gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probing Thermal and Chemical Stability of NaxNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 Cathode Material toward Safe Sodium-Ion Batteries (2018)

Because of the low cost and high abundance of sodium, room-temperature sodium-ion batteries have recently been considered as an alternative power source to lithium-ion batteries. In contrast to the electrochemical performance of the batteries, safety has been paid much less attention, but safety is a critical consideration because sodium-ion batteries are intended for large-scale electrochemical energy storage applications. Herein, we have reported a NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2/hard carbon full cell with a good cycling performance and high Coulombic efficiency. The energy density of this pouch cell is close to 95 Wh/kg, and the capacity retention of the NFM full cell attained at 92.6% after 100 cycle numbers. Moreover, we have further used accelerating rate calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and operando synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction to investigate the thermal/chemical stability of charged NaxNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material at both cell and component level. It is found that the thermal decomposition of desodiated NaxNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 is a redox reaction that can be facilitated with the presence of either a reductive environment, such as electrolytes, or a strong oxidative environment that can result from a higher degree of desodiation. The findings presented in this work can guide future development of advanced sodium-ion batteries for practical application.
Patient satisfaction with transdermal oxybutynin: Interim results from the matrix study (2005)

Background/Aims Transdermal oxybutynin (OXY-TDS) has been proven safe and effective in treating overactive bladder (OAB), with a low incidence of anticholinergic AEs. The anticholinergic AE profiles of oral agents may compromise persistence. We have initiated a study to evaluate QoL, safety, pt satisfaction, and persistence in OAB pts on OXY-TDS. Methods The Multicenter Assessment of Transdermal Therapy in Overactive Bladder with OXY-TDS (MATRIX study), an open-label, randomized, long-term, multicenter, prospective study, is to enroll 2500 community-dwelling adults. Pt-centered outcomes include persistence, tolerability, QoL, personal well-being, mood, social functioning, and activities of daily living. Validated questionnaires administered at baseline, 3 and 6 mos. Pt satisfaction data captured monthly via outbound calls. Results Currently 676 pts are enrolled. Mean age is 62.4y (21% ≥ 75y); 86% female, 85% Caucasian. Of pts enrolled, 186 had been on therapy for 1 mo. Of these, 80% found the patch to be convenient; 78% were satisfied with ease of application; 36% felt the patch offers benefits over previous OAB pharmacotherapy, including effectiveness (33%), tolerability (34%), and ease of application (37%). Conclusions Preliminary results provide positive pt feedback on OXY-TDS. Pts are satisfied with treatment and feel it offers benefits over previous OAB treatments. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P67–P67; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.12.149
High power ion beam generator systems and methods (2023)

Provided herein are high energy ion beam generator systems and methods that provide low cost, high performance, robust, consistent, uniform, low gas consumption and high current/high-moderate voltage generation of neutrons and protons. Such systems and methods find use for the commercial-scale generation of neutrons and protons for a wide variety of research, medical, security, and industrial processes.
Anti-20S proteasome antibodies in psoriatic arthritis. (2008)

Immunoreactivity against proteasomes occurs frequently in patients with PsA. This finding supports the concept of PsA as an autoimmune disease and opens new avenues for investigating its pathogenesis.
ePathOptimize: A Combinatorial Approach for Transcriptional Balancing of Metabolic Pathways (2015)

The ability to fine tune gene expression has created the field of metabolic pathway optimization and balancing where a variety of factors affecting flux balance are carefully modulated to improve product titers, yields, and productivity. Using a library of isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible mutant T7 promoters of varied strength a combinatorial method was developed for transcriptional balancing of the violacein pathway. Violacein biosynthesis involves a complex five-gene pathway that is an excellent model for exploratory metabolic engineering efforts into pathway regulation and control due to many colorful intermediates and side products allowing for easy analysis and strain comparison. Upon screening approximately 4% of the total initial library, several high-titer mutants were discovered that resulted in up to a 63-fold improvement over the control strain. With further fermentation optimization, titers were improved to 1829 ± 46 mg/L; a 2.6-fold improvement in titer and a 30-fold improvement in productivity from previous literature reports.
Inhibition of the SDF-1/CXCR4 Axis Attenuates Neonatal Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension (2009)

