gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors That Affect Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle Function and Physiology (2016)

Tissue-engineered skeletal muscle has the promise to be a tool for studying physiology, screening muscle-active drugs, and clinical replacement of damaged muscle. To maximize the potential benefits of engineered muscle, it is important to understand the factors required for tissue formation and how these affect muscle function. In this review, we evaluate how biomaterials, cell source, media components, and bioreactor interventions impact muscle function and phenotype.
A High-Fidelity Electrokinetic Flow Model for the Prediction of Electrophoregrams in On-Chip Eletrophoresis Applications (2005)

On-chip electrophoresis is a growing field with increasing chemical and bioanalytical applications such as genomics and proteomics. The use of multicomponent and heterogeneous electrolyte configurations can often lead to complex flow behavior. In this work, we present a high-fidelity, low computational cost electrokinetic flow model for the modeling and optimization of electrophoretic separations. The model adopts a depth-averaged approach that captures convective-dispersion processes, and includes important physical effects such as electrical body force and fully nonlinear multi-species electromigration. The corresponding numerical scheme is based on a finite volume approach using a monotonic upstream-centered construction (MUSCL). The numerical model can simulate arbitrary electrolyte and sample configurations, and capture the complex evolution of sharp, narrow sample peaks and high pre-concentration (stacking) ratios. Exemplary results showing both field amplified sample stacking and isotachophoresis processes are presented. The development of such models is critical to the efficient design and optimization of on-chip CE methods and devices.
Critical Micelle Density for the Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer Surfactants in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (1999)

The parameters which influence the self-assembly of molecules in solution include the temperature and solvent quality, and this study illustrates the use of these variables to regulate the degree of association of block copolymer amphiphiles in highly compressible supercritical carbon dioxide. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to examine the association behavior of a block copolymer containing a CO2-phobic moiety, poly(vinyl acetate), and a CO2-philic block, poly(1,1-dihydroperfluoro-octylacrylate). By adjustment of the density of the medium through pressure and temperature profiling, the self-assembly can be reversibly controlled from unimers to core−shell spherical micelles and this establishes a critical micelle density (CMD), a phenomenon distinctive of highly compressible fluids, such as supercritical CO2. Mathematical modeling of the data in terms of core−shell micelle structures permits a detailed description of the structure and the degree of swelling (penetration) of the solvent into the different regions of the aggregates throughout this transition.
P09.13 Optimization of a GMP-grade large-scale expansion protocol for cytokine-induced killer cells using gas-permeable static culture flasks (2020)

intratumoral TLR3 expression and T-cell infiltration is currently analyzed. Results Global deficiency of murine Tlr3, or TRIF, induced significantly increased digestive tumor formation, associated with increased morbidity indicating a tumor suppressive role. Coherently, TLR3 expression is highly significantly decreased in human colorectal cancer compared to normal mucosa, significantly correlated with poor survival. TLR3 deficient cell lines show reduced migration and slightly declined proliferation suggesting an oncogenic role on the cell-autonomous level. Nevertheless, gene expression analysis revealed that the dsRNA induced expression of T-cell attracting cytokines CXCL10 and CXCL11 in colon cancer cell lines is exclusively dependent on TLR3. These chemokines were shown to favor a TH1-type antitumoral response. Conclusions TLR3 favors tumor suppression in vivo, presumably resulting from non-cell-autonomous factors such as the production of CXCL10 and 11 and resulting T-cell infiltration. This may outweigh the putative cell-autonomous oncogenic functions of TLR3 deficiency.
Kallistatin attenuates endothelial senescence by modulating Let‐7g‐mediated miR‐34a‐SIRT1‐eNOSpathway (2018)

Abstract Kallistatin, a plasma protein, protects against vascular and organ injury. This study is aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of kallistatin in endothelial senescence. Kallistatin inhibited H 2 O 2 ‐induced senescence in human endothelial cells, as indicated by reduced senescence‐associated‐β‐galactosidase activity, p16 INK 4a and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 expression, and elevated telomerase activity. Kallistatin blocked H 2 O 2 ‐induced superoxide formation, NADPH oxidase levels and VCAM ‐1, ICAM ‐1, IL ‐6 and miR‐34a synthesis. Kallistatin reversed H 2 O 2 ‐mediated inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ), SIRT 1, catalase and superoxide dismutase ( SOD )‐2 expression, and kallistatin alone stimulated the synthesis of these antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, kallistatin's anti‐senescence and anti‐oxidant effects were attributed to SIRT 1‐mediated eNOS pathway. Kallistatin, via interaction with tyrosine kinase, up‐regulated Let‐7g, whereas Let‐7g inhibitor abolished kallistatin's effects on miR‐34a and SIRT 1/ eNOS synthesis, leading to inhibition of senescence, oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, lung endothelial cells isolated from endothelium‐specific kallistatin knockout mice displayed marked reduction in mouse kallistatin levels. Kallistatin deficiency in mouse endothelial cells exacerbated senescence, oxidative stress and inflammation compared to wild‐type mouse endothelial cells, and H 2 O 2 treatment further magnified these effects. Kallistatin deficiency caused marked reduction in Let‐7g, SIRT 1, eNOS , catalase and SOD ‐1 mRNA levels, and elevated miR‐34a synthesis in mouse endothelial cells. These findings indicate that endogenous kallistatin through novel mechanisms protects against endothelial senescence by modulating Let‐7g‐mediated miR‐34a‐ SIRT 1‐ eNOS pathway.
WDM Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers for high-performance all-optical switching systems (2000)

