gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polypharmacy in Multiple Sclerosis: Prevalence, Risks, and Mitigation Strategies (2023)

Research in people with multiple sclerosis has identified risk factors and negative outcomes associated with polypharmacy. Medication class-specific investigations highlight their contribution to potentially inappropriate polypharmacy in people with multiple sclerosis. People with multiple sclerosis are at risk for inappropriate polypharmacy. Multiple sclerosis providers should review medications and consider their appropriateness and potential for deprescribing within the context of each patient.
Computationally Efficient DOA Estimation in a Multipath Environment Using Covariance Differencing and Iterative Spatial Smoothing (2005)

High-resolution signal processing using sensor arrays to estimate the directions of unknown correlated signals in multipath environments is associated with high computational complexity. This paper proposes a computationally efficient direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm. The algorithm is based on two stages of detection: a first stage for discriminating uncorrelated signals and a second stage for resolving the directions of arrival of correlated signals using covariance differencing and iterative spatial smoothing. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm operates at a much lower computational cost compared to standard methods.
Synthesis and pharmacological activity of the N‐terminal dermorphin tetrapeptide analogs with CH2‐NH peptide bond isosteres (1992)

The synthesis of pseudotetrapeptides H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-NH-(CH2)2--NH2 (1a), H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-psi (CH2--NH)-Gly-NH2 (2a), H-Tyr-D-Ala-psi (CH2--NH)-Phe-Gly-NH2 (3a), and H-Tyr-psi (CH2--NH)-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-NH2 (4a), representing the N-terminal tetrapeptide sequence of dermorphin, in which amide bonds are replaced by CH2--NH bond, is described. N-acetyl-Tyr and desamino-Tyr pseudopeptide analogs (1-4b), (1-3c) are also described. The analogs were assayed in binding studies based on displacement of mu and delta-receptor selective radiolabels from rat brain membrane and in a bioassay using guinea pig ileum (GPI). Pseudopeptides in which the C-terminal (1a) or D-Ala-Phe (3a) amide bond are substituted, exhibit higher mu-affinities and mu-receptor selectivity than the corresponding Phe-Gly or Tyr-D-Ala analogs (2a, 4a). Acetyl-and desamino-Tyr pseudopeptide analogs (1-4b) and (1-3c) did not exhibit mu and delta-opioid receptor affinity at nM concentration. The relevance of the single peptide replacement and of its association to acetylation or amino group elimination of Tyr, is discussed on the basis of a receptor model for mu and delta opioids.
Seedling Emergence of Common Bean Accessions under Suboptimal Temperature (2004)

Suboptimal seedbed temperatures in early spring limit common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedling emergence. This field study evaluated emergence of cultivated and wild common bean when subjected to suboptimal seedbed temperature. One hundred and eighty common bean accessions and three control cultivars were planted on 3 May at Saskatoon, Sask., in 2000 and 2001. Percent emergence, cumulative thermal units to 50% anthesis and to 50% maturity, and seed yield were determined. The seedbed temperature during the 2 weeks after planting ranged between 1 and 18 °C in 2000, and 5 and 17 °C in 2001. At 20 days after planting, emergence in accession G8823 was significantly greater than the control cultivars in 2000. `CDC Nighthawk', a black bean control cultivar was comparable in emergence to G8823 at 30 days after planting. A similar trend was observed in 2001 with the exception that emergence was greater at 30, 40, and 50 days after planting due to a warmer seedbed. `CDC Nighthawk' was among the earliest to mature, although it required a significantly higher cumulative thermal unit to anthesis compared to most other accessions. G8823 could serve as a parent to develop elite bean cultivars with emergence at suboptimal seedbed temperatures.
Noninvasive measurement of regional cerebral blood flow change with H/sub 2//sup 15/O and positron emission tomography using a mechanical injector and a standard arterial input function (1993)

To estimate changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) without arterial sampling in the study of functional-anatomical correlations in the human brain, using (15)O-labeled water and PET, a standard arterial input function was generated from the input function in 10 normal volunteers with dose calibration and peak time normalization. The speed and volume of injection were precisely controlled with a mechanical injector. After global normalization of each tissue activity image, the standard arterial input function was applied to obtain estimated CBF images. Relative changes in estimated rCBF to whole brain mean CBF(DeltaFest) and those in regional tissue activity (DeltaC) were compared with true relative rCBF changes (DeltaF) in 40 pairs of images obtained from 6 normal volunteers. DeltaFest correlated well with DeltaF, whereas DeltaC consistently underestimated DeltaF. This noninvasive method simplifies the activation studies and provides the accurate estimation of relative flow changes.
A three‐wavelength labeling approach for DNA sequencing using energy transfer primers and capillary electrophoresis (1998)

