gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pipe-flow relaminarization by temporal acceleration (1999)

An experimental and computational study was conducted in temporally accelerated pipe flows under initially turbulent conditions. Relaminarization was identified when the imposed pressure gradient was of the same order as that required for relaminarization under steady conditions. Unlike the steady case, integral development of the mean flow does not characterize relaminarization. Rather, mean-flow effects were confined to the near-wall region, with significant departures from fully turbulent flow only evident at Y+⩽50. Streamwise turbulence fluctuations in the near-wall region initially decreased and then increased, and in the pipe core region the turbulence fluctuations were effectively frozen.
Antioxidant Potential of Bark Extracts from Boreal Forest Conifers (2013)

The bark of boreal forest conifers has been traditionally used by Native Americans to treat various ailments and diseases. Some of these diseases involve reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be prevented by the consumption of antioxidants such as phenolic compounds that can be found in medicinal plants. In this study, ultrasonic assisted extraction has been performed under various solvent conditions (water:ethanol mixtures) on the bark of seven boreal forest conifers used by Native Americans including: Pinus strobus, Pinus resinosa, Pinus banksiana, Picea mariana, Picea glauca, Larix laricina, and Abies balsamea. The total phenolic content, as well as ORACFL potency and cellular antioxidant activity (IC50), were evaluated for all bark extracts, and compared with the standardized water extract of Pinus maritima bark (Pycnogenol), which showed clinical efficiency to prevent ROS deleterious effects. The best overall phenolic extraction yield and antioxidant potential was obtained with Picea glauca and Picea mariana. Interestingly, total phenolic content of these bark extracts was similar to Pycnogenol but their antioxidant activity were higher. Moreover, most of the extracts did not inhibit the growth of human skin fibroblasts, WS1. A significant correlation was found between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity for water extracts suggesting that these compounds are involved in the activity.
TOWARDS FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURAL DECOMPOSITION OF CONSTRAINED LAYER INFLATABLE SYSTEMS (2021)

Abstract Pneumatically activated systems enable myriad types of highly functional inflatables employing a wide range of architectural approaches affecting their form and function, making systematic conceptual design difficult. A new architectural class of pneumatically activated systems, constrained layer inflatable systems, consists of hierarchically architected flat layers of thin airtight bladders that are internally and/or externally constrained to generate a variety of functionalities. The highly hierarchical architectural structure of constrained layer inflatable systems coincides with the hierarchy of produced functions, providing an opportunity for the development of a functional architectural decomposition, capturing the inherent relationship between architectural and functional hierarchies. The basis of the approach is conveyed through the design of an example constrained layer inflatable system. This approach empowers the systematic understanding of the interrelated architectural and functional breakdown of constrained layer inflatable systems, enabling designers to iteratively analyze, synthesize, and re-synthesize the components of the system improving existing designs and exploring new concepts.
A DIGITAL EVENT RECORDER FOR MAPPING FIELD OPERATIONS (2004)

When site-specific field operations depend on real time decision making, additional equipment is often requiredto document the work. To fulfill this need for one class of field operations, an automated data acquisition system was developedto document real time single-value treatments. Off-the-shelf components were used to minimize system development timerequirements. The rugged system was based on a single board computer and included solid-state data storage. Laboratorytests were conducted to evaluate system performance. In the laboratory, the system documented a pre-defined series of digitalpulses, and measured integrated duty cycle was compared with actual integrated duty cycle. Maximum error (dimensionless)was 0.0026. A field verification exercise was conducted to confirm system performance under typical field conditions. Thesystem was used to document the activity of a selective sprayer operated over a known foliage pattern. Map layers of foliagelocation and sprayer actuation were in agreement. Systems have been successfully deployed by several researchers studyingherbicide application using selective sprayers. Other possibilities for use include documenting manual spot spraying for lateseason weeds, selective sub-soiling in high traffic areas, and targeted replanting after inconsistent seedling emergence.
Mechanics of a process to assemble microspheres on a patterned electrode (2006)

A process has been demonstrated recently to assemble microspheres on a patterned electrode under the influence of an applied voltage. Here we examine the mechanics of this process, and describe both the conditions under which excess microspheres jump off the electrode when the voltage is applied, and the forces that attract the remaining microspheres to the desired positions. A quantitative mechanistic understanding of this process rationalizes experimental observations, provides scaling relations, and suggests modifications of the process.
Closed-Form Sum-MSE Minimization for the Two-User Gaussian MIMO Broadcast Channel (2011)

