gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of occupational exposure to static magnetic field in MRI sites based on body pose estimation and SMF analytical computation (2018)

This paper tackles the problem of estimating exposure to static magnetic field (SMF) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sites using a non-invasive approach. The proposed approach relies on a vision-based system to detect people's body parts and on a mathematical model to compute SMF exposure. A multi-view camera system was used to capture the MRI room, and a vision-based system was applied to detect body parts. The detected localization was then fed into a mathematical model to compute SMF exposure. In this study, we focused on exposure at the neck due to two main reasons. First, according to regulations, the limit of exposure at head and trunk for MR workers is higher than that for the general public. Second, it was easier to attach a dosimeter at the neck to perform measurements, which allowed a quantitative evaluation of our approach. This approach was applied to two scenarios simulating the daily movements of medical workers for which dosimeter measurements were also recorded. The results indicated that the proposed approach predicted occupational SMF exposure with reasonable accuracy compared with the dosimeter measurements. The proposed approach is a simple safe working procedure to estimate the exposure of MR workers at different parts of the body without wearing any marker detection. It can be applied to reduce occupational SMF exposure, without changes in workers' performances. For that reason, our non-invasive proposed method can be used as a simple safety tool to estimate occupational SMF exposure in MR sites. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:503-515, 2018.© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A 300 000-r/min Magnetically Levitated Reaction Wheel Demonstrator (2018)

Magnetic bearings can be used in reaction wheel systems to avoid several drawbacks of ball bearings, such as limited lifetime due to mechanical friction and lubricant monitoring/sealing requirements. Therefore, this letter discusses an electrical machine topology with integrated reaction wheel and magnetic bearings. The slotless/ironless structure, together with a new electromagnetic arrangement resulting in a shorter rotor than in earlier works, enables efficient operation at very high speeds, which in turn enables the miniaturization of the system. Measurements taken on a demonstrator prototype at 300 000 r/min show a significant increase of the feasible operational speed range compared to the state-of-the-art reaction wheels for small satellites, which typically run below 10 000 r/min.
Abstract 2876: A novel multi-parametric assay of cell death pathways: Autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis (2011)

Abstract Cell death can be classified into a number of types including apoptotic, autophagic, necrotic and others. The hallmarks of apoptotic cell death include exposure of phosphatidyl serine on the extracellular face of the plasma membrane, activation of caspases, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, cell shrinkage, DNA fragmentation and DNA condensation. Necrotic cell death is characterized by cell swelling, as well as destruction of the plasma membrane and subcellular organelles, without nuclear fragmentation and condensation. Autophagic cell death is a degradative process involving sequestration of cellular components in double-membrane vesicles that fuse with lysosomes to form the autophagolysosomes. Autophagy is a survival strategy in situations of stress, but can also lead to non-apoptotic cell death. Due to the overall complexity of the cited death pathways, a sensitive assay capable of distinguishing between autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis is fundamental to further understanding of these pathophysiological processes. Thus, a three-parameter cell-based assay was developed utilizing a green-emitting fluorophore to highlight the various vacuolar components of the autophagy pathway, a violet-excitable fluorophore conjugate of annexin V to measure phosphatidyl serine exposure in early stage apoptosis, and a cell-impermeable red fluorescent DNA intercalation dye to measure membrane disintegration in late-stage apoptosis/necrosis. The assay was validated using a range of conditions known to modulate autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis pathways. The assay provides a rapid, information-rich read-out of the various cell death pathways by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and should facilitate better drug activity profiling and clearer kinetic analysis of these fundamental processes in living cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2876. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2876
Molecular Decoy to the Y-Box Binding Protein-1 Suppresses the Growth of Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells whilst Sparing Normal Cell Viability (2010)

The Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) is an oncogenic transcription/translation factor that is activated by phosphorylation at S102 whereby it induces the expression of growth promoting genes such as EGFR and HER-2. We recently illustrated by an in vitro kinase assay that a novel peptide to YB-1 was highly phosphorylated by the serine/threonine p90 S6 kinases RSK-1 and RSK-2, and to a lesser degree PKCα and AKT. Herein, we sought to develop this decoy cell permeable peptide (CPP) as a cancer therapeutic. This 9-mer was designed as an interference peptide that would prevent endogenous YB-1(S102) phosphorylation based on molecular docking. In cancer cells, the CPP blocked P-YB-1(S102) and down-regulated both HER-2 and EGFR transcript level and protein expression. Further, the CPP prevented YB-1 from binding to the EGFR promoter in a gel shift assay. Notably, the growth of breast (SUM149, MDA-MB-453, AU565) and prostate (PC3, LNCap) cancer cells was inhibited by ∼90% with the CPP. Further, treatment with this peptide enhanced sensitivity and overcame resistance to trastuzumab in cells expressing amplified HER-2. By contrast, the CPP had no inhibitory effect on the growth of normal immortalized breast epithelial (184htert) cells, primary breast epithelial cells, nor did it inhibit differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors. These data collectively suggest that the CPP is a novel approach to suppressing the growth of cancer cells while sparing normal cells and thereby establishes a proof-of-concept that blocking YB-1 activation is a new course of cancer therapeutics.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE DES BIOLOGISCH AKTIVEN UNDECAPEPTIDS SUBSTANZ P NACH DER FLUESSIG‐PHASEN‐METHODE (LPM) (1974)

Abstract Die Titelsubstanz (I) wurde mit Hilfe der neuentwickelten LPM (Aufbau von Peptiden an solubilisierenden Polymeren in homogener Phase) synthetisiert.
Standard on Microbiological Management of Fluids for Hemodialysis and Related Therapies by the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy 2008 (2009)

The Committee of Scientific Academy of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) proposes a new standard on microbiological management of fluids for hemodialysis and related therapies. This standard is within the scope of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which is currently under revision. This standard is to be applied to the central dialysis fluid delivery systems (CDDS), which are widely used in Japan. In this standard, microbiological qualities for dialysis water and dialysis fluids are clearly defined by endotoxin level and bacterial count. The qualities of dialysis fluids were classified into three levels: standard, ultrapure, and online prepared substitution fluid. In addition, the therapeutic application of each dialysis fluid is clarified. Since high-performance dialyzers are frequently used in Japan, the standard recommends that ultrapure dialysis fluid be used for all dialysis modalities at all dialysis facilities. It also recommends that the dialysis equipment safety management committee at each facility should validate the microbiological qualities of online prepared substitution fluid.
Integral Membrane Proteins in Nanodiscs Can Be Studied by Solution NMR Spectroscopy (2009)

We present a two-dimensional solution NMR spectrum of an integral membrane protein (IMP) in a nanodisc. Solution NMR relies on rapid isotropic tumbling of the analyte with correlation times in the nanosecond range. IMPs in a cellular membrane do not satisfy this condition. Previous liquid-state NMR studies on IMPs were conducted in organic solvent or artificial membrane mimicking particles like detergent micelles. Nanodiscs are relatively small (150 kDa), detergent-free model membranes that are suitable for functional reconstitution of IMPs. Nanodiscs allow solubilization of integral membrane proteins in a nearly native lipid bilayer environment. The 70 residue polypeptide CD4mut was incorporated into nanodiscs. CD4mut features one transmembrane helix. The aliphatic (1)H-(13)C HSQC spectrum of nanodiscs with inserted, ((13)C, (15)N)-labeled CD4mut exhibits reasonably dispersed protein and lipid NMR signals. Our results demonstrate that IMPs in nanodiscs are amenable to liquid-state NMR methodology.
New Synthons for the Preparation of Arylimidazolines and Tetrahydropyrimidine Analogues (2007)

An adaptation of the Fujioka method for the efficient synthesis of arylimidazolines from aryl aldehydes was used for the synthesis of aryltetrahydropyrimidines. tert-Butoxycarbonyl-protected bromo- or iodophenyl-substituted imidazolines and tetrahydropyrimidines both undergo Suzuki coupling reactions with arylboronic acids in good yields.
Manipulating single photons from disparate quantum sources to be indistinguishable [Invited] (2012)

