gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Mutant Topoisomerase II.alpha. Present in VP-16-Resistant Human Melanoma Cell Lines Has a Deletion of Alanine 429 (1994)

The human melanoma cell line FEM-X was selected in multiple steps with VP-16 (etoposide) and an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (Campain et al., 1993). The resulting clones, FVP1b and FVP3, are highly resistant to the nonintercalative epipodophyllotoxins and exhibit moderate levels of resistance to doxorubicin. The topoisomerase II activity present in crude nuclear extracts from mutant and wild-type cells is similar in amount and equally sensitive to VP-16. However, in live cells, the topoisomerase II from FVP1b and FVP3 is much less susceptible to drug-induced cleavable complex formation than is that from FEM-X. Using reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we have cloned and sequenced the entire cDNA for topoisomerase II alpha from FEM-X and FVP3. The only sequence change unique to the cDNA from drug-resistant cells is a 3 bp deletion of nucleotide 1320-1322, resulting in a deletion of Ala429. Three FEM-X sublines of increasing resistance were tested, and the prevalence of the mutant RNA over wild-type increases in these cells in parallel with their resistance to VP-16. In FVP3, the most highly resistant line, expression of the wild-type allele is barely detectable. Analysis of genomic DNA shows that FEM-X is homozygous for the wild-type topoisomerase II alpha sequence and that each of the drug-resistant clones possesses both wild-type and mutant alleles. Although not definitive, these genetic results suggest that the deletion of Ala429 from topoisomerase II alpha makes the enzyme less susceptible to drug-induced cleavable complex formation and confers a growth advantage upon cells in the presence of VP-16.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Conjugated organometallic polymers: Poly(metallocenylene arene)s and an acetylide bridged decamethylhafnocene acetylide dimer. (1998)

New conjugated polymers based on the octamethyl-1,1$\sp\prime$-ferrocenylarene and 3,3$\sp\prime$-dihexyl-4,4$\sp\prime$-dimethyl-1,1 $\sp\prime$-ferrocenylenearylene repeat units have been synthesized in good yield by reaction of the corresponding para-bis(lithiumcyclopentadienide)arylene with FeX$\sb2$. Significant amounts of cyclic oligomers are formed during the polymerization reaction. Full oxidation of the polyferrocenes was accomplished with 1.5 moles of iodine. Partially oxidized polymers were prepared by comproportionation between neutral and fully oxidized materials. Partially oxidized materials with less than 50% oxidation disproportionate. Cyclic voltammetry shows good metal-metal communication between ferrocene centers; however, Mossbauer, UV-vis NIR, FT-IR, and EPR show very little electron transfer in the mixed-valence polymers. The electrical conductivity of the neutral, partially oxidized, and fully oxidized materials has been measured to be in the insulator/semi-conductor range. Some oxidized ferrocene polymers have been shown to exhibit temperature dependent magnetic moments and spin-glass behavior. Syntheses of bis(cyclopentadienyl)hafnium acetylides represent the first examples of an early transition metallocene with a terminal $\sigma$-bound acetylide ligand. The synthesis of Hf$\sp*$(CCSnMe$\sb3)\sb2$ presents the first evidence for the formation of a terminal acetylide anion bound to an early transition metal. The crystal structure of an acetylide bridged decamethylhafnocene acetylide dimer was determined, and the molecule shown to exhibit restricted rotation about the Hf-C$\sb2$-Hf axis. The synthetic methodologies for the construction of a new class of organometallic polymer, composed of either metallocene or piano stool units, has been outlined. The preparation of ferrocene and cobaltocene polymers has been achieved. The interesting properties exhibited by these transition metal-based polymers should provide considerable opportunities for fundamental scientific studies and applications oriented work.
Conversion of the silicone poly(dimethylsiloxane) by thallium(I) ethoxide into the ladder polymer [{Tl2(OSiMe2)O}2] n ; X-ray structure of the product and of thallium(I) triphenylsilanolate (1988)

