gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accuracy investigation of dual mode markers for navigated dental implant surgery with a new 3D realtime navigation system DENACAM (2018)

Dental implants are in 96% positioned free hand including a risk of suboptimal placement. A miniaturized navigation system has been developed to overcome these limitations by fixing two stereo cameras to the drill to guide the surgeon during implant insertion. The aim of the present study was to develop and analyse a dual-mode marker with a highly precise, high contrast optical pattern, visible by the camera system, on a precise substrate clearly identifiable on Cone Beam CT (CBCT) images and sterilisable. The marker was developed with a laser engraved optical pattern brought to a ceramic substrate containing two holes to ensure clear identification of the position of the marker within CBCT images. The substrate dimensions were verified with a micrometer gauge and compared to the expected tolerances. The position and angular error of the optical pattern on the substrate was analysed on optical microscope images. Six markers were exposed to 20 cleaning and steam sterilization cycles and changes were analysed on optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis was performed to study the percentage composition of the different elements. Substrate dimensions and angular errors remained always within the defined tolerances. Positioning errors were higher than the tolerances for some of the measurements. The error distribution indicates a systematic error. Results were reproducible over the samples. No changes could be observed visually on the optical microscope images between the initial marker and the 20th sterilization cycle. EDX results show slight percentage variations of the different elements between the different cycles. Fluctuations were most important for the carbon-content. A dual mode marker could be developed with a very accurate optical pattern very precisely positioned on a ceramic substrate making any marker calibration procedure un- necessary. Precision analysis confirmed a reproducible position of the pattern on the substrate, indicating a stable and robust process. Systematic errors can be corrected directly at the used Laser system. Cleaning and sterilization tests confirmed the stability of the dual-mode marker after cleaning and sterilization. The present study has shown that highly accurate, high contrast and robust markers can be manufactured using laser- engraving technology on ceramic substrates.
40 Gb/s integrated clock and data recovery circuit in a silicon bipolar technology (2002)

An integrated clock and data recovery circuit (CDR) applying the PLL technique has been developed for future optical transmission systems. It is fabricated in a 0.5 /spl mu/m/50 GHz f/sub T/ double-polysilicon bipolar technology using only production-like process steps. The circuit operates up to 40 Gb/s, which is the highest operating speed to date for this type of IC in a silicon bipolar technology.
3D cell cultures, as a surrogate for animal models, enhance the diagnostic value of preclinical in vitro investigations by adding information on the tumour microenvironment: a comparative study of new dual-mode HDAC inhibitors (2022)

Anchorage-independent 3D-cultures of multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTS) and in vitro microtumours of cancer cells can provide upfront information on the effects of anticancer drug candidates, tantamount to that obtained from animal xenograft studies. Unlike 2D cancer cell cultures, 3D-models take into account the influence of the tumour microenvironment and the location dependence of drug effects and accumulation. We exemplified this by comparison of the effects of two new dual-mode anticancer agents, Troxbam and Troxham, and their monomodal congeners SAHA (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid) and CA-4 (combretastatin A-4). We assessed the growth of MCTS of HCT116<sup>wt</sup> human colon carcinoma cells exposed to these compounds, as well as the spatial distribution of dead HCT116<sup>wt</sup> cells in these MCTS. Also, fluorescence imaging of live and fixed MCTS was used to assess the type of cellular death induced by test compounds. Furthermore, an innovative perfusion bioreactor system was used to grow microtumours in the presence or absence of test compounds. Both new investigational compounds led to significant reductions of the size of such MCTS and also of corresponding in vitro microtumours by inducing caspase-9 dependent apoptosis and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. 3D multicellular tumour spheroids are easy to grow and employ for compound tests in the familiar well-plate set-up. Together with 3D microtumours grown at scaffolds in continuously perfused bioreactors they allow to study, early on in the course of drug evaluations, the communication of tumour cells with their microenvironment to an extent hitherto available only in animal experiments.
Carcinogenicity of Organic Particulate Pollutants in Urban Air After Administration of Trace Quantities to Neonatal Mice (1967)

Epstein, S. S.; Joshi, S.; Andrea, J.; Mantel, N.; Sawicki, E.; Stanley, T.; Tabor, E. C.; E, R. E. Author Information
100-GHz Radio and Power Over Fiber Transmission Through Multicore Fiber Using Optical-to-Radio Converter (2017)

We designed and fabricated a 100-GHz range integrated photoreceiver with zero-bias operational uni-traveling-carrier photodiode and pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor amplifier, which performed the roles of photonic power generation and 100-GHz RF signal generation. Using the integrated photoreceiver, high data rate radio- and power-over-fiber transmission through multicore fiber communication was demonstrated. Subsequently, a bit error rate of 1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> could be achieved with 12 Gb/s, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, 16 quadrature amplitude modulation, and an intermediate frequency of 92 GHz. The crosstalk issue in radio- and power-over-fiber transmission through multicore fiber was discussed.
A submodule implementation for parallel connection of capacitors in modular multilevel converters (2013)