Exposure of the neonatal lung to chronic hypoxia produces significant pulmonary vascular remodeling, right ventricular hypertrophy, and decreased lung alveolarization. Given recent data suggesting that stem cells could contribute to pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy, we tested the hypothesis that blockade of SDF-1 (stromal cell-derived factor 1), a key stem cell mobilizer or its receptor, CXCR4 (CXC chemokine receptor 4), would attenuate and reverse hypoxia-induced cardiopulmonary remodeling in newborn mice. Neonatal mice exposed to normoxia or hypoxia were randomly assigned to receive daily intraperitoneal injections of normal saline, AMD3100, or anti-SDF-1 antibody from postnatal day 1 to 7 (preventive strategy) or postnatal day 7 to 14 (therapeutic strategy). As compared to normal saline, inhibition of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis significantly improved lung alveolarization and decreased pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, vascular remodeling, vascular cell proliferation, and lung or right ventricular stem cell expressions to near baseline values. We therefore conclude that the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis both prevents and reverses hypoxia-induced cardiopulmonary remodeling in neonatal mice, by decreasing progenitor cell recruitment to the pulmonary vasculature, as well as by decreasing pulmonary vascular cell proliferation. These data offer novel insights into the role of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypoxia-induced cardiopulmonary remodeling and have important therapeutic implications.
Delayed light emission as a means of quality evaluation of fruits and vegetables (1990)

DLE is probably produced by all fruits, vegetables, and plant materials undergoing photosynthesis. However, the intensity and duration of the emitted light vary widely depending upon many factors. Because of the strong dependence of DLE on the chlorophyll content, variation in the DLE can be expected among different varieties of the same product. Therefore, quality evaluation based on DLE measurements require careful selection of measuring criteria such as duration and intensity of illumination, dark period, and temperature. It is necessary to obtain precise values of DLE for a particular product under a set condition; and the measurement conditions should be carefully validated to establish a standard measuring criteria. In general, the quality evaluation of fruits and vegetables is based on three major aspects: maturity and/or ripeness evaluation, composition analysis, and internal and external defect detection. DLE measurements so far have focused mainly on maturity evaluation because of the definite relationship between the emitted light and chlorophyll concentration, which changes with maturity. It should be noted that chlorophyll alone is not sufficient; it is the complex of in situ chlorophyll and related compounds in plant materials that jointly contribute to the DLE. Composition of fruits such as sugar content has been related to DLE. Recently, DLE measurements have been applied to detect certain physiological stress responses and defects such as chilling injuries. However, these areas of research have not yet been fully explored. Further investigation relating to compositional quality and internal and external defects of fruits and vegetables with DLE measurement may offer solutions to certain complex quality evaluation problems. The duration of DLE after excitation involves a matter of at least several seconds. From a mechanical standpoint, this extended period of light emission offers a convenient time in which to separate excitation and measurement. However, the exponential decay necessitates very precise control of time between illumination and measurement. The broad activation spectrum permits wide choice and simple design of excitation sources. However, size, shape, and varietal variations of plant materials make uniform DLE measurements difficult. It is suggested that DLE measuring instruments be designed to make several measurements over the entire surface of the specimen. An average of such measurements would reduce the effect of surface nature and shape of the product. Reporting the DLE intensity per unit surface area of the product will eliminate the dependence of area of excitation on DLE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
$DeepMotions$ : A Deep Learning System for Path Prediction Using Similar Motions (2020)

Trajectory prediction techniques play a serious role in many location-based services such as mobile advertising, carpooling, taxi services, traffic management, and routing services. These techniques rely on the object’s motion history to predict the future path(s). As a consequence, these techniques fail when history is unavailable. The unavailability of history might occur for several reasons such as; history might be inaccessible, a recently registered user with no preceding history, or previously logged data is preserved for confidentiality and privacy. This paper presents a Bi-directional recurrent deep-learning based prediction system, named <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DeepMotions</i> , to predict the future path of a query object without any prior knowledge of the object historical motions. The main idea of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DeepMotions</i> is to observe the moving objects in the vicinity that have similar motion patterns of the query object. Then use those similar objects to train and predict the query object’s future steps. To compute similarity, we propose a similarity function that is based on the KNN algorithm. Extensive experiments conducted on real data sets confirm the efficient performance and the quality of prediction in <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DeepMotions</i> with up to 96% accuracy.
Analysis and design of a zero voltage switching dc-to-ac inverter (2002)

In this paper, we present the steady state analysis and design for a dc-to-ac converter with zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) and output isolation. It is a current fed converter having variable frequency control to obtain a symmetrical regulated ac output. Two switches operate in complementary fashion to control the operation of the converter and provide transformer core resetting. The resonance between the parasitic capacitances, transformer magnetizing inductance, and output side inductor allow ZVS for both switches, hence reducing switching losses. The output has an LCC resonant tank circuit which controls the output power flow, shape and frequency of the output ac voltage. State space equations representing the steady state modes of operations are presented and basic circuit operation is discussed. Input and output characteristic curves are derived. Based on these curves, a design procedure with a specific example supported by simulation results is presented.
High field characteristics of dielectric spacers in thin-film electrode vacuum gaps (1999)

