gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Selective CF3 Substitution on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Gold Corroles (2017)

Abstract Gold corroles are not readily accessible and they display no interesting physical or chemical properties. A facile methodology has now been developed for obtaining selectively CF 3 ‐substituted gold(III) corroles and the introduction of these groups has been found to have an immense effect on the structures of the complexes, their photophysical and redox properties, and on their ability to participate in catalytic processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Antifungal Activity of 2′‐Substituted Furanocoumarins and Related Compounds. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Melting line of aluminum from simulations of coexisting phases (1994)

We have performed simulations of coexisting liquid and solid phases of aluminum as an efficient way of mapping out the coexistence line. This technique is convenient, as it does not require complicated free-energy calculations for the different phases, but simply allows the system to equilibrate to a co-existence point. By altering the simulation volume and/or energy, a new coexistence point is found. The calculated method temperature is lower than previous results for the identical model; we suspect that this difference is due to the difficulty of calculating the free energy of the liquid phase, leading to inaccuracies in the previous work. A thorough examination of several different system sizes, from 1024 to 65 536 particles, indicates that the results are only weakly dependent upon the system size.
High Potency VEGFRs/MET/FMS Triple Blockade by TAS-115 Concomitantly Suppresses Tumor Progression and Bone Destruction in Tumor-Induced Bone Disease Model with Lung Carcinoma Cells (2016)

Approximately 25-40% of patients with lung cancer show bone metastasis. Bone modifying agents reduce skeletal-related events (SREs), but they do not significantly improve overall survival. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently required. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of TAS-115, a VEGFRs and HGF receptor (MET)-targeted kinase inhibitor, in a tumor-induced bone disease model. A549-Luc-BM1 cells, an osteo-tropic clone of luciferase-transfected A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549-Luc), produced aggressive bone destruction associated with tumor progression after intra-tibial (IT) implantation into mice. TAS-115 significantly reduced IT tumor growth and bone destruction. Histopathological analysis showed a decrease in tumor vessels after TAS-115 treatment, which might be mediated through VEGFRs inhibition. Furthermore, the number of osteoclasts surrounding the tumor was decreased after TAS-115 treatment. In vitro studies demonstrated that TAS-115 inhibited HGF-, VEGF-, and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)-induced signaling pathways in osteoclasts. Moreover, TAS-115 inhibited Feline McDonough Sarcoma oncogene (FMS) kinase, as well as M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. Thus, VEGFRs/MET/FMS-triple inhibition in osteoclasts might contribute to the potent efficacy of TAS-115. The fact that concomitant dosing of sunitinib (VEGFRs/FMS inhibition) with crizotinib (MET inhibition) exerted comparable inhibitory efficacy for bone destruction to TAS-115 also supports this notion. In conclusion, TAS-115 inhibited tumor growth via VEGFR-kinase blockade, and also suppressed bone destruction possibly through VEGFRs/MET/FMS-kinase inhibition, which resulted in potent efficacy of TAS-115 in an A549-Luc-BM1 bone disease model. Thus, TAS-115 shows promise as a novel therapy for lung cancer patients with bone metastasis.
A Predictive Model Based on Surface Electromyography to Assess the Easiness of Deglutition of Dysphagia Diets (2016)

Dysphagia diet is used for the people who have disorder of swallowing caused by aging or cerebral arterial diseases. The current standards for dysphagic diets are based on their physical characteristics. However, parameters that reflect the easiness of swallowing are also critical. Here, we developed a method to objectively evaluate the easiness of deglutition. First, we collected 68 terms that describe food textures related to easiness of deglutition, and selected 54 commercial dysphagia diets as samples. Using these terms and samples, we conducted a texture-perception questionnaire survey, and the results were subjected to a correspondence analysis. Referring to the results of this analysis, 10 textures that represent the easiness of deglutition were selected and dysphagia diets corresponding to each texture were selected as well. Then, sensory evaluation and surface electromyography (sEMG) of the anterior triangle of the neck (submental triangle) were recorded using these samples. We developed a predictive model for the easiness of deglutition by applying a partial least squares (PLS) regression technique to the sensory evaluation and sEMG data. Parameter fitting of the cross-validation model was significant (R 2 , 0.87; RMSE, 0.34). The model accuracy was further investigated by fitting the model to test data, and results were again significant (R 2 , 0.89; RMSE, 0.10). This indicates that our predictive model using sEMG measurements was highly accurate. Evaluating the easiness of deglutition with this predictive model will help identify and develop new foods that make swallowing easier for patients with dysphagia.
Linear Generator with Different Types of Ferrite Permanent Magnets for Wave Energy Conversion (2017)

