gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal Hydroxides from Electroplating: Sludge Characterization and Metal Recovery. (1979)

Abstract : The purpose of this project was to investigate the precipitation of metals from plating facilities, to determine the dewatering characteristics of the resultant metal hydroxide slurries and to evaluate the solvent extraction process for metal recovery and reuse. Individual metals were found to precipitate according to the theoretical solubility calculations, however, mixed metals solutions containing Cr (III) often would form 'co-precipitants.' The co-precipitation would result in certain metals precipitating at pH levels below the range of predicted insolubility. Colloidal metal hydroxides remaining after settling could be removed by filtration using either a gravity filter or diatomaceous precoat pressure filter. Metal removal was effective (95%) but the filtrate metal concentrations were not sufficiently low to meet effluent requirements. Sludges produced by hydroxide precipitation varied depending upon the pH of precipitation and the specific metals in the sludge. Sludge dewatering characteristics were found to be determined by the mean particle size of the flocs. Polymers improved dewatering rates by increasing the mean floc size. Freshly precipitated chronium hydroxide sludges were found to pass through filtering media because of floc break-up. Polymer conditioning was necessary to prevent sludge penetration through the filter media. Solvent extraction could be used to selectively extract individual metals from a mixed metal sludge but the process was not economical. (Author)
An algebraic characterization of $k$--colorability (2020)

We characterize $k$--colorability of a simplicial graph via the intrinsic algebraic structure of the associated right-angled Artin group. As a consequence, we show that a certain problem about the existence of homomorphisms from right-angled Artin groups to products of free groups is NP--complete.
Design and evaluation of potent peptide‐mimetic PAR1 antagonists (2003)

Abstract The serine protease α‐thrombin is a powerful mediator of cellular responses, not only playing a key regulatory role in the maintenance of normal hemostasis, but also contributing more broadly to a range of physiological and potentially pathological conditions. Most of the cellular actions attributed to α‐thrombin have been linked to the activation of a family of seven‐transmembrane G‐protein‐coupled protease‐activated receptors, termed PARs. Of the four family members identified, PAR 1 has received recognition as the most significant receptor for mediating thrombin's cellular actions. Thus, the development of a potent, selective antagonist of PAR 1 would be an important and essential tool to probe the physiological and potential pathological roles of PAR 1 . In this review, we provide a synopsis of our de novo design approach to the discovery of selective PAR 1 antagonists, exemplified by RWJ‐58259, along with the in vitro and in vivo studies performed to demonstrate the important role of this receptor in thrombosis and vascular injury. RWJ‐58259 demonstrated antithrombotic activity in a model of vascular injury‐induced thrombosis in cynomolgus monkeys and prevented neointimal proliferation in a rat balloon angioplasty model. These seminal studies clearly lay the groundwork for more detailed preclinical in vivo studies and ultimately, advancing PAR 1 antagonists into human clinical studies. Expanded chemical synthetic efforts and other novel technologies targeted to PAR 1 and its intracellular signaling pathways are already on the horizon in an effort to further modulate thrombin's biological actions. Drug Dev. Res. 59:355–366, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BudgetedSVM: a toolbox for scalable SVM approximations (2013)

We present BudgetedSVM, an open-source C++ toolbox comprising highly-optimized implemen-tations of recently proposed algorithms for scalable training of Support Vector Machine (SVM) ap-proximators: Adaptive Multi-hyperplane Machines, Low-rank Linearization SVM, and Budgeted Stochastic Gradient Descent. BudgetedSVM trains models with accuracy comparable to LibSVM in time comparable to LibLinear, solving non-linear problems with millions of high-dimensional examples within minutes on a regular computer. We provide command-line and Matlab interfaces to BudgetedSVM, an efficient API for handling large-scale, high-dimensional data sets, as well as detailed documentation to help developers use and further extend the toolbox.
Supplementary Figure 2 from <i>JAK3</i> Variant, Immune Signatures, DNA Methylation, and Social Determinants Linked to Survival Racial Disparities in Head and Neck Cancer Patients (2023)

