gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Tumbling Magnetic Microrobot System for Biomedical Applications (2020)

A microrobot system comprising an untethered tumbling magnetic microrobot, a two-degree-of-freedom rotating permanent magnet, and an ultrasound imaging system has been developed for in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications. The microrobot tumbles end-over-end in a net forward motion due to applied magnetic torque from the rotating magnet. By turning the rotational axis of the magnet, two-dimensional directional control is possible and the microrobot was steered along various trajectories, including a circular path and P-shaped path. The microrobot is capable of moving over the unstructured terrain within a murine colon in in vitro, in situ, and in vivo conditions, as well as a porcine colon in ex vivo conditions. High-frequency ultrasound imaging allows for real-time determination of the microrobot's position while it is optically occluded by animal tissue. When coated with a fluorescein payload, the microrobot was shown to release the majority of the payload over a 1-h time period in phosphate-buffered saline. Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that the microrobot's constituent materials, SU-8 and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), did not show a statistically significant difference in toxicity to murine fibroblasts from the negative control, even when the materials were doped with magnetic neodymium microparticles. The microrobot system's capabilities make it promising for targeted drug delivery and other in vivo biomedical applications.
The big picture (2008)

This article deals with the development of extra large screen displays usingplasma tube technology. Plasma display panels (PDPs) created a new market for large-screen flat displays featuring real and impressive images, and this market continues to grow. The PDP has essential advantages over the LCD, such as high-speed response with emissive components, an extensive viewing angle, easy manufacturing, and the ease in making large screens. The new technologies of PTA for extra-large screen displays were developed and are progressing toward practical use. Testing of an experimental PTA display demonstrated that it has excellent performance.
A 40GS/s 6b ADC in 65nm CMOS (2010)

A 6b 65nm CMOS ADC exceeds the 29GS/S requirement of a 58Gb/s DP-QPSK optical receiver while operating up to 40GS/S. An inter-leaved architecture combines 16 SAR converters and an array of T/Hs with delay, gain, and offset calibration. A 1V 40mW 2.5GS/S subADC results in a total power of 1.5W, ENOB of 4.5b (3.9b) up to 10GHz (18GHz). An on-chip signal synthesizer simplifies production testing.
Power and Thermal Analysis of Commercial Mobile Platforms: Experiments and Case Studies (2019)

State-of-the-art mobile processors can deliver fast response time and high throughput to maximize the user experience. However, high performance comes at the expense of larger power density, which leads to higher skin temperatures. Since this can degrade the user experience, there is a strong need for power consumption and thermal analysis in mobile processors. In this paper, we first perform experiments on the Nexus 6P phone to study the power, performance and thermal behavior of modern smartphones. Using the insight from these experiments, we propose a control algorithm that throttles select applications without affecting other apps. We demonstrate our governor on the Exynos 5422 processor employed in the Odroid-XU3 board.
Possible New Treatment Modality for Atrial Fibrillation (2007)

Restricted accessAbstractFirst published March 2007Possible New Treatment Modality for Atrial FibrillationN. Agarawal, M.Z. Fissha, […], R. Baltazar, C. Cummings, and M.M. Mower+2-2View all authors and affiliationsVolume 55, Issue 2https://doi.org/10.1177/108155890705500273
Comparison of 12CO+2 and 13CO+2 alignment following photoionization of carbon dioxide (1984)

Fluorescence polarizations of the B̃ 2Σ+u–X̃ 2Πg (λ∼289 nm) and Ã 2Πu–X̃ 2Πg (λ&amp;gt;310 nm) transitions in 12CO+2 and 13CO+2 are measured following the photoionization of CO2 at energies ranging from 18.2 to 31 eV. The rotational alignments and channel ratios of the 12CO+2 and 13CO+2 B̃ 2Σ+u state are identical within experimental error and agree well with existing theoretical calculations. Polarizations for the Ã–X̃ emission differ for 12CO+2 and 13CO+2. We present evidence that this behavior can be explained by considering the influence of the extensive perturbations in the Ã and B̃ states of the 12CO+2 photoion. Mixed (Ã, B̃) states in 12CO+2 give rise to red-shifted emission (λ&amp;gt;310 nm) with a quantum yield ΦB, A defined as the fraction of red-shifted emission to all emission originating at the B̃ state energy. Using the present alignment data and published 12CO+2 Ã and B̃ state fluorescence cross sections, ΦB, A is determined to be nearly independent of ionizing energy with a value of 0.36 at 21.0 eV, in good agreement with other quantum yield measurements.
Muscle mechanoreflex induces the pressor response by resetting the arterial baroreflex neural arc (2004)