Linear Generator with Different Types of Ferrite Permanent Magnets for Wave Energy Conversion
An MRI elliptical coil with minimum inductance (1993)

The authors present an application to elliptical coordinates of Turner's target field method. Coils are designed with their inductance minimized subject to constraints on the magnetic field. This is of value, for example, in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) where it is desired that high-strength gradient coils be rapidly switched on and off. Green functions and associated computational tools in elliptic coordinates are developed. The authors also discuss the advantages of elliptically cylindrical coils compared with circularly cylindrical coils for whole-body MRI applications.
Performance of Broad-band Generalized Sidelobe Cancellers in Isotropic Noise Field (2000)

In acoustic applications, the signal source of interest is generally broadband and the background noise field is predominantly isotropic. In this letter, the performance of the broadband generalized sidelobe canceller, optimized with respect to an isotropic noise field, is analyzed and compared against the performance of the conventional summing beamformer. The comparison is based on an ideal continuous-time infinite-length generalized sidelobe canceller with the aim of determining the performance limits of this beamforming structure. ©2000 Acoustical Society of America.
Chemical Analysis of Materials Exposed to Venus Temperature and Surface Atmosphere (2018)

Abstract Planetary exploration in the harsh Venus surface environment faces a myriad of technical challenges related to material survivability, durability, and overall reliable systems operation. An understanding of material reactions in Venus relevant atmospheric conditions is core to enabling future successful Venus science missions. This work investigated various candidate materials used in fabricating electronics, sensors, and packaging after exposure to simulated Venus surface atmosphere. The NASA Glenn Extreme Environments Rig is capable of reproducing Venusian temperature, pressure, and atmospheric composition of the Venus surface consisting mostly of CO 2 and N 2 as well as traces of SO 2 , H 2 O, CO, OCS, HCl, HF, and H 2 S. The exposed materials were characterized using Auger electron spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and optical imaging. The reactivity of the sulfur gas constituents with several of the exposed materials were found to have adverse effects on the materials, particularly those composed of transition metals. Alloys, brazes, and cladded materials all exhibited extensive reactions. In contrast, compounds of SiC, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and elemental Au and Ir were found to be chemically inert. The fundamental experimental understanding of material interactions with the simulated Venusian environment gained in this study enables improved selection of materials and hardware designs that would increase the success margin of future long duration science mission on Venus.
Application of Nano‐Aluminum/Nitrocellulose Mesoparticles in Composite Solid Rocket Propellants (2015)

Abstract In this work we investigate the potential application of nano‐aluminum/nitrocellulose mesoparticles as an ingredient for solid composite rocket propellants. The basic strategy is to incorporate nanoaluminum in the form of a micrometer scale particle containing a gas‐generator, to enable easier processing, and potential benefits resulting from reduced sintering prior to combustion. The mesoparticles were made by electrospray and comprised aluminum nanoparticles (50 nm) and nitrocellulose to form micrometer scale particles. In this study, 80 % solids loaded composite propellants (AP/HTPB based) were made with the addition of micrometer sized (2–3 μm) aluminum (10 wt‐%), and compared directly to propellants made by directly substituting aluminum mesoparticles for traditional micrometer sized particles. Propellant burning rate was relatively insensitive for mesoparticles containing between 5–15 wt‐% nitrocellulose. However, direct comparison between a mesoparticle based propellant, to a propellant containing micrometer scale aluminum particles showed burning rates approximately 35 % higher while having a nearly identical burning rate exponent. High speed imaging indicate that propellants using mesoparticles have less agglomeration of particles on the propellant surface.
MRC2014: Extensions to the MRC format header for electron cryo-microscopy and tomography (2015)

