gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}_{\textsf{OSS}}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> Measurements for Superjunction MOSFETs: Limitations and Opportunities (2018)

Small-signal measurements of output capacitance (C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OSS</sub> ) are ubiquitous in power semiconductor datasheets and determine critical features of power converters. For silicon superjunction power MOSFETs (SJs), we report C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OSS</sub> measurements with two key anomalies: variation with ac perturbation frequency and hysteresis with dc sweep direction. Using mixed-mode simulations, we attribute the frequency shift to the fundamental SJ structure and find that dc hysteresis is caused by charge trapping from uneven depletion fronts. We show that C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OSS</sub> measurements on SJs do not accurately characterize large-signal operation, underestimating stored energy by up to four times and giving no indication of C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OSS</sub> losses.
RNA polymerase II-driven CRISPR-Cas9 system for efficient non-growth-biased metabolic engineering of Kluyveromyces marxianus (2022)

The thermotolerant yeast <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> has gained significant attention in recent years as a promising microbial candidate for industrial biomanufacturing. Despite several contributions to the expanding molecular toolbox for gene expression and metabolic engineering of <i>K. marxianus</i>, there remains a need for a more efficient and versatile genome editing platform. To address this, we developed a CRISPR-based editing system that enables high efficiency marker-less gene disruptions and integrations using only 40 bp homology arms in NHEJ functional and non-functional <i>K. marxianus</i> strains. The use of a strong RNA polymerase II promoter allows efficient expression of gRNAs flanked by the self-cleaving RNA structures, tRNA and HDV ribozyme, from a single plasmid co-expressing a codon optimized Cas9. Implementing this system resulted in nearly 100% efficiency of gene disruptions in both NHEJ-functional and NHEJ-deficient <i>K. marxianus</i> strains, with donor integration efficiencies reaching 50% and 100% in the two strains, respectively. The high gRNA targeting performance also proved instrumental for selection of engineered strains with lower growth rate but improved polyketide biosynthesis by avoiding an extended outgrowth period, a common method used to enrich for edited cells but that fails to recover advantageous mutants with even slightly impaired fitness. Finally, we provide the first demonstration of simultaneous, markerless integrations at multiple loci in <i>K. marxianus</i> using a 2.6 kb and a 7.6 kb donor, achieving a dual integration efficiency of 25.5% in a NHEJ-deficient strain. These results highlight both the ease of use and general robustness of this system for rapid and flexible metabolic engineering in this non-conventional yeast.
Co-produced natural ketolides methymycin and pikromycin inhibit bacterial growth by preventing synthesis of a limited number of proteins (2017)

Antibiotics methymycin (MTM) and pikromycin (PKM), co-produced by Streptomyces venezuelae, represent minimalist macrolide protein synthesis inhibitors. Unlike other macrolides, which carry several side chains, a single desosamine sugar is attached to the macrolactone ring of MTM and PKM. In addition, the macrolactone scaffold of MTM is smaller than in other macrolides. The unusual structure of MTM and PKM and their simultaneous secretion by S. venezuelae bring about the possibility that two compounds would bind to distinct ribosomal sites. However, by combining genetic, biochemical and crystallographic studies, we demonstrate that MTM and PKM inhibit translation by binding to overlapping sites in the ribosomal exit tunnel. Strikingly, while MTM and PKM readily arrest the growth of bacteria, ∼40% of cellular proteins continue to be synthesized even at saturating concentrations of the drugs. Gel electrophoretic analysis shows that compared to other ribosomal antibiotics, MTM and PKM prevent synthesis of a smaller number of cellular polypeptides illustrating a unique mode of action of these antibiotics.
Multi-wavelength hybrid silicon lasers for optical interconnects (2013)

Future high-capacity optical interconnects will require a wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) approach, where signals are carried by a densely spaced grid of optical frequencies. WDM sources would either consist of an array of single-frequency lasers or a single source that can generate all optical frequencies at once. For terabit per second links and beyond, fully integrated solutions will become the technology of choice. Photonic integration on the silicon photonics platform is an attractive solution when volumes scale up. When interconnect links, with volumes of 100ks to 1Ms per year, move into the hundreds of gigabit or even terabit per second range, these seem a prime application for silicon photonics. Heterogeneous integration of III/V materials, such as indium-phosphide (InP), gives the silicon photonics platform access to efficient optical sources, as required for WDM transmitters.
Caching of large database objects in Web servers (2002)

