gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Squalene epoxidase drives NAFLD-induced hepatocellular carcinoma and is a pharmaceutical target (2018)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an emerging malignancy in the developed world; however, mechanisms that contribute to its formation are largely unknown, and targeted therapy is currently not available. Our RNA sequencing analysis of NAFLD-HCC samples revealed squalene epoxidase (<i>SQLE</i>) as the top outlier metabolic gene overexpressed in NAFLD-HCC patients. Hepatocyte-specific <i>Sqle</i> transgenic expression in mice accelerated the development of high-fat, high-cholesterol diet-induced HCC. <i>SQLE</i> exerts its oncogenic effect via its metabolites, cholesteryl ester and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP<sup>+</sup>). Increased <i>SQLE</i> expression promotes the biosynthesis of cholesteryl ester, which induces NAFLD-HCC cell growth. <i>SQLE</i> increased the NADP<sup>+</sup>/NADPH (reduced form of NADP<sup>+</sup>) ratio, which triggered a cascade of events involving oxidative stress-induced DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) expression, DNMT3A-mediated epigenetic silencing of PTEN, and activation of AKT-mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). In human NAFLD-HCC and HCC, <i>SQLE</i> is overexpressed and its expression is associated with poor patient outcomes. Terbinafine, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved antifungal drug targeting <i>SQLE</i>, markedly inhibited <i>SQLE</i>-induced NAFLD-HCC cell growth in NAFLD-HCC and HCC cells and attenuated tumor development in xenograft models and in <i>Sqle</i> transgenic mice. Suppression of tumor growth by terbinafine is associated with decreased cholesteryl ester concentrations, restoration of PTEN expression, and inhibition of AKT-mTOR, consistent with blockade of SQLE function. Collectively, we established <i>SQLE</i> as an oncogene in NAFLD-HCC and propose that repurposing SQLE inhibitors may be a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD-HCC.
Hitting the Bull’s-Eye: Mesothelin’s Role as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (2021)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. MPM originates from the mesothelial lining of the pleura. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a glycoprotein expressed at low levels in normal tissues and at high levels in MPM. Many other solid cancers overexpress MSLN, and this is associated with worse survival rates. However, this association has not been found in MPM, and the exact biological role of MSLN in MPM requires further exploration. Here, we discuss the current research on the diagnostic and prognostic value of MSLN in MPM patients. Furthermore, MSLN has become an attractive immunotherapy target in MPM, where better treatment strategies are urgently needed. Several MSLN-targeted monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, immunotoxins, cancer vaccines, and cellular therapies have been tested in the clinical setting. The biological rationale underpinning MSLN-targeted immunotherapies and their potential to improve MPM patient outcomes are reviewed.
Kidney Attack (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Signal Transduction Pathways Leading to Insulin-Induced Early Gene Induction (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSignal Transduction Pathways Leading to Insulin-Induced Early Gene InductionByung H. Jhun, Tetsuro Haruta, Judy L. Meinkoth, J. Wayne Leitner, Boris Draznin, Alan R. Saltiel, Long Pang, Toshiyasu Sasaoka, and Jerrold M. OlefskyCite this: Biochemistry 1995, 34, 25, 7996–8004Publication Date (Print):January 27, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00025a005https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00025a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of BOLD hemodynamic response function in subcortical and cortical regions of human brain at 3T and 9.4T (2019)

Measurement of blood oxygen level dependent hemodynamic response function (BOLD HRF) can be used to evaluate neurovascular coupling and understand underlying physiology (e.g. oxygen uptake and blood flow). However, there is dearth of understanding subcortical neurovascular coupling, which is critical for brain health. Here, we characterize human subcortical HRFs at both 3T and 9.4T and compare them with HRFs in visual cortex.
Itanium 2 processor 6M: higher frequency and larger L3 cache (2004)

The third-generation Itanium processor targets the high-performance server and workstation market. To do so, the design team sought to provide higher performance through increased frequency and a larger L3 cache. At the same time, we had to limit the power dissipation to fit into the existing platform envelope. These considerations led to what we now call the Itanium 2 processor 6M: the latest generation of Itanium 2, which features a 6-Mbyte, 24-way set-associative on-die L3 cache. The design implements a 2-bundle 64-bit explicitly parallel instruction computing (EPIC) architecture and is fully compatible with previous implementations. Although this processors frequency is 50 percent higher than that of the previous generation, the maximum power dissipation holds flat at 130 W to ensure the platform's backward compatibility.
Finite Difference Simulation of Ultrasonic NDE Methods for the Detection and Sizing of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) (2006)

