gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tensile and Impact Toughness Properties of a Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Fabricated via Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (2021)

In the past few years, laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) has gained significant interest because of the high heating and cooling rates inherent to the process, providing the means to bypass the crystallization threshold. In this study, (for the first time) the tensile and Charpy impact toughness properties of a Zr-based BMG fabricated via LPBF were investigated. The presence of defects and lack of fusion (LoF) in the near-surface region of the samples resulted in low properties. Increasing the laser power at the borders mitigated LoF formation in the near-surface region, leading to an almost 27% increase in tensile yield strength and impact toughness. Comparatively, increasing the core laser power did not have a significant influence. It was therefore confirmed that, for BMGs like for crystalline alloys, near-surface LoFs are more detrimental than core LoFs. Although increasing the border and core laser power resulted in a higher crystallized fraction, detrimental to the mechanical properties, reducing the formation of LoF defects (confirmed using micro-computed tomography, Micro-CT) was comparatively more important.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIESTROGENS. 2. STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY STUDIES IN A SERIES OF 3‐AROYL‐2‐ARYLBENZO(B)THIOPHENE DERIVATIVES LEADING TO (6‐HYDROXY‐2‐(4‐HYDROXYPHENYL)BENZO(B)THIEN‐3‐YL)‐(4‐(2‐(1‐PIPERIDINYL)ETHOXY)PHENYL)METHANONE HYDROCHLORIDE (LY 156758), A REMARKABLY EFFECTIVE ESTROGEN ANTAGONIST WITH ONLY MINIMAL INTRINSIC ESTROGENICITY (1985)

Abstract Von den gemäß Formelschema dargestellten Verbindungen (VI) zeigt das ‐ Piperidinderivat (R′ ‐ R2 = (CH, )5 ) die höchste Antiöstrogen‐Wirkung.
Enhancing Renal Tumors in Patients with Prior Normal Abdominal Imaging: Further Insight into the Natural History of Renal Cell Carcinoma (2012)

The presumed growth rate of the tumors was significantly greater than the observed growth rate, suggesting that tumor growth rates do not follow a linear pattern throughout their development and progression.
Bench scale development of a hybrid membrane-absorption CO<sub>2</sub>capture process (Final Report) (2020)

This final technical report describes work conducted for the Department of Energy (DOE) on the development of a bench-scale hybrid membrane-absorption carbon dioxide (CO2) capture system for coal-fired power plant applications (Cooperative Agreement number DE-FE0013118). The work was conducted by Membrane Technology and Research, Inc. (MTR) with major support from the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) from April 1, 2013 through September 30, 2018. The overall goal of this project was to evaluate two variations of a hybrid membrane-absorption capture system combining the MTR air-swept PolarisTM membrane technology, which enriches flue gas to ~20% CO2, with UT Austin’s absorption-based advanced flash stripper (AFS) using piperazine (PZ), to determine the superior hybrid variant and to assess the potential of hybrid capture systems to achieve a lower cost-of-capture, compared to NETL’s reference amine-based capture plant. This project included the evaluation, development and testing of a hybrid membrane-absorption CO2 capture system for coal-fired power plant applications using the MTR high-gas-flow, low-pressure-drop membrane contactor. The ability of the membrane contactor to enrich coal-fired flue gas from its normal content of ~13% CO2 into a smaller volume of gas containing 20-25% CO2 – with minimal energy input – could reduce the cost of the final concentration process, regardless of whether it is absorption, adsorption, cryogenic, or membrane-based. In this project, we are evaluating the feasibility of a hybrid system combining the MTR sweep membrane technology with the UT Austin piperazine-based advanced flash stripper (PZAS) capture system.
Compact model experimental validation for grapho-epitaxy hole processes and its impact in mask making tolerances (2014)

