gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D‐printed bioresorbable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) and quantum‐dot nanocomposites: Scaffolds for enhanced bone mineralization and inbuilt co‐monitoring (2021)

Multifunctional 3D-printed nanocomposites based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), that is, PLGA (RESOMER® LG857S) were developed for simultaneous monitoring of cells and scaffold as a function of time and spectral responses. These were achieved by impregnating carbon quantum dots (CQDs) on PLGA using melt-blending, plasticating extrusion, and 3D-printing. The nanocomposites enabled enhanced bio-affinity and cellular interactions for bone tissue engineering (TE). PLGA (control) and PLGA-CQD scaffolds were used for growing human adipose-derived-stem-cells (ADSCs) and tested for cell biocompatibility, cellular adhesion, growth, and osteogenesis. CQDs were found to enhance the hydrophilicity of nanocomposites and promote cellular nesting. MTS assays confirmed that CQDs on PLGA act as cell anchoring sites, thereby enhancing seeding efficiency and cell proliferation. Alkaline phosphate tests showed increased osteogenesis and Alizarin assays confirmed enhanced bone mineralization on PLGA-CQD. The qPCR tests based on selected mRNA expressions showed that the incorporation of CQDs significantly enhanced osteogenesis of ADSCs during all three phases of cell differentiation. The intrinsic luminescence of the composites allowed label-free monitoring of cell proliferation and bone mineralization on the scaffolds. Thus, the CQDs facilitated significant enhancements in composite processability with customized fabrication of 3D printed scaffolds, bone tissue osteoconductivity, and monitoring of cell-scaffold activities, offering multifunctional benefits for bone TE.
CSG-1: Manufacturing a New Polycrystalline Silicon PV Technology (2006)

Crystalline Silicon on Glass (CSG) is a polycrystalline silicon PV (photovoltaic) technology that requires less than two micrometers of silicon thickness. At the time of this writing in April 2006, production of CSG solar panels is just beginning in a full-scale factory known as CSG-1. It was only 14 months ago, in February 2005, that groundbreaking for this factory occurred. At that time, the technology had only been demonstrated in 900-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> laboratory samples. This article discusses some of the challenges faced in taking a new PV technology from R&D into production in such a short period of time. Photos of the equipment used for each of the key steps are shown and the experience of commissioning the process is discussed
Biomedical Paper Task Decomposition of Laparoscopic Surgery for Objective Evaluation of Surgical Residents' Learning Curve Using Hidden Markov Model (2002)

Objective: Evaluation of the laparoscopic surgical skills of surgical residents is usually a subjective process carried out in the operating room by senior surgeons. The two hypotheses of the current study were: (1) haptic information and tool/tissue interactions (types and transitions) per- formed in laparoscopic surgery are skill-dependent, and (2) statistical models (Hidden Markov Models—HMMs) incorporating these data are capable of objectively evaluating laparoscopic surgical skills. Materials and Methods: Eight subjects (six residents—two first-year (R1), two third-year (R3), and two fifth-year (R5)—and two expert laparoscopic surgeons) performed laparoscopic cho- lecystectomy on pigs using an instrumented grasper equipped with force/torque (F/T) sensors at the hand/tool interface, and F/T data was synchronized with video of the operative maneuvers. Fourteen types of tool/tissue (T/T) interactions, each associated with unique F/T signatures, were defined from frame-by-frame video analysis. HMMs for each subject and step of the operation were com- pared to evaluate the statistical distance between expert surgeons and residents with different skill levels. Results: The statistical distances between HMMs representing expert surgeons and resi- dents were significantly different ( < 0.05). Major differences occurred in: (1) F/T magnitudes; (2) type of T/T interactions and transitions between them; and (3) time intervals for each T/T inter- action and overall completion time. The greatest difference in performance was between R1 (junior trainee) and R3 (midlevel trainee). Smaller changes were seen as expertise increased beyond the R3 level. Conclusion: HMMs incorporating haptic and visual information provide an objective tool for evaluating surgical skills. Objective evidence for a learning curve suggests that surgical residents acquire a major portion of their laparoscopic skill between year 1 and year 3 of training. Comp Aid
Reduced Losses in Die-Cast Machines With Insulated Rotors (2010)

