gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal rain gauge network design based on multi-objective optimization approach (2020)

Precipitation is a main input to many hydrological applications, such as water management, flood forecasting and hydrological modelling. The goodness of the rainfall field estimation can thus affect their performances. Despite radar-based and satellite-based measurements have nowadays become very common and accurate, rain gauges monitoring stations are still needed. The gauge density and its spatial distribution are two of the key factors influencing the accuracy in precipitation estimation. Even if in the last decades many studies proposed several methodologies for the design of optimal monitoring networks, only few studies use hydrological model performance as a design criterion.The purpose of this study is to define the optimal rain gauge network for the Mignone River catchment (Italy). The optimal network is defined through a multi-objective optimization approach, where the interpolation error of precipitation is minimised and the performance of a hydrological model based on the Width Function Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph theory is maximised. The optimization is run both without and with constraints, which are based on rainfall patterns. A score to choose the best set of points in the Pareto front is presented. The results suggest that there are preferential areas where sensors locations achieve optimal interpolation error and model performance.
Steroid Sidestep: Evading Androgen Ablation by Abiraterone (2014)

Tumor mechanisms of abiraterone resistance in clinical prostate cancer are not well defined. Chen and colleagues report that a T878A androgen receptor mutation occurs in a subset of patients progressing while receiving abiraterone, suggesting that this may be a therapeutically exploitable mechanism of abiraterone resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Next-Generation JAK2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Lessons from Structure-Based Drug Discovery Approaches (2023)

The JAK inhibitors currently used for the treatment of MPNs are effective for symptom management but not for disease eradication, primarily because they are not strongly selective for the mutant clone. The rise of computational and structure-based drug discovery approaches together with the knowledge of full-length JAK dimer complexes provides a unique opportunity to develop better targeted therapies for a range of conditions driven by pathologic JAK2 signaling.
A somatic reference standard for cancer genome sequencing (2016)

Large-scale multiplexed identification of somatic alterations in cancer has become feasible with next generation sequencing (NGS). However, calibration of NGS somatic analysis tools has been hampered by a lack of tumor/normal reference standards. We thus performed paired PCR-free whole genome sequencing of a matched metastatic melanoma cell line (COLO829) and normal across three lineages and across separate institutions, with independent library preparations, sequencing, and analysis. We generated mean mapped coverages of 99X for COLO829 and 103X for the paired normal across three institutions. Results were combined with previously generated data allowing for comparison to a fourth lineage on earlier NGS technology. Aggregate variant detection led to the identification of consensus variants, including key events that represent hallmark mutation types including amplified BRAF V600E, a CDK2NA small deletion, a 12 kb PTEN deletion, and a dinucleotide TERT promoter substitution. Overall, common events include >35,000 point mutations, 446 small insertion/deletions, and >6,000 genes affected by copy number changes. We present this reference to the community as an initial standard for enabling quantitative evaluation of somatic mutation pipelines across institutions.
Channel Coding of DGPS Transmissions for Taxi Guidance - A concept for combined Error Detection and Correction using Concatenated Codes (1994)

DGPS transmissions for aeronautical applications
require high data security. The requirements are
usually defined in terms of integrity and availability.
For taxi guidance and landing the radio channel is
characterized by multipath propagation which re-
sults in f&ding. A high data security can be assured
only using channel coding.

Current standards for DGPS transmissions [5, 61
make use of a single code for error detection and/or
forward error correction (FEC). In the SCAT-I
MASPS only error detection is specified. In this
paper we present a new concept for channel coding
which uses concatenated codes. The outer code is
used fbr pure error detection to ensure integrity.
The inner code is designed for FEC. On iding chan-
nels burst error correction capabilities are necessary.
Computer simulations show that Reed-Solomon co-
des have better performance than binary codes or
interleaving techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Strychnos‐ and Aspidospermatan‐Type Alkaloids. Part 6. Total Syntheses of (.+‐.)‐Echitamidine, (.+‐.)‐Alstogustine, (.+‐.)‐19‐ epi‐Alstogustine, and (.+‐.)‐Akuammicine. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure 8 from Effects of HER Family–targeting Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity in HER2-expressing Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Densitometry analysis for Figure 6D/E&lt;/p&gt;
Hemodiafiltration: Technical and Clinical Issues (2015)

