gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melt-Quenched Porous Organic Cage Glasses (2021)

The discrete molecular nature of porous organic cages (POCs) has allowed us to direct the formation of crystalline materials by crystal engineering. It has also been possible to create porous amorphous solids by deliberately disrupting the crystalline packing, either with chemical modification or by processing. More recently, organic cages were used to form isotropic porous liquids. However, the connection between solid and liquid states of POCs, and the glass state, are almost completely unexplored. Here, we investigate the melting and glass-forming behaviour of a range of organic cages, including both shape-persistent POCs formed by imine condensation, and reduced and synthetically post-modified amine POCs that are more flexible and lack shape-persistence. The organic cages exhibited melting and quenching of the resultant liquids provides molecular glasses. One of these molecular glasses exhibited improved gas uptake for both CO2 and CH4 compared to the starting amorphous cage. In addition, foaming of the liquid in one case resulted in a more stable and less soluble glass, which demonstrates the potential for an alternative approach to forming materials such as membranes without solution processing.
Preclinical modeling highlights the therapeutic potential of hematopoietic stem cell gene editing for correction of SCID-X1 (2017)

Targeted genome editing in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) is an attractive strategy for treating immunohematological diseases. However, the limited efficiency of homology-directed editing in primitive HSPCs constrains the yield of corrected cells and might affect the feasibility and safety of clinical translation. These concerns need to be addressed in stringent preclinical models and overcome by developing more efficient editing methods. We generated a humanized X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1) mouse model and evaluated the efficacy and safety of hematopoietic reconstitution from limited input of functional HSPCs, establishing thresholds for full correction upon different types of conditioning. Unexpectedly, conditioning before HSPC infusion was required to protect the mice from lymphoma developing when transplanting small numbers of progenitors. We then designed a one-size-fits-all <i>IL2RG</i> (interleukin-2 receptor common γ-chain) gene correction strategy and, using the same reagents suitable for correction of human HSPC, validated the edited human gene in the disease model in vivo, providing evidence of targeted gene editing in mouse HSPCs and demonstrating the functionality of the <i>IL2RG</i>-edited lymphoid progeny. Finally, we optimized editing reagents and protocol for human HSPCs and attained the threshold of <i>IL2RG</i> editing in long-term repopulating cells predicted to safely rescue the disease, using clinically relevant HSPC sources and highly specific zinc finger nucleases or CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9). Overall, our work establishes the rationale and guiding principles for clinical translation of SCID-X1 gene editing and provides a framework for developing gene correction for other diseases.
Manipulating the Amyloid-β Aggregation Pathway with Chemical Chaperones (1999)

Amyloid-beta (Abeta) assembly into fibrillar structures is a defining characteristic of Alzheimer's disease that is initiated by a conformational transition from random coil to beta-sheet and a nucleation-dependent aggregation process. We have investigated the role of organic osmolytes as chemical chaperones in the amyloid pathway using glycerol to mimic the effects of naturally occurring molecules. Osmolytes such as the naturally occurring trimethylamine N-oxide and glycerol correct folding defects by preferentially hydrating partially denatured proteins and entropically stabilize native conformations and polymeric states. Trimethylamine N-oxide and glycerol were found to rapidly accelerate the Abeta random coil-to-beta-sheet conformational change necessary for fiber formation. This was accompanied by an immediate conversion of amorphous unstructured aggregates into uniform globular and possibly nucleating structures. Osmolyte-facilitated changes in Abeta hydration also affected the final stages of amyloid formation and mediated transition from the protofibrils to mature fibers that are observed in vivo. These findings suggest that hydration forces can be used to control fibril assembly and may have implications for the accumulation of Abeta within intracellular compartments such as the endoplasmic reticulum and in vitro modeling of the amyloid pathway.
OB-IV-1Exocrine Organs Imaged in Aqueous Solution by Atmospheric Scanning Electron Microscopy (ASEM) (2016)