The MRC binary file format is widely used in the three-dimensional electron microscopy field for storing image and volume data. Files contain a header which describes the kind of data held, together with other important metadata. In response to advances in electron microscopy techniques, a number of variants to the file format have emerged which contain useful additional data, but which limit interoperability between different software packages. Following extensive discussions, the authors, who represent leading software packages in the field, propose a set of extensions to the MRC format standard designed to accommodate these variants, while restoring interoperability. The MRC format is equivalent to the map format used in the CCP4 suite for macromolecular crystallography, and the proposal also maintains interoperability with crystallography software. This Technical Note describes the proposed extensions, and serves as a reference for the standard.
Proteasome activator complex PA28 identified as an accessible target in prostate cancer by in vivo selection of human antibodies (2013)

Antibody cancer therapies rely on systemically accessible targets and suitable antibodies that exert a functional activity or deliver a payload to the tumor site. Here, we present proof-of-principle of in vivo selection of human antibodies in tumor-bearing mice that identified a tumor-specific antibody able to deliver a payload and unveils the target antigen. By using an ex vivo enrichment process against freshly disaggregated tumors to purge the repertoire, in combination with in vivo biopanning at optimized phage circulation time, we have identified a human domain antibody capable of mediating selective localization of phage to human prostate cancer xenografts. Affinity chromatography followed by mass spectrometry analysis showed that the antibody recognizes the proteasome activator complex PA28. The specificity of soluble antibody was confirmed by demonstrating its binding to the active human PA28αβ complex. Whereas systemically administered control phage was confined in the lumen of blood vessels of both normal tissues and tumors, the selected phage spread from tumor vessels into the perivascular tumor parenchyma. In these areas, the selected phage partially colocalized with PA28 complex. Furthermore, we found that the expression of the α subunit of PA28 [proteasome activator complex subunit 1 (PSME1)] is elevated in primary and metastatic human prostate cancer and used anti-PSME1 antibodies to show that PSME1 is an accessible marker in mouse xenograft tumors. These results support the use of PA28 as a tumor marker and a potential target for therapeutic intervention in prostate cancer.
STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL AND GAS SENSING PROPERTIES OF ZnO, SnO2 AND ZTO NANOSTRUCTURES (2010)

Tetrapods, nanobelts and polyhedron-shape like zinc oxide (ZnO) , tin dioxide (SnO 2 ) nanostructures and ZnO/ZnSnO 3 /Zn 2 SnO 4 (ZTO) composite functional semiconducting nanostructures have been synthesized successfully by the vapor–solid growth process. XRD analyses showed that ZnO with wurtzite, SnO 2 with rutile and zinc stannate (ZnSnO 3 ) and/or dizinc stannate (Zn 2 SnO 4 ) with polyhedral crystal structure were condensed from the vapor phase when Zn and/or Sn metal powders individually or mixed were used as the starting materials. The driving forces for growth of these nanostructures were found to be vapor density, temperature, pressure and place of deposition from the source materials. Typically, the ZnO nanobelts have lengths of several hundred of nanometers and widths of about 10–15 nm. The average particle size of SnO 2 are in the range of about 10–20 nm. Uniform hexagonal-shaped crystals of ZnO/ZnSnO 3 /Zn 2 SnO 4 composite in the range of 50–300 nm as estimated from TEM images are observed. Based on the TEM, optical absorption and emission studies and the CO gas sensing characteristics of the prepared materials showed good crystal quality implying that the ZnO , SnO 2 and ZnO/ZnSnO 3 /Zn 2 SnO 4 nanostructures may suggest possible applications in optoelectronic devices and chemical gas sensors.
VP7 Serotype-specific Glycoprotein of OSU Porcine Rotavirus: Coding Assignment and Gene Sequence (1986)

