gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elevated Serum CD44 Level Is Associated With Unfavorable Outcome in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (1997)

CD44 molecule is a cell surface glycoprotein involved in many cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Circulating serum CD44 (s-CD44) levels have been found to change in parallel with response to therapy, but little is known about the predictive or prognostic significance of s-CD44. In the present study, we measured s-CD44 levels in sera taken before treatment from 194 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using a chemiluminescence-enzyme immunoassay method. All except 1 patient were regularly followed-up after therapy at least for 60 months (range, 33 to 143 months). The median pretreatment s-CD44 level was 440 ng/mL (range, 13 to 1,220 ng/mL). Only 32% of the 92 patients with an International Prognostic Index (IPI) score of 0 or 1 had an s-CD44 concentration higher than the median as compared with 67% of the patients with an IPI score >/=2 (P < .0001). Patients with lower than the median s-CD44 achieved more often a complete remission to therapy (P = .0002) and had better survival (P = .007) than those with higher s-CD44 levels. However, in a multivariate analysis, only the IPI score had independent prognostic value (P < .001). The findings were similar if only the patients with diffuse large-cell lymphoma (n = 51) were included in the analysis, but among patients with low-grade lymphoma, the median s-CD44 level was not significantly associated with the IPI or survival. In conclusion, a high s-CD44 level at diagnosis is associated with a high IPI score, poor response to treatment, and unfavorable outcome in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Use of machine learning to identify functional connectivity changes in a clinical cohort of patients at risk for dementia (2022)

Our methods highlight the potential to explore the underlying neural networks contributing to the cognitive changes and neuroplastic responses in prodromal dementia.
Particle packed mixed‐mode chromatographic stationary phase for the separation of peptide in liquid chromatography (2021)

A particle-based stationary phase has been prepared for the separation of five synthetic peptides and a mixture containing tryptic digest of cytochrome C in liquid chromatography. Particles originating from silica monolith were differentially sedimented to obtain 1-2 μm particles. A stationary phase was achieved by the coating of poly(styrene-methacrylic acid-N-phenylacrylamide) copolymer onto the particles via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization reaction. Stainless steel column (30 cm long and 1 mm internal diameter) was packed with stationary phase. Very high separation efficiency (ca. 351 000 plates/m) was achieved for five commercial peptides with a percent relative standard deviation of less than 1%. Protocol for the synthesis and modification of silica monolith particles has been well optimized with a good reproducibility both in particle and pore size. The column resolved about 21 peptide components from a mixture containing tryptic digest of cytochrome C, under the elution conditions of acetonitrile/15 mM ammonium format (65/35 v/v%) with a flow rate of 28 μL/min.
ClassSearch (2011)

We explore the use of social learning - improving knowledge skills by observing peer behavior - in the domain of Web search skill acquisition, focusing specifically on co-located classroom scenarios. Through a series of interviews, pilot studies, and classroom deployments, we conclude that a peripheral display of Web search activity within a classroom facilitates both social learning and teacher-led discourse. We present the ClassSearch system for shared awareness of Web search activity, which embodies principles gleaned from our iterative design process, and show results from a ClassSearch deployment in twelve middle-school classroom sessions. Finally, we highlight design suggestions and opportunities for future work while taxonomizing the space of co-located search pedagogies.
Colloid chemistry pitfall for flow cytometric enumeration of viruses in water (2019)

Flow cytomtery (FCM) has become a standard approach to enumerate viruses in water research. However, the nature of the fluorescent signal in flow cytometric analysis of water samples and the mechanism of its formation, have not been addressed for bacteriophages expected in wastewaters. Here we assess the behaviour of fluorescent DNA-staining dyes in aqueous solutions, as well as sensitivity and accuracy of FCM for enumeration of DNA-stained model bacteriophages λ, P1, and T4. We demonstrate that in aqueous systems fluorescent dyes form a self-stabilized (pseudolyophilic) emulsion of auto-fluorescing colloid particles. Sample shaking and addition of surfactants enhance auto-fluorescence due to increased dispersion and, in the presence of surfactants, stabilization of the dye emulsion. Bacteriophages with genome sizes <100 kbp (i.e. λ & P1) did not generate a distinct population signal to be detected by one of the most sensitive FCM instruments available (BD LSR Fortessa™ X-20), whereas the larger T4 bacteriophage was resolved as a distinct population of events. These results indicate that the use of fluorescent dyes for bacteriophage enumeration by flow cytometry can produce false positive signals and lead to wrong estimation of total virus counts by misreporting colloid particles as virions, depending on instrument sensitivity.
Surface topography and vertical scanning in two color low coherence Digital Holographic Microscope (2013)

