gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Triplet Electronic Spin States of Crude Oils and Asphaltenes (2011)

The resolution of asphaltene nanoscience is becoming increasingly important for a variety of purposes. One key molecular attribute of the asphaltenes is the size distribution of their polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Comparison of measured spin singlet–singlet absorption and emission transitions with exhaustive molecular orbital (MO) calculations on 523 PAHs indicates that asphaltene PAHs have a population centroid of ∼7 fused rings. To further test this understanding of asphaltene PAHs, it is desirable to consider the dynamics of triplet states. Nevertheless, triplet-state spectroscopy is complex, especially on polydisperse materials such as asphaltenes. For validation, we compare simple expectations for asphaltenes against both experimental and theoretical results. Measurements were conducted on crude oil and asphaltene samples of dramatically different heavy end content to identify specific transitions being investigated. Experimental results include spectra at several wavelengths, lifetimes in the presence and absence of molecular oxygen, and temperature effects. Specifically, we use classic techniques [Horrocks and Wilkinson, Proc. R. Soc. London A1968, 306, 257–273] to measure triplet–triplet spectra for crude oils and asphaltenes. These are compared with corresponding MO calculations. Again, using classic methods [Guzeman et al., J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans.1973, 69, 708–720], quenching effects of asphaltene triplet states by molecular oxygen are measured and compared with simple diffusion expectations. The temperature dependence provides further stringent testing. Spectral comparisons versus crude oil composition rule out significant spectral contributions from free radicals. Simple expectations regarding triplet-state spectroscopy of asphaltenes and crude oils apply and corroborate previous conclusions from singlet-state spectroscopy of crude oils and asphaltenes. The data herein are consistent with asphaltene PAHs being relatively large (e.g., 7 fused rings); this, in turn, is consistent with the predominance of a single PAH per asphaltene molecule (the "island" molecular architecture). Smaller PAHs dominate the triplet transitions for the crude oil samples and optical wavelengths used herein.
Spatial Thermal Frequency Response Measurement of Power Semiconductor Equipment (2020)

This paper presents spatial thermal frequency response analysis and measurement as a tool enabling the design of power electronic modules and converter systems for maximal density. It starts with model-based synthesis of a scaling law describing how geometric dimensioning and material selection shapes stressful thermal transients induced by device losses. Next, the paper presents a key evolution to state-of-the-art system identification methods for characterizing transient heat transfer. A proposed measurement setup utilizes infrared thermography to capture spatial temperature gradients resulting from forced, transient semiconductor device loss dissipation. Measurement results are presented in the time domain and, after synthesis, in a compact frequency domain format. Coherent frequency response function measurements quantify the amplitude attenuation and phase delay induced by detailed spatial domain effects, such as component interfacing. Close inspection of results reveal measurement synchronization requirements and how the methodology can be exploited to profile surface topology in prototype assemblies.
Driving pattern identification for EV range estimation (2012)

This paper presents a driving pattern recognition method based on trip segment clustering. Driving patterns categorize various driving behaviors that contain certain energy demand property in common. It can be applied to various applications including intelligent transportation, emission estimation, passive/active safety controls and energy management controls. In this paper, pattern features are first identified from high impact factors from static and quasi-static environmental and traffic information. A feature based trip/route partitioning algorithm is then developed based on data clustering methods. The driving patterns are finally recognized by synthesizing all partitioned feature zones along the trip/route where each partitioned road section is distinguished by an attribute of feature combination that will result in a distinctive drive energy demand property. The driving pattern recognition is a critical technology especially in solving problems like range estimation and energy consumption preplanning for the plug-in capable electrified vehicles.
Finite-memory denoising in impulsive noise using Gaussian mixture models (2001)