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Dynamic RACH preamble allocation scheme (2015)

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication is used for automated data transmission and measurement between remote electronic devices. Every device that can use M2M communication will become a significant component of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data. And there are many different applications of M2M communication (e.g., fleet management, smart metering, smart grid, and home/factory/city automation). Machine-Type-Communication (MTC) is a new service defined by the 3GPP to enable M2M devices to communicate with each other over LTE-Advanced cellular networks. Since the number of M2M devices can be fairly large compared to the H2H devices, current RACH procedure may cause a QoS degradation of H2H devices. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic RACH preamble allocation scheme that can adjust the range of available RACH preamble according to network condition dynamically. The dynamic RACH preamble allocation scheme can be an efficient solution that can alleviate the overload problem.
Neoadjuvant Intravenous Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Therapy Promotes Anticancer Immunity in Patients (2022)

Improving the chances of curing patients with cancer who have had surgery to remove metastatic sites of disease is a priority area for cancer research. Pexa-Vec (Pexastimogene Devacirepvec; JX-594, TG6006) is a principally immunotherapeutic oncolytic virus that has reached late-phase clinical trials. We report the results of a single-center, nonrandomized biological end point study (trial registration: EudraCT number 2012-000704-15), which builds on the success of the presurgical intravenous delivery of oncolytic viruses to tumors. Nine patients with either colorectal cancer liver metastases or metastatic melanoma were treated with a single intravenous infusion of Pexa-Vec ahead of planned surgical resection of the metastases. Grade 3 and 4 Pexa-Vec-associated side effects were lymphopaenia and neutropaenia. Pexa-Vec was peripherally carried in plasma and was not associated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Upon surgical resection, Pexa-Vec was found in the majority of analyzed tumors. Pexa-Vec therapy associated with IFNα secretion, chemokine induction, and resulted in transient innate and long-lived adaptive anticancer immunity. In the 2 patients with significant and complete tumor necrosis, a reduction in the peripheral T-cell receptor diversity was observed at the time of surgery. These results support the development of presurgical oncolytic vaccinia virus-based therapies to stimulate anticancer immunity and increase the chances to cure patients with cancer.
Translational research on Barrett's esophagus (2014)

The following, from the 12th OESO World Conference: Cancers of the Esophagus, includes commentaries on translational research on Barrett's esophagus that address evidence for genetic instability in esophageal cancer; the role of microsatellite instability; the use of histologic and serum Doublecortin-like kinase 1 expression for progression of Barrett's esophagus to adenocarcinoma; the oxidative stress in Barrett's tumorigenesis; the genomic alterations in esophageal cancer; in vivo modeling in Barrett's esophagus; epigenetic and transcriptional regulation in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma; and normal and disordered regeneration in Barrett's esophagus.
Toolkit Development for Cyanogenic and Gold Biorecovery Chassis Chromobacterium violaceum (2020)

<i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i> has been of interest recently due to its cyanogenic ability and its potential role in environmental sustainability <i>via</i> the biorecovery of gold from electronic waste. However, as with many nonmodel bacteria, there are limited genetic tools to implement the use of this Gram-negative chassis in synthetic biology. We propose a system that involves assaying spontaneous antibiotic resistances and using broad host range vectors to develop episomal vectors for nonmodel Gram-negative bacteria. These developed vectors can subsequently be used to characterize inducible promoters for gene expressions and implementing CRISPRi to inhibit endogenous gene expression for further studies. Here, we developed the first episomal genetic toolkit for <i>C. violaceum</i> consisting of two origins of replication, three antibiotic resistance genes, and four inducible promoter systems. We examined the occurrences of spontaneous resistances of the bacterium to the chosen selection markers to prevent incidences of false positives. We also tested broad host range vectors from four different incompatibility groups and characterized four inducible promoter systems, which potentially can be applied in other Gram-negative nonmodel bacteria. CRISPRi was also implemented to inhibit violacein pigment production in <i>C. violaceum</i>. This systematic toolkit will aid future genetic circuitry building in this chassis and other nonmodel bacteria for synthetic biology and biotechnological applications.
Phase-change-memory-based storage elements for configurable logic (2010)

