gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wet Etch Characteristics of Hafnium Silicate Layers (2006)

To facilitate selective removal of the gate dielectric toward the gate electrode, wet etch characteristics of and in acidified HF solutions were determined as a function of several process parameters. Etch behavior of Hf-silicates was found to be little influenced by the various chemical vapor deposition processes. The top part (0–2 nm) of thick Hf-silicate layers etched similar to as-deposited thin layers , while the bulk part etched significantly more slowly. However, etch rates were strongly dependent on composition (lower for Hf-rich silicates). Also, the removal rate of was mainly dependant on the amount of incorporated nitrogen and crystallization temperature. Thermally nitrided layers were easier to remove compared to plasma-nitrided layers. Postnitridation anneals at high temperature in nitrogen environment decreased the etch rate. After removal, Hf concentrations below for most of the layers under study were observed after a short (typically a few seconds) etch process in a single-wafer spin-cleaning tool.
SH2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase-SHP2 Attenuates Fibrotic Responses through Negative Regulation of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Lung Fibroblasts (2023)

SHP2 attenuates fibrotic responses in fibroblast cell lines through negative regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and induction of autophagy. SHP2 activation may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with fibrotic lung diseases.
Learning to say it well (2006)

This paper presents a method for adapting a language generator to the strengths and weaknesses of a synthetic voice, thereby improving the naturalness of synthetic speech in a spoken language dialogue system. The method trains a discriminative reranker to select paraphrases that are predicted to sound natural when synthesized. The ranker is trained on realizer and synthesizer features in supervised fashion, using human judgements of synthetic voice quality on a sample of the paraphrases representative of the generator's capability. Results from a cross-validation study indicate that discriminative paraphrase reranking can achieve substantial improvements in naturalness on average, ameliorating the problem of highly variable synthesis quality typically encountered with today's unit selection synthesizers.
Biological Correlates of Capsular (Quellung) Reactions of Cryptococcus neoformans (2000)

The capsular swelling or quellung reaction was reported almost 100 years ago and described the effect of Abs on the appearance of microbial capsules. Despite widespread use to assess Ab binding to capsules, relatively little is known as to the mechanism of this effect or its biological consequences. The fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is an attractive system to study capsule reactions because it has a large polysaccharide capsule that is readily visible by light microscopy. When viewed by differential interference contrast microscopy, binding of mAb to C. neoformans cells produced two distinct capsular reactions that depended on the Ab epitope specificity and the yeast serotype. In the first pattern, termed "rim," the capsule appears transparent with a highly refractive outer edge. In the second pattern, termed "puffy," the capsule appears opaque and lacks a highly refractive outer rim. mAbs that bind with a rim pattern suppress the overall rate of C3 deposition on the yeast via the classical and alternative complement pathways. In contrast, mAbs that bind with a puffy pattern do not affect C3 deposition. Protective and nonprotective IgM mAbs produce rim and puffy patterns, respectively. These results indicate that: 1) capsule reactions are a consequence of Ab-induced changes in capsular refractive index; 2) the type of capsule reaction depends on the Ab specificity; and 3) Ab-induced changes in refractive index correlate with biological activities important for host defense against C. neoformans. Our results provide the first evidence associating distinct capsule reaction patterns with Ab biological activity.
A 480-MHz, multi-phase interleaved buck DC-DC converter with hysteretic control (2004)

We propose an on-chip 1.8 V-to-0.9 V DC-DC converter aimed to reduce the input current and decoupling requirements of future microprocessors. By utilizing a 90-nm CMOS process, employing a four-phase hysteretic control, and operating at ultra-high frequency of 480-MHz, we achieved a 10% output droop with only 2.5 nF of on-chip decoupling, for 0.5 A of load current. No off-chip decoupling was connected to the output. At 480 MHz the measured efficiency was 72%. At 250 MHz, the efficiency improved to 76% at the cost of a 17% droop or larger decoupling of 11.5 nF. A converter with 100 A rating would require a capacitor of 0.5 /spl mu/F, which is comparable to the size of an on-chip capacitor of a typical microprocessor.
Diffusional Mediation of Surface Electron Transfer on TiO2 (1998)

