gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SSH: A Self-Supervised Framework for Image Harmonization (2021)

Image harmonization aims to improve the quality of image compositing by matching the "appearance" (e.g., color tone, brightness and contrast) between foreground and background images. However, collecting large-scale annotated datasets for this task requires complex professional retouching. Instead, we propose a novel Self-Supervised Harmonization framework (SSH) that can be trained using just "free" natural images without being edited. We reformulate the image harmonization problem from a representation fusion perspective, which separately processes the foreground and background examples, to address the background occlusion issue. This framework design allows for a dual data augmentation method, where diverse [foreground, background, pseudo GT] triplets can be generated by cropping an image with perturbations using 3D color lookup tables (LUTs). In addition, we build a real-world harmonization dataset as carefully created by expert users, for evaluation and benchmarking purposes. Our results show that the proposed self-supervised method outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods in terms of reference metrics, visual quality, and subject user study. Code and dataset are available at https://github.com/VITA-Group/SSHarmonization.
Separating physiological from pathological effects of drugs tested for retinal toxicity in animal models (2009)

Abstract Purpose Drugs tested for retinal toxicity in animal models frequently induce physiological effects with or without pathological effects. The physiological effects may be interpreted to reflect toxic action. Here, different experimental approaches and modes of data analysis are described to separate physiological from pathological effects of drugs on retinal function and structure in laboratory animals. Methods The flash electroretinogram (ERG) and the visual evoked potential (VEP) were used to assess respectively the functional integrity of the distal and proximal parts of the retina following intravitreal administration of drugs. Histology at the light microscopic level and immunocytochemistry were used to evaluate structural damage and to localize the site/s of action of the drugs. Results The ERG responses and the VEP were recorded at different time intervals after intravitreal injection of different drugs in order to assess short‐term and long‐term retinal effects. In some cases severe functional deficit was identified, but it was transient in nature, and partial or even complete recovery was observed during a follow‐up period of at least 4 weeks. Different modes of data analysis were applied in order to separate physiological effects from pathological ones. Conclusion Drugs, used in the ophthalmic clinic, can be retinotoxic and induce permanent retinal damage, or may exert transient changes that can reflect drug interference with the normal physiological function of the retina. Data are analyzed to separate these possibilities in order to allow accurate assessment of drug toxicity. Furthermore, drugs exerting transient physiological effects can be used to study the normal mechanisms of visual information processing in the retina.
Investigating the Limits of Optical Packet Transmission Through Cascaded Transient-Suppressed EDFAs Without Regeneration or Active Gain Control (2010)

Using a transmission loop, we show the maximum number of cascaded conventional EDFAs is gain transient limited for packet transmission and demonstrate error free, noise limited packet transmission across 44 transient suppressed EDFA’s without active gain transient control or regeneration.
Nanostructured Hybrid Silicon/Carbon Nanotube Heterostructures: Reversible High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Anodes (2010)

Lithium-ion batteries have witnessed meteoric advancement the last two decades. The anode area has seen unprecedented research activity on Si and Sn, the two anode alternatives to currently used carbon following the initial seminal work by Fuji on tin oxide nanocomposites. Recent reports on silicon nanowires, porous Si, and amorphous Si coatings on graphite nanofibers (GNF) have been very encouraging. High capacity and long cycle life anodes are still, however, elusive and much needed to meet the ever increasing energy storage demands of modern society. Herein, we report for the first time the synthesis of novel 1D heterostructures comprising vertically aligned multiwall CNTs (VACNTs) containing nanoscale amorphous/nanocrystalline Si droplets deposited directly on VACNTs with clearly defined spacing using a simple two-step liquid injection CVD process. A hallmark of these single reactor derived heterostructures is an interfacial amorphous carbon layer anchoring the nanoscale Si clusters directly to the VACNTs. The defined spacing of nanoscale Si combined with their tethered CNT architecture allow for the silicon to undergo reversible electrochemical alloying and dealloying with Li with minimal loss of contact with the underlying CNTs. The novel heterostructures thus exhibit impressive reversible stable capacities approximately 2050 mAh/g with very good rate capability and an acceptable first cycle irreversible loss approximately 20% comparable to graphitic anodes indicating their promise as high capacity Li-ion anodes. Although warranting further research, particularly with regard to long-term cycling, it can be envisaged that optimization of this simple approach could lead to reversible high capacity next generation Li-ion anodes.
A comparison of passive coherent beam combining architectures: experimental results (2012)

