gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Diffuse Phase Transition in Relaxor Ferroelectrics (1994)

Dielectric properties of lead magnesium niobate (PMN) and Ta-bearing strontium barium niobate (SBNT) were measured as a function of temperature, and the crystal structure of PMN was refined by the Rietveld analysis method. The results of structure refinement indicate that the volume of polar microregions (PMR) increases with decreasing temperature. The dielectric properties of PMN and SBNT are well explained by an advanced theory of dielectric dispersion. The anomalous behavior in dielectric permittivity ( ε ) observed on the low temperature side of T m , the temperature of ε maximum, is explained by simple dielectric relaxation, while on the high-temperature side of T m is explained by the volume increase of PMR. It is concluded that these is no phase transition around T m , and the diffuse phase transition is an overlapping phenomenon of volume increase of PMR, freezing process of fluctuating dipoles in PMR and dielectric dispersion around the measuring frequrncy. A model of diffuse phase transition and relaxor ferroelectrics is proposed. The difference between normal ferroelectrics and relaxor ferroelectrics is discussed from the viewpoints of spreading of soft-mode phonons and disorder in the crystals.
Edible Films and Coatings from Soybean and Other Protein Sources (2020)

Abstract Proteins are abundant in nature and are highly functional. They can be converted into edible films and coating for food applications. The formation of protein films and coatings require a denaturation step to unfold the protein molecules and to promote intermolecular interactions via the formation of disulfide and hydrogen bonds, as well as hydrophobic interactions. Plasticizers, such as low‐molecular‐weight polyols and organic acids, are often added to the film‐forming formulations to impart flexibility essential for end‐use handling. By and large, edible films are produced by solvent casting. Solution properties (viscosity, surface tension, etc.) must be optimized in order to produce coherent film of consistent material properties. Alternatively, dry processing involves extrusion of proteins at elevated temperature (above glass transition) in the presence of small quantity of water and plasticizer. Material properties of protein films can be modified by incorporating additives, heat curing, and/or irradiation/chemical treatments to achieve optimal mechanical strength and extensibility essential for end‐use handling. Protein films and coatings are strong gas barriers when they are dry but exhibit poor moisture barrier properties due to their inherent hydrophilic nature. Edible films and coatings are versatile carriers for bioactives (e.g. antimicrobials, antioxidants, nutraceuticals, and micronutrients), flavors, colors, and other additives, making them a useful tool in product innovation.
Direct Determination of Interfacial Magnetic Moments with a Magnetic Phase Transition in Co Nanoclusters on Au(111) (2001)

The spin, in-plane and out-of-plane orbital and magnetic dipole moments of almost purely interfacial Co atoms were directly determined for Au/2-monolayer Co nanoclusters/Au(111) by angle-dependent magnetic circular x-ray dichroism (MCXD) measurements. The field- and temperature-dependent MCXD evidences a ferromagnetic(FM)-to-superparamagnetic phase transition in single-domain clusters with decreasing size. The interfacial moments are remarkably enhanced as compared with bulk values, verifying theoretical predictions. The FM clusters show strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, providing promise of applications for nanoscale magnetic bits.
Practical UC-Secure Delegatable Credentials with Attributes and Their Application to Blockchain (2017)

Certification of keys and attributes is in practice typically realized by a hierarchy of issuers. Revealing the full chain of issuers for certificate verification, however, can be a privacy issue since it can leak sensitive information about the issuer's organizational structure or about the certificate owner. Delegatable anonymous credentials solve this problem and allow one to hide the full delegation (issuance) chain, providing privacy during both delegation and presentation of certificates. However, the existing delegatable credentials schemes are not efficient enough for practical use.
Repeatability of gait analysis for measuring knee osteoarthritis pain in patients with severe chronic pain (2013)

