gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aligned Porous Materials by Directional Freezing of Solutions in Liquid CO2 (2005)

We report here a method for generating structures with aligned macropores by templating solidified carbon dioxide. The CO2 template phase can be removed by direct sublimation to yield a dry, solvent-free porous material that may be useful in applications such as tissue engineering and aligned cell growth.
RhI‐Catalyzed CC Bond Activation: Seven‐Membered Ring Synthesis by a [6+1] Carbonylative Ring‐Expansion Reaction of Allenylcyclobutanes (2006)

Ever expanding: A RhI-catalyzed CC activation reaction of allenylcyclobutanes generates intermediate metallacycles that can be trapped with CO to produce a new [6+1] reaction. Functionalized monocyclic and bicyclic cycloheptenones are obtained in good-to-excellent yields with this [6+1] higher-order carbonylative cycloaddition reaction.
Soliton switching and energy coupling in two-mode fibers: Analytical results (1990)

Analytic solutions describing soliton interaction in bimodal optical fibers are obtained in the case of equal cross- and self-phase modulation effects. Conditions are established for integral pulse-shape switching and a periodic linearlike behavior of the energy coupling is emphasized.
410 Motion Discrimination and Joint Angle Estimation of an Arm using EMG Signals (2005)

The position tracking and control method using the bioelectrical signals attracts attentions as expectable technology. The purpose of this research is to construct a practical master slave system, which uses electricmyogram (EMG) signals. Signal processings of EMG signals are performed using a linear multiple regression model, which can learn parameters in a short time. Using this model, joint angles are predicted, and the motion pattern discrimination is conducted. Several experiments were conducted to verify the validity of this technique. First, the motion pattern discrimination from EMG signals was conducted. Discriminated motions were flexion, and abduction at a shoulder joint, and flexion, extension, pronation, and supination at an elbow joint. Second, the experiment using a robot arm was conducted. In this experiment, an arm joint angle was predicted from EMG signals. From these experiments, the usefulness of processing EMG signals with a linear multiple regression model was proved.
Silicon Photonic Integration Platform—Have We Found the Sweet Spot? (2014)

The current trend in silicon photonics towards higher levels of integration as well as the model of using CMOS foundries for fabrication are leading to a need for standardization of substrate parameters and fabrication processes. In particular, for several established research and development foundries that grant general access, silicon-on-insulator wafers with a silicon thickness of 220 nm have become the standard substrate for which devices and circuits have to be designed. In this study we investigate the role of silicon device layer thickness in design optimization of various components that need to be integrated in a typical optical transceiver, including both passive ones for routing, wavelength selection, and light coupling as well as active ones such as monolithic modulators and on-chip lasers produced by hybrid integration. We find that in all devices considered there is an advantage in using a silicon thickness larger than 220 nm, either for improved performance or for simplified fabrication processes and relaxed tolerances.
Efficient EPC synthesis of β‐aminobutanoic acid (1991)

Abstract A practical approach to enantiomerically pure ( R ) ‐3‐amino‐butanoic acid ( 6 ) from L ‐asparagine ( 1 ) is presented. The key step of the synthesis is the chemoselective reduction of the β‐homoserine derivative 2 .
Breakdown of blood pressure and body fluid homeostasis in heart transplant recipients (1996)

Blood pressure in heart transplant recipients is salt sensitive. These patients have a blunted diuretic and natriuretic response to volume expansion that may be mediated by a failure to reflexly suppress fluid regulatory hormones. These defects in blood pressure and fluid homeostasis were not seen in liver transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine and therefore cannot be attributed to cyclosporine alone. Abnormal cardiorenal neuroendocrine reflexes, secondary to cardiac denervation, may contribute to salt-sensitive hypertension and fluid retention in heart transplant recipients.
Altering Adenoviral Tropism via Click Modification with ErbB Specific Ligands (2012)

