gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CRTAM shapes the microbiota and enhances the severity of gut infection. (2018)

Abstract Gut lymphocytes and the microbiota establish a reciprocal relationship that tunes the host immune response. For example, the gut microbiota is required for T helper (Th)-17 cell differentiation; Th17 cytokines, in turn, stimulate the intestinal epithelium to produce antimicrobial proteins that control the gut microbiota. Residency and maintenance of T cells in the gut is controlled by Class I-restricted T cell-associated molecule (CRTAM). We thus evaluated whether CRTAM influences the gut microbiota composition. We found that CRTAM expression caused a shift in several members of the gut microbiota under homeostatic conditions. As the gut microbiota and T cells contribute to host defense against intestinal pathogens, we tested whether CRTAM plays a role during infection with the enteric pathogen Salmonella. We found lower levels of Salmonella colonization in the gut of Crtam−/− mice, along with lower expression of the Th17 cytokines Il17 and Il22 in the cecum. Salmonella-infected Crtam−/− mice exhibited fewer gut T cells and IL-17-producing cells. To investigate whether the altered gut microbiota composition of Crtam−/− mice influenced the host response to infection, we transplanted the fecal microbiota from WT or Crtam−/− littermate mice into germ-free mice, and then infected the mice with Salmonella. Relative to mice transplanted with "WT" fecal microbiota, mice transplanted with "Crtam−/−" microbiota exhibited lower numbers of T cells and IL-17-producing cells in the gut upon infection. Our results thus suggest an interplay between CRTAM expression and the gut microbiota, which ultimately impacts the mucosal immune system and the host response to enteric pathogens.
Investigation on Internally Unbalanced Switching Behavior for Realization of 1-cm<sup>2</sup> SiC-MOSFET (2014)

The influences of internally unbalanced switching behavior on the switching characteristics and RBSOA were investigated in order to realize a large-size SiC-MOSFET. Specially designed small-size MOSFETs in which the unbalanced behavior is enhanced by adjusting the geometrical gate structures were fabricated, and their switching characteristics were evaluated. It was found that the same switching characteristics can be obtained by regarding them as MOSFETs with high inner gate resistances. A 1-cm 2 SiC-MOSFET was fabricated, and high dV/dt switching and high turn-off endurance were demonstrated.
Integrated concurrency-coherency controls for multisystem data sharing (1989)

The authors propose an integrated control mechanism and analyze the performance gain due to its use. An extension to the data sharing system structure is examined in which a shared intermediate memory is used for buffering and for early commit processing. Read-write-synchronization and write-serialization problems arise. The authors show how the integrated concurrency protocol can be used to overcome both problems. A queueing model is used to quantify the performance improvement. Although using intermediate memory as a buffering device produces a moderate performance benefit, the analysis shows that more substantial gains can be realized when this technique is combined with the use of an integrated concurrency-coherency control protocol.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Solubilization and Purification of Xanthine Oxidase from Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane (1998)

Bovine milk xanthine oxidase (XO) was isolated and purified from milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). The method included the following steps: solubilization of XO from MFGM in 200 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) at pH 8.0, fractionation of solubilized proteins with ammonium sulfate, chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose with gradient elution, and rechromatography of the XO fraction for final purification. The method is highly reproducible, is comparatively simple, and provides highly pure enzyme. Purified XO, analyzed by (8%) SDS-PAGE, had only one band of 140-150 kDa. XO showed a high specific activity of 2.5 units/mg of protein and an A280: A450 ratio of 4.8.
3320 A Study of General Rule Representation Model for Design Parameter Check (2008)

This paper describes parameter check methods and their representation model in product design process. Conventional mechanical CAD systems have some geometric check functions on dimention, mass property and PDQ (Product Data Quiality). But these rules are available in only one CAD system and their scope is limited, so it is difficult to use them as synsetic rule checker between several systems. For integration of design rules, we have studied design rule representation model of high visibility and generality. Our proposed model describes the rules as simple scripts using part structure and the relationship between parameters of part attributes. We implemented our model in an independent prototype from CAD system, and have verified practical effectiveness of it.
αvβ6 Integrin Promotes Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer through JNK1-Mediated Activation of Androgen Receptor (2016)

