gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness and Safety of Mind-Body Modalities for Mental Health of Nurses in Hospital Setting: A Systematic Review (2021)

The mental health of nurses including burnout is an important issue. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate whether mind-body modalities improve burnout and other mental health aspects of nurses. A comprehensive search was conducted using six electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials using mind-body modalities on the mental health of nurses, up to January 2021, were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Seventeen studies were included in the review. Data on mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and yoga were available for burnout, and there was no evidence that multimodal resilience programs including MBIs statistically significantly improved burnout levels compared to no intervention or active control groups. However, one study reported that yoga could significantly improve emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, which are subscales of burnout, compared to usual care. In addition, the effects of MBIs, relaxation, yoga, and music on various mental health outcomes and stress-related symptoms have been reported. In conclusion, there was some evidence that yoga was helpful for improvement in burnout of nurses. However, due to the heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes of the studies included, further high-quality clinical trials are needed on this topic in the future.
Prediction of embryo implantation by machine learning based on ultrasound strain imaging (2019)

Because of the trend to postpone childbirth, the rate of couples dealing with infertility is rapidly increasing and approaching 20%. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) represents the only reproduction option in Europe for 2.5 million couples. However, its success rate remains below 30%. There is clear consensus on a major involvement of uterine contractions in IVF failure, especially during and after embryo transfer. Quantitative and non-invasive measurement of uterine (peristaltic) activity, combined with accurate interpretation and classification methods, can provide an important contribution towards improved IVF success rates. Therefore, this study investigates the use of machine learning for probabilistic classification of the uterine activity, as either favorable or adverse to embryo implantation. The results obtained in 16 patients undergoing an IVF cycle confirm the ability to predict successful embryo implantation by ultrasound uterine motion analysis combined with machine learning.
Reconstruction of the human cerebral cortex robust to white matter lesions: Method and validation (2013)

Cortical atrophy has been reported in a number of diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease, that are also associated with white matter (WM) lesions. However, most cortical reconstruction techniques do not account for these pathologies, thereby requiring additional processing to correct for the effect of WM lesions. In this work, we introduce CRUISE(+), an automated process for cortical reconstruction from magnetic resonance brain images with WM lesions. The process extends previously well validated methods to allow for multichannel input images and to accommodate for the presence of WM lesions. We provide new validation data and tools for measuring the accuracy of cortical reconstruction methods on healthy brains as well as brains with multiple sclerosis lesions. Using this data, we validate the accuracy of CRUISE(+) and compare it to another state-of-the-art cortical reconstruction tool. Our results demonstrate that CRUISE(+) has superior performance in the cortical regions near WM lesions, and similar performance in other regions.
Don't step on the Distribution's Tail (Investigating the impact of random fluctuations on efficient resource utilization) (2014)

It is sometimes assumed that the total amount of a resource being consumed is the key consideration when attempting to devise the most efficient management strategy. We explore a case in which the rate and timing of resource utilization are also susceptible to impact on performance and illustrate how bringing random fluctuations under control can help maximize efficiency in a simple client-server scenario. The role of selforganization and distributed control methods in achieving this goal is briefly discussed.
Spatial Potato Seed Piece Placement Monitoring System (1999)

Proper placement of potato seed pieces is important in realizing optimum yield and quality of the harvested crop. Correlation between spatial variations in yield, quality, seed spacing and field-soil attributes define opportunities to further optimize potato seed placement on spatially selective bases. A potato planter seed drop monitoring system, integrated with a global positioning system (GPS), was used to collect spatial seed drop data. Replicated seed placement plots were used to correlate seed drop monitor measurements with actual seed placement. Twenty acres of 6-in potato seed spacing produced the desired crop quality, but reduced yields to below desired returns. Statistical and artificial intelligence analysis procedures identified manageable correlation in spatial historical attribute parameters, including different seed drop rates, with potato yield and quality for entire fields.
IN CALCULATING THE THERMAL RADIATION OF TURBULENT FLOWS (1984)

