gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of genes associated with neural development in puppies as indicated by MRI (2008)

Microscopic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 78 (Age = 1 year) beagle puppies as a non‐invasive means to determine relative amounts of grey and white brain matter. The fifteen puppies with the greatest amount of total grey and white matter were compared to the fifteen puppies with the least amount of total grey and white matter from the original 78. Puppies were fed commercially available foods for one year and then a blood sample was drawn into a PAXgene Blood RNA tube. RNA was extracted according to the procedures provided in the PAXgene Blood RNA Kit Handbook (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). RNA was hybridized to an Affymetrix GeneChip Canine‐2 Genome Arrays and normalized using Robust Multi‐Array Average. Transcripts having a P &lt; 0.01 (following a false discovery rate adjustment value of 0.1) and a fold change range of at least 1.3 were considered different among the two groups. Analysis of the RNA found differences in 107 genes between the fifteen puppies with greatest amount of grey and white matter and puppies with least amount of grey and white matter. Of the genes identified, 43 were up‐regulated and 64 down‐regulated in puppies with the greatest amount of grey and white matter when compared to puppies with least grey and white matter. Genes associated with growth hormone signaling and neuron development were increased, while inflammation and fatty acid biosynthesis were decreased in puppies with greatest amount of grey and white matter compared to puppies with the least amount of grey and white matter.
Hierarchical Control of Parallel AC-DC Converter Interfaces for Hybrid Microgrids (2013)

In this paper, a hierarchical control system for parallel power electronics interfaces between ac bus and dc bus in a hybrid microgrid is presented. Both standalone and grid-connected operation modes in the dc side of the microgrid are analyzed. Concretely, a three-level hierarchical control system is implemented. In the primary control level, the decentralized control is realized by using the droop method. Local ac current proportional-resonant controller and dc voltage proportional-integral controller are employed. When the local load is connected to the dc bus, dc droop control is applied to obtain equal or proportional dc load current sharing. The common secondary control level is designed to eliminate the dc bus voltage deviation produced by the droop control, with dc bus voltage in the hybrid microgrid boosted to an acceptable range. After guaranteeing the performance of the dc side standalone operation by means of the primary and secondary control levels, the tertiary control level is thereafter employed to perform the connection to an external dc system. Meanwhile, the impact of the bandwidth of the secondary and tertiary control levels is discussed. The closed-loop model including all the three control levels is developed in order to adjust the main control parameters and study the system stability. Experimental results of a 2 × 2.2 kW parallel ac-dc converter system have shown satisfactory realization of the designed system.
Search for electroweak production of charginos and sleptons decaying into final states with two leptons and missing transverse momentum in $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ $$\text {TeV}$$ pp collisions using the ATLAS detector (2020)

Abstract A search for the electroweak production of charginos and sleptons decaying into final states with two electrons or muons is presented. The analysis is based on 139 fb $$^{-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> of proton–proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> $$\text {TeV}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:math> . Three R -parity-conserving scenarios where the lightest neutralino is the lightest supersymmetric particle are considered: the production of chargino pairs with decays via either W bosons or sleptons, and the direct production of slepton pairs. The analysis is optimised for the first of these scenarios, but the results are also interpreted in the others. No significant deviations from the Standard Model expectations are observed and limits at 95% confidence level are set on the masses of relevant supersymmetric particles in each of the scenarios. For a massless lightest neutralino, masses up to 420 $$\text {Ge}\text {V}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Ge</mml:mtext><mml:mspace/></mml:mrow></mml:math> are excluded for the production of the lightest-chargino pairs assuming W -boson-mediated decays and up to 1 $$\text {TeV}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:math> for slepton-mediated decays, whereas for slepton-pair production masses up to 700 $$\text {Ge}\text {V}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Ge</mml:mtext><mml:mspace/></mml:mrow></mml:math> are excluded assuming three generations of mass-degenerate sleptons.
MALDI imaging mass spectrometry: Discrimination of pathophysiological regions in traumatized skeletal muscle by characteristic peptide signatures (2014)

Due to formation of fibrosis and the loss of contractile muscle tissue, severe muscle injuries often result in insufficient healing marked by a significant reduction of muscle force and motor activity. Our previous studies demonstrated that the local transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells into an injured skeletal muscle of the rat improves the functional outcome of the healing process. Since, due to the lack of sufficient markers, the accurate discrimination of pathophysiological regions in injured skeletal muscle is inadequate, underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation on primary trauma and trauma adjacent muscle area remain elusive. For discrimination of these pathophysiological regions, formalin-fixed injured skeletal muscle tissue was analyzed by MALDI imaging MS. By using two computational evaluation strategies, a supervised approach (ClinProTools) and unsupervised segmentation (SCiLS Lab), characteristic m/z species could be assigned to primary trauma and trauma adjacent muscle regions. Using "bottom-up" MS for protein identification and validation of results by immunohistochemistry, we could identify two proteins, skeletal muscle alpha actin and carbonic anhydrase III, which discriminate between the secondary damage on adjacent tissue and the primary traumatized muscle area. Our results underscore the high potential of MALDI imaging MS to describe the spatial characteristics of pathophysiological changes in muscle.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Hexavalent Vaccine Administered at 2, 4 and 6 Months of Age With or Without a Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (2012)

