gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The STONE Transform: Multi-Resolution Image Enhancement and Real-Time Compressive Video (2013)

Compressed sensing enables the reconstruction of high-resolution signals from under-sampled data. While compressive methods simplify data acquisition, they require the solution of difficult recovery problems to make use of the resulting measurements. This article presents a new sensing framework that combines the advantages of both conventional and compressive sensing. Using the proposed \stone transform, measurements can be reconstructed instantly at Nyquist rates at any power-of-two resolution. The same data can then be "enhanced" to higher resolutions using compressive methods that leverage sparsity to "beat" the Nyquist limit. The availability of a fast direct reconstruction enables compressive measurements to be processed on small embedded devices. We demonstrate this by constructing a real-time compressive video camera.
A structure-factor least-squares refinement procedure for macromolecular structures using constrainedandrestrained parameters (1977)

A method of structure-factor least-squares refinement of constrained groups linked by distance restraints has been developed for the refinement of macromolecular structures. Each constrained group can have any number of variable dihedral rotation parameters within the group in addition to the rigid-body translational, rotational and thermal parameters. The matrix of normal equations may be either full or sparse and provision is made for solution by matrix inversion or the conjugate-gradient iterative method. This procedure has been successfully used for 3 Å data and should be applicable even for lower-resolution data and especially for cases with a poorer data-per-atom ratio. The structure of yeast phenylalanine tRNA has been refined with this procedure from a starting crystallographic R value of 42% to a final R value of 25% with isotropic 'group" thermal parameters and 22% with isotropic atomic thermal parameters for 8207 independent reflections at 2.7 Å resolution. The proper stereochemistry of bond distances, angles and van der Waals contacts for the restrained atoms was maintained within reasonable limits throughout the refinement. Although originally developed for nucleic acids, this procedure is directly applicable to the refinement of protein structures. In addition, a combination of applying distance restraints between groups and least-squares fitting of these groups to target coordinates has been used purely as an idealization process for imposing proper stereochemistry on an approximate model.
Abstract 265: Robust anti-tumor effects of combined anti-CD4 depleting antibody and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint antibody treatment in mice (2015)

Abstract Depletion of CD4+ cells in tumor-bearing mice has strong anti-tumor effects. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects and the therapeutic benefits of CD4+ cell depletion relative to other immunotherapies have not been fully evaluated. Here, we investigated the anti-tumor effects of an anti-CD4 depleting monoclonal antibody (mAb) as a monotherapy or in combination with immune checkpoint mAbs. In B16F10, Colon 26 or LLC subcutaneous tumor models, administration of the anti-CD4 mAb alone had strong anti-tumor effects that were superior to those elicited by CD25+ Treg depletion or other immune checkpoint mAbs, and which were completely reversed by CD8+ cell depletion. CD4+ cell depletion led to the proliferation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in the draining lymph node and increased infiltration of PD-1+CD8+ T cells into the tumor, with a shift towards type I immunity within the tumor. Combination treatment with the anti-CD4 mAb and immune checkpoint mAbs, particularly anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 mAbs, synergistically suppressed tumor growth and greatly prolonged survival. To our knowledge, this work represents the first report of robust synergy between anti-CD4 and anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 mAb therapies. Citation Format: Satoru Ito, Kouji Matsushima, Satoshi Ueha, Shoji Yokochi, Yoshiro Ishiwata, Kosuke Hachiga, Haru Ogiwara, Krishant Chand, Takumi Nakajima. Robust anti-tumor effects of combined anti-CD4 depleting antibody and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint antibody treatment in mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 265. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-265
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,4,5‐Triaryl‐1H‐imidazoles. (2010)

Abstract Compared to benzoin (III), benzil (I) affords marginally higher yields in shorter reaction times.
Structure–Activity Relationship in Monosaccharide-Based Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Antagonists (2018)

The structure-activity relationship was investigated in a series of synthetic TLR4 antagonists formed by a glucosamine core linked to two phosphate esters and two linear carbon chains. Molecular modeling showed that the compounds with 10, 12, and 14 carbons chains are associated with higher stabilization of the MD-2/TLR4 antagonist conformation than in the case of the C16 variant. Binding experiments with human MD-2 showed that the C12 and C14 variants have higher affinity than C10, while the C16 variant did not interact with the protein. The molecules, with the exception of the C16 variant, inhibited the LPS-stimulated TLR4 signal in human and murine cells, and the antagonist potency mirrored the MD-2 affinity calculated from in vitro binding experiments. Fourier-transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and small angle X-ray scattering measurements suggested that the aggregation state in aqueous solution depends on fatty acid chain lengths and that this property can influence TLR4 activity in this series of compounds.
Imaging CXCR4 Expression in Human Cancer Xenografts: Evaluation of Monocyclam64Cu-AMD3465 (2011)

The chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is overexpressed in several cancers and metastases and as such presents an enticing target for molecular imaging of metastases and metastatic potential of the primary tumor. CXCR4-based imaging agents could also be useful for diagnosis, staging, and therapeutic monitoring. Here we evaluated a positron-emitting monocyclam analog, (64)Cu-{N-[1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecanyl-1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]-2-(aminomethyl)pyridine} ((64)Cu-AMD3465), in subcutaneous U87 brain tumors and U87 tumors stably expressing CXCR4 (U87-stb-CXCR4) and in colon tumors (HT-29) using dynamic and whole-body PET supported by ex vivo biodistribution studies. Both dynamic and whole-body PET/CT studies show specific accumulation of radioactivity in U87-stb-CXCR4 tumors, with the percentage injected dose per gram reaching a maximum of 102.70 ± 20.80 at 60 min and tumor-to-muscle ratios reaching a maximum of 362.56 ± 153.51 at 90 min after injection of the radiotracer. Similar specificity was also observed in the HT-29 colon tumor model. Treatment with AMD3465 inhibited uptake of radioactivity by the tumors in both models. Our results show that (64)Cu-AMD3465 is capable of detecting lesions in a CXCR4-dependent fashion, with high target selectivity, and may offer a scaffold for the synthesis of clinically translatable agents.
Immunosuppressive function of hepatitis B antigens in vitro: role of endoribonuclease V as one potential trans inactivator for cytokines in macrophages and human hepatoma cells (1990)

The mRNAs of transiently expressed cytokine genes contain AUUUA-rich sequences in the 3' untranslated regions. In order to examine whether the AU-specific endoribonuclease V (EC 3.1.27.8) described previously by us transinactivates those mRNA species, we introduced a 51-nucleotide ATTTA sequence from tumor necrosis factor into the 3' untranslated region of beta-globin gene. Transcripts of that construct, synthesized in vitro, were prone to endoribonuclease V digestion at those AU-rich sequences. Stimulation of human macrophages with lipopolysaccharide resulted in a shift of the association state of the enzyme from the nuclear matrix-associated to the free form. This shift was strongly prevented by the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and more weakly by hepatitis B nucleocapsid antigen and hepatitis B antigen of the X region. HBsAg and, to a lesser extent, hepatitis B nucleocapsid antigen and hepatitis B antigen of the X region inhibited the release of alpha interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, while it had no effect on interleukin-1 production from stimulated macrophages. Using the human hepatoma cell line PLC/PRF/5, we provide further experimental evidence that endoribonuclease V acts in trans as a posttranscriptional inactivator for nuclear matrix-associated cytokine transcripts. These results suggest that those cytokine transcripts which contain reiterated (overlapping) AUUUA sequences are degraded by nuclear matrix-associated endoribonuclease V. This degradation was comparably high in cells incubated with HBsAg or cells which produced this antigen.
Human-AI Collaboration in Data Science (2019)

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is changing our lives in many ways. One application domain is data science. New techniques in automating the creation of AI, known as AutoAI or AutoML, aim to automate the work practices of data scientists. AutoAI systems are capable of autonomously ingesting and pre-processing data, engineering new features, and creating and scoring models based on a target objectives (e.g. accuracy or run-time efficiency). Though not yet widely adopted, we are interested in understanding how AutoAI will impact the practice of data science. We conducted interviews with 20 data scientists who work at a large, multinational technology company and practice data science in various business settings. Our goal is to understand their current work practices and how these practices might change with AutoAI. Reactions were mixed: while informants expressed concerns about the trend of automating their jobs, they also strongly felt it was inevitable. Despite these concerns, they remained optimistic about their future job security due to a view that the future of data science work will be a collaboration between humans and AI systems, in which both automation and human expertise are indispensable.
Experiments and Modeling of the Heat Transfer of In-Line Square Pin Fin Heat Sinks With Top By-Pass Flow (2002)

This paper presents experimental results on the heat transfer characteristics of in-line square pin fin heat sinks with and without top by-pass. A self-consistent set of aluminum heat sinks were utilized, where the pin height was varied from 12.5 mm to 22.5 mm, the pin pitch was varied from 3.4 mm to 5.8 mm and the base dimensions were kept fixed at 25 × 25 mm. The overall base to ambient thermal resistance was measured as a function of Reynolds number and bypass height. Experimental results were then compared with predictions based on a simple one-dimensional “two-branch by-pass model”. Comparisons were made with the data using heat transfer coefficients available in the literature for infinitely long tube bundles. It was shown that there is a good agreement between the temperature predictions based on the model and the experimental data at high approach velocities for tall heat sinks, however the discrepancy between the computations and experiments increases as the approach velocity and heat sink height decrease. The validated model was used to identify optimum pin spacing as a function of clearance ratio.
Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation for a Space Relay Communications Network (2006)

