gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localized in vivo 1 H NMR detection of neurotransmitter labeling in rat brain during infusion of [1‐ 13 C] D‐glucose (1999)

Resolved localized nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of 1H bound to 13C label in the carbon positions of glutamate C4, C3 and glutamine C4, C3, as well as in aspartate C3, lactate C3, alanine C3, gamma-aminobutyric acid C3, and glucose C1 were simultaneously observed in spectra obtained from rat brain in vivo. Time-resolved label incorporation was measured with a new adiabatic carbon editing and decoupling (ACED) single-voxel stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence. Adiabatic carbon broadband decoupling of 12 kHz bandwidth was achieved in vivo, which decoupled the entire 13C spectrum at 9.4 T. Resonances from N-acetyl-aspartate and creatine were also detected, consistent with natural-abundance 13C levels. These results emphasize the potential of 1H NMR for following complex biochemical pathways in localized areas of resting rat brain as well as during focal activation using infusions of 13C-labeled glucose.
Puremeap -- a mobile enterprise application platform (2013)

Mobile enterprise applications are the next evolutionary step when combining the usage of enterprise applications and the widespread adoption of mobile computing by professionals in any organization. In a reality where applications are accessed from the user's personal mobile device (a phenomenon called "bring your own device" -- BYOD), enterprises face various challenges in order to properly leverage new opportunities without compromising data integrity. One approach to handle these challenges is to devise a platform that allows the creation and consumption of enterprise applications, without exposing the users and the organization to risks that are part of this new usage model. Here we describe some of the constraints, trade-offs and design decisions that compose the software architecture of a mobile enterprise application platform, one that allows the creation, deployment and management of hybrid mobile applications, all in a BYOD usage model without compromising the organizational security policies.
FRACTURE PATTERNS AROUND A CEMENTLESS ANATOMIC STEM AND RISK FACTORS FOR PERIPROSTHETIC FRACTURE (2005)

Introduction and Aims: Periprosthetic fracture is a serious complication of increasing incidence in joint replacement. Our aim was to evaluate periprosthetic fracture patterns in our series of 1152 primary hip arthroplasties using a cementless proximally hydroxyapatie coated anatomic stem and to identify risk factors from parameters measured in our assessment of these patients. Method: All patients with periprosthetic fracture following primary total hip arthroplasty using the Anatomique Benoist Girard I (ABG I) hip system were identified. Parameters studied included time of fracture after surgery, patient age and fracture classification. The pre-operative cortical index in the fracture group was measured and compared with a group matched for age, gender, diagnosis, and body mass index. 1152 ABG I primary hip arthroplasties were performed in 1037 patients from 1991–1997. Osteoarthritis was diagnosed in 93% of cases. The average age was 65 years; there were 536 females and 501 males. Mean follow-up was 79.6 months. Results: Thirty-two patients, 16 male and 16 female, suffered a periprosthetic fracture. Thirty-one patients were treated for osteoarthritis and one for a femoral neck fracture. We retrieved complete records on 28 patients. The average age of the fracture group was 73 years, compared to 65 years for the whole series (p Distinct fractures patterns were related to time from initial surgery. Four fractures occurred within three months of surgery; these early fractures exhibited a particular pattern. The remaining 24 occurred between four and 114 months after surgery. These late fractures exhibited a different but consistent fracture pattern. Two fractures in the early group were identified immediately post-operatively. All others presented after minor low energy trauma. The mean cortical index in the fracture group was 47% and in the matched group 51%. If the pre-operative cortical index is below 50%, the risk of periprosthetic fracture is 4.75 greater (odds ratio 4.75 CI 1.5–15.00). All fractures were adequately classified and managed by guidelines in the Vancouver classification. Conclusion: This study identified distinct fracture patterns related to time from surgery. Cortical index and age have predictive value in pre-operative assessment of fracture risk: cortical index below 50 and age above 70 are risk factors for periprosthetic fracture and should be considered with other parameters to minimise risk of this complication.
Ruxolitinib and exemestane for estrogen receptor positive, aromatase inhibitor resistant advanced breast cancer (2022)

