gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-element Ultrasound Imaging System based on Mirror Scanning (2020)

Due to low complexity and low cost compared to array transducer, ultrasound imaging with single-element transducer provides a reasonable solution for high-frequency ultrasound imaging. By applying mechanical scanning or sector scanning, single-element imaging system also could obtain 2D cross-section image. However, there are limitations about fast imaging and the specifications of single-element transducer. Here, we propose a new single-element ultrasound imaging system to overcome conventional limitations. With this developed system, we performed in vivo mouse heart 2D and 3D imaging and in vivo human wrist 2D imaging.
Driving forces for the self-assembly of graphene oxide on organic monolayers (2014)

Graphene oxide (GO) flakes were self-assembled from solution on surfaces of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), varying in the chemical structure of their head groups. The coverage density of GO relates to strength of attractive interaction, which is largest for Coulomb interaction provided by positively charged SAM head groups and negatively charged GO. A rough surface enhances the coverage density but with the same trend in driving force dependency. The self-assembly approach was used to fabricate field-effect transistors with reduced GO (rGO) as active layer. The SAMs as attractive layer for self-assembly remain almost unaffected by the reduction from GO to rGO and serve as ultra-thin gate dielectrics in devices, which operate at low voltages of maximum 3 V and exhibit a shift of the Dirac voltage related to the dipole moment of the SAMs.
Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin improves disposition strategies for patients with acute dyspnoea: results from the BACH trial (2012)

MR-proADM has the potential to guide initial disposition of undifferentiated ED patients with acute dyspnoea and might therefore be helpful to improve resource utilisation and patient care.
Supplemental Data from A Phase 1 Study of the PARP Inhibitor Veliparib in Combination with Temozolomide in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. Changes in Proportion (%) of γH2AX-Positive Cells in Peripheral Blood upon Veliparib and Veliparib/Temozolomide Treatment Figure S1. FANCD2 monoubiquitination following ex vivo melphalan treatment of patient bone marrow cells Figure S2.Pretreatment levels of PARP1 and MGMT Figure S3.Pretreatment MGMT promoter methylation in patient peripheral blood (PB) or bone marrow (BM) AML cells Figure S4. PARP inhibition in peripheral blood cells&lt;/p&gt;
Emx2 homeodomain transcription factor interacts with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in the axons of olfactory sensory neurons (2004)

We report that Emx2 homeogene is expressed at the mRNA and protein levels in the adult mouse olfactory neuroepithelium. As expected for a transcription factor, Emx2 is present in the nucleus of immature and mature olfactory sensory neurons. However, the protein is also detected in the axonal compartment of these neurons, both in the olfactory mucosa axon bundles and in axon terminals within the olfactory bulb. Emx2 axonal staining is heterogeneous, suggesting an association with particles. Subcellular fractionations of olfactory bulb synaptosomes, combined with chemical lesions of olfactory neurons, confirm the presence of Emx2 in axon terminals. Significant amounts of Emx2 protein cosediment with high density synaptosomal subfractions containing eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). Nonionic detergents and RNase treatments failed to detach eIF4E and Emx2 from these high-density fractions enriched in vesicles and granular structures. In addition, Emx2 and eIF4E can be coimmunoprecipitated from olfactory mucosa and bulb extracts and interact directly, as demonstrated in pull-down experiments. Emx2 axonal localization, association with high-density particles and interaction with eIF4E strongly suggest that this transcription factor has new nonnuclear functions most probably related to the local control of protein translation in the olfactory sensory neuron axons. Finally, we show that two other brain-expressed homeoproteins, Otx2 and Engrailed 2, also bind eIF4E, indicating that several homeoproteins may modulate eIF4E functions in the developing and adult nervous system.
Realistic 3D coherent transfer function inverse filtering of complex fields (2011)

We present a novel technique for three-dimensional (3D) image processing of complex fields. It consists in inverting the coherent image formation by filtering the complex spectrum with a realistic 3D coherent transfer function (CTF) of a high-NA digital holographic microscope. By combining scattering theory and signal processing, the method is demonstrated to yield the reconstruction of a scattering object field. Experimental reconstructions in phase and amplitude are presented under non-design imaging conditions. The suggested technique is best suited for an implementation in high-resolution diffraction tomography based on sample or illumination rotation.
Study of percolation transport in the InGaN/AlGaN LEDs with random alloy fluctuation (2015)

3D Numerical modeling for carrier transport in the EBL and InGaN quantum well by considering the random alloy fluctuation have been done. The result shows that percolative transport should be the dominant transport mechanism in the light emitting diode and affects the efficiency droop.
Grain boundary scattering in Ru and Cu interconnects (2020)

