gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward a Definition of “Hypersexuality” in Children and Adolescents (2012)

Recent psychiatric literature has used the term "hypersexuality" to denote pathologically increased sexual behavior in children and adolescents. Various patterns of increased sexuality have been described in youth, including sexuality that is excessive, developmentally precocious, compulsive, aggressive, or otherwise socially inappropriate. Such "hypersexual" behavior in children and adolescents is associated with a variety of factors. Social factors include sexual abuse, physical abuse, life stress, and impaired family relationships. Psychiatric factors include emotional and behavioral problems in general, posttraumatic stress disorder and dissociative symptoms in particular, and possibly bipolar disorder. Despite the importance of increased sexual behavior in youth as a possible sign of these problems, there is currently no uniform definition in psychiatric literature of the term "hypersexuality" applied to children and adolescents. The usefulness of this term depends upon the degree to which it can be defined, measured, and distinguished from non-pathological juvenile sexual behavior. Research instruments are described that may be useful in measuring levels of sexual behavior in children and adolescents. Elements of a definition of juvenile hypersexuality are proposed based upon current knowledge about children and adolescents' sexuality in both normal development and a variety of conditions in which it is increased. Care is warranted in distinguishing between normal and abnormal sexual behavior in youth because of the variety of factors that can affect its measurement.
Uplink User Signal Separation for OFDMA-Based Cognitive Radios (2009)

Spectrum awareness of orthogonal frequency division multiple access- (OFDMA-) based cognitive radios (CRs) can be improved by enabling them to separate the primary user signals in the uplink (UL). Assuming availability of information about the basic parameters of the primary system as well as time synchronization to the first arriving user signal, two algorithms are proposed in this paper. The first one targets estimating the size of the frequency allocation block of the primary system. The performance of this algorithm is compared with the results of a Gaussian approximation-based approach that aims to determine the probability of correct block size estimation theoretically. The second one is a semiblind user separation algorithm, which estimates the carrier frequency offsets and time delays of each block by exploiting the cross-correlations over pilot subcarriers. A two-dimensional clustering method is then employed to group the estimates, where each group belongs to a different user. It is shown that the proposed algorithms can improve the spectrum opportunity detection of cognitive radios. Feasibility of the algorithms is proved through practical simulations.
Application of Finite Element Techniques to the Study of Cervical Spine Mechanics (1993)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A three-dimensional finite element model of a human ligamentous cervical spine was developed to study the mechanics of cervical injuries related to automotive crashes. &lt;b&gt;Patran&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;LS-DYNA3D&lt;/b&gt; were used to create this preliminary model consisting of the cervical vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and biomechanically relevant spinal ligaments. Material properties were obtained from published experimental data. A rigid head was included to provide proper application of non-contact inertial loading.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Model development began with the generation of a single cervical motion segment. This model was subjected to a variety of loading conditions to provide a qualitative check of material properties and tissue interface conditions. Based on this motion segment model, a complete cervical model was developed including an attached rigid head.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Simulations were run for axial compression and frontal flexion. A small strain axial stiffness of 161.8 &lt;b&gt;N/mm&lt;/b&gt; was determined for the case of pure z-displacement of the occiput. Large strain compression exhibited anterior bending of the cervical column and an overall stiffness value of 161.1 &lt;b&gt;N/mm.&lt;/b&gt; Gross vertebral kinematics and deformation shapes compared well with experimental data from &lt;b&gt;Pintar&lt;/b&gt; et al &lt;b&gt;[&lt;span class="xref"&gt;29&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/b&gt; The analytical flexion response predicted that head rotation would lag behind neck rotation by roughly 20 degrees, which is less than the roughly 30 degrees observed for volunteer sled test data.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Planned future enhancements include refinement of the vertebral geometry, improvement of the material definition for &lt;b&gt;soft&lt;/b&gt; tissue components, and addition of musculature to the ligamentous spine model. &lt;b&gt;An&lt;/b&gt; experimental study has begun which will provide essential data for these enhancements. Further validation of this model will be conducted upon completion of these experiments.&lt;/div&gt;
A novel tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mimetic peptide prevents recrudescence ofMycobacterium bovisbacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection in CD4+ T cell-depleted mice (2000)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is required to control mycobacterial infections, but its therapeutic value is limited by its in vivo instability and toxicity. The efficacy of a nontoxic TNF-mimetic peptide (TNF70-80) was tested in mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Callette-Guerin (BCG). In vitro TNF70-80 and recombinant human TNF (hTNF) acted with interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) to reduce bacterial replication and to induce synthesis of bactericidal nitric oxide (NO) in BCG-infected, bone marrow-derived murine macrophages. The dose-dependent inhibitory effect on bacterial replication was blocked by neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma and anti-hTNF mAbs. Further, n-monomethyl-L-arginine (n-MMA) and a soluble TNF-receptor I (TNFRI-IgG) blocked bacterial growth and NO synthesis. Therefore, the peptide acted with IFN-gamma via induction of NO synthase and signaled through TNFRI receptors. Concomitant in vivo treatment with TNF70-80 or hTNF prevented reactivation of chronic BCG infection in mice depleted of CD4+ T cells by injecting anti-CD4 antibodies. Granuloma number and bacterial load were comparable in treated, T cell-depleted mice and in chronically infected, intact animals. Thus, TNF70-80 and hTNF can modulate recrudescent BCG infection in CD4+ T cell-deficient mice.
Radical-Mediated Synthesis of Imidazopyridinones (2007)

