gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Ligand-Mediated Pituitary Somatostatin Receptor Subtype Signaling: Implications for Corticotroph Tumor Therapy (2009)

Pituitary targeted pharmacotherapy for Cushing’s disease is challenging and ineffective. Unlike octreotide and lanreotide, the multisomatostatin receptor (SST) analog pasireotide that exhibits SST5 greater than SST2 binding affinity offers potential for treating Cushing’s disease. Because corticotroph cells express SST5 more abundantly than SST2, pasireotide likely exerts superior corticotroph action mainly through SST5. However, there is no direct evidence for this assumption, and moreover, the ligand effect on corticotroph SST2 is not known. We used AtT20 mouse pituitary corticotroph tumor cells stably overexpressing SST2 or SST5 and TtT/GF mouse pituitary folliculostellate cells stably or transiently expressing SST receptors to examine ligand-receptor activation by SST2- and SST5-selective agonists. We show that pasireotide was more potent than either octreotide or somatostatin-14 in mouse corticotroph cells. Pasireotide potency is not affected by SST2 abundance, SST2 antagonist treatment, or octreotide cotreatment in SST2-overexpressing cells. Pasireotide also does not induce SST2 internalization and attenuates octreotide or SRIF14-induced SST2 internalization only at superphysiological dose ranges. In contrast, octreotide attenuates pasireotide potency in SST5-overexpressing cells. Moreover, short exposure to pasireotide causes prolonged inhibition of forskolin or CRH-induced cAMP accumulation, in contrast to somatostatin-14- and SST2-selective agonists that induced postwithdrawal cAMP rebound. Long-term pasireotide signaling effects are enhanced by SST5 overexpression. The results indicate that SST5 determines short- and long-term enhanced pasireotide action in corticotroph cells, whereas the ligand action on SST2 is negligible.
Advances in 2-5 micrometer (Hg, Cd)Te photodiodes (1976)

Detection of 2-5 micrometer infrared radiation is important both for earth resources and for thermal imaging applications. In this paper we present new results on 2-5µm (Hg, Cd)Te photodiode arrays. 2.1µm photodiodes achieve D* = 6.0 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> cm Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> /W at 300K and D* = 5.0 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> /W at 193K. The photodiodes have surface leakage resistance greater than 1.0 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> Ω. The devices display no 1/f noise to less than 0.1 Hz and have response linear in signal power to better than 0.5 percent. Arrays display uniformity of responsivity within ± 3 percent. The diode saturation current is limited by generation-recombination in the depletion layer with an effective lifetime of 6.0 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> sec. 2.7µm photodiodes achieve D* <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">λ</inf> = 1.0 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> cm Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> /W at 300K and D* <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">λ</inf> = 5.0 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> cm Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> /W at 193K. 4.8µm photodiodes achieve D* <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">λ</inf> = 8.0 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> cm Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> /W at 170K and 2.0 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> /W at 77K and zero background. This paper will present these recent data and compare them with theory.
Meta Distribution of Downlink SIR for Binomial Point Processes (2021)

The meta distribution (MD) of the signal to interference ratio (SIR) extends stochastic geometry analysis from spatial averages to reveals find-grained information about the network performance. There have been several efforts to establish the MD framework for the Poisson point process (PPP) and other ergodic point processes. However, the MD analysis for finite point processes is overlooked. In this letter, we develop the MD of the binomial point process (BPP), which is practical for cases with a priori knowledge about the number of devices as well as their geographical spatial existence. For such finite models, we define the MD as a location-dependent likelihood of a receiver to achieve a required SIR with a probability more than a predefined threshold. This letter also extends the MD of the BPP to find the MD of finite PPP and verifies the convergence of the newly derived MD to the ergodic PPP's MD. The obtained analytical derivations are validated using Monte-Carlo simulations.
Suture‐Based Debris Behavior in the Draining Lymph Nodes of a Porcine Knee: A Study of Silicone, Polyethylene and Carbon (2019)

The clinical use of a suture containing a silicone/salt central core is common, and the porcine lymphatic model suggests that this type of suture material does not result in clinically significant silicone particulates.
The development of the extravascular defibrillator with substernal lead placement: A new Frontier for device‐based treatment of sudden cardiac arrest (2022)

The EV ICD may represent a clinically valuable solution in protecting patients from sudden cardiac death while avoiding the long-term consequences of transvenous hardware. The EV ICD offers advantages over transvenous and subcutaneous systems by avoiding placement in the heart and vasculature; relative to subcutaneous systems, EV ICD requires less energy for defibrillation, enabling a smaller device, and provides pacing features such as antitachycardia and asystole pacing in a single system.
Effects of W6+ Doping of TiO2 on the Reactivity of Supported Rh toward NO:  Transient FTIR and Mass Spectroscopy Studies (1997)

