gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a Water-Soluble Siloxane Copolymer and Its Application for Antimicrobial Coatings (2009)

Copolymers of an N-halamine siloxane and a quaternary ammonium salt siloxane were prepared using 5,5-dimethylhydantoin and trimethylamine as functional groups. The solubility of this siloxane copolymer in water was dramatically improved over that of a hydantoinyl siloxane homopolymer developed earlier. The biocidal activity of cotton swatches coated with the copolymer was evaluated against S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7; the antimicrobial fabric with 0.23%−0.26% chlorine loading could inactivate 107 colony forming units (CFU) of bacteria within 1−5 min of contact. It was observed that a 1 wt % coating bath could provide a coating that could be chlorinated to greater than a 0.20% chlorine loading for a copolymer having a 9:1 ratio of hydantoin to quat moieties. The stability of the oxidative chlorine loading on the cotton swatches was not affected by the presence of the very hydrophilic quat functional group. Use of the copolymer in an antimicrobial coating application will be desirable because no organic solvent is needed for the preparation of a coating bath for textile materials.
Fluorine-Directed Nazarov Cyclizations 2: Regioselective Synthesis of 5-Trifluoromethyl-2-cyclopentenones (1998)

1-Trifluoromethylvinyl vinyl ketones are treated with trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate in CH2Cl2-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol to afford 5-trifluoromethyl-2-cyclopentenones. Both acyclic and cyclic substrates furnish the corresponding cyclized products in good to excellent yields with defined placement of the endocyclic double bond due to the strong electronic effect exerted by the trifluoromethyl group.
Defining Standard Strategies for Quantum Benchmarks (2023)

As quantum computers grow in size and scope, a question of great importance is how best to benchmark performance. Here we define a set of characteristics that any benchmark should follow -- randomized, well-defined, holistic, device independent -- and make a distinction between benchmarks and diagnostics. We use Quantum Volume (QV) [1] as an example case for clear rules in benchmarking, illustrating the implications for using different success statistics, as in Ref. [2]. We discuss the issue of benchmark optimizations, detail when those optimizations are appropriate, and how they should be reported. Reporting the use of quantum error mitigation techniques is especially critical for interpreting benchmarking results, as their ability to yield highly accurate observables comes with exponential overhead, which is often omitted in performance evaluations. Finally, we use application-oriented and mirror benchmarking techniques to demonstrate some of the highlighted optimization principles, and introduce a scalable mirror quantum volume benchmark. We elucidate the importance of simple optimizations for improving benchmarking results, and note that such omissions can make a critical difference in comparisons. For example, when running mirror randomized benchmarking, we observe a reduction in error per qubit from 2% to 1% on a 26-qubit circuit with the inclusion of dynamic decoupling.
Accurate identification of the band gap of photonic crystals from transmission spectra (2002)

The transmission spectra of a three-dimensional photonic crystal for various incident angles was examined. When the incident angle is not normal to the surface of the crystal, the direction of the wave vector of light is sensitive to the frequency. In order to compare the experimental band edge with the theoretical band diagram, we calculated the band diagram of the frequency versus the incident angle by converting the ordinary band diagram, which is ordinarily expressed as the diagram of the frequency versus the internal wave vector. As a result of the comparison, the changes of the band edge which was obtained in the experimental transmission measurement agreed well with the theoretical changes. It became clear that the two-step attenuation of transmission which is at large incident angles is caused by the split of the first and the second band edge (also the third and the fourth band edge) at large incident angles.
Design and Evaluation of an Open Traffic/Bicycle Bridge Railing System (2007)

Two Open Traffic/Bicycle Bridge Railing Systems were designed and tested for use on a rigid, single-slope, concrete barrier. The test installations consisted of 36.3 m (119 ft - 2 7/8 in.) of the railing mounted to a 36.58-m (120-ft) long section of standard single-slope concrete barrier. For each system, one full-scale crash test was conducted and reported in accordance with the requirements set forth in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report No. 350, Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features. The first test consisted of a 2,015-kg (4,442-lb) 1998 GMC C2500 pickup truck impacting at an angle of 25.6 degrees and at a speed of 101.5 km/h (63.1 mph). The pickup snagged on the longitudinal rails during climb and eventually rolled, resulting in test failure. For the second test, modifications were made to the system in an attempt to reduce vehicle penetration and prevent rolling. The second test was also conducted with a 1998 GMC C2500 pickup truck. The pickup weighed 2,029 kg (4,473 lbs), and impacted the system at an angle of 25.6 degrees and at a speed of 102.7 km/h (63.8 mph). Once again, the pickup snagged as it climbed the barrier, resulting in vehicle roll and unsatisfactory results.
Systematic management of simulation state for multi-branch simulations in simulink (2013)

