gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guess-Averse Loss Functions For Cost-Sensitive Multiclass Boosting (2014)

The comparisons of two different methods of donor nephrectomy were performed in this study. Fisher inbred rats were used as donors and recipients of kidneys. In method A (the conventional technique), meticulous blunt dissection of the abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, and renal arteries/veins, was followed by ligating and cutting the superior mesenteric artery and small vessels entering the above vessels. Both donor kidneys were irrigated after the suprarenal aorta and inferior vena cava were cross-clamped (n = 10). In method B, donor rats were systematically irrigated by infrarenal aorta catheterization following laparotomy, then the vessels were sharply mobilized using a pair of microscissors to directly cut the fat and adherent connective tissues away from the edge of the vessels (n = 10). Isotransplantation was performed by end-to-side anastomosis of the blood vessels and end-to-end anastomosis of the ureters. Irrigating the donor kidney before dissection provided a clear visual field, reduced the operation time (37.50 ± 6.84 versus 68.30 ± 11.53 minutes, p < 0.001), facilitated the dissection of vessels, and reduced the risk of vasospasm (5 out of 19 versus 0 out of 18, p < 0.05). This study has demonstrated the proposed technique is fast and safe, and may be useful in research of renal transplantation in the rat model.
Nonlinear Self-Interference Cancellation for Full-Duplex Radios: From Link- and System-Level Performance Perspectives (2016)

One of the promising technologies for LTE Evolution is full-duplex radio, an innovation is expected to double the spectral efficiency. To realize full-duplex in practice, the main challenge is overcoming self-interference, and to do so, researchers have developed self-interference cancellation techniques. Since most wireless transceivers use power amplifiers, especially in cellular systems, researchers have revealed the importance of nonlinear self-interference cancellation. In this article, we first explore several nonlinear digital self-interference cancellation techniques. We then propose a low complexity pre-calibration-based nonlinear digital self-interference cancellation technique. Next we discuss issues about reference signal allocation and the overhead of each technique. For performance evaluations, we carry out extensive measurements through a real-time prototype and link-/system-level simulations. For link-level analysis, we measure the amount of cancelled self-interference for each technique. We also evaluate system-level performances through 3D ray-tracing-based simulations. Numerical results confirm the significant performance improvement over a half-duplex system even in interference-limited indoor environments.
Controlled Growth of High-Index Faceted Nanoparticles Using the Gas Phase Environmental Cell TEM (2022)

Journal Article Controlled Growth of High-Index Faceted Nanoparticles Using the Gas Phase Environmental Cell TEM Get access Kunmo Koo, Kunmo Koo Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United StatesThe NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Stephanie M Ribet, Stephanie M Ribet Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United StatesInternational Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Roberto dos Reis, Roberto dos Reis Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United StatesThe NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United StatesInternational Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Xiaobing Hu, Xiaobing Hu Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United StatesThe NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States Corresponding author: xbhu@northwestern.edu, v-dravid@northwestern.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Vinayak P Dravid Vinayak P Dravid Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United StatesThe NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United StatesInternational Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States Corresponding author: xbhu@northwestern.edu, v-dravid@northwestern.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 28, Issue S1, 1 August 2022, Pages 180–182, https://doi.org/10.1017/S143192762200160X Published: 01 August 2022
VIREL: A Variational Inference Framework for Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Applying probabilistic models to reinforcement learning (RL) enables the uses of powerful optimisation tools such as variational inference in RL. However, existing inference frameworks and their algorithms pose significant challenges for learning optimal policies, e.g., the lack of mode capturing behaviour in pseudo-likelihood methods, difficulties learning deterministic policies in maximum entropy RL based approaches, and a lack of analysis when function approximators are used. We propose VIREL, a theoretically grounded probabilistic inference framework for RL that utilises a parametrised action-value function to summarise future dynamics of the underlying MDP, generalising existing approaches. VIREL also benefits from a mode-seeking form of KL divergence, the ability to learn deterministic optimal polices naturally from inference, and the ability to optimise value functions and policies in separate, iterative steps. In applying variational expectation-maximisation to VIREL, we thus show that the actor-critic algorithm can be reduced to expectation-maximisation, with policy improvement equivalent to an E-step and policy evaluation to an M-step. We then derive a family of actor-critic methods fromVIREL, including a scheme for adaptive exploration. Finally, we demonstrate that actor-critic algorithms from this family outperform state-of-the-art methods based on soft value functions in several domains.
[Lovastatin in the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia]. (1991)

