gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diénamines hétérocycliques. III. Réexamen de la réaction de la base de Fischer avec le tétracyanoéthylène (1977)

Heterocyclic dienamines III. A re‐examination of the reaction of Fischer 's base on tetracyanoethylene Depending on the order of addition, Fischer 's base 5 (1,3,3‐trimethyl‐2‐methylidene‐indoline) reacts 1:1 with tetracyanoethylene to give either the tricyanovinylation product 6 or the spiro compound 7 . A skeletal rearrangement of a zwitterionic intermediate can explain the formation of the spiro compound. The latter undergoes a thermal isomerization yielding by ring expansion the tetrahydroquinoléine 8 . On reaction with LiAlH 4 or CH 3 ONa 7 and 8 lead both to triazatetracycles. All structures are assigned on the basis of spectral data.
Back to Finger-Writing: Fingertip Writing Technology Based on Pressure Sensing (2020)

Handwriting was since the start of the history, a higher expression of human skills, and was used for documentation of experiences, and for communication. Existing writing technology require a writing tool, like a pen, and a dedicated writing surface, like paper, or more recently an electronic tablet. These accessories of writing, of writing tool and service, are not available in many daily life situations. Furthermore, the writing accessories, are not natural, in many cases are not ergonomic, and thus can cause fatigue, and in extreme cases contribute to muscular and neurological diseases. In this work, we suggest to step back in history and step forward in technology, and to create, for the first time, an alternate writing solution without any accessories, using one own finger as writing tool, and write on almost any surface. For this, we used directional pressure sensors attached to the fingernail. Changes in the pressure induced on the fingertip in different directions while writing, are projected to the fingernail, and then assessed as a voltage pattern by the sensor. Decoding the pattern, can reveal symbols like letters, punctuations, and writing commands. In this paper, we describe the new pressure sensing modality and tailor processing methods. We tested the new technology on two subjects having different writing patterns while writing alphabet and sentences on different surfaces. We reached letter detection of over 80% while writing on a table, and the word detection rate, was near 70%, after applying the correction algorithm include language priors. The results of this work can revolutionize the way people write and communicate using more convenient, and more approachable, finger-tip writing.
A 0.2V 492nW VCO-based OTA with 60kHz UGB and 207 μVrms noise (2017)

This paper presents a 0.2V VCO-based OTA (VCO-OTA) for low-voltage, low-power applications. The VCO-OTA processes information in the time domain, which makes it possible to scale down supply to really low voltages. The proposed architecture eliminates current sources used in the charge pump to design a 0.2V VCO-OTA. Simulations show that in unity gain configuration, the proposed architecture achieves 60kHz unity gain bandwidth and 207μVRMs input referred noise while consuming 492nW.
Silicon Carbide Power Electronics for High-Temperature Power Conversion and Solid-State Circuit Protection in Aircraft Applications (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The SiC Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) technology has continued to mature, allowing for a wider range of product offerings that are expected to play an important role in the future aerospace and hybrid vehicle system designs. This paper will give an overview of vertical trench SiC JFET technology detailing the high-temperature dc characteristics of the discrete devices also show power module switching behavior up to 100A. Additional characterization of the all-SiC power modules used as solid-state circuit breakers will be given.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Cesium hafnium chloride: A high light yield, non-hygroscopic cubic crystal scintillator for gamma spectroscopy (2015)

We report on the scintillation properties of Cs2HfCl6 (cesium hafnium chloride or CHC) as an example of a little-known class of non-hygroscopic compounds having the generic cubic crystal structure of K2PtCl6. The crystals are easily growable from the melt using the Bridgman method with minimal precursor treatments or purification. CHC scintillation is centered at 400 nm, with a principal decay time of 4.37 μs and a light yield of up to 54 000 photons/MeV when measured using a silicon CCD photodetector. The light yield is the highest ever reported for an undoped crystal, and CHC also exhibits excellent light yield nonproportionality. These desirable properties allowed us to build and test CHC gamma-ray spectrometers providing energy resolution of 3.3% at 662 keV.
Chapter 7. Standard Biological and in vivo Methods (2017)

