gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
17O NMR studies of torsion angle relationships in aryl alkyl ketones and aromatic aldehydes (1987)

Abstract 17 O NMR spectroscopic data, at natural abundance, in acetonitrile at 75 °C were obtained for a series of phenyl alkyl and cycloalkyl ketones, benzophenone, methyl alkyl ketones, three fused‐ring aryl ketones and a series of variously hindered aromatic aldehydes. The trend in chemical shifts for the relatively unhindered alkyl aryl ketones is a general increase in shielding with increasing size of the alkyl group. However, when steric hindrance becomes significant, torsion angle rotation occurs and deshielding is observed. Cyclopropyl ketones show much larger shielding effects than their isopropyl analogs. Torsion angles for aryl ketones and aromatic aldehydes are estimated using an indirect method based on previous results from electronically similar hindered ketones.
3-D Video Representation Using Depth Maps These representations are able to generate many views at the receiver and allow the acquisition format and transmission constraints to be decoupled from display requirements. (2011)

Current 3-D video (3DV) technology is based on stereo systems. These systems use stereo video coding for pictures delivered by two input cameras. Typically, such stereo systems only reproduce these two camera views at the receiver and stereoscopic displays for multiple viewers require wearing special 3-D glasses. On the other hand, emerging autostereo- scopic multiview displays emit a large numbers of views to enable 3-D viewing for multiple users without requiring 3-D glasses. For representing a large number of views, a multiview extension of stereo video coding is used, typically requiring a bit rate that is proportional to the number of views. However, since the quality improvement of multiview displays will be governed by an increase of emitted views, a format is needed that allows the generation of arbitrary numbers of views with the transmission bit rate being constant. Such a format is the combination of video signals and associated depth maps. The depth maps provide disparities associated with every sample of the video signal that can be used to render arbitrary numbers of additional views via view synthesis. This paper describes efficient coding methods for video and depth data. For the generation of views, synthesis methods are presented, which mitigate errors from depth estimation and coding.
50th Anniversary Perspective: Polymers with Complex Architectures (2017)

The scope of this Perspective is to highlight innovative contributions in the synthesis of well-defined complex macromolecular architectures and to emphasize the importance of these materials to polymer physical chemistry, physics, theory, and applications. In addition, this Perspective tries to enlighten the past and show possible pathways for the future. Among the plethora of polymerization methods, we briefly report the impact of the truly living and controlled/living polymerization techniques focusing mainly on anionic polymerization, the mother of all living and controlled/living polymerizations. Through anionic polymerization well-defined model polymers with complex macromolecular architectures having the highest molecular weight, structural and compositional homogeneity can be achieved. The synthesized structures include star, comb/graft, cyclic, branched and hyberbranched, dendritic, and multiblock multicomponent polymers. In our opinion, in addition to the work needed on the synthesis, properties, and application of copolymers with more than three chemically different blocks and complex architecture, the polymer chemists in the future should follow closer the approaches Nature, the perfect chemist, uses to make functional complex macromolecular structures by noncovalent chemistry. Moreover, development of new analytical methods for the characterization/purification of polymers with complex macromolecular architectures is essential for the synthesis and properties study of this family of polymeric materials.
Reduced-latency stochastic decoding of LDPC codes over GF(q) (2010)

Non-binary LDPC codes have excellent error-correcting performance but have not yet been widely adopted due to the high decoder implementation complexity. Stochastic decoding has been proposed as a low-complexity decoding algorithm for non-binary LDPC codes. In this paper we present a new stochastic decoding algorithm for non-binary LDPC codes using tracking forecast memories that has higher throughput and lower latency than previous stochastic decoders.
Efficient Preparation of a 1,3-Diazidocyclitol as a Versatile 2-Deoxystreptamine Precursor (2004)

