gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enumeration of sandy sediment bacteria: search for optimal protocol (1995)

We examined and compared a variety of existing protocols for enumeration of bacteria from marine sandy sediments. The focus was on how to dislodge bacteria from sediment particles; a commercial blender, an ultrasonic cleaner, and an ultrasonic cell disrupter were tested. The ultrasonic cell disrupter was found to be the most efficient device for bacterial dislodgment. With a 5 mm microtip vibrating at 109 amplitude and 20 kHz, the optimal sonication time of small (<0 5 cm3) samples was 180 s. Having identified the optimal dislodgment treatment, we went through other steps of sediment bacteria enumeration (use of surfactants, thoroughness of sample washing, bacterial staining and counterstaining, etc.), striving for additional ways of improvement. The result was a protocol that, in our study, gave bacterial counts superior to those obtained by any other protocol currently in use
Slow intermixing of cells during Xenopus embryogenesis contributes to the consistency of the blastomere fate map (1989)

The relatively consistent fates of the blastomeres of the frog embryo could result from (i) predetermination of the blastomeres or (ii) reproducible morphogenetic cell movements. In some species, the mixing of the cells during development provides a test between these alternative hypotheses. If blastomeres are predetermined, then random intermixing of the descendants with neighboring cells could not alter their fate. To follow cell mixing during Xenopus development, fluorescent dextran lineage tracers were microinjected into identified blastomeres at the 16-cell stage. The labelled descendants of the injected blastomeres were followed over several stages of embryogenesis. After gastrulation, the labelled descendants formed relatively coherent groups in characteristic regions of the embryo. By larval stages, most of the labelled descendants were still located in characteristic regions. However, coherence was less pronounced and individual descendants were located in many regions of the embryo. Hence, cell mixing is a slow, but progressive, process throughout Xenopus development. This is in sharp contrast to the extensive mixing that occurs during the early development of other vertebrates, such as zebrafish and mice. The slow cell mixing in Xenopus development suggests a simple mechanism for the consistent fates of cleavage-stage blastomeres. The stereotyped cell movements of embryogenesis redistribute the largely coherent descendants to characteristic locations in the embryo. The small amount of mixing that does occur would result in variable locations of a small proportion of the descendants; this could contribute to the observed variability of the blastomere fate map. Because cell mixing during Xenopus development is insufficient to challenge possible lineage restrictions, additional experiments must be performed to establish when and if lineage restrictions occur.
Catalytic aspect of chemical modifications of polymers by transesterification: NMR study with model compounds (2000)

The catalytic activity of different compounds (dibutyl tin oxide, titanium tetrabutoxide, zirconium tetraethoxide, and para-toluenesulfonic acid) for transesterification reactions between polymers was studied. This study was carried out on three different reactions: between two model compounds (methyl benzoate and octyl acetate), between a polymer and a model compound (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and methyl benzoate), and for crosslinking of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with dimethyl terephthalate. For these three reactions dibutyl tin oxide presented the higher catalytic activity. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1556–1562, 2001
NMR studies of DNA microcapsules prepared using sonochemical methods (2014)

DNA molecules were recently converted using ultrasonic irradiation into microcapsules that can trap hydrophobic molecules in aqueous solution. These DNA microcapsules are capable of penetrating prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, delivering drugs and transferring genetic information e.g. for protein expression into the host cells. DNA molecules of different sizes and structures can be assembled into spherical capsules, but to date, the interactions that hold them together in these large structural constructs are unknown. In the current study, capsules prepared from a 12 base double helix DNA were investigated using NMR spectroscopy. Solution NMR studies of the DNA emulsion reveal DNA molecules with a perturbed structure with a size similar to the precursor DNA based on diffusion NMR measurements. 2D NMR correlation measurements and chemical shift perturbation analysis show partial unzipping of AT base pairs in the centre of the modified duplex, freeing nucleoside bases to interact with other bases on other precursor molecules thereby facilitating aggregation. Slow tumbling of the microspheres renders them invisible in solution NMR spectra; therefore magic angle spinning NMR measurements are performed which provide limited evidence of the DNA in the microcapsule state.
Experimental Two-Phase Flow Analysis Inside a Laboratory Scale Jet-Engine Combustion Chamber Using PIV (2020)

