gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of image-side telecentric freeform imaging systems based on a point-by-point construction-iteration process (2017)

In this Letter, we present a novel design method of image-side telecentric freeform imaging systems. The freeform surfaces in the system can be generated using a point-by-point design approach starting from an initial system consisting of simple planes. The proposed method considers both the desired object–image relationships and the telecentricity at the image-side during the design process. The system generated by this method can be taken as a good starting point for further optimization. To demonstrate the benefit and feasibility of our method, we design two freeform off-axis three-mirror image-side telecentric imaging systems in the visible band. The systems operate at F/1.9 with a 30 mm entrance pupil diameter and 5° diagonal field-of-view. The modulation-transfer-function curves are above 0.69 at 100 lps/mm.
Optical system analysis for the ground based EXVM (1993)

The MSFC's Experimental Vector Magnetograph (EXVM) is an instrument that observes a 4.4 x 8.8 arcmin field of the sun. The transverse and longitudinal components of the surface magnetic field and the line-of-sight velocities of the photospheric gases can be determined from polarimetric and spectral analysis of the 525.02 nm absorption line of Fe 1. The EXVM has been breadboarded and tested in the laboratory. The optics of the EXVM were tested with a point-diffraction (Smartt) interferometer. The 12 inch Cassegrain telescope was found to have 0.20 waves RMS (at 525.02 nm) of aberration. The post-telescope relay optics were nearly diffraction limited on-axis and had about one wave of primary coma as the predominant aberration at full-field. From theoretical modulation transfer function (MTF) curves of known aberrations, it was concluded that the EXVM should attain a maximum spatial resolution of about 0.5 arcseconds. A resolution test target indicated maximum angular resolutions better than 0.6 arcsec on-axis and 0.7 arcsec at full-field-of-view. A 2D inch heliostat (sun-tracking mirror) was used to direct sunlight into the lab and into the EXVM. Solar images obtained were limited by atmospheric seeing effects. During brief moments of good seeing, angular resolutions of about 1 arcsecond were realized with the EXVM.
Partial grooving in vertical Bloch line memory (1992)

Partially grooved regions in magnetic garnets, used to stabilize minor-loop stripe domains in vertical Bloch line memories have been investigated using arrays of grooves in garnets with a zero-field stripe-width of 2.36 mu m and thickness of 2.26 mu m. Rectangular grooved regions were used to confine the minor loop stripes, using a groove depth of 10% and groove widths of 1.5 mu m and 2.00 mu m. Major line regions were defined by two successive 10% grooving steps. Bias field margins were measured experimentally and computed using a two-dimensional, magnetic-domain computer simulation. The computed margins were shown to be in quantitative agreement with experimentally measured bias field margins. Interpretation of the simulations and the experimental data in these samples indicates that magnetostatic effects dominate magnetostrictive effects in defining bias field stability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A recursive software architecture for location-aware services (2002)

Abstract. A GLObal Smart Space (GLOSS) provides support for interaction amongst people, artefacts and places while taking account of both context and movement on a global scale. Crucial to the definition of a GLOSS is the provi-sion of a set of services, which we term location-aware services, that detect, convey, store and exploit location information. We first describe a framework (ontology), using a small set of concepts, for defining a GLOSS. This allows different services to be implemented without duplication of the basic mecha-nisms, and abstracts over specific details of the technologies used, thereby ac-commodating both heterogeneity and evolution. Secondly, we introduce a set of location-aware metaphors that are defined in terms of the GLOSS concepts. Thirdly, we propose a recursive software architecture to support the implemen-tation of the metaphors within the framework. Finally we outline how the soft-ware architecture may be applied recursively to provide scalability for location-aware services in the global context. 1
The Formation of Novel 1,3‐Dioxolanes: Atypical Baylis—Hillman Reaction of a Sesquiterpene Lactone Parthenin. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Disruptive effect of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction on the magnetic memory cell performance (2016)

