gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface reaction and transport kinetics of hydrogen through palladium-based membranes under gas co-existing with hydrogen atmospheres (2009)

In order to understand how gas co-existing with hydrogen affects the hydrogen permeability of a silver 23wt%-palladium membrane, the surface reaction of hydrogen was evaluated from the continuity of the surface reaction rate and the bulk diffusion flux of hydrogen based on the results of hydrogen-permeation measurements. The interference effect of the co-existing species was quantified as a function of temperature, partial pressure and the components of the co-existing gas. In order to investigate the behaviour of the co-existing species on the membrane surface, in situ observation using the Polarisation Modulated Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) was carried out. An infrared absorption peak due to the adsorption of carbon monoxide on the membrane was observed under the atmosphere of 7.8% carbon monoxide – 2.3% water vapour – 89.9% hydrogen. From the dependence of the infrared absorption peak on temperature, co-existing carbon monoxide was found to adsorb onto the membrane surface irreversibly.
The stand-by current performance improvement by reducing post-etch Cu-F residue to prevent Cu extrusion for 28nm-node Cu interconnect and beyond (2018)

Copper (Cu) interconnect at back-end of the line is one of key factors to impact the stand-by current (Isb) performance. However, issue of Cu-loss deteriorates Cu interconnect integration. The formation of Cu-loss is attributed to that fluorine produced by via etching process catalyzes Cu oxidation reaction to form Cu-F. Following up, Cu extrusion of metal lines through by contact vias is carried out. This paper provides the solution to overcome the formation of Cu-loss. The post-etch Cu-F residue plays a key role in forming Cu-loss. By analysis of Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> p <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, using the N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> plasma treatment after via etching reduces 48% of Cu-F. Following up, the additional NH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> flush step successfully removes the remaining Cu-F. With the above two steps, Cu extrusion free on the top of contact vias is found. Moreover, 5 times the queue time extension between via etching to tungsten barrier deposition is achieved. Finally, the Isb yield impact by Cu-loss is successfully eliminated, and EM is improved.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual By‐Product from a Non‐Synchronous Reaction Between Ethyl 1,2,4‐Triazine‐3‐carboxylate and an Enamine. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluation of Thread Level Speculation in BlueGene/Q (2014)

Thread Level Speculation(TLS) is a hardware/software technique that guarantees correct parallel execution of loops even in the presence of dependence and has potential to lead to performance gains through the parallelization of loops that cannot be proven to be free of dependencies at compile time. However, given the overhead of TLS execution, the selection of loops to be speculated is important to avoid performance degradation. Data-dependence profiling is often used to find out if the may dependencies reported by the static analysis of a compiler materialize at runtime. A cost analysis may conclude that some loops with a lower probability of dependence should be speculatively parallelized. This report addressed the question as to whether a loops’ dependence behaviour changes when the input to the program changes — a study of 57 different benchmarks indicates that it usually does not change. Then the report describes SpecEval, a new automatic speculative parallelization framework that uses single-input data-dependence profiles to find speculation candidates in the SPEC2006 and PolyBench/C benchmarks. This report also presents the first performance evaluation of TLS implementation in IBM’s BlueGene/Q supercomputer and shows that the performance of TLS is affected by several factors, including: number and coverage of speculated loops, missspeculation overhead due to function calls in a speculated loop, L1 cache miss rate and dynamic instruction path length affects.
Rheology of whey protein isolate‐xanthan mixed solutions and gels. Effect of pH and xanthan concentration (1997)

Abstract Flow properties at pH 5.5‐7.5 of whey protein isolate (WPI)‐xanthan solutions containing 0‐0.5 w/w% xanthan were studied by viscosimetry, although rigidity and fracture properties of the corresponding heat‐set gels (90°C, 30 min) were determined by uniaxial compression. All the studied solutions displayed generalized shearthinning flow behaviour. Synergistic WPI‐xanthan interactions has been revealed by observing that rheological parameters [σ msf , K, n, η (γ)] characterizing blends were larger than those calculated from the two separated solutions. Such a behaviour was attributed to segregative phase separation of whey proteins and xanthan. Effects of xanthan on WPI‐xanthan gel properties both depended on pH and xanthan concentration. Simultaneous increased xanthan concentration and decreased pH inhibited gelation of WPI‐xanthan blends. Regarding gel strength, synergistic WPI‐xanthan interactions were observed at pH &gt;7.0 and low xanthan concentration (0.05 or 0.1 w/w%). Antagonism between the two macromolecules occurred at low xanthan concentration and pH ≤6.5, and high xanthan concentration (0.2 or 0.5 w/w%) at all pH tested. Low xanthan concentration rendered mixed gels more brittle than protein gels, and high xanthan concentration decreased pH effects on gel stress‐strain relationships. The balance between strong thermal aggregation of concentrated whey proteins ‐ in presence of incompatible xanthan ‐, high viscosity of blends and repulsive surface forces of protein molecules was thought to be at the origin of WPI‐xanthan gel mechanical properties.
MTV - INTEGRATED MOBILITY AND TRANSPORT NETWORK (1998)

