gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Largest Cognitive Systems Will be Optoelectronic (2018)

Electrons and photons offer complimentary strengths for information processing. Photons are excellent for communication, while electrons are superior for computation and memory. Cognition requires distributed computation to be communicated across the system for information integration. We present reasoning from neuroscience, network theory, and device physics supporting the conjecture that large-scale cognitive systems will benefit from electronic devices performing synaptic, dendritic, and neuronal information processing operating in conjunction with photonic communication. On the chip scale, integrated dielectric waveguides enable fan-out to thousands of connections. On the system scale, fiber and free-space optics can be employed. The largest cognitive systems will be limited by the distance light can travel during the period of a network oscillation. We calculate that optoelectronic networks the area of a large data center (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) will be capable of system-wide information integration at 1 MHz. At frequencies of cortex-wide integration in the human brain (4 Hz, theta band), optoelectronic systems could integrate information across the surface of the earth.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt Lithium Orthoborate, LiCoBO3. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells control dendritic cells in inducing antigen-specific immunity to emerging SARS-CoV-2 antigens (2021)

Regulatory T (Treg) cells, which constitute about 5-10% of CD4+T cells expressing Foxp3 transcription factor and CD25(IL-2 receptor α chain), are key regulators in controlling immunological self-tolerance and various immune responses. However, how Treg cells control antigen-specific immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of transient breakdown of the immunological tolerance induced by Treg-cell depletion on adaptive immune responses against administered SARS-CoV-2 antigen, spike protein 1 (S1). Notably, without the use of adjuvants, transient Treg-cell depletion in mice induced anti-S1 antibodies that neutralized authentic SARS-CoV-2, follicular helper T cell formation and S1-binding germinal center B cell responses, but prevented the onset of developing autoimmune diseases. To further clarify the mechanisms, we investigated maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), which is essential to initiate antigen-specific immunity. We found that the transient Treg-cell depletion resulted in maturation of both migratory and resident DCs in draining lymph nodes that captured S1-antigen. Moreover, we observed S1-specific CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells with interferon-γ production. Thus, captured S1 was successfully presented by DCs, including cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells. These data indicate that transient Treg-cell depletion in the absence of adjuvants induces maturation of antigen-presenting DCs and succeeds in generating antigen-specific humoral and cellular immunity against emerging SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Finally, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific immune responses induced by transient Treg-cell depletion in the absence of adjuvants were compatible with those induced with an effective adjuvant, polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidyl acid (poly IC) and that the combination of transient Treg-cell depletion with poly IC induced potent responses. These findings highlight the capacity for manipulating Treg cells to induce protective adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 with activating antigen-presenting DCs, which may improve the efficacy of ongoing vaccine therapies and help enhance responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor ameliorates DSS-induced experimental colitis (2007)

GM-CSF is effective in the treatment of DSS colitis in a mechanism involving the 440c(+) pDC population.
Moving Steganography and Steganalysis from the Laboratory into the Real World (2013)

There has been an explosion of academic literature on steganography and steganalysis in the past two decades. With a few exceptions, such papers address abstractions of the hiding and detection problems, which arguably have become disconnected from the real world. Most published results, including by the authors of this paper, apply “in laboratory conditions ” and some are heavily hedged by assumptions and caveats; significant challenges remain unsolved in order to implement good steganography and steganalysis in practice. This position paper sets out some of the important questions which have been left unanswered, as well as highlighting some that have already been addressed successfully, for steganography and steganalysis to be used in the real world.
D3. Optical coupling of cylindrical micromirrors in micro-optical benches (2015)

Free-space optical coupling is a critical performance feature in micro-optical benches, where coupling elements are designed to mitigate optical beam divergence phenomena associated with Gaussian beam propagation and to achieve phase/mode matching. In this paper, the free-space coupling of Gaussian beams using cylindrical micromirrors is analyzed. The treatment accounts for the non-idealities including limited mirror aperture and radius of curvature, surface roughness and misalignment between the mirror axis and the optical beam axis. The coupling efficiency is calculated based on the overlap integral and the ABCD transfer matrix. The analysis can treat astigmatic as well as simple stigmatic Gaussian beams. Throughout the whole of our analysis, parameter normalization is used such that our findings are independent of the specific values of the operating wavelength and the Gaussian beam parameters. The analysis is verified with optical measurements on micromachined cylindrical mirrors with radii of curvature of 50 µm and 300 µm.
Synthetic Workload Generation for Cloud Computing Applications (2011)

