gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The definition of RPDIV in impulsive testing and the effect of the electrical conditioning on the variability of the results (2020)

This paper investigates the effect of preconditioning on the variability of the results when measuring the Repetitive Partial Discharges Inception Voltage (RPDIV) of electrical insulation systems subjected to impulsive voltage stresses. The reference International Standard considered in the following (IEC 60034-18-41 [1]) defines the RPDIV as the minimum voltage at which at least five Partial Discharges (PD) occurs in ten voltage impulses applied. Many testing devices have been designed according to such definition: they inject ten voltage impulses and, if five of them trigger PD events, the voltage is recorded as the RPDIV. Otherwise, the voltage is increased until the RPDIV condition is met. On the other hand, other systems focus their analysis on the time behavior of the PD probability in the course of the tests. They do not simply record the RPDIV at the ratio where the number of PDs is greater than 0.5 times the voltage surges, but when it is persistently larger than such threshold. It has been noted that the PD probability (i.e. the number of PD per number of voltage pulses) shows a non-monotone behavior during the RPDIV measurements and consistent variations above and below the 50% threshold occur. Therefore, results coming from the types of equipment having the two different approaches are often noticeably different and, as a consequence, the RPDIV results using different measurement systems might vary depending on how this parameter is calculated. This paper proposes the electrical conditioning as a possible procedure to reduce this variation, and thus to have results independent from the measuring apparatus.
All-optical implementation of the inverted neural network model (1990)

The Inverted Neural Network (INN) model especially designed for optical implementation is presented. This model takes into account the physical constraints imposed by conventional optical components and ensures that all the connections are positive. Thus subtraction of light intensities is not required for implementation nor are electronic computations. In the laboratory realization of the INN model a liquid crystal light valve fulfills the function of an array of neurons while an array of subholograxns serves as the interconnects. The overall network was tested with 64 neurons and four stable states. 1. INTRODTJCTION Several problems have to be solved in order to realize neural network models optically. The first problem stems from the fact that most models consist of both positive and negative interconnects. Conventional solutions to this problem usually involve electronic subtractions or dynamic threshold levels. It has been recently shown1''2 how the Hopfleld model can be modified into a model with positive values only. An all-optical realization of the modified model for 16 neurons and two stable states has also been demonstrated1 . The second problem that has to be considered is the fact that most of the optical devices that are used for realizing the neurons cannot exhibit very sharp thresholding. Although neurons with graded response have collective computational properties like those of two state neurons the memory capacity of Hopfield-type networks decreases as the slope of the neural
Routine Adoption of TIMP2 and IGFBP7 Biomarkers in Cardiac Surgery for Early Identification of Acute Kidney Injury (2017)

Our study has implications in clinical practice: when a Nephrocheck Test result is >0.3 ng/dL, an automated electronic alert prompts the physician to intervene by following a checklist of preventive measures.
Mode-locked fiber laser using SU8 resist incorporating carbon nanotubes (2011)

We report the fabrication of a saturable absorber made of a novel polymer SU8 doped with Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs). A passive mode-locked ring cavity fiber laser was built with a 100 &#956;m thick SU8/SWCNT film inserted between two FC/APC connectors. Self-starting passively mode-locked lasing operation was observed at 1572.04 nm, with a FWHM of 3.26 nm. The autocorrelation trace was 1.536 ps corresponding to a pulse-width of 871 fs. The time-bandwidth product was 0.344, which is close enough to transform-limited sech squared pulses. The repetition rate was 21.27 MHz, and a maximum average output power of 1 mW was also measured.
Erratum to: Measurements of top-quark pair differential and double-differential cross-sections in the $$\ell $$+jets channel with pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ TeV using the ATLAS detector [Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 1028] (2020)

Corrections for five figures and six tables are noted for the paper, which do not affect the conclusions reported.
Addressable high power VCSEL array system for printing applications (2022)

