gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Role of N-Type Calcium Channel Splice Isoforms in Pain (2007)

N-type calcium channels are essential mediators of spinal nociceptive transmission. The core subunit of the N-type channel is encoded by a single gene, and multiple N-type channel isoforms can be generated by alternate splicing. In particular, cell-specific inclusion of an alternatively spliced exon 37a generates a novel form of the N-type channel that is highly enriched in nociceptive neurons and, as we show here, downregulated in a neuropathic pain model. Splice isoform-specific small interfering RNA silencing in vivo reveals that channels containing exon 37a are specifically required for mediating basal thermal nociception and for developing thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia during inflammatory and neuropathic pain. In contrast, both N-type channel isoforms (e37a- and e37b-containing) contribute to tactile neuropathic allodynia. Hence, exon 37a acts as a molecular switch that tailors the channels toward specific roles in pain.
Flatworms have lost the right open reading frame kinase 3 gene during evolution (2015)

All multicellular organisms studied to date have three right open reading frame kinase genes (designated riok-1, riok-2 and riok-3). Current evidence indicates that riok-1 and riok-2 have essential roles in ribosome biosynthesis, and that the riok-3 gene assists this process. In the present study, we conducted a detailed bioinformatic analysis of the riok gene family in 25 parasitic flatworms (platyhelminths) for which extensive genomic and transcriptomic data sets are available. We found that none of the flatworms studied have a riok-3 gene, which is unprecedented for multicellular organisms. We propose that, unlike in other eukaryotes, the loss of RIOK-3 from flatworms does not result in an evolutionary disadvantage due to the unique biology and physiology of this phylum. We show that the loss of RIOK-3 coincides with a loss of particular proteins associated with essential cellular pathways linked to cell growth and apoptosis. These findings indicate multiple, key regulatory functions of RIOK-3 in other metazoan species. Taking advantage of a known partial crystal structure of human RIOK-1, molecular modelling revealed variability in nucleotide binding sites between flatworm and human RIOK proteins.
Reexamination of Coccidioides spp. Reserved in the Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University, Based on a Multiple Gene Analysis (2006)

The Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University is the only organization in Japan to possess a series isolates of Coccidioides spp., which are the most virulent pathogenic fungi and which are treated as biosafety level 3 microorganisms. Recently, the genus Coccidioides has been classified into two species, C. immitis and C. posadasii, based on their endemic areas and genotyping; the former species is endemic to the state of California, and the latter is endemic to other parts of North and South America. We reevaluated 19 isolates of Coccidioides immitis stored in our center using a multiple gene analysis. Five isolates were identified as C. immitis and 14 as C. posadasii. Their sequence information in GenBank will help to identify the two genospecies of Coccidioides spp.
Mechanisms of resin adhesion: dentin & enamel bonding (2008)

status: Published
<title>Audio-visual event detection based on mining of semantic audio-visual labels</title> (2003)

Removing commercials from television programs is a much sought-after feature for a personal video recorder. In this paper, we employ an unsupervised clustering scheme (CM_Detect) to detect commercials in television programs. Each program is first divided into W8-minute chunks, and we extract audio and visual features from each of these chunks. Next, we apply k-means clustering to assign each chunk with a <i>commercial/program</i> label. In contrast to other methods, we do not make any assumptions regarding the program content. Thus, our method is highly content-adaptive and computationally inexpensive. Through empirical studies on various content, including American news, Japanese news, and sports programs, we demonstrate that our method is able to filter out most of the commercials without falsely removing the regular program.
Supplementary Table S1 from Gain-of-Function <i>RHOA</i> Mutations Promote Focal Adhesion Kinase Activation and Dependency in Diffuse Gastric Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;List of Models&lt;/p&gt;
NeuPL: Neural Population Learning (2022)