Circulating IL-6, an activator of JAK/STAT signaling, is associated with poor prognosis and aromatase inhibitor (AI) resistance in hormone-receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer. Here we report the results of a phase 2 single-arm Simon 2-stage trial combining Ruxolitinib, an oral selective inhibitor of JAK1/2, with exemestane, a steroidal AI, in patients with HR+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) after progression on non-steroidal AI (NSAI). Safety and efficacy were primary objectives, and analysis of inflammatory markers as predictors of response was a key secondary objective. Twenty-five subjects enrolled. The combination of ruxolitinib and exemestane was safe, though anemia requiring transfusion in 5/15 (33%) at the 25 mg dose in stage 1 led to a reduction to 15 mg twice daily in stage 2 (with no additional transfusions). Clinical benefit rate (CBR) in the overall study population was 24% (95% CI 9.4-45.1); 6/25 patients demonstrated stable disease for ≥6 months. Median progression-free survival was 2.8 months (95% CI 2.6-3.9). Exploratory biomarkers revealed high levels of systemic inflammation and 60% harbored a high-risk IL-6 genotype. Pharmacodynamics demonstrated modest on-target inhibition of phosphorylated-STAT3 by ruxolitinib at a tolerable dose. Thus, ruxolitinib combined with exemestane at a tolerable dose was safe but minimally active in AI-resistant tumors of patients with high levels of systemic inflammation. These findings highlight the need for more potent and specific therapies targeting inflammation in MBC.
CT radiomic signature predicts survival and chemotherapy benefit in stage I and II HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma (2023)

Chemoradiation is a common therapeutic regimen for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). However, not all patients benefit from chemotherapy, especially patients with low-risk characteristics. We aim to develop and validate a prognostic and predictive radiomic image signature (pRiS) to inform survival and chemotherapy benefit using computed tomography (CT) scans from 491 stage I and II HPV-associated OPSCC, which were divided into three cohorts D<sub>1</sub>-D<sub>3</sub>. The prognostic performance of pRiS was evaluated on two test sets (D<sub>2</sub>, n = 162; D<sub>3</sub>, n = 269) using concordance index. Patients from D<sub>2</sub> and D<sub>3</sub> who received either radiotherapy alone or chemoradiation were used to validate pRiS as predictive of added benefit of chemotherapy. Seven features were selected to construct pRiS, which was found to be prognostic of overall survival (OS) on univariate analysis in D<sub>2</sub> (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-4.16, p = 0.02) and D<sub>3</sub> (HR = 2.74, 95% CI, 1.34-5.62, p = 0.006). Chemotherapy was associated with improved OS for high-pRiS patients in D<sub>2</sub> (radiation vs chemoradiation, HR = 4.47, 95% CI, 1.73-11.6, p = 0.002) and D<sub>3</sub> (radiation vs chemoradiation, HR = 2.99, 95% CI, 1.04-8.63, p = 0.04). In contrast, chemotherapy did not improve OS for low-pRiS patients, which indicates these patients did not derive additional benefit from chemotherapy and could be considered for treatment de-escalation. The proposed radiomic signature was prognostic of patient survival and informed benefit from chemotherapy for stage I and II HPV-associated OPSCC patients.
Modeling the operating voltage of liquid metal battery cells (2014)

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2014.
Breakdown processes in metal halide lamps (2002)