A Volume Diffractive Optical Element (VDOE) is placed in the reference arm of an off-axis short coherence DHM. This enables nanometric-resolution surface topography in short coherence and high-speed vertical scanning, through field of view enlargement.
Feature Selection for Unsupervised and Supervised Inference: the Emergence of Sparsity in a Weighted-based Approach (2003)

The problem of selecting a subset of relevant features in a potentially overwhelming quantity of data is classic and found in many branches of science including --- examples in computer vision, text processing and more recently bioinformatics are abundant. In this work we present a definition of &amp;quot;relevancy&amp;quot; based on spectral properties of the Affinity (or Laplacian) of the features&amp;apos; measurement matrix. The feature selection process is then based on a continuous ranking of the features defined by a least-squares optimization process. A remarkable property of the feature relevance function is that sparse solutions for the ranking values naturally emerge as a result of a &amp;quot;biased non-negativity&amp;quot; of a key matrix in the process. As a result, a simple least-squares optimization process converges onto a sparse solution, i.e., a selection of a subset of features which form a local maxima over the relevance function. The feature selection algorithm can be embedded in both unsupervised and supervised inference problems and empirical evidence show that the feature selections typically achieve high accuracy even when only a small fraction of the features are relevant.
Formation of nanoscale structures by inductively coupled plasma etching (2013)

This paper will review the top down technique of ICP etching for the formation of nanometer scale structures. The increased difficulties of nanoscale etching will be described. However it will be shown and discussed that inductively coupled plasma (ICP) technology is well able to cope with the higher end of the nanoscale: features from 100nm down to about 40nm are relatively easy with current ICP technology. It is the ability of ICP to operate at low pressure yet with high plasma density and low (controllable) DC bias that helps greatly compared to simple reactive ion etching (RIE) and, though continual feature size reduction is increasingly challenging, improvements to ICP technology as well as improvements in masking are enabling sub-10nm features to be reached. Nanoscale ICP etching results will be illustrated in a range of materials and technologies. Techniques to facilitate etching (such as the use of cryogenic temperatures) and techniques to improve the mask performance will be described and illustrated.
Effect of Precipitation on Low Frequency Electrical Properties of Zerovalent Iron Columns (2005)

We conducted column studies to investigate the application of a noninvasive electrical method to monitor precipitation in Fe0 columns using (a) Na2SO4 (0.01 M, dissolved oxygen (DO) = 8.8 ppm), and (b) Na2CO3 (0.01 M, DO = 2.3 ppm) solutions. An increase in complex conductivity terms (maximum 40% in sulfate column and 23% in carbonate column) occurred over 25 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified mineral surface alteration, with greater changes in the high DO sulfate column relative to the low DO carbonate column. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) identified reduced amounts of hematite/maghemite in both columns, precipitation of goethite/akaganeite in the sulfate column, and precipitation of siderite in the carbonate column. Nitrogen adsorption measurements showed increases in specific surface area of iron minerals (27.5% for sulfate column and 8.2% for carbonate column). As variations in electrolytic conductivity and porosity were minimal, electrical changes are attributed to (1) higher complex interfacial conductivity due to increased surface area and mineralogical alteration and (2) increased electronic conduction due to enhanced electron transfer across the iron-fluid interface. Our results show that electrical measurements are a proxy indicator of Fe0 surface alteration.
Crystal structure of a dimeric fungal α-type carbonic anhydrase (2011)

Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) catalyses the reversible conversion of CO 2 into bicarbonate ions. It is one of the fastest and better studied enzymes, found in all domains of life. Besides its biological and pharmaceutical importance, CA has gained attention from an industrial perspective.
Urokinase‐immobilization suppresses inflammatory responses to polyurethane tubes implanted in rabbit muscles (2005)

