gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Permanent Magnet Motor Technology on Larger Drilling Equipment for Improved Safety and Better Control (2006)

Abstract Permanent magnet motor technology has been used for many years in small applications such as common hand held power tools. However, the technology has not been widely implemented on larger sized motors due to the relatively high cost of producing the permanent magnets. Over the past 4 years however this cost has been reduced and the benefits of PM motor technology is now economically feasible for larger drilling equipment such as utility winches, drawworks and top drives. Another important reason why the PM motor technology now is feasible in larger machines is the recent development of improved control systems for these motors. When using PM-motors in winch applications, operational safety is improved due to the inherent failsafe electrical braking characteristics in PM-motor technology. Another benefit is that the power-to-weight/size ratio can be improved up to 30% compared with a standard induction motor. Permanent magnet motors additionally lend themselves to greater flexibility for high torque and low speed applications thus reducing the need for gear transmissions and in some cases eliminating the transmission all together. This simplifies the overall mechanical design and improves the ability to accurately control the machines. This paper focuses on the opportunities to introduce larger drilling equipment with better performance characteristics related to increased capacities, improved control, enhanced safety, and reduced maintenance as a result of simplified mechanical design. The paper also discusses the challenges related to current regulations and standards that do not recognize with new and improved technology. Manufactures of drilling equipment should work closer together with the authorities and certification organizations to update standards and regulations so that this does not hinder introduction of new and better technology.
SEI Composition on Hard Carbon in Na-Ion Batteries After Long Cycling: Influence of Salts (NaPF6, NaTFSI) and Additives (FEC, DMCF) (2020)

A study of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) on hard-carbon (HC) electrodes in sodium half-cells is presented. Electrochemical performances over &gt; 100 cycles were compared with two different salts (NaPF 6 , NaTFSI) and two different electrolyte additives (FEC, DMCF) in a mixture of EC and DMC solvents. The best electrochemical performances were observed with NaPF 6 salt in conjunction with 3% FEC. The DMCF additive had a detrimental effect in all electrolyte combinations. The chemical characterization of the SEI was carried out by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and showed that the best electrochemical behavior was related to an SEI composition based on sodium ethylene dicarbonate and NaF, whereas poorer electrochemical performances were associated to either low NaF or high Na 2 CO 3 content. The results reported herein provide an insight on the SEI chemistry on hard carbon electrodes in sodium cells after long-term cycling, as a complement to previous studies dealing with the first cycles.
LASER EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY OF ZINC AND CADMIUM CYCLOPENTADIENIDES (1991)

Author Institution: Laser Spectroscopy Facility, The Ohio State University
[The oil, fatty acid and squalene content of varieties of raw and processed amaranth grain]. (2009)

The oil, fatty acid and squalene content of varieties of raw and processed grain amaranth. Six amaranth grain varieties were processed to yield a nixtamalized flour, one cooked in water, one expanded, a malted one and a laminate samples after a thermic treatment. The chemical values of the raw samples contained from 14.5% to 15.1% protein, 5.9 to 6.7% ether extract and from 2.3% to 3.2% ash on a dry weight basis. The flours from the different processes yield products with a fat content which varied from 6.4% to 7.0% for the 6 varieties. The flours coming from dry heat processing contained higher oil levels than those flours coming from wet processes. The oil from only 3 varieties and from 4 processes were analyzed from its fatty acid composition. The oil contained on the average 17.85% of C16:0, 68.1% of stearic, olic and linoleic acids, 3.86% of C18:3, 5.1% of C20:0 and small amounts of C20:1 and C22:0. The squalene content in the oil of the processed flours varied from 7.0 to 9.6 g/100 g for the raw flour, 8.1 -12.6 g/100 g for the flour from wet cooking in water, 9.0 -12.7g/ 100 g for the flour from the nixtamalization process, 10.1-12.8g/ 100 g for the expanded grain flour, 9.0 to 11.2 g/100 g for the malted flour and 6.0-9.5 g/100 g for the laminated grain flour. The squalene averages per process showed statistical significant differences.
Highly sensitive and selective SO2 MOF sensor: the integration of MFM-300 MOF as a sensitive layer on a capacitive interdigitated electrode (2018)

