gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visceral Adipose Tissue Volume and the Occurrence of Colorectal Adenoma in Follow-up Colonoscopy for Screening and Surveillance (2017)

Whether obesity accelerates adenoma recurrence is not yet clear; therefore, we analyzed the risk factors for adenoma occurrence at follow-up colonoscopy, with a focus on visceral adiposity. In total, 1516 subjects underwent index colonoscopy, computed tomography, and questionnaire assessment from February to May 2008; 539 subjects underwent follow-up colonoscopy at the National Cancer Center at least 6 mo after the index colonoscopy. The relationships between the presence of adenoma at follow-up colonoscopy and anthropometric obesity measurements, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume, were analyzed. 188 (34.9%) had adenomatous polyps at follow-up colonoscopy. Multivariate analysis revealed that VAT volume ≥ 1000 cm<sup>3</sup> and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> were related to the presence of adenoma at follow-up colonoscopy (VAT volume 1000-1500 cm<sup>3</sup>: odds ratio [OR] = 2.13(95% confidence interval, CI = 1.06-4.26), P = 0.034; VAT volume ≥ 1000 cm<sup>3</sup>: OR = 2.24(95% CI = 1.03-4.88), P = 0.043; BMI ≥ 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>: OR = 4.22(95% CI = 1.12-15.93), P = 0.034). In contrast, BMI 25-29.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, SAT volume, and WC were not associated with the presence of adenoma at follow-up colonoscopy. In conclusion, excess VAT can contribute to the development and growth of new colorectal adenomas, and is a better predictor of colorectal adenoma occurrence at follow-up colonoscopy than BMI, WC, and SAT volume.
Conformal leaky-wave antennas for wireless terahertz communications (2023)

Abstract Future generations of wireless systems are expected to combine the use of high-frequency bands (the terahertz range) with smart interconnected devices (the Internet of Things). To realize this ambitious merging, systems will require antennas that can be mounted on nonplanar objects while generating highly directional beams. Here, we study conformal THz leaky-wave antennas at THz frequencies. We find a rich set of behaviors accessible at THz frequencies dictated by the interplay among the geometrical parameters and the wavelength. We develop simple models to describe the relevant physics, which we verify by an experimental implementation. We also demonstrate data transmission using a conformal THz antenna that can generate multiple high-gain beams with low bit error rates for increased coverage of THz wireless links.
Noise and Vibration Prediction and Validation for Off-Highway Vehicle Cab Using Hybrid FE-SEA Methodology (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Operator noise is an important aspect for noise and vibration of off-highway vehicles and a quieter cab is critical for the operator comfort. The noise level inside the cab is influenced by structural and acoustic transfer paths. In this paper, we used hybrid FE-SEA approach to consider both structural and acoustic transfer path as FEM and SEA methods individually face limitations in high and low frequencies respectively. A hybrid FE-SEA cab model was built to predict the structural and acoustic transfer functions. The analysis model was built with the systematic approach validated at each step with the laboratory test results. For the structural transfer function, structural excitations were applied at four cab mount locations and accelerations at various locations on the cab were validated. For the acoustic transfer function, the cab was excited with the volume velocity source inside the cab and sound power output of various panels were calculated and compared to the test results. Good agreement was observed between the simulation and the test results for both structural transfer path and acoustic transfer path.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Type II alveolar cells with constitutive expression of MHCII and limited antigen presentation capacity contribute to improved respiratory viral disease outcomes (2021)

Abstract Type II alveolar cells (AT2s) are critical for basic respiratory homeostasis and tissue repair after lung injury. Prior studies indicate that AT2s also express major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) molecules, but how MHCII expression by AT2s is regulated and how it contributes to host defense remain unclear. Here we show that AT2s express high levels of MHCII independent of conventional inflammatory stimuli, and that selective loss of MHCII from AT2s in mice results in the worsening of respiratory virus disease following influenza and Sendai virus infections. We also find that AT2s exhibit MHCII presentation capacity that is substantially limited in comparison to professional antigen presenting cells. The combination of constitutive MHCII expression and restrained presentation may position AT2s to contribute to lung adaptive immune responses in a measured fashion, without over-amplifying damaging inflammation.
High output power laser transmitter for high-efficiency deep-space optical communications (2019)

