gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation and function of somatostatin receptors (2004)

This review summarizes the latest advances that have been made to elucidate the somatostatinergic system in respect to somatostatin receptor evolution, the development of receptor agonists/antagonists, receptor regulation, signal transduction, effects on cell proliferation, receptor-receptor or receptor-protein interactions and receptor function.
Structure of Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2) from Escherichia coli O157:H7. VOLUME 279 (2004) PAGES 27511-27517 (2006)

PAGE 27512: Under “Experimental Procedures,” subheading “Expression, Purification, and Crystallization of Stx2,” the name of the plasmid in the first sentence should be “pJES120.” The sentence, therefore, should read: “Stx2 was produced in E. coli DH5α using the pJES120 plasmid....”
FAST IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION METHODS FOR FULLY 3D MULTISPECTRAL OPTICAL BIOLUMINESCENCE TOMOGRAPHY (2007)

We investigate fast iterative image reconstruction methods for fully 3D multispectral optical bioluminescence tomography where inhomogeneous optical properties are modeled using the finite element method (FEM). We compare two approaches to incorporating the forward model into the solution of the inverse problem. In the direct calculation approach we compute the full forward model by repeated solution of the PEM problem, once for each potential source location. In the on-the-fly approach, we do not explicitly solve for the full forward model. Instead, the solution to the forward problem is included implicitly in the formulation of the inverse problem, and the FEM is solved once at each iteration for the current image estimate. In both approaches we use reordered Cholesky factorization and substitution (CFS) to solve the FEM problem. We compare the computation cost of these two approaches, concluding that the on-the-fly approach can lead to substantial reductions in cost when combined with a rapidly converging iterative algorithm
The Role of Design Thinking in the Development of Assistive Technologies, Case Study of Morphic Auto-personalization (2022)

Design thinking is a process based on a set of tools that encourage innovation and is advocated to be used to solve abstract and complex problems (Brown, 2019). It is a human-centered approach to innovation, the concept is based on understanding customer’s needs (IDEO, 2022). This interactive, creative, experimental, collaborative, and explorative can play very important role in designing assistive technologies. In this article, we present case study research where design thinking methodology is used to develop accessible technology- Morphic auto personalization. Morphic is a tool that helps to discover features in computers that make them easier to use, allows anyone to make frequently used features and functions easily available and allows accessibility settings to follow users to other computers (Morphic, 2022). Through this case study, we identify how the use of design thinking methodology supports the development IT accessible technology. This work implemented a protocol of guidelines developed by a group of experts in disability research, information technologies, design, and management. The team conducted 5 phases of design thinking: 1. Empathize—research users’ needs, 2. Define—state users' needs and the problems, 3. Ideate—challenge assumptions and create ideas, 4. Prototype—start to create solutions, 5. Test—try solutions (Kelley, Kelley, 2013).Design thinking approach helped to develop a holistic understanding of the problems that users deal with when they use computers. Thanks to this project research participants were provided a grounded basis on assistive technologies built into the computers. The research revealed knowledge gap that the development of assistive technology should enhance the voice of participants and consider their ideas, desires and needs. Design thinking approach can develop a holistic understanding of the problems that users deal with when they use computers. Thanks to this project research participants were provided a grounded basis on assistive technologies built into the computers.
In situ structures of periplasmic flagella in Borrelia reveals conformational changes essential for flagellar rotation (2019)

SUMMARY The bacterial flagellar motor is a molecular machine that rotates the flagellar filament at high speed. Torque is generated by the stator-rotor interaction coupled to an ion flux through the torque-generating stator. Here, we employed cryo-electron tomography to visualize the intact flagellar motor in the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi . By analysis of the motor structures of wild-type and stator mutants, we localize the torque-generating units precisely and determine three-dimensional structure of the stator and its interactions with the rotor. Our study shows that the cytoplasmic domains of the stator are packed regularly around the circumference of the flagellar C-ring. The stator-rotor interaction induces a profound conformational change in the C-ring. Analysis of the motors of a less motile motB- D24E mutant and a non-motile motB- D24N mutant, in which the proton translocation is reduced and blocked, respectively, provides evidence that the conformational change of the C-ring is essential for flagellar rotation.
Growth Behavior of Meta-Stable ${\rm NiSn}_{3}$ Intermetallic Compound and Its Potential Influence on the Reliability of Electronic Components (2011)

