gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparing a MWIR and LWIR polarimetric imager for surface swimmer detection (2008)

Previously, we have investigated the use of Long-Wave Infra-Red (LWIR) polarimetric imaging for the detection of surface swimmers in a maritime environment. While better contrast and longer range are expected with Mid-Wave Infra-Red (MWIR) polarimetric imaging, the cost of such a system is higher than a polarimetric imager operating in the LWIR due to the advent of higher-performance micro-bolometer imaging arrays. The actual performance of a MWIR polarimetric imager to detect a person in the water is presented. A comparative analysis of system cost between MWIR and LWIR systems is also discussed.
Long-term Effects of Intracochlear Electrical Stimulation with Looped Patterns on Tinnitus: A Case Study (2016)

Electrical stimulation by cochlear implant (CI) has been proven to be a viable treatment option for tinnitus in many recent studies. In addition, intracochlear electrical stimulation independent of an acoustic input appears to suppress tinnitus, at least in the short term. We conducted a case study to investigate the long-term effects of both standard CI and intracochlear electrical stimulation independent of an acoustic input on tinnitus in a patient with single-sided deafness and tinnitus. We found no negative effects of intracochlear electrical stimulation independent of an acoustic input on speech perception in noise. Furthermore, the additional use of a standard CI was advantageous for speech discrimination in our patient. We conclude that long-term tinnitus suppression can be achieved via intracochlear electrical stimulation with looped patterns. Our findings in terms of speech discrimination in our patient were consistent with those reported in previous studies.
In Situ Raman Study of Phase Stability of α-Li3V2(PO4)3 upon Thermal and Laser Heating (2013)

Monoclinic α-Li3V2(PO4)3 has a complex 3-D metal phosphate framework that provides mobility for all three lithium ions, giving it the highest gravimetric capacity (197 mAh/g) of all the transition-metal phosphates. Along with its high gravimetric capacity, its thermal and electrochemical stability make it of great interest as a cathode material for lithium-ion energy storage devices. Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a unique analytical tool for studying electrode materials of lithium-ion batteries due to its ability to probe structural changes at the level of chemical bonds. In this work, the calculated Raman spectrum of α-Li3V2(PO4)3 provided by density functional theory is presented along with symmetry assignments for all of the calculated and observed modes through Raman microscopy. Furthermore, the phase stability of microcrystalline α-Li3V2(PO4)3 was studied as a function of irradiation power density. Follow-up thermal studies confirm that two structural phase transitions, β and γ, occur at elevated temperatures or high irradiation power density before degradation to α-LiVOPO4 under an oxygen-rich atmosphere. Calculated and experimentally determined Raman modes for α-Li3V2(PO4)3 are in good agreement. It is also noted that careful consideration of the irradiation power density employed must be taken into account to prevent misinterpretation of Raman spectral features.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Metabolism of Triethylenetetramine in Healthy Human Participants: An Open‐Label Trial (2010)

The selective Cu(II)-chelator, triethylenetetramine (TETA), is undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of heart failure in patients with diabetes. Recently, the authors showed that 2 acetylated metabolites, N(1)-acetyltriethylenetetramine (MAT) and N(1),N(10)-diacetyltriethylenetetramine (DAT), are formed in humans following oral TETA administration. Thus, it became necessary to determine whether the N-acetyltransferase (NAT) 2 phenotype has any effects on the pharmacological properties and safety profile of TETA. Twelve fast and 12 slow NAT2-phenotype healthy participants were recruited. After oral drug administration, the authors collected plasma and urine samples, measured plasma concentrations of TETA and its 2 metabolites along with concomitant urinary copper concentrations, and performed safety tests. They present, for the first time, the complete 24-hour pharmacokinetic profiles of TETA, MAT, and DAT in humans. There was no evidence for clear-cut differences in pharmacokinetic profiles between fast and slow acetylators. Pharmacodynamic analysis showed no significant differences in cupruresis between the 2 NAT2 phenotypes. Safety results were consistent with TETA being well tolerated, and no significant differences in safety profiles were observed between the 2 phenotypes. Based on these data, NAT2 phenotype does not affect TETA's pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, or safety profiles. TETA may be acetylated via an alternative mechanism, such as that catalyzed by spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltranferase.
Hydrocarbon bio-jet fuel from bioconversion of poplar biomass: life cycle assessment (2016)

