gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic α-Halogenoacrylic Derivatives of Distamycin A and Congeners (2004)

The mechanism of action of many antitumor agents involves DNA damage, either by direct binding of the drug to DNA or to DNA-binding proteins. However, most of the DNA-interacting agents have only a limited degree of sequence specificity, which implies that they may hit all the cellular genes. DNA minor groove binders, among which the derivatives of distamycin A play an important role, could provide significant improvement in cancer management, increasing gene specificity, due to high selectivity of interaction with thymine-adenine (TA) rich sequences. We now report and discuss the synthesis, the in vitro and in vivo activities, and some mechanistic features of alpha-halogenoacrylamido derivatives of distamycin A. The final result of this work was the selection of brostallicin 17 (PNU-166196). Brostallicin, presently in phase II clinical trials, shows a broad spectrum of antitumor activity and an apoptotic effect higher than distamycin derivative tallimustine. An important in vitro toxicological feature of brostallicin is the very good ratio between myelotoxicity on human haematopoietic progenitor cells and cytotoxicity on tumor cells, in comparison with clinically tested DNA minor groove binders. A peculiarity of brostallicin is its in vitro reactivity in the DNA alkylation assays only in the presence of glutathione. Moreover brostallicin's antitumor activity, both in in vitro and in vivo tumor models, is higher in the presence of increased levels of glutathione/glutathione-S-tranferases. These findings contribute to the definition of brostallicin as a novel anticancer agent that differs from other minor groove binders and alkylating agents for both the profile of activity and the mechanism of action and to classify the alpha-bromoacrylamido derivatives of distamycin as a new class of cytotoxics. Moreover, due to its interaction with glutathione, brostallicin may have a role for the tailored treatment of tumors characterized by constitutive or therapy-induced overexpression of glutathione/glutathione-S-tranferase levels.
Association studies of WD repeat domain 3 and chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol beta-mannosyltransferase genes with schizophrenia in a Japanese population (2018)

Schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like symptoms induced by the dopamine agonists and N-methyl-D aspartate type glutamate receptor antagonists occur only after the adolescent period. Similarly, animal models of schizophrenia by these drugs are also induced after the critical period around postnatal week three. Based upon the development-dependent onsets of these psychotomimetic effects, by using a DNA microarray technique, we identified the WD repeat domain 3 (WDR3) and chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol beta-mannosyltransferase (ALG1) genes as novel candidates for schizophrenia-related molecules, whose mRNAs were up-regulated in the adult (postnatal week seven), but not in the infant (postnatal week one) rats by an indirect dopamine agonist, and phencyclidine, an antagonist of the NMDA receptor. WDR3 and other related proteins are the nuclear proteins presumably involved in various cellular activities, such as cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene regulation. ALG1 is presumed to be involved in the regulation of the protein N-glycosylation. To further elucidate the molecular pathophysiology of schizophrenia, we have evaluated the genetic association of WDR3 and ALG1 in schizophrenia. We examined 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs; W1 (rs1812607)-W16 (rs6656360), A1 (rs8053916)-A10 (rs9673733)] from these genes using the Japanese case-control sample (1,808 schizophrenics and 2,170 matched controls). No significant genetic associations of these SNPs were identified. However, we detected a significant association of W4 (rs319471) in the female schizophrenics (allelic P = 0.003, genotypic P = 0.008). Based on a haplotype analysis, the observed haplotypes consisting of W4 (rs319471)-W5 (rs379058) also displayed a significant association in the female schizophrenics (P = 0.016). Even after correction for multiple testing, these associations remained significant. Our findings suggest that the WDR3 gene may likely be a sensitive factor in female patients with schizophrenia, and that modification of the WDR3 signaling pathway warrants further investigation as to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Toward Tin-Based High-Capacity Anode for Lithium-Ion Battery (2014)