Methods for targeting oncolytic viruses can increase efficacy and accelerate development. Genetic engineering, the predominant method for changing vector tropism, is limited in scope and often represents the bottleneck for vector development. Metabolic incorporation of an unnatural azido sugar, O-GlcNAz, at a specific site on the adenoviral surface allows chemoselective attachment of affibodies for Her2 or EGF receptors. Modification with these high-affinity, high-selectivity proteins is straightforward and readily generalizable, demonstrates minimal impact on virus physiology, and affords significant increases in gene delivery to cancer cells. As a result, this method has significant potential to increase the efficacy of next-generation viral vectors.
Single-Bit Pseudoparallel Processing Low-Oversampling Delta–Sigma Modulator Suitable for SDR Wireless Transmitters (2013)

The oversampling requirement in a delta-sigma modulator (DSM) is considered one of the limiting factors toward its employment in current high-frequency applications, such as wireless software defined radio (SDR) systems. This paper advances that the critical requirement for DSMs is high-frequency processing and not a high-oversampling ratio. A single-bit semiparallel processing structure to accomplish the high-frequency processing is proposed in this paper. Using the suggested low-oversampling digital DSM architecture, high-speed, high-complexity computations, which are normally required for wireless applications, are executed simultaneously. This facilitates the design of embedded SDR multistandard transmitters using commercially available digital processors. The most favorable application of the proposed single-bit DSM is to build an radio frequency transmitter that includes a one-bit quantifier with two-level switching power amplifier for both high linearity and high efficiency. Performance analysis is carried out by using MATLAB simulations, which shows a reduction of the oversampling ratio by a factor of 16 (for a baseline oversampling ratio of 256) with the same signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The proposed DSM is also implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board and its performance is validated by using a code division multiple access signal. The bandwidth of the output signal is increased four times without increasing the processing frequency. Simultaneously, quality of the output signal remains the same but FPGA resource usage is increased by a factor of three.
Evidence for lithium superoxide-like species in the discharge product of a Li–O2 battery (2013)

We report on the use of a petroleum coke-based activated carbon (AC) with very high surface area for a Li-O(2) battery cathode without the use of any additional metal catalysts. Electrochemical measurement in a tetra(ethylene) glycol dimethyl ether-lithium triflate (TEGDME-LiCF(3)SO(3)) electrolyte results in two voltage plateaus during charging at 3.2-3.5 and 4.2-4.3 V versus Li(+)/Li. Herein we present evidence from Raman and magnetic measurements that the lower plateau corresponds to a form of lithium peroxide with superoxide-like properties characterized by a low temperature magnetic phase transition and a high O-O stretching frequency (1125 cm(-1)). The magnetic phase transition and the high O-O stretching frequency disappear when charged to above 3.7 V. Theoretical calculations indicate that a surface superoxide structure on lithium peroxide clusters and some lithium peroxide surfaces have an unpaired electron and a high O-O stretching frequency that help explain the observations. These results provide evidence that the form of the lithium peroxide discharge product is important to obtaining a low charge overpotential, and thus improving the round-trip efficiency between discharge and charge.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Negative Allosteric Modulators: Discovery of 2-Chloro-4-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl]pyridine (Basimglurant, RO4917523), a Promising Novel Medicine for Psychiatric Diseases (2015)

Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) have potential for the treatment of psychiatric diseases including depression, fragile X syndrome (FXS), anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and levodopa induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Herein we report the optimization of a weakly active screening hit 1 to the potent and selective compounds chloro-4-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylethynyl]pyridine (basimglurant, 2) and 2-chloro-4-((2,5-dimethyl-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethynyl)pyridine (CTEP, 3). Compound 2 is active in a broad range of anxiety tests reaching the same efficacy but at a 10- to 100-fold lower dose compared to diazepam and is characterized by favorable DMPK properties in rat and monkey as well as an excellent preclinical safety profile and is currently in phase II clinical studies for the treatment of depression and fragile X syndrome. Analogue 3 is the first reported mGlu5 NAM with a long half-life in rodents and is therefore an ideal tool compound for chronic studies in mice and rats.
Dietary Whey Protein Hydrolysates Increase Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Levels via Activation of Glycogen Synthase in Mice (2012)

