gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer control of a slow-AC technique for thermopower measurements (1990)

A measurement algorithm and the required instrumentation for computer automation of temperature-dependent thermopower measurements over the range of 4.2 to 350 K are described. The performance of the measurement system is demonstrated by examining typical results obtained on bulk and thin film samples of the thallium-based ceramic superconductor. The quality of the measurement data obtained is improved by increasing the density of the collected data and by improving reproducibility of the results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Microwave Heating Effects Rapid and Selective Decarboalkoxylation of Mono‐Alkylated Malonates and β‐Ketoesters. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2D Layered Nanomaterials as Fillers in Polymer Composite Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries (2023)

Abstract Polymer composite electrolytes (PCEs), i.e., materials combining the disciplines of polymer chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and electrochemistry, have received tremendous attention within academia and industry for lithium‐based battery applications. While PCEs often comprise 3D micro‐ or nanoparticles, this review thoroughly summarizes the prospects of 2D layered inorganic, organic, and hybrid nanomaterials as active (ion conductive) or passive (nonion conductive) fillers in PCEs. The synthetic inorganic nanofillers covered here include graphene oxide, boron nitride, transition metal chalcogenides, phosphorene, and MXenes. Furthermore, the use of naturally occurring 2D layered clay minerals, such as layered double hydroxides and silicates, in PCEs is also thoroughly detailed considering their impact on battery cell performance. Despite the dominance of 2D layered inorganic materials, their organic and hybrid counterparts, such as 2D covalent organic frameworks and 2D metal–organic frameworks are also identified as tuneable nanofillers for use in PCE. Hence, this review gives an overview of the plethora of options available for the selective development of both the 2D layered nanofillers and resulting PCEs, which can revolutionize the field of polymer‐based solid‐state electrolytes and their implementation in lithium and post‐lithium batteries.
Signal and noise in a shallow-water ocean-bottom cable survey (2015)

Summary We present the results of a noise test acquired during a shallow-water ocean-bottom cable (OBC) survey. The test data consist of an active pass, a stealth pass (where the source positions are repeated without the air guns firing), and a receiver-only pass, where the source vessel was not present. Processing each of these data sets allows an assessment of the impact of non-shot-generated noise on the seismic image. The results suggest that OBC data have a high signal-to-noise ratio, especially at lower frequencies, which can be taken into account in air-gun array design.
Barrier/Cu contact resistivity (1995)

The specific contact resistivity of Cu with ({alpha} + {beta})-Ta, TiN, {alpha}-W, and amorphous-Ta{sub 36}Si{sub 14}N{sub 50} barrier films is measured using a novel four-point-probe approach. Geometrically, the test structures consist of colinear sets of W-plugs to act as current and voltage probes that contact the bottom of a planar Cu/barrier/Cu stack. Underlying Al interconnects link the plugs to the current source and voltmeter. The center-to-center distance of the probes ranges from 3 to 200 {micro}m. Using a relation developed by Vu et al., a contact resistivity of roughly 7 {times} 10{sup {minus}9} {Omega} cm{sup 2} is obtained for all tested barrier/Cu combinations. By reflective-mode small-angle X-ray scattering, the similarity in contact resistivity among the barrier films may be related to interfacial impurities absorbed from the deposition process.
A Study on the Applicability of CNT/Aluminum Nanocomposites to Automotive Parts (2015)

