gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of an Assay for Ozone-Specific Antioxidant Capacity (2003)

A method of determining the ozone-specific antioxidant capacity (OZAC) of lavage samples from the respiratory system was developed: Gaseous ozone (O(3)) was produced in cuvettes by irradiation with an ultraviolet lamp; aliquots of sample or of a saline control were then added and sufficient time was allowed for ozonation to reach completion; and an aliquot of indigo trisulfonate (ITS) was added to react with excess O(3). Because each molecule of O(3) rapidly bleaches one molecule of the deeply colored ITS, an OZAC value in concentration units was computed from the difference in light absorbance between the sample and the saline control multiplied by the extinction coefficient of ITS. Experiments in 0-40 micro M antioxidant solutions indicated that the OZAC values of uric acid and ascorbic acid were close to their actual concentrations and were independent of O(3) concentration. On the other hand, the OZAC of reduced glutathione and possibly human nasal lavage were nonlinearly related to antioxidant concentration and were directly related to O(3) concentration.
Biosensors based on GaN nanoring optical cavities (2016)

Abstract Biosensors based on GaN nanoring optical cavities were demonstrated using room-temperature photoluminescence measurements. The outer diameter, height, and thickness of the GaN nanorings were approximately 750–800, 900, and 130–180 nm, respectively. The nanorings functioned as whispering-gallery-mode (WGM)-type optical cavities and exhibited sharp resonant peaks like lasing actions. The evanescent component of the WGM was strongly affected by the refractive index of the ambient environment, the type of liquid, and the sucrose concentration of the analyzed solution, resulting in shifts of the resonant wavelengths. The results indicate that the GaN nanorings can potentially be used in sugar sensors of the biosensors.
A rational design to create hybrid β-sheet breaker peptides to inhibit aggregation and toxicity of amyloid-β (2010)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by deposits of the amyloid β protein (Aβ) in the form of senile plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Deposition of Aβ into these pathological lesions is directed by step-wise aggregation of Aβ into oligomers, protofibrils and mature fibrils. Currently, all therapies are purely symptom-relieving, and an actual treatment or prevention of AD is still lacking. Since aggregated forms of Aβ are particularly neurotoxic, interference with the process of Aβ aggregation is a long-envisioned target for therapy. Based on the knowledge that both sulfated (macro)molecules and small synthetic peptides interfere with Aβ aggregation, we developed hybrid ligands to target Aβ fibrillization by a combination of peptide-peptide and sulfate-peptide interactions. A series of peptides, modified at the N-terminus with sulfated linkers, was successfully prepared by solid phase synthesis. The hybrid ligands were tested using a viability assay and an aggregation assay. Molecular modeling was applied to explain the binding of the hybrid ligands to Aβ42. The hybrid ligands that we designed, synthesized and evaluated were found to be non-toxic to cells but displayed negligible inhibition of Aβ fibrillization and Aβ-mediated cytotoxicity compared to the beta-sheet breaker peptides known today. Further molecular modeling simulations suggested that the hybrid ligands were incorporated into the β-sheet structure of Aβ aggregates, indicating that the hybrid ligands may bind to Aβ but are unable to inhibit further aggregation. Optimization of the hybrid ligands by reducing hydrogen bond interactions of the ligand with following Aβ proteins might result in ligands, with improved binding to one Aβ protein, that could potentially disrupt further β-sheet formation. This in turn may reduce toxicity of Aβ.
Mass Transport and Chemical Demixing of Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O Compounds During Sintering in Temperature Gradients (1988)

A thin cylindrical powder compact (3‐mm diameter by 20‐mm) with a nominal composition of YBa 2 Cu 3 O x was sintered in a static temperature gradient of 25°C/mm in air for 12 h. The temperature at the hot end of the sample was maintained at 940°±5°C. Considerable mass transport and chemical demixing occurred along the length of the sample. The results are consistent with the formation of a liquid phase at the hot end of the sample, transport of the liquid down the temperature gradient, and the formation of different eutectic compositions along the length of the sample. The implications for processing high‐T c superconductors in the system Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O are discussed.
Precoding in Multiple-Antenna Broadcast Systems with a Probabilistic Viewpoint (2007)

In this paper, we investigate the minimum average transmit energy that can be obtained in multiple antenna broadcast systems with channel inversion technique. The achievable gain can be significantly higher than the conventional gains that are mentioned in methods like (C.B. Peel et al., 2005). In order to obtain this gain, we introduce a selective mapping (SLM) technique (based on random coding arguments). We propose to implement the SLM method by using nested lattice codes in a trellis precoding framework.
CYTOKINE (CK) RELEASE PATTERN UPON AUTOLOGOUS TUMOR STIMULATION OF RENAL TUMOR-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES (TIL) (1993)