The transient adsorption and dissociation of NO over Rh supported on undoped and W6+-doped TiO2 in the temperature range of 25−450 °C has been studied by FTIR and mass spectroscopy. It was found that at 25 °C three kinds of adsorbed NO species are formed on the Rh surface of Rh/TiO2 catalyst, namely Rh−NO+ (1920 cm-1), Rh−NO (1840 cm-1), and Rh−NO- (1750 cm-1), while several adsorbed nitrate species are formed on the TiO2 support (1610−1240 cm-1). On the other hand, in the case of Rh supported on W6+-doped TiO2, two additional infrared bands at 1680 and 1620 cm-1 are produced (not observed over W6+-doped TiO2 alone). The infrared band at 1680 cm-1 is suggested to be due to a Rh−NO- species adsorbed on a different site than that corresponding to 1750 cm-1, while that at 1620 cm-1 is due to a nitrate species associated with an oxygen adatom on the Rh surface and a surface oxygen atom of the support. In the temperature range of 100−450 °C, the effect of carrier doping is to largely increase the extent of transient NO decomposition and selectivity towards N2 formation. The influence of W6+-doping of the TiO2 carrier on the reactivity of Rh crystallites toward NO is discussed considering the fact that doping modifies the electronic structure of the TiO2 carrier, which in turn modifies the electronic state of surface Rh atoms via electronic interactions at the metal−support interface. Furthermore, because of the significant enhancement of the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the W6+-doped TiO2, as compared to the undoped TiO2 surface, oxygen adatoms formed by dissociation of NO on the Rh surface can migrate onto these vacancies at high temperatures. As a result, higher NO dissociation rates with prolonged reaction periods are obtained.
Addition of Prostate Volume and Prostate-specific Antigen Density to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Prostate Cancer Nomograms (2021)

Addition of prostate volume or prostate-specific antigen density to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center prediction schemes did not improve the prediction of recurrence of prostate cancer after removal of the prostate.
Immunostimulation by OX40 Ligand Transgenic Ewing Sarcoma Cells (2015)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) transgenic Ewing sarcoma cells can induce tumor specific T and NK cell responses and reduce tumor growth in vivo and in vitro. Nevertheless, the efficiency of this stimulation is not high enough to inhibit tumor growth completely. In addition to recognition of the cognate antigen, optimal T-cell stimulation requires signals from so-called co-stimulatory molecules. Several members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily have been identified as co-stimulatory molecules that can augment antitumor immune responses. OX40 (CD134) and OX40 ligand (OX40L = CD252; also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand family member 4) is one example of such receptor/ligand pair with co-stimulatory function. In the present investigation, we generated OX40L transgenic Ewing sarcoma cells and tested their immunostimulatory activity in vitro. OX40L transgenic Ewing sarcoma cells showed preserved expression of Ewing sarcoma-associated (anti)gens including lipase member I, cyclin D1 (CCND1), cytochrome P450 family member 26B1 (CYP26B1), and the Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1-friend leukemia virus integration 1 (EWSR1-FLI1) oncogene. OX40L-expressing tumor cells showed a trend for enhanced immune stimulation against Ewing sarcoma cells in combination with IL-2 and stimulation of CD137. Our data suggest that inclusion of the OX40/OX40L pathway of co-stimulation might improve immunotherapy strategies for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma.
Autocrine Interferon‐β Stimulation Augments Nitric Oxide Production by Mouse Macrophage J774A.1 Cells Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (2000)

The pathogenic roles of nitric oxide (NO) in mouse models have been reported for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-induced pneumonia as well as endotoxin shock. We compared the mechanism of NO production induced by HSV-1 with that induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using a mouse macrophage cell line, J774A.1. Both HSV-1 and LPS induced NO production as well as antiviral activity, which were attenuated by anti-interferon (IFN)-beta treatment. These results suggest that autocrine IFN-beta plays a role in NO release by J774A.1 cells stimulated with HSV-1 or LPS.
Graded refractive index silicon oxynitride thin film characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry (1992)

A graded refractive index silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy) thin film was prepared on a silicon substrate by ion assisted deposition. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) was used to optically analyze the film. The measured SE spectra (2500–8200 Å) were analyzed with several fitting models, whose construction was based on an Auger depth profile of the film. In each model, the optical response of SiOxNy was described using the Bruggeman effective medium approximation, by modeling it as a physical mixture of two distinct phases: silicon dioxide and silicon nitride. Grading was modeled by varying the silicon nitride volume fraction with depth below the surface, according to an assumed profile. Fitting results were very sensitive to the profile chosen, which was different for each model. Experimentation with the profile led to a model which produced a remarkably good fit, over the entire spectral range. As a result, the film thickness and its refractive index profile were determined. The index profile determined by SE analysis was found to be consistent with the Auger profile.
A Repeated Measures fMRI Study of the Effects of Learning on a Tower of London Task (2009)

