gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal annealing study of the mid-infrared aluminum nitride on insulator (AlNOI) photonics platform (2021)

Aluminum nitride on insulator (AlNOI) photonics platform has great potential for mid-infrared applications thanks to the large transparency window, piezoelectric property, and second-order nonlinearity of AlN. However, the deployment of AlNOI platform might be hindered by the high propagation loss. We perform thermal annealing study and demonstrate significant loss improvement in the mid-infrared AlNOI photonics platform. After thermal annealing at 400°C for 2 hours in ambient gas environment, the propagation loss is reduced by half. Bend loss and taper coupling loss are also investigated. The performance of multimode interferometer, directional coupler, and add/drop filter are improved in terms of insertion loss, quality factor, and extinction ratio. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy suggest the loss improvement is mainly attributed to the reduction of extinction coefficient in the silicon dioxide cladding. Apart from loss improvement, appropriate thermal annealing also helps in reducing thin film stress.
Lattice Algorithms for Compression Color Space Estimation in JPEG Images (2001)

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is an international standard to compress and store digital color images [5]. Given a color image that was previously JPEG-compressed in some hidden color space, we aim to estimate this unknown compression color space from the image. This knowledge is potentially useful for color image enhancement and JPEG re-compression. JPEG operates on the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of each color plane independently during compression. Consequently, the DCT coefficients of the color image conform to a lattice structure. We exploit this special geometry using the lattice reduction algorithm from number theory and cryptography to estimate the compression color space. Simulations verify that the proposed algorithm yields accurate compression color space estimates.
Superheating and Induced Melting at Semiconductor Interfaces (2005)

We present ab initio density-functional simulations of the state of several semiconductor surfaces at temperatures near the bulk melting temperatures. We find that the solid-liquid phase-transition temperature at the surface can be altered via a microscopic (single-monolayer) coating with a different lattice-matched semiconducting material. Our results show that a single-monolayer GaAs coating on a Ge(110) surface above the Ge melting temperature can dramatically reduce the diffusion coefficient of the germanium atoms, going so far as to prevent melting of the bulk layers on the 10 ps time scale. In contrast, a single-monolayer coating of Ge on a GaAs(110) surface introduces defects into the bulk and induces melting of the top layer of GaAs atoms 300 K below the GaAs melting point. To our knowledge, these calculations represent the first ab initio investigation of the superheating and induced melting phenomena.
Figure S1-S7 from LKB1 and KEAP1/NRF2 Pathways Cooperatively Promote Metabolic Reprogramming with Enhanced Glutamine Dependence in <i>KRAS</i>-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary bioinformatic analysis and CB-839 effects on in vitro cell proliferation, ROS stress and metabolism.&lt;/p&gt;
ForCES Intra-NE Topology Discovery (2006)

This document describes a mechanism for discovering inter-FE topology,
topology maintenance in Intra-NE. Such a mechanism is essential for
all these elements in the set to behave as a single Network Element,
as required by the ForCES architecture as well as to perform certain
optimizations at the FE by making use of the topology. The mechanism
only operates during post-association phase of ForCES protocol.
An automated decision‐tree approach to predicting protein interaction hot spots (2007)

Protein-protein interactions can be altered by mutating one or more "hot spots," the subset of residues that account for most of the interface's binding free energy. The identification of hot spots requires a significant experimental effort, highlighting the practical value of hot spot predictions. We present two knowledge-based models that improve the ability to predict hot spots: K-FADE uses shape specificity features calculated by the Fast Atomic Density Evaluation (FADE) program, and K-CON uses biochemical contact features. The combined K-FADE/CON (KFC) model displays better overall predictive accuracy than computational alanine scanning (Robetta-Ala). In addition, because these methods predict different subsets of known hot spots, a large and significant increase in accuracy is achieved by combining KFC and Robetta-Ala. The KFC analysis is applied to the calmodulin (CaM)/smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK) interface, and to the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)/BMP receptor-type I (BMPR-IA) interface. The results indicate a strong correlation between KFC hot spot predictions and mutations that significantly reduce the binding affinity of the interface.
Evaluation of Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) (65/35) Treated by Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Atmospheric Pressure (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Efectos subjetivos de la MDMA (“éxtasis”) sobre la función sexual humana (2001)

Resumen Se evaluó subjetivamente la función sexual después del consumo de 3,4-metilenodioximetanfetamina (MDMA a “éxtasis”) en 35 usuarios recreativos sanos (20 hombres y 15 mujeres, 21-48 años de edad) con respecto a cuatro dominios importantes de la actividad sexual: el deseo, la erección (la lubricación en las mujeres), el orgasmo y la satisfacción. El MDMA aumentó de moderada a profundamente el deseo y la satisfacción en más del 90% de los sujetos. El orgasmo se retrasó, pero se percibió como más intenso. La erección estaba disminuida en el 40% de los hombres. Parece que el MDMA deteriora la ejecución sexual, a pesar del aumento del deseo sexual y la as percepción de mayor satisfacción.
High efficiency and broadband design of reflectarray and measured results (2017)