There has been significant research in the area of modeling self-assembling molecular systems. Directed self-assembly (DSA) has proven to be a promising candidate for cost reduction of processes which use double patterning and an enabler of new technology nodes. Self-consistent field theory and Monte Carlo simulators have the capability to probe and explore the mechanisms driving the different phases of a diblock copolymer system. While such methods are appropriate to study the nature of the self-assembly process, they are computationally expensive and they cannot be used to perform mask synthesis operations nor full chip verification. In this case we focus our effort in establishing the minimum set of conditions that a compact model for the manufacture of contact holes using a grapho epitaxy process for a PS-b-PMMA diblock copolymer system needs. The compact model’s main objectives are to find the guiding pattern that produces the lowest possible placement error, as well as verifying that the intended target structures are present after processing. Given that masks are not perfect, and lithographic process variations are not negligible, it is necessary to understand the mask requirements and the types of Optical Proximity Correction techniques that will be used to build guiding patterns. This paper explores the guiding pattern conditions under which proper assembly is achieved, and how the compact model formulation is able to determine placement of reliably assembling structures as well as identification of the guiding patterns which lead to improper assembly. The research leading to these results has been performed in the frame of the industrial collaborative consortium IDeAL focused on the development of Directed Self-assembly technique by block copolymers.
Differential effects of amyloid-beta peptide aggregation status on in vivo retinal neurotoxicity (2010)

The present study examined the relationship between amyloid beta (Aβ)-peptide aggregation state and neurotoxicity <i>in vivo</i> using the rat retinal-vitreal model. Following single unilateral intravitreal injection of either soluble Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> or Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> preaggregated for different periods, retinal pathology was evaluated at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 1-month postinjection. Injection of either soluble Aβ (sAβ) or preaggregated Aβ induced a rapid reduction in immunoreactivity (IR) for synaptophysin, suggesting that direct contact with neurons is not necessary to disrupt synapses. Acute neuronal ionic and metabolic dysfunction was demonstrated by widespread loss of IR to the calcium buffering protein parvalbumin (PV) and protein gene product 9.5, a component of the ubiquitin-proteosome system. Injection of sAβ appeared to have a more rapid impact on PV than the preaggregated treatments, producing a marked reduction in PV cell diameters at 48 hours, an effect that was only observed for preaggregated Aβ after 1-month survival. Extending the preaggregation period from 4 to 8 days to obtain highly fibrillar Aβ species significantly increased the loss of choline acteyltransferase IR, but had no effect on PV-IR. These findings prompt the conclusion that Aβ assembly state has a significant impact on <i>in vivo</i> neurotoxicity by triggering distinct molecular changes within the cell.
Feedstocks and analysis: general discussion (2017)

James Clark opened the discussion of the paper by Keith W. Waldron: Regarding the point you made about ethanol, is that because it is flat-lining in terms of growth and demand? New bioethanol plants are being built, are they redundant before they are even complete? Keith Waldron
Accurate 2D Facial Depth Models Derived from a 3D Synthetic Dataset (2021)

As Consumer Technologies (CT) seeks to engage and interact more closely with the end-user it becomes important to observe and analyze a user's interaction with CT devices and associated services. One of the most useful modes for monitoring a user is to analyze a real-time video stream of their face. Facial expressions, movements and biometrics all provide important information, but obtaining a calibrated input with 3D accuracy from a single camera requires accurate knowledge of the facial depth and distance of different features from the camera. In this paper, a method is proposed to generate synthetic high-accuracy human facial depth from synthetic 3D face models. The generated synthetic human facial dataset is then used in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN's) for monocular depth facial estimation and the results of the experiments are presented.
Picosecond Nonradiative Processes in Neodymium-doped Crystals and Glasses: Mechanism for the Energy Gap Law* (1998)

We present measurements of the 4G7/2 emission lifetime for 26 Nd-doped materials. A model of nonradiative decay based on dipole-dipole energy transfer is developed and found to be supported by our data.
A Retrospective Evaluation of the Effects of Severe Aplastic Anemia Treatment in Children with Horse and Rabbit ATG.Polish Pediatric Hematology Group (2011)

