gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination therapy with interferon-α 2b and ribavirin for the treatment of relapse patients and non-responders with chronic HCV infection (2001)

These data could not confirm the high rate of sustained responders in relapse patients. In addition we were only able to induce a sustained response in every tenth non-responder. These results might reflect the realistic sustained response rates in a non-biased European population of HCV-infected patients.
IL-2 production correlates with effector cell differentiation in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. (2006)

IL-2 production from antigen-specific CD8+ T cells correlates with effector cell differentiation of those cells.
Night vision goggle luminance disparity and the Pulfrich phenomenon (2004)

When night vision goggle (NVG) image intensifier tubes (I<sup>2</sup>Ts) are replaced during maintenance, the output luminances of the two channels must not exceed a ratio of 1.5 (brighter channel luminance divided by the dimmer channel luminance) in order to meet the current allowed binocular luminance disparity specification. Two studies were performed to investigate the validity of this requirement. The first study estimated thresholds of binocular luminance disparity detection for observers looking through NVGs. For eight observers, the 25% corrected-for-chance probability of detecting an ocular luminance difference, yielded an average ratio of 1.43 indicating that the current 1.5 specification is perhaps too loose. The second study investigated the Pulfrich phenomenon, a pseudo-stereo effect that can be induced by presenting luminance imbalances to the eyes. This study created NVG luminance imbalances using neutral density (ND) filters and then investigated whether or not the various imbalance levels were sufficient to cause the Pulfrich phenomenon to be perceived. Results indicated an imbalance ratio of 1.10 was insufficient to cause the effect to be seen, but a ratio of 1.26 was sufficient (p &le; 0.0003) for the effect to be seen, at least part of the time. Based on these results, it is apparent the allowed binocular luminance disparity ratio should probably be tightened to at least 1.3 with a goal of 1.2.
Tim-2 regulates T helper type 2 responses and autoimmunity (2005)

Identification of the T cell immunoglobulin mucin-domain containing (Tim) gene family introduced a new family of cell surface molecules that is involved in the regulation of immune responses. We previously demonstrated that Tim-3 is expressed on terminally differentiated T helper (Th)1 cells, and serves to regulate Th1 immune responses. Here, we describe the identification and function of Tim-2, a novel member of the Tim gene family. In contrast with Tim-3, we demonstrate that Tim-2 is expressed preferentially in differentiated Th2 cells. Blockade of the Tim-2/Tim-2 ligand interaction, by administration of soluble Tim-2 fusion protein (Tim-2 immunoglobulin [Ig]), results in T cell hyperproliferation and the production of Th2 cytokines. Administration of Tim-2 Ig during the induction phase reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a Th1-mediated autoimmune disease model of multiple sclerosis. We propose that Tim-2, an orthologue of human Tim-1, is critical for the regulation of Th2 responses during autoimmune inflammation.
Injectable hydrogels of optimized acellular nerve for injection in the injured spinal cord (2018)

Our data indicate that this novel injectable form of acellular nerve grafts is amenable for use after contusion SCI and may bolster a simultaneous therapy by acutely modulating the inflammatory milieu and supporting axonal growth.
A Case Study: Profiling Gas Production in the Tubing/Casing Annulus, Using Noise/Temperature Logging Techniques (2010)

Abstract To reduce liquid loading on multizone unconventional gas wells, tubing can be run to a depth below the lowest perforation interval. Gas flows down the tubing/casing annulus and flows up the tubing, eliminating liquid buildup. For production surveillance, this wellbore configuration is not conducive to obtaining conventional production logs. Conventional production profiling techniques involve repositioning the tubing string or removing it altogether. If the tubing remains in place during logging, the costs associated with pulling the tubing are eliminated; production is not suspended; and the risks associated with well control are reduced. Also by not modifying the wellbore configuration, fluid velocities are not affected and the log results more closely represent the actual production profile. Ideally the well should be logged without manipulating the tubing to provide a representative production profile. Noise/temperature logging has been used for many years to assist in locating sources of fluid flow behind casing. The use of this technique to obtain a pseudo or qualitative production-flow profile in the tubing/casing annulus was explored to enable the tubing to remain in the wellbore and obtain a measurement of the flow behind pipe. In the 1970s, tests where conducted to quantify wellbore inflow using noise logs. The research was recently used to evaluate numerous wells in western Canada with favorable results. This paper discusses the logging method and presents comparisons to profiling results from conventional production-logging techniques with emphasis on the cost savings to the operator.
Segmental Dynamics of Head-to-Head Polypropylene and Polyisobutylene in Their Blend and Pure Components (2005)

