gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High burden and complex renal calculi: aggressive percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus multi-modal approaches. (2010)

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) remains the treatment of choice for managing patients with large or complex renal calculi, especially staghorn stones composed of struvite. Recent advances in the PNL technique appear to improve post-operative outcomes and reduce patient morbidity.A thorough review of the recent urologic literature was performed to identify results and, benefits of percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus either combination PNL and shock wave lithotripsy or SWL alone. A brief description of these three modalities is presented.Published series from several different centers, as well as the 2004 report from the AUA Nephrolithiasis Guidelines Panel have demonstrated superior stone-free rates, improved complication rates and a reduced need for secondary procedure in those patients treated with PNL monotherapy. Combination techniques or SWL treatment may be beneficial in patients with low-volume renal stone disease.Further advances in the PNL technique will not only increase stone-free outcomes and reduce post-operative complications, but also significantly reduce peri-operative patient morbidity. PNL monotherapy should be considered first line therapy for those patients with large or complex renal calculi.
Data from Microbiota-Centered Interventions: The Next Breakthrough in Immuno-Oncology? (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The cancer–immune dialogue subject to immuno-oncological intervention is profoundly influenced by microenvironmental factors. Indeed, the mucosal microbiota—and more specifically, the intestinal ecosystem—influences the tone of anticancer immune responses and the clinical benefit of immunotherapy. Antibiotics blunt the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and fecal microbial transplantation may restore responsiveness of ICI-resistant melanoma. Here, we review the yin and yang of intestinal bacteria at the crossroads between the intestinal barrier, metabolism, and local or systemic immune responses during anticancer therapies. We discuss diagnostic tools to identify gut dysbiosis and the future prospects of microbiota-based therapeutic interventions.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Given the recent proof of concept of the potential efficacy of fecal microbial transplantation in patients with melanoma primarily resistant to PD-1 blockade, it is timely to discuss how and why antibiotics compromise the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, describe the balance between beneficial and harmful microbial species in play during therapies, and introduce the potential for microbiota-centered interventions for the future of immuno-oncology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
1-(p-Carbamoylphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene, an Antitumour Agent (1995)

In the crystal structure of the title compound, 4-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)benzamide, C9H12N4O, (2), the N = N double bond [1.282 (8) A] is 0.030 A shorter than the N--N single bond [1.312 (8) A], but both bonds are shorter than an isolated N--N single bond suggesting that there is double-bond character in each N--N bond, although it is unequally distributed. The molecule adopts a trans geometry around the N = N bond, but there is a significant deviation from planarity between the benzene ring and the plane of the triazene moiety. Compound (2) forms chains in the solid state in which the molecules are linked by C = O...H--N hydrogen bonds between carbamoyl groups. These chains are cross-linked into sheets by hydrogen bonding between the second N--H moiety and triazene units in adjacent chains.
Spin-polarized nanodevice for future information technologies (2004)

In this paper, an experimental and theoretical study of a continuous magnetic junction of the nanoscale size is presented. Such nanosize junction was created in a thin film Permalloy (Ni/Fe 80/20) layer via focused ion beam etching (FIB) etching. The specially developed FIB process allows for creating continuous magnetic bridges with dimensions in the nanoscale range. The geometry of the structure is chosen with the purpose to create a condition for triggering a magnetic wall, as the external magnetic field is applied.
Wavepacket Splitting and Two‐Pathway Deactivation in the Photoexcited Visual Pigment Isorhodopsin (2014)

Isorhodopsin is the visual pigment analogue of rhodopsin. It shares the same opsin environment but it embeds 9-cis retinal instead of 11-cis. Its photoisomerization is three times slower and less effective. The mechanistic rationale behind this observation is revealed by combining high-level quantum-mechanical/molecular-mechanical simulations with ultrafast optical spectroscopy with sub-20 fs time resolution and spectral coverage extended to the near-infrared. Whereas in rhodopsin the photoexcited wavepacket has ballistic motion through a single conical intersection seam region between the ground and excited states, in isorhodopsin it branches into two competitive deactivation pathways involving distinct conical intersection funnels. One is rapidly accessed but unreactive. The other is slower, as it features extended steric interactions with the environment, but it is productive as it follows forward bicycle pedal motion.
Detection of protamine 2 in bovine spermatozoa and testicles (2019)

