gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Optoelectronic CW Microwave Source (1987)

Ultrafast switching utilizing picosecond photoconductors finds many applications, including optoelectronic sampling and characterization of high speed electronic devices [1]. One of the major areas of applications that has not been explored is in microwave and millimeter-wave generation and control. The jitter-free switching characteristic of these devices is very promising since the microwave or millimeter wave signals can be generated in complete time synchronization with the exciting optical pulses. The time synchronization opens the way to unique applications.
Alkyl‐Substituted N‐Vinylimidazolium Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Thermal Properties and Ionic Conductivities (2011)

Abstract Structure‐property relationships for polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) relate chemical structure to ionic conductivity and reveal the importance of glass transition temperature ( T g ) and the energy associated with an ion‐hopping mechanism for ion conduction for a series of alkyl‐substituted vinylimidazolium PILs. The alkyl‐substituted vinylimidazolium‐based PILs with varying lengths of n ‐alkyl substituents provide diverse precursors with exchangeable anions to further enhance thermal stability and ionic conductivity. As the anion size increases, regardless of alkyl substituent length, T g decreases and the onset of weight loss, T D , increases. As the length of the alkyl substituent increases, T g decreases for PILs with Br − and BF 4 − counteranions. Ionic conductivity increases over an order of magnitude upon exchange of the counteranion from TfO − &lt; Tf 2 N − .
Versatile Modes of Allene Bonding in the Structures of [W2(OtBu)6(C3H4)], [W2(OtBu)6(C3H4)(CO)2], and [W2(OtBu)6(C3H4)2] (1989)

The allene moiety and the W2 center in the complex 1 are parallel—this coordination is unprecedented. Addition of CO or allene to 1 yields the two other title compounds, respectively, in which an allene is η1,η3-bonded and two CO groups or an additional η2-C3H4 ligand (see formula on the right) is present.
A Physical Model of Nonstationary Blur in Ultrasound Imaging (2019)

While restoration methods have been extensively studied in ultrasound (US) imaging, only few recent works have focused on modeling and understanding the blur from a physical point of view even in simple configurations, such as lossless homogeneous media. Despite a highly nonstationary blur due to diffraction effects, many techniques rely on simplistic approximations based on shift-invariant models or sectional methods and their efficiency has not been demonstrated for plane-wave (PW) and diverging-wave (DW) imaging. In this paper, we first propose a physical model of nonstationary blur in the context of PW and DW imaging. The blur operation is expressed as a composition of a U.S. propagation operator and a delay-and-sum operator, each of which has derived in previous works. We show that such a composition leads to a standard model of nonstationary blur as a Fredholm integral of the first kind. Second, we describe an approximation of the blur in the discrete domain based on the above decomposition coupled with an appropriate discretization of the latent element-raw-data space. We show theoretically and empirically that its evaluation, using such an approximation, scales linearly instead of quadratically with respect to the grid size, better than shift-invariant approaches. Through simulations and in vivo experimental data, we demonstrate that using the proposed model in the context of maximum-a-posteriori image restoration results in a higher image quality than using state-of-the-art shift-invariant models.
C5–C6 Carbocyclic-Fused Iminothiadiazine Dioxides as BACE Inhibitors, Their Compositions, and Their Use (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPatent HighlightNEXTC5–C6 Carbocyclic-Fused Iminothiadiazine Dioxides as BACE Inhibitors, Their Compositions, and Their UseBenjamin Blass*View Author Information Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States*Tel: 215-707-1085. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8, 8, 786–788Publication Date (Web):July 25, 2017Publication History Received3 July 2017Published online25 July 2017Published inissue 10 August 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00268https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00268editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views775Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (401 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Alkyls,Assays,Fluorescence,Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Air-stable, low-voltage organic transistors: High-mobility thienoacene derivatives for unipolar and complementary ring oscillators on flexible substrates (2014)

The organic semiconductor DNTT (dinaphtho-[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) and its didecyl- and diphenyl derivatives C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</inf> -DNTT and DPh-DNTT [1-3] have recently shown exceptionally large field-effect mobilities together with excellent air stability [4]. Here we present a detailed analysis of the mobility, contact resistance, air stability and signal delay (measured in unipolar as well as complementary ring oscillators) of low-voltage (∼3 V) thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on these semiconductors with channel lengths down to 0.5 μm on flexible plastic substrates. The TFTs were fabricated with an inverted staggered device structure and with Al gate electrodes, a gate dielectric composed of a plasma-grown AlO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> layer (3.6 nm thick) and a tetradecylphosphonic acid self-assembled monolayer (SAM), a vacuum-deposited organic semiconductor layer (25 nm), and Au source and drain contacts [4]. The fabrication of organic TFTs with channel lengths as short as 0.5 μm was accomplished using high-resolution silicon stencil masks [6,7]. All measurements were performed in ambient air.
Fabrication of Silicon Inverse Woodpile Photonic Crystals (2007)

