gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 14089: Phase Shift Microbubbles for the Treatment of Microvascular Obstruction (2021)

Introduction: Microvascular obstruction (MVO) following coronary intervention is a common problem associated with worse clinical outcome, and has no consistent therapy. We are developing a new technique termed sonoreperfusion (SRP), to restore microvascular patency. This entails the use of ultrasound (US) to cause microbubble (MB) cavitation to dissolve microthrombi; this MB cavitation creates shear stress, activates nitric oxide release, and results in thrombolysis. In this pilot study, to further optimize SRP, we have used Phase Shift Microbubbles (PSMBs) (Microvascular Therapeutics, Inc). Owing to their much smaller size relative to standard MBs (~400 nm vs 3 μm) and greater microthrombus penetration, we will test the hypothesis that PSMBs attain successful reperfusion of MVO, and ultimately, will provide more rapid SRP, in our model of MVO. Methods: MVO of the rat ( n =3) hindlimb was created by direct injection of microthrombi into the left femoral artery, followed by infusion of therapeutic PSMBs. Definity MBs (Lantheus Medical Imaging) were infused through the jugular vein for contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging (CEUS). A transducer was positioned vertically above the hindlimb for therapeutic US pulses during concomitant administration of PSMBs. CEUS cine loops with burst replenishment were obtained at baseline (BL), 10 min post MVO, and after each of the two SRP treatment sessions (TX1, TX2) and analyzed (MATLAB). Results: Fig. 1 depicts a typical example demonstrating successful creation of MVO and complete reperfusion after SRP treatment. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error. Blood volume (dB) at BL (15.3 ± 1.1), MVO (5.2 ± 1.3), TX1 (19.8 ± 2.4), TX2 (17.9 ± 1.8) and flow rate (dB/sec) at BL (2.7 ± 0.4), MVO (0.2 ± 0.1) TX1 (2.1 ± 0.5), TX2 (2.7 ± 0.4). Conclusions: US targeted PSMB cavitation causes successful rapid reperfusion of rat hindlimb following MVO. Studies to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with SRP of PSMBs are underway.
Applications of Layer-by-Layer Polymer Stereolithography for Three-Dimensional High-Frequency Components (2004)

A laser-based layer-by-layer additive process, stereolithography, is used to create truly three-dimensional (3-D) structures for high-frequency applications. High aspect-ratio complicated 3-D structures embedded inside of a layer-by-layer package are created by this process. Previously, Q's greater than 3000 and tolerances of /spl sim/0.19% have been achieved for embedded resonators. In this paper, more applications are demonstrated. Particular examples include the integration of a nonplanar monopole antenna coupled to a high-Q embedded cavity with only 0.26% shift in resonant frequency (19.37 GHz) and a slight 0.06% reduction in bandwidth compared to simulation. Stacked cavities and coupling sections within a substrate are also demonstrated to create vertically integrated filters. For 2% bandwidth two-pole filters, insertion losses as small as 0.27 dB are measured. Furthermore, a vertically integrated 1.2% four-pole filter is demonstrated with acceptable performance without tuning after fabrication. These applications illustrate that the laser-based stereolithography process is suitable for the integration of high-frequency and high-Q 3-D structures within a package.
Unusual instability mode of transparent all oxide thin film transistor under dynamic bias condition (2013)

We report a degradation behavior of fully transparent oxide thin film transistor under dynamic bias stress which is the condition similar to actual pixel switching operation in active matrix display. After the stress test, drain current increased while the threshold voltage was almost unchanged. We found that shortening of effective channel length is leading cause of increase in drain current. Electrons activate the neutral donor defects by colliding with them during short gate-on period. These ionized donors are stabilized during the subsequent gate-off period due to electron depletion. This local increase in doping density reduces the channel length.
Coded Excitation and Annular Arrays for High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging (2006)

