gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simplified Wiener Beamformer Based on Covariance Matrix Modelling (2021)

This paper is devoted to the problem of adaptive beamforming with small-spaced microphone arrays. In this context, the Wiener filter is an optimal beamformer in the mean-squared error (MSE) sense. However, it requires good estimates of the covariance matrices of the speech signal of interest and noise, which are difficult to achieve in time-varying and reverberant acoustic environments. To deal with this problem, we propose a general method by parametric modeling the covariance matrices of speech and noise, which leads to a simplified Wiener beamformer. This beamformer has only one time-varying parameter to estimate, which is much easier to achieve as compared to the estimation of covariance matrices. As an example, we adopt the parametric model used in the superdirective beamformer, which models the covariance matrices as a combination of the pseudo-coherence matrices of a point source and diffuse noise. Simulation results show that the developed beamformer outperforms the traditional Wiener beamformer in terms of both noise and reverberation suppression.
An Automated Method for the Assessment of Memory and Learning in Larval Zebrafish (2022)

Abstract Zebrafish have shown value in translational research for many human diseases, including neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive dysfunction, with low cost and rapid testing facilitating drug screening and discovery. However, some endpoints, such as associative learning and long-term memory, have relied historically on manual data tracking that slows data acquisition and increases costs. We automated an associative learning/long-term memory test developed by Hinz et al. 1 using a Noldus DanioVision system and EthoVision software to enhance assay throughput and utility for monitoring learning and memory behavior through automated tracking of location and movement of individual fish.
Human ERV3-1 env protein expression in various human tissues and tumours (2013)

Human endogenous retrovirus group 3 member 1 (ERV3-1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several human diseases, including tumours. The gene expression profiles of ERV3-1 could provide us with important insights into the pathogenic relationship between ERV3-1 and cancer. Several studies have explored the mRNA expression profiles of ERV3-1 in normal and cancer tissues.1–6 Although the importance of ERV3-1 has been demonstrated in human tissues and cancers, few studies have investigated the expression pattern of ERV3-1 protein in human tissues and tumours. Here, we analysed the expression pattern of ERV3-1 viral envelope (env) protein in adult human organs and in tumours using a tissue microarray. We also compared the expression of ERV3-1 between normal and tumour tissues to study the relationship between ERV3-1 and tumour formation.

Tissue microarray slides were purchased from SuperBioChips (SuperBioChips Laboratories, Seoul, Korea). Around 60 patients’ normal or tumour surgical specimens were put on individual tissue microarray slides. The normal tissue and tumours were obtained from patient surgical specimens and no clinical information except for the age and gender of each patient was available for the obtained tissues.

For immunohistochemical analysis, tissue microarray slides were immunostained with rabbit polyclonal antibody to ERV3-1 (1:500 dilution; ab116723, Abcam, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA) and stained using the Dako EnVision System (DAKO, Carpinteria, California, USA). Background staining was measured by the immunostaining of all slides without primary antibody or rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG), and also confirmed antibody specificity by western blot analysis (figure 1). For protein expression assessment, staining intensity was scored as negative (−), weak (+), moderate (++), and strong (+++). The focal intensity of …
ChemInform Abstract: ZUR CYCLOADDITION VON ARYLISOCYANATEN AN EPSILON‐CAPROLACTIMAETHER (1973)

Abstract (laprolactim‐äther (I) reagiert mit den Isocyanaten (IIa)‐(IIC) bei langer Reaktionszeit zu den Addukten (IIIa)‐(IIIc), die bei höherer Temperatur wieder in (I) und (II) gespalten werden.
Application of Transformation Optics and 3D Printing Technology in Vortex Wave Generation (2021)

Electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) may potentially increase spectrum efficiency and channel capacity based on their extra rotational degree of freedom. In this chapter, the vortex beams carrying OAM are realized by elaborately designed microwave devices using the transformation optics method. The first microwave device is a reflective vortex beam generator illuminated with plane waves. The vortex beams with different modes are generated in a wide frequency band ranging from 8 GHz to 16 GHz. The second designed device is a collimating lens, which can be used to reduce the divergent angle of the vortex beams illuminating to the collimating lens. The third device is an all-dielectric lens used to achieve the omnidirectional vortex beam in the horizonal plane. Transformation optics technique provides an effective way to realize vortex waves, which can greatly facilitate the potential implementation of OAM waves in microwave wireless communication systems.
Yield and Phytosterol Composition of Oil Extracted from Grain Sorghum and Its Wet‐Milled Fractions (2003)