Abstract Abstract 4375 Antithymocyte horse globulin (hATG) or rabbit (rATG) is used to treat children with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) in the absence of a compatible bone marrow family donor’s. We presenting (viewing) retrospective evaluation of the effects of SAA therapy using hATG and rATG. 49 children (20 girls and 29 boys, aged 1.2–17) were treated between 1993 and 2000 - hATG (15mg/kg/day for 5 days with cyclosporine 5mg/kg/day for 12–24 mths). On day 180 day of treatment there was a complete response (CR) in 22 of 49 children (44.5%) and a partial response (PR) in 12 children (24.4%). 34 of 49 children (69,4%) responded to treatment. There was no remission (NR) in 15 of 49 children (30.6%). In the whole group there were 7 deaths during the first 6 months. There were no relapses within 5 years of observation. The 5-year probability of survival in this group was 84%. 55 children (22 girls and 33 boys, aged 3,5–17,7 years) were treated in the years 1996–2009 using rATG (3.75 mg/kg/day for 5 days and cyclosporine 5mg/kg/day for 12–24 mths). On day 180 of treatment 5 patients (9%) achieved a CR, 23 children (41.8%) had a PR. 28 of 55 children (50.9%) responded to treatment. NR was found in 27 children (49%).In the rATG group 15 deaths (27%) were recorded, 4 patients (7%) had relapses. In one child paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria was noted.The 5-year survival in the rATG.group was 63.54%. Our results show the greater effectiveness of treatment with horse globulin than rabbit globulin in terms of hematological response and overall survival. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Towards environmentally friendly processing of molecular semiconductors (2013)

We present the design and synthesis of molecular organic semiconductors enabling processing from environmentally friendly solvents, including ethyl acetate. The structural changes employed do not adversely influence the attractive optical or electronic properties of the parent chromophore. Thin film transistors demonstrate the semiconducting ability of the new structures when processed from ethyl acetate.
Homogeneous catalysis for the conversion of biomass and biomass-derived platform chemicals (2014)

This perspective highlights the importance of homogeneous catalysis in the selective and efficient transformation of various types of biomass and platform chemicals to useful chemicals.
Using neutral metastable argon atoms and contamination lithography to form nanostructures in silicon, silicon dioxide, and gold (1996)

This letter describes the fabrication of ∼80 nm structures in silicon, silicon dioxide, and gold substrates by exposing the substrates to a beam of metastable argon atoms in the presence of dilute vapors of trimethylpentaphenyltrisiloxane, the dominant constituent of diffusion pump oil used in these experiments. The atoms release their internal energy upon contacting the siloxanes physisorbed on the surface of the substrate, and this release causes the formation of a carbon-based resist. The atomic beam was patterned by a silicon nitride membrane, and the pattern formed in the resist material was transferred to the substrates by chemical etching. Simultaneous exposure of large areas (44 cm2) was also demonstrated.
IEEE 802.19.3 Coexistence Recommendations for IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15.4 Based Systems Operating in SUB-1 GHz Frequency Bands (2023)

