gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Samarium Grignard Reaction. In situ Formation and Reactions of Primary and Secondary Alkylsamarium(III) Reagents. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies at 270 MHz of Alternating and Random Poly(benzyl D,L-glutamates) (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies at 270 MHz of Alternating and Random Poly(benzyl D,L-glutamates)F. Heitz, P. D. Cary, and C. Crane-RobinsonCite this: Macromolecules 1975, 8, 6, 745–750Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60048a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60048a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selective pharmacological blockade of the 5-HT7 receptor attenuates light and 8-OH-DPAT induced phase shifts of mouse circadian wheel running activity (2015)

Recent reports have illustrated a reciprocal relationship between circadian rhythm disruption and mood disorders. The 5-HT7 receptor may provide a crucial link between the two sides of this equation since the receptor plays a critical role in sleep, depression, and circadian rhythm regulation. To further define the role of the 5-HT7 receptor as a potential pharmacotherapy to correct circadian rhythm disruptions, the current study utilized the selective 5-HT7 antagonist JNJ-18038683 (10 mg/kg) in three different circadian paradigms. While JNJ-18038683 was ineffective at phase shifting the onset of wheel running activity in mice when administered at different circadian time (CT) points across the circadian cycle, pretreatment with JNJ-18038683 blocked non-photic phase advance (CT6) induced by the 5-HT1A/7 receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (3 mg/kg). Since light induced phase shifts in mammals are partially mediated via the modulation of the serotonergic system, we determined if JNJ-18038683 altered phase shifts induced by a light pulse at times known to phase delay (CT15) or advance (CT22) wheel running activity in free running mice. Light exposure resulted in a robust shift in the onset of activity in vehicle treated animals at both times tested. Administration of JNJ-18038683 significantly attenuated the light induced phase delay and completely blocked the phase advance. The current study demonstrates that pharmacological blockade of the 5-HT7 receptor by JNJ-18038683 blunts both non-photic and photic phase shifts of circadian wheel running activity in mice. These findings highlight the importance of the 5-HT7 receptor in modulating circadian rhythms. Due to the opposite modulating effects of light resetting between diurnal and nocturnal species, pharmacotherapy targeting the 5-HT7 receptor in conjunction with bright light therapy may prove therapeutically beneficial by correcting the desynchronization of internal rhythms observed in depressed individuals.
RADx Variant Task Force Program for Assessing the Impact of Variants on SARS-CoV-2 Molecular and Antigen Tests (2021)

<i>Goal:</i> Monitoring the genetic diversity and emerging mutations of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for understanding the evolution of the virus and assuring the performance of diagnostic tests, vaccines, and therapies against COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is still adapting to humans and, as illustrated by B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and B.1.617.2 (Delta), lineage dynamics are fluid, and strain prevalence may change radically in a matter of months. The National Institutes of Health's Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics (RADx<sup>SM</sup>) initiative created a Variant Task Force to assess the impact of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants on <i>in vitro</i> diagnostic testing. Working in tandem with clinical laboratories, the FDA, and the CDC, the Variant Task Force uses both <i>in silico</i> modeling and <i>in vitro</i> testing to determine the effect of SARS-CoV-2 mutations on diagnostic molecular and antigen tests. Here, we offer an overview of the approach and activities of the RADx Variant Task Force to ensure test performance against emerging SARS-CoV-2 lineages.
Advanced Direct-Polishing Process Development of Non-Porous Ultralow-kDielectric Fluorocarbon with Plasma Treatment on Cu Interconnects (2012)

A direct-polishing process was applied to the ultralow-k dielectric without a dielectric protective layer to reduce the effective dielectric constant in damascene interconnects. The direct-polishing process on organic non-porous ultralow-k dielectric, fluorocarbon (k = 2.2), was demonstrated and an optimum direct-polishing process condition was investigated. Mechanically enhanced chemical reaction on the fluorocarbon degraded the electrical properties by changing the structure of the fluorocarbon. Higher down–pressure, one of the most important factors in mechanical effects, resulted in both higher leakage current and a variance of the structure of th fluorocarbon. A surface nitrogen plasma treatment of fluorocarbon before polishing to form an effective protective layer was applied to avoid the degradation of electrical characteristics during the direct-polish, and this result revealed that the surface nitrogen plasma treatment of fluorocarbon is a practical technique for a direct-polishing process in advanced Cu interconnects.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Diels‐Alder Reactions on Pyranose‐Trienes (I), (III). Stereoselective Access to Bisannulated Pyranosides (II), (IV). (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On-Engine Study of the Thermal and Performance Impacts of a Variable Displacement Oil Pump (2012)