The Tower of London task (TOL) is a common test to measure executive function impairment in patients with a number of psychiatric conditions (e.g., schizophrenia, depression). Although substantial research has been carried out to investigate cortical interconnections and functional involvements in complex planning, little is known about the effect of learning in regard to the nature of changes in behavior and cortical activation for Tower of London test performance. In contrast to commonly used single session designs, we repeatedly measured 8 healthy subjects (3 male) three times over a period of three weeks in a task load - balanced TOL design. In addition, long term effects were targeted in a 6 months follow up measurement. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed for the sessions duringweek 1, week 3 and after 6 months. In order to obtain unbiased activation maps of the targeted cognitive functions, a perceptually matched control condition (calculation task) was introduced into the established TOL protocol (Dockery et al. 2009).Marked behavioral effects and substantial changes in functional activation maps over sessions suggest the importance of learning on functional reorganization in higher cognitive functioning such as complex planning processes. Our findings are discussed in light of established theoretical concepts and possible future applications.
BGP Flow Specification Filter for MPLS Label (2016)

This draft proposes BGP flow specification rules that are used to
filter MPLS labeled packets.
Low-power, optically switched fibre directional coupler (1989)

The design, fabrication and operation of a low power alloptical switch are described. A CW compact disc laser of ≪ 1 mW switches a 1.3μm signal in the fibre-based device.
Scheduling for Optimal File-Transfer Delay using Chunked Random Linear Network Coding Broadcast (2019)

We study the broadcast transmission of a single file to an arbitrary number of receivers using Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) in a network with unreliable channels. Due to the increased computational complexity of the decoding process (especially for large files), we apply chunked RLNC (i.e., RLNC is applied within non-overlapping subsets of the file). In our work, we show the optimality of the Least Received (LR) batch scheduling policy with regards to the expected file transfer completion time. The LR policy strives to keep the receiver queues balanced . This is done by transmitting packets (corresponding to encoded batches) that are needed by the receivers with the shortest queues of successfully received packets. Furthermore, we provide formulas for the expected time for the file transmission to all receivers using the LR batch scheduling policy and the minimum achievable coding window size in the case of a pre-defined delay constraint. Moreover, we evaluate through simulations a modification of the LR policy in a more realistic system setting with reduced feedback from the receivers. Finally, we provide an initial analysis and further modifications to the LR policy for time-correlated channels and asymmetric channels.
Ge-redistributed poly-Si/SiGe stack gate (GRPSG) for high-performance CMOSFETs (2002)

A Ge-redistributed poly-Si/SiGe stack gate (GRPSG) has been proposed to improve the current performance of PMOS without the degradation of NMOS for sub-0.1 /spl mu/m CMOSFETs with ultrathin gate oxide. Ge diffusion into the poly-Si layer was promoted more by ion implantation of N-type dopants such as P and As rather than P-type dopants. NMOS and PMOS had different Ge concentrations at the interface between gate electrode and gate oxide by an additional anneal to redistribute the Ge profile. The current performance of NMOS with GRPSG with low Ge content (<5%) was not degraded, while that of PMOS with GRPSG with high Ge content (>20%) was improved due to suppression of the poly-depletion effect and boron penetration. In addition, the gate reoxidation was modified to reduce G/sub m/ degradation by reduced gate bird's beak. High-performance 70 nm-CMOSFETs were successfully fabricated using the simple GRPSG process.
Stratified B-trees and versioned dictionaries (2011)

External-memory versioned dictionaries are fundamental to file systems, databases and many other algorithms. The ubiquitous data structure is the copy-on-write (CoW) B-tree. Unfortunately, it doesn't inherit the B-tree's optimality properties; it has poor space utilization, cannot offer fast updates, and relies on random IO to scale. We describe the 'stratified B-tree', which is the first versioned dictionary offering fast updates and an optimal tradeoff between space, query and update costs.
Computer optical interconnects (2002)

Summary form only given. The use of photonics to meet the demands on interconnect technology, posed by the growing complexity of chips, boards, backplanes, and computing machines is addressed. In the field of optical interconnects, the distances involved are so short that attenuation and dispersion may not be the dominant phenomena, and other properties of lightwave signals come into play. Of great importance is the freedom of adjacent optical channels from crosstalk at even extremely high data rates. In some cases it can be shown that optical interconnect solutions will require less communication power than electrical solutions. Optical interconnects are now being experimented with at various levels of the interconnect hierarchy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reconstructing APT Datasets: Challenging the Limits of the Possible (2017)

International audience
Thermoplastic welding apparatus and method (2023)

