gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction of the nuclear matrix at the transition from maternal to zygotic control of development in the mouse: An immunocytochemical study (1992)

The nuclear matrix is thought to be responsible for DNA organization, DNA replication, RNA synthesis, and RNA processing. We have looked for the presence of nuclear matrix antigens during early mouse embryogenesis. Antibodies to peripheral and interior antigens (P1, Pl1, Pl2, and lamin B) were used to immunolocalize nuclear matrix antigens in germinal vesicle oocytes, metaphase II oocytes, zygotes, two-cell-stage embryos, and eight-cell stage embryos. All antibodies reacted with the nuclei of germinal vesicle oocytes, and two- and eight-cell-stage embryos; however, only P1 and lamin B were present at the pronuclear stage. In eggs collected at the pronuclear stage and cultured to the late two-cell stage in the presence of alpha-amanitin, the matrix morphology was altered for Pl1 and Pl2. alpha-Amanitin had no affect on the distribution of P1 or lamin B antigens. If alpha-amanitin was added 2 hr after cleavage to the two-cell stage, the normal staining pattern of Pl2 was retained. These results suggest that the presence of specific components of an internal matrix is correlated with normal genomic activity.
VLSI implementation of a quasi-ml, energy efficient fixed complexity sphere decoder for MIMO communication system (2010)

This paper presents a low power VLSI implementation of a novel Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) decoder which combines Fixed Complexity Sphere Decoder (FSD) algorithm, real-valued lattice formulation and Pair-wise sorted QR decomposition (P-SQRD) searching approach to simultaneously improve the throughput, bit error rate (BER) and complexity. Two-stage approximate sorting scheme with minimum data swapping is adopted to realize a power efficient architecture. This ASIC is implemented in IBM 90 nm 8 metal layer standard CMOS technology with core area of 1.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . This design supports 4×4 antenna array with flexible modulations from BPSK to 16-QAM. At 0.8V core power supply, the estimated peak data rate exceeds 1.44Gbps. The estimated energy efficiency is 15.4 pJ/bit which is 50% better than the other state of the art SDs.
A structured aggregate signature scheme (2010)

In multisignature scheme, verifiying the signing order is sometimes very important. A multisignature scheme in which generated signatures reflect the structure of signers, e.g. signing order, is called structured multisignature scheme and many such schemes have been proposed so far. Structured multisignature schemes are dedicated to represent not only serial/parallel signer structures but also mixture of serial and parallel signer structures. In most structured schemes, the signature size depends on the number of signers. There are some structured schemes which can generate fixed-size signatures, but these schemes do not have order-flexibility, i.e. public keys arranged for one signer structure cannot be used for other signer structure. On the other hand, a sequential multisignature scheme is one type of structured multisignature schemes, which is dedicated to represent the serial signer structure. Some sequential multisig-nature scheme like sequential aggregate signature schemes can generate fixed-size signatures and have order-flexibility but no structured aggregate signature scheme has been proposed so far. In this paper, we construct a structured aggregate scheme which provides order-flexiblity, the fixed-size signature and applicability to mixed signer structures by extending the sequential aggregate signature scheme by Boldyreva et al.
Manipulation of Robot Hand Based on Motion Estimation Using EMG Signals (2007)

The purpose of this research is the construction of an intelligence artificial arm control system which uses EMG signals. Signal processings of EMG signals are preformed using multiple regression equation and Mahalanobis' distance, which can learn parameters in a short time. The motion pattern discrimination is conducted with both technique and joint angles are predicted with multiple regression equation. A multiple regression model provides a less adequate accuracy than an artificial neural network generally used, but accuracy is improved by selection of suitable inputs and generation of teacher signals. Joint angles were predicted from joint angles data of the past and the signals that extracted characteristics of each motion. The experiments were conducted to verify the validity of this technique. Discriminated motions were grip, open and chuck at a hand. Predicted joint angles were multi-finger angles corresponding to these three motions. First, we verified these motions are discriminable from EMG signals, and the motion pattern discrimination was conducted. Consequently, these motions were discriminated. Second, the experiment using a robot hand was conducted. A robot hand was controlled intuitively and accurately in all five subjects. From these experiments, the usefulness of processing EMG signals with proposed methods were proved.
Catalytic Regioselective Oxidation of Glycosides (2013)

