gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular Response of Mouse Oocytes to Freezing Stress: Prediction of Intracellular Ice Formation (1993)

Successful protocols for cryopreservation of living cells can be designed if the physicochemical conditions to preclude intracellular ice formation (IIF) can be defined. Unfortunately, all attempts to predict the probability of IIF have met with very limited success. In this study, an analytical model is developed to predict ice formation inside mouse oocytes subjected to a freezing stress. According to the model, IIF is catalyzed heterogeneously by the plasma membrane (i.e., surface catalyzed nucleation, SCN). A local site on the plasma membrane is assumed to become an ice nucleator in the presence of the extracellular ice via its effects on the membrane. This interaction is characterized by the contact angle between the plasma membrane and the ice cluster. In addition, IIF is assumed to be catalyzed at temperatures below -30 degrees C by intracellular particles distributed throughout the cell volume (i.e., volume catalyzed nucleation, VCN). In the present study, these two distinctly coupled modes of IIF, especially SCN, are applied to various experimental protocols from mouse oocytes. Excellent agreement between predictions and observations suggests that the proposed model of IIF is adequate.
Super-Resolution Based Demosaicking For Full Motion Video SWIR Multi-Spectral Sensor (2014)

We present novel demosaicking algorithm for the first full motion video SWIR 9-band sensor based on pixel size filter array. Spatial resolution enhancement of each spectral band is achieved using modified super-resolution technique.
Stochastic density functional theory at finite temperatures (2018)

Simulations in the warm dense matter regime using finite temperature Kohn-Sham density functional theory (FT-KS-DFT), while frequently used, are computationally expensive due to the partial occupation of a very large number of high-energy KS eigenstates which are obtained from subspace diagonalization. We have developed a stochastic method for applying FT-KS-DFT, that overcomes the bottleneck of calculating the occupied KS orbitals by directly obtaining the density from the KS Hamiltonian. The proposed algorithm scales as $O\left(N{T}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\right)$ and is compared with the high-temperature limit scaling $O\left({N}^{3}{T}^{3}\right)$ of the deterministic approach, where $N$ is the system size (number of electrons, volume, etc.) and $T$ is the temperature. The method has been implemented in a plane-waves code within the local density approximation (LDA); we demonstrate its efficiency, statistical errors, and bias in the estimation of the free energy per electron for a diamond structure silicon. The bias is small compared to the fluctuations and is independent of system size. In addition to calculating the free energy itself, one can also use the method to calculate its derivatives and obtain the equations of state.
Show Me What I Like: Detecting User-Specific Video Highlights Using Content-Based Multi-Head Attention (2022)

We propose a method to detect individualized highlights for users on given target videos based on their preferred highlight clips marked on previous videos they have watched. Our method explicitly leverages the contents of both the preferred clips and the target videos using pre-trained features for the objects and the human activities. We design a multi-head attention mechanism to adaptively weigh the preferred clips based on their object- and human-activity-based contents, and fuse them using these weights into a single feature representation for each user. We compute similarities between these per-user feature representations and the per-frame features computed from the desired target videos to estimate the user-specific highlight clips from the target videos. We test our method on a large-scale highlight detection dataset containing the annotated highlights of individual users. Compared to current baselines, we observe an absolute improvement of 2-4% in the mean average precision of the detected highlights. We also perform extensive ablation experiments on the number of preferred highlight clips associated with each user as well as on the object- and human-activity-based feature representations to validate that our method is indeed both content-based and user-specific.
Diabetes risk score in the United Arab Emirates: a screening tool for the early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus (2018)

A simple, non-invasive risk score model was developed to help to identify those at high risk of having diabetes among UAE citizens. This score could contribute to the efficient and less expensive earlier detection of diabetes in this high-risk population.
Self-diffusion of water in casein dispersions studied by 1H NMR diffusometry : effect of gel formation (2002)