With the emergence of new services through the rapid increase of the Internet, we will need a fast switching technology compatible with the constraints of the packet applications. In the optical domain, this technology is currently based around the use of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) which provide time response in the ns range.
Lymphokine-activated killer cell phenomenon. II. Precursor phenotype is serologically distinct from peripheral T lymphocytes, memory cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocytes, and natural killer cells (1983)

Culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in partially purified and lectin-free interleukin 2 results in the generation of cytotoxic effector cells which have the unique property of lysing natural killer (NK)-resistant fresh human tumor cells. We have termed these effector cells "lymphokine- activated killer" cells (LAK). LAK are generated from both normal and cancer patients' PBL and are able to lyse both autologous and allogeneic tumor cells from all histologic tumor types tested. Our previous studies suggested that the LAK phenomenon was distinct from either the cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocyte (CTL) or NK systems based on a variety of criteria. This study reports that the cell type involved is also distinct, as determined by phenotypic characteristics. The LAK effector cell phenotype was analyzed in parallel with alloimmune CTL, and LAK were found to be similarly susceptible to the monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies OKT-3 or OKT-8 plus complement. In contrast the LAK precursor was not susceptible to the OKT-3 or Leu-1 antibodies plus complement, while the ability to generate alloimmune CTL was totally obliterated when tested using the same PBL responder population; in fact, generation of LAK was found to be augmented five- to sixfold, clearly suggesting that LAK precursor cells are not T lymphocytes as defined by these antibodies. LAK precursors were found to be abundant in NK cell-enriched Percoll gradient fractions, which had been depleted of the 29 degrees C E- rosetting "high affinity" T cells. However, LAK precursors were found to be distinct from the majority of NK cells since lysis of fresh PBL with the monoclonal antibodies OKM-1, Leu-7, or OKT-11 significantly depleted or totally eliminated NK activity, while subsequent activation of the remaining cells generated high levels of LAK and in some cases augmented levels of LAK. LAK precursors were found to be distributed in the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, lymph node, and thoracic duct in addition to the PBL. Therefore, while the cell(s) responsible for activation and expression of LAK activity have some common features with the classic T cell-mediated CTL and NK cell systems, the LAK precursor cells are clearly distinct as determined by phenotype analysis using monoclonal antibodies and complement, and at present must be classified as a "null" cell.
Capture, analysis and synthesis of textured surfaces with variation in illumination, viewpoint, and time (2004)

Real world surfaces such as tree bark, moss, banana skin, and drying mud have a visual appearance that is often complex due to their fine scale geometric and reflective structure. Changes in viewpoint or illumination, or the passage of time, can lead to further dramatic changes in self-shadowing, specularity and interreflection. Such details, although difficult to model abstractly, can provide a high degree of realism in a synthetic scene. I therefore propose an example-based approach to analyzing, synthesizing, and rendering textured surfaces based on densely sampled image datasets. These are acquired as they vary with illumination, viewpoint, and time. Three matrix decomposition techniques are applied to the bidirectional texture function (BTF) data for compression and comparison, and the idea of a universal basis capable of representing multiple textures is explored. The Time-Varying Texture Function (TTF), is then introduced to address progressive time variation in textured surfaces such as growing grass, decaying banana skins, and oxidizing copper. Algorithms for analyzing TTFs and synthesizing novel TTFs in 2D and on 3D surfaces are presented. Methods for controlling TTFs, allowing surface geometry, environmental factors, or user input to guide synthesis and time scale of change are demonstrated. Finally, the acquisition of physically-based control parameters for TTFs is explored.
Multivalent Choline Dendrimers Increase Phagocytosis of <b><i>Streptococcus pneumoniae </i></b>R6 by Microglial Cells (2013)

Multivalent dendrimers containing choline end groups are promising antimicrobial agents for the management of pneumococcal diseases.
Field Trials Scheduled for New Compact Dehydration Technology (2003)

