gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Reliable Cu Wiring Layer of 1/1 μm Line/Space Using Newly Designed Insulation Barrier Film (2017)

Abstract The interposer or fan-out packaging technology with ultra-fine line/space has been required in order to achieve high density interconnection between chips with low cost. In this paper, we propose the iBF (insulation barrier film) to satisfy the insulation reliability of 1/1 μm ultra-fine trench wiring. The features of iBF are very low moisture absorptivity less than 0.3%, chloride ion impurities less than 1.0 ppm and high resistance to hydrolysis. In addition, iBF has good adhesive strength to Ti and Cu. The trench wiring was fabricated for mechanical and insulation reliability evaluation using photosensitive dielectric, then covered with iBF. The obtained trench wiring with 2/2, 1.5/1.5 and 1/1 μm line/space has passed the reliability tests such as moisture sensitivity level 2, thermal cycling test and biased HAST (highly accelerated stress test). We have also verified high resolution of photosensitive dielectric and fabrication of ultra-fine trench wiring on iBF to realize fine multi-layer wiring.
MP01-07 ASSESSING THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF HOSPITAL AND SURGEON VOLUME ON SHORT TERM MORTALITY OUTCOMES FOLLOWING RADICAL CYSTECTOMY (2016)

cancer (UBC) in a national population-based cohort, with special reference to gender-related differences.
Cooling a Microprocessor Chip (2006)

Increasing microprocessor performance has historically been accompanied by increasing power and increasing on-chip power density, both of which present a cooling challenge. In this paper, the historical evolution of power is traced and the impact of power and power density on thermal solution designs is summarized. Industrial and academic researchers have correspondingly increased their focus on elucidating the problem and developing innovative solutions in devices, circuits, architectures, packaging and system level heatsinking. Examples of some of the current packaging and system thermal solutions are provided to illustrate the strategies used in their design. This is followed by a brief discussion of some of the future trends in demand and solution strategies that are being developed by academic and industrial researchers to meet these demands. Potential opportunities and limitations with these strategies are reviewed.
Metamaterial-based wireless RF-MEMS strain sensors (2010)

Approximately 10% of the fractures do not heal properly because of the inability to monitor fracture healing. Standard radiography is not capable of discriminating whether bone healing is occurring normally or aberrantly. We propose and develop an implantable wireless sensor that monitors strain on implanted hardware in real time telemetrically. This enables clinicians to monitor fracture healing. Here we present the development and demonstration of metamaterial-based radio frequency (RF) micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) strain sensors for wireless strain sensing to monitor fracture healing. The operating frequency of these sensors shifts under mechanical loading; this shift is related to the surface strain of the implantable test material. In this work, we implemented metamaterials in two different architectures as bio-implantable wireless strain sensors for the first time. These custom-design metamaterials exhibit better performance as sensors than traditional RF structures (e.g., spiral coils) because of their unique structural properties (splits). They feature a low enough operating frequency to avoid the background absorption of soft tissue and yield higher Q-factors compared to the spiral structures (because their gaps have much higher electric field density). In our first metamaterial architecture of an 5 × 5 array, the wireless sensor shows high sensitivity (109 kHz/kgf, 5.148 kHz/microstrain) with low nonlinearity-error (<;200 microstrain). Using our second architecture, we then improved the structure of classical metamaterial and obtained nested metamaterials that incorporate multiple metamaterials in a compact nested structure and measured strain telemetrically at low operating frequencies. This novel nested metamaterial structure outperformed classical metamaterial structure as wireless strain sensors. By employing nested metamaterial architecture, the operating frequency is reduced from 529.8 MHz to 506.2 MHz while the sensitivity is increased from 0.72 kHz/kgf to 1.09 kHz/kgf.
Supplementary Figures 1-12, Table 1, Methods from Computationally Guided Photothermal Tumor Therapy Using Long-Circulating Gold Nanorod Antennas (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-12, Table 1, Methods from Computationally Guided Photothermal Tumor Therapy Using Long-Circulating Gold Nanorod Antennas
Image-Based Navigation Improves the Accuracy and Reproducibility of Humeral Component Positioning in Total Elbow Arthroplasty (2009)

Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is commonly employed for cases of humeral bone loss. Success of the procedure depends on both the surgical technique and implant design. Current surgical techniques in TEA generally employ visual cues for estimating the flexion-extension (FE) axis. However, it has been shown that this approach can result in alignment errors upwards of 10° [1]. Computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery (CAOS) employed at the hip and knee has led to an improvement in the accuracy and reproducibility of the procedure, with implant alignment errors approaching 2–3 degrees [2]. TEA may well benefit from the accuracy of CAOS.
Supplemental Methods from Exome Sequencing of African-American Prostate Cancer Reveals Loss-of-Function <i>ERF</i> Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Low-voltage Si-Ge avalanche photodiode (2015)

Here we report a Si-Ge avalanche photodiode (APD) with a breakdown voltage of only -9.8V. The highest measured bandwidth is 12GHz at gain of 15 giving a 180GHz gain-bandwidth product at 1550nm wavelength.
Ultra High Density Scanning Electrical Probe Phase-Change Memory for Archival Storage (2011)

The potential for using probe-based phase-change memories for the future archival storage at densities of around 1 Tbit/in. 2 is investigated using a recording medium comprising a Si/TiN/DLC/GeSbTe/diamond-like carbon (DLC) stack together with a conductive PtSi tip for writing and reading. Both experimental and computational simulation results are presented. The simulations include a physically-realistic threshold switching model, as well as the effects of thermal boundary resistance and electrical contact resistance. The simulated bit size and shape correspond closely to that written experimentally.
QoS Routing Mechanisms and OSPF Extensions (1999)

This memo describes extensions to the OSPF [Moy98] protocol to support QoS routes. The focus of this document is on the algorithms used to compute QoS routes and on the necessary modifications to OSPF to support this function, e.g., the information needed, its format, how it is distributed, and how it is used by the QoS path selection process. Aspects related to how QoS routes are established and managed are also briefly discussed. The goal of this document is to identify a framework and possible approaches to allow deployment of QoS routing capabilities with the minimum possible impact to the existing routing infrastructure.
Thermodynamic consequences of disrupting a water‐mediated hydrogen bond network in a protein:pheromone complex (2004)

The mouse pheromones (+/-)-2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole (SBT) and 6-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-heptanone (HMH) bind into an occluded hydrophobic cavity in the mouse major urinary protein (MUP-1). Although the ligands are structurally unrelated, in both cases binding is accompanied by formation of a similar buried, water-mediated hydrogen bond network between the ligand and several backbone and side chain groups on the protein. To investigate the energetic contribution of this hydrogen bond network to ligand binding, we have applied isothermal titration calorimetry to measure the binding thermodynamics using several MUP mutants and ligand analogs. Mutation of Tyr-120 to Phe, which disrupts a hydrogen bond from the phenolic hydroxyl group of Tyr-120 to one of the bound water molecules, results in a substantial loss of favorable binding enthalpy, which is partially compensated by a favorable change in binding entropy. A similar thermodynamic effect was observed when the hydrogen bonded nitrogen atom of the heterocyclic ligand was replaced by a methyne group. Several other modifications of the protein or ligand had smaller effects on the binding thermodynamics. The data provide supporting evidence for the role of the hydrogen bond network in stabilizing the complex.
Necrotizing Fascitis of the Head and Neck - Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature (2000)

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) of the head and neck is a rare but potentially life-threatening soft tissue infection primarily affecting the superficial fascial planes. It is caused by group A streptococci or by a synergistic combination of aerobe and anaerobe micro-organisms. If proper treatment is delayed, the infection may cause extensive necrosis of overlying skin, extend to deeper planes and produce severe systemic toxicity. Recent reviews suggest that cervical and facial NF should be considered separate clinical entities with different clinical features and prognosis. In both, early diagnosis with prompt, aggressive surgical and medical treatment is essential to a successful outcome. Three cases of NF of the neck secondary to peritonsillar/parapharyngeal infections are presented and the main characteristics of 117 well-characterized cases of cervical and facial NF are reviewed.
SuperCell: A Wide-Area Coverage Solution Using High-Gain, High-Order Sectorized Antennas on Tall Towers (2020)

