gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sponge-like nickel phosphide–carbon nanotube hybrid electrodes for efficient hydrogen evolution over a wide pH range (2016)

Cost-effective hydrogen production via electrolysis of water requires efficient and durable earth-abundant catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) over a wide pH range. Herein, we report sponge-like nickel phosphide–carbon nanotube (Ni x P/CNT) hybrid electrodes that were prepared by facile cyclic voltammetric deposition of amorphous Ni x P catalysts onto the threedimensional (3D) porous CNT support. These compounds exhibit superior catalytic activity for sustained hydrogen evolution in acidic, neutral, and basic media. In particular, the Ni x P/CNT electrodes generate cathodic currents of 10 and 100 mA·cm−2 at overpotentials of 105 and 226 mV, respectively, in a 1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH = 6.5) with a Tafel slope of 100 mV·dec−1; the currents were stable for over 110 h without obvious decay. Our results suggest that the 3D porous CNT electrode supports could serve as a general platform for earth-abundant HER catalysts for the development of highly efficient electrodes for hydrogen production.
An unnatural base pair for efficient incorporation of nucleotide analogs into RNAs (2003)

An unnatural base, 2-amino-6-(2-thiazolyl)purine (denoted as v), was developed as an efficient complementary base of another unnatural base, 2-oxo(1H)pyridine (denoted as y). The nucleoside derivatives of v and DNA fragments containing v were chemically synthesized. The efficiency and selectivity of the v-y pairing in replication and transcription were examined and compared to those of a previously developed unnatural base pair between 2-amino-6-(2-thienyl)purine (s) and y. The nucleoside 5'-triphosphate of y (dyTP or yTP) was selectively and efficiently incorporated into DNA or RNA opposite v. The efficiency of the v-y pairing was much higher than that of the s-y pairing. The unnatural v-y pair could be useful for large-scale preparations of RNA molecules containing unnatural bases at desired positions for the expansion of the genetic alphabet.
Arthroscopic Latarjet: Suture-Button Fixation Is a Safe and Reliable Alternative to Screw Fixation (2019)

Level IV, therapeutic case series.
A Comprehensive Review of Topical Hemostatic Agents (2010)

Since ancient times we have attempted to facilitate hemostasis by application of topical agents. In the last decade, the number of different effective hemostatic agents has increased drastically. In order for the modern surgeon to successfully choose the right agent at the right time, it is essential to understand the mechanism of action, efficacy and possible adverse events as they relate to each agent. In this article we provide a comprehensive review of the most commonly used hemostatic agents, subcategorized as physical agents, absorbable agents, biologic agents, and synthetic agents. We also evaluate novel hemostatic dressings and their application in the current era. Furthermore, wholesale acquisition prices for hospitals in the United States are provided to aid in cost analysis. We conclude with an expert opinion on which agent to use under different scenarios.
Novel Quinolinylaminoisoquinoline Bioisosteres of Sorafenib as Selective RAF1 Kinase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Antiproliferative Activity against Melanoma Cell Line (2013)

Design and synthesis of a new series of quinolinylaminoisoquinoline derivatives as conformationally restricted bioisosteres of Sorafenib are described. Their in vitro antiproliferative activity against A375P melanoma cell line was tested. Compounds 1b, 1d, 1g, and 1j showed the highest potency against A375P cell line with IC50 values in sub-micromolar scale. In addition, compound 1d exerted high selectivity towards RAF1 serine/threonine kinase with 96.47% inhibition at 10 µM, and IC50 of 0.96 µM. This compound can possess antiproliferative activity against melanoma cells through inhibition of RAF1 kinase.
Quench monitoring and control system and method of operating same (2023)

A rotating machine comprising a superconductive coil and a temperature sensor operable to provide a signal representative of superconductive coil temperature. The rotating machine may comprise a control system communicatively coupled to the temperature sensor. The control system may be operable to reduce electric current in the superconductive coil when a signal representative of a defined superconducting coil temperature is received from the temperature sensor.
A MODEL-BASED SPLIT-AND-MERGE METHOD FOR CHARACTER STRING RECOGNITION (1994)

