gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Glycosyl-Inositol-Phosphate and Dimyristoylglycerol Moieties of the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor of the Trypanosome Variant-Specific Surface Glycoprotein Are Distinct Macrophage-Activating Factors (1998)

The TNF-alpha-inducing capacity of different trypanosome components was analyzed in vitro, using as indicator cells a macrophage cell line (2C11/12) or peritoneal exudate cells from LPS-resistant C3H/HeJ mice and LPS-sensitive C3H/HeN mice. The variant-specific surface glycoprotein (VSG) was identified as the major TNF-alpha-inducing component present in trypanosome-soluble extracts. Both soluble (sVSG) and membrane-bound VSG (mfVSG) were shown to manifest similar TNF-alpha-inducing capacities, indicating that the dimyristoylglycerol (DMG) compound of the mfVSG anchor was not required for TNF-alpha triggering. Detailed analysis indicated that the glycosyl-inositol-phosphate (GIP) moiety was responsible for the TNF-alpha-inducing activity of VSG and that the presence of the GIP-associated galactose side chain was essential for optimal TNF-alpha production. Furthermore, the results showed that the responsiveness of macrophages toward the TNF-alpha-inducing activity of VSG was strictly dependent on the activation state of the macrophages, since resident macrophages required IFN-gamma preactivation to become responsive. Comparative analysis of the ability of both forms of VSG to activate macrophages revealed that mfVSG but not sVSG stimulates macrophages toward IL-1alpha secretion and acquisition of LPS responsiveness. The priming activity of mfVSG toward LPS responsiveness was also demonstrated in vivo and may be relevant during trypanosome infections, since Trypanosoma brucei-infected mice became gradually LPS-hypersensitive during the course of infection. Collectively, the VSG of trypanosomes encompasses two distinct macrophage-activating components: while the GIP moiety of sVSG mediates TNF-alpha induction, the DMG compound of the mfVSG anchor contributes to IL-1 alpha induction and LPS sensitization.
Towards nanoscaled gold phosphides: surface passivation and growth of composite nanostructures (2013)

Gold phosphide (Au2P3) is known as a crystalline metastable phase at the macroscale. In this paper, the formation of Au2P3 nanostructures is investigated. Here, white phosphorus (P4) is used as a soluble phosphorus donor and reacted on 16 nm gold nanoparticles, in a strategy similar to the one previously used for the production of various metal phosphide nanoparticles including Ni2P, Pd5P4, PdP2, Cu3P and InP. Moderate temperature (250 °C for up to 6 h) gives a reaction limited to the surface of the nanoparticles, while the unreacted P4 stays in solution. This surface modification is then optimized by reducing the stoichiometry of P4 to Au : P = 10 : 1 and lowering the temperature to 110 °C. Interestingly, this surface modification shields the plasmon band against ligand exchange with thiols, providing more robust nanoparticles. The reaction is then conducted under harsh conditions (320 °C for 3 h) to produce crystalline Au2P3. This triggered the aggregation of the starting nanoparticles into larger nanostructures such as nanowires. Moreover, the formation of composite Au2P3–Au nanostructures is observed, where the gold phosphide domains are systematically larger than the unreacted gold nanoparticles. This suggests that gold is particularly reluctant to form gold phosphide, which relates to the metastable character of this phase.
Production and physico-chemical characterization of biochar from palm kernel shell (2013)

As the world’s second largest producer and exporter of palm oil, Malaysia’s palm oil industry leaves behind huge amounts of biomass waste from its plantation and milling activities such as empty fruit bunch, palm kernel shell (PKS), palm frond and palm trunk. Generally, most of the waste generated is disposed of via open dumping, used as solid fuel in boilers, or used as fertilizers. To enhance the use of the abundant biomass generated by the oil palm industry in Malaysia, conversion of biomass to biochar could be a promising alternative. Biochar has the strength in improving long term soil productivity and capable of sequestering carbon in soils to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide to atmosphere. This research project aims to investigate and optimize the use of PKS for biochar production through slow pyrolysis by using the Biochar Experimenter’s Kit (BEK) from All Power Labs, California. PKS was pyrolyzed at 400 °C for an hour. Biochar and the pyrolysis by-products were then collected. The biochar was then selectively characterized for its physicochemical properties such as proximate and ultimate analysis, pH, water holding capacity and BET surface area.
Figure S3 from The Highly Recurrent PP2A Aα-Subunit Mutation P179R Alters Protein Structure and Impairs PP2A Enzyme Function to Promote Endometrial Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental data evaluating for disruption of PP2A holoenzyme assembly in a cell-free binding assay system&lt;/p&gt;
Mechanism of anti-platelet aggregating action of dilazep. (1985)

