gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
vELECTROPLATING POLYMER BASED ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED PARTS FOR ENHANCED STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE (2021)

Additive manufacturing has been adopted in many aerospace and defense applications to reduce weight and buy-to-fly ratios of low-volume high- complexity parts. Polymer-based additive manufacturing processes such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) has enabled aerospace manufactures to improve the structural efficiency of parts through generative design or topology optimization. This level of design freedom did not exist in the past due to limitations associated with traditional manufacturing processes such as subtractive machining. Improvements in the material and the maturation of the FDM process has led to the production of many non-structural flightworthy parts used in aircraft today. Polymer-based additive manufacturing can be further leveraged in aerospace applications with the addition of electroplated coatings that act as reinforcement. While many of the commonly known electroplated coating applications involve enhancing the part appearance, electroplated coatings can also improve the strength, stiffness, and durability of plastic parts. Depending on the use case, the thickness of the metallic plating material (combination of copper and nickel) can be tailored to achieve the desired composite properties (metal and polymer). In this research, the tensile and flexural mechanical properties were assessed for Ultem™ 9085 FDM printed specimens and compared to specimens with metallic coating thicknesses of approximately 75-μm, 150-μm, and 300-μm. Non- destructive inspections using x-ray computed tomography were performed prior to mechanical testing to assess the electroplated coating thickness variation and overall quality.
Voronoi and void statistics for superhomogeneous point processes (2004)

We study the Voronoi and void statistics of superhomogeneous (or hyperuniform) point patterns in which the infinite-wavelength density fluctuations vanish. Superhomogeneous or hyperuniform point patterns arise in one-component plasmas, primordial density fluctuations in the Universe, and jammed hard-particle packings. We specifically analyze a certain one-dimensional model by studying size fluctuations and correlations of the associated Voronoi cells. We derive exact results for the complete joint statistics of the size of two Voronoi cells. We also provide a sum rule that the correlation matrix for the Voronoi cells must obey in any space dimension. In contrast to the conventional picture of superhomogeneous systems, we show that infinitely large Voronoi cells or voids can exist in superhomogeneous point processes in any dimension. We also present two heuristic conditions to identify and classify any superhomogeneous point process in terms of the asymptotic behavior of the void size distribution.
Localized 1H NMR spectroscopy in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Analysis of changes in cerebral glutamine, choline and inositols (1991)

Abstract Localized, short echo 1 H magnetic resonance spectra from an area in the parietal cortex of three patients suffering from chronic hepatic encephalopathy are compared with equivalent spectra obtained from healthy control subjects. Three significant differences are found: elevated glutamine, decreased inositol, and decreased choline peak intensities. The elevation of cerebral glutamine concentration is expected as a consequence of the presumed chronic hyperammonemia in this disease. The finding of a 50% change in the inositol peak is physiologically unexpected and so far unaccounted for. Data acquisition and processing parameters are described in detail. To further define spectral abnormalities, which were readily detected in untransformed spectra, a simple data analysis scheme has been used that consists of post‐acquisition low‐frequency filtering, a lineshape transformation, and a difference technique to clarify spectral changes.
microRNA–mRNA regulatory networks underlying chronic mucus hypersecretion in COPD (2018)

Chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH) is a common feature in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with worse prognosis and quality of life. This study aimed to identify microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA regulatory networks underlying CMH.The expression profiles of miRNA and mRNA in bronchial biopsies from 63 COPD patients were associated with CMH using linear regression. Potential mRNA targets of each CMH-associated miRNA were identified using Pearson correlations. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and STRING (search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins) analysis were used to identify key genes and pathways.20 miRNAs and 539 mRNAs were differentially expressed with CMH in COPD. The expression of 10 miRNAs was significantly correlated with the expression of one or more mRNAs. Of these, miR-134-5p, miR-146a-5p and the let-7 family had the highest representation of CMH-associated mRNAs among their negatively correlated predicted targets. <i>KRAS</i> and <i>EDN1</i> were identified as key regulators of CMH and were negatively correlated predicted targets of miR-134-5p and let-7a-5p, let-7d-5p, and let-7f-5p, respectively. GSEA suggested involvement of <i>MUC5AC</i>-related genes and several other relevant gene sets in CMH. The lower expression of miR-134-5p was confirmed in primary airway fibroblasts from COPD patients with CMH.We identified miR-134-5p, miR-146a-5p and let-7 family, along with their potential target genes including <i>KRAS</i> and <i>EDN1</i>, as potential key miRNA-mRNA networks regulating CMH in COPD.
Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma among asthmatics exposed to pesticides (2004)

