gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of beam-tilt angle calibration method for CD-SEM (2005)

An image processing technique for estimating the incidence angle of an electron beam (beam-tilt angle) of a critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) has been developed. The estimation and correction of the error of the beam-tilt angle are indispensable for high precision measurement of CD and/or three-dimensional profiles of semi-conductor device patterns. In this technique, a pyramidal-shaped crystal sample made by anisotropic etching is used for calibration. From the top-down and tilted views of the sample, x and y directional beam-tilt angles relative to the top-down view are estimated simultaneously, with the geometrical variations of the pyramid ridge lines detected by image processing. Exact positioning of the sample is not required because the inclination and rotation of the sample towards the wafer surface are estimated separately from the beam-tilt angles. Evaluation of 40 sample images, including 4 directional tilt angles, indicated that deviations of the estimated x and y beam-tilt angles were 0.13 and 0.12 degree respectively (3 sigma). It will also be shown that the technique is robust against characteristic SEM image distortion and low S/N. This technique has achieved high precision and quantitative estimation for the beam-tilt angles, and will provide a method for high precision measurement of CD and three-dimensional profile for semi-conductor process monitoring and control in the future.
Probability of error analysis of BPSK OFDM systems with random residual frequency offset (2009)

In this paper, we derive closed form bit error rate (BER) expressions for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with residual carrier frequency offset (CFO). Most of the published work treats CFO as a nonrandom parameter. But in our study we consider it as a random parameter. The BER performance of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) OFDM system is analyzed in the cases of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), frequency-flat and frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels.We further discuss how these expressions can be related to systems with practical estimators. The simulation results are provided to verify the accuracy of these error rate expressions.
Supplemental Table S2 from Safety and Efficacy of Intratumoral Injections of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S2. Comprehensive list of all adverse events based on CTCAE v4.0 grading from Day -2 (IT injection) to Day +25.&lt;/p&gt;
8-bit Precision In-Memory Multiplication with Projected Phase-Change Memory (2018)

In-memory computing is an emerging non-von Neumann approach in which certain computational tasks such as matrix-vector multiplication are performed using resistive memory devices organized in a crossbar array. However, the conductance variations associated with the memory devices limit the precision of this computation. Here, we demonstrate that the so-called projected phase-change memory (Proj-PCM) devices can achieve 8-bit precision while performing scalar multiplication. The devices were fabricated and characterized using electrical measurements and STEM investigation. They are found to be remarkably immune to conductance variations arising from structural relaxation, 1/f noise and temperature variations. Moreover, it is possible to compensate for the temperature-dependent conductance variations in a crossbar array using a simple model. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate a neural network-based image classification task involving 30 such Proj-PCM devices.
Oxidative stress and nitric oxide deficiency in the kidney: a critical link to hypertension? (2005)

There is growing evidence that oxidative stress contributes to hypertension. Oxidative stress can precede the development of hypertension. In almost all models of hypertension, there is oxidative stress that, if corrected, lowers BP, whereas creation of oxidative stress in normal animals can cause hypertension. There is overexpression of the p22(phox) and Nox-1 components of NADPH oxidase and reduced expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) in the kidneys of ANG II-infused rodents, whereas there is overexpression of p47(phox) and gp91(phox) and reduced expression of intracellular SOD with salt loading. Several mechanisms have been identified that can make oxidative stress self-sustaining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can enhance afferent arteriolar tone and reactivity both indirectly via potentiation of tubuloglomerular feedback and directly by microvascular mechanisms that diminish endothelium-derived relaxation factor/nitric oxide responses, generate a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent endothelial-derived contracting factor that activates thromboxane-prostanoid receptors, and enhance vascular smooth muscle cells reactivity. ROS can diminish the efficiency with which the kidney uses O(2) for Na(+) transport and thereby diminish the P(O(2)) within the kidney cortex. This may place a break on further ROS generation yet could further enhance vasculopathy and hypertension. There is a tight relationship between oxidative stress in the kidney and the development and maintenance of hypertension.
3-D FLASH Imaging Using a Single Surface Coil and a New Adiabatic Pulse, BIR-4 (1990)

A new adiabatic pulse, which can induce uniform and arbitrary flip angles despite the presence of transmitter coil magnetic field (B1) inhomogeneities, is employed for 3-D fast imaging using a single surface coil for pulse transmission and signal detection. Computer calculations and phantom, rat, and human surface coil imaging experiments demonstrate the utility of this adiabatic pulse for T1-weighted imaging with a transmitter coil which generates a highly-inhomogeneous B1 field profile.
Supplementary Figure 1 from MYC-Driven Tumorigenesis Is Inhibited by WRN Syndrome Gene Deficiency (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 112K&lt;/p&gt;
Texture analysis of damascene-fabricated Cu lines by x-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction and its impact on electromigration performance (1999)

