gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of radiotracer imaging in Parkinson disease (2005)

Radiotracer imaging (RTI) of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system is a widely used but controversial biomarker in Parkinson disease (PD). Here the authors review the concepts of biomarker development and the evidence to support the use of four radiotracers as biomarkers in PD: [18F]fluorodopa PET, (+)-[11C]dihydrotetrabenazine PET, [123I]beta-CIT SPECT, and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET. Biomarkers used to study disease biology and facilitate drug discovery and early human trials rely on evidence that they are measuring relevant biologic processes. The four tracers fulfill this criterion, although they do not measure the number or density of dopaminergic neurons. Biomarkers used as diagnostic tests, prognostic tools, or surrogate endpoints must not only have biologic relevance but also a strong linkage to the clinical outcome of interest. No radiotracers fulfill these criteria, and current evidence does not support the use of imaging as a diagnostic tool in clinical practice or as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials. Mechanistic information added by RTI to clinical trials may be difficult to interpret because of uncertainty about the interaction between the interventions and the tracer.
Sensitivity of portable low-field magnetic resonance imaging for multiple sclerosis lesions (2022)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a fundamental tool in the diagnosis and management of neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). New portable, low-field strength, MRI scanners could potentially lower financial and technical barriers to neuroimaging and reach underserved or disabled populations, but the sensitivity of these devices for MS lesions is unknown. We sought to determine if white matter lesions can be detected on a portable 64mT scanner, compare automated lesion segmentations and total lesion volume between paired 3T and 64mT scans, identify features that contribute to lesion detection accuracy, and explore super-resolution imaging at low-field. In this prospective, cross-sectional study, same-day brain MRI (FLAIR, T1w, and T2w) scans were collected from 36 adults (32 women; mean age, 50 ± 14 years) with known or suspected MS using Siemens 3T (FLAIR: 1 mm isotropic, T1w: 1 mm isotropic, and T2w: 0.34-0.5 × 0.34-0.5 × 3-5 mm) and Hyperfine 64mT (FLAIR: 1.6 × 1.6 × 5 mm, T1w: 1.5 × 1.5 × 5 mm, and T2w: 1.5 × 1.5 × 5 mm) scanners at two centers. Images were reviewed by neuroradiologists. MS lesions were measured manually and segmented using an automated algorithm. Statistical analyses assessed accuracy and variability of segmentations across scanners and systematic scanner biases in automated volumetric measurements. Lesions were identified on 64mT scans in 94% (31/33) of patients with confirmed MS. The average smallest lesions manually detected were 5.7 ± 1.3 mm in maximum diameter at 64mT vs 2.1 ± 0.6 mm at 3T, approaching the spatial resolution of the respective scanner sequences (3T: 1 mm, 64mT: 5 mm slice thickness). Automated lesion volume estimates were highly correlated between 3T and 64mT scans (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis identified bias in 64mT segmentations (mean = 1.6 ml, standard error = 5.2 ml, limits of agreement = -19.0-15.9 ml), which over-estimated low lesion volume and under-estimated high volume (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). Visual inspection revealed over-segmentation was driven venous hyperintensities on 64mT T2-FLAIR. Lesion size drove segmentation accuracy, with 93% of lesions > 1.0 ml and all lesions > 1.5 ml being detected. Using multi-acquisition volume averaging, we were able to generate 1.6 mm isotropic images on the 64mT device. Overall, our results demonstrate that in established MS, a portable 64mT MRI scanner can identify white matter lesions, and that automated estimates of total lesion volume correlate with measurements from 3T scans.
Transient internal probe diagnostic (1991)

The Transient Internal Probe (TIP) diagnostic is a novel method for probing the interior of hot magnetic fusion plasmas that are inaccessible with ordinary stationary probes, by limiting the time that the probe is in the plasma, and by encasing the probe in a diamond cladding. In the TIP scheme, a probe is fired through a hot plasma at velocities in excess of 2.5 km/s, and makes direct, local measurements of the internal magnetic field structure. These measurements are relayed to the laboratory optical detection system, using an incident laser that is retroreflected through a Faraday rotator crystal payload that acts as a magneto-optic sensor. The individual tasks associated with the TIP development, construction a two-stage light gas gun, optical detection system and probe projectile, are currently being completed. Integration of these tasks is currently underway. It is expected that the integrated system will be functional in the first six months of 1992. A diamond ablation study has also been performed to measure the ablative effects of a hot plasma in contact with a diamond pellet. Studies are currently underway to develop a sabot stripping system, and to develop a vacuum interface between the TIP diagnostic and the plasma experiments' vacuum chamber.
Towards Coordinated Interdomain Traffic Engineering (2004)

