gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New amphiphilic copolymers of N‐phenylmaleimides and vinyl ethers: thermal properties, Langmuir and Langmuir‐Blodgett films, gas permeation (1995)

Abstract Amphiphilic copolymers 1 a–1d were prepared by radical copolymerization of hydrophilic N ‐phenylmaleimide derivatives and lipophilic vinyl ethers in dichloromethane. Though the starting concentrations of the two monomers were always equimolar, none of the copolymers had a strictly alternating structure. Molecular weights were between 10 4 and 9 · 10 4 . The copolymers prepared from ethyl 4‐maleimidobenzoate ( 2a ) and isobutyl vinyl ether ( 3a ) (copolymer 1a ), and 2a and isooctyl vinyl ether ( 3b ) (copolymer 1b ) were thermally stable up to 300°C and showed glass transitions at about 150°C, while the copolymers prepared from 2a and octadecyl vinyl ether ( 3c ) (copolymer 1c ), and 4‐maleimidobenzoic acid ( 2b ) and 3c (copolymer 1 d ) were considerably less stable. All copolymers formed stable, condensed monomolecular layers at the air‐water interface, which could be transferred onto hydrophobic supports by the Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) technique. Up to the 20th dipping cycle, a Y‐type deposition was found, while further dipping predominantly led to Z‐type deposition. Nitrogen and oxygen permeabilities ( p ) were studied after depositing the LB films onto porous Celgard membranes. Permeability and selectivity were dependent on the nature of the alkyl substituent group of the polymer. Copolymer 1a with the isobutyl group showed higher permeabilities than copolymer 1c with the octadecyl group, but no selectivity. The copolymer with the small alkyl group showed no selectivity of oxygen over nitrogen (α = ) P O 2 / P N 2 while for the copolymer with the long alkyl chain the α‐value was 1,3.
Poly(ether urethane)s from aromatic diisocyanates based on lignin‐derived phenolic acids (2017)

Abstract A series of new bio‐based aromatic diisocyanates, namely bis(4‐isocyanato‐2‐methoxyphenoxy)alkane and bis(4‐isocyanato‐2,6‐dimethoxyphenoxy)alkane, were synthesized starting from lignin‐derived phenolic acids, namely vanillic acid and syringic acid, via the Curtius rearrangement. The diisocyanates were employed to synthesize poly(ether urethane)s by reacting them with potentially bio‐based aliphatic diols, namely 1,10‐decanediol and 1,12‐dodecanediol. The chemical structures of diisocyanates and poly(ether urethane)s were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Inherent viscosities and number‐average molecular weights of the poly(ether urethane)s were in the ranges 0.58–0.68 dL g −1 and 32 100–58 500 g mol −1 , respectively, indicating the formation of reasonably high molecular weight polymers. The poly(ether urethane)s exhibited 10% weight loss in the temperature range 304–308 °C. The glass transition temperatures of the poly(ether urethane)s were in the range 49–74 °C and were dependent both on the number of methylene units in the diols and on the number of methoxy substituents on the aromatic rings of the diisocyanate component. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Study of J/$\psi$ meson production inside jets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV (2019)

A study of the production of prompt J/ψ mesons contained in jets in proton-proton collisions at s=8TeV is presented. The analysis is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.1 fb −1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. For events with at least one observed jet, the angular separation between the J/ψ meson and the jet is used to test whether the J/ψ meson is part of the jet. The analysis shows that most prompt J/ψ mesons having energy above 15 GeV and rapidity |y|&lt;1 are contained in jets with pseudorapidity |ηjet|&lt;1 . The differential distributions of the probability to have a J/ψ meson contained in a jet as a function of jet energy for a fixed J/ψ energy fraction are compared to a theoretical model using the fragmenting jet function approach. The data agree best with fragmenting jet function calculations that use a long-distance matrix element parameter set in which prompt J/ψ mesons are predicted to be unpolarized. This technique demonstrates a new way to test predictions for prompt J/ψ production using nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics.
In Situ Incorporation of Recycled Polystyrene in Styrene Suspension Polymerizations (2013)

In the present work, the in situ incorporation of polystyrene in styrene suspension polymerization reactions is studied, aiming at recycling discarded and off-spec polymer materials. A number of issues related to the effects of the incorporated material on the reaction kinetics and on some polymer properties are studied. It is noticed that the monomer conversion trajectories are not affected by the polymer incorporation, unlike the average molar masses, when initial polymer contents are similar. It is also noticed that the incorporation of polymer samples with low and high average molar masses leads to similar kinetic effects, showing that the Free Volume Theory describes well the gel effect in these systems. A mathematical model is developed to simulate the polymerization reaction, taking into account the average molar mass and concentration of the incorporated polymer resin.
Two polymorphisms for the human elastin gene (1990)

