gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CFD Applied to Process Development in the Oil and Gas Industry – A Review (2015)

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is increasingly used in the oil and gas industry. The present article aims to show how CFD can be used at all steps of the development of a new process, with a focus on refining technologies. Those different steps consist first of setting up tools that will be used during the development phase, second of obtaining data in complement with experiments required for the process development, and finally, of troubleshooting actions or technology developments that will make the process even more efficient. A large number of applications corresponding to various flow configurations, single-phase or gas-liquid, gas-solid or even gas-liquid-solid, characterised by significantly different scales and requiring adapted simulation approaches, are discussed based on original results and a review of the literature. Perspectives are given in particular on the multi-scale approach and physical phenomena coupling.
Heat and Mass Transfer Study to Understand TCAP Scale Up (2019)

The overall objective of this work is to understand the fundamental physics of the efficiency losses previously noted during Thermal Cycling Absorption Process (TCAP) scale up and devise means to overcome them.
Continuous Flow Photochemistry for the Rapid and Selective Synthesis of 2'-Deoxy and 2',3'-Dideoxynucleosides (2012)

A new photochemical flow reactor has been developed for the photo-induced electron-transfer deoxygenation reaction to produce 2'-deoxy and 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides. The continuous flow format significantly improved both the efficiency and selectivity of the reaction, with the streamlined multi-step sequence directly furnishing the highly desired unprotected deoxynucleosides.
Requirement of rRNA Methylation for 80S Ribosome Assembly on a Cohort of Cellular Internal Ribosome Entry Sites (2011)

Protein syntheses mediated by cellular and viral internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) are believed to have many features in common. Distinct mechanisms for ribosome recruitment and preinitiation complex assembly between the two processes have not been identified thus far. Here we show that the methylation status of rRNA differentially influenced the mechanism of 80S complex formation on IRES elements from the cellular sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) versus the hepatitis C virus mRNA. Translation initiation involves the assembly of the 48S preinitiation complex, followed by joining of the 60S ribosomal subunit and formation of the 80S complex. Abrogation of rRNA methylation did not affect the 48S complex but resulted in impairment of 80S complex assembly on the cellular, but not the viral, IRESs tested. Impairment of 80S complex assembly on the amino acid transporter SNAT2 IRES was rescued by purified 60S subunits containing fully methylated rRNA. We found that rRNA methylation did not affect the activity of any of the viral IRESs tested but affected the activity of numerous cellular IRESs. This work reveals a novel mechanism operating on a cohort of cellular IRESs that involves rRNA methylation for proper 80S complex assembly and efficient translation initiation.
Clinical assessment of acute heart failure syndromes: emergency department through the early post-discharge period (2011)

Acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS) are defined as a rapid change in heart failure signs and symptoms in patients with chronic or de novo heart failure, who require urgent or emergent therapy.w1 w2 These symptoms are predominantly the result of systemic and pulmonary congestion due to elevated left ventricular (LV) filling pressures. AHFS are known to occur in patients with preserved or reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and are an increasingly common cause of hospitalisation and mortality in the USA and worldwide.w3 In the USA, heart failure as the primary or secondary cause resulted in almost 3.6 million hospitalisations annually with an estimated cost of $39–$56 billion (£25–£35 billion, €28–€40 billion). In other developed countries, total expenditures on heart failure ranges between 1–2% of the total healthcare budget, with ∼75% due to hospitalisation for heart failure. Hospitalisation for AHFS independently portends a poor prognosis.w4–w7 Despite multiple trials aimed at improving outcomes, post-discharge event (death or rehospitalisation) rates can be as high as 20–30% within the subsequent 60–90 day period and 50% at 1 year.w8 1

AHFS present with a wide range of signs and symptoms, often in the setting of other cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, valvular heart disease, atrial fibrillation, as well as other non-cardiac conditions, including renal dysfunction, pulmonary disease, anaemia, and diabetes.w2 Current practice guidelines recommend the selective use of biomarkers as well as non-invasive and invasive techniques for the initial assessment of AHFS. However, the selection and timing of tests are not well delineated.2 w9

