gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renal Functional Reserve and Renal Recovery after Acute Kidney Injury (2014)

Renal functional reserve (RFR) represents the capacity of the kidney to increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in response to certain physiological or pathological stimuli or conditions. Once baseline GFR is determined, RFR can be assessed clinically after an oral protein load or intravenous amino acid infusion. In clinical practice, baseline GFR displays variable levels due to diet or other factors. RFR is the difference between peak 'stress' GFR induced by the test (p.o. or i.v.) and the baseline GFR. In clinical scenarios where hyperfiltration is present (high baseline GFR due to pregnancy, hypertension or diabetic nephropathy, in solitary kidney or kidney donors), RFR may be fully or partially used to achieve normal or supranormal renal function. Since commonly used renal function markers, such as GFR, may remain within normal ranges until 50% of nephrons are lost or in patients with a single remnant kidney, the RFR test may represent a sensitive and early way to assess the functional decline in the kidney. RFR assessment may become an important tool to evaluate the ability of the kidney to recover completely or partially after a kidney attack. In case of healing with a defect and progressive fibrosis, recovery may appear complete clinically, but a reduced RFR may be a sign of a maladaptive repair or subclinical loss of renal mass. Thus, a reduction in RFR may represent the equivalent of renal frailty or susceptibility to insults. The main aim of this article is to review the concept of RFR, its utility in different clinical scenarios, and future perspective for its use.
Telomere dynamics in HIV‐1 infected and uninfected chimpanzees measured by an improved method based on high‐resolution two‐dimensional calibration of DNA sizes (1998)

We developed an improved method for accurately measuring telomere lengths based on two-dimensional calibration of DNA sizes combined with pulsed field electrophoresis and quantitative analysis of high-resolution gel images. This method was used to quantify the length of telomeres in longitudinal samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from five chimpanzees infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and three uninfected animals, 14 to 27 years of age. The average length of the telomere restriction fragments (TRF) of infected and uninfected chimpanzees were 11.7 +/- 0.25 kbp, and 11.6 +/- 0.61 kbp, respectively, and were about 1 kbp and 3 kbp longer than those of human infants and 30 year old adults, respectively. There was a trend of a slight decrease (30-60 bp per year) in the TRF of two HIV infected chimpanzees over 30-35 months, while the TRF of one naive chimpanzee slightly increased over 20 months. Although the number of chimpanzees in this study is small and no statistically significant linear dependencies on time were observed, it appears that in chimpanzees, rates of shortening of the TRF are comparable or smaller than in adult humans and are not significantly affected by HIV-1 infection, which may be related to the inability of HIV-1 to cause disease in these animals.
Expected and Unexpected Features of the Newly Discovered Bat Influenza A-like Viruses (2015)

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are important zoonotic pathogens that cause epidemic outbreaks in poultry, wild birds, swine, and other mammals. In humans, IAVs cause severe respiratory illness, and zoonotic transmission of IAVs from avian reservoirs poses a constant threat to the public health, as exemplified by the recent outbreak of an avian IAV of the H7N9 subtype. Aquatic birds are considered to be the major reservoir of IAVs, and 16 hemagglutinin (HA) and nine neuraminidase (NA) viral subtypes have been isolated from avian species to date. It is now well documented that from time to time IAVs overcome the species barrier and establish new lineages in other animals, including domestic animals, sea mammals, and humans. Our understanding of IAVs was recently challenged by the identification of two novel genome sequences of influenza A-like viruses from bat specimens by next-generation sequencing. These viruses were provisionally designated “H17N10” (from yellow-shouldered fruit bats [Sturnira lilium] in Guatemala) and “H18N11” (from flat-faced fruit bats [Artibeus planirostris] in Peru), which might signal an expansion of IAV host range.
New models and super-resolution techniques for short-range radar: Theory and experiments (2016)

Short-range millimeter (mm) wave radar imaging has significant potential for emerging applications such as handheld-based gesture recognition and vehicular situational awareness. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework for an array of monostatic elements for this purpose. We show that we must account for form factor and complexity constraints in a manner that is quite different from that of conventional radar, and introduce new models and algorithms validated by experimental results. Our main results include (a) identification of the number of degrees of freedom as a function of scene and array geometry, (b) demonstrating that grating lobes seen for the conventional point scatterer model when we employ sparse arrays can be eliminated by using spatial aggregation, using patch-based scatterer models as our dictionary, (c) optimization of patch size based on estimation-theoretic bounds, (d) super-resolution using a recently developed algorithm combining Newton methods with greedy pursuit.
Cross-project defect prediction: a large scale experiment on data vs. domain vs. process (2009)