Quantum information networks will likely require different quantum systems for different functionality within the network. Indistinguishable photons can be used to interconnect these different subsystems. We discuss methods for coherently manipulating the single photons from different quantum systems and experimentally demonstrate spatial, temporal, and frequency matching of single photons using quantum dot and heralded parametric downconversion single photons. The bosonic nature of light insures that when two indistinguishable photons are superimposed on a beam splitter, they will form a single two-photon state, a process we call coalescence. This coalescence property can be used as both a fundamental test of indistinguishability and in quantum networks&#x2014;connecting and propagating quantum information.
Synthesis of MK-8141 (2011)

MK-8141 inhibits renin, an aspartyl protease that is targeted for the regulation of high blood pressure and heart failure. The synthesis of MK-8141 features a diastereoselective Dieckmann cyclization of the diester C to give the 3,9-diazabicyclo-[3.3.1]nonenes D and E (1:8.5).
The Theory of the Moir Phenomenon: Volume I: Periodic Layers (2009)

This book presents the most comprehensive and methodical work on the theory of the moir phenomenon, providing a full general-purpose and application-independent exposition of this fascinating effect. Based on the Fourier theory, it leads the reader through the various phenomena which occur in the superposition of repetitive layers, both in the image and in the spectral domains. The first chapters of the book present the basic theory, covering the superposition of monochrome, periodic layers. In later chapters, the theory is extended to the even more interesting cases of polychromatic moirs and moirs between repetitive, non-periodic layers. Throughout the whole text the book favours a pictorial, intuitive approach, which is supported by mathematics, and the discussion is accompanied by a large number of figures and illustrative examples. The prerequisite mathematical background is limited to an elementary familiarity with the Fourier theory.
Erlotinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Interim safety analysis of the TRUST study (2007)

7645 Background: In patients (pts) with relapsed NSCLC, erlotinib 150 mg/d significantly prolonged survival, delayed symptom progression, and improved quality of life versus placebo (Shepherd et al, N Engl J Med 2005;353:123–32). TRUST is an open label, non- randomized trial initiated to provide erlotinib access to pts with advanced NSCLC. Methods: Eligible pts had stage IIIb/IV NSCLC, and had failed or were unsuitable for chemotherapy. Erlotinib (150 mg/d p.o.) was given until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Pts were monitored monthly. Results: In November 2006, data were available for 5,015 pts (ITT population) from 51 countries. Median age was 63y (range 19–95). Pt characteristics (%) were: male/female 62/38; Caucasian/Oriental/other 76/19/5; non-smoker/ex- or current-smoker 28/71 (no data 1); ECOG PS 0/1/2/3 21/53/20/6; adenocarcinoma/squamous cell/other 53/25/21; stage IIIb/IV 22/78; erlotinib 1st/2nd/3rd-line/other 14/48/37/1. Safety data were available for 4,423 pts, 55% of whom had at least one adverse event (AE). Only 5% had one or more erlotinib- related serious AEs, the most common being gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (86 pts; 63 grade [gr] 3/4). 6% of pts discontinued treatment due to erlotinib-related AEs: GI disorders in 96 pts (54 gr 3/4), skin disorders in 92 (50 gr 3/4). Unexpected erlotinib-related AEs occurred in 10% of pts (4% gr 1, 3% gr 2, 3% gr 3/4). As expected, rash was observed in 70% of pts, with the majority (84%) being of gr 1/2. 80% pts received &gt;4 weeks of erlotinib. Among 4,405 pts, only 14% had dose reductions, mainly due to rash (83%) and diarrhea (21%). Similar safety results were seen for 2nd-line pts only. Efficacy for all and 2nd-line pts will be presented. Conclusions: These results, achieved through routine clinical use of erlotinib in unselected pts with advanced NSCLC, confirm the favorable tolerability profile seen with erlotinib in selected patients in the clinical trial setting. [Table: see text]
Gradient recording in practice: A comparative field trial of a 5C land seismic gradient sensor (2019)

