gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Velocity Aerosol Cleaning with Organic Solvents: Particle Removal and Substrate Damage (2009)

High velocity aerosol cleaning using ultrapure water or dilute aqueous solutions (e.g. dilute ammonia) is common in semiconductor IC fabrication [1]. This process combines droplet impact forces with continuous liquid flow for improved cleaning efficiency of sub-100nm particles. As with any physically enhanced cleaning process, improved particle removal can be accompanied by increased substrate damage, especially to smaller (&lt;80nm) features [2]. Solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) are used for resist strip applications [3]. It is possible, and sometimes useful, to deliver these solvents through the same spray nozzle normally used for aqueous spray cleaning. In this presentation we explore the particle removal and substrate damage performance of 2-ethoxyethanol (EGEE), NMP and THFA as used in a conventional aerosol spray cleaning system
An ethidium analog that binds with high specificity to a base-bulged duplex from the TAR RNA region of the HIV-1 genome (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAn ethidium analog that binds with high specificity to a base-bulged duplex from the TAR RNA region of the HIV-1 genomeLynda S. Ratmeyer, Ravi Vinayak, Gerald Zon, and W. David WilsonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 5, 966–968Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00083a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00083a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of a Novel Bis(stibole). (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Micro-Structural Constitutive Model for Chemically Treated Bovine Pericardium (1997)

Abstract Chemically treated bovine pericardium (BP) has been used extensively in the fabrication of bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV), which have compared to mechanical valves, superior fluid dynamical properties. However, BHVs continue to suffer limited long-term durability and will fail in 8–10 years, as result of calcification and mechanical damage. Our long-term goal is to improve BHV functional performance through the development of improved constitutive models. These models lead to a better understanding of the role tissue microstructure in determining overall mechanical behavior and limited long-term durability.
About the use of different processing domains for synchronization in non-contiguous FBMC systems (2013)

The problem of synchronization in non-contiguous OFDM (NC-OFDM) in the presence of other in-band systems is addressed by means of a comparison between time-and frequency-based signal processing approaches. The filterbank multicarrier scheme with its spectral-efficient offset-QAM (OQAM) OFDM implementation is thereby a good choice for an NC-OFDM system design due to its well-localized spectral signal shape. In this work, we present and discuss two NC-OFDM synchronization methods for OQAM-OFDM, employing the time domain and the already demodulated frequency domain signal for synchronization and evaluate them in terms of sustainable biterror rate over signal-to-interference ratio and variance of time and frequency offset estimation in different resource allocation scenarios. Additionally, their computational complexity is taken into account to estimate the costs of implementation on hardware. The results show that the task of synchronization can be achieved with comparable performance in both domains with an advantage of frequency domain processing over time domain processing in terms of efficiency in preamble design and complexity.
A comparative study of neuroendocrine heterogeneity in SCLC and NBL (2022)

Abstract Lineage plasticity has long been documented in both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and neuroblastoma (NBL), two clinically distinct neuroendocrine (NE) cancers. In this study, we quantified the NE features of cancer as NE scores and performed a systematic comparison of SCLC and NBL. We found NBL and SCLC cell lines have highly similar molecular profiles and shared therapeutic sensitivity. In addition, NE heterogeneity was observed at both the inter- and intra-cell line levels. Surprisingly, we did not find a significant association between NE scores and overall survival in SCLC or NBL. We described many shared and unique NE score-associated features between SCLC and NBL, including dysregulation of Myc oncogenes, alterations in protein expression, metabolism, drug resistance, and selective gene dependencies. Our work establishes a reference for molecular changes and vulnerabilities associated with NE to non-NE transdifferentiation through mutual validation of SCLC and NBL samples.
Ultrafast light field control of electric currents in metal-dielectric interfaces (2011)

The fast oscillating electric field of intense few-cycle near-infrared laser pulses with well-defined carrier-envelope phase is exploited to generate charge carriers and control their ultrafast motion within heterogeneous nanoscaled solid-state interfaces.
Growth of ZnSe/ZnS strained-layer superlattices on Si substrates (1988)

The high-quality ZnSe-ZnS strained-layer superlattices (SLSs), as well as the ZnS layers, were successfully grown for the first time on Si substrates. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ZnS layers grown on Si showed an intense excitonic-emission line. In transmission electron microscopy analyses, no misfit dislocations and no moiré fringes were observed on the ZnS layer with a thickness of less than about 500 Å. We have also characterized ZnSe-ZnS SLSs grown on Si substrates. By the PL measurements, an intense excitonic-emission line, and no emissions due to deep levels, were observed. As the ZnSe well-layer thickness decreased, the peak of the line largely shifted towards the higher-energy side. This behavior may be related to the quantum size effect. In the temperature dependence of PL intensity, there appeared the thermal quenching process, which may be related to the thermal release of excitons in quantum wells. As the thickness of the ZnSe well-layer decreased, the activation energy abruptly increased at a ZnSe thickness of less than the three-dimensional exciton Bohr radius in bulk ZnSe. It is proposed that the dependence of the activation energy is due to the two-dimensional exciton behavior in quantum wells.
Salvage Strategy for Failed Spinal Fusion Surgery Using Lumbar Lateral Interbody Fusion technique: A Technical Note (2018)

