gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data Driven Approach for Language Model Adaptation using Stepwise Relative Entropy Minimization (2007)

The ability to build domain and task specific language models from large generic text corpora is of considerable interest to the language modeling community. One of the key challenges is to identify the relevant text material in the collection. The text selection problem can be cast in a semi-supervised learning framework. Motivated by recent advancements in semi-supervised learning which emphasize the need of balanced label assignments, we present a stepwise relative entropy minimization scheme which focuses on selection of a set of sentences instead of selecting sentences solely on their individual merit. Our results on the IBM European Parliament Plenary Speech (EPPS) transcription system, show significant performance improvement (0.5% on an 8.9% baseline), with just a seventh of the out-of-domain data. The IBM EPPS LVCSR system which has a 60K vocabulary is a particularly hard baseline for out-of-domain adaptation because of low WER with in-domain training data.
Stereospecific synthesis of trans-1,3-disubstituted-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-.beta.-carbolines (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific synthesis of trans-1,3-disubstituted-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-.beta.-carbolinesF. Ungemach, M. DiPierro, R. Weber, and J. M. CookCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 1, 164–168Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00314a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00314a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views556Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New ultra low ESR Mosaïc PICS capacitors for power conversion (2015)

This paper presents a new architecture of capacitive elements (MOSAIC), where the global capacitance is constructed out of a massive network of parallelized elementary cells. Electrical measurements in the RF domain are presented and show a very low ESR results combined with a high stability versus frequency up to hundreds of MHz. Being given that there is a trend towards higher frequencies for DC-DC converters and taking into account the electrical performances combined with the design flexibility, this paper demonstrates the benefits of using such Mosaic PICS capacitor for power conversion applications. These Mosaic trench capacitors could be a part of an IPDiA silicon interposer on top of which magnetic inductors and Power Management Integrated Circuits (PMIC) are flip chipped. Thick copper routing (up to 12μm) is used to connect the passive components to the PMIC.
Familial Pallister-Hall in adulthood. (2017)

Pallister Hall syndrome is autosomal dominant disorder usually diagnosed in infants and children. Current diagnostic criteria include presence of hypothalamic hamartoma, post axial polydactyly and positive family history, but the disease has variable manifestations. Herein we report Pallister Hall syndrome diagnosed in a family where both patients were adults. A 59 year old man developed seizures 4 years prior to our evaluation of him, at which time imaging showed a hypothalamic hamartoma. The seizures were controlled medically. He did well until he had visual changes after a traumatic head injury. Repeat MRI showed slight expansion of the mass with formal visual field testing demonstrating bitemporal hemianopsia. There was no evidence of pituitary dysfunction except for large urine volume. He underwent surgery to debulk the hamartoma and the visual field defects improved. There was no hypopituitarism post-operatively, and the polydyspia resolved. His 29 year old daughter also had seizures and hypothalamic hamartoma. Both patients had had polydactyly with prior surgical correction in childhood. The daughter underwent genetic testing, which revealed a previously undescribed heterozygous single base pair deletion in exon 13 of the GLI3 gene causing a frameshift mutation. Further investigation into family history revealed multiple members in previous generations with polydactyly and/or seizures. Pallister-Hall syndrome is caused by an inherited autosomal dominant or de novo mutation in GLI3 gene. This rare syndrome has not had prevalence defined, however. Generally, diagnoses are made in the pediatric population. Our report adds to the few cases detected in adulthood.
Investigation on Phase-Sensitive Fiber Nonlinearity Cancellation in Conjugated-Paired Radio-on-Fiber System (2016)

We clarify that fiber nonlinearity cancellation in the conjugated-paired radio-on-fiber system is a phase sensitive process. The best nonlinearity tolerance is achieved if the dual sidebands are constructively superposed during photonic down conversion.
Abstract 899: TMPRSS2:ERG urine test identifies Gleason score upgrading and significant prostate cancer (2011)

