gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survival After Open Versus Endovascular Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Repair in an Observational Study of the Medicare Population (2011)

Although perioperative mortality is lower with TEVAR, Medicare patients selected for TEVAR have worse long-term survival than patients selected for open repair. The results of this observational study suggest that higher-risk patients are being offered TEVAR and that some do not benefit on the basis of long-term survival. Future work is needed to identify TEVAR candidates unlikely to benefit from repair.
Genome-wide meta-analysis for Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (2022)

Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) and phosphorylated tau (pTau) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reflect core features of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) more directly than clinical diagnosis. Initiated by the European Alzheimer & Dementia Biobank (EADB), the largest collaborative effort on genetics underlying CSF biomarkers was established, including 31 cohorts with a total of 13,116 individuals (discovery n = 8074; replication n = 5042 individuals). Besides the APOE locus, novel associations with two other well-established AD risk loci were observed; CR1 was shown a locus for Aβ42 and BIN1 for pTau. GMNC and C16orf95 were further identified as loci for pTau, of which the latter is novel. Clustering methods exploring the influence of all known AD risk loci on the CSF protein levels, revealed 4 biological categories suggesting multiple Aβ42 and pTau related biological pathways involved in the etiology of AD. In functional follow-up analyses, GMNC and C16orf95 both associated with lateral ventricular volume, implying an overlap in genetic etiology for tau levels and brain ventricular volume.
Structure-Based Optimization and Discovery of M3258, a Specific Inhibitor of the Immunoproteasome Subunit LMP7 (β5i) (2021)

Proteasomes are broadly expressed key components of the ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathway containing catalytically active subunits (β1, β2, and β5). LMP7 (β5i) is a subunit of the immunoproteasome, an inducible isoform that is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells. Clinically effective pan-proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) nonselectively target LMP7 and other subunits of the constitutive proteasome and immunoproteasome with comparable potency, which can limit the therapeutic applicability of these drugs. Here, we describe the discovery and structure-based hit optimization of novel amido boronic acids, which selectively inhibit LMP7 while sparing all other subunits. The exploitation of structural differences between the proteasome subunits culminated in the identification of the highly potent, exquisitely selective, and orally available LMP7 inhibitor <b>50</b> (M3258). Based on the strong antitumor activity observed with M3258 in MM models and a favorable preclinical data package, a phase I clinical trial was initiated in relapsed/refractory MM patients.
Image enhancement of surface micro-structure on mucosa for polarimetric endoscopy (2015)

This paper describes a novel image processing method for endoscopy that enhances the appearance of microstructures on mucosa. The new technique employs two pairs of parallel- and crossed-nicols polarimetric images, from which an averaged subtracted polarization image (AVSPI) is calculated. Experiments were first executed using a manual experimental setup with ring-type lighting, two rotating polarizers and a color camera. A new objective evaluation method that uses texture analysis (GLCM) was developed and applied to evaluation of the enhanced microstructure images. Experiments using excised porcine stomach tissue showed better results than with conventional color intensity image processing. Next, an online rigid-type polarimetric endoscope system using a polarized ring-shaped LED and a special three-CCD color polarimetric camera was developed. The two types of equipment described above are quite different as to extinction ratio values, but show similarly enhanced image quality. Our results show that polarimetric endoscopy is not only effective but also practical for hardware implementation.
<title>Sol-gel-based fiber optic and integrated optic chemical sensors for environmental monitoring and process control</title> (1997)

Sol-gel technology has been used to fabricate fiber optic and integrated optic chemical sensors for environmental monitoring and process control applications. These multi-sensing element sensors offer many advantages, the most prominent being that they are miniaturized, lightweight, and immune to electromagnetic interference. We are developing versatile, multi-analyte, micro-miniaturized fiber optic chemical sensor (FOCS) and integrated optic chemical sensor (IOCS) technologies for use in closed-loop control and process monitoring for industrial and environmental applications.
Influence of Thermo-mechanical Effects induced by 3D Assembly on Silicon Microring Resonator (2017)

International audience
Variations sur un thème humain (2009)