Hemodiafiltration (HDF) seems to represent the gold standard in the field of replacement of renal function by dialysis. High convective fluxes have been correlated with better clinical outcomes. Sometimes, however, there are technical barriers to the achievement of high blood flows adequate to perform effective convective therapies. In spite of optimized procedures, the progressive increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP), the blood viscosity due to hemoconcentration and blood path resistance sometimes becomes inevitable. We propose two possible solutions that can be operated automatically via specific software in the dialysis machine: predilution on demand and backflush on demand. Predilution on demand consists in an automatic feedback of the machine, diverting part of the filtered dialysate into a predilution mode with an infusion of 200 ml in 30 s while the ultrafiltration pump stops. This produces a sudden hemodilution with a return of the parameters to acceptable values. The performance of the filter improves, and the pressure alterations are mitigated. Backflush on demand consists in an automatic feedback of the machine triggered by the TMP control, producing a positive pressure in the dialysate compartment due to a stop of filtration and rapid infusion of at least 100 ml of ultrapure dialysate into the hollow fiber. This not only produces a significant hemodilution, but also backflushes the membrane pores detaching protein layers and improving membrane permeability. These are two examples of how technology will permit to overcome technical barriers to a widespread diffusion of HDF and adequate convective dose delivery.
Impact of transverse spatial-hole burning on beam quality in large-mode-area Yb-doped fibers (2008)

The beam-quality factor of an amplified spontaneous emission source based on a Yb-doped, large-mode-area (LMA), multimode fiber was found to be optimized when the gain became saturated. A model using spatially resolved gain and transverse-mode decomposition of the optical field showed that transverse spatial-hole burning (TSHB) was responsible for the observed behavior. A simplified model without TSHB failed to predict the observed behavior of beam quality. A comparison of both models shows TSHB is also critical for properly modeling beam quality in LMA fiber amplifiers.
Periodic Arrangement of Silica Nanospheres Assisted by Amino Acids (2006)

Uniform-sized silica nanospheres with a well-ordered arrangement were successfully synthesized by a novel and simple method; hydrolysis and condensation reactions of tetraethyl orthosilicate were conducted in the presence of basic amino acids.
On Nonlinear Learned String Indexing (2023)

We investigate the potential of several artificial neural network architectures to be used as an index on a sorted set of strings, namely, as a mapping from a query string to (an estimate of) its lexicographic rank in the set, which allows solving some interesting string-search operations such as range and prefix searches. Our evaluation on a variety of real and synthetic datasets shows that learned models can beat the space vs error trade-off of the classic (possibly compressed) trie-based solutions for relatively dense datasets only, while being slower to be trained and queried. This leads us to conclude that learned models are not yet competitive with classic trie-based solutions, and thus cannot completely replace them, but possibly only integrate them. Although our study does not settle the question conclusively, it highlights appropriate methods, provides a baseline for comparison, and introduces several open problems, thereby serving as a starting point for future research.
Wave Variable Method to Control Force-Reflecting Teleoperators With Time Delays: Generalizing the Wave Variable Method to Multiple Degree-of-Freedom Systems (2005)

NOTICESWhen US Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used for any purposeother than a definitely related Government procurement operation, the Governmentthereby incurs no responsibility nor any obligation whatsoever, and the fact that theGovernment may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawings,specifications, or other data, is not to be regarded by implication or otherwise, as in anymanner licensing the holder or any other person or corporation, or conveying any rightsor permission to manufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may in any way berelated thereto.Please do not request copies of this report from the Air Force Research Laboratory.Additional copies may be purchased from:National Technical Information Service5285 Port Royal RoadSpringfield, Virginia 22161Federal Government agencies and their contractors registered with the Defense TechnicalInformation Center should direct requests for copies of this report to:Defense Technical Information Center8725 John J. Kingman Road, Suite 0944Ft. Belvoir, Virginia 22060-6218TECHNICAL REVIEW AND APPROVALAFRL-HE-WP-TR-2005-0029This report has been reviewed by the Office of Public Affairs (PA) and is releasable tothe National Technical Information Service (NTIS). At NTIS, it will be available to thegeneral public.This technical report has been reviewed and is approved for publication.FOR THE COMMANDER//Signed//MARIS M. Vll'MANISChief, Warfighter Interface DivisionAir Force Research Laboratory
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid enhances the activities of aminoglycosides against methicillin- sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo (2015)

Infections caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are prevalent. MRSA infections are difficult to treat and there are no new classes of antibiotics produced to the market to treat infections caused by the resistant bacteria. Therefore, using antibiotic enhancers to rescue existing classes of antibiotics is an attractive strategy. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is an antioxidant compound found in extracts from plant Larrea Tridentata. It exhibits antimicrobial activity and may target bacterial cell membrane. Combination efficacies of NDGA with many classes of antibiotics were examined by chequerboard method against 200 clinical isolates of MRSA and MSSA. NDGA in combination with gentamicin, neomycin, and tobramycin was examined by time-kill assays. The synergistic combinations of NDGA and aminoglycosides were tested in vivo using a murine skin infection model. Calculations of the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) showed that NDGA when combined with gentamicin, neomycin, or tobramycin displayed synergistic activities in more than 97% of MSSA and MRSA, respectively. Time kill analysis demonstrated that NDGA significantly augmented the activities of these aminoglycosides against MRSA and MSSA in vitro and in murine skin infection model. The enhanced activity of NDGA resides on its ability to damage bacterial cell membrane leading to accumulation of the antibiotics inside bacterial cells. We demonstrated that NDGA strongly revived the therapeutic potencies of aminoglycosides in vitro and in vivo. This combinational strategy could contribute major clinical implications to treat antibiotic resistant bacterial infections.
Gas volume quantitation during argon ion laser ablation of atheromatous aorta in blood and 0.9% saline media with an optically shielded catheter (1988)