The parotid glands, submandibular glands and sublingual glands are three major salivary glands (SG). These glands secrete serous, mucous or mixed saliva via the proper main excretory ducts connecting the glandular bodies with the oral cavity. In Sjögren's syndrome, secretory production is diminished for the primary exocrine gland and the lacrimal glands (LG) or SG, leading to dry eye and mouth. Here, we report the direct observation of tissue in aqueous solution by atmospheric scanning electron microscopy (ASEM) [1,2]. SG and LG were glutaraldehyde fixed, sectioned into slabs, stained with phosphotungstic acid (PTA), and observed in radical scavenger D-glucose solution from below by an inverted scanning electron microscopy, guided by optical microscopy from above to target the tissue substructures. A 2 to 3-µm specimen thickness was visualized by the SEM. In SG and LG, secretory vesicles and other organelles were clearly imaged at high resolution, and the former could be classified according to the degree of PTA staining [3]. These methods should be correlated with calcium signaling [4] to analyze physiological function of the excretory organs. The results suggest the usefulness of in-solution ASEM for histology, and the high-throughput ASEM is promising for the diagnosis of exocrine-related diseases, e.g., Sjögren's syndrome.
Characterization of Human Orgnic Anion Transporter 4 (hOAT4) as a Low Affinity p-aminohippurate (PAH) Transporter (2007)

Organic anion transporters play an essential role in the elimination of numerous endogenous and exogenous organic anions from the body. In t he present study, we investigated the transport property of human organic anion transporter 4 （hOAT4） as a p-aminohippurate （PAH） transporter. For this purpose, we established and utilized cells derived from the second segment of mice proximal tubule stably expressing hOAT4 （S 2 hOAT4） . RT-PCR result shows the expression of hOAT4 in S2 hOAT4. ［ 3 H］ estrone sulfate （ES） and ［ 14 C］PAH uptake via h OAT4 were increased with time and concentration dependent manner. Km of ES and PAH were 9.9μM and 2.2 mM, respectively. ES uptake via hOAT4 was inhibited by PAH with competetive manner （Ki = 4.3 mM） . hOAT4-mediated PAH uptake was strongly inhibited by sulfate conjugates, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, bile acids, penicillin G, BSP, probenecid, ouabain and quinidine and moderately inhibited b y cAMP, cGMP and cimetidine. No inhibitory effect by tetraethylammonium and β-estradiol was observed. The present study may provide the molecular basis of drug efflux pathway in human kidneys. 杏林医会誌 38 巻 2・3 号 61 〜 68 2007 年 9 月 原 著
Self-heating characterization of FinFET SOI devices using 2D time resolved emission measurements (2015)

Self-heating of FinFET devices is a reliability concern, especially for large devices with dense arrays on SOI. In this paper, we leverage the Picosecond time resolution of Time-Resolved Emission (TRE) measurements to quantitatively measure the modulation of the off-state leakage current due to self-heating in individual FinFETs fabricated in SOI technology. This provides the first direct measurement of the self-heating from individual FinFET devices.
Bone density of the radius, spine, and proximal femur in osteoporosis (1988)

Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in 140 normal young women (aged 20 to 39 years) and in 423 consecutive women over age 40 referred for evaluation of osteoporosis. Lumbar spine and proximal femur BMD was measured using dual-photon absorptiometry (153Gd), whereas the radius shaft measurement used single-photon absorptiometry (125I). There were 324 older women with no fractures, of which 278 aged 60 to 80 years served as age-matched controls. There were 99 women with fractures including 32 with vertebral and 22 with hip fractures. Subsequently, another 25 women with hip fractures had BMD measured in another laboratory; their mean BMD was within 2% of that of the original series. The mean age in both the nonfracture and fracture groups was 70 +/- 5 years. The BMD in the age-matched controls was 20% to 25% below that of normal young women for the radius, spine, and femur, but the Ward's triangle region of the femur showed even greater loss (35%). The mean BMD at all sites in the crush fracture cases was about 10% to 15% below that of age-matched controls. Spinal abnormality was best discriminated by spine and femoral measurements (Z score about 0.9). In women with hip fractures, the BMD was 10% below that of age-matched controls for the radius and the spine, and the BMD for the femoral sites was about 25% to 30% below that of age-matched control (Z score about 1.6). Femoral densities gave the best discrimination of hip fracture cases and even reflected spinal osteopenia. In contrast, neither the spine nor the radius reflected the full extent of femoral osteopenia in hip fracture.
GPS Receiver‐Related Subjects (2004)

