gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HLX is a candidate gene for a pattern of anomalies associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, short bowel, and asplenia (2017)

Isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia is often a sporadic event with a low recurrence risk. However, underlying genetic etiologies, such as chromosome anomalies or single gene disorders, are identified in a small number of individuals. We describe two fetuses with a unique pattern of multiple congenital anomalies, including diaphragmatic hernia, short bowel and asplenia, born to first-cousin parents. Whole exome sequencing showed that both were homozygous for a missense variant, c.950A>C, predicting p.Asp317Ala, in the H.20-Like Homeobox 1 (HLX1) gene. HLX is a homeobox transcription factor gene which is relatively conserved across species. Hlx homozygous null mice have a short bowel and reduced muscle cells in the diaphragm, closely resembling the anomalies in the two fetuses and we therefore suggest that the HLX mutation in this family could explain the fetal findings.
Functional Colloidal Stabilization (2016)

Surfactants can stabilize colloids in dispersion; however, also additional chemical or physical functions can be added by the surfactant chemistry to the colloid. This review covers functional colloid stabilization whereby supplementary features in addition to simple repulsion via physisorbed molecules are described. The utilization of surface‐active functional stabilizers as a fast and flexible method to obtain colloidal particles with significantly improved interaction potential makes functionalization possible. This method has proved to be extremely material‐ and time‐efficient. On account of the self‐assembling ability of the stabilizers, the functional groups can target exact positioning of chemical and/or physical interaction sites directly in the surface region of the colloidal particle. In this review, different strategies for the generation of functional and/or responsive dispersion by precise adjustment of the surfactant chemistry are summarized. By such means, temperature‐, pH‐, redox‐, light‐ and other stimuli have been installed to colloids which are investigated for various applications.
B2O3/SiO2/Phenolic Resin Hybrid Materials Produced by Simultaneous Twin Polymerization of Spiromonomers (2018)

Abstract A synthetic procedure for boron oxide/silica/carbon polymer hybrid materials is presented, which does not need water as a reagent. For this purpose, the combined polymerization of the two twin monomers 2,2′‐spirobi[4 H ‐1,3,2‐benzodioxasiline] 1 and spiroboronate tetra‐ n ‐butylammonium bis( ortho ‐hydroxymethylphenolato)borate 2 is successful to produce homogeneous hybrid materials by thermal treatment in the melt at 180 °C. The achieved hybrid material shows a ternary composition. It consists of silica, polyborate‐tetra( n ‐butyl)ammonium, and phenolic resin. The tetra( n ‐butyl)ammonium cation within the hybrid material, originating from monomer 2, can be easily sacrificed by Hofmann degradation at 300 °C. Thereby, it serves as the proton source for the BOH moiety. This thermal treatment finally results in the formation of the boron oxide network. The reaction between both inorganic networks under the formation of SiOB bonds occurs at 450 °C in air atmosphere, which is proven with infrared spectroscopy. Oxidation and carbonization of the hybrid materials provide composite materials with a similar composition of C/B 2 O 3 /SiO 2 . Their use as effective flame retardant materials is demonstrated.
Shape Particle Guided Tissue Classification (2006)

In many cases, the accuracy of statistical pixel classification can be improved by applying a spatially varying prior that can be derived from a shape model. We propose to represent the prior knowledge on the spatial distribution of tissue classes by a distribution of shape particles, each representing one possible distribution of tissue classes. Classification and shape can then be optimized jointly by alternating a particle filtering step, in which the shape particle distribution is evolved under the influence of the current classification, with an update of the classification estimate using the shape distribution. Since a large number of shape hypotheses is used this method does not easily get trapped in local maxima. By applying shape models that are conditional on other, more easily discernible, objects in the image one can perform shape guided classification even if the shapes themselves are hardly visible. The method is demonstrated on the task of detecting aortic calcifications in X-ray images, in which calcifications can only be present inside the aorta - mainly on the aortic wall - but the aorta itself is not visible.
Active Nanocomposites: Energy Harvesting and Stress Generation Media for Future Multifunctional Aerospace Structures (2010)