The effects of the muscle mechanoreflex on the arterial baroreflex neural control have not previously been analyzed over the entire operating range of the arterial baroreflex. In anesthetized, vagotomized, and aortic-denervated rabbits (n = 8), we isolated carotid sinuses and changed intracarotid sinus pressure (CSP) from 40 to 160 mmHg in increments of 20 mmHg every minute while recording renal sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and arterial pressure (AP). Muscle mechanoreflex was induced by passive muscle stretch (5 kg of tension) of the hindlimb. Muscle stretch shifted the CSP-SNA relationship (neural arc) to a higher SNA, whereas it did not affect the SNA-AP relationship (peripheral arc). SNA was almost doubled [from 63 +/- 15 to 118 +/- 14 arbitrary units (au), P < 0.05] at the CSP level of 93 +/- 8 mmHg, and AP was increased approximately 50% by muscle stretch. When the baroreflex negative feedback loop was closed, muscle stretch increased SNA from 63 +/- 15 to 81 +/- 21 au (P < 0.05) and AP from 93 +/- 8 to 109 +/- 12 mmHg (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the muscle mechanoreflex resets the neural arc to a higher SNA, which moves the operating point towards a higher SNA and AP under baroreflex closed-loop conditions. Analysis of the baroreflex equilibrium diagram indicated that changes in the neural arc induced by the muscle mechanoreflex might compensate for pressure falls resulting from exercise-induced vasodilatation.
Failure analysis on the standby current due to dislocation in STI structure of flash memory (2012)

The technology of increasing Internal Vcc without using memory tester is used to enhance the photon emission and the failure range is defined in detail by nano probing. With these methods, we found out that the leakage current was caused by dislocations of STI arranged in a row.
Modular, Active, and Robust Lewis Acid Catalysts Supported on a Metal−Organic Framework (2010)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown promise as heterogeneous catalysts because of their high crystallinity, uniform pores, and ability to be chemically and physically tuned for specific chemical transformations. One of the challenges with MOF-based catalysis is few systems achieve all of the desired features for a heterogeneous catalyst, including high activity, robustness (recyclability), and excellent selectivity. Herein, postsynthetic modification (PSM) of a MOF is used to synthesize a series of MOF catalysts that are highly robust and active for epoxide ring-opening reactions. In the following study, four metalated MOFs (UMCM-1-AMInpz, UMCM-1-AMInsal, UMCM-1-AMFesal, and UMCM-1-AMCupz) are examined as catalysts for beta-azido and beta-amino alcohol synthesis with epoxides of varying sizes and shapes using two different nucleophiles (TMSN(3) and aniline). The four MOFs are isostructural, exhibit good thermal and structural stability, and display different catalytic activities based on the combination of metal ion and chelating ligand immobilized within the framework. In particular, UMCM-1-AMInpz and UMCM-1-AMInsal act as robust, single-site catalysts with distinct selectivity for ring-opening reactions with specific nucleophiles. More importantly, one of these catalysts, UMCM-1-AMInpz, selectively promotes the ring-opening of cis-stilbene oxide in the presence of trans-stilbene oxide, which cannot be achieved with a comparable molecular Lewis acid catalyst. The results show that PSM is a promising, modular, and highly tunable approach for the discovery of robust, active, and selective MOF catalysts that combine the best aspects of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
Proline-Based N-Oxides as Modular Chiral Catalysts for Allylation (2005)

The authors introduce their modular amino acid based N-oxide as an organocatalyst for the allylation of aldehydes. The catalyst is prepared through a simple three-step route providing the N-oxide catalysts in good yield (˜50% for three steps). Good yields (>80%) and ee’s in the range of 71-92% are obtained for a number of aromatic aldehydes.
Vector independent transmission of the vector-borne bluetongue virus (2014)

