gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the effect of cell parameters on the maximum RRAM array size considering both read and write (2012)

A numerical framework is developed to analyze the requirements of Self-Rectifying Resistive RAM cells for using in cross-point arrays. This paper analyzes the relation between maximum array size and cell characteristics, such as non-linearity, absolute current level and on/off ratio. Furthermore, optimal bias conditions are determined, and the advantage compared to a standard ½ voltage bias scheme is discussed.
New antagonist agents of neuropeptide y receptors (2000)

In the CNS, NPY has been implicated in obesity and feeding, endocrine function and metabolism. Potent and selective rNPY antagonists will be able to probe the merits of this approach for the treatment of obesity. We report the synthesis and preliminary evaluation of some hydrazide derivatives as antagonists of rNPY.
Effects of Myoendothelial Interactions on Arteriolar Myogenic and Agonist‐mediated Vascular Control (2015)

Local regulation of blood flow to tissue is governed by contraction and relaxation of circumferential vascular smooth muscle in resistance vessels. Interaction between endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) play a critical role in regulating vascular tone. Although ion flux, IP3 and nitric oxide (NO) transport between cells are known to be involved in regulation of SMC activity, little is known about their relative contributions to myogenic and agonist-mediated vascular tone. To quantify their contributions we have assembled an isolated vessel model of a resistance artery by integrating models of vessel wall mechanics, smooth muscle force generation, and SMC and EC Ca2+ dynamics and electrophysiology. Steady-state pressure-diameter and agonist response data from pressure and isovolumic myography studies are analyzed to determine contributions of ionic, IP3 and NO transport between ECs and SMCs on isolated vessel tone. The model predicts levels of SMC and EC Ca2+ at a given vascular tone and can also show how the presence/absence of endothelial layers influences pressure/agonist-induced contraction response, under isobaric and isovolumic conditions. In order to replicate experimentally observed vasoconstriction response to the smooth muscle agonist phenylephrine, the model analysis shows there is a limit to ionic and IP3 coupling allowed between cells. Below these limits, the NO-cGMP pathway has a minimal effect on vasoconstriction response to pressure but yet still has a significant effect on endothelial agonist-induced vasodilatory response. Supported by NIH U01 HL118738, NSF CBET 1133260 and NIH P50-GM094503.
Star Glyph Insets for Overview Preservation of Multivariate Data (2016)

Exploring vast spatial datasets often requires to drill down in order to inspect details, thus leading to a loss of contextual overview. An additional challenge rises if the visualized data is of multivariate nature, which we encounter in various domains such as healthcare, nutrition, crime reports, or social networks. Existing overview-plus-detail approaches do provide context but only limited support for multivariate data and often suffer from distortion. In this paper, we dynamically integrate star glyphs as insets into the spatial representation of multivariate data thus providing overview while inspecting details. Star glyphs pose an efficient and space saving method to visualize multivariate data, which qualifies them as integrated data representative. Furthermore, we demonstrate the usefulness of our approach in two use cases: The spatial exploration of multivariate crime data collected in San Francisco and the exploration of multivariate whisky data.
Drastic Changes in the Lifetime and Electron Transfer and Energy Transfer Reactivity of the Triplet Excited State ofp-Benzoquinone by Complex Formation with Scandium Ion Salts (2004)

Metal-ion salts such as scandium triflate form strong complexes with the triplet excited state of p-benzoquinone, which have extremely long lifetimes as compared with the lifetime of the uncomplexed quinone triplet, whereas no complex is formed with metal-ion salts in the ground state. The absorption maxima (λmax) of triplet−triplet absorption of the metal-ion salt complexes are red-shifted from the λmax value of the uncomplexed quinone triplet and vary depending on the Lewis acidity of the metal-ion salts. The rate of the complexation of the triplet excited state with scandium triflate is determined, obeying pseudo-first-order kinetics. The pseudo-first-order rate constant increases linearly with increasing metal-ion concentration. The transient absorption spectra of donor radical cations produced by photoinduced electron transfer from N,N-dimethylanilines to the triplet excited state of p-benzoquinone are detected by laser-flash photolysis measurements, whereas no such radical cations are detected in the presence of scandium triflate under otherwise the same experimental conditions. Thus, the electron transfer reactivity of the triplet excited state complex of p-benzoquinone with scandium triflate toward electron donors is diminished significantly as compared with that of the uncomplexed quinone triplet. In contrast, the energy transfer from the triplet excited state to oxygen is enhanced by complex formation with scandium triflate.
Carrier‐induced coherent acoustic phonon excitation in strain engineered InAs/GaAs quantum dot clusters (2006)

