gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prospective Multicenter Validation of a Simple Blood Test for the Diagnosis of Glut1 Deficiency Syndrome (2023)

This study provides Class I evidence that a positive METAglut1 test accurately distinguishes patients with suspected GLUT1 deficiency syndrome from other neurologic syndromes as compared with invasive and genetic testing.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY (2003)

Berry, Daniel J. MD; (Moderator)1; Berger, Richard A. MD2; Callaghan, John J. MD3; Dorr, Lawrence D. MD4; Duwelius, Paul J. MD5; Hartzband, Mark A. MD6; Lieberman, Jay R. MD7; Mears, Dana C. MD8 Author Information
Phase I/II, Open-Label, Dose-Escalating Study of MDX-060 Administered Weekly for 4 Weeks in Subjects with Refractory/Relapsed CD30 Positive Lymphoma. (2004)

Abstract Background: MDX-060 is a fully human anti-CD30 IgG1k monoclonal antibody that induces Fc-receptor mediated killing of CD30 expressing cell lines and inhibits the growth of CD30-expressing tumor cells in a murine xenograft model. We previously reported data from the first 31 patients in a Phase I/II open-label, dose escalation study of MDX-060 in patients with relapsed or refractory CD30+ lymphomas. The purpose of the study is to determine the safety and tolerability profile of the drug, and to preliminarily evaluate efficacy. We now update the findings of this study, including reporting the results of a new higher dose cohort. Methods: In the Phase I portion of the study, MDX-060 was administered intravenously at dose levels of 0.1, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg weekly for 4 weeks to cohorts of 3–6 patients. In the Phase II portion of the study additional patients were administered MDX-060 intravenously at 10 (n=10) or 15 (n=17) mg/kg weekly for 4 weeks. Responses were assessed at month 2. Results: To date, MDX-060 has been administered to 48 patients; 40 with Hodgkin’s disease (HD), 6 with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and 2 with other CD30 positive lymphomas. MDX-060 has been well tolerated, and a maximum tolerated dose has not been identified. There were 2 drug-related serious adverse events, 1 patient in the 1 mg/kg dosing cohort had Grade 3 elevated liver transaminase, and 1 patient in the 15 mg/kg cohort had Grade 3 pneumonia/Grade 4 ARDS. Objective clinical responses have been observed in 5 patients. Two patients had complete responses; 1 patient with ALCL in the 1 mg/kg cohort lasting 100 days, and 1 patient with HD in the 15 mg/kg cohort lasting 117 days. Retreatment of the ALCL patient with MDX-060 resulted in a second complete response. Three patients had partial responses; 1 patient with HD in the 5 mg/kg cohort lasting 92 days, and 1 patient with HD in the 15 mg/kg cohort, which is continuing at 176 days. In addition, 1 patient with ALCL in the 15 mg/kg cohort had a partial response. Stable disease was observed in 17 patients following MDX-060 administration with a median duration of 132 days (range:15–387 days). Baseline soluble CD30 levels in the plasma were evaluated, but did not appear to correlate with clinical outcome. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence indicates MDX-060 to be well tolerated in heavily pre-treated patients with CD30+ lymphomas, with minimal toxicity, and with clinical activity observed at 1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg. Additional patients are being accrued at 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg to more accurately assess efficacy at these dose levels.
Application of a liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method to the biodistribution and excretion studies of novel 5′-chloro-2, 3-didehydroindolo (2′, 3′: 2, 3) betulinic acid (DRF-4012) in tumour-bearing mice (2012)