This work reports on the fabrication of an advanced capacitive sensor based on a MFM-300 (In) MOF for the detection of SO<sub>2</sub> at room temperature. The sensor revealed remarkable SO<sub>2</sub> sensitivity down to 75 ppb with excellent stability and selectivity to other common gases/vapors.
ChemInform Abstract: The Design and Synthesis of Novel NK1/NK2 Dual Antagonists. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Distributed semantic networks and CLIPS (1991)

Semantic networks of frames are commonly used as a method of reasoning in many problems. In most of these applications the semantic network exists as a single entity in a single process environment. Advances in workstation hardware provide support for more sophisticated applications involving multiple processes, interacting in a distributed environment. In these applications the semantic network may well be distributed over several concurrently executing tasks. This paper describes the design and implementation of a frame based, distributed semantic network in which frames are accessed both through C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS) expert systems and procedural C++ language programs. The application area is a knowledge based, cooperative decision making model utilizing both rule based and procedural experts.
A Library of Late Transition Metal Alloy Dielectric Functions for Nanophotonic Applications (2020)

Abstract Accurate complex dielectric functions are critical to accelerate the development of rationally designed metal alloy systems for nanophotonic applications, and to thereby unlock the potential of alloying for tailoring nanostructure optical properties. To date, however, accurate alloy dielectric functions are widely lacking. Here, a time‐dependent density‐functional theory computational framework is employed to compute a comprehensive binary alloy dielectric function library for the late transition metals most commonly employed in plasmonics (Ag, Au, Cu, Pd, Pt). Excellent agreement is found between electrodynamic simulations based on these dielectric functions and selected alloy systems experimentally scrutinized in 10 at% composition intervals. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the dielectric functions can vary in very non‐linear fashion with composition, which paves the way for non‐trivial optical response optimization by tailoring material composition. The presented dielectric function library is thus a key resource for the development of alloy nanomaterials for applications in nanophotonics, optical sensors, and photocatalysis.
Differential Regulation of MUC5AC/Muc5ac and hCLCA-1/mGob-5 Expression in Airway Epithelium (2005)

This study demonstrates that the two biomarkers, MUC5AC/ Muc5ac and hCLCA1/Gob5, which are frequently associated with surface mucous/goblet cells in asthmatic airways, are differentially regulated. Intratracheal instillation of IL-13 (0.5 mug/mouse lung) elicited 8- and 110-fold induction of Muc5ac and Gob5 messages, respectively, within 24 h in wild-type mouse lung, whereas these inductions were abrogated in Stat6 knockout mice. The induction of MUC5AC/Muc5ac message could not be duplicated in vitro with primary tracheobronchial epithelial (TBE) cells derived from wild-type mice or humans, despite significant inductions still seen for hCLCA1/Gob5. Further studies with JAK inhibitors and STAT6 signaling showed active signaling of the JAK/STAT6 pathway in these primary TBE cultures by IL-13 in the regulation of hCLCA1 expression. Dual immunofluorescent staining with antibodies specific to MUC5AC and hCLCA1 revealed a differential nature of the expression of these two biomarkers by distinct cell types of primary TBE cultures. Finally, MUC5AC expression could be elevated by a bacterial product, peptidoglycan, without any induction of hCLCA1. Thus, these results suggest that the two biomakers of the metaplastic airway mucous cell type are differentially regulated by JAK/STAT6-dependent and -independent pathways.
Vagus nerve stimulation mitigates intrinsic cardiac neuronal remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy induced by chronic pressure overload in guinea pig (2016)

