gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyimide backed 40-MHz PVDF transducers (2006)

Single-element focused PVDF transducers are widely used for high-frequency (> 30 MHz) ultrasound imaging because of their broad bandwidth (BW) and ease of fabrication. A method of fabricating high-frequency transducers (both single element and annular arrays) using a copper-clad polyimide (CCP) film epoxy-bonded to PVDF is presented here. To validate this fabrication technique, single-element PVDF (9-µ mt hick) transducers and an annular array with five rings were assem- bled. Transducer performance was compared quantitatively by measuring center frequency, fractional -6-dB BW and two-way insertion loss (IL). BW and IL were measured from pulse- echo signals from a quartz plate positioned at the geometric focus. CCP backed transducer B-mode images of mouse embryos, acquired using a custom ultrasound backscatter microscope, were of equivalent quality as standard single element PVDF transducers.
Time Orientation and Multi-Tasking (2004)

The concept of time orientation that classifies people as monochrons (M) or polychrons (P) is not new. Hall has extensively discussed time orientation differences among differing cultures. However, time orientation has not been explicit in the humanmachine systems literature. Two experiments are presented in this paper. The first shows the effect of time orientation on human performance in a dual process control task. Polychrons switched more often between the two processes and had significantly better performance overall. The second experiment was a means to understand the underlying differences between monochrons and polychrons and it showed that there were no differences between M and P in the cognitive style analysis, perception, judgement and memory tests. However, there were differences between the two groups in the attention test. Overall, the concept of time orientation seems to be quite promising as an individual difference characteristic. Copyright © 2004 IFAC
OSPFv2 Extensions for Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) (2018)

Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) is an architecture that provides
multicast forwarding through a without requiring
intermediate routers to maintain multicast related per-flow state.
Neither does BIER require an explicit tree-building protocol for its
operation. A multicast data packet enters a BIER domain at a Bit-
Forwarding Ingress Router (BFIR), and leaves the BIER domain at one
or more Bit-Forwarding Egress Routers (BFERs). The BFIR router adds
a BIER header to the packet. Such header contains a bit-string in
which each bit represents exactly one BFER to forward the packet to.
The set of BFERs to which the multicast packet needs to be forwarded
is expressed by the according set of bits set in BIER packet header.
This document describes the OSPF [RFC2328] protocol extension required
for BIER with MPLS encapsulation [RFC8296]. Support for other
encapsulation types is outside thescope of this document. The use of
multiple encapsulation types is outside the scope of this document.
Immunodominant Linear B-Cell Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike, Identified by Sera from K18-hACE2 Mice Infected with the WT or Variant Viruses (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 surface spike protein mediates the viral entry into the host cell and represents the primary immunological target of COVID-19 vaccines as well as post-exposure immunotherapy. Establishment of the highly immunogenic B-cell epitope profile of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in general, and that of the spike protein in particular, may contribute to the development of sensitive diagnostic tools and identification of vaccine` candidate targets. In the current study, the anti-viral antibody response in transgenic K18-hACE-2 mice was examined by implementing an immunodominant epitope mapping approach of the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Serum samples for probing an epitope array covering the entire spike protein were collected from mice following infection with the original SARS-CoV-2 strain as well as the B.1.1.7 Alpha and B.1.351 Beta genetic variants of concern. The analysis resulted in distinction of six linear epitopes common to the humoral response against all virus variants inspected at a frequency of more than 20% of the serum samples. Finally, the universality of the response was probed by cross-protective in vitro experiments using plaque-reducing neutralization tests. The data presented here has important implications for prediction of the efficacy of immune countermeasures against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Peptide‐Enhanced Selective Surface Deposition of Polymer‐Based Fragrance Delivery Systems (2016)

Surface deposition is a critical step in the application of fragrance‐containing products. This contribution presents a novel strategy to enhance the deposition of polymer‐based fragrance delivery systems onto cotton substrates from the application medium using phage display identified peptides. Following the identification of cotton binding peptide ligands under fabric softening conditions via phage display, the strongest binding peptide ligand is incorporated into two model polymer‐based fragrance delivery systems, viz., polymer profragrances and polymer nanoparticles. The model polymer profragrance used is a linear, water soluble poly( N ‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) conjugate, while poly(styrene‐ co ‐acrylic acid) (PS‐ co ‐PAA) nanoparticles prepared via miniemulsion polymerization are chosen as the second model system. The incorporation of the cotton binding peptide ligand into these fragrance delivery systems enhances their surface deposition two‐ to three‐fold, as evidenced by fluorescence intensity measurements. In the case of the fragrance‐containing PS‐ co ‐PAA nanoparticles, the enhanced surface deposition also translates into an increased fragrance release from the cotton surface according to dynamic headspace sampling measurements.
Creation and preclinical evaluation of genetically attenuated malaria parasites arresting growth late in the liver (2022)