Learning in strategy games (e.g. StarCraft, poker) requires the discovery of diverse policies. This is often achieved by iteratively training new policies against existing ones, growing a policy population that is robust to exploit. This iterative approach suffers from two issues in real-world games: a) under finite budget, approximate best-response operators at each iteration needs truncating, resulting in under-trained good-responses populating the population; b) repeated learning of basic skills at each iteration is wasteful and becomes intractable in the presence of increasingly strong opponents. In this work, we propose Neural Population Learning (NeuPL) as a solution to both issues. NeuPL offers convergence guarantees to a population of best-responses under mild assumptions. By representing a population of policies within a single conditional model, NeuPL enables transfer learning across policies. Empirically, we show the generality, improved performance and efficiency of NeuPL across several test domains. Most interestingly, we show that novel strategies become more accessible, not less, as the neural population expands.
Vaccination with recombinant Brugia malayi cystatin proteins alters worm migration, homing and final niche selection following a subcutaneous challenge of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) with B. malayi infective larvae (2014)

Cysteine protease inhibitors of Brugia malayi have been ascribed to be involved in parasite development as well as to immunomodulate the host’s immune response. In Onchocerca volvulus, Onchocystatin has been shown to induce partial protection in the mouse diffusion chamber vaccination model. In the present study we investigated the impact of vaccination with recombinant Bm-CPI-1 and Bm-CPI-2 proteins on protection against a subcutaneous challenge of B. malayi third stage larvae in gerbils. Vaccination with E. coli derived recombinant B. malayi cysteine protease inhibitors (Bm-CPI-1 or -2) did not confer protection against B. malayi L3 challenge infection in gerbils but altered the homing of a significant number of adult worms from the lymphatics to the heart and lungs. Bm-CPI vaccination-induced alteration in worm migration is consistent with our previous observations in gerbils vaccinated with B. pahangi excretory-secretory (ES) proteins, which resulted in delayed migration of the L3s and altered the final location of adult worms. Similar observations have also been made in dogs vaccinated with Ancylostoma caninum proteins; an increased number of worms were recovered in the colon and not the expected small intestine. A change in the final niche was also reported in immune versus non-immune hosts of two other gut dwelling nematodes. Vaccination induced alteration of the parasite’s final homing might be a rare or a common phenomenon, which unfortunately is rarely recorded. The reason for the alteration in the final niche selection by adult nematode worms following vaccination is unknown and necessitates further investigation.
The Effect of Gamma-irradiation on the Antibacterial Activity of Honey (1996)

There is increasing usage of honey as a dressing on infected wounds, burns and ulcers, but there is some concern that there may be a risk of wound botulism from the clostridial spores sometimes found in honey. It is well-established that the antibacterial activity is heat-labile so would be destroyed if honey were sterilized by autoclaving, but the effect of gamma-irradiation on the antibacterial activity of honey is not known. Therefore an investigation was carried out to assess the effect on the antibacterial activity of honey when the honey was subjected to a commercial sterilization procedure using gamma-irradiation (25 kGy). Two honeys with antibacterial activity due to enzymically-generated hydrogen peroxide and three manuka honeys with non-peroxide antibacterial activity were investigated. The honeys were tested against Staphylococcus aureus in an agar well diffusion assay. There was no significant change found in either type of antibacterial activity resulting from this form of sterilization of honey, even when the radiation was doubled (to 50 kGy). Testing of honey seeded with spores of Clostridium perfringens and C. tetani (10000 and 1000 spores g-1 of honey, respectively) showed that 25 kGy of gamma-irradiation was sufficient to achieve sterility.
Copolymerization of 1, 3-Cyclooctadiene and Acrylonitrile in the Presence of Zinc Chloride (1977)

