gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Fluorous‐FMOC Reagents and Purification of Protected Dipeptides with Fluorous Solid Phase Extraction (2006)

Abstract Fluorous‐FMOC (f‐FMOC) reagents bearing C 4 F 9 or C 6 F 13 chains were prepared and the f‐FMOC protection for amino acid was conducted. Following peptide coupling, the resulting fluorous dipeptides were separated from the non‐fluorous by‐products effectively by using fluorous solid phase extraction.
Quantitative Ultrasonic Detection and Classification of Diffuse Liver Disease Comparison with Human Observer Performance (1989)

A multiparameter ultrasonic tissue characterization system has been developed and tested on several types of diffuse liver disease. The four tissue characterization parameters used are based on the first and second order statistics of the B-scan image. Performance of the system was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and was compared with the performance of experienced human observers viewing B-scan images. The machine-based multiparameter system achieved an area under the ROC curve (Az) of 0.88 for detection of chronic hepatitis in more than 100 proven cases of the disease. This was dramatically better than the performance of human observers (Az = .64, P less than .05) and compares favorably to the performance of other accepted diagnostic tests such as head CT and the PAP smear. For detection of Gaucher's disease, the Az for the system was .92, whereas for separating hepatitis from Gaucher's disease Az was .84. Human observers also did well at these tasks (P greater than .8) using organomegaly as their major criterion for diagnosing Gaucher's disease. For primary biliary cirrhosis the system Az was .80, for glycogen storage disease Az was .94. These results suggest that use of multiparameter tissue characterization can significantly increase the usefulness of ultrasound for evaluation of diffuse liver disease.
Polysulfide Shuttle Study in the Li/S Battery System (2004)

This work reports a quantitative analysis of the shuttle phenomenon in Li/S rechargeable batteries. The work encompasses theoretical models of the charge process, charge and discharge capacity, overcharge protection, thermal effects, self-discharge, and a comparison of simulated and experimental data. The work focused on the features of polysulfide chemistry and polysulfide interaction with the Li anode, a quantitative description of these phenomena, and their application to the development of a high-energy rechargeable battery. The objective is to present experimental evidence that self-discharge, charge-discharge efficiency, charge profile, and overcharge protection are all facets of the same phenomenon. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Synthesis of 8-Arylquinolines via One-Pot Pd-Catalyzed Borylation of Quinoline-8-yl Halides and Subsequent Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling (2011)

A one-pot process has been developed for the synthesis of 8-arylquinolines via Pd-catalyzed borylation of quinoline-8-yl halides and subsequent Suzuki-Miyaura coupling with aryl halides using n-BuPAd(2) as ligand. Yields of up to 98% were obtained.
Modifications in TL characteristics of K2Ca2(SO4)3 : Eu by7Li MeV ion beam (2005)

Highly sensitive K2Ca2(SO4)3 : Eu thermoluminescence detector phosphor was irradiated at room temperature by 7Li ion beams at 24 and 48 MeV for different ion fluences in the range 109–1012 ions/cm2 using a 16 MV Tandem Van de Graff Type Electrostatic Pelletron Accelerator at the Nuclear Science Centre, New Delhi, India. The samples from the same batch were also irradiated with γ-rays from a Cs137 source for comparative studies. Glow curves of the ion beam irradiated samples mainly consist of two prominent peaks at around 392 and 411 K while the γ-rays irradiated samples show only one peak at around 411 K. The appearance of the new peak (392 K peak) may be attributed to the defects/trapping centres due to 7Li ions that have been implanted deep inside during irradiation and act as a source of emission of thermoluminescence (TL). This was confirmed from the glow curve structure of Eu, Li ion co-doped samples.
Increase in aminobutyrate aminotransferase and cholineacetyltransferase in cerebrum of aged rats. (1990)

