gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of the Rainbow WDM optical network prototype (2002)

Rainbow is a prototype optical metropolitan area network (MAN) developed at IBM. It employs wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) on a fiber-optic passive-star network topology, with each station equipped with a laser, which is fixed tuned to its own unique wavelength, and a Fabry-Perot filter, which is tunable across all wavelengths. The paper presents a model and analysis of the protocol used in the Rainbow prototype using the equilibrium point analysis (EPA) technique. The authors examine the system's throughput and how it is affected by various system parameters such as message arrival rate, message length, and timeout duration. They show that, for a given arrival rate, there is a timeout duration that will yield the optimal throughput. The analytical results are verified by simulation.
Fracture spacing and orientation estimation from spectral analyses of azimuth stacks (2005)

Discrete, vertically aligned fracture systems impart one or more notches in the spectral ratios of stacked reflected seismic traces. This apparent attenuation is due to the azimuth dependant scattering introduced by the fractures. The most prominent notch is located at the frequency where the P wavelength is about twice the fracture spacing. The frequency location of the notches can be used to determine the fracture spacings. Azimuth stacks with an orientation parallel to the fractures tend not show these spectral notches — allowing for another way to detect the fracture orientation. An analysis of the vertical component of the 3D, ocean bottom cable seismic survey data from the Emilio field, offshore Italy, shows a prominent set of fractures with a spacing of about 30 to 40 meters with orientations that agree with previous studies.
Lupus autoantibodies initiate a maladaptive equilibrium sustained by HMGB1:RAGE signaling and reversed by LAIR-1:C1q signaling (2023)

Abstract Cognitive impairment is a frequent manifestation of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), present in up to 80% of patients and leading to a diminished quality of life. We have developed a model of lupus-like cognitive impairment which is initiated when anti-DNA, anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) cross-reactive antibodies, which are present in 30% of SLE patients, penetrate the hippocampus. This leads to immediate, self-limited excitotoxic death of CA1 pyramidal neurons followed by a significant loss of dendritic arborization in the remaining CA1 neurons and impaired spatial memory. Both microglia and C1q are required for dendritic loss. Here we show that this pattern of hippocampal injury creates a maladaptive equilibrium that is sustained for at least one year. It requires HMGB1 secretion by neurons to bind RAGE, a receptor for HMGB1 expressed on microglia, and leads to decreased expression of microglial LAIR-1, an inhibitory receptor for C1q. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril, which can restore a healthy equilibrium, microglial quiescence, and intact spatial memory, leads to upregulation of LAIR-1. This paradigm highlights HMGB1:RAGE and C1q:LAIR-1 interactions as pivotal pathways in the microglial–neuronal interplay that defines a physiologic versus a maladaptive equilibrium.
Abstract 1457: Akt phosphorylation of mitochondrial Lonp1 protease enables oxidative metabolism and advanced tumor traits (2020)

Abstract Introduction: The control of protein homeostasis, or proteostasis is essential for cellular adaptation to disparate environmental cues and relies on protein (re)folding or proteolytic removal of aggregated or misfolded proteins. Defective proteostasis can irreversibly impair organelle functions and activate cell death through an unfolded protein response. Tumor mitochondria have heightened protein folding quality control, but the regulators of this process and how they impact cancer traits are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of stress-regulated LonP1 (ATP-dependent protease) in tumor mitochondria and their implications for advanced cancer traits. Experimental procedures: We monitored kinase activity in immunoprecipitation, protein expression by immunoblotting, mitochondrial ROS quantification in live cells, mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity, mitochondria time-lapse video microscopy, protein folding, proteomics analysis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitochondrial trafficking and tumor cell motility, and tumor growth and metastasis. A xenograft prostate cancer model was used to study antitumor activity in vivo. Results: We showed that the ATP-directed mitochondrial protease, LonP1 is upregulated by stress conditions, including hypoxia, in tumor, but not normal cells. In mitochondria, LonP1 is phosphorylated by Akt on Ser173 and Ser181, enhancing its protease activity. Interference with this pathway induces accumulation of misfolded subunits of electron transport chain complex II and complex V, resulting in impaired oxidative bioenergetics and heightened ROS production. Functionally, this suppresses mitochondrial trafficking to the cortical cytoskeleton, shuts off tumor cell migration and invasion, and inhibits primary and metastatic tumor growth, in vivo. Conclusion: These data identify LonP1 as a key effector of mitochondrial reprogramming in cancer and potential therapeutic target. Citation Format: Jagadish C. ghosh, Jae Ho Seo, Ekta Agarwal, Yuan Wang, Andrew V. Kossenkov, Hsin-Yao Tang, David W. Speicher, Dario C. Altieri. Akt phosphorylation of mitochondrial Lonp1 protease enables oxidative metabolism and advanced tumor traits [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1457.
Frozen Acrylamide Gels as Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Matrices (2017)

