gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LAPS Lidar Measurements at the ARM Alaska Northslope Site (Support to FIRE Project) (1998)

This report consists of data summaries of the results obtained during the May 1998 measurement period at Barrow Alaska. This report does not contain any data interpretation or analysis of the results which will follow this activity. This report is forwarded with a data set on magnetic media which contains the reduced data from the LAPS lidar in 15 minute intervals. The data was obtained during the period 15-30 May 1998. The measurement period overlapped with several aircraft flights conducted by NASA as part of the FIRE project. The report contains a summary list of the data obtained plus figures that have been prepared to help visualize the measurement periods. The order of the presentation is as follows: Section 1. A copy of the Statement of Work for the planned activity of the second measurement period at the ARM Northslope site is provided. Section 2. A list of the data collection periods shows the number of one minute data records stored during each hour of operation and the corresponding size (Mbytes) of the one hour data folders. The folder and file names are composed from the year, month, day, hour and minute. The date/time information is given in UTC for easier comparison with other data sets. Section 3. A set of 4 comparisons between the LAPS lidar results and the sondes released by the ARM scientists from a location nearby the lidar. The lidar results show the +/- 1 sigma statistical error on each of the independent 75 m altitude bins of the data. This set of 4 comparisons was used to set and validate the calibration value which was then used for the complete data set. Section 4. A set of false color figures with up to 10 hours of specific humidity measurements are shown in each graph. Two days of measurements are shown on each page. These plots are crude representations of the data and permit a survey which indicates when the clouds were very low or where interesting events may occur in the results. These plots are prepared using the real time sequence plot program which has no smoothing in either the altitude or time (except that you are allowed to pick the integration time and time step. All of these plots were prepared with 15 minute integration and 5 minute time step. Section 5. A set of time sequence data for all of the extended observation periods are shown with a smoothing algorithm from the Matlab plotting library. Most of these data are integrated for 5 minutes and stepped at I minute intervals but several plots are shown with both 15 minute integration and 5 minute steps. The upper level on these data was selected and converted to the white background where the error in the specific humidity reached 25%. Section 6. The set of one hour integrated plots shown with up to 4 hours per page are provided- from the real time analysis snapshot program. The only difference in these plots and the real time display is that the plots are stopped at an altitude where the error appears to be too large for the data to contain any meaningful information.
THIS PRESENTATION IS CANCELLED (PAPER IS AVAILABLE). On loudspeaker rendering of auditory distance in higher order Ambisonics (2012)

In this paper we investigate the perceived distance of sound sources rendered over loudspeaker arrays. We consider the perception of sound source distance with sources rendered within an array of loudspeakers as well as beyond the loudspeaker array radius. In particular, we explore this perception with Ambisonic soundfields up to 3rd Order. Sources are rendered for distances ranging from 0.2m to 8m and soundfields are presented over a 16 channel spherical loudspeaker array. 10 subjects are asked to gauge the source distance of female speech and pink noise bursts for each Ambisonic order. Test stimuli are created from measurements of 1st order spatial impulse responses in a reverberant room and their encoding to higher order spherical harmonic representations using the Directional Audio Coding methodology. Analysis of variance of the results demonstrates that the perception of source distance is largely independent of the Ambisonic order and more-so dependent on the monoaural cues of level difference and direct-to-reverberant ratio. Sound source distance without reverberation for each spatialisation method is also presented for comparison. It is shown for the rendered spatialisation methods, that the perception of distance is more dependent on relative loudness and source association than on wavefront curvature.
Hydrogen Production and Permeation in Near-Neutral pH Environments (2008)