In order to increase the thermal stability of a magnetic random access memory cell, materials with high spin-orbit interaction are often introduced in the storage layer. As a side effect, a strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) may arise in such systems. Here, we investigate the impact of DMI on the magnetic cell performance, using micromagnetic simulations. We find that DMI strongly promotes non-uniform magnetization states and non-uniform switching modes of the magnetic layer. It appears to be detrimental for both the thermal stability of the cell and its switching current, leading to considerable deterioration of the cell performance even for a moderate DMI amplitude.
Structural and Functional Modularity of the Orange Carotenoid Protein: Distinct Roles for the N- and C-Terminal Domains in Cyanobacterial Photoprotection (2014)

The orange carotenoid protein (OCP) serves as a sensor of light intensity and an effector of phycobilisome (PB)-associated photoprotection in cyanobacteria. Structurally, the OCP is composed of two distinct domains spanned by a single carotenoid chromophore. Functionally, in response to high light, the OCP converts from a dark-stable orange form, OCP(O), to an active red form, OCP(R). The C-terminal domain of the OCP has been implicated in the dynamic response to light intensity and plays a role in switching off the OCP's photoprotective response through its interaction with the fluorescence recovery protein. The function of the N-terminal domain, which is uniquely found in cyanobacteria, is unclear. To investigate its function, we isolated the N-terminal domain in vitro using limited proteolysis of native OCP. The N-terminal domain retains the carotenoid chromophore; this red carotenoid protein (RCP) has constitutive PB fluorescence quenching activity comparable in magnitude to that of active, full-length OCP(R). A comparison of the spectroscopic properties of the RCP with OCP(R) indicates that critical protein-chromophore interactions within the C-terminal domain are weakened in the OCP(R) form. These results suggest that the C-terminal domain dynamically regulates the photoprotective activity of an otherwise constitutively active carotenoid binding N-terminal domain.
Manipulating replisome dynamics to enhance lambda Red-mediated multiplex genome engineering (2012)

Disrupting the interaction between primase and helicase in Escherichia coli increases Okazaki fragment (OF) length due to less frequent primer synthesis. We exploited this feature to increase the amount of ssDNA at the lagging strand of the replication fork that is available for λ Red-mediated Multiplex Automatable Genome Engineering (MAGE). Supporting this concept, we demonstrate that MAGE enhancements correlate with OF length. Compared with a standard recombineering strain (EcNR2), the strain with the longest OFs displays on average 62% more alleles converted per clone, 239% more clones with 5 or more allele conversions and 38% fewer clones with 0 allele conversions in 1 cycle of co-selection MAGE (CoS-MAGE) with 10 synthetic oligonucleotides. Additionally, we demonstrate that both synthetic oligonucleotides and accessible ssDNA targets on the lagging strand of the replication fork are limiting factors for MAGE. Given this new insight, we generated a strain with reduced oligonucleotide degradation and increased genomic ssDNA availability, which displayed 111% more alleles converted per clone, 527% more clones with 5 or more allele conversions and 71% fewer clones with 0 allele conversions in 1 cycle of 10-plex CoS-MAGE. These improvements will facilitate ambitious genome engineering projects by minimizing dependence on time-consuming clonal isolation and screening.
Total Management of Transmissions for the End User (1998)

With the growth of mobile computing, users will have simultaneous access to multiple networks, each with different characteristics, services and costs. This paper introduces TOMTEN (TOtal Management Of Transmissions for the ENd-user), a framework for managing resources in this environment. TOMTEN is a reactive framework that is only active when either the application is started up or the user indicates dissatisfaction with a current session. The framework being reactive, positions it in contrast with all Quality of Service (QoS) frameworks proposed to date, since these are continuously trying to predict the user’s perceived quality and preferences. In addition to this reactive QoS, TOMTEN also supports application adaptivity within the framework. Application adaptivity in TOMTEN does not require modifications to the application as it is done transparently using proxy modules. This paper presents the TOMTEN framework and shows how it attempts to assist the user in maximising their resource utilisation through the usage of the reactive QoS management scheme and application adaptation. The paper discusses the different components that form TOMTEN, before introducing a prototype implementation and presenting experimental results using two applications – a MPEG player and a web browser.
Integrated gut/liver microphysiological systems elucidates inflammatory inter-tissue crosstalk (2017)

