gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Stacking Method on Heat Transfer Characteristic in Stacked Wire Gauze (2000)

The regenerator is the regenerative heat exchanger which greatly influences the performance of the Stirling cycle machines. A stacked wire screen of which a balance of flow loss and heat transfer characteristics is good, is often utilized for this regenerator matrix. The stacking method of the wire gauze is a method for perpendicularly stacking for the flow of the working gas. Therefore, the basic characteristic of stacked wire gauze reported until now, was only perpendicular stacked wire gauze. However, the method stacking parallel to the working gas is also considered. In this study, in order to grasp the basic characteristics of parallel stacked wire gauze, the effect of the stacking method on basic characteristic is examined experimentally. The effect on the pressure loss examines experimentally in the previous report. So, the superiority of the parallel stack wire gauze has been confirmed. In this paper, the effect of the stacking method on heat transfer characteristic is examined experimentally. The flow loss and heat transfer characteristics of the two stacked wire gauze are compared.
Effect of Equal-Channel Angular Pressing on the Pitting Corrosion Resistance of Al Alloy (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Enantioselective Spirocyclizations from Tryptophanol-Derived Oxazolopiperidone Lactams (2007)

A straightforward synthetic route to enantiopure spiro[indole-3,3'-indolizidines] is reported. The key step is a Lewis acid promoted cyclization of a Na-tosyltryptophanol-derived oxazolopiperidone lactam in the presence of Et3SiH.
Lost at Sea: Where Is All the Plastic? (2004)

Millions of metric tons of plastic are produced annually. Countless large items of plastic debris are accumulating in marine habitats worldwide and may persist for centuries ([ 1 ][1]–[ 4 ][2]). Here we show that microscopic plastic fragments and fibers ([Fig. 1A][3]) are also widespread in the
Luma–chroma separated processing for fast flow‐based image abstraction on mobile devices (2014)

A fast method to generate cartoon‐style images is presented. The cartoon‐style image construction procedure consists of two processes: outline detection followed by colour filling. The outline detection operation is sensitive to image luminance (luma) and the colour‐filling operation is sensitive to chrominance (chroma). Using this feature, a fast method is proposed for generating cartoon‐style images based on luminance–chrominance (luma–chroma) separated processing. This method decreases the number of operations required for colour filling using a UV chroma component extracted from the YUV colour space. This approach is suitable for camera image formats and mobile SIMD units. Experimental tests demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits 221% faster processing time as compared to naïve methods. Moreover, the mean absolute error between naïve methods and the proposed method is &lt; 1%.
Interventricular and intra-left ventricular electromechanical delays in right ventricular paced patients with heart failure: implications for upgrading to biventricular stimulation (2003)

The QRS width is not a reliable tool to identify RVP patients with ventricular mechanical asynchrony. In RVP patients, an interventricular electromechanical delay or intra-LV electromechanical delay > 50 ms reflects a significant ventricular mechanical asynchrony and should be required to select patients for upgrading to BVP.
Complementary sets of chirp-like polyphase sequences (1991)

A new construction for the complementary sets of polyphase sequences is presented. The new construction is based on the application of Zadoff—Chu, as well as Ipatov polyphase sequences with ideal periodic autocorrelation function. It is shown that cyclic time shifted versions of either polyphase sequences form the complementary set, if the length of sequences is N = 5. m2 and the corresponding time shifts are different multiples of m, where s and m are any positive integers.
A semi-analytical model for the subthreshold behavior of SOI FinFLASH structures (2006)

In this paper we present an original semi-analytical model for the subthreshold electrical behavior of complex 3D structures as the SOI FinFLASH devices. This physically-based model, which does not need any fitting parameter, solves the Poisson equation for a fin covered by trapped charges in the active dielectrics. The analytical results are compared with fully 3D numerical simulations and a good agreement is obtained down to fins with very small feature sizes (order of tens of nm). This model can be efficiently used to gain information on important cell electrical behaviors as the threshold voltage shift ΔV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> and the subthreshold slope factor S.
Scientific CCD technology at JPL (1991)

Charge-coupled devices (CCD's) were recognized for their potential as an imaging technology almost immediately following their conception in 1970. Twenty years later, they are firmly established as the technology of choice for visible imaging. While consumer applications of CCD's, especially the emerging home video camera market, dominated manufacturing activity, the scientific market for CCD imagers has become significant. Activity of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and its industrial partners in the area of CCD imagers for space scientific instruments is described. Requirements for scientific imagers are significantly different from those needed for home video cameras, and are described. An imager for an instrument on the CRAF/Cassini mission is described in detail to highlight achieved levels of performance.
Stretcher fibers for chirped pulse amplifiers at 1030 nm and 1550 nm (2012)

