gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron-beam direct writing system employing character projection exposure with production dispatching rule (2005)

An electron-beam direct writing (EBDW) system with a character projection (CP) aperture is a promising candidate as an effective maskless lithography tool to realize a system on a chip fabrication process at low cost with quick turn-around time. We have proposed an approach to enhance the throughput of an EBDW system by using a production dispatching rule. Through an event-driven simulation analysis in the backend of the line, the effect of production dispatching rules on the throughput and the cost in an EBDW system is evaluated. We considered four kinds of dispatching rules, FIFO, APA, LWKR, and SLACK. FIFO is a usually used dispatching rule and gives the highest priority to the waiting lot that came in first at the EB lithography process. In APA, the highest priority is given to the waiting lot that does not require the CP aperture exchange. In LWKR, the highest priority is given to the waiting lot associated with the job having the least amount of total processing time remaining to be done. In SLACK, the highest priority is given to the waiting lot with the shortest slack. Simulated result shows that the EBDW system with APA enhances the throughput more than 1.2 times as compared to that with FIFO, LWKR, or SLACK, and has a throughput of 5wafers∕h or more. Furthermore, compared with the cost per chip for FIFO, the APA rule reduces the cost/chip by more than 30% at the cost minimum lot arrival rate point.
Supersymmetric quantum electronic states in graphene under uniaxial\n strain (2018)

We study uniaxially strained graphene under the influence of non-uniform\nmagnetic fields perpendicular to the material sample with a coordinate\nindependent strain tensor. For that purpose, we solve the Dirac equation with\nanisotropic Fermi velocity and explore the conditions upon which such an\nequation possesses a supersymmetric structure in the quantum mechanical sense\nthrough examples. Working in a Laudau-like gauge, wave functions and energy\neigenvalues are found analytically in terms of the magnetic field intensity,\nthe anisotropy scales and other relevant parameters that shape the magnetic\nfield profiles.\n
Reconfigurable 2 × 2 orbital angular momentum based optical switching of 50-Gbaud QPSK channels (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate a reconfigurable 2 × 2 switch for orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexed data-carrying optical beams. The switch can be configured to operate in either 'cross' or 'bar' state for each of the input OAM-multiplexed channels. The switching operation is demonstrated by operating the switch in five different configurations for the four OAM-multiplexed 50 Gbaud QPSK channels. An OSNR penalty < 2.5 dB is observed for the switched beams.
Amplitude-Limiting Feedback Control of Combustion Instability With a High-Momentum Air Jet (2004)

A new strategy that integrates low-frequency modulation of a high-momentum air-jet with amplitude feedback is presented for control of combustion oscillations in a swirl-stabilized spray combustor. The oscillations in the combustor of interest are dominated by an acoustic mode (235 Hz) with a low frequency (13 Hz) bulk-mode (of the upstream cavity) superimposed. An effective strategy for control is shown to be achieved through the use of a concept which utilizes low bandwidth modulation of a high-momentum air-jet that penetrates into the regions of positive Rayleigh index. It is shown that with a low frequency modulation (5 Hz) of the high momentum air-jet, the pressure oscillations can be reduced significantly (by a factor of nearly 6). Further improvement in control is achieved with an amplitude-limiting feedback strategy, in which, the valve opening and closing of the control air-jet is driven by the pressure amplitude relative to a specified threshold. The goal of the controller is to maintain pressure oscillations below the pre-set threshold level. With this strategy, the valve frequency and duty cycle are automatically adjusted based on the amplitude of the pressure signal. It is observed that modulation frequencies are typically in the range of 5–30 Hz (although higher frequencies, as high as 130 Hz, are needed occasionally). Duty cycles less than 50% are required for effective control. The amplitude-limiting feedback controller is shown to combine the benefits of low-bandwidth actuation, low-duty cycles, and greater reductions in pressure oscillations.
Influence of peptide ligand surface density and ethylene oxide spacer arm on the capture of porcine parvovirus (2009)

