gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Architectural synthesis for DSP silicon compilers (1989)

A design methodology for automated mapping of DSP algorithms into VLSI architectures is presented. The methodology takes into account explicit algorithm requirements on throughput and latency, in addition to VLSI technology constraints on silicon area and power dissipation. Algorithm structure, design style of functional units, and parallellism of the architecture are all explored in the design space. The synthesized architecture is a multibus multifunction unit processor matched to the implemented algorithm. The architecture has a linear topology and uses a lower number of interconnects and multiplexer inputs compared to other synthesized architectures with random topology having the same performance. The synthesized processor is a self-timed element externally, while it is internally synchronous. The methodology is implemented in a design aid tool called SPAID. Results obtained using SPAID for two DSP algorithms compare favorably with other synthesis techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Trends in Epidemiology and Management of Type II Odontoid Fractures (2010)

The number and frequency of type II odontoid fractures compared with other spine injuries seems to be increasing over the last 2 decades, which may be correlated with the increasing number of elderly persons in the population, given that referral patterns have been unchanged at our institution. Prospective outcomes data are needed to better elucidate optimal treatment algorithms from both, an outcomes and cost-efficacy perspective.
Catalytic Ring-Opening (Co)polymerization of Semiaromatic and Aliphatic (Macro)lactones (2016)

The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers (cBT) using an aluminum salen catalyst was investigated. The kinetic analysis of the ROP of cBT in tetrachloroethane (TCE) revealed a first-order dependence of the rate constant in catalyst as well as monomer concentration. Comparison with the ROP in other solvents showed that TCE significantly retards the reaction by short-term reversible catalyst deactivation and by long-term permanent deactivation. The apparent activation energy for the ROP of cBT and ε-caprolactone (CL) were determined independently, and the difference in reactivity was used to investigate the possibility to synthesize blocky copolymers. Sequence distribution analysis of the copolymers obtained over a period of time from a single feed copolymerization revealed that over the full reaction range the degree of randomness was high. A sequential feed approach, in which CL was added after the polymerization of cBT was completed, showed that the propagation reaction was not fast enough to avoid transesterification, yielding copolymers with an increasing degree of randomness over time. Additionally, the copolymerization of cBT with ω-pentadecalactone (PDL) was performed in bulk at temperatures above the crystallization temperature of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), yielding random copolymers over the full composition range between polypentadecalactone (PPDL) and PBT. Copolymerizations using aluminum salen as catalyst were rapid and high molecular weights could be achieved. The melting temperature of both PPDL and PBT decreased upon the introduction of either counit, reaching a eutectic point between 50 and 70 mol % PDL. Furthermore, a combination of thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction shows that PDL units are fully excluded from the PBT crystal lattice, while butylene terephthalate units are partially incorporated into the PPDL crystal lattice.
γ-glutamyl transpeptidase of spermatozoa may decrease oocyte glutathione content at fertilization in pigs (1996)

The presence of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in boar spermatozoa and the potential role of the GGT at sperm penetration were examined using in vitro matured porcine oocytes. In the first experiment, GGT of boar spermatozoa was examined using a histochemical stain. GGT was detected in the midpiece and the acrosome regions of boar spermatozoa. In the second experiment, porcine oocytes matured in vitro were injected with approximately 40 pl of 10 mM HEPES solution alone or HEPES containing 0.5 U/ml GGT or 1 mM guanosine-5'-O-(3'-thiotriphosphate) (GTP-gamma-S; G-protein activator). When GGT was injected into oocytes, the incidence of oocytes activated (23.7 +/- 1.4%) was not different (P > 0.05) from HEPES-injected controls (24.9 +/- 1.3%) at 6 h after injection. Injected GTP-gamma-S, however, activated 76.0 +/- 5.3% of oocytes at 6 h after injection, but extrusion of the second polar body was very low (2.8 +/- 4.8%). Total content of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) did not differ (P > 0.05) between GTP-gamma-S injected oocytes (4.2 +/- 0.7 pmol/oocyte) and noninjected oocytes (4.0 +/- 0.1 pmol/oocyte) at 6 h after injection. However, the total content of GSH and GSSG was lower (P < 0.01) in GGT-injected oocytes (2.1 +/- 0.2 pmol/oocyte) than HEPES-injected oocytes (3.4 +/- 0.2 pmol/oocyte) at 6 h after injection. In the third experiment, in vitro matured porcine oocytes were injected with about 40 pl of 10 mM HEPES solution alone or HEPES containing 0.5 U/ml GGT and then inseminated. At 12 h after insemination, the incidence of male pronuclear formation was significantly lower in oocytes injected with GGT as compared with injected control oocytes. These results demonstrated that (1) GGT was present on the surface of spermatozoa, (2) total oocyte content of GSH and GSSG was decreased by microinjection of GGT but not by that of GTP-gamma-S, and (3) male pronuclear formation was inhibited in GGT-injected oocytes. These results suggest that sperm GGT may be a limiting factor for male pronuclear formation in polyspermic oocytes.
Evaluating the Characteristics and the Management of Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors Receiving Octreotide LAR During a 6-Year Period (2011)

