gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blocking lymphatic vessel function with soluble VEGFR3 in atherosclerotic mouse model alters lipoprotein metabolism and enhances atherogenesis (2013)

Purpose: Lymphatic vessels take part in lipid absorption, inflammatory reactions and draining of large blood vessels. Even though these processes are involved in arterial diseases, the role of lymphatic vessels in atherosclerosis has not been clarified yet. In this study, we evaluated the effect of insufficient lymphatic function on the lipoprotein metabolism and development of atherosclerosis by blocking Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 (VEGFR3), the key mediator of lymphangiogenesis. Methods: Mice expressing soluble VEGFR3 (sVEGFR3) were cross-bred with atherosclerotic LDLR-/-/ApoB100/100 mice. Mice were fed with chow diet for 3-4 months, 7-8 months and 11-12 months followed by high-fat diet (42% of calories from fat and 0.15% from cholesterol) up to 12 weeks. Lipid levels and lipoprotein profiles were analyzed from blood plasma. Atherosclerotic lesion size was determined from en face aortas and cross-sections of aortic arches and lesion composition was evaluated with modified Movat's staining and immunohistochemical stainings for macrophages (mMQ), blood vessels (CD31) and lymphatic vessels (podoplanin). Results: Compared to LDLR-/-/ApoB100/100 controls, sVEGFR3 x LDLR-/-/ApoB100/100 mice had significantly increased plasma cholesterol levels with chow diet (8.2±0.4 mmol/l vs. 16.3±1.2 mmol/l, respectively) and up to 6 weeks with high-fat diet (36.9±3.0 mmol/l vs. 50.8±4.4 mmol/l, respectively). In addition, sVEGFR3 x LDLR-/-/ApoB100/100 mice had higher VLDL and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels than controls. Especially in young sVEGFR3 x LDLR-/-/ApoB100/100 mice, elevated cholesterol levels induced accelerated atherogenesis characterized by increased lesion size and rapid accumulation of foam cells and cholesterol crystals into the lesions. Even though the number of vasa vasorum in the atherosclerotic lesions was at similar level in the study and control groups, lymphatic vessels were almost absent in the lesions of sVEGFR3 x LDLR-/-/ApoB100/100 mice. Conclusions: Here we show that lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis are affected by insufficient lymphatic draining. These results suggest that lymphatic vessels have a previously undiscovered role in the lipid transport and highlight a potential target for the treatment of lipid related diseases, such as atherosclerosis.
Track deformable objects from point clouds with structure preserved registration (2019)

Manipulating deformable objects is a challenging task for robots. The major difficulty lies in how to track these objects accurately, robustly, and efficiently, considering they have infinite-dimensional configuration space. To deal with these problems, this paper proposes a novel state estimator to track deformable objects from point clouds. A non-rigid registration method, named structure preserved registration (SPR), is developed to update the estimation by registering the object model towards the current point cloud measurement. Both the local structure and the global topology of the deformable object are considered during registration, which improves the estimation robustness under noise, outliers, and occlusions. The tracking result is further refined by running a dynamic simulation in parallel, which enforces the estimates to satisfy the physical constraints of the object. A series of real-time tracking experiments on 1D objects (ropes) and 2D objects (clothes) are performed to evaluate the proposed state estimator. A wire harness manipulation platform is also introduced where robots can manipulate soft wires to desired shapes and autonomously evaluate the manipulation quality through visual feedback.
Human angiogenin is a potent cytotoxin in the absence of ribonuclease inhibitor (2018)

Angiogenin (ANG) is a secretory ribonuclease that promotes the proliferation of endothelial cells, leading to angiogenesis. This function relies on its ribonucleolytic activity, which is low for simple RNA substrates. Upon entry into the cytosol, ANG is sequestered by the ribonuclease inhibitor protein (RNH1). We find that ANG is a potent cytotoxin for <i>RNH1</i>-knockout HeLa cells, belying its inefficiency as a nonspecific catalyst. The toxicity does, however, rely on the ribonucleolytic activity of ANG and a cytosolic localization, which lead to the accumulation of particular tRNA fragments (tRFs), such as tRF-5 Gly-GCC. These up-regulated tRFs are highly cytotoxic at physiological concentrations. Although ANG is well-known for its promotion of cell growth, our results reveal that ANG can also cause cell death.
Versuche zur Darstellung N‐substituierter Dihydropyridine nach Hantzsch (1994)