We study the Gaussian multiple-input, multiple-output broadcast channel, where a base station with N_T antennas transmits K independent messages to K users, each having a single receive antenna. The messages consist of independent, identically distributed Gaussian random variables and we study linear transmission with an end-to-end distortion criterion. By using an already established uplink/downlink duality and a recently discovered special relation between beamforming vectors and channel vectors, we present a closed-form expression for the optimal power allocation in the two-user case. We also outline an iterative algorithm that finds the optimal power allocation for an arbitrary number of users.
ORMOCHALCs: organically modified chalcogenide polymers for infrared optics (2016)

A novel method combining elemental sulfur and selenium was developed, yielding crystalline sulfur-selenium compounds. The compounds were melted, and an organic comonomer added. Once the organic comonomer was consumed, the viscous compound was vitrified and allowed to cool yielding organic-inorganic hybrid polymers that are termed Organically Modified Chalcogenide (ORMOCHALC) polymers.
Rye Affects Bacterial Translocation, Intestinal Viscosity, Microbiota Composition and Bone Mineralization in Turkey Poults (2015)

Previously, we have reported that rye significantly increased both viscosity and Clostridium perfringens proliferation when compared with corn in an in vitro digestive model. Two independent trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of rye as a source of energy on bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, gut microbiota composition, and bone mineralization, when compared with corn in turkey poults. In each experiment, day-of-hatch, turkey poults were randomly assigned to either a corn or a rye diet (n = 0 /group). At 10 d of age, in both experiments, 12 birds/group were given an oral gavage dose of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d). After 2.5 h of oral gavage, blood and liver samples were collected to evaluate the passage of FITC-d and bacterial translocation (BT) respectively. Duodenum, ileum and cecum gut sections were collected to evaluate intestinal viscosity and to enumerate gut microbiota. Tibias were collected for observation of bone parameters. Broilers fed with a rye diet showed increased (p<0.05) intestinal viscosity, BT, and serum FITC-d. Bacterial enumeration revealed that turkey poults fed with rye had increased the number of total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in all three sections of the gastrointestinal tract evaluated when compared to turkey poults fed with corn. Turkey poults fed with rye also had significantly higher coliforms in duodenum and ileum but not in the ceca, whereas the total number of anaerobes increased only in duodenum. A significant reduction in bone strength and bone mineralization was observed in turkey poults fed with rye when compared with corn fed turkey poults. In conclusion, rye evoked mucosal damage in turkey poults that increased intestinal viscosity, increased leakage through the intestinal tract, and altered the microbiota composition and bone mineralization. Studies to evaluate dietary inclusion of selected Direct-Fed Microbial (DFM) candidates that produce exogenous enzymes in rye fed turkey poults are currently being evaluated.
Superconducting Optoelectronic Neurons II: Receiver Circuits (2018)

Circuits using superconducting single-photon detectors and Josephson junctions to perform signal reception, synaptic weighting, and integration are investigated. The circuits convert photon-detection events into flux quanta, the number of which is determined by the synaptic weight. The current from many synaptic connections is inductively coupled to a superconducting loop that implements the neuronal threshold operation. Designs are presented for synapses and neurons that perform integration as well as detect coincidence events for temporal coding. Both excitatory and inhibitory connections are demonstrated. It is shown that a neuron with a single integration loop can receive input from 1000 such synaptic connections, and neurons of similar design could employ many loops for dendritic processing.
The Cosmic Triangle: Assessing the State of the Universe (2008)

The cosmic triangle is introduced as a way of representing the past, present, and future status of the universe. Our current location within the cosmic triangle is determined by the answers to three questions: How much matter is in the universe? Is the expansion rate slowing down or speeding up? And, is the universe flat? A review of recent observations suggests a universe that is lightweight (matter density about one-third the critical value), is accelerating, and is flat. The acceleration implies the existence of cosmic dark energy that overcomes the gravitational self-attraction of matter and causes the expansion to speed up.
Federated Learning with Quantization Constraints (2020)

Traditional deep learning models are trained on centralized servers using labeled sample data collected from edge devices. This data often includes private information, which the users may not be willing to share. Federated learning (FL) is an emerging approach to train such learning models without requiring the users to share their possibly private labeled data. In FL, each user trains its copy of the learning model locally. The server then collects the individual updates and aggregates them into a global model. A major challenge that arises in this method is the need of each user to efficiently transmit its learned model over the throughput limited uplink channel. In this work, we tackle this challenge using tools from quantization theory. In particular, we identify the unique characteristics associated with conveying trained models over rate-constrained channels, and characterize a suitable quantization scheme for such setups. We show that combining universal vector quantization methods with FL yields a decentralized training system, which is both efficient and feasible. We also derive theoretical performance guarantees of the system. Our numerical results illustrate the substantial performance gains of our scheme over FL with previously proposed quantization approaches.
A real-time WARP-based data capture and playback test bed for DSP applications (2013)