ABSTRACT Corn fiber contains an oil with high levels of three potential cholesterol‐lowering phytosterol compounds. Little information is available about the levels and types of phytosterols in sorghum. In this study, phytosterols were evaluated in grain sorhgum and its wet‐milled fractions and were compared with the phytosterols in corn. The study showed that sorghum kernels can provide a significant source of two phytosterol classes, free phytosterols (St) and fatty acyl phytosterol esters (St:E). Most of these phytosterols are concentrated in the wet‐milled fiber fraction followed by the germ fraction. In addition to phytosterols, other lipid classes such as wax esters and an aldehyde (50% C28 and 50% C30) are also present in the sorghum oil. Comparison of sorghum and corn kernels show that corn has 72–93% more phytosterols than sorghum.
Defined microbiota transplant restores Th17/RORγt + regulatory T cell balance in mice colonized with inflammatory bowel disease microbiotas (2020)

The building evidence for the contribution of microbiota to human disease has spurred an effort to develop therapies that target the gut microbiota. This is particularly evident in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), where clinical trials of fecal microbiota transplantation have shown some efficacy. To aid the development of novel microbiota-targeted therapies and to better understand the biology underpinning such treatments, we have used gnotobiotic mice to model microbiota manipulations in the context of microbiotas from humans with inflammatory bowel disease. Mice colonized with IBD donor-derived microbiotas exhibit a stereotypical set of phenotypes, characterized by abundant mucosal Th17 cells, a deficit in the tolerogenic RORγt<sup>+</sup> regulatory T (Treg) cell subset, and susceptibility to disease in colitis models. Transplanting healthy donor-derived microbiotas into mice colonized with human IBD microbiotas led to induction of RORγt<sup>+</sup> Treg cells, which was associated with an increase in the density of the microbiotas following transplant. Microbiota transplant reduced gut Th17 cells in mice colonized with a microbiota from a donor with Crohn's disease. By culturing strains from this microbiota and screening them in vivo, we identified a specific strain that potently induces Th17 cells. Microbiota transplants reduced the relative abundance of this strain in the gut microbiota, which was correlated with a reduction in Th17 cells and protection from colitis.
P06.13 A novel local treatment approach? Targeted immunotherapy of glioblastoma via AAV-mediated gene transfer of checkpoint inhibitors through locally administered HER2-AAVs in combination with CAR-NK cells (2020)

<h3></h3> Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary brain tumor which is characterized by a low immunogenicity of tumor cells and a prevalent immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Since expression of PD-L1 on GB cells has been described, immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (CIs) may be a promising approach for GB treatment. However, systemic administration of CIs bears the risk of autoimmune-like side effects. Delivery of CIs through targeted Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) could overcome this problem. While the brain is HER2(ErbB2)-negative, GB are frequently HER2-positive. Accordingly, intratumoral administration of HER2-specific AAVs encoding CIs may represent a promising approach for GB immunotherapy. This approach will be further combined with local injection of HER2-specific CAR-NK cells (NK-92/5.28.z). The CAR-NK cells already demonstrated efficacy in preclinical GB models and are currently under investigation in the CAR2BRAIN phase I clinical trial. AAVs used in this project harbor a HER2-specific DARPin and encode a murine PD-1 inhibitor (aPD-1). Subcutaneous GL261-HER2 tumors were treated locally with HER2-AAVs either alone or in combination with HER2-specific NK-92/5.28.z cells, and tumor growth and survival were monitored. Subsequently, the efficacy of local application will be compared to systemic AAV administration in subcutaneous and orthotopic intracranial tumors. AAV distribution and specific tumor cell targeting will also be analyzed. Furthermore, future experiments will investigate the influence of AAVs on the TME and the immune cell composition of tumors. Transduction efficacy of HER2-AAVs in murine as well as human glioma cells <i>in vitro</i> correlates with the level of HER2 expression. Subsequently, aPD-1 is secreted in a time-dependant manner and binds its target on PD-1-expressing cells. Preliminary results suggest combined therapy with aPD-1-encoding HER2-AAVs and NK-92/5.28.z cells to mediate anti-tumor effects <i>in vivo</i>. Comparison of local and systemic administration of HER2-AAVs in subcutaneous and intracranial GL26-HER2 tumors is still subject of ongoing investigation, as well as analysis of tumor cell penetration by AAVs <i>in vivo</i>. Local therapy with HER2-AAV in combination with HER2-CAR NK cells is a promising novel strategy for GB immunotherapy with the potential to enhance efficacy and reduce side effects, potentially offering perspectives beyond brain tumor medicine. <h3>Disclosure Information</h3> <b>M.I. Strecker:</b> None. <b>F. Strassheimer:</b> None. <b>J. Reul:</b> None. <b>P.N. Harter:</b> None. <b>T. Tonn:</b> None. <b>J.P. Steinbach:</b> None. <b>W.S. Wels:</b> None. <b>C.J. Buchholz:</b> None. <b>M.C. Burger:</b> None.
On the Use of Reservoir Computing in Popularity Prediction (2010)