Chirped pulse amplification is a durable and widely used scheme for producing short pulses with duration less than 1ps and pulse energies from &mu;J to even mJ levels. The compressor unit needs to be able to handle high peak powers and is therefore traditionally made out of free space diffraction gratings. The stretcher unit, on the other hand, only has to handle low peak power and can therefore be realized with a dispersion managed fiber. We review our work on stretcher fiber design and dispersion managed modules in the Ytterbium gain band and Erbium gain band and present a modified stretcher fiber for managing numerically higher third and fourth order dispersion. The modified design allows for a lower incident angle on the compressor gratings and thereby reducing the grating separation and compressor size.
Effect of hydroxide and sulfite ion concentration in alkaline sulfite anthraquinone (ASA) pulping – a comparative study (2015)

Abstract Pulp and black liquor produced by alkaline sulfite anthraquinone (ASA) process were comprehensively characterized to evaluate the effects of ion concentration on the delignification and polysaccharide preservation. Scots pine wood meal was pulped at 160°C with a sulfite-to-hydroxide ion ratio of 0.75 and liquor-to-wood ratio of 200:1. Two concentration levels were studied in presence and absence of anthraquinone (AQ). Contrary to the expectations, already the lower concentration level (L-ASA) revealed rapid delignification in presence of AQ, while only moderate acceleration was obtained at the high concentration level (H-ASA). However, H-ASA liquor resulted in a slightly higher pulp yield of 1–2% (based on wood) but only in case of pulps with kappa numbers (KN) above 60. With progressing delignification, the yield advantage was gradually lost. The higher pulp yield at H-ASA conditions was mainly due to improved galactoglucomannan retention, which was around 2% on KN 60 pulp and around 0.5% after prolonged delignification. The xylan content, on the other hand, was found to be 1% (based on wood) lower under H-ASA conditions compared to L-ASA conditions, which may be attributed to an increased solubility of short-chain polysaccharides at high alkali concentration.
References (2014)

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Etude randomisée multicentrique évaluant la réduction volumique par spirales dans l'emphysème (STIC REVOLENS) (2016)

National audience
Atlas of Neurosurgical Techniques: Brain (2006)

This thoroughly revised and expanded atlas is the ideal reference for residents, fellows, and clinicians to review surgical procedures before entering the OR. The authors provide step-by-step descriptions of techniques, clearly delineating indications and contraindications, goals, operative preparation and anesthesia, and postoperative management. The main focus of this book is on teaching neurosurgical techniques at the most detailed level. Features of the second edition: * A new chapter on proton therapy* An expanded section covering the latest radiosurgery techniques* Nearly 3,000 high-quality images aid rapid comprehension of surgical procedures* Online access to more than 100 surgical technique videosThis book should be read cover to cover by young practitioners several times during their residency and it will keep more experienced neurosurgeons up-to-date on the latest surgical techniques in the field. <br
Effect of Celliant® armbands on grip strength in subjects with chronic wrist and elbow pain: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (2021)

Purpose This study aims to test the effects of Celliant armbands on grip strength in subjects with chronic wrist and elbow pain. Celliant® is a functional textile fabric containing minerals that emit infrared radiation (IR) in response to body heat. IR-emitting fabrics have biological effects including the reduction of pain and inflammation and the stimulation of muscle function. Design/methodology/approach A randomized placebo-controlled trial recruited 80 subjects (40 per group) with a six-month history of chronic wrist or elbow pain (carpal tunnel syndrome, epicondylitis or arthritis) to wear an armband (real Celliant or placebo fabric) on the affected wrist or elbow for two weeks. Grip strength was measured by a dynamometer before and after the two-week study. Findings For the placebo group, the mean grip strength increased from 47.95 ± 25.14 (baseline) to 51.69 ± 27.35 (final), whereas for the Celliant group, it increased from 46.3 ± 22.02 to 54.1 ± 25.97. The mean per cent increase over the two weeks was +7.8% for placebo and +16.8% for Celliant (p = 0.0372). No adverse effects was observed. Research limitations/implications Limitations include the wide variation in grip strength in the participants at baseline measurement, which meant that only the percentage increase between baseline and final measurements showed a significant difference. Moreover, no subjective measurements of pain or objective neurophysiology testes was done. Practical implications Celliant armbands are easy to wear and have not been shown to produce any adverse effects. Therefore, there appears to be no barrier to prevent widespread uptake. Social implications IR-emitting textiles have been studied for their beneficial effects, both in patients diagnosed with various disorders and also in healthy volunteers for health and wellness purposes. Although there are many types of textile technology that might be used to produce IR-emitting fabrics, including coating of the fabric with a printed layer of ceramic material, incorporating discs of mineral into the garment, the authors feel that incorporating ceramic particles into the polymer fibers from which the fabric is woven is likely to be the most efficient way of achieving the goal. Originality/value Celliant armbands appear to be effective in painful upper limb inflammatory disorders, and further studies are warranted. The mechanism of action is not completely understood, but the hypothesis that the emitted IR radiation is absorbed by nanostructured intracellular water provides some theoretical justification.
Datamining for yield (2017)