With a reassortant from a cross of human rotavirus DS-1 (serotype 2) and OSU (serotype 5) it was determined that the OSU major neutralization glycoprotein antigen (VP7) was encoded by gene segment 9. A full-sized cloned cDNA copy of the OSU gene 9 was produced and sequenced. Hybridization of such labelled cDNA with the corresponding segment of a reassortant DS-1 X OSU virus confirmed the coding assignment. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the VP7 of OSU with those previously determined for five other rotavirus strains, representing four distinct serotypes, revealed some hydrophilic regions that exhibited significant homology and other hydrophilic domains with greater amino acid divergence. In one of the latter hydrophilic domains each of the five serotypes had a distinct amino acid substitution at residue 146, suggesting that it may be involved in serotype specificity.
Macrophage PPARγ is required for normal skeletal muscle and hepatic insulin sensitivity and full antidiabetic effects of thiazolidinediones (2007)

PPAR gamma is required for fat cell development and is the molecular target of antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which exert insulin-sensitizing effects in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. Unexpectedly, we found that inactivation of PPAR gamma in macrophages results in the development of significant glucose intolerance plus skeletal muscle and hepatic insulin resistance in lean mice fed a normal diet. This phenotype was associated with increased expression of inflammatory markers and impaired insulin signaling in adipose tissue, muscle, and liver. PPAR gamma-deficient macrophages secreted elevated levels of factors that impair insulin responsiveness in muscle cells in a manner that was enhanced by exposure to FFAs. Consistent with this, the relative degree of insulin resistance became more severe in mice lacking macrophage PPAR gamma following high-fat feeding, and these mice were only partially responsive to TZD treatment. These findings reveal an essential role of PPAR gamma in macrophages for the maintenance of whole-body insulin action and in mediating the antidiabetic actions of TZDs.
Metabolic engineering via the chloroplast genome (2007)

Plant metabolic engineering has the potential to provide for the needs of an expanding population. Environmentally benign biosyntheisis of novel materials and pharmaceu- tical proteins along with the opportunity to improve the productivity and nutritive value of crop plants has focused considerable effort towards the genetic manipulation of crop species. The most important output traits that could be conferred through biotech- nology often require the coordinated expression of several foreign genes. Conservative estimates predict some 3000 proteins are posttranslationally imported into plant plastids. Among them are the enzymes of various metabolic pathways such as those involved in the biosynthesis of the tocopherols (vitamin E) and carotenoids (vitamin A), branched chain and aromatic amino acids, and fatty acids. The ability of the chloroplast to integrate and express foreign sequences as operons makes this site an attractive alter- native for genetic manipulations. Multigene engineering, high levels of recombinant protein accumulation and the security of transgene containment due to maternal inher- itance of plastid genomes in most crop species are some of the features that contribute to the potential of the chloroplast system. Here we offer an overview of the funda- mental characteristics of plastid protein expression and consider some possible candidate genes for the improvement of crop species through metabolic engineering of pathways compartmentalized within plastids
Identification of Somatic Mutations in Parathyroid Tumors Using Whole-Exome Sequencing (2012)

This study confirms the frequent role of the loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 11 and MEN1 gene alterations in sporadic parathyroid adenomas and implicates a previously unassociated methyltransferase gene, EZH2, in endocrine tumorigenesis.
Narrow-gap single-pole heads (2002)

This work addresses the recording physics of narrow-gap single-pole heads (SPH) in perpendicular recording. It is found that narrow-gap SPHs have reduced sensitivity with respect to nonzero skew angles. It is shown that while the efficiency of a narrow-gap SPH is generally reduced, even for the case of a gapless SPH, the efficiency differs from the efficiency of a 1-/spl mu/m-thick gap SPH only by a factor of two. The design parameter space for a narrow-gap SPH is investigated.
On Spatial Reuse and Capture in Ad Hoc Networks (2008)