A capability for analyzing complex cellular communication among tissues is important in drug discovery and development, and in vitro technologies for doing so are required for human applications. A prominent instance is communication between the gut and the liver, whereby perturbations of one tissue can influence behavior of the other. Here, we present a study on human gut-liver tissue interactions under normal and inflammatory contexts, via an integrative multi-organ platform comprising human liver (hepatocytes and Kupffer cells), and intestinal (enterocytes, goblet cells, and dendritic cells) models. Our results demonstrated long-term (>2 weeks) maintenance of intestinal (e.g., barrier integrity) and hepatic (e.g., albumin) functions in baseline interaction. Gene expression data comparing liver in interaction with gut, versus isolation, revealed modulation of bile acid metabolism. Intestinal FGF19 secretion and associated inhibition of hepatic CYP7A1 expression provided evidence of physiologically relevant gut-liver crosstalk. Moreover, significant non-linear modulation of cytokine responses was observed under inflammatory gut-liver interaction; for example, production of CXCR3 ligands (CXCL9,10,11) was synergistically enhanced. RNA-seq analysis revealed significant upregulation of IFNα/β/γ signaling during inflammatory gut-liver crosstalk, with these pathways implicated in the synergistic CXCR3 chemokine production. Exacerbated inflammatory response in gut-liver interaction also negatively affected tissue-specific functions (e.g., liver metabolism). These findings illustrate how an integrated multi-tissue platform can generate insights useful for understanding complex pathophysiological processes such as inflammatory organ crosstalk.
Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and DFT study of a new compound 3-(4-(2,4-dimorpholinopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-1,1-diethylurea (2022)

In this study, the compound 3-(4-(2,4-dimorpholinopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)-1,1-diethylurea was prepared. The synthesis of the compound was confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and FT-IR spectroscopies. The crystal structure of the title compound was optimized using by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and the molecular structure of the crystal was compared with theoretical calculations. The results show that the molecular structure optimized by DFT is essentially identical to the crystal structure determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Additionally, the optimal structure and frontier orbital energy were calculated using DFT.
Additively Manufactured Fractional Slot Concentrated Windings with Integrated Heat Pipes: Single-Layer vs. Double-Layer (2022)

Electric motors are effective solutions to mitigate or eliminate CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> emissions produced by aerospace vehicles. However, the aggressive Specific Power (SP) and efficiency targets pose some design challenges since these targets exceed the state-of-the art of electric machines. In this paper, double-layer Fractional Slot Concentrated Windings (FSCWs) with Additively Manufactured (AM) coils will be presented and compared against an optimized single-layer design. The objective is to show the AM opportunities and challenges when they are applied in FSCWs. Several performance aspects will be highlighted and discussed.
Treatment of True Precocious Puberty with a Potent Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Factor Agonist: Effect on Growth, Sexual Maturation, Pelvic Sonography, and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis* (1985)