In vitro effect of Dilazep on the release and metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) in human platelets was studied. Dilazep reduced in a dose-dependent manner platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) formation when stimulated by adenosine diphosphate, collagen and epinephrine. Dilazep decreased thrombin-induced release of [14C]arachidonic acid ([14C]AA) from platelets prelabeled with [14C]AA. The conversion of [14C]AA to cyclooxygenase metabolites was reduced by the addition of Dilazep, while that to 12-lipoxygenase metabolite was rather increased. Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate levels in washed human platelets were not affected by the addition of Dilazep. These results suggest that the decreased TXB2 formation by Dilazep may be ascribed to the impairment of AA release from platelet membrane phospholipids and the reduced conversion of released AA to TXA2.
High Pressure Annular Two-Phase Flow in a Narrow Duct: Part I—Local Measurements in the Droplet Field (2000)

Detailed measurements have been made in a high pressure, adiabatic (boiled at the inlet) annular flow in a narrow, high aspect ratio duct using a gamma densitometer, hot-film anemometer and high-speed video photography. Measurements of void fraction, droplet frequency, velocity, drop size, and interfacial area concentration have been made to support the three-field computational capability. An important aspect of this testing is the use of a modeling fluid (R-134a) in a vertical duct which permits visual access in annular flow. This modeling fluid accurately simulates the low liquid-to-vapor density ratio of steam-water flows at high pressures. These measurements have been taken in a narrow duct of hydraulic diameter 4.85 mm, and a cross-section aspect ratio of 22.5. However, the flow displays profiles of various shapes not only in the narrow dimension, but also in the width dimension. In particular, the shape of the void profiles depends on the entrained droplet flux from the edges in the vapor core. The average diameter from these profiles compare well with the models developed in the literature. Interfacial area concentration for these low density ratio flows is higher than the highest concentration reported for air-water flows. Video records show that along with the bow-shaped waves, three-dimensional λ-shaped waves appear in annular flows for high flow rates. [S0098-2202(00)00902-0]
Fabrication of high-density micro holes by upward batch micro EDM (2008)

A large number of micro holes are needed for biomedical parts, ink-jet nozzles and micro droplet spraying parts. In this study, an inexpensive machining approach for producing a batch of micro holes is proposed. A set of previously introduced w-EDM mechanisms is employed to horizontally cut the batch micro electrodes precisely. Through the process arrangement, the micro electrodes and workpiece are not unloaded, repositioned and re-corrected until all the tasks are completed. The micro workpiece is clamped onto the specially designed jig and moved above the micro electrodes to perform machining of the mass micro holes by upward batch micro EDM. The entire procedure is carried out on a developed multifunctional tabletop CNC machine tool. An array of 400 through holes of the identical sizes is successfully fabricated on a stainless-steel plate with a thickness of 30 µm by using the modified peck-drilling method. Experimental results confirmed that the proposed approach could accelerate the removal of debris, reduce the occurrence of abnormal discharges and decrease the machining time.
Local Food Systems under Global Influence: The Case of Food, Health and Environment in Five Socio-Ecosystems (2023)

Globalization is transforming food systems around the world. With few geographical areas spared from nutritional, dietary and epidemiological transitions, chronic diseases have reached pandemic proportions. A question therefore arises as to the sustainability of local food systems. The overall purpose of this article is to put in perspective how local food systems respond to globalization through the assessment of five different case studies stemming from an international research network of Human-Environment Observatories (OHM), namely Nunavik (Québec, Canada), Oyapock (French Guiana, France), Estarreja (Portugal), Téssékéré (Senegal) and Littoral-Caraïbes (Guadeloupe, France). Each region retains aspects of its traditional food system, albeit under different patterns of influence modelled by various factors. These include history, cultural practices, remoteness and accessibility to and integration of globalized ultra-processed foods that induce differential health impacts. Furthermore, increases in the threat of environmental contamination can undermine the benefits of locally sourced foods for the profit of ultra-processed foods. These case studies demonstrate that: (i) the influence of globalization on food systems can be properly understood by integrating sociohistorical trajectories, socioeconomic and sociocultural context, ongoing local environmental issues and health determinants; and (ii) long-term and transverse monitoring is essential to understand the sustainability of local food systems vis-à-vis globalization.
Inhibition of the deubiquitinase USP10 induces degradation of SYK (2020)

We suggest that USP10 inhibition is a novel approach to inhibiting SYK and impeding its role in the pathology of AML, including oncogenic FLT3-positive AML. Also, given the significant transforming role SYK in other tumours, targeting USP10 may have broader applications in cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral (Phosphinoaryl)oxazolines, a Versatile Class of Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Affinity-Based Purification of Polyisocyanopeptide Bioconjugates (2017)

