gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frr for latency reduction and qos provisioning in obs networks (2003)

We propose a forward resource reservation (FRR) scheme to reduce the data burst delay at edge nodes in optical burst switching (OBS) systems. We also explore algorithms to implement the various intrinsic features of the FRR scheme. Linear predictive filter (LPF)-based methods are investigated and demonstrated to be effective for dynamic burst-length prediction. An aggressive resource reservation algorithm is proposed to deliver a significant performance improvement with controllable bandwidth cost. By reserving resources in an aggressive manner, an FRR system can reduce both the signaling retransmission probability and the bandwidth wastage as compared with a system without the aggressive reservation. An FRR-based QoS strategy is also proposed to achieve burst delay differentiation for different classes of traffic. Theoretical analysis and simulation results verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithms and show that our FRR scheme yields a significant delay reduction for time-critical traffic without incurring a deleterious bandwidth overhead.
Actinic characterization of EUV bump-type phase defects (2011)

Despite tremendous progress and learning with EUV lithography, quantitative experimental information about the severity of point-like phase defects remains in short supply. We present a study of measured, EUV aerial images from a series of well-characterized, open-field, bump-type programmed phase defects, created on a substrate before multilayer deposition.
Synthesis and characterization of polyimides and polyamide‐imides containing azomethine linkages (1992)

Abstract Polyimides and polyamide‐imides containing azomethine linkages in the polymer backbone have been synthesized from 4,4′‐bis(4‐isocyanatobenzylidene)‐diaminodiphenylether (ODAI), 4,4′‐bis(4‐isocyanatobenzylidene)‐diaminodiphenyl‐methane (MADI), 4,4′‐bis(4‐isocyanatobenzylidene)‐diaminodiphenylsulphone (SDAI), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), and trimellitic anhydride (TMA), by a one‐step process. The diisocyanates ODAI, MDAI and SDAI were prepared from the corresponding diacids, namely, 4,4′‐bis(4‐carboxybenzylidene)‐diaminodiphenylether (ODAA), 4,4′‐bis(4‐carboxybenzylidene)‐diaminodiphenylmethane (MDAA) and 4,4′‐bis‐(4‐carboxybenzylidene)‐diaminodiphenylsulphone (SDAA) by a Weinstock‐modified Curtius rearrangement method. All the polycondensation reactions were conducted in N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) under identical conditions and the polymers obtained were characterized by IR spectroscopy, solution viscosity, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction.
Photopolymerization of Functionalized Monomers Derived from Oleic Acid (2016)

(Meth)acrylated methyl oleates substituted with a hydroxy or bromo group were synthesized starting from oleic acid. The latter belongs to materials derived from renewable resources. These new hydroxy or bromo substituted methacrylated methyl oleates possess a higher reactivity compared to lauryl methacrylate in photoinitiated polymerization using Ivocerin as photoinitiator. Hydroxy acrylated methyl oleate is more efficient in photopolymerization compared to bromo acrylated methyl oleate and lauryl acrylate in the presence of both nitrogen and air. Furthermore, the (meth)acrylated methyl oleates are interesting in applications for coatings because the design of the monomers opens a certain oxygen barrier function.
High performance evolutionary optimization for batter of the water network II (2012)

Previously published works prove that evolutionary algorithms outperform the conventional optimization techniques in optimizing the design of water distribution systems. However, due to the high dimensionality (large number of optimization variables) and intensive computation (large number of solution evaluations), it is becoming a challenge to optimize the design of a system e.g. the Battle of the Water Network II (BWN-II), which is required to consider to schedule the pump operation over a long period of 168 hours and also compute water age. In this paper, a high performance optimization tool, based on competent genetic algorithm (GA), is employed for solving the problem. The solution method is formulated to allow optimization runs to be taken in multiple steps with the selected decision variables with the corresponding objective and constraints. The approach enable iterative optimization of parallel pipes, new pipe sizes, tank volumes to be expanded, and pump operation controls under normal operation conditions, and also the number of standby diesel engines to be installed at pump stations for power outage scenarios. With the parallelized competent GA framework, which can be run on single many-core computer and a cluster of many-core computers, the integrated method ensures computation efficiency speedup and achieves the optimized solution of good quality for BWN-II problem.
Chemical Modification of DNA with Muta-Carcinogens. II. Base Sequence-Specific Binding to DNA of 2-Amino-6-methyl-dipyrido[1,2-a:3 prime ,2 prime -d]imidazole (Glu-P-1) (1985)