On the reflectarray using ring-type resonator elements, a high efficiency design method was adopted and its results were confirmed at the design frequency. In this paper, in addition to the conventional high efficiency design method, a reflectarray was designed and measured by considering the broadband conditions. As a result, the aperture efficiency of the fabricated reflectarray was more than 65% in the relative bandwidth of 9.7%. Thus, the proposed design method was confirmed to have high efficiency wide band characteristics.
Table S8 from MicroRNA Array Analysis Finds Elevated Serum miR-1290 Accurately Distinguishes Patients with Low-Stage Pancreatic Cancer from Healthy and Disease Controls (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S8 - XLSX file 13KB, Supplemental Table S8. Association between serum miR-1290 and miR-486-3p levels and clinicopathologic characteristics among patients undergoing resection of their primary pancreatic cancer&lt;/p&gt;
Validity of Wigner Distribution Function for ray-based imaging (2011)

In this work we provide an introduction to the Wigner Distribution Function (WDF) using geometric optics principles. The WDF provides a useful model of wave-fields, allowing simulation of diffraction and interference effects. We attempt to explain these Fourier optics concepts to computational photography researchers by clarifying the relationship between the WDF and position-angle representations. We demonstrate how the WDF can be used to simulate diffraction effects using a light field representation and discuss its validity in the near-field, far-field, and under the paraxial approximation. Finally, we demonstrate that although the WDF representation contains negative values, any projection always yields a non-negative intensity value.
Adaptive Future Internet Applications (2012)

Adaptive capabilities are essential to guarantee the proper execution of Web services and service-oriented applications once dynamic changes are not exceptions but the rule. The importance of adaptive capabilities significantly increases in the context of Future Internet (FI) applications will have to autonomously adapt to changes on service provisioning, availability of things and content, computing resources, and network connectivity. Current solutions for adaptive Web services and adaptive service-based applications will be challenged in such a setting because they fall short to support essential characteristics of FI applications. This chapter analyzes and justifies the need for the transition from adaptive Web services and service-based applications to adaptive FI applications. Based on two real-world use cases from multimedia and logistics, the authors examine where current solutions fall short to properly address the adaptive needs of FI applications. They propose future research challenges that should be considered in adaptive FI applications.
In situ electric-field-induced contrast imaging of electronic transport pathways in nanotube-polymer composites (2006)

An electric-field-induced contrast mechanism for scanning electron microscopy is reported which permits the visualization of embedded nanomaterials inside various matrices with high contrast and high definition. The high contrast is proposed to result from localized enhancement of secondary electron emission from the nanomaterials due to electric-field-induced changes in their work functions. By utilizing a stage that allows in situ current-voltage measurements inside a scanning electron microscope, single-walled carbon nanotubes embedded within polymethyl methacrylate films were visualized directly. In addition to the rapid assessment of nanotube dispersion within polymers, electric-field-induced contrast imaging enables the determination of percolation pathways. From the contrast in the images, the relative voltage at all points in the electron micrograph can be determined, providing a new mechanism to understand electronic percolation through nanoscale networks.
No Identical “Mesenchymal Stem Cells” at Different Times and Sites: Human Committed Progenitors of Distinct Origin and Differentiation Potential Are Incorporated as Adventitial Cells in Microvessels (2016)

A widely shared view reads that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells ("MSCs") are ubiquitous in human connective tissues, can be defined by a common in vitro phenotype, share a skeletogenic potential as assessed by in vitro differentiation assays, and coincide with ubiquitous pericytes. Using stringent in vivo differentiation assays and transcriptome analysis, we show that human cell populations from different anatomical sources, regarded as "MSCs" based on these criteria and assumptions, actually differ widely in their transcriptomic signature and in vivo differentiation potential. In contrast, they share the capacity to guide the assembly of functional microvessels in vivo, regardless of their anatomical source, or in situ identity as perivascular or circulating cells. This analysis reveals that muscle pericytes, which are not spontaneously osteochondrogenic as previously claimed, may indeed coincide with an ectopic perivascular subset of committed myogenic cells similar to satellite cells. Cord blood-derived stromal cells, on the other hand, display the unique capacity to form cartilage in vivo spontaneously, in addition to an assayable osteogenic capacity. These data suggest the need to revise current misconceptions on the origin and function of so-called "MSCs," with important applicative implications. The data also support the view that rather than a uniform class of "MSCs," different mesoderm derivatives include distinct classes of tissue-specific committed progenitors, possibly of different developmental origin.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Effects in Selective Carbonyl Addition Reactions of Organomanganese and Cerium Reagents. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Boost System Development for Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression-Ignition (GDCI) (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Intake boosting is an important method to improve fuel economy of internal combustion engines. Engines can be down-sized, down-speeded, and up-loaded to reduce friction losses, parasitic losses, and pumping losses, and operate at speed-load conditions that are thermodynamically more efficient. Low-temperature combustion engines (LTE) also benefit from down-sizing, down-speeding, and up-loading, but these engines exhibit very low exhaust enthalpy to drive conventional turbochargers. This paper describes modeling, evaluation, and selection of an efficient boost system for a 1.8L four-cylinder Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression-Ignition (GDCI) engine.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;After a preliminary concept selection phase the model was used to develop the boost system parameters to achieve full-load and part-load engine operation objectives. The simulation was used to demonstrate that a practical boost system can provide the boost necessary at reasonable brake efficiency levels over the entire engine operating range. A comprehensive simulation based calibration was performed to determine the most efficient steady operation settings. Also a step change in speed/load engine operation was simulated to demonstrate the system transient response.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Endothelium-dependent relaxation and cyclic GMP accumulation in rabbit pulmonary artery are selectively impaired by moderate hypoxia. (1989)

