gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Birefringent π-Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Gratings for Sensing at 1000 °C Fabricated Using an Infrared Femtosecond Laser and a Phase Mask (2018)

Birefringent π-phase-shifted Bragg gratings for multi-parameter sensing at temperatures ~1000 °C are written inside a standard single mode silica optical fiber (SMF-28) with infrared femtosecond pulses and a special phase mask one half of which is shifted with respect to the other by 5/4 of the mask period. The birefringence is caused by the presence of light-induced sub-wavelength periodic planar nanostructures in the fiber core, whose orientation is controlled by the laser polarization, and is maximized when the laser pulse polarization is aligned perpendicular to the fiber core. The birefringence can reach ~4.2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> at room temperature at the 1.5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> level after 100 h annealing at 1000 °C. Erasure and rewriting of the planar nanostructures inside fiber Bragg gratings by changing the laser pulse polarization is demonstrated.
Engineering Surface Texture of Pads for Improving CMP Performance of Sub-10 nm Nodes (2020)

Shallow trench isolation (STI) chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) will continue to be a critical step in the device fabrication of future technology nodes. A CMP process needs the right combination of pad, slurry, and pad conditioner to be able to deliver the best performance. Engineered pad surface along with usage of non-Prestonian ceria slurries can be used to solve key STI CMP challenges. Herein, it is demonstrated that relative to a reference pad, reducing and optimizing pad surface roughness, can help improve material removal rate by 26%–95% at different wafer pressures, lower the dishing by 34%–51% for feature size of 50–200 μ m, thereby leading to an improved planarization performance. This work illustrates that the surface texture of a pad can be used to achieve a stable dishing range over different feature scales for various over polish times. Also, optimizing the pad surface roughness minimizes slurry consumption by 33% and enables polishing at a lower downforce. Further, it is demonstrated that relative to a reference pad, defectivity can be improved up to 85% for the pad without impacting the planarization performance by reducing the pad material hardness and polishing at an optimized pad surface roughness.
Clinical Findings and Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Extraprostatic Extension Identified on Prostate Biopsy (2016)

Extraprostatic extension is a rare finding on prostate biopsy. It is strongly associated with other features of aggressive prostate cancer.
Salivary Glands: Echo-Planar versus PROPELLER Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging for Assessment of ADCs (2009)

http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.2531082228/-/DC1.
Real-Time Characterization of Ribozymes by Fluorecence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) (1999)

More rapid than with conventional methods is the analysis of ribozyme kinetics upon use of FRET substrates. In these substrates a fluorophore and a fluorescence-quenching molecule lie in close spatial proximity. The intramolecular fluorescence quenching is neutralized upon cleavage, and the fluorescence intensity is a measure of the ribozyme activity. By automation and computer assistance the activity of ribozymes can be monitored under high-throughput conditions.
Impact of milk feeding levels and housing on the incidence of respiratory disease in young dairy calves (2013)

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be the leading cause of death in feeder cattle, with losses approaching $1 billion annually in North America. In contrast to beef cattle, dairy calves are more likely to be affected with BRD during the pre-weaning (incidence, 58%) and post-weaning (incidence 42%) periods. Additionally, the impact of BRD extends beyond the actual disease episode, with negative effects evident on subsequent productivity and survivability of replacement stock. The ability to identify calves during the initial stages of BRD by behavior monitoring would allow for earlier treatment intervention and potentially decrease the disease's effects on subsequent productivity. Results of recent studies indicate that group housing or daily increased provision of milk decreased the incidence of disease and increased the daily gain. These findings suggest the potential for a positive effect of the social interactions stemming from group or paired housing. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of milk feeding levels and housing on the incidence of BRD in young dairy heifers.
Limited Feedback Over Temporally Correlated Channels for the Downlink of a Femtocell Network (2011)

Heterogeneous networks are a flexible deployment model that rely on low power nodes to improve the user broadband experience in a cost effective manner. Femtocells are an integral part of heterogeneous networks, whose main purpose is to improve the indoor capacity. When restricting access to home users, femtocells cause a substantial interference problem that cannot be mitigated through coordination with the macrocell base station. In this paper, we analyze multiple antenna communication on the downlink of a macrocell network, with femtocell overlay. We evaluate the feasibility of limited feedback beamforming given delay on the feedback channel, quantization error and uncoordinated interference from the femtocells. We model the femtocell spatial distribution as a Poisson point process and the temporal correlation of the channel according to a Gauss-Markov model. We derive the probability of outage at the macrocell users as a function of the temporal correlation, the femtocell density, and the feedback rate. We propose rate backoff to maximize the average achievable rate in the network. Simulation results show that limited feedback beamforming is a viable solution for femtocell networks despite the CSI inaccuracy and the interference. They illustrate how properly designed rate backoff improves the achievable rate of the macrocell system.
The Challenges of Vaccine Development against Betacoronaviruses: Antibody Dependent Enhancement and Sendai Virus as a Possible Vaccine Vector (2020)