We present a new concept for pixelated heating with high spatial resolution (~ 100 um) and high power densities (~ 10^4 W/cm^2), using high-power VCSEL arrays. Based on this concept, we developed a laser system with 3456 individually addressable pixels, with a total maximum output power of ~ 6 kW. Together with our partner EOS we integrated this system into a new generation of polymer 3D printing machines. Functional polymer parts of very high quality could be demonstrated. Due to the high parallelism and the high power, the production speed could be increased by about 10x compared to the best conventional SLS machines with scanning lasers.
Supporting figure legends and methods from Novel Selective Agents for the Degradation of Androgen Receptor Variants to Treat Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Captions for supporting data and detailed methods for chemical synthesis and standard biochemical assays&lt;/p&gt;
Humidity-controlled mesostructuration in CTAB-templated silica thin film processing. The existence of a modulable steady state (2002)

A study is presented of the self-assembly process that takes place during CTAB-templated silica film formation through in situ SAXS, interferometry and water titration investigations during evaporation associated with dip coating under various conditions. This work shows that the quantity of water present in the film when the mesostructuration takes place depends on the relative humidity (RH) during deposition. Indeed, the system contains considerable quantities of water at high RH, while it loses water at low RH. The water content is demonstrated to be a critical parameter, as poorly ordered, 2D-hexagonal or 3D-cubic final structures are obtained, depending on the RH, in agreement with the general physico-chemical laws of CTAB mesophases. Furthermore, changing the RH or the solvent vapour pressure just after evaporation induces a film composition change and a potential mesostructure modification, evidencing a modulable steady state, during which the mesostructure can be modified by external influences. The present study pinpoints the role of processing conditions that are often considered secondary to chemical conditions. The conclusions of this study into the CTAB–TEOS system are also relevant to other surfactant-templated systems which undergo evaporation-controlled self-assembly.
Novel function of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate as a cofactor for brain membrane phospholipase D. (1994)

The activation of phospholipase D (PLD) is a receptor-mediated event that has been implicated in signal transduction and membrane traffic in eukaryotic cells. Little is known about the biochemical and molecular properties of signal-activated PLDs, and none has been isolated. Here we report that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) potently stimulates brain membrane PLD activity in vitro in a highly specific manner. PIP2 increases 10-fold the maximal activity of a partially purified PLD with an EC50 of < 0.5 mol %. Other acidic phospholipids, including phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid, are completely or nearly ineffective. Neomycin, a high affinity ligand of PIP2, inhibits membrane-bound PLD but has no effect on the activity of a detergent-solubilized or partially purified enzyme. The addition of PIP2 restores the sensitivity of partially purified PLD to neomycin inhibition, indicating that neomycin blocks membrane PLD activity by binding to endogenous PIP2. These results define a novel function of PIP2 as a cofactor for brain membrane PLD and suggest that PIP2 synthesis and hydrolysis could be important determinants in regulating PLD action in signal transduction and membrane transport.
Bridging the gap between Planning and Surveying with Augmented Reality User Interfaces (2011)

ACM 978-1-4503-0541-9/11/08-09. This paper describes a mobile augmented reality approach for on-site 3D visualization of underground infrastructure networks. The visualizations are automatically generated from Geographic Information Systems (GIS). To support the surveying of new infrastructure, an innovative workflow for planning and surveying of geospatial data is proposed. Moreover, we report on first results from field trials.
MICROFLUIDIC SELECTIVE ELECTROCHEMICAL LYSIS (∝SEL) FOR ISOLATING PROKARYOTES FROM BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES (2008)

We are developing a microfluidic Selective Electrochemical Lysis (∝SEL) to differentiate cell types based on their biophysical lysing mechanisms. This method is being applied towards the isolation and identification of bacteria in whole blood. We show that prokaryotes have a significantly different response to electrochemical lysis than eukaryotes, and captitalize on this difference for diagnostic applications. Conventional diagnosis of blood infections such as septicemia and menigitis require a blood culture, which can take up to three days. The ∝SEL method introduced here concentrates all cell types from the sample, and subsequently isolates the prokaryotes using locally generated hydroxide in microfluidic chamber.
Optimal linear receiver for frame synchronization in TDMA systems (2002)

