gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Origin and Control of Pandemic Influenza (2000)

In 1918 an epidemic of influenza killed 20 million people worldwide. Spanish flu, as it was called, was a horrific disease. The flu would start with headaches, muscular pain, and fever. These would be rapidly followed by vomiting, dizziness, labored breathing, and profuse sweating. Sometimes purple blisters would appear on the skin, and often blood would spurt out of the nose from hemorrhages in the lungs. Some of the victims of this dreadful, sudden, and unexpected illness went into violent fits of coughing. Death often followed, sometimes only hours after the first symptoms appeared.
Measurement of Temperature Distributions of Liquid Package Bags Made of Plastic Films During Heat Sealing Using Infrared Thermography (2000)

The temperatures on the surfaces of heat-sealed areas in liquid packaging bags made of laminated plastic films were measured to investigate temperatures and rates of fluid filling into the bags suitable for the heat sealing. Thermal images were taken immediately after heat sealing using an infrared thermography technique at heat-sealing temperatures in the range of 100 and 190℃ at rates of film feed in the range of 10 and 25m/min in a automatic packing machine. After the tests, the relationship between the distributions of temperatures obtained from the images and adhesive property between the components consisting laminated plastic films in heat-sealed areas was investigated. The results showed that the distributions of temperatures on the surfaces of heat-sealed areas can be used to evaluate the adhesive property.
Guidelines for Naming Nonprimate APOBEC3 Genes and Proteins (2008)

International audience
LIVING COUPLING REACTION IN LIVING CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION. 4. SYNTHESIS OF TELECHELIC POLYISOBUTYLENES USING BIS-FURANYL DERIVATIVES AS COUPLING AGENTS† (2000)

Abstract The synthesis of telechelic polyisobutylenes (PIB) by coupling with 2,5-bis-(2-furyl-2-propyl)furan is described. Hydroxyl telechelic PIB with controlled molecular weight was obtained by haloboration-initiation of isobutylene (IB) with a BCl3/BBr3 mixture, followed by coupling of the living ends and oxidation of the (CH3O)2B- end groups with H2O2 in alkaline tetrahydrofuran. Vinyl telechelic PIBs were prepared by coupling living PIB obtained using a novel vinyl functional initiator 5-chloro-3,3,5-trimethyl-1-hexene in conjunction with TiCl4 in hexanes/CH3Cl (60/40, v/v) at −80°C. Chlorosilyl telechelic PIBs were synthesized for the first time by employing chlorosilyl Functional initiators (1-chloro-1-methyl)ethyl-3-(1-dichloro-methylsilyl-methyl)ethylbenzene and 1-methyldichlorosilyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-chloro-hexane in conjunction with TiCl4 in hexanes/CH3Cl (60/40, v/v) at −80°C. After coupling, the dichlorosilyl groups were converted to dimethoxysilyl groups upon quenching with methanol. The bis-dimethoxysilyl telechelic PIBs were crosslinked by moisture at room temperature in the presence of catalytic amounts of tin(II) 2-ethyl-hexanoate. Extraction of the crosslinked samples with hexanes resulted in negligible soluble content, indicating essentially quantitative crosslinking. † Part 3: Ref. Citation[10] Keywords: HydroxylVinylChlorosilylTelechelicPolyisobutyleneCouplingCrosslinkingMoisture-Curing ACKNOWLEDGMENT Support by the Dow Corning Corporation is gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge Ms. Irene Li for her collaboration in the crosslinking experiments of allyl-telechelic PIB and Dr. Aroop Roy for his discussions with Toshio Suzuki. Notes † Part 3: Ref. Citation[10]
Upgrading biomass pyrolysis vapors over β-zeolites: role of silica-to-alumina ratio (2014)

