gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of optical features of the macula in multiple sclerosis (2013)

Abstract Purpose Differences in optical and irregularity measures of abnormal retinal tissue may provide additional information of impairment of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer complex (GCL+IPL) in multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of our study was to estimate these retinal changes in MS. Methods Twenty‐seven patients with MS were examined using Stratus OCT. The raw macular OCT data was exported and processed using OCTRIMA software and the fractal dimension (FD) and layer index (LI) values of seven intraretinal layers were obtained. The enrolled eyes were divided into two groups, based on ON in the history (ON+ group, n=13 and ON‐ group, n=14). Data of 73 healthy subjects (N) were used as controls. ANOVA with Newman‐Keuls post‐hoc analysis was used for the comparison of FD and LI values. The level of significance was set at p&lt;0.001. Results A significant decrease was observed in LI in the entire macula and the perifoveal region in RNFL (12.4±1.4, 10.8±0.8, 9.3 ±1.4 and 14.0±1.7, 12.0±0.9, 10.0±1.7 for the N, ON‐ and ON+ groups, respectively). The RNFL in the ON‐ group was significantly different from both the N and ON+ groups (p&lt;0.001 for all comparisons). No significant changes were found in the other layers. A significant increase was observed between the ON‐ and ON+ groups in FD in the entire macula and the perifoveal region in the RNFL layer (1.8±0.04, 1.8±0.07 p&lt;0.001 and 1.6±0.06, 1.6±0.1 p&lt;0.001, respectively) but no significant changes were found in the other layers. Conclusion In MS, the optical features of the ganglion cells and the RNFL also change besides the pathological remodeling of macular tissue. This result may help to improve the diagnostic efficacy of OCT in MS. Commercial interest
On-the-fly topic adaptation for YouTube video transcription (2012)

Automatic closed-captioning of video is a useful application of speech recognition technology but poses numerous challenges when applied to open-domain user-uploaded videos such as those on YouTube.In this work, we explore a strategy to improve decoding accuracy for video transcription by decoding each video with a language model (LM) adapted specifically to the topics that the video covers.Taxonomic topic classifiers are used to determine the topic content of videos and to build a large set of topic-specific LMs from web documents.We consider strategies for selecting and interpolating LMs in both supervised and unsupervised scenarios in a two-pass lattice rescoring framework.Experiments on a YouTube video corpus show a 3.6 absolute reduction in WER over generic single-pass transcriptions as well as a statistically significant 0.8 absolute improvement over rescoring with a very large non-adapted LM built from all the documents.
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase in patients with disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. (1982)

Elevated levels of APRT activity are found in erythrocytes from most patients with a primary deficiency of HPRT. A twofold elevation of APRT activity has also been measured in hemolysate from one patient with a deficiency of both OPRT and ODC activity. In an attempt to further define the mechanisms responsible for these apparent alterations in APRT expression, we have studied the catalytic, immunochemical, and electrophoretic properties of APRT in erythrocytes from patients with these inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. We have found that the elevated activity of APRT in HPRT-deficient erythrocytes results from an increased amount of a catalytically normal APRT protein. Immunochemical and electrophoretic studies that this APRT protein is structurally normal. One patient with a deficiency of OPRT-ODC demonstrated a fourfold increase in APRT protein; this enzyme was catalytically less efficient than APRT from normal controls.
Detection of Iron Disulfide Materials in Geological Porous Media Using Spectral Induced Polarization Method (2023)