Our work identifies, for the first time, PRM2 in bovine epididymal spermatozoa and in testis. Further studies are still needed to understand the role of PRM2 on the chromatin of the spermatozoa and to verify how possible changes in PRM2 levels may influence the bull fertility.
Detrimental impact of hydrogen on negative bias temperature instabilities in HfO/sub 2/-based pMOSFETs (2004)

The impact of hydrogen on negative bias temperature instabilities (NBTI) in atomic layer deposited (ALD) HfO/sub 2/-based pMOSFETs is reported for the first time. After forming gas anneal (FGA) at high temperature (580/spl deg/C), the saturated threshold voltage (V/sub th/) shift of the devices is about 100 mV at 125/spl deg/C and V/sub G/ = -1.5 V. The V/sub th/ instability is reduced to about 50 mV for devices annealed in forming gas at 520/spl deg/C. Detailed analysis of the experimental results indicates that the defects responsible for NBTI are hydrogen-induced overcoordinated oxygen centers, induced by the transport and trapping of H/sup +/ in the gate stack. The V/sub th/ shift can be further reduced to less than 5 mV after subjecting the transistors to a higher thermal budget during the dopant activation anneal, which allows to release the strain at the Si/dielectric interface as well as to drive hydrogen out of the high-k gate stack. This finding is very important with respect to the thermal budget requirements for scaled CMOS processes.
SeRFI: Secure Remote FPGA Initialization in an Untrusted Environment (2020)

The bitstream inside a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is often protected using an encryption key, acting as a root of trust and stored inside the FPGA, to defend against bitstream piracy, tampering, overproduction, and static-time reverse engineering. For cost savings and faster production, trusted system designers often rely on an untrusted system assembler to program the encryption key into the FPGA, focusing only the end-user-stage threats. However, providing the secret encryption key to an untrusted entity introduces additional threats, since access to this key can compromise the entire root of trust and breach the encrypted bitstream enabling a multitude of attacks including Trojan insertion, piracy and overproduction. To address this issue, we propose the Secure Remote FPGA Initialization (SeRFI) protocol to transmit the encryption key securely from a trusted system designer into an FPGA in physical possession of an untrusted system assembler. Our protocol eliminates direct key sharing with the untrusted system assembler as well as prevents against adversarial intention of extracting the encryption key during the programming phase where the assembler has physical access to the FPGA.
Comparison of bacterial community structure and dynamics during the thermophilic composting of different types of solid wastes: anaerobic digestion residue, pig manure and chicken manure (2014)

This study investigated the impact of composting substrate types on the bacterial community structure and dynamics during composting processes. To this end, pig manure (PM), chicken manure (CM), a mixture of PM and CM (PM + CM), and a mixture of PM, CM and anaerobic digestion residue (ADR) (PM + CM + ADR) were selected for thermophilic composting. The bacterial community structure and dynamics during the composting process were detected and analysed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) coupled with a statistic analysis. The physical-chemical analyses indicated that compared to single-material composting (PM, CM), co-composting (PM + CM, PM + CM + ADR) could promote the degradation of organic matter and strengthen the ability of conserving nitrogen. A DGGE profile and statistical analysis demonstrated that co-composting, especially PM + CM + ADR, could improve the bacterial community structure and functional diversity, even in the thermophilic stage. Therefore, co-composting could weaken the screening effect of high temperature on bacterial communities. Dominant sequencing analyses indicated a dramatic shift in the dominant bacterial communities from single-material composting to co-composting. Notably, compared with PM, PM + CM increased the quantity of xylan-degrading bacteria and reduced the quantity of human pathogens.
Efficacy and adherence of noninvasive ventilation treatment in children with Down syndrome (2021)

