gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Machine Learning to Predict Shale Wettability (2023)

Abstract CO2 wettability in shale formations is an important parameter for different applications including, CO2 EOR, CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers where the shale formations are the seal cap rock, CO2 sequestration in the shale formation, and hydraulic fracturing process in shale. Different experimental work can be used to estimate the wettability including quantitative and qualitative methods such as contact angle, Amott method, NMR, flotation methods, relative permeability, and recovery curves. In addition to the difficult surface preparation processes, laboratory experiments take a lot of time, money, and effort. Therefore, this paper seeks to use various machine-learning tools to calculate the contact angle which is an indication of the shale wettability. A collection of 200 data points was gathered for various shale samples under varying conditions. Machine learning models such as linear regression (LR) and Random forests (RF) were employed to forecast the wettability of shale-water-CO2 as a function of shale characteristics, pressure, temperature, and water salinity. The data was randomly divided into two parts with a 70:30 training-testing ratio. A separate, unseen set of data was used to validate the predictive models. The results indicated that the most significant factors impacting shale wettability are, among others, operating pressure and temperature, total organic content (TOC), and mineral matter. The linear regression (LR) model was employed to evaluate the linear dependence of contact angle values on the input parameters, but it failed to accurately predict the contact angle for several points with an R2 value lower than 0.8. In contrast, the Random Forest (RF) model accurately forecasted the contact angle in the shale-water-CO2 system based on shale properties and system conditions with a high R2 of 0.99 for the training dataset and 0.95 for the testing dataset. The root mean square error (RMSE) was less than 6 degrees for both training and testing datasets in both models. The developed model was validated using unseen data and the correlation coefficient between the actual and predicted contact angle was found to be above 0.94. This study demonstrates the dependability of the suggested models in determining the contact angle in the shale-water-CO2 system based on shale properties, pressure and temperature, and water salinity, eliminating the requirement for intricate measurements or calculations through experimentation.
Methods to Convey Forward Error Correction (FEC) Framework Configuration Information (2012)

The Forward Error Correction (FEC) Framework document (RFC 6363) defines the FEC Framework Configuration Information necessary for the FEC Framework operation.This document describes how to use signaling protocols such as the Session Announcement Protocol (SAP), the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), the Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), etc. for determining and communicating the configuration information between sender(s) and receiver(s).This document doesn't define any new signaling protocol.
Local modeling and robust estimation for high-resolution direction finding (2002)

Many signal processing applications are concerned with estimating signal parameters with high accuracy from sensor array measurements. To obtain accurate location estimates, knowledge of the array response is required. Most estimation techniques are sensitive to perturbations in the array model and array calibration is often necessary. The authors discuss the issue of generating the array response parameterization from a finite number of noise-contaminated calibration vectors. An estimation technique based on local parametric modeling of the array response is proposed. The potential improvement using the suggested scheme rather than an ideal array model is demonstrated on real data collected from a full-scale hydroacoustic array. It is shown that, by applying the proposed technique together with a standard direction-of-arrival estimation procedure, a significant reduction in estimation bias can be obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Vascular Gene Trap Screen Defines RasGRP3 as an Angiogenesis-Regulated Gene Required for the Endothelial Response to Phorbol Esters (2004)

We identified Ras guanine-releasing protein 3 (RasGRP3) as a guanine exchange factor expressed in blood vessels via an embryonic stem (ES) cell-based gene trap screen to identify novel vascular genes. RasGRP3 is expressed in embryonic blood vessels, down-regulated in mature adult vessels, and reexpressed in newly formed vessels during pregnancy and tumorigenesis. This expression pattern is consistent with an angiogenic function for RasGRP3. Although a loss-of-function mutation in RasGRP3 did not affect viability, RasGRP3 was up-regulated in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, placing RasGRP3 regulation downstream of VEGF signaling. Phorbol esters mimic the second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) in activating both protein kinase C (PKC) and non-PKC phorbol ester receptors such as RasGRP3. ES cell-derived wild-type blood vessels exposed to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) underwent extensive aberrant morphogenesis that resulted in the formation of large endothelial sheets rather than properly branched vessels. This response to PMA was completely dependent on the presence of RasGRP3, as mutant vessels were refractory to the treatment. Taken together, these findings show that endothelial RasGRP3 is up-regulated in response to VEGF stimulation and that RasGRP3 functions as an endothelial cell phorbol ester receptor in a pathway whose stimulation perturbs normal angiogenesis. This suggests that RasGRP3 activity may exacerbate vascular complications in diseases characterized by excess DAG, such as diabetes.
Homology between rat liver RNA populations during development, regeneration, and neoplasia. (1985)