2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1) binds covalently to DNA after metabolic activation to give 2-(C8-guanyl)amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Gua-Glu-P-1). The importance of the intercalative ability of the Glu-P-1 skeleton into DNA base pairs for this reaction is emphasized. The reactive form of Glu-P-1, N-acetoxy-Glu-P-1 (N-OAc-Glu-P-1), reacts preferentially at the C8 position of guanine residues in G-C-rich regions of DNA.
New Peptaibols from Mycogone cervina (2004)

From cultures of Mycogone cervina, a mycophilic fungus growing on the fruit bodies of ascomycete Paxina acetabulum, two new peptaibols (cervinin, N-Ac-Leu-Aib-Pro-Aib-Leu-Aib-Pro-Ala-Aib-Pro-Val-red-Leu (1) and the red-Leu O-acetylated derivative 2) were isolated. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. They exhibited weak antibacterial as well as cytotoxic activities. They are the first secondary metabolites described from M. cervina.
Colorimetric quantification of linking in thermoreversible nanocrystal gel assemblies (2021)

Nanocrystal gel networks can be responsive, tunable materials, but deliberately designing their structure and controlling their properties have been challenging. By employing reversibly bonded molecular linkers, gelation can be realized under conditions predicted by thermodynamics. But, simulations have offered the only microscopic insights, with no experimental means to monitor linking leading to gelation. Here, we introduce a metal coordination linkage with a distinct optical signature allowing us to quantify linking in situ and establish the structural and thermodynamic basis for assembly. Due to coupling between linked indium tin oxide nanocrystals, their infrared absorption shifts abruptly at a chemically tunable gelation temperature. We quantify bonding spectroscopically and use molecular dynamics simulations to understand bonding motifs as a function of temperature, revealing that gel formation is governed by reaching a critical number of effective links that extend the nanocrystal network. Microscopic insights from our colorimetric linking chemistry enable switchable gels based on equilibrium thermodynamic principles, opening the door to rational design of programmable nanocrystal net-work assemblies.
Crystal studies of heterocyclic compounds containing one oxygen and two nitrogen atoms. VI. N,N'-Bis(methylsulfonyl)perhydro-1,4,7-oxadiazecine. VII. N,N'-Bis(phenylsulfonyl)perhydro-1,5,7-oxadiazecine (1988)

Crystal studies of heterocyclic compounds containing one oxygen and two nitrogen atoms. VI. N,N'-Bis(methylsulfonyl)perhydro-1,4,7-oxadiazecine. VII. N,N'-Bis(phenylsulfonyl)perhydro-1,5,7-oxadiazecine
Fabrication and Evaluation of GaN Layer Composed of m- and {1011} Facet Structure (2013)

We grew a GaN layer on a -6.5°-off-angle n -plane patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) by selective-area growth from a sapphire sidewall. A uniform GaN layer with alternately arranged m - and {1011} facets on the surface was obtained on the PSS. Multiple quantum wells (MQWs) on the GaN template showed multicolor emission owing to their different structures. The peak wavelength of the MQWs on the {1011} facet of 440 nm was longer than that in the case of 405 nm on the m -facet.
Re-Configurable Orbital Mirrors for Lunar Illumination (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1696.vid A space-based optical system is proposed to provide lunar surface illumination. The architecture has been analyzed from the perspectives of the photon flux, the spacecraft and attitude control system necessary to support the mirrors and orbital constellation. Three constellation options are considered, providing continuous coverage to the polar regions (constellation A), equator (constellation B) and entire lunar surface (constellation C). Light flux values are evaluated for all three options, with different mirror sizes and ground spot diameters. Illumination equivalent to Earth twilight, or better, can be provided to the lunar surface, depending on the configuration. Possible mirror designs may be rigid or flexible, and preliminary concepts are explored. The orbit maintenance costs are also considered, as well as slewing requirements which are found to be within state-of-the-art capabilities. The single layer constellations A and B offer simplicity and minimize elevation to polar and equatorial regions, respectively. Option C, with its two orbital layers, offers significant flexibility in both spot size and achievable total photon flux, while providing global lunar coverage, but at the cost of higher complexity and slewing costs.
The total synthesis of (-)slaframine and the synthesis of triazole analogues of dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids. (1991)

