gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic variants in germline TP53 and MDM2 SNP309 are not associated with early onset colorectal cancer (2008)

Neither germline variants in p53 nor MDM2 SNP309 play an underlying role in the development of very early onset CRC. For the large majority of cases, the genetic basis of this disease remains unknown.
A Method to Fabricate Disconnected Silver Nanostructures in 3D (2012)

The standard nanofabrication toolkit includes techniques primarily aimed at creating 2D patterns in dielectric media. Creating metal patterns on a submicron scale requires a combination of nanofabrication tools and several material processing steps. For example, steps to create planar metal structures using ultraviolet photolithography and electron-beam lithography can include sample exposure, sample development, metal deposition, and metal liftoff. To create 3D metal structures, the sequence is repeated multiple times. The complexity and difficulty of stacking and aligning multiple layers limits practical implementations of 3D metal structuring using standard nanofabrication tools. Femtosecond-laser direct-writing has emerged as a pre-eminent technique for 3D nanofabrication.1,2 Femtosecond lasers are frequently used to create 3D patterns in polymers and glasses.3-7 However, 3D metal direct-writing remains a challenge. Here, we describe a method to fabricate silver nanostructures embedded inside a polymer matrix using a femtosecond laser centered at 800 nm. The method enables the fabrication of patterns not feasible using other techniques, such as 3D arrays of disconnected silver voxels.8 Disconnected 3D metal patterns are useful for metamaterials where unit cells are not in contact with each other,9 such as coupled metal dot10,11or coupled metal rod12,13 resonators. Potential applications include negative index metamaterials, invisibility cloaks, and perfect lenses. In femtosecond-laser direct-writing, the laser wavelength is chosen such that photons are not linearly absorbed in the target medium. When the laser pulse duration is compressed to the femtosecond time scale and the radiation is tightly focused inside the target, the extremely high intensity induces nonlinear absorption. Multiple photons are absorbed simultaneously to cause electronic transitions that lead to material modification within the focused region. Using this approach, one can form structures in the bulk of a material rather than on its surface. Most work on 3D direct metal writing has focused on creating self-supported metal structures.14-16 The method described here yields sub-micrometer silver structures that do not need to be self-supported because they are embedded inside a matrix. A doped polymer matrix is prepared using a mixture of silver nitrate (AgNO3), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and water (H2O). Samples are then patterned by irradiation with an 11-MHz femtosecond laser producing 50-fs pulses. During irradiation, photoreduction of silver ions is induced through nonlinear absorption, creating an aggregate of silver nanoparticles in the focal region. Using this approach we create silver patterns embedded in a doped PVP matrix. Adding 3D translation of the sample extends the patterning to three dimensions.
Modification of Trapping Potential by Inverted Sidekick Electrode Voltage during Detection To Extend Time-Domain Signal Duration for Significantly Enhanced Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Resolution (2007)

Applying an inverted voltage to the "sidekick" electrodes during ion cyclotron resonance detection improves both Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectral signal-to-noise ratio (at fixed resolving power) and resolving power (at fixed signal-to-noise ratio). The time-domain signal duration increases by up to a factor of 2. The method has been applied to 7-T FT-ICR MS of electrosprayed positive ions from substance P and human growth hormone protein ( approximately 22 000 Da, m/Deltam50% 200 000), without the need for pulsed cooling gas inside the ICR trap. The modification can be easily adapted to any FT-ICR instrument equipped with sidekick electrodes. The present effects are shown to be comparable to electron field modification by injection of an electron beam during ICR detection, reported by Kaiser and Bruce (Kaiser, N. K.; Bruce, J. E. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 5973-5981.). Although the exact mechanism is not fully understood, computer simulations show that a flattening of the radial potential gradient along the magnetic field direction in the ICR trap may contribute to the effects. This study not only provides a way to enhance the quality of FT-ICR mass spectra but also offers insight into understanding of ion motions inside an ICR ion trap.
Adaptive Takeoff Maneuver Optimization of a Sailing Boat for America’s Cup (2022)