Segmental dynamics are measured in pure polyisobutylene (PIB), pure deuterium-labeled head-to-head poly(propylene) (hhPP), and a blend containing 70% PIB/30% hhPP by mass using 13C spin−lattice relaxation, 2H spin−lattice relaxation, and dielectric spectroscopy (DS). The NMR measurements are made between 313 K and 413 K (spin−lattice relaxation measurements are sensitive to motions in the nanosecond range), while the DS measurements (which span the second to microsecond range) are made between 225 K and 325 K. While NMR and DS monitor local dynamics over a wide range of temperature and time, NMR has the additional advantage of being able to determine the local motion of each component in the blend through isotopic labeling. The spin−lattice relaxation data are interpreted using a modified Kohlrausch−Williams−Watts (KWW) correlation function with a Vogel−Fulcher−Tammann−Hesse (VFTH) temperature dependence of relaxation time, giving temperature-dependent segmental correlation times from NMR in the short time (high temperature) range that are compared to dielectric segmental correlation times at lower temperatures. Because of the small PIB dipole moment, DS on hhPP/PIB blends is dominated by the dynamics of hhPP. NMR measurements show very little shift in the component dynamics upon blending, but the shift becomes larger at lower temperatures. One factor in the variation of the separation between the dynamics of the two polymers with temperature is the unusual VFTH parameters for pure PIB, which signify its small fragility. The Lodge−McLeish model is unsuccessful in predicting the changes in component dynamics upon blending for hhPP, while it describes the temperature-dependent dynamics of PIB over the limited temperature range studied by NMR.
Feasibility of millimeter wave diagnostics for coal conversion and combustion systems (1986)

The millimeter wave portion (30-300 GHz) of the electromagnetic spectrum, lying between the microwave and infrared regions, holds great potential for process diagnostics. In this report, the feasibility of millimeter wave (MMW) techniques is discussed for in-situ diagnostics of particulate-laden multiphase streams in coal conversion and combustion reactors/vessels. The techniques investigated include MMW spectroscopy for determination of molecular species and gas-phase temperature, MMW radiometry for particle-temperature measurement, and MMW scattering for particle characterization. each technique is scopes from the standpoint of its applicability to coal utilization systems. Parameters effecting the feasibility of millimeter wave diagnostics are clearly identified, and their ranges of applicability discussed. The assessment of feasibility is based on data obtained from the literature, handbooks, etc., theoretical calculations and estimates made using available theory, or on the development of simple models. The determination of some majority molecular species and gas-phase temperature using MMW spectroscopy appears marginally feasible in atmospheric-pressure combustors. The particle-temperature measurement using MMW radiometry appears very feasible in the reactors of coal conversion and combustion system. In order for the millimeter waves to penetrate the entire thickness of particulates in a reactor vessel, the particle concentration must be somewhat low (10/sup 8/ to 10/sup 9/ particles/m/supmore » 3/ of 100..mu.. size). Particle characterization - determining particle size, size distribution, and concentration - also appears feasible if the particle concentration is low. 28 refs., 12 figs., 4 tabs.« less
First workshop on targeting and ranking for online advertising (2008)

