gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compact E-Cash. (2005)

This paper presents efficient off-line anonymous e-cash schemes where a user can withdraw a wallet containing 2 coins each of which she can spend unlinkably. Our first result is a scheme, secure under the strong RSA and the y-DDHI assumptions, where the complexity of the withdrawal and spend operations is O(` + k) and the user’s wallet can be stored using O(` + k) bits, where k is a security parameter. The best previously known schemes require at least one of these complexities to be O(2 · k). In fact, compared to previous e-cash schemes, our whole wallet of 2 coins has about the same size as one coin in these schemes. Our scheme also offers exculpability of users, that is, the bank can prove to third parties that a user has double-spent. We then extend our scheme to our second result, the first e-cash scheme that provides traceable coins without a trusted third party. That is, once a user has double spent one of the 2 coins in her wallet, all her spendings of these coins can be traced. We present two alternate constructions. One construction shares the same complexities with our first result but requires a strong bilinear map assumption that is only conjectured to hold on MNT curves. The second construction works on more general types of elliptic curves, but the price for this is that the complexity of the spending and of the withdrawal protocols becomes O(` · k) and O(` · k + k) bits, respectively, and wallets take O(` · k) bits of storage. All our schemes are secure in the random oracle model.
Endoscopic Treatment of Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (1980)

The advent of flexible fiberoptic endoscopy has stimulated the development of numerous nonsurgical methods to stop bleeding in patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Our laboratory has evaluated several of these techniques in studies using standard-sized bleeding canine gastric ulcers. Gas-assisted argon and the neodymium YAG laser photo-coagulation, computer-assisted monopolar and bipolar electrocoagulation, and a new device, the heater probe, are all highly effective for stopping bleeding from this model. Of these, the gas-assisted argon laser produces the least injury to tissue underlying the treated ulcer. A topical hemostatic spray, Flucrylate, proved ineffective in this model. Uncontrolled clinical experience with laser photocoagulation and monopolar electrocoagulation indicates that each stops upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in more than 90% of treated patients. Based on available experimental and clinical data, we are now undertaking a controlled clinical trial of gas-assisted argon laser photocoagulation in patients with bleeding gastric, stomal, or duodenal ulcers.
Breakdown of Barkhausen critical-scaling behavior with increasing domain-wall pinning in ferromagnetic films (2011)

We report a breakdown of Barkhausen critical-scaling behavior in NiO/Fe films with increasing domain-wall pinning by means of a Kerr microscope capable of direct domain observation. The time-resolved domain images in the films revealed that the Barkhausen jump size is generally decreased with increasing NiO thickness, showing an enhanced domain-wall pinning effect. Interestingly enough, the power-law scaling behavior of the Barkhausen jump size distribution gradually disappears as pinning of domain walls in the Fe layer is increased. This is ascribed to the fact that the magnetization reversal mechanism is changed from a Barkhausen avalanche dominant mode to domain-wall creep dominant mode.
189 Targeting a novel shared tumor-specific antigen with T cell receptor transduced T cells for the treatment of ovarian cancer (2021)

<h3>Background</h3> Transgenic T cell receptor (TCR)-based T cell therapies are a powerful treatment for cancer. However, one of the greatest remaining challenges is the successful identification of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) that are shared between patients and tumor entities and elicit strong T cell responses. The non-coding region of the genome has become a promising source of such novel TSAs. Previously, we have identified ten immunogenic shared TSAs, derived from the translation in canonical and non-canonical reading frames of non-mutated non-coding genomic regions like introns, intergenic regions and 5’-untranslated regions. In the following process, we identified several TCRs specific for these TSAs. Here we aimed at the validation of two TSA-specific TCRs in a model of ovarian cancer-derived organoids. <h3>Methods</h3> Freshly collected ovarian tumor and normal ovarian tissue expressing the HLA of interest were mechanically disrupted, enzymatically digested and cryopreserved. Expression of the TSA of interest in the primary tumor tissue was confirmed with RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry. Thawed single cell suspensions were used to generate tumor organoids and 2D-growing normal ovarian cell lines. To validate the generated cell lines, the presence or absence of two previously identified tumor-specific mutations was investigated by targeted Sanger sequencing in the genome of the tumor organoids, normal cell lines and primary tissues. Two TSA-specific TCRs were retrovirally transduced into CD8+ T cells of three healthy donors. Expanded TSA-specific CD8+T cells were co-cultured 24 hours with single cell suspensions of IFN-γ pre-stimulated, tumor organoids or the 2D-growing normal ovarian cell line. IFN-γ ELISA was used to assess activation of TSA-specific T cells upon co-culture. <h3>Results</h3> The TSA of interest was detected both at the transcriptomic and proteomic level in the primary ovarian tumor tissue. Using frozen single cell suspensions of this tumor and corresponding normal tissue, tumor organoids and 2D-growing normal cell lines were successfully established and their integrity was confirmed. Both TSA-specific TCRs were efficiently expressed on CD8+ T cells from three donors. TCR-transgenic T cells showed activation upon co-culture with tumor organoids without recognition of normal ovarian cell lines. Normal cells were only recognized after loading with the specific target peptide. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In conclusion, the high relevance of two TCRs identified to be specific for a novel shared tumor-specific antigen was confirmed in a model of ovarian cancer organoids. The findings support further development of these TCRs for cancer immunotherapy and implementation of tumor organoids as a relevant tool for the characterization of TSA-specific TCRs. <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> ‘The tumor and normal tissue samples were purchased at a Biobank, collected in compliance with all applicable EU regulations and were pseudonymized.’
Analysis of Drain Field and Hot Carrier Stability of Poly-Si Thin Film Transistors (1998)