Internet of Things (IoT) applications are rapidly increasing. A broad range of low-power wide-area technologies have been developed in the Sub-1 GHz frequency bands to meet various application requirements. Massive IEEE 802.15.4g based systems have been deployed to provide low to moderate data rate capabilities. IEEE 802.11ah is designed to provide higher data rate capabilities than the data rates of IEEE 802.15.4g. In addition, other Sub-1 GHz band systems, including LoRa and SigFox, are also installed for applications with longer range communication need. There is considerable overlap in use cases targeted by these technologies. Due to the constrained spectrum allocation in the Sub-1 GHz frequency bands, these systems are likely to coexist. Therefore, the coexistence of heterogeneous Sub-1 GHz band wireless technologies becomes an issue to be addressed. Our measurements and simulations reveal significant interference among these systems. Previously the Sub-1 GHz band coexistence is not well addressed. Accordingly, IEEE New Standards Committee and Standard Board formed IEEE 802.19.3 Task Group in December 2018 to develop IEEE 802.19.3 standard for the coexistence of IEEE 802.11ah and IEEE 802.15.4g based systems to guide product deployment. IEEE 802.19.3 standard was published in April 2021. This article summarizes the Sub-1 GHz band systems, spectrum allocation, interference and noise measurements, coexistence issues, and coexistence recommendations presented in IEEE 802.19.3. It aims to introduce IEEE 802.19.3 standard to readers outside of IEEE 802 standard body and to application developers to raise awareness of potential coexistence issues and available coexistence techniques for the better system deployment. In addition, this article presents performance evaluation of the coexistence methods recommended in IEEE 802.19.3.
Investigating unsupervised learning for text categorization bootstrapping (2005)

We propose a generalized bootstrapping algorithm in which categories are described by relevant seed features. Our method introduces two unsupervised steps that improve the initial categorization step of the bootstrapping scheme: (i) using Latent Semantic space to obtain a generalized similarity measure between instances and features, and (ii) the Gaussian Mixture algorithm, to obtain uniform classification probabilities for unlabeled examples. The algorithm was evaluated on two Text Categorization tasks and obtained state-of-the-art performance using only the category names as initial seeds.
Improving the durability of operating devices of technical fleet vessels using wear-resistant facings (2014)

The problems of the reliability of rapidly worn parts of technical fleet vessels are considered. Recommendations for improving their durability are given.
Tumor blood volume assays using contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: Regional heterogeneity and postmortem artifacts (1999)

Tumor blood volume (BV), subject to both morphologic and physiologic influences, can be measured using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aims of this study were to determine whether MRI enhanced with a macromolecular contrast medium (MMCM) could resolve differences in BV between different tumor types, between different regions within tumors, and within the same tumor in life and after death. Tumor BV estimates were based on the MRI signal intensity responses in the tumors and in reference venous blood following enhancement with a blood pool MMCM using two mammary adenocarcinoma models. Estimates of BV were made before and immediately following death. An in vitro measurement of tumor gadolinium concentration following death was correlated with MRI enhancement. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in MRI-estimated tumor BV between tumor subtypes, between in vivo and postmortem measurements, and between the tumor periphery and tumor centers. MRI assays enhanced with a macromolecular contrast agent can resolve blood volume differences between tumor types, between regions within the same tumor, and between vital and postmortem states.
Use of Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Concentration and Supersaturation Measurements in Citric Acid Solutions (1996)

Measurement of supersaturation is of critical importance in the operation and control of crystallizers. In this work, we report a novel spectroscopic technique to achieve the measurement of concentration and supersaturation in crystallizing solutions. In order to develop a sensor for this measurement, citric acid is chosen as the model solute, and the analytical technique involves fluorescence spectroscopy. Citric acid is a common food-grade compound with a wide range of applications that is exclusively produced by crystallization. The fluorescent properties of a probe, 8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonate (pyranine), are used to provide concentration measurements in aqueous citric acid solutions, thereby providing for supersaturation estimation. The change in the relative emission peak intensities of the probe in different solute concentrations gives an excellent calibration curve for concentration measurements. It is also shown that, although pyranine responds to both its solvent microenvironment and the pH of the solution, it is still possible to measure concentration and supersaturation by using this fluorescence technique.
A Deep Learning Approach to Fast, Format-Agnostic Detection of Malicious Web Content (2018)

