gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal Oxide Interlayers Enable Lower-Cost Electrodes in PbS QD Solar Cells (2023)

PbS quantum dots (QDs) are an emerging light-absorbing material for thin-film solar cells. However, state-of-the-art solar cell architectures rely on a gold electrode, which raises material costs to 3× more than the 2030 US DOE SunShot target module price. Here, we enable both aluminum and copper electrodes to replace gold through a NiOx interlayer. An additional indium tin oxide (ITO) buffer layer between the NiOx interlayer and electrode further enables longer shelf lifetimes. By combining these layers, we lower electrode material costs in PbS QD solar cells by a factor of 130000 without compromising power conversion efficiency or stability.
Search for dark matter produced with an energetic jet or a hadronically decaying W or Z boson at s = 13 $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV (2017)

A search for dark matter particles is performed using events with large missing transverse momentum, at least one energetic jet, and no leptons, in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 12.9 fb -1 . The search includes events with jets from the hadronic decays of a W or Z boson. The data are found to be in agreement with the predicted background contributions from standard model processes. The results are presented in terms of simplified models in which dark matter particles are produced through interactions involving a vector, axial-vector, scalar, or pseudoscalar mediator. Vector and axial-vector mediator particles with masses up to 1.95 TeV, and scalar and pseudoscalar mediator particles with masses up to 100 and 430 GeV respectively, are excluded at 95% confidence level. The results are also interpreted in terms of the invisible decays of the Higgs boson, yielding an observed (expected) 95% confidence level upper limit of 0.44 (0.56) on the corresponding branching fraction. The results of this search provide the strongest constraints on the dark matter pair production cross section through vector and axial-vector mediators at a particle collider. When compared to the direct detection experiments, the limits obtained from this search provide stronger constraints for dark matter masses less than 5, 9, and 550 GeV, assuming vector, scalar, and axial-vector mediators, respectively. The search yields stronger constraints for dark matter masses less than 200 GeV, assuming a pseudoscalar mediator, when compared to the indirect detection results from Fermi-LAT.
New method for the synthesis of epidithiodiketopiperazines (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew method for the synthesis of epidithiodiketopiperazinesYoshito. Kishi, Tohru. Fukuyama, and Shinichi. NakatsukaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 19, 6490–6492Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00800a077RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views955Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (336 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel trench-defined MISIM CCD structure for X-ray imaging and other applications (1989)

A charge-coupled device (CCD) utilizing a trench-defined metal-insulator-semiconductor-insulator-metal (MISIM) sandwich structure is proposed and analyzed. The CCD features high charge capacity and a deep photogenerated carrier collection depth. The trench CCD structure has potential application in X-ray imaging as well as in high-density visible and infrared imaging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Platelet activity as a result of exposure to high-intensity focused ultrasound (2000)

Using platelet-rich plasma, we investigated the capability of 1.1-MHz cw high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) to produce ‘‘acoustic primary hemostasis,’’ including platelet activation, aggregation, and adhesion to a collagen-coated surface. Platelet activity was evaluated for exposure durations of 100–500 s at intensities of 0–2250 W/cm2. In order to avoid heating effects, temperatures in platelet trials were maintained below 42 °C through use of a tank cooling system and control of exposure parameters. Flow cytometry, laser aggregometry, conventional microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and passive cavitation detection were used to quantify platelet activation, aggregation, adhesion, and associated cavitation. HIFU can activate platelets and cause them to adhere to a collagen-coated surface. Cavitation was monitored during aggregation trials and was quantified to provide a relative measure of the amount of cavitation that occurred in each aggregation trial. Regression analysis shows weak correlation between aggregation and intensity, and a strong correlation between aggregation and cavitation occurrence. [Research supported by DARPA.]
Correlation between the Dynamics of Nanoconfined Water and the Local Chemical Environment in Calcium Silicate Hydrate Nanominerals (2021)

Abstract Invited for the cover of this issue is Cyril Aymonier and co‐workers at University of Bordeaux and University of the Basque Country. The image depicts the different distributions of water molecules in xonotlite and tobermorite nanominerals synthesised in supercritical water. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202100098 .
A new polymorphic probe on chromosome 22: NB84 (D22S183) (1991)

