gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of no catalytical activity of Fe‐N‐C and Nb‐N‐C electrocatalysts toward nitrogen reduction using in‐line quantification (2022)

Abstract Ammonia (NH 3 ) production via the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising method for sustainable generation of this important chemical. Efforts are ongoing in finding an efficient, stable, and selective catalyst that will enable the reaction. However, progress is hindered in the field due to lack of reproducibility, most likely a consequence of reports of false‐positive results due to improper measurement control and methods. In this study, we explore the NRR activity of a promising class of single atom catalysts, transition metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (M‐N‐C) electrocatalysts. Using a state‐of‐the‐art in‐line ammonia quantification methodology, with detection limit as low as 1 ppb for ammonia, we show that single atom Nb and Fe embedded in a stable carbon and nitrogen framework do not electrochemically reduce N 2 to NH 3 . Critically, this demonstrates that our experimental setup with in‐line sequential injection analysis successfully excludes ammonia contamination from the gas supply and atmospheric sources, allowing for thorough and high‐throughput examination of potential NRR catalysts.
Functional Tuning of Nucleic Acids by Chemical Modifications: Tailored Oligonucleotides as Drugs, Devices, and Diagnostics (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Supplementary Table S1 from A Dendritic Cell Vaccine Pulsed with Autologous Hypochlorous Acid-Oxidized Ovarian Cancer Lysate Primes Effective Broad Antitumor Immunity: From Bench to Bedside (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1 - PDF file 191K, Cytokine and chemokine productions from DCs of ovarian cancer subjects that were loaded with HOCl-oxidized autologous whole tumor lysate and matured with LPS and IFN-gamma&lt;/p&gt;
Novel gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists: peptides incorporating modified N.omega.-cyanoguanidino moieties (1991)

In order to minimize the deleterious effects of histamine release resulting from the administration to rats and humans of some potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists, various arginine residues were replaced with the less basic N omega-cyano-N omega-alkyl- or -arylhomoarginine, -arginine, or -p-aminophenylalanine and N omega-triazolyllysine, -ornithine or -p-aminophenylalanine residues in active analogues. These novel analogues were synthesized on a solid-phase support via a two-step modification of the N omega-NH2 of lysine, ornithine, or p-aminophenylalanine residues in otherwise protected resin bound peptides. Most analogues were tested in the rat antiovulatory assay (AOA) and three in vitro assays; a pituitary cell culture assay, a binding assay to pituitary cell membranes, and a histamine release assay. Introduction of the cyanoguanidino and N omega-triazolyl moieties into GnRH analogues yielded several water-soluble antagonists which showed a desirable therapeutic ratio (low histamine release activity to high in vivo potency). Among them, "Azaline" (10, [Ac-DNal1,DCpa2,DPal3,Lys5(atz), DLys6(atz),ILys8,DAla10]GnRH), inhibited ovulation in the rat by 90% at 2 micrograms/rat with an ED50 in the in vitro histamine release assay comparable to that of GnRH itself.
A 16 GB 1024 GB/s HBM3 DRAM With Source-Synchronized Bus Design and On-Die Error Control Scheme for Enhanced RAS Features (2023)

This article proposes practical design techniques to enhance performance and reliability of 1024 GB/s high-bandwidth memory-3 (HBM3). Effective data-bus design methods are applied to transfer data from multi-bank to a data-bus with a sufficient data fetch margin. A symbol-based on-die error-correcting code (OD-ECC) to correct a 16-bit error, bounded by a sub-wordline (WL), and parallelized data-bus inversion (DBI) are implemented. Error check and scrub (ECS) mode and repair capability check (RCC) mode with an internal serial interface are designed to support system reliability, availability, and serviceability (RAS). A memory built-in self-test (MBIST) provides a unified at-speed test with programmability based on test-set units (TUs). A 16 GB HBM3 fabricated in the third generation of the 10 nm class DRAM process achieves a bandwidth up to 1024 GB/s (8 Gb/s/pin) and provides stable operation at a high temperature (e.g., 105 °C) while improving an error detection rate by 92.2%.
Increased mobilization of mesenchymal stem cells in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (2020)

