gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One-stop-shop for cancer screening: A model for the future. (2021)

10554 Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Early detection will often greatly reduce mortality for many cancers, increase treatment effectiveness, and improve the quality of life for cancer patients, and, by implementing evidence-based prevention strategies, 30–50% of cancers can be prevented. Screening for different cancer types separately is inefficient. A solution is the Integrated Cancer Prevention Center (ICPC), a program with specialists in each discipline who test for multiple cancers during one visit. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 17,104 self-referred, asymptomatic patients who visited the Integrative Cancer Prevention Center (ICPC) between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2019. Clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological data were recorded by multiple specialists. Patients were given follow-up recommendations and diagnoses when appropriate. The primary measure was the detection and staging of new malignant lesions. Secondary measures included cost-benefit and mortality benefit. Results: We screened 8618 men and 8486 women with an average age of 47.11 ± 11.71 years. Of 259 cancers detected through the ICPC, 49 (18.9%) were stage 0, 115 (44.4%) were stage I, 31 (12%) were stage II, 25 (9.7%) were stage III, and 32 (12.4%) were stage IV. Seventeen cancers were missed, only six of which were within the scope of the ICPC, and 189 cancers developed &gt; one year after the last visit to the ICPC. Compared to the stage of detection for cancers in the US, all cancers except for colon were detected at an earlier stage at the ICPC. Lung was the most significant with 86.7% of cancers detected at stage 0, I, or II at the ICPC compared to only 49.3% caught at those stages in the US. Conclusions: This is a proof of concept for a one-stop-shop approach to asymptomatic cancer screening in a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic. It offers evidence that this screening framework can and should be replicated in other healthcare settings and on a national policy level as it saves lives and money. The encouraging results presented here should further the conversation about the utility of screening and add momentum to the movement for increased screening.[Table: see text]
Structure-mutagenicity relationships of N-oxidized derivatives of aniline, o-toluidine, 2'-methyl-4-aminobiphenyl, and 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure-mutagenicity relationships of N-oxidized derivatives of aniline, o-toluidine, 2'-methyl-4-aminobiphenyl, and 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenylStephen S. Hecht, Karam El-Bayoumy, Lorraine Tulley, and Edmond LaVoieCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1979, 22, 8, 981–987Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00194a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00194a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views279Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Resistive Memory for Neuromorphic Algorithm Acceleration. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Abstract 15835: Limiting Cardiac Ischemic Injury by Augmenting the MIF-AMPK Signaling Cascade with a Novel Class of MIF Receptor Agonists (2010)

Background: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is released by ischemic cardiomyocytes and exerts a protective effect by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). While developing sm...
The thresholds of surface nano-/micro-morphology modifications with femtosecond laser pulse irradiations (2010)

We studied the pulse energy threshold of surface nano-/micro-morphology modifications by irradiating Si, GaAs, GaP, InP, Cu and Ti surfaces with 100 fs laser pulses at a wavelength of 800 nm in air and in water. We found that the laser pulse energy thresholds required for the permanent modification in water are up to 30% lower than those in air. Different non-equilibrium dynamics processes of the surface melting layer cause the different thresholds in water and in air.
Exploration of Chemical Composition of In–Ga–Zn–O System via PEALD Technique for Optimal Physical and Electrical Properties (2023)

Abstract In–Ga–Zn–O (IGZO) material has been researched due to its favorable electrical characteristics for application in thin‐film transistor (TFT) applications such as low off current and relatively high mobility. However, most recently, as the developing and expanding application fields, conventional IGZO is a challenging aspect because higher mobility and excellent step‐coverage are required to be applied to high‐resolution displays and 3D NAND. In this regard, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is suggested as a novel deposition method for tackling issues. Here, this work systematically synthesizes IGZO films with various compositions by the supercycle technique of plasma‐enhanced ALD (PEALD) to determine the optimum metal cation composition range of the IGZO system for high‐mobility TFTs. The trends in the metal composition dependent electrical properties of ALD processed IGZO films are comparable to the previously reported results, while the structural properties are exclusive. Since both microstructure and carrier concentration affect to device characteristics complexly, the optimal In–Ga–Zn region is newly demonstrated via PEALD ( X In : 0.56–0.63, X Ga : 0.13–0.17, X Zn : 0.17–0.34). In this region, the device exhibits a remarkably high µ FE of 41.4–43.7 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , a low subthreshold swing (SS) of 0.24–0.25 V decade −1 , an initial threshold voltage ( V th ) of −0.9 to −1.0 V, and a slight V th shift (0.01 V) under the positive bias temperature stability (PBTS).
Paired overbounding and application to GPS augmentation (2004)