Systematic simulation is a technique related and motivated by the formal analysis of hybrid dynamic systems. It combines the exhaustive and conservative nature of traditional model checking with numerical simulation for providing efficient algorithms to manage simulations. Multi-branch simulation is the concept advancing simulation efficiency by reducing the number of state transitions. This paper introduces an approach to implement multi-branch simulation into a popular industrial modeling and simulation tool, Simulink®. The notion of simulation state which is distinctly different from the dynamic system state, is introduced for Simulink models. From this, a novel semantics based on transition systems is then developed. In a prototype implementation, these semantics are encoded in the current architecture of the Simulink engine and enable demonstrating the benefit of such type of a simulation by three case studies.
Arsenic trioxide in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS): Preliminary results of a phase II clinical study (2004)

6512 Background: Trisenox (arsenic trioxide –ATO) is a novel anticancer agent approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute promyelocytic leukemia. ATO has unique mechanisms of action that impact apoptotic threshold and differentiation in leukemia cell lines and hematopoietic malignancies. To investigate the activity of ATO in MDS, we performed a study in pts from Low/Int-1 (LR) and Int-2/High risk (HR) IPSS categories. Methods: Pts received ATO at 0.25 mg/kg via a 1–2 hour IV infusion, Monday to Friday, 2 consecutive wks every 28 days. Disease response and toxicity were assessed using the International Working Group (IWG) criteria and NCI CTC v2, respectively. Results: 53 pts are enrolled: 4 received no study drug and 3 are too early in treatment to assess. Among the 46 evaluable pts (29 M/17 F; median age 69, [35–93]), FAB categories were RA (6 pts), RARS (9), RAEB (18), RAEB-t (11), and CMML (2). Twenty-five pts were HR and 21 were LR MDS. The median interval from diagnosis to first dose was 7 months (0–81). Thirty-five pts were transfusion-dependent (TD). Hematologic responses were observed in 12 of 46 evaluable pts (26%); 8/21 LR pts (38%), and 4/25 HR pts (16%). Responses included 9 erythroid (5 major, including 1 CR), 3 major platelet, and 2 major neutrophil. Confirmed responses were seen after 2 to 6.1 months of treatment and lasted from 2 to >8 months on study, with 1 pt maintaining response for >21 months off study. Four TD pts became transfusion-independent, and transfusion requirements in 3 others decreased by ≥50%. Stable disease lasting >8 weeks was observed in 8 additional HR pts. Grades (gr) 3–4 adverse events considered drug-related that were observed in ≥2 pts included fatigue, febrile neutropenia, dyspnea, urinary tract infection, hyperglycemia, congestive heart failure, hypoxia, herpes infection, and pleural effusion. Some cytopenias were exacerbated, resulting in 1 gr 3 and 2 gr 4 neutropenias, and 3 gr 3 and 1 gr 4 thrombocytopenias. Conclusions: ATO demonstrates multilineage hematopoietic activity in both LR and HR MDS pts. ATO is well tolerated, as most treatment-related adverse events were mild to moderate. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Cell Therapeutics, Inc. Cell Therapeutics, Inc. Cell Therapeutics, Inc.
Endovascular treatment of supra‐celiac aortic pseudoaneurysms following liver transplantation (2009)

The development of supra-celiac pseudoaneurysms following aorto-hepatic reconstruction during liver transplantation represents a major and surgically challenging complication. However, the use of endovascular stent grafts for the exclusion of aortic aneurysms is now a standard procedure with low morbidity and mortality. We demonstrate the successful endovascular repair of three cases of supra-celiac pseudoaneurysms, which developed after liver transplantation. A 40-yr-old woman, a 61-yr-old man, and a 45-yr-old woman underwent liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease. Between three months and five yr after the transplantation the patients developed large supra-celiac pseudoaneurysms leading to thrombosis of the hepatic artery and biliary complications. The stent graft implantation was uneventful, one endoleak Type I occluded spontaneously. There were no intervention-related complications. Unfortunately, one patient died one month after the procedure due to progressive liver failure and one died after five months due to multiple organ failure. One patient is still alive and in good condition.
Relationship between serum phosphate levels and survival in chronic hemodialysis patients: interactions with age, malnutrition and inflammation (2019)

The consistent U-shaped relationships between serum phosphate and mortality across age strata and levels of inflammatory and nutritional status should prompt the search for underlying causes and potentially nutritional intervention in clinical practice.
Opening the black box for data efficiency and inverse design in photonics (2021)

