gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF SERIAL 18FDG‐PET/CT TO ASSESS RESPONSE TO TOCERANIB PHOSPHATE THERAPY IN CANINE CANCER (2012)

Palladia(TM) (toceranib phosphate-Pfizer Animal Health) is a novel orally administered receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for treatment of canine mast cell tumors. Receptor tyrosine kinase dysregulation leads to tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Toceranib's targets include vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-2/Flk-1/KDR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and kit. Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) is used commonly to diagnose, prognosticate, and monitor response to antineoplastic therapy in human patients. In this study, serial PET/CT imaging with (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18) FDG) was used to assess response to toceranib therapy in dogs with measurable solid malignancies. Six tumor-bearing dogs underwent tumor assessment using both standard RECIST criteria and PET/CT prior to and at a median of 5 weeks postinitiation of toceranib treatment. Toceranib was prescribed initially at a target dose 3.25 mg/kg PO q48 h, with subsequent modifications based on observed toxicity. Treatment was continued in patients achieving stable disease with acceptable drug tolerance. One dog was maintained on drug despite dose modification due to toxicity; measurable clinical and image-based responses were seen after 10 weeks of therapy. All others had stable or progressive disease based on clinical restaging and PET/CT at first recheck. . Due to discordance with anatomic and metabolic imaging, further studies are needed to investigate the role of molecular imaging in assessment of drug response and identify other potential molecular targets of toceranib.
<title>Radiation hardness of periodic structures and related optoelectronic components</title> (1995)

A brief review and discussion of ongoing research on radiation effects in key optoelectronic-photonic waveguide and periodic structures is presented. The review focuses on optoelectronic components composed of III-V and II-VI materials that are currently of interest in space applications. Reported and predicted radiation-induced responses in acousto-optic modulators, optical waveguide couplers, distributed Bragg reflectors, and organic materials are discussed.
Effects of material strength levels and nugget sizes on fatigue behaviour of resistance spot welded steel sheets (2019)

Tensile–shear test blanks were fabricated using high strength and low carbon steel sheets with three diﬀerent strength levels by a resistance spot welding (RSW) procedure. The nugget sizes were changed by controlling the welding process parameters, resulting in the nugget sizes of 3√t, 4√t and 4.7√t, where it was the sheet thickness. Subsequently, tensile-shear static and fatigue tests were conducted to investigate the eﬀects of strength levels of steels and nugget sizes on the mechanical properties of the welds. The tensile strength increased with increasing strength levels and nugget sizes. However, the fatigue strengths of the welds with the nugget sizes of 4√t and 4.7√t were nearly comparable irrespective of the strength levels of steels. That was because fatigue crack propagation life was dominant in the total fatigue life. In the welds with 3√t nugget size, the steel with higher strength level exhibited lower fatigue strength. It could be attributed to the lower bonding strength along the corona bond in the high-strength steel.
Thermo-optical sensitivity analysis in photonic crystal circuits based on semiconducting or metallic metamaterial constituents (2006)

We introduce a novel analysis technique for predicting thermo-optical sensitivities in photonic crystal (PC) circuits composed of either dielectric-semiconducting or metallic constituents. The proposed numerical analysis is based on a hybrid formalism of the scattering matrix technique combined with the adjoint network method. The proposed computational scheme can, with modest computational resources, predict with high accuracy, the effect of the temperature fluctuations to the light-wave propagation in PCs. Numerical simulations show that PC circuits based on metallic metamaterial platforms are significantly less sensitive to temperature variations than the usual dielectricor semiconducting PCs.
Complete Genome Sequence of “Vulcanisaeta moutnovskia” Strain 768-28, a Novel Member of the Hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeal Genus Vulcanisaeta (2011)

Strain 768-28 was isolated from a hot spring in Kamchatka, Russia, and represents a novel member of the Vulcanisaeta genus. The complete genome sequence of this thermoacidophilic anaerobic crenarchaeon reveals genes for protein and carbohydrate-active enzymes, the Embden-Meyerhof and Entner-Doudoroff pathways for glucose metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, and sulfate reduction.
IN VITRO MODELING OF HUMAN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE SMOKE EXPOSURE: ENHANCED INFLAMMATION AND IMPAIRED FUNCTION (2008)

Pulmonary macrophages (MØs) are essential for clearance of inhaled particles, innate immunity, and lung tissue maintenance. However, the products of activated MØs have also been implicated in inflammation and tissue destruction, including in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Primary human alveolar macrophages (AMs) are available in limited numbers via bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or sputum induction, and BAL macrophages are not commonly available to all researchers. A readily available, plentiful, but representative surrogate for AMs would advance understanding of the contribution of macrophages to lung pathophysiology. Herein the authors describe a method for the in vitro derivation of AM-like cells using primary human peripheral blood monocytes differentiated in suspension with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The method produces a cell population with a consistent and stable phenotype. Flow cytometry reveals that GM-CSF-derived macrophages (GM-MØs) express lineage markers, immunoglobulin gamma (Fc gamma) receptors, adhesion molecules, antigen presentation coreceptors, and scavenger receptors akin to AMs. Functionally, cigarette smoke activates extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, enhances interleukin 8 (IL8) production from GM-MØs and inhibits phagocytosis, phenotypes previously described for smokers' AMs. Global transcriptional profiling revealed significant overlap in regulated genes between smokers' AMs and GM-MØs treated with cigarette smoke preparations in vitro.
Speech Translation Enhanced ASR for European Parliament Speeches - On the Influence of ASR Performance on Speech Translation (2007)

In this paper we describe our work in coupling automatic speech recognition (ASR) and machine translation (MT) in a speech translation enhanced automatic speech recognition (STE-ASR) framework for transcribing and translating European parliament speeches. We demonstrate the influence of the quality of the ASR component on the MT performance, by comparing a series of WERs with the corresponding automatic translation scores. By porting an STE-ASR framework to the task at hand, we show how the word errors for transcribing English and Spanish speeches can be lowered by 3.0% and 4.8% relative, respectively.
The effect of age on postural and cognitive task performance while using vibrotactile feedback (2015)

Vibrotactile feedback (VTF) has been shown to improve balance performance in healthy people and people with vestibular disorders in a single-task experimental condition. It is unclear how age-related changes in balance affect the ability to use VTF and if there are different attentional requirements for old and young adults when using VTF. Twenty younger and 20 older subjects participated in this two-visit study to examine the effect of age, VTF, sensory condition, cognitive task, duration of time, and visit on postural and cognitive performance. Postural performance outcome measures included root mean square of center of pressure (COP) and trunk tilt, and cognitive performance was assessed using the reaction time (RT) from an auditory choice RT task. The results showed that compared with younger adults, older adults had an increase in COP in fixed platform conditions when using VTF, although they were able to reduce COP during sway-referenced platform conditions. Older adults also did not benefit fully from using VTF in their first session. The RTs for the secondary cognitive tasks increased significantly while using the VTF in both younger and older adults. Older adults had a larger increase compared with younger adults, suggesting that greater attentional demands were required in older adults when using VTF information. Future training protocols for VTF should take into consideration the effect of aging.
The Effect of a Bile Acid Sequestrant on Glucose Metabolism in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (2012)

We designed an experiment to examine the effect of bile acid sequestration with Colesevelam on fasting and postprandial glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes. To do so, we tested the hypothesis that Colesevelam increases the disposition index (DI), and this increase is associated with increased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations. Thirty-eight subjects on metformin monotherapy were studied using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design. Subjects were studied before and after 12 weeks of Colesevelam or placebo using a labeled triple-tracer mixed meal to measure the rate of meal appearance (Meal Ra), endogenous glucose production (EGP), and glucose disappearance (Rd). Insulin sensitivity and β-cell responsivity indices were estimated using the oral minimal model and then used to calculate DI. Therapy with Colesevelam was associated with a decrease in fasting (7.0 ± 0.2 vs. 6.6 ± 0.2 mmol/L; P = 0.004) and postprandial glucose concentrations (3,145 ± 138 vs. 2,896 ± 127 mmol/6 h; P = 0.01) in the absence of a change in insulin concentrations. Minimal model-derived indices of insulin secretion and action were unchanged. Postprandial GLP-1 concentrations were not altered by Colesevelam. Although EGP and Rd were unchanged, integrated Meal Ra was decreased by Colesevelam (5,191 ± 204 vs. 5,817 ± 204 μmol/kg/6 h; P = 0.04), suggesting increased splanchnic sequestration of meal-derived glucose.
Rational Design of Dual Agonist-Antibody Fusions as Long-acting Therapeutic Hormones (2016)

Recent studies have suggested that modulation of two or more signaling pathways can achieve substantial weight loss and glycemic stability. We have developed an approach to the generation of bifunctional antibody agonists that activate leptin receptor and GLP-1 receptor. Leptin was fused into the complementarity determining region 3 loop of the light chain alone, or in combination with exendin-4 (EX4) fused at the N-terminus of the heavy chain of Herceptin. The antibody fusions exhibit similar or increased in vitro activities on their cognate receptors, but 50-100-fold longer circulating half-lives in rodents compared to the corresponding native peptides/proteins. The efficacy of the leptin/EX4 dual antibody fusion on weight loss, especially fat mass loss, was enhanced in ob/ob mice and DIO mice compared to the antibody fusion of either EX4 or leptin alone. This work demonstrates the versatility of this combinatorial fusion strategy for generating dual antibody agonists with long half-lives.
METHODS OF OBTAINING INFORMATION ABOUTTHE THREE-DIMENSIONAL SCENE TO SOLVE PROBLEMSOF DETERMINING THE SPATIAL POSITION OF OBJECTSWITH A REGULAR STRUCTURE (2022)

In this paper the basic methods of determining the coordinates of cylindrical objects to controlthe geometric parameters of an object with a regular structure are considered. Predominantlythe considered methods are used in determining the parameters of fuel rods (installations) of fuelassemblies at a nuclear power plant. The purpose of this work is to analyze the existing methodsfor determining the geometric parameters of objects with regular structure. To achieve this goal, itis necessary to solve the following problem - to compare and conduct a study of existing methodsfor determining the geometric position of objects with a regular structure and to identify their measurement based on a particular method. Comparative analysis included a description of existingcontact and non-contact methods (measurements of linear dimensions of three-dimensionalobjects, measurements of geometric parameters of an object in space and a device for its implementationand three different methods of controlling linear dimensions of three-dimensional objectsby three Cartesian coordinates). The following tool was used for the determination - the objectunder study was photographed by one video camera on a radiation-resistant CCD from twodefined points in space. The image points of the object were identified on the obtained images.Then, using the data on atomic rector dimensions and video camera parameters, we calculated thespatial coordinates of the object points in the object coordinate system and the elements of externalorientation of the images. The approximate values of the unknowns needed to solve the problemwere determined in advance, using the methods known in photogrammetry. The analysisshowed that the most effective are non-contact methods based on processing images of the sceneformed by video cameras based on mosaic photodetectors. Thus, measuring systems based ontelevision sensors (video cameras) are the most expedient for measuring the height difference ofan ordered sequence of cylindrical objects. The considered mathematical model has allowed todefine a methodical error of measurement of geometrical parameters by reconstruction of a threedimensionalscene on a series of images in conditions of the non-contact definition, caused byimperfection of the defined measuring method or the simplifications admitted at measurements.On the basis of the obtained data, it is possible to determine the center of gravity of the fuel assemblyhead, for which the methodological error is minimal, and, accordingly, to take it as a basis,relative to which to calculate the height difference of all steel heads of fuel assembly.
Microstructure-Dependent Nucleation in Atomic Layer Deposition of Pt on TiO2 (2011)