We study grain boundary scattering as a source of resistance increase in narrow interconnects. We consider both copper and a potential next-generation metal, ruthenium. The increase in resistance due to grain boundary scattering is often calculated using the Mayadas and Schatzkes model, which in addition to the average grain size depends on the bulk resistivity, the electron mean free path, and the average reflection coefficient at grain boundaries. We demonstrate a workflow to calculate all the latter three material properties using first-principles calculations. Calculated values for copper are used to verify our method, while experimental results for the cubic phase of ruthenium are unavailable and thus must rely on first-principles calculations. Using an automated workflow, we consider significantly more grain boundary structures than in other works, and find an almost twice as large average reflection coefficient for copper than previously reported. In spite of the larger copper reflection coefficient, the corresponding reflection coefficients for ruthenium grain boundaries are consistently larger, but with a smaller variation than observed for copper. Our results demonstrate the importance of studying a large set of grain boundary structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Reactivity of the Metal Centers of Ribonucleotide Reductases (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CCSW 2014 (2014)

The 6th ACM Cloud Computing Security Workshop (CCSW 2014) is held in conjunction with the 21st ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS 2014), on November 7 at The Scottsdale Plaza Resort, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA. Cloud computing is a new paradigm for computing as a utility and refers to aggregation of virtualized computing resources managed by a service provider and dynamically allocated to tenants on demand. The "cloud" transforms the entire IT industry, enables new business applications and services at reduced costs, but at the same time raises new security and privacy issues that must be addressed before its wide adoption. The CCSW workshop series focuses on the security challenges and exciting research opportunities that are brought about by recent developments in cloud computing.
Overloading of Names in Distributed Systems (1985)

Service request mechanisms in distributed systems have developed from a connectionbased paradigm, in which users specify services by naming the hardware by which the service is to be rendered.Implicit in this form of naming is the specification of the characteristics of the desired service.In other words, names of physical devices have been overloaded with the specification of type of service that the hardware offers.This overloading is undesirable, because it forces users to be aware of the implicit connection between hardware name and type of service.and because it binds services to particular hardware very early in the service execution process.We present an example of connection-based overloading (based on the 4.2BSD UNIX printer queue utilities Ipr,lpq, and Iprm).and propose a service-oriented naming mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Site Selectivity of the Diels‐Alder Reactions of 3‐(1‐(tert‐ Butyldimethylsilyloxy)vin‐1‐yl)furan and 3‐(Propen‐2‐yl)furan. Synthesis of 4‐Substituted Benzofurans. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Glycation End Products (2009)

The anatomic facets of skin are infinite, making a complete review of age-related changes in skin structure problematic. This overview, therefore, focuses on certain readily quantifiable aspects of the skin: protein, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), water, and lipid content and structure. Where possible, we address differences between intrinsic aging, physiologic aging, and extrinsic aging due to photoexposure, wind, relative humidity, and other environmental factors, although we acknowledge that this distinction is not always easily made. Ultimately, we hope to unify each topic and the general understanding of skin structure with respect to aging. This chapter reviews each category of structure and function in turn, beginning with a brief description of commonly used quantitative methods of study. Each section includes a table presenting research data, a discussion of the experimental outcomes and, wherever possible, an evidence-based summary of the effect of age on the parameter discussed.
Structural Localization of Light Chain Amyloidogenicity (2004)

The light chain composition and VL subgroup of the amyloid was determined by amino acid sequencing and ionizing mass spectroscopy of HPLC-separated peptides obtained by trypsin digestion of reduced and pyridylethylated protein extracted from the water soluble material with 6M guanidine HCl. The localization of amyloidogenic regions of light chains can form the basis for design of therapeutic agents for patients with primary amyloidosis. Amino acid sequence analysis of the DEN heterodimer extracted from the fibril confirmed it as a λ1 light chain protein. Gel electrophoresis performed under reducing and non-reducing conditions indicated that the light chain was composed of two disulfide-linked peptides comprising residues 1–45 and 77—111.
Fasting Glucagon Concentrations Predict Longitudinal Changes in ß-Cell Function of Nondiabetic Humans (2018)