This study investigates the role of β-zeolite acid site density on hydrocarbon and coke yields.
Data from Anti–Programmed Death-1 Synergizes with Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor–Secreting Tumor Cell Immunotherapy Providing Therapeutic Benefit to Mice with Established Tumors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The purpose of the present study was to evaluate granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)–secreting tumor cell immunotherapy, which is known to stimulate potent and long-lasting antigen-specific immune responses, in combination with PD-1 blockade, which has been shown to augment cellular immune responses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Survival studies were done in the B16 melanoma and CT26 colon carcinoma tumor models. Immune monitoring studies were done in the B16 model. GM-CSF–secreting tumor cell immunotherapy was administered s.c. and the anti–PD-1 antibody was administered i.p.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The studies reported here show that combining PD-1 blockade with GM-CSF–secreting tumor cell immunotherapy prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing animals compared with animals treated with either therapy alone. Prolonged survival correlated with strong antigen-specific T-cell responses detected by tetramer staining and an &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; CTL assay, higher secretion levels of proinflammatory cytokines by splenocytes, and the persistence of functional CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, in the biweekly multiple treatment setting, repeated antigen-specific T-cell expansion was only observed following administration of the cellular immunotherapy with the PD-1 blockade and not when the cellular immunotherapy or PD-1 blockade was used as monotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The combination of PD-1 blockade with GM-CSF–secreting tumor cell immunotherapy leads to significantly improved antitumor responses by augmenting the tumor-reactive T-cell responses induced by the cellular immunotherapy. Readministration of the cellular immunotherapy with the anti–PD-1 antibody in subsequent immunotherapy cycles was required to reactivate these T-cell responses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Multi-User Massive MIMO Properties in Urban-Macro Channel Measurements (2019)

In this work we evaluate urban macro single input multiple output (SIMO) channel measurement performed at 3.7 GHz in Berlin city. In the evaluation we focus on spatial correlation of multi-user channels for varying user densities and distributions in line of sight (LOS) and non line of sight (NLOS) scenarios Therefore, we calculate the correlation matrices, i.e. the covariance matrix of the macro-BS antenna across subsequent channel samples in time. In addition, we estimate the Shannon sum-rate and user data rate distributions for different antenna configurations to clarify fifth generation (5G) performance gains due to spatial multiplexing in a realistic environment.
Understanding images of textured surfaces (1992)

The use of local spatial frequency (LSF) methods for analysis of texture images is explored. Analyses and solutions of three specific problems are presented: (1) the measurement of the fractal dimension of images locally and accurately; (2) the measurement of the three-dimensional orientation of planar textured surfaces; (3) the computation of the three-dimensional shape of curved textured surfaces. The solutions presented apply to surfaces with both rough and reflectance textures. All solutions have been implemented and tested on images of real surfaces, including ones with complex, irregular textures. The novelty of the work is in the use of LSF representations as the basis for the required computations. An LSF representation of any texture can be computed easily with low-level, parallelizable, decision-free computations. This is an advantage over traditional texture-element and edge-element based methods which require pre-processing that is more complex, higher-level, not decision-free, and not applicable to all textures. The methods presented can use different LSF representations; however, Gabor wavelet decompositions are favored for their sampling efficiency and optimal joint localization in the spatial and spatial-frequency domains, which results in highly localized, accurate measurements. By finding LSF-based solutions to three different vision problems, this work provides support for the hypothesis that the computation of LSF information is a general-purpose stage in low-level vision. This work develops novel texture projection models that describe the relationship of image LSF's, surface LSF's, and surface geometry; these models are potentially applicable to other vision problems as well.
The adherens junctions control susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin (2015)

Staphylococcus aureus is both a transient skin colonizer and a formidable human pathogen, ranking among the leading causes of skin and soft tissue infections as well as severe pneumonia. The secreted bacterial α-toxin is essential for S. aureus virulence in these epithelial diseases. To discover host cellular factors required for α-toxin cytotoxicity, we conducted a genetic screen using mutagenized haploid human cells. Our screen identified a cytoplasmic member of the adherens junctions, plekstrin-homology domain containing protein 7 (PLEKHA7), as the second most significantly enriched gene after the known α-toxin receptor, a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10). Here we report a new, unexpected role for PLEKHA7 and several components of cellular adherens junctions in controlling susceptibility to S. aureus α-toxin. We find that despite being injured by α-toxin pore formation, PLEKHA7 knockout cells recover after intoxication. By infecting PLEKHA7(-/-) mice with methicillin-resistant S. aureus USA300 LAC strain, we demonstrate that this junctional protein controls disease severity in both skin infection and lethal S. aureus pneumonia. Our results suggest that adherens junctions actively control cellular responses to a potent pore-forming bacterial toxin and identify PLEKHA7 as a potential nonessential host target to reduce S. aureus virulence during epithelial infections.
Aktualisierte Empfehlungen zur Sonographie im Rahmen der urogynäkologischen Diagnostik (2004)