High-frequency ultrasound (HFU) shows promises for with fine-resolution imaging. However, the limited depth of field (DOF) and penetration depth of HFU waves mitigates in significance for clinical evaluation. The aim of this study is to use modern annular transducer technology and coded excitation to simultaneously improve DOF and penetration depth. A 20-MHz, five-element annular array with a focal length of 18 mm and a total aperture of 6 mm was custom made using a 25-mum thick polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. The annular array was excited by a 8-mus coded signal to image a phantom made of seven regularly spaced 25-mum wire. The coded signal was a chirp linearly spanning the frequency range to 40 MHz. Results of this study demonstrate that the DOF can be improved by factor of 3 and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can improved by more than 24 dB with coded-excitation methodologies. The increased SNR offers the potential to increase the penetration depth when imaging in vivo
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOME 4-(5-ALKYL- OR 5-ARYL-2-FURFURYLIDENE-1 ,3 - DISUBSTITUTED-2-PYRAZOLIN-5-ONES. (2001)

Article SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOME 4-(5-ALKYL- OR 5-ARYL-2-FURFURYLIDENE-1 ,3 - DISUBSTITUTED-2-PYRAZOLIN-5-ONES. was published on October 1, 2001 in the journal Heterocyclic Communications (volume 7, issue 5).
Iterative Decomposition of Water and Fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least-Squares Estimation (IDEAL) Fast Spin-Echo Imaging of the Ankle: Initial Clinical Experience (2006)

IDEAL fast spin-echo imaging is a promising technique for MRI of the ankle.
Traps spectroscopy of the Si3Ni4 layer using localized charge-trapping nonvolatile memory device (2004)

A spectroscopy method is proposed and implemented for Si3Ni4 layer using the NROM® cell and the gate-induced-drain-leakage measurement. The proposed method allows probing of both electron and hole traps in the entire band gap with almost no fitting parameters. The energy levels of occupied charge traps are extracted following a thermionic emission model. It is found that the peak energy distribution of the electron traps is located ∼2.2eV below the nitride conduction band with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.16eV, while the peak energy distribution of the hole traps is located ∼1.5eV above the nitride valence band with a FWHM of 0.64eV. Based on these results, the retention loss of the NROM cell is successfully predicted over a wide range of temperatures and time scales.
134 B and myeloid cell populations dominate in the metastasis compared to primary tumors of patients with pancreatic cancer (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy with 5-year survival rate of only 11% for patients. To date, nominal data on the immune profile within metastatic PDAC of patients exists. Since most patients present with late-stage disease, defining the immunological landscape of metastatic disease could inform next-generation immunotherapy for PDAC patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Using a 37-marker mass cytometry panel, freshly digested tumor tissue from surgically resected primary (n=6) and untreated liver punch biopsy metastatic (n=10) PDAC samples were evaluated for various immune features at the single cell level. Stained samples were fixed, run on a Helios™ mass cytometer and analyzed via FlowJo and Cytobank software. <h3>Results</h3> Fewer CD45<sup>+</sup> cells were present in metastatic compared to primary PDAC tumors. CD19<sup>+</sup> B Cells (3.65% ± 5.19 of live cells) dominated among other immune populations in metastases. Yet these B cells appeared less activated in metastatic PDAC, signified by fewer B cells expressing HLA-DR<sup>+</sup> (57.67% ± 26.49 of CD19<sup>+</sup>) versus the primary cohort (84.95% ± 21.19 of CD19<sup>+</sup>). Primary samples had significantly more myeloid, NK and T cells (p=0.017, p&lt;0.01 and p=0.015, respectively) versus metastases. Moreover, primary tumors had significantly higher CD38<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD38<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells (consistent with an exhausted phenotype), while ICOS and TIGIT were elevated on T reg from primary vs. metastatic tumors. A survey of checkpoints revealed that LAG-3, TIGIT, and PD-1 were the most prevalent markers across both CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Further analysis revealed proliferative (Ki67<sup>+</sup>) CD11b<sup>+</sup> cells at both tumor sites. Metastatic sites had prevalent PMN-MDSC-like myeloid cells, but few M-MDSC-like myeloid cells. In-depth analysis of T cell populations revealed more CD4<sup>+</sup>Tbet<sup>+</sup> Th1-like cells in primary (37.83% ± 34.13 of CD4<sup>+</sup>) as compared to metastatic samples (12.34% ± 31.43 of CD4<sup>+</sup>). Antigen-exposed CD45RO<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> T cells (CD4<sup>+</sup>: 60% ± 33.28; CD8<sup>+</sup>: 44.17% ± 23.38) and TCF-1<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells (37.88% ± 33.27 of CD8<sup>+</sup>) were also predominant in primary samples. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data indicate for the first time that metastatic PDAC is dominated by B and myeloid cells. While T cells were more evident in primary tumors, these cells harbored phenotypic properties of exhaustion. This work lays the foundation for a detailed spatial investigation into primary and metastatic PDAC tumors and could identify actionable targets to improve immunotherapy for PDAC patients.
An electro-optic switch based on a multi-channel directional coupler (2010)

