gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning hierarchical rule sets (1992)

We present an algorithm for learning sets of rules that are organized into up to k levels. Each level can contain an arbitrary number of rules “if c then l” where l is the class associated to the level and c is a concept from a given class of basic concepts. The rules of higher levels have precedence over the rules of lower levels and can be used to represent exceptions. As basic concepts we can use Boolean attributes in the infinite attribute space model, or certain concepts defined in terms of substrings. Given a sample of m examples, the algorithm runs in polynomial time and produces a consistent representation of size O((log m)knk), where n is the size of the smallest consistent representation with k levels of rules. This implies that the algorithm learns in the PAC model. The algorithm repeatedly applies the greedy heuristics for weighted set cover. The weights are obtained from approximate solutions to previous set cover problems.
Computational Governance and Violable Contracts for Blockchain Applications (2020)

We propose a sociotechnical, yet computational, approach to building decentralized applications that accommodates and exploits blockchain technology. Our architecture incorporates the notion of a declarative, violable contract and enables flexible governance based on formal organizational structures, correctness verification without obstructing autonomy, and a basis for trust.
Bandwidth allocation for interactive multimedia in 5G Networks (2021)

Emerging interactive multimedia applications such as VR have some key requirements that communication medium must full fill in order to have a smooth experience. These requirements include higher uplink and downlink throughput requirement, low latency, and consistent throughput even at the cell edge. Present day 5G Network faces a lack of resource availability for highly sophisticated applications like interactive multimedia. This work proposes a dynamically prioritized bandwidth allocation scheme for interactive multimedia applications which can handle applications with varied requirements under resource limited conditions. The scheme uses mobile agents to gather the resource requirement of the applications from the various servers on various customer sites periodically and use this information to dynamically allocating the essential bandwidth so that these applications do not discontinue or abruptly end. The developed scheme has been tested with different sizes of the 5G networks with several virtual reality users along with other background loads of applications. Results are quite encouraging and the system is practically implementable.
<title>All-optical switching module based on diffractive optics technology</title> (2001)

To support the rapid growth of communication traffic in information age, all optical node technology is vitally needed. The present review summarizes the design consideration, the fabrication procedures and the result of the test experiments. Major technical issues toward the realistic development of all optical switching modules are listed and the possible solutions are discussed.
Study of Impurity Modes in Photonic Crystals and Study of Power GaAs MESFETS (1997)

The dissertation consists of two projects. In the first project, impurity modes in Photonic Crystals are studied in one- and two-dimensional Photonic Crystals. Onedimensional systems are formed from an infinite layered array of dielectric slabs and are studied for linearly polarized electromagnetic waves propagating perpendicular to the plane of slabs. Two-dimensional systems consist either of parallel cylindrical dielectric rods in vacuum or cylindrical holes containing vacuum in dielectric medium. These rods/holes are arranged in a square lattice array. The electromagnetic waves in these system propagate perpendicular to the axes of the rods and are of E or H polarization. Green’s function techniques are used to compute the impurity modes in photonic band structures. Numerical solutions are found for different types of single site and cluster impurity systems with dielectric constants appropriate to materials recently used in experimental studies on Photonic Crystals, including frequency dependent impurities, such as GaAs.\nIn the second project, physically based device simulation is used to study GaAs FET characteristics. A theory for the temperature dependence of the capture cross sections of deep level traps is presented. The resulting model is suitable for use in advanced semiconductor device simulators. A statistical mechanics approach is used to predict the behavior of EL2 defects in GaAs. It is also shown that the DC characteristics of GaAs MESFETs, in particular, channel confinement, can be improved by introducing buried p-layer in the device structure. The "kink" effect at high drain voltages is studied numerically. A methodology for performing accurate direct calculations of large-signal RF characteristics of power transistor and for accurate prediction of power figures-of-merit is presented. The topology of input and output matching network is studied. Harmonic loading and gate conduction effects are considered. A theory is developed for the number of RF cycles necessary to achieve periodic steady state while avoiding unwanted second harmonic tuning effects. Detailed examples of the large signal RF simulation of GaAs power MESFETs in various circuit environment and its posterior analysis are presented.
MU-MIMO-OFDM with spreading codes for user separation (2017)

