gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preferential Siting of Iron Atoms in an MFI‐type Ferrisilicate Zeolite Framework: An Attempt to Explain Experimental Data with TPA‐Silicate Solution Chemistry (2003)

Abstract In this paper an attempt is made to explain the experimentally observed iron siting in ferrisilicate MFI‐type zeolites based on TPA‐silicate solution chemistry. A critical molecular step in the formation of Silicalite‐1 zeolite is the formation of the precursor, counting 36 T‐atoms, by condensation of three pentacyclic dodecamers around a TPA molecule. Incorporation of a tetracyclic undecamer instead of a pentacyclic dodecamer results in a precursor with a missing Si atom at a position that becomes a T 9 or T 10 site of the orthorhombic unit cell of the MFI‐type zeolite. The incorporation of iron at these empty positions of the precursor explains the experimentally observed preferred iron positions. Close examination of the precursor formation mechanism reveals that the iron is incorporated at the same T‐atom positions, viz. T 9 and T 10 , when the precursor is formed from an iron‐containing pentacyclic dodecamer. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
P‐49: Investigation on Parallel Operating Characteristics of a Closed Microhollow Cathode Discharge for Direct Current Plasma Display Panels (2000)

Abstract Open microhollow cathode discharge shows a flat (dV/dI=0) or negative behavior in current‐voltage characteristics for the entire pressure (70 to 760 Torr). On the contrary, the closed microhollow cathode discharge of 200 μm hole diameter leads to a positive differential resistance, in the range of pressure (70 to 760 Torr), without the individual ballast resistance and the distributed resistor. Also for the closed microhollow cathode discharges, the microdischarge in 200 μm hole diameter results in parallel operation characteristics at pressures higher than in 500 μm opening because of the large resistance of discharge itself as well as the small power requirement for producing the plasma in a hole. Therefore, parallel operating characteristics of microhollow cathode discharge allows us to fabricate the DC plasma display panel with high pressure and low current density.
Highly Stereoselective Metal-Free Catalytic Reduction of Imines: An Easy Entry to Enantiomerically Pure Amines and Natural and Unnatural α-Amino Esters (2009)

A highly efficient catalytic stereoselective ketimine reduction is described. The combination of an inexpensive chiral organocatalyst, easily prepared in a single step, and of a very cheap removable chiral auxiliary allowed us to obtain enantiomerically pure amino compounds. The methodology allowed synthesis of chiral secondary and primary amines and natural and unnatural amino esters in high yields often with total control of the absolute stereochemistry.
A Practical Ballistic Yaw Sensor (2019)

It is widely recognized that angled or yawed projectile impacts on armour can affect the perceived performance due to changes in projectileâ€™s interactions with the armour-. Furthermore, spurious results and greater uncertainty in armour performance can result from variations in yaw angles if not accounted for. While many ballistic test standards limit the allowable incident angle, its measurement has long been accomplished with yaw cards despite having poor precision and possible effect on trajectory. This paper describes the development of a non-contact ballistic yaw sensor for small calibre ammunition and fragment simulating projectiles that meets the requirements of ballistic standards while providing much greater precision and ease of use over that of yaw cards. The use of computer vision methods combined with LED lighting has resulted in a system that is quick and simple to use. The setup, operation, data analysis and accuracy are described with examples of its use.
Supplementary Table 3 from Oncogenic Deregulation of EZH2 as an Opportunity for Targeted Therapy in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 3. Quality Control of RNA-Sequencing Data.&lt;/p&gt;
Arsenic deactivation enhanced diffusion: A time, temperature, and concentration study (1998)

The electrical deactivation of arsenic in silicon has been studied with regard to its effect on enhanced diffusion. Experimental structures consist of a buried boron layer as an interstitial detector, and a fully activated arsenic doped laser annealed surface layer. As these structures are annealed at temperatures between 500 and 750 °C, arsenic in the surface layer deactivates and we observe enhanced diffusion of the buried boron layer. A study with time reveals that the enhanced diffusion transient and the deactivation transient are similar, indicating a strong correlation between both phenomena. The dependence on concentration shows a maximum enhanced diffusion for concentrations between 3 and 4×1020 cm−3 of initially active arsenic. Above these concentrations, the large supersaturation of interstitials nucleates dislocation loops and lowers the overall enhancement measured in the buried boron layer. Temperature data show that even for temperatures as low as 500 °C, enhanced diffusion is observed. These data are convincing evidence that the enhanced diffusion observed is due to the deactivation of arsenic and provides important insights into the mechanisms of deactivation. We propose that arsenic deactivation forms small clusters of various sizes around a vacancy with the injection of an associated interstitial into the bulk.
Improving Energy Expenditure Estimation through Activity Classification and Walking Speed Estimation Using a Smartwatch (2020)