In calculating the physical and chemical processes occurring in free jets and wakes with the decay of tangential disturbances, with a nonlinear dependence on the thermodynamic parameters, there arises the problem of taking correct account of the problem of turbulent mixing, which influences the structure of the concentration and temperature fields [1-3]. One of the most important manifestations of the flow turbulence is the delay in mixing to the molecular level, i.e., the retention of the individual characteristics (temperature, chemical composition, etc.) of the volume of material penetrating into the turbulized region for a finite interval of time. In [3], it was shown that the problem of taking turbulence into account in calculating the chemical-reaction rates in peripheral regions of turbulent jets may be successfully solved by direct modeling of the mixing delay. Such modeling may also be required in calculating the thermal radiation of a high-temperature jet issuing into a medium at a lower temperature and also in developing optical methods of turbulent-flow diagnostics. This is associated with the fact that finite volumes of unmixed hot gas penetrate from the potential core of the flow into the peripheral regions of the jet, with a certain probability. Neglecting this phenomenon may significantly affect estimates of the transverse dimensions of the jet with respect to the thermal radiation or the calculation of the brightness-temperature fields. Quantitative estimates are required for more definite assertions regarding the influence of the mixing delay on the thermal radiation. A corresponding method for numerical investigations will be constructed, following [3], on the basis of a two-parameter model of the turbulent viscosity. Numerous variations of the two-parameter model of turbulent viscosity (i.e., models in which the turbulent viscosity is determined by two characteristic parameters of the turbulence field) are based on the kinetic-energy balance equation of the pulsations, to which is added the differential equation determining the scale of the pulsations. The basis of the two-parameter model, its fundamental equations, and also some examples of its use may be found in [4], for example. Critical analysis of the principal modifications of the model based on a comparison of experimental and theoretical data may be found in [5]. So as to be specific, isobaric axisymmetric jets will be considered below. The socalled model of turbulent viscosity will be used for their calculation [5]. One of the advantages of this model is that, in selecting the empirical coefficients, much attention is given to the description of sections of the flow remote from the axis, which is important in calculating the radiation in peripheral regions of the jet. Within the framework of the model, the dissipation of the kinetic energy of the pulsations e is used as the function determining the characteristic scale of the pulsations. The turbulent viscosity is
Analysis of polarization properties of a mode-locked fiber laser gyroscope (1996)

We investigated the polarization characteristics of a mode-locked fiber laser gyroscope (MLPLG) formed with a Nd-doped fiber as an optical gain medium and a Sagnac loop mirror. The output pulse patterns and the polarization states were found to be determined by fiber birefringence in the different sections of the MLPLG. We describe the conditions for the MLPLG to operate with automatic reciprocity leading to the possibility of phase-error-free operation.
Multistability in the Kuramoto model with synaptic plasticity (2007)

We present a simplified phase model for neuronal dynamics with spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). For asymmetric, experimentally observed STDP we find multistability: a coexistence of a fully synchronized, a fully desynchronized, and a variety of cluster states in a wide enough range of the parameter space. We show that multistability can occur only for asymmetric STDP, and we study how the coexistence of synchronization and desynchronization and clustering depends on the distribution of the eigenfrequencies. We test the efficacy of the proposed method on the Kuramoto model which is, de facto, one of the sample models for a description of the phase dynamics in neuronal ensembles.
Hyperparathyroidism and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Deficiency in Mild, Moderate, and Severe Renal Failure* (1988)