MRI contrast agent development requires knowledge of organic and inorganic chemistry to produce probes of high signal-generating capability. However, chemistry alone is insufficient to create the most effective and safest agents, and many promising candidates show properties in test tubes that never translate to in vivo applications. The effective development of contrast agents requires study and keen understanding of their effects on biological targets, including targeted cells or biomarkers, and bystander cells, such as in the clearance pathways. This chapter further details the importance of in vitro profiles of contrast agents for optimization of biotolerance and image-enhancement capabilities that are needed before in vivo investigations are performed. In this chapter, a number of in vitro assessments of MRI contrast agent behavior for cytotoxicity, cell binding, and cell uptake are discussed. This is followed by a description of distribution, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics, which are critical to interpreting in vivo imaging studies. Finally, practical aspects of contrast-enhanced preclinical MRI with regard to molecular probes and imaging are considered.
Formation and electrical transport properties of pentacene nanorod crystal (2010)

The monophasic formation of an uncharted pentacene crystal, the pentacene nanorod, has been investigated. The restricted formation of the pentacene nanorod on a bare mica surface reveals a peculiar surface catalytic crystal growth mode of the pentacene. We demonstrated the charge transport measurements through a single pentacene nanorod and analyzed the data using a periodic hopping conduction model. The results revealed that the pentacene nanorod has a periodic conductive node within their one-dimensional crystal.
Pattern formation due to interballoon spatial mode coupling (1997)

We analyze new types of transverse interactions in nonlinear-optical systems with a Kerr slice and diffractive feedback. Results demonstrate that interactions between the most unstable modes that have wave vectors belonging to different mode instability bands (interballoon interactions) cause the formation of new types of patterns. Mode amplitude equations for these patterns that account for interactions between these patterns are obtained. Analysis of amplitude equations is confirmed by numerical simulation.
Wigner-based formulation of the chirplet transform (1996)

Using the Wigner distribution, we derive and analyze a matrix formulation for the chirplet transform, a signal analysis tool that generalizes the wavelet and short-time Fourier transforms. The formulation expresses the translations, scalings, and shears of the chirplet transform in terms of affine matrix transformations on the time-frequency plane. Our approach leads naturally to several new signal transforms, which we derive, analyze, and extend.
The Anticancer Drug Bleomycin Shows Potent Antifungal Activity by Altering Phospholipid Biosynthesis (2022)

Invasive fungal infections are difficult to treat with limited drug options, mainly because fungi are eukaryotes and share many cellular mechanisms with the human host. Most current antifungal drugs are either fungistatic or highly toxic. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify important fungal specific drug targets for novel antifungal development. Numerous studies have shown the fungal phosphatidylserine (PS) biosynthetic pathway to be a potential target. It is synthesized from CDP-diacylglycerol and serine, and the fungal PS synthesis route is different from that in mammalian cells, in which preexisting phospholipids are utilized to produce PS in a base-exchange reaction. In this study, we utilized a Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterologous expression system to screen for inhibitors of Cryptococcus PS synthase Cho1, a fungi-specific enzyme essential for cell viability. We identified an anticancer compound, bleomycin, as a positive candidate that showed a phospholipid-dependent antifungal effect. Its inhibition on fungal growth can be restored by ethanolamine supplementation. Further exploration of the mechanism of action showed that bleomycin treatment damaged the mitochondrial membrane in yeast cells, leading to increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas supplementation with ethanolamine helped to rescue bleomycin-induced damage. Our results indicate that bleomycin does not specifically inhibit the PS synthase enzyme; however, it may affect phospholipid biosynthesis through disruption of mitochondrial function, namely, the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), which helps cells maintain membrane composition and functionality. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Invasive fungal pathogens cause significant morbidity and mortality, with over 1.5 million deaths annually. Because fungi are eukaryotes that share much of their cellular machinery with the host, our armamentarium of antifungal drugs is highly limited, with only three classes of antifungal drugs available. Drug toxicity and emerging resistance have limited their use. Hence, targeting fungi-specific enzymes that are important for fungal survival, growth, or virulence poses a strategy for novel antifungal development. In this study, we developed a heterologous expression system to screen for chemical compounds with activity against Cryptococcus phosphatidylserine synthase, Cho1, a fungi-specific enzyme that is essential for viability in C. neoformans. We confirmed the feasibility of this screen method and identified a previously unexplored role of the anticancer compound bleomycin in disrupting mitochondrial function and inhibiting phospholipid synthesis.
Agreement Between 24-Hour Salt Ingestion and Sodium Excretion in a Controlled Environment (2015)