Using an optically shielded fiber optic laser catheter, the amount of gas produced when firing an argon ion laser into 0.9% saline solution or blood alone and into atheromatous aorta in either a blood or 0.9% saline medium was quantitated. Energies from 0.25 to 4 joules (J) were used at powers of 2, 5, and 8 W. We found that total volume of gas produced is small not only at equilibrium (0.3 +/- 0.1 microliter/J when firing in blood alone and also when ablating aorta in blood or saline media) but also at peak (2.5 +/- 0.2 microliters/J firing in blood alone and 1.0 +/- 0.1 microliter/J or 0.9 +/- 0.1 microliter/J when ablating aorta in saline or blood, respectively). Because these volumes are small, a clinically significant event from a gas embolus is unlikely during intravascular laser ablation of atheromatous plaque in the energy and power range studied. No gas was quantitated when firing the argon ion laser into 0.9% saline solution alone. The peak gas volume when firing in blood alone was significantly greater than that produced in the other chamber environments. This is thought to be due to increased absorption of argon laser light by hemoglobin. The gas volumes produced by lasing aorta in 0.9% saline or blood were not statistically different.
The first evidence about conceptual vs analytical lean healthcare research studies (2020)

There is a lack of articles comparing conceptual and analytical studies concerning lean healthcare. So, this study's relevance is in identifying theoretical and applied research gaps to strengthen the lean healthcare state of the art and to integrate theoretical-applied knowledge. For healthcare professionals, it might provide an overview of the key factors that can promote lean implementation.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Targeted Multifunctional Photosensitizers for Bladder Cancer Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy (2019)

The in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of iodinated photosensitizers (PSs) with and without an erlotinib moiety was investigated in UMUC3 [epidermal growth factor (EGFR)-positive] and T24 (EGFR-low) cell lines and tumored mice. Both the erlotinib-conjugated PSs 3 and 5 showed EGFR target specificity, but the position-3 erlotinib-PS conjugate 3 demonstrated lower photodynamic therapy efficacy than the corresponding non-erlotinib analogue 1, whereas the conjugate 5 containing an erlotinib moiety at position-17 of the PS showed higher tumor uptake and long-term tumor cure (severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing UMUC3 tumors). PS-erlotinib conjugates in the absence of light were ineffective in vitro and in vivo, but robust apoptotic and necrotic cell death was observed in bladder cancer cells after exposing them to a laser light at 665 nm. In contrast to <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose, a positron emission tomography agent, the position-17 erlotinib conjugate (<sup>124</sup>I-analogue 6) showed enhanced UMUC3 tumor contrast even at a low imaging dose of 15 μCi/mouse.
Tall square pyramidal Title kilns with of Chapter cowls (2021)

Square pyramidal kilns built alongside the stowage a major change in the 18<sup>th</sup> century. Arthur Young and William Marshall both important descriptive writers on agriculture included accounts of hops and hop drying. A hopper built inside the external walls of a square kiln channelled heat more efficiently to the drying floor. A description of several different styles of hopper kiln at Marshborough, Kent. By the end of the 18<sup>th</sup> century large oasts with up to 6 square kilns and three floors in the stowage were built. But square kilns did not reach the West Midlands until the 19<sup>th</sup> century. Cowls became widespread: the design and construction are illustrated. An alternative model placed the square kilns in a row along the stowage, for example at Chartham, Kent. The oast at Great Dixter, Sussex is described.
Dynamic Control of Rotating Stall in Axial Flow Compressors Using Aeromechanical Feedback (1994)