Summary Iron sulfide (FeS) scale is a known problem that can significantly impact oil and gas (O&amp;G) production. However, current monitoring methods cannot detect the problem at early stages, not until it is too late for any meaningful remedial action. Spectral induced polarization (SIP) is an established geophysical method increasingly used in near-surface environmental applications. The unique characteristics of the SIP method, mainly the sensitivity to both bulk and interfacial properties of the medium, allow for the potential use as a characterization and monitoring tool. SIP is particularly sensitive to metallic targets, such as FeS, with direct implications for the detection, characterization, and quantification of FeS scale. In a column setup, various concentrations of pyrite (FeS2), a common form of FeS scale, within calcite were tested to examine the SIP sensitivity and establish qualitative and quantitative relationships between SIP signals and FeS2 properties. The concentration of FeS2 in the samples directly impacts the SIP signals; the higher the concentration, the higher the magnitude of SIP parameters. Specifically, the SIP method detected the FeS2 presence as low as 0.25% in the bulk volume of the tested sample. This study supports the potential use of SIP as a detection method of FeS2 presence. Furthermore, it paves the way for upcoming studies utilizing SIP as a reliable and robust FeS scale characterization and monitoring method.
3-D Residual Eddy Current Field Characterisation: Applied to Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2013)

Clinical use of the Stejskal-Tanner diffusion weighted images is hampered by the geometric distortions that result from the large residual 3-D eddy current field induced. In this work, we aimed to predict, using linear response theory, the residual 3-D eddy current field required for geometric distortion correction based on phantom eddy current field measurements. The predicted 3-D eddy current field induced by the diffusion-weighting gradients was able to reduce the root mean square error of the residual eddy current field to ~1 Hz. The model's performance was tested on diffusion weighted images of four normal volunteers, following distortion correction, the quality of the Stejskal-Tanner diffusion-weighted images was found to have comparable quality to image registration based corrections (FSL) at low b-values. Unlike registration techniques the correction was not hindered by low SNR at high b-values, and results in improved image quality relative to FSL. Characterization of the 3-D eddy current field with linear response theory enables the prediction of the 3-D eddy current field required to correct eddy current induced geometric distortions for a wide range of clinical and high b-value protocols.
Experiences from teaching an online short-term course on bioelectricity during the pandemic (2021)

This manuscript identifies and describes the main elements in teaching an interdisciplinary short-term applied electromagnetics course on bioelectricity in an online mode. The major takeaway of this study is the identification of enablers for the learning process, when there is no physical interaction between the teacher and the student. The suitability of the assessment methodology when there is no face to face learning is also evaluated during this study.
Expression of the multidrug resistance gene product (P‐glycoprotein) in myelodysplasia is associated with a stem cell phenotype (1991)

Previous studies have indicated relative resistance to chemotherapy in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and associated acute leukaemia. To determine if multidrug resistance may contribute to chemoresistance in these disorders, we studied bone marrow specimens for P-glycoprotein expression (P-GP) by immunocytochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies reactive with cytoplasmic (C219) or surface epitopes (MRK16) of P-GP. Forty-five case specimens from 43 patients were studied, including 32 cases of primary MDS, seven cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) following MDS, and six therapy-related haematological disorders. Cytogenetic analysis was available on 36 specimens. Two staining patterns were detected: (1) cytoplasm and plasma membrane, and (2) staining restricted primarily to the nuclear-cytoplasmic junction. P-GP was detected in seven (22%) cases of primary MDS, four (57%) cases of AML evolving from MDS, and five (83%) cases of therapy-related haematological disorders. Expression of P-GP was restricted to blasts and leukaemic monocytes, and was otherwise absent from terminally differentiated blood cells. Analysis of the relation between P-GP expression and reactivity with the human progenitor cell antigen CD34, revealed a highly significant association (P = 0.001). P-GP reactivity was distributed equally among normal and abnormal karyotypes and did not correlate with specific cytogenetic abnormalities. These findings indicate that multidrug resistance in MDS and karyotypically-related haematological disorders is closely linked to a stem cell phenotype and may contribute to chemoresistance in these disorders.
Polymeric Nanoparticles for Nasal Drug Delivery to the Brain: Relevance to Alzheimer's Disease (2020)

