gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Administration of Myelin Basic Protein Peptides Encapsulated in Mannosylated Liposomes Normalizes Level of Serum TNF-αand IL-2 and Chemoattractants CCL2 and CCL4 in Multiple Sclerosis Patients (2016)

We have previously shown that immunodominant MBP peptides encapsulated in mannosylated liposomes (Xemys) effectively suppressed experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Within the frames of the successfully completed phase I clinical trial, we investigated changes in the serum cytokine profile after Xemys administration in MS patients. We observed a statistically significant decrease of MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1β/CCL4, IL-7, and IL-2 at the time of study completion. In contrast, the serum levels of TNF-α were remarkably elevated. Our data suggest that the administration of Xemys leads to a normalization of cytokine status in MS patients to values commonly reported for healthy subjects. These data are an important contribution for the upcoming Xemys clinical trials.
Supplementary Materials from Paclitaxel-resistant cells have a mutation in the paclitaxel-binding region of β-tubulin (Asp<sup>26</sup>Glu) and less stable microtubules (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods, Table S1, and Figure S1&lt;/p&gt;
Force measurement in the presence of Brownian noise: Equilibrium-distribution method versus drift method (2011)

The study of microsystems and the development of nanotechnologies require alternative techniques to measure piconewton and femtonewton forces at microscopic and nanoscopic scales. Among the challenges is the need to deal with the ineluctable thermal noise, which, in the typical experimental situation of a spatial diffusion gradient, causes a spurious drift. This leads to a correction term when forces are estimated from drift measurements [G. Volpe, L. Helden, T. Brettschneider, J. Wehr, and C. Bechinger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 170602 (2010)]. Here we provide a systematic study of such an effect by comparing the forces acting on various Brownian particles derived from equilibrium-distribution and drift measurements. We discuss the physical origin of the correction term, its dependence on wall distance and particle radius, and its relation to the convention used to solve the respective stochastic integrals. Such a correction term becomes more significant for smaller particles and is predicted to be on the order of several piconewtons for particles the size of a biomolecule.
Chiral 1,2- and 1,3-Diol-Functionalized Chromophores as Lego Building Blocks for Coupled Structures (2005)

Chiral nitroanilines containing 1,2- or 1,3-diol functionalities have been synthesized by nucleophilic aromatic substitution of fluoronitroanilines with 1-aminopropane-2,3-diols and 2-aminopropane-1,3-diol in the melt. X-ray structure analyses confirm retention of the configuration of the chiral center. The novel chromophores are suitable to link reversibly to various substituted arylboronic acids which allows the construction of new solvatochromic sensor molecules suitable to response to solvent and anion coordination by fluoride. The solvatochromism of the new compounds has been studied using the Kamlet-Taft LSE relationship.
Virtual texturing in software and hardware (2012)

This course introduces partially resident textures (PRTs), a new GPU feature for virtual texturing, and contrasts them with software-based methods of virtual texturing. PRTs are available in the Southern Islands (Radeon HD 7xxx) family of graphics processors.
Evaluating and improving local hyperspectral anomaly detectors (2011)

This paper addresses two issues related to the detection of hyperspectral anomalies. The first issue is the evaluation of anomaly detector performance even when labeled data is not available. The second issue is the estimation of the covariance structure of the data in local detection methods, such as the RX detector, when the number of available training pixels n is not much larger than (and may even be smaller than) the data dimensionality p. Our first contribution is to formulate and employ a mean-log-volume approach for evaluating local anomaly detectors. Traditionally, the evaluation of a detector's accuracy has been problematic. Anomalies are loosely defined as pixels that are unusual with respect to the other pixels in a local or global context. This loose definition makes it easy to develop anomaly detection algorithms and many have been proposed but more difficult to evaluate or compare them. Our mean-log-volume approach allows for an effective evaluation of a detector's accuracy without requiring labeled testing data or an overly-specific definition of an anomaly. The second contribution is to investigate the use of the Sparse Matrix Transform (SMT) to model the local covariance structure of hyperspectral images. The SMT has been previously shown to provide full rank estimates of large covariance matrices even in the n <; p scenario. Traditionally, the number of training pixels needed for good estimates of the covariance needs to be at least as large as the data dimensionality (and preferably it should be several times larger). Therefore, when one deploys the RX detector in a sliding window, the choices to select small window sizes are limited because of the n >; p restriction associated to the covariance estimation. Our results suggest that RX-style detectors using the SMT covariance estimates perform favorably compared to other methods even (indeed, especially) in the regime of very small window sizes.
The hydrous component in garnets: pyralspites (1984)

