gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of bis[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole-κN3]silver(I) tetrafluoridoborate methanol monosolvate (2015)

1-(2-Hy-droxy-eth-yl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole (metronidazole, MET) is a medication that is used to treat infections by a variety of anaerobic organisms, but there are relatively few reports of the structures of metal compounds that exhibit coordination of metronidazole. We have demonstrated that MET reacts with AgBF4 to give [Ag(MET)2]BF4·CH3OH, in which the Ag(I) cation is coordinated by two MET ligands with a trans arrangement. The structure of [Ag(MET)2]BF4 exhibits some inter-esting differences from its nitrate counterpart, [Ag(MET)2]NO3 [Fun et al. (2008). Acta Cryst. E64, m668]. For instance, although the two MET ligands of both [Ag(MET)2]BF4 and [Ag(MET)2]NO3 are almost coplanar, the former compound has an anti-like geometry with a mol-ecular inversion center, but the latter has a syn-like arrangement. In the crystal, the BF4 (-) anion is linked by an O-H⋯F hydrogen bond to the methanol solvent molecule, which is, in turn, linked to the cation by an O-H⋯O hydrogen bond; the components of the structure are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [001]. One of the MET ligands and the BF4 (-) anion are disordered over two sets of sites with ratios of refined occupancies 0.501 (17):0.499 (17) and 0.539 (19):0.461 (19), respectively.
Quantum-beat photoelectron-imaging spectroscopy of Xe in the VUV (2018)

Time-resolved pump-probe measurements of Xe, pumped at 133 nm and probed at 266 nm, are presented. The pump pulse prepared a long-lived hyperfine wave packet in the Xe $5{p}^{5}(^{2}P_{1/2}^{\ensuremath{\circ}})6s{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{[1/2]}_{1}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ manifold ($E=77\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}185\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=9.57\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$). The wave packet was monitored via single-photon ionization and velocity map photoelectron images were measured. The images provide angle- and time-resolved data which, when obtained over a large time window (900 ps), constitute a precision quantum-beat spectroscopy measurement of the hyperfine state splittings. Additionally, analysis of the full photoelectron image stack provides a quantum-beat imaging modality, in which the Fourier components of the photoelectron images correlated with specific beat components can be obtained. This may also permit the extraction of isotope-resolved photoelectron images in the frequency domain, in cases where nuclear spins (hence beat components) can be uniquely assigned to specific isotopes (as herein), and also provides phase information relating to the ionization dynamics. The information content of both raw and inverted image stacks is investigated, suggesting the utility of the Fourier analysis methodology in cases where images cannot be inverted.
CAD of microwave integrated multistage active filters by the real frequency method (2002)

This paper presents results of synthesis and optimization for active and integrated microwave filters. The method is based on the real frequency theory. The gain, bandwidth, VSWR and group delay are the optimized characteristics. Optimization is done with the More (1978) subroutine which is an improvement of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. These integrated active low-pass and bandpass filters are used in the field of telecommunications. Applications are given with one or several FET, several equalizers and attenuation poles which are necessary for filters. Lowpass and bandpass examples are given in microwave domains. The responses of filters can have an asymmetric frequency characteristics. A CAD program has been written and named FREELCD. We give the different subroutines and show that FREELCD is useful for microwave integrated active filters.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropanation with Diazomethane and Bis(oxazoline)palladium(II) Complexes. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Feasibility of investigating the mechanisms of aortic trauma using high-speed cineradiography. A pilot study. Final report, 15 May--31 August 1977 (1977)

A pilot study was performed to evaluate use of the HSRI high-speed cineradiographic system for study of aortic trauma mechanisms. The thoraxes of anesthetized New Zealand white rabbits were impacted by a dropped accelerometer-instrumented, 1.5 kg mass from a height of 2.44 meters. Velocity and force data were obtained from the instrumented impacting mass. High-speed cineradiographs at approximately 1000 frames per second showed thoracic skeletal deformation and heart, diaphragm, and liver displacements. No radiopaque contrast medium was used in this preliminary investigation. Post-impact autopsy revealed rib fracture, localized hemorrhaging, and aortic transection. On the basis of film obtained, this method has potential for the study of internal organ injury mechanisms.
ATP and AMP Mutually Influence Their Interaction with the ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Adenylate Kinase Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) at Separate Binding Sites (2013)