The effects of TiO2 microstructure on Pt nucleation and on formation of continuous ultrathin Pt films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) were investigated. Pt was deposited by a metalorganic Pt precursor ((methylcyclopentadienyl)trimethylplatinum) and air as a counter reactant on in situ grown ALD TiO2 surfaces. For the same number of Pt ALD cycles, the Pt surface coverage was found to depend on the thickness of the underlying TiO2. From X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, it was found that the amorphous microstructure of as-deposited TiO2 transforms into anatase microstructure because of an annealing effect at the elevated Pt ALD temperature, and that this effect is a function of TiO2 thickness. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that continuous growth of ALD Pt occurs on anatase TiO2 whereas island growth occurs on amorphous TiO2. These results indicate that Pt nucleation is significantly affected by the microstructure of TiO2. Effects beyond surface hydrophilicity, such as a catalytic effect, are needed to explain the different nucleation properties of ALD Pt on TiO2. These results provide insight into initial growth during metal ALD and the effects of surface structural properties on ALD nucleation.
Adaptation and Recommendation in Modern Web 2.0 Portals (2011)

In this paper, we propose a generic recommender framework that allows transparently integrating different recommender engines into a Portal. The framework comes with a number of preinstalled recommender engines and can be extended by adding further such components. Recommendations are computed by each engine and then transparently merged. This ensures that neither the Portal vendor, nor the Portal operator, nor the user is burdened with choosing an appropriate engine and still high quality recommendations can be made. Furthermore we present means to automatically adapt the Portal system to better suit users needs.
Preclinical Development of a Neutral, Estrogen Receptor–Targeted, Tridentate99mTc(I)-Estradiol-Pyridin-2-yl Hydrazine Derivative for Imaging of Breast and Endometrial Cancers (2008)

We have characterized a novel neutral tridentate 99mTc(I)-estradiol-pyridin-2-yl hydrazine derivative for potential use in breast and endometrial cancer imaging. This study represents the first step on a path toward the design of estrogen-based Tc-labeled tracers with improved targeting and SPECT imaging characteristics.
Surgical Exposure of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine (2000)

Learning Objectives:After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the indications, techniques and potential complications of ventral cervicothoracic approaches. 2. Recall the indications, techniques and potential complications of transthoracic approaches. 3. Describe the indications, techniques and potential complications of retroperitoneal approaches to the thoracolumbar and sacral spine.
Synthesis of N9‐ and N7‐[2‐Hydroxy‐3‐(phosphonomethoxy)propyl] Derivatives of N6‐Substituted Adenines, 2,6‐Diaminopurines and Related Compounds. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Vertical Oriented Lamellar Formation of Fluorine- and Silicon-containing Block Copolymers without Neutral Layers (2015)

We have demonstrated the synthesis and morphology chracterization of fluorine-containing PMAPOSS based block copolymers, PMAPOSS-b-PTFEMAs. The resulting block copolymers show the formation of lamellar structures in a bulk. Upon thermal annealing, the vertical oriented lamellar structures are formed by the surface segregation and microphase separation in the thin films on a variety of substrates. Very short annealing time only for one minute under an air atmosphere is also benefit for manufcturing processes. The excellent self-assembling characetristics, good etch selectivity between the blocks, and vertical orientation ability of lamellar structures make the PMAPOSS-b-PTFEMAs an ideal candidate for block copolymer lithography.
Rate-Integrating Gyroscope Operation in The Non-Linear Regime (2022)

