gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of a novel helical fan beam imaging system for computed tomography of the head and neck in sedated standing horses: 120 cases (2019–2020) (2022)

The helical fan beam CT system had fast scanning times and could be used safely for routine imaging of the teeth and sinuses in horses. The caudal extent of scanning in the neck region was limited by the shape of the horse's neck and thorax.
Differential alterations in plasma colony-stimulating factor concentrations in meningococcaemia (1995)

To determine whether circulating levels of any of the colony-stimulating factors (CSF) might contribute to the host response in severe sepsis, plasma concentrations of granulocyte CSF (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), and macrophage CSF (M-CSF) were measured by immunoassays in 20 subjects with meningococcaemia, a bloodstream infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, that has proven to be a valuable model to study the responses of other inflammatory mediators during sepsis and septic shock in humans. Plasma G-CSF concentrations were transiently elevated in most subjects during the early phase of meningococcaemia, and were higher in subjects with septic shock (mean +/- s.d. = 165 +/- 142 ng/ml, n = 9) compared with those who remained normotensive (mean +/- s.d. = 7 +/- 2 ng/ml, n = 10) (P < 0.05). Peak plasma G-CSF concentrations > 10 ng/ml were associated with the development of septic shock (P < 0.01), disseminated intravascular coagulation (P < 0.01), fulminant infection (P < 0.05), and a fatal outcome (P < 0.01). Plasma GM-CSF concentrations > 1 ng/ml were briefly present in subjects with life-threatening septic shock (1-15 ng/ml, n = 5), and were strongly associated with fulminant meningococcaemia (P < 0.01). Plasma M-CSF concentrations were marginally elevated in all subjects, but were not associated with complications related to or arising from sepsis-induced organ injury. This study demonstrates that plasma levels of G-CSF, GM-CSF and M-CSF show very different responses during meningococcaemia, changes which presumably reflect the different roles played by these mediators in sepsis and, potentially, in septic shock.
Mitragyna speciosa, A Psychoactive Tree from Southeast Asia with Opioid Activity (2011)

Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (Rubiaceae) is a tree that is commonly found in Southeast Asia. Leaves from this tree have been traditionally been used for both their stimulant properties as well as an opium substitute. The tree/leaves are currently illegal in four countries, but is currently legal and widely available in the United States. To date over 40 compounds have been isolated from the leaves. The major alkaloid found within the crude extract, mitragynine, has been the subject of many pharmacological studies. In addition to the pharmacological studies, two total syntheses of mitragynine have been published as well as general structure-activity relationships (SARs) with respect to opioid activity.
2‐Aminoquinazoline Inhibitors of Cyclin‐Dependent Kinases. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HYBRID ORGANIC-INORGANIC THIN FILMS VIA ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION FOR MEMS/NEMS (2008)

We report a hybrid atomic layer deposition (ALD) / molecular layer deposition (MLD) approach that produces a new class of hybrid organic-inorganic films. These novel films have very low densities, yet display typical ALD characteristics: controllable linear growth, conformality, low roughness, and uniform composition. The etch behavior of these materials indicates that they are completely removed in acidic solutions. Due to their low density and high carbon content, the new hybrid materials are promising as protective coatings and sacrificial layers in MEMS/NEMS devices.
Evaluation of nucleotide derivatives and sugar nucleotide analogs as inhibitors of glycosyltransferases (2000)

The inhibition of glycosyltransferases was studied using uridine monophosphate derivatives and uridine diphosphate sugar analogs. Modification in the nucleoside portion caused selective inhibition of glycosyltransferases.
DEVELOPMENT OF A REALISTIC MULTICOMPONENT FUEL EVAPORATION MODEL (2010)

An evaporation model for realistic multicomponent fuels is described. In the model a new approach, named the discrete/continuous multicomponent (DCMC) model, is used to describe the properties and composition of realistic multicomponent gasoline fuels. With this approach gasoline is assumed to consist of five discrete families of hydrocarbons: n-paraffins, i-paraffins, naphthenes, aromatics, and olefins. Each family of hydrocarbons is composed of an infinite number of continuous components, which are modeled as a probability density function (PDF), and the mass fraction of each family of hydrocarbons is represented by a PDF, and the mean and variance of each PDF are tracked. Compared with the discrete multicomponent model, which must model hundreds of components for gasoline, the DCMC model saves computer time. Compared with the continuous multicomponent model, the DCMC model has much higher accuracy. Unsteady evaporation of multicomponent fuel can be described for both normal and flash-boiling evaporation conditions. An unsteady internal heat flux model and a model for the determination of the droplet surface temperature were formulated. An approximate solution to the quasi-steady energy equation was used to derive an explicit expression for the heat flux from the surrounding gas to the droplet-gas interface, with interdiffusion of fuel vapor and the surrounding gas taken into account. The present DCMC evaporation model was implemented into a multidimensional computational fluid dynamics code and applied to calculate the evaporation processes of single- and multicomponent fuel droplets.
Dynamics of Quantum Dot Photonic Crystal Lasers (2007)

