gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of carbohydrate–protein co‐ingestion following endurance exercise on myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein synthesis (2011)

The aim of the present study was to determine mitochondrial and myofibrillar muscle protein synthesis (MPS) when carbohydrate (CHO) or carbohydrate plus protein (C+P) beverages were ingested following prolonged cycling exercise. The intracellular mechanisms thought to regulate MPS were also investigated. In a single-blind, cross-over study, 10 trained cyclists (age 29 ± 6 years, VO2max 66.5 ± 5.1 ml kg(−1) min(−1)) completed two trials in a randomized order. Subjects cycled for 90 min at 77 ± 1% VO2max before ingesting a CHO (25 g of carbohydrate) or C+P (25 g carbohydrate + 10 g whey protein) beverage immediately and 30 min post-exercise. A primed constant infusion of L-[ring-(13)C6]phenylalanine began 1.5 h prior to exercise and continued until 4 h post-exercise. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained to determine myofibrillar and mitochondrial MPS and the phosphorylation of intracellular signalling proteins. Arterialized blood samples were obtained throughout the protocol. Plasma amino acid and urea concentrations increased following ingestion of C+P only. Serum insulin concentration increased more for C+P than CHO. Myofibrillar MPS was ∼35% greater for C+P compared with CHO (0.087 ± 0.007 and 0.057 ± 0.006% h(−1), respectively; P = 0.025). Mitochondrial MPS rates were similar for C+P and CHO (0.082 ± 0.011 and 0.086 ± 0.018% h(−1), respectively). mTOR(Ser2448) phosphorylation was greater for C+P compared with CHO at 4 h post-exercise (P < 0.05). p70S6K(Thr389) phosphorylation increased at 4 h post-exercise for C+P (P < 0.05), whilst eEF2(Thr56) phosphorylation increased by ∼40% at 4 h post-exercise for CHO only (P < 0.01). The present study demonstrates that the ingestion of protein in addition to carbohydrate stimulates an increase in myofibrillar, but not mitochondrial, MPS following prolonged cycling. These data indicate that the increase in myofibrillar MPS for C+P could, potentially, be mediated through p70S6K, downstream of mTOR, which in turn may suppress the rise in eEF2 on translation elongation.
High-Resistance Connection Diagnosis in Five-Phase PMSMs Based on the Method of Magnetic Field Pendulous Oscillation and Symmetrical Components (2021)

An online approach for diagnosing high-resistance connection (HRC) faults in five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drives is presented in this article. The development of this approach is based on a so-called “magnetic field pendulous oscillation (MFPO)” technique and symmetrical components method. Under HRC fault condition, a “swing-like” MFPO phenomenon is observed compared to the healthy condition. Furthermore, with the extracted current features in symmetrical components domain, different HRC fault types are successfully identified and distinguished. These fault types include single-phase faults, e.g., HRC fault in phase-A; two-phase nonadjacent faults, e.g., HRC fault in phase-A&C; and two-phase adjacent faults, e.g., HRC fault in phase-A&B. Meanwhile, the localization of the faulty phase/phases is also accomplished, and the fault severity is estimated. In this approach, only sensing of the phase currents is needed. Hence, the implementation cost is very low since the sensory data of the currents are typically already available in the closed-loop vector-controlled drives for control purpose and no additional sensors or related signal conditioning circuits are required. The effectiveness of the presented diagnostic approach is verified by simulations and experimental results.
Podocytes Are Nonhematopoietic Professional Antigen-Presenting Cells (2013)

Podocytes are essential to the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier; however, they also exhibit increased expression of MHC class II molecules under inflammatory conditions, and they remove Ig and immune complexes from the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). This finding suggests that podocytes may act as antigen-presenting cells, taking up and processing antigens to initiate specific T cell responses, similar to professional hematopoietic cells such as dendritic cells or macrophages. Here, MHC-antigen complexes expressed exclusively on podocytes of transgenic mice were sufficient to activate CD8+ T cells in vivo. In addition, deleting MHC class II exclusively on podocytes prevented the induction of experimental anti-GBM nephritis. Podocytes ingested soluble and particulate antigens, activated CD4+ T cells, and crosspresented exogenous antigen on MHC class I molecules to CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, podocytes participate in the antigen-specific activation of adaptive immune responses, providing a potential target for immunotherapies of inflammatory kidney diseases and transplant rejection.
Ionospheric Estimation and Integrity Threat Detection (1997)

