gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural characteristics of supramolecular assemblies formed by guanidinium-cholesterol reagents for gene transfection (1999)

We have recently discovered that cationic cholesterol derivatives characterized by guanidinium polar headgroups are very efficient for gene transfection in vitro and in vivo. In spite of being based on some rationale at the molecular level, the development of these new synthetic vectors was nevertheless empirical. Indeed, the factors and processes underlying cationic lipid-mediated gene transfer are still poorly understood. Thus, to get a better insight into the mechanisms involved, we have examined the supramolecular structure of lipid/DNA aggregates obtained when using reagent bis(guanidinium)-tren-cholesterol (BGTC), either alone or as a liposomal formulation with the neutral phospholipid dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE). We here report the results of cryotransmission electron microscopy studies and small-angle x-ray scattering experiments, indicating the presence of multilamellar domains with a regular spacing of 70 A and 68 A in BGTC/DOPE-DNA and BGTC-DNA aggregates, respectively. In addition, DNA lipoplexes with similar lamellar patterns were detected inside transfected HeLa cells by conventional transmission electron microscopy. These results suggest that DNA condensation by multivalent guanidinium-cholesterol cationic lipids involves the formation of highly ordered multilamellar domains, the DNA molecules being intercalated between the lipid bilayers. These results also invite further investigation of the intracellular fate of the internalized lipid/DNA structures during their trafficking toward the cell nucleus. The identification of the basic features of active complexes should indeed help in the design of improved guanidinium-based vectors.
Systematic Transfer of Prokaryotic Sensors and Circuits to Mammalian Cells (2014)

Prokaryotic regulatory proteins respond to diverse signals and represent a rich resource for building synthetic sensors and circuits. The TetR family contains >10(5) members that use a simple mechanism to respond to stimuli and bind distinct DNA operators. We present a platform that enables the transfer of these regulators to mammalian cells, which is demonstrated using human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The repressors are modified to include nuclear localization signals (NLS) and responsive promoters are built by incorporating multiple operators. Activators are also constructed by modifying the protein to include a VP16 domain. Together, this approach yields 15 new regulators that demonstrate 19- to 551-fold induction and retain both the low levels of crosstalk in DNA binding specificity observed between the parent regulators in Escherichia coli, as well as their dynamic range of activity. By taking advantage of the DAPG small molecule sensing mediated by the PhlF repressor, we introduce a new inducible system with 50-fold induction and a threshold of 0.9 μM DAPG, which is comparable to the classic Dox-induced TetR system. A set of NOT gates is constructed from the new repressors and their response function quantified. Finally, the Dox- and DAPG- inducible systems and two new activators are used to build a synthetic enhancer (fuzzy AND gate), requiring the coordination of 5 transcription factors organized into two layers. This work introduces a generic approach for the development of mammalian genetic sensors and circuits to populate a toolbox that can be applied to diverse applications from biomanufacturing to living therapeutics.
Thermoplastic cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate compounds prepared by reactive processing (1997)

Novel families of thermoplastic polysaccharides such as cellulose-2,5-acetate were produced by means of reactive processing technology that grafted cyclic lactones simultaneously onto polysaccharide, hydroxyfunctional plasticizer, and optionally also onto hydroxyfunctional fillers. Organosolv lignin, cellulose, starch, and chitin were added to effect reinforcement of the polymer matrix. Mechanical and thermal properties depended upon molecular architecture of the components and process parameters such as temperature, feed ratios, and screw speed. Such blends and composites utilize renewable resources and are of interest in waste disposal via biodegradation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 213–242, 1997
Machine Learning-based Signal Detection for PMH Signals in Load-modulated MIMO System (2019)

Phase Modulation on the Hypersphere (PMH) is a power efficient modulation scheme for the \textit{load-modulated} multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmitters with central power amplifiers (CPA). However, it is difficult to obtain the precise channel state information (CSI), and the traditional optimal maximum likelihood (ML) detection scheme incurs high complexity which increases exponentially with the number of antennas and the number of bits carried per antenna in the PMH modulation. To detect the PMH signals without knowing the prior CSI, we first propose a signal detection scheme, termed as the hypersphere clustering scheme based on the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm with maximum likelihood detection (HEM-ML). By leveraging machine learning, the proposed detection scheme can accurately obtain information of the channel from a few of the received symbols with little resource cost and achieve comparable detection results as that of the optimal ML detector. To further reduce the computational complexity in the ML detection in HEM-ML, we also propose the second signal detection scheme, termed as the hypersphere clustering scheme based on the EM algorithm with KD-tree detection (HEM-KD). The CSI obtained from the EM algorithm is used to build a spatial KD-tree receiver codebook and the signal detection problem can be transformed into a nearest neighbor search (NNS) problem. The detection complexity of HEM-KD is significantly reduced without any detection performance loss as compared to HEM-ML. Extensive simulation results verify the effectiveness of our proposed detection schemes.
[Hemolytic uremic syndrome after bone marrow transplantation]. (1998)

