gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tagging English by path voting constraints (1998)

We describe a constraint-based tagging approach where individual constraint rules vote on sequences of matching tokens and tags. Disambiguation of all tokens in a sentence is performed at the very end by selecting tags that appear on the path that receives the highest vote. This constraint application paradigm makes the outcome of the disambiguation independent of the rule sequence, and hence relieves the rule developer from worrying about potentially conflicting rule sequencing. The approach can also combine statistically and manually obtained constraints, and incorporate negative constraint rules to rule out certain patterns. We have applied this approach to tagging English text from the Wall Street Journal and the Brown Corpora. Our results from the Wall Street Journal Corpus indicate that with 400 statistically derived constraint rules and about 800 hand-crafted constraint rules, we can attain an average accuracy of 97.89% on the training corpus and an average accuracy of 97.50% on the testing corpus. We can also relax the single tag per token limitation and allow ambiguous tagging which lets us trade recall and precision.
Application of Impedance Spectroscopy and Surface Analysis to Obtain Oxide Film Thickness (2017)

The corrosion behavior of ASTM A416 steel in alkaline electrolyte was investigated by electrochemical and surface analysis approaches, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The power-law model was used to extract values for oxide film thickness from constant-phase-element (CPE) parameters obtained as functions of operating conditions. Calibration experiments showed that, despite different silicon content in nominally identical steels, different film thicknesses as observed by HAADF-STEM, and different impedance responses, three samples yielded a common value for ρδ, an important parameter in the power-law model. Application of Monte Carlo simulations showed that values of both ρδ and film thickness δ followed log normal distributions. Application of the power-law model allowed extraction of film thicknesses, yielding 2–6 nm for silicon-rich steel and 1–2 nm for silicon-poor steel.
A Computer-Assisted Internal Examination Training System using both Anatomical and Virtual Models (2011)

Welcome to the WIT Press eLibrary - the home of the Transactions of the Wessex Institute collection, providing on-line access to papers presented at the Institute's prestigious international conferences and from its State-of-the-Art in Science & Engineering publications.
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Cirrhotic Ascites (2022)

Background: The most prevalent infection in cirrhotic individuals is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Acute GI bleeding, a history of SBP, or low ascetic fluid protein contents are all risk factors for the development of SBP in cirrhotic individuals. The purpose of this study was to see if the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) could predict spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in individuals with liver cirrhosis. Patients and methods: This prospective, case-control and observational study was conducted at Internal Medicine Department, Zigzag University Hospitals during the period from June 2021 to March 2022. The study included 100 cirrhotic patients. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I included 50 cirrhotic patients with SBP (case group) and group II included 50 cirrhotic patients without SBP (control group). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was calculated for all patients. Results: In this study, there was statistically significant difference between the two studied groups in neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (group 1 had increased neutrophils and decreased lymphocytes than group 2). Conclusion: We can conclude the clinical utility of NLR as a biomarker predictive factor in the occurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) .
Molecular recognition via base pairing: amine-containing, cytosine-based ditopic receptors that complex guanosine monophosphate (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular recognition via base pairing: amine-containing, cytosine-based ditopic receptors that complex guanosine monophosphateHiroyuki Furuta, Darren Magda, and Jonathan L. SesslerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3, 978–985Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00003a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00003a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views435Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Surgical Learning Curve for Prostate Cancer Control After Radical Prostatectomy (2007)

As a surgeon's experience increases, cancer control after radical prostatectomy improves, presumably because of improved surgical technique. Further research is needed to examine the specific techniques used by experienced surgeons that are associated with improved outcomes.
Content Creation, Dissemination and Preservation: Disrupting the Status Quo through Technological Interventions (2020)

Disasters, either natural and man-made, adversely affect humanity including human lives and tangible<br> assets. Knowledge as the indisputable gold standard for growth and progress of civilization also<br> destroyed during such disasters. This should not impediment the creation of knowledge. Instead, efforts should be made to find measures which can ensure the longevity of resources for posterity. In<br> this paper, the authors have discussed tools after evaluation and comparison which can use by learners<br> and educators for creation, dissemination and preservation of e-content, especially multimedia. The<br> tools acknowledged for this motive are either cost-free or the basic version is free, or it offers<br> educators &amp; learners some extended free versions. This paper also highlights the resistance of Indian<br> educators to this changing essence of learning from conventional to online.
Laser backlighting LCD TV (2013)