A synthesis route toward 2-deoxystreptamine, a common structure in many of the clinically important aminoglycosides, is presented. Starting from p-benzoquinone and cyclopentadiene, 2-deoxystreptamine is synthesized with key steps involving Pd(0)-catalyzed rearrangement, a retro-Diels-Alder by flash vacuum thermolysis, and Yb(III)-directed regioselective epoxide opening. The obtained diazidocyclitol 17 is a suitable 2-deoxystreptamine precursor, conveniently protected for incorporation in new aminoglycoside entities.
Optimizing the Completion of a Multilayer Cotton Valley Sand Using Hydraulic-Fracture Monitoring and Integrated Engineering (2007)

Abstract Microseismic hydraulic fracture monitoring is having a major impact in how wells are being completed in tight sand reservoirs. This existing technology is being utilized in new and innovative ways to provide operators a clearer picture of the fracture development. This information can be combined with other fracture diagnostic techniques, and along with sound engineering practices, can have a profound impact on how wells are completed. This paper discusses the completion design methodology, execution, and results from two offset wells. The first well was completed with a two stage hydraulic fracture treatment while the successive offset was completed via a single-stage fracture treatment. The evaluation tools utilized to determine the resultant fracture attributes include microseismic hydraulic fracture monitoring, hydraulic fracture surface treating pressure-history matching, and tracer and production log interpretation in addition to production analysis. The results from each well are compared and contrasted, and a plan for potential future completions is discussed. The microseismic event growth and fracture treating pressures over time revealed how the fracture propagated. In the first well the microseismic and treating pressure results of the first stage showed height growth into the proposed zone to be targeted by the second stage treatment. Lessons learned from the first subject well were then incorporated into the completion design of the offset well to optimize its overall completion efficiency. The second well was hydraulically fracture stimulated with a single stage treatment. The completion design changes incorporated in the second well showed some positive effects on the microseismic fracture geometry and resultant production. An integrated analysis approach can provide an improved understanding of the fracture behavior within a field. This improved knowledge of the fracture system can lead to optimum completion designs and well spacing. These changes can then themselves be evaluated with the aforementioned tools to determine their level of success. This continuous improvement process can be repeated for future fieldwide well completion designs in order to achieve an optimum fracture system within the targeted intervals.
A Yang Data Model for VN Operation (2020)

This document provides a YANG data model generally applicable to any
mode of Virtual Network (VN) operation.
Pupil-Plane Phase Apodization (2021)

Phase apodization coronagraphs are implemented in a pupil plane to create a dark hole in the science camera focal plane. They are successfully created as "Apodizing Phase Plates" (APPs) using classical optical manufacturing, and as "vector-APPs" using liquid-crystal patterning with essentially achromatic performance. This type of coronagraph currently delivers excellent broadband contrast ($\sim$10$^{-5}$) at small angular separations (few $λ/D$) at ground-based telescopes, owing to their insensitivity to tip/tilt errors.
Retargeted adenoviruses for radiation-guided gene delivery (2016)

The combination of radiation with radiosensitizing gene delivery or oncolytic viruses promises to provide an advantage that could improve the therapeutic results for glioblastoma. X-rays can induce significant molecular changes in cancer cells. We isolated the GIRLRG peptide that binds to radiation-inducible 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), which is overexpressed on the plasma membranes of irradiated cancer cells and tumor-associated microvascular endothelial cells. The goal of our study was to improve tumor-specific adenovirus-mediated gene delivery by selectively targeting the adenovirus binding to this radiation-inducible protein. We employed an adenoviral fiber replacement approach to conduct a study of the targeting utility of GRP78-binding peptide. We have developed fiber-modified adenoviruses encoding the GRP78-binding peptide inserted into the fiber-fibritin. We have evaluated the reporter gene expression of fiber-modified adenoviruses in vitro using a panel of glioma cells and a human D54MG tumor xenograft model. The obtained results demonstrated that employment of the GRP78-binding peptide resulted in increased gene expression in irradiated tumors following infection with fiber-modified adenoviruses, compared with untreated tumor cells. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of adenoviral retargeting using the GRP78-binding peptide that selectively recognizes tumor cells responding to radiation treatment.
Hereditary spastic paraparesis in adults associated with inborn errors of metabolism: A diagnostic approach (2007)

