gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Unweighting on Gait Kinematics During Walking on a Lower-Body Positive Pressure Treadmill in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis (2020)

Abstract Background: Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal condition that makes walking difficult due to pain induced by weight-bearing activity. Treadmills that support body weight reduce the load on the lower limbs, and those equipped with a lower-body positive pressure (LBPP) device, developed as a new method for unweighting, significantly reduce pain in patients with knee OA. However, the effects of unweighting on gait kinematics remain unclear in patients with hip OA. Therefore, we investigated the effects of unweighting on kinematics in patients with hip OA during walking on a treadmill equipped with an LBPP device. Methods: Fifteen women with hip OA and fifteen age-matched female controls wore a three-dimensional motion analysis system and walked at a self-selected speed on the LBPP treadmill. Data regarding hip pain using a numeric rating scale under three different unweighting conditions (100%, 75%, and 50% bodyweight) were collected. Three-dimensional peak joint angles during gait under each condition were calculated and compared. Results: In the hip OA group, numerical rating scores at the unweighted conditions were significantly decreased compared to the 100% bodyweight condition, and peak hip extension angle decreased compared to the healthy controls. In both groups, unweighting significantly decreased the peak hip and knee flexion angle and increased the peak ankle plantarflexion angle during walking. Conclusions: Although unweighting by LBPP decreased pain in the hip OA group, gait kinematics did not alter despite less load on the hip joint. Therefore, clinicians should consider the benefits of pain reduction, rather than the alternation of gait kinematics, when considering LBPP treadmill for patients with hip OA.
Wisdom of the crowds: A suggested polygenic plan for small-RNA-mediated regulation in bacteria (2021)

The omnigenic/polygenic theory, which states that complex traits are not shaped by single/few genes, but by situation-specific large networks, offers an explanation for a major enigma in microbiology: deletion of specific small RNAs (sRNAs) playing key roles in various aspects of bacterial physiology, including virulence and antibiotic resistance, results in surprisingly subtle phenotypes. A recent study uncovered polar accumulation of most sRNAs upon osmotic stress, the majority not known to be involved in the applied stress. Here we show that cells deleted for a handful of pole-enriched sRNAs exhibit fitness defect in several stress conditions, as opposed to single, double, or triple sRNA-knockouts, implying that regulation by sRNA relies on sets of genes. Moreover, analysis of RNA-seq data of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> exposed to antibiotics and/or infection-relevant conditions reveals the involvement of multiple sRNAs in all cases, in line with the existence of a polygenic plan for sRNA-mediated regulation.
IC wire bond inspection using elliptical model approximation (2003)

An algorithm that has been developed to inspect the integrity of wire bonds on an IC die is described. The algorithm uses of an elliptical model to approximate the shape of the bond so that any aberrations from the specified dimensions can be easily identified. Missing bonds and double bonds can also be detected. >
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to β‐Fluoropyrroles Based on the Michael Addition of Isocyanomethylide Anions to α‐Fluoroalkenyl Sulfones and Sulfoxides. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Aerosol Delivery Through Adult High Flow Nasal Cannula With Heliox and Oxygen (2017)

With a distressed breathing pattern, aerosol delivery was greater at 30 and 50 L/min than with a quiet breathing pattern. Trends toward higher inhaled dose with heliox during HFNC were not significant.
2-[18F]Fluorophenylalanine: Synthesis by Nucleophilic 18F-Fluorination and Preliminary Biological Evaluation (2019)

