gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From compressive sampling to compressive tasking: retrieving semantics in compressed domain with low bandwidth (2022)

Abstract High-throughput imaging is highly desirable in intelligent analysis of computer vision tasks. In conventional design, throughput is limited by the separation between physical image capture and digital post processing. Computational imaging increases throughput by mixing analog and digital processing through the image capture pipeline. Yet, recent advances of computational imaging focus on the “compressive sampling”, this precludes the wide applications in practical tasks. This paper presents a systematic analysis of the next step for computational imaging built on snapshot compressive imaging (SCI) and semantic computer vision (SCV) tasks, which have independently emerged over the past decade as basic computational imaging platforms. SCI is a physical layer process that maximizes information capacity per sample while minimizing system size, power and cost. SCV is an abstraction layer process that analyzes image data as objects and features, rather than simple pixel maps. In current practice, SCI and SCV are independent and sequential. This concatenated pipeline results in the following problems: i ) a large amount of resources are spent on task-irrelevant computation and transmission, ii ) the sampling and design efficiency of SCI is attenuated, and iii ) the final performance of SCV is limited by the reconstruction errors of SCI. Bearing these concerns in mind, this paper takes one step further aiming to bridge the gap between SCI and SCV to take full advantage of both approaches. After reviewing the current status of SCI, we propose a novel joint framework by conducting SCV on raw measurements captured by SCI to select the region of interest, and then perform reconstruction on these regions to speed up processing time. We use our recently built SCI prototype to verify the framework. Preliminary results are presented and the prospects for a joint SCI and SCV regime are discussed. By conducting computer vision tasks in the compressed domain, we envision that a new era of snapshot compressive imaging with limited end-to-end bandwidth is coming.
Performance des emetteurs duobinaires pour la transmisión longue distance à 40Gb/s (2006)

National audience
Introduction to this special section: Machine learning applications (2019)

Since the last time The Leading Edge devoted a special section to “Data analytics and machine learning” in March 2017, the topic has continued to generate excitement in the field of exploration geophysics and beyond. Today, machine learning is finding new applications within a multitude of industries on an almost daily basis as companies invest heavily in this technology.
Impact of HIV-1 Vpu-mediated downregulation of CD48 on NK-cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (2023)

HIV-1 evades antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses not only by controlling Env conformation and quantity at the cell surface but also by altering NK cell activation via the downmodulation of several ligands of activating and co-activating NK cell receptors. The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family of receptors, which includes NTB-A and 2B4, act as co-activating receptors to sustain NK cell activation and cytotoxic responses. These receptors cooperate with CD16 (FcγRIII) and other activating receptors to trigger NK cell effector functions. In that context, Vpu-mediated downregulation of NTB-A on HIV-1-infected CD4 T cells was shown to prevent NK cell degranulation via an homophilic interaction, thus contributing to ADCC evasion. However, less is known on the capacity of HIV-1 to evade 2B4-mediated NK cell activation and ADCC. Here, we show that HIV-1 downregulates the ligand of 2B4, CD48, from the surface of infected cells in a Vpu-dependent manner. This activity is conserved among Vpu proteins from the HIV-1/SIVcpz lineage and depends on conserved residues located in its transmembrane domain and dual phosphoserine motif. We show that NTB-A and 2B4 stimulate CD16-mediated NK cell degranulation and contribute to ADCC responses directed to HIV-1-infected cells to the same extent. Our results suggest that HIV-1 has evolved to downmodulate the ligands of both SLAM receptors to evade ADCC. IMPORTANCE Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) can contribute to the elimination of HIV-1-infected cells and HIV-1 reservoirs. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms used by HIV-1 to evade ADCC might help develop novel approaches to reduce the viral reservoirs. Members of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family of receptors, such as NTB-A and 2B4, play a key role in stimulating NK cell effector functions, including ADCC. Here, we show that Vpu downmodulates CD48, the ligand of 2B4, and this contributes to protect HIV-1-infected cells from ADCC. Our results highlight the importance of the virus to prevent the triggering of the SLAM receptors to evade ADCC.
Regression-Based Cardiac Motion Prediction From Single-Phase CTA (2012)

