gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct comparison of in-vivo and post-mortem spin-echo based diffusion tensor imaging in the porcine heart (2015)

Background Spin-echo based cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is highly sensitive to myocardial strain [1]. Imaging during systolic contraction requires precise planning of the sequence timing [2]. Second order motion compensated diffusion encoding has recently been proposed for small animal imaging [3] to reduce the impact of myocardial strain on the diffusion tensor. It is the objective of the present work to compare second order motion compensated spin-echo DTI of the in-vivo and post-mortem porcine heart on a clinical MR system.
Hydrogen generation from hydrolysis of sodium borohydride using Ni-Ru 2 nanocomposite as catalysts (2008)

Abstract 9 Magnetic Ni-Ru/50WX8 catalysts are synthesized with combined methods of conventional 10 chemical reduction method and electroless deposition. Catalysts can be easily recycled with 11 magnets owing to their intrinsic ferromagnetism. Thus, it is convenient to separate catalysts from 12 spent NaBH 4 solution for further recycling. Effect of temperature on catalyst performance is less 13 significant at higher temperature, which is beneficial to devices without good regulations on 14 temperature. A rate of hydrogen evolution as high as 150 ml min -1 g -1 could be reached at 25°C, 15 which, equivalently, can generate 15 W of power through a PEMFC. Different variables that affect 16 the rate of hydrogen production are investigated. Activation energy of hydrogen generation using 17 such catalysts is estimated at about 52.73 kJ mol -1 . 18 Keyword: hydrogen generation, catalyst, sodium borohydride, nickel, ruthenium. 19 20 Introduction 21 Renewable energy has attracted so much attention due to the ever-growing demands in 22 friendly environment, especially with the increase of population and green-house gas emissions in 23 the world. In addition, efficient sources of power for on-board energy generation on personal 24 electronic products are required, too. The proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a 25 promising attractive alternative power source because of its high energy conversion efficiency. 26 However, its demand on high purity of hydrogen is of the major concern, along with the problem 27 that such a PEMFC system could be dysfunctional because of poisoned catalyst in presence of 28 impurities [1]. Consequently, hydrogen generated from steam reforming of natural gas, the common 29 industrial process to produce hydrogen gas, is not suitable for feed to PEMFC devices due to 30 inevitable poisoning of proton exchange membrane owing to the byproducts of this process, such as 31 carbon monoxide. 32 For portable applications, high gravimetric and volumetric density of hydrogen storage is of 33 the major concern to the success of such applications. Among various hydrogen storage systems, 34 chemical hydrides are candidates with the greatest potentials in success, in terms of the low 35 operation pressure, less cost and less energy losses. Moreover, the hydrogen content existing in
Phenotypic variability in monozygotic twins with neurofibromatosis 2 (1996)

Mutations in the neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 22q12 cause a clinically variable autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VSs), other nervous system tumors, and early onset lenticular cataracts. We studied three pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins with NF2, all with bilateral VSs, to separate genetic from nongenetic causes of clinical variability. The evaluation included gadolinium-enhanced high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the head and spine, neuro-ophthalmic examination with slit lamp, physical examination, and zygosity testing with microsatellite markers. Each MZ pair was concordant for general phenotypic subtype (mild or severe) and often for the affected organ systems. However, the MZ pairs were discordant for some features of disease presentation or progression. For example, all three pairs were discordant for presence or type of associated cranial tumors. We hypothesize that phenotypic differences between NF2 MZ twins are at least partly due to stochastic processes, such as the loss of the second NF2 allele or alleles of other genes.
ChemInform Abstract: 4,5‐BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)URACIL (1977)

Abstract 4‐Chlormethyluracil (I) wird zu (IIa) chlormethyliert.
Defect Mode Lasing in metal-coated GaN Grating Structure at Room Temperature (2014)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. Chen, W. Hsu, W. Liao, M. Shih, and H. Kuo, "Defect Mode Lasing in metal-coated GaN Grating Structure at Room Temperature," in CLEO: 2014, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2014), paper JW2A.75. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Dually modulated photonic crystals enabling high-power high-beam-quality two-dimensional beam scanning lasers (2020)