Bio-jet fuels produced from the bioconversion of poplar biomass reduce the global warming potential and fossil fuel use compared with petroleum-based jet fuel. Production of hydrogen is identified as a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel use in both the natural gas steam reforming and lignin gasification bio-jet simulations. Using hog fuel instead of natural gas to meet heat demands can help lower the global warming potential and fossil fuel use at the biorefineries.
623 Immuno-STATs: Leveraging protein engineering to expand and track antigen-specific T cells in vivo (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Immunotherapies are highly promising and effective strategies for the treatment of cancer; however, continuing challenges persist, including 1) untargeted global immune modulation, resulting in serious side effects; 2) lack of therapeutics capable of in vivo expansion of tumor-specific T cells; 3) inability to visualize in vivo tumor-specific T cell responses; and 4) lack of flexible platforms to rapidly and efficiently explore new therapeutic strategies and immune-escape mechanisms. To address these challenges, we developed a novel class of precision biologics to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases. We describe a modular platform constructed around an Fc-based covalent pMHC dimer, referred to as synTac (artificial synapse for T cell activation; also termed Immuno-STATs for Selective Targeting and Alteration of T cells), which selectively delivers different cargoes, including costimulatory, coinhibitory or cytokine signals and other modalities to primary T cells of defined specificity. The inherent modularity supports broad applications. Changing the encoded peptide enables targeting of different T cell specificities to address different diseases, while altering the cargo allows for evaluation of different co-modulatory mechanisms or the delivery of mechanistically informative probes. <h3>Methods</h3> Sortase A-mediated enzymatic coupling supported site-specific and stoichiometric installation of positron emission tomography (PET)-active radiolabels on synTacs to visualize the in vivo localization of antigen-specific T cells. The NSG humanized mouse model allowed for the evaluation of synTacs/Immuno-STATs to drive the in vivo antigen-specific expansion of human CD8 T cells. <h3>Results</h3> Using radiolabeled synTacs/Immuno-STATs loaded with the appropriate peptides, we employed positron emission tomography to localize human papillomavirus (HPV16)-specific CD8 T cells to implanted HPV16-positive tumors in mice, as well as influenza A virus (IAV)-specific CD8 T cells in the lungs of IAV-infected mice. In vivo administration of HIV- and CMV-specific synTacs/Immuno-STATs to immunodeficient mice intrasplenically engrafted with human donor PBMCs resulted in the marked and selective expansion of HIV-specific and CMV-specific human CD8 T cells populating their spleens, respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We demonstrate the remarkable flexibility of the synTacs/Immuno-STAT platform for addressing a broad range of applications, including the first report of the in vivo imaging of antigen-specific CD8 T cell populations and in vivo antigen-selective expansion of human CD8 T cells. These results suggest that, in addition to broad therapeutic applications, synTac/Immuno-STATs may provide prognostic/diagnostic information. Most notably, these results demonstrate the presence of synTacs/Immuno-STAT biologics in the tumor or infected tissues where they can elicit T cell restimulation and expansion necessary for target killing and enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
014 Diurnal changes in perineuronal nets and parvalbumin neurons in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (2021)

