gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Smooth Muscle Cell-restricted KCNMB1 Ion Channel Subunit Is a Direct Transcriptional Target of Serum Response Factor and Myocardin (2009)

Large conductance calcium-activated potassium (MaxiK) channels play a pivotal role in maintaining normal arterial tone by regulating the excitation-contraction coupling process. MaxiK channels comprise alpha and beta subunits encoded by Kcnma and the cell-restricted Kcnmb genes, respectively. Although the functionality of MaxiK channel subunits has been well studied, the molecular regulation of their transcription and modulation in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is incomplete. Using several model systems, we demonstrate down-regulation of Kcnmb1 mRNA upon SMC phenotypic modulation in vitro and in vivo. As part of a broad effort to define all functional CArG elements in the genome (i.e. the CArGome), we discovered two conserved CArG boxes located in the proximal promoter and first intron of the human KCNMB1 gene. Gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed serum response factor (SRF) binding to both CArG elements. A luciferase assay showed myocardin (MYOCD)-mediated transactivation of the KCNMB1 promoter in a CArG element-dependent manner. In vivo analysis of the human KCNMB1 promoter disclosed activity in embryonic heart and aortic SMCs; mutation of both conserved CArG elements completely abolished in vivo promoter activity. Forced expression of MYOCD increased Kcnmb1 expression in a variety of rodent and human non-SMC lines with no effect on expression of the Kcnma1 subunit. Conversely, knockdown of Srf resulted in decreases of endogenous Kcnmb1. Functional studies demonstrated MYOCD-induced, iberiotoxin-sensitive potassium currents in porcine coronary SMCs. These results reveal the first ion channel subunit as a direct target of SRF-MYOCD transactivation, providing further insight into the role of MYOCD as a master regulator of the SMC contractile phenotype.
Functionalization of individual ultra-short single-walled carbon nanotubes (2006)

We report the functionalization of individual ultra-short (20–80 nm lengths) single-walled carbon nanotubes (US-tubes) via in situ Bingel cyclopropanation. Upon chemical reduction (K°/THF) of bundled US-tubes, the bundling forces are electrostatically overcome to yield single, negatively charged US-tubes in solution. These single US-tubes can then be functionalized with malonic acid bis-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopropyl) ester using Bingel chemistry (CBr4/DBU) to yield 4–5 adducts nm−1, as determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The derivatized US-tubes remain as individuals after functionalization and charge quenching. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and solid-state NMR spectroscopy confirmed covalent attachment of the adducts and indicated tight wrapping of the adduct arms about the US-tubes. The resulting debundled and derivatized US-tubes serve as a prototype single-molecule-like 'capsule' for the containment and delivery of medically-useful payloads.
Saving On-Line Privacy (2010)

With the increasing use of electronic media for our daily transactions, we widely distribute our personal information. Once released, controlling the dispersal of these information is virtually impossible. Privacy-enhancing technologies can help to minimize the amount of information that needs to be revealed in transactions, on the one hand, and to limit the dispersal, on the other hand. Unfortunately, these technologies are hardly used today. In this paper we aim to foster the adoption by providing a summary of what such technologies can achieve. We hope that by this, policy makers, system architects, and security practitioners will be able to employ privacy-enhancing technologies.
Optimal Coalition Structures in Cooperative Graph Games (2011)

Representation languages for coalitional games are a key research area in algorithmic game theory. There is an inherent tradeoff between how general a language is, allowing it to capture more elaborate games, and how hard it is computationally to optimize and solve such games. One prominent such language is the simple yet expressive Weighted Graph Games (WGGs) representation [14], which maintains knowledge about synergies between agents in the form of an edge weighted graph. We consider the problem of finding the optimal coalition structure in WGGs. The agents in such games are vertices in a graph, and the value of a coalition is the sum of the weights of the edges present between coalition members. The optimal coalition structure is a partition of the agents to coalitions, that maximizes the sum of utilities obtained by the coalitions. We show that finding the optimal coalition structure is not only hard for general graphs, but is also intractable for restricted families such as planar graphs which are amenable for many other combinatorial problems. We then provide algorithms with constant factor approximations for planar, minor-free and bounded degree graphs.
Development of novel wireless sensor for food quality detection (2015)

In this paper we present a wireless sensor for the monitoring of food quality. We integrate sensing capability into ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags through the relationship between the physical read-range and permittivity of the object we label with the RFID tags. Using the known variations of food permittivity as a function of time, we can detect the contamination time at which a food product becomes unacceptable for consumption based on the measurement of read-range with the as-designed sensing tags. This low-cost UHF RFID passive sensor was designed and experimentally tested on beef, pork, and cheese with the same storage conditions as in supermarkets. The agreement between the experimental and simulation results show the potential of this technique for practical application in food-quality tracking.
The Indian happiness wart in the development of photodynamic action (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Indian happiness wart in the development of photodynamic actionDouglas C. Neckers Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 8, 649Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 1987Published inissue 1 August 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ed064p649RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views317Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (6 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Saliency Prediction via Multi-Level Features and Deep Supervision for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2019)