A thermoplastic welding apparatus includes a thermoplastic welding tool, at least one tooling surface in the thermoplastic welding tool, a magnetic induction coil in the thermoplastic welding tool and generally encircling the at least one tooling surface and at least one smart susceptor in the thermoplastic welding tool at the at least one tooling surface. The magnetic induction coil is adapted to generate a magnetic flux field oriented generally parallel to a plane of the at least one smart susceptor.
Security Pitfalls of Frame-by-Frame Approaches to Video Watermarking (2004)

Watermarking digital video material is usually considered as watermarking a sequence of still images. However, such a frame-by-frame approach is very risky since straightforward embedding strategies can result in poor performance in terms of security i.e., against hostile attacks. As examples, two very common video-watermarking systems will be presented as well as the associated intra-video collusion attacks which defeat them. Then, both watermark modulation and embedding strength modulation will be surveyed to design alternative embedding strategies which exhibit superior performance against such attacks. Nevertheless, it will also be shown that an expert attacker can still construct an effective watermark removal attack. Finally, there will be a discussion to assert whether or not security against intra-video collusion can be achieved with such blind frame-by-frame embedding strategies.
Improvement of polyphenols extraction from grape pomace using Pulsed Arc Electro-hydraulic Discharges (2009)

This work aims at producing high dynamic shock waves by Pulsed Arc Electro-hydraulic Discharges (PAED) in a water based mixture in order to increase polyphenols extraction from grape pomace. Grape pomace is the main winemaking by-product composed of skins, seeds and stems. They contained valuable compounds like polyphenols. These molecules have attracted interest for their antioxidant activity. A triggered air-gap switch was used to discharge capacitors into the mixture containing grape pomace and water. The gap switch breakdown (40 kV maximum pulse voltage) produced a high dynamic shock wave in the liquid. The pulse energies were set to 160 J and 4 kJ with a pulse repetition frequency of 0.5 Hz. The contents of total solutes and total polyphenols of extracts were obtained by the values of degree Brix and absorbance at 280 nm respectively. Results point out the intensification of the extraction of total solutes and total polyphenols from grape pomace after PAED treatment. However, maintaining constant the ratio of energy to product mass (in our case, it was equal to 0.53 J/g) was not enough to obtain similar results for laboratory and semi-pilot experiments. Other parameters should be taken into account (treatment chamber design, pressure wave distribution ...). For example, a treatment of 53 kJ/kg at the laboratory scale gives similar results as a treatment of 160 kJ/kg at the pilot scale. In these conditions, the content of polyphenols in extracts is approximately 300 mg/L and the degree Brix is 1.2%.
The effectiveness and mechanism of collagen-induced topical hemostasis. (1975)

Microcrystalline collagen is a recently developed material possessing remarkable topical hemostatic properties. The potential utility of this substance for cardiovascular surgery was evaluated in a canine arterial bleeding model. A hemostatic protocol allowed comparison of initial and final hemostasis rates as well as the time required to accomplish hemostasis. The results of these studies revealed that microcrystalline collagen, or MCC, achieved hemostasis more frequently and rapidly than either pressure alone or oxidized cellulose cloth. MCC also was highly effective initially after large doses of heparin and in the presence of platelets with function rendered deficient by acetyl salicylate. Only in the presence of profound thrombocytopenia was any loss of initial effectiveness observed. Some delayed hemorrhage occurred in the heparin-treated groups leading to a lessened incidence of final hemostasis, a result intimately related to MCC's probable mechanism of action. However, even under the extreme conditions imposed by this severe experimental model, MCC remained effective in greater than 70 percent of the trials. On this basis MCC seems to possess great potential as a useful adjunct during cardiovascular surgical procedures.
chemopreventive efficacy of honokiol on experimentally induced hamster buccal pouch squamous cell carcinoma (2022)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of honokiol on induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) squmase cell carcinoma (SCC). Material and methods: Thirty hamsters were used and divided into three group(s) (G(S)), 10 each. GI (normal) was left untreated, the right HBP in GII were painted with 0.5% DMBA (3times/week/14weeks). GIII was treated as GII, in addition, they received honokiol. After termination of experiment, the hamsters were clinically examined, then, euthanized. After that, HBP was excised and routinely prepared for histological examination using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain to record the histopathological findings and the depth of invasion, and histochemically examination utilizing AgNOR stain and picrosiures red stain as proliferative and invasive marker respectively, to record the mean area percentages for statistical analysis. Results: Gross and histopathological observations revealed variable changes in GIII compared to GII. The statistical analysis results, for the depth of invasion, revealed high significant difference between GII and GIII, with p-value: Conclusions: Honokiol significantly inhibited of invasion, proliferative activity and tumor progression in DMBA induced HBP SCCS.