Abstract Silicon inverse woodpile photonic crystals are fabricated for the first time. Our approach, which is based on direct laser writing of polymeric templates and a novel silicon single‐inversion procedure, leads to high‐quality structures with gap/midgap ratios of 14.2 %, centered at a wavelength of 2.5 μm. It is shown that gap/midgap ratios as large as 20.5 %, centered at 1.55 μm, may become possible in the future.
Blood transcriptional response to treatment-resistant depression during electroconvulsive therapy (2021)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are currently the first-line antidepressant drug treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Treatment-resistant depression (TRD), defined as failure to achieve remission despite adequate treatment, affects ~30% of persons with MDD. The current recommended treatment for TRD is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), while ketamine is an experimentally suggested treatment. This study aimed to elucidate the transcriptional differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) between individuals with TRD and a control group without a psychiatric illness; and between patients with TRD, treated with either standard antidepressant drugs alone, or in combination with ECT or ketamine. Additionally, PBMC transcriptomics were compared between treatment responders, following completion of their treatment protocols. Total RNA was extracted from PBMC of the TRD group at two time points, and RNA and miRNA expression were profiled. Multiple mRNAs and miRNAs were found to be modified, with two protein coding genes, FKBP5 and ITGA2B, which are up- and downregulated, respectively; and several miRNAs have shown changes following successful ECT treatment. Further analysis demonstrated the direct functional regulation of ITGA2B by miR-24-3p. Our findings suggest that PBMC expression levels of FKBP5, ITGA2B, and miR-24-3p should be further explored as tentative ECT response biomarkers.
1-mm catheterscope (2008)

Flexible endoscopes use one sensor element per display pixel. When diameter is reduced to the size of a catheter, there is a significant reduction in the number of pixels within the image. By placing a sub-millimeter microscanner at the tip of a catheter, image quality can be significantly improved. The microscanner consists of a 0.4 mm diameter piezoelectric tube with quadrant electrodes, surrounding a cantilevered singlemode optical fiber. At the distal end, the fiber microscanner is sealed with a 0.9 mm diameter lens assembly, creating a rigid length less than 10 mm at the tip of a highly flexible shaft. The cantilevered fiber is vibrated at the first mode of resonance for bending to generate a circular scan pattern. A spiral scan pattern is generated that constitutes an image frame by modulating the piezoelectric drive signals. By using a custom optical fiber at 80 microns cladding diameter, >10 KHz resonant scanning is achieved, resulting in a 30 Hz frame rate. Red (635 nm), green (532 nm), and blue (442 nm) laser light is scanned by coupling to the fiber scanner. The scanned illumination is detected in a non-confocal arrangement by having one or more optical fibers collecting the backscattered light at MHz pixel rates. Current 1-mm diameter catheterscopes generate 500-line images at maximum fields of view of 100 degrees and spatial resolutions of <20 microns with image zooming. Shaft length of four meters have been fabricated with flexibility of <10 mm bending radius to image previously inaccessible regions of the body.
Recent advances in biosurfactant-based association colloids—Self-assembly in water (2023)

Recent studies of self-assembly in binary systems of bio-surfactants, either of microbial origin or saponins extracted from plants, are reviewed. Saponins in water reported in the first section include aescin, glycyrrhizin, and quillaja saponins, while rhamnolipids are discussed in the second section on microbial surfactants. Studies of surface activities are a natural starting point of the characterization of surfactants, but here we focus mainly on physico-chemical and structural properties of self-assembled bulk structures in solution, often characterized by scattering techniques. When quantitative modelling is performed, self-assembly parameters like aggregation numbers, head group areas, and resulting shapes can be followed as a function of physical-chemical parameters like concentration, composition, temperature, or pH. Morphologies include micelles and their structural evolution with addition of other bio- or synthetic surfactants, co-surfactants, proteins or phospholipids.
The Multipath Estimating Delay Lock Loop - Approaching Theoretical Accuracy Limits (1993)

