gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Early Reocclusion after Thrombolysis of Copper Coil-induced Thrombi in the Canine Carotid Artery: Comparison of PEG-Hirudin and Unfractionated Heparin (1996)

Cofactor-independent thrombin inhibitors as adjunctive treatment to thrombolysis have been found to enhance reperfusion and reduce the incidence of early reocclusion more effectively than heparins. However, all thrombin inhibitors presently available are rapidly cleared from the circulation which may cause rebound effects after cessation of treatment. To evaluate the effect of PEG-hirudin (LU 87981) a new, long acting derivative of hirudin as adjunctive treatment to rt-PA, a thrombotic occlusion of the carotid artery was induced in mongrel dogs by means of a copper coil. Vessel patency was continuously monitored with an electromagnetic flow probe. Thrombolysis of the occluded artery was induced by administration of 40 micrograms x kg-1 + 240 micrograms x kg-1 x h-1 rt-PA (low dose) or 80 micrograms x kg-1 + 480 micrograms x kg-1 x h1 rt-PA (high dose). With high dose rt-PA treatment, patency was achieved in all animals within 50 min (range 24 to 75), with low dose rt-PA treatment only in 6 out of 8 animals after 73 min (range 26 to 117). Concomitant administration of PEG-hirudin (0.3 mg x kg-1 bolus + 0.15 mg x kg-1 x h-1 infusion) increased the incidence of reperfusion in the low dose rt-PA group to 100% while the reperfusion time was shortened from 73 min in the corresponding control group to 38 min (range 20 to 75 min) in the group given PEG-hirudin (p = 0.065, Mann-Whitney U-test). The carotid artery blood flow, which rapidly declined to zero within 18 to 27 min after discontinuing low or high dose rt-PA infusions remained at a sustained level for the whole observation period of 4 h only in the group given PEG-hirudin. Only one animal reoccluded after 229 min. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) given at a dose of 0.3 mg x kg-1 bolus + 0.3 mg x kg-1 x h-1 infusion did not improve the incidence of reperfusion or lower the incidence of reocclusion. Buccal bleeding time was prolonged after high dose rt-PA treatment and after low dose rt-PA with adjunctive UFH- or PEG-hirudin treatment. Buccal blood loss was not significantly affected by either treatment. In conclusion, these experiments indicate that early reocclusion after thrombolysis can effectively be diminished by concomitant treatment with the long acting thrombin inhibitor PEG-hirudin with moderate effects on bleeding time and aPTT.
Training Restricted Boltzmann Machine by Perturbation (2014)

A new approach to maximum likelihood learning of discrete graphical models and RBM in particular is introduced. Our method, Perturb and Descend (PD) is inspired by two ideas (I) perturb and MAP method for sampling (II) learning by Contrastive Divergence minimization. In contrast to perturb and MAP, PD leverages training data to learn the models that do not allow efficient MAP estimation. During the learning, to produce a sample from the current model, we start from a training data and descend in the energy landscape of the "perturbed model", for a fixed number of steps, or until a local optima is reached. For RBM, this involves linear calculations and thresholding which can be very fast. Furthermore we show that the amount of perturbation is closely related to the temperature parameter and it can regularize the model by producing robust features resulting in sparse hidden layer activation.
Accelerated human cardiac diffusion tensor imaging using simultaneous multislice imaging (2014)

The new sequence was used to obtain high-quality diffusion measurements in three closely spaced cardiac slices in a clinically feasible nine breath-hold examination. The accelerated multiband sequence is anticipated to improve quantitative measurements of cardiac microstructure by reducing the number of breath-holds required for the scan, making it practical to incorporate diffusion tensor measurements within a comprehensive clinical examination.
Noninvasive studies may have potential to replace cystoscopy in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer follow-up (2022)

