gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanorod Manganese Oxide as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Hydration of Nitriles into Amides (2019)

Hydration of nitriles has been practically used for the production of amides, wherein the homogeneous catalysts including acids/bases and metal complexes are generally employed. Here, we report that nanorod manganese oxide (NR-MnO2) as a sustainable and low-cost heterogeneous catalyst is highly active and selective for the hydration of aromatic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic nitriles into the corresponding amides. The catalytic properties of NR-MnO2 significantly outperform that of commercial Pd/C and Ru/C catalysts and even the state-of-the-art homogeneous catalysts in the literature. In the continuous recycling tests, the NR-MnO2 catalyst exhibited excellent durability with negligible deactivation, which offers a good opportunity for practical production of these chemicals in the future.
Pseudo affine Wigner distributions: definition and kernel formulation (1998)

We introduce a new set of tools for time-varying spectral analysis: the pseudo affine Wigner distributions. Based on the affine Wigner distributions of J. and P. Bertrand (1992), these new time-scale distributions support efficient online operation at the same computational cost as the continuous wavelet transform. Moreover, they take advantage of the proportional bandwidth smoothing inherent in the sliding structure of their implementation to suppress cumbersome interference components. To formalize their place within the echelon of the affine class of time-scale distributions (TSDs), we introduce and study an alternative set of generators for this class.
Edge Coupling Integrated Optics Packaging Concept Using Liquid Crystal Element (2018)

Many packaging approaches for integrated optics cannot meet the industry demand. We propose a post-assembly correction concept, using a liquid crystal element compatible with small form-factor pluggable modules, which may significantly reduce costs.
Development of a novel method to measure material surface staining by cigarette, e-cigarette or tobacco heating product aerosols (2020)

Tobacco smoke (CS) may visually stain indoor surfaces including ceilings, walls and soft furnishings over time. Potentially reduced risk products (PRRPs) such as e-cigarettes (EC) and tobacco heating products (THP) produce chemically less complex aerosols with significantly reduced levels of toxicants, particles and odour. However, the potential effects of EC and THP aerosols on the staining of indoor surfaces are currently unknown. In this study, an exposure chamber was developed as a model system to enable the accelerated staining of wallpaper and cotton samples by a scientific reference cigarette (3R4F), three THP (glo™, glo™ pro, glo™ sens) and an e-cigarette (iSwitch Maxx). Exposure to 3R4F reference cigarettes caused the greatest level of staining, which was significantly higher than glo™, glo™ pro, glo™ sens or iSwitch Maxx aerosols, all of which showed relatively little colour change. Exposure to 200-1000 puffs of 3R4F cigarette smoke resulted in a visible dose response effect to wallpaper and cotton samples which was not observed following exposure to glo™, glo™ pro, glo™ sens or iSwitch Maxx aerosols. Aging of the samples for 4 weeks post-exposure resulted in changes to the staining levels, however PRRP staining levels were minimal and significantly lower than 3R4F exposed samples. For the first time, diverse PRRPs across the tobacco and nicotine products risk continuum have been assessed <i>in vitro</i> for their impact on surface staining. CS exposure significantly increased the level of wallpaper and cotton staining, whereas exposure to glo™, glo™ pro, glo™ sens or iSwitch Maxx aerosols resulted in significantly reduced levels of staining, staining levels were also comparable to untreated control samples.
Chromophoric self-assembled multilayers. Organic superlattice approaches to thin-film nonlinear optical materials (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChromophoric self-assembled multilayers. Organic superlattice approaches to thin-film nonlinear optical materialsDeQuan Li, Mark A. Ratner, Tobin J. Marks, ChongHua Zhang, Jian Yang, and George K. WongCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 20, 7389–7390Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00176a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00176a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views713Altmetric-Citations247LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Breaking the Mold: Transcription Factors in the Anucleate Platelet and Platelet-Derived Microparticles (2015)