This retrospective study has added to the wealth of evidence demonstrating the efficacy and safety of octreotide LAR in the treatment of patients with NET. The review highlights the importance of regular patient monitoring and clinical management.
Heat of Combustion of Tantalum-Tungsten Oxide Thermite Composites (2009)

Abstract not provided
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEX CHEMISTRY OF REACTIVE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. XXXV. METAL‐COORDINATED DIAZOALKANES: SYNTHESIS AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF DICARBONYL(η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL)(DIMETHYL DIAZOMALONATE‐N)MANGANESE (1981)

Abstract Diazomalonsäuredimethylester (II) reagiert mit dem photochemisch aus dem Tricarbonylderivat erzeugten Komplex (I) zum thermisch bis ca. 95°C stabilen Titelkomplex (III), dessen Geometrie röntgenstrukturanalytisch aufgeklärt wird.
Viscous-inviscid analysis of transonic and low Reynolds number airfoils (1987)

A method of accurately calculating transonic and low Reynolds number airfoil flows, implemented in the viscous-inviscid design/analysis code ISES, is presented. The Euler equations are discretized on a conservative streamline grid and are strongly coupled to a two-equation integral boundary-layer formulation, using the displacement thickness concept. A transition prediction formulation of the e type is derived and incorporated into the viscous formulation. The entire discrete equation set, including the viscous and transition formulations, is solved as a fully coupled nonlinear system by a global Newton method. This is a rapid and reliable method for dealing with strong viscous-inviscid interactions, which invariably occur in transonic and low Reynolds number airfoil flows. The results presented demonstrate the ability of the ISES code to predict transitioning separation bubbles and their associated losses. The rapid airfoil performance degradation with decreasing Reynolds number is thus accurately predicted. Also presented is a transonic airfoil calculation involving shock-induced separation, showing the robustness of the global Newton solution procedure. Good agreement with experiment is obtained, further demonstrating the performance of the present integral boundary-layer formulation.
Activation of Human B Lymphocytes (1978)

Abstract Heterogeneous subpopulations of peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells that are capable of being activated by concanavalin A (Con A) to suppress the pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) direct plaque-forming cell (PFC) response of human B cells have been described. Removal of adherent cells by passage over a Sephadex G-10 column or by plating of PB mononuclear cells on plastic surfaces did not affect the generation of Con A-activated suppressor cells (SC) (p &amp;lt; 0.01). Separation of PB cells into T cell-enriched (TCE) and T cell-depleted (TCD) suspensions by SRBC rosetting procedures demonstrated maximal Con A-activated suppression in each of these subpopulations (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Separation of the TCE fraction into T cells that bear Fc receptors for IgG (T.G) and those that do not (T.G-depleted) demonstrated submaximal suppression in each group alone. The T.G-depleted subpopulation suppressed to 50 ± 22% of control whereas the T.G fraction obtained by 7S EA rosetting did not suppress (128 ± 66% of control). However, T.G-enriched cells obtained, without activating the 7S Fc receptor, by depleting TCE fractions of T cells bearing an Fc receptor for IgM (T.M-depleted) did suppress maximally. Finally, separation of unfractionated PB mononuclear cells into those cells that possess complement (C) receptors (CR positive) and those that do not (CR negative), demonstrated that there was significant Con A-activated suppression in the CR-negative fraction of cells (p &amp;lt; 0.01) whereas the Con A-activated CR-positive cell did not suppress (p &amp;gt; 0.2). Thus, these studies demonstrate that cells that are capable of being activated by Con A to suppress the PWM-induced PFC response of normal human PB mononuclear cells are found in both the TCE and TCD fractions. In the TEC suspensions, Con A SC are found in both IgG Fc receptor positive and negative fractions, although IgG Fc receptor negative cells were less potent suppressors than IgG Fc receptor positive cells. In the TCD suspension, Con A SC are nonadherent, E-rosette-negative, Cr-negative cells.
Crystallinity of NiO Nanowires Grown at Step Edges of Sapphire Substrate (2005)

