gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interpreting the structural and electrochemical complexity of 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMO2electrodes for lithium batteries (M = Mn0.5−xNi0.5−xCo2x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) (2007)

The structural and electrochemical features of layered 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMO2 electrodes, in which M = Mn0.5−xNi0.5−xCo2x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5), have been studied by powder X-ray diffraction, electrochemical differential-capacity measurements, 7Li magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. Li2MnO3-like regions in the as-prepared samples were observed for all values of x, with transition-metal cation disorder between the LiMO2 and Li2MnO3 components increasing with cobalt content (i.e., the value of x). The structural disorder and complexity of the electrochemical redox reactions increase when the Li2MnO3-like regions within the electrode are activated to 4.6 V in lithium cells; interpretations of structural and electrochemical phenomena are provided.
Boosting of cellular and humoral immune responses to HPV16/18 antigens by VGX-3100: A follow-on phase I trial. (2014)

3101 Background: Despite the development of highly effective prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, prevention of cervical dysplasia and cancer in women infected with high-risk HPV types remains an unmet medical need. We have previously reported data from a phase 1 dose escalation study for a therapeutic HPV16/18 vaccine, VGX-3100, delivered by in vivo electroporation (EP). Immunization in that study drove seroconversion as gauged by ELISA to at least one vaccine antigen in 100% of patients while 78% mounted an Interferon Gamma (IFNg)ELISpot response to the vaccine antigens.. Methods: Of the 18 patients enrolled in that trial, 13 were rolled into a second phase 1 immunogenicity trial entailing a single 6.0mg boost of VGX-3100 administered using EP. Results: Increases in immune reactivity following the boost were noted, as eleven patients showed boost-driven increases in ELISA titers and the mean ELISpot magnitude increased by at least 2-fold in seven patients irrespective of the dose of VGX-3100 they received in the first clinical trial. Additional Flow Cytometric analyses of cellular responses revealed increased HPV specific IFNg and TNFa production as compared to prior to the boost (0.34% to 0.57% and 0.27% to 0.60%, respectively) with contribution from both the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell compartments. Additionally, HPV specific CD8+ T cells expressing Fas Ligand concomitantly with either cytokine or the degranulation marker CD107a increased from 0.19% to 0.28% following the boost. Employment of staining for the activation marker CD137 (41BB) showed that patient CD8+ T cells continued to activate efficiently in response to HPV antigens following the boost, including a statistically significant increase in co-expression of Granzyme B and Perforin within the activated T cell subset (p=0.026). Conclusions: Taken together these data suggest that immunization with VGX-3100 drives immune responses that have the ability to be further boosted by additional administrations. Current studies are underway in an untreated HPV 16/18 associated CIN2/3 setting to assess whether these significant immune responses can translate into clinically effective treatment options to surgery. Clinical trial information: NCT01188850.
Risk Factors Associated With Incomplete Colonoscopy Based on the Analysis of Computed Tomographic Colonography Findings (2018)

High BMI larger diameter of sigmoid colon was associated with incomplete colonoscopy based on CTC.
Smaller right pulmonary artery is associated with longer survival time without scimitar vein repair (2021)

APC occlusion improves the clinical status of young and hemodynamically unstable patients. Repair at an early age is associated with an increased risk of scimitar vein stenosis. Scimitar vein repair might be avoided in patients with a smaller right pulmonary artery.
An integrated, crystalline organic waveguide-coupled InGaAs photodetector (1997)

We describe a novel, integrated organic-inorganic waveguide/photodetector with an internal quantum efficiency of (53/spl plusmn/15%). Low-loss (2.7/spl plusmn/0.3 dB/cm at /spl lambda/=1.064 μm for 10-μm wide waveguides) crystalline organic waveguides are grown directly onto the pre-processed InGaAs photodetector by organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD) without affecting either the dark current or capacitance of the photodiode. The polarization-preserving nature of the waveguides suggests that a patterned substrate significantly influences the organic molecular orientation during vacuum deposition.
The Pierre Auger Observatory I: The Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum and Related Measurements (2011)

