gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in Photonic Crystals and Devices (1998)

During the last few years a new class of materials has emerged, called photonic crystals, which provide capabilities along new dimensions for the control and manipulation of light. A photonic crystal affects the properties of light in much the same way that a semiconductor affects the properties of electrons. Consequently, photons in photonic crystals can have band-gaps, localized defect-states, surface-states, etc. This new ability to mold and guide light leads naturally to many novel applications of these materials as microphotonic devices and device components. An introductory survey including recent exciting developments in the field of photonic crystals is presented.
Design and Integration of Antennas for Launching RF Signals in Metallic Tubular Structures (2018)

In this paper, we report on finite element modeling of three types of antennas for launching the dominant waveguide mode into a cylindrical pipe. We show that a patch antenna on the inner surface located at any position can successfully launch the TE 11 mode into the pipes. The other two antenna types considered, a quarter wave probe and an inductive loop antenna, are not practical in this application.
Observer Performance in the Detection and Classification of Malignant Hepatic Nodules and Masses with CT Image-Space Denoising and Iterative Reconstruction (2015)

Purpose To determine if lower-dose computed tomographic (CT) scans obtained with adaptive image-based noise reduction (adaptive nonlocal means [ANLM]) or iterative reconstruction (sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction [SAFIRE]) result in reduced observer performance in the detection of malignant hepatic nodules and masses compared with routine-dose scans obtained with filtered back projection (FBP). Materials and Methods This study was approved by the institutional review board and was compliant with HIPAA. Informed consent was obtained from patients for the retrospective use of medical records for research purposes. CT projection data from 33 abdominal and 27 liver or pancreas CT examinations were collected (median volume CT dose index, 13.8 and 24.0 mGy, respectively). Hepatic malignancy was defined by progression or regression or with histopathologic findings. Lower-dose data were created by using a validated noise insertion method (10.4 mGy for abdominal CT and 14.6 mGy for liver or pancreas CT) and images reconstructed with FBP, ANLM, and SAFIRE. Four readers evaluated routine-dose FBP images and all lower-dose images, circumscribing liver lesions and selecting diagnosis. The jackknife free-response receiver operating characteristic figure of merit (FOM) was calculated on a per–malignant nodule or per-mass basis. Noninferiority was defined by the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference between lower-dose and routine-dose FOMs being less than −0.10. Results Twenty-nine patients had 62 malignant hepatic nodules and masses. Estimated FOM differences between lower-dose FBP and lower-dose ANLM versus routine-dose FBP were noninferior (difference: −0.041 [95% CI: −0.090, 0.009] and −0.003 [95% CI: −0.052, 0.047], respectively). In patients with dedicated liver scans, lower-dose ANLM images were noninferior (difference: +0.015 [95% CI: −0.077, 0.106]), whereas lower-dose FBP images were not (difference −0.049 [95% CI: −0.140, 0.043]). In 37 patients with SAFIRE reconstructions, the three lower-dose alternatives were found to be noninferior to the routine-dose FBP. Conclusion At moderate levels of dose reduction, lower-dose FBP images without ANLM or SAFIRE were noninferior to routine-dose images for abdominal CT but not for liver or pancreas CT. © RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
An Introduction to Multilayer Lamina Emergent Mechanisms (2011)

Multiple-layer lamina emergent mechanisms (MLEMs) are the mechanisms made from multiple sheets (lamina) of material with motion that emerges out of the fabrication plane. Understanding how layers are used in existing products and in nature provides insight into how MLEMs can also use layers to achieve certain tasks. The multilayered nature of MLEMs and the interactions between these layers show how the capabilities of MLEMs are enhanced and allow them to meet specific design objectives. Layer separation is one objective for which MLEMs are well-suited. Layer separation can have a variety of applications and there are a number of different ways to design a MLEM to achieve this objective.
On the detectivity of quantum-dot infrared photodetectors (2001)

We report on the analysis of thermally-limited operation of quantum-dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs). A device model is developed and used to calculate the QDIP detectivity as a function of the structural parameters, temperature, and applied voltage, as well as to determine the conditions for the detectivity maximum. The QDIP detectivity is compared with that of quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs). This work clarifies why the existing QDIPs are still inferior to QWIPs and shows that a significant improvement in the QDIP performance can be accomplished by the utilization of dense QD arrays with small QDs.
Pulsed laser damage to optical fibers (1985)

This paper describes some observations of pulsed laser damage to optical fibers with emphasis on a damage mode characterized as a linear fracture along the outer core of a fiber. Damage threshold data are presented which illustrate the effects of the focusing lens, end-surface preparation, and type of fiber. An explanation based on fiber-beam misalignment is given and is illustrated by a simple experiment and ray trace.
Inert ruthenium half-sandwich complexes with anticancer activity (2009)

