gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Induces Ovulation and Tissue Plasminogen Activator Expression in Hypophysectomized Rats* (1990)

Ovulation in mammals is preceded by surges of the two pituitary gonadotropins, LH and FSH. Although previous studies have shown that purified FSH induces ovulation when administered to hypophysectomized rats, proof that FSH has inherent ovulatory potential is lacking because all FSH preparations have varying degrees of residual LH. To determine if FSH alone can induce ovulation, we generated LH-free recombinant FSH (RCFSH) by culturing eukaryotic cells transfected with the human common alpha- and FSH beta-subunit genes. Immature hypophysectomized rats were implanted with estrogen and then primed with PMSG (15 IU, sc). Fifty-two hours later, either RCFSH or hCG was injected (sc) to induce ovulation. A dose-dependent increase in the ovulation rate was stimulated by RCFSH, reaching 100% ovulation at 18 IU/rat, comparable to that achieved with 12 IU hCG. The maximum number of oocytes ovulated per ovary was similar for both groups. Ovulation induced by either RCFSH or hCG was time dependent and associated with a periovulatory increase in the ovarian activity and message levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator, a protease important in the preovulatory degradation of the follicle wall. Because PMSG has inherent LH-like activity in rats, we also implanted hypophysectomized rats with a minipump (sc) that released RCFSH (4 IU/day) to induce follicle growth. Fifty-two hours later, a single sc injection of a surge dose (20 IU) of RCFSH also induced ovulation, further indicating the ability of FSH alone to induce both follicle growth and ovulation. To test whether FSH can also induce ovulation in adult animals, rats were hypophysectomized on proestrous morning and treated with increasing doses of RCFSH (ip) to induce ovulation. At 7.8 IU RCFSH, all rats ovulated, with about 10 oocytes/rat. These results demonstrate that RCFSH is capable of inducing ovulation in hypophysectomized immature and adult rats, with associated increases in ovarian tissue-type plasminogen activator gene expression. Thus, FSH may be involved in follicular rupture in addition to its role in follicle recruitment and maturation. The preovulatory surges of both LH and FSH may represent a protective mechanism to ensure an optimal ovulatory stimulus. The present finding also serves as the basis to formulate new ovulation induction protocols.
Atherosclerotic carotid bifurcation phantoms with a stenotic soft inclusion for flow-structure ultrasound imaging analysis (2019)

As the complexity of ultrasound signal processing algorithms increases, it becomes more difficult to demonstrate their added value. In the context of quantitative measurements such as vascular elastography, vector flow mapping, and ultrafast tissue Doppler, innovative validation strategies are required. Phantoms have been widely used but they do not correspond to the geometry of vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaques containing a large lipid pool embedded within the vessel wall of an anthropomorphic lumen geometry. We propose a method of manufacturing such phantoms for applications in flow imaging and elastography. The internal carotid geometry was based on a computed tomography scan of a healthy individual. During the fabrication process, a soft inclusion mimicking a stenotic lipid pool was embedded within the vascular wall. The phantom wall and soft inclusion were made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) that undergone different numbers of freezing-thawing cycles to produce different mechanical property. Mechanical testing measured Young's moduli of the vascular wall and soft inclusion at 342 ± 25 kPa and 17 ± 3 kPa, respectively. Strain elastography results on the lipid pool mimicking inclusion, fibrous cap and remaining phantom wall showed greater strain in the lipid pool, which is consistent with expected results. Because of their realistic geometries and mechanical properties, those phantoms may become advantageous for fluid-structure experimental studies and validation of new ultrasound-based imaging technologies.
Intrazeolitic Photoreactions of Ru(bpy)33+ with Methyl Viologen (1998)