The modular multilevel converter is a suitable converter topology for high-voltage high-power applications and consists of series-connected submodules. Typically, these submodules are half-bridges with dc capacitors. A voltage ripple in the submodule capacitors is inevitable due to the current flowing in the arms. The converter should therefore be controlled in such a way that the capacitor voltages are kept balanced and close to their nominal values over time. This paper presents a new submodule circuit which alleviates the balancing of the capacitor voltages. The proposed submodule circuit consists of two capacitors and eight switches, forming a three-level submodule. Ideally, the voltage and current rating of the switches can be chosen such that the combined power rating of the semiconductors is the same as for equivalent half-bridge submodules. The proposed submodule circuit provides the possibility of connecting the two capacitors in parallel when the intermediate voltage level is used. This will reduce the capacitor voltage ripple, especially at low switching frequencies and thus allow for a reduction of the size, weight, and cost of the submodule capacitors. The proposed submodule circuit is validated by both simulation results and experiments on a laboratory prototype. It is found that the parallel connection of the submodule capacitors will, in fact, significantly improve the balancing of the capacitor voltages.
Activation of the human keratinocyte B1 bradykinin receptor induces expression and secretion of metalloproteases 2 and 9 by transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (2016)

The B1 bradykinin receptor (BDKRB1) is a component of the kinin cascade localized in the human skin. Some of the effects produced by stimulation of BDKRB1 depend on transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), but the mechanisms involved in this process have not been clarified yet. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a BDKRB1 agonist on wound healing in a mouse model and the migration and secretion of metalloproteases 2 and 9 from human HaCaT keratinocytes and delineate the signalling pathways that triggered their secretion. Although stimulation of BDKRB1 induces weak chemotactic migration of keratinocytes and wound closure in an in vitro scratch-wound assay, the BDKRB1 agonist improved wound closure in a mouse model. BDKRB1 stimulation triggers synthesis and secretion of both metalloproteases, effects that depend on the activity of EGFR and subsequent phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and PI3K/Akt. In the mouse model, immunoreactivity for both gelatinases was concentrated around wound borders. EGFR transactivation by BDKRB1 agonist involves Src kinases family and ADAM17. In addition to extracellular matrix degradation, metalloproteases 2 and 9 regulate cell migration and differentiation, cell functions that are associated with the role of BDKRB1 in keratinocyte differentiation. Considering that BDKRB1 is up-regulated by inflammation and/or by cytokines that are abundant in the inflammatory milieu, more stable BDKRB1 agonists may be of therapeutic value to modulate wound healing.
54.1: A Low‐Power SOG LCD with Integrated DACs and a DC‐DC Converter for Mobile Applications (2004)

Abstract A low‐power 262k‐color SOG (System‐On‐Glass) LCD has been developed for mobile applications. It is integrated with a DC‐DC converter and driver circuits that contain 6‐ bit DACs, and it consumes less than 5 mW in operations with a single voltage power supply of 2.5 V.
Preliminary Examination of the Thermophysical Bond of Insert-molded Poly (Carbonate)/C Fiber Composites (2000)

Abstract The adhesive strength of a thermophysical bond between two polymers has been examined using fracture mechanics. Bimaterial composite specimens were constructed by injecting C fiber poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) into a mold containing one-half of a pre-molded poly(carbonate) (PC) dogbone. The resulting specimens were notched at the interface and tested in tension. Adhesion of the two materials was reasonably good, as demonstrated by fracture surfaces that showed a mixture of PC and C fiber PEEK fragments. Interfacial fracture energy of the composite was approximately 1.5kJ/m2.
Influenza Virus Sequence Feature Variant Type Analysis: Evidence of a Role for NS1 in Influenza Virus Host Range Restriction (2012)

Genetic drift of influenza virus genomic sequences occurs through the combined effects of sequence alterations introduced by a low-fidelity polymerase and the varying selective pressures experienced as the virus migrates through different host environments. While traditional phylogenetic analysis is useful in tracking the evolutionary heritage of these viruses, the specific genetic determinants that dictate important phenotypic characteristics are often difficult to discern within the complex genetic background arising through evolution. Here we describe a novel influenza virus sequence feature variant type (Flu-SFVT) approach, made available through the public Influenza Research Database resource (www.fludb.org), in which variant types (VTs) identified in defined influenza virus protein sequence features (SFs) are used for genotype-phenotype association studies. Since SFs have been defined for all influenza virus proteins based on known structural, functional, and immune epitope recognition properties, the Flu-SFVT approach allows the rapid identification of the molecular genetic determinants of important influenza virus characteristics and their connection to underlying biological functions. We demonstrate the use of the SFVT approach to obtain statistical evidence for effects of NS1 protein sequence variations in dictating influenza virus host range restriction.
Eine Fluoreszenzsonde zur quantitativen Detektion der DNA-Polymerase-Reaktion in Echtzeit (2002)