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel in the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter protein family. In the presence of ATP and physiologically relevant concentrations of AMP, CFTR exhibits adenylate kinase activity (ATP + AMP &lrarr2; 2 ADP). Previous studies suggested that the interaction of nucleotide triphosphate with CFTR at ATP-binding site 2 is required for this activity. Two other ABC proteins, Rad50 and a structural maintenance of chromosome protein, also have adenylate kinase activity. All three ABC adenylate kinases bind and hydrolyze ATP in the absence of other nucleotides. However, little is known about how an ABC adenylate kinase interacts with ATP and AMP when both are present. Based on data from non-ABC adenylate kinases, we hypothesized that ATP and AMP mutually influence their interaction with CFTR at separate binding sites. We further hypothesized that only one of the two CFTR ATP-binding sites is involved in the adenylate kinase reaction. We found that 8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (8-N3-ATP) and 8-azidoadenosine 5'-monophosphate (8-N3-AMP) photolabeled separate sites in CFTR. Labeling of the AMP-binding site with 8-N3-AMP required the presence of ATP. Conversely, AMP enhanced photolabeling with 8-N3-ATP at ATP-binding site 2. The adenylate kinase active center probe P(1),P(5)-di(adenosine-5') pentaphosphate interacted simultaneously with an AMP-binding site and ATP-binding site 2. These results show that ATP and AMP interact with separate binding sites but mutually influence their interaction with the ABC adenylate kinase CFTR. They further indicate that the active center of the adenylate kinase comprises ATP-binding site 2.
Loss of Keap1 Function Activates Nrf2 and Provides Advantages for Lung Cancer Cell Growth (2008)

Oxidative and electrophilic stresses are sensed by Keap1, which activates Nrf2 to achieve cytoprotection by regulating the expression of drug-metabolizing and antioxidative stress enzymes/proteins. Because oxidative and electrophilic stresses cause many diseases, including cancer, we hypothesized that an abnormality in the Nrf2-Keap1 system may facilitate the growth of cancer cells. We sequenced the KEAP1 gene of 65 Japanese patients with lung cancer and identified five nonsynonymous somatic mutations at a frequency of 8%. We also identified two nonsynonymous somatic KEAP1 gene mutations and two lung cancer cell lines expressing KEAP1 at reduced levels. In lung cancer cells, low Keap1 activity (due to mutations or low-level expression) led to nuclear localization and constitutive activation of Nrf2. The latter resulted in constitutive expression of cytoprotective genes encoding multidrug resistance pumps, phase II detoxifying enzymes, and antioxidative stress enzymes/proteins. Up-regulation of these target genes in lung cancer cells led to cisplatin resistance. Nrf2 activation also stimulated growth of lung cancer-derived cell lines expressing KEAP1 at low levels and in mutant cell lines and in Keap1-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts under homeostatic conditions. Thus, inhibition of NRF2 may provide new therapeutic approaches in lung cancers with activation of Nrf2.
Fabrication of Polycrystalline Silicon Films from SiF4/H2/SiH4 Gas Mixture Using Very High Frequency Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition with In Situ Plasma Diagnostics and Their Structural Properties (2000)