Natural pyralspite garnets have been found to commonly contain a hydrous component, ranging in concentration from 0.02 to 0.25 wt.% as H_2O. Anhydrous pyralspites of crustal&#13;\norigin are rare. Of forty crustal garnets examined, only two were anhydrous. The mosthydrous garnets were spessartines from igneous pegmatites. Metamorphic garnets had lower water contents, and frequently also contained hydrous inclusions. The infrared absorptions of the hydrous component in the garnet end members are characteristic and&#13;\nconsist of 2 to 4 narrow bands centered at 3640 cm^(-1) in spessartine, 3500 cm^(-1) in almandine, and 3670 cm^(-1) in pyrope. The IR spectra indicate that the hydrous component&#13;\nIs not m the form of molecular H_2O; the most likely form is H_4O^(4-)_4 substituting for SiO^(4-)_4 but other substitutions involving multiple OH^- groups on one site are consistent with the data. The concentration of OH (as H_2O) in garnets may be determined from the integral&#13;\nabsorptivity (K) in the 3700-3400 cm^(-1) region, although K varies with chemistry from 3700-6000 (l mol^(-1)_2O cm^(-2)) in end members to 120-600 in intermediate compositions.
Real-time monitoring of spontaneous resonance in heart rate variability (2008)

The resonant characteristic of heart rate variability is usually generated using biofeedback and the external pacing of breathing, which is typically around 6 breaths/min (0.1 Hz), although the exact frequency varies between individuals. It was hypothesized that the actual resonant characteristic of heart rate actually depends on the current psychophysiological state of the subject; therefore, the real-team evaluation of this form of resonance is important for a variety of biofeedback applications. This paper presents an analysis of the spontaneous resonance of heart rate variability generated during singing and non-paced slow breathing after breathing exercises. Two methods for automatic analysis and characterization of heart rate variability resonance in real-time have been presented. The first method uses FFT-based spectral analysis, while the second method calculates the period and amplitude of the RR interval variation during each resonant cycle. The proposed methods were tested on a 45-min record from a chanting session and compared with manually annotated and measured periods.
Unified trend of superconducting transition temperature versus Hall coefficient for ultrathin FeSe films prepared on different oxide substrates (2017)

High transition temperature (${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$) superconductivity in FeSe/$\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has been widely discussed on the possible mechanisms in conjunction with the various effects of interface between FeSe and $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ substrate. By employing an electric-double-layer transistor configuration, which enables both the electrostatic carrier doping and electrochemical thickness tuning, we investigated the interfacial effect on the high-${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ phase at around 40 K in FeSe films deposited on $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, MgO, and $\mathrm{KTa}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ substrates. The systematic study on thickness dependence of transport properties under a certain gate voltage reveals the universal trend of the onset ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ against the Hall coefficient in all the FeSe films, irrespective of the substrate materials in which the different contribution of interfacial effect is expected. The independence of the highest ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ on substrate materials evidences that the high-${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ superconductivity at around 40 K does not primarily originate from a specific interface combination but from a charge carrier filling at specific electronic band structure.
Layer-by-Layer Assembled Films of Perylene Diimide- and Squaraine-Containing Metal–Organic Framework-like Materials: Solar Energy Capture and Directional Energy Transfer (2016)

We demonstrate that thin films of metal-organic framework (MOF)-like materials, containing two perylenediimides (PDICl4, PDIOPh2) and a squaraine dye (S1), can be fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly (LbL). Interestingly, these LbL films absorb across the visible light region (400-750 nm) and facilitate directional energy transfer. Due to the high spectral overlap and oriented transition dipole moments of the donor (PDICl4 and PDIOPh2) and acceptor (S1) components, directional long-range energy transfer from the bluest to reddest absorber was successfully demonstrated in the multicomponent MOF-like films. These findings have significant implications for the development of solar energy conversion devices based on MOFs.
A MRF approach to optical flow estimation (2003)

