gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Risk-constrained AC OPF with risk limits on individual system states (2015)

Risk-based security indexes can be used as a constraint in OPF to determine the most economic generation dispatch while ensuring that the risk of power system operation stays below a given value. Existing approaches only limit the total risk, which can result in some system states having significantly higher values of risk compared to others. In this paper, a risk-constrained AC OPF that limits the individual risk of each considered system state is proposed. The resulting optimization problem is solved by a centralized method and iterative algorithm based on locational security impact factors, which quantify the impact of a change of a generator output on the risk of a certain system state. The comparison of these methods in terms of the simulation time and solution accuracy as well as the analysis of limiting the total versus individual risk is presented for the IEEE Reliability Test System.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBON MONOXIDE ACTIVATION BY ORGANOACTINIDES. η2‐ACYL‐CARBON MONOXIDE COUPLING AND THE FORMATION OF METAL‐BOUND KETENES (1983)

Abstract Die Reaktion des n′ Acyl‐Th‐Komplexes (IIa) mit CO, die zum bekannten Diondiolat (I) bzw. in Gegenwart von tert. Phosphinen zu den Yliden (III) führt, verläuft vermutlich über das intermediäre Keten (IV).
Abstract 14587: Different Sequence of Fractionated Proton and Single Low Dose Iron Radiation Induce Divergent Biological Responses in the Heart (2016)

Astronauts will be exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) composed of a spectrum of low-fluence protons (1H) and high charge and energy (HZE) nuclei iron (e.g., 56Fe). During GCR each cell in the body will be traversed by 1H every 3-4 days and HZE nuclei every few months. The effects of sequential/fractionated low doses of 1H or HZE on cardiovascular system are unknown. Male C57BL/6NT mice of 8-9 month old were evaluated over 3 months: Group 1- control; Group 2 - 1H 17 cGy every 2 days/3 doses; Group 3 - 1H 17 cGy every 2 days/3 doses followed by a single dose of 56Fe 15 cGy 2 days after the last dose of 1H; Group 4 - a single dose of 56Fe 15 cGy/followed by fractionated 1H 17 cGy every 2 days/3 doses 2 days after a single 56Fe-IR; at 1 GeV energy for both ions. Cardiac function, cardiac fibrosis and cardiac remodeling were assessed by echocardiography, hemodynamic measurements, H&E and Trichrome staining. In IR + Aging group, over 3 months, 1H+1H+1H-IR alone or 1H+1H+1H/56Fe-IR did not induce negative effect...
Tests of some common assumptions of ear-canal acoustics in cats (2000)

The accuracy of ear-canal admittance and reflectance as measures of the ear's properties depends on the acoustic effects of the canal. Here, measurements of acoustic admittance at different canal locations in domestic cats are used to test three common assumptions. (1) Can a uniform-tube model of the canal represent spatial variations in admittance? Data from cats support this assumption for frequencies below 3 kHz, where the admittance inferred at the tympanic membrane (TM) based on a uniform-tube model differs by less than 3 dB in magnitude and 0.07 periods in angle from the admittance measured at the TM; for higher frequencies greater differences occur. (2) Do large static air pressures in the canal make the middle ear rigid without affecting the properties of the canal space? The measurements reported indicate that large negative static pressures reduce the low-frequency compliance of the cat middle ear to about 10% of the compliance of the canal air volume. Static displacements of the acoustic probe, TM, and canal walls with static pressure may affect estimates of the canal volume and middle-ear compliance by as much as 15% to 20%. (3) Is the acoustic-reflectance magnitude constant with position along the canal? Reflectance data from cat ear canals generally support this idea, except within a frequency region near 0.5 kHz for which there is evidence of energy loss. These results demonstrate that noninvasive measurements in the canal describe middle-ear acoustic properties to within tolerances that depend on the effects of the canal.
Inhibition of Muscarinic Receptor-linked Phospholipase D Activation by Association with Tubulin (2004)