Abstract Transgranular stress corrosion cracking (TGSCC) is a failure that occurs on buried carbon steel fuel transmission pipelines that are protectively coated and subjected to cathodic protection. Analysis of failed pipelines and previous research indicate that hydrogen is involved in the cracking process. However, the exact mechanism of crack initiation and hydrogen generation in near-neutral pH solutions was not clear. The objective of this research was to further understanding of the mechanism of TGSCC by determining the possible methods of hydrogen production and hydrogen diffusion into the pipeline steel. Specifically, this research focuses on the production of hydrogen through the interaction of iron with carbonic acid and bicarbonate. Hydrogen permeation testing and coupon exposure tests were used to understand the role of hydrogen in TGSCC. Effect of heat treatment and microstructure of X-65 pipeline steel of hydrogen diffusion was determined. Results from the coupon exposure tests indicate that the hydrogen produced from the carbonate mechanism is significantly more than that from the hydrogen reduction reaction alone for the measured corrosion. Diffusion coefficient and permeation current were determined from hydrogen permeation data for differently heat treated X-65 pipeline steel samples. Results from this study provide insight into the hydrogen driven mechanism of TGSCC by understanding the conditions of hydrogen entry into the pipeline and the site of hydrogen accumulation.
Guanylin stimulation of Cl- secretion in human intestinal T84 cells via cyclic guanosine monophosphate. (1993)

Intestinal salt and fluid secretion is stimulated by Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxins (ST) through activation of a membrane guanylate cyclase found in the intestine. Guanylin is an endogenous intestinal peptide that has structural similarity to the bacterial peptides. Synthetic preparations of guanylin or E. coli ST 5-17 stimulated Cl- secretion in T84 cells cultured on semipermeable membranes as measured by increases in short circuit current (Isc). The guanylin/ST receptors appeared to be on the apical surface of T84 cells, since addition of guanylin to the apical, but not basolateral, reservoir stimulated Isc. Bumetanide added to the basolateral side effectively inhibited the Isc responses of T84 cells to either guanylin or ST 5-17. Guanylin appeared to be about one-tenth as potent as ST in stimulating transepithelial Cl- secretion. Guanylin and E. coli ST 5-17 both caused massive (> 1,000-fold) increases in cGMP levels in T84 cells, but guanylin was less potent than ST. Both peptides fully inhibited the binding of 125I-ST to receptor sites on intact T84 cells. The radioligand binding data obtained with guanylin or ST 5-17 best fit a model predicting two receptors with different affinity for these ligands. The Ki values for guanylin were 19 +/- 5 nM and 1.3 +/- 0.5 microM, whereas the Ki values for ST 5-17 were 78 +/- 38 pM and 4.9 +/- 1.4 nM. We conclude that guanylin stimulated Cl- secretion via the second messenger, cGMP, in T84 human colon cells. At least two guanylin receptors with different affinities for these ligands may exist in the cultured T84 cells. It may be postulated that guanylin is an endogenous hormone that controls intestinal Cl- secretion by a paracrine mechanism via cGMP and that E. coli ST stimulates Cl- secretion by virtue of an opportunistic mechanism through activation of guanylin receptors.
Think differently: a brain orienting response to task novelty (2002)

Cognitive flexibility hinges on a readiness to direct attention to novel events, and on an ability to change one's mental set to find new solutions for old problems. Human event-related potential (ERP) studies have described a brain 'orienting' response to discrete novel events, marked by a frontally distributed positive potential peaking 300-400 ms post-stimulus (P3a). This brain potential has been typically related to bottom-up processing of novel non-targets under a fixed task-set (i.e., press a button to coloured targets), but had never been related to top-down attention control in dual-task paradigms. In this study, 27 subjects had their ERPs measured while they performed a version of the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), a dual-task paradigm where the same feedback cue signalled unpredictable shifts to a new task set (i.e., from 'sort by colour' to 'sort by shape'). Feedback cues that directed a shift in the subject's mental set to a new task-set elicited frontally distributed P3a activity, thus suggesting a role of the P3a response system in task-set shifting. Feedback cues also evoked a longer latency positive potential (350-600 ms; P3b), that was larger the more task rules were held in memory. In line with current models of prefrontal function in the executive control of attention, this P3a/P3b response system appears to reflect the co-ordinated action of prefrontal and posterior association cortices during the switching and updating of task sets in working memory.
Effect of in ovo feeding of dextrin-iodinated casein in broilers: II. Hatch window and growth performance (2016)