Novel betulinic acid derivative 5'-chloro-2, 3-didehydroindolo [2', 3': 2, 3] betulinic acid (DRF-4012) is a new effective lupane type triterpenes with greater anticancer activity and efficacy than betulinic acid and currently under advanced preclinical investigation phase. In this study, a sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometric (LC/MS) method has been developed for the determination of DRF-4012 in tumour-bearing mice plasma, urine, feces and tissues (liver, brain, lungs, heart, spleen, stomach, thigh muscle, kidneys, urinary bladder, small intestine and tumour). Biodistribution and excretion studies were performed for DRF-4012 nanoparticle (30 mg/kg body weight) after intravenous (i.v.) injection in tumour-bearing mice. DRF-4012 rapidly distributed throughout the body. After 0.5 h, tumour showed the second highest concentration, which was nearly half of the liver. After 4 and 24 h, the highest concentration of DRF-4012 was found in tumour indicating its retention in tumour site for a longer time. Excretion studies revealed that very low amount of unchanged DRF-4012 was observed in urine and primarily excreted through fecal route. This study may be useful to explain the manner in which DRF-4012 can inhibit tumour growth without apparent toxicity and preclinical/clinical evaluation of this potential antitumour agent.
Robust High Speed Positioning Servo System Considering Saturation of Current and Speed (2006)

A robust servo system is important for performance improvement of motion control system in several industry applications. Generally, a high speed positioning servo system consists of robust control systems with integrator, such as PI controller. The industrial servo system always has the limitation for the capacity of actuator and power amplifier. An ordinary industrial position servo system often has the saturation of motor current and motor speed. It is difficult for the high speed positioning servo system to keep the robust position control against the saturation of motor current and motor speed. Because, an ordinary position servo system has the complicated control structure with many control loops. Hence, it sometimes has the large overshoot and the oscillated response by the limitation of motor current and motor speed. In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposes a new robust high speed positioning servo system considering the saturation of torque current and motor speed. The experimental results show that the proposed robust high speed positioning servo system the quick and stable position response for the saturation of motor current and motor speed.
Head-Mounted Displays for Virtual Environments: The Optical Interface (1994)

Head-mounted display (HMD) systems are becoming more and more popular tools Tor scientific visualization across many disciplines. This paper focuses on the optical interface to virtual worlds. Three generic types of optical viewers are described, as well as a head-tracking optical device with scalable work area. Current state of the art is discussed, and the HMD of the future presented.
Nonlinear Photon-Assisted Tunneling Transport in Optical Gap Antennas (2014)

We introduce strongly coupled optical gap antennas to interface optical radiation with current-carrying electrons at the nanoscale. The transducer relies on the nonlinear optical and electrical properties of an optical gap antenna operating in the tunneling regime. We discuss the underlying physical mechanisms controlling the conversion involving d-band electrons and demonstrate that a simple two-wire optical antenna can provide advanced optoelectronic functionalities beyond tailoring the electromagnetic response of a single emitter. Interfacing an electronic command layer with a nanoscale optical device may thus be facilitated by the optical rectennas discussed here.
Solution Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Core-shell Structured NiCo Particles. (2003)

Synthesis of nanometer size core-shell structured NiCo particles via the modified polyol process is described. Cobalt particles of about 20 nm with hcp crystal structure was synthesized by the use of appropriate type of glycol, hydroxyl ions, adsorbing ions, nucleating agents and other reaction conditions, which otherwise were few microns in diameter and fcc in structure. It is proposed that the suitable control of those factors permitted the enhancement of the metal forming reaction rate. The room temperature (RT) saturation magnetization (M5) and coercivity (Hc) of the fcc-cobalt particles of few hundred nanometer in diameter ranged from 135 to 150emu/g and 35 to161 Oe, respectively. However, the 20 nm hcp-Co particles reported a M5 of 67 emu/g and Hc, 535 Oe. On the other hand, the nickel metal particles of few tens of nanometer in diameter were synthesized by modifying the ethylene glycol EG-Ni(II) solution chemistry, which otherwise were sub micron in size and had plate-like morphology. The nickel particles were polycrystalline with fcc structure. The M5 and Hc at RT ranged from 38 to 55 emu/g and 100 to 170 Oe, respectively. Though nickel was reduced easily than the cobalt in the absence of hydroxyl ions in EG, the reaction kinetics was reversed in the presence of hydroxyl ions. Thus, the unconstrained control of the reaction kinetics through the manipulation of the reaction parameters permitted the co-reduction of Ni and Co ions and facilitated the synthesis of nanocrystalline core-shell structured NiCo particles. The TEM-EDX analysis revealed that the core was rich in Co and the shell was rich in Ni. The magnetic properties of the particles depended on the Ni to Co ratio and the M, of these particles ranged between 50 and 150emu/g.
Diabolo Nanoantenna for Enhancing and Confining the Magnetic Optical Field (2011)