Urokinase and plasmin appear to have antiinflammatory activity in some injury models, and urokinase immobilization has been clinically used to prevent thrombus formation in various implants, including intravenous indwelling catheters and subcutaneous drainage tubes. In the present study, polyurethane tubes were embedded in rabbit muscle for 3 months and the effect of urokinase immobilization on inflammatory responses to the implanted tubes was studied at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Mononuclear leukocyte accumulation occurred around implanted polyurethane tubes and peaked after 1 month, but was reduced significantly by urokinase immobilization. The treatment also lessened as well as delayed eosinophil accumulation, but did not affect fibrosis caused by implanted tubes. These results indicate suppressive effects of urokinase immobilization on polyurethane-elicited inflammatory responses and suggest that an approach to develop persistently active urokinase immobilization is rational for successful long-term device implantation.
Potential liquid crystal mixtures for Co2 laser application (1994)

Infrared transmission of 25 liquid crystal compounds was evaluated. Based on these results, a liquid crystal mixture consisting of fluoro and dialkyl diphenyl-diacetylene homologs was developed for CO2 laser application. This mixture exhibits a wide nematic range, high birefringence, low viscoelastic coefficient, and relatively small absorption at two CO2 laser lines: 10.59 and 10.77 μm. Its figure of merit is three times higher than the E44 commercial mixture at room temperature.
Comparative Relationship on Different Electric Toothbrushes with the shape of brushing and rotation rate in Oral Hygiene. (1994)

近年, 電動歯ブラシの口腔清掃の効果については, 様々な報告がなされている。また, 手用歯ブラシにおける形態, 毛先の形態, 硬さ, ブラッシング方法により清掃の効果が異なることも報告されている。そこで本研究は, プラークコントロールの重要性, 必要性を認識し, ブラッシングの技術も同レベルな被験者を対象として前後振動, 偏心運動の電動歯ブラシを用いて, 歯ブラシの毛先, 振動数の異なるものの口腔清掃効果について検討を行った。被験者は, 臨床的に正常な歯肉を有する8名 (男性4名, 女性4名23～26歳, 平均年齢23.8歳) とした。電動歯ブラシは前後振動 (2.5・2.0mm), 偏心運動 (26・17°) とも同様に, 歯ブラシの毛先の段差 (1.5・2.0mm), 回転数 (3, 000・2, 500・2, 000/min) のものを製作し, それぞれ一口腔当り3分使用させた後, プラークの除去状態を測定した。水平運動の電動歯ブラシの中では, 最も除去率の高い歯ブラシは, 振動幅2.0mm, 回転運動2, 500/min, 毛先カットB, 段差1.5mmであった。偏心運動の運動歯ブラシの中では, 最も除去率が高いものは, 偏心角26度, 回転運動3, 000/min, 毛先カットA, 段差1.5mmであった。本研究結果により電動歯ブラシにおいては, ブラッシング法, 歯ブラシの毛先の形態, 偏心角, 回転数がプラーク除去率に対して大きく影響を及ぼすことが認められた。
HiSIM-SOI: Complete surface-potential-based model valid for all SOI-structure types (2010)

The compact SOI-MOSFET model HiSIM-SOI based on the complete surface-potential description is presented. The model considers all possible charges induced in the device for the formulation of the Poisson equation, which is solved iteratively. Thus HiSIM-SOI is valid for any structural variations from thick to extremely thin SOI or BOX layers. The dynamic depletion between the fully and partially depleted conditions is well reproduced. It is also demonstrated that the floating-body effect can be accurately captured by considering the accumulated charge in the SOI layer for the solution of the Poisson equation. HiSIM-SOI is verified to correctly reproduce 2D-device simulation results automatically for different SOI-structure types without any additional option setting.
Pairing Alpaca and Llama-Derived Single Domain Antibodies to Enhance Immunoassays for Ricin (2017)

