gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Space–Time Coding in the Presence of Spatio-Temporal Correlation (2004)

In this paper, we consider the problem of space-time coding over Rician channels in the presence of spatio-temporal correlation. We derive an upper bound on the pairwise word error probability (PWEP) of space-time codes and use it as a basis for a unified approach to analysis and design of space-time codes over any flat, Rician or Rayleigh, block-fading channel. Based on the statistical properties of a Rician channel, the high-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) behavior of the bound is either exponential or rational. In the former case, design criteria for space-time codes are based on a Euclidean-distance-like measure. However, in the latter case, design criteria are based on a rank criterion together with a coding gain criterion. The analysis of the bound shows that the performance of rank-deficient codes can be highly degraded in the presence of spatio-temporal correlation, but the performance degradation is not severe for full-rank codes. These codes exhibit robustness against the channel correlation profile. Specifically, for channels with a nonsingular covariance matrix, the asymptotic performance of a full-rank code is proportional to its performance in the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) case. In the case that the only constraint on the codewords is a maximum energy constraint, we show that the set of rank-deficient codes forms a proper algebraic subset of measure zero in the affine space of space-time codes. Thus, any randomly selected code is full rank with probability one. Hence, in this case, the main challenge in space-time coding is not maximizing diversity but optimizing coding gain. However, optimizing the coding gain is computationally hard and there exists no satisfactory algorithm to solve this problem in general. On the other hand, when we constrain codewords to be from a finite alphabet or to satisfy particular algebraic structures, e.g., group codes, lattice codes, or coset codes, the problem might be tractable, but rank-deficient codes might be highly probable at high spectral efficiency.
Conversion of Bacteriochlorophyll-A to Bacteriopurpurin-18: A Useful Synthon for the Construction of Bioactive Agents for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) (2007)

Bacteriochlorophyll-a 5 present in Rb. sphaeroides was converted into bacteriopurpurin-18 methyl ester 10 by following three different approaches and was used as a substrate for the preparation of a series of stable bacteriochlorins with long wavelength absorptions ranging from 760 to 824 nm.Bacteriopurpurin p 6 17, obtained by the base hydrolysis of 10, on reacting with L-aspartyl-di-tert-butyl ester in presence of EDCI and DMAP afforded the corresponding N-aspartyl-bacteriopurpurinimide 21 in high yield, possibly by the base-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization via the isoimide intermediate(s) 19 and 20.A possible mechanism for the formation of 10 and bacteriochlorin 15-glyoxilic acid trimethyl ester 8 from 5 via hydroxylactone 11 is also discussed.Among the compounds synthesized, the bacteriochlorin 21 containing a fused cyclic imide ring system was found to be the most stable in various solvents at room temperature and exhibited the longest wavelength absorption at 824 nm in dichloromethane.
Raptor codes for reliable download delivery in wireless broadcast systems (2006)

In this work we address reliablefile delivery over mobile broadcast networks, concentrating on the Raptor codes as specified for Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services (MBMS) within 3GPP. We start by describing Luby-Transform (LT) codes, which are the first practical fountain codes. Then, using a natural and easy to understand linear algebra notation, we describe Raptor codes as a powerful extension of LT codes. We provide some insight into the Raptor code structure and some guidelines for implementation of encoders and decoders. Finally, some selected simulations verify the good performance of file distribution with Raptor codes as specified in 3GPP. References to a complete set of simulation results are also provided. I. INTRODUCTION
Analysis of clinically relevant variants from ancestrally diverse Asian genomes (2022)