State of the art cardiac computed tomography (CT) enables the acquisition of imaging data of the heart over the entire cardiac cycle at concurrent high spatial and temporal resolution. However, in clinical practice, acquisition is increasingly limited to 3-D images. Estimating the shape of the cardiac structures throughout the entire cardiac cycle from a 3-D image is therefore useful in applications such as the alignment of preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) to intra-operative X-ray images for improved guidance in coronary interventions. We hypothesize that the motion of the heart is partially explained by its shape and therefore investigate the use of three regression methods for motion estimation from single-phase shape information. Quantitative evaluation on 150 4-D CTA images showed a small, but statistically significant, increase in the accuracy of the predicted shape sequences when using any of the regression methods, compared to shape-independent motion prediction by application of the mean motion. The best results were achieved using principal component regression resulting in point-to-point errors of 2.3±0.5 mm, compared to values of 2.7±0.6 mm for shape-independent motion estimation. Finally, we showed that this significant difference withstands small variations in important parameter settings of the landmarking procedure.
Large‐Scale Transparent Molybdenum Disulfide Plasmonic Photodetector Using Split Bull Eye Structure (2018)

Abstract A high performance photodetector array on transparent substrate is highly sought after for enabling next‐generation imaging technology at the visible wavelengths. 2D materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) are attractive for such application owing to its superior optoelectronic properties and transparency when scaled to atomic thinness. Here, direct growth of MoS 2 on centimeter‐scale transparent Al 2 O 3 substrate is reported using a high yield and scalable chemical vapor deposition approach. This enables a large area photodetector array to be demonstrated, wherein aluminum split bull eye (SBE) plasmonic structure is integrated to achieve further performance boost due to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. For a wavelength of 405 nm, the plasmonic MoS 2 detector achieves an ultralow noise equivalent power of ≈6.2 × 10–14 W Hz −1/2 and a high responsivity of 7.26 A W −1 at a small bias of 1.0 V, which is more than 6× larger than the reference detector due to SPR effect. Finite‐difference time‐domain simulation confirms a higher concentration of optical field distribution at the center of the SBE structure, which is responsible for the enhancement of photocurrent and sensitivity even at low‐light condition.
Octa- and Nonanuclear Nickel(II) Polyoxometalate Clusters: Synthesis and Electrochemical and Magnetic Characterizations (2008)

Three high-nuclearity NiII-substituted polyoxometalate compounds functionalized by exogenous ligands have been synthesized and characterized. The octanuclear complexes in Na15[Na{(A-R-SiW9O34)Ni4(CH3COO)3(OH)3}2] . 4NaCl . 36H2O (1) and Na15[Na{(A-R-SiW9O34)Ni4(CH3COO)3(OH)2(N3)}2] . 32H2O (2) can be described as two {Ni4} subunits connected via a {Na(CH3COO)6} group, with the acetato ligands also ensuring in each subunit the connection between the paramagnetic centers. In 2, two azido groups replace two of the six mu-hydroxo ligands present in 1. The nonanuclear complex K7Na7[(A-R-SiW9O34)2Ni9(OH)6(H2O)6(CO3)3] . 42H2O (3) exhibits a double cubanestructure with two [(A-R-SiW9O34)Ni4(OH)3]5- subunits linked by three carbonato ligands. A ninth NiII center connected to one subunit via a carbonato ligand and a O=W group completes this asymmetric polyoxometalate.Electronic spectroscopy and electrochemical studies indicate that, while compounds 1-3 decompose in a pure aqueous medium, these complexes are very stable in a pH 6 acetate medium. The cyclic voltammetry pattern of each complex is constituted by a first eight-electron reduction wave followed by a second large-current intensity wave. The characteristics of the first waves of the complexes are clearly distinct from those obtained for their lacunary precursor [A-R-SiW9O34]10-, a feature that is due to the Ni centers in the complexes. Such observations of electroactive, stable, and highly nickel-rich polyoxometalates are not common. Measurements of the magnetic susceptibility revealed the occurrence of concomitant ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions in 1 and 3.For both of these compounds, the extension of the magnetic exchange has been determined by means of a spin Hamiltonian with three and four J constants, respectively.
Pirtobrutinib in Covalent Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Pretreated Mantle-Cell Lymphoma (2023)

