gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced supercapacitors from hierarchical carbon nanotube and nanohorn architectures (2011)

Supercapacitors fill the power and energy gap between electrolytic capacitors and batteries. The energy density for commercial supercapacitors is currently limited to ∼5 Wh kg−1. Enhancing the energy and power density of supercapacitors is of great interest as it would open up a much wider range of applications. In this work, thin film supercapacitors made of random networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were enhanced by the use of carbon nanoparticles of a size ideal to fill the pores in the SWNT network. These nanoparticles, termed carbon nanohorns (CNHs), provide a much enhanced surface area, whilst maintaining high permeability and porosity. We demonstrate the hierarchical use of carbon nanostructures in a controlled fashion, allowing an enhancement provided by both types of materials, high power density by the SWNTs and high energy density from the CNHs. SWNT films serve as an ideal template onto which CNHs are deposited, with a good size match, adhesion and charge transfer between particles of a single chemical species. This combination results in an enhanced specific capacitance and a reduced equivalent series resistance (ESR) compared to a capacitor made of either individual component. Additionally, the good binding properties of the hybrid material and the high electrical conductivity of the SWNTs permit the removal of both the binder and the charge collector, paving the way for thinner and lighter supercapacitors. These electrodes allow the fabrication of supercapacitors with novel properties. As an example, we demonstrate a semitransparent supercapacitor. These results demonstrate the possibilities that may be available for the enhancement of electrodes by tailoring and combining relevant materials hierarchically in multiple scales. Much potential remains in further enhancement through tailored hierarchical nanostructuring.
Safety, Performance, and Efficacy of Cardiac Contractility Modulation Delivered by the 2-Lead Optimizer Smart System (2020)

The 2-lead system effectively delivers comparable amount of CCM signals (including in subjects with atrial fibrillation) as the 3-lead system, is equally safe and improves peak VO<sub>2</sub> and New York Heart Association. Device-related adverse effects are less with the 2-lead system. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03339310.
A class of backpressure algorithms for networks embedded in hyperbolic space with controllable delay-throughput trade-off (2012)

Future communications consist of an increasing number of wireless parts, while simultaneously need to support the widespread multimedia applications imposed by social networks. These human-machine systems, driven by both real time social interactions and the challenges of the wireless networks' design, call for efficient and easy to implement, distributed cross-layer algorithms for their operation. Performance metrics such as throughput, delay, trust, energy consumption, need to be improved and optimized aiming at high quality communications. We investigate the coveted throughput-delay trade-off in static wireless multihop networks based on a "computer-aided" design of the backpressure scheduling/routing algorithm for networks embedded in hyperbolic space. Both routing and scheduling exploit the hyperbolic distances to orient the packets to the destination and prioritize the transmissions correspondingly. The proposed design provides us with the freedom of controlling its theoretical throughput optimality and of counterbalancing its practical performance through simulations, leading to significant improvements of the throughput-delay trade-off.
Prediction of submicron junction temperatures in microelectronics using IR techniques (2004)

Infrared (IR) techniques can accurately measure temperatures with high spatial resolution, on the order of a few microns resolution. In microelectronics, however, a device’s hot spot, the junction temperature, is a small fraction of a micron. Accurate prediction of junction temperature is critical for reliability and thermal management. This paper presents an accurate closed form model for the junction temperature as a function of device geometry. Based on knowledge of the temperature profile it is possible to reverse the averaging inherent in the IR measurement and obtain the junction temperature accurately based on IR microscopy. This paper illustrates this approach for the case of field effect transistors (FETs) and applies it to several actual measurements.
Multi-Antenna Joint Radar and Communications: Precoder Optimization and Weighted Sum-Rate vs Probing Power Tradeoff (2020)