Abstract Strain engineered InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) clusters grown on (311)B GaAs are studied by means of time‐resolved differential reflection spectroscopy revealing coherent excitation of the quasilongitudinal and quasitransverse acoustic phonon modes. Photogenerated carriers which are captured within the ordered lateral QD clusters initiate coherent acoustic phonon excitation, which induces a transient modulation of the local strain‐induced piezoelectric field within the QD clusters. The excited acoustic phonons modulate the optical properties of the QDs through the quantum‐confined Stark effect, causing oscillations of the reflection signal. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The C-Terminal Domain of the Arabinosyltransferase Mycobacterium tuberculosis EmbC Is a Lectin-Like Carbohydrate Binding Module (2011)

The D-arabinan-containing polymers arabinogalactan (AG) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) are essential components of the unique cell envelope of the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biosynthesis of AG and LAM involves a series of membrane-embedded arabinofuranosyl (Araf) transferases whose structures are largely uncharacterised, despite the fact that several of them are pharmacological targets of ethambutol, a frontline drug in tuberculosis therapy. Herein, we present the crystal structure of the C-terminal hydrophilic domain of the ethambutol-sensitive Araf transferase M. tuberculosis EmbC, which is essential for LAM synthesis. The structure of the C-terminal domain of EmbC (EmbC(CT)) encompasses two sub-domains of different folds, of which subdomain II shows distinct similarity to lectin-like carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM). Co-crystallisation with a cell wall-derived di-arabinoside acceptor analogue and structural comparison with ligand-bound CBMs suggest that EmbC(CT) contains two separate carbohydrate binding sites, associated with subdomains I and II, respectively. Single-residue substitution of conserved tryptophan residues (Trp868, Trp985) at these respective sites inhibited EmbC-catalysed extension of LAM. The same substitutions differentially abrogated binding of di- and penta-arabinofuranoside acceptor analogues to EmbC(CT), linking the loss of activity to compromised acceptor substrate binding, indicating the presence of two separate carbohydrate binding sites, and demonstrating that subdomain II indeed functions as a carbohydrate-binding module. This work provides the first step towards unravelling the structure and function of a GT-C-type glycosyltransferase that is essential in M. tuberculosis.
ChemInform Abstract: Linear Monodisperse π‐Conjugated Oligomers: Model Compounds for Polymers and More (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quality estimation for images and video with different spatial resolutions (2012)

Full-reference (FR) quality estimators (QEs) for images and video are typically designed assuming that the displayed, degraded image has the same spatial resolution as the original, reference image. No-reference (NR) QEs use no knowledge about the reference image to assess quality of the displayed image. However, in many practical systems, a reference image may be available that has a different spatial resolution than the displayed image. In this paper, we explore objective quality estimation when the displayed image to be evaluated has a different spatial resolution than the reference image. We begin by identifying a range of potential weaknesses that might be present in a QE designed for this situation. Then, we create pairs of images with potential False Ties, in which a QE estimates that two images have equal quality while viewers disagree. Our subjective tests demonstrate that existing QEs do not accurately assess quality in a variety of scenarios for which images have different spatial resolutions.
WWT Ambassadors: Worldwide Telescope For Interactive Learning (2012)