Although solutions for detection and sizing of longitudinal and circumferential cracks in pipeline walls exist, reliable detection and sizing of SCC in pipelines has been a challenge for Non Destructive Evaluation (NDE) for many years. Detection and sizing are impeded by the fact that SCC can have very irregular morphology and can occur in random orientations. NDE as an industry on the other hand has suffered from the emerging of many new UT techniques and a difficult jargon, making easy understanding of the actual problems and solutions impossible for an outsider (i.e. the pipeline operator). This paper presents a novel approach to provide insight into the capabilities of common NDE methods using finite difference simulation software developed by RTD. Simulations are performed on the most common morphologies of SCC using the most commonly used in‐the‐ditch NDE methods. Using the parameters of the actual inspection procedure a picture is painted of what works and doesn’t work about the most common ways of accessing SCC.
Case suitability for definitive through knee amputation following lower extremity blast trauma: analysis of 146 combat casualties, 2008–2010 (2013)

Traumatic TKAs following explosive blast are more common than previously reported. The majority of lower limb TAs are skeletally amenable to a definitive TKA. Maximising residual stump length carries the risks of definitive level amputation within the original ZOI but this study demonstrates that the proximal extent of the soft tissue injury may frequently make this unavoidable. Further work is required to determine the relative merits of definitive below, through and above knee amputations in the short, medium and long term to ensure survivors are subject to minimal complications while maintaining capacity to achieve optimal functional outcomes.
Data from Array-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis Identified Cyclin D1 as a Target Oncogene at 11q13.3 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is highly prevalent in Southern China and Southeast Asia. To unveil the molecular basis of this endemic disease, high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization arrays were used for systematic investigation of genomic abnormalities in 26 nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples. A comprehensive picture of genetic lesions associated with tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was generated. Consistent chromosomal gains were frequently found on 1q, 3q, 8q, 11q, 12p, and 12q. High incidences of nonrandom losses were identified on chromosomes 3p, 9p, 11q, 14q, and 16q. In addition to previously characterized regions, we have identified several novel minimal regions of gains, including 3q27.3-28, 8q21-24, 11q13.1-13.3, and 12q13, which may harbor candidate nasopharyngeal carcinoma–associated oncogenes. In this study, gain of 11q13.1-13.3 was the most frequently detected chromosomal aberration and a 5.3-Mb amplicon was delineated at this region. Within this 11q13 amplicon, concordant amplification and overexpression of &lt;i&gt;cyclin D1&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;CCND1&lt;/i&gt;) oncogene was found in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines, xenografts, and primary tumors. Knockdown of cyclin D1 by small interfering RNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines led to significant decrease of cell proliferation. The findings suggest that &lt;i&gt;cyclin D1&lt;/i&gt; is a target oncogene at 11q13 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its activation plays a significant role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumorigenesis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Mathematical determination of the tibial insertion of the patellar tendon using computed tomography images (1995)

Misalignment of the extensor apparatus is an essential factor in impairment of the patellar-femoral joint. This may be partly or entirely responsible for patellar dislocation or lateral patellar-femoral arthrosis. One surgical method to correct the pathology is medial transposition of the patellar ligament on the tibial tuberosity (anteriorly or posteriorly, distally or ventrally). These interventions correct misalignment of the extensor apparatus relative to statistical norms. We propose a mathematical method based on the use of computed tomography (CT) images to determine the ideal tibial insertion for the patellar tendon. This method is based on biomechanical modeling and the use of equipressure criteria. It is the first step in allowing the use of mathematics to model correctly tibial insertion of the patellar ligament, an entirely new development. This is important because it will allow surgeons greater accuracy in distal correction of extensor apparatus misalignments.
BARC surface property matching for negative-tone development of a conventional positive-tone photoresist (2011)

The main properties controlling a successful negative-tone development (NTD) process include surface energy of the BARC or silicon hardmask, reflectivity control, and type of spin-on carbon (SOC) layer utilized. In this paper, we studied the BARC and silicon-containing hardmask properties needed to achieve successful NTD of a conventional positive-tone photoresist. The surface energy mismatch between BARC and silicon-containing hardmask poses challenges for patterning dense structures. Interaction of the SOC layer and the photoresist was observed, even with the silicon hardmask film present in between these two layers. Strict reflectivity elimination does not guarantee a successful outcome, rather precise control of reflectivity is required to enhance the overall lithographic process.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Hydrosilation Catalyzed by Zirconocene Complexes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reduced hole injection barrier for achieving ultralow voltage polymer space-charge-limited transistor with a high on/off current ratio (2009)