One hundred and thirteen patients who underwent autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were investigated for the subsequent development of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). HUS developed in seven patients (four males and three females, five acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), one acute myelogenous leukemia, one non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) between 36-196 days after BMT. Four patients were recipients of autologous BMT and three were those of allogeneic BMT. Six patients were preconditioned with the regimens including fractionated total body irradiation (TBI). ALL and preconditioning regimen with TBI were suspected to be the risk factors for the development of HUS. Cyclosporin A (CSP) administration was discontinued in three patients who had been given CSP for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. Predonisolone was given to the three patients and plasma exchange was performed in one patient. Both hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia were resolved in virtually all patients, while creatinine elevation has persisted along with hypertension in one patient.
High performance polymers and polymer matrix composites for spacecraft structural applications (1992)

A program implemented by NASA Langley Research Center to develop and evaluate new polymers and polymer matrix composites for spacecraft structural applications is examined. Various polymeric films, moldings, and adhesives are evaluated for resistance to atomic oxygen and high energy electron and UV radiation. Thin films from the poly(arylene ether)s containing phenylphosphine oxide groups and the siloxane-epoxies exhibited minor weight loss compared to Kapton polyimide after exposure. Large doses (greater than 10 exp 9 rads) of electron radiation, simulating 30 yr of exposure in GEO, are found to alter the chemical structure of epoxies by both chain scission and cross-linking. The thermal cycling representative of both LEO and GEO environments can cause microcracking in composites which can in turn affect the dimensional stability and produce mechanical property reductions. The processing and fabrication issues associated with precision composite spacecraft components are also addressed.
Surface Treatments for Large Automotive Magnesium Components (2000)

Die-Cast magnesium alloys have seen an increase in use for automotive components because of their high strength-to-weight ratio, dimensional accuracy, high integration and part consolidation with weight reduction and potential cost competitiveness. In this trend most of the bigger Automotive Industries are going to develop also Mg die-cast parts for body application like door frames, trunk frames, front ends. From here there is the strong request to develop and put into production a surface treatment that could guarantee the resistance of the part in the aggressive atmosphere environment. Among the surface treatment today available or under development anodising and fluorozirconate seem to be good compromises between corrosion and paint adhesion. In order to better evaluate these processes on industrial scale and for large components, TEKSID R&D Tech Center has recently set up a pilot plant for Mg Anodising with ANOMAG process and has tested for comparison the fluorozirconate process. Both processes have been used to treat large castings (seat frames, doors, front ends) on preproduction series.
Synthesis and control of conductivity of ultraviolet transmitting β-Ga2O3 single crystals (1997)

β- Ga 2 O 3 single crystals were grown by the floating zone method and their conductivity along the b axis was controlled from &amp;lt;10−9 to 38 Ω−1 cm−1 by changing the growth atmosphere. By using feed rods doped with Sn, the grown crystal became highly conductive even under oxidative atmosphere. The optical transmission spectra showed that the β-Ga2O3 single crystal with 0.32 mm was transparent in the visible and ultraviolet region, with 20% transmittance at the fourth-harmonic wave of the Nd:YAG laser (266 nm). The band-gap widening was observed with the increasing of the carrier concentration. It is expected that the light of the KrF laser can be transmitted in the heavily doped β-Ga2O3.
Dynamic resource allocation exploiting mobility prediction in mobile edge computing (2016)

In 5G mobile networks, computing and communication converge into a single concept. This convergence leads to introduction of Mobile Edge Computing, where computing resources are distributed at the edge of mobile network, i.e., in base stations. This approach significantly reduces delay for computation of tasks offloaded from users' devices to cloud and reduces load of backhaul. However, due to users' mobility, optimal allocation of the computational resources at the base stations might change over time. The computational resources are allocated in a form of Virtual Machines (VM), which emulate a given computer system. User's mobility can be solved by VM migration, i.e., transfer of VM from one base station to another. Another option is to find a new communication path for exchange of data between the VM and the user. In this paper we propose an algorithm enabling flexible selection of communication path together with VM placement. To handle dynamicity of the system, we exploit prediction of users' movement. The prediction is used for dynamic VM placement and to find the most suitable communication path according to expected users' movement. Comparing to state of the art approaches, the proposal leads to reduction of the task offloading delay between 10% and 66% while energy consumed by user's equipment is kept at similar level. The proposed algorithm also enables higher arrival rate of the offloading requirements.
The Epithelium—Molecular Landscaping for an Interactive Barrier (2010)