In Coriolis vibratory Rate-Integrating Gyroscopes (RIG), a higher electrical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) provides an improved resolution for measuring the orientation of the oscillation pattern. Therefore, precession due to a smaller angular rotation can be detected by maximizing the vibration amplitude. On the other hand, the contribution of non-linear mechanisms to the resonator dynamics, the measurements, and the control grows in complexity with the oscillation amplitude. This paper studies the trade-offs between achieving a higher SNR through increasing the oscillation amplitude and the adverse effects of non-linear mechanisms in RIG. As part of our study, we derived analytical equations to demonstrate that by operating a RIG in the non-linear regime, electrostatically-induced amplitude-frequency coupling results in an angle-dependent anisoelasticity. Anisoelasticity was shown to reduce angular gain and introduce angle-dependent biases in measurements despite utilizing a quadrature control for suppressing ellipticity. We proposed a modified Whole Angle (WA) control, which utilizes a non-linear feedback loop to compensate for the amplitude-frequency coupling along the X and Y axes. By implementing the control with a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) Dual Foucault Pendulum (DFP) gyroscope, we were able to operate the RIG with a vibration amplitude equal to 15% of the capacitive gap size and reduce ellipticity by 100 times. The magnitude of control voltages for compensation of nonlinearity was shown to depend on the biasing voltages, which were intentionally applied for mode-matching. Based on our observations, we conjectured that impractically large control voltages coupled with phase drifts in electronics degrade the stability of RIG when operated in the non-linear regime. Our results highlight the limitations of feedback compensation methods in RIG and the need for fabrication of structurally symmetric micro-gyroscopes for high-resolution and high-accuracy angle measurements.
Fabrication of vertical Schottky barrier diodes on n-type freestanding AlN substrates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (2015)

Thick Si-doped AlN layers were homoepitaxially grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy on AlN(0001) seed substrates. Following the removal of the seed substrate, an n-type AlN substrate with a carrier concentration of 2.4 × 1014 cm−3 was obtained. Vertical Schottky barrier diodes were fabricated by depositing Ni/Au Schottky contacts on the N-polar surface of the substrate. High rectification with a turn-on voltage of approximately 2.2 V was observed. The ideality factor of the diode at room temperature was estimated to be ∼8. The reverse breakdown voltage, defined as the leakage current level of 10−3 A/cm2, ranged from 550 to 770 V.
Automated sea floor extraction from underwater video (2016)

Ocean floor mapping using video is a method to simply and cost-effectively record large areas of the seafloor. Obtaining visual and elevation models has noteworthy applications in search and recovery missions. Hazards to navigation are abundant and pose a significant threat to the safety, effectiveness, and speed of naval operations and commercial vessels. This project’s objective was to develop a workflow to automatically extract metadata from marine video and create image optical and elevation surface mosaics. Three developments made this possible. First, optical character recognition (OCR) by means of two-dimensional correlation, using a known character set, allowed for the capture of metadata from image files. Second, exploiting the image metadata (i.e., latitude, longitude, heading, camera angle, and depth readings) allowed for the determination of location and orientation of the image frame in mosaic. Image registration improved the accuracy of mosaicking. Finally, overlapping data allowed us to determine height information. A disparity map was created using the parallax from overlapping viewpoints of a given area and the relative height data was utilized to create a three-dimensional, textured elevation map.
Activation of tyrosine phosphorylation in human T cells via the CD2 pathway. Regulation by the CD45 tyrosine phosphatase. (1990)

In this study we compare the effect of CD3 and CD2 ligation on tyrosine kinase activation in human peripheral blood T cells. Using antiphosphotyrosine antibody to detect tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular substrates, we demonstrate that mAb stimulation of either CD3 or CD2 results in tyrosine phosphorylation of the TCR-zeta chain and 135- and 100-kDa proteins. However, differences are observed between CD3 and CD2 ligation; only the former results in rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of 72-, 65-, and 40-kDa substrates. Co-aggregation of CD2 and CD45, a tyrosine phosphatase, results in inhibition of intracellular calcium elevation and T cell proliferation. We demonstrate in this study that this manipulation also inhibits polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis and tyrosine phosphorylation of the 100-kDa substrate. The failure of tyrosine phosphorylation of the 100-kDa substrate is specific in that phosphorylation of the 135-kDa protein is not inhibited. Similar results are observed when CD2 and CD45 are independently cross-linked rather than co-aggregated. The observation that CD45 cross-linking alters tyrosine phosphorylation of T cell substrates and effects polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis is further evidence that tyrosine phosphorylation regulates early events in T cell activation including, perhaps, phospholipase C activity.