gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 191: Deletion or Knockdown of Myotonic Dystrophy Protein Kinase Does Not Affect Cardiac Conduction or Ejection Fraction in Mice (2015)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most common form of muscular dystrophy in adults, causes dominantly-inherited muscle weakness, defects of cardiac conduction, variable LV dysfunction, and risk of sudden death. The genetic basis is an expanded CTG repeat in the 3’ untranslated region of DMPK. DM1 patients are functionally hemizygous for DMPK protein, due to nuclear retention of mRNA having expanded repeats. The cardiac aspects are attributed to DMPK loss, toxicity of RNA with expanded repeats, or both. Dmpk heterozygous (+/-) and homozygous knockout (-/-) mice were reported to show AV conduction abnormalities resembling DM1 (Berul et al, JCI, 1999). In an effort to reduce RNA toxicity, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting DMPK mRNA have recently entered clinical trials. DM1 phenotypes in skeletal muscle were corrected by ASO knockdown of toxic RNA in mice (Wheeler et al, Nature, 2012). While ASOs may have similar potential to mitigate RNA toxicity in the heart, there is risk of aggravated DMPK deficiency. To reexamine the role of DMPK in the conduction system we studied mice with Dmpk gene deletion or ASO knockdown. We obtained ECGs and echocardiograms on Dmpk -/- and +/- mice, compared to WT littermates. The +/- mice were treated with Dmpk-targeting ASOs or saline. Subcutaneous injection of 50 mg/kg/wk ASO was started at age 2 months, then shifted to biweekly injections after 6 weeks. Dmpk expression in hearts of +/- mice was ~50% of WT, and was further reduced by ASOs (84 ± 3% decrease of mRNA, 93 ± 2% decrease of protein, relative to WT). Surface ECGs and echocardiography at 6 and 10 months showed no differences of heart rate, cardiac conduction, or ejection fraction in WT, saline-treated +/-, ASO-treated +/-, or -/- mice. Conscious, unrestrained ECGs obtained at 11-12 months by radiotelemetry showed no differences among WT, saline-treated +/-, ASO-treated +/-, or -/- mice. We conclude that ASOs can induce posttranscriptional silencing of Dmpk in murine hearts. Constitutive absence of DMPK did not impact cardiac conduction or contractility, and the same was true for ASO knockdown to levels &lt;15% of WT. Our data support the idea that cardiac dysfunction in DM1 results mainly from RNA toxicity, which potentially could be prevented or alleviated by ASOs.
Preparation of Membrane Electrode Assembly for Fuel Cell by Using Electrophoretic Deposition Process (2004)

A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was prepared by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process onto Nafion 117 membrane. A suspension consisting of ethanol, carbon powders with Pt catalyst, and Nafion polymer was used in the EPD process to obtain a stable dispersed solution. A thickness of the prepared catalyst layer was easily controlled by EPD duration or concentration of suspension. The prepared catalyst layer was well attached to the Nafion membrane. This layer was similar to that prepared by a hot press method. However, the catalyst layer consisted of only fine carbon particles was smaller and more uniform than that prepared by a hot press method. Such a uniform structure provided a high utilization of Pt catalyst. A 56% utilization of Pt catalyst loaded to the catalyst layer was successfully achieved by using the EPD method. A hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell was constructed using the MEA prepared by the EPD process. The cell exhibited a higher electrochemical performance, compared with ordinary cells. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A four-step method for de-embedding gigahertz on-wafer CMOS measurements (2000)

In this paper, a de-embedding method is proposed for conducting accurate on-wafer device measurements in the gigahertz range. The method addresses issues of substrate coupling and contact effects and is therefore suitable for measurements with lossy technologies such as CMOS. The method assumes a probe-tip two-port calibration performed with well-known techniques and impedance substrates. By employing a physical interpretation of the test-fixture, the method alleviates a number of known problems with common de-embedding procedures. Four distinct mathematical steps are suggested to de-embed parasitics for the test-fixture to give an accurate measurement of the device under test. By introducing a simple compensation factor for in-fixture standard imperfections, the proposed method allows large devices to be measured with high accuracy. The applicability of the method is demonstrated with measurements up to 12 GHz.
Can Intraneural Perineuriomas Occur Intradurally? An Anatomic Perspective (2016)