Variable displacement lubricant pumps allow oil flow to be matched to engine requirements over the whole operating range, reducing energy losses through excessive pumping work. An experimental investigation has been performed on-engine to understand the effects of such devices. Significant instrumentation was fitted to the production, EURO IV specification, 2.4L Diesel engine to assess the impacts of lubricant flow on thermal state. The reduced oil flow was measured as a reduction in engine oil pressure with the production pump supplying 4–6bar whereas the variable flow device provided pressures as low as 1–2bar. The reduction in oil flow significantly reduced the oil pump energy consumption, measured as a change in indicated work, resulting in a 4% benefit in fuel economy over both hot and cold start NEDC. The reduced oil flow also impacted oil and metal temperatures: during engine warm-up, oil temperatures were approximately 4°C colder with the lower flow as a result of less work input from the oil pump. Conversely, cylinder liner temperatures were 2–6°C hotter both during warm-up and fully warm conditions as a result of reduced piston cooling from piston cooling jets. The changes in thermal state were reflected by changes in emissions with a 3% increase in NOx and a 3–5% reduction in HC and CO. The calibration of the variable flow device follows a fuel consumption/NOx trade-off that is more favourable to fuel economy than conventional control parameters. However, these benefits are strongly linked to engine duty cycle with larger benefits at higher engine speeds.
FACILE REDUCTION OF ORGANIC HALIDES AND PHOSPHINE OXIDES WITH LiAlH4–CeCl3 (1985)

Abstract A new reagent system, LiAlH4–CeCl3, exhibits powerful and characteristic reducing ability. Organic halides including fluorine compounds are smoothly dehalogenated with this reagent. Phosphine oxides are also reduced to phosphines in excellent yields.
The contribution of computational lexicography (1993)

This chapter presents an operational definition of computational lexicography, which is emerging as a discipline in its own right. In the context of one of its primary goals – facilitation of (semi-)automatic construction of lexical knowledge bases (aka computational lexicons) by extracting lexical data from on-line dictionaries – the concerns of dictionary analysis are related to those of lexical semantics. The chapter argues for a particular paradigm of lexicon construction, which relies crucially on having flexible access to fine-grained structural analyses of multiple dictionary sources. To this end, several related issues in computational lexicography are discussed in some detail.
New horizons (1999)

p53 gene mutations appear in numerous human cancers and are associated with anumber of cellular mechanism changes including a lack of apoptosis. Repeated intratumoral injection of the adenoviral p53 vector (Ad5CMV-p53) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck cancer is feasible and well tolerated. Treatment results in expression of the p53 transgene and evidence of increased apoptosis. Dose-related antitumor activity has been seen in phase I trials in both lung and head and neck cancer. Transgene expression appears to occur even in patients who mount an immune response to the adenoviral vector. The evidence to date indicates that gene transfer can occur without contamination of health care workers by the vector. There is preliminary clinical evidence suggesting that the in vivo synergy seen between Ad5CMV-p53 and cisplatin may also occur in patients. Phase II trials are justified and have been started.
Oxidation behaviour and strength degradation of a Yb2O3−SiO2−doped hot-pressed silicon nitride between 1200 and 1500°C (2002)

Abstract The oxidation behaviour and strength degradation of a Yb2O3−SiO2−doped hot-pressed silicon nitride ceramic were investigated in air for up to 100 h at temperatures between 1200 and 1500°C. The parabolic weight gain versus oxidation time was measured. The oxidation products consisted of Yb2Si2O7 and SiO2 (α-cristobalite). The apparent oxidation activation energy Q was determined to be approximately 285kJ mol−1. The high oxidation resistance observed was attributed to the raised refractoriness of the grain-boundary phase and the minimization of the amorphous phase by extensive devitrification during the sintering process. After oxidation, it was found that the room-temperature flexural strength of the material degraded and this degradation occurred during the early stage of oxidation. The decrease in the flexural strength was associated with the formation and coarsening of defects at and/or near the interface between the oxide layer and the Si3N4 bulk.
Fast Bit Screening of Automotive Grade EEPROMs—Continuous Improvement Exercise (2016)

