gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osteopontin regulates biomimetic calcium phosphate crystallization from disordered mineral layers covering apatite crystallites (2020)

Details of apatite formation and development in bone below the nanometer scale remain enigmatic. Regulation of mineralization was shown to be governed by the activity of non-collagenous proteins with many bone diseases stemming from improper activity of these proteins. Apatite crystal growth inhibition or enhancement is thought to involve direct interaction of these proteins with exposed faces of apatite crystals. However, experimental evidence of the molecular binding events that occur and that allow these proteins to exert their functions are lacking. Moreover, recent high-resolution measurements of apatite crystallites in bone have shown that individual crystallites are covered by a persistent layer of amorphous calcium phosphate. It is therefore unclear whether non-collagenous proteins can interact with the faces of the mineral crystallites directly and what are the consequences of the presence of a disordered mineral layer to their functionality. In this work, the regulatory effect of recombinant osteopontin on biomimetic apatite is shown to produce platelet-shaped apatite crystallites with disordered layers coating them. The protein is also shown to regulate the content and properties of the disordered mineral phase (and sublayers within it). Through solid-state NMR atomic carbon-phosphorous distance measurements, the protein is shown to be located in the disordered phases, reaching out to interact with the surfaces of the crystals only through very few sidechains. These observations suggest that non-phosphorylated osteopontin acts as regulator of the coating mineral layers and exerts its effect on apatite crystal growth processes mostly from afar with a limited number of contact points with the crystal.
Congruent MRI and Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Functional and Structural Imaging of Tumors (2002)

We present a combined near-infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system for the study of animal model tumors. A combined broadband steady-state and frequency domain optical spectroscopy apparatus was integrated with the MRI. The physiological properties of tissue rendered by MRI, including vascular volume fraction and water, were compared with chromophore concentrations as determined from the parameters obtained by optical measurements. DOS measurements provided oxy-hemoglobin, deoxy-hemoglobin, and water concentration locally in tumors. A method for co-registration of the information obtained by both modalities was developed. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the optically sampled volume was superimposed on the MR images, illustrating which tissue structure was probed optically. Finally, two optical contrast agents, indocyanine green (ICG) and methylene blue (MB), were employed and their kinetics were measured by DOS system from different locations on the tumor and compared with Gd-DTPA enhancement maps obtained from MRI.
Joint space-frequency optimization in multi user MIMO system (2004)

Herein, joint space-time multiplexing in a multi carrier multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system is considered. Previous results concerning the spatial multiplexing optimization are used to address the joint problem of carrier assignment and choice of beamforming weights in a multi user MIMO system. For practical reasons, the joint optimization is divided into two parts: subcarrier assignment based on beamformer characteristics to adjust the carrier load, followed by beamforming optimization with subcarrier reassignment. The goal is to minimize total downlink transmit power while keeping the fixed user data rates. The proposed multiplexing scheme is evaluated on a number of numerical examples.
Identification of a single ancestral CYP1B1 mutation in Slovak Gypsies (Roms) affected with primary congenital glaucoma (1999)

Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is an autosomal recessive eye disease that occurs at an unusually high frequency in the ethnic isolate of Roms (Gypsies) in Slovakia. Recently, we linked the disease in this population to the GLC3A locus on 2p21. At this locus, mutations in the cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) gene have been identified as a molecular basis for this condition. Here, we report the results of CYP1B1 mutation screening of 43 PCG patients from 26 Slovak Rom families. A homozygous G-->A transition at nucleotide 1505 in the highly conserved region of exon 3 was detected in all families. This mutation results in the E387K substitution, which affects the conserved K helix region of the cytochrome P450 molecule. Determination of the CYP1B1 polymorphic background showed a common DNA haplotype in all patients, thus indicating that the E387K mutation in Roms has originated from a single ancestral mutational event. The Slovak Roms represent the first population in which PCG is found to result from a single mutation in the CYP1B1 gene, so that a founder effect is the most plausible explanation of its increased incidence. An ARMS-PCR assay has been developed for fast detection of this mutation, thus allowing direct DNA based prenatal diagnosis as well as gene carrier detection in this particular population. Screening of 158 healthy Roms identified 17 (10.8%) mutation carriers, indicating that the frequency of PCG in this population may be even higher than originally estimated.
AB INITIO CALCULATIONS OF THE POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACES FOR THE UNIMOLECULAR DISSOCIATION REACTION OF ETHYLENE OXIDE (1997)

