gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virologic and Immunologic Evidence of Multifocal Genital Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Infection (2014)

This detailed report of the anatomic patterns of genital HSV-2 shedding demonstrates that HSV-2 reactivation can be detected at multiple bilateral sites in the genital tract, suggesting that HSV establishes latency throughout the sacral ganglia. In addition, genital biopsy specimens from sites of asymptomatic HSV shedding have increased numbers of CD8(+) T cells compared to control tissue, and HSV-specific CD4(+) T cells are found at sites of asymptomatic shedding. These findings suggest that widespread asymptomatic genital HSV-2 shedding is associated with a targeted host immune response and contributes to chronic inflammation throughout the genital tract.
Metal-dielectric composites with tunable optical properties (2010)

We report on the fabrication of a metal-dielectric composite material with tunable optical properties. The developed fabrication method relies on simultaneous DC sputtering of a metal and a suitable dielectric, creating an isotropic material with optical properties that can be controllably varied over a wide range of wavelengths. Currently the research is focusing on a combination of Ag and ZnO that is suitable for applications at the visible and telecommunication frequencies. The material combination is well suited for the deposition method chosen, and physical characterizations using AFM and SEM measurements show that the mixture forms homogeneous films with low surface roughness. In order to test the validity of this approach films are deposited with a variety of deposition parameters, focusing mainly on the relative deposition rates basically controlling the filling factor. Optical properties found from experiments using spectroscopic ellipsometry as well as farfield reflection-transmission measurements are compared to those predicted by the effective medium theory.
Organic Corn Production in Kentucky (2015)

The number of organic dairy cows in Kentucky has been steadily increasing for years, yet there’s not enough organic corn produced in the state to feed the growing herds. In fact, most of the organic corn consumed in Kentucky is produced outside of the state. The growing organic livestock and poultry industries in Kentucky face the same feed constraints. In short, a new market has developed in the state, but few local farmers are taking advantage of it.
Assessing Students‘ Mathematical Challenges in an Introduction to Signal Processing Course and the Effects of Cooperative Learning (2018)

Signal processing is a specialization in electrical engineering which is often considered mathematically challenging for students. It is difficult in part due to the abstract nature of the topics, extensive use of mathematical formulations and mathematical limitations and deficiencies from prior courses. Professors have often identified deficiencies related to complex numbers and signal transformations, which are key for fundamental topics such as convolution and frequency analysis. Although previous work has assessed the effects of alternative teaching methods in this course, no prior studies have focus on complex numbers and signal transformations and their related misconceptions and deficiencies. In this work, we aim to identify students` mathematical deficiencies by building upon prior knowledge through a series of tutorials, designed following backward design, and which followed an informal cooperative learning approach. Data was collected through pre- and post-tutorial tests and self-confidence surveys. Results showed an overall increase in performance in post-tutorial assessments as well as increased reported self-confidence. Skills that remain more challenging are those requiring plotting mathematical functions.
Rapid Functionalization of Graphene Oxide in Water (2014)

Polymer composites containing carbon nanoparticles have recently garnered much attention due to superb electronic, mechanical, and gas barrier properties. Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) stand out among carbon nanofillers due to cost efficiency and scalability, but one hurdle preventing their widespread use is the lack of miscibility of GO and rGO platelets with polymer matrixes. The desired processability can be achieved by covalent functionalization of GO and rGO, but current methods necessitate anhydrous conditions and harsh reagents. Herein, we describe the rapid covalent functionalization of GO and rGO in acidic aqueous suspensions under ambient conditions using the Pinner reaction between hydroxyl groups on (r)GO and nitriles. The modified platelets are characterized by FTIR, Raman, AFM, TGA, XPS, and four-point probe conductivity measurements. Using this methodology, GO requires little purification and no drying after preparation and multiple grams can be functionalized with a variety of small molecule and polymer nitriles in only a couple of hours. Furthermore, functionalized platelets are isolated by centrifugation or filtration, readily giving conductive platelets with tailored solubility and functionalities for further modification.
Unsupervised Generation Of Percussion Sound Sequences From A Sound Example (2010)

(Abstract to follow)
Ultrashallow defect states at SiO2∕4H–SiC interfaces (2008)

Interface state density (Dit) at SiO2∕4H–SiC interfaces are reported for states lying energetically within ∼0.05–0.2eV of the conduction band edge (EC) of 4H–SiC using capacitance-voltage characterization as a function of temperature. Comparison of as-grown dry oxidized and nitrided interfaces confirms the significant reduction of Dit associated with nitridation. In the as-oxidized case (no nitridation), the Dit in the energy range ∼0.05–0.2eV below EC is found to consist of a broad Dit peak at about ∼0.1eV below EC with an energy width of about ∼0.2eV and a peak magnitude of ∼2×1013cm−2eV−1 superimposed on an exponentially decaying background distribution. Interfacial nitridation completely eliminates the broad peak but does not strongly affect the background.
Polyclonal B-cell activation by a B-cell differentiation factor B151-TRF2. IV. B151-TRF2-responsive F1 B cells consist of two separate populations capable of recognizing only one of the parental I-A products expressed on B cells. (1987)

Polyclonal IgM PFC responses of unstimulated B cells induced by a B cell differentiation factor, B151-TRF2, have been shown to involve an Ia-dependent process which is inhibitable by anti-Ia monoclonal antibody (mAb). Moreover, we have demonstrated that when T cell-depleted (B10 x B10.BR)F1 (H-2b/k) spleen cells are fractionated based on their ability to bind to a B10 (H-2b) monolayer, the B151-TRF2 responses of the adherent and nonadherent cell fractions are markedly inhibited by anti-I-Ab and anti-I-Ak mAbs, respectively. From these results, we hypothesized that B cell-recognition of self-I-A products expressed on B cells is involved in the B151-TRF2-induced polyclonal B cell activation. The present study examined the genetic and cellular requirements for the successful separation of F1 B cells with parental monolayers in order to prove recognition by B cells of self-I-A products expressed on B cells. The experiments utilizing monolayers from H-2 congenic strains revealed that identity at the I-A subregion of the H-2 complex between responding F1 B cells and monolayer cells was necessary and sufficient for the successful separation of F1 B cells. In support of this conclusion, purified B cells and B cell lines expressing only parental I-A products on the surface could function effectively as monolayers. Masking of I-A determinants expressed on the monolayer with anti-I-A mAb almost completely abolished the successful separation of F1 B cells, whereas pretreatment of Ia antigens on responding F1 B cells with anti-Ia mAbs did not affect the subsequent separation, indicating involvement of receptor-I-A product interaction rather than like-like interaction in the separation of F1 B cells by the monolayer. The B151-TRF2 responses of purified B cells obtained from athymic nude mice were specifically inhibited by the relevant anti-I-A mAb but not by anti-L3T4 and anti-LFA-1 mAbs, both of which were inhibitory to the Ia-restricted T cell responses. In addition, anti-Thy1.2 mAb plus complement-treated spleen cells from athymic F1 nude mice were successfully fractionated with parental monolayer into two separate populations with restriction specificity for only one of parental I-A products. These results negate the involvement of Ia-restricted T cells in the Ia-dependent process of the B cell activation. Finally, it was demonstrated that there was no apparent difference in the expression of respective parental I-A products between F1 B cell subpopulations adherent and nonadherent to parental monolayers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Switched-Capacitor Realization of Presynaptic Short-Term-Plasticity and Stop-Learning Synapses in 28 nm CMOS (2014)

Synaptic dynamics, such as long- and short-term plasticity, play an important role in the complexity and biological realism achievable when running neural networks on a neuromorphic IC. For example, they endow the IC with an ability to adapt and learn from its environment. In order to achieve the mil- lisecond to second time constants required for these synaptic dynamics, analog subthreshold circuits are usually employed. However, due to process variation and leakage problems, it is almost impossible to port these types of circuits to modern sub-100nm technologies. In contrast, we present a neuromor- phic system in a 28 nm CMOS process that employs switched capacitor (SC) circuits to implement 128 short term plasticity presynapses as well as 8192 stop-learning synapses. The neuromorphic system consumes an area of 0.36 mm2 and runs at a power consumption of 1.9 mW. The circuit makes use of a technique for minimizing leakage effects allowing for real-time operation with time constants up to sev- eral seconds. Since we rely on SC techniques for all calculations, the system is composed of only generic mixed-signal building blocks. These generic building blocks make the system easy to port between technologies and the large digital circuit part inherent in an SC system benefits fully from technology scaling.
Jump-Diffusion Risk-Sensitive Asset Management I: Diffusion Factor Model (2010)

This paper considers a portfolio optimization problem in which asset prices are represented by SDEs driven by Brownian motion and a Poisson random measure, with drifts that are functions of an auxiliary diffusion factor process. The criterion, following earlier work by Bielecki, Pliska, Nagai and others, is risk-sensitive optimization (equivalent to maximizing the expected growth rate subject to a constraint on variance.) By using a change of measure technique introduced by Kuroda and Nagai we show that the problem reduces to solving a certain stochastic control problem in the factor process, which has no jumps. The main result of the paper is to show that the risk-sensitive jump diffusion problem can be fully characterized in terms of a parabolic Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman PDE rather than a PIDE, and that this PDE admits a classical C^{1,2} solution.
Alteration of the Antitumor Immune Response by Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (2018)