It has been postulated that hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure results from hypocalcemia, occurring, in part, from phosphate retention and/or deficient 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] synthesis. However, many studies have failed to demonstrate hyperphosphatemia or low 1,25-(OH)2D levels in patients with mild renal failure. We measured creatinine clearance (CCr), fractional excretion of phosphorus (FEP), and serum phosphorus, ionized calcium, and plasma N-terminal PTH, and 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations in 21 normal subjects and 51 patients with renal failure. Patients with mild renal failure (Ccr, greater than 40 mL/min.1.73 m2) had normal mean serum phosphorus and ionized calcium and decreased mean 1,25-(OH)2D levels compared with those in normal subjects. In patients with moderate renal failure (CCr, 20-40), the mean ionized calcium level was normal, plasma PTH levels and FEP were elevated, and the decrement in 1,25-(OH)2D was more pronounced. The mean ionized calcium level was decreased only in the group of patients with severe renal failure (CCr, less than 20). The 1,25-(OH)2D values correlated positively with CCr and negatively with the log of plasma PTH and serum phosphorus concentrations. Log of plasma PTH correlated negatively with CCr and positively with FEP. The ionized calcium concentration correlated very weakly with CCr and the log of the plasma PTH level. These data demonstrate the presence of hyperparathyroidism, normocalcemia, and 1,25-(OH)2D deficiency in renal failure and are consistent with a role for 1,25-(OH)2D in the suppression of parathyroid activity through as yet unidentified mechanisms.
Growth of GaN and improvement of lattice curvature using symmetric hexagonal SiO 2 patterns in HVPE growth (2019)

Abstract We implemented facet and flattening (FF) growth via hydride vapor phase epitaxy, and applied hexagonal SiO 2 mask patterns to minimize the final threading dislocation density (TDD). We found that the FF growth technique with hexagonal masks significantly mitigates the lattice curvature. Following multiple growth steps, an isotropic curvature could be observed owing to the planar symmetry of the mask patterns; the radius of curvature was 55 m. Furthermore, TDD was significantly reduced to 6.8 × 10 5 cm −2 . These results indicate that the hexagonal mask technique is effective for improving both lattice curvature and crystalline quality of a GaN substrate.
Phase I/II study of MDV3100 in patients (pts) with progressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) (2008)

5006 Background: CRPC is characterized by persistent, high level androgen receptor (AR) expression and remains AR-dependent in model systems. MDV3100 is a novel small molecule AR antagonist selected for its ability to overcome resistance to conventional antiandrogens in the setting of increased AR expression. Unlike bicalutamide, MDV3100 inhibits AR function by blocking nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and has no agonist activity when AR is overexpressed. A first-in-man, multi-center Phase I/II dose-escalation study was started in July 2007 to assess safety and pharmacokinetics (PK), and to evaluate antitumor effects including changes in prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Methods: MDV3100 was administered orally, once daily, to pts with CRPC. Three pts were enrolled per dose-escalation cohort starting at 30 mg. Once the safety of a dose was established, enrollment was expanded for that dose beginning at the 60 mg cohort. Results: To date, a total of 39 pts have been enrolled. Tabular summary of enrolled pts is as follows: MDV3100 has been well-tolerated to date, with no significant adverse events. PK are linear with dose with a half-life of approximately one week. In the 30 mg cohort, 3 of 3 Pts had PSA declines of 44% to 87% from baseline for 19+ weeks, and at 60 mg, 3 of 3 pts declines of 74% to 96% for 14+ weeks. None of the 6 showed evidence of clinical or radiographic progression. Overall 13 of 14 Pts followed for 4+ weeks have had PSA declines. Conclusions: MDV3100, a rationally designed AR antagonist with a novel mechanism of action, has resulted in PSA reductions in a high proportion of evaluable pts. The drug has been well-tolerated to date and appears to be a promising candidate for the treatment of progressive CRPC. Pt accrual is ongoing. Cohort Number Chemotherapy- Naive Number Post- Chemotherapy Follow-up (Weeks) Status Dose Escalation 30 mg 3 0 19+ All on therapy 60 mg 3 0 14+ All on therapy 150 mg 2 1 8+ 2 of 3 on therapy 240 mg 3 0 2+ All on therapy Dose Expansion 60 mg 11 7 3+-6+ All on therapy 150 mg 3 6 2+-3+ All on therapy Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Medivation Medivation Medivation Medivation
Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Furanones via Aldol Reaction of 3‐Silyloxyfurans. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ANTIBODIES IN 200 PATIENTS AND INITIAL ATTEMPTS AT RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY (1988)

