gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phorbol myristate acetate and in vitro T lymphocyte function. II. Influence of PMA and supernatants from PMA-treated P388D1 cells on the proliferation of cloned T cells. (1983)

Neither the culture supernatants from P388D1 cells pulsed with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), nor PMA itself in concentrations ranging from 10(-6) M to 10(-9) M, are directly mitogenic for murine T lymphocyte clones, yet both markedly augment the antigen-driven proliferation of many, but not all, cloned T lymphocytes. The component of PMA-induced P388D1 supernatant responsible for its co-mitogenic activity is probably PMA, rather than interleukin 1. For responsive clones, the co-mitogenic effect of PMA requires stimulator cells that display the specific allogeneic determinants recognized by the clones. This response persists after T cells are removed from the stimulating population, ruling out induction of mitogenic lymphokines from stimulator T cells by PMA as a primary mechanism for augmentation of clonal proliferation. Both splenocytes and thymocytes cooperate with PMA for enhanced clonal expansion, but heat treatment (45 degrees C, 45 min) of thymocytes destroys their cooperative capacity. PMA can also potentiate the lymphokine-driven proliferation of cloned T cells, indicating that PMA can, under certain conditions, influence T cell clonal expansion by a direct action on T lymphocytes.
Supplementary Table 4 from Evaluation and Clinical Analyses of Downstream Targets of the Akt Inhibitor GDC-0068 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 161K, Tumor PIK3CA and PTEN status&lt;/p&gt;
Component allocation with multiple resource constraints for large embedded real-time software design (2004)

Allocating software components while meeting multiple platform resource constraints is crucial for model-based design of large embedded real-time software and automatic design model transformation. In this paper, we propose a new method for component allocation using an informed branch-and-bound and forward checking mechanism subject to a combination of resource constraints. We have implemented this method in the automatic integration of reusable embedded software (AIRES) toolkit - which has been developed under the DARPA MoBIES Program - and applied it to an automotive electronic throttle control (ETC) system. Our evaluation based on randomly-generated design models has shown that the proposed method scales well for large and complex embedded real-time software.
Chemistry of Mood and Emotion (1980)

A revolution in the science of emotion has emerged in recent decades, with the potential to create a paradigm shift in decision theories. The research reveals that emotions constitute potent, pervasive, predictable, sometimes harmful and sometimes ...Read More
Novel silicon-containing polymers as photoresist materials for EUV lithography (2003)

Performance requirements for EUV resists may require the development of entirely new polymer platforms. In the first approach, we have synthesized norbornene-based copolymers using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Silicon containing norbornenes were synthesized and copolymerized with a series of monomers having acid sensitive and polar groups, including nitrile, carboxylic acid, hydroxyl, and anhydride functions to achieve random copolymers with suitable properties to be applied as resist materials. Using well-characterized metal alkylidene complexes, we could prepared polymers having controlled molecular weights and low polydispersities. From initial exposure studies using an EUV interferometer, we were able to pattern 150 nm pitchs without additional optimization. In the second approach, polysilane has been copolymerized with acid sensitive monomers (acrylate and styrene derivatives) to produced chemically amplified polysilane-copolymers.
[Drug-induced obesity]. (1986)

Weight gain is a common, but often overlooked side effect to many widely used drugs. In susceptible individuals the weight gain may result in clinically significant obesity and associated comorbidities. Both tricyclic antidepressant medications and antipsychotic compounds are those prominently cited for producing persistent and problematic body weight gain in many treated patients and have a serious impact on medication compliance to an otherwisebeneficial treatment.Furthermore,weight gain is often seen as an improvement of the psychiatric disease and therefore not recognized before the initial body weight is exceeded by several kilos. The mechanisms behind the weight gain are poorly understood.Many of these drugs interfere with central appetite-regulating neurotransmitters and may also produce sedative and anticholinergic effects, ultimately contributing to changes in energy expenditure. The incidence of weight gain during acute and chronic treatment with different classes of frequently prescribed drugs will be reviewed (Table 19.1), as will the possiblemechanisms by which such drugs alter energy intake and expenditure, contributing to drug-induced weight gain (Table 19.2). Newer, effectivemedication classes, without the side effect of weight gain will also be discussed. ANTIDEPRESSANT MEDICATIONS
47 INEFFICACY OF ACETYLCHOLINE FOR INDUCTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN RABBITS. (2006)