Mitsubishi Electric Corporation developed and launched the commercial production of the laser backlight liquid crystal television set Real LaserVue model LCD-55LSR3 in June, 2012. The backlight of this television employs two kinds of light source. One is red laser and the other is cyan LED. Recently, white LEDs have been the mainstream as the light sources for liquid crystal television sets. Because of the light emitting characteristics of white LEDs, conventional liquid crystal televisions display insufficiently reproduce colors in the red color zone compared with the other colors. The characteristics of the emitted light of the red laser are significantly different from those of the cyan LED. The issue with using two types of light sources is how to mitigate color shifts. To solve this issue, the backlight of the Real LaserVue provides the red laser and the cyan LED with an individual light guide plate each. Applying the laser helped the Real LaserVue model LCD-55LSR3 expands its color reproducibility compared to our liquid crystal television sets that used white LEDs. The color reproducibility significantly improves particularly in the red color zone while becoming able to reproduce vivid red that was not completely possible before and to display various reds of slightly different color nuances.
Impact of Si Diffusion Barrier Layer Formed on TiN Surface by In Situ Oxygen Treatment Process for Advanced Gate-First Metal/High-k Stacks (2012)

We investigated the formation of Si barrier layer by an in-situ oxygen treatment process of TiN electrode surface before poly-Si deposition. The Si depth profile after post deposition annealing (PDA) showed that no Si diffused into oxidized stacks due to the formation of TiON layers as a Si-diffusion barrier. Moreover, a high effective work function (EWF) of 4.94 eV was obtained from the oxidized stack even after PDA at 1000oC. However, we observed significant growth of interfacial SiO2 after high temperature annealing. These results indicate a trade-off relationship between EWF control and equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) scaling, and imply that an additional method for EWF modulation is required for scaled high-k devices.
Insecticidal effects of natural products in free and encapsulated forms: an overview (2022)

In recent times, the interest in healthy foods reconsideration is rising again. Issues related to food protection and preservation for quality and safety improvements as well as longer shelf-life of products are of global concern. Additionally, the concern on hazards associated with pesticides use on human health and the environment is growing. Thus, actions targeting the investigation of potentially low-risk active substances and natural compounds for food conservation are needed. In this context, plant extracts including essential oils (EOs) have been recognized as important natural sources of pesticides with widespread range of activities. However, EOs are volatile, poorly soluble in water, and susceptible to degradation and oxidation. Therefore, essential oil encapsulation in delivery systems made of natural components seems to be a possible solution to overcome these restrictions. This review focuses on the insecticidal potential of encapsulated and free forms of EOs with particular emphasis on the types and characteristics of encapsulation systems loading natural insecticides.
High precision isotope shift measurement in helium (1991)

This paper reports a high precision measurement of the isotope shift for the 23S‐23P transition between 3He and 4He by a laser‐microwave spectroscopy technique. This experiment gives the most precise measurement of the isotope shift for a multielectron atom. The measured isotope shift agrees satisfactorily with the theoretical value.
Reactive Human-to-Robot Handovers of Arbitrary Objects (2020)

Human-robot object handovers have been an actively studied area of robotics over the past decade; however, very few techniques and systems have addressed the challenge of handing over diverse objects with arbitrary appearance, size, shape, and rigidity. In this paper, we present a vision-based system that enables reactive human-to-robot handovers of unknown objects. Our approach combines closed-loop motion planning with real-time, temporally-consistent grasp generation to ensure reactivity and motion smoothness. Our system is robust to different object positions and orientations, and can grasp both rigid and non-rigid objects. We demonstrate the generalizability, usability, and robustness of our approach on a novel benchmark set of 26 diverse household objects, a user study with naive users (N=6) handing over a subset of 15 objects, and a systematic evaluation examining different ways of handing objects. More results and videos can be found at https://sites.google.com/nvidia.com/handovers-of-arbitrary-objects.
External electroluminescence measurements of InGaAs∕InAlAs avalanche photodiodes (2007)