The most common technique for frame synchronization in TDMA systems is to precede the data burst by a unique word and detect it with a correlation receiver. However, the correlation receiver is not optimal because it does not take into account the known periodic 1-0 bit pattern for symbol timing synchronization preceding the unique word. In this paper we derive the optimal linear receiver for frame synchronization in an additive white Gaussian noise environment. A nominal change in the correlation receiver coefficients is required to implement the new receiver, leaving the receiver structure unchanged. The new receiver outperforms the correlation receiver by a signal to noise ratio of 1.5, 2.4, 3.07 and 0.6 dB for some of the unique words used in practise.
Dielectric vacuum breakdown mechanism and its relationship with electron field emission (2005)

A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the dielectric breakdown, in vacuum, when the dielectric is subjected to high voltage pulses of 100 ns FWHM. Using a standard surface finish on the base metal, the quality of the appearance of the dielectric coating surface before breakdown was correlated with the macroscopic appearance of the dielectric coating point of failure after the breakdown. Photos and diagrams are shown of the different dielectric coating point of failure and its structure. A probable failure mechanism is established by using the macroscopic appearance observations and its relationship with the breakdown voltage and whether damage was observed on the anode surface. Based on these observations, we have arrived at a flow diagram that shows the different macroscopic paths that will lead to a catastrophic dielectric coating failure. A comprehensive description of the dielectric failure mechanism at short pulses (< 100 ns) is proposed. The mechanism invokes the relationship between the characteristic relaxation time of the dielectric and the electron emission from the dielectric surface. We introduce the concept of phonon-electron-ion interaction to generate a perturbation on the dielectric, that when in resonance will facilitate breakdown failure. Injection of charge carriers is explained by the effect of exploding whiskers and adsorbed atoms in the surface of the metal-dielectric interface. The proposed mechanism for short pulses evolves and includes some previously described models to explain failures at long pulses and DC conditions. There is no current theory to explain the failure of dielectric materials at pulses of 100 ns or shorter. The proposed mechanism will be further tested in the laboratory experimentally and the results reported at a later date. This work was performed under contract with Sandia National Laboratories Contract No. 55-1406.
Mechanics of microelectronics structures as revealed by X-ray diffraction (2007)

The presence of strain distributions within semiconductor features influences many aspects of their behavior. For example, microelectronic technology that incorporates strained silicon improves device performance by increasing carrier mobility in the Si channels. Because current semiconductor fabrication contains multiple levels of metallic and dielectric structures, an understanding of the mechanical response of the constituent elements is critical to the prediction of the overall device performance. In addition, the interaction of strain fields between adjacent structures becomes greater as feature sizes decrease and the corresponding feature density increases. The use of synchrotron-based X-ray methods allows one to determine the interaction between strained features and their environment at a submicron resolution. Real-space mapping of strain distributions in pseudomorphically strained, raised SiGe structures revealed that elastic relaxation extends approximately 20 times the feature thickness from their edges. X-ray topographic methods were also applied to map the substrate deformation induced by overlying SiGe features. A formulation based on the classical Ewald-von Laue theory of dynamical diffraction was derived to match the measured diffraction profiles.
Harnessing Recent Advances in Synthetic DNA and Electroporation Technologies for Rapid Vaccine Development Against COVID-19 and Other Emerging Infectious Diseases (2020)