The large signal modulation rate of quantum dot photonic crystal lasers was investigated. The authors find that the modulation rate is limited by the rate of carrier capture into the dots to around 30GHz.
Mobility-Related Consequences of Reduced Lower-Extremity Peripheral Nerve Function with Age: A Systematic Review (2016)

The objective of this study is to systematically review the relationship between lower-extremity peripheral nerve function and mobility in older adults. The National Library of Medicine (PubMed) was searched on March 23, 2015 with no limits on publication dates. One reviewer selected original research studies of older adults (≥65 years) that assessed the relationship between lower-extremity peripheral nerve function and mobility-related outcomes. Participants, study design and methods of assessing peripheral nerve impairment were evaluated and results were reported and synthesized. Eight articles were identified, including 6 cross-sectional and 2 longitudinal studies. These articles investigated 6 elderly cohorts (4 from the U.S. and 2 from Italy): 3 community-dwelling (including 1 with only disabled women and 1 without mobility limitations at baseline), 1 with both community-dwelling and institutionalized residents, 1 from a range of residential locations, and 1 of patients with peripheral arterial disease. Mean ages ranged from 71-82 years. Nerve function was assessed by vibration threshold (n=2); sensory measures and clinical signs and symptoms of neuropathy (n=2); motor nerve conduction (n=1); and a combination of both sensory measures and motor nerve conduction (n=3). Each study found that worse peripheral nerve function was related to poor mobility, although relationships varied based on the nerve function measure and mobility domain assessed. Six studies found that the association between nerve function and mobility persisted despite adjustment for diabetes. Evidence suggests that peripheral nerve function impairment at various levels of severity is related to poor mobility independent of diabetes. Relationships varied depending on peripheral nerve measure, which may be particularly important when investigating specific biological mechanisms. Future research needs to identify risk factors for peripheral nerve decline beyond diabetes, especially those common in late-life and modifiable. Interventions to preserve nerve function should be investigated with regard to their effect on postponing or preventing disability in older adults.
Distributed Representation of Dish Names in Food Related Web Services for Associative Search and Nutrition Estimation (2017)

Food related web services, such as recipe websites and food journaling apps, are rapidly gaining popularity. Data from service providers and that generated by users often coexist in these services. Compared to the former, the latter, due to its randomness and lack of organization, is often difficult to incorporate into common service features like recommendation making and associative searching. This work addresses this problem by investigating the effectiveness of multiple text embedding methods in generating distributed representations of dish titles that accurately capture the concepts of the dishes which these titles are referring to. We evaluated the practical potential of these "food vectors" with a retrieval task and a nutrition estimation task, and concluded that a method based on word embedding and LSTM is most suited for these purposes.
A three‐dimensional multiphysics modeling of thin‐film amorphous silicon solar cells (2015)

Abstract A 3D multiphysics simulation toolbox for thin‐film amorphous silicon solar cells has been developed. The simulation is rigorous and is based on developing three modules: first to analyze light propagation using electromagnetic techniques, second to account for charge generation and transportation based on the physics of the semiconductor device, and third including electrode modeling by applying electrostatic techniques. Published results of a P‐I‐N thin‐film amorphous silicon solar cell fabricated on a thick glass and experimentally evaluated was used as a vehicle to validate our 3D multiphysics toolbox and demonstrate its capabilities. The toolbox utilizes COMSOL for solving the partial differential equations describing the three modules, and MATLAB to input data, control the solver, and provides the coupling between the three modules. The developed toolbox was used to investigate both the effect of embedding Metallic Nanoparticles ( MNP s) and the impact of defects on the external quantum efficiency. The simulator, besides being rigorous, is suitable to model various types of solar cells (organic, inorganic, thick film, thin film, heterojunction, or plasmonic) as well.
Evidence That the Peptidylprolyl Isomerase Domain of the hsp90-binding Immunophilin FKBP52 Is Involved in Both Dynein Interaction and Glucocorticoid Receptor Movement to the Nucleus (2001)