Die Sonographie ist ein unverzichtbarer Bestandteil der urogynäkologischen Diagnostik. Dabei werden vor allem die Perineal-, die Introitus- und die Endoanalsonographie verwendet. Die Position und die Mobilität des Blasenhalses können beurteilt werden. Bei der Abklärung von Drangsymptomen können manchmal Urethradivertikel, Myome und Zysten in der Vaginalwand mit dem Ultraschall erkannt werden und dann zu einer weiterführenden Diagnostik Anlass geben. Das Gleiche gilt für Blasendivertikel, Blasentumoren, Fremdkörper in der Blase und bullöse Ödeme. Mit der Endoanalsonographie können die verschiedenen Anteile des analen Sphinkters beurteilt werden. Empfehlungen für ein standardisiertes Vorgehen beim Einsatz von Ultraschall werden gegeben.
Solid effect in the electron spin dressed state: A new approach for dynamic nuclear polarization (2000)

We describe a new type of solid effect for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) that is based on simultaneous, near resonant microwave (mw) and radio frequency (rf) irradiation of a coupled electron nuclear spin system. The interaction of the electron spin with the mw field is treated as an electron spin dressed state. In contrast to the customary laboratory frame solid effect, it is possible to obtain nuclear polarization with the dressed state solid effect (DSSE) even in the absence of nonsecular hyperfine coupling. Efficient, selective excitation of dressed state transitions generates nuclear polarization in the nuclear laboratory frame on a time scale of tens of μs, depending on the strength of the electron–nuclear coupling, the mw and rf offset and field strength. The experiment employs both pulsed mw and rf irradiation at a repetition rate comparable to T1e−1, where T1e is the electronic spin lattice relaxation time. The DSSE is demonstrated on a perdeuterated BDPA radical in a protonated matrix of polystyrene.
The p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB is a molecular target for radiation sensitization of human squamous carcinoma cells (2004)

The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is activated in response to various stimuli including ionizing radiation. Disruption of NF-kappaB activation by mutant forms of the NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaB-alpha or by proteasome inhibitors enhances both sensitivity to radiation and radiation-induced apoptosis. Human squamous carcinoma SCC-35 cells stably expressing a fragment (residues 1 to 84) of human p65 have been shown to exhibit down-regulation of both endogenous p65 mRNA and its protein. The mutant protein also inhibited radiation-induced NF-kappaB activation by preventing the proteolysis of IkappaB-alpha. This resulted in enhancement of cellular radiosensitivity and radiation-induced apoptosis. The NH(2)-terminal region of p65 is thus a potential molecular target for disruption of NF-kappaB activation and sensitization of tumors to radiotherapy.
NRF2 regulates serine biosynthesis in non–small cell lung cancer (2015)

Tumors have high energetic and anabolic needs for rapid cell growth and proliferation, and the serine biosynthetic pathway was recently identified as an important source of metabolic intermediates for these processes. We integrated metabolic tracing and transcriptional profiling of a large panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines to characterize the activity and regulation of the serine/glycine biosynthetic pathway in NSCLC. Here we show that the activity of this pathway is highly heterogeneous and is regulated by NRF2, a transcription factor frequently deregulated in NSCLC. We found that NRF2 controls the expression of the key serine/glycine biosynthesis enzyme genes PHGDH, PSAT1 and SHMT2 via ATF4 to support glutathione and nucleotide production. Moreover, we show that expression of these genes confers poor prognosis in human NSCLC. Thus, a substantial fraction of human NSCLCs activates an NRF2-dependent transcriptional program that regulates serine and glycine metabolism and is linked to clinical aggressiveness.
Comparison of crystal structures of human type 3 3α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase reveals an “induced‐fit” mechanism and a conserved basic motif involved in the binding of androgen (2005)