The diabetes-associated allele at rs7903146 in the TCF7L2 locus predisposes to type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Recent work has shown that this variant is associated with impaired postprandial glucagon suppression. Since defects in α-cell function occur independently of impaired β-cell function, we hypothesized that impaired glucagon suppression could accelerate progression to T2DM. Therefore, we recruited 73 nondiabetic subjects with prior (6.7 ± 0.3 years) measurement of β-cell function using the oral minimal model (Baseline) and compared these indices to those obtained during a repeat Experiment (Present). Weight increased slightly, but significantly (2.8 ± 0.7 Kg, p &amp;lt; 0.01) over the period of study. Overall Disposition Index (DI) which expresses β-cell responsivity (ϕ) as a function of insulin action (Si) did not change (1234±160 vs. 1143±116 10-14, dl/kg/min2 per pmol/l, DIBaseline vs. DIPresent, p=0.55). However, there was considerable heterogeneity with a decline in DI associated with impaired Si Baseline after adjusting for age and weight changes (R2 = 0.22, p = 1.2 x 10-3). Of note, fasting glucagon concentrations at the time of initial study ([Glucagon]Baseline) were also significantly and inversely related to DIPresent (R2 = 0.13, p = 8 x 10-3). Baseline nadir and integrated (Area Under Basal-AUB) glucagon concentrations did not predict (p &amp;gt; 0.05) changes in DI. Fasting [Glucagon]Baseline, adjusted for age and weight changes interacts with Si Baseline to predict the longitudinal decline in DI (DIBaseline-DIPresent: (R2 = 0.29, p &amp;lt; 1 x 10-4). Taken together, these data suggest that defects in α-cell function, manifest as elevated fasting glucagon, drive subsequent decline in β-cell function. It remains to be ascertained if defects in postprandial-glucagon suppression attributable to or independent of, diabetes-associated genetic variation in TCF7L2 also interact with defects in fasting glucagon secretion to drive decline in β-cell function in nondiabetic humans. Disclosure J. Adams: None. M.C. Laurenti: Other Relationship; Self; GlySens Incorporated. M.D. Hurtado: None. C. Dalla Man: None. C. Cobelli: Research Support; Self; Sanofi-Aventis. Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. R.A. Rizza: None. A. Vella: Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., XOMA Corporation. Advisory Panel; Self; VTV Therapeutics, Bayer AG.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrathin Organic Films Grown by Organic Molecular Beam Deposition and Related Techniques (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Feasibility conditions of interference alignment via two orthogonal subcarriers (2013)

Conditions are derived on the interference channel with single-antenna nodes to achieve maximal degrees-of-freedom with only two symbol extensions. The conditions for line-of-sight channels involve choosing only the spacing between two subcarriers of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme. For 3 user pairs an upper bound on the sum-rate of interference alignment is approached arbitrarily closely.
Generative adversarial networks in ophthalmology: what are these and how can they be used? (2021)

Although the problem of artificial biomedical data generation is of great interest, image synthesis by GANs represents an innovation with yet unclear relevance for ophthalmology.
Propagation of shock waves in elastic solids caused by cavitation microjet impact. II: Application in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (1993)

To better understand the mechanism of stone fragmentation during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), the model developed in Part I [P. Zhong and C.J. Chuong, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 94, 19-28 (1993)] is applied to study cavitation microjet impingement and its resultant shock wave propagation in renal calculi. Impact pressure at the stone boundary and stress, strain at the propagating shock fronts in the stone were calculated for typical ESWL loading conditions. At the anterior surface of the stone, the jet induced compressive stress can vary from 0.82 approximately 4 times that of the water hammer pressure depending on the contact angles; whereas the jet-induced shear stress can achieve its maximum, with a magnitude of 30% approximately 54% of the water hammer pressure, near the detachment of the longitudinal (or P) wave in the solid. Comparison of model predictions with material failure strengths of renal calculi suggests that jet impact can lead to stone surface erosion by combined compressive and shear loadings at the jet impacting surface, and spalling failure by tensile forces at the distal surface of the stone. Comparing responses from four different stone types suggests that cystine is the most difficult stone to fragment in ESWL, as observed from clinical experience.
0.88-THz Optical Clock Distribution on Adhesively Bonded Silicon Nanomembrane (2014)

Silicon photonics is a promising solution for on-chip optical clock distribution. We developed an adhesive bonding process to integrate silicon nanomembranes onto silicon chips. The single-mode strip waveguide fabricated on this adhesively bonded silicon membrane has a propagation loss of 4.3 dB/cm. A grating-coupled 1-to-32 H-tree optical distribution is experimentally demonstrated. Each branch includes 1.1-cm long strip waveguides, five Y-splitters, and three 90° bends. This optical distribution has a insertion loss of 13.9 dB, uniformity of 0.72 dB, and 3-dB bandwidth of 880 GHz determined by optical autocorrelation.
Large-scale association study identifies ICAM gene region as breast and prostate cancer susceptibility locus. (2004)

