gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
API RP2T and RP2FPS: Moving Forward (2008)

API is developing updates for two key floating/tethered system documents for issuance in 2008. Impactful changes in RP 2T based on learnings from the 2004-2005 hurricane season, over 10 years of experience and technology development and metocean changes have been incorporated. Additional criteria regarding tendon loss/damage and an integrity check for conditions significantly above the 100 year design basis will be discussed.API RP 2FPS is being developed using ISO 19904 as a basis (19904 was built upon the current version of RP 2FPS and updated) and
High Gradient Magnetic Separation Combined With Electrocoagulation and Electrochemical Oxidation for the Treatment of Landfill Leachate (2004)

Landfill leachate was treated in a bench scale plant by high gradient magnetic separation combined with electrocoagulation using iron electrodes and electrochemical oxidation. The electrocoagulation with iron electrodes was used as a magnetic seeding method for phosphorus and organic compounds. Some organic compounds in landfill leachate was coagulated by iron(II) hydrates or hydroxides produced from iron electrodes. Phosphorus in landfill leachate was also suspended as iron phosphate. These magnetized solids were removed by high gradient magnetic separation using a superconducting magnet. The removal rate of total phosphate (T-P) was approximately 90% at a flow rate of 100 L/h. Residuals in the effluent of magnetic filter such as ammonium nitrogen (NH/sub 4/ - N) and chemical oxygen demands (COD) were destroyed by electrochemical oxidation using Ti/PbO/sub 2/ anode. The hypochlorite generated from oxidation of chloride in leachate might play a key oxidant in the effective removal of NH/sub 4/ - N. The experimental result showed that the pretreatment combined process of electrocoagulation using iron electrodes and high gradient magnetic separation might improve the charge efficiency in electrochemical oxidation. Several chemicals that were suspected of having environmental endocrine disrupting effects was also decreased.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBON‐CARBON BOND‐FORMING REACTIONS USING CERIUM METAL OR ORGANOCERIUM(III) REAGENTS (1985)

Abstract Die primären Halogenide (I) reagieren mit Cer‐Amalgam (III) und den Carbonylverbindungen (II) zu den Alkoholen (IV).
Genetic Algorithm Optimization of Multi Core Fibre Transmission Links based on Silicon Photonic Transceivers (2019)

We demonstrate a genetic algorithm based system that can optimize optical interconnects using silicon photonic multi-core fibre coupled transceiver. The GA selects 48 parameters to deliver a minimum 6.9×10−16 BER on channels with diverse losses.
Computation of internal turbulent flow with a large separated flow region (1986)

Abstract An implicit two‐equation turbulence solver, KEM. in generalized co‐ordinates, is used in conjunction with the three‐dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes solver, INS3D, to calculate the internal flow in a channel and a channel with a sudden 2:3 expansion. A new and consistent boundary procedure for a low Reynolds number form of the κ‐ε turbulence model is chosen to integrate the equations up to the wall. The high Reynolds number form of the equations is integrated using wall functions. The latter approach yields a faster convergence to the steady‐state solution than the former. For the case of channel flow, both the wall‐function and wall‐boundary‐condition approaches yield results in good agreement with the experimental data. The back‐step (sudden expansion) flow is calculated using the wall‐function approach. The predictions are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
Load-side acceleration control based on load-side velocity disturbance observer for geared actuator (2023)

This paper focuses on load-side acceleration control of geared actuator that is modeled as a two-inertia system for industrial/non-industrial robot applications. This paper uses a load-side acceleration sensor that is capable of acquiring direct current components. Conventional load-side acceleration control has some high-frequency components due to the noise effect of an acceleration sensor due to the use of two observers that combines acceleration sensor. This paper proposes a load-side acceleration control system based on a load-side velocity disturbance observer and motor-side velocity controller for a geared actuator of an industrial robot with mechanical resonance. The proposed approach employs a motor-side velocity controller and a load-side velocity disturbance observer, which are employed to simplify the plant system, and compensate for the velocity disturbance on the load side, respectively. This approach has a structure in that the noise effect of the acceleration sensor is small compared with the conventional approach. The effectiveness of the proposed load-side acceleration controller is verified via theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and practical experiments.
Fatigue-Crack Propagation of High-Density Polyethylene Homopolymers: Influence of Molecular Weight Distribution and Temperature (2021)