Pirtobrutinib is a first-in-class novel noncovalent (reversible) BTKi and the first BTKi of any kind to demonstrate durable efficacy after prior cBTKi therapy in heavily pretreated R/R MCL. Pirtobrutinib was well tolerated with low rates of treatment discontinuation because of toxicity.
Unexpected Inflammatory Effects of Intravaginal Gels (Universal Placebo Gel and Nonoxynol-9) on the Upper Female Reproductive Tract: A Randomized Crossover Study (2015)

Intravaginal anti-HIV microbicides could provide women with a self-controlled means for HIV prevention, but results from clinical trials have been largely disappointing. We postulated that unrecognized effects of intravaginal gels on the upper female reproductive tract might contribute to the lower-than-expected efficacy of HIV microbicides. Our objective was to study the effects of intravaginal gels on the immune microenvironment of the cervix and uterus. In this randomized crossover study, 27 healthy female volunteers used a nightly application of intravaginal nonoxynol-9 (N9) gel as a "failed" microbicide or the universal placebo gel (UPG) as a "safe" gel (intervention cycles), or nothing (control cycle) from the end of menses to the mid-luteal phase. At a specific time-point following ovulation, all participants underwent sample collection for measurements of T-cell phenotypes, gene expression, and cytokine/chemokine protein concentrations from 3 anatomic sites above the vagina: the cervical transformation zone, the endocervix and the endometrium. We used hierarchical statistical models to estimate mean (95% CI) intervention effects, for N9 and UPG relative to control. Exposure to N9 gel and UPG generated a common "harm signal" that included transcriptional up-regulation of inflammatory genes chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (macrophage inflammatory factor-3alpha) and interleukin 8 in the cervix, decreased protein concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, and transcriptional up-regulation of inflammatory mediators glycodelin-A and osteopontin in the endometrium. These results need to be replicated with a larger sample, but underscore the need to consider the effects of microbicide agents and gel excipients on the upper female reproductive tract in studies of vaginal microbicides.
Tempest and typhoon (1998)

Future parallel computers must efficiently execute not only hand-coded applications but also programs written in high-level, parallel programming languages. Today's machines limit these programs to a single communication paradigm, either message-passing or shared-memory, which results in uneven performance. CThis paper addresses this problem by defining an interface, Tempesr. that exposes low-level communication and memory-system mechanisms so programmers and compilers can customize policies for a given application. 7j@oon is a proposed hardware platform that implements these mechanisms with a fully-programmable. user-level processor in the network interface. We demonstrate the utility of Tempest with two examples. First. the St&e protocol uses Tempest's finegrain access control mechanisms to manage part of a processor's local memory as a large, fully-associative cache for remote data. We simulated Typhoon on the Wisconsin Wind Tunnel and found that Stache running on Typhoon performs comparably (&30%) to an all-hardware DirNNB cache-coherence protocol for five shared-memory programs. Second, we illustrate how programmers or compilers can use Tempest's flexibility to exploit an application's sharing patterns with a custom protocol. For the EM3D application, the custom protocol improves performance up to 35% over the all-hardware protocol.
843 Crohn’s Strictures Open With Anti-Mycobacterial Antibiotic Therapy (AMAT): A Retrospective Review (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Approximately one third of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) will develop strictures within 10 years of diagnosis, commonly in the terminal ileum and ileocecal valve (ICV). Strictures often lead to abdominal pain, obstruction and are a risk factor for developing internal fistulae and cancer. Current treatment involves endoscopic balloon dilatation or strictureplasty. However, this may result in postoperative complications or recurrence. Recent evidence suggests that Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis may be a causative agent of CD and anti-mycobacterial antibiotic therapy (AMAT) has been shown to induce remission significantly better than placebo. The effects of AMAT on strictures has not been reported. AIM: To report the outcomes of AMAT in patients with CD and an ileal stricture/s. METHODS: This is a single centre retrospective (January 1995-December 2018) case review of patients diagnosed with CD, who had ileal stricture on colonoscopy and were treated with AMAT which comprised a combination of clarithromycin, rifabutin, and clofazimine, some with added ethambutol, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole or tinidazole. Symptoms, colonoscopy reports, biochemistry and concurrent medications were reviewed and recorded at pre-treatment and 6, 12, 18 and &gt;24 months on treatment. RESULTS: Forty-three patients (24 male, 16-56 yrs) with an average age of 31 yrs, and 5 yrs (0-27 yrs) after diagnosis were included. At pre-treatment, 17 patients had stricturing of the ICV, 25 had stricturing of the ileum and one had stricturing in both the ileum and ICV. Of the patients who had follow up colonoscopy data (N = 32), after &gt;24 months of AMAT, 22/32 patients (69%) had complete resolution and 2/32 patients had partial resolution of their strictures. Interestingly, after resolution of stricture on AMAT one patient ceased treatment. At 36 month follow up post cessation of AMAT the patient’s ileocecal stricture had returned. Further treatment with AMAT resulted in resolution of the stricture. CONCLUSION: AMAT for CD is effective in opening Crohn’s strictures avoiding the need for repeated dilatations or surgery. These observations suggest that stricturing in CD may be mediated by mycobacterial infection, as reported in tuberculosis strictures. To our knowledge, CD strictures have not previously been reported to open using medical therapy. Further prospective documentation is required to better define this positive effect of AMAT, including rate of resolution.
TagSense: Leveraging Smartphones for Automatic Image Tagging (2012)