Supervised neural networks are rising as an algorithm of choice for surrogate models in photonics, because they are versatile, fast to evaluate, easily differentiable, and perform well in high-dimensional problems. However, the drawback of this black box approach is that it requires a lot of data. Unfortunately in the context of photonics, data is generated through expensive full solves of Maxwell’s equations. This talk will present ways to open the black box for better data efficiency and performance of deep surrogate models. The first part of this talk will present how active learning can reduce the need for data by at least an order of magnitude by adapting the data generation to the model learning. The second part will present how information about the physics can be incorporated into the neural network for more efficiency.
Solution structure of an atypical WW domain in a novel β‐clam‐like dimeric form (2007)

The WW domain is known as one of the smallest protein modules with a triple-stranded beta-sheet fold. Here, we present the solution structure of the second WW domain from the mouse salvador homolog 1 protein. This WW domain forms a homodimer with a beta-clam-like motif, as evidenced by size exclusion chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation and NMR spectroscopy. While typical WW domains are believed to function as monomeric modules that recognize proline-rich sequences, by using conserved aromatic and hydrophobic residues that are solvent-exposed on the surface of the beta-sheet, this WW domain buries these residues in the dimer interface.
An investigation on opioid peptide precursors, in striatum (1985)

central nervous system rough endoplasmic reticulum amino carboxyl CNS RER
Molecular Characterization of the S Locus in Two Self-Incompatible Brassica napus Lines (1996)

Kangfu Yu, Ulrike Schafer, Tracy L. Glavin, Daphne R. Goring, Steven J. Rothstein, Molecular Characterization of the S Locus in Two Self-Incompatible Brassica napus Lines, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 12 (Dec., 1996), pp. 2369-2380
DETERMINATION OF SPIN STRUCTURES OF MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS BY POLARIZED NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY (1993)

The capabilities of spin–dependent reflectivity measurements with neutrons to determine the spatial arrangement of magnetic moments in magnetic multilayers are illustrated with two examples, Fe/Cr and Fe/Gd multilayers. The spin structure of sputtered films of [Fe30Å/Cr10Å]x30 was observed in the virgin state and after annealing in different conditions; the results were correlated to the progressive decrease of the magnetoresistivity. [Fe35Å/Gd50Å]x15 multilayers, with their antiparallel magnetization, show at low temperature evidence of a magnetic phase transition which is surface induced.
NOC approach to spiroketals. A total synthesis of (.+-.)-talaromycin B (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNOC approach to spiroketals. A total synthesis of (.+-.)-talaromycin BAlan P. Kozikowski and James G. ScripkoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 2, 353–355Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00314a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00314a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views459Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical gain in Ga(NAsP)/(BGa)(AsP) multi-quantum-well heterostructures grown lattice-matched on (001) Silicon substrate (2008)

The focus of the present study is the optical characterisation of the novel direct band gap material Ga(NAsP) monolithically grown on Si substrate. Ga(NAsP)/(BGa)(AsP) multi-quantum-well heterostructures (MQWHs) were deposited by low temperature metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) in a commercial reactor system on nominally exact (001) Si substrates. In order to realise III/V laser diode the MQWH layer-stack was embedded in 1mum thick (BGa)P separate confinement structure (SCH) layers. Structure investigation proved that a precise strain-management allows for the deposition of thick III/V devices without the formation of cracks or misfit dislocations. First gain measurements at room temperature using the stripe-length method show a modal gain of more than 20cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> of the active Ga(NAsP) material monolithically integrated on Si substrates, which was discussed in detail.
Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 2005 International Conference on Middleware (2005)

Today, middleware is a key part of almost any application. Gone are the days when middleware was only used in the IT industry for high-end applications. Rather than middleware being part of the IT world, today IT applications represent only one aspect of middleware. With the increase in distribution, network capacity, and widespread deployment of computing devices (in homes, automobiles, mobile phones, etc.), middleware has surpassed the importance of operating systems as the platform where application development and deployment take place. This makes middleware very exciting as a research area but also a very challenging one since it encompasses many different concepts and techniques from a wide variety of fields: networking, distributed systems, software engineering, performance analysis, computer architecture, and data management.

Middleware 2005 in Grenoble, France, was the 6th edition of an increasingly successful conference. The scope of the conference has been slowly widening with every edition to accommodate new fields and applications. This year we made a considerable effort to reach out to other communities who are also active in the general area of middleware --- sensor networks, networks in general, databases, software engineering --- a fact that is reflected in the variety of submissions.

The program this year was selected from over 112 submissions. From these, the Program Committee selected 18 full papers and 6 short papers. Each paper had at least four reviews and the selection was made based on technical merit, relevance, originality of the contribution, and degree of innovation. Preference was given to papers with new ideas or covering novel application areas. Among the accepted papers, there was a fair number of PC papers. For the record, PC papers had to be clearly above other papers to be considered for acceptance. In this Call for Papers, we did not include work-in-progress papers. Instead, we introduced short papers --- selected from the regular submissions as papers that had interesting ideas but were not ready for publication as full papers --- and a demo session with a separate Call for Papers --- which should give a venue to present systems-oriented research.

