gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
S1167 Effects of Race on Post-ERCP Complications: A National Inpatient Sample Database Analysis (2022)

Introduction: Various risk factors have been identified that increase the risk of complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Limited studies have evaluated race as a risk factor for post-ERCP complications. We aim to compare rates of post-ERCP complications among patients of different races to determine if it is a risk factor. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample database was used to identify hospitalized patients over 18 years old who had an ERCP procedure between 2007 - 2017 using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. Patients were divided into six groups by race identified by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Primary outcomes were the associations of race with post-ERCP pancreatitis, cholangitis, cholecystitis, infection, hemorrhage, and perforation as determined by chi-squared analysis. Rates of complications were calculated per 1,000 ERCP procedures done for each race as well to compare complications within each race. Results: Of 1,828,218 patients who met inclusion criteria, 1,239,056 were identified as White; 167,859 as Black; 281,136 as Hispanic; 66,264 as Asian or Pacific Islander; 12,317 as Native Americans; and 61,586 as Other. Primary outcomes were significant (p< 0.001) when comparing the number of patients with post-ERCP pancreatitis, perforation, cholangitis, cholecystitis, infection, and hemorrhage among different races. Comparison of the rates per 1,000 ERCP procedures showed that Asians or Pacific Islanders were noted to have higher rates of pancreatitis, cholangitis, infection, hemorrhage, and perforation. Infection was the most common complication within each race, followed by pancreatitis. Conclusion: We postulate that the elevated rates of post-ERCP pancreatitis, cholangitis, infection, hemorrhage, and perforation in Asians or Pacific Islanders can be attributed to the higher incidences of biliary tract pathology. Other variations in post-ERCP complications among the different racial groups may be related to the different rates of pancreaticobiliary diseases, possibly from genetic predispositions that have not been studied yet. Moreover, the NIS database has a disproportionately large sample size of Whites compared to other racial groups, which makes the NIS database not an ideal database for this study. Further studies with a more balanced, diverse population will be needed to better analyze these racial differences.
Axially asymmetric metal alkyls. Part 2. Synthesis of the di-Grignard reagent [{Mg(thf)nCl}2R][thf = tetrahydrofuran, R =(2-CH2C6H4)22–] and 6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]-silepines and -stannepines; X-ray crystal structures of [SnPh2R] and δ-SS- and λ-RR-[SnPh2{[2-CH(SiMe3)C6H4]2}] (1984)

Reactions of Mg and Li with 2,2′-bis(chloromethyl)biphenyl in tetrahydrofuran (thf) yield respectively a new di-Grignard reagent, [{Mg(thf)nCl}2{(2-CH2C6H4)2}](5), for rather critical conditions, and the intramolecular cyclization product, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene which further reacts to form a radical anion (g= 2.0037, hydrogen hyperfine coupling unresolved). Substituted 6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]-silepines and -stannepines derived from (5) and the dilithium complexes [{Li(tmen)}2{(2-CHRC6H4)2}](R = H or SiMe3; tmen =NNN′N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) are also reported. The crystal structures of the compounds [SnPh2{(2-CHRC6H4)2}][R = H (8) or SiMe3(9)] have been determined. Sn–C (aromatic) distances are similar [2.139(8) and 2.149(9)Å in (8), cf. 2.136(4)Å in (9)] whereas the Sn–CHR distances are significantly different [2.157(8) and 2.159(9)Å in (8), cf. 2.184(4)Å in (9)]; the angles subtended by the bidentate ligands are 98.7(3)° in (8) and 99.4(2)° in (9) and the associated torsion angles along the biphenyl axis are respectively 66.0 and 70.8°. Compound (9) comprises a racemate of δ-SS and λ-RR isomers, in the solid, with the molecules lying on C2 axes.
Figure S1 from LKB1-Dependent Regulation of TPI1 Creates a Divergent Metabolic Liability between Human and Mouse Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. Differential co-occurrence and effects of KRAS, TP53 and LKB1 mutations on human and mouse LUADs.&lt;/p&gt;
Publisher’s Note: Critical Resistance in the AlAs Quantum Hall Ferromagnet [Phys. Rev. Lett.91, 216802 (2003)] (2003)

