gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atlas-based automatic planning and 3D–2D fluoroscopic guidance in pelvic trauma surgery (2019)

Percutaneous screw fixation in pelvic trauma surgery is a challenging procedure that often requires long fluoroscopic exposure times and trial-and-error insertion attempts along narrow bone corridors of the pelvis. We report a method to automatically plan surgical trajectories using preoperative CT and assist device placement by augmenting the fluoroscopic scene with planned trajectories. A pelvic shape atlas was formed from 40 CT images and used to construct a statistical shape model (SSM). Each member of the atlas included expert definition of volumetric regions representing safe trajectory within bone corridors for fixating 10 common fracture patterns. Patient-specific planning is obtained by mapping the SSM to the (un-segmented) patient CT via active shape model (ASM) registration and free-form deformation (FFD), and the resulting transformation is used to transfer the atlas trajectory volumes to the patient CT. Fluoroscopic images acquired during K-wire placement are in turn augmented with projection of the planned trajectories via 3D-2D registration. Registration performance was evaluated via leave-one-out cross-validation over the 40-member atlas, computing the root mean square error (RMSE) in pelvic surface alignment (volumetric registration error), the positive predicted value (PPV) of volumetric trajectories within bone corridors (safety of the automatically planned trajectories), and the distance between trajectories within the planned volume and the bone cortex (absence of breach). A cadaver study was conducted in which K-wires were placed under fluoroscopic guidance to validate 3D-2D registration accuracy and evaluate the potential utility of augmented fluoroscopy with planned trajectories. The leave-one-out cross-validation achieved surface RMSE of 2.2 ± 0.3 mm after ASM registration and 1.8 ± 0.2 mm after FFD refinement. Automatically determined surgical plans conformed within bone corridors with PPV > 90% and centerline trajectory within 3-5 mm of the bone cortex. 3D-2D registration in the cadaver study achieved 0.3 ± 0.8 mm accuracy (in-plane translation) and <4° accuracy (in-plane rotation). Fluoroscopic images augmented with planning data exhibited >90% conformance of volumetric planning data overlay within bone, and all centerline trajectories were within safe corridors. The approach yields a method for both automatic planning of pelvic fracture fixation and augmentation of fluoroscopy for improved surgical precision and safety. The method does not require segmentation of the patient CT, operates without additional hardware (e.g. tracking systems), and is consistent with common workflow in fluoroscopically guided procedures. The approach has the potential to reduce operating time and radiation dose by minimizing trial-and-error attempts in percutaneous screw placement.
Total Syntheses of Natural Pseurotins A, F2, and Azaspirene. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hole assisted fibers (HAFs) and holey fibers (HFs) for short-wavelength applications (2007)

HAFs and HFs (MOFs) having unique dispersion properties in near infrared and visible regime will be discussed. In particular, we focus on the dispersion control in a 1.0&#956;m band which have gathered rapidly increasing interests for the aspects of both telecom and non-telecom applications. Furthermore, dispersion shift towards visible wavelengths using a holey fiber technology has tried and the results will be explained. Finally, we will briefly discuss about the potential usage of the MOFs for short wavelength transmission.
A robust GA-FSS technique for the synthesis of optimal multiband AMCs with angular stability (2004)

A Genetic Algorithm (GA) design methodology is presented for synthesizing multiband Artificial Magnetic Conductors (AMCs) with angular stability. The GA is used to optimize the Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) screen geometry and other design parameters for both multiband operation and stability with respect to the angle of illumination at each operating frequency. The design example presented demonstrates the multiband angular stability for a dual-band AMC at a GPS frequency of 1.575 GHz and a cell phone frequency of 1.96 GHz.
Device Fabrication and Challenges (2015)

1．はじめに ミニマルファブでは，どのようなデバイスを作っていくべきなのか。世の中には無数にデバイスがあるが，一度に無数の種類を開発するわけにはいかないため，手がけるデバイス種は熟慮して決めなければならない。当然，製造装置群が完璧にそろわないうちは，デバイスはできないので
Constitutively Active Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Gene Transfer Sustains Apoptosis, Inhibits Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, and Reduces Neointima Formation After Balloon Injury in Rats (2003)

In vivo delivery of the active GSK-3beta gene inhibits smooth muscle proliferation, sustains apoptosis, and reduces neointima formation after balloon injury in rats and may be a future therapeutic target to limit neointima hyperplasia after angioplasty.
Charge regulation at the surface of porous silica (1995)

The ‘charge regulation’ model has been used to describe some features of charging the surface of porous solids when overlapping of diffuse electric double layers plays a significant part. It has been seen that, because of the charge regulation, the surface tends to be of equal potential rather than of equal charge density. The distributions of the surface charge density and surface potential over pore sizes have been calculated. The acid–base properties of porous silica gels have been investigated. The total amount of residual silanols has been found to increase with increasing pH due to hydroxylation of the silica surface and subsequent dissolution of silica. A thermodynamic model for silica dissolution has been put forward that predicts the existence of a singular point of the silica solubility curve.
Transparent electronics: Schottky barrier and heterojunction considerations (2007)

Transparent electronics employs wide band gap semi-conductors which are transparent in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum for the fabrication of electronic devices and circuits. Current and future transparent electronics applications require the use of wide band gap oxide semi-conductor interfaces as contacts and rectifiers, as well as for passivation and barrier-shaping layers. Modern Schottky barrier and heterojunction theory can be applied to the assessment of such interfaces, and is reviewed for this purpose from a charge transfer, energy band diagram perspective. Ideal interface formation theory is envisaged as originating from Fermi level mediated charge transfer giving rise to a macroscopic interfacial dipole, while non-ideal theory involves charge neutrality level mediated charge transfer giving rise to a microscopic interfacial dipole. This interface formation theory is applied to the problem of indium tin oxide (ITO) – zinc oxide and ITO – tin oxide interfaces, confirming their utility as injecting source-drain contacts in transparent thin-film transistors.
Control and implementation of three level boost converter for load voltage regulation (2013)

The multilevel converters offer significant advantages for high power applications. The use of multilevel DC/DC converters provides improved efficiency for power conversion and transmission at high voltage. This paper investigates the control and implementation of a three level boost converter for regulating the load voltages. A PI controller based switch signal phase delay control (SSPDC) method is used for adjusting the load voltages at equal turn on and turn off time of the converter switches. The circuit simulation is done in Matlab/Simulink. The controller is realized by using the FPGA in Labview/Compact-Rio module. Software waiting loop length control technique is used for implementing the switch signal delay control. The hardware circuit is implemented and tested. The results show a validation of the controller for regulating the voltages. This method can easily be applied for voltage balancing in a three level neutral point clamped inverter where neutral voltage imbalance is always an issue.
2D Waveform Inversion for Near Surface Characterization - Application to a Land Dataset from Saudi Arabia (2013)

Full seismic waveform inversion is an iterative data fitting procedure, based on full waveform modelling, which directly extracts high resolution quantitative information on the subsurface from seismograms. We present an application of frequency-domain early arrival acoustic waveform inversion to a 2D land seismic dataset in Saudi Arabia for near-surface velocity model building. Traditional traveltime methods for velocity estimation can be inadequate in arid environments where karsting, low velocity layers, outcropping refractors, and strong velocity contrasts are common. We show that the velocities estimated by waveform inversion dramatically improve the imaging of nearsurface structures compared to traveltime tomography.
Myocardial Infarct–Sparing Effect of Adenosine A2AReceptor Activation Is due to Its Action on CD4+T Lymphocytes (2006)

These results strongly suggest that the infarct-sparing effect of A2AR activation is primarily due to inhibition of CD4+ T-cell accumulation and activation in the reperfused heart.
Bradyrhizobium japonicum Mutants with Enhanced Sensitivity to Genistein Resulting in Altered nod Gene Regulation (2001)

Bradyrhizobium japonicum mutants with altered nod gene induction characteristics were isolated by screening mutants for genistein-independent nod gene expression. Plasmid pZB32, carrying a nodY::lacZ transcriptional gene fusion, was introduced into B. japonicum cells that had been subjected to UV mutagenesis. Ten independent transformants producing a blue color on plates containing 5bromo-4chloro-3indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside but lacking genistein, indicative of constitutive expression of the nodY::lacZ reporter gene, were isolated. Beta-galactosidase activity assays revealed that while all of the 10 strains were sensitive to low concentrations of genistein, none exhibited truly constitutive nodY::lacZ expression in liquid culture. Soybean plants inoculated with three of the mutants were chlorotic and stunted, with shoot dry weights close to those of the uninoculated plants, indicating the absence of nitrogen fixation. Differences in the kinetics of nodY::lacZ expression and lipochitin oligosaccharide Nod signal production suggested that the strains carried different mutations. Some of these strains may be useful in mitigating the low root zone temperature-associated delay in soybean nodulation at the northern extent of soybean cultivation.
A Demand Adaptive and Locality Aware (DALA) streaming media server cluster architecture (2002)

