gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of a Dialyzer Equipped with a Hydrophilic Fiber Spacer to Enhance Internal Filtration (2003)

Dialyzers equipped with a hydrophilic fiber spacer have been newly introduced in order to enhance internal filtration. The spacer is composed of a dialysis membrane bundle with several turns of the fibers wounding around it. Swelling of the spacer by absorption of water reduces the cross-sectional area of the dialysate stream and increases the pressure drop (ΔPD) on the dialysate side of the dialyzer. In addition to diffusive transport, the internal filtration induced by increasing ΔPD enhanced convective transport of the solute through the dialysis membrane, especially of relatively large molecular weight substances. We examined the performance of the newly introduced dialyzer in an experimental study using an aqueous solution of myoglobin and assessed the solute removal characteristics of the dialyzer with an analytical model. Three dialyzers with the spacer at different positions were used. The 40 mm wide spacer was inserted at the inlet (40 mm inlet), the center (40 mm central), and the outlet (40 mm outlet) of the dialyzer. The results of the experimental study showed that all dialyzers containing the spacer had a higher ΔPD than the control dialyzer (FB-150UH, Nipro Corp.). On the other hand, the 40 mm central dialyzer yielded higher myoglobin clearance than the 40-mm-inlet and the 40-mm-outlet dialyzers. The 40 mm central dialyzer had a higher average transmembrane pressure (TMP), because it had enough length before and after the spacer.
From Network Planning to Traffic Engineering for Optical VPN and Multi-Granular Random Demands (2006)

In this paper, we investigate the routing problem for dynamic traffic demands providing differentiated types of service across the network. Two classes of traffic are considered: QoS traffic and best-effort traffic. We propose a comprehensive offline/online routing solution that enables service providers to satisfy the demands of customer traffic flows while respecting the traffic priority. As a first step, an offline global optimization tool is used for network dimensioning. It aims to minimize the number of optical and electrical ports required in the network in order to satisfy a given set of high priority demands. Once the network's nodes are dimensioned, the network can be over-dimensioned to carry additional best-effort traffic requests. The latter set of traffic is routed by means of an online sequential optimization tool. Low priority traffic are divided into two subsets according to the requested capacity of the demands. This capacity may correspond either to an optical channel data rate (lightpath demands) or to a fraction of that rate (electrical demands). Our sequential optimization tool proceeds automatically to the grooming of the electrical demands into grooming demands. The network performance is expressed as the ratio of the number of rejected/blocked requests to the total number of requests
Silicon high-density capacitors for power decoupling applications (2015)

Capacitors linearity and reliability at high temperature are essential for embedded Point of Load regulation applications. RL parasitic are also becoming crucial for high frequency regulators. In that perspective, we present a silicon-integrated capacitor technology enhanced for high temperature linearity and reliability. A layout approach is proposed to optimize the capacitor RL parasitic to level equivalent to best known technologies (Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors) with better frequency stability.
Semi-automatic image personalization tool for variable text insertion and replacement (2010)

Image personalization is a widely used technique in personalized marketing,1 in which a vendor attempts to promote new products or retain customers by sending marketing collateral that is tailored to the customers' demographics, needs, and interests. With current solutions of which we are aware such as XMPie,2 DirectSmile,3 and AlphaPicture,4 in order to produce this tailored marketing collateral, image templates need to be created manually by graphic designers, involving complex grid manipulation and detailed geometric adjustments. As a matter of fact, the image template design is highly manual, skill-demanding and costly, and essentially the bottleneck for image personalization. We present a semi-automatic image personalization tool for designing image templates. Two scenarios are considered: text insertion and text replacement, with the text replacement option not offered in current solutions. The graphical user interface (GUI) of the tool is described in detail. Unlike current solutions, the tool renders the text in 3-D, which allows easy adjustment of the text. In particular, the tool has been implemented in Java, which introduces flexible deployment and eliminates the need for any special software or know-how on the part of the end user.
The use of high Q toroid inductors for LTCC integrated tunable VHF filters (2009)

In this paper, we report the use of LTCC for the integration of wide tuning, VHF filters in compact form factors. The design of both wideband and narrowband VHF filters, based upon substrate integrated high Q toroid inductors are presented.
Structural and Antibacterial Characterization of a New Benzamide FtsZ Inhibitor with Superior Bactericidal Activity and In Vivo Efficacy Against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2023)

Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogen of acute clinical significance. Resistance to current standard-of-care antibiotics, such as vancomycin and linezolid, among nosocomial and community-acquired MRSA clinical isolates is on the rise. This threat to global public health highlights the need to develop new antibiotics for the treatment of MRSA infections. Here, we describe a new benzamide FtsZ inhibitor (TXH9179) with superior antistaphylococcal activity relative to earlier-generation benzamides like PC190723 and TXA707. TXH9179 was found to be 4-fold more potent than TXA707 against a library of 55 methicillin-sensitive <i>S. aureus</i> (MSSA) and MRSA clinical isolates, including MRSA isolates resistant to vancomycin and linezolid. TXH9179 was also associated with a lower frequency of resistance relative to TXA707 in all but one of the MSSA and MRSA isolates examined, with the observed resistance being due to mutations in the <i>ftsZ</i> gene. TXH9179 induced changes in MRSA cell morphology, cell division, and FtsZ localization are fully consistent with its actions as a FtsZ inhibitor. Crystallographic studies demonstrate the direct interaction of TXH9179 with <i>S. aureus</i> FtsZ (SaFtsZ), while delineating the key molecular contacts that drive complex formation. TXH9179 was not associated with any mammalian cytotoxicity, even at a concentration 10-fold greater than that producing antistaphylococcal activity. In serum, the carboxamide prodrug of TXH9179 (TXH1033) is rapidly hydrolyzed to TXH9179 by serum acetylcholinesterases. Significantly, both intravenously and orally administered TXH1033 exhibited enhanced in vivo efficacy relative to the carboxamide prodrug of TXA707 (TXA709) in treating a mouse model of systemic (peritonitis) MRSA infection. Viewed as a whole, our results highlight TXH9179 as a promising new benzamide FtsZ inhibitor worthy of further development.
Lost in translation (2007)

Current real-world software applications typically involve heavy use of relational and XML data and their query languages. Unfortunately object-oriented languages and database query languages are based on different semantic foundations and optimization strategies. The resulting ''ROX (Relations, Objects, XML) impedance mismatc'' makes life very difficult for developers. Microsoft Corporation is developing extensions to the .NET framework to facilitate easier processing of non-object-oriented data models. Part of this project (known as "LINQ") includes various extensions to the .NET languages to leverage this support. In this paper we consider proposals for C # 3.0, the next version of the C # programming language. We give both an informal introduction to the new language features, and a precise formal account by defining a translation from C # 3.0 to C # 2.0. This translation also demonstrates how these language extensions do not require any changes to the underlying CLR.
Current-forced single-phase reversible rectifier (1989)

A 7 kW voltage-sourced reversible rectifier (VSRR) which achieves bidirectional power flow between a single-phase AC supply and a DC busbar voltage is described. A current-forced control (CFC) strategy is used to switch two power transistors, enabling the device to operate with a unity power factor and a sinusoidal line current to produce a regulated DC busbar voltage. The advantages of the scheme are its simplicity, an extremely fast and well damped response and its adaptive nature to nonlinear effects such as transistor switching delays. Furthermore, the harmonic currents produced by multiple devices operating from the same point of supply do not add coherently because of their pseudorandom nature. The device operates with a DC busbar voltage which is greater than the peak-to-peak voltage of the utility supply so that it is especially suitable for use as a source of power in a variable-speed AC induction-motor drive.
Are serological responses to acellular pertussis antigens sufficient criteria to ensure that new combination vaccines are effective for prevention of disease? (1997)

Combining several vaccines in a single formulation can alleviate the increasing complexity of the paediatric vaccination schedule. However, vaccine antigens that are highly effective when administered singly may lose potency in combination; consequently, the efficacy of each component must be established for any new proposed combination vaccine. When the serological response to a vaccine correlates clearly with clinical efficacy, the efficacy of that component in a combination can be inferred from immunogenicity studies. Poliovirus, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis, and hepatitis B vaccines, can all be assessed in this manner. Unfortunately, the antibody titres induced by acellular pertussis vaccines do not correlate with vaccine efficacy. Thus, although diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine has been considered a prime building block in the development of new combination vaccines, modifying DTaP by the addition of new vaccine components may decrease the ability of the vaccine to protect against pertussis without a change in serum antibody response. For this reason, immunogenicity is not an adequate or safe basis for licensing combination vaccines containing acellular pertussis. Development and licensing of new combination vaccines containing components with serological correlates of clinical efficacy can proceed more rapidly than DTaP-based combinations and should be pursued.
Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain (2018)

Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology.
Relationships in the rotational barriers of all Group 14 ethane congeners H3X-YH3 (X, Y = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb). Comparisons of ab initio pseudopotential and all-electron results (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelationships in the rotational barriers of all Group 14 ethane congeners H3X-YH3 (X, Y = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb). Comparisons of ab initio pseudopotential and all-electron resultsPaul v. R. Schleyer, Martin Kaupp, Frank Hampel, Matthias Bremer, and Kurt MislowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 17, 6791–6797Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00043a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00043a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views249Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Preparation of Chiral Mesoporous Materials with Helicity Perfectly Controlled (2011)

Chiral mesoporous organosilicas with helicity perfectly controlled were synthesized by using N-myristoyl-l-alanine and bis(triethoxysilyl)ethylene in the presence of l-arginine; the left-/right-handed ratios for the helical particles have proved to be 0/100.
Density-dependent exciton kinetics in synthetic diamond crystals (2009)

We have measured transients of excitonic luminescence under pulsed excitation of single-crystal diamond, synthesized by a high-temperature high-pressure method. The longest decay time of 80 ns is measured at a lattice temperature around 100 K in nondoped samples. The decay kinetics strongly depends on the excitation power density and the impurity concentration. Based on the impurity concentrations determined from infrared and ultraviolet absorption coefficients, we simulate the carrier kinetics by solving rate equations for free and bound exciton densities. It is found that annihilation of free excitons via capture to impurity sites and via collection to electron-hole droplets plays an important role at low temperatures.
Histone carbonylation in vivo and in vitro (2000)

Non-enzymic damage to nuclear proteins has potentially severe consequences for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Introduction of carbonyl groups into histones in vivo and in vitro was assessed by Western blot immunoassay and reductive incorporation of tritium from radiolabelled NaBH(4) (sodium borohydride). Histone H1 extracted from bovine thymus, liver and spleen was found to contain significantly elevated amounts of protein-bound carbonyl groups as compared with core histones. The carbonyl content of nuclear proteins of rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) was not greatly increased following oxidative stress induced by H(2)O(2), but was significantly increased following alkylating stress induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or by combined oxidative and alkylating stress. Free ADP-ribose, a reducing sugar generated in the nucleus in proportion to DNA strand breaks, was shown to be a potent histone H1 carbonylating agent in isolated PC12 cell nuclei. Studies of the mechanism of histone H1 modification by ADP-ribose indicate that carbonylation involves formation of a stable acyclic ketoamine. Our results demonstrate preferential histone H1 carbonylation in vivo, with potentially important consequences for chromatin structure and function.
Interim criteria for the use of programmable digital devices in safety and control systems (1984)

Proposed criteria for the application of stored program, digital computers in commercial nuclear power plants is presented. This report emphasizes recommendations for the design of computer systems and recommends a method for the regulatory review of computer system designs. More restrictive requirements are made for protection systems than control systems or other plant computer systems. In making these recommendations, the study team reviewed current regulations, past Nuclear Regulatory Commission reviews of computer systems, the work done by other government agencies, and the work done by many other countries. Results of this study provide a classification of systems, a recommended design method, and a specification of design issues to be resolved during the design and development of digital computer systems. Also included is a recommendation of subject areas that need further research activity. This report is part of a larger program to research computer system design issues, to develop design criteria (hardware and software) for Safety Parameter Display Systems, to research software quality assurance, to provide a comparative risk assessment of digital technology, and to develop electrical isolation criteria.
A proposal for energy saving in semiconductor fabs (2003)

This paper describes measurement of the energy consumption of diffusion furnaces and proceeds to propose several methods for energy saving. Measurements showed that cooling water consumes 71% of the energy, exhaust air 11% and dry coil (heat transferred to clean room air) 18%. In terms of cost (in Yen), cooling water accounts for 32%, exhaust air 46% and dry coil 22%. Proposals are raised for reducing the energy consumption of the furnace to less than a half of conventional ones by: employment of double layer cooler; replacement of exhaust from clean room air by partially treated air; and employment of heat insulation material for the furnace casing.
Cognitive application area networks (2017)

