gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lithiation-Induced Non-Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Li–O2 Batteries (2018)

Low-cost and highly active electrocatalysts are attractive for Li-O<sub>2</sub> applications. Herein, a 3D interconnected plate architecture consisting of ultrasmall Co-Ni grains embedded in lithium hydroxide nanoplates (Co<sub>2</sub>Ni@LiOH) is designed and prepared by a lithiation strategy at room temperature. This catalyst exhibits a remarkably reduced charge potential of ∼3.4 V at 50 μA cm<sup>-2</sup>, which leads to the high roundtrip efficiency of ∼79%, among the best levels reported and a cycle life of up to 40 cycles. The well-aligned network facilitates the oxygen diffusion and the electrolyte penetration into the electrode. The enhanced electrical conductivity network improves the charge transport kinetics and more active sites are exposed, which facilitate the adsorption and dissociation of oxygen during the oxygen reduction reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction. This new catalyst design inspires the development of an effective non-noble metal catalyst for Li-O<sub>2</sub> batteries.
Utility Transformer Health Monitoring using a Single Chip Impedance Analyzer (2019)

Dissolved gas analysis and oil sample analysis have been established as effective ways of determining the transformer oil health. In this paper, we present a new approach to diagnose the oil condition towards utility transformer health monitoring based on using the AD5933 single chip impedance analyzer from Analog Devices. We propose an integrated smart infrastructure monitoring with the results from the impedance analyzer transmitted, logged, and processed via a cloud computing interface. The transformer oils are characterized and monitored by analyzing their impedance values over a range of frequencies from 1 kHz to 100 kHz.
Reliability and scalability of FinFET split-gate MONOS array with tight Vth distribution for 16/14nm-node embedded flash (2017)

Reliability and scalability of split-gate metal-oxide nitride oxide silicon (SG-MONOS) are discussed for 16/14nm-node embedded Flash in FinFET-era. FinFET SG-MONOS array is successfully operated with wide enough program/erase window. The Vth distribution of FinFET SG-MONOS array is kept tighter than planar even after retention. It is also demonstrated that Fin structure enables scaling of the control gate and the memory gate, which leads to the improvement of retention characteristics due to reduction of the mismatch of trapped carrier distribution during program/erase operation.
Structure-induced optoelectronic properties of phenothiazine-based materials (2020)

Phenothiazine (PTZ)-based materials have recently received considerable interest owing to their intriguing optoelectronic properties, low-cost, versatility of functionalization, and commercial availability.
EXPRIMENTAL STUDY ON STAGNATION HAVING INFLUENCE ON CHLORIDE ION PENETRATION IN CONCRETE (2015)

近年の護岸構造物の調査から、Fickの拡散則では説明出来ない塩分浸透の停滞現象が報告されている。停滞現象を正確に把握出来れば耐久性照査設計において大幅な合理化が期待できる一方、現在停滞現象の原因に関する研究事例は少ない。本研究では養生条件や混和材を変えた複数のコンクリート供試体に対して、塩水浸せき試験の他、コンクリートの空隙径分布、水分量の測定により、停滞現象の支配的な要因の検討を行った。実験の結果、塩分浸透の停滞にはコンクリートの空隙構造の他、含水状態が重要であることを示した。
Isolation and partial characterization of concanavalin A receptors on cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (1984)

A small set of concanavalin A (Con A)-binding glycoproteins was isolated from the surface membrane of cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and partly identified using monoclonal antibodies. The binding of Con A by these glycoproteins on the CTL surface results in the secretion of gamma-interferon and in blocking the effector functions of the cells-namely, antigen-specific and lectin-dependent cytotoxicity. The Con A is evidently bound tightly to some surface structures ("Con A-receptors") that are required for the activation and cytotoxic activity of CTL. To isolate and identify these receptors, antibodies to Con A were used. After Con A was allowed to bind to radiolabeled cloned CTL (labeled with 125I or [35S]methionine or 3H-labeled amino acids), the cells were washed thoroughly, lysed in detergents and anti-Con A antibodies were added to bind to the Con A-receptor complexes. The resulting aggregates were adsorbed with protein A-bearing Staphylococci and the receptors were then specifically released from the pelleted bacteria by alpha-methyl-D-mannoside and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. Eight to nine labeled components were seen by autoradiography and with the aid of monoclonal antibodies to known T-cell surface molecules, four were identified as T200, lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1, alpha- and beta-chains, and (on some clones) Lyt-2. Other components with Mr congruent to 160,000, 120,000, 46,000, 42,000, and 23,000 have not been identified. The procedures described here may have general application in the studies of the functional properties of other cell surface molecules.
Model Selection Management Systems (2016)

