gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Micromachined Silicon Flexure for Tunable External Cavity Diode Laser (2007)

We present a novel external cavity diode laser design developed for atomic physics which employs a micromachined silicon flexure to sweep the laser frequency and a volume holographic reflection grating (VHG) to provide the optical feedback. The advantages of using a silicon flexure are its simple microfabrication process and reduction of the overall size of the laser system. The results demonstrate an optimized threshold current reduction from 59mA to 43mA, a frequency sweeping range of 2.069 GHz, and 87Rb, 85Rb (Rubidium) D2 line absorption at 780 nm.
Semantic Highlighting on the WWW: Educational Implications. (1998)

The main method of locating information on the World Wide Web is to use a search engine. Given a set of terms, a search engine will return a list of documents containing those terms. Often, though, this list of documents is extremely large. Unfortunately, there are currently no tools to assist the information seeker in determining whether these documents contain desired information or just submitted terms. Two types of search engine errors are possible: false positive errors result from the many connotations which words may convey, and false negative errors result from the many wordings that express similar meanings. To solve these difficulties, a technique called Semantic Highlighting was developed that focuses on meaning rather than terms. This technique enables experts and instructors to highlight the most pertinent portions of documents in a hierarchical manner, allowing students, colleagues, and other users to search more efficiently. It also allows for instructors and experts to assess and communicate directly their assessment of the importance of elements within the documents. Two examples of using Semantic Highlighting as a teaching tool at the University of Missouri-Columbia are included. Five figures present screens of the Semantic Highlighting enhanced search engine output, document visualization, and highlighted documents. (Author/AEF) **************************** ***** *********************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************
A new optical boron detection method (2014)

A new optical sensor detects aqueous boric acid and phenylboronic acid in the ppb range by a simple experimental procedure.
Back Cover: Assessment of Bromodomain Target Engagement by a Series of BI2536 Analogues with Miniaturized BET‐BRET (ChemMedChem 23/2016) (2016)

The back cover picture shows a schematic of a bioluminescent energy transfer (BRET) system that reports on in-cell target engagement of small molecules to the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family of chromatin-regulating proteins. Shown is the rendering of a fusion of BET protein (BRD4; PDB 3MXF) to NanoLuciferase (NLuc; PDB 5IBO), together with the NLuc substrate furimazine and the BET-specific probe JQ1 tethered to a BRET-active fluorophore. This assay can be useful for high-throughput assessment of the on-target cellular engagement of BET inhibitors, and can help prioritize compounds with known polypharmacology. More information can be found in the Communication by James E. Bradner et al. on page 2575 in Issue 23, 2016 (DOI:10.1002/cmdc.201600502).
Organ-Dependent Variation of Capsule Thickness inCryptococcus neoformansduring Experimental Murine Infection (1998)

In studies of murine infection, the capsule thickness of Cryptococcus neoformans varied depending on the organ. The relative order of thickness was as follows: lung > brain > in vitro isolates. The differences in capsule thickness suggest that there are organ-related differences in the expression of genes responsible for capsule thickness.
DNA Binding by Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Switch Protein Is Necessary for Transcriptional Activation of Two Viral Delayed Early Promoters (2001)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus-8) establishes latent and lytic infections in both lymphoid and endothelial cells and has been associated with diseases of both cell types. The KSHV open reading frame 50 (ORF50) protein is a transcriptional activator that plays a central role in the reactivation of lytic viral replication from latency. Here we identify and characterize a DNA binding site for the ORF50 protein that is shared by the promoters of two delayed early genes (ORF57 and K-bZIP). Transfer of this element to heterologous promoters confers on them high-level responsiveness to ORF50, indicating that the element is both necessary and sufficient for activation. The element consists of a conserved 12-bp palindromic sequence and less conserved sequences immediately 3' to it. Mutational analysis reveals that sequences within the palindrome are critical for binding and activation by ORF50, but the presence of a palindrome itself is not absolutely required. The 3' flanking sequences also play a critical role in DNA binding and transactivation. The strong concordance of DNA binding in vitro with transcriptional activation in vivo strongly implies that sequence-specific DNA binding is necessary for ORF50-mediated activation through this element. Expression of truncated versions of the ORF50 protein reveals that DNA binding is mediated by the amino-terminal 272 amino acids of the polypeptide.
Two tissue-resident progenitor lineages drive distinct phenotypes of heterotopic ossification (2016)

