gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Flow Property for 193nm Photoresist with Low Dispersion Polymer (2004)

For the enhancement of the Lithography Technology, photo-resist performance, especially in base polymer, has important rules. Currently, in ArF lithography, base polymer of poly-acrylate has been widely selected, but the performance especially in contact-hole pattern has very severe limit in process window, such as DOF. In this presentation, by using poly-acrylate polymer, which has fairly good PEB margin and thermal stability, we further studied thermal flow performance of its in different polymer disparity. As the result, we observed that low disparity polymer showed small thermal flow rate and consequently, showed enhancement of common DOF in contact-hole pattern.
The High-Affinity IgG Receptor, FcγRI, Plays a Central Role in Antibody Therapy of Experimental Melanoma (2006)

We examined the role of FcgammaR in antibody therapy of metastatic melanoma in wild-type and different FcgammaR knock-out mice. Treatment of B16F10-challenged wild-type mice with TA99 antibody specific for the gp75 tumor antigen resulted in a marked decrease in numbers of lung metastases. Treatment of individual FcgammaR knock-out mice revealed the high-affinity IgG receptor, FcgammaRI (CD64), to represent the central FcgammaR for TA99-induced antitumor effects. The potential of immune-modulating agents to further enhance the protective effect induced by monoclonal antibody (mAb) TA99 was examined in combination treatments consisting of mAb TA99 and a TLR-4 agonist, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). MPL did potently boost TA99 antibody-induced effects, and combination therapy was, again, found to be dependent on the presence of FcgammaRI.
Modeling and Adaptive Decoupling of Transient Resistance and Temperature Effects in Carrier-Based Sensorless Control of PM Synchronous Machines (2008)

This paper analyzes the effects of the transient resistances in saliency tracking-based sensorless control methods of PM synchronous machines. A high frequency model of the PM synchronous machine including both stator and rotor transient resistance is presented. From this model, potential sources of error in the estimated position due to the transient resistances are analyzed, and their compensation by means of an adaptive decoupling mechanism is proposed. The paper also addresses the influence and compensation of temperature effects in carrier signal injection-based sensorless techniques.
Abstract 5454: Novel STAT3:STAT3 small-molecule inhibitors as potential anticancer agents (2010)

Abstract Transcription factors are important targets for cancer therapy. The inhibition of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) within signalling pathways known to be key regulators of transcriptional activity is a viable approach to novel chemotherapeutic strategies. Proof-of-concept studies in cell-culture and animal models have validated the potential of small-molecule inhibitors of STAT3 signalling in cancer therapy. In particular, the protein-protein interaction between two STAT3 monomers (i.e., the dimerisation event in the signalling cascade) has been identified as a valid target to inhibit DNA-binding and the resultant transcriptional activation. Of the approximately 20 small-molecule STAT3 inhibitors reported in the literature to date, only three are described as potential STAT3:STAT3 dimerisation inhibitors, and these have IC50 values in STAT3-expressing cell lines of between 10-90 μM. Using in silico and medicinal chemistry-based approaches based on a published X-Ray structure of STAT3 (PDB: ID-1BG1) to identify “hit” inhibitors, a focussed library (approx. 50 members) was designed around one such “hit” and synthesized employing an efficient 4-step linear approach. Library members were then entered into a screening cascade involving initial evaluation of their ability to inhibit STAT3:STAT3 interaction in a Fluorescent Polarisation (FP)-based primary PPI binding assay. “Hit” molecules from this primary assay were then studied in two cell-based assays designed to test for STAT3 selectivity. The first was a comparative MTS assay between STAT3-expressing MDA MB231 breast cancer cells and STAT3-null colon A4 cells. The second was a luciferase reporter assay designed to measure transcription inhibition in STAT3-Luc-transformed Hela cells compared to SV40-Luc-transformed Hela control cells. A potential “lead” molecule, RH06, emerged from this screening cascade with potentially selective STAT3 inhibitory activity in the low micromolar (i.e., ∼1 µM) region. RH06 is currently being studied for its effect on STAT3 and pSTAT3 signal activation, and its potentially differential effect on upstream and downstream mediators (i.e., JAK2, Bcl-xl, Cyclin D1 and pSTAT1). Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5454.
Design of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors Active on Multidrug-Resistant Virus (2005)

On the basis of structural data gathered during our ongoing HIV-1 protease inhibitors program, from which our clinical candidate TMC114 9 was selected, we have discovered new series of fused heteroaromatic sulfonamides. The further extension into the P2' region was aimed at identifying new classes of compounds with an improved broad spectrum activity and acceptable pharmacokinetic properties. Several of these compounds display an exceptional broad spectrum activity against a panel of highly cross-resistant mutants. Certain members of these series exhibit favorable pharmacokinetic profiles in rat and dog. Crystal structures and molecular modeling were used to rationalize the broad spectrum profile resulting from the extension into the P2' pocket of the HIV-1 protease.
A SPECIFIC CARRIER SUBSTANCE FOR HUMAN CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASING FACTOR IN LATE GESTATIONAL MATERNAL PLASMA WHICH COULD MASK THE ACTH‐RELEASING ACTIVITY (1988)

