gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of Dihydroxybenzenes in Cigarette Smoke. Part 2. Contribution from Quinic Acid and Myo-Inositol (2013)

Abstract Formation of dihydroxybenzenes in cigarette smoke is a subject of considerable interest because some dihydroxybenzenes are co-carcinogens, (e.g., catechol and certain alkylcatechols), and others such as hydroquinone can form metabolites that have toxic or carcinogenic properties. This present study describes the contribution of tobacco quinic acid (or (1S,3R,4S,5R)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid) and myo-inositol (or (1R,2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol) to the formation of dihydroxybenzenes in cigarette smoke. The study is a continuation of a previous one showing the contribution of chlorogenic acid and rutin as precursors for these compounds (6). The yields of dihydroxybenzenes formed by pyrolysis of quinic acid and myo-inositol are relatively high and both quinic acid and myo-inositol can be present in some tobacco types at levels as high as 1% by weight. The level of these compounds makes them potentially important contributors to the formation of dihydroxybenzenes in cigarette smoke. Similar to the previous study on other dihydroxybenzene precursors from tobacco, this present study was done in three parts: 1) pyrolytic evaluation of the amount of dihydroxybenzenes in smoke generated from isolated quinic acid and myoinositol; 2) analysis of smoke from cigarettes made from a variety of tobaccos (14 single grades) and two blended cigarettes, followed by correlations of dihydroxybenzene yields from these cigarettes with the level of quinic acid and myo-inositol in the tobaccos; 3) addition of quinic acid or myo-inositol to several tobaccos followed by the smoking of the spiked cigarettes and measurement of the dihydroxybenzenes yield increase. The study performed on a variety of single-grade tobacco cigarettes and for two blended-tobacco cigarettes (one being the 2R4F Kentucky reference) shows that the contribution of quinic acid and of inositol to the formation of catechol and hydroquinone in smoke depends on the blend, as previously shown for chlorogenic acid and rutin. The study results suggest that quinic acid and myo-inositol may be major contributors to the formation of dihydroxybenzenes in cigarette smoke. Although the calculations do not provide precise numbers for the contribution of quinic acid and inositol to the formation of dihydroxybenzenes, these results suggest that the contribution could be as high as 50 to 60% of the level of dihydroxybenzenes.
PAD4-Independent Interaction of ACPA with Nuclear Antigens in Apoptotic Cells and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Defines a Subset of Autoantibodies (2018)

PAD4-Independent Interaction of ACPA with Nuclear Antigens in Apoptotic Cells and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Defines a Subset of Autoantibodies
Estimation of Rician Channels From Indoor Measurements at 26 GHz (2018)

The aim of this work is to evaluate amplitude distributions of narrow-band channels based on sounding measurements made at 26 GHz. The setup is with an omni-directional antenna moving in different indoor environments with an access point (AP). Rician channel model parameters are obtained via maximum likelihood (ML) estimation and the k-factors are obtained as well as mean power levels. Depending on the type of environment and the location of the mobile with respect to the<br/>used AP, the found k-factors varies from about −10 dB up to about 9 dB.
Acoustic behavior of tuning slots of labial organ pipes (2014)

The effect of tuning slots on the sound characteristics of labial organ pipes is investigated in this paper by means of laboratory experiments. Besides changing the pitch of the pipe, the tuning slot also plays an important role in forming the timbre. The objectives of this contribution are to document the influence of tuning slots built with different geometries on the pipe sound and to validate the observed tendencies by means of reproducible experiments. It is found that the measured steady state sound spectra show unique characteristics, typical only for tuning slot organ pipes. By separately adjusting the geometrical parameters of the tuning slots on experimental pipes, the impact of each scaling parameter on the steady state spectrum is determined. It is shown that the scaling procedures used currently in organ building practice do not provide sufficient control over the sound characteristics, leaving the capabilities provided by the tuning slot unexploited. Subjective comparison made by organ builders of sound recordings of various setups confirms that the observed sound quality of tuning slot pipes is strongly dependent on the scaling of the slot.
ROLE OF UP‐FRONT AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN PERIPHERAL T‐CELL LYMPHOMAS: a PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS FROM LYSA CENTERS (2017)