John Boyd recognized in the 1960's the importance of situation awareness for military operations and introduced the notion of the OODA loop (Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act). Today we realize that many applications have to deal with situation awareness: Customer Relationship Management, Human Capital Management, Supply Chain Management, patient care, power grid management, and cloud services management, as well as any IoT (Internet of Things) related application; the list seems to be endless. Situation awareness requires applications to support the management of data, knowledge, processes, and other services such as social networking in an integrated way. These applications additionally require high personalization as well as rapid and continuous evolution. They must provide a wide variety of operational and functional requirements, including real time processing. Handcrafting these applications is an almost impossible task requiring exhaustive resources for development and maintenance. Due to the resources and time involved in their development, these applications typically fall way short of the desired functionality, operational characteristics, and ease and speed of evolution. We - the authors - have developed a model enabling the development and maintenance of situation-aware applications in a declarative and therefore economical manner; we call this model KIDS - Knowledge Intensive Data-processing System.
CZT smart dicing strategy for cost reduction using defect imaging and random-access machining (2010)

Current spectroscopic detector crystals contain defects that prevent economic production of devices with sufficient energy resolution and stopping power for radioisotope discrimination. This is especially acute for large monolithic crystals due to increased defect opportunity. The proposed approach to cost reduction starts by combining stereoscopic IR and ultrasound (UT) inspection coupled with segmentation and 3D mapping algorithms. A "smart dicing" system uses "random-access" laser-based machining to obtain tiles free of major defects. Application specific grading matches defect type to anticipated performance. Small pieces combined in a modular sensor pack instead of a monolith will make the most efficient use of wafer area.
Virus Isolates during Acute and Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Show Distinct Patterns of Sensitivity to Entry Inhibitors (2005)

We studied the effect of entry inhibitors on 58 virus isolates derived during acute and chronic infection to validate these inhibitors in vitro and to probe whether viruses at early and chronic disease stages exhibit general differences in the interaction with entry receptors. We included members of all types of inhibitors currently identified: (i) agents that block gp120 binding to CD4 (CD4-IgG2 and monoclonal antibody [MAb] IgG1b12), (ii) compounds that block the interaction with CCR5 (the chemokine RANTES/CCL5, the small-molecule inhibitor AD101, and the anti-CCR5 antibody PRO 140), (iii) the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide (T-20), and (iv) neutralizing antibodies directed against gp120 (MAb 2G12) and gp41 (MAbs 2F5 and 4E10). No differences between viruses from acute and chronic infections in the susceptibility to inhibitors targeting the CD4 binding site, CCR5, or fusion or to MAb 2G12 were apparent, rendering treatment with entry inhibitors feasible across disease stages. The notable exceptions were antibodies 2F5 and 4E10, which were more potent in inhibiting viruses from acute infection (P = 0.0088 and 0.0005, respectively), although epitopes of these MAbs were equally well preserved in both groups. Activities of these MAbs correlated significantly with each other, suggesting that common features of the viral envelope modulate their potencies.
Towards using prosody in speech recognition/understanding systems (1992)

A persistent problem for keyword-driven speech recognition systems is that users often embed the to-be-recognized words or phrases in longer utterances. The recognizer needs to locate the relevant sections of the speech signal and ignore extraneous words. Prosody might provide an extra source of information to help locate target words embedded in other speech. In this paper we examine some prosodic characteristics of 160 such utterances and compare matched read and spontaneous versions. Half of the utterances are from a corpus of spontaneous answers to requests for the name of a city, recorded from calls to Directory Assistance Operators. The other half are the same word strings read by volunteers attempting to model the real dialogue. Results show a consistent pattern across both sets of data: embedded city names almost always bear nuclear pitch accents and are in their own intonational phrases. However the distributions of tonal make-up of these prosodic features differ markedly in read versus spontaneous speech, implying that if algorithms that exploit these prosodic regularities are trained on read speech, then the probabilities are likely to be incorrect models of real user speech.
Multiple Reassortment between Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Endemic Influenza Viruses in Pigs, United States (2011)

As a result of human-to-pig transmission, pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus was detected in pigs soon after it emerged in humans. In the United States, this transmission was quickly followed by multiple reassortment between the pandemic virus and endemic swine viruses. Nine reassortant viruses representing 7 genotypes were detected in commercial pig farms in the United States. Field observations suggested that the newly described reassortant viruses did not differ substantially from pandemic (H1N1) 2009 or endemic strains in their ability to cause disease. Comparable growth properties of reassortant and endemic viruses in vitro supported these observations; similarly, a representative reassortant virus replicated in ferrets to the same extent as did pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and endemic swine virus. These novel reassortant viruses highlight the increasing complexity of influenza viruses within pig populations and the frequency at which viral diversification occurs in this ecologically important viral reservoir.
Multiple description lattice vector quantization (1999)