In previous work, we identified two trimeric peptide ligands (designated WRW and KYY), which bound specifically to porcine parvovirus (PPV) and demonstrated their ability to capture and remove the virus from solutions containing 7.5% human blood plasma. This article examines the influences of peptide density and the presence of an ethylene oxide spacer arm on the efficiency of virus capture using these two ligands. The WRW peptide bound the most virus from plasma solutions at the lowest peptide density tested (0.008 mmol/g dry resin), and binding was enhanced by the presence of the spacer arm. On the other hand, the KYY peptide bound the most viruses at the same low peptide density, but it performed better in the absence of the spacer arm. Of the two, the binding efficiency of the WRW peptide was more sensitive to peptide density and spacer arm presence. These results indicate that low peptide densities enhance binding selectivity, facilitating specific peptide-virus binding even in the presence of plasma proteins which can theoretically bind nonspecifically.
Valmar: High-bandwidth real-time streaming data management (2012)

In applications ranging from radio telescopes to Internet traffic monitoring, our ability to generate data has outpaced our ability to effectively capture, mine, and manage it. These ultra-high-bandwidth data streams typically contain little useful information and most of the data can be safely discarded. Periodically, however, an event of interest is observed and a large segment of the data must be preserved, including data preceding detection of the event. Doing so requires guaranteed data capture at source rates, line speed filtering to detect events and data points of interest, and TiVo-like ability to save past data once an event has been detected. We present Valmar, a system for guaranteed capture, indexing, and storage of ultra-high-bandwidth data streams. Our results show that Valmar performs at nearly full disk bandwidth, up to several orders of magnitude faster than flat file and database systems, works well with both small and large data elements, and allows concurrent read and search access without compromising data capture guarantees.
Location‐dependent controlled release kinetics of model hydrophobic compounds from mesoporous silicon/biopolymer composite fibers (2009)

Abstract In this study, biodegradable mesoporous Si (BioSilicon TM ) was loaded with cis‐(2,2′‐bipyridine) dichlororuthenium (II) (Ru complex) as a model hydrophobic compound. This ruthenium complex‐loaded BioSilicon TM was either partially embedded on the surface of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers or fully encapsulated within the fibers. To study release profiles in the above model delivery systems, porous Si/PCL constructs were soaked in DI water at 37 °C and the UV–Vis absorption spectrum of the supernatant was measured as a function of time. These results show that the Ru complex was released in a sustained manner over 7‐day period. In addition, it is shown that the controlled‐release of this complex depends on both the spatial location of the complex in the PCL fibrous scaffolds as well as the amount of Ru compound loaded in the mesoporous Si. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Slow Light Enhanced E-O Polymer Nano-Photonic Modulator with Ultra-High Effective In-Device r33 (2011)

We demonstrate an E-O polymer infiltrated silicon photonic crystal slot waveguide modulator. Enhanced by improved poling efficiency and slow light effect, we achieve an ultrahigh effective r33 of 735pm/V and VπL of only 0.44Vmm.
DEMO (2016)

Secure multi-party computation (SMPC) is a cryptographic tool that enables a set of parties to jointly compute any function of their inputs while keeping the privacy of inputs. The paper "High Throughput Semi-Honest Secure Three-Party Computation with an Honest Majority" in this ACM CCS 2016 [4] presents a new protocol which its implementation carried out over 1,300,000 AESs per second and was able to support 35,000 login queries of Kerberos authentication per second. This poster/demo presents the design of the implementation and demonstrates the Kerberos authentication over here. The design will show how this high-throughput three-party computation can be done using simple servers. The demonstration proves that secure multiparty computation of Kerberos authentications in large organizations is now practical.
Adiabatic Pulses Enhance Speed and Sensitivity of Geophysical Surface NMR Measurements for Groundwater Investigations (2015)

