gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analyses of Copy-Number Variation in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia Reveal Etiological Overlap and Biological Insights (2018)

Compelling evidence in Caucasian populations suggests a role for copy-number variations (CNVs) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). We analyzed 1,108 ASD cases, 2,458 SCZ cases, and 2,095 controls in a Japanese population and confirmed an increased burden of rare exonic CNVs in both disorders. Clinically significant (or pathogenic) CNVs, including those at 29 loci common to both disorders, were found in about 8% of ASD and SCZ cases, which was significantly higher than in controls. Phenotypic analysis revealed an association between clinically significant CNVs and intellectual disability. Gene set analysis showed significant overlap of biological pathways in both disorders including oxidative stress response, lipid metabolism/modification, and genomic integrity. Finally, based on bioinformatics analysis, we identified multiple disease-relevant genes in eight well-known ASD/SCZ-associated CNV loci (e.g., 22q11.2, 3q29). Our findings suggest an etiological overlap of ASD and SCZ and provide biological insights into these disorders.
Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates in Human Neuropathology: An Overview (1994)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a recently recognized messenger molecule that has been shown to possess pleiotropic properties, including vasodilation, neurotransmission, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity. Constitutive and inducible forms of NO synthase (NOS) have been identified. Activation of cNOS releases relatively low levels of NO for short periods of time whereas induction of iNOS releases high levels of NO for extended periods of time. In rodents, iNOS is predominantly found in cells of the monocyte/macrophage series, including microglia, where it is induced by a combination of bacterial products and cytokines. cNOS and iNOS have also been reported in rodent astrocytes. Activation of iNOS in the CNS could be toxic to many different cell types, including neurons and oligodendrocytes. iNOS, however, has been difficult to demonstrate in human peripheral blood cells, suggesting that the regulation of expression of this enzyme in humans is different from that found in rodents. In this overview, we show that in human glial cells cultured in vitro, astrocytes, but not microglia, can be induced by cytokines to express NO-like activity. Bacterial products are without effect, but a combination of IL-1 and TNF alpha or IFN gamma is a potent stimulus. NO production by astrocytes inhibits Cryptococcus neoformans growth in vitro. In vivo, we show in acute multiple sclerosis lesions, intense NADPH-diaphorase activity is present in hypertrophic astrocytes in the lesion center and at the lesion edge, whereas microglia are nonreactive. Increased NADPH-diaphorase activity colocalizes with immunoreactivity for IL-1 and TNF. These results suggests that the induction of reactive nitrogen intermediates in humans differs from that found in rodents, and supports the conclusion that hypertrophic astrocytes are the major source of NO-like activity in the inflamed CNS.
Infrared Laser Ablation Microsampling for Small Volume Proteomics (2022)

Infrared (IR) laser ablation was used to remove localized tissue regions from which proteins were extracted and processed with a low volume sample preparation workflow for bottom-up proteomics by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated glass slide with 2 mm diameter microwells was used to capture ablated rat brain tissue for in situ protein digestion with submicroliter solution volumes. The resulting peptides were analyzed with LC-MS/MS for protein identification and label-free quantification. The method was used to identify an average of 600, 1350, and 1900 proteins from ablation areas of 0.01, 0.04, and 0.1 mm<sup>2</sup>, respectively, from a 50 μm thick rat brain tissue section. Differential proteomics of 0.01 mm<sup>2</sup> regions captured from cerebral cortex and corpus callosum was accomplished to demonstrate the capabilities of the approach.
An embedded 0.8 V/480 μW 6b/22 MHz flash ADC in 0.13-μm digital CMOS process using a nonlinear double interpolation technique (2002)