The texture of electroplated Cu lines of 0.375, 0.5 and 1.5 μm widths with Ta and TiN barrier layers was analyzed using x-ray pole figure and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques. Both techniques indicate a strong (111) fiber texture relative to the bottom surface of the trench for samples with a Ta barrier layer and a 400 °C, 30 min, postelectroplating anneal. Samples with a TiN barrier and no anneal exhibit a weak (111) texture. For both barrier layers the quality of the texture, as measured by (111) peak intensity, fraction of randomly oriented grains and (111) peak width, degrades with decreasing linewidth. EBSD data also indicate (111) texture relative to the sidewalls of the trench in samples with a Ta barrier and postelectroplating anneal. Electromigration tests at 300 °C of 0.36 μm damascene Cu lines with the same process conditions show that samples with very weak (111) texture have median time to failures that exceed those of the strongly textured Cu lines. These results indicate that diffusion at interfaces, such as the Cu/barrier and Cu/overlayer interfaces, along with diffusion along an electroplating seam play more dominant roles in electromigration failure in damascene-fabricated lines than diffusion along grain boundaries within the interconnect.
Endo- and ectocervical human uterine epithelial cells distinguished by fibronectin production and keratinization in culture. (1982)

Human ecto- and endocervical uterine epithelia grow in culture as stratifying and nonstratifying cell layers, patterns reflecting the differentiation of the corresponding cells in vivo. We found that both cultures synthesized and secreted fibronectin but very little other known glycoproteins of basal laminae, laminin, and type IV collagen. Fibronectin production was observed only in the lining marginal cells of the expanding periphery of ectocervical islands, but differentiating and keratinizing cells had loss fibronectin. Most cells in endocervical epithelial cultures grew as a monolayer and produced fibronectin. After stratification of the ectocervical cells, the cytokeratin polypeptide pattern switched to the large-molecular-weight type. In endocervical cultures, the low-molecular-weight keratin polypeptides persisted. Fibronectin production thus appears to be linked to the state of differentiation of the epithelial cells, and fibronectin may function in the attachment of the basal cells to underlying basal lamina matrix.
Analyzing progression of motor and speech impairment in ALS (2019)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disease which causes death of neurons controlling voluntary muscles. It is currently assessed with subjective clinical measurements, but it would benefit from alternative surrogate biomarkers that can better estimate disease progression. This work analyzes speech and fine motor coordination of subjects recruited by the Answer ALS foundation using data from a mobile app. In addition, clinical variables such as speech, writing and total ALSFRS-R scores are also acquired along with forced and slow vital capacity. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed using speech and fine motor features. Results show that both types of features are useful to infer clinical variables especially for males (R<sup>2</sup>=0.79 for ALSFRS-R total score), but their initial values are not helpful to predict speech and motor decline. However, we found that longitudinal progression for bulbar and spinal ALS onset are different and they can be identified with high accuracy by the extracted features.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON O‐BENZYLIDEN‐ZUCKERN MIT N‐BROM‐SUCCINIMID 7. MITT. STEREOCHEMISCHE UND MECHANISTISCHE ASPEKTE IN DER PYRIMIDIN‐NUCLEOSID‐REIHE (1972)

Abstract Die in vorstehendem Referat beschriebenen Reaktionen werden hinsichtlich der stereochemischen Zuordnungen und des Mechanismus anhand chemischer Korrelationen und unter Verwendung von Literaturergebnissen untersucht.
Molecular analysis of syndromic congenital heart disease using short tandem repeat markers and semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction method (2002)

This results supports that the specific regions in 22q11.2 are susceptible to rearrangement and the deletions might be the genetic etiology of these syndromes. Most important of all, the new method, semiquantitative fluorescent PCR, is an effective method for detecting chromosomal microdeletions and has the following features: (i) the cost is inexpensive; (ii) the testing time is short; and (iii) the result is accurate.
The Internet of Bodies: A Systematic Survey on Propagation Characterization and Channel Modeling (2020)