DTaP₅-IPV-Hib-HepB administered at 2, 4 and 6 months of age concomitantly with PCV7 was well tolerated and elicited robust antibody responses to all but the antidiphtheria antigens for which there may be evidence of immune interference. Only filamentous hemagglutinin did not meet seroconversion rate acceptability criteria.
IMPROVEMENT CONSTRUCTED WETLAND PERFORMANCE FOR REDUCING CONTAMINATION LEVELS IN BAHR EL-BAQAR DRAIN, NORTH EAST OF EGYPT (2013)

Nowadays, drainage water is being reused to overcome the gap between the amounts of available and water required. Constructed wetlands, whether of free surface flow or subsurface flow, aim among several purposes, at improving the quality of wastewater. However, the recommended discharge of these wetlands which is 2500 m3/day, although could decrease the levels of pollutants in wastewater, yet it might be of interest to increase this discharge to meet the increased demands for water. Also, since the efficiency of the wetland to remove pollutants is dependent, among other factors, on the type of the plant cultivated in the surface flow cells, then trying some different types of plants might be fruitful. Therefore, the current study conducted aims at: (1) Assessing the efficiency of the constructed wetland under lower (1250 m3/day) and higher (5000 m3/day) discharges than the usual (2500 m3/day). (2)Investigating the use of cattail and papyrus plants in the surface flow cell, compared with the commonly used reed plant..
Radiation Exposure During Fluoroarthroscopically Assisted Anterior Cruciate Reconstruction (1995)

We prospectively evaluated the radiation exposure during 50 consecutive fluoroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. Three different methods of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were performed using either rolled fascia lata allograft or bone-tendon-bone autograft. For the 50 procedures, total time using the fluoroscope was 119.61 minutes, or 2.38 minutes per procedure. The 16 primary fascia lata allograft reconstructions averaged 1.38 minutes of fluoroscope use per procedure compared with 4.69 minutes for the two revision allograft fascia lata surgeries, 3.14 minutes per procedure for the 30 primary bone-tendon-bone reconstructions, and 4.18 minutes per procedure for the two surgeries performed with an allograft meniscal transplant. The difference in exposure time between the 16 primary allograft fascia lata surgeries and the 30 primary allograft or autograft bone-tendon-bone surgeries was statistically significant. The average radiation exposure to the surgeon was 0.67 mrem per minute of fluoroscope use. It would take 7463.08 minutes of fluoroscope time, or 11,139 primary fascia lata allograft reconstructions, to exceed the recommended occupational exposure limit of 5000 mrem per year. It appears that the orthopaedic surgeon receives minimal radiation when using the fluoroscope to assist in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, especially when doing a primary fascia lata allograft procedure.
Amplification by optical composites (1997)

Optical amplification is demonstrated in waveguides of composite materials consisting of nanocrystals of Cr:forsterite or Cr:diopside embedded in a host polymer with a matching refractive index. Small-signal gains of 1dB / cm at lambda=1.23microm are reported.
Pathological role of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes in charcot neuroarthropathy (2015)

This study was designed to characterize the synovium in the joints of Charcot neuroarthropathy (CNA) and investigate the potential role of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in the pathology of CNA. Synovial samples were collected from CNA patients (n = 7) and non-CNA patients (n = 7), for control, during orthopaedic procedures and used for histology and isolation of FLS. Histological characterization of synovium included innervation and FLS localization. The isolated FLS from the CNA and non-CNA synovium were cultured, with or without tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), for evaluation of invasiveness, gene expression, and cartilage degradation. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a neuropeptide, was supplemented into the co-cultures of FLS and cartilage explants. Compared with the non-CNA synovium, CNA synovium was highly inflammatory, with reduced innervation and intense expression of cadherin-11. The FLS isolated from CNA synovium, particularly when activated with TNF-α, were more invasive, increased the expression of ADAMTS4, IL-6, and RANKL, and depleted proteoglycans from cartilage explants when they were co-cultured. Addition of VIP into the culture medium neutralized the catabolic effect of the CNA FLS on cartilage explants. In conclusion, FLS plays an important role in the pathology of CNA. Therapies targeting synovium and FLS may prevent or treat the joint destruction in CNA.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF OLEFINS FROM KETONES VIA COUPLING OF LITHIUM DIALKYLCUPRATES WITH ENOL DIPHENYLPHOSPHATE ESTERS (1977)

