gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sparse connection and pruning in large dynamic artificial neural networks (1997)

This paper presents new methods for training large neural networks for phoneme probability estimation. A combination of the time-delay architecture and the recurrent network architecture is used to capture the important dynamic information of the speech signal. Motivated by the fact that the number of connections in fully connected recurrent networks grows super-linear with the number of hidden units, schemes for sparse connection and connection pruning are explored. It is found that sparsely connected networks outperform their fully connected counterparts with an equal or smaller number of connections. The networks are evaluated in a hybrid HMM/ANN system for phoneme recognition on the TIMIT database. The achieved phoneme error-rate, 28.3%, for the standard 39 phoneme set on the core testset of the TIMIT database is not far from the lowest reported. All training and simulation software used is made freely available by the author, making reproduction of the results feasible.
Numerical Evaluation of 2D and 3D Steady and Unsteady Flows of a Pair of Opposing Confined Impinging Air Jets (2009)

The steady and unsteady laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics for a pair of opposing confined impinging slot jets in 2D and 3D were evaluated numerically at two Reynolds numbers. The present study continues the authors’ earlier work [1] and identifies the main similarities and differences arising from the expansion to the third dimension. At lower Reynolds number jet (Re = 300), the flow interaction produces a symmetric, steady flow hydrodynamic pattern with the jets being deflected laterally for the 2D flow. At Re = 300, the 3D slot jet produces almost the same values as the 2D case, yet the flow is slightly asymmetrical and unsteady. However, by further increasing the Reynolds number to 750, a complex and highly unsteady flow develops for both 2D and 3D simulations. The symmetry of both the 2D and 3D flows is disrupted and the resulting complex flow patterns reveal the vortex pairing effects, leading to the jet “buckling and sweeping” motion, enabling the enhanced local heat transfer. The convective heat transfer coefficients and the unsteady flow development between the jets are thoroughly investigated, with the flow unsteadiness also characterized by analyzing the stagnation point displacement on the channel walls. The comparison between the 2D and 3D flow patterns indicate that the 3D opposite jets enhance the unsteady effects compared to the 2D unsteady opposite jets. The complex vortex patterns resulting from the unsteady jets interaction, as well as the velocity, vorticity and temperature fields for both 2D and 3D cases are thoroughly evaluated. The comparison between the 2D and 3D impinging air jets is documented and the impact on chip/microelectronics cooling is highlighted.
The Influence of Differential Privacy on Short Term Electric Load\n Forecasting (2018)

There has been a large number of contributions on privacy-preserving smart\nmetering with Differential Privacy, addressing questions from actual\nenforcement at the smart meter to billing at the energy provider. However,\nexploitation is mostly limited to application of cryptographic security means\nbetween smart meters and energy providers. We illustrate along the use case of\nprivacy preserving load forecasting that Differential Privacy is indeed a\nvaluable addition that unlocks novel information flows for optimization. We\nshow that (i) there are large differences in utility along three selected\nforecasting methods, (ii) energy providers can enjoy good utility especially\nunder the linear regression benchmark model, and (iii) households can\nparticipate in privacy preserving load forecasting with an individual\nre-identification risk &lt; 60%, only 10% over random guessing.\n
Depth from optical turbulence (2012)

Turbulence near hot surfaces such as desert terrains and roads during the summer, causes shimmering, distortion and blurring in images. While recent works have focused on image restoration, this paper explores what information about the scene can be extracted from the distortion caused by turbulence. Based on the physical model of wave propagation, we first study the relationship between the scene depth and the amount of distortion caused by homogenous turbulence. We then extend this relationship to more practical scenarios such as finite extent and height-varying turbulence, and present simple algorithms to estimate depth ordering, depth discontinuity and relative depth, from a sequence of short exposure images. In the case of general non-homogenous turbulence, we show that a statistical property of turbulence can be used to improve long-range structure-from-motion (or stereo). We demonstrate the accuracy of our methods in both laboratory and outdoor settings and conclude that turbulence (when present) can be a strong and useful depth cue.
High-resolution differential phase contrast imaging using a magnifying projection geometry with a microfocus x-ray source (2007)