This paper proposes a novel saliency prediction model for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Based on the convolutional neural network, the multi-level features are extracted and integrated to three attention maps, which are used to generate the predicted saliency map. The deep supervision on the attention maps is exploited to build connections between ground truths and the deep layers in the neural network during training. Furthermore, by performing the single-side clipping operation on the ground truths, our model is encouraged to enhance the capacity of better predicting the most salient regions in images. Experimental results on an ASD eye-tracking dataset demonstrate that our model achieves the better saliency prediction performance for children with ASD.
Design and Performance Evaluation of a 2.5-GSPS Digital Receiver (2005)

Today's very deep submicron IC technology enables high-performance analog and digital applications to be integrated on a single piece of silicon. For this effort, a design of 2.5 giga-sample per second (GSPS) receiver-on-a-chip (ROC) is presented. For our design, we take advantage of a compensation technique to reduce spurs and improve instantaneous dynamic range. A major goal is to produce a low-cost, small, and lightweight, and low-power ROC. Our design will cover a 1-GHz bandwidth (125 - 1125 MHz), and it will correctly process two simultaneous signals by detecting their frequency, pulsewidth (PW), and time of arrival (TOA). The single or dual signal, spur-free dynamic ranges and two signal instantaneous dynamic ranges of our design are high. The minimum frequency separation of two signals is 10 MHz (one channel width), and the maximum amplitude separation (dynamic range) of two signals is 18 dB with the second signal false alarm less than 1%.
On the Utilization of the Escape Phenomenon to Realize New Mass Detectors (2008)

In this work, we demonstrate the concept of a new type of mass sensor detector. The detector is designed to act as a switch that is triggered if the measured mass exceeds a threshold value. The basic idea of the proposed switch is based on utilizing the escape phenomenon that the nonlinear electrostatic force introduces to the dynamics of a capacitive microcantilever. The detector is excited electrostatically with a frequency near the primary or the sub-harmonics (twice the natural frequency) resonances a way from the instability frequency band (escape phenomenon). By absorbing a threshold mass of a target material, the natural frequency of the cantilever will change in a way that it starts to oscillate in the unstable zone and hence hits the substrate. This action could be utilized to activate, for example, an alarming system indicating that the measured material has exceeded the allowable threshold mass (concentration) value.
Abstract 1454: SMAD3 promotes expression and activity of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer (2023)

Abstract Overexpression of the androgen receptor (AR) is the primary cause of development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), although mechanisms upregulating AR transcription in this context are not well understood. Our RNA-seq analysis revealed AR as the top pathway altered after SMAD3 knockdown in prostate cancer cells. SMAD3 knockdown decreased levels of AR, AR-V7 and AR target gene transcripts, whereas SMAD4 or SMAD2 knockdown had little or no effect. ChIP-seq analysis showed that SMAD3 knockdown decreased global binding of AR to chromatin. Mechanistically, we show that SMAD3 binds to intron 3 of the AR gene to promote AR expression. Targeting these binding sites by CRISPRi reduced transcript levels of AR and AR targets. In addition, ~50% of AR or SMAD3 ChIP-seq peaks overlapped, and SMAD3 may also cooperate with or co-activate AR in terms of AR target expression. Functionally, AR re-expression in SMAD3-knockdown cells partially rescued AR target expression and cell growth defects. AR and SMAD3 mRNAs were upregulated in datasets of metastatic prostate cancer and CRPC compared with primary prostate cancer. This study suggests that SMAD3 could be targeted to downregulate AR expression and activity and as potential anti-prostate cancer therapy. Citation Format: Hee-Young Jeon, Majid Pornour, Hyunju Ryu, Sudeep Khadka, Rui Xu, Jihyun Jang, Deqiang Li, Hegang Chen, Arif Hussain, Ladan Fazli, Martin Gleave, Xuesen Dong, Qianben Wang, Christopher Barbieri, Jianfei Qi. SMAD3 promotes expression and activity of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1454.
Phosphorylation process induced by epidermal growth factor alters the oncogenic and cellular neu (NGL) gene products. (1988)

