gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF BETA-ALANINE ON ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE (2020)

B. McGonigle, J. Arnold, M. Lockard Willamette University, Salem, OR Increasing total power and decreasing overall fatigue in anaerobic performance are sought-after physical abilities among various athletic and fitness disciplines. Beyond physical training, many athletes supplement with the popular pre-workout beta-alanine to further optimize performance. Beta-alanine binds with histidine to form carnosine and is stored within skeletal muscle. Research has found that multi-week Beta-alanine supplementation improves total power and decreases overall fatigue in anaerobic exercise ≥ 60 seconds. However, data is limited among supplementation phases of under two weeks. PURPOSE: To analyze the effects of one week of beta- alanine loading on anaerobic power during a Wingate cycle ergometer test (WAnT). METHODS: 11 physically active college-age students were recruited from Willamette University. After conducting a baseline WAnT, participants were randomly assigned to either the control (placebo sugar pill) or experimental condition (10 mg/kg body weight/per day beta-alanine). Participants were instructed to take their respective supplements twice daily, for seven days. Following the supplementation period, a second WAnT was performed. Paired t-tests were conducted to assess the change in fatigue index and mean power variables within each group. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed when comparing pre to post supplementation for individuals in the Beta-alanine group in both mean power output and fatigue index score. Individuals increased their mean power by an average of 94.43 ± 49.73 watts (p=0.012) and decreased their fatigue score by an average of 34.74 ± 22.32% (p=0.006). In comparison, the placebo group's mean power output was an average of 30.79 ± 30.16 Watts (p=0.054). Fatigue index for the placebo group saw only slight improvements totaling a 2.2 ± 14.06% lower fatigue score than their first attempt (p=0.714). CONCLUSION: This pilot study indicates that implementation of a one-week supplementation of 10 mg/kg body weight of beta-alanine results in both an increased total power output and a lower fatigue index score; therefore, this may be an effective tool for improved anaerobic performance.
3d Imaging For Thermal Cameras Using Structured Light (2020)

Optical 3D sensing technologies are exploited for many applications in autonomous vehicles, manufacturing, and consumer products. However, existing techniques may suffer in certain challenging conditions, where scattering may occur due to particles. While the light in the visible and near IR spectrum is affected by scattering, long-wave IR (LWIR) tends to experience less scattering, especially when the particles are much smaller than the incident radiation. We propose and demonstrate the expansion of structured light scanning approaches into the LWIR spectrum using a thermal camera and black body radiation source. We then validate the results produced against ground truth scans from traditional structured light scanners. Additional means for projecting these scanning patterns are also discussed alongside potential drawbacks and challenges of this technique associated with future adoption.
Anti–Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Immune Responses: The Role Played by Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells (2006)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) strain. Analyses of T cell repertoires in health care workers who survived SARS-CoV infection during the 2003 outbreak revealed that their effector memory V gamma 9V delta 2 T cell populations were selectively expanded ~3 months after the onset of disease. No such expansion of their alpha beta T cell pools was detected. The expansion of the V gamma 9V delta 2 T cell population was associated with higher anti-SARS-CoV immunoglobulin G titers. In addition, in vitro experiments demonstrated that stimulated V gamma 9V delta 2 T cells display an interferon- gamma -dependent anti-SARS-CoV activity and are able to directly kill SARS-CoV-infected target cells. These findings are compatible with the possibility that V gamma 9V delta 2 T cells play a protective role during SARS.
Multianalyte Profiling of Serum Antigens and Autoimmune and Infectious Disease Molecules to Identify Biomarkers Dysregulated in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (2008)

