gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1218 MSLN-targeted immunotoxin LMB-100 induces development of tertiary lymphoid structures and tumor regressions of orthotopic mesothelioma (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) are chimeric proteins composed of an Fv linked to a toxin and kill cells by arresting protein synthesis. LMB-100 is an RIT that kills mesothelin (hMLSN) expressing cells. Mesothelin is expressed in mesothelioma and many other cancers. Clinically, we observed some patients had delayed responses to LMB-100, suggesting the induction of antitumor immunity. The present study has developed a transgenic mouse model to investigate if LMB-100 monotherapy eradicates orthotopic mesothelioma and induces anti-tumor immunity in mice, and to study the mechanism of this immunity. <h3>Methods</h3> To study the immune response induced by LMB-100, we established an immunocompetent transgenic mice model that expresses hMLSN only in the thyroid gland, so that hMSLN-expressed cells won’t be rejected. AB1-L9 mouse mesothelioma cells expressing hMSLN were injected into the peritoneal cavity. Mice were treated with LMB-100 (i.p.) and mice with complete responses (CRs) were rechallenged with tumor cells (s.c.) to determine if anti-tumor immunity has developed. Tumors were analyzed by Nanostring and protein arrays, and the distribution of various immune cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry. <h3>Results</h3> LMB-100 treatment alone induced CRs in 19/35 mice. Importantly, the CR mice were protected from re-challenge with AB1-L9 cells (17/19 mice), indicating LMB-100 induces anti-tumor immunity in mice. Both non-targeted immunotoxin (LMB-34) and inactive immunotoxin (LMB-255) had no anti-tumor activity, indicating both cell targeting and killing are necessary. The CRs were blocked by antibodies that deplete CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells as well as B cells. We further analyzed regressing tumors and found that pathogen response pathways are activated as early as 12 hours, followed by upregulation of a cascade of immune-related pathways associated with chemotactic-related activities (cytokine &amp; receptors), antigen presentation (DC function), and TIL-based cell killing activities (T cell functions). We observed tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) with aggregations of B cells developed in the tumor. Genes encoding proteins that are responsible for chemotaxis signals, such as CCL20, CXCL13, and CCL21, were specifically increased in tumors stroma, but not in tumor cells treated <i>in vitro</i>. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We show RIT monotherapy gives complete regressions of tumors and reprograms the tumor immune microenvironment to trigger anti-tumor immunity. The regression of the primary tumor requires CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells as well as B cells. LMB-100 mediated tumor cell death induces the development of TLS in the solid tumor, probably by upregulating chemotaxis chemokines and cytokines that are associated with TLS formation.
Estimation of the Performance of Multiple Active Neutron Interrogation Signatures for Detecting Shielded HEU (2012)

A comprehensive modeling study has been carried out to evaluate the utility of multiple active neutron interrogation signatures for detecting shielded highly enriched uranium (HEU). The modeling effort focused on varying HEU masses from 1 kg to 20 kg; varying types of shields including wood, steel, cement, polyethylene, and borated polyethylene; varying depths of the HEU in the shields, and varying engineered shields immediately surrounding the HEU including steel, tungsten, and cadmium. Neutron and gamma-ray signatures were the focus of the study and false negative detection probabilities versus measurement time were used as a performance metric. To facilitate comparisons among different approaches an automated method was developed to generate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for different sets of model variables for multiple background count rate conditions. This paper summarizes results or the analysis, including laboratory benchmark comparisons between simulations and experiments. The important impact engineered shields can play towards degrading detectability and methods for mitigating this will be discussed.
Inability to produce IL-6 is a functional feature of human germinal center B lymphocytes (1996)