Hot carrier instabilities in poly-Si thin film transistors (TFTs) are caused by high electric fields at the drain. These high fields are determined mainly by the abruptness of the lateral n + doping profile in the drain and the two-dimensional (2D) coupling of the x and y components of the electric field between the gate and drain. The density of trapping states in the poly-Si film, however, has a much less significant impact on the field. Further, it is shown that improving the properties of the poly-Si film tends to have an adverse affect on hot carrier stability. Consequently, it is concluded that drain field relief is essential for hot carrier stability of n-channel poly-Si TFTs. It is shown that gate overlapped lightly doped drain (GOLDD) architectures can be used to relieve the drain field without introducing series resistance. Stable TFTs have been fabricated with GOLDD, consistent with circuit operation up to drain biases of 20 V. GOLDD is also effective in reducing the field enhanced leakage current in the off-state.
Nonpenetrating Clips Successfully Replacing Sutures in Base of Skull Surgery (1993)

Reconstructive challenges engendered by skull base surgery are critical determinants of outcome. A novel nonpenetrating, arcuate-legged clip has proven to be both technically and biologically effective for management of these difficult closures. Clips have facilitated reconstructions associated with the surgical management of eight skull base cases: leiomyosarcoma of the orbit, middle fossa, ptyergopalatine fossa, two meningiomas (petrotentorial, cavernous sinus), vagus nerve paraganglioma, complex traumatic orbital dural tear, and one basilar and two vertebral artery aneurysms.
The movie mashup application MoMa (2012)

It is easy to find large-scale, free-to-use, computer readable geographical databases nowadays, and many people are examining how to exploit them, crossing them with other linked data to produce new applications. We present here a publicly accessible web application for searching for movies based on location, mashing up information from DBpedia and GeoNames. We also describe its architecture and the solutions we developed to address the entity ambiguity problems we encountered.
Optimization of Arterial Oxygenation during One-Lung Anesthesia (1980)

The effects of different respiratory maneuvers on Pao2, Qs/Qt, and cardiac output were studied during one-lung anesthesia in 21 adult patients undergoing pulmonary surgery in lateral position with halothane-oxygen anesthesia using endobronchial intubation. The patients were divided into three groups. In group A (n = 11) seven different respiratory maneuvers were sequentially performed. When both lungs were ventilated (maneuver A) Pao2 and Qs/Qt were 376 ± 28 torr (mean ± SE) and 26 ± 2.33% (mean ± SE), respectively. Corresponding values were 155 ± 25 torr and 38 ± 1.5% when the upper lung was deflated (maneuver B) and 85 ± 11 torr and 44 ± 4% when PEEP (10 cm H2O) was added to the dependent lung with the upper lung remaining deflated (maneuver C). When the collapsed upper lung was insufflated with oxygen (7 L/min) with the lower lung receiving PEEP (maneuver D) Pao2 and Qs/Qt were 127 ± 29 torr and 38 ± 3%, respectively, 177 ± 34 torr and 37 ± 3.5% when the upper lung was insufflated with oxygen and lower lung ventilated without end-expiratory pressure (maneuver E). When the upper lung was insufflated with oxygen at 10 cm H2O pressure with the dependent lung ventilated with PEEP (maneuver F), Pao2 was 248 ± 41 torr and Qs/Qt was 31 ± 2% and finally, during insufflation of the upper lung at 10 cm H2O pressure while the lower lung was ventilated with zero end-expiratory pressure (maneuver G) Pao2 averaged 286 ± 49 torr and Qs/ Qt 28 ± 2.5%. Cardiac output was reduced only when the dependent lung was ventilated with PEEP and the deflated upper lung insufflated with oxygen with or without pressure. In group B (n = 5) the effects of only maneuver F on arterial oxygenation were evaluated 50, 95, and 140 minutes after the start of anesthesia. In group C (n = 5), only maneuver G was studied 50, 95, and 140 minutes after the start of anesthesia. The values for Pao2 and Qs/Qt did not differ from each other at these time intervals and were comparable with the values obtained during corresponding maneuvers in group A patients. It is concluded that arterial oxygenation can be optimized during one-lung anesthesia by oxygen insufflation of the upper deflated lung at 10 cm H2O pressure while the lower lung is ventilated with zero end-expiratory pressure.
Final state control based on high-speed positioning control considering acceleration and speed limits for industrial robot (2014)