<h3></h3> Previous studies have demonstrated that acetylcholine (ACh) and gentle trauma to the atrium induce episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF) lasting 4 to 5 minutes in pigs and canines. Our current study investigated whether this method could be used in rabbits. The left atria of three 4 kg New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were exposed via a left thoracotomy. Direct application of a 1:100 ACh solution [Miochol-E] accompanied with gentle stroking of the tissue was used in an attempt to produce AF. Direct observation of the atrial surface and an electrocardiogram were used to monitor heart rhythm. We were unable to induce episodes of AF in any of the animals despite numerous attempts with varying amounts of ACh. Bradycardia was eventually observed in each animal, in conjunction with premature ventricular contractions. After approximately 25 minutes of exposure to the ACh, all three animals displayed visual evidence of ischemia of the left atrium and ventricle. The probable explanation for the inability to induce AF in this small-sized animal species is a lack of critical mass of atrial tissue to support such an arrhythmia. However, different arrays of cholinergic receptors do exist between various species, which might provide an alternate explanation. The balance of ACh receptors in the rabbit simply may not be as propitious for this purpose. The ischemia noted during our experiments may be related to the relatively large dose of ACh in relation to the relatively small coronary artery mass in the rabbit. In a number of species, including humans, ACh is a recognized inducer of coronary artery spasm.
Abstract SY35-01: Clonal evolution of pre-leukemic hematopoietic stem cells precedes human acute myeloid leukemia (2012)

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy of hematopoietic progenitors with poor clinical outcomes. Despite the power of next-generation genome sequencing to describe AML genomes and to identify recurrent mutations, our fundamental understanding of both the genomics of leukemogenesis and the genetic heterogeneity within the precursor cells is incomplete. Founding mutations in the majority of AML cases are largely unknown because pre-leukemic cells are clinically silent and are outcompeted by their malignant descendants. Our limited knowledge of founding mutations comes from infrequent cases of AML arising secondary to antecedent clonal bone marrow disorders or rare instances of inherited syndromes, but this does not include the large majority of de novo AML cases. Recently, advances in AML stem cell biology have enabled the prospective separation of residual hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from AML cells. We previously showed that residual HSC contain clonal antecedents of AML in patients in long-term remission post-therapy, and have proposed a model in which serial acquisition of mutations occurs in self-renewing HSC. Here, we investigated this model and the nature of founder mutations through the genomic analysis of de novo AML and patient-matched residual HSC. Using exome sequencing, we defined mutations present in individual AML genomes from cases harboring the FLT3-ITD mutation, and screened for these mutations in the residual HSC. We identified several mutations present in residual HSC retaining normal multilineage differentiation in vivo, including mutations in NPM1, TET2, and SMC1A, a newly identified recurrently mutated gene in AML. Finally, through single cell analysis, we determined that as we hypothesized, a clonal progression of multiple mutations occurs in HSC. These pre-leukemic HSC reveal the clonal evolution of AML genomes from founder mutations, suggest a potential mechanism contributing to relapse, and constitute a cellular reservoir that may need to be targeted for more durable remissions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY35-01. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY35-01
Protocols for Characterization of Cdk5 Kinase Activity (2021)

Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are generally known to be involved in controlling the cell cycle, but Cdk5 is a unique member of this protein family for being most active in post-mitotic neurons. Cdk5 is developmentally important in regulating neuronal migration, neurite outgrowth, and axon guidance. Cdk5 is enriched in synaptic membranes and is known to modulate synaptic activity. Postnatally, Cdk5 can also affect neuronal processes such as dopaminergic signaling and pain sensitivity. Dysregulated Cdk5, in contrast, has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite primarily being implicated in neuronal development and activity, Cdk5 has lately been linked to non-neuronal functions including cancer cell growth, immune responses, and diabetes. Since Cdk5 activity is tightly regulated, a method for measuring its kinase activity is needed to fully understand the precise role of Cdk5 in developmental and disease processes. This article includes methods for detecting Cdk5 kinase activity in cultured cells or tissues, identifying new substrates, and screening for new kinase inhibitors. Furthermore, since Cdk5 shares homology and substrate specificity with Cdk1 and Cdk2, the Cdk5 kinase assay can be used, with modification, to measure the activity of other Cdks as well. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. Basic Protocol 1: Measuring Cdk5 activity from protein lysates Support Protocol 1: Immunoprecipitation of Cdk5 using Dynabeads Alternate Protocol: Non-radioactive protocols to measure Cdk5 kinase activity Support Protocol 2: Western blot analysis for the detection of Cdk5, p35, and p39 Support Protocol 3: Immunodetection analysis for Cdk5, p35, and p39 Support Protocol 4: Genetically engineered mice (+ and - controls) Basic Protocol 2: Identifying new Cdk5 substrates and kinase inhibitors.
Emerging Trends in Micro- and Nanoscale Technologies in Medicine: From Basic Discoveries to Translation (2017)

We discuss the state of the art and innovative micro- and nanoscale technologies that are finding niches and opening up new opportunities in medicine, particularly in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We take the design of point-of-care applications and the capture of circulating tumor cells as illustrative examples of the integration of micro- and nanotechnologies into solutions of diagnostic challenges. We describe several novel nanotechnologies that enable imaging cellular structures and molecular events. In therapeutics, we describe the utilization of micro- and nanotechnologies in applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and pharmaceutical development/testing. In addition, we discuss relevant challenges that micro- and nanotechnologies face in achieving cost-effective and widespread clinical implementation as well as forecasted applications of micro- and nanotechnologies in medicine.
Interference Networks with Caches at Both Ends (2017)

A $K_T \times K_R$ cache-aided wireless interference network, in which both the transmitters and the receivers are equipped with cache memories is studied. Each user requests one file from a library of $N$ popular files. The goal is to design the cache contents without the knowledge of the particular user demands, such that all possible demand combinations can be satisfied reliably over the interference channel. The achievable sum degrees-of-freedom ($\mathrm{sDoF}$) and the normalized delivery time (NDT) are studied for centralized and decentralized network architectures, respectively. First, using a combination of interference alignment (IA), zero-forcing (ZF) and interference cancellation (IC) techniques, a novel caching and transmission scheme for centralized networks is introduced, and it is shown to improve the $\mathrm{sDoF}$ upon the state-of-the-art. Then, the NDT is studied when the content placement at the receiver caches is carried out in a decentralized manner. Our results indicate that, for this particular network architecture, caches located at the receiver side are more effective than those at the transmitter side in order to reduce the NDT.
A Subset of Patients With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion Is Deficient in Transforming Growth Factor β‐2‐Producing “Suppressor Cells” in Uterine Tissue Near the Placental Attachment Site (1995)

Suppressor cell deficiency is compatible with a role for rejection and/or trophoblast failure in some patients with recurrent miscarriage. Presence of suppressor cells in most patients with missed abortion (4/5) is compatible with an alternative cause of fetal death, similar to findings reported in genetic fetal death mice.
Recent Challenges in Compact Modeling of Short-Channel Effect for Leading-Edge Types of MOSFETs (2018)

The short-channel effect (SCE) of different MOSFET types is studied. The investigation considers power MOSFETs, which are integrated on a chip together with the advanced circuit elements. Different geometry modifications of the drain extension to sustain the high voltage (HV) are studied. It is demonstrated that an optimization of the device structure is possible by considering the two dimensional extension to achieve high breakdown voltage. However, the 2D structural extension induces stronger SCE at the same time. Modeling of the SCE, for the structural variations, is proposed in a compact form applicable for circuit simulation enabling circuit optimization. The developed model has been implemented into the HiSIM model and verified for accuracy and predictability.
miR-27a and miR-27a* contribute to metastatic properties of osteosarcoma cells (2015)