The results of a kinetic study are reported for cross-surface electron transfer in the reversible oxidation of [OsII(bpy)2(4,4‘-(CO2H)2bpy)](PF6)2 to OsIII surface adsorbed to nanocrystalline TiO2 films on optically transparent ITO (tin-doped indium oxide) electrodes. The kinetics are sensitive to the extent of surface loading. From monolayers adsorbed from CH3CN, a percolation threshold of ∼60% was measured. Adsorption isotherms for [OsII(bpy)2(4,4‘-(CO2H)2bpy)](PF6)2 in EtOH and CH3CN show that surface coverage from EtOH is ∼60% of that from CH3CN at similar adsorbate concentrations. Apparent charge-transfer diffusion coefficients in 0.1 M [N(n-C4H9)4](PF6) in CH3CN measured by chronoabsorptometry are Dapp = 1.4 × 10-9 cm2/s (Γ = 1.1 × 10-10 mol/cm2, CH3CN) and 1.4 × 10-11 cm2/s (Γ = 7 × 10-11 mol/cm2, EtOH). Electron-transfer mediation of the oxidative component of the OsIII/II surface couple occurs in the presence of added Ru(bpy)32+ by stepping the potential past the Ru(bpy)33+/2+ wave. Mediation of both oxidative and reductive components occurs with added Os(bpy)32+. The apparent diffusion coefficient for oxidation of the OsIII/II surface couple in the presence of Ru(bpy)32+ increases linearly with the concentration of added mediator.
NATURAL HISTORY OF RUCURRENT HEPATITIS C AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION. (2000)

Cattral, Mark S.1; Malkan, Geeta1; Humar, Atul1; Wanless, Ian1; Hemming, Alan W.1; Lilly, Les1; Greig, Paul D.1; Grant, David1; Levy, Gary A.1 Author Information
Absolutely stable model-based 2-port force controller for telerobotic applications (2014)

Large industrial-like slave robots pose a challenging problem for telerobotic control designers focused on achieving good transparency. The human operator typically feels both the large friction forces and heavy inertial forces inherent to these robots. Force control can be used to attempt and hide these internal forces from the user, but force control is a challenging design problem, especially in situations like telerobotics where it is not clear what the environmental impedance will be at any given moment. This paper introduces a model-based force controller designed to reject the friction in slave robots to improve the overall transparency of the telerobotic system. The primary objective of the force controller is to ensure the closed loop slave 2-port is absolutely stable such that the controller maintains the robustness of the overall telerobot. An analysis is provided that shows that, in order to achieve absolute stability, a local slave-side force controller cannot hide any of the robot’s inertial forces. It is from this result that model-based force control gets its name as it uses a model of the robot’s inertial properties to reject friction forces without attempting to reject inertial forces.
Breaking the Curse of Visual Data Exploration: Improving Analyses by Building Bridges between Data World and Real World (2019)

Visual data exploration is a useful means to extract relevant information from large sets of data. The visual analytics pipeline processes data recorded from the real world to extract knowledge from gathered data. Subsequently, the resulting knowledge is associated with the real world and applied to it. However, the considered data for the analysis is usually only a small fraction of the actual real-world data and lacks above all in context information. It can easily happen that crucial context information is disregarded, leading to false conclusions about the real world. Therefore, conclusions and reasoning based on the analysis of this data pertain to the world represented by the data, and may not be valid for the real world. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of this discrepancy between the data world and the real world which has a high impact on the validity of analysis results in the real world. We propose two strategies which help to identify and remove specific differences between the data world and the real world. The usefulness and applicability of our strategies are demonstrated via several use cases.
Female ROMK null mice manifest more severe Bartter II phenotype on renal function and higher PGE2production (2008)