Abstract Aqueous acrylamide gels can be used to provide dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR signal enhancements of around 200 at 9.4 T and 100 K. The enhancements are shown to increase with crosslinker concentration and low concentrations of the AMUPol biradical. This DNP matrix can be used in situations where conventional incipient wetness methods fail, such as to obtain DNP surface enhanced NMR spectra from inorganic nanoparticles. In particular, we obtain 113 Cd spectra from CdTe‐COOH NPs in minutes. The spectra clearly indicate a highly disordered cadmium‐rich surface.
Development of high current low energy H/sup +/ ion source (1978)

The ultimate goal of this work is the development of an ion source suitable for double charge exchange of D/sup +/ ions to D/sup -/ ions in cesium or other vapor. Since the fraction of the D/sup +/ which changes to D/sup -/ may be as high as 0.35 in the energy below one keV, the process appears very favorable. What is desired is a source of several hundred cm/sup 2/ area, with a D/sup +/ current density greater than, say 0.2A/cm/sup 2/. Small angular spread is essential with up to about 0.1 radian being acceptable. A simple approach to this problem appears to be through fine mesh extraction electrodes. In this system a single grid facing the ion source plasma constitutes the entire extraction electrode system. If the potential difference between the grid and the source plasma is large compared to the ion energy at the plasma boundary, then the distance s/sub 0/ is just the Child-Langmuir distance corresponding to the ion current density J and the potential difference V/sub 0/ between the plasma and the grid.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Counter Electrodes for Indium Tin Oxide-Free Plastic Dye Solar Cells (2010)

The use of a thin carbon nanotube (CNT) counter electrode (CE) on plastic in a dye solar cell (DSC) is demonstrated as an alternative to expensive indium tin oxide and platinum materials. Optically transparent, single-walled CNT films synthesized by the aerosol CVD method and dry-printed on PET plastic substrates functioned as both the catalyst and conducting layer of the DSC CE. The best charge-transfer resistances and sheet resistances for the random network-type film were around and , respectively, making them suitable for low-intensity DSC applications. A solar cell efficiency of 2.5% was reached at an illumination of . The photocurrent generation of the cells was found to decrease when a non-purified CNT-CE was used. The electrochemical removal of iron catalyst particles from the CNT films reduced the detrimental effect and stabilized the performance of the DSC.
High-power impedance spectroscopy for lead-free alkali niobate piezoceramics (2017)

Impedance spectroscopy for piezoceramics under high-power application was investigated. Impedance spectra under bipolar high electric field were completely different below and above TC. Below TC, high-power impedance spectra could be successfully fitted to a three resistance-constant phase element (3 R-CPE) equivalent circuit. Above TC, however, a 2 R-CPE equivalent circuit was sufficient to fit with high-power impedance spectra. For this reason, there was another relaxation factor caused by high-power application in the ferroelectric phase. From the high-power impedance spectra below TC, the nonlinear response of capacitance under a high electric field was calculated. Hence, domain wall motion would appear as a relaxation factor. Subsequently, high-power impedance spectra before and after cyclic unipolar fatigue treatment were compared. Considering the assumption that domain wall motion appeared as a relaxation factor, the capacitance caused by domain wall motion was decreased after cyclic fatigue. In conclusion, we believe that domain wall pinning could be evaluated by separating other electrical properties. In this work, the measurement possibility by impedance spectroscopy for high-power application for piezoceramics was investigated.
Oligodendrocyte-Specific FADD Deletion Protects Mice from Autoimmune-Mediated Demyelination (2010)

