gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NOE and PGSE NMR Spectroscopic Studies of Solution Structure and Aggregation in Metallocenium Ion-Pairs (2004)

The solution structures of the metallocenium homogeneous polymerization catalyst ion-pairs [Cp(2)ZrMe](+)[MeB(C(6)F(5))(3)](-) (1), [(1,2-Me(2)Cp)(2)ZrMe](+)[MeB(C(6)F(5))(3)](-) (2), [(Me(2)SiCp(2))ZrMe](+)[MeB(C(6)F(5))(3)](-) (3), [Me(2)C(Fluorenyl)(Cp)ZrMe](+)[FPBA](-) (FPBA = tris(2,2',2' '-nonafluorobiphenyl)fluoroaluminate) (4), [rac-Et(Indenyl)(2)ZrMe](+)[FPBA](-) (5), [(Me(5)Cp)(2)ThMe](+)[B(C(6)F(5))(4)](-) (6), [(Me(2)SiCp(2))Zr(Me)(THF)](+)[MeB(C(6)F(5))(3)](-) (7), [(Me(2)SiCp(2))Zr(Me)(PPh(3))](+)[MeB(C(6)F(5))(3)](-) (8), [(Me(2)SiCp(2))Zr(Me)(THF)](+)[B(C(6)F(5))(4)](-) (9), [(Me(2)Si(Me(4)Cp)(t-BuN)Zr(Me)(solvent)](+)[B(C(6)F(5))(4)](-) (solvent = benzene, toluene) (10), [(Cp(2)ZrMe)(2)(mu-Me)](+)[MePBB](-) (PBB = tris(2,2',2"-nonafluorobiphenyl)borane) (11), and [(Cp(2)Zr)(2)(mu-CH(2))(mu-Me)](+)[MePBB](-) (12), having the counteranion in the inner (1, 3, 4, 5, and 6) or outer (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12) coordination sphere, have been investigated for the first time in solvents with low relative permittivity such as benzene or toluene by (1)H NOESY and (1)H,(19)F HOESY NMR spectroscopy. It is found that the average interionic solution structures of the inner sphere contact ion-pairs are similar to those in the solid state with the anion B-Me (1, 3) or Al-F (5) vectors oriented toward the free zirconium coordination site. The HOESY spectrum of complex 6 is in agreement with the reported solid-state structure. In contrast, in outer sphere contact ion-pairs 7, 8, 9, and 10, the anion is located far from the Zr-Me(+) moiety and much nearer to the Me(2)Si bridge than in 3. The interionic structure of 8 is concentration-dependent, and for concentrations greater than 2 mM, a loss of structural localization is observed. PGSE NMR measurements as a function of concentration (0.1-5.0 mM) indicate that the tendency to form aggregates of nuclearity higher than simple ion-pairs is dependent on whether the anion is in the inner or outer coordination sphere of the metallocenium cation. Complexes 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 show no evidence of aggregation up to 5 mM (well above concentrations typically used in catalysis) or at the limit of saturated solutions (complexes 3 and 6), while concentration-dependent behavior is observed for complexes 7, 8, 10, and 11. These outer sphere ion-pairs begin to exhibit significant evidence for ion-quadruples in solutions having concentrations greater than 0.5 mM with the tendency to aggregate being a function of metal ligation and anion structure. Above 2 mM, compound 8 exists as higher aggregates that are probably responsible for the loss of interionic structural specificity.
Critical Role and Therapeutic Control of the Lectin Pathway of Complement Activation in an Abortion-Prone Mouse Mating (2015)

