gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying Roles in Social Networks using Linguistic Analysis (2011)

Social media sites have been significantly growing in the past few years. This resulted in the emergence of several communities of communicating groups, and a huge amount of text exchanged between members of those groups. In our work, we study how linguistic analysis techniques can be used for understanding the implicit relations that develop in on-line communities. We use this understanding to develop models that explain the processes that govern language use and how it reveals the formation of social relations. We study the relation between language choices and attitude between participants and how they may lead to or reveal antagonisms and rifts in social groups. Both positive (friendly) and negative (antagonistic) relations exist between individuals in communicating communities. Negative relations have received very little attention, when compared to positive relations, because of the lack of an explicit notion of labeling negative relations in most social computing applications. We alleviate this problem by studying text exchanged between participants to mine their attitude. Another important aspect of our research is the study of influence in discussions and how it affects participants’ discourse. In any debate or discussion, there are certain types of persons who influence other people and affect their ideas and rhetoric. We rely on natural language processing techniques to find implicit connections between individuals that model this influence. We couple this with network analysis techniques for identifying the most authoritative or salient entities. We also study how salience evolves over time. Our work is uniquely characterized by combining linguistic features and network analysis to reveal social roles in different communities. The methods we developed can find several interesting areas of applications. For example, they can be used for identifying authoritative sources in social media, finding influential people in communities, mining attitude toward events and topics, detecting rifts and subgroup formation, summarizing different viewpoints with respect to some topic or entity, and many other such applications.
Novel Genes Mapping to the Critical Region of the 5q− Syndrome (1997)

The 5q- syndrome is a myelodysplastic syndrome with specific hematological features and a good prognosis. Using molecular mapping techniques, we have previously defined the critical region of gene loss of the 5q- chromosome in the 5q- syndrome as the approximately 5-Mb region at 5q31-q33 flanked by the genes for FGF1 and IL12B. This region is completely represented by a series of overlapping YACs, and we are currently generating a transcription map with the aim of identifying the tumor-suppressor gene associated with the development of the 5q- syndrome. In this study two techniques have been used: first, the screening of full-length cDNA libraries with radiolabeled YACs and second, the mapping of chromosome 5-specific expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to a YAC contig. A 1-Mb YAC contig encompassing the CSF1R gene has been used to screen a fetal brain cDNA library, and this has resulted in the identification of two genes comprising one known gene previously localized to the region (ADRB2) and one known gene previously unlocalized. Six of 135 chromosome 5-specific ESTs were localized by PCR screening to the YAC contig mapping to the critical region of the 5q- syndrome. IMAGE cDNA clones for each of the six ESTs have been obtained. These seven (excluding ADRB2) newly assigned cDNA clones were subjected to further analysis. The expression patterns of each of the cDNA clones have been established in a range of human tissues, including bone marrow. Six of seven cDNAs are expressed in human bone marrow. Six of seven cDNAs have no known homology to any deposited human sequences, and one (C29) is dihydropyrimidinase-related protein-3, a member of a novel gene family. Genomic localization and expression patterns would suggest that these newly assigned cDNAs represent potential candidate genes for the 5q- syndrome.
Trial of the Route of Early Nutritional Support in Critically Ill Adults (2014)

We found no significant difference in 30-day mortality associated with the route of delivery of early nutritional support in critically ill adults. (Funded by the United Kingdom National Institute for Health Research; CALORIES Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN17386141.).
Xanthan Gum—A Lyotropic, Liquid Crystalline Polymer and its Properties as a Suspending Agent (1982)