We report on the design, development, and testing of the high-power Laser Transmitter Assembly (LTA) supporting the Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) demonstration hosted on the Psyche Discovery class mission, due to launch in 2022. The DSOC project, under development by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, will test space-to-ground high-bandwidth laser communications while en route to the Psyche-16 asteroid in the main asteroid belt, in what will be the longest range high rate optical communications link in history. The LTA is based on a master-oscillator power-amplifier optical architecture, using highly-efficient cladding-pumped amplification. The transmitter is designed to deliver average optical output powers &lt;4 W at 1550 nm for low power consumption data links at &lt;100 Mbps. The output signal operates across multiple pulse-position modulation (PPM) orders and pulse-widths to optimize the space-to-ground link. The architecture is designed for high-reliability and radiation hardness, and features hardware interlocks and secondary signal/pumping paths to reduce single points of failure. We also detail the effective management of optical nonlinearities which could damage the LTA or impact the communications link. These include the suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering, self-phase modulation, and pulseto- pulse energy variation (PEV), which arises from the gain dynamics of the power amplifier, and will manifest when the LTA is configured for large pulse energies and long inter-pulse delays. The LTA also incorporates hardware and software controls to enable autonomous operation, including closed-loop control of intra-stage and output power levels, modulator bias control, and detailed reporting of LTA status through telemetry.
Critical Heat Flux in a Heater Rod Bundle Cooled by R-134a Fluid near the Critical Pressure (2007)

In the development of supercritical pressure water cooled reactors, it is important to understand the characteristics of a heat transfer near the thermodynamic critical point. An experimental study on the critical heat flux near the critical pressure has been performed with a 5 × 5 square array heater rod bundle cooled by R-134a fluid (P c = 4:059MPa, T c = 101°C). The critical power has been accurately measured up to the reduced pressure of 0.99 (4.03 MPa). The critical power decreases sharply at a pressure of about 3.8–3.9 MPa as the pressure approaches the critical pressure. For the low mass fluxes of 50 to 250kg/m2, a sharp decrease in the critical power is not observed near the critical pressure. The CHF phenomenon near the critical pressure no longer leads to an inordinate increase in the heated wall temperature such as the case of DNB at normal pressure conditions. In the pressure region close to the critical pressure, there is a threshold pressure at which the CHF phenomenon disappears. When the pressure exceeds the threshold pressure, the wall temperature increases monotonously without a CHF occurrence according to the power level applied to the heater rods. The threshold pressure moves toward the lower pressure region gradually with an increasing mass flux.
IAN Family Critically Regulates Survival and Development of T Lymphocytes (2006)

The IAN (immune-associated nucleotide-binding protein) family is a family of functionally uncharacterized GTP-binding proteins expressed in vertebrate immune cells and in plant cells during antibacterial responses. Here we show that all eight IAN family genes encoded in a single cluster of mouse genome are predominantly expressed in lymphocytes, and that the expression of IAN1, IAN4, and IAN5 is significantly elevated upon thymic selection of T lymphocytes. Gain-of-function experiments show that the premature overexpression of IAN1 kills immature thymocytes, whereas short hairpin RNA-mediated loss-of-function studies show that IAN4 supports positive selection. The knockdown of IAN5 perturbs the optimal generation of CD4/CD8 double-positive thymocytes and reduces the survival of mature T lymphocytes. We also show evidence suggesting that IAN4 and IAN5 are associated with anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, whereas IAN1 is associated with pro-apoptotic Bax. Thus, the IAN family is a novel family of T cell-receptor-responsive proteins that critically regulate thymic development and survival of T lymphocytes and that potentially exert regulatory functions through the association with Bcl-2 family proteins.
Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (2011)

Several advances in high-detection-efficiency superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) including multi-layer optical structures and multi-element geometries make them uniquely suited to applications in the short-wave infrared.
707: Flank Position is Associated with Higher Skin to Surface Interface Pressures in Men Versus Women: Implications for Laparoscopic Renal Surgery and the Risk of Rhabdomyol YSIS (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster 21, Monday, May 21, 2007, 8:00 - 10:00 am1 Apr 2007707: Flank Position is Associated with Higher Skin to Surface Interface Pressures in Men Versus Women: Implications for Laparoscopic Renal Surgery and the Risk of Rhabdomyol YSIS Leslie A. Deane, Hak J. Lee, Geoffrey N. Box, Jose B.A. Abraham, Corollas S. Abdelshehid, Erick R. Elchico, Reza Alipanah, James F. Borin, Donna J. Jackson, Elspeth M. McDougall, and Ralph V. Clayman Leslie A. DeaneLeslie A. Deane More articles by this author , Hak J. LeeHak J. Lee More articles by this author , Geoffrey N. BoxGeoffrey N. Box More articles by this author , Jose B.A. AbrahamJose B.A. Abraham More articles by this author , Corollas S. AbdelshehidCorollas S. Abdelshehid More articles by this author , Erick R. ElchicoErick R. Elchico More articles by this author , Reza AlipanahReza Alipanah More articles by this author , James F. BorinJames F. Borin More articles by this author , Donna J. JacksonDonna J. Jackson More articles by this author , Elspeth M. McDougallElspeth M. McDougall More articles by this author , and Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30947-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "707: Flank Position is Associated with Higher Skin to Surface Interface Pressures in Men Versus Women: Implications for Laparoscopic Renal Surgery and the Risk of Rhabdomyol YSIS." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 237 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByBorin J (2018) Editorial CommentJournal of Urology, VOL. 180, NO. 5, (1922-1922), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2008. Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 237 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Leslie A. Deane More articles by this author Hak J. Lee More articles by this author Geoffrey N. Box More articles by this author Jose B.A. Abraham More articles by this author Corollas S. Abdelshehid More articles by this author Erick R. Elchico More articles by this author Reza Alipanah More articles by this author James F. Borin More articles by this author Donna J. Jackson More articles by this author Elspeth M. McDougall More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Thermoresponsive Agarose Based Microparticles for Antibody Separation (2015)