Pr Alain Prochiantz © P. Imbert, Collège de France L’année 2009 peut, sans hésitation, être qualifiée d’année Darwin puisque nous avons, d’un même élan, célébré le bicentenaire du naturaliste et les cent cinquante ans de L’Origine des espèces. Cela a quelque peu contribué à laisser dans l’ombre un autre grand évolutionniste, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, qui publia la Philosophie zoologique l’année même de la naissance de Darwin. Lamarck, qui finit sa vie aveugle, conduit par sa fille vers l’amphith...
The structure of DNA overstretched from the 5′5′ ends differs from the structure of DNA overstretched from the 3′3′ ends (2009)

It has been suggested that the structure that results when double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is pulled from the 3'3' ends differs from that which results when it is pulled from the 5'5' ends. In this work, we demonstrate, using lambda phage dsDNA, that the overstretched states do indeed show different properties, suggesting that they correspond to different structures. For 3'3' pulling versus 5'5' pulling, the following differences are observed: (i) the forces at which half of the molecules in the ensemble have made a complete force-induced transition to single stranded DNA are 141 +/- 3 pN and 122 +/- 4 pN, respectively; (ii) the extension vs. force curve for overstretched DNA has a marked change in slope at 127 +/- 3 pN for 3'3' and 110 +/- 3 pN for 5'5'; (iii) the hysteresis (H) in the extension vs. force curves at 150 mM NaCl is 0.3 +/- 0.8 pN microm for 3'3' versus 13 +/- 8 pN for 5'5'; and (iv) 3'3' and 5'5' molecules show different changes in hysteresis due to interactions with beta-cyclodextrin, a molecule that is known to form stable host-guest complexes with rotated base pairs, and glyoxal that is known to bind stably to unpaired bases. These differences and additional findings are well-accommodated by the corresponding structures predicted on theoretical grounds.
Evaluation of an Atlas-Based PET Head Attenuation Correction Using PET/CT & MR Patient Data (2013)

The goal of this study was to compare MR-based PET patient attenuation correction (AC) to CT-based AC in the head using clinical whole-body FDG-PET patient data obtained from a tri-modality PET/CT & MR setup. The MR-based AC utilizes an atlas-based approach, registering the patient's MR images to a CT-based atlas, producing `pseudoCT' images. Thirteen clinical whole-body FDG patients were included in this study. PET mean activity concentration values were measured and compared in six ~ 15 ml volumes-of-interest throughout the brain tissue. The AC methods compared to CT-based AC were segmentation of the CT (air, fat, soft tissue) and atlas-based MR-AC. Results: PET activity concentration was systematically under-estimated on average by 1.32 kBq/ml (4.9%) when using the segmented CT-based AC, mainly due to lack of attenuation correction for skull bone. Using the atlas-based method, the error was reduced to 0.03 kBq/ml (0.2%) on average. PET image visualization demonstrated spatial variations in activity concentration accuracy induced by the AC methods that were consistent with the approximations in each method. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the atlas-based AC in the head provides adequate PET quantitation and image quality as compared to methods that do not account for bone.
Automated bi-objective design optimization of multi-MW direct-drive PM machines using CE-FEA and differential evolution (2011)

Design optimization of a multi-MW direct-drive PMAC machine based on computationally efficient-FEA (CE-FEA) and multi-objective differential evolution (DE) algorithm is presented in this paper. The CE-FEA based models allow ultra-fast analysis and design of synchronous electric machinery. In this work, a DE algorithm is used to vary a large number of stator and rotor parameters to optimize multiple objectives, such as average torque, efficiency, the cogging and the ripple torques that are evaluated using CE-FEA. The method is demonstrated on a motor for a direct-drive rated at 20 MW and 150 r/min. The following four case-study machines are optimized: 1) fractional-slot embedded surface-PM, 2) fractional-slot interior-PM, 3) integer-slot embedded surface-PM, and 4) integer-slot interior-PM. Design optimization of interior-PM machines includes an additional search for an optimum operating torque angle corresponding to the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) condition.
Multiple Scattering of ultrasonic propagation for non destructive evaluation of concrete; for non destructive evaluation of concrete (2006)

International audience
Hedgehog signaling controls dorsoventral patterning, blastema cell proliferation and cartilage induction during axolotl tail regeneration (2005)