The abortion-prone mating combination CBA/J × DBA/2 has been recognized as a model of preeclampsia, and complement activation has been implicated in the high rate of pregnancy loss observed in CBA/J mice. We have analyzed the implantation sites collected from DBA/2-mated CBA/J mice for the deposition of the complement recognition molecules using CBA/J mated with BALB/c mice as a control group. MBL-A was observed in the implantation sites of CBA/J × DBA/2 combination in the absence of MBL-C and was undetectable in BALB/c-mated CBA/J mice. Conversely, C1q was present in both mating combinations. Searching for other complement components localized at the implantation sites of CBA/J × DBA/2, we found C4 and C3, but we failed to reveal C1r. These data suggest that complement is activated through the lectin pathway and proceeds to completion of the activation sequence as revealed by C9 deposition. MBL-A was detected as early as 3.5 d of pregnancy, and MBL-A deficiency prevented pregnancy loss in the abortion-prone mating combination. The contribution of the terminal complex to miscarriage was supported by the finding that pregnancy failure was largely inhibited by the administration of neutralizing Ab to C5. Treatment of DBA/2-mated CBA/J mice with Polyman2 that binds to MBL-A with high affinity proved to be highly effective in controlling the activation of the lectin pathway and in preventing fetal loss.
Abstract B132: A new concept of cancer immunotherapy by targeting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through a childhood recall antigen (2019)

Abstract Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have a five-year survival of only 6%. Cancer immunotherapy has shown promising results for metastatic cancer but only in 20% of the patients. Our lab has developed a new concept of immunotherapy using an attenuated non-pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes for the selective delivery of a highly immunogenic recall antigen tetanus toxoid (TT) into tumor cells of pancreatic tumors and metastases. Most individuals have been exposed to TT during childhood vaccinations and memory T-cells to TT circulate in blood for live. These memory T-cells to TT can be reactivated by Listeria-TT at any time in life and will now destroy the infected tumor cells. Low doses of gemcitabine (GEM) were added to further improve T-cell responses. Panc-02 and KPC mice were immunized with the “human TT vaccine” to generate memory T-cells before development of the pancreatic cancer. After cancer development, mice were treated with Listeria-TT and GEM, and tumors (weight) and metastases (number) were analyzed by eye in the Panc-02 mice, and by SUVmax (measurement of tumor growth) in the KPC mice. T-cell responses in the spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISPOT, and KPC tumors were analyzed by RNAseq. Listeria-TT and GEM nearly completely eliminated both early and advanced pancreatic cancer in Panc-02 and KPC mice, in correlation with abundant CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses producing perforin, granzyme B, or IFNγ, in vivo or in vitro, respectively. RNAseq analysis of “treated” KPC tumors showed a strong influx of CD4 and CD8 T-cells, upregulation of multiple granzymes, perforin, co-stimulatory molecules, and cell death pathways. These results suggest the multiple synergistic effects of Listeria-TT and GEM on pancreatic cancer. This novel treatment modality of Listeria-TT and GEM warrants further investigation in a clinical setting. Citation Format: Benson C. Selvanesan, Dinesh Chandra, Wilber Quispe, Ankur Patel, Kiran Meena, Steven K. Libutti, Ziqiang Yuan, Jennifer Chuy, Claudia Gravekamp. A new concept of cancer immunotherapy by targeting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through a childhood recall antigen [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B132.
Stereo Coding with MVC (2010)

This paper presents an investigation into the coding efficiency of the multiview video coding (MVC) extension of MPEG-4 AVC/H.264. MVC adds prediction among multiple views to the temporal motion compensation and prediction known as intercoding. Here, we consider the case of only two views or stereo coding. How much coding gain should we expect from the addition of inter-view coding to the motion-only coding of left and right-eye images? To answer this question, we examine fundamental qualitative and quantitative differences between temporal motion vectors and stereo disparity vectors. These differences are related to simple properties of the images themselves, and they affect the entire prediction stage and hence overall coding efficiency. Results suggest that the differences in the statistics of motion vectors compared to those of disparity vectors, along with the statistics of the resulting residuals, offers insight into the overall coding efficiencies currently observed in stereo coding.
Water-Zeolite Interfaces for Controlling Reaction Routes in Fischer- Tropsch Synthesis of Alternative Fuels (2020)