We have previously shown that immunoadsorption of the FKBP52 immunophilin component of steroid receptor.hsp90 heterocomplexes is accompanied by coadsorption of cytoplasmic dynein, a motor protein involved in retrograde transport of vesicles toward the nucleus. Coimmunoadsorption of dynein is competed by an expressed fragment of FKBP52 comprising its peptidylprolyl isomerase (PPIase) domain (Silverstein, A. M., Galigniana, M. D., Kanelakis, K. C., Radanyi, C., Renoir, J.-M., and Pratt, W. B. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 52, 36980-36986). Here we show that cotransfection of 3T3 cells with the FKBP52 PPIase domain and a green fluorescent protein (GFP) glucocorticoid receptor (GR) chimera inhibits dexamethasone-dependent movement of the GFP-GR from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Cotransfection with FKBP12 does not affect GFP-GR movement. Inhibition of movement by the FKBP52 PPIase domain is abrogated in cells treated with colcemid to eliminate microtubules prior to steroid addition. After withdrawal of colcemid, microtubules reform, and PPIase inhibition of GFP-GR movement is restored. These observations are consistent with the notion that FKBP52 targets retrograde movement of the GFP-GR along microtubules by linking the receptor to the dynein motor. Here, we also show that native GR.hsp90 heterocomplexes immunoadsorbed from L cell cytosol contain dynein and that GR.hsp90 heterocomplexes assembled in reticulocyte lysate contain cytoplasmic dynein in a manner that is competed by the PPIase domain of FKBP52.
Controlled Formation and Dynamic Wulff Simulation of Equilibrium Crystal Shapes of GaAs Pyramidal Structures on Nanopatterned Substrates (2010)

The formation of GaAs pyramidal structures on nanopatterned GaAs substrates and the evolution of associated equilibrium crystal shapes (ECS) are systematically studied and simulated. Three distinct types of ECS are observed with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), and they are defined by three crystal plane families including {11n}, {10n}, and (001). The controlled formation of these GaAs ECS is achieved through their growths in patterns of different opening diameters and under growth conditions of varying growth times and growth rates. Simulation results of the dynamic ECS model based on Wulff’s theory not only strongly resemble the GaAs pyramidal structures in the HRSEM images but also successfully demonstrate the evolution progress of the ECS formation.
Modelling combined virotherapy and immunotherapy: strengthening the antitumour immune response mediated by IL-12 and GM-CSF expression (2018)

Combined virotherapy and immunotherapy has been emerging as a promising and effective cancer treatment for some time. Intratumoural injections of an oncolytic virus instigate an immune reaction in the host, resulting in an influx of immune cells to the tumour site. Through combining an oncolytic viral vector with immunostimulatory cytokines an additional antitumour immune response can be initiated, whereby immune cells induce apoptosis in both uninfected and virus infected tumour cells. We develop a mathematical model to reproduce the experimental results for tumour growth under treatment with an oncolytic adenovirus co-expressing the immunostimulatory cytokines interleukin 12 (IL-12) and granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). By exploring heterogeneity in the immune cell stimulation by the treatment, we find a subset of the parameter space for the immune cell induced apoptosis rate, in which the treatment will be less effective in a short time period. Therefore, we believe the bivariate nature of treatment outcome, whereby tumours are either completely eradicated or grow unbounded, can be explained by heterogeneity in this immune characteristic. Furthermore, the model highlights the apparent presence of negative feedback in the helper T cell and APC stimulation dynamics, when IL-12 and GM-CSF are co-expressed as opposed to individually expressed by the viral vector.
Identification of multispecific organic anion transporter 2 expressed predominantly in the liver (1998)

In the present study, we demonstrate that NLT (novel liver-specific transport protein) is a multispecific organic anion transporter of the liver. The amino acid sequence of NLT shows 42% identity to that of the renal multispecific organic anion transporter, OAT1. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, NLT mediated uptake of organic anions, such as salicylate, acetylsalicylate, PGE2, dicarboxylates and p-aminohippurate. [14C]Salicylate uptake via NLT was saturable (Km = 88.8 +/- 23.4 microM) and sodium-independent. Expression of the mRNA of NLT was detected in the liver and kidney (liver >> kidney). We propose that NLT be renamed OAT2.
Selective intra-prediction Skip Algorithm for inter-frame coding in H.264/AVC (2009)

Inter-frame coding using inter- and intra-predictions plays an important role in achieving high compression efficiency in H.264/AVC. However, most intra-predictions are unnecessary, since the intra-coding mode occupies less than 5% of the overall coding in inter-frame coding. In this paper, we propose an intra mode skip algorithm for inter-frame coding in H.264/AVC as a means of obtaining fast intra mode decision. The algorithm uses the joint entropy (JE) and mutual information (MI) to extract the temporal correlations between the current block and the reconstructed block based on 8 × 8 motion estimation. All or part of the intra-prediction search is omitted by using JE and MI. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of reducing the overall coding time by 15-37% and the overall intra-prediction time by 32-78% compared to full search of the reference software, with negligible loss of quality.
Douglas Gordon : what have I done (2002)