Bladder cancer has a high recurrence rate which requires frequent follow-up. Cystoscopy is currently the gold standard for follow-up which is invasive and undesirable procedure for patients. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of noninvasive studies for follow-up of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. This retrospective study was done for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients with abnormal lesion at follow up cystoscopy, therefore those needed transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT). Inclusion criteria was patients who had preoperative bladder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 1 month to TUR-BT and urine cytology results. MRI, urine cytology, and surgical pathology results were analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy, diagnostic odds ratio, and number needed to misdiagnose for the diagnostic performance of non-invasive studies. From total of 2,258 TUR-BT cases, 1,532 cases of primary TUR-BT and 481 cases which bladder MRI were not done was excluded. Finally, 245 cases of TUR-BT were included. Combined urine cytology and bladder MRI showed 96% sensitivity, 43% specificity, 89% positive and 67% negative predictive values, 87% accuracy, 16.2 diagnostic odds ratio, and 7.4 number needed to misdiagnose values. Among nine false-negative cases, three (1.2%) were missed by the radiologist, two (0.8%) had an empty bladder during magnetic resonance imaging, and three (1.2%) had gross hematuria which needed cystoscopy despite of bladder MRI or urine cytology result. Only one case (0.4%) was missed based on symptoms and noninvasive tests. However, none of the false-negative cases showed rapid extensive progression requiring radical or partial cystectomy. The combination of bladder MRI and urine cytology was comparable to cystoscopy for the follow-up of recurred lesions in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients for sensitivity, but not for specificity. However, it may reduce the need for cystoscopy and allowing patients to have choices for follow up diagnostic methods. Also, additional imaging tests to evaluate kidney, ureter and peri-vesical lesions can be reduced.
Synthesis of Plakortone B and Analogs (2006)

[Structure: see text] Use of a palladium-mediated alkoxycarbonylation/lactonization process provides a variable route to analogs of the plakortones. Four different analogs, including natural plakortone B, have been synthesized via this route.
<title>Quality-of-service (QOS)-based multiplexing algorithm for access network in B-ISDN</title> (1995)

In this paper, we investigate the multiplexing algorithm for broadband ATM access network based on the quality-of-service (QOS) level of the input source traffics. We suggest an appropriate ATM multiplexing algorithm in order to satisfy their QOS requirements for the loss-sensitive traffic and the delay-sensitive traffic. For this purpose, we first study the service requirements of ATM multiplexer and the definition of QOS based on the ITU-T white recommendations. Second, we suggest a functional architecture of the broadband ATM multiplexer and the multiplexing algorithm to satisfy various QOS requirements in B-ISDN. Finally, the performance measures of interest, namely steady-state cell loss probability and average delay, are discussed by simulation results.
Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces Positioning in 6G Networks (2023)

The work analyzed the positioning of IRS over the coverage region of micro cell to derive optimal placement location to support cell-edge Internet of Things (IoT) devices with a favorable signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR). Moreover, the work derived that the implementation of IRS significantly enhances energy efficiency notably reducing the transmit power of the micro cell base station.
Dynamics of flow alignment in nanostructured ABC triblock copolymers (1996)

Nanostructured block copolymers have potential applications in emerging technologies as well as conventional fields, such as novel separation membranes, biomedical materials, optical devices and microelectronics. Recent discoveries of an array of fascinating morphologies in ABC triblocks motivates study of their dynamics and flow aligning behavior since it may provide routes to functional nanostructures that are inaccessible through block copolymers containing just two types of blocks. To better understand the dynamics of ABC triblock copolymers and to control their global order and nanostructures, requires a system that permits systematic variation of the parameters that control microphase behavior: the relative block lengths, the interaction parameters among the blocks and the sequence of blocks in the chain. Triblocks of styrene (S), isoprene (I), and a random copolymer segment of styrene and isoprene (R) provide such a model system. We begin with the case of equal length blocks and with 50:50 of S:I composition in R block so the interaction parameters among three blocks are fixed. Rheo-optical methods are used to examine flow-induced alignment kinetics. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) are used to identify the nanostructures and global order. The local structure of ABC triblocks can be globally alignedmore » using applied fields, especially flow. The interplay of temperature, oscillatory shear frequency and applied strain amplitude are investigated and compared with the previous work on AB diblocks and ABA triblocks. In ABC triblocks, distinct behavior from AB and ABA systems can be expected, not only because of different ordered structures, but also due to difference in the configuration of chains in a three-microphase structure (e.g., the B blocks are always bridges in a three-microphase ordered ABC).« less
A Facile Technique to Extract the Cross-Sectional Structure of Brittle Porous Chars from Intumescent Coatings (2019)

