gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of ivermectin in the treatment of induced Parascaris equorum infection in pony foals. (1989)

Eighteen pony foals inoculated with 1,500 +/- 109 infective Parascaris equorum eggs were given 0.02 ml of ivermectin vehicle (liquid)/kg of body weight, PO, (control); 0.2 mg of ivermectin paste/kg, PO; or 0.2 mg ivermectin liquid/kg, PO, on postinoculation day (PID) 28. Foals were euthanatized on PID 42, and the small intestinal contents were examined for P equorum larvae. The mean number of fourth-stage P equorum larvae in foals treated with ivermectin paste and liquid were 3.5 and 6, respectively. Significantly (P less than 0.01) higher mean numbers of larvae (1,250) were detected in foals treated with ivermectin vehicle. Larvae recovered from foals treated with ivermectin vehicle were of significantly (P less than 0.002) longer mean length than those from foals treated with ivermectin paste or liquid. Gross examination of lungs and liver revealed similar pathologic changes from the migration of P equorum in all foals. Adverse reaction to treatment was not observed.
Regional grey-matter A1 adenosine receptor expression in patients with early-stage Multiple Sclerosis: An in vivo PET study (2023)

Ziel/Aim Various studies indicate that cerebral adenosine modulates autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. In line, experiments in rodents as well as post-mortem investigations in humans suggested that adenosine and the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR), which is the most abundant adenosine receptor in the brain, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we investigated the in vivo cerebral A1AR availability in early-stage MS patients.
A Synthetic and Theoretical Study of the Aggregation of Amidoaluminium Hydrides: Solid‐State Structure of the Trimethylamine Adduct [(Me3Si)2NA1(Cl)(H) · NMe3] (1996)

Abstract The amidoaluminium hydride complexes [(Me 3 Si) 2 NA1(X)(H) · NMe 3 ], X = H ( 1 ), Cl ( 2 ), were prepared by the metallation of bis(trimethylsilyl)amine by Al(X)(H) 2 · NMe 3 (X = H and Cl). The molecular structure of 2 as a monomeric Lewis base adduct with four‐coordinate aluminium centres and terminal amido groups was confirmed by X‐ray crystal structure determination. We also find that bis(trimethylsilyl)amine forms a thermally stable adduct of alane, (Me 3 Si) 2 N(H) · AlH 3 ( 3 ). Ab initio molecular orbital calculations on the possible products arising from these reactions yielding 1 and 2 revealed that the amido‐bridged species, {(μ‐H 2 N)Al(X)H} 2 (X = H and Cl), are favoured over nitrogen donor Lewis base adduct formation, H 2 NAl(X)(H) · NH 3 (X = H and Cl), and then chloro‐bridged, {H 2 NAl(μ‐X)(H)} 2 , (X = Cl only), and hydrido‐bridged species, {H 2 NAl(X)(μ‐H)} 2 (X = H and Cl).
Understanding and Utilizing Reactive Oxygen Reservoirs in Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal Oxides with Ozone (2022)

Contrary to idealized depictions, atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactions do not always take place solely at the gas-solid interface. The iron oxide ALD system was recently shown to grow by a subsurface mechanism in which reactive oxygen is absorbed into the growing film during ozone exposure, forming an effective reservoir of oxygen. This study investigates the fundamental chemical mechanisms behind the oxygen reservoir phenomenon and extends it to other binary and multicomponent oxide ALD systems. NiO ALD is found to exhibit similar saturation behavior and crystallinity trends with ozone as Fe2O3 ALD. Oxygen uptake from ozone into the film is directly detected in situ for both processes, and in vacuo spectroscopy elucidates possible chemical states of the subsurface oxygen reservoirs in each material. In situ process characterization reveals that the reserved oxygen participates in surface combustion reactions capable of activating ALD growth. The oxygen reservoir mechanism is also shown to generalize to other oxide systems, correlating with trends in oxygen mobility, crystallinity, and metal oxidizability. Finally, the reactive oxygen reservoirs are utilized in the deposition of a multicomponent FeAlxOy material, previously unreported by ALD, revealing that the reserved oxygen can activate growth of other processes and possesses the potential to address nucleation challenges in other ALD systems.
Gene Cloning and Functional Characterization by Heterologous Expression of the Fructosyltransferase of Aspergillus sydowi IAM 2544 (2001)