Steger, G. G.; Czernin, J.; Kaboo, R.; Duckett, T.; deKernion, J. B.; Figlin, Robert; Belldegrun, A. Author Information
Serial Diffusion MRI to Monitor and Model Treatment Response of the Targeted Nanotherapy CRLX101 (2013)

Temporal changes in ADC specified early CRLX101 treatment response and could be used to model image-derived cell proliferation rates following treatment. Comparisons of targeted and nontargeted treatments highlight the utility of noninvasive imaging and modeling to evaluate, monitor, and predict responses to targeted nanotherapeutics.
SUAV:Q - a hybrid approach to solar-powered flight (2016)

Selecting an aerial platform for an application typically requires compromise. A choice must be made between the flight time and long-range capabilities of a fixed-wing aircraft or the maneuverability and stationary characteristics of a multi-rotor platform. Recent developments of small-scale solar-powered UAVs have leveraged the advances in solar cell, energy storage, and propulsion system technology to reach extended flight times capable of all-day and multi-day flight. This paper presents the concept of a small-scale hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle capable of augmenting the maneuverability of a quad-rotor with the energy collection and supply of a solar-powered fixed-wing aircraft. An investigation into the aircraft design, transforming mechanism, and energy management of the multi-state system is presented. A proof-of-concept prototype has been constructed to demonstrate the airframe operating in a quad-rotor configuration. Power electronics capable of simultaneous battery charging and power loading from a solar array have been validated. Additional work in optimization of the propulsion system and airframe needs to be completed to maximize the performance of the hybrid system.
The usefulness of web spam (2011)

Abstract Spam comprises at least 60 % of the public web, and search engine companies invest considerable effort in rejecting these apparently useless pages. But how bad are spam pages in search results? Can spam be dealt with as a side-effect of dealing with page utility, or is the relationship more complex? Thirty-four volunteer judges rated selected individual documents first on usefulness to a specified task and then on degree of “spamminess”. Our results show that the relationship between spamminess and utility is far from clear cut; judges found that an important proportion of spam documents were useful. We conclude that evaluation should consider both utility and spamminess, as separate factors; and that search engines should not summarily discard spam pages but should take their utility into account as well.
Functional cAMP assay optimization at CHO cells expressing A2A adenosine receptors and stably transfected with firefly luciferase biosensor (2012)

A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) ligands have been proposed as an attractive pharmacological tool for the treatment of several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. In this work, we perform and validate a new functional cAMP assay suitable for the evaluation of A2AAR ligand activity. This functional assay uses a biosensor expressing a mutant form of Photinus pyralis luciferase into which a cAMP-binding protein moiety has been inserted. When cAMP binds to the biosensor, there is an increased light output proportional to the A2AAR ligand activities. Hence, a new CHO cell line expressing A2AARs and stably transfected with firefly luciferase biosensor was generated. A2AAR agonists and antagonists were tested using cAMP assay in the new cell line, which allowed speeding up and facilitating the screening of the ligands. The results achieved are in agreement with those obtained with binding studies.
Storage-Latency Trade-Off in Cache-Aided Fog Radio Access Networks (2018)

A fog radio access network (F-RAN) is studied, in which K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> edge nodes (ENs) connected to a cloud server via orthogonal fronthaul links, serve K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</sub> users through a wireless Gaussian interference channel. Both the ENs and the users have finite-capacity cache memories, which are filled before the user demands are revealed. While a centralized placement phase is used for the ENs, which model static base stations, a decentralized placement is leveraged for the mobile users. An achievable transmission scheme is presented, which employs a combination of interference alignment, zero-forcing and interference cancellation techniques in the delivery phase, and the \textit{normalized delivery time} (NDT), which captures the worst-case latency, is analyzed.
Compact modeling of normally-on mosfet applicable for any technology generations (2017)

A physics-based, compact modeling approach is applied to normally-on MOSFET, resulting to a complete description of the device internal potential distribution. The surface current and the resistive current in the neutral region are expressed as a function of the calculated potential distribution. The model is verified to reproduce total drain current as well as capacitances for different device generations. It is demonstrated that the coupling between the charge induced at the surface and that induced due to the p/n junction modify the potential distribution under different conditions, which leads to the carrier mobility modification as well.
Insulin-mediated regulation of the endothelial renin???angiotensin system and vascular cell growth (2003)

Either low or high levels of insulin suppressed angiotensinogen and renin expression, however, high doses of insulin stimulated ACE activity in cultured human aortic EC. This may indicate that insulin regulates vascular cell growth and endothelial function via bifunctional modification of the vascular angiotensin generation.
Subsequent primary malignancies and acute myelogenous leukemia transformation among myelodysplastic syndrome patients treated with or without lenalidomide (2016)