Abstract Ausgehend von 1 und 2a‐c wurden das Dihydropyridin 9 und die Cyclohexene 5a,b und 6a,b,c bzw. das Cyclohexadien 4A und das Azocin 10A erhalten. Bei der Oxidation von 4A wird das Diphenyl‐Derivat 7 und das Phenanthridin‐ N ‐oxid 8 erhalten. Die Stereochemie der Produkte 4, 5 und 6 wird spektroskopisch untersucht. Die Struktur und Cyclisierung der Primäraddukte zu 5/6 bzw. 9 wird anhand von semiempirischen Berechnungen diskutiert.
Powerful Inference with the D-Statistic on Low-Coverage Whole-Genome Data (2017)

The detection of ancient gene flow between human populations is an important issue in population genetics. A common tool for detecting ancient admixture events is the D-statistic. The D-statistic is based on the hypothesis of a genetic relationship that involves four populations, whose correctness is assessed by evaluating specific coincidences of alleles between the groups. When working with high-throughput sequencing data, calling genotypes accurately is not always possible; therefore, the D-statistic currently samples a single base from the reads of one individual per population. This implies ignoring much of the information in the data, an issue especially striking in the case of ancient genomes. We provide a significant improvement to overcome the problems of the D-statistic by considering all reads from multiple individuals in each population. We also apply type-specific error correction to combat the problems of sequencing errors, and show a way to correct for introgression from an external population that is not part of the supposed genetic relationship, and how this leads to an estimate of the admixture rate. We prove that the D-statistic is approximated by a standard normal distribution. Furthermore, we show that our method outperforms the traditional D-statistic in detecting admixtures. The power gain is most pronounced for low and medium sequencing depth (1-10×), and performances are as good as with perfectly called genotypes at a sequencing depth of 2×. We show the reliability of error correction in scenarios with simulated errors and ancient data, and correct for introgression in known scenarios to estimate the admixture rates.
Optical Properties of 1P State Electron Bubbles in Liquid Helium-4 (2012)

When an electron is injected into liquid helium, it forces open a cavity that is free of helium atoms (an electron bubble). If the electron is in the ground 1S state, this bubble is spherical. By optical pumping it is possible to excite a significant fraction of the electron bubbles to the 1P state; the bubbles then lose spherical symmetry. We present calculations of the energies of photons that are needed to excite these 1P bubbles to higher energy states (1D and 2S) and the matrix elements for these transitions. Measurement of these transition energies would provide detailed information about the shape of the 1P bubbles.
Synthesis of checker EFSMs from timing diagram specifications (2003)

Efficient design verification is a major preoccupation in hardware systems design. We report on a method that assists the verification of the implementations of synchronous bus protocols (e.g., PCI). To this end we convert a timing diagram specification of the protocol in the form of hierarchical annotated action diagrams (HAAD) into synchronous state machines-checkers that can be used to observe the activity on the bus during simulation, emulation or formal verification and signal an error signal if a protocol violation is detected. The checkers are coded in synthesizable RT-level Verilog or VHDL. We illustrate the method on a subset of the PCI bus protocol.
Real-time 5G Radio Wave Visualizer (2018)

Currently, the next generation (5G) mobile communication system has been actively investigated, in order to satisfy the future expected requirements, such as super high bit rate. Here, one of the approaches is to utilize the high-SHF (over 6 GHz) and EHF (mainly 30 – 60 GHz) bands. On the other hand, various services based on the features of “enhanced mobile broadband”, “Massive machine type communications” and “ultra-reliable and low latency communications” are expected in 5G. This means that radio propagation scenarios to be investigated are diverse. So, we developed Real-time 5G Radio Wave Visualizer, in order to easily understand radio propagation characteristics. In this paper, we clarify the system configuration of the visualizer and show its performance.
Targeting adiponectin for cardioprotection (2006)

Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived plasma protein which has a reduced concentration in subjects with obesity-related diseases. Adiponectin has antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory characteristics, which lead to beneficial actions on various obesity-linked complications. Recent experimental findings have shown that adiponectin contributes to protection against cardiac remodelling after pressure overload and cardiac injury following ischaemia-reperfusion. Thus, adiponectin could emerge as a potential cardioprotective agent for the treatment of several pathological heart conditions.
Mycothiol-dependent proteins in actinomycetes (2007)

The pseudodisaccharide mycothiol is present in millimolar levels as the dominant thiol in most species of Actinomycetales. The primary role of mycothiol is to maintain the intracellular redox homeostasis. As such, it acts as an electron acceptor/donor and serves as a cofactor in detoxification reactions for alkylating agents, free radicals and xenobiotics. In addition, like glutathione, mycothiol may be involved in catabolic processes with an essential role for growth on recalcitrant chemicals such as aromatic compounds. Following a little over a decade of research since the discovery of mycothiol in 1994, we summarize the current knowledge about the role of mycothiol as an enzyme cofactor and consider possible mycothiol-dependent enzymes.
Fish-in-hole: rationally positioning palladium into traps of zeolite crystals for sinter-resistant catalysts (2018)

A fish-in-hole strategy for preparing a Pd nanoparticle catalyst was reported, which is achieved by controllable positioning of Pd nanoparticles individually at the traps of zeolite crystals. This Pd catalyst was sinter-resistant under high-temperature calcination and CO oxidation, outperforming the conventional supported catalyst consisting of supported Pd nanoparticles synthesized via the traditional deposition method.
Morphometric Analysis of Instar Variation in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (2015)

Measurements of head capsule, mandible, metanotum, and body weight were done on larvae of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionide) from the second to the last instar. Instar number varied from 14 to 18, but 15 or 16 instars were the most common. The value of dimensional measurements was evaluated as a tool for instar determination and to improve understanding of instar variation in T. molitor. Three methods of analysis were used, including discriminant, cluster, and frequency distribution analyses. Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the optimal combination of dimensional variables. Head capsule width, left mandible length, and body weight at the beginning of stadia were the most significant variables impacting instar. Discriminant analyses of instar using these three variables resulted in 47.74% misclassifications, indicating a high degree of dimensional overlapping among instars. Dimensional overlap and variability increased in older instars. Cluster 15-group analysis using measurements of head capsule width and mandible length resulted in the lowest level of group variability; however, there was low degree of correspondence between cluster groups and instars. Frequency distribution analysis of head capsule width revealed 11 peaks, but only the early 8 peaks corresponded with observed instars. All three methods of morphometric analysis failed to identify all instars of T. molitor correctly. Frequency distribution analysis provided the best match, but only among instars 2 to 10. It appears that instar variation in the larval development of T. molitor occurs after the 10th instar. A model of T. molitor developmental plasticity is proposed.
Low‐gravity combustion synthesis: Theoretical analysis of experimental evidences (2006)

Abstract The results obtained during a parabolic flight campaign sponsored by ESA on March 2002, and related to the combustion synthesis of TiB 2 − x TiAl and TiB 2 − x TiAl 3 composites are reported. Besides classical SHS experiments performed using cylindrical pellets, combustion front quenching experiments using conical samples placed inside a copper block are also conducted. Similar experiments are carried out under terrestrial conditions, for the sake of comparison. As expected, under both low‐gravity and terrestrial conditions, it is found that combustion temperature and front propagation velocity decrease as the system exothermicity is reduced, that is, when the aluminide/diboride molar ratio is augmented. However, it is observed that reaction front propagates relatively slower under low‐gravity conditions. Consistently, the extinction of the combustion front occurs earlier when the reaction is performed under reduced gravity conditions. A theoretical analysis performed by means of appropriate dimensionless numbers is proposed to provide possible explanations of the main experimental evidences reported in the literature on this subject, including those shown in this work. Specifically, this analysis reveals that the relatively higher‐propagation velocity observed under terrestrial conditions may be due to the correspondingly lower‐sample porosity change, which in turn limits the thermal conductivity decreasing in the reaction zone. In addition, free convection phenomena taking place in the molten phase formed at the reaction zone are able to justify the difference in combustion wave velocity experimentally observed under terrestrial conditions between top and bottom ignition configurations. Moreover, it is found that finer microstructure typically observed under low‐gravity is likely a consequence of the reduced coalescence phenomena taking place in such conditions. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 2006
on the optimal K-term approximation of a sparse parameter vector MMSE estimate (2009)