This paper presents the optimization of an existing electrically eraseable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) production test flow by means of thorough analysis of the faulty dice and the test flow, which leads to an increase in the yield, a significant decrease in test time, and a decrease in the dppm (increase in quality) level leaving the factory. In order to manufacture high quality and cost-effective EEPROMs suitable for automotive underhood applications, several topics must be taken into account. In addition to a high reliability EEPROM technology, the choice of an advanced memory architecture including error correction code and a highly sophisticated screening methodology in production test is necessary to achieve high quality in the field. The EEPROM production test flow must not only be able to screen out weaknesses in the process but must also be cost efficient. A majority of the tests executed in the EEPROM test flow are needed to check the quality of the processed oxides, which are the basic elements to realize the EEPROM function of the memory. Most of these tests are complex and time-consuming.
Development of the integrated environmental control model: Performance model for the NOXSO process. Quarterly progress report (1995)

In its current configuration, the IECM provides a capability to model various conventional and advanced processes for controlling air pollutant emissions from coal-fired power plants before, during, or after combustion. The principal purpose of the model is to calculate the performance, emissions, and cost of power plant configurations employing alternative environmental control methods. The model consists of various control technology modules, which may be integrated into a complete utility plant in any desired combination. In contrast to conventional deterministic models, the IECM offers the unique capability to assign probabilistic values to all model input parameters, and to obtain probabilistic outputs in the form of cumulative distribution functions indicating the likelihood of different costs and performance results. The most recent version of the IECM, implemented on a MacIntosh II computer, was delivered to DOE/PETC at the end of the last contract in May 1991. The current contract will continue the model development effort to provide DOE/PETC with improved model capabilities, including new software developments to facilitate model use and new technical capabilities for analysis of environmental control technologies. Integrated environmental control systems involving pre-combustion, combustion, and post-combustion control methods will be considered. Phase I involves developing the existing modules of the IECM. Phase II deals with creating new technology modules, linking the IECM with PETC databases, and training PETC personnel on the use of the updated models. The present report summarizes recent progress on the Phase I effort during the period January 1 - March 31, 1995. A preliminary summary is given of the new performance model developed for the NOXSO process. The performance model is developed from first principles and parametrized based on experimental data from pilot plants.
Elicitation of stakeholder insights to military platform current and future sustainment challenges (2019)

This paper describes the findings from a recent Defence stakeholder engagement that aimed to explore current and future issues for sustainment of military platforms that could benefit from innovations in advanced sensors or data analytics. The elicitation sought information from an initial questionnaire followed by a workshop, and engaged stakeholders across the defence sustainment enterprise in order to capture as wide a pool of perspectives as possible. The elicitation was facilitated to provide information and insights at the platform, fleet, and force levels of the sustainment enterprise of military platforms. The stakeholder engagement provided a unique insight to current sustainment challenges, and generated ideas that can be further explored as potential areas of benefit from research and applications including into advanced sensors and data analytics.
Low Power Consumption Technology for Ultra-High Resolution Mobile Display by Using RGBW System (2013)

Battery life and outdoor visibility are two of the most important features for mobile applications today. It is desirable to achieve both low power consumption and excellent outdoor visibility on the display device at the same time. We have previously reported a new RGBW method to realize low power consumption and high luminance with high image quality. In this paper, the basic concept of a new RGBW calculation utilizing an “Extended HSV color space” model is described, and also its performance, such as low power consumption, color image reproducibility and outdoor visibility is presented. The new method focuses on the luminance-increase ratio by means of a White signal for the display image data, and derives the appropriate RGBW signal and backlight PWM signal for every frame period. This dynamically controlled system solves the problems of conventional RGBW systems, and realizes the same image quality as a corresponding RGB display. In order to quantify its color image reproducibility, a spectroscopic measurement has been completed using the Macbeth Color Chart. In addition, the advantages of high luminance by the new RGBW method is described. The converted tone curve with an RGBW method provides very high luminance, such as 1,000cd/m2, and improved outdoor visibility. Finally, a newly developed 4.38-inch full-HD (1,080 × 1,920) 503ppi prototype LCD utilizing this new RGBW technology is described.
Advanced flexible electronics: challenges and opportunities (2014)

