gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control laboratory experiments in thermoacoustics using the Rijke tube (2014)

We report on experiments that investigate the dynamics, identification and control of thermoacoustic phenomena in a Rijke tube apparatus. These experiments are relatively simple to construct and conduct in a typical, well-equipped undergraduate controls laboratory, yet allow for the exploration of rich and coupled acoustic and thermal dynamics, the associated thermoacoustic instabilities, and the use of acoustic feedback control for their stabilization. We describe the apparatus construction, investigation of thermoacoustic dynamics and instabilities in both open-loop and closed-loop configurations, closed-loop identification of the underlying dynamics, as well as model validation. We also summarize a transcendental transfer function analysis that explains the underlying phenomena. These experiments are notable for the fact that rich thermoacoustic phenomena can be analyzed using introductory concepts such as the frequency response and root locus, and thus can be performed and understood by controls students with relatively little background in acoustics or heat transfer.
Observation of the Decay Λb0→Λc+τ−ν¯τ (2022)

The first observation of the semileptonic b-baryon decay Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ}, with a significance of 6.1σ, is reported using a data sample corresponding to 3 fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity, collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV at the LHC. The τ^{-} lepton is reconstructed in the hadronic decay to three charged pions. The ratio K=B(Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}π^{-}π^{+}π^{-}) is measured to be 2.46±0.27±0.40, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The branching fraction B(Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})=(1.50±0.16±0.25±0.23)% is obtained, where the third uncertainty is from the external branching fraction of the normalization channel Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}π^{-}π^{+}π^{-}. The ratio of semileptonic branching fractions R(Λ_{c}^{+})≡B(Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ}) is derived to be 0.242±0.026±0.040±0.059, where the external branching fraction uncertainty from the channel Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}μ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{μ} contributes to the last term. This result is in agreement with the standard model prediction.
Performance analysis of DTC methods of two-phase induction motors with different inverter topologies (2012)

In this paper, direct torque control of symmetrical two-phase induction motors using two- and three-leg inverters is analyzed and utilizing four-leg inverter is proposed. Essential equations for controlling both torque and flux are presented and switching tables are derived. Different inverter topologies are compared from the view point of switching frequency and the operation of control system in high speed applications. Performed analysis and calculations are validated by dynamic simulation.
Highly active cationic cobalt(II) hydroformylation catalysts (2020)

The cobalt complexes HCo(CO)<sub>4</sub> and HCo(CO)<sub>3</sub>(PR<sub>3</sub>) were the original industrial catalysts used for the hydroformylation of alkenes through reaction with hydrogen and carbon monoxide to produce aldehydes. More recent and expensive rhodium-phosphine catalysts are hundreds of times more active and operate under considerably lower pressures. Cationic cobalt(II) bisphosphine hydrido-carbonyl catalysts that are far more active than traditional neutral cobalt(I) catalysts and approach rhodium catalysts in activity are reported here. These catalysts have low linear-to-branched (L:B) regioselectivity for simple linear alkenes. However, owing to their high alkene isomerization activity and increased steric effects due to the bisphosphine ligand, they have high L:B selectivities for internal alkenes with alkyl branches. These catalysts exhibit long lifetimes and substantial resistance to degradation reactions.
Compensating for source directivity in immersive wave experimentation (2019)

A physical boundary mounted with active sources can cancel acoustic waves arriving at the boundary, and emit synthesized waves into the neighboring medium to fully control the acoustic wavefield in an experimental setup such as a water tank or air-filled cavity. Using the same principles, a physical experiment can be artificially immersed within an extended virtual (numerical) domain so that waves propagate seamlessly between the experimental setup and virtual domain. Such an immersive wave control experiment requires physical monopolar sources on the active boundary. However, real physical sources (e.g., piezoelectric transducers) project waves at middle-to-high sonic frequencies (e.g., 1-20 kHz) that do not fully conform to the theoretically required monopolar radiation pattern; if left uncorrected, this causes controlled wavefields to deviate from those desired in immersive experiments. A method is proposed to compensate for the non-monopole-like radiation patterns of the sources, and can be interpreted physically in terms of Huygens principle. The method is implemented as a pre-computation procedure that modifies the extrapolation Green's functions in the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral before the actual experiments take place. Two-dimensional finite-difference simulations show that the processing method can effectively suppress the undesired effect caused by non-monopolar active sources in immersive wave control experiments.
The knowledge and attitude of general dental practitioners toward the proper standards of care while managing endodontic patients in Saudi Arabia (2019)