Energy expenditure (EE) estimation is an important factor in tracking personal activity and preventing chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. The challenge is to provide accurate EE estimations in free-living environment through portable and unobtrusive devices. In this paper, we present an experimental study to estimate energy expenditure during sitting, standing and treadmill walking using a smartwatch. We introduce a novel methodology, which aims to improve the EE estimation by first separating sedentary (sitting and standing) and non-sedentary (walking) activities, followed by estimating the walking speeds and then calculating the energy expenditure using advanced machine learning based regression models. Ten young adults participated in the experimental trials. Our results showed that combining activity type and walking speed information with the acceleration counts substantially improved the accuracy of regression models for estimating EE. On average, the activity-based models provided 7% better EE estimation than the traditional acceleration-based models.
Full‐Duplex in Wireless Communications (2016)

In‐band full‐duplex transceivers are able to transmit and receive simultaneously at the same frequency band. In wireless communications, such technology can offer potentially 100% increase in throughput when uplink and downlink simultaneously share the same band(s). In practice, this requires that a full‐duplex device is able to mitigate the inherent self‐interference caused by the leakage of the transmitted signal to the receiver chain. On the network level, full‐duplex devices change the statistics of cochannel interference in the system, which must be handled with appropriate medium access control. In addition, the capability of transmitting and receiving simultaneously gives gain only when there is enough buffered data to be transmitted in both ways. In practice, the gain from full‐duplex operation is less than 100%, but nevertheless theoretical studies and full‐duplex prototypes have demonstrated that it can still be substantial. This article presents an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art full‐duplex technology in wireless communications describing its performance and discussing challenges to make full‐duplex operation widely adopted in emerging systems.
Efforts to Produce Human Cytotoxic T-Cell Hybridomas by Electrofusion and PEG Fusion (1987)

Cytotoxic human T cells from different sources were fused with different types of human T-lymphoma cells and mouse B-myeloma cells using variations of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) method and electrofusion. Both techniques yielded proliferating hybridomas. The frequency of wells with proliferating hybridomas depended on the tumor fusion partner used; the best results were obtained with HSB-1, whereas fusions with JURKAT-1 and HPB-1 did not yield any hybridomas. For one tumor cell line (HSB-1), considerably more hybridomas were obtained with electrofusion than with the PEG fusion (with or without heat shock). There was no consistent relationship between the presence or absence of cytotoxic activity of the T lymphocytes against the tumor fusion partner and the yield of hybridomas. In human-human as well as in human-mouse hybridomas most of the lymphocyte derived chromosomes were lost. Four of the more than 600 hybridomas tested showed transient cytotoxic activity, but in none of them this function could be immortalized. Two of the hybridomas obtained with CEM-1 as tumor fusion partner expressed low levels of lymphocyte-derived CD3 antigens. Two hybridomas obtained with HSB-1 were highly invasive in vitro in rat hepatocyte cultures, whereas HSB-1 tumor cells were not.
Analysis of Oct4-Dependent Transcriptional Networks Regulating Self-Renewal and Pluripotency in Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2006)

The POU domain transcription factor OCT4 is a key regulator of pluripotency in the early mammalian embryo and is highly expressed in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. Consistent with its essential role in maintaining pluripotency, Oct4 expression is rapidly downregulated during formation of the trophoblast lineage. To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. We detected altered expression of >1,000 genes, including targets regulated directly by OCT4 either positively (NANOG, SOX2, REX1, LEFTB, LEFTA/EBAF DPPA4, THY1, and TDGF1) or negatively (CDX2, EOMES, BMP4, TBX18, Brachyury [T], DKK1, HLX1, GATA6, ID2, and DLX5), as well as targets for the OCT4-associated stem cell regulators SOX2 and NANOG. Our data set includes regulators of ACTIVIN, BMP, fibroblast growth factor, and WNT signaling. These pathways are implicated in regulating human ESC differentiation and therefore further validate the results of our analysis. In addition, we identified a number of differentially expressed genes that are involved in epigenetics, chromatin remodeling, apoptosis, and metabolism that may point to underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate pluripotency and trophoblast differentiation in humans. Significant concordance between this data set and previous comparisons between inner cell mass and trophectoderm in human embryos indicates that the study of human ESC differentiation in vitro represents a useful model of early embryonic differentiation in humans.
Consent. Modern interpretation: "Voluntary Informed Consent" (2021)

The article is devoted to voluntary informed consent. It considers the historical issues of the formation of this concept in modern health care and medical science. The article highlights a historical role of the Nuremberg Code which was taken as the basis for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the World Medical Association (WMA) Code of Ethics, the Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, i.e. documents that defined the world order after the end of World War II.
Architectures for High Dynamic Range, High Speed Image Sensor Readout Circuits. (2006)

