gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Binary Variable Model for Affinity Propagation (2009)

Affinity propagation (AP) was recently introduced as an unsupervised learning algorithm for exemplar-based clustering. We present a derivation of AP that is much simpler than the original one and is based on a quite different graphical model. The new model allows easy derivations of message updates for extensions and modifications of the standard AP algorithm. We demonstrate this by adjusting the new AP model to represent the capacitated clustering problem. For those wishing to investigate or extend the graphical model of the AP algorithm, we suggest using this new formulation since it allows a simpler and more intuitive model manipulation.
Factors Associated With Antiepileptic Drug Use Among Elderly Nursing Home Residents (2000)

The inverse relationship between AED use and age group was unexpected because the incidence of epilepsy increases with advancing age. This finding raises important questions about the future use of these drugs in elderly nursing home residents.
Metal Complexes as Enzyme Inhibitors (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal Complexes as Enzyme InhibitorsAngelique Y. Louie and Thomas J. MeadeView Author Information Department of Biology, Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 9, 2711–2734Publication Date (Web):July 29, 1999Publication History Received15 February 1999Revised14 June 1999Published online29 July 1999Published inissue 8 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9804285https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9804285research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3968Altmetric-Citations249LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Inhibition,Inhibitors,Ions,Metals,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Probing Stepwise Complexation in Phenylazomethine Dendrimers by a Metallo-Porphyrin Core (2005)

A series of dendritic phenylazomethines (DPA), which have a meso-substituted zinc porphyrin core (DPAGX-ZnP, X = 1−4), were synthesized. Structural studies of these dendrimers were carried out using Tri-SEC (triple detection after size exclusion chromatography), intrinsic viscosity analysis, TEM (tunneling electron microscopy), and molecular modeling calculations by AM1. As a result, a sphere-like structure within a single-nanometer scale (Rh = 22 Å for DPAG4-ZnP) was observed. In addition, encapsulating effects by the DPA shell in the larger dendrimers were confirmed as fundamental properties, based on the UV−vis abosorption spectra, cyclic voltammograms, and 1H NMR spin−lattice relaxation times (T1). The DPAGX-ZnP acts as a multi-metal ion reservoir for SnCl2 and FeCl3. The generation-4 dendrimer (DPAG4-ZnP) can take up to 60 molar amounts of metal complexes around the porphyrin core. A quantitative study of the metal assembling reaction by UV−vis titration revealed stepwise layer-by-layer complexations from the inner imines nearest to the core to the surface. The redox behavior and fluorescence of the zinc porphyrin in these metal-assembled dendrimers also support the stepwise complexation of the metal ion. These analyses suggest that the finely assembled metal complexes in a dendrimer architecture strongly affect the electronic status of the porphyrin core. Results from transient absorption measurements strongly indicate a very fast electron transfer on a subpicosecond time scale between the core and assembled metal complexes.
User's proximity effects for talk mode in mobile phones (2008)

Thanks to a recent grip study, 3D CAD model of the human hand have been generated, investigating user's proximity effects for talk mode in mobile phones. The simulation results show that the human hand exhibits a major contribution in determining the total loss when compared to the phantom head alone, while the influence of the position of the fingers on the handset is more important when close to the antenna. The palm-handset gap and the index finger location are the main responsible for both absorption and mismatch loss.
On the scalability of ring fiber designs for OAM multiplexing (2015)

The promise of the infinite-dimensionality of orbital angular momentum (OAM) and its application to free-space and fiber communications has attracted immense attention in recent years. In order to facilitate OAM-guidance, novel fibers have been proposed and developed, including a class of so-called ring-fibers. In these fibers, the wave-guiding region is a high-index annulus instead of a conventional circular core, which for reasons related to polarization-dependent differential phase shifts for light at waveguide boundaries, leads to enhanced stability for OAM modes. We review the theory and implementation of this nascent class of waveguides, and discuss the opportunities and limitations they present for OAM scalability.
Computationally Guided Synthesis of SSZ-52: A Zeolite for Engine Exhaust Clean-up (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTComputationally Guided Synthesis of SSZ-52: A Zeolite for Engine Exhaust Clean-upTracy M. Davis*†, Albert Tianxiang Liu†, Christopher M. Lew†, Dan Xie†, Annabelle I. Benin†, Saleh Elomari†, Stacey I. Zones†, and Michael W. Deem*‡View Author Information† Chevron Energy Technology Company, Richmond, California 94802, United States‡ Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States*Tracy M. Davis. E-mail: [email protected]*Michael W. Deem. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 3, 708–711Publication Date (Web):January 13, 2016Publication History Received24 November 2015Revised7 January 2016Published online20 January 2016Published inissue 9 February 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04578https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04578rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2357Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Energy,Molecules,Organic compounds,Stabilization,Zeolites Get e-Alerts
Enhanced Energy Detection for Multi-band Spectrum Sensing under RF Imperfections (2013)