In response to Ag encounter, B lymphocytes undergo a complex maturation process yielding phenotypically distinct subpopulations that are located in highly organized compartments of secondary lymphoid organs. This study describes the patterns of cytokine secretion of naive, memory, and germinal center (GC) human tonsillar B lymphocytes, activated either through CD40 or B cell receptor or with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I particles. The three B cell subpopulations produced comparable levels of IL-10 and TNF-alpha, regardless of the stimulation pathway. Interestingly, activated GC B lymphocytes fail to express IL-6, as determined both at mRNA and at protein levels, whereas both naive and memory B cells can be induced to secrete IL-6. Likewise, naive B lymphocytes undergoing dual ligation of CD40 and B cell receptor fail to express IL-6, since they acquire a GC-like phenotype. IL-6 receptors are up-regulated on both ex vivo-purified GC B lymphocytes and in vitro generated GC-like B cells, following CD40 activation. Consistent with this, addition of exogenous IL-6 sustains growth of CD40-stimulated GC B lymphocytes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that loss of IL-6 secretion is a functional characteristic of human GC B lymphocytes. The swap from an autocrine to a paracrine IL-6 response may permit a better control of B cell growth and differentiation during the germinal center reaction.
PREDICTION METHOD OF LOAD-DISPLACEMENT RELATIONSHIP OF HPFRCC RESPONSE CONTROL ELEMENT, CONSIDERING THE ADDITIONAL AXIAL FORCE DUE TO RESTRAINT EFFECT OF AXIAL DEFORMATION CAUSED BY THE ELEMENTAL ROTATION (2003)

The boundary frame restricts the vertical deformation caused by the rotation of HPFRCC response control element. Therefore, the restraint axial force works for the response control element, and hysteresis characteristic of the response control element is greatly different from the case in which the axial force does not work. This paper proposes the prediction method that simply estimates load-deformation relationship of HPFRCC response control element. Axial displacement, horizontal displacement, restraint axial force and shear force are calculated in any compression edge strain. Therefore, it is possible that shear force-horizontal displacement relationship and axial force-horizontal displacement relationship are quantified in making compression edge strain to be a parameter. And, effectiveness of the proposed estimation method was confirmed through the comparison between results of the static lateral loading test and analytical value.
Sequence-specific detection of different strains of LCMV in a single sample using tentacle probes (2017)

Thus, we have developed a fast, cost-effective approach for identifying Clone-13 strain in a mix of other LCMV strains.
Deep-sea vent phage DNA polymerase specifically initiates DNA synthesis in the absence of primers (2017)

A DNA polymerase is encoded by the deep-sea vent phage NrS-1. NrS-1 has a unique genome organization containing genes that are predicted to encode a helicase and a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein. The gene for an unknown protein shares weak homology with the bifunctional primase-polymerases (prim-pols) from archaeal plasmids but is missing the zinc-binding domain typically found in primases. We show that this gene product has efficient DNA polymerase activity and is processive in DNA synthesis in the presence of the NrS-1 helicase and ssDNA-binding protein. Remarkably, this NrS-1 DNA polymerase initiates DNA synthesis from a specific template DNA sequence in the absence of any primer. The de novo DNA polymerase activity resides in the N-terminal domain of the protein, whereas the C-terminal domain enhances DNA binding.
Broadband rectenna array for RF energy harvesting (2016)

In this paper, a broadband rectenna array is designed and tested. The array is designed using a triangular monopole antenna. It has Su less than −10dB from 850 MHz to 2.6 GHz. The gain is greater than 3.5dBi from 900 MHz to 2.6 GHz and a maximum gain of 8.6dBi is achieved at 2 GHz. Efficiency of 76% and 29% is obtained for a resistive load of 560Ω at 900 and 1800 MHz, respectively. A voltage of 6.95V for a load of 4.3kQ is obtained close to a cell phone making a call.
The center of curvature optical assembly for the JWST primary mirror cryogenic optical test: optical verification (2010)