This article reports a test setup designed to study the prebreakdown and breakdown characteristics of spacers relevant to field emission displays (FEDs). The electrical characteristics of different spacer structures, bridging vacuum gaps formed by two thin-film electrodes, were studied in an attempt to determine the maximum field to which such gaps can be stressed. An extra low light detection three dimensional imaging system using an intensified charge coupled device camera was developed to diagnose and record the different prebreakdown phases and the breakdown phenomenon. This system enabled us to obtain spatially resolved images of light activities emanating from the electrically stressed surfaces. The experimental results showed that the investigated insulation materials did not introduce significant leakage current under high field stress. Breakdown voltages of fiber, disk-shaped and thick-wall spacers (750 μm high) were 12–14, 13–16, and 15–20 kV, respectively. The insulation capability of the thick-wall structure was limited by the edge effect of the thin-film electrodes and the quality of the thin-film electrodes rather than processes intrinsic to the spacer material or its geometry. This work provides some guidance to the design of spacers for FEDs.
Spatiotemporal-Memory-Guided Machine Perception for Augmented Reality (2023)

Augmented Reality (AR) devices are equipped with advanced sensors such as panoramic cameras. They can see or hear what humans cannot. The superior sensing capabilities - together with machine perception models - enable promising AR-based human assistants in daily tasks. Human task performance progressively enhances with accumulated memory, such as with observed objects' location in working memory, and training in long-term memory. We transform this cognitive nature into real-time machine perception models tailored for human-assisting AR applications. Instead of running machine perception models on each consecutive frame, we leverage the egocentric AR cameras to reconstruct a “4D memory map”, which mimics the human spatiotemporal memory.
Engineering of DNA vaccines using molecular adjuvant plasmids. (2000)

These studies support the view that additional goals of enhancing DNA vaccine technology will probably be at several levels. The ability to deliver antigens more efficiently to professional APCs is likely to have important implications for our studies of basic principles of immunology. Furthermore, there are simple practical approaches to vaccine enhancement that can be tested with the present group of DNA vaccines. These studies should include the use of cytokine molecular adjuvants as well as possible co-stimulatory molecules. It is expected that the delivery of these "adjuvanted" DNA vaccines will require additional safety evaluation; however, it is clear that studies can be easily designed to address the important safety issues associated with these novel vaccine adjuvants. Overall, the results indicate that further more precise quantitative studies and combination studies examining these additional promising adjuvant candidates are warranted.
Interprocedural data flow analysis in the presence of pointers, procedure variables, and label variables (1980)

Interprocedural data flow analysis is complicated by the use of procedure and label variables in programs and by the presence of aliasing among variables. In this paper we present an algorithm for computing possible values for procedure and label variables, thus providing a call graph and a control flow graph. The algorithm also computes the possible aliasing relationships in the program being analyzed.We assume that control flow information is not available to the algorithm; hence, this type of analysis may be termed "flow-free analysis." Given this assumption, we demonstrate the correctness of the algorithm, in the sense that the information it produces is conservative, and show that it is as precise as possible in certain cases. We also show that the problem of determining possible values for procedure variables is P-space hard. This fact indicates that any algorithm which is precise in all cases must also run very slowly for some programs.
Recent Advances in Genetic Technique of Microbial Report Cells and Their Applications in Cell Arrays (2015)

Microbial cell arrays have attracted consistent attention for their ability to provide unique global data on target analytes at low cost, their capacity for readily detectable and robust cell growth in diverse environments, their high degree of convenience, and their capacity for multiplexing via incorporation of molecularly tailored reporter cells. To highlight recent progress in the field of microbial cell arrays, this review discusses research on genetic engineering of reporter cells, technologies for patterning live cells on solid surfaces, cellular immobilization in different polymers, and studies on their application in environmental monitoring, disease diagnostics, and other related fields. On the basis of these results, we discuss current challenges and future prospects for novel microbial cell arrays, which show promise for use as potent tools for unraveling complex biological processes.
An Efficient and Scalable Ritter Reaction for the Synthesis of t ‐Butyl Amides (2014)

Abstract Methyl 4‐cyanobenzoate Acetic acid Tert ‐Butyl acetate Sulfuric acid Ammonium acetate Methyl 4‐( tert ‐butylcarbamoyl)benzoate
Poly(ether)s derived from oxa-Michael polymerization: a comprehensive review (2023)