In this paper, we study simultaneous multiband or multichannel spectrum sensing in cognitive radio context. The sensing receiver RF front-end is assumed to deploy wideband multichannel IQ downconversion which is prone to several RF impairments, such as IQ imbalance. Assuming that the individual chan
Comparison of infrared frequency selective surfaces fabricated by direct-write electron-beam and bilayer nanoimprint lithographies (2000)

We report on the fabrication of crossed-dipole resonant filters by direct-write electron-beam and nanoimprint lithographies. Such structures have been used as spectrally selective components at visible, microwave, and infrared wavelengths. Imprinting is accomplished in a modified commercial hot press at 155 °C. The replica is then etched in oxygen plasma and developed in chlorobenzene to selectively dissolve the poly(methylmethacrylate and methacrylic acid) and poly(methylmethacrylate) bilayer resist. This step enhances undercut and improves lift-off metalization. Infrared fourier transform spectroscopy was performed to characterize the transmission response of the frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) fabricated. The resonant behavior for the direct-write FSS was found to be 5.3 μm and for the nanoimprinted FSS to be 6 μm. The shift towards longer wavelengths is consistent with the dimensions obtained for the FSSs elements in both cases.
Photochemistry of the Xanthene Dyes (1993)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Fluorescein Eosin Erythrosin Rose bengal Hydroxyfluorones Summary
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Zinc Phthalocyanine Loaded on Single‐Walled Carbon Nanohorns in Aqueous Solution (2009)

Notable electronic communication within ZnPc-SWNHox nanoensembles, where ZnPc is zinc phthalocyanine and SWNHox is an oxidized single-walled nanohorn, in both the ground and excited states is revealed by steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements. The details of electron transfer reported here with time-resolved absorption and fluorescence measurements may broaden the use of SWNHox nanoensembles in photochemistry and photobiology.
Microorigami:  Fabrication of Small, Three-Dimensional, Metallic Structures (2000)

Microcontact printing (μCP) and wet chemical etching generated two-dimensional (2D) patterns in thin silver films. Electroplating silver onto these patterns increased the structural integrity of the metal layer. Separating the metal film from the substrate resulted in free-standing, 2D structures. Folding of these structures along predesigned “hinges” produced three-dimensional (3D) objects. Additional electrodeposition of nickel welded hinges into position, strengthened the structure, and joined separate pieces. By printing onto cylindrical surfaces, it was possible to generate complex shapes efficiently and to minimize joining steps.
Design of Filling Polymer Electrolytes for 3DOM Composite Membrane (2008)

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) silica composite membrane including a binary polymer consisting of sulfonated poly (ether ether sulfone and poly styrene (SPEES-PS) was fabricated by stepwise filling method. In the SPEES-PS composite, SPEES coated 3DOM-silica surface and PS occupied a vacancy of remaining pore of SPEES composite. Therefore, the structure of SPEES-PS composite were core-shell like structure. Water uptake and methanol permeability of SPEES-PS composite was greatly suppressed. However SPEES-PS composite exhibited relatively high proton conductivity.
Alternating minimization algorithm with iteratively reweighted quadratic penalties for compressive transmission tomography (2015)

We propose an alternating minimization (AM) algorithm for estimating attenuation functions in x-ray transmission tomography using priors that promote sparsity in the pixel/voxel differences domain. As opposed to standard maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) estimation, we use the automatic relevance determination (ARD) framework. In the ARD approach, sparsity (or compressibility) is promoted by introducing latent variables which serve as the weights of quadratic penalties, with one weight for each pixel/voxel; these weights are then automatically learned from the data. This leads to an algorithm where the quadratic penalty is reweighted in order to effectively promote sparsity. In addition to the usual object estimate, ARD also provides measures of uncertainty (posterior variances) which are used at each iteration to automatically determine the trade-off between data fidelity and the prior, thus potentially circumventing the need for any tuning parameters. We apply the convex decomposition lemma in a novel way and derive a separable surrogate function that leads to a parallel algorithm. We propose an extension of branchless distance-driven forward/back-projections which allows us to considerably speed up the computations associated with the posterior variances. We also study the acceleration of the algorithm using ordered subsets.
Subwavelength confinement in an integrated metal slot waveguide on silicon (2006)