In this Letter, we introduce a new nanoantenna concept aimed at generating a single magnetic hot spot in the optical frequency range, thus confining and enhancing the magnetic optical field on the background of a much lower electric field. This nanoantenna, designed by applying Babinet's principle to the bowtie nanoaperture, takes the shape of a diabolo. It differs from the well-known bowtie nanoantenna in that the opposing pair of metal triangles are electrically connected through their facing tips. Thus instead of a large charge density accumulating at the air gap of the bowtie nanoantenna, leading to a large electric field, a high optical current density develops within the central "metal gap" of the diabolo nanoantenna, leading to a large magnetic field. Numerical simulation results on the first nanodiabolo geometries show a 2900-fold enhancement of the magnetic field at a wavelength of 2540 nm, confined to a 40-by-40 nm region near the center of the nanoantenna.
Microarrays: Use in Gene Identification (2006)

Abstract Gene prediction by computer algorithms and approaches based on comparative genomics identifies the presence of potential genes in a genomic sequence. By placing these predicted genes onto microarrays and searching for interactions with complementary DNA from different types of tissue or cell, novel genes are discovered.
Synthesis of 2′-Deoxyribonucleoside Derivatives of 1-Deazapurine (1994)

Abstract 5, 7-Dichloro-3H-imidazo[4, 5-b]pyridine (4) is a versatile base which can be coupled with a variety of sugar moieties and transformed in a series of 7-alkyl(aryl)amino-derivatives by reacting with the corresponding amines. In this paper synthesis, structure elucidation and ADA inhibitory activity of 2′-deoxyribonucleoside derivatives of N6-substituted 1-deazaapurines are described.
Isolation of Fully Human Antagonistic RON Antibodies Showing Efficient Block of Downstream Signaling and Cell Migration (2011)

RON belongs to the c-MET family of receptor tyrosine kinases. As its well-known family member MET, RON and its ligand macrophage-stimulating protein have been implicated in the progression and metastasis of tumors and have been shown to be overexpressed in cancer. We generated and tested a large number of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human RON. Our screening yielded three high-affinity antibodies that efficiently block ligand-dependent intracellular AKT and MAPK signaling. This effect correlates with the strong reduction of ligand-activated migration of T47D breast cancer cell line. By cross-competition experiments, we showed that the antagonistic antibodies fall into three distinct epitope regions of the RON extracellular Sema domain. Notably, no inhibition of tumor growth was observed in different epithelial tumor xenografts in nude mice with any of the antibodies. These results suggest that distinct properties beside ligand antagonism are required for anti-RON mAbs to exert antitumor effects in vivo.
A General Framework for Low-Resolution Receivers for MIMO Channels (2017)

The capacity of a discrete-time multi-input multi-output (MIMO) Gaussian channel with output quantization is investigated for different receiver architectures. A general formulation of this problem is proposed in which the antenna outputs are processed by analog combiners while sign quantizers are used for analog-to-digital conversion. To exemplify this approach, four analog receiver architectures of varying generality and complexity are considered: (a) multiple antenna selection and sign quantization of the antenna outputs, (b) single antenna selection and multilevel quantization, (c) multiple antenna selection and multilevel quantization, and (d) linear combining of the antenna outputs and multilevel quantization. Achievable rates are studied as a function of the number of available sign quantizers and compared among different architectures. In particular, it is shown that architecture (a) is sufficient to attain the optimal high signal-to-noise ratio performance for a MIMO receiver in which the number of antennas is larger than the number of sign quantizers. Numerical evaluations of the average performance are presented for the case in which the channel gains are i.i.d. Gaussian.
Optimizing multi-cell massive MIMO for spectral efficiency: How Many users should be scheduled? (2014)