Abstract : The program successfully demonstrated experimental evidence of the creation of an electrostrictive response in amorphous polymer nanocomposites by addition of small quantities of nanoparticles. Further, it has been also verified that their piezoelectric response can be dramatically enhanced through addition of conductive nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes without additional weight penalties. Most importantly, these improvements were achieved at much lower actuation voltages, and were accompanied by increase in both mechanical and dielectric properties. The efforts reported provide new avenues to significantly improve the electromechanical response of EAP-based nanocomposites.
Comparison of Results of Virtual-Reality Simulator and Training Model for Basic Ureteroscopy Training (2006)

The medical students' skills and ability to perform a basic ureteroscopic stone-management procedure was independent of the training modality (VRS or TMU). Incorporating either of these devices into the preliminary training of urology residents may improve their initial clinical performance of these skills.
The Low-Cost Compound Lignosulfonic Acid (LA) Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Anti-HIV and Anti-HSV Activity and Has Potential for Microbicidal Applications (2015)

Overall, these data highlight LA as a potential and unique low-cost microbicide displaying broad anti-HIV and anti-HSV activity.
Characterization of tryptophan‐containing dipeptides for anti‐angiogenic effects (2020)

Comprehensive screening of WL suggests an anti-angiogenic effect, demonstrated in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. Thus, WL is a dipeptide with potential anti-angiogenic effects and is worthy for further exploration.
Azolate‐Based Osmium(II) Complexes with Luminescence Spanning Visible and Near Infrared Region (2022)

Abstract Mononuclear osmium(II) complexes bearing azolate chromophoric chelates constituted a new class of emitters that are isoelectronic to the iridium(III) complexes, i. e., all with low‐spin d 6 electronic configuration. The high reactivity of azole toward the osmium reagent Os 3 (CO) 12 via N−H oxidative addition gives eventual formation of various mononuclear osmium(II) complexes showing bright emission ranging from sky‐blue to near infrared. Tuning of luminescence was executed by variation of the nature and π‐conjugation of chelates, as well as changing the metal‐based electron density by further ligand substitution. One important result is the successful isolation of two classes of NIR emissive osmium(II) complexes; those with the ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer process at the excited state seems to be less efficient than those facilitated by the distinctive intra‐ligand charge transfer process. In addition, fabrication and characterization of OLED devices were elaborated, confirming their potential to serve as efficient saturated‐red and NIR phosphors.
Quasilinear Scattering from Waves Driven by Beam-Plasma Instabilities. (1980)

The Starfish southern conjugate rebrightening is explained by velocity diffusion perpendicular to the earth's magnetic field line. The diffusion is caused by particle scattering off of the harmonics of ion cyclotron waves commonly called Bernstein modes. Quasilinear estimates of the wave fluctuation levels indicate that the debris streaming down the field lines will excite these waves and then be scattered by them.
Antagonists of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are potent growth inhibitors of prostate carcinoma cells (2001)

Novel synthetic antagonists of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) have been developed. To avoid interference by serum retinoids when testing these compounds, we established serum-free grown sub-lines (>3 years) of the prostate carcinoma lines LNCaP, PC3 and DU145. A high affinity pan-RAR antagonist (AGN194310, K(d) for binding to RARs = 2-5 nM) inhibited colony formation (by 50%) by all three lines at 16-34 nM, and led to a transient accumulation of flask-cultured cells in G1 followed by apoptosis. AGN194310 is 12-22 fold more potent than all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) against cell lines and also more potent in inhibiting the growth of primary prostate carcinoma cells. PC3 and DU145 cells do not express RARbeta, and an antagonist with predominant activity at RARbeta and RARgamma (AGN194431) inhibited colony formation at concentrations (approximately 100 nM) commensurate with a K(d)value of 70 nM at RARgamma. An RARalpha antagonist (AGN194301) was less potent (IC(50) approximately 200 nM), but was more active than specific agonists of RARalpha and of betagamma. A component(s) of serum and of LNCaP-conditioned medium diminishes the activity of antagonists: this factor is not the most likely candidates IGF-1 and EGF. In vitro studies of RAR antagonists together with data from RAR-null mice lead to the hypothesis that RARgamma-regulated gene transcription is necessary for the survival and maintenance of prostate epithelium. The increased potencies of RAR antagonists, as compared with agonists, suggest that antagonists may be useful in the treatment of prostate carcinoma.
Actualization of query suggestions using query logs (2012)