We have purified a fructosyltransferase from conidia of the inulin-producing fungus Aspergillus sydowi IAM 2544 and obtained peptide sequences from proteolytic fragments of the protein. With degenerated primers, we amplified a PCR fragment that was used to screen a cDNA library. The fructosyltransferase gene from Aspergillus sydowi (EMBL accession no. AJ289046) is expressed in conidia, while no expression could be detected in mycelia by Northern blot analysis of mycelial RNA. The gene encodes a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 75 kDa that is different from all fructosyltransferases in the databases. The only homology that could be detected was to the invertase of Aspergillus niger (EMBL accession no. L06844). The gene was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli, yeast, and potato plants. With protein extracts from transgenic bacteria and yeast, fructooligosaccharides could be produced in vitro. In transgenic potato plants, inulin molecules of up to 40 hexose units were synthesized in vivo. While in vitro experiments with protein extracts from conidia of Aspergillus sydowi yielded the same pattern of oligosaccharides as extracts from transformed bacteria and yeast, in vivo inulin synthesis with fungal conidia leads to the production of a high-molecular-weight polymer.
Optical degradation of InAs quantum-dot lasers on silicon: dependence on temperature and on diffusion processes (2022)

This paper investigates the temperature dependence of the optical degradation of InAs quantum-dot (QD) lasers grown on silicon, and its relation with impurity diffusion processes. This goal was achieved by submitting a group of identical 1.3 &mu;m QD LDs on Si to a series of constant-current stress experiments at baseplate temperatures ranging from 15 &deg;C to 75 &deg;C. The analysis of the threshold current (I<sub>th</sub>) kinetics revealed that the optical degradation process i) is not activated by temperature for junction temperatures (T<sub>j</sub>) lower than 60 &deg;C, ii) becomes temperature activated with E<sub>a</sub> &asymp; 0.6 eV up to 80 &deg;C, iii) is further accelerated for higher operating temperatures, and iv) resembles a diffusion process, due to the squareroot dependence of the I<sub>th</sub> variation on stress time. This peculiar temperature activation was explained in terms of a recombination-enhanced diffusion process, driven be the escape of carriers from the InAs QDs toward nearby semiconductor layers. This process, which is strongly inhibited at low/room temperature, becomes relevant only above a specific temperature threshold. In this condition escaped carriers can be captured by extended defects, where they recombine and release their excess energy non-radiatively. This energy release contributes to the generation of additional defects, and/or to the diffusion of impurities, whose physical origin could be preliminarily attributed to the p-dopant Be, or to the native defects limiting its diffusivity (V<sub>Ga</sub> or Ga<sub>I</sub>).
Physical Properties, Charge Carrier Mobility, and Photovoltaic Performance of Dendritic Oligothiophene Bearing Naphthalene Bis(dicarboximide) Groups (2010)

Dendritic oligothiophene having naphthalene bis(dicarboximide) (NDI) was synthesized, and its physical properties were investigated by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The charge carrier mobility measurements by organic field-effect transistor devices and flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity measurements revealed p-channel behavior. The photovoltaic performance of the dendritic oligothiophene–NDI dyad with PCBM exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 0.14%.
<title>INCITS W1.1 standards for perceptual evaluation of text and line quality</title> (2003)

This paper describes the status and technical progress of the INCITS W1.1 Text and Line Quality <i>ad hoc</i> team. The team has defined the scope of the work and developed several perceptual sub-attributes which comprise the Text Quality and Line Quality attributes, together with preliminary drafts of test patterns suitable for their quantification. Data is provided on initial attempts at quantifying some Text Quality sub-attributes.
ChemInform Abstract: Early Transition and Rare Earth Metal Complexes with N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes (2011)