We describe a novel delta-k electro-optic switch for 1310 nm using a multi-channel directional coupler structure incorporating an organic electro-optic crystal for the cladding layer.
Insulin Treatment Improves Glucose-Induced Insulin Release in Rats With NIDDM Induced by Streptozocin (1987)

Insulin-deficient diabetes in humans, as well as in the neonatal streptozocin-induced rat model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), are associated with islet beta-cell insensitivity to glucose. We hypothesized that the chronic hyperglycemia-hypoinsulinemia pattern causes this impairment of the glucose influence on insulin secretion. This study was designed to determine whether the glucose defect could be counteracted by normalizing the diabetic state in rats with NIDDM after insulin therapy. Mixte lente insulin (5 U X kg-1 X day-1) was given daily at 1700 h over 24 h or 5 consecutive days. Insulin secretion was studied the morning after the last insulin injection with the isolated perfused pancreas preparation. Fed basal plasma glucose levels decreased in diabetic rats from 183 +/- 8 to 136 +/- 10 mg/dl after the 1-day insulin treatment and to 135 +/- 5 mg/dl after the 5-day insulin treatment (vs. 116 +/- 3 mg/dl in control rats). Pancreatic insulin stores were not affected by insulin therapy. Although the 1-day insulin treatment did not modify the lack of glucose response in the diabetic rats, the 5-day insulin treatment improved their glucose-induced insulin secretion. Moreover, insulin therapy improved the priming effect of glucose on a second stimulation with glucose. The return of this glucose effect was hardly detectable after the 1-day insulin therapy but was clearly present after the 5-day treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Compact Super-Junction MOSFET model considering the specific potential distribution due to 2-fold resistance (2013)

A compact Super-Junction MOSFET model is reported. The model describes all device performances based on the potential distribution calculated by solving the Poisson equation and the current continuity between channel and resistive drift region. The main focus is given on describing the resistance effect in the drift region, where the current flow is first parallel to the surface and then changes into the vertical direction to the bottom drain contact. It is demonstrated here that the accurate description of the resistance effect automatically leads to accurate I-V characteristics and also accurate capacitances, enabling accurate prediction of SJ-MOSFET circuit performances.
Copper nanoparticles on controlled pore glass (CPG) as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for “click reactions” (2020)

We herein report that supported copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) on commercially available controlled pore glass (CPG), which exhibit high mechanical, thermal and chemical stability as compared to other silica-based materials, serve as a useful heterogeneous catalyst system for 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions ("click" reactions) between terminal alkynes and organic azides under green chemistry conditions. The supported CuNPs-CPG catalyst exhibited a broad substrate scope and gave the corresponding triazole products in high yields. The CuNPs-CPG catalyst exhibit recyclability and could be reuced multiple times without contaminating the products with Cu.
Passive millimeter-wave holography enabled by optical up-conversion (2012)

We present a method for three-dimensional scene reconstruction in the millimeter-wave part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The millimeter waves captured by sparsely distributed antennas are up-converted to optical domain using electro-optic phase modulators. The modulation is a coherent process in that it preserves the phase information carried by the millimeter waves and encodes it in the phase of the optical carrier. In the optical domain, the signal is then transmitted using optical fibers to an optical cross-correlation engine where all pair-wise cross-correlation terms are measured. The 3D millimeter-wave representation of the scene is then reconstructed digitally from those crosscorrelation terms.
Enhanced per-carrier processing for MC-CDMA downlink (2004)