Abstract Objective: In men diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) at biopsy, a major challenge is correctly stratifying those with indolent versus significant PCa for treatment selection. The extent and grade of PCa is assessed in part based on standard risk factors, biopsy Gleason score (bx GS) and the number of positive biopsy cores. However, due to under-sampling at biopsy, upgrading in Gleason score is often seen from biopsy to prostatectomy. In this study we evaluated a TMPRSS2:ERG (T2:ERG) urine test for its ability to identify significant cancer and upgrading at prostatectomy. Methods: Post-DRE urine specimens were prospectively collected from 218 men referred for prostatectomy. T2:ERG mRNA copies were quantified using a transcription-mediated amplification assay and normalized to PSA mRNA copies to calculate a T2:ERG score. The prototype T2:ERG urine assay detects the gene fusion mRNA isoform TMPRSS2 exon 1 to ERG exon 4. T2:ERG score was correlated to prostatectomy Gleason score (px GS) and significant cancer as defined by the Epstein criteria at prostatectomy. Results: Of 185 men scheduled for radical prostatectomy, 61 had low risk of significant cancer based on having bx GS&amp;lt;6 and % positive biopsy cores&amp;lt;33%, yet upon prostatectomy, 57% of these men were found to harbor a significant PCa. The T2:ERG assay identified an additional 31% prostatectomy significant cancer in the biopsy low-risk disease cancer group. In a multivariate model, adding T2:ERG to bx GS and % positive cores significantly increased the accuracy for predicting significant PCa at prostatectomy from 0.84 to 0.89 (p=0.0002). Sensitivity increased by 8% for detecting prostatectomy significant cancer when T2:ERG was added to these biopsy criteria (sens/spec=85%/87% vs 77%/87%). T2:ERG also significantly correlated with Gleason score upgrading from biopsy to prostatectomy (bx GS/px GS = 6/ 6 vs bx GS/px GS = 6/&amp;gt;7, p = 0.0076). At biopsy, 70 men were found to have low-grade cancer (bx GS&amp;lt;6), but upon prostatectomy, upgrading was seen in 50% of these men. T2:ERG was able to identify 40% of men with bx GS&amp;lt;6 that were later upgraded. Conclusions: A T2:ERG urine test may help identify significant cancers and Gleason score upgrading, and increase predictive accuracy when used in combination with currently available methods. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 899. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-899
[4+2] Cycloaddition of 2-Substituted 1,2-Dihydropyridines with Nitrosobenzene:  Asymmetric Synthesis of trans-2-Substituted 3-Amino-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines (2005)

[reaction: see text] A new methodology for the stereoselective synthesis of trans-2-substituted 3-amino-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines is reported. The preparation of these 3-aminopiperidines is achieved by cycloaddition of nitrosobenzene with 2-substituted 1,2-dihydropyridines followed by chemoselective reduction of the cycloadducts. Enantioenriched 1,2-dihydropyridine derivatives are easily prepared from pyridine and a chiral amide following a previous report from our laboratories. Moreover, the in situ hydrogenation of these cycloadducts over palladium in a solution of hydrogen chloride in methanol led to tetrahydropyrroloimidazoles.
Genetics of Dizygotic Twinning: A Feasibility Study for a Biobank (2004)

To locate the genes that make a substantial contribution to variation in natural dizygotic twinning in humans, large-scale studies are needed. New studies should not stop at DNA genotyping, but collect material that allow gene-expression analysis, transcriptomics, proteomics and endocrinology. In this article we describe a pilot study to examine the feasibility, effectiveness and logistics of large-scale nationwide sample collection in Dutch families in which two or more sisters have given birth to spontaneous dizygotic twins. Pedigree data and addresses from family members of proband mothers were collected by telephone. Blood and urine samples were collected during a home visit, and handled in the afternoon. All participants were bled between 7 a.m. and 10 a.m. after overnight fasting. Blood samples of fertile women with a natural cycle were collected on the second, third or fourth day of their menstrual cycle. The effects of transportation and storage on blood quality, lipids, RNA with and without challenge, lymphocytes and other parameters were examined. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood and cells were immortalized using Epstein–Barr virus. In 78.6% of the women with a natural cycle blood samples were collected on the second, third or fourth day of the menstrual cycle. This percentage is likely to increase with the more dense geographical distribution of participants in the larger population. We conclude that the pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of this protocol to collect good quality of plasma, DNA, RNA and lymphocyte samples by home visits.
CAST: Character labeling in Animation using Self-supervision by Tracking (2022)

