gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Bottleneck Structure of Congestion-Controlled Networks (2020)

In this paper,we introduce the Theory of Bottleneck Ordering, a mathematical framework that reveals the bottleneck structure of data networks. This theoretical framework provides insights into the inherent topological properties of a network in at least three areas: (1) It identifies the regions of influence of each bottleneck; (2) it reveals the order in which bottlenecks (and flows traversing them) converge to their steady state transmission rates in distributed congestion control algorithms; and (3) it provides key insights into the design of optimized traffic engineering policies. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed theory in TCP congestion-controlled networks for two broad classes of algorithms: Congestion-based algorithms (TCP BBR) and loss-based additive-increase/multiplicative-decrease algorithms (TCP Cubic and Reno). Among other results, our network experiments show that: (1) Qualitatively, both classes of congestion control algorithms behave as predicted by the bottleneck structure of the network; (2) flows compete for bandwidth only with other flows operating at the same bottleneck level; (3) BBR flows achieve higher performance and fairness than Cubic and Reno flows due to their ability to operate at the right bottleneck level; (4) the bottleneck structure of a network is continuously changing and its levels can be folded due to variations in the flows' round trip times; and (5) against conventional wisdom, low-hitter flows can have a large impact to the overall performance of a network.
The effect of the static magnetic susceptibility on the spin precession in MgO based magnetic tunnel junction (2011)

We studied the steady state precession of the spins in the magnetic tunnel junctions. In the field range below the spin-flop transition of synthetic antiferromagnetic pinned layer, the precession mode depends upon the current bias polarity. Above the spin-flop transition, however, the spin precession shows symmetric behavior on the current bias. The dominant mechanism of the spin precession changes from the spin transfer torque to thermal excitation at around the spin-flop transition. The enhancement of thermal fluctuation above the spin-flop transition is analyzed in relation to the static magnetic susceptibility.
Learning Robust Real-World Dexterous Grasping Policies via Implicit Shape Augmentation (2022)

Dexterous robotic hands have the capability to interact with a wide variety of household objects to perform tasks like grasping. However, learning robust real world grasping policies for arbitrary objects has proven challenging due to the difficulty of generating high quality training data. In this work, we propose a learning system (ISAGrasp) for leveraging a small number of human demonstrations to bootstrap the generation of a much larger dataset containing successful grasps on a variety of novel objects. Our key insight is to use a correspondence-aware implicit generative model to deform object meshes and demonstrated human grasps in order to generate a diverse dataset of novel objects and successful grasps for supervised learning, while maintaining semantic realism. We use this dataset to train a robust grasping policy in simulation which can be deployed in the real world. We demonstrate grasping performance with a four-fingered Allegro hand in both simulation and the real world, and show this method can handle entirely new semantic classes and achieve a 79% success rate on grasping unseen objects in the real world.
Phenolic Compounds Contribute to Dark Bran Pigmentation in Hard White Wheat (2008)

Unacceptably dark bran color has prevented the white-kernelled variety Argent from meeting grain color marketing standards for hard white wheats (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this research was to identify phenolic compounds that negatively affect bran color in white wheat using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) and vanillin-HCl and NaOH staining methods. In mature bran, FT-ICR-MS detected derivatives of the flavonol quercetin in varieties Argent and RL4137 (red-kernelled wheat) but not in W98616, a white wheat variety with acceptable grain color. Derivatives of the isoflavone formononetin were more abundant in W98616 relative to RL4137 and Argent. Vanillin-HCl staining indicated that RL4137 sequestered high levels of proanthocyanidin (PA) throughout its entire seed coat, whereas white wheats sequestered PAs as discrete speckles. Argent possessed abundant speckles over its entire seed coat, whereas speckles were almost undetectable in W98616. In mature kernels, flavonoids throughout the seed coat of RL4137 reacted with NaOH, but only the speckles appeared to react in white wheats. W98616 consistently had lighter grain than Argent before and after NaOH treatment. Free and bound phenolic differences in bran samples confirmed that the darker seed coat color of Argent, relative to W98616, was likely due to higher total phenolic acid content. Although isoflavones accumulated in Argent and RL4137, it appears that the majority of the flux through the flavonoid pathway ultimately accumulates quercetin derivatives and PAs. In W98616, PAs accumulate, but it appears that flavonoid biosynthesis ultimately accumulates isoflavones. Argent, compared to W98616, generally accumulated higher levels of total phenolics (flavonols, stilbenes, and PAs) within its darker pigmented bran.
FlexScore: Quantifying Flexibility (2021)

