gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ki-67 and outcome in clinically localised prostate cancer: analysis of conservatively treated prostate cancer patients from the Trans-Atlantic Prostate Group study (2009)

Treatment decisions after diagnosis of clinically localised prostate cancer are difficult due to variability in tumour behaviour. We therefore examined one of the most promising biomarkers in prostate cancer, Ki-67, in a cohort of 808 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1990 and 1996 and treated conservatively. Ki-67 expression was assessed immunohistochemically, in two laboratories, by two different scoring methods and the results compared with cancer-specific and overall survival. The power of the biomarker was compared with Gleason score and initial serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Both methods showed that Ki-67 provided additional prognostic information beyond that available from Gleason score and PSA: for the semi-quantitative method, Deltachi(2) (1 d.f.)=24.6 (P<0.0001), overall survival chi(2)=20.5 (P<0.0001), and for the quantitative method, Deltachi(2) (1 d.f.)=15.1 (P=0.0001), overall survival chi(2)=10.85 (P=0.001). Ki-67 is a powerful biomarker in localised prostate cancer and adds to a model predicting the need for radical or conservative therapy. As it is already in widespread use in routine pathology, it is confirmed as the most promising biomarker to be applied into routine practice.
Observation of anti-Stokes-fluorescence cooling in a ZBLAN fiber with a Yb-doped cladding (2021)

This paper reports the first experimental observation of anti-Stokes cooling of fibers in which both the core and the cladding doped with Yb<sup>3+</sup> to increase to number of Yb ions contributing to cooling and induce greater refrigeration. Two ZBLAN fibers were designed, fabricated by Le Verre Fluoré, and evaluated experimentally. Two cladding profiles were tested, both with asymmetric boundaries to induce greater mode mixing, and therefore better pump filling of the fiber and greater cooling. Temperature measurements showed that the fiber with a double-D cladding did not perform as well (it cooled to –78 mK for 240 mW of input pump power at 1025.5 nm) largely due to limited mode mixing. The octagonal cladding profile of the second fiber produced greater cooling, down to –1.3 K with 3 W. Fitting experimental results to a model showed good agreement with theory, and confirmed the high critical quenching concentration (N<sub>c</sub> = 3.2x10<sup>27</sup> Yb/m<sup>3</sup>), low absorptive background loss (40 dB/km), and good filling ratio (~38%) achieved in this second fiber. This study establishes that with straightforward improvement in mode filling, a cladding-pumped ZBLAN fiber can readily be cooled to ~10 K below room temperature at atmospheric pressure with only ~15 W of pump power.
Foundations of Automated Database Tuning (2005)

1. The Challenge of Total Cost of-Ownership Our society is more dependent on information systems than ever before. However, managing the information systems infrastructure in a cost-effective manner is a growing challenge. The total cost of ownership (TCO) of information technology is increasingly dominated by people costs. In fact, mistakes in operations and administration of information systems are the single most reasons for system outage and unacceptable performance. For information systems to provide value to their customers, we must reduce the complexity associated with their deployment and usage.
Cloning Claim Is Science Fiction, Not Science (2003)

Fantastic claims of births of cloned babies have recently been made in the media. In the absence of any evidence for these claims, this destructive hoax must end.

Suspicion is an appropriate reaction because Clonaid, the company making these claims, has not described any laboratory and clinical
The prostate clinical outlook (PCO) classifier for predicting biochemical recurrences in patients treated by stereotactic body radiation therapy. (2017)

e16552 Background: Although prostate cancer risk classifiers have been developed for predicting surgical and radiation therapy outcomes, a classifier suitable for predicting biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients undergoing stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) remains to be defined. SBRT is delivered in large fractions of highly conformal radiation therapy and such treatments are believed to be radiobiologically more effective in treating prostate cancers. The aim of this study is to develop a new classifier specifically for informing patients electing to undergo prostate cancer treatment with SBRT. Methods: We have studied outcomes of 809 patients treated with SBRT between August 2007 and November 2016 at MedStar-Georgetown University Hospital. A Cox regression to BCR was performed and the Prostate Clinical Outlook (PCO) score was calculated at diagnosis based on age at diagnosis, clinical-radiological staging, pre-treatment PSA and Gleason score. Accuracy of the PCO classifier was assessed with concordance (c)-indexes. The results were also compared to classifications by D’Amico and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recurrence risk groups. Results: PCO total scores range from zero to 156 points. The PCO classifier splits patients into 3 risk-groups with the following 5-year BCR-free survival: for low-risk 98%; for intermediate-risk 95%; for high-risk 86%. Our classifier outperforms D’Amico and NCCN for all of the evaluated end-points, with concordance indices of 74 % versus 64 % and 66%, respectively. Conclusions: The PCO classifier is a potential tool for employing readily available parameters to stratify prostate cancer patients and to predict probabilities of BCR after SBRT.
Effective band gap inhomogeneity and piezoelectric field in InGaN/GaN multiquantum well structures (1998)