NiO nanowires were formed along atomic step edges on the ultrasmooth sapphire (0001) substrates by laser molecular beam epitaxy. From atomic force microscopy, the nanowires were found to be ∼20 nm in width and ∼0.5 nm in height along the straight, 0.2 nm-high step edges of the substrate. The crystal structure of NiO nanowires was examined by in situ coaxial impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy (CAICISS). The CAICISS results on the azimuth dependences of Ni signal for the NiO nanowires as well as NiO (111) epitaxial thin films indicate that the NiO nanowires were epitaxially grown with (111) orientation under in-plane stress.
Decoding Music Attention from “EEG Headphones”: A User-Friendly Auditory Brain-Computer Interface (2021)

People enjoy listening to music as part of their life. This makes music an excellent choice for designing a user-friendly brain-computer interface (BCI) for long-term use. We propose a novel BCI system using music stimuli that relies on brain signals collected via Smartfones, an EEG recording device integrated into a pair of headphones. In a user study of the proposed system, participants were asked to pay attention to one of three musical instruments playing simultaneously from separate spatial directions. We used a stimulus reconstruction method to decode attention from EEG signals. Results show that the proposed system can achieve good decoding accuracy (>70%) while providing superior user-friendliness compared to a traditional EEG setup.
Perforated 2&#x00D7;2 Parylene sheath electrode array for chronic intracortical recording (2013)

We present the development of a perforated 2×2 Parylene sheath electrode array (PSEA). Parylene C is surface micromachined to create conical sheath structures with electrode sites on the interior and exterior. Individual probes can be configured into a 2×2 array. Building upon previous designs, the sheath geometry was redesigned to have sharper taper and incorporate perforations in order to minimize insertion trauma and facilitate cell-cell signaling, respectively, with the aim of improving long-term recording reliability. Bioactive coatings were applied to the PSEA to encourage dendritic growth and control the immune response. Benchtop electrochemical results confirmed that electrode sites possess appropriate impedance values for neural recording. A custom-made insertion shuttle was fashioned to deliver the PSEA to the target location in the cortical tissue and then retract, leaving only the flexible PSEA in the tissue. This system successfully implanted multiple PSEAs into the rat M1 motor cortex and a 6 month in vivo study is currently underway.
Characterization and Prediction of Magnetic Losses in Soft Magnetic Composites Under Distorted Induction Waveform (2012)

A general approach to magnetic losses in soft magnetic composites (SMC) is discussed. It is applied to exciting conditions typical of applications, where the induction waveform is most frequently nonsinusoidal. The standard predicting approach, based on the statistical theory of losses (STL) and the related concept of loss separation, is extended to the case of granular heterogeneous materials. As a starting point, the classical loss component is calculated, taking into account that in small enough samples the measured loss is independent of the specimen cross-sectional area, because of negligible grain-to-grain (macroscopic) eddy currents. The loss separation is then performed under the conventional sinusoidal induction regime and the STL is used to identify a limited set of parameters, associated with the prediction of the excess loss, by which the energy loss under distorted induction can be predicted. Significant predicting examples are provided, regarding two different SMCs, where the induction waveform is either triangular or distorted by introduction of a third harmonic component.
Chronic hypoxia impaired tolerance to ischemia: attenuation by aeration and phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibition (2008)