We conducted a large-scale association study to identify genes that influence nonfamilial breast cancer risk using a collection of German cases and matched controls and >25,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms located within 16,000 genes. One of the candidate loci identified was located on chromosome 19p13.2 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.5, P = 0.001]. The effect was substantially stronger in the subset of cases with reported family history of breast cancer (OR = 3.4, P = 0.001). The finding was subsequently replicated in two independent collections (combined OR = 1.4, P < 0.001) and was also associated with predisposition to prostate cancer in an independent sample set of prostate cancer cases and matched controls (OR = 1.4, P = 0.002). High-density single nucleotide polymorphism mapping showed that the extent of association spans 20 kb and includes the intercellular adhesion molecule genes ICAM1, ICAM4, and ICAM5. Although genetic variants in ICAM5 showed the strongest association with disease status, ICAM1 is expressed at highest levels in normal and tumor breast tissue. A variant in ICAM5 was also associated with disease progression and prognosis. Because ICAMs are suitable targets for antibodies and small molecules, these findings may not only provide diagnostic and prognostic markers but also new therapeutic opportunities in breast and prostate cancer.
Exome Sequencing from Nanogram Amounts of Starting DNA: Comparing Three Approaches (2014)

Hybridization-based target enrichment protocols require relatively large starting amounts of genomic DNA, which is not always available. Here, we tested three approaches to pre-capture library preparation starting from 10 ng of genomic DNA: (i and ii) whole-genome amplification of DNA samples with REPLI-g (Qiagen) and GenomePlex (Sigma) kits followed by standard library preparation, and (iii) library construction with a low input oriented ThruPLEX kit (Rubicon Genomics). Exome capture with Agilent SureSelectXT2 Human AllExon v4+UTRs capture probes, and HiSeq2000 sequencing were performed for test libraries along with the control library prepared from 1 µg of starting DNA. Tested protocols were characterized in terms of mapping efficiency, enrichment ratio, coverage of the target region, and reliability of SNP genotyping. REPLI-g- and ThruPLEX-FD-based protocols seem to be adequate solutions for exome sequencing of low input samples.
Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based artesunate nanoparticles: formulation, antimalarial and toxicity assessments (2017)

A simple treatment of PLGA-entrapped artesunate nanoparticles with dual advantages of low toxicity and better antiplasmodial efficacy has been developed.
Influence of Diesel Fuel Injection Characteristics on Dual-Fuel Combustion Modes in a Large-Bore, Medium-Speed Engine (2019)

Abstract Experiments were conducted on a large bore, medium speed, single cylinder, diesel engine to investigate operation with substitution ratio of natural gas (NG) varying from 0% to 93% by energy. In a previous study by the same group, these data were used to validate an analytical methodology for predicting performance and emissions under a broad spectrum of energy substitution ratios. For this paper, these experimental data are further analyzed to better understand the performance and combustion behavior under NG substitution ratios of 0%, 60%, and 93%. These results show that by transitioning from diesel-only to 60% dual-fuel (DF) (60% NG substitution ratio), an improvement in the NOx-efficiency trade-off was observed that represented a ∼3% improvement in indicated efficiency at constant NOx. Further, the transition from 60% DF to 93% DF (93% NG substitution ratio) resulted in additional efficiency improvement with a simultaneous reduction in NOx emissions. The data suggest that this improvement can be attributed to the premixed nature of the high substitution ratio case. Furthermore, the results show that high cycle-to-cycle variation was observed for some 93% DF combustion tests. Further analysis, along with diesel injection rate measurements, shows that the observed extreme sensitivity of the combustion event can be attributed to critical parameters such as diesel fuel quantity and injection timing. These results suggest a better understanding of the relative importance of combustion system components and operating conditions in controlling cycle-to-cycle variation of combustion process.
Growth hormone regulates neuroendocrine responses to weight loss via AgRP neurons (2019)

Weight loss triggers important metabolic responses to conserve energy, especially via the fall in leptin levels. Consequently, weight loss becomes increasingly difficult with weight regain commonly occurring in most dieters. Here we show that central growth hormone (GH) signaling also promotes neuroendocrine adaptations during food deprivation. GH activates agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons and GH receptor (GHR) ablation in AgRP cells mitigates highly characteristic hypothalamic and metabolic adaptations induced by weight loss. Thus, the capacity of mice carrying an AgRP-specific GHR ablation to save energy during food deprivation is impaired, leading to increased fat loss. Additionally, administration of a clinically available GHR antagonist (pegvisomant) attenuates the fall of whole-body energy expenditure of food-deprived mice, similarly as seen by leptin treatment. Our findings indicate GH as a starvation signal that alerts the brain about energy deficiency, triggering key adaptive responses to conserve limited fuel stores.
Manipulating three-dimensional gel network entanglement by thin film shearing (2016)

Vortex fluidic mediated shearing of supramolecular gels in thin films leads to complete disruption of fluorous bis-urea derived gels. Hydrocarbon analogues however, are only partially disrupted, which emphasizes the resistance of non-fluorous bis-urea gelators towards shear. The gel structures have been studied by combining the thin film shearing with small angle neutron scattering. This technique represents a novel approach to study the effects of external stimuli on self-assembled supramolecular gel networks.