Studies were conducted using a commercial InovojectTM system to determine effects of in ovo feeding of dextrin and iodinated casein (IC) on hatch and posthatch growth in broilers. At ∼18.5 d embryonic development, eggs were treated with 0, 240, or 480 μg IC/mL in saline (Cont, IC240, and IC480) or dextrin (Dext, DextIC240 and DextIC480). The Dext solution consisted of 18% maltodextrin and 10% potato starch dextrin; saline was the vehicle used by the company for in ovo vaccination. The volume for all in ovo treatments was 50 μL/injection. Eggs in Experiment 1 were transferred to a commercial hatcher unit whereas eggs in Experiments 2 and 3 were transferred to a research hatcher unit to assess effects of treatments on timing of hatch. At hatch, chicks were randomly selected and placed in floor pens and grown to 6 wk. In Experiment 1, there were no differences in hatch weights, but broilers provided Dext IC240 in ovo were heavier (P < 0.05) at 6 wk compared to other treatments with the exception of the Dext IC240 group. In Experiment 2, hatch weights were heavier (P < 0.05) in chicks receiving IC240 and DexIC480 treatments compared to Controls. At 6 wk, broilers in all treatments were heavier (P < 0.05) than Cont with the exception of IC480. In Experiment 3, hatch was stimulated by IC240 (in saline), but was delayed by Dext IC240. Serum analysis of β-hydroxybutyrate (μM/mL), as an indicator of ketone accumulation from fat metabolism of chicks held in chick boxes for 24 h posthatch (to simulate delay in placement after hatch), indicated that chicks in the IC240 group (that hatched earlier) had higher blood ketones compared to chicks that received Dext or DextIC240 in ovo (that hatched later). We conclude dextrin and iodinated casein (240 μg/mL) provided in ovo (∼18.5 d of embryonic development) has the potential to improve chick quality and posthatch body weight by delaying or narrowing hatch window.
Nonlinear noise spectrum measurement using a probability-maintained noise power ratio method (2022)

Abstract Nonlinear distortion (noise) limits many communication systems, demanding a means of estimating system performance via device nonlinear characteristics. The noise power ratio (NPR) method which was proposed in 1971 solves this problem for systems with Gaussian stimuli or with special nonlinearity, but practical and accurate methods for many communication systems with non-Gaussian stimuli are rare. Here we propose a probability-maintained (PM) NPR method to accurately measure the spectrum of nonlinear noise via a spectrum analyzer in non-specific systems, including systems with non-Gaussian stimuli. Using an equivalent additive noise model in which the spectrum of equivalent nonlinear noise is the measurement result of PM NPRs, nonlinear system performance could be estimated with an error of 0.5 dB. Further, we find that zero-mean Chi-square noise, instead of Gaussian noise, should be selected for large memory and low-order nonlinear systems. Our method is verified in seven different scenarios with various nonlinear mechanisms and communication applications.
Optimal rate adaptation with Integer Linear Programming in the scalable extension of H.264/AVC (2011)

Adaptation for scalable video is one of the recent challenges in video distribution over modern networks, which are heterogeneous both in terms of available bandwidth and user end terminal capability. Scalable Video Coding offers the possibility to adapt the content following the “quality layer” abstraction. In this work we present a new method to optimally define quality layers using Integer Linear Programming and distortion models. The performances of the proposed approach are comparable with the state-of-the-art methods, but they are obtained with strong complexity reduction and augmented flexibility.
A comparison of visual and quantitative methods to identify interstitial lung abnormalities (2015)

