gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Determination of the Concentration of Vanadium(IV) and Vanadium(V) Simultaneously (2016)

The electrochemical measurement of multivalent cations concentration (EM2C2) technique was demonstrated to simultaneously determine the concentration of the redox pair V(IV)/V(V) in aqueous solutions. This technique consists of measuring the current at an applied potential under diffusion transport using a rotating disk electrode. The influence of several parameters such as scan rate potential, rotation rate of the electrode, and interferences in the measurements were investigated. Different linear equations derived from these parameters were compared to improve the analysis. Detection limits using the EM2C2 methodology were 1 mM for V(IV) and >1 mM for V(V) making the methodology suitable to perform the measurement of vanadium speciation with relative ease and less time at low cost.
BB8: A Scalable, Accurate, Robust to Partial Occlusion Method for Predicting the 3D Poses of Challenging Objects without Using Depth (2017)

We introduce a novel method for 3D object detection and pose estimation from color images only. We first use segmentation to detect the objects of interest in 2D even in presence of partial occlusions and cluttered background. By contrast with recent patch-based methods, we rely on a holistic approach: We apply to the detected objects a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) trained to predict their 3D poses in the form of 2D projections of the corners of their 3D bounding boxes. This, however, is not sufficient for handling objects from the recent T-LESS dataset: These objects exhibit an axis of rotational symmetry, and the similarity of two images of such an object under two different poses makes training the CNN challenging. We solve this problem by restricting the range of poses used for training, and by introducing a classifier to identify the range of a pose at run-time before estimating it. We also use an optional additional step that refines the predicted poses. We improve the state-of-the-art on the LINEMOD dataset from 73.7% to 89.3% of correctly registered RGB frames. We are also the first to report results on the Occlusion dataset using color images only. We obtain 54% of frames passing the Pose 6D criterion on average on several sequences of the T-LESS dataset, compared to the 67% of the state-of-the-art on the same sequences which uses both color and depth. The full approach is also scalable, as a single network can be trained for multiple objects simultaneously.
Supplementary Information Embedment with Area Ratio for Camera-Based Character Recognition (2007)

あらまし ディジタルカメラを入力デバイスとして実環境中の文字を高精度に認識するために,文字画像と同 時に認識補助のための付加情報を提示する方法が検討されている.付加情報は,人間にとって自然な形で提示さ れること,及び,幾何学的変形に対してロバストに抽出できることが要求される.本論文では,これらの要求を 満たす手法として,面積比を利用した付加情報提示手法を提案する.すなわち,文字パターンを 2 色で印字する ことを前提とし,それぞれの色の領域の面積比を特定の値とするようにデザインする.具体的には,文字に影を 付加したり輪郭線を別の色とする.これらは文字パターンのデザインとして既に行われており,提案手法はその 線幅や面積を変えるにすぎない.したがって,提案手法は様々な用途に広く応用することが可能である.面積比 はアフィン変換に不変であり,アフィン変換を受けた環境においても誤りなく抽出されることが期待される.実 際に付加情報を埋め込んだ文字パターンを作成し,ディジタルカメラで撮影された画像中の文字パターンから付 加情報を抽出する実験を行い,提案手法の有効性を確認する.また,付加情報を用いて文字を認識する実験を行 い,認識精度が向上することを確認する. キーワード 実環境文字認識,情報埋込,付加情報,アフィン不変量,面積比
Mapping of the gene for X‐linked dominant Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth neuropathy (1992)

We performed a clinical study and linkage analysis on 278 subjects (66 affected) belonging to eight families with X-linked dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. This form affects 11.8% of CMT patients in Iowa. Motor nerve conduction velocities (MNCVs) were significantly slowed consistent with type 1 CMT. Fifty-six obligate carriers manifested mild distal weakness, localized areflexia, pes cavus, and slowing on MNCVs. Seven X-linked restriction fragment length polymorphisms mapping in the Xp11-q21 region were tested for linkage against CMT. Two-point linkage results showed the highest lod scores with PGK1, DXS159, and DXYS1. Multipoint linkage analysis excluded the CMT gene from being telomeric to either DXS14 or DXYS1, with over 1,000:1 odds. The highest location scores were at PGK1 and 1 cM proximal to DXS159.
Surfactants from Biomass: A Two‐Step Cascade Reaction for the Synthesis of Sorbitol Fatty Acid Esters Using Solid Acid Catalysts (2007)

Sorbitol fatty esters have been prepared through a two-step catalytic process which involves the protection of the polyalcohol by ketalization followed by esterification with the fatty acid. Inorganic molecular sieves with different pore topologies as well as heteropolyacids (HPA) were used as acid catalysts to perform both the ketalization and the esterification step. These catalysts are found to hydrolyze the ketal function and promote the esterification between the free hydroxy groups and oleic acid in a cascade process. The results show a positive shape-selectivity effect when the process is carried out using tridirectional, and especially monodirectional (mordenite), zeolites, such that the ratio of mono- to higher esters and the hydroxy number of the final product are increased as compared to those obtained for the homogeneous-catalyzed process.
Scale-Robust Localization Using General Object Landmarks (2017)

Visual localization under large changes in scale is an important capability in many robotic mapping applications, such as localizing at low altitudes in maps built at high altitudes, or performing loop closure over long distances. Existing approaches, however, are robust only up to about a 3x difference in scale between map and query images. We propose a novel combination of deep-learning-based object features and state-of-the-art SIFT point-features that yields improved robustness to scale change. This technique is training-free and class-agnostic, and in principle can be deployed in any environment out-of-the-box. We evaluate the proposed technique on the KITTI Odometry benchmark and on a novel dataset of outdoor images exhibiting changes in visual scale of $7\times$ and greater, which we have released to the public. Our technique consistently outperforms localization using either SIFT features or the proposed object features alone, achieving both greater accuracy and much lower failure rates under large changes in scale.
Tandem Postsynthetic Metal Ion and Ligand Exchange in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (2013)

Herein, we report a general postsynthetic exchange (PSE) approach to introduce a redox-active transition metal, specifically Mn(II), into "inert" zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), a subclass of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). It is shown that metal ion PSE occurs in ZIF-71 (RHO topology) and ZIF-8 (SOD topology) under ambient conditions. The metal exchanged ZIFs are the first porous, Mn(II)-based ZIFs and a rare example of ZIFs with two transition metal centers in a single lattice. Exchanged materials are characterized by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersed X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. In addition, stepwise "tandem" PSE strategies are described to exchange of metal ions and organic linkers consecutively in ZIFs. These findings are important for probing the chemical dynamics of ZIFs, despite their high crystallinity and robustness, and inspire the more widespread use of PSE to prepare multimetallic and multifunctional MOFs.
Heterogeneity in the hormonal responsiveness of clones derived from the 13762NF rat mammary tumor. (1986)

The transplantable hormone-responsive rat mammary adenocarcinoma 13762NF was dissociated with collagenase and hyaluronidase. Cells were cloned directly or lines were established from mass cultures and cells from these lines were cloned. Clones differed in cellular morphology, colony morphology on plastic or in collagen gel, growth rate, growth response to hormones, and hormone receptor levels. Growth response to prolactin, estradiol, progesterone, cortisol, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) was determined by culturing the cells within collagen gel and using a serum-free medium base of DME/F12 (1:1) with insulin, linoleic acid, and BSA. The clones varied in their hormone responses, with all 20 of the clones tested responding to cortisol in combination with EGF. Some clones would respond to EGF, cortisol, or progesterone when used alone. None of the clones tested could be stimulated by prolactin or estradiol. Receptor levels for estradiol, progesterone, glucocorticoids, and EGF were assessed in 3 selected clones differing in their hormone responsiveness. Receptor levels appeared to correlate with hormonal sensitivity. Selected clones transplanted into female F344 rats produced carcinomas with histopathologies similar to the original tumor.
Paper as a Versatile Platform for Low-Cost Diagnostics (2013)

Novel technologies are needed to address the urgent healthcare requirements of patients in the developing world and other resource-limited settings. Diagnostic devices that provide critical patient information at the point of need play a key role in the treatment and monitoring of disease. Such devices must be robust, simple to use, actionable, and extremely low in cost. Paper and other porous media provide an attractive platform from which to build devices that are able to address these needs. In an effort to expand the capabilities of porous media in diagnostics, we present a novel platform based on patterned paper microfluidic devices. In particular, 3-dimensional devices formed by stacking multiple layers of patterned paper provide the ability to perform many fluidic handling operations including: filtration; splitting; mixing; incubation; capture; and separations. Diagnostics For All (DFA) is developing tests based on this platform, in order to provide highly-functional diagnostic devices at unprecedented low cost. In this presentation, we will describe some specific examples of paper-based tests designed specifically for use in resource-poor areas.
Longitudinal distribution of ozone absorption in the lung: quiet respiration in healthy subjects (1992)

The objective of this research was to develop a bolus-response method for the noninvasive determination of O3 distribution in the human lung. A previously developed O3 analyzer and bolus generator were incorporated in a computer-controlled inhalation system, and measurements of O3 absorption from inhaled 10-ml boluses with a peak O3 concentration of 4 ppm were carried out on nine previously unexposed healthy male subjects engaged in quiet oral breathing. The fraction of O3 absorbed during a single breath was measured over a range of airway penetrations from 20 to 200 ml, with inspiratory and expiratory flows fixed at a nominal value of 250 ml/s. The resulting data indicated that 50% of the inhaled O3 was absorbed at a penetration of 70 ml, which roughly corresponds to the upper airways, and essentially complete absorption occurred at a penetration of 180 ml, which roughly corresponds to the 16th airway generation, the beginning of the proximal alveolar region. This compares favorably with the results of direct-sampling methods, which indicated that 40.4% of continuously inhaled O3 is removed by the extrathoracic airways (Gerrity et al. J. Appl. Physiol. 65: 393-400, 1988). The computation of an absorption rate constant, Ka, revealed that the efficiency of O3 uptake increased with longitudinal position throughout most of the conducting airways but began to fall off at a penetration of 160 ml.
Influence of substituents on cation–anion contacts in imidazolium perrhenates (2015)

A series of imidazolium perrhenates with different substituents at the imidazolium ring were synthesised and characterised, including single crystal X-ray diffraction. The effect of the substitution pattern on the state of aggregation of the compounds, the charge delocalisation and the ion pairing interaction via hydrogen bonds was studied. Particularly the substitution at the C2 position of the imidazolium ring was shown to be crucial to fine-tune the ion contacts. Fluorinated substituents appear to exhibit enhanced interionic interactions. The ability to tune the degree of contacts of the perrhenate anion allows for adjusting the nucleophilicity of this anion.
Gene Expression Profiling to Identify the Histogenetic Origin of Metastatic Adenocarcinomas of Unknown Primary (2008)

The gene expression platform can classify correctly from FFPE samples the majority of tumors classes both in patients with known primary and in patients with ACUP. Therefore, gene expression profiling represents an additional analytic approach to assist with the histogenetic diagnosis of patients with ACUP.
Formation of Artificial Receptors by Metal-Templated Self-Assembly (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of Artificial Receptors by Metal-Templated Self-AssemblyBrian Linton and Andrew D. HamiltonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 5, 1669–1680Publication Date (Web):August 5, 1997Publication History Received20 November 1996Revised25 February 1997Published online5 August 1997Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr960375whttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr960375wresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2289Altmetric-Citations276LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Ions,Metals,Reaction products,Receptors,Surface interactions Get e-Alerts
Strain and Composition Dependencies of the Near-Band-Gap Optical Transitions in Monoclinic (AlxGa1−x)2O3 Alloys with Coherent Biaxial In-Plane Strain on Ga2O3(010) (2022)

The bowing of the energy of the three lowest band-to-band transitions in $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}({\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{)}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ alloys is resolved using a combined density-functional theory (DFT) and generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry approach. The DFT calculations of the electronic band structure of both $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and $\ensuremath{\theta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ allow the linear portion of the energy shift in the alloys to be extracted, and provide a method for quantifying the role of coherent strain present in the $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}({\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{)}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin films on (010) $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ substrates. The energies of band-to-band transitions are obtained using the spectroscopic ellipsometry eigenpolarization model approach [A. Mock et al., Phys. Rev. B 95, 165202 (2017)]. After subtracting the effects of strain, which also induces additional bowing and after subtraction of the linear portion of the energy shift due to alloying, the bowing parameters associated with the three lowest band-to-band transitions in monoclinic $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}({\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{)}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ are found.
A fused lobes Gene Encodes the Processing β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase in Sf9 Cells* (2008)

Manalpha6(Manalpha3)Manbeta4GlcNAcbeta4GlcNAc-R is the core structure of the major processed protein N-glycans produced by insect cells. Ultimately, this paucimannose type structure is produced by an unusual beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, which removes the terminal N-acetylglucosamine residue from the upstream intermediate, Manalpha6(GlcNAcbeta2Manalpha3)Manbeta4GlcNAcbeta4GlcNAc-R. Because the N-glycan processing pathways leading to the production of this intermediate are probably identical in insects and higher eukaryotes, the presence or absence of this specific, processing beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase is a key factor distinguishing the processing pathways in these two different types of organisms. Recent studies have shown that the fused lobes (fdl) gene encodes the specific, processing beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase of Drosophila melanogaster. However, there are conflicting reports on the identity of the gene encoding this enzyme in the lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera frugiperda. One has suggested that a gene alternatively designated SfGlcNAcase-3 or SfHex encodes this function, whereas another has suggested that this gene encodes a broad-spectrum beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase that functions in glycan and chitin degradation. In this study we resolved this conflict by molecularly cloning an S. frugiperda fdl ortholog (Sf-fdl) and demonstrating that it encodes a product with the substrate specificity expected of the processing beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Moreover, we showed that the endogenous levels of specific, processing beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity were significantly reduced in S. frugiperda cells engineered to express a double-stranded RNA derived from the Sf-fdl gene. These results indicate that Sf-fdl encodes the specific, processing beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase of S. frugiperda and validate our previous suggestion that the broad-spectrum beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase encoded by the SfGlcNAcase-3/SfHex gene is more likely to be involved in N-glycan and/or chitin degradation.
Characterization of Benign Myocarditis Using Quantitative Delayed-Enhancement Imaging Based on Molli T1 Mapping (2015)

Delayed contrast enhancement after injection of a gadolinium-chelate (Gd-chelate) is a reference imaging method to detect myocardial tissue changes. Its localization within the thickness of the myocardial wall allows differentiating various pathological processes such as myocardial infarction (MI), inflammatory myocarditis, and cardiomyopathies. The aim of the study was first to characterize benign myocarditis using quantitative delayed-enhancement imaging and then to investigate whether the measure of the extracellular volume fraction (ECV) can be used to discriminate between MI and myocarditis.In 6 patients with acute benign myocarditis (32.2 ± 13.8 year-old, subepicardial late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]) and 18 patients with MI (52.3 ± 10.9 year-old, subendocardial/transmural LGE), myocardial T1 was determined using the Modified Look-Locker Imaging (MOLLI) sequence at 3 Tesla before and after Gd-chelate injection. T1 values were compared in LGE and normal regions of the myocardium. The myocardial T1 values were normalized to the T1 of blood, and the ECV was calculated from T1 values of myocardium and blood pre- and post-Gd injection.In both myocarditis and MI, the T1 was lower in LGE regions than in normal regions of the left ventricle. T1 of LGE areas was significantly higher in myocarditis than in MI (446.8 ± 45.8 vs 360.5 ± 66.9 ms, P = 0.003) and ECV was lower in myocarditis than in MI (34.5 ± 3.3 vs 53.8 ± 13.0 %, P = 0.004).Both inflammatory process and chronic fibrosis induce LGE (subepicardial in myocarditis and subendocardial in MI). The present study demonstrates that the determination of T1 and ECV is able to differentiate the 2 histological patterns.Further investigation will indicate whether the severity of ECV changes might help refine the predictive risk of LGE in myocarditis.
Robust Speed Control for Robot Arm Considering Angular Transmission Error of Gear (1998)

This paper proposes a new numerical simulation model of angular transmission error of strain wave gear, and designs a robust speed control system for the robot arm with this angular transmission error. The proposed numerical simulation model can confirm the vibration of the robot arm caused by this angular transmission error. It is very difficult for the conventional control system using both a PI controller and a state feedback to suppress the vibration of the robot arm completely. The proposed robust speed control system, which is a two-degrees-of-freedom control system based on disturbance observer, can suppress the arm vibration. The numerical simulation results show the proposed system well regulates the motor speed and suppresses the vibration of load speed.
Optical Modeling of Capped Multi-Layer Porous Silicon as a Back Reflector in Thin-Film Solar Cells (2006)

A model for the optical properties of closed-porosity silicon is developed as a tool for design and optimization of porous silicon stacks made of layers of alternate (high/low) porosity which are possible candidates for use as back reflectors in thin-film silicon solar cells on cheap substrates. The model takes into account the change in pore morphology during the epitaxial growth process of the silicon film on the stack, with the pores taking the form of relatively large closed cavities where retardation and interference effects play an important role. The calculated front-surface reflectance of structures consisting of a silicon epitaxial layer with a plasma-textured front surface grown over a reflecting porous silicon stack are compared with the corresponding experimental measurements, showing a good agreement between theory and experiment
Investigation of a Single Pd Nanowire for Use as a Hydrogen Sensor (2006)

Single palladium nanowires electrodeposited in electrolyte channels patterned by electron-beam lithography are investigated for use as hydrogen sensors. This fabrication technique can produce nanowires with controlled dimensions, positions, alignments, and chemical compositions, and should allow for their easy integration with existing silicon technology.
Comparison of Different Measurement Technologies for the In-Flight Assessment of Radiated Acoustic Intensity (2005)

A series of tests was planned and conducted in the Interior Noise Test Facility at Boeing Field, on the NASA Aries 757 flight research aircraft, and in the Structural Acoustic Loads and Transmission Facility at NASA Langley Research Center. These tests were designed to answer several questions concerning the use of array methods in flight. One focus of the tests was determining whether and to what extent array methods could be used to identify the effects of an acoustical treatment applied to a limited portion of an aircraft fuselage. Another focus of the tests was to verify that the arrays could be used to localize and quantify a known source purposely placed in front of the arrays. Thus the issues related to backside sources and flanking paths present in the complicated sound field were addressed during these tests. These issues were addressed through the use of reference transducers, both accelerometers mounted to the fuselage and microphones in the cabin, that were used to correlate the pressure holograms. measured by the microphone arrays using either SVD methods or partial coherence methods. This correlation analysis accepts only energy that is coherent with the sources sensed by the reference transducers, allowing a noise control engineer to only identify and study those vibratory sources of interest. The remainder of this paper will present a detailed description of the test setups that were used in this test sequence and typical results of the NAH/IBEM analysis used to reconstruct the sound fields. Also, a comparison of data obtained in the laboratory environments and during flights of the 757 aircraft will be made.