A full realization of the Wide Area Augmentation Sys-
tem (WAAS) is intended to provide aircraft guidance
throughout the en route, terminal, non-precision and
precision approach phases of flight. The most demand-
ing phase is precision approach where vertical position-
ing accuracy of ones of meters is necessary. Integrity
requirements ensuring safety of life specify that any
vertical position errors greater than the Vertical Pro-
tection Limit be enunciated to the flight crew within
six seconds. The ionosphere is the foremost impedi-
ment to such a guarantee.
Stanford, as a member of the National Satellite Test
Bed (NSTB), is developing techniques for estimating
the ionosphere in real-time to provide high accuracy
position corrections. Paramount in the estimation pro-
cess is the detection of ionospheric integrity threats.
Modal decomposition of the ionosphere is the founda-
tion of that process.
Ionospheric modes which cannot be observed by the
sparse WAAS network are integrity threats if they
produce large vertical position errors at the aircraft.
Likewise, observable modes may threaten integrity if
they either cannot be conveyed to the aircraft or de-
correlate too quickly in distance or time.
We present a thought experiment for measuring the
integrity of wide-area ionospheric corrections. This
experiment suggests a theoretic lower bound on the
ionospheric component of the vertical protection level
the WAAS system can provide to the aircraft. The
results of this analysis provide a point of departure
for developing an integrity metric for both the WAAS
system provider and aircraft on precision approach.
Efficient operator and architecture for local energy measurements to enhance an image signal (2010)

For real-time imaging with digital video cameras and high-quality display with TV systems, the obtained picture quality including visibility of details, local contrast and absence of artifacts, is very important to ensure user quality acceptance. We present a multi-window real-time high-frequency enhancement scheme, in which gain is a non-linear function of the detail energy. Then we discuss the computation of commonly used local energy measurements and show that a selection of those measurements can be calculated efficiently. In our first contribution, we propose a new local energy measurement APS that can be calculated more efficiently than the existing metrics in a 2D-separable fashion. In addition, we also show that the new APS measurement gives better performance than standard energy measurements. The second contribution is the use of local contrast and a modified contrast gain formula that can substantially improve the overall algorithm performance, especially when a high-level contrast enhancement is desired. Our algorithm trades off between added contrast and halo artifacts, resulting in a good balance between visibility of details and an acceptable level of artifacts. The new scheme can be successfully applied to cameras and TV systems to improve their visual quality.
Gain stability of traveling wave tubes (1999)

The long-term gain stability of traveling wave tubes (TWT's) with helix slow-wave structures is examined. A major variable in the gain of TWT's is the stability of the attenuator material that is placed in the tube to damp oscillations and improve input-to-output isolation. Thin carbon layers are often used for this purpose in TWT's and are deposited onto the helix support rods by several different techniques that produce a variability in the material structure and properties. The carbon layers are also susceptible to physical damage due to the environment in the tube during conditioning and long-term operation. Modification of the electrical conductivity of the layer by energetic particle bombardment and chemical erosion decreases the net RF loss in the tube and causes the gain to increase with time. The presence of impurity gases and rapid conditioning procedures produce gain increases due to the lattice damage of the attenuator material of up to 10 dB in a TWT in the first several hundred hours of operation. Properly designed attenuator loss-patterns and minimization of the gas evolution in the TWT causes these effects to saturate and the gain to stabilize quickly. Techniques to ensure long-term stability of these layers are discussed.
Inversion of product selectivity in an enzyme-inspired metallosupramolecular tweezer catalyzed epoxidation reaction (2009)