Prediction of software defects works well within projects as long as there is a sufficient amount of data available to train any models. However, this is rarely the case for new software projects and for many companies. So far, only a few have studies focused on transferring prediction models from one project to another. In this paper, we study cross-project defect prediction models on a large scale. For 12 real-world applications, we ran 622 cross-project predictions. Our results indicate that cross-project prediction is a serious challenge, i.e., simply using models from projects in the same domain or with the same process does not lead to accurate predictions. To help software engineers choose models wisely, we identified factors that do influence the success of cross-project predictions. We also derived decision trees that can provide early estimates for precision, recall, and accuracy before a prediction is attempted.
Acute altitude illnesses (2011)

#### Summary points

Acute altitude illnesses are potentially serious conditions that can affect otherwise fit individuals who ascend too rapidly to altitude. They include high altitude headache, acute mountain sickness, high altitude cerebral oedema, and high altitude pulmonary oedema. The number of people travelling to altitude for work (soldiers, miners, construction workers, and astronomers) or for recreation (skiing, trekking, mountain biking, and climbing) is rising, and increased media attention towards these activities has also raised the profile of altitude related illness. Typical scenarios in which such illness might occur are a family trek to Everest base camp in Nepal (5360 m), a fund raising climb of Mount Kilimanjaro (5895 m), or a tourist visit to Machu Picchu (2430 m). Awareness of potential altitude related problems is important even for healthcare practitioners working at lower altitude, because patients may ask for advice about the safety of a proposed journey and how to prevent illness at altitude.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched Medline and Google Scholar with no …
Efficacy of high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for recurrent early-state endometrial cancer and atypical endometrial hyperplasia as a fertility-preserving treatment at our hospital (2023)

Objective: Fertility preservation therapy using high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is effective for young patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and early endometrial cancer (EC).However, its high recurrence rate has been concerned.Methods: This study included 173 patients who achieved complete remission (CR) and relapsed after initial MPA therapy at our hospital from 1998 and 2021.We analyzed the efficacy of repeated MPA therapy for recurrent AEH and EC.Results: The median observation period was 172.5 months.The histological types at the initial treatment were AEH in 59 patients (Group A), endometrioid carcinoma G1 in 109 patients (Group B) and G2 in 5 patients (Group C).Repeated MPA therapy was performed in 132 patients, of which the CR rates were 97.7%, 88.1% and 100% and the recurrence rate were 60.5%, 74.3% and 75% for Group A, B and C, respectively.The median relapse-free survival was 10, 14 and 34 months, and the overall survival rate was 100%, 99%, 100% for each group.There was death from other cancer after repeated MPA therapy, but no deaths from EC. Twenty-one patients (15.9%) became pregnant, and 12 patients (9%) delivered a birth after repeated MPA therapy.Conclusion: Repeated MPA therapy achieved a high response rate and a certain amount of patients treated with repeated MPA therapy became pregnant.These results indicated that it was a feasible treatment for recurrent patients to preserve fertility.However, considering the high recurrence rate, patients might try to get pregnant as soon as CR is achieved.
Ordered differential display: a simple method for systematic comparison of gene expression profiles (1997)

A method for display of 3'-end restriction fragments of cDNAs is proposed, extending the idea reported recently. First, representative pools of such fragments are selectively amplified using PCR suppression effect. Then, simplified subsets of these fragments suitable for comparison by PAGE are amplified by adapter-specific primers extended by two randomly picked bases at their 3'ends. By testing all possible combinations of extended primers the whole mRNA pool may be systematically investigated. The method was applied to search for molecular regional markers of freshwater planarian Dugesia tigrina .
Use of Monoclonal Antibodies for Expression Cloning (1999)

This unit details the use of transient expression in mammalian cells to screen cDNA libraries with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to isolate cDNA clones encoding cell-surface and intracellular proteins. The first protocol describes the cloning of cDNAs encoding cell-surface antigens. The second protocol is a modification that facilitates isolation of cDNAs encoding antigens that are expressed intracellularly. Both protocols are designed for use with the expression vector CDM8, which contains a polylinker for subcloning double-stranded cDNA.
Adsorption, Liquid Separation (2000)