This catalogue accompanies the first major solo exhibition in London for Douglas Gordon, one of the most prominent artists of his generation. The exhibition will include work not yet seen in this country alongside more familiar pieces such as 24 Hour Psycho, which first brought the artist to international attention, and which has so rapidly become a touchstone in recent contemporary art. Often epic in scale, Gordon's work encompasses film, photography, installation, text and sound. He uses both appropriated and original material to explore dichotomies such as fact and fiction, innocence and guilt, life and death, good and evil. This fully-illustrated catalogue includes an autobiography and a visual essay by Francis McKee.
No Free Charge Theorem: a Covert Channel via USB Charging Cable on\n Mobile Devices (2016)

More and more people are regularly using mobile and battery-powered handsets,\nsuch as smartphones and tablets. At the same time, thanks to the technological\ninnovation and to the high user demands, those devices are integrating\nextensive functionalities and developers are writing battery-draining apps,\nwhich results in a surge of energy consumption of these devices. This scenario\nleads many people to often look for opportunities to charge their devices at\npublic charging stations: the presence of such stations is already prominent\naround public areas such as hotels, shopping malls, airports, gyms and museums,\nand is expected to significantly grow in the future. While most of the time the\npower comes for free, there is no guarantee that the charging station is not\nmaliciously controlled by an adversary, with the intention to exfiltrate data\nfrom the devices that are connected to it.\n In this paper, we illustrate for the first time how an adversary could\nleverage a maliciously controlled charging station to exfiltrate data from the\nsmartphone via a USB charging cable (i.e., without using the data transfer\nfunctionality), controlling a simple app running on the device, and without\nrequiring any permission to be granted by the user to send data out of the\ndevice. We show the feasibility of the proposed attack through a prototype\nimplementation in Android, which is able to send out potentially sensitive\ninformation, such as IMEI, contacts' phone number, and pictures.\n
KinFitSim: a powerful kinetic simulator and mechanism fitting tool (2004)

The mathematical package for simulation of kinetic mechanisms and fitting experimental data (KinFitSim) is presented. The KinFitSim package consists of two major parts. The first part is the kinetic simulator (KS) featuring an advanced kinetic mechanism compilation algorithm and an automatic simulation procedure itself, and the second part is the fitting simulator (FS) for automated fitting of the simulated response of a chemical system with the experimental one.
Collision-Induced Dissociation (CID) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Abstract 4563: Local and abscopal effects in oncolytic virotherapy are boosted by immune checkpoint blockade, immunogenic chemotherapy, or IFNAR blockade (2017)

Abstract Athough the clinical efficacy of oncolytic viruses has been demonstrated for local treatment, the ability to induce immune-mediated regression of distant metastases is still poorly documented. We here report that an engineered oncolytic Vaccinia Virus, VVWR-TK-RR--Fcu1, is able to induce an immunogenic cell death and thus to generate a systemic immune response. Effect on tumor growth and survival is largely driven by CD8+ T-cells, and we could demonstrate that the immune cell infiltrate in the tumor could be reprogrammed towards a higher ratio of effector T-cells to regulatory CD4+ T-cells. The key role of the type 1-IFN pathway in oncolytic virotherapy was also highlighted, and we could show a strong abscopal response in Ifnar-/- tumors. In this model, the single administration of the virus directly into the tumors, on one flank, led to regression in the contralateral flank (i.e. opposite to the virus injection site). Moreover, we observed that these effects are further enhanced when the oncolytic treatment is combined with either immunogenic chemotherapy such as oxaliplatin, or with immune checkpoint blockers such as anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4. Altogether, these data suggest that local oncolytic virotherapy in patients with tumors altered in IFNAR signaling could increase immune-mediated abscopal regression of distant metastases. Citation Format: Laetitia Fend, Takahiro Yamazaki, Xavier Préville, Eric Quéméneur, Oliver Kepp, Julien Adam, Aurélien Marabelle, Jonathan Pitt, Guido Kroemer, Laurence Zitvogel. Local and abscopal effects in oncolytic virotherapy are boosted by immune checkpoint blockade, immunogenic chemotherapy, or IFNAR blockade [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4563. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4563
Support for the SPACE07 Experiment (2009)

Abstract : The Surface Processes and Acoustic Communications Experiment (SPACE07) was planned for the Air-Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT) which is part of WHOI's Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) in October 2007. This grant was originally planned to fund much of the work needed to prepare for, deploy, and recover the experiment. Due to legal issues that arose at ONR just days before the start of the experiment, the planned experiment was cancelled, equipment was demobilized and two subsequent experiments were planned and executed (RACE08 and SPACE08) in March and October 2008, respectively. This grant supported the engineering time required to execute these experiments, the acquisition, set up, and management of a large data server to distribute the huge volume of collected data to investigators at 18 different research groups, and prepare, deploy, and analyze the data from a broadband vertical backscatter sonar and adv turbulence array that were central to characterizing the small scale oceanography and surface conditions throughout the experiment. The experiments were very successful and have provided data sufficient to support several years of scientific and engineering research and development.