We demonstrate propagation losses of less than 0.8 dB/microm in a metal slot waveguide on silicon with a predicted confinement substantially below the optical wavelength (approximately 1.55 microm). We also show compact and efficient coupling of the high-confinement metal slot waveguide with a standard silicon dielectric waveguide with a coupling efficiency of approximately 2.5 dB per facet.
Phase modulators with tunability in wavefronts and optical axes originating from anisotropic molecular tilts under symmetric electric field II: experiments (2020)

We demonstrate, for the first time, an electrically-tunable and physically-planar freeform optical element made up of nematic liquid crystals (LCs). Continued on numerical study in previous paper (Part I), experimental results here show that it is possible to break the rotational symmetry of the wavefront through the use of uneven tilt angles of the LC molecules even though the electric potential is rotationally symmetric. Our optical element offers the ability to electrically tune the direction of the optical axis, the wavefront deviation, as well as the Zernike polynomials for general descriptions of wavefronts. Corresponding Zernike coefficients of a Zernike polynomial that are related to defocus and spherical aberration, which can be adjusted individually or together. The minimum wavefront deviation is >λ/6. The Zernike coefficients related to coma aberration or the tilt of the optical axis are also electrically tunable. By incorporating our LC phase modulator with tunability of freeform wavefronts into a simple reflective optical system, we demonstrate convincing image performance for off-axis image aberration correction. This approach will inspire further development and design of LC optical elements for applications, such as hyperspectral imagers in aerospace optics, augmented reality, virtual reality, quantum information systems, innovative miniaturized reflective telescopic systems for astrophysics, planetary science, and earth science.
EFFECT OF DRAG-REDUCING POLYMERS (DRP) ON BLOOD FLOW IN MODELS OF BLOOD VESSELS (2003)

Over the past several decades, minute additives of blood soluble DRPs have been shown to increase blood flow and tissue oxygenation without an effect on vessel walis in various animal models. Elucidation of the mechanism of the observed DRP effects on blood circulation is extremely important for the future clinical DRP applications. The drag reducing polymer effect has been previously shown to occur in turbulent flow of water in straight pipes (Toms phenomenou). At laminar Reynolds numbers, DRPs were shown to reduce vortices and stagnation areas located at the bifurcations in models of bifurcated vessels. The study reported herein is a part of a basic project investigating the mechanisms underlying the intravascular effect of DRPs. We studied the effects of synthetic and natural DRPs on blood flow in vitro in straight tubes at physiologically relevant Reynolds numbers. Flow characteristics of blood, with and without the DRP additives at the concentration of 10 part per million (10 μg/ml), were examined in tubes of various diameters. In a small tube with a diameter of 1.3 mm, the addition of this minute concentration of DRPs produced a slight but statistically significant (p<0.001) decrease in driving pressure/flow resistance at the flow rates, pressure levels, and Reynolds numbers corresponding to those in the small arteries. A significant decrease in driving pressure was seen when DRPs were added to blood flowing in a tube with a 5.6 mm diameter at Reynolds numbers corresponding to the aorta and large arteries. This effect may be attributed to the well-known effect of DRPs on turbulent flow (Toms effect). The decrease in driving pressure at low (laminar) Reynolds numbers may be explained by an increase in RBC deformability. Our results suggest that the previously observed intravascular DRP effects can be explained in part by a direct reduction in flow resistance in blood vessels. This might be beneficial for the improvement of hypo-perfusion conditions caused by cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, and diabetes.
Wide field-of-view long-wave infrared metalenses (2023)

Wide field-of-view optics are crucial optical elements with extensive applications in imaging, display, and sensing. Conventional wide FOV optics rely on cascading multiple refractive optical elements to assemble ‘fisheye lenses’ that correct third-order Seidel aberrations. Here we experimentally demonstrate a flat lens design that achieves 140◦ FOV in the long-wave infrared band. The metalens was fabricated on a monolithic float zone Si wafer leveraging photolithography and deep reactive ion etching. Large metalenses with diameter exceeding 4 cm have been realized using this approach. Thermal imaging at ambient temperature was validated by coupling the metalens with a LWIR focal plane array.
A 0.5 V fully differential gate-input operational transconductance amplifier with intrinsic common-mode rejection (2006)