Einer unter Gleichen: Ungeschützte Glycoside, Mono- und Disaccharide, wurden mit der entwickelten katalytischen Methode selektiv oxidiert. Die erhaltenen Ketosaccharide wurden in mäßigen bis ausgezeichneten Ausbeuten isoliert. Dieser Ansatz bildet die Grundlage für schutzgruppenfreie synthetische Transformationen von Kohlenhydraten. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Development of a Mouse Model of Helicobacter pylori Infection that Mimics Human Disease (1995)

The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. The pathogenesis of H. pylori infection in vivo was studied by adapting fresh clinical isolates of bacteria to colonize the stomachs of mice. A gastric pathology resembling human disease was observed in infections with cytotoxin-producing strains but not with noncytotoxic strains. Oral immunization with purified H. pylori antigens protected mice from bacterial infection. This mouse model will allow the development of therapeutic agents and vaccines against H. pylori infection in humans.
Transmission experiments support clade-level differences in the transmission and pathogenicity of Cambodian influenza A/H5N1 viruses (2020)

Influenza A/H5N1 has circulated in Asia since 2003 and is now enzootic in many countries in that region. In Cambodia, the virus has circulated since 2004 and has intermittently infected humans. During this period, we have noted differences in the rate of infections in humans, potentially associated with the circulation of different viral clades. In particular, a reassortant clade 1.1.2 virus emerged in early 2013 and was associated with a dramatic increase in infections of humans (34 cases) until it was replaced by a clade 2.3.2.1c virus in early 2014. In contrast, only one infection of a human has been reported in the 6 years since the clade 2.3.2.1c virus became the dominant circulating virus. We selected three viruses to represent the main viral clades that have circulated in Cambodia (clade 1.1.2, clade 1.1.2 reassortant, and clade 2.3.2.1c), and we conducted experiments to assess the virulence and transmissibility of these viruses in avian (chicken, duck) and mammalian (ferret) models. Our results suggest that the clade 2.3.2.1c virus is more "avian-like," with high virulence in both ducks and chickens, but there is no evidence of aerosol transmission of the virus from ducks to ferrets. In contrast, the two clade 1 viruses were less virulent in experimentally infected and contact ducks. However, evidence of chicken-to-ferret aerosol transmission was observed for both clade 1 viruses. The transmission experiments provide insights into clade-level differences that might explain the variation in A/H5N1 infections of humans observed in Cambodia and other settings.
Internalization of oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to type‐1 plasminogen activator inhibitor mRNA in endothelial cells: A three‐dimensional reconstruction by confocal microscopy (1996)

A three-dimensional reconstruction analysis of localization of phosphodiester and phosphorothioate oligonucleotide antisense to type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) mRNA within endothelial cells is described. When EA.hy 926 cells were incubated with fluorescently labelled phosphodiester (PO-16) or phosphorothioate (PS-16) oligonucleotides at low, not cytotoxical concentrations, the relative brightness composition of the images of the particular samples was much higher for PS-16 than PO-16 and dependent upon the extracellular concentration and the incubation time. The 3-D reconstructions based on the series of optical sections of the samples, spaced every 1.5 microns, showed the punctuate accumulation of the oligonucleotides and a striking difference in a spatial distribution between PO-16 and PS-16 within the cytoplasm. Even after 24 h incubation of endothelial cells with 2.5 microM of PO-16 and PS-16 oligonucleotides, there was a predominant oligonucleotide localization within the cytoplasm and only traces of oligonucleotides could be seen in the cell nucleus and/or perinuclear organelles.
Performance and Diagnostics of Biologically Contaminated Insulators (2006)

