gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in Mgat1-null embryos (1995)

To investigate the developmental role of complex N-linked oligosaccharides, we previously inactivated the mouse Mgat1 gene which encodes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: alpha-3-D-mannoside beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GlcNAc-TI). Mgat1-null embryos developed morphogenic abnormalities by embryonic day (E) 9.5 and failed to survive beyond E10.5. Prior to E8.5, mutant and wild-type embryos were phenotypically indistinguishable, raising the unexpected possibility that earlier embryonic development may not require complex N-glycans. We have now used in situ RNA hybridization to assess the temporal and spatial pattern of Mgat1 expression in normal embryos, and lectin histochemistry to determine whether Mgat1-null embryos lack complex N-glycans at pre-E9.5 developmental stages. In situ RNA analysis indicated that Mgat1 transcripts normally increase dramatically between E7.0 and E9.5, 1-2 days prior to the death of mutant embryos. However, apparently normal levels of complex N-glycans were observed in E3.5 pre-implantation Mgat1-null embryos prior to declining to undetectable levels by E7.5. Complex N-glycans were not observed in E7.5-E9.5 Mgat1-null embryos with the notable exception of vesicular structures within cells of the visceral extra-embryonic endoderm, perhaps reflecting the ability of these cells to take up and transport maternally derived glycoproteins. Mgat1-null embryos appear to complete pre-implantation development in the presence of maternally derived complex N-glycans, and may die at later stages, post E7.5, when a requirement for embryonically derived complex N-glycans arises.
Challenges and Opportunities within Maritime Autonomy and the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Panama City Division (2016)

Presented on September 8, 2016 at 11:00 a.m. in the Microelectronics Research Center (MiRC) Building, Room 102A/B.
29pm3-PN-37 Cantilever based energy harvesters using Mg-Zr-codoped aluminum nitride with high piezoelectricity (2015)

We report (Mg,Zr)AlN-based micro-energy harvester. Doping Mg and Zr into AlN crystal, (Mg,Zr)AlN shows high piezoelectric coefficient, leading to high power figure of merit (FOM = e_<31>^2/(ε_0ε)). The 13 at.%-(Mg,Zr)AlN had the experimental FOM of up to 16.7 GPa. The micromachining harvester provided the high normalized power density of 3.72 mW.g^<-2>.cm^<-3>. This achievement was 1.5-fold increase compared to state of the art.
Orthodromic Tachycardia with Atrioventricular Dissociation: Evidence for a Nodoventricular (Mahaim) Fiber (2000)

We describe a patient in whom two tachycardias with AV dissociation were inducible by ventricular extrastimulation. The first tachycardia was characterized by a narrow QRS preceded by a His deflection with an HV interval identical to that recorded in sinus rhythm (40 ms). Premature ventricular depolarization delivered when the His bundle was refractory advanced the next His deflection. These findings suggest the presence of a nodoventricular bypass tract involved in an orthodromic tachycardia. The second tachycardia was induced after propafenone infusion and exhibited a wide QRS complex with left bundle branch block morphology; each ventricular complex was consistently associated with a His deflection with a HV interval of -15 ms. The second tachycardia may be considered to represent an antidromic tachycardia through the nodoventricular tract. However, a ventricular tachycardia cannot be excluded.
HIV classification using the coalescent theory (2010)

ARGUS is implemented in C++ and the source code is available at http://gobics.de/software.
Detailed characterization of reactivities of anti-gastric cancer monoclonal antibodies to carbohydrate antigen. (1991)

Four murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), KM191, KM206, KM230 and KM231, raised against gastric cancer exhibited very similar reactivities to human carcinoma cells, whereas their abilities in probing the antigen shed from the cancer cells were quite different. We found in this study that the four MoAbs reacted immunologically with the same monosialo gangliosides derived from a gastric cancer cell line by two-dimensional high performance thin-layer chromatography. When the reactivities of the MoAbs to a number of purified gangliosides or oligosaccharides were examined, the carbohydrate structure of the antigen was determined as sialyl Lea. KM231 exhibited the highest binding avidity to the oligosaccharide and the ganglioside among the four MoAbs. In a comparative study of KM231 and NS19-9, which is a widely used sialyl Lea-reactive MoAb, KM231 bound to the oligosaccharide with higher affinity and detected the antigen in tissue sections with higher sensitivity. In addition, KM231 could detect a small amount of the antigen ganglioside in human gastric normal and cancerous mucosa and in gastric cancer cell lines by HPTLC-immunostaining.
4-(1,2-Benzisothiazol-3-yl)alkanoic and phenylalkanoic acids: synthesis and anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. (1992)

