gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
10. Supercapacitors in bioelectrochemical systems (2019)

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are devices composed of two electrodes: (1) an&#13;\nanode and a cathode and a (2) separator that can be a solid (e.g., membrane) or a&#13;\nliquid (e.g., electrolyte) [1, 2]. At the anode, the oxidation reaction occurs while at the&#13;\ncathode reduction reaction takes place. Different from classical abiotic electrochemical&#13;\nsystems such as fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors, BESs have biotic&#13;\ncomponents and features in at least one of the two electrodes [1, 2]. It may happen&#13;\nthat both of the electrodes experience and interact with the biotic matter. The biotic&#13;\ncomponents are generally microorganisms and enzymes that categorize fuel cells&#13;\ncalled microbial fuel cells (MFCs) [1, 2] and enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs) [3]. The latter&#13;\nare also known as a general term, that is, biofuel cells (BFCs). BESs dealing with&#13;\nmicroorganisms can also be exploited for the following: (i) generating hydrogen at&#13;\nthe cathode under an external voltage supply in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC);&#13;\n(ii) reducing carbon dioxide to methane, acetate, or other valuable compounds in a&#13;\nmicrobial electrosynthesis cell (MEC); (iii) desalinate water while producing electricity&#13;\n(MDC) [2].
Apolipoprotein CI stimulates the response to lipopolysaccharide and reduces mortality in Gram‐negative sepsis (2006)

Gram-negative sepsis is a major death cause in intensive care units. Accumulating evidence indicates the protective role of plasma lipoproteins such as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in sepsis. It has recently been shown that septic HDL is almost depleted from apolipoprotein CI (apoCI), suggesting that apoCI may be a protective factor in sepsis. Sequence analysis revealed that apoCI possesses a highly conserved consensus KVKEKLK binding motif for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an outer-membrane component of gram-negative bacteria. Through avid binding to LPS involving this motif, apoCI improved the presentation of LPS to macrophages in vitro and in mice, thereby stimulating the inflammatory response to LPS. Moreover, apoCI dose-dependently increased the early inflammatory response to Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia, reduced the number of circulating bacteria, and protected mice against fatal sepsis. Our data support the hypothesis that apoCI is a physiological protector against infection by enhancing the early inflammatory response to LPS and suggest that timely increase of apoCI levels could be used to efficiently prevent and treat early sepsis.
Family variables and their relation to adolescent suicidal ideation among a multi-racial sample of urban high school students (1997)

In a cross-sectional study, a stratified randomly selected sample of 120 sixteen year old adolescents were assessed for suicidal ideation. African-American, Hispanic, and White groups of forty male and female adolescents were chosen from three purposively selected urban high schools. The information was derived in an interview survey method, which included self-designed measures, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Hare Self-Esteem Scale (HSS), the F-COPES, and the Beck Scale of Suicide Ideation. Seventy-one percent of the adolescents admitted suicidal ideation with more females admitting than males. There was no significant difference in prevalence between ethnic groups. Levels of suicidal ideation, from lower to more serious levels of frequency, intensity, and level of intent to commit suicide, were derived and a significant correlation found between the reported more serious levels. Ten percent of the total sample reported suicide attempts, and 4% admitted a suicide attempt at the time of the reported suicide ideation. Twenty-three percent of the adolescents that admitted suicidal ideation reported their experience in preadolescence. The main multivariate analysis combined family, demographic, psychological, and behavioral characteristics in order to determine which family characteristics significantly contributed to the probability of admitted suicidal ideation when compared to the non ideators. Results indicated Gender, self-esteem, and drug use significantly contributed to the probability of admitted suicidal ideation. Probability profiles indicated that a female, with low self-esteem and using drugs had the highest probability of admitting suicidal ideation. None of the family variables significantly contributed. Four other multivariate analyses involved only the ideators in order to identify which family variables explained the variance in frequency and intensity, contributed to the probability of admitted suicidal ideation reported in preadolescence, and contributed to the probability of admitted suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Gender significantly explained the variance within frequency. No variables were identified in the analyses of intensity and suicidal ideation reported in preadolescence. Gender and family coping skills significantly contributed to the probability of admitted suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. These findings are compared to those of others in the literature, and implications for further research and Social Work practice are discussed.
Nano-Scale Tribological Behavior of Polycrystalline Silicon Structural Films in Ambient Air. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Role of interleukin-1 in augmenting serum neutralization of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (1987)

