gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Advanced Transistors for High Frequency Applications (2020)

The growing interest for 5G radios pushes technology development towards low-cost and high-performance solutions for operating at microwave and mm-wave. Downscaling CMOS technology has allowed the integration of high-speed transceivers on silicon chips, but high-power amplifiers rely on III-V technologies to deliver the power and efficiency levels required by modern radios. In this work, we motivate the interest of non-Si technologies to meet 5G requirements, and we explore two routes to enable the fabrication of compound semiconductor devices on a large-scale manufacturable Si platform [1,2]. We provide insight on the potential of these new technologies for the design of advanced front-end modules, including modelling and reliability challenges. In the first route (Figure 1(a)), we report on Al(Ga,In)N HEMTs, MISHEMTs and MOSFETs integrated on 200 mm Si wafers using Au-free processing in standard Si CMOS tools, and discuss the performance trade-offs, limitations and solutions. State-of-the-art contact resistance of 0.14 Ω.mm is demonstrated for a non-Au, low thermal budget (&lt;600 o C) contact scheme, as well as a high vertical breakdown voltage (VBD) of &gt;300 V. We show that MISHEMTs, which feature the highest field effect mobility (μFE), &gt;2000 cm 2 /V.s, and the best 1/ f noise performance, have the potential to outperform the other device types in terms of device scalability for high frequency operation. The GaN-on-Si substrate optimization for low RF losses and nonlinear distortion is further discussed. The second route (Figure 1(b)) includes the formation of HBT on Si wafer by selective epitaxy. We demonstrate GaAs/InGaP HBTs grown on a 300 mm Si substrate. A DC current gain of ~112 and breakdown voltage, BVCBO, of 10 V is achieved. The emitter-base and base-collector diodes show an ideality factor of ~1.2 and ~1.4, respectively. This demonstration shows the potential for enabling a hybrid III-V CMOS/ technology for 5G and mm-wave applications, not limited to GaAs but which can also be extended to InGaAs on a 300 mm Si substrate. Figure 1
Pyrolytic Decomposition of Ammonia Borane to Boron Nitride (2010)

The thermal decomposition of ammonia borane was studied using a variety of methods to qualitatively identify gas and remnant solid phase species after thermal treatments up to 1500 °C. At about 110 °C, ammonia borane begins to decompose yielding H(2) as the major gas phase product. A two step decomposition process leading to a polymeric -[NH═BH](n)- species above 130 °C is generally accepted. In this comprehensive study of decomposition pathways, we confirm the first two decomposition steps and identify a third process initiating at 1170 °C which leads to a semicrystalline hexagonal phase boron nitride. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to identify the onset of the third step. Temperature programmed desorption-mass spectroscopy (TPD-MS) and vacuum line methods identify molecular aminoborane (H(2)N═BH(2)) as a species that can be released in appreciable quantities with the other major impurity, borazine. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to identify the chemical states present in the solid phase material after each stage of decomposition. The boron nitride product was examined for composition, structure, and morphology using scanning Auger microscopy (SAM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Thermogravimetric Analysis-Mass Spectroscopy (TGA-MS) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to identify the onset temperature of the first two mass loss events.
Covariate adjustment in randomized trials with binary outcomes: Targeted maximum likelihood estimation (2008)

Covariate adjustment using linear models for continuous outcomes in randomized trials has been shown to increase efficiency and power over the unadjusted method in estimating the marginal effect of treatment. However, for binary outcomes, investigators generally rely on the unadjusted estimate as the literature indicates that covariate-adjusted estimates based on the logistic regression models are less efficient. The crucial step that has been missing when adjusting for covariates is that one must integrate/average the adjusted estimate over those covariates in order to obtain the marginal effect. We apply the method of targeted maximum likelihood estimation (tMLE) to obtain estimators for the marginal effect using covariate adjustment for binary outcomes. We show that the covariate adjustment in randomized trials using the logistic regression models can be mapped, by averaging over the covariate(s), to obtain a fully robust and efficient estimator of the marginal effect, which equals a targeted maximum likelihood estimator. This tMLE is obtained by simply adding a clever covariate to a fixed initial regression. We present simulation studies that demonstrate that this tMLE increases efficiency and power over the unadjusted method, particularly for smaller sample sizes, even when the regression model is mis-specified.
Wireless Power Transfer Based on 3-Coil Magnetic Resonance Coupling for Biomedical Implants (2021)

Electronic biomedical implants rely on wireless power transfer (WPT) systems to remove their dependency on chemical batteries to avoid potential safety issues. As traditional systems based on the inductive link are limited by their transmission distance, the magnetic resonance coupling (MRC) method for WPT has been proposed to increase the delivered power for mid-range applications. In this paper, we design a 3-coil magnetic resonant WPT system with a small power receiver for micro biomedical implants and evaluate its power transfer capability with a pork steak to mimic the attenuation caused by biological tissues. Operating at 180 kHz, the output of the proposed system can supply 56 mW at 3.3 V for an implanted receiver at a distance of 80 mm, which is 1.5 times more efficient than the traditional 2-coil system under the same conditions. Such a result demonstrates the applicability and improvement of the MRC-WPT system for powering up in-body biomedical devices.
High Dimensional Unitary Transformations and Boson Sampling on Temporal Modes using Dispersive Optics (2015)

We present methods which allow orders of magnitude increase in the number of modes in linear optics experiments by moving from spatial encoding to temporal encoding and using dispersion. This enables significant practical advantages for linear quantum optics and Boson Sampling experiments. Passing consecutively heralded photons through time-independent dispersion and measuring the output time of the photons is equivalent to a Boson Sampling experiment for which no efficient classical algorithm is reported, to our knowledge. With time-dependent dispersion, it is possible to implement arbitrary single-particle unitaries. Given the relatively simple requirements of these schemes, they provide a path to realizing much larger linear quantum optics experiments including post-classical Boson Sampling machines.
Toward domain-independent navigation: dynamic vision and control (2002)

Outlines a set of problems associated with constructing a robust, domain-independent vision-based navigation system suitable for both structured and unstructured environments. The system utilizes visual tracking to monitor a set of automatically selected image features (markers), and employs vision-based control to guide the motion of the robot from the image trajectory of a set of markers. An environment is represented as a graph which may be constructed either under human control (e.g. by giving the system a tour) or autonomously as the system explores. In the paper, we review the system architecture and present two image-based mobile robot controllers for following visually-defined trajectories.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of L‐Threonine. (1987)

Abstract The racemic amido butyrate (Ic) prepared from the oxoester (Ia) via the oxime (Ib) is transformed to the enantiomeric optically active alcohols (IIa)/(IIb) by microbiological reduction.
ChemInform Abstract: Diisopropyl Tartrate Modified (E)‐γ‐((Cyclohexyloxy) dimethylsilyl)‐ and (E)‐γ‐(Dimethylphenylsilyl)allylboronates. Chiral Reagents for the Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of anti 1,2‐Diols and 2‐Butene‐1,4‐diols via the Formal α‐ and . gamma.‐Hydroxyallylation of Aldehydes. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Editorial: Intelligent Signal Analysis for Contagious Virus Diseases (2022)

COVID-19 infection’s recent outbreak triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 Corona virus had already led to more than two million reported infected individuals when we first addressed the community by our call – by now, the number sadly rose to roughly half a billion cases worldwide. The outbreak of COIVD-19 has also re-shaped and accelerated the scientific publication landscape in no time. One can observe a massive uprise in interest in work related to the topic of highly contagious virus diseases and potential contributions of digital health including intelligent signal processing. In addition, most publishers have reacted in one or the other way to the crises such as by opening up to pre-prints, waiving publication fees for COVID-19-related research, providing search functions and tools for COVID-19 research, and many more. Here, we gathered 13 carefully selected novel contributions across signal types such as audio, speech, image, video, or symbolic information, as well as their multimodal combination for application in the risk assessment, diagnosis, and monitoring of contagious virus diseases.
Threshold features of a Brillouin Stokes comb generated in a distributed fiber Raman amplifier (2003)

We study threshold features of a Brillouin-shifted Stokes comb generated in a distributed fiber Raman amplifier. When the input power of Brillouin pump is linearly increased in high Raman gain, the first Stokes wave grows exponentially at much lower threshold power and then experiences an appreciable power decrease in the vicinity of the Brillouin comb's threshold. This power reduction of the first Brillouin Stokes, which we did not see mentioned in previous reports, was caused by a power transfer to higher-order lines and initiated Brillouin comb generation. Moreover, the effects of Raman pump power and pumping direction on the threshold of a Brillouin comb are investigated.
Optimization of Data Center Room Layout to Minimize Rack Inlet Air Temperature (2005)

In a typical raised floor data center with alternating hot and cold aisles, air enters the front of each rack over the entire height of the rack. Since the heat loads of data processing equipment continues to increase at a rapid rate, it is a challenge to maintain the temperature within the requirements as stated for all the racks within the data center. A facility manager has discretion in deciding the data center room layout, but a wrong decision will eventually lead to equipment failure. There are many complex decisions to be made early in the design as the data center evolves. Challenges occur such as optimizing the raised floor plenum, floor tile placement, minimizing the data center local hot spots etc. These adjustments in configuration affects rack inlet air temperatures which is one of the important key to effective thermal management. In this paper, a raised floor data center with 4.5 kW racks is considered. There are four rows of racks with alternating hot and cold aisle arrangement. Each row has six racks installed. Two CRAC units supply chilled air to the data center through the pressurized plenum. Effect of plenum depth, floor tile placement and ceiling height on the rack inlet air temperature is discussed. Plots will be presented over the defined range. Now a multi-variable approach to optimize data center room layout to minimize the rack inlet air temperature is proposed. Significant improvement over the initial model is shown by using multi-variable design optimization approach. The results of multi-variable design optimization are used to present guidelines for optimal data center performance.
The Nrd1-like protein Seb1 coordinates cotranscriptional 3′ end processing and polyadenylation site selection (2016)

Termination of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription is associated with RNA 3' end formation. For coding genes, termination is initiated by the cleavage/polyadenylation machinery. In contrast, a majority of noncoding transcription events in Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not rely on RNA cleavage for termination but instead terminates via a pathway that requires the Nrd1-Nab3-Sen1 (NNS) complex. Here we show that the Schizosaccharomyces pombe ortholog of Nrd1, Seb1, does not function in NNS-like termination but promotes polyadenylation site selection of coding and noncoding genes. We found that Seb1 associates with 3' end processing factors, is enriched at the 3' end of genes, and binds RNA motifs downstream from cleavage sites. Importantly, a deficiency in Seb1 resulted in widespread changes in 3' untranslated region (UTR) length as a consequence of increased alternative polyadenylation. Given that Seb1 levels affected the recruitment of conserved 3' end processing factors, our findings indicate that the conserved RNA-binding protein Seb1 cotranscriptionally controls alternative polyadenylation.
Effect of General Anesthesia on Preoperative Hip Range of Motion in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy (2016)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of general anesthesia on preoperative passive hip range of motion (ROM) in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for various indications. A total of 260 consecutive patients undergoing hip arthroscopy were included in this study. Passive hip ROM was evaluated bilaterally in the clinic and subsequently under general anesthesia immediately preoperatively. Demographic variables, including age, height, weight, and clinical diagnosis, were recorded for all patients. Hips with pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and hips with acetabular dysplasia showed a mean increase of 4° and 6°, respectively, in hip external rotation at 90° of hip flexion (ER-90) with induction of anesthesia (P=.018 and P=.021, respectively). In contrast, a statistically significant reduction in hip abduction (2°) and hip flexion (4°) was observed following induction of anesthesia in healthy contralateral hips of patients presenting with unilateral hip pathology (P=.01 and P<.001, respectively). Hip ROM does not change to a clinically significant extent with induction of general anesthesia. Small increases in external rotation in patients with FAI or acetabular dysplasia are within the standard error for ROM measurements. [Orthopedics. 2016; 39(6):e1165-e1169.].
Tissue photosensitizer dosimetry using spectrally-resolved fluorescence for pre-clinical and clinical verteporfin-PDT of pancreatic cancer (2012)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated with verteporfin is currently being investigated to treat pancreatic cancer in patients who are not surgical candidates. Clinically, interstitial light delivery is administered through a fiber, via percutaneous needle implantation guided by ultrasound and/or verified by CT. Tumor response to PDT is based on photosensitizer (PS) dose, light dose, light dose rate and the timing of light application following PS injection. However, studies have shown that even when matching administered PDT treatment parameters such as drug dose and light level, there can be significant inter-patient variation in tissue damage post-PDT, and this has been primarily attributed to imprecise PS concentration at the target tissue site. In order to achieve optimal tumor response from PDT without causing major damage to surrounding tissue, it would be advantageous to measure the PS concentration in the target tissue just prior to light application. From these measurements, the clinician can adapt the light application dose to the measured target tissue PS concentration (i.e. insufficient target tissue PS concentrations compensated by higher light doses and vice versa.) in order to provide an optimal light dose for each patient. In animal studies, a spectrometer-based in-vivo fluorescence dosimetry system has been used to assess accumulated PS levels (verteporfin) in situ. Measurements are taken from skin, leg muscle, buccal mucosa and tumor tissue locations one hour after injection of the photosensitizer. Real-time spectral fitting, subtraction of background autofluorescence and ratiometric analysis is performed on the raw data to extract out only the photosensitizer fluorescence and therefore concentration. Using a pre-measured calibration data set of varying concentrations for verteporfin in tissue phantoms composed of intralipid and whole blood, it was possible detect concentrations of the photosensitizer below 0.5nM. In the clinical studies being performed at UCL Hospital in which verteporfin-PDT treatment is being given to patients with pancreatic cancer, the dosimetry system is being used to assess PS concentration the pancreatic tumor tissue prior to interstitial light dose treatment. The goal of the work here is to determine whether the dosimetry system can accurately and efficiently be used clinically by evaluating the measured local tissue PS concentration to treatment outcome (area of necrosis established). The results of this study will partially determine the need for fluorescence dosimetry to individualize PDT treatment for patients based on local tissue PS concentration.
CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein δ Up-regulates Aromatase Promoters I.3/II in Breast Cancer Epithelial Cells (2008)

Aromatase is the enzyme responsible for the last step of estrogen synthesis. The female hormone, estrogen, is known to stimulate breast cancer cell growth. Because the expression of aromatase in breast cancer tissues is driven by unique promoters I.3 and II, a more complete understanding of the regulatory mechanism of aromatase expression through promoters I.3/II in breast tumors should be valuable in developing targeted therapies, which selectively suppress estrogen production in breast tumor tissue. Results from in vivo footprinting analyses revealed several protein binding sites, numbered 1 to 5. When site 2 (-124/-112 bp, exon I.3 start site as +1) was mutated, promoters I.3/II activity was dramatically reduced, suggesting that site 2 is a positive regulatory element. Yeast one-hybrid screening revealed that a potential protein binding to site 2 was CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (C/EBP delta). C/EBP delta was shown to bind to site 2 of aromatase promoters I.3/II in vitro and in vivo. C/EBP delta up-regulated promoters I.3/II activity through this site and, as a result, it also up-regulated aromatase transcription and enzymatic activity. p65, a subunit of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factor, inhibited C/EBP delta-up-regulated aromatase promoters I.3/II and enzymatic activity. This inhibitory effect of p65 was mediated, in part, through prevention of the C/EBP delta binding to site 2. This C/EBP delta binding site in aromatase promoters I.3/II seems to act as a positive regulatory element in non-p65-overexpressing breast cancer epithelial cells, whereas it is possibly inactive in p65 overexpressing cancer epithelial cells, such as estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells.
Wikyungtang inhibits proliferation of A549 human lung cancer cells via inducing apoptosis and suppressing cyclooxygenase-2 activity (2004)

Wikyungtang, an oriental herbal formulation, has been known to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-tumoral activity. However, its molecular mechanism of action is not understood. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of the water extract of Wikyungtang (WKT) on the growth of A549 human lung cancer cells. Treatment with WKT resulted in a dose-dependent growth inhibition coupled with the characteristic morphological features of apoptosis. Apoptosis-inducing concentrations of WKT induced caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation accompanied by proteolytic degradation of poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase and phospholipase C-gamma1. In addition, WKT-induced apoptosis in A549 cells was associated with a decreased expression of the anti-apototic Bcl-XL expression. WKT treatment also inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the accumulation of prostaglandin E2 without significant changes in the levels of COX-1. Taken together, these findings provide important new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of WKT.
Applications of Sparse Representation and Compressive Sensing [Scanning the Issue] (2010)

Sparse representation and compressive sensing establishes a more rigorous mathematical framework for studying high-dimensional data and ways to uncover the structures of the data, giving rise to a large repertoire of efficient algorithms. A sparse signal is a signal that can be represented as a linear combination of relatively few base elements in a basis or an overcomplete dictionary. A sufficiently sparse linear representation can be correctly and efficiently computed by greedy methods and convex optimization (i.e., the l <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> -l <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> equivalence), even though this problem is extremely difficult-NP-hard in the general case.
Electronic enhancement of tear secretion (2015)

Electrical stimulation of the lacrimal gland or afferent nerves may be used as a treatment for dry eye disease. Clinical trials should validate this approach in patients with aqueous tear deficiency, and further optimize electrical parameters for maximum clinical efficacy.
Dealing with System Monocultures (2004)

Software systems often share common vulnerabilities that allow a single attack to compromise large numbers of machines (write once, exploit everywhere). Borrowing from biology, several researchers have proposed the introduction of artificial diversity in systems as a means for countering this phenomenon. The introduced differences affect the way code is constructed or executed, but retain the functionality of the original system. In this way, systems that exhibit the same functionality have unique characteristics that protect them from common mode attacks. Over the years, several such have been proposed. We examine some of the most significant techniques and draw conclusions on how they can be used to harden systems against attacks.
Towards model-predictive control for aerial pick-and-place (2015)

This paper considers pick-and-place tasks using aerial vehicles equipped with manipulators. The main focus is on the development and experimental validation of a nonlinear model-predictive control methodology to exploit the multi-body system dynamics and achieve optimized performance. At the core of the approach lies a sequential Newton method for unconstrained optimal control and a high-frequency low-level controller tracking the generated optimal reference trajectories. A low cost quadrotor prototype with a simple manipulator extending more than twice the radius of the vehicle is designed and integrated with an on-board vision system for object tracking. Experimental results show the effectiveness of model-predictive control to motivate the future use of real-time optimal control in place of standard ad-hoc gain scheduling techniques.