We present techniques for characterization, modeling and generation of workloads for cloud computing applications. Methods for capturing the workloads of cloud computing applications in two different models - benchmark application and workload models are described. We give the design and implementation of a synthetic workload generator that accepts the benchmark and workload model specifications generated by the characterization and modeling of workloads of cloud computing applications. We propose the Georgia Tech Cloud Workload Specification Language (GT-CWSL) that provides a structured way for specification of application workloads. The GT-CWSL combines the specifications of benchmark and workload models to create workload specifications that are used by a synthetic workload generator to generate synthetic workloads for performance evaluation of cloud computing applications.
Genome-wide meta-analysis uncovers novel loci influencing circulating leptin levels (2016)

Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone, the circulating levels of which correlate closely with overall adiposity. Although rare mutations in the leptin (LEP) gene are well known to cause leptin deficiency and severe obesity, no common loci regulating circulating leptin levels have been uncovered. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating leptin levels from 32,161 individuals and followed up loci reaching P<10(-6) in 19,979 additional individuals. We identify five loci robustly associated (P<5 × 10(-8)) with leptin levels in/near LEP, SLC32A1, GCKR, CCNL1 and FTO. Although the association of the FTO obesity locus with leptin levels is abolished by adjustment for BMI, associations of the four other loci are independent of adiposity. The GCKR locus was found associated with multiple metabolic traits in previous GWAS and the CCNL1 locus with birth weight. Knockdown experiments in mouse adipose tissue explants show convincing evidence for adipogenin, a regulator of adipocyte differentiation, as the novel causal gene in the SLC32A1 locus influencing leptin levels. Our findings provide novel insights into the regulation of leptin production by adipose tissue and open new avenues for examining the influence of variation in leptin levels on adiposity and metabolic health.
On the Narrowband Interference Cancellation Scheme in OFDM Communication Systems in Frequency Selective Fading Channels (2016)

A common impairment in both wireless and wireline orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) schemes is narrowband interference (NBI). NBI has the detrimental effect of making the tones on which the NBI falls and in some cases neighboring tones unusable, thus reducing the effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the system. Some examples of mechanisms that generate NBI are switched mode power supplies and legacy communication systems [1]. Recently, a novel method for minimizing the SNR degradation due to NBI was proposed in [2], [3] which required knowledge of only the NBI frequencies. The method notches only one tone per interferer. In this paper, we analyze how the above algorithm performs in frequency selective channels. Theoretical SNR bounds are derived as a function of the number of interferers, channel gains and noise power and validated via numerical simulations. The bounds show that under the assumption of an idealized front-end and ideal NBI frequency estimation, the performance of the algorithm does not depend on the NBI power or phase. A sensitivity analysis of the algorithm due to NBI frequency estimation errors is also performed and the theoretical results are validated via numerical simulations.
Basic Science of Ligament Healing (2005)

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is one of the most extensively studied ligaments in our literature. This is due to the fact that it is the most commonly injured ligament of the knee and it is easily defined and mechanically studied in animal models. The purpose of this article is to (1) review the MCL' s response to injury, (2) evaluate the ligament's injury variables, and (3) take an in depth look at treatment options including past, present, and future.
IgG and IgA Subclass Distribution of Total Immunoglobulin and Rheumatoid Factors in Rheumatoid Tissue Plasma Cells (1990)

The subclass distribution of IgG and IgA plasma cells, and in IgG and IgA rheumatoid factor (RF) producing cells was studied in sections of synovial tissue from seropositive RA and various types of seronegative arthritis, including ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and Reiter's syndrome. The study was performed with immunofluorescence technique and monoclonal IgG and IgA subclass specific antibodies. IgG RF producing cells were identified by their ability to bind and activate factors both in the early (C3) and late (C5b-9) part of the complement cascade. IgA RF cells were identified by double staining experiments with heat-aggregated IgG and monoclonal antibodies to IgA subclasses. In 23 tissues tested for total IgG, IgG1 cells were usually predominant, while the frequency of IgG3 cells was usually higher than that of IgG2. In 19 tissues also tested for IgA, both IgA subclasses were present in all tissues. IgA1 plasma cells were always predominant, with a mean ratio of IgA1 to IgA2 cells of approximately 10. In the 13 tissues tested for RF-producing cells, the highest frequency of IgG RF cells was found among the IgG3 cells, followed by IgG1 and IgG2. IgA RF cells were found in only one case, all cells being IgA1.
Glass Transition and Aging in Dense Suspensions of Thermosensitive Microgel Particles (2008)

We report a thermosensitive microgel suspension that can be tuned reversibly between the glass state at low temperature and the liquid state at high temperature. Unlike hard spheres, we find that the glass transition for these suspensions is governed by both the volume fraction and the softness of the particles, where softer suspensions form a glass at higher effective volume fractions. In the glass state, these suspensions show aging where the relaxation times increase linearly with age, irrespective of the degree of particle softness. This relaxation scaling is in contrast with hard sphere behavior but consistent with the soft glassy rheology model.
Macromol. React. Eng. 2/2020 (2020)