Accurately collected 24-hour urine collections are presumed to be valid for estimating salt intake in individuals. We performed 2 independent ultralong-term salt balance studies lasting 105 (4 men) and 205 (6 men) days in 10 men simulating a flight to Mars. We controlled dietary intake of all constituents for months at salt intakes of 12, 9, and 6 g/d and collected all urine. The subjects' daily menus consisted of 27 279 individual servings, of which 83.0% were completely consumed, 16.5% completely rejected, and 0.5% incompletely consumed. Urinary recovery of dietary salt was 92% of recorded intake, indicating long-term steady-state sodium balance in both studies. Even at fixed salt intake, 24-hour urine collection for sodium excretion (UNaV) showed infradian rhythmicity. We defined a ±25 mmol deviation from the average difference between recorded sodium intake and UNaV as the prediction interval to accurately classify a 3-g difference in salt intake. Because of the biological variability in UNaV, only every other daily urine sample correctly classified a 3-g difference in salt intake (49%). By increasing the observations to 3 consecutive 24-hour collections and sodium intakes, classification accuracy improved to 75%. Collecting seven 24-hour urines and sodium intake samples improved classification accuracy to 92%. We conclude that single 24-hour urine collections at intakes ranging from 6 to 12 g salt per day were not suitable to detect a 3-g difference in individual salt intake. Repeated measurements of 24-hour UNaV improve precision. This knowledge could be relevant to patient care and the conduct of intervention trials.
Pre-Salt Carbonate Reservoir Analog Selection for Stimulation Optimization (2014)

Abstract Hydrocarbon production optimization in Pre-Salt carbonate reservoirs is a main focus for oil and gas research in Brazil. Stimulation treatment design optimization requires good knowledge of the reservoir properties and excellent understanding of the interaction between rock formation and treating fluid. This paper investigates these interactions through laboratory tests determining the compatibility of fluids used in matrix stimulation with different Pre-Salt carbonate rock types. The objective of this work is to relate the geology, petrophysics, and geomechanics of the Pre-Salt reservoirs to their expected stimulation response. Because of the difficulty in obtaining downhole cores and the destructive nature of most tests, the study focused on samples collected from a Pre-Salt carbonate analog: the Coquinas formation (Schafer 1973) from the Sao Miguel quarry, northeast Brazil (Chagas de Azambuja Filho et al. 1998). A thorough geology-based study of the Coquinas formation, including routine core analysis (FZI) microtomography, and thin section study was conducted. Usually these grain-supported carbonates show different amounts and types of primary porosity, closed and reopened by multiple diagenetic phases. Throughout the 25-m thick Coquinas reservoir, five rock types in 13 layers with permeability ranging from microdarcy to almost 1 darcy were identified. All rock types were subjected to routine mineralogy evaluation and various petrophysical, geomechanical, and spectroscopic measurements. Six of the thirteen layers were selected to perform core flow tests with a viscoelastic surfactant technology based diverting acid fluid (Al-Mutawa et al. 2005; Chang et al. 2001; Samuel et al. 1997). This is the first extensive study reporting the efficiency of a viscoelastic diverting acid system in the Pre-Salt analogue Coquinas carbonate formation outcrop cores. Spectroscopic measurement showed wormhole creation and, in some cases, rock texture alteration or fine migration. Through the study we identified the flow units and characterized the rock behavior when chemically stimulated. The conclusions from this study will enable us to tailor and optimize stimulation treatments of Pre-Salt carbonate reservoirs. Introduction The offshore Pre-Salt in Brazil comprises a group of recently discovered fields with promising oil reserves in the Coquinas formation or the above the microbialites section. For example, Lula (ex-Tupi) field, the lead field of the Santos cluster, is believed to hold between 5 to 8 billions barrels of oil equivalent (Beltrao et al. 2009). The Pre-Salt reservoirs are currently the focus of research in Brazil; however, the scarceness of downhole samples collected makes destructive tests very difficult to perform, and so analysis must be performed on analogues. The onshore Coquinas formation from northeast Brazil is taken here as analogue of the Pre-Salt carbonates.
Sound synchronization and motion compensated reconstruction for speech Cine MRI (2015)