The rat neu oncogene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein, p185, that possesses tyrosine kinase activity. The p185 polypeptide exhibits structural similarity to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at both the deduced amino acid and nucleic acid level. However, the neu oncogene and the gene encoding the EGFR have been shown to reside on distinct chromosomes. Comparative analysis of the sequences of the normal neu cDNA and of the neu cDNA from neuroblastomas has revealed a single point mutation leading to a valine-to-glutamic acid substitution in the transmembrane anchoring domain. This mutation converts the neu gene to a transforming gene in rodents. In humans, the gene is called ERBB2 (also NGL and HER2), and amplification and over-expression of its products have been detected in certain tumors. The rat embryonal fibroblast cell line (Rat-1) appears to express both EGFR and cellular p185 polypeptides. We have found that EGF stimulates the phosphorylation of p185 in these cells at tyrosine as well as serine and threonine residues in a specific and dose-dependent manner. This activity occurs even though radiolabeled EGF cannot bind to immunopurified p185. The EGF effect is apparently unique since platelet-derived growth factor, insulin, and transforming growth factor beta all fail to phosphorylate p185 at tyrosine. The EGF-induced effect requires interaction of the EGFR and its cognate ligand because cell lines that lack EGFR cannot be shown to phosphorylate p185, even when exposed to large amounts of EGF. Oncogenic rodent p185 and the human p185 homologue ERBB2 that is overexpressed in human breast tumor cells also can be shown to become phosphorylated on tyrosine residues by the action of EGF. Collectively, these data demonstrate that EGF mediates phosphorylation of p185 at tyrosine as well as serine/threonine through cellular kinases by a receptor-specific mechanism.
Uncoupling of Proliferative Potential and Gain of Effector Function by CD8+ T Cells Responding to Self-Antigens (2002)

Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are capable of transporting self-antigens from peripheral tissues to secondary lymphoid organs where they are presented to potentially autoreactive CD8(+) T cells. In the absence of an inflammatory response, this results in immune tolerance. The presence of activated, antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells converts this tolerogenic encounter into an immunogenic one by promoting extensive proliferation of CD8(+) T cells and their development into effectors. Surprisingly, activation of APCs with an agonistic antibody specific for CD40 could not substitute for CD4(+) help in this task. Anti-CD40 induced recruitment of dendritic cells expressing high levels of B7 costimulatory molecules into the lymph nodes, which in turn, greatly enhanced activation and expansion of CD8(+) T cells. However, these activated CD8(+) cells did not demonstrate effector function. We conclude that proliferative potential and gain of effector function are separable events in the differentiation program of CD8(+) T cells.
JAHN-TELLER PHENOMENA IN SOLIDS (1998)

▪ Abstract Jahn-Teller phenomena encountered in oxides are reviewed briefly. High-spin Mn(III) in an octahedral site illustrates an ion with twofold orbitally degenerate σ-bonding orbitals having a quenched orbital angular momentum; octahedral V(III) and high-spin Co(II), as well as tetrahedral high-spin Ni(II), are examples of ions with threefold orbitally degenerate π-bonding orbitals that retain orbital angular momentum. Cooperative local deformations that are static give rise, below a transition temperature T t , to a lowering of the lattice symmetry, anisotropic interactions, and the possibility of a ferromagnetism that is oriented in opposition to a magnetic field applied on cooling through the transition. Dynamic local deformations can influence the physical properties of a solid in a variety of ways. Of special interest is the influence of dynamic deformations at a cross-over from localized to itinerant electronic behavior in a mixed-valent system.
Intrinsically fluorescent silica nanocontainers: a promising theranostic platform (2013)

A large decrease in the side effects of a drug can be obtained if it is efficiently delivered in a timely manner and in the needed location only. By combining therapeutic and diagnostic (theranostic) functionalities with targeting capabilities and large surface areas, nanoparticles provide an ideal vehicle for personalized medicine. The main objective of our work is to develop hybrid Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs) for theranostics, carrying fluorescent beacons for traceability and imaging, featuring a smart release control mechanism, able to accommodate large drug loads and to deliver their cargo on demand to a desired location. This communication focus on the preparation of the fluorescent MSNs, and characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning fluorescence confocal microscopy (LSFCM). Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs) with well-defined and controllable particle morphology are exceptional supports/nanocontainers for molecules and polymers.This class of materials are characterized by an ordered pore system of 2-8nm diameter, pore volumes above 1mL/g and particle size from 40nm to several hundred nanometers. The preparation of fluorescent hybrid MSNs involves the presence of a fluorescent molecule during particle synthesis, which becomes aligned with the pores, thus impervious to aggregation and self-quenching effects. The MSNs external surface can be selectively functionalized to immobilize polymers or (bio)molecules for possible targeting or sensing, and the pore is available for solvent diffusion, allowing the incorporation of different molecules. We prepared monodispersed hybrid MSNs incorporating a fluorescent perylenediimide (PDI) derivative in the wall structure. The MSN-PDI were characterized by TEM (Figure 1), SEM and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. LSFCM images of the MSN-PDI after incubation in HEK293 cells show the internalization of the nanoparticles (Figure 2). These new hybrid nanoparticles, after surface-functionalization with stimuli-responsive gate systems, open possibilities for the development of traceable drug delivery systems. This work was partially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT-Portugal) and COMPETE (FEDER) within projects PTDC/CTM/101627/2008 and PEst-OE/CTM/LA0024/2011. T.R. and F.F. also thank FCT for Ph.D. (SFRH/BD/64702/2009) and Pos-Doc (SFRH/BPD/64320/2009) grants.
Le Rôle des purines dans la modulation de la douleur au niveau spinal par la stimulation d'afférences non nociceptives (1990)