Based on our study, the occurrence of classic intraneural perineuriomas intradurally is exceedingly rare, if at all present. This may be related to the paucity of perineurial cells at the nerve root level and reciprocal interactions between neuroglial cells at the central-to-peripheral transition zones.
Benzimidazole-2-pyrazole HIF Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase Inhibitors as Oral Erythropoietin Secretagogues (2010)

HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylases (PHD) are a family of enzymes that mediate key physiological responses to hypoxia by modulating the levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1-α (HIF1α). Certain benzimidazole-2-pyrazole carboxylates were discovered to be PHD2 inhibitors using ligand- and structure-based methods and found to be potent, orally efficacious stimulators of erythropoietin secretion in vivo.
The effect of vinyl benzyl chloride on emulsion polymerization of styrene (2010)

Abstract Polystyrene latexes were prepared, in the presence of, vinyl benzyl chloride (VBC) monomer. These particles were synthesized in surfactant-free batch radical emulsion polymerization of styrene and VBC monomer mixture, with 2,2’- azobis(2-amidino propane)di-hydrochloride (V50) initiator. The polymerization kinetics was found to be rapid, as a function of VBC monomer concentration in the polymerization recipe. It is interesting to notice that high VBC amount leads to marked coagulum formation. The final hydrodynamic particle size was found to be slightly sensitive to the VBC concentration in the investigated range. The presence of VBC at the surface of the particles was investigated by XPS analysis.
Observer-based direct field orientation: analysis and comparison of alternative methods (1994)

This paper focuses on methods of achieving direct field orientation (DFO) of induction machines based on closed-loop, stator, and rotor flux observers which are well suited to both zero and very high-speed operation. Both observer topologies are dominated by a current model at zero and low speeds, and a voltage model at high speeds. Application of such rotor and stator flux observers to both stator and rotor direct field orientation is presented, including experimental results for three different methods. The influence which flux regulation has on parameter sensitivity of the complete DFO system is analyzed. A rotor-flux-regulated and -oriented system is shown to be sensitive to leakage inductance under high slip (i.e., field weakened) operation. Both a stator-flux-regulated and -oriented system and a stator-flux-regulated, rotor-flux-oriented system are shown to have reduced parameter sensitivity at high speeds. Unlike stator flux orientation using simple voltage integration stator flux models, excellent zero and low-speed operation of an observer-based stator-flux-oriented system is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multi-band coupled feed loop antenna for mobile handset (2009)

In this paper, a multi-band coupled feed loop antenna for mobile handset is proposed. This antenna is composed of a feed element and a radiating element. The antenna is printed on the very thin flexible substrate to mount on the dielectric carrier with a volume of 2 cc. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 134MHz (866 - 1000 MHz) and 450 MHz (1692 - 2142 MHz). As a result, the proposed antenna covers the three bands of GSM 900, DCS 1800 and PCS 1900 for a 3:1 VSWR. Moreover, the radiation pattern and gain is appropriate for mobile handset. Therefore, this antenna is suitable for small sized multi-band mobile handset applications.
Dispersive mirror compressor for chirped pulse amplifiers (2010)

We report on a newly-developed low-loss broadband high-dispersion mirrors which are capable of taking over the role of prisms and gratings in mJ-scale femtosecond chirped-pulse amplifiers. The compression of a 1.4 mJ chirped pulse in a DMC down to sub-20-fs is demonstrated.
Elevation of Plasma Von Willebrand Factor and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Obese Subjects and Their Reduction by Low Molecular Weight Heparin. (2004)

Abstract Background: Increased plasma-soluble von Willebrand factor (vWF) level, a marker of vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, is a predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the general population. We compared associations between vWF level and markers of inflammation as well as the effects of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in obese as compared to healthy human subjects. Methods: Plasma samples were obtained from healthy volunteers (n = 32) and obese subjects (n = 12) before and after administration of a single subcutaneous (SC) dose of tinzaparin, given at a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis dose of 75 IU/kg once a day. These samples were analyzed for vWF and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by ELISA. Also examined was the effect of different LMWH on the release of vWF from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in response to various stimuli, such as oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) or endotoxin. Results: Obese subjects showed higher plasma levels of TNF-α compared with normal-weight subjects. Regression analysis showed plasma vWF levels to be directly associated with the presence of higher plasma levels of TNF-α in these obese subjects. Tinzaparin, given at a prophylaxis dose for DVT (75 IU/kg, SC, QD), significantly reduced elevated plasma levels of endothelial dysfunction marker vWF associated with higher inflammatory TNF-α levels (P &amp;lt;0.01). HUVEC, when treated with oxidized LDL or endotoxin, demonstrated a significant elevation of vWF release into the medium in a time-dependent manner. Tinzaparin and enoxaparin significantly reduced this increased vWF release from HUVEC in the media. Conclusion: Plasma values of vWF and TNF-α are higher in obese than in normal-weight individuals. Treatment with tinzaparin lowers plasma levels of TNF-α in both obese and normal-weight subjects. The levels of vWF were higher in obese subjects than in normal-weight ones because of the higher levels of circulating TNF-α. Tinzaparin reduced vWF levels in these obese subjects. Table 1. Effect of Tinzaparin (75 IU/kg, SC, QD) on Plasma vWF in Obese and Normal-Weight Subjects Table 2. Effect of Tinzaparin (75 IU/kg, SC) on Plasma TNF-α in Obese and Normal-Weight Subjects Subjects Mean Plasma vWF (IU/mL) ± SD Pre-Tinzaparin Mean Plasma vWF (IU/mL) ± SD Post-Tinzaparin (2 h) * P &amp;lt;0.05 obese versus normal-weight subjects before treatment with tinzaparin; †P &amp;lt;0.01 post- versus pre-tinzaparin; vWF = von Willebrand factor. Normal body weight (n = 32) 0.44 ± 0.15 0.36 ± 0.12 Obese (n = 12) 0.68 ± 0.20* 0.29 ± 0.11† Subjects Mean Plasma TNF- α (pg/mL) ± SD Pre-Tinzaparin Mean Plasma TNF- α (pg/mL) ± SD Post-Tinzaparin * P &amp;lt;0.05 obese compared with normal-weight subjects before treatment with tinzaparin; †P &amp;lt;0.01 post- compared with pre-tinzaparin; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α. Normal body weight (n = 32) 1.68 ± 0.55 1.37 ± 0.33 Obese (n = 32) 2.82 ± 0.38* 1.45 ± 0.25†
Quo vadis modularity in the 2020s? (2021)

This chapter focuses on the key ideas at the heart of Annette Karmiloff-Smith's thinking, the modularity. Modularity is the idea that the cognition is largely composed of independent, domain-specific cognitive components, as revealed by the possibility of selective damage in adulthood. Annette felt strongly that modularity had been inappropriately applied to the study of developmental disorders through the 1980s and 1990s. The chapter argues that advances in neuroscience have caused modularity to be recast from an a priori design principle, which it would make good sense for potential cognitive systems to employ, to a data-driven concept based on how the brain is actually working. It illustrates the latter point by presenting data from Annette’s final project on infant development in Down syndrome, which uses graph theoretical analyses of electrophysiological brain imaging data to explore functional network structure in the brain activity of the young children.
Meteorite nanoparticles as models for interstellar grains: Synthesis and preliminary characterisation (2006)

Dust particles and their interaction with gases play important roles in star formation and in solar nebulae. Appropriate model dust grains are needed for the laboratory simulation of gas-grain interactions. Nanoparticles formed from carbonaceous meteorites may be particularly suitable, as these particles are formed from materials that were formed originally from interstellar/nebula dust. Extending our previous studies with grounded meteorite powders, we demonstrate here the production of nanoparticles formed from meteorites using the laser desorption/controlled condensation method developed in our laboratory. The product nanoparticle aggregates have porous, web-like morphologies similar to interstellar dust grains, indicating that they can present large specific surface areas for gas/grain interactions. In this paper, we present polarisation modulation reflection-absorption infrared spectra (PM-RAIRS) of supported thin films and compare these spectra with the known silicate bands in the spectra of interstellar dust recorded during the ISO mission. We also report an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) temperature programmed desorption (TPD) study of the adsorption of CO on the supported nanoparticle films. The latter allow us to estimate the CO binding energy on the meteorite nanoparticles as 13.5 +/- 3.0 kJ mol(-1), cf. a value of 9.8 +/- 0.2 kJ mol(-1) for CO binding to a water ice substrate. Such thermochemical data can be useful for computational modelling of gas-grain interactions under the diverse conditions in interstellar clouds and solar nebulae.
Translocation and Cleavage of Rubella Virus Envelope Glycoproteins: Identification and Role of the E2 Signal Sequence (1990)

The structural proteins of rubella virus (RV) are translated as a large polyprotein precursor, p110, which is processed to produce the mature virion components, the 33K capsid protein (C) and the two envelope glycoproteins, E1 (58K) and E2 (42K to 47K). The precise processing mechanism has not been elucidated; however it must include at least two proteolytic cleavages to release the individual virion components from the polyprotein, and it must provide for their dichotomous intracellular distribution. The C protein remains in the cytoplasm where it participates in the formation of nucleocapsids, while the envelope glycoproteins enter the cellular secretory pathway and are N-glycosylated and cleaved. Sequence analysis of the 24S mRNA encoding the polyprotein precursor suggests that both E1 and E2 are preceded by signal peptides for translocation across the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. A recent study has provided direct evidence that the putative signal peptide preceding E1 can in fact mediate translocation of E1. In this study, we have used in vitro translation-translocation assays to examine further the processing of RV glycoproteins. We have shown that the putative signal sequence preceding E2 can mediate translocation of the E2 protein in the absence of an intact E1 signal peptide. The experiments also revealed that cleavage of the E2-E1 polyprotein requires (i) the E2 signal peptide, (ii) microsomal membranes and (iii) sequences beyond the proximal half of the E1 signal peptide. Together these results suggest that separation of the E2 signal sequence as well as the proteolytic cleavage of E1 from E2 is performed by the cellular enzyme, signal peptidase.
Letter to the Editor concerning “Bacteria: back pain, leg pain and Modic sign: a surgical multicenter comparative study” by Fritzell, P., Welinder-Olsson, C., Jönsson, B. et al. Eur Spine J (2019) (2019)

We have read with interest the paper by Fritzell et al. which suggests the association of bacteria, especially the anaerobic bacterium Cutibacterium acnes (previously Propionibacterium acnes), with pain-generating degenerated discs is likely to reflect contamination arising from the skin. We find this view surprising given that the recent studies of Capoor et al.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Intracellular Metal Speciation in Streptococcus sanguinis Establishes SsaACB as Critical for Redox Maintenance. (2020)

Streptococcus sanguinis is an oral commensal bacterium, but it can colonize pre-existing heart valve vegetations if introduced into the bloodstream, leading to infective endocarditis. Loss of Mn- or Fe-cofactored virulence determinants are thought to result in weakening of this bacterium. Indeed, intracellular Mn accumulation mediated by the lipoprotein SsaB, a component of the SsaACB transporter complex, has been shown to promote virulence for endocarditis and O2 tolerance. To delineate intracellular metal-ion abundance and redox speciation within S. sanguinis, we developed a protocol exploiting two spectroscopic techniques, Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, to respectively quantify total intracellular metal concentrations and directly measure redox speciation of Fe and Mn within intact whole-cell samples. Addition of the cell-permeable siderophore deferoxamine shifts the oxidation states of accessible Fe and Mn from reduced-to-oxidized, as verified by magnetic moment calculations, aiding in the characterization of intracellular metal pools and metal sequestration levels for Mn2+ and Fe. We have applied this methodology to S. sanguinis and an SsaACB knockout strain (ΔssaACB), indicating that SsaACB mediates both Mn and Fe uptake, directly influencing the metal-ion pools available for biological inorganic pathways. Mn supplementation of ΔssaACB returns total intracellular Mn to wild-type levels, but it does not restore wild-type redox speciation or distribution of metal cofactor availability for either Mn or Fe. Our results highlight the biochemical basis for S. sanguinis oxidative resistance, revealing a dynamic role for SsaACB in controlling redox homeostasis by managing the intracellular Fe/Mn composition and distribution. PMID: 32329608 Funding information This work was supported by: NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI114926
Episcleral Venous Pressure and IOP Responses to Central Electrical Stimulation in the Rat (2013)