The few studies that have examined rates of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) transformation in lenalidomide-treated myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients have been limited to deletion 5q MDS. The association between lenalidomide and subsequent primary malignancies (SPMs) in MDS patients has not been evaluated previously. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the risk of both SPM and AML in association with lenalidomide. A cohort of MDS patients (n = 1248) treated between 2004 and 2012 at Moffitt Cancer Center were identified, and incident cases of SPM and AML transformation were ascertained. Using a nested case-control design, MDS controls were 1:1 matched to SPM (n = 41) and AML (n = 150) cases, on age and date of MDS diagnosis, gender, follow-up time, IPSS, and del (5q). Associations between lenalidomide and (1) SPM incidence and (2) AML transformation were estimated with hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in the cohort and odds ratios (OR) in the case-control analysis. SPM incidence did not differ significantly between cohort MDS patients treated with (0.7 per 100 person-years) or without lenalidomide (1.4 per 100 person-years) (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.40-2.74), whereas a significantly reduced SPM risk was observed in the case-control sample (OR = 0.03, 95% CI = <0.01-0.63). Lenalidomide was not associated with AML transformation in the cohort analysis (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.44-1.27) or in the case-control analyses (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.52-2.56), after adjustment for potential confounders. Lenalidomide was not associated with increased risk of SPM or AML transformation in a large cohort of MDS patients mostly including nondeletion 5q MDS.
Accurate solar-power integration: Solar-weighted Gaussian quadrature (2019)

In this technical note, we explain how to construct Gaussian quadrature rules for efficiently and accurately computing integrals of S(x)f(x) where S(x) is the solar irradiance function tabulated in the ASTM standard and f(x) is an arbitary application-specific smooth function. This allows the integral to be computed accurately with a relatively small number of f(x) evaluations despite the fact that S(x) is non-smooth and wildly oscillatory. Julia software is provided to compute solar-weighted quadrature rules for an arbitrary bandwidth or number of points. We expect that this technique will be useful in solar-energy calculations, where f(x) is often a computationally expensive function such as an absorbance calculated by solving Maxwell's equations.
Impact of Blood Pressure Telemonitoring on Hypertension Outcomes: A Literature Review (2010)

We searched five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and ProQuest) from 1995 to September 2009 to collect evidence on the impact of blood pressure (BP) telemonitoring on BP control and other outcomes in telemonitoring studies targeting patients with hypertension as a primary diagnosis. Fifteen articles met our review criteria. We found that BP telemonitoring resulted in reduction of BP in all but two studies; systolic BP declined by 3.9 to 13.0 mm Hg and diastolic BP declined by 2.0 to 8.0 mm Hg across these studies. These magnitudes of effect are comparable to those observed in efficacy trials of some antihypertensive drugs. Although BP control was the primary outcome of these studies, some included secondary outcomes such as healthcare utilization and cost. Evidence of the benefits of BP telemonitoring on these secondary outcomes is less robust. Compliance with BP telemonitoring among patients was favorable, but compliance among participating healthcare providers was not well documented. The potential role of BP telemonitoring in the reduction of BP is discussed and suggestions on priority populations that can benefit from this technology are presented.
Clusterin-Mediated Apoptosis Is Regulated by Adenomatous Polyposis Coli and Is p21 Dependent but p53 Independent (2004)

Clusterin is a widely expressed glycoprotein that has been paradoxically observed to have both pro- and antiapoptotic functions. Recent reports suggest this apparent dichotomy of function may be related to two different isoforms, one secreted and cytoplasmic, the other nuclear. To clarify the functional role of clusterin in regulating apoptosis, we examined its expression in human colon cancer tissues and in human colon cancer cell lines. We additionally explored its expression and activity using models of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)- and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Clusterin RNA and protein levels were decreased in colon cancer tissues largely devoid of wild-type APC when compared with matched normal tissue controls, suggesting a means for invasive cancers to avoid apoptosis. Conversely, induction of apoptosis by expression of wild-type APC or by treatment with chemotherapy led to increased clusterin RNA and protein levels localizing to apoptotic nuclei. We found that transient transfection of clusterin to colon cancer cell lines directly enhanced basal and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Clusterin-induced apoptosis was inhibited by antisense clusterin and was found to be highly dependent on p21 but not p53 expression, yet a deficit in p21 can be subverted by clusterin transfection. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that nuclear clusterin function is proapoptotic when induced by APC or chemotherapy in the context of p21 expression. Absent of p21, clusterin in not induced, and apoptosis is significantly inhibited. These data support a potential therapeutic role for clusterin in enhancing chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and in promoting apoptosis in cells deficient in p21.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Planar Combustor Sector at Realistic Operating Conditions (2000)