This study describes a heteroligated, hemilabile Pt(II)-P,S tweezer coordination complex that combines a chiral Jacobsen-Katsuki Mn(III)-salen epoxidation catalyst with an amidopyridine receptor, which leads to an inversion of the major epoxide product compared to catalysts without a recognition group.
Impedance-Based Biosensing Using Virus-Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (2016)

Urinary bladder cancer is a worldwide issue that calls for critical attention of effective biosensors for early cancer detection. The advent of virus-biosensor technology presents a promising and non-invasive solution by quantitatively detecting bladder cancer using electrical resistance-based measurements. Virus-biosensor films are prepared by incorporating M13 bacteriophage (phage) into a conductive polymer, poly 3,4-ehtylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), on the surface of gold electrodes using electrodeposition. M13 bacteriophage are modified to display peptides for specific, high affinity binding to targeted biomarkers. The electrochemical impedance of virus-PEDOT films increases upon exposure to target biomarkers that selectively bind to the corresponding M13 bacteriophage. Changes in the real component of the impedance are observed for a broad range of frequencies, 5 Hz to 50 K Hz. These data show virus-PEDOT biosensor films follow a dose-response relationship over a subnanomolar to micromolar concentration range. These results show enhanced detection of arbitrary cancer biomarkers using modified viruses and can be expanded to general biosensing applications.
The Raman spectrum of Ti3SiC2 (1998)

In this paper, the Raman spectrum of Ti3SiC2 is reported and compared with that of TiC0.67. All the TiC0.67 first order Raman disorder-induced modes are active, but shifted, in Ti3SiC2. Two additional peaks at 150 and 372 cm−1 are observed in Ti3SiC2. The former is ascribed to a shear mode between the Si and Ti planes; the origin of the latter is unknown. No second order Raman bands are detected. Micro-Raman spectroscopy also reveal the presence of ≈50 Å graphite crystallites in samples hot pressed in graphite dies—these crystallites are not detected in samples processed by hot isostatic pressing in molten glass containers.
A Dynamic Blocks Platform Based on Projective Augmented Reality and Tangible Interfaces for Educational Activities (2014)

This paper describes a dynamic blocks platform, called ARBlocks, which is based on projective augmented reality and tangible user interfaces aiming early childhood educational activities development. This tool was conceived specifically for children, applying design techniques to determinate the best shape, material and typography for young students. The content is displayed by projectors, which exhibit the required information only on the blocks surface using an automatic projector calibration technique. The blocks are tracked through a frame marker using the moving edges approach with multiple hypotheses to improve robustness. ARBlocks was evaluated from three different perspectives: computational, educational and user experience. Technical results show that the platform achieves a real time frame rate and an accurate projector calibration, as well as precisely displays information over the blocks. Additionally, in the educational evaluation the teachers interviewed asserted that the ARBlocks has a great potential and can be a very useful tool to be used in classrooms. Regarding the user experience, both teachers and children were excited in using this system continuously.
Notizen: Configurational Assignments to 2-X-2-Y-4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinans (1976)

It has been reported from this Laboratory that 1 J PH and 1 J PSe absolute values showed the clear dependence on the spatial orientation of H and Se substituents in several pairs of ring C-substituted 2-X-2-Y-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinans and may therefore provide information about conformation of the ring and configuration at phosphorus atom 1 .
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Study on Graphene-Coated Metallic Nanostructure Substrates (2012)

Graphene, which has a linear electronic band structure, is widely considered as a semimetal. In the present study, we combine graphene with conventional metallic surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates to achieve higher sensitivity of SERS detection. We synthesize high-quality, single-layer graphene sheets by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and transfer them from copper foils to gold nanostructures, <i>i.e</i>., nanoparticle or nanohole arrays. SERS measurements are carried out on methylene blue (MB) molecules. The combined graphene nanostructure substrates show about threefold or ninefold enhancement in the Raman signal of MB, compared with the bare nanohole or nanoparticle substrates, respectively. The difference in the enhancement factors is explained by the different morphologies of graphene on the two substrates with the aid of numerical simulations. Our study indicates that applying graphene to SERS substrates can be an effective way to improve the sensitivity of conventional metallic SERS substrates.
Investigating the Retained Inhibitory Effect of Cobimetinib against p.P124L Mutated MEK1: A Combined Liquid Biopsy and in Silico Approach (2022)