Continuing their studies on benzisothiazolyl derivatives, Authors refer to the preparation and pharmacological properties of 4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl) alkanoic and phenylalkanoic acids. All substances were tested for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. As reference compounds, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one and 4-(3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-yl) phenylacetic acid, as prototypes of benzisothiazolinonic derivation. Ibuprofen, as a prototype of substituted arylalkanoic acids, and Phenylbutazone were used. Analysis of the data leaded to the following conclusions. Introduction of the aryl moiety, passing from benzisothiazolylalkanoic to benzisothiazolyl-phenylalkanoic structures, produced a remarkable increase of activity. 2-[4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)phenyl] propionic and 2-[4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)phenyl]butyiric acids showed anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties comparable to those of Ibuprofen. Substantial differences in variations in activities were observed comparing the properties of benzisothiazolylphenylalcanoic acids with those of the benzisothiazolinonic series, object of preceding studies.
Neuropsychological and physiological correlates of fatigue following traumatic brain injury (2014)

The current review of the literature suggests that the aetiology of TBI-related fatigue can be viewed as a multifactorial and complex model impacting physiological systems (i.e. endocrine, skeletal muscle and cardiorespiratory) that can be directly or indirectly influenced by neuropsychological correlates including cognitive and psychological impairment. Distinguishing central from peripheral fatigue is helpful in this regard. Potential therapeutic strategies and pharmacological agents to help alleviate fatigue in this patient population are discussed.
Ultrasound imaging of the coefficient of nonlinearity (2015)

Cardiac ablation (CA) is increasingly used to treat atrial fibrillation. However, long-term success is relatively low, and the procedure carries serious risks. To this end, we are developing a β (coefficient of nonlinearity) imaging method that may be employed to perform both tissue characterization and real time temperature estimation to respectively plan, monitor, and execute optimal CA. Starting from a one-dimensional generalized form of the Westervelt equation, we derived an analytical procedure for extracting β which is then further adapted to echo-mode. To evaluate the method performances, in-silico and in-vitro experiments were performed. First, one- to three-dimensional simulations including linear array scanning of three-dimensional objects were obtained with the INCS method. Next, the ULA-OP scanner was used with an Esaote LA332 linear-array to image a phantom consisting of 2-layers obtained as a mixture of oil, gelatin and water. Varying the percentage of oil (β similar to fat), different β values were obtained for the two layers. Both in-silico and in-vitro results show the capability of the method to estimate β variations. Compared to existing methods, the proposed approach provides more stable estimations (spatially) and does not require a special transducer or set-up, being more easily applicable in a clinical setting.
Novel polymorphs of curcumin (2011)

Structure solution of molecular crystals at low temperatures does not necessarily mean, that it is the same as at ambient temperature, even if there are no visible changes in the crystal colour, shape, transparency and integrity on temperature variation. This can be illustrated at the examples of two recently discovered low-temperature polymorphic transitions in the antidiabetic drugs with related molecular structures, chlorpropamide, C 10 H 13 ClN 2 O 3 S, [1], and tolbutamide, C 12 H 18 N 2 O 3 S, [2]. These transitions are reversible and leave the crystals intact.
Control of anticoagulation with VKAs: overestimation of median TTR when assessed by linear interpolation: Reply (2017)

Control of anticoagulation with VKAs: overestimation of median TTR when assessed by linear interpolation: Reply -
<title>New registration technique using voltage-contrast images for low-energy electron-beam lithography</title> (2001)

We have developed a new registration technique for low energy electron beam lithography. A notable feature of this technique is the use of voltage contrast images caused by charging at the resist surface. Using the electron beam of incident energy range of 1keV to 4.5keV, we detected the mark buried by thick insulator films; even if direct access tot he marks by the primary beam is prevented, the mark detection is possible. The detection time is a few milliseconds, and it is sufficiently fast. We confirmed that this technique is available for various layers of DRAM. Also the possible mechanism that may explain the voltage contrast image caused by negative charging is discussed.
T-loops Refold after Telomerase Extension and Unfold Again at Late S/G2 for C-strand Fill-in (2019)