Androgen receptor signaling fuels prostate cancer and is a major therapeutic target. However, mechanisms of resistance to therapeutic androgen ablation are not well understood. Here, using a prostate cancer mouse model, Pten(pc-/-), carrying a prostate epithelial-specific Pten deletion, we show that the αvβ6 integrin is required for tumor growth in vivo of castrated as well as of noncastrated mice. We describe a novel signaling pathway that couples the αvβ6 integrin cell surface receptor to androgen receptor via activation of JNK1 and causes increased nuclear localization and activity of androgen receptor. This downstream kinase activation by αvβ6 is specific for JNK1, with no involvement of p38 or ERK kinase. In addition, differential phosphorylation of Akt is not observed under these conditions, nor is cell morphology affected by αvβ6 expression. This pathway, which is specific for αvβ6, because it is not regulated by a different αv-containing integrin, αvβ3, promotes upregulation of survivin, which in turn supports anchorage-independent growth of αvβ6-expressing cells. Consistently, both αvβ6 and survivin are significantly increased in prostatic adenocarcinoma, but are not detected in normal prostatic epithelium. Neither XIAP nor Bcl-2 is affected by αvβ6 expression. In conclusion, we show that αvβ6 expression is required for prostate cancer progression, including castrate-resistant prostate cancer; mechanistically, by promoting activation of JNK1, the αvβ6 integrin causes androgen receptor-increased activity in the absence of androgen and consequent upregulation of survivin. These preclinical results pave the way for further clinical development of αvβ6 antagonists for prostate cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 76(17); 5163-74. ©2016 AACR.
Transcriptional Regulation of Central Carbon and Energy Metabolism in Bacteria by Redox-Responsive Repressor Rex (2011)

Redox-sensing repressor Rex was previously implicated in the control of anaerobic respiration in response to the cellular NADH/NAD(+) levels in gram-positive bacteria. We utilized the comparative genomics approach to infer candidate Rex-binding DNA motifs and assess the Rex regulon content in 119 genomes from 11 taxonomic groups. Both DNA-binding and NAD-sensing domains are broadly conserved in Rex orthologs identified in the phyla Firmicutes, Thermotogales, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Deinococcus-Thermus, and Proteobacteria. The identified DNA-binding motifs showed significant conservation in these species, with the only exception detected in Clostridia, where the Rex motif deviates in two positions from the generalized consensus, TTGTGAANNNNTTCACAA. Comparative analysis of candidate Rex sites revealed remarkable variations in functional repertoires of candidate Rex-regulated genes in various microorganisms. Most of the reconstructed regulatory interactions are lineage specific, suggesting frequent events of gain and loss of regulator binding sites in the evolution of Rex regulons. We identified more than 50 novel Rex-regulated operons encoding functions that are essential for resumption of the NADH:NAD(+) balance. The novel functional role of Rex in the control of the central carbon metabolism and hydrogen production genes was validated by in vitro DNA binding assays using the TM0169 protein in the hydrogen-producing bacterium Thermotoga maritima.
High frequency scanning acoustic microscopy applied to 3D integrated process: Void detection in Through Silicon Vias (2013)

Among the technological developments pushed by the emergence of 3D-ICs, Through Silicon Via (TSV) technology has become a standard element in device processing over the past years. As volume increases, defect detection in the overall TSV formation sequence is becoming a major element of focus nowadays. Robust methods for in-line void detection during TSV processing are therefore needed especially for scaled down dimensions. Within this framework, the current contribution describes the successful application of innovative GHz Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM) to TSV void detection in a via-middle approach.
Comparison of outer membrane protein subtypes of Haemophilus influenzae type b isolates from healthy children in the general population and from diseased patients (1983)