2-[18F]Fluorophenylalanine (2-[18F]FPhe), a promising PET tracer for imaging of cerebral infarction and tumors, was efficiently prepared from an easily accessible iodonium salt precursor using Cu-mediated radiofluorination under ‘low base’ or ‘minimalist’ conditions. Whereas significant racemization was initially observed if the ‘minimalist’ protocol was applied for radiolabeling, it was completely suppressed by the careful adjustment of 18F– preprocessing. The initial biological study revealed a higher uptake of 2-[18F]FPhe in different tumor cells in comparison to that of [18F]FET. In contrast to 4-[18F]FPhe, which suffered from rapid defluorination in vivo, 2-[18F]FPhe demonstrated a sufficient in vivo stability. Conclusively, 2-[18F]FPhe is a promising PET probe that is now readily available using Cu-mediated radiofluorination under ‘minimalist’ or ‘low base’ conditions. The simplicity of the translation of the proposed procedures to automated synthesis modules allows a broad biological evaluation of 2-[18F]FPhe. Notably, a novel protocol for the preparation of N-Boc protected amino acids from the respective Ni-Schiff base complexes was developed that avoided application of strongly acidic conditions.
Efficacy and Safety of Controlled-Release Versus Immediate-Release Oxycodone: Randomized, Double-Blind Evaluation in Patients with Chronic Back Pain (1999)

Controlled-release oxycodone given every 12 hours was comparable with immediate-release oxycodone given four times daily in efficacy and safety, and it provides convenient, twice-daily, around-the-clock treatment for selected patients with persistent back pain that is inadequately controlled by nonopioids or as-needed opioid therapy.
Query Expansion for Email Search (2017)

This work studies the effectiveness of query expansion for email search. Three state-of-the-art expansion methods are examined: 1) a global translation-based expansion model; 2) a personalized-based word embedding model; 3) the classical pseudo-relevance-feedback model. Experiments were conducted with two mail datasets extracted from a large query log of a Web mail service. Our results demonstrate the significant contribution of query expansion for measuring the similarity between the query and email messages. On the other hand, the contribution of expansion methods for a well trained learning-to-rank scoring function that exploits many relevance signals, was found to be modest.
A stratified approach for supporting high throughput event processing applications (2009)

The quantity of events that a single application needs to process is constantly increasing. RFID related events have doubled within the past year and reached 4 trillion events per day, financial applications in large banks are processing 400 million events per day, and Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO) games are monitoring millions of events per second during peak periods. It is evident that scalability in event throughput is a major requirement for such applications. While the first generation of event processing systems is centralized, we see various solutions that attempt to use both scale-up and scale-out techniques. Alas, partitioning of the processing manually is difficult due to the semantic dependencies among event processing agents. It is also difficult to manually tune up the partition dynamically. This paper proposes a horizontal partition that is automatically created by analyzing the semantic dependencies among agents using a stratification principle. Each stratum contains a collection of independent agents, and events are routed to subsequent strata. We also implement a profiling-based technique for assigning agents to nodes in each stratum with the goal of maximizing throughput. A complementary step is to distribute load among different execution nodes dynamically based on their performance characteristics and the event traffic model. Experimental results show significant improvement in the ability to process high throughput of events relative to both centralized solutions as well as vertical partitions. We find this to be a promising approach to achieve high scalability particularly when the traffic model and network topology change frequently.
Estimation of Plateau Stress of Porous Aluminum Based on Mean Stress on Maximum-Porosity Cross Section (2013)

Porous aluminum with high porosity is very lightweight and has high energy absorptivity. Plateau stress is an important mechanical property that is closely related to the energy absorptivity of porous aluminum. In this study, we attempt to estimate the plateau stress of porous aluminum by simply assuming that when the mean true compressive stress on a maximum-porosity cross section perpendicular to the direction of compressive loading reaches the critical value, a locally deformed layer appears and the nominal compressive stress becomes equal to the plateau stress. Through the comparison of compressive test results with the estimated results obtained according to this assumption, it was shown that the plateau stress can be evaluated approximately when the proof stress is used as the critical value.
Visible light communication-based monitoring for indoor environments\n using unsupervised learning (2021)

