gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of successive seeding of monodisperse polystyrene latexes. I. Initiation via potassium persulfate (1986)

Abstract The polymerization kinetics of monodisperse polystyrene latexes prepared via successive seeding were studied in the region between Smith‐Ewart Case 2 (n̄ = 1/2) and Case 3 (n̄ ≫ 1). Potassium persulfate was used as the initiator. The kinetics were measured in a piston/cylinder dilatometer designed for microgravity experiments. A recipe formulation method was developed by which a constant emulsifier (Aerosol‐MA) surface coverage was maintained throughout a sequence, beginning with a 0.19 μm polystyrene seed. Monodisperse latexes up to 1 μm in size were prepared using 0.5 m M K 2 S 2 O 8 with a 4% emulsifier surface coverage. The polymerizations were commenced in Interval III, the particles being swollen with twice their weight in monomer. The kinetics were characterized by the autoacceleration of the gel effect with the overall polymerization rate decreasing with increasing particle size (decreasing N p ). The Case 2 to Case 3 kinetic transition was experienced in the first seeding step, however, independence of the rate on the number of particles was not evident even at high values of n̄ (n̄ &gt; 10). This was attributed to a dependency of the free radical capture efficiency on the particle size (constant solids). Corroborating indirect evidence was supplied through surface charge analysis and detailed examination of the polymerization kinetics.
Synthesis, Detailed Characterization, and Theoretical Understanding of Mononuclear Chromium(III)-Containing Polyoxotungstates [CrIII(HXVW7O28)2]13–(X = P, As) with Exceptionally Large Magnetic Anisotropy (2014)

Two monochromium(III)-containing heteropolytungstates, [CrIII(HPVW7O28)2]13- (1a) and [CrIII(HAsVW7O28)2]13- (2a), were prepared via simple, one-pot reactions in aqueous, basic medium, by reaction of the composing elements, and then isolated as hydrated sodium salts, Na13[CrIII(HPVW7O28)2]·47H2O (1) and Na13[CrIII(HAsVW7O28)2]·52H2O (2). Polyanions 1a and 2a comprise an octahedrally coordinated CrIII ion, sandwiched by two {PW7} or {AsW7} units. Both compounds 1 and 2 were fully characterized in the solid state by single-crystal XRD, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility, and EPR measurements. Magnetic studies on 1 and 2 demonstrated that both compounds exhibit appreciable deviation from typical paramagnetic behavior, and have a ground state S = 3/2, as expected for a CrIII ion, but with an exceptionally large zero-field uniaxial anisotropy parameter (D). EPR measurements on powder and single-crystal samples of 1 and 2 using 9.5, 34.5, and 239.2 GHz frequencies and over 4–295 K temperature fully support the magnetization results and show that D = +2.4 cm–1, the largest and sign-assigned D-value so far reported for an octahedral CrIII-containing, molecular compound. Ligand field analysis of results from CASSCF and NEVPT2-correlated electronic structure calculations on Cr(OH)63– model complexes allowed to unravel the crucial role of the second coordination sphere of CrIII for the unusually large magnetic anisotropy reflected by the experimental value of D. The newly developed theoretical modeling, combined with the synthetic procedure for producing such unusual magnetic molecules in a well-defined and essentially magnetically isolated environment, appears to be a versatile new research area.
Catalytic Nanomotors: Autonomous Movement of Striped Nanorods. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Production of different morphologies of biocompatible polymeric materials by supercritical CO2 antisolvent techniques (2001)

High-value biocompatible-polymers have been processed with supercritical antisolvent techniques to produce solid structures of different shape and size. In particular, a class of hyaluronic acid-derived polymers (Hyaff11-p100, Hyaff11-p80, Hyaff11-p75, Hyaff 302) have been used to obtain various morphologies such as microspheres, threads, fibers, networks, and sponges. The effect of thermodynamic variables on precipitation were highlighted in some preliminary batch experiments. Then, different products were obtained by tuning the values of operating parameters. Threads and fibers were the result of a continuous supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process where a concentrated polymer solution was pumped through a micrometric nozzle: The threads showed a reticular internal structure with an adjustable type of cavity. For production of networks and sponges, the concentration of polymer plays the key role. Below a critical value it was not possible to obtain a continuous network, while above it, a structure similar to that of the natural bone with three types of internal microporosity were obtained. Again, by tuning pressure and polymer concentration, the internal porosity could be controlled. Microparticles were also produced by the SAS process, and a control of their morphology was achieved by varying the concentration of the polymer in the starting solution and the density of organic solvent-CO(2) mixtures. All the products obtained by SAS have negligible content of residual solvent. A qualitative interpretation of experimental results is presented.
Synthesis of antibiotic SS-228R. Strong base induced cycloaddition of homophthalic anhydrides (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of antibiotic SS-228R. Strong base induced cycloaddition of homophthalic anhydridesYasumitsu Tamura, Fumio Fukata, Manabu Sasho, Teruhisa Tsugoshi, and Yasuyuki KitaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 13, 2273–2277Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00213a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00213a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views584Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microbubble cavitation, boiling, and nonlinear acoustic propagation in high-intensity focused ultrasound thermal therapy (2006)