To investigate the degree of homology which may exist between rat liver RNA populations during development, regeneration, and neoplasia, we hybridized polyadenylated RNAs from (a) normal adult, (b) 24-h regenerating, (c) 20-day fetal livers, and (d) the transplantable Morris hepatoma 5123tc to homologous and heterologous complementary DNAs and to cDNAs enriched for sequences preferentially transcribed in either adult or fetal liver. We also compared the in vitro translation products of these RNAs. Analyses of normal adult, regenerating, and fetal liver RNA populations and their translation products show that the overall pattern of gene expression during liver regeneration differs little from that of normal adult rat liver and that mature hepatocytes do not appear to revert to an "immature" state upon reentering the cell cycle. Comparisons between fetal, normal adult, and tumor RNA populations revealed that RNA populations from fetal liver and the 5123tc tumor lack sequences normally expressed in the mature adult liver. However, the tumor does not "reexpress" sequences which are preferentially expressed in fetal livers.
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibition improves incretin sensitivity of pancreatic β‐cells in people with type 2 diabetes (2017)

Dapagliflozin improved β-cell responses to incretin hormones as well as glucose during the hyperglycaemic clamp in patients with inadequately controlled T2DM.
Screen-Printable Silver Pastes with Metallic Nano-Zinc and Nano-Zinc Alloys for Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells (2011)

Silver metallization pastes for crystalline silicon PV cells containing nanosized metallic zinc were found to be superior to commercial pastes containing micrometer-sized metallic zinc and micrometer sized zinc oxide in terms of efficiency and firing window. Efficiency performance decreases as the size of the particles increases: nano-Zn > 3.6 μm Zn > 4.4 μm Zn. Advanced electron microscopy techniques were used to investigate the interfacial microstructure between the front-side contact and the Si emitter of nanosized zinc additive based cells fired at temperatures from below to above optimal. These microstructural observations confirmed the possibility of a tunneling mechanism of current flow (a "nano-Ag colloid assisted tunneling" model) in the absence of Ag crystallites. Contact resistance maps were used to guide sampling, leading to a better understanding of the relationship between microstructure and contact resistance. Low contact resistance and higher cell efficiency, especially at under- and overfiring temperature conditions, are due to more uniform silicon nitride etching obtained through the use of nanosized metallic zinc additives.
A peptide from thrombospondin 1 modulates experimental erosive arthritis by regulating connective tissue growth factor (2006)

These results document a role for TSP-1 in regulating CTGF gene and protein expression in synovial tissue, suggesting a link with the disease course in this model of RA. This TSP-1-derived synthetic peptide may represent an important template for drug development in RA and other inflammatory conditions associated with neutrophil activation.
Dynamic Taguchi Methods and Parameter Design as Applied in Barcode Scanning and Scanners (2005)

In this article, the dynamic Taguchi methodology is applied to the design of a barcode scanner. The concurrent engineering process involves a team of design and manufacturing engineers engaged in both hardware and software aspects of the product. The purpose of this experimental study is to determine the correlation between the outcomes of the conventional design and Taguchi optimization. The main contribution of this work in the design of scanners include: (a) application of the Taguchi methodology to yield an optimum design for scanning and comparing it to the analytical design, and (b) proving the existing opto-mechanical design to be optimum, within the signal processing capabilities. Experimental design using orthogonal arrays is established, and experiments of scanning on different barcode designs are conducted. The ideal function of the dynamic methodology is identified and the control and noise factors are chosen for the experimental design. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios and sensitivity are calculated using the equations of dynamic Taguchi methodology. Missing data in experiments, due to the combination of extreme ranges of design parameters, are treated by the sequential approximation method. A theoretical optimum unit is assembled and tested as confirmation of the experimental design, based on the response charts for both S/N ratio and sensitivity. The results of the confirmation experiment show that the performance of the scanner design, based on the criterion of the S/N ratios, has improved.
Group Invariant Scattering (2011)

This paper constructs translation invariant operators on L2(R^d), which are Lipschitz continuous to the action of diffeomorphisms. A scattering propagator is a path ordered product of non-linear and non-commuting operators, each of which computes the modulus of a wavelet transform. A local integration defines a windowed scattering transform, which is proved to be Lipschitz continuous to the action of diffeomorphisms. As the window size increases, it converges to a wavelet scattering transform which is translation invariant. Scattering coefficients also provide representations of stationary processes. Expected values depend upon high order moments and can discriminate processes having the same power spectrum. Scattering operators are extended on L2 (G), where G is a compact Lie group, and are invariant under the action of G. Combining a scattering on L2(R^d) and on Ld (SO(d)) defines a translation and rotation invariant scattering on L2(R^d).
436. Developing a Synthetic DNA Vaccine for an Emerging Pathogen - Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (2016)