Water diffusion in dairy gel is central in many steps of cheese manufacture. For example diffusion mechanisms are involved in enzymatic reaction during renneting or ripening, in migration of water or salt absorption, and are responsible of the product stability during storage. The water diffusion is hindered because of the obstruction effect induced by the protein structure which change during the process. The objective of this work is to study the effect of the casein gel formation on the water diffusion coefficient. The self-diffusion coefficients of water in casein solutions and gels were measured using Pulsed-Field Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance techniques (PFG-NMR). The dependence of the self-diffusion coefficient of water on the concentration and structure of casein has been reported. The results were analysed using a the diffusion cell-model.. The influence of casein concentration on the water self-diffusion coefficient could be explained by obstruction from the casein molecule. Assuming a simple model with two water regions, each characterised by a specific water concentration and value of the water diffusion coefficient, the water mobility reduction induced by the casein can be rationalised. The effect of casein structure changes induced by gel formation were discussed.
A Rapid Total Synthesis of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride in Continuous Flow (2017)

Abstract Within a total residence time of 9 min, the sodium salt of ciprofloxacin was prepared from simple building blocks via a linear sequence of six chemical reactions in five flow reactors. Sequential offline acidifications and filtrations afforded ciprofloxacin and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. The overall yield of the eight‐step sequence was 60 %. No separation of intermediates was required throughout the synthesis when a single acylation reaction was applied to remove the main byproduct, dimethylamine.
3D model based shading correction for the enhancement of multispectral colour measurement accuracy (2018)

Abstract Shading effects induced by illumination and local object surface orientation could strongly deteriorate the accuracy of colour imaging. Therefore, a shading correction is needed for high colour fidelity. In this work a 3D model based inverse rendering approach is proposed for a narrowband multispectral 3D colour imaging system with a calibrated extern broadband light source. The colourimetric evaluation with an X-Rite colour checker shows that the proposed method could ensure a mean colour difference value CIEDE2000 ΔE &lt; 3 for the viewing angle range -30° to 30°, while the maximal improvement factor concerning mean ΔE comes to 2.86.
Predictors of Survival in Never-Smokers with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Large-Scale, Two-Phase Genetic Study (2012)

Our study provides strong evidence that inflammation-related genetic variations can affect clinical outcomes in LCINS, which may lead to significant biologic insight into these outcomes.
Engineering endogenous ABC transporter with improving ATP supply and membrane flexibility enhances the secretion of β-carotene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2020)

Overall, our results showcase that engineering endogenous plasma membrane ABC transporters is a promising approach for hydrophobic product efflux in <i>S. cerevisiae</i>. We also highlight the importance of improving cell physiology to enhance the efficiency of ABC transporters, especially energy status and cell membrane properties.
Building Reliable Storage Clouds: Models, Fundamental Tradeoffs, and Solutions (2015)

With the proliferation of cloud computing, there has been a rejuvenated interest in two aspects of distributed computing. The first perspective is seen through the eyes of the cloud providers, and asks: how should we build global storage services for cloud hosted services and applications at scale with high reliability and availability guarantees in a cost effective way? The second perspective is seen through the eyes of the service providers that use public clouds, and asks: how can we achieve high I/O performance over cloud storage within a cost budget? Building Reliable Storage Clouds presents various distributed storage systems, their operational characteristics, and the key techniques to improve their performance. The main focus is however on cloud storage. Cloud storage has massive scalability with the promise to provide as much storage capacity as their users demand. Cloud providers also promise very high durability, availability, and I/O performance. In this context, the monograph analyses the fundamental tradeoffs between storage efficiency and network bandwidth as well as I/O throughput and latency. Erasure codes play a significant role in determining the trade-offs, and, hence, the survey covers their design and use, paying particular attention to the queuing models and performance analysis. This survey will be of interest to all researchers, students and engineers working on distributed storage systems.
Effects of different rhBMP-2 release profiles in defect areas around dental implants on bone regeneration (2015)