The external efficiency of electroluminescence resulting from hot-carrier recombination has been studied in an InGaAs∕InAlAs avalanche photodiode. An analytical model that quantifies this emission is presented. Experimental data suggest that the emission originates from an intrinsic layer above the multiplication region. This electroluminescence mechanism offers a novel way for frequency upconversion, where the upconverted frequency can be controlled with proper choice of device layers. Lastly, we report for the first time the optical absorption properties of In0.52Al0.48As.
Focus on Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Honoring Gert von Helden, Martin F. Jarrold, and David E. Clemmer, Recipients of the 2018 John B. Fenn Award for a Distinguished Contribution in Mass Spectrometry (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTFocus on Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Honoring Gert von Helden, Martin F. Jarrold, and David E. Clemmer, Recipients of the 2018 John B. Fenn Award for a Distinguished Contribution in Mass SpectrometryMichael T. BowersMichael T. Bowers University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USAMore by Michael T. Bowers, David H. RussellDavid H. RussellTexas A&M University, College Station, TX, USAMore by David H. Russell, and Veronica M. BierbaumVeronica M. BierbaumUniversity of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USAMore by Veronica M. BierbaumCite this: J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2019, 30, 6, 893–897Publication Date (Web):April 11, 2019Publication History Published online11 April 2019Published inissue 1 June 2019https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1007/s13361-019-02195-6https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-019-02195-6editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 © American Society for Mass Spectrometry 2019. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts
Chrysanthemum virus B: antibodies to structural protein in mammals and Mg2(+)-dependent reverse-transcriptase activity. (1989)

Human plasma has been found to contain antibodies reacting with the structural protein of chrysanthemum virus B (CV-B) and about 10 times less intensively with the structural protein of another carlavirus, the potato virus M. It has been shown that the antibodies bind to CV-B through their F(ab)2 fragments. No reaction with proteins of other plant viruses or retroviruses was observed. Antibodies reacting with CV-B protein are also present in the plasma of green monkey, goat, rabbit, and mouse, their level being somewhat lower than in man. In addition, Mg2(+)-dependent reverse transcriptase activity reaching maximum at 37 degrees C was detected in the CV-B preparations. It is suggested that humans and the mammals in question developed antibodies to CV-B which could enter into some enzymatic reactions at the body temperature.
Comparative Genomic Hybridization (1995)

Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) is a powerful molecular cytogenetic technique that permits assessment of DNA copy number on a genome-wide scale. Of note, this methodology uses tumor DNA as a probe for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to normal metaphase chromosomes and does not require dividing cells from the tumor specimen. This unit provides protocols for CGH, for preparation of metaphase chromosomes, tumor and normal DNAs for FISH and for the microscopy and image analysis of CGH experiments.
Detection of Attomolar Concentrations of Alkaline Phosphatase by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection (1996)

Alkaline phosphatase can be assayed by monitoring the conversion of the fluorogenic substrate AttoPhos into the highly fluorescent product AttoFluor. We have used capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection to monitor this reaction. The concentration limit of detection (3σ) of alkaline phosphatase is 1.5 × 10-17 M (2.1 fg/mL), which corresponds to a mass limit of detection of nine molecules (1.5 × 10-23 mol) contained within a 1-μL sample volume.
Abstract A32: GIGA-564, a third generation anti-CTLA-4 with minimal ability to block CTLA-4 binding to B7 ligands, has enhanced efficacy but reduced toxicity compared to ipilimumab in pre-clinical models (2022)