Abstract Currently, Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for more than half of all dementia cases. Although genetics, age, and environmental factors affect the disease, the cause of AD is not yet fully known. Various drugs have been proposed for the prevention and treatment of AD, but the delivery of these therapeutic agents to the brain is difficult. The blood–brain barrier prevents systemic drugs from accessing the central nervous system and designing a suitable system to overcome this barrier has attracted much attention. The intranasal pathway, given its proximity to the brain, provides a great opportunity for drug delivery. Understanding the physiological characteristics of the nose can be useful in selecting the appropriate carrier and material. Some of the emerging vehicles used for nose‐to‐brain delivery of anti‐AD drugs are natural (such as chitosan) and polymeric (such as poly(lactic‐ co ‐glycolic acid) and polyethylene glycol) nanoparticles (NPs). This review discusses the hypotheses for AD pathogenesis and highlights recent advances in the applications of natural and polymeric NPs for treatment. The fundamental and applied aspects of this approach for nasal drug delivery to the brain are reviewed here with thoughts on what is needed for the field to mature also provided.
Power durability dependence on temperature, input power, and structure of electrodes in SAW filters (2012)

Abstract The dependence of power durability on temperature and input power has been studied in detail by using SAW filters with AlMgCu/Ti/AlMgCu/Ti four‐layered electrodes. In SAW filters, acceleration factors of degradation are temperature and input power. These two factors are not independent in actual SAW filters, but it is necessary to control the conditions to keep the independence of these two factors in accelerated deterioration tests. As the results of power durability estimation of four‐layered electrodes taking account of the above point, the activation energy of diffusion showed the value of the bulk diffusion level in tests using 800‐MHz‐band filters, and the dependence of the input power increased in proportion to the frequency of the input power. We also successfully improved the power durability of four‐layered electrodes by modifying the layered structure and increasing the Mg content of the AlMgCu alloy layers. In the former case, the dependence on input power did not change but the absolute level versus the input power was improved. In the latter case the dependence on input power and the absolute level versus the input power did not change but the dependence on temperature increased. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(4): 33‐40, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10413
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Single‐Site Organometallic Catalysts for the Synthesis of High‐Performance Polyolefins (2015)

Abstract Review: 127 refs.
Abstract 3741: Antimetastatic activity of ISTH0047, a potent and selective TGF-beta 2 antisense oligonucleotide, in syngeneic lung metastatic model of mouse 4T1 mammary carcinoma (2016)

Abstract Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) isoforms are the primary mediators for TGF-β signaling via TGF-β receptors and downstream phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cascade. TGF-β is associated with a wide range of biological processes in oncology, including tumor cell invasion, migration, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, as well as regulation of tumor stem cell properties. Mouse 4T1 mammary carcinoma cell line is a transplantable tumor cell line that is highly tumorigenic and invasive and, unlike most tumor models, can spontaneously metastasize from the primary tumor in the mammary gland to multiple distant sites including lymph nodes, blood, liver, lung, brain, and bone. Considering rather challenging preclinical evaluation of antitumor activity in tumor models, mouse 4T1 mammary carcinoma model has been widely used in the literature for evaluation of TGF-β antagonists. In this report, we describe the efficacy of ISTH0047 - a potent and selective TGF-β2 antisense oligonucleotide - in murine 4T1 primary tumors and lung metastasis following tumor cell injection into the mammary fat pad (orthotopic tumor model) of syngeneic Balb/c mice. Consistent with literature data generated with other classes of TGF-β antagonists (e.g., small-molecule kinase inhibitors, antibodies or TGF-β trap agents), although limited antitumor activity was demonstrated on primary tumor growth, marked and statistically significant decrease of lung metastasis number was observed upon subcutaneous administrations of ISTH0047. In addition, side by side comparison with murine surrogates of CTLA-4 or PD-1 antibodies indicated similar efficacy of all test items on lung metastasis in this model. Taken together, these encouraging results pave the way for in-depth preclinical evaluation of both ‘seed and soil’ theory and efficacy of combination regimen (immunomodulation) for better clinical outcome. Citation Format: Katja Wosikowski, Kathy Hasenbach, Jutta Petschenka, Diana Barea Roldan, Sebastian Kreiter, Ugur Sahin, Guillaume Serin, Julie-Orlane Redon, Marc Hillairet de Boisferon, Francis Bichat, Hanna Kohonen, Michel Janicot. Antimetastatic activity of ISTH0047, a potent and selective TGF-beta 2 antisense oligonucleotide, in syngeneic lung metastatic model of mouse 4T1 mammary carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3741.
Adaptive Noise Suppression for Wake-Word Detection by Temporal-Difference Generalized Eigenvalue Beamformer (2020)