This paper presents the development of optimal takeoff maneuvers for an AC75 foiling sailboat competing in the oldest and most prestigious sailboat competition in the world, America’s Cup. The AC75 sailboat presents many challenges to developing these optimal maneuvers due to its nonlinear, high-dimensional, and highly unstable dynamics. During the takeoff maneuver, the boat starts in the water with low speed (displacement mode) and increases its speed until it reaches steady-state foiling (the hull stays out of the water). We optimized the time for the boat’s transitions from displacement mode to foiling mode while maximizing the projection of the velocity in the desired target direction (VMG). We used an adaptive control approach to obtain these optimal maneuvers, which involved using a high-fidelity sailboat simulator for data generation and Jacobian learning for optimization. The optimal solutions were subject to value and rate constraints based on the physical limitations of the actuators, as well as the constraints enforced by human (sailors) abilities to perform such maneuvers. The optimal takeoff maneuver had an average VMG of 7.42 [m s-1], the boat reached the desired takeoff velocity in 14.8 [s] and completed the entire maneuver in 36.4 [s]. The optimal solutions provide insightful information about the dynamic behavior of this complex system and serve as benchmarks for the sailors.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Allyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranosides by an in situ Anomerization Protocol. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification of Viscoplastic Model Parameters for 304L Stainless Steel using the Virtual Fields Method. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Ultra-Sparse View Reconstruction for Flash X-Ray Imaging using Consensus\n Equilibrium (2021)

A growing number of applications require the reconstructionof 3D objects from\na very small number of views. In this research, we consider the problem of\nreconstructing a 3D object from only 4 Flash X-ray CT views taken during the\nimpact of a Kolsky bar. For such ultra-sparse view datasets, even model-based\niterative reconstruction (MBIR) methods produce poor quality results.\n In this paper, we present a framework based on a generalization of\nPlug-and-Play, known as Multi-Agent Consensus Equilibrium (MACE), for\nincorporating complex and nonlinear prior information into ultra-sparse CT\nreconstruction. The MACE method allows any number of agents to simultaneously\nenforce their own prior constraints on the solution. We apply our method on\nsimulated and real data and demonstrate that MACE reduces artifacts, improves\nreconstructed image quality, and uncovers image features which were otherwise\nindiscernible.\n
Differences in Frontal Plane Knee Joint Angles Measured From 3D Imaging and 3D Motion Capture in Knee Osteoarthritis (2018)

It has been proposed that higher knee adduction moments and associated malalignment in subjects with severe medial knee joint osteoarthritis (OA) is due to anatomical deformities as a result of OA [1, 2]. The emergence of patient-matched implants should allow for correction of any existing malalignment. Currently the plans for such surgeries are often based on three dimensional supine computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which may not be representative of malalignment during functional loading. We investigated differences in frontal plane alignment in control subjects and subjects with severe knee joint OA who had undergone both supine imaging and gait analysis.Fifteen subjects with severe knee OA, affecting either the medial or lateral compartment, and 18 control subjects were selected from a database established as part of a larger study. All subjects had undergone gait analysis using the Vicon motion capture system. OA subjects had undergone routine CT scans and were sche...
A Novel Soft-switched Bidirectional Isolated AC/DC Converter (2002)

Abstract- A novel ac/dc converter topology incorporates a voltage source converter with capacitive snubbers and a cycloconverter, connected by a transformer. By alternately commutating the two converters it is possible to achieve soft switching conditions for all of the semiconductor elements. A control method is studied by which it is possible to reduce the transformer core losses by only magnetising the transformer when a PWM pulse should be applied on the ac side of the system. Furthermore, it is shown that resonant commutation of the voltage source converter is possible by utilizing the cycloconverter for short circuiting the transformer terminals. I.
Efficiently locating photographs in many panoramas (2010)

We present a method for efficient and reliable geo-positioning of images. It relies on image-based matching of the query images onto a trellis of existing images that provides accurate 5-DOF calibration (camera position and orientation without scale). As such it can handle any image input, including old historical images, matched against a whole city. On such a scale, care needs to be taken with the size of the database. We deviate from previous work by using 360° panoramas to simultaneously reduce the database size and increase the coverage. To reduce the likelihood of false matches, we restrict the range of angles for matched features. Furthermore, we enhance the RANSAC procedure to include two phases. The second phase includes guided feature matching to increase the likelihood of positive matches. Hence, we devise a matching confidence score that separates between true and false matches. We demonstrate the algorithm on a large scale database covering a whole city in order to show its usefulness for a vision-based augmented reality system.
Integrins as novel drug discovery targets: potential therapeutic and diagnostic implications (2000)

