gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth and Scintillation Properties of Pr-Doped Gd<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{3}$</tex></formula>(Ga,Al)<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{5}$</tex></formula>O<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$_{12}$</tex></formula> Single Crystals (2012)

Pr: (Gd,Y) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (Ga,Al) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> single crystals were grown by the μ-PD method with RF heating system. Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> 5d-4f emission within 300-350 nm, Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> 4f-4f emission within 480-650 nm and Gd <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> 4f-4f emission at 310 nm are observed in Pr: (Gd,Y) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (Ga,Al) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> crystals. In order to determine light yield, the energy spectra were measured under 662 keV γ-ray excitation ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs source), detected by a PMT H6521 (Hamamatsu). The light output of Pr1%:Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> sample was of about one fifth of that of the Cz grown Pr:LuAG standard sample, i.e., around 4,000 photon/MeV. Two component scintillation decay shows the decay times (intensity) of 5.7 ns(5%), 38.7 ns (31%) and 187 ns (63%) using the PMT and digital oscilloscope TDS5032B detection.
Search for CP violation using T^-odd correlations in B0→pp¯K+π− decays (2023)

A search for $CP$ and $P$ violation in charmless four-body ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\overline{p}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays is performed using triple-product asymmetry observables. It is based on proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of $8.4\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The $CP$- and $P$-violating asymmetries are measured both in the integrated phase space and in specific regions. No evidence is seen for $CP$ violation. $P$-parity violation is observed at a significance of 5.8 standard deviations.
Experimental Infection of Cats and Dogs with West Nile Virus (2004)

Domestic dogs and cats were infected by mosquito bite and evaluated as hosts for West Nile virus (WNV). Viremia of low magnitude and short duration developed in four dogs but they did not display signs of disease. Four cats became viremic, with peak titers ranging from 10(3.0) to 10(4.0) PFU/mL. Three of the cats showed mild, non-neurologic signs of disease. WNV was not isolated from saliva of either dogs or cats during the period of viremia. An additional group of four cats were exposed to WNV orally, through ingestion of infected mice. Two cats consumed an infected mouse on three consecutive days, and two cats ate a single infected mouse. Viremia developed in all of these cats with a magnitude and duration similar to that seen in cats infected by mosquito bite, but none of the four showed clinical signs. These results suggest that dogs and cats are readily infected by WNV. The high efficiency of oral transmission observed with cats suggests that infected prey animals may serve as an important source of infection to carnivores. Neither species is likely to function as an epidemiologically important amplifying host, although the peak viremia observed in cats may be high enough to infect mosquitoes at low efficiency.
&#x0022;Magnetic Ear&#x0022;-based balancing of magnetic flux in high power medium frequency dual active bridge converter transformer cores (2011)

Semiconductor switches posses non-ideal behavior which, in case of isolated DC-DC converters, can generate DC voltage components in the voltage applied to the transformer. This DC voltage component is translated into a DC flux density component in the transformer core, increasing the risk of driving the core into saturation. In this paper, a novel non invasive flux density measurement principle, called the "Magnetic Ear", based on sharing of magnetic path between the main and an auxiliary core is proposed. The active compensation of the transformer DC magnetization level using this transducer is experimentally verified. Additionally, a classification of the previously reported magnetic flux measurement and balancing concepts is performed.
Exceptional Flame Resistance and Gas Barrier with Thick Multilayer Nanobrick Wall Thin Films (2015)

Layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly is a powerful and versatile technique to deposit functional thin films, but often requires a large number of deposition steps to achieve a film thick enough to provide a desired property. By incorporating amine salts into the cationic polyelectrolyte and its associated rinse, LbL clay‐containing nanocomposite films can achieve much greater thickness (&gt;1 μm) with relatively few deposition cycles (≤6 bilayers). Amine salts interact with nanoclays, causing nanoplatelets to deposit in stacks rather than as individual platelets. This technique appears to be universal, exhibiting thick growth with multiple types of nanoclay, including montmorillonite and vermiculite (VMT), and a variety of amine salts (e.g., hexylamine and diethanolamine). The characteristic order found in LbL‐assembled films is maintained despite the incredible thickness. Films assembled in this manner achieve oxygen transmission rates below 0.009 cc m −2 d −1 atm −1 with just 6 bilayers (BLs) of chitosan/VMT deposited. These thick clay‐based thin films also impart exceptional flame resistance. A 2‐BL film renders a 3.2 mm polystyrene plate self‐extinguishing, while an 8‐BL film (3.9 μm thick) prevents ignition entirely. This ability to generate much thicker clay‐based multilayers with amine salts opens up tremendous potential for these nanocoatings in real world applications.
Integrated Optical Fibers into Aluminum Extrusions Enabling Structural Health Monitoring of Aerospace Structures (2011)