In our presentation, we demonstrated some key features of the WorldWide Telescope (WWT). Here we describe the results of a WWT Ambassadors (WWTA) Pilot Study where volunteer Ambassadors helped sixth-graders use WWT during a six-week astronomy unit. The results of the study compare learning outcomes for 80 students who participated in WWTA and 70 students at the same school and grade who only used traditional learning materials. After the six-week unit, twice as many “WWT” as “non-WWT” students understood complex three dimensional orbital relationships; tremendous gains were seen in student performance in science overall, astronomy in particular, and even in using “real” telescopes. We describe plans for expansion of the WWTA program.
Ocular disease detection from multiple informatics domains (2018)

Computer aided detection for automatic ocular disease detection is an important area of research. As different ocular diseases possess different characteristics and present at different locations within the eye, it is difficult to find a common way to effectively handle each ocular disease. To solve this problem, we propose a unified Multiple Kernel Learning framework called MKL <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">clm</sup> to detect ocular diseases, based on the existence of multiple informatics domains. Our framework is capable to learn a robust predictive model by effectively integrating discriminative knowledge from different informatics domains and incorporating pre-learned Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers simultaneously. We validate MKL <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">clm</sup> by conducting extensive experiments for three leading ocular diseases: glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and pathological myopia. Experimental results show that MKL <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">clm</sup> is significantly better than the standard SVMs using data from individual domains and the traditional MKL method.
Force–length relationship in the pelvic floor muscles under transverse vaginal distension: A method study in healthy women (2004)

Force development in pelvic floor muscles increased as a function of vaginal diameter when measured in the frontal plane. The measurements were reliable at all the different diameters chosen.
Quantitative phase microscopy for life science and diagnosis (Conference Presentation) (2023)

We report high-speed and highly sensitive quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) using dynamic speckle illumination (DSI). The DSI-QPM is used for real-time analyses of highly motile human spermatozoa. The DSI-QPM supports high-speed and high spatial phase sensitivity, that are crucial for imaging tail (nanoscale) of living spermatozoa during motion. The scalable FoV and high temporal coherence offered by DSI-QPM is harnessed for histopathology and marine biology. Further, by integrating the single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) with QPM, nanoscale imaging and quantification in lateral (via SMLM) and axial (via QPM) directions was achieved on liver cells.
ChemInform Abstract: syn‐anti Isomerism in the 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition to cis‐3,4‐Disubstituted Cyclobutenes. Part 2. Role of Conformation in Bicyclo(3.2.0)hept‐6‐enes. (1988)

Abstract Along the series (IVa)‐(IVe) syn attack by the electron‐rich diazomethane (III) and the electron‐poor N‐oxide (V) 1,3‐dipoles increases in accordance with ab initio MO calculations (4‐31G) which show compounds (IV) to prefer a boat‐like conformation which, however, becomes flatter and flatter on passing from (IVa) to (IVe).
HUMERAL HEAD POSITIONING: USE OF AN ECCENTRIC TAPER (2002)

The humeral offset has a medial-lateral and anteriorposterior dimension and can be defined as the distance of the central axis of the humeral shaft and the center of rotation of the humeral head. When using a canal filling prosthetic stem, inserted in a collinear alignment with the long axis of the humeral shaft, the placement of the humeral head within the anatomic boundaries of the humeral osteotomy surface will be dictated by how closely the prosthetic stem-humeral head offsets match that of the patient’s natural anatomic offsets. Given the fact that there are several millimetres of variation in the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior humeral offsets among the normal patient population, it follows that in many cases the prosthetic offset will not precisely match that of each patient when a canal filling medullary component is properly inserted. This mismatch in the humeral offsets can result in malposition of the humeral head within the confines of the humeral osteotomy surface when using a centred Morse taper humeral head. Iannotti and Williams have studied, using the Polhemus tracking system, the biomechanical consequences and tolerances for a malpositioned humeral head using a prosthetic reconstructed human cadaver model (JOR in press). A 4 mm or greater malposition of the humeral head, particularly in an inferior or anterior direction (most common malposition) will result in a measurable decrease in range of motion, abnormal humeral kinematics and subacromial impingement. In addition, humeral head malposition (anterior and inferior) can result in impingement of the non-articular portion of the humeral component, rotator cuff or proximal humeral metaphysis on the glenoid component. This impingement can result in abnormal glenoid component wear (type 2 wear) or premature glenoid loosening. Solutions for management of humeral head malposition include: 1.) variable stem offsets (not currently available), 2.) humeral component with an eccentric Morse taper (DePuy – Global Advantage, Tomier – Aequalis, Zimmer – Bigliani/Flatow) or an equivalent design (Stryker – Anatomica), and 3.) under-sizing and shifting the humeral stem to a centred position. The last option, best for monoblock humeral components (original Neer design), requires impaction grafting or PMMA cement to stabilise the under-sized stem in the centred position. Whatever solution is used it is important, in most cases, to select a head size which matches the normal anatomy and center it within the confines of the normal humeral osteotomy surface area.
The Devil is in the GAN: Defending Deep Generative Models Against Backdoor Attacks (2021)