Each software application, from e-commerce to a complex machine learning algorithm, is composed of a set of distributed, interacting components that collaborate to accomplish a common goal. While this application goal or the intent is well-defined and decomposed into sub-tasks to be embedded (à la Turing machine) in each composed component, the quality of the application (in terms of performance, responsiveness, availability or robustness) is strongly influenced by how and where the components are executed. This kind of information, including the meta-knowledge of the intent of the algorithm, the association of specific component to a specific machine, the temporal evolution and exception handling when the application deviates from its intent, is outside the application design and expressed in terms of non-functional requirements. In this paper, we describe how it is possible to exploit these non-functional requirements to effectively enforce the application intent while the computation is still in progress.
Local Duplication of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptor before Two Rounds of Whole Genome Duplication and Origin of the Mammalian GnRH Receptor (2014)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) play an important role in vertebrate reproduction. Although many GnRHR genes have been identified in a large variety of vertebrate species, the evolutionary history of GnRHR in vertebrates is unclear. To trace the evolutionary origin of GnRHR we examined the conserved synteny of chromosomes harboring GnRHR genes and matched the genes to linkage groups of reconstructed vertebrate ancestor chromosomes. Consistent with the phylogenetic tree, three pairs of GnRHR subtypes were identified in three paralogous linkage groups, indicating that an ancestral pair emerged through local duplication before two rounds of whole genome duplication (2R). The 2R then led to the generation of six subtypes of GnRHR. Some subtypes were lost during vertebrate evolution after the divergence of teleosts and tetrapods. One subtype includes mammalian GnRHR and a coelacanth GnRHR that showed the greatest response to GnRH1 among the three types of GnRH. This study provides new insight into the evolutionary relationship of vertebrate GnRHRs.
Predictors of Flexibility and Pain Patterns in Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Idiopathic Scoliosis (2002)

We have shown that curve magnitude and patient age are the main predictors of structural flexibility. Every 10 degrees increase in curve magnitude over 40 degrees results in a 10% decrease in flexibility; every 10-year increase in age decreases flexibility of the structural curve by 5% and the lumbosacral fractional curve by 10%. Curve magnitude and age of the patients are significant predictors of curve flexibility. The demonstration of this association offers useful information in estimating how surgical options for deformity correction may change over time.
Olfactory receptor neurons generate multiple response motifs, increasing coding space dimensionality (2022)

ABSTRACT Odorants binding to olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) trigger bursts of action potentials, providing the brain with its only experience of the olfactory environment. Our recordings made in vivo from locust ORNs showed odor-elicited firing patterns comprise four distinct response motifs, each defined by a reliable temporal profile. Different odorants could elicit different response motifs from a given ORN, a property we term motif switching. Further, each motif undergoes its own form of sensory adaptation when activated by repeated plume-like odor pulses. A computational model constrained by our recordings revealed that organizing responses into multiple motifs provides substantial benefits for classifying odors and processing complex odor plumes: each motif contributes uniquely to encode the plume’s composition and structure. Multiple motifs and motif switching further improve odor classification by expanding coding dimensionality. Our model demonstrated these response features could provide benefits for olfactory navigation, including determining the distance to an odor source.
Activation Energy of Nanoscale 3C-SiC Island Growth on Si Substrate (1999)

Activation energy has been evaluated for the nanoscale island growth of 3C-SiC films deposited on (111) Si by hydrogen plasma sputtering using a SiC target. The value of 5.6 kcal/mol obtained for the island growth is lower than that reported for 3C-SiC film growth. After the completion of nucleation, the SiC islands mainly grew in the diameter direction of each island. The low activation energy is related to the formation of an amorphous SiC phase during the growth of the island films.
Exchange coupling and magnetoresistance in nano-oxide layer built-in specular spin valves (2002)

Spin valves with nano-oxide layers (ΔR/R=16% and ΔR∼3.7 Ω/sq) are developed based on plasma and natural oxidation processes, rendering stable giant magnetoresistance (GMR) reader with ultrahigh density recording of more than 50 Gbit/in2. A simple model is used to discuss the main features of the plasma and natural oxidation process and the magnetic coupling between two subpinned layers through the oxide layers. At full-film level, large enhancement of GMR combined with a strong exchange coupling field and thermally stable magnetic performance of these nano-oxide specular layers spin valves is demonstrated.