gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Bridging Ligands on the Current−Potential Behavior and Interfacial Kinetics of Ruthenium-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO2 Photoelectrodes (2003)

We have shown that Ru^(II)(bpy)_2(bpy-4-(xylyl)_x-≡-phenyl-COOH)(PF_6)_2 (abbreviated Rux, where x = 0, 1 or 2 xylyl groups; bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridine) dyes can act as sensitizers for nanocrystalline TiO_2 in functional photoelectrochemical cells under simulated solar illumination, albeit with low efficiencies. Both the short-circuit photocurrent density and the open-circuit voltage decreased as x was increased. Electron injection (10^6−10^8 s^(-1)) was slightly faster for the x = 0 dye, but both recombination (10^(-15)−10^(-13) cm^3 s^(-1)) and regeneration (10^4−10^6 s^(-1) for 10 mM I^-) were slightly faster for the x = 2 dye. We suggest that the lack of distance dependence is due to the flexible one-carboxyl attachment to the surface resulting in the Ru−TiO_2 electron-tunneling distance being very similar for x = 0, 1, and 2. For all of the Rux sensitizers, a relatively small potential was needed for generation of current in the dark, indicating that the reaction between electrons in TiO_2 and the I_3^-/I^- electrolyte solution is as favorable for the Rux sensitizers as for unmodified TiO_2 electrodes.
Supplementary Legends for Table 1 and Figures 1-9 from Genomic Alterations of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase May Sensitize Tumors to Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

Supplementary Legends for Table 1 and Figures 1-9 from Genomic Alterations of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase May Sensitize Tumors to Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitors
Data Compression Using Neural Networks in Bio-Medical Signal Processing (2013)

Heart is one of the vital parts of human body, which maintains life line. In this paper, an efficient composite method has been developed for data compression of ECG signals. ECG waveforms reflect most of the heart parameters closely related to the mechanical pumping of the heart and can therefore, be used to infer cardiac health. After carrying out detailed studies of different data compression algorithms, we used back propagation algorithm to analyse the artificial neural networks. Twelve significant features are extracted from an echocardiogram (ECG). The features of samples are used as input to the neural network. Finally the samples which are used in the database are trained and tested using the Back Propagation Algorithm. The efficiency is observed to be 99.5%. Dual three-layer neural networks with only a few units in the hidden layer are used. It is further observed that input signals are same as supervised signals used in the networks. Back-propagation is used for the learning process.
Interfacial Microstructure Function in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Assembled Tetraaryldiamine and Copper Phthalocyanine Interlayers (2002)

Drastically increased OLED device luminance (up to 15 000 cd/m2) and enhanced quantum efficiency (6×) are achieved by spin-coating a siloxane-derivatized hole injector (TPD-Si2) onto an ITO surface. The silyl groups promote ITO–TPD interfacial cohesion, thus enabling more efficient hole injection. The Figure shows a polarized optical image of the TPD film morphology after annealing the bilayer structure (see also inside front cover).
Preparation and in Vitro evaluation of mefenamic Acid Sustained Release Beads (1995)

AbstractSustained release beads of mefenamic acid were prepared by a capillary method using cellulose acetate phthalate, surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80), and polymers (K 100 M Methocel and K 100 LV Methocel). These beads were then formulated into capsule dosage form. The beads did not disintegrate in simulated gastric fluid; however, they disintegrated in simulated intestinal fluid. The dissolution profiles of mefenamic acid beads and capsule dosage form were conducted in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) at 37° C. The beads containing Span 80 and a mixture of K 100 M and A 4 M Methocel resulted in prolonged drug release. The formulations prepared with Tween 80 and K 100 LV Methocel released over 90% of the drug in 2 hours indicating no sustained release properties. The beads in capsule dosage form yielded slower dissolution profiles compared to the beads alone. Aging for six months had no effect on dissolution of mefenamic acid beads. The release of mefenamic acid seems to be combination of diffusion and leaching. The release of mefenamic acid from beads can be modified by varying the polymer composition and their concentration.
A randomized controlled trial of two treatment programs for homeless adults with latent tuberculosis infection. (2006)