This paper proposes an adaptive noise suppression method for wake-word detection by a temporal-difference generalized eigenvalue (TDGEV) beam-former. To emphasize wake-word utterances, which are leading phrases with short duration, the proposed method is based on a generalized eigenvalue beamformer regarding current and past spatial covariance matrices for speech and noise, respectively. It can emphasize wake-words with small distortion and suppress any noises regardless of directions of arrival (DoAs) and noise sources. We perform experiments of wake-word detection with and without beamformers using test data including wake-word utterances from various DoAs. The results show that the proposed TDGEV method reduces false rejects with 32.9% relative error rate reduction.
UV Ruled Grating for the Mars atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission (2019)

NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission advances the understanding of planetary habitability and climate change by investigating how Mars lost its early atmosphere and abundant liquid water. We will present here the UV ruled master diffraction grating design, development and performances provided for the MAVEN mission. We will firstly focus introduce HORIBA Scientific capabilities and heritage for low groove density ruled blazed grating development. Then, we will introduce the grating design with the blazed profile and efficiency optimization and finally the performances characterization we obtained on the flight model gratings.
The Complement System (1992)

The human complement system (C) acts to lyse susceptible cells, to promote phagocytosis of target particles, and to solubilize immune-complexes, its activation generates peptides that mediate features of the inflammatory response. It is comprised of a series of plasma zymogens, activated by proteolytic cleavage in a cascade manner, and of plasma and cell membrane control proteins. Activation is achieved by two independent routes: the classical pathway, started by immunoglobulins, and the alternative pathway, started by cell membrane components. Both of them promote the generation of an enzyme-complex (C3 convertase) able to cleave the pivotal protein of the complement system, C3, thus initiating the common pathway with the formation of the lytic complex (Figure 1). In this paper we will briefly review the physiologic phenomena related to the complement activation and its role in pathogenesis of illness particularly focusing on the studies carried out in our laboratory.
A vertebrate case study of the quality of assemblies derived from next-generation sequences (2011)

The unparalleled efficiency of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has prompted widespread adoption, but significant problems remain in the use of NGS data for whole genome assembly. We explore the advantages and disadvantages of chicken genome assemblies generated using a variety of sequencing and assembly methodologies. NGS assemblies are equivalent in some ways to a Sanger-based assembly yet deficient in others. Nonetheless, these assemblies are sufficient for the identification of the majority of genes and can reveal novel sequences when compared to existing assembly references.
Water permeability of apical and basolateral cell membranes of rat inner medullary collecting duct (1990)

To quantify the pathways for water permeation through the kidney medulla, knowledge of the water permeability (Posmol) of individual cell membranes in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) is required. Therefore IMCD segments from the inner two thirds of inner medulla of Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused in vitro using a setup devised for rapid bath and luminal fluid exchanges (half time, t1/2, of 55 and 41 ms). Differential interference contrast microscopy, coupled to video recording, was used to measure volume and approximate surface areas of single cells. Volume and volume-to-surface area ratio of IMCD cells were strongly correlated with their position along the inner medullary axis. Transmembrane water flow (Jv) was measured in response to a variety of osmotic gradients (delta II) presented on either basolateral or luminal side of the cells. The linear relation between Jv and delta II yielded the cell membrane Posmol, which was then corrected for membrane infoldings. Basolateral membrane Posmol was 126 +/- 3 microns/s. Apical membrane Posmol rose from a basal value of 26 +/- 3 microns/s to 99 +/- 5 microns/s in presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Because of amplification of basolateral membrane, the ADH-stimulated apical membrane remained rate-limiting for transcellular osmotic water flow, and the IMCD cell did not swell significantly. Calculated transcellular Posmol, expressed in terms of smooth luminal surface, was 64 microns/s without ADH and 207 microns/s with ADH. IMCD cells in anisosmotic media displayed almost complete volume regulatory decrease but only partial volume regulatory increase.
Interferometrically Defined Interferometrically Defined 3D Carbon. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
Making love in the network closet (2010)