We previously reported an increase in aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA-T) activity in the cerebrum of Alzheimer patients. In the present study, we investigated whether such findings are common in the usual aging process as well. We examined the activity of various enzymes, which were examined in the previous study, in the cerebrum of Wistar-Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. In the two strains, we compared the enzyme activities between the two groups of animals, 5 weeks and 13 weeks of age. In both strains, the older animals had significantly higher activities of GABA-T and choline acetyltransferase (ChAc-T). In spite of other enzymatic changes coexisting, the above two enzymes were suggested by discriminant function analysis to be playing a major role in the multiple enzymatic changes in the cerebrum of the animals.
A sub- and near-threshold current model for silicon MESFETs (1988)

An analytical model for silicon MESFETs that predicts static current-voltage characteristics continuously from subthreshold through above-threshold operation has been developed. The model is based on an expression for the channel charge density derived from an analytical solution of Poisson's equation in one dimension including mobile electrons and holes. The closed-form current model is verified with measured data in all regimes of operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Metal-induced dopant (boron and phosphorus) activation process in amorphous germanium for monolithic three-dimensional integration (2009)

In this work, we investigate a low temperature boron (B) and phosphorus (P) activation in amorphous (α)-Ge using metal-induced crystallization technique. Eight candidates of metals (Pd, Cu, Ni, Au, Co, Al, Pt, and Ti) are used to crystallize the α-Ge at a low temperature. Resistivity measurement, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction analyses reveal behaviors of the metal-induced dopant activation process using the metals reacting with α-Ge. It is revealed that Co achieves the highest B and P activation ratio in Ge below 360 °C with a slow diffusion rate. This method can be utilized to activate gate, source, and drain of transistors on upper layers in three-dimensional integrated circuits, where low temperature processing is critical.
Morphology and Yield of Isogenic Diploid and Tetraploid Maize Inbreds and Hybrids (1989)

A potential use of induced polyploidy in maize ( Zea mays L.) is to increase total biomass production, for energy or silage production, by capitalizing on the direct consequences of chromosome duplication, i.e., larger cell and plant parts. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ploidy level per se on morphological traits and grain and stover yields in maize. Three diploid (2 n ) inbreds were derived as paternal haploids from homozygous autotetraploid (4 n ) inbreds. The In and 4 n inbreds and the three possible hybrids at each ploidy level were evaluated in 1986 and 1987 at each of two different planting dates. In general, 4n inbreds and hybrids had longer, wider leaves, larger stalk diameters, and higher grain and stover moisture than their 2 n counterparts. Stover, cob, grain, and total biomass yields were greater for 2 n inbreds and hybrids. Significant ploidy ✕ inbred and ploidy ✕ hybrid interactions resulting in reverse rankings at the 2n and 4 n levels were found for certain traits. Thus, ranking of genotypes at the In level is not necessarily indicative of their rankings at the 4 n level. These results do not support the use of 4 n polyploids to increase total biomass production.
The noise and crosstalk environment for ADSL and VDSL systems (1999)

This article provides an overview of the noise and, in particular, the crosstalk environment in which DSL technology needs to operate. Transmission on the copper access network is subject to impairments which limit the achievable information capacity, and there is an urgent need to ensure that all DSL systems are spectrally compatible if the capacity of the network is to be fully realized. This article discusses the principles of frequency planning in copper access networks that help to ensure compatibility of deployed systems.
Loss of heterozygosity in 7q myeloid disorders: clinical associations and genomic pathogenesis (2012)

Loss of heterozygosity affecting chromosome 7q is common in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, pointing toward the essential role of this region in disease phenotype and clonal evolution. The higher resolution offered by recently developed genomic platforms may be used to establish more precise clinical correlations and identify specific target genes. We analyzed a series of patients with myeloid disorders using recent genomic technologies (1458 by single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays [SNP-A], 226 by next-generation sequencing, and 183 by expression microarrays). Using SNP-A, we identified chromosome 7q loss of heterozygosity segments in 161 of 1458 patients (11%); 26% of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia patients harbored 7q uniparental disomy, of which 41% had a homozygous EZH2 mutation. In addition, we describe an SNP-A-isolated deletion 7 hypocellular myelodysplastic syndrome subset, with a high rate of progression. Using direct and parallel sequencing, we found no recurrent mutations in typically large deletion 7q and monosomy 7 patients. In contrast, we detected a markedly decreased expression of genes included in our SNP-A defined minimally deleted regions. Although a 2-hit model is present in most patients with 7q uniparental disomy and a myeloproliferative phenotype, haplodeficient expression of defined regions of 7q may underlie pathogenesis in patients with deletions and predominant dysplastic features.
Dimensioning of a Multi-Rate Network Transporting Variable Bit Rate TV Channels (2009)