In order to further exploit the potential of joint multi-antenna radar-communication (RadCom) system, we propose two transmission techniques respectively based on separated and shared antenna deployments. Both techniques are designed to maximize the weighted sum rate (WSR) and the probing power at target's location under average power constraints at the antennas such that the system can simultaneously communicate with downlink users and detect the target within the same frequency band. Based on a Weighted Minimized Mean Square Errors (WMMSE) method, the separated deployment transmission is designed via semidefinite programming (SDP) while the shared deployment problem is solved by majorization-minimization (MM) algorithm. Numerical results show that the shared deployment outperforms the separated deployment in radar beamforming. The tradeoffs between WSR and probing power at target are compared among both proposed transmissions and two practically simpler dual-function implementations i.e., time division and frequency division. Results show that although the separated deployment enables spectrum sharing, it experiences a performance loss compared with frequency division, while the shared deployment outperforms both and surpasses time division in certain conditions.
Minitutorial: Optical Fiber Splicing (1983)

The theory of fiber splicing for both single-mode and multimode fibers will be presented to Identify and categorize loss contributors. The impact of fiber splicing on fiber and cable design will be investigated, and a description of current hardware and methods for achieving higher performance single-mode and multimode optical fiber splices will be given.
Holographic photopolymers of organic/inorganic hybrid interpenetrating networks for reduced volume shrinkage (2009)

We demonstrated that holographic photopolymers of organic/inorganic hybrid interpenetrating networks (IPNs) showed both enhanced monomer diffusion and reduced volume shrinkage, simultaneously. Hybrid IPNs were developed from simple in-situ sol-gel reaction: the alkoxysilane of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) leads to the formation of inorganic networks, while simultaneously partial introduction of the two amines of APTES into epoxy resins reduced the overall crosslink density of organic networks. In particular, the morphology of hybrid IPNs can be easily controlled by simply adjusting the ratio of APTES to epoxy resins. When the ratio of APTES to oxirane was 7.0 wt %, interpenetrated hard inorganic networks were homogeneously distributed within soft organic networks without aggregation. The present hybrid IPNs were very effective for high performance holographic properties including diffraction efficiency and volume shrinkage. Soft organic networks with low overall crosslink density enabled fast monomer diffusion for photopolymerization, and consequently diffraction efficiency was enhanced. In addition to fast monomer diffusion, locally dispersed inorganic networks dramatically suppressed the volume shrinkage, due to their filler strengthening effect accompanied by an interpenetrating effect. This synergetic effect of hybrid IPNs allows the enhancement of diffraction efficiency without sacrificing volume shrinkage.
“In-memory Computing”: Accelerating AI Applications (2018)

Recent years have witnessed a tremendous explosion of data, which continues unabatedly: It is estimated that the digital universe is growing at a rate of about 60% per year. All this data significantly improves our understanding of today's incredibly complex economies and societies. Moreover, it ushers in a new era of computing, namely, the cognitive or AI era, in which the data is considered a new natural resource.
Co‐Expression of T‐Cell Receptor β and δ mRNA detected at High Frequency in Hybridomas derived from Adult Thymus (1992)

Two different hybridoma collections from adult C3H/HeJ thymus were generated in order to analyse T-cell receptor (TcR) rearrangements, surface expression of T-cell receptors and differentiation markers as well as lymphokine production. Large, low density thymocytes were either directly fused to the thymoma BW 5147 alpha-beta- variant, or fused after stimulation with Concanavalin A in the presence of interleukin-2 for 48 h. The hybrids obtained from Concanavalin A-stimulated cells represented rather mature thymocytes, with regard to TcR rearrangements and surface T-cell receptor expression. The collection of hybrids derived from freshly isolated large thymocytes contained cells in various stages of T-cell development. An unexpectedly large number of hybrids (46 out of 84) from this group expressed full-length C beta together with full-length, or shorter, C delta mRNA. This finding suggests that a considerable proportion of alpha beta T cells proceeds through a stage in development where delta genes are being rearranged and transcribed.
Three step synthesis of benzylacetone and 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-one in flow using micropacked bed reactors (2018)

