gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of the Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan, Perlecan, during Mouse Embryogenesis and Perlecan Chondrogenic Activity In Vitro (1999)

Expression of the basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), perlecan (Pln), mRNA, and protein has been examined during murine development. Both Pln mRNA and protein are highly expressed in cartilaginous regions of developing mouse embryos, but not in areas of membranous bone formation. Initially detected at low levels in precartilaginous areas of d 12.5 embryos, Pln protein accumulates in these regions through d 15.5 at which time high levels are detected in the cartilage primordia. Laminin and collagen type IV, other basal lamina proteins commonly found colocalized with Pln, are absent from the cartilage primordia. Accumulation of Pln mRNA, detected by in situ hybridization, was increased in d 14.5 embryos. Cartilage primordia expression decreased to levels similar to that of the surrounding tissue at d 15.5. Pln accumulation in developing cartilage is preceded by that of collagen type II. To gain insight into Pln function in chondrogenesis, an assay was developed to assess the potential inductive activity of Pln using multipotential 10T1/2 murine embryonic fibroblast cells. Culture on Pln, but not on a variety of other matrices, stimulated extensive formation of dense nodules reminiscent of embryonic cartilaginous condensations. These nodules stained intensely with Alcian blue and collagen type II antibodies. mRNA encoding chondrocyte markers including collagen type II, aggrecan, and Pln was elevated in 10T1/2 cells cultured on Pln. Human chondrocytes that otherwise rapidly dedifferentiate during in vitro culture also formed nodules and expressed high levels of chondrocytic marker proteins when cultured on Pln. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that Pln is not only a marker of chondrogenesis, but also strongly potentiates chondrogenic differentiation in vitro.
The prevalence of bacterial infection in acute rhinosinusitis: A Systematic review and meta‐analysis (2014)

Few studies evaluate the recovery of bacteria via culture in adults with a diagnosis of ABRS or ARS based on clinical criteria alone. With radiographic and/or endoscopic confirmation, antral puncture and endoscopically guided cultures produce positive bacterial cultures in approximately one-half of patients. Opportunities exist to improve diagnostic accuracy for bacterial infection in ARS.
Interfacial giant tunnel magnetoresistance and bulk-induced large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in (111)-oriented junctions with fcc ferromagnetic alloys: A first-principles study (2021)

We study the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect and magnetocrystalline anisotropy in a series of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with $L{1}_{1}$-ordered fcc ferromagnetic alloys and MgO barrier along the [111] direction. Considering the (111)-oriented MTJs with different $L{1}_{1}$ alloys, we calculate their TMR ratios and magnetocrystalline anisotropies on the basis of the first-principles calculations. The analysis shows that the MTJs with Co-based alloys (CoNi, CoPt, and CoPd) have high TMR ratios over 2000%. These MTJs have energetically favored Co-O interfaces where interfacial antibonding between Co $d$ and O $p$ states is formed around the Fermi level. We find that the resonant tunneling of the antibonding states, called the interface resonant tunneling, is the origin of the obtained high TMR ratios. Such a mechanism is similar to that found in our recent work on the simple Co/MgO/Co(111) MTJ [K. Masuda et al., Phys. Rev. B 101, 144404 (2020)]. In contrast, different systems have different spin channels where the interface resonant tunneling occurs; for example, the tunneling mainly occurs in the majority-spin channel in the CoNi-based MTJ while it occurs in the minority-spin channel in the CoPt-based MTJ. This means that even though the mechanism is similar, different spin channels contribute dominantly to the high TMR ratio in different systems. Such a difference is attributed to the different exchange splittings in the particular Co $d$ states contributing to the tunneling though the antibonding with O $p$ states. Our calculation of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy shows that many $L{1}_{1}$ alloys have large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). In particular, CoPt has the largest value of anisotropy energy ${K}_{\mathrm{u}}\ensuremath{\approx}10\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MJ}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$. We further conduct a perturbation analysis of the PMA with respect to the spin-orbit interaction and reveal that the large PMA in CoPt and CoNi mainly originates from spin-conserving perturbation processes around the Fermi level.
Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrocarbon Fuels: 2019 State of Technology and Future Research (2020)

This report documents the progress in research funded by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office for the conversion of biomass to infrastructure-compatible liquid hydrocarbon fuels via CFP; the focus is on research learnings since a 2018 SOT publication.
A quantitative analysis of current security concerns and solutions for cloud computing (2012)