ROMK null mice with a high survival rate and varying severity of hydronephrosis provide a good model to study type II Bartter syndrome pathophysiology (26). During the development of such a colony, we found that more male than female null mice survived, 58.7% vs. 33.3%. To investigate the possible mechanism of this difference, we compared the survival rates, renal functions, degree of hydronephrosis, as well as PGE(2) and TXB(2) production between male and female ROMK wild-type and null mice. We observed that female ROMK Bartter's mice exhibited lower GFR (0.37 vs. 0.54 ml.min(-1).100 g BW(-1), P < 0.05) and higher fractional Na(+) excretion (0.66% vs. 0.48%, P < 0.05) than male Bartter's. No significant differences in acid-base parameters, urinary K(+) excretion, and plasma electrolyte concentrations were observed between sexes. In addition, we assessed the liquid retention rate in the kidney to evaluate the extent of hydronephrosis and observed that 67% of male and 90% of female ROMK null mice were hydronephrotic mice. Urinary PGE(2) excretion was higher in both sexes of ROMK null mice: 1.35 vs. 1.10 ng/24 h in males and 2.90 vs. 0.87 ng/24 h in females. TXB(2) excretion was higher in female mice in both wild-type and ROMK null mice. The increments of urinary PGE(2) and TXB(2) were significantly higher in female null mice than males, 233.33% vs. 22.74% of PGE(2) and 85.67% vs. 20.36% of TXB(2). These data demonstrate a more severe Bartter phenotype in female ROMK null mice, and higher PGE(2) and TXB(2) production may be one of the mechanisms of this manifestation.
Rational Design of a Novel Mononuclear Rhodium(II) Complex (2002)

Reaction of rhodium(I) with a multidentate hemilabile bisphosphine ligand yields a two-legged piano-stool complex whose steric and electronic factors stabilize rhodium(II) upon chemical oxidation. The inherent stabilizing properties of the ligand system allow for the first structural isolation of a novel mononuclear organometallic rhodium(II) complex in a two-legged piano-stool geometry.
A monolithic 200-V CMOS analog switch (1976)

A new high-voltage CMOS technology is described which can increase the operating voltage of these circuits to more than 200 V. This represents approximately an order of magnitude improvement over present-day commercially available CMOS devices. The technology is straightforward to implement and uses n-channel MOS transistors and high-voltage p-channel devices. As an example of the capability of the technology, a monolithic quad CMOS analog switch has been fabricated which can handle 200-V, 0.3-A analog signals, with a dynamic range in excess of 150 dB.
997 (2015)

Copyright © by 2015 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Structure of Class B GPCRs: new horizons for drug discovery (2014)

Class B GPCRs of the secretin family are important drug targets in many human diseases including diabetes, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease and psychiatric disorders. X-ray crystal structures for the glucagon receptor and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 have now been published. In this review, we analyse the new structures and how they compare with each other and with Class A and F receptors. We also consider the differences in druggability and possible similarity in the activation mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the potential for the design of small-molecule modulators for these important targets in drug discovery. This new structural insight allows, for the first time, structure-based drug design methods to be applied to Class B GPCRs.
Dopamine-β-Hydroxylase Activity and Levels of Its Cofactors and Other Biochemical Parameters in the Serum of Arsenicosis Patients of Bangladesh. (2014)

Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) is a neurotransmitter (catecholamine)-mediating enzyme, which catalyzes the formation of norepinephrine from dopamine. The levels of DBH activity, its coenzyme (ascorbic acid) and cofactor (Cu(++)) and other biochemical parameters were measured in the serum of 32 arsenicosis patients of Bangladesh at three different age groups, namely, group 1 (10-18 years, 9 patients), group 2 (19-40 years, 14 patients) and group 3 (41-70 years, 9 patients) of the locality of Stadium Para of Meherpur district of Bangladesh. The values were compared with the same number of age-matched normal healthy individuals of the respective group. DBH activity was markedly decreased in the patients of group 1 as compared to that of the normal healthy people. The activities of DBH were decreased to lesser extents for the other two age groups. The total protein contents in the serum of arsenicosis patients were also significantly low as compared to that in the age-matched control groups. The levels of ascorbic acid and copper were found to be decreased in the serum of arsenicosis patients. The serum glucose levels were elevated in arsenicosis patients, as compared to that of the respective healthy controls. Other parameters, such as zinc and vitamin A levels were also decreased in the serum of arsenicosis patients. It was evident from the results of drinking of the arsenic contaminated water of shallow tube wells that the levels of DBH activity decreased significantly as compared to the control healthy persons. The levels of proteins, ascorbic acid, copper, zinc and vitamin A were decreased in the serum of people drinking the arsenic contaminated tube wells water as compared to that in the control healthy people with the exception that the levels of glucose were elevated in the serum of these patients. The pathophysiological significance of the results could be correlated with the decreased in proteins and that in DBH activities as DBH deficiency is characterized by lack of sympathetic noradrenergic function.The general physiologic findings of autonomic function indicate that complete DBH deficiency include minimal or absent plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine.
New Topology of Direct Current Claw Pole machines for Stop-Start application (2017)

International audience
Improved Lower Bounds for Coded Caching (2015)

Content delivery networks often employ caching to reduce transmission rates from the central server to the end users. Recently, the technique of coded caching was introduced whereby coding in the caches and coded transmission signals from the central server are considered. Prior results in this area demonstrate that carefully designing the placement of content in the caches and designing appropriate coded delivery signals from the server allow for a system where the delivery rates can be significantly smaller than conventional schemes. However, matching upper and lower bounds on the transmission rate have not yet been obtained. In this work, we derive tighter lower bounds on the coded caching rate than were known previously. We demonstrate that this problem can equivalently be posed as a combinatorial problem of optimally labeling the leaves of a directed tree. Our proposed labeling algorithm allows for significantly improved lower bounds on the coded caching rate. Furthermore, we study certain structural properties of our algorithm that allow us to analytically quantify improvements on the rate lower bound for general values of the problem parameters. This allows us to obtain a multiplicative gap of at most four between the achievable rate and our lower bound.
A systems pathology model for predicting overall survival in patients with refractory, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with gefitinib (2007)

18065 Background: The abundant expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in a variety of solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck, breast, colon and brain has made it an attractive target for various selective molecular therapeutics, including the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. The recent evidence of activating mutations in EGFR combined with clinical - demographic features has suggested that subgroups of patients with NSCLC are most likely to respond to selective therapies. We sought to determine whether the integration of clinical variables, tumor morphometry and quantitative protein profiles using support vector machines could identify a set of features which predicts overall survival in patients with NSCLC treated with gefitinib. Methods: We analyzed tumor samples from 109 patients with advanced refractory NSCLC treated with gefitinib. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue samples were evaluated with the following assays: Hematoxylin and Eosin image morphometry, EGFR DNA mutation analysis, EGFR protein immunohistochemistry and quantitative immunofluorescence with the following antibodies: CK18, Ki67, Caspase 3 activated, cd34, EGFR, phosphorylated-EGFR, phosphorylated-ERK, phosphorylated-AKT, PTEN, Cyclin D1, phosphorylated-m-TOR, PI3-K, VEGF, KDR (VEGFR2) and phosphorylated KDR. A predictive model was developed using support vector regression for censored data. Results: 4 of 87 patients had tyrosine kinase domain mutations in exons 19, 20 or 21. Utilizing 51 patients with complete data profiles (i.e. clinical, image morphometry and immunofluorescence), a model predicting overall survival was developed with a concordance index of 0.74. Poor performance status, poorly differentiated histology by morphometry and increased levels of activated caspase 3, phosphorylated KDR (VEGFR2) and cyclin D1 were associated with reduced survival. Conclusion: The integration of clinical, imaging and biomarker data identified a set of features which were associated with a more aggressive disease phenotype and resulted in overall poor survival. [Table: see text]
Three dimensional elastic modulus reconstruction for non-invasive, quantitative monitoring of tissue scaffold mechanical property changes (2008)