Historical Background The successful application of radiolabeled antibodies in diagnosis and therapy of human diseases is the final result of a long and intimate coop­ eration and collaboration between at least four scientific branches: immu­ nology, radiochemistry/biology, oncology, and nuclear medicine (Table 1/ Figure 1). Since Jenner made his great discovery of the protective action of vac­ cinia against smallpox, nearly two centuries have passed away. Jenner's recognition remained isolated until one hundred years later the work of Pasteur and Koch afforded the first basis on which the study of artificial immunity could again be undertaken. With Behring's and Kitasato's disco­ very, that in the blood serum of animals immunized against diphtheria and tetanus, there were contained antibodies which were able to specifically protect other animals against the toxins of these diseases (1), an entire­ ly new and extremely promising prospect of immunizing mankind against the majority of the infectious diseases was opened. Paul Ehrlich's famous Side-Chain Theory - first expounded to a larger audience on the occasion of the opening, in 1899, of the Institute for Experimental Therapeutics in Frankfurt/Main, his investigations on cytotoxic immunity, with the recognition of the two components concerned,
The role of TIGR and OPTN in Finnish glaucoma families: a clinical and molecular genetic study. (2003)

Our results give evidence that novel, unidentified genes will underlie POAG and exfoliation syndrome in the Finnish population.
Nanoscale Mapping of Morphology of Organic Thin Films (2020)

We determine precise nanoscale information about the morphologies of several organic thin film structures using Fourier plane imaging microscopy (FIM). We used FIM microscopy to detect the orientation of molecular transition dipole moments from an extremely low density of luminescent dye molecules, which we call "morphology sensors". The orientation of the sensor molecules is driven by the local film structure and thus can be used to determine details of the host morphology without influencing it. We use symmetric planar phosphorescent dye molecules as the sensors that are deposited into the bulk of organic film hosts during the growth. We demonstrate morphological mapping with a depth resolution to a few Ångstroms that is limited by the ability to determine thickness during deposition, along with an in-plane resolution limited by optical diffraction. Furthermore, we monitor morphological changes arising from thermal annealing of metastable organic films that are commonly employed in photonic devices.
Penile vibratory threshold changes with various doses of SS-cream in patients with primary premature ejaculation (2000)

SS-cream made with extracts from natural products is a topical agent for treating premature ejaculation (PE). In order to elucidate the penile vibratory threshold changes and clinical effects of various doses of SS-cream, 53 patients with primary PE were investigated in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. The mean age was 37.3 +/- 6.4 years and mean ejaculatory latency was 1.37 +/- 0.52 minutes. Neither the patients nor their sexual partners were satisfied with their sexual lives. Vibratory threshold at the glans penis, penile shaft, scrotum and index finger were measured using a biothesiometer twice during the screening period and three times one hour after the application of respective creams (SS-cream 0.05, 0.10. 0.15, 0.20 gm and placebo 0.10 gm) on the glans penis according to the order of the allocation table in a randomized fashion. The efficacy of SS-cream was defined as when the vibration threshold increased by more than 4 microns compared to the value tested during the screening period. The vibratory thresholds at the glans penis increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner after the application of various doses (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 gm) of SS-cream (p < 0.001), and the efficacy of SS-cream on the penile vibration threshold increased according to the increased dosage (penile shaft: 48.4, 51.6, 54.8, 64.5%, glans penis: 58.1, 67.7, 77.4, 83.9%, respectively). With these results, we concluded that SS-cream increased the penile sensory threshold dose dependently, and therefore it is clinically effective for treating the heightened penile sensory response in patients with PE.
Tunable second-order susceptibility gratings for harmonic generation in optical fibers (1988)