Previously, our group isolated and evaluated anti-ricin single domain antibodies (sdAbs) derived from llamas, engineered them to further increase their thermal stability, and utilized them for the development of sensitive immunoassays. In work focused on the development of therapeutics, Vance et al. 2013 described anti-ricin sdAbs derived from alpacas. Herein, we evaluated the utility of selected alpaca-derived anti-ricin sdAbs for detection applications, and engineered an alpaca-derived sdAb to increase its melting temperature, providing a highly thermal stable reagent for use in ricin detection. Four of the alpaca-derived anti-ricin A-chain sdAbs were produced and characterized. All four bound to epitopes that overlapped with our previously described llama sdAbs. One alpaca sdAb, F6, was found to possess both a high melting temperature (73 °C) and to work optimally with a thermally stable llama anti-ricin sdAb in sandwich assays for ricin detection. We employed a combination of consensus sequence mutagenesis and the addition of a non-canonical disulfide bond to further enhance the thermal stability of F6 to 85 °C. It is advantageous to have a choice of recognition reagents when developing assays. This work resulted in defining an additional pair of highly thermal stable sdAbs for the sensitive detection of ricin.
Into the groove: instructive silk-polypyrrole films with topographical guidance cues direct DRG neurite outgrowth (2015)

Instructive biomaterials capable of controlling the behaviour of the cells are particularly interesting scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Novel biomaterials are particularly important in societies with rapidly aging populations, where demand for organ/tissue donations is greater than their supply. Herein we describe the preparation of electrically conductive silk film-based nerve tissue scaffolds that are manufactured using all aqueous processing. Aqueous solutions of Bombyx mori silk were cast on flexible polydimethylsiloxane substrates with micrometer-scale grooves on their surfaces, allowed to dry, and annealed to impart β-sheets to the silk which assures that the materials are stable for further processing in water. The silk films were rendered conductive by generating an interpenetrating network of polypyrrole and polystyrenesulfonate in the silk matrix. Films were incubated in an aqueous solution of pyrrole (monomer), polystyrenesulfonate (dopant) and iron chloride (initiator), after which they were thoroughly washed to remove low molecular weight components (monomers, initiators, and oligomers) and dried, yielding conductive films with sheet resistances of 124 ± 23 kΩ square−1. The micrometer-scale grooves that are present on the surface of the films are analogous to the natural topography in the extracellular matrix of various tissues (bone, muscle, nerve, skin) to which cells respond. Dorsal root ganglions (DRG) adhere to the films and the grooves in the surface of the films instruct the aligned growth of processes extending from the DRG. Such materials potentially enable the electrical stimulation (ES) of cells cultured on them, and future in vitro studies will focus on understanding the interplay between electrical and topographical cues on the behaviour of cells cultured on them.
Welcome message from the IECON2015 general chairs (2015)

Presents the introductory welcome message from the conference proceedings. May include the conference officers' congratulations to all involved with the conference event and publication of the proceedings record.
An Antigenic Space Framework for Understanding Antibody Escape of SARS-CoV-2 Variants (2021)

The evolution of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 at antigenic sites that impact neutralizing antibody responses in humans poses a risk to immunity developed through vaccination and natural infection. The highly successful RNA-based vaccines have enabled rapid vaccine updates that incorporate mutations from current variants of concern (VOCs). It is therefore important to anticipate future antigenic mutations as the virus navigates the heterogeneous global landscape of host immunity. Toward this goal, we survey epitope-paratope interfaces of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to map an antigenic space that captures the role of each spike protein residue within the polyclonal antibody response directed against the ACE2-receptor binding domain (RBD) or the N-terminal domain (NTD). In particular, the antigenic space map builds on recently published epitope definitions by annotating epitope overlap and orthogonality at the residue level. We employ the antigenic space map as a framework to understand how mutations on nine major variants contribute to each variant's evasion of neutralizing antibodies. Further, we identify constellations of mutations that span the orthogonal epitope regions of the RBD and NTD on the variants with the greatest antibody escape. Finally, we apply the antigenic space map to predict which regions of antigenic space-should they mutate-may be most likely to complementarily augment antibody evasion for the most evasive and transmissible VOCs.
Befragung Wahlabsicht Bundestagswahl 2017 (2017)

