gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma sources &amp; sensors of near terahertz radiation (2005)

Terahertz radiation from optically-induced plasmas on metal, semiconductor, and dielectric surfaces is compared to electron-hole plasma radiation from GaAs and Ge. Electro-optic sampling and electric-field probes measure radiated field waveforms and distributions to 0.350 THz.
Atomic force microscopy of biochemically tagged DNA. (1993)

Small fragments of DNA of known length were made with the polymerase chain reaction. These fragments had biotin molecules covalently attached at their ends. They were subsequently labeled with a chimeric protein fusion between streptavidin and two immunoglobulin G-binding domains of staphylococcal protein A. This tetrameric species was expected to bind up to four DNA molecules via their attached biotin moieties. The DNA-protein complex was deposited on mica and imaged with an atomic force microscope. The images revealed the protein chimera at the expected location at the ends of the strands of DNA as well as the expected dimers, trimers, and tetramers of DNA bound to a single protein.
Improvement of radio propagation estimation accuracy by completing plane-based 3D models obtained with depth sensors (2017)

In order to improve the estimation accuracy of radio propagation simulation using a 3D model reconstructed by depth sensors, recovering missing regions of the 3D model is important. In this paper, we report an evaluation result of indoor radio estimation accuracy by using such a completed 3D model. We first describe the evaluation scene and the measurement method of radio powers we used for experiments. We then give an overview of the method for reconstructing and completing a 3D model of the evaluation scene. Finally, we compare simulation results obtained with the original model and the completed model against the real measurements. The errors obtained with the original and completed model were 2.40 dB and 2.16 dB respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of the 3D model completion for the indoor radio estimation.
Procyanidines fromVitis viniferaSeeds Protect Rabbit Heart from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Antioxidant Intervention and/or Iron and Copper Sequestering Ability (1996)

An isolated rabbit heart Langendorff preparation paced electrically was used to evaluate the effects of a highly purified, high molecular weight fraction of oligomeric procyanidines isolated from Vitis vinifera seeds on myocardial reperfusion injury after 40 minutes of low flow (1 ml/min) ischemia. Infusion of the heart with 100 or 200 µg/ml procyanidines dose-dependently reduced ventricular contracture during ischemia (LVEDP values decreased by 28% and 51%), decreased coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), improved cardiac mechanical performance upon reperfusion, increased the release of 6-keto-PGF1α into the perfusate in both the pre-ischemic and the reperfusion periods (by 68% at 200 µg/ml), and suppressed rhythm irregularity. This antiarrhythmogenic action was confirmed in a more severe model of ischemia (flow rate 0.2 ml/min). The cardioprotective agent allopurinol infused at 20 µg/ml had effects on the contractility and on the release of 6-keto-PGF1α comparable to those of 200 µg/ml procyanidines. The results of the second part of this study show that procyanidines are potent scavengers of several reactive oxygen species involved in the ischemia/reperfusion damage: the superoxide anion (IC50 = 5.64 µM; rate constant K = 7.55 × 105M-1 s-1, determined by the phenazine methosulfate/NADH method); the hydroxyl radical (IC50 = 28 µM; rate constant K = 1.2 × 1012M-1 s-1 determined by the electron spin resonance spectroscopy); peroxyl radicals (IC50 = 0.025 µM and 0.35 µM, determined using two different lipid substrates, phosphatidylcholine liposomes and methyl linoleate micelles by UV spectroscopy at 233 nm). Finally, procyanidines interact with Fe2+ and Cu2+ ions (the catalysts of HO· radicals production) giving rise to strong complexes, with stability constants (log K) ranging from 9.35 to ≈ 9.
Browser interfaces and extended validation SSL certificates (2009)