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of general dental practitioners (GDPs) toward performing the proper standards of care while managing patients undergoing endodontic treatment in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: An e-questionnaire was distributed among GDPs in Saudi Arabia (n = 650). The e-questionnaire questions covered the assessment of knowledge, attitude, and performance of GDPs toward practicing the proper standards of endodontic treatment in their clinic. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, and the relationships between categorical variables were established using Chi-square test. Results: Most of the participants reported obtaining full medical history before root canal treatment (RCT, 82.3%; P < 0.05). However, only 12.2% of the participants regularly measure the blood pressure for their patients before starting RCT. Only 56.3% of the participated dentists are applying rubber dam isolation during RCT, while 24.2% believe that partial isolation is sufficient for such a procedure (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 42.8% of the surveyed GDPs use cold test to confirm the endodontic diagnosis, while 55.5% think that percussion is a reliable method for diagnosis (P < 0.05). Surprisingly, 37.3% of the dentists still prefer leaving the tooth open for pain relief and drainage in abscess cases. Finally, only 28.7% of the participants mentioned performing regular follow-up after RCT. Conclusions: Our data show a clear deficiency in the standards of care provided by GDPs when performing RCT in Saudi Arabia. We hope that this publication will help highlight key areas where lack of knowledge and poor attitude exist while performing RCT by the GDPs in Saudi, thereby helping to raise treatment standards and improve treatment outcomes.
Prediction of Esophageal Varices in Patients with Cirrhosis: Usefulness of Three-dimensional MR Elastography with Echo-planar Imaging Technique (2014)

HS and SS are associated with esophageal varices and showed better performance than did spleen length in assessing the presence of esophageal varices. MR elastography is comparable to DCE MR imaging in predicting the presence of esophageal varices and high-risk varices, but, when assessed in combination, sensitivity is higher.
Understanding and Constructing Latent Modality Structures in Multi-modal Representation Learning (2023)

Contrastive loss has been increasingly used in learning representations from multiple modalities. In the limit, the nature of the contrastive loss encourages modalities to exactly match each other in the latent space. Yet it remains an open question how the modality alignment affects the downstream task performance. In this paper, based on an information-theoretic argument, we first prove that exact modality alignment is sub-optimal in general for downstream prediction tasks. Hence we advocate that the key of better performance lies in meaningful latent modality structures instead of perfect modality alignment. To this end, we propose three general approaches to construct latent modality structures. Specifically, we design 1) a deep feature separation loss for intra-modality regularization; 2) a Brownian-bridge loss for inter-modality regularization; and 3) a geometric consistency loss for both intra- and inter-modality regularization. Extensive experiments are conducted on two popular multi-modal representation learning frameworks: the CLIP-based two-tower model and the ALBEF-based fusion model. We test our model on a variety of tasks including zero/few-shot image classification, image-text retrieval, visual question answering, visual reasoning, and visual entailment. Our method achieves consistent improvements over existing methods, demonstrating the effectiveness and generalizability of our proposed approach on latent modality structure regularization.
Mineral Association Analysis: Predicting unknown mineral occurrences and improving our understanding of mineralogy (2023)