The results of 12 weeks treatment of primary hyperlipidemias with Lovastatin are presented. This drug belonging to a new generation of hypercholesterolemic drugs inhibits the endogenous synthesis of cholesterol by means of inhibiting the HMG-CoA reductase. The sample consisted of 30 men aged 28-68 years: in 17 of them heterozygotic familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) was diagnosed and in 13--primary non familial hypercholesterolemia (NFH). After 12 weeks of treatment in both groups a significant reduction of total serum cholesterol concentration was observed--(-28%) and--(-32%) as well as LDL-cholesterol concentration (in both groups about -37%) and apo B concentration--(-32%) and -34%. Only in one patients with NFH a significant reduction of VLDL-cholesterol (-29%) and or triglycerides (-15%) concentrations was observed. In this group also a 9% increase of HLD-cholesterol, mainly HDL-2 concentration, was found. Side effects were observed in 6 patients--in 4 of them a minor increase of ALAT, AsPAT or CPK activities (less than 3 times above norm were observed) without any symptoms and with a spontaneous normalization with no need to stop treatment, and in 2 of them abdominal pains not causing drug treatment cessation.
Finding errors in .net with feedback-directed random testing (2008)

We present a case study in which a team of test engineers at Microsoft applied a feedback-directed random testing tool to a critical component of the .NET architecture. Due to its complexity and high reliability requirements, the component had already been tested by 40 test engineers over five years, using manual testing and many automated testing techniques.
Copy of Fluorescent Hyperspectral Imaging of Biological Samples: Evaluating the sensitivity of our quantitative measurement. (2008)

Abstract not provided.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile, Selective KF/Al2O3 Mediated Method for the Deprotection of Aryl Silyl Ethers and Preparation of Aryl SEM Ethers. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Wind Speed and Power Characteristics at Different Heights for a Wind Data Collection Tower in Saudi Arabia (2011)

Small power plants of cogeneration of power, heat and cooling are good solutions of increasing the efficiency of energy consumption for fossil fuels in order to protect natural resources and the environment.However, at moments when heat demand is lower than the heat production of the CHP module, the excess heat has to be rejected to the environment and this fact results in waste of energy.Also, since CHP modules are basically heat driven, when heat demand is lower than a certain value, the module will be switched off just to be switched on later when heat demand increases.This cycle of switching on and off is harmful for the CHP module if it happens repeatedly.A solution is to use heat storage and an alternative control method.In this paper, a CHP system is chosen for an educational building and the design is carried out in two forms, with and without heat storage and the results are compared and judgment is made about the optimal system.
Transfer of Supervision for Improved Address Standardization (2010)

Address Cleansing is very challenging, particularly for geographies with variability in writing addresses. Supervised learners can be easily trained for different data sources. However, training requires labeling large corpora for each data source which is time consuming and labor intensive to create. We propose a method to automatically transfer supervision from a given labeled source to a target unlabeled source using a hierarchical dirichlet process. Each dirichlet process models data from one source. The shared component distribution across these dirichlet processes captures the semantic relation between data sources. A feature projection on the component distributions from multiple sources is used to transfer supervision.
Syringe‐dispensed omega‐3 lipid injectable emulsions should be stored under airtight refrigeration: A proposal for the efficient supply of unapproved precious lipid resources (2022)

Syringe-dispensed FO-ILE and MO-ILE stored under airtight refrigeration remained undeteriorated for 14 days. Our results are considered clinically valuable when supplying these expensive resources for infants with IF.
ChemInform Abstract: Crellastatin A: A Cytotoxic Bis‐Steroid Sulfate from the Vanuatu Marine Sponge Crella sp. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mouse Model of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome Caused by Endotoxin-Free Shiga Toxin 2 (Stx2) and Protection from Lethal Outcome by Anti-Stx2 Antibody (2008)

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) results from infection by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli and is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children. We have developed a mouse model of HUS by administering endotoxin-free Stx2 in multiple doses over 7 to 8 days. At sacrifice, moribund animals demonstrated signs of HUS: increased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, proteinuria, deposition of fibrin(ogen), glomerular endothelial damage, hemolysis, leukocytopenia, and neutrophilia. Increased expression of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines in the sera of Stx2-treated mice indicated a systemic inflammatory response. Currently, specific therapeutics for HUS are lacking, and therapy for patients is primarily supportive. Mice that received 11E10, a monoclonal anti-Stx2 antibody, 4 days after starting injections of Stx2 recovered fully, displaying normal renal function and normal levels of neutrophils and lymphocytes. In addition, these mice showed decreased fibrin(ogen) deposition and expression of proinflammatory mediators compared to those of Stx2-treated mice in the absence of antibody. These results indicate that, when performed during progression of HUS, passive immunization of mice with anti-Stx2 antibody prevented the lethal effects of Stx2.
Gas Absorption into Liquid Jet Containing Small Solute Bubbles (1976)

