gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Length and temperature dependent 1/f noise in vertical single-walled carbon nanotube arrays (2013)

We report measurements of temperature- and length-dependent 1/f noise in vertical single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) arrays. Carbon nanotubes are synthesized in a porous anodic alumina template with sub-micrometer channel lengths ranging from 100 to 700 nm. A significant difference is observed in the 1/f noise magnitude of quasi-ballistic and diffusive SWCNT devices, with quasi-ballistic devices exhibiting 1/f noise levels that are one to two orders of magnitude less than diffusively conducting devices. Furthermore, 1/f noise was measured from 90 to 400 K, and the noise prefactor decreased significantly at temperatures below 250 K.
An Algorithmic Safety VEST For Li-ion Batteries During Fast Charging (2021)

Fast charging of lithium-ion batteries is crucial to increase desirability for consumers and hence accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles. A major barrier to shorter charge times is the accelerated aging of the battery at higher charging rates, which can be driven by lithium plating, increased solid electrolyte interphase growth due to elevated temperatures, and particle cracking due to mechanical stress. Lithium plating depends on the overpotential of the negative electrode, and mechanical stress depends on the concentration gradient, both of which cannot be measured directly. Techniques based on physics-based models of the battery and optimal control algorithms have been developed to this end. While these methods show promise in reducing degradation, their optimization algorithms' complexity can limit their implementation. In this paper, we present a method based on the constant current constant voltage (CC-CV) charging scheme, called CC-CV$ησ$T (VEST). The new approach is simpler to implement and can be used with any model to impose varying levels of constraints on variables pertinent to degradation, such as plating potential and mechanical stress. We demonstrate the new CC-CV$ησ$T charging using an electrochemical model with mechanical and thermal effects included. Furthermore, we discuss how uncertainties can be accounted for by considering safety margins for the plating and stress constraints.
Steric and electronic effects on the Weiss reaction. Isolation of 1∶1 adducts (1997)

The mechanism of the Weiss reaction has been studied with respect to the intermediacy of 4-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-ones (1∶1 adducts) in this process. Analysis of these experiments provides additional evidence that 4-hydroxycyclopentenones are indeed key intermediates in the Weiss reaction. Based on the reaction of dimethyl 3-oxoglutarate with benzil, pyridil, thenil, furil and phenanthrenequinone, steric effects play the major role in the overall success of this condensation to provide substituted cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-diones. Moreover a trihydroxyindene [5.6] system (see 26) has been isolated for the first time under the Weiss conditions which provides additional support for the existence of cyclopentenone intermediates in this process.
Cell-Based Therapy for Urinary Incontinence (2010)

Urinary incontinence has become a societal problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Although numerous therapeutic modalities are available, none has been shown to be entirely satisfactory. Consequently, cell-based approaches using regenerative medicine technology have emerged as a potential solution that would provide a means of correcting anatomical deficiencies and restoring normal function. As such, numerous cell-based investigations have been performed to develop systems that are focused on addressing clinical needs. While most of these attempts remain in the experimental stages, several clinical trials are being designed or are in progress. This article provides an overview of the cell-based approaches that utilize various cell sources to develop effective treatment modalities for urinary incontinence.
Polyglutamine Tract Expansion Increases S-Nitrosylation of Huntingtin and Ataxin-1 (2016)

Expansion of the polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the huntingtin (Htt) protein causes Huntington's disease (HD), a fatal inherited movement disorder linked to neurodegeneration in the striatum and cortex. S-nitrosylation and S-acylation of cysteine residues regulate many functions of cytosolic proteins. We therefore used a resin-assisted capture approach to identify these modifications in Htt. In contrast to many proteins that have only a single S-nitrosylation or S-acylation site, we identified sites along much of the length of Htt. Moreover, analysis of cells expressing full-length Htt or a large N-terminal fragment of Htt shows that polyQ expansion strongly increases Htt S-nitrosylation. This effect appears to be general since it is also observed in Ataxin-1, which causes spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) when its polyQ tract is expanded. Overexpression of nitric oxide synthase increases the S-nitrosylation of normal Htt and the frequency of conspicuous juxtanuclear inclusions of Htt N-terminal fragments in transfected cells. Taken together with the evidence that S-nitrosylation of Htt is widespread and parallels polyQ expansion, these subcellular changes show that S-nitrosylation affects the biology of this protein in vivo.
Patellofemoral kinematics during knee flexion-extension: An in vitro study (2006)