Nurse case management combined with education, incentives, and tracking dramatically improves both adherence to LTBI treatment and TB knowledge in homeless persons compared to a standard approach of outreach and incentives.
Out-of-vocabulary word detection in a speech-to-speech translation system (2014)

In this paper we describe progress we have made in detecting out-of-vocabulary words (OOVs) for a speech-to-speech translation system for the purpose of playing back audio to the user for clarification and correction. Our OOV detector follows a strategy of first identifying a rough location of the OOV and then merging adjacent decoded words to cover the true OOV word. We show the advantage of our OOV detection strategy and report on improvements using a real-time implementation of a new Convolutional Neural Network acoustic model. We discuss why commonly used metrics for OOV detection do not meet our needs and explore an overlap metric as well as a Jaccard metric for evaluating our ability to detect the OOVs and localize them accurately in time. We have found different metrics to be useful at different stages of development.
A Real-Time Personalized Noise Reduction Smartphone App for Hearing Enhancement (2018)

This paper presents the development of a personalized noise reduction app that is designed to run in real-time with low-latency on smartphone platforms for hearing enhancement purposes. The personalization is achieved by using an unsupervised noise classifier together with a personalized gain adjustment. After applying a Wiener filtering noise reduction, gains in five frequency bands are adjusted by the user to achieve personalized noise reduction depending on the noise environment identified by the classifier. The other signal processing modules of the app include voice activity detection and compression. Publicly available datasets of speech signals and commonly encountered noise signals are used to test the effectiveness of the app. The results obtained by computing a widely used objective speech quality measure indicate the effectiveness of the app for noise reduction.
CDNF Interacts with ER Chaperones and Requires UPR Sensors to Promote Neuronal Survival (2022)

Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is a neurotrophic factor that has beneficial effects on dopamine neurons in both in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD). CDNF was recently tested in phase I-II clinical trials for the treatment of PD, but the mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective properties are still poorly understood, although studies have suggested its role in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and the unfolded protein response (UPR). The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of CDNF through analyzing the involvement of UPR signaling in its anti-apoptotic function. We used tunicamycin to induce ER stress in mice in vivo and used cultured primary neurons and found that CDNF expression is regulated by ER stress in vivo and that the involvement of UPR pathways is important for the neuroprotective function of CDNF. Moreover, we used AP-MS and BiFC to perform the first interactome screening for CDNF and report novel binding partners of CDNF. These findings allowed us to hypothesize that CDNF protects neurons from ER-stress-inducing agents by modulating UPR signaling towards cell survival outcomes.
DNA vaccines--challenges in delivery. (2000)

DNA vaccines are typically comprised of plasmid DNA molecules that encode an antigen(s) derived from a pathogen or tumor cell. Following introduction into a vaccine, cells take up the DNA, where expression and immune presentation of the encoded antigen(s) takes place. DNA can be introduced by viral or bacterial vectors or through uptake of 'naked' or complexed DNA. Vaccination with DNA is a recent technology possessing distinct advantages over traditional vaccines (killed or attenuated pathogens) and the more recently developed subunit vaccines. Unlike most subunit vaccines, DNA vaccines induce both the humoral and cellular arms of the immune response. The stimulation of both arms of the immune system is important not only for the prevention of many diseases including AIDS, but also allows the use of a vaccine for therapeutic purposes. While the traditional attenuated pathogen vaccines are also able to elicit both cellular and humoral immune responses, there is a risk of reversion from the attenuated state to the virulent state. This risk does not exist with DNA vaccines. DNA vaccines can be manufactured and formulated by generic processes. DNA vaccine technology, however, is still in its infancy and much research needs to be done to improve the efficiency with which these vaccines work in humans. While continued efforts toward improving both DNA expression and DNA delivery are equally important for increasing the utility of DNA vaccines, this review will focus both on non-viral delivery of plasmid DNA and delivery methods for the encoded antigen.
Realizing Origami Mechanisms From Metal Sheets (2017)

