gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-Wide Temperature Range (-30~70 oC) Operation of Athermal AWG Module Using Pure Aluminum Plate (2006)

We have elucidated an origin of a temperature dependence of a center wavelength in an athermal AWG and demonstrated an ultra-wide temperature range (-30~70 oC) operation using a pure aluminum plate for the first time.
Reprogramming the adjuvant properties of aluminum oxyhydroxide with nanoparticle technology (2018)

Aluminum salts, developed almost a century ago, remain the most commonly used adjuvant for licensed human vaccines. Compared to more recently developed vaccine adjuvants, aluminum adjuvants such as Alhydrogel are heterogeneous in nature, consisting of 1-10 micrometer-sized aggregates of nanoparticle aluminum oxyhydroxide fibers. To determine whether the particle size and aggregated state of aluminum oxyhydroxide affects its adjuvant activity, we developed a scalable, top-down process to produce stable nanoparticles (nanoalum) from the clinical adjuvant Alhydrogel by including poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) polymer as a stabilizing agent. Surprisingly, the PAA:nanoalum adjuvant elicited a robust TH1 immune response characterized by antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells expressing IFN-γ and TNF, as well as high IgG2 titers, whereas the parent Alhydrogel and PAA elicited modest TH2 immunity characterized by IgG1 antibodies. ASC, NLRP3 and the IL-18R were all essential for TH1 induction, indicating an essential role of the inflammasome in this adjuvant's activity. Compared to microparticle Alhydrogel this nanoalum adjuvant provided superior immunogenicity and increased protective efficacy against lethal influenza challenge. Therefore PAA:nanoalum represents a new class of alum adjuvant that preferentially enhances TH1 immunity to vaccine antigens. This adjuvant may be widely beneficial to vaccines for which TH1 immunity is important, including tuberculosis, pertussis, and malaria.
Milliwatt-level fiber-coupled laser power from photonic crystal band-edge laser (2011)

We report unprecedentedly high output powers measured from large area two-dimensional square-lattice photonic-crystal band-edge lasers (BELs), patterned by holographic lithography. In order to ensure mechanical rigidity, the BELs were fabricated in an InP-based epilayer bonded onto a fused silica substrate beforehand. The BEL devices, employing the surface-emitting Γ-point monopole band-edge mode, provide a fiber-coupled single mode output power as high as 2.6 mW and an external differential quantum efficiency of ~4%. The results of a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulation agree with the experimental observation that the large BELs are beneficial for achieving both high power output and high differential quantum efficiency.
A dual drug regimen synergistically blocks human parainfluenza virus infection (2016)

Human parainfluenza type-3 virus (hPIV-3) is one of the principal aetiological agents of acute respiratory illness in infants worldwide and also shows high disease severity in the elderly and immunocompromised, but neither therapies nor vaccines are available to treat or prevent infection, respectively. Using a multidisciplinary approach we report herein that the approved drug suramin acts as a non-competitive in vitro inhibitor of the hPIV-3 haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN). Furthermore, the drug inhibits viral replication in mammalian epithelial cells with an IC50 of 30 μM, when applied post-adsorption. Significantly, we show in cell-based drug-combination studies using virus infection blockade assays, that suramin acts synergistically with the anti-influenza virus drug zanamivir. Our data suggests that lower concentrations of both drugs can be used to yield high levels of inhibition. Finally, using NMR spectroscopy and in silico docking simulations we confirmed that suramin binds HN simultaneously with zanamivir. This binding event occurs most likely in the vicinity of the protein primary binding site, resulting in an enhancement of the inhibitory potential of the N-acetylneuraminic acid-based inhibitor. This study offers a potentially exciting avenue for the treatment of parainfluenza infection by a combinatorial repurposing approach of well-established approved drugs.
Physical Models of Planar Spiral Inductor Integrated on the High-Resistivity and Trap-Rich Silicon-on-Insulator Substrates (2017)