Minerals are the oldest surviving materials from the formation of our solar system. They are time capsules that store and provide information about the evolution of Earth and other planetary bodies. In addition to being a cornerstone of geoscience research, minerals also have economic, industrial and commercial importance in many sectors of society. One of the fundamental questions in mineralogy and geosciences in general is &amp;#8220;Where to find minerals?&amp;#8221;. Due to the complex and intertwined nature of natural systems, it has been hard to predict the occurrences of minerals. However, with increase in the volume and accuracy of mineral data and rise of mineral informatics, data science and analytics methods can be developed to answer this fundamental question in mineralogy.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;In this contribution, we present &amp;#8220;mineral association analysis&amp;#8221;, a method to: 1) Predict the mineral inventory for any existing locality. 2) Predict previous unknown localities for any given mineral. Mineral association analysis is a machine learning method that uses association rule learning to find interesting patterns based on mineral occurrence data. Using mineral association analysis, we have been able to predict locations of critical minerals, such as minerals with Li- and Th-bearing phases, predict the mineral inventory of mars analogue sites, and even understand how mineralization and mineral associations changed through deep time.
Supplementary Data from MDM2 Inhibition Enhances Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy by Increasing IL15 and MHC Class II Production (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures Legends and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Dynamic PWM Ramp Signal to Improve Load Transient in DCM and Mode Hoping Operation (2007)

Demanding high power applications, such as fast processors, and pulsed loads are requiring new levels of performance from dc/dc converters. The requirement of high slew rate of load current with minimal output voltage deviation is challenging. In case of load transient in CCM operation, the duty ratio is almost constant over the load current range, it slightly changes to compensate the extra losses and keep output voltage regulation. While in DCM and mode hoping operation, duty ratio varies significantly in case of load transient, the compensator is required to update the error signal, consequently the duty ratio, as load current varies. Since it takes longer time for the compensator to reach the steady state in cases of large duty cycle variation (DCM operation), the output voltage deviation during load transient is drastically increased when operating in DCM compared to CCM operation. Proposed is a control method, that dynamically modulate the PWM ramp signal peak, consequently modulate the PWM modulator gain, to minimize the required error signal change during load transient, so that the compensator reach steady state faster. Therefore, lower output voltage deviation during load transient can be achieved. Principle of operation, analyses, and experimental results are presented, revealing significant load transient improvement.
CMTM3 , Located at the Critical Tumor Suppressor Locus 16q22.1, Is Silenced by CpG Methylation in Carcinomas and Inhibits Tumor Cell Growth through Inducing Apoptosis (2009)

Closely located at the tumor suppressor locus 16q22.1, CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing member 3 and 4 (CMTM3 and CMTM4) encode two CMTM family proteins, which link chemokines and the transmembrane-4 superfamily. In contrast to the broad expression of both CMTM3 and CMTM4 in normal human adult tissues, only CMTM3 is silenced or down-regulated in common carcinoma (gastric, breast, nasopharyngeal, esophageal, and colon) cell lines and primary tumors. CMTM3 methylation was not detected in normal epithelial cell lines and tissues, with weak methylation present in only 5 of 35 (14%) gastric cancer adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed that CMTM3 protein was absent in 12 of 35 (34%) gastric and 1 of 2 colorectal tumors, which was well correlated with its methylation status. The silencing of CMTM3 is due to aberrant promoter CpG methylation that could be reversed by pharmacologic demethylation. Ectopic expression of CMTM3 strongly suppressed the colony formation of carcinoma cell lines. In addition, CMTM3 inhibited tumor cell growth and induced apoptosis with caspase-3 activation. Thus, CMTM3 exerts tumor-suppressive functions in tumor cells, with frequent epigenetic inactivation by promoter CpG methylation in common carcinomas.
On the Stability of Mg Nanograins to Coarsening after Repeated Melting (2009)