The purpose of this work was to obtain kinematics data for the normal human patellofemoral joint in vitro. Eight fresh-frozen cadaver knees were used. The heads of the quadriceps were separated, and the knees mounted in a kinematics rig. The femoral axis was aligned with an electromagnetic transmitter. The six heads of the quadriceps, including vasti medialis and lateralis obliquus, were loaded via cables according to their physiological cross-sectional areas and orientations. Magnetic trackers were mounted on the patella and tibia. The knee was flexed-extended against the extending muscle action, and patellar tracking was measured in six degrees of freedom. As the knee flexed, the patella flexed by 0.7 times the tibiofemoral flexion angle. It also translated medially 4 mm to engage the trochlear groove at 20 degrees knee flexion, then translated to 7 mm lateral by 90 degrees knee flexion. The patella tilted progressively to 7 degrees lateral by 90 degrees knee flexion, and patellar medial-lateral rotation was usually less than 3 degrees. This is believed to be the first set of patellar tracking data obtained in both flexion and extension motion while the patella was acted on by a full set of quadriceps muscle tensions acting in physiological directions. These data may be used in future studies of the effects of pathologies on patellar tracking.
Circulating LncRNAs Serve as Diagnostic Markers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2017)

The three lncRNAs may act as novel biomarkers for acting as fingerprint in HCC combining with AFP.
Pathologic Examination of Pancreatic Specimens Resected for Treated Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2021)

Currently, there are no internationally accepted consensus guidelines for pathologic evaluation of posttherapy pancreatectomy specimens. The Neoadjuvant Therapy Working Group of Pancreatobiliary Pathology Society was formed in 2018 to review grossing protocols, literature, and major issues and to develop recommendations for pathologic evaluation of posttherapy pancreatectomy specimens. The working group generated the following recommendations: (1) Systematic and standardized grossing and sampling protocols should be adopted for pancreatectomy specimens for treated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). (2) Consecutive mapping sections along the largest gross tumor dimension are recommended to validate tumor size by histology as required by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) cancer protocol. (3) Tumor size of treated PDACs should be measured microscopically as the largest dimension of tumor outer limits that is bound by viable tumor cells, including intervening stroma. (4) The MD Anderson grading system for tumor response has a better correlation with prognosis and better interobserver concordance among pathologists than does the CAP system. (5) A case should not be classified as a complete response unless the entire pancreas, peripancreatic tissues, ampulla of Vater, common bile duct, and duodenum adjacent to the pancreas are submitted for microscopic examination. (6) Future studies on tumor response of lymph node metastases, molecular and/or immunohistochemical markers, as well as application of artificial intelligence in grading tumor response of treated PDAC are needed. In summary, systematic, standardized pathologic evaluation, accurate tumor size measurement, and reproducible tumor response grading to neoadjuvant therapy are needed for optimal patient care. The criteria and discussions provided here may provide guidance towards these goals.
A call for more science in forensic science (2018)

Forensic science is critical to the administration of justice. The discipline of forensic science is remarkably complex and includes methodologies ranging from DNA analysis to chemical composition to pattern recognition. Many forensic practices developed under the auspices of law enforcement and were vetted primarily by the legal system rather than being subjected to scientific scrutiny and empirical testing. Beginning in the 1990s, exonerations based on DNA-related methods revealed problems with some forensic disciplines, leading to calls for major reforms. This process generated a National Academy of Science report in 2009 that was highly critical of many forensic practices and eventually led to the establishment of the National Commission for Forensic Science (NCFS) in 2013. The NCFS was a deliberative body that catalyzed communication between nonforensic scientists, forensic scientists, and other stakeholders in the legal community. In 2017, despite continuing problems with forensic science, the Department of Justice terminated the NCFS. Just when forensic science needs the most support, it is getting the least. We urge the larger scientific community to come to the aid of our forensic colleagues by advocating for urgently needed research, testing, and financial support.
Potentiation of cytotoxic activity of immunotoxins on cultured human cells. (1985)