Dynamic imaging of the vocal tact is important for modeling speech
through the acoustic-articulatory relation. The average duration of each sound is
about 80ms. Movements of each articulator, in particular the tongue, should be
captured with sufficient precision. Current clinical techniques use X-ray video
fluoroscopy which involves ionizing radiation. Real-time MRI allows direct recording
of speech motion [1] but is intrinsically limited in terms of resolution and SNR.
Synchronization of MRI with an acoustic device is possible [2] but requires motion of
vocal system to be highly reproducible. In this work we propose an optimized setup
for achieving dynamic MRI of speech with high spatial and temporal resolution based
on a combination of: an MR-compatible acoustic device allowing simultaneous
recording of speech during MRI; and a retrospectively gated, motion-compensated
image reconstruction that can deal with the variability of the subject repeating the
same sentence over the acquisition.
Phasic and Tonic Patterns of Locus Coeruleus Output Differentially Modulate Sensory Network Function in the Awake Rat (2010)

Neurons of the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) discharge with phasic bursts of activity superimposed on highly regular tonic discharge rates. Phasic bursts are elicited by bottom-up input mechanisms involving novel/salient sensory stimuli and top-down decision making processes; whereas tonic rates largely fluctuate according to arousal levels and behavioral states. Although it is generally believed that these two modes of activity differentially modulate information processing in LC targets, the unique role of phasic versus tonic LC output on signal processing in cells, circuits, and neural networks of waking animals is not well understood. In the current study, simultaneous recordings of individual neurons within ventral posterior medial thalamus and barrel field cortex of conscious rats provided evidence that each mode of LC output produces a unique modulatory impact on single neuron responsiveness to sensory-driven synaptic input and representations of sensory information across ensembles of simultaneously recorded cells. Each mode of LC activation specifically modulated the relationship between sensory-stimulus intensity and the subsequent responses of individual neurons and neural ensembles. Overall these results indicate that phasic versus tonic modes of LC discharge exert fundamentally different modulatory effects on target neuronal circuits within the rodent trigeminal somatosensory system. As such, each mode of LC output may differentially influence signal processing as a means of optimizing behaviorally relevant neural computations within this sensory network. Likely the ability of the LC system to differentially regulate neural responses and local circuit operations according to behavioral demands extends to other brain regions including those involved in higher cognitive functions.
Supplemental figure 5 from Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Genetically Engineered with an Inducible Gene Encoding Interleukin-12 for the Immunotherapy of Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental figure 5. Treg reconstitution. Shown are the percentages of circulating T cells with a phenotype consistent with a Treg cell (CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+). Data from parallel TIL trial using TIL administration but without exogenous IL2 support (TIL No IL2) and TIL engineered with the NFAT.IL2 vector (TIL IL12).&lt;/p&gt;
10 GHz-spaced, 20 THz-wide comb generation from CW light using Mach-Zehnder modulator based comb generator and dispersion-flattened dispersion-decreasing fiber (2009)