The development of cloud computing services is speeding up the rate in which the organizations outsource their computational services or sell their idle computational resources. Even though migrating to the cloud remains a tempting trend from a financial perspective, there are several other aspects that must be taken into account by companies before they decide to do so. One of the most important aspect refers to security: while some cloud computing security issues are inherited from the solutions adopted to create such services, many new security questions that are particular to these solutions also arise, including those related to how the services are organized and which kind of service/data can be placed in the cloud. Aiming to give a better understanding of this complex scenario, in this article we identify and classify the main security concerns and solutions in cloud computing, and propose a taxonomy of security in cloud computing, giving an overview of the current status of security in this emerging technology.
On- and Off-Line User Interfaces for Collaborative Cloud Services (2011)

We describe a vision for user interfaces of cloud-based systems that permit seamless collaboration and provide also on- and off-line access to data. All individual components of this vision are currently available in various systems, but the sum of the components will satisfy user needs much more comprehensively.
C-type lectin-like receptor (CLEC)-2, the ligand of podoplanin, induces morphological changes in podocytes (2022)

Podoplanin (PDPN) is intensely expressed on the podocyte membrane in an evolutionally conserved manner. CLEC-2, the endogenous ligand of PDPN, is highly expressed in platelets and also exists in a soluble form in plasma. Normally, podocytes are sequestered from CLEC-2, but when the glomerular barrier is injured, podocytes gain access to CLEC-2. We tested the effects of CLEC-2 in podocytes in vitro and in vivo. Cultured podocytes treated with Fc-CLEC-2 demonstrated that CLEC-2 induced the dephosphorylation of ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) proteins. Podocytes treated with Fc-CLEC-2 also showed the dissociation of F-actin filaments from PDPN, F-actin degradation, detachment, and round morphology. Next, we perfused normal mouse kidney in vivo with FLAG-CLEC-2. CLEC-2 induced dephosphorylation of ERM and widening of the foot processes of podocytes. Platelets were detected by immunostaining for CD41 in the urine of mice with podocyte injury, indicating that podocytes can encounter platelets when glomeruli are injured. Collectively, these observations suggest that when platelets leak through the injured glomeruli, CLEC-2 from the platelets acts on PDPN in podocytes and induces morphological change and detachment, which may further aggravate podocyte injury. Thus, PDPN on podocytes may work as a leaked-platelet sensor.
High-Latitude Measurements of Ionospheric Scintillation Using the NSTB (2000)

ABSTRACT: Recent analysis of GPS data collected by the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) National Satellite Test Bed (NSTB) indicates that several occurrences of ionospheric scintillation were observed over Alaska on August 6 and 27, 1998. These events coincided with magnetic storms documented by the National Geophysical Data Center. During this period, a specialized L1 GPS receiver designed to monitor scintillation was colocated with the NSTB reference station at Fairbanks, Alaska. This configuration provides data from two different types of receivers: codeless dual-frequency reference measurements (survey grade) and high-bandwidth scintillation monitoring. The primary goal of this investigation was to determine the effect of scintillation on both single- and dual-frequency users in the auroral zone. The work included estimating the correlation between measured scintillation events and GPS receiver performance. Additionally, the worst-case spatial extent of the scintillation phenomenon was estimated by analyzing the distribution of highly active ionospheric pierce points at the F-layer (≅ 350 km altitude).
A New Method of Thoracic and Lumbar Body Replacement for Spinal Tumors (1993)

ANTERIOR DECOMPRESSIVE PROCEDURES have gained more widespread usage in the treatment of anterior compressive lesions of the spinal cord due to neoplasms. Alternative methods of vertebral body replacement that use a modified silastic tube placed into adjacent vertebral segments and filled with methyl methacrylate cement are described. The technique is reserved for patients with limited longevity as the result of the malignant nature of their disease process.
Mid-IR gain media based on transition metal-doped II-VI chalcogenides (2016)

Progress in fabrication and mid-IR lasing of Cr and Fe thermal-diffusion and radiation enhanced thermal diffusion doped II-VI binary and ternary polycrystals is reported. We demonstrate novel design of mid-IR Fe:ZnSe and Cr:ZnSe/S solid state lasers with significant improvement of output average power up to 35W@4.1 &mu;m and 57W@2.5 &mu;m and 20W@2.94 &mu;m. We report significantly improved output characteristics of polycrystalline Cr:ZnS/Se lasers in gain-switched regime: 16 mJ at 200 Hz, pulse duration 5 ns with tunability over 2400-3000 nm as well as Kerr-Lens-Mode-Locked regime in terms of average power (up to 2 W), peak power and pulse energy (0.5 MW and 24 nJ, respectively), and pulse duration (less than 29 fs).
Enantioselective Reactions Using Modified Microporous and Mesoporous Materials (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ultra-light Å-scale Optimal Optical Reflectors (2017)

