gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Naesohwangryeon-tang Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells (2019)

These findings indicated that NHT induces both apoptosis and cell-protective autophagy in human lung cancer cells. This data suggests that NHT might be a novel herbal drug for lung cancer.
High Cut-Off Hemofiltration versus Standard Hemofiltration: A Pilot Assessment of Effects on Indices of Apoptosis (2014)

Patients with severe AKI have increased pro-apoptotic and pro-necrotic activity. Although on single-pass effect assessment, CVVH-HCO was superior to CVVH-Std in decreasing annexin V-FITC-assessed pro-apoptotic activity, there was no overall attenuation of such activity during the first 3 days of treatment.
Ubiquitous memory introspection (2007)

Modern memory systems play a critical role in the performance of applications, but a detailed understanding of the application behavior in the memory system is not trivial to attain. It requires time consuming simulations and detailed modeling of the memory hierarchy, often using long address traces. It is increasingly possible to access hardware performance counters to count relevant events in the memory system, but the measurements are coarse-grained and better suited for performance summaries than providing instruction level feedback. The availability of a low cost, online, and accurate methodology for deriving finegrained memory behavior profiles can prove extremely useful for runtime analysis and optimization of programs. This paper presents a new methodology for Ubiquitous Memory Introspection (UMI). It is an online and lightweight methodology that uses fast mini-simulations to analyze short memory access traces recorded from frequently executed code regions. The simulations provide profiling results at varying granularities, down to that of a single instruction or address. UMI naturally complements runtime optimizations and enables new opportunities for online memory specific optimizations. We present a prototype runtime system implementing UMI. The prototype has an average runtime overhead of 14%. This overhead is only 1 % more than a state of the art binary instrumentation tool. We used 32 benchmarks, including the full suite of SPEC CPU2000 benchmarks, for evaluation. We show that the mini-simulations accurately reflect the cache performance of two existing memory systems, an Intel Pentium 4 and an AMD Athlon MP (K7). We also demonstrate that UMI predicts delinquent load instructions with an 88 % rate of accuracy for applications with a relatively high number of cache misses, and 61 % overall. The online profiling results are used at runtime to implement a simple software prefetching strategy that achieves an overall speedup of 64 % in the best case.
Single-photon avalanche diode imaging sensor for subsurface fluorescence LiDAR (2021)

We realized subsurface fluorescence LiDAR with a large format single-photon avalanche diode array capable of localizing and quantifying concentration of fluorescent molecules in heavily scattering media, such as tissue, with submillimeter depth accuracy.
Direct Speed of Sound Reconstruction from Full-Synthetic Aperture Data with Dual Regularization (2022)

Speed-of-sound (SoS) reconstruction in pulse-echo ultrasound can reduce aberrations in imaging and provide quantitative biomarkers for diagnostics. State-of-the-art SoS imaging requires beamformed data for time-delay estimation. This translates either into multi-layered models, where absolute delays <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{t}_\mathrm{i}$</tex> at multiple depths are fitted to axial SoS variations, or a perturbation approach, where differential delays between adjacent paths <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\tau_\mathrm{i}$</tex> are used to map SoS heterogeneities. In this work, we remove the beamforming constraint and propose a dual regularization method to combine absolute and differential delays into a generalized SoS reconstruction. Our approach provides quantitative reconstructions in both layered distributions and focal lesions with bias < 2.3 m/s and rmse < 6 m/s. Moreover, it allows scatterer localization with sub-micron resolution. We show experimental results in SoS reconstruction through heterogeneous aberrating layers.
Trellis coded modulation schemes for underwater acoustic communications (2002)

Bandwidth efficient phase-coherent modulation techniques such as M-PSK have been made possible over underwater acoustic channels. It is well known that the error probability of the usual linear modulations such as M-PSK over fading channels varies inversely with the signal-to-noise ratio. To increase the slope of the error probability vs. signal-to-noise ratio curve, a diversity technique or an error correcting code may be used. The bandwidth limitations in the underwater channel being severe, we consider trellis-coded modulation for underwater acoustic communications and present simulation results performed to study their performance. Trellis-coded modulation offers a means of introducing diversity without paying in bandwidth.
Predicting placebo analgesia in patients with chronic pain using natural language processing: a preliminary validation study (2022)