ZnCl2存在下での1,3-シクロオクタジエン (1,3-COD) とアクリロニトリル (AN) の共重合を検討した. 過剰のAN中で1,3-CODは (AN) c [ZnCl2に配位したAN] と1: 1組成の電荷移動 (CT) 錯体を形成し, その生成平衡定数は, 約0.071l/mol (25℃) であった. この系では無触媒で共重合が起こり, ANに富む組成の共重合体を与える. 1,3-COD/AN/ZnCl2 (モル比) =1/5/1での40～70℃における共重合の全活性化エネルギーは約19.1kcal/molであった. また, ZnCl2の濃度のみを大きくすると生成共重合体の1,3-COD含有量が増大し, さらにUV照射あるいは弱塩基性物質や酸素の添加などによって共重合体の生成が加速された. これらの結果からCT錯体を経由する開始および生長機構について考察し, 1,3-CODの場合でのCT錯体は1,3-シクロヘキサジエンをドナーとするそれに比し, その自己生長速度定数が小さいことが推測された.
Intumescence: a method for improving reaction and resistance to fire of materials (2018)

International audience
Printing-Assisted Surface Modifications of Patterned Ultrafiltration Membranes (2016)

Understanding and restricting microbial surface attachment will enhance wastewater treatment with membranes. We report a maskless lithographic patterning technique for the generation of patterned polymer coatings on ultrafiltration membranes. Polyethylene glycol, zwitterionic, or negatively charged hydrophilic polymer compositions in parallel- or perpendicular-striped patterns with respect to feed flow were evaluated using wastewater. Membrane fouling was dependent on the orientation and chemical composition of the coatings. Modifications reduced alpha diversity in the attached microbial community (Shannon indices decreased from 2.63 to 1.89) which nevertheless increased with filtration time. Sphingomonas species, which condition membrane surfaces and facilitate cellular adhesion, were depleted in all modified membranes. Microbial community structure was significantly different between control, different patterns, and different chemistries. This study broadens the tools for surface modification of membranes with polymer coatings and for understanding and optimization of antifouling surfaces.
Novel artificial intelligence–enabled deep learning system to enhance adenoma detection: a prospective randomized controlled study (2023)

Seven enrolled physicians and 5 participating nurses reported a unanimous desire to continue using DEEP<sup>2</sup> after the completion of the study and after commercial availability. (Clinical trial registration number: MYTRIALS.).
Influenza A Virus Polymerase Inhibits Type I Interferon Induction by Binding to Interferon β Promoter Stimulator 1 (2010)

Type I interferons (IFNs) are known to be critical factors in the activation of host antiviral responses and are also important in protection from influenza A virus infection. Especially, the RIG-I- and IPS-1-mediated intracellular type I IFN-inducing pathway is essential in the activation of antiviral responses in cells infected by influenza A virus. Previously, it has been reported that influenza A virus NS1 is involved in the inhibition of this pathway. We show in this report that the influenza A virus utilizes another critical inhibitory mechanism in this pathway. In fact, the viral polymerase complex exhibited an inhibitory activity on IFNβ promoter activation mediated by RIG-I and IPS-1, and this activity was not competitive with the function of NS1. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that each polymerase subunit bound to IPS-1 in mammalian cells, and each subunit inhibited the activation of IFNβ promoter by IPS-1 independently. In addition, by a combinational expression of each polymerase subunit, IPS-1-induced activation of IFNβ promoter was more efficiently inhibited by the expression of PB2 or PB2-containing complex. Moreover, the expression of PB2 inhibited the transcription of the endogenous IFNβ gene induced after influenza A virus infection. These findings demonstrate that the viral polymerase plays an important role for regulating host anti-viral response through the binding to IPS-1 and inhibition of IFNβ production.
Identification of CD7 as a Cognate of the Human K12 (SECTM1) Protein (2000)

