gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of TiC/Cu Composites by Combustion Synthesis in Cu-Ti-C System (2001)

Copper matrix composites reinforced with TiC particles which were formed in situ by a combustion reaction between titanium and carbon were fabricated from a powder mixture of Cu, Ti and C. The effects of igniting method, preheating, and composition on the combustion reaction for the Cu-Ti-C system were investigated. The copper matrix composites including 20 to 80 vol%TiC could be fabricated by heating directly using the heater. The use of an ignitor is not useful for self-propagating combustion reaction, but preheating can help the self-propagation. When the mole ratio of Ti to C was 1:1, residual graphite was observed in the synthesized composites as well as copper matrix and TiC reinforcements. However, hardly any graphite remained in the composite in which the mole ratio was 1:0.75. The combustion reaction between Ti and C in the Cu-Ti-C system initiated near the melting point of pure copper, suggesting that the reaction is initiated by the formation of liquid copper.
High performance manned interplanetary space vehicle using D-[sup 3]He Inertial Electrostatic Fusion (2002)

A preliminary system design is presented for a high performance 100 MWe manned space vehicle in the 500 metric ton class, based on Inertial Electrostatic Fusion (IEC), with trip times to the outer planets of several months. An IEC is chosen because it simplifies structure results in a very high power to weight ratio. The fusion reactor uses D-3He fuel which generates 14.7-MeV protons as the primary reaction product. The propulsion system design philosophy is based on direct conversion of proton energy to electricity, avoiding the thermalization of the working fluid to maximize efficiency. The principle system components of crew compartment, electronics, fusion reactor, traveling wave direct energy converter, step-down transformer, rectifier, ion thruster and heat rejection radiators are described. The design requires that an IEC reactor with a proton energy gain (power in 14.7-MeV protons/input electric power) of 4 or better is necessary to keep radiator mass and size at acceptable levels. Extrapolation of present laboratory scale IEC experiments to reactor relevant conditions is possible theoretically, but faces several open issues including stability under high-density conditions. Since unburned fusion fuels are recycled rather than exhausted with the propellant, problems of fuel weight and preservation of 3He are minimized. The 100-MWe propulsion system is based on NSTAR-extrapolated krypton ion thrusters operating at a specific impulse of 16,000 seconds and a total thrust of 1020 N. Thrust time for a typical outer planet mission ΔV of 50,000 m/s is then ∼200 days.
On the Use of Subwavelength Radial Grooves to Support Spoof Surface-Plasmon-Polariton Waves (2016)

This letter introduces radial grooves as a feasible geometry to support spoof surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) waves propagating along a vacuum-metallic interface. Through the analytical derivation of a dispersion relation, validated also with full-wave simulations, the ability of radial grooves to operate in the fundamental mode at the microwave regime is demonstrated. Also, results demonstrate the utility of radial geometries to decrease the depth of the grooves, in comparison with the widely used rectangular grooves, thereby providing a superior methodology for generating spoof SPPs.
Combination strategies for a factor analysis phone-conditioned speaker verification system (2009)

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Synthesis of Quaternary Carbon Stereogenic Centers by Diastereoselective Conjugate Addition of Boron-Stabilized Allylic Nucleophiles to Enones (2020)

A method for the site-selective and diastereoselective conjugate addition of boron-stabilized allylic nucleophiles to α,β-unsaturated ketones is disclosed. Transformations involve easily prepared γ,γ-disubstituted allyldiboron reagents and proceed in the presence of a fluoride activator at 80 °C. Reactions proceed with a wide variety of enones and allyldiboron reagents efficiently to deliver ketone products that contain otherwise difficult-to-access vicinal β-tertiary and γ-quaternary carbon stereogenic centers and an alkenylboron moiety. The utility of the method is highlighted by several transformations, including cross-coupling and carbocyclizations.
CVD Material Processing. Numerical Calculations of Heat Profile using Circular Infrared Lamp Heating Furnace. (2000)