The popularity of the World Wide Web has been increasing at an exponential rate of late. As such growth was unanticipated, the infrastructure is increasingly experiencing problems. The combination of increased network bandwidth demand and overloaded servers results in increased data retrieval latency for the end-user. Caching data at appropriate points in the Web helps alleviate this problem. Almost all previous and existing Web servers use a flat file approach to store data, with use of database management systems (DBMSs) rudimentary, if extant at all. Storing pages in a file system may result in faster retrieval, but storing them in a DBMS gives the user greater administrative control. The use of a DBMS in a Web server, and the concomitant implication of frequently changing data, complicates the caching problem an Web-based applications. The Illustra Object Relational DBMS provides a flexible and user-friendly environment for building Web applications where all the server data is stored in the DBMS. The authors develop a caching scheme for large objects in the Web DataBlade module of the Illustra ORDBMS. Implementation details and preliminary performance results are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOINDUCED PROCESSES IN COPPER(II)‐CROWN ETHER SURFACTANT MICELLES (1980)

Abstract Die photoinduzierten Prozesse wurden an einem oberflächenaktiven Makrocyclus (I), der komplexierte Cu‐Ionen enthält, untersucht.
CAD-oriented general circuit description of uniform coupled lossy dispersive waveguide structures (1992)

A general full-wave circuit description of uniform coupled lossy dispersive waveguide structures is presented. Starting from Maxwell's equations, the generalized coupled telegrapher's equations are found directly, and the frequency dependent line parameter matrices R( omega ), G( omega ), L( omega ), and C( omega ) are defined in an unambiguous way. A symmetric high-frequency characteristic impedance matrix Z/sub c/( omega ) is introduced which is much more suited for circuit simulation purposes than traditional line-mode impedances. The reciprocity relation is explicitly taken into account. The complete power distribution over the different modes and different lines is calculated in a rigorous and concise way. The major advantage of this high-frequency model is its simple circuit-interpretation and its compatibility with the well-known quasi-static circuit models. The matrix formalism is used throughout. This guarantees a compact, easily implementable, and very general description which is well suited for CAD applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
COVID-19 and the Kidney: Should Nephrologists Care about COVID-19 rather than Maintaining Their Focus on Renal Patients? (2021)

Clinical Background: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly spread globally from late 2019, reaching pandemic proportions. Epidemiology: The related disease, COVID-19, exacerbates and progresses due to patients' abnormal inflammatory/immune responses, widespread endothelial damage, and complement-induced blood clotting with microangiopathy. COVID-19 manifests mainly as a respiratory illness. In cases of severe viral pneumonia, it may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, and death. Challenges: Many extrapulmonary manifestations commonly occur, and a substantial proportion of patients with severe COVID-19 exhibit signs of kidney damage. Clinically, kidney involvement ranges from mild/moderate proteinuria and hematuria to acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). The pathophysiologic mechanisms of kidney damage and AKI in patients with COVID-19 remain unclear but are known to be multifactorial. Current knowledge implies direct SARS-CoV-2-dependent effects on kidney cells (tubular epithelial cells and podocytes) and indirect mechanisms through the systemic effect of viral infection secondary to the critical pulmonary illness and its management. Prevention and Treatment: Standard-of-care strategies apply, as there is no specific evidence to suggest that COVID-19 AKI should be managed differently from other types in severely ill patients. If conservative management fails, RRT should be considered. The choice of RRT approaches and sequential extracorporeal therapies depends on local availability, resources, and expertise. The focus should now be on the long-term follow-up of COVID-19 patients, especially those who developed kidney injury and dysfunction. This represents an opportunity for integrated multidisciplinary research to clarify the natural history of COVID-19 renal sequelae and the best therapeutic interventions to mitigate them.
Airway smooth muscle dysfunction in Pompe (Gaa−/−) mice (2017)

Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid α-glucosidase (GAA), an enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing lysosomal glycogen. Deficiency of GAA leads to systemic glycogen accumulation in the lysosomes of skeletal muscle, motor neurons, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle and motor neuron pathology are known to contribute to respiratory insufficiency in Pompe disease, but the role of airway pathology has not been evaluated. Here we propose that GAA enzyme deficiency disrupts the function of the trachea and bronchi and this lower airway pathology contributes to respiratory insufficiency in Pompe disease. Using an established mouse model of Pompe disease, the <i>Gaa</i><sup>-/-</sup> mouse, we compared histology, pulmonary mechanics, airway smooth muscle (ASM) function, and calcium signaling between <i>Gaa</i><sup>-/-</sup> and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Lysosomal glycogen accumulation was observed in the smooth muscle of both the bronchi and the trachea in <i>Gaa</i><sup>-/-</sup> but not WT mice. Furthermore, <i>Gaa</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice had hyporesponsive airway resistance and bronchial ring contraction to the bronchoconstrictive agents methacholine (MCh) and potassium chloride (KCl) and to a bronchodilator (albuterol). Finally, calcium signaling during bronchiolar smooth muscle contraction was impaired in <i>Gaa</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice indicating impaired extracellular calcium influx. We conclude that GAA enzyme deficiency leads to glycogen accumulation in the trachea and bronchi and impairs the ability of lower ASM to regulate calcium and respond appropriately to bronchodilator or constrictors. Accordingly, ASM dysfunction may contribute to respiratory impairments in Pompe disease.
FPGA-based spectral envelope preprocessor for power monitoring and control (2010)

