gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Cycling in Charge Trap-Based 3D NAND Arrays: Model and Qualification Tests Implications (2023)

In this work, we present the first electrical characterization and modeling of the impact on long-term data retention of distributed cycling in charge trap (CT) 3D NAND arrays. Dependence on Program/Erase cycling conditions of trapassisted tunneling (TAT), charge detrapping, and lateral charge migration (LCM) are experimentally evaluated and modeled. It is demonstrated that post-cycling TAT degradation depends only on the overall cycling dose and not on cycling temperature nor on the delays in-between each Program/Erase operation. On the other hand, charge detrapping follows the same time and temperature dynamics as the ones observed in floating-gate NAND arrays. Finally, LCM is observed to improve with increasing cycling dose and cycling temperature but to be negligibly dependent on the cycling duration. Results are a cornerstone in designing accelerated cycling tests for CT 3D NAND arrays qualification.
π-Acceptor macrocycles: new crown ethers containing isocyanide groups (1985)

The synthesis and preliminary complexation properties of a novel series of crown ethers containing a single aryl isocyanide unit are presented; i.r. and u.v.–visible spectra and stability constant data confirm that the isocyanide group participates in metal binding.
Supplementary Table 7 from EZH2-Mediated Concordant Repression of Wnt Antagonists Promotes β-Catenin–Dependent Hepatocarcinogenesis (2023)

Supplementary Table 7 from EZH2-Mediated Concordant Repression of Wnt Antagonists Promotes β-Catenin–Dependent Hepatocarcinogenesis
A Classification Method to Compare Modular Product Concepts (2003)

In recent years the design of modular products has become the focus of significant research in the area of design theory and methodology. This focus is the result of the increased awareness of the power of modularity to achieve certain product objectives. To add to this surge in modular product research, this paper focuses on developing design tools for use in industrial settings where modular products are being designed. In developing these tools the many definitions and methods for classifying modular products are consolidated and refined. Drawing from this consolidated research a new scheme for classifying modularity types, the Modularity Type Space (MTS), is developed. This classification scheme not only succinctly defines the types of modularity, but shows the relationships between them. Metrics and tools are also presented that are to be used for the purposes of classifying modular products on the MTS.
Erythroleukemia and other hematologic complications of intensive therapy in long‐term survivors of small cell lung cancer (1982)

Eight patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma treated with intensive combination chemotherapy, with and without radiotherapy, have been followed for a minimum of two and a half years without relapse. One patient, after a prodrome of macrocytic sideroblastic anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, experienced erythroleukemia 34 months after starting chemotherapy, and cytogenetic studies revealed extensive chromosomal abnormalities. Another patient had persistent macrocytic anemia and pancytopenia two years after cessation of therapy. The remaining six patients had normal peripheral blood smears and cell counts. A significant incidence of preleukemia syndromes and acute leukemia appearing as late complications in intensively treated small cell lung cancer patients requires confirmation in larger series of long-term survivors. Prospective determination of marrow karyotype abnormalities may help to identify patients at greatest risk for developing secondary leukemia.
Identifying mechanism-of-action targets for drugs and probes (2012)

Notwithstanding their key roles in therapy and as biological probes, 7% of approved drugs are purported to have no known primary target, and up to 18% lack a well-defined mechanism of action. Using a chemoinformatics approach, we sought to "de-orphanize" drugs that lack primary targets. Surprisingly, targets could be easily predicted for many: Whereas these targets were not known to us nor to the common databases, most could be confirmed by literature search, leaving only 13 Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs with unknown targets; the number of drugs without molecular targets likely is far fewer than reported. The number of worldwide drugs without reasonable molecular targets similarly dropped, from 352 (25%) to 44 (4%). Nevertheless, there remained at least seven drugs for which reasonable mechanism-of-action targets were unknown but could be predicted, including the antitussives clemastine, cloperastine, and nepinalone; the antiemetic benzquinamide; the muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine; the analgesic nefopam; and the immunomodulator lobenzarit. For each, predicted targets were confirmed experimentally, with affinities within their physiological concentration ranges. Turning this question on its head, we next asked which drugs were specific enough to act as chemical probes. Over 100 drugs met the standard criteria for probes, and 40 did so by more stringent criteria. A chemical information approach to drug-target association can guide therapeutic development and reveal applications to probe biology, a focus of much current interest.
Supplementary Data 3 from Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection, Large T Antigen, Retinoblastoma Protein and Outcome in Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Data 3 from Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection, Large T Antigen, Retinoblastoma Protein and Outcome in Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Optical Implementation of Butler Matrix for Hardware-Efficient Multiuser Beamforming (2018)