We address issues related to efficiency, fairness, end-to-end delay minimization and quality-of-service framework in order to enable a flexible access and dynamic mission operation capability in the next generation NASA space-to-ground communication infrastructure. To provide optimal or near-optimal efficient utilization and fair allocation of bandwidth of the downlink channel while guaranteeing specific service requirements for different service classes, we propose two-level (long-term static and short-term dynamic) sharing of a slotted high data rate satellite communication link. The long-term optimal bandwidth allocation is implemented to provide per-stream/per-user service guarantee and give the inputs to the next level short-term dynamic bandwidth allocation. In our time-varying short-term bandwidth allocation with threshold regulation, a small portion of bandwidth is still assigned to all active spacecraft in advance but most bandwidth is dynamically allocated by the requests from them per frame by solving an optimal timeslot scheduling problem
The Global Polarity of Alcoholic Solvents and Water – Importance of the Collectively Acting Factors Density, Refractive Index and Hydrogen Bonding Forces (2022)

The D<sub>HBD</sub> quantity represents the hydroxyl group density of alcoholic solvents or water. D<sub>HBD</sub> is purely physically defined by the product of molar concentration of the solvent (N) and the factor Σn=n×f which reflects the number n and position (f-factor) of the alcoholic OH groups per molecule. Whether the hydroxyl group is either primary, secondary or tertiary is taken into account by f. Σn is clearly linearly correlated with the physical density or the refractive index of the alcohol derivative. Relationships of solvent-dependent UV/Vis absorption energies as E<sub>T</sub> (30) values, <sup>129</sup> Xe NMR shifts and kinetic data of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane solvolysis with D<sub>HBD</sub> are demonstrated. It can be shown that the E<sub>T</sub> (30) solvent parameter reflects the global polarity of the hydrogen bond network rather than specific H-bond acidity. Significant correlations of the log k<sub>1</sub> rate constants of the solvolysis reaction of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane with D<sub>HBD</sub> show the physical reasoning of the approach.
REBOA in Bleeding and Cardiac Arrest in Pre-Hospital Care by Helicopter Emergency Medical Service: The RIBCAP-HEMS Project (2023)

Background: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) plays an important role in the most severe trauma and medical patients with cardiac arrest. Its use in pre-hospital emergency medicine in Germany does not yet regularly occur, and the vast majority of rapid response vehicles are not equipped with REBOA devices. In this article we will describe the introduction of REBOA for bleeding patients, as well as an adjunct for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), in a German helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS).Methods: The DRF-Luftrettung HEMS base in Halle (Saale) Germany has incorporated REBOA in pre-hospital emergency medicine and will accompany this introduction with a feasibility study. We will describe the implementation of REBOA and the results of the training course. The training consists of theoretical and practical issues within different case scenarios. This was carried out before introducing REBOA into pre-hospital emergency medicine. Using a pre- and post-course exam and a self-assessment questionnaire the theoretical and practical knowledge and the performance of the critical care teams were determined.Results: The results of the pre-course exam in comparison with the post-course exam improved from 82% to 96%. Based on the self-assessment questionnaires, all participants felt a relevant improvement of their theoretical and practical knowledge. All physicians successfully performed REBOA under ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in manikin simulators.Conclusions: The results from the training course indicate that there was a significant improvement of the theoretical and practical knowledge, as well as the performance of REBOA. The on-going feasibility study will show if it is worth introducing REBOA in a civilian HEMS for the patients in extremis.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Genome-wide Methylation Analysis Identifies Genes Specific to Breast Cancer Hormone Receptor Status and Risk of Recurrence (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 330K&lt;/p&gt;
Ring-opening polymerization of strained, ring-tilted ferrocenophanes: a route to high-molecular-weight poly(ferrocenylsilanes) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing-opening polymerization of strained, ring-tilted ferrocenophanes: a route to high-molecular-weight poly(ferrocenylsilanes)Daniel A. Foucher, Ben Zhong Tang, and Ian MannersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 15, 6246–6248Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00041a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00041a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3071Altmetric-Citations550LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High Performance Concentrated Photovoltaic Module Development Using Temperature Sensors (2011)

Resistance Temperature Detectors were used to investigate the thermal performance of three different cell carrier structures. A carrier configuration with 0.78 mm thick C110 grade copper and 54 μm thick dielectric epoxy was chosen to fabricate five identical CPV modules with 1 cm2 GaInP/GaAs/Ge solar cells. Modules were tested up to ∼864 Suns in steady state illumination conditions presenting a temperature increase factor of 0.0376 °C/Sun.
Ein neuer synthetischer Zugang zu Ubichinonen (1990)