We report the development of thermoresponsive 4-mercaptoethylpyridine (MEP)-based chromatographic microsphere based resins for antibody separation that show switchable release abilities by adsorbing immunoglobulins at 40 °C and releasing the proteins at 5 °C. The thermoswitchable release properties were introduced to the porous resins by the grafting of linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) chains synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, which were modified to possess MEP end functionalities. Adsorption of γ-globulins as a model antibody on the shortest PNIPAM-MEP (3 kDa) grafted microparticles display binding capacities of up to 20 g L(-1) at 40 °C and a significant decrease in binding capacity to less than 2.5 g L(-1) at 5 °C. By switching the temperature to 5 °C, the release of bound γ-globulins is shown to be as high as 90%. The effects of polymer chain length on the binding capacity are studied in detail and found to be critical as they influence the density of MEP functionalities on the particle surfaces.
Nicotinic Therapeutics for Tourette Syndrome and Other Neuropsychiatric Disorders (2000)

Despite the evidence dissociating the harmful effects of cigarette smoking from the pharmacological effects of nicotine(1), the potential therapeutic properties of nicotine have often been ignored (2). On the other hand, a large body of empirical evidence from both animal and human studies suggests that research aimed at understanding nicotine pharmacology may be an important area for future drug development (2–5). Nicotine modulates a family of ligand-gated ion channels know as acetylcholinergic nicotinic receptors (nAChRs). Those that bind to nicotine with high affinity and comprise 90% of nAChRs in the brain have been characterized as α4β2 nAChRs, while those with lower affinity to nicotine but higher affinity to the snake toxin, α-bungarotoxin, have been characterized as α7 nAChRs(3). Several pharmaceutical companies are currently developing compounds that have more selective actions at various central nicotinic receptors with better safety profiles than nicotine. Some of these are discussed later in the chapter, but first we will discuss an area of research that may well have been the first systematic attempt to bring nicotine therapeutics from the animal laboratory to the clinic.
Neoadjuvant tamoxifen synchronizes ERα binding and gene expression profiles related to outcome and proliferation (2016)

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancers are frequently treated with tamoxifen, but resistance is common. It remains elusive how tamoxifen resistance occurs and predictive biomarkers for treatment outcome are needed. Because most biomarker discovery studies are performed using pre-treatment surgical resections, the effects of tamoxifen therapy directly on the tumor cell in vivo remain unexamined. In this study, we assessed DNA copy number, gene expression profiles and ERα/chromatin binding landscapes on breast tumor specimens, both before and after neoadjuvant tamoxifen treatment. We observed neoadjuvant tamoxifen treatment synchronized ERα/chromatin interactions and downstream gene expression, indicating that hormonal therapy reduces inter-tumor molecular variability. ERα-synchronized sites are associated with dynamic FOXA1 action at these sites, which is under control of growth factor signaling. Genes associated with tamoxifen-synchronized sites are capable of differentiating patients for tamoxifen benefit. Due to the direct effects of therapeutics on ERα behavior and transcriptional output, our study highlights the added value of biomarker discovery studies after neoadjuvant drug exposure.
A space-time split-step algorithm for pulse propagation in refracting media (1988)

