gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Store‐operated calcium entry controls innate and adaptive immune cell function in inflammatory bowel disease (2022)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by dysregulated intestinal immune responses. Using mass cytometry (CyTOF) to analyze the immune cell composition in the lamina propria (LP) of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), we observed an enrichment of CD4<sup>+</sup> effector T cells producing IL-17A and TNF, CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells producing IFNγ, T regulatory (Treg) cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILC). The function of these immune cells is regulated by store-operated Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry (SOCE), which results from the opening of Ca<sup>2+</sup> release-activated Ca<sup>2+</sup> (CRAC) channels formed by ORAI and STIM proteins. We observed that the pharmacologic inhibition of SOCE attenuated the production of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17A, TNF, and IFNγ by human colonic T cells and ILCs, reduced the production of IL-6 by B cells and the production of IFNγ by myeloid cells, but had no effect on the viability, differentiation, and function of intestinal epithelial cells. T cell-specific deletion of CRAC channel genes in mice showed that Orai1, Stim1, and Stim2-deficient T cells have quantitatively distinct defects in SOCE, which correlate with gradually more pronounced impairment of cytokine production by Th1 and Th17 cells and the severity of IBD. Moreover, the pharmacologic inhibition of SOCE with a selective CRAC channel inhibitor attenuated IBD severity and colitogenic T cell function in mice. Our data indicate that SOCE inhibition may be a suitable new approach for the treatment of IBD.
Maspin regulates hypoxia-mediated stimulation of uPA/uPAR complex in invasive breast cancer cells (2005)

Maspin, a unique serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin), plays a key role in mammary gland development and is silenced during breast cancer progression. Maspin has been shown to inhibit tumor cell motility and invasion in cell culture, as well as growth and metastasis in animal models. In this study, we investigated the effect of maspin on the regulation of hypoxia-induced expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR), with respect to invasive potential in metastatic breast cells MDA-MB-231. We hypothesized that maspin can neutralize or mitigate hypoxia-induced expression of uPA/uPAR in metastatic breast cancer cells, resulting in suppression of their invasive potential. To test our hypothesis, we employed the highly invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells that are devoid of maspin, and transfected them with the maspin gene, and then determined the effect of hypoxia on uPA/uPAR expression. Normal mammary epithelial cells 1436N1 were used as a control. Our findings demonstrate that maspin downregulated the basal and hypoxia-induced uPA/uPAR expression and reduced the stimulatory effect of hypoxia on the in vitro invasive ability of MDA-MB-231-cells. In addition, maspin also inhibited the enzymatic activity of secreted and cell associated uPA in MDA-MB-231 cells. These results indicate that maspin inhibits hypoxia-induced invasion of metastatic breast cancer cells by blocking the uPA system, thus illuminating an important molecular pathway for therapeutic consideration.
Picosecond ultrasonics: A new approach for control of thin metal processes (1998)

The Picosecond Ultrasonics technique is described. The application of the technique to modern ULSI process metrology and characterization is illustrated with a number of examples. Specific applications discussed include measurement of thickness and density of PVD TiN and CVD WNx, CVD W edge thickness profiles, 5 metal layers with in a single interconnect stack, ultrathin Ti, Ti/TiN adhesion stacks, as well as PVD and ECD copper.
Control of natural gas catalytic partial oxidation for hydrogen generation in fuel cell applications (2004)

A fuel processor that reforms natural gas to hydrogen-rich mixture to feed the anode field of fuel cell stack is considered. The first reactor that generates the majority of the hydrogen in the fuel processor is based on catalytic partial oxidation of the methane in the natural gas. We present a model-based control analysis and design for a fuel processing system (FPS) that manages natural gas flow and humidified atmospheric air flow in order to regulate 1) the amount of hydrogen in the fuel cell anode and 2) the temperature of the catalytic partial oxidation reactor during transient power demands from the fuel cell. Linear feedback analysis and design is used to identify the limitation of a decentralized controller and the benefit of a multivariable controller. Further analysis unveils the critical controller cross coupling term that contributes to the superior performance of the multivariable controller.
Preliminary Analysis of a Fully Solid State Magnetocaloric Refrigeration (2016)