In this work we are studying actualization techniques for building an up-to-date query suggestions model using query logs. The performance of the proposed actualization algorithms was estimated by real query flow of the Yandex search engine.
Simulation of the Burgers equation by NMR quantum-information processing (2006)

We report on the implementation of Burgers equation as a type-II quantum computation on a NMR quantum-information processor. Since the flow field evolving under the Burgers equation develops sharp features over time, this is a better test of liquid-state NMR implementations of type-II quantum computers than the previous examples using the diffusion equation. In particular, we show that Fourier approximations used in the encoding step are not the dominant error. Small systematic errors in the collision operator accumulate and swamp all other errors. We propose, and demonstrate, that the accumulation of this error can be avoided to a large extent by replacing the single collision operator with a set of operators with random errors and similar fidelities. Experiments have been implemented on 16 two-qubit sites for eight successive time steps for the Burgers equation.
600 MHz DNP-NMR測定のための15T超伝導マグネットを用いた周波数連続可変ジャイロトロンGyrotron FU CW VIの開発 (2010)

A dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) method which improves the sensitivity of the\n\tnuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy by high power irradiation of sub-millimeter wave is expected to analyze the structures of complex proteins. Continuous frequency tunable gyrotron is required to obtain maximum enhancement of NMR sensitivity. We have developing fundamental oscillation gyrotron by using a 15 T superconducting magnet. The deveploped prototype gyrotoron (Gyrotron FU CW VI) has the tunability of 1.6 GHz and the output power exceed about 10W. In additon, stable continous wave operation for 10 minutes\n\twas achived in low power operation.
Design and development of innovative microparticulate/nanoparticulate inhalable dry powders of a novel synthetic trifluorinated chalcone derivative and Nrf2 agonist (2020)

Chalcone derivatives are shown to possess excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties which are of great interest in treating respiratory diseases such as acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). This study successfully designed and developed dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations of TMC (2-trifluoromethyl-2'-methoxychalone), a new synthetic trifluorinated chalcone and Nrf2 agonist, for targeted pulmonary inhalation aerosol drug delivery. An advanced co-spray drying particle engineering technique was used to design and produce microparticulate/nanoparticulate formulations of TMC with a suitable excipient (mannitol) as inhalable particles with tailored particle properties for inhalation. Raw TMC and co-spray dried TMC formulations were comprehensively characterized for the first time using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and molecular fingerprinting as dry powders by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Further, biocompatibility and suitability of formulations were tested with in vitro cellular transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in air-interface culture (AIC) using a human pulmonary airway cell line. The ability of these TMC formulations to perform as aerosolized dry powders was systematically evaluated by design of experiments (DOEs) using three different FDA-approved human inhaler devices followed by interaction parameter analyses. Multiple spray drying pump rates (25%, 75%, and 100%) successfully produced co-spray dried TMC:mannitol powders. Raw TMC exhibited a first-order phase transition temperature at 58.15 ± 0.38 °C. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that these innovative TMC dry powder particles are suitable for targeted delivery to the airways by inhalation.
Fragments of Nle3‐angiotensin(1–7) accelerate healing in dermal models (2005)