Abstract The characterization of the two-phase kerosene/air flow near the nozzle of an aero engine combustor is important in order to understand the combustion characteristics of the burner. Typically, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) or Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) is used to measure velocities inside aero engine combustors. However, these measurement techniques rely on tracer particles to visualize the flow field and are usually only able to measure the velocity field of one phase at a time. In the case of PIV measurements both the flow tracers and the kerosene droplets scatter the laser light and thus, appear on the PIV recordings. Depending on droplet size and flow velocity, these kerosene droplets do not necessarily follow the airflow leading to errors in the derived velocity field. This work presents a method on how to separate kerosene droplets from flow tracers depending on their optical characteristics in the PIV recording. This phase separation enables the independent measurement of the flow fields of both the gaseous and liquid phase at the same time using a standard PIV setup. The method is demonstrated on a laboratory scale aero engine combustor operated at atmospheric conditions. The test rig features liquid kerosene combustion with realistic inlet temperatures and pressure drop as well as good access for optical measurement techniques. The phases are separated by filtering the images with noise reduction filters for suppressing the signal of the flow tracers, and edge detection filters to detect the kerosene droplets. The detected kerosene droplets are removed from the PIV pictures and the pictures are evaluated using standard PIV cross-correlation. Afterwards the liquid phase images are evaluated using Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV). This phase separation can lead to errors in the derived velocity fields because of incorrect and incomplete particle detection or due to errors in the cross correlation at the edges of detected particles. These errors in the phase separation are quantified by evaluating artificial two-phase flow PIV pictures with similar optical properties to the actual two-phase PIV pictures, and comparing the derived velocity fields to the results calculated using the original, unaltered pictures. The obtained results show, that in the setup under investigation, gaseous and liquid phase can have significantly different flow fields with kerosene droplets moving in the opposite direction of the recirculating airflow. The influence of essential parameters like seeding and spray density are discussed and at positions with a sufficient data rate, the instantaneous slip velocity between droplets and gaseous flow is calculated. Generally, the presented method appears to be suitable for studying combustion with liquid kerosene injection.
Correction of autofluorescence intensity for epithelial scattering by optical coherence tomography: a phantom study (2013)

In this paper, we conduct a phantom study for modeling the autofluorescence (AF) properties of tissue. A combined optical coherence tomography (OCT) and AF imaging system is proposed to measure the strength of the AF signal in terms of the scattering layer thickness and concentration. The combined AF-OCT system is capable of estimating the AF loss due to scattering in the epithelium using the thickness and scattering concentration calculated from the co-registered OCT images. We define a correction factor to account for scattering losses in the epithelium and calculate a scatteringcorrected AF signal. We believe the scattering-corrected AF will reduce the diagnostic false-positives rate in the early detection of airway lesions due to confounding factors such as increased epithelial thickness and inflammations.
KpnIfamily oflonginterspersed repeated DNAsequences in primates: Polymorphism offamily membersandevidence fortranscription (1983)

ABSTRACT An ==2-kilobase-pair-long member (Kpn. I-LS1)of the African green monkey KpnI familyof repeated sequenceshas been cloned, subjected tosequenceanalysis, and compared tootherfamily memberswhichareover6 kilobase pairs (Kpn I-a7) and829basepairs (KpnI-RET)long. BothKpn I-LS1 andKpnI-RETlack sequences foundat the endsof the longerfamilymem-berandtheir structures resemble those of processed genes. Kpn I-LS1 sequences are colinear with part of the long family mem- ber, KpnI-a7. However, althoughall sequences inKpn I-RET are represented in KpnI-LS1, the two are not colinear; KpnI-RETis missing 731 base pairs found in Kpn I-LS1 and one segment flanking the deletion is inverted. Theresults demonstrate thatKpnI family membersare not only of different lengths but mayalsocontain scrambled arrangements of common sequences. Se-quencesinKpnI-LS1 hybridize to RNAfrommonkeyandhuman cells, indicating that somefamily membersare transcribed.Eukaryote genomes typically contain multiple families of re-
Enhanced Ultrasound Visualization of Bracytherapy Seeds by a Novel Magnetically Induced Motion Imaging Method (2008)