ECMO support in ARDS is specifically associated with an increased number of circulating MSC, most likely due to enhanced mobilization, but not with a higher numbers of EPC or serum concentrations of VEGF and Ang2.
Acceleration-as-a-µService: A Cloud-native Monte-Carlo Option Pricing Engine on CPUs, GPUs and Disaggregated FPGAs (2021)

The evolution of cloud applications into loosely-coupled microservices opens new opportunities for hardware accelerators to improve workload performance. Existing accelerator techniques for cloud sacrifice the consolidation benefits of microservices. This paper presents CloudiFi, a framework to deploy and compare accelerators as a cloud service. We evaluate our framework in the context of a financial workload and present early results indicating up to 485 x gains in microservice response time.
Amyloid fibril in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (HCHWA) is related to the gastroentero-pancreatic neuroendocrine protein, gamma trace. (1983)

Amyloid fibrils were isolated from the leptomeningeal blood vessels obtained at autopsy from three Icelandic patients dying of Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis (HCHWA) and verified by Congo red staining and electron microscopy. Gel filtration on Sephadex and Ultrogel columns yielded predominantly one component (molecular weight 11,500 daltons) and also another minor component (molecular weight 15,800 daltons). Automated amino terminal sequencing showed these proteins to be similar (36 residues) to a recently described human protein, gamma trace, beginning at its eleventh amino terminal residue. The amyloid deposits in all three patients stained with rabbit anti-gamma trace antiserum. Although the function of gamma trace is not known, it appears to have structural homology with several hormones and has been localized to the brain, pancreas and pituitary. The amyloid fibril subunits seem to have polymerized after cleavage of the amino terminal decapeptide from gamma trace-related proteins. Therefore, HCHWA appears to be the first genetically determined disease related to the gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine system.
On the reliability of SiGe microwave power heterojunction bipolar transistor (2002)

Although the performance of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor has been improved much with the development of epitaxy technology, the reliability is a concern for practical application due to its large mismatch. We have carried out accelerated life test on the SiGe microwave power heterojunction bipolar transistor, and found that the performance of the SiGe microwave power HBT does not change after the HBT is addressed at peak junction temperature of 200/spl deg/C for 168 hrs by forward DC bias. This clearly indicates that the SiGe HBT has the same reliability as Si bipolar transistor.
High pressure route to generate magnetic monopole dimers in spin ice (2011)

The gas of magnetic monopoles in spin ice is governed by one key parameter: the monopole chemical potential. A significant variation of this parameter could access hitherto undiscovered magnetic phenomena arising from monopole correlations, as observed in the analogous electrical Coulomb gas, like monopole dimerization, critical phase separation, or charge ordering. However, all known spin ices have values of chemical potential imposed by their structure and chemistry that place them deeply within the weakly correlated regime, where none of these interesting phenomena occur. Here we use high-pressure synthesis to create a new monopole host, Dy(2)Ge(2)O(7), with a radically altered chemical potential that stabilizes a large fraction of monopole dimers. The system is found to be ideally described by the classic Debye-Huckel-Bjerrum theory of charge correlations. We thus show how to tune the monopole chemical potential in spin ice and how to access the diverse collective properties of magnetic monopoles.
Continuous succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes on xylose-enriched hydrolysate (2015)

The results demonstrate that immobilised A. succinogenes has the potential for effective conversion of an industrially relevant, biomass-derived feed stream to succinic acid. Furthermore, due to the attractive yields, productivities and titres achieved in this study, the process has the potential to serve as a means for value-added chemical manufacturing in the integrated biorefinery.
Reaction between N2O and CH4 over Fe ion-exchanged BEA zeolite catalyst: A possible role of nascent oxygen transients from N2O (2003)

