gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SU‐GG‐J‐68: Developing Contrast Enhanced Biodegradable Markers to Enhance Image Guided Radiation Therapy (2008)

Purpose: Surgical markers implanted during the removal of tumors prior to radiation treatment are used to guide radiation therapy. Current markers are permanent and frequently difficult to image. Our purpose is to develop and analyze contrast enhanced bioabsorbable polymer markers which are detectable in both planning CT images and the delivery verification images from Electronic Portal Imaging Devices (EPID), MegaVoltage Computed Tomography (MVCT), and Cone‐beam CT (CBCT) . Method and Materials: We created bioabsorbable, radio‐opaque surgical markers formed into either small cylinders or as a quick‐setting injectable liquid that solidifies. Contrast agent was blended with PLGA (poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) polymer, a bioabsorbable polymer approved for surgical usage. Percent composition of was varied to optimize imaging visibility. Four blends of PLGA cylindrical polymer markers with 5%, 10%, 20%, and 25% loading densities of were made for preliminary measurements. Markers were imaged with EPID, CBCT, CT, and MVCT in various phantoms for image quality analysis. The injectable formulation was made by dissolving the PLGA in N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), a low‐toxicity, organic solvent at concentrations ranging from 20–40% PLG. To study degradation rates polymer implants with contrast were implanted into 10% gelatin phantoms. CT scans were acquired periodically over 5 weeks to monitor marker stability. Final candidate blends were implanted in rats for testing imaging, biocompatibility, and material stability. Results: Results show biodegradable polymer can be blended with contrast, producing markers which can be imaged with CBCT, MVCT, EPID, and CT modalities. Markers are stable and biocompatible in test animals. Conclusion: The blends of 20 – 25% additive bioabsorbable markers were visible in all imaging modalities and therapy sites tested. In vivo animal testing demonstrated stability and biocompatibility. Contrast enhanced markers show great promise and further investigations should be pursued, especially with the increased emphasis on partial breast treatments.
Does Prior Cartilage Restoration Negatively Impact Outcomes of Knee Arthroplasty? (2015)

Cartilage restoration procedures are being performed with increasing frequency and if these procedures fail, patients may require unicompartmental (UKA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to alleviate their symptoms. The purpose of this study was to compare patients who failed a cartilage restoration procedure to matched-controls undergoing primary knee arthroplasty.
Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Pediatric Rehabilitation (2014)

PSH, whether causative or not, is associated with a worse long-term course in rehabilitation. Clinical management of PSH may be helped by a number of acutely administered drug therapies.
Chemometrics‐Based Approach to Feature Selection of Chromatographic Profiles and its Application to Search Active Fraction of Herbal Medicine (2013)

In our previous report (J Pharmaceut Biomed 56 (2011) 443-447), a support vector machine (SVM)-based pharmacodynamic model was established for predicting active fractions of herbal medicines (HMs), where information contents embedded in the chromatograms of the fractions were represented with the peak areas. However, in this representation the global characteristics of the chromatograms were completely missed, which is definitely contrary to the global and holistic views in theories of HMs and undoubtedly reduce the success rate of this model. To deal with the challenge, two chemometrics methods, that is, minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) and particle swarm optimizer (PSO), were applied in this article for feature selection of the whole chromatograms, and the PSO was also used to tune the SVM parameters. As a case, a sample HM, that is, Xiangdan injection, was investigated. The predictive accuracy was fully evaluated and compared with those by other popular and reported methods. Furthermore, the confirmation on the independent predicting set exhibited that the predicted bioactivities were well consistent with the experimental values. The important potential application of the present model is to be extended to help search active fractions of other HMs.
On L-band double loop, fractional-N digital synthesizer (2002)

Using a double PLL loop approach together with a deferential-cyclic-fractional-N design, we have developed a L-band digital frequency synthesizer to achieve SSB noise as low as -75 dBc/Hz at 100 Hz offset, step size at 12.5 kHz and a lock-up time at 500 /spl mu/s maximum.
Filament-assisted diamond growth kinetics (1991)