Bluetongue is an economically important disease of ruminants. The causative agent, Bluetongue virus (BTV), is mainly transmitted by insect vectors. This review focuses on vector-free BTV transmission, and its epizootic and economic consequences. Vector-free transmission can either be vertical, from dam to fetus, or horizontal via direct contract. For several BTV-serotypes, vertical (transplacental) transmission has been described, resulting in severe congenital malformations. Transplacental transmission had been mainly associated with live vaccine strains. Yet, the European BTV-8 strain demonstrated a high incidence of transplacental transmission in natural circumstances. The relevance of transplacental transmission for the epizootiology is considered limited, especially in enzootic areas. However, transplacental transmission can have a substantial economic impact due to the loss of progeny. Inactivated vaccines have demonstrated to prevent transplacental transmission. Vector-free horizontal transmission has also been demonstrated. Since direct horizontal transmission requires close contact of animals, it is considered only relevant for within-farm spreading of BTV. The genetic determinants which enable vector-free transmission are present in virus strains circulating in the field. More research into the genetic changes which enable vector-free transmission is essential to better evaluate the risks associated with outbreaks of new BTV serotypes and to design more appropriate control measures.
Establishing the HIV reservoir: HIV-susceptible cells and the signals that recruit them (2018)

Abstract HIV infection rapidly causes localized inflammation, which contributes to viral pathogenesis by recruiting cells to become infected. At the same time, the stable HIV reservoir forms swiftly and persists over the life of the individual, likely due to infection of long-lived central memory CD4 T cells. The elimination/control of the reservoir is critical to an HIV cure. We sought to understand how host inflammatory responses to HIV drive the formation of the viral reservoir. Our early studies found that CD4 T cells rapidly produce the chemoattractant CCL2 following HIV infection, and this host response is dependent on HIV reverse transcription but not integration of viral DNA. We proposed that CCL2 produced early in response to HIV lures cells bearing the receptor—CCR2—to the zone of infection. Using mass cytometry, we identified a novel population of human lymphoid CCR2+ CD4 T cells that co-express CCR5 and have a central memory phenotype, along with markers associated with the HIV reservoir. We found that CCR2/5+ cells migrate in response to CCL2, fuse to R5 and X4-tropic HIV and support productive and latent infection. To measure the HIV reservoir in vivo, we sorted CCR2/5+ cells from PBMCs of HIV-infected ART-suppressed individuals and measured integrated HIV proviral DNA. Our preliminary findings show that CCR2/5+ cells have significantly higher levels of integrated HIV than CCR-negative memory (12-fold, p = 0.046) or naïve cells (28-fold, p = 0.012). We propose that HIV hijacks the host response to the virus to recruit CCR2+ cells, which may become latently infected to form the long-lived reservoir, providing a link between inflammation and reservoir seeding. We are now testing if blockade of CCL2 disrupts formation of the HIV reservoir.
Low-penalty transmission of high-speed data through a cascade of silicon microring resonator drop ports (2007)

We demonstrate the propagation of 10-Gb/s optical data through a cascade of microring filter drop ports. The power penalty is measured through two and four resonator hops and compared with simulated values. (2 pages)
Estimation on maximum transmission distance for 2.5 Gb/s coherent FDM optical repeater systems (1993)

The transmission limit for the coherent FDM optical repeater transmission system is explained. On the basis of 2.5-Gb/s four-channel FDM optical-repeater transmission experiments, it was determined that four-wave mixing in the fiber is mainly what limits the maximum transmission distance to 1900 km with 50-km repeater spacing. In the region below this transmission limit, coherent detection was characterized by low power consumption characteristics in the optical repeaters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: (R,R)-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,3-diphenylpropane as a versatile ligand for enantioselective hydrogenations Synthesis of both enantiomers of 1-Phenylethanol by reduction of acetophenone with Geotrichum candidum IFO 5767 Titanocene-catalyzed reduction of ketones in the presence of water. A convenient procedure for the synthesis of alcohols via free-radical chemistry Xyl-tetraPHEMP: a highly efficient biaryl ligand in the [diphosphine RuCl2 diamine]-catalyzed hydrogenation of simple aromatic ketones N-Arenesulfonyl- and N-Alkylsulfamoyl-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine ligands for ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of activated ketones The synthesis and application of BrXuPHOS: a novel monodentate phosphorus ligand for the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones In Situ formation of ligand and catalyst: application in ruthenium-catalyzed enantioselective reduction of ketones Synphos and Difluorphos as ligands for ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogenation of alkenes and ketones An arene ruthenium complex with polymerizable side chains for the synthesis of immobilized catalysts Selective reduction of carbonyl group in β, γ-unsaturated α-alpha-ketoesters by transfer hydrogenation with Ru-(p-cymene) (TsDPEN) Preparation of polymer-supported Ru-TsDPEN catalysts and their use for the enantioselective synthesis of (S)-fluoxetine Polymer-supported chiral sulfonamide-catalyzed reduction of β-keto nitriles: a practical synthesis of (R)-Fluoxetine
Intracellular and in vivo evaluation of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carboxamide anti-tuberculosis compounds (2020)

The imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carboxamides (ITAs) are a promising class of anti-tuberculosis agents shown to have potent activity in vitro and to target QcrB, a key component of the mycobacterial cytochrome bcc-aa3 super complex critical for the electron transport chain. Herein we report the intracellular macrophage potency of nine diverse ITA analogs with MIC values ranging from 0.0625-2.5 μM and mono-drug resistant potency ranging from 0.0017 to 7 μM. The in vitro ADME properties (protein binding, CaCo-2, human microsomal stability and CYP450 inhibition) were determined for an outstanding compound of the series, ND-11543. ND-11543 was tolerable at >500 mg/kg in mice and at a dose of 200 mg/kg displayed good drug exposure in mice with an AUC(0-24h) >11,700 ng·hr/mL and a >24 hr half-life. Consistent with the phenotype observed with other QcrB inhibitors, compound ND-11543 showed efficacy in a chronic murine TB infection model when dosed at 200 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The efficacy was not dependent upon exposure, as pre-treatment with a known CYP450-inhibitor did not substantially improve efficacy. The ITAs are an interesting scaffold for the development of new anti-TB drugs especially in combination therapy based on their favorable properties and novel mechanism of action.
Guomindang paixi douzhengshi (A History of Factional Struggles within the Kuomintang). Edited by Guo Xuyin. [Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1992. 640 pp. RMB 12.55.] (1994)

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Deep Keypoint-Based Camera Pose Estimation with Geometric Constraints (2020)

Estimating relative camera poses from consecutive frames is a fundamental problem in visual odometry (VO) and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), where classic methods consisting of hand-crafted features and sampling-based outlier rejection have been a dominant choice for over a decade. Although multiple works propose to replace these modules with learning-based counterparts, most have not yet been as accurate, robust and generalizable as conventional methods. In this paper, we design an end-to-end trainable framework consisting of learnable modules for detection, feature extraction, matching and outlier rejection, while directly optimizing for the geometric pose objective. We show both quantitatively and qualitatively that pose estimation performance may be achieved on par with the classic pipeline. Moreover, we are able to show by end-to-end training, the key components of the pipeline could be significantly improved, which leads to better generalizability to unseen datasets compared to existing learning-based methods.
Abstract 10629: Effect of Empagliflozin on Blood Volume Redistribution in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction (2021)

Background: The relationship between blood volume and pressure in the vascular system can be described in terms of unstressed and stressed blood volume. Stressed blood volume determines venous pressure and provides preload back to the heart, which regulates the generation of cardiac output (CO) via the Frank-starling mechanism. Whether sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2i) favorably modifies stressed blood volume is not known. Hypothesis: To investigate the effect of SGLT2i (empagliflozin) on the hemodynamic estimated stressed blood volume (eSBV) in HFrEF patients compared to placebo. Methods: A post hoc analysis of investigator-initiated, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Seventy patients were assigned to empagliflozin of 10 mg or matching placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Patients underwent right heart catheterization at rest and during exercise at baseline and follow-up. Outcome was change in eSBV after 12 weeks of empagliflozin treatment at each level of exercise. We conducted computer-modelling simulations based on invasive hemodynamic assessment to measure eSBV. Results: HFrEF patients with mean age was 57 years, mean ejection fraction 27%, 47 (71%) on diuretics were randomized. After 12 weeks treatment exercise eSBV was significantly reduced at 0 watt, 25 watt and 25 % of maximal exercise watt, compared to placebo [(0 watt; –258 mL, 95% CI –476 to –39, p=0.021); (25 watt; –301 mL, 95% CI –561 to –40, p=0.024); and (25% of peak exercise watt; –262 mL, 95% CI –490 to –34, p=0.024)]. There was no effect on rest, or at peak exercise eSBV [(Rest; –75 ml, 95% confidence interval [CI] –279 to 130; p=0.47); and (Peak; –96 mL, 95% CI –444 to 251, p=0.59)]. This was consistent among patients with and without type 2 diabetes, etiology of HFrEF, and diuretic usage (Figure 1). Conclusion: Empagliflozin may contribute to shift blood from the effective circulatory beds to the venous reservoir in reducing filling pressure and eSBV, but maintaining CO.
High doped drain double-Resurf 100V P-channel MOS on SOI 0.35 ¿m BCD technology (2008)

