gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Screen-Printed Flexible Coplanar Waveguide Transmission Lines: Multi-physics Modeling and Measurement (2019)

Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) is a promising technology enabling many applications in biomedical, communication, energy harvesting and internet of things (IoT) areas. To realize FHE applications, the components and devices used in the mentioned technologies need to be electrically characterized under various flexible conditions such as stretching, bending, twisting, and folding. Also, the strain analysis from the mechanical point of view needs to be conducted to justify the reliable applications of FHE under different flexible scenarios. In this paper, the design and electrical characterization of coplanar waveguides (CPWs) in flexible substrates such as Kapton polyimide and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) under uniaxial bending are studied and discussed. The fabricated lines were measured using a vector network analyzer (VNA) up to 8 GHz under both flat and bending conditions. Finite-element models (FEM) of CPW lines were created in ANSYS HFSS to capture the effect of bending on the CPW frequency response. In addition, the variations in the trace width and separations along the CPW lines were modeled accurately to capture the variations in the fabrication process and their effect on the CPW S-parameters in the flat condition. The finite element analysis of strain variation during bending was also performed and the relationship between strain variation and CPW performance was investigated. The bending of the CPW lines was carried out using two parallel plates that had a gap distance varying from 40 mm to 140 mm. The S-parameters were monitored in-situ while the substrate was under bending. The experimental results were compared against simulated results under both flat and bent configurations. Based on the conducted studies, correlation was achieved for the flat and bending scenarios between measurement and simulation results. Also, it was observed that the CPW line has better matching and lower losses compared with the flat case and tensile bending cases.
A 19-Gb/s Serial Link Receiver With Both 4-Tap FFE and 5-Tap DFE Functions in 45-nm SOI CMOS (2012)

This paper presents the design of a 19-Gb/s serial link receiver with both 4-tap feed-forward equalizer (FFE) and 5-tap decision-feedback equalizer (DFE), thereby making the equalization system self-contained in the receiver. This design extends existing power-efficient DFEs based on current-integrating summers and adds FFE functionality to the DFE circuit infrastructure for an efficient implementation. Key techniques for implementing receive-side FFE are: the use of multiphase quarter-rate sample-and-hold circuits for generating multiple time-shifted input data signals, time-based analog multiplication for FFE coefficient weighting, and a merged FFE/DFE summer. The receiver test chip, implemented in a 45-nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology, occupies 0.07 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and has a power efficiency of 6.2 mW/Gb/s at 19 Gb/s. Step-reponse characterization of the receiver demonstrates accurate FFE computation. The receiver equalizes a 35-in PCB trace at 17 Gb/s with a channel loss of 30 dB at 8.5 GHz and a 20-in PCB trace at 19 Gb/s with a channel loss of 25 dB at 9.5 GHz.
Quantum trajectory equation for multiple qubits in circuit QED: Generating entanglement by measurement (2008)

In this paper we derive an effective master equation and quantum trajectory equation for multiple qubits in a single resonator and in the large resonator decay limit. We show that homodyne measurement of the resonator transmission is a weak measurement of the collective qubit inversion. As an example of this result, we focus on the case of two qubits and show how this measurement can be used to generate an entangled state from an initially separable state. This is realized without relying on an entangling Hamiltonian. We show that, for {\em current} experimental values of both the decoherence and measurement rates, this approach can be used to generate highly entangled states. This scheme takes advantage of the fact that one of the Bell states is decoherence-free under Purcell decay.
10-Gbit/s repeaterless transmission at 1.3 μm with 55.1-dB power budget using Raman post- and preamplifier (2002)

Summary form only given. Here we show that the performance of 1.3-/spl mu/m Raman amplifiers can match the best results obtained with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and demonstrate l0-Gbit/s unrepeated transmission at 1.3 /spl mu/m over 168.5 km of standard single-mode fiber with a record power budget of 55.1 dB. The 55.1-dB power budget is achieved using a Raman booster amplifier at the transmitter and a Raman preamplifier at the receiver.
Strain induced osteogenesis of the craniofacial suture upon controlled delivery of low-frequency cyclic forces (2003)

Static forces have been used for more than a century to modulate osteogenesis of craniofacial sutures in not only laboratory research, but also clinical practice. Whether cyclic forces more effectively stimulate sutural osteogenesis than static forces is unknown. Here, the premaxillomaxillary sutures of growing rabbits received in vivo exogenous static forces with peak magnitude of 2 Newtons, or cyclic forces also at 2 Newtons but with frequencies of 0.2 Hz and 1 Hz. The static force and two cyclic forces did not evoke significant differences in the peak magnitude of static bone strain (506 microstrain 182; mean S.D.), 0.2-Hz cyclic strain (436 microstrain 191) or 1-Hz cyclic strain (461 microstrain 229). However, cyclic forces at 0.2 Hz delivered to the premaxillomaxillary suture for 10 min/d over 12 days (120 cyclic per day) induced significantly more craniofacial growth (p< 0.01), marked sutural separation, and islands of newly formed bone, in comparison with both sham controls and static force of matching peak magnitude. The bone strain threshold of approximately 500 microstrain for inducing sutural osteogenesis is lower than the minimum effective strain capable of inducing bone apposition in long bones. These data demonstrate, for the first time, that application of brief doses of cyclic forces induces sutural osteogenesis more effectively than static forces with matching peak magnitude.
Cell Transplantation for Gastroparesis (2011)