Information, coordination, and cooperation between personal and public transportation are key concepts for meeting future demands for efficient transportation systems. The prerequisite for this is combining various transportation providers and systems in order to realize multi-modal transportation chains. The objective of the MTV or Mobilitats- und Transportverbund (i.e. Integrated Mobility and Transport Network) project is to meet these prerequisites by focusing on networking the transportation providers and preparing to provide new mobility services. For the covering abstract see IRRD E102946.
A semi-distributed control system for application management in a NoC-based architecture (2006)

Networks-on-chip (NoCs) are high-performance structures to support communications in complex systems-on-chip (SoCs). However, in such architectures, scheduling and configuration of the distributed processing elements become a problematic by itself. The authors address this issue with an innovative semi-distributed control scheme based on a specific reconfigurable network interface architecture which allows the dynamic control and configuration of complex applications, such as fourth-generation telecommunication data processing. Our scheme improves the autonomy of the processing units, with low overhead on integration and performance constraints. The architecture introduces a centralized configuration server mechanism, which reduces the individual complexity of each network interface. In addition, caching is used to optimize the memory/performance trade-off. This paper illustrates SoC dynamic configuration in our context and describes our solution. Benefits are validated by simulation and complexity is evaluated with synthesis results
110-OR: Autonomous Artificial Intelligence Diabetic Eye Exams to Mitigate Disparities in Screening Completion (2023)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes that can result in vision loss, but early detection and treatment through screening can prevent this. Few individuals with diabetes meet recommended DR screening guidelines, and racial/ethnic minority youth are less likely to undergo recommended screening. We sought to determine if implementing point of care (POC) autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) screening could mitigate disparities in diabetic eye exam completion. In a preregistered prospective study, ACCESS2, youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes meeting American Diabetes Association criteria for needing DR screening underwent point of care autonomous AI diabetic eye exams at diabetes clinic visits. Completion rates of diabetic eye screening exams were compared prior to and after implementation of autonomous AI using chi-square tests. A total of 152 youth with T1D (69.7%) and T2D (30.3%) were enrolled, mean age 15.5y, 45.4% non-Hispanic (NH) White, with duration of diabetes of 5.7y, and median HbA1c of 8%. A greater percentage of NH White participants reported any prior diabetic eye exam compared to non-white and Hispanic participants (92.8% v 65.1%, p&amp;lt;0.001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that even when controlling for age, sex, HbA1c, Medicaid insurance, diabetes type and duration of diabetes, non-white youth are less likely to have had a prior diabetic eye exam (OR 0.26, CI: 0.07-0.93, p=0.04). After undergoing POC autonomous AI diabetic eye exams, completion rates were 99% for participants in all subgroups. Implementation of autonomous AI at the point of care increases access to and completion of diabetic eye exams, and promotes health equity for minority youth with diabetes. Disclosure A.Zehra: None. M.D.Abràmoff: Board Member; Digital Diagnostics, Consultant; AbbVie Inc., NovaGo Therapeutics AG, Other Relationship; Digital Diagnostics, Stock/Shareholder; Digital Diagnostics. R.M.Wolf: Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Inc. L.A.Bromberger: None. B.Pan: None. A.Shehadeh: None. D.Patel: None. E.A.Brown: None. R.Channa: None. T.Liu: None. H.Lehmann: None. Funding National Eye Institute (R01EY033233, 5K23EY030911-03)
Encoding and Beyond in the Motor Cortex (2010)

This chapter proposes that the motor cortex does not encode movement as any one simple Newtonian parameter of motion. Rather, if motor cortical neurons actually encode anything at all, they represent movement fragments. The chapter begins by defining the meaning of “encoding” in the nervous system. It then provides evidence against the contention that motor cortical neurons encode any simple movement parameter, and argues for the hypothesis that motor cortex may form a substrate where elementary movement fragments are assembled into motor behaviors. In the last part of the chapter, it is argued that encoding is only part of a full explanation of motor cortical functioning. The motor cortex not only encodes information but also transforms information by processing its inputs to generate its output, much like any information processing system.
FIRE PROTECTION FROM BIOMASS: A JOURNEY TO THE FLAME RETARDANCY OF BIO-BASED POLYMERS (2018)