For high-data-rate wireless communication, low-voltage baseband converters integrated with DSP in deep submicrometer processes are area- and power-efficient. Through careful architecture selections and circuit techniques, this paper demonstrates a low-voltage (0.8 V), low-power (480 /spl mu/W), 6-b/22-MHz flash-interpolation ADC which occupies 0.3 mm/sup 2/ and achieves 33 dB SNDR and 47 dB SFDR. The power efficiency of this converter is 0.6 pJ/conv-step which compares favorably with all published results. We also introduce a nonlinear double interpolation technique that enables the use of a 0.13-/spl mu/m standard digital CMOS process without special resistors.
Rapidly-Dissolvable Microneedle Patches Via a Highly Scalable and Reproducible Soft Lithography Approach (2020)

Microneedle devices for transdermal drug delivery have recently become an attractive method to overcome the diffusion-limiting epidermis and effectively transport therapeutics to the body. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of highly reproducible and completely dissolvable polymer microneedles on flexible water-soluble substrates. These biocompatible microneedles (made by using a soft lithography process known as PRINT) showed efficacy in piercing both murine and human skin samples and delivering a fluorescent drug surrogate to the tissue.
ISP: Multi-Layered Garment Draping with Implicit Sewing Patterns (2023)

Many approaches to draping individual garments on human body models are realistic, fast, and yield outputs that are differentiable with respect to the body shape on which they are draped. However, they are either unable to handle multi-layered clothing, which is prevalent in everyday dress, or restricted to bodies in T-pose. In this paper, we introduce a parametric garment representation model that addresses these limitations. As in models used by clothing designers, each garment consists of individual 2D panels. Their 2D shape is defined by a Signed Distance Function and 3D shape by a 2D to 3D mapping. The 2D parameterization enables easy detection of potential collisions and the 3D parameterization handles complex shapes effectively. We show that this combination is faster and yields higher quality reconstructions than purely implicit surface representations, and makes the recovery of layered garments from images possible thanks to its differentiability. Furthermore, it supports rapid editing of garment shapes and texture by modifying individual 2D panels.
Functional, hyperbranched polyesters via baylis–hillman polymerization (2011)

Abstract Hyperbranched polyesters are among the most common hyperbranched polymers. One of the interesting features of hyperbranched polyesters is that they contain unreacted hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups at the linear and terminal structural units, which can be postmodified to adjust thermal, solubility, or mechanical properties, or to prepare core–shell type architectures. This article reports on the synthesis of a novel class of hyperbranched polyesters via an A 2 + B 3 type Baylis–Hillman polymerization of 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxaldehyde and trimethylolpropane triacrylate. Baylis–Hillman polymerization generates highly functional polyesters that contain not only unreacted aldehyde and/or acrylate groups at the linear and terminal structural units but also chemically orthogonal vinyl and hydroxyl groups along the polymer backbone. Using 3‐hydroxyquinuclidine as the catalyst, hyperbranched polymers with number‐average molecular weights up to 7500 g/mol and degrees of branching up to 0.81 were obtained. To demonstrate the versatility of these hyperbranched polyesters to act as platforms for further derivatization, the orthogonal postpolymerization modification of the hydroxyl, vinyl, and pyridine functional moieties with phenyl isocyanate, methyl‐3‐mercaptopropionate, and methyl iodide is presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012.
Possible artifacts in dynamic CEST MRI due to motion and field alterations (2018)

Correction or mitigation for small motions is crucial for dynamic CEST imaging, especially in subjects with lesions. Concomitant B<sub>0</sub> alterations can as well induce pseudo CEST effects at 3 T.
Robust Disturbance Observer for Two-Inertia System (2012)

This paper proposes a method for designing disturbance observer (DOB) in vibration suppression control of two-inertia system. The key to a vibration suppression control of two-inertia system is eliminating the effect of vibration modes of the plant. For this purpose, feedback controller is designed to cancel the stable vibration modes of plant. However, this cancellation fails due to model error from parameter variations. In this paper, the DOB is employed to compensate for the effect of parameter variations. The Q-filter of DOB is designed with the following specifications: optimal disturbance suppression performance with restricted cutoff frequency; robust stability of closed-loop system against modeling error between the plant and its nominal model; structural restriction of Q-filter itself such as relative order and internal model order. This paper proposes a systematic and straightforward method to attain the above design specifications using standard <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> control framework. Experimental results verify that the proposed DOB can improve the transient response and effectively suppress the vibration and improve external disturbance removing performance as well.
Bis(phosphine) Monoxide Ligands for Asymmetric Conjugate Addition (2007)

