gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Microbial Reduction of Azo Dye by Using Biochar from Iron-Rich-Biomass Pyrolysis (2019)

Biochar is widely used in the environmental-protection field. This study presents the first investigation of the mechanism of biochar prepared using iron (Fe)-rich biomass and its impact on the reductive removals of Orange G dye by <i>Shewanella oneidensis</i> MR-1. The results show that biochars significantly accelerated electron transfer from cells to Orange G and thus stimulated reductive removal rate to 72-97%. Both the conductive domains and the charging and discharging of surface functional groups in biochars played crucial roles in the microbial reduction of Orange G to aniline. A high Fe content of the precursor significantly enhanced the conductor performance of the produced biochar and thus enabled the biochar to have a higher reductive removal rate of Orange G (97%) compared to the biochar prepared using low-Fe precursor (75%), but did not promote the charging and discharging capacity of the produced biochar. This study can prompt the search for natural biomass with high Fe content to confer the produced biochar with wide-ranging applications in stimulating the microbial reduction of redox-active pollutants.
Image-based lighting adjustment method for browsing object images (2009)

In this paper, we describe an automatic lighting adjustment method for browsing object images. From a set of images of an object, taken under different lighting conditions, we generate two types of illuminated images: a textural image which eliminates unwanted specular reflections of the object, and a highlight image in which specularities of the object are highly preserved. Our user interface allows viewers to digitally zoom into any region of the image, and the lighting adjusted images are automatically generated for the selected region and displayed. Switching between the textural and the highlight images helps viewers to understand characteristics of the object surface.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Isolaurepinnacin. Use of Acetal‐Alkene Cyclizations to Prepare Highly Functionalized Seven‐Membered Cyclic Ethers. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Co-fireable copper multilayered ceramic substrates (2003)

The authors discuss the manufacture of co-fireable copper multilayered ceramic substrates utilizing green-tape technology. The substrates were manufactured using an oxidation-reduction reaction, employing CuO paste as an inner-layer conductor. Two types of substrate materials were developed, a crystallizable glass that has good flexural strength, and an amorphous glass which has a low dielectric constant. The burnout process is performed in air. The reduction process is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere containing 10% hydrogen in which copper oxide is reduced into copper, and sintering is performed in the nitrogen. Low impedance, migration resistance, and low cost have resulted from the use of a Cu conductor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Binary classification of spoken words with passive phononic metamaterials (2021)

Mitigating the energy requirements of artificial intelligence requires novel physical substrates for computation. Phononic metamaterials have a vanishingly low power dissipation and hence are a prime candidate for green, always-on computers. However, their use in machine learning applications has not been explored due to the complexity of their design process: Current phononic metamaterials are restricted to simple geometries (e.g. periodic, tapered), and hence do not possess sufficient expressivity to encode machine learning tasks. We design and fabricate a non-periodic phononic metamaterial, directly from data samples, that can distinguish between pairs of spoken words in the presence of a simple readout nonlinearity; hence demonstrating that phononic metamaterials are a viable avenue towards zero-power smart devices.
1-D and 2D-NMR Assignments of Nigricin from Iris imbricata (2005)

Ethanolic crude extract of I. imbricata Lindl. (Iridaceae) was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel with varying portions of MeOH: CHCl3. Nigicin (irisolone) was isolated and its identification carried out by IR, UV, MS, 1-D and 2-D NMR spectroscopy.
Optimum filter design for partial-response class-IV transmission systems (2003)

The design of a mixed digital/analog transmit filter and a variable analog receive filter for partial-response class-IV signaling over metallic cables is discussed. Optimum filters are analytically determined for maximum cable length and additive Gaussian noise. Since the transfer function of the overall channel is given, these filters are independent of crosstalk. The optimum filter characteristics are approximated by those of single realizable filters. A simple analog equalizer section with independently controllable bandwidth and gain parameters is optimized by simulated annealing so that it could best compensate for variations of cable length when used as part of the receive filter. Simulated annealing is also employed to determine the remaining fixed section of the receive filter and the analog transmit filter. The digital section of the transmit filter is designed to achieve precise signal shaping over the considered range of cable lengths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of Prewetting on Bubbly- and Pulsing-Flow Regime Transitions in Trickle-Bed Reactors (2015)