Recognition of handwritten character strings is a challenging problem, because we need to cope with variations of shapes and touching/breaking of characters at the same time. A natural approach to recognizing such complex objects is as follows: The object is decomposed into segments, and meaningful partial shapes (shapes which are recognized as some characters) are constructed by merging segments locally. Then, a globally consistent interpretation of the object is determined from the combination of partial shapes. This approach can be referred to as a model-based split-and-merge method. Based on this idea, we present an algorithm for recognition and segmentation of character strings. We give systematic performance statistics by experiments using handwritten numerals. This algorithm can be applied to character strings composed of any number of characters and any type of touching or breaking, whether the number of constituent characters is known or unknown.
Anti-angiogenic Effects of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on Endothelial Cells (2003)

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and is the only intravesical agent approved by the FDA for the treatment of interstitial cystitis. While it is known that DMSO has numerous biological effects on cell differentiation and alteration of cell-surface carbohydrate structures, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of DMSO has been not clear yet. Therefore, further investigation of DMSO in terms of inflammation therapy is needed. This study assessed the in vitro anti-angiogenic effects of DMSO on human aorta endothelial cells to clarify one of the mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory activity. DMSO did not affect expression of E-selectin on endothelial cells in the presence of TNF-alpha. Furthermore, DMSO effectively inhibited capillary tube formation; this mechanism would be due to suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) production. These results provide useful knowledge about the anti-inflammatory effects of DMSO and the regulatory mechanism of MMP-2.
High-Speed Tracking Servo Using Zero Phase Error Tracking-Feed-Forward Method for Professional-Use Optical Disks over 10000 rpm (2007)

We have realized a high-speed and precise tracking servo using a feed-forward control with the zero phase error tracking method (ZPET-FF control) on an optical disk at the disk rotation speed of 10800 rpm. To realize a high-data-transfer-rate recording of more than 200 Mbps over the entire disk area, the optical head must be controlled with an accuracy of better than 9 nm at the maximum rotation speed of about 10800 rpm for track following on a high-density optical disk. We performed high-speed tracking, and the experimental results show that the ZPET-FF control is more precise than feedback control. The residual tracking error is suppressed to 6.3 nm at a disk rotation speed of 10800 rpm on optical disk drives having an object lens with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.85 and media with a track pitch of 0.32 µm, such as the Blu-ray disc and broadcast-use optical disk.
Laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis and predictors of major complications: A retrospective cohort study (2019)

Complications following laparoscopic treatment of suspected endometriosis could not be predicted by preoperative patient characteristics or surgical findings of advanced endometriosis. Adhesiolysis, ureterolysis, and an increased number of total procedures may be predictive of perioperative complications, suggesting that surgical complexity as measured by the procedures performed, rather than the disease severity, may increase the risk of a complication compared with women who do not undergo these procedures.
Efficacy and Safety of Pafuramidine versus Pentamidine Maleate for Treatment of First Stage Sleeping Sickness in a Randomized, Comparator-Controlled, International Phase 3 Clinical Trial (2016)

The overall cure rate at 12 months was 89% in the pafuramidine group and 95% in the pentamidine group; pafuramidine was non-inferior to pentamidine as the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval did not exceed 15%. The safety profile of pafuramidine was superior to pentamidine; however, 3 patients in the pafuramidine group had glomerulonephritis or nephropathy approximately 8 weeks post-treatment. Two of these events were judged as possibly related to pafuramidine. Despite good tolerability observed in preceding studies, the development program for pafuramidine was discontinued due to delayed post-treatment toxicity.
Mitigating site effects in covariance for machine learning in neuroimaging data (2021)