Gait measures are receiving increased attention in the evaluation of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Yet, there remains a need to assess variability of gait analysis in patients with knee osteoarthritis over time and how pain affects variation in these gait parameters. The purpose of this study was to determine if important gait parameters, such as the knee adduction moment, knee flexion moment, peak vertical ground reaction force, and speed, were repeatable in patients with mild-to-moderate knee OA over a trial period of 12 weeks. Six patients were enrolled in this cross-over study design after meeting strict inclusion criteria. Gait tests were conducted three times at 4 week intervals and once after the placebo arm of a randomized treatment sequence; each gait test followed a 2-week period of receiving a placebo for a pain modifying drug. Repeatability for each gait variable was found using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with a two-way random model. This study found that the knee adduction moment was repeatable throughout the four gait tests. However, normalized peak vertical ground reaction force and knee flexion moment were not as repeatable, varying with pain. This suggests that these gait outcomes could offer a more objective way to measure a patient's level of pain.
Designing analog and RF circuits for ultra-low supply voltages (2007)

This paper investigates the challenges and opportunities of designing analog and RF integrated circuits to operate from ultra-low supply voltages. Solutions ranging from exploiting the 4 terminals of a MOS device or the threshold voltage dependence on length, to the use of circuit topologies that require only stacks of two devices are discussed. The realization of full analog and RF system functions operating from ultra-low voltages is demonstrated and the enabling architecture modifications are introduced. The techniques and results presented in this paper aim to enable ultra-low voltage analog and RF circuits both in the context of relatively large threshold voltages, e.g., |V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> |=V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> , as well as lower threshold voltages.
Flavonoids of Striga asiatica (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlavonoids of Striga asiaticaT. Nakanishi, J. Ogaki, A. Inada, H. Murata, M. Nishi, M. Iinuma, and K. YonedaCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1985, 48, 3, 491–493Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50039a027https://doi.org/10.1021/np50039a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Systems and methods for photovoltaic string protection (2023)

A system and method includes a circuit for protecting a photovoltaic string. A bypass switch connects in parallel to the photovoltaic string and a hot spot protection switch connects in series with the photovoltaic string. A first control signal controls opening and closing of the bypass switch and a second control signal controls opening and closing of the hot spot protection switch. Upon detection of a hot spot condition the first control signal closes the bypass switch and after the bypass switch is closed the second control signal opens the hot spot protection switch.
Healthcare Resource Utilization and Associated Costs of German Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) - a Retrospective Health Claims Data Analysis (2022)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with increasing prevalence. Although the disease burden associated with DLBCL is high, only limited data on healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and associated costs of German patients with DLBCL is available. Using a large claims database of the German statutory health insurance with 6.7 million enrollees, we identified patients who were newly diagnosed with DLBCL (index date) and had no other cancer co-morbidity. Identification period was between 2011 and 2018 and post index period had to be at least one year except for death. Treatment lines were identified based on a predefined set of medications categorized by established DLBCL treatment recommendations. HCRU and related costs were collected for the entire post index period and per treatment line. 2,495 incident DLBCL patients were eligible for the study. The average follow up time after index was 41.7 months. During follow up 1,991 patients started a 1st line treatment, 868 a 2nd line treatment, and 354 a 3rd line treatment. Overall, patients spent on average 5.24 days per month in hospital after index. While on anti-cancer treatment this number increase to 9 in 1st line, 8.7 in 2nd line, and 9.4 in 3rd line treatment. Overall costs per patient per month (PPPM) were €3,695 after index. While on a treatment line, PPPM costs were €17,170 in 1st line, €13,362 in 2nd line, and €12,112 in 3rd line. Absolute costs sum up to is €59,868, €35,870, and €28,832 during 1st line, 2nd line, and 3rd line, respectively. Main cost drivers were hospitalizations (71% of total costs) and drug acquisition costs (18% of total costs). The financial burden of DLBCL in Germany is high and there is a high medical need for new cost effective therapeutic options that can lower the disease burden and remain financially viable to support the growing number of patients with this aggressive disease.
Optimizing Channel-Statistics-Based Analog Beamforming for Millimeter-Wave Multi-User Massive MIMO Downlink (2017)