Metal halide lamps typically have cold fills of tens to a few hundred Torr of a rare gas and the vapour from the dosing of a metal halide solid and mercury. Breakdown and starting of the lamp occurs following application of multi-kV pulses across electrodes separated by a few centimetres. Restarting of warm lamps is often problematic as the available voltage is insufficient to break down the higher pressure (>many atm) of metal halide vapour. In this paper, fundamental processes during breakdown in cold and warm, idealized metal halide lamps in mixtures of Ar and Hg are investigated using a two-dimensional fluid model for plasma transport. We find that the capacitances of the walls of the discharge tube and adjacent ground planes are important in determining the breakdown voltage and avalanche characteristics. The prompt capacitance represented by, for example, external trigger wires provides a larger E/N to sustain ionization early in the avalanche. This effect is lost as the walls charge and shield the plasma from the ground planes. More rapid breakdown occurs in slightly warm lamps having small vapour pressures of Hg due to the resulting Penning mixture. Warmer lamps, having larger mole fractions of Hg, have less efficient breakdown as the increase in momentum transfer of the electrons is not offset by the additional ionization sources of the Penning mixture.
Tactile Grasp Refinement using Deep Reinforcement Learning and Analytic Grasp Stability Metrics. (2021)

Reward functions are at the heart of every reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm. In robotic grasping, rewards are often complex and manually engineered functions that do not rely on well-justified physical models from grasp analysis. This work demonstrates that analytic grasp stability metrics constitute powerful optimization objectives for RL algorithms that refine grasps on a three-fingered hand using only tactile and joint position information. We outperform a binary-reward baseline by 42.9% and find that a combination of geometric and force-agnostic grasp stability metrics yields the highest average success rates of 95.4% for cuboids, 93.1% for cylinders, and 62.3% for spheres across wrist position errors between 0 and 7 centimeters and rotational errors between 0 and 14 degrees. In a second experiment, we show that grasp refinement algorithms trained with contact feedback (contact positions, normals, and forces) perform up to 6.6% better than a baseline that receives no tactile information.
Thermo‐Responsive Hydrogels Based on Branched Poly(L‐lactide)‐poly(ethylene glycol) Copolymers (2008)

Abstract Summary: Branched poly( L ‐lactide)‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PLLA‐PEG) block copolymers were synthesized from trifunctional PLLA and amine functionalized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)s. The copolymers in water formed hydrogels that showed thermo‐responsive behavior. The hydrogels underwent a gel to sol transition with increasing temperature as determined with the vial tilting method and oscillatory rheology. For all copolymers, the transition temperature increased with increasing copolymer concentration. The transition temperature of corresponding branched copolymers also increased with increasing PEG molecular weight, and surprisingly decreased with increasing molecular weight of the PLLA branches. In general, the gel‐sol transition is explained by disruption of micellar or aggregate interactions because of partial dehydration and shrinkage of the PEG chains. An increase in the molecular weight of the PLLA branches led to the formation of micelles and aggregates as observed with DLS at low concentrations. It is speculated that the non‐uniform size distribution and possible crystallization of longer PLLA blocks may have a negative effect on the formation of micellar packing upon gelation, allowing the disruption of micellar or aggregate interactions to occur at lower temperatures. The transition temperature of the gels could be tuned closely to body temperature by varying the concentration of the solution or the molecular weight of the PEG block and the PLLA blocks, which implies that these polymers may be used as injectable systems for in‐situ gel formation.
Figure S4 from Inhibiting ERK5 Overcomes Breast Cancer Resistance to Anti-HER2 Therapy By Targeting the G<sub>1</sub>–S Cell-Cycle Transition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Both, sensitive and resistant HER2+ breast cancer cell lines exhibit impaired AKT phosphorylation following lapatinib treatment and increased ERK5 hyperphosphorylation following incubation with trametinib or PD0325901.&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of Heptanol on the Short Circuit Currents of Cornea and Ciliary Body Demonstrates Rate Limiting Role of Heterocellular Gap Junctions in Active Ciliary Body Transport (1997)