The transitions from trickle to bubbly flow and trickle to pulsing flow are investigated in the range of gas superficial velocities vG = 4–220 mm/s using air and water, with additional consideration of the effect of the prewetting procedure. The flow regime transition was detected by the standard deviation of the pressure drop and visual observation, with further confirmation using a high-speed camera. Results show a significant effect of the prewetting procedure on the liquid superficial velocity at a fixed gas superficial velocity required for transition from trickle to bubbly flow and trickle to pulsing flow. At low gas superficial velocities, where the transition from trickle to bubbly flow occurs, a significant departure from literature model predictions is observed. Below vG = 20 mm/s, rather than the expected increase in the liquid superficial velocity required for transition with decreasing gas superficial velocity, the transition is observed to be essentially independent of the gas flow.
Processing and Optimization (2021)

Now that we have provided sufficient background on imaging and tools, the processes that use them and the optimization of these processes are given in this chapter. We start with optimization of the exposure tools, then move on to resist processing, <i>k</i><sub>1</sub> reduction schemes, and finally the control of critical-dimension (CD) uniformity and overlay accuracy.
Flow Visualization and Ultrasonic Measurement of Taylor Vortex Flow at Small Aspect Ratio (2004)

In this study, experiment was carried out for Taylor-couette voltex flow between a rotating inner cylinder and a fixed outer cylinder with small aspect ratio. It is two concentric rotating cylinders with a 25mm gap in aspect ration 3 and radial ratio 0.667 by mean of an ultrasonic velocity profiler (UVP). Successive instantaneous and mean velocity profiles were obtained by an ultrasonic Doppler velocity profile method, and the spatiotemporal velocity field had been analyzed by two-dimensional Fourier transform in following the transition region of the turbulent flows MVF and WVF of three cell mode, N-2Cell, N-4Cell and A-3Cell mode.
541 mregDC/T helper niches enable local reactivation of CD8 T cells upon PD-1 blockade (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> While T cell accumulation in tumors is associated with response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), many T cell-rich tumors fail to respond to ICB. <h3>Methods</h3> Here we leveraged a large neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade trial in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to search for correlates of ICB response within T cell-rich tumors. <h3>Results</h3> Paired single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing of nearly one million immune cells revealed that anti-tumor responses to ICB correlated with significant clonal expansion of intratumoral CXCL13<sup>+</sup>CH25H<sup>+</sup>IL-21<sup>+</sup>TCF7<sup>+</sup> CD4 T helper cells (CXCL13<sup>+</sup> Th) and GranzymeK<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> CD8 effector-like T cells, whereas terminally exhausted CD39<sup>hi</sup>TOX<sup>hi</sup>PD-1<sup>hi</sup> CD8 T cells dominated in non-responders. Most T cell clonotypes that expanded post-treatment were found in pre-treatment biopsies, suggesting local reactivation of antigen-experienced T cells by PD-1 blockade. Notably, PD-1<sup>+</sup>TCF-1<sup>+</sup> CD8 T cells with features of progenitor-exhausted cells were found in tumors of responders and non-responders. Strikingly, tumors from responders were highly enriched in mregDCs, a DC state triggered by capture of tumor debris, which formed physically interacting cellular triads with CXCL13<sup>+</sup> Th cells and PD-1<sup>+</sup>TCF1<sup>+</sup> progenitor-like CD8 T cells. Receptor-ligand analysis revealed unique interactions within these triads that may promote the differentiation of progenitor-exhausted CD8 T cell into effector-like cells upon PD-1 blockade. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results suggest that discrete intratumoral niches that include mregDCs and CXCL13<sup>+</sup> Th cells control the differentiation of tumor-specific progenitor-exhausted CD8 T cell clones into effective anti-tumor T cells in patients treated with ICB. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> NCT03916627 <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> Samples of lymph node, tumor and non-involved adjacent liver were obtained from surgical specimens of patients undergoing resection at Mount Sinai Hospital (New York, NY) after obtaining informed consent in accordance with a protocol reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (IRB Human Subjects Electronic Research Applications 18-00407) and in collaboration with the Biorepository and Department of Pathology. The single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial of HCC patients with resectable tumors was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03916627, Cohort B). 21 patients were enrolled and received two cycles of Cemiplimab before surgical resection as described in (Marron et al., 2022a).
Chemical Modification of Mammalian Cell Surfaces (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Canarypox Virus Vector ALVAC Induces Distinct Cytokine Responses Compared to the Vaccinia Virus-Based Vectors MVA and NYVAC in Rhesus Monkeys (2013)