Thin, lightweight and flexible electronics are being regarded as an important evolutionary step in the development of novel technological products. Interestingly, this trend has emerged in a wide range of industries; from microelectronics to photovoltaics and even solid state lighting. Historically, most attempts to enable flexibility have focused on the introduction of new material systems that, so far, severely compromise the performance compared to state-of-the-art products. The few approaches that do attempt to render contemporary high-performance materials flexible rely on layer transfer techniques that are complicated, expensive and material-specific. In this paper, we review a method of removing surface layers from brittle substrates called Controlled Spalling Technology that allows one to simple peel material or device layers from their host substrate <i>after</i> they have been fabricated. This allows one to fabricate high-performance electronic products in a manner of their choosing, and make them flexible afterwards. This technique is simple, inexpensive and largely independent of substrate material or size. We demonstrate the power and generality of Controlled Spalling by application to a number of disparate applications including high-performance integrated circuits, high-efficiency photovoltaics and GaN-based solid state lighting.
Vector quantization of images with the ECMPNN algorithm (2002)

This paper presents an entropy-constrained version of the modified pairwise nearest neighbor (MPNN) algorithm for the design of efficient vector quantizers. We called this new algorithm entropy-constrained modified pairwise nearest neighbor (ECMPNN).
Protein Cross-Linking Analysis Using Mass Spectrometry, Isotope-Coded Cross-Linkers, and Integrated Computational Data Processing (2006)

Distance constraints in proteins and protein complexes provide invaluable information for calculation of 3D structures, identification of protein binding partners and localization of protein-protein contact sites. We have developed an integrative approach to identify and characterize such sites through the analysis of proteolytic products derived from proteins chemically cross-linked by isotopically coded cross-linkers using LC-MALDI tandem mass spectrometry and computer software. This method is specifically tailored toward the rapid analysis of low microgram amounts of proteins or multimeric protein complexes cross-linked with nonlabeled and deuterium-labeled bis-NHS ester cross-linking reagents (both commercially available and readily synthesized). Through labeling with [18O]water solvent and LC-MALDI analysis, the method further allows the possible distinction between Type 0 and Type 1 or Type 2 modified peptides (monolinks and looplinks or cross-links), although such a distinction is more readily made from analysis of tandem mass spectrometry data. When applied to the bacterial Colicin E7 DNAse/Im7 heterodimeric protein complex, 23 cross-links were identified including six intersubunit cross-links, all between residues that are close in space when examined in the context of the X-ray structure of the heterodimer. In addition, cross-links were successfully identified in five single subunit proteins, beta-lactoglobulin, cytochrome c, lysozyme, myoglobin, and ribonuclease A, establishing the generality of the approach.
Toward dental caries: Exploring nanoparticle-based platforms and calcium phosphate compounds for dental restorative materials (2018)

Millions of people worldwide suffer from a toothache due to tooth cavity, and often permanent tooth loss. Dental caries, also known as tooth decay, is a biofilm-dependent infectious disease that damages teeth by minerals loss and presents a high incidence of clinical restorative polymeric fillings (tooth colored fillings). Until now, restorative polymeric fillings present no bioactivity. The complexity of oral biofilms contributes to the difficulty in developing effective novel dental materials. Nanotechnology has been explored in the development of bioactive dental materials to reduce or modulate the activities of caries-related bacteria. Nano-structured platforms based on calcium phosphate and metallic particles have advanced to impart an anti-caries potential to restorative materials. The bioactivity of these platforms induces prevention of mineral loss of the hard tooth structure and antibacterial activities against carries-related pathogens. It has been suggested that this bioactivity could minimize the incidence of caries around restorations (CARS) and increase the longevity of such filling materials. The last few years witnessed growing numbers of studies on the preparation evaluations of these novel materials. Herein, the caries disease process and the role of pathogenic caries-related biofilm, the increasing incidence of CARS, and the recent efforts employed for incorporation of bioactive nanoparticles in restorative polymer materials as useful strategies for prevention and management of caries-related-bacteria are discussed. We highlight the status of the most advanced and widely explored interaction of nanoparticle-based platforms and calcium phosphate compounds with an eye toward translating the potential of these approaches to the dental clinical reality.