DNA vaccines are considered as a third-generation vaccination approach in which antigenic materials are encoded as DNA plasmids for direct <i>in vivo</i> production to elicit adaptive immunity. As compared to other platforms, DNA vaccination is considered to have a strong safety profile, as DNA plasmids neither replicate nor elicit vector-directed immune responses in hosts. While earlier work found the immune responses induced by DNA vaccines to be sub-optimal in larger mammals and humans, recent developments in key synthetic DNA and electroporation delivery technologies have now allowed DNA vaccines to elicit significantly more potent and consistent responses in several clinical studies. This paper will review findings from the recent clinical and preclinical studies on DNA vaccines targeting emerging infectious diseases (EID) including COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the technological advancements pivotal to the improved responses-including the use of the advanced delivery technology, DNA-encoded cytokine/mucosal adjuvants, and innovative concepts in immunogen design. With continuous advancement over the past three decades, the DNA approach is now poised to develop vaccines against COVID-19, as well as other EIDs.
Assessment of low-coverage nanopore long read sequencing for SNP genotyping in doubled haploid canola (Brassica napus L.) (2019)

Despite the high accuracy of short read sequencing (SRS), there are still issues with attaining accurate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes at low sequencing coverage and in highly duplicated genomes due to misalignment. Long read sequencing (LRS) systems, including the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) minION, have become popular options for de novo genome assembly and structural variant characterisation. The current high error rate often requires substantial post-sequencing correction and would appear to prevent the adoption of this system for SNP genotyping, but nanopore sequencing errors are largely random. Using low coverage ONT minION sequencing for genotyping of pre-validated SNP loci was examined in 9 canola doubled haploids. The minION genotypes were compared to the Illumina sequences to determine the extent and nature of genotype discrepancies between the two systems. The significant increase in read length improved alignment to the genome and the absence of classical SRS biases results in a more even representation of the genome. Sequencing errors are present, primarily in the form of heterozygous genotypes, which can be removed in completely homozygous backgrounds but requires more advanced bioinformatics in heterozygous genomes. Developments in this technology are promising for routine genotyping in the future.
Charge carrier concentration dependence of ultrafast plasmonic relaxation in conducting metal oxide nanocrystals (2017)

The tunability of the localized surface plasmon resonances of doped metal oxides also impact their thermal relaxation.
The Loop B Domain Is Physically Separable from the Loop A Domain in the Hairpin Ribozyme (1996)

In order to understand the catalysis mechanism of the hairpin ribozyme, mutant ribozymes were constructed. The distance between the loop A domain and the loop B domain was extended by inserting various lengths of nucleotide linkers at the hinge region in cis mutants, or the domains were separated physically in a trans mutant. All the mutant ribozymes, including the trans mutant, could cleave substrate RNA at the predicted site. A cis mutant with a single nucleotide insertion exhibited cleavage activity about twice as high as that of the wild-type (wt) ribozyme. The insertion of 2-5 nucleotides (nt) gradually reduced the activity to the level of the wt ribozyme. Insertion of a longer linker, up to 11 nt, resulted in the reduction of activity to one half of that of the wt ribozyme. The ribozyme with a single nucleotide insertion at the hinge region seems to form a more suitable conformation for catalysis by three-dimensional fold-back of the loop B to loop A containing the cleavage site. The trans mutant, in which the A and B domains were physically separated, maintained a significant level of activity, suggesting that both domains are necessary for catalysis, but separable. These results demonstrate that interaction between the A and B domains results in catalysis.
Bovine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Are More Resistant to Apoptosis than Testicular Cells in Response to Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (2014)

