gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WE‐G‐BRA‐05: Post‐Radiation Normalized FDG‐PET versus Radiation Dose Correlates with Radiation Pneumonitis Symptoms and the Nitric Oxide Ratio (2011)

Purpose: To quantify the relationship between the post‐treatment [18F]‐2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) uptake and radiation dose received and correlate this relationship with prospectively scored pulmonary radiation toxicity. Methods: 34 patients treated for esophageal cancer with thoracic radiotherapy were evaluated prospectively at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. The treatment planning computed tomography (CT) imaging was registered with the restaging PET/CT. Using histogram analysis, the voxel average FDG‐PET uptake vs. radiation dose was obtained for each case and linear regression was performed. The slope of the linear regression was termed the pulmonary metabolic response rate (PMRR). Common Toxicity Criteria version 4 was used to score pneumonitis. Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) was measured on the first and last days of radiation treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the threshold PMRR, mean lung dose, volume of lung receiving 5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy and eNO ratio (End/beginning) that can best predict symptomatic patients. Results: 29 patients were evaluable. The median of the mean standard uptake value from lung that received 0–5 Gy was 0.51 (range, 0.34–1.24), 5–10 Gy was 0.71 (range, 0.39–1.32), 10–20 Gy was 0.78 (0.40–1.56), and &gt; 20 Gy was 1.10 (range, 0.43–3.01). 25 patients had grade 0 or 1 pulmonary symptom score and 4 patients had grade 2 or higher (symptomatic) score. Both PMRR and the eNO ratio gave a significant area under the curve of 0.86 (p = 0.02) and 1 (p&lt;0.001) respectively. Using a PMRR threshold of 0.0184 yielded a true positive rate of 0.75 and false positive rate of 0.125. Conclusions: In this prospective study, the PMRR predicted for development of radiation pneumonitis. This unique quantitative assessment of radiation pnuemonitis can be used for quality control to deliver higher doses of radiation safely.
Surfactant assisted polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene in supercritical carbon dioxide with a pilot scale batch reactor Part A Polymer chemistry (2008)

Chain-free radical polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) was carried out in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂), at 50 °C and 121-133 bar, with tertiary-amyl-per-pivalate as a free radical initiator, using a 5-L pilot scale batch reactor. Experiments were carried out both in the absence and in the presence of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) carboxylate surfactants. Stabilizers were employed under the free acid form and as sodium and calcium salts. An expanded fibrillated poly(TFE) was obtained in all experiments. In the case of surfactant-free polymerizations, the product was mainly constituted by irregular shape macroparticles having size in the range 200-500 μm. Quite interestingly, when the free acid surfactant was used, a clear acceleration of the polymerization rate was observed and smaller polymer particles with more regular quasi-spherical morphology were obtained. Melt fusion crystallinity of as-polymerized poly(TFE) seemed not substantially affected by the presence of the stabilizers and was rather high (80-86%) suggesting that polymerization mainly occurs at polymer particle surface. All these elements suggest that FLUOROLINK® 7004H PFPE carboxylic acid decreases coagulation of primary polymer particles leading to an increase in polymer surface area. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 257-266, 2008
ChemInform Abstract: DBU‐Promoted Regioselective HBr‐Elimination of Vicinal Dibromides: Effects of the Adjacent Oxygen and/or Other Heterofunctional Groups. (2015)

Abstract The HBr‐elimination of vicinal dibromides possessing an adjacent heteroatom is studied both experimentally and by theoretical calculations.
BAECC: A Field Campaign to Elucidate the Impact of Biogenic Aerosols on Clouds and Climate (2016)