Among cells present in the tumor microenvironment, activated fibroblasts termed cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), play a critical role in the complex process of tumor-stroma interaction. CAFs, one of the prominent stromal cell populations in most types of human carcinomas, have been involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, cancer stemness, extracellular matrix remodeling, tissue invasion, metastasis, and even chemoresistance. During the past decade, these activated tumor-associated fibroblasts have also been involved in the modulation of the anti-tumor immune response on various levels. In this review, we describe our current understanding of how CAFs accomplish this task as well as their potential therapeutic implications.
Chemical consequences of orbital interactions. 8. The importance of the counterion. The relative energies of homocubyl cations and ion pairs (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical consequences of orbital interactions. 8. The importance of the counterion. The relative energies of homocubyl cations and ion pairsWilliam L. JorgensenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 13, 4272–4276Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00455a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00455a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Correction: Mortality Rate in Varicella Infection with Malignancy as a Comorbidity (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1988Correction: Mortality Rate in Varicella Infection with Malignancy as a ComorbidityRonald A. Sherman, MDRonald A. Sherman, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-5-438_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: I was quite pleased to see the article on varicella-zoster virus infections (1). Not only did this review provide a comprehensive synthesis of the current understanding of varicella-zoster immunology and molecular biology, but it also provided a much needed reminder that this virus is not as benign as we frequently think.However, some of the epidemiologic statistics were either misinterpreted or else inadequately referenced. Specifically, the authors state that "Adults with an underlying malignancy, who acquire varicella infection, may have a mortality rate as high as 50%." Because this rate seemed high, I consulted the article cited...References1. StrausOstroveInchauspé SJG. Varicella-zoster virus infections: biology, natural history, treatment, and prevention. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:221-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Preblud S. Varicella: complications and costs. Pediatrics. 1986;78(suppl):728-35. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London WC1E 7HT, England PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1988Volume 109, Issue 5Page: 438-439KeywordsDeath ratesEpidemiological statisticsImmunologyMolecular biology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pulmonary Artery Pressure Response to Hypoxia in Sleep Apnea (1997)

The pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) responses to short runs of acute hypoxia at two different levels of end-tidal CO2 were measured in nine normal subjects and in 20 patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In normal subjects the mean increase in Ppa in response to eucapnic hypoxia was 8 +/- 2 mm Hg (SEM) and was not different from the response to hypercapnic hypoxia (9 +/- 2 mm Hg, p > 0.2). In patients with OSA, the mean increase of Ppa was 8 +/- 1 mm Hg to eucapnic hypoxia, and the response to hypercapnic hypoxia was higher at 10 +/- 1 mm Hg (p = 0.01). Pulmonary pressor response to hypoxia was augmented (> 10 mm Hg) by hypercapnia in four of 20 patients with OSA but in none of the normal subjects. Normoxic hypercapnia alone was a weak stimulus, increasing Ppa by > 5 mm Hg in only two of nine patients with OSA studied. In conclusion, Ppa increases in both normal subjects and patients with OSA exposed to a ramp of acute isocapnic hypoxia. There were clear interindividual differences in pulmonary artery response. Hypercapnia did not produce clinical significant changes in Ppa in either group.
Naturally Acquired Antibodies to the Glutamate‐Rich Protein Are Associated with Protection againstPlasmodium falciparumMalaria (2000)

The development of effective malaria vaccines depends on the identification of targets of well-defined protective immune responses. Data and samples from a longitudinal study of a cohort of children from coastal Ghana were used to investigate the role of antibody responses to 3 regions of the Plasmodium falciparum glutamate-rich protein (GLURP). The data show that levels of the GLURP-specific IgG that occurs in the nonrepeat region of the antigen are significantly correlated with clinical protection from P. falciparum malaria, after correction for the confounding effect of age. Furthermore, levels of cytophilic antibodies were found to be of particular importance for protection, lending support to the hypothesis that antibody-dependent cellular inhibition is the important element in GLURP-specific protective immunity.
4‐(3,4‐Dihydro‐1H‐isoquinolin‐2yl)‐pyridines and 4‐(3,4‐Dihydro‐1H‐isoquinolin‐2‐yl)‐quinolines as Potent NR1/2B Subtype Selective NMDA Receptor Antagonists. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Two‐Photon‐Triggered Drug Delivery in Cancer Cells Using Nanoimpellers (2013)

Transport per Flügelrad: Der durch einen Zweiphotonenprozess ausgelöste Camptothecin-Transport in MCF-7-Krebszellen mithilfe von Nanoimpellern (siehe Bild) wurde untersucht. Ein Fluorophor mit einem großen Zweiphotonenabsorptionsquerschnitt wurde zunächst in die Nanoimpeller eingebaut. Zwischen dem Fluorophor und der Azobenzol-Einheit fand ein resonanter Fluoreszenzenergietransfer (FRET) statt.
Ultrasound-Based Quantification of Vitreous Floaters Correlates with Contrast Sensitivity and Quality of Life (2015)