Electrochemical deposition of SnCo alloys inside the nanometric pores of commercial membranes is described. Composition, morphology and crystallographic structure of the synthesized nanostructured alloys are reported as well as the results of electrochemical tests carried out both in half-cell and in full battery configuration to investigate the performance of these SnCo alloys as anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Optimized depositions yielded nanostructured alloys that performed 200 deep galvanostatic cycles at C/2 and 30 °C with 80 % capacity retention and coulombic efficiency higher than 97 % after 40 cycles Moreover, charge-discharge rate capability tests showed the high performance of these SnCo alloys at high C-rate such as 10C. Tests of SnCo alloys in battery configuration against LiFePO 4 cathode are also reported.
Dynamic buffer cache management scheme based on simple and aggressive prefetching (2000)

Meta-analyses of 21 interventions fully or partially recommended their use, with recommendations being positively correlated with the effect sizes of the pooled intervention. However, the effect sizes were inversely correlated with meta-analyzed study quality, reducing confidence in these recommendations. Higher-quality trials and patient-based meta-analyses are needed to determine whether subpopulations might benefit from combination treatment, as no single strategy can be recommended for patients with schizophrenia based on the current meta-analytic literature.
A comparison between the luminance compensation method and other color picture transmission systems (1990)

To improve conventional color picture transmission systems, the luminance compensation method is proposed. It compensates the luminance perturbation at the transmitter side that occurs due to changes of the chrominance signal. Incompatible transmission systems show no significant advantages compared to the luminance compensation method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Importance of Caution in the Use of Unregulated Anticellulite Treatments (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Designing and evaluating multimodal interaction for mobile contexts (2008)

In this paper we report on our experience on the design and evaluation of multimodal user interfaces in various contexts. We introduce a novel combination of existing design and evaluation methods in the form of a 5-step iterative process and show the feasibility of this method and some of the lessons learned through the design of a messaging application for two contexts (in car, walking). The iterative design process we employed included the following five basic steps: 1) identification of the limitations affecting the usage of different modalities in various contexts (contextual observations and context analysis) 2) identifying and selecting suitable interaction concepts and creating a general design for the multimodal application (storyboarding, use cases, interaction concepts, task breakdown, application UI and interaction design), 3) creating modality-specific UI designs, 4) rapid prototyping and 5) evaluating the prototype in naturalistic situations to find key issues to be taken into account in the next iteration. We have not only found clear indications that context affects users' preferences in the usage of modalities and interaction strategies but also identified some of these. For instance, while speech interaction was preferred in the car environment users did not consider it useful when they were walking. 2D (finger strokes) and especially 3D (tilt) gestures were preferred by walking users.
Linear Logic Proof Games and Optimization (1996)

§ 1. Introduction . Perhaps the most surprising recent development in complexity theory is the discovery that the class NP can be characterized using a form of randomized proof checker that only examines a constant number of bits of the “proof” that a string is in a language [6, 5, 31, 3, 4]. More specifically, writing ∣ x ∣ for the length of a string x , a language L in the class NP of languages recognizable in Nondeterministic polynomial time is traditionally given by a polynomial p and a polynomial-time predicate P such that a string x is in L iff there is some string y satisfying P (x, y), where ∣ y ∣ ≤ p (∣ x ∣). Intuitively, we can think of a string y as a possible proof that x ϵ L , with the predicate P some kind of proof checker that distinguishes good proofs from bad ones. A string x is therefore in a language L ϵ NP if there is a short proof that x ϵ L , and not in L otherwise. The surprising discovery is that the deterministic proof checker that reads the entire input and proof can be replaced by a probabilistic verifier that on input x and possible proof y , where y is presented in a certain way, flips at most O (log ∣ x ∣) coins and reads at most a constant number of bits of x and y . Obviously, a probabilistic verifier that does not read the whole proof will sometimes make mistakes. However, the surprising and essentially non-intuitive mathematical fact is that for each language L in NP, it is possible to find a polynomial q and verifier V flipping a logarithmic number of coins and reading a constant number of bits such that, for any x ϵ L , there exists y with ∣ y ∣ ≤ q(∣ x ∣) and with V (x, y) accepting with probability 1 and, for x ∉ L , there is no y with ∣ y ∣ ≤ q (∣ x ∣) and with V (x, y) accepting with probability ≥ 1/4. This idea canalsobeextended to PSPACE [10, 9], using a game that alternates between two players instead of a proof presented by a “single player.”
Synthesis of Isofagomine anda New C6 Pyrrolidine Azasugar with Potential BiologicalActivity (2008)