Apoptosis of oligodendrocytes (ODCs), the myelin-producing glial cells in the CNS, plays a central role in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. To investigate the mechanism behind ODC apoptosis in EAE, we made use of conditional knockout mice lacking the adaptor protein FADD specifically in ODCs (FADD(ODC-KO)). FADD mediates apoptosis by coupling death receptors with downstream caspase activation. In line with this, ODCs from FADD(ODC-KO) mice were completely resistant to death receptor-induced apoptosis in vitro. In the EAE model, FADD(ODC-KO) mice followed an ameliorated clinical disease course in comparison with control littermates. Lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration into the spinal cord parenchyma was significantly reduced, as was the extent of demyelination and proinflammatory gene expression. Collectively, our data show that FADD is critical for ODC apoptosis and the development of autoimmune demyelinating disease.
Using L‐Arginine‐Functionalized Gold Nanorods for Visible Detection of Mercury(II) Ions (2015)

A rapid and simple approach for visible determination of mercury ions (Hg(2+) ) in aqueous solutions was developed based on surface plasmon resonance phenomenon using L-arginine-functionalized gold nanorods (AuNRs). At pH greater than 9, the deprotonated amine group of L-arginine on the AuNRs bound with Hg(2+) leading to the side-by-side assembly of AuNRs, which was verified by transmission electron microscopy images. Thus, when Hg(2+) was present in the test solution, a blue shift of the typical longitudinal plasmon band of the AuNRs was observed in the ultra violet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectra, along with a change in the color of the solution, which occurred within 5 min. After carefully optimizing the potential factors affecting the performance, the L-arginine/AuNRs sensing system was found to be highly sensitive to Hg(2+) , with the limit of detection of 5 nM (S/N = 3); it is also very selective and free of interference from 10 other metal ions (Ba(2+) , Ca(2+) , Cd(2+) , Co(2+) , Cs(+) , Cu(2+) , K(+) , Li(+) , Ni(2+) , Pb(2+) ). The result suggests that the L-arginine-functionalized AuNRs can potentially serve as a rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use colorimetric biosensor useful for determining Hg(2+) in food and environmental samples.
Modelling and Simulation of VSC-HVDC Connection for Offshore Wind Power Plants (2010)

Several large offshore wind power plants (WPP)\nare planned in the seas around Europe. VSC-HVDC is a suitable\nmeans of integrating such large and distant offshore WPP which\nneed long submarine cable transmission to the onshore grid.\nRecent trend is to use large wind turbine generators with full\nscale converters to achieve an optimal operation over a wide\nspeed range. The offshore grid then becomes very much different\nfrom the conventional power system grid, in the sense that it is\nconnected to power electronic converters only. A model of the\nwind power plant with VSC-HVDC connection is developed in\nPSCAD for time-domain dynamic simulation. This paper\npresents the modelling and simulation of such a system. A single\nline to ground fault has been simulated and fault currents for the\ngrounded and ungrounded offshore grid system is obtained\nthrough simulation and then compared.
The Impact of Driving Force on Electron Transfer Rates in Photovoltaic Donor–Acceptor Blends (2015)

The effect of acceptor energy level on electron transfer rate in blends of the polymer solar-cell material poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7) is studied using time-resolved fluorescence. Fast electron transfer in less than 2 ps is observed for a driving force between 0.2 and 0.6 eV and the electron transfer is slower outside this range. This dependence is described by Marcus theory with a reorganization energy of ≈0.4 eV.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Ro 41–3696, a Novel Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotic (1995)