Modal properties of two architectures for coherent beam combining are theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified. The supermodes of a two-laser spatially filtered cavity exhibit two distinctly different types of behavior depending on the path length error. When the error is small, the two modes present different cavity loss values and can be differentiated by gain. However, cavities containing path length errors greater than a critical value produce modes with identical losses and different resonant frequencies. A diode-bar side-pumped plano-concave Nd:YAG laser cavity is built for experimental verification of the theory. Experiments have shown two distinct regions as predicted by theory. In the small path length error region, the cavity runs in one single mode; however, when the path length error goes beyond a critical value, the cavity lases in two modes simultaneously or alternates between two modal states. Detailed loss versus phase error curves are presented and compared to theory. The modal behavior in this spatial filtering architecture is quite different from that found in a superposition architecture for coherent beam combining where the fundamental mode always has smaller loss per round trip than the second mode. The modal curves for a superposition architecture are provided for comparison with those from spatial filtering.
Role changes at the pharmacy-nursing interface: Kimball Medical Center. (1991)

The original goals and objectives of the CST program have been realized. Medication safety, control, accountability, and utilization efforts of decentralized satellite pharmacists have been brought to fruition. A career ladder has been created for the pharmacy technician. This has enabled the Department of Pharmaceutical Services to recruit, retain, and develop an exceptionally competent and proficient technical staff. The pharmacy has earned a new found respect from the nursing division. A greater awareness of its staff's positions as drug experts and information resources has evolved. Credibility has been established for additional pharmacy programs and proposed clinical activities. Pharmacists and technicians have gained an in-depth understanding of the procedures, problems, and challenges of the nursing services, which has enabled a bridge of understanding and a common bond of team effort to be built between the two departments.
A Web-Based Game for Collecting Music Metadata (2008)

Abstract We have designed a web-based game, MajorMiner, that makes collecting descriptions of musical excerpts fun, easy, useful, and objective. Participants describe 10 second clips of songs and score points when their descriptions match those of other participants. The rules were designed to encourage players to be thorough and the clip length was chosen to make judgments objective and specific. To analyse the data, we measured the degree to which binary classifiers could be trained to spot popular tags. We also compared the performance of clip classifiers trained with MajorMiner's tag data to those trained with social tag data from a popular website. On the top 25 tags from each source, MajorMiner's tags were classified correctly 67.2% of the time, while the social tags were classified correctly 62.6% of the time.
Time-Resolved Ion Dynamics in Carbon Supercapacitor Electrodes Using In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Evidence for chicken GH as the only hypophyseal factor responsible for the stimulation of hepatic 5'-monodeiodination activity in the chick embryo (1989)

The influence of an intravenous injection of chicken growth hormone (cGH), a total chicken pars distalis (PD) extract, and a PD extract depleted of cGH by immunoadsorption was studied in the 18-d-old chick embryo. Plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and hepatic 5'-monodeiodination (5'-D) activity were measured. An injection of total PD extract raised plasma T3, T4, and 5'-D activity, whereas a PD extract depleted of GH only increased plasma T4. The amount of cGH present in the PD extracts, as measured by homologous cGH radioimmunoassay, increased T3 and raised liver 5'-D, but had no effect on plasma T4. The effect on liver 5'-D was more pronounced with cGH than with a total PD extract, whereas the effect on plasma T3 was somewhat less pronounced. It was concluded that cGH increased the peripheral conversion of T4 into T3 in the chick embryo, whereas a PD extract depleted of cGH was purely thyrotropic. The PD extract also seemed to have 5'-D-suppressing activity.
Tradeoffs between quality of results and resource consumption in a recognition system (2003)

