gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Live Attenuated Vaccine Candidate for Tularemia Prophylaxis (2013)

Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of a fatal human disease, tularemia. F. tularensis was used in bioweapon programs in the past and is now classified as a category A select agent owing to its possible use in bioterror attacks. Despite over a century since its discovery, an effective vaccine is yet to be developed. In this study four transposon insertion mutants of F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) in Na/H antiporter (FTL_0304), aromatic amino acid transporter (FTL_0291), outer membrane protein A (OmpA)-like family protein (FTL_0325) and a conserved hypothetical membrane protein gene (FTL_0057) were evaluated for their attenuation and protective efficacy against F. tularensis SchuS4 strain. All four mutants were 100-1000 fold attenuated for virulence in mice than parental F. tularensis. Except for the FTL_0304, single intranasal immunization with the other three mutants provided 100% protection in BALB/c mice against intranasal challenge with virulent F. tularensis SchuS4. Differences in the protective ability of the FTL_0325 and FTL_0304 mutant which failed to provide protection against SchuS4 were investigated further. The results indicated that an early pro-inflammatory response and persistence in host tissues established a protective immunity against F. tularensis SchuS4 in the FTL_0325 immunized mice. No differences were observed in the levels of serum IgG antibodies amongst the two vaccinated groups. Recall response studies demonstrated that splenocytes from the FTL_0325 mutant immunized mice induced significantly higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 cytokines than the FTL_0304 immunized counterparts indicating development of an effective memory response. Collectively, this study demonstrates that persistence of the vaccine strain together with its ability to induce an early pro-inflammatory innate immune response and strong memory responses can discriminate between successful and failed vaccinations against tularemia. This study describes a live attenuated vaccine which may prove to be an ideal vaccine candidate for prevention of respiratory tularemia.
Laminar Boundary Layer Near the Rotating End Wall of a Confined Vortex (1982)

The results of an experimental and theoretical investigation of the fluid mechanics in a confined vortex are discussed with particular emphasis on behavior away from the axis of symmetry and near the end walls. The vortex is generated in a rotating cylindrical chamber with an exit opening in one end. Both end walls rotate. For the range of flow rates and swirl ratios (1≤S≤5) of interest here, the flow field far from the end walls behaves as inviscid and irrotational; and the end wall boundary layers are thin and laminar. Measurements and calculations of tangential and radial velocity in the end wall region show the development of a secondary flow resulting in a strong velocity “overshoot” in the radial component. Results illustrating the nature of the velocity variations on the end walls are presented; and it is shown that the mass flow rate through the end wall boundary layers, while only a small fraction of the total flow, increases with increasing swirl and with decreasing total flow rate through the chamber.
Resistance to spiromesifen in Trialeurodes vaporariorum is associated with a single amino acid replacement in its target enzyme acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (2012)

Spiromesifen is a novel insecticide and is classed as a tetronic acid derivative. It targets the insects' acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) enzyme, causing a reduction in lipid biosynthesis. At the time of this publication, there are no reports of resistance to this class of insecticides in insects although resistance has been observed in several mite species. The greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) is a serious pest of protected vegetable and ornamental crops in temperate regions of the world and spiromesifen is widely used in its control. Mortality rates of UK and European populations of T. vaporariorum to spiromesifen were calculated and up to 26-fold resistance was found. We therefore sought to examine the molecular mechanism underlying spiromesifen resistance in this important pest. Pre-treatment with piperonyl butoxide did not synergize spiromesifen, suggesting a target-site resistance mechanism. The full length ACCase gene was sequenced for a range of T. vaporariorum strains and a strong association was found between spiromesifen resistance and a glutamic acid substitution with lysine in position 645 (E645K) of this gene. A TaqMan allelic discrimination assay confirmed these findings. Although this resistance is not considered sufficient to compromise the field performance of spiromesifen, this association of E645K with resistance is the first report of a potential target site mechanism affecting an ACCase inhibitor in an arthropod species.
Free-space architecture for an ATM header processing function (1998)

