gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spin Trapping of Radicals Other Than the•OH Radical upon Reduction of the Anticancer Agent Tirapazamine by Cytochrome P450Reductase (2009)

The radical species produced following one-electron reduction of tirapazamine (3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxide, TPZ) by cytochrome P(450) reductase-enriched microsomes have been investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Spin trapping with 5,5'-dimethylpyrroline 1-N-oxide (DMPO) gave a composite spectrum of a carbon-centered radical and the well-known DMPO-OH adduct. Using (17)O-labeled water resulted in a change in the EPR spectrum to that of DMPO-(17)OH, indicating that this radical species is formed with solvent involvement and not from release of a (*)OH radical from one-electron-reduced TPZ. Furthermore, using the closely related spin trap 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methylpyrroline N-oxide (DEPMPO), which is less prone to oxidation than DMPO, gave only a carbon-centered radical spectrum without any involvement of a (*)OH radical. Reduction of a more soluble analogue of TPZ, in redox equilibrium with its 1-oxide derivative, led to spin trapping of both a carbon-centered radical and a nitrogen-centered radical by N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN). The multicentered nature of this nitrogen-centered radical spectrum provides support for the formation of a benzotriazinyl radical following one-electron reduction of this class of bioreductive drug.
EFFECTS OF HEATING RATE AND PARTICLE SIZE ON THE PRODUCTS YIELDS FROM RAPID PYROLYSIS OF BEECH-WOOD (1996)

ABSTRACT Effects of pyrolysis temperature (300–1000 °C), heating rates (100, 500, 1000, and 10,000 °C/s), and particle sizes (53–63,104–120,177–270, and 270–500 urn) on the yields and formation rates of tar, light oils, total gases, and char from pyrolysis of beech-wood under 1 atm helium pressure were studied. Wood particles were pyrolyzed in strips of stainless steel wire mesh in a captive sample apparatus; and yields of products were measured in weight percent of original wood as a function of temperature for different heating rates and particle sizes. The overall weight loss achieved from pyrolysis of this wood was about 90%. The total yields of tar and light oils from pyrolysis of this wood accounted for up to 80% of the original wood above 400 °C. Due to the post-pyrolysis reactions of tar and light oils, the tar and light oils yields go through a maximum with pyrolysis temperature for all particle sizes and most heating rates studied here. As particle size increases from 53–63 μm to 270–500 μm the maximum tar yield decreases from 53% to about 38%. The maximum tar yield also decreases with increasing the heating rate from 70% at 100 °C/s to 48% at 10,000 °C/s heating rate. Theses results indicate that as the intra-panicle post-pyrolysis cracking reactions of tar increases at higher heating rates and with larger particles the tar yield decreases. Tar was also analyzed with GPC for the effects of above pyrolysis parameters on the tar molecular weight. The tar average molecular weight. remains relatively constant (Mw = 300 amu, Mn = 155 amu, and Mz = 483 amu) under helium atmosphere with pyrolysis temperature at 1000 °C/s heating rate and with 53/63 u m particle size. The average molecular weight of tar does not significantly varies with heaung rate, but it decreases as the particle size increases.
A new digital video signal processing system for a video disc player (1992)

A video signal processing system for video disk players developed on the basis of a new feedforward technique is described. The system is composed of two LSI units: a signal processor for the TBC (time base corrector), which constitutes the basic block, incorporating analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters; and an LSI that includes the FNR (field noise reducer), for additional functions using a field memory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pupillary fluctuation amplitude preceding target presentation is linked to the variable foreperiod effect on reaction time in Psychomotor Vigilance Tasks (2022)