Over a 12-month period we obtained throat cultures from 1,448 children less than 5 years of age attending well-child clinics and identified 24 carriers of Haemophilus influenzae type b (1.7%). The outer membrane protein subtypes of the strains from the carriers were compared to the subtypes of isolates from 50 patients with Haemophilus type b disease hospitalized in St. Louis, Mo., during the same period (1981 to 1982), and the latter were compared to the subtypes of isolates from 51 patients hospitalized between 1977 and 1980. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of the five most common subtypes (1L, 1H, 2L, 2H, and 3L), comparing isolates from the carriers to those from the patients. However, 5 of the 24 throat isolates had the unusual 13L subtype compared with only 1 of the 50 invasive isolates (P = 0.02). The lower frequency of 13L strains among the invasive isolates suggests that type b isolates with this subtype may be less pathogenic than type b isolates with other subtypes. Subtype 2L strains accounted for only 2% of recent cerebrospinal fluid or blood isolates, compared with 22% of those from 1977 to 1980 (P = 0.02). Subtype 1H and 3L strains together accounted for 73%, compared with 47% of the earlier ones (P = 0.02). Thus, temporal shifts may also occur in the subtype distribution of Haemophilus type b strains causing invasive disease in a community.
Adaptive transmission in heterogeneous networks (2016)

An A daptive tran S mission mechanism exploiting both interference lo C ality and the relationship between d E sired sig N al and in T erference ( ASCENT ) is proposed for uplink transmission in heterogeneous networks. The authors adopt both X channel and Z channel models according to which spatial signal processing is designed. In the X channel, the picocell base station (PBS) exploits information the macrocell base station (MBS) shares to cancel local interference, and cooperatively decodes the data carried by strong interference from a macro‐user (MU), which is then fed to the MBS. As a result, a pico‐user (PU) can transmit simultaneously with an MU on the same channel. In addition, adaptive reception is employed to achieve good tradeoff between interference suppression and the desired level of signal distortion. For the Z channel, the PU and the PBS adopt signal processing suitable for their own channel state. At a PBS, interference cancellation is adopted to eliminate disturbance from an MU via inter‐base station collaboration. ASCENT is also extended to the case of multiple picocells. The authors’ simulation results show that in X channel mode, the achievable uplink rate of an MU can be significantly enhanced. In the case of Z channel, the PU's rate is improved while guaranteeing the MU's data rate.
Computational Approaches to Cosmetics Products Discovery (2018)

This chapter presents the power of computational methods to accelerate and improve the development of new cosmetics ingredients. It also presents the examples to demonstrate the potential of the described methods for finding additional values of ingredients in cosmetics research. Like the drug discovery process, the cosmetic ingredient development process can start by searching for targets relevant for skin treatment in the cosmetics area. Peptide has been developed, which is the first homodetic cyclicpeptide with a new use in cosmetic applications. Cyclopeptide-5 mimics a rigid and defined conformation of ligands with an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif, which is found in certain extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The chapter investigates the effect of ectoine on the moisturization status and barrier function of the skin after topical application in vivo. Furthermore, different molecular dynamics (MD) simulation systems are created in silico to compare models of water, water-ectoine, and water-glycerol.
Electrokinetic Removal of Energetic Compounds (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Chemistry of Clay–Energetic Compound Complexes Remediation Strategies Electrokinetics to Enhance Remediation Strategies Summary References
Development and validation of a model to predict rebleeding within three days after endoscopic hemostasis for high-risk peptic ulcer bleeding (2022)

This study presents a nomogram that incorporates clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic features, effectively predicting rebleeding within three days after emergent endoscopic hemostasis and identifying high-risk rebleeding patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. Trial registration This clinical trial has been registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04895904) approved by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).
Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: Benefits and Limitations Highlighted Using the Delphi Method and Principal Component Analysis (2022)

The Delphi study revealed that the COPM appears to be well adapted to French culture and should be widely incorporated into preregistration training.
Cooperative Dual Leo Satellite Transmission in Multi-User OTFS Systems (2023)