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a congenital heterotopic ossification (HO) syndrome caused by gain-of-function mutations of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor ACVR1, manifests with progressive ossification of skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints. In this disease, HO can occur in discrete flares, often triggered by injury or inflammation, or may progress incrementally without identified triggers. Mice harboring an Acvr1<sup>R206H</sup> knock-in allele recapitulate the phenotypic spectrum of FOP, including injury-responsive intramuscular HO and spontaneous articular, tendon, and ligament ossification. The cells that drive HO in these diverse tissues can be compartmentalized into two lineages: an Scx<sup>+</sup> tendon-derived progenitor that mediates endochondral HO of ligaments and joints without exogenous injury, and a muscle-resident interstitial Mx1<sup>+</sup> population that mediates intramuscular, injury-dependent endochondral HO. Expression of Acvr1<sup>R206H</sup> in either lineage confers aberrant gain of BMP signaling and chondrogenic differentiation in response to activin A and gives rise to mutation-expressing hypertrophic chondrocytes in HO lesions. Compared to Acvr1<sup>R206H</sup>, expression of the man-made, ligand-independent ACVR1<sup>Q207D</sup> mutation accelerates and increases the penetrance of all observed phenotypes, but does not abrogate the need for antecedent injury in muscle HO, demonstrating the need for an injury factor in addition to enhanced BMP signaling. Both injury-dependent intramuscular and spontaneous ligament HO in Acvr1<sup>R206H</sup> knock-in mice were effectively controlled by the selective ACVR1 inhibitor LDN-212854. Thus, diverse phenotypes of HO found in FOP are rooted in cell-autonomous effects of dysregulated ACVR1 signaling in nonoverlapping tissue-resident progenitor pools that may be addressed by systemic therapy or by modulating injury-mediated factors involved in their local recruitment.
An Integrated Mobile Platform for Automated Data Collection and Real-Time Patient Monitoring in Diabetes Clinical Trials (2021)

We present a new mobile platform to be used in clinical trials aimed at both collecting data and assessing new technologies and treatments for diabetes care. The main components of the platform are a mobile app, that automatically collects data from continuous glucose monitoring sensors and activity trackers, and also allows users to manually log daily events; a cloud database for safe data storage; a web interface, which allows clinicians to monitor patients' status in real-time. The platform is modular and highly customizable for a multitude of purposes in clinical research. Preliminary tests performed for daily-life data gathering by both clinicians and users are extremely encouraging.
Diethyl 3,6-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-2,6-methano-1,3-benzothiazocine-5,11-dicarboxylates as calcium entry antagonists: new conformationally restrained analogs of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines related to nitrendipine as probes for receptor-site conformation (1987)

The pharmacological activity of rigid analogues of 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium entry antagonists 9-16 is demonstrated by dose-dependent inhibition of the calcium contraction in depolarized rat aortic strips and by a [3H]nitrendipine binding assay in using cardiac sarcolemmal membranes. From the results, a model is proposed as the receptor-bound conformation of the dihydropyridine calcium entry antagonists.
Toward personalized care management of patients at risk (2011)