Our findings demonstrate that increased measures of lung density may be helpful in determining the severity of lung volume reduction, but alone, are not strongly predictive of ILA defined by visual assessment. Moreover, HAAs were not associated with MUC5B promoter genotype.
Finite-Size Effects: Hydrogen inFe/V(001) Superlattices (2014)

We investigate the effect of finite size on phase boundaries of hydride formation in ultrathin metallic films, using Fe/V(001) superlattices as a model system. The critical temperature is determined to scale linearly with the inverse thickness of the V layers. The decrease of the ordering temperature with decreasing layer thickness arises from the missing H neighbors at the interfaces, analogous to observed finite-size effects in magnetic layers and nanosized ice crystals.
Expression of Lewis carbohydrate antigens in metastatic lesions from human prostatic carcinoma (1998)

Our results suggest that B1 and B3 immunoconjugates could be applied to target a substantial percentage of prostate cancer metastases.
Faster Sensitivity Loss around Dense Scotomas than for Overall Macular Sensitivity in Stargardt Disease: ProgStar Report No. 14 (2020)

In Stargardt disease type 1, macular sensitivity declines significantly faster at the edge of the dense scotoma than in the overall test grid. An automated, time-efficient approach for extracting and grading eMS is possible and appears valid. Thus, eMS offers a valuable tool and sensitive outcome parameter with which to follow Stargardt patients in clinical trials, allowing clinical trial designs with shorter duration and/or smaller cohorts.
<title>Fiber optic array sensors as an architecture for an artificial nose</title> (1995)

Imaging optical fibers can be used in conjunction with 2D detectors such as CCD cameras to fabricate array sensors. These sensors contain spatially separated photopolymers containing analyte-sensitive fluorescent indicators on an imaging fiber tip. Spatial resolution of the indicators is maintained through the imaging fiber array and projected onto a CCD detector. Sensors have been fabricated using the conventional one analyte-one sensor paradigm. This approach has resulted in multianalyte sensors for blood gases, process control parameters, and environmental contaminants. An entirely different approach is also being taken. Sensing sites containing cross-reactive indicator regions are deposited on the end of the imaging fiber. The resulting array is then challenged with a variety of analytes. Pattern recognition algorithms are employed to train a neural network. The resulting sensor array can identify subsequent challenges with the analyte even after extended use.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
3D structures of liquid-phase GaIn alloy embedded in PDMS with freeze casting (2013)

Liquid phase electronic circuits are created by freeze casting gallium-indium (GaIn) alloys, such as eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn), and encapsulating these frozen components within an elastomer. These metal alloys are liquid at room temperature, and can be cast using either injection or a vacuum to fill a PDMS mold and placing the mold in a freezer. Once solidified, a GaIn alloy segment can be manipulated, altered, or bonded to other circuit elements. A stretchable circuit can be fabricated by placing frozen components onto an elastomer substrate, which can be either patterned or flat, and sealing with an additional layer of elastomer. Circuits produced in this fashion are soft, stretchable, and can have complex 3D channel geometries. In contrast, current fabrication techniques, including needle injection, mask deposition, and microcontact printing, are limited to 2D planar designs. Additionally, freeze casting fabrication can create closed loops, multi-terminal circuits with branching features, and large area geometries.
Epigenetic alterations in the dystrophic muscle environment down-regulate rAAV-mediated transgene expression (2013)

International audience
DTEM In Situ Mechanical Testing: Defects Motion at High Strain Rates (2016)

Defect nucleation and motion during high strain rate experiments has not been observed in situ at the nanoscale in metals. However, imaging dislocation and twin nucleation and propagation will enhance our understanding and ability to predict dynamic behavior and spall strength. In the experiments described here we use the Dynamic TEM at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory which is capable of recording pictures with a 20-ns time resolution in movie mode (a short multi-frames experiment), and we developed a new TEM holder capable of deforming samples at strain rates ranging from quasistatic to 104 s−1. The holder uses two piezoelectric actuators that bend rapidly to load samples and TEM specimens with small gauge sections to obtain high strain rates. The TEM specimens and their narrow gauge sections are machined from bulk specimens using a femtosecond laser. The 50-μm wide gauge sections are ion milled to create electron transparent areas. We present high strain rate in situ mechanical test results for copper specimens.
Sca1-Derived Cells Are a Source of Myocardial Renewal in the Murine Adult Heart (2013)