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer in the United States. When detected early, the 5-year survival rate is 92%, although most cases remain undetected until the late stages where 5-year survival rates are 30%. Serum biomarkers may hold promise. Although many markers have been proposed and multivariate diagnostic models were built to fit the data on small, disparate sample sets, there has been no systematic evaluation of these markers on a single, large, well-defined sample set. To address this, we evaluated the dysregulation of 204 molecules in a sample set consisting of serum from 294 patients, collected from multiple collection sites, under a well-defined Gynecologic Oncology Group protocol. The population, weighted with early-stage cancers to assess biomarker value for early detection, contained all stages of ovarian cancer and common benign gynecologic conditions. The panel of serum molecules was assayed using rigorously qualified, high-throughput, multiplexed immunoassays and evaluated for their independent ovarian cancer diagnostic potential. Seventy-seven biomarkers were dysregulated in the ovarian cancer samples, although cancer antigen 125, C-reactive protein, epidermal growth factor receptor, interleukin 10, interleukin 8, connective tissue growth factor, haptoglobin, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 stood out as the most informative. When analyzed by cancer subtype and stage, there were differences in the relative value of biomarkers. In this study, using a large sample cohort, we show that some of the reported ovarian cancer biomarkers are more robust than others, and we identify additional informative candidates. These findings may guide the development of multivariate diagnostic models, which should be tested on additional, prospectively collected samples.
Array of Resonant Electromechanical Nanosystems: A Technological Breakthrough for Uncooled Infrared Imaging (2018)

Microbolometers arethe most common uncooled infrared techniques that allow 50 mK-temperature resolution to be achieved on-scene. However, this approach struggles with both self-heating, which is inherent to the resistive readout principle, and 1/f noise. We present an alternative approach that consists of using micro/nanoresonators vibrating according to a torsional mode, and whose resonant frequency changes with the incident IR-radiation. Dense arrays of such electromechanical structures were fabricated with a 12 µm pitch at low temperature, allowing their integration on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits according to a post-processing method. H-shape pixels with 9 µm-long nanorods and a cross-section of 250 nm × 30 nm were fabricated to provide large thermal responses, whose experimental measurements reached up to 1024 Hz/nW. These electromechanical resonators featured a noise equivalent power of 140 pW for a response time of less than 1 ms. To our knowledge, these performances are unrivaled with such small dimensions. We also showed that a temperature sensitivity of 20 mK within a 100 ms integration time is conceivable at a 12 µm pitch by co-integrating the resonators with their readout electronics, and suggesting a new readout scheme. This sensitivity could be reached short-term by depositing on top of the nanorods a vanadium oxide layer that had a phase-transition that could possibly enhance the thermal response by one order of magnitude.
Counting Active Sites on Titanium Oxide–Silica Catalysts for Hydrogen Peroxide Activation through In Situ Poisoning with Phenylphosphonic Acid (2014)

Abstract Quantifying specific active sites in supported catalysts improves our understanding and assists in rational design. Supported oxides can undergo significant structural changes as surface densities increase from site‐isolated cations to monolayers and crystallites, which changes the number of kinetically relevant sites. Herein, TiO x domains are titrated on TiO x –SiO 2 selectively with phenylphosphonic acid (PPA). An ex situ method quantifies all fluid‐accessible TiO x , whereas an in situ titration during cis ‐cyclooctene epoxidation provides previously unavailable values for the number of tetrahedral Ti sites on which H 2 O 2 activation occurs. We use this method to determine the active site densities of 22 different catalysts with different synthesis methods, loadings, and characteristic spectra and find a single intrinsic turnover frequency for cis ‐cyclooctene epoxidation of (40±7) h −1 . This simple method gives molecular‐level insight into catalyst structure that is otherwise hidden when bulk techniques are used.
Magnetic Gold Nanoparticles with Idealized Coating for Enhanced Point‐Of‐Care Sensing (2021)

Magnetic nanoparticles with hybrid sensing functions are in wide use for bioseparation, sensing, and in vivo imaging. Yet, nonspecific protein adsorption to the particle surface continues to present a technical challenge and diminishes the theoretical protein detection capabilities. Here, a magneto-plasmonic nanoparticle synthesis is developed that minimizes nonspecific protein adsorption. Building on the success of zwitterionic polymers, a highly stable and anergic nanomaterial, magnetic gold nanoparticles with idealized coating (MAGIC) is obtained with significantly lower serum protein adsorption compared to control nanoparticles coated with commonly used polymers (polyethylene glycol, polyethylenimine, or polyallylamine hydrochloride). MAGIC nanoparticles are able to sense specific bladder cancer biomarkers at low levels and in the presence of other proteins. This strategy may find wide spread applications for in vitro and in vivo sensing as well as isolations.
Analytical Comparability to Evaluate Impact of Manufacturing Changes of ARX788, an Anti-HER2 ADC in Late-Stage Clinical Development (2023)

