gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for cellular heterogeneity in primary cultures of human orbital fibroblasts. (1995)

Orbital fibroblasts in culture display phenotypic attributes that distinguish them from fibroblasts derived from other anatomical regions. The current studies were conducted to define potential cellular heterogeneity among orbital fibroblasts with regard to 1) differential expression of Thy-1, a 25-kilodalton glycoprotein associated with cell signaling; 2) cells undergoing a change in shape in response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); and 3) differences in morphology and Thy-1 expression between single cell-derived clonal fibroblast strains. On the basis of flow cytometric analysis using an anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody, 65% of intact orbital fibroblasts expressed surface Thy-1 (n = 5; range, 54-71%). In contrast, greater than 95% of the fibroblasts present in the five dermal strains tested were Thy-1 positive. A total of six strains of orbital fibroblasts were assessed for their shape change response to a 4-h treatment with PGE2 (100 nmol/L). A mean of 37% of the fibroblasts present in each culture responded to PGE2 (range, 22-50%). In contrast, only 1% of dermal fibroblasts exhibited any change in morphology. Three separate clones were generated from a single parent strain of Graves' orbital fibroblasts. These clones consisted of homogeneous appearing cells; however, substantial clone to clone differences in morphology were stably expressed for several population doublings. Thy-1 was expressed uniformly in cells of two clones, whereas the third was Thy-1 negative. Factor VIII and smooth muscle-specific alpha-actin were undetectable in any of the orbital or dermal cultures examined. Thus, Thy-1 expression is uniform in fibroblasts from certain anatomical regions such as the skin and heterogeneous in cells derived from human lung and orbit. These findings suggest that human orbital connective tissue may have a complexity not previously appreciated.
A Teacher-Student Learning Based Born-Again Training Approach to Improving Scene Text Detection Accuracy (2019)

With the recent success of convolutional neural network (CNN) based text detection approaches, designing better CNN-based text detection frameworks has become a major research focus to improve text detection accuracy. In this paper, instead of following this direction, we propose to use a born-again training strategy, which is based on teacher-student learning (TSL), to improve the accuracy of the state-of-the-art CNN-based text detectors. More specifically, given a well-trained CNN-based text detector, we take it as a teacher model and train from scratch a new student model with the same topology under the supervision of both the teacher model and ground-truth labels. Furthermore, we propose a new proposal-free multi-level feature mimicking approach to making multi-level convolutional feature maps be effectively mimicked in a unified manner. Experiments demonstrate that the student models trained by the proposed approach can achieve substantially better results than their teacher models and have better generalization abilities.
Toward Monitoring Electrochemical Reactions with Dual-Wavelength SERS: Characterization of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) Neutral Radical Species and Covalent Tethering of R6G to Silver Nanoparticles (2016)

The combination of electrochemistry (EC) and single molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SMSERS) has recently proven to be a sensitive method to investigate electron transfer (ET) reactions at the single molecule level. SMSERS can both detect single redox-active molecules and potentially monitor both the oxidized (O) and reduced (R) forms of a one-electron ET reaction in a single experiment. Herein, we report progress toward complete monitoring of single ET reactions with EC-SMSERS. We first obtained the solution phase resonance Raman (RR) spectrum of the Rhodamine 6G (R6G) neutral radical (R) with thin-layer resonance Raman spectroelectrochemistry (EC-RRS). The experimental spectrum was then correlated with the spectrum calculated by density functional theory (DFT). We then describe our approach to address the problem of adsorbate (R) loss caused either by desorption or reaction of the neutral radical with trace water or oxygen during the EC-SMSERS experiment. We have investigated a covalent cross-linking reaction which tethers R6G to SERS-active substrates (Ag nanoparticles). Covalently tethered R6G is subsequently characterized by surface cyclic voltammetry (CV) and SERS. Lastly, an optimized cross-linking reaction is devised which enabled the first direct detection of the one-electron reduced form of R6G with SERS. Our findings demonstrate that SERS can simultaneously monitor both O and R of a one-electron ET reaction.
It Takes Two to #MeToo - Using Enclaves to Build Autonomous Trusted Systems (2018)