Herein we report on the extraordinary thermal stability of approximately 35 nm Mg-nanograins that constitute the matrix of a Ti(2)AlC-Mg composite that has previously been shown to have excellent mechanical properties. The microstructure is so stable that heating the composite three times to 700 degrees C, which is 50 degrees C over the melting point of Mg, not only resulted in the repeated melting of the Mg, but surprisingly and within the resolution of our differential scanning calorimeter, did not lead to any coarsening. The reduction in the Mg melting point due to the nanograins was approximately 50 degrees C. X-ray diffraction and neutron spectroscopy results suggest that thin, amorphous, and/or poorly crystallized rutile, anatase, and/or magnesia layers separate the Mg nanograins and prevent them from coarsening. Clearly that layer is thin enough, and thus mechanically robust enough, to survive the melting and solidification stresses encountered during cycling. Annealing in hydrogen at 250 degrees C for 20 h, also did not seem to alter the grain size significantly.
The effect of chronic kidney disease on tissue formation of in situ tissue-engineered vascular grafts (2023)

Vascular <i>in situ</i> tissue engineering encompasses a single-step approach with a wide adaptive potential and true off-the-shelf availability for vascular grafts. However, a synchronized balance between breakdown of the scaffold material and neo-tissue formation is essential. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may influence this balance, lowering the usability of these grafts for vascular access in end-stage CKD patients on dialysis. We aimed to investigate the effects of CKD on <i>in vivo</i> scaffold breakdown and tissue formation in grafts made of electrospun, modular, supramolecular polycarbonate with ureido-pyrimidinone moieties (PC-UPy). We implanted PC-UPy aortic interposition grafts (n = 40) in a rat 5/6th nephrectomy model that mimics systemic conditions in human CKD patients. We studied patency, mechanical stability, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, total cellularity, vascular tissue formation, and vascular calcification in CKD and healthy rats at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation. Our study shows successful <i>in vivo</i> application of a slow-degrading small-diameter vascular graft that supports adequate <i>in situ</i> vascular tissue formation. Despite systemic inflammation associated with CKD, no influence of CKD on patency (Sham: 95% vs CKD: 100%), mechanical stability, ECM formation (Sirius red<sup>+</sup>, Sham 16.5% vs CKD 25.0%-p:0.83), tissue composition, and immune cell infiltration was found. We did find a limited increase in vascular calcification at 12 weeks (Sham 0.08% vs CKD 0.80%-p:0.02) in grafts implanted in CKD animals. However, this was not associated with increased stiffness in the explants. Our findings suggest that disease-specific graft design may not be necessary for use in CKD patients on dialysis.
Procedural Module: Flexible Cystoscopy (2018)

A simple, standardized manner for performing office-based flexible cystoscopy is essential to the practice of all urologists. By following the outlined steps, the urethra and the entire bladder, including the bladder neck area, can be thoroughly evaluated.
Additional Computational data (related to "Functional materials discovery using energy–structure–function maps" manuscript) (2017)

Dataset supports: Pulido, Angeles et al. (2017) Functional materials discovery using energy–structure–function maps. Nature. Computational data related to landscape of predicted crystal structures (*_Predicted_Structures.cif files), energy-structure-function maps (*_ESF_maps.txt and T2_*.txt files) and thermal stability of predicted crystal structures (*_Thermal_Stability_Results.txt) and a master README file related to "Functional materials discovery using energy–structure–function maps" Nature manuscript.
The effect of the CXCR7 inhibitor CCX662 on survival in the ENU rat model of glioblastoma. (2012)