A Markov random field (MRF) formulation for the problem of optical flow computation is studied. An adaptive window matching scheme is used to obtain a good measure of the correlation between the two images. A confidence measure for each match is also used. Thus, the input to the system is the adaptive correlation and the corresponding confidence. The MRF model is then used to estimate the velocity field and the velocity discontinuities. The problem of occlusions is addressed, and a relationship between occlusions and motion discontinuities is established.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optical Simulation of Multijunction Solar Cells Based on III-V Nanowires on Silicon (2014)

International audience
Common Disconnections in Glioma Surgery: An Anatomic Description (2017)

Within the surgical treatment of glioma, extended survival is predicated upon extent of resection which is limited by proximity and/or invasion of eloquent structures. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography is a very useful tool for guiding supramaximal surgical resection while preserving eloquence. Although gliomas can vary significantly in size, shape, and invasion of functionally significant brain tissue, typical surgical disconnection patterns emerge. In this study, our typical surgical paradigm is outlined. We describe our surgical philosophy for resecting gliomas supramaximally summarized as define, divide, and destroy with the adjuvant utilization of neuronavigation and DTI. We describe the most common disconnections involved in glioma surgery at our institution; specifically, delineating tumor disconnections involving the medial posterior frontal, lateral posterior frontal, posterior temporal, anterior occipital, medial parietal, and insular regions. Although gliomas are highly variable, common patterns emerge in relation to the necessary disconnections required to preserve eloquent brain while maximizing the extent of resection.
A Study on Packaging Design Case Using Tactile Design - Focusing on beverage packaging design - (2020)

감성시대에서 포장디자인은 새로운 가치를 창출하 는 능력과 디자인적 추진력을 가능하게 해야 한다. 소비자들은 편안한 그립감을 가진 상품을 더 선호한 다. 이는 소비자가 포장을 접촉할 때 생기는 촉각적 감각이 소비행위에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 보여준다. 디자이너는 촉각디자인을 통해 소비자가 포장과 접촉 할 때 촉각을 체험해볼 수 있게 하며, 소비자들은 디 자이너에게 자신의 사용 후기 등에 대한 피드백을 통 해 더 나은 포장디자인을 보완할 수 있게 한다. 논문 중의 음료수 포장 사례는 소비자의 생리와 촉 각심리에서 시작되었으며, 촉각디자인을 활용하여 소 비자가 음료수 구매과정에서 편안한 촉각 체험을 할 수 있도록 설계된다. 촉각디자인 차원에서 음료수 포 장 재료를 선별할 때 재료와 제품 내용의 매칭 뿐만 아니라 소비자의 그립감과 코디방식도 고려해야한다. 또한 형태 설계과정에서 촉각디자인은 소비자의 사용 감과 안전성을 고려하는 것 외에도 제품의 정확한 사 용방법을 유도할 수 있다. 인쇄 기법에서 디자이너가 원하는 촉각 질감을 표현함으로써 제품의 특징을 정 확하게 전달하여 브랜드에 대한 이미지 연상을 심화 시킨다. 본 논문은 촉각디자인을 활용한 음료수 포장 사례 를 살펴보고 디자인특징과 촉각 표형방식을 분석하였다. 유사한 제품 디자인을 기획할 때 참고자료를 제 공하고 향후 촉각디자인을 활용하기 위해 다양한 연 구가 계속되기를 기대한다.
Arginine Deiminase Resistance in Melanoma Cells Is Associated with Metabolic Reprogramming, Glucose Dependence, and Glutamine Addiction (2013)