Asian populations are under-represented in human genomics research. Here, we characterize clinically significant genetic variation in 9051 genomes representing East Asian, South Asian, and severely under-represented Austronesian-speaking Southeast Asian ancestries. We observe disparate genetic risk burden attributable to ancestry-specific recurrent variants and identify individuals with variants specific to ancestries discordant to their self-reported ethnicity, mostly due to cryptic admixture. About 27% of severe recessive disorder genes with appreciable carrier frequencies in Asians are missed by carrier screening panels, and we estimate 0.5% Asian couples at-risk of having an affected child. Prevalence of medically-actionable variant carriers is 3.4% and a further 1.6% harbour variants with potential for pathogenic classification upon additional clinical/experimental evidence. We profile 23 pharmacogenes with high-confidence gene-drug associations and find 22.4% of Asians at-risk of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tier 1 genetic conditions concurrently harbour pharmacogenetic variants with actionable phenotypes, highlighting the benefits of pre-emptive pharmacogenomics. Our findings illuminate the diversity in genetic disease epidemiology and opportunities for precision medicine for a large, diverse Asian population.
[Postoperative low patella. Treatment by lengthening of the patellar tendon]. (1995)

Patella infera is not a frequent complication of knee surgery. It is important to diagnose it early in order to prevent it. For chronic cases, surgical criteria should be strict: sensation of burning pain, lack of motion, unstable flexed monopodal stance, "sunrise" aspect on axial radiographs and a patellar index < 0.6. Patella infera differs from algodystrophy and re operation by retinacular release is indicated if the delay from previous surgery is < 2 months. In older cases, patellar tendon lengthening should be undertaken.
Beneficial Effects of Resistance Exercise on Glycemic Control Are Not Further Improved by Protein Ingestion (2011)

Prior RE improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity through an increase in the rate at which glucose is disposed from the circulation. However, co-ingesting protein during a high-glucose load does not augment this response at 24 h post-exercise in healthy, insulin-sensitive individuals.
Assessment of wind power, wind exponent, local air density and air turbulence intensity for an isolated site (2009)

This paper presents the assessment of wind power, wind exponent, local air density and air turbulence intensity for an isolated site in Saudi Arabia. Overall average wind speeds of 4.7, 5.4 and 5.7 m/s were recorded at 20, 30 and 40 m above ground level (AGL), respectively. At 40 m AGL, the wind speed was found to be above 5.5 m/s for most of the time except between 2 a.m. and 8 a.m. The wind shear exponent obtained using the entire data set was 0.346 while it was 0.327 and 0.348 for the data sets of 2006 and 2007, respectively. The overall mean turbulence intensity values over the entire period of data collection were 0.173, 0.146 and 0.137 at 20, 30 and 40 m AGL, respectively. The monthly average minimum energy values of 698, 810 and 907 MWh were generated in November while maximum values of 978, 1081 and 1164 MWh were generated in June corresponding to hub heights of 60, 80 and 100 m, respectively.
Messenger RNA Levels in Non-Invasive Samples Can Potentially Stratify Risk of Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients (2013)

Identification of molecular biomarkers in blood and urine samples has the potential to revolutionize post transplantation management. Such biomarkers could help risk stratify patients and reduce the need for invasive testing with biopsies to diagnose acute rejection (AR). Furthermore, changes at molecular level are likely to precede both histological findings and graft dysfunction, allowing earlier […]
Workstation analysis for nuclear design (1985)

This report contains an analysis of workstation needs for code development in the Nuclear Design Program of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The purpose of this analysis was to identify those features of existing workstations that would significantly enhance the effectiveness and productivity of programmers and code developer physicists in their daily interaction with Cray supercomputers located on the Octopus Network at the Laboratory. The analysis took place from March 1985 through June 1985. The analysis report is broken into two parts. Part 1 identifies the end users and their working environment. Definitions are given for terms used throughout the remainder of the report. Part 2 lists the characteristics that an ideal workstation ought to have to be useful for code development in the Nuclear Design Program.
Prediction of early breast cancer patient survival using ensembles of hypoxia signatures (2017)

