gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Four‐year results of a minimally invasive transscleral glaucoma gel stent implantation in a prospective multi‐centre study (2018)

The XEN-GGM resulted in lower IOP and a reduction in medications from baseline over 4 years of follow-up. There was no detectable decrease in visual fields over the study. The surgical failure rate is comparable to other filtration surgeries.
Urban Rhapsody: Large‐scale exploration of urban soundscapes (2022)

Abstract Noise is one of the primary quality‐of‐life issues in urban environments. In addition to annoyance, noise negatively impacts public health and educational performance. While low‐cost sensors can be deployed to monitor ambient noise levels at high temporal resolutions, the amount of data they produce and the complexity of these data pose significant analytical challenges. One way to address these challenges is through machine listening techniques, which are used to extract features in attempts to classify the source of noise and understand temporal patterns of a city's noise situation. However, the overwhelming number of noise sources in the urban environment and the scarcity of labeled data makes it nearly impossible to create classification models with large enough vocabularies that capture the true dynamism of urban soundscapes. In this paper, we first identify a set of requirements in the yet unexplored domain of urban soundscape exploration. To satisfy the requirements and tackle the identified challenges, we propose Urban Rhapsody, a framework that combines state‐of‐the‐art audio representation, machine learning and visual analytics to allow users to interactively create classification models, understand noise patterns of a city, and quickly retrieve and label audio excerpts in order to create a large high‐precision annotated database of urban sound recordings. We demonstrate the tool's utility through case studies performed by domain experts using data generated over the five‐year deployment of a one‐of‐a‐kind sensor network in New York City.
Transmission electron microscopy analysis of mechanical polishing-related damage in silicon carbide wafers (2006)

The subsurface damage generated by mechanical polishing of silicon carbide wafers was investigated and quantified by plan view transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Damage generated during polishing using diamond abrasives with 0.5 µm particle size consists of dislocation loops with length up to 400 nm from the scratches. The total dislocation density was estimated at 5 × 1010 dislocations cm−2. TEM analysis of the Burgers vectors indicates that the initial perfect dislocations have a Burgers vector of b = a/3 ⟨11–20⟩-type with many dislocation dissociated into two partials with b = a/3 ⟨1–100⟩. The depth of damage was estimated to be up to 50 nm. 4H–SiC homoepitaxial layers grown on mechanically polished substrates without further surface treatment exhibit threading dislocation density along scratches in the order of 105 cm−1.
Resonance transition 795-nm rubidium laser (2003)

Population inversion of the 2P 1/2 and 2S 1/2 levels and continuous-wave, three-level laser oscillation at 795 nm on the D1 transition of the rubidium atom has been demonstrated. Using a titanium sapphire laser as a pump source, we obtained a slope power efficiency of 54% relative to absorbed pump power, consistent with homogeneous broadening of the rubidium pump and laser transitions. The end-pumped rubidium laser performance was well described by use of literature spectroscopic and kinetic data in a model that takes into account ground-level depletion and a pump spectral bandwidth that is substantially larger than the collisionally broadened pump transition spectral width.
Archaeal DNA replication and repair: new genetic, biophysical and molecular tools for discovering and characterizing enzymes, pathways and mechanisms (2018)

DNA replication and repair are essential biological processes needed for the survival of all organisms. Although these processes are fundamentally conserved in the three domains, archaea, bacteria and eukarya, the proteins and complexes involved differ. The genetic and biophysical tools developed for archaea in the last several years have accelerated the study of DNA replication and repair in this domain. In this review, the current knowledge of DNA replication and repair processes in archaea will be summarized, with emphasis on the contribution of genetics and other recently developed biophysical and molecular tools, including capillary gel electrophoresis, next-generation sequencing and single-molecule approaches. How these new tools will continue to drive archaeal DNA replication and repair research will also be discussed.
Die Expressionshöhe verschiedener Proteine des TRAIL-Signalweges korreliert mit dem Malignitätsgrad des hepatozellulären Karzinoms (2007)

TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) induziert tumorspezifische Apoptose durch die Aktivierung der Rezeptoren TRAIL-R1 und TRAIL-R2. TRAIL-R3 und TRAIL-R4 besitzen keine bzw. eine verkürzte zytoplasmatische Todesdomäne und weisen anti-apoptotische Eigenschaften auf. Die tumorizide Wirkung von TRAIL-R1/TRAIL-R2-Agonisten wird gegenwärtig in klinischen Studien untersucht. Während beim kolorektalen Karzinom die Expression von TRAIL-R1 mit einem längeren Patientenüberleben assoziiert ist, fehlen derartige Daten für das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC). Um die Expressionsmuster der TRAIL-Rezeptoren und deren prognostische und potentielle therapeutische Bedeutung für das hepatozelluläre Karzinom zu bestimmen, führten wir eine immunhistochemische Untersuchung an Tumorproben von 157 HCC-Patienten durch. Die Expressionsprofile von TRAIL-R1 bis TRAIL-R4, Caspase-8, cFLIP und Bcl-XL wurden auf eine Korrelation mit dem Differenzierungsgrad des Tumors (Grading) untersucht. Die Expressionshöhe von TRAIL-R1 und cFLIP korrelierte mit einem höheren Differenzierungsgrad, während TRAIL-R4 und die nukleäre Expression von Caspase-8 mit einem höheren Malignitätsgrad assoziiert waren. Die zytoplasmatische Expression von Caspase-8 sowie von Bcl-XL zeigten hingegen keine Korrelation mit dem Malignitätsgrad. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie können zur histopathologischen Identifikation hochmaligner hepatozellulärer Karzinome und zur Selektion geeigneter Patienten für eine zukünftige TRAIL-basierte Therapie beitragen.
Silencing of S100A4, a metastasis-associated protein, in endothelial cells inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth (2013)

Endothelial cells express S100A4, a metastasis-associated protein, but its role in angiogenesis remains to be elucidated. Here we show that knockdown of S100A4 in mouse endothelial MSS31 cells by murine specific small interference RNA (mS100A4 siRNA) markedly suppressed capillary-like tube formation in vitro, in early stage after the treatment, along with down- and up-regulation of some of the pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic gene expression, respectively. Of particular note is that intra-tumor administration of the mS100A4 siRNA in a human prostate cancer xenograft significantly reduced tumor vascularity and resulted in the inhibition of tumor growth. These findings show that S100A4 in endothelial cells is involved in tube formation, and suggest its potential as a molecular target for inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, which warrants further development of endothelial S100A4-based strategies for cancer treatment.
- Encapsulation of flavors, nutraceuticals, and antibacterials (2011)

Edible coatings provide a physical barrier against mass transport from the environment to food and from food to the environment, as shown in the previous chapters, and if these barrier properties are important for food passive protection. Consumers ask nowadays for better food safety and for higher nutritional and ¤avor properties. In recent years, active packaging has been developed to extend food shelf life by increasing coatings’ positive effect. For example, more activity can be provided to edible coatings by adding active compounds, such as ¤avors, antibacterials, or nutraceuticals. Active compounds can be incorporated directly in the edible polymer matrix or can be encapsulated to better protect their activity and properties. The Eastern countries are the most advanced in this particular domain, North America follows, and Europe is now developing more and more active material solutions.
Evaluation of the potential for pharmacokinetic interaction between tirabrutinib and levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol in healthy female volunteers (2022)

