gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell morphologies, mechanical properties, and fiber orientation of glass fiber-reinforced polyamide composites: Influence of subcritical gas-laden pellet injection molding foaming technology (2022)

Advanced materials and new lightweighting technologies are essential for boosting the fuel economy of modern automobiles while maintaining performance and safety. A novel approach called subcritical gas-laden pellet injection molding foaming technology (SIFT) was performed to produce foamed polyamide/glass fiber (PA/GF) composite. Gas-laden pellets loaded with nitrogen (N2) were produced by introducing sub-critical N2 into PA/GF composite during compounding using a twin-screw extruder equipped with a simple gas injection unit. Compared to the commercial microcellular injection molding (MIM) technologies, gas-laden pellets enable the production of foamed parts with a standard injection molding machine, which is more cost-effective and easier to implement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt that the SIFT technology is being used for the PA/GF composites for making foamed parts. The tensile strength, fiber orientation, cell morphology, and densities of foamed PA/GF parts were investigated, and the shelf life of N2-laden PA/GF pellets was examined. Results showed that the N2-laden pellets still possessed good foaming ability after one week of storage under ambient atmospheric conditions. One week is a noticeable improvement compared to those N2-laden neat polymer pellets without glass fibers. With this approach, the weight reduction of foamed PA/GF parts was able to reach 12.0 wt. %. Additionally, a nondestructive analysis of the fiber orientation using micro-computed tomography suggested that the MIM and SIFT samples exhibited a less degree of fiber orientation along the flow direction when compared to the solid samples and that the tensile strength of both technologies was very close at a similar weight reduction. Cell size increased and cell density decreased as the shelf life increased. These findings showed that this processing method could act as an alternative to current commercial foam injection molding technology for producing lightweight parts with greater design freedom.
Statistical SPECT processing in MRI-negative epilepsy surgery (2014)

In an unselected group of patients with normal MRI and focal epilepsy, SPM-based methods of SPECT processing showed better localization of SPECT hyperperfusion to surgical resection site and higher interobserver agreement compared to SISCOM. These results show the benefit of statistical SPECT processing methods and further highlight the challenge of nETLE.
The effect of selective inhibition of HDAC6 with ACY1215 on bortezomib activity in multiple myeloma (MM). (2011)

e18569 Background: HDACs are being studied as novel therapeutic targets in MM. Here, we investigated the preclinical activity of an HDAC6 selective inhibitor ACY1215 in MM, alone and in combination with bortezomib (BZ). Methods: In vitro enzyme assays were used to evaluate the selectivity of ACY1215. The cytotoxicity of ACY1215 versus pan-HDAC inhibitor (e.g. SAHA) were compared in MM cell lines, MM patient cells, MM osteoblasts (OB) and osteoclasts (OC), as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to identify the mechanisms of cell death. The activity of ACY1215 and BZ was confirmed in vivo using two different murine xenograft models of human MM, plasmacytoma model and disseminated MM model. Results: ACY1215 showed more potent inhibitory activity against HDAC6 (EC50 0.0054 µM) than SAHA. Like SAHA, ACY1215 triggered potent MM cytotoxicity but showed less toxicity than SAHA against PBMCs and activated T-cells. Low doses of ACY1215 with BZ showed synergistic anti MM activity, resulting in apoptosis via caspase-8,-9,-3 and PARP activation. Moreover, ACY1215 increased BZ-induced ER stress in MM cells, evidenced by induction of UPR components including PERK, CHOP and p-IRE1α. ACY1215, alone and with BZ, enhanced OB differentiation (increased alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity) and increased mRNA expression of β-catenin, osteocalcin, and Runx2 (OB markers). Importantly, both treatments inhibited OC differentiation (reduced number of multinucleated cells staining for TRAP). In vivo studies confirmed decreased human MM cell growth and prolonged host survival after combination ACY1215 and BZ therapy versus controls (34 vs 22 days, n=7, p<0.0011, in plasmacytoma model and 40 vs 17 days, n=12, p<0.0001, in disseminated model), without significant adverse effects. PK/PD studies showed ACY1215 plasma levels (2133 ng/ml) at 1 hr following treatment. Immunohistochemistry on excised human MM demonstrated increased in acetylated-α tubulin, a biomarker of HDAC6 inhibition, stained cells 4 hrs after ACY1215 treatment. Conclusions: These results provide the rationale for clinical evaluation of ACY1215, alone and together with BZ, in the treatment of MM.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐Alkylation of Heterocyclic Nucleoside Bases (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Field Assisted Chemical Strengthening of Glass to Generate a Compositional Gradient (2014)