We cover the latest field trials of a new 5C land seismic gradient sensor – a novel compact device for measuring particle motion and rotation components of the seismic wavefield. The purpose of this new land seismic gradient sensor is to measure the ground roll sufficiently accurately to allow attenuating spatially aliased ground roll in seismic data. The sensor was developed using existing seismic Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometers that allow for a cost-effective and robust seismic gradient sensor. We discuss the design specifications and validate a prototype sensor through analyzing a series of field tests. Presentation Date: Tuesday, September 17, 2019 Session Start Time: 1:50 PM Presentation Time: 2:15 PM Location: 221A Presentation Type: Oral
Structure−Activity Relationships of Uridine 5‘-Diphosphate Analogues at the Human P2Y 6 Receptor (2020)

The structure activity relationships and molecular modeling of the uracil nucleotide-activated P2Y6 receptor have been studied. A series of UDP analogues bearing substitutions of the ribose moiety, the uracil ring, and the diphosphate group was synthesized and assayed for activity at the human P2Y6 receptor. The uracil ring was modified at the 4-position, with the synthesis of 4-substituted-thiouridine-5′-diphosphate analogues, as well as at positions 3 and 5. The effect of modifications at the level of the phosphate chain was studied by preparing a cyclic 3′,5′-diphosphate analogue, a 3′-diphosphate analogue and several dinucleotide diphosphates. 5-Iodo-UDP 32 (EC50 0.15 μM) was equipotent to UDP, while substitutions of the 2′-hydroxyl (amino, azido) greatly reduce potency. 2- and 4-Thio analogues, 20 and 21, respectively, were also relatively potent in comparison to UDP. However, most other modifications greatly reduced potency. Molecular modeling indicates that the β-phosphate of 5′-UDP and analogs is essential for the establishment of electrostatic interactions with two of the three conserved cationic residues of the receptor. Among 4-thioether derivatives, a 4-ethylthio analogue 23 displayed an EC50 of 0.28 μM, indicative of favorable interactions predicted for a small 4-alkylthio moiety with the aromatic ring of Y33 in TM1. The activity of analogue 19 in which the ribose was substituted with a 2-oxabicyclohexane ring in a rigid (S) conformation (P= 126°, 1′-exo) was consistent with molecular modeling. These results provide a better understanding of molecular recognition at the P2Y6 receptor and will be helpful in designing selective and potent P2Y6 receptor ligands
53‐2: Composite Films with Ultra‐Thin Glass and Polymer for Novel Optically Functional Films (2020)

We have developed a mass‐production technology for laminating an ultra‐thin glass and a polymer film. The resulting composite film possesses unique features that neither the ultra‐thin glass nor the polymer can achieve alone. With our technology, the composite film can be wound up 1,000 m by a roll‐to‐roll process.
Operationally enhanced folded hypercubes (1994)

Recently, several variations of the hypercube have been proposed to enhance its performance and reliability. The folded hypercube is one of these variations, in which an extra link is added to each node providing a direct connection to the node located farthest from it. In this paper, we propose a new operation mode of the folded hypercube to enhance its performance and fault-tolerance. There are (/sub ksup n+1/) regular k-cubes within a folded hypercube of dimension n, denoted by FQ/sub n/. We introduce another type of hypercube, called the twisted hypercube, to improve the performance and fault tolerance of the folded hypercube. The problems of finding a subcube of given size in an FQ/sub n/ and routing messages within the subcube are addressed for the proposed operation mode. The advantages of the proposed operation mode over the regular-hypercube operation mode are analyzed in terms of dependability and robustness. The proposed operation mode is shown to make significant improvements over the regular-hypercube operation mode in both dependability and robustness. Because the new operation mode can be applied to only an (n-1)-subcube level for a given FQ/sub n/, we present general form of folded hypercube, thus enhancing the availability of subcubes of any dimension m<n.<<ETX>>
Nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging (2009)