Online advertising is a rapidly growing, multi-billion dollar industry. It has become a significant element of the Web browsing experience. Online advertising providers use sophisticated ad targeting and ranking algorithms with the dual aim of maximizing revenue while providing a superior user experience. As a result, advertising optimization is a very complex research problem, since it combines relevance with user interaction models, advertiser valuations, and commercial constraints. Online advertising integrates a number of core research areas: machine learning, data mining, search, auction theory, and user modeling.
Funky wall (2008)

In our studies aimed at understanding design practice we have identified the creation of mood boards as a relevant task for designers. In this paper we introduce an interactive wall-mounted display system that supports the presentation of mood boards. The system allows designers to easily record their mood board presentations while capturing the richness of their individual presentation skills and style. Designers and clients can play back, explore and comment on different aspects of the presentation using an intuitive and flexible interaction based on hand gestures thus supporting two-way communication. The system records the presentation and organizes it into three information layers (i.e. gesture, sound and visuals), which are first used to segment the presentation into meaningful parts, and later for playback. Exploratory evaluations show that designers are able to use the system with no prior training, and see a practical use of the proposed system in their design studios.
Load invariant sensorless control of a SRM drive using high frequency signal injection (2004)

This work presents a load invariant position estimation technique for switched reluctance machine (SRM) drives based on high frequency signal injection methods. A high frequency rotating voltage vector is superimposed on the main excitation. The spatial saliency information is extracted using synchronous reference frame filtering. A robust position estimate is achieved by using an observer to track the spatial saliency. The theoretical spatial saliencies for a three-phase SRM can be derived using the doubly salient model of the machine. The proposed method is capable of providing continuous dynamic position estimation from zero to mid-range speeds with negligible load dependency.
Carpal Instability Non-Dissociative (1994)

A retrospective study of 45 patients with symptoms of wrist pain and weakness with clinical evidence of instability is presented. These patients had normal intrinsic interosseous ligaments demonstrated arthrographically or surgically. They were followed for a minimum of 18 months and an average of 5.8 years. All patients demonstrated instability of the proximal carpal row which is referred to as carpal instability non-dissociative (CIND). Seven patients were treated non-operatively and 38 were treated operatively. Surgical management consisted of soft tissue reconstruction directed at the area of instability in 34 cases, joint levelling osteotomy in six, three of whom also had soft tissue reconstructions, and mid-carpal fusion in one. The overall good and excellent results were a disappointing 56% and there was no significant difference between the non-surgical and surgical groups. The best results were found in the ulna-minus CIND patients who underwent a joint levelling osteotomy, with 83% good and excellent results. CIND is associated with extrinsic ligamentous laxity; however, significant difficulty exists in locating the precise areas of maximum pathology. This accounts for the unpredictable results of treatment. As our understanding of the pathomechanics of CIND improves, the treatment will become more specific and the results should improve.
Experimental Demonstration of 400-Gbit/s Free-Space Mode-Division-Multiplexing by Varying Both Indices when using Four Laguerre-Gaussian Modes or Four Hermite-Gaussian Modes (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate a 400-Gbit/s mode-division-multiplexed free-space-optical communication link using four Laguerre-Gaussian modes or four Hermite-Gaussian modes, achieving a power penalty < 4 dB. The influence of displacement and rotation on system performance is investigated.
Steady-state nitrogen-limited algal growth -a chemical engineering approach (1984)

The steady-state, nitrate-limited growth of Chlorella vulgaris was studied using continuously illuminated chemostats, a synthetic effluent, and inlet nitrate-nitrogen concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mg/L. Significant proportions of utilised nitrate (up to 40%) were not incorporated into algal biomass but converted to extracellular nitrogen. A model of nitrogen-limited algal growth, based upon empirical growth relationships of intra- and extracellular-nitrogen and growth yield is proposed. The model gives a good description of the effect of dilution rate and inlet nitrogen concentration upon the algal concentration, and the fraction and rate of inlet nitrogen incorporated into algal biomass.
Heat-killed Limosilactobacillus reuteri PSC102 Ameliorates Impaired Immunity in Cyclophosphamide-induced Immunosuppressed Mice (2022)