ABSTRACT Telomeres are the structures that protect the ends of each chromosome and prevent them from being recognized as broken DNA in need of repair. During human fetal development telomere length is ~15 kb and is maintained by the ribonucleoprotein telomerase. In neonates telomerase becomes spliced into inactive forms in most tissues. Afterwards, lagging strand synthesis fails to copy the very end and telomeres become progressively shorter as cells divide. Part of the mechanism for avoiding the DNA damage machinery is by forming a t-loop structure that has no free end. The telomeric 3’ overhang is inserted into the duplex DNA where it displaces the G-rich strand, forming a D-loop. It is unknown whether this D-loop is the size of the overhang, or whether branch migration results in a larger D-loop. Telomere t-loops must unfold for replication and telomerase extension during S phase. It is also unknown whether t-loops remain unfolded after replication until C-strand fill-in at late S/G2, or if they refold after replication and then unfold again for fill-in at late S/G2. We have developed a biochemical t-loop assay to address these issues, and demonstrate that most t-loops persist throughout S phase both before and after their replication. Highlights T-loops unfold twice during each S-phase Virtually all telomeres are packaged into t-loops Large amounts of t-loops can easily be purified without specialized materials
Cordless hand-held optical 3D sensor (2007)

A new mobile optical 3D measurement system using phase correlation based fringe projection technique will be presented. The sensor consist of a digital projection unit and two cameras in a stereo arrangement, whereby both are battery powered. The data transfer to a base station will be done via WLAN. This gives the possibility to use the system in complicate, remote measurement situations, which are typical in archaeology and architecture. In the measurement procedure the sensor will be hand-held by the user, illuminating the object with a sequence of less than 10 fringe patterns, within a time below 200 ms. This short sequence duration was achieved by a new approach, which combines the epipolar constraint with robust phase correlation utilizing a pre-calibrated sensor head, containing two cameras and a digital fringe projector. Furthermore, the system can be utilized to acquire the all around shape of objects by using the phasogrammetric approach with virtual land marks introduced by the authors1, 2. This way no matching procedures or markers are necessary for the registration of multiple views, which makes the system very flexible in accomplishing different measurement tasks. The realized measurement field is approx. 100 mm up to 400 mm in diameter. The mobile character makes the measurement system useful for a wide range of applications in arts, architecture, archaeology and criminology, which will be shown in the paper.
Development of tight junctions in rat tracheal epithelium during the early hours after mechanical injury. (1979)

Mild abrasion of rat tracheal epithelium results in the death of superficial cells and flattening of basal cells to cover the exposed areas of basal lamina. Six hours after injury, colloidal tracers were shown in previous studies to be excluded from the spaces between cells and from the underlying lamina propria. The structural basis for this restoration of barrier function was investigated in the present experiments using transmission electron microscopy of thin sections and freeze fracture replicas. For each of 4 elapsed times after injury, 12 healing lesions in the epithelium were studied extensively. In specimens obtaine 2 and 4 hours after wounding, apical junctions between epithelium cells could not be identified in either thin sections or freeze fracture replicas. Six hours after injury, point contact could be recognized between epithelial cells in thin sections, whereas freeze fracture replicas revealed rudimentary tight junctions consisting of fragmented strands and linearly organized particles. Twelve hours after injury, highly developed tight junctions similar in complexity to those in normal uninjured tracheal epithelium were observed between the relatively undifferentiated basal cells comprising the regenerating epithelium. The focal membrane modification that appears 6 hours after injury is thus an early step in the process of regeneration and restoration of cytologic specialization.
Auto calibration for signal separation with uniform linear arrays (2002)

The problem of signal waveform estimation using a uniform linear array with unknown receiver gain and phase responses is considered. As is well known, it is not possible to uniquely estimate directions-of-arrival (DOAs) and receiver gain and phase simultaneously. For steering vector and signal separation this ambiguity is not critical. An ESPRIT-like solution is presented, and the proposed method is examined on data collected with an antenna array in a suburban environment.
Abstract 18448: Ckit Marks Cardiac Neural Crest Progenitors in the Developing Mouse Heart (2013)