Pathogenesis of gastroparesis results from dysfunction at various levels of a complex neuromuscular network involving the interplay between central nervous system, enteric nervous system, interstitial cells of Cajal, and smooth muscle cells. Current therapies, whether pharmacologic or device-based (electrical stimulation), fail to restore proper function of this network. The ideal treatment would involve replacing disease or dead cells while maintaining appropriate spatial and temporal function of the network. Transplantation of stem cells offers a potential means to accomplish such a feat. In this chapter, we discuss the progress that has been made discovering various stem cell populations that may be suitable for such cell-based therapies. We focus on embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells, enteric neural progenitors, and progenitors of interstitial cells of Cajal.
Analog-Domain Time-Series Moment Extraction for Low Power Predictive Maintenance Analytics (2022)

This work presents a novel low-power CMOS implementation for fast statistical feature extraction from time series. Machine learning (ML) models have become standard for time series processing, however, need to rely on a statistical feature extraction stage. Low power statistical feature extraction from time series has received limited attention despite its central role. Addressing this gap, we present a CMOS-based nonparametric statistical feature extraction. We exploit hardware-level opportunities in the analog domain, such as eliminating additions by current outputs and simplifying kernel cells. We also leverage algorithmic opportunities to utilize continuous-domain sample integration to downsample time series without affecting accuracy. Our propositions are experimentally verified using TSMC 65nm test chip and show 17–75 × lower energy than an advanced digital design on various statistical features. While analog processing is susceptible to non-idealities, co-designing the downstream ML model against such non-idealities can retain accuracy to benefit from the analog domain's area/energy efficiency.
Data from Elucidating the Function of Secreted Maspin: Inhibiting Cathepsin D–Mediated Matrix Degradation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Cellular interaction with the extracellular milieu plays a significant role in normal biological and pathologic processes. Excessive degradation of basement membrane matrix by proteolytic enzymes is a hallmark of tumor invasion and metastasis, and aspartyl proteinase cathepsin D is implicated as a major contributor to this process. Maspin, a non-inhibitory serpin, plays an important role in mammary gland development and remodeling. Expression of Maspin is decreased in primary tumors and lost in metastatic lesions. Maspin is mostly cytoplasmic and is partially secreted; however, the fate and function of secreted Maspin has remained mostly unexplored. We hypothesized that secreted Maspin is incorporated into the matrix deposited by normal mammary epithelial cells and thus could play a critical role in cathepsin D–mediated matrix degradation and remodeling of mammary tissue. In the absence of Maspin, as is the case with most cancer cells, matrix degradation proceeds unrestricted, thus facilitating the progression to metastasis. To test this, we employed an &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; model where gels containing both types I and IV collagen were preconditioned with normal mammary epithelial cells to allow the incorporation of secreted Maspin. This conditioned matrix was used to examine cathepsin D–mediated collagen degradation by human breast cancer cell lines. Our results indicate that secretion of Maspin and its deposition into the extracellular milieu play an important role in matrix degradation. In this capacity, Maspin could potentially regulate mammary tissue remodeling occurring under normal and pathologic conditions. In addition, these findings could have a potential effect on future therapeutic intervention strategies for breast cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3535–9]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Rationale and Preclinical Efficacy of a Novel Anti-EMP2 Antibody for the Treatment of Invasive Breast Cancer (2014)

Despite significant advances in biology and medicine, the incidence and mortality due to breast cancer worldwide is still unacceptably high. Thus, there is an urgent need to discover new molecular targets. In this article, we show evidence for a novel target in human breast cancer, the tetraspan protein epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2). Using tissue tumor arrays, protein expression of EMP2 was measured and found to be minimal in normal mammary tissue, but it was upregulated in 63% of invasive breast cancer tumors and in 73% of triple-negative tumors tested. To test the hypothesis that EMP2 may be a suitable target for therapy, we constructed a fully human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody specific for a conserved domain of human and murine EMP2. Treatment of breast cancer cells with the anti-EMP2 IgG1 significantly inhibited EMP2-mediated signaling, blocked FAK/Src signaling, inhibited invasion, and promoted apoptosis in vitro. In both human xenograft and syngeneic metastatic tumor monotherapy models, anti-EMP2 IgG1 retarded tumor growth without detectable systemic toxicity. This antitumor effect was, in part, attributable to a potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity response as well as direct cytotoxicity induced by the monoclonal antibody. Together, these results identify EMP2 as a novel therapeutic target for invasive breast cancer.
Transient activation of notch signaling enhances endogenous stromal cell expansion and subsequent bone defect repair (2021)