Mobile phones are becoming the convergent platform for personal sensing, computing, and communication. This paper attempts to exploit this convergence toward the problem of automatic image tagging. We envision TagSense, a mobile phone-based collaborative system that senses the people, activity, and context in a picture, and merges them carefully to create tags on-the-fly. The main challenge pertains to discriminating phone users that are in the picture from those that are not. We deploy a prototype of TagSense on eight Android phones, and demonstrate its effectiveness through 200 pictures, taken in various social settings. While research in face recognition continues to improve image tagging, TagSense is an attempt to embrace additional dimensions of sensing toward this end goal. Performance comparison with Apple iPhoto and Google Picasa shows that such an out-of-band approach is valuable, especially with increasing device density and greater sophistication in sensing and learning algorithms.
A Comparative Analysis of Direct Democracy, Two Candidate Elections, and Three Candidate Elections in an Experimental Environment (1982)

This study explores the behavioral properties of two-candidate elections, three-candidate elections and large committees. The political processes were created under laboratory conditions that hold constant variables other than the decision rule. The core/equilibrium of a spatial model of competition is an accurate predictor of outcomes but the outcome variance is higher under three-candidate processes than it is under the other two. A poll tax is also studied.
Fabrication of CoCtrPt patterned media using an artificially assisted self-assembled mask and its application to information storage (2006)

Hard disk drives have been showing a 100% annual growth rate in areal recording density. In order to keep this rate in the future, we must overcome the thermal instability problem of the high-density magnetic recording media. Patterned media is a promising candidate for future high-density magnetic recording because it can improve thermal stability and reduce media transition noise. In this review a new method of fabricating patterned media with an artificially assisted self-assembled mask was described.
Supplementary Table 1 from Signaling and Transcriptional Changes Critical for Transformation of Human Cells by Simian Virus 40 Small Tumor Antigen or Protein Phosphatase 2A B56γ Knockdown (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Signaling and Transcriptional Changes Critical for Transformation of Human Cells by Simian Virus 40 Small Tumor Antigen or Protein Phosphatase 2A B56γ Knockdown
Oculoglandular Syndrome Caused by Francisella tularensis (1985)

Oculoglandular syndrome developed in a 9-year-old boy with a recent history of tick bites and minor eye trauma. Francisella tularensis was isolated on chemically supplemented chocolate agar from a swab of a conjunctival ulcer and an aspirate of a preauricular lymph node, confirming the diagnosis of tularemia. In addition, a rise in agglutination titer to the pathogen was detected in paired sera. The differential diagnosis of oculoglandular syndrome is discussed, with emphasis on the clinical characteristics which led to the diagnosis of tularemia.
INTERIM REPORT FROM A PHASE 2 MULTICENTER STUDY OF TAZEMETOSTAT, AN EZH2 INHIBITOR, IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY B‐CELL NON‐HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS (2017)