A rare regioselective cyclization via a radical attack on a pyridine nitrogen to give 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-5(1H)-one is reported. Interestingly, azaindoline is obtained as the only product when R1 = Ac while when R1 = Boc or CO2Me, imidazopyridinones are formed as single or major products. The proposed mechanism involves two competitive C- or N-ring-closure reactions. When R1 = Boc, the steric repulsion and unfavorable dipole-dipole interaction between the lone pairs of pyridine nitrogen and the carbamate oxygen are suggested to force the side chain into an alternate rotamer conformation placing the radical into a favorable position for C-N bond formation. Lauroyl peroxide effects oxidation to the cationic species and the resulting lauric acid is involved in the hydrolysis step to the product. The scope of this reaction was not adequately explored.
Epidemiology of Diaphyseal and Distal Femoral Fractures in Rochester, Minnesota, 1965-1984 (1988)

Over the 20-year period from 1965 to 1984, 370 residents of Rochester, Minnesota experienced 402 femoral fractures exclusive of the hip, giving an overall incidence rate of 37.1 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 33.4-40.8). Of these, 54 were subtrochanteric and 210 were diaphyseal, while 123 involved the distal femur and 15 were at unspecified femoral sites. Fifty-eight percent of these fractures were caused by severe trauma. The incidence of femoral fractures due to severe trauma was greatest in young patients, especially for diaphyseal fractures, and showed a male excess. One-third of the fractures were associated with moderate trauma and were responsible for the rising incidence rates with age at all three fracture sites. These increases were greater in women. Eighty percent of patients 35 years of age or older with fractures due to moderate trauma had prior evidence of generalized osteopenia or a condition likely to cause localized osteopenia in the fractured femur. These data confirmed similar findings from Sweden, providing evidence for a relationship between osteoporosis and femoral fractures distal to the hip.
Radiomics for ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI in the diagnosis of breast cancer: a pilot study (2018)