Despite the growing use of poxvirus vectors as vaccine candidates for multiple pathogens and cancers, their innate stimulatory properties remain poorly characterized. Here we show that the canarypox virus-based vector ALVAC induced distinct systemic proinflammatory and antiviral cytokine and chemokine levels following the vaccination of rhesus monkeys compared to the vaccinia virus-based vectors MVA and NYVAC. These data suggest that there are substantial biological differences among leading poxvirus vaccine vectors that may influence resultant adaptive immune responses following vaccination.
Magnetarc Welding - peculiarities of joining thin wall tubes (2010)

The paper presents the MAGNETARC welding of thin tubes achieved with an original longitudinal magnetization system, designed to assure the magnetic flux concentration on tube wall. Process main stages are presented, from the arc initiation until the molten metal appears, upsetting is achieved and the weld forms. Infrared thermography was used for temperature measurements and process visualization. Macro and microstructural analysis accompanies the hardness tests made on correspondingly welded samples, demonstrating the process capability of producing sound, qualitative joints.
Perceptual insensitivity to higher-order statistical moments of coherent random dot motion (2018)

ABSTRACT When the visual system analyses distributed patterns of sensory inputs, what features of those distributions does it use? It has been previously demonstrated that higher-order statistical moments of luminance distributions influence perception of static surfaces and textures. Here, we tested whether the brain also represents higher-order moments of dynamic stimuli. We constructed random dot kinematograms where dots moved according to probability distributions that selectively differed in terms of their mean, variance, skewness, or kurtosis. When viewing these stimuli, human observers were sensitive to the mean direction of coherent motion and to the variance of the individual dot displacement angles, but they were insensitive to skewness and kurtosis. Observer behavior accorded with a model of directional motion energy, suggesting that information about higher-order moments is discarded early in the visual processing hierarchy. These results demonstrate that use of higher-order moments is not a general property of visual perception.
Copper(I) tert-Butylthiolato Clusters as Single-Source Precursors for High-Quality Chalcocite Thin Films:  Precursor Chemistry in Solution and the Solid State (2007)

Polymeric (CuStBu)∞ (1) undergoes reaction with trialkylphosphines to form the cuprous thiolato phosphine complexes [(CuStBu)4(PR3)2] (R = Me (2a), Et (2b)) in high yield. In contrast to 2b, in polar solvents (CH2Cl2, tetrahydrofuran), complex 2a is in equilibrium with the ion pair Cu(PMe3)4+Cu5(StBu)6- (3) and other species such as (CuStBu)x(PMe3)2 (x = 6 (4), 8 (5)). Clusters 2−4 were isolated analytically pure and fully characterized in solution by multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and 31P magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy, while the structure of compound 5 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) and examination of the volatile byproducts suggest stepwise phosphine loss and C−S bond cleavage by isobutene elimination as the predominant thermolysis pathways of this new Cu2S precursor class.
Gd(DOTAlaP): Exploring the Boundaries of Fast Water Exchange in Gadolinium-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents (2014)