Abstract A variety of polysaccharides have been used in drilling fluids,1–4 and some of these polymers have been studied in tertiary recovery. Of particular interest in both these areas has been xanthan gum, the extracellular polysaccharide produced by Xanthomonas campestris, because of its relatively stable viscosity properties as a function of salt concentration, pH, temperature, and shear degradation. Indeed, no synthetic polymer or any other commercially available, naturally occurring polymer, or polymer derivative has been able to duplicate the solution behavior of xanthan gum. During a study of xanthan gum's ability to suspend barium sulfate, it appeared that xanthan gum in aqueous solution at relatively low concentrations could have lyotropic liquid crystalline behavior. Behavior of this type has been noted for other biopolymers5 and recently has been demonstrated for various cellulose derivatives.6–10 An anisotropically ordered polymer solution would be extremely difficult to reproduce synthetically but could explain most of the unique properties of xanthan solutions. To test the possibility that xanthan gum could have liquid crystalline order, a variety of xanthan solutions of various polymer concentrations in the presence and absence of various salts were studied under a polarized light microscope (100X). With solutions from 2 to 10% (wt/vol) xanthan gum in distilled water at room temperature, birefringent, ordered domains were observed at 10% concentration, with a decrease in birefringence as the polymer concentration decreased. At 2% concentration, no birefringence was observed, indicating the apparent area of change from an isotropic to an anisotropic phase. This point appears to occur at 2.9% by optical determination. In fact, this value could be considerably lower as revealed by other techniques for anisotropic xanthan solutions.8–10 For the 10% solution of xanthan gum, heating in a roller oven at 150°F (66°C) for 2 hours did not diminish the birefringence. Similarly, when a 10% xanthan gum solution was prepared in 10% KCI and in 33% CaCl2 solutions, birefringence was not decreased.
The Benefits of Scale— Coupling Capillary Ion Chromatography to ESI-MS/MS Detection (2000)

The coupling of electrospray (ESI) mass spectrometric detection with ion chromatography, made possible by the use of an IC suppressor, has evolved from purely qualitative work to full quantification in EPA Method 332.0 for the determination of perchlorate in drinking water. The 2 mm format IC-MS/MS methods are linear over about two orders of magnitude, beginning in the low ppt concentrations, using a 100 µL injection volume, as determined using correlation coefficients. This can be inconvenient in real-world environments where samples vary well out of this range and sample dilution is required on an inconsistent basis. Successes in the development of capillary-bore (e.g., 0.4 mm i.d.) separators and suppressors have allowed exploration into possible advantages of smaller scales relative to the 2 mm format currently in use in most IC-MS applications. We have investigated the effects of parameters including flow rate, solvent composition, injection volume, and ESI interface temperature on linear range, sensitivity, and system ruggedness. In this presentation, we compare considerations in the use of 2 mm format to capillary format. We used capillary separators and suppressors of our own construction, a modified IC system, and a standard low-end triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with a standard electrospray interface. We have achieved equivalent signal-to-noise ratios in 2 mm and 0.4 mm formats and have found significant (about 12×) improvement in linear range in the capillary system, using correlation coefficients. The improvement in linear range is due to better compatibility of the ESI-MS interface with the lower flow rates and smaller injection volumes.
Variable-coherence tomography for inverse scattering problems (2004)

We propose a technique for determining the pair-correlation function of a quasi-homogeneous medium. The method uses the variation of the spatial-coherence properties of the incident beam to generate two separate volumes of coherence where the field is correlated. Using this specially prepared beam, we reconstruct experimentally the correlation function of a scattering potential by recording the scattered intensity in only one direction.
Strictly co-isogenic C57BL/6J-Prnp−/−mice: A rigorous resource for prion science (2016)

RES ULTS AND DIS CUS SION TAL EN-induced disruption of the Prnp protein-coding sequenceThe complete protein-coding DNA sequence (CDS) for mouse PrP C is located within exon 3 of the Prnp gene.To eliminate PrP C expression in C57BL/6J without disrupting the Prnp gene architecture, we used a TAL EN pair targeting a site within the Prnp CDS in close proximity to the start codon (Fig. 1 A). 1 of 44 F 0 pups was found to carry a Prnp Although its involvement in prion replication and neurotoxicity during transmissible spongiform encephalopathies is undisputed, the physiological role of the cellular prion protein (PrP C ) remains enigmatic.A plethora of functions have been ascribed to PrP C based on phenotypes of Prnp -/-mice.However, all currently available Prnp -/-lines were generated in embryonic stem cells from the 129 strain of the laboratory mouse and mostly crossed to non-129 strains.Therefore, Prnp-linked loci polymorphic between 129 and the backcrossing strain resulted in systematic genetic confounders and led to erroneous conclusions.We used TAL EN-mediated genome editing in fertilized mouse oocytes to create the Zurich-3 (ZH3) Prnp-ablated allele on a pure C57BL/6J genetic background.Genomic, transcriptional, and phenotypic characterization of Prnp ZH3/ZH3 mice failed to identify phenotypes previously described in non-co-isogenic Prnp -/-mice.However, aged Prnp ZH3/ZH3 mice developed a chronic demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, confirming the crucial involvement of PrP C in peripheral myelin maintenance.This new line represents a rigorous genetic resource for studying the role of PrP C in physiology and disease.
The Efficient Dual Receiver Cryptosystem and Its Applications (2011)