Consideration of a product’s manufacturability is a vital aspect of product design. When considering manufacturability of panels for origami-adapted products, there are trade-offs between panel design approaches as well as thickness-accommodation techniques. The use of bent sheet metal for panels shows promise as a panel design approach that mitigates several of these trade-offs. This paper describes a process that can be employed to use sheet metal in designs of origami-adapted mechanisms that utilize specific thickness-accommodation techniques. The process is demonstrated for a square-twist mechanism designed using the hinge shift technique for accommodating thickness in origami patterns. A Miura-ori mechanism is also shown in sheet metal. The characteristics of these bent panel approaches are discussed and compared to other approaches for designing panels for manufacturing. The use of bent sheet metal panels allows for mitigation of several trade-offs and shows the applicability of origami-adapted design to sheet metal.
<title>Optical test of a photonic FIFO page buffer memory</title> (1996)

We describe the parallel optical test of a photonic first-in-first-out (PFIFO) buffer memory based on flip-chip CMOS/SEED optoelectronic technology. The PFIFO detects pages of 4 by 8 binary bits, stores them in a 32 bit deep buffer memory, and transmits them in a 16 by 2 output modulator array. All 32 I/O and memory channels functioned, with an average input power of 40 microwatts and a minimum output contrast ratio of 2:1.
Breast density estimation from high spectral and spatial resolution MRI (2016)

A three-dimensional breast density estimation method is presented for high spectral and spatial resolution (HiSS) MR imaging. Twenty-two patients were recruited (under an Institutional Review Board--approved Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant protocol) for high-risk breast cancer screening. Each patient received standard-of-care clinical digital x-ray mammograms and MR scans, as well as HiSS scans. The algorithm for breast density estimation includes breast mask generating, breast skin removal, and breast percentage density calculation. The inter- and intra-user variabilities of the HiSS-based density estimation were determined using correlation analysis and limits of agreement. Correlation analysis was also performed between the HiSS-based density estimation and radiologists' breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) density ratings. A correlation coefficient of 0.91 ([Formula: see text]) was obtained between left and right breast density estimations. An interclass correlation coefficient of 0.99 ([Formula: see text]) indicated high reliability for the inter-user variability of the HiSS-based breast density estimations. A moderate correlation coefficient of 0.55 ([Formula: see text]) was observed between HiSS-based breast density estimations and radiologists' BI-RADS. In summary, an objective density estimation method using HiSS spectral data from breast MRI was developed. The high reproducibility with low inter- and low intra-user variabilities shown in this preliminary study suggest that such a HiSS-based density metric may be potentially beneficial in programs requiring breast density such as in breast cancer risk assessment and monitoring effects of therapy.
Water Splitting: Poly(1,4‐di(2‐thienyl))benzene Facilitating Complete Light‐Driven Water Splitting under Visible Light at High pH (Adv. Energy Mater. 6/2019) (2019)

The production of hydrogen from water by solely using sunlight as energy input has long been pursued as a sustainable fuel source. In article number 1803286, Hiroyuki Nishide, Bjorn Winther-Jensen, and co-workers demonstrate a thiophene-based conjugated polymer as a combined light harvester and catalyst for water reduction to hydrogen. The high photovoltage obtained facilitates water oxidation on an MnOx anode and thereby complete light-driven water-splitting.
(Invited) Molecular Layer Deposition of Flexible, Transparent and Conductive Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Thin Films (2011)