Polycrystalline silicon ( poly -Si) films were fabricated by very high frequency (VHF) plasma enhanced (PE) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from SiF 4 and H 2 gas mixture with small amounts of SiH 4 . Reactions and growth of poly -Si in the SiF 4 /H 2 /SiH 4 system were discussed together with the results obtained from in situ plasma diagnostics, and compared with those obtained by microwave PECVD (MW CVD). As a result, similar relationships among growth temperature, SiF 4 /H 2 gas flow ratio and film structure to those obtained with MW CVD were obtained with VHF CVD. For example, growth temperature could be reduced to 100°C while keeping a high crystal fraction (&gt;80%) when small SiF 4 /H 2 gas flow ratios were used. In contrast, under large SiF 4 /H 2 gas flow ratios, crystal fraction rapidly decreased with decreasing temperature. The role of fluorine-related species in the growth of poly -Si was examined in relation to film microstructure and the results obtained from plasma diagnostics. Finally, guiding principles to achieve high rate and/or low-temperature growth of poly -Si by VHF CVD using SiF 4 /H 2 gas mixtures were discussed.
Sphingosine‐1‐Phosphate Reduces CD4+ T Lymphocyte Activation Through Regulation of Hypoxia‐inducible Factor Short Isoform I.1 and CD69 (2007)

Non obese diabetic (NOD) mice develop spontaneous Type 1 diabetes. We have shown that NOD diabetic mice have activated aortic endothelium. Further, we have found that the sphingolipid, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), reduces endothelial activation through activation of the S1P1 receptor. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that S1P could inhibit CD4 + T cell activation, thereby further reducing inflammatory events associated with atherosclerosis. CD4 + T lymphocytes were isolated from diabetic NOD and control splenocytes. Upon activation via CD3antibody, diabetic T cells secreted 2‐fold more IFNγ (control, 1500pg versus 3000 pg/mg for NOD). Pretreatment with either 1μM S1P or 1μM of the S1P1 receptor agonist SEW2871 significantly reduced IFNγ secretion by 40%, (∗p&lt;0.001). FACS analysis showed increased expression of CD69 in diabetic T cells. Both S1P and SEW2871 prevented upregulation of CD69 on CD4 + cells. Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor (HIF)‐1α short isoform I.1 plays an important role in the regulation of TCR‐triggered cytokine secretion. HIFI.1 has been shown to negatively regulate lymphocyte activation. Quantitative RT‐PCR for both HIF1α isoforms showed that diabetic NOD mice had 2.5‐fold lower HIF1α I.1 mRNA than control. S1P significantly increased HIF1α I.1 mRNA levels in both groups. Thus, S1P increases HIF1α I.1 expression in CD4+ T cells, thereby regulating cell activation.
Surface-micromachined Mirrors For Laser-beam Positioning (2005)

Abstract Actuated surface-micromachined polysilicon micromirrors for laser-beam positioning have been designed and fabricated. Two types of beam-steering mirrors are discussed which use microhinge technology to achieve the required vertical dimensions and functionality. One mirror, intended for precise beam positioning as needed in optical alignment, is actuated by linear microvibromotors. The other mirror is appropriate for laser-beam scanning and uses electrostatic comb-drive actuators. Four layers of polycrystalline silicon are micromachined to form these devices. Environmental stress testing carried out on the beam-positioning mirror has shown its structure to be relatively insensitive to vibrations below 60 kHz. Further testing has shown negligible changes in mirror position for temperatures varying between 25 and 200°C, and stability under the stress of laser irradiation of 375 mW at 1.06 μm wavelength.
ERASP: A new reflectarray antenna for space applications (2006)

THALES Airborne Systems (TAS) has developed a new reflectarray design that has proven to be a potentially interesting device suited for space applications like Synthetic Aperture Radars and Telemetry subsystems. This document presents this new reflectarray technology (called ERASP). After a short presentation of the technology, we present radiofrequency measurements results of an engineering model. The measurements have been realized in the CNES antenna test facility.
<title>Multiwavelength optical switch based on the acousto-optic tunable filter</title> (1991)

This paper discusses the use of the acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) in a multiwavelength crossconnect that eliminates back-to-back optical-to-electrical and electrical-to-optical conversions in the central office. We show that the ability of the AOTF for multiple wavelength selection can be exploited to reduce the component count in a multiwavelength cross-connect.
Microscratch testing method for systematic evaluation of the adhesion of atomic layer deposited thin films on silicon (2015)

