gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cryptococcus neoformans differently regulates B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) expression on human monocytes (1998)

To induce a specific response in primary resting T cells, two signals must be provided by antigen-presenting cells (APC). The first antigen-specific signal is mediated by formation of the T cell receptor major histocompatibility complex molecule ternary complexes. The second signal is delivered by interaction of either B7-1 or B7-2 expressed by APC with CD28 or CTLA-4 on T cells. In this study, we examined the modulation of B7-1 and B7-2 molecules on human monocytes exposed to encapsulated or acapsular Cryptococcus neoformans or Candida albicans. In our experimental system, C. albicans or acapsular C. neoformans are able to induce B7-1 expression while the encapsulated yeast is a poor stimulator. A modest increase of B7-2 expression was also observed after monocyte treatment with acapsular C. neoformans or C. albicans, while the encapsulated yeast was ineffective in inducing B7-2 molecules. Kinetic analysis showed the maximum expression of B7-1 after 24 to 48 h. Addition of the opsonic IgG1 mAb 2H1 to monocytes and C. neoformans significantly increased B7-1, but not B7-2, expression. The contribution of B7-1 and B7-2 co-stimulatory (CS) molecules to cryptococcal-specific T cell activation was analyzed and a substantial inhibition of T cell proliferation was observed. In this study we provide the first demonstration of fungal interference in the regulation of CS molecules. Our results suggest a potential mechanism for poor inflammatory responses observed in C. neoformans infections.
Monitoring Serum Digoxin Concentrations during Digoxin Immune Fab Therapy (1991)

Measurement of serum digoxin concentrations (SDCs) is used routinely in the diagnosis of digoxin toxicity. Following administration of the antidote, digoxin immune antigen binding fragments (Fab), SDC monitoring is hampered by assay-related problems because of the presence of Fab in the serum. Recent evidence has suggested several available methods to monitor free SDC during Fab therapy. This report describes the utility of monitoring free SDC following Fab administration. Free SDCs were obtained using an ultrafiltration and fluorescence polarization immunoassay system in three patients over periods of up to 204 hours after Fab administration. In each case, the decline in free SDC was temporally related to the resolution of digoxin toxicity; in one case, digoxin intoxication recurred and was associated with a rebound increase in free SDC. In addition to the therapeutic benefits, prospective monitoring of free SDC in two of the patients also may have resulted in cost savings secondary to reduced hospital stay or less use of Fab.
Binary authentication signatures integrity standard: System file integrity for the masses (1994)

Thrusted software plays a central role in computer security, yet straightforward methods for authentication of installed software are lacking in the marketplace. This paper argues for a vendor-supported standard for the generation and publication of strong digital signature for all vendor-supplied system files. Progress in the design and adoption of a proposed standard is discussed.
Lawyers and the Juvenile Court (1957)

Report of the Subcommittee to the National Council Boston, Massachusetts, June 1956
Characterization of linear and nonlinear carrier generation in silicon nano-waveguides at 1550 nm (2018)

We characterize the generation of free-carriers in a silicon strip nano-waveguide at 1550 nm performing pump-and-probe measurements. Compared with bulk silicon, we identified a higher effective two-photon absorption coefficient and a significant carrier-generation via single-photon absorption.
Efficient decoding of Reed-Solomon codes beyond half the minimum distance (2000)

A list decoding algorithm is presented for [n,k] Reed-Solomon (RS) codes over GF(q), which is capable of correcting more than [(n-k)/2] errors. Based on a previous work of Sudan (see J. Compl., vol.13, p.180-93, 1997), an extended key equation (EKE) is derived for RS codes, which reduces to the classical key equation when the number of errors is limited to [(n-k)/2]. Generalizing Massey's (1969) algorithm that finds the shortest recurrence that generates a given sequence, an algorithm is obtained for solving the EKE in time complexity O(l/spl middot/(n-k)/sup 2/), where l is a design parameter, typically a small constant, which s an upper bound on the size of the list of decoded codewords. (The case l=1 corresponds to classical decoding of up to [(n-k)/2] errors where the decoding ends with at most one codeword.) This improves on the time complexity O(n/sup 3/) needed for solving the equations of Sudan's algorithm by a naive Gaussian elimination. The polynomials found by solving the EKE are then used for reconstructing the codewords in time complexity O((llog/sup 2/l)k(n+llogq)) using root-finders of degree-l univariate polynomials.
Supplementary Data from Discovery of Candidate DNA Methylation Cancer Driver Genes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1 to S7 and Supplementary Notes.&lt;/p&gt;
Fan-out enabled spin wave majority gate (2021)