Background: The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) remains an important process for motor fuel production from CO and H2. The composition of the FTS products (hydrocarbon mixtures) depends on the properties of a catalyst and on the process conditions. Summary: The introduction of zeolites into catalytic systems can alter the molecular weight distribution paving the way to tailor-made fuels, as was revealed by recent research results produced in the laboratories worldwide. The AlO4 and SiO4 tetrahedrons, which constitute the zeolites, are able to transfer electrons and ions in a way, which makes water-zeolite interfaces capable of initiating active carbonium ions. It was shown in a number of works that the water-zeolite interface plays a key role in diverting the FTS from the classical route. Conclusion: This review gives a critical analysis of literature data on the role of water-zeolite interfaces on FTS cobalt catalysts and on the interactions of hydrophobic and hydrophilic zeolites with water.
Characteristics of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation in Patients With Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices (2015)

Catheter ablation of VT among LVAD recipients is feasible and reasonably safe even soon after LVAD implantation. Intrinsic myocardial scar, rather than the apical cannula, seems to be the dominant substrate.
Metal-carbon composite electrodes from fiber precursors (for secondary cells) (2003)

The authors present an approach to the fabrication of metal-carbon composite electrodes. Stainless steel fibers (<or=2 mu m in diameter) and carbon fiber bundles (20 mu m in diameter) are combined with cellulose (as the binding agent) into an interwoven paper preform. The composite paper preform is then sintered to a stainless steel foil substrate to form the electrode structure. Composite electrode structures are characterized using scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical and kinetic measurements. The results demonstrate the versatility of the fabrication process of these composite electrodes for high-energy-density applications.<<ETX>>
Simulation of variable‐speed wind generation system using boost converter of permanent magnet synchronous generator (2009)

Abstract This paper proposes a variable‐speed wind generation system using the boost converter. The proposed system has three speed control modes for the wind velocity. The control mode of low wind velocity regulates the armature current of the generator with the boost converter to control the speed of wind turbine. The control mode of middle wind velocity regulates the DC link voltage with the vector controlled inverter to control the speed of wind turbine. The control mode of high wind velocity regulates the pitch angle of the wind turbine with the pitch angle control system to control the speed of the wind turbine. The hybrid combination of three control modes extends the variable‐speed range. The proposed system simplifies maintenance, improves reliability, and reduces the costs compared with the variable‐speed wind generation system using a PWM converter. This paper describes the control strategy and modeling for a simulation of the proposed system using Simulink of Matlab. It also describes the control strategy and modeling of a variable‐speed wind generation system using a PWM converter. The steady state and transient responses for wind velocity changes are simulated using Matlab Simulink. This paper verifies the fundamental performance of the system using a boost converter by discussing the simulation results of both systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 169(4): 37–54, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20902
Is there structure on the scale of 300/h MPC ? (1989)

We explore the existence of very large scale structure in the Abell catalog. Using percolation analysis techniques, we compare the properties of the Tully sample of Abell clusters with simulated cluster catalogs. The simulated catalogs are generated with random distributions and with two-point correlation functions of various amplitudes. The "supercluster complexes" suggested by Tully are not statistically different from clumps generated in simulations with correlation lengths greater than ~ 15h^-1^ Mpc. Our 95% confidence limits on the cluster-cluster correlation length for the Tully sample are 16^-1^ Mpc &lt;= R_0_ &lt;= 31h^-1^ Mpc. The southern Abell cluster distribution is reproduced in the clustered simulations about 20%-30% of the time. This frequency is a function of the correlation length--the Poisson simulations produce such anisotropic distribution only about 6% of the time. The frequency of flattening is independent of the large-scale power cutoff when the cutoff is greater than ~40h^-1^ Mpc. Tully's reported structures are real in the sense that they contradict the hypothesis that Abell clusters are randomly distributed. It is likely that the observed effect is due to the superposition of a few superclusters. The present data, however, do not require clustering scenarios which have correlations beyond ~ 45h^-1^ Mpc. If supercluster complexes trace the large-scale distribution of mass and are formed by gravitational instabilities of small initial random phase inhomogeneities, than the predicted perturbations of the cosmic microwave background are in conflict with the current observational limits; in high-density cosmological models, such complexes generate excessive bulk flows. We conclude that there is no definitive evidence for structure on the scale of 300h^-1^ Mpc.
Insights into Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials: From Nanoscience to Catalysis, Separation, Optics, Energy, and Life Science (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Synthesis Strategies to Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials Emerging Applications of Hierarchically Structural Porous Materials Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Oncologic considerations (2020)

