gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Area Deposition of Hot Filament CVD Diamond on 100 mm MOCVD Grown AlGaN/GaN Wafers (2019)

A new technique is reported for selective growth of polycrystalline diamond by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) on AlGaN/GaN-on-Si (111) wafers without degradation of the underlying layers. Selective diamond seeding is accomplished by dispersing nanodiamond seeds in photoresist and patterned lithographically prior to HFCVD growth. A thin layer of plasma enhanced CVD SiNx, deposited prior to seeding and diamond deposition, was found to be essential to protect the AlGaN/GaN wafer. A methane concentration of 3.0% was used to achieve an increased diamond growth rate and faster surface coverage. Excellent selectivity and minimal AlGaN surface damage were achieved with increased methane concentration. Damage mitigation was confirmed by comparison of atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, each conducted before and after diamond deposition, and by SEM images of the final structures.
Correction: Design and chemoproteomic functional characterization of a chemical probe targeted to bromodomains of BET family proteins (2014)

Correction for ‘Design and chemoproteomic functional characterization of a chemical probe targeted to bromodomains of BET family proteins’ by Jiang Wu <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>Med. Chem. Commun.</italic>, 2014, <bold>5</bold>, 1871–1878.
[NEt4][AuCl2][AuCl3]: Solid‐State Evidence of Essentially Y‐Shaped Jahn–Teller‐Distorted AuCl3 (2006)

Since publication of this Communication, it has come to the authors' attention that the crystallographically determined structure of [NEt4][HgCl2][HgCl3] has been described previously (Acta Cryst. E 2002, 58, m534). The cell parameters and structural data are consistent with those of the compound that the authors reported as being [NEt4][AuCl2][AuCl3]. Clearly the structure of the mercury compound as an impurity in the reaction product has been determined. Thus, all the conclusions drawn from this data are invalid, although several gold-containing products were derived from the reaction in high overall yields. Accordingly, the authors withdraw this Communication, apologize for these mistakes and that the readership of Angewandte Chemie has been misled by the publication of this Communication. They would like to thank Prof. H. Schmidbaur for initially drawing their attention to this matter.
Formation of Defect-Free Latex Films on Porous Fiber Supports (2011)

We present here the creation of a defect-free polyvinylidene chloride barrier layer on the lumen-side of a hollow fiber sorbent. Hollow fiber sorbents have previously been shown to be promising materials for enabling low-cost CO(2) capture, provided a defect-free lumen-side barrier layer can be created. Film experiments examined the effect of drying rate, latex age, substrate porosity (porous vs nonporous), and substrate hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity. Film studies show that in ideal conditions (i.e., slow drying, fresh latex, and smooth nonporous substrate), a defect-free film can be formed, whereas the other permutations of the variables investigated led to defective films. These results were extended to hollow fiber sorbents, and despite using fresh latex and relatively slow drying conditions, a defective lumen-side layer resulted. XRD and DSC indicate that polyvinylidene chloride latex develops crystallinity over time, thereby inhibiting proper film formation as confirmed by SEM and gas permeation. This and other key additional challenges associated with the porous hollow fiber substrate vs the nonporous flat substrate were overcome. By employing a toluene-vapor saturated drying gas (a swelling solvent for polyvinylidene chloride) a defect-free lumen-side barrier layer was created, as investigated by gas and water vapor permeation.
Lead Identification to Clinical Candidate Selection: Drugs for Chagas Disease (2014)

Chagas disease affects 8 million people worldwide and remains a main cause of death due to heart failure in Latin America. The number of cases in the United States is now estimated to be 300,000, but there are currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs available for patients with Chagas disease. To fill this gap, we have established a public-private partnership between the University of California, San Francisco and the Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) with the goal of delivering clinical candidates to treat Chagas disease. The discovery phase, based on the screening of more than 160,000 compounds from the GNF Academic Collaboration Library, led to the identification of new anti-Chagas scaffolds. Part of the screening campaign used and compared two screening methods, including a colorimetric-based assay using Trypanosoma cruzi expressing β-galactosidase and an image-based, high-content screening (HCS) assay using the CA-I/72 strain of T. cruzi. Comparing molecules tested in both assays, we found that ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors had greater potency in the colorimetric assay than in the HCS assay. Both assays were used to inform structure-activity relationships for antiparasitic efficacy and pharmacokinetics. A new anti-T. cruzi scaffold derived from xanthine was identified, and we describe its development as lead series.
Synthesis of Quinazolines as Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2009)

In the present review, the discovery and development of quinazoline as tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been described. The synthesis of most potent quinazoline inhibitors of EGFR, VEGFR and PDGRF has been discussed. Structure activity relationship for quinazoline as tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been established. It was found that C-4, C-6 and C-7 positions in quinazoline are appropriate sites for designing new tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review should help the medicinal chemist in designing more effective tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
20 kV, 2 cm<sup>2</sup>, 4H-SiC gate turn-off thyristors for advanced pulsed power applications (2013)