Received 25 November 2003DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.239901©2003 American Physical Society
Comments on "Spectrally-efficient relay selection with limited feedback" (2009)

In the above mentioned paper, the authors proposed an incremental transmission relay selection (ITRS) protocol, whose diversity-multiplexing-tradeoff performance was illustrated and compared with existing alternatives in Fig. 3. However, in our opinion, these comparisons are unfair and a curve depicted in Fig. 3 is wrong. First, in [ibid., vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 1419'1428, Oct. 2008], the authors assumed that the channel coefficients change in every time slot, whereas other protocols assumed that the channel coefficients remain constant during the whole frame transmission. This implies that an additional temporal diversity can be extracted by the ITRS protocol whereas other protocols (DDF, DSTC, opportunistic relaying) can only benefit from spatial diversity. So, the comparisons in the original paper are unfair because they are made under different conditions. Second, according to the original authors and references therein, the maximum diversity order of the ITRS protocol is M+2, and that of other protocols (DDF, DSTC, opportunistic relaying) are all equal to M+1, where M is the number of relay nodes (i.e. eight for Fig. 3). Thus, the DMT curve for DSTC (it is also the DMT curve for opportunistic relaying) is wrong in Fig. 3. Note that although the authors allowed the source to participate in the second phase of transmission when they considered DSTC and opportunistic relaying, the diversity order cannot be enhanced at all due to the fact that the channel coefficients remain constant during the two phases. And our declaration holds true all the same.
SAREvaluation of2-element Array Antennas forMobile Handsets (2005)

ThepeakSAR(Specific Absorption Rate) valueofa two-element arrayantenna usedformobile handsets isevaluated numer- ically bychanging thephasedifference ofthe arrayelements andthedistance between the array antenna andtheuser's head.Itisfound thatwhenpartofahumanheadispresent in thereactive near-field region ofthearray an- tenna, theco-phase feed SARisslightly smaller thanthereverse-phase feedSAR,butwhenthe headiscompletely outside thereactive near- field region, theco-phase feedSARislarger thereverse-phase feedSAR.
Atomically flat and uniform relaxed III–V epitaxial films on silicon substrate for heterogeneous and hybrid integration (2017)

The integration of III-V semiconductors on silicon (Si) substrate has been an active field of research for more than 30 years. Various approaches have been investigated, including growth of buffer layers to accommodate the lattice mismatch between the Si substrate and the III-V layer, Si- or Ge-on-insulator, epitaxial transfer methods, epitaxial lateral overgrowth, aspect-ratio-trapping techniques, and interfacial misfit array formation. However, manufacturing standards have not been met and significant levels of remaining defectivity, high cost, and complex integration schemes have hampered large scale commercial impact. Here we report on low cost, relaxed, atomically smooth, and surface undulation free lattice mismatched III-V epitaxial films grown in wide-fields of micrometer size on 300 mm Si(100) and (111) substrates. The crystallographic quality of the epitaxial film beyond a few atomic layers from the Si substrate is accomplished by formation of an interfacial misfit array. This development may enable future platforms of integrated low-power logic, power amplifiers, voltage controllers, and optoelectronics components.
Facet Joint Violation During Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement (2016)

3.
Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction Dynamic Sampling for Protein Crystal Centering (2017)

A supervised learning approach for dynamic sampling (SLADS) was developed to reduce X-ray exposure prior to data collection in protein structure determination. Implementation of this algorithm allowed reduction of the X-ray dose to the central core of the crystal by up to 20-fold compared to current raster scanning approaches. This dose reduction corresponds directly to a reduction on X-ray damage to the protein crystals prior to data collection for structure determination. Implementation at a beamline at Argonne National Laboratory suggests promise for the use of the SLADS approach to aid in the analysis of X-ray labile crystals. The potential benefits match a growing need for improvements in automated approaches for microcrystal positioning.
Structural Basis for a Neutralizing Antibody Response Elicited by a Recombinant Hantaan Virus Gn Immunogen (2021)