Understanding temporally attention fluctuations can benefit scientific knowledge and real-life applications. Temporal attention studies have typically used the reaction time (RT), which can be measured only after a target presentation, as an index of attention level. We have proposed the Micro-Pupillary Unrest Index (M-PUI) based on pupillary fluctuation amplitude to estimate RT before the target presentation. However, the kind of temporal attention effects that the M-PUI reflects remains unclear. We examined if the M-PUI shows two types of temporal attention effects initially reported for RTs in the variable foreperiod tasks: the variable foreperiod effect (FP effect) and the sequential effect (SE effect). The FP effect refers to a decrease in the RT due to an increase in the foreperiod of the current trial, whereas the SE effect refers to an increase in the RT in the early part of the foreperiod of the current trial due to an increase in the foreperiod of the previous trial. We used a simple reaction task with the medium-term variable foreperiods (Psychomotor Vigilance Task) and found that the M-PUI primarily reflects the FP effect. Inter-individual analyses showed that the FP effect on the M-PUI, unlike other eye movement indices, is correlated with the FP effect on RT. These results suggest that the M-PUI is a potentially powerful tool for investigating temporal attention fluctuations for a partly unpredictable target.
Filterbank transceivers optimizing information rate in block transmissions over dispersive channels (2002)

Optimal FIR transmit and receive filterbanks are derived for block based data transmissions over frequency-selective AGN channels by maximizing mutual information subject to a fixed transmit-power constraint. The inherent flexibility of the proposed transceivers is exploited to derive as special cases, zero-forcing and minimum mean-square error solutions. The potential of the proposed scheme is illustrated and compared to discrete multi-tone (DMT).
A phase I study to evaluate the safety of trigriluzole (BHV-4157) in combination with PD-1 blocking antibodies. (2018)

TPS80 Background: The Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 (GRM1) is expressed in 60-100% of human melanomas, breast cancers, and other solid tumors. Riluzole, an FDA-approved drug for ALS, inhibits GRM1 signal transduction. A phase 0 trial in melanoma patients demonstrated that riluzole suppressed signaling through the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways but no objective responses were seen in a phase 2 study.The clinical use of riluzole outside of ALS has been limited by: (i) poor oral bioavailability, (ii) extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism, (iii) high variability in PK parameters, (iv) food-related decrease in bioavailability, and (v) dose-related hepatotoxicity. Trigriluzole (BHV-4157) is a third generation prodrug of riluzole with improved PK/PD properties. In our MASS20 in vivo murine model of melanoma, GRM1 signal transduction appears to suppress tumor immunity through up-regulation of M-CSF and CCL2 expression with a subsequent increase in the percentage of M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. In an immunocompetent mouse model, treatment with trigriluzole and anti-PD-1 antibody was more effective than either drug alone. Methods: Subjects with advanced or refractory solid cancers or lymphoma will be treated with increasing doses of trigriluzole in this phase 1b study. The dosing cohorts of trigriluzole will be using a semi-Bayesian modified toxicity probability interval dose escalation procedure. Trigriluzole monotherapy will be given for a 14-day lead in period and then patients will receive trigriluzole in combination with nivolumab 240mg IV every 2 weeks. After the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of trigriluzole is identified, it will be checked in a cohort of 6 patients in combination with pembrolizumab. Total sample size will be 12 – 27 subjects. PD-1-directed therapy prior to entry is allowed. Blood samples and optional biopsies will be collected for correlative analysis. PBMCs and fresh tumor tissue will be grafted into NSG mice to create a patient-derived autologous double-humanized murine model for each participant. Clinical trial information: NCT03229278.
Management and care of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: Variations across different health care settings (2000)

Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that financial reimbursement schemes influence the management of TKA. Further research needs to be done to quantify effects of varying processes of care on the outcome of TKA surgery across different health care settings. This data would elucidate the optimal management of TKA using objective evidence rather than relying on financial incentives or the preservation of historical practices.
Paracrine Signaling by Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-CC Promotes Tumor Growth by Recruitment of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (2008)

Cancer results from the concerted performance of malignant cells and stromal cells. Cell types populating the microenvironment are enlisted by the tumor to secrete a host of growth-promoting cues, thus upholding tumor initiation and progression. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) support the formation of a prominent tumor stromal compartment by as of yet unidentified molecular effectors. Whereas PDGF-CC induces fibroblast reactivity and fibrosis in a range of tissues, little is known about the function of PDGF-CC in shaping the tumor-stroma interplay. Herein, we present evidence for a paracrine signaling network involving PDGF-CC and PDGF receptor-alpha in malignant melanoma. Expression of PDGFC in a mouse model accelerated tumor growth through recruitment and activation of different subsets of cancer-associated fibroblasts. In seeking the molecular identity of the supporting factors provided by cancer-associated fibroblasts, we made use of antibody arrays and an in vivo coinjection model to identify osteopontin as the effector of the augmented tumor growth induced by PDGF-CC. In conclusion, we establish paracrine signaling by PDGF-CC as a potential drug target to reduce stromal support in malignant melanoma.
An Introduction to PON Technologies (2007)