A new polymorphic probe on chromosome 22: NB84 (D22S183) R.H.Lekanne Deprez, R.H.Lekanne Deprez * *To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Pathology, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N.A.van Biezen, N.A.van Biezen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Heutink, P. Heutink 1Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University,The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K.R.G.S. Boejharat, K.R.G.S. Boejharat Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A.de Klein, A.de Klein 2Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University,The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A.H.M.Geurts van Kessel, A.H.M.Geurts van Kessel 3Department of Human Genetics, University of Nijmegen,The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E.C. Zwarthoff E.C. Zwarthoff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 3, 11 February 1991, Page 687, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.3.687 Published: 11 February 1991
A Novel 400-Gb/s (100-Gb/s × 4) Physical-Layer Architecture Using Low-Power Technology (2012)

A novel 400-Gb/s (100-Gb/s × 4) physical-layer architecture for the next-generation Ethernet — using 100-Gb/s serial (optical single-wavelength) transmission — is proposed. As for the next-generation 400-Gb/s Ethernet, additional requirements from the market, such as power reduction and further miniaturization in addition to attaining even higher transmission speed, must be satisfied. To satisfy these requirements, a 100-Gb/s×4 Ethernet physical-layer architecture is proposed. This architecture uses a 100-Gb/s serial (optical single-wavelength) transmission Ethernet and low-power technologies for a multi-lane transmission Ethernet. These technologies are implemented on a 100-Gb/s serial (optical single wavelength) transmission Ethernet using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Experimental evaluation of this implementation demonstrates the feasibility of low-power 400-Gb/s Ethernet.
Tips for Saving Energy in Pumping Operations (1993)

Pumps that are operating efficiently look just like those that are wasting energy. It takes some work to identify which pumps are inefficient and why. The best approach depends on the size of the utility and its budget. Pump inefficiency can be addressed at several levels that range, in order of increasing cost, from field testing of equipment to the use of optimal computer control.
A NOVEL METHOD TO MEASURE CARDIAC OUTPUT IN THE PEDIATRIC ICU: ANIMAL VALIDATION AND PRELIMINARY CLINICAL STUDY. (2006)

Schulenberg, A; Harmon, W; Rubenstein, J; Ragosta, K; Darling, E; Searles, B; Thuramalla, N; Kislukhin, V; Krivitski, N Author Information
'Meta-atomless' architecture based on an irregular continuous fabric of\n coupling-tuned identical nanopillars enables highly efficient and achromatic\n metasurfaces (2020)

Metasurfaces are subwavelength-thick constructs, consisting of discrete meta-atoms, providing discretized levels of phase accumulation that collectively approximate a designed optical functionality. The meta-atoms utilizing geometric phase with polarization-converting structures produced encouraging implementations of optical components including metalenses. However, to date, a pending and fundamental problem of this approach has been the low device efficiency that such resulting components suffer, an unwanted side effect of large lattice constants used for preventing inter-coupling of their meta-atoms. Although the use of near-field coupling for tuning electromagnetic resonances found its use in constructing efficient narrow-band designs, such structures fell short of providing high efficiency over a broad spectrum. Here, we propose and show that tightly packed fabric of identical dielectric nanopillar waveguides with continuously-tuned inter-coupling distances make excellent and complete achromatic metasurface elements. This architecture enables the scatterers to interact with the incoming wave extremely efficiently. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we showed an achromatic cylindrical metalens, constructed from strongly coupled dielectric nanopillars of a single geometry as continuously-set phase elements in a 'meta-atomless' fashion, working in the entirety of 400-700 nm band. This metalens achieves over 85 percent focusing efficiency across this whole spectral range. To combat polarization sensitivity, we used hexagonally stacked nanopillars to build up a polarization-independent scatterer library. Finally, a circular metalens with polarization-independent operation and achromatic focusing was obtained. This is a paradigm shift in making an achromatic metasurface architecture by wovening identical nanopillars coupled into an irregular lattice constructed via careful tuning.
Noncollinear Traveling Wave Electro-Optic Bragg Cell (1987)

We have overcome the frequency limitations of traveling wave electro-optic modulators (TWEOMs) through the use of a noncollinear interaction. We derive the efficiency of the device and show that this electro-optic modulator may also be used as a Bragg cell.
Vav1 Is a Component of Transcriptionally Active Complexes (2002)

The importance of the hematopoietic protooncogene Vav1 in immune cell function is widely recognized, although its regulatory mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we examined whether Vav1 has a nuclear function, as past studies have reported its nuclear localization. Our findings provide a definitive demonstration of Vav1 nuclear localization in a receptor stimulation-dependent manner and reveal a critical role for the COOH-terminal Src homology 3 (SH3) domain and a nuclear localization sequence within the pleckstrin homology domain. Analysis of DNA-bound transcription factor complexes revealed nuclear Vav1 as an integral component of transcriptionally active nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)- and nuclear factor (NF)kappaB-like complexes, and the COOH-terminal SH3 domain as being critical in their formation. Thus, we describe a novel nuclear role for Vav1 as a component and facilitator of NFAT and NFkappaB-like transcriptional activity.
NAND Flash Memory/ReRAM Hybrid Unified Solid-State-Storage Architecture (2014)