Whole-sporozoite (WSp) malaria vaccines induce protective immune responses in animal malaria models and in humans. A recent clinical trial with a WSp vaccine comprising genetically attenuated parasites (GAP) which arrest growth early in the liver (PfSPZ-GA1), showed that GAPs can be safely administered to humans and immunogenicity is comparable to radiation-attenuated PfSPZ Vaccine. GAPs that arrest late in the liver stage (LA-GAP) have potential for increased potency as shown in rodent malaria models. Here we describe the generation of four putative P. falciparum LA-GAPs, generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene deletion. One out of four gene-deletion mutants produced sporozoites in sufficient numbers for further preclinical evaluation. This mutant, PfΔmei2, lacking the mei2-like RNA gene, showed late liver growth arrest in human liver-chimeric mice with human erythrocytes, absence of unwanted genetic alterations and sensitivity to antimalarial drugs. These features of PfΔmei2 make it a promising vaccine candidate, supporting further clinical evaluation. PfΔmei2 (GA2) has passed regulatory approval for safety and efficacy testing in humans based on the findings reported in this study.
A Phase II Study of Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy for Human Papillomavirus–associated Epithelial Cancers (2018)

These findings support the concept that cellular therapy can mediate the regression of epithelial cancers, and they suggest the importance of predictive biomarkers and novel treatment platforms for more effective therapies.
Influencing Factors on Nugget Formation during Multipoint Welding by Single Side Resistance Spot Welding (2016)

Recently, weight reduction and improvement of crashworthiness of auto bodies have been important issues.At the same time, stiffness of auto bodies is also needed to ensure a smooth ride.Using hollow parts, such as bended pipes and hydroformed parts, is one of the solutions to the demand for both rigidity and light weight.To weld hollow parts and sheet panels together, welding methods which allow us to access from one side are required.Single side resistance spot welding (single side RSW) process is one of those, and has recently been attracting attention.However, because of the long current path and small electrode force, it is difficult to concentrate the electric current in the welding spot compared with conventional direct resistance spot welding (direct RSW).Furthermore, in multipoint welding, shunt current will occur easily, and the nugget formation will be inhibited.To obtain a guideline for making sound nuggets, influencing factors for shunt current were investigated.And a numerical study was carried out to discuss the difference between direct RSW and single side RSW.According to the CAE analysis, the shunt current of single-side RSW will be higher rate than direct RSW.The rate of shunt current was influenced by the electrical resistance of its current path.For this reason, with shorter distance between welding points, or with lower electrical resistance of material, it is difficult to get large nuggets.By enhancing the electrical resistance of shunt current path, shunt current could be reduced and a larger nugget would be obtained.
Accurate DOP monitoring of several WDM channels for simultaneous PMD compensation (2004)

We demonstrate averaged-DOP monitoring of WDM channels for simultaneous PMD compensation. We achieve a significant power penalty reduction > 10 dB using this scheme. The 2%-worst-case compensated performance of averaged-BER is improved by two orders of magnitude.
Salvage-Targeted Kidney Cancer Therapy in Patients Progressing on High-Dose Interleukin-2 Immunotherapy (2013)

Patients selected for high-dose IL-2 based on UCLA CPM criteria and treated with salvage-targeted therapy upon progression have achieved outstanding disease-specific survival. Our data suggest a new algorithm for carefully selected patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma based on UCLA CPM criteria to receive first-line high-dose IL-2 while reserving their option for salvage-targeted therapy with uncompromised efficacy upon progression.
New Conjugated meso‐Tetrafluorenylporphyrin‐Cored Derivatives as Fluorescent Two‐Photon Photosensitizers for Singlet Oxygen Generation (2016)

A series of three conjugated meso-porphyrin dendrimers containing conjugated dendrons featuring 2,7-fluorenyl groups, incorporating overall 8, 12, or 28 fluorenyl units have been synthesized and characterized. The photophysical properties of these new compounds were studied in the context of photodynamic therapy. The relevant linear and nonlinear optical properties were measured in organic media and useful structure-properties relationships were derived.
Daxx Represses Expression of a Subset of Antiapoptotic Genes Regulated by Nuclear Factor-κB (2006)