This paper presents a multiuser (MU)-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme that realizes signal separation among mobile terminals by spreading codes. In conventional multi-user MIMO systems, the most significant problem is co-channel interference among mobile terminals. The calculation of weight coefficients requires the channel state information (CSI) of all the terminals. Owing to a Doppler shift, the accurate CSI is difficult to obtain for mobile terminals. Signals to the other stationary terminals cause severe interference and beam nulling can not be realized appropriately. Thus, this paper proposes an MU-MIMO-OFDM scheme with orthogonal spreading codes that separates signals for mobile terminals. Numerical results obtained through computer simulation show that the proposed scheme improves bit error rate (BER) performance by 2.5dB at a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> in comparison with the conventional MU-MIMO on a Rayleigh fading channel.
Leveraging Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms to Refine Electrode Properties in Redox Flow Batteries (2021)

Redox flow batteries are a nascent, yet promising, energy storage technology for which widespread deployment is hampered by technical and economic challenges. A performance-determining component in the reactor, present-day electrodes are often borrowed from adjacent electrochemical technologies rather than specifically designed for use in flow batteries. A lack of structural diversity in commercial offerings, coupled with the time constraints of wet-lab experiments, render broad electrode screening infeasible without a modeling complement. Herein, an experimentally validated model of a vanadium redox flow cell is used to generate polarization data for electrodes with different macrohomogeneous properties (thickness, porosity, volumetric surface area, and kinetic rate constant). Using these data sets, we then build and train a neural network with minimal average root-mean squared testing error (17.9 ± 1.8 mA cm−2) to compute individual parameter sweeps along the cell polarization curve. Finally, we employ a genetic algorithm with the neural network to ascertain electrode property values for improving cell power density. While the developed framework does not supplant experimentation, it is generalizable to different redox chemistries and may inform future electrode design strategies.
Animal models of neurobehavioral disorders : from toxins to transplants and experimental therapeutics (1997)

Vol.1. Animal models of neurobehavioural disorders -- v.2. Neural transplantation and experimental therapeutics
Virtual microwells for digital microfluidic reagent dispensing and cell culture (2011)

Digital microfluidic (DMF) liquid handling includes active (electrostatic) and passive (surface tension) mechanisms for reagent dispensing. Here we implement a simple and straightforward Teflon-AF liftoff protocol for patterning hydrophilic sites on a two-plate device for precise passive dispensing of reagents forming virtual microwells--an analogy to the wells found on a microtitre plate. We demonstrate here that devices formed using these methods are capable of reproducible dispensing of volumes ranging from ~80 to ~800 nL, with CVs of 0.7% to 13.8% CV. We demonstrate that passive dispensing is compatible with DMF operation in both air and oil, and provides for improved control of dispensed nano- and micro- litre volumes when compared to active electrostatic dispensing. Further, the technique is advantageous for cell culture and we report the first example of reagent dispensing on a single-plate DMF device. We anticipate this method will be useful for a wide range of applications--particularly those involving adherent cell culture and analysis.
Novel Hot Spot of IS 6110 Insertion in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2010)

We describe a hot spot for the insertion of IS6110 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis located in the area of region of difference 724 (RD724). Because RD724 defines sublineage 724 of M. tuberculosis, caution must be exercised when screening for RD724, as different polymorphisms can be observed in this region.
Electrochemical and thermochemical memories (2008)

The review provides a survey of non-volatile, highly scalable memory devices which are based on electrochemical and thermochemical phenomena controlling the resistance of nanoscale memory cells. The classification of the memory effects, the understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and a sketch of the integration efforts will be presented.
PM synchronous machine comparison for light electric vehicles (2014)

The research of rare-earth free alternatives, such as ferrite, hot pressed NdFeB Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance (PMASR) motor or pure reluctance motor, has potentially interesting implications especially in the perspective of industrial mass production. This paper shows the comparison between a sintered NdFeB PMASR, ferrite PMASR, Synchronous Reluctance (REL) and a Surface mounted PM (SPM) machines with the same overall dimensions, winding arrangement and power supply size. The electromechanical performance have been evaluated and compared, in terms of torque and power. Finally, this research provides a description of the electric supply system in order to accurately and efficiently manage the motors for achieving the requested performance.
Getting virtually personal (2019)

We build conversational agents to serve as AI interviewers who engage a user in a one-on-one, text-based conversation. Our live demos showcase two special skills of an AI interviewer: (a) ability to actively listen to a user during an interview-responding to complex and diverse user input empathetically; and (b) the ability to automatically infer the user's Big 5 personality traits from the interview. We provide an overview of the technologies that enable these two abilities and real-world applications of such AI interviewers.
Cardiac β‐adrenoceptors and adenylyl cyclase activity in human left ventricular hypertrophy due to pressure overload (1994)