Capillary electrophoresis DNA sequencing has been accomplished by using four different energy transfer primers and three fluorescence detection channels. Methods have also been developed to deconvolve the three-color data into the four base concentrations. The nonnegative least squares and model selection method resulted in the best accuracy. The three-color data were compared to sequencing data obtained using four detection channels and four energy transfer primers. The average accuracy rates obtained over three 500 base M13mp18 runs using three-color coding were 96% including 18 uncallable compressions and 99.6% if these compressions are excluded. The average accuracy rate obtained using four-color coding was 96.3% including 18 uncallable compressions and 99.9% if these compressions are excluded. Although it is unlikely that three-color schemes will replace four-color sequencing, these methods have exposed basic concepts that will be useful in the development of higher-order multiplex coding methods for DNA analysis.
De Novo Production of Metabolites by Fungal Co-culture of Trichophyton rubrum and Bionectria ochroleuca (2013)

The co-cultivation of fungi has recently been described as a promising strategy to induce the production of novel metabolites through possible gene activation. A large screening of fungal co-cultures in solid media has identified an unusual long-distance growth inhibition between Trichophyton rubrum and Bionectria ochroleuca. To study metabolite induction in this particular fungal interaction, differential LC-MS-based metabolomics was performed on pure strain cultures and on their co-cultures. The comparison of the resulting fingerprints highlighted five de novo induced compounds, which were purified using software-oriented semipreparative HPLC-MS. One metabolite was successfully identified as 4″-hydroxysulfoxy-2,2″-dimethylthielavin P (a substituted trimer of 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid). The nonsulfated form, as well as three other related compounds, were found in the pure strain culture of B. ochroleuca.
Enhanced emission of quantum dots embedded within the high-index dielectric regions of photonic crystal slabs (2016)

We demonstrate a method for combining sputtered TiO2 deposition with liquid phase dip-coating of a quantum dot (QD) layer that enables precise depth placement of QD emitters within a high-index dielectric film, using a photonic crystal (PC) slab resonator to demonstrate enhanced emission from the QDs when they are located at a specific depth within the film. The depth of the QDs within the PC is found to modulate the resonant wavelength of the PC as well as the emission enhancement efficiency, as the semiconducting material embedded within the dielectric changes its spatial overlap with the resonant mode.
Higher levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with a lower incidence of multiple sclerosis only in women (2008)

Our data suggest that higher circulating levels of 25(OH)D are associated with a lower incidence of MS and MS-related disability in women. This may imply clues to the pathogenesis of the sex difference in risk and to the nature of the environmental factors involved in MS.
Theoretical calculations and performance results of a PZT thin film actuator (2003)

High piezoelectric coupling coefficients of PZT-based material systems can be employed for actuator functions in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) offering displacements and forces which outperform standard solutions. This paper presents simulation, fabrication, and development results of a stress-compensated, PZT-coated cantilever concept in which a silicon bulk micromachining process is used in combination with a chemical solution deposition (CSD) technique. Due to an analytical approach and a finite element method (FEM) simulation for a tip displacement of 10 microm, the actuator was designed with a cantilever length of 300 microm to 1000 microm. Special attention was given to the Zr/Ti ratio of the PZT thin films to obtain a high piezoelectric coefficient. For first characterizations X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hysteresis-, current-voltage I(V)- and capacitance-voltage C(V)-measurements were carried out.
Positron Annihilation in [Fe(ptz)6](BF4)2 and [Zn(ptz)6](BF4)2 Single Crystals Studied with One-Dimensional Angular Correlation of Annihilation Radiation (1998)

One-dimensional angular correlation of positron annihilation radiation spectra (1D-ACAR) from single crystals of [Fe(ptz) 6 ](BF 4 ) 2 and [Zn(ptz) 6 ](BF 4 ) 2 along the c -axis are measured in the temperature range between 23 K and 295 K. A remarkable temperature dependence of the ACAR spectra for [Fe(ptz) 6 ](BF 4 ) 2 around the spin-crossover temperature (130 K) is observed and interpreted as being due to spin-conversion of positronium atoms. This observation suggests that the positronium atoms are localized in the vicinity of the central Fe(II) ion of [Fe(ptz) 6 ](BF 4 ) 2 . In contrast, ACAR spectra for [Zn(ptz) 6 ](BF 4 ) 2 , which shows no spin-crossover, are almost independent of temperature. No evidence for the formation of delocalized free positronium atoms is found in either sample.
Load Profile Modeling Using High-Frequency Appliance Measurements for Nonintrusive Load Monitoring (2020)