Here, we describe the synthesis of the single amino acid chelator DOTAlaP and four of its derivatives. The corresponding gadolinium(III) complexes were investigated for their kinetic inertness, relaxometric properties at a range of fields and temperatures, water exchange rate, and interaction with human serum albumin (HSA). Derivatives with one inner-sphere water (q = 1) were determined to have a mean water residency time between 8 and 6 ns in phoshate-buffered saline at 37 °C. The corresponding europium complexes were also formed and used to obtain information on the hydration number of the corresponding coordination complexes. Two complexes capable of binding HSA were also synthesized, of which one, Gd(5b), contains no inner-sphere water, while the other derivative, Gd(4b), is a mixture of ca. 15% q =1 and 85% q = 0. In the presence of HSA, the latter displayed a very short mean water residency time (τM(310) = 2.4 ns) and enhanced relaxivity at intermediate and high fields. The kinetic inertness of Gd(4b) with respect to complex dissociation was decreased compared to its DOTAla analogue but still 100-fold more inert than [Gd(BOPTA)(H2O)](2-). Magnetic resonance imaging in mice showed that Gd(4b) was able to provide 38% better vessel to muscle contrast compared to the clinically used HSA binding agent MS-325.
Dendritic Cell–Derived Exosomes as Immunotherapies in the Fight against Cancer (2014)

Exosomes are nanometric membrane vesicles of late endosomal origin released by most, if not all, cell types as a means of sophisticated intercellular communication. A multitude of studies showed how exosomes can mediate and regulate immune responses against tumors. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes (Dex) have received much attention as immunotherapeutic anticancer agents since the discovery that they harbor functional MHC-peptide complexes, in addition to various other immune-stimulating components, that together facilitate immune cell-dependent tumor rejection. The therapeutic potential of Dex has been substantiated with their development and clinical testing in the treatment of cancer. This review focuses on mechanisms by which Dex interact with and influence immune cells and describes how they can be engineered to promote their immunogenic capacity as novel and dynamic anticancer agents.
Direct experimental and numerical determination of extremely high group indices in photonic crystal waveguides (2005)

We report on time-of-flight experimental measurements and numerical calculations of the group-index dispersion in a photonic crystal waveguide realized in silicon-on-insulator material. Experimentally group indices higher than 230 has been observed. Numerical 2D and 3D time-domain simulations show excellent agreement with the measured data.
Minimal residual disease (MRD) detection in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia based on fusion genes and genomic deletions: towards MRD for all (2021)

Minimal residual disease (MRD) diagnostics are implemented in most clinical protocols for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and are mostly performed using rearranged immunoglobulin (IG) and/or T-cell receptor (TR) gene rearrangements as molecular polymerase chain reaction targets. Unfortunately, in 5-10% of patients no or no sensitive IG/TR targets are available, and patients therefore cannot be stratified appropriately. In the present study, we used fusion genes and genomic deletions as alternative MRD targets in these patients, which retrospectively revealed appropriate MDR stratification in 79% of patients with no (sensitive) IG/TR target, and a different risk group stratification in more than half of the cases.
D-Band total power radiometer front end in 90nm SiGe technology (2017)

A D-Band total power radiometer, implemented in an advanced 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology is presented. The passive imager front-end consists of D-Band LNA followed by a HBT-based power detector. The LNA achieves 30 dB gain over 28 GHz bandwidth with measured noise figure lower than 7.5 dB. The square-law power detector achieves responsivity of 14.5 kV/W and noise equivalent power (NEP) <1.5 pW/√Hz. The receiver shows record bandwidth of 20 GHz, peak responsivity of 14 MV/W and NEP of 4.3 fW/√Hz at nominal bias. It's small footprint, and low power consumption (40 mW) make it suitable for large-scale imaging arrays.
Cache-Aided Millimeter Wave Ad Hoc Networks With Contention-Based Content Delivery (2018)