Spastic paraparesis is a general term describing progressive stiffness and weakness in the lower limbs caused by pyramidal tract lesions. This clinical situation is frequently encountered in adult neurology. The diagnostic survey is usually limited to searching for acquired causes (spinal cord compression, inflammatory, metabolic, infectious diseases) and the so-called 'hereditary spastic paraparesis'. Although poorly recognized by neurologists, spastic paraparesis is also one of the multiple presentations of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) in children and adults. Pyramidal signs are usually included in a diffuse neurological or systemic clinical picture; however, in some cases spastic paraparesis remains the only symptom for years. Since these metabolic causes are often treatable, it is essential to include them in the general diagnostic approach to spastic paraparesis. Here we review IEMs causing paraparesis in adults.
Hepatocarcinogenicity of the woodchuck hepatitis virus. (1987)

During investigations of the evolution of experimental laboratory infections of woodchucks (Marmota monax) with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), eight hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) were observed, six in newborns and two in young adult animals, all within 17-36 months after infection. The absence of an external cocarcinogenic effect in the well-monitored woodchucks indicates the carcinogenicity of WHV and suggests the same for the genetically and biologically similar human hepatitis B virus (HBV). Laboratory infections of woodchucks with two strains of WHV, not reported here in detail, resembled human and chimpanzee HBV infections histologically and serologically. In these studies, eight woodchucks became carriers of surface antigen of WHV for greater than 1 year. All eight woodchucks developed HCC, indicating a 100% risk of HCC in experimentally infected chronic WHV antigen carriers, which is analogous to the high risk of HCC in human hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. Histologically, the absence of cirrhosis in the examined pericarcinomatous tissue permits recognition of gradual transition from normal parenchyma to neoplastic nodules to HCC of rising anaplasia, indicating a continuum of increasingly more malignant neoplastic stages, as known for chemical carcinogenesis. The HCC developed in carrier woodchucks infected as newborns with only minor, if any, hepatitic changes but is associated with antigen-carrying hepatocytes and sometimes with hyperplastic nodules. This stage was preceded in infected adults by an early, acute, weeks-long hepatitis coinciding with the appearance of surface antigen. These findings are also analogous to typical HBV infection in human newborns and young adults, respectively. At the time of HCC development in all animals with adequate histologic material, an acute recent necroinflammation appeared around the tumor, associated with abnormal hematopoietic cells around and within the tumor. A promoting role in carcinogenesis of this necroinflammation of yet unestablished pathogenesis is being postulated, to be confirmed by determination of the status of the WHV DNA in the HCC and by prospective histologic study of the inflammatory reaction.
4-(1,3-Dimethoxyprop-2-ylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazine:  A Potent, Orally Bioavailable CRF1 Receptor Antagonist (2000)

Structure-activity studies in the pyrazolo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazine series led to the discovery that compound 11i (DMP696) is a potent hCRF(1) receptor antagonist (K(i) = 1.7 nM vs 7.5 nM for alpha-hel-CRF(9-41), hCRF(1) adenylate cyclase IC(50) = 82 nM vs 286 nM for alpha-hel-CRF(9-41)). Compound 11i has excellent oral pharmacokinetic profiles in rats and dogs (37% and 50% oral bioavailabilities, respectively). This compound displays good activity in the rat situational anxiety model (MED = 3 mg/kg (po)), whereas a literature standard 1 (CP154526-1) was inactive (MED > 30 mg/kg (po)). Analogue 11i reduced stereotypical mouth movements in rhesus monkeys by 50% at 21 mg/kg (po) using the human intruder paradigm. Overall, the profile of pyrazolotriazine 11i indicates that hCRF(1) receptor antagonists may be anxiolytic agents, which have reduced motor side effect profiles.
Techniques for Transmission EBSD Mapping of Atom Probe Specimens (2015)