Journal Article Two polymorphisms for the human elastin gene Get access K. Kainulainen, K. Kainulainen * * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Rosenbloom, J. Rosenbloom 1Center for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA 19104, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Peltonen L. Peltonen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 10, 25 May 1990, Page 3114, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.10.3114-a Published: 25 May 1990
Hybrid Silica-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles for Enhanced Enzyme-Based Therapeutics (2022)

Some cancer cells rely heavily on non-essential biomolecules for survival, growth, and proliferation. Enzyme based therapeutics can eliminate these biomolecules, thus specifically targeting neoplastic cells; however, enzyme therapeutics are susceptible to immune clearance, exhibit short half-lives, and require frequent administration. Encapsulation of therapeutic cargo within biocompatible and biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) is a strategy for controlled release. Unfortunately, PLGA NPs exhibit burst release of cargo shortly after delivery or upon introduction to aqueous environments where they decompose via hydrolysis. Here, we show the generation of hybrid silica-coated PLGA (SiLGA) NPs as viable drug delivery vehicles exhibiting sub-200 nm diameters, a metastable Zeta potential, and high loading efficiency and content. Compared to uncoated PLGA NPs, SiLGA NPs offer greater retention of enzymatic activity and slow the burst release of cargo. Thus, SiLGA encapsulation of therapeutic enzymes, such as asparaginase, could reduce frequency of administration, increase half-life, and improve efficacy for patients with a range of diseases.
Novel Stapling Method and Device for Nasal Surgery (2009)

This paper presents the design and prototyping of a novel stapling device and method intended for—though not limited to—the nasal septal mucosa. The pistol shaped device has two long projections: one for each nostril. The internal mechanism pushes the male portion of the rivet, nearly 10 cm down one tube, where it pierces the mucosa and mates with the female portion. This is all accomplished with one grip of the handle, rotating the input handle only 30 deg. The internal mechanism was designed by solving loop equations for a five-bar, dual-slider single degree-of-freedom mechanism. Components were then rapid prototyped before the eventual functional prototype was completed.
Real-time sonography of palpable breast masses (1985)

In order to evaluate the clinical usefulness of an electronic real-time linear array scanner in breast diseases, ultrasonography was performed in 148 cases of histologically confirmed palpable breast masses. The real-time images were observed on a television monitor while moving the hand-held transducer probes over the masses. It took only a few minutes to examine and diagnose a palpable mass. Among 45 carcinomas, 39 lesions were correctly diagnosed, four lesions were not detected by ultrasound and two were misdiagnosed as fibroadenomas. On the other hand, ten benign lesions were falsely diagnosed as breast cancers: seven mastopathies (including four sclerosing adenosis), two fibroadenomas and one abscess. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing breast cancer were 0.87 and 0.90 respectively. Real-time sonography is a simple, time-saving and useful tool for examining palpable breast masses. However, it should be realised that some breast cancers are difficult to image and differentiate from benign lesions.
Guideline for Interpreting IR Laser Stimulation Signal on Semiconductors for Materials and for Improving Failure Analysis Flow (2005)

Abstract Infra-red Thermal Laser Stimulation (TLS) signatures obtained on semiconductor materials can be difficult to interpret and to distinguish from signatures from metallic materials. Investigations presented here consist in the study of TLS signals on unsilicided/silicided polycrystalline and diffused silicon resistors of 0.18µm technology. The influence of each process parameter on the TLS signal has been observed and evaluated from the front and back side of the circuit. This allowed us to quantify the effect of the silicon substrate thickness on TLS signal detection and to determine the ideal silicon thickness for sample preparation. This study also completes our methodology based on the TCR parameter which aims at improving defect localization in the depth (Z) of circuitry. As it will be shown through failure analysis case studies, this methodology increases the physical analysis success rate and reduces the turnaround time.
Measurement of the $$t\overline{t}$$ t t ¯ production cross-section using $$e\mu $$ e μ events with $$b$$ b -tagged jets in $$pp$$ p p collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=7$$ s = 7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2014)