This report describes the first evaluation in humans of Ro 41-3696. Based on its preclinical profile, Ro 41-3696, a nonbenzodiazepine partial agonist at the benzodiazepine receptor, offers promising perspectives as an innovative hypnotic drug in that it does not exhibit most of the disadvantages associated with full agonists. Single oral doses of 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10, and 30 mg were administered sequentially to six groups of six healthy male volunteers in a placebo-controlled, double-blind design. Tolerability was assessed and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic measurements were conducted during a period of 28 hours after drug intake. Ro 41-3696 was well tolerated at all doses, causing no clinically relevant changes in vital signs or laboratory parameters. At doses of 10 and 30 mg there were signs of unsteady gait, indicating a central nervous system depressant effect. Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed that Ro 41-3696 was absorbed and eliminated rapidly (tmax = approximately 1 hour; t1/2 = approximately 4 hours). At all times plasma levels of Ro 41-3290, the desethylated derivative of Ro 41-3696, were higher than those of the parent drug (tmax and t1/2 values = approximately 2 and 8 hours, respectively). Area under the curve (AUC) data indicated dose-proportional pharmacokinetics for both Ro 41-3696 and Ro 41-3290. Performance in both a tracking and a memory search test was significantly affected by doses of 10 and 30 mg, and long-term memory, as assessed by a word learning and recall test, was slightly impaired at these doses. The results of this study support the initiation of therapeutic efficacy studies with Ro 41-3696 in doses up to approximately 5 mg and further exploration of the characteristics of Ro 41-3290.
Multi-Input, Multi-Output Nonlinear Dynamic Modeling to Identify Biologically-Based Transformations as the "Cognitive Processes" Represented by the Ensemble Coding of Neuron Populations. (2009)

The successful development of neural prostheses requires an understanding of the neurobiological bases of cognitive processes, i.e., how the collective activity of populations of neurons results in a higher-level process not predictable based on knowledge of the individual neurons and/or synapses alone. We have been studying and applying novel methods for representing nonlinear transformations of multiple spike train inputs (multiple time series of pulse train inputs) produced by synaptic and field interactions among multiple subclasses of neurons arrayed in multiple layers of incompletely connected units.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor from microglia: a molecular substrate for neuropathic pain (2011)

One of the most significant advances in pain research is the realization that neurons are not the only cell type involved in the etiology of chronic pain. This realization has caused a radical shift from the previous dogma that neuronal dysfunction alone accounts for pain pathologies to the current framework of thinking that takes into account all cell types within the central nervous system (CNS). This shift in thinking stems from growing evidence that glia can modulate the function and directly shape the cellular architecture of nociceptive networks in the CNS. Microglia, in particular, are increasingly recognized as active principal players that respond to changes in physiological homeostasis by extending their processes toward the site of neural damage, and by releasing specific factors that have profound consequences on neuronal function and that contribute to CNS pathologies caused by disease or injury. A key molecule that modulates microglia activity is ATP, an endogenous ligand of the P2 receptor family. Microglia expresses several P2 receptor subtypes, and of these the P2X4 receptor subtype has emerged as a core microglia-neuron signaling pathway: activation of this receptor drives the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a cellular substrate that causes disinhibition of pain-transmitting spinal lamina I neurons. Converging evidence points to BDNF from spinal microglia as being a critical microglia-neuron signaling molecule that gates aberrant nociceptive processing in the spinal cord. The present review highlights recent advances in our understanding of P2X4 receptor-mediated signaling and regulation of BDNF in microglia, as well as the implications for microglia-neuron interactions in the pathobiology of neuropathic pain.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple Bonds Between Main‐Group Elements and Transition Metals. Part 29. Reductive Carbonylation of High‐Valent Oxorhenium Complexes ‐ a New Route to Low‐Valent Carbonylrhenium Compounds. (1987)

Abstract The Re(V) complexes (I) and (III) (obtained from (VII) and diphenylketene or phenyl isocyanate via the binuclear complex ((C 5 Me 5 )ReO 2 ) 2 ) can be reduced under CO with cleavage of the terminal oxo ligand to give the chiral Re(III) derivatives (II) or (IV).
Development of FGM Monomorph Actuator for Impedance Pump Application (2007)