The emission mechanisms of strained InxGa1−xN quantum wells (QWs) were shown to vary depending on the well thickness, L, and x. The absorption edge was modulated by the quantum confined Stark effect and quantum confined Franz-Keldysh effect (QCFK) for the wells, in which, for the first approximation, the product of the piezoelectric field, FPZ, and L exceed the valence band discontinuity, ΔEV. In this case, holes are confined in the triangular potential well formed at one side of the well producing the apparent Stokes-like shift. Under the condition that FPZ×L exceeds the conduction band discontinuity ΔEC, the electron-hole pair is confined at opposite sides of the well. The QCFK further modulated the emission energy for the wells with L greater than the three dimensional free exciton Bohr radius aB. On the other hand, effective in-plane localization of carriers in quantum disk size potential minima, which are produced by nonrandom alloy compositional fluctuation enhanced by the large bowing parameter and FPZ, produces a confined electron-hole pair whose wave functions are still overlapped (quantized excitons) provided that L&amp;lt;aB.
Fine-structure analyses of lipid-protein and protein-protein interactions of gag protein p19 of the avian sarcoma and leukemia viruses by cyanogen bromide mapping (1984)

In avian sarcoma and leukemia viruses, the gag protein p19 functions structurally as a matrix protein, connecting internal components with the viral envelope. We have used a combination of in situ cross-linking and peptide mapping to localize within p19 the regions responsible for two major interactions in this complex, p19 with lipid and p19 with p19. Lipid-protein cross-links were localized near the amino terminus within the first 35 amino acids of the polypeptide. Homotypic protein-protein disulfide bridges were found to originate from near the carboxy terminus of p19, from cysteine residues at amino acids 111 and 153. These results suggest that p19 is divided into domains with distinct functions. The peptide maps constructed for p19, and for the related proteins p23 in avian sarcoma and leukemia viruses and p19 beta in recombinant avian sarcoma viruses, should serve as useful tools for other types of studies involving these proteins.
Synthesis of 2,3-dimethoxy-5-iodobenzoic acid (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 2,3-dimethoxy-5-iodobenzoic acidEddy W. Yue, John M. Gerdes, and Chester A. MathisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 18, 5451–5456Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00018a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00018a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views482Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Autosomal Dominant Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type 1 (2006)

Autosomal dominant pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (adPHA1) is a rare condition that is characterized by renal resistance to aldosterone, with salt wasting, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. It is thought of as a mild disorder; affected children's symptoms respond promptly to salt therapy, and treatment is not required after childhood. Mutations in the mineralocorticoid receptor gene (MR) cause adPHA1, but the long-term consequences of MR deficiency in humans are not known. Herein are described six novel adPHA1-causing MR mutations (four de novo) and evidence that haploinsufficiency of MR is sufficient to cause adPHA1. Furthermore, genotype-phenotype correlation is reported in a large adPHA1 kindred. A number of cases of neonatal mortality in infants who were at risk for adPHA1 were identified; coupled with the frequent identification of de novo mutations in affected individuals, this suggests that the seemingly benign adPHA1 may have been a fatal neonatal disorder in previous eras, preventing propagation of disease alleles. In contrast, it is shown that adult patients with adPHA1 are clinically indistinguishable from their wild-type relatives except for presumably lifelong elevation of renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone levels. These data highlight the critical role of MR in the maintenance of salt homeostasis early in life and illuminate the sodium dependence of pathologic effects of renin and angiotensin II. They furthermore argue that nongenomic effects of aldosterone play no significant role in the long-term development of cardiovascular disease.
Research and Analysis on Production Safety Management of Power Enterprises (2018)

With the continuous improvement of China's economy, power enterprises are becoming more and more important in the process of economic construction. Safe production of power enterprises is the key to improving the level of power supply. Safety management is an important task in the development of power enterprises. It is also an effective way to improve the development level of power enterprises and improve the quality of power enterprises. During the production and operation process, power enterprises must actively strengthen the emphasis on safety production, solve problems existing in the traditional safety management process, and improve power supply stability. At the same time, in the power enterprise safety management process, a sound emergency management system should be established. When a power safety accident occurs, the fault problem can be solved in time according to the emergency plan to ensure the safety of power transmission. This paper analyzes and discusses the problems and countermeasures in the management of power enterprises, aiming to continuously innovate the concept of safe production of power enterprises.
Metabolic stress regulates cytoskeletal dynamics and metastasis of cancer cells (2013)

