gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Architectures and criteria for the design of high efficiency organic photovoltaic cells (2023)

A method for fabricating an organic photovoltaic cell includes providing a first electrode; depositing a series of at least seven layers onto the first electrode, each layer consisting essentially of a different organic semiconductor material, the organic semiconductor material of at least an intermediate layer of the sequence being a photoconductive material; and depositing a second electrode onto the sequence of at least seven layers. One of the first electrode and the second electrode is an anode and the other is a cathode. The organic semiconductor materials of the series of at least seven layers are arranged to provide a sequence of decreasing lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) and a sequence of decreasing highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) across the series from the anode to the cathode.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Dinucleotide Analogues. The Synthesis of 3′‐O‐ Thymidylyl(5′‐deoxy‐5′‐selene‐thymidylyl)‐Se‐phosphoroselenolate, Its O‐Methyl Ester and Methanephosphonate Derivatives. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of mutual communication between qubits by capacitive coupling (2003)

A behavior of a two-qubit system coupled by the electric capacitance has been studied quantum mechanically. We found that the interaction is essentially the same as the one for the dipole-dipole interaction; i.e., qubit-qubit coupling of the NMR quantum gate. Therefore, a quantum gate could be constructed by the same operation sequence for the NMR device if the coupling is small enough. The result gives an information to the effort of development of the devices assuming capacitive coupling between qubits.
Chaotic dynamics in coupled microwave oscillators (2000)

Describes an investigation into possible chaotic behavior in a coupled-oscillator system and the possible control of this behavior for communications. The established mathematical models for these oscillator arrays are demonstrated to exhibit chaos when the coupling strength between oscillators is below the range for phase locking. The complexity and predictability of the array dynamics are analyzed by means of standard dynamical measures such as the Lyapunov exponents, the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, and the attractor dimension, the authors show that chaos in these oscillator arrays is low dimensional and well characterized; both necessary conditions for control and possible exploitation of chaos. Finally, the method of occasional proportional feedback is used to stabilize the output from the array while the array is still in the chaotic regime. Possible applications of these chaotic transmitters are also discussed.
Mast Cell and Monocyte Recruitment by S100A12 and Its Hinge Domain (2008)

S100A12 is expressed at sites of acute, chronic, and allergic inflammation. S100 proteins have regions of high sequence homology, but the "hinge" region between the conserved calcium binding domains is structurally and functionally divergent. Because the murine S100A8 hinge domain (mS100A8(42-55)) is a monocyte chemoattractant whereas the human sequence (hS100A8(43-56)) is inactive, we postulated that common hydrophobic amino acids within the S100A12 hinge sequence may be functional. The hinge domain, S100A12(38-53), was chemotactic for human monocytes and murine mast cells in vitro. S100A12(38-53) provoked an acute inflammatory response similar to that elicited by S100A12 in vivo and caused edema and leukocyte and mast cell recruitment. Circular dichroism studies showed that S100A12(38-53) had increased helical structure in hydrophobic environments. Mutations in S100A12(38-53) produced using an alanine scan confirmed that specific hydrophobic residues (I44A, I47A, and I53A) on the same face of the helix were critical for monocyte chemotaxis in vitro and generation of edema in vivo. In a hydrophobic environment such as the cell membrane, these critical residues would likely align on one face of an alpha-helix to facilitate receptor interaction. Interaction is unlikely to occur via the receptor for advanced glycation end products but, rather, via a G-protein-coupled mechanism.
A Flame Drying Method for the Investigation of Insect Chromosomes (1968)

A minor modification of a mammalian cytogenetic technique allows excellent cytologic preparations of chromosomes and nuclei from either the gonads or somatic cells of both large and small insects. This method can also be used for autoradiographic investigations.This communication describes a method for excellent cytological preparations of both chromosomes and nuclei from the gonads of grasshoppers and from the brain tissue of mosquito larvae without recourse to manual squashes or histological sections. The method was developed with a slight modification of the techniques used in mammalian chromosome preparation (Hsu and Pomerat 1953; Rothfels and Siminovitch 1958, Moorhead, Nowell, Mellman, Battips and Hungerford 1960, and Tarkowski 1966). This procedure can be applied to study all stages of meiosis in both testes and ovaries of grasshoppers and locusts; as well as mitosis from the brain cells of fourth instar mosquito larvae (prepupae) and is readily adaptable for autoradiographic investigations.
Airway acidification initiates host defense abnormalities in cystic fibrosis mice (2016)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel. In humans and pigs, the loss of CFTR impairs respiratory host defenses, causing airway infection. But CF mice are spared. We found that in all three species, CFTR secreted bicarbonate into airway surface liquid. In humans and pigs lacking CFTR, unchecked H(+) secretion by the nongastric H(+)/K(+) adenosine triphosphatase (ATP12A) acidified airway surface liquid, which impaired airway host defenses. In contrast, mouse airways expressed little ATP12A and secreted minimal H(+); consequently, airway surface liquid in CF and non-CF mice had similar pH. Inhibiting ATP12A reversed host defense abnormalities in human and pig airways. Conversely, expressing ATP12A in CF mouse airways acidified airway surface liquid, impaired defenses, and increased airway bacteria. These findings help explain why CF mice are protected from infection and nominate ATP12A as a potential therapeutic target for CF.
Two-State Models for Olefin Polymerization using Metallocene Catalysts. 1. Application to Fluxional Metallocene Catalyst Systems (2000)