Phased antenna arrays have been used extensively for massive MIMO-based multiuser beamforming to improve both the throughput and power efficiency of wireless communication systems. Beamforming can be realized by the Butler matrix, which has been demonstrated in the electric domain. With wireless systems migration toward simplified remote radio units through radio-over-fiber and sharing of signal processing functions located in the central office, it is desirable to implement this beamforming technique in the optical domain. In this paper, we propose an optical implementation of the Butler matrix using purely passive optical components such as directional couplers and delay lines. With the additional use of optical routing elements, the number of signal streams connected to the baseband unit equals the number of the actual users rather than the number of antenna elements, thereby achieving hardware efficiency for multiuser beamforming. Moreover, the proposed optical Butler matrix acts on the optical intensity rather than the optical field, and therefore, low-cost intensity-modulation direct-detection (IMDD) optical transceivers can be used. A proof-of-concept experiment is conducted to demonstrate the optical 2 × 2 Butler matrix. Scaling the optical Butler matrix to high port counts is also discussed.
Small-Signal Analysis of All-Si Microring Resonator Photodiode (2022)

All-silicon microring resonator photodiodes are attractive for silicon photonics integrated circuits due to their compactness, wavelength division multiplexing ability, and the absence of germanium growth. To analyze and evaluate the performance of the microring photodiode, we derived closed-form expression of the response transfer function with both electrical and optical behavior included, using a small-signal analysis. The thermo-optic nonlinearity resulting from optical loss and ohmic heating was simulated and considered in the model. The predicted response achieved close agreement with the experiment results, which provides an intuitive understanding of device performance. We analytically investigated the responsivity–bandwidth product and demonstrated that the performance is superior when the detuning frequency is zero.
Visible Fluorescence Induced by the Metal Semiconductor Transition in Composites of Carbon Nanotubes with Noble Metal Nanoparticles (2007)

We show that single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles emit visible fluorescence in the presence of noble metal nanoparticles and nanorods in the solid state. Conductivity measurements with metallic nanotubes, isolated from pristine SWNTs, show that they become semiconducting in the presence of the metal nanoparticles. Nanoparticle binding increases the defects in the nanotube structures which is evident in the Raman spectra. The metal-semiconductor transition removes the nonradiative decay channels of the excited states enabling visible fluorescence. Nanotube structures are imaged using this emission with resolution below the classical limits.
Self-Organization of Semifluorinated Alkanes and Related Compounds at Interfaces: Thin Films, Surface Domains and Two-Dimensional Spherulites (2018)

Abstract After a brief reminder of the specific properties of fluorocarbons, fluorinated chains and molecular fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon diblocks (semifluorinated alkanes, CnF2n+1CmH2m+1, FnHm) that account for their exceptional aptitude for self-organization, we review recent advances on the self-assembled surface nanodomains that FnHm diblocks form on water and solid surfaces, their shape and size characteristics, and their hierarchical organization into structures of higher complexity. Remarkably indeed, FnHm diblocks, when spread as Langmuir monolayers on water, self-assemble into circular mesoscopic nanodomains that exist even in the absence of lateral pressure, and self-organize into regular hexagonal arrays upon compression. These surface domains can be transferred essentially unchanged onto solid surfaces. They can also be obtained by direct casting or spin coating of solutions of diblocks on solids, or by spontaneous formation on liquid crystals. The nanodomains retain their size, shape and organization upon compression and, amazingly, even beyond the collapse of their Langmuir monolayers. The domain-patterned films display uncommon rheology, with predominantly elastic monolayers, and two-dimensional gels were generated, including at zero surface pressure. The formation and behavior of surface domains from related tri- and tetrablocks have also been reported. A tetrablock afforded the first example of pressure-driven stacking of self-assembled nano-objects. The domain-patterned films constitute attractive templates for organizing nanoparticles in components of electronic devices and sensors, and for fabricating ordered mesoporous solids. Most recently, a novel aggregation mode was found for FnHm diblocks, namely their crystallization into micron-size polycrystalline two-dimensional radial and/or ring-banded spherulites. Applications in medicine and materials science are being investigated.
Flexible, Actively Deflectable Fiberoptic Ureteronephroscopy (1989)

We performed 76 flexible, actively deflectable ureteronephroscopic procedures in 68 patients. Of the patients 61 were examined transurethrally, 3 via an ileal loop, 2 percutaneously and 2 via ureterostomy. Indications for flexible, actively deflectable ureteronephroscopy included urolithiasis in 28 patients, upper tract filling defect in 25, lateralizing hematuria in 8, retrograde endopyelotomy in 2, post-endopyelotomy evaluation in 6, surveillance for transitional cell carcinoma in 4 and other reasons in 3. The area of interest was accessed successfully in 96% of the patients. In 57 instances an attempt was made to inspect all calices and was successful in two-thirds of the patients. However, greater than 75% of the collecting system was accessed in all but 2 of these 57 patients. Over-all, diagnostic and/or therapeutic maneuvers were successful in 84% of the patients. Flexible, actively deflectable ureteronephroscopy provides the urologist with a minimally invasive means to evaluate and treat pathological conditions of the upper urinary tract.
FQAM : A modulation scheme for beyond 4G cellular wireless communication systems (2013)

We analyze the performance of bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM) and coded modulation (CM) systems with frequency and quadrature amplitude modulation (FQAM), which is a combination of frequency shift keying (FSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Numerical results show that for modest code rates in low signal-to-noise ratio regions, the normalized throughputs of FQAM based CM systems are close to the theoretical channel capacity limit compared to that of QAM and FSK based CM systems. Also, we analyze the performance of downlink cellular LTE systems using FQAM and compare it with that using QAM, especially for cell-edge users. Numerical results show that, unlike QAM, the statistical distribution of inter-cell interference (ICI) incurred with FQAM highly deviates from the Gaussian distribution and has a heavier tail. The results also show that due to the non-Gaussian nature of the ICI incurred with FQAM, the transmission rate of a cell-edge user using FQAM is significantly higher than that using QAM.
Pharmaco‐resistant seizures: self‐triggering capacity, scale‐free properties and predictability? (2009)

Relevant and timely questions such as regarding the predictability of seizures and their capacity to trigger more seizures remain the subject of debate in epileptology. The present study endeavors to gain insight into these dynamic issues by adopting a non-reductionist approach and via the use of mathematical tools. Probability distribution functions of seizure energies and inter-seizure intervals and the probability of seizure occurrence conditional upon the time elapsed from the previous seizure were estimated from prolonged recordings from subjects with pharmaco-resistant seizures, undergoing surgical evaluation, on reduced doses of or on no medications. The energy and inter-seizure interval distributions for pharmaco-resistant seizures, under the prevailing study conditions, are governed by power laws ('scale-free' behavior). Pharmaco-resistant seizures tend to occur in clusters and the time to the next seizure increases with the duration of the seizure-free interval since the last one. However, characteristic size energy probability density functions were found in a few subjects. These findings suggests that: (i) pharmaco-resistant seizures have an inherent self-triggering capacity; (ii) their time of occurrence and intensity may be predictable in light of the existence of power law distributions and of their self-triggering capacity; and (iii) their lack of typical size and duration (scale-free), features upon which their classification into ictal or interictal is largely based, may be inadequate/insufficient classifiers.
Radiation-Induced Impairment in Lung Lymphatic Vasculature (2014)

There is impairment of lymphatic vasculature after a single dose of ionizing radiation that precedes architectural distortion and fibrosis, suggesting important roles for the lymphatic circulation in the pathogenesis of the radiation-induced lung injury.
Degree of cure of epoxy/acrylic photopolymers: Characterization with raman spectroscopy and a modified phenomenological model (2017)

This study characterizes the degree of cure c , of a two‐part epoxy/acrylic photopolymer used in stereolithography, SLA. The use of solid free form fabrication has added a whole new list of thermosets with a chemical reaction—curing reaction—targeted for these specific manufacturing processes. The studied thermosetting system exhibits a fast curing reaction triggered by a UV‐light source. An innovative stepwise method to quantify the degree of cure using Raman spectroscopy is reported. This method abates the Raman noise and compensates for the weak signal of fast measurements. The Raman data processing algorithm BEADS was implemented. The technique presented here was capable of following the degree of cure of the individual components of the photopolymer. Based on the epoxy/acrylic monomers concentration (75%/25%), the degree of cure for the whole system was quantified. The experimental results were modeled using a modified phenomenological kinetics equation. This model includes the dependency of the rate of cure on the light intensity, and cure state. Based on the analysis reported here, the proposed model accurately fits the initiation, propagation, and termination phases of the cure cycle. The technique and methods presented here can potentially be integrated to in situ process monitoring with instant parameter feedback, and numerical modeling of residual stresses in additive manufacturing of thermosets. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:228–237, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Potent Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease:  Design and Synthesis of Macrocyclic Substrate-Based β-Strand Mimics (2004)

The virally encoded NS3 protease is essential to the life cycle of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), an important human pathogen causing chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The design and synthesis of 15-membered ring beta-strand mimics which are capable of inhibiting the interactions between the HCV NS3 protease enzyme and its polyprotein substrate will be described. The binding interactions between a macrocyclic ligand and the enzyme were explored by NMR and molecular dynamics, and a model of the ligand/enzyme complex was developed.
Gene therapy as a potential treatment for restenosis and myocardial infarction. (2000)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. Most conventional therapy is inefficient and tends to treat the symptoms rather than the underlying causes of the disorder. Gene therapy offers a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Gene transfer into somatic cells to interfere with the pathogenetic processes contributing to cardiovascular disease may provide such a novel approach for better prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders. The major development of gene transfer has importantly contributed to intense investigation of the potential of gene therapy in cardiovascular medicine. The amazing advances in molecular biology have provided a dramatic improvement in the technology that is necessary to transfer target genes into somatic cells. Recently, transfection of cis element double-stranded oligonucleotides (ODN), referred to as decoy ODN, has been reported to be a powerful tool in a new class of antigene strategies for gene therapy. In this article, we review the successful treatment of restenosis and myocardial infarction using the decoy strategy combined with an efficient gene transfer method.
Spotted Fever Rickettsiae in Ticks from the Northern Sinai Governate, Egypt (1992)

A field study was initiated in 1988 to investigate whether spotted fever group rickettsiae occur in geographic areas in Egypt that are adjacent to an area in the southern Israeli Negev that has a defined focus of spotted fever disease. Ticks were collected from dogs, sheep, and camels at four study sites in the northern Sinai. Tick hemolymph was processed for rickettsial detection by staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antibody to Rickettsia rickettsii. Of the 442 hemolymphs examined, 15 contained immunofluorescent rickettsiae. Eight hemolymph test-positive (HT+) ticks were Rhipicephalus sanguineus removed from dogs; the other HT+ ticks comprised three Hyalomma species, H. anatolicum, H. impeltatum, and H. dromedarii. Both HT+ and HT- ticks were tested for rickettsial DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eight of 10 HT+ field-collected ticks were PCR positive (PCR+). All laboratory colony R. rickettsii-infected ticks were PCR+. No HT- ticks from field or laboratory isolates were PCR+.
Loss of B cells and their precursors is the most constant feature of GATA-2 deficiency in childhood myelodysplastic syndrome (2016)

GATA-2 deficiency was recently described as common cause of overlapping syndromes of immunodeficiency, lymphedema, familiar myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia. The aim of our study was to analyze bone marrow and peripheral blood samples of children with myelodysplastic syndrome or aplastic anemia to define prevalence of the GATA2 mutation and to assess whether mutations in GATA-2 transcription factor exhibit specific immunophenotypic features. The prevalence of a GATA2 mutation in a consecutively diagnosed cohort of children was 14% in advanced forms of myelodysplastic syndrome (refractory anemia with excess blasts, refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation, and myelodysplasia-related acute myeloid leukemia), 17% in refractory cytopenia of childhood, and 0% in aplastic anemia. In GATA-2-deficient cases, we found the most profound B-cell lymphopenia, including its progenitors in blood and bone marrow, which correlated with significantly diminished intronRSS-Kde recombination excision circles in comparison to other myelodysplastic syndrome/aplastic anemia cases. The other typical features of GATA-2 deficiency (monocytopenia and natural killer cell lymphopenia) were less discriminative. In conclusion, we suggest screening for GATA2 mutations in pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome, preferentially in patients with impaired B-cell homeostasis in bone marrow and peripheral blood (low number of progenitors, intronRSS-Kde recombination excision circles and naïve cells).
Relationship of Intraocular Pressure with Central Aortic Systolic Pressure (2015)

<i>Purpose</i>: To examine the relationship between central aortic systolic pressure (CASP) and intraocular pressure (IOP), and to compare the strength of any association with that of peripheral blood pressure and IOP. <i>Methods</i>: Adults ranging in age from 40 to 80 years were consecutively recruited from the population-based Singapore Chinese Eye Study. We measured CASP using arterial tonometry (BPro) and IOP using Goldmann applanation tonometry. All participants had a standardized examination including a complete ophthalmic and systemic examination. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured using peripheral blood pressure cuff. Univariable and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between CASP and IOP. Standardized regression coefficients (sβ) were calculated to compare the associations between CASP and SBP with IOP. <i>Results</i>: A total of 372 consecutive Chinese participants were analyzed. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, total cholesterol, use of antihypertensive medication and central corneal thickness, each 10 mmHg increase in CASP was associated with 0.32 mmHg of IOP elevation [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10–0.53, sβ = 0.160, <i>p</i> value = 0.004]. SBP also had a positive relationship with IOP (<i>β</i> = 0.279, 95% CI: 0.079–0.479, sβ = 0.152, <i>p</i> value = 0.006). Associations between IOP and CASP, SBP and DBP were similar in participants using antihypertensive medication to participant not using antihypertensives. <i>Conclusions</i>: Increased CASP, as measured by arterial tonometry, is associated with higher IOP. Our results strengthen the relationship between systemic blood pressure and IOP.
Experimental demonstration of fiber-optic lines with symmetric dispersion profiles for 160 Gbit/s terrestrial transmission systems (2004)

We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that a fiber line with a symmetric dispersion swing can substantially improve the performance of classical 160 Gbit/s optical terrestrial transmission systems.