We introduced a salvage strategy for failed posterior spine fusion surgery cases using the OLIF procedure. Patients effectively achieved recovered intervertebral and foraminal height with no additional posterior direct decompression.
Hybrid chalcogenide nanoparticles: 2D-WS2 nanocrystals inside nested WS2 fullerenes (2013)

The MOCVD assisted formation of nested WS2 inorganic fullerenes (IF-WS2) was performed by enhancing surface diffusion with iodine, and fullerene growth was monitored by taking TEM snapshots of intermediate products. The internal structure of the core-shell nanoparticles was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after cross-cutting with a focused ion beam (FIB). Lamellar reaction intermediates were found occluded in the fullerene particles. In contrast to carbon fullerenes, layered metal chalcogenides prefer the formation of planar, plate-like structures where the dangling bonds at the edges are stabilized by excess S atoms. The effects of the reaction and annealing temperatures on the composition and morphology of the final product were investigated, and the strength of the WS2 shell was measured by intermittent contact-mode AFM. The encapsulated lamellar structures inside the hollow spheres may lead to enhanced tribological activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Deprotection of Tertiary Benzylamines and Reduction of Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds in the Presence of Benzyl and Benzyloxymethyl Ethers. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of GIS Tank Size on First-incoming PD-induced Electromagnetic Wave in Terms of Risk Assessment of GIS (2004)

The authors have investigated insulation diagnostic technique for gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) by detecting partial discharge (PD) signals, particularly PD current, PD-induced electromagnetic wave and AE signal. So far, we have experimentally shown that discharge type such as streamer and leader-type discharge can be discriminated by introducing an amplitude ratio of the positive peak value to the negative one of the first-incoming electromagnetic wave with UHF method in the 66kV model GIS. In this paper, we investigate the influence of GIS tank size on propagation properties of PD-induced electromagnetic wave by finite difference time domain (FD-TD) method to derive a criterion to discriminate discharge type. From the calculated results, we discuss the influences of GIS tank size and sensor position on discrimination of discharge type in terms of risk assessment of GIS with focusing on the influence of higher TE modes, especially TE11 mode, of propagating electromagnetic wave.
Immunogenicity of dendritic cells pulsed with CEA peptide or transfected with CEA mRNA for vaccination of colorectal cancer patients. (2010)

In our study, DC CEA mRNA transfection was not superior to DC CEA peptide pulsing in the induction of a tumor-specific immune response in colorectal cancer patients.
Effect of ZnC12on the radical polymerization of n‐butyl acrylate (1982)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Abstract This paper presents a study of the radical polymerization of n‐butyl acrylate in the presence of zinc chloride. “The effect of zinc chloride on the changes in polymerization rates and kinetic parameters has been investigated. It was found that the carbonyl group in n‐butyl acrylate can form a 1:1 complex with zinc chloride. The isolated complex is a colorless, viscous and hygroscopic liquid. The infrared spectrum of the complex showed that the carbonyl band shifted from 1,729 to 1,639 cm‐1. In the 1H‐NMR spectra the complex formation caused a down‐field shift of all proton signals in n‐butyl acrylate. Furthermore, in the 13C‐NMR spectra the carbon atom on the carbonyl group showed the biggest change in chemical shifts among all carbon atoms in the complex. Polymerization rate was found to be proportional to [initiator]0,5 and to [monomer]1 in the concentration range 0 to 0.5 M ZnCl2. The above reaction order is in good agreement with the general equation for radical polymerization. The polymerization rate of n‐butyl acrylate was enhanced about 1.8 times in the presence of 0.1 M zinc chloride due to an increase in radical reactivity. Based on the polymerization rate data at 40, 50 and 60°C, the activation energies of n‐butyl acrylate radical polymerization were calculated to be 19.6 and 23.0 Kcal/mol in the presence and absence of zinc chloride respectively. When the copolymerization of n‐butyl acrylate and vinylidene chloride was investigated, both the Q and e values of n‐butyl acrylate increased in the presence of zinc chloride. In order to clarify the cause of accelerated rates in the presence of zinc chloride, the initiation rate and kp 2 /kt values were determined using DPPH as an inhibitor. It was found that zinc chloride did not affect the initiation rate. To investigate the effect of ZnCl2 on the propagation rate constant (kp ) and termination rate constant (kt ), rotating sector was used to determine the life‐time of propagating radical and kp/kt ratio. The kp value of n‐butyl acrylate polymerization in the absence of ZnCl2 was determined to be about 680. This high kp value showed that the steric effect of the ester group in n‐butyl acrylate polymerization was very small. When zinc chloride was added to the reaction system, kp was increased to about 1,465. This supports the above conclusion that complex formation between the n‐butyl acrylate and zinc chloride was not influenced by the steric ester group. The large kp value in the presence of ZnCl2 can be ascribed to the relative lower activation energy during the polymerization and higher Q, e values of the monomer.
Analysis of Methylated Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Capillary GC: Influence of Temperature on the Pyrosynthesis of Anthracene, Phenanthrene, and Their Methylated Derivatives (1982)