Deep Generative Models (DGMs) allow users to synthesize data from complex, high-dimensional manifolds. Industry applications of DGMs in- clude data augmentation to boost performance of (semi-)supervised ma- chine learning, or to mitigate fairness or privacy concerns. Large-scale DGMs are notoriously hard to train, requiring expert skills, large amounts of data and extensive computational resources. Thus, it can be expected that many enterprises will resort to sourcing pre-trained DGMs from po- tentially unverified third parties, e.g. open source model repositories. As we show in this paper, such a deployment scenario poses a new attack surface, which allows adversaries to potentially undermine the in- tegrity of entire machine learning development pipelines in a victim or- ganization. Specifically, we describe novel training-time attacks resulting in corrupted DGMs that synthesize regular data under normal operations and designated target outputs for inputs sampled from a trigger distribu- tion. Depending on the control that the adversary has over the random number generation, this imposes various degrees of risk that harmful data may enter the machine learning development pipelines, potentially causing material or reputational damage to the victim organization. Our attacks are based on adversarial loss functions that combine the dual objectives of attack stealth and fidelity. We show its effectiveness for a variety of DGM architectures (Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Variational Autoencoders (VAEs)) and data domains (images, audio). Our experiments show that - even for large-scale industry-grade DGMs - our attack can be mounted with only modest computational efforts. We also investigate the effectiveness of different defensive ap- proaches (based on static/dynamic model and output inspections) and prescribe a practical defense strategy that paves the way for safe usage of DGMs.
Simplified sheath flow cuvette design for ultrasensitive laser induced fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis (2012)

We present a design for a sheath-flow cuvette that uses a relatively inexpensive quartz cuvette. The cuvette has a high optical quality square flow chamber that is fused to quartz tubes at each end. PEEK/TEFZEL fittings hold and seal the quartz flow chamber without putting strain on the cuvette. The performance of the cuvette is evaluated as a laser-induced fluorescence detector for capillary electrophoresis. The cuvette produces mass detection limits of 50 yoctomoles (30 copies) for 5-carboxyl tetramethylrhodamine (5 TAMRA SE) with a separation efficiency of 400,000 theoretical plates.
Super-Resolution Disk with a Photochromic Mask Layer (1997)

Super-resolution readout for read-only optical disks was demonstrated using a photochromic mask layer. Nonlinear transmittance change, which is desirable for effective super-resolution readout, was achieved using a the photochromic mask layer with an optical density of 0.5. The photochromic super-resolution method is expected to increase the recording density of not only read-only disks, but also magneto-optical and phase change disks.
Ruthenium Half‐Sandwich Complexes Bound to Protein Kinase Pim‐1 (2006)