Ein Assay für die Echtzeitdetektion der DNA-Synthese durch DNA-Polymerasen: Die mit Fortschreiten der enzymatischen DNA-Synthese ausgelöste Öffnung einer doppelt farbstoffmarkierten Sonde erzeugt ein Fluoreszenzsignal (siehe Schema) und ermöglicht dadurch die quantitative Charakterisierung von Inhibitoren sowie die Detektion der DNA-Polymerase-Reaktion in Zelllysaten im Hochdurchsatz.
Catalogue des Ascomycètes récoltés dans la Loire -2e partie : Leotiomycetes, Orbiliomycetes et affines (discomycètes inoperculés) (2005)

Deuxième partie du catalogue des Ascomycètes récoltés dans le département de la Loire, correspondant aux espèces appartenant aux classes Leotiomycetes, Orbiliomycetes et proches, anciennement nommées discomycètes inoperculés.
A multiscale model of the organ of Corti (2009)

The organ of Corti is the sensory epithelium in the cochlea of the inner ear. It is modeled as a shell-of-revolution structure with continuous and discrete components. Our recent work has been on the inclusion of the viscous fluid. Measurements from various laboratories provide the opportunity to refocus on the elastic properties. The current detailed model for the organ of Corti is reasonably consistent with diverse measurements. Most components have little stiffness in the propagation direction. However, the isotropic stiffness of the pillar heads is found to offer an explanation for the difference in point load and pressure measurements. The individual rows of inner hair cell stereocilia with tip links and the Hensen stripe are included, since these details are important for the determination of the neural excitation. The results for low frequency show a phase of tip link tension similar to auditory nerve measurements. The nonlinearity of fluid in the small gaps is considered. A result is that as amplitude increases, because of the near contact with the Hensen stripe, the excitation changes polarity, similar to the peak-splitting neural behavior sometimes observed.
Optically-Based Array Sensors for Selective In Situ Analysis of tank Waste (2000)

The objective of this research program is to conduct the fundamental research necessary to develop an array of chemically selective sensors, based on highly selective molecular recognition agents and highly sensitive fluorescence techniques, that can be coupled to fiber optics for remote analytical applications. These sensors will be of great value to DOE for the safe and cost-effective in situ characterization of high level waste tanks and other applications where remote sensing will prevent workers from being exposed to chemicals or radiation. The ability to detect and measure specific chemicals and radionuclides directly inside a high level waste tank using a remote sensing device could result in considerable benefits with regard to both cost savings and safety issues. In this approach to the design of sensors, agents for selective molecular recognition such as crown ethers are immobilized in an organic polymer matrix that mimics the organic medium in an aqueous nonaqueous extraction system.
Affective temperament, fatigue, and pain in cancer patients (2023)

Cancer related fatigue (CRF) and pain are debilitating conditions in cancer patients. Both have been associated with the personality or temperament and with the mental health status of patients. It remains unclear how these factors interact when combined in a single, comprehensive model. In this study, we used a multivariate network approach to gain a better understanding of their interconnection. We estimated a glasso and a relative importance network in a sample of 3923 cancer patients (mean age = 58.3 years; 50.5 % women) using visual analogue scales to assess CRF and pain, the HADS to assess anxiety and depression, and the TEMPS-M to assess affective temperament. While affective temperament showed bivariate associations with CRF and pain, it was only indirectly connected to them in the glasso network model, mediated through depression and to a smaller extent through anxiety. The relative importance network revealed that CRF and pain most strongly contributed to the prediction of each other, followed by depression and anxiety. Other variables including disease progression, type of therapy, and the tumor macroenvironment (patient income, educational level etc.) might influence the observed associations but were not considered in our analysis. Our analysis is based on cross-sectional data and causal interpretations should be done carefully. Temperament as predictor of CRF and pain seems of little importance when depression and anxiety are considered. Understanding the depression-fatigue-pain cluster as vicious cycle underlines the necessity to address all these conditions in parallel with a multimodal combination of treatments.
Design and Synthesis of Potent C2-Symmetric Diol-Based HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors:  Effects of Fluoro Substitution (2001)