The morphology, texture evolution and growth behavior of the meta-stable NiSn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> intermetallic compound (IMC) in Sn electrodeposits over Ni were investigated. It was found that at lower storage temperatures (<; 100 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C), the plate-like NiSn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> is the dominant IMC phase in the Sn layers. Upon raising the temperature, a competition between the initiations of NiSn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> phases was observed as identified by energy dispersive X-ray. The crystal structure of NiSn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> was determined by the powder diffraction pattern. The investigations revealed that the growth rate of NiSn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> in terms of the penetration depth from the Sn/Ni interface to the Sn surface follows the square-root power law, implying a diffusion controlled phase growth. The diffusion coefficients of the NiSn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> phase growth were determined at different temperatures (25 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C, 50 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C, and 75 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C), which are significantly higher than that reported for Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> under the same temperatures. The activation energy for the growth of NiSn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> obtained is 39.90 kJ/mol. Hardness and Young's modulus of NiSn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> were determined by means of nanoindentation. This paper discusses the potential influences of the NiSn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> phase growth on the reliability of electronic components containing Ni-Sn diffusion couple.
Unplanned Hospital Readmission After Surgical Treatment of Common Lumbar Pathologies (2015)

4.
Structure Assignment, Total Synthesis, and Evaluation of the Phosphatase Modulating Activity of Glucolipsin A. (2004)

The previously unknown stereostructure of glucolipsin A (&lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;), a complex glycolipid endowed with\nglucokinase-activating properties, was unambiguously elucidated as (2&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;,2‘&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;,3&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;,3‘&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;) by comparison\nof its spectroscopic and analytical data with those of all conceivable &lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;-symmetric stereoisomers.\nThis set of macrodiolides was prepared by a sequence comprising auxiliary guided aldol reactions,\nglycosidation of the resulting β-hydroxy acid derivatives with trichloroacetimidate &lt;b&gt;7&lt;/b&gt;, followed by\nhydrolytic cleavage of the auxiliaries used. The hydroxy acids thus formed were subjected to a\nmacrodilactonization reaction mediated by 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (&lt;b&gt;22&lt;/b&gt;) as the\nactivating agent; this transformation is highly productive only in the presence of admixed potassium\ncations which likely serve as templates to preorganize two substrate molecules in a favorable head-to-tail arrangement. Glucolipsin and analogues were subjected to enzymatic assays that revealed\nthat glycoconjugates of this type effectively inhibit the activity of the dual specific phosphatase\nCdc25A with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values in the low micromolar range, while being hardly active against the tyrosine\nphosphatase PTP1B in vitro. This activity profile was compared to that of other glycolipids previously\nprepared in this laboratory, including cycloviracin B&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;), caloporoside (&lt;b&gt;38&lt;/b&gt;), woodrosin I (&lt;b&gt;39&lt;/b&gt;),\nsophorolipid lactone (&lt;b&gt;40&lt;/b&gt;), and tricolorin G (&lt;b&gt;41&lt;/b&gt;).
Structure-Process-Property Relationships in Hydroentangled Nonwovens -Part 1: Preliminary Experimental Observations (2004)

Hydroentanglement describes a versatile process for manufacturing nonwoven fabrics using fine, closely spaced, high-velocity jets of water to entangle loose arrays of fibers. The resultant fabrics rely primarily on fiber-to-fiber friction to achieve physical integrity and are characterized by relatively high strength, flexibility, and conformability. These technologies can use efficiently the majority of all types of fibers and produce fabrics that could achieve properties equivalent to wovens. To develop a method for predicting the mechanical performance of hydroentangled nonwovens, one must first gather critical information about the materials, the web and the process to establish a detailed knowledge base. The first step in this process is to establish the role that the hydroentangling process parameters play in controlling the performance of the product. One must establish how efficient entanglement is attained, how such entanglement is translated into tensile and other physical properties as well as understanding the role of the intrinsic fiber properties that interact with the process. This is the first in a series of papers planned for dealing with structure-process-property relationships in hydroentangled nonwovens.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Binding Properties of MK‐801 Isothiocyanates: (+)‐3‐ Isothiocyanato‐5‐methyl‐10,11‐dihydro‐5H‐dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten‐5,10 ‐ imine Hydrochloride: A New, Potent and Selective Electrophilic Affinity Ligand for the NMDA Receptor‐Coupled Phencyclidine Binding Site. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Coded modulation PDM-QPSK transmission over 6,370 km dispersion managed NZDSF spans with 1.5 to 4 dB margin (2014)

We transmit coded modulation PDM-QPSK over 6,370 km of dispersion managed NZDSF spans. Coded modulation enables absolute phase detection without pilot symbols and provides 1.5 to 4 dB Q-factor margin.
A comparative analysis of the cross‐reactivity in the polcalcin family including Syr v 3, a new member from lilac pollen (2006)

Syr v 3 is a polcalcin with structural and antigenic similarities to the members of this family. Diagnosis of polcalcin-sensitized patients could be performed whatever polcalcin used, whereas for immunotherapy, primary sensitization to a particular allergenic source should be considered.
Time-resolved study of vibrations ofa-Ge:H/a-Si:H multilayers (1988)

