gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and Chiroptical Properties of Acyclic and Macrocyclic 1,5-Bis(oxazoline) Ligands and Their Copper(I) and Silver(I) Complexes (2002)

C2-symmetric acyclic ligands 1a−1e, macrocyclic ligands 2a−2d and 3, and their copper(I) and silver(I) complexes were studied by UV, NMR and CD spectroscopy. The stability constants of the metal−1a and −1b complexes with 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometries in acetonitrile were determined by spectrometric titrations. Evidence of tetrahedral coordination for complex [Ag(1a)2]+ was obtained from the complexation induced shifts (CIS) and NOEs, and corroborated by molecular modeling. Ligands with phenyl rings on the stereogenic centers (1a,c and 2) exhibit a strong Cotton effect (CE) in the region of the 1Bb band, which is absent in the ligands with benzyl groups on the stereogenic center (1b, 3). This effect is ascribed to the exciton coupling (EC) of two aromatic chromophores on the stereogenic center. For ligands 1a and 2a the EC changes the sign on complexation to Cu+, revealing opposite helicity of the free and complexed ligand. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
GaN laser diodes for quantum technologies (2017)

GaN laser diodes has the potential to be a key enabling technology for a range of quantum technologies, including next generation optical atomic clocks and gravity sensors, based on cold-atom interferometry and also quantum communications, that have important applications for security and defence. Presently, such systems require a number of expensive, sophisticated and complex laser sources that limit quantum technologies to the laboratory. In contrast, GaN laser diode technology has the potential to provide a compact, rugged and reliable solutions, suitable for commercialisation. We report our latest results of GaN laser diodes suitable for both cold-atom interferometry and quantum communications.
Sequential Kinking and Flared Energy-Absorbing End Terminals for Midwest Guardrail System (2005)

The Midwest guardrail system (MGS), developed at the Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, was designed to improve the performance of traditional strong-post, W-beam guardrail systems. These improvements include decreasing the potential for rollover with high center-of-gravity vehicles, decreasing the potential for rail rupture at the splice locations, and decreasing the sensitivity of the system to the installation rail height. However, safe guardrail termination options for the MGS must be developed before the system can be implemented on the roadside. Two end terminal designs, the sequential kinking terminal (SKT) and the flared energy-absorbing terminal (FLEAT), were partially redesigned and crash tested in conjunction with the MGS according to NCHRP Report 350 criteria. The new versions of the terminals were named the SKT-MGS and the FLEAT-MGS to designate them for use with the MGS. To evaluate the performance of the terminals with the MGS, a series of four full-scale crash tests was conducted: two redirection tests, NCHRP Report 350 Test Designations 3–34 and 3–35, and two head-on impacts, Test Designations 3–30 and 3–31. The results from the four crash tests were found to meet all relevant safety requirements. The SKT-MGS and FLEAT-MGS end terminals are the first successfully tested end terminals for use with the MGS.
Efficacy of Biofilm Disrupters Against Candida auris and Other Candida species (2020)

ABSTRACT Background C. auris has become a globally emerging fungal pathogen, frequently reported to be multi-drug resistant, commonly found with Staphylococcus aureus in polymicrobial nosocomial infections. Although chlorhexidine (CHD) has been shown to be effective, it is associated with serious anaphylaxis reactions. Biofilm disrupters (BDs) are novel agents with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. BDs have been used in the management of chronic wounds and to sterilize environmental surfaces. The goal of this study was to evaluate BDs against polymicrobial biofilms compared to CHD. Methodology We evaluated various BDs (BlastX, Torrent, NSSD) and CHD against Candida spp and S. aureus polymicrobial biofilms by zone of inhibition, biofilm, and time-kill assays. Effectiveness was based on the inhibition zone and the reduction of CFU, respectively, compared to the drug-free control. Results All BDs and CHD inhibited C. auris growth effectively in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, CHD and the BDs all showed excellent antimicrobial activity against polymicrobial biofilms. BDs were all highly effective against both C. auris isolates, whereas CHD was only moderately effective against C. auris 0386, suggesting resistance/tolerance. A comparative analysis of the BDs and CHD against C. auris and C. albicans by biofilm kill-curves showed at least 99.999% killing. Conclusions All three BDs and CHD have excellent activity against different Candida species, including C. auris . However, certain isolates of C. auris showed resistance/tolerance to CHD, but not to the BDs. The fungicidal activity of these novel agents will be valuable in eradicating surface colonization of Candida spp , including C. auris .
Intracoronary Administration of Cardiac Progenitor Cells Alleviates Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Rats With a 30-Day-Old Infarction (2010)