Abstract Aus dem 4‐tert.‐Butyl‐cyclohexanon (I) entsteht mit Lithiumdiisopropylamid und Diphenylphosphoresterchlorid das Eno1phosphat (II), aus dem mit Dialkyllithiumcupraten (III) die Olefine (IV) in sehr unterschiedlichen Ausbeuten gebildet werden.
Optimum Plate Spacings for Laminar Natural Convection Heat Transfer From Parallel Vertical Isothermal Flat Plates: Experimental Verification (1975)

Technical Briefs Optimum Plate Spacings for Laminar Natural Convection Heat Transfer From Parallel Vertical Isothermal Flat Plates: Experimental Verification E. K. Levy, E. K. Levy Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P. A. Eichen, P. A. Eichen Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar W. R. Cintani, W. R. Cintani Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. R. Shaw R. R. Shaw Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information E. K. Levy Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa. P. A. Eichen Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa. W. R. Cintani Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa. R. R. Shaw Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa. J. Heat Transfer. Aug 1975, 97(3): 474-476 (3 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3450405 Published Online: August 1, 1975 Article history Received: May 5, 1975 Online: August 11, 2010
Microfabricated Magnetics on Silicon for Point of Load High-Frequency DC–DC Converter Applications (2019)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization on silicon integrated magnetics for high-frequency power applications. The presented device achieves superior characteristics in terms of energy density, electrical resistance, current capability, and inductance versus frequency stability. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of use of the presented device for high-frequency power applications, it is tested with two different buck point of load (PoL) dc-dc converters, one of them is off-shelf chipset and the other is designed specifically for the microdevice. Experimental measurements show that the microdevices achieve a maximum inductance of about 50 nH, electrical resistance of 300 mΩ, rated current capabilities up to 1 A, and stable L versus f characteristics up to 100 MHz. Also, the PoL buck converters with the microdevices achieve a peak efficiency of up to 82% with a flat efficiency curve at switching frequencies up to 30 MHz while providing tight output voltage regulation (<;0.2%) and low temperature rise (40 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C) at the rated current.
Development of flexible perovskite solar cells by the low-temperature fabrication of TiO<sub>2</sub> electron transport layers (2020)

Flexible and light-weight perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been considered due to the expectation of low production cost and wide application ranges. Low temperature processes are required in the fabrication of flexible perovskite solar cells because flexible substrates cannot resist process temperatures over 150 ºC. An electron transport layer (ETL) is commonly titanium-oxide (TiO2) formed by high temperature sintering (˃400ºC). The formation of ETM is crucial for flexible PSCs in order to complete the entire low-temperature process. Here, we have employed our original single crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles with high purity of brookite phase (BK TiO2 NPs), and could form TiO2 ETLs below 150 ºC. We succeeded to fabricate flexible PSCs on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates with the power conversion efficiency of 13.08% (in reverse scan). The present work provides us a good finding to realize the low-cost flexible PSCs in the future.
Simple Optimal Weighting of Cases and Controls in Case-Control Studies (2008)

Researchers of uncommon diseases are often interested in assessing potential risk factors. Given the low incidence of disease, these studies are frequently case-control in design. Such a design allows a sufficient number of cases to be obtained without extensive sampling and can increase efficiency; however, these case-control samples are then biased since the proportion of cases in the sample is not the same as the population of interest. Methods for analyzing case-control studies have focused on utilizing logistic regression models that provide conditional and not causal estimates of the odds ratio. This article will demonstrate the use of the prevalence probability and case-control weighted targeted maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), as described by van der Laan (2008), in order to obtain causal estimates of the parameters of interest (risk difference, relative risk, and odds ratio). It is meant to be used as a guide for researchers, with step-by-step directions to implement this methodology. We will also present simulation studies that show the improved efficiency of the case-control weighted targeted MLE compared to other techniques.
Chapter 2. Synthetic methods (1999)

A. J. Carnell, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. B: Org. Chem., 1999, 95, 39 DOI: 10.1039/A808596J
Recurring and Novel Class Detection Using Class-Based Ensemble for Evolving Data Stream (2015)