In this paper, we explore the benefits of videochat for families and the corresponding work that home users engage in to make a video call run smoothly. We explore the varieties of social work required, including coordination work, presentation work, behavioral work, and scaffolding work, as well as the technical work necessary. We outline the benefits families enjoy for doing this work and discuss the ways in which families use videochat to reinforce their identity as a family and reinforce their family values, in effect making - as in creating - love. We conclude with recommendations for improving videochat and for designing with family values in mind more generally.
Variational tetrahedral meshing (2005)

In this chapter, a novel Delaunay-based variational approach to isotropic tetrahedral meshing is presented. To achieve both robustness and efficiency, we minimize a simple mesh-dependent energy through global updates of both vertex positions and connectivity. As this energy is known to be the L1 distance between an isotropic quadratic function and its linear interpolation on the mesh, our minimization procedure generates well-shaped tetrahedra. Mesh design is controlled through a gradation smoothness parameter and selection of the desired number of vertices. We provide the foundations of our approach by explaining both the underlying variational principle and its geometric interpretation. We demonstrate the quality of the resulting meshes through a series of examples. Work published in ACM SIGGRAPH'05 proceedings
Stilbenoids from Leaves of Upuna borneensis (2005)

An acetone extract of the leaves of Upuna borneensis afforded two stilbene tetramer derivatives (upunaphenols F and G) together with four stilbenoids (vaticanols B and C, piceid and cis-piceid).The structures and their relative stereochemistry were determined by spectroscopic techniques, in particular by using 2D NMR method.Upunaphenol G was found to suppress cell growth in HL60 cells with IC 50 at 15.6 µM.
The impact of water flow configuration on crystallisation in LiBr/H<SUB align=right>2O absorption water heater (2011)

Lithium Bromide (LiBr) strong solution entering the absorber tends to crystallise when the absorber temperature is increased for a fixed evaporating pressure. This is considered the key technical barrier for the development of a LiBr absorption heat pump water heater. There are several approaches to avoid the crystallisation problem, such as chemical crystallisation inhibitors, heat and mass transfer enhancement and thermodynamic cycle modification. This paper investigates and compares two flow configurations of LiBr absorption heat pump water heater to evaluate the allowable operating conditions for each. The simulation results indicated that introducing the process water through the absorber first results in lower absorber temperature and hence less tendency for crystallisation.
Radiation Fields in the Vicinity of Compact Accelerator Neutron Generators (2008)

Intense pulsed radiation fields emitted from sealed tube neutron generators provide a challenge for modern health physics survey instrumentation. The spectral sensitivity of these survey instruments requires calibration under realistic field conditions while the pulsed emission characteristics of neutron generators can vary from conditions of steady-state operation. As a general guide for assessing radiological conditions around neutron generators, experiments and modeling simulations have been performed to assess radiation fields near DD and DT neutron generators. The presence of other materials and material configurations can also have important effects on the radiation dose fields around compact accelerator neutron generators.
Phase I/II trial of vaccine therapy with tumor-RNA transfected dendritic cells in patients with advanced malignant melanoma (2005)

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REDACT: preventing database deadlocks from application-based transactions (2013)

In this demonstration, we will present a database deadlocks prevention system that visualizes our algorithm for detecting hold-and-wait cycles that specify how resources (e.g., database tables) are locked and waited on to be locked during executions of SQL statements and utilizes those cycles information to prevent database deadlocks automatically.