Header Error Control in all optical ATM switching nodes is discussed. An architecture of an error detection subsystem is designed suitable for free-space parallel optical implementation.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Integrating RAS Status into Prognostic Signatures for Adenocarcinomas of the Lung (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2. RAS status influences prognostic performance of the 6-gene signature. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for RASwt (A) and RASmt (B) patients, stratified according to the 6-gene signature.&lt;/p&gt;
A study of the broadband characteristic of reflectarray antennas using aberration theory (2016)

In this paper, the broadband conditions of a reflectarray antenna will be shown using aberration theory. By using aberration theory, the mechanism of the frequency characteristics of the beam shift and gain reduction will be clarified. Further, a method for the mirror surface is described to become wide band. The validity is verified by an analysis and a theoretical formula.
Interaction Forces between Oxide and Silica-Modified Terpolymer Abrasive and their Impact on CMP and Post-CMP (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Studies on effects of forphenicinol on immune responses. (1982)

The oral administration of forphenicinol, S-2-(3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylphenyl)glycine which was synthesized during the study of derivatives and analogs of forphenicine, augmented delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells and oxazolone in mice. The treatment with forphenicinol restored DTH in mice immuno-suppressed by cyclophosphamide to normal response. Forphenicinol neither augmented antibody-formation nor stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes in the presence or absence of lectins. Phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages was enhanced by forphenicinol in vivo and in vitro. Forphenicinol was effective in increasing the production of CFU-C in the presence of colony stimulating factor and partially prevented the reduction of leucocyte counts caused by mitomycin C.
A dual inverter with integrated energy storage for wind power systems (2010)

This paper explores the possibility of using grid side inverter as an interface to connect energy storage systems. A dual inverter system, formed by cascading two 2-level inverters through a coupling transformer, is used as the testing model. The inverters are named as “main inverter” and “auxiliary inverter”. The main inverter is powered by the rectified output of the wind generator while the auxiliary inverter is attached to a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). If there is a surplus of wind power compared to the demand, then that would be stored in BESS while if there is a deficit in wind power then the demand will be satisfied by supplying power from the BESS. This enables constant power dispatch to the grid irrespective of wind changes. Novel modulation and control techniques are proposed to address the problem of non-integer, dynamically-varying dc-link voltage ratio, which is due to random wind changes. Furthermore, a maximum power tracking controller for this unique system is explained in detail. Simulation results verify the efficacy of proposed modulation and control techniques in suppressing random power fluctuations.
First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne marylandi on Turfgrasses in Israel (2004)

In a turfgrass nursery in Arava, Israel, a population of root-knot nematodes was isolated from poorly growing Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) with symptoms of foliar chlorosis and roots with very small, smooth galls and protruding egg masses. The isolated population (genus Meloidogyne) included females and second-stage juveniles, whereas no males were observed. Measurements and morphological observations of 20 second-stage juveniles (body length = 423 ± 13 μm, dorsal gland orifice from stylet base = 2.6 ± 0.4 μm, tail length = 63 ± 3 μm, hyaline tail length = 12.4 ± 0.9 μm and hemizonid posterior to excretory pore) and 10 adult females (stylet length = 12.5 ± 0.7 μm, dorsal gland orifice from stylet base = 3.3 ± 0.5 μm, excretory pore to head end = 11.9 ± 1.3 μm and perineal patterns rounded to ovoid with coarse striae) conformed to the description of Meloidogyne marylandi Jepson and Golden (3). Additionally, the identification was confirmed when females and second-stage juveniles were compared with available paratype slides. The isozymes malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) and esterase (EC 3.1.1.1) of young, adult females were also different from those of other described root-knot nematode species, including M. graminis, a taxon closely related to M. marylandi (4). M. marylandi was discovered and described from Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers) in Maryland in 1987. Outside the United States, it has only been isolated from Zoysia matrella in Japan (1,2,3). In host range tests with different turfgrasses, stolons with roots were inoculated after 1 week with 500 second-stage juveniles per plant and 6 weeks later, the produced egg-masses where counted. These tests showed that this root-knot nematode isolate reproduced on Z. japonica and Pennisetum clandestinum, while no egg masses were observed on the roots of Dactyloctenium australe, Paspalum vaginatum, and Stenotaphrum secundatum. Additionally, some cereals grown from seeds were tested. Wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and bristle oat (Avena strigosa) were infested with this nematode, while oat (A. sativa) was not. Although the origin of this root-knot nematode in Israel is unknown, it could have been distributed throughout the country with commercial turfgrass. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. marylandi in Israel and outside the United States and Japan. References: (1) M. Araki. Jpn. J. Nematol. 22:49, 1992. (2) A. M. Golden. J. Nematol. 21:453, 1989. (3) S. B. Jepson and A. M. Golden. Pages 263-265 in: Identification of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne species). CAB International, Wallingford, U.K., 1987. (4) G. Karssen. The plant-parasitic nematode genus, Meloidogyne Göldi, 1892 (Tylenchida) in Europe. Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands, 2002.
Mitigation of NADPH Oxidase 2 Activity as a Strategy to Inhibit Peroxynitrite Formation (2016)

