gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 18-Demethyltaxoid via Stereoselective Allylation and Intramolecular Aldol Condensation Reactions (1999)

Abstract Optically active novel 18-demethyltaxiods were successfully synthesized from 2α,10β-dibenzyloxy-11β-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)-7β-hydroxy-1α-(p-methoxybenzyloxy)-8β,15,15-trimethyl-4-methylene-trans-bicyclo[6.4.0]dodecan-9-one (2) which corresponds to the BC ring system of Taxol by stereoselective allylation and intramolecular aldol condensation reactions.
Workload Assessment with eye Movement Monitoring Aided by Non-invasive and Unobtrusive Micro-fabricated Optical Sensors (2015)

Mental state or workload of a person are very relevant when the person is executing delicate tasks such as piloting an aircraft, operating a crane because the high level of workload could prevent accomplishing the task and lead to disastrous results. Some frameworks have been developed to assess the workload and determine whether the person is capable of executing a new task. However, such methodologies are applied when the operator finished the task. Another feature that these methodologies share is that are based on paper and pencil tests. Therefore, human-friendly devices that could assess the workload in real time are in high demand. In this paper, we report a wearable device that can correlate physical eye behavior with the mental state for the workload assessment.
Experimental Engineering of Photonic Quantum Entanglement (2012)

Entangled photons are a crucial resource for linear optical quantum communication and quantum computation. Besides the remarkable progress of photon state engineering using atomic memories (Kimble (2008); Yuan et al. (2008)) the majority of current experiments is based on the production of photon pairs in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), where the entangled photon pair is concluded from post-selection of randomly occurring coincidences. Here we present new insights into the heralded generation of photon states (Barz et al. (2010); Wagenknecht et al. (2010)) that are maximally entangled in polarization (Schrodinger (1935)) with linear optics and standard photon detection from SPDC (Kwiat et al. (1995)). We utilize the down-conversion state corresponding to the generation of three pairs of photons, where the coincident detection of four auxiliary photons unambiguously heralds the successful preparation of the entangled state (Śliwa & Banaszek (2003)). This controlled generation of entangled photon states is a significant step towards the applicability of a linear optics quantum network (Nielsen & Chuang (2000)), in particular for entanglement distribution (Bennett et al. (1996)), entanglement swapping (Kaltenbaek et al. (2009); Pan et al. (1998)), quantum teleportation (Bouwmeester et al. (1997)), quantum cryptography (Bennett & Brassard (1984); Ekert (1991); Jennewein et al. (2000)) and scalable approaches towards photonics-based quantum computing schemes (Browne & Rudolph (2004); Gottesman & Chuang (1999); Knill et al. (2001)).
Diffusion of Linear and Branched C7 Paraffins in ITQ-1 Zeolite. A Molecular Dynamics Study (1998)

Molecular dynamics techniques have been used to simulate the diffusion of n-heptane and 2-methylhexane in purely siliceous ITQ-1 zeolite, a microporous solid with two independent channel systems of 10 MR (interconnected sinusoidal channels) and 12 MR (interconnected large cavities). Two hundred picosecond runs at a temperature of 450 K were performed in order to characterize the diffusion features of these hydrocarbons. In the 10 MR sinusoidal system, the n-heptane diffuses rather freely through the channels whereas the 2-methylhexane is stuck at the pore entrances. Diffusion through the 12 MR large cavities is dominated by intracage motion due to the presence of preferential minimum energy positions at the top of the 12 MR pockets. Implications for reactivity and selectivity in cracking and isomerization reactions are drawn from the results.
Surface plasmon polariton beam focusing with parabolic nanoparticle chains (2007)

We report on the focusing of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) beams with parabolic chains of gold nanoparticles fabricated on thin gold films. SPP focusing with different parabolic chains is investigated in the wavelength range of 700-860 nm, both experimentally and theoretically. Mapping of SPP fields is accomplished by making use of leakage radiation microscopy, demonstrating robust and efficient SPP focusing into submicron spots. Numerical simulations based on the Green's tensor formalism show very good agreement with the experimental results, suggesting the usage of elliptical corrections for parabolic structures to improve their focusing of slightly divergent SPP beams.
Target prediction for icon clicking by athetoid persons (2008)

