gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recycling of the general transcription factors during RNA polymerase II transcription. (1995)

We have analyzed the fate of the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) general transcription factors during the transition from initiation to elongation using multiple approaches. We demonstrate that all of the basal factors coexist in mature initiation complexes but that following nucleotide addition, this complex becomes disrupted. During this transition, TFIID remains promoter-bound whereas TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH are released. Upon release, TFIIB reassociates with TFIID, reforming the RNAPII docking site, the DB complex. TFIIE is released before formation of the tenth phosphodiester bond. This precedes TFIIH release, which occurrs after the transcription complex reaches +30. TFIIF is unique in that it is the only basal factor detected in the RNAPII elongation complex. Following its release from the initiation complex, TFIIF has the ability to reassociate with a stalled RNAPII.
Role and Redirection of IgE against Cancer (2013)

IgE is a highly elusive antibody class, yet a tremendously powerful elicitor of immune reactions. Despite huge efforts spent on the characterization and understanding of the IgE system many questions remain either unanswered or only marginally addressed. One above all relates to the role of IgE. A common doubt is based on whether IgE mode of action should only be relegated to anti-parasite immunity and allergic manifestations. In search for a hidden role of IgE, reports from several laboratories are described herein in which a natural IgE link to cancer or the experimental redirection of IgE against cancer have been investigated. Epidemiological and investigational studies are trying to elucidate a possible direct intervention of endogenous IgE against cancer, raising thus far no definitive evidence. Conversely, experimental approaches implementing several strategies and engineered IgE formats built up a series of convincing results indicating that cancer might be tackled by the effector functions of this immunoglobulin class. Because of its peculiar immune features, IgE may present a superior anti-tumor performance as compared to IgG. However, extreme care should be taken on how IgE-based anti-tumor approaches should be devised. Overall, IgE appears as a promising resource, likely destined to enrich the anti-cancer arsenal.
Race and the poor prognosis basal breast tumor (BBT) phenotype in the population-based Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS) (2004)

9510 Background: Gene expression arrays reveal several breast cancer (BrCa) subtypes, with the basal-like subtype (BBT) carrying a poor prognosis (Sorlie T, PNAS 2003). Multiple BrCa microarray datasets (Sorlie et al PNAS 2003; van't Veer et al, Nature 2002; Sotiriou et al, PNAS 2003) suggest that 90% of BBT are ER-negative, PR-negative, and HER-2 nonamplified (Perou C, unpublished). Thus, this “triple negative” phenotype may be used to identify and determine the frequency of BBT. Methods: Data were obtained from the CBCS, a population-based case-control study of BrCa causation among African-American (AA) and non-African American (nonAA) women. The CBCS oversampled AA and women under the age of 50. HER-2 was determined by UNC Lineberger Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Core. We determined the proportion of triple negative BrCa by race (AA vs. non-AA) and by stage, mitotic index (>10 vs. ≤10) nuclear grade and histologic grade (grade 3 vs. 1–2). Results: 657 incident BrCa were evaluated from Phase I of the CBCS, including 260 AA and 397 nonAA women. 26.2% of all BrCa were triple negative, however this phenotype was significantly more frequent in AA (33.9% vs. 21.2%, p=0.0003), premenopausal women (30.3% vs. 21.9%, p=0.02), mitotic index > 10 (45.8% vs. 11.3%, p<0.0001), and nuclear or histologic grade 3 tumors (p=0.0001). The highest prevalence of triple negative BrCa occurred among premenopausal AA women (44.3%) compared with postmenopausal AA women (24.6%) (p=0.0008). In multivariate models combining all factors, the significant predictors of the triple negative phenotype were high mitotic index (p<0.0001), high nuclear or histologic grade (p<0.0001 both), and race (p=0.03). Conclusions: The poor-prognosis BBT subtype is strongly associated with high proliferative capacity (mitotic index > 10) and nuclear pleomorphism. In a large population-based study, the triple negative phenotype characteristic of BBT is markedly more common in AA women, particularly premenopausal AA women. The high proportion of BBT likely plays a role in the poor prognosis experienced by AA women with BrCa. (supported by NCI (SPORE CA58223), NIH (GCRC MO1RR00046). No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Multifragmentation of ^{40}Ca+^{40}Ca (1992)