Chronic diseases constitute the leading cause of mortality in the western world, have a major impact on the patients' quality of life, and comprise the bulk of healthcare costs. Nowadays, healthcare data management systems integrate large amounts of medical information on patients, including diagnoses, medical procedures, lab test results, and more. Sophisticated analysis methods are needed for utilizing these data to assist in patient management and to enhance treatment quality at reduced costs. In this study, we take a first step towards better disease management of diabetic patients by applying state-of-the art methods to anticipate the patient's future health condition and to identify patients at high risk. Two relevant outcome measures are explored: the need for emergency care services and the probability of the treatment producing a sub-optimal result, as defined by domain experts. By identifying the high-risk patients our prediction system can be used by healthcare providers to prepare both financially and logistically for the patient needs. To demonstrate a potential downstream application for the identified high-risk patients, we explore the association between the physician treating these patients and the treatment outcome, and propose a system that can assist healthcare providers in optimizing the match between a patient and a physician.
ATP-Mediated Kinome Selectivity: The Missing Link in Understanding the Contribution of Individual JAK Kinase Isoforms to Cellular Signaling (2014)

Kinases constitute an important class of therapeutic targets being explored both by academia and the pharmaceutical industry. The major focus of this effort was directed toward the identification of ATP competitive inhibitors. Although it has long been recognized that the intracellular concentration of ATP is very different from the concentrations utilized in biochemical enzyme assays, little thought has been devoted to incorporating this discrepancy into our understanding of translation from enzyme inhibition to cellular function. Significant work has been dedicated to the discovery of JAK kinase inhibitors; however, a disconnect between enzyme and cellular function is prominently displayed in the literature for this class of inhibitors. Herein, we demonstrate utilizing the four JAK family members that the difference in the ATP Km of each individual kinase has a significant impact on the enzyme to cell inhibition translation. We evaluated a large number of JAK inhibitors in enzymatic assays utilizing either 1 mM ATP or Km ATP for the four isoforms as well as in primary cell assays. This data set provided the opportunity to examine individual kinase contributions to the heterodimeric kinase complexes mediating cellular signaling. In contrast to a recent study, we demonstrate that for IL-15 cytokine signaling it is sufficient to inhibit either JAK1 or JAK3 to fully inhibit downstream STAT5 phosphorylation. This additional data thus provides a critical piece of information explaining why JAK1 has incorrectly been thought to have a dominant role over JAK3. Beyond enabling a deeper understanding of JAK signaling, conducting similar analyses for other kinases by taking into account potency at high ATP rather than Km ATP may provide crucial insights into a compound's activity and selectivity in cellular contexts.
DETAILED NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF ATOMIZATION OF A LIQUID JET IN A SWIRLING GAS CROSSFLOW (2019)

Breakup of a liquid jet in a high speed gaseous crossflow finds wide range of engineering and technological applications, especially in the combustors of the gas turbine engines in aerospace industry. In this study, we present volume-of-fluid method based direct numerical simulations of a liquid jet injected into a swirling crossflow of gas. The liquid is injected radially outwards from a central tube to a confined annular space with a swirling gas crossflow. The essential features of the jet breakup involving jet flattening, surface waves and stripping of droplets from the edges of the jet are captured in the simulations. We discuss the effect of swirl on the spray characteristics such as jet trajectory, column breakup-length, and size, shape-factor and velocity distribution of the drops. Drop size increases with swirl and penetration is slightly reduced. Moreover, the trajectory follows an angle (azimuthal) that is smaller than the geometric angle of the swirl at the inlet. Interestingly, we also observe coalescence events downstream of the jet that affect the final droplet size distribution for the geometry considered in this study.
Adenohypophysis hormone gene products in 14 pituitary adenomas : Analysis by immunohistochemistry and Northern blotting (1991)