The proposed unified solid-state storage (USSS) with hybrid NAND flash memory/ReRAM provides high system-level data protection. In the conventional storage system, the hierarchical storage architecture (Server/Disk array/SSD/NAND flash memory) has duplicated functions. USSS solves this structural problem of the conventional enterprise-storage systems. The proposed unified storage controller integrates the duplicated functions (error corrections and redundancies). Five highly reliable techniques are presented; reverse-mirroring (RM), shift-mirroring (SM), error-reduction synthesis (ERS), page-RAID, and error-masking (EM). SM is a modified technique from RM with no ReRAM buffer. These technologies utilize error-patterns asymmetries of the NAND flash memory and fast, page-rewritable and high endurance ReRAM. RM, SM and EM are the mirroring techniques to reduce bit-errors of the NAND flash memory by intelligently allocating the write address and comparing the data in the primary/mirrored NAND flash memories, respectively. The page-RAID generates the block-parity in each block and EM records the error-location during read. Without mirroring, the acceptable raw BER of the NAND flash memory (ABER) increases by 4.4×. Moreover, when RM, ERS, page-RAID, and EM are applied, the ABER increases by 32×. This corresponds to an increase of the endurance or the data-retention time of the NAND flash memory by 4.2 or 34×.
Comparison of Different Dilution Methods for Measuring Diesel Particle Emissions (2004)

Particle emissions from a turbo-charged diesel off-road engine were characterized with DMA + CNC and electron microscopy for comparison of different sampling and dilution systems. Four different sampling methods were used: (1) two ejector diluters, (2) partial flow and ejector diluter, (3) porous tube and ejector diluter, and (4) porous tube diluter. Number size distributions for partial flow and ejector dilution had modes at 25–30 nm and at 45–50 nm independent of the dilution ratio. The mode at 25–30 nm indicated nucleation during dilution in these experiments and was clearly most significant for the partial flow and ejector diluter setup. This was attributed to the temperature difference between exhaust gas, sample line, and partial flow diluter and cold dilution air. For other dilution systems the main mode was at 45 nm and indications of a mode at 15–20 nm were observed depending on the dilution ratio. Especially for the porous tube diluter, the main mechanism for particle growth was condensation on the surfaces of the existing particles. According to this study the best dilution system for obtaining a number size distribution without any significant nucleation effects was the porous tube dilution setup.
E-034 pipeline embolization for endoluminal reconstruction of blister-type carotid aneurysms after failed clip-wrapping (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Ruptured blister aneurysms of the carotid artery are difficult to safely treat. We present a novel strategy of microsurgical clip-wrapping of internal carotid artery blister aneurysms in the setting of acute rupture, followed by delayed placement of a Pipeline Embolization Device for definitive treatment. <h3>Clinical Presentation</h3> We present cases of ruptured blister aneurysms of the internal carotid artery treated by wrapping of the diseased segment of the vessel, followed by delayed deployment of a flow-diverting stent once the patient was out of the vasospasm window but during the same hospitalization. <h3>Results</h3> Clip-wrapping followed by flow diversion in a delayed fashion results in anatomic remodeling of the diseased artery without a high morbidity. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A combined approach of acute surgical stabilization followed by definitive endovascular reconstruction may reduce hemorrhagic complications while improving long-term treatment durability. <h3>Disclosures</h3> Y. Kalani: None. F. Albuquerque: None. M. Levitt: None. P. Nakaji: None. R. Spetzler: None. C. McDougall: None.
Compact Low-Noise Frequency Combs: Microchip or Photonic Crystal Fiber? (2016)

We stabilize a frequency comb generated by supercontinuum from a Si3N4 microchip and compare it to that generated in silica photonic crystal fibers. For high effective nonlinearities, spontaneous Raman scattering in silica can significantly degrade the supercontinuum coherence.
Fluorescence of supercooled molecules as a probe for intramolecular vibrational redistribution rates (1980)