Hybrid organic-inorganic thin film alloys were fabricated by molecular layer deposition (MLD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) methods using diethyl zinc (DEZ), hydroquinone (HQ), and water (H2O). Sequential exposures of DEZ &amp; HQ for zincone MLD and DEZ &amp; H2O for ZnO ALD led to the linear growth of zincone alloy films. The alloy film composition could be varied by changing the number of MLD cycles and ALD cycles per reactant sequence. The alloy films were found to be highly conductive. Zincone alloys grown with MLD:ALD cycle ratios of 1:1 and 2:2 displayed sheet resistivities in the 10-3Ω cm range. These sheet resistivities were substantially lower than the sheet resistivity for ZnO ALD films. These alloys films may be useful as flexible, transparent and conducting coatings.
Conformation, and Charge Tunneling through Molecules in SAMs (2021)

This paper demonstrates that the molecular conformation (in addition to the composition and structure) of molecules making up self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) influences the rates of charge tunneling (CT) through them, in molecular junctions of the form Au<sup>TS</sup>/S(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CONR<sup>1</sup>R<sup>2</sup>//Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/EGaIn, where R<sup>1</sup> and R<sup>2</sup> are alkyl chains of different length. The lengths of chains R<sup>1</sup> and R<sup>2</sup> were selected to influence the conformations and conformational homogeneity of the molecules in the monolayer. The conformations of the molecules influence the thickness of the monolayer (i.e. tunneling barrier width) and their rectification ratios at ±1.0 V. When R<sup>1</sup> = H, the molecules are well ordered and exist predominantly in <i>trans</i>-extended conformations. When R<sup>1</sup> is an alkyl group (e.g., R<sup>1</sup> ≠ H), however, their conformations can no longer be all-<i>trans</i>-extended, and the molecules adopt more <i>gauche</i> dihedral angles. This change in the type of conformation decreases the conformational order and influences the rates of tunneling. When R<sup>1</sup> = R<sup>2</sup>, the rates of CT decrease (up to 6.3×), relative to rates of CT observed through SAMs having the same total chain lengths, or thicknesses, when R<sup>1</sup> = H. When R<sup>1</sup> ≠ H ≠ R<sup>2</sup>, there is a weaker correlation (relative to that when R<sup>1</sup> = H or R<sup>1</sup> = R<sup>2</sup>) between current density and chain length or monolayer thickness, and in some cases the rates of CT through SAMs made from molecules with different R<sup>2</sup> groups are different, even when the thicknesses of the SAMs (as determined by XPS) are the same. These results indicate that the thickness of a monolayer composed of insulating, amide-containing alkanethiols does not solely determine the rate of CT, and rates of charge tunneling are influenced by the conformation of the molecules making up the junction.
Therapeutic potential of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and gamma-interferon in experimental human ovarian cancer. (1987)

We have studied the activity of recombinant human gamma-interferon and recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha against four human ovarian cancer i.p. xenografts OS, LA, HN, and DO derived from primary tumor material. In the OS xenograft all control mice died by 42 days and therapy starting 7 days after tumor cell injection with 5 X 10(4) units recombinant human gamma-interferon or 1 microgram recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha alone had no significant effect on cumulative survival in three separate experiments. However, a combination of the two agents resulted in 85% cumulative survival at 150 days. This combination therapy also significantly increased survival of mice treated as late as 21 days after tumor cell injection. In the LA xenograft (where control mice were all dead by 23 days) therapy with either agent alone, or a combination, more than doubled survival time of mice. In the HN xenograft all control mice were dead at 22 days whereas either therapy alone or in combination gave +85% cumulative survival at 100 days. In a fourth xenograft, DO, survival of mice in the combination therapy group was significantly increased. Thus these two biological therapies, alone or in combination, show significant activity against human ovarian cancer cells.
HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CEFUROXIME IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS (2015)

New Analytical method has been developed for the determination of Cefuroxime in pharmaceutical formulations. The method involves the application of high performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the quantitative analysis of cefuroxime. HPLC method has a shorter analysis time of 10 min. The developed method obeyed the Beer's law in the range of 5-300 g mL -1 . Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the developed method was found to be 0.538 and 1.63, g mL -1 respectively.
A spiking model of superior colliculus for bottom-up saliency (2013)

Active exploration of visual space is controlled by a saccadic system using a combination of bottom-up and top-down signals. Rate based models [1] and simple V1 models (e.g. [2]), have been proposed to explain bottom-up or attentional mechanisms. We present a biologically detailed spiking model of superior colliculus to generate saccadic eye movements using a competitive mechanism based on spike arrival times. Various pop-out tasks based on color, orientation features and motion is used to analyze the reaction time of the model.