This paper reports an investigation into the influence of interbar currents on the performance of die-cast cage induction machines. This work is based on an extensive set of experimental measurements using a series of specially made die-cast cage induction motors with bars insulated using alternate processes. Experimental measurements were undertaken separately by the industrial manufacturer and at the university laboratories, and these clearly demonstrate that increasing the insulation of the rotor cage inhibits the flow of interbar current and reduces the total motor losses and increases the motor efficiency as a consequence. The experimental measurements were further validated using an analytical interbar model. Further experimental measurements also demonstrate that insulating the rotor cage also modifies the stator torque in a counterintuitive fashion.
A comprehensive study of the use of temporal moments in time-resolved diffuse optical tomography: part I. Theoretical material (2009)

The problem of fluorescence diffuse optical tomography consists in localizing fluorescent markers from near-infrared light measurements. Among the different available acquisition modalities, the time-resolved modality is expected to provide measurements of richer information content. To extract this information, the moments of the time-resolved measurements are often considered. In this paper, a theoretical analysis of the moments of the forward problem in fluorescence diffuse optical tomography is proposed for the infinite medium geometry. The moments are expressed as a function of the source, detector and markers positions as well as the optical properties of the medium and markers. Here, for the first time, an analytical expression holding for any moments order is mathematically derived. In addition, analytical expressions of the mean, variance and covariance of the moments in the presence of noise are given. These expressions are used to demonstrate the increasing sensitivity of moments to noise. Finally, the newly derived expressions are illustrated by means of sensitivity maps. The physical interpretation of the analytical formulae in conjunction with their map representations could provide new insights into the analysis of the information content provided by moments.
R&D Progress of Next-Generation Very Thin HITtm Solar Cells (2010)

In order to reduce the power-generating cost of crystalline silicon-based solar cells, it is necessary to achieve a high conversion efficiency with thinner crystalline silicon wafers. The Voc of a very thin HIT solar cell reached 747 mV by improving the passivation capability of the a-Si/c-Si interface. The Hall mobility of a transparent conductive oxide increased 1.3 times. With these technical improvements, the conversion efficiency of the HIT solar cell rose to 23.0%. In order to suppress the production cost, we also applied these improvements to thin HIT solar cells. We successfully obtained a conversion efficiency of 22.8% for a 98-μm-thick HIT solar cell. Because of its excellent conversion efficiency, the HIT solar cell has received much attention, and many researchers have been studying amorphous–silicon/crystalline-silicon heterojunction solar cells.
MPEG-4 video object-based rate allocation with variable temporal rates (2002)

In object-based coding, bit allocation is performed at the object level and temporal rates of different objects may vary. The proposed algorithm deals with these two issues when coding multiple video objects (MVOs). The proposed algorithm is able to successfully achieve the target bit rate, effectively code arbitrarily shaped MVOs with different temporal rates, and maintain a stable buffer level.
ChemInform Abstract: MxMn8O16 (M: Ag or K) as Promising Cathode Materials for Secondary Mg Based Batteries: The Role of the Cation M. (2016)

Abstract The Ag x Mn 8 O 16 (I) and K x Mn 8 O 16 (II) tunneled manganese dioxides are prepared by low‐temperature methods according to the literature and used as high voltage cathode materials for Mg‐based batteries.
Ultrafiltration of Acid Whey in a Spiral‐Wound Unit: Effect of Operating Parameters on Membrane Fouling (1983)

ABSTRACT Membrane fouling by acid (cottage cheese) whey could be minimized by appropriate pH adjustment and removal of insoluble particulates. Acidifying pasteurized whey to pH 2 or 3 followed by conventional centrifugal clarification (e.g. 5000g for 20–30 sec) significantly improved flux over that of unadjusted whey. Neutralizing whey to pH 7 was also just as effective provided resulting insoluble particles could be removed efficiently. Operating at 50°C was slightly more beneficial than 40° or 30°C. High flow rates were beneficial only if transmembrane pressure was below some critical value (about 50 psig or 350 kPa in this case). At pressures higher than this, high flow rates significantly increased fouling rates. After prolonged operating time, neither flow rate nor pressure appeared to have a significant effect, due perhaps to a change in the mode of fouling from surface deposition to pore adsorption.
GaN laser diodes for quantum sensing and optical atomic clocks (2023)