Ab initio calculations, including electron correlation, were employed to compute the geometries and energies of all stable C2H4O species, as well as four transition states along the potential surfaces connecting oxirane to the unimolecular dissociation products. The calculations indicate that the primary step in the major reaction observed experimentally is the isomerization of oxirane along the ground-state potential surface to acetaldehyde. Calculations indicate that the experimental reaction products are derived from unimolecular decomposition on the acetaldehyde S0 surface (CH4+CO) or, after intersystem crossing, along the lowest triplet state of acetaldehyde (CH3+HCO). Additional pathways connecting oxirane to a number of less energetically favorable ring-opened or fragmentation products are also presented. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An eleven-band stereoscopic camera system for accurate color and spectral reproduction (2013)

For accurate color and spectral reflectance reproduction, we propose a novel eleven-band acquisition system using a nine-view stereo camera. The proposed system consists of eight monochrome cameras with eight different narrow band-pass filters and an RGB camera. To generate an eleven-band image, the shapes of the nine captured stereo images are transformed to correct registration displacement caused by stereo parallax. In the process of correspondence search between stereo images, the phase-only correlation method (POC) is used. The most significant point of our method is that the captured RGB image is converted into narrow-band images for accurate correspondence search. The detected corresponding points are used for estimating parameters of image transformation and an eleven-band image is generated. By comparing with conventional method, experimental results show that the accuracy of correspondence detection and spectral reflection estimation is improved
Expanding CEP290 mutational spectrum in ciliopathies (2009)

Ciliopathies are an expanding group of rare conditions characterized by multiorgan involvement, that are caused by mutations in genes encoding for proteins of the primary cilium or its apparatus. Among these genes, CEP290 bears an intriguing allelic spectrum, being commonly mutated in Joubert syndrome and related disorders (JSRD), Meckel syndrome (MKS), Senior-Loken syndrome and isolated Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Although these conditions are recessively inherited, in a subset of patients only one CEP290 mutation could be detected. To assess whether genomic rearrangements involving the CEP290 gene could represent a possible mutational mechanism in these cases, exon dosage analysis on genomic DNA was performed in two groups of CEP290 heterozygous patients, including five JSRD/MKS cases and four LCA, respectively. In one JSRD patient, we identified a large heterozygous deletion encompassing CEP290 C-terminus that resulted in marked reduction of mRNA expression. No copy number alterations were identified in the remaining probands. The present work expands the CEP290 genotypic spectrum to include multiexon deletions. Although this mechanism does not appear to be frequent, screening for genomic rearrangements should be considered in patients in whom a single CEP290 mutated allele was identified.
Biogenetic-type synthesis of penicillin-cephalosporin antibiotics. I. Stereocontrolled synthesis of the penam- and cephem-ring systems from an acyclic tripeptide equivalent (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiogenetic-type synthesis of penicillin-cephalosporin antibiotics. I. Stereocontrolled synthesis of the penam- and cephem-ring systems from an acyclic tripeptide equivalentShinichi Nakatsuka, Hideo Tanino, and Yoshito KishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 17, 5008–5010Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00850a042RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views232Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (391 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
An enzyme-linked molecularly imprinted sorbent assay (2000)

Based on a molecularly imprinted polymer, a competitive binding assay analogous to competitive enzyme immunoassay has been developed. The assay is specific for the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and uses, for the first time, an enzyme-labelled conjugate as a tracer. The label tobacco peroxidase allowed for colorimetric and chemiluminescence detection. The molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesised in the form of microspheres by precipitation polymerisation. The polymer efficiently and selectively bound the analyte in aqueous solution. Calibration curves were obtained corresponding to analyte concentrations ranging from 40–600 μg mL−1 for the colorimetric assay, and from 1–200 μg mL−1 for chemiluminescence assay.
Age at first birth in women is genetically associated with increased risk of schizophrenia (2018)

Previous studies have shown an increased risk for mental health problems in children born to both younger and older parents compared to children of average-aged parents. We previously used a novel design to reveal a latent mechanism of genetic association between schizophrenia and age at first birth in women (AFB). Here, we use independent data from the UK Biobank (N = 38,892) to replicate the finding of an association between predicted genetic risk of schizophrenia and AFB in women, and to estimate the genetic correlation between schizophrenia and AFB in women stratified into younger and older groups. We find evidence for an association between predicted genetic risk of schizophrenia and AFB in women (P-value = 1.12E-05), and we show genetic heterogeneity between younger and older AFB groups (P-value = 3.45E-03). The genetic correlation between schizophrenia and AFB in the younger AFB group is -0.16 (SE = 0.04) while that between schizophrenia and AFB in the older AFB group is 0.14 (SE = 0.08). Our results suggest that early, and perhaps also late, age at first birth in women is associated with increased genetic risk for schizophrenia in the UK Biobank sample. These findings contribute new insights into factors contributing to the complex bio-social risk architecture underpinning the association between parental age and offspring mental health.
Reflective Planning Practice (2020)