High-resistivity(HR) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates provide low substrate loss, so planar spiral inductors integrated on them presenting higher quality factor ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) than those on traditional Si substrates. However, the parasitic surface conduction (PSC) effect in the SOI substrate constitutes a conductive layer underneath the buried oxide layer, which deteriorates the inductors performance. This effect can be effectively eliminated by introducing a trap-rich layer. In this paper, physical models that can accurately characterize the behavior of inductors integrated on the HR and radio frequency enhanced signal integrity (RFeSI) SOI substrates are presented, and the analysis and evaluation of PSC effect on the performance of inductors, i.e., the inductance, the quality factor, the self-resonant frequency, and the frequency, where <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> peaks, are shown. Planar spiral inductors integrated on HR and RFeSI SOI substrates are fabricated and measured, validating the feasibility of the models we use. The experiment results show that the value of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the frequency where it peaks can be improved significantly by eliminating the PSC effect. The temperature effects are also explored, showing that the PSC effect gets worse with raising temperature and accelerates the degradation rate of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> .
A Unified Resource for Tracking Anti-CRISPR Names (2018)

In the battle between CRISPR-Cas* prokaryotic immune systems and the elements that they target, a diverse array of “anti-CRISPR” proteins have evolved. These proteins appear to have arisen independently multiple times in evolution and function through diverse mechanisms to inhibit CRISPR-Cas immunity. For comprehensive reviews on anti-CRISPRs, we direct readers to recent publications.
Technical Note: Deriving ventilation imaging from 4DCT by deep convolutional neural network (2019)

The results demonstrate that deep CNN can generate ventilation imaging from 4DCT without explicit deformable image registration, reducing the associated uncertainty.
High resolution and fast throughput-time X-ray computed tomography for semiconductor packaging applications (2014)

The recent applications of 3D X-ray computed tomography (CT) in microelectronic packages, including nondestructive failure analysis, defect monitoring in solder joints and Cu vias, and progressive reliability study of solder voids, electron migration induced void nucleation in solder joints, and void evolution in Cu vias are reviewed. The high resolution and non-destructive 3D X-ray CT data has proven to be highly valuable in package assembly process development, quality control and reliability risk assessment; however, the field of view of current lab-scale 3D X-ray CT technology is limited to about 1-2mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> localized area at micron level resolution, due to its low brightness and nonparallel X-ray beam resulting in long data acquisition time. Synchrotron X-ray sources, on the other hand, can provide large area collimated beams with high brightness, which allows imaging within 3-20 minutes an entire 3D package, including Si, underfill, multiple levels of solder joints, and dielectric layers, Cu vias as well as through holes in multiple substrates. The limitation of current 3D X-ray CT techniques as well as directions for next generation 3D X-ray CT techniques provided by the synchrotron X-ray study of 3D packages are discussed in this paper.
Characterization of H7N9 avian influenza viruses isolated from duck meat products (2019)

Avian influenza H7N9 viruses have caused five epidemic waves of human infections since the first human cases were reported in 2013. In 2016, the initial low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H7N9 viruses became highly pathogenic, acquiring multi-basic amino acids at the haemagglutinin cleavage site. These highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N9 viruses have been detected in poultry and humans in China, causing concerns of a serious threat to global public health. In Japan, both HPAI and LPAI H7N9 viruses were isolated from duck meat products carried illegally and relinquished voluntarily at the border by passengers on flights from China to Japan between 2016 and 2017. Some of the LPAI and HPAI H7N9 viruses detected at the border in Japan were characterized previously in chickens and ducks; however, their pathogenicity and replicative ability in mammals remain unknown. In this study, we assessed the biological features of two HPAI H7N9 virus isolates [A/duck/Japan/AQ-HE29-22/2017 (HE29-22) and A/duck/Japan/AQ-HE29-52/2017 (HE29-52); both of these viruses were isolated from duck meat at the border)] and an LPAI H7N9 virus isolate [A/duck/Japan/AQ-HE28-3/2016 (HE28-3)] in mice and ferrets. In mice, HE29-52 was more pathogenic than HE29-22 and HE28-3. In ferrets, the two HPAI virus isolates replicated more efficiently in the lower respiratory tract of the animals than did the LPAI virus isolate. Our results indicate that HPAI H7N9 viruses with the potential to cause severe diseases in mammals have been illegally introduced to Japan.
Gastrointestinal Consequences of Left Ventricular Assist Device Placement (1996)