Using high throughput screening-compatible assays for superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, we identified potential inhibitors of the NADPH oxidase (Nox2) isoform from a small library of bioactive compounds. By using multiple probes (hydroethidine, hydropropidine, Amplex Red, and coumarin boronate) with well defined redox chemistry that form highly diagnostic marker products upon reaction with superoxide (O2 (̇̄)), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), the number of false positives was greatly decreased. Selected hits for Nox2 were further screened for their ability to inhibit ONOO(-)formation in activated macrophages. A new diagnostic marker product for ONOO(-)is reported. We conclude that the newly developed high throughput screening/reactive oxygen species assays could also be used to identify potential inhibitors of ONOO(-)formed from Nox2-derived O2 (̇̄)and nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide.
Contrast enhanced nanoCT parameter optimisation for volumetric analyses of in vitro manufactured tissue-engineered bone constructs (2014)

As the field of tissue engineering (TE) matures, there is a growing need for novel imaging techniques for the characterisation of engineered constructs (i.e. cells/tissue combined with scaffolds) in a more insightful and quantitative manner. In a proof of concept study, we recently showed that combining the high spatial and contrast resolution of nanofocus computed tomography (nanoCT) with two different contrast agents (i.e. contrast-enhanced nanoCT or CE-nanoCT) allowed the visualization and quantification of in vitro formed neo-tissue (both cellular and extracellular matrix) in bioreactor-cultured TE constructs (1). Although the contrast difference between the neo-tissue fraction of the construct and the background was increased using the contrast agents, the image quality was compromised due to metal-related image artefacts thus hindering accurate, and automated quantification in the entire dataset. Therefore, a range of image processing settings was evaluated to optimise image quality and enable automation of the analysis procedure. Additionally, using a design of experiments (DoE) approach we improved/enhanced the quality of the obtained datasets allowing the determination of the optimum staining time, contrast agent concentration combinations.
Kayaçların Equotip Sertlik İndeksi ile Mekanik Özellikleri ve Delinebilirliği Arasındaki İlişkiler (2017)

zet: Yeralt maden galerileri veya tnel kazs srasnda uygun delici makine ve u seimi, makine performansn ve birim maliyetleri etkileyen nemli faktrlerdir. Bu seim kayacn delinebilirlik, sertlik ve dier mekanik zelliklerinin doru olarak llmesiyle yaplabilir. Bu makalede, ncelikle yurt ii ve yurt dndan alnan blok numuneler ISRM standartlarna gre uygun boyutlarda hazrlanmtr. Daha sonra, laboratuvarda Equotip ve Shore sertlii ile mekanik zellikleri belirlenmitir. Ayrca, her bir numunenin delinebilirliini snflandrmak zere delme oran indeksi llmtr. Bu balamda Equotip sertlik indeksi ile Shore indeksi, mekanik zellikleri ve delme oran indeksi arasndaki ilikiler incelenmitir
Production of injection molding tooling with conformal cooling channels using the three dimensional printing process (2000)