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Telescope Element (OTE) consists of a 6.6 m clear aperture, allreflective, three-mirror anastigmat. The 18-segment primary mirror (PM) presents unique and challenging assembly, integration, alignment and testing requirements. A full aperture center of curvature optical test is performed in cryogenic vacuum conditions at the integrated observatory level to verify PM performance requirements. The Center of Curvature Optical Assembly (CoCOA), designed and being built by ITT satisfies the requirements for this test. The CoCOA contains a multi wave interferometer, patented reflective null lens, actuation for alignment, full in situ calibration capability, coarse and fine alignment sensing systems, as well as a system for monitoring changes in the PM to CoCOA distance. Two wave front calibration tests are utilized to verify the low and Mid/High spatial frequencies, overcoming the limitations of the standard null/hologram configuration in its ability to resolve mid and high spatial frequencies. This paper will introduce the systems level architecture and optical test layout for the CoCOA.
Systematic Enumeration of Heteroaromatic Ring Systems as Reagents for Use in Medicinal Chemistry (2011)

The availability of suitable chemical building blocks, or reagents, is a key factor that determines the degree of effort required to make a target molecule. If a reagent is not available and requires synthesizing, this increases the total number of synthetic steps in the route and may result in a less attractive synthetic target. This can impact most in compound collection enhancement activities or early lead identification (LI) where typically not enough information or data are available to commit to such long multistep syntheses. In lead optimization (LO) projects, having access to commonly used reagents may improve the efficiency of building structure-activity relationships (SARs) and structure-property relationships (SPRs) around a core scaffold. This paper describes the systematic enumeration of key heteroaromatic reagent classes and the subsequent analysis of the availability of these in a number of commonly used databases.
Impact of laser frequency offset on DQPSK direct detection (2005)

Frequency-offset impact on DQPSK direct detection is experimentally addressed with free-running sources. The heterodyned-measured frequency offset is related both with DQPSK BER performance and power penalty. Polarization-dependent delay impairment is isolated as well.
Enhanced diffusion as a mechanism for ion-induced damage propagation in GaN (2001)

Although GaN is a chemically inert, thermally stable material, it has demonstrated sensitivity to ion damage generated by dry etch processes such as reacting ion etching and inductively coupled plasma etching. Recombination-enhanced diffusion is an important mechanism which has been observed in other III–V semiconductor systems. In this study we examine the possibility of enhanced diffusion in GaN using quantum well (QW) probe structures. The deeper QWs (750 and 1000 Å deep) showed a steady decrease in relative photoluminescence (PL) intensity with time, providing evidence of the cooperative effects of channeling and defect diffusion in deep etch damage propagation in GaN. In contrast, shallow QWs (150 and 250 Å from the surface) showed a slight decrease followed by a gradual increase in relative PL intensity with time which was explained by defect annihilation. Exposure to above band gap illumination, used to simulate and enhance carrier generation during etch, appears to speed defect annihilation in high defect concentration regions resulting in an increase in QW luminescence, where as in lower defect concentration areas, above band gap illumination does not appear to significantly alter QW luminescence. We attribute this difference in behavior to a difference in diffusion constant. The diffusion constant in less damaged regions may be much lower than that of the highly damaged material.
Generating Stochastic Residential Load Profiles from Smart Meter Data for an Optimal Power Matching at an Aggregate Level (2018)

This paper presents an adaptive approach for modelling residential load profiles based on Markov chains that inherently accounts for seasonality. This approach is compared to a traditional approach where short-term seasonality is explicitly modelled in the transition matrix. A detailed evaluation of over 250 days of smart meter data from a few hundred households shows how the proposed approach outperforms the traditional approach in preserving the statistical properties of individual loads while minimizing the error between the aggregated load and the actual aggregated load data. Substantial improvements are achieved by means of a logistic regression model that learns the Markov transition probabilities and better captures seasonality on a medium-to long-term basis. Furthermore, a method based on least squares regression is proposed for allocating synthetic profiles to households without smart meters. Combined with aggregate power matching, the adaptive approach for load profile generation allows for a precise distribution grid state estimation based on partial smart meter data.
Transit of epidermal growth factor through coated pits of the Golgi system. (1982)