Left ventricular assist devices effectively improve hemodynamic function and reverse renal and hepatic dysfunction; however, their effects upon the gastrointestinal (GI) system have not been addressed. We evaluated GI function in 27 left ventricular assist device recipients using interviews, GI contrast studies, endoscopy, and 99mTc sulfur colloid studies of esophageal transit and gastric emptying. While on left ventricular assist device support (mean duration of 84 days), 19 patients reported early satiety and/or nausea, and 1 was unable to tolerate oral intake. Esophageal transit time (normal, <10 sec) was borderline slow at 14 ± 4 (mean ± standard error of the mean) and gastric emptying (normal <90 min) was prolonged (range of 106-506 min, mean = 283 ± 69 min). In a 1-38 month follow-up, gastric function subjectively improved in all. Six patients had intraperitoneal device placement. One died of aspiration pneumonia secondary to small bowel obstruction, and one had prolonged inability to tolerate oral intake, which required feeding jejunostomy tube placement. The 21 patients with pre peritoneal placement of the device did not require GI operative interventions and had no catastrophic GI events; they had mild to no GI complaints. Pre peritoneal placement may mitigate early satiety and obviate serious GI complications.ASAIO Journal1996;42:150-153.
Abstract 5448: PTK7 as a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer (2014)

Abstract The identification of proteins that selectively discriminate between tumor cells and normal adult cells allows for the specific targeting of diseased cells with antibody therapeutics. One such recently identified protein, PTK7, is an onco-fetal membrane protein which exhibits limited expression and function in adults. PTK7 was identified as a member of the RTK super family but lacks a functional kinase domain. Normally, PTK7 is expressed early in development and its loss is associated with severe defects in neural tube closure and sensory hair cell bundle formation. Functionally, little is known about the signaling involving PTK7, but it has been linked to both the canonical and noncanonical WNT pathways. Recently, PTK7 expression has been shown to be upregulated in a number of cancers including: ovarian, melanoma, leukemia, lung, pancreatic, colon, renal and breast. In vitro and in vivo studies support a role in regulating angiogenesis, invasion &amp; survival. To further validate PTK7 as a potential cancer target that may be required for tumor maintenance and progression, we analyzed the expression of PTK7 in normal and tumor samples, and validated an in vitro and in vivo role of PTK7 on cell growth in ovarian cancer cell lines using both genetic tools and polyclonal antibodies. Silencing PTK7 with stably expressed inducible shRNAs is shown to inhibit the growth of ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro and to lead to delayed tumor growth upon PTK7 knockdown in murine tumor xenograft models. Further supporting the role of PTK7 as a potential antibody target, polyclonal antibodies to PTK7 are shown to inhibit the growth of SKOV3 and OVCAR8 cells in vitro. Although 4 human antibodies derived from phage display failed to inhibit in vitro cell growth, these results suggest that functionally blocking PTK7 may lead to the inhibition of ovarian tumor growth and is a potential target for antibody therapies. Citation Format: Zhihu Ding, Amanda Lennon, Keli Perron, David Harper, Hui Su, Meredith Wolfram, Joshua Murtie, Stuart Licht, Jason Pinckney, Helene Simonds-Mannes, Kimberly Bishop, Julie-Ann Gavigan, Dinesh Bangari, Maureen Magnay, William Weber, David Reczek, William Brondyk, Vicky Drewett, Marc Trombe, Dietmar Hoffmann, Raffaele Baffa, Serena Silver, Victoria Richon, Christopher Winter, Venkat Reddy, Richard C. Gregory. PTK7 as a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5448. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5448
Counteracting gain narrowing using spectral amplitude shaping in a high-energy diode-pumped CPA system based on Yb-doped materials (2009)