Growth of second harmonic (SH) from 1064-nm light in optical fibers up to final efficiencies of around 1 % has been observed by several workers.1-3 We believe we are the first2 to identify the mechanism for this unusual phenomenon in terms of an optically written defect grating in the fiber with a χ(2) modulated at the phase mismatch period between pump and SH light. The orientation of the χ(2) grating is determined by the periodically reversing internal dc field that arises via a third-order nonlinear interaction between pump and SH light.3
Cellular NH4+/K+ transport pathways in mouse medullary thick limb of Henle. Regulation by intracellular pH. (1992)

Fluorescence and electrophysiological methods were used to determine the effects of intracellular pH (pHi) on cellular NH4+/K+ transport pathways in the renal medullary thick ascending limb of Henle (MTAL) from CD1 mice. Studies were performed in suspensions of MTAL tubules (S-MTAL) and in isolated, perfused MTAL segments (IP-MTAL). Steady-state pHi measured using 2,7-biscarboxyethyl-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) averaged 7.42 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- SE) in S-MTAL and 7.26 +/- 0.04 in IP-MTAL. The intrinsic cellular buffering power of MTAL cells was 29.7 +/- 2.4 mM/pHi unit at pHi values between 7.0 and 7.6, but below a pHi of 7.0 the intrinsic buffering power increased linearly to approximately 50 mM/pHi unit at pHi 6.5. In IP-MTAL, NH4+ entered cells across apical membranes via both Ba(2+)-sensitive pathway and furosemide-sensitive Na+:K+(NH4+):2Cl- cotransport mechanisms. The K0.5 and maximal rate for combined apical entry were 0.5 mM and 83.3 mM/min, respectively. The apical Ba(2+)-sensitive cell conductance in IP-MTAL (Gc), which reflects the apical K+ conductance, was sensitive to pHi over a pHi range of 6.0-7.4 with an apparent K0.5 at pHi approximately 6.7. The rate of cellular NH4+ influx in IP-MTAL due to the apical Ba(2+)-sensitive NH4+ transport pathway was sensitive to reduction in cytosolic pH whether pHi was changed by acidifying the basolateral medium or by inhibition of the apical Na+:H+ exchanger with amiloride at a constant pHo of 7.4. The pHi sensitivities of Gc and apical, Ba(2+)-sensitive NH4+ influx in IP-MTAL were virtually identical. The pHi sensitivity of the Ba(2+)-sensitive NH4+ influx in S-MTAL when exposed to (apical+basolateral) NH4Cl was greater than that observed in IP-MTAL where NH4Cl was added only to apical membranes, suggesting an additional effect of intracellular NH4+/NH3 on NH4+ influx. NH4+ entry via apical Na+:K+ (NH4+):2Cl- cotransport in IP-MTAL was somewhat more sensitive to reductions in pHi than the Ba(2+)-sensitive NH4+ influx pathway; NH4+ entry decreased by 52.9 +/- 13.4% on reducing pHi from 7.31 +/- 0.17 to 6.82 +/- 0.14. These results suggest that pHi may provide a negative feedback signal for regulating the rate of apical NH4+ entry, and hence transcellular NH4+ transport, in the MTAL. A model incorporating these results is proposed which illustrates the role of both pHi and basolateral/intracellular NH4+/NH3 in regulating the rate of transcellular N H4+ transport in the MTAL.
Triplet photodynamic and up-conversion luminescence in donor–acceptor dyads with slip-stacked vs. co-facial arrangement (2022)

Engineering of donor–acceptor light-harvesting systems based on geometrical features: applications in energy transfer &amp; energy/photon upconversion.
Polarization Aberrations Of An Overhead Projector (1989)

Polarization aberrations are variations of the instrumental polarization associated with different ray paths through an optical system. The polarization aberrations of an overhead projector are easily observed with two large sheets of Polaroid. The form of these polarization aberrations are described as functions of object and pupil coordinate and are related to the polarizing properties of the lenses and mirrors. These polarization aberrations do not adversely affect the performance of an overhead projector, but they do provide an easy and effective demonstration of the concepts of instrumental polarization. Subject terms: polarization; polarization aberration; mirrors; retardance; diattenuation; Jones calculus.