Abstract Objective Children with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a common modality of OSA treatment in this cohort. This study aimed to measure adherence and efficiency of NIV delivery in children with DS. Study design This was a retrospective cohort study involving 106 children with confirmed OSA and home NIV with downloadable data capacity. Children were divided into DS ( n = 44) and non‐DS cohorts ( n = 62). Adherence, clinical outcomes apnea‐hypopnoea index (AHI), positive airway pressure delivery, and leakage were recorded and compared between DS and non‐DS cohorts and within the DS cohort based on past surgical history. Results Significantly greater NIV usage was observed in the DS cohort, they showed more consistent use with an increased percentage of days used relative to their non‐DS counterparts (78.95 ± 2.26 vs. 72.11 ± 2.14, p = .031). However, despite greater usage, poorer clinical outcomes in the form of increased AHI ( p = .0493) was observed in the DS cohort, where significantly greater leakage was also shown 41.00 ± 1.61 L/min versus 36.52 ± 1.18 L/min ( p = .022). Twenty children with DS had prior cardiac surgery; compliance across all parameters was significantly reduced relative to those without. Conclusion These data confirm that satisfactory NIV adherence is achievable in children with DS. However, we have identified excessive system leak at the machine‐patient interface as a factor, which could undermine NIV efficacy in children with DS.
Nanoparticles for Targeting of Prostate Cancer (2020)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of death by cancer in men. Because of the drastic decline in the survival rate of PCa patients with advanced/metastatic disease, early diagnosis of disease and therapy without toxic side effects is crucial. Chemotherapy is widely used to control the progression of PCa at the later stages; however, it is associated with off-target toxicities and severe adverse effects due to the lack of specificity. Delivery of therapeutic or diagnostic agents by using targeted nanoparticles is a promising strategy to enhance accuracy and sensitivity of diagnosis of PCa and to increase efficacy and specificity of therapeutic agents. Numerous efforts have been made in past decades to create nanoparticles with different architectural bases for specific delivery payloads to prostate tumors. Major PCa associated cell membrane protein markers identified as targets for such purposes include folate receptor, sigma receptors, transferrin receptor, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, and prostate specific membrane antigen. Among these markers, prostate specific membrane antigen has emerged as an extremely specific and sensitive targetable marker for designing targeted nanoparticle-based delivery systems for PCa. In this article, we review contemporary advances in design, specificity, and efficacy of nanoparticles functionalized against PCa. Whenever feasible, both diagnostic as well as therapeutic applications are discussed.
Influence of shear-affected-zone due to punching on tensile characteristics of steel plate (2018)

In punched steel plate, "punched specimen" from here onwards, the region near the edge of the punched hole is called the shear-affected-zone (SAZ), where tensile characteristics are compromised due to the punching process. However, the specific characteristics and influence on the tensile characteristics of the SAZ are unknown. Therefore, it is difficult to predict the effects of punching on the specimen. Here, we evaluated two kinds of specimens: punched and "honed." The hole of the honed specimen is formed by drilling and polishing, thus there is no SAZ on the honed specimens. In these specimens, we focused on the initiation and propagation of cracks under tensile loading and set the following objectives: (1) Determine whether any special events occur in the fracture mechanism of the punched vs honed specimens under tensile loading. (2) Find the reasons for any special events that occur. In our investigation, a punched specimen showed brittle fracture even within the static range of the strain rate. By failure surface observation of the punched specimens, we found that under tensile loading, cracks caused by the shear stress aligned with the tensile direction initiate in the SAZ. These cracks are the origin of the final fracture of the punched specimen. We assumed that whether the break is a ductile failure or brittle fracture depends on whether the crack tip becomes blunt. The differences in the fracture behaviors are investigated via detailed fracture surface observation.
AI-Assisted Exploration of Superionic Glass-Type Li+ Conductors with Aromatic Structures (2020)