The immune functions of heat-killed <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</i> PSC102 (hLR) were investigated in cyclophosphamide (CP)-treated immunosuppressed mice. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, CP group, CP treated with levamisole (positive control group), and CP treated with low- and high-dose hLR. After receiving the samples for 21 days, mice were sacrificed, and different parameters, such as immune organ index, immune blood cells, splenocyte proliferation, lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokines, and immunoglobulins, were analyzed. Results showed that the immune organ (thymus and spleen) indices of hLR treatment groups were significantly increased compared to the CP group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). hLR administration prevented CP-induced reduction in the numbers of white blood cells, lymphocytes, midrange absolute, and granulocytes, providing supporting evidence for hematopoietic activities. Splenocyte proliferation and T-lymphocyte (CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup>) subpopulations were also significantly augmented in mice treated with hLR compared to the CP group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Moreover, Th1-type [interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α] and Th2-type (IL-4 and IL-10) immune factors and immunoglobulin (IgG) showed significant increasing trends (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, the other proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) were also significantly elevated (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Taken together, this investigation suggested that orally administered hLR could recover immunosuppression caused by CP and be considered a potential immunostimulatory agent for the treatment of immunosuppressive disorders.
IL-18 Promotes Type 1 Cytokine Production from NK Cells and T Cells in Human Intracellular Infection (1999)

We investigated the role of IL-18 in leprosy, a disease characterized by polar cytokine responses that correlate with clinical disease. In vivo, IL-18 mRNA expression was higher in lesions from resistant tuberculoid as compared with susceptible lepromatous patients, and, in vitro, monocytes produced IL-18 in response to Mycobacterium leprae. rIL-18 augmented M. leprae-induced IFN-gamma in tuberculoid patients, but not lepromatous patients, while IL-4 production was not induced by IL-18. Anti-IL-12 partially inhibited M. leprae-induced release of IFN-gamma in the presence of IL-18, suggesting a combined effect of IL-12 and IL-18 in promoting M. leprae-specific type 1 responses. IL-18 enhanced M. leprae-induced IFN-gamma production rapidly (24 h) by NK cells and in a more sustained manner (5 days) by T cells. Finally, IL-18 directly induced IFN-gamma production from mycobacteria-reactive T cell clones. These results suggest that IL-18 induces type 1 cytokine responses in the host defense against intracellular infection.
The Use of Hirudin as Universal Anticoagulant in Haematology, Clinical Chemistry and Blood Grouping (2001)

Undesirable interactions between anticoagulants and diagnostic test kit procedures so far have prevented the development of a single uniform blood sampling tube. Contrary to K2-EDTA, heparin and other anticoagulants, hirudin only minimally alters blood cells and dissolved blood constituents, thus qualifying as a universal anticoagulant for diagnostic purposes. Automated complete blood counts, automated analyses of clinical chemistry analytes and immunohaematology were performed from hirudinised and routinely processed blood obtained from healthy volunteers (n=35) and hospitalised patients (n=45). Hirudin (400 ATU/ml blood) sufficiently anticoagulated blood for diagnostic purposes. The measurements of automated complete blood counts obtained from K2-EDTA-anticoagulated and hirudinised blood correlated significantly as did the measurements of 24 clinical chemistry analytes from hirudinised plasma and serum. Regression analysis revealed that the results of complete blood counts and clinical chemistry tests were predictable from the respective measurements from hirudinised blood (p=0.001). Immunohaematological tests and cross-matching from hirudinised and native blood of the same donors gave identical results. Single clotting factors, but not global coagulation analytes, could be measured from hirudinised blood. Therefore, a universal hirudin-containing blood sampling tube could be designed for automated analysis of haematological, serological and clinical chemistry analytes.
Tremorgenic Mycotoxins: Structure Diversity and Biological Activity (2019)