Implementation of derivatized carbohydrates as C(2)-symmetric HIV-1 protease inhibitors has previously been reported. With the objective of improving the anti-HIV activity of such compounds, we synthesized a series of fluoro substituted P1/P1' analogues. These compounds were evaluated for antiviral activity toward both wild type and mutant virus. The potency of the analogues in blocking HIV-1 protease was moderate, with K(i) values ranging from 1 to 7 nM. Nonetheless, compared to the parent nonfluorous inhibitors, a majority of the compounds exhibited improved antiviral activity, for example the 3-fluorobenzyl derivative 9b, which had a K(i) value of 7.13 nM and displayed one of the most powerful antiviral activities in the cellular assay of the series. Our results strongly suggest that fluoro substitution can substantially improve antiviral activity. The X-ray crystal structures of two of the fluoro substituted inhibitors (9a and 9f) cocrystallized with HIV-1 protease are discussed.
Fundamental Study on Weld-bonding Method Using Induction Heating (2017)

The weld-bonding method uses adhesion and spot welding it has the advantages of high fatigue resistance, high rigidity, no need of a jig for adhesion, and so on. However, the conventional adhesive is an epoxy resin, which is cured by a chemical reaction. Therefore, the adhesive needs a long curing time. In an automobile assembly factory, the adhesive is cured by drying during the body painting process. The standby period before the drying process influences the quality of the adhesive. To solve this problem, we propose a new method that uses an epoxy resin with a thermal agent added and induction heating (IH) for quick curing. We obtained the fundamental data of IH coil heating steels for practical application of the new method. Based on the experimental and analytical results, suitable conditions regarding the frequency and IH coil position for automobile steel models were selected. Finally, we determined a semi-cured heating temperature for the adhesive of more than 120°C and IH coil movement of 10cm/s for practical application.
Synthesis of Ginsenoside Nanoparticles and Insilico Docking of Ginsenosides to SOD1 and TARDBP Targets in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (2015)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that attacks the motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord of healthy adults. The disease progresses rapidly and is fatal, leaving patients paralyzed and unable to breathe. The pathological determinants of disease progression remain poorly understood. Currently, there is no known cure or effective treatment available for ALS. But with the advances in technology, there has been enormous increase in the volume of the genetic data produced and - thus stored for analysis and interpretation. The present study is focused on one such usage of the data extracted from ALS Online Database (The study is based on the insilico approach for selecting appropriate targets and screening suitable ginsenoside, a herbal drug molecules against targets of ALS. The patient's data and their respective targets were obtained from ALS database. The selection of the targets, SOD1 and TARDBP is based on the reports and the frequency as well as the types of mutations occurring in the population under study.The structure of the targets was modeled using SWISSMODEL. About 50 ginsenoside and their derivative obtained from Pubchem compound database were screened and docked against the targets. Insilico results showed that in comparison to ginsenoside alone, combinations of two give better e- values with respect to SOD1. For preliminary characterization, the phytosome complex was subjected to microscopic and spectroscopic analysis. The phytosome complex was observed under the microscope at 100X magnification while LPC and ginsenoside Rg1 did not show any complex structures when observed individually. The OD of phytosome was 1.7 times greater than LPC revealing the formation of complex between LPC and ginsenoside Rg1.Thus, insilico results were used to minimize the number of ginesenosides to be used for phytosome complex synthesis.
Increased Myosin Light Chain 3f Content Restores Age‐Induced Slowing of Single Skeletal Muscle Fiber Contraction (2011)

Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass and impaired contractile functions (e.g. decline in force, velocity and power). Although these phenomena in aging muscle are well described, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for a decrease in contraction speed are not defined. Evidence suggests that the slowing of muscle contraction, as demonstrated by slower unloaded shortening velocity (Vo), is correlated with a decrease in relative myosin light chain 3f (MLC3f) content. In the current study, we first established recombinant adenovirus (rAd) gene transfer technology to increase MLC3f content in semimembranosus muscles of aged rats. We hypothesized that 1) age-induced decline in Vo would be associated with a decrease in relative MLC3f content and 2) increasing MLC3f content via rAd would restore Vo in myosin heavy chain (MHC) type II fibers. Vo (3.2±0.2 vs. 2.2±0.2 FL/s), %MLC3f (13.6±1.0 vs. 3.7±0.3%) and MLC3f/MLC2f ratio (0.28±0.04 vs. 0.10±0.01) decreased with age in type II single fibers. Increasing %MLC3f to 8.0% and MLC3f/MLC2f ratio to 0.20 via rAd provided significant protection against age-induced reduction in Vo without causing muscle damage or influencing single fiber diameter, force and MHC composition. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first data to demonstrate affirmative effects of MLC3f against slowing of contraction in aged skeletal muscle. RO1AG017768
Velocity Modulated Scanning Technique For The Elimination Of Ring Artifacts In X-Ray Computed Tomography (1986)

Rotate-rotate fan beam configuration commonly used in the third generation x-ray computed tomography scanners is susceptible to ring artifacts resulting from non-uniform detector response. A method which incorporates the relative variation of the angular velocities of the x-ray tube and the detector array is proposed. Simulation results utilizing the new technique are presented and compared with the third and fourth generation scanners.