Amplification of 3.5nm bandwidth in Yb:YAG to pulse energies of 300mJ at 10Hz repetition rate is shown. A spatial light modulator (SLM) introduces spectral amplitude shaping for preserving bandwidth, extending the limit of gain narrowing.
Route to production of suspended perforated membranes (2008)

The authors report a flexible approach to fabrication of suspended perforated membranes. Interferometric lithography is used to pattern photoresist to create an etch mask on a silicon substrate. Reactive ion etching results in the formation of a matrix of silicon pillars. The interstices of the pillar matrix are then filled with the membrane material. Subsequent removal of the silicon matrix and underlying substrate yields a suspended membrane with perforations where the pillar matrix protruded prior to removal. The method combines interferometric lithography and conventional lithography to provide both periodic and nonperiodic patterns in a seamless process flow. The use of a matrix of sacrificial pillars enables the formation of higher aspect ratio holes than standard liftoff or etched film approaches. Perforated membranes of a siloxane based silica, photocurable polymer, and evaporated Cr are presented, demonstrating the wide process latitude of this approach. Such suspended membranes have application in photonic, metamaterials, DNA translocation, and biological and chemical sensors.
A convenient route to distannanes, oligostannanes, and polystannanes (2010)

The quantitative conversion of the tertiary stannane (n-Bu) 3 SnH (2) into (n-Bu) 6 Sn 2 (4) was achieved by heating the neat hydride material under low pressure or under closed inert atmosphere conditions. A 31% conversion of Ph 3 SnH (3) to Ph 6 Sn 2 (5) was also observed under low pressure; however, under closed inert atmosphere conditions afforded Ph 4 Sn (6) as the major product. A mixed distannane, (n-Bu) 3 SnSnPh 3 (7), can also be prepared in good yield utilizing an equal molar ratio of 2 and 3 and the same reaction conditions used to prepare 4. This solvent-free, catalyst-free route to distannanes was extended to a secondary stannane, (n-Bu) 2 SnH 2 (8), which yielded evidence (NMR) for hydride terminated distannane H(n-Bu) 2 SnSn(n-Bu) 2 H (9), the polystannane [(n-Bu) 2 Sn] n (10), and various cyclic stannanes [(n-Bu) 2 Sn] n =5,6 (11, 12). Further evidence for 10 was afforded by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) where a broad, moderate molecular weight, but highly dispersed polymer, was obtained (M w = 1.8 × 10 4 Da, polydispersity index (PDI) = 6.9) and a characteristic UV–vis absorbance (λ max ) of ≈370 nm observed.
Wilson Disease: Clinical Presentation, Treatment, and Survival (1991)

Our results suggest that long-term treatment of patients with Wilson disease with D-penicillamine can relieve symptoms and improve prognosis.
Synthesis and Properties of Copolymers Composed of Arylenevinylene and Phenothiazine for Organic Solar Cells (2011)

A series of new organic semiconducting copolymers composed of {(2E,2'E)-3,3'-[2,5-bis(octyloxy)-1,4-phenylene]-bis[2-(thiophen-2-yl)acrylonitrile]}(OPTAN) and 10(2'-ethylhexylphenothiazine) (PTZ) monomers, (the copolymers are hereafter referred to as poly(OPTAN-co-PTZ)s), were synthesized by using Suzuki coupling polymerization in which the monomer ratios were controlled. An increase in the OPTAN content shifted the peak and onset absorption of the copolymers to the longer wavelength regions, which resulted in a decrease in the band gap energy. The maximum UV absorption of the polymer films was in the range 523-540 nm and the optical band gap energies were in the range 1.90-1.87 eV. Energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the polymers were determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The HOMO energy level of the copolymers was between -5.07 and -5.12 eV. Photovoltaic devices were fabricated by using the copolymers as the p-type donor and C60-PCBM or C70-PCBM as the electron acceptors. The device with poly(50OPTAN-alt-50PTZ) and C70-PCBM showed the best performance among the fabricated devices; the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, and maximum power conversion efficiency of this device were 0.79 V, 5.25 mA/cm2, 0.30, and 1.25%, respectively.
A Silicon Modulator Enabling RF Over Fiber for 802.11 OFDM Signals (2010)