Transmission Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (t-EBSD)/Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) enables crystallographic identification in samples of much smaller size, and with improved spatial resolution, as compared to conventional reflection EBSD. In t-EBSD, the elimination of a severe tilt angle and the collection of primarily low-loss electrons keeps the probe small enough for mapping resolution down to approximately 2 nm Atom probe tomography (APT) relies on needle shaped specimens with an apex radius of ~50 nm in order to produce the critical electric field for evaporating ions. Such needle shapes are then ideally sized for characterization with t-EBSD. Atom probe data can provide information about segregation at grain boundaries. Combination of this chemical information with crystallographic information from t-EBSD provides a more complete picture of the chemical composition and the microstructure of the sample [2].
Electrode material studies and cell voltage characteristics of the in situ water electrolysis performed in a pH-neutral electrolyte in bioelectrochemical systems (2019)

Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria (HOB) have been shown to be promising micro-organisms for the reduction of carbon dioxide to a wide range of value-added products in bioelectrochemical systems with in situ water electrolysis of the cultivation medium, also known as a hybrid biological-inorganic systems (HBI). However, scaling up of this process requires overcoming the inherent constraints of the low energy efficiency partly associated with the pH-neutral electrolyte with low conductivity. Most of the research in the field is concentrated on the bacterial cultivation, whereas the analysis and evaluation of the electrode material performance have received little attention in the literature so far. Therefore, in the present work, in situ electrolysis of a pH-neutral medium for HOB cultivation was performed with different combinations of electrode materials. Besides conventional electrode types, electrodes with coatings made of earth-abundant cobalt and a nickel-iron alloy, known for their catalytic activity for the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER), were prepared and tested as potential substitutes for catalysts made of precious metals. The cultivation of HOB with in situ water electrolysis has been successfully tested in a small scale electrobioreactor in order to support the experimental results. A simplified water electrolysis model was developed and applied to evaluate the current-voltage characteristics of an bioelectrochemical system prototype. Application of the developed model allows quantitative evaluation and comparison of reversible, ohmic, and activation overvoltages of different electrode sets. The modeling results were found to agree well with the experimental data. The developed model and the data gathered can be applied to further investigation, simulation, and optimization of HBI systems.
Understanding Vaccine Hesitancy in Canada: Results of a Consultation Study by the Canadian Immunization Research Network (2016)

"Vaccine hesitancy" is a concept now frequently used in vaccination discourse. The increased popularity of this concept in both academic and public health circles is challenging previously held perspectives that individual vaccination attitudes and behaviours are a simple dichotomy of accept or reject. A consultation study was designed to assess the opinions of experts and health professionals concerning the definition, scope, and causes of vaccine hesitancy in Canada. We sent online surveys to two panels (1- vaccination experts and 2- front-line vaccine providers). Two questionnaires were completed by each panel, with data from the first questionnaire informing the development of questions for the second. Our participants defined vaccine hesitancy as an attitude (doubts, concerns) as well as a behaviour (refusing some / many vaccines, delaying vaccination). Our findings also indicate that both vaccine experts and front-line vaccine providers have the perception that vaccine rates have been declining and consider vaccine hesitancy an important issue to address in Canada. Diffusion of negative information online and lack of knowledge about vaccines were identified as the key causes of vaccine hesitancy by the participants. A common understanding of vaccine hesitancy among researchers, public health experts, policymakers and health care providers will better guide interventions that can more effectively address vaccine hesitancy within Canada.
Leukemogenicity of Clonal Isolates of Murine Leukemia Viruses 2 (1978)

The leukemogenicity of three types of cloned, in vitro grown murine retroviruses was studied. Two Moloney virus clones caused leukemia, as did five clones of the B-tropic endogenous virus of BALB/c mice. Neither of two clones of N-tropic BALB/c virus caused leukemia in Fv-1n/n mice, and the viruses were not recoverable from the animals. The ability to induce leukemia therefore appeared to reside in the genome of at least certain nondefective murine retroviruses.
Extra-Curricular Activities and Well-Being: Results From a Survey of Undergraduate University Students During COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions (2021)

