gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-1B -511 Polymorphism Is Associated With Increased Risk of Certain Subtypes of Gastric Cancer in Chinese: A Case–Control Study (2009)

IL-1B polymorphism influences certain subtypes of gastric cancer according to the clinical and pathological features. Understanding the etiologic heterogeneity of gastric cancer may result in improvements in controlling this disorder.
Collisional Line Broadening Using Laser Excitation and Ionization (1977)

A laser excitation and ionization process is used to measure Cs-Ar interaction forces at long range. With energy densities of 1 J/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, nonlinear excitation persists as far out as 70 \AA{} at one atmosphere of Ar. This method provides extreme sensitivity (even single absorption events can be measured) which allows absolute measurements on the very far wing where absorption or fluorescence becomes vanishingly small.
Recent Advances in Mastocytosis Research (1999)

The term mastocytosis denotes a heterogenous group of disorders characterized by abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells in one or more organs. Cutaneous and systemic variants of the disease have been described. Mast cell disorders have also been categorized according to other aspects, such as family history, age, course of disease, or presence of a concomitant myeloid neoplasm. However, so far, generally accepted disease criteria are missing. Recently, a number of diagnostic (disease-related) markers have been identified in mastocytosis research. These include the mast cell enzyme tryptase, CD2, and mast cell growth factor receptor c-kit (CD117). Several gain-of-function-mutations in the kinase domain of c-kit appear to occur in mastocytosis supporting the clonal (neoplastic) nature of the disease. Also, certain point mutations appear to be associated with distinct variants of mastocytosis, i.e. Asp-816-->Val with a subset of sporadic persistent (systemic) mastocytosis (mostly adults), and Gly-839-->Lys with (a subset of) typical pediatric (mostly cutaneous) mastocytosis. Another potential indicator of mast cell neoplasm is the T-/NK-cell-associated marker CD2. This antigen (LFA-2) is abnormally expressed on neoplastic mast cells in cases of systemic mastocytosis or mast cell leukemia, but not found on normal mast cells. The mast cell enzyme tryptase is increasingly used as a serum- and immunohistochemical marker to estimate the actual spread of disease (burden of neoplastic mast cells). The clinical significance of novel mastocytosis markers is currently under investigation. First results indicate that they may be useful to define reliable criteria for the delineation of the disease.
A Node Identity Internetworking Architecture (2006)

The Internet consists of independent networks that belong to different administrative domains and vary in scope from personal area networks, private home networks, corporate networks to ISP and global operator networks. These networks may employ different technologies, communications mediums, addressing realms and may have widely different capabilities. The coming years will add a significant level of dynamic behavior, such as mobile nodes and moving networks, which the Internet must support. At the same time, there is a need to address the increasing levels of harmful traffic and denial-of-service attacks. The existing Internet architecture does not support dynamic behavior or secure communication to a sufficient degree. This paper outlines a node-identity-based internetworking architecture that allows heterogeneous networks to work together without loss of functionality. Some of techniques employed in this architecture include reliance on cryptographic node identifiers, identity routers and localized addressing realms.
Validation of target engagement using 18F-fluoroestradiol PET in patients undergoing therapy with selective estrogen receptor degrader, ARN-810 (GDC-0810) (2015)