By its very nature, Spin Wave (SW) interference provides intrinsic support for Majority logic function evaluation. Due to this and the fact that the 3-input Majority (MAJ3) gate and the Inverter constitute a universal Boolean logic gate set, different MAJ3 gate implementations have been proposed. However, they cannot be directly utilized for the construction of larger SW logic circuits as they lack a key cascading mechanism, i.e., fan-out capability. In this paper, we introduce a novel ladder-shaped SW MAJ3 gate design able to provide a maximum fan-out of 2 (FO2). The proper gate functionality is validated by means of micromagnetic simulations, which also demonstrate that the amplitude mismatch between the two outputs is negligible proving that an FO2 is properly achieved. Additionally, we evaluate the gate area and compare it with SW state-of-the-art and 15nm CMOS counterparts working under the same conditions. Our results indicate that the proposed structure requires 12x less area than the 15 nm CMOS MAJ3 gate and that at the gate level the fan-out capability results in 16% area savings, when compared with the state-of-the-art SW majority gate counterparts.
Multicomponent Quantification of Diastereomeric Hexosamine Monosaccharides Using Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry (1999)

A rapid means of stereochemical differentiation and quantification for the hexosamine monosaccharides was achieved using electrospray ionization quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. The hexosamine monosaccharides, glucosamine, galactosamine, and mannosamine, were derivatized with [Co(DAP)2Cl2]Cl, and the complex [Co(DAP)2(HexNH2)]Cl was generated. Subjecting this complex to collision-induced dissociation provided a unique product ion spectrum for each of the diastereomeric monosaccharide complexes, thus differentiating the stereoisomers. Furthermore, the stereoisomers were quantified. This was achieved by using the relative abundances of product ions from pure standards and using these values to determine the ratio of isomeric products in a mixture. The utility of this quantification method was demonstrated by successfully determining the composition of two- and three-component mixtures of the hexosamines.
Materials development and evaluation for the ceramic helical expander (1979)

The supporting role of the materials program for the ceramic helical expander program is described. The materials problems for this rotory expander in an extremely severe environment - a direct coal-fired Brayton topping cycle is defined. Readily available materials and methods are evaluated for possible solution to these material problems as well as initiating some longer-range studies to improve reliability. A preliminary screening of materials in hot coal-fired environments to select candidate materials and coating, was made, but there is a need to perform more detailed evaluations of these candidate materials-reaction-bonded silicon nitride (RBSN) and Si--Al--O--N (Sialon) system- and coatings-chemical-vapor-deposited silicon nitride (CVD-Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/) and CVD-Sialon. Termination of the helical expander program abruptly stopped the materials program during this evaluation.
Batch versus continuous blending of binary and ternary pharmaceutical powder mixtures (2022)

The material properties of excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredients (API's) are important parameters that affect blend uniformity of pharmaceutical powder formulations. With the current shift from batch to continuous manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry, blending of excipients and API is converted to a continuous process. The relation between material properties and blend homogeneity, however, is generally based on batch-wise blending trials. Limited information is available on how material properties affect blending performance in a continuous process. Here, blending of API and excipients is studied in both a batch and a continuous process. Homogeneity of the resulting mixtures is analyzed, which reveals that the impact of material properties is very different in a continuous process. Where parameters such as particle size, density and flowability have significant impact on blending performance in a traditional batch process, continuous blending is more robust resulting in uniform blends for a large variety of blend compositions.
Basic principles of solute transport (2009)