We present an investigation into modeling of athetoid motion and prediction of user intent, for use in assistive computer interfaces during icon-clicking tasks. Data were recorded from three athetoid patients during unassisted icon-clicking trials with an isometric joystick. In order to facilitate development and testing of filter designs without the difficulty of repeated testing with human subjects, a quantitative model of the recorded patient data was developed using pseudoinverse methods. Using this model within the visuomotor control loop for the icon-clicking task, a prediction filter was then developed to reduce the target acquisition time. The filter is based on a novel "autoregressive stretching window" model which selects five data points evenly distributed across the input and output histories to predict the intended target, together with a second-order system that smoothes the movement of the cursor. On average, the filter demonstrated a reduction of target acquisition time by a factor of 2.7 in experiments with the patient models.
Capacity of a Class of Relay Channels With Orthogonal Components (2005)

The capacity of a class of discrete-memoryless relay channels with orthogonal channels from the sender to the relay receiver and from the sender and relay to the receiver is shown to be equal to the max-flow min-cut upper bound. The result is extended to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) relay channels where the channel from the sender to the relay uses a different frequency band from the channel from the sender and the relay to the receiver.
The Bishop of San Fernando (1994)

Alfred Palmer-Ross was born with every advantage, but he has not been a success as Bishop of San Fernando. His 20 years there have been largely wasted, overshadowed by a fall from grace, known only to the Archbishop, which ruined what ought to have been a brilliant ecclesiastical career.
Knowledge representation into Ada parallel processing (1990)

The Knowledge Representation into Ada Parallel Processing project is a joint NASA and Air Force funded project to demonstrate the execution of intelligent systems in Ada on the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory fault-tolerant parallel processor (FTPP). Two applications were demonstrated - a portion of the adaptive tactical navigator and a real time controller. Both systems are implemented as Activation Framework Objects on the Activation Framework intelligent scheduling mechanism developed by Worcester Polytechnic Institute. The implementations, results of performance analyses showing speedup due to parallelism and initial efficiency improvements are detailed and further areas for performance improvements are suggested.
Host SAMHD1 protein restricts endogenous reverse transcription of HIV-1 in nondividing macrophages (2018)

This finding identifies the viral ERT step as an additional step of HIV-1 replication cycle that SAMHD1 restricts in nondividing myeloid target cells.
Neural mass spatio-temporal modeling from high-density electrode array recordings (2015)

Neural mass models provide an attractive framework for modeling complex behavior in cortical circuits. The models are based on describing the dynamics of large neural populations through the space and time evolution of a small number of key aggregate statistical quantities. Fitting these models to electrode array recordings can provide insight into connectivity and structure of neural circuits as well as the response of these circuits to stimuli. However, neural mass models are fundamentally nonlinear dynamical systems with large numbers of hidden states, and validating the models on actual recordings and estimating the key parameters remains challenging. This work proposes a novel method for systematically identifying neural mass models that is particularly well-suited for high-density micro-electrocorticographic (μECoG) data. The methodology requires minimal assumptions on the model, and can automatically uncover the underlying components in the neural populations We discuss possible applications to in vivo recordings from feline visual cortex using a recently-developed, high-density 360 contact flexible electrode array with 500 μm inter-electrode spacing.
Endogenous factors enhance HIV infection of tissue naive CD4 T cells by stimulating high molecular mass APOBEC3G complex formation (2006)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can infect resting CD4 T cells residing in lymphoid tissues but not those circulating in peripheral blood. The molecular mechanisms producing this difference remain unknown. We explored the potential role of the tissue microenvironment and its influence on the action of the antiviral factor APOBEC3G (A3G) in regulating permissivity to HIV infection. We found that endogenous IL-2 and -15 play a key role in rendering resident naive CD4 T cells susceptible to HIV infection. Infection of memory CD4 T cells also requires endogenous soluble factors, but not IL-2 or -15. A3G is found in a high molecular mass complex in HIV infection-permissive, tissue-resident naive CD4 T cells but resides in a low molecular mass form in nonpermissive, blood-derived naive CD4 T cells. Upon treatment with endogenous soluble factors, these cells become permissive for HIV infection, as low molecular mass A3G is induced to assemble into high molecular mass complexes. These findings suggest that in lymphoid tissues, endogenous soluble factors, likely including IL-2 and -15 and others, stimulate the formation of high molecular mass A3G complexes in tissue-resident naive CD4 T cells, thereby relieving the potent postentry restriction block for HIV infection conferred by low molecular mass A3G.
Self‐Assembly of n‐Alkyl‐ and Aryl‐Side Chain Ureas and Their Derivatives as Evidenced by SEM and X‐ray Analysis (2015)

