gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charge granularity in single electron transistors with polysilicon gates (2012)

Low temperature electron transport measurements of single electron transistors fabricated in advanced CMOS technology with polysilicon gates not only exhibit clear Coulomb blockade behavior but also show a large number of additional conductance fluctuations in the nonlinear regime. By comparison with simulations these features are quantitatively attributed to the effects of discretely charged islands in the polysilicon gates.
Robotics-assisted rehabilitation therapy for the hands and wrists using force sensorless bilateral control with shadow and mirror mode (2015)

Recently, the robotic devices are used mainly as therapy aids in the rehabilitation process of a disabled persons. The robotic device are designed with applications of techniques to support the adaptive exercise possible. It can apply to repeat the process exercise as many times as you wish. Moreover, the data measurements of their improvement or decline can be analyzed through the sensors on the device. This paper proposes a specially designed force sensorless bilateral control based on Kalman-Filter Based State Observer (KFSO) for the hand and the wrist of the patient. By using KFSO, it can be applied to estimate a high bandwidth force sensation and good perception of an unknown environmental stiffness. Moreover, bilateral control based on the shadow mode and mirror mode is also proposed in order to improve human hand movement. To successfully implement neuro-recovery process, the mirror mode is proposed to help the brain into thinking the weaker hand or wrist is moving according to the stronger hand or wrist. With such a robust bilateral control scheme, significant high bandwidth haptic sensing in a rehabilitation robot can be achieved. The simulation results of the rehabilitation robot are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms.
Kibo: An Open-Source Fixed-Point Tool-kit for Training and Inference in FPGA-Based Deep Learning Networks (2018)

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become an essential component of the deep learning landscape, providing a balance between flexibility, customization, and efficiency. One of the key optimizations afforded by FPGA technology is the ability to customize the bit width of fixed-point weights and activations within deep learning networks. In this paper, we present an open-source tool-kit which allows a researcher to investigate different fixed-point representations and saturating arithmetic operations in Python. The tool-kit over-rides arithmetic and comparison functions commonly used in deep learning structures, allowing a researcher to quickly evaluate the impact of alternative numeric representations. Compared to higher-level frameworks such as Tensorflow or PyTorch, a much wider set of numeric precisions can be modeled. Unlike lower-level C-synthesis tools, our tool-kit is written in Python providing the ability to much more rapidly explore architectural alternatives. Our framework is open-source and is available on-line.
A predicate transformer approach to semantics of parallel programs (1989)

We present an extensional semantics for parallel programs based on predicate transformers.
Sphingolipid Storage Induces Accumulation of Intracellular Cholesterol by Stimulating SREBP-1 Cleavage (2003)

We showed previously that the intracellular transport of sphingolipids (SLs) is altered in SL storage disease fibroblasts, due in part to the secondary accumulation of free cholesterol. In the present study we examined the mechanism of cholesterol elevation in normal human skin fibroblasts induced by treatment with SLs. When cells were incubated with various natural SLs for 44 h, cholesterol levels increased 25-35%, and cholesterol esterification was reduced. Catabolism of the exogenous SLs was not required for elevation of cholesterol because (i) a non-hydrolyzable and a degradable SL analog elevated cellular cholesterol to similar extents, and (ii) incubation of cells with various SL catabolites, including ceramide, had no effect on cholesterol levels. Elevated cholesterol was derived primarily from low density lipoproteins (LDL) and resulted from up-regulation of LDL receptors induced by cleavage of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1. Upon SL treatment, cholesterol accumulated with exogenous SLs in late endosomes and lysosomes. These results suggest a model in which excess SLs present in endocytic compartments serve as a "molecular trap" for cholesterol, leading to a reduction in cholesterol at the endoplasmic reticulum, induction of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 cleavage, and up-regulation of LDL receptors.
The actin gene fromCryptococcus neoformans: structure and phylogenetic analysis (1995)

Using heterologous probing of a genomic library, we have cloned and sequenced the actin gene from the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. The actin gene is 1371 bp in length, and exists as a single copy, as is the case for all fungi studied to date. The locations of the introns in the C. neoformans actin gene are unique among all other known actin genes, and the deduced coding sequence results in a 375 amino acid chain with very high homology to other actins. A phylogenetic tree comprising 31 actin-coding sequences from a wide variety of organisms shows that the C. neoformans actin gene is grouped on a distinct branch together with all other known fungal actin sequences. The availability of the C. neoformans actin gene will aid future phylogenetic and molecular studies of this important human pathogen.
ChemInform Abstract: Elaboration of New Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids Containing a Dihydrofuran Unit. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Deep Neural Network Ensembles against Deception: Ensemble Diversity, Accuracy and Robustness (2019)

