gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probing material absorption and optical nonlinearity of integrated photonic materials (2022)

Optical microresonators with high quality (Q) factors are essential to a wide range of integrated photonic devices. Steady efforts have been directed towards increasing microresonator Q factors across a variety of platforms. With success in reducing microfabrication process-related optical loss as a limitation of Q, the ultimate attainable Q, as determined solely by the constituent microresonator material absorption, has come into focus. Here, we report measurements of the material-limited Q factors in several photonic material platforms. High-Q microresonators are fabricated from thin films of SiO<sub>2</sub>, Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, Al<sub>0.2</sub>Ga<sub>0.8</sub>As, and Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. By using cavity-enhanced photothermal spectroscopy, the material-limited Q is determined. The method simultaneously measures the Kerr nonlinearity in each material and reveals how material nonlinearity and ultimate Q vary in a complementary fashion across photonic materials. Besides guiding microresonator design and material development in four material platforms, the results help establish performance limits in future photonic integrated systems.
Microcavities in photonic crystals: Mode symmetry, tunability, and coupling efficiency (1996)

We investigate the properties of resonant modes which arise from the introduction of local defects in two-dimensional (2D) and 3D photonic crystals. We show that the properties of these modes can be controlled by simply changing the nature and size of the defects. We compute the frequency, polarization, symmetry, and field distribution of the resonant modes by solving Maxwell's equations in the frequency domain. The dynamic behavior of the modes is determined by using a finite-difference time-domain method which allows us to compute the coupling efficiency and the losses in the microcavity. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Automatic Gain Control for ADC-Limited Communication (2010)

As the date rates and bandwidths of communication systems scale up, the cost and power consumption of high-precision (e.g., 8-12 bits) analog-to- digital converters (ADCs) become prohibitive. One possible approach to relieve this bottleneck is to redesign communication systems with the starting assumption that the receiver employs ADCs with drastically reduced precision (e.g., 1-4 bits). Encouraging results from information- theoretic analysis in idealized settings prompt a detailed investigation of receiver signal processing algorithms when ADC precision is reduced. In this paper, we investigate the problem of automatic gain control (AGC) for pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) signaling over the AWGN channel, with the goal being to align the ADC thresholds with the maximum likelihood (ML) decision regions. The approach is to apply a variable gain to the ADC input, fixing the ADC thresholds, with the gain being determined by estimating the signal amplitude from the quantized ADC output. We consider a blind approach in which the ML estimate for the signal amplitude is obtained based on the quantized samples corresponding to an unknown symbol sequence. We obtain good performance, in terms of both channel capacity and uncoded bit error rate, at low to moderate SNR, but the performance can actually degrade as SNR increases due to the increased sensitivity of the ML estimator in this regime. However, we demonstrate that the addition of a random Gaussian dither, with power optimized to minimize the normalized mean squared error of the ML estimate, yields performance close to that of ideal AGC over the entire range of SNR of interest.
3D Single Shot Lensless Incoherent Optical Imaging Using Coded Phase Aperture System with Point Response of Scattered Airy Beams (2022)

Abstract Interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH) techniques have been revolutionizing the field of incoherent imaging, offering multidimensional imaging capabilities with a high temporal resolution in a simple optical configuration and at a low cost. The I-COACH method uses optical modulators (OMs) between the object and the image sensor, which encodes the 3D location information of a point into a unique spatial intensity distribution. The system usually requires a one-time calibration procedure in which the point spread functions (PSFs) at different depths and or wavelengths are recorded. When an object is recorded under identical conditions, the multidimensional image of the object is reconstructed by processing the object intensity with the PSFs. In the previous versions of I-COACH, the OM mapped every object point to a scattered intensity distribution or random dot array pattern. In this study, I-COACH has been realized using an OM that maps every object point into a sparse random array of Airy beams. The phase-only mask displayed on the OM was designed by random phase multiplexing of Airy beam generators. The simulation and experimental results obtained for the proposed method are significantly better than the previous versions of I-COACH.
Performance of Five Different Natural Gas and Hydrogen Blending Mixer Designs via CFD (2022)