Abstract Chapter 4 covers the basic principles of solute transport, including characterization of fi lter performance in CRRT, transmembrane solute removal mechanisms, and kinetic considerations for different CRRT techniques.
Forced Response Variation of a Compressor Utilizing Blade Tip Timing, Strain Gages, and As-Manufactured Finite Element Models (2021)

Abstract The dynamic response of turbine engine components varies widely due to manufacturing deviations in the blades known as mistuning. This dynamic variation is investigated using a single stage compressor experimentally using both blade tip timing (BTT) and strain gage (SG) measurements and using as-manufactured finite element models (AMMs) on a 1st bend mode. Operational BTT and SG safety limits were generated using both averaged and AMM models via Goodman material properties. The predicted individual blade stress/deflection (S/D) ratios and strain gage ratios for this mode will be compared to the average finite element counterparts. Additionally, the correlation between BTT and SG's will be presented. This correlation will be performed using two approaches: blade maximum stress comparisons and measured response compared to the sensors safety limits. It will be shown that accounting for geometry with AMMs produce more accurate strain gage to BTT correlation compared to average models. An experimental model updating procedure is developed to increase the strain gage to BTT correlation by optimizing the location the BTT optical spot probes measure on the blade chord. Implementing this procedure using as-manufactured models are able to improve strain gage to BTT correlation.
Correction: Braun, T., et al. Expanding the Genetic Code for Site-Directed Spin-Labeling. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 373 (2021)

The authors wish to make the following two corrections to this paper [...].
Liquid crystal materials and devices : symposium held April 5-7, 1999, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. (1999)

Liquid crystal (LC) materials and devices play a central role in numerous established and emerging technologies. This book focuses on several large areas of research including polymer-dispersed liquid crystal technology and twisted smectic materials and applications, as well as nontraditional LC materials and applications. Various aspects of liquid crystal composite technology are featured. Of note is the work concentrating on the use of holography to imprint information into thin films of these systems. Three different approaches for employing holography with liquid crystal materials are discussed. In the ferroelectric liquid crystal arena, the intricacies of different chiral smectic-C architectures are described using detailed X-ray structural experiments on freestanding films. The differences between a molecule and a phase are explored. A number of nondisplay applications using this class of materials are presented and include topics such as adaptive optics, real-time holography and fiber-to-fiber interconnects. Also discussed are glass-forming liquid crystalline films and their ability to polarize photoluminescent emission, their utility in the fabrication of mid-wavelength infrared polarizers, and their utility in the fabrication of bistable electro-optical elements and broadband reflectors.
Osteogenic Differentiation: Efficient Single‐Dose Induction of Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells Using Multi‐Bioactive Hybrid Nanocarriers (Adv. Biosys. 11/2020) (2020)

In article number 2000123, João F. Mano, José Paulo S. Farinha, Carlos Baleizão, and co-workers present novel multi-bioactive mesoporous silica nanoparticles that release calcium, phosphate, and dexamethasone to induce osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with a single-dose administration and no further osteogenic supplementation. The process simplifies bone regeneration and offers excellent prospects to bio-instruct stem cells to differentiate in 3D environments. Cover based on the painting “Osteogenesis” by Ana Tristany.
Themed issue: Chemical transformations of nanoparticles (2011)

A graphical abstract is available for this content
First Demonstration of Real-Time End-to-End 40 Gb/s PAM-4 System using 10-G Transmitter for Next Generation Access Applications (2015)

&lt;p&gt;We demonstrate the first known experiment of a real-time end-to-end 40-Gb/s PAM-4 system for next generation access applications using 10G class transmitters only. Up to 25-dB upstream link budget for 20 km SMF is achieved.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary figure legends from Silencing Egr1 Attenuates Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in Normal Tissues while Killing Cancer Cells and Delaying Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure legends for supplementary figures&lt;/p&gt;
Scientific Demonstration Abstracts. Demonstration Abstracts: Tools for Medical Database Construction, Access, and Delivery: Spoken Input for Medical Diagnostic Systems (1990)