We investigated 14 pituitary adenomas (10 silent adenomas; 3 prolactinomas and one GH-secreting tumor) for the presence of hormone gene transcripts (Northern blot) as well as for translation products (immunohistochemistry). The GH-secreting tumor was shown to express the genes coding for GH and PRL and to synthesize the corresponding hormones. In the cases of prolactinomas, immunohistochemical data demonstrated the synthesis of prolactin only. In addition to the PRL gene, Northern blot analysis revealed the transcription of the alpha-subunit gene in one case. Hormone genes were found to be expressed in 7 out of the 10 silent tumors, whereas no hormone synthesis was detected in any of these tissues. LH-beta mRNA was found in 3 cases, FSH-beta mRNA in 5 cases and alpha-subunit gene was shown to be expressed in one case. Surprisingly, the level of expression of the FSH-beta gene was higher than in normal tissue. This study confirms that some so called "silent" adenomas are expressing alpha- and/or beta-subunit glycoprotein hormone genes, even if no hormone is synthesized. The therapeutic action of bromocriptine described in some "silent" adenomas cases could be related to that hormone gene expression potentiality.
Novel applications of photonic band gap materials: Low-loss bends and high Q cavities (1994)

In this paper we discuss a novel material which has nearly ideal properties at optical frequencies. It combines the low dissipation of a dielectric with the reflectivity of a metal. This material employs a two-dimensional photonic band gap structure to achieve in-plane confinement of light and uses index contrast to achieve vertical confinement. We discuss how this material can be used to create microcavities for the production of low threshold lasers and waveguides capable of low-loss bends.
Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber (2006)

Fibers have been produced from a blend of poly(acrylonitrile) and poly(styrene hydantoin). The fibers were extruded from a single solvent, dimethyl acetamide. The fiber properties from the blended polymers were somewhat poorer than those from the unmodified acrylic fiber, but were still acceptable. The fibers from the polymer blend could be chlorinated to produce halamines and thus rendered antimicrobial. Antimicrobial test results showed efficacy against S. aureus . The ability to regenerate the halamines (and the antimicrobial functionality) lasted through 50 home laundry washings. The chlorine absorption was shown to be proportional to the specific surface area (m 2 /g) of the fibers, as might be expected for hydrophobic materials which can react with aqueous reagents only on the fiber surface. Although the fibers produced here were rather larger than those typically used in clothing, the data suggest that a typical diameter fiber of the composition produced here would have a specific surface area to allow chlorine absorption approaching 0.5 %. This level of retained chlorine would certainly produce a highly satisfactory antimicrobial effect - substantially better than the experimental data shown herein.
Intravascular imaging for characterization of coronary atherosclerosis (2017)

This short review surveys recent developments in coronary intravascular imaging technologies. We present an outline of the applications of intravascular imaging for guidance of percutaneous coronary interventions and imaging of atherosclerosis, along with emerging clinical evidence for use. Imaging of tissue composition is important for understanding the relation between the presence of a lesion and clinical sequelae. We describe the recent innovations to enable imaging of unstable atherosclerotic plaques, focusing on the emergence of experimental multimodal imaging technology.
Crowd oil not crude oil (2019)

Climate change represents an existential, global threat to humanity, yet its delocalized nature complicates climate action. Here, the authors propose retrofitting air conditioning units as integrated, scalable, and renewable-powered devices capable of decentralized CO<sub>2</sub> conversion and energy democratization.
Prooncogenic Factors miR-23b and miR-27b Are Regulated by Her2/ Neu , EGF, and TNF-α in Breast Cancer (2013)

miRNAs (miR) are a critical class of small (21-25 nucleotides) noncoding endogenous RNAs implicated in gene expression regulation. We identified miR-23b and miR-27b as miRNAs that are highly upregulated in human breast cancer. We found that engineered knockdown of miR-23b and miR-27b substantially repressed breast cancer growth. Nischarin (NISCH) expression was augmented by knockdown of miR-23b as well as miR-27b. Notably, these miRNAs and Nischarin were inversely expressed in human breast cancers, underscoring their biologic relevance. We showed the clinical relevance of the expression of these miRNAs and showed that high expression of miR-23b and miR-27b correlates with poor outcome in breast cancer. Moreover, intraperitoneally delivered anti-miR-27b restored Nischarin expression and decreased tumor burden in a mouse xenograft model of human mammary tumor. Also, we report for the first time that HER2/neu (ERBB2), EGF, and TNF-α promote miR-23b/27b expression through the AKT/NF-κB signaling cascade. Nischarin was found to regulate miR-27b/23b expression through a feedback loop mechanism by suppressing NF-κB phosphorylation. Because anti-miR-27b compounds that suppress miR-27b inhibit tumor growth, the anti-miR-27b seems to be a good candidate for the development of new antitumor therapies.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole as a p-channel organic semiconductor for high performance OTFTs (2010)