Abstract Liquid‐phase adsorption has long been used for the removal of contaminants present at low concentrations in process streams. In most cases, the objective is to remove a specific feed component; alternatively, the contaminants are not well defined, and the objective is the improvement of feed quality defined by color, taste, odor, and storage stability. In contrast to trace impurity removal, the use of adsorption for bulk separation in the liquid phase on a commercial scale is a relatively recent development; this article is devoted mainly these liquid‐phase bulk adsorptive separation processes. A significant advantage of adsorbents over other separative agents lies in the fact that favorable equilibrium‐phase relations can be developed for particular separations; adsorbents can be produced that are much more selective in their affinity for various substances than are any known solvents. A practical adsorbent has four primary requirements: selectivity, capacity, mass transfer rate, and long‐term stability. The requirement for adequate adsorptive capacity restricts the choice of adsorbents to microporous solids with pore diameters ranging from a few tenths to a few tens of nanometers. Zeolites, crystalline aluminosilicates containing an assemblage of SiO 4 and AlO 4 tetrahedra joined together by oxygen atoms to form a microporous solid, offer increased possibilities for exploiting molecular‐level differences among adsorbates. The versatility of zeolites lies in the fact that widely different adsorptive properties may be realized by the appropriate control of the framework structure, the silica‐to‐alumina ratio (Si/Al), and the cation form. Industrial‐scale adsorption processes can be classified as batch or continuous. The efficiency of an adsorption process is significantly higher in a continuous mode of operation than in a cyclic batch mode. In addition, in a batch mode, the four functions of adsorption, purification, desorption, and displacement of the desorbent from the adsorbent are inflexibly linked, whereas a continuous mode allows more degrees of freedom with respect to these functions, and thus a better overall operation. Continuous processes have wide application in different areas of the chemical industry. However, in some applications the cyclic‐batch process may be preferred because of the complexity of design and the difficulty of controlling the continuous processes. Examples of commercial cyclic‐batch adsorption processes include the UOP methanol recovery (UOP MRU) and oxygenate removal (UOP ORU) processes. Conventional liquid chromatography has not attained great commercial significance in the area of large‐scale bulk separations from the liquid phase. Liquid adsorption processes hold a prominent position in several applications for the production of high purity chemicals on a commodity scale, and they continue to increase in value as improvements are made.
A moving planar mirror based approach for cultural reconstruction: Research Articles (2004)

Modelling from images is a cost-effective means of obtaining virtual cultural heritage models. These models can be effectively constructed from classical Structure from Motion algorithm. However, it's too difficult to reconstruct whole scenes using SFM method since general oriental historic sites contain a very complex shapes and brilliant colours. To overcome this difficulty, the current paper proposes a new reconstruction method based on a moving planar mirror. We devise the mirror posture instead of scene itself as a cue for reconstructing the geometry. That implies that the geometric cues are inserted into the scene by compulsion. With this method, we can obtain the geometrical details regardless of the scene complexity. For this purpose, we first capture image sequences through the moving mirror containing the interested scene, and then calibrate the camera through the mirror's posture. Since the calibration results are still inaccurate due to the detection error, the camera pose is revised using frame-correspondence of the corner points that are easily obtained using the initial camera posture. Finally, 3D information is computed from a set of calibrated image sequences. We validate our approach with a set of experiments on some cultural heritage objects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Use of Intermittent Lighting in Broiler Raising. (1996)

Male and female broiler chicks were raised separately in nearly continuous lighting [23 h light (L):1 h dark (D), CL] and consumed feed ad libitum. At 7 d of age, the intermittent lighting schedule (1L:3D, IL) was imposed on half of the chicks, whereas the other chicks remained under CL. In addition to performance characteristics, several parameters of the somatotrophic and thyrotrophic axes were studied together with plasma concentrations of testosterone. Males had a higher growth rate than females regardless of the imposed lighting schedule and this pronounced growth difference is reflected by higher plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH), and a better GH receptor occupancy. Differences in growth rate between sexes could not be attributed to differences in circulating 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) levels or to hepatic deiodination activities. However, from 3 wk of age onwards, males had significantly higher plasma testosterone levels than females. Plasma GH and T3 levels decreased whereas plasma insulin-like growth factor-I and thyroxine levels increased with age in all experimental groups. The age-related decline in plasma GH levels were less pronounced for males than for females. No major changes in other hormonal parameters or deiodination activities could be observed as a result of imposing IL, except for the higher plasma GH levels of IL chickens, and for plasma testosterone concentrations in IL males at Day 41, which were twice the levels found in their CL counterparts. These results therefore suggest that the somatotrophic axis as well as circulating testosterone levels mediate the sex-related differences in growth rate and the compensatory growth as present in males.
Clinical Evaluation of Combined Spatial Compounding and Adaptive Imaging in Breast Tissue (2004)