Radiomics for dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) breast MRI have shown promise in the diagnosis of breast cancer as applied to conventional DCE-MRI protocols. Here, we investigate the potential of using such radiomic features in the diagnosis of breast cancer applied on ultrafast breast MRI in which images are acquired every few seconds. The dataset consisted of 64 lesions (33 malignant and 31 benign) imaged with both ‘conventional’ and ultrafast DCE-MRI. After automated lesion segmentation in each image sequence, we calculated 38 radiomic features categorized as describing size, shape, margin, enhancement-texture, kinetics, and enhancement variance kinetics. For each feature, we calculated the 95% confidence interval of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) to determine whether the performance of each feature in the task of distinguishing between malignant and benign lesions was better than random guessing. Subsequently, we assessed performance of radiomic signatures in 10-fold cross-validation repeated 10 times using a support vector machine with as input all the features as well as features by category. We found that many of the features remained useful (AUC&gt;0.5) for the ultrafast protocol, with the exception of some features, e.g., those designed for latephase kinetics such as the washout rate. For ultrafast MRI, the radiomics enhancement-texture signature achieved the best performance, which was comparable to that of the kinetics signature for ‘conventional’ DCE-MRI, both achieving AUC values of 0.71. Radiomic developed for ‘conventional’ DCE-MRI shows promise for translation to the ultrafast protocol, where enhancement texture appears to play a dominant role.
SE5 things all RFIC designers should know (But are afraid to ask) (2009)

The scaling of CMOS technology has enabled the proliferation of single-chip wireless systems-on-a-chip (SoCs) that integrates RF, analog, and digital circuits to form complete system solutions. Most high-volume wireless systems, ranging from cellular phones to wireless local area networks are based on single-chip solutions. Much of the attention at conferences, such as ISSCC, has been focused on the design of wireless SoCs. However, bringing a wireless SoC to market requires significant technical knowledge beyond IC design. The objective of this evening session is to provide an introduction on topics that are typically not well understood by RF IC designers, in part, because they are not sufficiently emphasized in most college curricula, yet are critically important to the successful productization of wireless systems.
Accurate Visualization of Operating Commercial Batteries Using Specialized Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Magnetic Field Sensing (2020)

The lithium-ion cell is the leading electric energy-storage technology reducing the environmental impact of fossil fuels. Their high energy density makes Li-ion batteries inherently dangerous due to the possibility of thermal runaway. Prerelease battery diagnostics incorporated at the final stages of cell manufacturing can improve personal and public safety and reduce the environmental impact of failures. An innovative diagnostic technique termed inside-out magnetic resonance imaging (io-MRI) measures magnetic field (MF) perturbations outside the battery’s conductive casing. Weak magnetic fields produced by an operating cell during charge–discharge events can reveal early signs of the battery’s malfunction and shed light on the electrochemical phenomena occurring at the electrodes. Since commercial cells are strongly magnetic, and magnetic objects are known to bring about failures of MRI methodology, the choice of MRI technique becomes central to the analysis. Single-point ramped imaging with T1 enhancement (SPRITE) is immune to notorious “susceptibility” artefacts due to its fully phase-encoded three-dimensional (3D) acquisition. SPRITE enables rapid distortion-free visualization of magnetic field patterns associated with a cell’s mechanical integrity, state of charge, and operating mode. Io-SPRITE in combination with a solid-state detection-medium device achieved sensitive and safe measurements of current-induced magnetic fields very close to the surface of the cell.
Simvastatin preserves myocardial function after coronary microembolisation in rabbits (2007)

Coronary microembolisation (CME) frequently occurs spontaneously or during PTCA. In dogs, CME induced pronounced myocardial dysfunction predominantly mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa). We induced CME in anaesthetized rabbits by intracoronary injection of 10.000 or 30.000 microspheres (45µm diameter) with (n=10) or without (placebo, P, n=14) pretreatment with simvastatin (Sim, 3mg/kg). 3 animals of P but none of Sim died within 24h after CME. At day 2 (d2) after CME, in P treated animals shortening fraction (SF, echocardiography) decreased from 40±1 to 33±3% (p<0.05 vs. baseline) and recovered completely at day 9 (d9) after CME 42±2%. With Sim, SF did not change significantly. Sim also attenuated transient LV dilatation, diastolic dysfunction and a decrease of ejection fraction at d2 after CME. In further animals sacrificed at d2, SIM decreased myocardial p38 MAP kinase activation, macrophage infiltration and TNFa expression. Serum troponin T concentration at d1 and LV fibrosis at d9 after CME were not different between P and Sim. We conclude that CME induces myocardial inflammation that leads to a pronounced LV dysfunction. This inflammatory response can be effectively prevented by simvastatin. These data strongly support the early use of statins during acute coronary syndroms.
Effective dopant activation via low temperature microwave annealing of ion implanted silicon (2013)