The investigation of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) as a tool for noninvasive thermally ablative therapy has required deeper understanding of the relative roles of nonlinear mechanisms involved in heat deposition. Attempts at quantifying the dose response to particular exposure conditions in vitro are complicated by the interplay of several mechanisms. These include microbubble cavitation, nonlinear acoustic propagation and attenuation, dependence of tissue parameters on temperature and temperature history, and formation and evolution of vapor bubbles due to boiling. One immediately evident consequence of such effects is distortion of coagulative lesion shape and size, colloquially evolving from cigars to tadpoles. Developing a quantitative understanding of the relative roles of relevant nonlinear mechanisms is not straightforward, yet is desirable for design of algorithms for therapy planning and real-time monitoring using ultrasound. A historical perspective of research toward this end will be presented along with a recommendation for suitable terminology for the various physical acoustic regimes encountered in HIFU therapy. [Work supported by Army MRMC, NIH DK43881, NSBRI SMS00402, and RFBR.]
Myocardial intensity changes associated with flow stimulation in blood oxygenation sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (1996)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging exploits deoxygenated blood as an endogenous source for contrast in assessing local changes in tissue perfusion. Intrinsic changes in myocardial signal intensity were measured during dipyridamole induced coronary vasodilatation with T2*-weighted echo planar MRI in healthy volunteers. Concurrently, changes in flow velocity in the left anterior descending coronary artery were measured using a time-of-flight method. Dipyridamole infusion produced 14 +/- 6% increase in myocardial signal intensity (n = 7). Temporal profile of the myocardial signal intensity changes correlated well with the augmentation of coronary flow velocity. The data are consistent with the concept that changes in myocardial deoxyhemoglobin content due to altered flow result in changes in magnetic susceptibility that can be detected on T2*-weighted MR images.
Blue quantum electroabsorption modulators based on reversed quantum confined Stark effect with blueshift (2007)

The authors present the design, growth, fabrication, experimental characterization, and theoretical analysis of blue quantum electroabsorption modulators that incorporate ∼5nm thick In0.35Ga0.65N∕GaN quantum structures for operation between 420 and 430nm. Growing on polar c plane on sapphire, they obtain quantum structures with zigzag potential profile due to alternating polarization fields and demonstrate that their optical absorption blueshifts with applied electric field, unlike the redshift of conventional quantum confined Stark effect. In InGaN∕GaN quantum structures, they report the largest absorption change of 6000cm−1 for 6V bias swing around 424nm, holding promise for blue optical clock generation and injection directly into silicon chips.
Effects of Muscle-Tendon Interaction on Force Development in Human Skeletal Muscle in Vivo (2008)

In vivo骨格筋では, 腱組織の持つたるみ (slackness) と弾性のために筋線維の短縮と腱組織の伸長とが相互に作用する筋腱相互作用が生じる. 本研究は, 超音波Motion モード法により筋束 (筋線維の束) の短縮開始時間を求めること, ならびに, Brightnessモード法により筋束の長さ変化を実測することを通じ, この相互作用がヒト骨格筋における1) 張力の立ち上がりまでの時間, および, 2) 張力の立ち上がり局面における力の経時変化に与える影響を明らかにすることを目的として実験を行った. その結果, 1) 刺激から張力の立ち上がりまでの時間の40%以上が筋束の短縮から張力が発揮されるまでの筋腱相互作用に関連する時間に起因し, 関節角度変化による刺激から張力の立ち上がりまでの時間の変化の主要因がこの時間変化であることが示唆された. また, 筋束の長さと速度の経時変化とによって決まる発揮張力の経時変化に, 腱組織のたるみと非線形の長さ—張力関係の使用範囲が強く影響していることが示された.
Deep Interrogation of Metabolism Using a Pathway-Targeted Click-Chemistry Approach (2020)

