gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
This Review Recent Advances in Chitosan and Alginate‐Based Hydrogels for Wound Healing Application (2021)

Wound healing is a complicated yet necessary event that takes place in both animals and human beings for the body to repair itself due to injury. Wound healing involves various stages that ensure the restoration of the injured tissue at the end of the process. Wound dressing material acts as a protective extracellular barrier against potential damage to the injury and microbial invasion. Naturally, polysaccharides (chitosan and alginate) have inherent properties that have made them attractive for their usage in wound healing therapy. Alginate and chitosan have been used to develop novel wound healing and smart biomaterials due to various functionalities such as reducing swelling, non-toxic nature, biocompatibility, antimicrobial potential, and maintenance moist environment, ability to absorb wound fluid, and skin regeneration promotion. Functionalization of polysaccharides is one of the many approaches that have been used to modify and enhance the wound healing properties of these biomaterials. Many studies have been done to modify the polysaccharide hydrogels. Some of these are highlighted in this paper. The designing and development of smart hydrogels that react to their environment have recently sparked a significant scientific and pharmaceutical interest. Smart hydrogel development has been the primary focal area for developing highly advanced and sophisticated wound healing therapeutic technologies. This paper seeks to comprehensively shed light on the advancements of functionalized chitosan and alginate-based hydrogels and their applicability in wound healing therapeutics. In addition to this, thus identifying critical drawbacks faced in existing hydrogel systems and how prospective technologies enable digitally controlled bio-platforms coupled with biomaterials to improve wound care. This review hopes to stimulate and encourage researchers to identify future avenues worth investigation.
Editorial to Special CACS Issue on AICCSA 2008 (2009)

I am both honored and pleased to be the guest editor of this special section of the Communications on the Arab Computer Society on the ACS/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA), which was held in Doha, Qatar from March 31 to April 4, 2008. This section contains extended versions of three selected papers from AICCSA 2008. These papers have been regarded as some of the best papers presented at the conference.....
Behavioral, Histological, and Ex Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Graded Contusion Spinal Cord Injury in Mice (2007)

This study characterized the Infinite Horizon (IH) Impactor for use in mouse models of contusion spinal cord injury (SCI), and investigated the feasibility and reliability of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a method to accurately measure lesion volume after mouse contusion SCI. Eight-week-old female C57Bl/6 mice received a mild (30 kilodyne), moderate (50 kilodyne), or severe (70 kilodyne) contusion injury at the T9 vertebral level. Uninjured control mice received a T9 laminectomy only. Functional recovery was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) and Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) open-field locomotor rating scales. Next, 4% paraformaldehyde-perfused spinal cords were collected between the T6 and T12 spinal roots, and stored in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 4 degrees C until MRI analysis. MRI lesion volumes were determined using T1-weighted images on a 7-Tesla MRI. Histology was performed on 20-microm polyester wax-embedded sections processed from the same spinal cords for stereological determination of fibronectin lesion volume and myelin basic protein spared white matter volume. Area of spared white matter at the epicenter was also analyzed. The results demonstrated that the IH Impactor produced precise, graded contusion SCI in mice. Lesion volumes were positively correlated with force of impact, and negatively correlated with spared white matter and functional recovery. Additionally, similar lesion volumes were detected using fibronectin staining and MRI analysis, although MRI may be more sensitive for milder injuries. These results give researchers more options in how to analyze spinal cord injuries in animal models.
Cutting Edge: BAFF Regulates CD21/35 and CD23 Expression Independent of Its B Cell Survival Function (2004)

Herein we demonstrate that B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF), a B cell survival factor, also regulates CD21/35 and CD23 expression. BAFF blockade in wild-type mice down-modulates CD21/35 and CD23 on B cells while survival remains intact, and BAFF exposure causes elevated CD21/35 and CD23 expression. Similar down-modulation is observed in bcl-2-transgenic mice treated with a BAFF inhibitor. This is the first evidence that BAFF has a function independent of B cell survival. Reports using CD21/35 and CD23 expression to assess splenic B cell subsets in BAFF-null mice concluded a lack of B cells beyond the immature stage. Since CD21/35 and CD23 are inadequate for delineating B cell subpopulations in BAFF-null mice, we used expression of BAFF-R and several B cell markers to identify more mature splenic B cells in these mice. These data broaden our understanding of BAFF function and correct the view that BAFF-null mice lack mature B cells.
Electrochemical cells and methods of manufacturing the same (2023)

Electrochemical cells and methods of making electrochemical cells are described herein. In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a multi-layer sheet for encasing an electrode material for an electrochemical cell. The multi-layer sheet including an outer layer, an intermediate layer that includes a conductive substrate, and an inner layer disposed on a portion of the conductive substrate. The intermediate layer is disposed between the outer layer and the inner layer. The inner layer defines an opening through which a conductive region of the intermediate layer is exposed such that the electrode material can be electrically connected to the conductive region. Thus, the intermediate layer can serve as a current collector for the electrochemical cell.
An Approach to the Stepwise Management of Severe Mitral Regurgitation with Optimal Cardiac Pacemaker Function (2014)