Previously, we have shown that consuming carbohydrate plus whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) replenished muscle glycogen after exercise more effectively than consuming intact whey protein or branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). The mechanism leading to superior glycogen replenishment after consuming WPH is unclear. In this 5 week intervention, ddY mice were fed experimental diets containing WPH, a mixture of whey amino acids (WAAs), or casein (control). After the intervention, gastrocnemius muscle glycogen levels were significantly higher in the WPH group (4.35 mg/g) than in the WAA (3.15 mg/g) or control (2.51 mg/g) groups. In addition, total glycogen synthase (GS) protein levels were significantly higher in the WPH group (153%) than in the WAA (89.2%) or control groups, and phosphorylated GS levels were significantly decreased in the WPH group (51.4%). These results indicate that dietary WPH may increase the muscle glycogen content through increased GS activity.
Fitness Cost of SCC mec and Methicillin Resistance Levels in Staphylococcus aureus (2004)

Transformation of a type I SCCmec element into Staphylococcus aureus yielded highly oxacillin-resistant transformants with a reduced growth rate. Faster-growing variants could again be selected at the cost of reduced resistance levels, demonstrating an inverse correlation between oxacillin resistance levels and growth rate.
Imaging enabled platforms for development of therapeutics (2011)

Advances in imaging and spectroscopic technologies have enabled the optimization of many therapeutic modalities in cancer and noncancer pathologies either by earlier disease detection or by allowing therapy monitoring. Amongst the therapeutic options benefiting from developments in imaging technologies, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is exceptional. PDT is a photochemistry-based therapeutic approach where a light-sensitive molecule (photosensitizer) is activated with light of appropriate energy (wavelength) to produce reactive molecular species such as free radicals and singlet oxygen. These molecular entities then react with biological targets such as DNA, membranes and other cellular components to impair their function and lead to eventual cell and tissue death. Development of PDT-based imaging also provides a platform for rapid screening of new therapeutics in novel in vitro models prior to expensive and labor-intensive animal studies. In this study we demonstrate how an imaging platform can be used for strategizing a novel combination treatment strategy for multifocal ovarian cancer. Using an in vitro 3D model for micrometastatic ovarian cancer in conjunction with quantitative imaging we examine dose and scheduling strategies for PDT in combination with carboplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent presently in clinical use for management of this deadly form of cancer.
Evidence for a critical role of ceruloplasmin oxidase activity in iron metabolism of Wilson disease gene knockout mice (2009)

Atp7b(-/-) mice demonstrated decreased serum iron parameters and hemoglobin levels most likely related to a low serum ceruloplasmin oxidase activity and not due to total body iron deficiency.
Experiences with Multi-threading and Dynamic Class Loading in a Java Just-In-Time Compiler (2006)

In this paper, we describe the techniques that have been implemented in the IBM TestaRossa (TR) just-in-time (JIT) compiler to safely perform aggressive code patching and collect accurate profiles in the context of a Java application employing multiple threads and dynamic class loading and unloading. Previous work in these areas either did not account for the synchronization cost of safety or dynamic class loading/unloading effects in a heavily multithreaded program or did not consider how different patching techniques may be required for different platforms where instruction cache coherence guarantees vary. We evaluate the space and time overhead to make our profiling framework correct, showing that privatizing the profiling variables to achieve correctness impacts execution time only minimally but it can grow the stack frames for profiled methods by less than 15% on average for the SPECjvm98 and SPECjbb2000 benchmarks. Since methods are profiled for only a brief time and the stack frames themselves are not large, we do not consider this growth to be prohibitive. The techniques reported in this paper are implemented in the 1.5.0 release of the IBM Developer Kit for Java targeting 12 different processor-operating system platforms.
A preliminary investigation into the automatic detection of diseased sheep organs using hyperspectral imaging sensors (2022)

