gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graph Theory Measures and Their Application to Neurosurgical Eloquence (2023)

Improving patient safety and preserving eloquent brain are crucial in neurosurgery. Since there is significant clinical variability in post-operative lesions suffered by patients who undergo surgery in the same areas deemed compensable, there is an unknown degree of inter-individual variability in brain 'eloquence'. Advances in connectomic mapping efforts through diffusion tractography allow for utilization of non-invasive imaging and statistical modeling to graphically represent the brain. Extending the definition of brain eloquence to graph theory measures of hubness and centrality may help to improve our understanding of individual variability in brain eloquence and lesion responses. While functional deficits cannot be immediately determined intra-operatively, there has been potential shown by emerging technologies in mapping of hub nodes as an add-on to existing surgical navigation modalities to improve individual surgical outcomes. This review aims to outline and review current research surrounding novel graph theoretical concepts of hubness, centrality, and eloquence and specifically its relevance to brain mapping for pre-operative planning and intra-operative navigation in neurosurgery.
RETINAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA TYPE 7 IN TWO CONSECUTIVE GENERATIONS (2016)

Spinocerebellar ataxia Type 7 is a disease of expanded CAG repeats showing genetic anticipation. Patients display progressive cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria dysphagia, slow saccadic eye movements, and cone photoreceptor loss leading to progressive vision loss. CAG repeat length tends to expand with transmission resulting in dramatic symptoms in offspring sometimes resulting in diagnosis before parents' diagnosis. Awareness of this condition may help in earlier diagnosis and unnecessary testing resulting in more effective counseling for the patient and their family.
Connectivity model of the anatomic substrates and network abnormalities in major depressive disorder: A coordinate meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity (2023)

Increasing data suggests major depressive disorder (MDD) involves abnormal functional connectivity within a variety of large-scale brain networks. However, due to the use of unstandardized parcellation schemes, the interactions between these networks and the specific neuroanatomic substrates involved requires further review. We therefore sought to conduct a meta-analysis of functional connectivity changes encountered in MDD using a detailed and standardized parcellation scheme. A literature search for relevant resting-state fMRI studies related to MDD in PubMed was conducted. BrainMap's GingerALE 2.3.6 extracted the relevant fMRI data for creation of an activation likelihood estimation (ALE). A sphere was placed at the MNI coordinate of each ALE cluster and seed origin point, and the Human Connectome Project (HCP) parcellation schema was projected on these spheres. The parcellations most present in the ALE were analyzed based on their associated functional network and/or subcortical area to identify abnormal pairs based on the ALE and seed origin parcellation. Ultimately, 483 subjects across 15 studies were analyzed, wherein areas of decreased or increased functional connectivity compared to healthy controls were identified. Our MDD model most commonly implicated increased default mode network (DMN)-central executive network (CEN) pairs, while decreased paired networks commonly included the DMN with other brain networks. All intra DMN-DMN connections and salience network (SN) pairs showed decreased functional connectivity, while all intra CENCEN functional connectivity were increased compared to controls. We hypothesize that our findings of abnormal connectivity between the DMN, CEN, and SN core cognitive networks may demonstrate the inappropriate allocation of cognitive resources and cognitive depletion believed to cause persisting rumination in depression. Despite previous claims, DMN connectivity was found to be generally decreased, and we propose its connectivity direction is dependent on its interacting network partner and the specific parcellations involved. While both of these hypotheses remain speculative and require further validation, our work provides a comprehensive and anatomically precise model to be refined in future studies focusing on the functional connectivity underlying MDD pathophysiology.
Activation of the signal transducer gp130 by interleukin-11 and interleukin-6 is mediated by similar molecular interactions (1998)

The transmembrane glycoprotein gp130 is involved in many cytokine-mediated cellular responses and acts therein as the signal transducing receptor subunit. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-11 (IL-11), in complex with their specific alpha-receptors, homodimerize gp130 and, as a consequence, activate the Janus kinase (Jak)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathway in their target cells. So far, it is not clear whether gp130 is bound to these cytokines and their specific alpha-receptor subunits through identical or different epitopes. In order to study the interaction of IL-11 and IL-11R with human gp130 the soluble form of the recently cloned human IL-11R was expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells. By a coprecipitation binding-assay it is demonstrated that IL-11 and IL-6 compete for binding to gp130. Using deletion and point mutants of gp130 it is shown that IL-11-IL-11R and IL-6-IL-6R recognize overlapping binding motifs on gp130. Moreover, using well-established Jak-deficient cell lines we demonstrate that STAT activation by IL-11 requires Jak1. Taken together, our data support the concept that IL-6 and IL-11 activate gp130 by very similar molecular mechanisms.
A comparison of four methods of weighting double difference pseudorange measurements (1995)

