gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erratum to: Reconstructive management of the rare bilateral oral submucos fibrosisusing nasolabial flap in comparison with free radial forearm flap - a randomisedprospective trial (2013)

Abstract Background Oral sub mucous fibrosis is a rare chronic, progressive, pre malignant collagendisorder of oral mucosa in people of Asian descent characterized by trismus,blanching and stiffness of mucosa, burning sensation in mouth and hypomobility ofsoft palate and tongue with loss of gustatory sensation. Betel nut chewing is themost common etiological agent. Surgery remains the main stay in severe cases andaims at release of fibrotic bands and resurfacing the raw areas with differentoptions. Reconstruction can be done by using nasolabial flap or radial freeforearm flap. The purpose of this study was to compare the mouth opening after thereconstruction with either nasolabial flap or radial free forearm flap. Methods This study was carried out on fifty (50) patients with oral sub mucous fibrosis.Twenty five (25) of these were reconstructed by nasolabial flap and twenty five(25) were reconstructed by radial free forearm flap. At different intervals oftheir post-operative visits, they were evaluated for the interincisal distance andthe difference between the two groups was assessed. Results Average increase in interincisal distance was greater in patients reconstructedwith radial free forearm flap compared with patient reconstructed by nasolabialflap i.e. 18.96 mm and 15.16 mm respectively with ‘P’ value &gt;0.05. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, there was no significant difference in mouthopening after reconstruction with radial forearm free flap compared to nasolabialflap.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthesis of Fluoroacetate and 4‐Fluorothreonine in Streptomyces cattleya. Incorporation of Oxygen‐18 from [2‐2H,2‐18O]‐Glycerol and the Role of Serine Metabolites in Fluoroacetaldehyde Biosynthesis. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Novel modulation schemes minimizing the switching losses of sparse matrix converters (2004)

The switching losses of a three-phase sparse matrix converter (SMC) operating in the lower modulation range are minimized by employing the lowest and the second largest input line-to-line voltage for the formation of the converter DC link voltage. The resulting current stresses on the power semiconductors and the switching frequency ripple RMS values of the filter capacitor voltages and output currents are calculated by digital simulation and compared to conventional modulation. Finally, a modulation scheme is introduced which allows the generation of reactive input power also for missing active power transfer via the DC link and/or purely reactive load. This is a basic requirement for operating the SMC in boost mode where the output filter capacitor voltages have to be controlled sinusoidally also for no-load operation.
Application of SGFM technology to alternate feedstocks. Phase III. Final report, September 1, 1979-March 31, 1982. [Synthesis Gas From Manure (SGFM)] (1982)

The major accomplishment of this project was the correlation of the SGFM gasifier yields as a function of average gasifier temperature, oxygen-to-feed ratio, steam-to-feed ratio and mean solids residence time (MSRT). Twenty-four runs on the PDU were used for these correlations. These runs were chosen based on adequate closure of the total mass balances, carbon balances, hydrogen balances and oxygen balances. These operating variables were used to correlate product gas yield, hydrogen-to-carbon monoxide ratio (H/sub 2/-CO), carbon conversion, gas heating value and thermal conversion (a type of thermal efficiency). Another major accomplishment was quantitative analysis of carcinogenic polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the by-products from the SGFM reactor. The by-products that were analyzed included the impinger tars and the waste water collected following gasification. The conclusions of these analyses are: (1) there are carcinogenic materials in the tar and waste water, even though at low levels, and (2) the presence of the PAH's are signifiantly lower when gasifying with oxygen versus gasification with air. Another objective of this project was to investigate extraction of as-received oak sawdust. The goal of this study was to determine if any valuable compounds could be extracted from the raw feedstock. The extraction tests weremore » notably unsuccessful. Various solvents were used, but the best turned out to be ethanol. Even in the case of ethanol, only 1.2% of the dry, raw biomass was extracted. It was felt that this recovery was too low to justify further work. One objective that was not successfully completed during Phase III of this project was continual operation of the PDU over extended time periods (48 to 168 hrs). 45 refs., 52 figs., 45 tabs.« less
Fundamental quantum limits of magnetic nearfield measurements (2023)

Abstract Major advances in the precision of magnetic measurements bring us closer to quantum detection of individual spins at the single-atom level. On the quest for reducing both classical and quantum measurement noise, it is intriguing to look forward and search for precision limits arising from the fundamental quantum nature of the measurement process itself. Here, we present the limits of magnetic quantum measurements arising from quantum information considerations, and apply these limits to a concrete example of magnetic force microscopy (MFM). We show how such microscopes have a fundamental limit on their precision arising from the theory of imperfect quantum cloning, manifested by the entanglement between the measured system and the measurement probe. We show that counterintuitively, increasing the probe complexity decreases both the measurement noise and back action, and a judicious design of the magnetic interaction reveals optimal schemes already at spin-1 probes.
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase Inhibitors. 1. Purine Phosphonic Acids as Novel AMP Mimics (2009)