Platelets are small anucleate blood cells derived from megakaryocytes. In addition to their pivotal roles in hemostasis, platelets are the smallest, yet most abundant, immune cells and regulate inflammation, immunity, and disease progression. Although platelets lack DNA, and thus no functional transcriptional activities, they are nonetheless rich sources of RNAs, possess an intact spliceosome, and are thus capable of synthesizing proteins. Previously, it was thought that platelet RNAs and translational machinery were remnants from the megakaryocyte. We now know that the initial description of platelets as "cellular fragments" is an antiquated notion, as mounting evidence suggests otherwise. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that platelet transcription factors are not vestigial remnants from megakaryocytes, but have important, if only partly understood functions. Proteins play multiple cellular roles to minimize energy expenditure for maximum cellular function; thus, the same can be expected for transcription factors. In fact, numerous transcription factors have non-genomic roles, both in platelets and in nucleated cells. Our lab and others have discovered the presence and non-genomic roles of transcription factors in platelets, such as the nuclear factor kappa β (NFκB) family of proteins and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). In addition to numerous roles in regulating platelet activation, functional transcription factors can be transferred to vascular and immune cells through platelet microparticles. This method of transcellular delivery of key immune molecules may be a vital mechanism by which platelet transcription factors regulate inflammation and immunity. At the very least, platelets are an ideal model cell to dissect out the non-genomic roles of transcription factors in nucleated cells. There is abundant evidence to suggest that transcription factors in platelets play key roles in regulating inflammatory and hemostatic functions.
Transcriptional Analysis of the grlRA Virulence Operon from Citrobacter rodentium (2010)

The locus for enterocyte effacement (LEE) is the virulence hallmark of the attaching-and-effacing (A/E) intestinal pathogens, namely, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic E. coli, and Citrobacter rodentium. The LEE carries more than 40 genes that are arranged in several operons, e.g., LEE1 to LEE5. Expression of the various transcriptional units is subject to xenogeneic silencing by the histone-like protein H-NS. The LEE1-encoded regulator, Ler, plays a key role in relieving this repression at several major LEE promoters, including LEE2 to LEE5. To achieve appropriate intracellular concentrations of Ler in different environments, A/E pathogens have evolved a sophisticated regulatory network to control ler expression. For example, the LEE-encoded GrlA and GrlR proteins work as activator and antiactivator, respectively, of ler transcription. Thus, control of the transcriptional activities of the LEE1 (ler) promoter and the grlRA operon determines the rate of transcription of all of the LEE-encoded virulence factors. To date, only a single promoter has been identified for the grlRA operon. In this study, we showed that the non-LEE-encoded AraC-like regulatory protein RegA of C. rodentium directly stimulates transcription of the grlRA promoter by binding to an upstream region in the presence of bicarbonate ions. In addition, in vivo and in vitro transcription assays revealed a sigma(70) promoter that is specifically responsible for transcription of grlA. Expression from this promoter was strongly repressed by H-NS and its paralog StpA but was activated by Ler. DNase I footprinting demonstrated that Ler binds to a region upstream of the grlA promoter, whereas H-NS interacts specifically with a region extending from the grlA core promoter into its coding sequence. Together, these findings provide new insights into the environmental regulation and differential expressions of the grlR and grlA genes of C. rodentium.
Long-Term Survival of Anti-Tumor Lymphocytes Generated by Vaccination of Patients With Melanoma With a Peptide Vaccine (2000)

Immunization with the modified gp100 melanoma peptide gp100:109-217 (210M) in Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA) results in the generation of antipeptide and antitumor lymphocytes in the patients' circulation. In this study, the authors have evaluated the persistence of these immune cells. Reactivity against the native peptide persisted for 138 to 403 days after immunization. Reactivity also persisted in three of five patients that received external beam radiotherapy and in both patients who received systemic chemotherapy after the completion of peptide immunization. Thus, immune lymphocytes with anti gp100:209-217 peptide activity appear to persist for prolonged periods after vaccination with modified peptide in IFA.
1300-nm ultra-broadband, high-power combined-SLED source integrated in 14-pin butterfly module for UHR-OCT (2021)