Daxx is a nuclear protein that localizes to PML oncogenic domains, sensitizes cells to apoptosis, and functions as a transcriptional repressor. We found that Daxx represses the expression of several antiapoptotic genes regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB, including cIAP2, in human tumor cell lines. Daxx interacts with RelB and inhibits RelB-mediated transcriptional activation of the human cIAP2 gene promoter. Daxx also forms complexes with RelB while bound to its target sites in the cIAP2 promoter, as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments. Using cells from daxx-/- mouse embryos, we observed that levels of the corresponding murine c-IAP mRNA and protein are increased in cells lacking Daxx. Conversely, c-IAP mRNA and protein levels were reduced in relB-/- cells. Taken together, these observations provide a mechanism that links two previously ascribed functions of Daxx: transcriptional repression and sensitization to apoptosis.
Area, reconfiguration delay and reliability trade-offs in designing reliable multi-mode FIR filters (2011)

Wide range of digital systems from wireless devices to multi-media terminals are characterized by their multi-mode behavior. Many of these systems are deployed in high-radiation environments [5]. SRAM-based FPGAs are popular platforms to implement multi-mode systems, because of their high performance and reconfigurability. However, high susceptibility of FPGAs toward Soft Errors makes them less-than-reliable platforms. To overcome the reliability issue, various redundancy techniques have been proposed. These techniques exhibit different design and reliability characteristics. Considering the combined effect of design decisions and reliability techniques on system characteristics a coherent strategy should be devised to meet system requirements and constraints. In this work we propose a method to explore the design space for implementing a reliable multi-mode system. As we will show, different selections of design parameters and redundancy techniques generate a range of solutions which trade-off total area, reconfiguration overhead and reliability of the system. The choice of a specific solution remains a decision made by the system-designer.
Exclusive electrical determination of high-resistance grain-boundaries in poly-graphene (2012)

Single layer graphene (SLG), with high optical transparency and electrical conductivity, may potentially be used as flexible transparent electrode in photovoltaics, photo detectors, and flat panel displays. While its optical transmittance exceeds 95% (significantly better than most traditional materials), its sheet resistance (ρ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">poly-G</sub> ) must be reduced below 10-20Ω/□ for viable replacement of present Transparent Conducting Oxides (TCOs) like Indium doped Tin Oxide (ITO). However, large scale CVD SLG is typically polycrystalline, consisting of many grains, with neighboring grains separated by high- and low-resistance grain boundaries (HGB and LGB), see Fig. 1 and 7. The HGBs severely limit the (percolating) electronic transport, so that ρ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">poly-G</sub> >; 1000Ω/□. It is therefore important to determine the electronic nature and fraction of HGB to improve transport in polycrystalline SLG.
Exploring the State-of-Receptivity for mHealth Interventions (2019)

Recent advancements in sensing techniques for mHealth applications have led to successful development and deployments of several mHealth intervention designs, including Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAI). JITAIs show great potential because they aim to provide the right type and amount of support, at the right time. Timing the delivery of a JITAI such as the user is receptive and available to engage with the intervention is crucial for a JITAI to succeed. Although previous research has extensively explored the role of context in users' responsiveness towards generic phone notifications, it has not been thoroughly explored for actual mHealth interventions. In this work, we explore the factors affecting users' <i>receptivity</i> towards JITAIs. To this end, we conducted a study with 189 participants, over a period of 6 weeks, where participants received interventions to improve their physical activity levels. The interventions were delivered by a chatbot-based digital coach - Ally - which was available on Android and iOS platforms. We define several metrics to gauge receptivity towards the interventions, and found that (1) several participant-specific characteristics (age, personality, and device type) show significant associations with the overall participant receptivity over the course of the study, and that (2) several contextual factors (day/time, phone battery, phone interaction, physical activity, and location), show significant associations with the participant receptivity, in-the-moment. Further, we explore the relationship between the effectiveness of the intervention and receptivity towards those interventions; based on our analyses, we speculate that being receptive to interventions helped participants achieve physical activity goals, which in turn motivated participants to be more receptive to future interventions. Finally, we build machine-learning models to detect receptivity, with up to a 77% increase in F1 score over a biased random classifier.
Optimal replica control protocols for ring networks (2003)

Distributed computing environments are expected to offer highly available services. Replication of data is one of the main techniques used to achieve this goal. Protocols that achieve optimal performance in replicating data for ring networks are discussed. Coteries, proposed by H. Garcia-Molina and D. Barbara (1985), provide the most general framework for analyzing static pessimistic protocols. It is shown that a simple voting scheme, a very small class of the coterie scheme, provides optimal performance for several variations of the ring interconnection topology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Correlation Study between a New Interferometric Asphere Metrology System and Fizeau Interferometer (2007)

