gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bitext Dependency Parsing With Auto-Generated Bilingual Treebank (2011)

This paper proposes a method to improve the accuracy of bilingual texts (bitexts) dependency parsing by using an auto-generated bilingual treebank created with the help of statistical machine translation (SMT) systems. Previous bitext parsing methods use human-annotated bilingual treebanks that are costly and troublesome to obtain. In the proposed method, we use an auto-generated bilingual treebank to train the parsing models. First, an SMT system is used to translate a monolingual treebank into the target language; then, a monolingual parser for the target language is used to parse the translated sentences. Since the auto-translated sentences and auto-parsed trees in the auto-generated bilingual treebank are far from perfect, the bilingual constraints are not sufficiently reliable. To overcome this problem, we propose a method to verify the reliability of the constraints using a large amount of target monolingual and bilingual unannotated data. Finally, we design a set of effective bilingual features for parsing models on the basis of the verified constraints. We conduct the experiments using a standard test data. The experimental results show that our bitext parser significantly outperforms monolingual parsers. Moreover, our method is still able to provide improvement when we use a larger monolingual treebank containing over 50 000 sentences. We also test the proposed method with different SMT systems and the results show that our method is very robust to the noise. In particular, the proposed method can be used in a purely monolingual setting with the help of SMT. That is, it does not need the human translation of the test set as previous methods do.
Localization of the Hemochromatosis Disease Gene: Linkage Disequilibrium Analysis Using an American Patient Collection (1996)

The genetic basis of idiopathic hemochromatosis, a common disorder of iron metabolism, has remained an enigma for over two decades. In an attempt to refine the chromosomal localization of this gene, we have conducted a linkage disequilibrium mapping study utilizing a large group of unrelated American patients. The 12 microsatellites used as genetic markers in this analysis include a series of recently described polymorphic dinucleotide (D6S1558, D6S1545 and D6S1554) and tetranucleotide (D6S1016 and D6S1281) repeats which map between D6S105 and D6S299. Haplotype reconstructions indicate that a core genotype, composed of D6S464 allele 3/D6S1260 allele 4/D6S1558 allele 5, exists on a majority of disease chromosomes. Stringent statistical measures of marker-disease disequilibrium suggest that only associations with D6S1260 are significant and furthermore, aid in the assignment of refined centromeric and telomeric limits for the likely location of the hemochromatosis gene. In summary, the genetic data presented in this report predict that the hemochromatosis locus resides between D6S464 and D6S1558, most likely very close to marker D6S1260. Because a single yeast artificial chromosome clone contains all three of the above loci, a thorough search for coding sequences in this region is likely to identify the gene mutated in this common disorder.
Reactivity of Dinuclear Rhodium(I) Macrocycles Formed via the Weak-Link Approach (2008)

The reaction of a macrocyclic Rh(I) complex having hemilabile PO ligands with Cl− results in Rh−O bond breakage and yields a Cl-bridged tetranuclear Rh(I) complex, which was characterized by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Reactivity of the complex with CO and halide abstracting agents is described.
Preferential use of the VH4 Ig gene family by diffuse large-cell lymphoma (1995)

Ig heavy chain variable region (VH) genes expressed by human diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLC) and follicular lymphoma (FL) were identified and analyzed with respect to germline gene families. In 67 cases of FL, VH region genes were expressed in a pattern similar to that of normal B cells, with a predominance of the large VH3 gene family being used. In contrast, of the 17 cases of DLC, there was an extremely biased use of VH genes. Of these DLC tumors, 88% expressed genes from the small VH4 gene family; and even among these tumors, there was a limited use of genes, with 11 cases producing Igs derived from the VH4.21 germline gene. Although most of the VH genes expressed by DLC tumor cells contained mutations with respect to their germline counterparts, almost all of these mutations occurred before the clonal expansion of the tumor. This contrasts with our previous findings of ongoing mutations in FL and represents a fundamental difference between these two malignancies. This preferential gene use implies an important role for the VH4 gene family, and specifically for VH4.21, in the genesis of DLC.
Continuous wave InGaAsP/InP Fabry-Perot lasers on silicon (2008)