Participation in extra-curricular activities has been found to associate with increased well-being. Here we investigated in a survey (<i>n</i> = 786) what activities university students at a Canadian university engaged in during the stressful COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in April, 2020, which coincided with a novel online exam period, and how these activities related to perceived well-being, anxiety (STAI-S), social aspects of activities, and personality. Sixty-five percentage of students scored in the high anxiety category of the STAI-S, an alarming statistic given that only 24% had reached out for professional supports. This is consistent with reports that current supports on university campuses are inadequate. Listening to music (92%) and watching movies/series (92%) were engaged in most frequently, followed by socializing virtually (89%) and engaging in social media (85%). The activities students rated as most helpful to their well-being were somewhat different, with outdoor exercise rated highest, followed by socializing virtually and listening to music. While all activities were rated as beneficial, those with a social component tended to have high ratings, consistent with students attempting to replace lost social interactions. Linear regression models found few associations between STAI-S scores and other measures, likely because of large individual differences and lack of a pre-pandemic baseline needed to assess changes in anxiety. The importance of individual differences was evident in that those higher in <i>conscientiousness</i> or <i>extraversion</i> or <i>emotional stability</i> were more likely to engage in exercise, while those higher in <i>openness to experience</i> were more likely to engage in journaling, playing a musical instrument, or singing, with a trend for higher engagement in song writing. Individual differences were also evident in that equal numbers of students gave positive and negative comments related to their well-being during the pandemic. The individual differences uncovered here suggest that having a variety of proactive interventions would likely reach more students. Indeed, 52% indicated an interest in online group music therapy, 48% in art therapy and 40% in verbal therapy, despite music and art therapies being virtually non-existent on campuses. In sum, the findings highlight the importance of choice in extra-curricular activities and therapies that support well-being.
Experimental study on a two-frequency secondary-radar system to detect pedestrians beyond blind corners using large anechoic chamber (2020)

We investigated a two-frequency secondary radar system to prevent traffic accidents between pedestrians and vehicles at intersections with poor visibility. We measured a ranging property between a vehicle and a pedestrian, and direction detecting property. This paper shows the results of these experiments measured in a large anechoic chamber with a wooden L-shaped wall to emulate an NLOS condition. A measurement error in NLOS was larger than that in LOS. However, it was able to detect a pedestrian in NLOS and the direction of the one.
Advanced NMR Characterization of Aquasolv Omni (AqSO) Biorefinery Lignins/Lignin‐Carbohydrate Complexes (2023)

Our recently reported AquaSolv Omni (AqSO) process shows great potential as a parameter-controlled type of biorefinery, which allows tuning of structure and properties of the products towards their optimal use in high-value applications. Herein, a comprehensive NMR (quantitative <sup>13</sup> C, <sup>31</sup> P, and 2D heteronuclear single-quantum coherence) structural characterization of AqSO lignins is reported. The effect of the process severity (P-factor) and liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) on the structure of the extracted lignins has been investigated and discussed. Low severity (P-factor in the range 400-600) and L/S=1 led to the isolation of less degraded lignin with a higher β-O-4 content up to 34/100 Ar. Harsher processing conditions (P-factor=1000-2500) yielded more condensed lignins with a high degree of condensation up to 66 at P-factor=2000. New types of lignin moieties, such as alkyl-aryl and alkyl-alkyl chemical bonds together with novel furan oxygenated structures have been identified and quantified for the first time. In addition, the formation of lignin carbohydrate complexes bonds has been hypothesized at low severity and L/S. Based on the obtained data we were able to formulate a possible outlook of the occurring reactions during the hydrothermal treatment. Overall, such detailed structural information bridges the gap from process engineering to sustainable product development.