gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Relationship between Software Assertions and Faults: An Empirical Investigation (2006)

The use of assertions in software development is thought to help produce quality software. Unfortunately, there is scant empirical evidence in commercial software systems for this argument to date. This paper presents an empirical case study of two commercial software components at Microsoft Corporation. The developers of these components systematically employed assertions, which allowed us to investigate the relationship between software assertions and code quality. We also compare the efficacy of assertions against that of popular bug finding techniques like source code static analysis tools. We observe from our case study that with an increase in the assertion density in a file there is a statistically significant decrease in fault density. Further, the usage of software assertions in these components found a large percentage of the faults in the bug database
Magnetization reversal in patterned (Co∕Pd)n multilayers (2008)

In this work, the physics of magnetization reversal in patterned high anisotropy (Co∕Pd)n magnetic multilayer arrays is investigated where the magnetic island size, pitch, recording layer thickness, and the underlying multilayer magnetic properties are varied. Magnetization reversal was studied using magneto-optical Kerr effect magnetometry and magnetic force microscopy and supported by micromagnetic modeling. It is found that magnetic island dimension and/or pitch cannot alone explain the variations in the switching behavior of the patterned arrays and the observed values of switching field distribution (SFD). It is found that the ratio of switched magnetic islands to the total number of islands for a giving reversing field depends strongly on the magnetic island geometry. Stray fields from neighboring magnetic islands result in relatively minor influence on the switching characteristics. Micromagnetic modeling was used to further understand the magnetization reversal in patterned arrays. It is found that the bit-edge imperfections such as tapering contribute significantly to the SFD.
Influence of Design Parameters on Mechanical Power Losses of Planetary Gear Sets (2015)

Mechanical (load-dependent) power losses of a planetary gear set occurs primarily along its lubricated rolling-sliding interfaces at the external and internal gear meshes, and planet bearings. The gear mesh originated portion of these losses are influenced by all key gear parameter, tooth profile correction and other parameters dictating the fluid film formation. In this study, a systematic planetary gear design search algorithm is combined with an efficiency formulation to (i) quantify the sensitivity of gear mesh mechanical losses of planetary gear sets to the basic gear design parameters and (ii) investigate the compromise that must take place between the mechanical efficiency and other functional attributes associated with durability and noise performance of the gear set. An example design study is presented at the end to demonstrate both of these points.
Discovery of 4‐Substituted‐8‐(2‐hydroxy‐2‐phenyl‐cyclohexyl)‐2,8‐diaza‐spiro [4.5]decan‐1‐one as a Novel Class of Highly Selective GlyT1 Inhibitors with Improved Metabolic Stability. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fabrication of Porous PZT–PZN Piezoelectric Ceramics With High Hydrostatic Figure of Merits Using Camphene‐Based Freeze Casting (2007)

Porous lead zirconate titanate–lead zinc niobate (PZT–PZN) piezoelectric ceramics with interconnected pore channels were fabricated using the camphene‐based freeze‐casting method. In this method, warm PZT–PZN/camphene slurries with various solid loadings (10, 15, 20, and 25 vol%) were prepared by ball milling at 60°C and then cast into molds at 20°C, resulting in the formation of solidified green bodies comprised of three‐dimensionally interconnected camphene dendrite networks and concentrated ceramic particle walls. After the removal of the frozen camphene via sublimation, the samples were sintered at 1200°C for 2 h. All of the fabricated samples showed highly porous structures, consisting of fully dense PZT–PZN walls without defects, such as cracks or pores. As the initial solid loading was decreased from 25 to 10 vol%, the porosity was linearly increased from 50% to 82%. This increase in the porosity led to a reduction in the permittivity, a moderate decline in the d 33 value, and a rapid decline in the d 31 value, which endowed the porous samples with a high hydrostatic figure of merit (HFOM). The highest HFOM value of 35650 × 10 −15 Pa −1 was achieved for the sample with a porosity of 82%, as well as ɛ 33 =284, d h =298 pC/N, and g h =118 × 10 −3 V·(m·Pa) −1 .
Hall and Field‐Effect Mobilities of Electrons Accumulated at a Lattice‐Matched ZnO/ScAlMgO4 Heterointerface (2004)

At a lattice-matched ZnO/ScAlMgO4 heterointerface, Hall and field-effect mobilities of grain-boundary-free ZnO channels have been simultaneously characterized under a gate electric field (EG) applied through a ScAlMgO4 dielectric gate. The field-effect mobility increased linearly with increasing EG (see Figure), clearly in contrast to the supralinear (exponential) dependence that has been previously reported for polycrystalline channels.
New insights into the structure of cell membranes from single particle tracking experiments (1994)