We have measured the growth rate of chemical vapor deposition diamond films under filament-assisted conditions using a microbalance. The pressure was varied from 20 to 200 Torr, and the ratio R of CH4 to H2 was varied from 0.2% to 1%. Raman spectra showed only diamond features for our films. We found that for R≳0.2%, where filament carburization was not an issue, the growth rate scaled as Rα, where α is an empirical constant that varies from about 1 at 20 Torr to about 0.5 at 200 Torr. A comparison of these results to predictions of our gas-phase/gas-surface model for diamond growth shows that the model accurately predicts both the value of α and how α varies with pressure. Reasons for the success of our very simple model are discussed.
Chemosensitisation of cancer cells by KU-0060648, a potent and selective inhibitor of DNA-PK [abstract] (2008)

4080 DNA double strand breaks (DSB) are profoundly cytotoxic unless rapidly repaired. Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the predominant pathway of repair in mammalian cells. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a member of the PI3-kinase like kinase (PIKK) family, is an essential component of NHEJ. DNA-PK inhibition is therefore an attractive target for radio- and chemosensitisation in cancer therapy.  We have developed a series of DNA-PK inhibitors of increasing potency culminating in KU-0060648, IC50 = 8.6 nM with 20-1000-fold selectivity for DNA-PK over other PIKKs and a panel of 60 kinases. At non-cytotoxic concentrations KU-0060648 (≤ 1 μM) increased the cytotoxicity of the topoisomerase II poisons, doxorubicin and etoposide, in a panel of human cancer cell lines. Potentiation of 100 nM doxorubicin cytotoxicity ranged from 3-fold in MDA-MB-231 cells to 107-fold in MCF7 cells and potentiation of 1 μM etoposide cytotoxicity ranged from 3-fold in MDA-MB-231 cells to 105-fold in SW620 cells. KU-0060648 increased doxorubicin-dependent H2AX phosphorylation, consistent with increased DNA damage resulting in cytotoxicity. Studies in DNA-PK proficient and deficient cells demonstrated that chemo and radio-sensitisation by KU-0060648 was DNA-PK specific.  KU-0060648 has been administered i.v. (25 mg/kg), i.p. (25 mg/kg) and p.o (100 mg/kg) to mice without adverse toxicity. Plasma and tissue pharmacokinetic studies show that tumour levels commensurate with sensitisation in vitro can be maintained for at least 4 hours following administration of 10 mg/kg i.p. KU-0060648 showed 100% bioavailability by oral administration at 10mg/kg, and a t1/2 of >2h. Pharmacodynamic assays demonstrate inhibition of DNA-PK activity in tumours. In mice bearing SW620 xenografts the etoposide (10 mg/kg dailyx5)-induced tumour growth delay of 0.5 days was significantly extended to 5 days by KU-0060648 (10 mg/kg 2xdailyx5).  In conclusion, KU-0060648 is a potent and selective DNA-PK inhibitor. It has acceptable PK and DNA-PK is inhibited in target tissues at tolerable doses. It is a potent chemosensitiser in models of common human malignancies in vitro and in vivo.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3,5‐Diaryl Isoxazoline/Isoxazole Linked 2, 3‐Dihydroquinazolinone Hybrids as Anticancer Agents. (2011)

Abstract Novel 3,5‐diaryl isoxazoline/isoxazole linked 2,3‐dihydroquinazoline hybrids are synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity.
Effect of Aspect Ratio and Deformability on Nanoparticle Extravasation through Nanopores (2021)