We put forth the notion of efficient dual receiver cryptosystems and implement it based on bilinear pairings over certain elliptic curve groups. The cryptosystem is simple and efficient yet powerful, as it helps to solve two problems of practical importance whose solutions had proven to be elusive until now: (1) A provably secure "combined" public-key cryptosystem (with a single secret key per user) where the key is used for both decryption and signing and where encryption can be escrowed and recovered, while the signature capability never leaves its owner. This is an open problem proposed by the work of Haber and Pinkas. (2) A puzzle is a method for rate-limiting remote users by forcing them to solve a computational task (the puzzle). Puzzles have been based on cryptographic challenges in the past, but the successful design of embedding a useful cryptographic task inside a puzzle, originally posed by Dwork and Naor, has remained problematic. We model and present "useful security puzzles" applicable as an online transaction server (such as a Web server).
Analysis of the Impact of Fast Charging on Aging for Smartphone Cells: A Case Study Using Synchrotron Based Techniques (2020)

With the rapid market increase of consumer electronic devices such as smartphones and tablets, the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in such devices becomes an important factor. In particular, fast charging, longer lasting batteries and safety are primary concerns for consumers. Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) is a common cathode material for these applications, and in smartphone applications with 1-2 cycles a day, LCO has been proven to be a good cathode with its high cycle life. 1,2 However, besides offering high cycling stability and power density for mobile consumer applications, another requirement for LIBs utilized in smartphones and other portable electronic devices is the capability of fast charging, without a detrimental impact on the cycling stability. Different fast charging profiles can lead to various extents of degradation within the full cell. Consequently, strategies are needed to avoid or mitigate any negative impact of fast charging on battery capacity, power degradation and cycle life. In this work, we employed extensive synchrotron-based characterization methods on smartphone batteries (LCO/graphite), offering new insight into the various degradation mechanisms during fast charging. Specifically we focus on an in-house developed fast-charging profile based on a physics-based battery model and compare it with the fast charging profile provided by the OEM. We reveal how lithium plating occurring on the anode side during fast charging is ‘mirrored’ on the cathode side leading to inactive cathode areas that only participate partly in lithium intercalation. While no morphological changes were observed in the cathode opposing the plating sides on the anode, in-situ hard XAS spectroscopy shows that deactivated spots on the cathode are not as redox active anymore, and synchrotron micro XRD shows significant changes in the lattice d-spacing value. We conclude that a fast charging strategy derived from a physics-based model drastically reduces capacity fade and rate of impedance rise in a LCO/graphite smartphone cell as used in this work. References 1 L. Wang, J. Ma, C. Wang, X. Yu, R. Liu, F. Jiang, X. Sun, A. Du, X. Zhou and G. Cui, Adv. Sci., 2019, 6, 1900355. 2 M. S. Whittingham, Chem. Rev., 2004, 104, 4271–4302.
Pairing strategies for the Maker-Breaker game on the hypercube with subcubes as winning sets (2020)

We consider the Maker-Breaker positional game on the vertices of the $n$-dimensional hypercube $\{0,1\}^n$ with $k$-dimensional subcubes as winning sets. We describe a pairing strategy which allows Breaker to win if $n$ is a power of 4 and $k \ge n/4 +1$. Our results also imply that for all $n \geq 3$ there is a Breaker's win pairing strategy if $k \ge \left\lfloor\frac{3}{7}n\right\rfloor +1$.
Oxford medial unicompartmental arthroplasty for focal spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (2005)