The implementation of computational systems to perform challenging operations often involves balancing the performance specification, system throughput, and available system resources. For problems of automatic target recognition (ATR), these three quantities of interest are the probability of classification error, the rate at which regions of interest are processed, and the capabilities of the underlying hardware (which is a function of the available computational resources and available power). An understanding of the inter-relationships between these factors can be an aid in making informed choices while exploring competing design possibilities. Combining characterizations of ATR performance, which yield probability of classification error as a function of target model complexity, with analytical models of computational performance, which yield throughput as a function of target model complexity and available resources, we can form a set of parametric curves which relate the quality of the results to the resources consumed.
MP31-04 THE POWER OF CROWDSOURCING: NOVEL METHOD FOR DISCOVERY OF URINE BIOMARKERS (2017)

quantitative sensory testing, and urine sample collection. Temporal summation to evoked, thermal cutaneous pain was performed with a Medoc Thermal Sensory Analyzer at .4 Hz, a frequency known to elicit C-fiber mediated wind-up in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Subjects were asked to rate their pain (0 e 100 VAS) during each of a sequence of 10 brief (.5 second) heat pulses to 49 C. Temporal summation was defined as the difference in pain rating between the maximum and first pain ratings. An individual with a difference in pain ratings or a first pain rating greater than 1 SD above controls after normalization was designated as demonstrating CS. Mid-stream urine samples collected from each patient were subjected to metagenomic sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S-rRNA gene. Relative bacterial abundances were compared using the QIIME and the Wald test statistic in the MGLM package among women with and without OAB and CS.
Multiphoton EUV photonics (2004)

We demonstrate that high-harmonic generation can be quasi-phase-matched up to the "water window" region of the spectrum using periodically-modulated hollow waveguides. We also observe harmonic emission from ions, dramatically extending the photon energy range.
Effect of high temperature storage on the stress and reliability of 3D stacked chip (2014)

In this work, the effect of high temperature storage (HTS) on the stress in and around Cu TSVs in 3D stacked chips is studied by scanning white beam x-ray microdiffraction. The x-ray microdiffraction measurements were conducted on different die levels in the stacked chips before and after HTS test. High resolution mappings of stress distribution were obtained and compared between pre-HTS and post-HTS for both the Cu via and the surrounding Si. The x-ray microdiffraction technique provides a means for nondestructive, direct stress measurement in a 3D die stack structure. Finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out for the test structure to interpret the measurement results and to discuss the thermal aging effect on the 3D chip. Overall, the results show reduced stress in both Cu and Si after HTS, which can be explained by stress relaxation occurred during HTS. The implication of the HTS results on long term reliability of 3D die stacks is discussed.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Expression in Estrogen Receptor-Positive and Negative Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines (1987)

Expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor by human breast cancer tissues has an inverse relationship with expression of the estrogen receptor and may be associated with a poor clinical response. We have studied the regulation of EGF receptor expression in a series of human breast cancer cell lines with varying degrees of estrogen responsiveness. Three estrogen receptor-positive lines, MCF-7, ZR-75-1, and T47D, were found to have less than 70,000 EGF binding sites per cell by radioreceptor assay and were growth stimulated in vitro by EGF. Four estrogen receptor-negative lines, MDA-MB-231, Hs578T, EVSA-T, and BT-20, contained greater than 70,000 EGF binding sites per cell and showed no in vitro growth stimulation by EGF. In all cell lines EGF receptor number was correlated with the amount of EGF receptor protein and RNA. Differences in EGF receptor expression between the cell types was not due to amplification of the EGF receptor gene. Rather, variations in EGF receptor expression between lines were due, at least in part, to differences in the rate of EGF gene transcription as determined by nuclear run-off studies. Our data confirm the previously described inverse relationship between expression of EGF and estrogen receptors. We show here that the absence of estrogen receptor expression in human breast cancer cell lines is associated with higher levels of functional EGF receptor protein and mRNA.
Supplementary Tables S1-S10 from <i>EGFR</i> and <i>MET</i> Amplifications Determine Response to HER2 Inhibition in <i>ERBB2</i>-Amplified Esophagogastric Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables S1-S10&lt;/p&gt;
Performance evaluation of a pixellated Ge Compton camera (2011)