環状赤外線放射加熱炉の加熱分布を直接レイトレース法により解析し, 反射鏡の役割と基板の反射率の影響などを考察した. 環状赤外線光源に沿って設けられた円筒鏡は光源直下の赤外線吸収量を増大させるだけでなく, 円筒鏡に沿って同心円状に赤外線吸収効率を増大させ, 同心円状の基板の赤外線吸収量分布の均一性を向上させる働きをしていると考えられる. 更に, 光源に隣接する円筒鏡だけでなく, その外側の円筒鏡によっても赤外線吸収効率が向上されることが把握された. 基板の反射率が大きくなると共に, そして光源と基板の距離の増大と共に赤外線吸収量は減少し, 赤外線吸収量分布はなだらかになることが把握された. 熱による基板からの放射光は, 放射光が発した位置の近傍に戻るものが多く, 基板の外周ほど加熱炉外へ逃げ易いことが計算により定量的に確認された.
Spectrum Sharing with Distributed Relay Selection and Clustering (2012)

We consider a spectrum-sharing network where n secondary relays are used to increase secondary rate and also mitigate interference on the primary by reducing the required overall secondary emitted power. We propose a distributed relay selection and clustering framework, obtain closed-form expressions for the secondary rate, and show that secondary rate increases proportionally to log n. Remarkably, this is on the same order as the growth rate obtained in the absence of a primary system and its imposed constraints. Our results show that to maximize the rate, the secondary relays must transmit with power proportional to n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> (thus the sum of relay powers is bounded) and also that the secondary source may not operate at its maximum allowable power. The tradeoff between the secondary rate and the interference on the primary is also characterized, showing that the primary interference can be reduced asymptotically to zero as n increases, while still maintaining a secondary rate that grows proportionally to log n. Finally, to address the rate loss due to half-duplex relaying in the secondary, we propose an alternating relay protocol and investigate its performance.
32 The Helix-Loop-Helix Motif: Structure and Function (1992)

OVERVIEW A central class of transcriptional regulatory proteins are those with an apparent helix-loop-helix (HLH) dimerization motif abutting a DNA-binding basic region. The HLH region allows for homodimerization but, more importantly, various HLH proteins can interact to form heterodimers. The heterodimers appear to be major players in determining the expression of differentiated cellular functions in various differentiated cell types. INTRODUCTION Control of initiation of mRNA synthesis involves the interaction of DNA-binding proteins with each other and with specific DNA sequence elements. Families of such DNA-binding proteins have been identified that are structurally related. Among these families are proteins containing a zinc finger domain, a POU/homeobox domain, and leucine zipper dimerization domains. We have recently identified a new family of proteins that have in common a conserved DNA-binding and dimerization domain, designated the HLH motif. The size of the known HLH family is large (>30 members) and growing. Protein-protein interactions can occur between various HLH members, forming hetero-oligomers. The formation of hetero-oligomers and the large size of the HLH protein family offer an enormous scope of complexity and regulation. The purpose of this chapter is to survey HLH proteins and discuss their role in development. E-BOX REGULATORY ELEMENTS A wide variety of regulatory elements have been identified in the past decade that are involved in the control of tissue- and developmental-specific gene expression. One class of such elements, the E boxes, are interesting because they seem to be involved in the control of transcription of a number of genes, expressed in...
CORNET: Learning Table Formatting Rules By Example (2022)

Spreadsheets are widely used for table manipulation and presentation. Stylistic formatting of these tables is an important property for both presentation and analysis. As a result, popular spreadsheet software, such as Excel, supports automatically formatting tables based on rules. Unfortunately, writing such formatting rules can be challenging for users as it requires knowledge of the underlying rule language and data logic. We present CORNET, a system that tackles the novel problem of automatically learning such formatting rules from user examples in the form of formatted cells. CORNET takes inspiration from advances in inductive programming and combines symbolic rule enumeration with a neural ranker to learn conditional formatting rules. To motivate and evaluate our approach, we extracted tables with over 450K unique formatting rules from a corpus of over 1.8M real worksheets. Since we are the first to introduce conditional formatting, we compare CORNET to a wide range of symbolic and neural baselines adapted from related domains. Our results show that CORNET accurately learns rules across varying evaluation setups. Additionally, we show that CORNET finds shorter rules than those that a user has written and discovers rules in spreadsheets that users have manually formatted.
A Study of an Isolation Table Using Horizontal Circular Arc Springs and Magnetic Damping (2005)