Background: New treatments with novel mechanisms of action are needed for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) DLBCL and FL. Because tumor cells may depend on the histone methyltransferase EZH2 to perpetuate a less-differentiated state, and activating mutations may be oncogenic drivers, tazemetostat, a potent, selective EZH2 inhibitor was developed. Tazemetostat shows antitumor activity in preclinical models and in a phase 1 study in patients (pts) with mutated or wild-type (wt) EZH2 tumours. This open-label, multicentre phase 2 study enrolled pts with either mutated or wt EZH2 R/R DLBCL or FL to determine efficacy and safety in 6 separate cohorts. Methods: Tazemetostat 800 mg is administered po BID. Tumour tissue is analysed prospectively to guide cohort assignment based on EZH2 hot spot activating mutations (Y646X, A682G, A692V) using a cobas® EZH2 Mutation Test (Roche Molecular Systems, in development). A 62-gene panel is used to assess tissue DNA and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) for biomarkers of tazemetostat sensitivity. Key inclusion criteria include: ≥18 yrs old; ≥2 prior treatment regimens; measurable disease; and adequate organ function. The primary endpoint is overall response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints include progression-free survival and safety/tolerability. Enrolment for monotherapy has been completed in 3 cohorts with wt EZH2 and is ongoing in 2 cohorts of mutant EZH2. Enrolment for a tazemetostat combination with prednisolone in wt EZH2 DLBCL was recently initiated. Results: As of Feb. 28, 2017, interim safety data are summarized from 165 DLBCL or FL pts with documented tazemetostat dosing. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events related to tazemetostat were reported in 18% of pts. The most common (>10%) adverse events across all grades were: nausea; thrombocytopenia; cough; diarrhoea; fatigue; and asthenia. Interim efficacy results are summarized from 149 pts (median: 3 prior therapies) and exclude ongoing pts who lack an on-study tumor assessment. The ORR (CR + PR) was 40% in pts with DLBCL with EZH2 mutations (N = 10), 18% in pts with DLBCL with wt EZH2 (N = 85), 63% in FL pts with EZH2 mutations (N = 8), and 28% in FL pts with wt EZH2 (N = 46). In the cohorts of EZH2 mutant FL and EZH2 wt FL, 38% and 30% of pts, respectively, remained on study with stable disease. Safety and efficacy data will be further updated at the conference. The genetic analysis of tumor biomarkers will be reported separately. Conclusion: This phase 2 interim assessment shows preliminary clinical activity of tazemetostat with a favourable safety profile in pts with R/R DLBCL and FL, with preferential benefit in pts whose tumours bear activating EZH2 mutations. Pts continue to be followed for tazemetostat treatment outcomes in light of previously reported observations that the onset of clinical response may be delayed and evolve over time from SD to PR and from PR to CR. Keywords: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); EZH2; follicular lymphoma (FL).
Enhancing the Update Procedure of Neuro - Fuzzy Modules Used for Multi-Sensor Navigation Systems (2006)

Land vehicles rely mainly on Global Positioning System (GPS) to provide its position with consistent accuracy. However, GPS receivers may encounter frequent GPS outages within urban areas where satellite signals are blocked. In order to overcome this problem, GPS is usually combined with inertial sensors (accelerometers and gyroscopes) mounted inside the vehicle to obtain a reliable navigation solution, especially during GPS outages. Neuro-fuzzy modules were used to fuse data from GPS and inertial sensors in real-time. This research optimizes the operation of these modules by implementing a temporal window-based cross-validation approach during the update procedure. A field test data was used to examine the performance of the proposed method and the results discuss the merits and the limitations of the proposed technique.
Study of high throughput EUV mask pattern inspection technologies using multi e-beam optics (2021)

TN5nm HVM where EUVL was implemented on started in the middle of 2020, but EUV mask pattern inspection is still not ready in terms of fully satisfying customers' requirements. There are three tool candidates; optical, actinic, and e-beam inspection. The E-beam tools have high resolution and sensitivity, but have a low throughput. To better address market requirements, NuFlare has optimized its multi e-beam optics to inspect EUV masks, and apply D2DB method into the e-beam tool to achieve the throughput target. We describe the latest results of verification about main technologies to achieve throughput required for EUV mask inspection.