gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the operating characteristics of a 12 stepped-cavity relativistic magnetron with axial extraction driven by an “F” transparent cathode using particle-in-cell simulations (2016)

We explore the performance of a 12 stepped-cavity relativistic magnetron with axial extraction (12 stepped-cavity RMDO) driven by an “F” transparent cathode (the “F” transparent cathode is a coaxial transparent cathode with two azimuthal periods of increased thickness and which looks like the letter “F,” so we call it “F” transparent cathode) through particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. It is shown that using the “F” transparent cathode, an electronic efficiency of 70% with gigawatt output power is obtained while reducing the axial leakage current by about 50% compared to using the usual transparent cathode. Further PIC simulations demonstrate that frequency bifurcation occurs and mode switching can be achieved using several hundred kilowatts input RF power in the 12 stepped-cavity RMDO driven by an “F” transparent cathode. For example, it was found that using an applied driver power of 180 kW for 10 ns, the operating TE31 mode can be switched to the TE41 mode. It is also found that the secondary electron and backscattered electron emission and axial leakage current were two disturbing factors for the 12 stepped-cavity RMDO when it works at a stable operation mode but when the 12 stepped-cavity RMDO works near the critical magnetic field at the boundary between two modes, these two factors would lead to the operation modes changing.
Novel Co‐Catalytic Activities of Solid and Liquid Phase Catalysts in High‐Rate Li‐Air Batteries (2022)

Abstract Li‐air batteries are considered strong candidates for the next‐generation energy storage systems designed for electrical transportation. However, low cyclability and current rates are two major drawbacks that hinder them from further realization. These issues necessitate the discovery of novel materials to significantly enhance the redox process of discharge products. In this study, a novel catalytic system comprised of tin sulfide (SnS) nanoflakes as a solid catalyst and tin iodide (SnI 2 ) as a dual‐functional electrolyte additive is discovered. This system enables operating the battery at high current rates up to 10 000 mA g −1 (corresponding to 1 mA cm −2 ). The SnS catalyst shows outstanding catalytic activity for both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions compared to carbon, noble metals, and other transition metal dichalcogenides. It also exhibits good structural integrity at high rates. The computations indicate numerous possible oxygen reduction sites without oxygen dissociations on the SnS surface through solution mechanism that is likely responsible for the formation of Li 2 O 2 . The calculations also indicate that the role of the SnI 2 is not only reacting with the lithium anode to provide protection but reducing the charge potential by promoting catalytic decomposition of the Li 2 O 2 . This work provides new novel additives for designing high‐rate Li‐air batteries.
Modifications ultrastructurales de la surface des cellules BHK 21/13 transforméES, DÉPENDANT DE NUCLÉOTIDES DE L'ADÉNINE (1970)

Abstract ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF THE SURFACE OF BHK 21/13 TRANSFORMED CELLS, DEPENDING ON ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES BHK 21/13 cells transformed by either RNA or DNA oncogenic viruses have a modified surface, as shown, at the ultrastructural level, by an increase in the affinity of this surface for the dye ruthenium red. This increase takes place only when the cells have been grown in the presence of adenine nucleotides. Since the same nucleotides are required for the growth of these cells in agarose medium containing sulfated polysaccharides, it is suggested that this transformation character is related to the observed surface changes.
A Study of a Cooling Configuration for an OFHC Copper Rebuncher (2018)

A four gap OFHC copper rebuncher is developed at SNRC as a research study and a risk reduction for the MEBT of SARAF Phase II proton/ deuteron linac. The rebuncher is designed to bunch a 5 mA CW beam at 176 MHz. The required cavity voltage according to beam dynamics evaluation is 150 kV with a beam aperture diameter of 40 mm at a beam energy of 1.3 MeV/u with a Q value of 8000. Considering utilizing this cavity for enhancing the beam energy, the cooling configuration is explored for a cavity voltage of 300 kV, consuming 20 kW dissipated power, at a peak electric field of 16 MV/m, equivalent to the Kilpatrick limit. The electro magnetic study conducted with the CST RF simulation package was reproduced at ANSYS HFSS. The simulated dissipated power along the rebuncher for 20 kW forward power injected through the coupler port with the HFSS driven model were assigned to the ANSYS Fluent model to explore the resulted temperature map. Several evolved cooling configurations were studied, including cooling of the drift tubes. In this configuration the temperature rise along the cavity is in the range of 30 K. A detailed design of the four gap rebuncher is following this study.
CIRCULATING LEVELS OF PHTHALATES AND SEX HORMONES IN A POPULATION-BASED SAMPLE (2013)