The reaction between N2O and CH4 over an Fe ion-exchanged BEA zeolite (Fe-BEA) catalyst was studied by using a pulse reaction technique, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. N2O readily reacted with CH4 in the presence of an N2O + CH4 mixture above 200 °C, while both the O2 + CH4 reaction and the catalytic decomposition of N2O over the Fe-BEA catalyst required higher temperatures (above 400 °C). In the O2-TPD studies, a desorption peak of O2 was observed above 600 °C after O2 treatment at 250 °C, while a new O2 desorption peak appeared at the lower temperatures after N2O treatment at 250 °C. However, the new O(a) species resulting from the N2O treatment hardly reacted with CH4 even at 350 °C, which was confirmed by the CH4-pulsed experiments. On the other hand, a new IR band at 3683 cm−1, which can be assigned to the OH group on Fe ion species, was observed after O2 or N2O treatment. The peak intensity at 3683 cm−1 was not changed in the exposure of CH4 only, but decreased in the exposure of N2O + CH4 mixture above 150 °C. At the same time, the CHxOy(a) species such as Fe–OCH3 were formed, which were observed by IR measurements. The adsorbed surface species showed a high reactivity with N2O even at low temperatures (∼200 °C). A possible mechanism is discussed in terms of active oxygen species such as nascent oxygen transients (O*(a)), which are formed in the exposure of N2O + CH4 mixture, and may play an important role in the activation/oxidation of CH4 at initial steps to form CHxOy(a) species.
Single-Site Homogeneous and Heterogeneized Gold(III) Hydrogenation Catalysts:  Mechanistic Implications (2006)

Au(III)-Schiff base complexes are active hydrogenation catalysts, giving turnover frequencies similar to those of the corresponding complexes of Pd(II), which has the same d8 electronic structure as Au(III). The mechanism of the reaction has been studied in detail by a combination of kinetic experiments and theoretical calculations. It is predicted and tested that the nature of the solvent plays a critical role for the heterolytic cleavage of H2 (controlling step). Taking this into account, and by properly selecting the nature of solid supports (polarity and proton-donating ability), it was possible to strongly increase the activity of the homogeneous Au(III) and Pd(II) catalysts by grafting them onto the surface.
A physical model of the wireless infrared communication channel (2002)

A simple analytical model of the wireless infrared communication channel in indoor environments is presented. The infrared signal is modeled as the combination of a diffuse component and a line-of-sight (LOS) or direct component. For the diffuse component alone, the properties of the channel are found using Ulbricht's integrating sphere. When a LOS component is also present, the transfer function depends upon the Rician factor K given by the ratio of the electrical power in the LOS and diffuse signals after the detector. For small K, the transfer function shows notches down to low frequencies, but due to the nature of light never for zero frequency. We confirm that a K-factor /spl ges/13 dB is required also in infrared wireless links in order to support distortionless data transmission beyond 100 Mbit/s. Increasing the directivity at the receiver and/or at the transmitter improves the effective value of K. Here, we show that a moderate directivity will be sufficient for high-speed infrared communication in typical indoor scenarios.
Introduction (2012)

Just days before he died in January 1950, George Orwell (born Eric Arthur Blair in 1903) penned in his notebook one of the epigrams that typified his stylistic talents: “After 50, everyone has the face he deserves.” Unfortunately, he never lived to fifty. He died at age forty-six, on the threshold of becoming “a famous author,” his boyhood dream. In the years since his death his fame has only grown.
Methylene blue photodynamic therapy to sterilize deep tissue abscess cavities: a phase 1 trial in progress and simulation study (2021)

Despite advances in image-guided percutaneous drainage, deep tissue abscesses remain a serious cause of morbidity, mortality, and hospital stay. We initiated a Phase 1 clinical trial exploring safety and feasibility of methylene blue (MB) photodynamic therapy during drainage. Five subjects have been treated, with no study-related adverse events and high technical success. Monte Carlo simulations were used to examine effects of optical properties on delivered light dose. We found that light dose is highly dependent upon MB uptake and Intralipid concentration. These results motivated construction of an optical spectroscopy system for determination of abscess wall optical properties in vivo.
Overview of the System and Upper Layers of DVB-NGH (2013)