Tail regeneration in urodeles requires the coordinated growth and patterning of the regenerating tissues types, including the spinal cord, cartilage and muscle. The dorsoventral (DV) orientation of the spinal cord at the amputation plane determines the DV patterning of the regenerating spinal cord as well as the patterning of surrounding tissues such as cartilage. We investigated this phenomenon on a molecular level. Both the mature and regenerating axolotl spinal cord express molecular markers of DV progenitor cell domains found during embryonic neural tube development, including Pax6, Pax7 and Msx1. Furthermore, the expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is localized to the ventral floor plate domain in both mature and regenerating spinal cord. Patched1 receptor expression indicated that hedgehog signaling occurs not only within the spinal cord but is also transmitted to the surrounding blastema. Cyclopamine treatment revealed that hedgehog signaling is not only required for DV patterning of the regenerating spinal cord but also had profound effects on the regeneration of surrounding, mesodermal tissues. Proliferation of tail blastema cells was severely impaired, resulting in an overall cessation of tail regeneration, and blastema cells no longer expressed the early cartilage marker Sox9. Spinal cord removal experiments revealed that hedgehog signaling, while required for blastema growth is not sufficient for tail regeneration in the absence of the spinal cord. By contrast to the cyclopamine effect on tail regeneration, cyclopamine-treated regenerating limbs achieve a normal length and contain cartilage. This study represents the first molecular localization of DV patterning information in mature tissue that controls regeneration. Interestingly, although tail regeneration does not occur through the formation of somites, the Shh-dependent pathways that control embryonic somite patterning and proliferation may be utilized within the blastema, albeit with a different topography to mediate growth and patterning of tail tissues during regeneration.
Magnetic properties of FeCuNbSiB nanocrystallized by flash annealing under high tensile stress (2011)

Abstract We have investigated the creep induced anisotropy, magnetostriction, domain structure and coercivity of nanocrystalline Fe 73.5 Cu 1 Nb 3 Si 15.5 B 7 crystallized by flash annealing under high tensile stress up to 800 MPa. The samples reveal a magnetic easy plane perpendicular to the stress axis with anisotropy constants up to K u ≈ 12 kJ/m 3 which even exceed the local magneto‐crystalline anisotropy ( K 1 ≈ 8 kJ/m 3 ) of the crystalline Fe–Si phase. Although coercivity increases with K u , it remains reasonably small even for huge induced anisotropy constants. The coercivity mechanism can be understood from the interplay of the induced anisotropy and the random fluctuations of the local magneto‐crystalline anisotropy of the crystallites. The tensile stress applied during annealing also affects the saturation magnetostriction constant λ s . Thus, λ s decreases with increasing magnitude of the annealing stress. This behaviour is compared to the elastic stress dependence of magnetostriction. The latter is well‐known for amorphous Co‐base alloys, but can also be observed in nanocrystalline alloys. The experimental results will be discussed theoretically in terms of the strain dependence of the magnetic anisotropy energy which ultimately provides the physical origin of magnetostrictive phenomena.
Supplementary Figures 1-7 from Activated Checkpoint Kinase 2 Provides a Survival Signal for Tumor Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-7 from Activated Checkpoint Kinase 2 Provides a Survival Signal for Tumor Cells
Peeling the Onion: Ribosomes Are Ancient Molecular Fossils (2009)