Our objective was to determine whether chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) mitigates pressure overload (PO)-induced remodeling of the cardioneural interface. Guinea pigs (n = 48) were randomized to right or left cervical vagus (RCV or LCV) implant. After 2 wk, chronic left ventricular PO was induced by partial (15-20%) aortic constriction. Of the 31 animals surviving PO induction, 10 were randomized to RCV VNS, 9 to LCV VNS, and 12 to sham VNS. VNS was delivered at 20 Hz and 1.14 ± 0.03 mA at a 22% duty cycle. VNS commenced 10 days after PO induction and was maintained for 40 days. Time-matched controls (n = 9) were evaluated concurrently. Echocardiograms were obtained before and 50 days after PO. At termination, intracellular current-clamp recordings of intrinsic cardiac (IC) neurons were studied in vitro to determine effects of therapy on soma characteristics. Ventricular cardiomyocyte sizes were assessed with histology along with immunoblot analysis of selected proteins in myocardial tissue extracts. In sham-treated animals, PO increased cardiac output (34%, P < 0.004), as well as systolic (114%, P < 0.04) and diastolic (49%, P < 0.002) left ventricular volumes, a hemodynamic response prevented by VNS. PO-induced enhancements of IC synaptic efficacy and muscarinic sensitivity of IC neurons were mitigated by chronic VNS. Increased myocyte size, which doubled in PO (P < 0.05), was mitigated by RCV. PO hypertrophic myocardium displayed decreased glycogen synthase (GS) protein levels and accumulation of the phosphorylated (inactive) form of GS. These PO-induced changes in GS were moderated by left VNS. Chronic VNS targets IC neurons accompanying PO to obtund associated adverse cardiomyocyte remodeling.
Landscape of genetic alterations in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. (2014)

9043 Background: Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare type of cancer with a mutational profile distinct from skin melanoma and poor prognosis in a metastatic setting. In the context of a dose-escalation clinical trial of the PKC inhibitor AEB071 (sotrastaurin) in UM we conducted genomic profiling of 52 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies from metastatic patients (pts), primarily from liver. Methods: Massively parallel sequencing of 288 clinically-relevant cancer genes was performed by Foundation Medicine at high depth (median 646X) to characterize mutations, amplifications (≥6 copies) and homozygous deletions. Results: Alterations of known or likely functional significance were frequent only in genes previously implicated in UM but two novel patterns were observed. All but two pts (96%) had a known activating mutation in either GNAQ (63%; Q209P/L/R or R183Q) or GNA11 (33%; Q209L). While this mutually exclusive pattern is a known feature of UM the higher prevalence reported here is likely due to the sequencing depth, as evidenced by low allele frequencies in some pts even after correcting for tumor purity. In addition truncations or splice site mutations in BAP1 were observed frequently (62%), in line with previous reports. The tumors harbored nearly complete mutual exclusivity between partial or putatively complete amplifications of chromosome 8q (52%) and recurrent mutations in SF3B1 (19%; R625C/H or V701F), a pattern previously unreported. In addition BAP1 mutations were frequent in 8q-amplification pts (23/25 [85%]) but rare in SF3B1-mutant pts (2/10 [20%]), suggesting complementary and redundant consequences of these lesions with BAP1 mutations respectively. Mutations of known or likely functional impact were otherwise rare. P53 and SMARCA4 were mutated in two pts each and 15 genes were mutated in a single pt. We then investigated the effect of genetic subtype on the baseline levels of pMARCKS as an indicator of PKC activity. No relationship with any gene or within GNAQ/GNA11 mutant subtypes was observed. However, pMARCKS levels were attenuated upon AEB071 treatment. Conclusions: High-depth sequencing of clinical pt metastases sheds new light on the interplay among the small group of genetic alterations observed in uveal melanoma.
Electrokinetic Particle Migration in Heterogeneous Electrolyte Systems (2003)