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) enables the detection of damage via sensors that are placed within or onto the structures. SHM technologies are especially considered for the next generation aircrafts as it could reduce maintenance costs and enable significant weight savings by revolutionizing the current aircraft design approach and guaranteeing that a structure is damage-free. Constellium believes that SHM enabling aluminum parts would contribute to such improvements for metallic aerostructures and has thus produced extruded semi-products containing integrated wire-shaped sensors. Optical fibers which are particularly relevant sensors for SHM have been integrated within aluminum extrusions and tested to assess the SHM potential and the feasibility of such a solution. Fatigue crack propagation tests have then been performed, monitoring the optical signal through the optical fibers in parallel. It is demonstrated that a crack can be detected using such embedded optical fibers. Depending on the sensor type it can be used to verify the integrity of the extrusion or to provide more complex information such as the strain, or the damage position, along the extrusion's length. This could be of particular interest for aircraft areas designed in damage tolerance such as the lower wing or the upper fuselage, and enable to change the damage tolerant scenarios.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF α‐LITHIOARYLMETHANES OF M‐XYLENE AND ITS α‐TRIMETHYLSILYL DERIVATIVES: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BIS((N,N,N′,N′′‐TETRAMETHYLETHYLENEDIAMINE)LITHIO)‐α,α′‐BIS(TRIMETH# YLSILYL)‐M‐XYLENE (1985)

Abstract Die kristallinen Li‐Verbindungen (I) und (III) von m‐Xylol oder α‐silylierten Derivaten (II) werden wie aufgezeichnet dargestellt.
Differentiable Hybrid Traffic Simulation (2022)

We introduce a novel differentiable hybrid traffic simulator , which simulates traffic using a hybrid model of both macroscopic and microscopic models and can be directly integrated into a neural network for traffic control and flow optimization. This is the first differentiable traffic simulator for macroscopic and hybrid models that can compute gradients for traffic states across time steps and inhomogeneous lanes. To compute the gradient flow between two types of traffic models in a hybrid framework, we present a novel intermediate conversion component that bridges the lanes in a differentiable manner as well. We also show that we can use analytical gradients to accelerate the overall process and enhance scalability. Thanks to these gradients, our simulator can provide more efficient and scalable solutions for complex learning and control problems posed in traffic engineering than other existing algorithms. Refer to https://sites.google.com/umd.edu/diff-hybrid-traffic-sim for our project.
Losses in slab photonic crystals induced by fabrication tolerances (2003)

We investigate the effect of fabrication tolerances on the propagation losses of light guided in photonic crystal waveguides. We focus on slab photonic crystals defined as a regular array of holes in high index material such as silicon. The deviation of photonic crystal lattice parameters, such as the hole diameter, from the ideal results in the shift of the guided mode in the photonic band gap. This shift occurs randomly along a photonic waveguide as the electromagnetic wave propagates in it. Because the range of frequencies supported in a photonic crystal waveguide is typically very narrow, even a small deviation of the lattice parameters may result in a sufficiently large shift for the wave to fall out of the guided range and become lossy. Indeed, we demonstrate that a deviation in hole size as small as a few percent can result in a guided mode becoming radiative. Consequently, a wave propagating in a real photonic crystal waveguide undergoes multiple transitions between guided and radiative modes, depending on the local variations of the photonic crystal parameters. This results in lossy propagation of the wave. We present simulations of the light propagation in a photonic crystal waveguide incorporating real-life fabrication tolerances.
Instructional Course Lectures, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Prevention of Deep Periprosthetic Joint Infection*† (1996)

HANSSEN, ARLEN D. M.D.‡; OSMON, DOUGLAS R. M.D.‡, ROCHESTER, MINNESOTA; NELSON, CARL L. M.D.§, LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS Author Information
Systolic ShMOLLI myocardial T1-mapping for improved robustness to partial-volume effects and applications in tachyarrhythmias (2015)

In healthy volunteers, systolic ShMOLLI T1-mapping reduces T1 variability and reports clinically equivalent T1 values to conventional diastolic readout; slightly shorter T1 values in systole are mostly explained by reduced partial-volume effects due to the increase in functional myocardial thickness. In patients with tachyarrhythmia, systolic ShMOLLI T1-mapping is feasible, circumvents mistriggering and produces excellent quality T1 maps. This extends its clinical applicability to challenging rhythms (such as rapid atrial fibrillation) and aids the investigation of thinner myocardial segments. With further validation, systolic T1-mapping may become a new and convenient standard for myocardial T1-mapping.
Dispersion and diffusion influences on yield in complex reaction networks (1989)