We describe the fabrication of filamentous hydrogel nanoparticles using a unique soft lithography based particle molding process referred to as PRINT (Particle Replication in Non-wetting Templates). The nanoparticles possess a constant width of 80 nm, and we varied their lengths ranging from 180 nm to 5000 nm. In addition to varying the aspect ratio of the particles, the deformability of the particles was tuned by varying the cross-link density within the particle matrix. Size characteristics such as hydrodynamic diameter and persistence length of the particles were analyzed using dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy techniques, respectively, while particle deformability was assessed by atomic force microscopy. Additionally, the ability of the particles to pass through membranes containing 0.2 μm pores was assessed by means of a simple filtration technique, and particle recovery was determined using fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that particle recovery is mostly independent of aspect ratio at all cross-linker concentrations utilized, with the exception of 96 wt% PEG diacrylate 80 × 5000 nm particles, which showed the lowest percent recovery.
Estimating Properties of Flow Statistics using Bootstrap (2004)

Traffic measurement has been gaining increasing attention of the network community in the last years, due to its application in a variety of important areas, such as traffic engineering and network planning. Much effort has been devoted to passive flow measurement since collecting packet-level information in high speed links makes this process extremely complex and expensive. There are some techniques for dealing with flow statistics in current commercial routers and associated measurement infrastructure. However, even though flow-level information is more compact than packet-level information, transmitting and storing it would still impose a significant burden on the operation of a typical Internet Service Provider (ISP). In this paper, we advocate that only a small portion of the flow records need to be preserved for further processing. We propose the use of the Bootstrap resampling technique for deriving statistical properties from a previously preprocessed sampled set of flows. Our results show that only 10% or less of the original sampled statistics is necessary in order for Bootstrap to reconstruct the main characteristics of the original raw flow records.
Nitric oxide modulates the transfer function between cones and horizontal cells during changing conditions of ambient illumination (2004)

It has been suggested that nitric oxide (NO) serves as a retinal neuromodulator, adjusting retinal function to changing conditions of adaptation. We tested this hypothesis in the intact turtle retina by recording the photoresponses of L-cones and L1-horizontal cells, while changing retinal NO level and background illumination. Raising the retinal level of NO, by adding an NO donor (sodium nitroprusside) or the precursor for NO synthesis (L-arginine), induced response augmentation in L-cones and L1-horizontal cells. Lowering retinal level of NO by adding L-NAME, an inhibitor of NO synthesis, reduced the amplitudes of the photoresponses in these retinal neurons. The transfer function between L-cones and L1-horizontal cells, constructed from the photoresponses of these cells, was modified by NO and by background lights. The nonlinear transfer function, characteristic of the dark-adapted retina, became linear and of low gain when the retinal NO level was increased or by increasing the level of ambient illumination. In contrast, inhibiting NO synthesis in the light-adapted retina induced nonlinearity in the cone-to-horizontal cell transfer function similar to that seen in the dark-adapted state. NADPH diaphorase histochemistry, conducted on isolated retinal cells, demonstrated activity in cone inner segments and distal process of Müller cells. These findings support the hypothesis that NO synthesis in the distal turtle retina is triggered by background illumination, and that NO acts to adjust the modes of visual information processing in the outer plexiform layer to the conditions required during continuous background illumination.
Supplementary Methods from Nanobody-Based Targeting of the Macrophage Mannose Receptor for Effective <i>In Vivo</i> Imaging of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 125K, This file contains Supplementary Methods, used for experiments only shown in the Supplementary Figures&lt;/p&gt;
RTD Fluxgate performance for application in magnetic label-based bioassay: preliminary results (2006)

Magnetic bioassay is becoming of great interest in several application including magnetic separation, drug delivery, hyperthermia treatments, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic labelling. The latter can be used to localize bio-entities (e.g. cancer tissues) by using magnetic markers and high sensitive detectors. To this aim SQUIDs can be adopted, however this result in a quite sophisticated and complex method involving high cost and complex set-up. In this paper, the possibility to adopt RTD fluxgate magnetometers as alternative low cost solution to perform magnetic bio-sensing is investigated. Some experimental results are shown that encourage to pursue this approach in order to obtain simple devices that can detect a certain number of magnetic particles accumulated onto a small surface such to be useful for diagnosis purposes.
Solute transport in non‐aqueous nanofiltration: effect of membrane material (2005)