In this study, we investigate the anticancer properties of an inert half-sandwich metal complex scaffold. UV melting experiments with duplex DNA and (1)H-NMR experiments with 9-ethylguanine reveal that the apoptotic ruthenium complex DW12 does not interact with DNA. On the other hand, diminishing the kinase inhibition properties of DW12 by methylating the maleimide nitrogen (DW12-Me) abolishes the anticancer activity. Furthermore, the incorporation of a fluorine into the pyridine moiety (NP309) improves the IC(50) value for glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) and at the same time the cytotoxicity, implying that the anticancer activity correlates with the inhibition of GSK-3 and maybe other not yet identified kinases. We demonstrate in Burkitt-like lymphoma (BJAB) cells that NP309 is not necrotic but induces apoptosis and that this apoptosis is mediated by a loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-9 processing, and is partly dependent on Bcl-2 expression. In addition, NP309 efficiently induces apoptosis in vincristine- and cytarabine-resistant human B-cell precursor cell lines.
Molecular mobility of nematic E7 confined to molecular sieves with a low filling degree (2010)

The nematic liquid crystalline mixture E7 was confined with similar filling degrees to molecular sieves with constant composition but different pore diameters (from 2.8 to 6.8 nm). Fourier transform infrared analysis proved that the E7 molecules interact via the cyanogroup with the pore walls of the molecular sieves. The molecular dynamics of the system was investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (10(-2)-10(9) Hz) covering a wide temperature range of approximately 200 K from temperatures well above the isotropic-nematic transition down to the glass transition of bulk E7. A variety of relaxation processes is observed including two modes that are located close to the bulk behavior in its temperature dependence. For all confined samples, two relaxation processes, at frequencies lower than the processes observed for the bulk, were detected. At lower temperatures, their relaxation rates have different temperature dependencies whereas at higher temperatures, they seem to collapse into one chart. The temperature dependence of the slowest process (S-process) obeys the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann law indicating a glassy dynamics of the E7 molecules anchored to the pore surface. The pore size dependence of both the Vogel temperature and fragility revealed a steplike transition around 4 nm pore size, which indicates a transition from a strong to a fragile behavior. The process with a relaxation rate in between the bulklike and the S-process (I-process) shows no dependence on the pore size. The agreement of the I-process with the behavior of a 5CB surface layer adsorbed on nonporous silica leads to the assignment of E7 molecules anchored at the outer surface of the microcrystals of the molecular sieves.
Cost and Outcome Analysis of Breast Reconstruction Paradigm Shift (2013)

Increased bilateral mastectomy for breast cancer treatment has generated an increased demand for bilateral breast reconstruction. This study examines changing patterns of reconstruction over the last decade to accommodate increased case volume and decreased morbidity associated with reconstruction. A single institution series of 3171 consecutive breast reconstruction cases of more than 10 years was divided into 2 periods, that is, 1999 to 2004 and 2005 to 2010. Bilateral breast reconstruction case volume increased 260% from 1999 to 2004 (n = 237) to 2005 to 2010 (n = 634). Mean patient age at diagnosis decreased by 7 years (P < 0.001). In 2005 to 2010, autologous reconstruction decreased from 60% to 26%, implant-based reconstruction increased from 40% to 74%. There was a noted increase in single-stage implant reconstruction and selective application of perforator flaps for bilateral autologous reconstruction (P < 0.001). Two-staged tissue expander reconstruction accounted for the greatest share of total cost (45%) in the later period. A younger patient demographic and increased case volume were accommodated through increased single-staged and prosthesis-based procedures.
Reactivity of Lattice Oxygen in Ti-Site-Substituted SrTiO3 Perovskite Catalysts (2023)

An environmental catalyst in which a transition metal (Mn, Fe, or Co) was substituted into the Ti site of the host material, SrTiO<sub>3</sub>, was synthesized, and the reactivity of lattice oxygen was evaluated. For CO oxidation, Mn- and Co-doped SrTiO<sub>3</sub> catalysts, which provided high thermal stabilities, exhibited higher activities than Pt/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts despite their low surface areas. Temperature-programmed reduction experiments using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements showed that the lattice oxygen of Co-doped catalyst was released at the lowest temperature. Isotopic experiments with CO and <sup>18</sup>O<sub>2</sub> revealed that the lattice oxygen was involved in CO oxidation on Fe- and Co-doped catalysts; that is, CO oxidation on these catalysts proceeded via the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism. On the other hand, for Mn-doped catalyst, the contribution of lattice oxygen to CO oxidation was relatively negligible, indicating that the reaction proceeded according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. This paper clearly demonstrates that the catalytic mechanism can be adjusted by substituting transition metals into SrTiO<sub>3</sub>.
A reconfigurable accelerator for neuromorphic object recognition (2012)