Encapsulation of Ru(bpy)33+ in zeolite Y supercages at low loadings leads to a slow reaction (days) with water with eventual recovery of Ru(bpy)32+. Intermediates detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy include covalent hydrates and hydroxylated bipyridine ligands bound to the metal center. The reaction of Ru(bpy)33+−zeolite Y with water is considerably accelerated (hours) in the presence of visible light, even though the intermediate species are similar to the reaction in the dark. The promotion of reactivity in the presence of light is attributed to the nature of visible charge-transfer bands. In the presence of ion-exchanged methyl viologen in neighboring supercages, the disappearance of Ru(bpy)33+ upon visible light photolysis is further accelerated. We propose that the enhanced reactivity is related to the reaction of the covalent hydrates and hydroxylated species of the ruthenium complex with methyl viologen. The emission and excitation spectra of the products extracted from the zeolite after photolysis of the Ru(bpy)33+−methyl viologen sample show evidence of formation of pyridones. Previous studies have shown that pyridones are oxidation products of hydroxyl radical adducts of methyl viologen. It is proposed that hydroxyl radicals formed upon photolysis of Ru(bpy)33+−zeolite Y react with methyl viologen.
[P2–200]: IN VIVO TAUOPATHY MEASURED WITH [18F]‐AV‐1451 IS DIFFERENTIALLY RELATED TO CSF BIOMARKERS OF TAU IN ALZHEIMER's DISEASE: THE INFLUENCE OF AMYLOID DEPOSITION (2017)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) have been used as an indicator of neural injury in AD. Little is known however, how these biomarkers correspond to in vivo measures of Tau burden and how amyloid deposition may influence the relationship of CSF biomarker of tau to in vivotau pathology. Here we investigated a broad spectrum of AD patients including both amnestic and non-amnestic disease entities (N=22). All patients underwent PET Imaging using [18F]-AV-1451 and [11C]-PiB to assess tau and amyloid burden, respectively. Standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were computed by normalizing each image to the non-specific tracer uptake in the cerebellum and SUVRs were extracted from atlas-based (AAL Atlas) cortical regions. Additionally, all patients underwent a routine lumbar puncture where 20–30 ml cerebrospinal fluid was collected. T-Tau and p-tau levels were determined using immunosorbent essay (INNOTEST ELISA; Fujirebio, Europe). We then modelled the interactive effects of cortical amyloid deposition and CSF markers of tau on in vivocortical tau burden. In AD patients with high amyloid, CSF markers of p-tau were strongly related to cortical tau burden, whereas this relationship was less pronounced and only marginally significant in AD patients with low amyloid burden. Contrary, CSF levels of t-tau were not associated with in vivo tau measures in AD patients with high amyloid and only marginally associated with in vivo tau in AD patients with low amyloid.
Suite of three protein crystallography beamlines with single superconducting bend magnet as the source (2004)

At the Advanced Light Source, three protein crystallography beamlines have been built that use as a source one of the three 6 T single-pole superconducting bending magnets (superbends) that were recently installed in the ring. The use of such single-pole superconducting bend magnets enables the development of a hard X-ray program on a relatively low-energy 1.9 GeV ring without taking up insertion-device straight sections. The source is of relatively low power but, owing to the small electron beam emittance, it has high brightness. X-ray optics are required to preserve the brightness and to match the illumination requirements for protein crystallography. This was achieved by means of a collimating premirror bent to a plane parabola, a double-crystal monochromator followed by a toroidal mirror that focuses in the horizontal direction with a 2:1 demagnification. This optical arrangement partially balances aberrations from the collimating and toroidal mirrors such that a tight focused spot size is achieved. The optical properties of the beamline are an excellent match to those required by the small protein crystals that are typically measured. The design and performance of these new beamlines are described.
Sorting breast cancer cells based on deformability (2015)

Due to their direct coupling to the physiology of the cells, the physical properties are especially attractive as markers for sorting and characterization of cancer cells. Where molecular surface markers are lacking, the physical properties can instead serve as inherent markers for separation. This is especially interesting for cancer cells where there are indications that soft cells are more metastatic than hard cells. Our work is expected to provide a deeper understanding of deformability based sorting based on deterministic lateral displacement (DLD). This will subsequently be used to optimize DLD devices for characterization and fractionation of cancer cells into subpopulations of different mechanical properties. Our aim is to develop a device to help oncologists gain more accurate prognoses and better monitoring of the effect of treatment.
Versatility of 'Alternative' Reaction Media: Solventless Organic Synthesis (2004)