We have previously described an assay to quantify the serum neutralization of bacterial lipopolysaccharide which is based on a spectrophotometric Limulus amoebocyte lysate test (T.J. Novitsky, P.F. Roslansky, G.R. Siber, and H.S. Warren, J. Clin. Microbiol. 21:211-216, 1985). Studies since have shown that serum samples drawn from patients with leukemia and fever, gram-negative or gram-positive bacterial infections, or shock caused by gram-negative bacteria neutralize approximately 10-fold more lipopolysaccharide than do samples from normal controls. These findings suggested that the increased neutralization might reflect an acute-phase response and raised the question of whether it might be under the control of interleukin-1. To answer this question, we studied the neutralization of lipopolysaccharide in serum samples drawn from rabbits before and after the administration of crude interleukin-1, prepared from activated macrophage supernatants, and recombinant human interleukin-1. Crude interleukin-1 induced a 5.7-fold increase in serum neutralization 24 h after intravenous injection, and cloned interleukin-1 induced a 3.0-fold increase (P less than or equal to 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). In individual rabbits given identical doses of crude interleukin-1 on a weight basis, the serum-neutralizing ability correlated significantly with three activities of interleukin-1: rise in temperature (r2 = 0.558; P less than or equal to 0.01), decrease in serum iron (r2 = 0.534; P less than or equal to 0.01), and increase in serum copper (r2 = 0.323; P less than or equal to 0.05). We conclude that the increase in neutralization of bacterial lipopolysaccharide by serum samples drawn from patients with inflammatory states is mediated, at least in part, by interleukin-1, presumably through the induction of acute-phase serum proteins.
Prospective CCR5 Small Molecule Antagonist Compound Design Using a Combined Mutagenesis/Modeling Approach (2011)

The viral resistance of marketed antiviral drugs including the emergence of new viral resistance of the only marketed CCR5 entry inhibitor, maraviroc, makes it necessary to develop new CCR5 allosteric inhibitors. A mutagenesis/modeling approach was used (a) to remove the potential hERG liability in an otherwise very promising series of compounds and (b) to design a new class of compounds with an unique mutant fingerprint profile depending on residues in the N-terminus and the extracellular loop 2. On the basis of residues, which were identified by mutagenesis as key interaction sites, binding modes of compounds were derived and utilized for compound design in a prospective manner. The compounds were then synthesized, and in vitro evaluation not only showed that they had good antiviral potency but also fulfilled the requirement of low hERG inhibition, a criterion necessary because a potential approved drug would be administered chronically. This work utilized an interdisciplinary approach including medicinal chemistry, molecular biology, and computational chemistry merging the structural requirements for potency with the requirements of an acceptable in vitro profile for allosteric CCR5 inhibitors. The obtained mutant fingerprint profiles of CCR5 inhibitors were used to translate the CCR5 allosteric binding site into a general pharmacophore, which can be used for discovering new inhibitors.
Describing the genetic architecture of epilepsy through heritability analysis (2014)

Epilepsy is a disease with substantial missing heritability; despite its high genetic component, genetic association studies have had limited success detecting common variants which influence susceptibility. In this paper, we reassess the role of common variants on epilepsy using extensions of heritability analysis. Our data set consists of 1258 UK patients with epilepsy, of which 958 have focal epilepsy, and 5129 population control subjects, with genotypes recorded for over 4 million common single nucleotide polymorphisms. Firstly, we show that on the liability scale, common variants collectively explain at least 26% (standard deviation 5%) of phenotypic variation for all epilepsy and 27% (standard deviation 5%) for focal epilepsy. Secondly we provide a new method for estimating the number of causal variants for complex traits; when applied to epilepsy, our most optimistic estimate suggests that at least 400 variants influence disease susceptibility, with potentially many thousands. Thirdly, we use bivariate analysis to assess how similar the genetic architecture of focal epilepsy is to that of non-focal epilepsy; we demonstrate both significant differences (P = 0.004) and significant similarities (P = 0.01) between the two subtypes, indicating that although the clinical definition of focal epilepsy does identify a genetically distinct epilepsy subtype, there is also scope to improve the classification of epilepsy by incorporating genotypic information. Lastly, we investigate the potential value in using genetic data to diagnose epilepsy following a single epileptic seizure; we find that a prediction model explaining 10% of phenotypic variation could have clinical utility for deciding which single-seizure individuals are likely to benefit from immediate anti-epileptic drug therapy.
Rat and human dorsal root ganglion electrical and optical signaling using the in vitro chip-based human investigational platform (ICHIP) (2014)

Abstract not provided
Dietary Advanced Glycation Endproducts and Oxidative Stress (2008)