The effect of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) due to chronic pressure overload on right atrial (RA) and left ventricular (LV) myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) density and subtypes, adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity and ADP-pertussis toxin ribosylated proteins was investigated in humans with LVH due to aortic stenosis and in patients without LVH undergoing heart surgery for mitral stenosis or coronary artery disease taken as controls. Both groups presented normal systolic function or plasma catecholamine levels. In LVH and controls, beta-AR density was similar in RA (62 +/- 6 vs 77 +/- 12 fmol.mg-1 protein) and LV (39 +/- 7 vs 32 +/- 2 fmol.mg-1 protein). In LVH, beta 1-AR percentage was < than in controls in LV (35 +/- 11 vs 73 +/- 5%, P < 0.05) but not in RA (79 +/- 5 vs 73 +/- 8%). Basal AC activity in RA (19 +/- 4 vs 21 +/- 6 pmol.mg-1 protein) and LV (22 +/- 5 vs 27 +/- 3 pmol.mg-1 protein) was similar in LVH and in controls. Isoprenaline-induced stimulation of AC in RA was similar in LVH and in controls (51 +/- 18 vs 36 +/- 18%) but < in LV of LVH (7 +/- 6 vs 45 +/- 6%, P < 0.05). In the presence of ICI-118,551 (a beta 2-adrenoceptor antagonist), isoprenaline failed to induce any increase in cAMP in LVH. The quantification of ADP-pertussis toxin ribosylated proteins indicated a lower concentration of substrates in LV myocardial membranes from LVH. These data indicate that in LVH due to pressure overload, there is a down-regulation of beta 1-AR and an increase in beta 2-AR density. This is associated with alterations of the transmembrane signalling marked by a decreased capacity of isoprenaline to stimulate AC and an impaired expression of Gi proteins.
Piperazine Derivatives of [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine as Potent and Selective Adenosine A2aReceptor Antagonists (2004)

The [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]triazine derivative 3, more commonly known in the field of adenosine research as ZM-241385, has previously been demonstrated to be a potent and selective adenosine A2a receptor antagonist, although with limited oral bioavailability. This [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]triazine core structure has now been improved by incorporating various piperazine derivatives. With some preliminary optimization, the A2a binding affinity of some of the best piperazine derivatives is almost as good as that of compound 3. The selectivity level over the adenosine A1 receptor subtype for some of the more active analogues is also fairly high, >400-fold in some cases. Many compounds within this piperazine series of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]triazine have now been shown to have good oral bioavailability in the rat, with some as high as 89% (compound 35). More significantly, some piperazines derivatives of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]triazine also possessed good oral efficacy in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. For instance, compound 34 was orally active in the rat catalepsy model at 3 mg/kg. In the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model, this compound was also quite effective, with a minimum effective dose of 3 mg/kg po.
Improvement of the detectivity in an Fe–Sn magnetic-field sensor with a large current injection (2021)

Abstract A ferromagnetic nanocrystalline Fe–Sn is an excellent platform for magnetic-field sensor based on anomalous Hall effect (AHE) owing to simple fabrication and superior thermal stability. For improvement of the magnetic-field sensitivity, doping impurity and increasing injection current are effective approaches. However, in the light of magnetic-field detectivity, the large current may increase the voltage noise. In this study, a maximum allowable current was improved by employing the overlayer electrode configuration on a Ta-doped Fe–Sn AHE sensor. In noise measurements, the 1/ f noise becomes significant with increasing the current at low frequency, resulting in saturation of the detectivity to 240 nTHz −1/2 at 120 Hz. At high frequency, the detectivity reaches 48 nTHz −1/2 at 3.1 mA showing ten times improvement of the detectivity compared with the non-doped Fe–Sn AHE sensor. Material design and device structure optimization will accelerate further improvement of the sensing properties of the Fe–Sn-based AHE sensor.
CONFECT: Conformations from an Expert Collection of Torsion Patterns (2013)

The generation of sets of low-energy conformations for a given molecule is a central task in drug design. Herein we present a new conformation generator called CONFECT that builds on our previously published library of torsion patterns. Conformations are generated as well as ranked by means of normalized frequency distributions derived from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). Following an incremental construction approach, conformations are selected from a systematic enumeration within energetic boundaries. The new tool is benchmarked in several different ways, indicating that it allows the efficient generation of high-quality conformation ensembles. These ensembles are smaller than those produced by state-of-the-art tools, yet they effectively cover conformational space.
Systematic intermediate sequence removal for reduced memory accesses (2007)