The present study focuses on the influence of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) on the crack-growth kinetics of fatigue-crack propagation in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) homopolymers. Compact-tension specimens of HDPE homopolymer grades, with polydispersities ranging from 2 to 45 and weight-averaged molar mass ranging from 49 to 450 kg/mol, are tested in cyclic loading at temperatures ranging between 23 and 92 °C. Through a variation of sample thickness, linear elastic-fracture mechanics is shown to apply for the chosen geometry (compact tension). It was found that the crack-propagation kinetics obey the Paris–Erdogan law, for which the Paris–Erdogan exponent m is (highly) similar for all grades tested (m = 3.9), implying that the Paris–Erdogan prefactor A is the governing parameter for the crack-growth kinetics. Relatively poor correlations are observed when the prefactor A is plotted as a function of both the tie-molecule fraction derived from the theoretical model by Huang and Brown, J. Mater. Sci. 1988, 23, 3648, and the average number of effective physical cross-links per chain as derived by Tervoort et al., Macromolecules 2002, 35, 8467. A far better correlation is observed between prefactor A and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw), which improved further when Mw is corrected for the width of the MWD, taking into account the z-average molecular weight Mz, through the ratio Mz/Mw. A power-law correlation of prefactor A with Mw and the width-corrected Mw reveals slopes of −3.4 and −3.3, respectively. Because a molecular slip within the fibrils would require chain transport through the crystalline blocks, the temperature dependence of the fatigue-crack-growth kinetics is investigated to identify the underlying molecular processes. This investigation reveals the existence of a high-temperature and a low-temperature deformation process, both of which can be related to chain-slip mechanisms through their respective activation energies (125 and 50 kJ/mole), as their activation energies are considerably lower than that required for chain scission (430 kJ/mol). This, combined with the power-law exponent of −3.4, would suggest a possible connection between the underlying failure mechanisms of craze fibrils and reptation-like dynamics. Furthermore, experiments at elevated temperatures on a selection of homopolymer grades suggest that the MWD has no influence on the temperature dependence of fatigue-crack propagation for HDPE homopolymers.
Synthesis and enzyme-catalysed reductions of 2-oxo acids with oxygen containing side-chains (2000)

A series of novel 2-oxo esters with protected alcohols at the 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-positions has been prepared either via coupling of an aldehyde with an organometallic reagent (Zn, In or Cr) or via a one-carbon homologation of the precursor acid. A one-pot dual enzyme system was used to convert the simpler 2-oxo acids (with a single MOM ether at either C-3 or C-4) into enantiopure protected 2,3- and 2,4-dihydroxy acids in good yields, but in the cases of the more complex trisubstituted substrates, significant decomposition occurred. Biotransformations have proved valuable for the enantioselective synthesis of protected 2,6,7-trihydroxyhept-3-enoic acids.
Efficient Synthesis of NK1 Receptor Antagonist Aprepitant Using a Crystallization-Induced Diastereoselective Transformation (2003)

An efficient stereoselective synthesis of the orally active NK(1) receptor antagonist Aprepitant is described. A direct condensation of N-benzyl ethanolamine with glyoxylic acid yielded a 2-hydroxy-1,4-oxazin-3-one which was activated as the corresponding trifluoroacetate. A Lewis acid mediated coupling with enantiopure (R)-1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethan-1-ol afforded a 1:1 mixture of acetal diastereomers which was converted into a single isomer via a novel crystallization-induced asymmetric transformation. The resulting 1,4-oxazin-3-one was converted via a unique and highly stereoselective one-pot process to the desired alpha-(fluorophenyl)morpholine derivative. Interesting and unexpected [1,2]-Wittig and [1,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements were identified during the optimization of these key steps. In the final step, a triazolinone side chain was appended to the morpholine core. The targeted clinical candidate was thus obtained in 55% overall yield over the longest linear sequence.
A Mathematical Model for Vibration-Induced Loosening of Preloaded Threaded Fasteners (2009)