Ensemble learning is a methodology that integrates multiple DNN learners for improving prediction performance of individual learners. Diversity is greater when the errors of the ensemble prediction is more uniformly distributed. Greater diversity is highly correlated with the increase in ensemble accuracy. Another attractive property of diversity optimized ensemble learning is its robustness against deception: an adversarial perturbation attack can mislead one DNN model to misclassify but may not fool other ensemble DNN members consistently. In this paper we first give an overview of the concept of ensemble diversity and examine the three types of ensemble diversity in the context of DNN classifiers. We then describe a set of ensemble diversity measures, a suite of algorithms for creating diversity ensembles and for performing ensemble consensus (voted or learned) for generating high accuracy ensemble output by strategically combining outputs of individual members. This paper concludes with a discussion on a set of open issues in quantifying ensemble diversity for robust deep learning.
Closed-loop optical neural stimulation based on a 32-channel low-noise recording system with online spike sorting (2014)

A total processing time of 8 ms is achieved, suitable for optogenetic studies of brain mechanisms online.
Hetero-assembly of a dual β-amyloid variant peptide system (2018)

Self-assembly of amyloid polypeptides (1) imparts biological effects depending on the size in over 20 amyloid diseases and (2) produces useful yet relatively untapped biomaterials. Unfortunately, our understanding of amyloid polypeptides, as related to biomedical implications and biomaterial applications, is limited by their self-assembling nature. In this study, we report the creation of a dual peptide system, where a pair of β-amyloid (Aβ) variants are not self-assembled but hetero-assembled in the presence of their assembly partners. We provide evidence that the resulting hetero-assemblies share molecular, structural and morphological similarities with typical amyloid self-assemblies formed by a single polypeptide (e.g., Aβ). We anticipate that our dual peptide system may readily be adapted for precise control of amyloid assembly, for the study of size-dependent neurotoxicity and precise fabrication of amyloid biomaterials.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESES OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. CMLV. STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESES OF ANALGESICS. LV. SYNTHESIS OF 4A‐(3‐SUBSTITUTED PHENYL)1,2‐DISUBSTITUTED DECAHYDROCINNOLINE DERIVATIVES. 2 (1982)

Abstract Aus den 4a‐(3‐Benzyloxyphenyl)‐decahydrocinnolinen (I) werden durch Acylierung mit (II) die Acylderivate (III) hergestellt, die durch Reduktion mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid in die Verbindungen (IV) und weiter durch hydrierende Debenzylierung in die Phenole (V) übergeführt , werden.
Dynamic Topographical Control of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Culture on Responsive Poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) Surfaces (2011)

Poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) shape-memory polymer (SMP) microarrays are a novel means to investigate the effect of dynamic topography on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) morphology. The synthesis and characterization of oligo-precursors and PCL networks is described. The PCL surfaces demonstrate excellent surface shape-memory properties, minimal cytotoxicity, and excellent control over hMSC morphology.
Electronic Structure, Molecular Conformation and Reactivity of Benzonorbornadiene Systems (1976)

Abstract From the photoelectron spectra of benzonorbornadiene ( 1 ) and its 9‐isopropylidene derivative ( 2 ) the energy and an approximate wave function for the highest occupied orbitals is obtained. With these results the differential reactivity of the systems in Diels‐Alder additions with ‘inverse electron demand’ is discussed on the basis of frontier orbitals. For the ground state of 2 similar non‐bonded interactions between the isopropylidene unit and the double bond or the benzene ring are indicated. Conformational equilibria in 9‐aza derivatives of 1 are discussed in view of these findings.
Reconfigurable Protocol Sensing for Space-based Applications (2006)

In this paper, we present sensing performance using an architecture for a reconfigurable protocol chip for space-based applications . We examine three common framing standards and present the sensing performance of these standards and their decorrelation statistics. We also examine the impact over lossy links. Finally, we describe a process flow for development of this sensor mechanism
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopentane‐Nucleobase Coupling in the Synthesis of Carbocyclic L‐Nucleosides: Is a SN2‐Reaction an Alternative to the Mitsunobu‐Reaction ? (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Revision of the Absolute Configuration of Salicylihalamide A through Asymmetric Total Synthesis (2000)

Eine E-selektive Ringschluss-Metathese war der Schlüsselschritt beim Aufbau des Makrocyclus von (+)-Salicylihalamid A 1. Die Synthese führte zu einer Revision der Zuordnung der absoluten Konfiguration des natürlichen (−)-Salicylihalamids A 2, einer strukturell einzigartigen Substanz, deren Antitumorwirkung möglicherweise auf einem neuartigen Mechanismus beruht.
Pleiotropic Meta-Analysis of Cognition, Education, and Schizophrenia Differentiates Roles of Early Neurodevelopmental and Adult Synaptic Pathways (2019)