Abstract: This paper demonstrates that it is possible to largely reduce GPS code and carrier multipath errors by using a specific receiver structure which simultaneously estimates the parameters of line-of-sight plus multipath signals. Test result in various environments show an error reduction up to a factor of ten, as compared to a receiver with a small early-late spacing.
Ultrafast Exciton Dissociation and Long-Lived Charge Separation in a Photovoltaic Pentacene–MoS2 van der Waals Heterojunction (2016)

van der Waals heterojunctions between two-dimensional (2D) layered materials and nanomaterials of different dimensions present unique opportunities for gate-tunable optoelectronic devices. Mixed-dimensional p-n heterojunction diodes, such as p-type pentacene (0D) and n-type monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> (2D), are especially interesting for photovoltaic applications where the absorption cross-section and charge transfer processes can be tailored by rational selection from the vast library of organic molecules and 2D materials. Here, we study the kinetics of excited carriers in pentacene-MoS<sub>2</sub> p-n type-II heterojunctions by transient absorption spectroscopy. These measurements show that the dissociation of MoS<sub>2</sub> excitons occurs by hole transfer to pentacene on the time scale of 6.7 ps. In addition, the charge-separated state lives for 5.1 ns, up to an order of magnitude longer than the recombination lifetimes from previously reported 2D material heterojunctions. By studying the fractional amplitudes of the MoS<sub>2</sub> decay processes, the hole transfer yield from MoS<sub>2</sub> to pentacene is found to be ∼50%, with the remaining holes undergoing trapping due to surface defects. Overall, the ultrafast charge transfer and long-lived charge-separated state in pentacene-MoS<sub>2</sub> p-n heterojunctions suggest significant promise for mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures in photovoltaics, photodetectors, and related optoelectronic technologies.
Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy (2007)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 Feb 2007Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy Ralph ClaymanM.D. Ralph ClaymanRalph Clayman View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.10.103AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy." The Journal of Urology, 177(2), p. 638 Laparoscopic Live-Donor Nephrectomy 1 : Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy. Transplantation1995; 60: 1047. Google Scholar © 2007 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 2February 2007Page: 638 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2007 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Ralph Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Perinatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide causes dysregulation of dynorphins and an increase of neural precursor cells in the brain of adult male rats (2021)

Glyphosate, the most used herbicide worldwide, has been suggested to induce neurotoxicity and behavioral changes in rats after developmental exposure. Studies of human glyphosate intoxication have reported adverse effects on the nervous system, particularly in substantia nigra (SN). Here we used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) to study persistent changes in peptide expression in the SN of 90-day-old adult male Wistar rats. The animals were perinatally exposed to 3 % GBH (glyphosate-based herbicide) in drinking water (corresponding to 0.36 % of glyphosate) starting at gestational day 5 and continued up to postnatal day 15 (PND15). Peptides are present in the central nervous system before birth and play a critical role in the development and survival of neurons, therefore, observed neuropeptide changes could provide better understanding of the GBH-induced long term effects on SN. The results revealed 188 significantly altered mass peaks in SN of animals perinatally exposed to GBH. A significant reduction of the peak intensity (P < 0.05) of several peptides from the opioid-related dynorphin family such as dynorphin B (57 %), alpha-neoendorphin (50 %), and its endogenous metabolite des-tyrosine alpha-neoendorphin (39 %) was detected in the GBH group. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed a decreased dynorphin expression and showed a reduction of the total area of dynorphin immunoreactive fibers in the SN of the GBH group. In addition, a small reduction of dynorphin immunoreactivity associated with non-neuronal cells was seen in the hilus of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Perinatal exposure to GBH also induced an increase in the number of nestin-positive cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. In conclusion, the results demonstrate long-term changes in the adult male rat SN and hippocampus following a perinatal GBH exposure suggesting that this glyphosate-based formulation may perturb critical neurodevelopmental processes.
Thermal Conduction Switch for Thermal Management of Chip Scale Atomic Clocks (2006)

We report the first use of a bimetallic buckling disk as a thermal conduction switch. The disk is used to passively alter the thermal resistance of the package of a chip scale atomic clock. A vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and a cesium vapor cell, contained in the clock, must be maintained at 70±0.1°C even under an ambient temperature variation of -40°C to 50°C. A thermal test vehicle has been developed to characterize a sample package with a thermal conduction switch and has been modeled using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Three cases are presented for the temperature control of the test vehicle under different load placements and environmental conditions: 1) the center resistor in a vacuum package; 2) the center resistor packaged in air; and 3) the side resistor in a vacuum package. At 38°C, the switch snaps upward to reduce the thermal resistance. As a result, the heating power needed to maintain the same temperature is increased from 118 to 200 mW for Case 1. Such a significant change of the thermal resistance demonstrates the effectiveness of the novel thermal switch. However, the switch becomes less effective with air filling the gap, as in Case 2. More interestingly, the switch is not effective at all if the side resistor's temperature is to be controlled as in Case 3.
Schedule dependent synergy of gemcitabine and doxorubicin: Improvement of in vitro efficacy and lack of in vitro‐in vivo correlation (2017)

