gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Cholinergic Contractions of Rat Ileum by Tropane-Type Alkaloids Present in Schizanthus hookeri (2013)

The relative lack of specificity of atropine as a competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors is a frequent cause of undesirable parasympathetic side effects. Consequently, new tropane alkaloids with potentially greater selectivity are usually seen with real interest. The cholinergic antagonistic effects of a purified mixture of tropane alkaloids extracted from Schizanthus hookeri were evaluated in rat ileum. For this purpose, ileal segments were obtained from randomly selected male Sprague-Dawley rats, and the effect of 1 x 10(-4), 1 x 10(-3), and 1 x 10(-2) mg/mL of the purified mixture of alkaloids on the contractile response of the ileum induced with increasing doses of carbachol (5 x 10(-8) - 10(-4) M) was determined. The results were compared with those obtained in the presence of 3.46 x 10(-7), 3.46 x 10(-6), and 3.46 x 10(-5) mg/mL atropine as an agonist. Tropane alkaloids extracted from Schizanthus hookeri competitively antagonized acetylcholine muscarinic receptors.
[Second phase 99mTc-HMDP accumulation using three phase bone scintigraphy in a case of primary breast cancer]. (1996)

Accumulation of 99mTc-HMDP was recognized by three-phase bone scintigraphy in a case of primary breast cancer. A 67-year-old female was found to have a 14 x 13 mm mass in the upper lateral area of the left breast. At operation the histopathological finding was a proven solid-tubular carcinoma. On the first phase images, there was no abnormal accumulation in the tumor. On the second phase images, there was abnormal accumulation in the tumor, however, abnormal accumulation was observed followed by a decrease in accumulation. The third phase image showed no abnormal extra-skeletal accumulation. Color Doppler ultrasound sonography showed an abundance of color signals within the breast tumor. Increased 99mTc-HMDP accumulation in the second phase image might reflect tumor hypervascularization. It is concluded that three-phase bone scintigraphy using 99mTc-HMDP has the ability of positive description in primary breast cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiol‐Disulfide Interchange (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Mechanical Model for Collagen Fibril Load Sharing in Peripheral Nerve of Diabetic and Nondiabetic Rats (2004)

Peripheral neuropathy affects approximately 50% of the 15 million Americans with diabetes. It has been suggested that mechanical effects related to collagen glycation are related to the permanence of neuropathy. In the present paper, we develop a model for load transfer in a whole nerve, using a simple pressure vessel approximation, in order to assess the significant of stiffening of the collagenous nerve sheath on endoneurial fluid pressure. We also develop a fibril-scale mechanics model for the nerve, to model the straightening of wavy fibrils, producing the toe region observed in nerve tissue, and also to interrogate the effects of interfibrillar crosslinks on the overall properties of the tissue. Such collagen crosslinking has been implicated in complications in diabetic tissues. Our fibril-scale model uses a two-parameter Weibull model for fibril strength, in combination with statistical parameters describing fibril modulus, angle, wave-amplitude, and volume fraction to capture both toe region and failure region behavior of whole rat sciatic nerve. The extrema of equal and local load-sharing assumptions are used to map potential differences in diabetic and nondiabetic tissues. This work may ultimately be useful in differentiating between the responses of normal and heavily crosslinked tissue.
Comparative Study of Techno-Economics of Lithium-Ion and Lead-Acid Batteries in Micro-Grids in Sub-Saharan Africa (2019)

Microgrids stand to play an important role in expanding electricity access in Sub-Saharan Africa. Batteries, which are often a core element of micro-grids, represent a substantial portion of the capital cost and are therefore an important component of developing sustainable business models for micro-grid deployment. As a result, understanding key considerations for selecting a battery type and operating it effectively are foundational for taking micro-grid growth to scale across the sub-continent. While batteries have been deployed in many systems worldwide over the past few decades, unanswered questions remain on how best to apply them to the context of off-grid micro-grids in Sub-Saharan Africa. Building on analytical work with developers in Sub-Saharan Africa and tools at NREL, this report investigates battery techno-economics and optimal operation in micro-grids, including evaluating criteria to decide between deploying lead acid or lithium-ion batteries, discussing key design considerations for the enclosures that house the batteries, and how to effectively condition the enclosure.
Theory and simulation of quasi-phase matched acceleration of electrons in a corrugated plasma channel (2012)