A New Synthetic Route to Ubiquinones Ubiquinones 11 have been prepared employing a new strategy: as key step, the Diels ‐ Alder reaction of 1,1,2‐trichloroethene 3 with 2,5‐bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]‐3‐methylfuran ( 2 ) has been used for the construction of the quinone part. After methanolysis of the [4 + 2] adducts 4a/4b , further reaction with cyclopentadiene and substitution of the Cl‐atoms by MeO groups, the intermediate 7 is obtained. Diketone 7 can easily be alkylated with the desired polyprenyl side chain 9 (X = Br) using a strong base to yield, after a retro ‐ Diels ‐ Alder reaction, the corresponding ubiquinones 11 in high yields.
Learning how objects function via co-analysis of interactions (2016)

We introduce a co-analysis method which learns a functionality model for an object category, e.g., strollers or backpacks. Like previous works on functionality, we analyze object-to-object interactions and intra-object properties and relations. Differently from previous works, our model goes beyond providing a functionality-oriented descriptor for a single object; it prototypes the functionality of a category of 3D objects by co-analyzing typical interactions involving objects from the category. Furthermore, our co-analysis localizes the studied properties to the specific locations, or surface patches, that support specific functionalities, and then integrates the patch-level properties into a category functionality model. Thus our model focuses on the how , via common interactions, and where , via patch localization, of functionality analysis. Given a collection of 3D objects belonging to the same category, with each object provided within a scene context, our co-analysis yields a set of proto-patches , each of which is a patch prototype supporting a specific type of interaction, e.g., stroller handle held by hand. The learned category functionality model is composed of proto-patches, along with their pairwise relations, which together summarize the functional properties of all the patches that appear in the input object category. With the learned functionality models for various object categories serving as a knowledge base, we are able to form a functional understanding of an individual 3D object, without a scene context. With patch localization in the model, functionality-aware modeling , e.g, functional object enhancement and the creation of functional object hybrids, is made possible.
Total Synthesis of the Lycopodium Alkaloid Serratezomine A Using Free Radical-Mediated Vinyl Amination to Prepare a β-Stannyl Enamine Linchpin (2012)

Serratezomine A is a member of the structurally diverse class of compounds known as the Lycopodium alkaloids. The key supporting studies and successful total synthesis of serratezomine A are described in this account. Significant features of the synthesis include the first application of free radical mediated vinyl amination and Hwu's oxidative allylation in a total synthesis and an intramolecular lactonization via a transannular S(N)i reaction. Minimal use of protecting groups and the highly diastereoselective formation of a hindered, quaternary stereocenter using an umpolung allylation are also highlights from a strategy perspective. Observation of quaternary carbon epimerization via a retro-Mannich/Mannich sequence highlights the additional challenge presented by the axial alcohol at C8 in serratezomine A.
Beyond the hemicylindrical micellar monolayer on graphite: AFM evidence for a lyotropic liquid crystal film (1997)

Micellar assemblies orient at graphite surfaces in the same way at the channels in mesoporous silica films. Evidence to suggest that the structural organization of the surfactant surface phase extends far beyond the hemicylindrical micellar monolayer located at teh water‒traphite interface is presented and details of the proposed assembly process given. An understanding of the origin of the coalignment between silica channels and graphite surface structures is the goal if this investigation, important for the design of mesoporous films and membranes with predetermined architectures.
Enabling Distributed Energy Storage by Incentivizing Small Load Shifts (2017)

Reducing peak demands and achieving a high penetration of renewable energy sources are important goals in achieving a smarter grid. To reduce peak demand, utilities are introducing variable rate electricity prices to incentivize consumers to manually shift their demand to low-price periods. Consumers may also use energy storage to automatically shift their demand by storing energy during low-price periods for use during high-price periods. Unfortunately, variable rate pricing provides only a weak incentive for distributed energy storage and does not promote its adoption at large scales. In this article, we present the storage adoption dilemma to capture the problems with incentivizing energy storage using variable rate prices. To address the problem, we propose a simple pricing scheme, called flat-power pricing , which incentivizes consumers to shift small amounts of load to flatten their demand rather than shift as much of their power usage as possible to low-price, off-peak periods. We show that compared to variable rate pricing, flat-power pricing (i) reduces consumers’ upfront capital costs, as it requires significantly less storage capacity per consumer; (ii) increases energy storage’s return on investment, as it mitigates free riding and maintains the incentive to use energy storage at large scales; and (iii) uses aggregate storage capacity within 31% of an optimal centralized approach. In addition, unlike variable rate pricing, we also show that flat-power pricing incentivizes the scheduling of elastic background loads, such as air conditioners and heaters, to reduce peak demand. We evaluate our approach using real smart meter data from 14,000 homes in a small town.