gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Design of Equalization Digital On-Channel Repeater for Single Frequency Network ATSC System (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a guideline for designing an Equalization Digital On-Channel Repeater (EDOCR) and proposes an efficient method to implement it. The major concerns in the design of an EDOCR are shortening the system delay, maintaining synchronization between a main transmitter and an EDOCR, obtaining high signal to noise ratio (SNR) output, and enabling operation in an environment of adjacent channel interference. The short system delay is achieved adopting a demodulation scheme without an additional lowpass filter to remove harmonics, an intelligent slicer of a trellis decoder with a trace back depth of 1 for equalization, and an equi-ripple filter for the 8-VSB pulse shaping filter. To maintain the synchronization, the frequency offset information extracted from the received signal is reflected on a re-transmitting signal. Distinguished features of the EDOCR are adaptive equalization with the intelligent slicer which corrects symbol errors caused by on-air interface including the signal loopback, and the signal processing scheme which demodulates the received signal to a baseband symbol and re-modulates the symbol. Hence, the EDOCR can produce an exact replica of the main transmitter's signal with high SNR although there may be adjacent channels and input signal is distorted by multipath and noise. Finally, the performance evaluation of the designed EDOCR in both simulation and laboratory tests are presented and implementations of single frequency networks employing EDOCRs are discussed. </para>
Pulsed laser deposition system for producing oxide thin films at high temperature (2001)

A pulsed laser deposition system capable of raising substrate temperatures up to 1500 °C in oxygen atmosphere has been developed to grow oxide thin films with excellent crystalline quality. The high temperature is achieved by condensation onto a substrate of infrared light emitted from a halogen lamp through a SiO2 rod serving as an optical guide. Deposition temperatures are regulated ranging from 1500 to 150 °C, under a partial oxygen pressure from 100 to 5×10−6 Pa. An appropriate thermal insulation between the substrate holder and the surrounding components suppresses the heat flow inbetween, leading to a smooth rotation of the substrate holder and preventing the mechanical components from being oxidized. A high-precision five-axis alignment mechanism equipped with a substrate manipulator allows for the development of an application in coaxial impact-collision ion scattering spectroscopy. As a demonstrative experiment, highly oriented Ga2O3 films, which are useful as deep ultraviolet transparent semiconductors, have been deposited on an Al2O3 (0001) single crystal substrate at 1000 °C under an oxygen pressure of 5×10−5 Pa.
Glass Chemistry to Analyze Human Cells under Adverse Conditions (2019)

Emerging point-of-care diagnostic tests capable of analyzing whole mammalian cells often rely on the attachment of harvested cells to glass surfaces for subsequent molecular characterization. We set out to develop and optimize a kit for the diagnosis of lymphoma in low- and middle-income countries where access to advanced healthcare testing is often absent or prone to error. Here, we optimized a process for the lyophilization of neutravidin-coated glass and cocktails of antibodies relevant to lymphoma diagnosis to establish long-term stability of reagents required for point-of-care cell capture technology. Lyophilized glass slides showed no decline in their performance compared to freshly prepared neutravidin glass and preserved capture efficiency for 5 weeks under easily attainable storage conditions. We demonstrate the successful performance of the low-cost, lyophilized kit in a cell capture assay to enable true point-of-care analyses under adverse conditions. We anticipate that the strategy can be expanded to other cancer cell types or cell-derived vesicle analysis.
Relationship of Physical Activity, Bone Healthy Food Pattern and Cognition in Schoolaged Children – CogniDROP (2019)

Question: Preservation of bones, protecting organs and enabling movement, is essential especially in aging population. Foundation of bone health is built during childhood, influenced by lifestyle factors such as nutrition and physical activity. Bone was recently found to not only build skeleton but also to control extra-skeletal organs, in parts mediated by Osteocalcin. Latest studies found Osteocalcin influencing cognitive development and performance. We sought to analyze the possible effect of increased physical activity and bone healthy food pattern on cognition in schoolchildren as a secondary question within the CogniDROP Study.
Challenges with hyper-NA (NA>1.0) polarized light lithography for sub lambda/4 resolution (2005)