Intumescent coatings are part of passive fire protection systems. In case of fire, they expand under thermal stimuli and reduce heat transfer rates. Their expansion mechanisms are more or less recognized, but the fire testing data shall be interpreted as function of coating morphology. Expansion ratios are examined together with the inner structures of specimens submitted to fire. Bare cutting techniques damage the highly porous and fibrous specimens because they become very crumbly due to charring. So far, absorption contrasted X-ray computed microtomography (CT) was used as a non-destructive technique. Nevertheless, access to X-ray platforms can be relatively expensive and scarce for regular use. Also, it has some drawbacks for carbon rich specimens strongly adhering on steel substrates because it leads sometimes to noisy images and lost data due to resolution limits on specimens reaching ten of centimeters. Therefore, we propose an inexpensive and more accessible experimental approach to observe those specimens with minimized structural damage under visible lighting. To that end, charred specimens were casted into pigmented epoxy resin. After surface treatments, color contrasted cross-sections could be observed under optical digital microscopy thanks to high level of interconnectivity of pores. Subsequent image treatments confirmed that the structural integrity was kept when compared to previous CT data. The proposed method is practical, cheaper and more accessible for the quantitative assessment of inner structure of charred brittle specimens.
Investigations of a new diagnostics technology for hepatocellular carcinoma screening. (2015)

e22171 Background: A newly developed diagnostic technology named Cancer Differentiation Analysis Technology (CDA) was investigated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening. The CDA technology is a blood-sample based, multi-level, multi-parameter diagnostic method which detects signals from both proteins and cells, in which multiple aspects of information collected to improve diagnostic accuracy. Methods: Blood samples from patients with HCC (n = 511), cirrhosis (n = 71) and other benign liver diseases (BLD) (n = 46), as well as control subjects (n = 79) were collected in EDTA tubes. CDA values were measured using a CDA device. After removing outliers, the final valid CDA data came from 485 HCC patients, 64 cirrhosis, 44 other benign liver diseases, and 75 controls. All data were analyzed and the results were shown in the table below. Results: The average CDA of HCC, cirrhosis, BLD, and controls were 53.14, 44.04, 41.90, and 33.90 (rel. units), respectively. The results indicated that HCC could be significantly distinguished from the control, BLD, and cirrhosis (all p < 0.001), and the control could be distinguished from BLD and cirrhosis (both p < 0.001). The false positives in HCC diagnostic tests could possibly be reduced with this new technology, given statistically significant difference between HCC , and cirrhosis and BLD. Conclusions: Initial results showed that CDA technology could be a potential candidate for HCC screening. Table 1 Summary of CDA Test Results. Group Number of CDA Data Set Gender (Male %) Age Range (year) Average Age (year) Median Age (year) Average CDA (rel. units) Median CDA (rel. units) SD of CDA (rel. units) HCC 485 87 32 - 87 58 58 53.14 53.49 4.03 Hepatocirrhosis 64 83 19 - 81 55 54 44.04 43.83 5.74 BLD 44 68 24 - 75 54 51 41.90 43.43 6.05 Control 75 57 23 - 89 50 49 34.24 33.90 4.76
Ion exchange membranes, electrochemical systems, and methods (2023)

Disclosed herein are ion exchange membranes, electrochemical systems, and methods that relate to various configurations of the ion exchange membranes and other components of the electrochemical cell.
The Effect of Executing Mispredicted Load Instructions in a Speculative Multithreaded Architecture (2002)