Conference Article| August 01 1994 New insights into the structure of cell membranes from single particle tracking experiments Richard J. Cherry; Richard J. Cherry * *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar George N. Georgiou; George N. Georgiou 1Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Ian E. G. Morrison Ian E. G. Morrison 1Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Received: March 21 1994 Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1994 Biochemical Society1994 Biochem Soc Trans (1994) 22 (3): 781–784. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0220781 Article history Received: March 21 1994 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Richard J. Cherry, George N. Georgiou, Ian E. G. Morrison; New insights into the structure of cell membranes from single particle tracking experiments. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1994; 22 (3): 781–784. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0220781 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: FRAP, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, LDL, low-density lipoprotein, MHC, major histocompatibility complex, R18, octadecylrhod-amine B chloride, SPT, single particle tracking This content is only available as a PDF. © 1994 Biochemical Society1994 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Siglec-8 antibody reduces eosinophils and mast cells in a transgenic mouse model of eosinophilic gastroenteritis (2019)

Aberrant accumulation and activation of eosinophils and potentially mast cells (MCs) contribute to the pathogenesis of eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs), including eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), gastritis (EG), and gastroenteritis (EGE). Current treatment options, such as diet restriction and corticosteroids, have limited efficacy and are often inappropriate for chronic use. One promising new approach is to deplete eosinophils and inhibit MCs with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 8 (Siglec-8), an inhibitory receptor selectively expressed on MCs and eosinophils. Here, we characterize MCs and eosinophils from human EG and EoE biopsies using flow cytometry and evaluate the effects of an anti-Siglec-8 mAb using a potentially novel Siglec-8-transgenic mouse model in which EG/EGE was induced by ovalbumin sensitization and intragastric challenge. MCs and eosinophils were significantly increased and activated in human EG and EoE biopsies compared with healthy controls. Similar observations were made in EG/EGE mice. In Siglec-8-transgenic mice, anti-Siglec-8 mAb administration significantly reduced eosinophils and MCs in the stomach, small intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes and decreased levels of inflammatory mediators. In summary, these findings suggest a role for both MCs and eosinophils in EGID pathogenesis and support the evaluation of anti-Siglec-8 as a therapeutic approach that targets both eosinophils and MCs.
Poliovirus 3A Protein Limits Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and Beta Interferon Secretion during Viral Infection (2001)

During viral infections, the host secretory pathway is crucial for both innate and acquired immune responses. For example, the export of most proinflammatory and antiviral cytokines, which recruit lymphocytes and initiate antiviral defenses, requires traffic through the host secretory pathway. To investigate potential effects of the known inhibition of cellular protein secretion during poliovirus infection on pathogenesis, cytokine secretion from cells infected with wild-type virus and with 3A-2, a mutant virus carrying an insertion in viral protein 3A which renders the virus defective in the inhibition of protein secretion, was tested. We show here that cells infected with 3A-2 mutant virus secrete greater amounts of cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and beta interferon than cells infected with wild-type poliovirus. Increased cytokine secretion from the mutant-infected cells can be attributed to the reduced inhibition of host protein secretion, because no significant differences between 3A-2- and wild-type-infected cells were observed in the inhibition of viral growth, host cell translation, or the ability of wild-type- or 3A-2-infected cells to support the transcriptional induction of beta interferon mRNA. We surmise that the wild-type function of 3A in inhibiting ER-to-Golgi traffic is not required for viral replication in tissue culture but, by altering the amount of secreted cytokines, could have substantial effects on pathogenesis within an infected host. The global inhibition of protein secretion by poliovirus may reflect a general mechanism by which pathogens that do not require a functional protein secretory apparatus can reduce the native immune response and inflammation associated with infection.
High-Resolution Fast-Neutron Spectrometry for Arms Control and Treaty Verification (2012)