Back-end-of-line non-volatile resistive memories like Phase Change Memories (PCMs) are promising to solve memory issues in different architectures. In this paper, we investigate the usage of PCM to build an elementary configuration memory node for reconfigurable logic, such as Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). We propose an elementary circuit realized by 2 resistive memories and 1 programming transistor able to store a configuration voltage. We investigate the proposed node in terms of area and write time and we assess its impact on complex circuits. We show that the elementary memory node yields an improvement in area and write time of 1.5x and 16x respectively vs. a regular Flash implementation. Implemented in FPGAs, the memory node yields a delay reduction up to 51%, thanks to the reduction of dimensions and low on-resistance of PCMs.
Multiple Sublineages of Influenza A Virus (H5N1), Vietnam, 2005−2007 (2008)

Phylogenetic analysis of influenza subtype H5N1 viruses isolated from Vietnam during 2005-2007 shows that multiple sublineages are present in Vietnam. Clade 2.3.4 viruses have replaced clade 1 viruses in northern Vietnam, and clade 1 viruses have been detected in southern Vietnam. Reassortment between these 2 sublineages has also occurred.
The effect of interferon beta-1b treatment on MRI measures of cerebral atrophy in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (2000)

The recently completed European trial of interferon beta-1b (IFNbeta-1b) in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SP multiple sclerosis) has given an opportunity to assess the impact of treatment on cerebral atrophy using serial MRI. Unenhanced T(1)-weighted brain imaging was acquired in a subgroup of 95 patients from five of the European centres; imaging was performed at 6-month intervals from month 0 to month 36. A blinded observer measured cerebral volume on four contiguous 5 mm cerebral hemisphere slices at each time point, using an algorithm with a high level of reproducibility and automation. There was a significant and progressive reduction in cerebral volume in both placebo and treated groups, with a mean reduction of 3.9 and 2.9%, respectively, by month 36 (P = 0.34 between groups). Exploratory subgroup analyses indicated that patients without gadolinium (Gd) enhancement at the baseline had a greater reduction of cerebral volume in the placebo group (mean reduction at month 36: placebo 5.1%, IFNbeta-1b 1.8%, P < 0.05) whereas those with Gd-enhancing lesions showed a trend to greater reduction of cerebral volume if the patient was on IFNbeta-1b (placebo 2.6%, IFNbeta-1b 3.7%; P > 0.05). These results are consistent with ongoing tissue loss in both arms of this study of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. This finding is concordant with previous observations that disease progression, although delayed, is not halted by IFNbeta. The different pattern seen in patients with and without baseline gadolinium enhancement suggests that part of the cerebral volume reduction observed in IFNbeta-treated patients may be due to the anti-inflammatory/antioedematous effect of the drug. Longer periods of observation and larger groups of patients may be needed to detect the effects of treatment on cerebral atrophy in this population of patients with advanced disease.
‘Time and Time Again’: Oscillatory and Longitudinal Time Patterns in Dialysis Patients (2012)

Oscillatory and longitudinal time patterns play a major role in human physiology. In chronic hemodialysis patients, abnormalities in both time patterns have been observed, while time patterns can also influence the response of patients to the treatment. Abnormal oscillatory patterns have been observed for ultradian rhythms (cycle time <20 h), such as an impaired heart rate variability and circadian rhythms, as reflected by reduced day-night blood pressure differences. Conversely, the circadian rhythm of body temperature may influence the hemodynamic tolerance to the dialysis treatment. With regard to infradian (cycle time >28 h) rhythms, large seasonal differences in mortality, but also in blood pressure and interdialytic weight gain, have been observed in dialysis patients. The most important longitudinal pattern is the general reduction of life span in dialysis patients. One explanation of this phenomenon relates to the concept of accelerated aging in dialysis patients, for which there are various supportive arguments. From a phenomenological point of view, this concept translates into the high prevalence of frailty, even in young dialysis patients. A multidimensional approach appears necessary to adequately address this problem. In this review, the relevance of disturbed time patterns in dialysis patients is discussed. The changes may reflect an impairment or reduction in homeostatic/homeodynamic control in dialysis patients and also may have important prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Effects of post‐annealing on (110) Cu2O epitaxial films and origin of low mobility in Cu2O thin‐film transistor (2009)