Abstract Introduction Perineuronal nets (PNNs) surrounding fast-spiking, parvalbumin (PV) interneurons provide excitatory:inhibitory balance within cortical circuits. This balance is impaired in several disorders that are also associated with altered diurnal rhythms, yet few studies examined diurnal rhythms of PNNs or PV cells. Methods We measured the intensity and number of PV cells and PNNs labeled with Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) and also the oxidative stress marker 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in rat prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) at Zeitgeber times (ZT) ZT0, 6, 12, and 18. To examine changes in inhibitory and excitatory inputs to PV cells, we measured GAD 65/67 and vGLUT1 puncta apposed to PV cells with and without PNNs. Whole-cell slice recordings in fast-spiking (PV) cells with PNNs was conducted to determine the ratio of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor:N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (AMPA:NMDA) at ZT18 vs. ZT6. Finally, the number of PV cells and PV/PNN cells containing orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2), which maintains PNNs, was also assessed. Results Relative to ZT0, the intensities of PNN and PV labeling were increased in the dark compared with the light phase. The intensity of 8-oxo-dG was decreased from ZT0 at all times. There were more excitatory puncta on PV cells with PNNs at ZT18 vs. ZT6, but no changes in PV cells without PNNs and no changes in inhibitory puncta. There was an increased AMPA:NMDA ratio at ZT18 vs. ZT6. The number of PV cells and PV/PNN cells containing OTX2 showed a strong trend toward an increase from ZT6 to ZT18, with no differences in non-PV-containing cells. Conclusion Diurnal fluctuations in PNNs and PV cells alter cortical excitatory:inhibitory balance. Detailed understanding of how these fluctuations are regulated should provide new insights into treatments for diseases impacted by disturbances in sleep and circadian rhythms. Ongoing studies are examining diurnal fluctuations in downstream signaling after PNN removal. Support (if any) Washington State University Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Program, NIH GM134789 (JHH); NIH DA033404 (BAS), DA040965 (BAS, TEB, SAA); NIH NS078498 (JPW); NIH P30 NS061800 (SAA); and Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-18-CE16-0013-01 (AP and AAD).
Nano-lasers and nano-LEDs (2014)

One-dimensional nanostructures have been of great interest for photonic devices. In this talk I will give a review of the one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures for ultraviolet and visible regions. I will discuss earlier and last results regarding room temperature and low temperature spontaneous and stimulated emission. For lasers we will discuss both optically and electrically pumped lasers. For the LEDs particularly I will discuss the white light emission from LEDs. Substrates like graphene, paper, textile and semiconductors will be discussed. Finally, also results from other devices based on hybrid materials will be analyzed.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE INJECTION SYSTEM FOR MICROTRON- BASED TERAHERTZ FEL* (2006)

A compact widely-tunable microtron-based terahertz Free Electron Laser (FEL) has been developed and during last few years operates for users. The laboratory-size, stable facility at the macro-pulse power of tens of W is attractive for application in research laboratories and universities. Reliability in operation and stability of such microtron-based FEL is determined generally by the microtron injection system. Main parameters of the injection system were studied on the base of 2-D tracking considering the frequency drift of the accelerating cavity as a result of variation of the beam loading caused by cathode overheating due to back bombardment with nonresonance electrons. The obtained results show that the injection system based on a thermionic single crystal LaB6 2.5 mm-in diameter emitter provides operation of the microtron-based FEL with standard deviation of the macro-pulse lasing power less than 10% during long-time work. Experimental check of the FEL during more than five years confirmed stable and reliable operation of the microtron-based FEL with the macro-pulse power of tens of W in the terahertz range.
Drp1 Expression and Phosphorylation in Steroidogenic Corpus Luteum during the Estrous Cycle in Rat Ovaries (2022)

In response to luteinizing hormone (LH), a higher concentration of progesterone (P4) is produced in luteal cells of corpus luteum (CL). Mitochondria are an essential cellular organelle in steroidogenesis. The specific engagement of the concept regarding mitochondrial shaping with early stages of steroidogenesis was suggested in reproductive endocrine cells. Although the specific involvement of GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) with steroidogenesis has been demonstrated in luteal cells of bovine CL <i>in vitro</i>, its actual relationship with ovarian steroidogenesis during the estrous cycle remains unknown. In this study, while Fis1 and Opa1 protein levels did not show significant changes during the estrous cycle, Drp1, Mfn1, and Mfn2 proteins exhibited relatively lower levels at proestrus than at estrus or diestrus. 3<i>β</i>-HSD showed higher levels at proestrus than at estrus or diestrus. In addition, Drp1 phosphorylation (s637) was higher in proestrus than in estrus or diestrus. Immune-positive cells for Drp1, pDrp1 (s637), and 3<i>β</i>-HSD were all localized in the cytoplasm of luteal cells in the CL. The immune-positive cells for 3<i>β</i>-HSD were more frequently seen in the CL at proestrus than at estrus or diestrus. Immunoreactivity for Drp1 in luteal cells at proestrus was weaker than that at estrus or diestrus. However, pDrp1 (s637) immune-positive cells were mostly detected in luteal cells at proestrus. These results imply that steroidogenesis (P4 production) in the CL is closely related to phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 637. Taken together, this study presents evidence that Drp1 phosphorylation at serine 637 is an important step in steroidogenesis in the CL.
Other Interesting Examples of Combustion and Flame Formation (2009)