Mechanical-free, high-power, high-beam-quality two-dimensional (2D) beam scanning lasers are in high demand for various applications including sensing systems for smart mobility, object recognition systems, and adaptive illuminations. Here, we propose and demonstrate the concept of dually modulated photonic crystals to realize such lasers, wherein the positions and sizes of the photonic-crystal lattice points are modulated simultaneously. We show using nano-antenna theory that this photonic nanostructure is essential to realize 2D beam scanning lasers with high output power and high beam quality. We also fabricate an on-chip, circuit-driven array of dually modulated photonic-crystal lasers with a 10 × 10 matrix configuration having 100 resolvable points. Our device enables the scanning of laser beams over a wide range of 2D directions in sequence and in parallel, and can be flexibly designed to meet application-specific demands.
Spectroscopic ellipsometry of SU‐8 photoresist from 190 to 1680 nm (0.740–6.50 eV) (2020)

SU‐8 is an important, epoxy‐based, negative photoresist that can create high aspect ratio features. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is a nondestructive analytical technique that can be performed in the open air. In this study, reflection and transmission SE measurement data were combined to model the optical function of SU‐8 photoresist. The data were fit using three different models: (i) a B‐spline model, (ii) a four‐Gaussian oscillator model with an ultraviolet (UV) and an infrared (IR) pole, and (iii) a Cody–Lorentz model with three additional Gaussian oscillators. All three models successfully fit the data, where the B‐spline model showed the lowest mean squared error. In situ SE data were also collected and fitted to follow possible changes in the optical properties of the SU‐8 during its development. Time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) modeling of a complete SU‐8 monomer is qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with the measured optical function.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The transcription factor STAT-1 couples macrophage synthesis of 25-hydroxycholesterol to the interferon antiviral response. (2013)

Recent studies suggest that the sterol metabolic network participates in the interferon (IFN) antiviral response. However, the molecular mechanisms linking IFN with the sterol network and the identity of sterol mediators remain unknown. Here we report a cellular antiviral role for macrophage production of 25-hydroxycholesterol (cholest-5-en-3β,25-diol, 25HC) as a component of the sterol metabolic network linked to the IFN response via Stat1. By utilizing quantitative metabolome profiling of all naturally occurring oxysterols upon infection or IFN-stimulation, we reveal 25HC as the only macrophage-synthesized and -secreted oxysterol. We show that 25HC can act at multiple levels as a potent paracrine inhibitor of viral infection for a broad range of viruses. We also demonstrate, using transcriptional regulatory-network analyses, genetic interventions and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments that Stat1 directly coupled Ch25h regulation to IFN in macrophages. Our studies describe a physiological role for 25HC as a sterol-lipid effector of an innate immune pathway.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 23273843 Funding information This work was supported by: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: BB/C5157712 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: BB/H001018/1 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HL67773 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL067773 Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom Grant ID: WT066784 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: BB/C5113561 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: BB/C511356/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: BB/H0010181 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: BB/C515771/2 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: BB/I0017351 British Heart Foundation, United Kingdom Grant ID: FS/05/022 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: BB/D019621/1 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Minimally invasive intracardiac intervention using high intensity focused ultrasound (2011)

This paper describes the development of a HIFU irradiation system with the goal of devising an intrauterine means of preventing hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) or balloon atrial septostomy (BAS). Four large confocal ultrasound transducers were adopted in a large animal experiment to simulate an intervention for the treatment of fetuses in utero.
BODIPY-Based Molecular Probe for Imaging of Cerebral β-Amyloid Plaques (2012)