We present a new approach to improve the sensitivity and efficiency of geophysical surface nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. An extremely powerful tool in groundwater investigations, surface NMR inherently has a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which sometimes necessitates long survey times for signal averaging. In pursuit of faster survey speeds, we show that replacing the standard on-resonance excitation pulse with an adiabatic, frequency-swept pulse can provide significant increases in the NMR signal amplitude. This increase results from the fact that adiabatic pulses can excite larger volumes of groundwater more efficiently than conventional pulses. Using numerical simulations and full-scale field experiments, we show that adiabatic pulses can provide a factor of ~3 increase in signal, and suggest other advantages for groundwater imaging. The signal increase alone allows for data of equivalent SNR to be acquired in a fraction of the time required for conventional on-resonance pulses. Ultimately these improvements can allow surface NMR to be exploited in an expanding range of applications.
Study on cell culture processing system to improve task efficiency (2019)

In the field of regenerative medicine, cell processing is currently done manually. The process is labor intensive and expensive, and its efficiency must be improved. Automatic cell culture apparatuses equipped with a vertical articulated robot have been proposed recently. However, automating all tasks of cell processing complicates the system constitution. The present study aims to develop a simple and rational cell processing system by combining the tasks performed by a robot with those performed by a human. In a previous paper, we examine the efficiency improvement of the task of injecting culture media by using a robot. In the present paper, we propose an algorithm for variable injecting volume and conduct a verification experiment.
Spherical nanoindentation study of the deformation micromechanisms of LiTaO3 single crystals (2011)

Herein, spherical nanoindentation (NI) was used to investigate the room temperature deformation behavior of C-plane LiTaO3 single crystals loaded along the [0001] direction as a function of ion irradiation. When the NI load-displacement curves of 3 different nanoindenter radii (1.4 μm, 5 μm, and 21 μm) were converted to NI stress-strain curves, good agreement between them was found. The surface first deforms elastically – with a Young’s modulus of 205 ± 5 GPa, calculated from the stiffness versus contact radii curves and 207 ± 3 GPa measured using a Berkovich tip – and then plastically deforms at ≈ 6 GPa. Repeated loading into the same location results in large, reproducible, fully reversible, nested hysteresis loops attributed to the formation of incipient kink bands (IKBs). The latter are coaxial fully reversible dislocation loops that spontaneously shrink when the load is removed. The IKBs most probably nucleate within the (101−2) twins that form near the surface. The sharper radii resulted in twin nucleation at lower stresses. The changes in the reversible loops’ shape and areas can be related to the width of the twins that form. The latter were proportional to the nanoindenter tip radii and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and by the fact that larger threshold stresses were needed for IKB nucleation with the smaller tip sizes. No effect of irradiation was observed on the NI response, presumably because of the mildness of the irradiation damage.
Higher-Order Modelling of Media Interfaces for Enhanced FDTD Analysis of Microwave Circuits (1994)

The 1st and 2nd order accurate models of media interfaces are originally developed and incorporated into the FDTD method. Both models are shown to provide unambiguous results and increased fidelity of the FDTD method for inhomogeneous microwave circuits. They combine computational effectiveness of standard FDTD with accuracy equal or superior to that of nonorthogonal FDTD and FETD formulations. For practical problems the 1st order model proves satisfactory, the 2nd order model becomes feasible for coarse discretization.
Direct Electrical Neurostimulation with Organic Pigment Photocapacitors (2018)

An efficient nanoscale semiconducting optoelectronic system is reported, which is optimized for neuronal stimulation: the organic electrolytic photocapacitor. The devices comprise a thin (80 nm) trilayer of metal and p-n semiconducting organic nanocrystals. When illuminated in physiological solution, these metal-semiconductor devices charge up, transducing light pulses into localized displacement currents that are strong enough to electrically stimulate neurons with safe light intensities. The devices are freestanding, requiring no wiring or external bias, and are stable in physiological conditions. The semiconductor layers are made using ubiquitous and nontoxic commercial pigments via simple and scalable deposition techniques. It is described how, in physiological media, photovoltage and charging behavior depend on device geometry. To test cell viability and capability of neural stimulation, photostimulation of primary neurons cultured for three weeks on photocapacitor films is shown. Finally, the efficacy of the device is demonstrated by achieving direct optoelectronic stimulation of light-insensitive retinas, proving the potential of this device platform for retinal implant technologies and for stimulation of electrogenic tissues in general. These results substantiate the conclusion that these devices are the first non-Si optoelectronic platform capable of sufficiently large photovoltages and displacement currents to enable true capacitive stimulation of excitable cells.
Analysis of transverse modes of nitride-based laser diodes (2002)