Susceptor-assisted microwave annealing enables effective dopant activation, at low temperatures, in ion-implanted Si. Given similar thermal budgets for microwave annealing and rapid thermal annealing (RTA), sheet resistances of microwave annealed Si, with either B+ or P+ implants, are lower than the values obtained using RTA. The fraction of dopants activated is as high as 18% for B+ implants and 64% for P+ implants. Dopant diffusion is imperceptible after microwave annealing, but significant after RTA, for P+ implanted Si samples with the same dopant activation. Microwave annealing achieves such properties using shorter anneal times and lower peak temperatures compared to RTA.
25W average-power, second-harmonic-generation of a linearly-polarized Er fiber source in PPKTP and its application for tandem harmonic generation in UV (2004)

An Yb-Er, PM-format, quasi-CW fibre source with 1.2k W peak power is presented and used for 76% efficient SHG in PPKTP. The single-mode, 25W 775 nm source was used for SHG at 388nm with average powers &gt;1W.
ChemInform Abstract: COBALT(III) AND RHODIUM(III) COMPLEXES OF CYCLIC TETRADENTATE THIOETHERS (1975)

Abstract Die Thioäther wurden nach modifizierten Literaturmethoden über 1,4,8,1 l‐Tetrathiaundecan als Vorläufer synthetisiert.
Ultra-Low-Voltage Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers with Increased Output Pressure Due to Piston-Structured Plates (2022)

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) represent an accepted technology for ultrasonic transducers, while high bias voltage requirements and limited output pressure still need to be addressed. In this paper, we present a design for ultra-low-voltage operation with enhanced output pressure. Low voltages allow for good integrability and mobile applications, whereas higher output pressures improve the penetration depth and signal-to-noise ratio. The CMUT introduced has an ultra-thin gap (120 nm), small plate thickness (800 nm), and is supported by a non-flexural piston, stiffening the topside for improved average displacement, and thus higher output pressure. Three designs for low MHz operation are simulated and fabricated for comparison: bare plate, plate with small piston (34% plate coverage), and big piston (57%). The impact of the piston on the plate mechanics in terms of resonance and pull-in voltage are simulated with finite element method (FEM). Simulations are in good agreement with laser Doppler vibrometer and LCR-meter measurements. Further, the sound pressure output is characterized in immersion with a hydrophone. Pull-in voltages range from only 7.4 V to 25.0 V. Measurements in immersion with a pulse at 80% of the pull-in voltage present surface output pressures from 44.7 kPa to 502.1 kPa at 3.3 MHz to 4.2 MHz with a fractional bandwidth of up to 135%. This leads to an improvement in transmit sensitivity in pulsed (non-harmonic) driving from 7.8 kPa/V up to 24.8 kPa/V.
An Ad Hoc Network Infrastructure: Communication and Information Sharing for Emergency Response (2008)