A simple, time-domain split-step algorithm for pulse propagation in a refracting medium is derived from the time-dependent wave equation (TDWE). The derivation is similar in form and spirit to the factored Helmholtz equation methods used in finding generalized parabolic equations. Like the Helmholtz equation analyses, the factored TDWE involves nonlocal pseudodifferential operators and a commutator term. Making use of causality, and considering media in which the index-of-refraction changes only slowly over a typical acoustic wavelength, the commutator term can be neglected and the TDWE reduces to a Schrodinger-like equation in space-time. From here, a variety of methods (for example, phase-space path integrals) can be employed to generate marching algorithms for computing the evolution of an acoustic pulse in a refracting medium. A fast split-step algorithm (of the form FFT/multiply/FFT/multiply/etc.) only results if the operator playing the role of the Hamiltonian in the pulse Schrodinger equation is separable, which is only a good approximation for narrow-band, forward propagation. However, a somewhat slower phase-space algorithm based directly on the phase-space path integral does not suffer any of these limitations. The time-domain split-step algorithm will be compared with other pulse-propagation methods (such as direct Fourier synthesis) and the resulting accuracy and numerical efficiencies discussed.
Discovery of NovelAllosteric Inhibitors of DeoxyhypusineSynthase (2020)

Deoxyhypusine\nsynthase (DHPS) utilizes spermidine and NAD as cofactors\nto incorporate a hypusine modification into the eukaryotic translation\ninitiation factor 5A (eIF5A). Hypusine is essential for eIF5A activation,\nwhich, in turn, plays a key role in regulating protein translation\nof selected mRNA that are associated with the synthesis of oncoproteins,\nthereby enhancing tumor cell proliferation. Therefore, inhibition\nof DHPS is a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer.\nTo discover novel lead compounds that target DHPS, we conducted synthetic\nstudies with a hit obtained via high-throughput screening. Optimization\nof the ring structures of the amide compound (&lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;) led\nto bromobenzothiophene (&lt;b&gt;11g&lt;/b&gt;) with potent inhibitory activity\nagainst DHPS. X-ray crystallographic analysis of &lt;b&gt;11g&lt;/b&gt; complexed\nwith DHPS revealed a dramatic conformational change in DHPS, which\nsuggests the presence of a novel allosteric site. These findings provide\nthe basis for the development of novel therapy distinct from spermidine\nmimetic inhibitors.
Regioselectivity in the Alkaline Thiolate Deprotection of Aryl Methyl Ethers (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselectivity in the Alkaline Thiolate Deprotection of Aryl Methyl EthersJeffrey A. Dodge, Mark G. Stocksdale, Kennan J. Fahey, and C. David JonesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 3, 739–741Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00108a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00108a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2895Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Well-Defined Tower-Shaped 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Adamantanes Incorporating a Macrocyclic Trilactam Ring System (2004)

We describe the synthesis of two novel well-defined tower-shaped 1,3,5-trisubstituted adamantanes 30 and 33 that incorporate a macrocyclic trilactam ring system. Each nanoscale molecule has a broad tripodal base consisting of three identical sulfur-containing termini as the tripod feet, 4-acetylsulfanylmethylphenyl units in the case of 30 and 3,5-bis(acetylsulfanylmethyl)phenyl units in the case of 33. The sulfur atoms are designed to bind the molecules trivalently to the apex of a gold-coated commercial AFM tip through formation of three S-Au bonds. The rigid adamantane-derived head unit with a single hydrogen atom at the apex is designed to scan the sample. Molecules 30 and 33 are synthesized from 1,3,5-triethynyladamantane by a series of Sonogashira coupling reactions involving terminal alkynes and aryl iodides. A macrocyclic trilactam unit is included for added rigidity. We demonstrate that molecule 30 is sufficiently large and rigid to be visualized by a conventional AFM tip. These nanoscale molecules may also find application as chemically well-defined nanoscale objects for calibration of AFM tips.
Combinatorial sythesis of organometallic materials (2023)

Methods and apparatus for the preparation and use of a substrate having an array of diverse materials in predefined regions thereon. A substrate having an array of diverse materials thereon is generally prepared by delivering components of materials to predefined regions on a substrate, and simultaneously reacting the components to form at least two materials. Materials which can be prepared using the methods and apparatus of the present invention include, for example, covalent network solids, ionic solids and molecular solids. More particularly, materials which can be prepared using the methods and apparatus of the present invention include, for example, inorganic materials, intermetallic materials, metal alloys, ceramic materials, organic materials, organometallic materials, non-biological organic polymers, composite materials (e.g., inorganic composites, organic composites, or combinations thereof), etc. Once prepared, these materials can be screened for useful properties including, for example, electrical, thermal, mechanical, morphological, optical, magnetic, chemical, or other properties. Thus, the present invention provides methods for the parallel synthesis and analysis of novel materials having useful properties.
Small cell lung cancer tumors and preclinical models display heterogeneity of neuroendocrine phenotypes (2018)

SCLC tumors and cell lines can exhibit distinct inter-tumor heterogeneity with respect to expression of NE features. Loss of NE expression results in major alterations in morphology, growth characteristics, and molecular properties. These findings have major clinical implications as the two subtypes are predicted to have very different responses to targeted therapies.