Although the androgen receptor (AR) has been implicated in the promotion of apoptosis in testicular cells (TSCs), the molecular pathway underlying AR-mediated apoptosis and its sensitivity to environmental hormones in TSCs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) remain unclear. We generated the iPSCs from bovine TSCs via the electroporation of OCT4. The established iPSCs were supplemented with leukemia inhibitory factor and bone morphogenetic protein 4 to maintain and stabilize the expression of stemness genes and their pluripotency. Apoptosis signaling was assessed after exposure to mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the active metabolite of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Here, we report that iPSCs were more resistant to MEHP-induced apoptosis than were original TSCs. MEHP also repressed the expression of AR and inactivated WNT signaling, and then led to the commitment of cells to apoptosis via the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21CIP1. The loss of the frizzed receptor 7 and the gain of p21CIP were responsible for the stimulatory effect of MEHP on AR-mediated apoptosis. Our results suggest that testicular iPSCs can be used to study the signaling pathways involved in the response to environmental disruptors, and to assess the toxicity of environmental endocrine disruptors in terms of the maintenance of stemness and pluripotency.
Space occupancy using multiple shadowimages (2002)

Addresses the problem of estimating 3D space occupancy using video imagery in the context of mobile robotics. A stationary robot observes a cluttered scene from a single viewpoint, and a second robot illuminates the scene from a sequence of directions thus producing a sequence of grey-level images. Differences of successive images are used to compute a sequence of shadowimages. The problem is to compute free space and occupied space from these shadowimages. Solutions to this problem are known for the special case of terrain scenes. The authors generalize these solutions to non-terrain scenes by making two key observations. First, there is a subset constraint on the shadowimages of a non-terrain scene, which allows the visible surfaces of a non-terrain scene to be recovered by a terrain-based technique. Second, the remaining regions of the shadowimages provide a conservative estimate of the occupied space hidden by these visible surfaces.
Two-form two-state analysis of polarizabilities of push pull molecules (1998)

We describe push–pull molecules, using a two-form two-state model, and define a parameter, MIX, that characterizes the mixing between the two limiting-resonance forms. MIX is related to the difference between the weight of each form in either the ground or the first-excited state. We have established analytical relationships between static polarizabilities and MIX. The optimum MIX value that yields maximized quadratic polarizability βmax(0) occurs when the mixing is intermediate between equivalent contributions of the two limiting forms and the strong predominance of either form. By examining experimental results obtained with push–pull polyenes, we show that not only MIX but also βmax(0) is affected by the nature of the donor–acceptor end groups as well as by the size of the polyenic linker. The results also help us to understand the length dependences of the quadratic polarizability measured in solution for series of push–pull polyenes. These dependences result from a combination of MIX and βmax(0) variations with increasing chain length.
Totally synthetic analogues of siastatin B. I. Optically active 2-acetamidopiperidine derivatives. (1992)

Totally synthetic analogues of siastatin B, optically active 2-acetamido-3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidines having the nitromethyl, aminomethyl and carboxyl branched groups at C-5 have been obtained from D-ribono-1,4-lactone by a stereospecific convergent method. Some analogues showed inhibitory activity against some glycosidases.
Optical properties of fractal nanocomposites (1994)

Optical prossesses in nanostructured fractal composites are shown to be strongly enhanced. The enhancement occurs because of a localization of dipolar eigenmodes in subwavelength areas.
Modelling New Edge Formation in a Computer Network through Bayesian Variable Selection (2014)

Anomalous connections in a computer network graph can be a signal of malicious behaviours. For instance, a compromised computer node tends to form a large number of new client edges in the network graph, connecting to server IP (Internet Protocol) addresses which have not previously been visited. This behaviour can be caused by malware (malicious software) performing a denial of service (DoS) attack, to cause disruption or further spread malware, alternatively, the rapid formation of new edges by a compromised node can be caused by an intruder seeking to escalate privileges by traversing through the host network. However, study of computer network flow data suggests new edges are also regularly formed by uninfected hosts, and often in bursts. Statistically detecting anomalous formation of new edges requires reliable models of the normal rate of new edges formed by each host. Network traffic data are complex, and so the potential number of variables which might be included in such a statistical model can be large, and without proper treatment this would lead to overfitting of models with poor predictive performance. In this paper, Bayesian variable selection is applied to a logistic regression model for new edge formation for the purpose of selecting the best subset of variables to include.