A mathematical model is proposed for studying the vibration induced loosening of threaded fasteners that are subjected to harmonic transverse excitation, which often causes slippage between the contact surfaces between engaged threads and under the bolt head. Integral equations are derived for the cyclic shear forces as well as the bearing and thread friction torque components. They depend on the ratio of the relative rotational to translational velocities. The relationship between the dynamic thread shear force and bending moment is developed. When the external transverse excitation is large enough, it causes the threaded fasteners to loosen. Numerical results show that the dynamic transverse shear forces on the underhead contact surface, and between the engaged threads, decrease the bearing, and thread friction torque components. The effect of bolt preload, bearing and thread friction coefficients, the amplitude of the harmonic transverse excitation, and the bolt underhead bending on the bolt loosening are investigated. Experimental verification of the analytical model results of the bolt twisting torque is provided.
Polyarthritis in four patients with chikungunya arthritis. (2012)

The incidence of chikungunya infection in Singapore has been on the rise since the first reported case in 2006. Acute polyarthritis, a common manifestation among affected patients, may precede fever and present with debilitating arthritis to rheumatologists, orthopaedists, internists and primary care physicians. The diagnosis of chikungunya infection requires careful history taking and a high index of suspicion, with supporting evidence from the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or the chikungunya IgM serology test. Treatment of chikungunya arthritis usually involves non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Rarely, polyarthritis in chikungunya may persist even after resolution of the acute infection, necessitating treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. In this article, we present the different manifestations of chikungunya arthritis in our local setting and review the literature.
CCG•CGG interruptions in high penetrance SCA8 families increase RAN translation and protein toxicity (2021)

Abstract Spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA8), a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CTG•CAG expansion, is unusual because most individuals that carry the mutation do not develop ataxia. To understand the variable penetrance of SCA8 we studied the molecular differences between highly penetrant families and more common sporadic cases (82%) using a large cohort of SCA8 families (N=77). We show that repeat expansion mutations from individuals with two or more affected family members have CCG•CGG interruptions at a higher frequency than sporadic SCA8 cases and that the number of CCG•CGG interruptions correlates with age at onset. At the molecular level, CCG•CGG interruptions increase RNA hairpin stability and steady state levels of SCA8 RAN polyAla and polySer proteins. Additionally, the CCG•CGG interruptions, which encode arginine interruptions in the polyGln frame increase the toxicity of the resulting proteins. In summary, CCG•CGG interruptions increase polyAla and polySer RAN protein levels, polyGln protein toxicity and disease penetrance and provide novel insight into the molecular differences between SCA8 families with high vs. low disease penetrance.
Multi-objective optimal control of a heart assist device (2002)

Heart assist devices play an important role in the treatment of heart disease. One of the key issues with these devices is the control of pump speed to satisfy multiple clinical requirements such as providing adequate cardiac output at appropriate left atrial pressure and systolic arterial pressure. A controller based on a multi-objective performance criterion is being developed at the University of Pittsburgh to fulfill these requirements. This paper describes the criterion and the penalty functions from which it is derived. The algorithm was applied to simulated cardiovascular data and to data from animals with implanted assist devices, and some preliminary results on the shape of the noninferior set defined by the penalty functions were obtained.
Integrated NiSi waveguide heaters for CMOS-compatible silicon thermo-optic devices (2010)

We report the performance of NiSi-based heaters integrated with submicrometer silicon waveguides. The heaters were fabricated using a standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) silicidation process on a thin silicon slab laterally connected with a silicon rib waveguide. The intrinsic properties of such NiSi waveguide heaters were characterized by using them as thermo-optic phase shifters in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The power consumption P(pi) for obtaining a pi phase shift was measured to be as low as 20 mW, using CMOS-compatible drive voltages. The time constant of the thermo-optic response was less than 2.8 mus. Simulations suggest that a further reduction in the power consumption P(pi) is feasible.
Spin stress contribution to the lattice dynamics of FePt (2020)