An efficient asymmetric synthesis of isofagomine, based on a precursor containing three differentiated hydroxyl functions, is described. The side product in the key alkylation step is converted into (2S,3R,4R)-2,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-hydroxypyrrolidine, a new C-6 pyrrolidine azasugar, which inhibits alpha-glucosidase from yeast.
Single-centre audit of endoscopic common bile duct stone retrieval (1999)

Abstract Background Endoscopic extraction of stones in the bile duct is not without risk, with complications occurring in up to 10 per cent of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the success and complications of stone retrieval by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in this institution. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of a prospective database for all ERCPs (single operator, single institution) between 1990 and 1995. Some 271 consecutive patients with a strong suspicion of bile duct stones, from history or investigations, were studied. All patients underwent ERCP and attempted retrieval of bile duct stones if detected. Treatment success was strictly defined as a stone-free postprocedure radiograph. All patients were followed to identify complications occurring within 30 days of the procedure. Results The median age of the 271 patients was 73 (range 17–96) years; 62 per cent were women. Some 139 patients had 162 significant other medical conditions (61 per cent cardiopulmonary) that required specialist treatment. The presenting symptoms included painful jaundice (34 per cent), acute pancreatitis (25 per cent), cholangitis (17 per cent), painless jaundice (14 per cent) and abdominal pain alone (9 per cent). Stones were seen at ERCP in 192 patients (71 per cent); the median number of stones was 1 (range 0–20). Successful endoscopic stone retrieval was achieved in 136 patients (71 per cent) at the first attempt, with an overall success rate of 90 per cent. The median number of ERCPs per patient was 1 (range 1–4). There were five false-negative ERCPs (2 per cent) and 19 retrieval failures (10 per cent), which included requirement for percutaneous cholangiography or endoscopic stenting for successful treatment. Complications occurred in eight␣patients (3 per cent), and included cholangitis (1␣per cent), pancreatitis (less than 1 per cent) and haemorrhage (less than 1 per cent). There were two procedure-related deaths (1 per cent), from myocardial infarction and cholangitis. Conclusion Endoscopic stone retrieval can be achieved successfully with low morbidity and mortality rates, even in patients with significant co-morbidity. These data provide further support for dedicated units offering a regional ERCP service.
Characteristic lipid profiles of canine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma from surgical biopsy tissue sections and fine needle aspirate smears by desorption electrospray ionization – mass spectrometry (2015)

Canine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of cancers representing approximately 15% of all canine cancers. Further, canine NHL mimics human disease in regards to histopathology and clinical behavior and could function as a comparative model. Diagnosis is currently performed by histopathological evaluation of surgical biopsy specimens and fine needle aspirate (FNA) cytology, an alternative and less invasive method for diagnosis. Desorption electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) imaging was performed on tissue sections of surgical biopsies and FNA smears. Mass spectra acquired from normal lymph nodes and NHL tumors were explored using multivariate statistics (e.g. principal component analysis). Tissue sections yielded a predicted sensitivity of 100% for normal and 93.1% for tumor. Further, preliminary results suggest B-cell and T-cell lymphoma can be discriminated (CV sensitivity of 95.5% and 85.7%, respectively). Normal and B-cell NHL FNA samples analyzed by DESI produced spectra that were similar to spectra obtained from surgical biopsies. FNA samples were evaluated using a PCA-LDA classification system built using tissue section data, exploring if the chemical information obtained from the different sample types is similar and whether DESI-MS performed on FNA samples is of diagnostic value. FNA prediction rate for normal (85.7%) and B-cell NHL (89.3%) indicated that DESI-MS analysis of FNA, not previously explored, could provide rapid preliminary diagnosis. Certainly, MS provides complementary molecular information to be used in conjunction with histopathology/cytology, potentially improving diagnostic confidence. The methodology outlined here is applicable to canine NHL, further supports canine models of human NHL, and translation to humans is envisioned.
Fistulas to the urinary system in Crohn's disease: clinical features and outcomes (2002)