Abstract The aspiration for blending hydrogen (H2) into natural gas (NG) in gas transmission systems is high and is happening globally. However, the mechanics and details of blending the two streams are not well developed or perfected. There is a need to arrive at the best technique and approach to achieve perfect blending to minimize the potential adverse impact on the operation of downstream facilities as well as on the end-users. The challenge is primarily driven by the fact that NG and H2 have vastly different properties, principally densities, that may lead to possible stratification, short circuiting, and pockets of undesirable high concentration of H2 in the blended stream. The paper documents Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation results conducted on five different concepts of mixer/blending designs. These mixer designs are: i) single or multiple side entries, ii) dual spiral ribbon (DSR) type mixer, iii) venturi mixer, iv) hybrid mixer of DSR inside a venturi, and v) NC5 perforated tube bundle type mixer. An example of an NPS 12 (DN300) ultrasonic meter run with an NPS 20 (DN500) header was assumed throughout the analysis. It was found that the venturi mixing concept with a single side entry is the optimum design due to its simplicity, cost effectiveness, and relatively low pressure drop. With this simple design, 99% mixing efficiency is achieved within 13D at maximum flow, where D is the main header diameter downstream of the mixing station. The pressure drop coefficient for this design is estimated to be approx. 3.1, which amounts to ∼6 kPa at maximum flow, which is relatively low. However, mixing will halt at coefficient of variance = 0.2 (80% mixing efficiency) at very low flow rate of a turndown ratio of 20:1. Final selection of a mixer design from the five designs investigated depends on the tradeoff between mixing efficiency, pressure drop and cost.
Structure of a Monolayer of Hexadecyltrimethylammoniump-Tosylate at the Air−Water Interface (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTStructure of a Monolayer of Hexadecyltrimethylammonium p-Tosylate at the Air−Water InterfaceG. R. Bell, C. D. Bain, Z. X. Li, R. K. Thomas, D. C. Duffy, and J. PenfoldView Author Information Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory Oxford University, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K. Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University Lensfield Rd., Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K. ISIS, CCLRC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K. Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 42, 10227–10228Publication Date (Web):October 22, 1997Publication History Received13 August 1997Published online22 October 1997Published inissue 1 October 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja972842chttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja972842crapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Counterions,Hydrocarbons,Ions,Monolayers,Surfactants Get e-Alerts
Temporary and permanent bonding enables 3D integration of ultrathin wafers (2019)

Rising demand in memory is just one example how 3D integration is still gaining momentum. Not only the form factor but also performance is improved for several 3D integration applications by reducing the wafer thickness. Two competing process flows using thin wafers are to carry out for 3D integration today. Firstly, two wafers can be bonded face-to-face with subsequent thinning without the need to handle a thin wafer. However, some chip designs require a face-to-back stacking of thin wafers, where temporary bonding becomes an inevitable process step. In this case, the challenge of the temporary bonding process is different to traditional stacking on chip level, where usually the wafers are diced after debonding and then stacked on chip level, which means die thicknesses are typically in the range of 50 μm. The goal of wafer level transfer is a massive reduction of the wafer thickness. Therefore temporary and permanent bonding has to be combined to enable stacking on wafer level with very thin wafers. The first step is temporary bonding of the device wafer with the temporary carrier through an adhesive interlayer, followed by thinning and other backside processes. Afterwards the thinned wafer is permanently bonded to the target wafer before debonding from the carrier wafer. This can be repeated several times to be suitable for example a high bandwidth memory, where several layers of DRAM are stacked on top of each other. Another application is the memory integration on processors, or die segmentation processes. The temporary bonding process flow has to be very well controlled in terms of total thickness variations (TTV) of the intermediate adhesive between device and carrier wafer. The requirements for the temporary bonding adhesive include offering sufficient adhesion between device and carrier wafer for the subsequent processes. The choice of the material class for this study is the Brewer Science dual layer material comprising of a curable layer which offers high mechanical stability to enable low TTV during the thinning process and a release layer for mechanical debond process. The release layer must lead to a successful debond but prevent spontaneous debonding during grinding and other processes. Total thickness variation values of the adhesive will be analyzed in dependence of the adhesive layer thickness as this is a key criterion for a successful implementation at the manufactures. Besides the TTV the mechanical stability during grinding will be evaluated by CSAM to make sure no delamination has happened. For feasibility of the total process flow it is important that the mechanical debonding requires less force compared to the separation of the permanent bonded wafers. Other process parameters such as edge trimming of the device wafer as well as edge removal of the mechanical debond release layer are investigated.
A Unified Multi-scale Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Fast Object Detection (2016)