We consider the problem of designing a lattice-based multiple description vector quantizer for a two-channel diversity system. The design of such a quantizer can be reduced to the problem of assigning pair labels to points of a vector quantizer codebook. A general labeling procedure based on the structure of the lattice is presented, along with detailed results for the hexagonal lattice: algorithms, asymptotic performance, and numerical simulations. Asymptotically, when compared with the lattice Z, the resulting quantizer achieves the standard second-moment gain of the hexagonal lattice for the central distortion, and, surprisingly, achieves the two-dimensional sphere gain for the side distortion.
Ivabradine, Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease (2015)

The incidence and prevalence of congestive heart failure are actually increasing worldwide, especially in Western countries. In Europe and the United States, congestive heart failure represents a disabling clinical disease, accountable for increased hospitalization and health care costs. European guidelines have underlined the importance of pharmacological treatment to improve both patients' outcomes and quality of life. The latest clinical trials to evaluate ivabradine's efficacy have underlined its usefulness as a stand-alone medication and in combination with conventional congestive heart failure therapy, including in chronic kidney disease patients.
Polar effects in free-radical reactions. Solvent and isotope effects and effects of base catalysis on the regio- and chemoselectivity of the substitution of protonated heteroaromatic bases by nucleophilic carbon-centered radicals (1987)

The substitutions of protonated pyridine, quinaldine, lepidine, and 3-cyano- and 4-cyanopyridine by Ph, Me, n-Pr, n-Bu, i-Pr, ţ-Bu, a-tetrahydrofuranyl (a-THF), dioxanyl, and benzyl radicals are affected by the nature of the solvent as concerns the regioselectivity and the relative rates. The isotope effect is negligible with the phenyl radical, but it is significant and solvent-dependent with isopropyl and a-THF radicals. The effect of the solvent increases by increasing the nucleophilic character of the carbon-centered radicals. The results support a strong influence of the reversibility and of the polar effect on the substitutions of protonated heteroaromatic bases by nucleophilic carbon-centered radicals.
Study of metal nanoparticles stabilised by mixed ligand shell: a striking blue shift of the surface-plasmon band evidencing the formation of Janus nanoparticles (2007)

Mixed ligand shells stabilising gold nanoparticles have been synthesised using diphenylphosphinine 1 (phosphinine is the phosphorus equivalent of pyridine) and a family of thiol ligands: mercaptoundecanoic acid (2), dodecanethiol (3) and thiophenol (4). Phosphinine 1 and thiols 2 and 3 feature little affinity to one another, so we expected them to self-segregate in pure domains. We studied the resulting particles with UV-vis, FT-IR and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). The plasmonic band of those particles features an unprecedented blue shift compared to the pure ligand-shell nanoparticles, strongly suggesting a polarisation of the particle caused by ligand segregation. FT-IR evidences the formation of nano domains of ligands in pure phase, and some self-aggregation behaviour of the nanoparticles themselves was observed by TEM.
Precision and Bias of Imageless Computer Navigation and Surgeon Estimates for Acetabular Component Position (2007)

Computer navigation has the potential to permit accurate placement of components. We first hypothesized acetabular inclination and anteversion using navigation would be within 5 degrees of postoperative computed tomography scans, then secondly, computer precision would be better than that of surgeons. In the first phase, we obtained postoperative CT scans in 30 hips to ascertain the computer navigation values for inclination and anteversion of the cup. In the second phase, in 99 patients with 101 hips, we determined the surgeon's precision by comparing surgeons' blind estimates for trial cup position with computer navigation values. The navigation precision for inclination was 4.4 degrees with a bias of 0.03 degrees and for anteversion was 4.1 degrees with a bias of 0.73 degrees. The experienced surgeons' precision was 11.5 degrees for inclination and 12.3 degrees for anteversion, whereas the less experienced surgeons' precision was 13.1 degrees for inclination and 13.9 degrees for anteversion. The data supported the first hypothesis as computer navigation had a bias for inclination and anteversion of less than 1 degrees with precision less than 5 degrees. The precision of computer navigation was better than that of surgeons. This imageless computer navigation system allows more accurate acetabular component placement.
Energy Efficiency Optimization in MIMO Interference Channels: A Successive Pseudoconvex Approximation Approach (2019)

In this paper, we consider the (global and sum) energy efficiency optimization problem in downlink multi-input multi-output multi-cell systems, where all users suffer from multi-user interference. This is a challenging problem due to several reasons: First, it is a nonconvex fractional programming problem; second, the transmission rate functions are characterized by (complex-valued) transmit covariance matrices; and third the processing-related power consumption may depend on the transmission rate. We tackle this problem by the successive pseudoconvex approximation approach, and we argue that pseudoconvex optimization plays a fundamental role in designing novel iterative algorithms, not only because every locally optimal point of a pseudoconvex optimization problem is also globally optimal but also because a descent direction is easily obtained from every optimal point of a pseudoconvex optimization problem. The proposed algorithms have the following advantages: First, fast convergence as the structure of the original optimization problem is preserved as much as possible in the approximate problem solved in each iteration; second, easy implementation as each approximate problem is suitable for parallel computation and its solution has a closed-form expression; and third, guaranteed convergence to a stationary point or a Karush–Kuhn–Tucker point. The advantages of the proposed algorithm are also illustrated numerically.
Using Radio Network Feedback to Improve TCP Performance over Cellular Networks (2006)