A common approach to debugging real-time DSP algorithms for FPGAs is to process a known data set in simulation. However, when large data sets are necessary or desired, simulations can take a significant amount of time. The goal of the architecture presented in this paper is to allow these algorithms to be easily debugged utilizing the Wireless Open-Access Research Platform (WARP). The WARP can be a valuable tool as its 2GB DDR2 memory module is capable of storing a large number of data samples for processing by its FPGA. Data can be obtained in real-time from an RF front end for processing, or loaded into the platform via an Ethernet connection. The WARP can also be used as a waveform capture and export tool, providing data for future processing runs or simulation. In this paper, the architecture's capabilities for signal capture and storage are demonstrated through the capture of a GPS signal from a RF front end and subsequent export of the digitized signal to Matlab for post-processing.
A semiconductor metasurface with multiple functionalities: A polarizing beam splitter with simultaneous focusing ability (2014)

We propose a semiconductor metasurface that simultaneously performs two independent functions: focusing and polarization filtering. The wavefronts of the reflected and transmitted light distributions are precisely manipulated by spatial parametric variation of a subwavelength thin-film Si grating, which inherently possesses polarization filtering properties. We design a 12-μm-wide metasurface containing only nineteen Si grating ridges. Under a 10-μm-wide unpolarized Gaussian beam incidence at wavelength of 1.55 μm, the resulting device shows promising theoretical performance with high power efficiency exceeding 80% and polarization extinction ratio of ∼10 dB with focal spot diameters near 1–2 μm.
T1799ABRAFMutations in Conjunctival Melanocytic Lesions (2005)

The results showed that conjunctival nevi, similar to skin nevi, have a high frequency of oncogenic BRAF mutations. Furthermore, the results suggest that the oncogenic event leading to BRAF mutations affect only conjunctival nevi and not conjunctival PAM. The clinical significance of these observations remains to be determined.
Multiscale Finite Volume Method for Non-Conforming Coarse Grids Arising from Faulted Porous Media (2011)

Abstract The multiscale finite volume (MSFV) method is extended to account for non-matching coarse grids arising from faulted porous media. To obtain accurate quantities at the coarse scale, basis and correction functions are computed in extended local domains near the fault regions. With the new framework it is shown that the MSFV results are very close to the fine-scale reference solutions. Finally, to improve the quality and to extend the applicability of the framework, an iterative MSFV method for faulted reservoirs is devised; similar to the recently proposed i-MSFV method for conforming coarse grids by Hajibeygi et al. (2008). Convergence histories of the new i-MSFV method are shown for different homogeneous and heterogeneous test cases. It is concluded that this extension of the MSFV method is very flexible and allows to deal with complex geometries such as faulted reservoirs.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Thiazole Ring: Mini Review (2022)

Abstract: The thiazole scaffold is an essential structural foundation in a plethora of pharmaceutical products having an extensive array of biological activities. Consequently, its synthesis has been extensively discussed in the literature. In this mini review, we have summarized the recent advances in thiazole synthesis, covering articles published between 2002 and 2021. We have reviewed and discussed various recent and novel routes for synthesizing compounds containing thiazole rings from various starting materials such as thiourea, thioamide, or thiosemicarbazone. Additionally, we have illustrated environmentally benign methods for thiazole synthesis. We hope that this review can help other researchers efficiently synthesize the thiazole ring.
Parameterized Strain Estimation for Vascular Ultrasound Elastography With Sparse Representation (2020)

Ultrasound vascular strain imaging has shown its potential to interrogate the motion of the vessel wall induced by the cardiac pulsation for predicting plaque instability. In this study, a sparse model strain estimator (SMSE) is proposed to reconstruct a dense strain field at a high resolution, with no spatial derivatives, and a high computation efficiency. This sparse model utilizes the highly-compacted property of discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients, thereby allowing to parameterize displacement and strain fields with truncated DCT coefficients. The derivation of affine strain components (axial and lateral strains and shears) was reformulated into solving truncated DCT coefficients and then reconstructed with them. Moreover, an analytical solution was derived to reduce estimation time. With simulations, the SMSE reduced estimation errors by up to 50% compared with the state-of-the-art window-based Lagrangian speckle model estimator (LSME). The SMSE was also proven to be more robust than the LSME against global and local noise. For in vitro and in vivo tests, residual strains assessing cumulated errors with the SMSE were 2 to 3 times lower than with the LSME. Regarding computation efficiency, the processing time of the SMSE was reduced by 4 to 25 times compared with the LSME, according to simulations, in vitro and in vivo results. Finally, phantom studies demonstrated the enhanced spatial resolution of the proposed SMSE algorithm against LSME.
Effects of 5‘-Phosphate Derivatives of 2-Hexynyl Adenosine and 2-Phenylethynyl Adenosine on Responses of Human Platelets Mediated by P2Y Receptors (2005)