The need for high voltage solid-state power electronic devices for advanced power distribution and energy conversion has grown rapidly in recent years, especially for pulsed power applications that require high turn-on di/dt. However, current power converters built with silicon (Si) switches are quite bulky and inefficient, making their utilization difficult in practical energy conversion and power distribution systems. The development of high-voltage power devices based on wide bandgap semiconductor such as silicon carbide (SiC) has attracted great attention due to its superior material properties over silicon. Among the high-voltage SiC power devices, SiC gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) offers excellent current handling, very high voltage blocking, and fast turn-off capabilities. SiC GTO also exhibits lower forward voltage drop than the IGBT-based switch at high injection-level currents, resulting in lower power losses during normal operation. In this paper, we report our recently developed 2 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , 20 kV SiC p-type gate turnoff GTO thyristor with very low differential on-resistance for advanced pulsed power applications.
Bipolar-switching operated phase change memory (PCM) for improved high-temperature reliability (2016)

Phase change memory (PCM) has reached the status of mature technology for stand-alone, embedded, and storage-class memory (SCM). A key requirement for these applications is stability at high temperature (T) during soldering, packaging and operation. To this aim, new materials and algorithms to improve reliability are essential. Here we demonstrate bipolar switching in PCM resulting in low-current operation and excellent high-T reliability. DC and pulsed switching characteristics are explained by ion migration in the chalcogenide layer, as supported by TEM and T-dependent studies. Excellent reliability at high T is demonstrated and explained by a physical model.
The Costs of Open and Closed Access (2016)

The Open Access movement in scientific publishing has been gathering momentum in the European Union and its member states, partly due to the policies of some of its main research funders. Already we have seen encouraging research results on the effects of openness on the dissemination of scientific outputs. As business models of Open Access publishing are still under development, the aim of our paper is to assess the statistical tools and data that the Finnish libraries currently have for comparing the costs associated with different modes of disseminating scientific publications. We will also analyse the potential costs associated with Open Access publishing models and compare them with the current cost structure of – mostly – paywalled (PW) access. The discussion will include a description of current Finnish Open Access policies and their funding models. The financial analysis will be based on the statistical data found in the national Research Library Statistics database and the Finnish National Research Publications database, Juuli. We will discuss the alternatives on how best to develop statistical tools to estimate the true costs of scientific publishing.
A CMOS 32b Wallace tree multiplier-accumulator (1986)

A 32b integer multiplier-accumulator chip with 56ns cycle time will be described. Automated placement, routing and cell compilation was used on a 2μm CMOS IC which dissipates 1W.
Proteome analysis of recombinant xylose‐fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2003)

Introduction of an active xylose utilization pathway into Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which does not naturally ferment pentose sugars, is likely to have a major impact on the overall cellular metabolism as the carbon introduced to the cells will now flow through the pentose phosphate pathway. The metabolic responses in the recombinant xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae were studied at the proteome level by comparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cellular proteins within a pH range of 3-10. Glucose-limited chemostat cultivations and corresponding chemostat cultivations performed in media containing xylose as the major carbon source were compared. The cultivations were studied in aerobic and anaerobic metabolic steady states and in addition at time points 5, 30 and 60 min after the switch-off of oxygen supply. We identified 22 proteins having a significant abundance difference on xylose compared to glucose, and 12 proteins that responded to change from aerobic to anaerobic conditions on both carbon sources. On xylose in all conditions studied, major changes were seen in the abundance of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (Adh2p), acetaldehyde dehydrogenases 4 and 6 (Ald4p and Ald6p), and DL-glycerol 3-phosphatase (Gpp1p). Our results give indications of altered metabolic fluxes especially in the acetate and glycerol pathways in cells growing on xylose compared to glucose.
k-POD: A Method fork-Means Clustering of Missing Data (2015)

The k-means algorithm is often used in clustering applications but its usage requires a complete data matrix. Missing data, however, are common in many applications. Mainstream approaches to clustering missing data reduce the missing data problem to a complete data formulation through either deletion or imputation but these solutions may incur significant costs. Our k-POD method presents a simple extension of k-means clustering for missing data that works even when the missingness mechanism is unknown, when external information is unavailable, and when there is significant missingness in the data.[Received November 2014. Revised August 2015.]
Up‐regulation of tissue‐type transglutaminase after traumatic  brain injury (2002)

Tissue-type transglutaminase (tTG, EC 2.3.2.13) has been implicated in various disease paradigms including neurodegenerative disease. In these studies, tTG induction after traumatic brain injury was studied using a rat cortical impact model. Using western blots, two forms of tTG protein expression were identified--an approximately 79-kDa primary form (tTG-L) and a less abundant approximately 70-kDa form (tTG-S). Both forms of tTG protein were elevated after injury. In ipsilateral cortex, peak induction of tTG-L protein [561% +/- 80% of control (n = 5)] was observed five days after injury, with expression remaining elevated after two weeks. Peak induction of tTG-S protein [302% +/- 81% of control (n = 5)] was observed three days after injury. Lesser tTG protein induction was observed in hippocampus. Northern blot analysis demonstrated two tTG transcripts in the ipsilateral cortex with peak induction of tTG-L mRNA three days after injury. However, tTG-S mRNA was not identified in control samples and only faintly detected in injured tissue. To facilitate analysis of low abundance transcripts in smaller tissue samples, a semiquantitative real-time PCR strategy was used. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis of tTG-L mRNA induction in ipsilateral cortex (peak after three days; 414% +/- 21% of control, n = 3) confirmed tTG-L mRNA induction determined by northern blot (410% of control).
Fischer-Tropsch SSITKA experiments over hcp and fcc Co/Al2O3 (2015)

International @ ING+ERE:PFO:YSC
Intelligent controlled shunt active power filter for voltage and current harmonic compensation in microgrid system (2018)

An integrated microgrid with a novel shunt active power filter (APF) using Elman neural network (ENN) is proposed in this study. The microgrid consists of a storage system, a photovoltaic (PV) system, the shunt APF, a linear load, and a nonlinear load. Moreover, the master/slave control algorithm is adopted in the microgrid. The storage system, which is considered as the master unit, is adopted to control the active and reactive power outputs (P/Q control) in grid-connected mode and the voltage and frequency of the microgrid (V/f control) in islanded mode. Furthermore, the PV system is considered as the slave unit to implement P/Q control in both grid-connected and islanded modes. In addition, the proposed shunt APF possesses dual functions of voltage and current harmonic compensation for microgrid under voltage harmonic propagation and nonlinear load to reduce the voltage and current total harmonic distortions (THD) effectively. Additionally, an ENN controller is adopted in the proposed shunt APF to improve the transient and steady-state responses of DC-link voltage during the switching between the grid-connected mode and islanded mode. Finally, some simulation results are provided to verify the feasibility and the effectiveness of the integrated microgrid with the intelligent controlled shunt APF.
Enhancing TCP performance with a load‐adaptive RED mechanism (2001)

Abstract This paper describes a technique for enhancing the effectiveness of RED by dynamically changing the threshold settings as the number of connections (and system load) changes. Using this technique, routers and switches can effectively control packet losses and TCP timeouts while maintaining high link utilization. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical behaviour of curvilinear elastic fibers: An energy approach (2009)

An energy approach for the analysis of the mechanical response of three-dimensional elastic curvilinear fibers is proposed. Equivalent tangent stiffnesses and compliances are defined relating generalized displacements with applied loads in terms of both direct and mutual moduli. Many numerical&#13;\napplications are developed in order to investigate about the influence of fiber geometric parameters, addressing also&#13;\nlarge-displacement cases by means of an incremental formulation. Finally, considering planar fibers, explicit relationships for tangent and secant equivalent along-the-chord elastic moduli are&#13;\ndeduced, leading to useful and direct expressions for the analysis and the design of composite materials reinforced by curvilinear elastic fibers.
Opposite carrier dynamics and optical absorption characteristics under external electric field in nonpolar vs polar InGaN/GaN based quantum heterostructures (2011)

We report on the electric field dependent carrier dynamics and optical absorption in nonpolar a-plane GaN-based quantum heterostructures grown on r-plane sapphire, which are surprisingly observed to be opposite to those polar ones of the same materials system and similar structure grown on c-plane. Confirmed by their time-resolved photoluminescence measurements and numerical analyses, we show that carrier lifetimes increase with increasing external electric field in nonpolar InGaN/GaN heterostructure epitaxy, whereas exactly the opposite occurs for the polar epitaxy. Moreover, we observe blue-shifting absorption spectra with increasing external electric field as a result of reversed quantum confined Stark effect in these polar structures, while we observe red-shifting absorption spectra with increasing external electric field because of standard quantum confined Stark effect in the nonpolar structures. We explain these opposite behaviors of external electric field dependence with the changing overlap of electron and hole wavefunctions in the context of Fermi's golden rule.
Stark: Optimizing In-Memory Computing for Dynamic Dataset Collections (2017)

Emerging distributed in-memory computing frameworks, such as Apache Spark, can process a huge amount of cached data within seconds. This remarkably high efficiency requires the system to well balance data across tasks and ensure data locality. However, it is challenging to satisfy these requirements for applications that operate on a collection of dynamically loaded and evicted datasets. The dynamics may lead to time-varying data volume and distribution, which would frequently invoke expensive data re-partition and transfer operations, resulting in high overhead and large delay. To address this problem, we present Stark, a system specifically designed for optimizing in-memory computing on dynamic dataset collections. Stark enforces data locality for transformations spanning multiple datasets (e.g., join and cogroup) to avoid unnecessary data replications and shuffles. Moreover, to accommodate fluctuating data volume and skeweddata distribution, Stark delivers elasticity into partitions to balance task execution time andreduce job makespan. Finally, Stark achieves bounded failure recovery latency byoptimizing the data checkpointing strategy. Evaluations on a 50-server cluster show that Stark reduces the job makespan by 4X and improves system throughput by 6X compared to Spark.
Approaches to the Design of Radiation‐Sensitive Polymeric Imaging Systems with Improved Sensitivity and Resolution (1986)

In this paper the design of radiation sensitive polymeric imaging systems is reviewed. Advances in design have led to systems that function on the basis of radiation‐induced changes in the polarity of polymer repeating units rather than cross‐linking. These new systems offer improved resolution, since they do not swell during development. Improvement in sensitivity has been achieved by designing systems that incorporate chemical amplification. The design principles leading to amplification and examples of systems that demonstrate amplification are presented.
Session details: Medical applications of genetic and evolutionary computation (MedGEC'13) (2013)

No abstract available.
Generating Diverse Skeletons of Small Molecules Combinatorially (2003)

Lack of efficient access to collections of synthetic compounds that have skeletal diversity is a key bottleneck in the small-molecule discovery process. We report a synthesis strategy that involves transforming substrates with different appendages that pre-encode skeletal information, named sigma elements, into products that have different skeletons with the use of common reaction conditions. With this approach, split-pool synthesis can be used to pre-encode skeletal diversity combinatorially and thereby generate such small molecules very efficiently. A split-pool synthesis of more than 1000 compounds produced overlapping, combinatorial matrices of molecular skeletons and appended building blocks in both enantiomeric and diastereomeric forms.
A New Recombinant Multiepitope Chimeric Protein of Leptospira interrogans Is a Promising Marker for the Serodiagnosis of Leptospirosis (2022)

The zoonotic disease leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic species of the genus <i>Leptospira</i> and was recently included in the list of Neglected Diseases by the World Health Organization. Leptospirosis burden is estimated to have over a million human cases and cause 60 thousand deaths annually, in addition to its economic impact and veterinary concern. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT), recommended by the World Health Organization, exhibits reduced sensitivity at the beginning of the disease, in addition to being technically difficult. New recombinant antigens are being pursued for rapid and specific serodiagnostic tests, especially in the initial phase of the disease, and chimeric multiepitope proteins are a strategy with a great potential to be implemented in serology. Based on previous subproteomic results, we designed a synthetic construct comprising 10 conserved leptospiral surface antigens, and the recombinant protein was purified and evaluated regarding its diagnostic potential. The protein termed rChi2 was recognized by antibodies in serum from patients both at the onset (MAT-) and in the convalescent (MAT+) phase in 75 and 82% of responders, respectively. In addition, rChi2 immunization in hamsters elicited a strong humoral response, and anti-rChi2 antibodies recognized several immobilized intact <i>Leptospira</i> species, validating its potential as an early, broad, and cross-reactive diagnostic test.
Input‐Buffered Switches (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Scheduling in VOQ-Based Switches Maximum Matching Maximal Matching Randomized Matching Algorithms Frame-based Matching Stable Matching with Speedup
Susan Lindquist (1949–2016) (2016)

An unflappable biologist was an indomitable advocate for brave and meaningful inquiry
Modeling and Characterization of a Vernier Latching MEMS Variable Optical Attenuator (2013)

We report on the modeling and testing of a Vernier latched MEMS variable optical attenuator (VOA) which uses chevron electrothermal microactuators to control fiber-to-fiber optical power coupling. The use of microlatches has the advantage of holding the mechanical position of the fiber, and therefore the level of attenuation, with no electrical energy supplied except only to change the attenuation. Results of analytical electro-thermo-mechanical models of the device are obtained and compared with experimental test results, showing a good agreement. A step resolution of 0.5 μm for this multi-state latched device is achieved using a Vernier latch approach. This incremental step size is smaller than previously reported latched microactuators. The VOA demonstrated an attenuation range of over 47 dB and an insertion loss of 1 dB. The wavelength dependent loss across the optical communications C-band is 1.4 dB at 40 dB attenuation and the 10-90% transition time of the unlatched VOA is measured to be 1.7 ms.
Vasectomy. (1988)

In summary, a vasectomy is a safe, simple, and effective method of male contraception without any known long-term health hazards. Because of its simplicity, it is performed in more than 500,000 patients per year, mainly in a physician's office, making it a very cost-effective contraceptive method. With the introduction of the microscope into the operating suite of the urologist, this procedure that was once considered permanent is amenable to reversal at a later date.