Abstract Review: 101 refs.
Characterization of Inhibitor and Corrosion Product Film Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) (2001)

Abstract In the work, EIS and Tefal techniques were used to study the corrosion inhibitor performance in multiphase flow conditions. The experimental results show that the corrosion product layer without inhibitor is non-protective at a low temperature and low pressure environment. In slug flow at a Froude number of 6, the effectiveness of the inhibitor increases with the addition of an oil phase and reaches almost 100 % for 100 ppm of inhibitor. Tafel analysis suggest that the most possible way to decrease the corrosion rates could result from the effect of blocking the active sites on the metal surface by adsorbed imidazoline molecules. From EIS, it is shown that with an increase in the inhibitor concentration, the double layer capacitance and inhibitor film capacitance decrease sharply, whilst the solution resistance in the pores increases. The analysis shows that the formation of a very dense inhibitor film on the metal surface rather than an increase in the corrosion product film thickness. This may explain both the decrease of charge transfer resistance and the decrease of film capacitance.
Introduction to organic electronics (2020)

Abstract Basic concepts and opportunities that define the field of organic electronics and organic electronic materials are presented. This is followed by a brief history of the field that is marked by major advances over the last 70 years in our understanding of carbon-rich, disordered, soft organic semiconductors, and their widespread application to devices. A discussion is provided of common language and the introduction of important classes of both polymeric and small molecular weight organic materials to be used throughout the book. Finally, a list of common myths that have surrounded the field of organic electronics is provided, along with a brief discussion of the differences between these myths and the reality that is the subject of the text.
Radiologic approach for neonatal intestinal obstruction (2018)

Poster: ECR 2018 / C-2638 / Radiologic approach for neonatal intestinal obstruction by: M. M. M. Ashour 1, A. Mugahid2, P. M. A. D. Mohamed Abouelhoda2, A. H. A. H. Ibrahim2, R. A. M. A. Helal3, A. M. A. Farag2, M. A. Abo El Ela2, S. Mohamed2, M. A. M. Ayoub2; 1Cairo, New Cairo/EG, 2Cairo/EG, 3Cairo- Egypt/EG
Metformin Triggers Autophagy to Attenuate Drug-Induced Apoptosis in NSCLC Cells, with Minor Effects on Tumors of Diabetic Patients (2017)

The biologic plausibility of an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and lung cancer has received increasing attention, but the results of investigations remain largely inconclusive. In the present study we investigated the influence of the anti-diabetic drug metformin on the cytotoxic effects of EGFR targeted therapy and chemotherapy in 7 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and a cohort of lung cancer patients with/without T2D. In vitro cell viability assays indicated that metformin didn't potentiate the growth inhibitory effects of erlotinib at different doses in cell lines that are of distinct genetic background. EGFR downstream signaling evaluation further demonstrated that metformin, at its IC<sub>50</sub> value, modified apoptosis caused in erlotinib or chemotherapeutic agent-treated cells via AKT activation and the inhibition of caspase 3 and PARP cleavages. These regulations were driven independently from EGFR, LKB1, KRAS, PTEN and p53 status. Metformin triggered autophagy (LC3B expression) was identified to interplay with apoptosis to attenuate the drug effect and postpone cancer cell death. In the retrospective study of 8 NSCLC patients, the administration of metformin did not induce statistically significant changes as assessed by immunohistochemical staining of pERK, pAKT and cleaved PARP. Consequently, the application of metformin for T2D NSCLC patients receiving chemo or EGFR targeted therapy should be considered with caution.
DNA‐Based Synthetic Growth Factor Surrogates with Fine‐Tuned Agonism** (2021)

Designing synthetic surrogates of functional proteins is an important, albeit challenging, task in the field of chemistry. A strategy toward the design of synthetic agonists for growth factor or cytokine receptors that elicit a desired signal activity has been in high demand, as such ligands hold great promise as safer and more effective therapeutics. In the present study, we used a DNA aptamer as a building block and described the strategy-guided design of a synthetic receptor agonist with fine-tuned agonism. The developed synthetic partial agonist can regulate therapeutically relevant cellular activities by eliciting fine-tuned receptor signaling.
Methods of using (1S,3S)-3-amino-4-difluoromethylenyl-1-cyclopentanoic acid (2023)