Abstract A Solid Freeform Fabrication Process called Three Dimensional Printing is applied to the fabrication of injection molding tooling with cooling channels which are conformal to the molding cavity. The tool is created by spreading layers of stainless steel powder and selectviely joining the powder in the layers by ink‐jet printing of a binder material. Unbound powder is removed from without and within the green part thus defined. The green part is sintered and infiltrated with a copper alloy to produce a fully dense tool. The infiltrant is kept out of the cooling channels by elevating the tool above the free surface of the pool of infiltrant in the crucible, thus creating a controlled negative pressure within the infiltrant. An upper limit to the separation of tooling cavity and cooling channel was derived based on transient heat transfer considerations. A tooling set was created to mold a split ring shape and conformal cooling channels were placed in both the cavity and core sides of the tool. The performance of this tool was compared against the performance of a tooling set with straight cooling channels. Thermocouples buried in the core and cavity showed that the conformal tool had no period of transient behavior at the start of molding, while the tool with straight channels took 10–15 cycles to come to an equilibrium temperature some 40°C above the temperature of the coolant. The conformal tool was also found to maintain a more uniform temperature within the tool during an individual molding cycle. The gap in the molded split rings did not change from cycle to cycle with the conformal tool, while it did with the conventional tool. A 2‐D finite difference model accurately captured the observed temperature histories of the mold with conformal cooling channels.
Enteroviruses and type 1 diabetes (2011)

Are clearly linked, but the mechanism is yet to be explained

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease of the endocrine pancreas that results in impairment of insulin producing pancreatic β cells. Inflammation of the pancreas correlates with the onset of symptoms, and susceptibility to the disease is influenced by genetic factors⇓.1



Coxsackie B3/AMI Images/SPL

The incidence rate of type 1 diabetes has increased over the past 25 years at an annual rate of 3%, but this cannot be explained only by genetic modifications in the population. It has therefore been suggested that environmental factors—such as drugs; toxins; nutrients (for example, cows’ milk); and viruses like rotaviruses, adenoviruses, retroviruses, reoviruses, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, mumps virus, or rubella virus—can play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Viruses of the enterovirus genus, which have an RNA genome, are the most likely candidates, especially serotypes like coxsackie B virus belonging to the …
Hydrogen sorption characteristics of advanced Zr-based alloy getters for field emission display (1997)

#Hydrogen sorption characteristics of Zr-based alloy getters were investigated. They were ,fabricated in the forms of bulk and thin-Jilm, respectively. Hydrogen sorption tests were performed using modijkd Siverts ' apparatus in the pressure range of and IO-' Torr, and at temperatures of 50, 100 c. In order to improve activation process and hydrogen sorption property, NEGs, with Ni-coated on the surface were employed. Surface Ni plays an important role as catalyst which enables hydrogen to dissociate on surface more easily and protection layer against oxidation. Hydrogen sorption kinetics of Ni-coated NEGs were faster than that of Ni uncoated ones. And Ni-coated NEGs show good gettering performance without activation process. Also, thinTfilm NEGs were fabricated and characterized to evaluate the applicability for FED.
Cyclic-RGD Peptides Increase the Adenoviral Transduction of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2012)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been extensively explored for drug delivery applications due to their safety, immunomodulatory properties, and ability to differentiate into new tissues. The experiments presented in this study were designed to determine peptide-based mechanisms to increase the adenoviral transduction of hMSCs for the purpose of improving their capacity as drug delivery vehicles. Specifically, we demonstrated that cyclic- RGD peptides increased the internalization of adenoviruses into MSCs. MSCs treated with cyclic-RGD peptides had a transduction efficiency of 76.6%±4%, which was significantly greater than the 23.5%±12.2% transduction efficiency of untreated stem cells (P<0.05). Blocking endocytosis with inhibitors of dynamin or actin polymerization decreased the cyclic-RGD-mediated increase in transduction efficiency. MSCs treated with cyclic-RGD and adenoviruses carrying the gene for bone morphogenetic protein-2 produced significantly greater concentrations of this growth factor compared to stem cells treated with only adenoviruses or adenoviruses cocultured with cyclic-RAD peptides. Furthermore, this stem cell-produced bone morphogenetic protein induced alkaline phosphatase expression in C2C12 cells indicating growth factor bioactivity. Taken together, these studies suggest that cyclic-RGD peptides could be used to increase the adenoviral transduction of hMSCs and increase their therapeutic potential.
Abstract 798: Androgen receptor, PI3K/mTOR and PSMA: Exploring and exploiting the interplay between therapeutic targets in prostate cancer (2014)