Abstract — The stringent performance requirements of many infrared imaging applications warrant the development of precision high dynamic range, high speed focal plane arrays. In addition to achieving high dynamic range, the readout circuits for these image sensors must achieve high linearity and SNR at low power consumption. We first review two high dynamic range image sensor schemes that have been developed for visible range imaging and discuss why they cannot meet the stringent performance demands of infrared imaging. We then describe a new dynamic range extension scheme, Folded Multiple Capture, that can meet these performance requirements. Dynamic range is extended using synchronous self-reset while high SNR is maintained using few non-uniformly spaced captures and leastsquares fit to estimate pixel photocurrent. We conclude with a description of a prototype of this architecture targeted for 3D-IC IR focal plane arrays. I.
Basic Science Research into New Treatments for Shoulder Joint Disease - My Experience at the University of Connecticut - (2021)

I performed basic research at the University of Connecticut, New England, USA from October 2016 to June 2018. I worked in the Human Soft Tissue Research Laboratory, which is part of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at the University of Connecticut. I performed basic research to develop new treatments for shoulder joint disease with Prof. Augustus D. Mazzocca, who has done extensive work in biological and biomechanical orthopedics, especially for shoulder disease. I was fortunate to be able to work alongside seven highly motivated German orthopedic surgeons from the Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich. During my 2 years at the University of Connecticut, I performed biological, biomechanical, and clinical studies of shoulder surgery and observed the medical and cultural differences between Japan, the USA, and Germany. In this review, I summarize the biological and biomechanical studies that I performed at the University of Connecticut.
Human PAX Gene Expression and Development of the Vertebral Column (1994)

The human gene HuP48 is a member of the PAX family of developmental control genes. Common to all members of this family is a highly conserved DNA sequence, the paired box sequence. In several species, paired box-containing genes function in normal embryonic morphogenesis. To investigate the possible involvement of PAX genes in the development of the human skeleton, the authors analyzed the expression of the paired box-containing gene, HuP48, in the fetal human vertebral column. In addition, the authors sequenced the paired box region of HuP48 from patients with congenital vertebral anomalies associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome. Using in situ hybridization, it was observed that HuP48 is expressed in a segmented pattern in the developing spine, specifically in the cells of the intervertebral disks of seven- to eight-week-old fetuses. At this stage in development, HuP48 expression appears to be restricted to the vertebral column. The pattern of expression of HuP48 indicates that it plays a role in establishing the segmented pattern of the vertebral column, perhaps by helping to establish and/or maintain, or both, a border between two different populations of cells, those of the prevertebrae and those of the intervertebral disks. Analysis of HuP48 paired box sequences in genomic DNA obtained from patients with congenital segmentation anomalies revealed no mutations in this highly conserved sequence.
Assessing the Effects of Tinnitus Retraining Therapy in Patients Lost to Follow-up (2015)

Treatment outcomes were better in the FL group than in the GF group in several parameters. The FL group was greatly influenced by the first TRT counseling and obtained sufficient relief that they no longer felt the need for additional treatment. Treatment outcomes in patients lost to follow-up may not be as bad as presumed.
Comparison of Capillary and Venous Drug Concentrations After Administration of a Single Dose of Risperidone, Paliperidone, Quetiapine, Olanzapine, or Aripiprazole (2016)

Risperidone, paliperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine, and aripiprazole are antipsychotic drugs approved for treating various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. The objective of this randomized, parallel-group, open-label study was to compare finger-stick-based capillary with corresponding venous whole-blood and plasma concentrations for these drugs after administration of a single dose to healthy volunteers. All whole-blood and plasma drug concentrations were measured with validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods. Capillary and venous concentrations (both in plasma and whole blood) were in close agreement, although a time-dependent difference was observed, most obviously for olanzapine and paliperidone, with slightly higher capillary versus venous drug concentrations during the first hours after administering a single dose. The observed difference between capillary and venous plasma drug concentrations is expected not to be relevant in clinical practice, considering the wide window of therapeutic concentrations and the wide range of drug concentrations in the patient population for a given dose. Based on these results, finger-stick-based capillary drug concentrations have been shown to approximate venous drug concentrations.
Gene Evolution v Special Creation-Reply (1983)

In Reply.— Drs Bell and Tubbs raise a matter of concern to those who cannot reconcile the process of evolution with their religious convictions. While I appreciate that concern, I must reiterate that new genetic studies strongly buttress the mass of evidence favoring evolution and the continuous nature of the species. Indeed, they delineate some of the genetic mechanisms by which evolution occurs. Even the continuing appearance of mutations in human populations, for example, the hemoglobin S allele with its associated positive and negative selective values, edges us along an evolutionary pathway and indicates that that process is not over. The paleontologic studies and amino acid sequence comparisons referred to by Drs Bell and Tubbs are valuable but crude tools by today's molecular genetic standards. They nevertheless pointed us in the right direction. Evolution and the continuity of life are scientific facts with which Drs Bell and Tubbs and those
The impact of the interferon-lambda family on the innate and adaptive immune response to viral infections (2014)