In the present work, the FGM monomorph actuator was developed and applied in the impedance pump. The actuator was fabricated using electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Two starting materials, pure PZT and doped PZT, were mixed to form four different compositions. The actuator was then fabricated by sequential deposition of the four compositions layer by layer on the substrate and followed by sintering to full density. The actuator shows both piezoelectric property and microstructural gradient across the layers. The actuator is able to achieve a bending displacement of nearly 2 mm at resonant frequency. It has been successfully applied to the impedance pump as the actuating component. The pumping action comes from the periodic compression by the actuator to induce a net flow. Maximum flow was observed at the resonant frequency of the actuator. A flow rate of about 9 ml/min was generated.
Length‐change patterns of the collateral ligaments after total knee arthroplasty (2011)

The collateral ligaments slackened more than normal following TKA, and these length changes were increased by femoral component rotation. External rotation of the femoral component to address patellar tracking may slacken the MCL and thus lead to valgus instability in the flexed knee.
First O-band silicon coherent transmitter with integrated hybrid tunable laser and SOAs (2023)

Scaling data centers to 200 Gbps/lane with direct detection may not provide sufficient link budget for optical switches. Analog coherent detection leverages phase and polarization of optical signals to scale efficiently without requiring digital signal processing and employs integrated lasers to maximize link budgets for optical switches. We report the first O-band silicon photonics coherent transmitter integrated with hybrid semiconductor optical amplifiers and tunable lasers. The laser demonstrated &lt;6 dBm output power with ∼700 kHz linewidths across its 14 nm tuning spectrum. 64 Gbaud QPSK transmission was demonstrated with BER ∼4e-4 and ∼6.6 pJ/bit energy-efficiency when utilizing SiGe BiCMOS drivers.
A 112Gb/S 2.6pJ/b 8-Tap FFE PAM-4 SST TX in 14nm CMOS (2018)

The ongoing demand for higher data rates in wireline and optical communications has led to emerging standards in the 100Gb/s+ regime [1]. Although these standards are still in the definition phase they will rely on multi-level signaling such as PAM-4 along with an increasing amount of digital signal processing. In the foreseeable future, a high-performance TX will consist of a CMOS DSP frontend followed by a high sampling rate data converter [2,3], whose design remains a significant challenge. This paper presents a 112Gb/s PAM-4 SST Tx that is based on a quarter-rate 56GS/s 8b SST DAC along with a digital 8-tap FIR filter for channel equalization.
Nanostructured Cobalt(II) Tetracarboxyphthalocyanine Complex Supported Within the MWCNT Frameworks: Electron Transport and Charge Storage Capabilities (2015)

Abstract The electrochemical redox properties of a surface‐confined thin solid film of nanostructured cobalt(II) tetracarboxyphthalocyanine integrated with multiwalled carbon nanotube (nanoCoTCPc/MWCNT) have been investigated. This novel nanoCoTCPc/MWCNT material was characterized using SEM, TEM, zeta analysis and electrochemical methods. The nanoCoTCPc/MWCNT nanohybrid material exhibited an extra‐ordinarily high conductivity (15 mS cm −1 ), which is more than an order of magnitude greater than that of the MWCNT‐SO 3 H (527 µS cm −1 ) and three orders of a magnitude greater than the nanoCoTCPc (4.33 µS cm −1 ). The heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant decreases as follows: nanoCoTCPc/MWCNT ( k app ≈19.73×10 −3 cm s −1 )&gt;MWCNT‐SO 3 H ( k app ≈11.63×10 −3 cm s −1 )&gt;nanoCoTCPc ( k app ≈1.09×10 −3 cm s −1 ). The energy‐storage capability was typical of pseudocapacitive behaviour; at a current density of 10 µA cm −2 , the pseudocapacitance decreases as nanoCoTCPc/MWCNT (3.71×10 −4 F cm −2 )&gt;nanoCoTCPc (2.57×10 −4 F cm −2 )&gt;MWCNT‐SO 3 H (2.28×10 −4 F cm −2 ). The new nanoCoTCPc/MWCNT nanohybrid material promises to serve as a potential material for the fabrication of thin film electrocatalysts or energy‐storage devices.