Predicting the life cycle and the short-term popularity of a Web object is important for network architecture optimization. In this paper, we attempt to predict the popularity of a Web object given its historical access records using a novel neural network technique, reservoir computing (RC). The traces of popular videos at YouTube for five continuous months are taken as a case study. We compare RC with existing analytical models. Experimental results show that RC, given a 10-day trace composed of daily cumulative views for a video, is able to predict the next-day’s popularity with less than 5% relative square errors (RSEs). It is also demonstrated that RC achieves the best prediction performance among all compared models in longer-term prediction. The advantages and limitations of using RC in popularity prediction are discussed.
Cell Motility as Contrast Agent in Retinal Explant Imaging With Full-Field Optical Coherence Tomography (2017)

Composite static and dynamic FFOCT provides a new kind of FFOCT image containing valuable information for imaging of retinal explants. It provides label-free en face images of living retinas, with a subcellular resolution. Dynamic FFOCT adds information about cell activity, which is of interest in longitudinal explant studies.
An experimental study on floating solids in a liquid bath (2005)

This study is concerned with an experimental investigation of the minimum speed and the associated power consumption to achieve the submergence of floating solids in a stirred vessel. The physical modeling was achieved by using water as the liquid medium and pine wood pellets as buoyant particles. Particular attention was given to the effects of pellet size and pellet load on submergence. Power consumption was found to be increased when larger pellets were used. Tests performed to the study the load effect showed an increase in the power consumption when the total load increased. A 20% increase in power consumption was required to submerge larger pellet sizes.
Nanohardness study of CoSn/sub 2/ intermetallic layers formed between CO UBM and Sn flip-chip solder joints (2005)

The possibility to use Co as UBM for Pb-free solder joints is related to the reliability of the formed intermetallic layers at the solder-UBM interface. The interdiffusion reaction results in a layer of CoSn/sub 2/ intermetallic, which was tested by means of nanoindentation. A nanohardness of 2Gpa was measured, which is lower then the one of Ag/sub 3/Sn, Cu/sub 3/Sn or Cu/sub 6/Sn/sub 5/, reported in the literature. This makes the chances of brittle behaviour of this intermetallic very low, which is confirmed by SEM examinations. The measured low hardness of the CoSn/sub 2/ intermetallic layer and the gradual change of the hardness in the stack Co-CoSn/sub 2/-Sn suggest that this interface will be very stable and reliable during the lifetime of the solder joint.
Introduction to the Special Issue on the 34th ESSCIRC (2009)

This special issue contains 21 extended papers from the 34th ESSCIRC, held September 15-19, 2008, in Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Risk to Neurovascular Structures Using Posterolateral Percutaneous Ankle Screw Placement: A Cadaver Study (2007)

The use of percutaneous screw placement is safe and effective with minimal risk to local neurovascular structures if standard operative technique is followed.
Real-Time 4D OCT for Ophthalmic Imaging and Surgical Guidance (2017)