An ongoing project is being carried out to develop a high purity germanium (HPGe) Compton camera for medical applications. The Compton camera offers many potential advantages over the conventional gamma camera. The camera reported in this paper comprises two pixellated germanium detector planes housed 9.6 cm apart in the same vacuum housing. The camera has 177 pixels, 152 in the scatter detector and 25 in the absorption detector. The pixels are 4 × 4 mm(2) with a thickness of 4 mm in the scatter detector and 10 mm in the absorption detector. Images have been taken for a variety of test objects including point sources, a ring source and a Perspex phantom. The measured angular resolution is 9.4° ± 0.4° for a 662 keV gamma-ray source at 3 cm. Due to the limited number of readout modules a multiple-view technique was used to image the source distributions from different angles and simulate the pixel arrangement in the full camera.
Quantitative classification of pediatric swallowing through accelerometry (2012)

Our results suggest that dual-axis accelerometry has merit in the non-invasive detection of unsafe swallows in children and deserves further consideration as a pediatric medical device.
An AAV-based, room-temperature-stable, single-dose COVID-19 vaccine provides durable immunogenicity and protection in non-human primates (2021)

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected more than 185 million people worldwide resulting in over 4 million deaths. To contain the pandemic, there is a continued need for safe vaccines that provide durable protection at low and scalable doses and can be deployed easily. Here, AAVCOVID-1, an adeno-associated viral (AAV), spike-gene-based vaccine candidate demonstrates potent immunogenicity in mouse and non-human primates following a single injection and confers complete protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in macaques. Peak neutralizing antibody titers are sustained at 1 year and complemented by functional memory T cell responses. The AAVCOVID vector has no relevant pre-existing immunity in humans and does not elicit cross-reactivity to common AAVs used in gene therapy. Vector genome persistence and expression wanes following injection. The single low-dose requirement, high-yield manufacturability, and 1-month stability for storage at room temperature may make this technology well suited to support effective immunization campaigns for emerging pathogens on a global scale.
Whole‐Genome Amplification of Single‐Cell Genomes for Next‐Generation Sequencing (2013)

DNA sequence analysis and genotyping of biological samples using next-generation sequencing (NGS), microarrays, or real-time PCR is often limited by the small amount of sample available. A single cell contains only one to four copies of the genomic DNA, depending on the organism (haploid or diploid organism) and the cell-cycle phase. The DNA content of a single cell ranges from a few femtograms in bacteria to picograms in mammalia. In contrast, a deep analysis of the genome currently requires a few hundred nanograms up to micrograms of genomic DNA for library formation necessary for NGS sequencing or labeling protocols (e.g., microarrays). Consequently, accurate whole-genome amplification (WGA) of single-cell DNA is required for reliable genetic analysis (e.g., NGS) and is particularly important when genomic DNA is limited. The use of single-cell WGA has enabled the analysis of genomic heterogeneity of individual cells (e.g., somatic genomic variation in tumor cells). This unit describes how the genome of single cells can be used for WGA for further genomic studies, such as NGS. Recommendations for isolation of single cells are given and common sources of errors are discussed.
Simultaneous measurement of neutron and gamma-ray radiation levels from a TRIGA reactor core using silicon carbide semiconductor detectors (1999)

The ability of a silicon carbide radiation detector to measure neutron and gamma radiation levels in a TRIGA reactor's mixed neutron/gamma field was demonstrated. Linear responses to epicadmium neutron fluence rate (up to 3/spl times/10/sup 7/ cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/) and to gamma dose rate (0.6-234 krad-Si h/sup -1/) were obtained with the detector. Axial profiles of the reactor core's neutron and gamma-ray radiation levels were successfully generated through sequential measurements along the length of the core. The SiC detector shows a high level of precision for both neutrons and gamma rays in high-intensity radiation environments-1.9% for neutrons and better than 0.6% for gamma rays. These results indicate that SiC detectors are well suited for applications such as spent fuel monitoring where measurements in mixed neutron/gamma fields are desired.
Copper toxicity in Wilson disease explained in a new way (2011)