In this paper, we consider the design of analog beamformers for the downlink of multi-user massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We specifically investigate systems, where both link ends are equipped with hybrid digital/analog beamforming structures, where the analog beamformers are adapted based on second order channel statistics, reducing the training overhead as well as hardware effort. We present a framework for the optimization of such beamformers operating in mm-wave channels, exploiting the directional characteristics and sparse nature of such channels. We develop an approximate upper bound of the ergodic sum capacity, based on which efficient beamforming algorithms are devised. Simulation results show significant performance improvements of the proposed algorithms compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Applications of computer-aided approaches in the development of hepatitis C antiviral agents (2017)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global health problem that causes several chronic life-threatening liver diseases. The numbers of people affected by HCV are rising annually. Since 2011, the FDA has approved several anti-HCV drugs; while many other promising HCV drugs are currently in late clinical trials. Areas covered: This review discusses the applications of different computational approaches in HCV drug design. Expert opinion: Molecular docking and virtual screening approaches have emerged as a low-cost tool to screen large databases and identify potential small-molecule hits against HCV targets. Ligand-based approaches are useful for filtering-out compounds with rich physicochemical properties to inhibit HCV targets. Molecular dynamics (MD) remains a useful tool in optimizing the ligand-protein complexes and understand the ligand binding modes and drug resistance mechanisms in HCV. Despite their varied roles, the application of in-silico approaches in HCV drug design is still in its infancy. A more mature application should aim at modelling the whole HCV replicon in its active form and help to identify new effective druggable sites within the replicon system. With more technological advancements, the roles of computer-aided methods are only going to increase several folds in the development of next-generation HCV drugs.
Low nuclearity silver clusters in faujasite-type zeolites: optical spectroscopy, photochemistry and relationship to the photodimerization of alkanes (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow nuclearity silver clusters in faujasite-type zeolites: optical spectroscopy, photochemistry and relationship to the photodimerization of alkanesGeoffrey A. Ozin, Francois Hugues, Saba M. Mattar, and Douglas F. McIntoshCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 18, 3445–3450Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100241a019https://doi.org/10.1021/j100241a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Sub-20 fs Soliton Modelocked Lasers (1996)

It is well known that solitonlike pulse shaping generates pulses that are both shorter and more stable [1]. However, for modelocking of solid state lasers it has been always assumed that a window of net gain as short as the pulse itself has to be created that supports only the pulse and suppresses the growth of instabilities. We showed by soliton perturbation theory that in a passively modelocked femtosecond solid-state laser with solitonlike pulse shaping the modelocking process can be stabilized by a broadband slow saturable absorber only [2]. This opens the possibility to generate sub-10 fs pulses with semiconductor absorbers. We reach with the technique of soliton modelocking stabilized by a broadband saturable absorber a regime which was previously only possible with Kerr-Lens Modelocking but our approach is in addition self-starting.
Slim-Cut: A Kerf-Loss-Free Method for Wafering 50-µm-Thick Crystalline Si Wafers Based on Stress-Induced Lift-Off (2008)

In order to tackle the increasing demand of thin wafers, we have developed a new wafering technique for the production of ultra-thin (&lt; 100 μm) crystalline silicon wafers. This new lift-off process, named SLIM-cut (for Stress-induced LIft-off Method), requires only the use of a screen-printer and a belt furnace; no ion-implanted, porous layer or additional thickening by epitaxy is needed to obtain high quality wafers in the thickness range of 50 μm without kerf loss. We deposit on a thick substrate a layer with mismatched coefficient of thermal expansion with respect to the substrate. During cooling, the differential contraction induces a large stress field, which is released by the initiation and the propagation of a crack parallel to the surface. The first unoptimized solar cell device with a very simple process (no back-surface field, no intentional texturing, heterojunction emitter) showed an energy conversion efficiency of 10.0% (1 cm2). This proves the conservation of the material quality during the process. The potential of the method is estimated by the development of a custom-made numerical model. The model uses a 2D finite element method and is able to propagate a crack in a multi-layered structure. The model proposes a concentric re-meshing in the region of the crack tip at every increment and a crack initiation and propagation based on maximum stress criteria. The numerical results are compatible with experimental observations.
Single G centers in silicon fabricated by co-implantation with carbon and proton (2022)