This paper explores multi-satellite transmission schemes. The focus is on the multi-user downlink scenario, where two low Earth orbit satellites transmit data cooperatively, which are then combined at each of the ground user terminals. A single synchronization circuit is employed at the receiver to reduce the terminal burden. The orthogonal time and frequency space (OTFS) waveform is utilized to handle the residual offsets and schedule users on non-overlapping delay-Doppler resources. The paper leverages on OTFS, beam-centric compensation and the characteristics of the satellite channel to eliminate inter-user interference. Numerical results assess the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and highlight the improvement in performance achieved through satellite cooperation as compared to single satellite transmission.
Parathyroid hormone activation of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 -1α-hydroxylase gene promoter (1998)

The DNA flanking the 5' sequence of the mouse 1alpha-hydroxylase gene has been cloned and sequenced. A TATA box has been located at -30 bp and aCCAAT box has been located at -79 bp. The gene's promoter activity has been demonstrated by using a luciferase reporter gene construct transfected into a modified pig kidney cell line, AOK-B50. Parathyroid hormone stimulates this promoter-directed synthesis of luciferase by 17-fold, whereas forskolin stimulates it by 3-fold. The action of parathyroid hormone is concentration-dependent. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 does not suppress basal promoter activity and marginally suppresses parathyroid hormone-driven luciferase reporter activity. The promoter has three potential cAMP-responsive element sites, and two perfect and one imperfect AP-1 sites, while no DR-3 was detected. These results indicate that parathyroid hormone stimulates 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase by acting on the promoter of the 1alpha-hydroxylase gene.
Cerebral Blood Volume Measurements – Gd_DTPA vs. VASO - and Their Relationship with Cerebral Blood Flow in Activated Human Visual Cortex (2011)

Measurements of task-induced changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) have been demonstrated using VAscular Space Occupancy (VASO) techniques (noninvasive and newly developed) and a contrast agent-based (Gd- DTPA) method (invasive but well-established) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We compared the two methods in determining CBV changes during multi-frequency visual stimulation (4 and 8 Hz). Specifically, we aimed to assess the impact of repetition time (TR) on CBV changes determination using VASO. With additional measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF), the flow-volume coupling relationship (α value) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen were further determined. The results showed that i) using VASO, short TR (2s) caused overestimation of CBV changes, while long TR (6s) generated consistent CBV results, by comparison to the GD-DTPA method; ii) overestimation of CBV changes caused underestimated CMRO(2) changes, but did not alter the frequency-related pattern, i.e., CMRO(2) changes at 4 Hz were greater than those at 8 Hz regardless of the TR; and iii) the tasked-induced CBF-CBV coupling was stimulus frequency-dependent, i.e., α = 0.35-0.38 at 4 Hz and α = 0.51-0.53 at 8 Hz. Our data demonstrated that, with carefully chosen TRs, CBV measurements can be achieved non-invasively with VASO techniques.
o-Bromo-p-methoxyphenyl Ethers. Protecting/Radical Translocating (PRT) Groups That Generate Radicals from C−H Bonds β to Oxygen Atoms (1996)

The o-bromo-p-methoxyphenyl ether group is introduced as a new protecting/radical translocating (PRT) group. This group protects an alcohol both before and after its use as a translocating group to generate a radical from a C−H bond β to the protected alcohol. All prior PRT groups generate radicals α to the functional group that they protect. The group is introduced by Mitsunobu reaction or Williamson ether synthesis, and removed by oxidation with ceric ammonium nitrate. The efficiency of the radical translocation reaction has been studied by isotopic labeling experiments with tributyltin deuteride. These results were used to design and execute a series of tandem radical translocation/cyclization reactions that illustrate the potential usefulness of the PRT group in synthesis. Secondary radicals are generated with about 50% efficiency due to slow 1,5-hydrogen transfer and competing 1,6-hydrogen transfer. Tertiary radicals are generated with efficiencies of about 80%. Modified PRT groups with added ortho substituents (Br, Me) can increase the efficiency of radical generation up to about >80% and >90%, respectively. The results provide only limited support for a rate and selectivity analogy based on radical cyclizations that was used to design the groups.
Mouse model of selective cryolipolysis (2022)