CNT(carbon nanotubes) 강화 알루미늄 나노복합재는 우수한 기계적 특성으로 자동차용 차세대 경량재료로 주목을 받고 있으나 소재 제조 과정에 있어 CNT의 균일 분산 확보가 어렵고 대량제조 공정 확립이 어려워 자동차 부품으로의 적용이 어렵다. 그러나 점차 CNT 생산이 대량화 되고 있고 복합재로서의 특성이 개선되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 CNT강화 알루미늄 나노복합재의 현 수준을 확인하고 자동차 부품 관점에서의 적용가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 평가에 사용된 소재는 20L급 High energy milling기에서 알루미늄 분말과 CNT를 혼합한 후, 소결 및 압출하여 봉상(<TEX>${\phi}80$</TEX>)으로 제조되었다. 소재 관점에서 기계적 특성 및 열적 특성을 분석하였으며, 부품 적용성 관점에서는 현재 자동차 부품에 사용되는 소재와 그 소재가 사용되는 각 부품의 주요 요구 특성을 상대 비교하였다. 고강성과 성형성이 요구되는 부품에 사용되는 상용소재(A390) 및 SiC/Al 복합재와 성형성 비교평가를 진행하였으며, 탄성계수를 측정하였다. 피로 내구 및 경량화가 요구되는 메인베어링캡 양산소재와의 내구성 비교 평가를 실시하였다. 또한 고온 안정성이 요구되는 피스톤용 내열 소재와 열팽창계수 및 열화에 따른 강도저하를 비교 평가하였다. 구배가 큰 금형을 설계하여 단조 가공 후, 성형성(외관 crack 및 성형압 측정)을 비교하였으며, 내구성 평가를 위해 실제 부품인 H사(社) 소형 엔진블록의 메인베어링 캡을 적용하여 일축 단품 피로 시험을 진행하였다. 이를 통해 우수한 소재 특성을 확인하였고, 자동차 구조용 부품으로 적용이 가능함을 확인하였다. Various characteristics(thermal expansion, microstructure, etc.) and mechanical properties of CNT-aluminum nano composites manufactured by volume production system were evaluated. Also, formability and durability were evaluated for potential applications in automotive parts, via compared with high-elasticity material (A390) and the current commercial product. As a result, this composite has excellent mechanical properties and formability, therefore, to verity its potential for application as light and high strength materials in automobile part.
Resonance Raman scattering of the radial breathing mode in single wall carbon nanotubes (1998)

The radial breathing mode of single wall carbon nanotubes was used for the analysis of conformational and electronic properties of the tubes. We report resonance excitation of this mode with 12 different laser lines in the visible and near IR. Very sharp resonances were observed and compared to calculated cross sections. The position of the modes were evaluated from a high level first principles calculation which allows for the first time to identify the tube geometries from observed frequencies.
Synthesis of Chiral Ferrocenyl-Substituted β-Amino Cyclopentadienes and Their Complexation to Transition Metals (1998)

CBS reduction of the (chloroacyl)ferrocenes 3 provides the chloro alcohols 5 with ≥98% ee, which upon treatment with cyclopentadienides yield the chiral β- or γ-hydroxy cyclopentadienes 6 and 7. The hydroxyl function of 6 and 7 can be substituted with full retention of configuration by a range of N- or S-nucleophiles, giving efficient access to the optically active linked amino−cyclopentadienyl ligands 11−13. These were complexed to an iron center, yielding a ferrocenyl diamine with a large bite angle between the nitrogen donor atoms. Furthermore the first chelating complexation reaction to titanium is presented.
Hybrid assembly line design (2002)

This paper presents a method to address the multiple objective hybrid assembly line balancing problem. The aim is to assign a set of tasks to stations and select equipment to perform each of them. The goal is to minimize the total cost of the line by integrating design (station space, equipment cost, etc.) and operation issues (cycle time, precedence constraints and availability, etc.). We use a grouping genetic algorithm to tackle the problem, hybridized with an branch and cut algorithm and a multicriteria decision-aid method called PROMETHEE-II. The essential concepts adopted by the method are described. The results of the algorithm are illustrated by a case study.
Extruded feline diets formulated with high inclusion of soybean hulls: effects on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility, and fecal quality and metabolites (2019)