The wide availability of broadband networking technologies such as cable modems and DSL coupled with the growing popularity of the Internet has led to a dramatic increase in the availability and the use of online streaming media. With the "last mile" network bandwidth no longer a constraint, the bottleneck for video streaming has been pushed closer to the server. Streaming high quality audio and video to a myriad of clients imposes significant resource demands on the server. In this work, we propose a demand adaptive and locality aware (DALA) clustered media server architecture that can dynamically allocate resources to adapt to changing demand and also maximize the number of clients serviced by the server cluster. Moreover, our design exploits temporal locality among requests by dispatching newly arriving requests to servers that are already servicing prior requests for those objects, thereby extracting the benefits of locality. We explore the efficacy of the DALA clustered architecture using simulations. Our simulation results show that DALA is highly adaptive, exhibits significant performance gains when compared to static schemes, and has a low system overhead. Our results demonstrate that DALA is a simple, yet effective approach for designing clustered media servers.
On the robust estimation of power spectra, coherences, and transfer functions (1987)

Robust estimation of power spectra, coherences, and transfer functions is investigated in the context of geophysical data processing. The methods described are frequency‐domain extensions of current techniques from the statistical literature and are applicable in cases where section‐averaging methods would be used with data that are contaminated by local nonstationarity or isolated outliers. The paper begins with a review of robust estimation theory, emphasizing statistical principles and the maximum likelihood or M‐estimators. These are combined with section‐averaging spectral techniques to obtain robust estimates of power spectra, coherences, and transfer functions in an automatic, data‐adaptive fashion. Because robust methods implicitly identify abnormal data, methods for monitoring the statistical behavior of the estimation process using quantile‐quantile plots are also discussed. The results are illustrated using a variety of examples from electromagnetic geophysics.
Optimization of wire construction from several 2G HTS tapes (2019)

Despite the second generation HTS tapes (2G HTS tape) have limits in critical current value, scientific and electric devices require more current density day after day. These requirements are realized by using different superconducting wires that consist of 2G HTS tapes designed in various combinations. Authors of this paper have developed the numerical model for estimation of total critical current in the superconducting wire and critical current in each 2G HTS tape placed in this superconducting wire. The current drop in six 2G HTS tapes having different constructions was analyzed. The result of this research is the decrease of critical current up to 25 % for the stack of tapes and up to 5 % for the parallel tapes in the same plane. In addition, what was also made is the estimation of the current distribution by length for six 25 m 2G HTS tapes in different constructions and determination of current deviation by length of the wire.
Profiles of matrix metalloproteinase activity in equine tear fluid during corneal healing in 10 horses with ulcerative keratitis (2004)

Ulcerative keratitis in horses is associated with initially high levels of tear film proteolytic activity that decrease as the ulcers heal. The success of medical and surgical treatment of the corneal ulcers is reflected by the enzyme activity in tears. In horses successful treatment does lead to a rapid reduction in tear film proteolytic activity that corresponded with the improvement in the clinical signs of corneal ulceration. Measurement of MMP activity in the tear film might represent a way to monitor the progression of corneal healing in horses with ulcerative keratitis.
Molecular Energy and Environmental Science: A Workshop Sponsored by The National Science Foundation and The Department of Energy May 26-27, 1999 in Rosemont, Illinois (1999)

Energy and the environment pose major scientific and technological challenges for the 21st century. New technologies for increasing the efficiency of harvesting and utilizing energy resources are essential to the nation’s economic competitiveness. At the same time, the quality of life in the United States depends inherently on the environmental impact of energy production and utilization. This interdependence makes it imperative to develop a better understanding of the environment and new strategies for minimizing the impact of energy-related activities. Recent advances in techniques for the synthesis and characterization of chemicals and materials and for the molecular control of biological organisms make it possible, for the first time, to address this imperative. Chemistry, with its focus on the molecular level, plays a central role in addressing the needs for fundamental understanding and technology development in both the energy and environmental fields. Understanding environmental processes and consequences requires studying natural systems, rather than focussing exclusively on laboratory models. Natural systems and their complexity pose an enormous, perhaps the ultimate, challenge to chemists, and will provide them with varied and exciting new problems for years to come. In addition, the complexity of the underlying systems and processes often requires multi-disciplinary programs that bridge the interfaces between chemistry and other disciplines. (See Figure 1) This has ramifications in the approach to funding research and suggests needs for broadening the educational training of future scientists and engineers in these programs. Figure 1. NSF and DOE should consider sponsoring research centers and focused research groups organized to optimize their impact on Technological Challenges of national interest. The research will have significant impact if it addresses issues of fundamental molecular science in one or more Enabling Research Areas. Approximately 7 research centers and 40 collaborative research groups are needed at a total annual funding level of $30 Million. Technological Challenges 1. Energy 2. Chemical Synthesis & Processing 3. Clean Air 4. Clean Water 5. Clean Earth Enabling Research Areas A. Materials Synthesis & Nanoscience B. Metallo-Enzymes & Metal Chelators C. Interfacial Science, Corrosion & Separations D. Catalysis/Biocatalysis E. Alternative Solvents F. Waste Treatment G. Supporting Capabilities & Technologies The body of this report provides examples of the Technological Challenges and Enabling Research Areas relevant to energy and the environment. The report
Isolation of Bovine Milk Exosome Using Electrophoretic Oscillation Assisted Tangential Flow Filtration with Antifouling of Micro-ultrafiltration Membrane Filters (2023)