This study shows that cryolipolysis performed in mice yields reproducible and measurable subcutaneous fat reduction, consistent with previous studies conducted in humans and pigs. Future studies can utilize the model of selective cryolipolysis developed by our group to further elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of fat cell loss and improve clinical outcomes in humans.
Experimental verification of a CMOS imager with block-parallel scanning for focal-plane pinhole effect in multi-beam confocal microscopy (2012)

2012 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Experimental verification of a CMOS imager with block-parallel scanning for focal-plane pinhole effect in multi-beam confocal microscopy
Wi-Fi internet connectivity and privacy: Hiding your tracks on the wireless Internet (2015)

Internet privacy is a serious concern nowadays. Users' activity leaves a vast digital footprint, communications are not always properly secured and location can be easily tracked. In this paper we focus on this last point, which is mainly caused by the use of IEEE Layer-2 immutable addresses. Randomization of the addresses used at Layer-2 is a simple, but promising, solution to mitigate the location privacy issues. We experimentally evaluate this approach, by first assessing the existing support of address randomization by the different operating systems, and then conducting several trials during two IETF and one IEEE 802 standards meetings. Based on the obtained results we can conclude that address randomization is a feasible solution to the Layer-2 privacy problem, but there needs to be other mechanisms used at higher layers to make the most benefit from it and minimize the service disruptions it may cause. As a conclusion of the paper and future steps, we discuss the possibility of using a context-based Layer-2 address randomization scheme that can be enabled with privacy features at higher layers.
Enhanced 40-Gbit/s receiver sensitivity with all-fiber optical 2R regenerator (2003)

Summary from only given. We demonstrate an all-fiber optical 2R regenerator (02R) integrated with a tunable, low-dispersion fiber Bragg grating (FBG) filter. We show that such device can significantly improve the sensitivity and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) degradation tolerance of a 40 Gbit/s receiver.
Smart parallel spectral imager based on heterogeneous FPGA system on chip (2017)

In the last years, industrial image processing has been shifting to areas and tasks that are increasing in complexity. This results in new challenges in order to contrast features to be detected or evaluated. Systems for the acquisition and interpretation of multispectral images are thus becoming more and more interesting. A major issue is, depending on the sensor principle, the time to acquire this spectral data. FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and in particular heterogeneous FPGA SoC (System-on-Chip) offer the possibility to accelerate these acquisition methods decisively. In addition to the image acquisition, it is also possible to calculate decisive preprocessing steps in the hardware. A frequently used algorithm for analyzing but also compressing hyperspectral data is the PCA (principal component analysis). This paper presents a research setup that combines a heterogeneous FPGA SoC with a 12-channel filter wheel camera. With the help of the device a parallel working PCA is to be integrated, which works distributed in hardware and software. The paper presents the concept for this implementation and the current state of development in the project. In addition, restrictions on the development of algorithms with hardware systems and the current distribution in hardware and software are discussed.
Technology Acceptance and Hand Anthropometry (TAHA) Model: Insights from Somatosensory Technology (2015)

Somatosensory technology is an emerging technology used in applications such as home entertainment, medical and healthcare. It can track human hand movement and enable users to interact with digital devices or physical environment by using hand gesture(s). Effectiveness of somatosensory technology is determined by the compatibility between the technology's operational features and the anthropometric characteristics of the user's hand. Currently, only limited guidance is provided for designers and manufacturers in their development of consumer somatosensory technology products. Motivated by the shortfalls in the extant hand anthropometry literature, this study examines how hand anthropometry influences user technology acceptance. Drawing from Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), we develop Technology Acceptance and Hand Anthropometry (TAHA) model to investigate the impact of hand-size on user's somatosensory technology acceptance. A product trial experiment of 60 participants was conducted to test TAHA model. The results show that hand-size influences the relationship between perceived ease of use and behavioral intention to use somatosensory technology. Our findings have significant implications for hand anthropometry research and practice.