Abstract Not Provided
Breakdown of similarity between momentum and energy transfer in a stagnation-region with free-stream turbulence (2006)

A direct numerical simulation of turbulent stagnation-region heat transfer with free-stream turbulence is performed. The temperature field in the 'damping' regime is mildly disturbed and that in the 'attached amplifying' regime is organised. In the 'detached amplifying' regime, the temperature field becomes turbulent. The temperature field is stretched in the x direction near the wall. The surface contours reveal that the temperature field is influenced significantly by streamwise vorticity. The enhancement of wall heat transfer by free-stream turbulence is similar to that in the previous results of the organised inflow disturbances. This indicates that the effect of large-scale eddies on the enhancement of wall heat transfer is important in the turbulent stagnation-region heat transfer. The breakdown of similarity between momentum and energy transfers in the stagnation-region with free-stream turbulence is analysed. The wall blocking and the pressure fluctuations are found to be responsible for the dissimilarity.
Low Complexity Symbol-Level Design for Linear Precoding Systems (2017)

The practical utilization of the symbol-level precoding in MIMO systems is challenging since the implementation of the sophisticated optimization algorithms must be done with reasonable computational resources. In the real implementation of MIMO precoding systems, the processing time for each set of symbols is a crucial parameter, especially in the high-throughput mode. In this work, a symbol-level optimization algorithm with reduced complexity is devised. Performance of a symbol-level precoder is shown to improve in terms of the processing times per set of symbols.
Optical Logic With Gain: Photonic Crystal Nanocavity Switches (2007)

Abstract : In this final report, we will describe the experimental results and new design concepts that we have developed over the past 3 years. We compare several approaches that take advantage of the addition of gain to optical logic system, and describe methods for electronic control over that gain. Moreover, we show several strategies of introducing optical gain into complex all optical logic systems and explore the ultimate operational speed of these switches. It is generally desirable to miniaturize optical logic system in order to enable their integration in large numbers, and the approaches taken during this project have been focused on lithographically connected devices that can be readily miniaturized and integrated in large numbers.
Characterization of the antiallodynic efficacy of morphine in a model of neuropathic pain in rats (1995)

Neuropathic pains have often been classified as opioid resistant. Here, the ability of systemic (i.p.), intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intrathecal (i.th.) morphine to inhibit mechanical allodynia were studied in a nerve ligation (L5, L6 nerve roots) model of neuropathic pain in rats. Morphine administered i.p. or i.c.v. produced dose-dependent antiallodynia which was readily antagonized by naloxone (5 mg kg-1, i.p. at -10 min). In contrast, i.th. morphine at doses up to 100 micrograms was without effect. These data suggest that the failure of i.th. morphine to produce antiallodynic effects may be due, in part, to the lack of available functional spinal opioid mu-receptors which may occur following nerve injury. In contrast, the antiallodynic actions of i.p. or i.c.v. morphine appear to depend on supraspinal activation of opioid (mu?) receptors and subsequent activation of descending modulatory systems. The inconsistent data seen clinically with morphine in neuropathic pains may be related to the lack of supraspinal/spinal synergy that is normally associated with morphine efficacy in conditions of acute pain.
REFORMULATION OF COAL-DERIVED TRANSPORTATION FUELS: SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE ON METAL FOAM CATALYSTS (2003)

Uses for structured catalytic supports, such as ceramic straight-channel monoliths and ceramic foams, have been established for a long time. One of the most prominent examples is the washcoated ceramic monolith as a three-way catalytic converter for gasoline-powered automobiles. A distinct alternative to the ceramic monolith is the metal foam, with potential use in fuel cell-powered automobiles. The metal foams are characterized by their pores per inch (ppi) and density ({rho}). In previous research, using 5 wt% platinum (Pt) and 0.5 wt% iron (Fe) catalysts, washcoated metal foams, 5.08 cm in length and 2.54 cm in diameter, of both varying and similar ppi and {rho} were tested for their activity (X{sub CO}) and selectivity (S{sub CO}) on a CO preferential oxidation (PROX) reaction in the presence of a H{sub 2}-rich gas stream. The variances in these metal foams' activity and selectivity were much larger than expected. Other structured supports with 5 wt% Pt, 0-1 wt% Fe weight loading were also examined. A theory for this phenomenon states that even though these structured supports have a similar nominal catalyst weight loading, only a certain percentage of the Pt/Fe catalyst is exposed on the surface as an active site for CO adsorption. We will use two techniques, pulse chemisorption and temperature programmed desorption (TPD), to characterize our structured supports. Active metal count, metal dispersion, and other calculations will help clarify the causes for the activity and selectivity variations between the supports. Results on ceramic monoliths show that a higher Fe loading yields a lower dispersion, potentially because of Fe inhibition of the Pt surface for CO adsorption. This theory is used to explain the reason for activity and selectivity differences for varying ppi and {rho} metal foams; less active and selective metal foams have a lower Fe loading, which justifies their higher metal dispersion. Data on the CO desorption temperature and average metal crystallite size for TPD are also collected.
Time-Varying Matching Networks for Signal-Centric Systems (2007)

A time-varying matching network is proposed for signal-centric systems. This matching network achieves significantly higher bandwidth than conventional designs with the same circuit topology and complexity. This is achieved by exploiting information about the incident pulse. Time-varying elements control the initial conditions of the reactive components so that excellent matching is obtained over a very wide frequency range. In particular, experimental and theoretical results show that a single-stage LC ladder with one single-pole double-through switch achieves a nearly perfect match with negligible dispersion for a monocycle with a 10:1 10-dB bandwidth. Unlike conventional matching networks, time-varying designs are not limited by Bode-Fano gain-bandwidth restrictions, but only by the nonidealities of their circuit components. Moreover, it is experimentally shown that tunable time-varying designs reduce the reflected energy by 40%-45% and improve the transmitted energy efficiency of the same monocycles by 20%-25% compared to conventional tunable designs of the same complexity.
Facile synthesis and characterization of γ-Al2O3 loaded on reduced graphene oxide for electrochemical reduction of CO2 (2022)

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to valuable organic compounds and fuels using energy efficient techniques is presently of great importance. In this work, we report Al 2 O 3 -decorated reduced graphene oxide electrocatalysts for the conversion of CO 2 into formate.
Planar Near-Field Electric Field Sensor Array Applications Facilitated by Neural Networks (2021)

Electrical capacitance tomography is employed for various process tomography applications, typically with circular imaging regions (e.g., to estimate fluid levels in plastic pipes). Typical state-of-the-art implementations focus on circular or cylindrical sensor arrays. In contrast, this research explores using a planar 2D array of electric-field sensors to image volumes composed of various dielectric materials. The array is designed to be used with very-low-frequency electric fields, which are desirable due to their ability to differentiate between various non-conducting objects. D-dot sensors (i.e., charge induction sensors) are used as the electric-field sensing element. In this research, imaging regions of interest are modeled as a composition of (25 cm) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> voxels of dielectric material with randomized relative permittivities. Neural networks are utilized as the inversion algorithm to map measured E-field distortions to the voxels’ relative permittivities. Three applications are explored in a simulated environment: 1) predicting relative permittivities of the entire (pseudo-3D) imaging region from one measurement of electric-field distortions (modeled in free space), 2) imaging regions arbitrarily large (in two dimensions) using the planar array as an imaging kernel, and 3) repeating application (1) in a model of a practical, real-world imaging scenario both with and without interfering material. Application (3) is performed with a real-world experimental setup using a room-sized “E-field Cage” meant to generate a uniform electric field. This work showcases a new electric-field imaging modality using a planar 2D D-dot sensor array paired with a DNN-based inversion algorithm.
Localization and structural analysis of a conserved pyruvylated epitope in Bacillus anthracis secondary cell wall polysaccharides and characterization of the galactose-deficient wall polysaccharide from avirulent B. anthracis CDC 684 (2012)