During an emergency response, access to a reliable communication infrastructure is required to exchange accurate information in a timely manner. Various communication technologies have been deployed for emergency response; however communication between different first response organizations has always been a problem. This is due to either broken networks or lack of knowledge regarding the channel frequency in use for the same device. According to recent investigations, text messaging was shown to be more reliable than voice to exchange short messages carrying critical information. Additionally, posting and updating the information on an electronic webpage accessible to all is also very useful. In addition, we would also suggest that team leaders physically stand together, thus improving network resource utilization plus ensuring receipt of updates and information from peers in the event the higher ranked person in the hierarchy is not reachable. In this paper, we present supporting arguments for the choice of a wireless mesh network as a candidate to provide communication infrastructure for emergency response. We also present a comprehensive set of technical, social and organizational challenges which we experienced first hand during several deployments, learned about in interviews with emergency responders and by examination of the after-incident reports. Many of these challenges become even more of a concern and have a greater impact on international disasters concerning multiple countries when traditionally different technologies are used often in conjunction with different languages. We also present the results of network performance analysis which identifies sources of bottleneck and overhead in communication. A distributed control hierarchical authority is necessary to prevent bottleneck and the need to cancel an already scheduled path due to resource unavailability or security breach.
Studies on The Plasma Analysis and Bioavailability of Phenytoin in Human (2003)

A developed assay method to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in human plasma was investigated by reverse-phase HPLC-UV. We found the analytic condition that separate phenytoin from internal standard (triamcinolone acetonide) in human plasma sample at the wavelength of 225 nm. Proteins of the plasma samples were removed enough by using 0.1 N HC1. Mobile phase is consisted of buffer (pH3.0):CH3CN (65:35), and retention time of phenytoin is 8.2 min at a flow rate of 0.9 ml/min.. Tlie fundamental parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision for this bioanalytical method validation were suitable to pharmacokinetic study and bioequvalence test. Eight volunteers in lasting were administered single dose of 100 mg of phenytoin (one tablet) orally together with 240 ml water for pharmacokinetic studies. The maximum concentration (0.82 ㎍/ml) of phenytoin was attained at 6.63 hour after dosing. T1/2 and AUC were 14.88 hr and 25.181 ㎍hr/ml respectively. According to our study, the accurate analysis for phenytoin achieved and the proposed guidance can be applied to pharmacokinetic study and bioequivalence test in human.
Enhanced connexin 43 expression delays intra‐mitoitc duration and cell cycle traverse independently of gap junction channel function (2010)

Connexins (Cxs) and gap junction (GJ)-mediated communication have been linked with the regulation of cell cycle traverse. However, it is not clear whether Cx expression or GJ channel function are the key mediators in this process or at what stage this regulation may occur. We therefore tested the hypothesis that enhanced Cx expression could alter the rate of cell cycle traverse independently of GJ channel function. Sodium butyrate (NaBu) or anti-arrhythmic peptide (AAP10) were used to enhance Cx expression in HeLa cells stably expressing Cx43 (HeLa-43) and primary cultures of human fibroblasts (HFF) that predominantly express Cx43. To reduce GJ-mediated communication, 18-alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) was used. In HeLa-43 and HFF cells, NaBu and AAP10 enhanced Cx43 expression and increased channel function, while GA reduced GJ-mediated communication but did not significantly alter Cx43 expression levels. Timelapse microscopy and flow cytometry of HeLa-WT (wild-type, Cx deficient) and HeLa-43 cells dissected cell cycle traverse and enabled measurements of intra-mitotic time and determined levels of G1 arrest. Enhanced Cx43 expression increased mitotic durations corresponding with a G1 delay in cell cycle, which was linked to an increase in expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21(waf1/cip1) in both HeLa-43 and HFF cells. Reductions in Cx43 channel function did not abrogate these responses, indicating that GJ channel function was not a critical factor in reducing cell proliferation in either cell type. We conclude that enhanced Cx43 expression and not GJ-mediated communication, is involved in regulating cell cycle traverse.
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Case Report with Subdural Hematomas, Steroid Dependency and Clinical Improvement after Myelography (2007)

Besides the orthostatic headache, the possible clinical manifestations are numerous. Serious complications and situations may occur that need to be recognized and treated. In addition to presentation of the case the literature to date is reviewed and discussed.