Tirabrutinib (TIRA), a potent and nonreversible oral Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is evaluated for treatment of certain hematological malignancies and inflammatory diseases. A drug-drug interaction study to evaluate the effect of TIRA on the pharmacokinetics of the oral contraceptive levonorgestrel (LEVO)/ethinyl estradiol (EE) was conducted in healthy female participants (N = 26). Participants received a single dose of LEVO (150 mcg)/EE (30 mcg) alone (reference), and on day 12 of a 15-day regimen of TIRA 160 mg once-daily (test). Intensive blood sampling for determination of LEVO, EE, and TIRA plasma concentrations was conducted, and safety was assessed throughout the study. Pharmacokinetic interactions were evaluated using 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric least squares mean (GLSM) ratios of the test versus reference treatments. The GLSM (90% CI) ratios of area under the concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC<sub>inf</sub> ; LEVO: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.88-1.03, EE: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05-1.16) and maximum plasma concentration (C<sub>max</sub> ; LEVO: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.98, EE: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.98-1.18) were within the prespecified 0.70 to 1.43 no effect bounds; and the AUC ratios met the stricter 0.80 to 1.25 equivalence bounds. Study treatments were generally well-tolerated. In conclusion, co-administration with TIRA did not alter the exposure of LEVO/EE, and accordingly LEVO/EE containing oral contraceptives can serve as a contraception method for participants on TIRA 160 mg (or lower) daily doses.
Low profile array for broadband aeronautical satellite data links (2002)

Airframe manufacturers, avionics companies, satellite operators and major airlines have launched programs to develop high speed data services for use on commercial aircraft and business jets. Inmarsat currently supplies aircraft with medium-rate data service and high quality voice throughout the world on both spot-beams and global beams. In 2001 EMS Technologies began installing Inmarsat BGAN transceivers on military and commercial aircraft. These terminals provide full-duplex communications at 64KBPS per channel with two channels offered in the standard configuration. With the launch of Inmarsat 4 satellites the data rates achievable with the BGAN service will be increased substantially. Programs, such as Connexion-By-Boeing however aim to leapfrog this capability with data rates of several MBPS being proposed.
Development of new ricin A‐chain immunotoxins with potent anti‐tumor effects against human hodgkin cells in vitro and disseminated Hodgkin tumors in scid mice using high‐affinity monoclonal antibodies directed against the CD30 antigen (1995)

The lymphocyte activation marker CD30 has been shown to be an excellent target for the immunotherapy of human Hodgkin's lymphoma. In order to develop new potent immunotoxins (ITs) against CD30, we chemically linked 6 recently described monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) via SMPT to deglycosylated ricin A-chain (dgA). Cross-blocking experiments demonstrated that these MAbs, termed Ki-2 to Ki-7, recognize 3 different clusters on the CD30 antigen: Ki-2, Ki-4, Ki-5 and Ki-7 recognize cluster A; Ki-6 recognizes cluster B; Ki-3 binds to cluster C. Staining of 29 sections of normal human organs revealed no major cross-reactivity of any MAbs tested. Binding to the CD30 antigen on L540Cy Hodgkin cells was assessed by flow cytometry, and demonstrated high affinities for Ki-2, Ki-3 and Ki-4. The concentration giving 50% of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI50) was 0.58 micrograms/ml to 0.78 micrograms/l. MAbs Ki-5, Ki-6, and Ki-7 bound much more weakly. The staining intensity of the MAbs correlated with the cytotoxicity of the corresponding ITs. Ki-2.dgA, ki-3.dgA and Ki-4.dgA inhibited the protein synthesis of L540Cy cells by 50% at concentrations (IC50) of 3.5 x 10(-10)M to 4.0 x 10(-11)M. The most effective IT, Ki-4dgA, is 5-fold more potent than previously reported CD30 ricin A-chain ITs. Ki-4.dgA was subsequently used for the treatment of disseminated human Hodgkin's lymphoma in a SCID mouse model. The mean survival time (MST) of lymphoma-bearing SCID mice was extended from 42 days in untreated controls to more than 132 days when Ki-4.dgA was applied one day after tumor challenge. Ki-4.dgA is a new potent IT suitable for further evaluation against Hodgkin's lymphoma in man.
On the models used for TCAD simulations of Diamond Schottky Barrier Diodes (2015)

In this paper we present a numerical analysis of Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBDs) based on CVD (Chemical Vapour Deposition) Diamond. Material and interface models suitable for TCAD (Technology Computer Aided Design) finite element simulations were implemented in the software and their validity was assessed against experimental results obtained on MIP+(Metal-Intrinsic layer-highly P doped substrate) SBDs with Al and Au as Schottky metal contacts both at room and higher temperature conditions. The paper also highlights the need to improve such TCAD models since the complex behavior of Diamond based devices is still not well captured in static and dynamic conditions. The present work also discusses the role of the Oxygen surface interface in the on state performances of the SBDs.
Continuous-Wave Second-Harmonic Generation in Orientation-Patterned Gallium Phosphide Waveguides at Telecom Wavelengths (2022)