Chemical strengthening of glass by ion exchange has become very attractive for thin display glass because of superior scratch resistance and durability which is achieved by such surface treatment. The compositional profile is governed by diffusion of ions within a concentration gradient, imposed to the solid glass by immersion in a molten salt. The depth of ion exchange is governed by time and temperature of treatment and limited by the mechanical stress which builds up in the strengthened glass. In order to overcome such limitation an electrical field gradient can be applied along with the chemical gradient, e.g., by a DC electrical field using electrodes. In our work the transport of ions is investigated in a superimposed AC field, using microwave radiation. The electrical field distribution and the chemical as well as electrical gradients are simulated to compare the different driving forces and their superposition. The calculated compositional gradient is compared with experimental results for different new glass types, which were developed for optimized production of future optical precision pressed components.
Visible-light-induced tenfold reduction of the electric field required for ferroelectric domain nucleation in MgO-doped lithium niobate (2005)

An order of magnitude reduction in the electric field required for ferroelectric domain nucleation is observed in MgO-doped lithium niobate crystals using focused visible light from an Ar-ion laser
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Interactions as a Working Concept for Oral Mucosa Regeneration (2010)

Oral mucosa consists of two tissue layers, the superficial epithelium and the underlying lamina propria. Together, oral mucosa functions as a barrier against exogenous substances and pathogens. In development, interactions of stem/progenitor cells of the epithelium and mesenchyme are crucial to the morphogenesis of oral mucosa. Previous work in oral mucosa regeneration has yielded important clues for several meritorious proof-of-concept approaches. Tissue engineering offers a broad array of novel tools for oral mucosa regeneration with reduced donor site trauma and accelerated clinical translation. However, the developmental concept of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions (EMIs) is rarely considered in oral mucosa regeneration. EMIs in postnatal oral mucosa regeneration likely will not be a simple recapitulation of prenatal oral mucosa development. Biomaterial scaffolds play an indispensible role for oral mucosa regeneration and should provide a conducive environment for pivotal EMIs. Autocrine and paracrine factors, either exogenously delivered or innately produced, have rarely been and should be harnessed to promote oral mucosa regeneration. This review focuses on a working concept of epithelial and mesenchymal interactions in oral mucosa regeneration.
Effects of Nanoparticle Coverage on the Adhesion Properties of Emulsion Aggregation Toner Particles (2010)

Toner is a critical material in printing and copying processes. Compared to the conventional pulverized toner, polymerized emulsion aggregation (EA) toner provides more precise control over the shape and surface roughness of particles. Due to its roundness and low surface roughness, the near-spherical EA toner appears to adhere more strongly to flat substrates, which is desirable for efficient toner transfer and development. However, in the cleaning and transport processes, due to enhanced adhesion, it is difficult to remove the residual EA toner from surfaces of the photoreceptor and transport belt. To reduce the adhesion of the EA toner in a controllable manner, the surfaces of the toner particles are coated with silica nanoparticles with a diameter range of 15&#x2013;32 nm. In the current study, a technique based on the rolling resistance moment of the particle-substrate adhesion bond is utilized for quantifying the effect of nanoparticle surface coating on the adhesion of individual toner particles. With the aid of a custom-made nanomanipulation system, an increasing lateral pushing force was applied to an individual toner particle adhered to a silicon substrate while the pre-rolling and rolling motions of the particle in response to the lateral pushing force were recorded. The work of adhesion between the toner particle and silicon substrate was extracted from the corresponding lateral force-particle displacement curve. The technique was used to characterize the adhesion properties of both uncoated (bare) and nanoparticle-coated model toner particles with a specified surface area coverage of 50%. It is found that the work of adhesion values between the surface-coated experimental toner particles and the silicon substrate are almost an order of magnitude lower than those for the bare ones.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of the catalytic domain of pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase from the methanogenic archaeonMethanosarcina mazei (2006)

Pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) from Methanosarcina mazei was overexpressed in an N-terminally truncated form PylRS(c270) in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity and crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using polyethylene glycol as a precipitant. The native PylRS(c270) crystals in complex with an ATP analogue belonged to space group P6(4), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 104.88, c = 70.43 A, alpha = beta = 90, gamma = 120 degrees , and diffracted to 1.9 A resolution. The asymmetric unit contains one molecule of PylRS(c270). Selenomethionine-substituted protein crystals were prepared in order to solve the structure by the MAD phasing method.
Micro-Discharge Micro-Thruster (2005)