This paper considers approximations of marginalization sums that arise in Bayesian inference problems. Optimal approximations of such marginalization sums, using a fixed number of terms, are analyzed for a simple model. The model under study is motivated by recent studies of linear regression problems with sparse parameter vectors, and of the problem of discriminating signal-plus-noise samples from noise-only samples. It is shown that for the model under study, if only one term is retained in the marginalization sum, then this term should be the one with the largest a posteriori probability. By contrast, if more than one (but not all) terms are to be retained, then these should generally not be the ones corresponding to the components with largest a posteriori probabilities.
Dependence of Li2FeSiO4 Electrochemistry on Structure (2010)

Small differences in the FeO(4) arrangements (orientation, size, and distortion) do influence the equilibrium potential measured during the first oxidation of Fe(2+) to Fe(3+) in all polymorphs of Li(2)FeSiO(4).
Topology Optimization of Geometrically Non-Linear Structures Using Iso-XFEM Method (2014)

Iso-XFEM is an evolutionary-based topology optimization method which couples the extended finite element method (X-FEM) with an isoline/isosurface optimization approach, enabling a smooth and accurate representation of the design boundary in a fixed-grid finite element mesh. This paper investigates the application of the Iso-XFEM method to the topology optimization of structures which experience large deformation. The total Lagrangian formulation of the finite element method is employed to model the geometrically non-linear behaviour and equilibrium is found by implementing the Newton-Raphson method in each evolution. A cantilever beam is considered as a test case and the Iso-XFEM solutions obtained from linear and non-linear designs are compared with bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) solutions.
Natural language command of an autonomous micro-air vehicle (2010)

Natural language is a flexible and intuitive modality for conveying directions and commands to a robot but presents a number of computational challenges. Diverse words and phrases must be mapped into structures that the robot can understand, and elements in those structures must be grounded in an uncertain environment. In this paper we present a micro-air vehicle (MAV) capable of following natural language directions through a previously mapped and labeled environment. We extend our previous work in understanding 2D natural language directions to three dimensions, accommodating new verb modifiers such as go up and go down, and commands such as turn around and face the windows. We demonstrate the robot following directions created by a human for another human, and interactively executing commands in the context of surveillance and search and rescue in confined spaces. In an informal study, 71% of the paths computed from directions given by one user terminated within 10 m of the desired destination.
In-Vivo Monitoring for Electrical Expression of Plant Living Parameters by an Impedance Lab System (2019)

We present a complete in-lab system to monitor the plant and its surrounding environment. The plant impedance is directly measured in a continuous manner, while, simultaneously surrounding environment parameters known to affect plant status, are monitored. This is done combining a new in-vivo direct measurement of the plant together with an embedded system using available sensor technology and a designated interface for continuous data acquisition. Furthermore, the next versions this system can be deployed as a field monitoring device, with simple adaptations.
Identification of genetic variants influencing the human plasma proteome (2013)