A small but persistent signal in wafer slot order was observed at functional test, affecting logic yield. Through wafer slot Randomization at several operations in the route a process step within high-k metal gate formation was suspected to be causing the degrade, but conventional approaches did not reveal the root cause. By combining datamining with a thorough analysis of sector and electrical data we identified a defect mechanism exacerbated by the delay between gate metal and polysilicon deposition. By applying a process change, we addressed the issue and achieved yield improvement.
Development and evaluation of BGO fiber scintillator (2008)

In high energy physics, an imaging detector which consists of multi anode PMT (MAPMT) and pixel scintillators having a size of several mm square is used. In this kind of detector, a spatial resolution is limited by a size of scintillator pixel, because scintillator arrays which have size of sub-mm square are difficult to be made. Today, our group successfully developed single crystal growth technology of BGO fiber with a 100 m and 100 mm length by using the micro-pullingdown method. When coupled with APD and irradiated by gamma-ray radio isotopes of 22 Na and 137 Cs, 511 keV and 662 keV photo-absorption peaks are clearly obtained, respectively.
Plasma population pharmacokinetics and penetration into cerebrospinal fluid of indinavir in combination with zidovudine and lamivudine in HIV-1-infected patients (2000)

Population estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters of IDV and its CSF penetration were in excellent agreement with previously reported data from individual analyses. Intraindividual interoccasion variability of IDV pharmacokinetics was estimated to be of similar order of magnitude to its interindividual variability, which may affect response to long-term antiretroviral therapy involving IDV. CSF levels of IDV exceeded its in vitro 95% inhibitory concentration of HIV replication. Given that CSF is virtually free of protein, viral suppression in the central nervous system should be achievable with an IDV-containing regimen.
RSM-DE-ANN method for sensitivity analysis of active material cost in PM motors (2016)

In this paper, a numerical technique is developed for sensitivity analysis of active material cost (AMC) in PM motors with distributed and fractional slot concentrated windings. A comprehensive analysis is carried out to identify how the optimal design rules and proportions of IPM motors with sintered NdFeB magnets vary with respect to the changes in the commodity prices of permanent magnet material, copper, and steel. The sensitivities of the correlations between the design parameters and the AMC with respect to the commodity price ranges are investigated based on response surface methodology (RSM) and large-scale design optimization practice using differential evolution (DE) optimizer. An innovative application of artificial neural network (ANN)-based design optimization is introduced. Multi-objective minimization of cost and losses is pursued for an overall of 200,000 design candidates in 30 different optimization instances subjected to different cost scenarios according to a systematic design of experiments (DOE) procedure. An interesting finding is that, despite common expectations, the average mass of steel in the optimized designs is more sensitive to changes in the commodity prices than the masses of copper and rotor PMs.
A chimeric scorpion α‐toxin displays de novo electrophysiological properties similar to those of α‐like toxins (2002)

BotXIV and LqhalphaIT are two structurally related long chain scorpion alpha-toxins that inhibit sodium current inactivation in excitable cells. However, while LqhalphaIT from Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus is classified as a true and strong insect alpha-toxin, BotXIV from Buthus occitanus tunetanus is characterized by moderate biological activities. To assess the possibility that structural differences between these two molecules could reflect the localization of particular functional topographies, we compared their sequences. Three structurally deviating segments located in three distinct and exposed loops were identified. They correspond to residues 8-10, 19-22, and 38-43. To evaluate their functional role, three BotXIV/LqhalphaIT chimeras were designed by transferring the corresponding LqhalphaIT sequences into BotXIV. Structural and antigenic characterizations of the resulting recombinant chimera show that BotXIV can accommodate the imposed modifications, confirming the structural flexibility of that particular alpha/beta fold. Interestingly, substitution of residues 8-10 yields to a new electrophysiological profile of the corresponding variant, partially comparable to that one of alpha-like scorpion toxins. Taken together, these results suggest that even limited structural deviations can reflect functional diversity, and also that the structure-function relationships between insect alpha-toxins and alpha-like scorpion toxins are probably more complex than expected.
Design and development of a true decentralized control architecture for microgrid (2016)