It has long remained challenging to predict the properties of complex chemical systems, such as polymer-based materials and their composites. We have constructed the largest database of lithium-conducting solid polymer electrolytes (10<sup>4</sup> entries) and employed a transfer-learned graph neural network to accurately predict their conductivity (mean absolute error of less than 1 on a logarithmic scale). The bias-free prediction by the network helped us to find superionic conductors composed of charge-transfer complexes of aromatic polymers (ionic conductivity of around 10<sup>-3</sup> S/cm at room temperature). The glassy design was contrary to the traditional concept of rubbery polymer electrolytes, but it was found to be appropriate to achieve fast, decoupled motion of ionic species from polymer chains and to enhance thermal and mechanical stability. The unbiased suggestions generated by machine learning models can help researches to discover unexpected chemical phenomena, which could also induce a paradigm shift of energy-related functional materials.
Beta‐endorphins in acute myocardial infarction (1986)

The endogenous peptide B-endorphin (B-EP) is closely connected with different aspects of homeostasis, behavior, and in particular with the perception of pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between: the level of plasma B-EP and the intensity of pain in acute myocardial infarction (AMI); and the B-EP and specific enzymes for AMI serum glutamic oxolo-acetic transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase and some stress hormones (cortisol, growth hormone). Twenty-six patients hospitalized in the CCU for acute MI were studied during the first 72 hours from the onset of symptoms. Seven normal subjects served as controls. Blood was taken for hormone and B-EP evaluation before treating the patients by opiates. Plasma B-EP levels were determined using the protocol of the Immunonuclear Corporation (Stillwater, MN). Statistical analysis of the results showed: Nonsignificant differences between B-EP levels of all MI patients and control group. Unaltered B-EP levels in patients with acute MI suffering from moderate pain. Significant differences in drop of B-EP in the group with most severe pain (p less than 0.025). A tendency toward decreased B-EP in patients suffering from more prolonged pain (greater than 6 hours). Significant negative correlation was shown between B-EP and chest pain intensity (0-4 graduation) (r = 0.8, p less than 0.01); lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0.7, p less than 0.01); serum glutamic oxolo-acetic transferase (r = 0.6, p less than 0.01); creatine phosphokinase (r = 0.6, p less than 0.05; plasma cortisol level (r = 0.5, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Feedback regulation of Na channels in rat CCT. I. Effects of inhibition of Na pump (1993)

Na channels in the apical membrane of the rat renal cortical collecting tubule were studied using the patch-clamp technique. Channel activity was monitored in cell-attached patches on tubules that were split open to expose the luminal surface. Channel number (N), open probability (Po), and currents (i) were measured at 37 degrees C during continuous superfusion of the tubule. Addition of ouabain (1 mM) to the superfusate to increase cell Na resulted in a decrease in the mean number of open channels (NPo) to less than 20% of control values within 2 min. This effect was not reversible within 5 min after removal of ouabain. There was, in addition, a parallel decrease in i. The mechanism of inhibiton appeared to involve increased intracellular Ca (Cai). Cai was measured using the fluorescence of the Ca indicator fura-2 in principal cells of split tubules under conditions identical to those used for electrical measurements. Cai increased from a basal level (153 +/- 36 nM) to a peak level (588 +/- 53 nM) approximately 3 min after the addition of ouabain. When a Ca-free superfusate was used, ouabain did not increase Cai or decrease NPo, although the decrease in i was similar to that observed in Ca-containing solutions. Similar increases in Cai were elicited by the Ca ionophore ionomycin (5 microM) in the presence of 0.1 mM extracellular Ca. This maneuver also resulted in a decrease in NPo which was similar to that observed in the presence of ouabain. Ouabain had no observable effect on cell pH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
DMRC: Distortion-minimizing rate control for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (2009)