Abstract – We argue that today’s ad hoc inter-domain traffic engineering techniques be replaced with an architecture that is based on explicit coordination between ISPs. With explicit coordination, ISPs exchange information about their traffic and routing options, and all ISPs impacted by a potential routing change negotiate the actual change. This increases efficiency because it allows ISPs to find “win-win” routing outcomes that benefit both relative to routing without coordination; one ISP need not guess the policies of others to successfully engineer its own network. It also offers greater stability because it makes resource policy conflicts visible before routing changes uncover them, allowing them to be resolved and avoiding inadvertent violations. We sketch the building blocks of such an architecture, and use simulation to show it has the potential to yield significant cost benefits. 1.
Effect of Cyclic Loading on Bond Behavior of GFRP Rods Embedded in Concrete Beams (1998)

Three types of glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) rods with different surface configurations were embedded in concrete beams to determine their bond behavior under cyclic loading. Load amplitudes and numbers of cycles were chosen based on the GFRP rod type and its bond behavior in virgin beams loaded monotonically to failure. After completion of cyclic loading, all beams were tested quasi-statically to failure to determine the residual bond strength. Results were presented as load-slip curves, load-midspan displacement curves, and slip versus number of cycles curves. In all types of GFRP rod evaluated, cumulative slip increased as the number of cycles and/or loading amplitude increased. The bond strength in cyclically loaded beams increased relative to the bond strength in virgin beams.
Exploring the Acceleration Limits of Deep Learning Variational Network–based Two-dimensional Brain MRI (2022)

For 2D brain images using deep learning-based reconstruction, maximum acceleration for potential screening was three to four times higher than that for diagnostic general-purpose imaging.<b>Keywords:</b> MRI Reconstruction, High Acceleration, Deep Learning, Screening, Out of Distribution <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> © RSNA, 2022.
Genome-wide association study across five cohorts identifies five novel loci associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2022)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung condition with poor survival times. We previously published a genome-wide meta-analysis of IPF risk across three studies with independent replication of associated variants in two additional studies. To maximise power and to generate more accurate effect size estimates, we performed a genome-wide meta-analysis across all five studies included in the previous IPF risk genome-wide association studies. We used the distribution of effect sizes across the five studies to assess the replicability of the results and identified five robust novel genetic association signals implicating mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signalling, telomere maintenance and spindle assembly genes in IPF risk.
Methods for noise cancellation based on the EM algorithm (2005)

Single microphone speech enhancement systems have typically shown limited performance, while multiple microphone systems based on a least-squares error criterion have shown encouraging results in some contexts. In this paper we formulate a new approach to multiple microphone speech enhancement. Specifically, we formulate a maximum likelihood (ML) problem for estimating the parameters needed for canceling the noise in a two microphone speech enhancement system. This ML problem is solved via the iterative EM (Estimate-Maximize) technique. The resulting algorithm shows encouraging results when applied to the speech enhancement problem.
Generating stochastic plans for a programmable parts feeder (2002)

A programmable parts feeder, a mechanism that can be reprogrammed to handle differently shaped parts, is discussed. The authors present a planning algorithm that accepts an n-sided polygonal part as input and, in time O(n/sup 2/), generates a program (plan) for the feeder that maximizes expected feedrate. They have implemented the planner and verified some of the resulting plans in the laboratory. This work illustrates a stochastic framework for manipulation planning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Enhancing HSUPA system level performance with dual carrier capability (2010)

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how dual carrier capability can enhance High Speed Uplink Packet Access performance in comparison to using only single carrier. Dual carrier operation gives the User Equipment the possibility to transmit simultaneously using two 5 MHz bands, theoretically doubling the peak data rates and user throughput. The analysis is conducted with a system level simulation tool. This paper first indicates with single carrier simulations that, especially in small cells, terminals have spare power available for dual carrier operation. These observations are verified with dual carrier simulations by showing that the burst throughput can be practically doubled. In the larger cells only the users in good position can fully benefit from using dual carrier.
Autocrine stimulation of the Xmrk receptor tyrosine kinase in Xiphophorus melanoma cells and identification of a source for the physiological ligand. (1994)