Many malignant human tumors, including melanomas, are auxotrophic for arginine due to reduced expression of argininosuccinate synthetase-1 (ASS1), the rate-limiting enzyme for arginine biosynthesis. Pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20), which degrades extracellular arginine, resulting in arginine deprivation, has shown favorable results in clinical trials for treating arginine-auxotrophic tumors. Drug resistance is the major obstacle for effective ADI-PEG20 usage. To elucidate mechanisms of resistance, we established several ADI-PEG20-resistant (ADI(R)) variants from A2058 and SK-Mel-2 melanoma cells. Compared with the parental lines, these ADI(R) variants showed the following characteristics: (i) all ADI(R) cell lines showed elevated ASS1 expression, resulting from the constitutive binding of the transcription factor c-Myc on the ASS1 promoter, suggesting that elevated ASS1 is the major mechanism of resistance; (ii) the ADI(R) cell lines exhibited enhanced AKT signaling and were preferentially sensitive to PI3K/AKT inhibitors, but reduced mTOR signaling, and were preferentially resistant to mTOR inhibitor; (iii) these variants showed enhanced expression of glucose transporter-1 and lactate dehydrogenase-A, reduced expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase, and elevated sensitivity to the glycolytic inhibitors 2-deoxy-glucose and 3-bromopyruvate, consistent with the enhanced glycolytic pathway (the Warburg effect); (iv) the resistant cells showed higher glutamine dehydrogenase and glutaminase expression and were preferentially vulnerable to glutamine inhibitors. We showed that c-Myc, not elevated ASS1 expression, is involved in upregulation of many of these enzymes because knockdown of c-Myc reduced their expression, whereas overexpressed ASS1 by transfection reduced their expression. This study identified multiple targets for overcoming ADI-PEG resistance in cancer chemotherapy using recombinant arginine-degrading enzymes.
Polymer reinforced silica aerogels: effects of dimethyldiethoxysilane and bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)amine as silane precursors (2013)

This study evaluated the effectiveness of dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES) precursor in improving the elastic recovery behavior of silica aerogels reinforced with epoxy through amine sites on the silica surface. In the study, two aminosilanes – 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)amine (BTMSPA) – were considered as reactive sites for cross-linking with epoxy. Because of the way the samples were formulated, BTMSPA offered half the number of amine sites compared to APTES at the same level of substitution. Replacing tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with at least 15 mol% DMDES reduced the number of silicon–oxygen bonds in the aerogel networks and resulted in improved elastic recovery, but up to an order of magnitude lower compressive modulus. BTMSPA aerogels demonstrated strong elastic response without DMDES, with some samples showing near complete recovery. However, these aerogels offered lower modulus than APTES aerogels.
The 3' Untranslated Region of Satellite Tobacco Necrosis Virus RNA Stimulates Translation in Vitro (1993)

The RNA of satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV) is a monocistronic messenger that lacks both a 5' cap structure and a 3' poly(A) tail. We show that in a cell-free translation system derived from wheat germ, STNV RNA lacking the 600-nucleotide trailer is translated an order of magnitude less efficiently than full-size RNA. Deletion analyses positioned the translational enhancer domain (TED) within a conserved hairpin structure immediately downstream from the coat protein cistron. TED enhances translation when fused to a heterologous mRNA, but the level of enhancement depends on the nature of the 5' untranslated sequence and is maximal in combination with the STNV leader. The STNV leader and TED have two regions of complementarity. One of the complementary regions in TED resembles picornavirus box A, which is involved in cap-independent translation but which is located upstream of the coding region.
Architecture vision for the 5G era (2016)

Requirements and use cases for the 5G era are demanding in key dimensions such as throughput, latency, scalability, convergence and automation. From these, an end-to-end architectural vision has been developed in a holistic way and including novel architectural concepts such as 5G access domain, next generation fixed, programmable transport and 5G era horizontal layers in conjunction with cloud, software defined and cognitive networks transformation and the associated management and orchestration mechanisms. A convergent end-to-end architecture for the 5G era is decomposed in a systematic manner, key attributes and characteristics of the associated architectural domains are described.
Abzu: Uncovering the Origin of Ancient Organics on Mars (2021)