Streaming data is one of the attention receiving sources for concept-evolution studies. When a new class occurs in the data stream it can be considered as a new concept and so the concept-evolution. One attractive problem occurring in the concept-evolution studies is the recurring classes from our previous study. In data streams, a class can disappear and reappear after a while. Existing studies on data stream classification techniques either misclassify the recurring class or falsely identify the recurring classes as novel classes. Because of the misclassification or false novel classification, the error rates increases on those studies. In this paper we address the problem by defining a novel ensemble technique “class-based” ensemble which replaces the traditional “chunk-based” approach in order to detect the recurring classes. We discuss the details of two different approaches in class-based ensemble and explain and compare them in detail. Different than the previous studies in the field, we also prove the superiority of both “class-based” ensemble method over state-of-art techniques via empirical approach on a number of benchmark data sets including Web comments as text mining challenge.
Near-field photoconductivity: Application to carrier transport in InGaAsP quantum well lasers (1994)

A new contrast method in near-field scanning optical microscopy in which the near-field probe is used to excite photocurrent in a semiconductor sample is described and demonstrated. The use of near-field optics results in an order-of-magnitude improvement in spot size and a fivefold improvement in resolution over previous methods of photocurrent imaging. The application of this near-field photoconductivity technique to a multiquantum well laser provides direct visualization of carrier transport throughout the structure, yielding information on growth inhomogeneities, carrier leakage and isolation, and the overall quality of p-n junctions.
Can We Improve Vaginal Tissue Healing Using Customized Devices: 3D Printing and Biomechanical Changes in Vaginal Tissue (2018)

This study quantified biomechanical changes in PVT with customized stretching by 3D printed VD using both OCE and MT. This work has implications for the mechanotransduction of vaginal wound healing and noninvasive assessment of vaginal diseases.
Improving Selection Criteria for Early Cystectomy in High-Grade T1 Bladder Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 15,215 Patients (2015)

In this large analysis of outcomes and prognostic factors in HGT1 bladder cancer, deep lamina propria invasion had the largest negative impact, and other previously proposed prognostic factors were also confirmed. These factors should be used for prognostication and patient stratification in future clinical trials, and depth of invasion should be considered for inclusion in TNM staging criteria. This meta-analysis can also help define selection criteria for early cystectomy in HGT1 bladder cancer, particularly for patients with deep lamina propria invasion combined with other risk factors.
Bioconversion of Airborne Methylamine by Immobilized Recombinant Amine Oxidase from the Thermotolerant YeastHansenula polymorpha (2014)

Aliphatic amines, including methylamine, are air-pollutants, due to their intensive use in industry and the natural degradation of proteins, amino acids, and other nitrogen-containing compounds in biological samples. It is necessary to develop systems for removal of methylamine from the air, since airborne methylamine has a negative effect on human health. The primary amine oxidase (primary amine : oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) or amine oxidase, AMO; EC 1.4.3.21), a copper-containing enzyme from the thermotolerant yeast Hansenula polymorpha which was overexpressed in baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was tested for its ability to oxidize airborne methylamine. A continuous fluidized bed bioreactor (CFBR) was designed to enable bioconversion of airborne methylamine by AMO immobilized in calcium alginate (CA) beads. The results demonstrated that the bioreactor with immobilized AMO eliminates nearly 97% of the airborne methylamine. However, the enzymatic activity of AMO causes formation of formaldehyde. A two-step bioconversion process was therefore proposed. In the first step, airborne methylamine was fed into a CFBR which contained immobilized AMO. In the second step, the gas flow was passed through another CFBR, with alcohol oxidase from the yeast H. polymorpha immobilized in CA, in order to decompose the formaldehyde formed in the first step. The proposed system provided almost total elimination of the airborne methylamine and the formaldehyde.
Total synthesis and biological evaluation of the natural product (−)-cyclonerodiol, a new inhibitor of IL-4 signaling (2014)

In a screening program of natural compounds from fungi, the known cyclopentanoid sesquiterpene (-)-cyclonerodiol was identified as a specific inhibitor of the IL-4 induced STAT6 signaling pathway (IC50 = 9.7 μM) which is required for the differentiation of naive CD4 T cells to T helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. As many allergic conditions, including allergic asthma and atopic diseases, are driven by an excessive Th2 response, STAT6 is a promising target for the development of new therapeutics. The compound was synthesized in six steps from (-)-linalool using an epoxide radical cyclization as the key step.
Analysis of variation in the melanocortin‐4 receptor gene (mc4r) in golden retriever dogs (2010)

Table S1 Primer pairs used in this study. Table S2 Mc4r variants detected in 23 unrelated Golden Retrievers and prediction of their functional effects. Table S3 P-values for F-statistics where the association of each SNP or haplotype with each phenotype was tested, while correcting for sex, age and polygenic effects. Appendix S1 Experimental procedures. Appendix S2 Method of prediction of functional effects of the detected variants. Appendix S3 Preliminary analysis of variation in the canine mc4r in relation to body measures. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer-reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.