Abstract Background Biomarkers are a key component of precision medicine. However, full clinical integration of biomarkers has been met with challenges, partly attributed to analytical difficulties. It has been shown that biomarker reproducibility is susceptible to data preprocessing approaches. Here, we systematically evaluated machine-learning ensembles of preprocessing methods as a general strategy to improve biomarker performance for prediction of survival from early breast cancer. Results We risk stratified breast cancer patients into either low-risk or high-risk groups based on four published hypoxia signatures (Buffa, Winter, Hu, and Sorensen), using 24 different preprocessing approaches for microarray normalization. The 24 binary risk profiles determined for each hypoxia signature were combined using a random forest to evaluate the efficacy of a preprocessing ensemble classifier. We demonstrate that the best way of merging preprocessing methods varies from signature to signature, and that there is likely no ‘best’ preprocessing pipeline that is universal across datasets, highlighting the need to evaluate ensembles of preprocessing algorithms. Further, we developed novel signatures for each preprocessing method and the risk classifications from each were incorporated in a meta-random forest model. Interestingly, the classification of these biomarkers and its ensemble show striking consistency, demonstrating that similar intrinsic biological information are being faithfully represented. As such, these classification patterns further confirm that there is a subset of patients whose prognosis is consistently challenging to predict. Conclusions Performance of different prognostic signatures varies with pre-processing method. A simple classifier by unanimous voting of classifications is a reliable way of improving on single preprocessing methods. Future signatures will likely require integration of intrinsic and extrinsic clinico-pathological variables to better predict disease-related outcomes. Abbreviations AUC area under the receiver operating characteristic curve GCRMA GeneChip Robust Multi-array Average HG-U133A Affymetrix Human Genome U133A HG-U133 Plus 2.0 Affymetrix Human Genome Plus 2.0 HR hazard ratio MAS5 MicroArray Suite 5.0 MBEI Model-base Expression Index NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer RF Random forest ROC receiver operator characteristic RMA Robust Multi-array Average
Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2016)

RV dysfunction and PH are highly prevalent and are both associated with poor outcome in patients with HFpEF.
Vector image method for the derivation of elastostatic solutions for point sources in a plane layered medium. Part 1: Derivation and simple examples (1986)

An image method algorithm is presented for the derivation of elastostatic solutions for point sources in bonded halfspaces assuming the infinite space point source is known. Specific cases were worked out and shown to coincide with well known solutions in the literature.
Synthesis and Fundamental Studies of Si-Compatible (Si)GeSn and GeSn Mid-IR Systems with Ultrahigh Sn Contents (2019)

A unique class of crystalline Ge1–ySny alloys with ultrahigh Sn concentrations reaching 33% as well as Si-doped analogues have been synthesized directly on large-area Si wafers by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The band gaps of these materials are measured to be as low as 0.15 eV, which allows them to cover a significant portion of the coveted mid-IR optical range past 8 μm, making them a potential alternative to Hg1–xCdxTe for long-wavelength applications. The film synthesis, based on stoichiometric CVD reactions of polygermanes and stannanes, is carried out at temperatures between 240 and 290 °C, indicating that the alloys are stable at typical device-operating temperatures and at complementary metal oxide semiconductor-compatible conditions. The main difference between Ge1–ySny (y ≈ 0.33) and the more diluted alloys (y < ∼0.2) featured in prior studies is the predicted presence of a significant fraction of Sn–Sn bonds, which could have a profound impact on the structural and electronic properties in view of the large size mismatch between Ge and Sn. However, X-ray measurements of the lattice parameter over the entire 0–33% Sn compositional range show a linear dependence of the cubic lattice parameter consistent with Vegard’s law. Theoretical ab initio simulations assuming random alloys show a monotonic compositional dependence of the alloy energy of formation and confirm the experimental lattice parameter. The crystalline structure and the interface defects that accommodate the large lattice mismatch with the substrate are elucidated using transmission electron microscopy studies. Optical studies indicate that the fundamental direct band gap and other critical point features in the electronic structure also display a smooth compositional dependence, which should facilitate device engineering based on these materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonpeptidal P2 Ligands for HIV Protease Inhibitors: Structure‐Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
RIPENING OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON CARBON NANOTUBES (2007)