Cartoons and animation domain videos have very different characteristics compared to real-life images and videos. In addition, this domain carries a large variability in styles. Current computer vision and deep-learning solutions often fail on animated content because they were trained on natural images. In this paper we present a method to refine a semantic representation suitable for specific animated content. We first train a neural network on a large-scale set of animation videos and use the mapping to deep features as an embedding space. Next, we use self-supervision to refine the representation for any specific animation style by gathering many examples of animated characters in this style, using a multi-object tracking. These examples are used to define triplets for contrastive loss training. The refined semantic space allows better clustering of animated characters even when they have diverse manifestations. Using this space we can build dictionaries of characters in an animation videos, and define specialized classifiers for specific stylistic content (e.g., characters in a specific animation series) with very little user effort. These classifiers are the basis for automatically labeling characters in animation videos. We present results on a collection of characters in a variety of animation styles.
Development of 6H-SiC CMOS Transistors for Insertion into a 350 deg C Operational Amplifier (1992)

Abstract : Wafers with epitaxial layers have been grown for both n-channel and p-channel 6H-SiC MOSFETs. The device fabrication for each of these devices has been initiated and is on-going. Both types of devices will utilize ion implanted source and drain wells and will have molybdenum gate contacts that overlap the implanted wells. The same interdigitated mask design will be used for both of the devices. Eight wafers for p-channel devices are being held until the first batch of these devices is completed. Device parameter measurements have been made on n-channel MOSFET devices that were fabricated prior to this contract. These parameters will be used to simulate circuits using Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE). Three approaches have been examined for designing circuit using both NMOS and PMOS transistors in a complementary design. These include a hybrid approach that uses NMOS and PMOS devices fabricated on separate wafers, a shared substrate approach that uses an enhancement-mode PMOS device and a depletion-mode NMOS device, and a traditional single substrate CMOS approach utilizing PMOS and NMOS devices that both operate in enhancement-mode.
Dynamometer control for emulation of mechanical loads (2002)

In this paper, a test facility which is capable of the electronic emulation of dynamic mechanical loads is presented. The primary objective of such a facility is to provide an aid to the testing and commissioning of modern commercial three-phase AC variable speed inverter drives. The experimental test facility comprises a 'DC dynamometer' capable of emulating both linear and nonlinear dynamic mechanical load systems. A detailed description of the control structure employed to create the load emulation is developed. The limitation of practical microprocessor implementation of the control scheme and the restriction that, in order to maintain a flexible test facility, the scheme should operate with no direct measure of torque are explored. The paper also outlines the hardware structure of the experimental rig and experimental results showing good emulation for both linear and nonlinear loads are presented. Operation of the test facility is illustrated with a commissioning example, in which a passenger lift system is emulated, and a test example in which an inverter is tested under a high starting load.
Alternative information Web for visually impaired users in developing countries (2010)

Websites in the World Wide Web are primarily meant for visual consumption. Accessibility tools such as screen readers that render the visual content in audio format enable the visually impaired to access information on websites. Despite standards that are available to make websites more amenable for screen reading software, not many website authors embed the required metadata information that feeds into such tools. Moreover, the wide variety of visual controls available makes it more difficult to interpret websites with screen readers. This problem of accessing information and services on the Web escalates even further for visually impaired users in developing regions, since they are either semiliterate or illiterate or cannot afford computers and high-end phones with screen-reading capability. In this paper, we present an alternative platform: the World Wide Telecom Web (WWTW), which can be used for delivering information and services to the visually impaired. WWTW is a network of VoiceSites that can be created and accessed by voice interaction over an ordinary phone. We present user studies that demonstrate that using applications on the Telecom Web does not require extensive training. The study leads us to believe that the Telecom Web can be the mainstream Web for blind users, particularly in developing countries.
CETT: A cross layer routing metric for cooperative wireless Ad hoc networks (2009)

Cooperative link layer protocols are typically used in single hop networks to enhance the link layer capabilities using a special node, called relay. In multi-hop networks, a frame is sent from an original source to the final destination through a series of intermediate nodes. The performance benefits of cooperation at link layer can be channeled into multi-hop networks as well. This paper addresses the challenge in finding multi-hop routes accounting for relays at the link layer by proposing the cooperative expected transmission time (CETT) metric. CETT is used to compute the route, i.e., the sequence of intermediate nodes in terms of the minimum end-to-end average transmission time taking into account the cooperative nature of the link layer.
Excited states of surfaces and nanostructures in the VUV (Invited Paper) (2005)