Dynamic control of rotating stall in an axial flow compressor has been implemented using aeromechanical feedback. The control strategy developed used an array of wall jets, upstream of a single-stage compressor, which were regulated by locally reacting reed valves. These reed valves responded to flowfield pressure perturbations associated with the small amplitude perturbations that precede rotating stall. The valve design was such that the combined system, compressor plus reed valve controller, was stable under operating conditions that had been unstable without feedback. A 10% decrease in the stalling flow coefficient was achieved using the control strategy, and the stable flow range was extended with no noticeable change in the steady state performance of the compression system. The experimental demonstration is the first use of aeromechanical feedback to extend the stable operating range of an axial flow compressor. It is also the first use of local feedback and dynamic compensation techniques to suppress rotating stall. The design of the experiment was based on a two-dimensional stall inception model which incorporated the effect of the aeromechanical feedback. The physical mechanism for rotating stall in axial flow compressors was examined with focus on the role of dynamic feedback in stabilizing compression system instability. The effectiveness of the aeromechanical control strategy was predicted, and experimentally demonstrated, to depend on a set of non-dimensional control parameters that determine the interaction of the control strategy and the rotating stall dynamics.
Screening techniques for prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer in the average-risk population. (2007)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, with more than 1,000,000 new cases and 500,000 deaths occurring annually. CRC has a natural history of transition from normal mucosa through adenoma to malignant lesion that spans, on average, 15 to 20 years, providing a window of opportunity for effective prevention and intervention through routine screening. The optimal screening strategy for the average-risk population aged >/= 50 years remains the subject of debate, however. Endoscopic screening is undoubtedly the most effective screening method, and is also therapeutic since it permits polyp removal. The simplest and best-evaluated available screening method is the fecal occult blood test, which is relatively inexpensive and noninvasive, but less accurate than colonoscopy. This method detects cancer at an early stage but, since precancerous polyps rarely bleed, it is not suitable for disease prevention. Compliance with current screening methods is a major barrier to optimal prevention. Several new screening modalities, such as self-navigating colonoscopes, prepless virtual colonoscopy, and stool genetic testing, may improve compliance. Until these technologies are available or shown to be appropriate for routine screening, however, conventional colonoscopy remains the most efficient method for CRC screening and prevention.
High‐Temperature Creep Properties of an Additively Manufactured Y2O3 Oxide Dispersion‐Strengthened Ni–Cr–Al–Ti γ/γ’ Superalloy (2022)

The effects of the modification of a high‐γ' Ni–8.5Cr–5.5Al–1Ti (wt%) model superalloy with 0.5 wt% Y 2 O 3 , manufactured by laser powder bed fusion, on the microstructure and compressive creep resistance, are investigated. Compared with the base alloy, the oxide dispersion‐strengthened (ODS) alloy exhibits 8–10 times slower creep rates at 800 °C, over a wide range of compressive stresses (35–250 MPa). Two creep regimes are observed: diffusional creep, hypothesized to be due to grain boundary sliding, and dislocation creep, with stress exponents n of 2 and 5, respectively. Compared with the horizontal direction, the vertical build direction is characterized by lower creep rates, due to the vertically elongated grain structure. Nonetheless, the ODS alloy's weakest (horizontal) direction shows better creep resistance than the non‐ODS alloy in its strongest (vertical) direction, despite a higher number of as‐built defects (slag, cracks) in the ODS alloy. The strengthening potential of ODS modification of additively manufactured nickel‐based superalloys is thus demonstrated. The development of successful commercial ODS nickel superalloys for additive manufacturing processing requires further additions of grain boundary strengthening elements as the dispersoids do not significantly increase the grain boundary strength, as their cracking is prevalent in the ODS alloy.
THEORETICAL STUDIES IN BASIC RADIATION CHEMISTRY (1962)

Abstract : Studies were concerned with the problem of specifying the distribution of excited ions and molecules formed in gas phase radiation chemical systems. The principle emphasis was placed on developing and improving a satisfactory theory of the unimolecular reactions of excited polyatomic molecule-ions; establishing the validity of the theory by comparing calculated results with published experimental data; and extending the theory for application to radiation chemistry. Consideration was also given to the problem of specifying the electron energy distribution producing the excitation and ionization in an irradiated gas phase system. Theoretical results are presented for propane, n-butane, and iso-butane. (Author)
Resonance hyper-Raman excitation profiles of a donor-acceptor substituted distyrylbenzene: One-photon and two-photon states (2005)

Resonance Raman and resonance hyper-Raman spectra of the "push-pull" conjugated molecule 1-(4'-dihexylaminostyryl)-4-(4"-nitrostyryl)benzene in acetone have been measured at excitation wavelengths from 485 to 356 nm (two-photon wavelengths for the nonlinear spectra), resonant with the first two bands in the linear absorption spectrum. The theory of resonance hyper-Raman scattering intensities is developed and simplified using assumptions appropriate for intramolecular charge-transfer transitions of large molecules in solution. The absorption spectrum and the Raman, hyper-Rayleigh, and hyper-Raman excitation profiles, all in absolute intensity units, are quantitatively simulated to probe the structures and the one- and two-photon transition strengths of the two lowest-energy allowed electronic transitions. All four spectroscopic observables are reasonably well reproduced with a single set of excited-state parameters. The two lowest-energy, one-photon allowed electronic transitions have fairly comparable one-photon and two-photon transition strengths, but the higher-energy transition is largely localized on the nitrophenyl group while the lower-energy transition is more delocalized.