This is an interesting contribution to the use of bis(phosphine) monoxides as hemilabile ligands for asymmetric catalysis. (R,R)-Me-DuPHOS monoxide (2) gave high enantioselectivity for the 1,4-addition of dialkyl zinc to nitroalkenes. Interestingly, 2 gave better selectivities than both the bisphosphine, Me-DuPHOS, and the Me-DuPHOS bisoxide. While most reports use diethyl zinc as nucleophile, dimethyl zinc also succeeds in giving the 1,4-adduct with good selectivity and yield.
The Bone Marrow Microenvironment Influences the Differential Chemokine Receptor Expression of Normal and Neoplastic Plasma Cells. (2004)

Abstract The expression of cytokines and chemokines are under control of several factors, including the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. The aim of this work was to study the chemokine receptor expression on normal and neoplastic PCs and to investigate the relationship between the BM microenvironment and plasma cell behaviour. The study included 20 patients with reactive disorders or normal BM, 20 individuals with MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance) and 19 patients with multiple myeloma at presentation. A large panel of chemokine receptor-specific antibodies directed against CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CCR6, CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4 and CXCR5 was characterized employing a four-colour flow cytometry approach. We demonstrate that normal and myeloma PCs have a specific chemokine receptor profile expressing 7/10 of the receptors studied. CCR2, CCR6, and CXCR1 showed decreased expression on myeloma PCs in comparison to normal PCs (average 3.3, 1.5 and 1.8-fold difference in expression level respectively). In contrast CXCR4 was upregulated on myeloma PCs on average 2.2-fold in comparison to normal PCs. There was no significant difference in expression between normal (CD19+) and neoplastic (CD19−) PCs from the same bone marrow environment in MGUS patients with respect to CCR6, CXCR1 and CXCR4. In contrast there was a significant difference in expression of CCR2 between CD19+ and CD19− PCs from the same BM (P=0.002). The level of expression on CD19− PCs was on average 1.6-fold lower than on their CD19+ counterparts (range 1.1 6.8-fold lower). In conclusion these data demonstrate that normal and myeloma PCs have a specific chemokine receptor profile. Myeloma PCs have a reduced level of some chemokine receptors compared to normal PCs which may account for their abnormal localization within the BM. Differences in expression of CXCR1, CXCR4, and CCR6 are not specific to the neoplastic process, as both normal and neoplastic plasma cells from the same marrow in MGUS patients show corresponding levels of expression. It is probable that feedback loops between neoplastic plasma cells and bone marrow stroma also influence normal plasma cell expression of these chemokine receptors. However, differences in CCR2 expression are not influenced by the marrow microenvironment, therefore downregulation of CCR2 expression is either a function of the neoplastic process or of the stage of differentiation of the originating neoplastic cell. Interfering with chemokines and their receptors which are related to the malignant transformation, particularly CCR2, may prove useful as adjunct to chemotherapy approaches.
Fibronectin Unfolding Revisited: Modeling Cell Traction-Mediated Unfolding of the Tenth Type-III Repeat (2008)