Untargeted metabolomics indicates that the number of unidentified small-molecule metabolites may exceed the number of protein-coding genes for many organisms, including humans, by orders of magnitude. Uncovering the underlying metabolic networks is essential for elucidating the physiological and ecological significance of these biogenic small molecules. Here we develop a click-chemistry-based enrichment strategy, DIMEN (deep interrogation of metabolism via enrichment), that we apply to investigate metabolism of the ascarosides, a family of signaling molecules in the model organism <i>C. elegans</i>. Using a single alkyne-modified metabolite and a solid-phase azide resin that installs a diagnostic moiety for MS/MS-based identification, DIMEN uncovered several hundred novel compounds originating from diverse biosynthetic transformations that reveal unexpected intersection with amino acid, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism. Many of the newly discovered transformations could not be identified or detected by conventional LC-MS analyses without enrichment, demonstrating the utility of DIMEN for deeply probing biochemical networks that generate extensive yet uncharacterized structure space.
Poly[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetylene] and its polyradical derivative (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetylene] and its polyradical derivativeHiroyuki Nishide, Naoki Yoshioka, Katsunari Inagaki, Takahiko Kaku, and Eishun TsuchidaCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 2, 569–575Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00028a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00028a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quorum Distributed Object Integration (QUOIN) (2002)

Abstract : Complex computing systems are predominantly networked. As a result, they must operate under increasingly unpredictable and changeable conditions. This problem occurs at multiple levels, ranging from distributed applications that are geographically dispersed to applications that are embedded and componentized. Both types of applications pose similar problems and issues, and lend themselves to similar solutions using strategies, algorithms, and optimizations at various levels of granularity. In particular, they require predictable mission-critical levels of service end-to-end. Adaptive distributed object computing (DOC) middleware is a promising approach to provide these end-to-end services by coordinating lower-level mechanisms that coordinate application- or user-centric tradeoffs.
Highly Ordered Anodic Porous Alumina Prepared by Anodization of Al in Extremely Dilute H2SO4 (2022)

Highly ordered anodic porous alumina with a period of ca. 90–160 nm was prepared by anodization using extremely dilute sulfuric acid. The hole period of anodic porous alumina was controllable in the range of 90–160 nm by changing the anodization voltage. The thickness of the oxide film obtained by the anodization of Al in extremely dilute sulfuric acid was nonuniform. However, we found that the addition of a small amount of phosphoric acid to the electrolyte improved the uniformity of the thickness of the oxide film obtained. The ordered anodic porous alumina obtained in this study is expected to be a starting material for fabricating various functional devices.
Pixel size limit of the PRIMA implants: from humans to rodents and back (2022)

<i>Objective.</i>Retinal prostheses aim at restoring sight in patients with retinal degeneration by electrically stimulating the inner retinal neurons. Clinical trials with patients blinded by atrophic age-related macular degeneration using the PRIMA subretinal implant, a 2 × 2 mm array of 100<i>µ</i>m-wide photovoltaic pixels, have demonstrated a prosthetic visual acuity closely matching the pixel size. Further improvement in resolution requires smaller pixels, which, with the current bipolar design, necessitates more intense stimulation.<i>Approach.</i>We examine the lower limit of the pixel size for PRIMA implants by modeling the electric field, leveraging the clinical benchmarks, and using animal data to assess the stimulation strength and contrast of various patterns. Visually evoked potentials measured in Royal College of Surgeons rats with photovoltaic implants composed of 100<i>µ</i>m and 75<i>µ</i>m pixels were compared to clinical thresholds with 100<i>µ</i>m pixels. Electrical stimulation model calibrated by the clinical and rodent data was used to predict the performance of the implant with smaller pixels.<i>Main results.</i>PRIMA implants with 75<i>µ</i>m bipolar pixels under the maximum safe near-infrared (880 nm) illumination of 8 mW mm<sup>-2</sup>with 30% duty cycle (10 ms pulses at 30 Hz) should provide a similar perceptual brightness as with 100<i>µ</i>m pixels under 3 mW mm<sup>-2</sup>irradiance, used in the current clinical trials. Contrast of the Landolt C pattern scaled down to 75<i>µ</i>m pixels is also similar under such illumination to that with 100<i>µ</i>m pixels, increasing the maximum acuity from 20/420 to 20/315.<i>Significance.</i>Computational modeling defines the minimum pixel size of the PRIMA implants as 75<i>µ</i>m. Increasing the implant width from 2 to 3 mm and reducing the pixel size from 100 to 75<i>µ</i>m will nearly quadrupole the number of pixels, which should be very beneficial for patients. Smaller pixels of the same bipolar flat geometry would require excessively intense illumination, and therefore a different pixel design should be considered for further improvement in resolution.
DECISURF, logiciel intelligent d'aide au choix d'un traitement de surface (2001)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
The Novel Triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic Acid (CDDO) Induces Apoptosis of Human Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cells (DLCL) through a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) Independent Pathway Which Is Enhanced by NFκB Inhibition. (2005)