With our sincere gratitude and appreciation to all authors who have contributed to this special issue, the guest editors are pleased to present to the scientific community the final completed issue with 23 original research and review articles. For this team of guest editors our research careers began in the genomic era, which gave us the top prize: the Human Genome Reference Sequence. It will most certainly take many years for all of us to even begin realizing the real significance of this top prize. The genome era, however, also left us with a strong impression that “DNA determines everything.” The expression of a certain gene, for example, Gene C, is driven by the protein product of Gene B, while Gene B's expression is driven by the protein product of Gene A. This is only a simple example of a gene expression regulation pathway, but eventually in every case, however more complex, we would end up at the end of the path, with a question that can no longer be answered this way. What then triggers the expression of the very first gene in the pathway? That initial event has to be executed by the business end of the genetic information flow, the proteins. This idea becomes easily very salient with the epithelium; that is, any environmental signal to the cells leading to however many genes being expressed must be transduced by the molecules, proteins, and their downstream products that are already present on the surface of the cells—the subject of our special issue: molecular landscaping for an interactive barrier in the epithelium.

The 23 papers published in this issue represented 7 of the 8 topics described in the Call for Papers, almost meeting our initial editorial goals. But more important, these excellent papers in more than one way fulfilled our wishes to help bring the scientific community's focus on the molecular interactions at the environment-epithelium interface.


Karl Chai

Kenichiro Kitamura

Amanda McCann

Xue-Ru Wu
Surveillance of patients with bladder carcinoma using fluorescent in‐situ hybridization on bladder washings (2007)

The UroVysion FISH assay obtained from bladder washings during cystoscopic surveillance of patients with a history of bladder cancer provides a similar specificity but greater sensitivity than that of cytology for detecting bladder cancer recurrences. Given the better specificity and similar sensitivity of UroVysion compared with urine cytology obtained from bladder washings, a reasonable approach might be to use the UroVysion assay as the primary marker for recurrence, with urine cytology used as a complementary examination.
Methyltrioxorhenium and Sodium Bromide-Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds with H2O2 Using 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquid as a Novel Recyclable Green Solvent (2006)

Abstract A variety of primary and secondary alcohols have been oxidized to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones in excellent yields with aqueous 30% hydrogen peroxide by using methyltrioxorhenium and sodium bromide as a catalyst system and the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF4) as a recyclable green solvent.
Противовирусная активность Ингавирина® при экспериментальной летальной гриппознои инфекции у белых мышей, вызванной вирусом гриппа В (2010)

The protective activity of Ingavirin® against experimental infection caused by influenza B virus was studied on albino mice vs. Arbidol®. Oral use of Ingavirin® was shown to decrease the infectious titers of the virus in the animal lung tissue, to normalize the body weight dynamics, to lower the mortality and to increase the average lifespan vs. the placebo-treated animals. The activity of Ingavirin ® was higher than that of the reference drug. The results allowed to consider Ingavirin ® as a prospective agent for the treatment of influenza infection in humans.
Data from PGP9.5 Methylation in Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is the most deadly form of gastric cancer and is frequently accompanied by peritoneal dissemination and metastasis. The specific molecular events involved in DGC pathogenesis remain elusive. Accumulating evidence of epigenetic inactivation in tumor suppressor genes led us to conduct a comprehensive screen to identify novel methylated genes in human cancers using pharmacologic unmasking and subsequent microarray analysis. We compared differential RNA expression profiles of DGC and intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC) cell lines treated with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine using microarrays containing 22,284 genes. We identified 16 methylated genes, including many novel genes, in DGC cell lines and studied &lt;i&gt;PGP9.5&lt;/i&gt; with particular interest. In primary gastric cancers, &lt;i&gt;PGP9.5&lt;/i&gt; was found to be more frequently methylated in DGCs (78%) than in IGCs (36%; DGC versus IGC, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, real-time methylation-specific PCR analysis of &lt;i&gt;PGP9.5&lt;/i&gt; showed relatively higher methylation levels in DGC than in IGC. Our data thus implicate a molecular event common in the DGC phenotype compared with IGC. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(7): 3921-7)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Multi-Signer DNSSEC Models (2020)

Many enterprises today employ the service of multiple DNS providers to
distribute their authoritative DNS service. Deploying DNSSEC in such
an environment may present some challenges depending on the
configuration and feature set in use. This document will present
several deployment models that may be suitable.
Forward genetic screen for auxin-deficient mutants by cytokinin (2015)