Fibronectin polymerization is essential for the development and repair of the extracellular matrix. Consequently, deciphering the mechanism of fibronectin fibril formation is of immense interest. Fibronectin fibrillogenesis is driven by celltraction forces that mechanically unfold particular modules within fibronectin. Previously, mechanical unfolding of fibronectin has been modeled by applying tensile forces at the N-and C-termini of fibronectin domains; however, physiological loading is likely focused on the solvent-exposed RGD loop in the 10 th type-III repeat of fibronectin (10FNIII), which mediates binding to cell-surface integrin receptors. In this work we used steered molecular dynamics to study the mechanical unfolding of 10FNIII under tensile force applied at this RGD site. We demonstrate that mechanically unfolding 10FNIII by pulling at the RGD site requires less work than unfolding by pulling at the N-and C-termini. Moreover, pulling at the N-and C-termini leads to 10FNIII unfolding along several pathways while pulling on the RGD site leads to a single exclusive unfolding pathway that includes a partially unfolded intermediate with exposed hydrophobic N-terminal b-strands -residues that may facilitate fibronectin self-association. Additional mechanical unfolding triggers an essential arginine residue, which is required for high affinity binding to integrins, to move to a position far from the integrin binding site. This cell traction-induced conformational change may promote cell detachment after important partially unfolded kinetic intermediates are formed. These data suggest a novel mechanism that explains how cell-mediated forces promote fibronectin fibrillogenesis and how cell surface integrins detach from newly forming fibrils. This process enables cells to bind and unfold additional fibronectin modules -a method that propagates matrix assembly.
Arginine as an Enhancer in Rose Bengal Photosensitized Corneal Crosslinking (2020)

Oxygen-independent RB-CXL is an efficient and effective process that can be developed further for unique clinical applications.
Inheritance of High Sugars from Tomato Accession PI 270248 and Environmental Variation between Seasons (2006)

Small-fruited cherry tomato accession PI 270248 [ Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme (Dunal) A. Gray] with high fruit sugars was crossed to large-fruited inbred line Fla.7833-1-1-1 (7833) ( L. esculentum ) that had normal (low) fruit sugars. The F 1 was crossed to PI 270248 and 7833 to obtain BCP 1 and BCP 2 , respectively, and self-pollinated to obtain F 2 seed. The resulting population was used to study the inheritance of high sugars from PI 270248. Continuous sugar level frequency distributions of BCP 1 , BCP 2 , and F 2 suggest that the trait is under polygenic control. Additive variation was significant, but dominance variation was not. There was a heterozygote × heterozygote type of epistasis present that likely caused the F 1 sugar level to skew nearly to the level of the high sugar parent. The F 2 mean sugar level was lower than the midparent level. Broad-sense heritability was 0.86. There was a significant line × season (fall, spring) interaction where lines with higher sugars were affected more by seasons than lines with lower sugars. Sugar level, in general, was higher in spring. Higher solar radiation in spring than in fall may explain the sugar level difference between the seasons.
Assessment of Peripheral Serotonin Synthesis Using Stable Isotope‐Labeled Tryptophan (2018)

Serotonin (5-HT) is synthesized from dietary tryptophan (Trp) and plays an important role in numerous diseases of the central nervous system and periphery. Stable isotope tracers enable safe monitoring of metabolic rates. Here we demonstrate measurement of peripheral 5-HT synthesis in healthy subjects by monitoring the produced [<sup>13</sup> C<sub>10</sub> ]-5-HT (h-5-HT) in EDTA-whole blood from three doses of orally administered [<sup>13</sup> C<sub>11</sub> ]-Trp (h-Trp) tracer. h-Trp was rapidly absorbed and distributed in a multiphasic manner, followed by a slower terminal elimination phase. The h-5-HT synthesis rate was dependent on h-Trp dose, appeared linear up to 12 hours postdose, and could be reliably assessed for the two highest doses. The human data was compared to similar studies in rats and dogs, finding larger interspecies differences in the h-5-HT synthesis rate than in 5-HT levels. In future studies, the h-5-HT synthesis rate can be used to assess disease-dysregulated 5-HT synthesis or quantify the pharmacodynamics of 5-HT synthesis inhibitors.
I n s i t u substrate-surface cleaning for very low temperature silicon epitaxy by low-kinetic-energy particle bombardment (1988)