Many nondestructive nuclear analysis techniques have been developed to support the measurement needs of arms control and treaty verification, including gross photon and neutron counting, low- and high-resolution gamma spectrometry, time-correlated neutron measurements, and photon and neutron imaging. One notable measurement technique that has not been extensively studied to date for these applications is high-resolution fast-neutron spectrometry (HRFNS). Applied for arms control and treaty verification, HRFNS has the potential to serve as a complimentary measurement approach to these other techniques by providing a means to either qualitatively or quantitatively determine the composition and thickness of non-nuclear materials surrounding neutron-emitting materials. The technique uses the normally-occurring neutrons present in arms control and treaty verification objects of interest as an internal source of neutrons for performing active-interrogation transmission measurements. Most low-Z nuclei of interest for arms control and treaty verification, including 9Be, 12C, 14N, and 16O, possess fast-neutron resonance features in their absorption cross sections in the 0.5- to 5-MeV energy range. Measuring the selective removal of source neutrons over this energy range, assuming for example a fission-spectrum starting distribution, may be used to estimate the stoichiometric composition of intervening materials between the neutron source and detector. At a simpler level, determination of the emitted fast-neutron spectrum may be used for fingerprinting 'known' assemblies for later use in template-matching tests. As with photon spectrometry, automated analysis of fast-neutron spectra may be performed to support decision making and reporting systems protected behind information barriers. This paper will report recent work at Idaho National Laboratory to explore the feasibility of using HRFNS for arms control and treaty verification applications, including simulations and experiments, using fission-spectrum neutron sources to assess neutron transmission through composite low-Z attenuators.
Eco-compatible zeolite-catalysed continuous halogenation of aromatics (2016)

Continuous iodobenzene chlorination reaction: experimental set-up and conversion – acid site density dependence.
Magnetic force microscopy measurements of skew angle dependencies in perpendicular media (2003)

Today, one of the most critical issues in implementing perpendicular recording is believed to be the excessive sensitivity of a typical perpendicular recording system to the skew angle. In perpendicular data storage, the recording is expected to be produced in the effective gap near the trailing edge of the main pole of a single pole head (SPH). In this paper, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is utilized to study the skew angle effects in perpendicular media with a CoCr-based hard layer and a Permalloy soft underlayer.
A Wavelength-Tunable Erbium-Doped Fiber Double-Ring Laser with Stabilized Single-Frequency Operation (2005)

A stable and tunable fiber double-ring laser based on erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Widely tunable range from 1527 to 1567 nm, the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of &gt;45.6 dB/0.05 nm and the output power of &gt;1.04 dBm in the operating range from 1535 to 1565 nm can be achieved for this ring laser. By applying the double-ring configuration, the ring laser is stabilized. The central wavelength variation of &lt;0.02 nm and the power fluctuation of &lt;0.03 dBm can therefore be retrieved.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships for Extended Side Chain Analogues of the Antitubercular Drug (6S)-2-Nitro-6-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]oxy}-6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine (PA-824) (2015)

Novel extended side chain nitroimidazooxazine analogues featuring diverse linker groups between two aryl rings were studied as a potential strategy to improve solubility and oral activity against chronic infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Both lipophilic and highly polar functionalities (e.g., carboxamide, alkylamine, piperazine, piperidine, but not sulfonamide) were well tolerated in vitro, and the hydrophilic linkers provided some solubility improvements, particularly in combination with pyridine rings. Most of the 18 compounds further assessed showed high microsomal stabilities, although in the acute infection mouse model, just one stilbene (6-fold) and two pyridine-containing acetylene derivatives (5-fold and &gt;933-fold) gave in vivo efficacies notably superior to the clinical stage compound pretomanid (PA-824). The most efficacious analogue also displayed outstanding in vivo activity in the stringent chronic model (up to 24-fold better than the drug delamanid and 4-fold greater than our previous best phenylpyridine candidate), with favorable pharmacokinetics, including good oral bioavailability in the rat.
An optical phase-shift keying direct detection receiver using a high-resolution arrayed-waveguide grating (2003)

An optical phase-shift keying direct detection (PSK-DD) receiver with phase modulation to amplitude modulation conversion using a high-resolution arrayed-waveguide grating is proposed and demonstrated at 10 Gbit/s using an optical PSK-return-to-zero signal.
Fingerprint Matrices: Uncovering the dynamics of social networks in prose literature (2013)

Abstract In prose literature often complex dynamics of interpersonal relationships can be observed between the different characters. Traditionally, node‐link diagrams are used to depict the social network of a novel. However, static graphs can only visualize the overall social network structure but not the development of the networks over the course of the story, while dynamic graphs have the serious problem that there are many sudden changes between different portions of the overall social network. In this paper we explore means to show the relationships between the characters of a plot and at the same time their development over the course of a novel. Based on a careful exploration of the design space, we suggest a new visualization technique called Fingerprint Matrices. A case study exemplifies the usage of Fingerprint Matrices and shows that they are an effective means to analyze prose literature with respect to the development of relationships between the different characters.
Applications of vision science to virtual and augmented reality (2018)

course Share on Applications of vision science to virtual and augmented reality Authors: Anjul Patney View Profile , Marina Zannoli View Profile , Joohwan Kim View Profile , Robert Konrad View Profile , Frank Steinicke View Profile , Martin S. Banks View Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGGRAPH '18: ACM SIGGRAPH 2018 CoursesAugust 2018 Article No.: 8Pages 1–28https://doi.org/10.1145/3214834.3214851Published:12 August 2018Publication History 1citation501DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads501Last 12 Months30Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
PEZO-1 and TRP-4 mechanosensors are involved in mating behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans (2022)