Intracoronary administration of CPCs in the setting of an old MI produces beneficial structural and functional effects. Although exogenous CPCs can differentiate into new cardiac cells, this mechanism is not sufficient to explain the benefits, which suggests paracrine effects; among these, the present data identify activation of endogenous CPCs. This is the first report that CPCs are beneficial in the setting of an old MI when given by intracoronary infusion, the most widely applicable therapeutic approach in patients. Furthermore, this is the first evidence that exogenous CPC administration activates endogenous CPCs. These results open the door to new therapeutic applications for the use of autologous CPCs in patients with old MI and chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Abstract 12420: Interleukin-38 Inhibits Nod-Like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasomes to Suppress Aortic Valve Calcification (2021)

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is common in the elderly. Progressive valvular calcification is a characteristic pathobiology in CAVD, and chronic valvular inflammation is known to promote CAVD progression. Matrilin-2 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein. Soluble matrilin-2 can function as a damage - associated molecular pattern to induce the inflammatory and osteogenic responses in aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs). Interleukin-38 (IL-38) is a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine. Lower IL-38 levels are associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent studies found that IL-38 limits skin inflammation and nephritis by reducing the inflammatory activity of immune cells. We hypothesized that IL-38 is capable of suppressing AVIC osteogenic activity. Methods and Results: We performed immunoblotting and ELISA to assess IL-38 protein levels in AVICs isolated from normal human aortic valves (normal AVICs) and diseased human aortic valves (diseased AVICs). Diseased AVICs had lower levels of IL-38 compared to normal AVICs. Interestingly, recombinant IL-38 inhibited spontaneous deposition of calcium in diseased AVICs. To determine the effect of recombinant IL-38 on AVIC osteogenic response to soluble matrilin-2, we treated normal AVICs with recombinant IL-38 (0, 1, 5 and 10 ng/ml) prior to an exposure to matrilin-2 for 24-72 hour. IL-38 at 10 ng/ml markedly reduced the expression of RUNX-2 and ALP in normal AVICs exposed to matrilin-2. Further, IL-38 suppressed calcium deposition in normal AVICs exposed to matrilin-2 for a prolonged period. Knockdown of IL-38 by shRNA enhanced the osteogenic responses and exaggerated the calcification deposit formation in normal AVICs exposed to matrilin-2. The anti-osteogenic effect of IL-38 is associated with down-regulation of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, and inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasomes also suppresses the osteogenic activity in normal AVICs exposed to matrilin-2. Conclusions: IL-38 suppresses the osteogenic activity in human AVICs by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasomes. The novel findings of this study suggest that IL-38 may have therapeutic potential for prevention of CAVD progression.
Copper interconnections and antennas fabricated by hot-pressing printed copper formate (2017)

We present a novel process to fabricate conductive patterns by a new copper precursor ink. In this method, an ink with copper formate, a self-reducible copper precursor, is printed, and subsequently heated under high pressure in a hot-press, which is commonly used in the printed circuit board industry. The heating leads to decomposition of the precursor, and results in copper patterns with good electrical conductivity. The application of pressure enables the formation of a dense copper film. 5–15 μm thick copper patterns were obtained on FR4 sheets with an equivalent specific resistivity as low as 5.3 ± 0.3 μΩ cm, which is about three times the copper bulk resistivity. Unlike most methods for copper precursor inks, this ink and process do not require an inert environment, and can be performed with instrumentation already used in the industry. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of this method by printing functional radio frequency components; i.e. antennas for near field communication and Wi-Fi.
Large-scale fabrication of micro-lens array by novel end-fly-cutting-servo diamond machining (2015)