The use of immersion technology will extend the lifetime of 193nm and 157nm lithography by enabling numerical apertures (NA) much greater than 1.0. This paper explores the effects that will occur when the high NA systems are augmented with polarization.. Specifically we show that there are strong interactions between the polarization induced by the reticle and polarization in the optics. This has a direct impact on the across-field specification of the polarization of the optical system as it causes a large variation in the imaging impact in photoresist. The impact of lens and reticle birefringence on the imaging is also analyzed. We show that reticle birefringence should not be a major concern when the birefringence is maintained to 2nm/cm - 4nm/cm levels. The lens can be modeled by a Jones matrix approach, where multiple pupils must be defined for each polarization state. We show the impact of the optical components by using a rigorous photoresist simulation on the process window of sub-50nm features using NA>1.3. The simulator uses a full Maxwell equation solver for the mask, polarized illumination, a Jones matrix approach for the pupil, and a photoresist simulation with calibrated model. The photoresist process is also shown to interact with polarization. Different photoresist will show varying degrees of sensitivity to polarization variation.
Copper Plating on Resistive Substrates, Diffusion Barrier and Alternative Seed Layers (2010)

We have studied electrochemical deposition of copper on ruthenium-tantalum (Ru-Ta) alloy, tantalum (Ta), and cobalt (Co) substrates using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic methods. We show that a single-step direct-plating from acidic Cu bath approach is favorable on thin Ru-Ta films, while it presents a significant challenge for plating on resistive Ta and Co substrates.
CCR3 Antagonists: A Potential New Therapy for the Treatment of Asthma. Discovery and Structure—Activity Relationships. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rational design of dinitroxide biradicals for efficient cross-effect dynamic nuclear polarization (2015)

A series of 37 dinitroxide biradicals have been prepared and their performance studied as polarizing agents in cross-effect DNP NMR experiments at 9.4 T and 100 K in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE). We observe that in this regime the DNP performance is strongly correlated with the substituents on the polarizing agents, and electron and nuclear spin relaxation times, with longer relaxation times leading to better enhancements. We also observe that deuteration of the radicals generally leads to better DNP enhancement but with longer build-up time. One of the new radicals introduced here provides the best performance obtained so far under these conditions.
Enhanced activity of vancomycin by encapsulation in hybrid magnetic nanoparticles conjugated to a cell-penetrating peptide (2020)