Vertical polymer space-charge limited transistor (SCLT) operated with an ultralow voltage is demonstrated. The influence of aging effect of the oxygen plasma treated indium tin oxide electrode on the hole injection barrier and on the transistor characteristics is investigated. By reducing the hole injection barrier, the on/off ratio as high as 104 is obtained at a collector to emitter voltage as low as −0.84 V. The low operation voltage is crucial to the development of low-power large-area polymer transistor array. Inverter characteristics are also demonstrated by connecting a SCLT with a load resistor.
An experimental investigation of the influence of the surface grain size of the metal on the value of C(sf) in the Rohsenow equation for boiling heat transfer. (1968)

An experimental study was undertaken to in v estig a te the influence o f the surface grain size o f the metal on the value o f the c o e ffic ie n t C r in the Rohsenow Equation fo r b o ilin g heat tra n sfer, sr The apparatus co n sisted o f a copper heat tran sfer surface 6 inches in diameter from which heat was transferred to a pool o f b o il ing water contained in sid e a g la s s b o ile r .Heat was supplied to the surface through a copper block 9 inches in diameter and 10 inches long.Heat flu x was computed from accurate measurements o f e le c t r ic power supplied and the heat lo s s e s .Thermocouples located at p r e c ise ly known points on the geometric axis o f the heat tran sfer p la te were used to measure the surface temperatures.The technique o f varying the grain s iz e of the te s t surface con sisted o f e le c tr o p la tin g a layer o f a metal onto the o rig in a l sur face at d iffe r e n t current d e n s itie s .Grain size was determined accord ing to standard metallographic.methods.Surface roughness was maintained between 2 to 3 micro inches rms as measured by a profilom eter.Four d i f ferent m eta llic d ep osits namely copper, n ic k e l, chromium and brass were studied but only the copper plated surfaces were ex ten siv ely in v e stig a te d .B oilin g data obtained at atmospheric pressure on surfaces with various grain s iz e s were p lo tted on lo g -lo g sca les as heat flu x Q/A v s AT^, the d ifferen ce between the mean surface temperature and the i i saturation temperature of the liq u id .These p lo ts showed a d e fin ite e f f e c t o f the grain s iz e on b o ilin g heat tra n sfer.Application of the Rohsenow C orrelation to the b o ilin g data showed that the c o e f f ic ie n t and the exponent r o f the equation did not remain constant fo r a p a r tic u lar m eta l-flu id combination but were influenced by the grain size o f the heat tran sfer su rface.and r decreased as the grain siz e o f the surface increased.A s lig h t ly m odified form o f the Rohsenow equation as given below i s proposed, which takes into account the in fluence o f grain s iz e o f the surface for p red ictin g b o ilin g heat tra n sfer: (0.044G + 0.228) Co AT .-x =(0.0018G + 0.0125) fg Pr \ T 'fg / _S/A_ l goq \ where G i s defined as grains per lin e a r inch o f a surface divided by a constant which for copper was chosen as 600..
High Sensitivity Local Evanescent Array Coupled Biosensors with Nanometer BSA Film (2009)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. Yan, S. P. Mestas, G. Yuan, and K. L. Lear, "High Sensitivity Local Evanescent Array Coupled Biosensors with Nanometer BSA Film," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/International Quantum Electronics Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2009), paper CTuCC5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Carbon-sandwiched perovskite solar cell (2017)

Carbon-sandwiched perovskite solar cells have long-term stability and are low cost.
Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species, Glutathione Metabolism, and Lipid Peroxidation in the Cf-Gene-Dependent Defense Response of Tomato Cotyledons Induced by Race-Specific Elicitors of Cladosporium fulvum (1996)

The chronological order of responses to Cladosporium fulvum (Cooke) (Cf) race-specific elicitors was assessed in cotyledons of three near-isogenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) lines carrying either Cf-9 or Cf-2 or no Cf gene. The responses observed were dependent on the presence of a Cf gene, Avr-gene product dose injected, and the relative humidity (RH) of the growth chamber. At ambient RH, superoxide formation and lipid peroxidation occurred after 2 h (Cf9) and 4 h (Cf2). At elevated RH (98%) and at lower avirulence elicitor dose, Cf-Avr-dependent lipid peroxidation was considerably attenuated. Significant electrolyte leakage occurred by 18 h but only at the lower RH. Total glutathione levels began to increase 2 to 4 h and 4 to 8 h after challenge of Cf9 and Cf2 cells, respectively, and by 48 h reached 665 and 570% of initial levels. A large proportion of this accumulation (87%) was as oxidized glutathione. When the RH was increased to 98%, increases in glutathione levels were strongly attenuated. Increased lipoxygenase enzyme activity was detected 8 h postchallenge in either incompatible interaction. These results indicate that the activation of the Cf-Avr-mediated defense response results in severe oxidative stress.
Diiodomethane (2009)