The cytotoxic activity against human tumor cells of toxic conjugates of Pseudomonas exotoxin with anti-transferrin receptor antibody or epidermal growth factor was potentiated up to 10 to 20-fold by the calcium antagonists verapamil, D-600, and diltiazem and by the lysosomotropic agent beta-glycylphenyl-naphthylamide. The potentiating activity of these agents could be predicted by measuring the inhibition of protein synthesis by the immunotoxins on various cell lines. The use of potentiating agents such as these in combination with immunotoxins may prove useful in the treatment of some human cancers.
Channel Width Dependence of Mobility in Ge Channel Modulation Doped Structures (2000)

We systematically studied channel width dependence of mobility in Ge channel modulation- doped structures fabricated by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy using the low-temperature buffer technique. This technique made it possible to obtain high-quality strain-relaxed Si1-xGex buffer layers having a very smooth surface (~5 nm). It was found that the mobility had a maximum around the channel width (Wch) of 7.5 nm and that it reached 13000 cm2/Vs at 20 K and 1175 cm2/Vs at room temperature (RT). The decrease in mobility with decreasing channel width was attributed to interface roughness scattering, since its influence increased as Wch decreased. On the other hand, the decrease in mobility for wider channels was considered to come from strain relaxation of Ge channel layers. In fact, high-resolution X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that strain relaxation of Ge channel layers occurred in the sample with Wch=20 nm. By lowering the growth temperature of Ge channel layers to suppress the strain relaxation, the mobility of 1320 cm2/Vs at RT was achieved.
Serological confirmation of human T-lymphotropic virus type I infection in healthy blood and plasma donors (1989)

We wished to develop criteria for serological confirmation of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection in healthy donors. Selected serum or plasma samples reactive by HTLV-I enzyme immunosorbent assay or gel-agglutination assays with at least one viral-specific band on Western immunoblot (WIB) were tested in six laboratories by four WIBs and four radioimmunoprecipitation assays (RIPAs) for antibodies to HTLV-I proteins encoded by gag (p19 and p24), env (gp46 and/or gp61), and tax (p40x) genes. One hundred forty-two donor sera were obtained from 38 Japanese, 69 American, and 35 Caribbean blood or plasma donors. Among these samples, WIB assays appeared more sensitive to p24 antibodies, whereas RIPAs were significantly more sensitive to gp61 antibodies. All sera (137) with gp61 antibodies had p24 antibodies. Of the 137 sera positive for p24 and gp61 antibodies, p19 antibodies were detected in 129 sera, and p40x antibodies were detected in 108. In sera with p19 antibodies and antibodies to env- or tax-encoded proteins, p24 antibodies were always present. Antibodies to p40x were not found in the absence of gp61 antibodies. Virological evidence of infection was found in seven American donors by lymphocyte coculture (one HTLV-I, one HTLV-II) or by polymerase chain reaction (three HTLV-I, two HTLV-II). Sera from all seven donors showed p24 and gp46 and/or gp61 antibodies. We suggest that seroreactivity to both p24 and gp46 and/or gp61 by WIB or RIPA or both are suitable criteria to confirm but not to distinguish HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections.
A medical records and data capture and management system for Lassa fever in Sierra Leone: Approach, implementation, and challenges (2019)