Background: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia when a patient died from severe respiratory disease caused by a novel betacorona virus, MERS-CoV. Through November 2015, there have been 1618 confirmed global cases of MERS-CoV infection and 579 deaths reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). Currently, no vaccine or specific treatment is available and patients are treated with supportive care based on their clinical condition. While most MERS cases occur in and around Saudi Arabia, the recent outbreak in Korea highlights the potential for this disease to spread beyond the immediate region. A vaccine is needed to prevent future disease caused by MERS-CoV. Methods: A synthetic DNA MERS vaccine was generated using a consensus sequence of the MERS spike protein. Mice, dromedary camels, and non-human primates (NHP) were immunized with MERS-vaccine by intramuscular injection followed by electroporation. Cellular immune responses were measured by flow cytometry and IFNγ ELISpot. Humoral immune responses were measured by ELISA and neutralizing antibody (nAb) assay. Following immunization, NHPs were challenged with infectious MERS-CoV (EMC/2012) and monitored for signs of infection by clinical scoring and examinations. Viral load was measured by qRT-PCR and tissue sections were stained with H&E. Results: Immunization of mice with MERS-vaccine induced strong humoral and cellular responses. Mice produced strong binding antibody (bAb) titers and nAb titers. A strong, polyfunctional, CD4 and CD8 T cell response was detected against multiple epitopes across the MERS spike protein. Immunization of dromedary camels induced the production of MERS spike specific antibodies and nAbs. Immunization of NHPs induced strong bAb titers and nAb titers and a strong CD4 and CD8 T cell response. NHPs immunized with multiple vaccination regimens were also protected from signs of disease upon challenge with infectious MERS-CoV and showed a greater than 3 log reduction in viral load after challenge compared to unvaccinated animals. Conclusions: A consensus DNA MERS-vaccine was able to generate both a strong T cell and neutralizing antibody response in multiple animal models, including camels, a natural host for MERS-CoV and a probable source of human infection. MERS-vaccine was also able to protect NHPs from an infectious MERS-CoV challenge. These results demonstrate the promise of this consensus DNA MERS-vaccine as a candidate for vaccine development.
What can computer-synthesized speech tell us about the language comprehension impairment of adults with residual dysphasia? (1976)

Men with chronic, focal brain-wounds were examined for their ability to discriminate (1) nonverbal complex tones, (2) computer-synthesized steady state vowels, (3) computer-synthesized stop-consonant-vowel syllables with 40-msec duration formant transitions, and (4) synthesized stop-consonant-vowel syllables with 80-msec-duration formant transitions. Subjects with a language comprehension deficit (as measured by the token test) were selectively impaired in their ability to respond correctly to rapidly changing acoustic stimuli, regardless of whether they were verbal or nonverbal. Subject's degree of perceptual impairment was highly correlated with their degree of language comprehension impairment. These adult dysphasics pattern of impairment on these perceptual tests is similar to that found in children with developmental dysphasia [P. Tallal and M. F. Piercy, Neuropsychologia 11, 389–398 (1973); 12, 83–93 (1974); 13, 69–74 (1975)]. [We are grateful to the Grant Foundation of New York and the Medical Research Council of Great Britain for supporting this research.]
Determination of the Apparent Activation Energy of Concrete: Ea. Semi-Adiabatic Tests of Heat Development (1998)

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Ramp-up Journey of New Hires (2017)

Software companies regularly recruit skilled and talented employees to meet evolving business requirements. Although companies expect early contributions, new hires often take several weeks to reach the same productivity level as existing employees. We refer to this transition of new hires from novices to experts as ramp-up journey. There can be various factors such as lack of technical skills or lack of familiarity with the process that influence the ramp-up journey of new hires. The goal of our work is to identify those factors and study their influence on the ramp-up journey. We expect the results from this study to help identify the need of various types of assistance to new hires to ramp-up faster. As a first step towards our goal, this paper explores the impact of two strategic practices, namely distributed development and internship on the ramp-up journey of new hires. Our results show that new hires in proximity to the core development team and new hires with prior internship experience perform better than others in the beginning. In the overall ramp-up journey, the effect of the two factors attenuates, yet nevertheless better compared to their counterparts. Product teams can use this information to pay special attention to non-interns and use better tools for distributed, cooperative work to help new hires ramp-up faster.
Motion-corrected supine breast MRI with online reconstruction (2023)