Passive optical networks are the most important class of fiber access systems in the world today. This article first reviews the reasons why the PON as a general architecture is so important. We then outline in some depth the technologies used to implement this architecture, including the G-PON and E-PON systems being deployed today, and the advanced PON systems that provide the evolution path to ever higher bandwidths. TOPICS IN OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS
An improved procedure for the nitration of benzo‐2,1,3‐selenadiazoles and their reduction to ortho‐phenylenediamines (2004)

Abstract A method for the nitration of benzo‐2,1,3‐selenadiazoles using nitric acid dissolved in a mixture of methanesulfonic acid and phosphorus pentoxide at room temperature is presented. The S N 2Ar displacement of fluoride that is observed when sulfuric acid is used as solvent is prevented and yields are high. Sodium nitrate could be used in place of nitric acid with no loss in yield. Following nitration, the 2,1,3‐selenadiazole ring is cleaved with hydriodic acid to afford a 3‐nitro‐ ortho ‐phenylenediamine. The method is applied to the multi‐gram preparation of 4‐fluoro‐3‐nitrobenzene‐1,2‐diamine.
Supplementary data from Modulation of Macropinocytosis-Mediated Internalization Decreases Ocular Toxicity of Antibody–Drug Conjugates (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental tables 1-5: Table 1: Characteristics of peptide modified ADCs tested and IC50 in the HCEC and KU812 assays. Table 2: Characteristics. of PEG modified ADCs tested and data in the HCEC and KU812 assays. Table 3: Characteristics of mutated ADCs tested in the HCEC and KU812 cytotoxicity assays. Table 4: Pharmacokinetic parameters in mice and rabbits. ADC and Tab. Table 5: Body gain weight of rabbits treated with AGS-16C3F and other ADCs. Supplemental Materials and Methods Summplemental Figure Legends Supplemental figures 1-4: Fig S1: Lack of ENPP3 expression in corneas from humans and cynomolgus monkeys. Fig S2: Characterization of human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC). Fig S3: Target expression in HCEC and normal corneal epithelial cells by microarray analysis. Fig S4: Binding of AGS-16C3F to primary cells. References&lt;/p&gt;
Thermal rearrangement of 1,3‐thiazolidine sulfoxides: Thiolsulfinate and thioaldehyde intermediates (1999)

Abstract Stereospecific ring opening of the sulfoxides cis ‐ 13 and trans ‐ 14 in refluxing toluene gave the corre sponding sulfenic acids 9 , 10 intermediates respectively. The sulfenic acid 9 dimerized to the thiolsulfinate 17 by dual function of the sulfenic acid as S ‐nucleophile/ S ‐electrophile with loss of water while the sulfenic acid 10 was unchanged. The stereospecific recyclization of 10 to the parent sulfoxide 14 increases the higher pi‐electron density of the double. The thermolysis of the thiolsulfinate 17 gave the transient sulfenic acid 9 , which dimerized again to repeat the process and unisolable thioaldehyde 21 . The thioaldehyde 21 was con verted to either pyrrole 15 by the action of a sulfinic acid 20 catalyst formed inevitably by hydrolysis of 17 under the reaction conditions, or thiazole 18 under neutral conditions. In these rearrangements, the amide carbonyl group facilitated the elimination of a neighboring hydrogen.
CRISPR/Cas9 genome-wide loss-of-function screening identifies druggable cellular factors involved in sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma (2020)

CRISPR/Cas9 LOF screening presents a promising approach to identify and target cellular factors involved in the resistance to anti-cancer therapeutics.
Modification to Default Values of SOL_MAX_RT and INF_MAX_RT (2013)