Quantitative ultrasound provides quantitative measures of vitreous echodensity that correlate with CS and VFQ, providing objective assessment of vitreous structure underlying the functional disturbances induced by floaters, useful to quantify vitreous disease severity and the response to therapy.
Absence of mutagenic activity in the bacterial reverse mutation assay with pulegone and peppermint oil (2020)

The essential oil of peppermint and one of its natural constituents, (R)-(+)-pulegone, are approved flavorings added to food worldwide. (R)-(+)-Pulegone and peppermint oil were tested separately in two independent bacterial reverse mutation assays according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Guideline 471. Both flavorings did not produce any evidence of mutagenicity up to cytotoxic concentrations in either the presence or the absence of exogenous metabolic activation.
Optimization of the Altitude and Speed Profile of the Aircraft Cruise with Fixed Arrival Time (2021)

We consider the problem of minimizing the fuel consumption of subsonic passenger and transport aircraft at the cruise flight phase. An optimization problem is stated to form the altitude and speed flight profile. It is proposed to solve this problem by the coordinate descent method (taking into account the constraints) combined with the use of a set of auxiliary candidate points. The calculation of fuel consumption as an objective function of optimization is realized by numerical modeling with a fixed step for speed and altitude transients and by a simplified calculation of the per second consumption based on the static equations on flight intervals with constant speed and altitude.
Allium chemistry: Use of new instrumental techniques to “see” reactive organosulfur species formed upon crushing garlic and onion (2010)

Three different instrumental methods have been used to examine the organosulfur chemistry of intact and cut garlic and onions: X-ray fluorescence spectroscopic imaging (XFS), direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spec-trometry, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-(Ag + )-coordination ion spray mass spectrometry (UPLC–(Ag + )CIS–MS). The first technique has been used to map the location of different chemical forms of sulfur in intact and damaged onion cells, the second technique, to identify the reactive, volatile sulfur compounds formed on cutting the plants, and the third technique, to identify members of families of polysulfides found in the distilled oil of garlic.
Adhesion Molecules on Eosinophils in Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia (1995)

We describe the clinical features, eosinophil surface analysis, and concentration of interleukin-5 (IL-5) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and in peripheral blood (PB) of a young male patient with acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Eosinophilic pneumonia was diagnosed by BAL and by its clinical course. There was no evidence of an infectious etiology, and the patient showed rapid improvement with methylprednisolone pulse therapy (1 gm/d for 3 d). Significant differences in the expression of surface molecules such as CD54, HLA-DR, and CD69 were observed between BAL and PB eosinophils; IL-5 concentrations in BAL and in PB before treatment were 450 pg/ml and 700 pg/ml, respectively. After treatment, IL-5 concentration in PB was reduced to below 100 pg/ml. The patient has shown no recurrence after treatment.
Activating Signals Dominate Inhibitory Signals in CD137L/IL-15 Activated Natural Killer Cells (2011)

Natural killer (NK) cells can mediate potent antitumor effects, but factors regulating the efficiency of tumor lysis remain unclear. Studies in allogeneic stem cell transplantation highlight an important role for killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) mismatch in overcoming human leukocyte antigen-mediated inhibitory signals. However, other activating and inhibitory signals also modulate tumor lysis by NK cells. We used rhIL15 and artificial antigen presenting cells expressing CD137L and IL15Rα to activate and expand peripheral blood NK cells (CD137L/IL15 NK) up to 1000-fold in 3 weeks. Compared with resting NK cells, CD137L/IL15 NK cells show modest increases in KIR expression and substantial increases in NKG2D, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, and natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs: NKp30, NKp44, NKp46). Compared with resting NK cells, CD137L/IL15 NK cells mediate enhanced cytotoxicity against allogeneic and autologous tumors and KIR signaling did not substantially inhibit cytotoxicity. Rather, tumor lysis by CD137L/IL15 activated NK cells was predominantly driven by NCR signaling as blockade of NCRs dramatically diminished the lysis of a wide array of tumor targets. Furthermore, tumor lysis by CD137L/IL15 NK cells was tightly linked to NCR expression levels that peaked on day 8 to 10 after NK activation, and cytotoxicity diminished on subsequent days as NCR expression declined. We conclude that KIR mismatch is not a prerequisite for tumor killing by CD137L/IL15 NK cells and that NCR expression provides a biomarker for predicting potency of CD137L/IL15 NK cells in studies of NK cell-based immunotherapy.