gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Unified MPC Envelope Control Formulation for Toyota Guardian and Chauffeur (2022)

For a vehicle that can execute safety and autonomy technologies in two paradigms — shared control (Guardian) and autonomous control (Chauffeur) — we present a unified formulation for chassis control in both paradigms. The primary goal for both is to maintain the vehicle within a safe state space, and secondarily track either a human driver's intention through shared control, or a desired trajectory in autonomous operation. We introduce the notion of a pseudo-driver when in the autonomous mode, which mathematically mimics the human driver by using the desired path to generate a “driver's” steering angle and acceleration commands. This pseudo-driver allows for an identical controller formulation between both modes. Quantified experimental results are presented.
Fullerene-Clad Ultra-Long Carbon Nanotubes (2017)

Abstract Fullerene-clad double-walled carbon nanotubes were synthesized by impregnation of the nanotubes with organic solution of fullerene C 60 and consequent immobilization by laser irradiation. The resulting fullerene- nanotube composites were characterized by both electron microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The formation of densely packed layer of polymerized fullerene bonded to the nanotube surface was shown.
Optical Phase-Locking and Wavelength Synthesis (2014)

We describe techniques for phase-locked coherent optical communications, including wavelength synthesis for wavelength-division-multiplexed optical communications, compact coherent BPSK receivers, and coherent demodulation of WDM in the electrical domain. Index Terms - Coherent optical communications, phase-locked-loops, frequency synthesis, wavelength-division-multiplexing.
Tyrosine-Directed Conjugation of Large Glycans to Proteins via Copper-Free Click Chemistry (2014)

We have demonstrated that the insertion of alkyne-containing bifunctional linkers into the tyrosine residues of the carrier protein, followed by the copper mediated azide-alkyne [3 + 2] cycloaddition of carbohydrates, is a robust approach for the preparation of glycoconjugates with defined glycans, carrier, and connectivity. Conjugation of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) capsular polysaccharides to streptococcal pilus protein could extend the vaccine coverage to a variety of strains. Application of our protocol to these large charged polysaccharides occurred at low yields. Herein we developed a tyrosine-directed conjugation approach based on the copper-free click chemistry of sugars modified with cyclooctynes, which enables efficient condensation of synthetic carbohydrates. Most importantly, this strategy was demonstrated to be more effective than the corresponding copper catalyzed reaction for the insertion of GBS onto the tyrosine residues of GBS pilus proteins, previously selected as vaccine antigens through the so-called reverse vaccinology. Integrity of protein epitopes in the modified proteins was ascertained by competitive ELISA, and conjugation of polysaccharide to protein was confirmed by SDS page electrophoresis and immunoblot assays. The amount of conjugated polysaccharide was estimated by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). The described technology is particularly suitable for proteins used with the dual role of vaccine antigen and carrier for the carbohydrate haptens.
The status of HTS ship propulsion motor developments (2006)

The development of ship propulsion synchronous motors with high temperature superconductor (HTS) field windings for Naval electric ship applications has progressed to the point where a full scale motor is now under construction. A 5 MW, 230-rpm prototype ship propulsion motor was built and tested by the Center for Advanced Power Systems (CAPS) on behalf of U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR). It met or exceeded all its design goals. Currently, a 36.5 MW, 120-rpm ship propulsion motor is being built for delivery to ONR at the end of 2006. This paper presents test results of the 5 MW motor and the status of the 36.5 MW motor
A general model of wireless interference (2007)

We develop a general model to estimate the throughput and goodput between arbitrary pairs of nodes in the presence of interference from other nodes in a wireless network. Our model is based on measurements from the underlying network itself and is thus more accurate than abstract models of RF propagation such as those based on distance. The seed measurements are easy to gather, requiring only O(N) measurements in an N-node networks. Compared to existing measurement-based models, our model advances the state of the art in three important ways. First, it goes beyond pairwise interference and models interference among an arbitrary number of senders. Second, it goes beyond broadcast transmissions and models the more common case of unicast transmissions. Third, it goes beyond homogeneous nodes and models the general case of heterogeneous nodes with different traffic demands and different radio characteristics. Using simulations and measurements from two different wireless testbeds, we show that the predictions of our model are accurate in a wide range of scenarios.
3D profilometer employing white-light interferometry for microstructures with large-bevel inclines in brightness-enhanced films (2008)

This study employed white-light interferometry to measure the three-dimensional (3D) profiles, roughness, and dimensions of brightness-enhanced films (BEFs) that exhibited roof-shaped profiles with large-bevel inclines that could not be successfully measured by conventional optical inspection. A scanning white-light interferometer (SWLI) was used to obtain image information from both the symmetrical sides of inclines in the BEFs. A feasible structure with an angle-tuning mechanism was also introduced to enable the scanning white-light interferometer to rotate the angle of vision according to the bevel angle of the incline in the BEF. Further, the profiles of the BEFs could be reconstructed successfully through a series of image processing techniques. Now, the allowable bevel angle of the inclines in the BEF is not greater than 45&deg;. The experimental results confirmed that this approach can successfully measure the 3D profiles of large-bevel inclines of microstructures as well as the roughness and dimensions of BEFs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Approach to CF3‐Containing 2‐Pyrrolidones by Tandem Michael Addition—Cyclization: Exemplification in the Synthesis of Amidine Class BACE1 Inhibitors. (2015)

Abstract The synthesis of new fluorinated pyrrolidones (III) starting from unprotected amino esters and amino nitriles (II) through a Michael addition‐lactamization sequence is described.
Bioengineering of microorganisms for C3 to C5 alcohols production (2010)

Production of renewable fuels and chemicals is an absolute requirement for the sustainability of societies. This fact has been neglected during the past century as cheap and abundant, yet not renewable, sources of hydrocarbons were available. Since fossil fuel availability is decreasing, biological production of fuels and chemicals has been proposed to be a potential alternative to fossil sources. Higher alcohols (from C₃ to C₅) are useful substitutes for gasoline because of their high energy density and low hygroscopicity and are important feedstocks for other chemicals. Some Clostridia species are known to naturally ferment sugars to isopropanol and 1-butanol. However, other C₃ to C₅ alcohols are not produced in large quantities by natural microorganisms. A non-fermentative strategy to produce a broad range of higher alcohols has been devised using the ubiquitous keto acid biosynthetic pathways. This review provides a current overview of these different strategies.
Critical Process Features Enabling Aggressive Contacted Gate Pitch Scaling for 3nm CMOS Technology and Beyond (2022)

To continue contacted gate pitch scaling, transistor with improved electrostatics, gate stack innovation, and appropriate contact scheme along with improved process control to reduce variability are all indispensable factors. As gate pitch scales into the sub-50nm regime, electrostatics of FinFET architecture, spacer material, and traditional contact scheme all approach their engineering limits. Here we report a leading-edge CMOS technology developed at 45nm contacted gate pitch that successfully incorporates optimized fin profile, low-k spacer and self-aligned contact scheme. The process robustness is validated by a logic test chip with >3.5 billion transistor gate count and fully functioning 256Mb HC/HD SRAM macros. The demonstrated high-density SRAM cell size of $0.0199 \mu \mathrm{m}^{2}$ is the smallest reported to date.
In Vivo Measurement of Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Type 2 Density in Parkinson Disease with 18F-AV-133 (2010)

These findings indicate that the novel (18)F-labeled ligand (18)F-AV-133 can sensitively detect monoaminergic terminal reductions in PD patients. Studies with (18)F-AV-133 may allow the presymptomatic identification of individuals with disorders characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal afferents.
A Beam Summation Scheme for Ultra-wideband RCS Calculations in the High–frequency Regime (2021)

An ultra-wideband (UWB) Gaussian beam (GB) summation scheme for calculating the radar cross section (RCS) of arbitrary shaped scatterers is introduced. To allow high frequency approximations, the scatterers are assumed to be piecewise-smooth comprising surfaces with radii of curvature much larger than the wavelength. The formulation is based on the windowed Fourier transform (WFT) frame theory applied to the incident wave on the expansion plane. The incident plane wave is expanded into a frequency independent iso-diffracting Gaussian beam (ID-GB) lattice, emerging from the phase-space (PS) lattice. The choice of iso-diffracting Gaussian window provides the optimal frame representation for all frequencies, thus generating stable and localized expansion coefficients. Furthermore, these beams are fully characterized by frequency independent parameters hence need to be traced and calculated once for all the frequencies in the band. The field of each GB is then tracked through multiple reflections by multiple surfaces within the scatterer domain until the beam emerges out and propagates to the scattering zone, where the beam contributions are summed up to obtain the scattered field, hence eventually radar cross section.
Energy Management of isolated DC microgrids with hybrid batteries-hydrogen storage system using Model Predictive Control and Wavelet Neural Networks based forecasts (2019)

The intermittency of renewable energy production is still a serious impediment for their development, and thus must be mitigated by efficient energy storages and adapted energy management systems. In this context, a novel control strategy for an islanded microgrid with a hybrid batteries-hydrogen energy storage is proposed. It is a model predictive control which originality lies simultaneously in the objective function formulation that does not focus on economic considerations and the use of wavelet neural network as a forecasts model. In order to validate our approach, three simulations have been done under realistic working conditions, comparing performances of the control with a classical ruled based control, and evaluating its potential for improvement. The results confirm that this method outclasses the ones usually used, but can still be enhanced by improving the forecast model.
Feasible products for reaction with separation (2002)