Identification of mutants with impairments in auxin biosynthesis and dynamics by forward genetic screening is hindered by the complexity, redundancy and necessity of the pathways involved. Furthermore, although a few auxin-deficient mutants have been recently identified by screening for altered responses to shade, ethylene, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) or cytokinin (CK), there is still a lack of robust markers for systematically isolating such mutants. We hypothesized that a potentially suitable phenotypic marker is root curling induced by CK, as observed in the auxin biosynthesis mutant CK-induced root curling 1 / tryptophan aminotransferase of Arabidopsis 1 (ckrc1/taa1). Phenotypic observations, genetic analyses and biochemical complementation tests of Arabidopsis seedlings displaying the trait in large-scale genetic screens showed that it can facilitate isolation of mutants with perturbations in auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling. However, unlike transport/signaling mutants, the curled (or wavy) root phenotypes of auxin-deficient mutants were significantly induced by CKs and could be rescued by exogenous auxins. Mutants allelic to several known auxin biosynthesis mutants were re-isolated, but several new classes of auxin-deficient mutants were also isolated. The findings show that CK-induced root curling provides an effective marker for discovering genes involved in auxin biosynthesis or homeostasis.
Fabrication of three-dimensional polymer photonic crystal by a single beam laser holographic lithography (2005)

In this report, by introducing a specially designed prism, we demonstrate the fabrication of 3-dimensional photonic crystals in polymeric photo-resist by laser holography lithography through a single beam.
In VitroStimulation of Glucose Oxidation in Thyroid by Serotonin (1962)

Serotonin stimulates the oxidation of glucose-1 and 6-C14 to C14O2 in thyroid slices. Tryptamine and 5-methoxy tryptamine also stimulate the oxidation of glucose- 1-C14 to C14O2. Analogues in which the amino group is acetylated are inactive. In a cell free system fortified with TPNH, serotonin stimulates and acts by augmenting the oxidation ofTPNHtoTPN.
Sites in human nuclei where damage induced by ultraviolet light is repaired: localization relative to transcription sites and concentrations of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the tumour suppressor protein, p53 (1994)

The repair of damage induced in DNA by ultraviolet light involves excision of the damaged sequence and synthesis of new DNA to repair the gap. Sites of such repair synthesis were visualized by incubating permeabilized HeLa or MRC-5 cells with the DNA precursor, biotin-dUTP, in a physiological buffer; then incorporated biotin was immunolabeled with fluorescent antibodies. Repair did not take place at sites that reflected the DNA distribution; rather, sites were focally concentrated in a complex pattern. This pattern changed with time; initially intense repair took place at transcriptionally active sites but when transcription became inhibited it continued at sites with little transcription. Repair synthesis in vitro also occurred in the absence of transcription. Repair sites generally contained a high concentration of proliferating cell nuclear antigen but not the tumour-suppressor protein, p53.
Exciton-photon coupling in organic materials with large intersystem crossing rates and strong excited state molecular relaxation (2005)

We examine the influence of singlet-triplet intersystem crossing and excited state relaxation on exciton-photon coupling in small molecule organic optical microcavities. Both processes quench coupling under non-resonant excitation, allowing estimations of their relative transition rates.
Oseltamivir-Ribavirin Combination Therapy for Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection in Mice (2008)

We studied the effects of a neuraminidase inhibitor (oseltamivir) and an inhibitor of influenza virus polymerases (ribavirin) against two highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses. In vitro, A/Vietnam/1203/04 virus (clade 1) was highly susceptible to oseltamivir carboxylate (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)] = 0.3 nM), whereas A/Turkey/15/06 virus (clade 2.2) had reduced susceptibility (IC(50) = 5.5 nM). In vivo, BALB/c mice were treated with oseltamivir (1, 10, 50, or 100 mg/kg of body weight/day), ribavirin (37.5, 55, or 75 mg/kg/day), or the combination of both drugs for 8 days, starting 4 h before virus inoculation. Monotherapy produced a dose-dependent antiviral effect against the two H5N1 viruses in vivo. Three-dimensional analysis of the drug-drug interactions revealed that oseltamivir and ribavirin interacted principally in an additive manner, with several exceptions of marginal synergy or marginal antagonism at some concentrations. The combination of ribavirin at 37.5 mg/kg/day and oseltamivir at 1 mg/kg/day and the combination of ribavirin at 37.5 mg/kg/day and oseltamivir at 10 mg/kg/day were synergistic against A/Vietnam/1203/04 and A/Turkey/15/06 viruses, respectively. These optimal oseltamivir-ribavirin combinations significantly inhibited virus replication in mouse organs, prevented the spread of H5N1 viruses beyond the respiratory tract, and abrogated the cytokine response (P < 0.01). Importantly, we observed clear differences between the efficacies of the drug combinations against two H5N1 viruses: higher doses were required for the protection of mice against A/Turkey/15/06 virus than for the protection of mice against A/Vietnam/1203/04 virus. Our preliminary results suggest that oseltamivir-ribavirin combinations can have a greater or lesser antiviral effect than monotherapy, depending on the H5N1 virus and the concentrations used.