The analysis of the perpendicular far field patterns of nitride-based laser diodes with various types of AlGaN cladding layers is demonstrated. Other results obtained with our nitride-based laser diodes are also demonstrated and discussed.
Estimating mixture models of images and inferring spatial transformations using the EM algorithm (2003)

Mixture modeling and clustering algorithms are effective, simple ways to represent images using a set of data centers. However, in situations where the images include background clutter and transformations such as translation, rotation, shearing and warping, these methods extract data centers that include clutter and represent different transformations of essentially the same data. Taking face images as an example, it would be more useful for the different clusters to represent different poses and expressions, instead of cluttered versions of different translations, scales and rotations. By including clutter and transformation as unobserved, latent variables in a mixture model, we obtain a new "transformed mixture of Gaussians", which is invariant to a specified set of transformations. We show how a linear-time EM algorithm can be used to fit this model by jointly estimating a mixture model for the data and inferring the transformation for each image. We show that this algorithm can jointly align images of a human head and learn different poses. We also find that the algorithm performs better than k-nearest neighbors and mixtures of Gaussians on handwritten digit recognition.
Integrated hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion (IH2®) for the direct production of gasoline and diesel fuels or blending components from biomass, Part 2: continuous testing (2013)

Cellulosic biomass can be directly converted to high‐quality hydrocarbon transportation fuels through the use of integrated hydropyrolysis plus hydroconversion (IH 2® ). IH 2® is a new process which has been developed which has excellent economics, and low greenhouse gas emissions. Experimental data from a 50 kg/day continuous IH 2® pilot plant is presented which demonstrates the production of high‐quality gasoline and diesel fuels over 750 h of continuous testing. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 762–768, 2014
Crystalline Ropes of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes: Structure, Electronic Transport and Intercalation (1998)

Abstract X-ray diffraction and resistivity measurements on bulk single-wall carbon nanotube material are described. The tubes self-organize during growth into a triangular lattice. The temperature dependence of the resistivity is consistent with a metallic system at high temperatures.
Quasiliving Carbocationic Polymerization. XII. Forced Ideal Copolymerization of lsobutylene with Styrene (1982)

Abstract Forced ideal carbocationic copolymerization of isobutylene/styrene systems has been achieved by continuous addition of mixed monomer feeds to 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane/TiCl4 in n-hexane/methylene chloride charge by keeping the input rate equal to the overall rate of copolymerization. The composition of the copolymers was identical to that of the feeds over the entire monomer concentration range. The number-average molecular weight of the copolymers increased almost linearly with the amount of consumed monomers at higher isobutylene concentrations in the feed. The molecular weight increase was less pronounced at higher styrene concentration because more methylene chloride had to be used in the solvent system to keep the copolymer in solution. The micro-structure of the copolymers is uniform as determined by gel permeation chromatography (UV plus RI) and 13C-NMR spectroscopy According to these studies, true copolymers have formed. The probability of triads in the copolymer has been determined.
Advanced Themal Storage System and Material Development For Vehicles (2016)

CO2 emissions reduction and Fuel Consumption improvement for vehicles have been required due to the rising interest of environmental and energy problems. To improve fuel economy at warm-up or cabin heater use, unused thermal energy can be utilized. However, high-performance thermal storage materials have not been adopted for vehicles so far. In this study, we report the research and development of a high heat output and high-heat volume thermal storage system by using porous metal and focusing on the adsorbent phenomenon.
Automated Controller Calibration by Kalman Filtering (2023)