We provide enhanced security against insider attacks in services that manage extremely sensitive data. One example is a #MeToo use case where sexual harassment complaints are reported but only revealed when another complaint is filed against the same perpetrator. Such a service places tremendous trust on service operators which our work aims to relieve. To this end we introduce a new autonomous data management concept which transfers responsibility for the sensitive data from administrators to secure and verifiable hardware. The main idea is to manage all data access via a cluster of autonomous computation agents running inside Intel SGX enclaves. These EConfidante agents share a secret data key which is unknown to any external entity, including the data service administrators, thus eliminating many opportunities for data exposure. In this paper we describe a detailed design of the EConfidante system, its flow and how it is managed and implemented. Our #MeToo design also uses an immutable distributed ledger which is built using components from a Blockchain framework. We implemented a proof of concept of our system for the #MeToo use case and analyze its security properties and implementation details.
Pharmacological profile of the isomers of the GluR-specific agonist ATPA (1998)

We have synthesized the (R)- and (S)-isomers of 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-tert-butylisoxazol-4-yl) propanoate (ATPA) by stereochemically certain routes. Our studies in the rat cortical wedge preparation indicate that (R)-ATPA has no observable excitatory effect, while (S)-ATPA has an apparent K(D) of 16 microM. This excitatory response is unaffected by the specific N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (DAP5) but is partially blocked by 6-nitro-sulfamoyl[f]quinoxalinedione (NBQX) at concentrations that attenuate the effects of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA), the effects are however reduced by the nonspecific antagonist kynurenate (KYN), indicating an interaction with a class of kainate receptor.
Time-resolved gain spectrum measurement scheme using two crystals and a streak camera for new laser media development (2001)

Summary form only given. A newly invented two-crystal pump and probe method with a streak camera was applied to evaluate the gain spectra of Ce:LiSCAF very easily. The technique for measuring the gain spectrum is very convenient because it is not necessary to have a tunable laser to supply the probe beam, and the gain values for different wavelengths can be obtained at the same time. This method can be applied to many other prospective laser materials for any wavelength if two samples of the material are available. Investigation of the gain or excited state absorption properties of prospective laser materials is facilitated.
Supplementary Figure 3 from First-in-Human Trial of a STAT3 Decoy Oligonucleotide in Head and Neck Tumors: Implications for Cancer Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 2.2MB, Modified STAT3 decoys demonstrate enhanced resistance to thermal denaturation&lt;/p&gt;
Cover Picture (2000)

The cover picture shows a schematic representation of single channels from periodic mesoporous organosilicas that contain organic groups in the framework and channel space of a mesoporous material. By incorporating organic groups into the framework of the materials, new hierarchical structures with interesting mechanical, optical, electrical, separation, and catalytic properties may be created. The structure-function relations, significance, and potential vitality of this new class of materials is discussed in more detail by G. A. Ozin et al. on p. 2507 ff.
Inhibition of Pin1 Reduces Glutamate-induced Perikaryal Accumulation of Phosphorylated Neurofilament-H in Neurons (2007)

Under normal conditions, the proline-directed serine/threonine residues of neurofilament tail-domain repeats are exclusively phosphorylated in axons. In pathological conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), motor neurons contain abnormal perikaryal accumulations of phosphorylated neurofilament proteins. The precise mechanisms for this compartment-specific phosphorylation of neurofilaments are not completely understood. Although localization of kinases and phosphatases is certainly implicated, another possibility involves Pin1 modulation of phosphorylation of the proline-directed serine/threonine residues. Pin1, a prolyl isomerase, selectively binds to phosphorylated proline-directed serine/threonine residues in target proteins and isomerizes cis isomers to more stable trans configurations. In this study we show that Pin1 associates with phosphorylated neurofilament-H (p-NF-H) in neurons and is colocalized in ALS-affected spinal cord neuronal inclusions. To mimic the pathology of neurodegeneration, we studied glutamate-stressed neurons that displayed increased p-NF-H in perikaryal accumulations that colocalized with Pin1 and led to cell death. Both effects were reduced upon inhibition of Pin1 activity by the use of an inhibitor juglone and down-regulating Pin1 levels through the use of Pin1 small interfering RNA. Thus, isomerization of lys-ser-pro repeat residues that are abundant in NF-H tail domains by Pin1 can regulate NF-H phosphorylation, which suggests that Pin1 inhibition may be an attractive therapeutic target to reduce pathological accumulations of p-NF-H.
Agreement of stochastic soliton formalism with second-quantized and configuration-space models (1998)