Aim. We investigated the effects of sildenafil and aeration on myocardial tolerance to infarct in a model of chronically hypoxic rat with pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. Methods. Rats were exposed for 2 weeks to chronic hypoxia (CH, 10% O2) and divided into three groups: CH alone, treatment with sildenafil (CH+S, 1.4 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or repeatedly aerated (CH+A, 1 h/day). Normoxic animals served as control. At the end of the observation, hearts were subjected to 30‐min regional ischemia followed by 3 h reperfusion, or to right/left ventricle pressure measurement, or to freeze‐clamp to measure proteins of interest. Results. CH increased right ventricle hypertrophy, right systolic pressure and the infarct size. In addition, the expression level of P‐eNOS and cGMP was reduced, while increasing plasma nitrates+nitrites and pro‐apoptotic caspase‐3. These changes were reversed in CH+S and CH+A, with reduced right ventricle hypertrophy and right systolic pressure, restored expression levels of P‐eNOS, cGMP and caspase‐3, and enhanced tolerance to ischemia‐reperfusion. Conclusions. Either inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 by sildenafil during CH, or repeated aerations provided an efficient strategy for the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, and improved myocardial tolerance to coronary artery occlusion.
Editing a γ-globin repressor binding site restores fetal hemoglobin synthesis and corrects the sickle cell disease phenotype (2020)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a single amino acid change in the adult hemoglobin (Hb) β chain that causes Hb polymerization and red blood cell (RBC) sickling. The co-inheritance of mutations causing fetal γ-globin production in adult life hereditary persistence of fetal Hb (HPFH) reduces the clinical severity of SCD. HPFH mutations in the <i>HBG</i> γ-globin promoters disrupt binding sites for the repressors BCL11A and LRF. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to mimic HPFH mutations in the <i>HBG</i> promoters by generating insertions and deletions, leading to disruption of known and putative repressor binding sites. Editing of the LRF-binding site in patient-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) resulted in γ-globin derepression and correction of the sickling phenotype. Xenotransplantation of HSPCs treated with gRNAs targeting the LRF-binding site showed a high editing efficiency in repopulating HSPCs. This study identifies the LRF-binding site as a potent target for genome-editing treatment of SCD.
A cryo-TSEM with temperature cycling capability allows deep sublimation of ice to uncover fine structures in thick cells (2021)

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been reassembled into a new type of cryo-electron microscope (cryo-TSEM) by installing a new cryo-transfer holder and anti-contamination trap, which allowed simultaneous acquisition of both transmission images (STEM images) and surface images (SEM images) in the frozen state. The ultimate temperatures of the holder and the trap reached - 190 °C and - 210 °C, respectively, by applying a liquid nitrogen slush. The STEM images at 30 kV were comparable to, or superior to, the images acquired with conventional transmission electron microscope (100 kV TEM) in contrast and sharpness. The unroofing method was used to observe membrane cytoskeletons instead of the frozen section and the FIB methods. Deep sublimation of ice surrounding unroofed cells by regulating temperature enabled to emerge intracellular fine structures in thick frozen cells. Hence, fine structures in the vicinity of the cell membrane such as the cytoskeleton, polyribosome chains and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) became visible. The ER was distributed as a wide, flat structure beneath the cell membrane, forming a large spatial network with tubular ER.
Metal Binding Studies and EPR Spectroscopy of the Manganese Transport Regulator MntR (2006)