Water-soluble polyisocyanopeptides (PICs) are a new class of synthetic polymers that mimic natural protein-based filaments. Their unique semiflexible properties combined with a length of several hundred nanometers have recently enabled a number of biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to cancer immunotherapy. One crucial step toward the further development of PICs for these applications is the efficient and controlled synthesis and purification of PIC-biomolecule conjugates. Considering the large size of PICs and the biomolecules to be conjugated, conjugation reactions do usually not proceed to completion due to steric effects. As a consequence, purification of the reaction mixture is necessary to separate the obtained bioconjugates from unreacted biomolecules. As a direct result of the semiflexible nature of PICs, standard polymer and protein purification methods based on molecular weight have not been successful. Here, we introduce a new affinity-based purification method utilizing biotin as an affinity tag. PICs decorated with a controlled and tunable density of biotin molecules (biotinPICs) were efficiently bound to and eluted from a monoavidin resin in buffered aqueous solution. Using these biotinPICs, two different protein conjugates were synthesized, one carrying the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) and the other T-cell activating anti-CD3 antibodies. The resulting biotinPIC-protein conjugates were successfully obtained in high purity (>90%) and without any loss of protein activity. The high purity greatly simplifies the analysis of biotinPIC bioconjugates, such as the determination of the average number of biomolecules conjugated per biotinPIC chain. Most importantly, it allows for the direct and straightforward application of the obtained bioconjugates in the desired applications. The new method developed may further be adapted for the purification of other advanced bioconjugates that are difficult to obtain in high purity with the available standard methods.
Differential effect on TCR:CD3 stimulation of a 90-kD glycoprotein (gp90/Mac-2BP), a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain protein family (1998)

We studied the effects of a 90-kD glycoprotein (gp90/Mac-2BP) belonging to the scavenger receptor family, present in normal serum and at increased levels in inflammatory disease and cancer patients, on some T cell function parameters. Whereas the lymphocyte proliferative response to non-specific mitogens such as phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A), but not pokeweed mitogen (PWM), was strongly reduced, probably due to the lectin-binding properties of gp90/Mac-2BP, the response to T cell receptor (TCR) agonists such as superantigens and allogeneic cells was potentiated. When lymphocytes were stimulated with different anti-TCR:CD3 MoAbs, both in soluble and solid-phase form, gp90/Mac-2BP was able to down-regulate the proliferative response to anti-CD3 MoAb, whereas the response to anti-TCR alphabeta MoAb was enhanced. A similar differential effect was observed when a MoAb against CD5 (another member of the scavenger receptor superfamily) was added to anti-CD3 or anti-TCR-stimulated cells; anti-CD5 MoAb strongly down-modulated the CD3-mediated response, whereas its presence in culture was associated with potentiation of the response to TCR alphabeta agonists. gp90/Mac-2BP was able per se to up-regulate Ca2+ levels in freshly isolated lymphocytes; moreover, its presence in culture was associated with increased Ca2+ mobilization following stimulation with anti-TCR alphabeta, but not anti-CD3 MoAb. These data indicate that gp90/Mac-2BP could be able to influence some immune responses, possibly through multiple homologous interactions with other members of the scavenger receptor family; moreover, our findings suggest that signalling through the different components of the TCR:CD3 complex may follow distinct activation pathways into the cells.
The Impact of Mirth-Inducing Ventral Striatal Deep Brain Stimulation on Functional and Effective Connectivity (2016)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) is an investigational therapy for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. The ability of VC/VS DBS to evoke spontaneous mirth in patients, often accompanied by smiling and laughter, is clinically well documented. However, the neural correlates of DBS-evoked mirth remain poorly characterized. Patients undergoing VC/VS DBS surgery underwent intraoperative evaluation in which mirth-inducing and non-mirth-inducing stimulation localizations were identified. Using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) for fMRI, the effect of mirth-inducing DBS on functional and effective connectivity among established nodes in limbic cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuitry was investigated. Both mirth-inducing and non-mirth-inducing VC/VS DBS consistently resulted (conjunction, global null, family-wise error-corrected P < 0.05) in activation of amygdala, ventral striatum, and mediodorsal thalamus. However, only mirth-inducing DBS resulted in functional inhibition of anterior cingulate cortex. Dynamic causal modeling revealed that mirth-inducing DBS enhanced effective connectivity from anterior cingulate to ventral striatum, while attenuating connectivity from thalamus to ventral striatum relative to non-mirth-inducing stimulation. These results suggest that DBS-evoked mood elevation is accompanied by distinct patterns of limbic thalamocortical connectivity. Using the novel combination of DBS-evoked mood alteration and functional MRI in human subjects, we provide new insights into the network-level mechanisms that influence affect.
Dynamics of nonlinear absorption of femtosecond laser pulses in GaP (1992)