This paper summarizes the experiments and analysis of the micro-discharge micro- thruster developed jointly by Ewing Technology Associates and the University of Washington. The key experimental result has been the demonstration of a sustained discharge in a very simple micro-discharge type of structure (aperture ~ 300 micron) under demanding flow conditions. The micro-discharge provides for power addition to the neutral gas in discharges that transition from relatively high pressure (~ 10 - 30 Torr) to vacuum on the supersonic flow side of the limiting aperture nozzle separating the discharge region from the vacuum region. The fact that a fairly stable discharge is maintained on the downstream side suggests that the fairly hot plasma (~ 2 eV) deposits power into the neutral gas (Argon) in a manner that produces a neutral flow of similar energy, much like an arcjet but at very low power (1-5 W). A crude measurement of the power deposition into the gas via an energy balance approach was obtained from thermocouple measurements, which also imply that the gas temperature may be as high as 1-2 eV. Thrust measurements as well as characterization of discharge and plasma properties are an integral part of the current experimental work. Concurrently, a numerical a model is being developed to explain the gas and plasma dynamics involved in the device. A description of the device, the experimental setup as well as results from the experiments will be presented.
Synthesis of copolymers of ethylene and (meth) acrylates or styrene by an original dual radical/catalytic mechanism (2012)

International audience
Mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk shapes intestinal regionalisation via Wnt and Shh signalling (2022)

Organs are anatomically compartmentalised to cater for specialised functions. In the small intestine (SI), regionalisation enables sequential processing of food and nutrient absorption. While several studies indicate the critical importance of non-epithelial cells during development and homeostasis, the extent to which these cells contribute to regionalisation during morphogenesis remains unexplored. Here, we identify a mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk that shapes the developing SI during late morphogenesis. We find that subepithelial mesenchymal cells are characterised by gradients of factors supporting Wnt signalling and stimulate epithelial growth in vitro. Such a gradient impacts epithelial gene expression and regional villus formation along the anterior-posterior axis of the SI. Notably, we further provide evidence that Wnt signalling directly regulates epithelial expression of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), which, in turn, acts on mesenchymal cells to drive villi formation. Taken together our results uncover a mechanistic link between Wnt and Hedgehog signalling across different cellular compartments that is central for anterior-posterior regionalisation and correct formation of the SI.
ChemInform Abstract: Double Ring‐Opening Reactions of Bis‐cyclopropanes Promoted by Iron Salts. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cherenkov-excited luminescence scanned imaging (2015)

Ionizing radiation is commonly delivered by medical linear accelerators (LINAC) in the form of shaped beams, and it is able to induce Cherenkov emission in tissue. In fluorescence-based microscopy excitation from scanned spots, lines, or sheets can be used for fast high-resolution imaging. Here we introduce Cherenkov-excited luminescence scanned imaging (CELSI) as a new imaging methodology utilizing 2-dimensional (∼5-mm-thick) sheets of LINAC radiation to produce Cherenkov photons, which in turn excite luminescence of probes distributed in biological tissues. Imaging experiments were performed by scanning these excitation sheets in three orthogonal directions while recording Cherenkov-excited luminescence. Tissue phantom studies have shown that single luminescent inclusions ∼1 mm in diameter can be imaged within 20-mm-thick tissue-like media with minimal loss of spatial resolution. Using a phosphorescent probe for oxygen, PtG4 with the CELSI methodology, an image of partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂) was imaged in a rat lymph node, quantitatively restoring pO₂ values in differently oxygenated tissues.
A new approach to steroid total synthesis. A nonenzymic biogenetic-like olefinic cyclization involving the stereospecific formation of five asymmetric centers (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new approach to steroid total synthesis. A nonenzymic biogenetic-like olefinic cyclization involving the stereospecific formation of five asymmetric centersWilliam S. Johnson, Martin F. Semmelhack, M. U. S. Sultanbawa, and Lester A. DolakCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 11, 2994–2996Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01013a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01013a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1086Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of heteropolymeric hexosaminidase A in human X mouse hybrid cells. (1976)

Expression of heteropolymeric hexosaminidase A activity is reported in a human X mouse hybrid cell line that contains an X/15 translocation chromosome but lacks human chromosome 5 and has no detectable human hexosaminidase B activity. (Hexosaminidase is beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase; EC 3.2.1.30; 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucoside acetamidodeoxyglucohydrolase.) That the "hexosaminidase A" enzyme of these cells contains the human hexosaminidase-alpha subunit and not the human hexosaminidase-beta subunit is indicated by the cells' reactions to specific antisera prepared against the alpha subunit and against the beta subunit. Our results indicate that the "hexosaminidase A" activity in this hybrid cell line is the expression of a hybrid molecule composed of human hexosaminidase-alpha subunit and a mouse hexosaminidase subunit. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the human hexosaminidase A enzyme is formed from alpha and beta subunits coded for by genes on chromosomes 15 and 5, respectively.
Workshop WS1: UWB technology: components, systems and architectures (2004)

Summary form only given. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. The new allocation of extremely wide frequency ranges has greatly promoted the commercial applications of Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology in communications, radar, and localization. In an UWB system, the transmission of digital data at very high rates and with very low power over a very wide frequency band will raise many issues in component, system, and architecture levels. This workshop covers advanced theoretical fundamental research to practical applications. The distinguished speakers in the areas will discuss in-depth understanding of and firsthand experience in the implementation of components, systems and architectures for a variety of UWB applications. Almost all the important aspects of UWB R&D from baseband modulation scheme to antenna and interference issues will be involved.
<title>Capturing, processing, and rendering real-world scenes</title> (2000)

While photographs vividly capture a scene from a single viewpoint, it is our goal to capture a scene in such a way that a viewer can freely move to any viewpoint, just as he or she would in an actual scene. We have built a prototype system to quickly digitize a scene using a laser rangefinder and a high-resolution digital camera that accurately captures a panorama of high-resolution range and color information. With real-world scenes, we have provided data to fuel research in many area, including representation, registration, data fusion, polygonization, rendering, simplification, and reillumination. The real-world scene data can be used for many purposes, including immersive environments, immersive training, re-engineering and engineering verification, renovation, crime-scene and accident capture and reconstruction, archaeology and historic preservation, sports and entertainment, surveillance, remote tourism and remote sales. We will describe our acquisition system, the necessary processing to merge data from the multiple input devices and positions. We will also describe high quality rendering using the data we have collected. Issues about specific rendering accelerators and algorithms will also be presented. We will conclude by describing future uses and methods of collection for real- world scene data.
Crystal structures of a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel provide a mechanism for activation (2013)

Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels mediate fast chemical transmission of nerve signals. The structure of a bacterial proton-gated homolog has been established in its open and locally closed conformations at acidic pH. Here we report its crystal structure at neutral pH, thereby providing the X-ray structures of the two end-points of the gating mechanism in the same pentameric ligand-gated ion channel. The large structural variability in the neutral pH structure observed in the four copies of the pentamer present in the asymmetric unit has been used to analyze the intrinsic fluctuations in this state, which are found to prefigure the transition to the open state. In the extracellular domain (ECD), a marked quaternary change is observed, involving both a twist and a blooming motion, and the pore in the transmembrane domain (TMD) is closed by an upper bend of helix M2 (as in locally closed form) and a kink of helix M1, both helices no longer interacting across adjacent subunits. On the tertiary level, detachment of inner and outer β sheets in the ECD reshapes two essential cavities at the ECD-ECD and ECD-TMD interfaces. The first one is the ligand-binding cavity; the other is close to a known divalent cation binding site in other pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. In addition, a different crystal form reveals that the locally closed and open conformations coexist as discrete ones at acidic pH. These structural results, together with site-directed mutagenesis, physiological recordings, and coarse-grained modeling, have been integrated to propose a model of the gating transition pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐5,6‐OXIDO‐7,9‐TRANS,11,14‐CIS‐EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID, A POSSIBLE PRECURSOR OF SRSA (1980)

Abstract Die als Metabolit der Arachidonsäure im menschlichen Blut neben einer Lipoxygenase vorkommende Dihydroxysäure (V) wird aus einem labilen Precursor gebildet, dessen Struktur als die der Titelverbindung (IVb) durch deren Synthese aus dem Alkohol (Ia) über die Stufen (Ib)‐(IVa) und aufgrund des gleichartigen Methanolyseverhaltens der Verbindung (IVa) und des (V)‐Precursors wahrscheinlich gemacht wurde.