The effect of hypoxia on endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation was studied in phenylephrine-precontracted, isolated rings of rabbit first-branch pulmonary artery. Concentration-dependent relaxation responses to the endothelium-dependent dilators methacholine, ATP, and the calcium ionophore (A23187) as well as to the endothelium-independent dilators sodium nitroprusside and isoproterenol were obtained before, during, and after exposure to hypoxia (PO2 = 42 +/- 1 mm Hg) in the presence of indomethacin (2.8 x 10(-5) M). This moderate degree of hypoxia inhibited (p less than 0.05) endothelium-dependent but not endothelium-independent relaxation responses without producing irreversible vascular damage. In parallel experiments, cyclic GMP accumulation in pulmonary vascular rings in response to maximal doses of the above vasodilators was measured in the presence and absence of hypoxia. Cyclic GMP accumulation in response to endothelium-dependent dilators (methacholine, ATP, and A23187) was inhibited (p less than 0.05) by hypoxia while cyclic GMP accumulation in response to the endothelium-independent dilator sodium nitroprusside was not. When phenylephrine precontracted vessels were exposed to hypoxia in the absence of vasodilators, a small, transient increase in tension occurred, which was greater in endothelium-intact than in endothelium-denuded vessels (0.70 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.09 +/- 0.03 g, respectively; p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High-Relaxivity Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based on Multisite Interactions between aβ-Cyclodextrin Oligomer and Suitably Functionalized GdIII Chelates (2001)

The results reported in this work show that tightly assembled adducts formed by trisubstituted GdIII complexes and a beta-CD multimer (Poly-beta-CD, d.p. ca. 12) may represent very interesting candidates for novel MRI applications wherein a high number of paramagnetic ions endowed with high relaxivity (per GdIII ion) are necessary. The relaxivities found for the paramagnetic adducts represent a remarkable step forward on the relaxivity scale. However, a detailed investigation of the determinants of the relaxation enhancement in these systems shows that their relaxivities are still limited by a nonoptimal tauR and a relatively long exchange lifetime of the coordinated water(s). Moreover, the exchange rate of the water molecule(s) coordinated to the GdIII ion further decreases upon binding to the Poly-beta-CD. It is suggested that this finding is related to the structural properties of the supramolecule, which brings a high density of hydroxyl groups into the proximity of the "guest" complexes, and this yields an overall reinforcement of the hydrogen-bonding network involving the coordinated water(s). On the other hand, such a tight arrangement appears responsible for an enhanced contribution to the observed relaxivity arising from water molecules in the second coordination sphere of the metal center.
Structural Optimization Affording 2-(R)-(1-(R)-3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylethoxy)-3-(S)-(4-fluoro)phenyl-4- (3-oxo-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methylmorpholine, a Potent, Orally Active, Long-Acting Morpholine Acetal Human NK-1 Receptor Antagonist (1998)