Late gestational maternal plasma contains a carrier substance for corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF-41) with a molecular weight in the region of 40,000. Using gel chromatography and CRF-41 immunoradiometric assay (IRMA), we show that binding of the peptide to its plasma carrier can be disrupted by treatment with urea. The binding capacity of the carrier substance is not saturated, since time-dependent incorporation of synthetic CRF-41 occurs at 4 degrees C. The carrier substance is also present in normal male plasma. It is specific for human CRF-41, not binding to ACTH, GnRH, vasopressin or ovine CRF-41. Most of the high concentration of CRF-41 in late gestational maternal plasma is bound to the carrier. Dilutions of pooled fractions containing carrier-bound CRF-41 after chromatography of maternal plasma had ACTH-releasing activity as did the synthetic peptide. However, the more concentrated chromatographic fractions at the apex of the carrier-bound CRF-41 peak showed reduced bioactivity, indicating that the higher concentrations of carrier in the original maternal plasma could mask the ACTH-releasing activity of CRF-41.
Object-oriented programming for power engineering education (2002)

The authors describe the object-oriented approach, which is currently being touted as a means of making programmers more productive but will require new approaches to viewing old problems. They discuss how object-oriented programming techniques can be applied to the development of power-engineering-related software. Segments of code that were used in a three-phase load flow program are used as examples.
Investigation of copper-tin transient liquid phase bonding reliability for 3D integration (2013)

Copper tin transient liquid phase bonding reliability was investigated with different setups including CuSn to Cu and CuSn to CuSn bonding. Additionally, a thermal treatment just after CuSn electrodeposition (ECD) was compared to the classical configuration. Thermal cycling test (TCT) was achieved with electrical and mechanical tests carried out before and after TCT to discriminate the setups. Before TCT, each configuration has very good electrical properties in terms of yield (>90%) and Kelvin resistance. Shear tests show good mechanical properties in all tested cases as well. However, SEM images reveal different kinds and densities of voids. Kirkendall voids are localized at the Cu/Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn interface. Smaller voids are visible at the initial bonding interface in the case of CuSn to Cu bonding. After TCT, configurations are well discriminated. CuSn to Cu configuration exhibits the worst properties: electrical yield drops at nearly 30% and shear strength loses 80% of its initial value. On the other hand, CuSn to CuSn configuration and configuration including the post ECD thermal treatment keep correct electrical yield above 80%, and has shear strength loss in the range of 30 to 50%. SEM images after TCT reveals crack localization mainly through Kirkendall voids planes either on top side or on bottom side. Hypotheses regarding these results are discussed.
QUANTITATIVE TOPOGRAPHIC CURVATURE MAPS OF THE POSTERIOR EYE UTILIZING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY (2020)

We have developed an optical coherence tomography based method for quantitative posterior eye topography that offers the ability to analyze local curvature with micron scale resolution and offers the potential to help clinicians and researchers characterize subtle, local retinal deformations earlier in patients and follow their development over time.
Hardware Support for Low-Cost Memory Safety (2021)

Programs written in C/C++ are vulnerable to memory-safety errors like buffer-overflows and use-after-free. While several mechanisms to detect such errors have been previously proposed, they suffer from a variety of drawbacks including poor performance, imprecise or probabilistic detection of errors, or requiring invasive changes to the binary-layout or source-code. Consequently, memory-safety errors continue to exist in production-software and are a principal cause of security problems.In our project at IBM, we worked on a minimally-invasive and low-cost hardware-based bounds-checking framework for preventing out-of-bounds accesses and use-after-free errors. The key idea is to re-purpose "unused bits" in a pointer to store an index into a bounds-information table that can be used to catch out-of-bounds errors and use-after-free errors without any change to the binary layout. Using this bounds-checking framework, we implement a design for preventing Out-of-Bounds accesses and Use-After-Free for heap-objects, that are responsible for the majority of memory-safety errors in the wild.
Electron-Positron Pre-Injector of VEPP-5 Complex (1996)

The work on the construction of the ee factory complex is in progress at Budker INP. For an e ective operation of these machines the injector complex is designed. It consists of a preinjector for the production of e and e bunches and their acceleration up to an energy of 510 MeV, and a damping ring. This paper presents the general scheme and the current status of the preinjector.
Impact of Pneumoperitoneum on Renal Cryotherapy (2009)

