gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Stability of Sulfur Cathodes in Li–S Cells via in Situ Formation of a Solid Electrolyte Layer (2016)

Enhancing the performance of rechargeable lithium (Li)–sulfur (S) batteries is one of most popular topics in a battery field because of their low cost and high specific energy. However, S experiences dissolution during its electrochemical reactions; hence, maintaining its initial capacity is challenging. Protecting the S cathode with a Li ion conducting layer that acts as a barrier for polysulfide transport is an attractive strategy, but formation of such protective layers typically involves significant effort and cost. Here, we report a facile route to form a conformal solid electrolyte layer on S cathodes in situ using a carbonate solvent. The chemically and mechanically stable and Li ion conducting protective layer is formed by inducing electrolyte reduction and polymerization reactions on the cathode surface. The layer serves as a polysulfide’s barrier, successfully helping to retain S active material in the carbon pores. In addition, it helps to improve the performance of Li anodes.
Impact of boron penetration from s/-extension on gate leakage current and gate-oxide reliablity for 65-nmnode CMOS and beyond (2006)

For scaled CMOSFETs, it becomes much more difficult to ensure sufficient reliability of gate-oxide film, since power supply voltage is not scaled proportionally with gate-oxide. As well as the increase of the electrical stress that put on the gate-oxide, miniaturization effect should be cared. This paper demonstrates the performance of 65-nm node CMOSFETs, focused on gate oxide reliability, which is found to become crucial issue for short-channel pMOSFETs. Boron penetration from S/D-extension is found to increase gate leakage current and degrade gate oxide integrity. Fabrication process that suppresses the boron penetration is discussed, and optimized transistor characteristics for low operational power (LOP) and low standby power (LSTP) devices are presented.
Sexual orientations of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Clinical observation in Taiwan (2014)

Our preliminary data showed that sexual orientation influenced the BMI of women with PCOS, but did not affect hyperandrogenism-related clinical or biochemical characteristics. This observation requires further confirmation.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reactivity of Several Alkylidene Complexes of the Type W(CHR′)(N‐2,6‐C6H3‐iPr2)(OR)2 and Related Tungstacyclobutane Complexes. Controlling Metathesis Activity Through the Choice of Alkoxide Ligand. (1988)

Abstract Related with recent findings in olefin and acetylene metathesis, the neutral, four‐coordinate complexes (VI) are prepared in order to study their ability to serve as active olefin metathesis catalysts.
Interfaces, attributes, and use cases: A compass for SDN (2014)

The term Software Defined Networking (SDN) is prevalent in today's discussion about future communication networks. As with any new term or paradigm, however, no consistent definition regarding this technology has formed. The fragmented view on SDN results in legacy products being passed off by equipment vendors as SDN, academics mixing up the attributes of SDN with those of network virtualization, and users not fully understanding the benefits. Therefore, establishing SDN as a widely adopted technology beyond laboratories and insular deployments requires a compass to navigate the multitude of ideas and concepts that make up SDN today. The contribution of this article represents an important step toward such an instrument. It gives a thorough definition of SDN and its interfaces as well as a list of its key attributes. Furthermore, a mapping of interfaces and attributes to SDN use cases is provided, highlighting the relevance of the interfaces and attributes for each scenario. This compass gives guidance to a potential adopter of SDN on whether SDN is in fact the right technology for a specific use case.
Catalyst structure and method of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (2023)

The present invention includes Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, reactions using Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, methods of making Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, processes of hydrogenating carbon monoxide, and fuels made using these processes. The invention provides the ability to hydrogenate carbon monoxide with low contact times, good conversion rates and low methane selectivities. In a preferred method, the catalyst is made using a metal foam support.
Ethanol Production from Glucose and Xylose by Immobilized Zymomonas mobilis CP4(pZB5) (2000)

Fermentation of glucose-xylose mixtures to ethanol was investigated in batch and continuous experiments using immobilized recombinant Zymomonas mobilis CP4(pZB5). This microorganism was immobilized by entrapment in K-carrageenan beads having a diameter of 1.5–2.5 mm. Batch experiments showed that the immobilized cells cofermented glucose and xylose to ethanol and that the presence of glucose improved the xylose utilization rate. Batch fermentation of rice straw hydrolysate containing 76 g/L of glucose and 33.8 g/L of xylose gave an ethanol concentration of 44.3 g/L after 24 h, corresponding to a yield of 0.46 g of ethanol/g of sugars. Comparable results were achieved with a synthetic sugar control. Continuous fermentation experiments were performed in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed bioreactor (FBR). Glucose-xylose feed mixtures were pumped through the FBR at residence times of 2–4 h. Glucose conversion to ethanol was maintained above 98% in all experiments. Xylose conversion to ethanol was highest at 91.5% for a feed containing 50 g/L of glucose and 13 g/L of xylose at a dilution rate of 0.24/h. The xylose conversion to ethanol decreased with increasing feed xylose concentration, dilution rate, and age of the immobilized cells. Volumetric ethanol productivities in the range of 6.5–15.3 g/L.h were obtained. The improved productivities achieved in the FBR compared to other bioreactor systems can help in reducing the production costs of fuel ethanol from lignocellulosic sugars.
A front-end ASIC with high-voltage transmit switching and receive digitization for forward-looking intravascular ultrasound (2017)