Abstract ARX788 is an anti-HER2 antibody drug conjugate (ADC) developed using Ambrx proprietary Engineered Precision Biologics technology. The manufacturing process of ARX788 has been optimized during the course of early to late-phase clinical development. A comprehensive evaluation of side-by-side comparability between pre- and post-change process for ARX788 drug substance and drug product from a quality perspective was conducted based on ICH Q5E guidelines consisting of batch release assays, physicochemical and biophysical characterization, biological characterization, and forced degradation studies. All results have demonstrated a high degree of similarity between the pre- and post-change ARX788 drug substance batches and drug product lots, demonstrating that the process manufacturing changes did not impact product quality.
Cation binding properties of the multiple subforms of RVV-X, the coagulant protein from Vipera russelli (1982)

The factor X activating enzyme from Russell's viper venom (RVV-X) has been shown to exist in multiple subforms, distinguished from each other by their isoelectric points. The differences in isoelectric points were due, as least in part, to dissimilarities in the respective sialic acid contents of the subforms. No functional difference was, however, discovered between any of the subforms. All of the subforms were found, by equilibrium ultrafiltration, to bind Ca2+ reversibly. At least two equivalent Ca2+ binding sites were observed on each protein molecule (Mr 79 000), with a KD of 50 +/- 15 microM at pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C. A new substrate for RVV-X, which does not bind Ca2+, apoprotein AI from human high-density lipoprotein, was used to show that this reversibly bound Ca2+ was not essential for enzymic activity. All subforms have also been shown, by atomic absorption analysis, to contain nonexchangeable metal ions, to the extent of 1 mol of Ca2+ and 0.7 mol of Zn2+ per mol of protein. No Mn2+ or Mg2+ was detected. This nonexchangeable Ca2+ and Zn2+ could only be removed from the protein by incubation at pH 3.0 or by treatment with 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, conditions under which the protein lost activity irreversibly.
Photoinduced electron transfer in 2- tert -butyl-3-(anthracen-9-yl)-2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (2006)

Intramolecular photoinduced electron-transfer from a hydrazine unit to an aromatic group is studied by resonance Raman spectroscopy and electronic absorption spectroscopy. Substituted hydrazine functional groups have played an important role in studies of electron transfer reactions, photo-induced intramolecular electron transfer, and of mixed valence. A prototypical compound, 2-<i>tert</i>-Butyl-3-(Anthracen-9-yl)-2,3-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, that has the hydrazine to anthracene charge transfer band in a region of the visible spectrum suitable for detailed resonance Raman spectroscopy is studied in detail. Excitation profiles are obtained, calculated quantitatively by using time-dependent theoretical methods, and interpreted with the assistance of molecular orbital calculations. Excited state distortions are calculated. The largest distortions occur on the hydrazine unit; the normal mode showing the largest distortion (659 cm<sup>-1</sup>, calculated at 665 cm<sup>-1</sup>) involves an out of plane C-N-N-C bend consistent with removing an electron from the NN &#960; antibonding orbital. Anthracene ring-centered CC stretches also are enhanced, consistent with populating an antibonding &#960; orbital centered on the ring. Excellent fits to all of the excitation profiles and to the absorption band are obtained using one set of excited state potential surfaces.
Virus Trap in Human Serum Albumin Nanotube (2011)

Infectious hepatitis B virus (HBV), namely Dane particles (DPs), consists of a core nucleocapsid including genome DNA covered with an envelope of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). We report the synthesis, structure, and HBV-trapping capability of multilayered protein nanotubes having an anti-HBsAg antibody (HBsAb) layer as an internal wall. The nanotubes were prepared using an alternating layer-by-layer assembly of human serum albumin (HSA) and oppositely charged poly-L-arginine (PLA) into a nanoporous polycarbonate (PC) membrane (pore size, 400 nm), followed by depositions of poly-L-glutamic acid (PLG) and HBsAb. Subsequent dissolution of the PC template yielded (PLA/HSA)(2)PLA/PLG/HBsAb nanotubes (AbNTs). The SEM measurements revealed the formation of uniform hollow cylinders with a 414 ± 16 nm outer diameter and 59 ± 4 nm wall thickness. In an aqueous medium, the swelled nanotubes captured noninfectious spherical small particles of HBsAg (SPs); the binding constant was 3.5 × 10(7) M(-1). Surprisingly, the amount of genome DNA in the HBV solution (HBsAg-positive plasma or DP-rich solution) decreased dramatically after incubation with the AbNTs (-3.9 log order), which implies that the infectious DPs were completely entrapped into the one-dimensional pore space of the AbNTs.
Fabrication and performance of bottom-emitting flip-chip bonded 980 nm vertical-cavity lasers with copper- and indium-plated heat-sinks (2011)

Bottom-emitting, flip-chip bonded, oxide-confined, 980 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with improved performance were fabricated and characterized. Flip-chip bonding, bottom-emitting VCSELs with 20 ?m active area diameter on copper- and indium-plated heat spreaders reduced the devices' thermal resistance by 35% and increased the bias current density at which the output optical power saturates by 19%, which increased the maximum output optical power achieved by 26%. Bonded VCSELs with active area diameters of 20 ?m demonstrated an ~30% decrease in the active region temperature at the maximum output optical power. A 10% improvement in the devices' modulation bandwidth is calculated due to reduced temperature and increased power. Devices with different active area diameters exhibited a threshold current density and differential quantum efficiency of (0.88 ? 10%) kA cm?2 and 0.57 ? 8%, respectively, implying good active area scaling. A simple rate-equation-based thermal VCSEL model was used to extract different VCSELs' parameters, which enabled the estimation of internal temperature for different device sizes at different bias currents. A genetic algorithm was utilized in model parameter extraction and optimization. Good agreement between measured and simulated characteristics for different device sizes was obtained. Detailed protocols for critical fabrication steps are presented.
Stimulation of living cells by femtosecond near-infrared laser pulses (2003)

We have demonstrated that intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> waves in a living HeLa cell can be induced by femtosecond near-infrared laser pulses. In this paper, we present the results of investigation on the process of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> wave generation using pharmacological methods to determine generation mechanisms. A mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser (780 nm, 80 fs, 82 MHz) was used as a wave-triggering light source. The laser beam was focused into HeLa cells by using a water immersion objective lens (NA 0.9). Ca<sup>2+</sup> waves were visualized by using a fluorescent Ca<sup>2+</sup> indicator (Fluo-4) and monitored by a fluorescence microscope. Three mechanisms for the Ca<sup>2+</sup> wave generation were considered; (1) Ca<sup>2+</sup> flow into cells by destruction of the cell membrane, (2) mechanical stress by shock waves associated with the laser absorption, and (3) the leaking of Ca<sup>2+</sup> through the destruction of intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> stores. To investigate the mechanisms, we have performed experiments to determine the dependence of the probability of Ca<sup>2+</sup> wave generation with two kinds of extracellular solutions; (a) a Ca<sup>2+</sup> free extracellular solution (by use of EGTA), and (b) a solution containing U-73122 to inhibit the response to shockwave-based mechanical effects. From these experimental results, we can conclude the main mechanism of Ca<sup>2+</sup> wave generation by laser irradiation is due to the leaking of Ca<sup>2+</sup> through the destruction of intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> stores.
REGN2810: A fully human anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, for patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC)—Initial safety and efficacy from expansion cohorts (ECs) of phase I study. (2017)

9503 Background: There is no established standard of care for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic CSCC. UV-induced DNA damage causes hypermutation in most CSCCs. Therefore, these tumors may be responsive to PD-1 checkpoint blockade. In the dose escalation portion of the phase 1 study of REGN2810, a durable (19 + months) radiologic complete response was observed in a patient (pt) with metastatic CSCC (ASCO 2015, #3024). Methods: ECs enrolled pts with distantly metastatic (EC 7) and locally advanced (EC 8) CSCC. All patients received 3 mg/kg REGN2810 by intravenous infusion over 30 minutes every 2 weeks for up to 48 weeks. Research biopsies were performed at baseline and Day 29 (and at progression, if possible). Tumor measurements were performed every 8 weeks according to RECIST 1.1 to determine overall response rate (ORR). Data cutoff date was 31 Jan 2017. Results: 26 pts were enrolled (10 in EC 7 and 16 in EC 8): median age, 72.5 y (range, 56-88y); median PS 1 (range, 0 – 1); 21M:5F; median number of prior systemic therapy regimens, 1 (range, 0 – 2). Median exposure to REGN2810 was 7 doses (range, 1-22). The most common treatment-related adverse event of any grade was fatigue (19.2%). Each of the following ≥ Grade 3 related AEs occurred once: AST elevation, ALT elevation, arthralgia, and rash. ORR (PR + CR, including unconfirmed) and disease control rate (ORR+SD) were 52% (12/23; 4uPR, 5 PR, 2CR, 1 uCR) and 70% (16/23, including 4SD), respectively. Three patients are not yet evaluable. Median PFS and OS have not been reached, and only one patient has experienced PD during REGN2810 treatment after initial response. Correlative studies are in process, including PD-L1 status and whole exome tumor DNA sequencing. Conclusions: REGN2810 is well tolerated and produces antitumor activity in patients with advanced CSCC. A pivotal trial of REGN2810 for patients with advanced CSCC is enrolling patients (NCT02760498). Clinical trial information: NCT02383212.
Evaluation of Tool Performance of Recycle-Type Fe<sub>3</sub>Al Based Alloy for Pure Cu (2014)

Recycle-type Fe 3 Al (hereinafter designated as Re-Fe 3 Al) based alloys reinforced by the carbides of TiC or ZrC were processed by the high frequency induction melting method using a high-carbon Cr steel sludge, Al can scraps and the transition metals of Ti or Zr. The carbides were synthesized by in-situ reaction between the transition metal and carbon in the molten iron aluminum alloy. Vickers hardness values are 309HV0.5 for Re-Fe 3 Al/TiC alloy, and 473HV0.5 for Re-Fe 3 Al/ZrC alloy, which are higher than that of P-Fe 3 Al (preprared from pure-Fe and-Al). The cutting performance of the Re-Fe 3 Al baed alloys was compared with a High-Speed-Steel (HSS) by cutting tests for pure-Cu extruded bar (C1020) using a lathe under a dry condition. Tool life limit was estimated from frank wear length after the cutting tests of C1020 by finish-machining. Tool life limit of Re-Fe 3 Al/TiC alloy is more than16 min; P-Fe 3 Al was 12 min; HSS was 8 min, Re-Fe 3 Al/ZrC alloy was 7 min at the cutting speed of 100m/min. Also, tool life limit of the Re-Fe 3 Al/TiC alloy was more than twice times as long as that of the HSS at the cutting speed of 300/min. The relationship between cutting speed and tool life limit clearly indicated that the Re-Fe 3 Al/TiC alloy was better than the HSS at a higher cutting speed. Therefore, it was concluded that Re-Fe 3 Al/TiC alloy has excellent cutting tool performance.
A Multicast Queuing Mechanism for Layered Multicast in Heterogeneous Environments (2007)

Layered multicast delivers multi-rate data to support heterogenous environments in a multicast service. In layered multicast, each layer has different delay according to the number of receivers. Therefore, we propose a multicast queuing mechanim for layered multicast in heterogeneous environments to reduce the delay variance among layers.
20.1 A digitally controlled fully integrated voltage regulator with on-die solenoid inductor with planar magnetic core in 14nm tri-gate CMOS (2017)

Fully integrated on-die buck voltage regulators (VR) promise efficient and wide-range local power delivery and management capability with fast transient response for fine-grain DVFS domains of high power density in complex SoCs. Integration of high-quality power inductors that can support high current density with minimal losses is a major challenge.
Multimodal sparse Bayesian dictionary learning applied to multimodal data classification (2017)

In this paper, we present a novel multimodal sparse dictionary learning algorithm based on a hierarchical sparse Bayesian framework. The framework allows for enforcing joint sparsity across dictionaries without restricting the actual entries to be equal. We show that the proposed method is able to learn dictionaries of higher quality than existing approaches. We validate our claims with extensive experiments on synthetic data as well as real-world data.
Urinary Lipoarabinomannan as Predictor for the Tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (2011)

If CD4 T-cell count testing is available, a pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy urinary LAM test has no added value to predict TB-IRIS. When CD4 T-cell count is not available, a positive LAM test could identify patients at increased risk of TB-IRIS.