gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient effectiveness characteristics of cross flow heat exchangers in data center cooling systems (2014)

Heat exchangers are important facilities used in data center cooling systems. The effectiveness of the heat exchangers strongly influences the thermal performance of the cooling systems. Rear door heat exchangers, in-row, overhead coolers and fully contained cabinets are some examples of executing liquid and hybrid cooling systems used in data centers. A liquid to liquid heat exchanger is an important component of the Coolant Distribution Unit (CDU), which supplies chilled water to the heat exchangers mentioned above. Computer Room Air Conditioner (CRAC) units are also typically liquid to air cross flow heat exchangers. It is important to characterize the dynamic behavior of these heat exchangers for the thermal management of data centers, in order to improve the design of control strategies and energy efficiency. In this paper, the transient response of a two dimensional unmixed-unmixed cross flow heat exchanger is investigated. The transient effectiveness concept is used to build the mathematical models which will be used to solve and analyze the transient problems of cross flow heat exchangers. Numerical solutions for solving the mathematical model and capturing the transient effectiveness characteristics are developed. The solution accuracy is tested by comparison with several published analytical and analog solutions. An experimental study of the effectiveness of an IBM rear door heat exchanger is used to develop the heat exchanger models and to verify the effectiveness of the numerical solution at the same time. Several transient cases are investigated numerically for step, ramp and exponential variations in the inlet temperature of the minimum capacity rate fluid. The transient effectiveness characteristics are tested in parametric studies. The results obtained show that transient effectiveness is a useful method in analyzing and predicting the dynamic performance of heat exchangers.
Electrostatic Ion Binding by Synthetic Receptors (2018)

This chapter explores useful parallels between anion and cation receptors. It deals with charge-charge interactions in general and the magnitude of the effects to be expected. The chapter illustrates how electrostatic interactions alone have been exploited for binding of anions. It examines anionic ligands for cation binding in which electrostatic effects act in conjunction with other modes of cation binding. The chapter examines cases where charged ligands are essential components of membrane transport systems. It considers ligands with several charged sites directly adjacent to the crown ether binding site. The chapter is concerned with applications of charged ligands for the extraction and transport of cations that explicitly or implicity exploit the charged nature of the ligand. It also examines the possibilities for controlling the transport cycle from the aqueous phases, by control of the driving force for the cycle. The binding of ionic species by synthetic receptors is always an electrostatic interaction.
The M elbourne Consensus Statement on the early detection of prostate cancer (2013)

Various conflicting guidelines and recommendations about prostate cancer screening and early detection have left both clinicians and their patients quite confused. At the Prostate Cancer World Congress held in Melbourne in August 2013, a multidisciplinary group of the world's leading experts in this area gathered together and generated this set of consensus statements to bring some clarity to this confusion. The five consensus statements provide clear guidance for clinicians counselling their patients about the early detection of prostate cancer.
Evaluation of the key design parameters of liquid crystal tunable lenses for depth-from-focus algorithm (2017)

Liquid crystal (LC) tunable lenses have been extensively studied and used in various applications, however, most of them have been evaluated regardless of their optical imaging quality, in particular, concerning their intrinsic diffuse scattering. In this paper, we investigate the impact of such impairments when LC lenses are used as tunable elements in a depth-from-focus algorithm (DfF). We attempt to analyze these effects in order to design LC lenses that mitigate their impact on the imaging quality. For this purpose, we designed various lenses to evaluate several parameters such as optical, electrical, manufacturing, etc., according to their implementations in a near-pixel DfF architecture.
Myositis-specific antibodies identify a distinct interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features phenotype (2020)

Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) characterises individuals with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and features of connective tissue disease (CTD) who fail to satisfy CTD criteria. Inclusion of myositis-specific antibodies (MSAs) in the IPAF criteria has generated controversy, as these patients also meet proposed criteria for an antisynthetase syndrome. Whether MSAs and myositis-associated antibodies (MAA) identify phenotypically distinct IPAF subgroups remains unclear.A multicentre, retrospective investigation was conducted to assess clinical features and outcomes in patients meeting IPAF criteria stratified by the presence of MSAs and MAAs. IPAF subgroups were compared to cohorts of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-ILD (IIM-ILD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and non-IIM CTD-ILDs. The primary end-point assessed was 3-year transplant-free survival.269 patients met IPAF criteria, including 35 (13%) with MSAs and 65 (24.2%) with MAAs. Survival was highest among patients with IPAF-MSA and closely approximated those with IIM-ILD. Survival did not differ between IPAF-MAA and IPAF without MSA/MAA cohorts. Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) morphology was associated with differential outcome risk, with IPAF patients with non-UIP morphology approximating survival observed in non-IIM CTD-ILDs. MSAs, but not MAAs identified a unique IPAF phenotype characterised by clinical features and outcomes similar to IIM-ILD. UIP morphology was a strong predictor of outcome in others meeting IPAF criteria.Because IPAF is a research classification without clear treatment approach, these findings suggest that MSAs should be removed from the IPAF criteria and such patients should be managed as an IIM-ILD.
A 5GHz class-AB power amplifier in 90nm CMOS with digitally-assisted AM-PM correction (2006)