Peer Reviewed
Plant γH2AX foci are required for proper DNA DSB repair responses and colocalize with E2F factors (2012)

Cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are linked in mammals and yeasts to the phosphorylated histones H2AX (γH2AX) repair foci which are multiproteic nuclear complexes responsible for DSB sensing and signalling. However, neither the components of these foci nor their role are yet known in plants. In this paper, we describe the effects of γH2AX deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana plants challenged with DSBs in terms of genotoxic sensitivity and E2F-mediated transcriptional responses. We further establish the existence, restrictive to the G1/S transition, of specific DSB-induced foci containing tobacco E2F transcription factors, in both A. thaliana roots and BY-2 tobacco cells. These E2F foci partially colocalize with γH2AX foci while their formation is ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent, requires the E2F transactivation domain with its retinoblastoma-binding site and is optimal in the presence of functional H2AXs. Overall, our results unveil a new interplay between plant H2AX and E2F transcriptional activators during the DSB response.
Uric acid priming in human monocytes is driven by the AKT–PRAS40 autophagy pathway (2017)

Metabolic triggers are important inducers of the inflammatory processes in gout. Whereas the high serum urate levels observed in patients with gout predispose them to the formation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, soluble urate also primes for inflammatory signals in cells responding to gout-related stimuli, but also in other common metabolic diseases. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms through which uric acid selectively lowers human blood monocyte production of the natural inhibitor IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and shifts production toward the highly inflammatory IL-1β. Monocytes from healthy volunteers were first primed with uric acid for 24 h and then subjected to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of MSU. Transcriptomic analysis revealed broad inflammatory pathways associated with uric acid priming, with NF-κB and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling strongly increased. Functional validation did not identify NF-κB or AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, but uric acid priming induced phosphorylation of AKT and proline-rich AKT substrate 40 kDa (PRAS 40), which in turn activated mTOR. Subsequently, Western blot for the autophagic structure LC3-I and LC3-II (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) fractions, as well as fluorescence microscopy of LC3-GFP-overexpressing HeLa cells, revealed lower autophagic activity in cells exposed to uric acid compared with control conditions. Interestingly, reactive oxygen species production was diminished by uric acid priming. Thus, the Akt-PRAS40 pathway is activated by uric acid, which inhibits autophagy and recapitulates the uric acid-induced proinflammatory cytokine phenotype.
Immune correlates of Varlilumab treated cancer patients are consistent with CD27 costimulatory activity (2014)

Meeting abstracts Varlilumab is a human IgG1 agonist anti-CD27 antibody designed to activate T cells through CD27 costimulation. Preclinical studies have shown that Varlilumab efficiently activates human T cells when combined with T cell receptor stimulation, enhances antigen specific CD8 T cell
Performance of Amplify-and-Forward and Decode-and-Forward Relays in LTE-Advanced (2009)

Current broadband wireless networks are characterized by large cell sizes. Yet, even in advanced networks, users on the cell edge will face relatively low Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR). An attractive solution for this problem is provided by multi-hop technologies. In this paper, we consider the performance of full duplex Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and half duplex Decode-and-Forward (DF) Relay Nodes (RNs) from 3G LTE-Advanced perspective. The comparison between AF and DF relaying is important because both approaches are currently under consideration in LTE-Advanced study item in 3GPP. Performance evaluation considers AF RN loop back signal interference and concurrent DF RN transmissions on the access link. Results show that the concurrent transmissions improve the spectral efficiency for DF RN over performing AF RN.
ACID RESISTANCE OF VARIOUS MORTARS TO THE INORGANIC ACID (2009)