Abstract Differential GPS pseudorange measurements can be used to achieve metre level positions suitable for a wide variety of applications. The most significant detrimental factor affecting position estimates determined using pseudorange measurements is signal multipath. Multipath errors are typically a maximum at low satellite elevations, where most physical obstructions are located. Pseudorange measurements can be weighted appropriately in an attempt to minimise the effects of multipath on computed positions. The satellite elevation and signal strength (as defined by the signal to noise ratio) are two factors which can be used either separately or in combination. This paper presents an analysis of four weighting schemes, one based solely on satellite elevation, another solely on signal to noise ratio, a third on a combination of the first two schemes and finally a scheme which applies equal weight to all measurements. The results of a test conducted over a twenty-four hour period indicate that inferior horizontal and three-dimensional position estimates are generated when the fixed variance (equal) weighting scheme is used as opposed to the other three schemes, which all yield comparable results.
Evaluation of left ventricular segmental wall motion in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with myocardial tagging. (1992)

Magnetic resonance myocardial tagging allows the noninvasive assessment of regional wall motion. Both in normal volunteers and in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, cardiac motion occurs in a complex mode, with the base and the apex rotating in opposite directions and the equatorial plane as a transitional zone (wringing motion). A reduced cardiac rotation can be observed in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mainly in the posterior region, whereas a reduced radial displacement is found in the inferior septal zone.
Building Virtual Power Meters for Online Load Tracking (2019)

Many energy optimizations require fine-grained, load-level energy data collected in real time, most typically by a plug-level energy meter. Online load tracking is the problem of monitoring an individual electrical load’s energy usage in software by analyzing the building’s aggregate smart meter data. Load tracking differs from the well-studied problem of load disaggregation in that it emphasizes per-load accuracy and efficient, online operation rather than accurate disaggregation of every building load via offline analysis. In essence, tracking a particular load creates a virtual power meter for it, which mimics having a networked-connected power meter attached to the load, but notably does not require tracking every other load as well. We propose PowerPlay , a model-driven system for performing accurate, high-performance online load tracking. Our results from applying the system to real-world energy data demonstrate that PowerPlay (i) enables efficient online tracking on low-power embedded platforms, (ii) scales to thousands of loads (across many buildings) on server platforms, and (iii) improves per-load accuracy by more than a factor of two compared to a state-of-the-art load disaggregation algorithm. Our results point to the potential of replacing physical energy meters by “virtual” power meters using a system like PowerPlay.
Study of Two-Phase Flow Downstream of a Gas Turbine Combustor Dome Swirl Cup (1993)

The two-phase axisymmetric flowfield downstream of the swirl cup of an advanced gas turbine combustor is studied numerically. The swirl cup analyzed is that of a single annular GE/SNECMA CFM56 turbofan engine that is comprised of a pair of coaxial counter-swirling air streams together with a fuel atomizer. The atomized fuel mixes with the swirling air stream resulting in the establishment of a complex two-phase flowfield within the swirl chamber. The analysis procedure involves the solution of the gas phase equations in a Eulerian frame of reference. The flow is assumed to be nonreacting and isothermal. The liquid phase is simulated by using a droplet spray model and by treating the motion of the fuel droplets in a Lagrangian frame of reference. Extensive Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) data for the CFM56 engine swirl cup has been obtained at atmospheric pressure by using water as the fuel (Wang et al., 1992a). This includes measurements of the gas phase velocity in the absence and presence of the spray together with the droplet size, droplet number count and droplet velocity distribution information at various axial stations downstream of the injector. Numerical calculations were performed under the exact inlet and boundary conditions as the experimental measurements. The computed gas phase velocity field showed good agreement with the test data. The agreement was found to be best at the stations close to the primary venturi of the swirler and to be reasonable at later stations. To compare the droplet data, a numerical PDPA scheme was formulated whereby several sampling volumes were selected within the computational domain. The trajectories of various droplets passing through these volumes were monitored and appropriately integrated. The calculated droplet count and mean droplet velocity distributions were compared with the measurements and showed very good agreement in the case of larger size droplets and fair agreement for smaller size droplets.
A novel single-phase AC-AC BD-IPT system with zero power ripple (2016)