This paper presents a technique for correcting AM-PM distortion in power amplifiers. The technique uses a varactor as part of a tuned circuit to introduce a phase shift that counteracts the AM-PM distortion of the PA. The varactor is controlled by the amplitude of the IQ baseband data in a feedforward fashion. The technique has been demonstrated in a class-AB CMOS power amplifier designed for WEAN applications and implemented in a 90 nm CMOS process. The PA delivers 10.5 dBm of average power while transmitting at 54 Mbps (64 QAM). The proposed technique is shown to improve the efficiency of the PA by a factor of 2
Line edge roughness reduction by plasma curing photoresists (2005)

Photoresist line edge roughness (LER) has been highlighted to have an adverse impact on device performance whereas post-etch LER is probably the more relevant metric. Post-etch LER can be reduced by migrating to thicker photoresist films or developing etch processes that are accompanied with lower energy ion bombardment. However, the photoresist and etching processes chosen might have desirable attributes and therefore cannot be changed, e.g. large process window or minimal nested-isolated feature etch bias. In this paper, we demonstrate the reduction of LER at the polysilicon gate level by an inexpensive treatment prior to etch. This HBr plasma treatment can be performed in the main etch chamber with minimal impact on wafer throughput. As a result, during the following etch steps, the photoresist mask is more homogeneous from an etch perspective which in turn helps lower the final LER. In addition, results from blanket etch studies on the various photoresist component films are shown. FTIR spectra of unetched and etched films are compared to demonstrate the preferential etching of certain photoresist/polymer components. The large differences observed in the unetched and etched film surface roughness values for certain photoresist components is postulated as an important source of final LER.
Molecular characterization of ebselen binding activity to SARS-CoV-2 main protease (2020)

There is an urgent need to repurpose drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent computational-experimental screenings have identified several existing drugs that could serve as effective inhibitors of the virus' main protease, M<sup>pro</sup>, which is involved in gene expression and replication. Among these, ebselen (2-phenyl-1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one) appears to be particularly promising. Here, we examine, at a molecular level, the potential of ebselen to decrease M<sup>pro</sup> activity. We find that it exhibits a distinct affinity for the catalytic region. Our results reveal a higher-affinity, previously unknown binding site localized between the II and III domains of the protein. A detailed strain analysis indicates that, on such a site, ebselen exerts a pronounced allosteric effect that regulates catalytic site access through surface-loop interactions, thereby inducing a reconfiguration of water hotspots. Together, these findings highlight the promise of ebselen as a repurposed drug against SARS-CoV-2.
DMSP is a potent chemical cue for chemotactic marine microbes (2014)

6th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Chemistry of DMS(P) and related compounds, 26-30 may 2014, Barcelona
Photonic device fabrication inside transparent materials by tailored femtosecond laser processing (2005)

In this paper, we report on the photonic device fabrication inside silica glasses by loosely focused fs laser under the conditions of incident pulsewidth of 150 fs, incident energy of 15 /spl mu/J and effective NA of 0.007 and laser irradiation time of 10 min for each line. Diffraction gratings of 10 /spl mu/m period and waveguide splitters were fabricated by fs laser. We employed a pulsewidth tunable fs laser system based on CPA architecture which we developed and we will discuss optical properties of the fabricated devices.
Ultra-compact and light weight intelligent power semiconductor module for hybrid system (2013)