Modern software applications are growing in complexity and demand very intensive use of data. Therefore, a wide variety of data structures are utilized to facilitate the storage and access to these vast amounts of computed information. Additionally, the need for reliable software design and the development of large applications following the object-oriented paradigm increase the amount of dynamic buffers and redundant accesses to the data stored in these buffers. In this paper, we propose a systematic, design optimization methodology to remove these intermediate dynamic buffers, thereby reducing the memory accesses of the targeted applications without altering the input-output behaviour of the algorithms. The reduction is focused on sequences and is especially relevant for embedded systems, which have limited on-chip communication bandwidth and the energy consumption of the memory subsystem is high, due to the energy consumption associated with each memory access. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is assessed in a 3D reconstruction multimedia application and shows a significant reduction in memory accesses. In addition, the general trends for memory improvement and the scalability of our approach are supported as well by a parameterized benchmark set.
Ligand structure and charge state-dependent separation of monolayer protected Au25 clusters using non-aqueous reversed-phase HPLC (2020)

The synthesis of atomically precise noble metal clusters using various protocols often results in a mixture of clusters with different cores. Hence, it is important to isolate such clusters in their pure form in terms of composition especially for crystallization. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a powerful tool to achieve this. The interaction of ligands with column functionalities determine the extent of separation and their stability under conditions used. We demonstrate a systematic flow rate dependent study of three different aliphatic ligand protected Au25 clusters, with three commercially available alkyl and aryl functionalized reversed-phase HPLC columns, as they represent the variations encountered commonly. Molecular docking simulations were carried out to understand the interactions between the stationary phase and the cluster surface. These investigations enabled the selection of an appropriate column for better separation of structurally different ligand protected clusters. High-resolution separation of anionic and neutral Au25 clusters was acheived with a selectivity (α) of 1.2 by tuning the chromatographic conditions. This study would provide new insights in developing better methods for the efficient separation of monolayer protected clusters.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Local and Systemic Protumorigenic Effects of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Derived GDF15 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 207KB, GDF15/MIC-1 is expressed by LNCaP prostate cancer cells and NIH-GDF15 fibroblasts.&lt;/p&gt;
Why There Has Been an Increase in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Young People Over the Past Decade in the USA: Unrecognized Roles of Alcoholism, Drug Abuse, Illegal Migrants and Hypomagnesemia (2020)

Over the past decade, according to recent CDC mortality statistics, there is a growing number of cardiovascular deaths in the USA among young people (i.e. 16-55 years in age) [1]. This turn of events, among the younger people, is being attributed to obesity, type 2 diabetes, suicide, and bad diets, whereas the elderly population, i.e. those over age 70, appear to be living into their 90’s.
Genetic Disruption of Kir6.2, the Pore-Forming Subunit of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel, Predisposes to Catecholamine-Induced Ventricular Dysrhythmia (2004)

Metabolic-sensing ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP channels) adjust membrane excitability to match cellular energetic demand. In the heart, KATP channel activity has been linked to homeostatic shortening of the action potential under stress, yet the requirement of channel function in securing cardiac electrical stability is only partially understood. Here, upon catecholamine challenge, disruption of KATP channels, by genetic deletion of the pore-forming Kir6.2 subunit, produced defective cardiac action potential shortening, predisposing the myocardium to early afterdepolarizations. This deficit in repolarization reserve, demonstrated in Kir6.2-knockout hearts, translated into a high risk for induction of triggered activity and ventricular dysrhythmia. Thus, intact KATP channel function is mandatory for adequate repolarization under sympathetic stress providing electrical tolerance against triggered arrhythmia.
ChemInform Abstract: Dipyrido[1,2‐a;3′,4′‐d]imidazole Systems. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A linear, time-varying system framework for noniterative discrete-time band-limited signal extrapolation (1991)

A technique for the analysis and design of noniterative algorithms for discrete-time, band-limited signal extrapolation is described. The approach involves modeling the extrapolation process as a linear, time-varying (LTV) system, or filter. Together with a previously developed Fourier theory for LTV systems, this model provides a frequency-domain transfer function representation for the extrapolation system. This representation serves as a powerful tool for characterizing and comparing the reconstruction properties of several well-known least squares optimal algorithms for band-limited extrapolation. Moreover, the frequency-domain setting provides a conceptually attractive means for understanding the process of extrapolation itself. Additionally, a least squares approximation methodology for designing LTV filters for band-limited extrapolation is developed. The design technique is shown to unify a broad class of algorithms for extrapolating discrete-time data and, further, to provide a means for designing new and improved extrapolation algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>