This paper presents an enhanced per-carrier receiver for multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) downlinks. Traditionally, channel equalization and despreading are considered separately in simple per-carrier MC-CDMA receivers. As will be shown, this approach with commonly deployed mean squared error (MSE) equalizer design results in drastic attenuation of the desired signal term, especially with moderate loadings and high-order modulations. To alleviate this effect, a more advanced reception scheme is developed providing clearly better performance than the traditional solutions, without any notable increase in the receiver complexity. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed approach in case of Rayleigh fading subchannels.
Reanalysing genomic data by normalized coverage values uncovers CNVs in bone marrow failure gene panels (2019)

Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs) are genetically heterogeneous disorders with cytopenia. Many IBMFSs also feature physical malformations and an increased risk of cancer. Point mutations can be identified in about half of patients. Copy number variation (CNVs) have been reported; however, the frequency and spectrum of CNVs are unknown. Unfortunately, current genome-wide methods have major limitations since they may miss small CNVs or may have low sensitivity due to low read depths. Herein, we aimed to determine whether reanalysis of NGS panel data by normalized coverage value could identify CNVs and characterize them. To address this aim, DNA from IBMFS patients was analyzed by a NGS panel assay of known IBMFS genes. After analysis for point mutations, heterozygous and homozygous CNVs were searched by normalized read coverage ratios and specific thresholds. Of the 258 tested patients, 91 were found to have pathogenic point variants. NGS sample data from 165 patients without pathogenic point mutations were re-analyzed for CNVs; 10 patients were found to have deletions. Diamond Blackfan anemia genes most commonly exhibited heterozygous deletions, and included <i>RPS19</i>, <i>RPL11</i>, and <i>RPL5</i>. A diagnosis of <i>GATA2</i>-related disorder was made in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome who was found to have a heterozygous <i>GATA2</i> deletion. Importantly, homozygous <i>FANCA</i> deletion were detected in a patient who could not be previously assigned a specific syndromic diagnosis. Lastly, we identified compound heterozygousity for deletions and pathogenic point variants in <i>RBM8A</i> and <i>PARN</i> genes. All deletions were validated by orthogonal methods. We conclude that careful analysis of normalized coverage values can detect CNVs in NGS panels and should be considered as a standard practice prior to do further investigations.
Erratum: Laser Experiments for Beginners, by Richard N. Zare, Bertrand Spencer, Dwight S. Springer, Matthew P. Jacobson, and F. Ross Hallett, Reviewer [ Am. J. Phys. 64(8), 1084–1085 1996)] (1996)

First Page
Effects of Applied DC Electric Field on Ligament Fibroblast Migration and Wound Healing (2007)

Applied electric fields (static and pulsing) are widely used in orthopedic practices to treat nonunions and spine fusions and have been shown to improve ligament healing in vivo. Few studies, however, have addressed the effect of electric fields (EFs) on ligament fibroblast migration and biosynthesis. In the current study, we applied static and pulsing direct current (DC) EFs to calf anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) fibroblasts. ACL fibroblasts demonstrated enhanced migration speed and perpendicular alignment to the applied EFs. The motility of ligament fibroblasts was further modulated on type I collagen. In addition, type I collagen expression increased in ACL fibroblasts after exposure to pulsing EFs. In vitro wound-healing studies showed inhibitory effects of static EFs, which were alleviated with a pulsing EF. Our results demonstrate that applied EFs augment ACL fibroblast migration and biosynthesis and provide potential mechanisms by which EFs may be used for enhancing ligament healing and repair.
Characterization of seven murine caspase family members (1997)