The relationship between range-domain and position-domain errors remains an open issue for GPS augmentation programs, such as the Federal Aviation Administration's Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS). This paper introduces a theorem that guarantees a conservative error bound (overbound) in the position domain given similarly conservative overbounds for broadcast pseudorange statistics. This paired overbound theorem requires that a cumulative distribution function (CDF) be constructed to bound both sides of the range-domain error distribution. The paired overbound theorem holds for arbitrary error distributions, even those that are non-zero mean, asymmetric or multimodal. Two applications of the paired overbound theorem to GPS augmentation are also discussed. First, the theorem is employed to construct an inflation factor for a non-zero mean Gaussian distribution; in the context of a simulation of worst-case satellite geometries for 10 locations in the United States and Europe, the required inflation factor for broadcast sigma is only 1.18, even for biases as large as 10 cm for each satellite. Second, the theorem is applied to bound a bimodal multipath model tightly; the result shaves more than 40% off the previously established inflation factor derived through a more overly conservative analysis.
The mixed labeling problem in multi target particle filtering (2007)

In this paper the so called mixed labeling problem inherent, or at least thought to be inherent to a joint state multi target particle filter implementation is treated. The mixed labeling problem would be prohibitive for track extraction from a joint state multi target particle filter. It is shown and proven using the theory of Markov chains, that the mixed labeling problem is inherently self-resolving in a particle filter. It is also shown that the factors influencing this capability are the number of particles and the number of resampling steps.
A single-cell catalogue of regulatory states in the ageing Drosophila brain (2017)

Summary The diversity of cell types and regulatory states in the brain, and how these change during ageing, remains largely unknown. Here, we present a single-cell transcriptome catalogue of the entire adult Drosophila melanogaster brain sampled across its lifespan. Both neurons and glia age through a process of “regulatory erosion”, characterized by a strong decline of RNA content, and accompanied by increasing transcriptional and chromatin noise. We identify more than 50 cell types by specific transcription factors and their downstream gene regulatory networks. In addition to neurotransmitter types and neuroblast lineages, we find a novel neuronal cell state driven by datilografo and prospero . This state relates to neuronal birth order, the metabolic profile, and the activity of a neuron. Our single-cell brain catalogue reveals extensive regulatory heterogeneity linked to ageing and brain function and will serve as a reference for future studies of genetic variation and disease mutations.
Tackling the poor assumptions of naive bayes text classifiers (2003)

Naive Bayes is often used as a baseline in text classication because it is fast and easy to implement. Its severe assumptions make such eciency possible but also adversely af-fect the quality of its results. In this paper we propose simple, heuristic solutions to some of the problems with Naive Bayes classiers, ad-dressing both systemic issues as well as prob-lems that arise because text is not actually generated according to a multinomial model. We nd that our simple corrections result in a fast algorithm that is competitive with state-of-the-art text classication algorithms such as the Support Vector Machine. 1.
Contra-directional two-beam coupling by use of a single input beam in an iron-doped lithium niobate multimode fiber (2002)

Experimental results are presented for 1,800 contra-directional two-beam coupling (TBC) measurements in a single crystal fiber of LiNbO8:Fe using a single incident beam and its Fresnel reflection off the back surface of the fiber. To our knowledge, this is the first time that volume gratings have been written in a fiber using this beam coupling geometry. At small f-numbers, the TBC efficiency has been predicted to decrease in bulk LiNbO3:Fe due to the erasure of the weak gratings by the dark conductivity. We present experimental results validating the published theory and show experimentally that confinement of the interfering beams in a fiber geometry overcomes this limitation.
Low-cost scanning antenna for satellite reception (2004)

The SkyGate multi-satellite multi-media antenna is a limited scanning active phased array designed for reception of TV programs in 12.2-12.7 GHz band. The antenna is made up utilizing multilayer PCB technology allowing the use of automated assembly process. The antenna is low profile and fully electronically steerable. The proposed antenna acquires any satellite within the angular sector of 4 deg in elevation and 30 deg in azimuth. The measured G/T of the antenna is 9.5 dB/K at boresight for the central frequency 12.45 GHz. The array consists of 576 elements arranged in a hexagonal lattice. The phase control is accomplished through 12 SkyGate proprietary MMICs. Two multilayer PCBs accommodate all RF devices and manifold signal distribution networks.
Bayesian tree-structured image modeling (2002)