Methods to determine feasible products for combined reaction and distillation processes identify its potential advantages over the conventional configuration of reaction followed by distillation. The aim of this dissertation is to develop an approach that determines design targets for combined reaction and separation without equipment specifications. Using this approach, the critical aspect of generation and screening of feasible alternatives in conceptual design is addressed. The generation of feasible alternatives involves development of mathematical models, normally consisting of conservation equations such as the mole balances. A general and systematic method is developed to formulate these mole balances for complex chemistries such as those encountered in the production of many pharmaceuticals, specialty chemicals, pesticides, or monomers. The mole balances are independent of the devices involved in a process. This method not only determines the mole balance constraints on systems with simultaneous reaction and separation, but also it simplifies the task of determining raw materials consumption, wastes generation, and consistency of experimental measurements, all of which are important in the conceptual design of processes. Methods for finding feasible products for combined reaction and separation devices are useful in the generation and screening of alternatives. Systematic methods for batch and continuous systems have been developed. A simple method to determine feasible yields and selectivities for batch reactive distillation devices identifies its potential advantage over the conventional technology. A cross-flow device is used to simplify the determination of feasible products from a continuous counter-current reactive distillation system. A method based on the geometric approach of attainable regions finds feasible product regions for continuous reaction-separation systems, and device configurations that achieve them. The attainable regions approach is based on the fundamental processes and does not assume any device configurations. Useful design targets can therefore be determined without specifying any equipment and allows quick estimation of the process economics. The attainable region (or feasible region) together with the mole balances determine the design targets for combined reaction and separation processes.
Segment Routing MPLS Interworking with LDP (2019)

A Segment Routing (SR) node steers a packet through a controlled set
of instructions, called segments, by prepending the packet with an SR
header. A segment can represent any instruction, topological or
service-based. SR allows to enforce a flow through any topological
path while maintaining per-flow state only at the ingress node to the
SR domain. The Segment Routing architecture can be directly applied
to the MPLS data plane with no change in the forwarding plane. This
document describes how Segment Routing operates in a network where LDP
is deployed and in the case where SR-capable and non-SR-capable nodes
coexist.
Experimental validation of a three‐dimensional linear system model for breast tomosynthesis (2008)

A three-dimensional (3D) linear model for digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) was developed to investigate the effects of different imaging system parameters on the reconstructed image quality. In the present work, experimental validation of the model was performed on a prototype DBT system equipped with an amorphous selenium (a-Se) digital mammography detector and filtered back-projection (FBP) reconstruction methods. The detector can be operated in either full resolution with 85 microm pixel size or 2 x 1 pixel binning mode to reduce acquisition time. Twenty-five projection images were acquired with a nominal angular range of +/- 20 degrees. The images were reconstructed using a slice thickness of 1 mm with 0.085 x 0.085 mm in-plane pixel dimension. The imaging performance was characterized by spatial frequency-dependent parameters including a 3D noise power spectrum (NPS) and in-plane modulation transfer function (MTF). Scatter-free uniform x-ray images were acquired at four different exposure levels for noise analysis. An aluminum (Al) edge phantom with 0.2 mm thickness was imaged to measure the in-plane presampling MTF. The measured in-plane MTF and 3D NPS were both in good agreement with the model. The dependence of DBT image quality on reconstruction filters was investigated. It was found that the slice thickness (ST) filter, a Hanning window to limit the high-frequency components in the slice thickness direction, reduces noise aliasing and improves 3D DQE. An ACR phantom was imaged to investigate the effects of angular range and detector operational modes on reconstructed image quality. It was found that increasing the angular range improves the MTF at low frequencies, resulting in better detection of large-area, low-contrast mass lesions in the phantom. There is a trade-off between noise and resolution for pixel binning and full resolution modes, and the choice of detector mode will depend on radiation dose and the targeted lesion.
Editorial Commentary: Buckle Up Surgeons: “Safety Belt” Reinforcement of Knee Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Grafts (2018)

Safety belt, or cerclage, reinforcement of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts may protect against various modes of failure including creep and irreversible stretch, traumatic tearing, and slippage of the tendon-bone interface. A time-zero, biomechanical study shows that suture reinforcement may protect small and vulnerable hamstring ACL reconstruction grafts from these various modes of failure. Thus, in vivo comparative outcome analysis is indicated to determine if the benefits of reinforcement translate from the benchtop to the operating room.
Advanced Embedded Packaging for Power Devices (2017)