A new process to produce Orientation-Patterned Gallium Phosphide (OP-GaP) on GaAs with almost perfectly parallel domain boundaries is presented. Taking advantage of the chemical selectivity between phosphides and arsenides, OPGaP is processed into suspended shallow-ridge waveguides. Efficient Second-Harmonic Generation from Telecom wavelengths is achieved in both Type-I and Type-II polarisation configurations. The highest observed conversion efficiency is 200%W <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> , with a bandwidth of 2.67 nm in a 1 mm-long waveguide. The variation of the conversion efficiency with wavelength closely follows a squared cardinal sine function, in excellent agreement with theory, confirming the good uniformity of the poling period over the entire length of the waveguide.
Abstract 18301: Intra-operative Left Coronary Doppler Profile Independently Predicts Need for Ecmo or Late Revision After Arterial Switch (2015)

Objective: We hypothesized that intraoperative coronary Doppler profiles after button implantation would help predict survival and morbidity after arterial switch. Methods: Children (N=319) undergoing arterial switch (2000-2012; TGA 190, TGA-VSD 95, TGA-VSD-PS 10, Taussig-Bing 14, others 10) underwent intraoperative echocardiographic assessment of coronary buttons. Studies were blindly reviewed to delineate Doppler gradient, peak flow velocity, velocity-time integral (VTI) and late diastolic flow reversal, which were explored as predictors of death, ICU morbidity and need for late coronary revision via parametric risk-adjusted regression and bootstrap reliability. Results: Outcomes included: death=9 (3%), ECMO=13 (4%), surgical coronary revision=9 (3%). Higher left button Doppler values were predictors of chest open duration, post-op JET, need for revision or ECMO. Mean left button gradient was the most reliable - table. Right button Doppler values were not strong predictors of morbidity. Higher left Doppler gradients confer disproportionate impact - figure. Mean gradient ≥ 1.5 had late revision risk 27%, versus 1.6% for &lt; 1.5 ( P =.0016). Intraoperative strategies to improve button geometry included release of fascia (16, 5%) or button revision (9, 3%). Such strategies reduced gradients, velocities and VTI ( P between .004 and .03 ). Left Doppler values retained their predictive value even in 296 (93%) children who had no such coronary manipulation - table. Conclusions: Aiming for mean left coronary gradient &lt; 1.5-2 and peak &lt;4 mmHg through routine Doppler assessment will help lower risk of ECMO and late coronary problems.
Direct thrombin inhibitors: current status and future prospects (1999)

Thrombin is a pivotal enzyme in the coagulation cascade and in the pathogenesis of thrombosis, which can lead to the occurrence of a number of coronary syndromes. Thrombin inhibition, by either recombinant or synthetic inhibitors, has now been recognised as a possible mechanism by which to modulate thrombosis; a cause of considerable mortality and morbidity, particularly in the western world. This approach represents a departure from established antithrombotic therapy, the mainstay therapies for which are aspirin, heparin or warfarin. There is now a body of clinical evidence with recombinant peptide or protein based thrombin inhibitors, and, to a lesser extent, synthetic agents, which give useful insights into the potential therapeutic impact of direct thrombin inhibitors. As well as defining the key clinical parameters where these drugs can be beneficial, clinical studies have also highlighted specific areas which need to be addressed by newer compounds in this class. A number of examples of low molecular weight and potentially orally available compounds are now in early clinical development; they may serve to answer many of the questions raised by Phase III trials with compounds based on hirudin.
Effect of yarn appearance on apparent quality of weft knitted fabric (2005)