To design an effective and safe vaccine against betacoronaviruses, it is necessary to elicit a combination of strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses as well as to minimize the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection. This phenomenon was observed in animal trials of experimental vaccines against SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV that were developed based on inactivated coronavirus or vector constructs expressing the spike protein (S) of the virion. The substitution and glycosylation of certain amino acids in the antigenic determinants of the S-protein, as well as its conformational changes, can lead to the same effect in a new experimental vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. This review outlines approaches for developing vaccines against the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that are based on non-pathogenic viral vectors. For efficient prevention of infections caused by respiratory pathogens the ability of the vaccine to stimulate mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract is important. Such a vaccine can be developed using non-pathogenic Sendai virus vector, since it can be administered intranasally and induce a mucosal immune response that strengthens the antiviral barrier in the respiratory tract and provides reliable protection against infection. The mucosal immunity and the production of IgA antibodies accompanying its development reduces the likelihood of developing an antibody-dependent infection enhancement, which is usually associated only with immunopathological IgG antibodies.
HT-EMIS: A Deep Learning Tool for Hardware Trojan Detection and Identification through Runtime EM Side-Channels (2023)

Hardware Trojans (HTs) are malicious circuits planted in Integrated Circuits (ICs). Multiple techniques using Side-Channel signals to detect HTs have been developed over the past decade. However, most of this research focuses on HT detection. Few of them explore the possibility of either identifying different Hardware Trojans implemented inside ICs or detecting inactive HTs. We propose a runtime EM side-channel analysis workflow (HT-EMIS) that uses a convolutional neural network to address the shortcomings above. By analyzing EM side-channel leakage from an FPGA, our tool can identify known types of HTs implemented inside a design and reports whether they are inactive or active with 100% accuracy. Additionally, we are able to successfully detect new unseen HTs with this model in 98.7% of test cases, due to the fact that HTs inserted at the Register Transfer Level with similar triggers and payloads often have similar effects on a floorplan, and thus the EM radiation of a device.
Fluorescence <I>In Situ</I> Hybridization Assessment of c -myc Gene Amplification in Breast Tumor Tissues (2006)

This chapter details methods used for analysis of DNA copy-number changes in breast tumor tissues through the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization. The specific DNA probe described herein is the oncogene c-myc, although the tissue fluorescence in situ hybridization methodology presented is suitable for dual-color studies of most unique sequence and chromosome specific control probes. The breast tumor tissue sections are first deparaffinized in a solvent and clearing agent, and then pretreated with a protease to allow the target DNA within the breast tissue cells to be uncovered. This allows the DNA to be available for hybridization with the labeled c-myc probe. The tissue sections are then analyzed to assure that appropriate digestion of cellular material has been attained. The tissues are then denatured. The c-myc probe and control probe for the centromere of chromosome 8 are commercially available as differentially labeled and are cohybridized to the tissue and sealed beneath a cover slip in a humid chamber. They are incubated for 12-16 h. The cover slip is then removed, and the section is postwashed in 2X saline sodium citrate at 72 degrees C for 5 min and allowed to cool to room temperature in a detergent solution. The slides are then counterstained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, and a cover slip is applied. The slides are then viewed with fluorescence microscopy using filters that allow the c-myc and chromosome 8 signals to be visualized. If possible, 50 cells are counted, and the data are expressed as number of c-myc signals/number of chromosome 8 signals.
Poster (2022)

Behavioural analysis based on filesystem operations is one of the most promising approaches for the detection of ransomware. Nonetheless, tracking all the operations on all the files for all the processes can introduce a significant overhead on the monitored system. We present MUSTARD, a solution to dynamically adapt the degree of monitoring for each process based on their behaviour to achieve a reduction of monitoring resources for the benign processes.
Bioinspired Triboelectric Nanosensors for Self-Powered Wearable Applications (2021)

The sustainable operation of wearable sensors plays an important role in continuous and longtime health monitoring. Conventional batteries, which are bulky and rigid, do not satisfy these requirements and, rather, cause additional economic burdens and environmental problems by regular replacement of power sources. This article provides a review on an alternative solution in the form of self-powered devices that can harvest energy from the surrounding environment to support the operation of the wearable sensor. The Review starts with an introduction of the self-powered triboelectric nanosensors (TENSs) and its two independent modules: the energy harvester and the sensing module. The Review continues with the TENS-related bioinspired designs for wearable applications, while providing a bird's-eye view of their characteristics and applications. The ongoing challenges and prospects for providing personal healthcare with self-powered TENS are presented and discussed.
Structural evidence for substrate strain in antibody catalysis (2003)