Differential x-ray phase contrast imaging using a grating interferometer was combined with a magnifying cone beam geometry using a conventional microfocus x-ray tube. This brings the advantages of a magnifying cone beam setup, namely, a high spatial resolution in the micron range and the possibility of using an efficient, low resolution detector, into differential phase contrast imaging. The authors present methodical investigations which show how the primary measurement signal depends on the magnification factor. As an illustration of the potential of this quantitative imaging technique, a high-resolution x-ray phase contrast tomography of an insect is presented.
Neural Basis of Superior Performance of Action Videogame Players in an Attention-Demanding Task (2011)

Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) were recorded from action videogame players (VGPs) and from non-videogame players (NVGPs) during an attention-demanding task. Participants were presented with a multi-stimulus display consisting of rapid sequences of alphanumeric stimuli presented at rates of 8.6/12 Hz in the left/right peripheral visual fields, along with a central square at fixation flashing at 5.5 Hz and a letter sequence flashing at 15 Hz at an upper central location. Subjects were cued to attend to one of the peripheral or central stimulus sequences and detect occasional targets. Consistent with previous behavioral studies, VGPs detected targets with greater speed and accuracy than NVGPs. This behavioral advantage was associated with an increased suppression of SSVEP amplitudes to unattended peripheral sequences in VGPs relative to NVGPs, whereas the magnitude of the attended SSVEPs was equivalent in the two groups. Group differences were also observed in the event-related potentials to targets in the alphanumeric sequences, with the target-elicited P300 component being of larger amplitude in VGPS than NVGPs. These electrophysiological findings suggest that the superior target detection capabilities of the VGPs are attributable, at least in part, to enhanced suppression of distracting irrelevant information and more effective perceptual decision processes.
Dynamic Scaling of One-Seventh Size F-15 Prototypes for Agile Flight Simulation. (1995)

Abstract : Data from F-15 prototypes, properly dynamically scaled, were delivered to AL/CFBS by Captain Dan Baumann of WL/FIM as a result of the Window on Science Program. The prototypes were run in Israel at the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology by Dr. Ben Gal-Or of the Aeronautical Department. Over 20 runs of data were delivered and they included the Herbst's maneuver, the Cobra maneuver and a host of other agility motion profiles. The moments of inertia that were used to produce the scaling factors included such conditions as the plane having specific levels of bomb loads, as well as three fuel/conditions; low fuel, half fuel, and fully loaded fuel. These motion data delivered to AL/CFBS will be used to emulate supermaneuvers on the DES centrifuge motion simulator.
REDUCED RISK OF REVISION FOR INFECTION WHEN A CERAMIC BEARING SURFACE IS USED (2016)

Introduction Infection remains a serious complication following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Many factors including primary diagnosis, comorbidities and duration of procedure are known to influence the rate of infection. Although the association between patient and surgical factors is increasingly well understood, little is known about the role of the prosthesis. This analysis from the Australian Registry (AOANJRR) was undertaken to determine if revision for infection varied depending on the type of bearing surface used. Methods Three different bearing surfaces, ceramic on ceramic (CoC), ceramic on cross-linked polyethylene (CoXP) and metal on cross-linked polyethylene (MoXP) were compared. The study population included all primary THA undertaken for OA using these bearing surfaces and reported to the AOANJRR between 1999 and 2013. Kaplan-Meier survivorship curves were compiled with revision for infection as the end point. Hazard Ratios (HR) from Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare revision rates. Sub analysis examining the effect of age, gender, fixation of the femoral stem and femoral head size. To ensure there was no confounding due to differences in femoral and acetabular component selection a further analysis was undertaken which compared the three different bearings with the same stem and acetabular component combinations. Results During the study period there were 177,237 primary THA9s reported to the registry that met the inclusion criteria (57,839 CoC, 24,269 CoXP and 95129 MoXP). When all procedures were included Both MoXP and CoXP had a higher revision rate for infection compared to CoC (HR 1.46 (1.25, 1.72) p There was an age variation with the lower revision rate for infection rate being evident in patient9s age 70 years or younger but not older patients. Both men and women had a lower revision rate when CoC was used. The difference was evident when a cementless femoral stem was used but not when the stem was cemented. The difference was also evident for most head sizes with the exception of 28 mm heads. CoC also had a lower revision rate for infection when the same femoral stem and acetabular component combinations were compared. Conclusion Patients aged 70 years or less have a lower revision rate for infection when a CoC bearing is used compared to both CoXP and MoXP. This difference was independent of gender, and femoral and acetabular prostheses selection. No difference was evident if the femoral component was cemented or a head size of 28 mm was used.
20 Gb/s all-optical XOR with UNI gate (2000)