The multifragment emission of ``completely characterized'' events in the $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$${+}^{40}$Ca system at 35 MeV/nucleon has been compared to the predictions of several models. The observed multifragment emission is not in agreement with models based on conventional statistical binary decay, but is in agreement with both a simultaneous multifragmentation model and a sequential emission model in which expansion is treated.
FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS OF LEGUMES Map-Based Cloning and Gene Trapping Advances in Soybean and Lotus japonicus (1999)

Advances in the field of gene discovery related to genes involved in nodulation, nitrogen fixation and root development are described. Focus is given to two legumes, namely the crop plant soybean, and the model legume Lotus japonicus. Two approaches for gene isolation are described. The first involves map-based cloning, in which an inher­ ited mutant phenotype is first mapped close to molecular markers, then isolated through the detection of high molecular weight DNA fragments cloned into bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs). We illustrate advances in screening a BAC library for BACs anchored at the pUTG-132a marker, which was placed less than lcM (about 450kb) from the supernodulation locus nts-l. The second approach utilizes insertional mutagenesis usingT-DNA derived from Agrobacterium. The T-DNA is modified so that close to the left border one finds a promoter-less ~-glucuronidase (gus) gene, which will only be expressed, if inserted in an active transcriptional unit. This form of promoter trapping produces not only the valuable entry point for flanking DNA isolation and gene discovery, but also may yield homozygous insertions in the progeny, allowing a coupling of gene structure, gene expression pattern, and symbiotic phenotype. The high transformation ability of L. japonicus via the A. rhizogenes and A. tumefaciens methods has permitted the isolation of nearly 100 tagged lines (10% of total), which show
Recent Advances in Gigapixel Cameras (2017)

Continuing advances in computational architecture, optical design and software have reduced gigapixel camera system volume by more than two orders of magnitude and have also greatly advanced system utility.
Stabilized biocompatible and bioabsorbable trigyceride-based coatings for coronary stents (2009)

Cardiovascular diseases (e.g arthrosclerosis) are the primary cause of death in our Western Society. A possible treatment for arthrosclerosis is the implantation of a drug eluting stent (DES). Its advantage in comparison with bare stents is that the addition of drugs can prevent restenosis. The goal of this research project is to develop a coating that is biocompatible, bioabsorbable, plastically deformable and has a controllable drug release. The developed coatings are based on 3 or more triacylglycerols, which undergo an interesterification reaction to interexchange the acyl residues. The interesterification reaction is executed by weighing the triaglycerols, followed by drying them overnight in a vacuum oven at 100°C. Next, sodiummethoxide is added. The reaction completes within 1 hour under a nitrogen flow. To stop the reaction, 2 ml of a 20 wt% citric acid solution is added and the reaction compartment is cooled down. Afterwards the mixture is washed several times and dried at 100°C. The last step is to filter the mixture through a membrane filter in a vacuum oven at 100°C. To control the distribution of the randomized triacylglycerols, the coatings are analyzed with HPLC RI. The coatings are further characterized by their slip melting point (SMP) After interesterification, the coating material is checked for mechanical and drug release properties. Therefore, the coating is applied on stent samples with a home built spraying device. For each coating composition, the spraying parameters are optimized to obtain an equal coating distribution on the stent material. Mechanical properties are investigated by performing integrity tests and stent crimping and expansion tests. Coating integrity is checked with a simulated stenosis test at 37°C, in which the applied pressure can be changed. For a low pressure, the loss of coating material is about 5 %, while for a high pressure, the loss of coating rises up to 10 - 15%. Also, scratch tests with the Falex MUST tester are performed, which showed a good coating resistance against scratches. Stent crimping is performed manually. Before and after stent crimping and stent expansion, stents are visually checked with a light microscope for defects such as cracks or delaminations. In order to test the performance of the coatings, the in vitro release of paclitaxel and rapamycine from coated stents was tested. The in vitro drug release is performed at 37°C and is analyzed with HPLC UV-VIS. After an initial burst during the first 2 – 4 hours, the drug release is constant and mediated by diffusion. After 24 h, less then 10% is released, followed by a period of constant release for several weeks to months, depending on the coating composition. Triglyceride based coatings are promising to control drug release from stents during several weeks.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN G FROM PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYNEUROPATHY (CIDP) AFFECTS PRESYNAPTIC TRANSMITTER RELEASE AND CALCIUM INFLUX (2009)