The role of integrin and extracellular matrix proteins in various pathological processes (including angiogenesis, thrombosis, apoptosis, cell migration and proliferation), leading to both acute and chronic disease states (such as ocular diseases, metastasis, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, osteoporosis, a wide range of inflammatory diseases, vascular remodelling, neurodegenerative disorders), has been recently documented. A key success in this field is evident from the potential role of the platelet GPIIb/IIIa integrin in the prevention, treatment and diagnosis of various thromboembolic disorders. Additionally, progress in the development of leukocyte α4β1 antagonists for various inflammatory indications and αv integrin antagonists for angiogenesis and vascular-related disorders has occurred. The rationale for the development of various therapeutic and diagnostic candidates based on the key role of integrin in various diseases will be reviewed.
Purification and characterization of heparin-binding endothelial cell growth factors. (1986)

Thirteen endothelial cell growth factors have been purified to homogeneity by heparin affinity and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and their chromatographic and electrophoretic properties were compared. The amino acid compositions of 10 of these mitogens have also been determined. The results indicate that these heparin-binding growth factors (HBGFs) can be subdivided into two classes. Class 1 HBGFs are anionic mitogens of molecular weight 15,000-17,000 found in high levels in neural tissue and include acidic brain fibroblast growth factor and retina-derived growth factor. Class 2 HBGFs are cationic mitogens of molecular weight 18,000-20,000 found in a variety of normal tissues and are typified by pituitary fibroblast growth factor and cartilage-derived growth factor. Typical class 2 HBGFs have also been isolated from a rat chondrosarcoma, a human melanoma, and a human hepatoma, suggesting that tumors do not make a structurally distinct HBGF class. These results provide a sound basis for the evaluation of the HBGFs purified from a variety of tissues and species and for the delineation of their normal and pathological functions in vivo.
Effects of Estrogens on the Ultrastructural Characteristics of Female Rat Prolactin Cells as Evaluated by in situ Hybridization in Combination with Immunogold Staining Technique (1990)

We have recently reported that, in the rat pituitary, prolactin (PRL) is synthesized and stored in two different cell types: the typical PRL cell characterized by the presence of large irregular secretory granules and another cell type containing small round secretory granules. Since the secretion of PRL is stimulated by estrogens, we decided to investigate the effect of gonadectomy and estradiol (E2) replacement therapy in female rats on both cell types using a combination of in situ hybridization and immunostaining. Gonadectomy induced a marked decrease in hybridization signal and an almost complete disappearance of the classical PRL cells. The most abundant PRL cells were the small-granule-containing cells and other PRL cells characterized by the presence of both small and large granules. These changes in the PRL cell population were completely prevented by E2 administration to castrated animals. These studies indicate that E2 cannot only regulate PRL mRNA but also induce important morphological changes in PRL cell types.
Range-dependent sound-speed perturbations: Travel time approximations and ray geometry (1982)

A number of approximations, both linear and nonlinear, for computing the variations in acoustic travel time due to mesoscale eddies, have been examined. Such approximations are an alternative to fully range-dependent calculations and are necessary to linearize the problem of inverting travel-time variations to obtain sound-speed perturbations. Calculations were performed for a number of sound-speed profiles with source and receiver on the sound-channel axis separated by 300 km. A single mesoscale eddy was assumed to be present. It was found that: (i) no one of the approximations tested is uniformly the best, (ii) the eddy position relative to the ray path is quite significant, (iii) the approximate travel time perturbations can be in error by up to roughly 100% for large (3 °C) eddies in some situations, and (iv) the exact travel-time perturbations are not sensitive to whether the eddy boundaries are assumed sharp or gradual. Vertical displacements of the ray path due to a mesoscale eddy can be of order several hundred meters for large eddies.
Cross-Domain Weakly-Supervised Object Detection Through Progressive Domain Adaptation (2018)

Can we detect common objects in a variety of image domains without instance-level annotations? In this paper, we present a framework for a novel task, cross-domain weakly supervised object detection, which addresses this question. For this paper, we have access to images with instance-level annotations in a source domain (e.g., natural image) and images with image-level annotations in a target domain (e.g., watercolor). In addition, the classes to be detected in the target domain are all or a subset of those in the source domain. Starting from a fully supervised object detector, which is pre-trained on the source domain, we propose a two-step progressive domain adaptation technique by fine-tuning the detector on two types of artificially and automatically generated samples. We test our methods on our newly collected datasets containing three image domains, and achieve an improvement of approximately 5 to 20 percentage points in terms of mean average precision (mAP) compared to the best-performing baselines.
miR-1246 in tumor extracellular vesicles promotes metastasis via increased tumor cell adhesion and endothelial cell barrier destruction (2023)

miR-1246 in high metastatic tumor EVs promotes lung metastasis by inducing the adhesion of tumor cells to ECs and destroying the EC barrier.
Stable, Ultra-Low Residence Time Partial Oxidation (2023)