In this chapter some subjects related to GPS receivers will be discussed. A different means of acquisition will be presented that can be applied to periodic as well as nonperiodic signals, such as the P code. Other subjects such as sampling frequency correction through the wide area augmentation system (WAAS) signal, strong and weak signal conditions in acquisition, simulation of GPS signals, impact on acquisition of filter bandwidth in front of ADC, real time operation of a software receiver, passive altimeter, the number of ADC bit required under jamming conditions, and calculating the satellite position through almanac data. An aided GPS system is briefly discussed.
Tunable Infrared Plasmonic Devices via Ferroelectric Domain Reconfiguration. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
A TWO-GRID TIME-DEPENDENT FORMALISM FOR THE MAXWELL EQUATION (2003)

We develop a formalism for efficient iterative solutions of scattering problems involving the Maxwell equations. The methods, borrowed from recent advancements in chemical reaction dynamics, represent the scattering wavefunctions on two grids; one used for the initial wave and is one-dimensional; the other is a small three-dimensional grid padded with absorbing-potentials on which the scattered function is represented. The formalism is automatically suitable for scattering studies of transmission, reflection and scattering components of a wave. The simulations can be done with time-dependent wavepackets or direct iterative solution for the Green's function, but the results are rigorous time-independent (frequency-dependent) scattering amplitudes. Model time-dependent simulations involving up to a 100×100×100 grid for the inner wavefunction were numerically done on a simple PC.
A novel control strategy applied to the series loaded resonant converter (2005)

An novel control strategy of the series loaded resonant converter is presented. The main objective of the control strategy is to minimize the switching losses in the main switching elements (IGBT). The results are experimentally verified on a 60 kW/25 kHz prototype converter. The IGBT losses obtained with the proposed control strategy are compared with those of the commonly used frequency control and phase-shift control strategies. With the proposed control strategy it is found that the losses are reduced in the entire operating range compared to phase-shift control. The same statement is valid also for frequency control, except for the highest output voltage
A parity code based fault detection for an implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (2003)

Concurrent fault detection for a hardware implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is important not only to protect the encryption/decryption process from random faults. It will also protect the encryption/decryption circuitry from an attacker who may maliciously inject faults in order to find the encryption secret key. In this paper we present a novel fault detection scheme which is based on a multiple parity bit code and show that the proposed scheme leads to very efficient and high coverage fault detection. We then estimate the associated hardware costs and detection latencies.
Self-Encapsulation of Poly-2,7-fluorenes in a Dendrimer Matrix (2001)

The synthesis and characterization of complex dendritic, rigid rod poly-2,7-fluorene homopolymers and copolymers via a macromonomer approach is reported. Several 2,7-dibromofluorene monomers containing benzyl ether dendrons (generations 1, 2, and 3) in the 9,9'-position of the fluorene ring were prepared and employed in condensation polymerizations to yield both homopolymers and copolymers with diethylhexylfluorene. Fluorescence measurements of the materials reveal extensive conjugation along the polymer backbone. The determination of the solid-state PL spectra and quantum efficiencies showed that there is an apparent optimum size of the dendritic side groups with the [G-2]-derivatives showing high reactivity with associated site isolation of the conjugated chain. AFM analysis and DSC results confirmed that the hybrid polymers and copolymers did not show any sign of a microphase-separated morphology. First EL-results demonstrated that the homopolymers have higher turn-on voltages then the corresponding copolymers.
Highly stable common-path quantitative phase microscope for biomedical imaging (2018)

