gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma density inside a femtosecond laser filament in air: Strong dependence on external focusing (2006)

Our experiment shows that external focusing strongly influences the plasma density and the diameter of femtosecond Ti-sapphire laser filaments generated in air. The control of plasma filament parameters is suitable for many applications such as remote spectroscopy, laser induced electrical discharge, and femtosecond laser material interactions. The measurements of the filament showed the plasma density increases from 10(15)cm(-3) to 2 x 10(18)cm(-3) when the focal length decreases from 380 cm to 10 cm while the diameter of the plasma column varies from 30 microm to 90 microm. The experimental results are in good qualitative agreement with the results of numerical simulations.
Antivirals That Target the Amino-Terminal Domain of HIV Type 1 Glycoprotein 41 (1995)

Functional and structural studies were made to assess whether a class of antiviral agents targets the N-terminal domain of the glycoprotein 41,000 (gp41) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Previous experiments have shown that the amino-terminal peptide (FP-I; 23 amino acids, residues 519-541) of HIV-1 gp41 is cytolytic to both human erythrocytes (non-CD4+ cells) and Hut-78 cells (CD4+ lymphocytes). Accordingly, FP-I-induced hemolysis may be used as a surrogate assay for evaluating the role of the N-terminal gp41 domain in HIV-cell interactions. Here, we studied the blocking of FP-I-induced lysis of erythrocytes by the following anti-HIV agents: (1) IgG [i.e., anti-(518-541) IgG] raised to an immunoconjugate of Arg-FP-I, (2) apolipoprotein A-1 (apo A-1) and a peptide based on apo A-1, (3) dextran sulfate, (4) gp41 peptide (residues 637-666), and (5) anionic human serum albumins. Dose-response curves indicated that their relative potency in inhibiting FP-I-induced hemolysis was approximately correlated with their previously reported anti-HIV activity. Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies showed that FP-I spin labeled at the N-terminal alanine binds to anti-(518-541) IgG, dextran sulfate, and anionic albumins. The high in vitro antiviral activity and low cytotoxicity of these agents suggest that blocking membrane-FP-I interactions offers a novel approach for AIDS therapy or prophylaxis.
Squaraine donors for high efficiency small molecule solar cells (2011)

It has been a challenge to achieve high efficiency organic photovoltaics (OPV) that absorb long wavelength solar radiation without incurring unacceptable reductions in open circuit voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> ) or charge separation efficiency. Based on the parent structure of the 2, 4-bis[4-(N, N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (SQ), we have increased V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> using a family of highly near-infrared absorbing SQs, achieving values as high as 0.94 V. These SQ donors are: 2, 4-bis[4-(N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (1-NPSQ),2,4-bis[4-(N, N-diphenylamino)-2,6 dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (DPSQ), 2,4-bis[4-(N, N-diphenylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] asymmetric squaraine (DPASQ). The spin-cast SQ, 1-NPSQ, DPSQ and DPASQ donors are then coated with the acceptor C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</sub> to form bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells that take advantage of their exceptionally high absorption coefficient and nanocrystalline morphology to overcome the short diffusion length characteristic of these materials. Combined with a high short-circuit current density (J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sc</sub> =10.6 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and high fill factor (FF=0.64), the optimized 1-NPSQ/C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</sub> photovoltaic cells with 1-NPSQ annealed at elevated temperature have a power conversion efficiency of η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> as high as 6.0% (correcting for solar mismatch) at 1 sun (AM 1.5G) simulated solar illumination, which to our knowledge is the highest efficiency reported to date for small molecule OPVs.
A task-space formulation of passive force control (2002)

The thesis of the paper is that a passive robotic wrist, of fixed mechanical design, can be programmed to execute a wide range of force control laws of potential use in automated assembly. The authors conduct a systematic study to characterize the range of control laws (given by admittance matrices) implementable by passive programmable mechanical devices. The authors electrical network theory results to identify the admittance matrices which are attainable in the joint-space of the wrist. They then project these matrices in the task-space and compare the range of task-space matrices with a known class of matrices in an attempt to quantify the versatility of passive devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analysis and approximation of a finite-range jump process. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
Histoplasma capsulatumSynthesizes Melanin-Like Pigments In Vitro and during Mammalian Infection (2002)