&lt;div&gt;The Internet of Bodies (IoB) is an imminent extension to the vast Internet of things domain, where interconnected devices (e.g., worn, implanted, embedded, swallowed, etc.) located in-on-and-around the human body form a network. Thus, the IoB can enable a myriad of services and applications for a wide range of sectors, including medicine, safety, security, wellness, entertainment, to name but a few. Especially considering the recent health and economic crisis caused by novel coronavirus pandemic, a.k.a. COVID-19, the IoB can revolutionize today's public health and safety infrastructure. Nonetheless, reaping the full benefit of IoB is still subject to addressing related risks, concerns, and challenges. Hence, this survey first outlines the IoB requirements and related communication and networking standards. Considering the lossy and heterogeneous dielectric properties of the human body, one of the major technical challenges is characterizing the behavior of the communication links in-on-and-around the human body. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic survey of channel modeling issues for various link types of human body communication (HBC) channels below 100 MHz, the narrowband (NB) channels between 400 MHz and 2.5 GHz, and ultra-wideband (UWB) channels from 3 to 10 GHz. After explaining bio-electromagnetics attributes of the human body, physical and numerical body phantoms are presented along with electromagnetic propagation tool models. Then, the first-order (i.e., path loss, shadowing, multipath fading) and the second-order (i.e., delay spread, power delay profile, average fade duration, level crossing rate, etc.) channel statistics for NB and UWB channels are covered with a special emphasis on body posture, mobility, and antenna effects. For the HBC channels, three different coupling methods are considered: capacitive, galvanic, and magnetic. Based on these coupling methods, four different channel modeling methods (i.e., analytical, numerical, circuit, and empirical) are investigated, and electrode effects are discussed. Lastly, interested readers are provided with open research challenges and potential future research directions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: MACROCYCLIC BIPYRIDINES FOR ALKYLTIN TRICHLORIDE DEACTIVATION (1985)

Abstract Durch Grignard‐ Reaktion der Bromverbindung (I) mit dem Dibrom‐bis‐pyridin (II) entsteht das Kondensationsprodukt (IIIa), dessen Benzylether mit HBr zum Benzylbromid (IIIb) ge‐ 147 spalten werden kann.
Joining Dissimilar Materials by Magnetic Pulse Welding (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this study, a proposed new 3-in-1 process using the magnetic pulse welding (MPW) for welding similar and dissimilar metals and for hybrid joining between FRC and metals is developed. Welding between (a) AA1199 sheets and XES, (b) AA1199 and XSG which is zinc coated steel, (c) 5754-aluminum alloy and XES were performed and (d) hybrid joint between PA66-glass-FRC and 5754-aluminum was achieved. SEM observations and EDX analysis for the weld interface between aluminum and steel showed where detectable very thin layers of intermetallics and the wavy interface pattern typical for impact welding was identified. X-Ray microtomography observation for the joining region in the FRC showed the good state of the composite structure after joining. 3D numerical simulation using LS-Dyna was used for the selection of the welding parameters. Quasi-static lap shear testing for the welds revealed a failure in the weak metal sheet and not in the weld.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Natural Notation for the Domestic Internet of Things (2015)

This study explores the use of natural language to give instructions that might be interpreted by Internet of Things (IoT) devices in a domestic `smart home' environment. We start from the proposition that reminders can be considered as a type of end-user programming, in which the executed actions might be performed either by an automated agent or by the author of the reminder. We conducted an experiment in which people wrote sticky notes specifying future actions in their home. In different conditions, these notes were addressed to themselves, to others, or to a computer agent.We analyse the linguistic features and strategies that are used to achieve these tasks, including the use of graphical resources as an informal visual language. The findings provide a basis for design guidance related to end-user development for the Internet of Things.
Excited state absorption of Sm sup 2+ in SrF sub 2 (1988)

The precise role of Cbl in epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) endocytosis and trafficking remains to be fully uncovered. Here, we showed that mutant EGFR1044, which was truncated after residue 1044, did not associate with c-Cbl and was not ubiquitinated initially in response to EGF but was internalized with kinetics similar to those of wild-type EGFR. This finding indicates that c-Cbl-mediated ubiquitination is not required for EGF-induced EGFR endocytosis. We also showed that the previously identified internalization-deficient mutant receptor EGFR1010LL/AA bound to c-Cbl and was fully ubiquitinated in response to EGF, which indicates that c-Cbl binding and ubiquitination are not sufficient for EGFR internalization. We next investigated EGFR trafficking following EGFR internalization. We found that c-Cbl disassociation from EGFR occurred well in advance of EGFR degradation and that this event was concurrent with the selective dephosphorylation of EGFR at Y1045. This finding suggests that once EGFR is ubiquitinated, continual Cbl association is not required for EGFR degradation. Because EGFR1044 is ubiquitinated and degraded similarly to wild-type EGFR, we examined the role of another prominent Cbl homologue, Cbl-b, and found that Cbl-b was associated with both EGFR and EGFR1044. Further study showed that Cbl-b bound to EGFR at two regions: one in the C-terminal direction from residue 1044 and one in the N-terminal direction from residue 958. Moreover, Cbl-b association with EGFR rose markedly following a decrease in c-Cbl association, corresponding to a second peak of EGFR ubiquitination occurring later in EGFR trafficking. Using RNA interference to knock down both c-Cbl and Cbl-b, we were able to abolish EGFR downregulation. This knockdown had no affect on the rate of EGF-induced EGFR internalization. We found that the two Cbls accounted for total receptor ubiquitination and that while c-Cbl and Cbl-b are each alone sufficient to effect EGFR degradation, both are involved in the physiological, EGF-mediated process of receptor downregulation. Furthermore, these data ultimately reveal a previously unacknowledged temporal interplay of two major Cbl homologues with the trafficking of EGFR.
The efficacy of Ankaferd Blood Stopper in antithrombotic drug-induced primary and secondary hemostatic abnormalities of a rat-bleeding model (2009)