We describe a method to establish chronologies of ancient ribosomal evolution. The method uses structure-based and sequence-based comparison of the large subunits (LSUs) of Haloarcula marismortui and Thermus thermophilus. These are the highest resolution ribosome structures available and represent disparate regions of the evolutionary tree. We have sectioned the superimposed LSUs into concentric shells, like an onion, using the site of peptidyl transfer as the origin (the PT-origin). This spherical approximation combined with a shell-by-shell comparison captures significant information along the evolutionary time line revealing, for example, that sequence and conformational similarity of the 23S rRNAs are greatest near the PT-origin and diverge smoothly with distance from it. The results suggest that the conformation and interactions of both RNA and protein can be described as changing, in an observable manner, over evolutionary time. The tendency of macromolecules to assume regular secondary structural elements such as A-form helices with Watson-Crick base pairs (RNA) and alpha-helices and beta-sheets (protein) is low at early time points but increases as time progresses. The conformations of ribosomal protein components near the PT-origin suggest that they may be molecular fossils of the peptide ancestors of ribosomal proteins. Their abbreviated length may have proscribed formation of secondary structure, which is indeed nearly absent from the region of the LSU nearest the PT-origin. Formation and evolution of the early PT center may have involved Mg(2+)-mediated assembly of at least partially single-stranded RNA oligomers or polymers. As one moves from center to periphery, proteins appear to replace magnesium ions. The LSU is known to have undergone large-scale conformation changes upon assembly. The T. thermophilus LSU analyzed here is part of a fully assembled ribosome, whereas the H. marismortui LSU analyzed here is dissociated from other ribosomal components. Large-scale conformational differences in the 23S rRNAs are evident from superimposition and prevent structural alignment of some portions of the rRNAs, including the L1 stalk.
Dielectric Breakdown of Thinned BaO–Al 2 O 3 –B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 Glass (2010)

The dielectric breakdown behavior of alkali‐free glass was determined as a function of thickness and surface roughness. The thickness of commercially available glass (as‐received thickness=50 μm) was reduced to a range of thicknesses between 47 and 5 μm by chemical etching. The RMS surface roughness of the as‐received glass was in the range of 0.14–0.47 nm, and the surface roughness increased to up 10 nm after etching; it was also found that agitating the etching solution by ultrasound reduced the overall surface roughness. The evaluation of these samples revealed that the dielectric breakdown strength increased as the thickness decreased. However, the Weibull modulus representing the distribution of dielectric strengths showed a dependence on the surface roughness of the etched glass. A power law dependence, E B ∝ d − n , where d is the glass thickness and n= 0.14 and 0.86, has been found to fit the data in the respective thickness ranges of 5–20 and 25–50 μm. Self‐healing behavior, which allows the dielectric to continue to support a high electric field after breakdown, was found to be more likely as the dielectric layer thickness decreased. The susceptibility to self healing was correlated with the stored electrostatic energy and latent heat of vaporization for the gold electrode material.
Novel Crossing System for the Recanalization of Complex Chronic Total Occlusions: Ex vivo Proof of Concept of the SoundBite Crossing System. (2017)

Chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions are frequent in patients with peripheral and coronary artery disease, and associated with a higher risk of adverse events, including mortality, decreased quality of life, and increased health-care costs. Percutaneous intervention of CTO lesions has been associated with a lower procedural success rate, and current dedicated CTO devices may be of limited use for the non-CTO expert, and associated with increased intraprocedural complication rates. The SoundBite Crossing System (SoundBite Medical Solutions, Inc) is a newly developed device using shockwaves (short-duration, high-amplitude pressure pulses) to facilitate penetration of the proximal cap and crossing of the occlusion. The current report describes the first use of the SoundBite Crossing System in the recanalization of human ex vivo occluded arteries below the knee during a simulated procedure performed under fluoroscopy. Microcomputed tomography and histologic evaluation of the occluded and recanalized segment are provided to support therapeutic mechanism.
Mechanistic Aspects of Pincer Nickel(II)-Catalyzed C–H Bond Alkylation of Azoles with Alkyl Halides (2018)

The quinolinyl-based pincer nickel complex, κN,κN,κN-{C9H6N-(μ-N)-C6H4–NMe2}NiCl [(QNNNMe2)NiCl; (1)] has recently been demonstrated to be an efficient and robust catalyst for the alkylation of azoles with alkyl halides under copper-free conditions. Herein, we report the detailed mechanistic investigation for the alkylation of azoles catalyzed by (QNNNMe2)NiCl (1), which highlights an iodine-atom transfer (IAT) mechanism for the reaction involving a NiII/NiIII process. Deuterium labeling experiments indicate reversible cleavage of the benzothiazole C–H bond, and kinetic studies underline a fractional negative rate order with the substrate benzothiazole. The involvement of an alkyl radical during the alkylation is validated by radical clock and external additive experiments. An active intermediate species (QNNNMe2)Ni(benzothiazolyl) (5a) has been isolated and structurally characterized. The complex (QNNNMe2)Ni(benzothiazolyl) (5a) is found to be the resting state of catalyst 1. Kinetic analysis of electronically different intermediates suggests that the step involving the reaction of 5a with alkyl iodide is crucial and a rate-influencing step. DFT calculations strongly support the experimental findings and corroborate an IAT process for the alkylation reaction.
Unidirectional Perfect Reflection and Radiation in Double-Lattice Photonic Crystals (2023)