Structural modifications requiring novel synthetic chemistry were made to the morpholine acetal human neurokinin-1 (hNK-1) receptor antagonist 4, and this resulted in the discovery of 2-(R)-(1-(R)-3, 5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylethoxy)-3-(S)-(4-fluoro)phenyl-4-(3-ox o-1 ,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methyl morpholine (17). This modified compound is a potent, long-acting hNK-1 receptor antagonist as evidenced by its ability to displace [125I]Substance P from hNK-1 receptors stably expressed in CHO cells (IC50 = 0.09 +/- 0.06 nM) and by the measurement of the rates of association (k1 = 2.8 +/- 1.1 x 10(8) M-1 min-1) and dissociation (k-1 = 0.0054 +/- 0.003 min-1) of 17 from hNK-1 expressed in Sf9 membranes which yields Kd = 19 +/- 12 pM and a t1/2 for receptor occupancy equal to 154 +/- 75 min. Inflammation in the guinea pig induced by a resiniferatoxin challenge (with NK-1 receptor activation mediating the subsequent increase in vascular permeability) is inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the oral preadmininstration of 17 (IC50 (1 h) = 0.008 mg/kg; IC90 (24 h) = 1.8 mg/kg), indicating that this compound has good oral bioavailbility and peripheral duration of action. Central hNK-1 receptor stimulation is also inhibited by the systemic preadministration of 17 as shown by its ability to block an NK-1 agonist-induced foot tapping response in gerbils (IC50 (4 h) = 0.04 +/- 0.006 mg/kg; IC50 (24 h) = 0.33 +/- 0.017 mg/kg) and by its antiemetic actions in the ferret against cisplatin challenge. The activity of 17 at extended time points in these preclinical animal models sets it apart from earlier morpholine antagonists (such as 4), and the piperidine antagonists 2 and 3 and could prove to be an advantage in the treatment of chronic disorders related to the actions of Substance P. In part on the basis of these data, 17 has been identified as a potential clinical candidate for the treatment of peripheral pain, migraine, chemotherapy-induced emesis, and various psychiatric disorders.
Lack of Coreceptor Allows Survival of Chronically Stimulated Double-Negative α/β T Cells (2001)

Lymphoproliferative diseases are characterized by massive accumulation of CD4(-)CD8(-)B220(+) (double-negative [DN]) T cells in peripheral organs. Although evidence indicates these cells are derived from mature autoreactive alpha/beta T cells, the significance of coreceptor downregulation is not known. In this study, we examined the role CD4 coreceptor plays in the survival of repeatedly stimulated T cells. CD4(+/+) and CD4(-/-) T cells from AND T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice exhibited similar phenotypes after antigenic stimulation, but the CD4(-/-) T cells survived in much larger numbers than the CD4(+/+) cells upon primary and secondary major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/peptide stimulation. Enhanced survival of CD4(-/-) T cells was due to decreased apoptosis rather than enhanced proliferation. Similarly, circumvention of the CD4/MHC interaction by using a surrogate TCR ligand that does not engage CD4 led to significant enhancement of CD4(+/+) cells than when stimulated with MHC/peptide. Finally, we generated DN B220(+) T cells using an in vitro model system and showed they were more tolerant to chronic stimulation than CD4(+/+) cells. Together, these results indicate that coreceptor engagement controls expansion of normal T cells. In the absence of coreceptor, T cells survive chronic stimulation and express B220 as seen in autoimmune lymphoproliferative diseases.
Microscale High-Throughput Experimentation as an Enabling Technology in Drug Discovery: Application in the Discovery of (Piperidinyl)pyridinyl-1 H -benzimidazole Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 1 Inhibitors (2017)

Miniaturization and parallel processing play an important role in the evolution of many technologies. We demonstrate the application of miniaturized high-throughput experimentation methods to resolve synthetic chemistry challenges on the frontlines of a lead optimization effort to develop diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) inhibitors. Reactions were performed on ∼1 mg scale using glass microvials providing a miniaturized high-throughput experimentation capability that was used to study a challenging S<sub>N</sub>Ar reaction. The availability of robust synthetic chemistry conditions discovered in these miniaturized investigations enabled the development of structure-activity relationships that ultimately led to the discovery of soluble, selective, and potent inhibitors of DGAT1.
Intranasal midazolam: a comparison of two delivery devices in human volunteers (2006)

Bidirectional nasal drug delivery is a new administration principle with improved deposition pattern that may increase nasal drug uptake. Twelve healthy subjects were included in this open, non-randomized 3-way crossover study: midazolam (3.4 mg) intravenously (1 mg mL (-1)), or nasally by bidirectional or traditional spray (2 x100 microL of a 17 mg mL(-1) nasal midazolam formulation). The primary outcome was bioavailability. Blood samples were drawn for 6 h for determination (gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry) of midazolam and 1-OH-midazolam. Pharmacokinetic calculations were based on non-compartmental modelling, sedation assessed by a subjective 0-10 NRS-scale, and nasal dimensions by non-invasive acoustic rhinometry. Mean bioavailabilities were 0.68-0.71, and Tmax 15 min for the sprays, which also were bioequivalent (ratio geometric means (90%) CI: 97.6% (90% CI 83.5; 113.9)). Sedation after bidirectional spray followed intravenous sedation closely, while sedation after the traditional spray was less pronounced. A negative correlation between Cmax and smallest cross-sectional area was seen. Adverse effects such as local irritation did not differ significantly between the sprays. Apparently bidirectional delivery did not increase systemic bioavailability of midazolam. We cannot disregard that only the traditional spray caused less sedation than intravenous administration. This finding needs to be confirmed in trials designed for this purpose.