565 Objectives ARN-810 is a novel, potent ERα antagonist and degrader that is being developed for the treatment of postmenopausal women with ER+ advanced breast cancer. We apply ligand displacement PET with 18F-Fluoroestradiol (FES) to validate ER target engagement. Methods This data was obtained as part of a multicenter, Phase I, dose-finding, safety and pharmacokinetic clinical trial of ARN-810 in women with advanced or metastatic ER+ breast cancer. Baseline imaging prior to initiation of ARN-810 was performed for all patients. Each patient subsequently underwent either PET imaging at peak or trough plasma concentration of continuous daily dosing, orally administered ARN-810 to confirm duration of receptor engagement. Mean and maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmean and SUVmax) for up to five index FES avid lesions were recorded for each scan. Threshold for FES avidity was SUVmax≥1.5; SUVmax was corrected for physiologic background (SUVmax_corr). SUVmax_corr was defined as SUVmax(lesion)-SUVmax(background). Change in uptake for each FES avid site was defined as (preSUVmax_corr - postSUVmax_corr)/preSUVmax_corr. Median change for each time point was calculated by aggregating the percentage change across individual FES avid lesions. Results Thirty patients underwent baseline and inter-treatment imaging. Mean time for peak concentration PET scanning was 7 hours (range 2-12 hours), while mean time for trough concentration PET scanning was 20 hours (range 18-24 hours). Number of FES avid lesions on baseline scan ranged from 1 to greater than 10. SUVmax of FES avid lesions ranged from 1.5 to 17.2. All except 3 post-therapy 18-FES scan showed complete or near complete (>90%) suppression of FES uptake to background levels. Conclusions FES-PET/CT successfully demonstrates target engagement in clinical trials of ARN-810. Research Support This study was sponsored by Seragon/Genentech.
Concentration Distribution in Supersonic Flow Recirculation Region (2008)

Flameholding in supersonic flow depends on the local conditions in the recirculation region and the mass transfer into and out of this region. Large gradients in local gas composition and temperature exist in the recirculation region; hence, stability parameter correlations developed for premixed flames cannot be used to determine the blowout stability limits for nonpremixed flames encountered in practical devices. In the present investigation, mixture samples were extracted at different locations in the recirculation region and shear layer formed behind a rearward-facing step and were analyzed by a mass spectrometer to determine the distribution of species concentration in the region. Both nonreacting flow tests and combustion experiments were performed for a range of fuel-related parameters such as injection location, injection pressure, and fuel type. The difference between the local fuel mole fraction within the recirculation region determined from mass spectrometry and the global fuel mole fraction based on the total moles of air and fuel injected was identified. Planar-laser-induced fluorescence was used in nonreacting cases to provide a two-dimensional image of fuel distribution and complement the mass spectrometry measurements. Differences between local concentrations and estimates based on overall global injected mass flows were large, amounting to an order of magnitude. This implies significant differences in flame stability limits of a nonpremixed flame in supersonic flow compared to premixed flame.
Recurrent Neural Network-based Model for Accelerated Trajectory Analysis\n in AIMD Simulations (2019)

The presented work demonstrates the training of recurrent neural networks\n(RNNs) from distributions of atom coordinates in solid state structures that\nwere obtained using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. AIMD\nsimulations on solid state structures are treated as a multi-variate\ntime-series problem. By referring interactions between atoms over the\nsimulation time to temporary correlations among them, RNNs find patterns in the\nmulti-variate time-dependent data, which enable forecasting trajectory paths\nand potential energy profiles. Two types of RNNs, namely gated recurrent unit\nand long short-term memory networks, are considered. The model is described and\ncompared against a baseline AIMD simulation on an iridium oxide slab. Findings\ndemonstrate that both networks can potentially be harnessed for accelerated\nstatistical sampling in computational materials research.\n
The failure mechanism of nano-sized Si-based negative electrodes for lithium ion batteries (2011)

Understanding the failure mechanism of silicon based negative electrodes for lithium ion batteries is essential for solving the problem of low coulombic efficiency and capacity fading on cycling and to further implement this new very energetic material in commercial cells. To reach this goal, several techniques are used here: post mortem7Li MAS NMR and SEM, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and three-electrode-based electrochemical analysis. 7Li MAS NMR analyses of the charged batteries demonstrate that the major part of the lithium lost during the charge of batteries is not trapped in LixSi alloys but instead at the surface of the Si particles, likely as a degradation product of the liquid electrolyte. Observed by SEM, a dead electrode has a thick “SEI” layer at its surface. EIS and incremental capacity analyses demonstrate that the growth of this layer is responsible for the failure of the electrode through a continuous decrease of its active surface area associated with a rise of the electrode polarization. It is demonstrated that the main cause of capacity fade of Si-based negative electrodes is the liquid electrolyte degradation in the case of nano Si-particles formulated with the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder. This degradation results in the formation of a blocking layer on the active mass, which further inhibits lithium diffusion through the composite electrode.
Chocolate: food as medicine/medicine as food - Discussion (2001)