The melanoma-inducing gene of Xiphophorus fish encodes the Xmrk receptor tyrosine kinase. Using a highly specific antiserum produced against the recombinant receptor expressed with a baculovirus, it is shown that Xmrk is the most abundant phosphotyrosine protein in fish melanoma and thus highly activated in the tumors. Studies on a melanoma cell line revealed that these cells produce an activity that considerably stimulates receptor autophosphorylation. The stimulating activity induces receptor down-regulation and can be depleted from the melanoma cell supernatant by the immobilized recombinant receptor protein. The fish melanoma cells can thus be considered autocrine tumor cells providing a source for future purification and characterization of the Xmrk ligand.
Weyl Semi-Metal-Based High-Frequency Amplifiers (2019)

In this work, we propose and simulate a novel amplifier based on Weyl semi-metals, e.g. WP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and MoP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . These topological materials have been shown to exhibit extremely large magnetoresistance at cryogenic conditions. In the proposed device, a gate current induces a local magnetic field which controls the resistivity of the Weyl semi-metal channel and the resulting output current. Simulations of the magnetic fields are performed to optimize the device design, as well as thermal modeling to determine self-heating effects. Device operation is simulated using an analytical 3D model of magnetic fields and resistivity, and a small-signal model. Results show that the proposed device can provide high gain (20-30 dB) with extremely low DC power dissipation (40 μW) and high transition frequencies. This type of device is promising to replace HEMTs in quantum computers, where the low power dissipation enables it to be integrated at lower cryostat temperature stages.
Phase I/Ib study of olaparib and carboplatin in women with triple negative breast cancer (2017)

The olaparib/carboplatin combination is tolerable and has modest activity in sporadic TNBC patients. Further evaluation of predictive biomarkers to identify those with <i>BRCA</i> wild type who had response is warranted.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2012)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by periods of disease flares and remissions. It is a heterogeneous disorder with a variety of clinical and laboratory manifestations. Affected patients can have a relatively benign course, affecting only the skin and musculoskeletal system, or be affected by aggressive, life-threatening visceral involvement. Systemic manifestations include arthralgias, rashes, renal abnormalities, neurologic complications, thromboemboli, myocarditis, and serositis.
Author response: Mutation analysis links angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma to clonal hematopoiesis and smoking (2021)

Comparative analysis establishes genetic links among angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), clonal hematopoiesis, and concomitant hematologic malignancies, and provides insights into the cell of origin, etiology, and biomarker discovery for AITL.
Effect of Vector Control and Foliar Nutrition on the Quality of Orange Juice Affected by Huanglongbing: Sensory Evaluation (2017)

A 3-year study was undertaken to establish the effect of field nutritional sprays, combined with insecticide treatments or not against Asian Citrus psyllid, on the fruit quality of ‘Valencia’ orange trees affected by the greening disease Huanglongbing (HLB). Four replicated plots were harvested, juiced, and pasteurized. Nine to twelve trained panelists evaluated the juice using seven flavor, five taste, four mouthfeel and three aftertaste descriptors. There was little difference between treatments in 2013; only orange peel flavor and bitterness were significantly lower for the insecticide treatment. In 2014, positive attributes, such as orange and fruity flavor, sweetness and mouthfeel body, were significantly higher in the insecticide treatment. Sourness was highest in untreated control, and there were no differences between treatments for bitterness. In 2015, negative attributes, such as grapefruit, orange peel and typical HLB flavor, sourness, bitterness, and astringency, were significantly higher in untreated control fruit, suggesting perhaps that the beneficial effect of nutritional and insecticide treatments was cumulative, only manifesting on the 3rd year of the study, and or because of the progression of the disease affecting untreated controls. Data are discussed in relation to juice chemical composition, including volatiles, sugars, acids, limonoids, and flavonoids, adding to the fundamental knowledge concerning chemical drivers of orange flavor.
Fast Decoding of Multi-Kernel Polar Codes (2019)

Polar codes are a class of linear error correction codes which provably attain channel capacity with infinite codeword lengths. Finite length polar codes have been adopted into the 5th Generation 3GPP standard for New Radio, though their native length is limited to powers of 2. Utilizing multiple polarizing matrices increases the length flexibility of polar codes at the expense of a more complicated decoding process. Successive cancellation (SC) is the standard polar decoder and has time complexity O(N log N) due to its sequential nature. However, some patterns in the frozen set mirror simple linear codes with low latency decoders, which allows for a significant reduction in SC latency by pruning the decoding schedule. Such fast decoding techniques have only previously been used for traditional Arikan polar codes, causing multi-kernel polar codes to be an impractical length-compatibility technique with no fast decoders available. We propose fast simplified successive cancellation decoding node patterns, which are compatible with polar codes constructed with both the Arikan and ternary kernels, and generalization techniques. We outline efficient implementations, made possible by imposing constraints on ternary node parameters. We show that fast decoding of multi-kernel polar codes has at least 72% reduced latency compared with an SC decoder in all cases considered where codeword lengths are (96, 432, 768, 2304).
Electroluminescence Transient and Its Application to Kinetic Study on Electrode Reactions Caused by Carrier Tunneling in Semiconductor Electrodes (1994)