Smart Grid and Smart Meter initiatives seek to enable energy providers and consumers to intelligently manage their energy needs through real-time monitoring, analysis, and control. We have developed an inexpensive FPGA implementation of a spectral envelope preprocessor. This FPGA permits cost-effective and richly detailed power consumption monitoring for individual loads or collections of loads. It permits a flexible trade-off between data transmission, storage, and computation requirements in a power monitoring or control system. The information from the FPGA can be used to coordinate the operation of power electronic controls.
MALDI AND FAB MASS SPECTROMETRY OF NUCLEOSIDE TRIPHOSPHATES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY (1996)

Abstract Comparison of MALDI and FAB mass spectra of dATP, dTTP, dCTP, and dGTP shows that the former technique gives clear molecular ions with minimal fragmentation whereas the latter gives more fragment ions and weaker parent peaks.
Proteome‐minimized outer membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli as a generalized vaccine platform (2021)

Because of their potent adjuvanticity, ease of manipulation and simplicity of production Gram-negative Outer Membrane Vesicles OMVs have the potential to become a highly effective vaccine platform. However, some optimization is required, including the reduction of the number of endogenous proteins, the increase of the loading capacity with respect to heterologous antigens, the enhancement of productivity in terms of number of vesicles per culture volume. In this work we describe the use of Synthetic Biology to create <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21(DE3)Δ60, a strain releasing OMVs (OMVs<sub>Δ60</sub>) deprived of 59 endogenous proteins. The strain produces large quantities of vesicles (> 40 mg/L under laboratory conditions), which can accommodate recombinant proteins to a level ranging from 5% to 30% of total OMV proteins. Moreover, also thanks to the absence of immune responses toward the inactivated endogenous proteins, OMVs<sub>Δ60</sub> decorated with heterologous antigens/epitopes elicit elevated antigens/epitopes-specific antibody titers and high frequencies of epitope-specific IFN-γ-producing CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Altogether, we believe that <i>E. coli</i> BL21(DE3)Δ60 have the potential to become a workhorse factory for novel OMV-based vaccines.
Lopap, a prothrombin activator from Lonomia obliqua belonging to the lipocalin family: recombinant production, biochemical characterization and structure–function insights (2006)

Using a cDNA library made from Lonomia obliqua caterpillar bristles, we identified a transcript with a 603 bp open reading frame. The deduced protein corresponds to Lopap, a prothrombin activator previously isolated by our group from the bristles of this species. The mature protein is composed by 185 amino acids and shares similarity with members of the lipocalin family. The cDNA encoding the mature form was amplified by PCR, subcloned into pAE vector and used to transform Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells. As for the native Lopap, the recombinant fusion protein shows enzymatic activity, promotes prothrombin hydrolysis, generates fragments similar to prethrombin-2 and fragment 1.2 as intermediates, and generates thrombin as the final product. In addition, structural bioinformatics studies indicated several interesting molecular features, including the residues that could be responsible for Lopap's serine protease-like activity and the role of calcium binding in this context. Such catalytic activity has never been found in other members of the lipocalin family. This is the first report describing the recombinant production and biochemical characterization of a Lonomia obliqua lipocalin, as well as the structural features that could be responsible for its serine protease-like catalytic activity.
The analysis and design of multidimensional FIR perfect reconstruction filter banks for arbitrary sampling lattices (1991)

A general analysis of multidimensional multirate filter banks is presented. The approach is applicable to discrete signal spaces of any dimension, to multirate systems based on arbitrary downsampling and upsampling lattices, and for filter banks with any number of channels. A new numerical design procedure is also presented for multidimensional multirate perfect reconstruction filter banks, which is based on methods of nonlinearly constrained numerical optimization. An error function that depends only on the analysis filter impulse response coefficients is minimized, subject to a set of quadratic equality constraints that involve both the analysis and synthesis filter coefficients. With this design framework, it is possible to design a wide variety of filter banks that have a number of desirable properties. The analysis and synthesis filters that result are finite impulse response (FIR) and of equal size. In addition, both paraunitary and nonparaunitary filter banks can be designed with this method. Unlike paraunitary filter banks, nonparaunitary filter banks are capable of performing analysis bank functions more general than band-splitting with flat passband filters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Incremental maintenance of nested relational views (2003)