Abstract A small library of ureas and related compounds was synthesized and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, powder X‐ray (pXRD), and polarized optical microscopy (POM) techniques in order to elucidate the factors controlling their self‐assembly in the solid state. Inspection of the 12 solid‐state structures revealed that molecules in the crystal lattice are held together by intermolecular H‐bonding, π–π stacking as well as C‐H/π interactions. The same interactions are likely responsible for the formation of supramolecular aggregates (e.g. sheet‐like assemblies, micro‐ and nano‐fibers, and the porous networks easily identifiable by SEM technique) and in certain cases led to the small molecules gelation.
Radiation measurement of 60 GHz high resistivity silicon on insulator double slot antenna (2011)

Abstract The performance of a 60 GHz folded‐slot antenna integrated on high resistivity silicon on insulator is described.The antenna is composed of a coplanar waveguide transmission line and the radiating slots. The slot antenna is folded and short circuited at its edge to optimize the 50 Ω matching impedance process. Backside substrate metallization has been used to improve radiation properties. A novel test method is used to measure the gain pattern of the dipole. The resulting measured radiation efficiency is 20% with a gain around −5.5 dBi at 60 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2861–2865, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26414
Multidrug Transporter ABCG2 Prevents Tumor Cell Death Induced by the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Iressa (ZD1839, Gefitinib) (2005)

Iressa (ZD1839, Gefitinib), used in clinics to treat non-small cell lung cancer patients, is a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor that leads to specific decoupling of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Recent data indicate that Iressa is especially effective in tumors with certain EGFR mutations; however, a subset of these tumors does not respond to Iressa. In addition, certain populations have an elevated risk of side effects during Iressa treatment. The human ABCG2 (BCRP/MXR/ABCP) transporter causes cancer drug resistance by actively extruding a variety of cytotoxic drugs, and it functions physiologically to protect our tissues from xenobiotics. Importantly, ABCG2 modifies absorption, distribution, and toxicity of several pharmacologic agents. Previously, we showed that ABCG2 displays a high-affinity interaction with several tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors, including Iressa. Here, we show that the expression of ABCG2, but not its nonfunctional mutant, protects the EGFR signaling-dependent A431 tumor cells from death on exposure to Iressa. This protection is reversed by the ABCG2-specific inhibitor, Ko143. These data, reinforced with cell biology and biochemical experiments, strongly suggest that ABCG2 can actively pump Iressa. Therefore, variable expression and polymorphisms of ABCG2 may significantly modify the antitumor effect as well as the absorption and tissue distribution of Iressa.
Property Rights, Privatization, and the State-Owned Firm (1998)