Type-III interferons (IFN-λ, IFNL) are the most recently described family of IFNs. This family of innate cytokines are increasingly being ascribed pivotal roles in host-pathogen interactions. Herein, we will review the accumulating evidence detailing the immune biology of IFNL during viral infection, and the implications of this novel information on means to advance the development of therapies and vaccines against existing and emerging pathogens. IFNLs exert antiviral effects via induction of IFN-stimulated genes. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IFNL3, IFNL4 and the IFNL receptor α-subunit genes have been strongly associated with IFN-α-based treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The clinical impact of these SNPs may be dependent on the status of viral infection (acute or chronic) and the potential to develop viral resistance. Another important function of IFNLs is macrophage and dendritic cell polarization, which prime helper T-cell activation and proliferation. It has been demonstrated that IFNL increase Th1- and reduce Th2-cytokines. Therefore, can such SNPs affect the IFNL signaling and thereby modulate the Th1/Th2 balance during infection? In turn, this may influence the subsequent priming of cytotoxic T cells versus antibody-secreting B cells, with implications for the breadth and durability of the host response.
Early activation of cellular stress and death pathways caused by cytoplasmic TDP-43 in the rNLS8 mouse model of ALS/FTD (2022)

Abstract TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology is a key feature of over 95% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and nearly half of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) cases. The pathogenic mechanisms of TDP-43 dysfunction are poorly understood, however activation of cell stress pathways may contribute to pathogenesis. We therefore sought to identify which cell stress components are critical for driving disease onset and neurodegeneration in ALS/FTD. We studied the rNLS8 transgenic mouse model, which expresses human TDP-43 with a genetically-ablated nuclear localisation sequence within neurons of the brain and spinal cord resulting in cytoplasmic TDP-43 pathology and progressive motor dysfunction. Amongst numerous cell stress-related biological pathways profiled using qPCR arrays, several critical ISR effectors, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding homologous protein ( Chop/Ddit3 ) and activating transcription factor 4 ( Atf4 ), were upregulated in the cortex of rNLS8 mice prior to disease onset. This was accompanied by early up-regulation of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2 and diverse pro-apoptotic genes including BH3-interacting domain death agonist ( Bid ). However, pro-apoptotic signalling predominated after onset of motor phenotypes. Notably, pro-apoptotic caspase-3 protein was elevated in the cortex of rNLS8 mice at later disease stages, suggesting that downstream activation of apoptosis drives neurodegeneration following failure of early protective responses. Unexpectedly, suppression of Chop in the brain and spinal cord using antisense oligonucleotide-mediated silencing had no effect on overall TDP-43 pathology or disease phenotypes in rNLS8 mice. Cytoplasmic TDP-43 accumulation therefore causes very early activation of ISR and both anti-and pro-apoptotic signalling that switches to predominant pro-apoptotic activation later in disease. These findings suggest that precise temporal modulation of cell stress and death pathways may be beneficial to protect against neurodegeneration in ALS and FTD. Key points ISR genes Atf4 and Chop, anti-apoptotic Bcl2 and pro-apoptotic gene Bid , Bim , Noxa were upregulated in the cortex of rNLS8 mice prior to disease onset Knockdown of Chop had limited effects on TDP-43 pathology and did not alter motor deficits in rNLS8 mice Both anti-and pro-apoptotic genes are upregulated prior to disease onset, and switches to activation of pro-apoptotic signalling at later disease stages Caspase-3 activation likely drives neurodegeneration in the cortex of rNLS8 mice
Effectiveness of non-surgical and surgical interventions for elbow flexion contractures in brachial plexus birth injury: A systematic review (2019)

III - systematic review of level IV studies.
White organic light-emitting devices with mixed interfaces between light emitting layers (2007)

White organic light-emitting devices with mixed interfaces between emitting layers (MI-EML WOLEDs) showed luminance and efficiency as large as 26213cd∕m2 and 9.85cd∕A. Efficiencies of MI-EML WOLEDs were about 1.5 times better than those of conventional three-EML WOLEDs for luminance of 1000–5000cd∕m2, and their half-decay lifetime showed 3.1 times improvement. Note that if the authors operate typical active-matrix mobile-phone displays based on combination of WOLED and color filters to produce standard white emission for high definition televisions and illumination sources, MI-EML WOLEDs will have advantages of 25% less power consumption and 2.8 times longer lifetime over conventional three-EML WOLEDs.