Abstract Nanofiltration experiments in methanol and ethanol were carried out for six reference components with different molecular weights (MW 228–880) and polarities (log P 0–12). The contribution of diffusion to solute transport, calculations based on results from cell diffusion experiments, was found to be only 1–7%; solute transport occurs mainly by convection. Furthermore, it was found that solute transport is influenced by solute–solvent–membrane interactions. Solvent–solute interactions (solvation) cause a different effective solute diameter in each solvent: it is smaller in ethanol than in methanol, resulting in lower rejections in ethanol than in methanol. Solute rejection increases with increasing molecular size (for components with similar polarity). Solute–membrane interactions were expressed in polarity terms and charge effects. A decrease of the rejection with decreasing solute polarity (for components with similar MW) was observed. Since non‐polar components (high log P ) are exposed to smaller repulsion forces from the polymeric membrane material, the resistance against solute permeation is lower for these components. The solvent–membrane interactions were found to result in solvation of the pore wall; the degree of membrane solvation is different for each solvent. It is determined by the affinity between the solvent and the membrane, and by the molecular size of the solvent. In ethanol, hydrophilic membranes show a larger drop in solute rejection than hydrophobic membranes. The differences in solvent–membrane affinity (measured by contact angle) are much smaller for the first membranes, and therefore pore wall solvation decreases with increasing solvent size. Hydrophobic membranes have a much larger affinity for ethanol than for methanol, leading to stronger interactions, but undergo competitive forces due to the larger solvent size. Therefore, the difference in degree of solvation and effective pore diameter is less pronounced. Based on these three observed or postulated interactions, rejections of all six reference solutes in methanol and ethanol could be explained. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
MONITORAMENTO E CONTROLE DE DESGASTE DO REFRATÁRIO PARA OPERAÇÕES CONTÍNUAS DE ALTO-FORNO (2016)

Uma das principais razes para o reparo de altos-fornos a perda do revestimento refratrio, principalmente nas regies da soleira e onde so feitos os furos de corrida. A operao intensa dos altos-fornos pode resultar em desgaste e deteorizao extensiva do material refratrio. Isto pode, ento, afetar a continuidade das operaes e a vida til do forno. Novo-Lipetsk (NLMK) e a Hatch desenvolveram uma abordagem sistemtica para monitorar a condio do revestimento da soleira dos altos-fornos usando Acousto Ultrasonic-Eco (AU-E), um sistema de ensaios nodestrutivos desenvolvido pela Hatch. Inspees contnuas e peridicas dos altosfornos revelaram reas com deteriorao acelerada do material refratrio, formao extensa de "elefant foot" e acelerado desgaste do refratrio, assim como fissuras e outras anomalias. Para prolongar a vida do forno, mantendo a intensidade de suas operaes, algumas modificaes, tais como a melhoria da qualidade do coque e da limpeza das placas de resfriamento e adio de xido de titnio, entre outras medidas, foram recomendadas e aplicadas
Fault tolerance of a large-scale multicast output buffered ATM switch (2002)

In the paper, the fault detection, fault location, and reconfiguration schemes for a large-scale multicast output buffered ATM switch (MOBAS) are proposed. The architecture of the MOBAS has a regular and uniform structure and, thus, has the advantages of: (1) easy expansion due to the modular structure, (2) high integration density for VLSI implementation, (3) relaxed synchronization for data and clock signals, and (4) building the center switch fabric with a single type of chip. It is difficult to achieve fault tolerance in binary self-routing networks without adding additional switching planes, stages, or switching elements in order to have multiple paths due to their characteristics of a unique routing path between any input and output pair. However, since the MOBAS intrinsically has multiple paths between any input and output, it is inherently robust for faults without need to add any additional switching elements. The fault-tolerance of the MOBAS is shown through the performance analysis of the MOBAS under various fault conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mycobacterial F420H2-Dependent Reductases Promiscuously Reduce Diverse Compounds through a Common Mechanism (2017)