An electrostatic-force-directed-assembly technique was used to coat multiwalled carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs) with aerosol Ag nanoparticles produced from a mini-arc plasma source. The deposition of Ag nanoparticles onto CNTs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Ripening of Ag nanoparticles on CNTs was observed via successive TEM imaging after heating the nanoparticle–nanotube hybrid structures in air to three different temperatures ranging from 100°C to 300°C. With temperatures at and above 200°C, the areal density of Ag nanoparticles decreased and the average particle size increased. In particular, migration and coalescence of Ag nanoparticles have been observed at this relatively low temperature, which suggests a van der Waals nanoparticle–nanotube interaction.
Inhibition of Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) by P1‘-Biphenylylethyl Carboxyalkyl Dipeptides (1997)

Carboxyalkyl peptides containing a biphenylylethyl group at the P1' position were found to be potent inhibitors of stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) and gelatinase A (MMP-2), in the range of 10-50 nM, but poor inhibitors of collagenase (MMP-1). Combination of a biphenylylethyl moiety at P1', a tert-butyl group at P2', and a methyl group at P3' produced orally bioavailable inhibitors as measured by an in vivo model of MMP-3 degradation of radiolabeled transferrin in the mouse pleural cavity. The X-ray structure of a complex of a P1-biphenyl inhibitor and the catalytic domain of MMP-3 is described. Inhibitors that contained halogenated biphenylylethyl residues at P1' proved to be superior in terms of enzyme potency and oral activity with 2(R)-[2-(4'-fluoro-4-biphenylyl)ethyl]-4(S)-n-butyl-1,5-pentane dioic acid 1-(alpha(S)-tert-butylglycine methylamide) amide (L-758,354, 26) having a Ki of 10 nM against MMP-3 and an ED50 of 11 mg/kg po in the mouse pleural cavity assay. This compound was evaluated in acute (MMP-3 and IL-1 beta injection in the rabbit) and chronic (rat adjuvant-induced arthritis and mouse collagen-induced arthritis) models of cartilage destruction but showed activity only in the MMP-3 injection model (ED50 = 6 mg/kg iv).
Design of an anamorphic fish-eye lens (1998)

The design of a 90 × 30 degrees FOV anamorphic fisheye lens is presented. The F/4.5 lens maps the FOV on a 60 mm square array detector.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Stereochemistry of Cytoblastin (I). (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Measurement analysis of NLOS indoor MIMO channels (2001)

In this paper, we present results from measurements conducted by the University of Bristol. We study the channel characteristics of Multiple Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) indoor channel at 5.2 GHz. Our investigation shows that the envelope of the channel for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) indoor situations is approximately Rayleigh distributed and consequently we focus on a statistical description of the first and second order moments of the narrowband M/MO channel. Furthermore, it is shown that for NLOS indoor scenarios, the MIMO channel covariance matrix can be well modeled by a Kronecker product of the covariance matrices describing the correlation at the transmitter and the receiver side respectively. A statistical narrowband model for the NLOS indoor MIMO channel based on this covariance structure is presented along with some simulation results
Comparative cost/performance evaluation of digit-serial multipliers for finite fields of type GF(2/sup n/) (2002)

Multiplication in finite fields (Galois fields) is a basic operation for cryptography applications. Recent proposals for elliptic code cryptography, require efficient computation of multiplication in finite fields of type GF(2/sup n/) for large values of n (150, 200 bits). Digit-serial multiplier VLSI architectures are an attractive solution, being a compromise between purely parallel and serial ones. A comparative study of digit-serial multiplier VLSI architectures, for fields of type GF(2/sup n/), is carried out. Such architectures are reviewed, some further optimisations are proposed, and are then implemented in VHDL (CMOS cell library, 0.35 /spl mu/m, by ST Microelectronics). Figures of merit like time latency, silicon area and power consumption are evaluated by simulation with Synopsis tools, varying parameters like the size n of the field elements and the size k of the blocks of bits being processed in parallel by the digit-serial architectures.
American council on ECP (ACE): Why now? (2018)