Introduction: Cardiac stem cells expressing the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit are a promising cell-based therapy for heart regeneration. However, there is ongoing controversy regarding the embryogenic origins and identity of these cells. We addressed this issue by using a tamoxifen-inducible cKitCreERT2/+ allele to establish the genetic fate-map of c-Kit in the developing mouse heart. Hypothesis: c-Kit marks an embryonic myocardial progenitor cell population which contributes extensively to mammalian cardiogenesis. Methods: cKitCreERT2/+ mice were crossed with R26RLacZ or IRG Cre-reporter mice. To induce recombination in c-Kit expressing cells, females pregnant with cKitCreERT2/R26RLacZ or cKitCreERT2/IRG fetuses were administered intraperitoneal injections of tamoxifen (100μl of 20mg/ml) from 7.5-8.5 (n=10) or 9.5-12.5 (n=15) days post coitum (dpc). Embryos were analyzed at 18.5dpc. Results: Confocal analysis, as well as x-gal staining, revealed that during 7.5-8.5dpc (the period which first and second heart field myocardial progenitors contribute to cardiogenesis) few to no labeled cells were seen in the heart, indicating that c-Kit does not mark progenitors of the cardiogenic mesoderm. In contrast, there was extensive cardiomyogenic contribution from cells expressing c-Kit during 9.5-12.5dpc. A mean of 171.4±21 c-Kit derivatives/field were detected throughout the myocardium [cells/field: 15.2±5.5 in outflow tract (OFT); 5.8±1.0 in left atrium; 16.1±4.7 in right atrium; 39.4±6.3 in right ventricle; 30.1±3.8 in left ventricle; 72.6±11.0 in interventricular septum], ~30% of which were cardiomyocytes (48.1±5.8 per field). Importantly, c-Kit contributed to all expected cardiac neural crest derivatives, including OFT, cardiac and aortic valves, cardiac conduction system, epicardium, endocardium and myocardium. Consistent with a neural crest origins, contribution to endothelium and smooth muscle of the OFT was documented, although coronary vascular cell differentiation was not observed Conclusions: Collectively, our findings strongly support that adult c-Kit+ CSCs are postnatal derivatives of c-Kit+ cardioblasts of neural crest origin, an original source of cardiomyocytes during cardiogenesis.
Topochemical Intercalation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Alkali Metals in Ethylenediamine (2021)

We studied the intercalation chemistry of graphitic carbon nitride (gCN), combining theory and experimental methods. A series of new alkali-ethylenediamine-gCN products were prepared using a one-pot topochemical synthesis method. Spectroscopic and thermal analyses showed that single-stage intercalated gCN compounds of Li(ethylenediamine)0.2(C3N4.5H1.5)1.0 and Na(ethylenediamine)0.3(C3N4.5H1.5)0.9 with ordered layer structures were formed. X-ray diffractograms indicated a large gallery expansion of 0.349 and ∼0.342 nm for Li- and Na-intercalated gCN. In the case of K-en-gCN, a nanocomposite was formed that underwent spontaneous in situ exfoliation followed by disordered restacking to form thin flakes. Molecular dynamics studies showed that ethylenediamine molecules were distributed at the center of the interlayer spaces, predominantly adopting a trans conformation. Different types of gallery sites were present for the intercalation of guest alkali metals, leading to a high degree of topochemical intercalation with organic entities under lower temperatures than previously reported in thermal intercalation experiments. Our new synthesis route enables facile intercalation to tune interlayer spacing in gCN.
A Survey on Pixel-Based Skin Color Detection Techniques (2003)

Skin color has proven to be a useful and robust cue for face detection, localization and tracking. Image content filtering, content-aware video compression and image color balancing applications can also benefit from automatic detection of skin in images. Numerous techniques for skin color modelling and recognition have been proposed during several past years. A few papers comparing different approaches have been published [Zarit et al. 1999], [Terrillon et al. 2000], [Brand and Mason 2000]. However, a comprehensive survey on the topic is still missing. We try to fill this vacuum by reviewing most widely used methods and techniques and collecting their numerical evaluation results.
D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Analogues Modified at the 3-Position Inhibit Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (1995)