We describe a novel antibiotic delivery system based on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated to a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP). Silica-coated iron oxide NPs were produced via a co-deposition method, and coated by a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymeric network via physicochemical binding. Vancomycin (VAN) was then entrapped into this PVA network. A hexapeptide sequence Gly-Ala-Phe-Pro-His-Arg, was synthesized in the solid phase and then conjugated onto the surface of the magnetic NPs. The drug ratio incorporation into the carrier system and drug release were monitored through precise analysis. Confocal microscopy showed that the NPs could be internalized into Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterial cells. The antimicrobial effects of VAN were significantly enhanced by this system with a low dosage of VAN. Advantages include rapid targeted-drug delivery process, drug dose reduction, and equal effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Remibrutinib, a Novel Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Exhibits Improved Target Selectivity and Potency In Vitro (P8-3.003) (2023)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To assess the potency and selectivity of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) under comparable experimental conditions. <h3>Background:</h3> BTK is a key node in B-cell receptor and Fc receptor signaling. BTKis are an emerging oral option for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Several covalent and reversible BTKis are in clinical development for the treatment of MS. For covalent enzyme inhibitors, in vitro assays are influenced by experimental conditions and are time dependent. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> In vitro binding of covalent BTKis was assessed over time and concentration in human blood. Inhibition of B cells and basophils, including the impact of drug washout on B-cell inhibition, was assessed for covalent and reversible BTKis. Kinase selectivity was studied (first screened kinome wide, then using the dissociation constant for select kinases) via a binding assay to allow for the direct comparison of covalent and reversible BTKis. <h3>Results:</h3> Covalent inhibitors demonstrated time- and concentration-dependent BTK binding in human blood; the IC50 at 1 hour was 21 nM for remibrutinib, 508 nM for evobrutinib, 165 nM for tolebrutinib, and 427 nM for orelabrutinib. These values correlated with B-cell inhibition; the IC<sub>50</sub> was 18 nM for remibrutinib, 320 nM for evobrutinib, 74 nM for tolebrutinib, 185 nM for orelabrutinib, and 15 nM for fenebrutinib (reversible). Basophil inhibition potency was comparable. B-cell inhibition by remibrutinib (covalent) was not sensitive to washout, but B-cell inhibition by fenebrutinib was. Kinome selectivity screening at 1 μM showed the following ranking (from least to most off-target kinase binding): remibrutinib, fenebrutinib, evobrutinib, orelabrutinib, and tolebrutinib. A quantitative assessment of binding constants to a subset of kinases confirmed this ranking. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> BTKis undergoing development for MS exhibit varying selectivity across the human kinome, with the highest level of selectivity observed for remibrutinib. This distinction may translate into differences in clinical efficacy and safety. <b>Disclosure:</b> Bernd C. Kieseier, MD has nothing to disclose. Mr. Cenni has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Novartis. Dr. Pulz has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Novartis Pharma AG. Dr. Pulz has stock in Novartis Pharma AG. Dr. Angst has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Novartis. Dr. Angst has stock in Novartis. Mr. Eichlisberger has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ziehn has received personal compensation for serving as an employee of Novartis AG.
On the capacity of picocellular networks (2013)

The orders of magnitude increase in projected demand for wireless cellular data require drastic increases in spatial reuse, with picocells with diameters of the order of 100-200 m supplementing existing macrocells whose diameters are of the order of kilometers. In this paper, we observe that the nature of interference changes fundamentally as we shrink cell size, with near line of sight interference from neighboring picocells seeing significantly smaller path loss exponents than interference in macrocellular environments. Using a propagation model proposed by Franceschetti, which compactly models increased interference in small cells, we show that the network capacity does not scale linearly with the reduction in cell size with standard frequency reuse strategies. Rather, more sophisticated resource sharing strategies based on beamforming and base station cooperation are required to realize the potential of small cells in providing high spectral efficiencies and quasi-deterministic guarantees on availability. Numerical results justifying these conclusions include Chernoff bounds on outage probability for random base station deployment (according to a spatial Poisson process), and simulations for deployment in a regular grid.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary All‐Carbon Stereogenic Centers. Preparation of α,α′‐Disubstituted β,γ‐Unsaturated Esters Through Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A comprehensive study of failure mode in IGBT applications due to freewheeling diode snappy recovery (2002)

In modern power converter circuits, freewheeling diode snappy recovery phenomenon (voltage snap-off) can ultimately destroy the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) during turn-on and cause a subsequent circuit failure. In this paper, snappy recovery of modern fast power diodes is investigated with the aid of semiconductor device simulation tools, and experimental test results. The work presented here confirms that the reverse recovery process can by expressed by means of diode capacitive effects which influence the reverse recovery characteristics and determine if the diode exhibits soft or snappy recovery behavior. From the experimental and simulation results, a clear view is obtained for the physical process, causes and device/circuit conditions at which snap-off occurs. The analysis is based on the effect of both device and external operating parameters on the excess minority carrier distributions before and during the reverse recovery transient period.
Aquaporin 5 Interacts with Fluoride and Possibly Protects against Caries (2015)