Treating silicone grease (OSiMe2)m with an excess of TlOEt in PhMe at ambient temperature instantly yields the poly(thalliodimethylsiloxane)[{Tl2(OSiMe2)2O}2]n which, like [Tl(µ3-OSiPh3)]4(obtained similarly from the ethoxide and HOSiPh3), has been characterised by X-ray crystallography; both structures contain Tl4O4 cuboids [Tl–O distances and O–Tl–O angles are in the range 2.48(2)–2.78(2)Å and 75.4(5)–84.8(6)°].
Dual role of type I IFN during plasmodium infection (P3056) (2013)

Abstract The molecular mechanisms regulating the inflammatory response during malaria are still poorly defined. Inflammatory cytokines and type I IFNs induced when innate immune sensors recognize components of the malaria parasite can contribute to clearance of the parasite and in some circumstances these same effectors lead to experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Infection of C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) leads to ECM where animals succumb to infection and die. Upon infection with PbA infected red blood cells (iRBCs), C57/Bl6 mice succumb to death 6-12 days post-infection. Recently, we have found that mice lacking the type I IFN receptor, IFNAR-/-, are protected from ECM-mediated death, implicating an important role of type I IFNs in exacerbating the ECM phenotype. Alternatively, when mice are infected with liver-tropic PbA sporozoites, a type I IFN response is induced while the parasites develop inside hepatocytes. This host response is responsible for upregulating interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and limit the parasite load in the liver. The expression of ISGs are abrogated in IFNAR-/- mice. This protective phenotype is dependent on IRF3/7 and the adaptor MAVS suggesting that parasite RNA is recognized by host cells. Collectively, these findings reveal a dual role of type I IFNs that contribute to ECM-mediated death during PbA blood stage infections, but are also responsible for reducing parasite load during a liver stage infection.
Improved In Vivo Anti-Tumor and Anti-Metastatic Effect of GnRH-III-Daunorubicin Analogs on Colorectal and Breast Carcinoma Bearing Mice (2019)

Among various homing devices, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-III (GnRH-III) peptide represents a suitable targeting moiety for drug delivery systems. The anti-tumor activity of the previously developed GnRH-III-[<sup>4</sup>Lys(Bu),<sup>8</sup>Lys(Dau=Aoa)] conjugate and the novel synthesized GnRH-III-[<sup>2</sup>ΔHis,<sup>3</sup>d-Tic,<sup>4</sup>Lys(Bu),<sup>8</sup>Lys(Dau=Aoa)] conjugate, containing the anti-cancer drug daunorubicin, were evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that both GnRH-III-Dau conjugates possess an efficient growth inhibitory effect on more than 20 cancer cell lines, whereby the biological activity is strongly connected to the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRH-R). The novel conjugate showed a higher in vitro anti-proliferative activity and a higher uptake capacity. Moreover, the treatment with GnRH-III-Dau conjugates cause a significant in vivo tumor growth and metastases inhibitory effect in three different orthotopic models, including 4T1 mice and MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma, as well as HT-29 human colorectal cancer bearing BALB/s and SCID mice, while toxic side-effects were substantially reduced in comparison to the treatment with the free drug. These findings illustrate that our novel lead compound is a highly promising candidate for targeted tumor therapy in both colon cancer and metastatic breast cancer.
Spin Delocalization Over Type Zero Copper (2012)

Hard-ligand, high-potential copper sites have been characterized in double mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin (C112D/M121X (X = L, F, I)). These sites feature a small A(zz)(Cu) splitting in the EPR spectrum together with enhanced electron transfer activity. Due to these unique properties, these constructs have been called "type zero" copper sites. In contrast, the single mutant, C112D, features a large A(zz)(Cu) value characteristic of the typical type 2 Cu(II). In general, A(zz)(Cu) comprises contributions from Fermi contact, spin dipolar, and orbital dipolar terms. In order to understand the origin of the low A(zz)(Cu) value of type zero Cu(II), we explored in detail its degree of covalency, as manifested by spin delocalization over its ligands, which affects A(zz)(Cu) through the Fermi contact and spin dipolar contributions. This was achieved by the application of several complementary EPR hyperfine spectroscopic techniques at X- and W-band (∼9.5 and 95 GHz, respectively) frequencies to map the ligand hyperfine couplings. Our results show that spin delocalization over the ligands in type zero Cu(II) is different from that of type 2 Cu(II) in the single C112D mutant. The (14)N hyperfine couplings of the coordinated histidine nitrogens are smaller by about 25-40%, whereas that of the (13)C carboxylate of D112 is about 50% larger. From this comparison, we concluded that the spin delocalization of type zero copper over its ligands is not dramatically larger than in type 2 C112D. Therefore, the reduced A(zz)(Cu) value of type zero Cu(II) is largely attributable to an increased orbital dipolar contribution that is related to its larger g(zz) value, as a consequence of the distorted tetrahedral geometry. The increased spin delocalization over the D112 carboxylate in type zero mutants compared to type 2 C112D suggests that electron transfer paths involving this residue are enhanced.
Haze removal for image enhancement (2005)