Concurrent multithreaded architectures exploit both instructionlevel and thread-level parallelism in application programs. A single-threaded sequencing mechanism needs speculative execution beyond conditional branches in order to exploit more instruction-level parallelism. In addition, an aggressive multithreaded architecture should also use thread-level control speculation in order to exploit more thread-level parallelism. The instructionand thread-level speculative execution of load instructions in a multithreaded architecture system has a greater impact on the performance of the cache hierarchy as the design becomes more aggressive using wider issue processors and more thread units. In this study, we investigate the effects of executing the mispredicted load instructions on the cache performance of a scalable multithreaded computer system. The execution of loads down the wrongly predicted branch path within a thread unit or in a wrongly forked thread can result in an indirect prefetching effect for correct execution. This is possible even after the outcome of a control speculation is known. By allowing mispredicted load instructions to continue execution even after the instruction or thread level control speculation is known to have failed, we show that we can reduce the cache misses for the correctly predicted paths and threads. However, these additional loads also can increase the amount of memory traffic and can pollute the cache. Our results show that the performance of a concurrent multithreaded architecture can be improved as much as 14%, while reducing the number of L1 data cache misses up to 35%.
Dynamic nonlinear properties of dielectric interference filters (1986)

We report the use of the nonlinear optical responses of multilayer dielectric interference filters to investigate the electron dynamics of thin-film ZnSe. Filters with spacer layers of ZnSe deposited by both vacuum thermal and molecular-beam techniques are investigated. Using cw irradiation from a 30-mW He-Ne laser, nonlinear Fabry-Perot action and optical bistability are observed for a number of filter designs.1
Pinoxaden - for broad spectrum grass weed management in cereal crops (2006)

Summary Pinoxaden is a new grass active compound discovered by Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland. The innovative molecule belongs to the phenlypyrazolin chemistry and is being developed for global use in cereal crops. Pinoxaden is applied post-emergence at use rates of 30-60 g ai/ha and active against a wide range of important grass weed species (Alopecurus myosuroides, Apera spica-venti, Avena spp., Lolium spp., Phalaris spp. and Setaria spp.). Tolerance in key cereal crops – including both wheat and barley – is obtained by incorporating the proprietary safener cloquintocet-mexyl into an easyto-use liquid formulation, which delivers maximal performance when used with a specially optimized adjuvant. Due to its high level of activity against most important grass weeds, its tolerance in wheat and barley crops combined with a wide application window from early to late post-emergence and rotational freedom to following crops, pinoxaden will set a new standard in grass weed control in cereals. Starting from 2006, pinoxaden will be introduced as AXIAL ® into cereal markets globally.
Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Materials for Therapeutic Delivery (2013)

This chapter discusses the contemporary use of hydroxyapatite (HAP)-based biomaterials for therapeutic drug delivery, with a particular emphasis on their fabrication, stability, dissolution, and interaction with drugs. Calcium phosphate biomaterials such as HAP-based biomaterials are particularly interesting vehicles for localized therapeutic delivery, as they have a long tenure as osteoconductive bone graft substitutes in orthopedic, dental, and plastic/reconstructive surgery applications. Biomineralization constitutes the formation of inorganic minerals within biological systems, which typically involves induction, nucleation, and mineral growth facilitated by the presence of an organic matrix and cellular activity. One of the common themes in biomineralization, and by extension in biomimetic mineralization, is heterogeneous nucleation. This type of nucleation occurs when nuclei are energetically stabilized on an organic surface. The precise mechanism by which calcium phosphate minerals nucleate in nature has been debated for many years, and several studies have postulated that anionic functional groups serve to concentrate clusters that contain inorganic cations, creating local supersaturation that promotes nucleation.
Overexpression of c-Myc Alters G 1 /S Arrest following Ionizing Radiation (2002)