Author: Bertram, S. et al.; Genre: Conference Paper; Issued: 2009-07; Title: IMMUNOGLOBULIN G FROM PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYNEUROPATHY (CIDP) AFFECTS PRESYNAPTIC TRANSMITTER RELEASE AND CALCIUM INFLUX
TEK DERECELİ HARMONİKLERE SAHİP BİR PERİYODİK DALGANIN ORTALAMA RMS VE CRMS DEĞERLERİNİN HESAPLANMASI İÇİN MİNİMUM ÖRNEKLEME ORANI TAYİNİ (2002)

Bu makalede h. dereceden tek dereceli harmonikler iceren bir dalga seklinde ortalama, etkin ve kompleks etkin degerlerin hesabi incelenmektedir. Nyquist ornekleme kriterine gore, dalga seklini elde etmek ve ortalama, etkin ve kompleks etkin degerleri hesaplamak icin bir periyot icerisinde 2h+1 ornek alinmasi gerekmektedir. Bu makalede ayni hesaplamalar icin bir periyot icerisinde h+2 ornegin yeterli oldugu gosterilmektedir. Hesaplamalar icin ardisil ayrik Fourier serileri yaklasimi kullanilmaktadir. Elde edilen sonuclar Nyquist ornekleme kriterinin altinda bir degerle dalga sekli hakkinda tum bilgilerin elde edilebilecegini gostermektedir
Adenoviral vector demonstrates that angiotensin II‐induced depression of the cardiac baroreflex is mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat (2001)

Angiotensin II (ANGII) acting on ANGII type 1 (AT1) receptors in the solitary tract nucleus (NTS) depresses the baroreflex. Since ANGII stimulates the release of nitric oxide (NO), we tested whether the ANGII-mediated depression of the baroreflex in the NTS depended on NO release. In a working heart-brainstem preparation (WHBP) of rat NTS microinjection of either ANGII (500 fmol) or a NO donor (diethylamine nonoate, 500 pmol) both depressed baroreflex gain by -56 and -67 %, respectively (P < 0.01). In contrast, whilst ANGII potentiated the peripheral chemoreflex, the NO donor was without effect. NTS microinjection of non-selective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors (L-NAME; 50 pmol) or (L-NMMA; 200 pmol) prevented the ANGII-induced baroreflex attenuation (P > 0.1). In contrast, a neurone-specific NOS inhibitor, TRIM (50 pmol), was without effect. Using an adenoviral vector, a dominant negative mutant of endothelial NOS (TeNOS) was expressed bilaterally in the NTS. Expression of TeNOS affected neither baseline cardiovascular parameters nor baroreflex sensitivity. However, ANGII microinjected into the transfected region failed to affect the baroreflex.Immunostaining revealed that eNOS-positive neurones were more numerous than those labelled for AT1 receptors. Neurones double labelled for both AT1 receptors and eNOS comprised 23 +/- 5.4 % of the eNOS-positive cells and 57 +/- 9.2 % of the AT1 receptor-positive cells. Endothelial cells were also double labelled for eNOS and AT1 receptors. We suggest that ANGII activates eNOS located in either neurones and/or endothelial cells to release NO, which acts selectively to depress the baroreflex.
Understanding the Role of Charge Storage Mechanisms in the Electrochromic Switching Kinetics of Metal Oxide Nanocrystals (2022)