We present 1.55 mum InGaAsP/InP Fabry-Perot lasers on silicon realized by a die-to-wafer CMOS compatible SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> bonding process. The devices run under continuous wave operation at room temperature with a maximal output power of 4 mW and a threshold current of 108 mA at 15degC.
A 40MHz 308Kb CCD video memory (1984)

This report will describe a 34.8mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> serial digital field store chip dissipating 350mW and fabricated in a 2μm NMOS modified with one extra mask. Programmable I/O control and 20ms refresh time provide application flexibility.
Contrast Sensitivity and Stereoacuity in Successfully Treated Refractive Amblyopia (2022)

Full recovery of visual acuity following treatment for refractive amblyopia does not equalize interocular contrast sensitivity or restore normal stereopsis. Alternative therapeutic approaches that target contrast sensitivity and/or binocular vision are required.
Supplementary Table 5 from Impact of Screening Test Performance and Cost on Mortality Reduction and Cost-effectiveness of Multimodal Ovarian Cancer Screening (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file - 24K, Model behavior using extreme boundry conditions for key input parameters&lt;/p&gt;
A broadband metamaterial absorbing panel with a resistive pattern made of ink with graphene nanoplatelets (2013)

A novel type of an absorbing panel made of a cross-like resistive pattern, with a pitch much smaller than an operating wavelength, deposited on a dielectric spacer covering a conducting surface, is proposed in this paper. An appropriate choice of the shape and resistance per square of the pattern allows extending an absorbing spectrum up to an octave, which is very competitive over alternative solutions, similar in shape, but made of metallic patterns. The pattern is made of a printing ink with graphene nanoplatelets, what makes the mixture conducting at a low volume fraction of inclusions.
Fractional Bit Encoded Spatial Modulation (FBE-SM) (2010)

International audience
Engineering Aspects of a Kinestatic Charge Detector (1995)

The engineering aspects of a nine-channel digital radiographic system developed for bioimaging research, based on high gas pressure ionography and kinestatic principles, are presented. The research imaging system uses a pulsed x-ray beam which allows one to study simultaneously the ionic signal characteristics at 10 different ionization sites along the drift axis. This research imaging detector system allows one to investigate methods to improve the detection and image quality parameters as part of the development of a large scale prototype medical imaging system.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Reactions in Organic Synthesis. Part 10. Cobalt‐Mediated Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nitridized InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots for optical communication wavelength (2005)

A technique to grow InAs quantum dot (QD) to extend the emission wavelength into optical communication range has been developed. We performed nitridation after growing InAs QDs by molecular-beam epitaxy. The nitridized InAs QDs show a remarkable red shift of the photoluminescence peak. We have confirmed a 1.3/spl mu/m emission peak at room temperature.
Internal model control design for linear parameter varying systems (2013)

In this paper, we address the design of internal model controllers (IMC) for linear parameter varying (LPV) systems. The design method presented here integrates the IMC and low-pass filter design problems. To this purpose, we formulate the design problem as a linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization problem by imposing a constraint on the structure of the Lyapunov matrices involved to guarantee robust stability and performance of the closed-loop system. The LMI-based design procedure eventually provides the parameter-dependent state-space matrices corresponding to the IMC controller. Finally, simulation results obtained from a nonlinear system modeled in LPV framework demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method, where we illustrate the improvements achieved by using the LMI-based IMC design over baseline IMC controllers amended with low-pass filters of different bandwidths.
Rapid single-flux-quantum dual-rail logic for asynchronous circuits (1997)