We conducted a pooled analysis of population-based case-control studies in Iowa, Minnesota and Nebraska to investigate whether asthma modifies risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) associated with pesticide exposures. Cases (n = 872) diagnosed with NHL from 1980 to 1986 and frequency-matched controls (n = 2,381) randomly selected from the same geographic areas as the cases were included. Information on use of pesticides and history of asthma was based on interviews. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate ORs, adjusted for age, state and vital status. Of all subjects, 177 (45 cases, 132 controls) reported having been told by their doctor that they had asthma. Subjects with an asthma history had a nonsignificantly lower risk of NHL than nonasthmatics (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.3-1.4), and there was no main effect of pesticide exposure (OR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.8-1.2). However, asthmatics tended to have larger ORs associated with exposure to pesticides than nonasthmatics. The OR among asthmatics was 1.8 (95% CI 1.1-3.2) for ever-use of crop insecticides, 2.7 (95% CI 1.0-7.2) for chlordane, 2.4 (95% CI 1.0-5.7) for lindane and 3.7 (95% CI 1.3-10.9) for fonofos. Among nonasthmatics, ORs were 1.1 (0.9-1.3), 1.5 (1.1-2.2), 1.3 (0.97-1.8) and 1.6 (1.0-2.4), respectively. Although there is limited power for assessing interaction, our results suggest that the risk of NHL among asthmatics with pesticide exposure may be higher than among nonasthmatics with pesticide exposure.
Inhibiting DNA methylation improves antitumor immunity in ovarian cancer (2022)

Cancer cells resist the immune response in a process known as immune editing or immune evasion. Therapies that target the immune system have revolutionized cancer treatment; however, immunotherapies have been ineffective for the majority of ovarian cancer cases. In this issue of the JCI, Chen, Xie, et al. hypothesized that hypomethylating agent (HMA) treatment would induce antitumor immunity to sensitize patients with ovarian cancer to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. The authors performed a phase II clinical trial to test the combination of guadecitabine, a second-generation HMA, along with pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor of PD-1. The trial included a group of 35 patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. While the clinical benefit from the combined HMA plus immune checkpoint blockade regimen was lower than hoped, the correlate analyses gave important information about which patients with ovarian cancer may be more likely to respond to immune therapy.
Übergangsmetall-Methylen-Komplexe, VI [1] Zur irreversiblen µ-Methylen/Carbonyl-Isomerie zweikerniger Cobalt-Komplexe mit bifunktionellen Methylen-Liganden / Transition Metal Methylene Complexes, VI [1] On the Irreversible µ-Methylene/Carbonyl Isomerization of Binuclear Cobalt Complexes with Bifunctional Methylene Ligands (1978)

Abstract Ethyl diazoacetate (2 a) and tert-butyl diazoacetate (2 b) are converted into the metal stabilized, doubly bridging alkoxycarbonyl carbenes upon photolysis with (ƞ 5 -C 5 H 5 )Co(CO) 2 (1) in tetrahydrofurane at -110°C. Although the yields of µ-dicarbonyl-µ-ethoxycarbonylmethylene- bis(ƞ 5 -cyclopentadienylcobalt) (3 a) and the corresponding ieri-butyl derivative (3b) are low, both compounds attract considerable attention due to an unexpected and hitherto unknown irreversible carbonyl bridge opening process with concomitant µ-methylene rearrangement. These isomerizations have been established by IR and 1 H NMR methods to be first order intramolecular processes.
Photonic-crystal lasers with high-quality narrow-divergence symmetric beams and their application to LiDAR (2021)

Abstract Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a key technology for smart mobility of robots, agricultural and construction machines, and autonomous vehicles. However, current LiDAR systems often rely on semiconductor lasers with low-quality, large-divergence, and asymmetric beams, requiring high-precision integration of complicated lens systems to reshape the beam. Also, due to the broad linewidth and the large temperature dependence of their lasing spectrum, a bandpass filter with broad bandwidth must be used in front of the detector, so the detected signal is affected by noise from background light such as sunlight. These critical issues limit the performance, compactness, affordability, and reliability of the LiDAR systems. Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) have attracted much attention as novel semiconductor lasers that can solve the issues of conventional semiconductor lasers owing to their capability of high-quality, very-narrow-divergence, and symmetric beam operation supported by broad-area band-edge resonance in their two-dimensional photonic crystal. In this paper, we show the progress and the state of the art of broad-area coherent PCSELs and their application to a time-of-flight (ToF) LiDAR system. We first review the progress of PCSELs made so far. Next, we show recent progress based on PCSELs with a double-lattice structure that enables higher-power and narrower-divergence operation while keeping a symmetric beam shape. By optimizing the double-lattice photonic crystal and the reflective properties of a backside distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), we achieve a high peak power of 10 W while maintaining a nearly diffraction-limited beam divergence of ∼0.1° (FWHM) from a 500 µ m diameter resonator. Using this PCSEL, we construct a LiDAR system that uses no external lens system in its light source and demonstrate highly spatially resolved ToF sensing (measurement range of ∼20 m), which is appropriate for autonomous robots and factory automation.
Infectious Lassa Virus, but Not Filoviruses, Is Restricted by BST-2/Tetherin (2010)

Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST-2/tetherin) is a cellular membrane protein that inhibits the release of HIV-1. We show for the first time, using infectious viruses, that BST-2 also inhibits egress of arenaviruses but has no effect on filovirus replication and spread. Specifically, infectious Lassa virus (LASV) release significantly decreased or increased in human cells in which BST-2 was either stably expressed or knocked down, respectively. In contrast, replication and spread of infectious Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) and Lake Victoria marburgvirus (MARV) were not affected by these conditions. Replication of infectious Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and cowpox virus (CPXV) was also not affected by BST-2 expression. Elevated cellular levels of human or murine BST-2 inhibited the release of virus-like particles (VLPs) consisting of the matrix proteins of multiple highly virulent NIAID Priority Pathogens, including arenaviruses (LASV and Machupo virus [MACV]), filoviruses (ZEBOV and MARV), and paramyxoviruses (Nipah virus). Although the glycoproteins of filoviruses counteracted the antiviral activity of BST-2 in the context of VLPs, they could not rescue arenaviral (LASV and MACV) VLP release upon BST-2 overexpression. Furthermore, we did not observe colocalization of filoviral glycoproteins with BST-2 during infection with authentic viruses. None of the arenavirus-encoded proteins rescued budding of VLPs in the presence of BST-2. Our results demonstrate that BST-2 might be a broad antiviral factor with the ability to restrict release of a wide variety of human pathogens. However, at least filoviruses, RVFV, and CPXV are immune to its inhibitory effect.
Modeling and analysis of manufacturing variations (2002)

Process-induced variations are an important consideration in the design of integrated circuits. Until recently, it was sufficient to model die-to-die shifts in device performance, leading to the well known worst-case modeling and design methodology. However, current and near-future integrated circuits are large enough that device and interconnect parameter variations within the chip are as important as those same variations from chip to chip. This presents a new set of challenges for process modeling and characterization and for the associated design tools and methodologies. This paper examines the sources and trends of process variability, the new challenges associated with the increase in within-die variability analysis, and proposes a modeling and simulation methodology to deal with this variability.
Generation of a sensitive TNFR2-specific murine assays system. (2016)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/TNF receptors (TNFR1/TNFR2) are considered to be potential drug targets to treat refractory diseases, including autoimmune diseases and malignant tumors. However, their specific functions, especially in the case of TNFR2, are poorly understood. In this study, we constructed a mouse TNFR2 (mTNFR2)-mediated biological assay system that shows no effects of mouse TNFR1 (mTNFR1) in order to screen mTNFR2-selective stimulating agents. Mouse TNFR1(-/-)R2(-/-) preadipocytes were transfected with the gene encoding the mTNFR2/mouse Fas (mFas) chimeric receptor in which the extracellular and transmembrane domains of mTNFR2 were fused to the intracellular domain of mFas. Our results demonstrated that this cell line exhibits highly sensitive mTNFR2-mediated cytotoxic effects. We propose that this mTNFR2-mediated biological assay system would be a useful tool to screen for mTNFR2-selective stimulating agents.
An optical fiber for brillouin-based discriminative sensing of strain and temperature (2007)

A single mode fiber with a highly GeO2-doped core and an F-doped inner-cladding is designed for Brillouin-based discriminative sensing of strain and temperature. The conditions to control high-order longitudinal acoustic modes are investigated.
Quality of Tomatoes Stored at Chilling Temperatures following Prestorage Heat Treatments and Partial Ripening (1996)