As in the past, the review process was highly selective and the source of many interesting discussions on the nature of middleware and its general applicability. The exciting program that was prepared reflects these discussions and created the perfect background for similar discussions during the conference. Together with the workshops that accompanied the conference, Middleware 2005 covered a wide range of issues and topics related to all aspects of middleware, from software engineering to low-level implementation details.
The Co-Operative Insurance of Live-Stock in England and Wales (1914)

Returns collected by the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries show that about 4,400,000 pigs were sold off the farms of Great Britain in 1908-09 at an aggregate price of about I4,35o,ooo0., an average of about 31.5s. per pig; and in the month of June every year there are in
A modified back-etch method for preparation of plan-view high-resolution transmission electron microscopy samples (2006)

A modified back-etch method is described that has been successfully used to prepare samples of thin films and nanoparticles on Si wafer substrates for examination by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). This process includes ultrasonic cutting, abrasive pre-thinning and a two-stage etching procedure. Unlike previous reports of back-etching methods, tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide, which has a very high-etching selectivity of Si to SiO(2), is used for the final etching to allow removal of the Si without degradation of the SiO(2) membrane. An innovative wrapping method is also described. This novel approach reduces the preparation time for HRTEM samples to <1 h per sample for groups of 10 or more samples. As an example, the preparation of FePt nanoparticle samples for HRTEM imaging is described.
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of SPD476, a Novel, Once-Daily, High-Dose Formulation of Mesalamine, and Asacol with Placebo for the Induction of Remission of Mild-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis (2005)

Purpose: This double-blind, multi-centre study (MATRx2) compared the efficacy and tolerability of Asacol and SPD476, a novel formulation of mesalamine (5ASA) that uses multimatrix (MMx) technology to deliver 5ASA (1.2 g/tablet) to the entire colon, with placebo. Methods: 343 patients (pts) with mild-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC) were randomised to receive placebo, Asacol 2.4 g/d three times daily (0.8g TID), SPD476 2.4g once-daily (QD) or 4.8g QD for 8 weeks. Results: At week 8, a statistically significant greater proportion of pts receiving SPD476 2.4g QD or 4.8g QD achieved remission (defined as a UC disease activity index [UC-DAI] of ≤1 with a rectal bleeding and stool frequency score of 0 and ≥1-point reduction in sigmoidoscopy score from baseline [BL]) and clinical remission (complete resolution of symptoms) compared with placebo. Asacol was not statistically superior to placebo for either endpoint. A higher proportion of pts receiving active treatment achieved significant clinical improvement (reduction in UC-DAI score of ≥3 points from BL) vs placebo. Four pts (2 from placebo group) withdrew from the study due to disease-related adverse events. Conclusions: SPD476 2.4 g and 4.8 g, once-daily, are effective and well tolerated for induction of remission of mild-moderate UC. Compared with 2.4 g QD, pts given 4.8 g QD showed improved clinical and sigmoidoscopic outcomes suggesting superior mucosal healing with this higher dose. Asacol was not statistically superior to placebo for remission induction. SPD476 offers effective and convenient once-daily 5ASA from a small number of tablets. This is likely to improve compliance and treatment success.Table: No Caption available.
Human papillomavirus screening and vaccines for cancer prevention: what is on the horizon? (2008)

This perspective aims to look at how the recently licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, based on L1 virus-like particles (VLPs), will impact cervical cancer globally, and what remains to be done in this field. The current VLP vaccines protect against infection from a substantial proportion, but not all, of the oncogenic HPV genotypes, and they have no proven therapeutic benefit for patients with HPV disease. Furthermore, they are too costly for sustained global use, and it is unclear how they may impact current cytologic screening protocols. A number of new technologies show promise in addressing these issues, including molecular screening tools and alternative vaccine strategies.
General and Facile Coating of Single Cells via Mild Reduction (2017)

Cell surface modification has been extensively studied to enhance the efficacy of cell therapy. Still, general accessibility and versatility are remaining challenges to meet the increasing demand for cell-based therapy. Herein, we present a facile and universal cell surface modification method that involves mild reduction of disulfide bonds in cell membrane protein to thiol groups. The reduced cells are successfully coated with biomolecules, polymers, and nanoparticles for an assortment of applications, including rapid cell assembly, in vivo cell monitoring, and localized cell-based drug delivery. No adverse effect on cellular morphology, viability, proliferation, and metabolism is observed. Furthermore, simultaneous coating with polyethylene glycol and dexamethasone-loaded nanoparticles facilitates enhanced cellular activities in mice, overcoming immune rejection.