Advances in neuroscience have enabled researchers to develop computational models of auditory, visual and learning perceptions in the human brain. HMAX, which is a biologically inspired model of the visual cortex, has been shown to outperform standard computer vision approaches for multi-class object recognition. HMAX, while computationally demanding, can be potentially applied in various applications such as autonomous vehicle navigation, unmanned surveillance and robotics. In this paper, we present a reconfigurable hardware accelerator for the time-consuming S2 stage of the HMAX model. The accelerator leverages spatial parallelism, dedicated wide data buses with on-chip memories to provide an energy efficient solution to enable adoption into embedded systems. We present a systolic array-based architecture which includes a run-time reconfigurable convolution engine which can perform multiple variable-sized convolutions in parallel. An automation flow is described for this accelerator which can generate optimal hardware configurations for a given algorithmic specification and also perform run-time configuration and execution seamlessly. Experimental results on Virtex-6 FPGA platforms show 5X to 11X speedups and 14X to 33X higher performance-per-Watt over a CNS-based implementation on a Tesla GPU.
Exploring the validity of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) with established emotions measures. (2006)

Emotions measures represent an important means of obtaining construct validity evidence for emotional intelligence (EI) tests because they have the same theoretical underpinnings. Additionally, the extent to which both emotions and EI measures relate to intelligence is poorly understood. The current study was designed to address these issues. Participants (N = 138) completed the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), two emotions measures, as well as four intelligence tests. Results provide mixed support for the model hypothesized to underlie the MSCEIT, with emotions research and EI measures failing to load on the same factor. The emotions measures loaded on the same factor as intelligence measures. The validity of certain EI components (in particular, Emotion Perception), as currently assessed, appears equivocal.
Increased expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in the esophagus increases engraftment of bone marrow origin stem cells following irradiation (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

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Irradiation damage to the esophagus increases apoptosis beginning 5 days after irradiation followed by denuding of the mucosa at approximately 7 days. To determine whether pretreatment with manganese superoxide dismutase-plasmid/liposome (MnSOD-PL) prevented apoptosis following irradiation, C57BL/6NHsd mice were intraesophageally injected with MnSOD-PL and irradiated 24 hours later to 30 Gy to the upper body, and sacrificed 1, 3 or 5 days later. The esophagus was removed, fixed in OCT, sectioned and stained with a Tunel assay for apoptosis. No apoptosis was detected until 5 days after irradiation. Pre-treatment with MnSOD-PL resulted in decreased apoptosis. Lipid peroxidation following irradiation of the esophagus was measured. C57BL/6NHsd mice received intraesophageal MnSOD-PL (200 μg plasmid DNA) and were irradiated 24 hours later along with control mice to 30 Gy to the esophagus. The esophagus was removed at various time points following irradiation and lipid peroxidation measured. There was delayed lipid peroxidation detected 7 days after irradiation. Lipid peroxidation increased in control irradiated mice, but was not detected in MnSOD-PL treated then irradiated mice. Mice pretreated with MnSOD-PL had significantly decreased lipid peroxidation on days 7 and 14 following irradiation compared to control plasmid treated mice (p=0.0053 or 0.0110). To determine if pretreatment of MnSOD-PL allowed successful engraftment of stem cells following irradiation, mice were injected in traesophageally with MnSOD-PL (200 μg plasmid DNA) 24 hours before irradiation to 30 Gy. The mice were then injected I.V. with ROSA (LacZ+) male bone marrow cells at day 1, 3 or 5 after irradiation and sacrificed 14 days later. The esophagus was excised and digested to single cell suspensions, side population (SP) stem cells as well as non-SP cells separated by flow cytometry of Hoechst stained cells. Cells were then analyzed for expression of LacZ. Mice injected with SP cells on day 5 after irradiation had the greatest engraftment of cells positive for the LacZ gene. MnSOD-PL treatment before irradiation further increased engraftment of LacZ positive cells compared to control irradiated mice. The results indicate that pretreatment with MnSOD-PL 24 hours before irradiation results in increased engraftment of stem cells into the irradiated esophagus, associated with reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) , decreased apoptosis and decreased lipid peroxidation.
Computational modeling of nitric oxide transport and consumption in blood vessels (2003)