The synthesis of benzylacetone from benzyl alcohol and of 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-one from 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol, which were previously performed in a batch cascade, were successfully performed in a telescoped flow system consisting of three micropacked bed reactors and a tube-in-tube membrane to remove oxygen. The system consisted of approximately 10 mg of 1 wt% AuPd/TiO2 catalyst for oxidation, 150–250 mg of anatase TiO2 for C–C coupling and 10 mg of 1 wt% Pt/TiO2 for reduction, operating at 115 °C, 130 °C and 120 °C respectively. Oxygen and hydrogen flowrates were 2 and 1.5 NmL/min and alcohol solution inlet flowrates were 10–80 µL/min, while the system operated at a back pressure of 5 barg. This system achieved significantly increased yields of benzylacetone compared to the batch cascade (56% compared to 8%) and slightly increased yields of 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-one (48% compared to 41% when using the same catalyst supports). The major advantage of the telescoped flow system was the ability to separate the three reactions, so that each reaction could have its own catalyst and operating conditions, which led to significant process intensification.
Measurements of the $ \mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}} $ charge asymmetry using the dilepton decay channel in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 7 TeV (2014)

The t t charge asymmetry in proton-proton collisions at s = 7 TeV is measured using the dilepton decay channel (ee, e, or ). The data correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb -1 , collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The t t and lepton charge asymmetries, defined as the differences in absolute values of the rapidities between the reconstructed top quarks and antiquarks and of the pseudorapidities between the positive and negative leptons, respectively, are measured to be A C = -0.010 0.017 (stat.) 0.008 (syst.) and A lep C = 0.009 0.010 (stat.) 0.006 (syst.). The lepton charge asymmetry is also measured as a function of the invariant mass, rapidity, and transverse momentum of the t t system. All measurements are consistent with the expectations of the standard model.
Support for Video Hosting Service Users Using Folksonomy and Social Annotation (2012)

Recently, the video hosting is one of the most popular services on the Web. The service user can search movies by title, tag, date, and so on. However, the user can hardly obtain information on a particular scene of a movie. Thus, it is very difficult to determine whether a movie contains interesting scenes or not. This research aims to provide information in order to help a user to choose a movie. Concretely, this paper proposes a method for labeling scenes in a movie using a video hosting service called "Nico Nico Douga". The proposed method extracts important scenes in a movie from "Nico Nico Douga" based on the statistics of social annotations attached to them. Also, using the characteristics of folksonomy the authors extract feature words for labeling. Moreover, in order to take advantage of the feature words, the authors estimate their semantic categories. We use the attached comments themselves to label the important scenes. In order to select the comments, the authors take into account the importance of the feature words with semantic categories in a scene. Finally, the authors carry out experiments to evaluate the proposed method and to discuss future works.
A Low-Cost Electrochemical Biosensor for Rapid Bacterial Detection (2010)

A three-electrode electrochemical biosensor has been developed using printed circuit boards for detecting bacterial contamination. This low-cost, small-size device consists of thin-film gold electrodes and is fabricated using photo-lithography paired with electro-deposition. Pathogen presence is deduced by detection of change in electrical impedance caused by binding of the pathogen to bio-receptors coated on the sensor surface. The biosensor has a total area of 3.2 cm and requires only 100 L of test sample for detection. The sensor geometry has been optimized using techniques from Design of Experiments, and the device can be operated using a small ac excitation potential of magnitude 5 mV. The sensor is tested on the common food-borne pathogen Salmonella typhimurium and is able detect bacterial concentrations of the order of 500 CFU/mL within 6 min. In this paper, the design and fabrication of the biosensor is detailed along with the experiments that validate its performance.
Electron-beam-based photomask repair (2004)