A unified deep neural network, denoted the multi-scale CNN (MS-CNN), is proposed for fast multi-scale object detection. The MS-CNN consists of a proposal sub-network and a detection sub-network. In the proposal sub-network, detection is performed at multiple output layers, so that receptive fields match objects of different scales. These complementary scale-specific detectors are combined to produce a strong multi-scale object detector. The unified network is learned end-to-end, by optimizing a multi-task loss. Feature upsampling by deconvolution is also explored, as an alternative to input upsampling, to reduce the memory and computation costs. State-of-the-art object detection performance, at up to 15 fps, is reported on datasets, such as KITTI and Caltech, containing a substantial number of small objects.
Faraday Cup (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Characterization of 3'→5' exonuclease associated with DNA polymerase of silkworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus (1986)

3'----5' Exonuclease specific for single-stranded DNA copurified with DNA polymerase of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of silkworm Bombyx mori (BmNPV Pol). BmNPV Pol has no detectable 5'----3' exonuclease activity on single-stranded or duplex DNA. Analysis of the products of 3'----5' exonucleolytic reaction showed that deoxynucleoside monophosphates were released during the hydrolysis of single-stranded DNA. The exonuclease activity cosedimented with the polymerase activity during ultracentrifugation of BmNPV Pol in glycerol gradient. The polymerase and the exonuclease activities of BmNPV Pol were inactivated by heat with nearly identical kinetics. The mode of the hydrolysis of single-stranded DNA by BmNPV Pol-associated exonuclease was strictly distributive. The enzyme dissociated from single-stranded DNA after the release of a single dNMP and then reassociated with a next polynucleotide being degradated.
Carboxyl-Terminal Protease RegulatesBrucella suisMorphology in Culture and Persistence in Macrophages and Mice (2005)

The putative carboxyl-terminal processing protease (CtpA) of Brucella suis 1330 is a member of a novel family of endoproteases involved in the maturation of proteins destined for the cell envelope. The B. suis CtpA protein shared up to 77% homology with CtpA proteins of other bacteria. A CtpA-deficient Brucella strain (1330DeltactpA), generated by allelic exchange, produced smaller colonies on enriched agar plates and exhibited a 50% decrease in growth rate in enriched liquid medium and no growth in salt-free enriched medium compared to the wild-type strain 1330 or the ctpA-complemented strain 1330DeltactpA[pBBctpA]. Electron microscopy revealed that in contrast to the native coccobacillus shape of wild-type strain 1330, strain 1330DeltactpA possessed a spherical shape, an increased cell diameter, and cell membranes partially dissociated from the cell envelope. In the J774 mouse macrophage cell line, 24 h after infection, the CFU of the strain 1330DeltactpA declined by approximately 3 log(10) CFU relative to wild-type strain 1330. Nine weeks after intraperitoneal inoculation of BALB/c mice, strain 1330DeltactpA had cleared from spleens but strain 1330 was still present. These observations suggest that the CtpA activity is necessary for the intracellular survival of B. suis. Relative to the saline-injected mice, strain 1330DeltactpA-vaccinated mice exhibited 4 to 5 log(10) CFU of protection against challenge with virulent B. abortus strain 2308 or B. suis strain 1330 but no protection against B. melitensis strain 16 M. This is the first report correlating a CtpA deficiency with cell morphology and attenuation of B. suis.
Abstract 815: New approach for old target: W0101 antibody drug conjugate effectively inhibits tumor growth in preclinical models of IGF-1R overexpressing solid tumors (2018)

Abstract Insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) has been recognized for decades for its role in tumorigenesis and growth1. In addition, overexpression of this receptor has been largely documented in numerous tumor tissues. However, so far, previous therapeutic approaches based on monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors failed to show clinical benefit in the overall patient population2. Here we disclose for the first time a novel IGF-1R targeted Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC), W0101, designed to deliver highly potent cytotoxic drugs selectively to IGF-1R over-expressing tumor cells. The naked antibody for our ADC was selected on the basis of its specific binding properties to IGF-1R compared to insulin receptor (IR), and for its internalization properties. After coupling of a proprietary auristatin derivative to the naked antibody, neither the binding nor the internalization properties of W0101 evaluated by FACS analysis, were modified. Interestingly, the capacity of W0101 to induce cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro in various cell lines and was demonstrated to be independent of effector functions. Mouse efficacy studies with various doses and schedules of administration were conducted in several models expressing different level of IGF-1Rin order to determine their sensitivity to W0101. The sensitivity of W0101 was correlated to the expression level of IGF-1R evaluated by IHC. And in a 3+ MCF-7 breast cancer model, a single injection of W0101 at 3mg/kg led to more than 90% tumor growth inhibition (TGI), associated with a modulation of the IGF-1R expression on the tumor cells (IHC study). The first in-human trial of W0101 is currently on going to address clinical safety. We believe that W0101 will bring a new therapeutic option for patients that overexpress IGF-IR. 1Pollak M. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling in neoplasia. Nat Rev Cancer, 2008,8:915-928. 2Corvaia N, Beck A, Caussanel V, Goetsch L. Insulin-like growth factor receptor type I as a target for cancer therapy. Frontiers in Bioscience, Scholar, 5, 439-450, January 1, 2013 Citation Format: Barbara Akla, Noureddine Loukili, Alain Robert, Charlotte Beau-Larvor, Martine Malissard, Jean-Francois Haeuw, Alain Beck, Michel Perez, Cyrille Dreyfus, Mariya Pavlyuk, Eric Chetaille, Nathalie Corvaia. New approach for old target: W0101 antibody drug conjugate effectively inhibits tumor growth in preclinical models of IGF-1R overexpressing solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 815.
WE‐E‐M100J‐02: Functional Imaging of the Lungs for Treatment Planning (2007)