The systemic treatment of metastatic melanoma has radically changed, due to an improvement in the understanding of its genetic landscape and the advent of targeted therapy. However, the response to BRAF/MEK inhibitors is transitory, and big efforts were made to identify the mechanisms underlying the resistance. We exploited a combined approach, encompassing liquid biopsy analysis and molecular dynamics simulation, for tracking tumor evolution, and in parallel defining the best treatment option. The samples at different time points were collected from a BRAF-mutant melanoma patient who developed an early resistance to dabrafenib/trametinib. The analysis of the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) identified the MEK1 p.P124L mutation that confers resistance to trametinib. With an in silico modeling, we identified cobimetinib as an alternative MEK inhibitor, and consequently suggested a therapy switch to vemurafenib/cobimetinib. The patient response was followed by ctDNA tracking and circulating melanoma cell (CMC) count. The cobimetinib administration led to an important reduction in the BRAF p.V600E and MEK1 p.P124L allele fractions and in the CMC number, features suggestive of a putative response. In summary, this study emphasizes the usefulness of a liquid biopsy-based approach combined with in silico simulation, to track real-time tumor evolution while assessing the best treatment option.
Iterative EM Design of an MRI Magnet Using HTS Materials (2007)

Conventional superconducting MRI magnet electromagnetic (EM) design involves the critical parameters of the magnet field and dimensional requirements, plus the low temperature superconductor (LTS) wire properties. When using HTS material for an MRI magnet, in addition to the conventional characteristics of a superconductor, the wire and the joint resistance need also to be considered. This is mainly due to the relatively low n-values of the BSCCO tape when compared to that of a conventional LTS wire, and it is also due to the more resistive joint nature for HTS joints. This paper discusses an iterative EM design procedure that calculates the resistance of the HTS wire/tape for the entire magnet, which is a strong function of the magnetic fields at different locations in the coils. The resistance is fed back to the regular MRI EM design for optimization, in order to meet resistance target and the ordinary MRI design goals. This iterative design process results in an optimized HTS MRI design with overall low resistance for magnet drifting and power supply requirements.
Incorporation of Point Defects into Self‐Assembled Three‐Dimensional Colloidal Crystals (2005)

Point-defect arrays embedded in self-assembled silica colloidal photonic crystals (see Figure) have been fabricated using a combination of conventional “top–down” nanoimprinting lithography with “bottom–up” self assembly. The relative locations of the point defects in the structure can be precisely controlled. These structures may find use in technological applications such as low-threshold lasers and light-emitting diodes.
Plating and Stripping of Sodium from a Room Temperature 1,2‐Dimethyl‐3‐propylimidazolium Chloride Melt (1996)

Room temperature molten salts consisting of 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐propylimidazolium chloride and aluminum chloride have been examined as possible electrolytes for a room temperature design of the sodium/iron(II) chloride battery. This work examines the conditions which provide the most efficient reduction and oxidation of sodium from a sodium chloride buffered, neutral melt. Most work was performed on a tungsten substrate using cyclic voltammetry. Melts were treated with gaseous HCl using a closed electrochemical cell which allowed for quantification of the effect of HCl on the electrochemical behavior of sodium in the molten salt. The HCl threshold partial pressure was less than 1 kPa for sodium plating. This result was complicated by the slow equilibrium between gaseous HCl and that dissolved in the molten salt; the effect of HCl addition was found to last for months, demonstrating the slow equilibrium. Small amounts of water contamination were found to produce a similar effect. At elevated temperatures the melt had higher conductivity, an order of magnitude higher current densities, and higher coulombic efficiency.
Three-gate MOSFET Providing independent control of transconductance and output resistance (1983)