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in adolescents and young adults. The essential mechanisms underlying osteosarcomagenesis and progression continue to be obscure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have far-reaching effects on the cellular biology of development and cancer. We recently reported that unique miRNA signatures associate with the pathogenesis and progression of OS. Of particular interest, we found that higher expression of miR-27a is associated with clinical metastatic disease. We report here that overexpression of miR-27a/miR-27a*, a microRNA pair derived from a single precursor, promotes pulmonary OS metastases formation. By contrast, sequestering miR-27a/miR-27a* by sponge technology suppressed OS cells invasion and metastases formation. miR-27a/miR-27a* directly repressed CBFA2T3 expression among other target genes. We demonstrated that CBFA2T3 is downregulated in majority of OS samples and its over expression significantly attenuated OS metastatic process mediated by miR-27a/miR-27a* underscoring CBFA2T3 functions as a tumor suppressor in OS. These findings establish that miR-27a/miR-27a* pair plays a significant role in OS metastasis and proposes it as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in managing OS metastases.
Nucleoside Analogue Triphosphates Allosterically Regulate Human Ribonucleotide Reductase and Identify Chemical Determinants That Drive Substrate Specificity (2016)

Class I ribonucleotide reductase (RR) maintains balanced pools of deoxyribonucleotide substrates for DNA replication by converting ribonucleoside diphosphates (NDPs) to 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates (dNDPs). Binding of deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) effectors (ATP/dATP, dGTP, and dTTP) modulates the specificity of class I RR for CDP, UDP, ADP, and GDP substrates. Crystal structures of bacterial and eukaryotic RRs show that dNTP effectors and NDP substrates bind on either side of a flexible nine-amino acid loop (loop 2). Interactions with the effector nucleobase alter loop 2 geometry, resulting in changes in specificity among the four NDP substrates of RR. However, the functional groups proposed to drive specificity remain untested. Here, we use deoxynucleoside analogue triphosphates to determine the nucleobase functional groups that drive human RR (hRR) specificity. The results demonstrate that the 5-methyl, O4, and N3 groups of dTTP contribute to specificity for GDP. The O6 and protonated N1 of dGTP direct specificity for ADP. In contrast, the unprotonated N1 of adenosine is the primary determinant of ATP/dATP-directed specificity for CDP. Structural models from X-ray crystallography of eukaryotic RR suggest that the side chain of D287 in loop 2 is involved in binding of dGTP and dTTP, but not dATP/ATP. This feature is consistent with experimental results showing that a D287A mutant of hRR is deficient in allosteric regulation by dGTP and dTTP, but not ATP/dATP. Together, these data define the effector functional groups that are the drivers of human RR specificity and provide constraints for evaluating models of allosteric regulation.
Probing Heavy Majorana Neutrinos and the Weinberg Operator through Vector Boson Fusion Processes in Proton-Proton Collisions at s=13  TeV (2023)

The first search exploiting the vector boson fusion process to probe heavy Majorana neutrinos and the Weinberg operator at the LHC is presented. The search is performed in the same-sign dimuon final state using a proton-proton collision dataset recorded at sqrt[s]=13 TeV, collected with the CMS detector and corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 138 fb^{-1}. The results are found to agree with the predictions of the standard model. For heavy Majorana neutrinos, constraints on the squared mixing element between the muon and the heavy neutrino are derived in the heavy neutrino mass range 50 GeV-25 TeV; for masses above 650 GeV these are the most stringent constraints from searches at the LHC to date. A first test of the Weinberg operator at colliders provides an observed upper limit at 95% confidence level on the effective μμ Majorana neutrino mass of 10.8 GeV.
Pilotless adaptation of feedforward amplifiers driven by high-stress signals (2002)

