gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A NOVEL NMR INSTRUMENT FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL MOISTURE (2013)

We have developed a novel NMR instrument that provides direct measurement and characterization of soil moisture in the shallow subsurface. The quantity and distribution of water in the upper meter of the subsurface is of critical importance for a wide range of geotechnical, agricultural, and environmental applications. Existing technologies for measuring soil moisture are limited. Electrical and electromagnetic methods rely heavily upon uncertain and lithologically-variable rock physics transforms to estimate hydrologic properties. Neutron-based measurements provide more accurate results, but still require calibration, and permitting for radioactive neutron sources is increasingly time- and cost-prohibitive. The advantage of NMR measurements is that they yield direct detection and quantification of water content, and provide further detailed information about the pore space via the NMR relaxation times. The instrument we have developed performs non-invasive measurements in the presence of a static magnetic field gradient. By performing measurements over a range of frequency in the low RF band (40 kHz − 500 kHz), the tool provides profiling capabilities to determine the NMR response at variable depth levels. This design also minimizes diffusion and remnant magnetization artifacts that can otherwise contaminate the NMR measurement and interpretation. The current design has a maximum investigation depth of 30 cm but larger designs may profile to 1 m depth. A CPMG measurement sequence is used to determine the T2 distribution at each depth. An echo-time of 1 ms or less enables detection of very short signals, dominant in the unsaturated zone. Typical point measurements can be acquired in 3 minutes or less. Conventional interpretation of the T2 distribution provides direct quantification of water content, estimation of bound versus mobile water content – and in saturated media, pore size and permeability. It is anticipated that additional geotechnical parameters and agricultural parameters of value may be determined from the measured NMR response. We present the technical aspects of the instrumentation and a collection of field experiments that demonstrate the tool capabilities over a range of environmental conditions.
Supplementary Table S4 from Cancers as Wounds that Do Not Heal: Differences and Similarities between Renal Regeneration/Repair and Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Table S4 from Cancers as Wounds that Do Not Heal: Differences and Similarities between Renal Regeneration/Repair and Renal Cell Carcinoma
Glossary of frequently used and common abbreviations (2020)

Abstract Organic electronics is a platform for very low cost and high performance optoelectronic and electronic devices that cover large areas, are lightweight, and can be both flexible and conformable to irregularly shaped surfaces such as foldable smart phones. Organics are at the core of the global organic light emitting device (OLED) display industry, and also having use in efficient lighting sources, solar cells, and thin film transistors useful in medical and a range of other sensing, memory and logic applications. This book introduces the theoretical foundations and practical realization of devices in organic electronics. It is a product of both one and two semester courses that have been taught over a period of more than two decades. The target audiences are students at all levels of graduate studies, highly motivated senior undergraduates, and practicing engineers and scientists. The book is divided into two sections. Part I, Foundations, lays down the fundamental principles of the field of organic electronics. It is assumed that the reader has an elementary knowledge of quantum mechanics, and electricity and magnetism. Background knowledge of organic chemistry is not required. Part II, Applications, focuses on organic electronic devices. It begins with a discussion of organic thin film deposition and patterning, followed by chapters on organic light emitters, detectors, and thin film transistors. The last chapter describes several devices and phenomena that are not covered in the previous chapters, since they lie outside of the current mainstream of the field, but are nevertheless important.
DISC (Degenerate-disc Infection Study With Contaminant Control) (2015)

4.
Pathophysiology of the Cardiorenal Syndromes: Executive Summary from the Eleventh Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) (2013)

Cardiorenal syndromes (CRS) have been recently classified into five distinct entities, each with different major pathophysiologic mechanisms. CRS type 1 most commonly occurs in the setting of acutely decompensated heart failure where approximately 25% of patients develop a rise in serum creatinine and a reduction of urine output after the first several doses of intravenous diuretics. Altered cardiac and renal hemodynamics are believed to be the most important determinants of CRS type 1. CRS type 2 is the hastened progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the setting of chronic heart failure. Accelerated renal cell apoptosis and replacement fibrosis is considered to be the dominant mechanism. CRS type 3 is acutely decompensated heart failure after acute kidney injury from inflammatory, toxic, or ischemic insults. This syndrome is precipitated by salt and water overload, acute uremic myocyte dysfunction, and neurohormonal dysregulation. CRS type 4 is manifested by the acceleration of the progression of chronic heart failure in the setting of CKD. Cardiac myocyte dysfunction and fibrosis, so-called 'CKD cardiomyopathy', is believed to be the predominant pathophysiologic mechanism. Type 5 CRS is simultaneous acute cardiac and renal injury in the setting of an overwhelming systemic insult such as sepsis. In this scenario, the predominant pathophysiological disturbance is microcirculatory dysfunction as a result of acutely abnormal immune cell signaling, catecholamine cellular toxicity, and enzymatic activation which result in simultaneous organ injury often extending beyond both the heart and the kidneys. This paper will summarize these and other key findings from an international consensus conference on the spectrum of pathophysiologic mechanisms at work in the CRS.
ChemInform Abstract: A FACILE ONE‐POT SYNTHESIS OF 1‐THIACYCLOOCTAN‐5‐ONE 1‐OXIDE (1981)