Stimulated by the scientific progress in deciphering the principal elements contributing to the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP), the American Council on ECP (ACE) was formed, under the auspices of the American Society for Apheresis (ASFA), to develop a field-guiding Consensus Report. ACE is composed of thirty nationally recognized ECP experts, clinically spanning cancer, transplantation, and autoimmunity and scientifically bridging immunology, bioengineering, and hematology. The two-day meeting took place in Manhattan, April 13-14, 2017, and unanimous consensus on nine pivotal points is herein reported. (1) ECP's clinical evolution must now enter a scientifically driven phase. (2) ECP is currently a bidirectional therapy, both immunizing and tolerizing simultaneously, via a single one-size-fits-all inflexible medical device. (3) To preclude inadvertent tolerization in the cancer setting, or immunization in the transplant rejection setting, polarization of ECP to either immunization or tolerization mode to match the clinical need is now possible and necessary. (4) Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a genetically driven cancer, whose response to ECP is due to enhanced anti-cancer immunity. (5) ECP is a dendritic antigen-presenting cell (DC) based therapy. (6) ECP's efficacy can now be tested in a broad array of cancers. (7) ECP's capacity to tolerize to allotransplants via processing of donor leukocytes merits expedited human investigation. (8) UVA-8-MOP-impacted ECP-induced DC are potent antigen-specific tolerizing agents, while UVA-8-MOP(8-Methoxypsoralen)-spared ECP-induced DC are potent antigen-specific immunizing agents. (9) Six pilot clinical trial areas (CTCL, graft-vs.-host disease, ovarian carcinoma, anti-graft cytotoxic antibodies, pemphigus vulgaris, and haplotype mismatched stem cell transplants) are advised. ACE will be an ongoing advisory group for the field, with the goal of overseeing coordinated clinical and fundamental research efforts.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling of CpG Islands in Breast Cancer Identifies Novel Genes Associated with Tumorigenicity (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling of CpG Islands in Breast Cancer Identifies Novel Genes Associated with Tumorigenicity
Influence of impedance contrast on field distribution and tree growth in laminate dielectrics (2014)

The effect of the impedance characteristics of an imbedded barrier and inclusions on tree growth and field distribution characteristics was explored through Monte Carlo and finite element method based simulations. A stochastic tree propagation computer model was developed for the laminate composites that were comprised of a high-permittivity barrier layer imbedded in the low permittivity matrix. The impedance of the high-permittivity barrier was altered by systematically changing the permittivity (εr) of the barrier, resulting in a permittivity contrast ranging from 1 to 100. The model showed that there is a significant change in the various breakdown tree propagation characteristics such as number of breakdown steps, speed and shape with impedance contrast. A compilation of several simulation runs was statistically analyzed for each barrier and the number of breakdown steps increased significantly as the barrier permittivity approached 100. The results of this model can be generalized to impedance contrast between dielectric layers that include complex permittivity.
Proposing Plausible Answers for Open-ended Visual Question Answering (2016)

Answering open-ended questions is an essential capability for any intelligent agent. One of the most interesting recent open-ended question answering challenges is Visual Question Answering (VQA) which attempts to evaluate a system's visual understanding through its answers to natural language questions about images. There exist many approaches to VQA, the majority of which do not exhibit deeper semantic understanding of the candidate answers they produce. We study the importance of generating plausible answers to a given question by introducing the novel task of `Answer Proposal': for a given open-ended question, a system should generate a ranked list of candidate answers informed by the semantics of the question. We experiment with various models including a neural generative model as well as a semantic graph matching one. We provide both intrinsic and extrinsic evaluations for the task of Answer Proposal, showing that our best model learns to propose plausible answers with a high recall and performs competitively with some other solutions to VQA.