This paper presents a front-end ASIC for forward-looking intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging. The ASIC is intended to be mounted at the tip of a catheter and can interface a total of 80 piezo-electric transducer elements with an imaging systems using only 4 cables, thus significantly reducing the system complexity compared to the prior art. It is capable of switching high-voltage transmit pulses to 16 transmit elements, and capturing the resulting echo signals using 64 multiplexed receive elements. The ASIC digitizes the received signals locally, providing more robust communication than prior analog approaches. Measurements show that the ASIC effectively switches transmit pulses up to 30 V, and digitizes echo signals with a bandwidth of 16 MHz, while consuming only 10 mW. Acoustic measurements in combination with a prototype transducer array demonstrate pulse transmission and reception. Finally, a B-mode image of a needle phantom demonstrates the imaging capability.
Enzymatic/Chemical Release of O-Glycans Allowing MS Analysis at High Sensitivity (2009)

As the role of O-linked oligosaccharides have been demonstrated to be increasingly important in numerous medical conditions, it is imperative to develop new techniques allowing their analysis at high sensitivity. While mass spectrometry (MS) provides adequate measurements of important O-linked oligosaccharides glycans and their profiles, the release from glycoproteins has not been sufficiently addressed for the needs of biomedical applications. This work describes a new strategy, involving the combination of a complete enzymatic degradation with a chemical release during the solid-phase permethylation of O-linked oligosaccharides. The analytical data implicate highly effective cleavage from the serine and threonine (but not arginine) residues, during permethylation. Tandem MS analyses confirmed these observations for model glycoproteins. Comparative measurements through isotopic labeling MS show this approach to be vastly superior over the previously used cleavage procedures.
Gas phase preparation of spherical core–shell α′′-Fe16N2/SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles (2014)

Well-dispersed spherical core-shell α''-Fe16N2/SiO2 ferro-magnetic nanoparticles were successfully synthesized from core-shell α-Fe/SiO2 nanoparticles. Introduction of oxidation prior to the nitridation process gives 90% of α''-Fe16N2 phase contained in the core while no phase change is observed without oxidation. Saturation magnetization and coercivity are 148 emu g(-1) and 1.82 kOe, respectively.
Adaptive human-machine interface for persons with tremor (2002)

A new adaptive filter has been developed to model pathological tremor during human-machine interaction. Operating online, the system suppresses tremor to improve precision in human-machine control. Offline, the system processes recorded data to quantify tremor for clinical use. The filter estimates tremor frequency as well as amplitude, adapting the reference input frequency to follow frequency modulation of tremor. The algorithm is computationally inexpensive and simple to implement in many human-machine interface applications. Experimental results are presented.
Multimarker RT–PCR assay for the detection of minimal residual disease in sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer patients (2006)

The presence of metastases in lymph nodes is the most powerful prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. Routine histological examination of lymph nodes has limited sensitivity for the detection of breast cancer metastases. The aim of the present study was to develop a multimarker reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the detection of minimal residual disease in sentinel nodes of breast cancer patients. RNA was extracted from 30 sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) obtained from 28 patients, three primary breast cancers (positive controls), three lymph nodes from patients with benign diseases, and peripheral blood lymphocytes of 10 healthy volunteers (negative controls). RT-PCR was performed using the following markers; cytokeratin (CK)-19, NY-BR-1 and mammaglobin B. RT-PCR results were compared to enhanced histopathologic examination and immunohistochemistry (IHC). All three positive controls showed strong PCR amplification for all three markers. None of the 13 negative controls was amplified by any of the three markers. Among the 30 SLN analysed, breast cancer metastases were detected in six SLNs by routine histology, in eight by IHC and in 15 by RT-PCR. We conclude that a multimarker RT-PCR assay probing for NY-BR-1, mammaglobin-B, and CK-19 is more sensitive compared to enhanced pathologic examination. This method may prove to be of value in breast cancer staging and prognosis evaluation.
Measurements of acid generation by extreme ultraviolet irradiation in lithographic films (2007)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography requires photoresist materials that incorporate highly efficient photoacid generators (PAGs) due to the low intensity of the currently available EUV light sources. It is therefore necessary to understand the parameters that control acid generation mechanisms in photoresists under EUV irradiation, such as photoacid generator and base quencher structure, polymer matrix effects, and the interaction of ionizing radiation with the resist components. In this study, a known acid detection technique based on a dye indicator (coumarin 6) has been optimized for the quantification of the amount of photoacid produced by irradiation of lithographic resist films. Incorporation of acid-base indicators to solid polymer matrices has already been employed in previous studies; however, the environmental stability of the reactive species and the influence of the polymer resin have not been considered to date. Here, the authors present a comprehensive evaluation of PAGs that were exposed to 13.5nm radiation and compared to 248nm exposures. For some specific cases studied, it was possible to correlate the acid generation efficiency to the PAG structure and polymer matrix effects. Moreover, it is found that environmental effects such as humidity have a significant impact on acid strength, acid detection, and acid generation efficiency. The acid generation efficiency experiments were complemented with dose to clear exposures for selected resist systems. The results obtained indicate that the use of acid detection methods implemented for the design of EUV resist compositions with optimized photospeed requires careful attention to the complex role of the reactivity of all formulation components and photoreaction products in the presence of ionizing radiation.
Mg-Enriched Engineered Carbon from Lithium-Ion Battery Anode for Phosphate Removal (2016)