Manganese transport regulator (MntR) is a member of the diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR) family of transcription factors that is responsible for manganese homeostasis in Bacillus subtilis. Prior biophysical studies have focused on the metal-mediated DNA binding of MntR [Lieser, S. A., Davis, T. C., Helmann, J. D., and Cohen, S. M. (2003) Biochemistry 42, 12634−12642], as well as metal stabilization of the MntR structure [Golynskiy, M. V., Davis, T. C., Helmann, J. D., and Cohen, S. M. (2005) Biochemistry 44, 3380−3389], but only limited data on the metal-binding affinities for MntR are available. Herein, the metal-binding affinities of MntR were determined by using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, as well as competition experiments with the fluorimetric dyes Fura-2 and Mag-fura-2. MntR was not capable of competing with Fura-2 for the binding of transition metal ions. Therefore, the metal-binding affinities and stoichiometries of Mag-fura-2 for Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ were determined and utilized in MntR/Mag-fura-2 competition experiments. The measured Kd values for MntR metal binding are comparable to those reported for DtxR metal binding [Kd from 10-7 to 10-4 M; D'Aquino, J. A., et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 18408−18413], AntR [a homologue from Bacillus anthracis; Sen, K. I. et al. (2006) Biochemistry 45, 4295−4303], and generally follow the Irving-Williams series. Direct detection of the dinuclear Mn2+ site in MntR with EPR spectroscopy is presented, and the exchange interaction was determined, J = −0.2 cm-1. This value is lower in magnitude than most known dinuclear Mn2+ sites in proteins and synthetic complexes and is consistent with a dinuclear Mn2+ site with a longer Mn···Mn distance (4.4 Å) observed in some of the available crystal structures. MntR is found to have a surprisingly low binding affinity (∼160 μM) for its cognate metal ion Mn2+. Moreover, the results of DNA binding studies in the presence of limiting metal ion concentrations were found to be consistent with the measured metal-binding constants. The metal-binding affinities of MntR reported here help to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of this metal-dependent transcription factor.
Linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: A Phase 3 randomized trial in China and other regions (2018)

Once-daily 290-μg linaclotide improved bowel habits, abdominal symptoms, and global measures in a predominantly Chinese IBS-C population.
III-V-semiconductor-on-insulator n-channel metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors with buried Al2O3 layers and sulfur passivation: Reduction in carrier scattering at the bottom interface (2010)

We have developed III-V-semiconductor-on-insulator (III-V-OI) structures on Si wafers with excellent bottom interfaces between In0.53Ga0.47As-OI channel layers and atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 (ALD-Al2O3) buried oxides (BOXs). A surface activated bonding process and the sulfur passivation pretreatment have realized the excellent In0.53Ga0.47As-OI/ALD-Al2O3 BOX bottom interface properties. As a result, the III-V-OI n-channel metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors under the back-gate configuration showed the peak mobility of 1800 cm2/V s and the higher electron mobility than the Si universal one even in the high effective electric field range because of the reduction in the surface roughness and fixed charges.
Alkali Cold Gelation of Whey Proteins. Part I: Sol−Gel−Sol(−Gel) Transitions (2009)

The cold gelation of preheated whey protein isolate (WPI) solutions at alkaline conditions (pH>10) has been studied to better understand the effect of NaOH in the formation and destruction of whey protein aggregates and gels. Oscillatory rheology has been used to follow the gelation process, resulting in novel and different gelation profiles with the gelation pH. At low alkaline pH, typical sol-gel transitions are observed, as in many other biopolymers. At pH>11.5, the system gels quickly, after approximately 300 s, followed by a slow degelation step that transforms the gel to a viscous solution. Finally, there is a second gelation step. This results in a surprising sol-gel-sol-gel transition in time at constant gelation conditions. At very high pH (>12.5), the degelation step is very severe, and the second gelation step is not observed, resulting in a sol-gel-sol transition. The first quick gelation step is related to the quick swelling of the WPI aggregates in alkali, as observed from light scattering, which enables the formation of new noncovalent interactions to form a gel network. These interactions are argued to be destroyed in the subsequent degelation step. Disulfide cross-linking is observed only in the second gelation step, not in the first step.
Anti‐phospholipid antibodies are elevated and functionally active in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (2022)

APA IgG antibodies are increased in NP and correlate with autoreactive tissue antibodies. NP antibodies have in vitro anti-coagulant activity similar to those observed in anti-phospholipid syndrome, suggesting that they may have pro-coagulant effects in polyp tissue.
New analogs of N-(2-aminoethyl)-4-chlorobenzamide (Ro 16-6491). Some of the most potent monoamine oxidase-B inactivators (1993)

A series of halo- and nitro-substituted analogues of N-(2-aminoethyl)benzamide has been synthesized. All of the compounds are competitive, time-dependent inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), but upon dialysis complete return of enzyme activity is observed for all compounds. Therefore, these are mechanism-based reversible inhibitors of MAO-B. The relative potencies of the compounds are rationalized in terms of steric and hydrophobic effects.