This document proposes a consensus recommendation regarding a complete assessment of patients initially presenting to the emergency department with AHFS through hospitalisation (figure 1) and the early post-discharge period. Three phases of assessment are proposed: (1) immediate (emergency department); (2) in-hospital; and (3) …
Low-Dimensional Bottleneck Features for On-Device Continuous Speech\n Recognition (2018)

Low power digital signal processors (DSPs) typically have a very limited\namount of memory in which to cache data. In this paper we develop efficient\nbottleneck feature (BNF) extractors that can be run on a DSP, and retrain a\nbaseline large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) system to use\nthese BNFs with only a minimal loss of accuracy. The small BNFs allow the DSP\nchip to cache more audio features while the main application processor is\nsuspended, thereby reducing the overall battery usage. Our presented system is\nable to reduce the footprint of standard, fixed point DSP spectral features by\na factor of 10 without any loss in word error rate (WER) and by a factor of 64\nwith only a 5.8% relative increase in WER.\n
Phase II Study of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/2 Inhibitor Selumetinib in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2020)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and deadly malignancy with few systemic therapy options. The RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway is activated in approximately 50% to 60% of HCCs and represents a potential target for therapy. Selumetinib is an orally available inhibitor of MEK tyrosine kinase activity.
Appearance of target pattern and spiral flames in radial microchannels with CH4-air mixtures (2008)

This paper presents the experimental evidence of the formation of rotating spiral flames with premixed methane-air mixtures introduced at the center of the two parallel circular quartz plates which are separated by a millimeter scale distance (≤5mm). Both plates are externally heated to create a positive wall temperature gradient in the flow direction to resemble heat recirculation through solid walls, which is a requisite to obtain stabilized combustion in microburners. Contrary to the general perception of a stable premixed flame front at a radial location, a variety of nonstationary flame propagation modes are observed. For lower mixture flow rates and a range of mixture equivalence ratios, a radial flame propagation mode is observed with simultaneous presence of two circular flames at different radial locations. For higher flow rates, a rotating spiral flame propagation mode is observed. In addition to radial and spiral flame propagation modes, random and unsymmetrical flame oscillations are also observed. The rotational rates of the spiral flame fronts were observed to vary from 28 to 83Hz. A simple analysis is carried out to describe the formation of spiral flames from a steady circular flame.
Next generation PCR microfluidic system (2010)

Stokes Bio, founded in 2005, develops innovative microfluidic technologies. In 2008 in collaboration with Monsanto, an application driven development for a high-throughput instrument in the detection and characterisation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in agricultural crops was initiated.&#13;\n&#13;\nStokes technology is designed to generate aqueous nanolitre scale droplets of reagents and&#13;\nsamples, wrapped in a carrier fluid from standard microtitre plates and to mix them using Stokes&#13;\nBio’s proprietary liquid bridge mixers. Following mixing the complete assay is transferred in the&#13;\ncarrier fluid through the use of a continuous flow system, to a flow through thermal cycler and an&#13;\noptical reading station.&#13;\n&#13;\nThis poster summarises results collated using the Stokes Bio genotyping platform currently based in Monsanto. Data will be presented to illustrate the dynamic capabilities of the instrument, highlighting the enhanced sensitivity and reproducibility of PCR in droplet format compared to well-based technologies.
Olive Oil‐derived Oleocanthal as Potent Inhibitor of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin: Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling Studies (2015)