The post-mortem inspection process of livestock viscera at abattoirs is expensive and laborious, but it is essential for the detection and condemnation of defective edible organs and carcases due to food safety issues. Lesions in hearts, kidneys, livers, lungs, and their associated lymph nodes are amongst the most common offal defects found in abattoirs. Visible (VIS) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging implemented in a multisensory platform were used to differentiate between sheep parenchymatous organs passed as fit (Healthy, n = 42) or not fit (Diseased, n = 47) for human consumption. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest (RF) were used to classify organs as healthy or diseased in heart (n = 28), kidney (n = 15), liver (n = 24), and lung (n = 22). PLS-DA produced equal or greater classification accuracy and sensitivity than RF for all organs except for lung when the VIS sensor was used (means 84.4% and 78.3%, respectively). Livers and hearts (86.9%) showed higher accuracy than lungs and kidneys (75.9%). Limited differences occurred between VIS and SWIR sensors, although a single sensor tended to be more accurate than a combination of both. SWIR outperformed VIS in accuracy across all organs (84.8% vs. 76.3%), and the combination of VIS and SWIR was also accurate (83.0%). The use of hyperspectral imaging is an attractive proposition for the meat processing industry as a non-invasive imaging technology to detect defects in offal, and it can also provide automatic detection, saving time and labour costs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stability, Reactivity, Solution, and Solid‐State Structure of Halomethylzinc Alkoxides. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hexadecane Hydrotreating as a Surrogate for Fischer-Tropsch Wax Upgrading to Aviation Fuel Using a Co/MoO3/Silica-Alumina Catalyst (2011)

The U.S. Air Force has flight-certified 50/50 blends of synthetic/petroleum-derived fuels and will soon be followed by the commercial aviation fleet. To move to synthetic-rich fuels, the Air Force is constructing a facility for producing its own samples of synthetic research fuels. In support of that effort, we have investigated the activity and selectivity of a commercial Co/MoO3/Silica-Alumina catalyst using n-hexadecane as a model feed. This unsulfided catalyst exhibits predominantly hydrogenolysis rather than bifunctional hydrocracking. Two distinct types of hydrogenolysis can be discerened: 1) interior C-C bond cleaveage with near equal likelihood at all interior bonds; and 2) sequential terminal methane cleavage.
Fuel puddle model and AFR compensator for gasoline-ethanol blends in flex-fuel engines (2009)

Ethanol is being increasingly used as an alternative fuel to petroleum-based gasoline and diesel derivatives. Currently available flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) can operate on a blend of gasoline and ethanol in any concentration of up to 85% ethanol (93% in Brazil) with minimum hardware modifications. This flexibility if partly achieved through the closed-loop air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) control which maintains automatically operation around the stoichiometric ratio. Precise transient AFR control depends however on a feedforward compensator that reduces the transient effects of fuel puddle dynamics. An accurate and tunable model of the fuel puddle dynamics for gasoline-ethanol blends is, thus, necessary for the purpose of air-to-fuel ratio control. In this paper, we propose a physics-based fuel puddle model that may be used for control purposes in FFVs. In particular, the gasoline-ethanol blend is modeled using several chemical compounds and is parameterized by ethanol content. The model consists of a droplet evaporation model and a single-puddle vaporization model. The droplet evaporation model is simulated off-line to generate port wall-impacting factors of injected fuel to be used in a single-puddle vaporization model. The single-puddle vaporization model is a cycle-based model that may be simulated on-line to characterize fuel puddle dynamics in port fuel injected engines. To verify the validity of the model, simulation results are compared with limited experimental data. A transient fuel compensator based on the proposed model is also formulated.
Complementary symmetric Hall plates with a hole and four outer extended contacts (2022)