In this article we introduce a novel solution called SuperCell, which can improve the return on investment (ROI) for rural area network coverage. SuperCell offers two key technical features: it uses tall towers with high-gain antennas for wide coverage and high-order sectorization for high capacity. We show that a solution encompassing a high-elevation platform in excess of 200 meters increases coverage by 5x. Combined with dense frequency reuse by using as many as 36 azimuthal sectors from a single location, our solution can adequately serve the rural coverage and capacity demands. We validate this through propagation analysis, modeling, and experiments. The article gives a design perspective using different classes of antennas: Luneburg lens, active/passive phased array, and spatial multiplexing solutions. For each class, the corresponding analytical model of the resulting signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) based range and capacity prediction is presented. The spatial multiplexing solution is also validated through field measurements and additional 3D ray-tracing simulation. Finally, in this article we also shed light on two recent SuperCell field trials performed using a Luneburg lens antenna system. The trials took place in rural New Mexico and Mississippi. In the trials, we quantified the coverage and capacity of SuperCell in barren land and in a densely forested location, respectively. In the article, we demonstrate the results obtained in the trials and share the lessons learned regarding green-field and brown-field deployments.
Mucosal Immune Responses Predict Clinical Outcomes during Influenza Infection Independently of Age and Viral Load (2014)

An innate profile was identified that correlated with disease progression independent of viral dynamics and age. The airways and blood displayed dramatically different immune profiles emphasizing the importance of cellular migration and localized immune phenotypes.
Wavelength-Selective All-Optical Switching in Cascaded Silicon Micro-rings (2013)

We demonstrate all-optical modulation of individual resonances of a two-ring silicon microresonator switching fabric using Raman-induced loss. The number of unique output states for such a switching fabric scales exponentially with the number of signals.
A physical investigation of large-signal dynamic output capacitance and energy loss in GaN-on-Si power HEMTs at high-frequency applications (2020)

The origin of C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oss</sub> and the energy dissipation due to output capacitance can be roughly separated into two types: resistive loss and capacitive hysteresis loss. The resistive losses are due to the resistance of GaN buffer layers and Si-substrate. These loss components can be potentially improved by re-engineering the doping concentrations in the buffer stacks and substrate layer [1] [2]. However, the capacitive hysteresis loss that is suspected to be due to trapping dynamics remains largely unexplained. This paper presents a physics view of the trapping dynamics that is related to C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oss</sub> in the GaN HEMT under large-signal excitations. It is observed that under large-signal excitation, deeper traps in the buffer layers only account for a remnant portion of observed dynamic C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oss</sub> losses. Instead, traps with shallow energy levels (in the range of 0.5eV above valence band) are mostly responsible for the charge imbalance and energy dissipation. By identifying dominant types of traps and relevant trap energy levels in GaN HEMT, we can gain important insights on how to optimize the device stack design for high-frequency applications.
Ceramic Multilayer Integration of Power Electronic Inductors (2009)

Abstract New MnZn and NiZnCu ferrites for low temperature co-fired ceramics technology are driving investigations on design rules of integrated power electronic inductors and transformers. Their magnetic properties and impact on device performance are described in the following with particular emphasis on MnZn ferrite and basic transformer structures comprising a pure ferrite multilayer, a dielectric multilayer with ferrite cladding, and a dielectric multilayer with closed ferrite core. While the monolithic embedded version exhibits low magnetic coupling and power capacity, the gap and the core design achieve more than 100 W transmitted power per cm 3 device volume at 90% efficiency. Keywords: low temperature cofired ceramicsMnZn ferriteNiZnCu ferritepassive integrationinductortransformer Acknowledgment This work was supported by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) under grant no. 03X4503B.
Novel Airborne Imaging Polarimeter Undergoes High-Altitude Flight Testing (2015)