Visible Light Communication~(VLC) systems provide not only illumination and\ndata communication, but also indoor monitoring services if the effect that\ndifferent events create on the received optical signal is properly tracked. For\nthis purpose, the Channel State Information that a VLC receiver computes to\nequalize the subcarriers of the OFDM signal can be also reused to train an\nUnsupervised Learning classifier. This way, different clusters can be created\non the collected CSI data, which could be then mapped into relevant events\nto-be-monitored in the indoor environments, such as the presence of a new\nobject in a given position or the change of the position of a given object.\nWhen compared to supervised learning algorithms, the proposed approach does not\nneed to add tags in the training data, simplifying notably the implementation\nof the machine learning classifier. The practical validation the monitoring\napproach was done with the aid of a software-defined VLC link based on OFDM, in\nwhich a copy of the intensity modulated signal coming from a Phosphor-converted\nLED was captured by a pair of Photodetectors~(PDs). The performance evaluation\nof the experimental VLC-based monitoring demo achieved a positioning accuracy\nin the few-centimeter-range, without the necessity of deploying a large number\nof sensors and/or adding a VLC-enabled sensor on the object to-be-tracked.\n
Label-Free Detection of DNA-Binding Proteins Based on Microfluidic Solid-State Molecular Beacon Sensor (2011)

A solid-state molecular beacon using a gold support as a fluorescence quencher is combined with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel to construct an optical sensor for detecting single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSBP) and histone protein. The single-stranded DNA-Cy3 probe or double-stranded DNA-Cy3 probe immobilized on the gold surface is prepared for the detection of SSBP or histone, respectively. Due to the different quenching ability of gold to the immobilized single-stranded DNA-Cy3 probe and the immobilized double-stranded DNA-Cy3 probe, low fluorescence intensity of the attached single-stranded DNA-Cy3 is obtained in SSBP detection, whereas high fluorescence intensity of the attached double-stranded DNA-Cy3 is obtained in histone detection. The amounts of SSBP in sample solutions are determined from the degree of fluorescence recovery of the immobilized single-stranded DNA-Cy3 probe, whereas that of histone in sample solutions is determined from the degree of fluorescence quenching of the immobilized double-stranded DNA-Cy3 probe. Using this approach, label-free detection of target proteins at nanomolar concentrations is achieved in a convenient, general, continuous flow format. Our approach has high potential for the highly sensitive label-free detection of various proteins based on binding-induced conformation changes of immobilized DNA probes.
Receptors for T cell-replacing factor/interleukin 5. Specificity, quantitation, and its implication. (1988)

T cell-replacing factor (TRF)/IL-5 is a glycosylated polypeptide that acts as a key factor for B cell growth and differentiation. Since IL-5 action is probably mediated by specific cell surface receptor(s), we have characterized the binding of IL-5 to cells using biosynthetically [35S]methionine-labeled IL-5 and 125I-IL-5 that had been prepared using Bolton-Hunter reagent. The radiolabeled IL-5 binds specifically to BCL1-B20 (in vitro line) (a murine chronic B cell leukemic cell line previously shown to differentiate into IgM-secreting cells in response to IL-5) within 10 min at 37 degrees C. There are two classes of binding sites with high affinity (Kd = 66 pM) and low affinity (Kd = 12 nM) for IL-5 and an average number of binding sites for high affinity and for low affinity were 400 and 7,500 per cell, respectively. The specificity of binding of radiolabeled IL-5 has been confirmed by demonstrating that only unlabeled IL-5 and anti-IL-5 mAb but not by IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF inhibit radiolabeled IL-5 binding to BCL1-B20 cells. Treatment of surface-bound radiolabeled IL-5 with bivalent crosslinkers identified a membrane polypeptide of Mr 46,500 to which IL-5 is crosslinked. A variety of cell types have been surveyed for the capacity to bind specifically radiolabeled IL-5 with high affinity. BCL1 cells MOPC104E (murine myeloma cell line) expressed IL-5-R, whereas BAL. 17 and L10 A (B cell lymphoma) did not. T cell line, mastocytoma cell line, or macrophage tumor cell line did not display detectable levels of IL-5-R. were hardly detectable on normal resting B cells but were expressed on LPS-activated B cells, fitting the function of IL-5 that acts on activated B cells for their differentiation into Ig-secreting cells. Intriguingly, early B cell lines (J-87 and T-88) that grow in the presence of IL-5 expressed significant but low numbers of high-affinity binding sites for IL-5. The biological effects of IL-5 were mediated by high-affinity binding sites. The identification and characterization of IL-5-R should provide new insight into the apparent diverse biological activities of IL-5.
Evaluating Inter-Operator Cooperation Scenarios to Save Radio Access Network Energy (2022)