The availability of inexpensive CMOS cameras and microphones that can ubiquitously capture multimedia content from the environment is fostering the development of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs), i.e., distributed systems of wirelessly networked devices that can retrieve video and audio streams, still images, and scalar sensor data. WMSNs require the sensor network paradigm to be re-thought in view of the need for mechanisms to deliver multimedia content with a pre-defined level of quality of service (QoS). A new rate control scheme for WMSNs is introduced in this paper with a two-fold objective: i) maximize the video quality of each individual video stream; ii) maintain fairness in video quality between different video streams. The rate control scheme is based on both analytical and empirical models and consists of a new cross-layer control algorithm that jointly regulates the end-to-end data rate, the video quality, and the strength of the channel coding at the physical layer. The end-to-end data rate is regulated to avoid congestion while maintaining fairness in the domain of video quality rather than data rate. Once the end-to-end data rate has been determined, the sender adjusts the video encoder rate and the channel encoder rate based on the overall rate and the current channel quality, with the objective of minimizing the distortion of the received video. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm considerably improves the received video quality without sacrificing fairness.
Research and development of a helium-4 based solar neutrino detector. Progress report, November 1, 1991--April 30, 1993 (1993)

Superfluid helium possesses unique properties that enable it to be used as the major component of a very sensitive calorimetric detector: it is extremely pure, and the energy deposited in it is carried out by elementary excitations of the liquid which can produce quantum evaporation of He atoms at a free surface. It has a major advantage of being able to achieve very low background levels. Experimental results presented on the development of helium-4 detector include sensitivity, heat capacity of wafer-calorimeters, coincidence measurements, spectrum of alpha particles in helium, and quantum evaporation: angular dependence and efficiency. 29 refs., 16 figs., 1 tab.
Early mortality attributable to PICC-lines in 4 public hospitals of Marseille from 2010 to 2016 (Revised V3) (2020)

Patients with PICC-line associated bacteremia have a significant excess mortality. The implementation of a PICC-line should remain the last resort after a careful assessment of the benefit/risk ratio by a senior doctor.
Synergy between 6G and AI: Open Future Horizons and Impending Security Risks (2022)

&lt;p&gt;This paper investigates the synergy between 6G and AI. It argues that they can unlock future horizons, by discussing how they can address future challenges in healthcare, transportation, virtual reality, education, resource management, robotics, in addition to public safety and warfare. However, these great opportunities come also with greater risk. Therefore, the paper provides an overview of the security risks and challenges, along with possible mitigation techniques. &lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Identification of a new member of Mortaparib class of inhibitors that target mortalin and PARP1 (2022)

Mortalin, a heat shock family protein enriched in cancer cells, is known to inactivate tumor suppressor protein p53. Abrogation of mortalin-p53 interaction and reactivation of p53 has been shown to trigger growth arrest/apoptosis in cancer cells and hence, suggested to be useful in cancer therapy. In this premise, we earlier screened a chemical library to identify potential disruptors of mortalin-p53 interaction, and reported two novel synthetic small molecules (5-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl) (1,2,3,4-tetraazol-5-yl)]-4-phenylpyrimidine-2-ylamine) and (4-[(1E)-2-(2-phenylindol-3-yl)-1-azavinyl]-1,2,4-triazole) called Mortaparib and Mortaparib<sup>Plus</sup>, respectively. These compounds were shown to possess anticancer activity that was mediated through targeting mortalin and PARP1 proteins, essential for cancer cell survival and proliferation. Here, we report characterization of the third compound, {4-[(4-amino-5-thiophen-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine}, isolated in the same screening. Extensive computational and molecular analyses suggested that the new compound has the capability to interact with mortalin, p53, and PARP1. We provide evidence that this new compound, although required in high concentration as compared to the earlier two compounds (Mortaparib and Mortaparib<sup>Plus</sup>) and hence called Mortaparib<sup>Mild</sup>, also downregulates mortalin and PARP1 expression and functions in multiple ways impeding cancer cell proliferation and migration characteristics. Mortaparib<sup>Mild</sup> is a novel candidate anticancer compound that warrants further experimental and clinical attention.
An ultra-high-speed compressive multi-aperture CMOS image sensor (2014)

To achieve subnano-second temporal resolution imaging, we have proposed a compressive multi-aperture high-speed image sensor. We designed a CMOS image sensor with 5×3 apertures and 64×54 pixels aperture. Temporal resolution of 10ns was confirmed experimentally.