We present a method to improve the quality of hazy digital images for digital photography applications. Most of the methods for haze removal that have been reported in the literature require either multiple images of the scene or auxiliary information, and are thus not suitable for digital photography applications. Our method is based on variable contrast enhancement. To determine where the enhancement should be applied, we find the location of the horizon. We use a ratio of luminance values to form an edge map, a connected components algorithm to find the sky set, and then finally a connected components algorithm to find any object extending over the horizon. The ground cover is then contrast enhanced with a modified piecewise linear function, with more enhancement at the horizon than at the bottom of the image. We demonstrate the capability to improve image quality with several images.
55‐2: Invited Paper: Volume Optimized and Mirror‐less Holographic Waveguide Augmented Reality Head‐up Display (2018)

Trust in highly automated driving increased by intuitive dialogue between the driver and driver assistance systems. Predestined are augmented reality head‐up displays (AR HUD) able to display virtual images in large projection distances in front of the driver in context to the environment. A volume optimized mirror‐less AR HUD solution, based on a disruptive holographic waveguide technology with first results from a first real demonstrator.
Preliminary results of a study comparing conventional radiography with phase-contrast radiography for assessing root morphology of mandibular third molars (2011)

Our results suggest the possibility that phase-contrast radiography is more useful than conventional radiography for assessing the root morphology of mandibular third molars.
Unbound Free Fatty Acids and Heart-Type Fatty Acid–Binding Protein: Diagnostic Assays and Clinical Applications (2005)

FFA(u) may have a potential role in identifying patients with cardiac ischemia. H-FABP is useful for detecting cardiac injury in acute coronary syndromes and predicting recurrent cardiac events in acute coronary syndromes and in congestive heart failure patients. Assays are available for both markers that could facilitate further clinical investigations to assess their possible roles as markers of cardiac ischemia and/or necrosis.
Quantitative ultrasound molecular imaging by modeling the binding kinetics of targeted contrast agent (2017)

Ultrasound molecular imaging (USMI) is an emerging technique to monitor diseases at the molecular level by the use of novel targeted ultrasound contrast agents (tUCA). These consist of microbubbles functionalized with targeting ligands with high-affinity for molecular markers of specific disease processes, such as cancer-related angiogenesis. Among the molecular markers of angiogenesis, the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is recognized to play a major role. In response, the clinical-grade tUCA BR55 was recently developed, consisting of VEGFR2-targeting microbubbles which can flow through the entire circulation and accumulate where VEGFR2 is over-expressed, thus causing selective enhancement in areas of active angiogenesis. Discrimination between bound and free microbubbles is crucial to assess cancer angiogenesis. Currently, this is done non-quantitatively by looking at the late enhancement, about 10 min after injection, or by calculation of the differential targeted enhancement, requiring the application of a high-pressure ultrasound (US) burst to destroy all the microbubbles in the acoustic field and isolate the signal coming only from bound microbubbles. In this work, we propose a novel method based on mathematical modeling of the binding kinetics during the tUCA first pass, thus reducing the acquisition time and with no need for a destructive US burst. Fitting time-intensity curves measured with USMI by the proposed model enables the assessment of cancer angiogenesis at both the vascular and molecular levels. This is achieved by estimation of quantitative parameters related to the microvascular architecture and microbubble binding. The proposed method was tested in 11 prostate-tumor bearing rats by performing USMI after injection of BR55, and showed good agreement with current USMI methods. The novel information provided by the proposed method, possibly combined with the current non-quantitative methods, may bring deeper insight into cancer angiogenesis, and thus potentially improve cancer diagnosis and management.
Characterization of the T cell response to the major hazelnut allergen, Cor a 1.04: evidence for a relevant T cell epitope not cross‐reactive with homologous pollen allergens (2005)