Avoiding the use of organic solvents in synthesis is a paradigm shift directed at developing more benign chemistry, and surprisingly can lead to access to new compounds. The solventless approach is effective in sequential aldol and Michael addition reactions in the synthesis of 2,6-substituted pyridines, in aldol condensations, and in the synthesis of cavitands such as calixarenes.
Heat-induced drift reduction of time of flight in fused quartz acoustic waveguides via annealing process (2020)

High temperature structural acoustic sensors play an important role in many applications. Fused quartz waveguide is a popular choice due to its resistance to harsh environments and its convenience of modification. However, time of flight between pulse and echo, which is widely used in these sensors, tends to encounter drifts in fast temperature changing process even after temperature returns to initial value. In this article, different annealing process are performed for a special modified fused quartz waveguide with a sensor node. Annealing treatment is found able to reduce the drift when the waveguide undergoes a sudden temperature spike to 1000 °C at 500 kHz operating acoustic frequency, and the best annealing condition could make the drift one magnitude smaller. A following temperature test up to 1000 °C shows consistent measurement readings.
Wireless Qi-Powered, Multinodal and Multisensory Body Area Network for Mobile Health (2020)

Wireless, battery-free Body Area Networks (BAN) enable reliable long-term health monitoring with minimal intervention, and have the potential to transform patient care via mobile health monitoring. Current approaches for achieving such battery-free networks are limited in the number, capability, and positioning of sensing nodes-this is related to constraints in power supply, data rate, and working distance requirements between the wireless power source and sensing nodes. Here, we investigate a Qi-based, near-field power transfer scheme that can effectively drive wireless, battery-free, multi-node and multi-sensor BAN over long distances. This consists of a single Qi power source (such as a cellphone), a detached/untethered Passive Intermediate Relay (PIR) (facilitates power transfer from a central Qi source to multiple nodes on the body), and finally individual/detached sensing nodes placed throughout the body. Alongside this power scheme we implement the star network topology of a Gazell protocol to enable the continuous connection of one host to many sensing nodes while minimizing data loss over long temporal periods. The high-power transmission capabilities of Qi enables wireless support for a multitude of sensors (up to 12), and sensing nodes (up to 6) with a single transmitter at long distances (60 cm) and a sample rate of 20 Hz. This scheme is studied both in-vitro and in-vivo on the body.
Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 2′-deoxy-2′-C-trifluoromethyl β-d-ribonucleoside analogues bearing the five naturally occurring nucleic acid bases (2003)

2'-Deoxy-2'-C-trifluoromethyl-beta-D-ribonucleoside derivatives bearing the five naturally occurring acid bases have been synthesized. All these derivatives were prepared by glycosylation reactions of purine and pyrimidine bases with a suitable peracylated 2-deoxy-2-C-trifluoromethyl sugar precursor to afford anomeric mixtures of protected nucleosides. After separation and deprotection, the resulting beta-nucleoside analogues were tested for their activity against HIV, HBV and several RNA viruses. However, none of these compounds showed significant antiviral activity nor cytotoxicity.
Adoption of Green Technology: A Diffusion and Learning Process of Consumers (2017)

Concerned consumers for environmental wellbeing judge the quality of products by their environmental attributes. Therefore, the adoption pace of environment friendly production methods greatly depends on consumers’ preferences. We present a model that explains how the adoption of environment friendly technologies is possible due to the dissemination of knowledge amongst consumers. Upon updating their knowledge of environmental attributes, consumers revise their willingness to pay for different products. Public sponsored strategies change consumers’ preferences, and the result is a distinct adoption pace of environment friendly technologies. Applying the Bayesian learning technique, herein we argue that the adoptions of environment friendly technologies are the consumers’ decisions, not the producers’. This is a single model that, using numerical examples, portrays how different public policies modify the adoption pace of environment friendly green technologies.
Synthesis of both enantiomers of optically pure saturated and α,β-unsaturated γ-substituted γ-lactones from chiral sulphoxides. X-Ray molecular structure of (3R,4S)-4-methyl-4-t-butyl-3-(p-tolylthio)butanolide and of (3R,4R)-4-(cyclohex-1-enyl)-4-methyl-3-(p-tolylthio)butanolide (1986)