Study of the mechanism(s) of genomic instability induced by the c-myc proto-oncogene has the potential to shed new light on its well-known oncogenic activity. However, an underlying mechanism(s) for this phenotype is largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of c-Myc overexpression on the DNA damage-induced G(1)/S checkpoint, in order to obtain mechanistic insights into how deregulated c-Myc destabilizes the cellular genome. The DNA damage-induced checkpoints are among the primary safeguard mechanisms for genomic stability, and alterations of cell cycle checkpoints are known to be crucial for certain types of genomic instability, such as gene amplification. The effects of c-Myc overexpression were studied in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) as one approach to understanding the c-Myc-induced genomic instability in the context of mammary tumorigenesis. Initially, flow-cytometric analyses were used with two c-Myc-overexpressing, nontransformed immortal lines (184A1N4 and MCF10A) to determine whether c-Myc overexpression leads to alteration of cell cycle arrest following ionizing radiation (IR). Inappropriate entry into S phase was then confirmed with a bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay measuring de novo DNA synthesis following IR. Direct involvement of c-Myc overexpression in alteration of the G(1)/S checkpoint was then confirmed by utilizing the MycER construct, a regulatable c-Myc. A transient excess of c-Myc activity, provided by the activated MycER, was similarly able to induce the inappropriate de novo DNA synthesis following IR. Significantly, the transient expression of full-length c-Myc in normal mortal HMECs also facilitated entry into S phase and the inappropriate de novo DNA synthesis following IR. Furthermore, irradiated, c-Myc-infected, normal HMECs developed a sub-G(1) population and a >4N population of cells. The c-Myc-induced alteration of the G(1)/S checkpoint was also compared to the effects of expression of MycS (N-terminally truncated c-Myc) and p53DD (a dominant negative p53) in the HMECs. We observed inappropriate hyperphosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein and then the reappearance of cyclin A, following IR, selectively in full-length c-Myc- and p53DD-overexpressing MCF10A cells. Based on these results, we propose that c-Myc attenuates a safeguard mechanism for genomic stability; this property may contribute to c-Myc-induced genomic instability and to the potent oncogenic activity of c-Myc.
Pattern Matching of Packet Payload for Network Traffic Classification (2006)

We propose the method for classification of network traffic. This method uses pattern matching in packet payload as well as application port number. Some applications do not comply with well-know port number rule, so it needs additional work to classify those accurately.
Cross-Reactivity ofSchistosoma mansoniCytosolic Superoxide Dismutase, a Protective Vaccine Candidate, with Host Superoxide Dismutase and Identification of Parasite-Specific B Epitopes (2004)

Schistosoma mansoni, an intravascular parasite, has evolved a number of immune evasion mechanisms to establish itself in the host, such as antioxidant enzymes. Our laboratory has demonstrated that the highest levels of certain antioxidant enzymes are found in adult worms, which are the least susceptible to immune killing. Vaccination of mice with naked DNA constructs containing the gene encoding Cu/Zn cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SmCT-SOD) showed significant levels of protection compared to a control group, and our data demonstrate that the adult worms are a target of the immune response that confers resistance in SmCT-SOD DNA-vaccinated mice. Because SmCT-SOD shows significant identity with the human homologue, we evaluated the reactivity of anti-SmCT-SOD antibodies derived from SmCT-SOD-immunized mice and rabbits and from S. mansoni-infected individuals to human superoxide dismutase (hSOD) and SmCT-SOD parasite-specific peptides to assess the potential for autoimmune responses from immunization with the recombinant molecule. In addition, we evaluated the ability of various SmCT-SOD adjuvant-delivered immunizations to induce cross-reactive antibodies. Both mouse and rabbit antibodies generated against SmCT-SOD recognized the denatured form of hSOD. The same antibodies did not recognize nondenatured hSOD. Sera from infected individuals with different clinical forms of schistosomiasis recognized SmCT-SOD but not hSOD. Antibodies from mice immunized with different SmCT-SOD-containing formulations of both DNA and protein were able to recognize SmCT-SOD-derived peptides but not soluble hSOD. All together, these findings serve as a basis for developing a subunit vaccine against schistosomiasis.