This paper presents a preliminary evaluation of an electrokinetic process for the buffer transfer and stacking of charged colloidal particles in solution. The mechanism exploits the effects of particle stacking across stacking across streamlines in a flow with electrical conductivity gradients transverse to the flow direction. Particle velocity fields and particle concentration measurements in a T-shaped microchannel system are presented. Upon application of an electric field, negatively charged particles are extracted from a low conductivity stream and stacked into a high conductivity stream. A simplified numerical model of the process with a commercial software code captures the generation of a transverse electric field.
Measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) in exhaled air and calculation of alveolar-capillary membrane diffusion capacity (2013)

Background: We found earlier [Babarskov E. at al. ERJ 2010; 36,suppl.54:504s] that lung diffusion capacity, DL, calculated by increasing rate of integral measured CO concenration, C M , in exhaled air at successive increasing breath holding time, corresponds membrane diffusion capacity, Dm. Measurements were performed in breathing regimes, when total dead volume (instrument+anatomic), V D , was much less than respiratory volume, ΔV, at maximal alveolar volume, V A . Aim: To determine the influence of V D on C M and to estimate the relationship beetwen DL and current alveolar volume,V. Methods: Mathematical modeling of CO gas exchange in lung and experimental data analysis. Results: Two models were considered: linear model (LM) when CO gas exchange in changing V takes place at constant DL (DL=Dm), and model of elastic membrane (MEM) when DL at breathing is changed proportionally to membrane surface area and inversely to its thickness (DL=Dm*(V/V A ) 4/3 ). Calculations were performed for two different breathing regimes at equal V A =7.0 L and Dm=60 mL/min/mmHg. Spontanios breathing, when alveolar volume is changed from V 0 =3.0 L to V 1 =4.0 L at equal mean inspiration and expiration flow rate, Q=20 L/min, and deep forced breathing at V 0 =2.0 L, V 1 =7.0 L and Q=100 L/min. Both models demonstrate strong dependence of C M from V D in case of spontanios breathing, but MEM more correctly aproximates experimental data, so at increasing V D from 0 to 0.5 L, C M is decreased by 1.7 fold. Conclusion: The dependence of C M from Dm was found for different breathing regimes taking into account V D . This allows to solve inverse task - to calculate D M using known C M values.
Transparent Wood Smart Windows: Polymer Electrochromic Devices Based on Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrene Sulfonate) Electrodes (2018)

Transparent wood composites, with their high strength and toughness, thermal insulation, and excellent transmissivity, offer a route to replace glass for diffusely transmitting windows. Here, conjugated-polymer-based electrochromic devices (ECDs) that switch on-demand are demonstrated using transparent wood coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a transparent conducting electrode. These ECDs exhibit a vibrant magenta-to-clear color change that results from a remarkably colorless bleached state. Furthermore, they require low energy and power inputs of 3 mWh m<sup>-2</sup> at 2 W m<sup>-2</sup> to switch due to a high coloration efficiency (590 cm<sup>2</sup> C<sup>-1</sup> ) and low driving voltage (0.8 V). Each device component is processed with high-throughput methods, which highlights the opportunity to apply this approach to fabricate mechanically robust, energy-efficient smart windows on a large scale.
Computing and Diagnosing Changes in Unit Test Energy Consumption (2010)

Many developers have reason to be concerned with with power consumption. For example, mobile app developers want to minimize how much power their applications draw, while still providing useful functionality. However, developers have few tools to get feedback about changes to their application's power consumption behavior as they implement an application and make changes to it over time. We present a tool that, using a team's existing test cases, performs repeated measurements of energy consumption based on instructions executed, objects generated, and blocking latency, generating a distribution of energy use estimates for each test run, recording these distributions in a time series of distributions over time. Then, when these distributions change substantially, we inform the developer of this change, and offer them diagnostic information about the elements of their code potentially responsible for the change and the inputs responsible. Through this information, we believe that developers will be better enabled to relate recent changes in their code to changes in energy consumption, enabling them to better incorporate changes in software energy consumption into their software evolution decisions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Human Motor Cortical Activity Is Selectively Phase-Entrained on Underlying Rhythms (2012)