To acquire larger samples for answering complex questions in neuroscience, researchers have increasingly turned to multi-site neuroimaging studies. However, these studies are hindered by differences in images acquired across multiple sites. These effects have been shown to bias comparison between sites, mask biologically meaningful associations, and even introduce spurious associations. To address this, the field has focused on harmonizing data by removing site-related effects in the mean and variance of measurements. Contemporaneously with the increase in popularity of multi-center imaging, the use of machine learning (ML) in neuroimaging has also become commonplace. These approaches have been shown to provide improved sensitivity, specificity, and power due to their modeling the joint relationship across measurements in the brain. In this work, we demonstrate that methods for removing site effects in mean and variance may not be sufficient for ML. This stems from the fact that such methods fail to address how correlations between measurements can vary across sites. Data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative is used to show that considerable differences in covariance exist across sites and that popular harmonization techniques do not address this issue. We then propose a novel harmonization method called Correcting Covariance Batch Effects (CovBat) that removes site effects in mean, variance, and covariance. We apply CovBat and show that within-site correlation matrices are successfully harmonized. Furthermore, we find that ML methods are unable to distinguish scanner manufacturer after our proposed harmonization is applied, and that the CovBat-harmonized data retain accurate prediction of disease group.
Discovery of Novel Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors: 4-[3-Aryl-2,2-dioxido-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-1(3H)-yl]-1-(methylamino)butan-2-ols (WYE-103231) (2010)

Structural modification of a virtual screening hit led to the identification of a new series of 4-[3-aryl-2,2-dioxido-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-1(3H)-yl]-1-(methylamino)butan-2-ols which are potent and selective inhibitors of the norepinephrine transporter over both the serotonin and dopamine transporters. One representative compound S-17b (WYE-103231) had low nanomolar hNET potency (IC(50) = 1.2 nM) and excellent selectivity for hNET over hSERT (>1600-fold) and hDAT (>600-fold). S-17b additionally had a good pharmacokinetic profile and demonstrated oral efficacy in rat models of ovariectomized-induced thermoregulatory dysfunction and morphine dependent flush as well as the hot plate and spinal nerve ligation (SNL) models of acute and neuropathic pain.
The Nucleus of the Solitary Tract: An Integrating Station for Nociceptive and Cardiorespiratory Afferents (2002)

Painful stimuli can evoke dramatic responses in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. We have assessed the role of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in mediating the reflex tachycardia that accompanies somatic nociception. We describe a major role for the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) as a site for integrating nociceptive and cardiorespiratory afferents. Since cardiorespiratory and nociceptive afferents terminate in the NTS, this nucleus offers a powerful opportunity for central modulation. We show that the NTS plays a major role in mediating the reflex tachycardia evoked by somatic noxious stimulation. Similar noxious stimulation attenuates the cardiac component of the peripheral chemoreceptor reflex and inhibits the peripheral chemoreceptor-evoked excitatory synaptic response of some NTS neurones. The functional interpretation we propose is that by depressing homeostatic reflexes at the NTS, noxious stimulation-evoked cardiorespiratory changes can be expressed and maintained, which may be essential for the survival of the animal.
A trimodal resonator for three mutually perpendicular magnetic fields (1999)

We describe a trimodal resonator for the simultaneous delivery of three perpendicular magnetic fields. The resonator consists of a shielded loop single-mode radio frequency (rf) resonator placed inside of a bimodal waveguide microwave resonator. The microwave modes are nondegenerate, tunable over a range of 100 MHz, and have typical Q factors of 150 and 200. The rf mode is tunable over a range of 125 MHz, and has a typical Q of 45. Control of the relative phase between the three fields is demonstrated. The resonator will be used to drive three magnetic dipole transitions coherently between Zeeman states in the ground state of Rb87.
Bubble columns for condensation at high concentrations of noncondensable gas: Heat‐transfer model and experiments (2012)

Carrier gas based thermodynamic cycles are common in water desalination applications. These cycles often require condensation of water vapor out of the carrier gas stream. As the carrier gas is most likely a noncondensable gas present in very high concentrations (60–95%), a large additional resistance to heat transfer is present. It is proposed to reduce the aforementioned thermal resistance by condensing the vapor–gas mixture in a column of cold liquid rather than on a cold surface using a bubble column heat exchanger. A theoretical predictive model for estimating the heat‐transfer rates and new experimental data to validate this model are described. The model is purely physics based without the need for any adjustable parameters, and it is shown to predict heat rates within 0 to −20% of the experimental values. The experiments demonstrate that heat‐transfer rates in the proposed device are up to an order magnitude higher than those achieved in existing state‐of‐the‐art dehumidifiers. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1780–1790, 2013
On the Use of the Smith-McMillan Form in Decoupling System Dynamics (2021)