Right ventricular apical pacing may cause or worsen mitral regurgitation (MR). Potential mechanisms for this adverse sequelae include intraventricular dyssynchrony, altered papillary muscle function, pacing-induced cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dilation, and annular dilation. In contrast, biventricular (BiV) pacing may improve MR presumably by opposing the negative effects. Whether or not left ventricular lead location is important in treating mitral regurgitation in patients with pacemakers is unknown. We report a case of severe MR and left ventricular (LV) systolic failure in a patient with right ventricular pacing. Multiple potential etiologies for the worsening valve function were noted, and a stepwise iterative optimizing scheme that included basal lateral LV pacing improved mitral valve function and ameliorated heart failure symptoms.
Large-Area Graphene Transfer through Synthesis of an Interfacial Release Layer between Epitaxial Cu(Ni)(111) and Al2O3(0001) Template (2020)

As the pioneer two-dimensional material with outstanding properties, graphene is still lacking a CMOS compatible handling process, both for growth and transfer. This restriction slows down the application of large-scale-high-quality monolayer graphene (MLG). The synthesis of wafer-scale single-crystal MLG has matured utilizing a single-crystal Cu(111) deposit epitaxially on c-plane sapphire as a growth template [1,2] . However, the non-straightforward intercalation base transfer process [3] becomes a bottleneck. Hence, an interfacial release layer between Cu and sapphire could provide an alternative route for the graphene transfer process. Here, we report on the synthesis of large-area multilayer graphene at the interface of epitaxial Cu(Ni)(111)/ Al 2 O 3 (0001) using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The interfacial carbon layer (ICL) was synthesized by introducing CH 4 and H 2 gases in the CVD chamber at 1050°C, and characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and AFM. Carbon layers with thickness up to 80nm were observed at the interface between 500nm thick Cu and Al 2 O 3 . The effects of the partial pressure of gases - P H2 and P CH4 – and template substrate on the growth dynamics were investigated systematically by optical microscopy and image analysis. The growth rate and deposition area of ICL are positively correlated with P CH4 . In the Cu 85 Ni 15 (111) system, ICL coverage is significantly lower compared to Cu(111). This is attributed to the faster growth rate of a top surface MLG, which blocks the access of carbon into the interface of Cu(Ni)/Al 2 O 3 . A higher P H2 slows down the MLG growth, leading to a denser ICL deposition in both substrates. The growth mechanism of this ICL is also proposed as the result of two competing effects: 1. The high P CH4 environment drives the decomposed carbon species to the interface from the top surface by diffusion through the bulk of the catalytic metal. 2. The blockage of carbon access to the bulk of metal once the top layer MLG is closed. After process optimization, the ICL could be synthesized simultaneously with top layer high-quality CVD MLG. In the future, this process could provide opportunities to enable CMOS compatible large-scale-high-quality MLG transfer. K. Verguts et al., ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. , 5 , Q3060–Q3066 (2016). M. Huang et al., ACS Nano , 12 , 6117–6127 (2018). K. Verguts et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces , 9 , 37484–37492 (2017).
Automatic 2D-3D Registration without Contrast Agent during Neurovascular Interventions (2021)

Fusing live fluoroscopy images with a 3D rotational reconstruction of the vasculature allows to navigate endovascular devices in minimally invasive neuro-vascular treatment, while reducing the usage of harmful iodine contrast medium. The alignment of the fluoroscopy images and the 3D reconstruction is initialized using the sensor information of the X-ray C-arm geometry. Patient motion is then corrected by an image-based registration algorithm, based on a gradient difference similarity measure using digital reconstructed radiographs of the 3D reconstruction. This algorithm does not require the vessels in the fluoroscopy image to be filled with iodine contrast agent, but rather relies on gradients in the image (bone structures, sinuses) as landmark features. This paper investigates the accuracy, robustness and computation time aspects of the image-based registration algorithm. Using phantom experiments 97% of the registration attempts passed the success criterion of a residual registration error of less than 1 mm translation and 3° rotation. The paper establishes a new method for validation of 2D-3D registration without requiring changes to the clinical workflow, such as attaching fiducial markers. As a consequence, this method can be retrospectively applied to pre-existing clinical data. For clinical data experiments, 87% of the registration attempts passed the criterion of a residual translational error of &lt; 1 mm, and 84% possessed a rotational error of &lt; 3°.
Chemical Genomics-Based Antifungal Drug Discovery: Targeting Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Precursor Biosynthesis (2014)