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different rhBMP-2 release profiles in defect areas around dental implants on osseointegration and bone regeneration. Four beagle dogs (13-15 kg) were used. The defect was 3 mm deep and there was a 1 mm gap around the implant. Each of the four implants was installed on the right and left mandibular alveolar ridges. After the implants were placed, experimental groups were applied to the surrounding defect area (n = 8 in each group, the control group was not treated). The inject group was injected with rhBMP-2 solution directly. In the gel group, rhBMP-2 mixed with a hydrogel matrix was applied. In the particle-gel group, rhBMP-2-embedded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) microparticles mixed with hydrogel matrix were applied to maintain consistent release. Sequential fluorescent labeling and histological analysis were performed to evaluate the new bone formation and osseointegration in the defect area. In the control group, larger marginal bone loss was detected as compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). The gel group showed significantly higher levels of BIC in the buccal and lingual defect areas compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). New-bone percentages in the inject and gel groups formed more new bone than in the particle-gel and control groups (P < 0.05). Despite the limitations of this study, the use of only hydrogel, which allows early release of rhBMP-2 followed by consistent extended release, showed better bone formation and osseointegration than simple injection or PLGA microparticles with hydrogel matrix.
Paper Diagnostic for Direct Measurement of Fibrinogen Concentration in Whole Blood (2020)

The ability to diagnose and treat critically bleeding patients can save more than 2 million lives a year. Diagnosing hypofibrinogenemia is essential in these patients. Recently, with the development of new handheld diagnostics, fibrinogen concentration can be measured rapidly at the point of care. However, these diagnostics can only work with plasma and hence need blood cells to be separated before use. In this study, we demonstrate a handheld fibrinogen diagnostic that works with whole blood. The test works by (1) forming a premixed droplet of a whole blood sample and thrombin solution on a solid surface, (2) allowing it to clot, and (3) dropping a paper strip on top. The further that blood moves down the strip, the lower the fibrinogen concentration. The diagnostic can easily measure plasma fibrinogen concentrations below 1.6 g/L for blood samples with hematocrits between 40 and 50%. Furthermore, diluting blood samples not only increases the test's sensitivity but also eliminates the effect of hematocrit and thrombin inhibitors. The test can be completed in 3-4 min, making it suitable for diagnosing early hypofibrinogenemia and allowing for fibrinogen replacement therapy in critically bleeding patients.
Non-Hermitian engineered single-mode laser array (2019)

Single mode with in-phase operation of the laser arrays is one of the main challenges for engineers to achieve high power in phase far field emission. Recently single mode lasing based on non-Hermitian engineering of the laser is investigated and two scenarios based on parity time (PT) symmetry and super symmetry are presented. Here we present a new method based on Q-enhancing to achieve single mode operation. This design device will satisfy requirement for LIDARs in space applications. The output supports up-to 300 Watts for few integrated coupled cavity lasers.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Gadolinium Cationic Lipids As Tools for Biodistribution Studies of Gene Delivery Complexes (2002)

Gadolinium-chelating cationic lipids have been synthesized to obtain lipoplexes with MRI contrast properties. These compounds were designed to follow the biodistribution of synthetic DNA for gene delivery by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The lipid MCO-I-68 was synthesized, and chelate complexes with gadolinium were formed and characterized in terms of physicochemical and DNA binding properties. The transfection activity of MCO-I-68-Gd/DNA complexes was assayed in vitro on NIH 3T3. Different formulations of the product were tested. When up to 5% of the gadolinium lipid complexes were co-formulated with the cationic lipid RPR120535 used as a reference, the transfection levels were maintained as compared to RPR120535 alone. To date, only a liposomal formulation of a gadolinium-cationic lipid chelate without DNA had been observed using magnetic resonance imaging. In vivo intratumoral administration of MCO-I-68-Gd/DNA lipoplexes to tumor model led to an important increase of the NMR signal. It was demonstrated that the new complexes also acted as transfection carriers when they were formulated from liposomes.
Rain attenuation measurements at 15 and 18 GHz (2002)