Wavelet-domain hidden Markov models have proven to be useful tools for statistical signal and image processing. The hidden Markov tree (HMT) model captures the key features of the joint statistics of the wavelet coefficients of real-world data. One potential drawback to the HMT framework is the need for computationally expensive iterative training (using the EM algorithm, for example). In this paper, we propose two reduced-parameter HMT models that capture the general structure of a broad class of grayscale images. The image HMT (iHMT) model leverages the fact that for a large class of images the structure of the HMT is self-similar across scale. This allows us to reduce the complexity of the iHMT to just nine easily trained parameters (independent of the size of the image and the number of wavelet scales). In the universal HMT (uHMT) we take a Bayesian approach and fix these nine parameters. The uHMT requires no training of any kind. While simple, we show using a series of image estimation/denoising experiments that these two new models retain nearly all of the key structures modeled by the full HMT. Based on these new models, we develop a shift-invariant wavelet denoising scheme that outperforms all algorithms in the current literature.
Every nano-step counts: a critical reflection on do’s and don’ts in researching nanomedicines for retinal gene therapy (2023)

Since the current approach of <i>in vitro</i> - <i>in vivo</i> experimentation is highly inefficient and creates misinformation, we advocate for a more prominent role for <i>ex vivo</i> testing early on in nanoparticle research. In addition, we elaborate on several concepts, including systematic studies and open science, which could aid in pushing the field of nanomedicine beyond the preclinical stage.
Impact of ultraviolet radiation on HDPE and HDPE/STC blends (2008)

Abstract The structure and properties of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) ultraviolet irradiated in ozone atmosphere were studied by FTIR, XPS, GPC, XRD, DSC, TG, gel, and contact angle test. The oxygen‐containing groups such as CO, CO, and C(O)O were quickly introduced onto HDPE chains through ultraviolet irradiation in ozone atmosphere; their content increased with increase in the time of ultraviolet irradiation. Compared with those of HDPE, the molecular weight of the irradiated HDPE decreased and its distribution became wider. There was no gel in the HDPE irradiated in ozone atmosphere. After ultraviolet irradiation for short times in ozone atmosphere, the water contact angle of the irradiated HDPE decreased and its hydrophilicity was improved. The crystal shape of the irradiated HDPE was still an orthorhombic structure; its cell parameter and the face space did not alter, but its melting temperature decreased slightly. Compared with that of HDPE, the temperature of initial weight loss for irradiated HDPE decreased. The irradiated HDPE/sericite‐tridymite‐cristobalite (STC) blends were prepared. The dispersion and compatibility of the irradiated HDPE/STC blends were improved compared with those of HDPE/STC blends; thus its mechanical properties increased. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Quasi-conformal transformation electromagnetics enabled flat collimating lenses (2012)

This paper demonstrates collimating lenses designed using the quasi-conformal transformation optics technique. The lens can radiate two collimated beams when fed by a simple embedded line source. Thin anti-reflection coatings can be employed to enhance the directive radiation by reducing reflections at the surfaces of the lens. This design only requires spatially-varying dielectric materials with no magnetic properties, facilitating low-loss, broadband operation in both the microwave and optical regimes.
Duration of Alloantigen Presentation and Avidity of T Cell Antigen Recognition Correlate with Immunodominance of CTL Response to Minor Histocompatibility Antigens (2004)

CD8 T lymphocytes (CTL) responsive to immunodominant minor histocompatibility (minor H) Ags are thought to play a disproportionate role in allograft rejection in MHC-identical solid and bone marrow transplant settings. Although many studies have addressed the mechanisms underlying immunodominance in models of infectious diseases, cancer immunotherapy, and allograft immunity, key issues regarding the molecular basis of immunodominance remain poorly understood. In this study, we exploit the minor H Ag system to understand the relationship of the various biochemical parameters of Ag presentation and recognition to immunodominance. We show that the duration of individual minor H Ag presentation and the avidity of T cell Ag recognition influence the magnitude and, hence, the immunodominance of the CTL response to minor H Ags. These properties of CTL Ag presentation and recognition that contribute to immunodominance have implications not only for tissue transplantation, but also for autoimmunity and tumor vaccine design.
Structure-Based Mutagenesis of the Malonyl-CoA:Acyl Carrier Protein Transacylase from Streptomyces coelicolor (2003)