Delivery of radiotherapy through hypoperfused pulmonary regions for lung cancer treatment has been shown to result in less pulmonary injury in a single prospective trial. This finding suggests a strategy for image‐guided radiotherapy utilizing physiological images in radiotherapy treatment planning for image guidance to avoid the irradiation of highly functional regions and minimize the injury and/or function loss following thoracic radiotherapy. Patients may have inhomogeneous lung function distribution due to tumor invasion of the airway and vascular structures and/or preexisting pulmonary diseases. Imaging studies have found the prevalence of these hypoperfused regions adjacent to the primary tumor from 43 to 74% in non‐small cell lung cancer cases. However, the current thoracic treatment planning practice has been primarily based on using anatomical information from the treatment planning computed tomography (CT). Therefore, the non‐uniform distribution of regional function of normal lung tissue has not been considered in the process of treatment planning. Imaging modalities that have been reported in treatment planning studies to provide image guidance to identify the highly functional regions include single photon emission computed tomography perfusion, hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance ventilation, and 4D CT derived ventilation imaging. No prospective studies demonstrating improvement in outcome using these modalities for functional image‐guided radiotherapy have yet been reported. Strategies to incorporate functional image guidance include identification of highly functional regions by an expert for avoidance, automated segmentation of pulmonary regions with the highest function for avoidance, and optimization of functional metrics including the dose function histogram. This lecture will provide an overview of the physiologic origins of the functional imaging methods, post‐acquisition processing, and strategies to integrated functional imaging into thoracic treatment planning. Educational Objectives: 1. Understand clinical basis for the use of functional imaging for treatment planning. 2. Survey the functional imaging modalities which may be utilized for image‐guidance. 3. Review strategies to integrated functional imaging into thoracic treatment planning.
BGP Prefix Origin Validation (2013)

To help reduce well-known threats against BGP including prefix misannouncing and monkey-in-the-middle attacks, one of the security requirements is the ability to validate the origination Autonomous System (AS) of BGP routes. More specifically, one needs to validate that the AS number claiming to originate an address prefix (as derived from the AS_PATH attribute of the BGP route) is in fact authorized by the prefix holder to do so. This document describes a simple validation mechanism to partially satisfy this requirement.
The Impact of Dipping Velocity Models on Microseismic Event Locations (2012)

Abstract Once a microseism is detected, its source location can relatively easily be identified if the velocity characteristic of the medium traversed by the recorded waveforms is known. Unfortunately, this is rarely the case. Velocity models are used to estimate, with some degree of confidence, microseismic event locations. This work shows how a simple modification to the velocity model, accounting for a 4.5-degree dip supported by geological data, significantly impacts the event final locations during a borehole-based hydraulic fracturing monitoring job. Overall geometry of the hydraulically-induced fracture system interpreted (e.g. height) is the most affected. For instance, when a preliminary event location is selected without introducing the observed structural component of the beds, these measurements could change by as much as fifty percent. For the reservoir engineer, sometimes unaware of the assumptions made at the microseismic processing level, these differences could imply major changes to the field development plans. These results underscore the importance of integrating all available data and implementing well known quality controls before using microseismic monitoring data for reservoir analysis.
Bragg Gratings written in Un-doped Fluoride Glass Fibres Using Ultrafast 800nm Radiation (2006)

We report for the first time Fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) written in un-doped fluoride fibres. The gratings were written using femtosecond IR radiation from a Ti: Sapphire laser amplifier and the phase mask method.