We describe experiments in which the vibrations of a-Ge:H/a-Si:H multilayer structures on silica substrates are studied in real time. The vibrations are generated when a picosecond light pulse is absorbed in the structure, thereby setting up an elastic stress. The resulting motion is studied through a measurement of the change in the optical reflectivity as a function of time. We analyze the results in terms of the spectrum of normal modes of the multilayers and show that there exist surface modes at the free surface of the multilayer.
Feasibility and safety of tethered capsule endomicroscopy in studying the natural history of Barrett’s esophagus: a multi-center study (2022)

Tethered capsule endomicroscopy (TCE) is a recently developed form of in vivo microscopy based on optical coherence tomography (OCT). With TCE, a small tethered pill is swallowed, procuring high resolution microscopic images of the esophageal wall. TCE does not require sedation and is thus a more rapid and convenient procedure comparing to traditional endoscopic examination. Our group and others have successfully conducted OCT-TCE in pilot, single-center studies that demonstrated the potential of this technology for upper GI tract diagnosis. Here, we demonstrate and evaluate the feasibility and safety of a next generation OCT-TCE system and device in patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and report the initial longitudinal analysis of the natural history of BE.
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Protection Against Podocyte-Induced Sclerosis Is Podocyte Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-Independent (2010)

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the renoprotective effect of an angiotensin receptor blocker depends on the angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor on podocytes. For this purpose, we generated podocyte-specific knockout mice for the AT(1) gene (Agtr1a) and crossed with NEP25, in which selective podocyte injury can be induced by immunotoxin, anti-Tac(Fv)-PE38. Four weeks after the addition of anti-Tac(Fv)-PE38, urinary albumin:creatinine ratio was not attenuated in Agtr1a knockout/NEP25 mice (n=18) compared with that in control NEP25 mice (n=13; 8.08+/-2.41 in knockout versus 4.84+/-0.73 in control). Both strains of mice showed similar degrees of sclerosis (0.66+/-0.17 versus 0.82+/-0.27 on a 0 to 4 scale) and downregulation of nephrin (5.78+/-0.45 versus 5.65+/-0.58 on a 0 to 8 scale). In contrast, AT(1) antagonist or an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor, but not hydralazine, remarkably attenuated proteinuria and sclerosis in NEP25 mice. Moreover, continuous angiotensin II infusion induced microalbuminuria similarly in both Agtr1a knockout and wild-type mice. Thus, angiotensin inhibition can protect podocytes and prevent the development of glomerulosclerosis independent of podocyte AT(1). Possible mechanisms include inhibitory effects on AT(1) of other cells or through mechanisms independent of AT(1). Our study further demonstrates that measures that directly affect only nonpodocyte cells can have beneficial effects even when sclerosis is triggered by podocyte-specific injury.
Reversal of IFN-γ, oxLDL and Prolactin Serum Levels Correlate with Clinical Improvement in Patients with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (2008)

Baseline NT-proBNP and the failure to decrease oxLDL, IFN-gamma and prolactin are associated with poor outcome in PPCM, suggesting a potential role of these factors in the pathophysiology of PPCM and for risk stratification of PPCM patients.
Abnormal T-Lymphocyte Subsets in Type I Diabetes (1989)

Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is a slow autoimmune disease associated with the selective destruction of beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans. Recent studies in humans indicate that autoantibodies to insulin and islets of Langerhans appear years before overt diabetes and identify a normoglycemic prediabetic state. To determine whether type I diabetes mellitus represents a generalized immunologic disorder, we studied the phenotypic characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocytes from all stages, i.e., prediabetic, new-onset diabetic, and long-term diabetic patients, with the anti-2H4 monoclonal antibody CD45R, which defines a human suppressor-inducer subset, and the anti-4B4 monoclonal antibody CDw29, which defines a human helper-inducer subset of peripheral blood lymphocytes. All 22 prediabetic patients had elevated T4+2H4+ (suppressor-inducer) cells and reciprocal depressed T4+4B4+ (helper-inducer) cells compared with healthy age-matched control subjects. In addition, the T4/T8 ratio in prediabetic patients was decreased compared with the age-matched control subjects. The abnormal T4+2H4+ and T4+4B4+ subsets were resolved in 20 new-onset and 15 long-term diabetic patients. Family studies showed that the changes in the 2H4 and 4B4 antigens were not part of an inherited polymorphic determinant, because these markers were normal in unaffected siblings and parents. Ten prediabetic patients were restudied greater than 1 yr after the original analysis and showed the persistence of the observed changes. This abnormal increase in suppressor-inducer cells and decrease in helper-inducer cells among islet and insulin antibody-positive prediabetic patients may be of help in understanding diabetes pathogenesis and may also be an early noninvasive screening tool for the detection of the prediabetic state.
Low-cost transcriptional diagnostic to accurately categorize lymphomas in low- and middle-income countries (2021)