e13580 Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of malignant brain cancer. Despite aggressive therapy, consisting of radiotherapy, surgical resection, and chemotherapeutic treatment, mean survival from time of diagnosis remains little more than one year. The chemokine receptor CXCR7 is highly expressed on both human glioma cells and tumor-associated vasculature, and may play a key role in tumor growth and survival. Methods: The in vitro activity of the CXCR7 antagonist CCX662 was determined using radioligand binding assays and trans-endothelial migration assays. The therapeutic effects of CCX662 were investigated in the ENU-induced rat model of GBM in combination with radiotherapy. Results: CCX662 is a highly potent and selective small molecule inhibitor of CXCR7. CCX662 inhibits the binding of 125 I-CXCL12 to CXCR7 with an IC 50 of 9 nM in buffer, and displays minimal serum shift with an IC 50 of 18 nM in 100% human serum. CCX662 inhibits the CXCR4-directed trans-endothelial migration of CXCR4+/CXCR7+ NC37 cells towards CXCL12 (SDF1) with an IC 50 of 106 nM. CCX662 also potently inhibits binding of 125 I-CXCL12 to rat CXCR7 in the presence of 100% rat serum with an IC 50 of 14 nM. In vivo inhibition of CXCR7 with CCX662, in concert with radiotherapy, results in a significant extension of survival time in the ENU-induced rat model of GBM. The median survival time for rats (reflective of GBM tumor progression) treated with the combination of irradiation and CCX662 was 234 days compared with 160 days for untreated rats (p&lt;0.01) or compared with 174 days for rats given irradiation plus vehicle (p&lt;0.01). As expected for a non-cytotoxic drug, dose-range finding 14-day toxicology studies in rats and dogs have demonstrated large (&gt; 10 and 25-fold, respectively) safety margin relative to highly effective levels of the drug. Conclusions: CCX662 is a highly selective and potent small molecule inhibitor of CXCR7 with profound, therapeutic benefit in an aggressive rodent model of GBM. These data indicate that inhibition of CXCR7, using CCX662, may be a promising strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Techniques for Color-Gamut Reduction (2003)

Printing with custom inks is of interest both for artistic purposes and for printing security documents such as banknotes. However, in order to create designs with only a few custom inks, a general purpose high-quality gamut reduction technique is needed. Most existing gamut mapping techniques map an input gamut such as the gamut of a CRT display into the gamut of an output device such as a CMYK printer. In the present contribution, we are interested in printing with up to three custom inks, which in the general case define a rather narrow color gamut compared with the gamut of standard CMYK printers. The proposed color gamut reduction techniques should work for any combination of custom inks and have a smooth and predictable behavior. When the black ink is available, the lightness levels present in the original image remain nearly identical. Original colors with hues outside the target gamut are projected onto the gray axis or onto desaturated colors. Original colors with hues inside the target gamut hues are rendered as faithful as possible. When the black ink is not available, we map the gray axis G into a colored curve G' connecting in the 3D color space the paper white and the darkest available color formed by the superposition of the 3 inks. The mapped gray axis curve G' is given by the Neugebauer equations when enforcing equal amounts of custom inks. After lightness mapping, hue and saturation mappings are carried out. When the target gamut does not incorporate the gray axis, we divide it into two volumes, one on the desaturated side of the mapped gray axis curve G' and the other on the saturated side of the G' curve. Colors whose hues are not part of the target color gamut are mapped to colors located on the desaturated side of the G' curve. Colors within the set of printable hues remain within the target color gamut and retain as much as possible their original hue and saturation.
Association of Spectral-Domain OCT With Long-term Disability Worsening in Multiple Sclerosis (2021)

This study provides Class I evidence that lower baseline GCIPL thickness on SD-OCT is independently associated with long-term disability worsening in MS.
MemSAT (2010)

Memory models are hard to reason about due to their complexity, which stems from the need to strike a balance between ease-of-programming and allowing compiler and hardware optimizations. In this paper, we present an automated tool, MemSAT, that helps in debugging and reasoning about memory models. Given an axiomatic specification of a memory model and a multi-threaded test program containing assertions, MemSAT outputs a trace of the program in which both the assertions and the memory model axioms are satisfied, if one can be found. The tool is fully automatic and is based on a SAT solver. If it cannot find a trace, it outputs a minimal subset of the memory model and program constraints that are unsatisfiable. We used MemSAT to check several existing memory models against their published test cases, including the current Java Memory Model by Manson et al. and a revised version of it by Sevcik and Aspinall. We found subtle discrepancies between what was expected and the actual results of test programs.