(1S,3S)-3-amino-4-difluoromethylenyl-1-cyclopentanoic acid also known as CPP-115 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be used to treat addiction and neurological disorders such as epilepsy without side effects such as visual field defects caused by vigabatrin (Sabril).
Purification by Dye-Ligand Chromatography and a Crystallization Study of the F1-ATPase and Its Major Subunits, β and α, from a Thermophilic Bacterium, PS31 (1991)

For a crystallization study, purification methods for F1-ATPase from a thermophilic bacterium, PS3, and its major subunits, beta and alpha, have been improved. The improvement depended on the introduction of dye-ligand chromatography columns to the previously adopted array of chromatography columns: a Blue-B (a blue dye bound to agarose) column was introduced for the F1 preparation, a Green-A column (a green dye attached to agarose) for the beta subunit, and a Blue-A (another blue dye, Cibacron Blue 3GA, bound to agarose) column for the alpha subunit. The improved preparations of all the proteins had purities of nearly 99%. Using the highly purified preparations of the proteins, crystallization conditions were searched for in a systematic way. Large plate crystals (0.2 X 0.5 X 0.5 mm) of F1 were grown from a polyethylene glycol solution. However, neither of the subunits was crystallized, in spite of extensive search for crystallization conditions.
Antireflection temporal coatings: comment (2021)

The quarter-wavelength matching technique is widely used because it minimizes the reflection while it maximizes the transmission. The recently introduced antireflection temporal coatings (ATCs) [ Optica 7 , 323 ( 2020 ) 10.1364/OPTICA.381175 ] have been considered as its temporal analog. However, our study shows that by introducing an ATC, not only will the reflection be reduced but also the transmission. This phenomenon is opposite its spatial counterpart, which indicates that ATCs are more than simply a temporal dual of quarter-wavelength matching. This is a direct consequence of the different physical phenomena that are manifested in the temporal and spatial domains.
Formation of interpolymer complexes (1980)

Abstract Interpolymer complex formations of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with oligocations as well as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and poly-(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone of various chain lengths were studied. For the case of complexation between PMAA and oligocations, the standard free energy change for the complexation ΔG° was found to be linearly dependent on the number of interacting sites, n. The stability constant K for complex is expressed as K = AeBnwhere A and B are constants which depend on the chemical structure of the polyelectrolytes. For the case of complex formation through hydrogen bonding, the degree of linkage Θ, defined as the ratio of the binding groups to the total of potentially interacting groups, and the stability constant K of the polymer-polymer complexes both in aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic media were determined as a function of temperature by means of potentiometric titration. It was found that Θ and K were strongly dependent on chain length, temperature, and medium, and that hydrophobic interaction was a significant factor for the stabilization of the complexes. The enthalpy and entropy changes as well as the cooperativity parameter of the complex formation, derived by use of a one-dimensional Ising model, were also calculated. Both of these two types of interpolymer complexes were found to be in a nonequilibrium state for a considerable period of time, and they grow to an interesting morphological structure after successive aggregation. A mechanism for the complexation process was proposed in terms of the cooperative interaction.
Synthesis and Characterization of Imidazolium Salts with the Weakly Coordinating [B(C6F5)4]– Anion (2012)

Graphical Abstract Synthesis and Characterization of Imidazolium Salts with the Weakly Coordinating [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] – Anion
New High Stopping Power Thin Scintillators Based on ${\rm Lu}_{2}{\rm O}_{3}$ and ${\rm Lu}_{3}{\rm Ga}_{5-{\rm x}}{\rm In}_{\rm x}{\rm O}_{12}$ for High Resolution X-ray Imaging (2012)