Reducing energy consumption is crucial to reduce the human debt's with regard to our planet. Therefore most companies try to reduce their energetic consumption while taking care to preserve the service delivered to their customers. To do so, a service provider (SP) typically downscale or shutdown part of its infrastructure in periods of low-activity where only few customers need the service. However an SP still needs to maintain part of its infrastructure "on", which still requires significant energy. For example a mobile national operator (MNO) needs to maintain most of its radio access network (RAN) active. Could an SP do better by cooperating with other SPs who would temporarily support its users, thus allowing it to temporarily shut down its infrastructure, and then reciprocate during another low-activity period? To answer this question, we investigated a novel collaboration framework based on multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) allowing negotiations between SPs as well as trustful reports from a distributed ledger technology (DLT) to evaluate the amount of energy being saved. We leveraged it to experiment three different sets of rules (free, recommended, or imposed) regulating the negotiation between multiple SPs (3, 4, 8, or 10). With respect to four cooperation metrics (efficiency, safety, incentive-compatibility, and fairness), the simulations showed that the imposed set of rules proved to be the best mode.
Corrections to “A Linear Programming Model for Determining Distribution of User Sessions in a Voice Over Internet Protocol Network” (2021)

This article is correcting an education credential for one of the authors of the original article.
Optical transition process in AgOx super‐resolution near‐field structure (2003)

A sandwiched 15 nm AgOx thin film of the super-resolution, near-field optical disk was studied using a confocal Z-scan system. Nonlinear optical properties of quartz glass/ZnS-SiO2 (170 nm)/AgOx (15 nm)/ZnS-SiO2 (40 nm) were measured using a Q-switch Nd : YAG pulse laser of wavelength 532 nm, pulse width 0.7 ns, and 15.79 kHz repetition rate. Transmittance and reflectance of the sandwiched AgOx thin film show important optical responses at the focused position of Z-scan. The dissociation processes of AgOx, recombination of the silver and oxygen, and the resonance of the localized surface plasmon of the nano-composites of the AgOx thin film are correlated to transmittance and reflectance at the focused position of the Z-scan for different input laser powers. An irreversible upper threshold intensity of 4.40 x 106 mW cm-2 at the focused position was found. A reversible working window of the focusing intensity between 1.86 x 106 and 4.40 x 106 mW cm-2 was measured with sandwiched AgOx thin film alone. The near-field interactions of the AgOx thin film and the recording layers of super-resolution near-field optical disk are also discussed.
XForms 2.0: XPath expression module (2012)

This module defines how XPath could be used for addressing instance data nodes in binding expressions, to express constraints, and to specify calculations in XForms. This module is based on XPath 2.0, but an XPath 1.0 backwards compatibility mode is provided to ensure that nearly all XPath 1.0 expressions continue to deliver the same result with XPath 2.0. &#13;\n&#13;\nThis module also defines the XForms Function Library which contains additional functions that are useful for creating forms.
Nuclear Waste Glasses - Suitability, Surface Studies, and Stability (1999)

Every major country involved with long-term management of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) has either selected or is considering glass as the matrix of choice for immobilizing and ultimately, disposing of the potentially hazardous, high-level radioactive material. There are many reasons why glass is preferred. Among the most important considerations are the ability of glass structures to accommodate and immobilize the many different types of radionuclides present in HLW, and to produce a product that not only has excellent technical properties, but also possesses good processing features. Good processability allows the glass to be fabricated with relative ease even under difficult remote-handling conditions necessary for vitrification of highly radioactive material. The single most important property of the waste glass produced is its ability to retain hazardous species within the glass structure and this is reflected by its excellent chemical durability and corrosion resistance to a wide range of environmental conditions.
NIMG-58PRELIMINARY TRENDS IN ADVANCED IMAGING RELATIVE TO STANDARD IMAGING IN SUBJECTS TREATED WITH OPTUNE (2015)