High-resolution electron-beam-assisted deposition and etching is an enabling technology for current and future generation photomask repair. NaWoTec in collaboration with Carl Zeiss NTS (formerly LEO Electron Microscopy) has developed a mask repair tool capable of processing a wide variety of mask types, such as quartz binary masks, phase shift masks, extreme ultraviolet masks, and e-beam projection stencil masks. Specifications currently meet the 65nm device node requirements, and tool performance is extendible to 45nm and below. The tool combines LEO’s ultra-high-resolution Supra scanning electron microscope platform with NaWoTec’s proprietary e-beam deposition and etching technology, gas delivery system, and mask repair software. In this article, we focus on tool performance results; that is, the reproducibility and accuracy of repair of clear and opaque programmed defects on Cr binary and MoSi phase shift masks. These masks have in the past been difficult to repair due to beam position instability caused by charging of the insulating quartz areas. We have found and implemented a solution to this charging problem and have demonstrated in spec repair of various defect types. The extendibility of e-beam-based repair technology to future lithography nodes, both in terms of the required resolution and the ability to repair next generation lithography mask types, will also be addressed.
Low-Threshold Single-Mode Lasing from InP-based Double-Lattice Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasers with High-Aspect-Ratio Air Holes (2021)

We demonstrate low-threshold and single-mode operation of 1.3-μm-wavelength InP-based photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers. A low threshold current of 21 mA and a high side-mode suppression ratio of over 50 dB are obtained. The narrow single-lobe-beam emission is achieved by introducing a double-lattice photonic crystal structure.
Melt Derived Blocky Copolyesters: New Design Features for Polycondensation (2012)

Melt polycondensation was utilized to chain extend polytrimethylene terephthalate with 1,3-propanediol based fluorinated isophthalic oligomers, resulting in copolymers with retained microstructure. Our findings point toward the formation of a blocky type copolymer. In general, formation of block or segmented copolymers from melt derived polycondensation is a very challenging task due to the propensity for adverse randomization reactions. Supported by size exclusion chromatography, our copolymers are fully chain extended, with no presence of the initial components. Furthermore, thermal differential scanning calorimetry has confirmed that the melt characteristics of the starting components are retained. In addition, interaction polymer chromatography and sequence distribution analysis using 13C NMR supports a blocky backbone microstructure. Seemingly, intermolecular chain end condensation occurs, whereas transesterification is dormant. While these findings open up new doors for polymer/materials development, we are particularly interested in these structures as melt additives to address oil repellency of polyester blends. When used in blends these blocky additives show an improvement in oil repellency compared with random additives of identical molar composition, i.e., they are more fluorine efficient.
Infection of cats with atypical feline coronaviruses harbouring a truncated form of the canine type I non-structural ORF3 gene (2013)

Feline and canine coronaviruses (FCoV and CCoV, respectively) are common pathogens of cats and dogs sometimes leading to lethal infections named feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and canine pantropic coronavirus infection. FCoV and CCoV are each subdivided into two serotypes, FCoV-I/II and CCoV-I/II. A phylogenetic relationship is evident between, on one hand, CCoV-I/FCoV-I, and on the other hand, CCoV-II/FCoV-II, suggesting that interspecies transmission can occur. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of coronavirus (CoV)-infected cats according to their contact with dogs and to genetically analyse the CoV strains infecting cats. From 2003 to 2009, we collected 88 faecal samples from healthy cats and 11 ascitic fluids from FIP cats. We investigated the possible contact with dog in the household and collected dogs samples if appropriate. Out of 99 cat samples, 26 were coronavirus positive, with six cats living with at least one dog, thus showing that contact with dogs does not appear as a predisposing factor for cats CoV infections. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of FCoV strains were conducted using partial N and S sequences. Six divergent strains were identified with the N gene clustering with CCoV-I whereas the 3' end of S was related to FCoV-I. Further analysis on those six samples was attempted by researching the presence of the ORF3 gene, the latter being peculiar to CCoV-I to date. We succeeded to amplify the ORF3 gene in five samples out of six. Thus, our data strongly suggest the circulation of atypical FCoV strains harbouring the CCoV-I ORF3 gene among cats. Moreover, the ORF3 genes recovered from the feline strains exhibited shared deletions, never described before, suggesting that these deletions could be critical in the adaptation of these strains to the feline host.
Constructing and Testing a Lightweight Model of Converting Single Stride of In-Shoe-Motion-Sensor-Measured Foot Motion to TUG-Represented Mobility (2023)