Tangent flow-driven ultrafiltration (TF-UF) is an efficient isolation process of milk exosomes without morphological deformation. However, the TF-UF approach with micro-ultrafiltration SiN<sub><i>x</i></sub> membrane filters suffers from the clogging and fouling of micro-ultrafiltration membrane filter pores with large bioparticles. Thus, it is limited in the long term, continuous isolation of large quantities of exosomes. In this work, we introduced electrophoretic oscillation (EPO) in the TF-UF approach to remove pore clogging and fouling of with micro-ultrafiltration SiN<sub><i>x</i></sub> membrane filters by large bioparticles. As a result, the combined EPO-assisted TF (EPOTF) filtration can isolate large quantities of bovine milk exosomes without deformation. Furthermore, several morphological and biological analyses confirmed that the EPOTF filtration approach could isolate the milk exosomes in high concentrations with high purity and intact morphology. In addition, the uptake test of fluorescent-labeled exosomes by the keratinocyte cells visualized the biological function of purified exosomes. Hence, compared to the TF-UF process, the EPOTF filtration produced a higher yield of bovine milk exosomes without stopping the filtering process for over 200 h. Therefore, this isolation process enables scalable and continuous production of morphologically intact exosomes from bovine milk, suggesting that high-quality exosome purification is possible for future applications such as drug nanocarriers, diagnosis, and treatments.
Negative‐ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry in the characterization of deoxyfluorinated sugars (1994)

Abstract Negative‐ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and metastable ion studies were applied to the characterization of three isomeric fluorine‐containing sugars. Peculiar fragmentation processes were evidenced for each isomer, enabling their differentiation. Comparison with the behaviour of a non‐fluorinated analogue allowed investigation of the role of fluorine in the decomposition processes of these compounds.
Autoantibodies in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I patients react with major brain neurotransmitter systems (2009)

Abstract Patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I (APS1) often display high titers of autoantibodies (autoAbs) directed against aromatic L‐amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Neurological symptoms, including stiff‐man syndrome and cerebellar ataxia, can occur in subjects with high levels of GAD autoAbs, particularly when patient sera can immunohistochemically stain γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons. However, it was not known if APS1 sera can also stain major monoamine systems in the brain. Therefore, in this work we applied sera from 17 APS1 patients known to contain autoAbs against AADC, TH, TPH, and/or GAD to rat brain sections and processed the sections according to the sensitive immunohistochemical tyramide signal amplification method. We found that autoAbs in sera from 11 patients were able to stain AADC‐containing dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic as well as AADC only (D‐group) neurons and fibers in the rat brain, in several cases with a remarkably high quality and sensitivity (dilution up to 1:1,000,000); and, since they are human antibodies, they offer a good opportunity for performing multiple‐labeling experiments using antibodies from other species. Six APS1 sera also stained GABAergic neuronal circuitries. Similar results were obtained in the mouse and primate brain. Our data demonstrate that many APS1 sera can immunostain the major monoamine and GABA systems in the brain. Only in a few cases, however, there was evidence that these autoAbs can be associated with neurological manifestations in APS1 patients, as, e.g., shown in stiff‐man syndrome. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:1–20, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Field-induced phase transitions in an antiferroelectric liquid crystal using the pyroelectric effect (2000)

The antiferroelectric liquid crystal (AFLC) under investigation possesses different helical polar phases. Measurements of pyroelectric response of these phases as a function of temperature and bias field have elucidated the ability of this method for investigating the nature of antiferroelectric phases and phase transitions under the bias field. The pyroelectric signal as a function of the bias field at fixed temperatures and as a function of temperature for fixed bias fields was measured for different phases of the investigated AFLC material. A theoretical model describing the pyroelectric response in different phases of AFLC is given, and the experimental results are interpreted. The threshold fields for field induced phase transitions are determined. The type of field induced phase transition from the AF phase in particular is found to be dependent on the temperature within its range. The properties of an unusual ferrielectric phase existing between ferrielectric chiral smectic-C (SmC*) and antiferroelectric AF phases are studied in a great detail. The results confirm that this phase is one of the incommensurate phases, predicted by the axial next-nearest neighbor Ising model and Landau model for this temperature region.