Dual-rail logic circuit elements based on rapid single-flux-quantum (RSFQ) technology have been designed and simulated. The proposed circuits can operate asynchronously, since dual-rail data include timing information in themselves. Therefore dual-rail logic scheme has a possibility of solving some problems of RSFQ circuits with flow clocking, which would become more serious as operating speed and complexity of the circuit increase. Implementation of RSFQ dual-rail AND and XOR cells is described. A scheme of transfer-ring data from a flow-clocked circuit to a parallel dual-rail circuit is also proposed, which a fully asynchronous dual-rail demultiplexer.
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Strong Imbalance of Good and Bad Immunological Cops in the Tumor Microenvironment (2018)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal cancers with very few available treatments. For many decades, gemcitabine was the only treatment for patients with PDAC. A recent attempt to improve patient survival by combining this chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX and nab-paclitaxel failed and instead resulted in increased toxicity. Novel therapies are urgently required to improve PDAC patient survival. New treatments in other cancers such as melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and renal cancer have emerged, based on immunotherapy targeting the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 or programmed death 1 ligand. However, the first clinical trials using such immune checkpoint inhibitors in PDAC have had limited success. Resistance to immunotherapy in PDAC remains unclear but could be due to tissue components (cancer-associated fibroblasts, desmoplasia, hypoxia) and to the imbalance between immunosuppressive and effector immune populations in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we analyzed the presence of "good and bad immunological cops" in PDAC and discussed the significance of changes in their balance.
Improving the Efficiency∕Cost Ratio by Increasing the Tolerance of your Fresnel System (2010)

In order to achieve competitive system costs in mass‐production, it is essential that CPV concentrators incorporate sufficient manufacturing tolerances. This paper presents an advanced concentrator optic comprising a Fresnel lens and a refractive secondary element that produce simultaneously the light concentration with high tolerance (high acceptance angle) and an excellent light homogenization by Köhler integration. This concentrator compares well with conventional Fresnel‐based CPV concentrators.
Nucleophile Labeling of Cysteine and Serine Protease Substrates (1996)

Dipeptides containing fluorescein or biotin have been incorporated into proteolytic substrate cleavage products of bovine serum albumin generated by human cathepsin S or neutrophil elastase and into a fragment of the 31-kDa interleukin 1beta precursor by human interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme. Incorporation of the nucleophile is blocked by prior inhibition of the enzymes, and is not seen when proteolysis occurs in the absence of label, and the protease is then inhibited before the addition of label. Labeling is dependent on the pH, the time of reaction, and the concentrations of the nucleophile and substrate. Labeling of proteins can be readily detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The pattern of elastase-labeled bovine serum albumin bands differs among P1' Phe, Ala, and Gly, suggesting that nucleophilic attack on acyl enzyme intermediates derived from a large protein may differ from attack on small intermediates. The only observed labeled fragment catalyzed by interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme is fragment 28-116 from the interleukin 1beta precursor, suggesting that the cleavage between residues 27 and 28 is at least as efficient as between residues 116 and 117. This labeling method does not require organic solvent or nonphysiological pH values and thus may be useful for the discovery of novel protease substrates in cells or other in vivo systems or for diagnostic applications.
Comparison ofin vitroandin vivoclastogenic potency based on benchmark dose analysis of flow cytometric micronucleus data (2015)