A laser pulse propagating in an axially corrugated plasma channel is composed of spatial harmonics whose phase velocities can be subluminal. The phase velocity of a spatial harmonic can be matched to the speed of relativistic electrons, resulting in direct acceleration by the guided laser field and linear energy gain over the interaction length. Here we examine the fully self-consistent interaction of the laser pulse and electron beam using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. For low electron beam densities, we find that the ponderomotive force of the laser pulse pushes plasma channel electrons toward the propagation axis, which can deflect the beam electrons. When the beam density is high, the space charge force of the beam drives the channel electrons off axis, providing collimation of the beam. In addition, we consider a ramped density profile for lowering the threshold energy for trapping by a subluminal spatial harmonic. By using a density ramp, the trapping energy for a normalized vector potential of a0 = 0.1 is reduced from a relativistic factor γ0 = 170 to γ0 = 20.
Lithium Ion Batteries for Space Applications (2007)

Interplanetary missions require rechargeable batteries with unique performance characteristics: high specific energy, wide operating temperatures, demonstrated reliability, and safety. Li-ion batteries are fast becoming the most common energy storage solution for these missions, as they are able to meet the more demanding technical specifications without being excessively massive. At JPL, we have undertaken materials development studies on both cathodes and electrolytes with the goal of further enhancing battery specific energy, discharge and charge capability, and functional temperature range. Results of these studies are described below.
Glossiness of colored papers and its application to specular glossiness measuring instruments (1997)

The glossiness of paper and painted objects is one of the important factors in the evaluation of their manufactured quality. Although the gloss of specimens is judged visually in quality control, specular glossiness measuring instruments now offer a replacement for visual evaluation. However, in evaluation of glossiness in a group consisting of specimens of different colors, the specular glossiness measuring instrument has certain deficiencies, as a result of which the measured glossiness values are not proportional to human evaluations of glossiness (psychological glossiness); however, the instrument is suitable to a group consisting of specimens of similar color. Thus, research intended to obtain suitable measurements of physical glossiness for colored specimens was undertaken. First, an attempt was made to approximate the gloss appearance perceived by the human eye by using a model of the intensity distribution of the light reflected from a specimen surface. Utilizing the obtained gloss appearance, a new physical glossiness is defined and is provisionally named “specular diffusion ratio glossiness” (GSD): The new glossiness is shown to be nearly proportional to the psychological glossiness by the use of the glossiness measuring apparatus developed in this study. In the latter half of this paper, the application of the new glossiness index GSD to currently used specular glossiness measuring instruments is proposed, and its utility is confirmed by using various colored papers. Finally, problems for future research are identified. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn. 28 (1): 95–112, 1997
Distance dependency of exciton coupled circular dichroism using turn and helical peptide spacers (2003)

Porphyrins are promising chromophores for the investigation of the still unexplored area of 3-dimensional structural studies of proteins by using the exciton coupled circular dichroism (CD) method. The synthesis, conformational characterization by FTIR absorption and (1)H-NMR, and CD properties are described for a model bis-porphyrin system based on homooligo-[L-(alphaMe)Val](n) peptides as rigid spacers. In particular, the coupled CD phenomenon is experimentally detected, the intensity of which is modulated by the interchromophoric distance. These results extend and integrate those already reported with steroid, dimeric steroid, and brevetoxin bridges.
Preparation and spectral properties of lipophilic fluorescein derivatives: application to plasma low-density lipoprotein (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and spectral properties of lipophilic fluorescein derivatives: application to plasma low-density lipoproteinJ. R. Falck, Monty Krieger, J. L. Goldstein, and M. S. BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 24, 7396–7398Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00414a087https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00414a087research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A contribution to laser range imaging technology (1991)

The goal of the project was to develop a methodology for fusion of a Laser Range Imaging Device (LRID) and camera data. Our initial work in the project led to the conclusion that none of the LRID's that were available were sufficiently adequate for this purpose. Thus we spent the time and effort on the development of the new LRID with several novel features which elicit the desired fusion objectives. In what follows, we describe the device developed and built under contract. The Laser Range Imaging Device (LRID) is an instrument which scans a scene using a laser and returns range and reflection intensity data. Such a system would be extremely useful in scene analysis in industry and space applications. The LRID will be eventually implemented on board a mobile robot. The current system has several advantages over some commercially available systems. One improvement is the use of X-Y galvonometer scanning mirrors instead of polygonal mirrors present in some systems. The advantage of the X-Y scanning mirrors is that the mirror system can be programmed to provide adjustable scanning regions. For each mirror there are two controls accessible by the computer. The first is the mirror position and the second is a zoom factor which modifies the amplitude of the position of the parameter. Another advantage of the LRID is the use of a visible low power laser. Some of the commercial systems use a higher intensity invisible laser which causes safety concerns. By using a low power visible laser, not only can one see the beam and avoid direct eye contact, but also the lower intensity reduces the risk of damage to the eye, and no protective eyeware is required.
Role of mutations G-480 and C-6203 in the attenuation phenotype of Sabin type 1 poliovirus (1995)