The inclusive top quark pair ([Formula: see text]) production cross-section [Formula: see text] has been measured in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, using [Formula: see text] events with an opposite-charge [Formula: see text] pair in the final state. The measurement was performed with the 2011 7 TeV dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 [Formula: see text] and the 2012 8 TeV dataset of 20.3 [Formula: see text]. The numbers of events with exactly one and exactly two [Formula: see text]-tagged jets were counted and used to simultaneously determine [Formula: see text] and the efficiency to reconstruct and [Formula: see text]-tag a jet from a top quark decay, thereby minimising the associated systematic uncertainties. The cross-section was measured to be: [Formula: see text]where the four uncertainties arise from data statistics, experimental and theoretical systematic effects, knowledge of the integrated luminosity and of the LHC beam energy. The results are consistent with recent theoretical QCD calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order. Fiducial measurements corresponding to the experimental acceptance of the leptons are also reported, together with the ratio of cross-sections measured at the two centre-of-mass energies. The inclusive cross-section results were used to determine the top quark pole mass via the dependence of the theoretically predicted cross-section on [Formula: see text] giving a result of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] GeV. By looking for an excess of [Formula: see text] production with respect to the QCD prediction, the results were also used to place limits on the pair-production of supersymmetric top squarks [Formula: see text] with masses close to the top quark mass, decaying via [Formula: see text] to predominantly right-handed top quarks and a light neutralino [Formula: see text], the lightest supersymmetric particle. Top squarks with masses between the top quark mass and 177 GeV are excluded at the 95 % confidence level.
Segmentation of mammograms into distinct morphological texture regions (2002)

Presents a comprehensive discussion on the segmentation of mammograms using morphological texture features. These features are derived from morphological granulometries with various structuring elements. Each structuring element captures a specific texture content. The segmentation is carried out in an unsupervised manner by applying the KL (Karhunen-Loeve) transform feature reduction and Voronoi clustering on the extracted morphological texture features. The evaluation of the segmentation outcome by a trained radiologist is provided.
Deletion of a consensus oestrogen response element half‐site in the glucocorticoid receptor of human multiple myeloma (1997)

We have carried out molecular scanning of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) of the glucocorticoid resistant multiple myeloma cell line U266. An amplified fragment from the 3' untranslated region displayed an aberrant migration by PCR-single-stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis. The mutant allele had a deletion of an 8 base pair sequence containing a half-site of an oestrogen response element. This motif was found conserved in rat GR. This same allele lacked four As in an upstream region with 18 consecutive As in the normal allele. These mutations may affect mRNA stability or alter interactions with regulatory factors.
ChemInform Abstract: Evidence for C(1)‐N(2) Bond Scission in the Isomerization of cis‐1,3‐ Disubstituted Nb‐Benzyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines into Their trans Diastereomers under Acidic Conditions. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Utility and Limitations of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring during Surgery of the Spinal Cord (2016)

Surgical treatment for spinal cord lesions carries a high risk of postoperative neurological deficits. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring has been developed to reduce such risks. Initially, somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) monitoring was successfully used in deformity correction surgery. Its major disadvantage was its inability to detect partial spinal cord damage affecting motor pathways. Motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring was later developed to overcome this deficit of SEP monitoring. Both SEP and MEP monitoring were highly accurate in predicting postoperative neurological deficits in deformity correction surgery and were later introduced into surgery for intramedullary tumors (IMTs). These monitoring techniques provide accurate predictions in patients with intact neurologic function, but are prone to false positives when patients have compromised neurologic function. Some studies overemphasize the usefulness of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in surgical treatment for IMTs. We review the current understanding of neuroanatomy and physiology and the realistic utility and limitations of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during surgery for IMTs.
The Interplay between Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Furan Diels–Alder Chemistry for Sustainable Chemicals Production (2022)

Biomass-derived furanic platform molecules have emerged as promising building blocks for renewable chemicals and functional materials. To this aim, the Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition stands out as a versatile strategy to convert these renewable resources in highly atom-efficient ways. Despite nearly a century worth of examples of furan DA chemistry, clear structure-reactivity-stability relationships are still to be established. Detailed understanding of the intricate interplay between kinetics and thermodynamics in these very particular [4+2] cycloadditions is essential to push further development and truly expand the scope beyond the ubiquitous addend combinations of electron-rich furans and electron-deficient olefins. Herein, we provide pertinent examples of DA chemistry, taken from various fields, to highlight trends, establish correlations and answer open questions in the field with the aim to support future efforts in the sustainable chemicals and materials production.
Nanolayered Cobalt–Molybdenum Sulfides as Highly Chemo- and Regioselective Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Quinoline Derivatives (2018)