普通ポルトランドセメントを基材とするモルタル、アルミナセメントを基材とするモルタルを作製した。3種類の異なる無機酸に浸漬し、その耐酸性を調査した。硫酸に対してはアルミナセメントを基材としたモルタルが高い抵抗性を示した。これは酸との反応前後における水和物の体積変化がアルミナセメントの方が少なく、さらにアルミナゲルから成る保護膜が生成し、酸の侵入を防いだためであると考察した。一方、塩酸と硝酸に対しては、普通セメントを基材としたモルタルが高い抵抗性を示した。これは、SiO2の含有量が塩酸と硝酸に対する抵抗性に関与しており、普通セメントではSiO2の含有量が多いためであると考察した。
Fabrication of Highly Conductive 12CaO·7Al2O3 Thin Films Encaging Hydride Ions by Proton Implantation (2003)

Thin films of a new transparent oxide semiconductor 12CaO·7Al 2 O 3 consisting of subnanometer‐sized cages (see Figure inset) have been fabricated, and their light‐induced insulator–conductor conversion is described. Proton implantation at a fluence of 1 × 10 18 cm –2 followed by UV‐light irradiation increases the electrical conductivity by more than eleven orders of magnitude to the largest value ∼ 10 S cm –1 (see Figure). The conducting state is erasable by heating.
Supplementary Figure 1 from MiR-199a-3p Regulates mTOR and c-Met to Influence the Doxorubicin Sensitivity of Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from MiR-199a-3p Regulates mTOR and c-Met to Influence the Doxorubicin Sensitivity of Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells
Buried Tungsten Metal Structure Fabricated by Epitaxial-Lateral-Overgrown GaN via Low-Pressure Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (2000)

A buried tungsten (W) structure with GaN is successfully obtained by epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) technique via low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE). The selectivity of GaN growth on the window regions is excellent. GaN with a striped W metal pattern is easily decomposed above the low temperature of 500°C by the catalytic effect of W. It is difficult to bury the W mask because severe damage occurs in the GaN epilayer under the mask. It is found that employing an underlying AlGaN/GaN heterostructure with a narrow W stripe mask width (L/S=2/2 µm) leads the epilayer to be free from damage, resulting in a good W buried structure.
Prevalence of Mutations Associated with Reduced Antiretroviral Drug Susceptibility among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Seroconverters in the United States, 1993–1998 (2000)

To assess the prevalence of mutations associated with decreased antiretroviral drug susceptibility, specimens were tested from persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during 1993-1998. Subjects were drug naive and were attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in 6 US cities. All were enrolled consecutively and had tested negative for HIV during the 2 years before enrollment. Plasma specimens from patients having >/=1 reverse transcriptase (RT) or primary protease mutation were tested phenotypically with a recombinant virus assay. Of 99 patients, 6 (6%) had mutations associated with zidovudine resistance, 2 (2%) had mutations associated with nonnucleoside RT inhibitor resistance, and 1 (1%) had a primary protease mutation. Overall, the prevalence of resistance-associated primary mutations was 5%, although high levels of decreased drug susceptibility (IC(50)s >/=10 times that of a reference virus) were observed in just 1%. These findings confirm the transmission of these mutations to drug-naive persons.
Thin-film encapsulation technology for above-IC MEMS wafer-level packaging (2013)

This work presents a low-cost and low-temperature wafer-level packaging solution for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. Heat-sensitive polymer poly(propylene carbonate) is used as the sacrificial material to release the capping layer in a clean and fast manner. Free-standing caps made of amorphous silicon carbide films and as large as 450 µm in diameter are successfully fabricated. To demonstrate the validity of this technology, surface-micromachined Pirani vacuum gauges are fabricated as an example of MEMS devices and encapsulated. Capped Pirani gauges respond to pressure between 1 mTorr and 1 atm. The Pirani gauges are sealed with Parylene C films that exhibit near-hermetic properties and the initial sealing pressure for 300 µm diameter cavities is characterized to be in the range of tens of torr.