Abstract During Biogenic Aerosols—Effects on Clouds and Climate (BAECC), the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program deployed the Second ARM Mobile Facility (AMF2) to Hyytiälä, Finland, for an 8-month intensive measurement campaign from February to September 2014. The primary research goal is to understand the role of biogenic aerosols in cloud formation. Hyytiälä is host to the Station for Measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations II (SMEAR II), one of the world’s most comprehensive surface in situ observation sites in a boreal forest environment. The station has been measuring atmospheric aerosols, biogenic emissions, and an extensive suite of parameters relevant to atmosphere–biosphere interactions continuously since 1996. Combining vertical profiles from AMF2 with surface-based in situ SMEAR II observations allows the processes at the surface to be directly related to processes occurring throughout the entire tropospheric column. Together with the inclusion of extensive surface precipitation measurements and intensive observation periods involving aircraft flights and novel radiosonde launches, the complementary observations provide a unique opportunity for investigating aerosol–cloud interactions and cloud-to-precipitation processes in a boreal environment. The BAECC dataset provides opportunities for evaluating and improving models of aerosol sources and transport, cloud microphysical processes, and boundary layer structures. In addition, numerical models are being used to bridge the gap between surface-based and tropospheric observations.
Modulating role for thromboxane in the tubuloglomerular feedback response in the rat. (1988)

Some studies have indicated that PGs can modulate the single nephron tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) response. The aim of this study was to define the specific role of the vasoconstrictor PG, TX, by administration to rats of either vehicle (group 1; n = 20) or drugs that inhibit either cyclooxygenase (indomethacin [indo], 5 mg.kg-1, group 2, n = 17), TX synthetase (UK-38,485 [UK], 100 mg.kg-1, group 3, n = 19), or TX receptors (SQ-29,548 [SQ], 8 mg.kg-1, group 4, n = 14, or L-641,953 [L], 50 mg.kg-1, group 5, n = 8). Indo reduced excretion of the prostacyclin derivative 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 and lowered whole kidney GFR and renal plasma flow, whereas UK lowered excretion of TXB2 only and did not change basal renal hemodynamics. The TGF response (assessed from reduction in proximal tubule stop-flow pressure (Psf, mmHg) during increases in perfusion of the loop of Henle (LH) from 0 to 40 nl.min-1) was unchanged after vehicle (9.8 +/- 0.5-10.9 +/- 1.0, NS) but blunted (P less than 0.001) by 40-65% in rats of groups 2-5 (indo, 11.1 +/- 1.0-4.4 +/- 0.7; UK, 9.0 +/- 0.8-4.8 +/- 0.7; SQ, 10.3 +/- 0.6-4.8 +/- 0.6; L, 10.7 +/- 0.5-6.7 +/- 1.3). This blunting was due to lower values for Psf at zero LH flow after indo, SQ, and L, and higher values of Psf at 40 nl.min-1 LH flow after indo and UK. The fall in single nephron GFR (SNGFR, nl.min-1) with increasing LH perfusion was unchanged after vehicle (10.9 +/- 2.8-11.2 +/- 0.8) but was blunted (P less than 0.05) by 45-55% in rats given indo (13.9 +/- 1.2-6.2 +/- 2.2) or UK (12.8 +/- 2.1-7.0 +/- 1.5). UK produced dose-dependent reductions in TXB2 excretion (IC50, 15 mg.kg-1) and inhibition of the TGF response (IC50: 30 mg.kg-1). After blockade of TX receptors by SQ, UK had no further affect on the TGF response. The fall in Psf at high LH flow was blunted (P less than 0.05) by indo and UK, whereas the rise in Psf at zero LH flow was blunted by indo, SQ, and L. In conclusion, endogenous TX generation can modulate the reductions in Psf and SNGFR during increased delivery of NaCl to the LH.
New insights on dandruff/seborrhoeic dermatitis: the role of the scalp follicular infundibulum in effective treatment strategies (2011)

Effective therapeutic D/SD products must deliver the antifungal active material to the infundibulum as well as superficially on the scalp surface. This is achieved by certain therapeutic ZPT shampoos, in which the particle size of ZPT is likely to be an important factor in determining the efficiency of spatial delivery.
Toward a Janus Cluster: Regiospecific Decarboxylation of Ag44(4-MBA)30@Ag Nanoparticles (2016)