Power electronics has a great popularity in many industrial fields. Recently, in automotive, the demand for power packages in electric and hybrid vehicles has been extremely rising. Those devices are required to have high thermal performance. However, conventional power device packages using wire assembly techniques have difficulty to meeting the requirements. To solve the problem, a new and expandable advanced package for power devices was developed using embedded dies and redistribution layer (RDL) technology. The new package has a low electrical resistance and good thermal performance due to heat dissipation through many via holes. A test vehicle was, designed and fabricated around the via structures' process parameters. A fixed aspect ratio was used for the copper-filling plating and die attach film (DAF) material to provide sufficient adhesion. A fabricated test vehicle (TV) sample with embedded test element group (TEG) chip and live-die confirmed that the via structure is completely filled and connected correctly by the simple I-V curve measurements on this package. With its demonstrated thermal performance, this package should have many applications for future power devices.
Towards Zero and Few-shot Knowledge-seeking Turn Detection in Task-orientated Dialogue Systems (2021)

Most prior work on task-oriented dialogue systems is restricted to supporting domain APIs. However, users may have requests that are out of the scope of these APIs. This work focuses on identifying such user requests. Existing methods for this task mainly rely on fine-tuning pre-trained models on large annotated data. We propose a novel method, REDE, based on adaptive representation learning and density estimation. REDE can be applied to zero-shot cases, and quickly learns a high-performing detector with only a few shots by updating less than 3K parameters. We demonstrate REDE's competitive performance on DSTC9 data and our newly collected test set.
Abstract A33: Combined therapy of a novel anti-NOTCH2/3 antibody with paclitaxel inhibits tumor growth in a patient-derived breast tumor xenograft (2015)

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as the small subpopulation of cells in many cancers and are thought to be responsible for cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance. The NOTCH pathway, comprised of ligands JAG1, JAG2, DLL1, DLL3 and DLL4 and receptors NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4, plays a critical role in stem cell signaling, cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and differentiation. Because of the existing body of data that implicates aberrant NOTCH pathway activation in resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in epithelial and hematologic tumors, we hypothesized that NOTCH inhibition would enhance the anti-tumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents. We have identified a NOTCH3 activating mutation in a patient breast cancer and developed a xenograft tumor model from the primary patient sample, OMP-B37. The combination of paclitaxel and OncoMed's anti-Notch2/3 antibody, OMP-59R5, inhibited the tumor growth of OMP-B37 xenograft tumors. In addition, we found that treatment with OMP-59R5 drove changes in tumor heterogeneity as indicated by the increased expression of markers associated with a mature cellular fate. The down-regulation of tumor growth promoting genes and NOTCH pathway markers was observed with OMP-59R5 treatment. The enhanced activity of combined OMP-59R5 and paclitaxel therapy in patient-derived tumor xenografts suggests that there is therapeutic potential in combining targeted NOTCH pathway inhibition with chemotherapeutic agents. Citation Format: Jie Wei, Jennifer Cain, Jalpa Shah, Breanna Wallace, Tracy Tang, Min Wang, Christopher Murriel, Cancilla Belinda, Austin Gurney, Aaron Sato, John Lewicki, Ann Kapoun, Tim Hoey. Combined therapy of a novel anti-NOTCH2/3 antibody with paclitaxel inhibits tumor growth in a patient-derived breast tumor xenograft. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Drug Sensitivity and Resistance: Improving Cancer Therapy; Jun 18-21, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(4 Suppl): Abstract nr A33.
Piezomagnetic strain-dependent non-linear magnetoelectric response enhancement by flux concentration effect (2013)

The non-linear magnetoelectric (ME) effect of Metglas/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 heterostructures has been studied. Such effect holds promise for modulation mode ME sensor applications that require no dc bias. The non-linear ME coefficient was found to be highly dependent on the derivative of the piezomagnetic strain coefficient, which could be increased by increasing the Metglas length due to magnetic flux concentration. The non-linear ME coefficient was equal to 9.5V/(cm - Oe(2)) at H-dc = -1 Oe and 7.5V/ (cm - Oe(2)) at H-dc = 0Oe for a structure with 10 cm long Metglas foils. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
Local Partial Zero-Forcing Precoding for Cell-Free Massive MIMO (2020)

Cell-free Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) is a promising distributed network architecture for 5G-and-beyond systems. It guarantees ubiquitous coverage at high spectral efficiency (SE) by leveraging signal co-processing at multiple access points (APs), aggressive spatial user multiplexing and extraordinary macro-diversity gain. In this study, we propose two distributed precoding schemes, referred to as local partial zero-forcing (PZF) and local protective partial zero-forcing (PPZF), that further improve the spectral efficiency by providing an adaptable trade-off between interference cancelation and boosting of the desired signal, with no additional front-hauling overhead, and implementable by APs with very few antennas. We derive closed-form expressions for the achievable SE under the assumption of independent Rayleigh fading channel, channel estimation error and pilot contamination. PZF and PPZF can substantially outperform maximum ratio transmission and zero-forcing, and their performance is comparable to that achieved by regularized zero-forcing (RZF), which is a benchmark in the downlink. Importantly, these closed-form expressions can be employed to devise optimal (long-term) power control strategies that are also suitable for RZF, whose closed-form expression for the SE is not available.