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and oxidative stress (OS) contribute to the development and progression of diabetic complications. We have reported that dietary AGEs and OS induce acute endothelial dysfunction in vivo, but little is known about their effects on adipokines. Twenty inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (mean age: 55.9; range: 32-71 years), received a standard diabetes diet for 6 days. On days 4 and 6, the acute effects of a high-AGE (HAGE) or a low-AGE (LAGE) meal (15.100 vs. 2.750 kU AGE) were studied in a randomized, cross-over, investigator-blinded design. Measurements were performed after an overnight fast, at baseline (B) and at 2, 4, and 6 h after the HAGE or LAGE meals. Both meals had the same ingredients and differed only by the cooking method. Two h following HAGE, a significant decrease from baseline occurred in adiponectin (-10%*double dagger vs. +0%) and leptin (-22%*double dagger vs. -13%*), and a significant increase occurred in vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (+19%*double dagger vs. -5%) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (+23%*double dagger vs. +6%). These changes did not occur, or occurred to a lesser extent, following LAGE. At 4 h following HAGE, an increase in methylglyoxal (+20%double dagger vs. -5%) and E-selectin (+54%*double dagger vs. -3%) occurred. Urinary AGEs increased only after HAGE (+51%*double dagger vs. -2%; values presented as HAGE vs. LAGE; *P < 0.05 vs. baseline, double daggerP < 0.05 vs. LAGE). The postprandial excursions in glucose, insulin, and triglycerides were similar between both meals. A meal rich in AGEs induces acute endothelial and adipocyte dysfunction. These effects were prevented by changing the cooking method.
High Frequency of Specific CD8+ T Cells in the Tumor and Blood Is Associated with Efficient Local IL-12 Gene Therapy of Cancer (1999)

Cancer immunotherapy often aims at the reactivation and expansion of tumor-specific CTL. In an attempt to correlate in situ and/or systemic tumor-specific T cell expansion with tumor regression, we investigated the effects of adenovirus-mediated IL-12 or IFN-gamma gene transfer into established P815 murine tumors. While IFN-gamma was no more potent than the vector alone, IL-12 gene transfer promoted tumor eradication. Despite this antitumor effect, no significant cytolytic activity was detectable using classical cytotoxicity assays from in vitro restimulated splenocytes. Since intratumor gene delivery may induce a localized expansion of CTL, the presence of P815-specific CD8+ T cells in situ was assessed. Using the Immunoscope approach, we found a dramatic increase in clonotypic T cells at the tumor site following IL-12, but not IFN-gamma gene delivery. Antitumor CD8+ T cell frequencies were then re-evaluated using this molecular detection technique, which revealed a comparable expansion of specific T cells in the peripheral organs, most strikingly in the blood. These data show that local IL-12 gene transfer, in contrast to IFN-gamma, mediates a potent antitumor effect that correlates to clonal tumor-specific T cell expansions in situ and in the periphery.
Variations in standing-wave impedance tube design and the effect on the resulting data (2012)

Standing-wave impedance tubes are a practical and common method for estimating the acoustic absorption characteristics of a material. However, the standing-wave impedance tube test contains inherent variability with its design. Impedance tube standards allow for flexibility in tube material and tube dimensions. These variables in the design criteria of the impedance tube can produce disparities between measured absorption coefficients across different impedance tubes as well as when compared to well-established reverberation room data. Consequently, when designing a tube, in order to obtain accurate absorption values, it becomes necessary to optimize a tube, beyond merely preventing cross modes and allowing for a long enough tube to develop a pressure high and low. This study examines the effects of surface interactions in impedance tubes and how varying tube dimensions, most notably the width, will affect wave development.
Selective and Sequential Photorelease Using Molecular Switches (2006)

Effiziente Freisetzung: Niederenergetisches sichtbares Licht wandelt die thermisch stabilen cyclischen Dithienylethen-Derivate 1 in ihre unbeständige Form 2 um, die spontan zerfällt (siehe Schema). Die photoresponsive Struktur ist so ausgelegt, dass zwei Systeme in einer Mischung selektiv mit unterschiedlichen Lichtquellen zur Freisetzung einer „Nutzlast“ angeregt werden können. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z601584_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Microbubble-mediated ultrasound therapy: a review of its potential in cancer treatment (2013)

The inherently toxic nature of chemotherapy drugs is essential for them to kill cancer cells but is also the source of the detrimental side effects experienced by patients. One strategy to reduce these side effects is to limit the healthy tissue exposure by encapsulating the drugs in a vehicle that demonstrates a very low leak rate in circulation while simultaneously having the potential for rapid release once inside the tumor. Designing a vehicle with these two opposing properties is the major challenge in the field of drug delivery. A triggering event is required to change the vehicle from its stable circulating state to its unstable release state. A unique mechanical actuation type trigger is possible by harnessing the size changes that occur when microbubbles interact with ultrasound. These mechanical actuations can burst liposomes and cell membranes alike allowing for rapid drug release and facilitating delivery into nearby cells. The tight focusing ability of the ultrasound to just a few cubic millimeters allows for precise control over the tissue location where the microbubbles destabilize the vehicles. This allows the ultrasound to highlight the tumor tissue and cause rapid drug release from any carrier present. Different vehicle designs have been demonstrated from carrying drug on just the surface of the microbubble itself to encapsulating the microbubble along with the drug within a liposome. In the future, nanoparticles may extend the circulation half-life of these ultrasound triggerable drug-delivery vehicles by acting as nucleation sites of ultrasound-induced mechanical actuation. In addition to the drug delivery capability, the microbubble size changes can also be used to create imaging contrast agents that could allow the internal chemical environment of a tumor to be studied to help improve the diagnosis and detection of cancer. The ability to attain truly tumor-specific release from circulating drug-delivery vehicles is an exciting future prospect to reduce chemotherapy side effects while increasing drug effectiveness.
Using a Heterogeneous Linguistic Network for Word Sense Induction and Disambiguation (2016)