Recent developments in next generation disc technology, cameras in mobile phones, zoom-lenses for small digital cameras and camcorders, digital SLRs, and television cameras have amplified the demand for affordable optical systems with outstanding image quality, a combination that can only be achieved using aspheric surfaces. The metrology of aspheric surfaces is a classical problem, but solutions so far have not fulfilled all demands for system cost, TACT (Total Average Cycle Time), minimized tooling, measurement uncertainty, spatial resolution, robustness in a production environment and many more. Zygo Corp. presents here a new method [1,2] for measurement of rotationally symmetrical aspheric surfaces using a new commercial system, which has the potential to fulfill these industry requirements. During measurement, the surface is scanned along its symmetry axis in a Fizeau cavity with a spherical reference surface. The coordinates x,y,z at the (moving) zone of normal incidence are derived from simultaneous phase-measurements at the apex and zone. Phase-shifting Fizeau interferometry and displacement interferometry are combined in the new commercial system to realize this new method. Aspheric departure from a best-fitsphere approaching 800 microns can be measured, and absolute measurement is possible with an absolutely calibrated transmission sphere. A custom parabolic artifact is measured with conventional null Fizeau interferometry and by the new commercial system. Data is reported for each technique along with a difference map achieved by fiducialized data subtract where 32.0 nm peak-to-valley (PV) and 3.6 nm R.M.S. are achieved.
Point of View (2009)

From the Rush-Presbyterian, St. Lukes Medical Center, Chicago, IL. The device(s)/drug(s) is/are FDA-approved or approved by corresponding national agency for this indication. No funds were received in support of this work. No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Frank M. Phillips, MD, Rush-Presbyterian, St. Lukes Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison St, Suite 1063, Chicago, IL 60612; E-mail: [email protected]
A mild, expedient, solventless synthesis of bis(indolyl)alkanes using silica sulfuric acid as a reusable catalyst (2006)

Silica sulfuric acid (SSA) was found to be a mild, efficient and reusable solid acid catalyst in electrophilic substitution reaction of indoles with carbonyl compounds to afford the corresponding bis(indolyl)alkanes in excellent yields under solvent-free conditions.
Distributed transverse-force sensing along a single-mode fiber using polarization-analyzing OFDR (2020)

We report what we believe to be the first demonstration of a direct distributed transverse-force (TF) sensing along a single-mode fiber (SMF) using a self-built polarization-analyzing optical frequency-domain reflectometry (PA-OFDR). The transverse line-force (TLF) distribution along a SMF can be directly obtained from the absolute measurement of birefringence induced by the TF via photo-elastic effect at different locations along the fiber, without the need of complicated force-to-strain conversion. We show that our system is capable of sensing a weight of merely 0.68 g but yet has a large dynamic range of over 44 dB. In particular, we obtained a maximum detectable TLF of 16.8 N/mm, a minimum detectable TLF of 6.61×10<sup>-4</sup> N/mm, a TLF measurement uncertainty of <2.432%, a TF sensing spatial resolution of 3.7 mm and a TF sensing distance of 103.5 m. We also experimentally investigated the influence of different fiber coatings on the TF sensing and found that the polyimide coating is a better choice due to its high TF measurement sensitivity and response speed, although it induces relatively high residual birefringence in the SMF to limit the minimum detectable TLF. Our work is an important step forward for practical distributed TF sensing and shall prove useful for engineers and scientists to implement the PA-OFDR technology for distributed TF sensing with low cost SMFs.
Data from Long-Acting Recombinant Human Interleukin-7, NT-I7, Increases Cytotoxic CD8 T Cells and Enhances Survival in Mouse Glioma Models (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) are treated with radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ). These treatments may cause prolonged systemic lymphopenia, which itself is associated with poor outcomes. NT-I7 is a long-acting IL7 that expands CD4 and CD8 T-cell numbers in humans and mice. We tested whether NT-I7 prevents systemic lymphopenia and improves survival in mouse models of GBM.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;C57BL/6 mice bearing intracranial tumors (GL261 or CT2A) were treated with RT (1.8 Gy/day × 5 days), TMZ (33 mg/kg/day × 5 days), and/or NT-I7 (10 mg/kg on the final day of RT). We followed the mice for survival while serially analyzing levels of circulating T lymphocytes. We assessed regulatory T cells (T&lt;sub&gt;reg&lt;/sub&gt;) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment, cervical lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus, and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;GBM tumor–bearing mice treated with RT+NT-I7 increased T lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen, enhanced IFNγ production, and decreased T&lt;sub&gt;regs&lt;/sub&gt; in the tumor which was associated with a significant increase in survival. NT-I7 also enhanced central memory and effector memory CD8 T cells in lymphoid organs and tumor. Depleting CD8 T cells abrogated the effects of NT-I7. Furthermore, NT-I7 treatment decreased progenitor cells in the bone marrow.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;In orthotopic glioma-bearing mice, NT-I7 mitigates RT-related lymphopenia, increases cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes systemically and in the tumor, and improves survival. A phase I/II trial to evaluate NT-I7 in patients with high-grade gliomas is ongoing (NCT03687957).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;