Chapter 8. Decades ago, Norm Krumholz urged planners to address social and economic disparities by planning with a simple rule: take actions that benefit the least well off in the community. Portland, Oregon, made an explicit commitment to equity planning in 2012 as part of The Portland Plan, a strategic plan to realize a vision of “a prosperous, educated, healthy, and equitable Portland into the future”. Portland has national reputation among urban planners for its urban growth boundary, sustainability initiatives, and commitment to transit and bicycle planning. The Comp Plan development process was an opportunity to use public planning powers to address the provision of goods to less advantaged renters who were increasingly squeezed in the housing market, despite a huge development boom. Developing an inclusionary housing zoning regulation for Portland was one facet of the implementation program for agreed upon concept of “anti-displacement.” Developing the implementing regulations for the Comp Plan’s anti-displacement policies meant working in a space of considerable uncertainty.
A procedure for antenna array pattern synthesis (2005)

In this paper, a new iterative method for any shaped pattern synthesis for one- and two-dimensional antenna arrays is described. The object is to meet prescribed constraints on the power pattern, with an assumption on the number of antenna array elements at specified locations. The synthesis problem is solved using the method of projection on convex sets, by modeling the constraints in terms of convex sets whose elements are vectors representing the excitation coefficients. Two underlying frameworks used in solving the problem are the l <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Hilbert Space and an inner product space based on convolution. The synthesis procedure is implemented using a Fast Fourier Transform algorithm.
Astrocytes in the Ventrolateral Preoptic Area Promote Sleep (2020)

Although ventrolateral preoptic (VLPO) nucleus is regarded as a center for sleep promotion, the exact mechanisms underlying the sleep regulation are unknown. Here, we used optogenetic tools to identify the key roles of VLPO astrocytes in sleep promotion. Optogenetic stimulation of VLPO astrocytes increased sleep duration in the active phase in naturally sleep-waking adult male rats (<i>n</i> = 6); it also increased the extracellular ATP concentration (<i>n</i> = 3) and c-Fos expression (<i>n</i> = 3-4) in neurons within the VLPO. <i>In vivo</i> microdialysis analyses revealed an increase in the activity of VLPO astrocytes and ATP levels during sleep states (<i>n</i> = 4). Moreover, metabolic inhibition of VLPO astrocytes reduced ATP levels (<i>n</i> = 4) and diminished sleep duration (<i>n</i> = 4). We further show that tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), an ATP-degrading enzyme, plays a key role in mediating the somnogenic effects of ATP released from astrocytes (<i>n</i> = 5). An appropriate sample size for all experiments was based on statistical power calculations. Our results, taken together, indicate that astrocyte-derived ATP may be hydrolyzed into adenosine by TNAP, which may in turn act on VLPO neurons to promote sleep.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Glia have recently been at the forefront of neuroscience research. Emerging evidence illustrates that astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type, are the functional determinants for fates of neurons and other glial cells in the central nervous system. In this study, we newly identified the pivotal role of hypothalamic ventrolateral preoptic (VLPO) astrocytes in the sleep regulation, and provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the astrocyte-mediated sleep regulation.
Effects of Brake Pedal Horizontal Location of Hospital Beds on Force Exertions and Work Efficiency (2017)

The brake pedal on hospital beds is critical during bed maneuvering, however, substantial force and awkward postures are usually required during pedal engagement tasks. Nine professional caregivers were recruited to investigate how brake pedal horizontal location affected maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force, acceptable force to engage the pedal (AFE), force efficiency and task completion time. The results demonstrated reduced MVC, AFE and force efficiency whereas increased task completion time with greater pedal depths. Pedal depth was significantly correlated with MVC, force efficiency and task completion time and these correlations are moderate (0.25≤r&lt;0.50) or good (0.50≤r&lt;075). These findings provide important information for hospital bed design.
Cereulide synthetase gene cluster from emetic : Structure and location on a mega virulence plasmid related to toxin plasmid pXO1-0 (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Cereulide synthetase gene cluster from emetic : Structure and location on a mega virulence plasmid related to toxin plasmid pXO1"BMC Microbiology 2006;6():20-20.Published online 2 Mar 2006PMCID:PMC1459170.Copyright © 2006 Ehling-Schulz et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.regions showing homologies to toxin plasmids from group members are printed as hatched boxes. For details on CDS designation see Table 2. The bars refer to probes used to test the conservation of genes in the group (see Table 3) Inset: Structure of cereulide according to [13].
Prion formation by a yeast GLFG nucleoporin (2012)