Magnetocaloric refrigeration is an alternative refrigeration technology with significant potential energy savings compared to conventional vapor compression refrigeration technology. Most of the reported active magnetic regenerator (AMR) systems that operate based on the magnetocaloric effect use heat transfer fluid to exchange heat, which results in complicated mechanical subsystems and components such as rotating valves and hydraulic pumps. In this paper, we propose an alternative mechanism for heat transfer between the AMR and the heat source/sink. High-conductivity moving rods/sheets (e.g. copper, brass, iron or aluminum) are utilized instead of heat transfer fluid significantly enhancing the heat transfer rate hence cooling/heating capacity. A one dimensional model is developed to study the solid state AMR. In this model, the heat exchange between the solid-solid interfaces is modeled via a contact conductance, which depends on the interface apparent pressure, material hardness, thermal conductivity, surface roughness, and surface slope between the interfaces. Due to the tremendous impact of the heat exchange on the AMR cycle performance, a sensitivity analysis is conducted employing a response surface method, in which the apparent pressure and effective surface roughness are the uncertainty factors. COP and refrigeration capacity are presented as the response in the sensitivity analysis to reveal the important factors influencing the fully solid state AMR and optimize the solid state AMR efficiency. The results of this study will provide general guidelines for designing high performance solid state AMR systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Cycloalkenediol Diacetates Using a Chiral Phosphine Ligand Bearing a Carboxyl Group. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
One Class Support Vector Machines for Detecting Anomalous Windows Registry Accesses (2003)

We present a new Host-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that monitors accesses to the Microsoft Windows Registry using Registry Anomaly Detection (RAD). Our system uses a one class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM) to detect anomalous registry behavior by training on a dataset of normal registry accesses. It then uses this model to detect outliers in new (unclassified) data generated from the same system. Given the success of OCSVMs in other applications, we apply them to the Windows Registry anomaly detection problem. We compare our system to the RAD system using the Probabilistic Anomaly Detection (PAD) algorithm on the same dataset. Surprisingly, we find that PAD outperforms our OCSVM system due to properties of the hierarchical prior incorporated in the PAD algorithm. In the future, these properties may be used to develop an improved kernel and increase the performance of the OCSVM system.
Flash Boiling and Desorption From a Macroporous Carbon-Boron-Nitrogen Foam (2013)

This paper presents a tunable cooling technology befitting fast transient thermal events. In this approach, the rapid depressurization of the working fluid triggers coincident flash-boiling and desorption events, thereby achieving very high cooling rates for short periods of time. Carbon-boron-nitrogen foam, derived through the chemical modification of a highly graphitized carbon precursor, is utilized because of its excellent thermal conductivity, adsorptive properties and open macroporous structure. Preliminary results indicate a bulk fluid temperature change of 45 °C in less than one second, with a corresponding 26 °C temperature drop of the baseplate during a controlled ten-second flash boiling process with no external heating.
Thermal and physicochemical properties of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) surimi gel as affected by microbial transglutaminase (2016)

Thermal and physicochemical properties of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) surimi gel incorporated with different levels of microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were investigated. Surimi samples mixed with various concentrations of MTGase were subjected to two-stages heating (at 45°C followed by 90°C) to prepare surimi gel. Samples formulated with 0.30 MTGase (units/g surimi) showed the highest breaking force and deformation, and lowest expressible water content among treatments. Highest storage modulus was found in the gels mixed with 0.30 MTGase (units/g surimi). Compared with control surimi gel, addition of microbial transglutaminase to levels 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 (units/g surimi) increased the enthalpy and maximum transition temperature of myosin. Results suggest that up to 0.30 MTGase (units/g surimi) could improve texture, colour, water-holding capacity, elasticity and thermal stability of red tilapia surimi gel.
Loss of a novel mucin-like epithelial glycoprotein in oral and cervical squamous cell carcinomas. (1997)

Stratified squamous epithelia of oral and cervical mucosa express high levels of simple mucin-type O-linked carbohydrates, and these are known to undergo structural changes in relation to epithelial differentiation and neoplastic transformation. O-glycans in these epithelia are associated with the cell membrane, but the identity of the carrier molecule(s) remains largely unknown. We report here the identification of a membrane-bound M(r) 200,000-250,000 glycoprotein (gp230) that is expressed in stratified squamous epithelia of the oral cavity. Western blot analysis identified gp230 as a major carrier of simple-mucin type carbohydrate antigens in buccal nonkeratinized mucosal epithelium, suggesting that it may represent a mucin-like molecule. A monoclonal antibody PANH4 defining a protein epitope of gp230 was generated. The PANH4 epitope was localized by immunohistology to suprabasal cell layers of buccal epithelium and was also found in larynx, esophagus, vagina, and exocervix, but not in epidermis. Data showed that gp230 was distinct from MUC1 or CD44. It is interesting that in most cases gp230 was not expressed in squamous cell carcinomas of buccal and cervical mucosa. A few moderately differentiated carcinomas, mainly from cervix, expressed the gp230 epitope. The results suggest that a membrane-bound mucin-like molecule, gp230, is associated with the differentiated phenotype of normal mucosal stratified squamous epithelia and that expression of gp230 generally is lost in severe oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinomas of oral and cervical mucosa.
Severe myocardial dysfunction induced by ventricular remodeling in aging rat hearts (1990)