The crystal structure of the Michaelis complex between the Fab fragment of ferrochelatase antibody 7G12 and its substrate mesoporphyrin has been solved to 2.6-A resolution. The antibody-bound mesoporphyrin clearly adopts a nonplanar conformation and reveals that the antibody catalyzes the porphyrin metallation reaction by straining/distorting the bound substrate toward the transition-state configuration. The crystal structures of the Fab fragment of the germ-line precursor antibody to 7G12 and its complex with the hapten N-methylmesoporphyrin have also been solved. A comparison of these structures with the corresponding structures of the affinity-matured antibody 7G12 reveals the molecular mechanism by which the immune system evolves binding energy to catalyze this reaction.
Les anti-oncogènes en vedette : absences et liaisons dangereuses du produit p110-114Rb du gène du rétinoblastome (1988)

Les anti-oncogènes en vedetteAbsences et liaisons dangereuses du produit p 110-11 4 Rb du gène du ré tin oblastome
Cell-Module Integration Concept Compatible with c-Si Epitaxial Thin Foils and with Efficiencies over 18% (2012)

There are several reasons why key actors in the PV industry target thinner Si cells. It is an unresolved question whether stand-alone wafer processing will ever become a yielding production process on wafers thinner than ~80 μm. The approach proposed in this paper, termed i2-module, is targeted to back contact cells with a thickness down to 40 μm. The i2- module concept, aims at interconnecting very thin (~ 40 μm) back-contact cells. This is a disruptive approach starting from (epitaxial) Si foils which are silicone-glued to the module. Subsequent process steps like patterning, BSF formation and metallization, which would be critical to execute on stand-alone wafers of this thickness, are executed on bonded tiles of wafers, at the “module level”. We report here experimental results both related to cell processing and to thin wafer supply. The process development has been initiated using 170 μm thick FZ Si wafers as test platform. Front side of the wafers were processed according to imec’s i2BC baseline including a back side emitter, afterwards they were subsequently silicone- ’glued’ to the module. Further rear-side processing is done while the substrates are bonded to the module glass and should therefore have to be compatible with the glass and silicone glue. Epitaxial foils are investigated as a “supply” of very thin Si wafers. Processes have been developed for growing these 40 μm thick foils on top of a weak porous silicon layer. Those foils are transferred to the module glass after front side processing is finished, using a silicone-based glue. Afterwards the parent substrate can be removed and the rear-side processes developed at this moment for reference FZ bulk wafers will be applied on these bonded foils.
Thermochromic tissue-mimicking phantom for optimisation of thermal tumour ablation (2016)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to (1) develop a novel tissue-mimicking thermochromic (TMTC) phantom that permanently changes colour from white to magenta upon heating above ablative temperatures, and (2) assess its utility for specific applications in evaluating thermal therapy devices. Materials and methods Polyacrylamide gel mixed with thermochromic ink was custom made to produce a TMTC phantom that changes its colour upon heating above biological ablative temperatures (> 60 °C). The thermal properties of the phantom were characterised, and compared to those of human tissue. In addition, utility of this phantom as a tool for the assessment of laser and microwave thermal ablation was examined. Results The mass density, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity of the TMTC phantom were measured as 1033 ± 1.0 kg/m(3), 0.590 ± 0.015 W/m.K, and 0.145 ± 0.002 mm(2)/s, respectively, and found to be in agreement with reported values for human soft tissues. Heating the phantom with laser and microwave ablation devices produced clearly demarcated regions of permanent colour change geographically corresponding to regions with temperature elevations above 60 °C. Conclusion The TMTC phantom provides direct visualisation of ablation dynamics, including ablation volume and geometry as well as peak absolute temperatures within the treated region post-ablation. This phantom can be specifically tailored for different thermal therapy modalities, such as radiofrequency, laser, microwave, or therapeutic ultrasound ablation. Such modality-specific phantoms may enable better quality assurance, device characterisation, and ablation parameter optimisation, or optimise the study of dynamic heating parameters integral to drug device combination therapies relying upon heat.
Supplementary Table 2 from Loss of E-Cadherin Promotes Metastasis via Multiple Downstream Transcriptional Pathways (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Loss of E-Cadherin Promotes Metastasis via Multiple Downstream Transcriptional Pathways
Synthesis and Characterization of Readily Modified Poly(aryl)(alkoxy)stannanes by use of Hypercoordinated Sn Monomers (2018)