AMONG scholars of reforming socialist economies, the point that “institutions matter” is taken as something of a truism. After all, the shift from command planning to the market almost by definition involves an institutional revolution, a nearly complete shift in the rules of the game for economic actors, and an extraordinary transformation of the organizational environment in which those actors operate. As the institutional environment evolves, new incentives presumably bear down upon enterprise managers and government officials alike. Behavior in the most general sense, then, can be expected to shift accordingly. Government officials should cease micromanaging the firm, and instead should move toward more regulatory roles. Managers should cease hoarding inputs, and instead should expand profits. In the broadest sense, this conceptual linkage between institutional change – changes in the regulatory environment – and economic outcomes appears rather uncontroversial, particularly in the transitional environment.
Micro‐Crystallization (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Microfluidics – Method and Design Utility of Microfluidics for Crystallization
Ultra-high-speed transmission of polymer-based multimode interference devices for board-level high-throughput optical interconnects (2006)

Multimode interference (MMI) devices operating at high data rates are important for integrated optics and optical networks. Their 1×<i>N</i> splitting provides a basic functionality in these applications. Ultra-high speed data transmission at 40Gb/s per channel with a total bandwidth of 320Gb/s for all 8 output ports is demonstrated for the first time on a 1 × 8 photo-definable polymer-based MMI power splitter. The transmission integrity is confirmed by the bit-error-rate (BER) testing. To further determine the speed limitations of MMI devices, ultra-short pulse response of these devices is quantified. For example, for 20<i>f</i>s Gaussian input pulses into a 1×8 polymer-based MMI splitter, the output pulses are severely degraded in coupling efficiency (47%) and completely broken up in time and in space primarily due to inter-modal and intra-modal (waveguide) dispersions.
Squalenoyl Gemcitabine Monophosphate: Synthesis, Characterisation of Nanoassemblies and Biological Evaluation (2011)

Abstract Trialkylammonium 4‐( N )‐1,1′,2‐trisnor‐squalenoylgemcitabine monophosphate (SQdFdC‐MP) salts were prepared from 1,1′,2‐trisnor‐squalenoylgemcitabine by phosphoramidite‐type chemistry. This amphiphilic molecule self‐assembled into nanoassemblies of about 100 nm in size in aqueous solutions. Cryo‐TEM and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) investigations revealed that SQdFdC‐MP molecules self‐organized into unilamellar liposomes with a membrane thickness of about 70 Å. Such liposomal trialkylammonium SQdFdC‐MP formulations displayed significant anticancer activity on leukaemia cells. These results suggested that squalene conjugates of negatively charged nucleotide analogues efficiently penetrated into tumour cells. Furthermore, triethylammonium SQdFdC‐MP nanoassemblies were found to be more active than the parent nucleoside towards the L1210 10 K resistant cell line.
Critical Role of Structural Water for Enhanced Li + Insertion Kinetics in Crystalline Tungsten Oxides (2022)

Electrochemical ion insertion into transition metal oxides forms the foundation of several energy technologies. Transition metal oxides can exhibit sluggish ion transport and/or phase-transformation kinetics during ion insertion that can limit their performance at high rates (&lt;10 min). In this study, we investigate the role of structural water in transition metal oxides during Li + insertion using staircase potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (SPEIS) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) analysis of WO 3 ·H 2 O and WO 3 thin-film electrodes. Overall, the presence of structural water in WO 3 ·H 2 O improves Li + insertion kinetics compared to WO 3 and leads to a less potential-dependent insertion process. Operando electrogravimetry and 3D Bode impedance analyses of nanostructured films reveal that the presence of structural water promotes charge accommodation without significant co-insertion of solvent, leading to our hypothesis that the electrochemically induced structural transitions of WO 3 hinder the electrode response at faster timescales (&lt;10 min). Designing layered materials with confined fluids that exhibit less structural transitions may lead to more versatile ion-insertion hosts for next-generation electrochemical technologies.
Noninvasive Transcranial Clot Lysis Using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (2011)

small, predefined volume whereas the vast majority of brain tissue would be minimally affected. This is not the case with conventional or customized
Identification of multiple salicylic acid-binding proteins using two high throughput screens (2015)