This document updates RFC 3315 by redefining the default values for
SOL_MAX_RT and INF_MAX_RT and defining options through which a DHCPv6
server can override the client's default value for SOL_MAX_RT and
INF_MAX_RT with new values.
Defects Formation and Amorphization of Zn-MOF-74 Crystals by Post-Synthetic Interactions with Bidentate Adsorbates (2020)

The controlled introduction of defects into MOFs is a powerful strategy to induce new physiochemical properties and improve their performance for target applications. Herein, we present a new strategy for defect formation and amorphization.
Integration of price-driven demand response using plug-in electric vehicles in smart grids (2016)

This paper discusses integration of plug-in electric vehicles in smart grids from different perspectives. First, in order to achieve a grid-friendly charging load profile, a strategy is proposed based on the transactive control paradigm. This charging strategy enables electric vehicle owners to participate in real-time pricing electricity markets to reduce their charging costs. Second, the impact of large-scale adoption of electric vehicles on electricity generation and inter-area flow schedules is discussed. In order to quantify potential changes, an interconnection-scale optimal scheduling problem should be solved to determine hourly tie-line flows. In the presence of price sensitive loads, the objective function of the scheduler is to maximize the total social welfare (i.e., economic surplus) rather than minimize production cost. Third, the utilization of demand response for frequency control purpose is studied. Fast-acting demand response eases the use of slow-ramping generation units, which is particularly important in the case of high penetration levels of intermittent renewable resources to maintain the real-time balance between supply and demand. The procedure described enables estimation the benefits of smart charging in terms of cost and GHG emissions reduction for different renewable portfolio policies.
UV-adVISor: Attention-Based Recurrent Neural Networks to Predict UV–Vis Spectra (2021)

Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra are routinely collected as part of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis systems and can be used to identify chemical reaction products by comparison to the reference spectra. Here, we present UV-adVISor as a new computational tool for predicting the UV-Vis spectra from a molecule's structure alone. UV-Vis prediction was approached as a sequence-to-sequence problem. We utilized Long-Short Term Memory and attention-based neural networks with Extended Connectivity Fingerprint Diameter 6 or molecule SMILES to generate predictive models for the UV spectra. We have produced two spectrum datasets (dataset I, <i>N</i> = 949, and dataset II, <i>N</i> = 2222) using different compound collections and spectrum acquisition methods to train, validate, and test our models. We evaluated the prediction accuracy of the complete spectra by the correspondence of wavelengths of absorbance maxima and with a series of statistical measures (the best test set median model parameters are in parentheses for model II), including RMSE (0.064), <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> (0.71), and dynamic time warping (DTW, 0.194) of the entire spectrum curve. Scrambling molecule structures with the experimental spectra during training resulted in a degraded <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>, confirming the utility of the approaches for prediction. UV-adVISor is able to provide fast and accurate predictions for libraries of compounds.
Application of Single Contact Optical Beam Induced Currents (SCOBIC) for Backside Failure Analysis (2000)

Abstract The Single Contact Optical Beam Induced Currents (SCOBIC) is a new failure analysis technique, which allows the imaging of junctions by a single connection to the substrate or power pin of an integrated circuit. Modern packaging technologies and multi-layer metallizations has increased the need for backside IC failure analysis. In this paper, the SCOBIC technique is used to image junctions from the die backside. The implementation of backside SCOBIC system is discussed. Application of the SCOBIC technique from both the frontside and backside of CMOS and NMOS devices are presented.
Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Procedural Characteristics and Outcomes (2023)

Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation is feasible and effective in patients with adult congenital heart disease and reduces symptoms. Recurrence of AA frequently requires repeat ablation.
New Suction Guide Needle Designed to Reduce the Incidence of Biopsy-related Pneumothorax: Experimental Evaluation in Canine Model (2005)

In an attempt to remove air that enters the pleural space during computed tomography (CT)-guided coaxial transthoracic needle biopsy, the authors fashioned an 18-gauge experimental suction guide needle and evaluated the incidence of pneumothorax with this needle in comparison to the incidence of pneumothorax with a standard 18-gauge guide needle in a canine model. This experiment had animal care and use committee approval. Ten dogs underwent a biopsy of each lung, for a total of 20 lung biopsies. Half of the biopsies were performed by using the experimental needle (five right lungs, five left lungs), and half were performed by using a standard guide needle. CT revealed pneumothorax during the procedure and was performed to reveal pneumothorax 1 and 3 hours after the procedure. A significant reduction (P < .016) in intraprocedural lung biopsy-associated pneumothorax was found when the experimental guide needle was used.
Label-free optical biosensors: An introduction (2009)