La stimulation des fibres afférentes non nociceptives est largement utilisée en clinique pour le traitement de la douleur, mais on ne connaît toujours pas les mécanismes qui en sont responsables. Nous présentons ici des résultats d'études électrophysiologiques in vivo, chez l'animal, suggérant l'implication des purines dans la médiation chimique de l'inhibition des neurones nociceptifs de la corne dorsale en réponse à l'application d'une vibration cutanée périphérique. Ce mécanisme purinergique pourrait représenter le substrat neuronal de l'analgésie observée chez l'humain à l'aide de traitements à la vibration, ce qui permet d'envisager des stratégies pour l'amélioration de l'efficacité de ce type de traitement.
Methods for Enhancement Layer Compression in Two-Layer Quality-Scalable Video Coding (2019)

Video communication applications are prevalent in our digital society. Smart phones and other mobile devices like tablet computers are equipped with both high-resolution displays and cameras, which allow digital video communication almost whenever and wherever desired. Leading-edge technologies from multiple fields like digital communications and digital signal processing jointly enable high quality video applications as we know it today. However, capabilities like processing power, energy supply, display size, or the supported video formats of the devices in the field are very heterogeneous. Moreover, also the network conditions may vary significantly. This challenge is tackled by scalable video coding, which creates bit stream layers of the same content but with different properties, denoted as base layer and enhancement layer. Depending on the network and receiver device capabilities, only the base layer or both layers may be transmitted and decoded. However, scalable video coding with the possibility for lossless reconstruction of individual pictures is not optimally supported by state-of-the-art approaches. Additionally, the specific scalability of the color resolution is not possible by the state of the art. Consequently, two scalable coding schemes that support these requirements are proposed in this thesis. The first scalable coding framework encodes the residual signal of the base layer in a lossless manner. Pixel-wise intra picture prediction is applied, that is efficient for lossless coding and retains the individual access to single pictures. The experimental results showed that there is no bit rate overhead for the scalable representation compared to state-of-the-art direct lossless coding with only one layer, when intra picture coding is considered. Exploiting temporal correlations by means of inter picture coding of the base layer allows to unite the advantages of both approaches, base layer video coding optimized for lossy compression and lossless enhancement layer coding. An extension of this approach supporting near-lossless coding is also presented in this thesis and outperforms the state of the art in most cases. The second enhancement layer codec proposed in this thesis allows to reconstruct the high-resolution color format when the base layer is compressed using a reduced color component resolution. Experiments showed that scalable coding can increase the average quality in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio by 1.82 dB compared to base layer coding only. Additionally, a novel metric to measure the artifact level originating from the reduced color component resolution is introduced in this context.
Estudio y caracterización del carbón vítreo poroso nanoestructurado (2013)

Se fabricaron estructuras jerárquicas de carbono poroso para su uso en supercapacitores, conteniendo macroporos y mesoporos, por medios que incluyen: i) molienda y cribado de carbón poroso monolítico, ii) síntesis por microemulsión inversa de microesferas porosas y iii) fabricación de carbón nanoestructurado macroporoso usando técnicas de modelo perdido. La resina precursora del carbón nanoestructurado es obtenida mediante la polimerización de resorcinol con formaldehído en medio básico, empleando un agente for-mador de mesoporos. Las resinas son posteriormente secadas y carbonizadas en atmósfera inerte para dar lugar a los carbones porosos nanoestructurados. Posteriormente se procedió a la caracterización electro-química por voltametría cíclica. El estudio de la estructura interna del material se realizó mediante la combinación de un haz de iones focalizados (FIB) y un microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM). Esto permitió realizar determinaciones cuantitativas y obtener información tales como: área superficial, volumen de poro, porosidad y conectividad entre poros. El proceso de molienda y cribado produce micropartículas con acceso completo a los nanoporos. Con los procesos de microemulsión inversa es posible preparar microesferas de carbón nanoestructurado, estas presentan un menor acceso a los nanoporos debido al colapso de la porosidad superficial. Fue posible combinar macroporos con meso y microporos usando el proceso de modelo perdido.