Recently, hybrid electric vehicles are required high power with high fuel efficiency and comfortable large cabin space. An ultra compact intelligent power module for two-motor hybrid electric vehicles which integrates one back-boost chopper and an inverter for a traction motor, an inverter for a power generator has been developed. The module is the world's first released module which has a direct liquid cooling structure with a solder-joined aluminium heat sink. The module achieves a 30-% reduction of volume and a 60-% reduction of weight compared to our conventional models. A heat sink with high cooling capacity and a high-strength solder were newly developed to establish the structure. The module is designed for 700 V/ 400 kVA system and it has an on-chip self protection functions and serial communication interface with a master control unit.
Double-Stranded RNA–Dependent Protein Kinase Deficiency Protects the Heart From Systolic Overload-Induced Congestive Heart Failure (2014)

PKR is a maladaptive factor upregulated in hemodynamic overload that contributes to myocardial inflammation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and the development of congestive heart failure.
Stereoselection effects in the catalytic hydroamination/cyclization of amino olefins at chiral organolanthanide centers (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselection effects in the catalytic hydroamination/cyclization of amino olefins at chiral organolanthanide centersMichel R. Gagne, Laurent Brard, Vincent P. Conticello, Michael A. Giardello, Charlotte L. Stern, and Tobin J. MarksCite this: Organometallics 1992, 11, 6, 2003–2005Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00042a012https://doi.org/10.1021/om00042a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views820Altmetric-Citations172LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Are Ducks Contributing to the Endemicity of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza Virus in Asia? (2005)

Wild waterfowl are the natural reservoir of all influenza A viruses, and these viruses are usually nonpathogenic in these birds. However, since late 2002, H5N1 outbreaks in Asia have resulted in mortality among waterfowl in recreational parks, domestic flocks, and wild migratory birds. The evolutionary stasis between influenza virus and its natural host may have been disrupted, prompting us to ask whether waterfowl are resistant to H5N1 influenza virus disease and whether they can still act as a reservoir for these viruses. To better understand the biology of H5N1 viruses in ducks and attempt to answer this question, we inoculated juvenile mallards with 23 different H5N1 influenza viruses isolated in Asia between 2003 and 2004. All virus isolates replicated efficiently in inoculated ducks, and 22 were transmitted to susceptible contacts. Viruses replicated to higher levels in the trachea than in the cloaca of both inoculated and contact birds, suggesting that the digestive tract is not the main site of H5N1 influenza virus replication in ducks and that the fecal-oral route may no longer be the main transmission path. The virus isolates' pathogenicities varied from completely nonpathogenic to highly lethal and were positively correlated with tracheal virus titers. Nevertheless, the eight virus isolates that were nonpathogenic in ducks replicated and transmitted efficiently to naïve contacts, suggesting that highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses causing minimal signs of disease in ducks can propagate silently and efficiently among domestic and wild ducks in Asia and that they represent a serious threat to human and veterinary public health.
Stature and mitigation systems affect the risk of leg injury in vehicles attacked under the body by explosive devices (2023)

A finite-element (FE) model, previously validated for underbody blast (UBB) loading, was used here to study the effect of stature and of mitigation systems on injury risk to the leg. A range of potential UBB loadings was simulated. The risk of injury to the leg was calculated when no protection was present, when a combat boot (Meindl Desert Fox) was worn, and when a floor mat (IMPAXX<sup>TM</sup>), which can be laid on the floor of a vehicle, was added. The risk of injury calculated indicates that the floor mat provided a statistically significant reduction in the risk of a major calcaneal injury for peak impact speeds below 17.5 m/s when compared with the scenarios in which the floor mat was not present. The risk of injury to the leg was also calculated for a shorter and a taller stature compared to that of the nominal, 50th percentile male anthropometry; shorter and taller statures were constructed by scaling the length of the tibia of the nominal stature. The results showed that there is a higher risk of leg injury associated with the short stature compared to the nominal and tall statures, whereas the leg-injury risk between nominal and tall statures was statistically similar. These findings provide evidence that the combat boot and the floor mat tested here have an attenuating effect, albeit limited to a range of possible UBB loads. The effect of stature on injury has implications on how vehicle design caters for all potential anthropometries and indeed gender, as women, on average, are shorter than men. The results from the computational simulations here complement laboratory and field experimental models of UBB, and so they contribute to the improvement of UBB safety technology and strategy.
Prognostic impact of combined fludarabine, treosulfan and mitoxantrone resistance profile in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. (2008)