In this paper, a two dimensional isolation table using circular arc springs and a magnetic damper, which has a simple construction, low height and the capability of vibration isolation in every horizontal direction, is proposed. The isolation table is composed of eight circular arc springs, twelve free bears, a magnetic damper, a table board and a base board. It has approximately the same stiffness and damping coefficient in every direction in the horizontal plane. The trial isolation table was made and its resisting force characteristics were discussed theoretically and experimentally. The seismic responses and the frequency responses of the table installed a mass or a tower-like structure model were measured using an electrohydraulic-type shaking table. The experimental results were compared with the calculated results, and the effects of vibration suppression of the table were confirmed.
Native T1-mapping detects the location, extent and patterns of acute myocarditis without the need for gadolinium contrast agents (2014)

Native T1-mapping can display the typical non-ischemic patterns in acute myocarditis, similar to LGE imaging but without the need for contrast agents. In addition, T1-mapping offers significant incremental diagnostic value, detecting additional areas of myocardial involvement beyond T2W and LGE imaging and identified extra cases when these conventional methods failed to identify abnormalities. In the future, it may be possible to perform gadolinium-free CMR using cine and T1-mapping for tissue characterization and may be particularly useful for patients in whom gadolinium contrast is contraindicated.
Progressive axonal transport and synaptic protein changes correlate with behavioral and neuropathological abnormalities in the heterozygous Q175 KI mouse model of Huntington's disease (2014)

A long-term goal of modeling Huntington's disease (HD) is to recapitulate the cardinal features of the disease in mice that express both mutant and wild-type (WT) huntingtin (Htt), as HD commonly manifests as a heterozygous condition in humans, and loss of WT Htt is associated with loss-of-function. In a new heterozygous Q175 knock-in (KI) mouse model, we performed an extensive evaluation of motor and cognitive functional deficits, neuropathological and biochemical changes and levels of proteins involved in synaptic function, the cytoskeleton and axonal transport, at 1-16 months of age. Motor deficits were apparent at 6 months of age in Q175 KI mice and at that time, postmortem striatal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were elevated and mutant Htt inclusions were present throughout the brain. From 6 months of age, levels of proteins associated with synaptic function, including SNAP-25, Rab3A and PSD-95, and with axonal transport and microtubules, including KIF3A, dynein and dynactin, were altered in the striatum, motor cortex, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of Q175 KI mice, compared with WT levels. At 12-16 months of age, Q175 KI mice displayed motor and cognitive deficits, which were paralleled at postmortem by striatal atrophy, cortical thinning, degeneration of medium spiny neurons, dense mutant Htt inclusion formation, decreased striatal dopamine levels and loss of striatal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Data from this study indicate that the heterozygous Q175 KI mouse represents a realistic model for HD and also provides new insights into the specific and progressive synaptic, cytoskeletal and axonal transport protein abnormalities that may accompany the disease.
ENHANCEMENT OF LIPOSOMAL DRUG LOADING BY USING SUPERSATURATED DRUG SOLUTION (2019)

Liposomes are used for systemic delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to reduce their nonspecific side effects. Liposomes can encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs in the water compartment and the lipid membrane, respectively. However, typical drug loading capacity of liposomes by passive loading method is less than 1%. The low drug loading efficiency is problematic because it necessitates the use of a large amount of carrier materials that may cause undesirable biological effects. To increase drug loading in liposomes, weusedsupersaturated drug solutionswith gemcitabine (GEM) and doxorubicin (Dox) as examples. The prepared liposomes showed higher drug loading compared with passive loading, maintainedstabilityand provided sustained drug release for 48 hrs.
Initial results from the Pawnee Eddy Correlation system for dry acid-deposition research. Forest Service research paper (1988)