We designed and synthesized a BODIPY-based probe (BAP-1) for the imaging of β-amyloid plaques in the brain. In binding experiments in vitro, BAP-1 showed excellent affinity for synthetic Aβ aggregates. β-Amyloid plaques in Tg2576 mouse brain were clearly visualized with BAP-1. In addition, the labeling of β-amyloid plaques was demonstrated in vivo in Tg2576 mice. These results suggest BAP-1 to be a useful fluorescent probe for the optical imaging of cerebral β-amyloid plaques in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Sex differences in plasma, adipose tissue, and central accumulation of cannabinoids, and behavioural effects of oral cannabis consumption in male and female C57BL/6 mice (2023)

Abstract Background Cannabis edibles are an increasingly popular form of cannabis consumption. Oral consumption of cannabis has distinct physiological and behavioural effects than injection or inhalation. An animal model is needed to understand the pharmacokinetics and physiological effects of oral cannabis consumption in rodents as a model for human cannabis edible use. Methods Adult male and female C57BL/6 mice received a single dose of commercially available cannabis oil (5 mg/kg THC) by oral gavage. At 0.5-, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-hours post-exposure, plasma, hippocampus, and adipose tissue was collected for THC, 11-OH-THC, and THC-COOH measures. Results We report delayed time to peak THC and 11-OH-THC concentrations in plasma, brain and adipose tissue, which is consistent with human pharmacokinetics studies. We also found sex differences in the cannabis tetrad: (1) female mice had a delayed hypothermic effect 6 hours post-consumption, which was not present in males; (2) females had stronger catalepsy than males; (3) males were less mobile following cannabis exposure, whereas female mice showed no difference in locomotion but an anxiogenic effect at 3h post exposure; and (4) male mice displayed a longer lasting antinociceptive effect of oral cannabis. Conclusions Oral cannabis consumption is a translationally relevant form of administration that produces similar physiological effects as injection or vaping administration and thus should be considered as a viable approach for examining the physiological effects of cannabis moving forward. Furthermore, given the strong sex differences in metabolism of oral cannabis, these factors should be carefully considered when designing animal studies on the effects of cannabis. Significance statement Oral delivery of cannabis oil in mice is a translational model that increases plasma, hippocampal, and adipose cannabinoids. Furthermore, oral cannabis and produces lasting psychoactive effects including sex dependent effects on hypothermia, cataplexy, locomotor activity and nociception.
Characterization of multilayer GaAs/AlGaAs transistor structures by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (1993)

Variable angle of incidence spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) has been implemented as a means of determining layer thickness, alloy composition, and growth quality of GaAs/AlGaAs samples composed of relatively thick layers as well as superlattices. The structures studied in this work contained GaAs/AlGaAs multilayers with a superlattice 'barrier' and were grown for later formation of modulation-doped field effect transistors (MODFETs). Sample modeling was performed by treating the superlattice as a bulk AlGaAs layer of unknown composition. Extremely good data fits were realized when five layer thicknesses and two alloy ratios were allowed to vary in a regression analysis. Room temperature excitonic effects associated with the e-hh(1), e-lh(1) and e-hh(2) transitions were observed in the VASE data.
Invention of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for enhancing drug permeability across the blood brain barrier (2008)

Novel polysaccharide-based nanogels containing poly(β-aminoester) and β-cyclodextrin were synthesized via Michael addition polymerization. The nanogels were hydrolytically degradable and sustained the release of doxorubicin (DOX) and insulin. The nanogels were not toxic to bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells (BBMVEC) at concentration of up to 500 μg·ml -1 and enhanced the permeability of insulin across the BBMVEC monolayer, an in vitro blood brain barrier (BBB) model, 20% higher.
Effect of Grain Boundary Segregation on the Hydrothermal Degradation of Dental 3Y‐TZP Ceramics (2015)