X-ray computed tomography devices and X-ray diffraction techniques are powerful tools: the former provide volumetric data of samples during a non-destructive examination for biology and material science, and the latter measure grain orientation and strain, as well as crystalline phase identification and structure refinement. Today, the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) provides increasingly higher energy beams, up to 150 keV combined with higher brilliance (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> X-ray photons/sec). This means that detectors suffer from low X-ray absorption at high spatial resolution (1-10 μm) and from radiation damage in tomography and diffraction applications. In addition, more and more experiments in medicine require the absorbed dose by the sample to be reduced. In this context, more efficient scintillators are developed and evaluated at the ESRF. In order to perform sub-micrometer and micrometer resolution imaging scintillators 1 μm to 500 μm thin are required. Single Crystal Film scintillators (SCF), 1 μm to 100 μm can be obtained via Liquid Phase Epitaxy for sub-micrometer resolution. Transparent ceramics, 100 μm to 500 μm thick are promising candidates for X-ray imaging requiring high X-ray absorption and good contrast with micrometer resolution. Commonly available scintillators, such as CdWO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> and YAG:Ce suffer from low efficiency, therefore new scintillators with higher light yield and stopping-power are required. A first test was carried out to evaluate an Europium doped Lutetium Oxide ceramic for micrometer resolution and new SCFs of Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5-x</sub> In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> :Eu for sub-micrometer resolution are investigated. Performance of Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and LuInGG, i.e absorption, light yield, afterglow, spatial resolution will be presented and compared to standard screens (YAG, GGG). First results will be illustrated with X-ray images and will demonstrate the absorption efficiency improvement at high spatial resolution.
Subspace and graph methods to leverage auxiliary data for limited target data multi-class classification, applied to speaker verification (2011)

Multi-class classification can be adversely affected by the absence of sufficient target (in-class) instances for training. Such cases arise in face recognition, speaker verification, and document classification, among others. Auxiliary data-sets which contain a diverse sampling of non-target instances, are leveraged in this thesis using subspace and graph methods to improve classification where target data is limited. 
The auxiliary data is used to define a compact representation that maps instances into a vector space where inner products quantify class similarity. Within this space, an estimate of the subspace that constitutes within-class variability (e.g. the recording channel in speaker verification or the illumination conditions in face recognition) can be obtained using class-labeled auxiliary data. This thesis proposes a way to incorporate this estimate into the SVM framework to perform nuisance compensation, thus improving classification performance. Another contribution is a framework that combines mapping and compensation into a single linear comparison, which motivates computationally inexpensive and accurate comparison functions. 
A key aspect of the work takes advantage of efficient pairwise comparisons between the training, test, and auxiliary instances to characterize their interaction within the vector space, and exploits it for improved classification in three ways. The first uses the local variability around the train and test instances to reduce false-alarms. The second assumes the instances lie on a low-dimensional manifold and uses the distances along the manifold. The third extracts relational features from a similarity graph where nodes correspond to the training, test and auxiliary instances. 
To quantify the merit of the proposed techniques, results of experiments in speaker verification are presented where only a single target recording is provided to train the classifier. Experiments are preformed on standard NIST corpora and methods are compared using standard evalutation metrics: detection error trade-off curves, minimum decision costs, and equal error rates. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Sensitivity to Interferon-Alpha and Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 Binding Activity in Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cell Line KT-1 (2000)

The mechanism of responsiveness of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells to interferon (IFN)-alpha was examined by using two subclones of CML cell line KT-1 which exhibited significantly different sensitivities to the antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of IFN-alpha. IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) formation by IFN-alpha was reduced in the IFN-alpha-resistant subclone compared to the IFN-alpha-sensitive subclone. We conclude that the level of ISGF3 formation is responsible for the difference in IFN-alpha responses between these subclones.
One-Pot Synthesis of 1-Phenylsulfonyl-2-aroylindoles (2011)

Abstract Interaction of phenylsulfonyl-2-aminobenzaldehyde with 2-bromo-1-phenylethanones in the presence of K2CO3 followed by acid-catalyzed dehydration led to the formation of 1-phenylsulfonyl-2-aroylindoles.