There has been a loss of confidence in the security provided by SSL certificates and browser interfaces in the face of various attacks. As one response, basic SSL server certificates are being demoted to second-class status in conjunction with the introduction of Extended Validation (EV) SSL certificates. Unfortunately, EV SSL certificates may complicate the already difficult design challenge of effectively conveying certificate information to the average user. This study explores the interfaces related to SSL certificates in the most widely deployed browser (Internet Explorer 7), proposes an alternative set of interface dialogs, and compares their effectiveness through a user study involving 40 participants. The alternative interface was found to offer statistically significant improvements in confidence, ease of finding information, and ease of understanding. Such results from a modest re-design effort suggest considerable room for improvement in the user interfaces of browsers today. This work motivates further study of whether EV SSL certificates offer a robust foundation for improving Internet trust, or a further compromise to usable security for ordinary users.
Parallel plate waveguide time domain spectroscopy to study terahertz conductivity of utltrathin materials (2016)

The newly discovered atomically thin and layered materials which host electronic system that respond to longwavelength light in extraordinary manner can lead to a major breakthrough in the field of terahertz (THz) optics and photonics. However, their low conductivities due to either low densities or low mobility make it challenging to characterize their basic THz properties with the standard spectroscopic method. Here, we develop a THz spectroscopic technique based on parallel plate waveguide (PPWG) to overcome the limitations of the conventional THz time domain spectroscopy (TDS) technique. The present method is particularly suitable to ultrathin conductive materials with low carrier density. We report in details the derivation of the dispersion equations of the terahertz wave propagation in a PPWG loaded by a thin conductive materials with zero-thickness. These dispersion equations for transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) waveguide modes are the core of the optical parameters extraction algorithm in the THz-PPWG-TDS analysis. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the waveguide approach by characterizing low conductive CVD graphene. The high sensitivity of THz-PPWG-TDS technique enables us to study the carrier dynamics in graphene with Drude and Drude-Smith model.
Lens-free imaging of magnetic particles in DNA assays (2013)

We present a novel opto-magnetic system for the fast and sensitive detection of nucleic acids. The system is based on a lens-free imaging approach resulting in a compact and cheap optical readout of surface hybridized DNA fragments. In our system magnetic particles are attracted towards the detection surface thereby completing the labeling step in less than 1 min. An optimized surface functionalization combined with magnetic manipulation was used to remove all nonspecifically bound magnetic particles from the detection surface. A lens-free image of the specifically bound magnetic particles on the detection surface was recorded by a CMOS imager. This recorded interference pattern was reconstructed in software, to represent the particle image at the focal distance, using little computational power. As a result we were able to detect DNA concentrations down to 10 pM with single particle sensitivity. The possibility of integrated sample preparation by manipulation of magnetic particles, combined with the cheap and highly compact lens-free detection makes our system an ideal candidate for point-of-care diagnostic applications.
Novel Vertical Polysilicon Thin-Film Transistor with Excimer-Laser Annealing (2003)

In this paper, we propose a novel self-alignment vertical thin-film transistor (VTFT) structure with excimer laser annealing (ELA). The ELA on source and drain decreases the process temperature, suppresses the lateral diffusion of dopants in short channel devices and increases the driving current. Furthermore, the VTFTs have high carrier mobility, compared to conventional polysilicon thin film transistors (TFTs).
Impact of iron dust on electromechanical systems: A case study (2016)

Several actuators (e.g. permanent magnet (PM) machines, magnet valves), sensors (e.g. reed sensors, Hall sensors, inductive proximity switches) and emerging inductive energy harvesting systems rely on a clean environment and/or well-defined magnetic conditions. However, in industrial environments iron dust or iron powder may be present, as e.g. resulting from machining, i.e. drilling or milling of mechanical parts or from mechanical wear, and could accumulate in the vicinity of magnetic components. Accordingly, a model for describing the magnetostatic properties of iron dust is required for analyzing a potentially negative impact on the operating behavior. The model derived in this paper is based on the B-H curve of an underlying base material (C45E steel in the presented case) and two further coefficients, representing the influence of powder density and the imperfect magnetic junction at the interfaces between iron particles. The model is then utilized for investigating the influence of iron dust on the operation of a recently introduced kinetic energy harvesting (KEH) system, as a case study. Three-dimensional finite element method (3-D FEM) simulations show that in this case the flux is actually enhanced by iron dust accumulated in front of the harvester. The paper concludes with an experimental verification of the iron dust B-H model and an experimental analysis of the KEH performance degradation due to iron dust.
Separation of (3R, 3′ R)‐, (3R, 3′ S; meso)‐, (3S, 3′ S)‐ Zeaxanthin, (3R, 3′ R, 6′ R)‐, (3R, 3′ S, 6′ S)‐ and (3S, 3′ S, 6′ S)‐Lutein via the dicarbamates of (S)‐(+)‐α‐(1‐naphthyl) ethyl isocyanate (1983)