A kinetic model was developed to describe the propylene polymerization behavior of fluxional, two-state metallocene catalysts. In particular, the pentad and molecular weight distributions can be described as well as other parameters of interest, such as the weight fraction of crystallizable sequences and the isotactic sequence length distribution, in terms of fundamental kinetic constants and polymerization conditions that pertain to these two-state catalyst systems. The model was used in an attempt to describe the polymerization behavior of two, prototypical, fluxional catalyst systems, (2-PhInd)2ZrCl2/MAO (1) and (2-p-CF3PhInd)2ZrCl2/MAO (2). The model can accurately reproduce the pentad distributions observed in PP prepared using these catalysts and the response of the distribution to changes in polymerization conditions, specifically changes in [C3H6] at constant T. These studies illustrate that the rate of state-to-state interconversion is slower but of comparable magnitude to the rate of monomer insertion and that the states have similar stability and reactivity. The broad molecular weight distributions previously observed with this family of catalysts can be described by the model. However, the model predicts that the state-to-state interconversion rate has to be significantly slower than the rate of formation of dead polymer chains, and this is inconsistent with the rate estimated from the response of the pentad distribution to changes in the rate of propagation (i.e., [C3H6]). Recent work where propylene polymerizations using 1 were carried out to low conversion indicate that the broad MWD seen in earlier studies is partly related to variations in [C3H6] during polymerization.
Pb-free Micro-joints (50 um pitch) for the Next Generation Micro-systems: the Fabrication, Assembly and Characterization (2006)

To support the next generation highly integrated microsystem with 3D silicon integration using fine pitch interconnection and Si carrier, we develop a fabrication and assembly process at IBM Research to produce solder micro-joints (fine pitch flip-chip interconnections) for our system-on-package (SOP) technology. We fabricate solder bumps with 25 mum (or less) in diameter on 50 mum pitch size, as well as 50 mum in diameter on 100 mum pitch size, at wafer level (200mm) by electroplating method. There are up to 10208 micro-bumps (25 mum) built on a chip surface less than 0.4 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The process can be applied to various solder compositions, including eutectic SnPb, Pb-free (CuSn), AuSn and high Pb (3Sn97Pb) solders. The test matrix includes different solder/UBM (under bump metallization) combination. In this paper, the discussion focuses on the fabrication, assembly and characterization of the micro-joints made with of Pb-free (CuSn) and eutectic SnPb solders with Ni and/or Cu stack plating. The preliminary electrical and mechanical test results indicated that reliable and high yield micro-bumps can be successfully made with this fabrication and assembly process
Carotid artery stenting (2013)

From the earliest experiences with carotid artery stenting (CAS) presumptive high risk features have included thrombus-containing lesions, heavily calcified lesions, very tortuous vessels, and near occlusions. In addition patients have been routinely excluded from CAS trials if they have contra-indications to dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and thienopyridines), a history of bleeding complications and severe peripheral arterial disease (PAD) making femoral artery vascular access difficult. Variables that increase the risk of CAS complications can be attributed to patient characteristics, anatomic or lesion features, and procedural factors. Clinical features such as older age (≥80 years), decreased cerebral reserve (dementia, multiple prior strokes, or intracranial microangiopathy) and angiographic characteristics such as excessive tortuosity (more than two 90° bends within 5 cm of the target lesion) and heavy calcification (concentric calcification ≥ 3 mm in width) have been associated with increased CAS complications. Other high risk CAS features include those that prolong catheter or guide wire manipulation in the aortic arch, make crossing a carotid stenosis more difficult, decrease the likelihood of successful deployment or retrieval of an embolic protection device (EPD), or make stent delivery or placement more difficult. Procedure volume for the operator and the catheterization laboratory team are critical elements in reducing the risk of the procedure. In this article, we help CAS operators better understand procedure risk to allow more intelligent case selection, further improving the outcomes of this emerging procedure.
Frequency transfer over optical fiber based on photonic RF phase shifter (2013)