Rabbit ciliary body and cornea were mounted in Ussing-type chambers in Tyrode's under voltage clamp and the effects of heptanol, a gap junction inhibitor, on the short circuit current generated by each of the respective epithelia were determined. Studies were carried out either in control conditions or following amphotericin B permeabilization of either the basolateral membrane of the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body or the apical membrane of the corneal epithelium, respectively. Previous studies have shown that, following these permeabilizations, short circuit currents are established, reflecting aqueous (or tear)-to-serosa Na+ fluxes, and that Na+ translocation through gap junctions connecting the individual layers of these tissues constitutes the major rate limiting step. Heptanol inhibited most of the short circuit current of the amphotericin B-modified ciliary body and cornea and of the unmodified ciliary body epithelium (control). In all these cases, the apparent IC50 was about 0.8 M. In the unmodified corneal epithelium, where ion translocation across the apical membrane constitutes the main rate limiting step for active secretion, 0.4 or 0.8 mM heptanol induced short circuit current increases; partial inhibition was observed only at high concentrations known to cause maximal inhibition of junctional permeability. Heptanol also enhanced the volume regulatory decrease of cultured human NPE cells, a process dependent on cell swelling-induced stimulation of Cl- and K+ permeabilities. Combined with our previous results demonstrating the lack of heptanol effects on other epithelial functions, these data suggest that the effect of heptanol on the active ciliary body transepithelial transport is primarily due to inhibition of the nonpigmented-pigmented junctional path and that this path is a potential site of rate limitation for the secretory process.
Effects of Deposition Models on Deposition and Performance Deterioration in Axial Compressor Cascade (2005)

A new particle deposition model, namely partial deposition model, is developed in order to improve the accuracy of prediction to particle deposition. Concepts of critical velocity and critical angle are proposed and used to determine whether particles are deposited or not. The comparison of numerical results calculated by partial deposition model and existing deposition model shows that the deposition distribution obtained by partial deposition model is more reasonable. Based on the predicted deposition results, the change of total pressure loss coefficient with operating time and the distribution of pressure coefficients on blade surface after 500 hours are predicted by using partial deposition model.
Data from VEGF Potentiates GD3-Mediated Immunosuppression by Human Ovarian Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Natural killer T (NKT) cells are important mediators of antitumor immune responses. We have previously shown that ovarian cancers shed the ganglioside GD3, which inhibits NKT-cell activation. Ovarian cancers also secrete high levels of VEGF. In this study, we sought to test the hypothesis that VEGF production by ovarian cancers suppresses NKT-cell–mediated antitumor responses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; To investigate the effects of VEGF on CD1d-mediated NKT-cell activation, a conditioned media model was established, wherein the supernatants from ovarian cancer cell lines (OV-CAR-3 and SK-OV-3) were used to treat CD1d-expressing antigen-presenting cells (APC) and cocultured with NKT hybridomas. Ovarian cancer–associated VEGF was inhibited by treatment with bevacizumab and genistein; conditioned medium was collected, and CD1d-mediated NKT-cell responses were assayed by ELISA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Ovarian cancer tissue and ascites contain lymphocytic infiltrates, suggesting that immune cells traffic to tumors, but are then inhibited by immunosuppressive molecules within the tumor microenvironment. OV-CAR-3 and SK-OV-3 cell lines produce high levels of VEGF and GD3. Pretreatment of APCs with ascites or conditioned medium from OV-CAR-3 and SK-OV-3 blocked CD1d-mediated NKT-cell activation. Inhibition of VEGF resulted in a concomitant reduction in GD3 levels and restoration of NKT-cell responses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; We found that VEGF inhibition restores NKT-cell function in an &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; ovarian cancer model. These studies suggest that the combination of immune modulation with antiangiogenic treatment has therapeutic potential in ovarian cancer. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4249–58. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Remote Deprotometalation-Iodolysis of N,N-Diisopropyl-2-trimethylsilylferrocenecarboxamide: A New Route Toward 1,1′-Disubstituted Ferrocenes (2020)