Malonyl-CoA:acyl carrier protein transacylase (MAT) provides acyl-ACP thioesters for the biosynthesis of aromatic polyketides, and thus is the primary gatekeeper of substrate specificity in type II PKS. A recent report described the X-ray crystal structure of the Streptomyces coelicolor MAT and suggested active site residues which may be important for substrate selectivity [Keatinge-Clay, A. T., et al. (2003) Structure 11, 147-154]. Mutants were made to test the proposed roles of these residues, and the enzymes were characterized kinetically with respect to native and non-native substrates. The activity of the MAT was observed to be greatly attenuated in many of the observed mutants; however, the K(m) for malonyl-CoA was only modestly affected. Our results suggest the MAT uses an active site that is rigorously ordered around the acyl-thioester moiety of the acyl-CoA to facilitate rapid and efficient transacylation to an ACP. Our results also suggest that the MAT does not discriminate against alpha-substituted acyl-CoA thioesters solely on the basis of substrate size.
Phase harmonic correlations and convolutional neural networks (2019)

Abstract A major issue in harmonic analysis is to capture the phase dependence of frequency representations, which carries important signal properties. It seems that convolutional neural networks have found a way. Over time-series and images, convolutional networks often learn a first layer of filters that are well localized in the frequency domain, with different phases. We show that a rectifier then acts as a filter on the phase of the resulting coefficients. It computes signal descriptors that are local in space, frequency and phase. The nonlinear phase filter becomes a multiplicative operator over phase harmonics computed with a Fourier transform along the phase. We prove that it defines a bi-Lipschitz and invertible representation. The correlations of phase harmonics coefficients characterize coherent structures from their phase dependence across frequencies. For wavelet filters, we show numerically that signals having sparse wavelet coefficients can be recovered from few phase harmonic correlations, which provide a compressive representation.
Calibration for PC Board Fixtures and Probes (1995)

The advance of wireless communication and Cable TV systems to 1 GHz and beyond requires advances in measurement techniques used for production test and tuning of the components used in these systems. Circuits used in these systems utilize PC board techniques, but at higher frequencies, variation in component performance means morepst assembly tuning, and test connections to the components or circuits can dramatically affect the meaSured results.
Novel Bidirectional Single-Stage Isolated Three-Phase Buck-Boost PFC Rectifier System (2023)

Future three-phase ac-dc converter systems ideally allow for bidirectional power flow, provide high-frequency isolation, and feature buck-boost capability. Further, high efficiency and high compactness and the applicability of standard half-bridge and/or three-phase full-bridge (B6) semiconductor arrangements are crucial aspects. This Paper proposes a novel converter concept that employs B6-type circuits on the input and on the output side and a low-complexity Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM)-type or a Dual Active Bridge (DAB)-type modulation strategy, thereby enabling single-stage isolated three-phase ac-dc power conversion with sinusoidal grid currents and controlled dc output voltage. The converter operation is detailed on the switching-frequency and on the grid-frequency time scale and verified by means of circuit simulations. The converter control characteristic and the main power component stresses are discussed and design guidelines for a 6.6 kW prototype system with an expected efficiency <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\eta &gt; 98\%$</tex> are presented. Finally, an outlook on future research related to the practical realization and advanced modulation of the topology is provided.
Even-Electron Rule (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Magneto-optical semiconductor waveguides for integrated isolators (2005)

The Faraday effect of magnetically doped Fe:InP with Fe concentration of 3 x 10<sup>16</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> doping is characterized. It demonstrates a Verdet coefficient of 23.8 &deg;/cm/T at 1550 nm. For 45°rotation, the insertion loss at this wavelength is 1.66 dB. A zero-birefringence waveguide is designed and fabricated. The loss and birefringence of the waveguide are characterized.
Parallel evolution of cytochrome b mediated bifenazate resistance in the citrus red mite Panonychus citri (2010)

Bifenazate is a recently developed acaricide that is mainly used to control spider mites on a variety of crops. Although first thought to be a neurotoxin, genetic evidence obtained from bifenazate resistant Tetranychus urticae strains suggested an alternative mode of action as a Qo pocket inhibitor of the mitochondrial complex III. In this study, we reveal how bifenazate resistance in strains of Panonychus citri is maternally inherited and can confer cross-resistance to the known Qo inhibitor acequinocyl. The mitochondrial genome of P. citri was sequenced and Qo pocket mutations were shown to be linked with the resistant trait. Parallel evolution of cytochrome b mediated bifenazate resistance corroborates the alternative mode of action and yet again illustrates that care should be taken when employing Qo inhibitors as crop protection compounds.