Indole-diterpenes are an important class of chemical compounds which can be unique to different fungal species. The highly complex lolitrem compounds are confined to <i>Epichloë</i> species, whilst penitrem production is confined to <i>Penicillium</i> spp. and <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. These fungal species are often present in association with pasture grasses, and the indole-diterpenes produced may cause toxicity in grazing animals. In this review, we highlight the unique structural variations of indole-diterpenes that are characterised into subgroups, including paspaline, paxilline, shearinines, paspalitrems, terpendoles, penitrems, lolitrems, janthitrems, and sulpinines. A detailed description of the unique biological activities has been documented where even structurally related compounds have displayed unique biological activities. Indole-diterpene production has been reported in two classes of ascomycete fungi, namely Eurotiomycetes (e.g., <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Penicillium</i>) and Sordariomycetes (e.g., <i>Claviceps</i> and <i>Epichloë</i>). These compounds all have a common structural core comprised of a cyclic diterpene skeleton derived from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and an indole moiety derived from tryptophan. Structure diversity is generated from the enzymatic conversion of different sites on the basic indole-diterpene structure. This review highlights the wide-ranging biological versatility presented by the indole-diterpene group of compounds and their role in an agricultural and pharmaceutical setting.
Abstract 1891: Oncogenic MDM2-containing exosomes promote pre-metastatic niche establishment (2019)

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have an important role in the communication between cells for their ability to transfer proteins and other biologically active molecules. EVs have been also described to have unique functions during pre-metastatic niche establishment and maintenance. MDM2 oncoprotein is the best-characterized cellular antagonist of p53 and its amplification is one of the most known mechanisms for tumor development. MDM2 amplification occurs in more than forty different types of malignancies and in 100% of well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS). Retroperitoneal DDLPS is especially concerning given its propensity for multifocal local and distant recurrence, accounting for an overall survival rate of 10% at 10 years. Here, we show the presence of MDM2 in tumor EVs and specifically in both DDLPS cell line-derived EVs and patient-serum EVs. We also show the ability of MDM2-cargo to be transferred to recipient preadipocytes. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that this transfer is able to promote a pre-metastatic niche establishment in the DDLPS tumor microenvironment fat bearing areas, inducing: (I) tumor associated phenotype such as enhanced proliferation and migration, in the recipient preadipocytes, by downregulation of MDM2 downstream pathway; (II) pro-inflammatory phenotype through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8; (III) release of active metalloproteinases such as MMP2 which is crucial for the invasiveness of many disseminating tumors. In conclusion here we report the presence of MDM2, in the patient circulation; importantly showing that MDM2 triggers the release of active MMP-2, we also propose a possible mechanism for pre-metastatic niche establishment and DDLPS multifocal loco-regional recurrence. Citation Format: Lucia Casadei, Federica Calore, Ameya Deshmukh, Abeba Zewdu, Danielle A. Braggio, Paolo Fadda, Martin Wabitsch, Gonzalo Lopez, Jennifer Leight, Dina Lev, Carlo M. Croce, Raphael E. Pollock. Oncogenic MDM2-containing exosomes promote pre-metastatic niche establishment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1891.
Decreased expression of human class II antigens on monocytes from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Increased expression with interferon-gamma. (1984)

The expression of HLA-DR (a class II histocompatibility antigen) on monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of normal individuals and patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was investigated by the use of dual fluorescent staining and cytofluorometry. In animal models the absence of class II positive monocytes is linked to a failure of T cells to respond to antigens. We now report that patients with AIDS have a paucity of HLA-DR+ monocytes. The percentage of HLA-DR+ monocytes among eight normal individuals ranged from 49.3 to 95.0%+, and only one individual had less than 50% HLA-DR+ monocytes. HLA-DR expression on monocytes from homosexual male patients with lymphadenopathy was similar to that of normal subjects (range, 58.0 to 97.4%+). In contrast, seven of nine patients with AIDS had less than 50% HLA-DR+ monocytes (range, 13.4 to 78.8%+). The in vitro incubation of monocytes from AIDS patients with cloned human interferon-gamma resulted in an increase of the expression of HLA-DR to near normal levels.