Front Cover: Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid) nanoparticles loaded with clioquinol are produced through in-situ miniemulsion polymerizations and functionalized with a cell-penetrating trans-activating transcriptor peptide. Spherical particles are produced, whereas the clioquinol encapsulation efficiency is equal to 97%, with release of 50% of the initial load of clioquinol in 9 h.
Co-Optimizing Allocation of Nyquist Superchannels and Physical Impairments Aware Placement of Regenerators in Elastic WDM Networks (2014)

Within the frame of the WDM networks, this paper articulates and validates the benefits of elastic spectral efficiency relying upon Nyquist superchannel, assuming static or incremental traffic and optimization of the superchannel filling ratio by means of electronic intermediate traffic grooming. This assessment is reported in terms of total accepted network capacity, average number of transponders per Gb/s transmitted, and mean number of regenerators traversed per Gb/s transported. This analysis points out why these two latter parameters differ when using adaptive bit rate interfaces. It also investigates how these outcomes depend on: (i) restriction about the regeneration, (ii) forward error correction coding, (iii) practical constraints on the spectral alignment of the subcarriers within the superchannels, and (iv) uncertain knowledge of the physical network parameters. This study highlights under which conditions the elasticity of the subcarrier modulation scheme effectively complements flexible subcarrier spacing. It proposes a particular placement of regenerators keeping substantial gain of network capacity even in the case of incremental traffic that may challenge profitable allocation of elastic superchannel.
Riser-Relief Valve Dynamic Interactions (Extension to a Previous Model) (1998)

Further investigation of the dynamic stability behavior of a typical pilot-operated relief valve is reported. The present study is an extension to Botros et al. (1997) model, which includes mapping of the oscillating frequencies and amplitudes with riser dimensionless length L/D; inclusion of the effects of a wedge-O-ring seal in the model; detailed analyses of the field tests revealing unknown values for model parameters. These model refinements resulted in a better agreement between simulation results and field measurements. Analysis of piston oscillation frequencies and amplitudes indicates that the piston oscillation frequency mirrors the riser’s one-quarter-wave resonance frequency for lower values of L/D. At L/D = 20 and higher, two modes of oscillations started to emerge with two distinct frequencies. Maximum oscillation amplitudes occurred at L/D corresponding to one-quarter wave. Wedge-O-ring seal mechanism helps in suppressing piston oscillations; but it must be used in conjunction with a proper lubricant, otherwise the piston may jam partway during the upward stroke.
Knowledge-augmented Deep Learning and Its Applications: A Survey (2022)

Deep learning models, though having achieved great success in many different fields over the past years, are usually data hungry, fail to perform well on unseen samples, and lack of interpretability. Various prior knowledge often exists in the target domain and their use can alleviate the deficiencies with deep learning. To better mimic the behavior of human brains, different advanced methods have been proposed to identify domain knowledge and integrate it into deep models for data-efficient, generalizable, and interpretable deep learning, which we refer to as knowledge-augmented deep learning (KADL). In this survey, we define the concept of KADL, and introduce its three major tasks, i.e., knowledge identification, knowledge representation, and knowledge integration. Different from existing surveys that are focused on a specific type of knowledge, we provide a broad and complete taxonomy of domain knowledge and its representations. Based on our taxonomy, we provide a systematic review of existing techniques, different from existing works that survey integration approaches agnostic to taxonomy of knowledge. This survey subsumes existing works and offers a bird's-eye view of research in the general area of knowledge-augmented deep learning. The thorough and critical reviews of numerous papers help not only understand current progresses but also identify future directions for the research on knowledge-augmented deep learning.
Pyroelectricity in 1–3 PZT/Polymer composites (1986)

Abstract Measurements of the pyroelectric coefficients ([pbar]) and the pyroelectric figures of merit ([pbar]/) for PZT/polymer composites consisting of slender PZT rods embedded in various polymer matrices have been made. The pyroelectric response was found to decrease with increasing temperature as qualitatively predicted by theory. At room temperature, the absolute values of [pbar]/ for most composites were lower than that of PZT, while at higher temperatures modest enhancement of [pbar]/ was observed. The effects of mechanical coupling between the polymer and PZT on the composite pyroelectric properties are discussed.
Nonaqueous liquid electrolyte (2023)

Disclosed is a nonaqueous and nonvolatile liquid type polymeric electrolyte comprising poly(siloxane-g-ethylene oxide). This electrolyte provides significant safety and stability. The present invention solves the problems of volatility, flammability and chemical reactivity of lithium ion type electrolytes. The disclosed electrolyte exhibits excellent stability, conductivity and low impedance characteristics. The electrolyte comprises a new class of structural siloxane polymers with one or more poly(ethylene oxide) side chains. The inorganic siloxanes comprising the main backbone of the copolymers are thermally very stable and resistant to decomposition by heat. Because the main chain of the disclosed class of electrolytes is an Si--O linkage, initiation of the combustion cycle is inhibited or prevented.
Key aurophilic motif for robust quantum-tunneling-based characterization of a nucleoside analogue marker (2020)