Several natural and unnatural inositol phosphates and analogues were analyzed for their ability to inhibit the in vitro phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity immunoprecipitated from a leukemic T cell line by a p85 monoclonal antibody. A 3-position ring-modified analogue of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3), L-chiro-inositol 2,3,5-trisphosphate (L-chiro-Ins(2,3,5)P3) and its phosphorothioate analogue, L-chiro-inositol 2,3,5-trisphosphorothioate, as well as the analogue benzene 1,2,4-trisphosphate induced reversible inhibition of PI 3-kinase activity, which correlated with decreased Vmax but unchanged Km values for PI 3-kinase. Other inositol phosphates, including D- and L-Ins(1,4,5)P3, D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, the enantiomers of myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, DL-myo-inositol 1,4,6-trisphosphate (DL-Ins(1,4,6)P3), and DL-scyllo-inositol 1,2,4-trisphosphate (DL-scyllo-Ins(1,2,4)P3), did not inhibit PI 3-kinase activity under identical conditions. L-chiro-Ins(2,3,5)P3 closely resembles Ins(1,4,5)P3 and D-Ins(1,4,6)P3 except for a difference in the orientation of a single hydroxyl group at either the equivalent 3-OH or 2-OH position of Ins(1,4,5)P3, respectively. Similarly, L-chiro-Ins(2,3,5)P3 resembles D-scyllo-Ins(1,2,4)P3, but has a different orientation of both the equivalent 3-OH and 2-OH positions. Since Ins(1,4,5)P3, DL-Ins(1,4,6)P3, and DL-scyllo-Ins(1,2,4)P3 did not inhibit PI 3-kinase activity, this suggests that the orientation of the two hydroxyl groups at the 2- and 3-positions plays a pivotal role in the inhibitory action of inositol phosphate analogues on PI 3-kinase activity. Thus, inositol phosphate analogues inter alia are shown for the first time to inhibit PI 3-kinase and may be useful tools for determining the function of PI 3-kinase and its substrate binding specificities.
C13NMR spectroscopy of carbon nanohorns (2006)

We report the results of a carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic investigation of the structure of carbon nanohorn aggregates (CNHs). The results show that CNHs consist of two components, characterized by different chemical shifts and spin lattice relaxation $({T}_{1})$ behavior. The first component has a chemical shift of $124\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ppm}$ and displays rapid spin-lattice relaxation behavior and is assigned to the nanotubelike horns on the particles' surfaces. The second component has a chemical shift of 116 ppm and much slower spin-lattice relaxation behavior and is assigned to the graphitelike part of the CNH aggregrate. The results of integrated peak area measurements indicate a 1:2 ratio of nanohorns to the graphitelike substrate. The absence of a clear Korringa behavior for the temperature dependence of ${T}_{1}$ and the lack of a Knight shift ruled out any metallic behavior and indicated instead behavior characteristic of semiconductor materials with paramagnetic centers due to structural defects providing an effective relaxation mechanism in the nanohorn domains. We also observed an anomalous change in ${T}_{1}$ near $17\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ in the nanohorn domains suggesting the development of an antiferromagnetic correlation between localized electron spins.
Thermal Performance Evaluation of New Power QFN (Quad Flat No Lead) Packages for Automotive Applications (2004)

An extensive 3-D conjugate numerical study is conducted to assess the thermal performance of the novel Power Quad Flat No Lead (PQFN) packages for automotive applications. Several PQFN packages are investigated, ranging from smaller die/flag size to larger ones, single or multiple heat sources, operating under various powering and boundary conditions. The steady state and transient thermal performance are compared to those of the classical packages, and the impact of the thicker lead frame and die attach material on the overall thermal behavior is also evaluated. Under one steady state (1W) operating scenario, the PQFN package reaches a peak temperature of ~106.3°C, while under 37W@40ms of transient powering, the peak temperature reached by the corner FET is ~260.8°C. With an isothermal boundary (85°C) attached to the board backside, the junction temperature does not change, as the PCB has no significant thermal impact. However, when the isothermal boundary is attached to package bottom, it leads to a drop in by almost 20% after 40 ms. Additional transient cases are evaluated, with an emphasis on the superior thermal performance of this new class of power packages for automotive applications.