Abstract Significant improvements in the capacity and performance of existing oil dehydrators and desalters are expected from an improved, patent pending, transformer and controller system. This electrostatic system is now ready for a field trial in South America. Production at the selected facility is currently at 45,000 bopd per unit on a medium gravity crude oil. This oil is currently being processed by five 10-ft. diameter × 45 ft. long electrostatic dehydrators using combined AC/DC electrostatic technology. Pilot studies utilizing the improved transformer / controller have demonstrated capacity improvements exceeding 30% above existing technology or outlet BS&amp;W reductions between 10 to 30%. To confirm these results and define the limits of this new technology, a series of scheduled field trials has been planned. In addition, several other vessel modifications will include upgrading the inlet spreader design, and installing new high voltage electrodes. Once these improvements are made and the new compact electrostatic technology is implemented, it is estimated the vessel capacity will increase significantly, while maintaining the required oil specification. If successful, this electrostatic transformer and controller may provide producers and refiners with a new technology to process highly conductive, viscous oils. Testing Objective Utilizing a South American oil facility, a new electrostatic dehydration technology is scheduled to be field tested. The objective of these tests is to quantify improvements to the oil dehydration process, demonstrate the robustness of the equipment and establish confirmation of the laboratory test results. Facility The production facility shown in Figure 1 has five oil dehydration vessels operating in parallel. Each horizontal dehydrator is 10 ft OD × 45 feet long × 125 psig with Dual Polarity® electrostatic technology, open bottom spreaders, either steel or composite high voltage electrodes and pipe collectors. The Dual Polarity transformers are 480 volt, single phase rated for 150 kVA. Following an upgrade of three vessels to improve performance, a fourth vessel is scheduled to be retrofitted with a new electrostatic transformer including step/start switchgear and PC-based process controller. The facility has the capability to increase the oil flow to the test vessel so the limits of the technology can be investigated. Application The facility is currently processing a 27.1 API oil at flow rates varying between 45,000 bopd to 60,000 bopd per vessel. The operating temperature is maintained at 140 F and the operating pressure is 80 psig. At operating temperature the dry oil viscosity is 8.9 cp. The inlet water cut typically ranges between 20 to 30%. The outlet specification is less than 1% BS&amp;W and is routinely met by the dehydration process.
A new interface for cloning objects in drawing systems (2010)

Cloning objects is a common operation in graphical user interfaces. One example is calendar systems, where users commonly create and modify recurring events, i.e. repeated clones of a single event. Inspired by the calendar paradigm, we introduce a new cloning technique for 2D drawing programs. This technique allows users to clone objects by first selecting them and then dragging them to create clones along the dragged path. Moreover, it allows editing the generated sequences of clones similar to the editing of calendar events. Novel approaches for the generation of clones of clones are also presented. We compared our new clone creation technique with generic duplication via copy-and-paste, smart duplication, and a dialog driven technique on a standard desktop system. The results show that the new cloning method is always faster than dialogs and smart duplication for most conditions. We also compared our clone editing method against rectangular selection. The results show that our method is better in general. In situations where rectangle selection is effective, our method is still competitive. Participants preferred the new techniques overall, too.
Nanoscale Capacitance–Voltage Characterization of Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures (2005)

A simple technique for quantitative nanoscale capacitance–voltage ( C – V ) measurements has been developed and used to characterize the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the interface of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. The measurements indicate change in confinement of the 2DEG at the AlGaN/GaN interface depending on the direction of the dc voltage sweep during C – V measurements, indicating surface state charging and discharging. Under UV illumination, the 2DEG increased significantly as inferred from the increase in threshold voltage of the nanoscale C – V scans, while no change in 2DEG confinement was observed.
Indium-tin-oxide-free organic light-emitting device (2006)

Sapphire substrates coated with a gold (Au) layer in place of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) on glass substrates are used as hole-injecting anodes in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Due to the unique quality of the sapphire/Au interface and the match of the Au work function with the highest occupied molecular orbital level of the adjacent hole transport layer (HTL) and the smoothness of the interface, the ITO-free OLED, with the structure sapphire/Au/HTL/poly(p-phenylenevinylene)/Ca/Ag, achieved an increase in current efficiency by more than a factor of three. In addition, the flawless sapphire substrate and anode/polymer interface make dark nonemissive areas decrease in number and area. The diodes show substantially slower degradation, and the lifetime in air increases by a factor of two or more.
Robust identification of partially known systems (1983)

The problem of identifying a linear time invariant system with bilinear dependence on two unknown parameters is considered. An algorithm which uses measurements of the input and output and knowledge of the polynomial coefficients of the bilinear combinations of the unknown parameters is described. Persistence of excitation conditions on the input for computability of the algorithm are derived. Uniform asymptotist ability of the algorithm is then established under certain conditions.
Endogenous FGF-2 Is Important for Cholinergic Sprouting in the Denervated Hippocampus (1997)