Introduction: Despite years of attempts to improve the prognosis of patients, peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) remains a therapeutic challenge. Due to the rarity and the heterogeneity of PTCL, no consensus has been achieved regarding the type of first-line treatment. The benefit of autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) as a consolidation procedure for patient in partial or complete response (PR or CR) is still intensely debated. Methods: Patient age, disease severity, and induction regimen are known potential confounding factors undermining the formal assessment of ASCT in first-line settings. Moreover, no retrospective study has focused on patients in response after induction, leading to strong bias in favor of the consolidation procedure. In the absence of randomized trials addressing the role of ASCT, we used a Cox proportional hazard model and a propensity score matching approach to correct for sample selection bias between patients allocated or not allocated to ASCT in intention-to-treat. Among 527 patients with peripheral PTCL-NOS, AITL or ALK- ALCL screened from 14 centers in France, Belgium, and Portugal, a final cohort of 269 patients with partial or complete responses after induction was identified and information about treatment allocation was carefully collected before therapy initiation. Results: With a median follow-up of 5.3 years, the median PFS was 3.7 years, and the median OS was 8.4 years for the entire cohort. At 5 years, PFS was 45.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 37.8-50.6%), and OS was 60.4% (95% CI: 53.6-66.5%). Patients with ALK- ALCL experienced a slightly longer time to progression compared to patients with PTCL-NOS or AITL, although the difference did not reach significant difference. No OS difference was observed according to histology subtype. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only remission status (CR vs. PR) at the end of induction was associated with significantly prolonged PFS and OS. In the final matched population of 146 patients, no difference regarding progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) was observed (P = .33 and P = .40). No difference according to the use of up-front ASCT in ITT was further noted when patients with advanced stage disease (III or IV), with aaIPI > 1 or reaching a PR only at the end of induction were considered (data not shown). Conclusion: The present data do not support the use of ASCT for up-front consolidation for patients with PTCL-NOS, AITL or ALK- ALCL with partial or complete response after induction. Keywords: autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT); peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL).
Image Classification of Clogs in Direct Ink Write Additive Manufacturing (2019)

For our direct ink write (DIW) setup, hours of video are collected of fibrous ink that is printed from a translucent nozzle while parts are made. Due to sporadic misalignment of the fibers, clogs may arise that disrupt ink flow, resulting in a failed part. Without on-line monitoring, defective parts can only be identified by operators who witness clogs as or after they occur, requiring operators to continuously monitor the process to eliminate defects. In order to alleviate this, we aim to minimize the effect of clogging via automated process monitoring and rapid detection, thereby reducing labor costs, material loss, and proper identification of defective parts. In this paper, we propose applying a convolutional neural network (CNN) for single frame classification on images gathered from our DIW setup. We report a class average recall of 99.85% across clogged and unclogged classes, and average error of 1.64% when evaluated on new test video sequences, with a processing rate of 27.58 fps. Using class activation mapping, we can visualize image regions the CNN model identifies as salient for each class in performing its discriminative classification task.
Specificity of a protein phosphatase inhibitor from rabbit skeletal muscle (1977)

A hear-stable protein, which is a specific inhibitor of protein phosphatase-III, was purified 700-fold from skeletal muscle by a procedure that involved heat-treatment at 95 degrees C, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The final step completely resolved the protein phosphatase inhibitor from the protein inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The phosphorylase phosphatase, beta-phosphorylase kinase phosphatase, glycogen synthase phosphatase-1 and glycogen synthase phosphatase-2 activities of protein phosphatase-III [Antoniw, J. F., Nimmo, H. G., Yeaman, S. J. & Cohen, P.(1977) Biochem.J. 162, 423-433] were inhibited in a very similar manner by the protein phosphatase inhibitor and at least 95% inhibition was observed at high concentrations of inhibitor. The two forms of protein phosphatase-III, termed IIIA and IIIB, were equally susceptible to the protein phosphatase inhibitor. The protein phosphatase inhibitor was at least 200 times less effective in inhibiting the activity of protein phosphatase-I and protein phosphatase-II. The high degree of specificity of the inhibitor for protein phosphatase-III was used to show that 90% of the phosphorylase phosphatase and glycogen synthase phosphatase activities measured in muscle extracts are catalysed by protein phosphatase-III. Protein phosphatase-III was tightly associated with the protein-glycogen complex that can be isolated from skeletal muscle, whereas the protein phosphatase inhibitor and protein phosphatase-II were not. The results provide further evidence that the enzyme that catalyses the dephosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of phosphorylase kinase (protein phosphatase-II) and the enzyme that catalyses the dephosphorylation of the beta-subunit of phosphorylase kinase (protein phosphatase-III) are distinct. The results suggest that the protein phosphatase inhibitor may be a useful probe for differentiating different classes of protein phosphatases in mammalian cells.
CENTRIFUGAL LABTUBE FOR FULLY AUTOMATED DNA EXTRACTION & LAMP AMPLIFICATION BASED ON AN INTEGRATED, LOW-COST HEATING SYSTEM (2013)