This article proposes a method for calibrating control parameters. The examples of such control parameters are gains of proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers, weights of a cost function for optimal control, filter coefficients, the sliding surface of a sliding mode controller, or weights of a neural network. Hence, the proposed method can be applied to a wide range of controllers. The method uses a Kalman filter that estimates control parameters, using data of closed-loop system operation. The control parameter calibration is driven by a training objective, which encompasses specifications on the performance of the dynamical system. The performance-driven calibration method tunes the parameters online and robustly, is computationally efficient, has low data storage requirements, and is easy to implement, making it appealing for many real-time applications. Simulation results show that the method is able to learn control parameters quickly, is able to tune the parameters to compensate for disturbances, and is robust to noise. A simulation study with the high-fidelity vehicle simulator CarSim shows that the method can calibrate controllers of a complex dynamical system online, which indicates its applicability to a real-world system. We also verify the real-time feasibility on an embedded platform with automotive-grade processors by implementing our method on a dSPACE MicroAutoBox-II rapid prototyping unit.
Light-Deactivated Fluorescent Probes (FLASH-Off) for Multiplexed Imaging (2023)

Highly multiplexed, cyclic fluorescence imaging has advanced our understanding of the biology, evolution, and complexity of human diseases. Currently available cyclic methods still have considerable limitations including the need for long quenching times and extensive wash steps. Here, we report a new series of fluorochromes that can be efficiently inactivated by a single light pulse (∼405 nm) by means of a photo-immolating triazene linker. Upon UV-light irradiation, the rhodamines are cleaved off from the antibody conjugates and undergo a fast intramolecular spirocyclization that inherently switches off their fluorescence emission without the need to wash or add exogenous chemicals. We show that these switch-off probes are fast, highly controllable, biocompatible, and allow spatiotemporal quenching control of live and fixed samples.
Biomechanical Analysis of Supracondylar Humerus Fracture Pinning for Slightly Malreduced Fractures (2008)

Background: The most common position of malreduced type III supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures is internal rotation and medial collapse of the distal fragment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of SCH fracture rotational deformity on stability with various pin configurations. Specifically, is the biomechanical stability lost when an SCH fracture is pinned in slight malreduction (compared with anatomical pinning) improved by adding a third pin? Methods: Sixty-four synthetic humeri were sectioned in the mid-olecranon fossa to simulate an SCH fracture. Specimens were randomized to an anatomically reduced group or a group with 20 degrees of distal fragment internal rotation (n = 32 per group). Each was randomized to one of 4 pin configurations: 2 laterally divergent pins, 2 crossed pins, 3 laterally divergent pins, or 2 lateral with 1 medial pin (n = 8 per group). All fractures were stabilized with 1.6 mm (0.062 in) Kirschner wires. Models were tested in extension, varus, and valgus for 10 cycles between 5 N and 50 N. Internal and external rotations were tested between ±1 Nm. Data for fragment stiffness (newtons per millimeter or newton millimeters per degree) were analyzed with a 2-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Results: Internally rotated fractures were significantly less stable than the anatomically reduced group for external rotation, internal rotation, and varus loading regardless of pin configuration. Within the malreduced group, 3-pin configurations were more stable than 2-pin configurations in internal rotation, varus, and extension loading. Two lateral divergent pins were similar to 2 crossed pins, except in extension, where 2 lateral pins had greater stiffness. Conclusions: Construct stiffness for malreduced specimens after pinning was less than those pinned with an anatomical reduction when loaded in varus, internal rotation, and external rotation. For simulated fractures with residual internal rotation, the addition of a third Kirschner wire compared with an anatomically reduced 2-crossed-pin configuration resulted in increased stiffness of the model for all loading directions. Clinical Relevance: Consider a 3-pin pattern, either 3 laterally divergent pins or 2 lateral pins and 1 medial pin, for SCH fractures when a less than complete anatomical reduction is obtained.