We demonstrate a 1300-nm ultra-broadband and compact light source module with 180 nm FWHM optical bandwidth and 22 mW of output power, realized with four superluminescent diodes (SLEDs) that are integrated on a temperature-stabilized, free-space, micro-optical bench in a standard 14-pin Butterfly package. The light output of four SLED chips at 1220 nm, 1270 nm, 1310 nm and 1360 nm is collimated by micro-optical collimation lenses, spectrally combined through free-space dielectric edge filters and focused into a SMF-28 single-mode fiber. The combined broadband spectrum corresponds to a coherence length of 5.4 &mu;m in air, suitable for ultra-high-resolution OCT systems at 1300 nm.
Advanced myocardial tissue characterisation by a multi-component CMR protocol in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2017)

• RA patients had higher T1, ECV and T2 values compared to controls. • Most significant differences were observed for T2. • Our results seem to be independent of the presence of LGE. • Mapping might be useful in the evaluation of myocardial involvement in RA.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces vs. Relaying: Differences, Similarities, and Performance Comparison (2020)

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have the potential of realizing the emerging concept of smart radio environments by leveraging the unique properties of metamaterials and large arrays of inexpensive antennas. In this article, we discuss the potential applications of RISs in wireless networks that operate at high-frequency bands, e.g., millimeter wave (30-100 GHz) and sub-millimeter wave (greater than 100 GHz) frequencies. When used in wireless networks, RISs may operate in a manner similar to relays. The present paper, therefore, elaborates on the key differences and similarities between RISs that are configured to operate as anomalous reflectors and relays. In particular, we illustrate numerical results that highlight the spectral efficiency gains of RISs when their size is sufficiently large as compared with the wavelength of the radio waves. In addition, we discuss key open issues that need to be addressed for unlocking the potential benefits of RISs for application to wireless communications and networks.
Isolation and Characterization of Pre‐rapamycin, the First Macrocyclic Intermediate in the Biosynthesis of the Immunosuppressant Rapamycin by S. hygroscopicus (2004)

Es liegt in den Genen: Mithilfe einer Strategie mit doppelter Rekombination wurde die Bildung eines Schlüsselintermediats in der Biosynthese von Rapamycin aufgeklärt. Entfernung eines Teils des Rapamycin-Genclusters von Streptomyces hygroscopicus lieferte einen Stamm, der kein Rapamycin produziert. Eine Gen-Komplementierung ergab überraschenderweise, dass die Akkumulation des sonst schwer fassbaren Intermediats Prä-Rapamycin (1) von der Gegenwart des rapK-Gens abhängt.
Sphingosine Kinases and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors: Signaling and Actions in the Cardiovascular System (2017)

The sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 (SphK1 and 2) catalyze the phosphorylation of the lipid, sphingosine, generating the signal transmitter, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The activation of such kinases and the subsequent S1P generation and secretion in the blood serum of mammals represent a major checkpoint in many cellular signaling cascades. In fact, activating the SphK/S1P system is critical for cell motility and proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, cell growth, survival, and response to stress. In the cardiovascular system, the physiological effects of S1P intervene through the binding and activation of a family of five highly selective G protein-coupled receptors, called S1PR<sub>1-5</sub>. Importantly, SphK/S1P signal is present on both vascular and myocardial cells. S1P is a well-recognized survival factor in many tissues. Therefore, it is not surprising that the last two decades have seen a flourishing of interest and investigative efforts directed to obtain additional mechanistic insights into the signaling, as well as the biological activity of this phospholipid, and of its receptors, especially in the cardiovascular system. Here, we will provide an up-to-date account on the structure and function of sphingosine kinases, discussing the generation, release, and function of S1P. Keeping the bull's eye on the cardiovascular system, we will review the structure and signaling cascades and biological actions emanating from the stimulation of different S1P receptors. We will end this article with a summary of the most recent, experimental and clinical observations targeting S1PRs and SphKs as possible new therapeutic avenues for cardiovascular disorders, such as heart failure.
Model-Based Leakage Hotspot Detection with Optimized Pressure Logger Placement (2015)