Cocoa and chocolate products have been delicacies for hundreds of years. Only recently have they been recognized as significant sources of phytochemicals with healthful effects. These foods are among the most concentrated sources of the procyanidin flavonoids, catechin and epicatechin. Recent studies have shown that these polyphenols are absorbed from the intestine of animals and humans with epicatechin absorbed much more than catechin. These flavonoids have potent antioxidant and antiplatelet activities following consumption of cocoa or chocolate.
Infection of human urethral epithelium with Neisseria gonorrhoeae elicits an upregulation of host anti-apoptotic factors and protects cells from staurosporine-induced apoptosis (2003)

In order to better understand the host response to an infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, microarray technology was used to analyse the gene expression profile between uninfected and infected human urethral epithelium. The anti-apoptotic genes bfl-1, cox-2 and c-IAP-2 were identified to be upregulated approximately eight-, four- or twofold, respectively, following infection. Subsequent assays including RT-PCR, real time RT-PCR and RNase protection confirmed the increased expression of these apoptotic regulators, and identified that a fourth anti-apoptotic factor, mcl-1, is also upregulated. RT-PCR and RNase protection also showed that key pro-apoptotic factors including bax, bad and bak do not change in expression. Furthermore, our studies demonstrated that infection with the gonococcus partially protects urethral epithelium from apoptosis induced by the protein kinase inhibitor, staurosporine (STS). This work shows that following infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, several host anti-apoptotic factors are upregulated. In addition, a gonococcal infection protects host cells from subsequent STS-induced death. The regulation of host cell death by the gonococcus may represent a mechanism employed by this pathogen to survive and proliferate in host epithelium.
Numerical investigation of interface region flows in mass spectrometers: ion transport (2004)

The transport of free ions through highly under-expanded jet flows of neutral gases and in the presence of applied electric fields is investigated by continuum-based numerical simulations. In particular, numerical results are described that are relevant to ion flows occurring in the interface region of mass spectrometer systems. A five-moment mathematical model and parallel multi-block numerical solution procedure are developed for predicting the ion transport. The model incorporates the effects of ion–neutral collision processes and is used in conjunction with a Navier–Stokes model and flow solver for the neutral gas to examine the key features of the ion motion. The influences of the neutral gas flow, electric field, and flow field geometry on ion mobility are all carefully assessed. Several ions of varying mass and charge are considered, and the relative importance of competing effects (i.e. electric field and ion–neutral collision effects) is discussed. The capability of controlling the charged particle motions through a combination of directed neutral flow and applied electric field is demonstrated for high-speed, hypersonic jet flows.
Experimental validation of specificity of the squamous cell carcinoma antigen-immunoglobulin M (SCCA-IgM) assay in patients with cirrhosis (2009)

The equivalence of both SCCA-IgM assays and the absence of reactivity not related to immune complexes support the analytical specificity of SCCA-IgM measurements. The results validate the assessment of SCCA-IgM for prognostic purposes in patients with cirrhosis.
Differential vulnerability of thalamic nuclei in multiple sclerosis (2022)

Thalamic nuclei closest to the third ventricle are more affected, with cognitive consequences.
A FET analogue switch for pulsed NMR receivers (1973)