Abstract Poly(ether)s represent an important class of polymers and are typically formed by ring-opening polymerization, Williamson ether synthesis, or self-condensation of alcohols. The oxa-Michael reaction presents another method to form poly(ether)s with additional functional groups in the polymer backbone starting from di- or triols and electron deficient olefins such as acrylates, sulfones, or acrylamides. However, research on oxa-Michael polymerization is still limited. Herein, we outline the principles of the oxa-Michael polymerization and focus on the synthesis and preparation of poly(ether-sulfone)s, poly(ether-ester)s, poly(ether)s, and poly(ether-amide)s. Further, challenges as well as future perspectives of the oxa-Michael polymerization are discussed. Graphical abstract
Mass Serialization Method for Document Encryption Policy Enforcement (2016)

Analytics obtained during the creation of a database of mass serialized codes can also be used to help enforcement of encryption policy on documents. In this paper, we introduce a set of metrics which complement traditional NIST cryptography methods -- 4 mass serialization and one entropy metric -- which in combination can allow a discrimination between encrypted vs. zipped files. We describe the use of these methods to identify a broad range of non-randomness in number sets, and apply them to a more mundane problem-that of automatic assessment of the encryption state of a corpora of documents.
Three-dimensional optical diffusion imaging in a Bayesian framework (2001)

Summary form only given. Spectroscopic specificity and low photon energy are particularly attractive features of optical tissue imaging. This potential has spurred interest in optical diffusion imaging, where the spatially-dependent scatter and absorption are to be reconstructed using measured data with a number of source and detector locations using a diffusion equation forward model. While robust and accurate inversions have been achieved for 2-D test problems, practical optical diffusion geometries require 3-D reconstructions. This need led to the development of efficient multigrid reconstruction algorithms. In this work we demonstrate accurate 3-D reconstruction using a Bayesian prior model with an iteratively estimated data term variance.
Data from Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres in Primary Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Is Associated with Aggressive Clinical Behavior and Poor Survival (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), a telomerase-independent telomere maintenance mechanism, is strongly associated with ATRX and DAXX alterations and occurs frequently in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; In a Korean cohort of 269 surgically resected primary PanNETs and 19 sporadic microadenomas, ALT status and nuclear ATRX and DAXX protein expression were assessed and compared with clinicopathologic factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In PanNETs, ALT or loss of ATRX/DAXX nuclear expression was observed in 20.8% and 19.3%, respectively, whereas microadenomas were not altered. ALT-positive PanNETs displayed a significantly higher grade, size, and pT classification (all, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). ALT also strongly correlated with lymphovascular (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and perineural invasion (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001) and the presence of lymph node (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and distant metastases (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002). Furthermore, patients with ALT-positive primary PanNETs had a shorter recurrence-free survival [HR = 3.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.83–6.27; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001]. Interestingly, when limiting to patients with distant metastases, those with ALT-positive primary tumors had significantly better overall survival (HR = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08–0.68; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.008). Similarly, tumors with loss of ATRX/DAXX expression were significantly associated with ALT (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), aggressive clinical behavior, and reduced recurrence-free survival (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). However, similar to ALT, when limiting to patients with distant metastases, loss of ATRX/DAXX expression was associated with better overall survival (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Both primary ALT-positive and ATRX/DAXX-negative PanNETs are independently associated with aggressive clinicopathologic behavior and displayed reduced recurrence-free survival. In contrast, ALT activation and loss of ATRX/DAXX are both associated with better overall survival in patients with metastases. Therefore, these biomarkers may be used as prognostic markers depending on the context of the disease. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(6); 1598–606. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
On the energy landscape of deep networks (2015)

We introduce "AnnealSGD", a regularized stochastic gradient descent algorithm motivated by an analysis of the energy landscape of a particular class of deep networks with sparse random weights. The loss function of such networks can be approximated by the Hamiltonian of a spherical spin glass with Gaussian coupling. While different from currently-popular architectures such as convolutional ones, spin glasses are amenable to analysis, which provides insights on the topology of the loss function and motivates algorithms to minimize it. Specifically, we show that a regularization term akin to a magnetic field can be modulated with a single scalar parameter to transition the loss function from a complex, non-convex landscape with exponentially many local minima, to a phase with a polynomial number of minima, all the way down to a trivial landscape with a unique minimum. AnnealSGD starts training in the relaxed polynomial regime and gradually tightens the regularization parameter to steer the energy towards the original exponential regime. Even for convolutional neural networks, which are quite unlike sparse random networks, we empirically show that AnnealSGD improves the generalization error using competitive baselines on MNIST and CIFAR-10.