In this paper, an active phase drift cancellation scheme based on a photonic RF phase shifter for frequency transfer over optical fiber is proposed. By this scheme, a linear and stable photonic phase shifter, which is implemented with a dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator and an optical filter, is used to compensate the phase drift induced by the fiber transmission. A 1GHz reference signal transfer over 20 km single-mode fiber with sub picosecond timing jitters measured at the remote site is experimentally demonstrated using the proposed scheme.
Video Quality Temporal Pooling using a Visibility Measure (2019)

Both mobile and egocentric videos contain much larger motion than broadcast videos. To estimate the quality of videos with huge motion, the temporal pooling strategy should be adaptive to the specific content. Existing methods focus more on the values and variations of frame quality scores and ignore the masking effect of motion. In this paper, a temporal pooling strategy using a visibility measure is proposed to estimate the quality of videos containing large motion, where the imperceivable details during motion are not considered. We then introduce a strategy to measure the influence of measured visibility on pooling and design a subjective test to gather data for the strategy by synthetically creating shaky videos. Our pooling method is demonstrated to be more effective than existing strategies at pooling frame scores estimated by different image quality metrics.
Mesoband Pulse Radiator Design With Circuit Model Analysis of Spark Gap Switch (2013)

In this paper, a mesoband pulse radiator fed by a spark gap switch is designed, and its radiation characteristics are analyzed. Initially, a modified equivalent circuit model of spark gap switch is proposed to enable detailed explanation and fast design. Then, dual resonant characteristic due to the higher order mode of a mesoband pulse radiator is newly analyzed by changing the dipole length and radius. According to the analyzed results, the variation of the dipole length affects not only the radiating power, but also the operating frequency and bandwidth. The measured 3-dB bandwidth of the designed pulse radiator is about 57% (λ = 1.15 m), meeting the need for a mesoband condition. The radiated electric field at 4 m from the radiator has a peak of 7.19 kV/m.
Brain Tumor Resection: Intraoperative Monitoring with High-Field-Strength MR Imaging—Initial Results (2000)

Intraoperative MR imaging provided valuable information on the completeness of resection, and resection progress was well demonstrated during surgery.
Augmented Reality for Construction Site Monitoring and Documentation (2014)

Augmented reality (AR) allows for an on-site presentation of information that is registered to the physical environment. Applications from civil engineering, which require users to process complex information, are among those which can benefit particularly highly from such a presentation. In this paper, we will describe how to use AR to support monitoring and documentation of construction site progress. For these tasks, the responsible staff usually requires fast and comprehensible access to progress information to enable comparison to the as-built status as well as to as-planned data. Instead of tediously searching and mapping related information to the actual construction site environment, our AR system allows for the access of information right where it is needed. This is achieved by superimposing progress as well as as-planned information onto the user's view of the physical environment. For this purpose, we present an approach that uses aerial 3-D reconstruction to automatically capture progress information and a mobile AR client for on-site visualization. Within this paper, we will describe in greater detail how to capture 3-D, how to register the AR system within the physical outdoor environment, how to visualize progress information in a comprehensible way in an AR overlay, and how to interact with this kind of information. By implementing such an AR system, we are able to provide an overview about the possibilities and future applications of AR in the construction industry.
The glutamine antagonist prodrug JHU-083 slows malignant glioma growth and disrupts mTOR signaling (2020)

Targeting glutamine metabolism with JHU-083 showed efficacy in preclinical models of <i>IDH</i>mut glioma and measurably decreased mTOR signaling.
Quantitative molecular sensing in biological tissues: an approach to non-invasive optical characterization (2006)

A method to non-invasively and quantitatively characterize thick biological tissues by combining both experimental and computational approaches in tissue optical spectroscopy was developed and validated on fifteen porcine articular cartilage (AC) tissue samples. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to couple non-invasive reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopic measurements on freshly harvested tissues with Monte Carlo computational modeling of time-resolved propagation of both excitation light and multi-fluorophore emission. For reflectance, quantitative agreement between simulation and experiment was achieved to better than 11%. Fluorescence data and simulations were used to extract the ratio of the absorption coefficients of constituent fluorophores for each measured AC tissue sample. This ratio could be used to monitor relative changes in concentration of the constituent fluorophores over time. The samples studied possessed the complexity and variability not found in artificial tissue-simulating phantoms and serve as a model for future optical molecular sensing studies on tissue engineered constructs intended for use in human therapeutics. An optical technique that could non-invasively and quantitatively assess soft tissue composition or physiologic status would represent a significant advance in tissue engineering. Moreover, the general approach described here for optical characterization should be broadly applicable to quantitative, non-invasive molecular sensing applications in complex, three-dimensional biological tissues.
Modeling broadside coupled traces using equivalent per unit length (Eq PUL) RLGC model (2012)