Two case studies, i.e. Y2O3 stabilizer-coated ZrO2 powder based Y-TZP and trivalent oxide doped 3Y-TZPs, clearly show that the hydrothermal aging behaviour of 3Y-TZP is highly influenced by the chemistry of the zirconia grain boundaries. 3Y-TZP ceramics based on Y2O3-coated ZrO2 starting powder are more aging resistant, compared to co-precipitated starting powder based equivalents. TEM investigation showed that Y3+ was more enriched at the grain boundary in Y2O3-coated 3Y-TZPs. Therefore, a stable ZrO2 grain boundary is critical to enhance the aging resistance of the TZP ceramic. More clear evidence is obtained by doping 3Y-TZP ceramics with a small amount of trivalent oxides (Al2O3, Sc2O3, Nd2O3 or La2O3) which have a different cation radius. Sc2O3-doped 3YTZP degraded fastest, although the ionic radius of Sc3+ was neither the largest nor the smallest. TEM investigation showed that Al3+, Nd3+ and La3+ segregated to the ZrO2 grain boundaries, whereas Sc3+ did not. Therefore, cation dopant segregation to the grain boundaries plays a key role in retarding the hydrothermal aging rate of 3Y-TZP ceramics. Furthermore, the hydrothermal stability increased with increasing dopant cation radius (La3+ > Nd3+ > Al3+). This difference should originate from a different binding energy of defect clusters [M'Zr •v..o] which in turn depends on the dopant cation radius and a different zirconia grain size.
Structural and Electrochemical Characterization of Li2MnSiO4 Cathode Material (2009)

The candidate cathode material Li2MnSiO4 for lithium-ion cells was synthesized by an all-acetate precursor sol/gel method under a reducing atmosphere at 600, 700, and 800 °C. The material prepared at 700 °C was a pure phase and had the structural order of Li3PO4 orthorhombic (S.G. Pmn21) phase. The temperature dependence of the molar magnetic susceptibility of Li2MnSiO4 was found to be consistent with an antiferromagnetic material with a Néel temperature of 12 K. The calculated effective moment confirmed that the observed magnetic behavior involves Mn2+ ions in a high spin configuration in tetrahedral sites. Scanning electron microscopy of Li2MnSiO4 showed large aggregates (10 to 50 μm) composed of nanosized particles (100−200 nm). The as-prepared material was almost electrochemically inactive despite the presence of 15 wt % carbon additive. The material was treated by carbon coating using cellulose carbon source precursor and particle size reduction using high-energy ball milling. In coin-cell tests, the carbon-coated and ball-milled materials yielded charge capacities of 190 and 172 mAh/g, respectively, under a current density of 10 mA/g. At present, the cationic mixing between Li+ and Mn2+ ions in their mutual crystallographic sites is the main impediment to the achievement of the full theoretical capacity of Li2MnSiO4 (333 mAh/g).
A mixing board interface for graphics and visualization applications (2007)

We use a haptically enhanced mixing board with a video projector as an interface to various data visualization tasks. We report results of an expert review with four participants, qualitatively evaluating the board for three different applications: dynamic queries (abstract task), parallel coordinates interface (multi-dimensional combinatorial search), and ExoVis (3D spatial navigation). Our investigation sought to determine the strengths of this physical input given its capability to facilitate bimanual interaction, constraint maintenance, tight coupling of input and output, and other features. Participants generally had little difficulty with the mappings of parameters to sliders. The graspable sliders apparently reduced the mental exertion needed to acquire control, allowing participants to attend more directly to understanding the visualization. Participants often designated specific roles for each hand, but only rarely moved both hands simultaneously.
Regulation of peripheral T cell activation by calreticulin (2006)

Regulated expression of positive and negative regulatory factors controls the extent and duration of T cell adaptive immune response preserving the organism's integrity.Calreticulin (CRT) is a major Ca 2+ buffering chaperone in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.Here we investigated the impact of CRT defi ciency on T cell function in immunodefi cient mice reconstituted with fetal liver crt -/-hemopoietic progenitors.These chimeric mice displayed severe immunopathological traits, which correlated with a lower threshold of T cell receptor (TCR) activation and exaggerated peripheral T cell response to antigen with enhanced secretion of infl ammatory cytokines.In crt -/-T cells TCR stimulation induced pulsatile cytosolic elevations of Ca 2+ concentration and protracted accumulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells in the nucleus as well as sustained activation of the mitogenactivated protein kinase pathways.These observations support the hypothesis that CRTdependent shaping of Ca 2+ signaling critically contributes to the modulation of the T cell adaptive immune response.
Sub-MHz Ultrasonic Sensor Using Fiber Laser Based on Random Fiber Grating (2018)