Three Mg-enriched engineered carbons (mesocarbon microbeads, MCMB) were produced from lithium-ion battery anode using concentrated nitric acid oxidization and magnesium nitrate pretreatment. The obtained 15%Mg-MCMB, 30%Mg-MCMB, and 40%Mg-MCMB have magnesium level of 10.19, 19.13, and 19.96%, respectively. FTIR spectrum shows the functional groups present on the oxidized MCMB including OH, C═O, C-H, and C-O. XRD, SEM-EDX, and XPS analyses show that nanoscale Mg(OH)2 and MgO particles were presented on the surface of the Mg-MCMB samples, which could serve as the main adsorption mechanism as to precipitate phosphate from aqueous solutions. The sorption experiments indicate that Mg modification dramatically promotes MCMB's phosphate removal ability and phosphate removal rates reach as high as 95%. Thus, modification of the spent LIBs anode could provide a novel direction of preparing wastewater adsorbent and develop an innovative way to achieve sustainable development.
Quantum Markov processes and applications in many-body systems (2010)

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Untersuchung von quantenmechanischen und klassischen Markov-Prozessen und deren Anwendung im Bereich der stark korrelierten Vielteilchensysteme. Unter einem Markov-Prozess versteht man eine spezielle Art eines stochastischen Prozesses, dessen weitere dynamische Entwicklung unabhängig ist von der Vorgeschichte seiner Entwicklung und nur von der derzeitigen Konfiguration abhängt. Die Anwendung von Markov-Prozessen im Bereich der statistischen Mechanik von klassischen Vielteilchensystemen hat eine lange Geschichte. Markov-Prozesse dienen nicht nur der Beschreibung der Dynamik von stochastischen Systemen, sondern liefern vielmehr auch eine sehr praktische Methode, mit dereren Hilfe grundlegende Eigenschaften komplexer Vielteilchenprobleme in Form eines probabilistischen Algorithmus berechnet werden können. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es das Verhalten von quantenmechanischen Markov Prozessen, dies sind Markov-Prozesse, welchen ein quantenmechanischer Konfigurationsraum zu Grunde liegt, zu untersuchen und mit deren Hilfe komplexe Vielteilchensysteme besser zu verstehen. Darüber hinaus formulieren wir einen Quantenalgorithmus, mit dessen Hilfe es möglich ist, die thermischen- und Grundzustandseigenschaften von quantenmechanischen Vielteilchensystemen zu berechnen. Nachdem wir eine kurze Einführung in das Feld der quantenmechanischen Markov-Prozesse gegeben haben, untersuchen wir deren Konvergenzeigenschaften. Wir finden Schranken für die Konvergenzraten der quantenmechanischen Prozesse, basierend auf einer Verallgemeinerung von geometrischen Schranken, welche für klassische Prozesse gefunden wurden. Wir verallgemeinern ein Abstandsmaß, die Chi-Quadrat Divergenz für nicht kommutative Wahrscheinlichkeitsräume, welches unseren Untersuchungen zu Grunde liegt. Diese Divergenz ermöglicht auch eine Verallgemeinerung der detaillierten Balance für quantenmechanische Prozesse. Danach konstruieren wir den Quantenalgorithmus, der als natürliche Verallgemeinerung des Metropolisalgorithmus für quantenmechanische Hamiltonoperatoren verstanden werden kann. Wir beabsichtigen damit zu zeigen, dass ein Quantencomputer in der Lage ist, als universeller Quantensimulator zu fungieren, welcher nicht nur die Dynamik eines Quantensystems beschreiben kann, sondern auch den Zugang zu statischen Berechnungen ermöglicht. Danach untersuchen wir die Korrelationseigenschaften von klassischen Nichtgleichgewichtszuständen mit Methoden der Quanteninformationstheorie. Wir konstruieren eine Klasse von Matrix-Produkt-Zuständen, deren Korrelationen anhand von klassischen Markov-Prozessen verstanden werden können. Schließlich untersuchen wir die Transporteigenschaften eines stationären Nichtgleichgewichtszustandes. Die dynamische Gleichung ist so konstruiert, dass der Transport je nach Parameterwahl entweder hauptsächlich stochastisch oder hauptsächlich kohärent stattfindet. Wir können somit die unterschiedlichen Formen des Transports innerhalb eines Modells miteinander vergleichen.
Reduced-Order Modeling Technique for Weakly Non-Linear Time-Varying Circuits with Memory (2003)