We consider a centralised (client-server) digital TV network with heterogeneous receiver devices of different resolutions, requiring a multi-rate transport system. There exist two main ways to store and transport (streamed) TV channels in such a system: either by providing different single-layer versions of a channel (simulcast transport mode) or by keeping one multi-layered version (encoded e.g. in SVC) with extractable substreams. We propose one approximate analytical and two simulation methods to estimate the capacity demand in such a network with variable bit rate channels and we consider two behaviour models. In some TV distribution networks, the video is delivered in constant bit rate. However, this implies that the video quality is varying. In order to provide better quality of service (QoS), a network operator must deliver the channels in non-constant bit rate aiming in this way at constant video quality. Our models take into account also the correlations between the different resolutions of a channel. Starting from real experimental data, we obtain the necessary input to our models and explore two realistic TV network scenarios - with bouquets of 50 and 300 channels, respectively. The results by the three approaches correspond well (relative error of 0.5% at most). In the case of 50 channels, SVC outperforms simulcast in terms of required bandwidth, while in the case of 300 channels, SVC is outperformed by simulcast. Therefore, we conclude that it depends on the system parameters which of both transport strategies will be more beneficial to save network resources.
Measurement of fifth- and seventh-order nonlinearities of glasses (2006)

We extend the spectrally resolved two-beam coupling technique for measurements of cubic nonlinearities of materials to include higher-order nonlinearities. The governing equations of the extended technique are derived and applied to the analysis of the experimental measurements. We report the observation of saturation of the cubic optical nonlinearity of several glasses. Fifth- and seventh-order nonlinearities are required to account for the measured nonlinear phase shifts. The observation of saturable nonlinear indices accompanied by only moderate nonlinear absorption will be relevant to some applications.
Nurselike Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Have Gene Expression Profiles and Functional Characteristics That Are Distinct from Those of Monocytes or Dendritic Cells. (2005)

Abstract When CD14+ blood mononuclear cells are cultured with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells they can differentiate into “nurselike” cells (NLCs), which in turn can support the survival of CLL B cells in vitro and possibly in vivo. While factors that contribute to NLC-mediated support of CLL B cell survival have been identified, it is not clear how this cell type relates to other cell types that also can differentiate from CD14+ blood cells, such as monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). Prior studies have identified some phenotypic differences between NLCs, DCs, and other CD14+ blood mononuclear cells. Thus we hypothesized that these cell types may have different gene expression patterns that may relate to distinctive functional properties. To resolve this we examined the genes expressed by monocytes, NLCs, and immature DCs using Affymetrix U133 microarray analyses. Gene expression profiles were generated from the CD14+ monocyte progenitors, NLC, and DC from three different individuals. The expression profiles of DCs and NLCs differed from the CD14+ progenitors by the expression of many thousands of genes and NLC were distinguished from DCs by the expression of several hundred genes. Some of the genes expressed at higher levels in DCs relative to NLCs encode accessory molecules involved in antigen presentation. Consistent with this, we found that immature DCs were 10 times more effective than NLCs in presenting antigen to allogeneic T cells. DCs express toll like receptors (TLR) on their cell surface that recognize pathogen components and upon exposure to TLR ligands DCs undergo a maturation process, whereby they upregulate surface molecules and gain increased T cell stimulatory capacity. The expression of TLR2, 4, and 9 was analyzed in DCs and NLCs by RT PCR. Both DCs and NLCs were found to express mRNA for TLR2 and 4, but only NLCs expressed TLR9. In concordance with this, NLCs but not DCs unregulated MHC-II after exposure to nonmethylated CpG oligodeoxinucleotides (ODN), a TLR9 agonist, whereas both cell types upregulated MHC-II after exposure to lipopolysaccharide. Given the propensity of CD14+ cells to differentiate down a NLC pathway when co-cultured with leukemic B cells in vitro, we speculate that differentiation of CD14+ cells into NLCs may be favored in patients with CLL over differentiation into DCs. Given the relative differences in APC function of these two cell types, this may account in part for the acquired immune deficiency often observed in patients with this disease. On the other hand a stimulus like CpG ODN, might increase the ability of NLCs to activate T cells and decrease their ability to support CLL B cells survival.
Encephalitogenic peptide (EP) in human cerebrovascular white matter lesions (1997)