Managing the working time (tact-time) is important to improving the efficiency of a production line using industrial robots. Therefore, the tact-time must be managed exactly. However, a feedback system generates a phase delay. Consequently, managing the designed tact-time exactly is difficult. To solve this problem, this paper proposes Final-State-Control (FSC) based on high-speed positioning control considering acceleration and speed limits for industrial robot. Because the state variables of the plant system is set directly, the proposed method design the profile to reach a target position at a designed time. Therefore, the time is managed exactly. The proposed method also design the profile to consider overshoot of the position command, acceleration, and speed limits using Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI). The proposed method is evaluated through numerical simulations and an experiment using an actual industrial robot. The results show that the position response reach the targeted positions at the designed tact-time by using the proposed method. The proposed method also suppress vibrations and satisfy the design conditions (i.e.. acceleration, speed and position commands, and position response) of the industrial robot.
Optimal Charging of Electric Vehicles Taking Distribution Network Constraints Into Account (2014)

The increasing uptake of electric vehicles suggests that vehicle charging will have a significant impact on the electricity grid. Finding ways to shift this charging to off-peak periods has been recognized as a key challenge for integration of electric vehicles into the electricity grid on a large scale. In this paper, electric vehicle charging is formulated as a receding horizon optimization problem that takes into account the present and anticipated constraints of the distribution network over a finite charging horizon. The constraint set includes transformer and line limitations, phase unbalance, and voltage stability within the network. By using a linear approximation of voltage drop within the network, the problem solution may be computed repeatedly in near real time, and thereby take into account the dynamic nature of changing demand and vehicle arrival and departure. It is shown that this linear approximation of the network constraints is quick to compute, while still ensuring that network constraints are respected. The approach is demonstrated on a validated model of a real network via simulations that use real vehicle travel profiles and real demand data. Using the optimal charging method, high percentages of vehicle uptake can be sustained in existing networks without requiring any further network upgrades, leading to more efficient use of existing assets and savings for the consumer.
Robust Bayesian change detection for cyber-security applications [Slides] (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Total synthesis of the proposed structure of astakolactin (2014)

The first total synthesis of the proposed structure of astakolactin, a sesterterpene metabolite isolated from the marine sponge Cacospongia scalaris, has been achieved, mainly featuring Johnson-Claisen rearrangement, asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reaction and MNBA-mediated lactonization.
Do ambiguous reconstructions always give ambiguous images? (2002)

In many cases self-calibration is not able to yield a unique solution for the 3D reconstruction of a scene. This is due to the occurrence of critical motion sequences. If this is the case, an ambiguity is left on the reconstruction. In this paper we derive under which conditions correct novel views can be generated from ambiguous reconstructions. The problem is first approached from a theoretical point of view: It is proven that novel views are correct as long as the inclusion of the next view the sequence yields the same ambiguity on the reconstruction. The problem is therefore much related to the problem of critical motion sequences since the virtual camera can be arbitrarily moved within the smallest critical motion set that the recovered camera motion without distortions becoming visible. Based on these results a practical measure for the expected ambiguity on a novel view generated from the recovered structure and motion is derived. As an application a viewer was built that indicates if a specific novel view can be trusted or not by altering the background color.
Sequence Teacher-Student Training of Acoustic Models for Automatic Free Speaking Language Assessment (2018)

A high performance automatic speech recognition (ASR) system is an important constituent component of an automatic language assessment system for free speaking language tests. The ASR system is required to be capable of recognising non-native spontaneous English speech and to be deployable under real-time conditions. The performance of ASR systems can often be significantly improved by leveraging upon multiple systems that are complementary, such as an ensemble. Ensemble methods, however, can be computationally expensive, often requiring multiple decoding runs, which makes them impractical for deployment. In this paper, a lattice-free implementation of sequence-level teacher-student training is used to reduce this computational cost, thereby allowing for real-time applications. This method allows a single student model to emulate the performance of an ensemble of teachers, but without the need for multiple decoding runs. Adaptations of the student model to speakers from different first languages (L1s) and grades are also explored.
IRI Achievement Award Address: Exploratory Research Remains Essential for Industry (2002)