A technique for modeling weakly non-linear time-varying circuits with memory, such as signal modulators or mixers, is presented. The simulation of this kind of circuits can be very expensive in computational resources and simulation time, because of the complexity of the circuit and the very different time-scales involved in the circuit operation. From the circuit description, a low-pass equivalent reduced model is proposed, providing accurate simulation results with significant reduction on simulation time. The model captures the memory and the input-output weakly non-linear behavior of the circuit and is able to work both in time and frequency domain.
Anthrax-associated shock (2008)

Recent events have brought attention to the potential of Bacillus anthracis as an agent of bioterrorism. The shock like state of anthrax is invariably associated with high mortality, despite anti-microbial and supportive therapy. Multi-system dysfunction is typical, including: enhanced vascular permeability, hemorrhage and inflammation. Important questions concerning the pathophysiology of anthrax-associated shock remain unanswered, including the effects of B. anthracis infection on cardiac function. This review discusses the current state of knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of anthrax-associated shock.
Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Self-Loosening of Preloaded Cap Screw Fasteners (2011)

In an effort to establish a theoretical outline of a criterion for preventing the vibration-induced loosening of preloaded threaded fasteners, this paper provides an experimental and analytical insight into the effect of the initial bolt preload and the excitation amplitude on the self-loosening performance of a cap screw fastener. A nonlinear model is used for predicting the clamp load loss caused by the vibration-induced loosening of cap screw fasteners under cyclic transverse loading. Experimental verification was conducted on the twisting torque variation and the effect of the preload level and transverse displacement amplitude. Comparison of the experimental and analytical results on the clamp load loss with the number of cycles verifies that the proposed model accurately predicts self-loosening performance.
Synthesis of Triazole‐Based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Containing Carbazole Moiety By RAFT Polymerization (2012)

Abstract N ‐Vinyl‐1,2,4‐triazole (NVTri), which is a nonconjugated N ‐vinyl monomer having a basic aromatic heterocycle, was polymerized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. With the xanthate‐type chain transfer agent (CTA), reasonable control of the polymerization of NVTri was confirmed by the formation of the relatively low polydispersity products, linear increase in the molecular weight with the conversion, feasibility to control molecular weight, and chain extension experiment. Chain extension from poly(NVTri) to N ‐vinyl carbazole (NVC) could be well controlled under suitable conditions and provided novel amphiphilic block copolymers. We investigated assembled structures and basic optoelectronic properties of the block copolymers.
Corrections - A Novel Approach to Water Proton Relaxation in Paramagnetic Ion-Macromolecule Complexes (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrections - A Novel Approach to Water Proton Relaxation in Paramagnetic Ion-Macromolecule ComplexesDennis Burton, Raymond Dwek, Sture Forsen, and Gunnar KarlstromCite this: Biochemistry 1977, 16, 17, 3942Publication Date (Print):August 23, 1977Publication History Published online12 November 2003Published inissue 23 August 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00636a601RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views13Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (92 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Appendix (2007)

You have accessInjection Mold Design EngineeringAug 2007AppendixDavid O. KazmerDavid O. Kazmerhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446434196.bmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2007Pages: 389-424Print ISBN: 978-3-446-41266-8eISBN: 978-3-446-43419-6 Copyright & Permissions© 2007 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
Fatigue Strengthening of Cracked Steel Beams With CFRP Plates (2010)

Externally bonded FRP systems offer an attractive method to improve the fatigue life of steel beams. The fatigue performance of such a strengthened beam can be further enhanced by prestressing the bonded FRP reinforcement. While a number of studies have been conducted on the fatigue strengthening of steel beams using FRP, they have generally been concerned with the overall performance of the strengthened beam, with limited attention to the behaviour of the FRP-to-steel interface and its effects. Against this background, this paper presents the preliminary results of an ongoing experimental program aiming at investigating the behaviour and fatigue failure mechanism of FRP-strengthened cracked steel beams under fatigue cyclic loading, with particular emphasis on the debonding process of the FRP reinforcement and the effect of debonding on crack propagation. The effects of prestressing and debonding on the fatigue performance of the strengthened beam are clearly demonstrated by the test results.