The ligand shell structure of the aspicule Ag44(4-MBA)30 (MBA: mercaptobenzoic acid, in the thiolate form) was modified in a precise, site-specific manner. Laser irradiation at 633 nm of a monolayer assembly of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles (NPs) covered with Ag44(4-MBA)30 clusters leads to decarboxylation of 4-MBA ligands forming thiophenolate (TP) ligands. While the molecular identity and integrity of aspicules post laser irradiation were confirmed by ESI MS, time-dependent SERS spectra and computational studies suggest that the phenomenon of decarboxylation is limited to the 4-MBA ligands facing the NP surface. This creates modified Ag44 clusters, with 4-MBA ligands on one side and TP ligands on the other, giving them a two-faced (Janus) ligand structure. The ligand distribution of such clusters gets equilibrated in solution. We show that such selective transformation can be used to create molecular patterns. Janus clusters may be important in chemistry at biphasic interfaces.
Versatile air-coupled phased array transducer for sensor applications (2015)

We introduce a versatile one-dimensional (1D) air-coupled phased array transducer device operating at 40 kHz. It allows both - transmit beam steered ultrasound at high sound pressure level and it can sense beam steered ultrasound. This device opens the door to many new sensory applications. Conventionally, low frequency sensor array design for air-coupled application was not possible due to the inter element spacing (also referred as pitch) criteria that needs to be satisfied for given applications. We overcome this limitation by introducing a smart packaging layer that separates the acoustic aperture from the actual radiating aperture of the ultrasonic transducer. By doing this, we ensure that the half wavelength criteria is fulfilled. The proposed new design leads to a wide operation range without any undesirable grating lobes. A proof of concept prototype device was built and its performance evaluated in the laboratory. An impressive 130 ± 1 dB sound pressure level (SPL) was observed at a distance of 1m. The prototype also was capable of steering approximately 110° in total, in both transmit and receive mode of operation.
High-Density Infrared Cladding of Ta on Steel (2006)

Abstract The addition of tantalum to the inside diameter of a gun barrel would reduce erosion during firing of medium and large caliber guns. In this work, chemical vapor deposited (CVD) Ta was bonded to A723 Steel. High-density infrared (HDI) heating was employed to bond Ta to steel at 1440°C while maintaining bulk steel temperatures below the 357°C threshold for retaining beneficial compressive stresses (autofrettage). Through-thickness temperature evolution modeling was performed. Metallographic evaluation of claddings is reported. Characterization of the interface showed that metallurgical bonding occurred while keeping bulk temperatures low. Keywords: High density infrared processingSteelTantalum
Sparsity Learning Based Multiuser Detection in Grant-Free Massive-Device Multiple Access (2018)

In this work, we study the multiuser detection (MUD) problem for a grant-free massive-device multiple access (MaDMA) system, where a large number of single-antenna user devices transmit sporadic data to a multi-antenna base station (BS). Specifically, we put forth two MUD schemes, termed random sparsity learning multiuser detection (RSL-MUD) and structured sparsity learning multiuser detection (SSL-MUD) for the time-slotted and non-time-slotted grant-free MaDMA systems, respectively. In the time-slotted RSL-MUD scheme, active users generate and transmit data packets with random sparsity. In the non-time-slotted SSL-MUD scheme, we introduce a sliding-window-based detection framework, and the user signals in each observation window naturally exhibit structured sparsity. We show that by exploiting the sparsity embedded in the user signals, we can recover the user activity state, the channel, and the user data in a single phase, without using pilot signals for channel estimation and/or active user identification. To this end, we develop a message-passing based statistical inference framework for the BS to blindly detect the user data without any prior knowledge of the identities and the channel state information (CSI) of the active users. Simulation results show that our RSL-MUD and SSL-MUD schemes significantly outperform their counterpart schemes in both reducing the transmission overhead and improving the error behavior of the system.
Fetal homotypic transplant in the excitotoxically neuron‐depleted thalamus: Light microscopy (1988)