The established anticancer and neuroprotective properties of oleocanthal combined with the reported role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in cancer and Alzheimer's disease development encouraged us to examine the possibility that oleocanthal inhibits mTOR. To validate this hypothesis, we docked oleocanthal into the adenosine triphosphate binding pocket of a close mTOR protein homologue, namely, PI3K-γ. Apparently, oleocanthal shared nine out of ten critical binding interactions with a potent dual PIK3-γ/mTOR natural inhibitor. Subsequent experimental validation indicated that oleocanthal indeed inhibited the enzymatic activity of mTOR with an IC50 value of 708 nM. Oleocanthal inhibits the growth of several breast cancer cell lines at low micromolar concentration in a dose-dependent manner. Oleocanthal treatment caused a marked downregulation of phosphorylated mTOR in metastatic breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). These results strongly indicate that mTOR inhibition is at least one of the factors of the reported anticancer and neuroprotective properties of oleocanthal.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Anti‐HIV Activity of O‐Acylated Heparin and Dermatan Sulfate Derivatives with Low Anticoagulant Effect. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Black carbon emissions from in-use ships: a California regional assessment (2013)

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) mass emission factors (EFBC; g-BC (kg-fuel)−1) from a variety of ocean going vessels have been determined from measurements of BC and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in ship plumes intercepted by the R/V Atlantis during the 2010 California Nexus (CalNex) campaign. The ships encountered were all operating within 24 nautical miles of the California coast and were utilizing relatively low sulphur fuels. Black carbon concentrations within the plumes, from which EFBC values are determined, were measured using four independent instruments: a photoacoustic spectrometer and a particle soot absorption photometer, which measure light absorption, and a single particle soot photometer and soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer, which measure the mass concentration of refractory BC directly. The measured EFBC have been divided into vessel type categories and engine type categories, from which averages have been determined. The geometric average EFBC, determined from over 71 vessels and 135 plumes encountered, was 0.31 g-BC (kg-fuel)−1. The most frequent engine type encountered was the slow speed diesel (SSD), and the most frequent SSD vessel type was the cargo ship sub-category. Average and median EFBC values from the SSD category are compared with previous observations from the Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS) in 2006, during which the ships encountered were predominately operating on high sulphur fuels. There is a statistically significant difference between the EFBC values from CalNex and TexAQS for SSD vessels and for the cargo and tanker ship types within this engine category. The CalNex EFBC values are lower than those from TexAQS, suggesting that operation on lower sulphur fuels is associated with smaller EFBC values.
Regulatory role of resveratrol, a microRNA-controlling compound, in HNRNPA1 expression, which is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer (2018)

Certain lifestyles, such as unhealthy eating habits, are associated with an increased risk for several diseases, including cancer. Recently, some naturally occurring compounds, such as resveratrol, have been shown to regulate microRNA (miRNA) expression in a positive manner; this regulatory activity is likely to be advantageous for cancer prevention and treatment. Resveratrol, a multi-functional polyphenolic phytoalexin, has been known to exert anti-tumorigenic and anti-inflammatory effects and to regulate miRNA expression. However, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms whereby resveratrol controls cancer cell growth via the regulation of miRNA and oncogenic target gene expression to inhibit disease progression remains incomplete. Here we show that resveratrol controls breast cancer cell proliferation by inducing tumor-suppressive miRNAs (<i>miR-34a</i>, <i>miR-424</i>, and <i>miR-503</i>) via the p53 pathway and then by suppressing heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (<i>HNRNPA1</i>), which is associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Notably, <i>HNRNPA1</i> was directly regulated by <i>miR-424</i> and <i>miR-503</i>, the expression of which were mediated by resveratrol. Moreover, we found that resveratrol exerts broad effects on the <i>HNRNPA1</i>-related pre-mRNA splicing pathway. Our data provide novel insights into the regulatory roles of resveratrol for preventing and treating of diseases.
Investigation of regularized neural networks for the computerized detection of mass lesions in digital mammograms (2002)

Computerized schemes are currently being developed at the University of Chicago to detect mass lesions in digital mammograms. Artificial neural networks play an important role in the detection of masses. Currently, features are extracted from potential lesion areas and sent through a neural network to decide whether the area is to be called a true lesion or a false detection. One of the most difficult aspects of dealing with artificial neural networks is to train them without over-training; in other words, to take both the bias and variance into account when training. Typically, an early stopping technique is employed; that is, the neural network is tested on an independent data set and training is stopped when the the performance on this independent data set is maximized. In this paper the effectiveness of regularization is evaluated as a technique to minimize over-training. Regularization adds an extra term to the cost-function used in neural network training that penalizes over-complex results. The results of simulation studies will be presented along with results obtained using data of actual lesions and false positives from the authors' computerized mass detection scheme.
An Improved Catalyst System for Ullmann-Type Couplings between Alcohols and Aryl Halides (2008)