Invar-behavior occurring in many magnetic materials has long been of interest to materials science. Here, we show not only invar behavior of a continuous film of FePt but also even negative thermal expansion of FePt nanograins upon equilibrium heating. Yet, both samples exhibit pronounced transient expansion upon laser heating in femtosecond x-ray diffraction experiments. We show that the granular microstructure is essential to support the contractive out-of-plane stresses originating from in-plane expansion via the Poisson effect that add to the uniaxial contractive stress driven by spin disorder. We prove the spin contribution by saturating the magnetic excitations with a first laser pulse and then detecting the purely expansive response to a second pulse. The contractive spin stress is reestablished on the same 100-ps time scale that we observe for the recovery of the ferromagnetic order. Finite-element modeling of the mechanical response of FePt nanosystems confirms the morphology dependence of the dynamics.
Surgical management of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in oncologic patients: a challenging problem. (2011)

Surgical treatment of BRONJ remains challenging. There is only limited evidence that oncologic patients with BRONJ are candidates for vascularized bone reconstruction.
FT Pulsed ESR/Electron Spin Transient Nutation (ESTN) Spec-Troscopy Applied to High-Spin Systems in Solids; Direct Evi-Dence of a Topologically Controlled High-Spin Polymer as Models for Quasi ID Organic Ferro-and Superpara-Magnets (1996)

Abstract FT Pulsed ESR/Electron Spin Transient Nutation(ESTN) Spectroscopy has been, for the first time, extended to amorphous and powder states of materials. Recently, organic high-spin polymers and clusters have emerged. With the increasing molecular spin quantum number S and molecular weight of the polymers, cw ESR spectroscopy manifests its inherent disadvantages in discriminating high spins from S=½ and in determining the S's for the complex mixture of various spin assemblages. An electron spin transient nutation (ESTN) method based on pulsed ESR spectroscopy has been for the first time applied to a quasi 1D neutral high-spin polymers (A) as one of the most complex amorphous spin assemblages, identifying that the first neutral high-spin polymer A is comprised of high-spin assemblages characterized by the even S's greater than ½. The molecular quantum spin number S have been identified up to S=4, showing direct evidence of the occurrence of a high-spin polymer with a π-topologically controlled spin polarization. Eelectron spin transient nutation spectroscopy is facile and useful method for the exclusive identification of S and ESR transitions even for the cases of apparently vanishing fine-structure splittings and for spin systems with residual fine-structure terms in the spin Hamiltonian Fundamental bases for the transient nutation method are described, emphasizing inherent advantages in the nutation spectroscopy from the methodological viewpoint. The salient feature of multiple-quantum nutations have been disclosed in this work.
Dissociated Fear and Spatial Learning in Mice with Deficiency of Ataxin-2 (2009)

Mouse models with physiological and behavioral differences attributable to differential plasticity of hippocampal and amygdalar neuronal networks are rare. We previously generated ataxin-2 (Atxn2) knockout mice and demonstrated that these animals lacked obvious anatomical abnormalities of the CNS, but showed marked obesity and reduced fertility. We now report on behavioral changes as a consequence of Atxn2-deficiency. Atxn2-deficiency was associated with impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) in the amygdala, but normal LTP in the hippocampus. Intact hippocampal plasticity was associated behaviorally with normal Morris Water maze testing. Impaired amygdala plasticity was associated with reduced cued and contextual fear conditioning. Conditioned taste aversion, however, was normal. In addition, knockout mice showed decreased innate fear in several tests and motor hyperactivity in open cage testing. Our results suggest that Atxn2-deficiency results in a specific set of behavioral and cellular disturbances that include motor hyperactivity and abnormal fear-related behaviors, but intact hippocampal function. This animal model may be useful for the study of anxiety disorders and should encourage studies of anxiety in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2).
Stochastic Computing via In Operando Modulation of Rectification in Molecular Tunneling Junctions (2020)