Fast/slow tool servo (FTS/STS) diamond turning is a very promising technique for the generation of micro-lens array (MLA). However, it is still a challenge to process MLA in large scale due to certain inherent limitations of this technique. In the present study, a novel ultra-precision diamond cutting method, as the end-fly-cutting-servo (EFCS) system, is adopted and investigated for large-scale generation of MLA. After a detailed discussion of the characteristic advantages for processing MLA, the optimal toolpath generation strategy for the EFCS is developed with consideration of the geometry and installation pose of the diamond tool. A typical aspheric MLA over a large area is experimentally fabricated, and the resulting form accuracy, surface micro-topography and machining efficiency are critically investigated. The result indicates that the MLA with homogeneous quality over the whole area is obtained. Besides, high machining efficiency, extremely small volume of control points for the toolpath, and optimal usage of system dynamics of the machine tool during the whole cutting can be simultaneously achieved.
Dimethyl 1,3-Acetonedicarboxylate (2001)

(1; R = Me) [1830-54-2] C7H10O5 (MW 174.15) InChI = 1S/C7H10O5/c1-11-6(9)3-5(8)4-7(10)12-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3 InChIKey = RNJOKCPFLQMDEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2; R = Et) [105-50-0] C9H14O5 (MW 202.21) InChI = 1S/C9H14O5/c1-3-13-8(11)5-7(10)6-9(12)14-4-2/h3-6H2,1-2H3 InChIKey = ZSANYRMTSBBUCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3; R = H) [542-05-2] C5H6O5 (MW 146.10) InChI = 1S/C5H6O5/c6-3(1-4(7)8)2-5(9)10/h1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10) InChIKey = OXTNCQMOKLOUAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (acidic β-keto esters, which undergo 2∶1 condensations with α-dicarbonyl compounds to form bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-diones;1-6 Robinson–Schöpf condensation to form piperidones;7 α,α- and α,α′-dialkylation with 1,n-dibromoalkanes; aldol and Claisen condensations with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds;13 various heterocyclizations with nitriles and aldehydes;16 α,α′-aldol annulations with 1,2-enedials, producing tropone derivatives22) Physical Data: (1) bp 150 °C/25 mmHg; d 1.185 g cm−3. (2) bp 250 °C/760 mmHg; bp 140 °C/12 mmHg; d 1.113 g cm−3. (3) decomposes upon heating. Solubility: sol ethanol, methanol. Form Supplied in: colorless liquid. Purification: distillation at reduced pressure. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: can be stored in the refrigerator. Does not appear to be toxic.
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy of algae: Composition analysis and fluorescence background behavior (2009)

Preliminary feasibility studies were performed using Stokes Raman scattering for compositional analysis of algae. Two algal species, Chlorella sorokiniana (UTEX #1230) and Neochloris oleoabundans (UTEX #1185), were chosen for this study. Both species were considered to be candidates for biofuel production. Raman signals due to storage lipids (specifically triglycerides) were clearly identified in the nitrogen-starved C. sorokiniana and N. oleoabundans, but not in their healthy counterparts. On the other hand, signals resulting from the carotenoids were found to be present in all of the samples. Composition mapping was conducted in which Raman spectra were acquired from a dense sequence of locations over a small region of interest. The spectra obtained for the mapping images were filtered for the wavelengths of characteristic peaks that correspond to components of interest (i.e., triglyceride or carotenoid). The locations of the components of interest could be identified by the high intensity areas in the composition maps. Finally, the time evolution of fluorescence background was observed while acquiring Raman signals from the algae. The time dependence of fluorescence background is characterized by a general power law decay interrupted by sudden high intensity fluorescence events. The decreasing trend is likely a result of photo-bleaching of cell pigments due to prolonged intense laser exposure, while the sudden high intensity fluorescence events are not understood.
Storing and using objects in a relational database (1996)

In today's heterogeneous development environments, application programmers have the responsibility to segment their application data and to store those data in different types of stores. That means relational data will be stored in RDBMSs (relational database management systems), C++ objects in OODBMSs (object-oriented database management systems), SOM (System Object Model) objects in OMG (Object Management Group) persistent stores, and OpenDoc™ or OLE™ (Object Linking and Embedding) compound documents in document files. In addition, application programmers must deal with multiple server systems with different query languages as well as large amounts of heterogeneous data. This paper describes SMRC (shared memory-resident cache), an RDBMS extender that provides the ability to store objects created in external type systems like C++ or SOM in a relational database, coresident with existing relational or other heterogeneous data. Using SMRC, applications can store and retrieve objects via SQL (structured query language), and invoke methods on the objects, without requiring any modifications to the original object definitions. Furthermore, the stored objects fully participate in all the characteristic features of the underlying relational database, e.g., transactions, backup, and authorization. SMRC is implemented on top of IBM's DB2® Common Server for AIX® relational database system and heavily exploits the DB2 user-defined types (UDTs), user-defined functions (UDFs), and large objects (LOBs) technology. In this paper, the C++ type system is used as a sample external type system to exemplify the SMRC approach, i.e., storing C++ objects in relational databases. Similar efforts are required for SOM or OLE objects.
17.5L: Late‐News Paper : Projector Flux from Color Primaries (2009)

Abstract A standard methodology exists for estimating the flux from front projection displays by sampling the projected illuminance of a white source signal. with the advent and use of white projection primaries, a dramatic increase in flux can be achieved over the combination of red, green, and blue primaries alone. However, saturated‐color areas in an image are constrained to low flux levels relative to the display maximum and further undergo a perceptual compression in relative lightness when a white primary is used. As a result, bright saturated colors cannot be rendered accurately and the appearance of full‐color imagery is distorted. Due to these problems, the display of color‐accurate imagery does not generally use the white primary. We verify a measurement method that fills the need for providing an equivalent flux measurement that will better describe the performance of all RGB and RGBW projectors when they render full‐color imagery.
Energetics of Cation-Olefin Addition in the Gas Phase and in Solution (1997)

The cation-olefin addition of 2-methyl-2-propyl cation and 2-methylpropene has been investigated in the gas phase and in solution with ab initio calculations and Monte Carlo statistical mechanics simulations. The reaction is exothermic by ca. 20 kcal/mol and proceeds without activation energy in the gas phase. However, solvation introduces a 3-4 kcal/mol barrier at a C-C separation near 5 Å in methylene chloride, THF, and methanol. An intermediate in a shallow energy well is found near 3-Å separation. Implications for sterol biosynthesis are discussed.
A Comparison Of Soft And Hard Decision-Directed Feedforward Phase Estimators (2006)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Florence, Italy, 2006
Endogenous Retinoid X Receptors Can Function as Hormone Receptors in Pituitary Cells (1994)

Retinoids regulate gene transcription by interacting with both retinoic acid (RA) receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Since unliganded RXRs can act as heterodimerization partners for RARs and other nuclear hormone receptors, it is unclear whether ligand binding by RXRs actually regulates the expression of naturally occurring genes. To address this issue, we synthesized the RXR-selective retinoid SR11237 and confirmed its specificity in transient transfection and proteolytic susceptibility assays before using it to assess the contribution of ligand-activated RXRs to retinoid action. Unlike RAR ligands, SR11237 did not increase endogenous RAR beta mRNA levels in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells, even though it activated transcription of an RXR-responsive reporter gene in these cells. Thus, it is likely that RARs mediate the induction of RAR beta gene expression by RA. In contrast, the RXR-specific ligand induced rat growth hormone mRNA in GH3 pituitary cells, indicating that the effects of RA on growth hormone gene expression at least in part involve ligand binding to endogenous RXRs in vivo. Our results indicate that in addition to serving as cofactors for other nuclear hormone receptors, endogenous RXRs can function as ligand-dependent regulators of gene expression, i.e., classical nuclear hormone receptors.
Mapping nanoscale elasticity and dissipation using dual frequency contact resonance AFM (2011)