Malicious web content is a serious problem on the Internet today. In this paper we propose a deep learning approach to detecting malevolent web pages. While past work on web content detection has relied on syntactic parsing or on emulation of HTML and Javascript to extract features, our approach operates directly on a language-agnostic stream of tokens extracted directly from static HTML files with a simple regular expression. This makes it fast enough to operate in high-frequency data contexts like firewalls and web proxies, and allows it to avoid the attack surface exposure of complex parsing and emulation code. Unlike well-known approaches such as bag-of-words models, which ignore spatial information, our neural network examines content at hierarchical spatial scales, allowing our model to capture locality and yielding superior accuracy compared to bag-of-words baselines. Our proposed architecture achieves a 97.5% detection rate at a 0.1% false positive rate, and classifies small-batched web pages at a rate of over 100 per second on commodity hardware. The speed and accuracy of our approach makes it appropriate for deployment to endpoints, firewalls, and web proxies.
Singapore R&D and globetrotting (2009)

Worldwide, people are setting up or expanding into new careers, universities, institutes, and centers. This situation is particularly good for Singapore. From a biomedical perspective, three main movements may be observed: (1) pharmaceutical, biotechnological and supply companies establishing local-based subsidiaries, (2) renowned universities and colleges establishing biomedical and chemical biology institutes, and (3) researchers of international standing taking the lead to bring-in, train and sustain a first-class local workforce. By discussing the integrative nature of chemistry and biology, we shall attempt to address both local and international perspectives.We shall give an overview of the funding structure and collaborative opportunities in Singapore. As a theme, we have focused on drug discovery. For relevant complimentary information, please also refer to the Singapore special in BTJ’s November 2007 issue.
A prospective, single-arm, phase I/II trial of RAS peptide vaccine TG01/GM-CSF and gemcitabine as adjuvant therapy for patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. (2015)

4121 Background: TG01 targets oncogenic mutations in RAS genes that are present in 80-90% of pancreatic cancers. TG01 is a mixture of 7 RAS peptides and previously, as monotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer, induced specific cellular immune responses in 100% of patients. This study evaluated safety and whether induced immune responses are maintained with standard adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Patients were eligible after an R0 or R1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma resection and expected to receive gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 for 3/4 weeks x 6 cycles) started within 12 weeks of surgery. For gemcitabine toxicity 5-FU/leucovorin could be substituted. TG01 0.7 mg id was given on days 1, 3, 5, 8, 15, 22 and 2-weekly until end of chemotherapy, 4-weekly up to 1 year and 12-weekly thereafter. GM-CSF 0.03 mg id was given 15 minutes prior to TG01. TG01 was used for the DTH test. Results: 18 patients were included from 3 sites (Norway and UK). 6 patients are ongoing 3 to 50 weeks from the start of vaccinations. 5 patients were withdrawn due to recurrent disease, 1 for an unrelated death, 3 for related AEs and 2 for other reasons. 10 SAEs in 6 patients occurred; 3 related to gemcitabine (pulmonary infection and fever) and 2 related to TG01 (anaphylaxis) the others were unrelated to gemcitabine or GM-CSF/TG01. The main AEs related to GM-CSF/TG01 were local reactions in 4/18 patients (8 events), allergic reactions in 4/18 patients (6 events); one occurring before gemcitabine (Grade 1). Anaphylaxis only occurred after gemcitabine completion. Other adverse events were flu-like symptoms and single cases of fatigue, arthralgia, fever, nausea and vomiting. 14/16 patients (87.5%) had a positive DTH by week 11 persisting after gemcitabine and to date 7/8 patients (87.5%) generated positive T cell responses. Conclusions: TG01/GM-CSF generated immune responses in 87.5% of patients with resected pancreatic cancer, these responses were maintained with chemotherapy and persisted with booster injections. The regimen was generally well tolerated although some late allergic reactions were seen. Clinical trial information: NCT02261714.
Integration of CVD W on MOCVD TiN (2002)

The integration issue of MOCVD TiN and CVD W has been investigated. The step coverage of tungsten layer was found to depend strongly on the MOCVD TiN layer. An additional thermal cycle can significantly improve step coverage of tungsten. Though the Rc value is not dependent on the step coverage of tungsten, the reliability issue is still a concern.