gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linearity of human commands for telerobotics (2002)

We identify frequency limitations on linearity in two-dimensional (2-D) motion for three subject groups: young (mean and /spl sigma/: 23/spl plusmn/3), old (72/spl plusmn/2), and movement-disabled (65/spl plusmn/16). The linearity of the relationship between input and output-i.e., between target tracking signals and resulting human upper extremity motion-is quantified using adaptive coherence estimation. We show that linearity decreases with input frequency. Old and disabled subjects' 2-D motion is almost completely nonlinear. Nonlinear filtering therefore will likely improve precision in rehabilitative and surgical teleoperation.
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (SFC-MS) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Conjugation of Short Peptides to Dibenzodiazepinone-Type Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligands Determines M2R Selectivity (2019)

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (MRs), comprising five subtypes (M<sub>1</sub>R-M<sub>5</sub>R) in humans, exhibit a high degree of structural similarity. Therefore, subtype-selective MR agonists and antagonists are lacking. We present an approach to highly M<sub>2</sub>R-selective MR antagonists based on the conjugation of di- or tripeptides to M<sub>2</sub>R-preferring dibenzodiazepinone-type MR antagonists. M<sub>2</sub>R selectivity was dependent on the peptide sequence and on the type of linker. The introduction of basic amino acids resulted in improved M<sub>2</sub>R selectivity (e.g., UR-AP148 (48): p K<sub>i</sub> (hM<sub>2</sub>R) of 8.97, ratio of K<sub>i</sub> M<sub>1</sub>R/M<sub>2</sub>R/M<sub>3</sub>R/M<sub>4</sub>R/M<sub>5</sub>R of 49:1:6500:60:400) compared to reported pyridobenzo- and dibenzodiazepinone-type MR ligands. A supposed dualsteric binding mode of the DIBA-peptide conjugates, such as 48, at MRs was supported by molecular dynamics simulations.
Homogeneous catheter for esophagus high-resolution manometry using fiber Bragg gratings (2010)

The high resolution manometry of the upper gastrointestinal tract is moving from research into clinical practice [1], [2]. Hence, there is a need for easy to use and patient friendly diagnosis devices for high resolution esophagus manometry. Besides established methods like perfusion manometry and solid state sensor manometry the use of optical fiber sensor catheters based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is gaining interest among physicians and medical equipment manufacturers [3], [4]. This paper presents design, prototyping and characterization of a fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor catheter. It uses a two layer polymer coating for the transformation of radial forces into axial strain of the optical fiber. The sensitivity with respect to pressure is in the range of 1 mmHg, the spatial resolution is provided by 32 sensors with a pitch of 10 mm. The coating technique is scalable to smaller diameters down to 0.5 mm and the flexibility is homogeneous over the whole length and can be adjusted by the choice of the coating materials.
True (2000)

Recent studies have revealed the evidence for the significance of SV40 genome in human malignancies. In this paper, the presence of SV40-like sequences was investigated in 54 Japanese osteosarcomas in which mutations of the retinoblastoma (Rb), p53, MDM2, and CDK4 genes had been already analysed. Using polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization, SV40-like sequences were detected in 25 cases (46.3%). In most cases, only a part of SV40 genome was detected, and the regulatory region containing enhancer sequences was most frequently found (21/54, 38.9%). There was no apparent relationship between the presence of SV40-like sequences and tumour suppressor genes mutations in each tumour. The SV40-like sequences were also detected in peripheral blood cells of substantial proportion of the patients (43.3%), whereas the incidence was much lower (4.7%) in normal healthy controls. This difference is statistically highly significant (P < 0.0001), suggesting that the presence of SV40-like sequences, even if only a part, may play some roles to predispose individuals to osteosarcoma.
3D QSAR studies of N-4-arylacryloylpiperazin-1-yl-phenyl-oxazolidinones: A novel class of antibacterial agents (2006)

Three-dimensional QSAR studies for N-4-arylacryloylpiperazin-1-yl-phenyl-oxazolidinones were conducted using TSAR 3.3. The in vitro activities (MICs) of the compounds against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 exhibited a strong correlation with the prediction made by the model developed in the present study.
A declarative approach to visualizing concurrent computations (1989)

The authors explore the graphical representation of objects and processes as a means for understanding programs consisting of large numbers of concurrent processes. Their goal is to establish a technical foundation for research into the monitoring and debugging of large-scale concurrent programs. They explain declarative visualization and introduce some shared-data-space concepts and notation by means of a simple, nondeterministic, parallel algorithm. They discuss visual abstraction and their visualization methodology, which they illustrate by applying it to region labeling. Thy examine the relaxation of nonintervention that visualization makes possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Assessing the quality and making appropriate use of historical negative control data: A report of the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing ( IWGT ) (2023)

Historical negative control data (HCD) have played an increasingly important role in interpreting the results of genotoxicity tests. In particular, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) genetic toxicology test guidelines recommend comparing responses produced by exposure to test substances with the distribution of HCD as one of three criteria for evaluating and interpreting study results (referred to herein as "Criterion C"). Because of the potential for inconsistency in how HCD are acquired, maintained, described, and used to interpret genotoxicity testing results, a workgroup of the International Workshops for Genotoxicity Testing was convened to provide recommendations on this crucial topic. The workgroup used example data sets from four in vivo tests, the Pig-a gene mutation assay, the erythrocyte-based micronucleus test, the transgenic rodent gene mutation assay, and the in vivo alkaline comet assay to illustrate how the quality of HCD can be evaluated. In addition, recommendations are offered on appropriate methods for evaluating HCD distributions. Recommendations of the workgroup are: When concurrent negative control data fulfill study acceptability criteria, they represent the most important comparator for judging whether a particular test substance induced a genotoxic effect. HCD can provide useful context for interpreting study results, but this requires supporting evidence that (i) HCD were generated appropriately, and (ii) their quality has been assessed and deemed sufficiently high for this purpose. HCD should be visualized before any study comparisons take place; graph(s) that show the degree to which HCD are stable over time are particularly useful. Qualitative and semi-quantitative assessments of HCD should also be supplemented with quantitative evaluations. Key factors in the assessment of HCD include: (i) the stability of HCD over time, and (ii) the degree to which inter-study variation explains the total variability observed. When animal-to-animal variation is the predominant source of variability, the relationship between responses in the study and an HCD-derived interval or upper bounds value (i.e., OECD Criterion C) can be used with a strong degree of confidence in contextualizing a particular study's results. When inter-study variation is the major source of variability, comparisons between study data and the HCD bounds are less useful, and consequentially, less emphasis should be placed on using HCD to contextualize a particular study's results. The workgroup findings add additional support for the use of HCD for data interpretation; but relative to most current OECD test guidelines, we recommend a more flexible application that takes into consideration HCD quality. The workgroup considered only commonly used in vivo tests, but it anticipates that the same principles will apply to other genotoxicity tests, including many in vitro tests.
Modeling intracranial electrodes. A simulation platform for the evaluation of localization algorithms (2022)

We successfully developed the first platform to model implanted intracranial grids, strips, and depth electrodes and realistically simulate thresholded CT artifacts and their noise. These methods provide a basis for developing more complex models, while simulations allow systematic evaluation of the performance of electrode localization techniques. The methods described in this article, and the results obtained from the simulations, are freely available via open repositories. A graphical user interface implementation is also accessible via the open-source iElectrodes toolbox.
Multi Parameters Effect on Thermohydraulic Instability in Natural Circulation Boiling Water Reactor during Startup (2004)

The purpose of the study is to experimentally investigate driving mechanism of major instabilities simulated in a natural circulation experimental loop, under a predetermined range of system operating pressure and inlet subcoolings. Pressure range of 0.1 up to 0.7MPa, input heat flux range of 0 up to 577kW/m2, and inlet subcoolings of 5, 10 and 15K respectively, are applied in the experiments. The objective of the study is to formulate a rational startup procedure, in which major thermohydraulic instabilities can be detected and prevented. The study clarifies that four (4) kinds of thermohydraulic instability might occur even up to a higher pressure of 0.7MPa. The instabilities' sequence is as follows: (1) geysering induced by condensation accompanied by flashing, (2) oscillation induced by hydrostatic head fluctuation, (3) density wave oscillations, and (4) flashing accompanying those instabilities. The experiments confirmed that the geysering region gets narrower and suppressed with the increased system pressure. With chimneys, natural circulation can be achieved reliably and more easily. However, the flashing in the chimney cannot be avoided at low system pressure. Stable two-phase natural circulation can be established if the system pressure is increased beyond 0.7MPa, after the high frequency density eave oscillation thoroughly suppressed. The experiments were analyzed based on frequency domain of each instability phenomenon.
Analysis of Expression of the Melanoma-Associated Antigens MART-1 and gp lOO in Metastatic Melanoma Cell Lines and in In Situ Lesions (1996)

MART-1 and gp100 melanoma associated antigens (MAA) are expressed by cells of the melanocytic lineage and are recognized by the majority of HLA-A2 restricted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Heterogeneity of expression of MAA in tumor deposits may affect the natural history or response to therapy of patients with melanoma. In this study, we evaluated the expression of these MAA with a new monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against MART-1 (M2-7C10) and the commercially available HMB45 mAb directed against gp100. Expression was tested in vitro by intracellular fluorescence analysis and in vivo by immunophenotyping of tissue specimens. Nine melanoma cell lines and 25 tissue specimens from metastatic melanoma were analyzed. One cell line did not express MART-1 or gp100. The expression of both antigens was more heterogeneous and significantly reduced (p < 0.01) in melanoma cell lines compared with melanocytes, suggesting progressive loss of expression of MAA by neoplastic cells. None of the nonmelanoma cancer lines tested stained for MART-1 or gp100. Analysis of melanoma lesions by immunohistochemistry showed significant heterogeneity of expression of both MART-1 and gp100 MAA either as a percentage of cells expressing MAA or as intensity of expression. Ten of 25 frozen sections expressed MART-1 in < 50% of the cells. In 6 of 25 lesions, immunoreactivity for MART-1 was totally absent. Fine needle aspiration of metastatic lesions seemed to yield information accurately about amount and heterogeneity of expression of MAA in tumor lesions in vivo. Heterogeneity of expression of MAA may be one of several mechanisms leading to tumor escape from immune recognition, and pretreatment evaluation of tumor lesion for expression of these antigens may help in selecting patients best suited to antigen-specific vaccine therapies.
Central and peripheral haemodynamic changes in post‐term fetuses: correlation with oligohydramnios and abnormal fetal heart rate pattern (1996)

The occurrence of oligohydramnios and abnormal FHR pattern in post-term fetuses appears to be associated with impaired fetal cardiac function. This finding should allow further investigations of post-term fetuses.
Self-Organization in Catalyst Layers of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2007)

Understanding the factors that control microstructure formation in catalyst layers (CLs) of polymer electrolyte fuel cells is of vital importance for improving the operation of these cells. Here, we employ, for the first time, coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to perform a structural analysis of the microphase segregation occurring during the fabrication process of CLs. Our mesoscale simulations provide insights into the structural correlations and dynamical behavior of different phases in the catalyst layer composite. This versatile computational study, moreover, rationalizes how the solvent used in catalyst layer fabrication influences the evolution of stable agglomerated conformations. In this realm, we evaluate dispersion media with distinct dielectric properties in view of capabilities for controlling the sizes of carbon/Pt agglomerates and ionomer domains and the resulting pore network topology. These insights are highly valuable for the structural design of catalyst layers with optimized performance and stability.
Control of helium accumulation by fishbones (1989)

It is well known that fishbone oscillations occur in the tokamak plasma at high {epsilon}{beta}p and in the presence of large hot trapped particle population. We adopt and extend the formalism of Chen et al. to analyze the trapped hot ion induced fishbones in the ITER-type plasma. Using the familiar assumptions like large assumptions like large aspect ratio and low beta, we considered the stability of the trapped-ion induced internal kink mode in the presence of alphas and one other species of hot ions.
Correction: Total synthesis of two potent anti-inflammatory macrolactones of the oxacyclododecindione type (2015)

Correction for ‘Total synthesis of two potent anti-inflammatory macrolactones of the oxacyclododecindione type’ by Johannes Tauber <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>Org. Biomol. Chem.</italic>, 2015, <bold>13</bold>, 7813–7821.
Aryl‐Diadamantyl Phosphine Ligands in Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions: Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Application (2020)

Synthesis, temperature‐dependent NMR structure investigation and utilization of a new, stable and easily accessible aryl‐diadamantylphosphine ligand family is reported. The bulky and electron‐rich phosphorus center of the ligand enhances the catalytic activity of palladium in cross‐coupling reactions of sterically demanding ortho ‐substituted aryl halides. In our study, we demonstrated the synthetic applicability of the new phosphine ligands in Buchwald‐Hartwig and tosyl hydrazone coupling reactions.
Low power programmable-gain CMOS distributed LNA for ultra-wideband applications (2005)

A design methodology is presented for low power distributed amplifiers and is used for the design of a 9 mW LNA with programmable gain implemented in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The LNA provides a gain of 8 /spl plusmn/ 0.6 dB from DC to 6.2 GHz, with an input match of -16 dB and an output match of -10 dB over the entire band. The IIP3 is +1.8 dBm, and the NF ranges from 4.2 to 6.2 dB. The gain is tunable from -10 dB to +8 dB while gain flatness and matching are maintained.
Room Temperature Ferromagnetism of Fe Doped Indium Tin Oxide Based on Dispersed Fe3O4 Nanoparticles (2007)

Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Fe3O4 nanoparticles with diameter of ≈200 nm dispersed in Fe doped indium tin oxide (Fe@ITO) powders exhibiting co-occurrence of room temperature ferromagnetism and superparamagnetism. Although we observed no X-ray diffraction peak from Fe related compounds for Fe0.19@ITO (ITO: In1.9Sn0.1O3) powders, the powders showed both hysteresis loop in field dependent magnetization at 300 K and divergence of zero-field-cooled magnetization from field-cooled magnetization. Scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy demonstrated that the nanoparticle with diameter of ≈200 nm consists of Fe and oxygen. Transmission electron diffraction revealed that crystal structure of the nanoparticle is inverse spinel type Fe3O4. The Fe3O4 crystalline phase by electron diffraction is consistent with the saturation magnetization of 1.3 µB/Fe and magnetic anomaly at ≈110 K observed for the powders.
Exploring Factors Underlying Ethnic Difference in Age-related Macular Degeneration Prevalence (2020)

Genetic susceptibility to AMD was higher in European compared to Chinese samples and explained more of the AMD risk difference between the two samples than the dietary factors investigated.
Isolation and Biological Evaluation of Filiformin, Plakortide F, and Plakortone G from the Caribbean Sponge Plakortis sp. (2001)

The bioassay- and spectroscopic-guided fractionation of the antimalarial extract from a Jamaican sponge, Plakortis sp., resulted in the isolation of three metabolites. The previously reported bromoaromatic filiformin (1) was obtained from our sample of Plakortis sp., and the potential origins of this compound are discussed. The peroxide-containing metabolite, plakortide F (2), is a more typical Plakortis metabolite and was shown to exhibit significant activity against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. The isolation, structure, and bioactivity of a new lactone, plakortone G (3), are also reported.
Antibacterial assesment of aroylhydrazone derivatives in vitro (2018)

Aroylhydrazones have attracted considerable attention for their wide range of biological activities, such as antibacterial, anti-fungal, antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties.1, 2, 3 Additionally, hydrazones as chelating agents were investigated as potential drugs for treatment of iron-overload associated diseases.4 In the present work, a group of 13 derivatives was studied for antibacterial activity, as a part of our investigations on aroylhydrazones. The Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and E. coli ATCC 10536 was used as a model strains. Modified serial and twofold microdilution method according to the EUCAST 5.1 recommendations was used to determine OD540 after incubation. MIC (as IC90) and IC50 was calculated as %viability/logconc ratio by non-linear regression and Gompertz equitation using GraphPad Prism 7.0. The tests were performed in triplicated and MIC (IC90) and IC50 presented as mean. Compounds 11 and 12 showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli strains with MICs between 33.02 and 104.9 μg/mL while 6 and 8 showed activity only against S. aureus with MICs range from 129.7 to 270.3 μg/mL. Compounds 2 and 10 were active only against E. coli with MIC values 55.58 and 50.47 μg/mL, respectively. IC50 values reveals that compounds 6, 8 and 11 exhibited strong bactericidal activity against S. aureus strain represented as IC50.
Supplementary Data S1, S2 from Dual Farnesyl and Geranylgeranyl Transferase Inhibitor Thwarts Mutant KRAS-Driven Patient-Derived Pancreatic Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. FGTI-2734 does not induce apoptosis in wild-type RAS human cancer cells and normal cells; Supplementary Figure 2. FGTI-2734 inhibits in vivo growth of PDXs from pancreatic cancer patients.&lt;/p&gt;
Inside Cover: Chemical Synthesis of an Erythropoietin Glycoform Containing a Complex‐type Disialyloligosaccharide (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 15/2012) (2012)

A homogeneous glycoprotein was prepared by the improved tert-Boc solid-phase peptide synthesis of acid-labile sialylglycopeptide α-thioesters, sophisticated peptide-coupling reactions, and native chemical ligation. In their Communication on page 3567 ff., Y. Kajihara and co-workers report the chemical synthesis of a homogeneous erythropoietin glycoform bearing a complex-type biantennary disialyloligosaccharide. This approach will open a new avenue for the investigation of oligosaccharide function.
Star-Shaped Azo-Based Dipolar Chromophores:  Design, Synthesis, Matrix Compatibility, and Electro-optic Activity (2004)

Three new azo-benzene-based push-pull chromophores with dendritic architecture were synthesized as active materials for electro-optic applications. These chromophores were synthesized in six or seven synthetic steps with an overall yield of around 80% per step and high purity. UV-vis spectroscopy showed significant influence of the transient dipole moment on the observed r(33) values. The chromophores were stable to photochemical oxidation in ambient light and air. The electrical poling conditions were optimized for each chromophore as the T(g) of the composite material varied significantly. The highest EO coefficient achieved was 22-25 pm/V at 1550 nm wavelength. STEM analysis of the blends enabled the correlation of the activity of these large chromophores with the blend morphology. An amorphous polycarbonate host effectively disperses the chromophores in 2-20 nm aggregates in the active materials. However, macrophase separation into 200-500 nm aggregates was observed in a methacrylate host matrix.
Cell Adhesion Molecules: Potential Therapeutic and Diagnostic Implications (2004)

The role of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in various pathological processes, including angiogenesis, thrombosis, apoptosis, cell migration, and proliferation, is well-documented. These processes can lead to both acute and chronic disease states such as ocular diseases, metastasis, unstable angina (UA), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, osteoporosis, a wide range of inflammatory diseases, vascular remodeling, and neurodegenerative disorders. One key milestone in this field is evident from the potential role of the platelet GPIIb/IIIa integrin in the prevention and diagnosis of various thromboembolic disorders. Additionally, soluble adhesion molecules as potential diagnostic markers for acute and chronic leukocyte, platelet, and endothelial cellular insult are increasingly utilized. In this chapter, the development of various therapeutic and diagnostic candidates based on the key role of CAM—with special emphasis on integrins in various diseases as well as the structure-function aspects of cell adhesion and signaling of the different CAM and ECM—is highlighted.