The electrical properties of Hall plates are described by the resistance matrix. Its even part corresponds to a resistor network, its odd part reflects the Hall output voltage. For singly connected and symmetric Hall plates closed formulae of the resistance matrix are known. There are also relations between complementary geometries, where contacts and insulating boundaries are swapped. This work gives the resistance matrix and relations between complementary geometries for Hall plates with one hole. The contacts may have arbitrary sizes, yet the plates must have two perpendicular axes of mirror symmetry, and the magnetic field has to be small.
Metal-enhanced photoluminescence from carbon nanodots (2011)

In the last couple of years, carbon dots have emerged as a new novel luminescent particle for applications in fluorescence and microscopy in some ways analogous to quantum dots and silicon nanocrystals/particles. As with any fluorescent label or tag, absolute fluorescence intensity, brightness, and particle photostability are a primary concern. In this communication we subsequently show that similar to classical fluorophores, carbon dots located in the near-field, near to Plasmon supporting materials, show enhanced intensities and improved photostabilities.
Characterization of indolinones which preferentially inhibit VEGF‐C‐ and VEGF‐D‐induced activation of VEGFR‐3 rather than VEGFR‐2 (2001)

VEGF-C and VEGF-D are lymphangiogenic factors that bind to and activate VEGFR-3, a fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor whose expression is limited almost exclusively to lymphatic endothelium in the adult. Processed forms of VEGF-C and VEGF-D can also activate VEGFR-2, a key player in the regulation of angiogenesis. There is increasing evidence to show that these receptor-ligand interactions play a pivotal role in a number of pathological situations. Inhibition of receptor activation by VEGF-C and VEGF-D could therefore be pharmaceutically useful. Furthermore, to understand the different roles of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 in pathological situations it will be necessary to dissect the complex interactions of these ligands and their receptors. To facilitate such studies we cloned, sequenced and characterized the expression of rat VEGF-C and VEGF-D. We showed that Cys152-->Ser mutants of processed rat VEGF-C can activate VEGFR-3 but not VEGFR-2, while the corresponding mutation in rat VEGF-D inhibits its ability to activate both VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3. We also synthesized and characterized indolinones that differentially block VEGF-C- and VEGF-D-induced VEGFR-3 kinase activity compared to that of VEGFR-2. These tools should be useful in analysing the different activities and roles of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and their ligands, and in blocking VEGFR-3-mediated lymphangiogenesis.
Demo (2015)

Sensors are one of the primary building blocks of IoT. Owing to close proximity of physical world, sensors often collect sensitive information. Invariably, sensor data has rich information content. Here we propose a novel solution IAS: Information Analytics for Sensors to unlock massive potential of sensor data through information analytics and demonstrate an alerting mechanism based on criticality of sensor information. ECG anomaly detection for healthcare, unusual appliance operation detection from smart energy meter data, bad road condition as well as activity detection from accelerometer data are typical use-case scenarios. We use robust statistical and information theoretic approaches. Our approach is unsupervised and is completely sensor agnostic. This abstract provides overview of design and implementation of our tool IAS along with obtained results tested on publicly available datasets. Last but not the least, IAS validates that outliers contain most delicate information.
A novel printed monopole antenna with a square conductor-backed parasitic plane for dual-band WLAN applications (2004)

The rapid growth of various wireless communication applications urge on the need for antennas producing dual-band or multiband operation. Planar monopole antennas are good candidates owing to their attractive features, e.g. simple structures, omnidirectional radiation patterns, low cost and ease of construction. We demonstrate a novel and simple dual-band design of printed planar monopole antenna. The antenna consists of crisscross monopole elements, a conductor-backed parasitic plane and a microstrip feedline. Simply by loading the crisscross conducting strip and parasitic plane, a dual-band printed monopole antenna can be easily obtained. Details of the proposed antenna design and simulation results for WLAN operations in the 2.4 and 5.2 GHz bands are presented and discussed.