[75-11-6] CH2I2 (MW 267.84) InChI = 1S/CH2I2/c2-1-3/h1H2 InChIKey = NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (precursor to methylene transfer reagents: in combination with various metals or alkyl metals, generates carbenoids which cyclopropanate alkenes1 or methylenate carbonyls;2 precursor to ICH2Met and I2CHMet nucleophiles;3 participates in radical-mediated couplings4) Alternate Name: methylene iodide. Physical Data: mp 6 °C; bp 181 °C; d 3.325 g cm−3. Solubility: slightly sol H2O; sol Et2O, CHCl3, EtOH, hexane, etc. Form Supplied in: pale yellow liquid; crystallizes as pale yellow needles or plates; typically stabilized with copper powder. Purification: fractional distillation from CaH2 generally provides reagent of sufficient purity for typical uses. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: store over copper powder to inhibit radical-induced decomposition; protect from light; incompatible with many metals (Al, Mg, Na, etc.) and strong bases; mildly corrosive; toxicity presumed to be on par with CH2Cl2, i.e. moderately toxic, mutagenic; use in a fume hood.
Structure and Valency of a Cobalt−Phosphate Water Oxidation Catalyst Determined by in Situ X-ray Spectroscopy (2010)

A water oxidation catalyst generated via electrodeposition from aqueous solutions containing phosphate and Co(2+) (Co-Pi) has been studied by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Spectra were obtained for Co-Pi films of two different thicknesses at an applied potential supporting water oxidation catalysis and at open circuit. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra indicate the presence of bis-oxo/hydroxo-bridged Co subunits incorporated into higher nuclearity clusters in Co-Pi. The average cluster nuclearity is greater in a relatively thick film (∼40-50 nmol Co ions/cm(2)) deposited at 1.25 V vs NHE than in an extremely thin film (∼3 nmol Co ions/cm(2)) deposited at 1.1 V. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra and electrochemical data support a Co valency greater than 3 for both Co-Pi samples when catalyzing water oxidation at 1.25 V. Upon switching to open circuit, Co-Pi undergoes a continuous reduction due to residual water oxidation catalysis, as indicated by the negative shift of the edge energy. The rate of reduction depends on the average cluster size. On the basis of structural parameters extracted from fits to the EXAFS data of Co-Pi with two different thicknesses and comparisons with EXAFS spectra of Co oxide compounds, a model is proposed wherein the Co oxo/hydroxo clusters of Co-Pi are composed of edge-sharing CoO(6) octahedra, the structural motif found in cobaltates. Whereas cobaltates contain extended planes of CoO(6) octahedra, the Co-Pi clusters are of molecular dimensions.
Blood-Brain Barrier Deterioration and Hippocampal Gene Expression in Polymicrobial Sepsis: An Evaluation of Endothelial MyD88 and the Vagus Nerve (2016)

Systemic infection can initiate or exacerbate central nervous system (CNS) pathology, even in the absence of overt invasion of bacteria into the CNS. Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated that human survivors of sepsis have an increased risk of long-term neurocognitive decline. There is thus a need for improved understanding of the physiological mechanisms whereby acute sepsis affects the CNS. In particular, MyD88-dependent activation of brain microvascular endothelial cells and a resulting loss of blood-brain barrier integrity have been proposed to play an important role in the effects of systemic inflammation on the CNS. Signaling through the vagus nerve has also been considered to be an important component of CNS responses to systemic infection. Here, we demonstrate that blood-brain barrier permeabilization and hippocampal transcriptional responses during polymicrobial sepsis occur even in the absence of MyD88-dependent signaling in cerebrovascular endothelial cells. We further demonstrate that these transcriptional responses can occur without vagus nerve input. These results suggest that redundant signals mediate CNS responses in sepsis. Either endothelial or vagus nerve activation may be individually sufficient to transmit systemic inflammation to the central nervous system. Transcriptional activation in the forebrain in sepsis may be mediated by MyD88-independent endothelial mechanisms or by non-vagal neuronal pathways.