Contents 16.1 Introduction .............................................................................................462 16.2 DVB-NGH Physical Layer Background .................................................. 46616.2.1 DVB-NGH Physical Layer Signaling........................................... 466 16.2.2 DVB-NGH Physical Layer Adaptation .........................................467
Adipogenic activity produced by hepatocyte‐derived cell lines and by normal hepatocytes in primary culture (1991)

Culture media conditioned by several hepatocyte derived cell lines were analyzed for their ability to stimulate adipose differentiation of the adipogenic cell line 1246. The results presented here show that culture media from HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines contain a high level of the activity, whereas media from hepatoma and hepato adenocarcinoma cell lines Huh-7, PLC/PRF/5, and SK-Hep-1 do not contain adipogenic activity. Conditioned medium from HepG2 cells also stimulated differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and of rat epididymal adipocyte precursors in primary culture. Partial biochemical characterization of the adipogenic activity carried out using HepG2 conditioned medium indicates that the hepatocyte derived adipogenic factor has an apparent molecular weight between 445 and 232 kDa, is destroyed by treatment at 100 degrees C, with protease, with 2-mercaptoethanol and in acidic conditions. The activity is stable at alkaline pH. Culture media conditioned by normal rat hepatocytes in primary culture also contained adipogenic activity. In contrast, medium conditioned by primary culture of nonhepatocyte cell also isolated from liver was deprived of this activity. The data presented in this paper suggest that hepatocytes could be a physiological site of production of adipogenic activity.
Slow Synthesis Methodology‐Directed Immiscible Octahedral PdxRh1−x Dual‐Atom‐Site Catalysts for Superior Three‐Way Catalytic Activities over Rh (2022)

Abstract This study provided an effective strategy to construct dual‐atom sites by solid–solution alloying. A slow synthesis methodology was established for the solid–solution preparations as dual‐atom‐site catalysts. The atomic‐level homogeneous Pd x Rh 1− x dual‐atom‐site catalysts were successfully synthesized over the whole composition range, as evidenced by X‐ray powder diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscope energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy mapping measurements. The challenging morphology formation in the immiscible alloys was achieved by an energy‐controlling process as the octahedral Rh‐rich alloys. The Pd 0.3 Rh 0.7 dual‐atom‐site catalyst had unique surface states to activate the key reactants of CO and NO in the complex three‐way catalytic reactions, and it performed significantly better than pure Rh.
Bedaquiline and Pyrazinamide Treatment Responses Are Affected by Pulmonary Lesion Heterogeneity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infected C3HeB/FeJ Mice (2016)

BALB/c and Swiss mice are routinely used to validate the effectiveness of tuberculosis drug regimens, although these mouse strains fail to develop human-like pulmonary granulomas exhibiting caseous necrosis. Microenvironmental conditions within human granulomas may negatively impact drug efficacy, and this may not be reflected in non-necrotizing lesions found within conventional mouse models. The C3HeB/FeJ mouse model has been increasingly utilized as it develops hypoxic, caseous necrotic granulomas which may more closely mimic the pathophysiological conditions found within human pulmonary granulomas. Here, we examined the treatment response of BALB/c and C3HeB/FeJ mice to bedaquiline (BDQ) and pyrazinamide (PZA) administered singly and in combination. BALB/c mice consistently displayed a highly uniform treatment response to both drugs, while C3HeB/FeJ mice displayed a bimodal response composed of responsive and less-responsive mice. Plasma pharmacokinetic analysis of dissected lesions from BALB/c and C3HeB/FeJ mice revealed that PZA penetrated lesion types from both mouse strains with similar efficiency. However, the pH of the necrotic caseum of C3HeB/FeJ granulomas was determined to be 7.5, which is in the range where PZA is essentially ineffective under standard laboratory in vitro growth conditions. BDQ preferentially accumulated within the highly cellular regions in the lungs of both mouse strains, although it was present at reduced but still biologically relevant concentrations within the central caseum when dosed at 25 mg/kg. The differential treatment response which resulted from the heterogeneous pulmonary pathology in the C3HeB/FeJ mouse model revealed several factors which may impact treatment efficacy, and could be further evaluated in clinical trials.
Filament Wound Kevlar 49/Epoxy Rocket Motor Cases (1979)