Mammalian phospholipase D (PLD) is considered a key enzyme in the transmission signals from various receptors including muscarinic receptors. PLD activation is a rapid and transient process, but a negative regulator has not been found that inhibits signal-dependent PLD activation. Here, for the first time, we report that tubulin binding to PLD2 is an inhibition mechanism for muscarinic receptor-linked PLD2 activation. Tubulin was identified in an immunoprecipitated PLD2 complex from COS-7 cells by peptide mass fingerprinting. The direct interaction between PLD2 and tubulin was found to be mediated by a specific region of PLD2 (amino acids 476-612). PLD2 was potently inhibited (IC50 <10 nM) by tubulin binding in vitro. In cells, the interaction between PLD2 and tubulin was increased by the microtubule disrupting agent nocodazole and reduced by the microtubule stabilizing agent Taxol. Moreover, PLD2 activity was found to be inversely correlated with the level of monomeric tubulin. In addition, we found that interaction with and the inhibition of PLD2 by monomeric tubulin is important for the muscarinic receptor-linked PLD signaling pathway. Interaction between PLD2 and tubulin was increased only after 1-2 min of carbachol stimulation when carbachol-stimulated PLD2 activity was decreased. The expression of the tubulin binding region of PLD2 blocked the later decrease in carbachol-induced PLD activity by masking tubulin binding. Taken together, these results indicate that an increase in local membrane monomeric tubulin concentration inhibits PLD2 activity, and provides a novel mechanism for the inhibition of muscarinic receptor-induced PLD2 activation by interaction with tubulin.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient Synthesis of (α,α‐Difluoroprop‐2‐ynyl) phosphonate Esters. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Detection of SF4 in Sparked SF6 (1982)

By the appropriate selection of the electron energy used in a quadruple mass spectrometer, the sensitivity for detection of sulfur tetrafluoride (SF/sub 4/) in sulfur hexafluoride was improved by 4 orders of magnitude. From a cleaned and preconditioned source, ca 1/3 of the available energy was utilized in SF/sub 4/ formation with a rate of production of 3 x 10/sup 13/ molecules/spark. 2 figures, 1 table.
Intense Neutrino Source Front End Beam Diagnostics System R&D (2018)

We overview the front end beam diagnostic system R&amp;D to prepare operation of a multi-MW proton beam for intensity frontier Neutrino experiments. One of critical issues is shorter life time of a detector with higher beam intensity due to radiation damage. We show a possible improvement of the existing ion chamber based detector, and a study of a conceptually new radiation-robust detector which is based on a gas-filled RF resonator.
Drug Resistance and Predicted Virologic Responses to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Inhibitor Therapy (2000)

The extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 drug resistance compromises therapeutic efficacy is intimately tied to drug potency and exposure. Most HIV-1 protease inhibitors maintain in vivo trough levels above their human serum protein binding-corrected IC(95) values for wild-type HIV-1. However, these troughs are well below corrected IC(95) values for protease inhibitor-resistant viruses from patients experiencing virologic failure of indinavir and/or nelfinavir. This suggests that none of the single protease inhibitors would be effective after many cases of protease inhibitor failure. However, saquinavir, amprenavir, and indinavir blood levels are increased substantially when each is coadministered with ritonavir, with 12-h troughs exceeding corrected wild-type IC(95) by 2-, 7-, and 28-79-fold, respectively. These indinavir and amprenavir troughs exceed IC(95) for most protease inhibitor-resistant viruses tested. This suggests that twice-daily indinavir-ritonavir and, to a lesser extent, amprenavir-ritonavir may be effective for many patients with viruses resistant to protease inhibitors.
The effect of silica nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes on the toughness of a thermosetting epoxy polymer (2010)