Abstract Liability to schizophrenia is inversely correlated with general cognitive ability at both the phenotypic and genetic level. Paradoxically, a modest but consistent positive genetic correlation has been reported between schizophrenia and educational attainment, despite the strong positive genetic correlation between cognitive ability and educational attainment. Here we leverage published GWAS in cognitive ability, education, and schizophrenia to parse biological mechanisms underlying these results. Association analysis based on subsets (ASSET), a pleiotropic meta-analytic technique, allowed jointly associated loci to be identified and characterized. Specifically, we identified subsets of variants associated in the expected (“Concordant”) direction across all three phenotypes (i.e., greater risk for schizophrenia, lower cognitive ability, and lower educational attainment); these were contrasted with variants demonstrating the counterintuitive (“Discordant”) relationship between education and schizophrenia (i.e., greater risk for schizophrenia and higher educational attainment). ASSET analysis revealed 235 independent loci associated with cognitive ability, education and/or schizophrenia at p&lt;5×10 −8 . Pleiotropic analysis successfully identified more than 100 loci that were not significant in the input GWASs, and many of these have been validated by larger, more recent single-phenotype GWAS. Leveraging the joint genetic correlations of cognitive ability, education, and schizophrenia, we were able to dissociate two distinct biological mechanisms: early neurodevelopmental pathways that characterize concordant allelic variation, and adulthood synaptic pruning pathways that were linked to the paradoxical positive genetic association between education and schizophrenia. Further, genetic correlation analyses revealed that these mechanisms contribute not only to the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia, but also to the broader biological dimensions that are implicated in both general health outcomes and psychiatric illness.
Crossing the Border between Laboratory and Field: Bacterial Quorum Quenching for Anti-Biofouling Strategy in an MBR (2016)

Quorum quenching (QQ) has recently been acknowledged to be a sustainable antifouling strategy and has been investigated widely using lab-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems. This study attempted to bring this QQ-MBR closer to potential practical application. Two types of pilot-scale QQ-MBRs with QQ bacteria entrapping beads (QQ-beads) were installed and run at a wastewater treatment plant, feeding real municipal wastewater to test the systems' effectiveness for membrane fouling control and thus the amount of energy savings, even under harsh environmental conditions. The rate of transmembrane pressure (TMP) build-up was significantly mitigated in QQ-MBR compared to that in a conventional-MBR. Consequently, QQ-MBR can substantially reduce energy consumption by reducing coarse bubble aeration without compromising the effluent water quality. The addition of QQ-beads to a conventional MBR substantially affected the EPS concentrations, as well as microbial floc size in the mixed liquor. Furthermore, the QQ activity and mechanical stability of QQ-beads were well maintained for at least four months, indicating QQ-MBR has good potential for practical applications.
Second harmonic generation from metamaterials strongly coupled to intersubband transitions in quantum wells. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Reclosing principle application on the low voltage side of distribution transformers (1991)

Field results of the reclosing principle application on the low voltage side of distribution transformers are presented. This work was carried out in order to assess the outage time reduction yielded by a recloser especially developed for this application. An adapted service based on standard molded case circuit breakers is described, as well as the series of tests performed on the prototype, both in the laboratory and in the field. Eight low voltage reclosers were installed on different distribution areas of the Mexican Utility (CFE), and the operational results obtained so far are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Parallel Logic Simulation of VLSI Systems (1995)

Design verification via simulation is an important component in the development of digital systems. However, with continuing increases in the capabilities of VLSI systems, the simulation task has become a significant bottleneck in the design process. As a result, researchers are attempting to exploit parallel processing techniques to improve the performance of VLSI logic simulation. This tutorial describes the current state-of-the-art in parallel logic simulation, including parallel simulation techniques, factors that impact simulation performance, performance results to date, and the directions currently being pursued by the research community.
Two Reaction Model of Interface Trap Annealing (1986)

Interface trap anneal kinetics have been studied using capacitance - voltage measurements and rapid thermal annealing. Power law kinetics have been obtained for aluminum gate devices. Anneal kinetics have been studied as a function of oxide thickness, anneal ambient, radiation damage, substrate orientation, bulk conductivity type, and temperature. A two - reaction model is proposed to explain the observed kinetics.
Drug-Driven AMPA Receptor Redistribution Mimicked by Selective Dopamine Neuron Stimulation (2010)

We propose the mesolimbic dopamine system as a point of convergence at which addictive drugs can alter neural circuits. We also show that direct activation of DA neurons is sufficient to drive AMPAR redistribution, which may be a mechanism associated with early steps of non-substance related addictions.
Rational Design Principle for Modulating Fluorescence Properties of Fluorescein-Based Probes by Photoinduced Electron Transfer (2003)

Fluorescence properties of fluorescein-based probes are shown to be finely controlled by the rate of photoinduced electron transfer from the benzoic acid moiety (electron donor) to the singlet excited state of the xanthene moiety (electron acceptor fluorophore). The occurrence of photoinduced electron transfer is clearly evidenced by transient absorption spectra showing bands due to the radical cation of the electron donor moiety and the radical anion of the xanthene moiety, observed in laser flash photolysis experiments. The photoinduced electron transfer rates and the rates of back electron transfer follow the Marcus parabolic dependence of electron transfer rate on the driving force. Such a dependence provides for the first time a quantitative basis for a rational design principle which has high efficiency in modulating fluorescence properties of fluorescein-based probes.
Synergistic Degradation of CV-1144-O Due to Ultraviolet Radiation and Heat (2006)

Nu-Sil’s CV-1144-O is a silicone-based co-polymer used on spacecraft in LEO. CV-1144 has been spin-coated onto platinum sputter coated silicon wafers, and simulated LEO experiments made to study degradation. First, samples were exposed to ultraviolet radiation from a deuterium lamp with no additional heating. Next, samples were heated to 100°C during which there was no radiation exposure. Finally, samples were exposed simultaneously to ultraviolet radiation and heating.Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE®) was used to determine optical constants from vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) to mid-infrared (IR). VUV SE data were analyzed to determine thickness and optical constant changes, while IR data provided bonding-chemistry information. Multi-sample analysis of optical data eliminated correlation when determining polymer optical constants and thickness.Heating alone did not alter optical properties. Small changes were seen when exposed to ultraviolet radiation alone. Significantly larger changes occurred when the sample was exposed to ultraviolet light while being heated. Results show that ultraviolet radiation breaks apart benzene rings in the co-polymer, a process enhanced by heating.
The Unique Structure of Haemophilus influenzae Protein E Reveals Multiple Binding Sites for Host Factors (2012)

Haemophilus influenzae protein E (PE) is a multifunctional adhesin involved in direct interactions with lung epithelial cells and host proteins, including plasminogen and the extracellular matrix proteins vitronectin and laminin. We recently crystallized PE and successfully collected X-ray diffraction data at 1.8 Å. Here, we solved the structure of a recombinant version of PE and analyzed different functional regions. It is a dimer in solution and in the asymmetric unit of the crystals. The dimer has a structure that resembles a flattened β-barrel. It is, however, not a true β-barrel, as there are differences in both the hydrogen-bonding pattern and the shape. Each monomer consisted of a 6-stranded antiparallel β-sheet with a rigid α-helix at the C terminus tethered to the concave side of the sheet by a disulfide bridge. The laminin/plasminogen binding region (residues 41 to 68) is exposed, while the vitronectin binding region (residues 84 to 108) is partially accessible in the dimer. The dimerized PE explains the simultaneous interaction with laminin and vitronectin. In addition, we found this unique adhesin to be present in many bacterial genera of the family Pasteurellaceae and also orthologues in other, unrelated species (Enterobacter cloacae and Listeria monocytogenes). Peptides corresponding to the surface-exposed regions PE 24 to 37, PE 74 to 89, and PE 134 to 156 were immunogenic in the mouse. Importantly, these peptide-based antibodies also recognized PE at the bacterial surface. Taken together, our detailed structure of PE explains how this important virulence factor of H. influenzae simultaneously interacts with host vitronectin, laminin, or plasminogen, promoting bacterial pathogenesis.
An Investigation of Diesel EGR Cooler Fouling and Effectiveness Recovery (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Diesel engine developers are continually striving to reduce harmful NOx emissions through various calibration and hardware strategies. One strategy being implemented in production Diesel engines involves utilizing cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Although there is a significant NOx reduction potential by utilizing cooled EGR, there are also several issues associated with it, such as EGR cooler fouling and a reduction in cooler effectiveness that can occur over time. The exact cause of these issues and many others related to cooler fouling are not clearly understood. One such unanswered issue or phenomenon that has been observed in both field tested and lab tested EGR coolers is that of a recovery in EGR cooler effectiveness after a shutdown or after cycling between various conditions. The purpose of the current work was to show that an effectiveness restoration or effectiveness recovery can occur in an EGR cooler that has been exposed to soot-laden exhaust gases, through changes in operating conditions, with specific emphasis on exposure to high condensation conditions. The work was conducted on a multi-cylinder diesel engine using a shell and tube EGR cooler, with independent control over temperature, flow rate, and EGR soot/HC concentrations. The effectiveness recovery demonstrated in this work was likely caused by morphological changes of the soot layer, rather than actual cleaning or removal of the soot layer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;