The field of tissue engineering requires improved methods to monitor tissue growth and function as well as the degradation of biomaterial scaffolds following implantation. Invasive methods of monitoring, such as histology or direct mechanical measurements, are less than ideal. Non-invasive imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT) or conventional ultrasound (US) might only provide morphological information. However, US Elasticity Imaging (UEI) can provide mechanical property information, in the form of elastic modulus images, as well as morphological information. 3D UEI will provide the spatial distribution in 3D of the mechanical property information. This information can be used to characterize and monitor the internal structure and composition of the tissue and scaffold. In order to determine the feasibility of using quantitative 3D UEI to monitor tissue scaffolds, experiments were designed to image Poly (1, 8 Octanediol-co-Citrate) (POC) scaffolds before and following chemically induced weight degradation. In the absence of tissue in growth, the amount degradation is directly related to the scaffold's elastic modulus. For each degradation state, the scaffolds were imbedded in gelatin and imaged with a 3D US scanning system while undergoing a quasi-static compression. A novel US image registration algorithm was used to estimate the displacement field and an elastic modulus reconstruction algorithm was then applied to the estimated displacements. The reconstructed elastic modulus images compared well with direct mechanical measurements and the amount of degradation.
A lymphatic-absorbed multi-targeted kinase inhibitor for myelofibrosis therapy (2022)

Activation of compensatory signaling nodes in cancer often requires combination therapies that are frequently plagued by dose-limiting toxicities. Intestinal lymphatic drug absorption is seldom explored, although reduced toxicity and sustained drug levels would be anticipated to improve systemic bioavailability. A potent orally bioavailable multi-functional kinase inhibitor (LP-182) is described with intrinsic lymphatic partitioning for the combined targeting of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways without observable toxicity. We demonstrate selectivity and therapeutic efficacy through reduction of downstream kinase activation, amelioration of disease phenotypes, and improved survival in animal models of myelofibrosis. Our further characterization of synthetic and physiochemical properties for small molecule lymphatic uptake will support continued advancements in lymphatropic therapy for altering disease trajectories of a myriad of human disease indications.
Active Detection of Small Quantities of Shielded Highly-Enriched Uranium Using Low-Dose 60-keV Neutron Interrogation (2006)

Active interrogation with low-energy neutrons provides a search technique for shielded highly-enriched uranium. We describe the technique and show initial results using a low-dose 60 keV neutron beam. This technique produces a clear induced fission signal in the presence of small quantities of {sup 235}U. The technique has been validated with low-Z and high-Z shielding materials. The technique uses a forward-directed beam of 60 keV neutrons to induce fission in {sup 235}U. The induced fission produces fast neutrons which are then detected as the signature for {sup 235}U. The beam of neutrons is generated with a 1.93 MeV proton beam impinging on a natural lithium target. The proton beam is produced by a radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) LINAC. The 60 keV neutron beam is forward directed because the {sup 7}Li(p,n) reaction is just at threshold for the proton energy of 1.93 MeV.
VideoPoseVR: Authoring Virtual Reality Character Animations with Online Videos (2022)

We present VideoPoseVR, a video-based animation authoring workflow using online videos to author character animations in VR. It leverages the state-of-the-art deep learning approach to reconstruct 3D motions from online videos, caption the motions, and store them in a motion dataset. Creators can import the videos, search in the dataset, modify the motion timeline, and combine multiple motions from videos to author character animations in VR. We implemented a proof-of-concept prototype and conducted a user study to evaluate the feasibility of the video-based authoring approach as well as gather initial feedback of the prototype. The study results suggest that VideoPoseVR was easy to learn for novice users to author animations and enable rapid exploration of prototyping for applications such as entertainment, skills training, and crowd simulations.