The development of electrochromic metal oxide nanocrystals holds promise for improving the sluggish switching kinetics of conventional electrochromic smart windows. Nevertheless, the microscopic processes controlling switching kinetics in nanocrystals may differ from those in traditional bulk materials where ion diffusion following intercalation is often rate limiting. Herein, by systematically investigating the electrochromic response of Sn-doped In2O3 nanoparticles, orthorhombic Nb2O5 nanorods, and monoclinic Nb12O29 nanoplatelets, we elucidate how different charge storage mechanisms, including capacitive charging, surface redox, and intercalation, affect the switching kinetics of electrochromic nanocrystals. The nanocrystals were reduced in both lithium- and tetrabutylammonium-based electrolytes at various potentials to determine which charge storage mechanism governs their electrochromic response, and the optical switching kinetics at a reducing potential were quantified by fitting with an exponential-growth model based on the charging behavior of capacitors. For the surface-dominated capacitive charging and surface redox mechanisms, dual-stage switching kinetics were observed regardless of the materials, switching rapidly at the early stage of reduction and becoming slower over time as charge accumulates in the electric double layer. As for the intercalation mechanism, single-stage switching kinetics controlled by the reaction rate of ion intercalation were observed. By using spectroelectrochemical methods, we demonstrated approaches to define the charge storage mechanisms in electrochromic metal oxide nanocrystals and investigated how these mechanisms affect the switching kinetics of the electrochromic response.
Binding of androgen receptor to prostatic chromatin requires intact linker DNA. (1979)

Receptor-chromatin complexes were recovered from prostatic chromatin digested with micrococcal nuclease. The fragments of chromatin were separated on linear 7.6 to 76% (v/v) glycerol density gradients. With extensive digestion of DNA, receptor labeled with [1,2-3H]dihydrotestosterone was released from the chromatin. After 5% digestion of DNA to acid-soluble products, only a trace amount of labeled receptor was detected in the unbound form. In the latter instance, most of the labeled receptor was recovered from the gradients in association with five A260 peaks representing oligomeric and monomeric nucleosomes with a repeat length of 182 +/- 14 (mean +/- S.D.) base pairs. The concentration of receptors was highest in the A260 peaks, which contained large oligomers of nucleosomes, and lowest in fractions containing primarily monomer structures. Hence, the extent to which receptors remained bound to chromatin was dependent on the relative amount of intact, linker DNA present.
DTCO acceleration to fight scaling stagnation (2020)

An efficient Pathfinding DTCO analysis flow which allows rapid block-level power, performance, and area (PPA) characterization is presented. To optimize this flow for the exploration of innovative technology-architecture definitions, i.e. new devices and their integration into functional logic cells, the time consuming task of generating and validating a process design kit (PDK) for each technology definition is eliminated by taking advantage of automated standard cell generation and direct emulation-based parasitic extraction. Further efficiency gains are obtained through a customized flow that allows a large number of place and route (PnR) experiments to be executed automatically. The efficiency of the presented Pathfinding DTCO flow is demonstrated in experiments quantifying block-level PPA changes in different implementations of finFET and CFET devices.
The Development and Evaluation of Color Systems for Airborne Applications--Fundamental Visual, Perceptual, and Display Systems Considerations (1985)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A great number of complex, interacting factors determine the effectiveness of a color display system. Many of these factors characterize visual displays in general, while others are specifically related to the production of use of color. Because it is difficult, if not unwise, to isolate and consider human visual and perceptual factors separately from color display system hardware characteristics, both operator and display system requirements must be analyzed according to common functional units.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The objectives of the study were to review the current philosophy and standards on the airborne applications of electronic color display systems, develop guidelines for specifying and measuring color CRT display performance parameters, conduct a survey of currently available color systems, review and evaluate existing system capabilities, and predict future trends and applications in color display systems and componentry.&lt;/div&gt;
Resonator filters using shear horizontal-type leaky surface acoustic wave consisting of heavy-metal electrode and quartz substrate (2004)

The authors have succeeded in exciting a new type of leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW) having only a shear horizontal (SH) component that has a large electromechanical coupling factor, a large reflection coefficient, and excellent temperature stability, by combining interdigital transducers (IDTs) and reflectors made of heavy-metal films such as gold (Au), tantalum (Ta), and tungsten (W) on the ST-cut 90/spl deg/ X propagation (direction perpendicular to the X-axis) quartz substrate. This LSAW does not have a propagation decay. The square of the electromechanical coupling factor is 2.1-2.7 times larger than, the reflection coefficient is 30 times larger than, and the temperature characteristic is the same as those of a Rayleigh wave on an ST-cut X propagation quartz substrate. The authors applied this SH LSAW to resonators and resonator filters. As a result, we succeeded in developing the low loss and very small-sized resonators and resonator filters (1/5-1/4 of conventional device sizes) with IDTs with a small number of finger pairs and very small reflectors, for the first time.
Methods of targeting N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymers to particular cell types (1985)