The 1,1′-disubstitution is currently the most frequent substitution pattern encountered in the ferrocene series. Here an original access based on the remote deprotometalation of N,N-diisopropyl-2-trimethylsilylferrocenecarboxamide is reported. The key intermediate, 1′-iodo-N,N-diisopropylferrocenecarboxamide, was prepared in multiple grams and was further functionalized toward fifteen 1′-substituted iodoferrocenes.
Holographic Crosstalk and Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Orthogonal Data Storage (1992)

Abstract : The holographic crosstalk and signal-to-noise ratio in orthogonal data storage were investigated by storing both plane holograms and high resolution holograms in a photorefractive crystal. These results were then used to predict the storage capacities of various photorefractive crystals using the orthogonal data storage technique. Orthogonal data storage; Holographic crosstalk and signal-to-noise ratio.
A Novel Technique for Fiber-Matrix Bond Strength Determination for Rupturing Fibers (1995)

Peer Reviewed
Jack Watson (2019)

Cheating has always been a problem for academic institutions, but the internet has increased access to a form of academic dishonesty known as contract cheating, or "homework for hire." When students purchase work online and submit it as their own, it cannot be detected by commonly-used plagiarism detection tools, and this troubling form of cheating seems to be increasing.
Supplementary Figure S22 from Evolution of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in ctDNA during Sequential Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S22 shows treatment-associated changes in androgen receptor (AR) ligand binding domain mutations&lt;/p&gt;
The Role of Staufen1 in Aberrant RNA Metabolism in SCA2 (P6.396) (2016)

Objective: Tight control of RNA metabolism is fundamental for eukaryotic cells and deregulation of RNA processing by alteration of RNA-binding proteins contributes to numerous human diseases. To understand SCA2 pathogenesis, we seek to purify ATXN2 protein complex using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry and their roles in RNA metabolism. Background: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is an autosomal dominant disorder with progressive degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells caused by expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in ataxin-2 (ATXN2). Assembly of RNA-binding proteins with mutant ATXN2 in stable inclusions might result in aberrant RNA processing in SCA2 disease. Design/Methods: We used immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify ATXN2 interacting protein complex. Study of Staufen1 function in mouse models and human patient. Results: We demonstrate that the RNA-binding protein Staufen1 (STAU1) aggregates with mutant ATXN2 in the cytoplasm of SCA2-derived fibroblasts and is markedly increased in SCA2- lymphoblastoid B (LB) or skin fibroblast cells and SCA2 mouse models. Elevated Staufen1 levels can be recapitulated upon mutant ATXN2 expression and increased Staufen1 levels in human cell culture independently induces aberrant PCP2 RNA processing in a manner that duplicates the defects observed in SCA2. RNA immunoprecipitation studies revealed interaction of STAU1 with PCP2 mRNA and in vitro Northwestern blot assay demonstrated direct interaction between STAU1 and PCP2 mRNA. In SCA2-LB cells, siRNA-mediated depletion of STAU1 contributes to partial rescue of the PCP2 mRNA processing defect. Conclusions: Our results unravel a novel function for Staufen1 in aberrant RNA processing events and indicate its role in SCA2 pathogenesis. Our results further support a role for aberrant RNA metabolism in neurodegeneration thereby revealing its potential as a therapeutic target. Study Supported by: This work was supported by Grants RO1NS33123 and RC4NS073009 from the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke to SMP.
Quantenoptik (2011)

Mit diesem Kapitel vertiefen wir die Beschreibung von Licht im Teilchenbild, wir werden uns also mit Lichtquanten oder Photonen befassen. Im vorangegangenen Kapitel hatten wir gesehen, dass Elektronen beim Übergang von einem höheren zu einem geringeren Energieniveau Lichtquanten mit der Energie E = hν aussenden. Wir hatten das für ein einzelnes Wasserstoffatom ausführlicher betrachtet, es gilt aber auch für Bandübergänge vom Leitungsband ins Valenzband.