Inhibition of FBPase is considered a promising way to reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis and therefore could be a potential approach to treat type 2 diabetes. Herein we report the discovery of a series of purine phosphonic acids as AMP mimics targeting the AMP site of FBPase, which was achieved using a structure-guided drug design approach. These non-nucleotide purine analogues inhibit FBPase in a similar manner and with similar potency as AMP. More importantly, several purine analogues exhibited potent cellular and in vivo glucose-lowering activities, thus achieving proof-of-concept for inhibiting FBPase as a drug discovery target. For example, compounds 4.11 and 4.13 are as equipotent as AMP with regard to FBPase inhibition. Furthermore, compound 4.11 inhibited glucose production in primary rat hepatocytes and significantly lowered blood glucose levels in fasted rats.
Carotid body denervation prevents pulmonary edema, attenuates left ventricular remodeling and restores normal autonomic balance in chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction (709.5) (2014)

Background: The hypersensitive peripheral chemoreflex induces sympathoexcitation and vagolysis and is known to associate with the poor prognosis of chronic heart failure (CHF). We hypothesized that denervation of carotid body (CBD) improves CHF and restore the normal autonomic balance in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI)‐induced CHF. Methods: We created MI‐induced CHF in rats. Surviving rats at 4 weeks after MI were randomized into CBD (n=10) and sham‐operated (Sham; n=10) group. To establish CBD, we removed the tissues around the carotid bifurcation. Two months after CBD, we evaluated physiological and histological findings. Results: CBD significantly reduced biventricular weight (2.9±0.1 vs. 3.3±0.1 g/kg, p &lt;0.05), lung weight (5.6±0.4 vs. 8.1±0.3 g/kg, p &lt;0.05), LV end‐diastolic pressure (13.7±3.2 vs. 28.3±3.1 mmHg, p &lt;0.05) and heart rate (HR) (336±6 vs. 364±5 bpm, p &lt;0.05). Power spectral analysis of HR demonstrated the increased power in the high frequency range (29.0±8.2 vs. 81.0±9.5 n.u., p &lt;0.05) indicating the restoration of vagal tone. Histologocal analysis showed CBD decrease fibrosis and the invasion of macrophages in myocardium. Conclusion: CBD prevents pulmonary edema, attenuates LV remodeling and restores normal autonomic balance in CHF rats. CBD can be a novel neuro‐modulating therapy for CHF patients.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHETIC USE OF NUCLEOSIDE N1‐OXIDES (1980)

Abstract Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Einsatz von Adenosin Nl‐Oxid‐Derivaten von Zuckern zur Verhütung von intramolekularen Ringschlußreaktionen bei nucleophilen Substitutionen an der Zuckereinheit.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Benzobacteriopurpurins by Diels‐Alder Cycloaddition. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Two-parameter sequential adsorption model applied to microfiber clustering (2010)

Capillary-mediated self-assembly and self-organization are useful techniques for constructing ordered superstructures from nanoscale and microscale building blocks. Square arrays of flexible microfibers attached to a substrate have been shown to form highly ordered patterns of 2 × 2 fiber clusters (tetramers) under the influence of capillary forces at the surface of an evaporating liquid layer. We model this pattern formation as an irreversible sequential adsorption process on a square lattice, in which tetramers form sequentially on an initially empty lattice and locally enhance the formation of nearby tetramers, giving rise to partially ordered domains. Restrictions analogous to excluded volume interactions for hard squares prevent additional tetramers forming at next-and second-neighbor positions. Two parameters regulate the enhancement in tetramer formation at third- and fourth-near neighbor positions. We study the model using numerical simulations and compare it to a realization of a self-organization experiment. The model reproduces many features of the observed patterns when the two parameters are chosen by a least-squares fit to a single experimental quantity. The fourth-near neighbor enhancement, not considered in previously studied sequential adsorption models, is shown to be significant for the pattern formation under study.
Enhancement of χ/sup (3)/ of squarylium dye j-aggregates in infrared region by two-photon resonance (2002)

Third-order nonlinear optical coefficient (/spl chi//sup (3)/) of organic J-aggregate film was measured in infrared region using Z-scan technique. Enhancement of /spl chi//sup (3)/ due to two-photon resonance was clearly observed, demonstrating the possibility of operation at telecommunication wavelength.
High-power-transfer-density capacitive wireless power transfer system for electric vehicle charging (2017)