The expression of encephalitogenic peptide (EP), a 68-86 amino acid sequence of guinea pig myelin basic protein (MBP), was investigated in autopsied brains with focal cerebral damage or with diffuse white matter (WM) lesions. EP immunoreactive fibers were distributed in parallel with fibers immunoreactive for amyloid protein precursor (APP), an indicator of WM damages. EP was expressed in the periphery of cerebral infarctions and hematoma in the acute and subacute stages, but was also distributed in diffuse WM lesions due to heterogeneous causes. These data indicate that EP epitopes are exposed specifically in ongoing WM damages, and that the destruction of myelin occurs sporadically in diffuse WM lesions of varying intensity.
High luminous flux from single crystal phosphor-converted laser-based white lighting system (2015)

The efficiency droop of light emitting diodes (LEDs) with increasing current density limits the amount of light emitted per wafer area. Since low current densities are required for high efficiency operation, many LED die are needed for high power white light illumination systems. In contrast, the carrier density of laser diodes (LDs) clamps at threshold, so the efficiency of LDs does not droop above threshold and high efficiencies can be achieved at very high current densities. The use of a high power blue GaN-based LD coupled with a single crystal Ce-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce) sample was investigated for white light illumination applications. Under CW operation, a single phosphor-converted LD (pc-LD) die produced a peak luminous efficacy of 86.7 lm/W at 1.4 A and 4.24 V and a peak luminous flux of 1100 lm at 3.0 A and 4.85 V with a luminous efficacy of 75.6 lm/W. Simulations of a pc-LD confirm that the single crystal YAG:Ce sample did not experience thermal quenching at peak LD operating efficiency. These results show that a single pc-LD die is capable of emitting enough luminous flux for use in a high power white light illumination system.
Additive Manufacturing of 3D Structures Composed of Wood Materials (2019)

Abstract 3D objects composed of 100% wood components are 3D printed utilizing wood flour microparticles dispersed in a matrix composed of cellulose nanocrystals and xyloglucan. In the printed object, a wood waste product is “glued” with extracted wood products, to be a substitute for pristine wood. 3D printing is used to maximize conversion of low value materials into final products that exhibit visual, textural, and physical properties of natural timber. Several 3D printing technologies are applied to achieve a wide range of densities, mechanical properties, colors, and morphologies as well as high thermal insulation. Furthermore, the 3D printing process enables predesigning of fiber layout in the printed wood, which enables control of shrinkage orientation.
Arithmetic coding of speech and audio spectra using tcx based on linear predictive spectral envelopes (2015)

Unified speech and audio codecs often use a frequency domain coding technique of the transform coded excitation (TCX) type. It is based on modeling the speech source with a linear predictor, spectral weighting by a perceptual model and entropy coding of the frequency components. While previous approaches have used neighbouring frequency components to form a probability model for the entropy coder of spectral components, we propose to use the magnitude of the linear predictor to estimate the variance of spectral components. Since the linear predictor is transmitted in any case, this method does not require any additional side info. Subjective measurements show that the proposed methods give a statistically significant improvement in perceptual quality when the bit-rate is held constant. Consequently, the proposed method has been adopted to the 3GPP Enhanced Voice Services speech coding standard.
Basal Ganglia Iron Content Increases with Glioma Severity Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: A Potential Biomarker of Tumor Severity (2022)