We report on new technologies for real time volumetric microstructural imaging in the living eye in vivo, with a focus on image-guided ocular microsurgery using an operating microscope-integrated OCT system with a stereoscopic heads-up display.
A CM construction for curves of genus 2 and p-rank 1 (2010)

We construct Weil numbers corresponding to genus-2 curves with p-rank 1 over the finite field Fp2 of p2 elements. The corresponding curves can be constructed using explicit CM constructions. In one of our algorithms, the group of Fp2-valued points of the Jacobian has prime order, while another allows for a prescribed embedding degree with respect to a subgroup of prescribed order. The curves are defined over Fp2 out of necessity: we show that curves of p-rank 1 over Fp for large p cannot be efficiently constructed using explicit CM constructions.
Intuitive Intraoperative Ultrasound Guidance Using the Sonic Flashlight: A Novel Ultrasound Display System (2005)

The needle was easily and intuitively visualized and guided into the lesion, both within and outside of the US plane. By having the US image appear directly beneath the brain surface, the surgeon can easily and quickly guide the needle or surgical instrument to the lesion. The operator's eyes never have to leave the surgical field, as they do with CUS technology. The impact of this device on neurosurgical procedures could be significant. The ease of use, intuitive function, and small instrument size allow the surgeon to quickly localize lesions, confirm surgical positioning, and assess postoperative results.
Conjugate Addition of 3-Buytn-2-one to Anilines in Ethanol: Alkene Geometric Insights through In Situ FTIR Monitoring (2016)

A convenient, mild and effective conjugate addition of 3-butyn-2-one to a variety of anilines in ethanol is reported. The reaction was monitored and characterized through in situ FTIR, and the dynamics of the facile E/Z alkene geometry interconversion of the resultant aniline-derived enaminones was explored through NMR, FTIR and X-ray crystallography. A straightforward purification protocol that employs direct Kugelrohr distillation was identified, and the method was further extended to other amines and ynones, allowing rapid access to these interesting compounds.
Design Protection Barriers Against Flow-Like Landslides (2023)

Abstract The interaction of flow-like landslides with protection barriers is analyzed for their design. Three recent analysis approaches are briefly presented and applied to different landslide geometries. Approach no. 1 (empirical) allows estimating the impact force and flow kinetic energy over the time. Approach no. 2 (analytical) additionally provides the displacement of the barrier due to the impact. Approach no. 3 (numerical) fully simulates the Landslide-Structure-Interaction (LSI) also including the estimate of the amount of landslide volume overtopping the barrier. The required input parameters and the results achievable through the three approaches are illustrated and compared.
Development of Highly Sensitive Ion Imager Corresponding to Real-Time Readout Having Single-Ion Detectability (2012)

We designed a new type of stacked complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor active pixel sensor (SCAPS) for charged particles with real-time readout and single-ion detection capabilities. Here we present the characteristics of a new imager, SCAPS-II, which implements a newly devised pixel structure of 504×504 pixels for high sensitivity and a noise-reduction mechanism with analog accumulation capabilities inside the column readout circuits. The sensitivity for ions was estimated to be 150 µV/ion under 10 keV Si + ion irradiation, which is 5 times greater than that of conventional SCAPS. The noise floor was at the 3 ion level without the noise-reduction mechanism at a frame rate of 0.16 s/frame. The noise reduction mechanism reduced the noise to the 1.7 ion level at 0.3 s/frame with 13 samplings. A combination of the noise-reduction mechanism and a multiple-frame-averaging technique achieved a noise level of 0.3 ions. Single-ion detectability was demonstrated using a combination of the noise-reduction mechanism and the multiple-frame-averaging technique that reduced the noise to the 0.3 ion level with 13 samplings, employing an integration circuit and 50-frame averaging at 14.4 s/frame.
Production of K$^{*}(892)^{0}$ and $\phi(1020)$ in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV (2022)