Herein, a general protocol for the preparation of a broad range of valuable N-heterocyclic products by hydrogenation of quinolines and related N-heteroarenes is described. Interestingly, the catalytic hydrogenation of the N-heteroarene ring is chemoselectively performed when other facile reducible functional groups, including alkenes, ketones, cyanides, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides, are present. The key to successful catalysis relies on the use of a nanolayered cobalt–molybdenum sulfide catalyst hydrothermally synthesized from earth-abundant metal precursors. This heterogeneous system displays a tunable composition of phases that allows for catalyst regeneration. Its catalytic activity depends on the composition of the mixed phase of cobalt sulfides, being higher with the presence of Co3S4, and could also be associated with the presence of transient Co-Mo-S structures that mainly vanish after the first catalytic run.
[Paper] Space-Time Coded Imaging for Robust Depth and Motion Deblurring (2014)

Recent progress in coded imaging has enabled us to recover sharp images from undesirable image blurs caused by depth and motion. However, the existing methods are limited to single types of blurs, such as depth blur or motion blur. The coded imaging must also tackle the problem of image noise caused by decreasing of input light. In this paper, we propose a method, which enables us to deblur both depth blur and motion blur simultaneously by coding image capture both in space and time. In particular, we show that by changing the aperture pattern efficiently, accurate image deblurring can be achieved under the existence of image noise.
On throughput optimality with delayed network-state information (2008)

We study the problem of routing/scheduling in a wireless network with partial/delayed Network (channel and queue) State Information (NSI). We consider two cases: (i) A network with a centralized controller with heterogeneous delays from each of the nodes to the controller and with arbitrary topology (thus, the controller has NSI with different delays from different nodes), (ii) Decentralized routing/scheduling, where each node makes a decision based on its current channel and queue state along with homogeneous delayed NSI from other nodes. For each of the cases (with additional flow restrictions for the decentralized routing/scheduling case), we first characterize the optimal network throughput region under the above described NSI model and show that the throughput region shrinks with the increase of delay. Further, we propose channel and queue length based routing/scheduling algorithms that achieve the above throughput region.
Role of class IA PI3K in regulatory T cell function (179.5) (2012)

Abstract PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) family members control variety of cellular responses, such as cell growth, survival, cytoskeletal remodelling and the trafficking of intracellular organelles, in many cell types, including T lymphocytes. The PI3K pathway has emerged as a key regulator of regulatory T cell (Treg) development and homeostasis and may be required for Treg-mediated suppression. To identify the role of regulatory subunits of class IA PI3K in Treg suppressive function, we compared WT and p85α KO Tregs in their function. WT but not p85α KO Tregs showed suppressive capacity in co-cultures with CD4+CD25- T cells stimulated with anti-CD3-coated APCs in vitro. To determine whether p85α KO Tregs were functional in vivo, we conducted experiments in which Tregs offer protection from colitis caused by the transfer of CD4+CD62L high T cells into RAG2-/- recipients. WT Tregs suppressed the capacity of CD4+CD62L high T cells to cause colitis 2 weeks after transfer. In contrast, mice co-injected with p85α KO Tregs developed colitis 2 weeks after transfer that was indistinguishable from that in mice injected with CD4+CD62L high cells alone. Although the precise mechanism of Treg-mediated suppression is unclear, we suppose that p85α functions through cell-cell contact-dependent manner rather than cytokine-dependent manner. S.K. is a consultant for Medical and Biological Laboratories, Co. Ltd. The authors otherwise have no financial conflicts of interest.
Magnetic modulation of the chemiluminescence intensity in the oxidation of luminol by potassium ferricyanide (1986)

This paper attempts the experimental detection and investigation of the magnetic field-dependent radical steps in the oxidation of luminol by potassium ferricyanide. It was found that it is in fact possible to affect the chemiluminescence yield by the use of a low intensity magnetic field (ca 100 Oe) and to relate the observed effect to a hyperfine interaction in the radical pairs formed during the reaction. Solutions of LH/sub 2/ and K/sub 3/Fe (CN)/sub 6/ in alkaline aqueous solution (0.1 M NaOH) were delivered continuously through a mixer into an optical cuvette. A block diagram of the equipment is shown. The chemiluminescent light was directed through a light guide to an FEU-79 photoamplifier, protected by a special shield from the action of scattered magnetic fields. The derivative of the magnetic effect was examined and it was established that there is no deviation from saturation of the magnetic effect up to 3.5 kOe. The results demonstrate that in the stages preceding the formation of light emitter an interaction occurs between two paramagnetic particles. It is also shown that it is in principle possible to record the ESR spectrum of these luminol radicals with respect to the chemiluminescence, using the reaction-yield-detected magneticmore » resonance method.« less