Massive MIMO is a promising technique to increase the spectral efficiency of cellular networks, by deploying antenna arrays with hundreds or thousands of active elements at the base stations and performing coherent beamforming. A common rule-of-thumb is that these systems should have an order of magnitude more antennas, N, than scheduled users, K, because the users' channels are then likely to be quasi-orthogonal. However, it has not been proved that this rule-of-thumb actually maximizes the spectral efficiency. In this paper, we analyze how the optimal number of scheduled users, K∗, depends on N and other system parameters. The value of K∗ in the large-N regime is derived in closed form, while simulations are used to show what happens at finite N, in different interference scenarios, and for different beamforming.
ME-VAE: Multi-Encoder Variational AutoEncoder for Controlling Multiple Transformational Features in Single Cell Image Analysis (2021)

Abstract Image-based cell phenotyping relies on quantitative measurements as encoded representations of cells; however, defining suitable representations that capture complex imaging features is challenged by the lack of robust methods to segment cells, identify subcellular compartments, and extract relevant features. Variational autoencoder (VAE) approaches produce encouraging results by mapping an image to a representative descriptor, and outperform classical hand-crafted features for morphology, intensity, and texture at differentiating data. Although VAEs show promising results for capturing morphological and organizational features in tissue, single cell image analyses based on VAEs often fail to identify biologically informative features due to uninformative technical variation. Herein, we propose a multi-encoder VAE (ME-VAE) in single cell image analysis using transformed images as a self-supervised signal to extract transform-invariant biologically meaningful features, including emergent features not obvious from prior knowledge. We show that the proposed architecture improves analysis by making distinct cell populations more separable compared to traditional VAEs and intensity measurements by enhancing phenotypic differences between cells and by improving correlations to other analytic modalities.
Role of phonon dispersion in studying phonon mean free paths in skutterudites (2012)

Experimental thermal conductivity of bulk materials are often modeled using Debye approximation together with functional forms of relaxation time with fitting parameters. While such models can fit the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of bulk materials, the Debye approximation leads to large error in the actual phonon mean free path, and consequently, the predictions of the thermal conductivity of the nanostructured materials using the same relaxation time are not correct even after considering additional size effect on the mean free path. We investigate phonon mean free path distribution inside fully unfilled (Co4Sb12) and fully filled (LaFe4Sb12) bulk skutterudites by fitting their thermal conductivity to analytical models which employ different phonon dispersions. We show that theoretical thermal conductivity predictions of the nanostructured samples are in agreement with the experimental data obtained for samples of different grain sizes only when the full phonon dispersion is considered.
Computer-Aided Learning in the Mechanics of Solids and Structures (1984)

BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a well characterized prostate-specific tumor associated antigen. Its expression is elevated in prostate carcinoma, particularly in metastatic and recurrent lesions. These observations suggest that PSMA can be used as immune target to induce tumor cell-specific recognition by the host and, consequently tumor rejection. We utilized a DNA-based vaccine to specifically enhance PSMA expression. An immune modulator, such as CpG oligodeoxynucleotides which promote Th1-type immune responses was combined to increase the efficacy of tumor recognition and elimination. METHODS: A eukaryotic expression plasmid pCDNA3.1-PSMA encoding full-length PSMA was constructed. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with endotoxin-free pCDNA3.1-PSMA alone or in combination with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides by intramuscular injection. After 4 immunizations, PSMA specific antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocyte reactivity were measured. Immunized C57BL/6 mice were also challenged subcutaneously with B16 cells transfected with PSMA to evaluate suppression of tumor growth. RESULTS: Vaccine-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes reactive with B16 cells expressing PSMA could be induced with this treatment schedule. Immune protection was observed in vaccinated mice as indicated by increased tumor growth in the control group (100%) compared with the groups vaccinated with DNA alone (66.7%) or DNA plus CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (50%) respectively. Average tumor volume was smaller in vaccinated groups and tumor-free survival time was prolonged by the vaccination. CONCLUSION: The current findings suggest that specific anti-tumor immune response can be induced by DNA vaccines expressing PSMA. In addition, the suppression of in vivo growth of tumor cells expressing PSMA was augmented by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. This strategy may provide a new venue for the treatment of carcinoma of prostate after failure of standard therapy.
A new static Fourier-transform spectrometer: The first spectra from Synthesis Temporal Aperture Reconstruction spectrometer (2007)

