gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of apoptosis in the bovine blastocyst by insulin and the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) superfamily (2002)

Insulin and the insulin-like growth factors, IGF-I and IGF-II, have been reported to exert a mitogenic effect on the preimplantation mammalian embryo. Furthermore, it has been proposed that loss of imprinting of the insulin-like growth factor II receptor gene and the consequent over-production of IGF-II may be involved in the aetiology of the Enlarged Offspring Syndrome, which occurs as an artefact of in vitro embryo production. We have previously shown that apoptosis occurs in the preimplantation bovine embryo and is influenced by in vitro culture conditions. We have therefore sought to establish the effects of insulin, IGF-I and IGF-II on apoptosis and cell proliferation in bovine blastocysts in vitro. Zygotes, obtained by in vitro maturation and fertilization of follicular oocytes, were cultured to blastocysts, with or without exogenous growth factors. Embryos were stained with propidium iodide to label all nuclei and by TUNEL to label apoptotic nuclei and analyzed by epifluorescent and confocal microscopy. IGF-I and IGF-II, but not insulin, were found to increase the proportion of embryos which formed blastocysts. Insulin decreased the incidence of apoptosis without affecting blastocyst cell number. IGF-I acted to decrease apoptosis and increase total cell number and IGF-II increased cell number alone. These data suggest roles for insulin and the IGFs as mitogens and/or apoptotic survival factors during early bovine development. Perturbation of IGF-II regulated growth may be involved in fetal oversize.
Fertility Preservation: A Review of the Reproductive Strategies (2009)

Considerable advances in treatment modalities for cancer over the last two decades have significantly improved 5-year survival rates. However, both radiation therapy and chemotherapeutics agents are known to be gonadotoxic and can cause premature ovarian failure and infertility. As a result, both young and reproductive-aged patients must consider ways to preserve their future fertility.
Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonography in Staging Early Prostate Cancer (1990)

The MRI and ultrasonography equipment that is currently available is not highly accurate in staging early prostate cancer, mainly because neither technique has the ability to identify microscopic spread of disease. Further evaluation with improved equipment may improve the accuracy of these techniques.
Broadband Viscoelastic Spectroscopy: A New Technique for Characterizing Rheological Behavior of Solid Foods (2009)

The broadband viscoelastic spectroscopy (BVS) is a new technique for characterizing rheological behavior of solid foods. Conventional methods to obtain rheological behavior of materials over a broad range of frequencies are time-temperature superposition (TTS) technique and direct method using specific instruments. TTS technique works only for materials that are thermorheologically simple and over a limited range of about three decades of time or frequency. Materials for which the measured curves do not overlap by making a horizontal shift on the frequency axis are thermorheologically complex. Food systems are inherently complex with multiple constituents rendering them thermorheologically complex. Thus, it is necessary to acquire data directly over a wide frequency range in a single test to truly characterize such complex materials. The problems associated with TTS can be circumvented by using the BVS, which is capable of directly measuring viscoelastic properties over an extended frequency range. Applications of the BVS are introduced for characterizing viscoelastic behavior of food materials. Some advantages of the BVS technique over the TTS and other available instruments are also discussed.
Complex Coacervates for Thermally Sensitive Controlled Release of Flavor Compounds (2005)

To improve the appeal of frozen baked foods upon heating, we have encapsulated flavor oil in complex coacervate microcapsules using gelatin and gum Arabic. Variation of polyion concentrations and homogenization rate affected particle morphology, size distribution, and oil release upon heating. Release of the oil from formulations was determined by a simple spectroscopic method based on separation of oil labeled with a lipophilic dye from unaffected particles. When heated to 100 °C or higher, univesicular microcapsules (prepared with a lower homogenization rate) released almost all of the encapsulated oil, while multivesicular microcapsules (produced by high homogenization rates) resulted had lesser degrees of release. The oil remained encapsulated during 4 weeks of storage at 4 and −20 °C (freezing and thawing) but was released by exposure to 100 mM NaCl at room temperature. When particles were cooled after releasing their oil content, the oil was re-encapsulated. Keywords: Complex coacervation; gelatin-gum Arabic; flavor oil; frozen foods; heat-triggered release; controlled delivery
Packaged 40-Gbt/s backslot-type LiNbO 3 optical modulator with a low driving voltage of 2.8 V (2002)