One month after an in situ injection of kainic acid into the ventrobasal thalamic complex (VB), the lesioned area is totally depleted of neurons. The present study has been undertaken to determine the cytoarchitecture and connectivity of the nucleus constructed by fetal thalamic neurons implanted into the excitotoxically lesioned area. Adult rats received an injection of kainic acid inducing a total neuronal depletion of the right lateral thalamus (including both the nucleus reticularis thalami and the lateral portion of the ventrobasal complex). One month later, homotypic neurons were taken from the dorsal thalamic primordium of rat embryos (gestational age 15-16 days), dissociated, and injected into the lesioned area as a cell suspension. After 2-4-month survival, the cytoarchitecture of the neonucleus formed by the grafted neurons within the previously neuron-depleted area was analyzed. Additionally, connectivity was analyzed in seven rats in which dorsal column nuclei and/or cortical projections to the area were labeled anterogradely with either 3H-leucine or wheat-germ agglutinin conjugated to HRP, and the animals were perfused and processed following various histological procedures (Nissl staining, autoradiographic processing, and histochemistry for visualization of peroxidase). Fetal neurons grew, differentiated, and progressively occupied the previously neuron-depleted area of the adult host CNS. They organized themselves into a neonucleus with particular cytoarchitectural features including 1) the existence of two concentric zones--a central zone containing neurons and glial cells and a marginal zone only filled with a band of glial cells, 2) an increase in cellular density compared to the intact thalamus, 3) the grouping of neurons in spherical clusters, and 4) apparent polymorphism of neuronal somata. Lemniscal and corticothalamic afferents originating from the host were observed in the neonucleus when the fetal neurons had been implanted correctly into the lesioned area but not when they had been misplaced into either normal thalamic tissue or the internal capsule. The afferents labeled from either the dorsal column nuclei or the somatosensory cortex were, however, less dense in the neonucleus than in the normal thalamus. These results are discussed with regard to the normal cytoarchitecture and connectivity of the ventrobasal complex of the rat thalamus.
Crystal structures clarify cofactor binding of plant tyrosine decarboxylase (2019)

Plant tyrosine decarboxylase (TyrDC) is a group II pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent decarboxylase that mainly catalyzes the decarboxylation of tyrosine to tyramine. This is biologically important for diverting essential primary metabolites into secondary metabolic pathways. Intensive studies have characterized the effective of PLP-binding and the substrate specificity of mammalian 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (Dopa) decarboxylases, a member of group II PLP-dependent decarboxylase. However, the characteristics of PLP binding and substrate specificity of plant TyrDCs remain unknown. In this study, we focus on the PLP binding manner, and determined the crystal structures of the apo and PLP binding form of type II TyrDC from Papaver somniferum (PsTyrDCII and PsTyrDCII-PLP). The structures showed that, unlike mammalian Dopa decarboxylase, the binding of PLP does not induce distinct conformational changes of PsTyrDCII regarding the overall structure, but the PLP binding pocket displays conformational changes at Phe124, His203 and Thr262. Combining structural comparation and the obtained biochemical findings, it is demonstrated that PsTyrDCII does not binds PLP tightly. Such characteristics of PLP binding may be required by its catalytic reaction and substrate binding. The activity of TyrDC probably regulated by the concentration of PLP in cells.
Effects of fluid flow on the inclusion separation in continuous casting tundish. (1986)

Tundish performance with respect to inclusion separation has a strong influence on steel cleanliness and overall quality of continuously cast products. In the present study, experiments have been done in several 1/4 and 1/3 scale water models, (based on Froude Number criterion), as well as in a 12t real tundish to compare with model predictions. Residence time diagrams from water models and real systems are in very good agreement demonstrating that model predictions could be useful for continuous casting operation. The time for maximum absorbance, peak of the curve of a residence time diagram, was found to be and overall parameter regarding inclusion separation. Flow control devices such as dams, bales and porous plugs are effectively used as well as volume and shape of the tundish, in case of space limitations in many continuous casting machines in actual operation, specially for the case of billet casters.
Characteristics of the Swirling Flow Generated by an Axial Swirler (2005)