Quantum technologies containing key GaN laser components will enable a new generation of precision sensors, optical atomic clocks and secure communication systems for many applications such as next generation navigation, gravity mapping and timing since the AlGaInN material system allows for laser diodes to be fabricated over a wide range of wavelengths from the U.V. to the visible. We report our latest results on a range of AlGaInN diode-lasers targeted to meet the linewidth, wavelength and power requirements suitable for quantum sensors such as optical clocks and cold-atom interferometry systems. This includes the [5s<sup>2</sup>S<sub>1/2</sub>-5p<sup>2</sup>P<sub>1/2</sub>] cooling transition in strontium<sup>+</sup> ion optical clocks at 422 nm, the [5s<sub>2</sub><sup>1</sup>S<sub>0</sub>-5p<sup>1</sup>P<sub>1</sub>] cooling transition in neutral strontium clocks at 461 nm and the [5s<sup>2</sup>s<sub>1/2</sub> – 6p<sup>2</sup>P<sub>3/2</sub>] transition in rubidium at 420 nm. Several approaches are taken to achieve the required linewidth, wavelength and power, including an extended cavity laser diode (ECLD) system and an on-chip grating, distributed feedback (DFB) GaN laser diode.
The recombinant congenic strains for analysis of multigenic traits: genetic composition (1992)

The genetic control of susceptibility to many common diseases, including cancer, is multigenic both in humans and in animals. This genetic complexity has presented a major obstacle in mapping the relevant genes. As a consequence, most geneticists and molecular biologists presently focus on "single gene" diseases. To make the multigenic diseases accessible to genetic and molecular analysis, we developed a novel genetic tool, the recombinant congenic strains (RCS) in the mouse (4). The RC strains are produced by inbreeding of mice of the second backcross generation between two inbred strains, one of which serves as the "donor" and the other as the "background" strain. A series of RCS consists of approximately 20 strains, each carrying a different set of genes: approximately 12.5% genes from the common donor inbred strain, the remaining 87.5% from the common background inbred strain. As the set of donor strain genes in each RC strain is different, the nonlinked genes of the donor strain involved in the control of a multigenic trait, e.g., cancer susceptibility, become distributed into different RC strains where they can be analyzed one by one. Hence, the RCS system transforms a multigenic trait into a series of single gene traits, where each gene contributing to the multigenic control can be mapped and studied separately. Recently we demonstrated that the RCS system is indeed capable of resolving multigenic traits, which are hardly analyzable otherwise, by mapping four new colon tumor susceptibility loci (8; P. C. Groot, C. J. A. Moen, W. Dietrich, L. F. M. van Zutphen, E. S. Lander, and P. Demant, unpublished results). For successful application of the RCS system, extensive genetic characterization of the individual recombinant congenic strains is essential. In this paper we present detailed information about the genetic composition of three series of RC strains on the basis of typing of 120-180 markers distributed along all autosomes. The data indicate that the relative representation of the donor strain genes in the RC strains does not deviate from the theoretical expectation, and that the RC strains achieved a very high degree of genetic homogeneity and for all practical purposes can be considered inbred strains. The density and distribution of markers reported here permits an effective mapping of unknown genes of donor strain origin at almost all autosomal locations. Much of this information has been obtained using the new class of genetic markers, the simple sequence repeat polymorphisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A modular click ligand-directed approach to label endogenous aminergic GPCRs in live cells (2022)