In this paper, the use of the Smith-McMillan form in decoupling multiple-input multiple-output system dynamics is analyzed. In short, from a transfer matrix plant model one can obtain a decoupling compensator which leads to a decoupled plant that contains the same transmission poles and zeros of the transfer matrix of the original system. As a result, full decoupling of the plant transfer matrix is obtained for all frequencies, which can be individually addressed by single-input single-output control. The aim of this paper is to present conditions for the decoupled system that guarantee internal stability and performance requirements for the overall control system. Performance specifications are defined in terms of magnitude limits for the maximum singular value of the closed-loop transfer matrices. The potential of the decoupling procedure is shown in a simulation study of a mechanical system.
Digital Watermarking Using Clear Toner (2007)

It is often desirable to protect a document against unauthorized copying. This could be easily achieved by printing part of the image such that it can be readily observed by a human reader but not by a copier or scanner. An image can be printed using clear toner or ink so as to create a difference in reflected and diffused light that can be distinguished by a human reader who looks at the paper at an angle; however, this feature cannot be detected by copiers or scanners because they are restricted to reading at right angles to the page.In the printing industry, clear or white toners are often used to produce digital watermarks that cannot be copied or scanned but can be observed by a human reader. These methods need specifically matched paper and toners that have a considerable difference in gloss. It works with the combination of glossy toner on matte paper or matte toner on glossy paper. However, this approach does not work when glossy paper is used with a toner that provides images in the same gloss range. Such a combination is very common in the field of digital commercial printing.Several digital watermarking processes have been developed that embed a visually striking gloss image into one to four color images. In most cases, controlled angular dependence of image gloss is used to create visual differential gloss in the form of a digital watermark.Printing equipment with fifth imaging station allows for the production of digital watermarks with clear or low-pigmented toner. It provides a method to produce digital watermarks on paper without the limitations described above. This approach is not limited by the color or gloss properties of the toner, the substrate, and/or the selected fusing technology.This technology allows for the production of clear and visible watermarks using toners that produce an image of about the same gloss as the paper and image with the appropriate fusing technology.The additional clear toning station allows, as well, the addition of clear toner to areas of the digital watermarking process that alone cannot provide a sufficient digital watermarking effect in low-density and high-density areas.
Midrange wireless power transfer (2009)

At the turn of the twentieth century, Nikola Tesla devoted his extraordinary abilities to pioneering…
Sodium, Hydrogen exchange type 1 and bile ductular secretory activity in the guinea pig (2000)

Biliary epithelial cells (BECs) express different Na(+), H(+) exchange (NHE) isoforms. In this study, the potential role of NHE in ductular bile secretion is assessed. Experiments were performed in guinea pig perfused livers and isolated BECs. Inhibition of NHE was achieved by hypotonic stress and by using the unspecific NHE inhibitor, amiloride, or the specific NHE 1 inhibitor, cariporide (HOE 642). Hypotonic stress inhibited basal bile flow by 46% and prevented secretin stimulation of bile flow by reducing biliary bicarbonate output by 50%. Secretin increased bile flow from 3.7 +/- 0.8 microL/min/g to 4.78 microL/min/g (P <.01); subsequent exposure to hypotonic stress decreased secretin-stimulated bile flow by 35% and biliary bicarbonate secretion by approximately 50%. Inhibition of NHE by amiloride or cariporide resulted in a similar reduction of secretin-stimulated bile flow and bicarbonate secretion. Basal bile flow was unaffected by the NHE inhibitors. In isolated guinea pig BECs, regulatory volume decrease and inhibition of NHE was demonstrated after hypotonic stress under basal and secretin-stimulated conditions. In contrast, hypotonic exposure inhibited Cl(-), HCO(3)(-) exchange activity in isolated BECs only during basal conditions but incompletely after secretin stimulation. Our study shows that hypotonic stress inhibits basal bile flow in the guinea pig by inhibition of Cl(-), HCO(3)(-) exchange. NHE1 is not involved in basal bile formation. Increased choleresis after ductular stimulation by secretin depends on intact NHE1 activity. These data indicate that BEC volume changes have profound effects on biliary secretory function.
Discovery and Characterization of Novel Lignocellulose-Degrading Enzymes from the Porcupine Microbiome (2018)