The synthesis and solid-state molecular structures of two dichlorido(aryl)(alkyl) tin compounds, 5 and 8, both key intermediates to tunable polystannane architectures, are reported. The materials were further investigated by single-crystal XRD and a DFT analysis of their preferential "open and closed" geometries. Conversion of said compounds to their dihydride analogues was undertaken, followed by their application as monomers for polystannane polymer synthesis. The properties of two asymmetrical polystannanes prepared by transition-metal-catalyzed dehydropolymerization of dihydrido(aryl)alkylstannanes (6 and 9) were investigated. The first product was the structurally simple, modest molecular weight, semi-crystalline light- and moisture-stable polystannane 10 with NMR (<sup>119</sup> Sn) evidence of prominent Sn←O hypercoordination along the polymer backbone. The second was the lower molecular weight, tosylated four-coordinate polystannane 11 with no evidence of hypercoordination. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of polymer 10 revealed a reversible semi-crystalline nature, whereas an amorphous character was detected for polymer 11. Polystannane 10 was also found to be exceptionally stable to both moisture and light (>6 months) and a promising candidate for the design of readily modified (i.e., tunable) polystannane materials.
White-Light Single-Shot Digital Hologram Recorder (2007)

A new technique, coined integral holography, for recording holograms of three-dimensional objects under spatially incoherent white-light illumination, and in a single camera shot, is presented. Experimental results validate the correctness of the new technique.
Impact of Laser Phase Noise on Self-Coherent Transceivers Employing High-Order QAM Formats (2021)

Recent studies have shown that the self-coherent systems, including the bi-directional, the Stokes-vector-modulation direct-detection (SVM-DD), and the Kramers-Kronig (KK) schemes, have the potential to reduce the cost of short-reach networks. One of the most attractive features of the self-coherent systems is that they may eliminate the necessity of a narrow-linewidth laser, which is mandatory in the conventional full coherent systems employing high-order quadrature-amplitude-modulation (QAM) formats. On the other hand, it is also recognized that the laser phase noise may have a significant impact on the system performance if there exists a large length mismatch between the signal and the CW tone in the transmission paths. In this paper, we analyze the impact of laser phase noise on the self-coherent systems numerically and experimentally by considering the bi-directional system as an example case. As a result, we show that the performance of the self-coherent system can be described efficiently by using a limited number of normalized parameters. We then reveal the existence of a distinctive threshold on the path length mismatch that influences the bit-error-rate (BER) performance; the penalty increases in a stepwise manner as the length mismatch exceeds the threshold and converges to a constant value. Based on the results, we suggest the feasibility of employing high-order QAM formats to transmit >800 Gb/s signals per polarization using a 10-MHz-linewidth laser. Finally, proof-of-concept experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical and numerical analyses.
Telomerase (2007)

Abstract Telomeres progressively shorten in almost all normal human tissues with increased age. In pre‐neoplasia, telomeres are exceptionally short. Almost all human malignant tumours express telomerase to maintain these short telomeres. This activity is absent or is at lower levels in normal tissues. This has led to approaches for inhibiting telomerase as a target for cancer therapeutics. Cancer stem cells have been shown to be both telomerase expressing and containing short telomeres. This suggests that telomerase inhibitors are likely to target both the bulk of the more differentiated tumour cells as well as the stem cells that provide the unlimited growth of most advanced cancers.
Using simply self-injection technology for low cost upstream signal in 10 Gbps TDM-PON (2008)

In this paper, we propose and experimentally investigate a simple self-injection Fabry-Perot laser scheme on each optical network unit (ONU) for 10 Gbps TDM passive optical networks (PONs). Based on the proposed four piped 2.5 Gbps lasers, the 10 Gbps uplink traffic can be easily achieved at a cost-effective way. The network architecture and performance have also been analyzed and discussed.
Spectroellipsometric Characterization Of Inhomogeneous Films (1987)

Determination of the compositional depth profile of an inhomogeneous film structure is often approached via surface analysis techniques used in a sputter depth profiling mode. An alternative is to model the compositional profile to fit optical measurement data, such as multiple incident angle or spectroscopic ellipsometric data. This paper presents the application of a statistical approach to this analysis problem. Multiple incident angle and multiple wavelength ellipsometer measurements have been made on hafnia and alumina single films on borosilicate glass substrates. Theoretical sensitivity data of the measured quantities T, A on the index and thickness of the film is presented and discussed. The measurement data is then numerically fit to several models that express small inhomogeneities in the film refractive index as a system of multiple homogeneous films. Existence of local minima in the value of the chosen merit function and statistical techniques that permit location of the global minimum are addressed by &apos;this approach. Results are discussed in terms of the magnitude of the merit function and compared to spectral reflectance measurements made on the coated samples.
A demonstration of the SN2 reaction and the effects of structure, leaving group, and solvent (1992)

This demonstration allows the effects of substrate structure, leaving group, and solvent upon the rate of the SN2 reaction to be demonstrated with a visible color change that indicates the completion of the reaction.