Inadequate diagnostics compromise cancer care across lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We hypothesized that an inexpensive gene expression assay using paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens from LMICs could distinguish lymphoma subtypes without pathologist input. We reviewed all biopsy specimens obtained at the Instituto de Cancerología y Hospital Dr. Bernardo Del Valle in Guatemala City between 2006 and 2018 for suspicion of lymphoma. Diagnoses were established based on the World Health Organization classification and then binned into 9 categories: nonmalignant, aggressive B-cell, diffuse large B-cell, follicular, Hodgkin, mantle cell, marginal zone, natural killer/T-cell, or mature T-cell lymphoma. We established a chemical ligation probe-based assay (CLPA) that quantifies expression of 37 genes by capillary electrophoresis with reagent/consumable cost of approximately $10/sample. To assign bins based on gene expression, 13 models were evaluated as candidate base learners, and class probabilities from each model were then used as predictors in an extreme gradient boosting super learner. Cases with call probabilities < 60% were classified as indeterminate. Four (2%) of 194 biopsy specimens in storage <3 years experienced assay failure. Diagnostic samples were divided into 70% (n = 397) training and 30% (n = 163) validation cohorts. Overall accuracy for the validation cohort was 86% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 80%-91%). After excluding 28 (17%) indeterminate calls, accuracy increased to 94% (95% CI: 89%-97%). Concordance was 97% for a set of high-probability calls (n = 37) assayed by CLPA in both the United States and Guatemala. Accuracy for a cohort of relapsed/refractory biopsy specimens (n = 39) was 79% and 88%, respectively, after excluding indeterminate cases. Machine-learning analysis of gene expression accurately classifies paraffin-embedded lymphoma biopsy specimens and could transform diagnosis in LMICs.
Shifting patterns of genomic variation in the somatic evolution of papillary thyroid carcinoma (2016)

The current study demonstrates novel patterns of genomic change in PTC, supporting a theory of somatic evolution in which the zygote's germline genome undergoes continuous remodeling to produce progressively differentiated, tissue-specific signatures. Late somatic events in thyroid tissue demonstrate shifted mutational spectra compared to earlier polymorphisms. These late events are enriched for predicted-deleterious variants, suggesting a mechanism of genomic instability in PTC tumorigenesis.
Numerical Simulation of High-Power Operation of 2 &micro;m Co-doped Tm,Ho Solid-State Lasers (2010)

Complex thermo-optical model for simulation and optimization of 2 Î¼m co-doped Tm,Ho solid state lasers is developed based on (i) 8-levels rate dynamics model for the excitation transfer to Ho3+ ions from LD pumped Tm3+ ions and (ii) the oscillator energy equation with TEM00 distribution for stimulated photons inside the laser cavity. This optical model is rigourosly coupled with two-dimensional time dependent heat transfer model including absorption, heat release and heat transfer inside the operating crystal, as well as thermal effect of spontaneously emitted infrared radiation fluxes. In the case of water cooled laser operation these IR radiations fluxes are shown to be fully absorbed within the water boundary layer of several hundreds microns and to produce a significant inhibition of heat dissipation from the operating crystal. In particular, in case of water cooled operation only â‰ˆ40 % of the pumped energy is transformed into the heat directly inside the crystal, whereas â‰ˆ45 % is IR radiation spontaneously emitted by 3H4, 3H5, 3F4 and 5I7 levels and fully absorbed by water within the thermal boundary layer. This model is used in simulations for a wide range of parameters for 780 nm LD side-pumped co-doped Tm,Ho:YLF and YAG lasers. Two significant effects are found for the particular case of Q-switched high repetition (20-50 Hz) Tm,Ho:YLF laser operation with output pulse energy â‰ˆ0.1 J and â‰ˆ500 ns pulse duration. First, for obtaining a giant (G) pulse from a 2.06 Î¼m solid state Tm,Ho:YLF laser by the active Q-switching technique, the optimal Ho concentration will be higher than that used in normal operation. In simulations of 500 ns G-pulse generation maximal efficiency occurred at 6 % Tm and 1.0 % Ho, in contrast with 0.4% Ho found to be optimal for the normal pulse generation. Maximal energy output from Tm,Ho:YLF lasers can be achieved by incorporating a delay of about 0.7 ms between 0.5 ms 780 nm LD pulsed pumping and the start of Q-switched G-pulse operation. Secondly, simulation suggests that the â‰ˆ0. 7 ms delay after 0.5 ms LD pumping pulse should be used for retrieving the maximum of the pumped energy. Finally, heat transfer effects are analyzed in detail showing output pulse energy decrease for high repetition rates due to temperature influence on the upper and lower level population factors.