Optical and signal processing technologies for high-accuracy polarimetric imaging, aimed at studying the impact of atmospheric haze and clouds on Earth's climate, have been demonstrated on checkout flights aboard NASA's ER-2 aircraft.
State‐of‐the‐art of visualization in post‐mortem imaging (2012)

Autopsies constitute a valuable feedback to the healthcare chain to achieve improvements in quality of care and cost effectiveness. This review describes post-mortem imaging, which has emerged as an important part of the pathology toolbox. A broad range of visualization aspects within post-mortem imaging are covered. General state-of-the-art overviews of the components in the visualization pipeline are complemented by in-depth descriptions of methods developed by the authors and our collaborators. The forensic field is represented and related to, as it is spearheading much development in post-mortem imaging. Other topics are workflow, imaging data acquisition, and visualization rendering technology. All in all, this review shows the mature state of visual analysis for a non- or minimal-invasive investigation of the deceased patient.
Differential Kinetics and Inhibition of Purified Recombinant Tyrosine Kinase 2 (TYK-2) and Its Catalytic Domain JH-1 (2012)

The Janus kinase (JAK) family consists of four members: JAK-1, -2, -3 and tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK-2). Recent work suggests that cytokine signaling through TYK-2 may play a critical role in a number of inflammatory processes. We recently described the purification and characterization of phosphorylated isoforms of the TYK-2 kinase domain (TYK-2 KD) and its high resolution 3D structure in the presence of inhibitors. We now report the expression and a two-step purification procedure for the doubly tagged full-length construct, H6-FL-TYK-2-FLAG, and examine its properties compared to those of TYK-2 KD. In the presence of ATP and a peptide substrate, H6-FL-TYK-2-FLAG showed a marked lag in phosphopeptide product formation, while TYK-2 KD showed no such lag. This lag could be eliminated by ATP pretreatment, suggesting that the H6-FL-TYK-2-FLAG enzyme was activated by phosphorylation. The potencies of several nanomolar inhibitors were similar for TYK-2 KD and H6-FL-TYK-2-FLAG. However, these same inhibitors were about 1000 times less potent inhibiting the autophosphorylation of H6-FL-TYK-2-FLAG than they were inhibiting the phosphorylation of a peptide substrate modeled after the activation loop sequence of TYK-2. This intriguing result suggests that autophosphorylation and, thus, activation of H6-FL-TYK-2-FLAG is relatively insensitive to inhibition and that present inhibitors act to inhibit TYK-2 subsequent to activation. Inhibition of TYK-2 autophosphorylation may represent a new area of investigation for the JAK family.
Supplementary Tables 1-9 from Pathology of Breast and Ovarian Cancers among <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> Mutation Carriers: Results from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of <i>BRCA1</i>/<i>2</i> (CIMBA) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 127K&lt;/p&gt;
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF VEGETATION FLEXIBILITY ON VORTEX STRUCTURE AND SEDIMENT DEPOSITION (2022)

近年河道の樹林化によって種々の問題が発生しており，その発生・進行メカニズムの解明が急務となっている．本研究では流れ場を特徴づけるパラメータとして植生要素の剛性に注目し，室内水路実験を通じてその植生群落周辺における渦構造や浮遊砂堆積過程への影響について検討した．剛性のみを変化させた 4通りの植生流れを対象に実験を行い，鉛直面および水平面PIVによる流速計測と浮遊砂投入実験による浮遊砂堆積領域の観察を行った．流速計測の結果から，剛性が大きく植生の倒伏高さが比較的大きいケースでは，群落後流域の河床付近において水平渦が発達し，横断方向の運動量輸送が鉛直方向の輸送よりも活発になることが示された．また，このような剛性による渦構造の変化が平均流構造および浮遊砂堆積領域を決定することが示唆された．
Acute orofacial pain leads to prolonged changes in behavioral and affective pain components (2020)

Acute pain that persists for a few days is associated with a reduction in patients' quality of life. Orofacial persistent pain promotes psychological disorders such as anxiety, impairs daily essential activities such as eating, and results in decreased social interaction. Here, we investigated whether rats subjected to orofacial formalin injection or intraoral incision surgery display persistent facial heat hyperalgesia, ongoing pain, anxiety-like behavior, and changes in ultrasonic vocalization. Orofacial formalin injection or intraoral incision caused facial heat hyperalgesia for 3 days compared with saline-injected and sham animals. In addition, both experimental groups showed a reduction in the number of entries and in the time spent in the open arms in the elevated plus maze test on day 3, suggesting that anxiety-like behavior developed as a consequence of persistent pain. At this time point, both groups also displayed a reduction in the number of 50-kHz calls, specifically in the flat subtype, which suggests a decrease in social communication. Moreover, on day 3 after surgery, systemic morphine produced robust conditioned place preference in rats subjected to intraoral incision compared with sham, and the former group also presented increased spontaneous facial grooming, revealing the presence of ongoing pain. Finally, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis showed a reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the nucleus accumbens, which may reflect a decrease in mesolimbic dopaminergic activity. Altogether, the results demonstrate that acute orofacial pain causes prolonged changes in behavioral and affective pain components, which may be related to dopaminergic changes in the nucleus accumbens.
Correlated Surfaces of Free-Standing Polystyrene Thin Films (2001)

We have performed X-ray specular and off-specular measurements of free-standing polystyrene thin films as a function of molecular weight and thickness. The results show films thicker than a few radii of gyration (Rg) are well fit by a simple liquid model. This confirms the assumption that the anomalies previously reported in the scattering intensity from polymer films of comparable thickness were mostly due to confinement by long-ranged interactions with the substrate rather than a fundamental property of viscoelastic fluids. The simple liquid model was found to be insufficient to fit the transverse diffuse data for films thinner than a few Rg. Longitudinal diffuse scattering data demonstrated that the roughness at the two interfaces is highly correlated when the film thicknesses are approximately 2Rg. Hence, very thin films do not exhibit liquidlike behavior, and higher-order elastic terms may have to be included into models to describe their rheological behavior.
ChemInform Abstract: An Intramolecular Palladium‐Catalyzed Aryl Amination Reaction to Produce Benzimidazoles. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
GL-MCM: Global and Local Maximum Concept Matching for Zero-Shot Out-of-Distribution Detection (2023)

Zero-shot out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a task that detects OOD images during inference with only in-distribution (ID) class names. Existing methods assume ID images contain a single, centered object, and do not consider the more realistic multi-object scenarios, where both ID and OOD objects are present. To meet the needs of many users, the detection method must have the flexibility to adapt the type of ID images. To this end, we present Global-Local Maximum Concept Matching (GL-MCM), which incorporates local image scores as an auxiliary score to enhance the separability of global and local visual features. Due to the simple ensemble score function design, GL-MCM can control the type of ID images with a single weight parameter. Experiments on ImageNet and multi-object benchmarks demonstrate that GL-MCM outperforms baseline zero-shot methods and is comparable to fully supervised methods. Furthermore, GL-MCM offers strong flexibility in adjusting the target type of ID images. The code is available via https://github.com/AtsuMiyai/GL-MCM.
Three-dimensional observations of periodically poled domains in a LiTaO3 quasiphase matching crystal by second harmonic generation tomography (2007)

Second harmonic generation interference tomography which enables us to obtain three-dimensional images of ferroelectric antiparallel domain structures is devised. Periodically poled domains (PPDs) inside a LiTaO3 quasiphase matching crystal (QPM) are observed by this microscope. Section images perpendicular to the polar z axis show that the PPD structure is maintained throughout the top quarter of the sample but it starts to lose the periodic nature in the bottom half of the sample. Corresponding degradation of the QPM performance is observed along the z direction of the sample.