Two high-performance rocket motor cases were recently fabricated at SCI by filament winding with Kevlar-49. The work was done under the validation phase of the Air Force's IUS (Inertial Upper Stage) and IPSM (Improved Performance Space Motor) Programs.
Nanoparticulate Strategies for The Five R‘S of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Intervention: Restriction, Repair, Regeneration, Restoration and Reorganization (2014)

Nanomedicinal approaches for spinal cord injury (SCI) intervention encompasses the use of nanoscale materials and devices that prevent primary to secondary injury transition and improvement in the anatomical, physiological and functional outcomes of SCI. This review provides an incursion into the advances in nanoparticle-based neurotherapeutics for SCI and focuses on neuroactive-loaded nanoparticles for localized delivery of therapeutic factors to the severed spinal cord, targeted or nontargeted systemic drug delivery and nanoenclatherated neuroscaffolds. Special emphasis has been placed on the use of metal nanoparticles and functionalized structures as 'drug-free' interventions in SCI. Despite the immense advancements in nanoscience, nanointerventions still pose key challenges that need to be resolved in SCI. Several combinatorial strategies are proposed for the reconstruction of spinal architecture via restriction of the secondary injury cascade, reparation of the tethered neural architecture, regeneration of axons, restoration of biochemical functions and reorganization of the topographical and cortical networks of the spinal cord.
Symmetry breaking induced optical properties of gold open shell nanostructures (2009)

We use the finite difference time domain method to predict how optical plasmon properties are modified if the symmetrical geometry of gold shell nanostructures is broken. The simulations include three kinds of gold open shell nanostructures of nanobowls, open nanocages, and open eggshells. For all structures, the optical extinction spectra commonly display a distinct red shift when the full shell geometry is broken and a hyperbola-like dipolar plasmonic shift when the fractional height continuously decreases. The optical transitions of gold open shell nanostructures are explained by the plasmon hybridization theory combined with numerical calculations. Furthermore, the calculations exhibit that the local electric fields are strongly enhanced at the edges of the open nanoapertures on those symmetry-broken structures, which suggests a potential application in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
A distributed algorithm for multiple intersections adaptive traffic lights control using a wireless sensor networks (2012)

In this article, we detail and evaluate a distributed algorithm that defines the green lights sequence and duration in a multi-intersection intelligent transportation system (ITS). We expose the architecture of a wireless network of sensors deployed at intersections, which takes local decisions without the help of a central entity. We define an adaptive algorithm, called TAPIOCA (distribuTed and AdaPtive IntersectiOns Control Algorithm), that uses data collected by this sensor network to decide dynamically of the green light sequences, considering three objectives: (i) reducing the users average waiting time while limiting the starvation probability; (ii) selecting in priority the movements that have the best load discharge potential and (iii) synchronizing successive lights, for example to create green waves. Simulation results performed with the SUMO simulator show that TAPIOCA achieves a low average waiting time of vehicles and reacts quickly to traffic load increases, compared to other dynamic strategies and to pre-determined schedules.
Estimation of Thermal Shock Fracture Toughness of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (1998)

An infrared radiation heating method was proposed previously as a new technique for estimating thermal shock strength and thermal shock fracture toughness of ceramics using a thin-circular disk with or without an edge crack, heated by infrared rays at the center with a constant heat flux. In this paper, thermal shock fracture toughness was measured by the above method in four kinds of silicon nitride. Temperature distributions, thermal stresses and stress intensity factors for the specimens were also analyzed considering the temperature dependent thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and thermal expansion of the materials. The experimental results show that the highest value of thermal shock fracture toughness was observed in the material having the higher thermal conductivity, which was developed by growing the grains and decreasing the amount of the grain boundary phase.