Steadily increasing antifungal drug resistance and persistent high rates of fungal-associated mortality highlight the dire need for the development of novel antifungals. Characterization of inhibitors of one enzyme in the GPI anchor pathway, Gwt1, has generated interest in the exploration of targets in this pathway for further study. Utilizing a chemical genomics-based screening platform referred to as the Candida albicans fitness test (CaFT), we have identified novel inhibitors of Gwt1 and a second enzyme in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) cell wall anchor pathway, Mcd4. We further validate these targets using the model fungal organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae and demonstrate the utility of using the facile toolbox that has been compiled in this species to further explore target specific biology. Using these compounds as probes, we demonstrate that inhibition of Mcd4 as well as Gwt1 blocks the growth of a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens and exposes key elicitors of pathogen recognition. Interestingly, a strong chemical synergy is also observed by combining Gwt1 and Mcd4 inhibitors, mirroring the demonstrated synthetic lethality of combining conditional mutants of GWT1 and MCD4. We further demonstrate that the Mcd4 inhibitor M720 is efficacious in a murine infection model of systemic candidiasis. Our results establish Mcd4 as a promising antifungal target and confirm the GPI cell wall anchor synthesis pathway as a promising antifungal target area by demonstrating that effects of inhibiting it are more general than previously recognized.
ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE6 delays the onset of age-dependent leaf senescence (2020)

Age-dependent changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are critical in leaf senescence. While H2O2-reducing enzymes such as catalases and cytosolic ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE1 (APX1) tightly control the oxidative load during senescence, their regulation and function are not specific to senescence. Previously, we identified the role of ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE6 (APX6) during seed maturation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we show that APX6 is a bona fide senescence-associated gene. APX6 expression is specifically induced in aging leaves and in response to senescence-promoting stimuli such as abscisic acid (ABA), extended darkness, and osmotic stress. apx6 mutants showed early developmental senescence and increased sensitivity to dark stress. Reduced APX activity, increased H2O2 level, and altered redox state of the ascorbate pool in mature pre-senescing green leaves of the apx6 mutants correlated with the early onset of senescence. Using transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, we unraveled the age-dependent post-transcriptional regulation of APX6. We then identified the coding sequence of APX6 as a potential target of miR398, which is a key regulator of copper redistribution. Furthermore, we showed that mutants of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7 (SPL7), the master regulator of copper homeostasis and miR398 expression, have a higher APX6 level compared with the wild type, which further increased under copper deficiency. Our study suggests that APX6 is a modulator of ROS/redox homeostasis and signaling in aging leaves that plays an important role in developmental- and stress-induced senescence programs.
NfuA, a New Factor Required for Maturing Fe/S Proteins in Escherichia coli under Oxidative Stress and Iron Starvation Conditions (2008)

Iron/sulfur (Fe/S) proteins are central to the functioning of cells in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Here, we show that the yhgI gene, which we renamed nfuA, encodes a two-domain protein that is required for Fe/S biogenesis in Escherichia coli. The N-terminal domain resembles the so-called Fe/S A-type scaffold but, curiously, has lost the functionally important Cys residues. The C-terminal domain shares sequence identity with Nfu proteins. Mössbauer and UV-visible spectroscopic analyses revealed that, upon reconstitution, NfuA binds a [4Fe-4S] cluster. Moreover, NfuA can transfer this cluster to apo-aconitase. Mutagenesis studies indicated that the N- and C-terminal domains are important for NfuA function in vivo. Similarly, the functional importance of Cys residues present in the Nfu-like domain was demonstrated in vivo by introducing Cys-->Ser mutations. In vivo investigations revealed that the nfuA gene is important for E. coli to sustain oxidative stress and iron starvation. Also, combining nfuA with either isc or suf mutations led to additive phenotypic deficiencies, indicating that NfuA is a bona fide new player in Isc- and Suf-dependent Fe/S biogenesis pathways. Taken together, these data demonstrate that NfuA intervenes in the maturation of apoproteins in E. coli, allowing them to acquire Fe/S clusters. By taking into account results from numerous previous transcriptomic studies that had suggested a link between NfuA and protein misfolding, we discuss the possibility that NfuA could act as a scaffold/chaperone for damaged Fe/S proteins.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphism and hypertension: The Ohasama study (2002)

The present results indicate the absence of direct effects of the ACE D-allele on BP level, prevalence of hypertension, prevalence of cardiovascular disease, and circadian BP variation. We conclude there is little association between ACE I/D polymorphism and hypertension in the general Japanese population.
Discovery of Potent 2-Aryl-6,7-dihydro-5 H -pyrrolo[1,2- a ]imidazoles as WDR5-WIN-Site Inhibitors Using Fragment-Based Methods and Structure-Based Design (2018)