Wahlabsicht und Parteipräferenz zur Bundestagswahl 2017 Die folgenden Themen sind im Gesamtdatensatz insgesamt enthalten. Teilweise wurden sie zu jeden Erhebungszeitpunkt gefragt, teilweise jedoch nur zu einem oder zu mehreren Erhebungszeitpunkten. Themen: Nutzungshäufigkeit von Tageszeitung, Internet, Zeitschriften, Radio und Fernsehen; Politikinteresse; Links-rechts-Selbsteinstufung; langfristige Parteineigung; Wahlverhalten bei der Bundestagswahl 2013; Parteipräferenz (Sonntagsfrage); Wahlabsicht sonstige Partei; generelle Festigkeit der Wahlentscheidung sowie bei der Parteipräferenz; Wahrscheinlichkeit der Wahlbeteiligung; Wahlbereitschaft für ausgewählte Parteien; Bundeskanzlerpräferenz für Angela Merkel oder Martin Schulz bei Direktwahl. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter (Geburtsjahr und Geburtsmonat); höchster Schulabschluss; höchster Bildungsabschluss; Bundesland; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen; persönliches Nettoeinkommen; Haushaltsgröße; Familienstand; Kinder unter 18 Jahren im Haushalt; Migrationshintergrund; Erwerbsstatus; Berufstätigkeit; Berufsgruppe; Konfession. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: West/Ost; Gewichtungsfaktoren.
Validation of document image defect models for optical character recognition (1994)

In this paper we consider the problem of evaluating models for physical defects affecting the optical character recognition (OCR) process. While a number of such models have been proposed, the contention that they produce the desired result is typically argued in an ad hoc and informal way. We introduce a rigorous and more pragmatic definition of when a model is accurate: we say a defect model is validated if the OCR errors induced by the model are effectively indistinguishable from the errors encountered when using real scanned documents. We present two measures to quantify this similarity: the Vector Space method and the Coin Bias method. The former adapts an approach used in information retrieval, the latter simulates an observer attempting to do better than a {open_quotes}random{close_quotes} guesser. We compare and contrast the two techniques based on experimental data; both seem to work well, suggesting this is an appropriate formalism for the development and evaluation of document image defect models.
S-EDCF : EDCF based on superslot and pseudo collision (2005)

International audience
Catheters coated with Zn-doped CuO nanoparticles delay the onset of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (2016)

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections associated with medical devices. In the current study, the synthesis, coating, antibiofilm properties, and biocompatibility of urinary catheters coated with Zn-doped CuO (Zn0.12Cu0.88O) nanoparticles (NPs) were examined. The doped NPs were synthesized and subsequently deposited on the catheter by the sonochemical method. The coated catheters displayed high antibiofilm activity and promising biocompatibility, as indicated by low in vitro cytotoxicity, negligible associated cytokine secretion, and absence of detectable irritation. The biocompatibility and ability of the Zn-doped CuO coating to inhibit biofilm formation were also evaluated in vivo using a rabbit model. Rabbits catheterized with uncoated catheters scored positive for CAUTI by day 4 of the experiment. In contrast, rabbits catheterized with Zn-doped CuO-coated catheters did not exhibit CAUTI until day 7 or remained completely uninfected for the whole duration of the 7-day experiment. Furthermore, the in vivo biocompatibility assays and examinations supported the biosafety of Zn-doped CuO-coated catheters. Taken together, these data highlight the potential of Zn-doped CuO nanocomposite as effective antibiofilm compound.
Evaluation of UBM oxidation through air exposure and heating and effectiveness of wet and plasma cleaning on solder joint formation during TCB (2020)

In 3D stacking chips, interconnections play an important role and selection of right materials is very significant. In this paper, a systematic study is done to characterize metal oxide growth rate with time and temperature for three most used UBM (under bump metallization) materials i.e. copper, cobalt, and nickel for the interconnections. Furthermore, effectiveness of two cleaning techniques such as wet cleaning and plasma cleaning before TCB (thermo compression bonding) process is investigated. As the metal oxidation, depending on air exposure through time, needs a quick and accurate evaluation, SE (spectroscopic ellipsometry) is employed to measure optical phase quantity (Delta) and thickness. To monitor grain size evolution and measure roughness of the sample surface, AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) is used. Moreover, wettability of the materials surface, as a key factor in bonding, is measured by Contact Angle tool. As copper is considered a main material for UBM, TOF-SIMS (time of flight second ion mass spectroscopy) as well as XRD (X-ray diffraction) techniques were selected to investigate oxidation concentration along depth profile and oxide phase of the surfaces for the samples respectively and cross section of the oxide layer is observed through SEM.