gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Approach to the Surgical Correction of Combined Hallux Valgus and Metatarsus Adductus Deformities (2021)

The presence of metatarsus adductus (MTA) adds complexity to the diagnosis and treatment of hallux valgus (HV). Identification and careful analysis of these combined deformities is of paramount importance. The inability to completely correct HV and an increased incidence of recurrence has been established when MTA deformity is present. We present an option for correction of the combined deformities with multiplanar angular correction arthrodesis of the first, second, and third tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints.
Normal stroma suppresses cancer cell proliferation via mechanosensitive regulation of JMJD1a-mediated transcription (2016)

Tissue homeostasis is dependent on the controlled localization of specific cell types and the correct composition of the extracellular stroma. While the role of the cancer stroma in tumour progression has been well characterized, the specific contribution of the matrix itself is unknown. Furthermore, the mechanisms enabling normal-not cancer-stroma to provide tumour-suppressive signals and act as an antitumorigenic barrier are poorly understood. Here we show that extracellular matrix (ECM) generated by normal fibroblasts (NFs) is softer than the CAF matrix, and its physical and structural features regulate cancer cell proliferation. We find that normal ECM triggers downregulation and nuclear exit of the histone demethylase JMJD1a resulting in the epigenetic growth restriction of carcinoma cells. Interestingly, JMJD1a positively regulates transcription of many target genes, including YAP/TAZ (WWTR1), and therefore gene expression in a stiffness-dependent manner. Thus, normal stromal restricts cancer cell proliferation through JMJD1a-dependent modulation of gene expression.
3GPP Release-16 Preconfigured Uplink Resources for LTE-M and NB-IoT (2020)

Since Release 13, the Long Term Evolution (LTE) of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), and LTE for machine-type communications (LTE-M) provide wide-area connectivity for IoT. In subsequent releases, their basic functionalities evolved to support higher data rates, enhanced mobility, and power saving features. In Release 16, Preconfigured Uplink Resources (PUR) introduce the possibility to assign radio resources to a user equipment (UE) in advance for transmission of uplink data without the need of connection setup. In this article we show that the UE power saving gain from PUR compared to existing features is largest if data transmissions are relatively frequent and payloads are small enough to be transmitted in a single shot. For example, with periodicity of 30 s, 50 bytes payload, and 43 min extended discontinuous reception (eDRX) cycle, the gain for PUR compared to early data transmission (EDT) ranges from 50 percent in good coverage to 7 percent in deep coverage.
Measurements of IndirectCPAsymmetries inD0→K−K+andD0→π−π+Decays (2014)

A study of indirect CP violation in D0 mesons through the determination of the parameter AΓ is presented using a data sample of pp collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb(-1), collected with the LHCb detector and recorded at the center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC. The parameter AΓ is the asymmetry of the effective lifetimes measured in decays of D0 and D0 mesons to the CP eigenstates K- K+ and π- π+. Fits to the data sample yield AΓ(KK)=(-0.35±0.62±0.12)×10(-3) and AΓ(ππ)=(0.33±1.06±0.14)×10(-3), where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results represent the world's best measurements of these quantities. They show no difference in AΓ between the two final states and no indication of CP violation.
Frontispiece: Mass Determination of Entire Amyloid Fibrils by Using Mass Spectrometry (2016)

Proteins In their Communication on page 2340 ff., V. Forge, R. Antoine, and co-workers report on the use of charge-detection mass spectrometry for the characterization of amyloid fibrils. This method can be used to monitor protein aggregation in real time.
Promoting Transport Kinetics in Li-Ion Battery with Aligned Porous Electrode Architectures (2019)

Developing scalable energy storage systems with high energy and power densities is essential to meeting the ever-growing portable electronics and electric vehicle markets, which calls for development of thick electrode designs to improve the active material loading and greatly enhance the overall energy density. However, rate capabilities in lithium-ion batteries usually fall off rapidly with increasing electrode thickness due to hindered ionic transport kinetics, which is especially the issue for conversion-based electroactive materials. To alleviate the transport constrains, rational design of three-dimensional porous electrodes with aligned channels is critically needed. Herein, magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) with high theoretical capacity is employed as a model material, and with the assistance of micrometer-sized graphine oxide (GO) sheets, aligned Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/GO (AGF) electrodes with well-defined ionic transport channels are formed through a facile ice-templating method. The as-fabricated AGF electrodes exhibit excellent rate capacity compared with conventional slurry-casted electrodes with an areal capacity of ∼3.6 mAh·cm<sup>-2</sup> under 10 mA·cm<sup>-2</sup>. Furthermore, clear evidence provided by galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles, cyclic voltammetry, and symmetric cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms the facile ionic transport kinetics in this proposed design.
Bulk-etched surface micromachined and flip-chip integrated micromirror array for infrared applications (2002)

The 2-dimensional phase-only micromirror array is a promising microsystem that leads to many applications such as optical beam steering, optical data interconnects, real-time image recognition, optical spectroscopy, and aberration correction. Large deflection of micromirror is required to be able to modulate light in infrared wavelength. In previous works on piston micromirrors, surface micromachining was used to fabricate parallel plate structures with a narrow gap between the mirror and underlying address electrode, that is not adequate to modulate light in longer wavelength than in visible spectrum. In this paper, a novel technique that combines the surface and bulk micromachining was used to implement the infrared micromirror array through a bulk-etched MUMPS surface micromachining.
River Flows and Water Wars: Emerging Science for Environmental Decision Making (2003)

Real and apparent conflicts between ecosystem and human needs for fresh water are contributing to the emergence of an alternative model for conducting river science around the world. The core of this new paradigm emphasizes the need to forge new partnerships between scientists and other stakeholders where shared ecological goals and river visions are developed, and the need for new experimental approaches to advance scientific understanding at the scales relevant to whole-river management. We identify four key elements required to make this model succeed: existing and planned water projects represent opportunities to conduct ecosystem-scale experiments through controlled river flow manipulations; more cooperative interactions among scientists, managers, and other stakeholders are critical; experimental results must be synthesized across studies to allow broader generalization; and new, innovative funding partnerships are needed to engage scientists and to broadly involve the government, the private sector, and NGOs.
Impedance-Sensing Circuit Techniques for Integration of a Fraud Detection Function Into a Capacitive Fingerprint Sensor (2011)

This paper describes techniques for an impedance-sensing circuit integrated into a capacitive fingerprint sensor to prevent spoofing with a fake finger. We have reported a sensor chip with an embedded impedance-sensing function. We proposed an impedance-sensing circuit that features current-to-voltage con- version using a unity gain buffer. Here, the design of the sensing circuit is discussed. The detectable impedance range and the sensitivity are analyzed within the impedance range for various human fingers. A test chip with the proposed circuit was fabricated using 0.5-μm CMOS/sensor processes. The results confirm that the difference in impedance between a real finger and a fake finger is detected without any degradation of the original characteristics of the fingerprint sensor chip.
NIH Neural Interfaces Workshop (2006)

Arresting disabling tremor, allowing paralyzed individuals to reach and grasp, and enabling the deaf to hear are only a few examples of how neural prostheses are improving the lives of individuals ...
Bayesian discriminative adaptation for speech recognition (2009)

Linear transform-based speaker adaptation is a standard part of many speech recognition systems. For unsupervised adaptation maximum likelihood estimation is typically used, as discriminative transforms are more heavily biased towards the supervision hypothesis which may contain errors. In this work, a Bayesian framework for discriminative adaptation is investigated. This reduces the hypothesis bias and allows robust estimates even with a limited amount of data. Various forms of discriminative maximum-a-posteriori estimation, and associated issues, are detailed. To address these problems, the use of discriminative mapping transforms is also described. The proposed framework is evaluated on an English conversational speech task.
p130 Rb2 and p27 kip1 cooperate to control mobilization of angiogenic progenitors from the bone marrow (2005)

Neoangiogenesis involves both bone marrow-derived myelomonocytic and endothelial progenitor cells as well as endothelial cells coopted from surrounding vessels. Cytokines induce these cells to proliferate, migrate, and exit the cell cycle to establish the vasculature; however, which cell cycle regulators play a role in these processes is largely unknown. Here, we report that mice lacking the cell cycle inhibitors p130 and p27 show defects in tumor neoangiogenesis, both in xenografts and spontaneously arising tumors. This defect is associated with impaired mobilization of endothelial and myelomonocytic angiogenic progenitors from the bone marrow. This article documents the role of these molecules in angiogenesis and further suggests that cell expansion and mobilization from the bone marrow of angiogenic precursors are separable events.
Emerging Family of Proline-Specific Peptidases of Porphyromonas gingivalis : Purification and Characterization of Serine Dipeptidyl Peptidase, a Structural and Functional Homologue of Mammalian Prolyl Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (2000)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is an asaccharolytic and anaerobic bacterium that possesses a complex proteolytic system which is essential for its growth and evasion of host defense mechanisms. In this report, we show the purification and characterization of prolyl dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) produced by this organism. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity, and its enzymatic activity and biochemical properties were investigated. P. gingivalis DPPIV, like its human counterpart, is able to cleave the N terminus of synthetic oligopeptides with sequences analogous to those of interleukins 1beta and 2. Additionally, this protease hydrolyzes biologically active peptides including substance P, fibrin inhibitory peptide, and beta-casomorphin. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA isolated from several P. gingivalis strains reveal that a single copy of the DPPIV gene was present in all strains tested.
Optical Hexadecimal Coding/Decoding Using 16-QAM Signal and FWM in HNLFs (2012)

We propose a simple approach to manipulating the constellation of a multilevel modulation signal in the optical domain. By exploiting degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) in highly nonlinear fibers and adopting 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signal, we demonstrate 10-Gbaud/s optical variable symbol-wise hexadecimal coding/decoding assisted by a continuous-wave (CW) pump or a phase-modulated pump. The former takes the coding through the phase conjugation of degenerate FWM, and the latter offers enhanced coding via the combined contributions from the phase modulation of the pump and the phase-conjugated FWM. The penalty of optical signal-to-noise ratio for coding/decoding is measured to be <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${&lt; }1.1$</tex> </formula> dB with a CW pump and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${&lt; }1.2$</tex></formula> dB with a <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$(0, \pi/4)$</tex></formula> phase-modulated pump at a bit-error rate of 2e-3 (enhanced forward error correction threshold). The dependence of coding/decoding performance on the phase modulation depth of the pump and the signal/pump misalignment is also investigated. Moreover, considering that a hexadecimal number denotes four binary numbers, we develop the symbol-wise hexadecimal coding/decoding to general binary coding/decoding, i.e., 10-Gbaud/s symbol-wise hexadecimal coding/decoding is accompanied by 40-Gbit/s binary coding/ decoding.
Evaluation of in ovo Bacillus spp. based probiotic administration on horizontal transmission of virulent Escherichia coli in neonatal broiler chickens (2019)

This study evaluated the effect of in ovo Bacillus spp. base probiotic (BBP) administration on hatchability, Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) recovery, performance, and microbiota composition in 2 independent trials using a virulent E. coli seeder challenge model. In each trial, one hundred and eighty 18-day-old embryos were allocated into 1 of 2 groups: Control and treated group (inoculated with 107 BBP). On day 19 of embryogenesis, seeder embryos (n = 18) were inoculated with 4.5 × 104E. coli/mL+272 μg/mL tetracycline and segregated into mesh hatching bags. Twelve chicks per group were euthanized at hatch and at day 7 to evaluate the gastrointestinal composition of total GNB or total aerobic pasteurized bacteria. Also, in trial 2, ceca content from five chickens at day 7 were collected to evaluate microbiota composition. Embryos inoculated with BBP showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the total number of GNB at day-of-hatch (DOH) and day 7. Probiotic treatment increased BW at DOH and day 7, and BW gain (days 0 to 7) when compared with Control chickens. Proteobacteria phylum was significantly reduced, while the Firmicutes was significantly increased by the BBP as compared to the Control (P < 0.05). At family level, Enterobacteriaceae was significantly decreased, while the Lachnospiraceae was significantly elevated in the BBP as compared to the Control group (P < 0.05). The genus Oscillospira was significantly enriched in the BBP group, whereas the unidentified genus of family Enterobacteriaceae in the Control group (P < 0.05). The BBP group increased the bacterial species richness, although there was no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). Interestingly, beta diversity showed a significant difference in bacterial community structure between Control and BBP groups (P < 0.05). The results of the present study suggest that in ovo administration of a BBP can reduce the severity of virulent E. coli horizontal transmission and infection of broiler chickens during hatch. The reduction in the severity of the transmission and infection by the BPP might be achieved through alterations of microbiota composition and its community structure.
Analysis of Interaction of Gamma Rays in Crystals with 256ch Parallel Readout FP-PMT (2005)

Many incident gamma rays into crystal arrays used in PET systems are absorbed after the Compton scattering. Scattering events deteriorate detector resolutions because with common PET detectors interaction positions are calculated by Anger method and calculated positions are located at middle of an actual interaction position. If analysis of the scattering events is possible, the position resolution could be improved. A 256 channel position sensitive flat panel photo multiplier tube (256ch FP-PMT) developed by Hamamtsu Photonics is suitable for this purpose. We construct new detector which consists of a GSO crystal block and the 256ch parallel readout FP-PMT to observe aspects of gamma rays interaction in crystals event by event. The system can estimate interaction positions and deposited energies by EM algorism from anode outputs recorded individually. We performed the experiment with this detector and compared the presented method with conventional methods. In the experiment, the detector can visualize spread of scintillation light and observe the aspect of scattering events.
Planning and Controlling Minimal Invasive Operations by Real-Time Direct Volume Rendering (1996)

Minimal invasive surgery can be greatly supported by computer-assisted visualization techniques that provide the surgeon with information which is not obtainable by other means. Real-time direct volume rendering provides interactive high-quality visualization. In contrast to common surface rendering techniques, no information is lost by segmentation, and visualization of small details down to voxel size, as well as the semi-transparent display of arbitrary structures and an interactive modification of all visualization parameters is possible. VIRIM (Visualization In Real tIMe) is the first system that provides these features. It allows the surgeon to interactively explore different approaches to the operation sites for operation planning. During an operation, VIRIM is used to give the surgeon additional real-time information about the endoscope's position in a 3D image and it allows the visualization of objects that are hidden from the endoscope camera. The VIRIM system has be! en fully operational since June 1995 and is being evaluated in the clinic from April 1996 onwards.
Crosstalk with Jasmonic Acid Integrates Multiple Responses in Plant Development (2020)

To date, extensive studies have identified many classes of hormones in plants and revealed the specific, nonredundant signaling pathways for each hormone. However, plant hormone functions largely overlap in many aspects of plant development and environmental responses, suggesting that studying the crosstalk among plant hormones is key to understanding hormonal responses in plants. The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) is deeply involved in the regulation of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, a growing number of studies suggest that JA plays an essential role in the modulation of plant growth and development under stress conditions, and crosstalk between JA and other phytohormones involved in growth and development, such as gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin, and auxin modulate various developmental processes. This review summarizes recent findings of JA crosstalk in the modulation of plant growth and development, focusing on JA-GA, JA-cytokinin, and JA-auxin crosstalk. The molecular mechanisms underlying this crosstalk are also discussed.
PROGRESS IN BREAST CADx (2007)

The accuracy of a medical imaging examination depends on both the quality of the image acquisition and the quality of the image interpretation. For more than half a century, computer technology greatly improved image acquisition systems, e.g., with the development of various advanced tomographic imaging modalities. Computer technology is also contributing to the quality of the image interpretation process by incorporation of CAD, i.e., computer-aided detection (CADe) and computer-aided diagnosis (CADx). CADe involves the use of computer analyses to indicate locations of suspect regions in a medical image. The characterization, diagnosis, and patient management are left to the radiologist. CADx involves the use of computer analyses to characterize a region or lesion, initially located by either a human or computer, leaving the final diagnosis and patient management to the radiologist. We present here our progress in CADx for breast cancer using mammography, sonography, and breast MRI
Distributed Space–Time Cooperative Schemes for Underwater Acoustic Communications (2008)

In resource limited, large scale underwater sensor networks, cooperative communication over multiple hops offers opportunities to save power. Intermediate nodes between source and destination act as cooperative relays. Herein, protocols coupled with space-time block code (STBC) strategies are proposed and analyzed for distributed cooperative communication. Amplify-and-forward-type protocols are considered, in which intermediate relays do not attempt to decode the information. The Alamouti-based cooperative scheme proposed by Hua (2003) for flat-fading channels is generalized to work in the presence of multipath, thus addressing a main characteristic of underwater acoustic channels. A time-reversal distributed space-time block code (TR-DSTBC) is proposed, which extends the dual-antenna TR-STBC (time-reversal space-time block code) approach from Lindskog and Paulraj (2000) to a cooperative communication scenario for signaling in multipath. It is first shown that, just as in the dual-antenna STBC case, TR along with the orthogonality of the DSTBC essentially allows for decoupling of the vector intersymbol interference (ISI) detection problem into separate scalar problems, and thus yields strong performance (compared with single-hop communication) and with substantially reduced complexity over nonorthogonal schemes. Furthermore, a performance analysis of the proposed scheme is carried out to provide insight on the performance gains, which are further confirmed via numerical results based on computer simulations and field data experiments.
Effect of laser processing on catalytic properties of shungite (2011)

A technique of improvement of catalytic activity of a shungite ultrafine powder by its processing by CO2-laser radiation.
Comparative effects of nimesulide, nimesulide L-lysine and nimesulide L-lysine L-arginine on human articular chondrocytes in vitro (1999)

peer reviewed
Neurogrid: A Mixed-Analog-Digital Multichip System for Large-Scale Neural Simulations This paper describes the design of the first hardware system to provide computational neuroscientists with the capability of performing biological real-time simulations of a million neurons and their synaptic connections. (2014)

In this paper, we describe the design of Neurogrid, a neuromorphic system for simulating large-scale neural models in real time. Neuromorphic systems realize the function of biological neural systems by emulating their structure. Designers of such systems face three major design choices: 1) whether to emulate the four neural elementsVaxonal arbor, synapse, dendritic tree, and somaVwith dedicated or shared electronic circuits; 2) whether to implement these electronic circuits in an analog or digital manner; and 3) whether to interconnect arrays of these silicon neurons with a mesh or a tree network. The choices we made were: 1) we emulated all neural elements except the soma with shared electronic circuits; this choice maximized the number of synaptic connections; 2) we realizedallelectroniccircuitsexcept those foraxonal arbors in an analog manner; this choice maximized energy efficiency; and
On the performance of bisecting K-means and PDDP (2001)

1 Introduction and problem statement The problem this paper focuses on is the unsupervised clustering of a data-set. The dataset is given by the matrix M = [x1,x2,…,xN] ∊ ℜp×N, where each column of M, xi ∊ ℜp, is a single data-point. This is one of the more basic and common problems in fields like pattern analysis, data mining, document retrieval, image segmentation, decision making, etc. ([12, 13]). The specific problem we want to solve herein is the partition of M into two sub-matrices (or sub-clusters) ML ∊ ℜp×NL and MR ∊ ℜp×NR, NL + NR = N. This problem is known as bisecting divisive clustering.