Dietary fibers have gained renewed interest in companion animal nutrition as a means to manage pet obesity and improve gut and host health. Soybean hulls (SBH), a coproduct of the soybean oil extraction process, is an accessible and economical fiber source. However, limited research is available on the use of SBH in feline nutrition. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of a high SBH inclusion level on daily food intake, apparent total tract (ATT) macronutrient digestibility, fecal quality, and fecal fermentative end products in diets of adult cats. Four diets were formulated with either SBH, beet pulp (BP), or cellulose (CL) as the main source of dietary fiber, with the control diet formulated with no added fiber (NF). The fiber treatments were formulated to achieve approximately 15% total dietary fiber (TDF). Eight adult male cats (mean age = 10.5 yr ± 0.1; mean BW = 6.1 ± 0.8 kg) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each period consisted of 14 d, with 10 d of diet adaptation followed by 4 d of total fecal and urine collections. Food was offered twice daily and cats were fed to maintain BW. Food intake on a DM basis (DMB) was lower (P < 0.05) in cats fed BP (55.2 g/d) when compared with SBH (70.8 g/d). As-is fecal output did not differ in cats fed BP or SBH, and when expressed on a DMB, fecal output did not differ among fiber treatments. The ATT digestibility of DM, OM, and GE was greater (P < 0.05) in cats fed NF when compared with those fed BP, CL, or SBH. Cats fed CL had the greatest (P < 0.05) ATT CP digestibility (88.5%), followed by cats fed NF (84.9) and SBH (81.7%) with the lowest values (77%) noted for cats fed BP. Acid-hydrolyzed fat (AHF) digestibility was greater for cats fed CL (92.9%) than for cats fed BP (86.9%) and SBH (88.6%). The TDF ATT digestibility was lowest for cats fed NF and CL (8.5% and 15.1%, respectively), followed by SBH (18.0%), with BP having the highest digestibility (33.7%). Total short-chain fatty acid concentration was greatest (P < 0.05) in cats fed BP (699.7 μmole/g) when compared with the other 3 treatments, whereas phenol and indole concentrations did not differ among treatments. In conclusion, a high inclusion level (15% TDF) of SBH appears acceptable in diets for adult cats, resulting in no negative effects on daily food intake, fecal scores, and similar ATT digestibility for most macronutrients when compared with BP and CL.
Radiation and immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated pneumonitis risk stratification in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: role of functional lung radiomics? (2022)

Abstract Background: Patients undergoing chemoradiation and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) experience pulmonary toxicity at higher rates than historical reports. We investigated the role of novel functional lung radiomics, relative to functional lung dosimetry and clinical characteristics, for pneumonitis risk stratification in LA-NSCLC. Methods: Thirty-nine patients with LA-NSCLC were prospectively enrolled on the FLARE-RT trial (NCT02773238). All received concurrent chemoradiation using functional lung avoidance planning, while 21/39 received consolidation durvalumab ICI. Within tumour-subtracted lung regions, 110 radiomics features (shape, intensity, texture) were extracted on pre-treatment [ 99m Tc]MAA SPECT/CT perfusion (PERF) images using fixed-bin-width discretization. The performance of functional lung radiomics for pneumonitis (CTCAEv4 grade 2 or higher) risk stratification was benchmarked against previously reported lung dosimetric parameters and clinical risk factors. Multivariate least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox models of time-varying pneumonitis risk were constructed, and prediction performance was evaluated using optimism-adjusted concordance index (c-index) with 95% confidence interval reporting throughout. Results : Pneumonitis occurred in 16/39 (41%) patients. Among clinical characteristics and anatomic/functional lung dosimetry variables, only the presence of baseline chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was significantly associated with the development of pneumonitis (HR 4.59 [1.69-12.49]) and served as the primary prediction benchmark model (c-index 0.69 [0.59-0.80]). Discrimination of time-varying pneumonitis risk was numerically higher when combining COPD with perfused lung radiomics size (c-index 0.77 [0.65-0.88]) or shape feature classes (c-index 0.79 [0.66-0.91]) but did not reach statistical significance compared to benchmark models (p&gt;0.26). COPD was associated with perfused lung radiomics size features, including patients with larger lung volumes (AUC 0.75 [0.59-0.91]). Perfused lung radiomic texture features were correlated with lung volume (adj R 2 =0.84-1.00), representing surrogates rather than independent predictors of pneumonitis risk. Conclusions : In patients undergoing chemoradiation with functional lung avoidance therapy and optional consolidative immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for LA-NSCLC, the strongest predictor of pneumonitis was the presence of baseline chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Our results support functional lung radiomics as surrogates of COPD. Further study of clinical, dosimetric, and radiomic feature combinations for radiation and immune-mediated pneumonitis in larger patient populations is warranted.
Self-Heat Recuperative Microwave and Hot-Air-Combined Drying of Lignite (2016)