In the framework of spatial aperture synthesis, we developed a temporal aperture synthesis allowing the concatenation of several interferograms. We succeed to enhance the resolving power of static Fourier-transform spectrometers by a factor of 40.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Empowered Cooperative Rate Splitting with User Relaying (2022)

Cooperative rate splitting (CRS), built upon rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) and opportunistic user relaying, has been recognized as a promising transmission strategy to enhance the user fairness and spectral efficiency in multiantenna broadcast channels. To further boost its performance, the interplay of CRS and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is investigated in this work. Specifically, a novel RIS-aided CRS transmission framework is proposed and the corresponding resource allocation problem to maximize the minimum rate among users is investigated. An alternative optimization algorithm is then proposed to optimize the transmit beamforming, common rate allocation, and RIS phases, iteratively. Numerical results show that the proposed RIS-aided CRS transmission framework significantly improves the spectral efficiency compared with its non-cooperative counterpart and other schemes without RIS.
Vacuum ultraviolet laser ablation of insulators and III-V semiconductors (2002)

Current excimer-laser processing techniques can be extended to a broader and more diverse range of materials by moving to the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV; 100-200 nm) spectral region. Most materials are highly opaque in the VUV and the harder photon energy readily breaks chemical bonds, minimizing thermal loading at target surfaces. Further, the short-wavelength radiation affords patterning of sub quarter-micron feature sizes. An experimental survey has been undertaken to evaluate laser etch rates and surface quality produced on several polymer, glass, and semiconductor materials by both ArF and F/sub 2/ excimer lasers, with the hope of defining new processing applications. A summary of this investigation is presented in this paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Agent-Based Abstractions for Software Development (2006)

This chapter provides the historical and conceptual basis needed to fully appreciate the tools and techniques for agent-based software development. It begins with a review of the historical development of software technology from standalone to open systems. It discusses the major challenge of increasing complexity as software systems become larger and more open. The chapter presents the features of the agent metaphor that make it ideally suited for large-scale open systems development as well as the key technical abstractions that emerge from the agents metaphor and their ramifications on software practice.
Two-photon excited fluorescence in the LYB:Eu monoclinic crystal: towards a new scheme of single-beam dual-voxel direct laser writing in crystals (2013)

We report on two-photon excited fluorescence in the oriented Eu(3+)doped LYB monoclinic crystal under femtosecond laser tight focusing. Due to spatial walk-off, the two polarization modes of the incident femtosecond beam simultaneously provide the independent excitation of two distinct focuses, leading to a single-beam dual-voxel nonlinear excitation of fluorescence below material modification threshold. These observations emphasize on the anisotropy of both two-photon absorption as well as fluorescence emission. They demonstrate the localized control of the nonlinear energy deposit, thanks to the adjustment of both the input power and polarization, by properly balancing the injected energy in each voxel. Such approach should be considered for future direct laser writing of waveguides in propagation directions out of the dielectric axes, so as to optimally cope with the highly probable anisotropy of laser-induced material modification thresholds in these crystals. These results open new ways for further potential developments in direct laser writing as the simultaneous inscription of double-line structures for original waveguides processes.