A quantum sequencer offers a scalable electrical platform for single-molecule analysis of genomic events. A thymidine (dT) analog exhibiting uniquely high single-molecule conductance is a key element in capturing DNA synthesis dynamics by serving as a decodable marker for enzymatic labeling of nascent strands. However, the current design strategies of dT analogs that focus on their molecular orbital energy levels require bulky chemical modifications to extend the π-conjugation, which hinders polymerase recognition. We report herein a polymerase-compatible dT analog that is highly identifiable in quantum sequencing. An ethynyl group is introduced as a small gold-binding motif to differentiate the nucleobase-gold electronic coupling, which has been an overlooked factor in modifying nucleobase conductance. The resulting C5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine exhibits characteristic signal profiles that allowed its correct identification at a 93% rate while maintaining polymerase compatibility. This study would expand the applicability of quantum sequencing by demonstrating a robust nucleoside marker with high identifiability.
Keeping Flexible Active Contours on Track using Metropolis Updates (2000)

Condensation, a form of likelihood-weighted particle filtering, has been successfully used to infer the shapes of highly constrained &amp;quot;active&amp;quot; contours in video sequences. However, when the contours are highly flexible (e.g. for tracking fingers of a hand), a computationally burdensome number of particles is needed to successfully approximate the contour distribution. We show how the Metropolis algorithm can be used to update a particle set representing a distribution over contours at each frame in a video sequence. We compare this method to condensation using a video sequence that requires highly flexible contours, and show that the new algorithm performs dramatically better that the condensation algorithm. We discuss the incorporation of this method into the &amp;quot;active contour&amp;quot; framework where a shape-subspace is used constrain shape variation. 1
Electromagnetic vibration and noise assessment for surface mounted PM machines (2001)

Analysis of electromagnetic vibration and acoustic noise assessment and methods to minimize resultant sound power level for low noise motor design is presented in this paper. The linear model of the exciting force wave is derived to evaluate the exciting force and to optimize the design of stator winding, rotor PM shape and rotor PM skew angle for minimization of sound power level for low noise motor design. Mode number and frequency of the exciting force wave, natural vibration frequency, maximum vibration velocity and maximum vibration displacement of main vibration source are introduced to evaluate machine vibration. Resultant sound power levels for the cylindrical sound wave and the plane sound wave models are introduced to analyze the acoustic noise assessment of both axial and radial flux PM machines respectively. Finally, electromagnetic vibration and acoustic noise assessment of both radial and axial flux surface mounted motor structures are completed and illustrated in the paper.
Genotoxic mode of action predictions from a multiplexed flow cytometric assay and a machine learning approach (2016)

Several endpoints associated with cellular responses to DNA damage as well as overt cytotoxicity were multiplexed into a miniaturized, "add and read" type flow cytometric assay. Reagents included a detergent to liberate nuclei, RNase and propidium iodide to serve as a pan-DNA dye, fluorescent antibodies against γH2AX, phospho-histone H3, and p53, and fluorescent microspheres for absolute nuclei counts. The assay was applied to TK6 cells and 67 diverse reference chemicals that served as a training set. Exposure was for 24 hrs in 96-well plates, and unless precipitation or foreknowledge about cytotoxicity suggested otherwise, the highest concentration was 1 mM. At 4- and 24-hrs aliquots were removed and added to microtiter plates containing the reagent mix. Following a brief incubation period robotic sampling facilitated walk-away data acquisition. Univariate analyses identified biomarkers and time points that were valuable for classifying agents into one of three groups: clastogenic, aneugenic, or non-genotoxic. These mode of action predictions were optimized with a forward-stepping process that considered Wald test p-values, receiver operator characteristic curves, and pseudo R(2) values, among others. A particularly high performing multinomial logistic regression model was comprised of four factors: 4 hr γH2AX and phospho-histone H3 values, and 24 hr p53 and polyploidy values. For the training set chemicals, the four-factor model resulted in 94% concordance with our a priori classifications. Cross validation occurred via a leave-one-out approach, and in this case 91% concordance was observed. A test set of 17 chemicals that were not used to construct the model were evaluated, some of which utilized a short-term treatment in the presence of a metabolic activation system, and in 16 cases mode of action was correctly predicted. These initial results are encouraging as they suggest a machine learning strategy can be used to rapidly and reliably predict new chemicals' genotoxic mode of action based on data from an efficient and highly scalable multiplexed assay.