In this study, experiments on hot-air drying of lignite were conducted with some important parameters. The moisture content of lignite decreased from 33.40% to 20.84% when dried by hot air (temperature: 80°C, velocity: 4 m/s) alone for 30 min; the thermal efficiency of the hot-air dryer was about 82%. Later on, a self-heat recuperative microwave and hot-air-combined drying system for lignite was designed. The system was divided into three stages: The first stage was the preheat stage, using waste heat of steam evaporated in the microwave dryer to preheat the lignite; the second was the microwave drying stage, using microwaves to dry the preheated lignite; the third was the cooling stage, where dried lignite was cooled by the drying medium of the preheater. Assuming the final moisture content of dried product was 10.00%, the moisture content of lignite would reduce from 33.00% to 26.50% at the preheater and continue to reduce from 26.50% to 10.00% at the second stage. If half of the energy needed by the preheater was provided by the flue gas introduced, the moisture content of lignite would reduce from 33.00% to 21.55% at the preheater and continued to reduce from 21.55% to 10.00% at the microwave dryer.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallics in Synthesis. Part 1. The Transition Elements (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Information-rich Task Allocation and Motion Planning for Heterogeneous Sensor Platforms (2011)

algorithms for decentralized informative motion planning and decentralized high-level task allocation. We present the Information-rich Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (IRRT) algorithm, which is amenable to very general and realistic mobile sensor constraint characterizations, as well as review the Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm (CBBA), oering several enhancements to the existing algorithms to embed information collection at each phase of the planning process. The proposed framework is validated with simulation results for networks of mobile sensors performing multi-target localization missions.
Concise Asymmetric Syntheses of Radicicol and Monocillin I (2001)

Radicicol (1) exhibits potent anticancer properties in vitro, which are likely to be mediated through its high affinity (20 nM) for the molecular chaperone Hsp90. Recently, we reported the results of a synthetic program targeting radicicol (1) and monocillin I (2), highlighted by the application of ring-closing metathesis to macrolide formation. These efforts resulted in a highly convergent synthesis of radicicol dimethyl ether but failed in the removal of the two aryl methyl ethers. Simple exchange of these methyl ethers with more labile functionalities disabled a key esterification in the initial route. Through extended experimentation, a successful route to both natural products was secured, along with some intriguing results that emphasize the implications of this design on a broad range of fused benzoaliphatic targets, including analogues of these natural products.
P082 A cell-centred meta-analysis reveals baseline predictors of anti-TNFα non-response in biopsy and blood of IBD patients (2018)

Although anti-TNFα therapies represent a major breakthrough in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) therapy, their cost-benefit ratio is hampered by an overall 30% non-response rate, adverse side effects and high costs. Thus, finding predictive biomarkers of non-response prior to commencing anti-TNFα therapy is of high-value. We analysed publicly available whole-genome expression profiles of colon biopsies obtained from multiple cohorts of IBD patients using a combined computational deconvolution – meta-analysis paradigm which allows to estimate immune cell contribution to the measured expression and capture differential regulatory programs otherwise masked due to variation in cellular composition. Insights from this in-silico approach were experimentally validated in biopsies and blood samples of three independent test cohorts. We found the proportion of plasma cells as a robust pretreatment biomarker of non-response to therapy, which we validated in two independent cohorts of immunostained colon biopsies, where a plasma cellular score from inflamed biopsies was predictive of non-response with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 87.5%. Meta-analysis of the cell proportion-adjusted gene expression data suggested that an increase in inflammatory macrophages in anti-TNFα non-responding individuals is associated with the upregulation of the TREM1 and CCR2-CCL7 axes. Blood gene expression analysis of an independent cohort, identified TREM1 downregulation in non-responders at baseline, which was predictive of response with an AUC of 94%. Our study proposes two clinically feasible assays, one in biopsy and one in blood, for predicting non-response to anti-TNFα therapy prior to initiation of treatment. Moreover, it suggests that mechanism-driven novel drugs for non-responders should be developed.
Immobilizing the gate of a tartaric acid-gramicidin A hybrid channel molecule by rational design (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImmobilizing the gate of a tartaric acid-gramicidin A hybrid channel molecule by rational designCharles J. Stankovic, Stefan H. Heinemann, and Stuart L. SchreiberCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9, 3702–3704Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00165a089https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00165a089research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
864. Alkoxy-radicals. Part II. Reaction of the benzyloxy-radical with inhibitors: iodine (1962)

S. Nair and J. B. de Sousa, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 4464 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620004464
Experimental observation of a band gap in individual Mn12 molecules on Au(111) (2007)

The authors report on the electronic properties of individual molecules of two Mn12 derivatives chemically grafted on the functionalized Au(111) surface studied by means of ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy at room temperature. Reproducible current-voltage curves were obtained from both Mn12 molecules, showing a well defined wide band gap. In agreement with the tunneling spectroscopy results, the bias voltage variation upon scanning leads to apparent height changes of the Mn12 clusters. The authors discuss these findings in the light of the recent band structure calculations and electronic transport measurements on single Mn12 molecules.
Electrically Tunable Collective Modes in a MEMS Resonator Array (2000)

Using optical diffraction, we study the mechanical vibrations of an array of micromechanical resonators. Implementing tunable electrostatic coupling between the suspended, doubly-clamped Au beams leads to the formation of a band of collective vibrational modes within these devices. The evolution of these modes with coupling strength is clearly manifested in the optical diffraction pattern of light transmitted through the array. The experimental results are analyzed using a simple model for one-dimensional phonons. These structures offer unique prospects for spectral analysis of complex mechanical stimuli.
A Passive, Fully Staring THz Video Camera Based on Kinetic Inductance Bolometer Arrays (2020)

Current state-of-the-art security video cameras operating in the THz regime employ up to a few hundred detectors together with optomechanical scanning to cover an adequate fieldof-view for practical concealed object detection. As a downside, the scanning reduces the integration time per pixel compromising sensitivity, increases the complexity, and reduces the reliability of the system. In contrast to this, we demonstrate a video camera, for the first time, basing its operation on the concept of a fully staring 2-D detector array with a single detector element responsible for a single imaged pixel. The imaging system is built around the detector technology of kinetic inductance bolometers, allowing the operation in the intermediate temperature range >5K and the scale-up of the detector count into multikilo-pixel arrays and beyond. The system is designed for a field-of-view of 2 × 1 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and an imaging distance of 2.5 m. We describe the main components of the system and show images from concealed object experiments performed at a near-video rate of 9 Hz.
Visualization Summit 2007: Ten Research Goals for 2010 (2007)

At the first international Visualization Summit, more than 100 international researchers and practitioners defined and assessed nine original and important research goals in the context of Visualization Science, and proposed methods for achieving these goals by 2010. The synthesis of the whole event is presented in the 10th research goal. This article contributes a building block for systemizing visualization research by proposing mutually elaborated research goals with defined milestones. Such a consensus on where to go together is only one step toward establishing visualization science in the long-term perspective as a discipline with comparable relevance to chemistry, mathematics, language, or history. First, this article introduces the conference setting. Second, it describes the research goals and findings from the nine workshops. Third, a survey among 62 participants about the originality and importance of each research goal is presented and discussed. Finally, the article presents a synthesis of the nine research goals in the form of a 10th research goal, namely ‘Visualizing Future Cities’. The article is relevant for visualization researchers, trend scouts, research programme directors who define the topics that get funds.