Abstract This research has attempted to present a novel definition for apparent quality of weft knitted fabrics and their used yarns using the image analysis method and linear functions, which are calculated by neural networks. First, standard boards of yarn were analyzed using the image analysis method and artificial neural networks. Then, samples of plain, cross-miss and plain pique fabrics and their used yarns were tested for appearance. The results show that the correlation between apparent quality of knitted fabrics and their yarns is very strong. The ANOVA test confirmed that there is a strong influence of yarn type and fabric structure on fabric apparent quality. Although the yarn type has a strong effect on fabric appearance, the effect of fabric structure on its appearance is not remarkable. Other results show that the quality of the knitted fabric depends on the features of the raw materials and the effects of different knit elements.
Coverage Performance of Common/Shared Control Signals Using Transmit Diversity in Evolved UTRA Downlink (2009)

This paper presents the best transmit diversity schemes for three types of common/shared control signals from the viewpoint of the block error rate (BLER) performance in the Evolved UTRA downlink employing OFDM radio access. This paper also presents the coverage performance of the common/shared control signals using transmit diversity with respect to the outage probability that satisfies the required BLER performance, which is a major factor determining the cell configuration. Simulation results clarify that Space-Frequency Block Code (SFBC) and the combination of SFBC and Frequency Switched Transmit Diversity (FSTD) are the best transmit diversity schemes among the open-loop type transmit diversity candidates for two-antenna and four-antenna transmission cases, respectively. Furthermore, we show through system-level simulations that SFBC is very effective in reducing the outage probability at the required BLER for the physical broadcast channel (PBCH), for the common control signal with resource block (RB)-level assignment such as the dynamic broadcast channel (D-BCH) and paging channel (PCH), and in increasing the number of accommodated L1/L2 control signals over one transmission time interval duration, using mini-control channel element (CCE)-level assignment.
Evolution of lasing during FBG-inscription in a Yb-Al-doped laser fiber (2013)

A challenge in building monolithic fiber laser light sources is the characterization of their optical components, especially of the fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) within the actively doped fiber, which define the resonator. We propose an experimental technique to characterize such FBG under pumping conditions directly during FBG inscription. The observed dynamics are discussed considering different absorption processes, taking place during inscription and pumping. Furthermore, we study the laser performance at different pump powers and discuss observed changes in the laser spectra.
APPLICATION OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE FOR MICROORGANISM REDUCTIONS IN FRESH PORK (2011)

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to examine the inhibitory effects of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) on microorganisms in fresh pork. With SC-CO2 treatment at 120 bar and 40C for 30 min, the initial mesophilic plate counts were reduced from 6.23 to 4.54 log colony-forming units (cfu) per cm2, and the reduction levels of microorganisms, including nonpathogenic Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7, ranged from 1.99 to 2.51 log cfu/cm2. Even though SC-CO2 treatment at 120 bar resulted in higher reductions than treatment at 80 bar, the higher temperature or longer exposure times did not always present greater inhibitory effects than the lower temperature or shorter exposure times. Therefore, from an economic point of view, SC-CO2 treatment at the lower temperature (35 versus 40C) and shortest exposure time (10 versus 30 min) was more efficient than treatment at the higher temperature or longer exposure time at the same pressure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The practical application of SC-CO2 has been proposed as an alternative pasteurization technique for various liquid foods. In addition, SC-CO2 treatment can be used to effectively improve solid food safety including fresh meat and meat products without impairing the quality of the products.
Efficient despreaders for multi-code CDMA systems (2002)

It is shown that the implementation efficiency of the despreaders for multi-code CDMA systems directly depends on the efficiency of elementary bank of correlators corresponding to the applied binary spreading sequences, regardless of the spreading and modulation format. Until now two kinds of spreading sequences are proposed for the application in the multicode transmission schemes: sets of Walsh sequences and sets of orthogonal Gold (1967) sequences. The paper presents the efficient implementation of the bank of correlators matched to the set of orthogonal Gold sequences. The method of finding all the permutations which map the orthogonal Gold sequences into the Walsh sequences is also shown.
Effect of gemfibrozil and rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of selexipag and its active metabolite in healthy subjects (2017)

Concomitant administration of selexipag and strong inhibitors of CYP2C8 must be avoided, whereas when coadministered with inducers of CYP2C8, dose adjustments of selexipag should be envisaged.