High temporal stability is the primary requirement of any quantitative phase microscope (QPM) systems for the early stage detection of various human related diseases. The high temporal stability of the system provides accurate measurement of membrane fluctuations of the biological cells, which can be good indicator of various diseases. We developed a single element highly stable common-path QPM system to obtain temporally stable holograms of the biological specimens. With the proposed system, the temporal stability is obtained ~ 15 mrad without using any vibration isolation table. The capability of the proposed system is demonstrated on USAF resolution chart, polystyrene spheres (dia. 4.5 micron) and human red blood cells (RBCs). The membrane fluctuation of healthy human RBCs is further successfully measured and found to be equal to 63 nm. Contrary to its counterparts, present system offers energy efficient, cost effective and simple way of generating object and reference beam for the development of common-path QPM.
Mechanism of Audio-Text Mode Assignment on SIP-based Internet Telephony System (2007)

Next to the binary-based H.323 signaling protocol for Internet telephony service developed by the Telecommunication World (ITU-T), a more lightweight text-based protocol was deemed necessary to address the specific needs of the Internet World. The session initiation protocol (SIP) was introduced in the IETF and has meanwhile gained maturity and support. The SIP-based Internet telephony service guarantees the user mobility. If SIP user is the place where the Internet connection is possible, it anytime can use a Internet telephony service in a where. Internet telephony communication with the user who is connected Internet softphone without headset or deaf people or speech-impaired people is difficult. Therefore, in this paper, we suggest mechanism of audio-text mode assignment on SIP Internet telephony system.
Modulating the Electron Affinity of Small Bipyridyl Molecules on Single Gold Nanoparticles for Plasmon-Driven Electron Transfer (2021)

Developing controlled platforms for plasmon-driven chemistry is of great importance in catalytic reactions at the nanoscale. We report anion radical formation for five bipyridyl complexes of varying degrees of electron affinity utilizing optically focused intraband (594 nm) and interband (532 nm) pump excitation of single gold nanoparticles. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of anion radicals for the five nonresonant adsorbed molecules, 2,2′-bipyridine (22BPY), 4,4′-bipyridine (44BPY), trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (BPE), 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)acetylene (BPA), and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (BPEt), were detected using localized surface-plasmon resonance (LSPR) excitation with 785 nm. The electron affinity of the five bipyridyl complexes were determined using electrochemistry. Molecules with low electron affinity experienced higher instances of radical anion formation under a plasmon-coupled intraband electron transfer excitation (594 nm), whereas molecules with high electron affinity showed a preference for anion radical formation under direct interband electron transfer excitation (532 nm). The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels for low electron affinity surface-bound molecules (22BPY, BPEt) are on average ∼0.43 eV higher than high electron affinity surface-bound molecules (BPA, BPE, 44BPY), as calculated using time-dependent density functional theory, elucidating the importance of plasmon coupling to energy levels that facilitate charge transfer pathways. We also show the ability to “activate” high versus low electron affinity single nanoparticles with the choice of pump excitation wavelength. The findings show the complex interplay between molecular electron affinity, orbital overlap with the density of states of the plasmonic metal, and excitation energetics of the pump laser wavelength. Potential applications of this work include enhanced control over molecular scale catalysis, biosensor design, and solar energy capture.
Fracture characterization using converted waves (2015)

ABSTRACT We present a method for inversion of fracture compliance matrix components from wide‐azimuth noisy synthetic PS reflection data and quantitatively show that reflection amplitude variations with offset and azimuth for converted PS‐waves are more informative than P‐waves for fracture characterization. We consider monoclinic symmetry for fractured reservoir (parameters chosen from Woodford Shale), which can be formed by two or more sets of vertical fractures embedded in a vertically transverse isotropic background. Components of effective fracture compliance matrices for a medium with monoclinic symmetry are related to the characteristics of the fractured medium. Monte Carlo simulation results show that inversion of PS reflection data is more robust than that of PP reflection data to uncertainties in our a priori knowledge (vertically transverse isotropic parameters of unfractured rock) than PP reflection data. We also show that, while inversion of PP reflections is sensitive to contrasts in elastic properties of upper and lower media, inversion of PS reflections is robust with respect to such contrasts.
Biosynthesis of antitumor antibiotic, cytogenin. (1994)