In this study, pneumoperitoneum pressure between 10 and 25 mm Hg did not affect iceball size as measured by intraoperative ultrasound, cryolesion volume by fluid displacement, or cryolesion surface.
Theoretical analysis of AC electric field transmission into biological tissue through frozen saline for electroporation (2014)

An analytical model was used to explore the feasibility of sinusoidal electric field transmission across a frozen saline layer into biological tissue. The study is relevant to electroporation and permeabilization of the cell membrane by electric fields. The concept was analyzed for frequencies in the range of conventional electroporation frequencies and electric field intensity. Theoretical analysis for a variety of tissues show that the transmission of electroporation type electric fields through a layer of frozen saline into tissue is feasible and the behavior of this composite system depends on tissue type, frozen domain temperature, and frequency. Freezing could become a valuable method for adherence of electroporation electrodes to moving tissue surfaces, such as the heart in the treatment of atrial fibrillation or blood vessels for the treatment of restenosis.
Optimizing Autologous Breast Reconstruction in Thin Patients (2003)

Breast reconstruction with a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap plus an implant has been proposed as an option for women with a thin body habitus who do not have sufficient abdominal tissue to permit reconstruction with a TRAM flap alone. The standard autologous tissue reconstructive procedure in these women is a combined latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap and breast implant. We reviewed our experience performing TRAM flap/implant and latissimus dorsi flap/implant breast reconstruction to compare complication rates and aesthetic outcomes between these two types of reconstruction. Between 1992 and 1999, 88 breasts were reconstructed at our institution using an autologous tissue flap combined with a breast implant (44 with a TRAM flap/implant and 44 with a latissimus dorsi flap/implant). Recipient-site and donor-site complications for the two procedures were compared using Fisher's exact test; a panel of unbiased, blinded judges compared the aesthetic outcomes. The recipient-site complication rate was lower for the TRAM flap/implant group than for the latissimus dorsi flap/implant group (18 percent versus 34 percent, p = 0.09). Most recipient-site complications in the TRAM flap/implant group were related to fluid collection around the implant. In the TRAM flap/implant group, complications occurred in 37 percent of the reconstructions that had immediate implant placement and in none of the reconstructions with delayed implant placement (p = 0.01). In the TRAM flap/implant reconstructions with immediate implant placement, the recipient-site complication rate was 50 percent when implants were completely filled with saline, but no complications occurred with incompletely filled, postoperatively adjustable implants (p = 0.03). No microvascular complications occurred with immediate placement of breast implants under TRAM flaps. Donor-site complications included a hematoma, a seroma, and an umbilical necrosis in the TRAM flap/implant group and six cases of seroma formation in the latissimus dorsi flap/implant group. The comparison of aesthetic outcome was statistically significant for the TRAM flap/implant group, which had a higher overall mean score than the latissimus dorsi flap/implant group did (3.29 versus 2.85, p = 0.01). The results of this study suggest that the TRAM flap/implant breast reconstruction should be considered as an alternative to the latissimus dorsi flap/implant breast reconstruction in women with a thin body habitus.
Titelbild: Multivalency in the Gas Phase: The Study of Dendritic Aggregates by Mass Spectrometry (Angew. Chem. 27/2004) (2004)

Das entfaltete Massenspektrum auf dem Titelbild stammt von einem Poly(propylenimin)‐Dendrimer der dritten Generation, an das ein bis acht Gastmoleküle gebunden sind – der Komplex mit vier Gastmolekülen ist am häufigsten. Jedes Aggregat kann gezielt ausgewählt werden, um die Gäste schrittweise durch stoßinduzierte Fragmentierung zu entfernen. Wie diese Ergebnisse zum Verständnis von wichtigen sekundären Wechselwirkungen in der Gasphase beitragen, erfahren Sie in der Zuschrift von E. W. Meijer et al. auf S. 3641 ff.
Toward an understanding of the thermosensitive behaviour of pH-responsive hydrogels based on cyclodextrins (2015)

The molecular mechanism responsible for the thermosensitive behaviour exhibited by pH-responsive cyclodextrin-based hydrogels is explored here with the twofold aim of clarifying some basic aspects of H-bond interactions in hydrogel phases and contributing to a future engineering of cyclodextrin hydrogels for targeted delivery and release of bioactive agents. The degree of H-bond association of water molecules entrapped in the gel network and the extent of intermolecular interactions involving the hydrophobic/hydrophilic moieties of the polymer matrix are probed by UV Raman and IR experiments, in order to address the question of how these different and complementary aspects combine to determine the pH-dependent thermal activation exhibited by these hydrogels. Complementary vibrational spectroscopies are conveniently employed in this study with the aim of safely disentangling the spectral response arising from the two main components of the hydrogel systems, i.e. the polymer matrix and water solvent. The experimental evidence suggests that the dominant effects in the mechanism of solvation of cyclodextrin-based hydrogels are due to the changes occurring, upon increasing of temperature, in the hydrophobicity character of specific chemical moieties of the polymer, as triggered by pH variations. The achievements of this work corroborate the potentiality of the UV Raman scattering technique, in combination with more conventional IR experiments, to provide a "molecular view" of complex macroscopic phenomena exhibited in hydrogel phases.
Nonlinear Equalization with Deep Learning for Multi-Purpose Visual MIMO Communications (2018)