Aquaporins (AQP) are water channel proteins and the genes coding for AQP2, AQP5, and AQP6 are clustered in 12q13. Since AQP5 is expressed in serous acinar cells of salivary glands, we investigated its involvement in caries. DNA samples from 1,383 individuals from six groups were studied. Genotypes of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms covering the aquaporin locus were tested for association with caries experience. Interaction with genes involved in enamel formation was tested. The association between enamel microhardness at baseline, after creation of artificial caries lesion, and after exposure to fluoride and the genetic markers in AQP5 was tested. Finally, AQP5 expression in human whole saliva, after exposure to fluoride in a mammary gland cell line, which is known to express AQP5, and in Wistar rats was also verified. Nominal associations were found between caries experience and markers in the AQP5 locus. Since these associations suggested that AQP5 may be inhibited by levels of fluoride in the drinking water that cause fluorosis, we showed that fluoride levels above optimal levels change AQP5 expression in humans, cell lines, and rats. We have shown that AQP5 is involved in the pathogenesis of caries and likely interacts with fluoride.
A novel chip joint method for high temperature operated SiC power modules (2006)

A novel chip joint method for bonding SiC power device chips with Al metallized electrodes has been developed for three-dimensional (3D) packaging. This method is a combination of Au stud bumping on an Al metallized electrode of a power chip and subsequent reflow soldering with Au-20Sn solder. The die shear strength of a Au-stud-bumped SiC power device chip bonded on a AlN/Cu/Ni(Au) substrate with Au-20Sn solder reached up to 83.67MPa, which was about 5 times higher than that of a Au-stud-bumped chip bonded with Pb90-Sn solder. After shear test, the assembly fractured at the solder/substrate interface rather than at the solder/chip interface. This indicates that an Al metallized electrode of a power chip can be solidly assembled to a AlN/Cu/Ni(Au) substrate by Au stud bumps and Au-20Sn eutectic solder. After being aged at 200degC for 300 hrs, the resistance change of the bonded chips with Au-stud bumps and Au-20Sn solder was less than 6%. This proposed chip joint method presents a novel approach for 3D packaging high temperature operated SiC power modules.
Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Ring‐Strained Monoterpenes: A Route to High‐Performance Sustainable Aviation Fuels (2021)

Sabinene and 3‐carene, bio‐based monoterpene precursors to high‐performance jet fuels, are chemoselectively hydrogenated with reduced PtO 2 at low temperatures (263–298 K), to yield products in which the alkene groups are saturated, whereas cyclopropane rings from the parent hydrocarbons are conserved. Sabinene is selectively converted to a 79:21 mixture of cis:trans‐thujane (1), whereas 3‐carene is converted to a 72:28 mixture of cis:trans‐carane (3). For comparison, the fully hydrogenated species tetrahydrosabinene (2) and 1,1,4‐trimethylcycloheptane ( 4 ) are prepared by hydrogenation with Pd/C. To evaluate 1−4 as advanced jet fuel blendstocks, several key fuel properties are measured. Compared with conventional jet fuel, the hydrogenated monoterpenes exhibit up to 8.6% higher density, 1.3% higher gravimetric net heat of combustion (NHOC), 9.7% higher volumetric NHOC, and 64% lower kinematic viscosity at −20 °C. These properties suggest that 1−4 are valuable blendstocks for conventional jet fuel or sustainable aviation fuel, providing enhanced operability and performance.
Qualification of Behavioral Level Design Validation for AMS&RF SoCs (2007)

International audience
Optimal transistor sizing for maximum yield in variation‐aware standard cell design (2015)

Summary Process variability, in addition to wide temperature and supply voltage variation ranges, severely degrades the fabrication outcome (yield) of digital cells as for the fulfillment of performance specification bounds. This paper presents the application of mathematical optimization to the design of standard cells that are robust to process variations even in worst‐case operating conditions. The method attains the optimal sizing of individual transistors in the cell for maximizing the statistical yield referring to leakage power and propagation delay bounds, with local and global process variations specified by industrial process development kits (PDKs). The approach is demonstrated for a 40 nm low‐power standard threshold voltage Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology, for an intended operating temperature range [−40 °C, 125 °C] and supply voltage range [0.95 V, 1.05 V]. The reported optimization results show a yield improvement from an initial 50% to 99.9%, and Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE)‐level Monte Carlo analysis confirmed the estimated yield of the obtained circuits. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Schroedinger Eigenmaps with nondiagonal potentials for spatial-spectral clustering of hyperspectral imagery (2014)