An unusual aspect of actinobacterial metabolism is the use of the redox cofactor F<sub>420</sub>. Studies have shown that actinobacterial F<sub>420</sub>H<sub>2</sub>-dependent reductases promiscuously hydrogenate diverse organic compounds in biodegradative and biosynthetic processes. These enzymes therefore represent promising candidates for next-generation industrial biocatalysts. In this work, we undertook the first broad survey of these enzymes as potential industrial biocatalysts by exploring the extent, as well as mechanistic and structural bases, of their substrate promiscuity. We expressed and purified 11 enzymes from seven subgroups of the flavin/deazaflavin oxidoreductase (FDOR) superfamily (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, B4) from the model soil actinobacterium <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i>. These enzymes reduced compounds from six chemical classes, including fundamental monocycles such as a cyclohexenone, a dihydropyran, and pyrones, as well as more complex quinone, coumarin, and arylmethane compounds. Substrate range and reduction rates varied between the enzymes, with the A1, A3, and B1 groups exhibiting greatest promiscuity. Molecular docking studies suggested that structurally diverse compounds are accommodated in the large substrate-binding pocket of the most promiscuous FDOR through hydrophobic interactions with conserved aromatic residues and the isoalloxazine headgroup of F<sub>420</sub>H<sub>2</sub>. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of derivatized reaction products showed reduction occurred through a common mechanism involving hydride transfer from F<sub>420</sub>H<sup>-</sup> to the electron-deficient alkene groups of substrates. Reduction occurs when the hydride donor (C5 of F<sub>420</sub>H<sup>-</sup>) is proximal to the acceptor (electrophilic alkene of the substrate). These findings suggest that engineered actinobacterial F<sub>420</sub>H<sub>2</sub>-dependent reductases are promising novel biocatalysts for the facile transformation of a wide range of α,β-unsaturated compounds.
Re: Epigenetic Silencing of the Dual-Role Signal Mediator, ANGPTL4 in Tumor Tissues and Its Overexpression in the Urothelial Carcinoma Microenvironment (2019)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey1 Jun 2019Re: Epigenetic Silencing of the Dual-Role Signal Mediator, ANGPTL4 in Tumor Tissues and Its Overexpression in the Urothelial Carcinoma Microenvironment Anthony AtalaMD Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.JU.0000554638.04362.15AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Epigenetic Silencing of the Dual-Role Signal Mediator, ANGPTL4 in Tumor Tissues and Its Overexpression in the Urothelial Carcinoma Microenvironment." The Journal of Urology, 201(6), p. 1057 Suggested Reading : Beta-catenin mutations correlate with over expression of C-myc and cyclin D1 genes in bladder cancer. J Urol 2002; 168: 2220. Link, Google Scholar : Adjuvant cisplatin chemotherapy following cystectomy for bladder cancer: results of a prospective randomized trial. J Urol 1994; 152: 81. Link, Google Scholar © 2019 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 201Issue 6June 2019Page: 1057-1057 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2019 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Dynamic of the Optical Matrix Element in Type II GaAsSb/GaAs Quantum Dots for Laser Applications (2009)

We present time resolved photoluminescence supported by k·p modeling of type II quantum dots. In the measured spectra two effects were observed; an initially fast decay time rises dramatically as the number of carriers is depleted, which reduces the optical matrix element, and at the same time, a strong red shift of the emission wavelength is observed.
The effects of multiple modes and reduced symmetry on the rapidity and robustness of slow contraction (2021)

We demonstrate that the rapidity and robustness of slow contraction in homogenizing and flattening the universe found in simulations in which the initial conditions were restricted to non-perturbative variations described by a single Fourier mode along only a single spatial direction are in general enhanced if the initial variations are along two spatial directions, include multiple modes, and thereby have reduced symmetry. Particularly significant are shear effects that only become possible when variations are allowed along two or more spatial dimensions. Based on the numerical results, we conjecture that the counterintuitive enhancement occurs because more degrees of freedom are activated which drive spacetime away from an unstable Kasner fixed point and towards the stable Friedmann-Robertson-Walker fixed point.