A major challenge of screen-camera visual multiinput multi-output (MIMO) communications is to increase the achievable throughput by reducing nonlinear channel effects including perspective distortion, ambient lights, and color mixing. To mitigate such nonlinear effects, an existing transmission method uses linear or simple nonlinear equalizations in decoding operations. However, the throughput improvement from the equalization techniques is often limited because the effects are composed of a combination of various nonlinear distortions. In addition to the above issue, the existing studies consider specific environments, such as indoor and static communications, although screen-camera communications can be used for a variety of applications including outdoor and mobile scenarios. In this study, we propose 1) deep neural network (DNN)- based decoding for screen-camera communications to increase the achievable throughput and 2) Unity 3D-based evaluation methodology to synthetically learn the DNN for being robust against many different screen-camera environments. The DNN finds the best nonlinear kernels for equalization from numerously captured images, and then decodes original bits from newly captured images based on the trained nonlinear kernels. In the Unity-based evaluation tool, we can easily capture numerous photo-realistic images in different screen-camera scenarios to learn the impact of perspective distortion, screen- to-camera distance, motion blur, and ambient lights on the throughput since Unity-based environment can freely set programmable screens, cameras, and ambient lights on a 3D space. As an initial proof of concept, we demonstrate that the proposed DNN-based decoder scheme improves the achievable throughput by up to 148% compared to existing methods by equalizing nonlinear effects.
Photobiomodulation for Alzheimer’s Disease: Has the Light Dawned? (2019)

Next to cancer, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia is probably the most worrying health problem facing the Western world today. A large number of clinical trials have failed to show any benefit of the tested drugs in stabilizing or reversing the steady decline in cognitive function that is suffered by dementia patients. Although the pathological features of AD consisting of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles are well established, considerable debate exists concerning the genetic or lifestyle factors that predispose individuals to developing dementia. Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the therapeutic use of red or near-infrared light to stimulate healing, relieve pain and inflammation, and prevent tissue from dying. In recent years PBM has been applied for a diverse range of brain disorders, frequently applied in a non-invasive manner by shining light on the head (transcranial PBM). The present review discusses the mechanisms of action of tPBM in the brain, and summarizes studies that have used tPBM to treat animal models of AD. The results of a limited number of clinical trials that have used tPBM to treat patients with AD and dementia are discussed.
High-throughput RNAi screening identifies sensitizing targets to improve doxorubicin chemotherapy (2004)

9543 Treatment of cancer often involves the use of chemotherapeutic agents that preferentially target tumor cells. Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic that induces an anticancer effect through intercalation into DNA, and inhibition of topoisomerase II. However, not all patients benefit from doxorubicin therapy and heterogeneity in the response to this agent has limited its clinical efficacy. In order to improve the efficiency of doxorubicin in a greater number of patients, we used RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown experiments to determine the extent to which a change in gene expression can increase cellular sensitivity to the anticancer effects of doxorubicin. RNAi is a naturally occurring mechanism that can be experimentally exploited by introducing double-stranded RNA molecules of ∼21 base pairs termed short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into cells to achieve sequence specific silence of gene expression. We have applied high-throughput RNAi analysis using a library of 83 siRNAs against 40 cancer-associated genes to assess the effects of gene silencing on HeLa cell survival with and without doxorubicin treatment. Eighteen hours after siRNA transfection, cells were treated with either a low (ineffective) dose of doxorubicin or vehicle control and cell viability was measured 72 hours after siRNA transfection. Control siRNA did not significantly affect cell survival either alone, or in combination with an ineffective dose of doxorubicin. Analysis of effects on cell survival revealed that the silencing of three of the 40 genes significantly increased sensitivity to doxorubicin. The three effective siRNA lead to decreased cell viability by 14, 6 and 25% alone, but when a low dose of doxorubicin was added a synergistic increase was observed that resulted in a decrease in cell viability by 73, 81 and 93%. These results indicate that these genes could serve as putative therapeutic targets for sensitization of cancer cells to doxorubicin. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate the effectiveness of using high-throughput RNAi as a tool for functional chemogenomics to identify sensitizing targets to chemotherapeutic agents. No significant financial relationships to disclose.