Wilson disease (WD) is a rare hereditary condition that is caused by a genetic defect in the copper-transporting ATPase ATP7B that results in hepatic copper accumulation and lethal liver failure. The present study focuses on the structural mitochondrial alterations that precede clinical symptoms in the livers of rats lacking Atp7b, an animal model for WD. Liver mitochondria from these Atp7b-/- rats contained enlarged cristae and widened intermembrane spaces, which coincided with a massive mitochondrial accumulation of copper. These changes, however, preceded detectable deficits in oxidative phosphorylation and biochemical signs of oxidative damage, suggesting that the ultrastructural modifications were not the result of oxidative stress imposed by copper-dependent Fenton chemistry. In a cell-free system containing a reducing dithiol agent, isolated mitochondria exposed to copper underwent modifications that were closely related to those observed in vivo. In this cell-free system, copper induced thiol modifications of three abundant mitochondrial membrane proteins, and this correlated with reversible intramitochondrial membrane crosslinking, which was also observed in liver mitochondria from Atp7b-/- rats. In vivo, copper-chelating agents reversed mitochondrial accumulation of copper, as well as signs of intramitochondrial membrane crosslinking, thereby preserving the functional and structural integrity of mitochondria. Together, these findings suggest that the mitochondrion constitutes a pivotal target of copper in WD.
Antiviral activity of a conjugate of adenine-9-beta-D-arabinofuranoside 5'-monophosphate and a 9 kDa fragment of arabinogalactan. (1996)

An arabinogalactan conjugate containing a 9 kDa fragment of arabinogalactan and adenine-9-beta-D-arabinofuranoside 5'-monophosphate (araAMP), denoted AG(9 kDa)-araAMP, has been synthesized and characterized. In 2.2.15 (human hepatoblastoma) cells, the attachment of araAMP to AG(9 kDa), a ligand of the asialoglycoprotein receptor, decreased the effective concentration for inhibiting extracellular hepatitis B virus (HBV) production by 90% (EC90) from 17 to 0.9 microM adenine arabinoside (araA) equivalents, and increased the cytotoxic concentration (CC50) from 188 to > 17 300 microM araA equivalents. Hence, the selectivity index (CC50/EC90) of araA was improved from 11 (188/17) to > 19200 (17 300/0.9) by conjugation with the 9 kDa fragment of arabinogalactan. AG(9 kDa)-araAMP did not affect the production of viral RNA or viral proteins. In the woodchuck hepatitis model, AG(9 kDa)-araAMP inhibited woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA replication at a dose of 0.3 mg of araA equivalents per kg; in this case, AG(9 kDa)-araAMP was 20-30 times more potent than was unconjugated araA. AG(9 kDa)-araAMP was effective by intramuscular or subcutaneous administration. The reduction in HBV DNA levels obtained in 2.2.15 cells and of WHV DNA levels in woodchucks was sustained after treatment with AG(9 kDa)-araAMP ceased. In both cases, viral DNA gradually returned to pre-treatment levels.
Antinuclear autoantibodies in chronic schizophrenia (1995)

We determined the presence of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA), antinative DNA and histone-reactive ANA in 3 groups of chronic schizophrenic patients (n=85): haloperidol-treated patients (for at least 3 months) (n=35), drug-free for at least 3 months (n=35) and neuroleptic-naive patients (n=15). The autoantibody titers were compared with those of healthy controls (n=37). A significantly higher frequency of positive ANA was found among chronic schizophrenic patients (approximately 20%) as compared with the controls (approximately 5%), irrespective of drug treatment, sex and age. No antinative ANA autoantibodies or histone reactive ANA were detected in either schizophrenic patients or controls. Further studies are needed to isolate and characterize in ANA-positive schizophrenic patients a putative specific ANA profile.