The influence of temperature on the yields of anthracene, phenanthrene, and their methylated derivatives, formed during the pyrolysis of cellulose, was evaluated. Pyrolyses were performed between 500 and 1000°C in 100°C increments. Quantitative analyses were accomplished by GC, using a 50-m OV-101 glass capillary column and a 25-m Carbowax 20M fused silica column. The optimal temperatures for the formation of anthracene and phenanthrene were 900 and 1000°C, respectively. The temperature of pyrolysis had a major effect on the isomeric distribution of methylanthracenes and methylphenanthrenes. The significance of these data is discussed in view of the biological activity of specific isomers of these environmental pollutants.
Adsorption of Polyelectrolytes at Oppositely Charged Surfaces (2001)

We have developed a scaling theory of polyelectrolyte adsorption at an oppositely charged surface. At low surface charge densities, we predict two-dimensional adsorbed layers with thickness determined by the balance between electrostatic attraction to the charged surface and chain entropy. At high surface charge densities, we expect a 3-dimensional layer with a density profile determined by the balance between electrostatic attraction and short-range monomer−monomer repulsion. These different stabilizing mechanisms result in a nonmonotonic dependence of the layer thickness on the surface charge density. For adsorption of polyelectrolyte chains from salt solutions, the screening of the electrostatic repulsion between adsorbed polyelectrolyte chains results in large overcompensation of the surface charge for two-dimensional adsorbed layers. At higher salt concentrations this overcompensation of the surface charge by the 2-d adsorbed layer is independent of the original surface charge and depends only on the fraction of the charged monomers on the polyelectrolyte chains and increases with ionic strength. The polyelectrolyte surface excess in 3-d adsorbed layers increases at low ionic strength and decreases at higher ionic strength.
Channel estimation for MIMO-OFDM with training overhead trade-off (2005)

We propose a new technique for initial channel estimation in packet-mode MIMO-OFDM. A maximum likelihood estimator uses observations of the channel spectra obtained by means of a carefully designed multi-transmitter channel probing sequence. The sequence length is controlled by two competing parameters, which allow for an explicit and fine trade-off between the channel estimation overhead and the quality of the resulting estimates. Compared to the training sequence used in the IEEE 802.11a standard, our technique requires 6 to 8 times less training symbols in order to attain channel estimates of equal accuracy.
Wyner-Ziv coding of multispectral images for space and airborne platforms (2010)

This paper investigates the application of lossy distributed source coding to high resolution multispectral images. The choice of distributed source coding is motivated by the need for very low encoding complexity on space and airborne platforms. The data consists of red, blue, green and infra-red channels and is compressed in an asymmetric Wyner-Ziv setting. One image channel is compressed using traditional JPEG and transmitted to the ground station where it is available as side information for Wyner-Ziv coding of the other channels. Encoding is accomplished by quantizing the image data, applying a Low-Density Parity Check code to the remaining three image channels, and transmitting the resulting syndromes. At the ground station, the image data is recovered from the syndromes by exploiting the correlation in the frequency spectrum of the band being decoded and the JPEG-decoded side information band. In experiments with real uncompressed images obtained by a satellite, the rate-distortion performance is found to be vastly superior to JPEG compression of individual image channels and rivals that of JPEG2000 at much lower encoding complexity.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Syntheses of S‐Phenyl Tetrahydrofuran‐2‐thiocarboxylate and Tetrahydropyran‐2‐thiocarboxylate Derivatives Using (Phenylthio)nitromethane. (1990)

Abstract The aldehydes (I) are coupled with the nitromethane (II) and subsequently dehydrated to yield the nitromethylene derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: OLIGOMERIZATION AND TWO‐CENTER OXIDATIVE ADDITION REACTIONS OF A DIMERIC RHODIUM(I) COMPLEX (1977)