3,4,7,8-Tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline was found to increase the efficiency of Ullmann-type couplings between aryl halides and primary and secondary aliphatic, benzylic, allylic, and propargylic alcohols. Hereby, a number of sensititive functional groups, including ester, amine, and cyano functionalities, were tolerated. The necessary amount of alcohol used as coupling partner could be reduced to 1.5 equivalents using this catalyst system.
Mechanical stimulation of endocardial Purkinje fibres can trigger ventricular arrhythmias (2020)

Abstract Acute ventricular dilation can evoke mechanically-induced arrhythmias, our study investigated whether Purkinje fibres (PFs) may play a role. Changes in left ventricular (LV) pressure and pseudo-ECGs were measured in isolated, Langendorff-perfused, male Wistar rat hearts in sinus rhythm. The LV endocardial surface was irrigated with experimental agents, via an indwelling catheter. Mechanically-induced arrhythmias were triggered by LV lumen inflation (100μl in 2s) via an indwelling balloon. Arrhythmias occurred as the LV volume was increased and spontaneously ceased within 20s of the onset of LV inflation. Arrhythmias were indexed as an increase in the standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDRR), the number of ectopic activations and the period of these activations. Following 10s LV endocardial irrigation with Lugol’s solution (IK/I 2 ) to chemically ablate surface PFs or with 0 Na + Tyrode, there was a statistically significant attenuation of mechanically-induced arrhythmias. Lugol’s reduced the mechanically-induced increase in SDRR (Tyrode pre-stretch 3.5±1.7ms to 113.8±15.1ms during stretch vs Lugol pre-stretch 3.3±0.5ms to 39.9±14.5ms during stretch n=8, P &lt; 0.05). There was also a reduction in the number (21.2±2.0 to 1.5±0.7, P&lt;0.001) and period (5.9±0.71s to 1.7±0.85s, P&lt; 0.01) of ectopic activations. The experiment was repeated using LV lumen irrigation with either 1µM GsMTx4, a peptide that blocks stretch-activated channels or 50µM 9-Phenanthrol (9-Phen), a blocker of TRPM4 channels. GsMTx4 did not attenuate mechanically-activated arrhythmias while 9-Phen had a partial effect. 9-Phen statistically reduced the number and period of ectopic activations but did not attenuate the mechanically-induced increase in SDRR (n=6-11 for each intervention). In further studies, in situ focal mechanical stimulation of individual PFs, caused ectopic activations, in each of 4 sheep LV preparations (0.2±0.1 ectopics in 10s pre-mechanical stimulation vs 2.1±0.2 ectopics in 10s during mechanical stimulation, P&lt;0.001). We interpret our observations in rat and sheep hearts as evidence for a role of PFs in the generation of some mechanically-induced arrhythmia.
Acute Postoperative Pain Due to Dental Extraction in the Adult Population: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis (2023)