One of the major limitations of decision support systems has been the flexibility of the user interface. One possible mode of interaction that has not been heavily explored for decision support systems is the use of computer recognition of spoken language. We are exploring possible designs for spoken interfaces to medical diagnostic systems such as QMR. The goal of the project is to allow for a flexible mapping between the findings (signs, symptoms, laboratory results) that a particular physician has in mind with the specific terminology expected by the diagnostic system. We are using a combination of graphical prompting and spoken phrases to identify the specific findings that can be used in the differential diagnostic process. We have implemented one version of this approach using Hypercard and Voice Navigator (an isolated word speech-input system) on the Macintosh.
Cloning and expression of cytokine genes (2000)

Abstract Cytokines are proteins secreted into the extracellular fluid or are membrane exposed by a cell. There they exert their effects on the same cells (autocrine activity) or on neighbouring cells (paracrine activity) by interacting with specific receptors. Most cytokine proteins have, on a molar basis, very high biological activities (for instance, colony-stimulating factors are active at 10-11 to 10-13 M concentrations) which can usually be assayed in rapid, sensitive, and fairly specific in vitro test systems. These fast and simple detection systems have played a crucial role in cloning the corresponding cytokine genes by providing tools for either purification of the protein, the mRNA, or the direct detection of biologically active clones in cDNA expression libraries. Other cytokines, such as the strongly inducible chemokine family act in much higher concentrations (10-3 to 10-9 M) and have often been cloned by different techniques such as induction-specific differential hybridization or subtracted libraries. The mRNA of these molecules can represent 1% of the total poly(A)+ RNA after stimulation. Recently the phenomenon of in silica cloning has been introduced, due to the fact that nowadays computer technology allows searches of protein and DNA databases to be made for sequence similarities (1, 2). In this way several related cytokines and cytokine receptors have been identified in recent years.
Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales Isolated from Companion Animals in Korea (2021)

The emergence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is of great concern in both human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate ESC-resistant bacterial isolates from companion animals in South Korea between 2017 and 2019. Isolates with ESC resistance genes, which were identified by PCR, were assessed for genetic relatedness by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In total, 91 ESC-resistant <i>Escherichia coli, Klebsiella</i> spp., <i>Serratia</i> spp., and <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> isolates harbored the <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> gene. Among other ESC resistance genes, <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-15</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>CIT</sub>, and <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-55</sub> were predominantly detected in <i>E. coli</i> isolates, whereas <i>bla</i><sub>SHV</sub> and <i>bla</i><sub>DHA</sub> were more frequently detected in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolates. In addition, all <i>bla</i><sub>EBC</sub>-positive isolates were classified as <i>E. cloacae</i>. From the MLST results, <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-9</sub>-carrying ST131, <i>bla</i><sub>CIT</sub>-carrying ST405, and <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-1</sub>-carrying ST3285 strains were dominant among <i>E. coli</i> isolates. ST273 and ST275 strains harboring <i>bla</i><sub>SHV</sub> were frequently detected in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates. Various sequence types were obtained in <i>E. cloacae</i> and <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> isolates. All isolates demonstrated unique PFGE profiles (<57-98% similarity) and were unlikely to be derived from a single clone. The present study reveals the presence and wide genetic distribution of ESC-resistant bacterial species in South Korean companion animals.
Analgesic effects of JCM-16021 on neonatal maternal separation-induced visceral pain in rats. (2010)

JCM-16021 can attenuate visceral hypersensitivity, and this analgesic effect may be mediated through the serotonin signaling pathway in the colon of rats.
Multifunctional Composites: Optimizing Microstructures for Simultaneous Transport of Heat and Electricity (2002)