The ability to synthesize optically active indolizidine alkaloids by the same general strategy is the goal of our research. One example of these alkaloids is slaframine. Three routes to this alkaloid have been examined as a means to provide a general and stereoselective route to this class of compounds. One route which was studied was the use of the equivalent of a nitrene-diene cycloaddition to prepare the indolizidine skeleton. The stereoselective cyclization of (S)(E)-N-benzyl-N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-7-amino-8-azido-3-(phenylthio)octa-1,3-diene gave (6S,8aR)-3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-N-benzyl-N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-6-amino-1-(phenylthio)indolizine (1). This compound could not be converted to slaframine. Reduction of 1 gave (6S,8aR)-6-aminoindolizidine (8a-epidesacetoxyslaframine, 2). The second route examined utilized a cyclopropylimine rearrangement to form the indolizidine skeleton. The rearrangement of (S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-N-benzyl-N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-5-amino-2-cyclopropylpyridine gave (S)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-N-benzyl-N-benzyloxycarbonyl)-6-aminoindolizine. Oxygenation of this compound did not proceed in a stereoselective manner. Reduction of this compound gave 2. A third method for the synthesis of slaframine used the intramolecular opening of an epoxide with an amine, followed by an intramolecular alkylation of the amine. Cyclization of (3S,4R,7S)-N-benzyl-N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-7-amino-8-amino-3,4-epoxy-1-(p-tolylsulfonyl)oxyoctane gave (1S,6S,8aS)-N-benzyl-N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-6-amino-1-hydroxyindolizidine. This compound was then converted to the natural enantiomer of slaframine in two steps. This is the first total synthesis of the natural enantiomer of slaframine. 1,8a-Diepislaframine was also synthesized by the same route. In a separate research project, analogues of the dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids were prepared as potential antitumor agents. These compounds are reported to act as alkylating agents in vivo. Their very reactive nature makes them unsuitable as medicinal agents. Bicyclic triazoles containing two electrophilic sites were prepared as less reactive analogues of these alkaloids. One example of these triazoles is 4-acetoxy-3-acetoxymethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo (1,2-c) (1,2,3) triazole. The triazoles were prepared by the intramolecular cycloaddition of an azide onto an alkyne. The triazoles prepared were not active as antitumor agents in biological tests performed by the National Cancer Institute.
38 GHz and 60 GHz angle-dependent propagation for cellular &amp; peer-to-peer wireless communications (2012)

As the cost of massively broadband® semiconductors continue to be driven down at millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequencies, there is great potential to use LMDS spectrum (in the 28-38 GHz bands) and the 60 GHz band for cellular/mobile and peer-to-peer wireless networks. This work presents urban cellular and peer-to-peer RF wideband channel measurements using a broadband sliding correlator channel sounder and steerable antennas at carrier frequencies of 38 GHz and 60 GHz, and presents measurements showing the propagation time delay spread and path loss as a function of separation distance and antenna pointing angles for many types of real-world environments. The data presented here show that at 38 GHz, unobstructed Line of Site (LOS) channels obey free space propagation path loss while non-LOS (NLOS) channels have large multipath delay spreads and can exploit many different pointing angles to provide propagation links. At 60 GHz, there is notably more path loss, smaller delay spreads, and fewer unique antenna angles for creating a link. For both 38 GHz and 60 GHz, we demonstrate empirical relationships between the RMS delay spread and antenna pointing angles, and observe that excess path loss (above free space) has an inverse relationship with transmitter-to-receiver separation distance.
Comments on the benchmarks in "A proposal for improving the accuracy of Linguistic Modeling" and related articles (2003)