A very low temperature in situ substrate-surface cleaning process utilizing low-kinetic-energy particle bombardment has been developed. Dramatic improvements have been achieved in the crystallinity of epitaxial silicon films grown by the newly developed low-kinetic-energy particle process, in which argon ions having precisely controlled energies are continuously bombarding the film surface during the entire growth operation. With the optimized substrate-surface cleaning conditions, in which the contaminants on the surface of silicon substrates are removed without introducing any damages to the substrates, the epitaxial silicon layer with a perfect crystallinity has been obtained at such very low temperatures below 350 °C.
A book on ion exchange, adsorption and solvent extraction (2013)

Preface Ion Exchange Materials & their Pharmaceutical Applications Polymer Based Ion Exchange Resin An Overview on Ion Exchange Process & Role of Zeolites in Nuclear Waste Treatment & Processing Electrospun Nanofibers & their Functionalization Applications of Polymer based Ion Exchangers for Heavy Metal & Radioactive Waste Removal, Water Purification, Protein Separation & Catalysis Adsorption on Carbon Nanotubes Granular Activated Carbon for Water & Wastewater Treatment Equilibrium & Kinetic Studies in Adsorption of Toxic Metal Ions for Wastewater Treatment Adsorption of Organic & Inorganic Pollutants on Low-cost Activated Carbon Prepared from Agricultural & Industrial Wastes Recent Advancement in Heavy Metal Removal onto Silica Based Adsorbents & Chitosan Composites - A Review Activated Carbon as a Versatile Adsorbent for the Removal of Pollutants Applications of Solvent Extraction Method for the Removal of Metals Trends of Solid-phase Extraction Technique in Environmental & Food Analysis Supramolecular Solvent-based Microextraction of Organic Compounds Index.
Impact of genetic polymorphisms on adenoma recurrence and toxicity in a COX2 inhibitor (celecoxib) trial (2013)

Genetic polymorphisms in multiple inflammation-related genes appear to interact with celecoxib on adenoma recurrence and its attendant toxicity, particularly cardiovascular toxicity/symptoms. Larger studies validating these pharmacogenetic relationships are needed.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonstabilized N‐Unsubstituted Azomethine Ylides: A Synthesis of Indolizidine 239CD. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mathematical model of oncolytic virotherapy with Myxoma virus infection in cancer cells (2020)

Oncolytic virotherapy is an innovative alternative to more conventional cancer therapies that is based on the ability of oncolytic viruses to specifically target and kill tumor cells. This therapy can activate the innate and adaptive immune response of the body achieving the destruction of cancer cells by the immune system. Myxoma virus is a poxvirus that infects in European rabbits, can also replicate in a variety of human cancer cells lines, which makes it an ideal candidate for oncolytic virotherapy. However, the dynamic mechanisms between the virus and the cancer cells are not completely understood. Mathematical models are useful tools to provide relevant insights about the dynamics that govern the interplay between normal and cancer cells and their viral parasites. In this study murine melanoma cancer cells were infected with a Myxoma virus expressing GFP (vMyx GFP) at low multiplicity of infection and pictures were taken in a fluorescence microscope every 30 minutes to determine infected cells. To understand the process of infection, namely the susceptible to infected conversion rates and the spatial effects of cell culture, we developed a mathematical model parameterized with the experiments described above that spatially explicitly simulates the process of infection. The model is an stochastic spatially explicit SI formulation that considers cancer cells and viral particles. With the model we were able to quantify and better understand this complex network of interactions. We were able to estimate important parameters concerning infection, proliferation and spatial dependency. We hope that the model will contribute to accelerate the development of a functional and effective oncolytic virotherapy with Myxoma virus. Support or Funding Information Office of the vice‐presidency of research at los Andes University
Total synthesis of mycalamides A and B (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of mycalamides A and BChang Yong Hong and Yoshito KishiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 14, 4242–4245Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00301a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views587Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (540 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts