gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic Adsorption of Cytochromecon Ultrathin ZrO2-Gel Layers and Preparation of Alternate Multilayers (2003)

Positively charged proteins are electrostatically adsorbed on ultrathin metal oxide gel layers that are prepared by the surface sol−gel process. This feature was applied to assembly of multilayer films of cytochrome c (Cyt.c) and zirconium oxide. Regular growth of the alternate multilayer was verified by UV−vis absorption spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance measurements. The ZrO2-gel layer was uniformly covered by the Cyt.c at pH 10.0 with a thickness of 2.4 nm for the protein layer. An excess amount of Cyt.c was adsorbed at pH 7.0 to produce globular aggregates on the ZrO2-gel layer, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Cyt.c showed weak adsorption at pH 4.0, since the ZrO2-gel layer had only a slight negative charge. When the ZrO2-gel layer was modified with octadecyltriethoxysilane, irreversible deposition of denatured Cyt.c was observed. In contrast, the ZrO2-gel covered by an ultrathin poly(vinyl alcohol) layer adsorbed Cyt.c without denaturation. Such Cyt.c molecules were readily desorbed by changing pH to above the isoelectric point. The surface sol−gel process provides a convenient method to immobilize water-soluble proteins through moderate electrostatic attraction.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from CYP27A1 Loss Dysregulates Cholesterol Homeostasis in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Reagents and cell culture conditions. Methods for bioinformatics analysis, CYP27A1 IHC, caspase assays and 27HC measurements.&lt;/p&gt;
Building a National Service in a Multilingual Environment. (2002)

The National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS), Library of Congress, administers a free national library program of Braille and recorded materials for eligible individuals residing in the United States or for citizens living abroad. Under a special provision of the U.S. copyright law and with the permission of authors and publishers of works not covered by the provision, NLS selects and produces full-length books and magazines in Braille and recorded formats. Reading materials and necessary audio equipment are distributed to a cooperating network of regional and local libraries where they are then circulated directly to eligible borrowers. This paper discusses the NLS in three main sections. The first section, Background, discusses funding; eligibility; book collection; magazines; equipment and accessories; music services; volunteer services; Braille competency; reference; consumer relations; and research and development. The second section focuses on non-English materials: production; Spanish-language collection; bibliographic control; service to Spanish-speaking users in the U.S.; and the foreign language plan. The last section discusses international cooperation. (AEF) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. National Libtary Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped The Ubiary of Congress 1291 Taylor Street NW, Washington, DC 20542; telephone (202) 707-5100; fax (202) 707-0712; Internet nls@loc.gov Building a National Service in a Multilingual Environment Frank Kurt Cylke Director National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped Library of Congi.ess www.loc.gov/nIs ACCOMMODATING ALL CONFERENCE The Association of Caribbean University Research and Institutional Libraries and The International Federation of Library Associations Section of Libraries for the Blind Ocho Rios, Jamaica May 25, 2002 BEST COPY AVAILABLE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) / This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.
Novel Composite Cathodes for Metal-Air Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Effects of Altered Crystalline Structure and Increased Initial Compressive Strength of Calcium Sulfate Bone Graft Substitute Pellets on New Bone Formation (2004)

A new, modified calcium sulfate has been developed with a different crystalline structure and a compressive strength similar to many calcium phosphate materials, but with a resorption profile only slightly slower than conventional surgical-grade calcium sulfate. A canine bilateral defect model was used to compare restoration of defects treated with the modified calcium sulfate compared to treatment using conventional calcium sulfate pellets after 6, 13, and 26 weeks. The modified calcium sulfate pellets were as effective as conventional calcium sulfate pellets with regard to the area fraction and compressive strength of newly formed bone in the treated bone defects. Mechanical testing demonstrated that the initial compressive strength of the modified material was increased nearly three-fold compared to that of conventional surgical-grade calcium sulfate. This increase potentially allows for its use in a broader range of clinical applications, such as vertebral and subchondral defects.
Asymmetric double-layer charging in a cylindrical nanopore under closed confinement (2020)

This article presents a physical-mathematical treatment and numerical simulations of electric double layer charging in a closed, finite, and cylindrical nanopore of circular cross section, embedded in a polymeric host with charged walls and sealed at both ends by metal electrodes under an external voltage bias. Modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations were used to account for finite ion sizes, subject to an electroneutrality condition. The time evolution of the formation and relaxation of the double layers was explored. Moreover, equilibrium ion distributions and differential capacitance curves were investigated as functions of the pore surface charge density, electrolyte concentration, ion sizes, and pore size. Asymmetric properties of the differential capacitance curves reveal that the structure of the double layer near each electrode is controlled by the charge concentration along the pore surface and by charge asymmetry in the electrolyte. These results carry implications for accurately simulating cylindrical capacitors and electroactuators.
Discovery of Different Types of Inhibition between the Human and Thermotoga maritima α-Fucosidases by Fuconojirimycin-Based Derivatives (2006)

An efficient method for examining the selectivity of inhibitors on two alpha-fucosidases, one from Thermotoga maritima and the other from human, was established. The X-ray crystal structure of the former enzyme makes possible the homology modeling of the human alpha-fucosidase, indicating the major difference between both enzymes in the periphery of the catalytic site. To investigate the difference at the molecular level, a variety of fuconojirimycin (FNJ) derivatives with substitution at C1, C2, C6, or N were rapidly prepared in microplates and screened without purification for the inhibition activities of the two alpha-fucosidases. Among the molecules that were tested, only the substitution at C1 can significantly enhance the inhibitory potency, in contrast to the control (no substitution) and compounds with substitution at other positions. The majority of C1-substituted FNJs were found to be slow tight-binding inhibitors of the Thermotoga enzyme, while acting as the reversible inhibitors of the human fucosidase. The best inhibitor exhibited 13,700-fold difference in affinity between the two enzymes, which was attributed to the dissimilar aglycon binding site. Further investigations were carried out, including site-directed mutagenesis, the comparison of K(i) values among the wild type and mutants, and the intrinsic fluorescence change upon inhibitor titration, all supporting the idea that Tyr64 and Tyr267 of the Thermotoga alpha-fucosidase are critically involved in closely interacting with the aglycon of inhibitors. The increased level of contact thus induced conformational change, leading to the observed slow tight-binding inhibition.
THE DEFORMABLE BARRIER, A REALISTIC EXTENSION OF OFFSET TESTING (1993)

Accident analyses show that in most of the frontal car-to-car collisions the stiffer zones such as the engine and the front end structures do not overlap, affecting the softer zones of the impacting cars. Therefore, the amount of energy absorbed in both longitudinal members is relatively low. For this reason and in order to increase the effort spent on a realistic frontal test procedure, Mercedes-Benz is extending its offset test program by a test against a deformable barrier. Since the deformable element according to FMVSS 214 is well known and validated, this Honeycomb element was chosen for this purpose. The force/deflection characteristics of this element represent the stiffness of the front end of a medium to full-size car. First, results show that the vehicle deformation patterns are very similar to those found in the course of real-world accidents. Another important result is that the degree of overlap does not greatly influence the load on the occupants. In contrast, the tests against a rigid offset barrier are very sensitive to different degrees of overlap. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 860654.
Electrostatic Coalescence Under Flowing Conditions : A Study of the Effect of a High Electric AC Field on the Efficiency of Two Demulsifiers (2007)

Crude oil is the primary source for energy in the world and serves as the raw material for many daily products. Two topics, important in the daily processing of crude oils, are treated in this thesis. Water-in-oil emulsions must be broken to obtain the desired quality of the crude oil delivered to the refineries with respect to water and salt content and asphaltenes are of concern at all stages of the recovery, transportation and processing of crude oils. The work has been of experimental nature and the results are reported in journal papers and manuscripts.A lab-scale continuous separation rig was constructed and later equipped with a compact electro coalescer. The results show that water cut and pressure drop affect the droplet size distribution of water-in-oil emulsions. Moreover, two demulsifiers were tested on crude oil emulsions under high electric fields. The study indicated that it is not trivial which type of demulsifier to choose when an electric field is applied in combination with chemical destabilization.Hansen solubility parameters for solvents and binary mixtures were correlated to infrared and near infrared spectra by partial least squares regression. Regression coefficients and errors of validation indicated that the regressions and predictions were good. The models were used to predict solubility parameters for crude oils and SARA fractions and the values obtained were in range of what has been reported in the literature.Asphaltenes were separated into several solubility fractions directly from the crude oil by stepwise addition and precipitation by n-pentane. The solubility fractions had very different properties with regard to aggregation onset and interfacial activity which to a certain degree were explained by the differences found in the average size and molecular structures of the fractions. It was shown that the less soluble fractions consisted of molecules with larger average molecular weight, higher aromaticity and more polar aromatic cores. For the more soluble fractions results indicated that the substituted alkyl side chains on the aromatic cores were more branched and contained more of the hydroxylic and carboxylic groups, which again could explain the higher interfacial activity. Experiments also suggested that neither the least nor the most soluble of the asphaltenes under investigation were the ones with the highest interfacial activity, but a middle fraction. The findings suggest the need for looking into solubility fractions of asphaltene in further research and compare with the asphaltenes found in deposits or obtained from pressure drop experiments.
Shigella IpaA Binding to Talin Stimulates Filopodial Capture and Cell Adhesion (2019)

The Shigella type III effector IpaA contains three binding sites for the focal adhesion protein vinculin (VBSs), which are involved in bacterial invasion of host cells. Here, we report that IpaA VBS3 unexpectedly binds to talin. The 2.5 Å resolution crystal structure of IpaA VBS3 in complex with the talin H1-H4 helices shows a tightly folded α-helical bundle, which is in contrast to the bundle unraveling upon vinculin interaction. High-affinity binding to talin H1-H4 requires a core of hydrophobic residues and electrostatic interactions conserved in talin VBS H46. Remarkably, IpaA VBS3 localizes to filopodial distal adhesions enriched in talin, but not vinculin. In addition, IpaA VBS3 binding to talin was required for filopodial adhesions and efficient capture of Shigella. These results point to the functional diversity of VBSs and support a specific role for talin binding by a subset of VBSs in the formation of filopodial adhesions.
Creating Audio Products With Maximum End-User Value (2020)

The value assigned by the end user to a loudspeaker, headphone, or any other audio device determines his purchase decision and the success of the product in the market. The paper investigates the relationship between end-user value, performance characteristics, cost structure, and the particular design. A model based on modified benefit-cost ratio is presented that describes the impact (sensitivity) of the performance characteristics on the end-user value. The performance sensitivity is a central and powerful term in audio engineering because it links physical, perceptual, and economical quantities. This new concept is applied to all phases of the product life and addresses open questions such as defining the optimum target performance, selecting design choices, increasing the yield rate in production, and ensuring reliability and quality in the final application.
3D Accelerating Electromagnetic Waves (2013)

We present electromagnetic three-dimensional spatially accelerating waves whose transverse profiles propagate along semicircular trajectories while approximately preserving their shape. Our results allow the generation of accelerating waves with novel transverse distributions, broadening their application even further.
2×2×35L mm3 rod-type periodically-poled 1.0 mol% MgO-doped stoichiometric LiTaO3 for optical parametric oscillation (2004)

A rod-type periodically-poled MgO-doped stoichiometric lithium tantalate with a standard size of 2×2×35 mm3 was fabricated. The slope efficiency of total output power was ~ 70 % even at room temperature without exhibiting photorefraction.
Extending the Lifetime of Oil and Gas Equipment with Corrosion and Erosion-Resistant Ni-B-Nanodiamond Metal-Matrix-Nanocomposite Coatings (2016)

The increasing pressure to eliminate hard chromium in oil and gas applications because of environmental concerns related to hexavalent chromium has fueled the need for substitutes with comparable economics and performance. Nickel (Ni) presents a viable alternative coating material, which is widely used in industrial applications over the past five decades because of its unique characteristics in improving resistance to corrosion, abrasion and wear. Performance of Ni-based coatings can be further improved with the development of metal-matrix-nanocomposite coatings (MMnC). This paper presents the development of a new class of MMnCs prepared by electrolytic deposition. The nanocomposite coatings are formed by the simultaneous impingement of the nanoparticles onto the growth surface and the envelopment of said particles by the depositing Ni ions. In this new process, the metal matrix comprises Ni-B compositions produced with a nontraditional Boron (B) source, which enables higher B-contents in the matrix, resulting in superior hardness and resistance to corrosion. Incorporation of diamond nanoparticles into the matrix improves resistance to wear without negatively affecting the corrosion resistance. Dispersed nanodiamond decreases the grain size of Ni-B matrix and improves the mechanical properties of the coatings. Ultimately, size, nature and content of particles dispersed in the matrix determine the properties of the coatings. This paper describes the impact that Boron and nanodiamond incorporated in the matrix have on the growth, microstructure, corrosion and mechanical properties of the new class of metal-matrix nanocomposite coatings. Experimental results also show that this material outperforms current commercially available electroless Ni-B coatings. The novel coatings presented extend the lifetime of equipment used in corrosive and erosive environments in the exploration and production of oil and gas.
Evidence of Molecular Structure Dependent Charge Transfer between Isoindigo-Based Polymers and Fullerene (2016)

The effects of the oligothiophene length of two thiophene-isoindigo copolymers on film morphology, charge transfer, and photovoltaic device performance are reported. Despite the similarities in their repeat unit structures, the two polymers show distinctly different film morphologies and photovoltaic performance upon blending with PC71BM. We found that there is a significant increase in the dielectric constant of the photoactive film upon blending fullerene with the polymer that exhibits a higher power conversion efficiency. Blend photoluminescence transients revealed a fast dissociation route in the better performing polymer followed by a slower decay. The fast decay in transient PL is attributed to a higher charge transfer efficiency when blending with the fullerene. We suggest that the charge transfer efficiency is determined not only by the microscopic morphology but also whether the polymer can accommodate the fullerene molecules in close proximity to the acceptor moiety to facilitate electronic coupling between the isoindigo acceptor and the fullerene molecule. We propose that the fast decay component seen in transient PL for the better performing polymer, along with the increase in dielectric constant, is a signature of enhanced electronic coupling between the polymer and the fullerene. The enhanced electronic coupling is thought to originate from a polymer chemical structure which allows the fullerene molecules to come to closer proximity for more efficient charge transfer.
Digital Media Indexing on the Cell Processor (2007)

We present a case study of developing a digital media indexing application, code-named MARVEL, on the STI cell broadband engine (CBE) processor. There are two aspects of the target application that require significant computing power: image analysis for feature extraction, and support vector machine (SVM) based pattern classification for concept detection. We discuss the mapping of a large application like MARVEL onto a multicore processor, and show how feature extraction and concept detection can be implemented on the CBE. We discuss how the synergistic processing units of a CBE can be used to gain dramatic performance improvements. The empirical results of our experiments, conducted on a Cell blade running at 3.2 GHz, show that the CBE provides a significant performance speed-up in our digital media indexing application.
Evaluation of the Dynamic Interfacial Tension between Viscoelastic Surfactant Solutions and Oil Using Porous Micromodels (2022)

Interfacial tension (IFT) is a crucial parameter in many natural and industrial processes, such as enhanced oil recovery and subsurface energy storage. IFT determines how easy the fluids can pass through pore throats and hence will decide how much residual fluids will be left behind. Here, we use a porous glass micromodel to investigate the dynamic IFT between oil and Armovis viscoelastic surfactant (VES) solution based on the concept of drop deformation while passing through a pore throat. Three different concentrations of VES, that is, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.25% vol% prepared using 57 K ppm synthetic seawater, were used in this study. The rheology obtained using a rheometer at ambient temperature showed zero shear viscosity of 325, 1101, and 1953 cP for 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.25% VES, respectively, with a power-law region between 2 and 50 1/s. The dynamic IFT increases with the shear rate and then reaches a plateau. The results of IFT were compared with those obtained from the spinning drop method, which shows 97% accuracy for 1.25% VES, whereas the accuracy decreased to 65% for 0.75 VES and 51% for 0.5% VES. The findings indicate that we can reliably estimate the IFT of VES at higher concentrations directly during multiphase flow in porous micromodels without the need to perform separate experiments and wait for a long time to reach equilibrium.
Functional porous composites by blending with solution-processable molecular pores (2016)

We present a simple method for rendering non-porous materials porous by solution co-processing with organic cage molecules. This method can be used both for small functional molecules and for polymers, thus creating porous composites by molecular blending, rather than the more traditional approach of supporting functional molecules on pre-frabricated porous supports.
Design considerations and performance evaluation of the Virginia Integrated Solar Test Arrays (1988)

The Virginia Integrated Solar Test Arrays (VISTA) facility was built and is operated by Virginia Power. This 60 kWp (rated) AC photovoltaic (PV) facility consists of three separate 20 kWp AC subfield of different designs providing an opportunity to compare full systems of various tracking mechanisms and cell technologies at one site. Subfield A is comprised of polycrystalline modules arranged on two-axis tracking structures. Subfield B is comprised of polycrystalline modules arranged on fixed-axis structures. Subfield C has single crystal modules and is fixed. At the VISTA facility, commercial-size PV arrays have been interconnected with the grid. This facility has been operational since December 1985, and on-site data collection is ongoing since June 1986. In addition to the design perspective and the system description, the summary of the on-site data collected between June 1986 and March 1987 are presented. It is observed that, over this period, the array and power conditioning until power-conditioning-unit (PCU) efficiencies match closely with design values, and the energy availability factor ranges from 34.80% to 39.99%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bistatic radar cross section for a perfectly conducting rhombus-shaped flat plate: simulations and measurements (1993)

The bistatic radar cross section of a perfectly conducting flat plate with a rhombus shape (equilateral parallelogram) is investigated with simulations and measurements. A moment method surface patch formulation is used to compute the bistatic radar cross section of a 88.9-cm-long (35-in.-long) by 68.58-cm-wide (27-in.-wide) rhombus plate at 1.3 GHz over a wide range of bistatic angles. Important considerations of the bistatic measurements are described. It is shown that the simulations and measurements are in good agreement in terms of the copolarized and cross-polarized bistatic radar cross-section patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>