A low-noise FET analogue switch is described which has been used to deal with some of the problems encountered in optimizing the design of a probe for a pulsed NMR spectrometer intended for work on solids. The switch circuit has been used in association with two spectrometers, one for microsecond RF pulses and the other for RF pulsewidths of up to 1 s. In each case the resolution time achieved was limited by the transmitter coil ring down. The switch has negligible insertion loss when on and 84 dB attenuation at 15 MHz when off, thus affording good protection of the receiver system.
Integrating Systems Engineering Into the USAF Academy Capstone Gas Turbine Engine Course (2011)

This paper is intended to serve as a template for incorporating technical management majors into a traditional engineering design course. In 2002, the Secretary of the Air Force encouraged the United States Air Force (USAF) Academy to initiate a new interdisciplinary academic major related to systems engineering. This direction was given in an effort to help meet the Air Force’s growing need for “systems” minded officers to manage the development and acquisition of its ever more complex weapons systems. The curriculum for the new systems engineering management (SEM) major is related to the “engineering of large, complex systems and the integration of the many subsystems that comprise the larger system” and differs in the level of technical content from the traditional engineering major. The program allows emphasis in specific cadet—selected engineering tracks with additional course work in human systems, operations research, and program management. Specifically, this paper documents how individual SEM majors have been integrated into aeronautical engineering design teams within a senior level capstone course to complete the preliminary design of a gas turbine engine. As the Aeronautical Engineering (AE) cadets performed the detailed engine design, the SEM cadets were responsible for tracking performance, cost, schedule, and technical risk. Internal and external student assessments indicate that this integration has been successful at exposing both the AE majors and the SEM majors to the benefits of “systems thinking” by giving all the opportunity to employ SE tools in the context of a realistic aircraft engine design project.
Structure–Activity Relationship of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotides as Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase (CD73) Inhibitors (2019)

Cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73) converts adenosine 5'-monophosphate to immunosuppressive adenosine, and its inhibition was proposed as a new strategy for cancer treatment. We synthesized 5'- O-[(phosphonomethyl)phosphonic acid] derivatives of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides, which represent nucleoside diphosphate analogues, and compared their CD73 inhibitory potencies. In the adenine series, most ribose modifications and 1-deaza and 3-deaza were detrimental, but 7-deaza was tolerated. Uracil substitution with N<sup>3</sup>-methyl, but not larger groups, or 2-thio, was tolerated. 1,2-Diphosphono-ethyl modifications were not tolerated. N<sup>4</sup>-(Aryl)alkyloxy-cytosine derivatives, especially with bulky benzyloxy substituents, showed increased potency. Among the most potent inhibitors were the 5'- O-[(phosphonomethyl)phosphonic acid] derivatives of 5-fluorouridine (4l), N<sup>4</sup>-benzoyl-cytidine (7f), N<sup>4</sup>-[ O-(4-benzyloxy)]-cytidine (9h), and N<sup>4</sup>-[ O-(4-naphth-2-ylmethyloxy)]-cytidine (9e) ( K<sub>i</sub> values 5-10 nM at human CD73). Selected compounds tested at the two uridine diphosphate-activated P2Y receptor subtypes showed high CD73 selectivity, especially those with large nucleobase substituents. These nucleotide analogues are among the most potent CD73 inhibitors reported and may be considered for development as parenteral drugs.
On‐Chip Energy Storage: Integration of Electrochemical Microsupercapacitors with Thin Film Electronics for On‐Chip Energy Storage (Adv. Mater. 25/2019) (2019)

In article number 1807450, Khaled N. Salama, Husam N. Alshareef, and co-workers describe the integration of on-chip electrochemical microsupercapacitors with thin-film electronics at the transistor level using a single electrode material (RuO2) for both. The functionality of the integrated devices is successfully demonstrated using alternating signals, which are properly stored, and used to power several electronic devices. Highly miniaturized microsupercapacitor–rectifier micropower units are produced as a result, which are suitable for self-powered sensor applications.
Spray Drying of Suspensions for Pharma and Bio Products: Drying Kinetics and Morphology (2009)