A statistical analysis of a feedforward amplifier driven by a high-stress CDMA signal reveals phenomena that are not noticeable when it is driven by the ideal two-tone signal mostly used in previous studies. As a consequence, the traditional methods of adapting the signal cancellation loop yield sub-optimal linearization performance, hence sub-optimal power efficiency for a given linearity. Practical implementation of a previously proposed optimal method is shown to require the complex gain stabilization (CGS) method of adapting the error cancellation loop.
Pathogenic implications of interleukin-8 activity and bacterial phenotype in antral gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori. (2000)

In patients with H. pylori infection, IL-8 levels are higher than in Hp-negative patients regardless of Hp phenotype. There is an association between IL-8 and a neutrophilic infiltrate. Perpetuation of a chronic infiltrate could lead to more severe lesions such as atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia, as deduced from the IL-8 levels found in these types of lesion.
Le projet RESHAPE : connecter les approches évolutives et historiques en santé humaine (2022)

La connaissance de l’histoire des populations humaines et des forces évolutives constitue un facteur clef pour mieux comprendre, traiter et prévenir les maladies d’aujourd’hui. Réciproquement, l’étude des maladies actuelles permet d’éclairer notre compréhension de l’histoire évolutive de l’espèce humaine. De ces constats a émergé, à la fin du siècle dernier, le champ de recherche de l’“evolutionary medicine” qui, ces 10 dernières années, s’est rapidement structuré à l’échelle internationale à...
ANN-Based Optical Performance Monitoring of QPSK Signals Using Parameters Derived From Balanced-Detected Asynchronous Diagrams (2010)

We demonstrate a technique of using artificial neural networks trained with parameters derived from asynchronous diagrams for optical performance monitoring of quadrature phase-shift-keying (QPSK) data signals. We show that asynchronous diagrams generated from balanced detection give superior results compared to single-ended detection in a 100 Gb/s QPSK system. Experimental demonstration verifies the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Variation for heterodimerization and nuclear localization among known and novel oil palm SHELL alleles (2019)

Oil palm breeding involves crossing dura and pisifera palms to produce tenera progeny with greatly improved oil yield. Oil yield is controlled by variant alleles of a type II MADS-box gene, SHELL, that impact the presence and thickness of the endocarp, or shell, surrounding the fruit kernel. We identified six novel SHELL alleles in noncommercial African germplasm populations from the Malaysian Palm Oil Board. These populations provide extensive diversity to harness genetic, mechanistic and phenotypic variation associated with oil yield in a globally critical crop. We investigated phenotypes in heteroallelic combinations, as well as SHELL heterodimerization and subcellular localization by yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and gene expression analyses. Four novel SHELL alleles were associated with fruit form phenotype. Candidate heterodimerization partners were identified, and interactions with EgSEP3 and subcellular localization were SHELL allele-specific. Our findings reveal allele-specific mechanisms by which variant SHELL alleles impact yield, as well as speculative insights into the potential role of SHELL in single-gene oil yield heterosis. Future field trials for combinability and introgression may further optimize yield and improve sustainability.
Supplementary Table S2 from A very long-acting exatecan and its synergism with DNA damage response inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Pharmacokinetic parameters of 3A after 40 μmol/kg IP administration in mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Technology mapping for lower power (1993)

The last couple of years have seen the addition of a new dimension in the evaluation of circuit quality -its power requirements.
Tactical-grade interferometric fiber optic gyroscope driven with a narrow-linewidth laser (2011)

We report for the first time a tactical-grade fiber optic gyroscope interrogated with a laser instead of a broadband source. The measured bias drift is 2.5 &deg;/h and the random walk 0.016 &deg;/&radic; h. This random walk is lower than when the same gyroscope is interrogated with a broadband source, while the drift is only ~3 times higher. This significant development was enabled by an appropriate choice of laser linewidth to mitigate backscattering effects, and careful control of spurious reflections. The benefits of using a laser include a much higher scale factor stability, lower power consumption, and lower component cost.