In this paper we present an ultra-low voltage gate-input operational transconductance amplifier using pMOS input devices and nMOS load devices with local common-mode feedback. This topology has a good intrinsic common-mode rejection. Simulations for a two-stage, 0.5 V fully differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with a gain of 55 dB and a common-mode rejection ratio of 61 dB are reported. The amplifier consumes 77 /spl mu/W and has a gain-bandwidth product of 8.7 MHz when designed in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Polarization camera sensors (1995)

Recently, polarization vision has been shown to simplify some important image understanding tasks that can be more difficult to perform with intensity vision alone. This, together with the more general capabilities of polarization vision for image understanding, motivates the building of camera sensors that automatically sense and process polarization information. Described in this paper are a variety of designs for polarization camera sensors that have been built to automatically sense partial linearly polarized light, and computationally process this sensed polarization information at pixel resolution to produce a visualization of reflected polarization from a scene, and/or a visualization of physical information in a scene directly related to sensed polarization. The three designs for polarization camera sensors presented utilize (i) serial acquisition of polarization components using liquid crystals, (ii) parallel acquisition of polarization components using a stereo pair of cameras and a polarizing beamsplitter, and (iii) a prototype photosensing chip with three scanlines, each scanline coated with a particular orientation of polarizing material. As the sensory input to polarization camera sensors subsumes that of standard intensity cameras, they can potentially significantly expand the application potential of computer vision. A number of images taken with polarization cameras are presented, showing potential applications to image understanding, object recognition, circuit board inspection and marine biology.
20. MYOTENDINOUS TEARS OF THE INFRASPINATUS: DIAGNOSIS, COURSE, TREATMENT (2011)

Purpose of the study: Four elements differentiate myotendinous tears of the infraspinatus from other rotator cuff tears: the tendon insertion on the trochiter and the joint capsule are spared; the onset in characterized by intense muscle oedema followed at 6 to 12 months by severe and definitive fatty degeneration. Material and method: Fifty-nine myotendinous tears of the infraspinatus were collected prospectively from 1993 to 2007. Female gender predominated (58%); trauma was noted at onset in 22% of the shoulders and the mean age of discovery was 48.9 years. Twenty-nine shoulders were seen at the acute phase with significant muscle oedema recognized on the MRI T2 Fat Sat sequence. A second group of 30 patients had grade 4 fatty infiltration of the infraspinatus without full thickness cuff tears. The EMG was available for 23 shoulders and was normal in all, ruling out a neurological cause. Associated lesions of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons were: tendon calcification (61%) and partial tears at the acute phase (21%) and chronic phase (70%) suggesting a degenerative cause. Results: Twenty-four patients underwent surgery and 35 had a medical treatment. At mean 46 months follow-up (range 12–125) the Constant score improved from 51.7 to 69.4 points (p Discussion: Early diagnosis of this lesion can be achieved with T2 Fat Sat MRI sequences. Arthroscopic repair to tighten the infraspinatus muscle could avoid the irremediable degeneration with total loss of muscle function.
Microplastics Can Change Soil Properties and Affect Plant Performance (2019)

Microplastics can affect biophysical properties of the soil. However, little is known about the cascade of events in fundamental levels of terrestrial ecosystems, i.e., starting with the changes in soil abiotic properties and propagating across the various components of soil-plant interactions, including soil microbial communities and plant traits. We investigated here the effects of six different microplastics (polyester fibers, polyamide beads, and four fragment types: polyethylene, polyester terephthalate, polypropylene, and polystyrene) on a broad suite of proxies for soil health and performance of spring onion ( Allium fistulosum). Significant changes were observed in plant biomass, tissue elemental composition, root traits, and soil microbial activities. These plant and soil responses to microplastic exposure were used to propose a causal model for the mechanism of the effects. Impacts were dependent on particle type, i.e., microplastics with a shape similar to other natural soil particles elicited smaller differences from control. Changes in soil structure and water dynamics may explain the observed results in which polyester fibers and polyamide beads triggered the most pronounced impacts on plant traits and function. The findings reported here imply that the pervasive microplastic contamination in soil may have consequences for plant performance and thus for agroecosystems and terrestrial biodiversity.