Background: Phthalates are high-volume chemicals used in the production of plastics and various other compounds. Although they are traditionally regarded as PPAR-receptor agonists, effects on reproductive organs have been reported. Aims: To evaluate the relationships between circulating levels of four phthalate metabolites and sex hormones in humans. Methods: Plasma samples from 1000 70-year-old subjects were analyzed as part of a large population-based study (Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors). Eleven sex steroids and four phthalate metabolites were quantified, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Women with current/previous menopausal hormone therapy were excluded from evaluation. Results: Concentration of MEP, MiBP and MMP were positively associated with concentrations of estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) in men (all p&lt;0.005), concentration of MEP was positively associated with DEHA and pregnenolone, while concentrations of MiBP and MMP were negatively associated with concentrations of DEHA and pregnenolone. MEHP on the other hand was associated with the E2/testosterone ratio and concentrations of SHBG in women only (all p&lt;0.005). Conclusions: Our data suggest that concentrations of circulating phthalate metabolites are associated with concentrations of sex hormones in samples of elderly subjects. Physiological effects of different phthalates are likely different and should be studied.
Aluminum Pad Plasticity-Related Bump Failure During Temperature Cycling (2021)

Temperature cycling has been used as a reliability test for electronic products. Due to large thermal mismatch between silicon chip and substrate, stress is developed at the bump interconnection during temperature cycling. Multiple bump failure modes have been observed during temperature cycling tests, such as aluminum pad (AP) crack, polyimide (PI) crack and delamination, silicon passivation crack and delamination, AP/under bump metallization (UBM) interfacial delamination, etc. It is important to understand the failure mechanisms underlying these failure modes. In this study, finite element models have been developed to understand the potential failure mechanisms of these failure modes. It is shown that the failure modes are related to aluminum plasticity. A mechanistic model is proposed in this study to expose the impact of aluminum plasticity on the stress increase in the overlaying layers on the aluminum pad. It demonstrates that the stress increase within the overlaying layer, such as silicon passivation, was caused due to plasticity of aluminum pad. Thus, the plasticity effect of aluminum pad must be considered to capture the failure mode related to the overlaying layers. A three-dimensional model was further developed to evaluate the failure metrics associated to different failure modes. Simulation analysis also evaluates the impact of copper pillar height, AP size, and PI opening (PIO) on these failure modes. The results help to optimize design factors to mitigate the bump failure risk.
A 4 kb/s hybrid MELP/CELP speech coding candidate for ITU standardization (2002)

This paper presents an improved 4 kb/s hybrid MELP/CELP speech coder submitted as a candidate for ITU standardization. The coder uses three modes: a high-quality MELP coder for strongly voiced speech frames, an ACELP coder with pitch prediction for weakly voiced frames, and a stochastic CELP coder for unvoiced frames. We present recent enhancements to this coder, both to improve speech quality and to reduce coder complexity. Previous lTU Selection Testing results on an earlier version of this coder showed that it met nearly all requirements for toll-quality speech, more than any other candidate. Our internal testing shows that the current reduced-complexity fixed-point coder maintains this high performance.
Distributed Consensus in Wireless Networks With Probabilistic Broadcast Scheduling (2023)

We consider distributed average consensus in a wireless network with partial communication to reduce the number of transmissions in every iteration/round. Considering the broadcast nature of wireless channels, we propose a probabilistic approach that schedules a subset of nodes for broadcasting information to their neighbors in every round. We compare several heuristic methods for assigning the node broadcast probabilities under a fixed number of transmissions per round. Furthermore, we introduce a pre-compensation method to correct the bias between the consensus value and the average of the initial values, and suggest possible extensions for our design. Our results are particularly relevant for developing communication-efficient consensus protocols in a wireless environment with limited frequency/time resources.
Molecular Energy and Electron Transfer Assemblies Made of Self‐Organized Lipid‐Porphyrin Bilayer Vesicles (2003)

Novel molecular energy and electron transfer assemblies in vesicular form, which are made of self-organized amphiphilic porphyrins bearing phospholipid-like substituents (lipid-porphyrins), have been photochemically characterized. Tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) derivatives with four dialkylphosphocholine groups [free-base (1 a), Zn(2+) complex (1 b), and Fe(3+) complex (1 c)] are spontaneously associated in water to form spherical unilamellar vesicles with a diameter of 100-150 nm. Exciton calculations based on the bilayered sheet model of 1 b, which has a porphyrin packing similar to that seen in the triclinic unit cell of the Zn(2+)TPP crystals, reproduced the Soret band bathochromic shift appearing in the aqueous solution of 1 b well. The UV/Vis absorption spectrum of the 1 a/1 b hybrid vesicles (molar ratio: 1/1) showed no electronic interaction between the two porphyrin chromophores in the ground state, but efficient intermolecular singlet-singlet energy transfer took place from the excited 1 b donors to the 1 a acceptor within the vesicle. Near-field scanning optical microspectroscopy of the 1 a/1 b vesicles on a graphite surface also showed only free-base porphyrin fluorescence. The efficiency of the energy transfer was 0.81 and the rate constant was 3.1 x 10(9) s(-1). On the other hand, protoporphyrin IX bearing two alkylphosphocholine propionates (2) was incorporated into the 1 a or 1 c bilayer vesicles (ca. 100 nm phi, molar ratio: 1 a/2 or 1 c/2=10). The UV/Vis absorption spectrum showed that 2 was successfully anchored into the fluid alkylene region of the membrane without stacking. Photoirradiation (lambda(ex): 390 nm) of the 1 c/2 vesicles in the presence of triethanolamine led a vectorial electron transfer from the outer aqueous phase to the membrane center, which allowed reduction of the ferric ion of the Fe(3+)TPP platform.
Material Properties for the Simulation of Cold Pressing of Armstrong CP-Ti Powders (2010)