Melanin is made by several important pathogenic fungi and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of fungal infections. This study investigated whether the thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum produced melanin or melanin-like compounds in vitro and during infection. Growth of H. capsulatum mycelia in chemically defined minimal medium produced pigmented conidia. Growth of H. capsulatum yeast in chemically defined minimal medium with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) or (-)-epinephrine produced pigmented cells. Treatment of the pigmented cells with proteolytic enzymes, denaturant, and hot concentrated acid yielded dark particles that were similar in size and shape to their respective propagules. Melanin-binding monoclonal antibodies (MAb) labeled pigmented conidia, yeast, and the isolated particles as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy revealed that pigmented yeast cells and particles derived from pigmented cells were stable free radicals consistent with their identification as melanins. Tissues from mice infected with H. capsulatum and from biopsy specimens from a patient with histoplasmosis contained fungal cells that were labeled by melanin-binding MAb. Digestion of infected mouse tissues yielded dark particles that reacted with the melanin-binding MAb and were similar in appearance to H. capsulatum yeast cells. Additionally, sera from infected mice contained antibodies that bound melanin particles. Phenoloxidase activity capable of synthesizing melanin from L-DOPA was detected in cytoplasmic yeast cell extracts. These findings indicate that H. capsulatum conidia and yeast can produce melanin or melanin-like compounds in vitro and that yeast cells can synthesize pigment in vivo. Since melanin is an important virulence factor in other pathogenic fungi, this pigment may have a similar role to play in the pathogenesis of histoplasmosis.
Next Generation High-Definition Geomagnetic Model for Wellbore Positioning, Incorporating New Crustal Magnetic Data (2021)

Abstract Magnetic wellbore positioning depends on an accurate representation of the Earth's magnetic field,where the borehole azimuth is inferred by comparing the magnetic field measured-whiledrilling (MWD) with a geomagnetic reference model. Therefore, model accuracy improvements reduce the position uncertainties. An improved high-resolution model describing the core, crustal and external components of the magnetic field is presented, and it is validated with anindependent set of measurements. Additionally, we benchmark it against other high-resolution geomagnetic models. The crustal part of the improved high-definition model is based on NOAA/NCEI's latest magnetic survey compilation "EMAG2v3" which includes over 50 millionnew observations in several parts of the world, including the Gulf of Mexico and Antarctica, and does not rely on any prior information from sea-floor geology, unlike earlier versions. The core field part of the model covers years 1900 through 2020 andis inferred from polar-orbiting satellite data as well as ground magnetic observatory data. The external field part is modelled to degree and order 1 for years 2000 through 2020. The new model has internal coefficients to spherical harmonic degree and order 790, resolving magnetic anomalies to approximately 51 km wavelength at the equator. In order to quantitatively assess its accuracy, the model was compared with independent shipborne, airborne and ground magnetic measurements. We find that the newmodel has comparable or smaller errors than the other models benchmarkedagainst it over the regions of comparisons. Additionally, we compare theimproved model against magnetic datacollected from MWD; the residual error lies well within the accepted industry error model, which may lead tofuture error model improvements.
1460: Complications and Functional Outcomes of Salvage Radical Prostatectomy for Radio-Recurrent Prostate Cancer (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium, Tuesday, May 11, 2004, 10:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 20041460: Complications and Functional Outcomes of Salvage Radical Prostatectomy for Radio-Recurrent Prostate Cancer Andrew J. Stephenson, Peter T. Scardino, Fernando J. Bianco, Paul A. Fearn, Christopher J. Di Blasio, and James A. Eastham Andrew J. StephensonAndrew J. Stephenson More articles by this author , Peter T. ScardinoPeter T. Scardino More articles by this author , Fernando J. BiancoFernando J. Bianco More articles by this author , Paul A. FearnPaul A. Fearn More articles by this author , Christopher J. Di BlasioChristopher J. Di Blasio More articles by this author , and James A. EasthamJames A. Eastham More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)38685-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1460: Complications and Functional Outcomes of Salvage Radical Prostatectomy for Radio-Recurrent Prostate Cancer." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), pp. 384–385 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 384-385 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Andrew J. Stephenson More articles by this author Peter T. Scardino More articles by this author Fernando J. Bianco More articles by this author Paul A. Fearn More articles by this author Christopher J. Di Blasio More articles by this author James A. Eastham More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
An Antibody-Catalyzed Oxy-Cope Rearrangement (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Antibody-Catalyzed Oxy-Cope RearrangementAndrew C. Braisted and Peter G. SchultzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5, 2211–2212Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00084a098RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views433Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (223 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Iridium(III) Phosphors–Bearing Functional 9‐Phenyl‐7,9‐dihydro‐8H‐purin‐8‐ylidene Chelates and Blue Hyperphosphorescent OLED Devices (2022)

Herein, a series of blue‐emitting Ir(III) phosphors is reported based on the cyclometalating N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), in which the typical benzimidazolylidene entity is now replaced by a new 7,9‐dihydro‐8H‐purin‐8‐ylidene unit. The two extra‐nitrogen atoms of benzimidazolylidene entity that are successfully fined turn the emission to the true‐blue region. As the proof of concept, both experimental measurement and theoretical calculation of these emitters are conducted, revealing high photoluminescence quantum yields up to 92%, peak maximum located in the region 420–490 nm, and radiative lifetime lower than 1 μs, depending on their stereochemical configuration (i.e., meridional or facial), together with distinctive phenyl cyclometalating appendage. Their photophysical characteristics are among the best of carbene‐based Ir(III) blue phosphors. Blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) using one representative derivative m‐2tBu as sole dopant emitter achieves a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 17.0%, and a small efficiency roll‐off of 16% at 1000 cd m −2 . Furthermore, a true‐blue hyperphosphorescent OLED with 25 wt% of m‐2tBu as sensitizer and 2 wt% of N 7 ,N 7 ,N 13 ,N 13 ,5,9,11,15‐octaphenyl‐5,9,11,15‐tetrahydro‐5,9,11,15‐tetraaza‐19b,20b‐diboradinaphtho[3,2,1‐ de :1′,2′,3′‐ jk ]pentacene‐7,13‐diamine (ν‐DABNA) as emitter is also fabricated, giving excellent performance with maximum EQE up to 22.0% and Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) xy coordinates of (0.120, 0.155).
Risk of an Altered Interestrus Interval Following Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cattle (1990)

Clinical mastitis and reproductive records from two southern California dairy herds were used in a cross-sectional study to determine the risk of an altered interestrus interval following clinical mastitis.
Fragmentation of vitamin B12 in aerosol matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (1997)

Aerosol matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) with a reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer was used to study fragmentation of vitamin B12. Six MALDI matrices were used: 2,5-di-hydroxy benzoic acid (gentisic acid), 4-nitroaniline, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid (sinapic acid), 3,4-di-hydroxy cinnamic acid (caffeic acid), trans-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid (ferulic acid), and α-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid (4-HCCA). Mass spectra were obtained with a 355-nm pulsed Nd:YAG laser at irradiances between 0. 1 and 5 GW/cm2 (between 3- and 150-mJ pulse energy). Loss of CN was a major product of prompt ion source fragmentation and the ratio of fragmented to intact analyte was found to be strongly dependent on matrix and weakly dependent on laser irradiance. Additionally, free cobalt ions and cobalt ions bound to small methanol clusters were observed in the mass spectra. The cobalt removal from the corrin ring of vitamin B12 results from direct photon absorption by vitamin B12, but is enhanced by the presence of matrix.
Superconducting Narrowband Filter for Receiver of Weather Radar (2009)

We have developed a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) filter with narrow bandwidth characteristic for receiver of weather radar in order to reduce interference between adjacent radar channels. To realize a filter with which a narrow bandwidth and low insertion loss are compatible, resonators with high unloaded Q (Qu) value are required. Hairpin microstrip resonators with 1.5 times wavelength were adopted to suppress the radiation loss and achieve a high Qu value. The developed HTS filter has 8-pole quasi-elliptic function response for sharp skirt characteristic. The measured frequency response of the developed filter shows center frequency of 5370MHz, insertion loss of 2.04dB and maximum return loss of 15dB, which agrees with the designed responses.
The kinetic requirements of extreme qPCR (2019)

The kinetic requirements of quantitative PCR were experimentally dissected into the stages of DNA denaturation, primer annealing, and polymerase extension. The temperature/time conditions for 2 stages were kept optimal, while the other was limited until the amplification efficiency decreased as measured by an increase in quantification cycle (Cq). Extension was studied in a commercial capillary LightCycler®. Using a rapid deletion mutant of Taq (KlenTaq<sup>™</sup>), about 1 s was required for every 70 bp of product length. To study annealing and denaturation times of <1 s, a custom "extreme" PCR instrument with 3 temperatures was used along with increased primer and polymerase concentrations. Actual sample temperatures and times were measured rather than programmed or predicted. For denaturation, 200-500 ms above the denaturation threshold was necessary for maximal efficiency. For annealing, 300-1000 ms below the annealing threshold was required. Temperature thresholds were set at 98% primer annealing or PCR product denaturation as determined experimentally by melting curves. Progressing from rapid cycle PCR to extreme PCR decreased cycling times by 10-60 fold. If temperatures are controlled accurately and flexibility in reagents is allowed, PCR of short products can be performed in less than 15 s. We also put PCR in context to other emerging methods and consider its relevance to the evolution of molecular diagnostics.
Covering sleeves can shield the high-voltage coils from lead chatter in an integrated bipolar ICD lead (2007)

A covering sleeve over the distal high-voltage coil of an integrated bipolar ICD lead can mechanically shield the lead from metal-metal interactions, which might otherwise result in sensed artefact and inappropriate ICD therapies or withholding of pacing output. This finding has implications for lead selection when a new ICD lead is to be implanted adjacent to abandoned intracardiac leads or lead fragments.
On the Mach wave effect in impact pile driving, its observation, and its influence on transmission loss (2012)

Pile driving in water produces extremely high sound pressure levels in the surrounding underwater environment of order 10 kPa at ranges of order 10 m from the pile that can result in deleterious effects on both fish and marine mammals. In Reinhall and Dahl [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130, 1209-1216, Sep. 2011] it is shown that the dominant underwater noise from impact driving is from the Mach wave associated with the radial expansion of the pile that propagates down the pile at speeds in excess of Mach 3 with respect to the underwater sound speed. In this talk we focus on observations of the Mach wave effect made with a 5.6 m-length vertical line array, at ranges 8-15 m in waters of depth ~12.5 m. The key observation is the dominant vertical arrival angle associated with the Mach wave, ~17 deg., but other observations include: its frequency dependence, the ratio of purely waterborne energy compared with that which emerges from the sediment, and results of a mode filtering operation which also points to the same dominant angle. Finally, these observations suggest a model for transmission loss which will also be discussed. [Research supported by the Washington State Department of Transportation.]
Outcomes of atrial arrhythmia radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with Ebstein’s anomaly (2016)

Catheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias in patients with EA has a favorable outcome overall with an acceptable recurrence and safety profile; left-sided ablations are rarely necessary. Despite prior Maze and catheter ablation procedures, CTI-AFl and IART recurrences predominate.
The Outlook for Environmentally Degradable Plastics 1 (2018)

Much effort in the past has been to stabilize plastics and make them more resistant to ultraviolet light and other environmental conditions that tend to make them degrade. Degradable plastics are made from polymers designed to break down in the environment through a number of mechanisms. The use of environmentally degradable plastics will increase as legislation is implemented mandating their use in specific applications. Key technology approaches to plastics degradation include photochemical action, microbiologic attack, physical stress, and chemical attack. Certainly a product that exists as litter exposed to the sun would utilize a photodegradable plastic compared to a product that will be buried in a landfill and might utilize a microbiologic degradation or an autooxidation mechanism. Plastic materials that degrade into environmentally innocuous end products has been proposed to alleviate the plastic waste disposal problem. This approach faces a number of technical and commercial hurdles.
Bimetallic Iron–Palladium Catalyst System as a Lewis-Acid for the Synthesis of Novel Pharmacophores Based Indole Scaffold as Anticancer Agents (2021)

The Friedel-Crafts reaction between substituted indoles as nucleophiles with chalcones-based benzofuran and benzothiophene scaffolds was carried out by employing a highly efficient bimetallic iron-palladium catalyst system. This catalytic approach produced the desired <i>bis</i>-heteroaryl products with low catalyst loading, a simple procedure, and with acceptable yield. All synthesized indole scaffolds <b>3a</b>-<b>3s</b> were initially evaluated for their cytotoxic effect against human fibroblast BJ cell lines and appeared to be non-cytotoxic. All non-cytotoxic compounds <b>3a</b>-<b>3s</b> were then evaluated for their anticancer activities against cervical cancer HeLa, prostate cancer PC3, and breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines, in comparison to standard drug doxorubicin, with IC<sub>50</sub> values 1.9 ± 0.4 µM, 0.9 ± 0.14 µM and 0.79 ± 0.05 µM, respectively, and appeared to be moderate to weak anticancer agents. Fluoro-substituted chalcone moiety-containing compounds, <b>3b</b> appeared to be the most active member of the series against cervical HeLa (IC<sub>50</sub> = 8.2 ± 0.2 µM) and breast MCF-7 cancer cell line (IC<sub>50</sub> = 12.3 ± 0.04 µM), whereas 6-fluroindol-4-bromophenyl chalcone-containing compound <b>3e</b> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 7.8 ± 0.4 µM) appeared to be more active against PC3 prostate cancer cell line.
Supplementary Figure 1 from A Novel Experimental Heme Oxygenase-1–Targeted Therapy for Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from A Novel Experimental Heme Oxygenase-1–Targeted Therapy for Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer
Disposition of Sodium Salicylate, Flunixin, and Meloxicam After Intravenous Administration in Ostriches (Struthio camelus) (2002)

Information regarding pharmacokinetic disposition of drugs in ostriches (Struthio camelus) is very scarce. Three common veterinary nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (sodium salicylate, SA; flunixin, FLU; and meloxicam, MEL) were administered intravenously to young ostriches. Plasma concentrations of the drugs were determined by validated high-performance liquid chromatography methods and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. After intravenous administration of SA (25 mg/kg), FLU (1.1 mg/kg), and MEL (0.5 mg/kg), these drugs were eliminated from plasma with mean half-lives of 1.32, 0.17, and 0.5 hours, respectively. Apparent volumes of distribution (0.36 L/kg, 0.13 L/kg, and 0.58 L/kg, respectively) indicated that tissue distribution was limited for the 3 drugs. Total body clearance was 0.19 L/h·kg for SA and 0.50 and 0.72 L/kg·h for FLU and MEL, respectively. These nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, especially FLU and MEL, are rapidly cleared from the ostrich body.