International audience
A simple unified analytical model for ferroelectric thin film capacitor and its applications for nonvolatile memory operation (2002)

A simple unified analytical ferroelectric model has been developed based on an effective field assumption and statistical physics, which covers ferroelectric hysteresis, switching, and phase transitions including first and second order phase transitions as well as Curie-Weiss law. The model parameters may be extracted from measured data using commercial customizable optimization tools such as SmartSpice's Optimizer. The model can be used for modeling, simulation and statistical process control for ferroelectric nonvolatile memory design and fabrication.
Rapid Prototyping of Nanofluidic Slits in a Silicone Bilayer (2015)

This article reports a process for rapidly prototyping nanofluidic devices, particularly those comprising slits with microscale widths and nanoscale depths, in silicone. This process consists of designing a nanofluidic device, fabricating a photomask, fabricating a device mold in epoxy photoresist, molding a device in silicone, cutting and punching a molded silicone device, bonding a silicone device to a glass substrate, and filling the device with aqueous solution. By using a bilayer of hard and soft silicone, we have formed and filled nanofluidic slits with depths of less than 400 nm and aspect ratios of width to depth exceeding 250 without collapse of the slits. An important attribute of this article is that the description of this rapid prototyping process is very comprehensive, presenting context and details which are highly relevant to the rational implementation and reliable repetition of the process. Moreover, this process makes use of equipment commonly found in nanofabrication facilities and research laboratories, facilitating the broad adaptation and application of the process. Therefore, while this article specifically informs users of the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), we anticipate that this information will be generally useful for the nanofabrication and nanofluidics research communities at large, and particularly useful for neophyte nanofabricators and nanofluidicists.
Antiviral Methods and Protocols (1999)

In Antiviral Methods and Protocols, experienced scientists describe-in an easily-followed format-their state-of-the-art techniques for evaluating antiviral compounds. The assays described include systems for investigating drugs used against herpesviruses, hepatitis viruses, human immunodeficiency viruses, human papillomaviruses, and influenza viruses. These well-tested methods range from cellular assays to some of the most up-to-date molecular approaches for identifying compounds that are active against viral enzymes and the development of viral resistance against drugs currently in use. The detailed protocols also discuss possible pitfalls and ways to overcome them. Timely and comprehensive, Antiviral Methods and Protocols offers today's researchers in academia, clinical departments, and the pharmaceutical industry the powerful, reproducible, and novel methods needed to evaluate compounds effective against both acute and chronic infections
Dense disparity estimation from linear measurements (2011)

This paper proposes a methodology to estimate the correlation model between a pair of images that are given under the form of linear measurements. We consider an image pair whose common objects are relatively displaced due to the positioning of vision sensors. In such scenarios the correlation model that relates the displacement between the objects is effectively represented by a disparity image. We consider a framework where each image is directly acquired and compressed by projecting onto a random basis of lower dimension. Given the linear measurements computed from the images we propose to estimate the underlying correlation model directly in the compressed domain without reconstructing the images that is usually a costly solution. We first show that the correlated images can be efficiently related using a linear operator. Using this linear relationship between the images we derive the relationship between the corresponding measurements in the compressed domain. The underlying correlation model is then built by solving a regularized energy minimization problem. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme estimates an accurate correlation model between the images. Also we show by experiments that the proposed scheme performs competitively with the scheme that estimates the correlation model from the reconstructed images.
Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to HCOOH at Tin Cathode: Development of a Theoretical Model and Comparison with Experimental Results (2018)

Abstract The electrochemical reduction of pressurized carbon dioxide at tin cathode is considered a very promising process for the production of formic acid. Here, the process was studied in an undivided cell with the aim of developing a simple theoretical model. First, a large series of polarization and electrolyses was performed in order to evaluate the kinetic of the process. According to the literature, experimental results can be described by a simple reaction mechanism, which involves the following key stages: (i) mass transfer of CO 2 to the cathode; (i) its adsorption described by a Langmuir equation; (iii) the reduction of adsorbed CO 2 . A simple model was developed based on the cathodic conversion of pressurized CO 2 to HCOOH and on its anodic oxidation. The theoretical model was in a good agreement with experimental results collected in this work and in previous ones and well described the effect of several operative parameters, including current density, pressure and kind of reactor.
Development of Intense Plastic Strain and Ultrafine Grains in Thicker Samples Processed by High-Pressure Torsion and High-Pressure Sliding (2011)