The scratch test method is widely used for adhesion evaluation of thin films and coatings. Usual critical load criteria designed for scratch testing of coatings were not applicable to thin atomic layer deposition (ALD) films on silicon wafers. Thus, the bases for critical load evaluation were established and the critical loads suitable for ALD coating adhesion evaluation on silicon wafers were determined in this paper as LCSi1, LCSi2, LCALD1, and LCALD2, representing the failure points of the silicon substrate and the coating delamination points of the ALD coating. The adhesion performance of the ALD Al2O3, TiO2, TiN, and TaCN+Ru coatings with a thickness range between 20 and 600 nm and deposition temperature between 30 and 410 °C on silicon wafers was investigated. In addition, the impact of the annealing process after deposition on adhesion was evaluated for selected cases. The tests carried out using scratch and Scotch tape test showed that the coating deposition and annealing temperature, thickness of the coating, and surface pretreatments of the Si wafer had an impact on the adhesion performance of the ALD coatings on the silicon wafer. There was also an improved load carrying capacity due to Al2O3, the magnitude of which depended on the coating thickness and the deposition temperature. The tape tests were carried out for selected coatings as a comparison. The results show that the scratch test is a useful and applicable tool for adhesion evaluation of ALD coatings, even when carried out for thin (20 nm thick) coatings.
Sex-dependent Effect of BAG1 in Ameliorating Motor Deficits of Huntington Disease Transgenic Mice (2008)

The pathogenesis of Huntington disease (HD) is attributed to the misfolding of huntingtin (htt) caused by an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) domain. Considerable effort has been devoted to identifying molecules that can prevent or reduce htt misfolding and the associated neuropathology. Although overexpression of chaperones is known to reduce htt cytotoxicity in cellular models, only modest protection is seen with Hsp70 overexpression in HD mouse models. Because the activity of Hsp70 is modulated by co-chaperones, an interesting issue is whether the in vivo effects of chaperones on polyQ protein toxicity are dependent on other modulators. In the present study, we focused on BAG1, a co-chaperone that interacts with Hsp70 and regulates its activity. Of htt mice expressing the N171-82Q mutant, we found that male N171-82Q mice show a greater deficit in rotarod performance than female N171-82Q mice. This sex-dependent motor deficit was improved by crossing N171-82Q mice with transgenic mice overexpressing BAG1 in neurons. Transgenic BAG1 also reduces the levels of mutant htt in synaptosomal fraction of male HD mice. Overexpression of BAG1 augmented the effects of Hsp70 by reducing aggregation of mutant htt in cultured cells and improving neurite outgrowth in htt-transfected PC12 cells. These findings suggest that the effects of chaperones on HD pathology are influenced by both their modulators and sex-dependent factors.
High-Efficiency 200-GHz Neutralized Common-Base Power Amplifiers in 250-nm InP HBT (2023)

The analysis, design, and measurement of two Indium Phosphide (InP) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) power amplifier (PA) designs are presented at G-band with record efficiency. A pseudo-differential common-base (CB) stage with neutralization capacitors and low-loss coupled-line balun (CLB) improve the gain and reduce matching loss. A single-stage design achieves 8.3 to 12.7-dBm output power and 7.7 to 17.3% power-added efficiency (PAE) over 180 to 220 GHz. The use of compact baluns allows the design to occupy only 0.011mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with power density of 1.69 W/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . A 3-stage, 4-way power-combined PA delivers 16.6 to 19.7-dBm output power and 6.5 to 13% PAE over 185 to 210 GHz.
The Technology Horizon for Photocatalytic Water Treatment: Sunrise or Sunset? (2018)