We have combined ultrasensitive magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) with 3D image reconstruction to achieve magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with resolution <10 nm. The image reconstruction converts measured magnetic force data into a 3D map of nuclear spin density, taking advantage of the unique characteristics of the "resonant slice" that is projected outward from a nanoscale magnetic tip. The basic principles are demonstrated by imaging the (1)H spin density within individual tobacco mosaic virus particles sitting on a nanometer-thick layer of adsorbed hydrocarbons. This result, which represents a 100 million-fold improvement in volume resolution over conventional MRI, demonstrates the potential of MRFM as a tool for 3D, elementally selective imaging on the nanometer scale.
Evidence of Two Distinct Subsubtypes within the HIV-1 Subtype A Radiation (2001)

Members of HIV-1 group M are responsible for the vast majority of AIDS cases worldwide and have been classified on the basis of their phylogenetic relationships into nine roughly equidistant clades, termed subtypes. Although there are no known phenotypic correlates for these genotypes, the disproportionate spread of certain of these lineages has been taken to indicate that subtype-specific biological differences may exist. The subtype nomenclature thus remains an important molecular epidemiological tool with which to track the course of the group M pandemic. In this study, we have characterized HIV-1 strains described previously as unusual subtype A variants on the basis of partial sequence analysis. Six such strains from Cyprus (CY), South Korea (KR), and the Democratic Republic of Congo (CD) were PCR amplified from infected cell culture or patient PBMC DNA, cloned, and sequences in their entirety (94CY017, 97KR004, 97CDKTB48, and 97CDKP58) or as half genomes (97CDKS10 and 97CDKFE4). Distance and phylogenetic analyses showed that four of these viruses (94CY017, 97CDKTB48, 97CDKFE4, and 97CDKS10) were closely related to each other, but quite divergent from all other HIV-1 strains, except for subtype A viruses, which represented their closest relatives. In phylogenetic trees from gag, pol, env, and nef regions, the four newly characterized HIV-1 strains formed a distinct sister clade to subtype A, which was as closely related to subtype A as subsubtypes F1 and F2 are to each other. According to current nomenclature rules, this defines a subsubtype, which we have tentatively termed A2. The two other viruses, 97KR004 and 97CDKP58, as well as a full-length HIV-1 sequence from the sequence database (ZAM184), were found to represent complex A2/D, A2/G, and A2/C recombinants, respectively. These results indicate that HIV-1 subtype A is composed of two subsubtypes (A1 and A2), both of which appear to have a widespread geographic distribution. The A2 viruses described here represent the first reference reagents for this new group M lineage.
Simulation of Cu bulge-out by cyclic Cu surface diffusion FEM in Cu/SiCN hybrid bonding (2023)

Elastic strain energy density (ESED) driven surface self-diffusion was previously identified as the mechanism underlying the Cu bulge-out phenomenon in wafer-to-wafer (W2W) hybrid bonding structures with unequal sized pads. Being able to predict the Cu bulge-out allows widening the CMP process window and increasing the yield. In this paper, an iterative finite element method (FEM) model is developed to track the evolution of ESED on the Cu pad surface and the corresponding Cu surface diffusion flow to predict the Cu bulge-out.
CO and H2 Sensing Properties of Proton-Conductor Sensor Using Pt-Loaded Oxide Electrodes (1989)

Abstract An amperometric proton-conductor sensor was newly developed for the selective detection of CO at room temperature by using a couple of Pt-loaded oxide (SnO2 and WO3) electrodes. The CO sensitivity of the sensor element was about 7 times higher than the H2 sensitivity and the 90% response time was about 3 min. The selective detection of H2 was possible when a Pt-black electrode was combined with a Pt-loaded WO3 electrode.
Two-Year Follow-Up and Remodeling Kinetics of ChonDux Hydrogel for Full-Thickness Cartilage Defect Repair in the Knee (2018)

ChonDux treatment is a safe adjunct to microfracture therapy and promotes stable restoration of full thickness articular cartilage defects for at least 24 months.