A two-dimensional, multi-cellular model, that describes the transport and consumption of Nitric oxide (NO) in blood vessels and the surrounding tissue, is developed. Unlike previous models of this system, the model developed here accounts explicitly for the presence of, and interactions among, a population of red blood cells (RBCs) inside the lumen of the blood vessel, and is, therefore, better suited to quantify the transport barriers that reduce the rate of NO consumption in the blood. The model uses experimentally-derived parameters and consists of several sets of partial differential equations (PDEs) that describe the production, diffusion, and consumption of NO in different regions inside and around the vessel. The PDEs are coupled through the boundary conditions that govern the flux and concentration of NO at the interfaces between the different regions. The entire set of PDEs is solved for NO concentration, using efficient finite-element algorithms, and the results are used to assess the contribution of each transport barrier to the overall resistance for NO uptake in the blood.
Through-Glass Vias for MEMS Packaging (2018)

Novelty / Progress Claims We have developed a new method for fabrication of through-glass vias (TGVs). The method allows rapid filling of via holes with metal rods both in thin and thick glass substrates. Background Vertical electrical feedthroughs in glass substrates, i.e. TGVs, are often required in wafer-scale packaging of MEMS that utilizes glass lids. The current methods of making TGVs have drawbacks that prevent the full utilization of the excellent properties of glass as a package material, e.g. low RF losses. Magnetic assembly has been used earlier to fabricate through-silicon vias (TSVs), and in this work we extend this method to realize TGVs [1]. Methods The entire TGV fabrication process is maskless, and the processes used include: direct patterning of wafer metallization using femtosecond laser ablation, magnetic-fieldassisted self-assembly of metal wires into via holes, and solder-paste jetting of bump bonds on TGVs. Results We demonstrate that: (1) the magnetically assembled TGVs have a low resistance, which makes them suitable even for low-loss and high-current applications; (2) the magneticassembly process can be parallelized in order to increase the wafer-scale fabrication speed; (3) the magnetic assembly produces void-free metal filling for TGVs, which allows solder placement directly on top of the TGV for the purpose of high integration density; and (4) good thermal-expansion compatibility between TGV metals and glass substrates is possible with the right choice of materials, and several suitable metals-glass pairs are identified for possible improvement of package reliability [2]. [1] M. Laakso et al., IEEE 30th Int. Conf. on MEMS, 2017. DOI:10.1109/MEMSYS.2017.7863517 [2] M. Laakso et al., “Through-Glass Vias for Glass Interposers and MEMS Packaging Utilizing Magnetic Assembly of Microscale Metal Wires,” manuscript in preparatio
Instant Adaptive Learning: An Adaptive Filter Based Fast Learning Model Construction for Sensor Signal Time Series Classification on Edge Devices (2020)

Construction of learning model under computational and energy constraints, particularly in highly limited training time requirement is a critical as well as unique necessity of many practical IoT applications that use time series sensor signal analytics for edge devices. Yet, majority of the state-of-the-art algorithms and solutions attempt to achieve high performance objective (like test accuracy) irrespective of the computational constraints of real-life applications. In this paper, we propose Instant Adaptive Learning that characterizes the intrinsic signal processing properties of time series sensor signals using linear adaptive filtering and derivative spectrum to efficiently construct a low-cost learning model followed by standard classification algorithms. Our empirical studies on a number of time series sensor signals from publicly available time series database (UCR) demonstrate that with slight trade-off in performance, the proposed method achieves very fast learning capability.
Silicon Photonic Waveguides and Devices for Near- and Mid-IR Applications (2015)

Silicon photonics has been a very buoyant research field in the last several years mainly because of its potential for telecom and datacom applications. However, prospects of using silicon photonics for sensing in the mid-IR have also attracted interest lately. In this paper, we present our recent results on waveguide-based devices for near- and mid-infrared applications. The silicon-on-insulator platform can be used for wavelengths up to 4 μm; therefore, different solutions are needed for longer wavelengths. We show results on passive Si devices such as couplers, filters, and multiplexers, particularly for extended wavelength regions and finally present integration of photonics and electronics integrated circuits for high-speed applications.
Soluble-Polymer-Supported Synthesis ofβ-Lactams on a Modified Poly(ethylene glycol) (2000)

A modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been developed for the soluble-polymer-supported synthesis of beta-lactams. The monomethylether of PEG (MeOPEG) with an average M(W) of 5000 was used as the support, a 4-(3-propyl)phenyl residue as the spacer, and a 4-oxyphenylamino group as the moiety with the reactive functionality. From this modified PEG representative aromatic, heteroaromatic, unsaturated, and aliphatic imines were obtained in high yields by different procedures. The polymer-supported imines were then employed to prepare several beta-lactams by enolate/imine condensation and ketene/imine cycloaddition. Examples of the control of the absolute stereochemistry during the azetidinone ring formation are also reported. The reactions carried out on the polymer-bound imines showed a remarkable similarity to those performed on nonimmobilized imines, both in terms of yields and stereoselectivities. Removal of the beta-lactams from the polymer has also been accomplished to directly deliver the N-unsubstituted azetidinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Antisense Oligonucleotides: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.