We report on a technique that simultaneously quantifies the contact stiffness and dissipation of an AFM cantilever in contact with a surface, which can ultimately be used for quantitative nanomechanical characterization of surfaces. The method is based on measuring the contact resonance frequency using dual AC resonance tracking (DART), where the amplitude and phase of the cantilever response are monitored at two frequencies on either side of the contact resonance. By modelling the tip-sample contact as a driven damped harmonic oscillator, the four measured quantities (two amplitudes and two phases) allow the four model parameters, namely, drive amplitude, drive phase, resonance frequency and quality factor, to be calculated. These mechanical parameters can in turn be used to make quantitative statements about localized sample properties. We apply the method to study the electromechanical coupling coefficients in ferroelectric materials and the storage and loss moduli in viscoelastic materials.
White-light generation through ultraviolet-emitting diode and white-emitting phosphor (2004)

White-light-emitting diodes are fabricated by using 375nm emitting InGaN chip with Sr3MgSi2O8:Eu2+ (blue and yellow) or Sr3MgSi2O8:Eu2+, Mn2+ (blue, yellow, and red). At a color temperature of 5892K, the color coordinates are x=0.32, y=0.33, and the color rendering index is 84%; at a color temperature of 4494K, the color coordinates are x=0.35, y=0.33, and the color rendering index is 92%. The blue (470nm) and yellow (570nm) emission bands are originated from Eu2+ ions, while the red (680) emission band is originated from Mn2+ ions in Sr3MgSi2O8 host. The energy transfer among three bands occurs due to the spectral overlap between emission and absorption bands. It is confirmed by the faster decay time of the energy donor. Our white-light-emitting diodes show higher color reproducibility, higher color stability on forward-bias current, and excellent color rendering index in comparison with a commercial YAG:Ce3+-based white-light-emitting diode.
HIPERLAN, applications and requirements (2003)

This paper traces the origins and applications of HIPERLAN, a system for high speed short range radio networks for computers. HIPERLAN, HIgh Performance European Radio LAN, is the name given by the European Telecommunications Institute (ETSI) to the standard it is developing on the subject. The paper also looks at the projected applications of HIPERLAN and closes with a summary of the main operational characteristics and architecture of HIPERLAN.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Protein Interaction Network Biology in Neuroscience (2020)

Mapping the intricate networks of cellular proteins in the human brain has the potential to address unsolved questions in molecular neuroscience, including the molecular basis of cognition, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, learning, and memory. Perturbations to the protein-protein interaction networks (PPIN) present in neurons, glia, and other cell-types have been linked to multifactorial neurological disorders. Yet while knowledge of brain PPINs is steadily improving, the complexity and dynamic nature of the heterogeneous central nervous system in normal and disease contexts poses a formidable experimental challenge. In this review, the recent applications of functional proteomics and systems biology approaches to study PPINs central to normal neuronal function, during neurodevelopment, and in neurodegenerative disorders are summarized. How systematic PPIN analysis offers a unique mechanistic framework to explore intra- and inter-cellular functional modules governing neuronal activity and brain function is also discussed. Finally, future technological advancements needed to address outstanding questions facing neuroscience are outlined.
Charge Transport in Liquid Helium at Low Temperatures (2006)

In an experiment to investigate the possibility of using superfluid helium as a detection medium for low energy solar neutrinos, we have studied the currents produced by a radioactive source in a helium cell having a liquid/vacuum interface at 50 mK. A number of phenomena have been observed that appear not to have been described in the literature. These include the following: 1) The current at very low voltages in a cell having a free surface can be 100 times greater than in a filled cell. This additional current is associated with Penning ionization of metastable triplet dimers in surface states. 2) There is a large amplification of current in modest electric fields with a free surface present in the cell. This is the result of charges accelerated across the vacuum having sufficient energy to produce ionization and additional free charges upon hitting a liquid surface. The amplification becomes sufficiently large that breakdown occurs at potential differences across the vacuum of less than 1000 V. The dependence on 3He concentration of these phenomena has been studied.