Hantaviruses are a group of emerging pathogens capable of causing severe disease upon zoonotic transmission to humans. The mature hantavirus surface presents higher-order tetrameric assemblies of two glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, which are responsible for negotiating host cell entry and constitute key therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate that recombinantly derived Gn from Hantaan virus (HTNV) elicits a neutralizing antibody response (serum dilution that inhibits 50% infection [ID<sub>50</sub>], 1:200 to 1:850) in an animal model. Using antigen-specific B cell sorting, we isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) exhibiting neutralizing and non-neutralizing activity, termed mAb HTN-Gn1 and mAb nnHTN-Gn2, respectively. Crystallographic analysis reveals that these mAbs target spatially distinct epitopes at disparate sites of the N-terminal region of the HTNV Gn ectodomain. Epitope mapping onto a model of the higher order (Gn-Gc)<sub>4</sub> spike supports the immune accessibility of the mAb HTN-Gn1 epitope, a hypothesis confirmed by electron cryo-tomography of the antibody with virus-like particles. These data define natively exposed regions of the hantaviral Gn that can be targeted in immunogen design. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The spillover of pathogenic hantaviruses from rodent reservoirs into the human population poses a continued threat to human health. Here, we show that a recombinant form of the Hantaan virus (HTNV) surface-displayed glycoprotein, Gn, elicits a neutralizing antibody response in rabbits. We isolated a neutralizing (HTN-Gn1) and a non-neutralizing (nnHTN-Gn2) monoclonal antibody and provide the first molecular-level insights into how the Gn glycoprotein may be targeted by the antibody-mediated immune response. These findings may guide rational vaccine design approaches focused on targeting the hantavirus glycoprotein envelope.
Polarized IR studies of silica glasses exposed to polarized excimer radiation (2006)

Silica glass exhibits a permanent anisotropic response, polarization-induced birefringence (PIB), when exposed to short-wavelength polarized light. This behavior has been correlated with the OH content of the glass. In this paper we describe polarized infrared studies of silica glasses of different OH content exposed with polarized 157 nm laser light. Changes in the fundamental OH band as a consequence of exposure are shown. We find differential bleaching of a particular OH band where OH species that are oriented parallel to the incident exposing polarization undergo greater bleaching than those oriented perpendicular. The preferential bleaching as a function of exposure time correlates strongly with the evolution of PIB, leading to a bleaching model of OH that is causally linked to PIB.
Evolutionarily Conserved Recognition and Innate Immunity to Fungal Pathogens by the Scavenger Receptors SCARF1 and CD36 (2009)

Receptors involved in innate immunity to fungal pathogens have not been fully elucidated. We show that the Caenorhabditis elegans receptors CED-1 and C03F11.3, and their mammalian orthologues, the scavenger receptors SCARF1 and CD36, mediate host defense against two prototypic fungal pathogens, Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. CED-1 and C03F11.1 mediated antimicrobial peptide production and were necessary for nematode survival after C. neoformans infection. SCARF1 and CD36 mediated cytokine production and were required for macrophage binding to C. neoformans, and control of the infection in mice. Binding of these pathogens to SCARF1 and CD36 was β-glucan dependent. Thus, CED-1/SCARF1 and C03F11.3/CD36 are β-glucan binding receptors and define an evolutionarily conserved pathway for the innate sensing of fungal pathogens.
Effects of Gaseous Sulphuric Acid on Diesel Exhaust Nanoparticle Formation and Characteristics (2013)

Diesel exhaust gaseous sulphuric acid (GSA) concentrations and particle size distributions, concentrations, and volatility were studied at four driving conditions with a heavy duty diesel engine equipped with oxidative exhaust after-treatment. Low sulfur fuel and lubricant oil were used in the study. The concentration of the exhaust GSA was observed to vary depending on the engine driving history and load. The GSA affected the volatile particle fraction at high engine loads; higher GSA mole fraction was followed by an increase in volatile nucleation particle concentration and size as well as increase of size of particles possessing nonvolatile core. The GSA did not affect the number of nonvolatile particles. At low and medium loads, the exhaust GSA concentration was low and any GSA driven changes in particle population were not observed. Results show that during the exhaust cooling and dilution processes, besides critical in volatile nucleation particle formation, GSA can change the characteristics of all nucleation mode particles. Results show the dual nature of the nucleation mode particles so that the nucleation mode can include simultaneously volatile and nonvolatile particles, and fulfill the previous results for the nucleation mode formation, especially related to the role of GSA in formation processes.
Some psychophysical tasks measure ocular dominance plasticity more reliably than others (2021)

In the recent decade, studies have shown that short-term monocular deprivation strengthens the deprived eye's contribution to binocular vision. However, the magnitude of the change in eye dominance after monocular deprivation (i.e., the patching effect) has been found to be different between different methods and within the same method. There are three possible explanations for the discrepancy. First, the mechanisms underlying the patching effect that are probed by different measurement tasks might exist at different neural sites. Second, the test-retest variability of the same test can produce inconsistent results. Third, the magnitude of the patching effect itself within the same observer can vary across separate days or experimental sessions. To explore these possibilities, we assessed the test-retest reliability of the three most commonly used tasks (binocular rivalry, binocular combination, and dichoptic masking) and the repeatability of the shift in eye dominance after short-term monocular deprivation for each of the task. Two variations for binocular phase combination were used, at one and many contrasts of the stimuli. Also, two variations for dichoptic masking were employed; the orientation of the mask grating was either horizontal or vertical. Thus, five different tasks were evaluated. We hoped to resolve some of the inconsistencies reported in the literature concerning this form of visual plasticity. In this study, we also aimed to recommend a measurement method that would allow us to better understand its physiological basis and the underpinning of visual disorders.
Federated Learning of Deep Networks using Model Averaging (2016)

Modern mobile devices have access to a wealth of data suitable for learning models, which in turn can greatly improve the user experience on the device. For example, language models can improve speech recognition and text entry, and image models can automatically select good photos. However, this rich data is often privacy sensitive, large in quantity, or both, which may preclude logging to the data-center and training there using conventional approaches. We advocate an alternative that leaves the training data distributed on the mobile devices, and learns a shared model by aggregating locally-computed updates. We term this decentralized approach Federated Learning. 
We present a practical method for the federated learning of deep networks that proves robust to the unbalanced and non-IID data distributions that naturally arise. This method allows high-quality models to be trained in relatively few rounds of communication, the principal constraint for federated learning. The key insight is that despite the non-convex loss functions we optimize, parameter averaging over updates from multiple clients produces surprisingly good results, for example decreasing the communication needed to train an LSTM language model by two orders of magnitude.
A VQ-Based Demosaicing by Self-Similarity (2007)

In this paper, we propose a learning-based demosaicing and a restoration error detection. A Vector Quantization (VQ)-based method is utilized for learning. We take advantage of a self-similarity in an image for a codebook generation in VQ. The mosaic image is interpolated via a traditional method, and applied scaling, blurring, phase-shifting and resampling are used to create a training data for the codebook. The characteristics of the training data are similar to those of an ideal image. Using such training data and approximation of an ideal codevector by a locally linear embedding (LLE)-based method increases the probability of finding a suitable codevector from the codebook. Even if we cannot find a good codevector in an ill-conditioned case, the error detection finds poorly estimated pixel values and replaces them with better restoration results by another demosaicing method.
Ultrafast Dynamics of Sb-Corroles: A Combined Vis-Pump Supercontinuum Probe and Broadband Fluorescence Up-Conversion Study (2017)

Corroles are a developing class of tetrapyrrole-based molecules with significant chemical potential and relatively unexplored photophysical properties. We combined femtosecond broadband fluorescence up-conversion and fs broadband Vis-pump Vis-probe spectroscopy to comprehensively characterize the photoreaction of 5,10,15-tris-pentafluorophenyl-corrolato-antimony(V)-<i>trans</i>-difluoride (Sb-tpfc-F₂). Upon fs Soret band excitation at ~400 nm, the energy relaxed almost completely to Q band electronic excited states with a time constant of 500 ± 100 fs; this is evident from the decay of Soret band fluorescence at around 430 nm and the rise time of Q band fluorescence, as well as from Q band stimulated emission signals at 600 and 650 nm with the same time constant. Relaxation processes on a time scale of 10 and 20 ps were observed in the fluorescence and absorption signals. Triplet formation showed a time constant of 400 ps, with an intersystem crossing yield from the Q band to the triplet manifold of between 95% and 99%. This efficient triplet formation is due to the spin-orbit coupling of the antimony ion.
Effects of dissolved organic matter on mercury speciation in rice rhizosphere amended with sulfur-rich biochar (2023)

Natural sulfur (S)-rich biochar (NRB) can be employed as an alternative for traditional S-modified biochar. However, the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on mercury (Hg) speciation in rice rhizosphere soils under natural S-rich biochar application remains unclear. We conducted a pot experiment to study the effects of NRB application on the chemical composition and structure of DOM and the related speciation and availability of Hg in rice rhizosphere. Applying NRB significantly increased the concentration of methylmercury (MeHg) in the rhizosphere soils, which was enhanced with application frequency. This observation can be explained by MeHg immobilization in response to increasing S content in rice rhizosphere soils. We also observed increased molecular weight and functional group complexity of DOM, likely contributing to the decrease in MeHg mobility. Furthermore, the increase in pH and humification of DOM caused by S-rich biochar application generally reduced the concentrations of water-soluble and mercuric-sulfide fraction (easily-available Hg species) and organo-chelated fraction (potentially-available Hg species). Our findings highlight that the application of NRB can reduce the availability of MeHg in rice rhizosphere, thus providing a practical basis for reducing the potential risk of MeHg toxicity.
Passive Reflection Seismic Imaging of the San Jacinto Fault Zone, California: A Matrix Framework for Aberrations Correction (2019)

International audience
J. D. Roberts Special Issue (2018)

This issue honors one of the greatest physical organic chemists of all time, John D. Roberts. Jack, as he was often known, would have been 100 years old on June 8, 2018. The six of us acted as Guest Co-Editors of this issue, and we invited former Roberts' group members and physical organic chemist friends and admirers of Jack to contribute articles to this issue and to describe their current research. There are many interesting research papers here, as well as an article by Ken Houk and Fang Liu that describes Jack's education and chemical research beginnings at UCLA; his 63-year career at Caltech in research, teaching, and administration; his multiple landmark chemical discoveries; and his influential textbooks impacting modern physical organic chemistry, leading the way for organic chemists to employ spectroscopy and computation as mainstays of their research. Jack clearly had enormous impact on shaping the science that emerged in the 21st century. Jeff Seeman contributed an article describing Jack and the writing and editing of Jack's autobiography, The Right Place at the Right Time. Many former group members describe the research they have done recently that is the inevitable result of Jack's prevailing influence on physical organic chemistry until his passing, on October 29, 2016, at age 98. We are proud to honor Jack this way, and our sincere thanks to Igor Alabugin, Luis Echegoyen, Editors of Wiley's Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry, for making this special issue possible.
The Composition of Polyion Complex (1973)

主鎖荷電型ポリカチオンとポリカルボン酸(ポリメタクリル酸,ポリアクリル酸ポリイタコン酸)の間のポリイオンコンプレックス生成反応機構を,系の電位差滴定,電導度滴定,粘度測定から検討した。コンプレックスの組成はポリカルボン酸の解離度で決まる.ポリカルボン酸の解離度は10 -4～10-2mol/lの濃度範囲で通常数パーセントであるが,ポリカチオンが共存すると20%近くまで解離する。このため両者を混合して得られるポリイオンコソプレックスは,イオン席の単位モル比で[カルボン酸]/[カチオン]=5の組成となる。この系にアルカリを添加して解離度を大きくすると,コンプレックス組成は連続的に変化し等モル組成物が得られる。これらの結果から生成するポリイオンコンプレックスの構造は環状から梯子状まで任意に連続変化させ得ることが結論され,これがメカノケミカルシステムの一例であると推定した。