An intensity-modulated fiber laser sensor incorporating distributed feedback from a random fiber grating is experimentally investigated for the detection of multiple sub-MHz ultrasonic continuous waves with minimum frequency spacing of 3 Hz.
Combining target enrichment and Sanger sequencing data to clarify the systematics of the diverse Neotropical butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) (2023)

Abstract The diverse, largely Neotropical subtribe Euptychiina is widely regarded as one of the most taxonomically challenging groups among all butterflies. Over the last two decades, morphological and molecular studies have revealed widespread paraphyly and polyphyly among genera, and a comprehensive, robust phylogenetic hypothesis is needed to build a firm generic classification to support ongoing taxonomic revisions at the species level. Here, we generated a dataset that includes sequences for up to nine nuclear genes and the mitochondrial COI ‘barcode’ for a total of 1280 specimens representing 449 described and undescribed species of Euptychiina and 39 out‐groups, resulting in the most complete phylogeny for the subtribe to date. In combination with a recently developed genomic backbone tree, this dataset resulted in a topology with strong support for most branches. We recognize eight major clades that each contain two or more genera, together containing all but seven Euptychiina genera. We provide a summary of the taxonomy, diversity and natural history of each clade, and discuss taxonomic changes implied by the phylogenetic results. We describe nine new genera to accommodate 38 described species: Lazulina Willmott, Nakahara &amp; Espeland, gen.n. , Saurona Huertas &amp; Willmott, gen.n. , Argentaria Huertas &amp; Willmott, gen.n. , Taguaiba Freitas, Zacca &amp; Siewert, gen.n. , Xenovena Marín &amp; Nakahara, gen.n. , Deltaya Willmott, Nakahara &amp; Espeland, gen.n. , Modica Zacca, Casagrande &amp; Willmott, gen.n. , Occulta Nakahara &amp; Willmott, gen.n. , and Trico Nakahara &amp; Espeland, gen.n. We also synonymize Nubila Viloria, Andrade &amp; Henao, 2019 ( syn.n. ) with Splendeuptychia Forster, 1964, Macrocissia Viloria, Le Crom &amp; Andrade, 2019 ( syn.n. ) with Satyrotaygetis Forster, 1964, and Rudyphthimoides Viloria, 2022 ( syn.n. ) with Malaveria Viloria &amp; Benmesbah, 2020. Overall, we revised the generic placement of 79 species (74 new generic combinations and five revised combinations), and as a result all but six described species of Euptychiina are accommodated within 70 named, monophyletic genera. For all newly described genera, we provide illustrations of representative species, drawings of wing venation and male and (where possible) female genitalia, and distribution maps, and summarize the natural history of the genus. For three new monotypic genera, Occulta gen.n. , Trico gen.n. and Xenovena gen.n. we provide a taxonomic revision with a review of the taxonomy of each species and data from examined specimens. We provide a revised synonymic list for Euptychiina containing 460 valid described species, 53 subspecies and 255 synonyms, including several new synonyms and reinstated species.
Modeling Contact and Collisions for Robotic Assembly Control (2020)

We propose an implicit, event-driven, penalty-based method for modeling rigid body contact and collision that is useful for design and analysis of control algorithms for precision robotic assembly tasks. The method is based on Baumgarte's method of differential algebraic equation index reduction in which we modify the conventional constraint stabilization to model object collision, define a finite state machine to model transition between contact and non-contact states, and represent the robot and task object dynamics as a single set of differential algebraic inequalities. The method, which is realized natively in Modelica, has some advantages over conventional penalty-based methods: The resulting system is not numerically stiff after the collision transient, it enforces constraints for object penetration, and it allows for dynamic analysis of the Modelica model beyond time-domain simulation. We provide three examples: A bouncing ball, a ball maze, and a delta robot controlled to achieve soft collision and maintain soft contact with an object in its environment.