Abstract Differences in the dispersion and/or catalytic pellet size between laboratory and commercial reactors, operating at the same average residence time, may lead to differences in the yield of a desired product. Bounds are developed for predicting the maximal design uncertainty introduced by these phenomena for a network consisting of an arbitrary number of irreversible first‐order reactions. A major advantage of these bounds is that they do not require any knowledge of the rate constants. It is shown that in a packed‐bed reactor, the fractional yield loss is smaller than: where m − 1 is the number of reaction steps involved in converting a reactant to the desired product, σ is the dimensionless variance of the residence time density function, Bi m is the Biot number, p 2 = [( V p / S x ) 2 (1/ D e τ)], and τ is the average residence time.
Myocardial T1-Mapping in chronic myocardial infarction: preliminary results of unenhanced and contrast enhanced MR imaging using Gadobutrol (2010)

At a given field strength tissues present with specific T 1values. Reference values for normal unenhanced myocardium have been established. We hypothesize, that infarcted myocardial tissue can be delineated from normal myocardium by means of T 1 -maps in unenhanced and contrast-enhanced scans.
Teapot (1996)

Recent shared-memory parallel computer systems offer the exciting possibility of customizing memory coherence protocols to fit an application's semantics and sharing patterns. Custom protocols have been used to achieve message-passing performance---while retaining the convenient programming model of a global address space---and to implement high-level language constructs. Unfortunately, coherence protocols written in a conventional language such as C are difficult to write, debug, understand, or modify. This paper describes Teapot, a small, domain-specific language for writing coherence protocols. Teapot uses continuations to help reduce the complexity of writing protocols. Simple static analysis in the Teapot compiler eliminates much of the overhead of continuations and results in protocols that run nearly as fast as hand-written C code. A Teapot specification can be compiled both to an executable coherence protocol and to input for a model checking system, which permits the specification to be verified. We report our experiences coding and verifying several protocols written in Teapot, along with measurements of the overhead incurred by writing a protocol in a higher-level language.
Koideet al. Reply: (2003)

A Reply to the Comment by J. P. Bucher et al.Received 14 May 2002DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.149704©2003 American Physical Society
Study on the Controlling of Flow Separation Zone Near Unshrouded Impeller Exit for Centrifugal Compressors (2013)

A large-size centrifugal compressor test rig with an unshrouded impeller was established to investigate the flow field characteristics of the stage. However, the author’s previous researches indicated that there was a separation zone near the exit of the unshrouded centrifugal impeller, which was undesirable to assess the performance of the impeller and vaned diffuser respectively. In order to control the separation zone, the impeller was redesigned. Four kinds of available strategies, such as changing the loading distribution of the impeller blades, altering the meridian contour of the impeller, adjusting the design flow rate and the rotation speed of the stage and shrinking the casing at the entrance of the vaned diffuser were tried. It was demonstrated that by means of decreasing the shroud-side blade loading, increasing the nominal design flow rate and shrinking the shroudside casing of the diffuser, the separation zone near the impeller exit could be effectively suppressed to an acceptable extent.
Semiconductor Capacitance Penalty per Gate in Single- and Double-Gate FETs (2014)

We show that the double-gate (DG) FET geometry has lower gate capacitance per gate C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> and lower sheet carrier density per gate N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> than the single-gate (SG) FET geometry for the same gate-stack because the semiconductor capacitance C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC</sub> is a property of the channel, and therefore, C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC</sub> per gate of the DG FET is one-half that of the SG FET. This effect is marginal in FETs with high effective mass and/or high valley degeneracy channel materials but is fairly pronounced in FETs with low effective mass and/or low valley degeneracy channel materials.
INFLUENCE OF LASER SHOCK PEENING ON LOW- AND HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE OF AN OT4-0 TITANIUM ALLOY (2022)

Effect of laser shock peening on the fatigue life of an OT4-0 titanium alloy is studied. Laser peening is carried out using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at a pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz. It is suggested by the analysis of the effect of various laser treatment parameters on the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses over the sample thickness that an optimal type of laser shock treatment makes it possible to create a compressive residual stress region whose depth reaches up to 1 mm and whose maximum value is 600 MPa. The results of the study of the fracture surface structure show that the fatigue fracture mechanism changes, while the service life of samples significantly increases during both low- and high-cycle fatigue after laser shock peening.
1213. A TRAIL/IP-10/CRP Signature Distinguishes between Viral and Bacterial Infection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients (2020)