Bacillus anthracis CDC 684 is a naturally occurring, avirulent variant and close relative of the highly pathogenic B. anthracis Vollum. Bacillus anthracis CDC 684 contains both virulence plasmids, pXO1 and pXO2, yet is non-pathogenic in animal models, prompting closer scrutiny of the molecular basis of attenuation. We structurally characterized the secondary cell wall polysaccharide (SCWP) of B. anthracis CDC 684 (Ba684) using chemical and NMR spectroscopy analysis. The SCWP consists of a HexNAc trisaccharide backbone having identical structure as that of B. anthracis Pasteur, Sterne and Ames, →4)-β-d-ManpNAc-(1 → 4)-β-d-GlcpNAc-(1 → 6)-α-d-GlcpNAc-(1→. Remarkably, although the backbone is fully polymerized, the SCWP is the devoid of all galactosyl side residues, a feature which normally comprises 50% of the glycosyl residues on the highly galactosylated SCWPs from pathogenic strains. This observation highlights the role of defective wall assembly in virulence and indicates that polymerization occurs independently of galactose side residue attachment. Of particular interest, the polymerized Ba684 backbone retains the substoichiometric pyruvate acetal, O-acetate and amino group modifications found on SCWPs from normal B. anthracis strains, and immunofluorescence analysis confirms that SCWP expression coincides with the ability to bind the surface layer homology (SLH) domain containing S-layer protein extractable antigen-1. Pyruvate was previously demonstrated as part of a conserved epitope, mediating SLH-domain protein attachment to the underlying peptidoglycan layer. We find that a single repeating unit, located at the distal (non-reducing) end of the Ba684 SCWP, is structurally modified and that this modification is present in identical manner in the SCWPs of normal B. anthracis strains. These polysaccharides terminate in the sequence: (S)-4,6-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)-β-d-ManpNAc-(1 → 4)-[3-O-acetyl]-β-d-GlcpNAc-(1 → 6)-α-d-GlcpNH(2)-(1→.
iWISE: Inter-router Wireless Scalable Express Channels for Network-on-Chips (NoCs) Architecture (2011)

Network-on-Chips (NoCs) paradigm is fast becoming a defacto standard for designing communication infrastructure for multicores with the dual goals of reducing power consumption while improving performance. However, research has shown that power consumption and wiring complexity will be two of the major constraints that will hinder the growth of future NoCs architecture. This has resulted in the investigation of emerging technologies and devices to alleviate the power and performance bottleneck in NoCs. In this paper, we propose iWISE, an inter-router wireless scalable express channels for NoCs architecture that minimizes the power consumption via hybrid wireless communication channels, reduces the area overhead with smaller routers and shared buffers, and improves performance by minimizing the hop count. We compared our network to leading electrical and wireless topologies such as mesh, concentrated mesh, flattened butterfly and other wireless hybrid topologies. Our simulation results on real applications such as Splash-2, PARSEC, and SPEC2006 for 64 core architectures indicate that we save 2X power and 2X area while improving performance significantly. We show that iWISE can be further scaled to 256 cores while achieving a 2.5X performance increase and saving of 2X power when compared to other wireless networks on synthetic workloads.
Precision Targeting of the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Mechanism Increases Efficacy of Fibrinolytic Therapy in Empyema (2020)

Abstract Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an endogenous irreversible inhibitor of tissue-type (tPA) and urokinase (uPA) plasminogen activators. PAI-1-targeted fibrinolytic therapy (PAI-1-TFT) is designed to decrease the therapeutic dose of tPA and uPA to attenuate the risk of bleeding and other complications. The docking site peptide (DSP) is a part of the PAI-1 reactive center loop, which interacts with plasminogen activators, thus affecting the PAI-1 mechanism. We used DSP for PAI-1-TFT in two rabbit models: chemically-induced pleural injury and Streptococcus pneumoniae induced empyema. PAI-1-TFT with DSP combined with single chain uPA or tPA resulted in an up to 8-fold decrease in the minimal effective therapeutic dose of plasminogen activator and induced no bleeding. An increase in the level of PAI-1 in infectious pleural injury, when compared to chemically-induced injury, coincided with an increase in the minimal effective dose of plasminogen activator and DSP. PAI-1 is a valid molecular target in S. pneumoniae empyema model in rabbits, which closely recapitulates key characteristics of empyema in humans. Low dose PAI-1-TFT is a novel precise interventional strategy that may improve fibrinolytic therapy of empyema in clinical practice.
Current Landscape of Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer (2019)

It is anticipated that combination therapy strategies will be the way forward for immunotherapy in breast cancer, with an improved understanding of tumor, microenvironment, and host factors informing treatment combination decisions. Thoughtful study design incorporating appropriate end points and correlative studies will be critical in identifying optimal strategies for enhancing the immune response against breast tumors.
Bisphenol A Induces Superfeminization in the Ramshorn Snail (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations (2005)

Previous investigations have shown that bisphenol A (BPA) induces a superfeminization syndrome in the freshwater snail Marisa cornuarietis at concentrations as low as 1 microg/L. Superfemales are characterized by the formation of additional female organs, enlarged accessory sex glands, gross malformations of the pallial oviduct, and a stimulation of egg and clutch production, resulting in increased female mortality. However, these studies were challenged on the basis of incomplete experimentation. Therefore, the objective of the current approach was to bridge several gaps in knowledge by conducting additional experiments. In an initial series of experiments, study results from the reproductive phase of the snails were evaluated in the sub-micrograms per liter range. Before and after the spawning season, superfemale responses were observed [NOEC (no observed effect concentration) 7.9 ng/L, EC10 (effective concentration at 10%) 13.9 ng/L], which were absent during the spawning season. A further experiment investigated the temperature dependence of BPA responses by exposing snails at two temperatures in parallel. The adverse effect of BPA was at least partially masked at 27 degrees C (EC10 998 ng/L) when compared with 20 degrees C (EC10 14.8 ng/L). In M. cornuarietis, BPA acts as an estrogen receptor (ER) agonist, because effects were completely antagonized by a co-exposure to tamoxifen and Faslodex. Antiandrogenic effects of BPA, such as a significant decrease in penis length at 20 degrees C, were also observed. Competitive receptor displacement experiments indicate the presence of androgen- and estrogen-specific binding sites. The affinity for BPA of the estrogen binding sites in M. cornuarietis is higher than that of the ER in aquatic vertebrates. The results emphasize that prosobranchs are affected by BPA at lower concentrations than are other wildlife groups, and the findings also highlight the importance of exposure conditions.
Characterization of the Nuclear Localization and Nuclear Export Signals of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 VP22 (2005)

The bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) tegument protein VP22 is predominantly localized in the nucleus after viral infection. To analyze subcellular localization in the absence of other viral proteins, a plasmid expressing BHV-1 VP22 fused to enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) was constructed. The transient expression of VP22 fused to EYFP in COS-7 cells confirmed the predominant nuclear localization of VP22. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of VP22 revealed that it does not have a classical nuclear localization signal (NLS). However, by constructing a series of deletion derivatives, we mapped the nuclear targeting domain of BHV-1 VP22 to amino acids (aa) 121 to 139. Furthermore, a 4-aa motif, 130PRPR133, was able to direct EYFP and an EYFP dimer (dEYFP) or trimer (tEYFP) predominantly into the nucleus, whereas a deletion or mutation of this arginine-rich motif abrogated the nuclear localization property of VP22. Thus, 130PRPR133 is a functional nonclassical NLS. Since we observed that the C-terminal 68 aa of VP22 mediated the cytoplasmic localization of EYFP, an analysis was performed on these C-terminal amino acid sequences, and a leucine-rich motif, 204LDRMLKSAAIRIL216, was detected. Replacement of the leucines in this putative nuclear export signal (NES) with neutral amino acids resulted in an exclusive nuclear localization of VP22. Furthermore, this motif was able to localize EYFP and dEYFP in the cytoplasm, and the nuclear export function of this NES could be blocked by leptomycin B. This demonstrates that this leucine-rich motif is a functional NES. These data represent the first identification of a functional NLS and NES in a herpesvirus VP22 homologue.
Unilateral Cervical Facet Dislocation: Injury Mechanism and Biomechanical Consequences (2002)

Unilateral facet dislocation without fracture can be created with moderate loads when axial torque is applied while the facet is distracted. The spine is stable while the articular masses are locked unilaterally; however, the motion segment becomes overtly unstable after the facet dislocation is reduced.