A process for the catalytic partial oxidation of methane in gas phase at very short residence time (800,000 to 12,000,000 hr.sup.-1) by contacting a gas stream containing methane and oxygen with a metal supported catalyst, such as platinum deposited on a ceramic monolith.
A Family of Hybrid Analog–Digital Beamforming Methods for Massive MIMO Systems (2019)

In massive MIMO systems, hybrid beamforming is an essential technique for exploiting the potential array gain without using a dedicated RF chain for each antenna. In this paper, we consider the data phase in massive MIMO communication, where the transmitter and receiver use fewer RF chains than antennas. We examine several different fully and partially connected schemes and consider the design of hybrid beamformers that minimize the estimation error in the data. For the hybrid precoder, we introduce a framework for approximating the optimal fully digital precoder with a feasible hybrid one. We exploit the fact that the fully digital precoder is unique only up to a unitary matrix and optimize over this matrix and the hybrid precoder alternately. Our alternating minimization of approximation gap (Alt-MaG) framework improves the performance over state-of-the-art methods with no substantial increase in complexity. In addition, we present a special case of Alt-MaG, minimal gap iterative quantization (MaGiQ), that results in low complexity and lower mean squared error (MSE) than other common methods, in the case of very few RF chains. MaGiQ is also shown to coincide with the optimal fully digital solution in some scenarios. For combiner design, we exploit the structure of the MSE objective and develop a greedy ratio trace maximization technique that achieves low MSE under various settings. All of our algorithms can be used with multiple hardware architectures.
Quercetin Suppresses Bone Resorption by Inhibiting the Differentiation and Activation of Osteoclasts (2004)

Although quercetin has suppressed bone resorption in several animal studies, its target cells and the mechanism of its action related to bone resorption has not been fully elucidated. We investigated the effect of quercetin on the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. We used cocultures of mouse spleen cells and ST2 cells, and cultures of osteoclast progenitor cells [M-CSF-dependent (MD) cells from mouse bone marrow and murine monocytic RAW 264 (RAW) cells]. Quercetin dose-dependently inhibited osteoclast-like (OCL) cell formation at 2-5 microM concentration in both the coculture and MD cell culture. Quercetin inhibited the increase of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity of mononuclear preosteoclasts (pOCs) induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) ligand (RANKL) in both MD and RAW cell cultures. Quercetin reversely induced the disruption of actin rings in OCLs. Quercetin also suppressed both pit formation induced by osteoclasts on dentine slices and PTH-stimulated (45)Ca release in mouse long bone cultures. These results suggest that osteoclast progenitors as well as mature osteoclasts, are quercetin's target cells in relation to bone resorption, and that quercetin's suppressive effect on bone resorption results from both its inhibitory effect on the differentiation of osteoclast progenitor cells into pOCs and from its disruptive effect on actin rings in mature osteoclasts.
C3, C4, and the terminal complement complex differ from C1q by binding predominantly to the antigenic part of solid phase immune complexes. (1990)

The binding of the C components C1q, C4, C3, the terminal C5b-9 complement complex (TCC) and S protein to immune complexes was studied. The hapten 5-iodo-4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenacetyl (NIP) conjugated to BSA was adsorbed to polystyrene plates and reacted with a human IgG3-mouse chimeric anti-NIP antibody. After addition of serum a dose-dependent binding of C1q, C4, C3, and TCC to the immune complexes was found. An increase in the amount of NIP-BSA was associated with an increase in the binding of TCC and a decrease in the binding of S-protein. After addition of soluble NIP only 4 to 6% of the anti-NIP antibody remained bound to the Ag. C1q showed diminished binding after addition of NIP, whereas C4, C3, and TCC quantitatively remained bound to the Ag. Binding of TCC to the immune complexes was also found in an alternative assay, in which the anti-NIP antibody was adsorbed to the solid phase before NIP-BSA and an additional layer of anti-NIP antibody were added. The supernatants from the solid phase assay were tested for C3 activation and formation of the fluid phase TCC (SC5b-9). Activation of the C3 was reflected in the fluid phase by a dose-dependent increase in C3 activation products. This was not seen for TCC despite increased binding to the solid phase.
Expert systems: perils and promise (1986)

Based on a review of some actual expert-system projects, guidelines are proposed for choosing appropriate applications and managing the development process.