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the aerodynamic characteristics of the confined, non-reacting, swirling flow field. The flow was generated by a helicoidal axial-vaned swirler with a short internal convergent-divergent venturi, which was confined within 2-inch square test section. A series of helicoidal axial-vaned swirlers have been designed with tip vane angles of 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60° and 65°. The swirler with the tip vane angle of 60° was combined with several simulated fuel nozzle insertions of varying lengths. A two-component Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) system was employed to measure the three-component mean velocities and Reynolds stresses. Detailed data are provided to enhance understanding swirling flow with different swirl degrees and geometries and to support the development of more accurate physical/numerical models. The data indicated that the degree of swirl had a clear impact on the mean and turbulent flow fields. The swirling flow fields changed significantly with the addition of a variety of simulated fuel nozzle insertion lengths.
Audio/Video Messaging for Multiple Devices (A Work-in-Progress Report) (2000)

This paper describes an infrastructure that supports data transforms and transmissions as part of multimedia communications. The infrastructure is made up of a specialized resource manager---called media flow manager---which creates and manages media flows. A media flow is the movement of a set of data---through a collection of media processing units---from a set of sources to a set of sinks. The paper describes the programming interface presented to applications by the media flow manager and the programming interface between the media flow manager and media processing units. It also describes how the media flow manager is being used to build an audio/video messaging application, and it describes the design and function of a particular media processing unit---a video transcoder---used by the messaging application.
NON-AXISYMMETRIC CORIOLIS VIBRATORY GYROSCOPE WITH WHOLE ANGLE, FORCE REBALANCE, (2014)

This paper presents detailed performance status and projections for the silicon MEMS Quadruple Mass Gyroscope (QMG) -a unique high Q, lumped mass, mode-symmetric Class II Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscope (CVG) with interchangeable whole angle, self-calibration, and force rebalance mechanizations. Analysis of a QMG sealed without getter with a Q-factor of 1e3 reveals an Angle Random Walk (ARW) of 0.02 deg/rt-hr limited only by the fundamental Mechanical-Thermal Noise (MTN). Propagation of a detailed noise model to a QMG sealed with getter at a Q-factor of 1e6 (previously demonstrated) showed better than Navigation Grade ARW of 0.001 deg/rt-hr. Combination of the very low ARW with the mode-symmetry enabled self-calibration substantiates the navigation grade performance capacity of the Si-MEMS QMG.
Efficient decision tree training with new data structure for secure multi-party computation (2023)

We propose a secure multi-party computation (MPC) protocol that constructs a secret-shared decision tree for a given secret-shared dataset. The previous MPC-based decision tree training protocol (Abspoel et al. 2021) requires $O(2^hmn log n)$ comparisons, being exponential in the tree height $h$ and with $n$ and $m$ being the number of rows and that of attributes in the dataset, respectively. The cause of the exponential number of comparisons in $h$ is that the decision tree training algorithm is based on the divide-and-conquer paradigm, where rows are padded after each split in order to hide the number of rows in the dataset. We resolve this issue via secure data structure that enables us to compute an aggregate value for every group while hiding the grouping information. By using this data structure, we can train a decision tree without padding to rows while hiding the size of the intermediate data. We specifically describes a decision tree training protocol that requires only $O(hmn log n)$ comparisons when the input attributes are continuous and the output attribute is binary. Note that the order is now linear in the tree height $h$. To demonstrate the practicality of our protocol, we implement it in an MPC framework based on a three-party secret sharing scheme. Our implementation results show that our protocol trains a decision tree with a height of 4 in 404 seconds for a dataset of $2^{20}$ rows and 11 attributes.
Efficient coding of segmentation maps for layered object representations (2000)

In object/region-based video coding, the side information is increased by the contour information. Thus, efficient lossy contour coding algorithms have to be developed. A class of very suitable motion segmentation algorithms provide a so-called layered representation of video sequences. Algorithm for segmentation map coding of layered object representations is proposed. It exploits the temporal connectivity of object masks by a transformation into an object domain. The contour coding is done in the object domain by a wavelet-based technique. Performance investigations show that very low bit-rates can be reached.