WDR5 is a chromatin-regulatory scaffold protein overexpressed in various cancers and a potential epigenetic drug target for the treatment of mixed-lineage leukemia. Here, we describe the discovery of potent and selective WDR5-WIN-site inhibitors using fragment-based methods and structure-based design. NMR-based screening of a large fragment library identified several chemically distinct hit series that bind to the WIN site within WDR5. Members of a 6,7-dihydro-5 H-pyrrolo[1,2- a]imidazole fragment class were expanded using a structure-based design approach to arrive at lead compounds with dissociation constants <10 nM and micromolar cellular activity against an AML-leukemia cell line. These compounds represent starting points for the discovery of clinically useful WDR5 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
Novel 3D integration process for highly scalable Nano-Beam stacked-channels GAA (NBG) FinFETs with HfO2/TiN gate stack (2006)

Three- and four-level matrices of 15 times 70 nm Si Nano-Beams have been integrated with a novel CMOS gate-all-around process (GAA) down to 80 nm gate length. Thanks to this 3D-GAA extension of a Finfet process, a more than 5times higher current density per layout surface is achieved compared to planar transistors with the same gate stack (HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /TiN/Poly-Si). For the first time, several properties of this novel 3D architecture are explored: (i) HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /TiN gate stack is integrated, (ii) electrons and holes mobilities are measured on 150 beams matrices (3 levels) and compared to those of planar transistors (hi) a sub-100nm channel width is demonstrated and (iv) specific 3D integration challenges like zipping between nano-beams are discussed
Measurement of the top quark polarization and tt¯ spin correlations using dilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at s=13  TeV (2019)

Measurements of the top quark polarization and top quark pair (t t) spin correlations are presented using events containing two oppositely charged leptons (e e -, e AE , or -) produced in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb -1 . A set of parton-level normalized differential cross sections, sensitive to each of the independent coefficients of the spin-dependent parts of the t t production density matrix, is measured for the first time at 13 TeV. The measured distributions and extracted coefficients are compared with standard model predictions from simulations at next-to-leadingorder (NLO) accuracy in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and from NLO QCD calculations including electroweak corrections. All measurements are found to be consistent with the expectations of the standard model. The normalized differential cross sections are used in fits to constrain the anomalous chromomagnetic and chromoelectric dipole moments of the top quark to -0.24 < C tG = 2 < 0.07 TeV -2 and -0.33 < C I tG = 2 < 0.20 TeV -2 , respectively, at the 95% confidence level.
Evaluation of thermomechanical behavior of electronic devices through the use of a reduced order modelling approach (2023)

Warpage is an issue in the manufacturing of electronic packages. The main driver for this effect is the mismatch of material properties especially during temperature cycling. To predict warpage before building samples, the FEM (Finite Element Method) is used in this study. PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) are assembled in array format. Thus the simulation should be done in this format. Studies investigated PCBs thru a detailed representation [1]. However, no studies were found which simulate an array of PCBAs (Assembled PCBs). This is mainly due limitation of the hardware memory. The array of m2x modules in this work is not feasible to be calculation thru a usual modelling approach, even not through cloud computing. Thus this study investigates the use of substructures to overcome the hardware limitations. The array was manufactured and the simulation results were validated by using DIC (Digital Image Correlation). The predicted warpage of the novel modelling approach is well aligned with the measurement results.The establishment of the method for array format warpage assessment significantly decreases the development times for electronic packages, due to the mitigation of reliability risks and thus design cycles.
Advanced phase change medium of over 30 GB capacity for blue laser and high-NA objective lens (2003)

Advanced phase change medium of over 30GB data capacity has been proposed and the recording characteristics of the medium have been described. The medium has L-H polarity, Bi-substituted GeTe-rich pseudo-binary alloy film as the recording layer, and thin metal absorption control layer. The recording measurement was carried out by using a blue laser light source with the wavelength of 405nm and an objective lens with NA of 0.85. Both CNR and ER have been improved by the use of the Bi-substituted GeTe-rich composition. XE has been reduced by the use of the absorption control layer. The bER measurement demonstrated its capability for over 30GB data capacity.
(Invited) Practical Strategies for Tuning Optical, Structural and Thermal Properties in Group IV Ternary Semiconductors (2010)

Recently synthesized SiGeSn ternary alloys offer the possibility of varying their composition and thus their optical behavior while maintaining the lattice parameter at a constant value. In this paper we use theoretical calculations to show that the bandgap of Ge1-X(Si0.8Sn0.2)X derivatives can be varied from 0.8 to 1.1 eV (X =0 - 0.5) at a fixed lattice constant identical to Ge. We also show that Sn clustering in the diamond cubic structure can alter both the magnitude and character (direct/indirect) of the bandgap in these systems, particularly at high Sn concentrations. First principles thermochemistry simulations were finally used to calculate the Gibbs free energy and demonstrate that the mixing entropy is responsible for the stabilization of the ternary alloys with respect to GeSn binaries of the same Sn content consistent with experimental observations.