Male mating in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> is a complex behavior with a strong mechanosensory component. <i>C. elegans</i> has several characterized mechanotransducer proteins, but few have been shown to contribute to mating. Here, we investigated the roles of <i>PEZO-1</i>, a piezo channel, and <i>TRP-4</i>, a mechanotransducing TRPN channel, in male mating behavior. We show that <i>pezo-1</i> is expressed in several male-specific neurons with known roles in mating. We show that, among other neurons, <i>trp-4</i> is expressed in the Post-Cloacal sensilla neuron type A (PCA) sensory neuron, which monitors relative sliding between the male and the hermaphrodite and inhibits neurons involved in vulva detection. Mutations in both genes compromise many steps of mating, including initial response to the hermaphrodite, scanning, turning, and vulva detection. We performed pan-neuronal imaging during mating between freely moving mutant males and hermaphrodites. Both <i>pezo-1</i> and <i>trp-4</i> mutants showed spurious activation of the sensory neurons involved in vulva detection. In <i>trp-4</i> mutants, this spurious activation might be caused by PCA failure to inhibit vulva-detecting neurons during scanning. Indeed, we show that without functional <i>TRP-4</i>, PCA fails to detect the relative sliding between the male and hermaphrodite. Cell-specific <i>TRP-4</i> expression restores PCA's mechanosensory function. Our results demonstrate new roles for both <i>PEZO-1</i> and <i>TRP-4</i> mechanotransducers in <i>C. elegans</i> mating behavior.
Optical "Bernoulli" forces (2013)

By Bernoulli's law, an increase in the relative speed of a fluid around a body is accompanies by a decrease in the pressure. Therefore, a rotating body in a fluid stream experiences a force perpendicular to the motion of the fluid because of the unequal relative speed of the fluid across its surface. It is well known that light has a constant speed irrespective of the relative motion. Does a rotating body immersed in a stream of photons experience a Bernoulli-like force? We show that, indeed, a rotating dielectric cylinder experiences such a lateral force from an electromagnetic wave. In fact, the sign of the lateral force is the same as that of the fluid-mechanical analogue as long as the electric susceptibility is positive (ε&gt;ε_{0}), but for negative-susceptibility materials (e.g. metals) we show that the lateral force is in the opposite direction. Because these results are derived from a classical electromagnetic scattering problem, Mie-resonance enhancements that occur in other scattering phenomena also enhance the lateral force.
Modèle 2.5D pour l’optimisation des démarreurs renforcés stop-start (2013)

International audience
An active ring fault detected at Tendürek volcano by using InSAR (2013)

Abstract Although ring faults are present at many ancient, deeply eroded volcanoes, they have been detected at only very few modern volcanic centers. At the so far little studied Tendürek volcano in eastern Turkey, we generated an ascending and a descending InSAR time series of its surface displacement field for the period from 2003 to 2010. We detected a large (~105 km 2 ) region that underwent subsidence at the rate of ~1 cm/yr during this period. Source modeling results show that the observed signal fits best to simulations of a near‐horizontal contracting sill located at around 4.5 km below the volcano summit. Intriguingly, the residual displacement velocity field contains a steep gradient that systematically follows a system of arcuate fractures visible on the volcano's midflanks. RapidEye satellite optical images show that this fracture system has deflected Holocene lava flows, thus indicating its presence for at least several millennia. We interpret the arcuate fracture system as the surface expression of an inherited ring fault that has been slowly reactivated during the detected recent subsidence. These results show that volcano ring faults may not only slip rapidly during eruptive or intrusive phases, but also slowly during dormant phases.
Homogeneous production and removal of NO/sub x/ from combustion exhaust flows. Second quarterly technical summary report, November 1, 1980-January 31, 1981 (1981)

The addition of ammonia to the exhaust stream of stationary combustors is a promising approach toward reducing NO/sub x/ emissions. The use of high sulfur-content fuels will produce moderate quantities of SO/sub 2/ and other sulfur-bearing compounds which may affect the effectiveness of this thermal deNO/sub x/ process. Initial modeling efforts indicate that the presence of SO/sub 2/ is slightly beneficial in removing NO near 1250/sup 0/K. In addition, experiments show that the ammonia species (NH/sub i/, i=1,2,3) do not directly form NO upon reaction with SO/sub 2/. Other products of these reactions are currently being measured.