The lithium carbanions of optically pure (+)-(R)-p-tolyl alkyl sulphoxides (5) reacted with lithium bromoacetate and gave (+)-(R)-3-(p-tolylsulphinyl)carboxylic acids (3). Their dimetallation produced a chiral homoenolate dianion equivalent (6) which added to carbonyl compounds (4) to furnish sulphinyl lactones (7) in moderate chemical and optical yields. However, single diastereoisomers of these compounds could be easily separated through chromatography, and were transformed in high yields into both enantiomers of optically pure saturated and α,β-unsaturated γ-lactones (1) and (2). Relative and absolute stereochemistry of all the products obtained was determined through c.d., nuclear Overhauser effects, and X-ray analyses.
Epstein-Barr Virus Strains With Latent Membrane Protein-1 Deletions: Prevalence in the Italian Population and High Association With Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Related Hodgkin's Disease (1997)

Six Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphoproliferative disorders were investigated to verify whether the EBV strain harbored by neoplastic cells had the same EBNA-2 and latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) DNA sequences of the virus carried by normal lymphocytes of the same patients. Within each case, the analysis of neoplastic lymph nodes, reactive lymphadenopathies, and/or EBV+ spontaneous lymphoblastoid cell lines gave concordant results with respect to type-specific EBNA-2 region and LMP-1 gene. In particular, five cases showed the same deletion in the 3′ end of the LMP-1 gene in both normal and neoplastic cells. We also determined the prevalence of LMP-1 deletions in a large series of normal peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) from Italian individuals. The analysis showed that 50% (9 of 18) of PBMCs from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative donors carried a 30-bp deletion in the C-terminal portion of the LMP-1 gene, whereas a nondeleted fragment was amplified in about 44% (8 of 18) of the cases. Only one sample (5.6%) showed the amplification of a full-length LMP-1 band together with a deleted fragment. Similarly, PBMCs from HIV-infected patients showed an almost equivalent prevalence of full-length (17 of 37, 46%) and deleted (16 of 37, 43.2%) LMP-1 fragments, whereas about 11% of samples (4 of 37) showed evidence of double infections. Of note, deletions in the LMP-1 gene were detected with similar prevalence values in EBV+ Hodgkin's disease (HD) (13 of 30, 43.3%) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (2 of 5, 40%) cases from HIV-seronegative patients and in HIV-related, EBV+ NHLs (4 of 7, 57.1%). Conversely, a 30-bp LMP-1 deletion was found in 10 of 12 HIV-associated HD cases (83%), a prevalence significantly higher than that detected in HIV-unrelated HD (P = .01). These findings indicate that: (1) the same EBV strain carrying LMP-1 deletions is harbored by normal and neoplastic cells of patients with EBV+ disorders, ruling out that these mutations might result from immunoselection phenomena; (2) in the Italian population, the prevalence of LMP-1 deletion mutants is comparable to that of EBV strains with full-length LMP-1; (3) HIV-induced immunosuppression is not associated with an increased prevalence of LMP-1 deletions in PBMCs; and (4) HIV-related HD cases, but not those of HIV-seronegative Italian patients, are closely correlated with the presence of LMP-1 deletions, suggesting that infection with these strains may increase the risk of developing HD in the HIV setting.
Liposome-entrapped T-cell peptide provides help for a co-entrapped B-cell peptide to overcome genetic restriction in mice and induce immunological memory. (1993)

We have investigated the possibility of a T-cell epitope peptide providing help for a B-cell epitope peptide when both peptides are co-entrapped in the same liposomes. Epitope models used were a 28 amino acid peptide from the S region of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (subtype adw) containing an H-2s Th-cell epitope, and a 33 amino acid peptide from the pre-S1 region of the HBsAg (subtype adw) designed to exclude an adjacent H-2s T-cell epitope, the latter (pre-S1) peptide being recognized by SJL (H-2s) mice as a B-cell epitope. SJL(H-2s) mice were immunized twice intramuscularly with S or pre-S1 peptide alone, co-entrapped in the same liposomes or entrapped in separate liposomes which were mixed before injection. Analysis of sera for anti-peptide IgG1 antibodies revealed that the Th-cell peptide provided help for the pre-S1 peptide only when the two peptides were co-entrapped in the same vesicles. This helper effect was found to correlate with the ability of S peptide (co-entrapped with the pre-S1) to stimulate T-cell proliferation in vitro. There was no IgG1 response against pre-S1 peptide in mice immunized with a mixture of the free peptides or a mixture of separately entrapped peptides. A helper effect, albeit much weaker, was also observed in mice immunized with the two peptides emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Antisera from mice immunized with both peptides co-entrapped in liposomes were found to bind to full length (pre-S1 containing) recombinant HBsAg. Moreover, binding values were much higher than those seen with antisera from animals immunized with the liposomal S peptide above, presumably because of full access of anti-pre-S1 antibodies to the pre-S1 region of the rHBsAg. It is concluded that liposomes could serve not only as an immunological adjuvant for peptides but also as a carrier for Th- and B-cell epitopes thus eliminating the need for covalent linkage to a carrier protein.
Simultaneous Targeting of Two Distinct Epitopes on MET Effectively Inhibits MET- and HGF-Driven Tumor Growth by Multiple Mechanisms (2017)

Increased MET activity is linked with poor prognosis and outcome in several human cancers currently lacking targeted therapies. Here, we report on the characterization of Sym015, an antibody mixture composed of two humanized IgG<sub>1</sub> antibodies against nonoverlapping epitopes of MET. Sym015 was selected by high-throughput screening searching for antibody mixtures with superior growth-inhibitory activity against MET-dependent cell lines. Synergistic inhibitory activity of the antibodies comprising Sym015 was observed in several cancer cell lines harboring amplified <i>MET</i> locus and was confirmed <i>in vivo</i> Sym015 was found to exert its activity via multiple mechanisms. It disrupted interaction of MET with the HGF ligand and prompted activity-independent internalization and degradation of the receptor. In addition, Sym015 induced high levels of CDC and ADCC <i>in vitro</i> The importance of these effector functions was confirmed <i>in vivo</i> using an Fc-effector function-attenuated version of Sym015. The enhanced effect of the two antibodies in Sym015 on both MET degradation and CDC and ADCC is predicted to render Sym015 superior to single antibodies targeting MET. Our results demonstrate strong potential for use of Sym015 as a therapeutic antibody mixture for treatment of MET-driven tumors. Sym015 is currently being tested in a phase I dose escalation clinical trial (NCT02648724). <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2780-91. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Acoustic cavitation produced by microsecond pulses of ultrasound: A discussion of some selected results (1992)

Because of its extensive utilization in clinical practice, and because the subjects examined are often fragile and sensitive to trauma, the safety of diagnostic ultrasound has always been of concern. Of the various mechanisms through which ultrasound could act in a manner deleterious to a patient, acoustic cavitation, should it occur, appears to possess significant potential for biological damage. This paper reviews several recent reports of progress by our two groups and demonstrates the conditions under which cavitation has been observed by microsecond pulses of ultrasound. Although these results give no indications that diagnostic ultrasound may pose a true risk to a patient, they do indicate that in vivo cavitation may occur under certain conditions.
Parameter Sensitivity Analysis for Design and Control of Force Transmission Systems (1998)

We apply sensitivity analysis to the design and control of force transmission systems. With this approach, the effect of the values of the system parameters on the response can be investigated: transmission ratio, sensor placement, damping, and allowable load variation. It is then found that feedback must be applied to reduce the sensitivity of the system response to the load. Based on these observations, a loop shaped feedback compensator design is proposed. Such compensators can compensate for the nonlinear behavior of the transmissions due to friction, while exhibiting good disturbance rejection and robustness. This is achieved without detailed knowledge of friction behavior and without measurement nor estimation of velocity. Experimental results using a test bench are discussed.