The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) human type 3 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (h3alpha-HSD3, AKR1C2) plays a crucial role in the regulation of the intracellular concentrations of testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT), two steroids directly linked to the etiology and the progression of many prostate diseases and cancer. This enzyme also binds many structurally different molecules such as 4-hydroxynonenal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and indanone. To understand the mechanism underlying the plasticity of its substrate-binding site, we solved the binary complex structure of h3alpha-HSD3-NADP(H) at 1.9 A resolution. During the refinement process, we found acetate and citrate molecules deeply engulfed in the steroid-binding cavity. Superimposition of this structure with the h3alpha-HSD3-NADP(H)-testosterone/acetate ternary complex structure reveals that one of the mobile loops forming the binding cavity operates a slight contraction movement against the citrate molecule while the side chains of many residues undergo numerous conformational changes, probably to create an optimal binding site for the citrate. These structural changes, which altogether cause a reduction of the substrate-binding cavity volume (from 776 A(3) in the presence of testosterone/acetate to 704 A(3) in the acetate/citrate complex), are reminiscent of the "induced-fit" mechanism previously proposed for the aldose reductase, another member of the AKR superfamily. We also found that the replacement of residues Arg(301) and Arg(304), localized near the steroid-binding cavity, significantly affects the 3alpha-HSD activity of this enzyme toward 5alpha-DHT and completely abolishes its 17beta-HSD activity on 4-dione. All these results have thus been used to reevaluate the binding mode of this enzyme for androgens.
Metal–Organic Frameworks as Micromotors with Tunable Engines and Brakes (2016)

Herein, we report that UiO-type (UiO = University of Oslo) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can be transformed into self-propelled micromotors by employing several different metal-based propulsion systems. Incorporation of a bipyridine ligand into the UiO-67 lattice transforms the crystallites, upon metalation, into single-site, metal-based catalytic “engines” to power the micromotors with chemical fuel. The “engine performance” (i.e., propulsion) of the single-site powered micromotors has been tuned by the choice of the metal ion utilized. In addition, a chemical “braking” system was achieved by adding chelating agents capable of sequestering the metal ion engines and thereby suppressing the catalytic activity, with different chelators displaying different deceleration capacities. These results demonstrate that MOFs can be powered by various engines and halted by different brakes, resulting in a high degree of motion design and control at the nanoscale.
UWB Radar for through Foliage Imaging using Cyclic Prefix-based OFDM (2021)

This paper proposes the use of sufficient cyclic prefix (CP) OFDM synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for foliage penetration (FOPEN). The foliage introduces phase and amplitude fluctuation which cause the sidelobes to increase and affects the final image of the obscured targets. The wideband CP-based OFDM SAR inherently eliminates the sidelobes that arise from the interference between targets on the same range line. The integrated sidelobe level ratio (ISLR) of the CP-based OFDM signal along the range direction is lower than that of the random noise signal by 2 dB for foliage penetration application, while the peak sidelobe level ratio (PSLR) are almost the same of both of the two signals.
Advanced paris altimeter based on delay compensation of Doppler Waveforms (2009)

Measuring ocean mesoscale variability is one of the main objectives of next generation satellite altimeters. Among the alternative solutions proposed to overcome the limitations of conventional altimeters, the PARIS concept has been proposed, which exploits GNSS signals reflected from the ocean surface and allows performing altimetry along several points simultaneously over a wide swath with sub-decimeter accuracy in spatial scales of 50-100 Km. The present paper proposes to adopt for a PARIS altimeter a multilook unfocused Doppler processing in order to improve height precision and accuracy. The proposed processing concept is a simplified extension to PARIS of the delay/Doppler processing adopted in conventional radar altimetry. The analyses reported in the paper show that, for open access GPS L5 navigation signal, an improvement of height precision up to 30% could be achieved without modifications to the RF front-end.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Novel Druglike Corticotropin-Releasing Factor 1 Antagonists (2008)

To identify new CRF(1) receptor antagonists, an attempt to modify the bis-heterocycle moiety present in the top region of the dihydropyrrole[2,3]pyridine template was made following new pharmacophoric hypothesis on the CRF(1) receptor antagonists binding pocket. In particular, the 2-thiazole ring, present in the previous series of compounds, was replaced by more hydrophilic non aromatic heterocycles able to make appropriate H-bond interactions with amino acid residues Thr192 and Tyr195. This exploration, followed by an accurate analysis of the substitution of the pendant aryl ring, enabled to identify in vitro potent compounds showing excellent pharmacokinetics and outstanding in vivo activity in animal models of anxiety, both in rodents and primates.
Abstract 3229: Triggering anti-tumor immune response with a nanotherapeutic that targets TLR9 and STAT3 pathways (2023)