Combination chemotherapy is commonly used to treat late stage cancer; however, treatment is often limited by systemic toxicity. Optimizing drug ratio and schedule can improve drug combination activity and reduce dose to lower toxicity. Here, we identify gemcitabine (GEM) and doxorubicin (DOX) as a synergistic drug pair in vitro for the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Drug synergy and caspase activity were increased the most by exposing cells to GEM prior to DOX in vitro. While the combination was more effective than the single drugs at inhibiting MDA-MB-231 growth in vivo, the clear schedule dependence observed in vitro was not observed in vivo. Differences in drug exposure and cellular behavior in vivo compared to in vitro are likely responsible. This study emphasizes the importance in understanding how schedule impacts drug synergy and the need to develop more advanced strategies to translate synergy to the clinic.
Genetic Basis of Susceptibility to Environmentally Induced Neural Tube Defects (2000)

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common of all human congenital defects, with multifactorial etiologies comprising both environmental and genetic components. Several murine model systems have been developed in an effort to elucidate genetic factors regulating expression of NTDs. Strain-dependent differences in susceptibility to teratogenic insults and altered patterns of gene expression observed within the neuroepithelium of affected embryos support the hypothesis that subtle genetic changes can result in NTDs. Since several affected genes are folate-regulated, transgenic knockout mice lacking a functional folate receptor were developed. Nullizygous embryos died in utero with significant morphological defects, supporting the critical role of folic acid in early embryogenesis. While epidemiological studies have not established an association between polymorphisms in the human folate receptor gene and NTDs, it is known that folate supplementation reduces infant NTD risk. Continued efforts are therefore necessary to reveal the mechanism by which folate works and the nature of the gene(s) responsible for human NTDs.
Variables Affecting Central-Region Stability: The 'Operational Minimum' and Other Issues at Low Force Levels (1989)

Abstract : The negotiations on conventional forces in Europe (CFE) include the principle of mutual reductions to parity at force levels below NATO's current levels. The participants' proposals set limits on equipment such as main battle tanks and artillery in the Atlantic-to-the-Urals region and various subregions. This Note provides an analysis of the following issues: (1) defining and estimating the operational minimum, which is the operational-level strength of forces below which the feasibility of narrowly defined forward defense would be questionable (although by no means impossible) even under conditions of parity; (2) the significance for Central Region stability of the D-Day theater force ratio; (3) the potential stability at low force levels (i.e., below the operational minimum); and (4) possible CFE stabilizing measures. Keywords: Arms control; Operations research; Conventional warfare; Forward areas. (KR)
H2O2-Forming NADH Oxidase with Diaphorase (Cytochrome) Activity fromArchaeoglobus fulgidus (2001)

An enzyme exhibiting NADH oxidase (diaphorase) activity was isolated from the hyperthermophilic sulfate-reducing anaerobe Archaeoglobus fulgidus. N-terminal sequence of the protein indicates that it is coded for by open reading frame AF0395 in the A. fulgidus genome. The gene AF0395 was cloned and its product was purified from Escherichia coli. Like the native NADH oxidase (NoxA2), the recombinant NoxA2 (rNoxA2) has an apparent molecular mass of 47 kDa, requires flavin adenine dinucleotide for activity, has NADH-specific activity, and is thermostable. Hydrogen peroxide is the product of bivalent oxygen reduction by rNoxA2 with NADH. The rNoxA2 is an oxidase with diaphorase activity in the presence of electron acceptors such as tetrazolium and cytochrome c. During purification NoxA2 remains associated with the enzyme responsible for D-lactate oxidation, the D-lactate dehydrogenase (Dld), and the genes encoding NoxA2 and Dld are in the same transcription unit. Together these results suggest that NADH oxidase may be involved in electron transfer reactions resulting in sulfate respiration.
Cognoter (1986)

Cognoter is a program helps a cooperating group of people to organizing their thoughts for a presentation, e.g., a paper or talk. It is designed for use in the Colab, an experimental laboratory created at Xerox PARC to study computer support of cooperative real-time group problem-solving. Cognoter provides a multi-user interface and a structured meeting process. An annotated graph of ideas is built up by the group in three stages: brainstorming for idea generation, ordering for idea organization, and evaluation for choosing what will be finally be presented. Interesting aspects of Cognoter include direct spatial manipulation of ideas and their order relationships, support of parallel activity, and incremental progress toward a total ordering of ideas.