High-reflectance in many state-of-the-art optical devices is achieved with noble metals. However, metals are limited by losses, and for certain applications, by their high mass density. Using a combination of ab initio and optical transfer matrix calculations, we evaluate the behavior of graphene-based Å-scale metamaterials and find that they could act as nearly-perfect reflectors in the mid-long wave infrared (IR) range. The low density of states for electron-phonon scattering and interband excitations leads to unprecedented optical properties for graphene heterostructures, especially alternating atomic layers of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride, at wavelengths greater than $10~μ$m. At these wavelengths, these materials exhibit reflectivities exceeding 99.7% at a fraction of the weight of noble metals, as well as plasmonic mode confinement and quality factors that are greater by an order of magnitude compared to noble metals. These findings hold promise for ultra-compact optical components and waveguides for mid-IR applications. Moreover, unlike metals, the photonic properties of these heterostructures could be actively tuned via chemical and/or electrostatic doping, providing exciting possibilities for tunable devices.
Bithiophene Imide and Benzodithiophene Copolymers for Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cells (2012)

Bithiophene imide (BTI) and benzodithiophene (BDT) copolymers are synthesized for application in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. The electron deficiency of the BTI units leads to polymers with a low-lying HOMOs (∼-5.6 eV). Inverted solar cells are fabricated to investigate the OPV performance of the BTI-based polymers and achieve power conversion efficiencies up to 5.5%, with substantial V(oc)s above 0.9 V which are among the highest V(oc)s reported to date for polymer/PCBM solar cells. The results indicate that the BTI is a promising building block for constructing polymer donors for OPV applications.
Efficient LRU-based buffering in a LAN remote caching architecture (1996)

The possibility of fast access to the main memory of remote sites has been advanced as a potential performance improvement in distributed systems. Even if a page is not available in local memory, sites need not do a disk access. Instead, the sites can use efficient mechanisms that support rapid request/response exchanges in order to access pages that are currently buffered at a remote site. Hardware and software support in such a remote caching architecture must also include algorithms that determine which pages should be buffered at what sites. When each site uses the classic LRU replacement algorithm, performance can be much worse than optimal in many system configurations. Because sites do not coordinate individual decisions, overall system buffering/caching decisions yield very inefficient global configurations. This paper proposes an easily implementable modification of the LRU replacement algorithm for LAN environments that reduces replication. The algorithm substantially improves hit-ratios-and thus performance-over a wide range of parameters. The relatively simple LAN topology implies that much less state information need be available for good replacement decisions compared to general network topologies. Two implications of two variations of the algorithm are explored. In an environment where the network is not a performance bottleneck, and where performance is memory-limited, performance of the proposed replacement algorithm is shown to be close to optimal.
Identification of ethylene-derived species on alumina-supported rhodium, iridium, palladium and platinum catalysts by infrared spectroscopy (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification of ethylene-derived species on alumina-supported rhodium, iridium, palladium and platinum catalysts by infrared spectroscopySheher B. Mohsin, Michael Trenary, and Heinz J. RobotaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 17, 6657–6661Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100170a051https://doi.org/10.1021/j100170a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
BLAh: Boolean Logic Analysis for Graded Student Response Data (2017)

Machine learning (ML) models and algorithms can enable a personalized learning experience for students in an inexpensive and scalable manner. At the heart of ML-driven personalized learning is the automated analysis of student responses to assessment items. Existing statistical models for this task enable the estimation of student knowledge and question difficulty solely from graded response data with only minimal effort from instructors. However, most existing student-response models are generalized linear models, meaning that they characterize the probability that a student answers a question correctly through a linear combination of their knowledge and the question's difficulty with respect to each concept that is being assessed. Such models cannot characterize complicated, nonlinear student-response associations and, hence, lack human interpretability in practice. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear student-response model called Boolean logic analysis (BLAh) that models a student's binary-valued graded response to a question as the output of a Boolean logic function. We develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo inference algorithm that learns the Boolean logic functions for each question solely from graded response data. A refined BLAh model improves the identifiability, tractability, and interpretability by considering a restricted set of ordered Boolean logic functions. Experimental results on a variety of real-world educational datasets demonstrate that BLAh not only achieves best-in-class prediction performance on unobserved student responses on some datasets but also provides easily interpretable parameters when questions are tagged with metadata by domain experts, which can provide useful feedback to instructors and content designers to improve the quality of assessment items.
Volumetric imaging of chick embryo heart development in vivo using a high speed Doppler spectral domain OCT microscope (2006)