A new method for studying electrode kinetics at a semiconductor‐electrolyte interface is proposed. An n‐type semiconductor is first put at the depletion mode by a large anodic bias with which a majority carrier (electron) tunneling takes place from the electrolyte to the semiconductor, leaving reaction (oxidation) intermediates such as . When the semiconductor is put at the accumulation mode by a large cathodic bias , after some time interval during which the external bias is kept 0 V, the electron transfer from the conduction band to the intermediates produced during anodic period takes place, accompanying light emission (electroluminescence). By varying , the lifetime of the intermediates can be estimated. Practical measurements were made by using polycrystalline prepared by the sol‐gel method, which allowed a large tunnel current. It was found that oxidation intermediates disappeared from the surface by a second‐order chemical reaction with a half‐life of about 5000 s.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Molecular Forms in Mammalian Hypothalamus* (1988)

Multiple forms of GnRH have been detected in brain tissue of species from all nonmammalian vertebrate classes, but in mammals it is generally believed a single molecular form of GnRH is present. We have investigated the possibility that additional structural variants of GnRH are present in mammalian (sheep, rat, and human) hypothalamus. Hypothalami were extracted with acetic acid and subjected to gel filtration chromatography and reverse phase HPLC systems specifically designed to separate GnRH analogs. Column fractions were assayed for immunoreactive GnRH using a library of specific antisera raised against the five known vertebrate GnRHs. Biological activity of the fractions was assessed by measuring their ability to release LH and FSH from cultured rat pituitary cells and/or LH release from dispersed chicken pituitary cells. Receptor binding activity was also measured in fractions from the human extract, using rat pituitary membranes. Several immunoreactive and biologically active forms of GnRH were found in sheep, rat, and human hypothalami. The major immunoreactive peptide consistently coeluted with mammalian GnRH. The other forms were not identifiable as any of the other known vertebrate GnRHs. Control experiments suggest these are modified forms of mammalian GnRH, which are artifacts generated during HPLC purification. Chromatographic and immunological studies indicate these forms of GnRH include peptides eluting both earlier and later than mammalian GnRH and which appear to be modified in the middle region and/or at the COOH-terminus of the molecule. Novel immunoreactive forms of GnRH, distinct from modified mammalian GnRH, were not apparent in any of the species. In chicken and rat pituitary cell bioassays and in rat receptor binding studies, the mammalian form of GnRH in HPLC fractions of the sheep and human hypothalamus displayed activity appropriate for this immunoreactive peak being mammalian GnRH. Some of the additional immunoreactive peaks (thought to be modified forms of mammalian GnRH) also displayed LH-releasing activity in the chicken and rat systems. Gonadotropin-releasing activity or receptor binding activity due to a second, novel, GnRH-like substance in HPLC fractions of the sheep and human hypothalamus was not detected. These data provide evidence for a single form of GnRH in sheep, rat, and human hypothalamus, unlike species from other vertebrate classes where two or more GnRHs are present within a single tissue.
A dimeric platinum(III) system containing a long metal-metal bond. Crystal structure of K4[Pt2(P2O5H2)4CH3I].2H2O (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA dimeric platinum(III) system containing a long metal-metal bond. Crystal structure of K4[Pt2(P2O5H2)4CH3I].2H2OChi Ming Che, Thomas C. W. Mak, and Harry B. GrayCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 25, 4386–4388Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00193a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00193a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Spatial-resolved Spectroscopic Measurements of PD Phenomena in SF<sub>6</sub> Gas and Effects of N<sub>2</sub> Gas Addition to SF<sub>6</sub> Gas on the High Sensitive Light Emission Measurement (2013)

This paper described PD phenomena in SF6 gas with the spatial-resolved spectroscopic measurement system. The results allow us to understand where and how PDs were generated and propagated near the tip of the needle electrode and also how difference the PD light emission properties were, among the test gases. We also discussed effects of N2 addition to SF6 gas on the PD phenomena to improve the detection of light emission information.