Ein halber Sandwich hält in Form: Die Struktur eines pikomolaren Organorutheniuminhibitors an der ATP-Bindungsstelle der Proteinkinase Pim-1 zeigt, dass dem Rutheniumzentrum nur eine strukturgebende Rolle zufällt: Es richtet die organischen Liganden so aus, dass Form und Anordnung der funktionellen Gruppen komplementär zum aktiven Zentrum von Pim-1 sind (siehe Bild).
Supplementary Materials, Methods & Table S1 from Real-time, Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging with an Optimized Dye/Light Source/Camera Combination for Surgical Guidance of Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials, Methods &amp; Table S1. Supplementary Materials &amp; Methods: Generation &amp; characterization of the LMD-PSMA cells, YC-27 synthesis, primers for mPSMA PCR, and determining the limit of detection of YC-27. Supplementary Table S1: Residual tumor post surgery as determined by imaging and palpation. Author contributions &amp; Competing interests.&lt;/p&gt;
Metallic Nanorods Doped Optical Recording Media: The Use of Nanorods As Nano-Heat Sensitizers (2007)

In this study, we demonstrate the gold nanorods can be successfully incorporated into common optical recording media such as phthalo-cyanine, azo-dye, and phase change media, and operate as a nano-heat sensitizers. Since the recording mechanism for optical recording media is optothermal energy conversion, high absorption cross section of gold nanorods tuned at recording laser wavelengths is shown to be extremely useful in nano-heat generation, which facilitate the efficient recording on those media.
Surface structures of single-crystal graphene on Cu/Ni(111) and Ge(110) substrates studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (2019)

The success in the synthesis of wafer-size single-crystal graphene enables a tremendous breakthrough in the development of graphene-based devices. Understanding the growth mechanism is essential for the design of suitable substrates to meet the demand of various applications. Here, we investigate the detailed growth process of the monolayer single-crystal graphene on Cu/Ni(111) and Ge(110) surfaces using scanning tunneling microscopy. The (3×3)R30° surface structure on Cu/Ni(111) and 1 × 1 atomic structure on Ge(110) are found to match the graphene lattice along the armchair direction. These specific atomic arrangements dictate the quasiepitaxial nature of graphene growth on both substrates despite their apparent differences in native lattice geometry.
Porphyromonas gingivalis‐related cardiac cell apoptosis was majorly co‐activated by p38 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathways (2006)

Our findings suggest that the development of cardiac cell apoptosis can be directly induced by P. gingivalis medium. Porphyromonas gingivalis-related H9c2 cell apoptosis was mainly co-activated by p38 and ERK pathways and may be involved in death receptor-dependent (caspase 8) and mitochondria (caspase 9)-dependent apoptotic pathways. Porphyromonas gingivalis-related cardiac cell apoptosis was also partially mediated by PI3K or calcineurin signaling pathways, whereas the JNK pathway might play a protective role in P. gingivalis-related cardiac cell apoptosis.
Effectively dealing with uncontrolled generation of traction motors in hybrid electric vehicles (2011)

Traction motor systems of hybrid electric vehicles are vulnerable to uncontrolled generation (UCG) when the inverter switches loss their drive signals suddenly during flied weakening high speed operation. Then the large current is induced by UCG and charges the battery. The current will lead to the temperature rise of the battery and even break it down. Therefore, in order to avoid destruction risk of the battery, this paper proposes a leakage resistance and a stored energy capacitor, to effectively deal with UCG. Furthermore, control strategies are developed to improve the charging efficiency of the battery and maintain the operation of the battery in appropriate temperature.
Security in Database Systems - from a Researcher’s View (1991)

Database security has been the subject of active research for the past several years. In the last five years, rapid progress has been made in defining what, security means for such systems and in developing laboratory prototypes and even products that meet those definitions. However, much more work remains to be done in certain key re- search areas. This paper provides an overview of the database security issues for both mandatory and discretionary security and describcs areas of ongoing research.
Characterization of a bifunctional alginate lyase as a new member of the polysaccharide lyase family 17 from a marine strain BP-2 (2019)

Alg17B can be used to saccharify the main carbohydrate, alginate, in the ethanolic production of brown algae fuel as well as in preparing and researching oligosaccharides.