All-optical Boolean XOR is demonstrated on a 20 Gb/s pseudodata pattern using a semiconductor optical amplifier-based ultrafast nonlinear interferometer (UNI) switch. Bit pattern switching with low-pattern dependence and low switching energies is achieved.
Scanning tunneling microscopy study of epitaxial silicide thin films (1993)

We discuss the atomic surface structure of epitaxial silicide films as studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). A strain-induced (2 × 1) reconstruction of the Si-rich CoSi2/Si(111) surface is shown to be closely related to the Si(111)-(2 × 1) reconstruction. Direct evidence for strain relaxation can be obtained by imaging buried misfit dislocations by STM. The √2 × √2 R 45° reconstruction on Co-rich CoSi2/Si(100) is compared with a similar reconstruction on the Si-rich surface and a model is developed for the former. Finally, STM evidence for a subsurface disorder-order transition in (2 × 2) reconstructed Fe1−xSi films is given which are stabilized by epitaxy on Si(111).
The pasting behaviour and freeze–thaw stability of native starch and native starch–xanthan gum pastes (2004)

Abstract The pasting properties, gelatinization profiles and freeze–thaw stability of natural waxy maize starches, pasted in the presence of xanthan gum (XG) and resistant starch, were evaluated using a Rapid Visco Analyser, together with turbidimetric analysis. Freeze–thaw stability was determined for four cycles over a 4 weeks period. The final viscosity of the pastes was unaffected by the addition of resistant starch (RS) whereas XG additions increased final viscosity. Addition of mixtures of combinations of XG and RS increased the peak viscosity of the starch pastes. Freeze–thaw stability (as estimated by the final viscosity of the pastes during a series of four freeze–thaw cycles) was improved with the addition of XG.
Chromosomal abnormality rate in human pre-embryos derived from in vitro fertilization cycles cultured in the presence of Follicular-Fluid Meiosis Activating Sterol (FF-MAS) (2004)

FF-MAS increased the rate of aneuploidy and had detrimental effects on cleavage and pre-embryo development, when exposed both before and after fertilization.
Observation of a nanocrystalline-to-amorphous phase transition in luminescent porous silicon (1995)

Nanocrystalline silicon aggregates imbedded in a predominantly amorphous silicon layer have been observed in anodically etched p-Si(100) by using valence band x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and lattice imaged high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). XTEM has identified the as-prepared porous silicon to be a mixed phase of amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon, with the nanocrystalline aggregates being randomly dispersed throughout the full thickness of a 1 μm thick amorphous layer and exhibiting a size distribution from 2 to 5 nm in diameter. The abundance of the nanocrystalline aggregates seems to decrease as the anodic etching proceeds and as the sample is irradiated by x rays at room temperature in ultrahigh vacuum. Valence band photoelectron measurements show evidence for a crystalline-to-amorphous phase transition induced by x radiation which may, in part, be activated by photoelectron stimulated hydrogen desorption. The x-ray irradiated samples also exhibit a significant reduction in photoluminescence yield, possibly caused by a reduction in the density of nanocrystallites. The observed mixed phase porous silicon and the metastability of the nanocrystallites help to explain apparent contradictory descriptions of the nature of porous silicon.
Determination of Multiple Torsion-Angle Constraints in U−13C,15N-Labeled Peptides:  3D 1H−15N−13C−1H Dipolar Chemical Shift NMR Spectroscopy in Rotating Solids (2002)

We demonstrate constraint of peptide backbone and side-chain conformation with 3D (1)H-(15)N-(13)C-(1)H dipolar chemical shift, magic-angle spinning NMR experiments. In these experiments, polarization is transferred from (15)N[i] by ramped SPECIFIC cross polarization to the (13)C(alpha)[i], (13)C(beta)[i], and (13)C(alpha)[i - 1] resonances and evolves coherently under the correlated (1)H-(15)N and (1)H-(13)C dipolar couplings. The resulting set of frequency-labeled (15)N(1)H-(13)C(1)H dipolar spectra depend strongly upon the molecular torsion angles phi[i], chi1[i], and psi[i - 1]. To interpret the data with high precision, we considered the effects of weakly coupled protons and differential relaxation of proton coherences via an average Liouvillian theory formalism for multispin clusters and employed average Hamiltonian theory to describe the transfer of (15)N polarization to three coupled (13)C spins ((13)C(alpha)[i], (13)C(beta)[i], and (13)C(alpha)[i - 1]). Degeneracies in the conformational solution space were minimized by combining data from multiple (15)N(1)H-(13)C(1)H line shapes and analogous data from other 3D (1)H-(13)C(alpha)-(13)C(beta)-(1)H (chi1), (15)N-(13)C(alpha)-(13)C'-(15)N (psi), and (1)H-(15)N[i]-(15)N[i + 1]-(1)H (phi, psi) experiments. The method is demonstrated here with studies of the uniformly (13)C,(15)N-labeled solid tripeptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-OH, where the combined data constrains a total of eight torsion angles (three phi, three chi1, and two psi): phi(Met) = -146 degrees, psi(Met) = 159 degrees, chi1(Met) = -85 degrees, phi(Leu) = -90 degrees, psi(Leu) = -40 degrees, chi1(Leu) = -59 degrees, phi(Phe) = -166 degrees, and chi1(Phe) = 56 degrees. The high sensitivity and dynamic range of the 3D experiments and the data analysis methods provided here will permit immediate application to larger peptides and proteins when sufficient resolution is available in the (15)N-(13)C chemical shift correlation spectra.
Supplementary table from A Novel Compound ARN-3236 Inhibits Salt-Inducible Kinase 2 and Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines and Xenografts to Paclitaxel (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1&lt;/p&gt;
Don’t Copy the Teacher: Data and Model Challenges in Embodied Dialogue (2022)

Embodied dialogue instruction following requires an agent to complete a complex sequence of tasks from a natural language exchange. The recent introduction of benchmarks raises the question of how best to train and evaluate models for this multi-turn, multi-agent, long-horizon task. This paper contributes to that conversation, by arguing that imitation learning (IL) and related low-level metrics are actually misleading and do not align with the goals of embodied dialogue research and may hinder progress.We provide empirical comparisons of metrics, analysis of three models, and make suggestions for how the field might best progress. First, we observe that models trained with IL take spurious actions during evaluation. Second, we find that existing models fail to ground query utterances, which are essential for task completion. Third, we argue evaluation should focus on higher-level semantic goals. We will release code to additionally filter the data and benchmark models for improved evaluation.
Maximizing performance and power density in PFC by using SMD packages with top-side cooling (2022)

This paper analyzes the efficiency of silicon MOSFETs in SMD packages with top-side cooling compared to bottom-side cooling packages in terms of thermal performance, lowering both thermal resistance and operating temperatures and improving switching performance due to the Kelvin pin. It will show how reducing the junction temperature helps to boost power efficiency due to a smoother variation of the main silicon MOSFET parameters due to temperature changes such as R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS(on)</inf> and V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GSth</inf> level as well as reduces total conduction and switching losses.
Polypeptides having xylanase activity and polynucleotides encoding same (2023)

The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having xylanase activity and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.
EUROCMOSHF: demonstration of a fully European supply chain for space image sensors (2017)

Europe has currently no full supply chain of CMOS image sensors (CIS) for space use, certainly not in terms of image sensor manufacturing. Although a few commercial foundries in Europe manufacture CMOS image sensors for consumer and automotive applications, they are typically not interested in adapting their process flow to meet high-end performance specifications, mainly because the expected manufacturing volume for space imagers is extremely low.
KPT-8602, a second-generation inhibitor of XPO1-mediated nuclear export, is well tolerated and highly active against AML blasts and leukemia-initiating cells (2016)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal hematologic malignant disease of developing myeloid cells that have acquired aberrant survival, uncontrolled proliferation and a block in normal hematopoietic cell differentiation. Standard chemotherapy often induces remissions in AML patients, but the disease frequently relapses due to incomplete targeting of leukemia-initiating cells (LICs), emphasizing the need for novel effective treatments. Exportin 1 (XPO1)-mediated nuclear export, which is inhibited by the drug selinexor, is an attractive new therapeutic target in AML. Selinexor has shown impressive activity in Phase I/II clinical trials for AML. Here we report the anti-leukemic efficacy and tolerability of KPT-8602, a second-generation XPO1 inhibitor. KPT-8602 demonstrates substantially reduced brain penetration compared to selinexor, with resultant attenuation of the central nervous system mediated side effects of anorexia and weight loss. Due to its improved tolerability profile, KPT-8602 can be given daily compared to the two or three times weekly regimen of selinexor, and exhibits greater anti-leukemic efficacy against both leukemic blasts and LICs in AML patient-derived xenograft models. Importantly, normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) frequency is not significantly reduced by KPT-8602, providing a therapeutic window for elimination of relapse-driving LICs while sparing normal HSPCs. These findings strongly endorse clinical testing of KPT-8602 in patients with relapsed and refractory AML.
Engineering of a sugar-derivatized porous network for hepatocyte culture (1996)

Many tissue engineering applications require a scaffold or template conducive to cell attachment and maintenance of functions. It may also be advantageous in some cases for these scaffolds to have a controlled porous architecture to facilitate cellular or tissue ingrowth. In this study, we have engineered a porous carbohydrate-derivatized substrate for hepatocyte culture. Polystyrene foams, with pore sizes up to 100 microns, fabricated by phase separation from a homogeneous naphthalene solution, were derivatized with lactose and heparin, both of which are known to promote rat hepatocyte attachment and maintenance of its differentiated functions. Rat hepatocytes cultured on these derivatized foams exhibited a rounded cellular morphology with many microvilli evident on the surface of the cells. The hepatocytes showed an increase in albumin secretion for the first 3 days of culture in a defined, serum-free medium, and dropped back to initial levels by the end of 7 days. The production of cytochrome P450-dependent hydroxytestosterone metabolites were also measured. Two testosterone metabolites were maintained and five others were present but decreased over a culture period of 1 week. These carbohydrate-derivatized porous substrates may be useful for large-scale culture of hepatocytes, toxicology screening and for use in a liver assist device.
Complexation of steroid hormones: prednisolone, ethinyloestradiol and estriol with β-cyclodextrin. An aqueous 1H NMR study (2002)

The inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with prednisolone 1, ethinyloestradiol 2 and estriol 3 in aqueous solution were investigated using 1H NMR and molecular modelling. The NMR spectra of the steroids studied in the presence of β-CD are fully assigned and interpreted by means of 2D GCOSY and NOESY spectra. The parallel interpretation of β-CD chemical shift changes and dipolar contacts allows the mode of binding to be established. On the basis of ROESY data, the “low resolution” β-cyclodextrin complexes of 1, 2 and 3 have been determined by multistep restrained molecular dynamics calculations. Calculated structures of β-cyclodextrin complexes with 1, 2 and 3 fully agree with experimental data. Combined approaches allow the distinction of weak nonspecific binding for 1 as compared to stronger, “through cavity”, inclusion established for 2 and 3.