Biological growth has been observed on insulators installed all over the world. However, so far, its impact on insulator performance is not well known. This paper summarizes a majority of the work published in the field. Based on the gathered experiences, it can be concluded that microbiological growth is unlikely to cause severe degradation of the rubber housings of non-ceramic insulators. Furthermore, it seems that the impact of growth on the insulator performance is rather low. Techniques available for detection and characterisation of growth on insulators are also described and discusses. Among those, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy has been found to give good results in remote detection of micro-organisms
Programming of Host Metabolism by the Gut Microbiota (2011)

The human gut harbors a vast ensemble of bacteria that has co-evolved with the human host and performs several important functions that affect our physiology and metabolism. The human gut is sterile at birth and is subsequently colonized with bacteria from the mother and the environment. The complexity of the gut microbiota is increased during childhood, and adult humans contain 150-fold more bacterial genes than human genes. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technology and mechanistic testing in gnotobiotic mice have identified the gut microbiota as an environmental factor that contributes to obesity. Germ-free mice are protected against developing diet-induced obesity and the underlying mechanisms whereby the gut microbiota contributes to host metabolism are beginning to be clarified. The obese phenotype is associated with increased microbial fermentation and energy extraction; however, other microbially modulated mechanisms contribute to disease progression as well. The gut microbiota has profound effects on host gene expression in the enterohepatic system, including genes involved in immunity and metabolism. For example, the gut microbiota affects expression of secreted proteins in the gut, which modulate lipid metabolism in peripheral organs. In addition, the gut microbiota is also a source of proinflammatory molecules that augment adipose inflammation and macrophage recruitment by signaling through the innate immune system. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) are integral parts of the innate immune system and are expressed by both macrophages and epithelial cells. Activation of TLRs in macrophages dramatically impairs glucose homeostasis, whereas TLRs in the gut may alter the gut microbial composition that may have profound effects on host metabolism. Accordingly, reprogramming the gut microbiota, or its function, in early life may have beneficial effects on host metabolism later in life.
Interferon-?-inducing activity of interleukin-18 in the joint with rheumatoid arthritis (2001)

These results indicate that IL-18, produced predominantly by tissue macrophages, primarily potentiates IL-12-induced IFNgamma production by T cell infiltrates in RA synovium. Detection of significant IL-18 bioactivity in the joints, despite the presence of IL-18 binding inhibitors, supports an integral role of this cytokine in perpetuating the IFNgamma-dominant T cell cytokine response in RA.
RAN/sup 2/SOM: a reconfigurable neural network architecture based on bit stream arithmetic (2002)

We introduce the RAN/sup 2/SOM (Reconfigurable Architecture Neural Networks with Serially Operating Multipliers) architecture, a neural net architecture with a reconfigurable interconnection scheme based on bit stream arithmetic. RAN/sup 2/SOM nets are implemented using field programmable gate array logic. By conducting the training phase in software and executing the actual application in hardware, conflicting demands can be met: training benefits from a fast edit-debug cycle, and once the design has stabilized a hardware implementation results in higher performance. While neural nets have been implemented in hardware in the past, larger digital nets have not been possible due to the real-estate requirements of single neutrons. We present a bit-serial encoding scheme and computation model, which allows space-efficient computation of the sum of weighted inputs, thereby facilitating the implementation of complex neural networks.
Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena: 13th International Conference. Proceedings (1997)

These proceedings contain papers presented at the Thirteenth International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena held in Monterey, California in April, 1997. Topics covered in the conference included laser design, alternate concepts in volume ignition and advance fuels, beam/plasma interactions, nuclear{minus}pumped lasers, alternate fast ignitors, heavy ion fusions, laser{minus}ion beam interactions, extreme short{minus}pulse interactions, high{minus}energy{minus}density plasma physics, and hydrodynamic instabilities. The conference was sponsored in part by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory of the United States Department of Energy. There were 80 papers presented and 23 have been abstracted for the Energy Science and Technology database.(AIP)
Characterization of a diode dosimeter for UHDR FLASH radiotherapy (2023)