We report the fabrication of G centers in silicon with an areal density compatible with single photon emission at optical telecommunication wavelengths. Our sample is made from a silicon-on-insulator wafer which is locally implanted with carbon ions and protons at various fluences. Decreasing the implantation fluences enables to gradually switch from large ensembles to isolated single defects, reaching areal densities of G centers down to $\sim$0.2 $\mu$m$^{-2}$. Single defect creation is demonstrated by photon antibunching in intensity-correlation experiments, thus establishing our approach as a reproducible procedure for generating single artificial atoms in silicon for quantum technologies.
Tools and Methods for Internal Pipe Coating Evaluation for Gas Transmission Systems (2012)

The option of internally coating a new pipeline, or a section of an existing pipeline has emerged in recent years as competition in the energy marketplace grows more intense and coating technologies have advanced from 100% solvent-base to 100% dry-based. Internally coated pipes would mean additional capital cost, but will result in lower pressure losses, hence lower compression power, lower fuel consumption and lower emission. Therefore, there is a trade-off that needs to be assessed, which is the subject of the present paper. The present paper first provides a proposed standardized method to report the internal wall roughness parameters that could be used to compare bare vs. different coating technologies in a consistent manner. The second part of the paper focuses on evaluating the impact and performance of internal coatings on flow efficiency in energy transmission pipeline systems. A tool and methods were developed to evaluate all of the various options specific to internal pipe coating (including bare pipe option) using a Life Cycle Cost (LCC) economic tool developed for this purpose. The incremental Cumulative Present Value Cost of Service (iCPVCOS) associated with the application of the various coating technologies, as well as quantification of the relative benefits of each compared to a bare pipe, are the main outcome of the tool. This provides an impetus to sound design and selection of the most cost effective technology for internally coating the pipes, whether for new or existing pipeline systems. Examples of various scenarios involving a 2900 km pipeline coated using different internal coating technologies are discussed.
Injectable in situ-forming hydrogels for a suppression of drug burst from drug-loaded microcapsules (2012)

Here, we describe the preparation of microcapsule formulations using in situ-forming hydrogels to achieve desired therapeutic levels over a specific period. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-loaded microcapsules were prepared using a mono-axial nozzle ultrasonic atomizer with an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 65% and a particle size of approximately 60 μm. Injectable formulations were prepared by mixing BSA-FITC-loaded microcapsules (Cap) and chitosan (CH), Pluronic (PL), or methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (MPEG-b-PCL) solution (MP). All formulations were prepared as solutions and became gelatinous drug depot implants after injection into the subcutaneous tissue of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. While monitoring in vivo BSA release, we found that the initial burst release of BSA was retarded by in situ-forming hydrogels. The Tmax and Cmax values for each formulation were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than those of the BSA-FITC-solution alone. The absolute bioavailability of BSA-FITC from each formulation depended on the viscosities of the in situ-forming hydrogels. The viscosities of the in situ-forming hydrogels were considered to be an important factor influencing the initial burst and duration of BSA release over a period of several weeks. One conclusion that might be drawn from this work is that the initial burst and sustained entire release profile depend on the hydrogel properties. In conclusion, we believe the results of the present study provide potential new insights into sustained pharmacological performance and represent a useful experimental platform using in situ-forming hydrogels for future protein delivery research.
Visualization of dimension measurement using a consumer grade tablet camera-audio sensor (2013)

We present a dimension measurement visualization technique using a consumer tablet device. A user is able to control the position and size of a virtual dimension image and confirm the specified dimension on the camera view. The system utilizes speaker and microphone sensor as distance detector to extract information needed for correct sizing of the visualized measurement. Our technique does not require the use of a physical marker or a view of the ground. We implemented a module that could cope with a noisy environment. We also implemented a guide mark module that enables use of the system when multiple objects are presented in the camera view.