Abstract Introduction: Androgen receptor (AR), the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) represent significant potential targets for prostate cancer therapy. The present study examined the cross-regulation and co-targeting of these molecular pathways. Methods: Cytotoxicity and the kinetics of antigen expression were evaluated in prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and C4-2) that vary according to androgen dependence. Expression of PSMA, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and AR was evaluated in cells cultured in rapamycin and AR inhibitors. Cells were tested for susceptibility to PI3K/mTOR inhibitors used alone and in combination with PSMA ADC, a fully human PSMA monoclonal antibody conjugated to the microtubule disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). Potential drug synergy or antagonism was evaluated using the Bliss independence method. Results: In androgen-dependent LNCaP cells, rapamycin exerted antiproliferative effects that were accompanied by an increase in AR expression and signaling in the absence of any significant effect on PSMA expression. In androgen-independent C4-2 cells, rapamycin increased AR expression/signaling and PSMA expression in the absence of any significant anti-proliferative effect. AR inhibitors synergized with PSMA ADC in LNCaP and C4-2 cells, but PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitors synergized with PSMA ADC in C4-2 cells only. More modest synergy was observed by combining non-targeted microtubule inhibitors with inhibitors of AR or mTOR. Compared with rapamycin, GDC0941 (PI3K inhibitor) and MK-2206 (Akt inhibitor), both upstream of mTOR, synergized less strongly with PSMA ADC in C4-2 cells. Conclusions: In this study, AR and PI3K/mTOR pathways exhibited cross-regulation impacting PSMA expression. PSMA ADC synergized with AR and mTOR inhibitors via a multimodal mechanism involving increased PSMA expression and disruption of microtubule function. The findings support clinical exploration of regimens combining PSMA-targeted therapies with inhibitors of the AR and/or PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways. Citation Format: Jose D. Murga, Wells W. Magargal, Sameer M. Moorji, Vincent A. DiPippo, William C. Olson. Androgen receptor, PI3K/mTOR and PSMA: Exploring and exploiting the interplay between therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 798. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-798
Radio-frequency-based detection of electrical discharge machining bearing currents (2011)

The possibility of a bearing damage caused by inverter-induced bearing currents in modern variable-speed drive systems is well recognised at present. In this study a non-intrusive method to detect and monitor the frequency of occurrence of these currents is presented. A technique of this kind makes it possible to analyse a certain drive system with respect to the appearance of inverter-induced bearing currents and to estimate the risk they might pose to the bearings. The proposed method is based on measurement of the radio frequency signal emitted by the discharge and transmitted by the machine itself. The theory behind the technique and its realisation is discussed. Exemplary measurements are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the theory by studying the relationship between the motor shaft speed and the bearing current discharge activity for a 15 kW induction motor.
Supplementary Table S1 from Analytic Validation of RNA <i>In Situ</i> Hybridization (RISH) for AR and AR-V7 Expression in Human Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RNA-seq reads spanning selected AR junctions in the RNA-seq data of CRPC samples from GSE50630, which was depleted of ribosomal RNA but not enriched for polyA transcripts&lt;/p&gt;