Of the 55 point mutations which distinguish the type 1 poliovirus vaccine strain (Sabin 1) from its neurovirulent progenitor (P1/Mahoney), two have been strongly implicated by previous studies as determinants of the attenuation phenotype. A change of an A to a G at position 480, located within the 5' noncoding region, has been suggested to be the major attenuating mutation, analogous to the mutations at positions 481 and 472 in poliovirus types 2 and 3, respectively. In addition, the change of a U to a C at position 6203, resulting in an amino acid change in the polymerase protein 3D, has also been implicated as a determinant of attenuation, albeit to a lesser extent. To assess the contributions of these mutations to attenuation and temperature sensitivity, reciprocal changes were generated at these positions in infectious cDNA clones of Sabin 1 and P1/Mahoney. Assays in tissue culture and primates indicated that the two mutations make some contribution to the temperature sensitivity of the Sabin 1 strain but that neither is a strong determinant of attenuation.
Table based performance evaluation for HIPERLAN/2 systems - a multi-parameter design (2005)

This paper studies how to estimate the packet error rate (PER) of a HIPERLAN/2 link without using detailed link-level simulations. This is useful mainly for speeding up system-level simulations. An extension to MIMO is also considered. Two different 2D lookup table methods are evaluated, that take both the empirical mean sub-carrier quality across the frequencies and the frequency variability into account. Numerical validations show that these new methods are able to estimate the average PER more accurately than using a traditional 1D mapping. It is shown that these PER estimation methods are critical when characterizing the performance of MIMO transmission schemes where the frequency properties of the effective channel may deviate significantly from the SISO case.
Serious Injury in Very-Low and Very-High Speed Rear Impacts (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The objective of this study was to analyze rear crashes for the risk of serious injury (AIS 3+) by delta V. Rear impacts were analyzed for occupants sitting in front seats of light vehicles. Data was obtained from NASS-CDS for calendar years 1991-2004. Tow-away crashes with ≤15 mph rear delta V account for 67% of rear impacts and 15% of serious injury. Even for crashes &amp;lt;30 mph delta V, the risk for serious injury is only 0.24% (less than 1 per 420 exposed occupants). Risks increase for higher delta Vs.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Individual cases in the 1997-2004 NASS-CDS electronic database were reviewed for serious injury in crashes with ≤15 mph delta V and ≥35 mph for light vehicles with calendar year &amp;gt;1996 to better understand injury mechanisms. Nine cases were available where a front-seat occupant was seriously injured in ≤15 mph rear delta V impact. Most cases involved older occupants, some of whom had stenosis of the cervical spine. These occupants experienced spinal cord injury and paralysis with or without fracture of the cervical spine. Frailty of the cervical spine was a factor in the very-low speed crash injuries.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;There were 28 occupants in 26 crashes with serious injury at delta V ≥35 mph. In 7 of the cases, the most serious injury was to the cervical spine. Intrusion of rear structures was common leading to the front-seat occupant being supported upright or being pushed forward causing serious injury. Intrusion forces were associated with the injury. In the most severe rear crashes, rearward rotation of the seatback was not a factor in the occupant's injury as the early occurrence of intrusion limited seatback rotation.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This analysis has identified a class of seriously injured occupants in very-low speed rear crashes. Advanced age and degeneration of the cervical spinal canal can lead to spinal cord injury and paralysis in crashes otherwise not causing serious injury in normal adults. Yielding seats diminish the risk of cervical injury in frail occupants. Use of stiffer seats would increase the risk of injury in occupants with spinal stenosis. The very-high speed crashes involved substantial intrusion, which occurred early in the crash and supported the seatback from rotating rearward. The collision forces and intrusion were associated with injury to front-seat occupants.&lt;/div&gt;
Infection of canine mononuclear leucocytes by measles virus: possible mechanism of protection from canine distemper (1981)