We propose an efficiently structured nonlinear finite-memory filter for denoising (filtering) a Gaussian signal contaminated by additive impulsive colored noise. The noise is modeled as a zero-mean Gaussian mixture (ZMGM) process. We first derive the optimal estimator for the static case, in which a Gaussian random variable (RV) is contaminated by an impulsive ZMGM RV. We provide an analytical derivation of the resulting mean-squared error (MSE), and compare the performance to that of the optimal linear estimator, identifying cases of significant improvement. Building upon these results, we develop a suboptimal finite-memory filter for the dynamic case, which is nearly optimal in the minimum MSE sense. The resulting filter is a nonlinearly weighted combination of a fixed number of linear filters, for which a computationally efficient architecture is proposed. Substantial improvement in performance over the optimal linear filter is demonstrated using simulation results.
Propranolol inhibits cavernous vascular malformations by β1 adrenergic receptor antagonism in animal models (2020)

Propranolol, a pleiotropic β-adrenergic blocker, has been anecdotally reported to reduce cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) in humans. However, propranolol has not been rigorously evaluated in animal models, nor has its mechanism of action in CCM been defined. We report that propranolol or its S(-) enantiomer dramatically reduced embryonic venous cavernomas in ccm2 mosaic zebrafish, whereas R-(+)-propranolol, lacking β antagonism, had no effect. Silencing of the β1, but not β2, adrenergic receptor mimicked the beneficial effects of propranolol in a zebrafish CCM model, as did the β1-selective antagonist metoprolol. Thus, propranolol ameliorated cavernous malformations by β1 adrenergic antagonism in zebrafish. Oral propranolol significantly reduced lesion burden in 2 chronic murine models of the exceptionally aggressive Pdcd10/Ccm3 form of CCM. Propranolol or other β1-selective antagonists may be beneficial in CCM disease.
Generative Probabilistic Novelty Detection with Isometric Adversarial Autoencoders (2022)

Learning the manifold of a complex distribution is a fundamental challenge for novelty or anomaly detection. We introduce a revised learning and inference procedure that takes into account a key underlying assumption made by the framework of generative probabilistic novelty detection. The traditional framework implies the ability to not only learn the manifold of the generative distribution of inliers but also to compute non-linear orthogonal projections onto this manifold from the ambient space. We augment the original training with priors that endow the model with this property, and prove that inference becomes easier and computationally more efficient. We show experimentally that the new framework leads to improved and more stable results.
Nickel(100) by XPS (1992)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) were used to characterize a clean and highly-oriented Ni(100) single crystal. The Ni(100) crystal was cleaned and ordered with a combination of Ar-ion bombardment and annealing. There were no contaminants observed in XPS. The XPS binding energies were referenced to the Fermi edge of the clean nickel crystal.
Leading innovations towards 5G: Europe's perspective in 5G infrastructure public-private partnership (5G-PPP) (2017)

The paper elaborates on the technological and architectural innovations researched and developed by 5G-PPP Phase 1 projects and covering innovation areas such as 5G system design and evaluation, novel air interfaces, network management and security as well as virtualization and service deployment aspects.
An efficient frequency offset estimator for timing and frequency synchronization in OFDM systems (2003)

In this paper, by modifying a conventional method which requires two training symbols, we propose a timing and frequency synchronization algorithm for OFDM systems which requires one training symbol. While the frame/symbol timing is obtained by using the conventional method, the carrier frequency offset is efficiently estimated by the proposed method. Key features of the proposed method are presented in terms of missing probability and estimation error variance of the carrier frequency offset estimator in AWGN and frequency selective fading channels. It is shown that the proposed method not only reduces the number of training symbols but also possesses better performance than the conventional method without increased complexity.
Application of an EMCCD camera for calibration of hard X-ray telescopes (2012)