Urinary tract fistulas in Crohn's disease occurred more often in men. Patients with these fistulas presented with pneumaturia, dysuria, recurrent infections, and fecaluria. The most helpful diagnostic tests were cystoscopy and CT of abdomen/pelvis. Surgery resulted in durable remission. Medical therapy for these fistulas deserves further study.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Dromedary Camels in Africa and Middle East (2019)

<b>:</b> Dromedary camels are the natural reservoirs of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camels are mostly bred in East African countries then exported into Africa and Middle East for consumption. To understand the distribution of MERS-CoV among camels in North Africa and the Middle East, we conducted surveillance in Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, Uganda, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq. We also performed longitudinal studies of three camel herds in Egypt and Jordan to elucidate MERS-CoV infection and transmission. Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 4027 nasal swabs and 3267 serum samples were collected from all countries. Real- time PCR revealed that MERS-CoV RNA was detected in nasal swab samples from Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, and Saudi Arabia. Microneutralization assay showed that antibodies were detected in all countries. Positive PCR samples were partially sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was built. The tree suggested that all sequences are of clade C and sequences from camels in Egypt formed a separate group from previously published sequences. Longitudinal studies showed high seroprevalence in adult camels. These results indicate the widespread distribution of the virus in camels. A systematic active surveillance and longitudinal studies for MERS-CoV are needed to understand the epidemiology of the disease and dynamics of viral infection.
Role of 3 domain of class I MHC molecules in the activation of high- and low-avidity CD8+ CTLs (2007)

CD8 can serve as a co-receptor or accessory molecule on the surface of CTL. As a co-receptor, CD8 can bind to the alpha3 domain of the same MHC class I molecules as the TCR to facilitate TCR signaling. To evaluate the role of the MHC class I molecule alpha3 domain in the activation of CD8(+) CTL, we have produced a soluble 227 mutant of H-2D(d), with a point mutation in the alpha3 domain (Glu227 --> Lys). 227 mutant class I-peptide complexes were not able to effectively activate H-2D(d)-restricted CD8 T cells in vitro, as measured by IFN-gamma production by an epitope-specific CD8(+) CTL line. However, the 227 mutant class I-peptide complexes in the presence of another MHC class I molecule (H-2K(b)) (that cannot present the peptide) with a normal alpha3 domain can induce the activation of CD8(+) CTL. Therefore, in order to activate CD8(+) CTL, the alpha3 domain of MHC class I does not have to be located on the same molecule with the alpha1 and alpha2 domains of MHC class I. A low-avidity CD8(+) CTL line was significantly less sensitive to stimulation by the 227 mutant class I-peptide complexes in the presence of the H-2K(b) molecule. Thus, low-avidity CTL may not be able to take advantage of the interaction between CD8 and the alpha3 domain of non-presenting class I MHC molecules, perhaps because of a shorter dwell time for the TCR-MHC interaction.
Role of ischemia in contrast-induced renal damage: an experimental study. (1984)