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have provided long-lasting response but only in a small subset of cancer patients. To address this shortcoming, we developed a nanotherapeutic (AIRISE-02) that can manipulate both cancer cells and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to successful production of anti-tumor T cells that promote ICIs’ response. AIRISE-02 (Augmenting Immune Response and Inhibiting Suppressive Environment of tumors) is our patented polymer-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (Pdx-NPTM) that co-delivers immunostimulant CpG and siRNA against signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (siSTAT3). CpG is a widely used adjuvant that activates antigen presenting cells (APCs) to process and present tumor antigens. STAT3 contributes to progression, metastasis, and immune escape of cancer cells. STAT3 also has roles in immunosuppressive TME, by inhibiting maturation and activation of APCs, suppressing M1 macrophage polarization, and mediating immunosuppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. AIRISE-02 can be given both intratumorally and systemically. In bilateral B16F10 melanoma and MC38 colon cancer models, three intratumoral injections of AIRISE-02 to one tumor inhibit both treated and untreated distal tumors. When combined with ICIs against PD-1 and CTLA-4, AIRISE-02 leads to long term cure in 63% of mice with B16F10 tumors and 43% of mice with MC38 colon tumors (while ICIs alone provides no cure in B16F10 and 17% cure in MC38 tumor mice). In the tumor rechallenge study at 6 months post-cure, B16F10 mice reject new B16F10 tumors, while allowing LLC-JSP lung tumors to grow, suggesting tumor-specific immune memory effect. Through antibody depletion studies, AIRISE-02’s activity is shown to be highly dependent on CD8+ T cells and IFN-ɣ, while slightly dependent on B cells and NK cells. Strikingly, depleting CD4+ T cells strongly boosts AIRISE-02’s activity, which is likely due to depleting regulatory T cells. Effectiveness of AIRISE-02 is owing to the ability of Pdx-NPTM to retain and protect oligonucleotide cargos in the tumors; e.g., 50% of injected siRNA dose remained at three days with Pdx-NP vs. 2% when given as free siRNA. In addition to STAT3, our platform technology can be tailored to other important therapeutic targets with the power of siRNA. Ongoing works to attack other hard-to-drug targets, such as KRAS, Myc, and AR will also be presented. Citation Format: Worapol Ngamcherdtrakul, Moataz Reda, Cole Baker, Noah Crumrine, Ruijie Wang, Alyssa Wallstrum, Natalie White, Jeremy Saito, Husam Zaidan, Justin Rehwaldt, Molly Nelson, Joe Gray, Wassana Yantasee. Triggering anti-tumor immune response with a nanotherapeutic that targets TLR9 and STAT3 pathways [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3229.
Degradation Of Iodinated X-Ray Contrast Media (2018)

Each year, over 3000 tons of X-ray contrast media are used by medical facilities across the globe. About 90 % of those contrast agents reach our environment largely unaltered through clarification plants. To the present day, degradation products of these substances, which would imply decomposition of the iodinated benzene by microorganisms, have not been identified in sewage sludge.
Semantic Data Mining of Short Utterances (2006)

This paper introduces a methodology for speech data mining along with the tools that the methodology requires. We show how they increase the productivity of the analyst who seeks relationships among the contents of multiple utterances and ultimately must link some newly discovered context into testable hypotheses about new information. While in its simplest form, one can extend text data mining to speech data mining by using text tools on the output of a speech recognizer, we have found that it is not optimal. We show how data mining techniques that are typically applied to text should be modified to enable an analyst to do effective semantic data mining on a large collection of short speech utterances.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMIE DER DESULFURIERUNG VON THIETAN‐DERIVATEN (1971)

Abstract Das aus dem Thiol (Ia) durch Reaktion mit NaH‐BrCN dargestellte Thiocyanat (Ib) wird durch Behandlung mit NaH und anschließende Pyrolyse in die cis‐trans‐isomeren Thietane (IIa) und (IIIa) übergeführt.