Longer-term follow-up of breast-conservation therapy trials have established oncological equivalence with mastectomy in terms of overall survival. Oncoplastic techniques offer the potential for resection of tumors exceeding 4–5 cm with clear surgical margins in women with larger breasts, although induction chemotherapy can often reduce initial tumor size. However, consideration of functional information from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the form of pharmacokinetic parameters from dynamic contrast enhancement, apparent diffusion weighted MRI to assess the stroma adjacent to the tumor may become relevant in treatment planning. The ability to accurately measure tumor size can be more problematic for both mammography and ultrasound with tumor margins being particularly difficult to define when a tumor is located in a zone of fibrocystic change.
Particulate emissions from commercial shipping: Chemical, physical, and optical properties (2009)

We characterize particulate emissions on the basis of chemical, physical, and optical properties from commercial vessels. Observations during the Texas Air Quality Study/Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study 2006 field campaign provide chemical and physical characteristics including sulfate (SO 4 2− ) mass, organic matter (OM) mass, black carbon (BC) mass, particulate matter (PM) mass, number concentrations (condensation nuclei (CN) &gt; 5 nm), and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Optical characterization included multiple wavelength visible light absorption and extinction, extinction relative humidity dependence, and single scatter albedo (SSA). The global contribution of shipping PM was calculated to be 0.90 Tg a −1 , in good agreement with previous inventories (0.91 and 1.13 Tg a −1 from Eyring et al. (2005a) and Wang et al. [2008]). Observed PM composition was 46% SO 4 2− , 39% OM, and 15% BC and differs from inventories that used 81%, 14%, and 5% and 31%, 63%, and 6% SO 4 2− , OM, and BC, respectively. SO 4 2− and OM mass were found to be dependent on fuel sulfur content as were SSA, hygroscopicity, and CCN concentrations. BC mass was dependent on engine type and combustion efficiency. A plume evolution study conducted on one vessel showed conservation of particle light absorption, decrease in CN &gt; 5 nm, increase in particle hygroscopicity, and an increase in average particle size with distance from emission. These results suggest emission of small nucleation mode particles that subsequently coagulate/condense onto larger BC and OM. This work contributes to an improved understanding of the impacts of ship emissions on climate and air quality and will also assist in determining potential effects of altering fuel standards.
Improved channel mobility of 4H-SiC n-MOSFETs by ultrahigh-temperature gate oxidation with low-oxygen partial-pressure cooling (2018)

An n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with high field-effect mobility (μFE) on 4H-SiC (0001) was fabricated using an ultrahigh-temperature gate-oxidation technique, and its improved channel mobility was demonstrated by employing a low-oxygen partial-pressure cooling procedure. The ideal flatband voltage for n-MOS and p-MOS capacitors and hysteresis-free drain current–gate voltage (Id–Vg) characteristics were obtained through gate oxidation at 1450 °C in 100% O2 ambient at 1 atm followed by the low-oxygen partial-pressure (1%) rapid-cooling procedure. From the Id–Vg characteristics, a μFE of 15.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 was obtained under the pure O2 gate-oxidation process.
Kruppel-Like Factor 2 Controls T Cell Trafficking by Activating L-Selectin (CD62L) and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Transcription (2007)

Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a member of zinc-finger transcription factors. Based on its expression in naive and memory T cells and the activated phenotype of few T cells in mice lacking KLF2 in the lymphoid lineage, KLF2 is postulated to regulate T cell homeostasis by promoting cell quiescence. In this study, we show that in reporter gene assays KLF2 directly activates the promoters of both CD62L and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1), whose expression is critical for T cell egress from the thymus and homing to the lymph nodes. Correspondingly, exogenous KLF2 expression in primary T cells significantly up-regulates both CD62L and S1P1. Following adoptive transfer, KLF2-transduced T cells are much more efficient in homing to lymphoid organs than nontransduced T cells. These findings suggest that KLF2 regulates T cell homeostasis at least partly by controlling CD62L and S1P1 expression, and therefore T cell egress from the thymus and circulation in the periphery.
A Cellular Multiband DTC-Based Digital Polar Transmitter With −153 dBc/Hz Noise in 14-nm FinFET (2019)