The Pawnee Grassland Eddy Correlation Dry Deposition Project is described. Instrumentation, methods of analysis, and initial data and research findings are presented. Data from this eddy correlation system show agreement with: previously observations of deposition velocities for atmospheric ozone, NO/sub 2/ and NOx; micrometeorological theory; micrometeorological site characteristics.
Model-based design of an agricultural biogas plant: application of Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 for an improved four chamber scheme (2007)

Different digestion technologies for various substrates are addressed by the generic process description of Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1. In the case of manure or agricultural wastes a priori knowledge about the substrate in terms of ADM1 compounds is lacking and influent characterisation becomes a major issue. The actual project has been initiated for promotion of biogas technology in agriculture and for expansion of profitability also to rather small capacity systems. In order to avoid costly individual planning and installation of each facility a standardised design approach needs to be elaborated. This intention pleads for bio kinetic modelling as a systematic tool for process design and optimisation. Cofermentation under field conditions was observed, quality data and flow data were recorded and mass flow balances were calculated. In the laboratory different substrates have been digested separately in parallel under specified conditions. A configuration of four ADM1 model reactors was set up. Model calibration identified disintegration rate, decay rates for sugar degraders and half saturation constant for sugar as the three most sensitive parameters showing values (except the latter) about one order of magnitude higher than default parameters. Finally, the model is applied to the comparison of different reactor configurations and volume partitions. Another optimisation objective is robustness and load flexibility, i.e. the same configuration should be adaptive to different load situations only by a simple recycle control in order to establish a standardised design.
A new procedure, free from human assessment that automatically grades some facial skin structural signs. Comparison with assessments by experts, using referential atlases of skin ageing (2019)

This automatic scoring system, still in development, seems offering a new quantitative approach in the quantified description of facial signs, independent from human vision, in many applications, being individual, cosmetic oriented or dermatological with regard to the follow-up of medical anti-ageing corrective strategies.
Experimental violation of Bell's inequality for temporal orders (2019)

Entanglement is a prediction of quantum mechanics that suggests that our physical laws cannot be described by a local causal model. This has led to much debate, including Einstein's famous suggestion that quantum mechanics is an incomplete theory, and we may one day discover a deeper theory that can be described by a locally causal model. However, loophole free violations of Bell inequalities demonstrate that this is not the case. Bell's theorem is independent of quantum mechanics, and it shows that any theory attempting to supplant quantum mechanics must be somehow nonlocal. Since then, there have been many experimental violations of Bell inequalities using different physical systems, culminating in three loophole-free experiments [1-3].
Encoding hierarchical assembly pathways of proteins with DNA (2021)

The structural and functional diversity of materials in nature depends on the controlled assembly of discrete building blocks into complex architectures via specific, multistep, hierarchical assembly pathways. Achieving similar complexity in synthetic materials through hierarchical assembly is challenging due to difficulties with defining multiple recognition areas on synthetic building blocks and controlling the sequence through which those recognition sites direct assembly. Here, we show that we can exploit the chemical anisotropy of proteins and the programmability of DNA ligands to deliberately control the hierarchical assembly of protein-DNA materials. Through DNA sequence design, we introduce orthogonal DNA interactions with disparate interaction strengths ("strong" and "weak") onto specific geometric regions of a model protein, stable protein 1 (Sp1). We show that the spatial encoding of DNA ligands leads to highly directional assembly via strong interactions and that, by design, the first stage of assembly increases the multivalency of weak DNA-DNA interactions that give rise to an emergent second stage of assembly. Furthermore, we demonstrate that judicious DNA design not only directs assembly along a given pathway but can also direct distinct structural outcomes from a single pathway. This combination of protein surface and DNA sequence design allows us to encode the structural and chemical information necessary into building blocks to program their multistep hierarchical assembly. Our findings represent a strategy for controlling the hierarchical assembly of proteins to realize a diverse set of protein-DNA materials by design.
31.3 A 0.14mm2 16MHz CMOS RC Frequency Reference with a 1-Point Trimmed Inaccuracy of ±400ppm from -45°C to 85°C (2021)