A two-year campaign of point rainfall rate and rain attenuation measurements was performed in six terrestrial line-of-sight links operating at 15 and 18 GHz in south-eastern Brazil. Results indicate that the attenuation due to rain in terrestrial links in tropical regions is underestimated by existing prediction methods, developed based on experimental data from temperate climates.
An Electrochemistry Study of Cryoelectrolysis in Frozen Physiological Saline (2016)

Abstract This is the first quantitative study on the fundamental physical and electrochemical processes that occur during cryoelectrolysis. Cryoelectrolysis is a new minimally invasive tissue ablation surgical technique that combines the processes of electrolysis and solid/liquid phase transformation (freezing). We measured the pH front propagation and the changes in resistance in a tissue simulant made of physiological saline gel with a pH dye as a function of the sample temperature in the high subzero range above the eutectic. Results demonstrate that effective electrolysis can occur in a high subzero freezing milieu and that the propagation of the pH front is only weakly dependent on temperature. These observations are consistent with a mechanism involving ionic movement through the concentrated saline solution channels between ice crystals at subfreezing temperatures above the eutectic. The Joule heating in these microchannel may cause local microscopic melting, the observed weak dependence of pH front propagation on temperature, and the large changes in resistance with time. In addition, we observed that the pH front propagation from the anode is more rapid than from the cathode. The explanation is the electro-osmotic flow from the cathode to the anode. The findings in this paper may be of fundamental value for designing future cryoelectrolytic ablation surgery protocols.
Semi-Continuous Desalination and Concentration of Small-Volume Samples (2021)

Electrodialysis is an electric-field-mediated process separating ions exploiting selective properties of ion-exchange membranes. The ion-exchange membranes create an ion-depleted zone in an electrolyte solution adjacent to the membrane under DC polarization. We constructed a microfluidic system that uses the ion-depleted zone to separate ions from the processed water solution. We tested the separation performance by desalting a model KCl solution spiked with fluorescein for direct observation. We showed both visually and by measuring the conductivity of the output solutions that the system can work in three modes of operation referred to as continuous desalination, desalination by accumulation, and unsuccessful desalination. The mode of operation can easily be set by changing the control parameters. The desalination factors for the model KCl solution reached values from 80 to 100%, depending on the mode of operation. The concentration factor, given as a ratio of concentrate-to-feed concentrations, reached zero for desalination by accumulation when only diluate was produced. The water recovery, therefore, was infinite at these conditions. Independent control of the diluate and concentrate flow rates and the DC voltage turned our system into a versatile platform, enabling us to set proper conditions to process various samples.
Cavity-Enhanced Photosensitivity in As2S3 Chalcogenide glass (2010)

Cavity-enhanced photosensitivity of As2S3chalcogenide glass films is measured using planar micro-disk resonators. We determine the origin of such photosensitivity to be optical absorption arising from sub-gap defects.
MVPN Profiles Using PIM Control Plane (2009)

The MVPN (Multicast Virtual Private Network) architecture is divided
into a number of functional layers. At each layer, multiple options
are allowed. It is necessary to allow multiple options at each layer
because one size doesn't fit all. However, it is not expected
that any particular implementation will support all the possible
combinations of options. To ensure multi-vendor interoperability, it
is useful to specify profiles, where each profile is a particular
combination of options. The number of specified profiles will be much
less than the total number of possible combination, and a given
implementation can be characterized by saying which profiles it
supports. This document describes two profiles that use a PIM control
plane.
Adsorption of(ZnS)i(i=1–4)clusters on graphite surfaces (2006)

Energetics and configurations of stoichiometric ${(\mathrm{Zn}\mathrm{S})}_{i}$ clusters, $i=1--4$, on graphite surfaces were investigated using a density functional approach with atomic-type orbitals and relativistic core pseudopotentials. Surface orientations were found to be cluster dependent. ZnS was found to adopt a vertical arrangement with the zinc atom pointed to the surface. The diamond-shaped dimer also preferred a perpendicular orientation with a zinc atom directed towards the graphite. However, the optimized ring geometry of the trimer preferred a parallel orientation with respect to the surface and the nearly square tetramer was also found to prefer a parallel orientation. The bonding interactions of the cluster with the surface were studied using Bader's Atoms in Molecules approach.
Integration Process Development for Improved Compatibility with Organic Non-Porous Ultralow-kDielectric Fluorocarbon on Advanced Cu Interconnects (2012)