The application of flow cytometry as a scoring platform for both in vivo and in vitro micronucleus (MN) studies has enabled the efficient generation of high quality datasets suitable for comprehensive assessment of dose-response. Using this information, it is possible to obtain precise estimates of the clastogenic potency of chemicals. We illustrate this by estimating the in vivo and the in vitro potencies of seven model clastogenic agents (melphalan, chlorambucil, thiotepa, 1,3-propane sultone, hydroxyurea, azathioprine and methyl methanesulfonate) by deriving BMDs using freely available BMD software (PROAST). After exposing male rats for 3 days with up to nine dose levels of each individual chemical, peripheral blood samples were collected on Day 4. These chemicals were also evaluated for in vitro MN induction by treating TK6 cells with up to 20 concentrations in quadruplicate. In vitro MN frequencies were determined via flow cytometry using a 96-well plate autosampler. The estimated in vitro and in vivo BMDs were found to correlate to each other. The correlation showed considerable scatter, as may be expected given the complexity of the whole animal model versus the simplicity of the cell culture system. Even so, the existence of the correlation suggests that information on the clastogenic potency of a compound can be derived from either whole animal studies or cell culture-based models of chromosomal damage. We also show that the choice of the benchmark response, i.e. the effect size associated with the BMD, is not essential in establishing the correlation between both systems. Our results support the concept that datasets derived from comprehensive genotoxicity studies can provide quantitative dose-response metrics. Such investigational studies, when supported by additional data, might then contribute directly to product safety investigations, regulatory decision-making and human risk assessment.
The molecular mechanism of osteoclastogenesis: ODF/RANKL-dependent and independent pathways (2001)

We discuss the presence of anti-keratin antibodies (AKA) of the IgG class in patients with defined juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). An indirect immunofluorescence test and rat oesophagus substrate was used for the detection and quantification of AKA antibodies in patients sera. Overall 33/60 patients with JIA had sera positive for AKA (55 %, P = 0,0001) ranging from 1:10 to 1:160 dilutions. Following idiopathic arthritis of childhood classification criteria AKA occurred in 2/7 patients with systemic disease (28,6 %), in 13/30 patients with RF negative polyarthritis (43,3 %, P = 0,008) and in 15/18 RF positive polyarthritis (83,3 %, P = 0,000002). AKA were also found in a small cohort of patients with oligoarthritis (1/3) and psoriatic arthritis (2/2). AKA positivity occurred in 3/26 healthy controls at a 1:20 dilution. The presence of AKA was correlated as well as with the severity of the disease. Our study revealed that AKA was present overall in 18/29 patients (62%) with severe JIA and in 12/26 patients (46,2 %) with non-severe disease, however this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0,18). We also observed that AKA remained positive regardless of disease activity. AKA were detectable in 55,6 % patients with active JIA and in 48,6 % patients in the complete or near remission.
Toward the behavioral assessment of biological aging in the laboratory mouse: Concepts, terminology, and objectives (1983)

The thesis is presented that much of the controversy and confusion concerning the measurement of biological aging stems from the lack of agreement on clearly defined objectives, constructs, and methods to validate measures. To alleviate some of the confusion, basic terminology borrowed from psychometrics is offered to provide a conceptual framework within which such issues can be discussed. This psychometric nomenclature is subsequently applied to the development and evaluation of a test battery designed to assess biological aging in laboratory mice at a behavioral level of analysis. Reference is made to the assessment of reliability, content validity, construct validity, and predictive validity of tests of biological aging.
Contributions of adipose tissue architectural and tensile properties toward defining healthy and unhealthy obesity (2013)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the maintenance of white adipose tissue (WAT) architecture and function, and proper ECM remodeling is critical to support WAT malleability to accommodate changes in energy storage needs. Obesity and adipocyte hypertrophy place a strain on the ECM remodeling machinery, which may promote disordered ECM and altered tissue integrity and could promote proinflammatory and cell stress signals. To explore these questions, new methods were developed to quantify omental and subcutaneous WAT tensile strength and WAT collagen content by three-dimensional confocal imaging, using collagen VI knockout mice as a methods validation tool. These methods, combined with comprehensive measurement of WAT ECM proteolytic enzymes, transcript, and blood analyte analyses, were used to identify unique pathophenotypes of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese women, using multivariate statistical modeling and univariate comparisons with weight-matched healthy obese individuals. In addition to the expected differences in inflammation and glycemic control, approximately 20 ECM-related factors, including omental tensile strength, collagen, and enzyme transcripts, helped discriminate metabolically compromised obesity. This is consistent with the hypothesis that WAT ECM physiology is intimately linked to metabolic health in obese humans, and the studies provide new tools to explore this relationship.
T-cell receptor peptide therapy in EAE and MS. (1993)