New technologies based on luminescence have been essential to monitor the organization, signaling, trafficking or ligand binding of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), but they rely on the overexpression of genetically modified receptors. As more and more studies indicate the importance of studying native receptors in their natural environment, it is essential to develop approaches allowing the specific labeling of native receptors. Here we report an innovative ligand directed approach to specifically label residues of native GPCRs upon ligand binding. To this end, we developed a ligand-directed toolbox based on a novel approach that uses molecular modules to build fluorescent ligand-directed probes that can label an archetypical aminergic GPCR (D1R). Our probes can be readily prepared before the labeling reaction from two molecular modules: an activated electrophilic linker which includes a fluorescent dye and a GPCR ligand that may include nucleophilic groups. Thanks to a fast and specific click reaction, the nucleophilic ligand can barely react with the activated linker before it is bound to the native target GPCR and the labeling reaction occurs. Subsequently, the ligand unbinds the GPCR pocket, leaving the receptor fluorescently labeled and fully functional. This novel labeling approach allowed us to label both D1 receptor in transfected cells and native receptors in neuronal cell lines. This approach will pave the way to develop new reagents and assays to monitor endogenous GPCRs distribution, trafficking, activity or binding properties in their native environment.
Protein expression profiles of intestinal epithelial co-cultures: effect of functionalised carbon nanotube exposure (2013)

To assess the biological effects of low level, water dispersible, functionalised carbon nanotube (f-CNT) exposure in an in vitro model simulating the digestive tract, cellular protein expression was quantified and compared using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry (LFQMS). Co-cultured cells were exposed to well-characterised SWCNT-COOH, MWCNT-COOH, and MWCNT-PVP. The relative expression of 2,282 unique proteins was compared across the dose groups. 428 proteins were found to be differentially expressed. At the high dose, the extent of differential protein expression was CNT-specific and directly related to CNT colloidal stability. Cells responded to low level MWCNT-PVP exposure with three-fold greater differential expression. Bioinformatic analysis indicated significant and f-CNT-specific effects on relevant molecular and cellular functions and canonical pathways, with little overlap across f-CNT type and in the absence of overt toxicity.
SOLUPLUS® FOR MODIFYING THE RELEASE OF HIGHLY WATER SOLUBLE APIs (2012)

Well established techniques for increasing the solubility of poorly water soluble APIs are available. However, formulating highly water soluble APIs into dosage forms exhibiting modified release profile is gaining interest. In this work a new application for Soluplus®, a graft copolymer, is launched. A novel approach where Soluplus® is used as a dissolution modifying agent for highly water soluble APIs is introduced. Acetaminophen (APAP) and guaifenesin (GF) were used as model water soluble APIs. 95:5 and 90:10 ratios of respective API and Soluplus® were either physically mixed (PM) together or melted together on a hot plate. Melts were investigated using DSC and XRPD and compacts were submitted to dissolution studies. In case of APAP:Soluplus® a single melting event with an onset similar to pure APAP was determined by DSC. The XRPD diffractogram of molten material exhibited an amorphous halo, however further processing caused the material to crystallize. The compacts made of ground molten materials had a similar release profile and showed a slower release compared to compacts prepared from PMs. When GF:Soluplus® melts were submitted to DSC a single melting event occurred. The onset of this event did not match with the melting event of pure GF. The XRPD diffractogram of the molten samples revealed that a new polymorphic form of GF had crystallized. GF:Soluplus® compacts made of molten material revealed faster release of GF compared to compacts made of PMs of GF:Soluplus®. Using Soluplus® as a dissolution modifying agent enables tailoring of the release of the API. In this work the release of two highly water soluble APIs was modified by two different methods. Furthermore, presence of a new polymorphic form of GF was identified.
Protein synthesis is shutdown in dormantMycobacterium tuberculosisand is reversed by oxygen or heat shock (1998)