The basal ganglia iron content increased with glioma severity. Basal ganglia iron levels may thus be a useful biomarker in glioma prognosis and treatment, especially with regard to iron-based cancer therapies.
Soft tissue sarcoma stiffness and perfusion evaluation by MRE and DCE-MRI for radiation therapy response assessment: a technical feasibility study (2019)

Soft tissue sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of malignancies that present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Patient stratification based on tumor aggressiveness and early therapeutic response based on quantitative imaging may improve prediction of treatment response and the evaluation of new treatment strategies in clinical trials. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the technical feasibility of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI for the evaluation of sarcoma stiffness and perfusion in 9 patients with histologically confirmed sarcoma. Additionally, we assessed the feasibility of utilizing MRE and DCE-MRI for the early evaluation of response to radiation therapy in 4 patients to determine the utility of further evaluation in a larger cohort study. Tumor size, stiffness, and perfusion parameters all decreased from baseline at the time of the pre-surgery or follow-up MRI, and results were compared to pathology or conventional imaging. MRE and DCE-MRI may be useful for the quantitative evaluation of tumor stiffness and perfusion, and therapy response assessment in soft tissue sarcomas.
Intracellular distribution of human SIRT7 and mapping of the nuclear/nucleolar localization signal (2013)

Sirtuins belong to a class of NAD-dependent deacetylases, and include seven distinct isoforms, of which SIRT7 is the least studied member. In the present study, the subcellular expression of SIRT7 in primary fibroblasts undergoing senescence was evaluated by immunocytochemistry and immunoblot assay. Expression of nucleolar SIRT7 in young fibroblast was very prominent, decreased in pre-senescent cells, and became undetectable in the senescent cells. Interestingly, we observed previously unreported staining for cytoplasmic SIRT7 in fibroblasts, and report the existence of a steady-state level of SIRT7 in cytoplasm. Selective localization of the high-molecular-mass (47.5 kDa) SIRT7 in the cytoplasmic fraction and the low-molecular-mass (45 kDa) SIRT7 in the nuclear fraction was observed in the immunoblot analysis of various cell types. The specificity of the N-terminal antibodies for detection of cytoplasmic SIRT7 was confirmed by RNAi and peptide competition assays. The two forms of SIRT7 showed reciprocal expression following serum starvation, nocodazole and okadaic acid treatments, and also during senescence. Using a combination of deletion constructs and site-directed mutagenesis, we defined the role of two distinct SIRT7 sequences in the N-terminal region (amino acids 61-76, LQGRSRRREGLKRRQE) and the C-terminal region (amino acids 392-400, KRTKRKKVT) for nuclear and nucleolar import, respectively. In conclusion, we report for the first time the existence of a cytoplasmic pool of SIRT7 in addition to its well-known nucleolar form, identify distinct localization signals for its nuclear/nucleolar targeting, and describe an association between loss of nucleolar SIRT7 and replicative senescence.
Fresnel-regime Coherent Diffractive Imaging using a Tabletop Soft X-ray Source (2012)

Coherent x-ray diffractive imaging (CXDI) is a powerful technique for wavelength-limited, ultrafast images. We present a novel analysis and demonstration of Fresnel-regime (near field) CXDI with a tabletop 13 nm high harmonic generation source.
Description of 38 novel ARMC5 variants and review of the literature: the updated mutational landscape of ARMC5 in Bilateral Macronodular Adrenocortical Disease (2023)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Bioengineering Changes in Spastic Cerebral Palsy Groups following Cerebellar Stimulation (1985)

Quantitative bioengineering tests were performed on 30 spastic cerebral palsy (CP) patients who underwent chronic cerebellar stimulation (CCS) using the fully implantable pulse generator (Neurolith 601, 1.1-1.8 microC/cm2/phase). Using respiratory inductive plethysmography to measure 8 patients with paroxysmal and/or ataxic breathing patterns, 5 were shown to revert to normal with 3 others markedly improved within 5 months of CCS. Compliance testing of the ankle was performed on 4 patients who showed improvement in 9 of the 16 tests performed. Motor performance ability was evaluated with 9 comprehensive tests in 17 patients. Following 1-2 weeks of CCS, 52% showed performance increases greater than 10%, increasing to 62% during the first year.