Using the direct conjugate of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and horseradish peroxidase, we have followed the entry of EGF into KB (human carcinoma) cells. EGF initially was found bound diffusely to the entire cell surface at 4 degrees C; on warming to 37 degrees C, EGF was found clustered in clathrin-coated pits on the plasma membrane in 1 min or less. Within 1-2 min at 37 degrees C, EGF began to accumulate in receptosomes within the cell and remained there for up to 10 min. At 10-13 min after warming to 37 degrees C, EGF was found in thin reticular membranous elements of the Golgi system, as well as concentrated in the clathrin-coated pits present on these membranes. By 15 min after warming, EGF began to be delivered to lysosomes located near the Golgi system. These findings suggest that clathrin-coated pits in the Golgi reticular system accumulate EGF before delivery to lysosomes.
Poster abstract: Iterative waterfilling and multi-channel standard interference (2018)

Waterfilling is known as solution to the rate maximization problem with sum-power constraint in a multi-channel communication environment. It has been extended to the iterative waterfilling (IWF) algorithm for multi-channel interference scenarios, where each link repeatedly adapts its power allocation according to the waterfilling solution. A less known fact is that the solution to sum-power minimization with minimum rate constraint also is a waterfilling solution, yet with different water level. Similar to conventional, rate-maximizing waterfilling, an iterative power minimization waterfilling (P-IWF) algorithm can be defined. In this poster, we present basic properties of this new type of waterfilling. The key result is that P-IWF can be interpreted as fixed point algorithm of a multi-channel, standard interference function. From this, convergence properties can directly be deduced.
Luminescence and lifetime properties of Nd<sup>3&#x002B;</sup>:LaF<inf>3</inf> thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition (2013)

Nd <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> :LaF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition. Photoluminescence spectra revealed a dominant peak at 173nm with a decay time of 8.2 ns, which is similar to the results obtained from bulk Nd <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> :LaF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> crystal.
Towards Unified Management of Networked Services in Wired and Wireless Networks (2008)

Organizations world-wide are adopting wireless networks at an impressive rate, and a new industry has sprung up to provide tools to manage these networks. Unfortunately, these tools do not integrate cleanly with traditional wired network management tools, leading to unsolved problems and frustration among the IT staff. We explore the problem of unifying wireless and wired network management and show that simple merging of tools and strategies, and/or their trivial extension from one domain to another does not work. Building on previous research on network service dependency extraction, fault diagnosis, and wireless network management, we introduce MnM, an endto- end network management system that unifies wired and wireless network management. MnM treats physical location of end devices as a core component of its management strategy. It also dynamically adapts to the frequent topology changes brought about by end-node mobility.We have a prototype deployment in a large organization that shows that MnM’s root-cause analysis engine easily out-performs systems that do not take user mobility into account in terms of correctly localizing faults and blame attribution.
Isolation and Intracerebral Grafting of Nontransformed Multipotential Embryonic Human CNS Stem Cells (1999)

In this work, we show that the embryonic human brain contains multipotent central nervous system (CNS) stem cells, which may provide a continuous, standardized source of human neurons that could virtually eliminate the use of primary human fetal brain tissue for intracerebral transplantation. Multipotential stem cells can be isolated from the developing human CNS in a reproducible fashion and can be exponentially expanded for longer than 2 years. This allows for the establishment of continuous, nontransformed neural cell lines, which can be frozen and banked. By clonal analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and electrophysiological assay, we found that over such long-term culturing these cells retain both multipotentiality and an unchanged capacity for the generation of neuronal cells, and that they can be induced to differentiate into catechlaminergic neurons. Finally, when transplanted into the brain of adult rodents immunosuppressed by cyclosporin A, human CNS stem cells migrate away from the site of injection and differentiate into neurons and astrocytes. No tumor formation was ever observed. Aside from depending on scarce human neural fetal tissue, the use of human embryonic CNS stem cells for clinical neural transplantation should provide a reliable solution to some of the major problems that pertain to this field, and should allow determination of the safety characteristics of the donor cells in terms of tumorigenicity, viability, sterility, and antigenic compatibility far in advance of the scheduled day of surgery.
Synthesis and anti-human immunodeficiency virus(HIV-1) activity of 3'-deoxy-3'- (triazol-1-ly)thymidines and 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-(triazol-1-yl)uridines, and inhibition of reverse transcriptase by their 5'-triphosphates. (1990)