Patients with chronic pain show large placebo effects in clinical trials, and inert pills can lead to clinically meaningful analgesia that can last from days to weeks. Whether the placebo response can be predicted reliably, and how to best predict it, is still unknown. We have shown previously that placebo responders can be identified through the language content of patients because they speak about their life, and their pain, after a placebo treatment. In this study, we examine whether these language properties are present before placebo treatment and are thus predictive of placebo response and whether a placebo prediction model can also dissociate between placebo and drug responders. We report the fine-tuning of a language model built based on a longitudinal treatment study where patients with chronic back pain received a placebo (study 1) and its validation on an independent study where patients received a placebo or drug (study 2). A model built on language features from an exit interview from study 1 was able to predict, a priori, the placebo response of patients in study 2 (area under the curve = 0.71). Furthermore, the model predicted as placebo responders exhibited an average of 30% pain relief from an inert pill, compared with 3% for those predicted as nonresponders. The model was not able to predict who responded to naproxen nor spontaneous recovery in a no-treatment arm, suggesting specificity of the prediction to placebo. Taken together, our initial findings suggest that placebo response is predictable using ecological and quick measures such as language use.
Development of a New Class of Inhibitors for the Malarial Aspartic Protease Plasmepsin II Based on a Central 7‐Azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane Scaffold (2003)

Abstract Plasmepsin II (PMII), a malarial aspartic protease involved in the catabolism of hemoglobin in parasites of the genus Plasmodium , and renin, a human aspartic protease, share 35% sequence identity in their mature chains. Structures of 4‐arylpiperidine inhibitors complexed to human renin were reported by Roche recently. The major conformational changes, compared to a structure of renin, with a peptidomimetic inhibitor were identified and subsequently modeled in a structure of PMII ( Fig. 1 ). This distorted structure of PMII served as active‐site model for a novel class of PMII inhibitors, according to a structure‐based de novo design approach ( Fig. 2 ). These newly designed inhibitors feature a rigid 7‐azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane scaffold, which, in its protonated form, is assumed to undergo ionic H‐bonding with the two catalytic Asp residues at the active site of PMII. Two substituents depart from the scaffold for occupancy of either the S1/S3 or S2′‐pocket and the hydrophobic flap pocket, newly created by the conformational changes in PMII. The inhibitors synthesized starting from N ‐Boc‐protected 7‐azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐ene ( 6 ; Schemes 1 – 5 ) displayed up to single‐digit micromolar activity ( IC 50 values) toward PMII and good selectivity towards renin. The clear structureactivity relationship (SAR; Table ) provides strong validation of the proposed conformational changes in PMII and the occupancy of the resulting hydrophobic flap pocket by our new inhibitors.
Visualizing Typical Features of Breast Fibroadenomas Using Phase-Contrast CT: An Ex-Vivo Study (2014)

Pending successful translation of the technology to a clinical setting and considerable reduction of the required dose, the data presented here suggest that grating-based phase-contrast CT may be used as a supplementary non-invasive diagnostic tool in breast diagnostics. Phase-contrast CT may thus contribute to the reduction of false positive findings and reduce the recall and core biopsy rate in population-based screening. Phase-contrast CT may further be used to assist during histopathological workup, offering a 3D view of the tumor and helping to identify diagnostically valuable tissue sections within large tumors.
Solving the Hazard Problem for Algorithmically Optimized Volume Rendering (1999)

One of the most difficult problems in volume rendering hardware architectures is to provide an efficient hardware integration of algorithmic optimization techniques like, space leaping and early ray termination. An architecture, which solves this problem, is presented in this paper. It is based on a multithreaded approach that overcomes branch hazards caused by these algorithmic optimization techniques. Additionally, a new memory architecture suitable for the multithreaded processing of rays is presented. Simulations show efficiencies of up to 97% (only 3% idle time) for the full system. A frame rate of 132 Hz for a data set of 256 256 128 and up to 4 Hz for 1024 3 voxels has been found by simulation.
Modeling the x-ray energy characteristics of DQE for full-field digital mammography (2001)

The modulation transfer function and detective quantum efficiency are modeled for a Full Field Digital Mammography detector constructed with a CsI scintillator deposited on an amorphous silicon active matrix array. The model is evaluated against experimental measurements using different exposure levels, x-ray tube voltages, target composition and beam filtrations as well as varying thicknesses and compositions of filtration materials placed in the path between the tube and detector. Available x-ray tube emission spectrum models were evaluated by comparison against the measured transmission through aluminum. The observed variation of DQE at zero spatial frequency among different target/filter conditions, acrylic filtration thicknesses and kVp is well characterized by a x-ray model. This variation is largely accounted for by just two effects -- the attenuation of x-rays through the detector enclosure and the stopping power of x-rays in the CsI layer. Additional considerations such as the Lubberts effect were included in the analysis in order to match the measured DQE(k) as a function of spatial frequency, k. The pixel aperture and light channeling through the scintillator shape the MTF which acts favorably to avoid aliasing due to digital sampling.
Multiple Scattering Tomography (2014)

Multiple scattering represents a challenge for numerous modern tomographic imaging techniques. In this Letter, we derive an appropriate line integral that allows for the tomographic reconstruction of angular resolved scattering distributions, even in the presence of multiple scattering. The line integral is applicable to a wide range of imaging techniques utilizing various kinds of probes. Here, we use x-ray grating interferometry to experimentally validate the framework and to demonstrate additional structural sensitivity, which exemplifies the impact of multiple scattering tomography.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethoxymethylenemalonates and ‐malononitriles (EMM Reagents) as Formic Acid Equivalents: Synthesis of Fused‐Imidazoles Under Neutral or Mildly Acidic Conditions. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optical waveguide loop for planar trapping of blood cells and microspheres (2013)

The evanescent field from a waveguide can be used to trap and propel a particle. An optical waveguide loop with an intentional gap at the center is used for planar transport and stable trapping of particles. The waveguide acts as a conveyor belt to trap and deliver spheres towards the gap. At the gap, the counter-diverging light fields hold the sphere at a fixed position. Numerical simulation based on the finite element method was performed in three dimensions using a computer cluster. The field distribution and optical forces for rib and strip waveguide designs are compared and discussed. The optical force on a single particle was computed for various positions of the particle in the gap. Simulation predicted stable trapping of particles in the gap. Depending on the gap separation (2-50 &mu;m) a single or multiple spheres and red blood cells were trapped at the gap. Waveguides were made of tantalum pentaoxide material. The waveguides are only 180 nm thick and thus could be integrated with other functions on the chip.
<title>Integrated optical pulse shapers for high-bandwidth data packet encoding</title> (1995)

We describe distributed Bragg pulse shapers for the ultra-fast communication system wavepacket encoding. We discuss Bragg pulse shaper design and fabrication and we present experimental results from first and second generation devices.
Breaking Through the “Glass Ceiling” of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (2016)

Spine is an international, peer-reviewed, bi-weekly periodical that considers for publication original articles in the field of spine. It is the leading subspecialty journal for the treatment of spinal disorders. Only original papers are considered for publication with the understanding that they are contributed solely to Spine. The Journal does not publish articles reporting material that has been reported at length elsewhere.
Large-scale lava dome fracturing as a result of concealed weakened zones (2022)

Abstract Mechanically weakened alteration zones in lava domes are thought to jeopardize their stability. Such zones can be hazardous when concealed within the dome, either because they formed by subsurface hydrothermal circulation or because they formed on the surface but were subsequently buried by renewed lava extrusion. We present a new suite of computational models showing how the size and position of a weakened brittle zone within a dome can affect large-scale fracture formation, displacement, and the collapse mechanism. By combining recent laboratory data for the mechanical behavior of dome rocks with discrete element method models, we show (1) the presence of a weak zone increases instability, which is exacerbated when the size of the zone increases or the zone is positioned off-center; (2) the position of the weak zone changes the deformation mechanism from slumping-type slope deformation when the zone is positioned centrally, compared with deep-seated rotational slope failure when the zone is positioned toward the dome flank; and finally, (3) dome-cutting tensile fractures form in the presence of a small weak zone (60 m diameter, ∼14% of dome width), whereas large weak zones (120 m diameter, ∼27% of dome width) promote the formation of longer and deeper fractures that jeopardize larger dome volumes. Our results corroborate previous field observations at lava domes and indicate that large fracture formation, which greatly influences dome stability and outgassing, can be explained by the presence of concealed alteration zones. This improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for dome instability enables better hazard assessment at volcanoes worldwide.
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access with Finite Blocklength for Short-Packet and Low-Latency Downlink Communications (2021)

Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) is an emerging flexible and powerful multiple access for downlink multiantenna networks. In this paper, we introduce the concept of RSMA into short-packet downlink communications. We design optimal linear precoders that maximize the sum rate with Finite Blocklength (FBL) constraints. The relations between the sum rate and blocklength of RSMA are investigated for a wide range of network loads and user deployments. Numerical results demonstrate that RSMA can achieve the same transmission rate as Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) with shorter blocklengths (and therefore lower latency), especially in overloaded multi-antenna networks. Hence, we conclude that RSMA is a promising multiple access for low-latency communications.
Backbone Hydrocarbon-Constrained Nucleic Acids Modulate Hybridization Kinetics for RNA (2022)

The binding affinity of therapeutic oligonucleotides (ONs) for their cognate RNA is determined by the rates of association (ka) and dissociation (kd). Single-stranded ONs are highly flexible and can adopt multiple conformations in solution, some of which may not be conducive for hybridization. We investigated if restricting rotation around the sugar–phosphate backbone, by tethering two adjacent backbone phosphonate esters using hydrocarbon bridges, can modulate hybridization kinetics of the modified ONs for complementary RNA. Given the large number of possible analogues with different tether lengths and configurations at the phosphorus atoms, we employed molecular dynamic simulations to optimize the size of the hydrocarbon bridge to guide the synthetic efforts. The backbone-constrained nucleotide trimers with stereodefined configurations at the contiguous backbone phosphorus atoms were assembled using a ring-closing metathesis reaction, then incorporated into oligonucleotides by an in situ synthesis of the phosphoramidites followed by coupling to solid supports. Evaluation of the modified oligonucleotides revealed that 15-membered macrocyclic-constrained analogues displayed similar or slightly improved on-rates but significantly increased off-rates compared to unmodified DNA ONs, resulting in reduced duplex stability. In contrast, LNA ONs with conformationally preorganized furanose rings showed similar on-rates to DNA ONs but very slow off-rates, resulting in net improvement in duplex stability. Furthermore, the experimental data generally supported the molecular dynamics simulation results, suggesting that this strategy can be used as a predictive tool for designing the next generation of constrained backbone ON analogues with improved hybridization properties.
Tightening fractional covering upper bounds on the partition function for high-order region graphs (2012)

In this paper we present a new approach for tightening upper bounds on the partition function. Our upper bounds are based on fractional covering bounds on the entropy function, and result in a concave program to compute these bounds and a convex program to tighten them. To solve these programs effectively for general region graphs we utilize the entropy barrier method, thus decomposing the original programs by their dual programs and solve them with dual block optimization scheme. The entropy barrier method provides an elegant framework to generalize the message-passing scheme to high-order region graph, as well as to solve the block dual steps in closed-form. This is a key for computational relevancy for large problems with thousands of regions. 1
A New Design of Multiresolution Smart Image Sensor (2001)

An image sensor is described that has programmable multiresolution readout capability. Unlike the previously reported spatially variant sampling sensor which sub-samples without filtering, this sensor averages blocks of the pixels and reads them out. It thus does not suffer aliasing effects. The 64×64 pixel array is programmed to read out the averaged pixel values around the center pixels. These values can be computed for differing block sizes (3×3, 5×5, or 7×7) around the center pixel. The block size can be selected for each pixel, and the blocks can overlap. The use of this sensor will, for example, eliminate the need for software-intensive image pyramid reconstruction.
Seeing the Long-Sought Intermediate in the Reaction of Oxoiron(IV) Porphyrin Cation Radicals with Olefins (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeeing the Long-Sought Intermediate in the Reaction of Oxoiron(IV) Porphyrin Cation Radicals with OlefinsZeev Gross and Shay NimriCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 30, 8021–8022Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00135a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00135a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views213Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparative evaluation of T-type topologies comprising standard and reverse-blocking IGBTs (2013)

For a Three-Level Three-phase T-type (3LTTC) rectifier and inverter of a high efficiency Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) with an output power of 20 kVA, most suitable semiconductor components are selected. For this purpose, this paper details conduction and switching loss models of T-type rectifiers and inverters, compares the total semiconductor losses achieved for RB-IGBTs and for different types of conventional IGBTs, and evaluates the improvements achieved if the Si rectifier diodes are replaced by SiC Schottky Barrier Diodes (SiC SBDs). The switching loss model is parameterized with measured switching losses. According to the results of this comparison, the rectifier preferably employs RB-IGBTs to realize the bi-directional switch and SiC SBDs for the rectifier diodes; switching frequencies up to 32.5 kHz are feasible for total semiconductor losses of the rectifier of 250W. For the inverter, a realization of the bi-directional switch using an anti-series connection of conventional IGBT/SiC SBD modules is found to be most suitable and facilitates a switching frequency of 19.7 kHz for maximum allowed losses of 250 W.