This paper introduces a large air-gap capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT) system for electric vehicle charging that achieves a power transfer density exceeding the state-of-the-art by more than a factor of four. This high power transfer density is achieved by operating at a high switching frequency (6.78 MHz), combined with an innovative approach to designing matching networks that enable effective power transfer at this high frequency. In this approach, the matching networks are designed such that the parasitic capacitances present in a vehicle charging environment are absorbed and utilized as part of the wireless power transfer mechanism. A new modeling approach is developed to simplify the complex network of parasitic capacitances into equivalent capacitances that are directly utilized as the matching network capacitors. A systematic procedure to accurately measure these equivalent capacitances is also presented. A prototype capacitive WPT system with 150 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> coupling plates, operating at 6.78 MHz and incorporating matching networks designed using the proposed approach, is built and tested. The prototype system transfers 589 W of power across a 12-cm air gap, achieving a power transfer density of 19.6 kW/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Energy Efficient Electrochromic Windows Incorporating Ionic Liquids (2008)

One approach to increasing the energy efficiency of windows is to control the amount of solar radiation transmitted through a window by using electrochromic technology. What is unique about this project is that the electrochromic is based on the reduction/oxidation reactions of cathodic and anodic organic semi-conducting polymers using room temperature ionic liquids as ion transport electrolytes. It is believed that these types of coatings would be a lower cost alternative to traditional all inorganic thin film based electrochromic technologies. Although there are patents1 based on the proposed technology, it has never been reduced to practice and thoroughly evaluated (i.e. durability and performance) in a window application. We demonstrate that by using organic semi-conductive polymers, specific bands of the solar spectrum (specifically visible and near infrared) can be targeted for electrochemical variable transmittance responsiveness. In addition, when the technology is incorporated into an insulating glass unit, the energy parameters such as the solar heat gain coefficient and the light to solar gain ratio are improved over that of a typical insulating glass unit comprised of glass with a low emissivity coating. A minimum of {approx}0.02 quads of energy savings per year with a reduction of carbon emissions for electricity of {approx}320 MKg/yr benefit is achieved over that of a typical insulating glass unit including a double silver low-E coating. Note that these values include a penalty in the heating season. If this penalty is removed (i.e. in southern climates or commercial structures where cooling is predominate year-round) a maximum energy savings of {approx}0.05 quad per year and {approx}801 MKg/yr can be achieved over that of a typical insulating glass unit including a double silver low-E coating. In its current state, the technology is not durable enough for an exterior window application. The primary downfall is that the redox chemistry fails to recover to a bleached state upon exposure to heat and solar radiation while being cycled over time from the bleached to the dark state. Most likely the polymers are undergoing degradation reactions which are accelerated by heat and solar exposure while in either the reduced or oxidized states and the performance of the polymers is greatly reduced over time. For this technology to succeed in an exterior window application, there needs to be more work done to understand the degradation of the polymers under real-life application conditions such as elevated temperatures and solar exposure so that recommendations for improvements in to the overall system can be made. This will be the key to utilizing this type of technology in any future real-life applications.
Machine Learning Based Noise Estimation in Optical Fiber Communication Networks (2018)

In this paper, we discuss a machine learning based approach to jointly estimating both linear and nonlinear noise contributions in an optical fiber communication link. We will expound the rational for utilizing machine learning for this problem, before discussing current progress and then concluding with future research directions.
The ring-based optical Resonant Router (2006)

The Resonant Router (ReR) is an integrated optics crossbar matrix based on ring resonators. Depending on the characteristics of the rings the ReR can operate as cross-connect (X-ReR) or as wavelength router (λ-ReR). The analysis of the device, the spectral characteristics and the impact on a high bit rate signal are presented and discussed both on theoretical and experimental basis. The ReR can add flexibility and extend the capabilities of a node of a transparent optical network.
Groove-gratings to optimize the electric field enhancement in a plasmonic nanoslit-cavity (2010)

We study the spectral properties of a triangular plasmonic nanoslit-cavity with periodic triangular grooves to optimize the field enhancement inside the nanoslit. This work is mainly based on numerical calculations and also partly supported by experimental evidence. In the nanoslit-cavity, we can distinguish following three main contributions to the field enhancement: electrostatic interaction in the nanoslit, surface plasmon polariton standing waves in the cavity and excitation, and reflection of surface plasmon polaritons by the grating. The importance of phase matching between surface plasmons generated at the nanoslit and the gratings is also investigated in order to optimize the local field intensity in the nanoslit.
[3 + 2]-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of an N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boryl Azide (2012)

Thermal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene dihydridoboron azide occur smoothly with alkynes, nitriles, and alkenes bearing electron-withdrawing groups. New, stable NHC-boryl-substituted triazoles, tetrazoles, and triazolidines are formed in good to excellent yields.
Topology Optimization of Graded Truss Lattices Based on On-the-Fly Homogenization (2022)