Use of the Oxford Medial UKA for spontaneous focal osteonecrosis of the knee is reliable in the short to medium term, and gives results similar to those obtained when it is used for patients with primary osteoarthrosis.
Abstract WP160: Delirium in Right Hemisphere Stroke (2017)

Introduction: Delirium, a disorder of attention and arousal, poses a large public health burden. Inattention and fluctuating cognitive status, two primary delirium symptoms, also occur when specialized right brain systems are impaired. Although right hemisphere stroke may predispose to delirium, systematic assessment methods and management of these patients are not yet available. We sought to characterize the incidence of delirium in right hemisphere stroke patients and explore whether stroke localization was associated with delirium. Methods: We identified consecutive patients admitted to our stroke service with acute right hemisphere stroke over a 6-month period from our prospective stroke registry. We reviewed the medical record for core delirium symptoms: inattention, cognitive fluctuation, and either disorganized thinking, or altered level of consciousness. Delirium was assessed by systematically screening for trigger words. We compared baseline characteristics with Fisher’s exact and t-tests and assessed relation of stroke localization to delirium with logistic regression. Results: Of 105 patients with acute right hemisphere stroke, 27 (26%) had delirium. Delirium patients were older (mean age 78 vs. 68, p&lt;0.01), more likely to have dementia (30% vs. 5%, p&lt;0.01) and prior stroke (52% vs. 28%, p=0.03). Median length of stay was longer (5 vs. 3 days, p&lt;0.01), and discharge home less likely (37% vs. 64%, p=0.01) in those with delirium. Delirium patients more often had strokes involving the parietal lobe (44% vs. 17%, p&lt;0.01). In a multivariable model, parietal localization strongly predicted incident delirium (OR 3.6 95%CI 1.1-11.3, p=0.03) adjusting for age, baseline NIHSS, and premorbid dementia. Conclusion: The high delirium incidence we found supports routine delirium screening in acute stroke patients. Stroke localization may be one factor to incorporate into screening tools. Studies to prospectively identify and treat delirium in both right and left hemisphere stroke patients are warranted.
Molecular and Biochemical Analysis of Duplicated Cytosolic CuZn Superoxide Dismutases of Rice and in silico Analysis in Plants (2022)