Results of an ongoing collaboration between the engine manufacturer MTU and the German aerospace research center DLR on the NOx reduction potential of conventional combustors are reported. A program comprising optical sector combustor measurements at 1, 6, and 15 bars and CFD calculations is carried out. The aims are to gather information in the combustor at realistic operating conditions, to understand the differences between the sector flow field and data from tubular combustors, to verify the used CFD, and to discover the benefits and limitations of the applied optical diagnostics. Selected results of measurements and calculations of the isothermal flow and of measurements at 6 bars and 700 K at a rich-lean and overall lean AFR are reported. The used measurement techniques were LDA, PDA, Mie scattering on kerosene, quantitative light scattering, OH* chemiluminescence, and LIF on OH. The measurements were able to confirm the intended quick and homogeneous mixing of the three staggered rows of secondary air jets.
Mass recalibration for desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging using endogenous reference ions (2021)

1 Abstract Background Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) data often consist of tens of thousands of mass spectra collected from a sample surface. During the time necessary to perform a single acquisition, it is likely that uncontrollable factors alter the validity of the initial mass calibration of the instrument, resulting in mass errors of magnitude significantly larger than their expected values. This phenomenon has a two-fold detrimental effect: a) it reduces the ability to interpret the results based on the observed signals, b) it can affect the quality of the observed signal spatial distributions. Results We present a post-acquisition computational method capable of reducing the observed mass drift by up to 60 ppm in biological samples, exploiting the presence of typical molecules with a known mass-to-charge ratio. The procedure, tested on time-of-flight (TOF) and Orbitrap mass spectrometry analyzers interfaced to a desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) source, improves the molecular annotation quality and the spatial distributions of the detected ions. Conclusion The presented method represents a robust and accurate tool for performing post-acquisition mass recalibration of DESI-MSI datasets and can help to increase the reliability of the molecular assignment and the data quality.
Neutralization of radionuclides (2020)

Three cases are reviewed of radioactive material with anomalous decay after ultrasound irradiation. In the pure element thorium-228 in distilled water, the radioactivity decreased faster after cavitation than the natural decay. The more complex molecule of Nickel Nitrate, made of radioactive nickel-63, in solution of nitric acid and distilled water was investigated before and after ultrasound irradiation. The X-rays produced by Bremsstrahlung of the electrons from the beta decay of Ni-63 were recorded and a 13% decrease of intensity was measured after 100 s of sonication. A decrease of nickel and an increase of other elements was detected by mass spectrometry in the sonicated sample. The Cobalt-57 decay was investigated by detecting the gamma and X-ray intensity from the Iron-57 resulting after its beta emission. In this third case too, an anomalous decay was observed after sonication. These three cases of anomalous behavior can be explained at the light of the Deformed Space–Time theory. It assumes that a suitable sudden variation of energy density can induce a local deformation of space–time, thus violating the Local Lorentz Invariance. This variation can be created by the ultrasounds in the matter, thus, allowing reactions that cannot occur in a flat (Minkowskian) space–time. The “neutralization” of a radionuclide occurs when it undergoes a DST transformation changing the radionuclide into non-radioactive nuclides.
Exposure-based Interventions for the management of individuals with high levels of needle fear across the lifespan: a clinical practice guideline and call for further research (2016)

Needle fear typically begins in childhood and represents an important health-related issue across the lifespan. Individuals who are highly fearful of needles frequently avoid health care. Although guidance exists for managing needle pain and fear during procedures, the most highly fearful may refuse or abstain from such procedures. The purpose of a clinical practice guideline (CPG) is to provide actionable instruction on the management of a particular health concern; this guidance emerges from a systematic process. Using evidence from a rigorous systematic review interpreted by an expert panel, this CPG provides recommendations on exposure-based interventions for high levels of needle fear in children and adults. The AGREE-II, GRADE, and Cochrane methodologies were used. Exposure-based interventions were included. The included evidence was very low quality on average. Strong recommendations include the following. In vivo (live/in person) exposure-based therapy is recommended (vs. no treatment) for children seven years and older and adults with high levels of needle fear. Non-in vivo (imaginal, computer-based) exposure (vs. no treatment) is recommended for individuals (over seven years of age) who are unwilling to undergo in vivo exposure. Although there were no included trials which examined children < 7 years, exposure-based interventions are discussed as good clinical practice. Implementation considerations are discussed and clinical tools are provided. Utilization of these recommended practices may lead to improved health outcomes due to better health care compliance. Research on the understanding and treatment of high levels of needle fear is urgently needed; specific recommendations are provided.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Approach to 5‐Substituted 3‐Furaldehydes. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Periodic Domain Structures in Thin Hybrid Nematic Layers (1990)

Abstract Director distribution in the plane ef a thin equilibrium nematic layer with different and degenerate orientations of molecules on upper and lower surfaces is found to be periodic in the absence of external fields (Fig. 1).