Neighbors of both the transmitter and the receiver must keep quiet in a 802.11 wireless network as it requires bidirectional exchange, i.e., nodes reverse their roles as transmitters and receivers, for transmitting a single DATA frame. To reduce role reversals and to improve spatial reuse, a piggybacked acknowledgment based approach has been proposed to enable concurrent transmissions. Recent findings on physical layer capture show that it is possible to capture a frame of interest in the presence of concurrent interference and that the SINR threshold is dependent on the relative order in which the frame and the interference arrive at the receiver. In this paper, we show that it is possible to exploit capture and increase concurrent transmissions in wireless adhoc networks. We develop a distributed channel access scheme and demonstrate that it offers significant throughput gain particularly at lower data rates.
Design of DWDD disk with groove recording for high density and wide recording power tolerance (2003)

We previously reported the performance of high density magneto-optical (MO) recording with NA 0.85 and blue laser using land/groove substrate (T. Miki et al, Proc. SPIE vol. 4342, pp. 220-227, 2002). In that report, we confirmed that the groove shape of the substrate improves the recording power tolerance using land/groove substrate. DWDD (domain wall displacement detection) MO (T. Shiratori et al, J. Magn. Soc. Jpn., vol. 22, supp. no. S2, pp. 47-50, 1988) is the most useful medium for achieving high linear density recording without using higher NA objective lenses. Land/groove recording using DWDD has already been reported (S. Kai et al, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. vol. 38, pp. 1768-1773, 1999; G. Fujita et al, Tech. Dig. ISOM '01, pp. 84-85, 2001; T. Sakamoto et al, Tech. Dig. ODS 2001, pp. 73-75, 2001). Securing a wide recording power tolerance is very important to realize a high density optical storage system. From this point of view, we investigated DWDD MO with groove recording using blue laser and NA 0.60 optics. We optimized DWDD media for groove recording and improved the groove shape of the substrate to obtain wider recording power tolerance at higher linear density.
Aggregation and immobilisation of membrane proteins interplay with local lipid order in the plasma membrane of T cells (2020)

Abstract The quest for understanding of numerous vital membrane-associated cellular processes, such as signalling, has largely focussed on the spatiotemporal orchestration and reorganisation of the identified key proteins, including their binding and aggregation. Despite strong indications of the involvement of membrane lipid heterogeneities, historically often termed lipid rafts, their roles in many processes remain controversial and mechanisms elusive. Taking activation of T lymphocytes as an example, we here investigate membrane properties around the key proteins – in particular the T cell receptor (TCR), its main kinase Lck, and phosphatase CD45. We determine their partitioning and co-localisation in passive cell-derived model membranes (i.e. giant plasma-membrane vesicles, GPMVs), and explore their mobility and local lipid order in live Jurkat T cells using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and spectral imaging with polarity-sensitive membrane probes. We find that upon aggregation and partial immobilisation, the TCR changes its preference towards more ordered lipid environments, which can in turn passively recruit Lck. We observe similar aggregation-induced local membrane ordering and recruitment of Lck also by CD45, as well as by a membrane protein of antigen-presenting cells, CD86, which is not supposed to interact with Lck directly. This highlights the involvement of lipid-mediated interactions and suggests that the cellular membrane is poised to modulate the frequency of protein encounters according to their aggregation state and alterations of their mobility, e.g. upon ligand binding.
MEMS (2016)

Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is an enabling technology for the Internet of Things (IoT) because MEMS manufacturing makes possible small, low-cost, high-performance sensors and actuators. This chapter discusses some of useful and valuable aspects of MEMS technology for the IoT. While human senses have evolved to be quite good at specific functional capabilities, they are very limited compared to MEMS sensor technologies. MEMS sensors can have sensitivities far higher than any human, or even some animals, thereby enabling the ability to detect far smaller levels of an olfactory parameter, or any other parameter, than otherwise would be possible. The chapter reviews some of the more widely known and commonly used MEMS fabrication processes. It highlights a small number of the most popular methods of micromachining. The diversity, economic importance, and extent of potential applications of MEMS for the implementation of the IoT make it the hallmark technology of the future.