Although the mammalian heart is one of the least regenerative organs in the body, recent evidence indicates that the myocardium undergoes a certain degree of renewal to maintain homeostasis during normal aging. However, the cellular origin of cardiomyocyte renewal has remained elusive due to lack of lineage tracing experiments focusing on putative adult cardiac precursor cells. We have generated triple-transgenic mice based on the tet-cre system to identify descendants of cells that have expressed the stem cell marker Sca1. We found a significant and lasting contribution of Sca1-derived cells to cardiomyocytes during normal aging. Ischemic damage and pressure overload resulted in increased differentiation of Sca1-derived cells to the different cell types present in the heart. Our results reveal a source of cells for cardiomyocyte renewal and provide a possible explanation for the limited contribution of Sca1-derived cells to myocardial repair under pathological conditions.
Surgery for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults (2021)

The protocol was withdrawn because the review was not completed.
Fundamental Procedures for Determining Ergosterol Content of Decaying Plant Material by Liquid Chromatography (1988)

Portions of published procedures for measurement of ergosterol content of decomposing plants were examined for their influence upon ergosterol yield. Common methods of treatment of plant samples prior to sterol extraction (e.g., oven drying, freezing, lyophilization) led to reduced recoveries of ergosterol (ca. 20 to 80%). The least destructive method was direct placement and storage in methanol. Photoconversion of ergosterol is not likely to cause losses during analysis, but losses are likely if there is insufficient mixing during neutral-lipid partitioning from base-hydrolysis reagents. Homogenization (two times for 2 min) and refluxing (2 h) in methanol were equally effective in extracting ergosterol. Direct extraction in base-hydrolysis reagents was less effective (by ca. 40%).
Identification and exploitation of structural foci that influence conformational mobility in somatostatin agonists and antagonists (2006)

The structural complexity of small peptides is such that the use of even a limited cassette of natural and unnatural amino acids in the development of structure-activity relationships can result in potential target arrays of discrete compounds. Such diversity is a logistic challenge, even in an era where parallel synthesis and high throughput assay methods are widely practiced. We have therefore concentrated on the development of small “focused” arrays, and the challenge becomes one of identifying the site(s) of focus. The somatostatin (ss) agonist BIM-23023 [1], and the recently described somatostatin antagonist BIM-23454 [2], have modest selectivity for hSSTR2 and we were interested in exploring the relationship between structure and function with respect to affinity for, and efficacy at alternative somatostatin receptor subtypes.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrovinylation and Hydroarylation of Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds (2011)

Abstract Review: 151 refs.
On the Interaction of Natural and Mechanical Heart Valve Leaflets With the Chordae Tendineae (2002)

Long before mitral valve replacement (MVR) became a routine operation, physiologic studies indicated that the continuity of mitral leaflets with papillary muscles, chordae tendineae (CT) and the atrioventricular ring may play a decisive role in the function of the left ventricle (LV) [1]. This led Lillehei et al. [2] to establish a procedure whereby the posterior leaflet, its CT and papillary muscles were preserved in MVRs. These and other studies indicated a significant reduction of postoperative mortality compared to conventional MVR. Though developed in the early 1960s by Lillehei, the technique of chordal preservation was not initially accepted. It wasn’t until 1983 that surgeons began to revive the concept of MVR with preservation of the CT. As this technique became more widely known, many clinical studies were performed; however, very few have been conducted which examine the effect of leaflets and CT on flow dynamics.