BACKGROUND: Optune has recently received FDA approval for antimitotic treatment of subjects with recurrent glioblastoma. Response to Optune treatment is generally delayed (5.2 months) with the response duration highly correlated with OS. Recently, it was shown that 44% of responders developed initial tumor growth based on standard imaging. The aim of this preliminary analysis is to determine if there is a potential role for advanced imaging to distinguish responders from non-responders based on the directional change in MRI-derived perfusion and diffusion metrics. METHODS: Advanced MRI was examined in 7 recurrent high-grade glioma subjects (WHO IV = 4/WHO III = 3; 3M/4F) treated with Optune. When available, FLAIR (FV) and enhancing tumor volumes (ETV) were examined with diffusion (ADC) and DSC perfusion (rCBV and rCBF). Mean parameter values were obtained within FV and ETV prior to and following Optune treatment and trends in perfusion and diffusion are reported, relative to standard imaging. RESULTS: All but one subject had increased FV. In cases where FV increased, 3/4 cases had a decrease in perfusion and 2/5 cases had an increase in ADC indicating response. Half of subjects had increased ETV. In cases where ETV decreased, 2/2 subjects had an increase in perfusion and 1/3 cases had a decrease in ADC. In cases where ETV increased, 1/3 cases had a decrease in perfusion and 2/3 cases had an increase in ADC. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced imaging may potentially provide additional information beyond standard imaging, with potential to help identify early responders to Optune treatment. Additional information may be obtained through the use of advanced imaging as decreases in perfusion or increases in diffusion did not trend well with decreases in FV (≥50% case differences) or ETV (≥66% case differences). Further analysis in a larger cohort is underway, where future goals include correlation of advanced imaging to survival and device compliance.
Synthesis of Pseudellone Analogs and Characterization as Novel T-type Calcium Channel Blockers (2018)

T-type calcium channel (Ca<sub>V</sub>3.x) blockers are receiving increasing attention as potential therapeutics for the treatment of pathophysiological disorders and diseases, including absence epilepsy, Parkinson's disease (PD), hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and pain. However, few clinically approved Ca<sub>V</sub>3.x blockers are available, and selective pharmacological tools are needed to further unravel the roles of individual Ca<sub>V</sub>3.x subtypes. In this work, through an efficient synthetic route to the marine fungal product pseudellone C, we obtained bisindole alkaloid analogs of pseudellone C with a modified tryptophan moiety and identified two Ca<sub>V</sub>3.2 (<b>2</b>, IC<sub>50</sub> = 18.24 µM; <b>3</b>, IC<sub>50</sub> = 6.59 µM) and Ca<sub>V</sub>3.3 (<b>2</b>, IC<sub>50</sub> = 7.71 µM; <b>3</b>, IC<sub>50</sub> = 3.81 µM) selective blockers using a FLIPR cell-based assay measuring Ca<sub>V</sub>3.x window currents. Further characterization by whole-cell patch-clamp revealed a preferential block of Ca<sub>V</sub>3.1 activated current (<b>2</b>, IC<sub>50</sub> = 5.60 µM; <b>3</b>, IC<sub>50</sub> = 9.91 µM), suggesting their state-dependent block is subtype specific.
A New Process for Measuring and Displaying Board Test Coverage (2003)

Board test coverage has for years been expressed as a percentage, for example, “98.2%”. However it is completely unclear what this measure really means. When the product development team, test department, and manufacturing were all within one company, these groups could comfortably define what coverage meant to them. Now it is more likely these functions reside in three different companies, and each works with different sets of people and tools every day. There is little chance these groups can effectively define their own definition of coverage. Now there is a compelling reason to agree on a common definition of board test coverage.