1300nm Doppler spectral domain OCT microscopy provides a high-speed, high-resolution solution for imaging of developmental processes in small animals. We present 2D and 3D volume renderings, Doppler images and M-mode Doppler recordings elucidating cardiac development in chick embryos.
Automotive Services Centre for the Disabled Persons. Review of research and development works in 2015-2020 (2021)

In 2020, there was the 5th anniversary of establishing, by the Director of the Motor Transport Institute, the Automotive Service Centre for the Disabled Persons together with the National Information Point, the only information, training and research centre in Poland, supporting the community of people with physical disabilities in the area of mobility. This study is an overview of the research and social work to date, scientific publications and pro-social tasks that contributed to the development of motorism in this social group. Such activities are part of the mission of the Institute, which coordinates and promotes scientific research and development works in the field of road transport, while developing innovative technical, organizational and economic solutions. ASC is an example of an innovative comprehensive organizational solution, based on the needs of people with disabilities.
A high concentration photovoltaic module utilizing micro-transfer printing and surface mount technology (2010)

We describe a high concentration photovoltaic (CPV) module utilizing micro-transfer printed (μ-TP) dual-junction GalnP/GaAs solar cells and an ELO (Epitaxial Lift-Off) process used to fabricate very small cells (<;0.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) using 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> use and reused GaAs substrates. The benefits of this technology include high efficiency, simple distributed heat transfer at high concentration ratios, and short optical paths. This approach enables the use of low cost, high reliability surface mount assembly of large backplanes for integration into CPV modules. To minimize compound semiconductor use and maximize cell efficiency, we combine plano-convex primary and spherical secondary optics to concentrate sunlight 1000X over a +/-0.8 degree angle of acceptance. Receiver efficiencies of ELO dual-junction GalnP/GaAs cells of >30% at 1,000 sun concentration are reported. Coupled with a >80% efficient optical train, module efficiencies greater than 24% have been achieved with dual-junction μ-TP solar cells.
Inhibition of EGF-mediated receptor activity and cell proliferation by HK1-ceramide, a stable analog of the ganglioside GM3-lactone (2002)

Gangliosides have been described as modulators of growth factor receptor activity and subsequent cellular function. Due to the lower-pH environment found in tumor cells, ganglosides are thought to be formed (at least to some extent) into their lactone forms. The aim of the study was to analyze the mode of action of the lactone of the ganglioside GM3 on epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling in human ovarial epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells and cell growth in human oral epidermoid carcinoma KB cells by applying the GM3 lactone analog HK1-ceramide 2, which is stable under hydrolytic conditions. Specific inhibition of EGF-dependent receptor tyrosine phosphorylation was observed by HK1-ceramide 2 at 25 microM, whereas GM3 showed a comparable inhibition at eightfold higher concentrations. In cells exposed to low pH, where GM3 is thought to form its lactone to a higher extent, addition of GM3 showed no further inhibitory effect on EGF-dependent receptor phosphorylation. Similarly to GM3, HK1-ceramide 2 does not affect binding of (125)I-EGF to the cell surface receptor. EGF-dependent growth of KB cells was also found to be inhibited by HK1-ceramide 2 at much lower concentrations compared to GM3. In conclusion, our results indicate that the GM3 lactone analog HK1-ceramide 2 is a specific inhibitor of EGF receptor function and is more potent in reducing EGF-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor in A431 cells and in inhibiting EGF-dependent growth of KB cells compared to GM3.
Optical aperture synthesis (1991)

The principles of aperture synthesis are outlined and the implementation of these principles in some algorithms is examined with reference to radio astronomy. Progress made in applying these techniques at optical frequencies in terrestrial and spacecraft instruments is briefly reviewed.
Synthesis of some 2,4- and 2,5-disubstituted thiophene systems and the effect of the pattern of substitution on the refractive indices, optical anisotropies, polarisabilities and order parameters in comparison with those of the parent biphenyl and dithienyl systems (1995)

The refractive indices, optical anisotropies, polarisabilities and order parameters of a number of phenylthiophenes and the parent dithienyl and biphenyl compounds with butylsulfanyl and cyano substituents have been measured. The presence of a thiophene ring leads to: (i) increased values of n∥ and n⊥ with the latter values normally being increased more so that the optical anisotropies are typically reduced, and (ii) increased molecular polarisabilities with the 2,5substituted thiophene compounds having higher values than the 2,4-substituted compounds. The dithienyl compound has the lowest order parameter and the highest molecular polarisability. The results are discussed in terms of the structural differences of the compounds, including differences in the pattern of substitution in the thiophene ring and in linearity, inter-annular torsion angle and the distribution of the permanent dipoles.