The self-assembly of proteins into higher order structures is both central to normal biology and a dominant force in disease. Certain glutamine/asparagine (Q/N)-rich proteins in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae assemble into self-replicating amyloid-like protein polymers, or prions, that act as genetic elements in an entirely protein-based system of inheritance. The nuclear pore complex (NPC) contains multiple Q/N-rich proteins whose self-assembly has also been proposed to underlie structural and functional properties of the NPC. Here we show that an essential sequence feature of these proteins--repeating GLFG motifs--strongly promotes their self-assembly into amyloids with characteristics of prions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Nup100 can form bona fide prions, thus establishing a previously undiscovered ability of yeast GLFG nucleoporins to adopt this conformational state in vivo.
A 20.5 TOPS Multicore SoC With DNN Accelerator and Image Signal Processor for Automotive Applications (2019)

Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADASs) that provide machine support to avoid critical accidents are already in wide use in vehicles in today's market. SoCs for such systems have several requirements: 1) high computational performance to run several advanced algorithms at low latency; 2) low power consumption to permit running under the extreme heat and power conditions of real-world vehicles; and 3) high reliability to reduce the risk of serious accidents caused by faults. This article presents a novel SoC for ADAS applications, which resolves these difficult challenges. To achieve high performance with low power consumption, the SoC adopts the heterogeneous architecture, with ten processors, four DSPs, and eight types of accelerators, including the DNN accelerator and the image signal processor (ISP). To achieve higher reliability, the SoC implements several safety mechanisms, including system partitioning to prevent fault propagation, diagnostic features to detect faults, and a dedicated controller to operate runtime built-in self-test (BIST) of the ISP's diagnostic features during the vertical blanking interval (VBLANK). The SoC is implemented in a 16-nm process, and its size is 94.52 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Peak performance of 20.5 TOPS and low power consumption of 9.78 W are achieved.
Novel GaP-based dilute nitride Ga(NAsP)GaP laser material system (2005)

Realizing monolithic optoelectronic integrated circuits (OIECs) on silicon substrate would open up an exciting and completely new field of applications, i.e. optical interconnects at the chip level. In the past a lot of effort has been devoted to the growth of standard direct band gap III-V compound semiconductors on Si substrate, i.e. GaAs/Si or InP/Si. Due to the large lattice mismatch of these materials to the Si substrate large densities of threading dislocations are formed in the layers, preventing any long-term stable lasing operation of corresponding device structures. In this study the authors present a novel direct band gap material ( Ga(NAsP) ), which can be grown lattice-matched to GaP. Due to the similar lattice constant of GaP and Si, this novel material system might lead to the real monolithic integration of III/V-based optoelectronics and Si-based microelectronics in the near future
The design and analysis of graphical passwords (1999)

In this paper we propose and evaluate new graphical password schemes that exploit features of graphical input displays to achieve better security than text-based passwords. Graphical input devices enable the user to decouple the position of inputs from the temporal order in which those inputs occur, and we show that this decoupling can be used to generate password schemes with substantially larger #memorable# password spaces. In order to evaluate the security of one of our schemes, we devise a novel way to capture a subset of the #memorable&amp;quot; passwords that, we believe, is itself a contribution. In this work we are primarily motivated by devices such as personal digital assistants #PDAs# that o#er graphical input capabilities via a stylus, and we describe our prototype implementation of one of our password schemes on suchaPDA, namely the Palm Pilot TM . 1 Introduction For the vast majority of computer systems, passwords are the method of choice for authenticating users. It ...
Multiple-Access Channels with Distributed Channel State Information (2007)

This paper considers a multiple-access channel with two state components, where the first sender knows only the first state component, the second sender knows only the second component, and the receiver knows both components. The notion of adaptive-rate capacity is introduced to characterize the set of achievable rates when the state is fixed in each transmission block but can vary between blocks. Single-letter characterizations of the adaptive-rate capacity region for the discrete-memoryless and the Gaussian models are established. The expected adaptive sum-rate capacity is compared to the ergodic sum-rate capacities when the senders have complete and partial state information, and to the sum-rate capacity of the compound MAC. This comparison shows that the adaptive sum-rate capacity can be close to the ergodic capacity and much higher than the sum-rate capacity of the compound MAC.