The present study indicates that the SSN may participate in regulating EVP.
High molecular weight and sulfoaromatic carboxylic acid salt-terminated telechelic ionomeric polyester. (2005)

A telechelic ionomeric polyester is prepd. by reacting a first diol with a sulfoarom. carboxylic acid salt to form a sulfoarom. carboxylate ester salt, and polymg. it with a diester and a second diol in the presence of a transesterification catalyst. 1,4-Butane diol 50.440 g, 3-sulfobenzoic acid sodium salt 2.686 g and titanium tetrabutoxide 109 mg were stirred at 230° for 1 h, followed by addn. of di-Me terephthalate 77.624 g and the mixt. was reacted at 215° for 2 h and then at 245° with a dynamic vacuum was applied for 100 min to give PBT with Mw 45,800, ionic content 2.8%, sulfonated end-groups/total end-groups 0.85.
Measurements of cross-phase modulation induced crosstalk in an L-band EDFA (2003)

We measure the cross talk due to cross phase modulation in an L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). The effect is larger than the one seen in C-band amplifiers and becomes the dominant effect in some wavelength-division multiplexing systems.
Toward Low-Cost Workload Distribution for Integrated Green Data Centers (2014)

This paper aims at maximizing the utilization of green energy and cutting the cost of electricity associated in provisioning computing services across a group of data centers. To this end, we propose the notion of green workload and green service rate, versus brown workload and brown service rate, respectively, to facilitate the separation of green energy utilization maximization and brown energy cost minimization problems. Accordingly, a workload distribution algorithm is designed such that the cost of electricity is reduced as compared with the existing workload distribution schemes.
The Phenolic Quality of Red Grapes at Delivery: Objective Evaluation with Colour Measurements (2017)

The current research evaluated the possibility of the real time (before crushing) measurement of the phenolic quality index of red grapes to define the true quality of the raw material destined for the production of wine or juice. The measurement procedure involved the use of a spectrometer and the acquisition of a reflectance spectral signal via optical fibres immersed directly in the sample to be analysed. The measurements were done on the same juice (grape must) used for refractometry analysis of the sugars. It was established that it was possible to objectively classify the red grape cultivars tested on the basis of their anthocyanin and total polyphenol content. The experiments done in the winery and laboratory demonstrate a positive correlation between the colour of the must sampled from the grape at delivery and the total polyphenols in that grape. The colorimetric parameter can be acquired instantly and the data used in real time to improve the management of the winemaking process and to pay for the grapes on the basis of their phenolic quality.
The Mirage of Breaking MIRAGE: Analyzing the Modeling Pitfalls in Emerging “Attacks” on MIRAGE (2023)

This letter studies common modeling pitfalls in security analyses of hardware defenses to highlight the importance of accurate reproduction of defenses. We provide a case study of MIRAGE (Saileshwar and Qureshi 2021), a defense against cache side channel attacks, and analyze its incorrect modeling in a recent work (Chakraborty et al., 2023) that claimed to break its security. We highlight several modeling pitfalls that can invalidate the security properties of any defense including a) incomplete modeling of components critical for security, b) usage of random number generators that are insufficiently random, and c) initialization of system to improbable states, leading to an incorrect conclusion of a vulnerability, and show how these modeling bugs incorrectly cause set conflicts to be observed in a recent work’s (Chakraborty et al., 2023) model of MIRAGE. We also provide an implementation addressing these bugs that does not incur set-conflicts, highlighting that MIRAGE is still unbroken.
Blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters having a bicarbazole donor moiety (2016)

Two 3,3′-bicarbazole donor based TADF emitters provided high quantum efficiency above 23% in blue delayed fluorescent devices.