A review of the mechanical property data needed for the process simulation of cold pressing was conducted. The material property data for the newly developed low-cost commercially pure titanium, CP-Ti, powders made by Armstrong process was presented. The following data was obtained from mechanical testing: Youngs modulus, bulk modulus, failure line for the plasticity model. The Youngs modulus and bulk modulus were obtained from the uniaxial compression tests of a cylinder. The failure line for the plasticity model was obtained from failure compression tests. Materials testing software was written to provide automatic test control and data acquisition during material testing, such as axial displacement, axial stress, radial strain, and failure stress.
20 x 960-Gb/s MDM-DP-32QAM transmission over 60km FMF with inline MM-EDFA (2013)

We show transmission of 20 wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) x 3 mode-division-multiplexed (MDM) x 320-Gb/s DP-32QAM modulated channels (spectral efficiency (SE) of 15 bits/s/Hz) over 60km of few-mode fiber (FMF) with inline multi-mode EDFA (MM-EDFA).
First 80-Gb/s and 160-Gb/s Wavelength-Converted Data Stream Measurements in a Silicon Waveguide (2010)

Data fidelity is inspected for the first time for wavelength-converted RZ TDM 80- and 160-Gb/s data using four-wave mixing in a silicon waveguide. Open eye diagrams and error-free operation is shown for demultiplexed 10-Gb/s tributaries.
The influence of the distribution system structure on distortion emission and propagation (2005)

This paper presents an investigative approach for studying the influence of power distribution system structure on system sensitivity in the scope of harmonic distortion. Thereby, a method based on eigenvalue decomposition of the nodal admittance matrix is introduced in order to find weak nodes of the power system. An illustrative example explains the basic properties of the method. Furthermore, a real distribution network is modeled, where some measurements have been carried out to reflect in the admittance matrix the real relation between connected loads. Applying the method to the studied network it is shown that the system structure changes introduced by the method can improve the system sensitivity at a chosen harmonic order. Moreover, it is shown that harmonic elimination at one point of the network does not always lead to improved reliability in whole system. It is found that the eigenvalue decomposition approach gives very promising results in the scope of finding weak nodes and branches in a system with regard to harmonic distortion.
PLP2: Autoregressive modeling of auditory-like 2-D spectro-temporal patterns (2004)

The temporal trajectories of the spectral energy in auditory critical bands over 250 ms segments are approximated by an all-pole model, the time-domain dual of conventional linear prediction. This quarter-second auditory spectro-temporal pattern is further smoothed by iterative alternation of spectral and temporal all-pole modeling. Just as Perceptual Linear Prediction (PLP) uses an autoregressive model in the frequency domain to estimate peaks in an auditory-like short-term spectral slice, PLP2 uses all-pole modeling in both time and frequency domains to estimate peaks of a two-dimensional spectrotemporal pattern, motivated by considerations of the auditory system.
Evaluation of preserved allogenic grafts of rabbit costal cartilage with live perichondrium. (1977)

Relationship loss is a fundamental life experience for all human beings. It is the experience of losing someone significant such as a parent, friend or lover. Whether it is through the breakup of a romantic relationship, the passing away of a family member, or in other ways, coping with loss is inevitable for all individuals. Besides inevitable, coping with loss is highly individual because people differ strongly in terms of how they experience loss and in terms of the strategies they use to cope with their loss. Loss is a frequently studied subject in various disciplines such as philosophy, psychology and sociology. However, in the design field, loss is relatively less explored. This study aims to explore how design is involved in the experiences of loss and in loss coping. The main proposition in this study is that even though design cannot solve the problem at hand (the loss is a given fact), it can support people in their coping processes. A phenomenological study with 18 participants is reported to understand the roles design plays in people’s loss coping experience. The study consisted of two phases: a sensitizing phase and an interview phase. The results indicated that design can intervene people’s loss experience, and that it can do so both by facilitating and impeding the loss coping process. On the basis of the results, seven main functions are proposed that design can have in the loss coping process.
Mass-selective resonance ion ejection from the external quadrupole static attraction ion trap (2001)