Abstract We grew epitaxial (110) Cu 2 O films on (110) MgO substrates toward high‐mobility p ‐channel oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The (110) Cu 2 O films exhibited high Hall mobilities ∼90 cm 2 (Vs) −1 comparable to those of high‐quality single‐crystals, which were obtained in a narrow growth condition for 650 nm‐thick films. TFTs using the epitaxial (110) Cu 2 O channels exhibited p ‐channel operation, but the field‐effect mobilities and the on‐to‐off drain current ratio were far from satisfaction (∼0.04 cm 2 (Vs) −1 and ∼2, respectively). In order to investigate the origin of the poor mobility, the films were subjected to post‐deposition annealing under various oxygen partial pressures ( P O2−A = 0.65–10 −3 Pa). Optical measurements revealed that subgap states exist in all the films and their amounts were increased by post‐deposition annealing irrespective of P O2−A . The subgap density of states estimated by the optical analyses are consistent roughly with that estimated from the TFT mobility.
A Concise Silylamine Approach to 2-Amino-3-hydroxy-indoles with Potent in vivo Antimalaria Activity (2010)

The development of a concise strategy to access 2-amino-3-hydroxy-indoles, which are disclosed as novel antimalarials with potent in vivo activity, is reported. Starting from isatins the target compounds are synthesized in 2 steps and in good yields via oxoindole intermediates by employing tert-butyldimethylsilyl amine (TBDMSNH(2)) as previously unexplored ammonia equivalent.
Impaired Tubular Uptake Explains Albuminuria in Early Diabetic Nephropathy (2008)

Understanding the pathogenesis of albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy is important to improve methods for early diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we addressed whether albuminuria in diabetes results from altered glomerular filtration and/or altered processing of filtered albumin by the proximal tubule. Type 1 diabetic Munich Wistar rats developed albuminuria after 12 wk of diabetes. Intravital two-photon microscopy revealed similar glomerular permeability in the diabetic and control animals, assessed using both albumin-Alexa568 and 69-kD FITC-dextran; however, diabetic animals demonstrated significantly less filtered fluorescent albumin in renal proximal tubule (PT) cells compared with control animals. We also observed increased albumin-derived urinary peptide excretion in diabetic animals, and hyperglycemia modulated this peptideuria. In conclusion, in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy, the PT plays a major role in the development of albuminuria, which may be preceded by peptideuria.
Isolevuglandins and Mitochondrial Enzymes in the Retina (2011)

We report the first peptide mapping and sequencing of an in vivo isolevuglandin-modified protein. Mitochondrial cytochrome P450 27A1 (CYP27A1) is a ubiquitous multifunctional sterol C27-hydroxylase that eliminates cholesterol and likely 7-ketocholesterol from the retina and many other tissues. We investigated the post-translational modification of this protein with isolevuglandins, arachidonate oxidation products. Treatment of purified recombinant CYP27A1 with authentic iso[4]levuglandin E(2) (iso[4]LGE(2)) in vitro diminished enzyme activity in a time- and phospholipid-dependent manner. A multiple reaction monitoring protocol was then developed to identify the sites and extent of iso[4]LGE(2) adduction. CYP27A1 exhibited only three Lys residues, Lys(134), Lys(358), and Lys(476), that readily interact with iso[4]LGE(2) in vitro. Such selective modification enabled the generation of an internal standard, (15)N-labeled CYP27A1 modified with iso[4]LGE(2), for the subsequent analysis of a human retinal sample. Two multiple reaction monitoring transitions arising from the peptide AVLK(358)(-C(20)H(26)O(3))ETLR in the retinal sample were observed that co-eluted with the corresponding two (15)N transitions from the supplemented standard. These data demonstrate that modified CYP27A1 is present in the retina. We suggest that such protein modification impairs sterol elimination and likely has other pathological sequelae. We also propose that the post-translational modifications identified in CYP27A1 exemplify a general mechanism whereby oxidative stress and inflammation deleteriously affect protein function, contributing, for example, to cholesterol-rich lesions associated with age-related macular degeneration and cardiovascular disease. The proteomic protocols developed in this study are generally applicable to characterization of lipid-derived oxidative protein modifications occurring in vivo, including proteins bound to membranes.
Aza‐Bicyclic Amino Acid Sulfonamides as α4β1/α4β7 Integrin Antagonists. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multispectral image segmentation using a multiscale model (1992)