Recent technological innovations make it feasible to construct efficient hard x-ray telescopes for space-based astronomical missions. Focusing optics are capable of improving the sensitivity in the energy range above 10 keV by orders of magnitude compared to previously used instruments. The last decade has seen focusing optics developed for balloon experiments and they are implemented in approved space missions such as the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR). The full characterization of x-ray optics for astrophysical missions, including measurement of the point spread function (PSF) as well as scattering and reflectivity properties of substrate coatings, requires a large area detector with very high spatial resolution and sensitivity, photon counting and energy discriminating capability. Novel back-thinned Electron Multiplying Charge-Coupled Devices (EMCCDs) are suitable detectors for ground-based calibrations if combined with a scintillating material. This optical coupling of the EMCCD chip to a microcolumnar CsI(Tl) scintillator can be achieved via a fiberoptic taper. Not only does this detector system exhibit low noise and high spatial resolution inherent to CCDs, but the EMCCD is also able to handle high frame rates. Additionally, thick CsI(Tl) yields high detection efficiency for x-rays. In this paper, we discuss the advantages of using an EMCCD to calibrate hard x-ray optics. We will illustrate the promising features of this detector solution using examples of data obtained during the ground calibration of the NuSTAR telescopes performed at Columbia University during 2010/2011. Finally, we give an outlook on latest development and optimizations.
Gut commensal flora: tolerance and homeostasis (2009)

Commensal microorganisms are not ignored by the intestinal immune system. Recent evidence shows that commensals actively participate in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis by interacting with intestinal epithelial cells and delivering tolerogenic signals that are transmitted to the underlying cells of the immune system.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE INTERNAL MICHAEL REACTION. A NEW CONSTRUCTION OF TRANS‐HYDRINDAN SYSTEMS (1982)

Abstract Der Silylether (I) läßt sich durch Oxidation mit m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure (mClPB) in THF, anschließende Verseifung zum α‐Hydroxyketon und (dessen oxidative Ringöffnung in den Aldehydester (II) umwandeln.
Synthesis and Characterizations of Mn<sub>1+X</sub>Co<sub>2-X</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Solid Solution Catalysts for Highly Efficient Li/Air Secondary Battery (2015)

<TEX>$Mn_{1+X}Co_{2-X}O_4$</TEX> solid solutions with various Mn/Co ratios were synthesized by a combustion method, and used as cathode catalysts for lithium/air secondary battery. Their electrochemical and physicochemical properties were investigated. The morphology was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the crystallinity was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. For the measurement of electrochemical properties, charge and discharge measurements were carried out at a constant current density of <TEX>$0.2mA/cm^2$</TEX>, monitoring the voltage change. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses were also employed to examine the change in charge transfer resistance during charge-discharge process. <TEX>$Mn_{1+X}Co_{2-X}O_4$</TEX> solid solutions showed enhanced cycleability as a cathode of Li/air secondary battery, and the performance was found to be strongly dependent on Mn/Co ratio. Among synthesized catalysts, <TEX>$Mn_{1.5}Co_{1.5}O_4$</TEX> exhibited the best performance and cycleability, due to high charge transfer rate.
Phase shifter using carbon nanotube thin-film transistor for flexible phased-array antenna (2011)

Printing technique is a simple and cost effective method to produce electronics. In this work, self-aligned carbon nanotube thin-film transistor based phased shifter has been used to fabricate a 1x4 phased array antenna system on a flexible substrate using a combination of ink-jet printing and stamping techniques. The radiation pattern is measured for different steering angle conditions. Measured and simulated far field radiation patterns are reported, and both data sets agree well with each other. The efficiency the 2-bit 1x4 PAA system is calculated to be 42% including the loss of transmission line, FET switch, and coupling loss of RF probes.
Laser-Based Layer-by-Layer Polymer Stereolithography for High-Frequency Applications (2017)

In this paper, a summary of works in creating truly three-dimensional structures for high-frequency applications will be presented using an additive manufacturing method, laser-based layer-by-layer polymer stereolithography. This polymer stereolithography is shown to have very good fabrication tolerances, which are necessary for making miniature RF components and narrow-band filters. The prototype components using this stereolithography include high-Q resonators, low-loss cavity filters and evanescent-mode filters, antennas, and miniature ion traps for mass spectrometry.
Confirmed rare copy number variants implicate novel genes in schizophrenia (2010)