Recently, rapid strides have been made in improving the accuracy of RC-based frequency references [1-3]. Inaccuracies better than ±500ppm from -45°C to 85°C have been achieved, but typically at the expense of a costly and time-consuming 2-point trim to compensate for RC spread and temperature dependence. This paper describes a 16MHz RC-based frequency reference that achieves ±400ppm inaccuracy over the industrial temperature range with a single room-temperature (RT) trim. The prototype draws 88μA from a 1.8V supply and occupies 0.14mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which represents a 2× improvement in both power and area compared to the state of the art [2].
White Paper: Recommendations on the Conduct of Superiority and Organism-Specific Clinical Trials of Antibacterial Agents for the Treatment of Infections Caused by Drug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens (2012)

There is a critical need for new pathways to develop antibacterial agents to treat life-threatening infections caused by highly resistant bacteria. Traditionally, antibacterial agents have been studied in noninferiority clinical trials that focus on one site of infection (eg, pneumonia, intra-abdominal infection). Conduct of superiority trials for infections caused by highly antibiotic-resistant bacteria represents a new, and as yet, untested paradigm for antibacterial drug development. We sought to define feasible trial designs of antibacterial agents that could enable conduct of superiority and organism-specific clinical trials. These recommendations are the results of several years of active dialogue among the white paper's drafters as well as external collaborators and regulatory officials. Our goal is to facilitate conduct of new types of antibacterial clinical trials to enable development and ultimately approval of critically needed new antibacterial agents.
Phase transitions in nematics: textures with tactoids and disclinations (2020)

We demonstrate that a first order isotropic-to-nematic phase transition in liquid crystals can be succesfully modeled within the generalized Landau-de Gennes theory by selecting an appropriate combination of elastic constants. The numerical simulations of the model established in this paper qualitatively reproduce the experimentally observed configurations that include interfaces and topological defects in the nematic phase.
Magnetic Behavior of Fe Doped In2O3 (2005)

We report spin-glass transition at room temperature (RT) and cluster-glass behavior below RT for Fe doped In 2 O 3 powders with the atomic ratio of In : Fe = 1.85 : 0.15 grown in an oxygen atmosphere. In ac susceptibility, a large peak and a small cusp were observed at RT and ≈30 K, respectively. The peak at RT shifted to higher temperatures with an increase of applied field frequency, while the cusp showed no frequency dependence. Third harmonic nonlinear susceptibility exhibited a divergent peak at RT. Field-cooled dc susceptibility increased almost linearly below RT, whereas zero-field-cooled dc susceptibility deviated below the field-cooled one with lowering temperature.
PORTIA: Privacy, Obligations, and Rights in Technologies of Information Assessment. (2004)

Increasing use of computers and networks in business, government, recreation, and almost all aspects of daily life has led to a proliferation of sensitive data about people and organizations. Without proper precautions, these sensitive data can be misused, misinterpreted, or mismanaged. The PORTIA project aims to develop a comprehensive, end-to-end technological infrastructure for handling sensitive data over the entire course of their lifetime. 1
Imaging plant cell death: GFP-Nit1 aggregation marks an early step of wound and herbicide induced cell death (2005)

Our observations place aggregation of Nitrilase 1 as one of the earliest events associated with wound and herbicide-induced cell death and highlight several novel cellular events that occur as plant cells die. Our data create a detailed descriptive framework for future investigations of plant cell death and provide new tools for both its cellular and biochemical analysis.
Symbol error rate analysis of transmit beamforming systems under delayed and limited feedback (2014)

The symbol error rate (SER) analysis of a transmit beamforming system is investigated under delayed and limited feedback. Using the Lauricella hypergeometric series, the exact closed‐form expressions of the transmit beamforming for SER with M ‐ary phase shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation is derived under the delayed and limited feedback.
ChemInform Abstract: Site Isolation and Phase Cooperation: Two Important Concepts in Selective Oxidation Catalysis: A Retrospective (2014)

Abstract Review: 101 refs.