Incremental view maintenance techniques are required for many new types of data models that are being increasingly used in industry. One of these models is the nested relational model that is used in the modelling of complex objects in databases. In this paper, we derive a group of expressions for incrementally evaluating query expressions in the nested relational model. We also present an algorithm to propagate base relation updates to a materialized view when the view is defined as a complex query.
Reciprocal Lateral Hypothalamic and Raphe GABAergic Projections Promote Wakefulness (2021)

The lateral hypothalamus (LH), together with multiple neuromodulatory systems of the brain, such as the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), is implicated in arousal, yet interactions between these systems are just beginning to be explored. Using a combination of viral tracing, circuit mapping, electrophysiological recordings from identified neurons, and combinatorial optogenetics in mice, we show that GABAergic neurons in the LH selectively inhibit GABAergic neurons in the DR, resulting in increased firing of a substantial fraction of its neurons that ultimately promotes arousal. These DR<sub>GABA</sub> neurons are wake active and project to multiple brain areas involved in the control of arousal, including the LH, where their specific activation potently influences local network activity leading to arousal from sleep. Our results show how mutual inhibitory projections between the LH and the DR promote wakefulness and suggest a complex arousal control by intimate interactions between long-range connections and local circuit dynamics.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:</b> Multiple brain systems including the lateral hypothalamus and raphe serotonergic system are involved in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle, yet the interaction between these systems have remained elusive. Here we show that mutual disinhibition mediated by long range inhibitory projections between these brain areas can promote wakefulness. The main importance of this work relies in revealing the interaction between a brain area involved in autonomic regulation and another in controlling higher brain functions including reward, patience, mood and sensory coding.
On-Chip Photonic MEMS Coupled-Cavity Spectrometer (2023)

This letter introduces a monolithically integrated microspectrometer based on triple cavities operating in a coupled configuration. Two scanning cavities are sandwiching a static one, where the latter is displaced using an electrostatic comb-drive actuator. The whole structure is self-aligned by photolithography and etched on silicon-on-insulator substrate using deep etching technology. The input light is injected into the chip and the output light is captured using an extended InGaAs photo detector. Thanks to the low-finesse cavities and proper design dimensions, the device is configured as a Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrometer. A spectral range of 1250–2600 nm is achieved with a spectral resolution of 16 nm at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.55~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> wavelength. The proposed configuration requires only one third of the actuator travel range compared to the conventional Michelson interferometer with the same spectral resolution. Moreover, the footprint of the cavities is very compact occupying an area of 0.37 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> only.
Heterogeneous graphics processing unit for scheduling thread groups for execution on variable width SIMD units (2023)

A compute unit configured to execute multiple threads in parallel is presented. The compute unit includes one or more single instruction multiple data (SIMD) units and a fetch and decode logic. The SIMD units have differing numbers of arithmetic logic units (ALUs), such that each SIMD unit can execute a different number of threads. The fetch and decode logic is in communication with each of the SIMD units, and is configured to assign the threads to the SIMD units for execution based on such differing numbers of ALUs.
A simple synthesis of ellipticine and 11-demethylellipticine (1975)

M. Sainsbury and R. F. Schinazi, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1975, 540 DOI: 10.1039/C39750000540
Impact of a National Dementia Research Program – the CCNA (Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging) (2342) (2020)

To assess the impact of establishing a national program for research on dementia in Canada.
Metasurface on integrated photonic platform: from mode converters to machine learning (2022)

Integrated photonic circuits are created as a stable and small form factor analogue of fiber-based optical systems, from wavelength-division multiplication transceivers to more recent mode-division multiplexing components. Silicon nanowire waveguides guide the light in a way that single and few mode fibers define the direction of signal flow. Beyond communication tasks, on-chip cascaded interferometers and photonic meshes are also sought for optical computing and advanced signal processing technology. Here we review an alternative way of defining the light flow in the integrated photonic platform, using arrays of subwavelength meta-atoms or metalines for guiding the diffraction and interference of light. The integrated metasurface system mimics free-space optics, where on-chip analogues of basic optical components are developed with foundry compatible geometry, such as low-loss lens, spatial-light modulator, and other wavefront shapers. We discuss the role of metasurface in integrated photonic signal processing systems, introduce the design principles of such metasurface systems for low loss compact mode conversion, mathematical operation, diffractive optical systems for hyperspectral imaging, and tuning schemes of metasurface systems. Then we perceive reconfigurability schemes for metasurface framework, toward optical neural networks and analog photonic accelerators.