Situated in southeastern Sierra Leone, Kenema Government Hospital (KGH) maintains one of the world's only Lassa fever isolation wards and was a strategic Ebola virus disease (EVD) treatment facility during the 2014 EVD outbreak. Since 2006, the Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Consortium (VHFC) has carried out research activities at KGH, capturing clinical and laboratory data for suspected cases of Lassa fever. Here we describe the approach, progress, and challenges in designing and maintaining a data capture and management system (DCMS) at KGH to assist infectious disease researchers in building and sustaining DCMS in low-resource environments. Results on screening patterns and case-fatality rates are provided to illustrate the context and scope of the DCMS covered in this study. A medical records system and DCMS was designed and implemented between 2010 and 2016 linking historical and prospective Lassa fever data sources across KGH Lassa fever units and its peripheral health units. Data were captured using a case report form (CRF) system, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plate readers, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) machines, blood chemistry analyzers, and data auditing procedures. Between 2008 and 2016, blood samples for 4,229 suspected Lassa fever cases were screened at KGH, ranging from 219 samples in 2008 to a peak of 760 samples in 2011. Lassa fever case-fatality rates before and following the Ebola outbreak were 65.5% (148/226) and 89.5% (17/19), respectively, suggesting that fewer, but more seriously ill subjects with Lassa fever presented to KGH following the 2014 EVD outbreak (p = .040). DCMS challenges included weak specificity of the Lassa fever suspected case definition, limited capture of patient survival outcome data, internet costs, lapses in internet connectivity, low bandwidth, equipment and software maintenance, lack of computer teaching laboratories, and workload fluctuations due to variable screening activity. DCMS are the backbone of international research efforts and additional literature is needed on the topic for establishing benchmarks and driving goal-based approaches for its advancement in developing countries.
Laser-Terahertz Emission Readout of Chemical Sensors (2007)

A new type of laser-terahertz emission system for the non-contact investigation of the chemical solutions has been developed. This system monitors the terahertz emission from a sensing plate, which consists of a silicon oxide and a silicon thin film layers on the sapphire substrate. The sensing of chemical solutions with the pH value between 1.68 and 10.01 was demonstrated. The amplitude of terahertz emission from the sensing plate increased with increasing the pH value. This change in the amplitude was caused by the change of the depletion layers of the silicon thin film when protons adsorbed at the surface of the sensing plate. This result indicates that fully non-contact monitoring of chemical solutions can be possible using the laser-terahertz emission system.
Development of adaptive fiber collimators for conformal fiber-based beam projection systems (2008)

We describe bimorph piezoelectric fiber actuators, which enable tip and tilt control in fiber collimators, as well as their integration into a fiber-array based beam-projection system. A mechanism for alignment of individual fiber actuators within the array was developed. It provides six degrees of freedom and allows for high subaperture density. The alignment procedures for a seven-subaperture prototype system as well as first results from evaluation experiments are presented.
Ultrasonic circular array sensing for human arm motion classification (2014)

Classification of human arm movements is an important problem in healthcare and well-being applications. In this paper, an ultrasonic Uniform Circular Array (UCA) Doppler sensing method is proposed for classifying arm movements from a given set. The method uses velocity and angular information, derived from Doppler frequencies and direction-of-arrival (DoA) by processing the signals received at the UCA, and employs a Bayesian classifier to distinguish between movements. The performance of the sensing method is evaluated using experimental datasets. The proposed ultrasonic UCA Doppler sensor and processing methods provide a compact solution for human arm movement classification.
Delay of intrusion detection in wireless sensor networks (2006)

In this paper we consider sensor networks for intrusion detection, such that node deployment, node failures and node behavior result in coverage gaps and a fraction of disconnected nodes in an otherwise dense and well-connected network. We focus on the time delay for a mobile intruder to be detected by a sensor with a connected path to the sink, in contrast to existing results for the detection time by a sensor with arbitrary connectivity. We model our network using a supercritical percolation model on the plane, implying the existence of a unique unbounded connected component, and we assume that the sink belongs to this component. We analyze the distribution of the distance traveled by a moving target until it comes within sensing range of a node in the giant component, providing analytical bounds for linear intruder mobility and thorough simulation results for other mobility models. We show that the probability that the intruder proceeds undetected exhibits non-memoryless behavior over shorter distances and an exponentially decreasing tail. We also show that the time of contact with the giant component incurs considerably more delay than the time of first contact with any node, in networks with less than 10% of nodes without a path to the sink, which means that even a small percentage of node failures may have a drastic impact on the performance of intrusion detection by a wireless sensor networ.
Automatic Synthesis of Fine-Motion Strategies for Robots (1984)