CD7 is a 40-kDa protein found primarily on T, NK, and pre-B cells; the function of the CD7 protein in the immune system is largely unknown. The K12 (SECTM1) protein was originally identified by its location just upstream of the CD7 locus. The K12 gene encodes a transmembrane protein of unknown function. In order to clone a K12-binding protein, we generated a soluble version of the human K12 protein by fusing its extracellular domain to the Fc portion of human IgG(1). Flow cytometry experiments showed that the K12-Fc fusion protein bound at high levels to both human T and NK cells. Precipitation experiments using K12-Fc on (35)S-radiolabeled NK cells lysates indicated that the K12 cognate was an approximately 40-kDa protein. A human peripheral blood T cell cDNA expression library was screened with the K12-Fc protein, and two independent, positive cDNA clones were identified and sequenced. Both cDNAs encoded the same protein, which was CD7. Thus, K12 and CD7 are cognate proteins that are located next to each other on human chromosome 17q25. Additionally, we have cloned the gene encoding the mouse homologue of K12, shown that it maps near the mouse CD7 gene on chromosome 11, and established that the mouse K12 protein binds to mouse, but not human, CD7. Mouse K12-Fc inhibited in a dose-dependent manner concanavalin A-induced proliferation, but not anti-TcRalpha/beta induced proliferation, of mouse lymph node T cells. Human K12-Fc stimulated the up-regulation of CD25, CD54, and CD69 on human NK cells in vitro.
Further Blood Pressure Elevation in spontaneously Hypertensive Rats on High Salt Diet involves Reactive Oxygen Species Production in the Brain. (2007)

High dietary sodium causes sympathetic hyperactivity and increases resting blood pressure (BP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Recent studies suggest that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is increased in hypertension. The present study examined whether a high salt diet increases ROS in the RVLM of SHR and, if so, whether this increase is associated with BP elevation. Male SHR and WKY□@(6‐weeks‐old) were fed an 8% salt diet (HS) or 0.5% salt diet (LS) for 6 weeks. Systolic BP was significantly higher in HS‐SHR than LS‐SHR beginning at 9 weeks of age, but not in WKY. Urinary norepinephrine excretion was significantly higher in HS‐SHR than in LS‐SHR at 12 weeks of age. Thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance levels were significantly higher in the RVLM of HS‐SHR than in LS‐SHR, but were equivalent between HS‐WKY and LS‐WKY. Bilateral microinjection of the superoxide dismutase mimetic, tempol, into the RVLM induced a significantly greater BP depressor response in HS‐SHR than in LS‐SHR. Intravenous injection of hexamethonium induced a significantly greater depressor effect in HS‐SHR than in LS‐SHR. These results suggest that a high salt diet increases ROS in the RVLM of SHR, which is associated with further increases in BP, at least in part via activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
Picogram concentrations of endotoxin stimulate synthesis of IL-1 beta and TNF alpha by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to recombinant human C5a. (1991)

Endotoxemia, complement activation, and the generation of C5a occur in the course of sepsis, trauma, and the adult respiratory distress syndrome, clinical situations in which TNF and IL-1 are thought to play an important role. In the present studies, we examined the effect of picogram concentrations of endotoxin (LPS) on the synthesis of IL-1 beta and TNF alpha by human PBMC exposed to recombinant human C5a (rhuC5a). rhuC5a induced the synthesis of IL-1 beta by PBMC made in response to otherwise substimulatory levels of LPS. In the presence of rhuC5a, LPS concentrations from 10 pg to 1000 pg/ml substantially amplified IL-1 beta synthesis by PBMC compared to LPS alone. Since rhuC5a can induce transcription of IL-1 beta with minimal translation to cytokine protein, these studies support the concept that fM concentrations of LPS can combine with rhuC5a to provide the "second signal" for optimal translation of IL-1 beta mRNA.
Enhanced Expression of BiP Is Associated with Treatments that Extend Storage Longevity of Primed Tomato Seeds (2002)

While seed priming (hydration in water or osmotic solutions followed by drying) enhances seed germination performance, the longevity of primed seeds in storage often is reduced. Postpriming treatments including a reduction in seed water content followed by incubation at 37 or 40 °C for 2 to 4 h can substantially restore potential longevity in tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seeds. These conditions might induce heat-shock proteins (hsp) that could be involved in the extension of seed longevity. The abundance of BiP (78 kD Binding Protein), hsp70 and class I small hsp in primed seeds subjected to postpriming treatments was examined to assess this possibility. BiP mRNA and protein amounts increased during postpriming heat treatments that extended longevity of tomato seeds. Treatment of primed seeds with the calcium ionophore calcimycin (A21387) enhanced BiP protein accumulation in the absence of heat treatment and also extended potential seed longevity. Changes in the abundance of hsp70 and class I small hsps were not consistently associated with potential seed longevity. Thus, enhanced BiP expression may contribute to the improved longevity of primed seeds following postpriming treatments.
Immunophenotypic Identification, Enumeration, and Characterization of Human Peripheral Blood Dendritic Cells and Dendritic‐Cell Precursors (2001)