We have developed a method to mass selectively eject ions confined in a novel ion trap; an external quadrupole static attraction ion trap (EQSIT). The resonance ion ejection method is based on the resonance between the secular oscillation of trapped ions and a periodic external field to modulate the trapping potential. We applied the method to a system of hydrogenated silicon cluster ions, SinHx+ and SinHx2+ grown in the EQSIT, and found that only predetermined cluster ions were eliminated from the EQSIT. The method makes it possible not only to eject the confined ions mass selectively from the trap, but also to observe resonance ion ejection spectra of the secular oscillation of the trapped ions. For example, we measured resonance ion ejection spectra of rare gas ions, He+ and Ar+, and thereby analyzed the secular oscillation of the trapped ions.
SCOPE: Synthesis-Based Constant Propagation Attack on Logic Locking (2021)

Hardware intellectual property (IP) piracy and misuse have introduced new challenges in the semiconductor industry as untrusted parties in the IP's life cycle may clone, reverse-engineer, or extract important design secrets from an IP. A promising solution to protect a hardware IP against such attacks is to perform logic locking, where additional logic controlled by a secret key is inserted in strategic locations of an IP to lock the functionality when the correct key is not available. As a multitude of logic locking techniques has emerged in the past decade, the research community has also developed strong attacks against them to expose various vulnerabilities that can be exploited by an adversary to break the protection. While state-of-the-art logic locking solutions have demonstrated provable robustness against known attacks, there is a critical need to explore new attack vectors and mitigate them to achieve a higher level of protection. In this article, we present SCOPE, a novel synthesis-based constant propagation attack for security evaluation of logic locking techniques. SCOPE is oracle-less and requires no knowledge about the locking algorithm or the locked design by an attacker. The introduced attack performs a synthesis-based analysis on each individual key-input port and looks for meaningful design features that may help derive the correct key value. SCOPE offers two attack modes with varying complexity and effectiveness, a linear regression test, and an unsupervised machine-learning analysis. We perform SCOPE to a number of existing locking techniques and demonstrate that the average attack accuracy is 84.13% with high scalability in terms of design size. Based on the vulnerabilities identified by SCOPE, we provide a low-overhead countermeasure that can help mitigate such constant propagation attacks.
Vacuum bag bonding with a high temperature adhesive (1991)

A novel controlled molecular weight form of LARC-TPI polymide that exhibits an exceptionally high degree of melt flow in the 340-360 C temperature range has been developed. This material has been evaluated as a high-temperature adhesive, and because of its flow, cost-effective vacuum bag/oven processing can be used. Comparison of adhesive performance with higher molecular weight forms bonded at higher pressures shows this novel material to be equal in mechanical strength.
Propriétés électro-optiques des hétérostructures épitaxiées sur silicium (1994)

Les progres des techniques de croissance cristalline permettent aujourd'hui de fabriquer sur un substrat de silicium une large variete d'heterostructures epitaxiees a base de siliciures metalliques ou d'alliages silicium-germanium. Les proprietes de discontinuite de bandes electroniques dans les heterojonctions sige/si et les barrieres schottky permettent d'une part d'etendre jusqu'a l'infra-rouge lointain la detection sur silicium du rayonnement electro-magnetique, d'autre part d'obtenir le confinement bidimensionnel (2d) de gaz de porteurs libres a forte morbilite, tres prometteur pour des applications de transistors et circuits rapides sur silicium. C'est a l'etude et a la comprehension des proprietes electriques et electro-optiques de ces deux effets que nous nous sommes interesses durant cette these. Nous rappelons tout d'abord les proprietes de photo-emission interne de l'interface metal-semiconducteur ainsi que celles des structures metal-si-metal (tips) dont la reponse spectrale est modulable par l'application d'une tension entre les deux electrodes. Nous presentons ensuite les resultats experimentaux et theoriques obtenus dans les structures tips utilisant le disiliciure d'erbium et l'alliage silicium-germanium. La modelisation des differentes reponses spectrales du tips a necessite l'etude des proprietes d'absorption optique de ces structures. Dans la continuite de cette etude, nous nous sommes interesses aux multi-puits quantiques sige ou nous venons de mettre en evidence une forte absorption inter-sous bande de valence liee au confinement 2d des porteurs libres, ainsi qu'au silicium poreux, ou nous avons montre que le decalage vers le bleu du spectre d'absorption est lie au confinement a od dans les nanocristallites de silicium. Ce travail nous a enfin conduit a etudier les proprietes de transport et de magneto-transport des gaz 2d de porteurs libres dans les heterostructures a modulation de dopage sige/si