To determine if aging engenders alterations in the functional properties of the myocardium and ventricular remodeling, the hemodynamic performance and structural characteristics of the left ventricle of male Fischer 344 rats at 4, 12, 20, and 29 mo of age were studied by quantitative physiology and morphology. In vivo assessment of cardiac pump function showed no change up to 20 mo, whereas left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was increased at 29 mo. Moreover, peak rates of pressure rise and decay, stroke volume, ejection fraction, and cardiac output were depressed at the later age interval, demonstrating the presence of ventricular failure at this time. The measurements of chamber size and wall thickness showed that ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes progressively increased with age with the greatest change occurring at 20-29 mo. Aging was also accompanied by a marked augmentation in the volume fraction of fibrotic areas in the ventricular myocardium that was due to an increase in their number and cross-sectional area with time. These architectural rearrangements, in combination with the abnormalities in ventricular function, resulted in an elevation in the volume of wall stress throughout the cardiac cycle. Wall stress increased by 64, 44, and 50% from 4 to 12, 12 to 20, and 20 to 29 mo of age. In conclusion, aging leads to a continuous rise in wall stress that is not normalized by ventricular remodeling. These two independent processes appear to be responsible for the onset of heart failure in the senescent rat.
Molecular identification of transmitted/founder viruses by single genome amplification following percutaneous occupational exposure to HIV-1 (2010)

Background: Occupational exposure of health care workers (HCW) to HIV-1 is an uncommon but important route of virus transmission. Single genome amplification (SGA) and sequencing of plasma vRNA during acute infection (Keele PNAS 2008) makes possible, for the first time, a precise identification of transmitted/founder (T/F) viral genomes and a molecular analysis of mechanisms of treatment failure following post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).&#13;\nMethods: A 53 yo phlebotomist sustained a deep hollow-bore needle injury to the left forefinger with inadvertent blood inoculation from an advanced AIDS patient. PEP (AZT, 3TC, IND) was initiated within two hours and continued for 4 wks. 6 wks post-exposure, HIV-1 ELISA was negative. 12 wks post-exposure, HIV-1 ELISA and vRNA were positive and WB negative. SGA-direct amplicon sequencing was performed on plasma vRNA from the source patient (SP) and HCW.&#13;\nResults: A total of 179 full-length pol, env gp41, and 3’ half-genome sequences were determined by SGA. Sequences from the SP revealed maximum diversity of ≤4.35% in gp41 and ≤2.19% in pol. HCW sequences revealed 12 discrete, low diversity lineages (each &lt;0.27%) representing 12 distinct T/F viral genomes. 11 of 12 lineages showed no RT or protease drug resistance mutations. One minor lineage had 1 aa change indicative of IND resistance.&#13;\nConclusion: Transmission of ≥12 viruses following a high-risk needlestick is consistent with multivariant HIV-1 transmission observed in injection drug users (Bar J Virol 2010). Delayed viremia and Ab seroconversion, low viral sequence diversification, and absence of drug resistance mutations suggest evolutionary stasis and low or absent viral replication during PEP therapy. Mechanisms of PEP failure thus include virus sequestration and post-treatment virus reactivation.
A self-matching wideband feed network for microstrip arrays (1997)

A novel technique for feeding microstrip antenna arrays is proposed. It consists of a microstrip feed network designed to operate in dual standing and traveling-wave modes and provide uniform excitation to its elements with either mode. It, therefore, produces a uniform aperture distribution, regardless of the array element input impedances. The traveling wave propagates when radiating elements are matched, but resonant standing wave prevails if loads become mismatched. Since the feed network resonance does not alter the array excitation, it can be used in combination with the radiating patch resonance to broaden the impedance bandwidth. The physical reasons for such behaviors are explained and experimental verification are provided. The generalization of the concept to large arrays is also discussed.
Automated Construction using Contour Crafting (2001)

This paper presents some concepts and initial investigation of a novel construction automation approach using the Contour Crafting (CC) layered fabrication process, developed at the University of Southern California. CC uses computer control to take advantage of the superior surface forming capability of trowels, used by craftsmen and builders since ancient times, to create large intricate structures with smooth and accurate surfaces. The potential of CC became evident from the initial investigations and experiments with various materials and geometries. Using this process, a single house or a colony of houses, each with possibly a different design, may be automatically constructed in a single setup.
Dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms in the HSD3B2 gene (1994)