The production of K$^{*}(892)^{0}$ and $\phi(1020)$ mesons in proton-proton (pp) and lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV has been measured using the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) distributions of K$^{*}(892)^{0}$ and $\phi(1020)$ mesons have been measured at midrapidity $(|y|&lt;0.5)$ up to $p_{\mathrm{T}} = 20$ GeV$/c$ in inelastic pp collisions and for several Pb-Pb collision centralities. The collision centrality and collision energy dependence of the average transverse momenta agree with the radial flow scenario observed with stable hadrons, showing that the effect is stronger for more central collisions and higher collision energies. The $\mathrm{K^{*0}/K}$ ratio is found to be suppressed in Pb-Pb collisions relative to pp collisions: this indicates a loss of the measured K$^{*}(892)^{0}$ signal due to rescattering of its decay products in the hadronic phase. In contrast, for the longer-lived $\phi(1020)$ mesons, no such suppression is observed. The nuclear modification factors ($R_{\rm AA}$) of K$^{*}(892)^{0}$ and $\phi(1020)$ mesons are calculated using pp reference spectra at the same collision energy. In central Pb-Pb collisions for $p_{\rm T} &gt; 8$ GeV$/c$, the $R_{\rm AA}$ values of K$^{*}(892)^{0}$ and $\phi(1020)$ are below unity and observed to be similar to those of pions, kaons, and (anti)protons. The $R_{\rm AA}$ values at high $p_{\mathrm T}$ for K$^{*}(892)^{0}$ and $\phi(1020)$ mesons are in agreement within uncertainties for $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5.02$ and 2.76 TeV.
Resistive Switching in Ge0.3Se0.7 Films by Means of Copper Ion Migration (2007)

Cu/Ge 0.3 Se 0.7 /Pt cells were prepared and bipolar resistive switching in Ge 0.3 Se 0.7 films by means of copper ion migration was examined. The cell was switched from the high to the low resistance state at about -50mV, and it was switched back to the high resistance state at about 100mV. The resistance ratio between the high and the low state was up to 200. Up to approximately 10 4 switching cycles were achieved. Pulse measurements showed that the two resistance states were tuneable by varying the applied voltage and the pulse length. Therefore, it is possible to store more than one bit per cell. The current density is independent of the electrode diameter, indicating that the cell can be scaled down to the range of nanometers. Due to the low switching voltages, non-destructive read out operation, high storage density, and scalability, such cells are promising for future memory applications.
Robust Bayesian method for simultaneous block sparse signal recovery with applications to face recognition (2016)

In this paper, we present a novel Bayesian approach to recover simultaneously block sparse signals in the presence of outliers. The key advantage of our proposed method is the ability to handle non-stationary outliers, i.e. outliers which have time varying support. We validate our approach with empirical results showing the superiority of the proposed method over competing approaches in synthetic data experiments as well as the multiple measurement face recognition problem.
The feeding biology of the gymnoblastic hydroid, Pennaria tiarella (1968)

Abstract The role in food capture of the nematocysts on the filiform and capitate tentacles of Pennaria tiarella is discussed. The feeding response of Pennaria tiarella to Artemia extracts consists of cone bending and mouth opening. A similar feeding response has been demonstrated to be induced by proline at concentration as low as 10 −6 M . Pipecolic acid, a proline analog, also elicits a feeding response. Proline causes the head of the capitate tentacles to shrink, thereby causing the cnidocils of the large stenoteles to be prominent.
The Estimation and Improvement of TTL Alignment Error Budgets for an Excimer Laser Aligner. (1993)

This paper describes studies on the alignment error budgets caused by a TTL (through the lens) alignment optical system (SMART : separated mark TTL alignment) for an excimer laser aligner. Alignment error factors, such as the optical phase fluctuation of the alignment beam, the inclination variation of the alignment incident beam, the tilt of the wafer and the reticle, and the defocus of the reticle, have been analyzed and estimated. It was demonstrated that the total error of the alignment optical system was required to be better than 0.02 μm in order to satisfy the positioning strategy of the excimer laser aligner with a 0.05 μm (3σ) overlay accuracy. Several compensation methods have been developed and adopted to SMART. As a result, it was obtained experimentally that the total error of the alignment optical system became better than 0.02 μm. It has met the development goal. The new SMART optical system which was adopted to the KrF excimer laser aligner showed an excellent performance with a better than 0.05 μm (3σ) overlay accuracy.