Abstract Umsetzung von Diallylsulfid (I) mit dem Boran‐Komplex (II) ergibt die im Titel genannte Verbindung (III).
Terra do pecado: o «fator Deus» no primeiro Saramago (2019)

espanolEl pensamiento y las declaraciones publicas de Saramago sobre la cuestion religiosa no desencadenarian tantas reacciones (a favor o en contra) si el autor no hubiese escrito obras mayores como O Evangelho Segundo Jesus Cristo e Caim. Todavia, este tema no surge en este y otros libros de Saramago. En la primera novela del escrito, Terra do Pecado (1947), los problemas de la religion y del mal son ya las grandes motivaciones de toda la narrativa y una ilustracion elocuente de las ideas de Jose Saramago relativas al universo religioso y a la sociedad en general (portuguesa y no solo). Estas cuestiones no aparecen delineadas, ni ampliamente, como la fuera que otros libros le imprimiran, mas la multividencia de Saramago esta ya en este libro muy visible y hasta bien digna de nota, si nos centramos en la juventud del autor, que contaba apenas con veinte y cuatro anos cuando publico el libro. EnglishJose Saramago’s public thinking and statements about religion would not have elicited as many reactions (positive and negative) if he had not written larger works such as The Gospel According to Jesus Christ and Cain. However, this theme does not arise only in these books by Saramago. In the writer’s first novel, Land of Sin (1947), the problems of religion and evil are already the great movers of the whole narrative and an eloquent illustration of Jose Saramago’s ideas regarding the religious universe and society in general (Portuguese and others too). These questions are not outlined with the force here as in his other books, but Saramago’s worldview is already very visible in this book, and also noteworthy, particularly if we remember the author’s youth, who was only twenty-four years old when he published the book. portuguesO pensamento e as declaracoes publicas de Saramago sobre a questao religiosa nao desencadeariam tantas reacoes (a favor ou contra) se o autor nao tivesse escrito obras maiores como O Evangelho Segundo Jesus Cristo e Caim. Todavia, este tema nao surge apenas nestes e noutros livros de Saramago. No primeiro romance do escritor, Terra do Pecado (1947), os problemas da religiao e do mal sao ja as grandes motivacoes de toda a narrativa e uma ilustracao eloquente das ideias de Jose Saramago relativamente ao universo religioso e a sociedade em geral (portuguesa e nao so). Estas questoes nao aparecem delineadas, nem de longe, com a forca que outros livros lhe imprimirao, mas a mundividencia de Saramago e ja neste livro muito visivel e ate bem digna de nota, se nos lembrarmos da juventude do autor, que contava apenas vinte e quatro anos quando publicou o livro.
A Chopper Current-Feedback Instrumentation Amplifier With a 1 mHz <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$1/f$</tex> </formula> Noise Corner and an AC-Coupled Ripple Reduction Loop (2009)

This paper presents a chopper instrumentation amplifier for interfacing precision thermistor bridges. For high CMRR and DC gain, the amplifier employs a three-stage current-feedback topology with nested-Miller compensation. By chopping both the input and intermediate stages of the amplifier, a 1 mHz 1/ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> noise corner was achieved at an input-referred noise power spectral density (PSD) of 15 nV/¿Hz. To reduce chopper ripple, the amplifier employs a continuous-time AC-coupled ripple reduction loop. Due to its continuous-time nature, the loop causes no noise folding to DC and hence offers improved noise performance over auto-zeroed amplifiers. The loop reduces chopper ripple by more than 60 dB, to levels below the amplifier's own input-referred noise. Furthermore, a maximum input referred offset of 5 ¿ V and a CMRR greater than 120 dB were measured at a supply current of 230 ¿A at 5 V.
Graphite fountain: Modeling of growth on transition metals under a thermal gradient (2013)

We show by modeling that it should be possible to synthesize graphite as a continuous growth in solid metal cylinders under a thermal gradient through the interstitial transport and surface segregation of carbon atoms. Finite-difference-approximation-based calculations show that graphite can continuously grow at the cold end of a 1-cm long cobalt cylinder because of the high interstitial diffusivity and the positive heat of transport of carbon atoms in cobalt. The calculated growth rate can be increased to a few tens of micrometers per minute by varying the carbon concentration and the steady-state temperature profile along the length of the cylinder while maintaining a constant temperature of 1273 K at the hot end of the cylinder.
Relevance criteria for e-commerce (2009)