In the above paper by Cordon and Herrara (IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst., vol. 8, p. 335-44, 2000), the so-called accurate linguistic modeling (ALM) method was proposed to improve the accuracy of linguistic fuzzy models. A number of examples are given to demonstrate the benefits of the approach. We show that: 1) these examples are not suitable as benchmarks or demonstrators of nonlinear modeling techniques and 2) better results can be obtained by using both standard regression tools as well as other fuzzy modeling techniques. We argue that benchmark examples that are used in articles to demonstrate the effectiveness of fuzzy modeling techniques should be selected with great care. Critical analysis of the results should be made and linear models should be regarded as a lower bound on the acceptable performance.
CD8+ T cells and not CD4+ T cells are hyporesponsive to CD28- and CD40L-mediated activation in HIV-infected subjects (1997)

T cell dysfunction in HIV-infected subjects could be the consequence of altered sensitivity of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells to various costimulatory signals. Therefore, we studied proliferation and cytokine production in highly purified CD8+ and CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected and HIV- subjects, induced by co-activation via cell-bound CD80, CD86 and CD40 or by allo-activation. Regardless of the nature of the first and the costimulatory signal, CD8+ T cells from patients proliferated consistently less than controls, while responses from CD4+ T cells were similar in patients and controls. This phenomenon was observed after ligation of CD28 combined with anti-CD3 or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), but also after allogeneic stimulation and after activation by CD40 and anti-CD3. Anti-CD3 combined with CD80 or CD86 induced a mixed Th1/Th2-type cytokine profile in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from controls, whereas anti-CD3 plus CD40 induced only low levels of Th2-type cytokines and no interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in CD4+ T cells. Compared with controls, CD4+ T cells from patients produced slightly lower levels of IL-10 but equal amounts of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-5, while CD8+ T cells from patients produced less of all cytokines tested. In conclusion, responses of purified CD4+ T cells from HIV+ subjects to various costimulatory pathways are relatively intact, whereas CD8+ T cells are hyporesponsive at the level of proliferation and cytokine production. A generalized intrinsic CD8+ T cell failure might contribute to viral and neoplastic complications of HIV infection.
“Chimie douce”: A land of opportunities for the designed construction of functional inorganic and hybrid organic-inorganic nanomaterials (2009)

“Chimie douce” based strategies allow, through the deep knowledge of materials chemistry and processing, the birth of the molecular engineering of nanomaterials. This feature article will highlight some of the main research accomplishments we have performed during the last years. We describe successively the design and properties of: sol–gel derived hybrids, Nano Building Blocks (NBBs) based hybrid materials, nanostructured porous materials proceeds as thin films and ultra-thin films, aerosol processed mesoporous powders and finally hierarchically structured materials. The importance of the control of the hybrid interfaces via the use of modern tools as DOSY NMR, SAXS, WAXS, Ellipsometry that are very useful to evaluate in situ the hybrid interfaces and the self-assembly processes is emphasized. Some examples of the optical, photocatalytic, electrochemical and mechanical properties of the resulting inorganic or hybrid nanomaterials are also presented.
Endothelial cells are required for inhibition of contractile responses induced by reduction in extracellular magnesium and sodium ions in rat aortic smooth muscle [corrected]. (1990)

The possible importance of facilitation of sodium-calcium (Na(+)-Ca2+) exchange by removal of extracellular magnesium ions ([Mg2+]o) in expression of endothelium-dependent relaxation was investigated in aortic rings isolated from female rats. Simultaneous [Mg2+]o withdrawal (0 mM Mg2+) and reduction in extracellular Na+ (Total [Na+]o = 84 mM), by replacement of NaCl with isosmolar amounts of sucrose in normal Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (NKRB), induced significant increases of basal tone of denuded rat aortic rings, but not in tissues with intact endothelium. These vascular effects were not affected by indomethacin, phentolamine or atropine in any of the tissues tested. Reintroduction of 1.2 mM Mg2+ or removal of extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o) from the Mg2+ and Na(+)-deficient incubation media induced complete relaxation of the denuded tissues. Methylene blue (10(-5) M), an inhibitor of endothelium-derived relaxant factor (EDRF), potentiated tension development in intact tissues. These results suggest that: (1) as in vascular muscle, Mg2+ plays an important role in Ca2+ homeostasis in endothelial cells (EC), probably via Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange; and (2) such Mg(+)-regulated internal Na(+)-dependent Ca2+ entry participates in the expression of endothelium-dependent relaxation.
Atypical presentation of stroke in a person with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (2021)