Soluble synthetic polymers will only be useful as drug carriers, if methods can be devised for targeting them to specific cell types. Two approaches are currently being investigated. Firstly, the incorporation of specific residues such as galactosamine into N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymers has been shown to enhance greatly pinocytic capture by liver cells. Secondly, antibodies have been evaluated as a more universal address system. Binding rat IgG to N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymers increased their rate of uptake by rat visceral yolk sacs cultured in vitro and simultaneously enhanced their rate of exocytosis.
Adaptive Scanning for Synthetic Aperture Imagers (2013)

Synthetic aperture imagers measure the space-bandwidth product of full-apertures by moving a single detector. We show results from an adaptive sensing experiment that demonstrate a three times speedup over full-scans.
Targeting Cancer Stem Cells in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2015)

Overall, this study provides strong evidence of CSC in castration-resistant prostate cancer. This new combination therapy strategy targeting CSC could significantly enhance therapeutic efficacy of current chemotherapy regimen only targeting non-CSC cells.
Synthesis of Polymeric Photoinitiators Containing Pendent Chromophore−Borate Ion Pairs:  Photochemistry and Photopolymerization Activities (1999)

Poly(methyl methacrylate)s containing light-absorbing acetonaphthone and acetobenzo[b]furan as electron acceptors paired with tetraorganyl borates have been synthesized. Upon irradiation at 350 nm, oxidative carbon−nitrogen and reductive carbon−boron bond cleavage occurs, producing reactive radicals and tertiary amines. The efficiency of bond-breaking processes is found to be dependent on the nature of both the acceptors and the donors. Photoinduced polymerizations initiated by these polymeric initiators have been compared to 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (Irgacure 651) in tetraethylene glycoldiacrylate (TEGDA). Differences in the efficiency of the initation are accounted for by parameters associated with photoreactivity.
Enhanced responsivity resonant RF photodetectors (2016)

The responsivity of room-temperature, semiconductor-based photodetectors consisting of resonant RF circuits coupled to microstrip buslines is investigated. The dependence of the photodetector response on the semiconductor material and RF circuit geometry is presented, as is the detector response as a function of the spatial position of the incident light. We demonstrate significant improvement in detector response by choice of photoconductive material, and for a given material, by positioning our optical signal to overlap with positions of RF field enhancement. Design of RF circuits with strong field enhancement are demonstrated to further improve detector response. The improved detector response demonstrated offers opportunities for applications in RF photonics, materials metrology, or single read-out multiplexed detector arrays.
L’Académie Vétérinaire fait le point sur les coronavirus animaux et la COVID-19 (2020)

Jestin André, Dupouy-Camet Jean. L’académie vétérinaire fait le point sur les coronavirus animaux et la Covid-19. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 173, 2020. pp. 21-22.
On the Role of Additional [4Fe-4S] Clusters with a Free Coordination Site in Radical-SAM Enzymes (2017)

The canonical CysXXXCysXXCys motif is the hallmark of the Radical-SAM superfamily. This motif is responsible for the ligation of a [4Fe-4S] cluster containing a free coordination site available for SAM binding. The five enzymes MoaA, TYW1, MiaB, RimO and LipA contain in addition a second [4Fe-4S] cluster itself bound to three other cysteines and thus also displaying a potentially free coordination site. This review article summarizes recent important achievements obtained on these five enzymes with the main focus to delineate the role of this additional [4Fe-4S] cluster in catalysis.
HIGH-ASSURANCE SDR-BASED AVIONICS RFID SYSTEM (2007)

This novel architecture supports various future eEnabled airplane applications based on RFID technology. As RFID readers and wireless communication equipment is installed on-board of airplanes, it has to support a manifold of different wireless communication standards. The flexibility offered by Software Defined Radio (SDR) plays here an essential role. The security solution concept identifies the security building blocks needed to protect the SDR-based avionics RFID system.