Many load disaggregation algorithms have been presented, capable of identifying individual appliances' operation within a buildings' electrical load profile. Publicly available datasets offer the potential to evaluate and compare these algorithms. Due to differing application areas, datasets show inconsistent characteristics, so exploitation of this potential is not straightforward. Aim of the presented work is to contribute towards solving this problem. We present a methodology for utilizing high-frequency appliance measurements for load profile modeling, while trying to keep modifications of the measured appliance features to a minimum. The voltage measurements were used to separate the appliances' events and states in current for each grid period, to be able to recombine appliance behavior in a user-defined manner. The modeled load profiles showed high accuracy compared to aggregated measurements. The presented methodology can be applied to various datasets and appliance measurements, to create standardized load profiles for the development, evaluation and comparison of disaggregation algorithms.
Ionothermal Synthesis of Metal‐Organic Frameworks Using Low‐Melting Metal Salt Precursors** (2023)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous, crystalline materials constructed from organic linkers and inorganic nodes with myriad potential applications in chemical separations, catalysis, and drug delivery. A major barrier to the application of MOFs is their poor scalability, as most frameworks are prepared under highly dilute solvothermal conditions using toxic organic solvents. Herein, we demonstrate that combining a range of linkers with low-melting metal halide (hydrate) salts leads directly to high-quality MOFs without added solvent. Frameworks prepared under these ionothermal conditions possess porosities comparable to those prepared under traditional solvothermal conditions. In addition, we report the ionothermal syntheses of two frameworks that cannot be prepared directly under solvothermal conditions. Overall, the user-friendly method reported herein should be broadly applicable to the discovery and synthesis of stable metal-organic materials.
Regiochemistry of Copper(I)-Mediated Cyclization Reactions of Halo-dienamides (2007)

Reaction of 2-substituted dienamides with catalytic amounts of copper halide/tripyridylamine (TPA) furnishes either 5-exo or 6-endo products with the outcome dependent upon the radical initiating unit. Reaction of 3-substituted dienamides produces beta-lactams via a 4-exo cyclization with termination of the reaction occurring via either halogen atom transfer, trapping with oxygen, elimination, or radical-radical coupling depending upon the diene.
Using Clinical Balance Tests to Assess Fall Risk among Established Unilateral Lower Limb Prosthesis Users: Cutoff Scores and Associated Validity Indices (2019)

III.
Shadow Clones: an Unattended Visual Interface to Enhance the Task Performance in Multiple Space using Gaze-Switching (2022)

We propose Shadow Clones; a user interface with unattended visual information to accomplish multiple tasks in multiple spaces using fast-gaze-switching. Shadow Clones interface provides not only a cursor on the view area the user is gazing at but also cursors on other view areas that the user is not gazing at. To validate Shadow Clones, we designed a successive reaching task and compared our approach to single-cursor interface, in which the cursor was displayed in the view area that the user currently gaze at. The results showed that the shadow clones’ condition improved performance while maintaining fast switching. Our approach is expected to be an interface design for interactions in which a single user can manipulate multiple bodies.
A Generalized Method of Undetermined Coefficients (2022)

The method of undetermined coefficients is used to solve constant coefficient nonhomogeneous differential equations whose forcing function is itself the solution of a homogeneous constant coefficient differential equation. In this paper, we show that the classical methods for tackling constant coefficient equations, including the method of undetermined coefficients, generalize to much wider class linear differential equations which, for example, include Cauchy-Euler type equations. This general method includes an explicit construction of the fundamental solution sets of such equations. We also briefly consider where this method can be applied by producing the most general second and third order differential equations that are polynomial in a first order differential operator. In addition, we provide a number of constant coefficient, Cauchy-Euler, and novel examples.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Regulation of the Embryonic Morphogen Nodal by Notch4 Facilitates Manifestation of the Aggressive Melanoma Phenotype (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Regulation of the Embryonic Morphogen Nodal by Notch4 Facilitates Manifestation of the Aggressive Melanoma Phenotype
Using Olfaction and Unpleasant Reminders to Reduce the Intention-behavior Gap in Hand Washing (2016)

Lack of hand washing is a leading cause of food borne illnesses. To successfully increase hand hygiene compliance, interventions must have continual engagement with employees. This study used a real-time prospective memory (PM) scenario to measure the effectiveness of a control and sensory reminders of disgust to influence hand washing behavior and performance. First, a model of hand washing performance was built by having six participants' hands contaminated with GermGlo (a florescent micro-particle) and then washed their hands using predetermined protocols while monitored by an electronic hand hygiene verification (HHV) system. Next, eighty Hispanic/Latino participants, in a between-group experimental design, performed a PM experiment while one of four reminders were present (hand washing poster, disgusting image, disgusting sound, and disgusting odor) as the HHV recorded their hand washing performance. Visual cues, typical of hand washing campaigns, were not as effective at increasing hand hygiene compliance as disgust-induced sensory cues. Furthermore, olfactory disgust showed a significantly higher probability that individuals would engage in hand washing behaviors than all other conditions. This study provides new insight into the effectiveness of different senses and emotion to reduce the intention-behavior gap associated with modifying behaviors, and broadens current PM research to a real-time application.
Advance of large-area achromatic flat lenses (2023)