"Linguistic Networks are structures that allow us to model the characteristics of human language through a graph-like schema. This kind of modelization has proven to be useful while dealing with natural language processing tasks. In this paper, we first present and discuss the state of the art of recent semantic relatedness methods from a network-centric point of view. That is, we are interested in the types of networks used to solve practical semantic tasks. In order to address some of the short-comings in the studied approaches, we propose a hybrid linguistic structure that takes into account lexical and syntactical language information. We show our model’s practicality with a proof of concept: we set to solve word sense disambiguation and induction while using the presented network schema. Our modelization aims to shed light into ways of combining distinct types of linguistic information in order to take advantage of each of its components’ unique characteristics."
Determination of material model parameters from orthogonal cutting experiments (2015)

Flow stress models in finite element analysis of metal cutting require material parameters that are essential considering the accuracy of the simulations. This article presents a method to acquire material parameters from cutting experiments using the extended Oxley’s shear zone theory. The novelty in this approach is to use measured chip geometry and temperature instead of determining them analytically to calculate strain and strain rate. These values are used to calculate the resultant cutting forces with the extended Oxley’s model and Johnson–Cook flow stress model. Flow stress model parameters are optimized to fit the calculated forces to those measured from cutting experiments. The Johnson–Cook parameters acquired with this method perform better than those found in the literature.
Tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane (THAM): An efficient organocatalyst in diversity-oriented and environmentally benign synthesis of spirochromenes (2018)

Tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane has been demonstrated to be an efficient organocatalyst in diversity-oriented synthesis of medicinally prevalent spirochromenes by one-pot, three-component reactions between isatins, malononitrile, and enolizable C H acids like dimedone, 4-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxy- N -methylquinolin-2-one, or in situ generated 2-methylpyrazolon-2-one. Biodegradability and extremely low cost of the catalyst are the noteworthy features of this chromatography-free protocol.
Report from the joint SIGGRAPH/SIGCOMM workshop on graphics and networking (1991)

article Free Access Share on Report from the joint SIGGRAPH/SIGCOMM workshop on graphics and networking Authors: Ralph Droms Bucknell University Bucknell UniversityView Profile , Bob Haber University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignView Profile , Fengmin Gong Washington University Washington UniversityView Profile , Chris Maeda Carnegie-Mellon University Carnegie-Mellon UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGGRAPH Computer GraphicsVolume 25Issue 5Oct. 1991 pp 260–263https://doi.org/10.1145/126722.126723Published:01 October 1991Publication History 1citation77DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads77Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Fracture and Fatigue Crack-Growth Behavior of Interfaces in Thermal Barrier and Wear Resistant Coating Systems (1998)

Abstract : The research on the fracture and fatigue crack-growth behavior of single crystal intermetallics was motivated by the need for improved high temperature engineering materials. The approach using a first principles total energy calculation of the energies of ?001! and ?110! surfaces in NiAl, by Yoo and Fu predicts very low fracture toughness vs. experimental findings. As the program has developed, the focus has shifted to the use of thermal barrier and wears resistant coatings to improve material behavior at high temperature and other extreme service conditions. The present emphasis therefore to develop thermal barrier and wear resistant coating systems with improved integrity and long term reliability. The major accomplishment of this work has been the development of fracture-mechanics based techniques to accurately and reproducibly measure the fracture resistance (or adhesion) of coating systems. We believe the data presented to be unique for the two coating systems characterized. Interface toughness, K, data was obtained for several specimens containing multi-layer systems of PSZ-NiAl-Pt- Superalloy and TiAlN-Cermet. The interfaces prone to fracture were identified. Experiments were also completed to analyze crack-growth under cyclic fatigue loading of these interfaces.
On Observer Problems for Systems Governed by Partial Differential Equations (1987)

Abstract : The problem of observers has been introduced in the control literature by Luenberger. Let us consider a dynamic system which is deterministic, but whose initial state is unknown. An observer is a model which mimics the behavior of the physical system, and in particular its state becomes closer and closer as time evolves to the state of physical system. There is a great deal of freedom in such a design and it is important to investigate various kinds of observers.