Schroedinger Eigenmaps (SE) has recently emerged as a powerful graph-based technique for semi-supervised manifold learning and recovery. By extending the Laplacian of a graph constructed from hyperspectral imagery to incorporate barrier or cluster potentials, SE enables machine learning techniques that employ expert/labeled information provided at a subset of pixels. In this paper, we show how different types of nondiagonal potentials can be used within the SE framework in a way that allows for the integration of spatial and spectral information in <i>unsupervised</i> manifold learning and recovery. The nondiagonal potentials encode spatial proximity, which when combined with the spectral proximity information in the original graph, yields a framework that is competitive with state-of-the-art spectral/spatial fusion approaches for clustering and subsequent classification of hyperspectral image data.
Universal quantization of parametric sources has redundancy k/2 logn/n (2002)

Let {X/sub i/}/spl sim/P/sub /spl theta//, /spl Theta//spl isin//spl Lambda//spl sube/IR/sup k/. Rissanen has shown that there exist universal noiseless codes for {Xi} with per-letter rate redundancy as low as k/2 logn/n, where n is the blocklength and k is the number of source parameters. We derive an analogous result for universal quantization: for any given La-grange multiplier /spl lambda/>0, there exist universal fixed-rate and variable-rate quantizers with per-letter Lagrangian redundancy (i.e., distortion redundancy plus /spl lambda/ times the rate redundancy) as low as /spl lambda/k/2 logn/n.
Attitudes toward home-based malaria testing in rural and urban Sierra Leone (2015)

Expanding community case management of malaria to include home testing by CHVs and family members may increase the proportion of individuals with febrile illnesses who confirm a positive diagnosis prior to initiating treatment.
Reflectively Tapped Fiber Delay-Lines For Wideband Signal Processing (1989)

A new method for wideband signal processing using a reflectively tapped fiber delay-line is described. Dielectric mirrors as taps are incorporated into a continuous length of optical fiber by an electric fusion splicing technique. Demonstration of this processor as a frequency filter in the gigahertz regime is described. A variable tap technique based on fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers is suggested.
Comparative assessment of acid, alkali and salt tolerance inListeria monocytogenesvirulent and avirulent strains (2004)

&lt;it&gt;Listeria monocytogenes&lt;/it&gt; is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen of man and animals that has the capacity to survive under extreme environmental conditions. While our knowledge on &lt;it&gt;L. monocytogenes&lt;/it&gt; and its ability to sustain within wide pH and temperature ranges and salt concentrations has been largely built on the virulent strains of this species, relatively little is known about avirulent strains in this regard. In this study, we extend our analysis on avirulent &lt;it&gt;L. monocytogenes&lt;/it&gt; strains. By subjecting three virulent (EGD, 874 and ATCC 19196) and three avirulent (ATCC 19114, HCC23 and HCC25) strains to various pH and salt concentrations, it was found that &lt;it&gt;L. monocytogenes&lt;/it&gt; recovered well after treatment with 100 mM Tris at pH 12.0, and to a lesser extent at pH 3.0. Interestingly, avirulent &lt;it&gt;L. monocytogenes&lt;/it&gt; strains showed a somewhat higher tolerance to alkali than virulent strains. This unique feature of avirulent &lt;it&gt;L. monocytogenes&lt;/it&gt; strains may potentially be exploited for the development of a rapid technique for differentiation between avirulent and virulent strains. Furthermore, all &lt;it&gt;L. monocytogenes&lt;/it&gt; strains tested were resistant to saturated NaCl (about 7 M, or 40% w/v) for a long period of time (20 h and possibly longer). Together, these results highlight that acid, alkali, and/or salt treatments commonly used in food product processing may not be sufficient to eliminate &lt;it&gt;L. monocytogenes&lt;/it&gt;, and therefore stringent quality control measures at the beginning and end of the food manufacturing process is essential to ensure that such food products are free of listerial contamination.