In this paper, we introduce a disposable battery-driven heating system for loop-mediated isothermal DNA amplification (LAMP) inside a centrifugally-driven DNA-extraction platform (LabTube). We demonstrate fully automated, fully closed extraction of as little as 100 DNA copies of verotoxin-producing (VTEC) Escherichia coli lysate in water, milk and apple juice in a standard laboratory centrifuge, followed by subsequent automatic LAMP amplification with an overall time-to-result of 1.5hrs. The system is disposable, fully closed and automated, requiring only a single pipetting step. The microcontroller-driven heating system is low-cost (<1$) and it can be easily parallelized. Because the heated LabSystem runs within a standard laboratory centrifuge, it is suitable for DNA extraction and amplification in low-resource areas, at production sites or sales locations.
Synthesis and Characterization of ABC Triblock Copolymers with Two Different Crystalline End Blocks:  Influence of Confinement on Crystallization Behavior and Morphology (2002)

The preparation of polyethylene-block-poly(ethylene-alt-propylene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PE-b-PEP-b-PEO) triblock copolymers by homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of the precursor poly(1,4-butadiene)-block-poly(1,4-isoprene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PB-b-PI-b-PEO) triblock copolymers, which were synthesized by sequential anionic polymerization, is described. Thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveals differences in the crystallization behavior of the PEO and PE blocks arising from different morphological confinements active during crystallization. If the PEO block is confined into isolated spherical or cylindrical microdomains, crystallization can only be induced by high supercoolings resulting from the vast number of microdomains (spheres or cylinders) compared to the number of available heterogeneities. In contrast, crystallization of PE proceeds via heterogeneous nucleation regardless of the composition, which can be attributed to the miscibility of PEP and PE segments in the melt. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning force microscopy (SFM) have been used to investigate the influence of different confinements, active in PE-b-PEP-b-PEO triblock copolymers, on the formed morphology. In addition, temperature-dependent imaging by hot-stage SFM measurements following the melting of PEO blocks and annealing of PE crystallites within a PE-b-PEP-b-PEO triblock copolymer will be presented.
ACR Appropriateness Criteria®Aggressive Nonmelanomatous Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck (2016)

Multidisciplinary assessment is vital to guiding the ideal use of surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy in this disease.
Bisphenol A Exposure during Adulthood Causes Augmentation of Follicular Atresia and Luteal Regression by Decreasing 17β-Estradiol Synthesis via Downregulation of Aromatase in Rat Ovary (2013)

BPA exposure during adulthood can disturb the maintenance of normal ovarian functions by reducing E2. The steroidogenic proteins StAR and P450arom appear to be targeted by BPA.
Knowledge-association networks for system design (2003)

Knowledge-association networks, a new framework for a knowledge base for automatic system design, is proposed. With this framework, knowledge base developers can easily avoid verbose descriptions, errors and inconsistencies, and can reduce the computational complexity in automatic system design. The networks focus on the associations among pieces of knowledge about system components. The associations show orthogonal relationships for the traditional relationships, such as classifications and structures. The networks include four kinds of associative relationships: selective, direct, concatenated and meta-associations, which are derived from the dependencies among the system components and engineers' knowledge associations. To investigate the effectiveness of the knowledge-association networks, they are applied to an automatic power system design tool, the Advanced Plant Engineering Cycle tool, version 3 (APEC3). APEC3 supports electrical engineering processes by producing single line diagrams, specification balance statements and item lists from the customer's electrical load requirements. In practical use, the design results showed that APEC3 can reduce the design time to 1/8 th of the normal time. The networks and the design method can also be effective for information systems, because the type of design problem is not limited to power system design.
Development of microfluidic device and system for breast cancer cell fluorescence detection (2009)

A biomicrofluidic device and a compact cellular testing system were developed to be used in cancer diagnostics. The device was fabricated by lithography-based microfabrication techniques, followed by two-step etching of deep reactive ion etching, and channels were formed by anodic bonding of Si and Pyrex. The device is based on the capture of cells inside a new meandering weir-type filter design, followed by detection and characterization using specific fluorescent labeling. Breast cancer cells MCF-7 and control cells MCF-10A were flowed through the microfluidic channels, and captured by meandering weir-type filters. 17β-Estradiaol(E2)-BSA (bovine serum albumin)-FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) macromolecular complex was found to selectively label MCF-7, potentially serving as a cancer cell detection marker. MCF-7 cells were detected with specific and strong FITC signals after only 4min of contact with the stain. The signals were about seven times stronger than that of a labeling performed on conventional glass slides. These results strongly suggest that this novel design has a potential application to detect cancer cells or other diseased cells without compromising the advantage of high sensitivity of the microfluidic approach.
The Interaction between HIV-1 Gag and Human Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase during Viral Assembly (2003)

Human lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) is a tRNA-binding protein that is selectively packaged into HIV-1 along with its cognate tRNALys isoacceptors. Evidence exists that Gag alone is sufficient for the incorporation of LysRS into virions. Herein, using both in vitro and in vivo methods, we begin to map regions in Gag and LysRS that are required for this interaction. In vitro reactions between wild-type and truncated HIV-1 Gag and human LysRS were monitored using GST-tagged molecules and glutathione-agarose chromatography. Gag/LysRS interaction in vivo was detected in 293FT cells cotransfected with plasmids coding for wild-type or mutant HIV-1 Gag and LysRS, either by monitoring Gag.LysRS complexes immunoprecipitated from cell lysate with anti-LysRS or by measuring the ability of LysRS to be packaged into budded Gag viral-like particles. Based on these studies, we conclude that the Gag/LysRS interaction depends upon Gag sequences within the C-terminal domain of capsid (the last 54 amino acids) and amino acids 208-259 of LysRS. The latter domain includes the class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase consensus sequence known as motif 1. Both regions have been implicated in homodimerization of capsid and LysRS, respectively. Sequences falling outside these amino acid stretches can be deleted from either molecule without affecting the Gag/LysRS interaction, further supporting the observation that LysRS is incorporated into Gag viral-like particles independent of its ability to bind tRNALys.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Network Electrodes for the Detection of Fentanyl Citrate (2020)

We prepare disposable single-walled carbon nanotube network electrodes for the detection of the potent opioid fentanyl, currently a leading cause for opioid overdose deaths in the USA. We show repeatable dry transfer of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks to produce robust electrodes. This process directly produces highly conductive SWCNT electrodes without the need for any further modifications required for conventional carbon electrodes. The realized electrode showed low background currents combined with spontaneous enrichment of fentanyl, resulting in a high signal-to-noise ratio. With this electrode, a detection limit of 11 nM and a linear range of 0.01–1 μM were found for fentanyl. In addition, selectivity is demonstrated in the presence of several common interferents.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2009)

] CC has a mortality rate that exceeds that of melanoma; 18 overall 5-year survival rates range from 30% to 64%. A history of extensive sun exposure is a
MeV implants boost device design (1995)

This high energy technique minimizes soft error rate, latchup, leakage, noise, and ESD in MOSFETs. High energy implant tools reduce process cost and complexity because they eliminate the need for a significant number of process steps and mask levels. Using MeV implant tools for retrograde wells, mask levels and process steps are eliminated. They also reduce metal contamination, thermal stress and wafer warpage. In fact, MeV implanters can substantially reduce the thermal budget from both processing time and temperature. With MeV implanters, there are opportunities to eliminate silicon epitaxy and p+ substrates, 5-to-20 percent cost reduction has been quoted with the migration to low cost wafers and MeV technology.
Developing Effective Human Engineering Standards for Color Flight Displays (1987)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The new color display Aerospace Recommended Practice. ARP 4032, now undergoing final approval by SAE represents a significant improvement in the documentation of useful human engineering data. Working with operationally defined requirements for effective color displays, a subcommittee of the SAE G-10 (Aerospace Behavioral Engineering Technology) committee has developed an ARP which translates the operational objectives outlined by the pilot community into specific functional requirements and test procedures which can be used by engineers to assure that color CRT displays will perform properly under all operational conditions.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This work was accomplished by pooling the knowledge and experience of key individuals involved in display applications design, equipment manufacture, human performance assessment and operational use. The ARP marks a significant advancement in the means of dealing objectively with what has been a highly subjective facet of design and operation. The ARP carefully avoids going beyond what is known, while providing the designer with a means of handling those characteristics which cannot be predicted in advance. Finally the ARP was developed in cooperation with the operational community, including important input from the SAE S-7 (Flight Deck) and A-4 (Electronic Displays) committees.&lt;/div&gt;
The Hummingbird-2 Lightweight Authenticated Encryption Algorithm. (2011)

Abstract. Hummingbird-2 is an encryption algorithm with a 128-bit secret key and a 64-bit initialization vector. Hummingbird-2 optionally produces an authentication tag for each message processed. Like it’s predecessor Hummingbird-1, Hummingbird-2 has been targeted for low-end microcontrollers and for hardware implementation in lightweight devices such as RFID tags and wireless sensors. Compared to the previous version of the cipher, and in response to extensive analysis, the internal state has been increased to 128 bits and a flow of entropy from the state to the mixing function has been improved. In this paper we present the Hummingbird-2 algorithm, its design and security arguments, performance analysis on both software and hardware platforms, and timing analysis in relation to the ISO 18000-6C protocol.