Synthetic peptides corresponding to germline TCR V beta 8.2 sequences overexpressed by Lewis rat encephalitogenic T cells are effective in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In evaluating optimal conditions for identifying disease-relevant target V beta genes, we found that the biased expression of V beta 8.2 was most pronounced in the CNS among activated, IL-2 responsive T cells, but was weakly reflected in the cerebrospinal fluid. Evaluation of basic protein reactive T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis revealed biased expression of V beta 5.2 and to a lesser degree, V beta 6.1. Treatment of 11 MS patients with synthetic TCR V beta 5.2 and V beta 6.1 CDR2 peptides boosted the frequency of anti-TCR reactive T cells in a majority of patients, without compromising recall immunity or causing side effects. TCR peptides may be useful in the treatment of human autoimmune diseases, providing that disease-relevant V genes can be identified.
Data from Evaluation of Novel Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Near-Infrared Imaging Agent for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery of Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;The ability to locate and remove all malignant lesions during radical prostatectomy leads not only to prevent biochemical recurrence (BCR) and possible side effects but also to improve the life expectancy of patients with prostate cancer. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) has emerged as a technique that uses fluorescence to highlight cancerous cells and guide surgeons to resect tumors in real time. Thus, development of tumor-specific near-infrared (NIR) agents that target biomarkers solely expressed on prostate cancer cells will enable to assess negative tumor margins and affected lymph nodes.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Because PSMA is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells in &gt;90% of the prostate cancer patient population, a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted NIR agent (OTL78) was designed and synthesized. Optical properties, &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; specificity, tumor-to-background ratio (TBR), accomplishment of negative surgical tumor margins using FGS, pharmacokinetics (PKs) properties, and preclinical toxicology of OTL78 were then evaluated in requisite models.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;OTL78 binds to PSMA-expressing cells with high affinity, concentrates selectively to PSMA-positive cancer tissues, and clears rapidly from healthy tissues with a half-time of 17 minutes. It also exhibits an excellent TBR (5:1) as well as safety profile in animals.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;OTL78 is an excellent tumor-specific NIR agent for use in fluorescence-guided radical prostatectomy and FGS of other cancers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Effect of Liposomes on the Absorption of Water-soluble Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients via Oral Administration (2013)

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of liposomes on the absorption of water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients. Salbutamol sulfate (SBS) has been widely used for treatment of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma. Using SBS as the model drug in this study, we developed SBS-loaded liposomes for oral administration and explored the relationship between their bioavailability and anti-asthmatic efficacy. SBS was entrapped in liposomes with encapsulation efficiency as high as 70%. The in vitro transport profile of SBS across a dialysis membrane for liposome suspension was compared with that for free SBS solution. Oral administration of liposomes labeled with the fluorescent dye 1,1'-dioctadecyltetramethyl indotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR) in a mouse model was assessed by a small animal imaging system. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on SBS liposome suspension and free SBS solution were performed using animal models via oral administration. The results showed that liposomes could sustain the release of SBS in vitro and decrease the transport rate of SBS across the dialysis membrane. In vivo fluorescence imaging analysis demonstrated DiR liposome distribution in mouse stomach for at least 24 hr. The mean residence time of SBS from liposomes was found to be longer than that of free SBS, suggesting that the relative bioavailability of SBS was higher when liposome delivery was used. The pharmacokinetic data also showed that the drug absorption rate was relatively slower for treatment with liposomal SBS when compared to free SBS. Moreover, SBS liposome suspension was shown to give a prolonged anti-asthmatic effect after oral administration when compared to free SBS solution. Overall, this study demonstrated that use of liposomes as delivery vehicles for sustained drug release and controlled absorption could be a promising approach for improving the therapeutic potency of active pharmaceutical ingredients.