Seven members of the murine caspase (mCASP) family were cloned and functionally characterized by transient overexpression: mCASP-1 (mICE), mCASP-2 (Ich1), mCASP-3 (CPP32), mCASP-6 (Mch2), mCASP-7 (Mch3), mCASP-11 (TX) and mCASP-12. mCASP-11 is presumably the murine homolog of human CASP-4. Although mCASP-12 is related to human CASP-5 (ICErel-III), it is most probably a new CASP-1 family member. On the basis of sequence homology, the caspases can be divided into three subfamilies: first, mCASP-1, mCASP-11 and mCASP-12; second, mCASP-2; third, mCASP-3, mCASP-6 and mCASP-7. The tissue distribution of the CASP-1 subfamily transcripts is more restricted than that of the CASP-3 subfamily transcripts, suggesting that the transcriptional regulation of the CASP members within one subfamily is related, but is quite different between the CASP-1 and the CASP-3 subfamilies. Transient overexpression of each of the seven CASPs induced apoptosis in mammalian cells. Only two, mCASP-1 as well as mCASP-3, were able to process precursor interleukin (IL)-1beta to biologically active IL-1beta. In addition, mCASP-3 is the predominant PARP-cleaving enzyme in vivo.
BigBlueBot (2019)

Chatbots are becoming quite popular, with many brands developing conversational experiences using platforms such as IBM's Watson Assistant and Facebook Messenger. However, previous research reveals that users' expectations of what conversational agents can understand and do far outpace their actual technical capabilities. Our work seeks to bridge the gap between these expectations and reality by designing a fun learning experience with several goals: explaining how chatbots work by mapping utterances to a set of intents, teaching strategies for avoiding conversational breakdowns, and increasing desire to use chatbots by creating feelings of empathy toward them. Our experience, called BigBlueBot, consists of interactions with two chatbots in which breakdowns occur and the user (or chatbot) must recover using one or more repair strategies. In a Mechanical Turk evaluation (N=88), participants learned strategies for having successful human-agent interactions, reported feelings of empathy toward the chatbots, and expressed a desire to interact with chatbots in the future.
Platelet‐Rich Plasma: The PAW Classification System (2012)

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been the subject of hundreds of publications in recent years. Reports of its effects in tissue, both positive and negative, have generated great interest in the orthopaedic community. Protocols for PRP preparation vary widely between authors and are often not well documented in the literature, making results difficult to compare or replicate. A classification system is needed to more accurately compare protocols and results and effectively group studies together for meta-analysis. Although some classification systems have been proposed, no single system takes into account the multitude of variables that determine the efficacy of PRP. In this article we propose a simple method for organizing and comparing results in the literature. The PAW classification system is based on 3 components: (1) the absolute number of Platelets, (2) the manner in which platelet Activation occurs, and (3) the presence or absence of White cells. By analyzing these 3 variables, we are able to accurately compare publications.
Pratiques et méthodes de sondage (2011)

Depuis quelques annees, les enquetes par sondage ont pris de l'ampleur, les methodes n'ont cesse de se perfectionner. Cet ouvrage presente les developpements les plus recents de la theorie de l'echantillonnage et de l'estimation en populations finies, notamment dans le cas d'etudes repetees dans le temps.Trois domaines sont particulierement explores: les enquetes electorales, les enquetes dans le domaine de la sante et les enquetes dans les pays en developpement.
A Novel pH-Regulated, Unusual 603 bp Overlapping Protein Coding Gene pop Is Encoded Antisense to ompA in Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) (2020)

Antisense transcription is well known in bacteria. However, translation of antisense RNAs is typically not considered, as the implied overlapping coding at a DNA locus is assumed to be highly improbable. Therefore, such overlapping genes are systematically excluded in prokaryotic genome annotation. Here we report an exceptional 603 bp long open reading frame completely embedded in antisense to the gene of the outer membrane protein <i>ompA</i>. An active σ<sup>70</sup> promoter, transcription start site (TSS), Shine-Dalgarno motif and rho-independent terminator were experimentally validated, providing evidence that this open reading frame has all the structural features of a functional gene. Furthermore, ribosomal profiling revealed translation of the mRNA, the protein was detected in Western blots and a pH-dependent phenotype conferred by the protein was shown in competitive overexpression growth experiments of a translationally arrested mutant <i>versus</i> wild type. We designate this novel gene <i>pop</i> (pH-regulated overlapping protein-coding gene), thus adding another example to the growing list of overlapping, protein coding genes in bacteria.