Total and regional cortical blood flow was measured in dogs by the radioactive microsphere technique after renal damage of varying severity had been induced by combining selective injection of diatrizoate, iopamidol, or normal saline with a 10 min occlusion of the renal artery. There was extensive tubular and glomerular damage in the kidneys exposed to diatrizoate, but not in the kidneys exposed to saline. Iopamidol caused intermediate changes. Average cortical blood flow was reduced from baseline levels in all groups 5 min after perfusion was restored. After 1 hr the flow had returned to the baseline level. Analysis of variance did not show a statistically significant difference among the groups. A tendency for redistribution of flow from outer to inner cortical layers was seen, but this was present in all groups. The flow changes detected in this study cannot explain the varying severity of renal damage.
Macromolecular engineering via ring-opening polymerization (3): trimethylene carbonate block copolymers derived from glycerol (2013)

Linear trimethylene carbonate (1,3-dioxane-2-one, TMC) thermoplastic copolymers derived from glycerol have been synthesized upon sequential copolymerization. The “immortal” ring-opening polymerization (iROP) of the benzyloxy-substituted TMC, 3-benzyloxytrimethylene carbonate (BTMC), with systems composed of the β-diketiminate discrete zinc complex [(BDIiPr)Zn(N(SiMe3)2)] or the phosphazene base 2-tert-butylimino-2-diethylamino-1,3-dimethylperhydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphorine (BEMP) as a catalyst, and benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as an initiator/chain transfer agent is first described. Next, diblock and triblock copolycarbonates featuring a TMC segment along with one or two adjacent BTMC, or 2,2-dimethoxypropane-1,3-diol carbonate (TMC(OMe)2), or racemic β-butyrolactone (BL) chains have been prepared. The copolymerization under “immortal” operating conditions was carried out in bulk or toluene solution and promoted by [(BDIiPr)Zn(N(SiMe3)2)] as a catalyst, and either BnOH, 1,3-propanediol, or the poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) derived macro-ols, H-PTMC-OBn or H-PTMC-H, as an initiator/chain transfer agent. In particular, the PTMC-b-[poly(TMC(OMe)2)]1,2 couple of copolymers provide a basis for the assessment of thermal and mechanical property differentiation in close relationship with the co-monomers content. Unlike PTMC which is elastomeric and P(TMC(OMe)2) which is rather rigid and brittle much like semi-crystalline poly(L-lactide), the diblock and triblock copolymers show characteristics lying in between those of each homopolymer, without any significant influence of the topology. Thus PTMC/PTMC(OMe)2 block copolymers mechanically behave similarly to PTMC/PLLA block copolymers.
“Golden” Cascade Cyclization to Benzo[c]‐Phenanthridines (2021)

Herein, we describe a gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization of Boc-protected benzylamines bearing two tethered alkyne moieties in a domino reaction initiated by a 6-endo-dig cyclization. The reaction was screened intensively, and the scope was explored, resulting in nine new Boc-protected dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridines with yields of up to 98 %; even a π-extension and two bidirectional approaches were successful. Furthermore, thermal cleavage of the Boc group and subsequent oxidation gave substituted benzo[c]phenanthridines in up to quantitative yields. Two bidirectional approaches under the optimized conditions were successful, and the resulting π-extended molecules were tested as organic semiconductors in organic thin-film transistors.
Register organization for media processing (2002)

Processor architectures with tens to hundreds of arithmetic units are emerging to handle media processing applications. These applications, such as image coding, image synthesis and image understanding, require arithmetic rates of up to 10/sup 11/ operations per second. As the number of arithmetic units in a processor increases to meet these demands, register storage and communication between the arithmetic units dominate the area, delay and power of the arithmetic units. In this paper, we show that partitioning the register file along three axes reduces the cost of register storage and communication without significantly impacting performance. We develop a taxonomy of register architectures by partitioning across the data-parallel, instruction-level-parallel and memory-hierarchy axes, and by optimizing the hierarchical register organization for operation on streams of data. Compared to a centralized global register file, the most compact of these organizations reduces the register file area, delay and power dissipation of a media processor by factors of 195, 230 and 430 respectively. This reduction in cost is achieved with a performance degradation of only 8% on a representative set of media processing benchmarks.