Composite materials are ideally suited to achieve multifunctionality since the best features of different materials can be combined to form a new material that has a broad spectrum of desired properties. Nature's ultimate multifunctional composites are biological materials. There are presently no simple examples that rigorously demonstrate the effect of competing property demands on composite microstructures. To illustrate the fascinating types of microstructures that can arise in multifunctional optimization, we maximize the simultaneous transport of heat and electricity in three-dimensional, two-phase composites using rigorous optimization techniques. Interestingly, we discover that the optimal three-dimensional structures are bicontinuous triply periodic minimal surfaces.
Tight Glycemic Control After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery in High-Risk Patient Populations (2014)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00443599.
Concussion in Professional Football: Neuropsychological Testing—Part 6 (2004)

Neuropsychological testing is used within the overall medical evaluation and care of NFL athletes. Players who experience MTBI generally demonstrate rapid recovery of neuropsychological performance, although poorer neuropsychological test results were related to on-field memory dysfunction. NFL players did not demonstrate evidence of neurocognitive decline after multiple (three or more) MTBIs or in those players out 7+ days. The data show that MTBI in this population is characterized by a rapid return of neuropsychological function in the days after injury.
Differential effects of angiotensin II and transforming growth factor beta on the production of heparan sulfate proteoglycan by mesangial cells in vitro. (1996)

This study approaches the question of whether angiotensin II (AngII) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) are important mediators for mesangial heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) production. This might explain the beneficial effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors observed in several kidney diseases independent from their hemodynamic effects. Metabolic-labeling studies revealed that AngII induced a decrease of HSPG synthesis with decreases in N-sulfation of the glycosaminoglycan side chains. ELISA measurements with a heparan sulfate (HS)-specific monoclonal antibody confirmed that AngII decreased HS production. AngII increased TGF-beta production in a dose-dependent fashion. Specific mRNA for the large basement membrane HSPG (perlecan) decreased, whereas mRNA for TGF-beta increased after incubation with AngII. Blockade of the Subtype 1 Ang-II receptor (ATR1) reversed both the effects of AngII on HSPG and TGF-beta production. Coincubation of the mesangial cells with neutralizing antibodies against TGF-beta significantly reduced the production of HS as compared with control and AngII. These results indicate that the decrease in HS synthesis induced by AngII is not mediated by an increase in TGF-beta, but on the contrary, the increase in TGF-beta partially counteracts the inhibition of HS production by AngII. Considering the important role of HSPG in maintaining the glomerular charge barrier, cell proliferation, and matrix interaction, downregulation of the production of this molecule by increased local AngII concentrations could have important consequences, such as albuminuria and matrix expansion.
Thermal groundwater use in urban areas - spatiotemporal scales and concepts (2011)

Over the last decades, the use of the urban subsurface and groundwater resources has increased significantly. Especially the use of groundwater for process and cooling purposes may result in considerable pressures on urban aquifers. Additionally, the extension of city infrastructures into the depth and the diffuse heat input of heated buildings have resulted in elevated groundwater temperatures in many urban areas. Therefore, for the sustainable development of urban subsurface resources, adequate management concepts are required. This includes the setup of tools that allow the investigation of the relevant spatiotemporal scales of processes that dominate groundwater flow and thermal regimes. An approach is presented, where data from high resolution depth-oriented temperature monitoring are incorporated into 3D numerical models that facilitate the simulation of groundwater flow and thermal regimes. The results form the basis for the development of concepts for the use of the urban subsurface for specific aquifer regions and future use scenarios.
Table S3 from A Four-Chemokine Signature Is Associated with a T-cell–Inflamed Phenotype in Primary and Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 3: Summary statistics for cellularity in 4-chemokinehi and 4-chemokinelo groups in primary resections&lt;/p&gt;
Multimorbidity and Mortality Models to Predict Complications Following Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (2022)

The new risk scoring models based on precatheterization variables and models including procedural and angiographic variables accurately predict in-hospital mortality, bleeding, acute kidney injury, and stroke. The ease of its application will provide useful prognostic and therapeutic information to both patients and physicians.