A new control structure is proposed to improve user experience of wireless Internet. Information on radio bandwidth and queue length available in the radio network controller (RNC), close to the base station, is used in a proxy that resides between the Internet and the cellular system. The control algorithm in the proxy sets the window size according to event-triggered information on radio bandwidth changes and time-triggered information on the queue length of the RNC. A stability analysis of the hybrid control system is performed. In a number of realistic use cases evaluated in ns-2, the new control structure is compared to a nominal one that employs end-to-end TCP Reno. It is shown that the proposed solution reduces the time to serve users, increases the radio link utilization, and decreases the required buffer size in the RNC.
Triple-Memory Networks: A Brain-Inspired Method for Continual Learning (2021)

Continual acquisition of novel experience without interfering with previously learned knowledge, i.e., continual learning, is critical for artificial neural networks, while limited by catastrophic forgetting. A neural network adjusts its parameters when learning a new task but then fails to conduct the old tasks well. By contrast, the biological brain can effectively address catastrophic forgetting through consolidating memories as more specific or more generalized forms to complement each other, which is achieved in the interplay of the hippocampus and neocortex, mediated by the prefrontal cortex. Inspired by such a brain strategy, we propose a novel approach named triple-memory networks (TMNs) for continual learning. TMNs model the interplay of the three brain regions as a triple-network architecture of generative adversarial networks (GANs). The input information is encoded as specific representations of data distributions in a generator, or generalized knowledge of solving tasks in a discriminator and a classifier, with implementing appropriate brain-inspired algorithms to alleviate catastrophic forgetting in each module. Particularly, the generator replays generated data of the learned tasks to the discriminator and the classifier, both of which are implemented with a weight consolidation regularizer to complement the lost information in the generation process. TMNs achieve the state-of-the-art performance of generative memory replay on a variety of class-incremental learning benchmarks on MNIST, SVHN, CIFAR-10, and ImageNet-50.
3‐Amino‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrazoles: A New Class of CDK2 Inhibitors. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Detection of protease activity by FRET using porous silicon as an energy acceptor (2009)

Abstract This work demonstrates a method for detection of protease activity using porous Si as the energy acceptor in a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) assay. A fluorescent dye (fluorescein) is trapped in a porous Si matrix, where its fluorescence is quenched. The dye is trapped using a protein (zein), and the action of proteases (Pronase E) release the dye from the quenching matrix. A strong fluorescence signal appears within 30 min of Pronase E addition. A control with no Pronase E shows little fluorescence, and a control using heat‐denatured Pronase E shows approximately 50% of the fluorescence of the active protease. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Long-term agonist exposure induces upregulation of beta 3-adrenergic receptor expression via multiple cAMP response elements. (1992)

During continuous stimulation by agonist, beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors (ARs) undergo processes that lead to decreases in receptor expression. This receptor down-regulation serves to limit the cellular cAMP response during chronic agonist exposure. In the recently described third subtype of the beta AR, denoted beta 3AR, we found four potential cAMP response elements in the 5' flanking region, suggesting that expression of this receptor might be positively regulated by agonists. These elements were cloned into the vector pA10CAT2, which contains a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene, and transiently expressed in VERO cells. Three of these elements, TGACTCCA, TGAGGTCT, and CGAGGTCA (located 518, 622, and 1125 bases upstream of the beta 3AR coding block, respectively) were found to increase transcription of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in response to cAMP analogues and agents that increase intracellular cAMP. 3T3-F442A cells, when differentiated into the adipocyte phenotype by insulin, expressed beta 3AR, and nuclear runoff studies from such cells confirmed cAMP enhancement of beta 3AR mRNA transcription. In these cells, beta 3AR mRNA increased in response to exposure to the beta 3AR agonist isoproterenol and remained elevated during exposures of up to 24-30 hr. During prolonged exposure to agonist, no downregulation of beta 3AR expression in 3T3-F442A cells occurred. Indeed, beta 3AR expression increased during agonist exposure to approximately 165% of basal expression. In marked contrast, beta 1AR expression declined by approximately 70% in response to chronic agonist exposure. These studies reveal a subtype-specific prolonged transcriptional regulation of a beta AR gene by the end product of its signal transduction pathway. Thus, the beta 3AR undergoes a paradoxical increase in receptor expression during chronic agonist exposure.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective and Controlled Hydrolysis of Chloropeptin I. HIV‐1 Integrase Activity of Fragments. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.