We discuss the concept of relevance criteria in the context of e-Commerce search. A vast body of research literature describes the beyond-topical criteria used to determine the relevance of the document to the need. We argue that in an e-Commerce scenario there are some differences, and novel and different criteria can be used to determine relevance. We experimentally validate this hypothesis by means of Amazon Mechanical Turk using a crowdsourcing approach.
Protein−Protein Interactions in Reversibly Assembled Nanopatterns (2008)

We describe herein a platform to study protein-protein interactions and to form functional protein complexes in nanoscopic surface domains. For this purpose, we employed multivalent chelator (MCh) templates, which were fabricated in a stepwise procedure combining dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) and molecular recognition-directed assembly. First, we demonstrated that an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip inked with an oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) disulfide compound bearing terminal biotin groups can be used to generate biotin patterns on gold achieving line widths below 100 nm, a generic platform for fabrication of functional nanostructures via the highly specific biotin-streptavidin recognition. Subsequently, we converted such biotin/streptavidin patterns into functional MCh patterns for reversible assembly of histidine-tagged (His-tagged) proteins via the attachment of a tris-nitriloacetic acid (trisNTA) biotin derivative. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed reversible immobilization of the receptor subunit ifnar2-His10 and its interaction with interferon-alpha2 labeled with fluorescent quantum dots in a 7 x 7 dot array consisting of trisNTA spots with a diameter of approximately 230 nm. Moreover, we carried out characterization of the specificity, stability, and reversibility as well as quantitative real-time analysis of protein-protein interactions at the fabricated nanopatterns by imaging surface plasmon resonance. Our work offers a route for construction and analysis of functional protein-based nanoarchitectures.
Radioiodine-labeled N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-hydroxy-3-alkyl-5-iodobenzyl]-1,3-propanediamines for brain perfusion imaging (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadioiodine-labeled N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-hydroxy-3-alkyl-5-iodobenzyl]-1,3-propanediamines for brain perfusion imagingKenneth M. Tramposch, Hank F. Kung, and Monte BlauCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1983, 26, 2, 121–125Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00356a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00356a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bright Triplet Emission from Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals (2018)

The emission of fully inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, where X = I,Br,Cl) perovskite-type nanocrystals is tunable over a wide energy range with ultrahigh photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 90%[1] and exhibits narrow emission lines. Due to their facile solution processability and their potential for high-efficiency photovoltaics and light sources they have gained enormous interest. Experiments on single perovskite quantum dots reveal a unique energetic level structure with a lowest bright triplet state[2], thus enabling photon emission rates ~20 and ~1000 times higher compared to any other conventional semiconductor nanocrystals at room and cryogenic temperatures, respectively. We investigate the nature of this exceptionally fast photon emission by temperature dependent quantum yield measurements. Furthermore we discriminate it from composition dependent “A-type” blinking behaviour in intensity-decay time correlation measurements and demonstrate stable, narrowband emission, with suppressed blinking and small spectral diffusion[3] for single CsPbBr2Cl nanocrystals. By means of polarization dependent high resolution spectroscopy, the complex nature of the exciton fine structure splitting and charged exciton emission has been characterized. Based on these measurements, supported by effective-mass models and group theory calculations, we conclude that the triplet exciton state is responsible for the extraordinary photon emission properties of lead halide perovskites. Our results can assist to identify other semiconductors that exhibit bright triplet excitons, with potential implications for improved optoelectronic devices.
Preparation of Multilayers by Alternate Cycles of Chemical Adsorption and Electron Beam Irradiation (1989)

Multilayers of ω-nonadecenyl trichlorosilane (V-NTS) have been prepared on SiO 2 /Al/Si substrates by repeated cycles of chemical adsorption (CA) of V-NTS in solution and activation of terminal double bond by electron beam (EB) irradiation. The terminal double bond facing the outside of a V-NTS monolayer on the substrate reacted to form imino and/or amino groups when the irradiations were carried out in nitrogen atmosphere. This method provides a simple and rapid method of preparing multilayers with fewer defects on a large scale, which is important to the construction of the three-dimensional molecular structure.
Ankle Pathologic Gait Assistance of a Hip Exoskeleton: Simulation and Experiment (2018)