A new framework of light coherence optimization is proposed to design non-ideal broadband achromatic lenses, enabling large-scale flat lenses' implementation and high performance. The strategy paves the way for practical planar optical devices and full-color imaging systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemoselective Metal‐Free Reduction of Tertiary Amides. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Selective Extraction of Gold by Niacin (2021)

Gold recovery using a sustainable and inexpensive method has tremendous environmental and economic implications. We developed a highly cost-effective and sustainable method of gold extraction in which aqueous Au3+ is precipitated selectively as it is complex with the biomolecule niacin, having an overall formula, [AuCl4]−[2Niacin + H]+, abbreviated as I. This selective precipitation occurs from mixtures of Au3+ with Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ along with commonly occurring alkali (Na+/K+) and alkaline earth (Mg2+/Ca2+) metal ions. From single-crystal studies, it was confirmed that electrostatic attraction and supramolecular interactions are the reasons for such co-precipitation, which was also confirmed by spectroscopy. Using the method, about 96.5% of gold was extracted in 2 min from electronic waste composed of Au, Cu, and Ni. This method was also employed to extract gold from nanomaterial waste generated in laboratories. Niacin, being inexpensive and renewable, costing ∼US$ 6000 per ton in the local market, the method may be used for cost-effective, selective and sustainable extraction of gold from diverse raw materials.
Growth and Characterization of High Quality Continuous GaN Films on Si-Doped Cracked GaN Templates (2001)

It was found that continuous GaN films could be grown on cracked Si-doped GaN templates. Plan-view and cross section micrographs showed that no cracks occurred in the top GaN layer although it was grown on a cracked Si-doped GaN layer. The continuous GaN films on the cracked Si-doped GaN have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. It was shown that the top GaN film is of high crystal quality. A good surface morphology has been proven by scanning electron microscopy observations. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the screw and/or mixed dislocation density in the top GaN film has been greatly reduced. However, pure edge dislocation density in the film remains unchanged.
<title>Segmentation of electron microscopy images through Gabor texture descriptors</title> (1996)

We have developed a robust method for image segmentation based on a local multiscale texture description. We first apply a set of 4 by 4 complex Gabor filters, plus a low-pass residual (LPR), producing a log-polar sampling of the frequency domain. Contrary to other analysis methods, our Gabor scheme produces a visually complete multipurpose representation of the image, so that it can also be applied to coding, synthesis, etc. Our sixteen texture features consist of local contrast descriptors, obtained by dividing the modulus of the response of the complex Gabor filter by that of the LPR at each location. Contrast descriptors are basically independent of slow variations in intensity, while increasing the robustness and invariance of the representation. Before applying the segmentation algorithm, we equalize the number of samples of the four layers in the resulting pyramid of local contrast descriptors. This method has been applied to segmentation of electron microscopy images, obtaining very good results in this real case, where robustness is a basic requirement, because intensity, textures and other factors are not completely homogeneous.
In Situ Construction of Uniform and Robust Cathode–Electrolyte Interphase for Li‐Rich Layered Oxides (2020)

Abstract High‐energy‐density Li‐rich layered oxides (LLOs) as promising cathodes for Li‐ion batteries suffer from the dissolution of transition metals (especially manganese) and severe side reactions in conventional electrolytes, which greatly deteriorate their electrochemical performance. Herein, an in situ “anchoring + pouring” synergistic cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) construction is realized by using 1,3,6‐hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN) and tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate (TMSP) electrolyte additives to alleviate the challenges of an LLO (Li 1.13 Mn 0.517 Ni 0.256 Co 0.097 O 2 ). HTCN with three nitrile groups can tightly anchor transition metals by coordinative interaction to form the CEI framework, and TMSP will electrochemically decompose to reshape the CEI layer. The uniform and robust in situ constructed CEI layer can suppress the transition metal dissolution, shield the cathode against diverse side reactions, and significantly improve the overall electrochemical performance of the cathod with a discharge voltage decay of only 0.5 mV cycle −1 . Further investigations based on a series of experimental techniques and theoretical calculations have revealed the composition of in situ constructed CEI layers and their distribution, including the enhanced HTCN anchoring effect after lattice densification of LLOs. This study provides insights into the in situ CEI construction for enhancing the performance of high‐energy and high‐voltage cathode materials through effective, convenient, and economical electrolyte approaches.