In this paper two different 100 V P-channel MOS structures on SOI 0.35 mum BCD technology have been compared. The higher drain doping for the drain extension PMOS with respect to the PDMOS is key to achieve not only good specific on-resistance but also robustness at high temperature reverse bias (HTRB) reliability test.
Individual effects of dietary EPA and DHA on the functioning of the isolated working rat heart (1998)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary pure eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the physiology of the heart in normoxic conditions and during postischemic reperfusion. These effects were compared with those of dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Rats were fed a diet containing either sunflower seed oil (75 g·kg-1, SSO group), or a mixture of EPA (20:5 n-3) ethyl ester and SSO (10:90, EPA group), or a mixture of DHA (22:6 n-3) ethyl ester and SSO (10:90, DHA group), or a mixture of EPA + DHA ethyl esters and SSO (4.2:5.8:90, e+D group) for 6 weeks. The hearts were then perfused according to the working mode. The perfusion was maintained either in normoxic conditions or stopped for 17 min (global zero-flow ischemia) and restored for 33 min (reperfusion). The aortic and coronary flows, aortic developed pressure, and electrocardiogram were continuously monitored. When rats were fed a diet containing either EPA and (or) DHA, the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of cardiac phospholipids decreased. The proportion of arachidonic acid was reduced more with DHA than dietary EPA. In the EPA group, the percentage of DHA was lower than in the DHA group, but the percentage of EPA and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3) was higher. These changes in membrane fatty acid composition altered the cardiac function. In normoxic conditions, the coronary flow was higher in the SSO group than in the DHA and EPA groups. The heart rate was lower in the DHA and e+D groups than in the EPA and SSO groups. The aortic flow, cardiac output, and aortic developed pressure were not affected. During postischemic reperfusion, the recovery of aortic flow, coronary flow, and aortic developed pressure was similar in the four groups. A slightly improved recovery of cardiac function was noticed in the EPA group, but the difference was not significant. Feeding rats 5% fish oil + 5% SSO instead of 10% SSO for 8 weeks increased the incorporation of EPA in cardiac phospholipids and favored the recovery (+120%) of aortic flow during postischemic reperfusion. In conclusion, the beneficial effect of dietary fish oil on the recovery of cardiac pump activity during reperfusion was not observed with DHA or EPA alone. It appears to be positively related to the accumulation of EPA in membrane phospholipids. The dietary conditions favouring EPA accumulation remain to be determined.Key words: dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, myocardial ischemia, reperfusion.
Hydroperoxidation of Tertiary Alkylaromatics Catalyzed By N‐Hydroxyphthalimide and Aldehydes under Mild Conditions (2011)

Abstract A metal‐free catalytic system consisting of an aldehyde and N ‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) for the selective oxidation of tertiary alkylaromatics with molecular oxygen has been developed. Cumene was oxidized efficiently to the corresponding hydroperoxide under mild conditions. The molecule‐induced homolysis between peracids generated in situ and NHPI ensured the formation of the phthalimide N ‐oxyl (PINO) radical even at room temperature. Investigations on aldehyde, solvent and temperature effects allowed us to achieve good conversions with high selectivity in hydroperoxide. The optimized procedure was successfully extended to phenylcyclohexane, a valuable alternative for the production of phenol. The mechanism is discussed in detail.
Ultra-Broadband Radial Polarization Conversion based on Goos-Hanchen Shift (2007)

We demonstrate, for the first time, a scheme that generates radially-polarized light using Goos-Hanchen shift of a cylindrically symmetric Total Internal Reflection. It allows ultra-broadband radial polarization conversion for wavelengths differing &gt;1 micron.