The stochastic theory presented by Drummond, Gardiner, and Walls [Phys. Rev. A 24, 914 (1981)] is an interesting approach to problems in quantum optics. In this theory, an exact, quantum evolution is written in terms of classical functions (not operators) driven by explicit, quantum noise. We examine the origin of uncertainty in the formalism through the simple example of a single, nonlinear oscillator. We then test the stochastic theory applied to the problem of soliton propagation. We extend the linearized stochastic model by computing analytically quantum uncertainties in the four basic soliton parameters: photon number, momentum, phase, and position. Agreement with second-quantized and configuration-space soliton theories verifies the stochastic formalism.
A Link Between Methylglyoxal and Heart Failure During HIV-1 Infection (2021)

Early-onset heart failure (HF) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection (PLWH), yet the molecular causes for this remain poorly understood. Herein NOD.Cg-Prkdc<sup>scid</sup>Il2rg<sup>tm1Wjl</sup>/SzJ humanized mice (Hu-mice), plasma from PLWH, and autopsied cardiac tissues from deceased HIV seropositive individuals were used to assess if there is a link between the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal (MG) and HF in the setting of HIV-1 infection. At five weeks post HIV infection, Hu-mice developed grade III-IV diastolic dysfunction (DD) with an associated two-fold increase in plasma MG. At sixteen-seventeen weeks post infection, cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening also declined by 26 and 35%, and plasma MG increased to four-fold higher than uninfected controls. Histopathological and biochemical analyses of cardiac tissues from Hu-mice 17 weeks post-infection affirmed MG increase with a concomitant decrease in expression of the MG-degrading enzyme glyoxalase-1 (Glo1). The endothelial cell marker CD31 was found to be lower, and coronary microvascular leakage and myocardial fibrosis were prominent. Increasing expression of Glo1 in Hu-mice five weeks post-infection using a single dose of an engineered AAV2/9 (1.7 × 10<sup>12</sup> virion particles/kg), attenuated the increases in plasma and cardiac MG levels. Increasing Glo1 also blunted microvascular leakage, fibrosis, and HF seen at sixteen weeks post-infection, without changes in plasma viral loads. In plasma from virally suppressed PLWH, MG was also 3.7-fold higher. In autopsied cardiac tissues from seropositive, HIV individuals with low viral log, MG was 4.2-fold higher and Glo1 was 50% lower compared to uninfected controls. These data show for the first time a causal link between accumulation of MG and HF in the setting of HIV infection.
Exercise-induced Changes in Soluble ST2 Concentrations in Marathon Runners (2018)

An exercise-induced increase in sST2 was observed in all marathon runners with sST2 concentrations exceeding cutoff values both at baseline (48%) and finish (94%). Faster runners had higher sST2 concentrations. Our data suggest complex variables determine sST2 concentrations in marathon runners.
Delay-Independent Stability of Consensus Networks with Application to Flocking∗∗This work is supported by US AFOSR MURI grant FA9550–09–10538, NSF grant CNS–1035655, NIST grant 70NANB11H148. (2015)

This work studies a class of linear first order and non-linear second order static distributed consensus networks with time-varying multiple propagation delays, in continuous time. We provide conditions for convergence of to a common constant value, under an increased connectivity condition. The results are delay-independent in the sense that they hold for arbitrary bounded delays. Our approach makes use of fundamental concepts from the Non-Negative Matrix Theory in a fairly elementary way.
Caloric Restriction Modulates Early Events in Insulin Signaling in Liver and Skeletal Muscle of Rat (2004)