Metabolic reprogramming is an important driver of tumor progression; however, the metabolic regulators of tumor cell motility and metastasis are not understood. Here, we show that tumors maintain energy production under nutrient deprivation through the function of HSP90 chaperones compartmentalized in mitochondria. Using cancer cell lines, we found that mitochondrial HSP90 proteins, including tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein-1 (TRAP-1), dampen the activation of the nutrient-sensing AMPK and its substrate UNC-51-like kinase (ULK1), preserve cytoskeletal dynamics, and release the cell motility effector focal adhesion kinase (FAK) from inhibition by the autophagy initiator FIP200. In turn, this results in enhanced tumor cell invasion in low nutrients and metastatic dissemination to bone or liver in disease models in mice. Moreover, we found that phosphorylated ULK1 levels were correlated with shortened overall survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial HSP90 chaperones, including TRAP-1, overcome metabolic stress and promote tumor cell metastasis by limiting the activation of the nutrient sensor AMPK and preventing autophagy.
Summary report of the Standards, Options and Recommendations for the management of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (2000) (2003)

In France, primary lung cancer (all types combined) is the leading cause of cancer mortality in men, and the third in women, after breast and colorectal cancer. In 1995, lung cancer was responsible for 23.5% of cancer deaths in men and 6.4% in women. The incidence of lung cancer is higher in men than in women, and the mortality rate is nine times higher in men than in women. The lung cancer mortality rate is constantly increasing in France, particularly in the north of the country. The increase in incidence between 1975 and 1995 was more marked in women. In France, the 5-year survival rates (11.5% for men and 16% for women) are among the highest in Europe.
Physical Characteristics and Format of a Two-Inch-Diameter Magneto-Optical Disk System with 3 GB Capacity (2003)

Recording at a high density four times that of a current digital versatile disk random access memory (DVD-RAM) has been achieved by applying the domain wall displacement detection (DWDD) technology using a conventional optical head with the same wavelength of 660 nm and numerical aperture (NA) of 0.60 as those the DVD head. It has been confirmed by using an alternating sampled servo, laser annealing of the inter track area and partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) that a recording density of 15 Gbit/inch2 with a track pitch of 540 nm and bit length of 80 nm has sufficient system margins. A newly developed 1-bit-distributed address format has achieved a redundancy of 23%. Furthermore, the edge shift compensation technique has reduced the recording magnetic field. These indicate that a capacity of 3 GB on a two-inch-diameter disk is now available for mobile use. If applied to a digital video camera, one hour or more of moving-picture-experts-group-2 (MPEG2) video contents can be recorded at a bit rate of 6 Mbps.
Experimental and Computational Characterization of a Heat Sink Tester (2007)

With the continuing industry trends towards smaller, faster and higher power devices, thermal management continues to be extremely important in the development of electronics. In this era of high heat fluxes, air cooling still remains the primary cooling solution in desktops mainly due to its cost. The primary goal of a good thermal design is to ensure that the chip can function at its rated frequency or speed while maintaining the junction temperature within the specified limit. The first and foremost step in measurement of thermal resistance and hence thermal characterization is accurate determination of junction temperature. Use of heat sinks as a thermal solution is well documented in the literature. Previously, the liquid cooled cold plate tester was studied using a different approach and it was concluded that the uncertainty in heat transfer coefficient was within 8% with errors in appropriate parameters, this result was supported by detailed uncertainty analysis based on Monte-Carlo simulations. However, in that study the tester was tested computationally. In this paper, testing and characterization of a heat sink tester is presented. Heat sinks were tested according to JEDEC JESD 16.1 standard for forced convection. It was observed that the error between computational and experimental values of thermal resistances was 10% for the cases considered.
Treatment of Asthma in the Elderly: Questionnaire Survey in Japan (2017)