Abstract A method is described for the qualitative and quantitative determination of configurational isomers of zeaxanthin (=3,3′ ‐dihydroxy‐β, β ‐carotene) and lutein (=3,3′ ‐dihydroxy‐α ‐cartotene). It is based on the reaction of these zeaxathin and lutein isomers with ( S )‐(+)‐α‐(1‐naphthyl) ethyl isocyanate to afford diastereomeric dicarbamates, which are analyzed by HPLC.
Visible–Near-Infrared Spectroscopy by Downhole Fluid Analysis Coupled with Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography To Address Oil Reservoir Complexity (2007)

One of the largest problems facing the oil industry today is to characterize fluid and architectural complexities of oil reservoirs. This applies particularly in the development of offshore fields where reservoir reconnaissance is impeded by the high costs of wells, often exceeding $100 million. As such, new methods are being developed to address these complexities. Downhole fluid analysis (DFA) is a new method of in-situ fluid characterization used to understand the heterogeneous distributions of hydrocarbon fluids in the reservoir and to identify which crude oils merit subsequent analysis in the laboratory. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) is a powerful new method to analyze complex hydrocarbon mixtures such as crude oils and, especially when combined with mass spectroscopy, to elucidate explicit chemical structures. Here, we explore the protocol of DFA coupled with GC×GC to address reservoir complexities.
Next-Generation Nanomedicines and Nanosimilars: EU Regulators’ Initiatives Relating to The Development and Evaluation of Nanomedicines (2013)

Over the last three decades many first-generation nanomedicines have successfully entered routine clinical use and it is now important for medicines regulatory agencies to consider the mechanisms needed to ensure safe introduction of 'follow-on' nanomedicine products, 'nanosimilars'. Moreover, drug regulators need to ensure that 'next'-generation nanomedicines enter clinical development and consequently the market in a safe and timely way for the benefit of public health. Here we review recent European Medicines Agency activities that relate to the effective development and evaluation of nanomedicine products while keeping patient and consumer safety at the forefront.
Optical versus Video See-Through Head-Mounted Displays (2001)

One of the most promising and challenging future uses of head-mounted displays (HMDs) is in applications where virtual environments enhance rather than replace real environments. This is referred to as augmented reality (Bajura et al., 1992). To obtain an enhanced view of the real environment, users wear see-through HMDs to see 3D computer-generated objects superimposed on their real-world view. This see-through capability can be accomplished using either an optical (shown in Fig. 4.1) or a video see-through HMD (shown in Fig. 4.2). We shall discuss the trade-offs between optical and video seethrough HMDs with respect to technological and human factor issues and discuss our experience designing, building, and testing these HMDs.
Seasonal Variations of Zooplankton Community in Selected Ponds at Lake Kolleru Region of Andhra Pradesh, India (2017)

Zooplankton holds a key position in the food web as it was directly related to the consumption of organic energy produced by phytoplanktonic photosynthesis and then by transforming it to the higher tropical levels of hetirotropes such as fish. Some zooplankton population disappeared at a specified period and reappeared during other period. This disappearance may be due to the fact that some species occur in spores, under favorable conditions spore germinate and appear as zooplankton. Plankton diversity and physicochemical parameters of water are important criteria for evaluating the suitability of water for culture practices. Therefore, structure of different fish food organisms assumes greater significance to fisheries management. Indiscriminate exploitation of Lake Kolleru has been evidently resulted in the depletion of fish fauna and it leading to folding and other negative consequences at surrounding area. In this study, we tried to assess zooplankton richness, evenness and diversity to observe the state of pond water in the study area. A total number 16 species recorded with 9 Rotifera, 3 Cladocera and 4 Copepods. In the rotifers the genus Brachionus is the dominant group.
Lipocalin 2 as a potential systemic biomarker for central serous chorioretinopathy (2020)