Bidirectional and wireless power delivery to electric vehicles (EVs) or vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications can be realized through bidirectional inductive power transfer (BD-IPT) technology but typically requires a three-stage power conversion process. This paper proposes a novel single-phase AC-AC BD-IPT system that requires only a two-stage power conversion process to facilitate wireless power transfer between EVs and the grid, while eliminating the power ripple found in traditional AC-AC BD-IPT converters. The operating principles of the the proposed system are presented to show that both magnitude and direction of power flow can be controlled through the relative phase angle and the pulse width modulation of voltages produced by primary and pick-up converters. Viability of the proposed concept is verified through simulations of a 3.7 kW system; and without an additional power conversion stage, the proposed BD-IPT system is low in cost, and ideal for wireless charging of EVs or V2G applications.
A novel near-infrared metalens using type I hyperbolic metamaterial (2019)

Metamaterials, or synthetic materials that have engineered material parameters, have been utilized to demonstrate extraordinary usefulness in the control of electromagnetic waves. In this paper, a novel metalens design in the near infrared band from 1.5&mu;m to 3&mu;m is presented. It consists of a Fresnel zone plate (FZP)-type metasurface which is called a plasmonic waveguide coupler (PWC), situated on a slab of type I hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) that lies on a silicon substrate which has a silver nanodipole embedded within it. The PWC is made out of rings of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and the type I HMM is constructed using a periodic stack of ITO and silicon layers that, through effective medium theory (EMT), act as a slab of type I HMM. Together the PWC and the HMM slab serve to focus incoming radiation onto a focal point marked by the location of the silver (Ag) nanodipole. The Ag nanodipole allows for high subwavelength confinement of optical modes because the in-focal point component of the electromagnetic field vector couples to the plasmonic resonance of the dipole. The maximum achieved resolution is up to 0.01667 &lambda; at an operating wavelength of 1.53 &mu;m and electric field intensity enhancement of 10<sup>6</sup> is achieved. The enhancement in field is related to the principal localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) around the resonator’s edges on the interface between the Ag nanodipole and the substrate.
A new method to implement resampled uniform PWM suitable for distributed control of modular multilevel converters (2013)

Two existing methods to implement resampling modulation technique for modular multilevel converter (MMC) (the sampling frequency is a multiple of the carrier frequency) are: the software solution (using a microcontroller) and the hardware solution (using FPGA). The former has a certain level of inaccuracy in terms of switching instant, while the latter is inflexible with higher cost. In order to overcome these drawbacks, this paper proposes an alternative solution, which uses high frequency saw-tooth carrier and two independent comparators, usually available in microcontrollers, to create the proper switching instances needed for the resampling modulation technique. The software implementation of the proposed phase shifted PWM (PS-PWM) method, and its application in a distributed control system for MMC, are fully discussed in this paper. Simulation and experiment results show that the proposed solution can realize the resampled uniform PWM and provide high effective sampling frequency and low time delay, which is critical for the distributed control of MMC.
Enhancing a Traditional Ergonomics Tool With Capabilities and Algorithms From Immersive Environments (2007)

This paper presents our continuing work in approaches to link traditional, commercially available ergonomics evaluation tools with virtual environment tools for providing enhanced capabilities for engineering design. Ergonomic evaluation tools in engineering design are fairly mature and are used in important and specific ways to analyze human model postures in industry. The promising capabilities of immersive environment tools such as realistic environments and interactions, constraint-based modeling, and physically-based modeling are attractive to industry but have so far been available only in environments separate from the traditional ergonomics analysis tools. Our research seeks to create well-integrated synergistic approaches that will complement traditional ergonomics tools with a careful assimilation of capabilities and algorithms from a virtual environment. The information exchange, representations, communication, and computational issues involved in achieving this connectivity are discussed in this paper. We demonstrate this functionality between a commercial ergonomics tool and an immersive assembly system. It is anticipated that this synergy between an ergonomics tool and a virtual environment will lead to breakthroughs and ease of use benefits similar to those that have now been obtained by the close integration of CAD and virtual environments.
Binding of thyroid hormones and analogs to the human plasma protein prealbumin (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinding of thyroid hormones and analogs to the human plasma protein prealbuminTariq A. Andrea, Ralph R. Cavalieri, Ira D. Goldfine, and Eugene C. JorgensenCite this: Biochemistry 1980, 19, 1, 55–63Publication Date (Print):January 8, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 8 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00542a009https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00542a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management With Battery Thermal Considerations Using Multi-Rate Dynamic Programming (2013)