Ankaferd comprises a standardized mixture of plants Thymus vulgaris, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Vitis vinifera, Alpinia officinarum and Urtica dioica. Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) as a medicinal product has been approved in the management of external hemorrhage and dental surgery bleedings in Turkey. This study aimed to evaluate the in-vivo hemostatic effect of ABS in rats pretreated with acetylsalicylic acid or enoxaparin. Wistar rats (210-270 g) of both sexes were used in this study. The animals were pretreated with acetylsalicylic acid (10 mg/kg) orally for 4 days or enoxaparin sodium (8 mg/kg) subcutaneously for 3 days or did not receive any anticoagulant before tail cut at 4th day. ABS was administered topically [a total of 4 ml (1 ml/puff x 4)] to the cut tail in the studied animals. The duration of bleeding and the amount of bleeding were measured in order to evaluate the hemostatic effect of ABS. In acetylsalicylic acid-treated animals, topical ABS reduced both the duration and also the amount of bleeding volume by 68.4 and 54.6%, respectively. It was also effective in shortening the duration of bleeding (30.6%) and decreasing the amount of bleeding (32.8%) in enoxaparin-treated animals. ABS, a traditional folkloric medicinal plant extract, has in-vivo hemostatic actions, which may provide a therapeutic potential for the management of patients with deficient hemostasis in the clinical medicine.
QoE-Based Traffic and Resource Management for Adaptive HTTP Video Delivery in LTE (2014)

There is a growing interest in over-the-top (OTT) dynamic adaptive streaming over Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) (DASH) services. In mobile DASH, a client controls the streaming rate and the base station in the mobile network decides on the resource allocation. Different from the majority of previous works that focus on client-based rate adaptation mechanisms, this paper investigates the mobile network potential for enhancing the user quality-of-experience (QoE) in multiuser OTT DASH. Specifically, we first present proactive and reactive QoE optimization approaches for adapting the adaptive HTTP video delivery in an long-term evolution network. We then show, using subjective experiments, that by taking a proactive role in determining the transmission and streaming rates, the network operator can provide a better video quality and a fairer QoE across the streaming users. Furthermore, we consider the playout buffer time of the clients and propose a novel playout buffer-dependent approach that determines for each client the streaming rate for future video segments according to its buffer time and the achievable QoE under current radio conditions. In addition, we show that by jointly solving for the streaming and transmission rates, the wireless network resources are more efficiently allocated among the users and substantial gains in the user perceived video quality can be achieved.
Mutations in DCC Cause Congenital Mirror Movements (2010)

Mirror movements are involuntary contralateral movements that mirror voluntary ones and are often associated with defects in midline crossing of the developing central nervous system. We studied two large families, one French Canadian and one Iranian, in which isolated congenital mirror movements were inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. We found that affected individuals carried protein-truncating mutations in DCC (deleted in colorectal carcinoma), a gene on chromosome 18q21.2 that encodes a receptor for netrin-1, a diffusible protein that helps guide axon growth across the midline. Functional analysis of the mutant DCC protein from the French Canadian family revealed a defect in netrin-1 binding. Thus, DCC has an important role in lateralization of the human nervous system.
Micromagnetic Study of the Dependence of Output Voltages and Magnetization Behaviors on Damping Constant, Frequency, and Wire Length for a Gigahertz Spin Rotation Sensor (2023)

In this report, we studied the dependence of output voltage on the damping constant, the frequency of the pulse current, and the wire length of zero-magnetostriction CoFeBSi wires using multiphysics simulation considering eddy currents in micromagnetic simulations. The magnetization reversal mechanism in the wires was also investigated. As a result, we found that a high output voltage can be achieved with a damping constant of ≥0.03. We also found that the output voltage increases up to a pulse current of 3 GHz. The longer the wire length, the lower the external magnetic field at which the output voltage peaks. This is because the demagnetization field from the axial ends of the wire is weaker as the wire length is longer.