A theory is developed for the fluorescence spectra of supercooled polyatomic molecules in a jet. A single molecular mode (the ’’system’’) is assumed to be optically active and the other modes constitute a ’’bath’’ which induces line broadening and relaxation. Since the bath is finite and is initially cold, its motion is strongly correlated with that of the system. The correlated reduced dynamics of the system and bath is treated using the Mori projection operator technique. The present ’’tetradic reduced description’’ becomes useful especially in large statistical molecules where many molecular states are involved in the fluorescence. This is precisely the limit where the effective Hamiltonian formalism commonly used for the intramolecular dynamics in intermediate size molecules becomes very tedious and impractical. The fluorescence spectra in large statistical molecules may be interpreted in terms of simple rate equations and may be used to directly monitor the intramolecular vibrational redistribution of energy (IVR). We further compare the spectra predicted for statistical and intermediate size molecules with the existing experimental results in supersonic beams.
ChemInform Abstract: Deformation Behavior of an Al2O3‐Y3Al5O12 Eutectic Composite in Comparison with Sapphire and YAG. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of highly efficacious hydrophobic paclitaxel prodrugs delivered in nanoparticles for fixed-ratio drug combination applications (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

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In vitro evidence has revealed that many drug combinations can act either synergistically or antagonistically, depending on the exposed drug ratio. Since the pharmacokinetic behavior of the individual drugs cannot be controlled when administered in a conventional aqueous based cocktail, drug delivery systems must be utilized to maintain optimal drug ratios. We report here the development of nanoparticle delivery systems for hydrophobic drugs where plasma drug levels can be controlled in a manner that can be readily adapted to deliver drug combinations. Paclitaxel is a hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drug that is typically used in combination with other agents to treat breast, lung and ovarian cancer. Poor drug solubility necessitates its formulation into a mixture of Cremophor and ethanol. Toxicity associated with the use of Cremophor has resulted in formulation efforts using polymer micelles or nanoparticles with hydrophobic cores to serve as a drug reservoir. While paclitaxel can be efficiently solubilized in these delivery systems, the drug is rapidly cleared from circulation following injection. We have generated a series of hydrophobic paclitaxel prodrugs with the objective of enhancing and controlling drug circulation lifetime through changes in the hydrophobic lipid anchor composition. Paclitaxel prodrugs were stably incorporated into amphiphilic block copolymer nanoparticles and administered intravenously into mice. The nanoparticles were shown to have an elimination half-life of approximately 24 h in vivo . The rate at which the prodrug was released from the nanoparticles could be controlled by adjusting the hydrophobicity of the lipid anchor, resulting in release rates ranging from 1h to 24 h. The nanoparticle formulations could be stored stably at 4°C for several months. To evaluate the therapeutic activity of the various paclitaxel prodrugs, nanoparticle formulations were administered intravenously into mice bearing HT29 human colon xenograph tumors. As the plasma half-life and area under the curve of the prodrug increased, activity against HT29 tumors also increased. Paclitaxel prodrug nanoparticles more than doubled the time for HT29 tumors to reach 400 mg relative to commercial paclitaxel in Cremophor, when both treatments were administered at MTD using optimal treatment regimens. The paclitaxel prodrugs could be co-formulated with hydrophobic prodrug analogues of water-soluble agents such as doxorubicin and dual-drug nanoparticles maintained the two agents at the injected drug:drug ratio in the plasma for extended times after injection. Formulating hydrophobic prodrugs in nanoparticles provides a novel approach to co-deliver anticancer drug combinations with widely differing physicochemical properties and maintain optimal drug:drug ratios in vivo .
Practical study on real-time hand detection (2009)

In this paper we describe algorithms and image features that can be used to construct a real-time hand detector. We present our findings using the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) features in combination with two variations of the AdaBoost algorithm. First, we compare stump and tree weak classifier. Next, we investigate the influence of a large training database. Furthermore, we compare the performance of HOG against the Haar-like features.
Combinatorial Chemical Synthesis of 4-Heteroaryl-3-substituted Pyrroles from Nitroalkenes (2004)

A small library of 4-(2-furyl)-or 4-(2-thienyl)-3-substituted pyrroles has been prepared by reaction of 2-(2-furyl or 2-thienyl)-1-nitro-1-alkenes (1) with secondary enamines (2).The reaction gives pyrrole derivatives by means of a Michael-type addition intermediate.Cyclization is influenced by the nature of the solvent and the substituent in the enamine β position, and by enamine-nitrogen nucleophilicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective and General Synthesis of Primary β‐Fluoroamines. (2012)

Abstract Various title compounds can be prepared in a diastereoselective manner starting with the reaction between aldehydes (I) and optically active sulfimine (II).