Study of dendritic cells is complicated by their low frequency and the lack of specific markers for sensitive and specific identification. Furthermore, these cells are not a homogeneous population, but contain a variety of subsets. Flow cytometry has well-established applications for the analysis of cells present at low frequencies; the use of a two-step acquisition procedure increases the number of cells for analysis. This unit presents protocols for the identification and enumeration of dendritic cells and cell subsets in erythrocyte-lysed whole peripheral blood. Special attention is paid to the combinations of reagents used for the identification of all dendritic cells as well as each subset, and on the multiparametric gating strategies for specific analysis.
Studies on cure chemistry of new acetylenic resins (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on cure chemistry of new acetylenic resinsSatya B. Sastri, Teddy M. Keller, Kenneth M. Jones, and James P. ArmisteadCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 23, 6171–6174Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00075a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00075a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On-chip Delay Line for Extraction of Decorrelated Phase Noise in FMCW Radar Transceiver MMICs (2015)

Estimation of phase noise (PN) has become economically feasible for integration in many of today's semiconductors. Several contributions propose concepts that obtain a good estimate of the PN's power spectrum without even requiring a reference oscillator. Differently, in this work we aim to estimate the time domain representation of the residual PN in the intermediate frequency domain of a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar transceiver. For that, an artificial on-chip target is utilized, which is to be incorporated into an existing monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC). The estimated decorrelated phase noise is required for cancelation of short-range leakage originating from an unwanted signal reflection superimposing the overall channel response of the radar. We determine the minimum required delay such that the residual PN of the on-chip target exceeds the intrinsic noise. Further, three different realizations of the delay line in the MMIC are compared. We verify our analytical derivations with a full FMCW radar system simulation.
Expression of the sodium-chloride cotransporter in osteoblast-like cells: effect of thiazide diuretics (1997)

The use of thiazide diuretics is associated with increased bone mineral density and, in some studies with reduced incidence of fractures, suggesting a potential role for these drugs in the treatment of osteoporosis. Our objective was to examine the effects of thiazides on osteoblast-like cells using the rat UMR-106 osteosarcoma cell line. Treatment of UMR-106 cells with chlorothiazide caused membrane depolarization and a rise of intracellular calcium but had no effect on adenosine 3,5'-cyclic monophosphate accumulation. The rise of intracellular calcium was partially inhibited by nifedipine and removal of extracellular calcium, indicating calcium uptake from the extracellular media, as well as by thapsigargin or dantrolene, indicating contributions from calcium release from intracellular stores. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to isolate a partial cDNA clone for the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter from UMR-106 cells that hybridized to 5.0- and 11.0-kilobase mRNAs when Northern blot analysis was conducted. Antisense oligonucleotides to the sodium-chloride cotransporter specifically inhibited the chlorothiazide-induced depolarization and rise of intracellular calcium and reduced immunofluorescence staining for the sodium-chloride cotransporter protein in UMR-106 cells. We conclude that thiazide diuretics inhibit sodium-chloride cotransporter activity in UMR-106 cells, thereby altering intracellular calcium regulation. These results provide evidence for direct effects of thiazide diuretics on bone cells.
Microbial DNA testing for inflammatory diseases of the brain of uncertain etiology (2014)

Neurologists may be confronted with patients who present with inflammatory brain lesions where the diagnosis cannot be made through history and physical examination alone. Molecular testing for bacterial infections, tuberculosis, and fungal infections may aid in the diagnosis. Since the treatments for these disorders are different and delays can result in permanent neurologic disability and death, rapid and accurate diagnoses are critical. This review provides the neurologist with testing options and recommends ways to enhance sensitivity and specificity.