Intense plastic strain is imparted into disk- and ring-shape samples using high-pressure torsion (HPT) which is known as a typical process of severe plastic deformation. The grain size is refined to the submicrometer and/or nanometer range. The grain refinement is also achieved using high-pressure sliding (HPS) which was developed recently for rectangular sheet samples under high pressure as in HPT. However, the samples with the thickness thinner than 1 mm are usually used for both HPT and HPS processes but no attempt has been made for samples with the thickness thicker than 1 mm. This study is then initiated to investigate how homogeneously the strain is developed and the grain refinement is achieved in the thicker samples. High purity Al (99.99%) is used with ring-shape and rectangular sheet samples having thicknesses of 2 and 4 mm. It is shown that a region of intense plastic strain develops at the center height and expands to both upper and lower edges with straining. The grain refinement is achieved at such an intense plastic region with dislocation-free grains with the sizes of a few micrometers.
724 Improvement in Crashworthiness of Origami Structure in case of Oblique Offset Impact (2005)

We proposed Tubes using Origami structure, which has advantages for pedestrian and/or low speed Vehicle collision problem, and examined the crashworthiness of it by finite element method simulation. But these examinations didn't include the Oblique Offset Impact case, although, in real world, many frontal collisions are oblique offset impact. So then, in this report, we examined the crashworthiness of Origami structure in case of Oblique Offset Impact.
Fed-batch fermentation of nipa sap to acetic acid by Moorella thermoacetica (f. Clostridium thermoaceticum) (2017)

An efficient process for conversion of nipa sap to acetic acid was developed. Nipa sap was hydrolyzed with invertase and provided glucose as well as fructose as main sugars. Batch fermentation of glucose and fructose was inadequate with increased substrate concentration. By contrast, fed-batch technique on hydrolyzed nipa sap with high feeding rate drastically increased acetic acid concentration and productivity to be 42.6 g/L and 0.18 g/(L/h), respectively. All the sugars in hydrolyzed nipa sap were consumed, with acetic acid yield of 0.87 g/g sugar. Overall, nipa sap as hydrolyzed with invertase was efficiently fermented to acetic acid, which is a valuable chemical and a potential biorefinery intermediate.
Immunological characterization of M13 phage vaccine (2013)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Approximate fair allocation of link bandwidth (2003)

Approximate fair dropping (AFD), an active queue management scheme, allocates link bandwidth in an approximately fair manner. AFD-NFT, an enhancement to AFD, performs similarly and is much easier to implement.
Clustering Characteristics of Millimeter Wave Indoor Channels (2008)

Temporal-Angular channel sounding measurements of an indoor millimeter wave channel (60 GHz) is analyzed to determine whether ray arrivals at the receiver form clusters in the two-dimensional time-angle space. The channel behavior and cluster energy distribution for directional antennas (with various 3 dB beamwidths) at the transmitter are discussed. Geometric interpretation of the results is also provided.
Optical sectioning using a digital Fresnel incoherent-holography-based confocal imaging system (2014)

We propose a new type of confocal microscope using Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH). Presented here is a confocal configuration of FINCH using a phase pinhole and point illumination that is able to suppress out-of-focus information from the recorded hologram and hence combine the super-resolution capabilities of FINCH with the sectioning capabilities of confocal microscopy.
Familial vs. sporadic sarcoidosis: BTNL2 polymorphisms, clinical presentations, and outcomes in a French cohort (2016)

Despite a significant difference in BTNL2 polymorphism between sarcoid patients and controls, there was no such difference between familial and sporadic sarcoidosis cases and no correlation between BTNL2 polymorphism and disease severity or outcome. Thus, BTNL2 difference cannot be considered as a key marker for disease classification or patient management.
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Derived Carbonyls over Hafnium‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks (2017)

A series of highly crystalline, porous, hafnium-based metal-organic frameworks (Hf-MOFs) have been shown to catalyze the transfer hydrogenation reaction of levulinic ester to produce γ-valerolactone by using isopropanol as a hydrogen donor. The results are compared with their zirconium-based counterparts. The role of the metal center in Hf-MOFs has been identified and reaction parameters optimized. NMR studies using isotopically labeled isopropanol provide evidence that the transfer hydrogenation occurs through a direct intermolecular hydrogen transfer route. The catalyst, Hf-MOF-808, can be recycled several times with only a minor decrease in catalytic activity. The generality of the procedure has been demonstrated by accomplishing the transformation with aldehydes, ketones, and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The combination of Hf-MOF-808 with the Brønsted-acidic Al-Beta zeolite gives the four-step one-pot transformation of furfural to γ-valerolactone in good yield of 75 %.