Abstract: The renin angiotensin system (RAS) has been shown to be present in dermal tissue and exogenous peptides from the RAS accelerates healing and reduces scarring. An analogue of Angiotensin(1–7) [A(1–7)], Norleucine 3 ‐A(1–7) [Nle 3 ‐A(1–7)], is the lead compound under development for treatment of dermal injuries. As proteases are prevalent in wounded tissue and at very high levels in chronic wounds, the ability of fragments of Nle 3 ‐A(1–7) to accelerate healing and the effect of proteases on the peptide were determined. Daily application of fragments of Nle 3 ‐A(1–7) of five or six amino acids accelerated healing in two models of dermal injury. In addition, the peptide was found to be stable (not substantially degraded) after incubation for 4 h in the presence of Cathepsin G, collagenases blend (from clostridium), matrix metalloprotease [MMP] 2, MMP 3, MMP 9, elastase (human leukocytic or porcine pancreatic) or plasmin. Only kallikrein, an enzyme known to cleave peptides of the RAS, cleaved the peptide into two major fragments one of which was identified as NorLeu 3 ‐A(1–4). These data support the activity of Nle 3 ‐A(1–7) on dermal wounds.
The Survey and its Effect for Cooling Systems used in Dairy Cattle Farms in Gyeonggi (2015)

This survey was conducted to give the basic information and temperature and humidity variation by cooling systems in dairy farms in Korea. A total of 36 farms were surveyed in Gyeonggi province with the general information of farms such as milk production, and milk quality, types of cooling systems, and its operation method of dairy farms. All of surveyed farms have cooling fan and some have 1 more cooling systems such as sprinkler, foggy systems, ventilation duct, and shower system. Although the indoor THI of cow house was decreased by either ventilation duct or foggy system during hot season, the range belongs to mild heat stress scale for dairy cows.
Certificate Revocation to Cope with False Accusations in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2010)

In Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs), certification systems play an important role in maintaining network security because attackers can freely move and repeatedly launch attacks against different nodes. By adopting certification systems, it becomes possible to exclude identified attackers from the network permanently by revoking the certifications of the attackers. A simple way to identify attackers is to collect information on attackers from nodes in the network. However, in this approach, it is difficult to differentiate valid accusations made by legitimate nodes from false accusations made by malicious nodes. In addition, the amount of traffic in order to exchange information on attackers and the necessary time to gather the information increases as the network size becomes larger. In this paper, we propose a certificate revocation scheme which can revoke the certification of attackers in a short time with a small amount of operating traffic. By clustering nodes and introducing multi-level node reliability, the proposed scheme can mitigate the improper certificate revocation due to false accusations by malicious users.
Regular Consumption of a Flavanol‐rich Chocolate can Improve Oxidant Stress in Young Soccer Players (2004)

The consumption of a diet rich in certain flavonoids, including the flavanol sub-class, has been associated with a reduced risk for vascular disease. We evaluated the effects of the regular consumption (14 d) of a flavanol-containing milk chocolate (FCMC) or cocoa butter chocolate (CBC) on variables related to vascular disease risk, oxidative stress and physical activity. Twenty-eight free-living, young (18-20 years old) male soccer players consumed daily 105 g of FCMC (168 mg of flavanols) or CBC (< 5 mg of flavanols), as part of their normal diet. The consumption of FCMC was significantly associated with a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (- 5 mm Hg), mean blood pressure (- 5 mm Hg), plasma cholesterol (-11%), LDL-cholesterol (-15%), malondialdehyde (- 12%), urate (- 11%) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (- 11%), and an increase in vitamin E/cholesterol (+ 12%). No relevant changes in these variables were associated with CBC consumption. No changes in the plasma levels of (-)-epicatechin were observed following analysis of fasting blood samples. In conclusion, FCMC consumption was associated with changes in several variables often associated with cardiovascular health and oxidant stress. The presence of significant quantities of flavanols in FCMC is likely to have been one of the contributing factors to these results.
A fuzzy incremental synchronous learning technique for embedded-agents learning and control in intelligent inhabited environments (2003)