The combined fludarabine, treosulfan and mitoxantrone resistance profile to possibly may be used for better stratification of children with AML or indicate the necessity for additional therapy.
Photothermal refraction as a microbore liquid chromatography detector in femtomole amino acid determination (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotothermal refraction as a microbore liquid chromatography detector in femtomole amino acid determinationThomas G. Nolan, Brian K. Hart, and Norman J. DovichiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 13, 2703–2705Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00290a060RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (441 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
TENDER EVALUATION: QUALITY-PRICE TRADE-OFF METHOD (2001)

In pursuit of increased monetary values, public sector agencies have begun using innovative competitive pricing procedures when tendering. One such method is by evaluating tenders submitted for physical work by what is termed the quality-price trade-off (QPTO) method. In effect, this method uses attributes in addition to price to determine the winning tender. Weighted attribute methods have been used for many years by most agencies for evaluating professional service proposals. However, only recently have these methods begun to be used in the evaluation of tenders for physical work. Two such recent applications are in evaluation of build-operate-transfer projects and long term (10+ years) road maintenance contracts. Given that these types of projects often involve contracts in hundreds of millions of dollars, agencies must formalize the QPTO evaluation procedure and ensure that the methods are rational, defensible, and auditable if they are to be used. The QPTO method of tender evaluation within the context of a multi-attribute probabilistic decision framework is presented.
Prostate MR elastography with transperineal electromagnetic actuation and a fast fractionally encoded steady‐state gradient echo sequence (2014)

Our aim is to develop a clinically viable, fast-acquisition, prostate MR elastography (MRE) system with transperineal excitation. We developed a new actively shielded electromagnetic transducer, designed to enable quick deployment and positioning within the scanner. The shielding of the transducer was optimized using simulations. We also employed a new rapid pulse sequence that encodes the three-dimensional displacement field in the prostate gland using a fractionally encoded steady-state gradient echo sequence, thereby shortening the acquisition time to a clinically acceptable 8-10 min. The methods were tested in two phantoms and seven human subjects (six volunteers and one patient with prostate cancer). The MRE acquisition time for 24 slices, with an isotropic resolution of 2 mm and eight phase offsets, was 8 min, and the total scan, including positioning and set-up, was performed in 15-20 min. The phantom study demonstrated that the transducer does not interfere with the acquisition process and that it generates displacement amplitudes that exceed 100 µm even at frequencies as high as 300 Hz. In the in vivo human study, average wave amplitudes of 30 µm (46 µm at the apex) were routinely achieved within the prostate gland at 70 Hz. No pain or discomfort was reported. Results in a single patient suggest that MRE can identify cancer tumors, although this result is preliminary. The proposed methods allow the integration of prostate MRE with other multiparametric MRI methods. The results of this study clearly motivate the clinical evaluation of transperineal MRE in patients.
Directed Synthesis of 1-Substituted Phenoxazines (1987)

La lithiation de la phenoxazine N-protegee par lithiooxycarbonyl se fait sur le C1; reactions avec divers electrophiles
Preclinical Evaluation of an Anti-Autocrine Growth Factor Monoclonal Antibody for Treatment of Patients With Small-Cell Lung Cancer (1991)

We have evaluated an anti-autocrine growth factor monoclonal antibody for potential use in the treatment of patients with small-cell lung cancer. The monoclonal antibody, designated 2A11, binds to the C-terminal region of the autocrine growth factor gastrin-releasing peptide and neutralizes its growth-promoting effects in vitro and in vivo. Equilibrium-binding analysis demonstrated that the peptide binds to the antibody (dissociation constant = 1.5 x 10(-10) at least as avidly as it binds to the tumor peptide receptor. Pharmacokinetic studies in normal BALB/c mice demonstrated an initial clearance half-life (alpha t1/2) of 24.3 +/- 4 hours and a secondary clearance half-life (beta t1/2) of 1039.6 +/- 309 hours, and biodistribution studies revealed a distribution pattern which generally reflected blood flow. Single intravenous infusions of 2A11 (20 mg/20-25-kg dogs) into normal mongrel dogs with surgically created gastric fistulas antagonized the stimulatory effects of exogenously infused gastrin-releasing peptide or bombesin on plasma gastrin release and gastric acid secretion. Toxicology studies in normal dogs (with gastric fistulas) infused with 50 mg 2A11 intravenously three times a week for 4 weeks failed to reveal any adverse behavioral, clinical, or pathological effects. Four of six dogs developed an immune response to 2A11. Anti-idiotypic antibodies elicited in two cases did not mimic the functional effects of the peptide. We conclude that the concept of immunoblockade of an autocrine growth factor appears feasible in vivo.