Abstract A 62‐year‐old man with type 1 diabetes mellitus presented to hospital with new onset anterograde amnesia in the absence of any other focal neurology or visual deficit. Computed tomography of his head revealed an established fronto‐parietal infarct – however, it failed to detect the culprit acute infarct in the left temporal and occipital lobe, which was subsequently revealed by diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. This posterior cerebral artery stroke is thought to have been caused by thrombotic emboli. This case highlights an atypical stroke presentation in the context of multiple endocrine comorbidities, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, coeliac disease and previously treated hyperthyroidism. This raises the possibility of an autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome. The patient was managed by the stroke and diabetes teams and is currently receiving cognitive rehabilitation in the community. Learning points from this case hinge around recognition of atypical stroke presentations, the limitations of computed tomography in patients with stroke and the contributions that endocrine comorbidities may add to the risk of stroke. Copyright © 2021 John Wiley &amp; Sons.
D306 Flow regime identification and flow visualization by using reflected ultrasonic intensity (2006)

The objective of this paper is to develop a method for flow regime identification by using reflected ultrasonic intensity. This study applies ultrasonic signal and measures strength of the reflected signal from bubbles in bubbly flow, slug flow, annular flow and single-phase flow. This study is performed in an air-water circular pipe with a diameter of 50 mm. The total height of this apparatus is 7 m. The reflected ultrasonic intensity values from gas phase in wall-peak and core-peak bubbly flow, slug flow, annular flow and single-phase are obtained. Summation patterns of the normalized positive ultrasonic intensity of each repetition in 3 seconds of core-peak bubbly flow, wall-peak bubbly flow, slug flow, annular flow and single-phase flow in the three areas, the area at near the ultrasonic intensity probe, the area at the middle of pipe and the area at far from the ultrasonic intensity probe, are shown and discussed in this study.
Magnetic Configuration Driven Femtosecond Spin Dynamics in Synthetic Antiferromagnets (2022)

Ultrafast demagnetization in diverse materials has sparked immense research activities due to its captivating richness and contested underlying mechanisms. Among these, the two most celebrated mechanisms have been the spin-flip scattering (SFS) and spin transport (ST) of optically excited carriers. In this work, we have investigated femtosecond laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy-based synthetic antiferromagnets (p-SAFs) where [Co/Pt]<sub><i>n</i>-1</sub>/Co multilayer blocks are separated by Ru or Ir spacers. Our investigation conclusively shows that the ST of optically excited carriers can have a significant contribution to the ultrafast demagnetization in addition to SFS processes. Moreover, we have also achieved an active control over the individual mechanisms by specially designing the SAF samples and altering the external magnetic field and excitation fluence. Our study provides a vital understanding of the underlying mechanism of ultrafast demagnetization in synthetic antiferromagnets, which will be crucial in future research and applications of antiferromagnetic spintronics.
On the Achievable Coverage and Uplink Capacity of Machine-Type Communications (MTC) in LTE Release 13 (2016)

LTE Release 13 has introduced coverage enhancement (CE) mode "CE Mode B" to support MTC deployments that require medium-to-large CE, compared to the baseline LTE coverage for voice communications. In this paper, we describe the operation of CE Mode B for the supported physical data and control channels, and study the dimensioning of this mode for each of these channels. We provide link-level simulation results for CE Mode B, which illustrate the possibility of MTC operation at a coupling loss up to 160 dB. Further, we study the achievable uplink capacity in terms of the blocking probability of new scheduling requests. Finally for a few representative scenarios, we show that the existing LTE configurations can provide sufficient uplink capacity.