Abstract Silica nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been incorporated into an anhydride‐cured epoxy resin to form “hybrid” nanocomposites. A good dispersion of the silica nanoparticles was found to occur, even at relatively high concentrations of the nanoparticles. However, in contrast, the MWCNTs were not so well dispersed but relatively agglomerated. The glass transition temperature of the epoxy polymer was 145°C and was not significantly affected by the addition of the silica nanoparticles or the MWCNTs. The Young's modulus was increased by the addition of the silica nanoparticles, but the addition of up to 0.18 wt % MWCNTs had no further significant effect. The addition of both MWCNTs and silica nanoparticles led to a significant improvement in the fracture toughness of these polymeric nanocomposites. For example, the fracture toughness was increased from 0.69 MPam 1/2 for the unmodified epoxy polymer to 1.03 MPam 1/2 for the hybrid nanocomposite containing both 0.18 wt % MWCNTs and 6.0 wt % silica nanoparticles; the fracture energy was also increased from 133 to 204 J/m 2 . The mechanisms responsible for the enhancements in the measured toughness were identified by observing the fracture surfaces using field‐emission gun scanning electron microscopy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Inhibiting Myostatin with Follistatin Improves the Success of Myoblast Transplantation in Dystrophic Mice (2008)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a recessive disease due to a mutation in the dystrophin gene. Myoblast transplantation permits to introduce the dystrophin gene in dystrophic muscle fibers. However, the success of this approach is reduced by the short duration of the regeneration following the transplantation, which reduces the number of hybrid fibers. Our aim was to verify whether the success of the myoblast transplantation is enhanced by blocking the myostatin signal with an antagonist, follistatin. Three different approaches were studied to overexpress follistatin in the muscles of mdx mice transplanted with myoblasts. First, transgenic follistatin/mdx mice were generated; second, a follistatin plasmid was electroporated in mdx muscles, and finally, follistatin was induced in mdx mice muscles by a treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor. The three approaches improved the success of the myoblast transplantation. Moreover, fiber hypertrophy was also observed in all muscles, demonstrating that myostatin inhibition by follistatin is a good method to improve myoblast transplantation and muscle function. Myostatin inhibition by follistatin in combination with myoblast transplantation is thus a promising novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of muscle wasting in diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Genetic studies of bipolar affective disorder in large families (2001)

Background Genetic factors are known to be important in the aetiology of bipolar disorder. Aims To review linkage studies in extended families multiply affected with bipolar disorder. Method Selective review of linkage studies of bipolar disorder emphasising the gains and drawbacks of studying large multiply-affected families and comparing the statistical methods used for data analysis. Results Linkage of bipolar disorder to several chromosome regions including 4p, 4q, 10p, 12q, 16p, 18q, 21q and Xq has first been reported in extended families. In other families chromosomal rearrangements associated with affective illnesses provide signposts to the location of disease-related genes. Statistical analyses using variance component methods can be applied to extended families, require no prior knowledge of the disease inheritance, and can test multilocus models. Conclusion Studying single large pedigrees combined with variance component analysis is an efficient and effective strategy likely to lead to further insights into the genetic basis of bipolar disorders.
Plasma‐polymerized carbon disulfide films as a hole transport layer in organic electroluminescent devices (1992)

Abstract Electroluminescent devices were fabricated using plasma‐polymerized carbon disulfide films, poly(CS 2 ), and tris(8‐quinolinolato)aluminum(III) complex, Alq, as the hole transport layer and the emitting layer, respectively. A cell structure of glass substrate/indium–tin–oxide/poly(CS 2 /Alq/Mg/Ag) was employed. Smooth hole injection from the electrode through the poly(CS 2 ) layer and concomitant electroluminescence from the Alq layer were observed. Green emission with a luminance of 250 cd/m 2 was achieved at a drive voltage of 14 V.
Augmentation for Synthetic Vision Displays – An Energy Based Approach (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To provide information about the position and orientation of the aircraft relative to the required flight path, several experimental synthetic vision display formats include a depiction of this path by means of a so-called highway-or tunnel-in-the-sky, sometimes augmented with a position predictor. To accurately track both a vertical path and a commanded velocity, energy management is required. The conventional position predictor supports path tracking but requires the pilot to use the resulting velocity error for thrust control. This paper discusses the development of an enhancement to the position predictor based on energy management considerations. The enhanced predictor provides the information needed to maintain energy awareness and allows an anticipatory thrust control strategy to be applied.&lt;/div&gt;
Towards automatic mediation of OWL-S process models (2007)