Leakage detection is ongoing and intrinsic issue for all water companies. Based on author’s work on model-based leakage hotspot detection and optimization of pressure logger placement, this paper reports a revisit of case study undertaken by United Utilities in UK by using both approach for water loss management. The leak nodes resulting from the leak detection software were cross checked with leak repair data from the field. A comparison between the actual leak locations with the leak nodes was identified by the modelling tools. The difference the density of pressure loggers made between the results is also compared.
Biliary stents: models and methods for endoscopic stenting (2011)

Biliary stenting is widely used to palliate malignant obstruction or to treat benign biliary diseases. Recently, the most important changes have related to self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs), which are now available in a wide variety of designs, and to treatment techniques. This article is part of a combined publication that expresses the current view of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) about endoscopic biliary stenting: a technology review describes the stent models and stenting techniques, and a separate clinical guideline states the evidence and recommendations regarding stenting.
Histopathological tumour response scoring in resected pancreatic cancer following neoadjuvant therapy: international interobserver study (ISGPP-1) (2022)

Identification of the effect of NAT in resected pancreatic cancer proved unreliable, and interobserver agreement for the current tumour response scoring systems was suboptimal. These findings support the recently published International Study Group of Pancreatic Pathologists recommendations to score residual tumour burden rather than tumour regression after NAT.
Are Narrower or Wider Retinal Venules Associated With Incident Hypertension? (2006)

10.1161/01.HYP.0000231652.97173.4c
CHORUS Deliverable 2.2: Second report - identification of multi-disciplinary key issues for gap analysis toward EU multimedia search engines roadmap (2008)

After addressing the state-of-the-art during the first year of Chorus and establishing the existing landscape in multimedia search engines, we have identified and analyzed gaps within European research effort during our second year. In this period we focused on three directions, notably technological issues, user-centred issues and use-cases and socio- economic and legal aspects. These were assessed by two central studies: firstly, a concerted vision of functional breakdown of generic multimedia search engine, and secondly, a representative use-cases descriptions with the related discussion on requirement for technological challenges. Both studies have been carried out in cooperation and consultation with the community at large through EC concertation meetings (multimedia search engines cluster), several meetings with our Think-Tank, presentations in international conferences, and surveys addressed to EU projects coordinators as well as National initiatives coordinators. Based on the obtained feedback we identified two types of gaps, namely core technological gaps that involve research challenges, and “enablers”, which are not necessarily technical research challenges, but have impact on innovation progress. New socio-economic trends are presented as well as emerging legal challenges.
Gate Tunneling Current Fluctuations associated with Random Dopant Effects (2005)

Random-dopant-induced gate tunneling current fluctuations are studied for the first time. It is shown that gate leakage currents considerably fluctuate among MOSFETs even if there is no gate oxide thickness fluctuation. The physical origin of random-dopant-induced gate tunneling current fluctuations near the stand-by (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> ≈ +0 V) is the fluctuations in source-to-channel p-n junction location rather than the fluctuations in normal oxide field. Statistical variations of p-n junction location due to random impurities are essential for ultra-small MOSFETs and should be appropriately taken into account in the device simulation.
ACCELERATION OF DELAYED GROWTH WITH FLUOXYMESTERONE (1982)

61 boys with constitutional delay of growth and maturation, aged 9-19 years and with a bone age (BA) lag of 1.3-5.5 years, were administered fluoxymesterone (0.05-0.24 mg/kg daily orally, relative dose increasing with age) to accelerate growth. The therapy was continuous and lasted 0.4-3.6 years. The findings are compared with 37 observation periods in a similar group of untreated boys. Growth velocity increased in every treated boy during the therapy, the mean first-year increment being 4.3 +/- 1.6 cm/year. For most boys this brought about a decrease in the height difference from peers, and so afforded the psychosocial relief that was the objective of the therapy. After therapy the velocity decreased slightly in most boys, from a mean of 9.1 +/- 1.4 to 7.1 +/- 3.3 cm/year. The effect of the intervention on final height was assessed by three relatively independent methods of prediction. These were found to be equally valid in the 15 control boys for whom final heights are known. The effect appeared to vary individually, but on the average there appeared to be no loss of height potential. No individual boy with initial BA greater than 10.5 years showed a substantial reduction in predicted final height.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF Δ8‐TETRAHYDRODIBENZO(B,D)PYRAN‐6‐ONES AND THEIR AMINOLYSIS TO Δ8‐TETRAHYDROPHENANTHRIDINE‐6‐ONES (1976)

Abstract Die Titelverbindungen (III) und (IV) lassen sich durch Ätherspaltung der Methoxyverbindungen (Ia) bzw. (Ib) mit K‐thiophenolat (II) gewinnen.
Asymmetry of RTS characteristics along source-drain direction and statistical analysis of process-induced RTS (2009)

In this work, we investigated random telegraph signal (RTS) amplitude and the probability of trap empty along two different drain current directions for various gate lengths using novel test structures which enable to measure RTS in large numbers. Asymmetry of RTS amplitude along source-drain current direction increases as gate length shortens because a trap near the gate edge dominates RTS phenomenon as gate length shortens. The probability of trap empty shows weak positive correlation between both directions but asymmetric difference of that partially remains. We also investigated RTS characteristics dependence on kinds of gate insulator films and plasma damages of back-end-of-line (BEOL). Silicon oxynitride gate insulator film has bad effect on RTS and plasma damage does not appear as the increase of RTS amplitude up to 51,385 of antenna ratio.
2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2, Panzem®) and its new derivatives inhibited lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo (2005)

3415 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2, Panzem®) is an endogenous metabolite of estradiol that effectively inhibits a wide range of cancer cell types in vitro, as well as showing antiangiogenic and anti-tumor activities in preclinical models. New analogs of 2ME2 show improved antiproliferative activities and pharmacokinetic parameters as compared to 2ME2 (see P. Burke et al, AACR 2005). In this project, we have used the MTT assay to evaluate the growth inhibitory effects of 2ME2 and three new analogs (883, 900 and 5171) against a panel of human small cell lung cancer cells (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC). Average IC50 (μM) values are shown in the table below, which range from 0.21 to 1.10 μM for 2ME2; 0.028 to 0.22 μM for 883; 0.058 to 0.43 μM for 900 and 0.46 to 3.05 μM for 5171 respectively. Overall 883 and 900 are significantly more potent than 2ME2 or 5171. There is not much difference in growth inhibitory effects between adenocarcinomas, squamous and large cell lung cancer cells by each of these agents. SCLC cell line proliferation is more effectively inhibited by these four compounds than is NSCLC cell line proliferation. In vivo efficacy of 2ME2 and three analogs was evaluated in athymic nude rats bearing orthotopically implanted H2122 in the left lung. Rats (n=12/group) were treated with saline control or compounds at 10 and 60 mg/kg/day by oral gavage for 50 days. 2ME2 and 900 effectively prolonged survival of rats in a dose-dependent manner, with mean survival for control group at 27 days, 2ME2 10mg/kg at 39 days, 2ME2 60 mg/kg > 50 days, 900 10 mg/kg at 46 days, and 900 60 mg/kg >50 days respectively. Analogs 883 and 5171 at 10 or 60 mg/kg were toxic to the animals. However, this toxicity seemed to be species specific, as separate studies show that mice and dogs tolerate equivalent doses higher than the MTD in rats with no signs of toxicity. Our data suggests that 2ME2 and its analogs have clinical potential for the treatment of human lung cancers.