed with an inner bore, allowing the insertion of the MIRE measurement microphone. However, the actual exposure level can only be accurately predicted if the relationship, henceforth called transfer function, between the sound level at the microphone and at the eardrum is known. Previous research has revealed that the transfer function can be precisely approximated with an individualized FDTD model, but a simplified method is needed for practical implementation due to the time-consuming nature of this numerical technique. In this matter, a one-dimensional analytical model appears inadequate, hence an approximation to the detailed FDTD model based on digital filter design is proposed instead. Two different approaches have been applied to estimate the individualized filter coefficients: multiple linear regression and Multivariate Orthonormal Vector Fitting (MOVE). In general, both methods can predict an individual's transfer function quite accurately if the length of the earplug's inner bore and the length of the residual part of the ear canal behind the protector are known. However, MOVE seems more reliable for ears with a longer residual part.
Super High Frequency Aluminum Nitride Two-Dimensional-Mode Resonators With $k_{t}^{2}$ Exceeding 4.9% (2017)

In this work we demonstrate high values of electromechanical coupling coefficient (k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) exceeding 4.9% in 1-μm thick Aluminum Nitride (AlN) two-dimensional-mode resonators (2DMRs) operating around 3.2 GHz. Such a high k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -value, which is attained thanks to the transduction of the resonators through both the d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">33</sub> and d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sub> piezoelectric coefficients of AlN, enables low-power oscillators and low insertion-loss filters, operating in the Super-High-Frequency (SHF) range.
Partial Multilevel Coding with Probabilistic Shaping for Low-power Optical Transmission (2019)

We propose a combination of probabilistic shaping and multilevel coding. Evaluation results demonstrate that using this method enables us to reduce implementation complexity while maintaining a strong performance.
End-user debugging strategies (2012)

Despite decades of research into how professional programmers debug, only recently has work emerged about how end-user programmers attempt to debug programs. Without this knowledge, we cannot build tools to adequately support their needs. This article reports the results of a detailed qualitative empirical study of end-user programmers' sensemaking about a spreadsheet's correctness. Using our study's data, we derived a sensemaking model for end-user debugging and categorized participants' activities and verbalizations according to this model, allowing us to investigate how participants went about debugging. Among the results are identification of the prevalence of information foraging during end-user debugging, two successful strategies for traversing the sensemaking model, potential ties to gender differences in the literature, sensemaking sequences leading to debugging progress, and sequences tied with troublesome points in the debugging process. The results also reveal new implications for the design of spreadsheet tools to support end-user programmers' sensemaking during debugging.
Mechanically flexible polymeric compound one-dimensional photonic crystals for terahertz frequencies (2010)

We describe the fabrication and characterization of fully flexible one-dimensional photonic crystals for terahertz frequencies based on alternating layers of a highly refracting polymeric compound and a pure polymer. Due to the high permittivity contrast and low intrinsic material absorption, even a low number of layers yields structures with a pronounced artificial band gap, with a center frequency reflectivity close to unity. Besides the high filter performance, the polymeric compound one-dimensional photonic crystals can be employed for beam shaping by applying a curvature to the mechanically flexible structures, since the spectral characteristics remain nearly unchanged when the structure is flexed.