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important hormone involved in many diverse plant processes, including floral induction, stomatal closure, seed germination, adventitious root initiation, and thermogenesis. It also plays critical functions during responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. The role(s) of SA in signaling disease resistance is by far the best studied process, although it is still only partially understood. To obtain insights into how SA carries out its varied functions, particularly in activating disease resistance, two new high throughput screens were developed to identify novel SA-binding proteins (SABPs). The first utilized crosslinking of the photo-reactive SA analog 4-AzidoSA (4AzSA) to proteins in an Arabidopsis leaf extract, followed by immuno-selection with anti-SA antibodies and then mass spectroscopy-based identification. The second utilized photo-affinity crosslinking of 4AzSA to proteins on a protein microarray (PMA) followed by detection with anti-SA antibodies. To determine whether the candidate SABPs (cSABPs) obtained from these screens were true SABPs, recombinantly-produced proteins were generated and tested for SA-inhibitable crosslinking to 4AzSA, which was monitored by immuno-blot analysis, SA-inhibitable binding of the SA derivative 3-aminoethylSA (3AESA), which was detected by a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, or SA-inhibitable binding of [(3)H]SA, which was detected by size exclusion chromatography. Based on our criteria that true SABPs must exhibit SA-binding activity in at least two of these assays, nine new SABPs are identified here; nine others were previously reported. Approximately 80 cSABPs await further assessment. In addition, the conflicting reports on whether NPR1 is an SABP were addressed by showing that it bound SA in all three of the above assays.
Distributed Matrix-Vector Multiplication: A Convolutional Coding\n Approach (2019)

Distributed computing systems are well-known to suffer from the problem of\nslow or failed nodes; these are referred to as stragglers. Straggler mitigation\n(for distributed matrix computations) has recently been investigated from the\nstandpoint of erasure coding in several works. In this work we present a\nstrategy for distributed matrix-vector multiplication based on convolutional\ncoding. Our scheme can be decoded using a low-complexity peeling decoder. The\nrecovery process enjoys excellent numerical stability as compared to\nReed-Solomon coding based approaches (which exhibit significant problems owing\ntheir badly conditioned decoding matrices). Finally, our schemes are better\nmatched to the practically important case of sparse matrix-vector\nmultiplication as compared to many previous schemes. Extensive simulation\nresults corroborate our findings.\n
Effective Communication: Tips on Technical Writing (2008)

hen writing tech-nical articles,engineers and re-searchers shouldinvest the timeand energy to write as clearly and effi-ciently as possible. Sometimes we failto do that, perhaps because we fall intothe fallacy that results speak for them-selves or because we feel that we don’thave time to read books and articles ontechnical writing. The impact of atechnical article may have as much todo with how well it is presented as withthe engineering or scientific signifi-cance of the work. A well-written arti-cle is easier to understand and easier toremember; the more readers thatremember your work, the higher thelikelihood it will get cited. This articlereviews some basic principles and dis-cusses a few tips (dos and don’ts) aboutwriting technical papers.
Offline Permutation Algorithms on the Discrete Memory Machine with Performance Evaluation on the GPU (2013)

The Discrete Memory Machine (DMM) is a theoretical parallel computing model that captures the essence of the shared memory access of GPUs. Bank conflicts should be avoided for maximizing the bandwidth of the shared memory access. Offline permutation of an array is a task to copy all elements in array a into array b along a permutation given in advance. The main contribution of this paper is to implement a conflict-free permutation algorithm on the DMM in a GPU. We have also implemented straightforward permutation algorithms on the GPU. The experimental results for 1024 double (64-bit) numbers on NVIDIA GeForce GTX-680 show that the straightforward permutation algorithm takes 247.8 ns for the random permutation and 1684ns for the worst permutation that involves the maximum bank conflicts. Our conflict-free permutation algorithm runs in 167ns for any permutation including the random permutation and the worst permutation, although it performs more memory accesses. It follows that our conflict-free permutation is 1.48 times faster for the random permutation and 10.0 times faster for the worst permutation.