We used the LHRH agonist D-Trp6-Pro6-N-ethylamide LHRH (LHRH-A) to treat 19 children (12 girls and 7 boys) with true precocious puberty. Fourteen patients had idiopathic true precocious puberty, 4 had a hamartoma of the tuber cinereum, and 1 had a hypothalamic astrocytoma. Basal gonadotropin secretion and responses to native LHRH decreased within 1 week of initiation LHRH-A therapy, and sex steroid secretion decreased within 2 weeks to or within the prepubertal range. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the uterus indicated a postmenarchal size and shape in all 11 girls studied before treatment, which reverted to prepubertal size and configuration in 5 girls during LHRH-A therapy. The enlarged ovaries decreased in size and the multiple ovarian follicular cysts regressed. Sexual characteristics ceased advancing or reverted toward the prepubertal state in all patients receiving therapy for 6-36 months. All 5 girls with menarche before therapy had no further menses. Three girls had hot flashes after LHRH-A-induced reduction of the plasma estradiol concentration. Height velocity, SDs above the mean height velocity for age, and SDs above the mean height for age decreased during LHRH-A therapy; the velocity of skeletal maturation decreased after 12 months of LHRH-A therapy and was sustained during continued therapy over 18-36 months. In 4 patients, a subnormal growth rate (less than 4.5 cm/yr) occurred during LHRH-A therapy. Six patients had cutaneous reactions of LHRH-A, but no demonstrable circulating antibodies to LHRH-A. In 2 patients in whom LHRH-A therapy was discontinued because of skin reactions, precocious sexual maturation resumed at the previous rate for the ensuing 6-12 months; subsequently, they were desensitized to LHRH-A, and during a second course of therapy, their secondary sexual development and sex steroid levels again quickly decreased. LHRH-A proved an effective and safe treatment for true precocious puberty in boys as well as girls with central precocious puberty whether of the idiopathic type or secondary to a hamartoma of the tuber cinereum or a hypothalamic neoplasm.
Functionally defined CD164 epitopes are expressed on CD34(+) cells throughout ontogeny but display distinct distribution patterns in adult hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic tissues. (2000)

Three distinct classes of epitopes on human CD164 have been identified. Two of these, recognized by the monoclonal antibodies 105A5 and 103B2/9E10, are the CD164 class I and class II functionally defined epitopes, which cooperate to regulate adhesion and proliferation of CD34(+) cell subsets. In this article, we demonstrate that these 2 CD164 epitopes are expressed on CD34(+) cells throughout ontogeny, in particular on CD34(+ )cell clusters associated with the ventral floor of the dorsal aorta in the developing embryo and on CD34(+) hematopoietic precursor cells in fetal liver, cord blood, and adult bone marrow. While higher levels of expression of these CD164 epitopes occur on the more primitive AC133(hi)CD34(hi)CD38(lo/-) cell population, they also occur on most cord blood Lin(-)CD34(lo/-)CD38(lo/- )cells, which are potential precursors for the AC133(hi)CD34(hi)CD38(lo/-) subset. In direct contrast to these common patterns of expression on hematopoietic precursor cells, notable differences in expression of the CD164 epitopes were observed in postnatal lymphoid and nonhematopoietic tissues, with the class I and class II CD164 epitopes generally exhibiting differential and often reciprocal cellular distribution patterns. This is particularly striking in the colon, where infiltrating lymphoid cells are CD164 class I-positive but class II-negative, while epithelia are weakly CD164 class II-positive. Similarly, in certain lymphoid tissues, high endothelial venules and basal and subcapsular epithelia are CD164 class II-positive, while lymphoid cells are CD164 class I-positive. It therefore seems highly likely that these CD164 class I and II epitopes will mediate reciprocal homing functions in these tissue types.
Miniature imaging photon detectors. III. An assessment of the performance of the resistive anode IPD (1982)

For pt.II see ibid., vol.13, p.763 (1980). The imaging performance of a proximity-focused imaging photon detector using microchannel plate (MCP) intensifiers, and a resistive anode is determined by four major factors. These are: the electron optics of the biplanar lens formed by the photocathode and MCP, with a gap of between 300 mu m and 1 mm; the random walk process of intensification within a triple-MCP (Z-plate) intensifier; the noise factor of the anode and the preamplifiers, and the errors of the main signal processing electronics. A device with a 1.0 mm photocathode to MCP gap and a potential difference of about 250V across this gap, and a 'linear' resistive anode read-out system, shows a point spread function with a full width half maximum (FWHM) of 86 mu m. Consideration of the potential improvements which would materially affect resolution indicate that about 30 mu m FWHM is achievable, corresponding to a limiting resolution of 34 line pairs per mm, at 3% modulation.
A Practical Access to Acyl Radicals from Acyl Hydrazides. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Abstract 17543: The Chicken or the Eggs? Examining the Causal Relationship Between the Development of Atrioventricular Valve Regurgitation and Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With Functionally Single-Ventricle Physiology (2015)