Increases in printed circuit board (PCB) cost is leading to denser routing of high speed signal traces and this, in turn, is increasing the crosstalk among the traces. The crosstalk between the broadside coupled traces in adjacent layers is becoming an important factor to account for as the signal speeds increase. The coupling between parallel broadside coupled traces can be modeled using multi-conductor transmission line theory based on telegrapher equations using equivalent per-unit-length (Eq PUL) resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance (RLCG) matrices. The same approach is not applicable for the traces crossing at an arbitrary angle. A fast methodology to develop Eq PUL RLGC models that captures the coupling physics of broadside coupled traces crossing at an angle based on geometrical parameters of the stackup, and the dielectric material properties is proposed based on the idea presented in [1]. In this paper, validation of these equivalent models is done by estimating the crosstalk impact on eye opening at a specified bit error rate (BER) at different signal speeds and results are compared against full wave models.
Electrochemical Organic Synthesis of Electron-Rich Biaryl Scaffolds: An Update (2021)

Biaryl scaffolds are widely spread in biologically important natural products, in numerous therapeutic agents, but they are also considered a privileged class of ligands and (organo)catalysts; therefore, the development of efficient alternative methodologies to prepare such compounds is always attracting much attention. The present review discusses the organic electrosynthesis of biaryls starting from phenols, anilines, naphthols, and naphthylamines. The most significant examples of the works reported in the last decade are presented and classified according to the single class of molecules: after the introduction, the first three sections relate to the reactions of phenols, naphthols, and anilines, respectively; the other two sections refer to cross-coupling and miscellaneous reactions.
The Soft-Materials Used for the Factors of Robots (2005)

Recently many robots are going to be used in the factories. These robots are designed to do “a fixed work” at “a fixed place” in the factory. Also these robots are not covered with enough sensors so that they may cause damage to human easily. From these reasons, the previous robots couldn't be used in the public places. To use robots in the human society, we must make them safe and dexterous. The soft-materials for robots are necessary to be applied to this demand. In the paper, we introduce some examples of the soft-materials for robots. The first example is a soft actuator using artificial muscles, which were actuated by the air pressure. The second example is tactile sensors using MEMS technologies and silicon-rubber. These materials make the robots, safer and friendlier.
Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis With Fusion or Decompression Alone Results in Similar Rates of Reoperation at 5 Years (2018)

Our study suggests that treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis with fusion or decompression alone results in similar rates of reoperation at 5 years. This medium term data indicate that decompression alone may be a viable treatment for some patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis.
Printable Nanocomposites for Advanced Organic Packaging (2007)

This paper examines the use of nanocomposites or materials in the area of printing technology. A variety of printable nanomaterials for advanced organic packaging have been developed. This includes nano capacitors and resistors as embedded passives, nano magnetic materials, multifunctional materials, etc. Nanocomposites can provide high capacitance densities, ranging from 5 nf/inch <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> to 25 nF/inch <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , depending on composition, particle size and film thickness. The electrical properties of capacitors fabricated from BaTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -epoxy nanocomposites showed a stable capacitance and low loss over a temperature range from 25degC to 100degC. A variety of printable discrete resistors with different sheet resistances, ranging from 1 ohm to 120 Mohm, processed on large panels (19.5 inches times 24 inches) have been fabricated. Low resistivity nanocomposites, with volume resistivity in the range of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> ohm-cm to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> ohm-cm depending on composition, particle size, and loading can be used as conductive joints for high frequency and high density interconnect applications. Thermosetting polymers modified with ceramics can produce low k dielectrics with k value in the range between 5.41 and 3.59. Similarly, low loss dielectric materials can be produced form mixing epoxy with silica or other low loss fillers. Reliability of the nanocomposites was ascertained by IR-reflow, thermal cycling, pressure cooker test (PCT), and solder shock. Change in capacitance after 3X IR-reflow and after 1000 cycles of deep thermal cycling (DTC) between -55degC and 125degC was within 5%. Most of the nanocomposites in the test vehicle were stable after IR-reflow, PCT, and solder shock.
Preparation of Visible-Light-Active Photocatalysts Having Cu-Contained Layer by Plasma CVD (2012)

TiO2 film covered with Cu-contained layer is prepared by plasma CVD using copper(II) acetylacetonate gas and then heat-treated at 723 K in air. A surface layer of plasma CVD-treated TiO2 film is composed of Cu, C, and O atoms and shows visible light absorption. The plasma CVD-treated TiO2 film can decompose isopropanol into acetone and CO2 under visible light irradiation to appear visible light activity. It is assumed that photo-excited electron reduces directly Cu contained in the surface layer and the reduced Cu can reduce O2 with two and four electrons to form H2O2 and H2O, respectively, since it is confirmed from XPS analysis that C-doping does not take place with the plasma CVD and the origin of the visible light activity is not C-doping.