The biosynthesis of antitumor antibiotic cytogenin, 3-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxy-8-hydroxy-isocoumarin, was studied by feeding 14C- or 13C-labeled compounds to culture of the producing organism, Streptoverticillium eurocidicum MI43-37F11. 14C-Acetate and 14C-methionine were efficiently incorporated into cytogenin as precursors. 13C NMR studies proved that the carbon skeleton of cytogenin is derived from pentaketide intermediate due to head-to-tail condensation of five acetate units and methyl group of 6-OCH3 is derived from methionine. It was suggested that 3-hydroxymethyl and/or 6-methoxy group of cytogenin were metabolized by hydroxylation and/or methylation from three intermediates.
Nature-Inspired Optimization of High-Impedance Metasurfaces With Ultrasmall Interwoven Unit Cells (2011)

This letter introduces a set of novel designs for high-impedance metasurfaces with ultrasmall interwoven unit cells that achieve increased miniaturization compared to existing literature, yet still provide identical bandwidth performance and excellent field of view. This development makes possible more compact designs for artificial magnetic conducting (AMC) ground planes and electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) surfaces as well as providing the ability to scale these structures to much lower frequencies. In addition, we show that the unit cell geometry can be manipulated via wind-driven optimization (WDO) to precisely control the center frequency of the proposed high-impedance metasurface designs.
Valgus Plus Internal Rotation Moments Increase Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain More Than Either Alone (2011)

Combined knee valgus and internal rotation moments increases ACL strain more than either alone. The combination of a valgus and internal rotational moment at magnitudes that occurs in vivo during landing can cause ACL strains that may be high enough to cause ACL rupture. This predicted high ACL strain and the contact force location suggest that combined valgus and internal tibial rotational moments during single-leg landing are relevant to ACL injuries.
A lipid nanoparticle RBD-hFc mRNA vaccine protects hACE2 transgenic mice against lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection (2021)

Abstract The current global COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented effort to develop effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. mRNA vaccines were developed very rapidly during the last year, and became the leading immunization platform against the virus, with highly promising phase-3 results and remarkable efficacy data. Since most animal models are not susceptible to SARS CoV-2 infection, pre-clinical studies are often limited to infection-prone animals such as hamsters and non-human primates. In these animal models, SARS-CoV-2 infection results in viral replication and a mild disease disease. Therefore, the protective efficacy of the vaccine in these animals is commonly evaluated by its ability to elicit immunologic responses, diminish viral replication and prevent weight loss. Our lab recently reported the design of a SARS-CoV-2 human Fc-conjugated receptor-binding domain (RBD-hFc) mRNA vaccine delivered via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). These experiments demonstrated the development of a robust and specific immunologic response in RBD-hFc mRNA-vaccinated BALB/c mice. In the current study, we evaluated the protective effect of this RBD-hFc mRNA vaccine by employing the K18-hACE2 mouse model. We report that administration of RBD-hFc mRNA vaccine to K18-hACE2 mice led to a robust humoral response comprised of both binding and neutralizing antibodies. In accordance with the recorded immunologic immune response, 70% of vaccinated mice were protected against a lethal dose (3000 plaque forming units) of SARS-CoV-2, while all control animals succumbed to infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first non-replicating mRNA vaccine study reporting protection of K18-hACE2 against a lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Stereoselective Catalytic Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Homemade 3D‐Printed Mesoreactors (2017)

3D-printed flow reactors were designed, fabricated from different materials (PLA, HIPS, nylon), and used for a catalytic stereoselective Henry reaction. The use of readily prepared and tunable 3D-printed reactors enabled the rapid screening of devices with different sizes, shapes, and channel dimensions, aimed at the identification of the best-performing reactor setup. The optimized process afforded the products in high yields, moderate diastereoselectivity, and up to 90 % ee. The method was applied to the continuous-flow synthesis of biologically active chiral 1,2-amino alcohols (norephedrine, metaraminol, and methoxamine) through a two-step sequence combining the nitroaldol reaction with a hydrogenation. To highlight potential industrial applications of this method, a multistep continuous synthesis of norephedrine has been realized. The product was isolated without any intermediate purifications or solvent switches.