Abstract Background Challenges in determining the etiology of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lead to significant overuse of antibiotics. A new host-response assay that integrates the levels of three proteins (TRAIL, IP-10, and CRP) was shown to exhibit high performance in distinguishing between bacterial and viral disease in two double-blind pediatric validation studies. Here we sought to evaluate its ability to differentiate bacterial from viral infection in adult COPD patients with suspicion of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Methods The study population included 492 febrile adult patients prospectively recruited in “Observer”, an EU Horizon 2020 funded study (grant #684589). Patient etiology was determined by majority expert panel based on clinical, laboratory, multiplex PCR, radiological and follow-up data. We compared the expert panel diagnosis with the assay that gives three possible outcomes: viral, bacterial (including viral with bacterial coinfection) or equivocal. Results 45 out 492 adult patients prospectively recruited with suspicion of LRTI had a medical history of COPD. Of these, 20 cases were assigned as suspected viral infections and 19 as suspected bacterial infections (Figure 1). Antibiotics were prescribed to 19/19 bacterial infections and 16/20 viral infections. The assay correctly classified 19/19 bacterial infections and 12/20 viral infections, with 2 viral cases classified by the assay as bacterial and 6 receiving an equivocal outcome. These data support the assay’s potential to reduce antibiotic overuse from 16/20=80% to 8/20=40% (P=0.01). FIgure 1: Flow through of COPD patients in prospective performance validation study “Observer” Conclusion A new TRAIL/IP-10/CRP signature has potential to significantly reduce antibiotic overuse for patients with suspected LRTI and a history of COPD without missing bacterial infection. Disclosures Meital Paz, MD, MeMed Ltd. (Employee) Noa Avni, PhD, MeMed (Employee) Michal Stein, MeMed Ltd. (Employee) Liran Shani, MD, MeMed Ltd. (Employee) Tanya Gottlieb, PhD, MeMed (Employee) Kfir Oved, MD, PhD, MeMed (Employee) Eran Eden, PhD, MeMed (Employee)
A Prospective Study of Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Cervical Shedding of Herpes Simplex Virus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1–Seropositive Women (2002)

Cross-sectional analyses have demonstrated an association between use of hormonal contraceptives and shedding of herpes simplex virus (HSV). This prospective study evaluated the effect of initiating use of hormonal contraception on cervical HSV detection. Two hundred women who were seropositive for HSV-2 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 were examined for cervical mucosal HSV by use of quantitative DNA polymerase chain reaction before and after beginning the use of hormonal contraceptives. Cervical HSV was detected in 32 women (16.0%) before initiating and in 25 women (12.5%) after initiating use of hormonal contraception (P=.4). There were no significant differences in HSV shedding among the subgroups of women starting combination oral contraceptives containing both estrogen and progesterone or progesterone-only contraceptives. Among the 54 women who shed HSV at least once, the median change in cervical HSV after initiation of hormonal contraception was -313 copies/swab. In this prospective study, use of hormonal contraceptives did not increase detection of cervical HSV.
Synthesis of DNA-Oligonucleotides Damaged by Arylamine-Modified 2′-Deoxyguanosine (2007)

C8-Arylamine-dG adducts bearing a labile N-formamidine group at the exocyclic amino function were converted into their corresponding 5'-O-DMTr-3'-O-phosphoramidite-C8-arylamine-dG derivatives. These compounds were used for the automated synthesis of site-specifically modified oligonucleotides. These oligonucleotides were characterized by ESI-MS and enzymatic digestion and studied for their CD properties and Tm values.
Paradigm Shift in Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy: From in vitro Generated Monocyte-Derived DCs to Naturally Circulating DC Subsets (2014)

Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy employs the patients' immune system to fight neoplastic lesions spread over the entire body. This makes it an important therapy option for patients suffering from metastatic melanoma, which is often resistant to chemotherapy. However, conventional cellular vaccination approaches, based on monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs), only achieved modest response rates despite continued optimization of various vaccination parameters. In addition, the generation of moDCs requires extensive ex vivo culturing conceivably hampering the immunogenicity of the vaccine. Recent studies, thus, focused on vaccines that make use of primary DCs. Though rare in the blood, these naturally circulating DCs can be readily isolated and activated thereby circumventing lengthy ex vivo culture periods. The first clinical trials not only showed increased survival rates but also the induction of diversified anti-cancer immune responses. Upcoming treatment paradigms aim to include several primary DC subsets in a single vaccine as pre-clinical studies identified synergistic effects between various antigen-presenting cells.