Oxygen-limiting conditions are critical to the survival of the bacteria in tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can survive anaerobiosis in vitro for long periods of time only after a gradual transition to a microaerophilic stationary phase. The underlying mechanism behind stationary phase adaption needs to be elucidated. The protein profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during long-term stationary phase growth and under strict anaerobic incubation were monitored by [35S]methionine labelling, SDS-PAGE and fluorography. These experiments have established that protein synthesis gradually decreased over 50 days in the long-term stationary phase cultures which were considered to be microaerophilic. There was an 80% linear decrease in the level of total protein synthesis during the first 40 days of microaerophilic growth and then the rate of protein synthesis faded quickly. For the first time we have shown that total protein synthesis shutdown occurred when bacilli were incubated under further anaerobic conditions. Viability, estimated by cfu counts, remained constant during stationary phase growth and under anaerobic incubation. Furthermore, when oxygen was introduced into the anaerobic culture, protein synthesis restarted. Also heat shock at 45 degrees C, 48 degrees C and 50 degrees C rapidly induced protein synthesis in stationary and anaerobic cultures. These data indicate that dormant bacteria shut down protein synthesis but remain responsive to specific stimuli which restore protein synthesis. In addition the dormant bacilli induced by anaerobiosis developed more heat resistance than nondormant organisms.
Two‐Dimensional Materials: 25th Anniversary Article: MXenes: A New Family of Two‐Dimensional Materials (Adv. Mater. 7/2014) (2014)

An atomistic model of Ti2CO2 intercalated with Li on the background of Ti3C2 MXene - a member of a new family of 2D transition metal carbides is presented. Metallic conductivity and ability to intercalate ions make MXenes promising for energy storage applications, such as batteries and supercapacitors. Their electronic and chemical properties can be tuned by controlling their surface terminations. This work is reviewed by Y. Gogotsi and co-workers on page 992. Credit: Babak Anasori and Vadym Mochalin.
Facial Palsy and Reconstruction (2012)

This article outlines a thorough approach to facial nerve palsy and reconstruction.
Synthesis of Butane‐Like SiGe Hydrides: Enabling Precursors for CVD of Ge‐Rich Semiconductors. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Herpes simplex virus vector-mediated dystrophin gene transfer and expression in MDX mouse skeletal muscle (1999)

Highly defective HSV-1 vectors which lack the ability to spread systemically and are greatly reduced in toxicity for infected cells, thus removing an impediment to prolonged transgene expression, can direct the delivery and proper expression of full-length dystrophin whose considerable size is compatible with few other modes of delivery. These vectors may offer a legitimate opportunity toward the development of effective gene therapy treatments for DMD.
Antioxidants reduce TGF‐beta2‐induced gene expressions in human optic nerve head astrocytes (2012)

In cultured human ONH astrocytes, the TGF-β2-stimulated gene expressions could be reduced by pretreatment with vitamin E, vitamin C and vitamin B1. Therefore, the use of antioxidants in glaucomatous optic neuropathy might be a promising approach to prevent TGF-β2-induced cellular changes in ONH astrocytes.
Vaccination with mRNA-Electroporated Dendritic Cells Induces Robust Tumor Antigen-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Responses in Stage III and IV Melanoma Patients (2012)

Vaccination with mRNA-electroporated DC induces a broad repertoire of IFNγ producing TAA-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell responses, particularly in stage III melanoma patients.
Melanoma Lesions Independently Acquire T-cell Resistance during Metastatic Latency (2016)

Melanoma often recurs after a latency period of several years, presenting a T cell-edited phenotype that reflects a role for CD8(+) T cells in maintaining metastatic latency. Here, we report an investigation of a patient with multiple recurrent lesions, where poorly immunogenic melanoma phenotypes were found to evolve in the presence of autologous tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. Melanoma cells from two of three late recurrent metastases, developing within a 6-year latency period, lacked HLA class I expression. CD8(+) T cell-resistant, HLA class I-negative tumor cells became clinically apparent 1.5 and 6 years into stage IV disease. Genome profiling by SNP arrays revealed that HLA class I loss in both metastases originated from a shared chromosome 15q alteration and independently acquired focal B2M gene deletions. A third HLA class I haplotype-deficient lesion developed in year 3 of stage IV disease that acquired resistance toward dominant CD8(+) T-cell clonotypes targeting stage III tumor cells. At an early stage, melanoma cells showed a dedifferentiated c-Jun(high)/MITF(low) phenotype, possibly associated with immunosuppression, which contrasted with a c-Jun(low)/MITF(high) phenotype of T cell-edited tumor cells derived from late metastases. In summary, our work shows how tumor recurrences after long-term latency evolve toward T-cell resistance by independent genetic events, as a means for immune escape and immunotherapeutic resistance. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4347-58. ©2016 AACR.