The framework for automatic mediation of two process models composed of semantically annotated Web services is presented. Process mediation is hard because of many possible mismatches between process models. We introduce algorithms for the process models analysis to find possible mappings between provider's and requester's process models, or to identify incompatibilities that cannot be reconciled with given set of available data mediators and external services. Results of the analysis phase are used in the mediator runtime component. In particular, we show how the workflow and dataflow mismatches can be resolved.
Tracking analysis of an ARMA parameter estimation algorithm using weak convergence theory (2005)

In this paper we study the problem of adaptively estimating the Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) parameters of a time varying ARMA process using a constant step size Gauss-Newton Algorithm. Using weak convergence theory and the concept of prescaling, it is shown that the "mean" behavior can be described by an ordinary differential equation (ODE). Computer simulations are provided to substantiate the analysis.
A role for the habenula in the regulation of locomotor activity cycles (2011)

Although much is known about the regulation of the circadian rest-activity cycle by the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus in nocturnal rodents, little is known about the neural substrates that regulate the temporal organization of nocturnal activity within the active phase. In this report, data are presented in Syrian hamsters to implicate the habenula - believed to be involved in motivation, reward and motor control--as a candidate site for such a role. First, by examining hamsters during the day and night and by introducing a 'novel' running wheel in order to induce daytime motor activity, we showed that immunoreactive c-Fos expression in the lateral and medial habenula is related to motor activity/arousal. Second, by transecting the habenula's major efferent pathway (fasciculus retroflexus), we showed that the interruption of habenula neural output alters the daily amount of motor activity, lengthens the period of the circadian rest-activity rhythm and disrupts the species-typical pattern of nocturnal motor activity, measured as either wheel-running behavior or general locomotor activity. Instead of the usual pattern of night-time locomotion, characterized by a prolonged bout of elevated activity in the early night followed by shorter sporadic bouts or the cessation of activity altogether, lesioned animals exhibited a more homogeneous, undifferentiated temporal profile extending across the night. These data suggest a previously unrecognized function of the habenula whereby it regulates the temporal pattern of activity occurring within a circadian rest-activity window set by the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
The effect of hydrazine intercalation on the structure and capacitance of 2D titanium carbide (MXene) (2016)

Herein we show that hydrazine intercalation into 2D titanium carbide (Ti3C2-based MXene) results in changes in its surface chemistry by decreasing the amounts of fluorine, OH surface groups and intercalated water. It also creates a pillaring effect between Ti3C2Tx layers pre-opening the structure and improving the accessability to active sites. The hydrazine treated material has demonstrated a greatly improved capacitance of 250 F g(-1) in acidic electrolytes with an excellent cycling ability for electrodes as thick as 75 μm.
Prognostics and health management for wireless telemedicine networks (2012)

Prognostics and health management has been widely used in predicting the time at which a system will no longer perform its intended function. This article aims at providing a detailed discussion of reliability optimization for wireless telemedicine network by using a prognostics approach. The science of prognostics, which is based on the analysis of failure modes, detection of early signs of wear and aging, and fault conditions, has been applied to electronic components and systems as well as structural monitoring. Using data-driven prognostics techniques, the condition of a network can also be monitored using operational data related to data packets as they are delivered across the network. Prognostics are particularly important for wireless telemedicine networks since these networks must operate reliably irrespective of abruptly changing operating conditions in order to support life-saving missions.
Gene Targeting in Human Cells Without Isogenic DNA (1999)

Targeted homologous recombination (gene targeting) is widely used in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells as the method of choice for genetic ablation. Soon after the method became established ([1][1], [2][2]), it was demonstrated that the frequency of homologous recombination was adversely affected by
RIS-Empowered Ambient Backscatter Communication Systems (2022)