Abstract Plant cell walls are comprised of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, collectively known as lignocellulose. Microorganisms degrade these components to liberate sugars to meet metabolic demands. Using a metagenomic sequencing approach, we previously demonstrated that the microbiome of the North American porcupine ( Erethizon dorsatum ) is replete with novel lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. Here, we report the identification, synthesis and partial characterization of four genes from the porcupine microbiome encoding putative novel lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, including a β-xylanase, endoxylanase, β-glucosidase, and an ⍺-L-arabinofuranosidase. These genes were identified via conserved catalytic domains associated with cellulose and hemicellulose degradation. We cloned the putative β-xylanase into the pET26b(+) plasmid, enabling inducible gene expression in Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and periplasmic localization. We demonstrated IPTG-inducible accumulation of β-xylanase protein but failed to detect xylobiose degrading activity in a reporter assay. Alternative assays may be required to measure activity of this putative β-xylanase. In this report, we describe how a synthetic metagenomic pipeline can be used to identify novel microbial lignocellulose-degrading enzymes and take initial steps to introduce a hemicellulose-degradation pathway into E. coli to enable biofuel production from wood pulp feedstock.
Titelbild: Platonic Gold Nanocrystals (Angew. Chem. 28/2004) (2004)

Platonischen Körpern gleichen die Formen von Goldnanokristallen, die nach einem modifizierten Polyolprozess in Gegenwart von Oberflächen regulierendem Poly(vinylpyrrolidon) erhalten werden. P. Yang und Mitarbeiter beschreiben in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 3759 ff., wie diese Polyeder durch die sorgfältige Steuerung der Wachstumsgeschwindigkeiten längs der verschiedenen kristallographischen Richtungen erzeugt werden. Im Zentrum des Titelbilds steht ein Modell des Astronomen Johannes Kepler aus dem 17. Jahrhundert: Zwischen benachbarten Planetenbahnen ist jeweils ein Platonischer Körper einbeschrieben.
Dynamic RF Combining for Multi-Antenna Ambient Energy Harvesting (2021)

Ambient radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH) technology is key to realize self-sustainable, always-on, low-power, massive Internet of Things networks. Typically, rigid (non-adaptable to channel fluctuations) multi-antenna receive architectures are proposed to support reliable EH operation. Herein, we introduce a dynamic RF combining architecture for ambient RF EH use cases, and exemplify the attainable performance gains via three simple phase shifts' exploration mechanisms, namely, brute force (BF), sequential testing (ST) and codebook based (CB). Among the proposed mechanisms, BF demands the highest power consumption, while CB requires the highest-resolution phase shifters, thus tipping the scales in favor of ST. Finally, we show that the performance gains of ST over a rigid RF combining scheme increase with the number of receive antennas and energy transmitters' deployment density.
Percolation Based Cluster State Generation by Photon-Mediated Entanglement (2018)

We present an architecture for creating large entangled cluster states for quantum computing and simulation with nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond within the experimentally demonstrated coherence time using percolation theory.
A Debugging Perspective on End-User Mashup Programming (2010)

In recent years, systems have emerged that enable end users to “mash” together existing web services to build new web sites. However, little is known about how well end users succeed at building such mashups, or what they do if they do not succeed at their first attempt. To help fill this gap, we took a fresh look, from a debugging perspective, at the approaches of end users as they attempted to create mashups. Our results reveal the end users' debugging strategies and strategy barriers, the gender differences between the debugging strategies males and females followed and the features they used, and finally how their debugging successes and difficulties interacted with their design behaviors.