3'-Deoxy-3'-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)thymidines (5a, 6a, 8a, 11a, and 12a) and 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)uridines (5b, 6b, 8b, 11b, and 12b) were synthesized as cyclic analogues of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) and 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (CS-87) by the cyclization of 5'-trityl derivatives (1a, b) of AZT and CS-87 using alpha-ketophosphorus ylides and with acetylenic compounds followed by deprotection of the 5'-trityl group. It was hypothesized that the triazole nitrogen atoms could mimic and distorted azido group. However, no significant activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was observed with any of these compounds. 5'-Triphosphates (17a and 18a, b), prepared from 5a and 6a, b, were inactive against HIV-1 and Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RLV) reverse transcriptases.
Einschluss von [(H2O)2∩([18]Krone-6)] in einen scheibenförmigen, von sechs dimeren makrocyclischen Nickel(II)-Komplexen gebildeten Hohlraum (2000)

Das Übermolekül, dessen Aufbau gezeigt ist, umfasst 15 Komponenten: zwei H2O-Moleküle an ein [18]Krone-6-Molekül gebunden, und das ganze eingeschlossen von sechs Dimeren der Form [Ni(tmtaa)]2, die aus sattelförmigen makrocyclischen Nickel(II)-Komplexen bestehen. Das Übermolekül bildet zweidimensionale Schichten. In der analogen metallfreien Verbindung aus Dimeren (H2tmtaa)2 und [18]Krone-6 im Verhältnis 1:1 liegen dagegen Schichten der Dimere vor, die durch Schichten der Kronenethermoleküle getrennt sind.
Simple Two-Photon Inscription of Surface Relief Gratings with Azobenzene Functionalized Polymer (2011)

Two-photon fabrication of surface relief gratings on azobenzene functionalized polymer films was carried out using femtosecond laser pulses at 800 nm. The two-photon inscriptions were achieved by simply employing a relief grating as a phase mask. The relief patterns were successfully recorded with the phase mask and the near-infrared laser pulses. The period of the grating is the same as that of the mask. Polarization dependent formation of the grating was observed.
Precedent, Super-Precedent (2006)

The idea of super-precedent was first posited by (then) Prof. Posner &amp; Prof. Landis 30 years ago, but as a throw-away, and was not picked up in the jargon. In 2000 Judge Michael Luttig of the 4th Circuit used it –as “super stare decisis” –and this time it did gain a following. “Super-precedent” –and even “super-duper precedent” --had an airing at both the Alito and Roberts hearings before the Senate Judiciary Committee and soon generated a couple of academic articles. No doubt there will be more. This is my contribution to the debate.\nHow, if at all, are we to make sense of the notion of super-precedent? Is it useful? I examine the concept as it might fit into the theories of stare decisis that have been in vogue at various times, in the process elaborating on the doctrine and the theories accounting for it. I also look at its use in the Senate hearings of Supreme Court nominees Roberts and Alito for indicia of the neologism’s popular usage and possible future.
Isolation and Characterization of Myosin from Cloned Mouse Fibroblasts (1972)

Myosin has been isolated from cloned mouse fibroblasts, line L-929. Fibroblast myosin: (i) binds to rabbit muscle actin and is dissociated from it by ATP, (ii) has an ATPase activity that is suppressed by Mg(2+) in 0.6 M KCl and is activated by rabbit muscle actin in the presence of Mg(2+) in 14 mM KCl, (iii) forms thin bipolar aggregates in 0.1 M KCl when viewed in the electron microscope, (iv) possesses a heavy chain with the same mobility as muscle myosin (molecular weight 200,000) in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In these respects, fibroblast myosin appears to be similar to muscle myosin in structure and function.