The narrow-beam operation in millimeter wave (mmWave) networks minimizes the network interference leading to noise-limited networks in contrast with interference-limited ones. The medium access control (MAC) layer throughput and interference management strategies heavily depend on the noise-limited or interference-limited regime. Yet, these regimes are not considered in recent mmWave MAC layer designs, which can potentially have disastrous consequences on the communication performance. In this paper, we investigate the performance of cache-enabled MAC-based mmWave ad hoc networks, where randomly distributed nodes are supported by a cache. The ad hoc nodes are modeled as homogenous Poisson point processes. Specifically, we study the optimal content placement (or caching placement) at desirable mmWave nodes using a network model that accounts for uncertainties both in node locations and blockages. We propose a contention-based multimedia delivery protocol to avoid collisions among the concurrent transmissions. Subsequently, only the node with smallest back-off timer among its contenders is allowed to transmit. We then characterize the average success probability of content delivery. We also characterize the cache hit ratio probability, and transmission probability of this system under essential factors, such as blockages, node density, path loss, and caching parameters.
Transformative Impact of Proteomics on Cardiovascular Health and Disease (2015)

The year 2014 marked the 20th anniversary of the coining of the term proteomics. The purpose of this scientific statement is to summarize advances over this period that have catalyzed our capacity to address the experimental, translational, and clinical implications of proteomics as applied to cardiovascular health and disease and to evaluate the current status of the field. Key successes that have energized the field are delineated; opportunities for proteomics to drive basic science research, facilitate clinical translation, and establish diagnostic and therapeutic healthcare algorithms are discussed; and challenges that remain to be solved before proteomic technologies can be readily translated from scientific discoveries to meaningful advances in cardiovascular care are addressed. Proteomics is the result of disruptive technologies, namely, mass spectrometry and database searching, which drove protein analysis from 1 protein at a time to protein mixture analyses that enable large-scale analysis of proteins and facilitate paradigm shifts in biological concepts that address important clinical questions. Over the past 20 years, the field of proteomics has matured, yet it is still developing rapidly. The scope of this statement will extend beyond the reaches of a typical review article and offer guidance on the use of next-generation proteomics for future scientific discovery in the basic research laboratory and clinical settings.
Demonstrating CAT (2022)

Databases for OLTP are often the backbone for applications such as hotel room or cinema ticket booking applications. However, developing a conversational agent (i.e., a chatbot-like interface) to allow end-users to interact with an application using natural language requires both immense amounts of training data and NLP expertise. This motivates CAT , which can be used to easily create conversational agents for transactional databases. The main idea is that, for a given OLTP database, CAT uses weak supervision to synthesize the required training data to train a state-of-the-art conversational agent, allowing users to interact with the OLTP database. Furthermore, CAT provides an out-of-the-box integration of the resulting agent with the database. As a major difference to existing conversational agents, agents synthesized by CAT are data-aware. This means that the agent decides which information should be requested from the user based on the current data distributions in the database, which typically results in markedly more efficient dialogues compared with non-data-aware agents. We publish the code for CAT as open source.
Femtosecond Raman‐induced Kerr effect spectroscopy (2008)

Abstract We report the development of a new vibrational technique called Femtosecond Raman‐Induced Kerr Effect Spectroscopy (FRIKES). This technique combines a narrow‐bandwidth picosecond Raman pump pulse with a broadband femtosecond probe pulse to produce high‐resolution Raman‐induced Kerr effect spectra spanning a large vibrational range. Because it is a polarization detection technique, FRIKES produces background‐free Raman spectra with high signal‐to‐noise and rapid acquisition times. The practicality of FRIKES is demonstrated by obtaining Raman spectra of common solvents, revealing that its performance is comparable to femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS). The capabilities of FRIKES will make it a valuable new vibrational spectroscopic tool for studies of chemical and biological systems, especially once it is extended to time‐resolved studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.