A liquid jet in which small solute bubbles are dispersed through a gas sucking type bubble generator is termed a “liquid jet containing small solute bubbles”. The performance of this liquid jet has been investigated.In the present work, the specific gas-liquid interfacial area a and the liquid phase mass transfer coefficient K-L of this liquid jet were measured; it was found that these were considerably larger than those of packed column, gas bubble column and agitated vessel. Thus it became clear that this liquid jet had a very high performance.Then, using Kolmogoroff's theory concerning locally isotropic turbulence, the mean diameter of bubble d0 and the volumetric flow rate QG of sucked gas in the bubble generator which are important factors of a were expressed theoretically as a function of the energy loss εb per unit volume of liquid in the bubble generator.Inducing a bubble coalescence model based on a concept of reaction kinetics, bubble coalescence in the liquid jet was analyzed and the relation between a mean volume-surface diameter dBM of bubble in the liquid jet and εb was discussed. These theoretical results were in good agreement with experimental results.
Radiosensitization of glioma cells with the curcumin analogs EF24 and EF31 (2008)

411 Outcomes for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain poor despite aggressive multimodality therapy. Normal tissue constraints generally preclude further dose escalation with radiation. Therefore, agents that can modify the sensitivity of these tumors to radiation may prove useful clinically in the management of these patients. Curcumin, a major component of tumeric, is used as a spice to give the flavor and yellow coloring to curry. It has been used in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments. Multiple groups have found that curcumin has anti-neoplastic and anti-angiogenic activities. However, while curcumin’s safety is illustrated by its longstanding use in foods, its relatively low potency and poor absorption characteristics limits its clinical development. EF24 and EF31 were developed as synthetic curcumin analogs that display significantly greater potency than the parental compound as anti-cancer agents when screened against a variety of tumor cell lines. We have previously shown that these analogs can function as general kinase inhibitors. Since inappropriate activation of various signal transduction pathways often contribute to resistance to cytotoxic therapies including radiation, we tested whether these agents could radiosensitize glioma cells. We utilized the LN229 glioma cell line that has been engineered to overexpress EGFRvIII (LNvIII), a mutant form of this receptor tyrosine kinase that show constitutive activity and is often seen in GBMs, as well as the corresponding vector control (LNpuro). EF24 (100 nM) and EF31 (10 nM) were used to assess in vitro radiosensitizing activity in the LNpuro and LNvIII cell lines. These drug levels were chosen based on inhibition of growth in the absence of radiation (inhibited clonogenicity by
Sildenafil Promotes eNOS Activation and Inhibits NADPH Oxidase in the Transgenic Sickle Cell Mouse Penis (2013)

Our findings that sildenafil enhances eNOS activation and inhibits NADPH oxidase function in the sickle cell mouse penis offers a vasculoprotective molecular basis for the therapeutic effect of sildenafil in the penis in association with SCD.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF LITHIUM DIMETHYLCUPRATE WITH C6H6MN(CO)3+. OBSERVATION OF METHYL GROUP MIGRATION FROM MANGANESE TO THE ARENE RING IN C6H6(CO)2MNME (1983)

Abstract Im Gegensatz zu der Reaktion von MeLi mit dem Ausgangskomplex (II) zu 6‐exo‐ Methylcyclohexadienyl‐Mn(CO)3 liefert die Umsetzung mit Li‐dimethylcuprat abhängig von der Temperatur die Verbindungen (I) bzw. (III) und bietet damit einen einfachen synthetischen Zugang zu Alkyl‐ und Acy1‐carbonyl‐benzol‐Mn‐Komplexen in Analogie zu Ferrocenen.
Sequence-based prediction of the solubility of peptides containing non-natural amino acids (2023)

Abstract Non-natural amino acids are increasingly used as building blocks in the development of peptide-based drugs, as they expand the available chemical space to tailor function, half-life and other key properties. However, while the chemical space of modified amino acids (mAAs) is potentially vast, experimental methods for measuring the developability properties of mAA-containing peptides are expensive and time consuming. To facilitate developability programs through computational methods, we present CamSol-PTM, a method that enables the fast and reliable sequence-based prediction of the solubility of mAA-containing peptides. From a computational screening of 50,000 mAA-containing variants of three peptides, we selected five different mAAs for a total number of 30 peptide variants for experimental validation. We demonstrate the accuracy of the predictions by comparing the calculated and experimental solubility values. Our results indicate that the computational screening of mAA-containing peptides can extend by over four orders of magnitude the ability to explore the solubility chemical space of peptides. This method is available as a web server at https://www-cohsoftware.ch.cam.ac.uk/index.php/camsolptm .
Performance of Phase Change Materials in a Horizontal Annulus of a Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger in a Water-Circulating Loop (2006)