Mutations that extend life span in C. elegans suggest that the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IS) pathway may play a key role in retarding aging and extending life span by caloric restriction (CR). To evaluate this hypothesis, male rats were subjected to either AL (ad libitum) or CR (40% from AL) for 2 and 25 months, and then the effects of CR on the early events in the IS pathway in liver and muscle were assessed. The results indicated that aging was accompanied by a significant decline in insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation (pY-IR) upon insulin stimulation in both tissues, which was correlated with a significant increase in the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B). However, these alterations with age were attenuated by 25CR. Parallel changes observed in liver mRNA of CR rats were upregulated insulin receptor (IR), IGF-1R and IRS-1, but increased expression of IR mRNA was dissociated with the IR protein in 25CR rats. The expression of liver mRNAs involved in lipid metabolism was also analyzed. In contrast to 25AL rats, the expression of mRNAs for PPARs (alpha, delta, and gamma) was significantly increased in 25CR rats. SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthase were reduced, and other genes were increased, including hormone-sensitive lipase and PGC-1 by CR. The data suggest that the normal function of insulin receptor in liver and muscle is required for successful aging. An altered expression of transcription of a number of genes involved in lipid metabolism may also contribute to modulation of the IS pathway by CR.
Measurement of the isospin asymmetry in B → K(*)μ+μ− decays (2012)

A bstract The isospin asymmetries of B → K (∗) μ + μ − decays and the partial branching fractions of B 0 → K 0 μ + μ − and B + → K ∗+ μ + μ − are measured as a function of the di-muon mass squared q 2 using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb −1 collected with the LHCb detector. The B → Kμ + μ − isospin asymmetry integrated over q 2 is negative, deviating from zero with over 4 σ significance. The B → K ∗ μ + μ − decay measurements are consistent with the Standard Model prediction of negligible isospin asymmetry. The observation of the decay B 0 → K S μ + μ − is reported with 5.7 σ significance. Assuming that the branching fraction of B 0 → K 0 μ + μ − is twice that of B 0 → K S μ + μ − , the branching fractions of B 0 → K 0 μ + μ − and B → K ∗+ μ + μ − are found to be (0 . 31 −0.06 ) × 10 −6 and (1 . 16 ± 0 . 19) × 10 −6 , respectively.
Electrocardiogram acquisition during MR examinations for patient monitoring and sequence triggering (1994)

We have developed a method for measuring the electrocardiogram (ECG) continuously during MR examinations. In contrast to ECG acquisition by wires, our new method is to amplify and convert the ECG into an optical signal directly above the patient's heart. The optical signal is transmitted out of the magnet bore by optical fiber. The small and fixed dimensions of the ECG amplifier avoid interactions with the MR system because of shorter electrical structures and smaller enclosed areas. Tests of the proposed device in a 1.5 Tesla MR system show that continuous and reliable ECG monitoring and sequence triggering are possible.
Increased Hsp27 after Androgen Ablation Facilitates Androgen-Independent Progression in Prostate Cancer via Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3–Mediated Suppression of Apoptosis (2005)