Newly synthesized mono-, di-, and triphosphate of 2-alkynyl adenosines showed very different behavior in human platelet P2Y receptor models, according to the different alkynyl chains. In fact, 2-hexynyladenosine di- (5) and triphosphate (7) induced platelet shape change and aggregation and inhibited PGE(1)-induced increase in platelet cyclic AMP. On the contrary, the corresponding 2-phenylethynyladenosine di- (6) and triphosphate (8) did not induce platelet shape change or aggregation, but inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP.
Development of a New Correlation of Gas Compressibility Factor (Z-Factor) for High Pressure Gas Reservoir (2013)

Abstract Gas compressibility factor or Z-factor for natural gas system can be determined from Standing-Katz charts using the pseudo critical gas pressure and temperatures. These charts give accurate values for Z-factors. Reservoir simulation softwares need accurate correlations to estimate the values of Z-factor, one of the famous correlations is Dranchuk&amp; Abou-Kassem Correlation. This correlation gives large errors at high gas reservoir pressures, this error could be more than 100%. The error in estimating Z-factor will lead to big error in estimating all the other gas properties such as gas formation volume factor, gas compressibility, and gas in place. In this paper a new accurate Z-factor correlation has been developed using regression for more than 300 data points of measured Z-factor using Mat lap. Old correlations give good estimation of Z-factor at low gas reservoir pressures below 6000 psia, at high pressures the error starts to appear. The developed correlation is function of pseudo reduced pressure and temperature of the gas which makes it simpler than the existing complicated correlations. The new correlation can be used to determine the gas compressibility factor at any pressure range especially for high pressures the error was less than 3% compared to the measured data. The developed correlation is very simple to be used, it just needs the gas specific gravity that can be used to determine the pseudo critical properties of the gas and at last the Z-factor can be determined. A new formula of reduced gas compressibility was developed based on the developed Z-factor correlation which in turn can be used to determine the gas compressibility.
Collaborative Construction: Human and Robotic Collaboration Enabling the Fabrication and Assembly of a Filament-Wound Structure (2016)

In this paper, we describe an interdisciplinary project and live-exhibit that investigated whether untrained humans and robots could work together collaboratively towards the common goal of building a large-scale structure composed out of robotically fabricated modules using a filament winding process. We describe the fabrication system and exhibition setup, including a custom end effector and tension control mechanism, as well as a collaborative fabrication process in which instructions delivered via wearable devices enable the trade-off of production and assembly tasks between human and robot. We describe the necessary robotic developments that facilitated a live fabrication process, including a generic robot inverse kinematic solver engine for non-spherical wrist robots, and wireless network communication connecting hardware and software. In addition, we discuss computational strategies for the fiber syntax generation and robotic motion planning which mitigated constraints such as reachability, axis limitations, and collisions, and ensured predictable and therefore safe motion in a live exhibition setting. We discuss the larger implications of this project as a case study for handling deviations due to non-standardized materials or human error, as well as a means to reconsider the fundamental separation of human and robotic tasks in a production workflow. Most significantly, the project exemplifies a hybrid domain of human and robot collaboration in which coordination and communication between robots, people, and devices can enhance the integration of robotic processes and computational control into the characteristic processes of construction.
In Situ Toughened Silicon Carbide with Al‐B‐C Additions (1996)

“ In situ toughened” silicon carbides, containing Al, B, and C additives, were prepared by hot pressing. Densification, phase transformations, and microstructural development were described. The microstructures, secondary phases, and grain boundaries were characterized using a range of analytical techniques including TEM, SEM, AES, and XRD. The modulus of rupture was determined from fourpoint bend tests, while the fracture toughness was derived either from bend tests of beam‐shaped samples with a controlled surface flaw, or from standard disk‐shaped compact‐tension specimens precracked in cyclic fatigue. The R ‐curve behavior of an in situ toughened SiC was also examined. A steady‐state toughness over 9 MPa·m 1/2 was recorded for the silicon carbide prepared with minimal additives under optimum processing conditions. This increase in fracture toughness, more than a factor of three compared to that of a commercial SiC, was achieved while maintaining a bend strength of 650 MPa. The mechanical properties were found to be related to a microstructure in which platelike grain development had been promoted and where crack bridging by intact grains was a principal source of toughening.
Acetylide-bridged tetracene dimers (2011)

Alkyne linked tetracene dimers were synthesized from naphthacenequinone and terminal acetylenes. The silylethynyl tetracene dimers exhibit good solubility, high photostability, and broad absorbance leading to photocurrent generation in an organic photovoltaic device.