Abstract Anti-CTLA-4 antibodies such as ipilimumab were among the first immuno-oncology agents to show significantly improved outcomes for patients. However, existing anti-CTLA-4 therapies fail to induce a response in a majority of patients and can induce severe, immune-related adverse events. It has been assumed that checkpoint inhibition, i.e., blocking the interaction between CTLA-4 and its ligands, is the primary mechanism of action for ipilimumab. Here we present evidence that checkpoint inhibition may not be the primary mechanism of action for efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. Instead, the primary mechanism for efficacy may be FcR-mediated Treg depletion in the tumor microenvironment. First, we identified a monoclonal antibody (mAb), GIGA-564, that binds to CTLA-4 at an epitope that differs from ipilimumab’s by only a few amino acids, yet has limited checkpoint inhibitor activity. Surprisingly, GIGA-564 has superior anti-tumor activity compared to ipilimumab in a murine model. GIGA-564 also induces less Treg proliferation and has increased ability to induce in vitro FcR signaling and in vivo depletion of intratumoral Tregs. Further experiments showed that the enhanced FcR activity of GIGA-564 likely contributes to its enhanced anti-tumor activity. Importantly, we also showed that GIGA-564 was associated with lower toxicity in murine models. Our work suggests that new anti-CTLA-4 drugs should be optimized for Treg depletion rather than checkpoint inhibition. Citation Format: Erica L Stone, Kyle P Carter, Ellen K Wagner, Michael A Asensio, Emily Benzie, Yao Yuan Chiang, Garry L Coles, Chelsea Edgar, Bishal K Gautam, Ashley Gras, Jackson Leong, Renee Leong, Vishal A Manickam, Rena A Mizrahi, Ariel R Niedecken, Jasmeen Saini, Savreet K Sandhu, Jan Fredrick Simons, Kacy Stadtmiller, Brendan Tinsley, LaRee Tracy, Nicholas P Wayham, Yoong Wearn Lim, Adam S Adler, David S Johnson. GIGA-564, a third generation anti-CTLA-4 with minimal ability to block CTLA-4 binding to B7 ligands, has enhanced efficacy but reduced toxicity compared to ipilimumab in pre-clinical models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2022 Oct 21-24; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A32.
Development of Serine Protease Inhibitors Displaying a Multicentered Short (<2.3 Å) Hydrogen Bond Binding Mode:  Inhibitors of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator and Factor Xa (2001)

Novel scaffolds that bind to serine proteases through a unique network of short hydrogen bonds to the catalytic Ser195 have been developed. The resulting potent serine protease inhibitors were designed from lead molecule 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)1H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxamidine, 6b, which is known to display several modes of binding. For instance, 6b can recruit zinc and bind in a manner similar to that reported by bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane (BABIM) (Nature 1998, 391, 608-612).(1) Alternatively, 6b can bind in the absence of zinc through a multicentered network of short (<2.3 A) hydrogen bonds. The lead structure was optimized in the zinc-independent binding mode toward a panel of six human serine proteases to yield optimized inhibitors such as 2-(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamidine, 22a, and 2-(2-hydroxybiphenyl-3-yl)-1H-indole-5-carboxamidine, 22f. Structure-activity relationships determined that, apart from the amidine function, an indole or benzimidazole and an ortho substituted phenol group were also essential components for optimal potency. The affinities (K(i)) of 22a and 22f, for example, bearing these groups ranged from 8 to 600 nM toward a panel of six human serine proteases. High-resolution crystal structures revealed that the binding mode of these molecules in several of the enzymes was identical to that of 6b and involved short (<2.3 A) hydrogen bonds among the inhibitor hydroxyl oxygen, Ser195, and a water molecule trapped in the oxyanion hole. In summation, novel and potent trypsin-like serine protease inhibitors possessing a unique mode of binding have been discovered.
Retinoic acid receptor signaling is required to maintain glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion and β‐cell mass (2014)

Retinoic acid signaling is required for maintaining a range of cellular processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. We investigated the actions of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) signaling in pancreatic β-cells of adult mice. atRA signaling was ablated in β-cells by overexpressing a dominant-negative retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-α mutant (RARdn) using an inducible Cre-Lox system under the control of the pancreas duodenal homeobox gene promoter. Our studies establish that hypomorphism for RAR in β-cells leads to an age-dependent decrease in plasma insulin in the fed state and in response to a glucose challenge. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was also impaired in islets isolated from mice expressing RARdn. Among genes that are atRA responsive, Glut2 and Gck mRNA levels were decreased in isolated islets from RARdn-expressing mice. Histologic analyses of RARdn-expressing pancreata revealed a decrease in β-cell mass and insulin per β-cell 1 mo after induction of the RARdn. Our results indicate that atRA signaling mediated by RARs is required in the adult pancreas for maintaining both β-cell function and mass, and provide insights into molecular mechanisms underlying these actions.
Insights from an early-stage development mixed methods study on arts-based interventions for older adults following hospitalisation (2021)

This early development study provides a precursor and several imperative learning points to guide and inform future research in the area. Difficulties in recruitment and attrition were in part due to the barriers encountered when recruiting an incident cohort of vulnerable individuals post hospitalisation.