No systemic biomarker of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) has been identified. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2 or NGAL), alone or complexed with MMP-9 (NGAL/MMP-9), is increased in several retinal disorders. Serum levels of LCN2 and NGAL/MMP-9 were measured in CSCR patients (n = 147) with chronic (n = 76) or acute/recurrent disease (n = 71) and in age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 130). Samples with CRP > 5 mg/L, creatinine > 100 µmol/L, and/or urea > 7.5 mmol/L were excluded. Serum LCN2 was lower in CSCR patients than controls (81.4 ± 48.7 vs 107.3 ± 44.5 ng/ml, p < 0.0001), and lower in acute/recurrent CSCR than controls (p < 0.001) and chronic CSCR (p = 0.006). Serum NGAL/MMP-9 was lower in CSCR patients than controls (47.2 ± 40.7 vs 74.1 ± 42.6, p < 0.0001), and lower in acute/recurrent CSCR than controls (p < 0.001) and chronic CSCR (p = 0.002). A ROC curve showed that for LCN2 serum levels, the 80-ng/ml cutoff value allows to discriminate acute/recurrent CSCR from controls with 80.3% sensitivity and 75.8% specificity, and for NGAL/MMP-9 serum levels, a 38-ng/ml cutoff value allows to discriminate acute/recurrent CSCR from controls with 69.6% sensitivity and 80.3% specificity. In both acute and chronic CSCR, low serum LCN2 and NGAL/MMP-9, provide a biological link between the two CSCR forms, and potential susceptibility to oxidative stress and innate immune dysregulation in CSCR.
P3‐299: Chronic administration of a novel BACE inhibitor reduced brain Aβ levels and mature plaques and modestly improved cognition in transgenic CRND8‐APPswe/ind mice (2010)

improved cognitive function in a mouse model of AD (APP/PS1). Methods: To track BMDCs, bone marrow harvested from the mice carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) was transplanted to the APP/PS1 mice. Thereafter, SCF+G-CSF were subcutaneous administered for 12 days, beginning at the age of 8 months when Ab plaques had appeared in the brain. To evaluate special learning and memory, water maze test was performed before and 9 months after treatment. Results: We observed that SCF+G-CSF-treated mice showed significantly shorter escape latency and that the number of senile plaques was significantly reduced by SCF+G-CSF treatment. In addition, a significant high number of GFP+/Iba1+ cells surrounding Ab plaques was seen in SCF+G-CSF-treated mice. Conclusions: These data suggest that SCF+G-CSF treatment may delay AD progress by enhancing clearance of Ab deposits via BM-derived microglial cells. These data would help in developing an effective treatment to improve health of AD.
SARS-CoV-2 infection in schools in a northern French city: a retrospective serological cohort study in an area of high transmission, France, January to April 2020 (2021)

BackgroundChildren's role in SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology remains unclear. We investigated an initially unnoticed SARS-CoV-2 outbreak linked to schools in northern France, beginning as early as mid-January 2020.AimsThis retrospective observational study documents the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, linked to an affected high school (n = 664 participants) and primary schools (n = 1,340 study participants), in the context of unsuspected SARS-CoV-2 circulation and limited control measures.MethodsBetween 30 March and 30 April 2020, all school staff, as well as pupils and their parents and relatives were invited for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing and to complete a questionnaire covering symptom history since 13 January 2020.ResultsIn the high school, infection attack rates were 38.1% (91/239), 43.4% (23/53), and 59.3% (16/27), in pupils, teachers, and non-teaching staff respectively vs 10.1% (23/228) and 12.0% (14/117) in the pupils' parents and relatives (p < 0.001). Among the six primary schools, three children attending separate schools at the outbreak start, while symptomatic, might have introduced SARS-CoV-2 there, but symptomatic secondary cases related to them could not be definitely identified. In the primary schools overall, antibody prevalence in pupils sharing classes with symptomatic cases was higher than in pupils from other classes: 15/65 (23.1%) vs 30/445 (6.7%) (p < 0.001). Among 46 SARS-CoV-2 seropositive pupils < 12 years old, 20 were asymptomatic. Whether past HKU1 and OC43 seasonal coronavirus infection protected against SARS-CoV-2 infection in 6-11 year olds could not be inferred.ConclusionsViral circulation can occur in high and primary schools so keeping them open requires consideration of appropriate control measures and enhanced surveillance.
A 14Gb/s high-swing thin-oxide device SST TX in 45nm CMOS SOI (2011)