Measles virus was shown to be infectious to canine lymphocytes from peripheral blood as well as from different lymphoid tissues, and the same held true for canine macrophage cultures prepared from peripheral blood. The susceptibility of these leucocytes to measles virus was comparable with that of canine distemper virus. These observations supported the suggestion that interference with canine distemper virus by measles could be a possible mechanism of the heterotypic immunity observed in dogs.
Definition of a lamina propria T cell responsive state. Enhanced cytokine responsiveness of T cells stimulated through the CD2 pathway. (1995)

This study was designed to compare cytokine release in lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) and PBLs activated by Abs against CD3, CD2, and CD28. LPL T cells were significantly more responsive to CD2 ligation than PBL, as determined by release of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, and TNF-alpha. Moreover, CD28 co-ligation in LPLs exaggerated CD2 > CD3 dominance in cytokine induction. PHA-activated PBLs expressed more CD2 receptors than freshly isolated LPLs, but were less responsive to activation through CD2, indicating that postreceptor pathways in LPL may be adapted specifically to facilitate CD2-mediated cytokine secretion. Antiphosphotyrosine (APT) immunoblotting revealed inducible substrate phosphorylation during CD2, but not CD3, ligation in whole LPLs, as well as LPL-derived T cell lines. PBLs cocultured with an irradiated B cell line, Daudi, and IL-2 for 5 days attained a CD2-dominant cytokine-secretion pattern with identical tyrosine phosphorylation profiles as freshly isolated LPL or LPL T cell lines. PHA-activated PBLs did not produce these tyrosine phosphorylation profiles. This suggests that B lymphocytes in the lamina propria may contribute to a T cell differentiation process in which CD2, possibly by potentiation of its postreceptor pathway, becomes a prominent receptor for induction of cytokine secretion.
Structural Transitions in Fibers of Bent-Core Liquid Crystals from Field-Theory Monte Carlo Simulations (2016)

Fibers of bent-core liquid crystals present an internal structure of a rolled smectic layer and can be used as optical waveguides. We used a field-theoretical Monte Carlo simulation to analyze the internal configuration of such fibers as a function of the radial coordinate and to study their equilibrium sates. In contrast to previous studies, we analyzed the fully nonlinear model proposed in [Bailey et al., Phys. Rev. E, 2007, 75, 031701] and revised in [Pérez-Ortiz et al., Phys. Rev. E, 2011, 84, 011701]. We found that, due to the non-differentiable character of such model, the Euler-Lagrange equations are not able to find all equilibrium states. Our Monte Carlo procedure identified both differentiable and non-differentiable equilibria and first order transitions between them. In all cases, the equilibrium states show inhomogenous configurations that display a boundary layer. This methodology can by applied to other models of liquid crystals that have more degrees of freedom, including those with non-differentiable minima. The equilibrium structures found can be used as inputs to model the transmission of light along the liquid crystal fibers.
I5M: 3D widefield light microscopy with better than 100 nm axial resolution (1999)

Sevenfold improved axial resolution has been achieved in three-dimensional widefield fluorescence microscopy, using a novel interferometric technique in which the sample is observed and/or illuminated from both sides simultaneously using two opposing objective lenses. Separate interference effects in the excitation light and the emitted light give access to higher resolution axial information about the sample than can be reached by conventional widefield or confocal microscopes. Here we report the experimental verification of this resolution performance on complex biological samples.
Refractory hypertension due to unilateral renal lymphangiectasia: An uncommon case with a surgical solution (2020)

We describe a case of unilateral renal lymphangiectasia (RLM) in a 30-year-old male with severe, refractory hypertension (HTN) and end-organ effects despite five anti-hypertensives. After diagnostic testing, the patient ultimately underwent a successful right laparoscopic nephrectomy with significant improvement of HTN. We review the literature regarding the pathophysiology and management strategies of HTN in patients with renal lymphangiectasia.
Data Markets to support AI for All: Pricing, Valuation and Governance (2019)

We discuss a data market technique based on intrinsic (relevance and uniqueness) as well as extrinsic value (influenced by supply and demand) of data. For intrinsic value, we explain how to perform valuation of data in absolute terms (i.e just by itself), or relatively (i.e in comparison to multiple datasets) or in conditional terms (i.e valuating new data given currently existing data).
Electrical modelling of enhanced ball grid arraypackages using coupled transmission lines (1999)

Frequency-domain S-parameter measurement techniques are used to establish the high-frequency/high-speed equivalent circuit models of enhanced ball grid array packages. By considering the longest coupled traces of the packages, the coupled transmission-line parameters found include the characteristic impedance, coupling coefficient and propagation delay. The equivalent lumped models have been further derived from coupled transmission line models using the concept of distributed circuits.