The clinical uses of this therapeutic strategy would be immediately applicable for chronic long bone defect repair. More importantly, this devised strategy for expansion of endogenous BMSCs can also be applied to enhance other tissue and organ repair.
A new model for the characterization of infection risk in gunshot injuries:Technology, principal consideration and clinical implementation (2011)

Deep penetration of potential exogenous bacteria can be simulated easily and reproducibly with barium titanate particles shot into a gelatin block. Additionally, this procedure permits conclusions to be drawn about the distribution of possible contaminants and thus can yield essential findings in terms of necessary therapeutic procedures.
A mathematical model for incorporating biofeedback into human postural control (2013)

The biofeedback model developed in this study is capable of capturing experimental response trajectory shapes with low average errors and high cross-correlation values in both the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions for all perturbation directions and spatial resolution display configurations considered. The results validate that biofeedback can be modeled as an additional torque to the postural controller without a need for sensory reweighting. This novel approach is scalable and applicable to a wide range of movement conditions within the fields of balance and balance rehabilitation. The model confirms experimental results that increased display resolution does not necessarily lead to reduced body sway. To our knowledge, this is the first theoretical confirmation that a spatial display resolution of 180° can be as effective as a spatial resolution of 22.5°.
Experimental Investigation of Channel Estimation for IEEE802.11b WLAN System (2007)

Software-defined radio (SDR) is a technology of widespread interest in wireless communications. With the SDR terminal, packets may be transmitted through multiple wireless communication links. The terminal may recognize the channel conditions and select one of the links. For this purpose, the channel estimation is required. In this paper, the channel estimation for IEEE802.11b WLAN system is investigated through an experiment. In order to estimate the impulse response of the channel, a pseudo-inverse matrix with a threshold is employed. The results indicate that the channel can be estimated precisely with an optimum threshold.
Identification of Nanoscale Ingredients in Commercial Food Products and their Induction of Mitochondrially Mediated Cytotoxic Effects on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2015)

Titanium dioxide (E171) and silicon dioxide (E551) are common additives found in food products, personal-care products, and many other consumer products used in daily life. Recent studies have reported that these food additives (manufactured E171 and E551) contain nanosized particles of less than 100 nm. However, the particle size distribution and morphology of added TiO2 and SiO2 particles are not typically stated on the package label. Furthermore, there is an increasing debate regarding health and safety concerns related to the use of synthetic food additives containing nanosized ingredients in consumer products. In this study, we identified the size and morphology of TiO2 and SiO2 particles in commercially available food products by using transmission electron microscope (TEM). In addition, the in vitro toxicological effects of E171 and E551 on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), an adult stem cell-based model, were assessed using the MTT assay and a flow cytometry-based JC-1 assay. Our TEM results confirmed the presence of nanoscale ingredients in food products, and the in vitro toxicology results indicated that the nanoscale E171 and E551 ingredients induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity, changes in cellular morphology, and the loss of mitochondrial trans-membrane potential in hMSCs. These preliminary results clearly demonstrated that the nanoscale E171 and E551 particles had adverse effects on hMSCs by inducing oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Accordingly, further studies are needed to identify the specific pathway involved, with an emphasis on differential gene expression in hMSCs.
The breadcrumb forwarding service (2000)

If ubiquitously deployed, IP Multicast promises to provide an efficient datagram service for an arbitrary sending host to reach an arbitrary and dynamic set of destination hosts anywhere in the Internet. Unfortunately, two very difficult problems ---interdomain multicast routing and viable end-to-end multicast transport--- have yet to be solved and deployed satisfactorily.This paper proposes that two existing but independent network mechanisms--- the EXPRESS service model and the network component of the Pragmatic Multicast protocol (PGM)--- be synthesized in a scheme we call the Breadcrumb Forwarding Service (BCFS) to simultaneously tackle the problems of interdomain multicast routing and end-to-end reliable multicast. Like EXPRESS, BCFS utilizes explicit-source group join and like PGM, enhances the network forwarding architecture with finer-grained group control. In this paper, we detail BCFS service model and router mechanisms to support the service. To demonstrate the flexibility and efficiency of BCFS, we describe the application examples built on this service model, which can accommodate not only PGM and also a novel reliable multicast transport protocol.
A Novel Highly Effective Second-generation Grubbs Pre-catalyst for the Ring-closing Metathesis (2022)