Phase change materials (PCMs) are used in applications where temperature regulation is important because they absorb and release a large amount of energy at a fixed temperature. In the experimental part of this investigation, PCM was placed in the annular region of a double-pipe heat exchanger with water circulated in the inside pipe. Experiments were performed in which the PCM would absorb (charge) and then release (discharge) energy at various temperatures and water flows. Two materials, Climsel 28 (C28) by Climator and microencapsulated Thermasorb 83 (TY83) by Outlast Technologies, were each tested in smooth and spined annuli to observe which configuration facilitated heat transfer. The latent heats and thermal conductivities of C28 and TY83 are 126kJ∕kg and 186kJ∕kg and 0.6W∕m∕°C and 0.15W∕m∕°C, respectively. The experimental data were analyzed to verify which PCM transferred more heat. The effect of different water flow rates on the heat transfer rate was also examined. In the theoretical part of this investigation, heat transfer theory was applied to C28 in the smooth-piped heat exchanger in order to better understand the phase change process. The presence of spined fins in the phase change material accelerated charging and discharging due to increased fin contact with the outer layers of the PCM. The spined heat exchanger charged and discharged in 180min and 120min, respectively, whereas the temperature in the smooth heat exchanger remained below the fully charged/fully discharged asymptote by about 3°C and thus failed to fully charge or fully discharge. Also, higher water flows increased heat transfer between the PCM and water. TY83 in the spined heat exchanger transferred more heat and did it faster than C28 in the spined heat exchanger. The heat transfer rate from the water to TY83 while charging was 25% greater during the transient period than in C28. While discharging, the heat transfer from TY83 to the water was about 20% greater than in C28. There was generally good agreement (±1.5°C) between theory and experimental data of C28 in the smooth-piped heat exchanger in terms of the trends of the temperature responses. The differences are expected to be a result of approximations in boundary conditions and uncertainties in how the temperature variation of the specific heat is formulated.
Use of spatial light modulators in FM reticle trackers (1990)

Advances in spatial light modulator (SLM) technology have resuited in an active search for signal processing algorithms for use with SLMs in incoherent electro-optical systems. This paper presents an effective means of generating tracking algorithms for locating small targets with a single detector using FM reticle theory. A simple "barrel transformation" of a spinning FM reticle pattern to an SLM is shown to allow tracking systems to be constructed with solid state devices and avoids the need for moving parts. Also, SLMs allow the FM patterns to change over time, allowing adaptive interrogation of targets in a particular region of a system's field of view.
The Membrane Phospholipid Binding Protein Annexin A2 Promotes Phagocytosis and Nonlytic Exocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans and Impacts Survival in Fungal Infection (2016)

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen with a unique intracellular pathogenic strategy that includes nonlytic exocytosis, a phenomenon whereby fungal cells are expunged from macrophages without lysing the host cell. The exact mechanism and specific proteins involved in this process have yet to be completely defined. Using murine macrophages deficient in the membrane phospholipid binding protein, annexin A2 (ANXA2), we observed a significant decrease in both phagocytosis of yeast cells and the frequency of nonlytic exocytosis. Cryptococcal cells isolated from Anxa2-deficient (Anxa2(-/-)) bone marrow-derived macrophages and lung parenchyma displayed significantly larger capsules than those isolated from wild-type macrophages and tissues. Concomitantly, we observed significant differences in the amount of reactive oxygen species produced between Anxa2(-/-) and Anxa2(+/+) macrophages. Despite comparable fungal burden, Anxa2(-/-) mice died more rapidly than wild-type mice when infected with C. neoformans, and Anxa2(-/-) mice exhibited enhanced inflammatory responses, suggesting that the reduced survival reflected greater immune-mediated damage. Together, these findings suggest a role for ANXA2 in the control of cryptococcal infection, macrophage function, and fungal morphology.
Radiation characteristics of small antennas on small UAV platforms (2004)

There is an increasing interest in direction finding (DF) systems operating at VHF low-frequency ranges (30-90 MHz) and at high depression angles for small unmanned airborne vehicle (UAV) platforms. Conventional half-wave dipoles and loops are too large to be aerodynamically compliant on a small UAV. Since the platform dimension is of the order of a wavelength of the electromagnetic waves, the radiation characteristics of the antenna systems (small antenna/small platform) exhibit greater complexity than those of the freespace counterparts. The paper describes a robust and practical procedure to evaluate the scattering of electrically small antennas on small UAV platforms. The agreement between measurements and theory for the return loss and radiation patterns of a blade monopole antenna on an AAI Shadow UAV substantiates that its graphite epoxy wing is conductive and can be modeled as a perfect electrical conductor (PEC).