Battery capacity and battery thermal management control have a significant impact on the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) fuel economy. Additionally, battery temperature has a key influence on the battery health in an HEV. In the past, battery temperature and cooling capacity has not been included while performing optimization studies for power management or optimal battery sizing. This paper presents an application of Dynamic Programming (DP) to HEV optimization with battery thermal constraints. The optimization problem is formulated with 3 state variables, namely, the battery State Of Charge (SOC), the engine speed and the battery bulk temperature. This optimization is critical for determining appropriate battery size and battery thermal management design. The proposed problem has a major challenge in computation time due to the large state space. The paper describes a novel multi-rate DP algorithm to reduce the computational challenges associated with the particular class of large-scale problem where states evolve at very different rates. In HEV applications, the battery thermal dynamics is orders of magnitude slower than powertrain dynamics. The proposed DP algorithm provides a novel way of tackling this problem with multiple time rates for DP with each time rate associated with the fast and slow states separately. Additionally, the paper gives possible numerical techniques to reduce the DP computational time and the time reduction for each technique is shown.
Observation of Magnetic Flux Using Magnetotactic Bacteria. (1994)

A magnetotactic bacterium contains magnetite (Fe3O4)p articles in its body and can swim toward the North Pole along geomagnetic field lines in the northern hemisphere. Using magnetotactic bacteria, we tried to observe the magnetic flux that was generated from magnetic materials. In our experiment, it became obvious that the magnetotactic bacteria distributed on the sample surface could be used to distinguish the magnetic south or north pole on the sample. We visualized the bacteria trajectory in order to obtain a two-dimensional image of the magnetic field strayed from magnetic materials.
Probing micron-scale distributed contortions via a twisted multicore optical fiber (2019)

Continuous measurement of small length scale contortions along an arbitrary path is a highly relevant goal within many branches of engineering and technology. An optical fiber—where the probing light propagates within a confined and shielded region—presents an ideal platform for developing the distributed contortion-sensors. In the past, significant progress has been made in developing optical fiber sensors, but a robust and high-resolution distributed contortion-sensor has not been reported in detail. Here, we report the first distributed measurements of fiber contortions with an ultrahigh sensitivity—≤0.3 μm in the transverse plane, 40 μm longitudinal spatial step size, and ≤8 μm resolution for periodic contortions in the longitudinal plane—via a Bragg-grating-inscribed twisted multicore optical fiber. The results are in excellent agreement with the predictions from the Euler-Bernoulli beam-bending model that relates the applied force with the fiber microcontortions. Our distributed-sensor holds promise for a widespread application within a diverse range of fields including biotechnology, robotics, transportation, geology, and security.
Clinical Utility of Molecular Surveillance for Cytomegalovirus After Antiviral Prophylaxis in High-Risk Solid Organ Transplant Recipients (2011)

Background. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease after discontinuation of prophylaxis is a significant problem for CMV-seronegative recipients of CMV-seropositive organs (donor seropositive and recipient seronegative [D+/R−]). Virologic monitoring after prophylaxis has been proposed as a way to prevent late-onset disease. Methods. We reviewed the efficacy of this strategy. CMV D+/R− organ transplant recipients received 3 to 6 months of antiviral prophylaxis, and then viral loads were performed weekly for 8 weeks. Preemptive antiviral therapy was initiated at a predefined threshold. Results. Seventy-one CMV D+/R− patients were assessed. Symptomatic CMV disease occurred in 29 of 71 (40.8%) patients during the first-year posttransplant. A significant portion of disease occurred only after the 8-week surveillance period (n=16). Viremia occurred in 19 of 71 (26.8%) patients during the 8-week surveillance. Preemptive therapy was successfully used in only 3 of 19 (15.8%) viremic patients with no further disease development. The remaining patients cleared low-level viremia spontaneously (n=3) or had CMV disease (n=13) either at the first detection of viremia or before preemptive therapy initiation because of rapid viral load doubling (median doubling time 1.1 days). Conclusion. CMV D+/R− patients had significant incidence of late-onset disease after prophylaxis. However, the use of a preemptive after prophylaxis strategy was of limited benefit in this group because of rapid viral doubling times and disease occurring after the surveillance period.