Advanced oxidation processes via semiconductor photocatalysis for water treatment have been the subject of extensive research over the past three decades, producing many scientific reports focused on elucidating mechanisms and enhancing kinetics for the treatment of contaminants in water. Many of these reports imply that the ultimate goal of the research is to apply photocatalysis in municipal water treatment operations. However, this ignores immense technology transfer problems, perpetuating a widening gap between academic advocation and industrial application. In this Feature, we undertake a critical examination of the trajectory of photocatalytic water treatment research, assessing the viability of proposed applications and identifying those with the most promising future. Several strategies are proposed for scientists and engineers who aim to support research efforts to bring industrially relevant photocatalytic water treatment processes to fruition. Although the reassessed potential may not live up to initial academic hype, an unfavorable assessment in some areas does not preclude the transfer of photocatalysis for water treatment to other niche applications as the technology retains substantive and unique benefits.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE NATURE OF ACOUSTIC NOISE SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS DISTURBANCE AT A LAB WELLBORE MOCKUP WITH STEEL CASING (2020)

Background The possibility of using passive acoustic noise logging in the study of operating wells is considered. Currently, there are several companies on the geophysical services market that offer to implement the method of broadband wellbore noise logging for solving practical problems in wells of various categories. Aims and Objectives Lab experimental study devoted to investigating the nature of acoustic noise spectral characteristics disturbance in a wellbore mockup with steel casing in presence of the acoustic source behind the casing. Methods The study is performed using the reference high-accuracy hydrophone and a wide frequency band wellbore logging tool at a close to real scale lab wellbore mockup. Results It is established the fact that acoustic resonances appear inside the casing volume with respective disturbances of the original signal that are also affected by the parameters of the specific wellbore tool.
The Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection in Susceptible Mice is a Major Cause of CNS Pathology Resulting in Fatal Encephalitis (2008)

This study was undertaken to investigate possible immune mechanisms in fatal HSV-1 encephalitis (HSE) after HSV-1 corneal inoculation. Susceptible 129S6 (129) but not resistant C57BL/6 (B6) mice developed intense focal inflammatory brainstem lesions of primarily F4/80+ macrophages and Gr-1+ neutrophils detectable by MRI as early as day 6 post infection (PI). Depletion of macrophages and neutrophils significantly enhanced survival of infected 129 mice. Immunodeficient B6 (IL-7R-/-Kitw41/w41) mice lacking adaptive cells (B6-E mice) transplanted with 129 bone marrow showed significantly accelerated fatal HSE compared to B6-E mice transplanted with B6 marrow or control non-transplanted B6-E mice. In contrast, there was no difference in ocular viral shedding in B6-E mice transplanted with 129 bone marrow or B6 bone marrow. Acyclovir treatment of 129 mice beginning day 4 PI (24 h after HSV-1 first reaches the brain stem) reduced nervous system viral titers to undetectable levels but did not alter brainstem inflammation or mortality. We conclude that fatal HSE in 129 mice results from widespread damage in the brainstem caused by destructive inflammatory responses initiated early in infection by massive infiltration of innate cells.
Development of a Novel System for Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Cancer-Associated Fucosylation in Plasmaα1-Acid Glycoprotein (2013)

Human plasma α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) from cancer patients and healthy volunteers was purified by sequential application of ion-exchange columns, and N-linked glycans enzymatically released from AGP were labeled and applied to a mass spectrometer. Additionally, a novel software system for use in combination with a mass spectrometer to determine N-linked glycans in AGP was developed. A database with 607 glycans including 453 different glycan structures that were theoretically predicted to be present in AGP was prepared for designing the software called AGPAS. This AGPAS was applied to determine relative abundance of each glycan in the AGP molecules based on mass spectra. It was found that the relative abundance of fucosylated glycans in tri- and tetra-antennary structures (FUCAGP) was significantly higher in cancer patients as compared with the healthy group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, extremely elevated levels of FUCAGP were found specifically in patients with a poor prognosis but not in patients with a good prognosis. In conclusion, the present software system allowed rapid determination of the primary structures of AGP glycans. The fucosylated glycans as novel tumor markers have clinical relevance in the diagnosis and assessment of cancer progression as well as patient prognosis.