The EDGE Detector demonstrated dose linearity, mean dose rate independence, and dose per pulse independence for UHDR electron beams. It can quantify the beam spatially, and temporally at sub millisecond resolution. It's robustness and individual pulse detectability of treatment deliveries can potentially lead to its implementation for in vivo FLASH dosimetry, and dose monitoring.
Population net benefit of prostate MRI with high spatiotemporal resolution contrast‐enhanced imaging: A decision curve analysis (2019)

GRASP DCE-MRI may potentially enable biopsy of PI-RADS ≥4 lesions, providing relatively preserved detection of HGPCA and avoidance of unnecessary biopsies compared with biopsy of all PI-RADS ≥3 lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1400-1408.
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor attenuates platelet adhesion in intestinal venules of hypercholesterolemic mice (2004)

Whereas the anti-inflammatory properties of statins have been extensively studied, less attention has been devoted to the antithrombogenic effects of these drugs. We evaluated the effect of short-term (18 h) treatment with pravastatin (1 mg/kg) on hypercholesterolemia-induced platelet-endothelial (P/E) cell adhesion in intestinal venules. Mice were placed on either a normal diet (ND) or cholesterol-enriched diet (HCD) for 2 wk. Wild-type mice fed a HCD exhibited significantly elevated blood serum cholesterol levels, which were unaltered by pravastatin treatment. ND or HCD platelets were isolated, fluorescently labeled, and administered to either ND or HCD recipients. Intravital videomicroscopy was used to quantify transient (saltation) and firm adhesion of platelets. HCD mice receiving platelets from either ND or HCD mice exhibited increased P/E cell interactions compared with ND mice receiving platelets from ND or HCD mice. P/E adhesion was dramatically reduced when platelets from donor mice, recipient mice, or both were treated with pravastatin. The protective effect of pravastatin in hypercholesterolemia-induced P/E cell adhesion was abolished in N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester-treated mice. These results indicate that 1). hypercholesterolemia-induced P/E cell adhesion is mediated by changes in the vascular wall rather than circulating platelets; 2). pravastatin treatment inhibits the prothrombogenic effects of hypercholesterolemia via an action on both endothelial cells and platelets; and 3). the protective effect of pravastatin is nitric oxide dependent.
Trifluoromethylthiocopper(I) (2001)

[3872-23-9] CCuF3S (MW 164.63) InChI = 1S/CHF3S.Cu/c2-1(3,4)5;/h5H;/q;+1/p-1 InChIKey = BCCLDZVXWYCMMP-UHFFFAOYSA-M (source of nucleophilic CF3S for preparation of aryl and vinyl sulfides) Physical Data: mp 113–115 °C (1∶1 DMF adduct). Solubility: sol ether. Form Supplied in: copper-colored solid; commercially available. Preparative Methods: can be prepared by two different procedures (eq 1). Heating of finely divided Copper powder with bis(trifluoromethylthio)mercury neat at 80–100 °C until the appearance of an orange color persists, and then heating for 30 min at 150 °C, gives the desired product upon cooling, ether extraction, and evaporation.1, 2 Stirring of copper powder and bis(trifluoromethyl) disulfide in DMF for 1 h gives trifluoromethylthiocopper as its 1∶1 DMF adduct.3, 4 Additionally, this reagent has been prepared by metal exchange of trifluoromethylthiosilver with Copper(I) Bromide.5 (1) Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable for several months when stored over phosphorus pentoxide at ambient temperature. Use in a fume hood.
ChemInform Abstract: Iminyl, Amidyl, and Carbamyl Radicals from O‐Benzoyl Oximes and O‐ Benzoyl Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Autocrine and paracrine effects of atrial natriuretic peptide gene transfer on vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cellular growth. (1994)