Understanding how cognitive processes including learning, memory, decision making and ideation are encoded by the genome is a key question in biology. Identification of sets of genes underlying human mental disorders is a path towards this objective. Schizophrenia is a common disease with cognitive symptoms, high heritability and complex genetics. We have identified genes involved with schizophrenia by measuring differences in DNA copy number across the entire genome in 91 schizophrenia cases and 92 controls in the Scottish population. Our data reproduce rare and common variants observed in public domain data from >3000 schizophrenia cases, confirming known disease loci as well as identifying novel loci. We found copy number variants in PDE10A (phosphodiesterase 10A), CYFIP1 [cytoplasmic FMR1 (Fragile X mental retardation 1)-interacting protein 1], K(+) channel genes KCNE1 and KCNE2, the Down's syndrome critical region 1 gene RCAN1 (regulator of calcineurin 1), cell-recognition protein CHL1 (cell adhesion molecule with homology with L1CAM), the transcription factor SP4 (specificity protein 4) and histone deacetylase HDAC9, among others (see http://www.genes2cognition.org/SCZ-CNV). Integrating the function of these many genes into a coherent model of schizophrenia and cognition is a major unanswered challenge.
Data from <i>Mist1-Kras<sup>G12D</sup></i> Knock-In Mice Develop Mixed Differentiation Metastatic Exocrine Pancreatic Carcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Despite the prevalence of oncogenic &lt;i&gt;Kras&lt;/i&gt; mutations in the earliest stages of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the cellular compartment in which oncogenic &lt;i&gt;Kras&lt;/i&gt; initiates tumorigenesis remains unknown. To address this, we have gene targeted &lt;i&gt;Kras&lt;sup&gt;G12D&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; into the open reading frame of Mist1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is expressed during pancreatic development and required for proper pancreatic acinar organization. Although the pancreata of &lt;i&gt;Mist1&lt;sup&gt;KrasG12D/+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; mutant mice predictably exhibited acinar metaplasia and dysplasia, the frequent death of these mice from invasive and metastatic pancreatic cancer with mixed histologic characteristics, including acinar, cystic, and ductal features, was unexpected and in contrast to previously described mutant mice that ectopically expressed the &lt;i&gt;Kras&lt;/i&gt; oncogene in either acinar or ductal compartments. Interestingly, many of the mutant mice developed hepatocellular carcinoma, implicating &lt;i&gt;Mist1&lt;sup&gt;KrasG12D/+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; cells in both pancreatic and hepatic neoplasia. Concomitant &lt;i&gt;Trp53&lt;sup&gt;+/−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; mutation cooperated with &lt;i&gt;Mist1&lt;sup&gt;KrasG12D/+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; to accelerate lethality and was associated with advanced histopathologic findings, including parenchymal liver metastasis. These findings suggest that &lt;i&gt;Mist1&lt;/i&gt;-expressing cells represent a permissive compartment for transformation by oncogenic &lt;i&gt;Kras&lt;/i&gt; in pancreatic tumorigenesis. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(1): 242-7)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Self-Contained 28GHz CMOS SOI Power Amplifier for 5G communication (2017)

International audience
Effectiveness of adaptive supply voltage and body bias for reducing impact of parameter variations in low power and high performance microprocessors (2003)

Adaptive supply voltage as well as adaptive body bias may be used to control the frequency and leakage distribution of fabricated microprocessor dies. Test chip measurements show that adaptive V/sub CC/ is effective in reducing the impact of parameter variations on frequency, active power, and leakage power of microprocessors when 20 mV V/sub CC/ resolution is used. Using adaptive V/sub CC/ together with adaptive V/sub BS/ or within-die body bias is much more effective than using any of them individually.
Peptide‐Toxin Tools for Probing the Expression and Function of Fetal and Adult Subtypes of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (2008)