One strategy to improve therapies in prostate cancer involves targeting cytoprotective genes activated by androgen withdrawal to delay the emergence of the androgen-independent (AI) phenotype. The objectives of this study were to define changes in Hsp27 levels after androgen ablation and to evaluate the functional relevance of these changes in AI progression. Using a tissue microarray of 232 specimens of hormone-naïve and post-hormone ablation-treated prostate cancer, we found that Hsp27 levels increase after androgen ablation to become highly expressed (>4-fold, P < or = 0.01) in AI tumors. Hsp27 overexpression rendered LNCaP cells highly resistant to androgen withdrawal both in vitro and in vivo. Tumor volume and serum prostate-specific antigen levels increased 4.3- and 10-fold faster after castration when Hsp27 was overexpressed. Treatment of LNCaP tumor cells in vitro with Hsp27 antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) or short-interfering RNA suppressed Hsp27 levels in a dose-dependent and sequence-specific manner increased the apoptotic sub-G0-G1 fraction and caspase-3 cleavage >2-fold, as well as decreased signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (Stat3) levels and its downstream genes, c-fos and sPLA-2. The cytoprotection afforded by Hsp27 overexpression was attenuated by Stat3 knockdown using specific Stat3 ASO. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence confirmed that Hsp27 interacts with Stat3 and that Stat3 levels correlated directly with Hsp27 levels. Hsp27 ASO treatment in athymic mice bearing LNCaP tumors significantly delayed LNCaP tumor growth after castration, decreasing mean tumor volume and serum prostate-specific antigen levels by 57% and 69%, respectively. These findings identify Hsp27 as a modulator of Stat3-regulated apoptosis after androgen ablation and as a potential therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancer.
Heterocyclic Diamidine Interactions at AT Base Pairs in the DNA Minor Groove: Effects of Heterocycle Differences, DNA AT Sequence and Length (2008)

Given the increasing significance of diamidines as DNA-targeted therapeutics and biotechnology reagents, it is important to establish the variations in thermodynamic quantities that characterize the interactions of closely related compounds to different sequence AT binding sites. In this study, an array of methods including biosensor-surface plasmon resonance (SPR), isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC), circular dichroism (CD), thermal melting (Tm) and molecular modeling have been used to characterize the binding of dicationic diamidines related to DB75 (amidine-phenyl-furan-phenyl-amidine) with alternating and nonalternating AT sequences. Conversion of the central furan of DB75 to other similar groups, such as thiophene or selenophene, can yield compounds with increased affinity and sequence binding selectivity for the minor groove. Calorimetric measurements revealed that the thermodynamic parameters (Delta G, Delta H, Delta S) that drive diamidine binding to alternating and nonalternating oligomers can be quite different and depend on both DNA sequence and length. Small changes in a compound can have major effects on DNA interactions. By choosing an appropriate central group it is possible to "tune" the shape of the molecule to match DNA for enhanced affinity and sequence recognition.
Color coherence in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.8$ TeV (1996)

We report on two preliminary studies of color coherence effects on {ital p}{ital {anti p}} collisions based on data collected by the D{null} detector during the 1992-1993 and 1994-1995 runs at the Fermilab Tevatron collider at a center of mass energy {radical}s = 1. 8 TeV. Demonstration of initial-to-final state color interference effects is done in a higher energy region by measuring spatial correlations between the softer third jet and the second leading- {ital E}{sub {ital T}} jet in multi-jet events and in a lower energy regime by examining particle distribution patterns in W+Jet events. The data are compared to Monte Carlo simulations with different color coherence implementations and the predictions of an NLO parton level calculation.
Handheld beamforming antennas adoptable to 5G wireless connectivity (2015)

This paper presents the design of high-frequency handheld beamforming antennas aimed at the 5th generation wireless communication and shows the frequency responses and radiation characteristics. It is revealed that the proposed four-element 24-GHz resonance array antenna fits the placement in the top side of a handset phone, and scans the upward 120o-range in the elevation plane with the movable main-beam of the antenna efficiency over 70 % and the peak-gain greater than 8 dBi up to 10.5 dBi at the aforementioned target millimeter-wave frequency.
Advances in resonance based NDT for ceramic components (2012)

The application of resonance based non-destructive testing methods has been providing benefit to manufacturers of metal components in the automotive and aerospace industries for many years. Recent developments in resonance based technologies are now allowing the application of resonance NDT to ceramic components including turbine engine components, armor, and hybrid bearing rolling elements. Application of higher frequencies and advanced signal interpretation are now allowing Process Compensated Resonance Testing to detect both internal material defects and surface breaking cracks in a variety of ceramic components. Resonance techniques can also be applied to determine material properties of coupons and to evaluate process capability for new manufacturing methods.