Abstract We introduce a computational framework for the topology optimization of cellular structures with spatially varying architecture, which is applied to functionally graded truss lattices under quasistatic loading. We make use of a first-order homogenization approach, which replaces the discrete truss by an effective continuum description to be treated by finite elements in a macroscale boundary value problem. By defining the local truss architecture through a set of Bravais vectors, we formulate the optimization problem with regards to the spatially varying basis vectors and demonstrate its feasibility and performance through a series of benchmark problems in 2D (though the method is sufficiently general to also apply in 3D, as discussed). Both the displacement field and the topology are continuously varying unknown fields on the macroscale, and a regularization is included for well posedness. We argue that prior solutions obtained from aligning trusses along the directions of principal stresses are included as a special case. The outlined approach results in heterogeneous truss architectures with a smoothly varying unit cell, enabling easy fabrication with a tunable length scale (the latter avoiding the ill-posedness stemming from classical nonconvex methods without an intrinsic length scale).
Segmentation of anatomical structure by using a local classifier derived from neighborhood information (2008)

Rapid advances in imaging modalities have increased the importance of image segmentation techniques. These techniques automatically extract data for the anatomical structure of interest and facilitate their quantitative analysis. Here we present a framework for a semi-automatic segmentation method that incorporates a local classifier derived from a neighboring image. Using the local classifier we were able to consider otherwise challenging cases of segmentation merely as two-class classification without any complicated parameters. Our method is simple to implement and easy to operate. We successfully tested our method on computed tomography images.
Mechanical Properties of Plant Cell Walls Probed by Relaxation Spectra (2010)

Transformants and mutants with altered cell wall composition are expected to display a biomechanical phenotype due to the structural role of the cell wall. It is often quite difficult, however, to distinguish the mechanical behavior of a mutant's or transformant's cell walls from that of the wild type. This may be due to the plant's ability to compensate for the wall modification or because the biophysical method that is often employed, determination of simple elastic modulus and breakstrength, lacks the resolving power necessary for detecting subtle mechanical phenotypes. Here, we apply a method, determination of relaxation spectra, which probes, and can separate, the viscoelastic properties of different cell wall components (i.e. those properties that depend on the elastic behavior of load-bearing wall polymers combined with viscous interactions between them). A computer program, BayesRelax, that deduces relaxation spectra from appropriate rheological measurements is presented and made accessible through a Web interface. BayesRelax models the cell wall as a continuum of relaxing elements, and the ability of the method to resolve small differences in cell wall mechanical properties is demonstrated using tuber tissue from wild-type and transgenic potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) that differ in rhamnogalacturonan I side chain structure.
Crystal Structure of a Porous Zirconium Phosphate/Phosphonate Compound and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Related Materials (1996)

The preparation, structure, and catalytic properties of porous zirconium phosphate/phosphonate compounds are discussed. The crystal structure for the Zr2(PO4)(O3PCH2CH2(viologen)CH2CH2PO3)X3·3H2O, X = halide, is presented. The structure was determined ab initio from X-ray powder diffraction data and refined by Rietveld methods. The compound crystallizes with the symmetry of space group P2/c with a = 13.589(2) Å, b = 8.8351(9) Å, c = 9.229(1) Å, and β = 100.79°. The structure consists of inorganic lamellae bridged by phosphono−ethyl−viologen groups. Large pores are formed in this material, which contain one halide ion and three water molecules per formula unit. The free halide ions in these materials are readily exchanged for PtCl42- ions. The Pt salt was reduced to give fine metal particles inside the porous solid. These materials produce hydrogen photochemically from water using ultraviolet light. The average rate of H2 production is 0.15 mL/h with a lower limit quantum yield of 4% based only on the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum in the presence of a sacrificial reductant (EDTA).
Design and integration considerations for end-of-the roadmap ultrashallow junctions (2000)

Device simulations and response surface analysis have been used to quantify the trade-offs and issues encountered in designing ultrashallow junctions for the 250–50 nm generations of complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor ultralarge scale integration technology. The design of contacting and extension junctions is performed to optimize short channel effects, performance, and reliability, while meeting the National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors off-state leakage specifications. A maxima in saturated drive current is observed for an intermediate extension junction depth (∼20 nm for 100 nm technology): shallower junctions lead to higher series resistance, and deeper junctions result in more severe short channel effects. The gate-to-junction overlap required to preserve drive current was seen to depend on junction abruptness. For a perfectly abrupt junction, it is not necessary for the gate to overlap the junction. Performance depends on many parameters, including: overlap of gate to extension junction, junction capacitance, and parasitic series resistance, which depends on the doping gradient at the junction (spreading resistance), the extension series resistance, and the contact resistance. Extraction of these parameters using I–V or C–V measurements can potentially lead to erroneous conclusions about lateral junction excursion and abruptness.