Abstract Der Komplex (I) wurde durch Zugabe von 1,3‐Diisocyanopropan zu dimerem Chloro‐cyclooctadien‐Rhodium in Chloroform als Chlorid dargestellt, in sein Tetraphenylborat umgewandelt und durch IR‐ und NMR‐Daten charakterisiert.
Central nervous system-targeted adeno-associated virus gene therapy in methylmalonic acidemia (2021)

Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a severe metabolic disorder most commonly caused by a mutation in the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (<i>MMUT</i>) gene. Patients with MMA experience multisystemic disease manifestations and remain at risk for neurological disease progression, even after liver transplantation. Therefore, delivery of MMUT to the central nervous system (CNS) may provide patients with neuroprotection and, perhaps, therapeutic benefits. To specifically target the brain, we developed a neurotropic PHP.eB vector that used a CaMKII neuro-specific promoter to restrict the expression of the <i>MMUT</i> transgene in the neuraxis and delivered the adeno-associated virus (AAV) to mice with MMA. The PHP.eB vector transduced cells in multiple brain regions, including the striatum, and enabled high levels of expression of MMUT in the basal ganglia. Following the CNS-specific correction of MMUT expression, disease-related metabolites methylmalonic acid and 2-methylcitrate were significantly (p < 0.02) decreased in serum of treated MMA mice. Our results show that targeting MMUT expression to the CNS using a neurotropic capsid can decrease the circulating metabolite load in MMA and further highlight the benefit of extrahepatic correction for disorders of organic acid metabolism.
Rapid Decrease in KRT14 and TP53 mRNA Expression in the Buccal Mucosa of Patients Receiving Total-Body Irradiation for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (2017)

The only curative treatment option for relapsed patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Depletion of hematopoietic stem cells and leukemic blast cells is achieved through the systemic administration of DNA damaging agents, including total-body irradiation (TBI) prior to transplantation. Since other tissues are radiosensitive, the identification of biomarkers could facilitate the management of additional toxicities. Buccal keratinocytes are readily accessible and could provide a source of cells for RNA analysis. In this study, we obtained miRNAs and mRNAs from daily buccal swabs collected from patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Unexpectedly, there was no prominent p53-induced mRNA or miRNA response in these samples, despite the fact that the p53 pathway is a well-characterized radiation-inducible response. Instead, the expression of mRNAs encoding p53 and cytokeratin 14 (TP53 and KRT14, respectively) decreased precipitously within hours of the first radiation treatment. These patients went on to develop oral mucositis, however, it is unclear whether TP53 and/or KRT14 expression are predictive of this adverse event. Larger scale analysis of buccal epithelial samples from patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation appears to be warranted.
Missing the mark? Prostate cancer upgrading by systematic biopsy over fusion biopsy. (2016)

62 Background: Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and fusion biopsy (FBx) detect more high risk prostate cancer (CaP) and less low risk CaP than standard systematic biopsy (SBx). However, there remains a small subset of patients where SBx captures higher grade disease than FBx. We aim to identify potential reasons for failure of FBx biopsy in detection of clinically significant (CS) CaP. Methods: A review was performed of a prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing mpMRI followed by FBx and SBx in the same session from 2007−2014. Patients upgraded to higher risk disease based on SBx results relative to FBx were identified. Independent re−review of MR imaging in this subset was conducted to identify potential proximity between MR targets and SBx region which revealed higher risk CaP. Univariate analysis was performed to determine association of patient, MRI, and pathologic characteristics with upgrading by SBx. Results: We identified 1003 total patients who underwent mpMRI and biopsy, of which 564 were found to have CaP (56.2%). Upgrading based on SBx occurred in 137/564 (24.3%) patients, of which only 55 (9.8%) were to intermediate (high volume 3+4) [N = 37, 6.5%] or high risk CaP ( ≥ 4+3) [N = 18, 3.2%]. 41 of 55 patients (75%) had a lesion identified by mpMRI with FBx in the same sextant in which SBx biopsy revealed intermediate or high risk CaP. On univariate analysis, higher prostate volume (48cc vs 42cc, p &lt; 0.001) and lower percent core involvement (20% vs. 58%, p &lt; 0.001) were associated with upgrading by SBx. Conclusions: MRI rarely misses CS CaP and FBx, if accurate, should reflect the true disease state. Most gleason upgrades by SBx were to low risk, low volume CaP. In patients upgraded by SBx to CS CaP, mpMRI identified a targetable lesion in proximity to the SBx sextant in a majority of patients. FBx failure may be related to suboptimal imaging or biopsy related inaccuracy including registration error, miscalculation of target location, or inadequate lesion sampling. Other possibilities include presence of tumor heterogeneity, multi−focality within the same sextant, or low volume disease. Future studies with biopsy mapping on MRI will provide insight into mechanisms of failure in patients with overlapping target and sextant sampling.