Nonlinear absorption of 176-fs laser pulses in GaP was measured using both time-domain and intensity-domain techniques. The nonlinear response turned out to have a very short relaxation time. The absolute value of the two-photon absorption coefficient was measured.
Applicability of distal protection for aortocoronary vein graft interventions in clinical practice (2004)

Abstract Percutaneous revascularization of diseased saphenous vein grafts is associated with increased risk of adverse events, although the use of distal protection mitigates this to a significant extent. However, anatomic characteristics may preclude the use of such devices in a proportion of vein grafts intended for percutaneous treatment. We reviewed our consecutive experience of saphenous vein graft interventions from 1 May 2001 through 30 April 2002 to determine suitability for distal protection. Relevant angiographic characteristics included lesion within 5 mm of the ostium; lesion &lt; 20 mm from the distal anastomosis; planned distal landing site of the occlusion balloon &lt; 3 mm or &gt; 6 mm in diameter; total occlusion of the vein graft; or lesion in a sequential vein graft distal to the first anastomosis. One hundred twenty‐seven patients (140 procedures, 147 vein grafts) were treated. One or more of the angiographic exclusion criteria for a balloon occlusion protection system existed in 57% of grafts, while 42% had exclusions for a filter device. A large number of patients with vein graft disease intended for percutaneous treatment have anatomic exclusions to available distal protection technology. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2004;63:148–151. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Usability and Accuracy assessment of an innovative low dose C-arm with 2D fluoroscopy, 3D imaging and real-time navigation in a single platform for spine surgery – a cadaveric experimentation (2019)

Introduction Clinical benefits of intra-operative 3D imaging and surgical navigation are widely described in the literature. However, existing guidance systems are often reported as complex and time consuming1,2,4. The Surgivisio / eCential system is an innovative intra-operative C-arm combining 2D fluoroscopy, 3D imaging and real time navigation capabilities within unified an all-in-one platform3. The aim of this cadaveric experimentation is to evaluate the usability of the system, and to assess pedicle screw placement using this novel device. Material and methods Surgivisio / eCential device offers an all-in-one solution with a unique workflow and user interface. The embodiment used here is dedicated to any spinal procedures requiring insertion of a trocar inside a pedicle. The usability of the system is assessed by measuring the ability of the user to navigate the trocar and place k-wires percutaneously inside a group of pedicles. The accuracy of screw placement is evaluated using post-operative 3D image of the implanted screw exported on an internally developed image visualization tool. The screw placement is assessed according to Gertzbein grading scale by the operator and two other evaluators. Results Usability For each vertebrae group, fixation of the patient reference to the end of 3D reconstruction was done in less than 10 minutes. The percutaneous navigation and placement of 6 k-wires in a vertebrae group could be performed in 28 minutes for the first 2 groups and in 22 minutes for the third group. Pedicle screw implantation 100% of screws was graded 0 on Gertzbein scale by all evaluators.
Depth map up-sampling based on edge layers (2012)

Depth map images are characterized by large homogeneous areas and strong edges. It has been observed that efficient compression of the depth map is achieved by applying a down-sampling operation prior to encoding. However, since high resolution depth maps are typically required for view synthesis, an up-sampling method that is able to recover the loss of information is needed within this framework. In this paper, an up-sampling algorithm that recovers the high frequency content of depth maps using a novel edge layer concept is proposed. This algorithm includes a method for extracting edge layers from the corresponding texture images, which are then used as part of a non-linear interpolation filter for depth map up-sampling. In the present work, the up-sampling is applied as a post-processing operation to generate multiview output for display. Views synthesized with our up-sampled depth maps show the efficiency of our proposed technique relative to conventional interpolation filters.
Carbonate rock physics: Geophysical and petrophysical pore types of carbonate rocks from an offshore carbonate field (2008)

Acoustic velocities from core samples and sonic logs from an offshore carbonate oil field were analyzed to examine the validity of an analytical carbonate rock physics model (Xu et al., 2007) that was developed by modifying the original Xu‐White (1995) model. The model assumes idealized ellipsoidal pores of different aspect ratios (short axis/long axis of the ellipsoidal cavity). It uses three pore types to abstractly represent the acoustic and pressure response of carbonate reservoir rocks: “crack‐like” pores with a low aspect ratio, reference pores that serve as the background trend, and “stiff” pores with a high aspect ratio. We examined the validity of the model by simultaneously fitting Vp and Vs data by adjusting the volumetric fraction of the three pore types. The results showed that this simplified model could be used to fit the sonic data to within 2% over large reservoir intervals that include different carbonate rocks with porosity varying from below 10% to above 30%. The model describes the nonlinear variation of Vp/Vs ratio with porosity. Our favorable relation between inversion results and thin‐section determined petrophysical pore systems may enable us to use such inversions to predict petrophysical pore types and facies for carbonate reservoir rocks.