A three-gate MOS transistor is demonstrated. Measurements of operating characteristics illustrate the availability of excellent control of the transconductance while simultaneously maintaining very high output resistance. In analog circuit applications, the three-gate device provides additional advantages including better signal isolation, less nonlinearity, and adjustable mismatch in a differential amplifier. A range of operating voltages over which the transconductance is constant is observed.
Coherent Beam Combining and Atmospheric Compensation with Adaptive Fiber Array Systems (2013)

This chapter describes recent results of basic research in the area of fiber array system development with major focus on fiber array architectures, integration of adaptive optics (AO) and beam control capabilities, as well as coherent beam combining and atmospheric compensation techniques with the common goal of the projected beam power density increase at either unresolved (point source) or resolved (extended or speckle) targets. The chapter explains turbulence-induced phase aberration compensation with fiber array-integrated piston and tip—tilt control. The phase conjugate control of the combined beam transmitted by the fiber array was implemented by computing the phase of the target return wave originating from a monochromatic coherent small size light source (beacon) located at the target plane. The chapter concludes with a discussion on practical issues related with the experimental implementation of the target-in-the-loop (TIL) coherent beam combining over tactical-range atmospheric paths.
Some Immunohistochemical Features of Argyrophilic Grain Dementia With Normal Cortical Choline Acetyltransferase Levels but Extensive Subcortical Pathology and Markedly Reduced Dopamine (1992)

Detailed immunohistochemical and biochemical studies are reported on two cases of progressive dementia showing no Alzheimer-type pathology but extensive argyrophilic grains as described previously by Braak and Braak. These cases had no specific clinical features, and the pathology of these brains showed subcortical gliosis (proliferation of astrocytes and microglia) without significant neuronal losses. Interesting novel immunohistochemical findings were the profuse appearance of complement-activated oligodendrocytes and oligodendroglial microtubular masses. Their appearance seems to indicate oligodendroglial reactions to widespread damage of myelinated axons. Cortical levels of choline acetyltransferase were normal, but striatal levels of dopamine and its metabolites were markedly reduced. This disease may be consistent with the criteria for progressive subcortical gliosis.
FALLING RIGHT WHILE MOVING SLOW: TRUE TESTS OF THE WEAK EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE FOR ANTIPARTICLES (2012)

A significant question in experimental gravity is the nature of free fall of antiparticles under gravity and elaborate preparations are underway to directly test this with cold antihydrogen. Earlier, the Shapiro delay of supernova 1987A neutrinos was interpreted as testing the weak equivalence principle (WEP). We establish the surprising result that the Shapiro delay of relativistic particles does not test WEP for intrinsic properties or quantum numbers of particles or antiparticles. This is because essentially the entire gravitational mass of the relativistic neutrinos is contributed by kinetic energy, diluting to insignificance any EP violating contribution from intrinsic properties, by the relativistic factor. The crucial message here is that a true test of the WEP involving intrinsic properties of matter or antimatter — the foundation of relativistic gravity — necessarily requires nonrelativistic "cold" matter and antimatter.
Correction of motion blur in CCD color endoscope images (1986)

Color CCD endoscopes with sequential three color illuminations have the advantage of a high resolution but are sensitive to object motion. A digital method for the restoration of color-shifted images is proposed. Restored images are suitable for further image processing such as color emphasis and structure enhancement.
Power electronics and control for wind power systems (2009)

The global electrical energy consumption is still rising and there is a steady demand to increase the power capacity. It is expected that it has to be doubled within 20 years. The production, distribution and use of the energy should be as technological efficient as possible and incentives to save energy at the end-user should be set up. Deregulation of energy has lowered the investment in larger power plants, which means the need for new electrical power sources may be increased in the near future. Two major technologies will play important roles to solve the future problems. One is to change the electrical power production sources from the conventional, fossil (and short term) based energy sources to renewable energy resources. Another is to use high efficient power electronics in power generation, power transmission/distribution and end-user application. This paper discuss the most emerging renewable energy sources, wind energy, which by means of power electronics are changing from being minor energy sources to be acting as important power sources in the electrical network.