Mobility is a crucial physical factor that is highly correlated with fall risk and can be modified by physical exercise. The timed up and go (TUG) test outcome is a metric that represents mobility. Monitoring mobility in daily living is essential for fall prevention in older adults. In this study, we aim to develop models for estimating TUG-represented mobility by a single stride of foot motion measured by an in-shoe motion sensor (IMS). In addition, we tested the validity and individual robustness of these models on separately recruited subjects. As a result, we discover novel gait predictors for high-precision estimation from a single stride of foot motion. The models achieved an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient agreement between reference and estimated values with mean absolute errors (MAEs) of 0.39 and 0.41 s (0.34 and 0.40 times the standard deviation) for both male and female subjects. Around 80% of female subjects were effectively estimated within the limit of agreement of Bland–Altman plots, which suggested the individual robustness of the model.
Cervical stroma apoptosis in pregnancy (2001)

Apoptosis of cervical stromal cells may play a role in the remodeling of the cervix during pregnancy and contribute to cervical changes during labor.
Environment-driven somatic mosaicism in brain disorders (2016)

The identification of somatic mosaicism in the brain lends a new perspective to our understanding of the role of gene and environment interactions in psychiatric disease risk. Somatic mutations, such as retrotransposon insertions, that are precipitated by modern environmental factors may alter neuronal function and neurological traits, increasing the societal prevalence of mental disorders.
Laparoscopic Nephrectomy for Benign Disease: Comparison of the Transperitoneal and Retroperitoneal Approaches (1996)

We report our experience with the transperitoneal (TP) and retroperitoneal (RP) approaches for performing laparoscopic nephrectomy for benign disease. Thirty-three patients with benign renal disease underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy, 23 by the TP and 10 by the RP approach. The average age of the patient, ASA score, and specimen weight were similar for the two groups. The average operating time for the TP approach was 5.6 hours v 5 hours for the RP approach. The average hospital stay was 2.8 and 3 days for TP and RP groups, respectively. The use of postoperative analgesics was similar in the two groups (37 mg of morphine sulfate equivalent v 39 mg of morphine sulfate equivalent for the TP and RP groups, respectively). However, the RP group required less time to resume normal oral intake than the TP group (0.3 v 0.6 days). When assessed according to specimen weight of 100 or less, there was a significant reduction in the postoperative analgesia requirements for the RP group of patients (11 mg of morphine sulfate equivalent v 28 mg of morphine sulfate equivalent for the TP group). In this subgroup of patients, the resumption of oral intake also occurred more quickly in the RP than the TP group (0.4 v 0.5 days). The hospital stay and total convalescence time were similar for the two groups. Four complications occurred in the 33 patients: 2 patients (1 TP and 1 RP), required conversion to open surgery, 1 asthenic patient developed a vastus lateralis bruise undergoing a TP approach, and a brachial nerve palsy occurred in a morbidly obese patient who failed a TP approach. The RP approach to laparoscopic nephrectomy reduces the time to resuming normal oral intake for patients postoperatively and, in those patients with a small specimen, may significantly reduce their postoperative analgesia requirements. However, the RP approach for laparoscopic nephrectomy for benign disease does not significantly improve the length of hospital stay or the patient's ultimate postoperative return to normal activity in comparison to the TP approach. There does appear to be a trend toward a shorter operative time for the RP approach. The RP laparoscopic approach is our method of choice for patients with benign renal disease.
Electrochemical calcium extraction from 1D-Ca3Co2O6 (2018)

The electrochemical oxidation of a transition metal oxide through calcium extraction is achieved for the first time. The 1D framework of Ca3Co2O6 is maintained upon oxidation and the new phase formed exhibits a modulated structure. The process occurs at high potential and is partially reversible, which opens prospects for a calcium battery proof-of-concept.