Domain-specific accelerators achieve high performance and efficiency at the cost of reduced adaptivity to functionality changes, i.e., flexibility. Balancing efficiency and flexibility is important for accelerator designing. There is not, however, a commonly accepted metric for flexibility. We propose <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FlexScore</i> as a flexibility metric based on the relationship between flexibility and goodness metrics, such as performance. FlexScore does not incorporate domain-specific or hardware-specific knowledge and, thus, is applicable to general accelerator design. We present FlexScores of three well-known DNN accelerators and observe that there is 45 percent FlexScore difference among them and show how architectural changes could improve FlexScore by up to 21 percent, demonstrating the usefulness of FlexScore in evaluating, comparing, and trading-off different architectures.
Emission Ratiometry for Simultaneous Calcium and Action Potential Measurements with Coloaded Dyes in Rabbit Hearts: Reduction of Motion and Drift (2003)

Simultaneous Ca and AP emission ratiometry reduces motion artifacts and drift in hearts with coloaded dyes.
Table S6 from The Landscape of Actionable Genomic Alterations in Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA from 21,807 Advanced Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Driver alteration prevalence in the cfDNA cohort versus in TCGA&lt;/p&gt;
Thermal Analysis of Reactions in Soda–Lime Silicate Glass Batches Containing Melting Accelerants: II, Multicomponent Systems (1993)

The glass melting reactions in a multicomponent system (sand–soda ash–calcite–dolomite–feldspar) were studied using data from DTA, TGA, and XRD interactively. The first‐formed liquid phase occurred at 700°C from eutectic melting among CaCO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , and MgO. Further liquid phase formed at the CaCO 3 –Na 2 CO 3 , eutectic at 785°C and a fusion reaction among SiO 2 , CaO, and the molten phase at 812°C. Reactions between molten soda ash and silica grains to form a sodium disilicate coating also occurred in this temperature range. The effects of reaction accelerant additions (Na 2 SO 4 , NaNO 3 , NaCI) on batch fusion were analyzed. Sodium chloride was found to be the most effective melting accelerant due to the formation of a NaCI–Na 2 CO 3 eutectic liquid phase at ∼636°C, which effectively attacked the silica relic. CO 2 gas release terminated ∼80°C earlier with 1 wt% NaCI additions to the base glass.
A lexical semantic hub for heteromodal naming in middle fusiform gyrus (2018)

Semantic memory underpins our understanding of objects, people, places, and ideas. Anomia, a disruption of semantic memory access, is the most common residual language disturbance and is seen in dementia and following injury to temporal cortex. While such anomia has been well characterized by lesion symptom mapping studies, its pathophysiology is not well understood. We hypothesize that inputs to the semantic memory system engage a specific heteromodal network hub that integrates lexical retrieval with the appropriate semantic content. Such a network hub has been proposed by others, but has thus far eluded precise spatiotemporal delineation. This limitation in our understanding of semantic memory has impeded progress in the treatment of anomia. We evaluated the cortical structure and dynamics of the lexical semantic network in driving speech production in a large cohort of patients with epilepsy using electrocorticography (n = 64), functional MRI (n = 36), and direct cortical stimulation (n = 30) during two generative language processes that rely on semantic knowledge: visual picture naming and auditory naming to definition. Each task also featured a non-semantic control condition: scrambled pictures and reversed speech, respectively. These large-scale data of the left, language-dominant hemisphere uniquely enable convergent, high-resolution analyses of neural mechanisms characterized by rapid, transient dynamics with strong interactions between distributed cortical substrates. We observed three stages of activity during both visual picture naming and auditory naming to definition that were serially organized: sensory processing, lexical semantic processing, and articulation. Critically, the second stage was absent in both the visual and auditory control conditions. Group activity maps from both electrocorticography and functional MRI identified heteromodal responses in middle fusiform gyrus, intraparietal sulcus, and inferior frontal gyrus; furthermore, the spectrotemporal profiles of these three regions revealed coincident activity preceding articulation. Only in the middle fusiform gyrus did direct cortical stimulation disrupt both naming tasks while still preserving the ability to repeat sentences. These convergent data strongly support a model in which a distinct neuroanatomical substrate in middle fusiform gyrus provides access to object semantic information. This under-appreciated locus of semantic processing is at risk in resections for temporal lobe epilepsy as well as in trauma and strokes that affect the inferior temporal cortex-it may explain the range of anomic states seen in these conditions. Further characterization of brain network behaviour engaging this region in both healthy and diseased states will expand our understanding of semantic memory and further development of therapies directed at anomia.
TPX superconducting PF magnets (2002)

The Westinghouse team has extended the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory advanced conceptual design for the TPX PF magnets through preliminary design. This is the first time superconducting PF magnets have been designed for application in a tokamak. Particular challenges were encountered and solved in developing the coil insulation system, welding the helium stubs, and winding the coil. We fabricated a coil using copper stranded CIC conductor, to surface manufacturability issues and demonstrate our solutions.
Mueller matrix scatter polarimetry of a diamond-turned mirror (1995)

A novel technique for measuring the polarization light scattering function of surfaces using a Mueller matrix imaging scatter polarimeter is presented. This technique measures the near-specular scatter of reflective surfaces as Mueller matrix images, enabling the diattenuation, retardance, and depolarization of the scattered light to be determined. An example of measurements of a diamond-turned aluminum mirror with an rms roughness of 11.4 nm is presented and interpreted. The most surprising result in our data was that this scattering process created partially elliptical polarized light from unpolarized incident light, where we had expected essentially partially linearly polarized light.
Machine learning based multi-physical-model blending for enhancing renewable energy forecast - improvement via situation dependent error correction (2015)

With increasing penetration of solar and wind energy to the total energy supply mix, the pressing need for accurate energy forecasting has become well-recognized. Here we report the development of a machine-learning based model blending approach for statistically combining multiple meteorological models for improving the accuracy of solar/wind power forecast. Importantly, we demonstrate that in addition to parameters to be predicted (such as solar irradiance and power), including additional atmospheric state parameters which collectively define weather situations as machine learning input provides further enhanced accuracy for the blended result. Functional analysis of variance shows that the error of individual model has substantial dependence on the weather situation. The machine-learning approach effectively reduces such situation dependent error thus produces more accurate results compared to conventional multi-model ensemble approaches based on simplistic equally or unequally weighted model averaging. Validation over an extended period of time results show over 30% improvement in solar irradiance/power forecast accuracy compared to forecasts based on the best individual model.
Photocatalytic hydrogen generation on low-bandgap black zirconia (ZrO2) produced by high-pressure torsion (2020)

Photocatalytic hydrogen generation on low-bandgap black ZrO<sub>2</sub> produced by high-pressure torsion.
IL-33/regulatory T cell axis triggers the development of a tumor-promoting immune environment in chronic inflammation (2019)

Chronic inflammation's tumor-promoting potential is well-recognized; however, the mechanism underlying the development of this immune environment is unknown. Studying the transition from acute, tumor-suppressive to chronic, tumor-promoting allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) revealed how tumor-promoting chronic inflammation develops. Epidermis-derived interleukin (IL)-33 up-regulation and its induction of regulatory T cell (Treg) accumulation in the skin preceded the transition from acute to chronic ACD and triggered the tumor-promoting immune environment in chronic ACD. Mice lacking IL-33 were protected from chronic ACD and its skin cancer sequela compared with wild-type controls (<i>P</i> = 0.0002). IL-33's direct signaling onto Tregs was required for the development of the tumor-promoting immune environment in the skin. IL-33-Treg signaling was also required for chronic colitis and its associated colorectal cancer development in a colitis model (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). Significantly increased IL-33 and Tregs marked the perilesional skin and colon in patients with cancer-prone chronic inflammatory diseases. Our findings elucidate the role of the IL-33/Treg axis in creating a tumor-promoting immune environment in chronic inflammatory diseases and suggest therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment in high-risk patients.
Lewis acid catalyzed acyl migration with optically active (Z)- and (E)-1,3-diphenyl-2-buten-1-one oxide. Evidence of a concerted pathway (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLewis acid catalyzed acyl migration with optically active (Z)- and (E)-1,3-diphenyl-2-buten-1-one oxide. Evidence of a concerted pathwayJohn M. Domagala and Robert D. BachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5, 1605–1607Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00473a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00473a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views260Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Absence of clinical disease and contact transmission of HPAI H5NX clade 2.3.4.4 from North America in experimentally infected pigs (2017)

H5NX clade 2.3.4.4 strains can replicate in the lower respiratory tract of swine upon high titer inoculation, though appear to be incapable of replication in swine nasal epithelium in vivo or ex vivo in trachea explants in culture. Infected pigs did not produce high levels of serum antibodies following infection. Collectively, our data show HPAI H5NX clade 2.3.4.4 viruses to be poorly adapted for replication and transmission in swine.
Illegitimate recombination generates a class switch from C mu to C delta in an IgD-secreting plasmacytoma. (1984)

We present here the sequence characterization of a C mu----C delta immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain class switch. In the murine IgD-secreting plasmacytoma TEPC 1017, deletion of most of the mu switch recombination region (S mu) and the entire C mu gene occurred in the absence of switch region sequences 5' to C delta. This unique rearrangement resulted from an illegitimate recombination of sequences with only patchy homology to each other. The infrequent and variable nature of illegitimate recombination may explain the low frequency of IgD-secreting plasma cells in normal mouse tissues.
Equalized GMSK, equalized QPSK and OFDM, a comparative study for high-speed wireless indoor data communications (2003)

The proper choice of modulation and detection schemes to enable high-speed wireless indoor data communications has been the subject of extensive study. Of particular interest to ASIC designers is the complexity, cost and power dissipation of the analog and digital processing elements associated with such systems. This paper presents a side-by-side comparison of the three most popular system architectures for high-speed wireless data communications, namely equalized QPSK, equalized GMSK and OFDM. Their performance and minimum configuration at data rates up to 30 Mbps is measured and analyzed under a set of simulated indoor wireless channels with ensemble-average RMS delay spread /spl tau//sub RMS/ of 35 ns. The achievable channel capacity is proposed as a metric as well as outage and spectral efficiency. Finally, a single figure of merit is used to compare the three systems.
Nonclinical Toxicology and Toxicokinetic Profile of an Oral Lanthionine Synthetase C-Like 2 (LANCL2) Agonist, BT-11 (2019)

BT-11 is an orally active, gut-restricted investigational therapeutic targeting the lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 pathway with lead indications in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD), 2 manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In 5 mouse models of IBD, BT-11 is effective at oral doses of 8 mg/kg. BT-11 was also efficacious at nanomolar concentrations in primary human samples from patients with UC and CD. BT-11 was tested under Good Laboratory Practice conditions in 90-day repeat-dose general toxicity studies in rats and dogs, toxicokinetics, respiratory, cardiovascular and central nervous system safety pharmacology, and genotoxicity studies. Oral BT-11 did not cause any clinical signs of toxicity, biochemical or hematological changes, or macroscopic or microscopic changes to organs in 90-day repeat-dose toxicity studies in rats and dogs at doses up to 1,000 mg/kg/d. Oral BT-11 resulted in low systemic exposure in both rats (area under the curve exposure from t = 0 to t = 8 hours [AUC<sub>0-8</sub>] of 216 h × ng/mL) and dogs (650 h × ng/mL) and rapid clearance with an average half-life of 3 hours. BT-11 did not induce changes in respiratory function, electrocardiogram parameters, or behavior with single oral doses of 1,000 mg/kg/d. There was no evidence of mutagenic or genotoxic potential for BT-11 up to tested limit doses using an Ames test, chromosomal aberration assay in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, or micronucleus assay in rats. Therefore, nonclinical studies show BT-11 to be a safe and well-tolerated oral therapeutic with potential as a potent immunometabolic therapy for UC and CD with no-observed adverse effect level >1,000 mg/kg in in vivo studies.
Low pH Accelerates Dissociation of Receptor-Bound Insulin* (1983)

We have examined the effect of pH of the kinetics of [125I]insulin binding in isolated rat adipocytes and found that a lowering of extracellular pH from 7.8 to 7.0 reduced tracer insulin binding (0.2 ng/ml) from 3.3% to 1.0% due to a decrease in receptor affinity. Further studies, performed at 16 C to eliminate the confounding affects of insulin internalization on binding kinetics, revealed that the t1/2 of insulin dissociation was shortened from 44 min at pH 7.8 to 8 min at pH 7.0, while the association rate constant was slightly increased from 1.61 X 10(9) to 2.09 X 10(9) M-1 min-1 at pH 7.8 and 7.0, respectively. Thus, the overall decrease in binding affinity at low pH is due predominantly to an accelerated rate of insulin dissociation. Kinetic studies performed at 37 C also revealed an effect of pH to accelerate insulin dissociation; however, the magnitude of the effect was greatly reduced. This was explained by the observation that when [125I]insulin was prebound to adipocytes at 37 C approximately half of the cell-associated radioactivity resided within the cell at the start of the dissociation experiment. An additional amount of insulin was internalized during the dissociation time course due to endocytotic uptake of cell surface ligand. Consequently, only a small portion of cell-associated [125I]insulin was on the cell surface and susceptible to extracellular pH changes. To assess the effect of low pH (7.0) on receptor-mediated insulin degradation, we prebound [125I]insulin to adipocytes at 16 C, then warmed the cells (37 C) to initiate insulin endocytosis and ligand degradation. Under these conditions, insulin degradation was markedly reduced at the lower pH. These results indicate that 1) low pH reduced insulin binding affinity by accelerating the rate of insulin dissociation, and 2) this is accompanied by a reduction in the rate of receptor-mediated insulin degradation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Titaniumsilicoaluminate Isomorphous to Zeolite Beta and Its Application as a Catalyst for the Selective Oxidation of Large Organic Molecules. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.