Abstract Ligands for the transcription factor PPARγ are emerging as a new class of anti-tumor agents. Herein we report that the synthetic triterpenoid CDDO, a PPARγ ligand that induces PPARγ transcriptional activity in human DLCL OCI-Ly-19 cells, also induces cell death in human DLCL of both germinal center (OCI-Ly19) and activated B-cell phenotype (OCI-Ly10), cells which express the PPARγ protein. This effect of CDDO appears to be independent of PPARγ stimulated pathways since the functional antagonist of PPARγ, GW9662, which completely inhibits CDDO induced PPARγ transcriptional activity was unable to prevent CDDO induced cell death. Similar findings were seen using the additional PPARγ antagonists T0070907 and BADGE. CDDO induces cell death by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis as shown by Annexin-V and propidium iodide staining. As we have previously shown that PPARγ ligands inhibit NF-κB activity in B lymphocytes (J. Immunol2005; 174(7): 4060–9), we next examined the effect of CDDO on NF-κB in DLCL cells. Surprisingly, exposure of Ly19 cells to CDDO resulted in a dose-, and time-dependent increase in the activity of both the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-κB as determined by ELISA, by direct visualization of the nuclear translocation of p65 using indirect immunofluorescence assays, and by EMSA. The nuclear translocation of both the p50 and p65 NF-κB subunits was also confirmed by performing immunoblot analyses using nuclear fractions of CDDO-treated Ly19 cells. NF-κB activation was also observed in Ly10 cells exposed to CDDO. Follow-up experiments revealed that the activation of NF-κB in Ly19 cells by CDDO was due to proteolysis of inhibitory IκBα molecules. To determine whether the CDDO-induced NF-κB activation was a pro- survival mechanism, Ly19 and Ly10 cells were pre-treated with the NF-κB inhibitors SN50, helenalin or BAY 11-7082 and then exposed to CDDO for 24 hrs. In all cases, the NF-κB inhibitors significantly enhanced CDDO induced cell death suggesting that NF-κB activation is an anti-apoptotic mechanism elicited to protect the cell against CDDO cytotoxicity. Collectively, these studies suggest that; (a) CDDO (which will shortly be entering clinical trials for patients with acute myeloid leukemia) as a single agent may have significant clinical activity in patients with DLCL and; (b) the combination of CDDO with pharmacological inhibitors of NF-κB would be a rationale combination of novel agents to test in the context of clinical trials for patients with DLCL.
A critical role for the sphingosine analog AAL-R in dampening the cytokine response during influenza virus infection (2009)

Pulmonary tissue damage resulting from influenza virus infection is caused by both the cytolytic activity of the virus and the host immune response. Immune-mediated injury results from T cell-mediated destruction of virus-infected cells and by release of cytokines and chemokines that attract polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML) and macrophages to the infected site. The cytokines/chemokines potentiate dendritic cell (DC) activation and T cell expansion, which further enhances local damage. Here we report that immune modulation by local administration to the respiratory tract of sphingosine analog AAL-R significantly dampens the release of cytokines and chemokines while maintaining protective neutralizing antibody and cytotoxic T cell responses. As a result there was a marked reduction of infiltrating PML and macrophages into the lung and resultant pulmonary tissue injury. DC maturation was suppressed, which limited proliferation of specific antiviral T cells in the lung and draining lymph nodes. Further, AAL-R was effective in controlling CD8(+) T cell accumulation in the lungs even when given 4 days after initiation of influenza virus infection. These data indicate that sphingosine analogs display useful potential for controlling the immunopathology caused by influenza virus.
On improving latency of geographically distributed key-value stores via load balancing with side information (2013)

We propose novel load balancers for key-value data stores running as a service over geographically distributed data centers. We assume that the key-value store has the following properties: (i) The requests (e.g., put/write, get/read, copy, etc.) can be directed to any one of the cluster nodes regardless of which cluster nodes store the information; (ii) Different objects can have different number of replicas and applications can set their desired consistency levels; and (iii) it is possible for intermediate (authorized) proxies to query/learn cluster topology and key space to node mappings. We propose two load balancing strategies that would be useful under these assumptions: (i) Static strategy that makes assignment decisions solely based on where the majority of the hosting nodes are located for a given key. (ii) Dynamic strategy where proxy nodes actively probe the performance of different cluster nodes as a function of their location (i.e., which data center they belong) and key-specific operational parameters (e.g., consistency level and replication factor) to select the best cluster node to serve each request. Our evaluations show that 2× gains for average read/write delays against random load balancers, while dynamic approach significantly outperforming the static approach between 60th and 90th percentiles.