Non-Hermitian photonics, in which energy is not conserved, has attracted growing interest lately due to its potential for realizing innovative optical functionalities. Devices in this paradigm typically utilize material-absorption loss, though, which inevitably reduces efficiency. To overcome this issue, this study demonstrates a non-Hermitian waveguide based solely on vertical radiation from a photonic crystal. This device exhibits perfect transmission when light comes from one side, yet perfect reflection from the opposite side, and offers further degrees of freedom in photonics design to accelerate real-world applications.
ChemInform Abstract: BIOMIMETISCHE BLDG. VON TROPASAEUREESTERN (1973)

Abstract Im Zusammenhang mit Untersuchungen an markierten Komponenten hinsichtlich der biochemischen Bildung von Tropasäureestern werden verschiedene Reaktionen in der Reihe des Pheny1‐2‐formyl‐phenylthiolacetates (I) beschrieben.
Characterisation of Isolated Mixing Regions in a Stirred Vessel (2008)

An experimental study of isolated mixing regions (IMRs) in a cylindrical vessel stirred by three different impellers (a six-blade Rusthon turbine, a four-blade Lightnin A315 impeller and an axial CPE RTF4 impeller) has shown the existence of IMRs in all three systems at low Reynolds numbers. Calculations of the Re ranges in which IMRs exist, torque measurements and flow visualizations enabled the analysis of the effects of impeller type and the flow structures when IMRs were present. Particular attention was given to the case of the Rushton turbine, where digital image analysis revealed that the mechanism of IMR disappearance can be described as a period-doubling locus in the physical space, in which IMRs completely disappear at a critical Re, resulting in global mixing.
The Influence of Nonuniform Current and Potential Distributions on the Impedance Response of a Disk Electrode (2008)

John Newman's pioneering analysis of the current and potential distributions on a disk electrode served as a foundation for recent analysis of local impedance measurements. The emergence of new and powerful simulation software has allowed a more detailed comparison between experimental results and theory for both global and local impedance measurements. This work has also led to refinement of concepts such as the local and global Ohmic impedance and new interpretations of constant-phase-element behavior.
Neuroblastoma Cell Lines Showing Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypes (2000)

Neuroblastoma is a tumor that is derived from the neural crest. Recent studies demonstrated that several human neuroblastoma cell lines exhibit at least three morphologic types: neuroblastic (N)-type, substrate-adhesive (S)-type and intermediate (I)-type cells. However, the origin of the S-type cells has not been clearly identified. In this study, the expressions of smooth muscle-specific proteins (desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, basic calponin and the smooth muscle myosin heavy-chain isoforms of SM1 and SM2) in three parent and four cloned neuroblastoma cell lines, composed of S-type cells, were examined by indirect immunofluorescence, Western blot and/or by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Desmin was found in two of the seven cell lines, and alpha-smooth muscle actin and basic calponin were detected in all of seven of the cell lines. In three parent cell lines and one cloned cell line composed of N-type cells, none of three smooth muscle-specific proteins were detected. In smooth muscle myosin heavy-chain isoforms, SM1 was detected in two parent cell lines composed of S-type cells (MP-N-MS and KP-N-YS) by immunofluorescence, Western blot and/or by RT-PCR, whereas the SM2 isoform was detected in one parent cell line (MP-N-MS) by RT-PCR. These findings indicate that S-type cells have either the immature or mature smooth muscle cell phenotype, and neural crest cells very likely have the ability of to differentiate into smooth muscle cells in the human system.
Enhanced data detection employing compressed sensing In wireless communications (2014)

A framework and algorithm employing compressed sensing (CS) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is proposed. A compressive iterative interference cancellation for OFDM signal is presented. Prior knowledge of communication system is exploited to enhance data detection performance. Simulation results indicate that such an advanced data detection and receiver yields significant gains in bit error rate (BER) at low sampling rates.