OVERVIEW:Exploratory research in industrial materials science involves knowledge-building leading to novel materials and processes. Initial applications envisioned by the researcher are seldom successful. Nevertheless, this research often yields important competitive advantages as new opportunities emerge. The time lag involved, however, creates issues for technical managers in the encouragement and rewarding of those who excel in this “fuzzy front end” of the innovation cycle. Long experience at Corning, however, clearly demonstrates that the development of landmark new products is almost always dependent on knowledge gleaned from previous exploratory research.
Comparison of Low-Light Nonmydriatic Digital Imaging with 35-mm ETDRS Seven-Standard Field Stereo Color Fundus Photographs and Clinical Examination (2012)

When evaluated using a rigorous protocol, images captured using a low-light digital camera compared favorably with ETDRS photography and clinical examination for grading level of DR and DME. Furthermore, these data suggest the importance of more extensive peripheral images and suggest that utilization of wide-field retinal imaging may further improve accuracy of DR assessment.
Streptococcus durans: An Unexpected Enteropathogen of Foals (1984)

Streptococcus durans was isolated from a foal with profuse watery diarrhea and caused a similar syndrome when inoculated into foals via the orogastric route. The most consistent and striking histological feature was the extensive colonization of the mucosal surface of the small intestine by S. durans. Associated mucosal changes were mild to modeate, and brush border lactase and alkaline phosphatase production were depressed. S. durans also induced acute diarrhea in young gnotobiotic piglets. Mucosal changes were mild and, as with foals, the mucosal surface of the small intestine was colonized by the organism.
Immunological Correlates of Prevention of the Onset of Seasonal H3N2 Influenza (2022)

On influenza virus infection or vaccination, immune responses occur, including the production of antibodies with various functions that contribute to protection from seasonal influenza virus infection. In the current study, we attempted to identify the antibody functions that play a central role in preventing the onset of seasonal influenza by comparing the levels of several antibody titers for different antibody functions between 5 subclinically infected individuals and 16 patients infected with seasonal H3N2 virus. For antibody titers before influenza virus exposure, we found that the nAb titers and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers against hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (NA) proteins in the subclinically infected individuals were significantly higher than those in the patients, whereas the NA inhibition titers and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activities did not significantly differ between subclinically infected individuals and infected patients. These results suggest that nAb and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers against hemagglutinin and NA serve as correlates of symptomatic influenza infection.
Molecular characterization of frog vocal neurons using constellation pharmacology (2020)

Identification and characterization of neuronal cell classes in motor circuits are essential for understanding the neural basis of behavior. It is a challenging task, especially in a non-genetic-model organism, to identify cell-specific expression of functional macromolecules. Here, we performed constellation pharmacology, calcium imaging of dissociated neurons to pharmacologically identify functional receptors expressed by vocal neurons in adult male and female African clawed frogs, <i>Xenopus laevis</i>. Previously we identified a population of vocal neurons called fast trill neurons (FTNs) in the amphibian parabrachial nucleus (PB) that express <i>N</i>-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and GABA and/or glycine receptors. Using constellation pharmacology, we identified four cell classes of putative fast trill neurons (pFTNs, responsive to both NMDA and GABA/glycine applications). We discovered that some pFTNs responded to the application of substance P (SP), acetylcholine (ACh), or both. Electrophysiological recordings obtained from FTNs using an ex vivo preparation verified that SP and/or ACh depolarize FTNs. Bilateral injection of ACh, SP, or their antagonists into PBs showed that ACh receptors are not sufficient but necessary for vocal production, and SP receptors play a role in shaping the morphology of vocalizations. Additionally, we discovered that the PB of adult female <i>X. laevis</i> also contains all the subclasses of neurons at a similar frequency as in males, despite their sexually distinct vocalizations. These results reveal novel neuromodulators that regulate <i>X. laevis</i> vocal production and demonstrate the power of constellation pharmacology in identifying the neuronal subtypes marked by functional expression of cell-specific receptors in non-genetic-model organisms.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Molecular profiles of neurons are critical for understanding the neuronal functions, but their identification is challenging especially in non-genetic-model organisms. Here, we characterized the functional expression of membrane macromolecules in vocal neurons of African clawed frogs, <i>Xenopus laevis</i>, using a technique called constellation pharmacology. We discovered that receptors for acetylcholine and/or substance P are expressed by some classes of vocal neurons, and their activation plays a role in the production of normal vocalizations.
Bioinformatics: A User's Perspective (2000)

This review provides an overview of bioinformatics from the user's point of view. Bioinformatics, defined as the application of computers, databases, and computational methods to the management of biologic information, is essential for almost every aspect of data management in modern biology. The rapid accumulation of genomic sequence information together with the wide availability of new technologies that analyze global gene expression patterns have created an information overload. Molecular biology labs are increasingly dependent on computers, large-capacity databases, search and analysis tools, and high-quality Internet connections. Currently available bioinformatics tools are discussed and a general approach is outlined. Using the resources and approaches in this review, readers should be able to form their own view of bioinformatics and tailor the solutions to the information overload according to their needs.