Active compliance enables robots to carry out tasks in the presence of significant sensing and control errors. Compliant motions are quite difficult for humans to specify, however. Furthermore, robot programs are quite sensitive to details of geometry and to error characteristics and must, therefore, be constructed anew for each task. These factors motivate the search for automatic synthesis tools for robot program ming, especially for compliant motion. This paper describes a formal approach to the synthesis of compliant-motion strategies from geometric descriptions of assembly operations and explicit estimates of errors in sensing and control. A key aspect of the approach is that it provides criteriafor correct ness of compliant-motion strategies.
Quantitative assessment of outer retinal layers and ellipsoid zone mapping in hydroxychloroquine retinopathy (2018)

HCQ toxicity resulted in significant outer retinal layer volumetric thinning compared with controls. Quantitative assessment of outer retinal parameters and EZ mapping on SD-OCT may become a useful biomarker to identify and monitor HCQ toxicity.
Discrimination of Ventricular Tachycardia from Supraventricular Tachycardia by a Downloaded Wavelet‐Transform Morphology Algorithm: A Paradigm for Development of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Detection Algorithms (2002)

The wavelet morphology algorithm has high sensitivity for VT detection. Inappropriate detections of SVT as VT may be reduced by optimal programming. Downloadable software permits evaluation of new algorithms in implanted ICDs.
Degradation of floating-gate memory reliability by few electron phenomena (2006)

The purpose of this paper is to give a quantitative evaluation of the intrinsic reliability limits of floating-gate (FG) memories in the decananometer range due to the reduction of collective phenomena and to the dominance of single-electron stochastic behaviors. To this end, first, a model that quantitatively predicts the intrinsic dispersions of the memory retention time and programming window is proposed. Second, experimental results obtained on ultrascaled memory devices (with an active area as small as 30 nm /spl times/ 30 nm) with either a continuous poly-Si FG or silicon nanocrystals will be shown and used to validate this model. Finally, extrapolations on the intrinsic reliability limits of future generations of Flash memories will be done.
Preventing Newborn Infection with Maternal Immunization (2013)

Group B streptococcal disease is a common cause of bacterial sepsis in newborns and is often fatal. To protect these babies, a vaccination program must target pregnant women for immunization so that the resulting antibodies can be passively delivered from the mother to the fetus. Scientists met in Siena, Italy, to discuss potential approaches to maternal immunization for the prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease.
Reduction of EMI by electric field method (1999)

Parasitic capacitance between PCB traces have a severe influence on the EMC performance of switching mode power supplies. A novel layout approach based on field mapping is proposed to reduce crosstalk problems early in the PCB design stage and emission maps offer valuable visual aids to engineers. Simulation and experiments are carried out to verify this idea and software is developed to help engineers layout noisy and victim traces.
Fabrication of single‐mode polymeric waveguides using micromolding in capillaries (1996)

Micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC) has been used to fabricate arrays of single‐mode polymeric waveguides from several classes of polymeric materials (epoxies, polyrethanes, and polyacrylates) supported on Si/SiO 2 substrates. Waveguides clad with polymers having slightly lower refractive indices gave single‐mode output in the visible and near‐infrared regions. A typical waveguide structure exhibiting single‐mode behavior is shown in the Figure. magnified image
Supplementary Table S2 from Radiotherapy Induces Innate Immune Responses in Patients Treated for Prostate Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Reactome based longitudinal pathway analysis showing significantly dysregulated pathways at 1 h, 24 hours, 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-months following RT in the GU prostate cancer cohort.&lt;/p&gt;
Cross-Phase Modulation in Si Photonic Wire Waveguides (2006)

We demonstrate strong cross-phase modulation in Si photonic wire waveguides using picosecond pulses. We present an all-optical scheme for control of optical pulses, utilizing the tight optical confinement of wire waveguides to enhance the nonlinearity.