In this paper we introduce a novel learning and adaptation system for embedded-agents embodied and situated in intelligent inhabited environments. The fuzzy incremental synchronous learning (ISL) techniques we describe seek to provide an online, life-long, non-intrusive method for learning personalised behaviour and anticipatory adaptive control for physical environments.
Aza-Cope Rearrangement−Mannich Cyclizations for the Formation of Complex Tricyclic Amines:  Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (±)-Gelsemine (2005)

A detailed examination of the use of aza-Cope rearrangement-Mannich cyclization sequences for assembling the azatricyclo[4.4.0.0(2,8)]decane core of gelsemine is described. Iminium ions and N-acyloxyiminium ions derived from endo-oriented 1-methoxy- or 1-hydroxybicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-enylamines do not undergo the first step of this sequence, cationic aza-Cope rearrangement, to form cis-hydroisoquinolinium ions. However, the analogous base-promoted oxy-aza-Cope rearrangement does take place to form cis-hydroisoquinolones containing functionality that allows iminium ions or N-acyloxyiminium ions to be generated regioselectively in a subsequent step. Mannich cyclization of cis-hydroisoquinolones prepared in this way efficiently assembles the azatricyclo[4.4.0.0(2,8)]decane unit of gelsemine. Using a sequential base-promoted oxy-aza-Cope rearrangement/Mannich cyclization sequence, gram quantities of azatricyclo[4.4.0.0(2,8)]decanone 18, a central intermediate in our total of (+/-)-gelsemine, were prepared from 3-methylanisole in 12 steps and 16% overall yield.
Leptomeningeal collaterals regulate reperfusion in ischemic stroke (2023)

Abstract Recanalization is the mainstay of ischemic stroke treatment. However, even with timely clot removal, many stroke patients recover poorly. Leptomeningeal collaterals (LMCs) are pial anastomotic vessels with yet unknown functions. Utilizing a thrombin-based mouse model of stroke and the gold standard fibrinolytic treatment rt-PA, we here show that LMCs play a critical role in preserving vascular function in ischemic territories. We applied laser speckle contrast imaging, ultrafast ultrasound, and two-photon microscopy, to show that after thrombolysis, LMCs allow for gradual reperfusion resulting in small infarcts. On the contrary, in mice with poor LMCs, distal segments of recanalized arteries collapse and deleterious hyperemia causes hemorrhage and mortality. Accordingly, in stroke patients with poor collaterals undergoing thrombectomy, rapid reperfusion resulted in hemorrhagic transformation and unfavorable recovery. Thus, we identify LMCs as key components regulating reperfusion after stroke. Future therapeutic interventions should aim to enhance collateral function, allowing for gradual reperfusion of ischemic tissues after stroke.
Measurement of theνeand total8B solar neutrino fluxes with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory phase-III data set (2013)

This paper details the solar neutrino analysis of the 385.17-day phase-III data set acquired by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). An array of ${}^{3}$He proportional counters was installed in the heavy-water target to measure precisely the rate of neutrino-deuteron neutral-current interactions. This technique to determine the total active ${}^{8}$B solar neutrino flux was largely independent of the methods employed in previous phases. The total flux of active neutrinos was measured to be $5.{54}_{\ensuremath{-}0.31}^{+0.33}{\text{(stat.)}}_{\ensuremath{-}0.34}^{+0.36}\text{(syst.)}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ s${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, consistent with previous measurements and standard solar models. A global analysis of solar and reactor neutrino mixing parameters yielded the best-fit values of $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}^{2}=7.{59}_{\ensuremath{-}0.21}^{+0.19}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}{\text{eV}}^{2}$ and $\ensuremath{\theta}=34.{4}_{\ensuremath{-}1.2}^{+1.3}\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\text{degrees}$.