A new approach to Bayesian image segmentation based on a novel multiscale random field (MSRF) and a new estimation approach called sequential maximum a posteriori estimation are presented. Together, the proposed estimator and model result in a segmentation algorithm which is not iterative and can be computed in time proportional to MN where M is the number of classes and N is the number of pixels. A method for estimating the parameters of the multiscale model directly from the image during the segmentation process is developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tailoring the d-Band Center of Double-Perovskite LaCoxNi1–xO3 Nanorods for High Activity in Artificial N2 Fixation (2021)

The d-band center of a catalyst can be applied for the prediction of its catalytic activity, but the application of d-band theory for the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) has rarely been studied in perovskite materials. In this work, a series of double-perovskite LaCo<i><sub>x</sub></i>Ni<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>O<sub>3</sub> (LCNO) nanorods (NRs) were synthesized as models, where the d-band centers can be modulated by changing the stoichiometric ratios between Co and Ni elements. Experimentally, the LCNO-III NRs (<i>x</i> = 0.5) attained the highest faradic efficiency and NH<sub>3</sub> yield rate among various LCNO NRs. This result matches well with the finding from theoretical calculations that LCNO-III has the most positive d-band center (ε<sub>d</sub> = -0.96 eV vs Fermi level), thus confirming that LCNO-III shows the strongest adsorption ability for N<sub>2</sub> molecules (adsorption energy value of -2.01 eV) for the subsequent N<sub>2</sub> activation and reduction reactions. Therefore, this work proposes a general rule to adopt for developing novel catalysts (especially perovskite-based catalysts) for substantially increasing the eNRR activity by modulating the corresponding d-band centers.
Low Complexity H.264 Intra MB Coding (2008)

The H.264 video coding standard is highly efficient and at the same time highly complex. The complexity of encoding is substantially higher than prior standards such as H.263 and makes H.264 video encoding on mobile devices expensive. The few existing encoding solutions on mobile devices restrict the features used there by sacrificing quality for complexity. Fast encoding algorithms are necessary to fully exploit the advanced compression features offered by H.264. In this paper we present a novel machine learning based approach to reducing the complexity of intra MB coding. The results show that machine learning has a great potential and can reduce the complexity substantially with negligible impact on quality. The results show that the proposed method reduces encoding time to about 1/3 of the reference implementation with a negligible loss in quality.
Oxidation/reduction reactions at the metal contact-TlBr interface: an x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study (2014)

TlBr radiation detector operation degrades with time at room temperature and is thought to be due to electromigration of Tl and Br vacancies within the crystal as well as the metal contacts migrating into the TlBr crystal itself due to electrochemical reactions at the metal/TlBr interface. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate the metal contact surface/interfacial structure on TlBr devices. Device-grade TlBr was polished and subjected to a 32% HCl etch to remove surface damage prior to Mo or Pt contact deposition. High-resolution photoemission measurements on the Tl 4f, Br 3d, Cl 2p, Mo 3d and Pt 4f core lines were used to evaluate surface chemistry and non-equilibrium interfacial diffusion. Results indicate that anion substitution at the TlBr surface due to the HCl etch forms TlBr<sub>1-x</sub>Cl<sub>x</sub> with consequent formation of a shallow heterojunction. In addition, a reduction of Tl<sup>1+</sup> to Tl<sup>0</sup> is observed at the metal contacts after device operation in both air and N2 at ambient temperature. Understanding contact/device degradation versus operating environment is useful for improving radiation detector performance.