Journal Article Dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms in the HSD3B2 gene Get access H. Verreault, H. Verreault Medical Research Council Group in Molecular Endocrinology, CHUL Research Center and Laval UniversityQuebec G1V 4G2, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar I. Dufort, I. Dufort Medical Research Council Group in Molecular Endocrinology, CHUL Research Center and Laval UniversityQuebec G1V 4G2, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Simard, J. Simard Medical Research Council Group in Molecular Endocrinology, CHUL Research Center and Laval UniversityQuebec G1V 4G2, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. Labrie, F. Labrie Medical Research Council Group in Molecular Endocrinology, CHUL Research Center and Laval UniversityQuebec G1V 4G2, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V. Luu-The V. Luu-The * Medical Research Council Group in Molecular Endocrinology, CHUL Research Center and Laval UniversityQuebec G1V 4G2, Canada *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 1994, Page 384, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/3.2.384 Published: 01 February 1994
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor improves neovascularization by increasing circulating endothelial progenitor cells (2012)

Circulating EPC levels and neovasculogenesis were augmented by the DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin and this effect was dependent on an eNOS-related pathway in a mouse model of hindlimb ischaemia. The results indicate that oral administration of sitagliptin has therapeutic potential as an inducer of vasculogenesis.
Molecularly imprinted spherical polymer beads by suspension polymerization in mineral oil. (2006)

The prevalent method for the preparation of granulated molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is grinding of monolithic polymers. This classical method is timeand laborconsuming and produces irregularly shaped particles. Spherical beads are preferred for most applications and in particular for those involving chromatography, solid-phase extraction, and other flow-through techniques. We recently reported on a fast and straightforward route to spherical MIP beads by suspension polymerization in mineral oil. The procedure involves suspending the pre-polymerization solution in the oil by vigorous mixing followed by transformation of the droplets into solid spherical beads by photo-induced free-radical polymerization. No detergents or stabilizers are required for the droplet formation, which typically takes less than a minute. The polymerization completes within 10 min under a high-efficiency UV lamp, making the procedure fast and amenable to high-throughput processing. A detailed investigation of the polymerization procedure and factors affecting the quality of the beads will be presented. The beads were compared in parallel with corresponding particles prepared from polymer monoliths. The described suspension polymerization method was applied to the synthesis of poly(methacrylic acid–co–trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate) beads molecularly imprinted with the β-blocker propranolol and the β-lactam antibiotic penicillin G. The beads were demonstrated in a 96-well plate format radioligand binding assay of propranolol in serum and in solid-phase extraction of penicillin G in milk.
A New Delayed Extraction MALDI-TOF MS-MS for Characterization of Protein Digests (2000)

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is commonly used to separate and visualize proteins present in complex mixtures such as cell lysates [1]. Digestion of selected spots by one or more endopeptidases followed by generation of peptide mass maps using MALDI-TOF MS is now widely accepted as the first step toward identifying and characterizing the proteins [2]. Following the development of delayed extraction techniques for MALDI [3–5], and improved sample preparation and clean-up methodology [6], this strategy is often successful at identifying proteins represented in a database [7] even when the proteins are present at low levels. In favorable cases protein identification is successful at the sub-femtomole level. When this approach fails, it is generally necessary to generate sequence data using either Edman degradation or MS-MS techniques. The MS-MS technique known as post-source decay (PSD) with MALDI-TOF [8] sometimes provides sufficient sequence information, but often the sensitivity and mass accuracy are inadequate and interpretation is difficult. Recent developments in electrospray ionization, such as nanospray [9] have dramatically improved the sensitivity of triple quadrupole and ion trap MS-MS, but these techniques are rather slow and tedious, and rapid, automated interpretation of data to provide reliable sequences is not yet routine. New instruments employing TOF analyzers in place of the third quadrupole in triple quadrupole MS-MS systems have very recently been described which provide improved resolution and mass accuracy in fragment ion measurements [10, 11].
Nature-Based Design of Aperiodic Linear Arrays with Broadband Elements Using a Combination of Rapid Neural-Network Estimation Techniques and Genetic Algorithms (2007)

The developments presented in this paper address the challenge of determining the optimal element positions in nonuniformly spaced broadband phased-array antennas in order to best meet desired performance criteria. Specifically, this is accomplished by introducing a new nature-based design technique that couples a robust genetic-algorithm (GA) optimizer with rapid neural-network (NN) estimation procedures. These provide performance criteria as functions of the element positions over the entire scanning range and bandwidth of operation. The objective of this GA-NN technique is to determine the optimal element positions for a broadband aperiodic linear phased-array antenna in order to minimize element VSWRs and sidelobe levels. The NN estimation procedures circumvent the need for computationally intensive full-wave numerical simulations during the optimization process, which would ordinarily render such an optimization task impractical. The effectiveness of the new GA-NN design synthesis technique is demonstrated by considering an example where a nonuniformly spaced linear phased array of ten stacked patch antennas is optimized for operation within a given bandwidth and scanning range.