Genetic variants influencing the transcriptome have been extensively studied. However, the impact of the genetic factors on the human proteome is largely unexplored, mainly due to lack of suitable high-throughput methods. Here we present unique and comprehensive identification of genetic variants affecting the human plasma protein profile by combining high-throughput and high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) with genome-wide SNP data. We identified and quantified the abundance of 1,056 tryptic-digested peptides, representing 163 proteins in the plasma of 1,060 individuals from two population-based cohorts. The abundance level of almost one-fifth (19%) of the peptides was found to be heritable, with heritability ranging from 0.08 to 0.43. The levels of 60 peptides from 25 proteins, 15% of the proteins studied, were influenced by cis-acting SNPs. We identified and replicated individual cis-acting SNPs (combined P value ranging from 3.1 × 10(-52) to 2.9 × 10(-12)) influencing 11 peptides from 5 individual proteins. These SNPs represent both regulatory SNPs and nonsynonymous changes defining well-studied disease alleles such as the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE), which has been shown to increase risk of Alzheimer's disease. Our results show that high-throughput mass spectrometry represents a promising method for large-scale characterization of the human proteome, allowing for both quantification and sequencing of individual proteins. Abundance and peptide composition of a protein plays an important role in the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of a number of diseases. A better understanding of the genetic impact on the plasma proteome is therefore important for evaluating potential biomarkers and therapeutic agents for common diseases.
Macrocyclic coordination chemistry (2008)

This chapter reviews the literature published during 2007 on macrocyclic coordination chemistry. Porphyrin ligands and supramolecular chemistry are not covered in this review as there is insufficient space and adequate coverage elsewhere, although a few examples may be included where particularly relevant. In general, the focus is on the coordination properties and reactivity of the compounds, although some applications will also be discussed, particularly in a brief section at the end of the chapter. Representations of X-ray structures have been included to show interesting coordination geometries, ion encapsulation or ligand orientation.
Multicenter Evaluation of the Precision PCx Plus Glucose Test Strip with TrueMeasure Technology (2004)

University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada; Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO; International Diabetes Center, Minneapolis, MN; Diabetes & Glandular Disease Clinic, San Antonio, TX; Southwest Clinical Research Center, Santa Fe, NM. Editor’s Note: These abstracts were presented at the 20th International Symposium on Critical Care & Point of Care Testing, entitled “The Value of Critical Care and Point of Care Testing: Who Benefits?” Würzburg, Germany. June 9-12, 2004.
Dioxolanone-Anchored Poly(allyl ether)-Based Cross-Linked Dual-Salt Polymer Electrolytes for High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries (2019)

Novel cross-linked polymer electrolytes (XPEs) are synthesized by free-radical copolymerization induced by ultraviolet (UV)-light irradiation of a reactive solution, which is composed of a difunctional poly(ethylene glycol) diallyl ether oligomer (PEGDAE), a monofunctional reactive diluent 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (VEC), and a stock solution containing lithium salt (lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, LiTFSI) in a carbonate-free nonvolatile plasticizer, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDME). The resulting polymer matrix can be represented as a linear polyethylene chain functionalized with cyclic carbonate (dioxolanone) moieties and cross-linked by ethylene oxide units. A series of XPEs are prepared by varying the [O]/[Li] ratio (24 to 3) of the stock solution and thoroughly characterized using physicochemical (thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, NMR, etc.) and electrochemical techniques. In addition, quantum chemical calculations are performed to elucidate the correlation between the electrochemical oxidation potential and the lithium ion-ethylene oxide coordination in the stock solution. Later, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) salt is incorporated into the electrolyte system to produce a dual-salt XPE that exhibits improved electrochemical performance, a stable interface against lithium metal, and enhanced physical and chemical characteristics to be employed against high-voltage cathodes. The XPE membranes demonstrated excellent resistance against lithium dendrite growth even after reversibly plating and stripping lithium ions for more than 1000 h with a total capacity of 0.5 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup>. Finally, the XPE films are assembled in a lab-scale lithium metal battery configuration by using carbon-coated LiFePO<sub>4</sub> (LFP) or LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.15</sub>Al<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCA) as a cathode and galvanostatically cycled at 20, 40, and 60 °C. Remarkably, at 20 °C, the NCA-based lithium metal cells displayed excellent cycling stability and good capacity retention (>50%) even after 1000 cycles.
PLA-PEO-PLA hydrogels from triblock copolymers. (2004)

U378-U378