The limited supply voltage of today's state-of-the-art CMOS technologies makes the design of high-speed transmitters at signaling swings above the typical 1 V supply a challenging task. Higher-voltage TX amplitude is not only required in older I/O standards and legacy applications, but also in emerging electro-optical extensions where high voltage swing combined with high-speed operation is desired. Higher swing also helps meet certain I/O standards in applications where losses introduced by high-density package constraints can be compensat ed to some extent. The source-series terminated (SST) driver is a versatile building block in a multi standard I/O TX thanks to its potential for low-power operation, its low area consumption, high CMOS-style circuit content, and flexible termination capability. Also, the SST driver supports single-ended output and differential operation. This contribution presents a high-swing SST TX based entirely on thin-oxide devices and using a split supply approach for driving the NMOS and the PMOS branches of the output driver, along with a static voltage protection scheme.
Gemcitabine and vinorelbine in recurrent head and neck cancer: pharmacokinetic and clinical results. (2003)

The GEM-VNB combination has a palliative role in patients with favourable characteristics; the results seem no better than those observed with VNB alone. Moreover, this drug association does not alter the pharmacokinetic profile of both drugs, also compared to GEM monotherapy.
Tandem mass spectrometry of model peptides modified with trans-2-hexenal, a product of lipid peroxidation (1999)

Small molecules formed during lipid peroxidation can react with the basic groups in proteins through different mechanisms. Recently, substituted pyridinium moieties were observed during in vitro incubations of lysine-containing peptides with 2-alkenals. To explore the dissociation behavior of peptides with pyridinium-derivatized lysine residues, the peptide ions created through either matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization or electrospray ionization were studied with tandem mass spectrometry. The permanently charged pyridinium ions fragment primarily through the charge-remote processes. Under high energy collision-induced dissociation, a number of diagnostic ions were observed that could potentially be used to identify modified residues in proteins. The origins of these ions were studied using deuterium exchange and higher-order mass spectrometry experiments using an ion trap instrument. Rational structures for these ions are proposed.
The L2 acquisition of case absorption effects in Japanese and English passives by English and Japanese speakers (2006)

This paper presents findings on the second acquisition (L2) of passives involving case absorption effects by English-speaking learners of Japanese and Japanese-speaking learners of English. Chomsky (1981; 1986) proposes that the defining property of passives is the absorption of structural case and that such parameter settings vary across languages. In English, case absorption by passive morphology is obligatory, yet is optional in Japanese (Nakamura, 1991). To explore the implications of such cross-linguistic differences in passive constructions, a bi-directional study was conducted, using a grammaticality judgment (GJ) task with pictures, with a total of 257 subjects: six different L2 groups (two L1 groups, each with three levels of L2 experience) and two native control groups. The results support the Full-Transfer/Full-Access Hypothesis (Schwartz &amp; Sprouse, 1994; 1996), demonstrating that the L1 case absorption settings are implicated in the initial stages of both L2 passive acquisitions, and based upon L2 input, a restructuring of the L1 settings to the L2 settings can occur. Furthermore, the results from the L2 Japanese study indicated that L1 transfer effects lasted longer with less L2 input, suggesting that L1 transfer effects are influenced by the amount of input and the acquisitional directions between English and Japanese.
Diocotron and electromagnetic modes in split-cathode fed relativistic smooth bore and six-vane magnetrons (2023)

In this article, the diocotron modes developing in a coaxial diode and the resonant magnetron modes forming in a six-vane A6 relativistic magnetron both fed by a split cathode are studied by Particle-in-Cell simulations. The split cathode is a novel type of cathode which sustains a column longitudinally oscillating electrons in a coaxial diode (smooth bore) or a magnetron over a non-emitting axial cathode conductor. The connection between the longitudinal oscillatory dynamics and the diocotron or magnetron mode development, as well as whether the diocotron modes affect the magnetron modes, is investigated.