An experimental investigation of the spray drying behavior of droplets containing excipients and carrier materials used in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries has been conducted. Specifically, rice starch suspensions with different amounts of TiO2, maltodextrin, dextrin, NaCl and Na2SO4 are dried. The drying rate is measured, and the morphology formation is mapped to obtain a more fundamental understanding of the drying process, which is very useful when designing product formulations. In the pilot spray dryer, droplet generation is based on the JetCutter technology and the droplets are dried under well-defined temperature and flow conditions. The droplets are sampled during drying to determine the drying rate, and the dried particles are collected for morphology analysis. The results show that reducing the water activity in a suspension of insolubles by adding various amounts of inorganic salts or carbohydrates causes an increase in the droplet temperature during spray drying resulting in a rather constant the drying rate. Further, the results show that small alterations in the droplet composition may significantly change the final particle morphology. The observed morphologies are discussed in detail.
Lysis of Human Normal and Sarcoma Cells in Tissue Culture by Normal Human Serum: Implications for Experiments in Human Tumor Immunology (1977)

Sera from 8 of 9 patients with osteogenic sarcoma equally lysed autologous tissue-cultured cells of both skin and osteosarcoma in the presence of complement. Of 155 normal human sera tested, 103 (66%) lysed allogeneic normal ksin in tissue culture. These antibodies appeared more prevalent in younger (96% in ages 11-20 yr) than older (33% in ages 41-50 yr) humans. The presence of these "natural" antibodies against normal and malignant cells growing in tissue culture was possibly directed against components adsorbed to the cells during tissue culture or to "new" cell-surface antigens expressed by these cells grown in tissue culture. These non-tumor-related neoantigens on normal and malignant cells in tissue culture represented a potential source of confusion in studies of the serologic response of humans to tumors.
A putative HCO−3 transporter in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 79421 (1998)

Cyanobacteria possess an inducible mechanism which enables them to concentrate inorganic carbon (Ci) within the cells. An inactivation library was used to raise the high-CO2-requiring mutant of Synechococcus PCC 7942, IL-2, impaired in HCO3- transport. Analysis of the relevant genomic DNA detected several modifications, probably due to the single crossover recombination, leading to inactivation of ORF467 (designated ictB) in IL-2. IctB contains 10 trans-membrane regions and is homologous to several transport-related proteins from various organisms. Kinetic analyses of HCO3- uptake in the wild type and IL-2 suggested the presence of two or three HCO3- carriers exhibiting different affinities to HCO3-.
Enabling Chiplet Integration Beyond 7nm (Invited) (2021)

Summary form only given, as follows. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. For several decades, microelectronic industries and relevant academic communities have invested tremendous effort in developing electronics to introduce many breakthroughs and revolutions in packaging technologies and repetitive efforts to address traditional problems. In recent years, slowdown in Moore&#x0027;s law scaling and the challenging economics associated with adopting new silicon nodes has led to an industry emphasis on chipletbased architectures that require advanced packaging options ranging from MCM to CoWoS&#x00AE; for HPC, Networking, Cloud Services, Emulation and other applications. Advanced heterogeneous packaging based on 2.5D CoWoS&#x00AE;/3D/Fan-out/Optical or other platforms are required to address various Logic and memory integration. The inexorable push towards higher performance &#x201C;system in package&#x201D; solutions coupled with silicon technology scaling and cost challenges is expected to stretch the heterogeneous packaging boundaries much further. Thermal solution is also becoming an active area of focus as the power levels are expected to push well beyond 500W. In this presentation, we will examine latest heterogeneous packaging industry trends, challenges and considerations from a product perspective. Heterogeneous integration of chiplet or stacked dies in a single package, leads to ever-increasing localization of heat and thermo-mechanical reliability challenges with the package and board integration. We will also touch upon some of trends and challenges in these areas and interplay with the package.