We propose a newly designed X-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO3) optical modulator. It has a two-step back-slot structure to satisfy the velocity matching condition without the buffer layer of silicon dioxide (Si02). Accordingly, this modulator can achieve low drive voltage and low optical insertion loss. In addition, dc-drift phenomena due to the buffer layer can be suppressed This structure is fabricated with micro-machining technology using excimer laser ablation. The optical 3-dBe bandwidth of fabricated modulator reaches 30GHz and the drive voltage is less than 3V at 1kHz. From the measurement of optical eye diagram at 43.5-Gb/s, the RF-extinction-ratio resulted in 12dB with the drive voltage of 4.lVp-p. This modulator has the sufficient capability for 40-Gb/s optical transmission systems.
Doubly Curved Crystal Monochromatic XRF Instrumentation for Materials Characterization (2013)

The advent of doubly curved crystals (DCC) in XRF instrumentation offers new capabilities for materials characterization. The DCCs are unique in that they provide both point-to-point focusing as well as monochromatic treatment of the x-ray passing through the crystal. The advantages of the focusing and monochromatic treatments include: small spot focusing on the sample when used with an appropriate source and monochromatic excitation and monochromatic collection of elemental emission. hiRX (monochromatic wavelength dispersive XRF) employs all of these features into one instrumental package. The small spot size of the source (around 200 micrometers) is focused on a sample with a DCC coupled to the source to provide monochromatic excitation. The monochromatic excitation offers increased x-ray flux at the characteristic line of the x-ray anode (in this case Rh Ka1). Another DCC which has been selected for a specific energy/element is used to collect the emitted x-rays for the target analyte. The combination of low background excitation and narrow band (100-200 eV) collection offers high sensitivity and elemental selectivity. The performance of hiRX compared to conventional MXRF and confocal MXRF offers insights into the advantages and disadvantages of each methodology for Pu detection and quantification. These features are highlighted in the analysis of a Pu contaminated soil particle.
Anionic Hetero[3,3] Rearrangements.N-Acylhydroxylamine-O-carbamates to α-Amino Acids: A New Method for Introduction of Amino Groups at the α-Position of Carboxylic Acids (1991)

N-Acylhydroxylamine-O-carbamates rearrange under basic conditions to afford α-amino acid amide derivatives. The rearrangement, which can be rationalized in terms of [3,3] sigmatropic shifts, is applicable to α-amination of carboxylic acids.
Twist-1 Induces Ezh2 Recruitment Regulating Histone Methylation along the Ink4A/Arf Locus in Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2012)

The main impairment to tissue maintenance during aging is the reduced capacity for stem cell self-renewal over time due to senescence, the irreversible block in proliferation. We have previously described that the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Twist-1 can greatly enhance the life span of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). In the present study, we show that Twist-1 potently suppresses senescence and the Ink4A/Arf locus with a dramatic decrease in the expression of p16 and to some extent a decrease in p14. Furthermore, the polycomb group protein and histone methyltransferase Ezh2, which suppresses the Ink4A/Arf locus, was found to be induced by Twist-1, resulting in an increase in H3K27me3 along the Ink4A/Arf locus, repressing transcription of both p16/p14 and senescence of human MSCs. Furthermore, Twist-1 inhibits the expression of the bHLH transcription factor E47, which is normally expressed in senescent MSCs and induces transcription of the p16 promoter. Reduced Twist-1 wild-type expression and function in bone cells derived from Saethre-Chotzen patients also revealed an increase in senescence. These studies for the first time link Twist-1 to histone methylation of the Ink4A/Arf locus by controlling the expression of histone methyltransferases as well as the expression of other bHLH factors.
Epitaxial Growth of High Quality Diamond Film by the Microwave Plasma-Assisted Chemical-Vapor-Deposition Method (1990)

High-quality diamond epitaxial films were obtained on Ib diamond (100) substrates by means of the microwave plasma-assisted chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) method. For the source gas, CH 4 and H 2 gases were used in different CH 4 concentrations (CH 4 /H 2 ), from 1 vol% to 8 vol%. At CH 4 /H 2 =6%, the surfaces of the films were smooth and streaks were observed by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Raman spectra showed that they had no graphitic components. In contrast, Raman spectra showed that both the (110) epitaxial films and the polycrystalline films grown at CH 4 =6% had graphitic components.
Small-vessel radiography in situ with monochromatic synchrotron radiation. (1996)

The synchrotron radiation system may be useful for evaluating microcirculatory disorders and early-stage malignant tumors in various human organs.
HRM in the Public Sector: Is It Enough? (2009)

Our objective here is to describe and discuss changes in HRM practice as they have emerged in public organizations undertaking new management reforms. In the first section, we present a conceptual framework that will allow us to point out key elements of change in the public sector. The following sections will review specific changes that have appeared in four major fields of HRM: recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, and compensation.
Fragmentation of QRS complex during ventricular pacing is associated with ventricular arrhythmic events in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (2018)

RV stimulation can unmask fQRS, and it is associated with increased risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmia in LV dysfunction.
A three level natural clamped inverter (NCI) (2003)

This paper describes a zero voltage switched resonant inverter where focus is put on obtaining low power losses. Using zero voltage switching reduces the power losses of the inverter switching devices, however it is realized that the resonant circuit, introduced to obtain the zero voltage switching, is a major source of power loss that must be limited. This paper presents an inverter topology where low resonant circuit losses are obtained by the following strategy: keep IGBT switches out of the resonant circuit. The result is a three level converter with a voltage stress quite similar to that of the auxiliary resonant commutated pole (ARCP) inverter, but with a significant different control of the resonant circuit. Next, it is discussed how to obtain a low power loss design of the resonant circuit. It is concluded with help from experimental results that the use of an air core inductor instead of a magnetic core will give lower losses, particular at no-load or light load situations, and a quality factor of the resonant circuit of 200 is obtained. Finally measurement on a 55 kW resonant inverter is given.
Optical calibration of the SNO+ detector in the water phase with deployed sources (2021)

SNO+ is a large-scale liquid scintillator experiment with the primary goal of\nsearching for neutrinoless double beta decay, and is located approximately 2 km\nunderground in SNOLAB, Sudbury, Canada. The detector acquired data for two\nyears as a pure water Cherenkov detector, starting in May 2017. During this\nperiod, the optical properties of the detector were measured in situ using a\ndeployed light diffusing sphere, with the goal of improving the detector model\nand the energy response systematic uncertainties. The measured parameters\nincluded the water attenuation coefficients, effective attenuation coefficients\nfor the acrylic vessel, and the angular response of the photomultiplier tubes\nand their surrounding light concentrators, all across different wavelengths.\nThe calibrated detector model was validated using a deployed tagged gamma\nsource, which showed a 0.6% variation in energy scale across the primary target\nvolume.
Traceability of MV low power instrument transformer LPIT (2013)

In this paper the measuring and calibration techniques useful for ensuring the traceability of non-conventional instrument transformer, used in ac power plant up to 52 kV, are described and discussed. The aim of this work is to compare different calibration set up by evaluating the available uncertainty level.
Electrically induced formation of uncapped, hollow polymeric microstructures (2006)

Uncapped, hollow polymeric microstructures were fabricated on a silicon substrate using electric field induced stretching and detachment. Initially, square or cylinder microposts were generated using a solvent-assisted capillary molding technique, and a featureless electrode mask was positioned on the top of the microstructure with spacers maintaining an air gap (similar to 20 mu m). Upon exposure to an external electric field (1.0-3.0 V mu m(-1)), the hollow microstructures were destabilized and stretched by the well-known electrohydrodynamic instability, resulting in contact of the top polymer surface with the mask. Subsequently, detachment of the capping layer occurred upon removal of the mask due to larger adhesion forces at the polymer/mask interface than cohesion forces of the polymer. These hollow microstructures were tested to capture the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for shear protection
ChemInform Abstract: P2‐Proline‐Derived Inhibitors of Calpain I. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Exploiting Amoeboid and Non-Vertebrate Animal Model Systems to Study the Virulence of Human Pathogenic Fungi (2007)

Experiments with insects, protozoa, nematodes, and slime molds have recently come to the forefront in the study of host-fungal interactions. Many of the virulence factors required for pathogenicity in mammals are also important for fungal survival during interactions with non-vertebrate hosts, suggesting that fungal virulence may have evolved, and been maintained, as a countermeasure to environmental predation by amoebae and nematodes and other small non-vertebrates that feed on microorganisms. Host innate immune responses are also broadly conserved across many phyla. The study of the interaction between invertebrate model hosts and pathogenic fungi therefore provides insights into the mechanisms underlying pathogen virulence and host immunity, and complements the use of mammalian models by enabling whole-animal high throughput infection assays. This review aims to assist researchers in identifying appropriate invertebrate systems for the study of particular aspects of fungal pathogenesis.
Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of SpyCEP, a candidate antigen for a vaccine againstStreptococcus pyogenes (2013)

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus; GAS) is an important human pathogen against which an effective vaccine does not yet exist. The S. pyogenes protein SpyCEP (S. pyogenes cell-envelope proteinase) is a surface-exposed subtilisin-like serine protease of 1647 amino acids. In addition to its auto-protease activity, SpyCEP is capable of cleaving interleukin 8 and related chemokines, contributing to GAS immune-evasion strategies. SpyCEP is immunogenic and confers protection in animal models of GAS infections. In order to structurally characterize this promising vaccine candidate, several SpyCEP protein-expression constructs were designed, cloned, produced in Escherichia coli, purified by affinity chromatography and subjected to crystallization trials. Crystals of a selenomethionyl form of a near-full-length SpyCEP ectodomain were obtained. The crystals diffracted X-rays to 3.3 Å resolution and belonged to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a=139.2, b=120.4, c=104.3 Å, β=111°.
Mixed signals on mixed-signal (2003)

CMOS dominates digital microelectronics. However, wireless applications require RF circuits at 1-5GHz, and exotic higher frequency applications are on the horizon. Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) is a growing choice for these designs. But is it "the" answer? Some argue that scaled CMOS will handle all tomorrow's RF ICs. Others argue that one-chip SoC solutions will never be the winning strategy for these highly heterogeneous designs, and place their bets on system-in-package (SiP) technologies. Is there a right answer here? Is CMOS the "only" way, or just "another" way?
A 77-GHz to 90-GHz bidirectional amplifier for half-duplex front-ends (2010)

A W-band, bidirectional constructive wave amplifier is proposed that eliminates the need for a T/R switch. The amplifier allows amplification of either a forward or backward traveling wave. The measured amplifier has a peak gain of 16 dB and bandwidth of 14.5 GHz at 90 GHz and the center frequency can be electronically controlled between 77 and 90 GHz. The circuit is fabricated in a 0.12 μm SiGe BiCMOS process, occupies an area of 0.47 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and consumes approximately 32 mA from a 2 V supply. To the author's knowledge, this is the first W-band, bidirectional amplifier in a silicon/silicon-germanium process.
Cancer Risk in 2621 Chinese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2017)

In a population-based study, Chinese patients with CD are at an increased risk of anorectal cancers and hematological cancers compared with the general population. A higher risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer was also observed in CD and UC. Cancer surveillance should be considered.
Genetic control of resistance to chemically induced mammary adenocarcinogenesis in the rat. (1986)

Fifty-day-old female rats of a series of outbred (i.e., SD) and inbred (i.e., NSD, WF, LEW, F344, ACI, and COP) strains were exposed to a single dose of either of two highly effective mammary chemical carcinogens, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) or 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU), to determine the characteristic number of mammary adenocarcinomas induced/rat for each strain. Female rats of the inbred NSD, WF, and LEW strains were found to be as highly susceptible to DMBA exposure as the randomly outbred SD strain (i.e., greater than 2 mammary adenocarcinomas/rat develop). Inbred female F344 and ACI rats were found to be much less susceptible to DMBA induced mammary adenocarcinogenesis (i.e., less than 1.2 mammary adenocarcinomas/rat). In contrast to all the other inbred strains, the female COP rat was unique in that it is essentially completely resistant to all attempts to induce mammary adenocarcinomas by either DMBA or MNU exposure. Genetic breeding analysis demonstrated that the resistance of the mammary epithelium of the female COP rat to DMBA and MNU is due to the mendelian inheritance of a dominant, autosomal genetic allele. The inheritance of a single copy of this resistance allele is able to prevent both the DMBA and MNU induced development of mammary adenocarcinomas in F1 hybrids produced by cross-breeding COP to the highly susceptible NSD animal.
Crossed-beam thermal lens as a scanning laser microscope (1987)

The crossed‐beam thermal lens is used for the measurement of minute optical absorbance within very small probe volumes. In this technique, a cylindrically‐symmetric temperature rise is produced within a sample from absorbance of a modulated pump laser beam. This heated region is probed at right angles with a second, cw laser beam. Defocusing of the probe beam caused by the heated sample is detected as a periodic change in the far‐field probe beam‐center intensity. Since the two beams only interact in their intersection volume, very small regions may be probed with tightly focused beams. By recording the thermal lens signal as an inhomogeneous sample is scanned through the probe volume, an image is generated based upon the absorbance of the sample. Furthermore, by recording the phase of the signal, it is possible to generate an image based upon thermal diffusivity. Images of histopathological and geological samples are presented.
Technique of Laparoscopic Live Donor Nephrectomy: The Five Year Johns Hopkins University Experience (2002)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUROLOGICAL SURVEY: Video Reviews: SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION/DONOR NEPHRECTOMY/UROLOGIC COLLAGE1 Jan 2002Technique of Laparoscopic Live Donor Nephrectomy: The Five Year Johns Hopkins University Experience Philip M. Hanno and M.D. Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Philip M. HannoPhilip M. Hanno More articles by this author and Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65492-4AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Technique of Laparoscopic Live Donor Nephrectomy: The Five Year Johns Hopkins University Experience." The Journal of Urology, 167(1), p. 439 © 2002 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 167Issue 1January 2002Page: 439 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2002 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Philip M. Hanno More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Development of a Generic Microfluidic Device for Simultaneous Detection of Antibodies and Nucleic Acids in Oral Fluids (2013)

A prototype dual-path microfluidic device (Rheonix CARD) capable of performing simultaneously screening (antigen or antibody) and confirmatory (nucleic acid) detection of pathogens is described. The device fully integrates sample processing, antigen or antibody detection, and nucleic acid amplification and detection, demonstrating rapid and inexpensive "sample-to-result" diagnosis with performance comparable to benchtop analysis. For the chip design, a modular approach was followed allowing the optimization of individual steps in the sample processing process. This modular design provides great versatility accommodating different disease targets independently of the production method. In the detection module, a lateral flow (LF) protocol utilizing upconverting phosphor (UCP) reporters was employed. The nucleic acid (NA) module incorporates a generic microtube containing dry reagents. Lateral flow strips and PCR primers determine the target or disease that is diagnosed. Diagnosis of HIV infection was used as a model to investigate the simultaneous detection of both human antibodies against the virus and viral RNA. The serological result is available in less than 30 min, and the confirmation by RNA amplification takes another 60 min. This approach combines a core serological portable diagnostic with a nucleic acid-based confirmatory test.