Identifying evidence of ancient Martian life would revolutionize our understanding of terrestrial biological processes and predictions for the likelihood of life elsewhere in the Universe. Of all Solar System bodies, Mars must remain a primary life-detection target because conditions during its first 500 million years resembled those on Earth when early life emerged and evolved (e.g. Pollack et al., 1987). One of the best indicators of ancient life on Mars may be preserved organic matter. However, surface degradation of organic matter is a significant impediment to life detection on Mars, as habitable conditions on the surface disappeared billions of years ago (e.g. Ehlmann et al., 2016), the Martian surface receives a high flux of organic-degrading radiation, and unlike Earth, Martian sedimentary facies have not undergone extensive tectonic reworking. To overcome this challenge, Martian life detection strategies must leverage lessons learned from terrestrial biogeochemical investigations: on Earth, billion-year-old molecules are buried in sedimentary rock, preserved in the ancient geological record. Some of these molecules retain biogenic patterns and structures that can elucidate the origin and evolution of life (Summons et al., 2007).
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacterioferritin Is Assembled from FtnA and BfrB Subunits with the Relative Proportions Dependent on the Environmental Oxygen Availability (2022)

Ferritins are iron storage proteins assembled from 24 subunits into a spherical and hollow structure. The genomes of many bacteria harbor genes encoding two types of ferritin-like proteins, the bacterial ferritins (Ftn) and the bacterioferritins (Bfr), which bind heme. The genome of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 (like the genomes of many bacteria) contains genes coding for two different types of ferritin-like molecules, <i>ftnA</i> (PA4235) and <i>bfrB</i> (PA3531). The reasons for requiring the presence of two distinct types of iron storage protein in bacterial cells have remained largely unexplained. Attempts to understand this issue in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> through the recombinant expression of the <i>ftnA</i> and <i>bfrB</i> genes in <i>E. coli</i> host cells, coupled to the biochemical and structural characterization of the recombinant 24-mer FtnA and 24-mer BfrB molecules, have shown that each of the recombinant molecules can form an Fe<sup>3+</sup>-mineral core. These observations led to the suggestion that 24-mer FtnA and 24-mer BfrB molecules coexist in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> cells where they share iron storage responsibilities. Herein, we demonstrate that <i>P. aeruginosa</i> utilizes a single heterooligomeric 24-mer Bfr assembled from FtnA and BfrB subunits. The relative content of the FtnA and BfrB subunits in Bfr depends on the O<sub>2</sub> availability during cell culture, such that Bfr isolated from aerobically cultured <i>P. aeruginosa</i> is assembled from a majority of BfrB subunits. In contrast, when the cells are cultured in O<sub>2</sub>-limiting conditions, the proportion of FtnA subunits in the isolated Bfr increases significantly and can become the most abundant subunit. Despite the variability in the subunit composition of Bfr, the 24-mer assembly is consistently arranged from FtnA subunit dimers devoid of heme and BfrB subunit dimers each containing a heme molecule.
The kappa-#181;/Ig Composite Statistical Distribution in RF and FSO Wireless Channels (2013)

The aim of this work is the proposition of the κ-μ/Inverse Gaussian distribution which corresponds to a physical fading model. This is a composite distribution which is based on the κ-μ multipath model and the recently proposed Inverse Gaussian shadowing model. The former is a generalised model which includes as special cases the widely known Nakagamim, Rayleigh, Rice and one sided Gaussian distributions and accounts particularly for Non-Line-of-Sight communications. The latter is a convenient model which was recently shown to characterize shadowing effect more accurately than the widely used gamma distribution. As a result, the proposed composite model provides an overall efficient characterisation of multipath and shadowing effects which typically occur simultaneously. The offered modelling accuracy is achieved thanks to the remarkable flexibility of its parameters which is verified by the fact that the model is capable of providing good fittings to measurement data from realistic communication scenarios. Novel analytic expressions are derived for the probability density function (pdf) and the moments of the κ-μ/Inverse Gaussian composite fading model which includes as special cases the Nakagami-m/Inverse Gaussian, Rayleigh/Inverse Gaussian and Rice/Inverse Gaussian composite fading distributions. The offered expressions can be readily utilized in the derivation of vital performance measures in radio and free-space-optical communications over multipath/shadowing and medium-to-strong atmospheric turbulence, respectively. In this context, a closed-form expression is derived for the Amount of Fading over κ-μ/Ig fading channels.