This study compares the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments to develop guidelines for the management of acute pain after tooth extraction. We searched Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and US Clinical Trials registry on November 21, 2020. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of participants undergoing dental extractions comparing 10 interventions, including acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and combinations to placebo. After duplicate screening and data abstraction, we conducted a frequentist network meta-analysis for each outcome at 6 h (i.e., pain relief, total pain relief [TOTPAR], summed pain intensity difference [SPID], global efficacy rating, rescue analgesia, and adverse effects). We assessed the risk of bias using a modified Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool and the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. We implemented the analyses in RStudio version 3.5.3 and classified interventions from most to least beneficial or harmful. We included 82 RCTs. Fifty-six RCTs enrolling 9,095 participants found moderate- and high-certainty evidence that ibuprofen 200 to 400 mg plus acetaminophen 500 to 1,000 mg (mean difference compared to placebo [MDp], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-2.31), acetaminophen 650 mg plus oxycodone 10 mg (MDp, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.85-1.54), ibuprofen 400 mg (MDp, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.17-1.45), and naproxen 400-440 mg (MDp, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.07-1.80) were most effective for pain relief on a 0 to 4 scale. Oxycodone 5 mg, codeine 60 mg, and tramadol 37.5 mg plus acetaminophen 325 mg were no better than placebo. The results for TOTPAR, SPID, global efficacy rating, and rescue analgesia were similar. Based on low- and very low-certainty evidence, most interventions were classified as no more harmful than placebo for most adverse effects. Based on moderate- and high-certainty evidence, NSAIDs with or without acetaminophen result in better pain-related outcomes than opioids with or without acetaminophen (except acetaminophen 650 mg plus oxycodone 10 mg) or placebo.
SNP Detection Using Trityl Mass Tags (2009)

A new method suitable for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection using differential oligonucleotide probe extension has been developed. Sulfur-linked laser-cleavable trityl labels are implemented in this protocol. The method is based on mass spectrometry and utilizes a single surface for affinity purification of extended probes and matrix-independent desorption-ionization of the cleavable labels. The usefulness of this method for SNP genotyping is demonstrated.
The WinEC: A Real-Time Hands-Free Stereo Communication System (2006)

A software application has been designed that runs a stereophonic acoustic echo canceler natively under Windows operating systems on personal computers: the WinEC. This is a major achievement since echo cancelers require that the sound card’s input and output signals are time-synchronous. Synchronizing the audio streams is a great challenge in such an “asynchronous” environment as the operating system of a PC. Furthermore, stereophonic echo cancellation is significantly more complicated to handle than the monophonic case because of computational complexity, nonuniqueness of solution, and convergence problems. In this chapter we present the system design and the core algorithms we use. This system has been evaluated in point-to-point as well as multi-point communication scenarios. We regularly use the software for teleconferencing in wideband stereo audio over commercial IP networks.
Thermally-Induced Dehydrogenative Coupling of Organosilanes and H-Terminated Silicon Quantum Dots onto Germanane Surfaces (2020)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Covalently bonded organic monolayers play important roles in defining the solution processability, ambient stability, and electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as Ge nanosheets (GeNSs); they also hold promise of providing avenues for the fabrication of future generation electronic and optical devices. Functionalization of GeNS normally involves surface moieties linked through covalent Ge−C bonds. In the present contribution we extend the scope of surface linkages to include Si−Ge bonding and present the first demonstration of heteronuclear dehydrocoupling of organosilanes to hydride-terminated GeNSs obtained from the deintercalation and exfoliation of CaGe2. We further exploit this new surface reactivity and demonstrated the preparation of directly bonded silicon quantum dot-Ge nanosheet hybrids.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Safety and efficacy of B-domain truncated recombinant factor VIII in previously treated patients with hemophilia A: Comparison of data between total population and Japanese subject population (2014)

要約：ツロクトコグアルファは，Bドメインを切断した新規の第三世代ヒト遺伝子組換え第Ⅷ因子製剤である．本剤の安全性および出血抑制効果を検討する目的で12歳以上の重症型血友病A患者を対象に国際多施設共同第III相試験が実施された．9人の日本人を含む15カ国150人の患者に定期補充療法が行われた．定期補充療法中の年換算出血率（中央値；回/人・年）は，全集団（150人）で3.66，9人の日本人では0であった．報告された499件の出血エピソードの89.4％が本剤の投与2回以内で，日本人の6件の出血ではすべて1回で止血した．止血成功率は全集団で84.5％，日本人では100％であった．試験期間中にインヒビター発生や重要な安全性の問題は認めなかった．本剤による血友病A患者の定期補充療法および出血時治療は安全かつ有効であり，両集団の止血治療成績は一貫するものと考えられた．