This letter presents a simulation framework for hip assistance in ankle pathologies. We first constructed the neuromuscular walking model, then designed the parameters for assistance torques for stance and swing legs. The parameter values were determined by carrying out dynamic optimizations that takes into account the human-exoskeleton interactive dynamics. The case studies involved abnormal gaits with foot drop, and foot drop and plantarflexion failure. We conducted clinical trials on Charcot–Marie–Tooth patients with various degree of severity using the assistance torque generated by the simulation. We evaluated the gait speed for different gait types with different assistance timings. Our results show that the assistance customization of various gait types is essential for maximizing the assistance effect.
Technology evaluation: StealthVector (HIV) Enzo. (1999)

Efficient inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) replication with intracellularly expressed antiviral genes would be an important step toward clinical gene therapy for HIV-1 disease. Enzo Biochem is investigating and developing antisense genes as a potential gene therapy approach against a variety of conditions including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), cancer and hepatitis. The subsidiary of Enzo Biochem, Enzo Therapeutics, utilized its StealthVector technology and initiated phase I trials in July 1998 [291511,307156]. StealthVector, which is comprised of independent antisense sequences directed against two functional HIV-1 regions, is involved in regulation of gene expression soon after HIV infection, transactivation response (TAR) and tat/rev. StealthVector localizes primarily in the cell nucleus, where it could be most effective in inhibiting viral growth.
A global action agenda for turning the tide on fatty liver disease (2023)

This consensus-driven multidisciplinary fatty liver disease action agenda developed by care providers, clinical researchers, and public health and policy experts provides a path to reduce the prevalence of fatty liver disease and improve health outcomes. To implement this agenda, concerted efforts will be needed at the global, regional, and national levels.
Blood–brain barrier changes and cell invasion differ between therapeutic immune clearance of neurotrophic virus and CNS autoimmunity (2008)

CNS tissues are protected from circulating cells and factors by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a specialization of the neurovasculature. Outcomes of the loss of BBB integrity and cell infiltration into CNS tissues can differ vastly. For example, elevated BBB permeability is closely associated with the development of neurological disease in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) but not during clearance of the attenuated rabies virus CVS-F3 from the CNS tissues. To probe whether differences in the nature of BBB permeability changes may contribute to the pathogenesis of acute neuroinflammatory disease, we compared the characteristics of BBB permeability changes in mice with EAE and in mice clearing CVS-F3. BBB permeability changes are largely restricted to the cerebellum and spinal cord in both models but differ in the extent of leakage of markers of different size and in the nature of cell accumulation in the CNS tissues. The accumulation in the CNS tissues of CD4 T cells expressing mRNAs specific for IFN-gamma and IL-17 is common to both, but iNOS-positive cells invade into the CNS parenchyma only in EAE. Mice that have been immunized with myelin basic protein (MBP) and infected exhibit the features of EAE. Treatment with the peroxynitrite-dependent radical scavenger urate inhibits the invasion of iNOS-positive cells into the CNS tissues and the development of clinical signs of EAE without preventing the loss of BBB integrity in immunized/infected animals. These findings indicate that BBB permeability changes can occur in the absence of neuropathology provided that cell invasion is restricted.
Use of Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Survival (2016)

Data was collected from Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, with baseline examinations between 1991 and 1996. Out of 17035 women who completed all study parts, 765 women with incident breast cancer were included in this study. Kaplan Meier and Cox Proportional Hazards analyses, with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were used to study OC in relation to breast cancer-specific and overall survival. All analyses were stratified on age at diagnosis.
Opportunities and challenges of a 1200 V IGBT for 5 V gate voltage operation (2020)

This work presents a novel scaling approach for IGBTs which applies constant electric-field scaling while keeping the short-circuit current density, the on-state charge carrier distribution and the external parasitics unchanged. A state-of-the-art 1200 V MPT (micro-pattern trench) IGBT [1] and a scaled variant operated at 5 V gate supply voltage, obtained by applying the proposed scaling principle, are compared with respect to on-state voltage, switch-off/switch-on tradeoffs and sensitivity to parasitic turn-on.
Concurrent data transmissions in green wireless networks: When best send one's packets? (2012)

In this paper, we consider the scenario of a cellular network where base stations aim to transmit several data packets to a set of users in the downlink, within a predefined time, at minimal energy cost. The base stations are non-cooperating and the instantaneous transmission rate depends on the instantaneous SINR at the receiver. The purpose of this article is to highlight a power-efficient transmit policy. By assuming a large number of homogeneous users, we model the problem as a mean field game, with tractable equations, that allow us to bypass the complexity of analyzing a Nash equilibrium in a L-body dynamic game. The framework we propose yields a consistent analysis of the optimal transmit power strategy, that allows every base station to, selfishly but rationally, satisfy its transmission, at a minimal energy cost.