Emerging smart grid concept compels microgrids to adopt decentralized methods. Centralized methods of operation are more susceptible to failure due to single point of failure held by the single controller. Decentralized microgrid control architecture is proposed, improving system reliability and avoiding control command transmission over the network. Delays in communications are unpredictable, uncertainty of data exchange delays leads to inaccurate modeling. As solution, Hardware-in-The-Loop platform is developed using real physical communication links and network components, and applying the concept of decentralization dynamically over a network of realtime controllers. The proposed system insures reliable data exchange between controllers and microgrid components. Case study is adopted for testing purposes. Results proves the robustness of the architecture as long as the properties of a true decentralized system is maintained.
Structural Carbon Nanotube Development (2020)

Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at the nanoscale suggest their potential to enable significantly lighter structures of interest in aerospace applications. As different formats of the material became available over the last 20 years, understanding of how CNTs contribute to improvements in mechanical properties of structural composites has evolved.Although the material is now available in large quantities that permit the development of composite fabrication processes, the retention of properties that make these materials attractive on the nano scale remains a challenge in large assemblies of CNTs. The work to be presented will summarize lessons learned in our efforts to produce carbon nanotube composites with tensile properties that begin to rival those of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. Challenges that need to be overcome for practical adoption of this emerging material system will be considered.
DESIGN STUDIES FOR SINGLE-SIDED LINEAR ELECTRIC MOTORS: HOMOPOLAR SYNCHRONOUS AND INDUCTION (1980)

ABSTRACT Designs are made for longitudinal-flux, single-sided linear induction machines (SLIMs) and transverse-dc-flux homopolar linear synchronous machines (HLSMs). All machines have passive reaction rails. The machines are designed to provide tractive effort for conventional rail vehicles requiring output powers from 200 to 3735 kW and top speeds ranging from 112 to 400 km/hr. Magnetic levitation is not a design consideration for these vehicles. All designs are optimized to achieve minimum track weight and are made according to specified magnetic and thermal criteria. Under these assumptions, some of the HLSM advantages are: a higher power factor, much greater restoring forces for track misalignments, and less track heating. Some of the SLIM advantages are: no need to synchronize vehicle speed and excitation frequency precisely, a lower copper weight, simpler machine construction, and a more easily anchored track structure. When the required output power and available frequency are low the HLSM track is generally lighter than the SLIM track; the SLIM track is generally lighter for high powers and frequencies
Monitoring civil structures with a wireless sensor network (2006)

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is an active area of research devoted to systems that can autonomously and proactively assess the structural integrity of bridges, buildings, and aerospace vehicles. Recent technological advances promise the eventual ability to cover a large civil structure with low-cost wireless sensors that can continuously monitor a building's structural health, but researchers face several obstacles to reaching this goal, including high data-rate, data-fidelity, and time-synchronization requirements. This article describes two systems the authors recently deployed in real-world structures.
High throughput, quantitative DNA methylation screening using a quantum dot based nanotechnology assay (2008)

PL01 Background:  The impact of detecting DNA methylation is profound, as it has been demonstrated that a larger number of tumor suppressor genes become inactivated by epigenetic silencing from DNA methylation than by mutations. Current methods of DNA methylation detection include qualitative methylation specific PCR (MSP) and quantitative real time PCR. We have demonstrated a nanotechnology assay that meets the needs for high throughput and ultra-sensitive DNA methylation analyses. The new technology will be likely to have a huge impact for both cancer diagnosis as well as assessing response to therapy.  Methods:  Our technology allows for performing multiple PCRs through a droplet-in-oil microfluidic PCR platform with single sample injection. It utilizes quantum dot (QD) nanosensors for the detection and quantification of DNA methylation. QDs serve as both a FRET donor as well as a nanoconcentrator to capture fluorescently labeled target amplicons which are generated through methylation specific PCR (MSP).  Results:  With our oil-in-droplet PCR platform, we were able to demonstrate valuable downscaling in reagent and sample consumption (800nL/ reaction). Our nanoassay allowed detecting as little as 15 pg of methylated DNA in the presence of a 10,000-fold excess of unmethylated alleles. We extended the analysis to clinical samples by detecting methylation for ASC/ TMS1 in low concentrations of DNA from human sputum without using nested PCR. The nanoassay featured low intrinsic background and high sensitivity with few PCR amplification cycles. We quantified methylation reversal with high resolution in pre and post bone marrow aspirate samples obtained from Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) patients who were treated with epigenetic therapy using 5-azacytidine (Vidaza) and a histone deacetylase inhibitor (MS-275).  Conclusion:  Our QD-based nanoassay is fully compatible with the widely-used MSP. The use of an oil-in-droplet PCR system offers unprecedented ease in sample handling for a cost-effective multiplexed gene analysis. By simply end-labeling existing MSP primers and using commercially available QDs, our technique allows for quantitative, high-throughput and ultrasensitive methylation detection.
CMOS‐based Pressure Sensors (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Micromachined Pressure Sensors CMOS-integrated Pressure Sensors Conclusion References