A digital polar transmitter is presented that uses a digital-to-time-converter (DTC) to enable high-efficiency polar RFDAC for multiband and wide-channel applications. The transmitter uses coarse division inherent in DTC operation to generate TX output frequencies from 0.7 to 2.2 GHz with DCO tuning range of only 7.3–8.7 GHz (±8.7%). The TX was fabricated in 14-nm FinFET and achieves noise of −153/−150 dBc/Hz for LTE5/LTE20 in Band1 with DTC power dissipation of 27 mW. The DTC was implemented using digital Automatic-Place-and-Route tools, requiring very limited analog layout resources.
Compact polarization-insensitive array isolator built-in SOA gate array switch module for large-scale switch systems (2009)

We developed an SOA gate array switch module with a novel polarization-insensitive built-in array isolator. We achieved excellent optical coupling characteristics that had insertion losses of about 3 dB and high-isolation of over 45 dB in 80 nm wide wavelength ranges.
Gastrocnemius Muscle Flap Coverage of Exposed or Infected Knee Prostheses (1993)

A retrospective analysis was performed of 12 patients who required soft-tissue coverage of an exposed or infected total knee prosthesis between 1982 and 1989. All knees had skin closure with medial gastrocnemius muscle flaps. At a mean follow-up period of 41 months, all patients who were treated for infected prostheses with removal of the implant, intravenous antibiotics, and muscle flap closure had an excellent clinical result with complete skin coverage and no infection. Five of the six patients went on to successful reimplantation. Of the patients with an exposed prosthesis, five of six had an excellent outcome with retention of the prosthesis. Thus, 11 of 12 patients (92%) who had medial gastrocnemius flap coverage of an exposed or infected knee prosthesis had an excellent outcome, with ten of 12 patients (82%) retaining their prostheses or having a successful reimplantation. No medial gastrocnemius flap failed after standard primary or revision total knee arthroplasty. Gastrocnemius muscle flaps provide excellent soft-tissue coverage of exposed or infected knee prostheses and facilitate surgical care of this difficult problem.
Visual Gender Biases in Wikipedia: A Systematic Evaluation across the Ten Most Spoken Languages (2021)

Wikipedia, a collaborative crowd-sourced platform, is the largest, most visited online encyclopedia. Since it spreads information freely in more than 300 languages, many users, tools, and dashboards rely on its content. Hence, there is a need to maintain its fairness and completeness. However, previous research has indicated the existence of a significant gender gap in Wikipedia biographical articles. We already know that a minimal proportion of those articles portray women and there are gender asymmetries in the textual content of these articles, but little has been reported about the visual aspects (e.g., image volume or image quality) of the gender gap. Here, we analyze all biographies available on Wikipedia across 300 occupations in the ten most widely spoken languages, and undertake quantitative and qualitative analysis of gender differences in the written and visual content. The cross-lingual results indicate that (1) much of the male bias in content arises when editors select which personalities should have a Wikipedia page, (2) the trends in written and visual content are quite dissimilar, (3) men biographies tend to have more images across languages, and (4) female biographies average better visual quality. A more granular analysis is performed on English Wikipedia, distinguishing trends in occupations and qualitatively analyzing science and technology biographies. The overall results shed light on the kinds of visual biases that emerge in the collaborative creation of Wikipedia and yield guidelines for future management of contributions on the platform.
AMORD explicit control of reasoning (1977)

The construction of expert problem-solving systems requires the development of techniques for using modular representations of knowledge without encountering combinatorial explosions in the solution effort. This report describes an approach to dealing with this problem based on making some knowledge which is usually implicitly part of an expert problem solver explicit, thus allowing this knowledge about control to be manipulated and reasoned about. The basic components of this approach involve using explicit representations of the control structure of the problem solver, and linking this and other knowledge manipulated by the expert by means of explicit data dependencies.