The superior colliculus is modeled as a two layer network with feature-specific superficial layers driving a common deep layer. The superficial layers of the superior colliculus are topologically organized and is driven by retinal parasols cells, V1 layer 2/3 orientation-selective cells, V1 layer 2/3 color-selective cells, and MT cells. These enable luminance, orientation, color and motion based popout respectively. In this model, the earliest spikes are considered the most salient. A saccade is triggered when there is a consistent winner in the superficial layers at the same spatial region over an extended period of time, 40 ms to 100 ms. The superficial layers implement a temporal winner-take-all mechanism; specifically, there exists a separate inhibitory subnetwork that allows each superficial layer to choose a winner. The deep layer integrates these winners over time and selects a single spatial region. It implements a bump attractor network mediated by short-range excitation (AMPA and NMDA) and long range inhibition, which generates a bump of activity before and during a saccade. An interesting property of bump attractor network based circuit is that a single cell response is independent of size of the stimulus. Similar spiking response was also observed in most of the visually selective superior colliculus cells in monkeys [3]. Additionally, this model captures known behavioral and neurophysiological properties of the superior colliculus such as saccadic suppression, activity buildup before saccade generation, and GABAb mediated inhibition from the deep layer to superficial layers resulting in selective inhibition in recently attended region. All the connections in the SC model are pre-wired to satisfy the response characteristics of superficial and deep layers.

The reaction time of the model was tested on simple and conjunctive pop-out tasks. We observe only a mild shift in reaction time based on the number of distractors. Higher reaction time was observed as the complexity of the search task was increased. Also, reaction time increases based on the level of visual hierarchy that is connected to the superior colliculus layers.
Towards the prediction of NMR relaxation rates in proteins from their structure by a network of coupled rotators (2007)

During the past decades, NMR spectroscopy of isotopically labelled proteins has emerged as a unique tool for the study of internal protein dynamics in solution. The possibility of measuring spin relaxation rates in proteins has motivated numerous theoretical and methodological developments aiming at the interpretation and the prediction of their internal dynamics. In this article, we discuss the possibility of predicting 15 N relaxation rates using a Network of Coupled Rotators to describe internal motions of a protein starting from its three-dimensional structure, and illustrate the approach by the example of the protein calbindin.
Создание ультразвуковой аппаратуры восстановления продуктивности низкодебитных скважин (2009)

The work deals with the development of ultrasonic equipment and ultrasonic technology of&lt;br&gt;stimulation (AWS) of low-yield wells with the purpose of the recovery of their productivity. During the&lt;br&gt;conducted bench tests of the developed equipment, the most efficient modes of operation and conditions&lt;br&gt;under which the process of well recovery gives a maximum possible effect were tested. Field tests of the&lt;br&gt;equipment confirmed its high efficiency in the treatment of low-yield wells.
Introduction to Chemoinformatics in Drug Discovery – A Personal View (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Historical Evolution Known versus Unknown Targets Graph Theory and Molecular Numerology Pharmacophore Active-Analog Approach Active-Site Modeling Validation of the Active-Analog Approach and Active-Site Modeling PLS/CoMFA Prediction of Affinity Protein Structure Prediction Structure-Based Drug Design Real World Pharmaceutical Issues Combinatorial Chemistry and High-throughput Screens Diversity and Similarity Prediction of ADME Failures to Accurately Predict Summary