Optical comb generation is important for coherent WDM or OFDM systems that extremely improve spectral efficient of WDM systems. Mode-locked lasers are typically used for supercontinuum generation. However, the mode-locked lasers have some drawbacks in stability and tunability. A Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) based comb/pulse generator is good candidate for a comb source with high stability and high accuracy [1,2]. This system has tunability in both the spacing and wavelength, and can operate with alignment-free and turn-key starting. Although obtainable bandwidth of the comb signal is typically several hundred gigahertz, it can be broadened into the order of terahertz by using nonlinear fibers. In this paper, we report on broadband optical comb generation from a CW light using the MZM-based flat comb generator (MZ-FCG) and a dispersion-flattened dispersion decreasing fiber (DF-DDF).
Transduction between electrical energy and the heat in a carbon nanotube using a voltage-controlled doping (2016)

High electric conductivity ~100 MegaSiemens/m and Seebeck coefficient &gt;200 mkV/K of carbon nanotubes (CNT) make them attractive for a variety of applications. Unfortunately, a high thermal conductivity ~ 3000 W/(m*K) due to the phonon transport limits their capability for transforming energy between the heat and electricity. Here we show that increasing the charge carrier concentrations not only leads to an increase of both electric conductivity and Seebeck coeffcient, but also causes a substantial suppression of the thermal conductivity due to intensifying the phonon-electron collisions. A strong transduction effect corresponding to an effective electron temperature change ~115 K was observed in a CNT device, where the local gate electrodes have controlled the charge doping in the opposite ends. Transduction between the heat and the energy of the electron subsystem corresponds to an impressive figure of merit cold ZT ~ 6 and the transduced power density P ~ 80kW/cm2.
Adiponectin accumulates in myocardial tissue that has been damaged by ischemia-reperfusion injury via leakage from the vascular compartment (2007)

These data show that adiponectin accumulates in the heart following ischemic damage primarily through leakage from the vascular compartment, and that adiponectin has a longer half-life in damaged heart tissue than in plasma.
The Effects of Prosthesis Inertial Properties on Prosthetic Knee Moment and Hip Energetics Required to Achieve Able-Bodied Kinematics (2015)

There is a major need in the developing world for a low-cost prosthetic knee that enables users to walk with able-bodied kinematics and low energy expenditure. To efficiently design such a knee, the relationship between the inertial properties of a prosthetic leg and joint kinetics and energetics must be determined. In this paper, using inverse dynamics, the theoretical effects of varying the inertial properties of an above-knee prosthesis on the prosthetic knee moment, hip power, and absolute hip work required for walking with able-bodied kinematics were quantified. The effects of independently varying mass and moment of inertia of the prosthesis, as well as independently varying the masses of each prosthesis segment, were also compared. Decreasing prosthesis mass to 25% of physiological leg mass increased peak late-stance knee moment by 43% and decreased peak swing knee moment by 76%. In addition, it reduced peak stance hip power by 26%, average swing hip power by 76%, and absolute hip work by 22%. Decreasing upper leg mass to 25% of its physiological value reduced absolute hip work by just 2%, whereas decreasing lower leg and foot mass reduced work by up to 22%, with foot mass having the greater effect. Results are reported in the form of parametric illustrations that can be utilized by researchers, designers, and prosthetists. The methods and outcomes presented have the potential to improve prosthetic knee component selection, facilitate able-bodied kinematics, and reduce energy expenditure for users of low-cost, passive knees in developing countries, as well as for users of advanced active knees in developed countries.
Sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome (2014)

Centre for Research on Chronic Pain and Inflammatory Diseases, and the School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia *Tel.: +61 893602415; Fax: +61 893606492. E-mail: [email protected] Submitted August 29, 2014; accepted September 3, 2014.