Passive tags must harvest sufficient energy to operate. However, ensuring the tag’s energy needs and simultaneously suppressing the interference in ambient backscatter systems is challenging. To meet this, we employ a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to amplify the ambient source signal that reaches the tag. We maximize the achievable rate by optimizing the RIS phase-shifts subject to the tag’s energy harvesting constraint. Specifically, the phase-shifts are optimized to increase the tag’s received power while suppressing the direct-and-RIS-cascaded link interference. The optimization problem is non-convex, and we convexify it by means of fractional programming and a quadratic transformation. In comparison to a benchmark, our optimal phase-shift design provides ~150% and ~250% gains in harvested power and achieved rate, respectively, at 20 dB m transmit power.
Inference of Room Geometry From Acoustic Impulse Responses (2012)

Acoustic scene reconstruction is a process that aims to infer characteristics of the environment from acoustic measurements. We investigate the problem of locating planar reflectors in rooms, such as walls and furniture, from signals obtained using distributed microphones. Specifically, localization of multiple two- dimensional (2-D) reflectors is achieved by estimation of the time of arrival (TOA) of reflected signals by analysis of acoustic impulse responses (AIRs). The estimated TOAs are converted into elliptical constraints about the location of the line reflector, which is then localized by combining multiple constraints. When multiple walls are present in the acoustic scene, an ambiguity problem arises, which we show can be addressed using the Hough transform. Additionally, the Hough transform significantly improves the robustness of the estimation for noisy measurements. The proposed approach is evaluated using simulated rooms under a variety of different controlled conditions where the floor and ceiling are perfectly absorbing. Results using AIRs measured in a real environment are also given. Additionally, results showing the robustness to additive noise in the TOA information are presented, with particular reference to the improvement achieved through the use of the Hough transform.
Regenerative capacity of the dystrophic (mdx) diaphragm after induced injury (2004)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterized by myofiber necrosis, muscle replacement by connective tissue, and crippling weakness. Although the mdx mouse also lacks dystrophin, most muscles show little myofiber loss or functional impairment. An exception is the mdx diaphragm, which is phenotypically similar to the human disease. Here we tested the hypothesis that the mdx diaphragm has a defective regenerative response to necrotic injury, which could account for its severe phenotype. Massive necrosis was induced in mdx and wild-type (C57BL10) mouse diaphragms in vivo by topical application of notexin, which destroys mature myofibers while leaving myogenic precursor satellite cells intact. At 4 h after acute exposure to notexin, >90% of diaphragm myofibers in both wild-type and mdx mice demonstrated pathological sarcolemmal leakiness, and there was a complete loss of isometric force-generating capacity. Both groups of mice showed strong expression of embryonic myosin within the diaphragm at 5 days, which was largely extinguished by 20 days after injury. At 60 days postinjury, wild-type diaphragms exhibited a persistent loss ( approximately 25%) of isometric force-generating capacity, associated with a trend toward increased connective tissue infiltration. In contrast, mdx diaphragms achieved complete functional recovery of force generation to noninjured values, and there was no increase in muscle connective tissue over baseline. These data argue against any loss of intrinsic regenerative capacity within the mdx diaphragm, despite characteristic features of major dystrophic pathology being present. Our findings support the concept that significant latent regenerative capacity resides within dystrophic muscles, which could potentially be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
Design of a device for the high-fidelity haptic rendering of rotatory car doors (2009)

To enable a realistic virtual prototyping of both actuated and unactuated rotatory car doors, a dedicated haptic device is developed. A fundamental issue is the derivation of the specific requirements for this interface, which is done based on knowledge of the typical user interaction with a car door and a comprehensive model of the dynamics of an actuated as well as an unactuated car door. The findings are that the device should only exhibit one rotatory degree-of-freedom, which should be actuated by a direct drive with a high torque output (ges 100 Nm) and very high position resolution (ges 16 Bit). A suitable direct-drive is selected and combined with other elements to form a backlash-free, very stiff haptic device. Due to both force and acceleration sensing, it can serve for the haptic rendering of actuated as well as unactuated car doors. Furthermore, a thorough safety scheme ensures a safe operation of the human-system-interaction.