N-ヘテロ環状カルベン（NHC）骨格の4位に電子供与性の高いMe3Si-基を導入した配位子を用いて，ルテニウムカルベン錯体[Cl2(Cy3P)(4-Me3Si-IPr) Ru=CHPh] （錯体触媒1, IPr = 1,3-ビス(2,6-ジイソプロピルフェニル)イミダゾール-2-イリデン）を新規に合成し，NMRを用いて分光学的に化合物を同定した。この錯体触媒1について，ジエチルジアリールマロネートの閉環メタセシス反応で触媒性能の評価を行った。錯体触媒1の触媒性能は市販の第一世代グラブス触媒 [Cl2(Cy3P)2Ru=CHPh] を大きく上回るとともに，文献既知のMe3Si-基を持たない無置換NHCを配位子とする第二世代グラブス触媒 [Cl2(Cy3P)(IPr)Ru=CHPh] と同等以上の触媒活性を示した。
Policies for efficient memory utilization in a remote caching architecture (2002)

The high performance networks in modern distributed systems enable a site to obtain cached objects from the main memory of other sites more quickly than the time needed to access local disks. In this environment, efficient mechanisms can be devised to support rapid request/response exchanges for objects that reside on remote sites. As a result, it becomes possible to use remote memory as an additional layer in the memory hierarchy between local memory and disks. The paper studies the performance potential of remote memory caching. A key issue is managing the of object replicas maintained by different sites. Although exploiting remote memory improves performance over a wide range of cache sizes as compared to a distributed client/server caching architecture, efficient use of remote memory can be difficult to achieve. The effect of several system parameters, and several cache policies are examined; their effect on both overall and local system performance is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Constraint-based routing in path-protected translucent optical networks considering fiber nonlinearities and polarization mode dispersion (2008)

In this paper we present a novel physical layer impairment (PLI) aware routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) approach combined with PLI-aware regenerator placement. We consider the dominant linear and nonlinear signal quality degrading effects in 10 Gb/s non-return to zero (NRZ) on-off keying (OOK) systems by analytical models for amplified spontaneous emission noise (ASE), filter crosstalk, group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) as well as cross-phase modulation (XPM) and four wave mixing (FWM). As a topology for our study we have chosen the COST266 reference network, which is a pan-European meshed network with a total of 28 nodes and 41 (bidirectional) edges. For this network demands have been defined based on a population-based model. To facilitate transmission over very long path lengths regenerator pools have been placed sparsely at certain nodes due to cost considerations. The regenerator sites are selected based on a heuristic algorithm taking into account the physical effects resulting in signal quality degradation. Due to the high cost of optical-electrical-optical (OEO) conversion as few regenerators as possible are deployed. In our investigations we assumed a 1+1 path protection scheme in the optical layer. The exact assessment of the signal quality based on the current traffic situation using our methods permits a network performance (wavelength blocking probability) comparable to an opaque network with only a small number of regenerators.
Codewords Detection in Microblogs Focusing on Differences in Word Use Between Two Corpora (2022)

In recent years, the number of drug trafficking using microblogs has been increasing, which has become a social problem. While cyber patrols have been conducted to crack down on such crimes, those who post crime-inducing messages use terms that camouflage their criminal intentions so-called “codewords” to avoid keywords such as “enjo kosai,” “marijuana,” and “methamphetamine” that may be monitored and attract police attention. These codewords change once they become popular, so it is always necessary to keep track of the latest codewords. Therefore, we propose a new method for detecting the latest codewords. In this paper, we offer a new way of detecting code words from the differences in the words used in posts to detect codewords used in a crime. Specifically, we propose a new method in which we divide words into two corpora, depending on whether a post containing a word has a criminal intention and detect codewords from the differences between similar words of the same word between two corpora. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conducted an experiment to detect codewords. The experimental results showed that the proposed method was able to detect codewords with an accuracy of 0.56 persentages points higher than that of the baseline method. The experiment shows that the proposed method can reduce the burden of continuously monitoring code words by rapidly and automatically detecting new codewords that change with time; thus, it provides the possibility of showing clues for crimes.
ChemInform Abstract: Formamicin, a Novel Antifungal Antibiotic Produced by a Strain of Saccharothrix sp. Part 1. Taxonomy, Production, Isolation and Biological Properties. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Superlens induced loss-insensitive optical force (2016)

A slab with relative permittivity ɛ = -1+iδ and permeability μ = ‑1+iδ has a critical distance away from the slab where a small particle will either be cloaked or imaged depending on whether it is located inside or outside that critical distance. We find that the optical force acting on a small cylinder under plane wave illumination reaches a maximum value at this critical distance. Contrary to the usual observation that superlens systems should be highly loss-sensitive, this maximum optical force remains a constant when loss is changed within a certain range. For a fixed particle-slab distance, increasing loss can even amplify the optical force acting on the small cylinder, contrary to the usual belief that loss compromises the response of supenlens.