When spatial compounding is applied to targets with significant acoustic velocity inhomogeneities, the correlation between speckle patterns of the images to be averaged decreases, thereby increasing the speckle reduction nominally obtained. Phase correction applied to these targets improves the coherence of the wavefield and restores image spatial frequencies. Combining these two modes can be used to effectively increase the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of imaging targets and improve the general image quality of these targets over spatial compounding alone. This paper presents a clinical evaluation of combined spatial compounding and adaptive imaging in breast tissue and compares this combined technique to conventional imaging and to adaptive imaging and spatial compounding operating independently. Experiments were performed on a 1.75-D, 8 x 96 array attached to a commercially-available scanner. Cysts, microcalcifications and other breast structures were targeted in order to assess the impact of the combined mode on CNR, target width, target brightness and target peak-to-background ratio (PBR). In general, phase correction improved cyst CNR by 7.7%, decreased target width by 18.7%, increased target brightness by 30.1% and increased PBR by 17.9%. Compounding alone, using three overlapping 9.71 mm subapertures, increased cyst CNR by 24.6%, but increased target width by 25.4% and decreased PBR by 13.2%. Combining both modes, however, increased cyst CNR by 32.6%, inappreciably increased target width by 1.1% and marginally decreased PBR by 2.8%. The increase in target brightness with this combined mode was 20.0%
Paclitaxel-Eluting versus Uncoated Stents in Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (2006)

Although the use of paclitaxel-eluting stents in acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation reduced the incidence of serious adverse cardiac events at 1 year by 4.0 percentage points, as compared with uncoated stents, the difference was not statistically significant. (Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN65027270 [controlled-trials.com].).
Inhibition of PKC β by Ruboxistaurin Does Not Enhance the Acute Blood Pressure Response to Nitroglycerin (2007)

Ruboxistaurin is a selective protein kinase C beta inhibitor undergoing clinical investigation for treatment of diabetic microvascular complications. This study assessed a possible blood pressure (BP) interaction between ruboxistaurin and the exogenous nitric oxide donor, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). Subjects (N=22) with chronic stable angina received placebo or ruboxistaurin 96 mg/day orally to steady state in a crossover design. Graded GTN (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 120 microg/min) or 5% dextrose solution was then infused intravenously and BP was measured following each dose. Ruboxistaurin did not alter the slope of change in standing systolic BP (DeltasSBP/1n[GTN dose]) curve (P=0.272 analysis of covariance) or affect the DeltasSBP at the estimated GTN dose producing a 10-mm Hg reduction in sSBP from baseline on placebo (mean difference -0.9 mm Hg; 95% confidence of interval, -3.3-1.5). In conclusion, ruboxistaurin does not potentiate the acute BP-lowering effects of GTN.
Scalable service differentiation in a shared storage cache (2004)

Motivated by the need to enable easier data sharing and curb rising storage management costs, storage systems are becoming increasingly consolidated and thereby shared by a large number of users and applications. In such environments, service differentiation becomes increasingly important. Since caching is a fundamental and pervasive technique employed to improve the performance of storage systems, providing differentiated services from a storage cache is a crucial component of the entire end-to-end QoS solution. In this paper we discuss a QoS architecture for a shared storage proxy cache which can provide long-term hit rate assurances to competing classes. The proposed architecture consists of three components: (a) per-class feedback controllers that track the performance of each class, (b) a fairness controller that allocates excess resources fairly in the case when all goals are met, and (c) a contention resolver that decides cache allocation in the case when at least one class does not meet its target hit rate. We compare the performance of various feedback per-class controllers, and provide guidelines for designing QoS mechanisms for such a dynamic environment.
Tuneable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in single crystal [Co/Ni](111) superlattices (2010)

This paper is dedicated to the preparation of thin film with a strong perpendicular to the film plane magnetic anisotropy, behaviour of great interest for spintronics. Single-crystalline [Co/Ni] (111) superlattices have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The epitaxial growth of Co and Ni was controlled by using reflection high energy diffraction (RHEED), allowing us to get an accurate control of the thicknesses . The superlattices magnetic properties were studied using magnetometry. All of them exhibit strong perpendicular to the plane magnetic anisotropy. The maximum of magneto-crystalline anisotropy is obtained for one cobalt mo nolayer. A simple model which takes into account surface and volume anisotropy explains the evolution of perpendicular anisotropy in these layers.
Single-crystal polarized electronic spectra, ligand field analysis, and vibronic analysis of olefin complexes of square-planar platinum(II) (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSingle-crystal polarized electronic spectra, ligand field analysis, and vibronic analysis of olefin complexes of square-planar platinum(II)Huey Rong C. Jaw, Tsu Hsin Chang, and Jeffrey I. ZinkCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 25, 4204–4208Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00272a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00272a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts