gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GDNF Delivery Using Human Neural Progenitor Cells in a Rat Model of ALS (2005)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of spinal cord, brainstem, and cortical motor neurons. In a minority of patients, the disease is caused by mutations in the copper (2+)/zinc (2+) superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. Recent evidence suggests that astrocytes are dysfunctional in ALS and may be a critical link in the support of motor neuron health. Furthermore, growth factors, such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), have a high affinity for motor neurons and can prevent their death following various insults, but due to the protein's large size are difficult to directly administer to brain. In this study, human neural progenitor cells (hNPC) isolated from the cortex were expanded in culture and modified using lentivirus to secrete GDNF (hNPC(GDNF)). These cells survived up to 11 weeks following transplantation into the lumbar spinal cord of rats overexpressing the G93A SOD1 mutation (SOD1 (G93A)). Cellular integration into both gray and white matter was observed without adverse behavioral effects. All transplants secreted GDNF within the region of cell survival, but not outside this area. Fibers were seen to upregulate cholinergic markers in response to GDNF, indicating it was physiologically active. We conclude that genetically modified hNPC can survive, integrate, and release GDNF in the spinal cord of SOD1 (G93A) rats. As such, they provide an interesting source of cells for both glial replacement and trophic factor delivery in future human clinical studies.
Recent Achievements in Sub-10 nm DSA Lithography for Line/Space Patterning (2017)

Silicon-containing and modified PS-b-PMMA high-χ block copolymers materials were produced to achieve lamellar mesostructure as low as 14 nm intrinsic period (L0) and ordered by graphoepitaxy or chemoepitaxy processes. Line Edge Roughness (LER) measurements of 2.5 nm (3 σ) can be extracted from CD-SEM pictures of poly [(1,1-dimethylsilacyclobutane)-b-styrene] after etching step. Materials integrations on a 300 mm track process are highlighted. In fingerprint, new BCPs LWR L/S values are 1.5/1.1 nm in comparison to a graphoepitaxy flow where the LWR L/S values are 2.0/1.1 nm. Alternative methods to create high-resolution guiding patterns for directed self-assembly of block co-polymers and the scale-up to obtain industrial BCPs meeting electronic requirement are also reported.
Improved Prediction of Liquid Loading In Gas Wells (2017)

Summary After gas wells are drilled and start producing, early production rates are high enough to carry any liquid produced to the surface. However, as the reservoir pressure declines, the gas-production rate also declines. Eventually, the gas well starts experiencing liquid loading. Liquid loading starts when the current gas rate is incapable of lifting the liquid up to the surface. The liquid can be either water produced from the formation or the condensate. Several correlations in the literature predict the onset of liquid loading. The most famous equation, the Turner et al. (1969) equation, has many limitations, including the inability to account for effects such as diameter of the pipe and inclination angle of well, and incorrect physical assumptions regarding the onset of liquid loading. Belfroid et al. (2008) modified the Turner et al. (1969) equation for inclined wells; however, their expression is also dependent on incorrect physical assumptions and does not account for the diameter of the pipe. Another method, proposed by Shu et al. (2014), uses the correct physical assumption of liquid loading, but is overly conservative. This paper discusses a new modification to the original method proposed by Barnea (1986), which overcomes many limitations of the previous models. The new method is dependent on an assumption that liquid loading initiates when the liquid film starts falling backward. The proposed method accounts for the effect of diameter and inclination angle of the gas well. The method predicts the onset of liquid loading for a wide range of inclination angles, from vertical well to nearly horizontal well. The application of the method has been verified by comparing the results with both laboratory and field data. The method is observed to be better at predicting the onset of liquid loading compared with the other existing models in the literature.
Distributed Precoding Design for Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems (2020)

We propose a distributed precoding design for downlink cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems where the channel state information (CSI) exchange via backhaul signaling is entirely replaced by a novel over-the- air (OTA) signaling mechanism. The proposed method enjoys desirable flexibility and scalability properties, as the amount of OTA signaling does not scale with the number of base stations or user equipments. Numerical results show remarkable gains over uncoordinated precoding design, even after very few iterations. The proposed method may also outperform the centralized precoding design under realistic CSI acquisition.
Near constancy of the pressure dependence ofTcacross families of organic and fullerene superconductors (1996)

Pressure strongly depresses the superconducting transition temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ of both the doped fullerenes and the \ensuremath{\beta}-ET[(BEDT-TTF${)}_{\mathit{nX}\mathit{m}}$, (BEDT-TTF)=bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiofulvalene)] organic superconductors. An outstanding puzzle in these materials is the weak variation ${\mathit{dT}}_{\mathit{c}}$/dP across families of compounds with large variations in ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$. This property has been used to argue against phonon-induced pairing. However, closer examination of the volume dependence of ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ reveals that the weak variation of ${\mathit{dT}}_{\mathit{c}}$/dP is consistent with moderate (but not weak) electron-phonon coupling. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
The nonstructural proteins of Pneumoviruses are remarkably distinct in substrate diversity and specificity (2017)

The finding that the NS proteins of the two highly similar viruses suppress entirely different members of the ISG family raises intriguing questions of pneumoviral NS evolution and mechanism of action.
Inhibition of cardiac PERK signaling promotes peripartum cardiac dysfunction (2021)

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a life-threatening heart failure occurring in the peripartum period. Although mal-angiogenesis, induced by the 16-kDa N-terminal prolactin fragment (16 K PRL), is involved in the pathogenesis, the effect of full-length prolactin (23 K PRL) is poorly understood. We transfected neonate rat cardiomyocytes with plasmids containing 23 K PRL or 16 K PRL in vitro and found that 23 K PRL, but not 16 K PRL, upregulated protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signaling, and hypoxia promoted this effect. During the perinatal period, cardiomyocyte-specific PERK homogenous knockout (CM-KO) mice showed PPCM phenotypes after consecutive deliveries. Downregulation of PERK or JAK/STAT signaling and upregulation of apoptosis were observed in CM-KO mouse hearts. Moreover, in bromocriptine-treated CM-KO mice, cardiac function did not improve and cardiomyocyte apoptosis was not suppressed during the peripartum period. These results demonstrate that interaction between 23 K PRL and PERK signaling is cardioprotective during the peripartum term.
Dications That Target the DNA Minor Groove: Compound Design and Preparation, DNA Interactions, Cellular Distribution and Biological Activity (2005)

Fluorescence microscopy of trypanosomes from drug treated mice shows that biologically active heterocyclic diamidines that target the DNA minor groove bind rapidly and specifically to parasite kinetoplast DNA (k-DNA). The observation that the kinetoplast is destroyed, generally within 24 hours, after drug treatment is very important for understanding the biological mechanism, and suggests that the diamidines may be inhibiting some critical opening/closing step of circular k-DNA. Given the uncertainties in the biological mechanism, we have taken an empirical approach to generating a variety of synthetic compounds and DNA minor groove interactions for development of improved and new biological activities. Furamidine, DB75, is a diphenyl-diamidine that has the curvature to match the DNA minor groove as expected in the classical groove interaction model. Surprisingly, a linear diamidine with a nitrogen rich linker has significantly stronger binding than furamidine due to favorable linker and water-mediated DNA interactions. The water interaction is very dependant on compound structure since other linear compounds do not have similar interactions. Change of one phenyl of furamidine to a benzimidazole does not significantly enhance DNA binding but additional conversion of the furan to a thiophene (DB818) yields a compound with ten times stronger binding. Structural analysis shows that DB818 has a very favorable curvature for optimizing minor groove interactions. It is clear that there are many ways for compounds to bind to k-DNA and exert specific effects on kinetoplast replication and/or transcription that are required to obtain an active compound.
Lactase non-persistence and milk consumption in Estonia (2006)

The frequency of lactase non-persistence defined by the C/C-13910 genotype confirms the results of the previous studies based on indirect methods of determining hypolactasia. Milk consumption of lactase non-persistence subjects is consistent with previously reported figures of adult-type hypolactasia in Estonia. However, lactase non-persistence does not prevent the intake of milk in many adults.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Reprogramming glioblastoma multiforme cells into neurons by protein kinase inhibitors (2018)

This study indicates that ROCK and mTOR inhibitors-based reprogramming treatment prevents GBM local recurrence. Currently ROCK-mTOR inhibitors are used as anti-tumor drugs in patients, so this reprogramming strategy has significant potential to move rapidly toward clinical trials.
A High-Speed Photonic Clock and Carrier Regenerator (1995)

As data communications rates climb toward 10 Gbits/s, clock recovery and synchronization become more difficult, if not impossible, using conventional electronic circuits. The high-speed photonic clock regenerator described in this article may be more suitable for such use. This photonic regenerator is based on a previously reported photonic oscillator capable of fast acquisition and synchronization. With both electrical and optical clock inputs and outputs, the device is easily interfaced with fiber-optic systems. The recovered electrical clock can be used locally and the optical clock can be used anywhere within a several kilometer radius of the clock/carrier regenerator.
Pareto Frontier for the Performance-Complexity Trade-off in Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (2023)

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is an emerging technology allowing to control the propagation environment in wireless communications. Recently, beyond diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) has been proposed to reach higher performance than conventional RIS, at the expense of higher circuit complexity. Multiple BD-RIS architectures have been developed with the goal of reaching a favorable trade-off between performance and circuit complexity. However, the fundamental limits of this trade-off are still unexplored. In this paper, we fill this gap by deriving the expression of the Pareto frontier for the performance-complexity trade-off in BD-RIS. Additionally, we characterize the optimal BD-RIS architectures reaching this Pareto frontier.
Publications from Industry. Personal and Corporate Incentives (2004)

Industry scientists are often asked by their colleagues from academia why they do not publish more. The caricature, it seems, is of an active and productive industry generating lots of data that could be of benefit to the scientific community and yet keeping them all under wraps for various purposes
Other Chiral Selectors (2001)

Chapter 5 covered the applications of cyclodextrins for the separation of enantiomers in CE and some of the benefits. Whilst the cyclodextrins easily constitute the most widely used group of selectors for the separation of enantiomers in CE, a range of other selectors have also been employed. Some of these other selectors have been reported to offer significant benefits over cyclodextrins for example in terms of greater enantioselectivity. As is the case with the cyclodextrins many of the other chiral selectors used in CE are also naturally occurring species or are derived from them. Chapter 6 covers some of the other selectors which have been employed for the separation of enantiomers along with some examples of their application.
MEK inhibition, alone or in combination with BRAF inhibition, impairs multiple functions of isolated normal human lymphocytes and dendritic cells (2013)

Meeting abstracts Combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibition is currently in clinical development for the treatment of BRAF mutated malignant melanoma. BRAF inhibitors are associated with enhanced antigen-specific T-lymphocyte recognition in vivo. Consequently BRAF inhibition has been
Study of Modern Application Strategies for Catalytic Aftertreatment Demonstrated on a Production V6 Engine (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A study was performed to develop optimum design strategies for a production V6 engine to maximize catalyst performance at minimum pressure loss and at minimum cost. Test results for an advanced system, designed to meet future emission limits on a production V6 vehicle, are presented based on FTP testing. The on-line pressure loss and temperature data serves to explain the functioning of the catalyst.&lt;/div&gt;
Inhibition of Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Reduces Collagen-mediated Tumorigenicity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2017)

The extracellular matrix (ECM), a principal component of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), is rich in fibrillar collagens that facilitate tumor cell survival and chemoresistance. Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that specifically binds fibrillar collagens and has been implicated in promoting cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, ECM remodeling, and response to growth factors. We found that collagen-induced activation of DDR1 stimulated protumorigenic signaling through protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) and pseudopodium-enriched atypical kinase 1 (PEAK1) in pancreatic cancer cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of DDR1 with an ATP-competitive orally available small-molecule kinase inhibitor (7rh) abrogated collagen-induced DDR1 signaling in pancreatic tumor cells and consequently reduced colony formation and migration. Furthermore, the inhibition of DDR1 with 7rh showed striking efficacy in combination with chemotherapy in orthotopic xenografts and autochthonous pancreatic tumors where it significantly reduced DDR1 activation and downstream signaling, reduced primary tumor burden, and improved chemoresponse. These data demonstrate that targeting collagen signaling in conjunction with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy has the potential to improve outcome for pancreatic cancer patients. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2473-85. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Improves Forearm Reactive Hyperemia in Essential Hypertension (1997)

Endothelial function is known to be impaired in essential hypertensive patients. In this study, we examined whether antihypertensive drugs improve forearm vasodilatory response to reactive hyperemia in 26 patients with essential hypertension (62 +/- 2 years) without diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, or cerebrovascular disease. Antihypertensive drugs were never given or were discontinued for at least 4 weeks before the study. Patients were treated with monotherapy of either temocapril (2 or 4 mg, n = 15) or amlodipine (2.5 or 5 mg, n = 11) for 6 months. Forearm blood flow was measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. Vasodilator response to the release of upper arm compression at 300 mm Hg for 5 minutes and to sublingual administration of nitroglycerin (0.3 mg) were assessed. Changes of forearm blood flow response to reactive hyperemia were significantly less in hypertensive patients (99 +/- 18%) than in age-matched normotensive control subjects (150 +/- 22%, P < .01, n = 39). Blood pressure (mm Hg) was similarly decreased by the treatment with temocapril (160 +/- 4/94 +/- 2 to 139 +/- 3/83 +/- 3, P < .001) or amlodipine (165 +/- 5/94 +/- 3 to 141 +/- 4/82 +/- 3, P < .001). Response to nitroglycerin was not changed by either drug. Forearm vasodilatory response to reactive hyperemia was improved by temocapril (102 +/- 20% to 168 +/- 25%, P < .01) but not by amlodipine (97 +/- 16% to 114 +/- 14%, NS). These results indicate that the treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor temocapril improved forearm vasodilatory response to reactive hyperemia, suggesting its beneficial effect on endothelial function.
Impacts of Drive Cycle and Ambient Temperature on Modelled Gasoline Particulate Filter Soot Accumulation and Regeneration (2018)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Gasoline particulate filters (GPF) are used as an efficient solution to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions on gasoline vehicles. GPFs are ceramic wall-flow filters and are normally located downstream of conventional three-way catalysts (TWC) [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. The study in this paper is intended to evaluate the impact of drive cycle and ambient temperature on modelled GPF soot accumulation and regeneration. The test data were obtained through real road testing in Chinese cities including Nanjing, Hainan and Harbin. Five 2.0 L gasoline turbo direct-injection (GTDI) prototype vehicles from several China Stage 6 applications were employed for the road tests. The results of the testing indicated that a drive cycle with low engine speed and engine load, like a typical city road in rush hour traffic in Nanjing, had a low probability of generating high GPF temperatures (&amp;gt; 600 °C) and sufficient oxygen to regenerate the GPF. However, the soot accumulation model performed as expected [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;] and the soot regeneration model demonstrated sufficient opportunity to oxidize soot prior to excessive soot accumulation, even under the limited city drive cycle conditions. Ambient temperatures during cold engine starts played a significant role in the amount of modeled soot being generated during any given drive cycle. Considerably more soot was generated during cold starts at low ambient conditions (&amp;lt; 0 °C) due to the increase in fuel mass and the use and duration of compression injection to aid in catalyst heating.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Functional evaluation of quadriplegic patients using a hand neuroprosthesis. (1990)

The objective of this retrospective study was to compare the abilities of quadriplegic patients to complete activities of daily living with and without the use of a portable hand neuroprosthesis. The neuroprosthesis provided synthetic hand grasp through functional neuromuscular stimulation of paralyzed forearm and hand muscles. Data were obtained from telephone interviews, patient records, and videotapes. Twenty-two quadriplegic patients were included in the study; 15 were functional at a C5 spinal cord injury level and seven at a C6 level. The median success rate (ie, the percentage of patients who could complete each activity) across the ten activities was 89% with the hand neuroprosthesis but was only 49% without the hand neuroprosthesis. All patients could perform more tasks when the neuroprosthesis was used, although the relative improvement of C5 patients was larger than that of C6 patients.
Upstream and Passage Endwall Film Cooling of a Transonic Turbine Vane (2022)

Adiabatic film cooling effectiveness was measured on the endwall of a turbine vane under transonic flow conditions using binary pressure-sensitive paint. The combined effect of upstream and passage film cooling holes was evaluated. The experiments used a five-vane annular cascade in a blowdown wind tunnel. The mainstream velocity was set to exit isentropic Mach numbers of 0.7 and 0.9. The total coolant-to-mainstream mass flow ratio (MFR) was varied from 0.75 to 2.50%. Coolant-to-mainstream density ratios (DRs) of 1.0 and 2.0 were investigated. The first row was located upstream of the vanes, and the second and third rows were located in the passage between the vanes. Coolant was supplied by a divided plenum, allowing independent control of the MFR to the upstream and the passage holes. The coolant MFR was evenly split between the upstream and passage holes. Generally, increasing the MFR, the DR, and the Mach number increased the film cooling effectiveness. However, increasing the DR at MFRs of 0.625% and below decreased the laterally averaged film cooling effectiveness by as much as 60%, largely because mainstream flow was ingested through the second row. Upstream coolant provided some protection through the passage, with effectiveness as high as 0.2 at the second row.
Submicron-channel-length organic thin-film transistors on flexible substrates (2016)

A process for the fabrication of organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) with channel lengths as short as 0.5 μm on flexible plastic substrates has been developed. The TFTs are fabricated in the bottom-gate, top-contact (inverted staggered) architecture and employ vacuum-deposited small-molecule organic semiconductors and a low-temperature-processed gate dielectric that is sufficiently thin to allow the TFTs to operate with voltages of about 2 to 3 V. For a channel length of 0.5 μm, the TFTs have effective field-effect mobilities of 0.08 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs (p-channel TFTs) and 0.03 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs (n-channel TFTs), on/off current ratios of at least 106, and subthreshold swings of about 140 mV/decade. For 11-stage complementary and unipolar ring oscillators based on TFTs with a channel length of 1 μm, signal propagation delays per stage as short as 6.6 μs and 420 ns have been measured at a supply voltage of 3 V.
Structure of the Ebola Virus Nucleocapsid Core by Single Particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy (2016)

Ebola virus (EBOV) is a deadly pathogen causing severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. Recent epidemics have led to thousand of deaths, chiefly in West Africa. The mortality rate of the most pathogenic strains (e.g. Zaire Ebola virus) can be as high as 90%. There is no licensed vaccine or antiviral. EBOV is an enveloped virus containing a multi-layered nucleocapsid (nucleoprotein NP, VP24, VP30, VP35, RNA polymerase L) harbouring its negative-sense-RNA viral genome. The aim of this study is to determine the structure of the EBOV nucleocapsid core at high resolution using cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM). The gained insights will lead to better understanding of its viral assembly with detailed protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions, which will allow design of point mutants for functional studies and will serve as a structural basis for rational drug or vaccine design.
AKMA: Delegated Authentication System of 5G (2021)

Authentication and key management for applications (AKMA) is the new cellular-network-based delegated authentication system of 5G. In this article, we explain what a delegated authentication system is and how it relates to concepts like federated identity management. We also explain why a cellular-network-based delegated authentication system is more secure than a password-based delegated authentication system. We present a concise description of how AKMA works and compare its functionalities to other cellular-network-based delegated authentication systems. Finally, we describe privacy issues of AKMA and point to cryptographic techniques that could help in resolving these issues.