We investigate the linearity properties of silicon modulators and show that, contrary to the traditional lithium niobate Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs), the third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) for silicon modulators is a function of the modulator bias point. The bias point for silicon modulators can be chosen to reduce the IMD3 well below that of standard lithium niobate MZMs. Given the cost and integration advantages of the silicon photonics technology, silicon modulators offer significant advantages for emerging radio over fiber applications. As an example, we examine, for the first time to our knowledge, a silicon modulator for converting analog 802.11 RF signals to the optical domain, achieving an error vector magnitude of -30 dB.
ASM Journals Eliminate Impact Factor Information from Journal Websites (2016)

Editor's note: This editorial is published simultaneously by the following ASM journals: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy , Applied and Environmental Microbiology , Clinical Microbiology Reviews , Infection and Immunity , Journal of Clinical Microbiology , mBio , mSphere , and mSystems .

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A Short Review on the History of Anesthesia in Ancient Civilizations (2019)

Anesthesia is one of the main issues in surgery and has progressed a lot since two centuries ago. The formal history of surgery indicates that beginning of anesthesia backs to the 18th century, but reviewing the history of medicine shows that pain management and anesthesia has a long history in ancient times. The word “anesthesia”, comes from Greek language: an-(means: “without”) and aisthēsis (means: “sensation”), the combination of which means the inhibition of sensation. The oldest reports show that the Sumerians maybe were the first people that they cultivated and harvested narcotic sedative like the opium Poppy as early as 3400 BC and used them as pain killers. There are some texts which show us that Greek and Mesopotamia’s doctors prescribed alcoholic beverages before their surgeries. In the Byzantine time, physicians used an elixir known as “laudanum” that was a good sedative prior the patient’s operation. Ancient Persia and China were as the biggest civilizations, of which medicine anesthesia had a great role in. Also, Persian and other Muslim physicians developed the field of anesthesiology in early medieval era which is called Islamic Golden Age.
Population level integration of individual effect measurements for in situ water quality assessment: a modelling approach with Gammarus fossarum (Crustacean) and Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gastropod) (2009)

Multilevel biomarker studies are now a classical approach for the monitoring of contaminated environments. Nevertheless, even if the population constitutes a level of interest for environmental management, the characterization of in situ effects of contaminants at this level reminds difficult notably because it also integrates plastic, adaptive and neutral variability related to physical-chemical habitat or phylogeograhical constraints. In predictive approaches, the experimental difficulty to assess impacts of chemical compounds at the population scale is currently addressed by modelling techniques. With two environmental relevant species, we develop this methodology in a diagnostic framework by coupling population modelling and in situ caging. Hence, we expect to enhance the ecological relevance of in situ toxicity assessment and to develop biologically integrated ecotoxicological indicators.\nOur approach proceeds in two steps. (i) Population models are developed to mechanistically link life history traits (survival, growth, reproductive activity, fecundity) and the dynamics of reference native populations all along a year. For this, we use a dual approach combining laboratory and field experiments. The latter consisting in a demographic follow-up based on monthly population census (densities, size distributions) and an individual approach with field organisms caged in situ (reproduction, growth, survival). (ii) Effects of contamination, observed at the organism level through the exposure of transplanted individuals caged in contaminated stations, are projected into the dynamics of these reference populations in order to propose a diagnostic assessment of water quality at the population level.
Tau pathology induces loss of GABAergic interneurons leading to altered synaptic plasticity and behavioral impairments (2013)

We show for the first time that hippocampal GABAergic function is impaired by pathological tau protein, leading to altered synaptic plasticity and severe memory deficits. Increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the synaptic failure in AD and FTD is critical to identifying targets for therapies to restore cognitive deficiencies associated with tauopathies.