The ability to study interactions among biomolecules, to observe the activity of cells, and to detect analytes specifically from bodily fluids, manufacturing processes, or environmental samples are cornerstones of life science research, pharmaceutical discovery, medical diagnosis, and food/water safety assurance. These capabilities and many others are enabled by the ability to perform biochemical and cell-based assays that allow scientists to ask basic questions about whether one analyte interacts with another, how strong the binding affinity is between two proteins, whether a chemical compound will affect the proliferation rate of cancer cells, and the concentration of a biomarker for cancer within a patient's blood sample. The development of technology to meet these requirements is challenging because biochemical analytes, which can include drug compounds with molecular weights below 500 Da, DNA oligomers, peptides, enzymes, anti-bodies, and viral particles, are exceedingly small and sometimes present within a test sample at concentrations in the fg/ml to pg/ml concentration range that simultaneously contains thousands of other molecules at concentrations orders of magnitude greater. Larger biochemical analytes – such as bacteria, spores, cells, and cell clusters – are less difficult to observe if they can be stained with a colored or fluorescent dye. However, such treatments generally result in the death of the specimen, thus preventing the ability to study a single population repeatedly over a long time period.
A 12-Gb/s 11-mW Half-Rate Sampled 5-Tap Decision Feedback Equalizer With Current-Integrating Summers in 45-nm SOI CMOS Technology (2009)

The design and experimental results of a low-power, low-area 5-tap decision feedback equalizer (DFE) implemented in a 45 nm SOI CMOS technology are reported. The DFE employs a low-power current-integrating summer with sampling front-end, which eliminates systematic frequency-dependent loss inherent in conventional integrating serial receivers. Further power and area savings are achieved through the use of a direct-feedback architecture and CMOS-style rail-to-rail clocking. The 5-tap DFE core occupies 73 times 50 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 11 mW from a 1 V supply when equalizing 12 Gb/s data passed over a 30" channel with 15 dB of loss at 6 GHz.
Dynamic and Quantitative Analysis of Choroidal Neovascularization by Fluorescein Angiography (2006)

This study reports a technique for analysis of change in fluorescence area and intensity over time during fluorescein angiography (FA) using a continuous scale and its application in a clinical setting and a clinical trial. Compared with previous techniques making use of categorical scales, this approach provides an advantage for evaluating responses to treatment that may improve the value of FA as an outcome measure in clinical trials.
Imaging through turbulence with the volume-holographic confocal microscope (2000)

The confocal microscope with volume-holographic collector [1] utilizes Bragg selectivity in order to achieve depth sectioning. The volume hologram is recorded by the interference of two beams, one of which originates as a point source at a reference depth. When a reconstructing Qrobe) source is at the reference depth, it is Bragg-matched and causes a strong diffracted signal; sources at different depths are rejected because of Bragg mismatch. Therefore, the use of a pinhole in front of the detector (as in traditional confocal microscopes [2]) is not required. The arguments for use of a volume hologram instead of a pinhole to achieve depth sectioning are: (i) the depth resolution of the microscope is independent of its photon-collection performance; (ii) the hologram phase conjugates aberrations and other systematic phase distortions, and hence acts as an ideal matched filter to the reference source (unlike the ad hoc filtering function performed by the pinhole). In this paper we focus on the depth-resolving properties of volume diffraction when a turbulent (scattering) medium, emulating a biological tissue, is present in the path of the light entering the microscope. In particular, we compare the depth resolution of a microscope recorded with and without precompensation for the presence of the scatterer. Precompensation extends the matched filtering principle by use of a priori information (the thickness of the turbulent medium) during the recording phase of the hologram. Our experimental results (section 2) demonstrate that precompensation increases the scatterer thickness over which confocal imaging is possible.