Mature green `Sunbeam' tomato fruit ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), were treated in varying order with C 2 H 4 , 42°C water for 60 minutes, 38°C air for 48 hours, partial ripening for 48 hours at 20°C, or not treated, and then stored at 2°C for 14 days before ripening at 20°C. Heat treated fruit stored at 2°C and transferred to 20°C ripened normally while 63% of nonheated fruit decayed before reaching red ripe. More chilling injury (CI) developed when C 2 H 4 was applied following heat treatment rather than before. There was more CI in fruit that were 42°C water treated compared with the 38°C air treatment. Less CI developed on fruit that were partially ripened for 2 days at 20°C before a 42°C water treatment rather than following it. At red ripe, nonchilled fruit were firmer than chilled heat treated fruit. Fruit treated in 42°C water were firmer when the heat treatment was applied before the C 2 H 4 treatment rather than following it. Chlorophyll and lycopene content and internal quality characteristics of fruit were similar at the red ripe stage irrespective of C 2 H 4 or heat treatment. Chilling and heat treatments reduced some of the 15 flavor volatiles analyzed. Volatile levels were lower in fruit treated with C 2 H 4 before heat treatment compared with fruit treated with C 2 H 4 following heat treatment. Prestorage heat treatments could allow for storage of mature green tomatoes at low temperatures with little loss in their ability to ripen normally.
Photodynamic macrocycles (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotodynamic macrocyclesJeffrey D. Winkler and Kurt DeshayesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 7, 2190–2191Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00241a052RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (286 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Experimental Investigation of Plasticized Polyvinylchloride using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Technique (2000)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Characterization of materials used in the automotive industry is often done via component testing. A strict regimen of tests is conducted on a component to determine material parameters for numerical simulations of more complicated loading conditions. Separation of material constants and geometrically- or experimentallyinduced effects is difficult with this method of characterization. Well-controlled experiments that determine the material response in basic deformations allow material properties to be determined. In this paper low strain rate and high strain rate experimental responses of dummy skin material (i.e. plasticized polyvinyl chloride) are presented. Details of the experimental procedures used to acquire the data are also included. In addition, a rate-dependent constitutive model for the plasticized material is developed, and its simulated results are compared with low strain rate results.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Pyrrolo[2,1‐b]quinazolinones by Original Rearrangement of Pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzodiazepines. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stereoselective Synthesis of the C15-C24Fragment of Macrolactin A (1994)

A stereoselective synthesis of the carbonyl iron complexes 2 corresponding to the C15-C24 fragment of Macrolactin A is described.
Application of CMOS Metal Barriers to Copper Plated Silicon Solar Cells (2010)

In this paper, alternative front-side metallization schemes for c-Si solar cells are investigated. These are based on the sputtering of different metal barriers followed by copper electroplating. Different emitters have been evaluated. The influence of the plating process and the impact of different barrier materials on contact resistance, plating properties and device reliability are also investigated. Using this approach, large area silicon solar cells with conversion efficiencies up to 19.4% are obtained on Cz material. First results on the application of these deposition techniques in a low-cost industrial compatible process flow show a conversion efficiency of 18.5%. The influence of the plating process and the impact of different barrier materials (Ti, Ti/TiN, Ta and TaN) on the device reliability are studied. The effectiveness of the silicon nitride antireflecting layer and the metal barrier layer to the diffusion of copper is looked upon and the impact on solar cell performance of different aging processes is assessed.
A Highly Compensated Interferometer for Biochemical Analysis (2018)

Here we report an improved interferometric sensing approach that facilitates high sensitivity nanovolume refractive index (RI) measurements and molecular interaction assays without a temperature controller. The compensated backscattering interferometer (CBSI) is based on a helium-neon (He-Ne) laser, a microfluidic chip, and a CCD array. The CBSI enables simultaneous differential RI measurements within nanoliter volumes, at a compensation level of ca. 5 × 10<sup>-8</sup> RIU in the presence of large thermal perturbations (8 °C). This level of d n/d T compensation is enabled by elongating the laser beam along the central axis of the microfluidic channel and measuring the difference in positional shift of interference patterns from two adjacent regions of the channel. By separating two solutions by an air gap or oil droplet, CBSI can discriminate the difference in RI for the sample and reference at a detection limit of 7 × 10<sup>-7</sup> RIU in the absence of electronic filtering. At this level of ΔRI sensitivity, it is possible to perform label-free, free-solution biochemical assays at the 10s of nM level without the typical high-resolution temperature control needed in conventional interferometers. Here we illustrate the effective use of CBSI by quantifying the binding affinities for mannose-concanavalin A and Ca<sup>2+</sup>-recoverin interactions.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Mn3Ge Grown on a Thin Polycrystalline MgO Seed Layer (2019)

D 0 22 ‐Mn 3 Ge has been studied recently for its large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and low magnetization, which enables it as a potential alternative material for the scaling of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) used in spin‐transfer‐torque magnetic random access memory (STT‐MRAM). Most of the research was carried out on D 0 22 ‐Mn 3 Ge deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on single crystalline MgO substrates. As the use of single crystalline substrates is not compatible with an industrial integration flow, we developed a polycrystalline MgO seed layer by physical vapor deposition (PVD) on Si. PMA is observed in MBE‐grown D 0 22 ‐Mn 3 Ge with coercive field up to 4.5 Tesla, even when the PVD‐MgO seed is only 1 nm thick. It indicates that PVD‐MgO is able to serve as the seed layer for D 0 22 ‐Mn 3 Ge integration to MTJs. However, no PMA is observed in Mn 3 Ge grown by PVD, which is attributed to different kinetics taking place during PVD deposition.
Investigation of self-immolative linkers in the design of hydrogen peroxide activated metalloprotein inhibitors (2011)

A series of self-immolative boronic ester protected methyl salicylates and metal-binding groups with various linking strategies have been investigated for their use in the design of matrix metalloproteinase proinhibitors.