Abstract : The authors report on their progress in developing Magnetically Induced Motion Imaging (MIMI) for unambiguous identification and localization of brachytherapy seeds in ultrasound images. Ultrasound guided brachytherapy is a common treatment for prostate cancer. Accurate determination of seed location is critical for the delivery of the correct radiation dose distribution to the prostate. They report initial results from their finite-element model, which provides an estimate of the torque required for a given seed displacement and an optimum seed vibration frequency of 310Hz. They have determined that the tissue vibration isosurfaces shrink with increasing frequency and have developed tools to measure them. Major results are the development of a finite-element model of a brachytherapy seed embedded in tissue, and the development of Matlab code to simulate the ultrasound echoes arising from tissue motion extracted from the finite-element model. Automatic seed segmentation and real-time dose planning are enabled by this technique. Furthermore, the technique enables ultrasound to replace CT for post-implant evaluation by providing a mechanism by which implanted seeds may be reliably identified by ultrasound. This report documents activities related to this grant for the period 1 April to 30 June 2004. Work on this grant was halted and all expenditures stopped at the end of June 2004 as a result of the transfer of the PI, Stephen McAleavey, from Duke University to the University of Rochester. No grant money has been spent since June, nevertheless, progress has been made in the short time the project was active.
Development of Single Photon Sources in GaN (2022)

The recent discovery of bright, room-temperature, single photon emitters in GaN leads to an appealing alternative to diamond best single photon emitters given the widespread use and technological maturity of III-nitrides for optoelectronics (e.g. blue LEDs, lasers) and high-speed, high-power electronics. This discovery opens the door to on-chip and on-demand single photon sources integrated with detectors and electronics. Currently, little is known about the underlying defect structure nor is there a sense of how such an emitter might be controllably created. A detailed understanding of the origin of the SPEs in GaN and a path to deterministically introduce them is required. In this project, we develop new experimental capabilities to then investigate single photon emission from GaN nanowires and both GAN and AlN wafers. We ion implant our wafers with the ion implanted with our focused ion beam nanoimplantation capabilities at Sandia, to go beyond typical broad beam implantation and create single photon emitting defects with nanometer precision. We?ve created light emitting sources using Li + and He + , but single photon emission has yet to be demonstrated. In parallel, we calculate the energy levels of defects and transition metal substitutions in GaN to gain a better understanding of the sources of single photon emission in GaN and AlN. The combined experimental and theoretical capabilities developed throughout this project will enable further investigation into the origins of single photon emission from defects in GaN, AlN, and other wide bandgap semiconductors.
Transient detection of E1‐containing adenovirus in saliva after the delivery of a first‐generation adenoviral vector to human parotid gland (2009)

The patient most likely had a latent Ad5 infection in the targeted parotid gland that was activated after gene transfer and was without clinical consequence.
Oil-Free Automotive Turbochargers: Drag Friction and On-Engine Performance Comparisons to Oil-Lubricated Commercial Turbochargers (2016)

Oil-free bearings for automotive turbochargers (TCs) offer unique advantages eliminating oil-related catastrophic TC failures (oil coking, severe bearing wear/seizure, and significant oil leakage, for example) while increasing overall system reliability and reducing maintenance costs. The main objective of the current investigation is to advance the technology of the gas foil bearings (GFBs) for automotive TCs by demonstrating their reliability, durability, and static/dynamic force characteristics desirable in extreme speed and temperature conditions. The paper compares drag friction and on-engine performances of an oil-free TC supported on GFBs against an oil-lubricated commercial production TC with identical compressor and turbine wheels. Extensive coast-down and fast acceleration TC rotor speed tests are conducted in a cold-air driven high-speed test cell. Rotor speed coast-down tests demonstrate that the differences in the identified rotational viscous drag coefficients and drag torques between the oil-free and production TCs are quite similar. In addition, rotor acceleration tests show that the acceleration torque of the oil-free TC rotor, when airborne, is larger than the production TC rotor due to the large mass and moment of inertia of the oil-free TC rotor even though air has lower viscosity than the TC lubricant oil. Separate experiments of the oil-free TC installed on a diesel engine demonstrate the reliable dynamic forced performance and superior rotor dynamic stability of the oil-free TC over the oil-lubricated TC. The post on-engine test inspection of the oil-free TC test hardware reveals no evidence of significant surface wear between the rotor and bearings, as well as no dimensional changes in the rotor outer surfaces and bearing top foil inner surfaces. The present experimental characterization and verified robustness of the oil-free TC system continue to extend the GFB knowledge database.
Integrated Design of a Class-J Power Amplifier (2013)

This paper discusses the design of a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) class-J GaN power amplifier (PA). Theoretical derivations of optimum load impedances, output power, and efficiency are presented to demonstrate their dependence on the quality factor of the integrated inductor used in the output matching network. A group of design curves are obtained to select the optimum transistor size and impedance according to the required output power and efficiency for a given inductor loss. An analytical-based design methodology using the design curves is proposed. To verify the accuracy of this analytical design approach, an integrated 0.5-W 15-V monolithic microwave integrated circuit PA is fabricated in 0.8-μm GaN technology. The PA exhibits greater than 50% drain efficiency over 825 MHz, from 2.25 to 3.075 GHz.
Interleukin 18 induces the sequential activation of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to protect syngeneic mice from transplantation with Meth A sarcoma. (1997)

We have recently reported that interleukin 18 (IL-18) pretreatment induces immunologically mediated antitumor effects in BALB/c mice injected i.p. with syngeneic Meth A sarcoma. In this study, mice were pretreated with IL-18 before Meth A transplantation, and immunocompetency in pretreated or untreated tumor-bearing mice (TBM) 3, 9, and 15 days after transplantation was compared with that of normal mice. On day 3, pretreated TBM mitogen-stimulated spleen cells produced significantly decreased levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma during 24-h culture. In contrast, IL-10 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor productions were significantly enhanced in pretreated TBM cultures, and natural killer (NK) cell activity was also significantly augmented. Splenomegaly was also observed in the pretreated TBM on day 3, and the proliferating cells were identified as asialo GM1+ cells by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic activity of pretreated TBM spleen cells after a 5-day mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell culture did not differ from that of untreated TBM and normal mice on day 3 but was significantly enhanced on days 9 and 15 compared with that observed in normal mice and untreated TBM. Concurrently, the production of IL-2 and of IL-10 recovered and decreased, respectively, and NK activity dropped to normal levels. The effects of IL-18 on cytokine production and NK activity observed on day 3 treated TBM were also reproduced in normal mice. In conclusion, IL-18 seems to enhance the generation of NK activity early after tumor transplantation and simultaneously induces an increase and a decrease in the production of IL-10 and IL-2, respectively. As NK activity subsides to normal levels and IL-10 synthesis decreases, IL-2 synthesis is restored, and cytolytic cell activity is significantly enhanced. These results provide new insight into the immunologically mediated antitumor effects of IL-18.
A high performance adaptive parallel distributed compensator for induction machine drives (2002)

An adaptive parallel distributed compensator (APDC) using Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems for indirect field oriented (IFO) induction machines is proposed. An on-line method is used to adjust the parameters of a Takagi-Sugeno identifier model to match the behavior of IFO induction machine drive system. Then, using the certainty equivalence principle, the parameters of the Takagi-Sugeno identifier model are employed in a standard control design method for the standard parallel distributed compensator to provide a global asymptotically stable equilibrium for the closed loop IFO drive system. In this way, identifier does not need to have any initial knowledge about the IFO drive system and as the identifier becomes more accurate, the controller parameters of the parallel distributed compensator will be adjusted, and if the identifier succeeds in its task, the controller will too. The proposed controller is simulated for a 5 hp induction machine drive system. The comparison of the standard PI and APDC is presented by simulation as well. These results prove that the proposed controller is robust to load changes and system disturbances and can also follow different command trajectories very well without any re-tuning of the controller.
Cascaded Intrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer Fiber Sensor Coated with Pd Alloy for Hydrogen Sensing (2021)

A cascaded hydrogen sensors based on intrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (IFPI) fabricated by femtosecond laser in single mode fibers is presented for monitoring the hydrogen gas at the room temperature. A detection limit of hydrogen of 0.25 % is achieved.
4-Boratastyrylstilbene and 1,4-Bis(boratastyryl)benzene:  Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Photophysics (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXT4-Boratastyrylstilbene and 1,4-Bis(boratastyryl)benzene: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and PhotophysicsBun Yeoul Lee and Guillermo C. BazanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, California 93106 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 35, 8577–8578Publication Date (Web):August 17, 2000Publication History Received30 May 2000Published online17 August 2000Published inissue 1 September 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja001873whttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja001873wrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views545Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absorption,Charge transfer,Ions,Molecular properties,Sodium Get e-Alerts
Electrospray ionization in the strong magnetic field of a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrospray ionization in the strong magnetic field of a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometerSteven A. Hofstadler and David A. LaudeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 5, 569–572Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00029a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts