gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiation-Induced Defects and Effects in Germanate and Tellurite Glasses (2020)

This review focuses on the radiation-induced changes in germanate and tellurite glasses. These glasses have been of great interest due to their remarkable potential for photonics, in terms of extended transmission window in the mid-infrared, ability of rare-earth loading suitable with a laser, and amplification in the near- and mid-infrared or high nonlinear optical properties. Here, we summarize information about possible radiation-induced defects, mechanisms of their formation, and the influence of the glass composition on this process. Special attention is paid to laser-induced structural modification of these glasses, including possible mechanisms of the laser-glass interaction, laser-induced crystallization, and waveguide writing. It is shown that these methods can be used for photostructuring of the glass and have great potential for practical applications.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING ON LIVER PRESERVATION-REPERFUSION INJURY IN RATS (1998)

The current results show that ischemic preconditioning protects the liver graft from subsequent long-term cold preservation-reperfusion injury in a rat liver transplantation model. The protective role of ischemic preconditioning may be mediated by the endogenous production of NO.
3D Packaging Technology for Integrated Antenna Front-Ends (2008)

Thanks to Vertical Multi-Chip Module packaging technology (MCM-V), a novel concept of integrated antenna feed in Ka band has been developed. This technology enables the integration of active elements very close to the radiating surface, which reduces dramatically the weight and volume of the antenna. In this paper the different technological building blocks are described, and the measurements obtained on the first breadboard are discussed. The promising results obtained should lead to a major breakthrough for active receive antennas, driving down cost and complexity.
The 1,5-Disubstituted Tetrazole Ring as a cis-Amide Bond Surrogate (2003)

Proline occupies a special role among those amino acids incorporated into peptides and proteins by the normal ribosomal pathways, since it is the only residue that leads to an N-alkyl amide bond. In peptide natural products that often have special biosynthetic pathways or unusual posttranslational modifications, N-methyl amino acids are common and may play a special role because of their conformational properties, including their proclivity for cis-trans isomerism of the amide bond. Numerous peptides with important biological activities, such as cyclosporin and didemnin, contain N-methyl amino acids. Cis-trans isomerism of the N-alkyl amide bond involving the amino group can readily be observed (1) in the NMR of proline and N-methyl amino acid-containing peptides. In the case of angiotensin and thyroliberin (TRH) analogs, the quantity of cis-isomer in aqueous solution was correlated (2) with the biological activity. This suggested that the cis-isomer might be the one bound to the receptor and responsible for the observed biological activity. Bairaktari et al. (3) have reported that the normal amide bond between an He and Lys residues in the linear peptide, bombolitin, has the cis-conformation when bound to phospholipid micelles. In protei0n crystal structures, cis-amide bond conformations are occasionally observed for the normal, nonalkylated amide bond. A cis-amide bond predisposes the peptide for a reverse turn, a so-called Type VI β-turn. Brandl and Deber (4) have proposed that cis-trans isomerism of proline residue might play a role in transduction of transmembrane proteins.
Design and fabrication for sub half micron core width spin valve read head (2005)

Summary form only given. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
Synthetic Trehalose Glycolipids Confer Desiccation Resistance to Supported Lipid Monolayers (2009)

Lipid-derived desiccation resistance in membranes is a rare, unique ability previously observed only with trehalose dimycolate (TDM), an abundant mycobacterial glycolipid. Here we present the first synthetic trehalose glycolipids capable of providing desiccation protection to membranes of which they are constituents. The synthetic glycolipids consist of a simple trehalose disaccharide headgroup, similar to TDM, with hydrophobic tail groups of two 15- or 18-carbon chains. The synthetic trehalose glycolipids protected supported monolayers of phospholipids against dehydration even as minority components of the overall membrane, down to as little as 20 mol % trehalose glycolipid as assessed by assays of membrane fluidity. The dependence of the desiccation protection on the synthetic trehalose glycolipid fraction is nearly identical to that of TDM. The striking similarity of the desiccation resistance observed with TDM and the synthetic trehalose glycolipids, despite the variety of hydrophobic tail structures employed, suggests that interactions between the trehalose headgroup and surrounding molecules are the determining factor in dehydration protection.
Effects of acute and repeated administration of the selective M 4 PAM VU0152099 on cocaine vs. food choice in male rats (2021)

A bstract Ligands that stimulate muscarinic acetylcholine receptors 1 and 4 (M 1 , M 4 ) have shown promising effects as putative pharmacotherapy for cocaine use disorder in rodent assays. We have previously shown reductions in cocaine effects with acute M 4 stimulation, as well as long-lasting, delayed, reductions in cocaine taking and cocaine seeking with combined M 1 /M 4 receptor stimulation or with M 1 stimulation alone. M 4 stimulation opposes dopaminergic signaling acutely, but direct dopamine receptor antagonists have proved unhelpful in managing cocaine use disorder because they lose efficacy with long-term administration. It is therefore critical to determine whether M 4 approaches themselves can remain effective with repeated or chronic dosing. We assessed the effects of repeated administration of the M 4 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) VU0152099 in rats trained to choose between intravenous cocaine and a liquid food reinforcer, to obtain quantitative measurement of whether M 4 stimulation could produce delayed and lasting reduction in cocaine taking. VU0152099 produced progressively augmenting suppression of cocaine choice and cocaine intake, but produced neither rebound nor lasting effects after treatment ended. To compare and contrast effects of M 1 vs. M 4 stimulation, we tested whether the M 4 PAM VU0152100 suppressed cocaine self-administration in mice lacking CalDAG-GEFI signaling factor, required for M 1 -mediated suppression of cocaine self-administration. CalDAG-GEFI ablation had no effect on M 4 -mediated suppression of cocaine self-administration. These findings support the potential usefulness of M 4 PAMs as pharmacotherapy to manage cocaine use disorder, alone or in combination with M 1 -selective ligands, and show that M 1 and M 4 stimulation modulate cocaine-taking behavior by distinct mechanisms.
OBSERVATION OF HOT BANDS OF $H^{+}_{3}$ USING AN EXTENDED DIFFERENCE FREQUENCY SPECTROMETER (1988)

We have extended the range of our difference frequency spectrometer from the previous range of $4200-2300 cm^{-1}$ to $5400. 1850 cm^{-1}$ by using an angle-tuned $LilO_{3}{^{1}}$ rather than the temperature-tuned $LiNbO_{3}$ as the non-linear optical mixing element. Although the infrared conversion efficiency is much lower for $LilO_{3}$ than for $LiNbO_{3}$ we have found this extended coverage to be useful in our search for the hot bands of $H_{3}^{+}$. We have observed many transitions of $H_{3}^{+}$ not assignable to the $\\nu_{2} \\leftarrow O$ fundamental band using a liquid nitrogen cooled AC discharge with 600 in torr $H_{2}$ and 7 Torr He. Many of the lines have been assigned to the $2\\nu_{2} \\ell=2\\leftarrow \\nu_{2}, \\ell=1$. band based on the recent calculation of Miller and $Tennison^{2}$. We expect most of the remaining lines to belong to the $2\\nu_{2} \\ell=0 - \\nu_{2} , \\ell=1$ and $\\nu_{1} + \\nu_{2}$ hot bands.
Metabarcoding of soil nematodes: the importance of taxonomic coverage and availability of reference sequences in choosing suitable marker(s) (2019)

For many organisms, there is agreement on the specific genomic region used for developing barcode markers. With nematodes, however, it has been found that the COI region designated for most animals lacks the taxonomic coverage (ability to amplify a diverse group of taxa) required of a metabarcoding marker. For that reason, studies on metabarcoding of nematodes thus far have utilized primarily regions within the highly conserved 18S ribosomal DNA. Two popular markers within this region are the ones flanked by the primer pairs NF1-18Sr2b and SSUF04-SSUR22. The NF1-18Sr2b primer pair, especially, has been critiqued as not being specific enough for nematodes leading to suggestions for other candidate markers while the SSUF04-SSUR22 region has hardly been tested on soil nematodes. The current study aimed to evaluate these two markers against other alternative ones within the 28S rDNA and the COI region for their suitability for nematode metabarcoding. The results showed that the NF1-18Sr2b marker could offer wide coverage and good resolution for characterizing soil nematodes. Sufficient availability of reference sequences for this region was found to be a significant factor that resulted in this marker outperforming the other markers, particularly the 18S-based SSUFO4-SSUR22 marker. None of the other tested regions compared with this marker in terms of the proportion of the taxa recovered. The COI-based marker had the lowest number of taxa recovered, and this was due to the poor performance of its primers and the insufficient number of reference sequences in public databases. In summary, this study highlights how dependent the success of metabarcoding is on the availability of a good reference sequence collection for the marker of choice as well as its taxonomic coverage.
Finite Element-based Multi-objective Design Optimization of IPM Considering Saturation Effects for Constant Power Region of Operation (2020)

This paper proposes a Finite Element (FE)-based multi-objective optimization procedure, under a set of constraints, for interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) to achieve a wide constant-power region of operation taking saturation effects and multiple operating points into account. Nonlinear models of the d-q flux linkages are derived based on magnetostatic FEA, which can significantly enhance computational efficiency with good accuracy (only 6 seconds per tentative design using a common PC). A new numerical method conforming to MTPA and flux weakening is presented based on the nonlinear models of the d-q flux linkage. Furthermore, this paper proposes to combine the new numerical method with the magnetostatic FEA using the differential evolution (DE) optimization algorithm to optimize the machine performance to achieve a wide constant power speed range (CPSR). Any operating points (different current/torque and speed) within the torque and speed boundary requirements can be also incorporated in the optimization procedure. Furthermore, saturation effects and multiple operating points are considered in the proposed optimization procedure. The design optimization procedure has been employed to recently developed low-cost IPM with a blend of magnet types. The proposed optimization procedure can be extended to other types of electrical machines.
Effects of Ti Incorporation in Ni on Silicidation Reaction and Structural/Electrical Properties of NiSi (2004)

The effects of Ti incorporation in a Ni film on the silicidation reaction as well as the structural and electrical properties of NiSi have been investigated. Experimental results from this work showed that the reaction-inhibiting effect of an interfacial oxide layer could be effectively overcome by Ti incorporation. It was found that, in the presence of a thin interfacial oxide (1-2 nm), the onset of the silicidation reaction occurs at 300°C with a Ni(5 atom % Ti) alloy while the thin interfacial oxide effectively delays the silicidation reaction up to 700°C for pure Ni. It was found that Ti reacts with the interfacial oxide, yielding an altered oxide layer, which acts as a Ni-permeable diffusion membrane during silicidation. In addition to the dramatic effect on the interfacial reaction during silicide formation, Ti incorporation was also found to improve morphological and thermal stability of NiSi. As a result, Ni(Ti)-silicided diodes (with/without an interfacial oxide) showed an improvement in junction integrity, as compared to pure Ni-silicided diodes. It is believed that the ability to form silicide effectively even in the presence of an interfacial oxide, coupled with improved junction integrity, will greatly relieve constraints on processing conditions and significantly enhance manufacturing yield. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Author Correction: Microbiome disturbance and resilience dynamics of the upper respiratory tract during influenza A virus infection (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Auction Design Critical for Rescue Plan (2014)

Abstract This chapter assesses the Treasury’s proposal to invest $700 billion in mortgage-related securities to resolve the financial crisis, using market mechanisms such as reverse auctions to determine prices. While a well-designed auction process can indeed be an effective tool for acquiring distressed assets at minimum cost to the taxpayer, a simplistic process could lead to higher cost and fewer securities purchased. It is critical for the auction process to be designed carefully. The immediate crisis is one of illiquidity. Banks hold a variety of mortgage-backed securities, some almost worthless, while others retain considerable value. None can be sold, except at fire-sale prices. The Treasury proposes to restore liquidity by stepping in and purchasing these securities. But at what price? A better approach would be for the Treasury to conduct a separate auction for each security and limit itself to buying perhaps 50 percent of the aggregate face value. If the security clears at 30 cents on the dollar, this means that the holders value it at 30 cents on the dollar. The auction then works as intended. The price is reasonably close to value. The “winners” are the bidders who value the asset the least and value liquidity the most.
3620 Analysis of Different Gas Diffusion Layer Materials in Fuel Cells (2005)

The performance of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) operating on pure hydrogen and air is primarily limited by the performance of the cathode side. At high current densities, the transport of the reactant (O_2) to the catalyst layer is limited by accumulated liquid water inside the gas diffusion layer (GDL), which causes flooding. A carbon cloth GDL displays better performance than a carbon paper GDL under humidified conditions. To investigate these phenomena, neutron radiography was used to compare the amount of liquid water that accumulated in the cell with different GDL materials. It was found that a larger amount of water accumulated in a carbon cloth GDL than in a carbon paper GDL. From the standpoint of cell performance, the carbon cloth GDL was less influenced by the accumulated water than the carbon paper GDL. A carbon cloth GDL has a larger porosity distribution than a carbon paper GDL. It is assumed that carbon cloth allows O_2 transportation through the GDL due to the material's larger pores even though water accumulates in the layer.
The Management of Reliable Software (1976)

The development of reliable software is not merely a technical problem but also a management problem. In the present context management may be understood to mean the attainment of all predefined objectives in a set time with the available resources. The usual management methods are planning, organisation and control. One reason for the frequent failure of software management is the difficulty of adapting these techniques to software development.
Type II halogen···halogen contacts are halogen bonds (2013)

Cl/Br/I alternative substitutions in a series of dihalophenols indicate that type I and type II halogen···halogen contacts have different chemical nature. Only the latter ones qualify as true halogen bonds, according to the recent IUPAC definition.
A splice variant of trkB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor are co-expressed in retinal pigmented epithelial cells and promote differentiated characteristics (1998)

There is evidence suggesting reciprocal trophic interactions between photoreceptors and the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), but the factors involved have not been identified. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that one or more known neurotrophic factors act upon the RPE. Cultured human and freshly isolated bovine RPE cells demonstrated saturable specific binding for [125I]labeled BDNF, NT-4/5 and NT-3 with little specific binding for CNTF and none for NGF. Cross-competition experiments showed that BDNF is the preferred ligand and cross-linking of [125I]BDNF resulted in a doublet at 160 kd that was increased in RPE cells incubated in all-trans retinoic acid. There was basal phosphorylation of a 145 kd protein recognized by an anti-trk antibody that was increased in RPE cells pulsed with BDNF. RT-PCR with primers spanning the transmembrane domain demonstrated that RPE cells express trkB mRNA lacking a region homologous to exon 9 of chicken trkB, a splice variant that has been demonstrated to preferentially interact with BDNF. Northern blots demonstrated that cultured RPE cells also express mRNA for BDNF. BDNF did not stimulate proliferation or increase survival of RPE cells in serum-free medium, but promoted a differentiated morphology and increased the expression of cellular retinaldehyde binding protein, a marker of the differentiated state in RPE cells. An RPE cell line that spontaneously shows differentiated features showed a high level of BDNF mRNA. These data demonstrate that RPE cells express a short splice variant of trkB whose activation correlates with expression of differentiated characteristics and the cells themselves are capable of producing a ligand for the receptors. Signaling through trkB could play a role in differentiation of RPE cells during development and maintenance of the differentiated state in adult RPE.
Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2@C Core−Shell Composite Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Photocatalytic Activities (2006)

TiO2@C core−shell composite nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple and efficient single-step method in a specially made Swagelok cell at different temperatures. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, diffuse reflectance-UV−vis, Raman, TEM, HRTEM, and N2 adsorption−desorption methods. The carbon content in the samples can be varied with reaction time and temperature. It is evident from TEM analysis that the as-prepared samples are core−shell structures of TiO2, anatase phase, and C. The diameter of the TiO2@C nanoparticles is in the range of 15−35 nm. HRTEM results showed that a few graphitic layers were wrapped on the surface of TiO2, and these carbon layers are responsible for suppressing other phase formations of TiO2 even at high temperature. However, a few percentage points of the rutile phase are observed at high temperature (900 °C), evidenced from Raman analysis. The prepared samples were tested for their photochemical activities for 4-chlorophenol degradation. The sample prepared at 700 °C showed comparable activity for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol with that of Degussa P25. The photobleaching studies of methylene blue were also carried out under sunlight. It was found that the TiO2@C samples showed higher photocatalytic activity than Degussa P25.
Adaptive filtering using quantized output measurements (1998)

A normalized stochastic gradient adaptive filtering algorithm based on a finite impulse response (FIR) model is discussed. The algorithm identifies the system exactly, given only coarsely quantized output measurements. A description of the quantizer is included in the overall input-output model, and the scheme exploits an approximation of the derivative of the quantizer. Using an associated differential equation, global convergence is established to a zero output error (except for possible colored measurement disturbances) parameter setting or to the boundary of the model set.
Biogeography of European land mammals shows environmentally distinct and spatially coherent clusters (2007)

Abstract Aim To produce a spatial clustering of Europe on the basis of species occurrence data for the land mammal fauna. Location Europe defined by the following boundaries: 11°W, 32°E, 71°N, 35°N. Methods Presence/absence records of mammal species collected by the Societas Europaea Mammalogica with a resolution of 50 × 50 km were used in the analysis. After pre‐processing, the data provide information on 124 species in 2183 grid cells. The data were clustered using the k ‐means and probabilistic expectation maximization (EM) clustering algorithms. The resulting geographical pattern of clusters was compared against climate variables and against an environmental stratification of Europe based on climate, geomorphology and soil characteristics (EnS). Results The mammalian presence/absence data divide naturally into clusters, which are highly connected spatially and most strongly determined by the small mammals with the highest grid cell incidence. The clusters reflect major physiographic and environmental features and differ significantly in the values of basic climate variables. The geographical pattern is a fair match for the EnS stratification and is robust between non‐overlapping subsets of the data, such as trophic groups. Main conclusions The pattern of clusters is regarded as reflecting the spatial expression of biologically distinct, metacommunity‐like entities influenced by deterministic forces ultimately related to the physical environment. Small mammals give the most spatially coherent clusters of any subgroup, while large mammals show stronger relationships to climate variables. The spatial pattern is mainly due to small mammals with high grid cell incidence and is robust to noise from other subsets. The results support the use of spatially resolved environmental reconstructions based on fossil mammal data, especially when based on species with the highest incidence.
Supplementary Data 1 from CEP-32496: A Novel Orally Active BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> Inhibitor with Selective Cellular and <i>In Vivo</i> Antitumor Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 74K, CEP-32496 Supplemental Data.&lt;/p&gt;
3S (2016)

Detection of normal and anomalous events from sensor signal is a key necessity in today's smart world. Here, we propose a novel mechanism to classify normal and anomalous phenomena by using self-learning of signal, i.e., by discovering its pattern. This is the first step in the long drawn out analysis of signals. We demonstrate a prototype of our proposed method by using a real field quasi-periodic photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal with (or without) motion artifacts, which has an immense impact on cardiac health monitoring, stress, blood pressure, and SPO2 measurement. We have achieved more than 90% accuracy to detect anomalous phenomena in the signal.
Editorial -- APGV 2010 special issue (2010)

No abstract available.