A new diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative 1 exhibits excellent hole mobilities of 0.7 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and a current on/off ratio of 10(6) under ambient conditions in bottom-gate, top-contact organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) fabricated by vacuum deposition.
Preclinical testing supports combined BET and BRAF inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for melanoma. (2014)

9072 Background: Manipulation of key epigenetic regulators is emerging as a new therapeutic strategy in cancer. Our group recently reported a role for BRD4, a Bromodomain-containing protein and BET family member, in melanoma maintenance (Segura MF et al, Cancer Research 2013). BET inhibition impaired melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth and metastatic behavior in vivo. Here we investigated the effect of combining the BET inhibitor JQ-1 with the B-RAF inhibitor Vemurafenib in in vitro and in vivo models of B-RAF mutated melanoma. Methods: We performed cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays, and a xenograft mouse model to explore the in vitro and in vivoactivity of JQ-1 alone or in combination with Vemurafenib in melanoma. We conducted RNA sequencing of xenograft tumors, quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblottings to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of combined BET and B-RAF inhibition. Results: In vitro, the BET-inhibitor JQ-1 exhibited time and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against a panel of B-RAF mutant melanoma cell lines. When combined with JQ-1, Vemurafenib showed synergism and significant apoptosis in vitro. In a xenograft mouse model of melanoma, the addition of JQ-1 to Vemurafenib enhanced the ability of either drug alone to suppress tumor growth and significantly improved survival. Tumors treated with BET and B-RAF inhibitors had reduced proliferative index, as revealed by Ki67 immunostaining. Pathway analysis of RNA sequencing data of mouse tumor tissues showed a significant impact on transcriptional programs controlling cell growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, cell-cycle regulation and differentiation. Conclusions: Collectively, our data provide a rationale for combined BET and B-raf inhibition as a novel strategy for the treatment of melanoma.
Grain Boundary Precipitate Modification for Improved Intergranular Corrosion Resistance (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
<i>In-situ</i> Microbending Tests of Ni–Cr Alloy during Cathodic Hydrogen Charging by Electrochemical Nanoindentation (2017)

To investigate hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of an individual grain boundary, microcantilevers were fabricated on Ni–Cr bialloy surfaces by focused ion beam, and microbending tests were conducted during hydrogen charging by electrochemical nanoindentation. For microcantilevers fabricated across a twin boundary and inside a grain, no crack was formed by the bending both in air and during hydrogen charging. On the other hand, for microcantilevers fabricated across a random grain boundary, a crack was formed by the bending during hydrogen charging, whereas no crack was formed in air. Thus, it was identified that, for Ni–Cr bialloy, random grain boundaries are more susceptible to hydrogen than twin boundaries and crystalline planes. To validate these experimental results, slow strain-rate tensile tests were also performed, and subcracks of the fractured specimens were analyzed by electron beam back-scattering diffraction. In accordance with the microbending test results, subcracks were predominantly formed along random grain boundaries, but never along twin boundaries and inside grains. Higher hydrogen susceptibility of the random grain boundaries with lower cohesive energy (i.e., work for separation), smooth fracture surfaces without dimples or tear ridges, and no correlation between strain accumulation and subcrack formation indicate that hydrogen embrittlement of Ni–Cr bialloy is caused by decohesion mechanism, where hydrogen atoms lower cohesive energy at grain boundaries.