Introduction: The prevalence of asthma in the elderly has been increasing due to the aging of the global population. Appropriate treatment for asthma in the elderly is now a major issue, as the disease is often fatal and incurs high medical costs in the elderly population. There have been few recent reports on asthma treatment for the elderly in the real-world clinical settings. Objectives: This study was performed to assess how respiratory physicians manage asthma in elderly patients in clinical settings in Japan. Methods: Respiratory physicians in 16 Japanese hospitals responded to a questionnaire survey on asthma and COPD treatment between December 2014 and February 2015. The analysis was performed using data collected from medical records on 2041 asthma patients. Results: The mean patient age was 61.2 years, and 36.6% of the patients were men. In the breakdown by age, 1018 (49.9%) of the patients were elderly (≥ 65 years). Compared to the non-elderly, the elderly patients had a significantly lower BMI, greater smoking history in pack-years, and poorer pulmonary function. There were no significant differences between the elderly and non-elderly in the prescription rates of common medications such as inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta-agonists (LABA) administered via inhaler or transdermal patch, long-acting muscarinic antagonists, or leukotriene receptor antagonists. In contrast, mucoactive drugs (18.7% vs. 12.3%, P P P = 0.02). Conclusions: According to this survey, the prescription rates of mucoactive drugs, macrolides, and transdermal LABA were significantly higher in the elderly than in the non-elderly.
Very High Performance CMOS on Si(551) Using Radical Oxidation Technology and Accumulation-Mode SOI Device Structure (2010)

To reduce the surface roughness and improve the MOSFET's electric characteristics, we introduce the Si(551) surface to replace the Si(110) surface, which is very easy to roughen during the wafer cleaning processes. We experimentally demonstrate the clearly improved characteristics of being much easier to flatten on the Si(551) surface using the repeated radical oxidation technology and the strong resistance to the alkali solution for suppressing the increase in surface roughness during the wafer cleaning processes. Basic electrical characteristics of the MOSFET are improved as much by fabricating on Si(551) compared to those fabricated on the Si(110) surface. We also theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the MOSFET's performance has clearly been improved through the introduction of the accumulation-mode (AM) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure. Finally, a very high performance complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) has been successfully realized on the Si(551) surface by combining the radical oxidation silicon surface flattening technology and the AM device structure.
In vivo Manipulation of Dendritic Cell Migration and Activation to Elicit Antitumour Immunity (2004)

Two approaches have been pursued to elicit antitumour immunity: (i) induce recruitment of immature dendritic cells or their precursors at a site of antigen delivery, and (ii) induce activation of tumour-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs). The recruitment of selected DC subtype conditions the class of the immune response. Each immature DC population displays a unique spectrum of chemokine responsiveness. For examples, Langerhans cells (LCs) migrate selectively in response to CCL20/MIP-3alpha (through CCR6), blood CD11c+ DC to MCP chemokines (through CCR2). All these chemokines are inducible in response to inflammatory stimuli. CCL20/MIP-3alpha in particular is only detected within inflamed epithelium, at the site of antigen entry, which is infiltrated by immature DCs. Furthermore, to reach the site of injury, sequential responsiveness might operate, blood DC precursors are recruited by a set of chemokines (MIP, MCP) while within the tissue other chemokines will direct their navigation (CCL20/MIP-3alpha). Of interest, when injected in vivo together with antigen, MCP-4/CCL13, but not CCL20/MIP-3alpha, recruits blood monocytes or blood DC precursors that promptly differentiate into typical DCs and that improve antitumour immune responses. After antigen uptake, DCs acquire, upon maturation, responsiveness to CCR7 ligands (CCL21/SLC/6Ckine, CCL19/ELC/MIP-3beta) due to receptor up-regulation. In particular, in the periphery, CCL21/SLC/6Ckine expressed by lymphatic vessels may direct into the lymph stream, antigen-loaded maturing DCs leaving the site of infection; while within lymph-node, CCL21/SLC/6Ckine plays a critical role in the entry of naïve T cells from the blood through HEV. In regard to its central role, we decided to investigate whether the expression of CCL21/SLC/6Ckine in tumour may lead to antitumour immune responses. C26 colon carcinoma tumour cell line transduced with CCL21/SLC/6Ckine showed reduced tumorigenicity when injected in vivo into immunocompetent mice. The protection was CD8 dependent and associated with an important intratumoral infiltration of DCs. Most tumour infiltrating DCs (TIDCs) had an immature phenotype, were able to present TAA in the context of MHC class I, but were refractory to stimulation with the combination of LPS, IFNgamma and anti-CD40 antibody. TIDC paralysis could be reverted, however, by in vitro or in vivo stimulation with the combination of a CpG immunostimulatory sequence and an anti-interleukin 10 receptor (IL10R) antibody. CpG or anti-IL10R alone were inactive in TIDC, while CpG triggered activation in normal DC. In particular, CpG plus anti-IL10R enhanced the TAA-specific immune response and triggered de novo IL-12 production. Subsequently, CpG plus anti-IL10R treatment showed robust antitumour therapeutic activity exceeding by far that of CpG alone, and elicited antitumour immune memory.