A standard breast MRI protocol implies prone position. Supine position has multiple advantages; however, it requires motion correction. In this work we present our results on retrospective nonrigid motion correction of supine breast MRI on 7 healthy volunteers. A respiratory belt was used to capture the chest movements. Images were reconstructed online and fully automatically, including physiological data recording and its transfer to the reconstruction server. It was shown that application of the selected motion correction method improves image sharpness on 32-47% which was cofirmed by visual observations.
Ground state vibrational randomization in alkylbenzenes (1983)

Measurements of intramolecular vibrational randomization (IVR) previously carried out on the S1 excited state of a series of jet-cooled alkylbenzenes have been extended to the ground electronic state. The ground state ring modes 6b, 1, and 12 were conveniently activatd by pulsed laser excitation of the 000 vibronic band of the S1←S0 ultraviolet absorption system, followed by fluorescence. The onset of IVR was then probed by resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) of these vibrationally activated ground state alkylbenzenes. When the alkyl chain exceeded three carbon atoms in length, the hot band 1201 (Ev∼1010 cm−1) was found to be absent from the R2PI-probed spectrum, while the 6b01 hot band (Ev∼625 cm−1) remained easily observable through n-pentylbenzene. This overall pattern of IVR is essentially the same as that observed previously in the S1 excited state. In both electronic states, the only effective barrier to vibrational energy decay from the ring to the chain appears to be an inadequate density of states. Above the critical state density, IVR appears to be complete, and this critical state density appears to be about the same in both the ground and excited electronic states.
Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Point Mutations Using Allele-Specific Oligonucleotides (2001)

Modern gene-mapping can include linkage studies, which correlate the presence of disease to broad genomic regions in either small or large family units, and association studies, which can narrow the location of a disease-predisposing trait to a single gene using either case-control or family data. This unit provides an overview of key concepts and presents guidelines for collecting diagnostic, epidemiological, and genealogical data from potential study participants. The commentary discusses the use of publicly available data from online resources, methods for evaluating evidence of genetic versus environmental influences in a disease or disease-related endophenotype, and use of e-forms to capture data electronically. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 72:1.1.1-1.1.20 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Clinical mutational profiling of bone metastases of lung and colon carcinoma and malignant melanoma using next‐generation sequencing (2016)

Next-generation sequencing assays demonstrated clinical utility in metastatic bone specimens. FNA (smear and cell block) and core-biopsy specimens provided adequate resources of nucleic acids for molecular profiling of metastatic bone lesions. The current findings suggest the need for developing specific tissue procurement and processing protocols for bone metastases and greater use of small biopsy and FNA specimens. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:744-53. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Behavior of nanoceria in biologically-relevant environments (2014)

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) have gained considerable attention in biological research due to their anti-oxidant like behaviour and regenerative nature.
Chimie des matériaux hybrides (2012)

Leçon inaugurale prononcée le 10 février 2011 Chaire de Chimie des matériaux hybrides Dans le monde vivant, la nature est souvent amenée à combiner des composantes organiques et minérales pour créer des nano-composites très performants. Les coquillages, les carapaces des crustacés, les os sont quelques exemples de matériaux hybrides naturels. Pour comprendre ces systèmes complexes et maîtriser leur construction, le chimiste met en œuvre des expériences qui permettent d’analyser tous les états de la matière, de la molécule au matériau. Un de ses défis est l’élaboration bio-inspirée de matériaux hybrides à structures hiérarchiques. À l’interface de la chimie, de la physique, de la biologie et de la science des matériaux, la chimie des matériaux hybrides a déjà intégré de nombreux domaines d’application (automobile, construction, textile, cosmétique, micro-optique, micro-électronique, revêtements fonctionnels, sciences environnementales et biomédicales).
Persistent transcriptional programs are associated with remote memory in diverse cells of the medial prefrontal cortex (2019)

Abstract It is thought that memory is stored in ‘engrams’, a subset of neurons that undergo learning-induced alterations. The role of gene-expression during learning and short-term memory has been studied extensively, but little is known about remote memory that can persist for a lifetime. Using long-term contextual fear memory as a paradigm, an activity-dependent transgenic model for engram-specific labeling, and single-cell transcriptomics we probed the gene-expression landscape underlying remote memory consolidation and recall in the medial prefrontal cortex. Remarkably, we find sustained activity-specific transcriptional alterations in diverse populations of neurons that persist even weeks after fear-learning and are distinct from those previously identified in learning. Out of a vast plasticity-coding space, we uncover select membrane-fusion genes that could play important roles in maintaining remote memory traces. Unexpectedly, astrocytes and microglia also acquire new persistent gene signatures upon recall of remote memory, suggesting that they actively contribute to memory circuits. Our discovery of novel distinct gene-expression programs involved in long term memory adds an important dimension of activity-dependent cellular states to existing brain taxonomy atlases and sheds light on the elusive mechanisms of remote memory storage.