To investigate the molecular mechanisms of cholinergic sprouting in the hippocampus after removal of entorhinal cortical inputs, we evaluated trophic factor gene expression in the denervated hippocampus. Despite the proposed role for nerve growth factor (NGF) in this sprouting, we observed no change in NGF mRNA or protein at several postlesion time points. In contrast, FGF-2 mRNA was increased within 16 hr. FGF-2 immunoreactivity was localized within GFAP-positive hypertrophic astrocytes distributed specifically within the denervated outer molecular layer after the lesion. To address the functional significance of this increase in FGF-2, we assessed the magnitude of cholinergic sprouting in animals receiving chronic intracerebroventricular infusions of neutralizing antibodies specific for FGF-2 and compared it with that observed in lesioned animals receiving infusate controls. Animals given FGF-2 antibodies displayed a marked reduction in cholinergic sprouting as compared with controls. In fact, many of these animals exhibited virtually no sprouting at all despite histological verification of complete lesions. These results suggest that endogenous FGF-2 promotes cholinergic axonal sprouting in the injured adult brain. Furthermore, immunocytochemical localization of receptors for FGF-2 (i.e., FGFR1) on projecting basal forebrain cholinergic neurons suggests that FGF-2 acts directly on these neurons to induce the lesion-induced sprouting response.
Attainment of complete/very good partial response following rituximab‐based therapy is an important determinant to progression‐free survival, and is impacted by polymorphisms in FCGR3A in Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia (2011)

The incorporation of rituximab into various regimens has improved depth of response in Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia (WM), though the impact of achieving better responses remains to be determined. We examined response depth on progression-free survival (PFS) in 159 rituximab-naïve WM patients who received rituximab-based therapy. The median follow-up was 33·5 months, and categorical responses were as follows: complete response (CR, 8·8%); very good partial response (VGPR, 13·2%); partial response (50%); minor response (18·9%); Non-Responders (8·8%). Sequencing for polymorphic variants of FCGR2A, FCGR2B, and FCGR3A was performed, and impact on response depth determined. Achievement of better categorical responses was incrementally associated with improved PFS (P < 0·0001). No separation was observed between CR and VGPR, and attainment of at least a VGPR was associated with improved time-to-progression. Neither age, serum IgM, haematocrit, platelet count, serum β(2) microglobulin, WM International Prognostic Scoring System score, and treatment group predicted for CR/VGPR. Polymorphisms at FCGR3A-48 and -158 were associated with improved categorical responses, particularly attainment of CR/VGPR (P ≤ 0·03). The attainment of CR/VGPR was associated with significantly longer PFS in rituximab-naïve WM patients undergoing rituximab-based therapy, and was predicted by polymorphisms in FCGR3A.
Dual channel fluorescence engineering on the nano-patterened metamaterial(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Upconversion fluorescence from Lanthanide-doped nanocrystals has attracted widespread interests because of its greatly potential applications in various fields, such as photonic crystal lasers, material science, biological therapy, and so on. However, the relatively low quantum yield (typically &lt; 5%) is the major limitation for upconversion nanocrystals. Meanwhile, in addition to the chemical methods, plasmonic structures have been adopted as another strategy to improve the radiation efficiency and control the relaxation process of the upcovnersion nanocrystals. We designed the anti-symmetric split ring resonators with various periods and the fishnet structures. The surface plasmon resonance peaks of the structure shift as the periods varies. For example, in a multi-layered plamsonic metasurface with the period of 250nm, both the electric and magnetic modes could be generated simultaneously when excited by the incident light with proper polarization. This plasmonic structure provides two different channels for the enhancement of upconversion fluorescence. The resonance peak of 650nm is magnetic resonance mode, while the peak of 980nm is electric resonance mode. The resonance peak of 980nm coincides with the absorption band of the Lanthanide-dopoed nanocrystal, and the peak of 650nm matches with its emission band. We found that the upconversion fluorescence intensity could be enhanced more than 10 times when the electric resonance frequency of the metasurface matches with the absorption band of the upconversion nanocrystals, while the magnetic mode overlaps with its emission band. This is due to the local density of optical states was significantly enhanced by the plasmonic metasurface. The detailed results and mechanism will be discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Epostatin, New Inhibitor of Dipeptidyl Peptidase II, Produced by Streptomyces sp. MJ995‐OF5. Part 1. Taxonomy of Producing Strain, Fermentation, Isolation, Physico‐Chemical Properties and Biological Properties. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A cohort study and meta-analysis of the evidence for consideration of Lauren subtype when prescribing adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy for gastric cancer (2020)

Our results support the consideration of Lauren subtype when prescribing systemic chemotherapy for GC, particularly for MGC or DGC, which may not benefit from chemotherapy. Lauren classification should be considered to stratify chemotherapy regimens to GC patients in future clinical trials, with particular relevance to MGC or DGC, which is more difficult to treat with current regimens.