The major hazelnut allergen cross-reacts with the major allergens of birch and hazel pollen but apparently contains a relevant T cell epitope not shared with pollen allergens. Our finding may have important implications for the specific immunotherapy of tree pollen-allergic patients suffering from concomitant hazelnut allergy.
Isolation and characterization of a 14-kDa albumin-binding fragment of streptococcal protein G. (1988)

Protein G, a streptococcal cell wall protein, has separate binding sites for human albumin and IgG. Streptococci expressing protein G were treated with the bacteriolytic agent mutanolysin. Several IgG- and human serum albumin (HSA)-binding peptides were identified in the material thus solubilized and one of these, a 14-kDa peptide, was found to bind HSA but not IgG in Western blot experiments. This molecule was purified by affinity chromatography on Sepharose coupled with HSA followed by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B and a final affinity chromatography on IgG-Sepharose, by which low Mr W(15 to 20 kDa)IgG-binding peptides were removed. In different binding experiments the purified 14-kDa peptide bound exclusively HSA and the equilibrium constant between the peptide and HSA was determined to be 3.4 X 10(8) M-1. The relation between the 14-kDa molecule and protein G was studied by analyzing the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the peptide and comparing it with the previously determined protein G sequence. The 40 N-terminal amino acids were found to be identical with an amino acid sequence starting at position 62 in the protein G molecule. These and previous data enabled us to locate the albumin binding to the repetitively arranged domains in the N-terminal half of the protein G molecule.
UrbanMM'21 (2021)

Understanding complex processes that give cities their form traditionally relied primarily on the analysis of various open data statistics in relation to e.g. neighbourhood demographics, economy and mobility. However, recent years have seen an unprecedented increase in the availability and use of city-related sensors, participatory data and social multimedia. As the valuable information about urban challenges is usually encoded across multiple modalities, such as visual (e.g. panoramic, satellite and user-contributed images), text (e.g. social media and participatory data) and open data statistics, extracting this information requires effective multimedia analysis tools. This Workshop will showcase the power of multimedia computing in addressing various urban challenges, ranging from event detection and analysis, location recommendation and crowdedness estimation to more efficient handling of citizen reports and modelling and improving city liveability. In addition, it will serve as an impulse for the multimedia community to intensify research on these interesting, challenging and truly multimodal problems.
Adenosine A2A Receptor Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (2010)

Adenosine suppresses immune responses through the adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR). We evaluated the expression of A2AR in blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and controls in order to verify if it may help distinguish different forms of cognitive decline. There was a significant linear increase in both mRNA levels and receptor density from multiple cognitive domain MCI (mcd-MCI) to amnestic MCI (a-MCI), spanning through AD and controls, without any significant difference between the latter two groups of subjects. These data, which need to be confirmed in a larger number of patients, suggest that expression of A2AR in PBMCs may be a valuable means of differentiating a-MCI and mcd-MCI.
8 mW Fundamental Mode Output of Wafer-Fused VCSELs Emitting in the 1550-nm Band (2009)

Record fundamental mode output power of 8mW at 0 degrees C and 6.5mW at room temperature is achieved with wafer-fused VCSELs incorporating regrown tunnel junction and emitting at the 1550nm waveband. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America
Chemical and Electrochemical Properties of a Dual Electrolyte Cell Employing a Solid Electrolyte Membrane for Large Scale Energy Storage (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Numerical study of the influence of wall compliance on the hemodynamics in a patient-specific arteriovenous fistula (2012)

An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a vessel connection created to provide adequate blood access for hemodialysis. The local hemodynamics was investigated in a patient-specific AVF using a computational fluid structure interaction simulation. The fluid and solid governing equations were solved using ANSYS (coupling CFX and ANSYS Structural) imposing physiological boundary conditions and vessel mechanical properties. An accurate map of unsteady velocity profiles and wall shear stresses was drawn up. It was compared to rigid wall simulations to quantify the effect of the wall compliance.
Palladium-catalyzed coupling of functionalized primary and secondary amines with aryl and heteroaryl halides: two ligands suffice in most cases (2010)

We report our studies on the use of two catalyst systems, based on the ligands BrettPhos and RuPhos, which provide the widest scope for Pd-catalyzed C–N cross-coupling reactions to date. Often low catalyst loadings and short reaction times can be used with functionalized aryl and heteroaryl coupling partners. The reactions are highly robust and can be set up and performed without the use of a glovebox. These catalysts should find wide application in the synthesis of complex molecules including pharmaceuticals, natural products and functional materials.
Asymmetrical Properties of Reflective LCD'S (2001)

Abstract In this paper we present results concerning reflective LCD's with different alignment layer types. We made thought-out interpretations of the asymmetrical reflectance and current responses. The asymmetry is the result of an internal voltage. In our measurements, we distinguish alignment layers, which introduce mobile ions in the LC bulk and other alignment layers, which have a layer of trapped ions at the interface with LC.
Abstract 1143: Prox1 and Notch mark distinct colorectal cancer stem cell populations (2018)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Signaling pathways, such as the Wnt and Notch pathways, are essential for the maintenance and differentiation of wild-type intestinal stem cells. We have shown that the Prox1 transcription promotes expansion of the colorectal cancer stem cell pool and that a subpopulation of the Prox1+ CRC cells display stem cell activity. Because of these results we have further analyzed the role of Prox1 in the regulation of CRC stem cell. Here, we report that Prox1 regulates CRC stem-like cells via bidirectional interaction with Notch1 during CRC initiation and progression. Using genetic in vivo models and ex vivo 3D organoid cultures, we show that Notch inhibition decreases the number of Lgr5+ stem cells whereas it increases expression of the Prox1. Although Notch inhibition led to increased proliferation of the Prox1 positive cells, it did not affect their ability to give rise to differentiated Prox1 negative progeny. Ectopic overexpression of the active fragment of Notch1 suppressed Prox1 expression and inhibited stem cell activity in the CRC cells. On the other hand, the PROX1-NuRD complex suppressed the Notch signaling pathway and Prox1 deletion increased Notch target gene expression and promoter activity, indicating reciprocal regulation between Prox1 and Notch1. Thus, although Prox1 and Notch suppress each other in colorectal cancer cells, Prox1+ cells can function as a stem cell population without the need for Notch pathway activity. Citation Format: Jenny Högström, Sarika Heino, Pauliina Kallio, Marianne Lähde, Veli-Matti Leppänen, Seppo Kaijalainen, Diego Balboa, Timo Otonkoski, Sylvie Robine, Zoltan Wiener, Kari Alitalo. Prox1 and Notch mark distinct colorectal cancer stem cell populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1143.
TaqI polymorphism in the 3' flanking region of the PI gene among Kuwaiti Arabs and Russians. (1997)

The Taq1 polymorphism in the 3' flanking region of the PI gene has been reported to be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We have studied the frequency of the Taq1 polymorphism in 117 Kuwaiti Arabs and 110 Russians using PCR/RFLP. The frequency of this polymorphism was found to be 0.235 in the Arabs and 0.027 in the Russians. Such a striking difference in allele frequencies could be due to a 'founder effect' in the Kuwaiti population. However: it may also be that this mutation provides a selective advantage, thus accounting for its fixation at a rather high frequency in some populations. Our results suggest that ethnic composition is a very important factor which should be taken into consideration when studying the association of the Taq1 polymorphism with COPD.
Fasciotomy Rates in Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom: Association with Injury Severity and Tourniquet Use (2011)

During the period of the study, fasciotomy rates increased as a result of a combination of factors: increasing injury severity, increasing use of tourniquets, and increased awareness of the need to perform prophylactic fasciotomy. Further research should be aimed at determining what the optimum rate of fasciotomy is in such an environment.