This paper reports on progress in the VUV spectroscopy of surfaces and nanostructures, as facilitated by two experimental innovations. In Scanning Probe Energy Loss Spectroscopy (SPELS) electrons backscattered from the tipsurface junction are detected when an STM tip is operated in field emission mode. Energy loss features in the range 1300 eV have been observed, corresponding to optical absorption spectra from the IR through to the VUV and X-ray regions. Recent data suggests in addition that SPELS can record local secondary electron emission spectra. SPELS offers <i>spatial</i> resolution on the 10 nm scale. High Harmonic Generation (HHG) of VUV light provides a complementary probe of the excited states of surfaces and nanostructures, offering a <i>temporal</i> resolution of order 100 fs or below. The utility of the High Harmonic source is demonstrated by an investigation of the visible fluorescence from thin films of passivated CdSe nanocrystals, as a function of excitation energy, decay time and temperature, which thus emerge as new scintillators for VUV applications.
A spatiotemporal decomposition strategy for personal home video management (2007)

With the advent and proliferation of low cost and high performance digital video recorder devices, an increasing number of personal home video clips are recorded and stored by the consumers. Compared to image data, video data is lager in size and richer in multimedia content. Efficient access to video content is expected to be more challenging than image mining. Previously, we have developed a content-based image retrieval system and the benchmarking framework for personal images. In this paper, we extend our personal image retrieval system to include personal home video clips. A possible initial solution to video mining is to represent video clips by a set of key frames extracted from them thus converting the problem into an image search one. Here we report that a careful selection of key frames may improve the retrieval accuracy. However, because video also has temporal dimension, its key frame representation is inherently limited. The use of temporal information can give us better representation for video content at semantic object and concept levels than image-only based representation. In this paper we propose a bottom-up framework to combine interest point tracking, image segmentation and motion-shape factorization to decompose the video into spatiotemporal regions. We show an example application of activity concept detection using the trajectories extracted from the spatio-temporal regions. The proposed approach shows good potential for concise representation and indexing of objects and their motion in real-life consumer video.
Androgen Receptor Gene Aberrations in Circulating Cell-Free DNA: Biomarkers of Therapeutic Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2015)

AR gene aberrations in cfDNA are associated with resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone in mCRPC. Our data illustrate that genomic analysis of cfDNA is a minimally invasive method for interrogating mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in mCRPC.
Modulation of mean luminance improves binocular balance across spatial frequencies in amblyopia (2022)

Amblyopia is a visual impairment that perturbs binocular balance at high spatial frequencies in favor of the fellow eye. Studies reveal that amblyopes who had been treated with monocular therapies still show imbalance. Binocular balance is achieved when both eyes' inputs are weighed equally. A reduced light can diminish the dimmed eye's weight in binocular combination. In this study, we examined if binocular balance across spatial frequencies could be improved by reducing the luminance of the fellow eye in adult amblyopes. By doing so, we relieved their binocular imbalance across spatial frequencies. Also, normal observers showed amblyopic binocular imbalance when the dominant eye's light level was dimmed. Therefore, reducing the luminance in the unaffected eye in amblyopia mitigated the binocular imbalance, whereas doing so in normal adults simulated the amblyopic imbalance across spatial frequencies.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Patients with Slowly Proliferative Early Breast Cancer Have Low Five-Year Recurrence Rates in a Phase III Adjuvant Trial of Capecitabine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S2: Distribution of central Ki-67 scores in (A) ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer (n=824) and (B) TNBC (n=454)&lt;/p&gt;
Spectrometric Evidence for the Flavin−1-Phenylcyclopropylamine Inactivator Adduct with Monoamine Oxidase N (2001)

1-Phenylcyclopropylamine (1-PCPA) is shown to be an inactivator of the fungal flavoenzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) N. Inactivation results in an increase in absorbance at 410 nm and is accompanied by the concomitant loss of the flavin absorption band at 458 nm. The spectral properties of the covalent adduct formed between the flavin cofactor of MAO N and 1-PCPA are similar to those reported for the irreversible inactivation product formed with 1-PCPA and mammalian mitochondrial monoamine oxidase B [Silverman, R. B., and Zieske, P. A. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 2128-2138]. There is a hypsochromic shift of the 410 nm band upon lowering the pH to 2, indicating that an N(5)-flavin adduct formed upon inactivation. Use of the fungal enzyme, MAO N, which lacks the covalent attachment to the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor present in the mammalian forms MAO A and MAO B, has allowed for the isolation and further structural identification of the flavin-inactivator adduct. The incorporation of two (13)C labels into the inactivator, [2,3-(13)C(2)]-1-PCPA, followed by analysis using on-line liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, provided a means to explore the structure of the flavin-inactivator adduct of MAO N. The spectral evidence supports covalent attachment of the 1-PCPA inactivator to the cofactor as N(5)-3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl-FAD.