This paper describes the reconfiguration of molecular tunneling junctions during operation via the self-assembly of bilayers of glycol ethers. We use well-established functional groups to modulate the magnitude and direction of rectification in assembled tunneling junctions by exposing them to solutions containing different glycol ethers. Variable-temperature measurements establish that rectification occurs by a bias-dependent tunneling-hopping mechanism and that glycol ethers, beside being an unusually efficient tunneling medium, behave identically to alkanes. We fabricated memory bits from crossbar junctions prepared by injecting eutectic Ga-In into microfluidic channels. Two 8-bit registers were able to perform logical AND operations on bit strings encoded into chemical packets as microfluidic droplets that alter the composition of the crossbar junctions through self-assembly to effect memristor-like properties. This proof of concept work demonstrates the potential for fieldable molecular-electronic devices based on tunneling junctions of self-assembled monolayers and bilayers.
Ultra-small one-chip color-less multiplexer/demultiplexer using silicon photonic circuit (2008)

Using silicon waveguides, an arrayed waveguide grating and switches are integrated into one chip. Low-power and fast-speed reconfigurability of optical paths within a 2-mm device is demonstrated.
213BI-[DOTA0,TYR3]OCTREOTIDE (Bi-DOTATOC) IN PEPTIDE RECEPTOR RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY (PRRT): RADIOLABELING, STABILITY, AND BIODISTRIBUTION. (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine
Metabolomic “Dark Matter” Dependent on Peroxisomal β-Oxidation in Caenorhabditis elegans (2018)

Peroxisomal β-oxidation (pβo) is a highly conserved fat metabolism pathway involved in the biosynthesis of diverse signaling molecules in animals and plants. In Caenorhabditis elegans, pβo is required for the biosynthesis of the ascarosides, signaling molecules that control development, lifespan, and behavior in this model organism. Via comparative mass spectrometric analysis of pβo mutants and wildtype, we show that pβo in C. elegans and the satellite model P. pacificus contributes to life stage-specific biosynthesis of several hundred previously unknown metabolites. The pβo-dependent portion of the metabolome is unexpectedly diverse, e.g., intersecting with nucleoside and neurotransmitter metabolism. Cell type-specific restoration of pβo in pβo-defective mutants further revealed that pβo-dependent submetabolomes differ between tissues. These results suggest that interactions of fat, nucleoside, and other primary metabolism pathways can generate structural diversity reminiscent of that arising from combinatorial strategies in microbial natural product biosynthesis.
Stability enhancement of Perovskite solar cells using mixed cation/Halide Perovskite (2020)

<br/>Perovskite (PVSK) has emerged as a solar cell material rivaling silicon and quantum dots due to their increasing power conversion efficiency (PCE). PVSK is limited because its hybrid organic inorganic halide ABX<sub>3</sub> structure (i.e. methylammonium lead iodide, MAPbI<sub>3</sub>) is unstable. To reduce degradation and enhance efficiency, Cs, formamidinium (FA) cations
Figure S8 from Vaccination with Designed Neopeptides Induces Intratumoral, Cross-reactive CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell Responses in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Vaccinated D-neopeptides activate tumor-infiltrating antitumor T cells. (A) Circos plots provide an overview of the frequencies of Vβ-Jβ pairing in the primary and recurrent tumors. (B) Surface TCR β chain expression of the D-neopeptide-specific CD4+ TCCs was analyzed using FACs.&lt;/p&gt;
A codebook-based precoding for dual-hop downlink with MIMO amplify-and-forward relaying (2009)

This paper deals with the practical precoding design for a two-hop downlink with MIMO amplify-and-forward relaying. A novel scheme of codebook-based joint precoding at both the base station and the relay station is first presented, in which a distributed codeword selection is proposed to concurrently choose two joint precoders such that the feedback delay is considerably reduced. Then, the joint codebook design in such a joint precoding system is analyzed, revealing that independent codebook designs at the base station and relay station using the conventional Grassmannian subspace packing method is able to guarantee that the overall performance improves with either size of two codebooks. The excellent performances of the proposed scheme, in terms of both the sum rate and the BER, are finally confirmed with computational simulations.