The functional significance of electrical rhythms in the mammalian brain remains uncertain. In the motor cortex, the 12-20 Hz beta rhythm is known to transiently decrease in amplitude during movement, and to be altered in many motor diseases. Here we show that the activity of neuronal populations is phase-coupled with the beta rhythm on rapid timescales, and describe how the strength of this relation changes with movement. To investigate the relationship of the beta rhythm to neuronal dynamics, we measured local cortical activity using arrays of subdural electrocorticographic (ECoG) electrodes in human patients performing simple movement tasks. In addition to rhythmic brain processes, ECoG potentials also reveal a spectrally broadband motif that reflects the aggregate neural population activity beneath each electrode. During movement, the amplitude of this broadband motif follows the dynamics of individual fingers, with somatotopically specific responses for different fingers at different sites on the pre-central gyrus. The 12-20 Hz beta rhythm, in contrast, is widespread as well as spatially coherent within sulcal boundaries and decreases in amplitude across the pre- and post-central gyri in a diffuse manner that is not finger-specific. We find that the amplitude of this broadband motif is entrained on the phase of the beta rhythm, as well as rhythms at other frequencies, in peri-central cortex during fixation. During finger movement, the beta phase-entrainment is diminished or eliminated. We suggest that the beta rhythm may be more than a resting rhythm, and that this entrainment may reflect a suppressive mechanism for actively gating motor function.
Adenosine receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.2 (2021)

Adenosine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Adenosine Receptors [110]) are activated by the endogenous ligand adenosine (potentially inosine also at A3 receptors). Crystal structures for the antagonist-bound [153, 313, 221, 61], agonist-bound [375, 203, 204] and G protein-bound A2A adenosine receptors [49] have been described. The structures of an antagonist-bound A1 receptor [128] and an adenosine-bound A1 receptor-Gi complex [86] have been resolved by cryo-electronmicroscopy. Another structure of an antagonist-bound A1 receptor obtained with X-ray crystallography has also been reported [57]. caffeine is a nonselective antagonist for adenosine receptors, while istradefylline, a selective A2A receptor antagonist, is on the market for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Improving CKD Therapies and Care (2014)

The Kidney Research National Dialogue, supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, asked the research and clinical communities to formulate and prioritize research objectives that would improve our understanding of kidney function and diseases. This commentary outlines the high-priority research objectives for CKD. The goal of these research objectives is to enhance knowledge to improve outcomes in people with CKD. Basic and translational research, longitudinal observations, and epidemiologic studies can each point to targets for intervention. Future interventions must be informed by data from well designed, large representative observational studies that include collection of genetic and phenotypic data as well as biospecimens. Interaction of genetic and environmental factors must be part of the analysis, including the influence of diet, comorbid conditions, and medication. The focus should be not only on slowing or preventing progression of CKD, but also on regression of disease to the greatest extent possible.
Constitutive modeling of human skin allowing for anisotropy and growth (2003)

In this paper, a constitutive law for skin is proposed which possesses parameters that are more physiologically based than those used previously for skin modeling. The Arruda-Boyce hyperelastic constitutive law, previously used in its incompressible form with success to model elastomers in various deformation states, has been generalized for compressible or nearly incompressible materials and incorporated into a finite element code to model skin data from the literature. The physiologic basis of this law allows for the incorporation of additional physics, including anisotropic response and stress-assisted growth, in terms of skin constitution parameters such as fiber cross-link density and fiber length.
Dynamic C-V and G-V characteristics of metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitor with Au nanocrystals and high-K tunneling layer (2007)

The charge storage and dynamic characteristics in a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitor with Au nanocrystals (NCs) using capacitance-voltage and conductance-voltage measurements are investigated. the HfSiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> stacked structure embedded with Au NCs has been demonstrated for application in memory devices. The high frequency C-V shows the significant charge storage resulted in hysteresis characteristics. In order to advance analyze the trap induced admittance and charge exchange effect in these samples, we will utilize single energy level trap model to extract the trap conductance.