Integration of an organic non-porous ultralow-k dielectric, fluorocarbon (k= 2.2), into advanced Cu interconnects was demonstrated. The challenges of process-induced damage, such as delamination and variances of both the structure and electrical properties of the fluorocarbon during fabrication, were investigated on Cu/fluorocarbon damascene interconnects. A titanium-based barrier layer, instead of a tantalum-based barrier layer, was used to avoid delamination between Cu and fluorocarbon in Cu/fluorocarbon interconnects. A moisture-hermetic dielectric protective layer was also effective to avoid damage induced by wet chemical cleaning. On the other hand, a post-etching nitrogen plasma treatment to form a stable protective layer on the surface of the fluorocarbon was proposed for the practical minimization of damage introduction to fluorocarbon in the following damascene process, such as post-etching cleaning.
Efficacy and tolerability of nivolumab after allogeneic transplantation for relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma (2017)

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is indicated for patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Although long-term disease control can be achieved, relapse is still frequent. The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway-blocking antibody nivolumab has shown substantial therapeutic activity and an acceptable safety profile in patients with relapsed or refractory HL who did not receive allo-HCT. However, PD-1 blocking strategy can increase the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in murine models. We retrospectively assessed the efficacy and toxicity of nivolumab as a single agent in 20 HL patients relapsing after allo-HCT. GVHD occurred in 6 patients (30%) after nivolumab initiation. All 6 patients had prior history of acute GVHD. The patients with nivolumab-induced GVHD were managed by standard treatment for acute GVHD. Two patients died as a result of GVHD, 1 of progressive disease and 1 of complications related to a second allo-HCT. Overall response rate was 95%. At a median follow-up of 370 days, the 1-year progression-free survival rate was 58.2% (95% CI, 33.1%-76.7%) and the overall survival rate was 78.7% (95% CI, 52.4%-91.5%). Among 13 patients still in response, 6 received a single dose of nivolumab and 7 remain on nivolumab. Compared with standard options for this indication, our results show that nivolumab is effective with an acceptable safety profile.
Studies on the Syntheses of Analgesics. LV. Synthesis of 4a-(3-Substituted phenyl) 1, 2-disubstituted Decahydrocinnoline Derivatives (2) (Studies on the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. CMLV) (1982)

With the expectation of the synthesis of the compounds having both agonist and antagonist properties, novel decahydrocinnoline derivatives (IIa-i), (IIIa-g) and (IVa-f) were synthesized as analgetics. In order to prepare N-2-propenyl derivatives, the reduction of N-acryloyl compounds (IIf) and (IIg) with various reducing agents (lithium aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride and sodium bis (2-methoxyethoxy) aluminum hydride was examined. In addition, it was found that N-acryloyl derivative (IIf) cyclized to give 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10a, 11-dodecahydro-1H-pyrazolo [1, 2-a] cinnoline derivative (VII) by heating with phosphorus pentasulfide and potassium sulfide in xylene. Among these decahydrocinnoline derivatives (IVa), (IVb) and (IVc) were found to have a potent analgesic effect with antagonistic effect for morphine analgesia.
Electric and Hybrid Vehicles (2021)

Land transportation over the past two centuries has experienced astonishing advancement. Up until the 1860s, it took more than six months to get from the East Coast to the West Coast of the United States. Today, it may take only three days by automobile. We are even considering flying cars and there are air-taxi startup companies that have announced going public <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</xref> . Vehicle propulsion electrification is at the core of this modern land vehicle revolution. However, the concept of electric vehicle traction is not new.