In addition to the atria, recent evidence suggests that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is also synthesized in other tissues. Of particular interest is the location of ANP mRNA in the vessel wall. We and others have shown that exogenously added ANP inhibited the growth of endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in culture. However, it is not known if the locally synthesized ANP would act similarly. Because cultured endothelial cells and VSMC have lost the ability to express the endogenous ANP gene, we have transfected cells in culture with an expression vector expressing rat ANP and have examined the effects on growth. Cultured endothelial cells transfected with an ANP expression vector synthesized and secreted high levels of ANP. These cells also showed significantly lower rates of DNA synthesis under basal and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-stimulated conditions. Addition of conditioned medium from endothelial cells transfected with ANP vector to nontransfected endothelial cells resulted in the significant increase in cyclic GMP. Similarly, conditioned media collected from endothelial cells transfected with ANP vector also decreased DNA synthesis in VSMC. Coculture of ANP-transfected endothelial cells with quiescent VSMC showed that released ANP from endothelial cells inhibited DNA synthesis in VSMC. Finally, we examined the autocrine effect of direct transfection of ANP vector into VSMC. Transfection of the ANP vector decreased DNA synthesis in VSMC under basal and angiotensin II-stimulated conditions. Similarly, transfection of the ANP vector resulted in a decrease in the PDGF and serum (5%)-stimulated DNA synthesis of VSMC. These results demonstrate that endogenously produced ANP can exert autocrine and paracrine inhibitory effects on endothelial cell and VSMC growth. In vivo gene transfer of ANP may provide us with the opportunity of gene therapy for vascular diseases in which the abnormalities are vasoconstriction and pathological growth.
The CD153 vaccine is a senotherapeutic option for preventing the accumulation of senescent T cells in mice (2020)

Senotherapy targeting for senescent cells is designed to attenuate age-related dysfunction. Senescent T cells, defined as CD4<sup>+</sup> CD44<sup>high</sup> CD62L<sup>low</sup> PD-1<sup>+</sup> CD153<sup>+</sup> cells, accumulate in visceral adipose tissues (VAT) in obese individuals. Here, we show the long-lasting effect of using CD153 vaccination to remove senescent T cells from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. We administered a CD153 peptide-KLH (keyhole limpet hemocyanin) conjugate vaccine with Alhydrogel (CD153-Alum) or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 1585 (CD153-CpG) and confirmed an increase in anti-CD153 antibody levels that was sustained for several months. After being fed a HFD for 10-11 weeks, adipose senescent T cell accumulation was significantly reduced in the VAT of CD153-CpG-vaccinated mice, accompanied by glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. A complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay indicated that the mouse IgG2 antibody produced in the CD153-CpG-vaccinated mice successfully reduced the number of senescent T cells. The CD153-CpG vaccine is an optional tool for senolytic therapy.
Abstract 19259: Dynamic Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Evidence for Metabolic Inflexibility in the Failing Heart (2017)

Introduction: Metabolic signatures of heart failure (HF) phenotypes generally portray static, single time point differences between disease and control groups. Dynamic changes in metabolite in response to cues such as glucose loading are rarely determined in human HF studies. Methods: This was a multi-centre study that involved HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF) and controls. All patients underwent a protocol that involved fasting overnight, followed by an early morning oral glucose drink (75 gram). Blood sampling at (Time 1) baseline (prior to glucose drink), (ii) (Time 2) 2 hours after glucose drink, (iii) (Time 3) 3 hours after baseline were performed. Targeted high mass spectrometry measured 65 circulating acyl-carnitines in serum (nanomolar). Results: This analysis consisted of 19 subjects (mean age 53±10 years; 8 females (42%) (HF n=9 (all EF <50%); controls n=10). All subjects were non-diabetic, as confirmed by fasting glucose and glycated haemoglobin levels. At Time 1, there were sign...