Superoxide dismutases (SODs, EC 1.15.1.1) are ubiquitous antioxidant metalloenzymes important for oxidative stress tolerance and cellular redox environment. Multiple factors have contributed toward the origin and diversity of SOD isoforms among different organisms. In plants, the genome duplication events, responsible for the generation of multiple gene copies/gene families, have also contributed toward the SOD diversity. However, the importance of such molecular events on the characteristics of SODs has not been studied well. This study investigated the effects of divergence on important characteristics of two block-duplicated rice cytosolic CuZn SODs (<i>OsCSD1</i>, <i>OsCSD4</i>), along with <i>in silico</i> assessment of similar events in other plants. The analysis revealed heterogeneity in gene length, regulatory regions, untranslated regions (UTRs), and coding regions of two <i>OsCSDs</i>. An inconsistency in the database-predicted <i>OsCSD1</i> gene structure was also identified and validated experimentally. Transcript analysis showed differences in the basal levels and stress responsiveness of <i>OsCSD1</i> and <i>OsCSD4</i>, and indicated the presence of two transcription start sites in the <i>OsCSD1</i>. At the amino acid level, the two OsCSDs showed differences at 18 sites; however, both exist as a homodimer, displaying typical CuZn SOD characteristics, and enhancing the oxidative stress tolerance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells. However, OsCSD4 showed higher specific activity as well as stability. The comparison of the two OsCSDs with reported thermostable CSDs from other plants identified regions likely to be associated with stability, while the homology modeling and superposition highlighted structural differences. The two OsCSDs displayed heteromeric interaction capability and forms an enzymatically active heterodimer (OsCSD1:OsCSD4) on co-expression, which may have significance as both are cytosolic. <i>In silico</i> analysis of 74 plant genomes revealed the prevalence of block duplications for multiple <i>CSD</i> copies (mostly cytosolic). The divergence and clustering analysis of CSDs suggested the possibility of an ancestral duplication event in monocots. Conserved SOD features indicating retention of SOD function among CSD duplicates were evident in few monocots and dicots. In most other species, the CSD copies lacked critical features and may not harbor SOD function; however, other feature-associated functions or novel functions might be present. These aspects of divergent <i>CSD</i> copies encoding co-localized CSDs may have implications in plant SOD functions in the cytosol and other organelles.
Supplementary Tables from Targeting Myddosome Signaling in Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia with the Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 1/4 Inhibitor R191 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. Gene set enrichment analysis* of the impact of exposing WaldenstrÃ¶m's cell lines to R191 with a focus on Akt. Supplementary Table 2. Combination index analysis of R191-based regimens in cell line models of WaldenstrÃ¶m's after a 24 hour treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figures from Efficacy of BET Bromodomain Inhibition in Kras-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures - PDF file 770K, Supplementary Figure 1. JQ1 treatment induces apoptosis proliferation arrest in a subset of NSCLC cells Supplementary Figure 2. JQ1 treatment promotes a depletion of 57kDa MYC in a time dependent manner in NSCLC cells Supplementary Figure 3. FOSL1 depletion is induced by JQ1 treatment regardless of the status of LKB1 Supplementary Figure 4. JQ1 treatment in mutant kras mouse induce apoptosis&lt;/p&gt;
Peering into proteolysis with presenilins (2001)

Presenilins were originally identified because they cause a neurodegenerative disease, but the impact of these proteins on the neuron appears to extend beyond neurodegeneration and into fundamental concepts of cell biology and development. Presenilins were identified as a result of the steady march of molecular genetics which first lead to identification of loci on chromosomes 1 and 14 that segregated with the phenotype of early onset familial Alzheimer Disease (AD), and then to discovery of the genes coding for PS1 and PS2.
Self‐assessed performance improves statistical fusion of image labels (2014)

The authors present the first systematic characterization of self-assessed performance in manual labeling. The authors demonstrate that self-assessment and statistical fusion yield similar, but complementary, benefits for label fusion. Finally, the authors present a new theoretical basis for combining self-assessments with statistical label fusion.
Cytotoxicity of spergualin and amine oxidase activity in medium. (1985)

The cytotoxicity of spergualin on cultured L5178Y cells is dependent on the kind of serum contained in culture media. Spergualin has stronger cytotoxicity to L5178Y cells in calf serum (IC50 = 2 micrograms/ml) than in horse serum (IC50 = 60 micrograms/ml). This was thought to be caused by amine oxidase in sera. Because calf serum was rich in amine oxidase and horse serum was very poor. Spergualin was found to be oxidized by either calf serum or amine oxidase purified from beef plasma. Aminoguanidine, an amine oxidase inhibitor suppressed the spergualin effect to inhibit the growth of L5178Y cells in calf serum to the level in horse serum. On the other hand, in horse serum the spergualin cytotoxicity was enhanced by addition of amine oxidase. These results suggested to us that spergualin might be inactive in itself and that the amine oxidase-oxidized product might play an essential role in inhibiting the growth of cells.
Analysis of synthetic peptides using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. (1992)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy (LDI MS), a novel method for analysis of large molecules, has been used for characterization of synthetic peptides and their by-products. The potential of LDI MS is demonstrated by analyzing crude synthetic peptides representing typical members of newly designed peptides and proteins. In the first case, a fragment condensation reaction yielding a highly hydrophobic six-helic bundle template-assembled synthetic protein (TASP) is monitored. Then, a crude 19-mer peptide designed to adopt an amphiphilic alpha-helical structure and its by-products from SPPS are identified. Finally, analysis of crude hirulog-1, a 20-mer peptide designed as a thrombin inhibitor, using C18 reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and LDI MS, manifests the potential of the latter method.