Introduction: Development of atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR) with or without ventricular dysfunction (VD) often occurs during the first 6 months of life and has a significant impact on outcomes for single-ventricle patients. Yet, it is not well known whether AVVR causes VD or vice versa. Thus, we sought to identify the timing and causal relationship between AVVR and VD. Methods: Among 156 consecutive single-ventricle patients who had staged palliation (2005- 2012), 28 who had AVV repair at the time of stage II (n=24, 86%) or inter-stage (n=4, 14%) were reviewed. Diagnosis included HLHS in 17 (61%) patients, tricuspid atresia in 2 (7%), and others in 9 (32%). Ventricular morphology was left-dominant in 6 (21%) patients and right-dominant in 22 (79%). AVV morphology included mitral in 6 (21%) patients, tricuspid in 18 (64%), and common in 4 (14%). Serial echocardiograms were reviewed to identify the timing of development of AVVR and/or VD. Results: After stage I palliation, ventricular end-diastolic dimension (VEDD) z-score significantly increased from 4.01 to 5.69 (p&lt;0.01) AVVR (Figure). By the time of stage II palliation, VEDD further increased and subsequent AVV annular dilation occurred, resulting in 23 patients with significant AVVR. None of the patients, however, had significant VD before stage II palliation/AVV repair, but 9 patients developed significant VD after AVV repair. Conclusions: Ventricular dilation occurred immediately after stage I palliation and continued until stage II palliation. Secondary annular dilation occurred inter-stage and this further triggered the development of AVVR. Tangible ventricular dysfunction was not seen before AVV repair, however, important ventricular dysfunction was unmasked after volume unloading surgery. Heart failure management and early intervention to significant AVVR may reduce the incidence of ventricular dysfunction following AVV repair.
A novel sequencing-based vaginal health assay combining self-sampling, HPV detection and genotyping, STI detection, and vaginal microbiome analysis (2019)

The composition of the vaginal microbiome, including both the presence of pathogens involved in sexually transmitted infections (STI) as well as commensal microbiota, has been shown to have important associations for a woman's reproductive and general health. Currently, healthcare providers cannot offer comprehensive vaginal microbiome screening, but are limited to the detection of individual pathogens, such as high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), the predominant cause of cervical cancer. There is no single test on the market that combines HPV, STI, and microbiome screening. Here, we describe a novel inclusive vaginal health assay that combines self-sampling with sequencing-based HPV detection and genotyping, vaginal microbiome analysis, and STI-associated pathogen detection. The assay includes genotyping and detection of 14 hrHPV types, 5 low-risk HPV types (lrHPV), as well as the relative abundance of 31 bacterial taxa of clinical importance, including Lactobacillus, Sneathia, Gardnerella, and 3 pathogens involved in STI, with high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. For each of these taxa, reference ranges were determined in a group of 50 self-reported healthy women. The HPV sequencing portion of the test was evaluated against the digene High-Risk HPV HC2 DNA test. For hrHPV genotyping, agreement was 95.3% with a kappa of 0.804 (601 samples); after removal of samples in which the digene hrHPV probe showed cross-reactivity with lrHPV types, the sensitivity and specificity of the hrHPV genotyping assay were 94.5% and 96.6%, respectively, with a kappa of 0.841. For lrHPV genotyping, agreement was 93.9% with a kappa of 0.788 (148 samples), while sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 92.9%, respectively. This novel assay could be used to complement conventional cervical cancer screening, because its self-sampling format can expand access among women who would otherwise not participate, and because of its additional information about the composition of the vaginal microbiome and the presence of pathogens.