Although the neuromuscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is one of the most intensively studied ion channels in the nervous system, the differential roles of fetal and adult subtypes of the nAChR under normal and pathological conditions are still incompletely defined. Until recently, no pharmacological tools distinguished between fetal and adult subtypes. Waglerin toxins (from snake venom) and alphaA(S)-conotoxins (from cone-snail venom) have provided such tools. Because these peptides were characterized by different research groups using different methods, we have: 1) more extensively tested their subtype selectivity, and 2) begun to explore how these peptides may be used in concert to elucidate expression patterns and functions of fetal and adult nAChRs. In heterologous expression systems and native tissues, Waglerin-1 and an alphaA(S)-conotoxin analog, alphaA-OIVA[K15N], are high-affinity, highly selective inhibitors of the adult and fetal muscle nAChRs, respectively. We have used the peptides and their fluorescent derivatives to explore the expression and function of the fetal and adult nAChR subtypes. While fluorescent derivatives of these peptides indicated a gradual transition from fetal to adult muscle nAChRs in mice during the first 2 weeks postnatal, we unexpectedly observed a steeper transition in functional expression in the mouse diaphragm muscle using electrophysiology. As a toolkit of pharmacological agents with complementary specificity, alphaA-OIVA[K15N] and Waglerin-1 should have further utility in determining the roles of fetal and adult nAChR subtypes in development, in mature tissues, and under pathological conditions.
On the Design of Cable-Suspended Planar Parallel Robots (2004)

In this paper we present a workspace analysis methodology that can be applied for optimal design of cable-suspended planar parallel robots. The significant difference between regular parallel robots and cable-suspended parallel robots is that the cables in cable-suspended robots can only carry tension forces. The workspace of a planar cable robot is characterized as the set of points where a reference point of moving platform can reach with tensions in all suspension cables. In the design of cable-suspended parallel robots, the suspension points of the cables, size and shape of the moving platform are the design variables. The workspace area and global condition index are used as the objective functions to optimize the design parameters. The global condition index is a measure of isotropicity of the manipulator. The design variables are determined for different numbers of cables using both objective functions at a specified orientation and also at different orientations of moving platform. Experimental results to measure the workspace area demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
Inhibition of Collagenase by Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Marine Sources (2015)

Matrix metalloproteinases play an important role in extracellular matrix remodeling. Excessive activity of these enzymes can be induced by UV light and leads to skin damage, a process known as photoaging. In this study, we investigated the collagenase inhibition potential of mycosporine-like amino acids, compounds that have been isolated from marine organisms and are known photoprotectants against UV-A and UV-B. For this purpose, the commonly used collagenase assay was optimized and for the first time validated in terms of relationships between enzyme-substrate concentrations, temperature, incubation time, and enzyme stability. Three compounds were isolated from the marine red algae Porphyra sp. and Palmaria palmata, and evaluated for their inhibitory properties against Chlostridium histolyticum collagenase. A dose-dependent, but very moderate, inhibition was observed for all substances and IC50 values of 104.0 µM for shinorine, 105.9 µM for porphyra, and 158.9 µM for palythine were determined. Additionally, computer-aided docking models suggested that the mycosporine-like amino acids binding to the active site of the enzyme is a competitive inhibition.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Radiotherapy Increases the Permissiveness of Established Mammary Tumors to Rejection by Immunomodulatory Antibodies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 319K, Examination of the cellular mechanisms that contribute to the combined therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy and alpha-CD137/alpha-CD40 therapy in established 4T1.2 tumors&lt;/p&gt;
High‐Energy Density Dielectrics and Capacitors for Elevated Temperatures: Ca ( Zr , Ti ) O 3 (2013)

The Ca ( Zr 1− x Ti x ) O 3 ( CZT ) solid solution system is a linear dielectric that is of interest for high‐temperature power capacitor applications. This dielectric was synthesized by conventional solid‐state processes and prototyped into single‐layer CZT capacitors, which were fabricated with interdigitated electrodes cofired between dielectric layers ~10‐μm thick. The dielectric properties of these capacitors were extensively investigated as a function of Zr / Ti ratio on the CaZrO 3 side of the solid solution. The electrostatic energy density and breakdown strength of the CZT capacitors were investigated by measuring polarization–electric field curves as a function of temperature from room temperature to 250°C. The Ca ( Zr 0.80 Ti 0.20 ) O 3 capacitors show high electrostatic energy density of 4 J/cm 3 at 250°C. Highly accelerated life testing ( HALT ) was also performed on these dielectrics, and we quantified the thermal stimulated depolarization current ( TSDC ) to access the major point defects in the CZT system.