gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2311: Analysis of glypican 3-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma cell and mouse models (2019)

Abstract Background: Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a cell surface protein that is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods and Results: In this report, we analyzed two chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting GPC3, CAR (HN3) recognizes the N-lobe of GPC3 while CAR (hYP7) targets the C-lobe that is close to the cell surface. In a real-time cell cytolytic assay, we found that CAR (hYP7) T cells showed higher cytolytic activity than CAR(HN3) T cells at an E:T ratio of 2:1 when co-cultured with HepG2 cells for up to 140 hours. The Luminex analysis showed that CAR (hYP7) T cells produced significantly more Th1/Th2 cytokines and chemokines than CAR (HN3) T cells following exposure to Hep3B and HepG2 cells. In the Hep3B peritoneal dissemination xenograft mouse model, a single intraperitoneal infusion of CAR (hYP7) cells exhibited sustainable antitumor efficacy, and all of the mice survived without recurrence 10 weeks post treatment. Strikingly, we demonstrated that single injection of CAR (hYP7) T cells derived from either healthy donor or HCC patient significantly regressed tumor growth in the orthotopic HCC mouse model. Using a highly sensitive droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), we detected high frequencies of CAR T cells in the spleen and tumor microenvironment of mice in the CAR (hYP7) group. By contrast, CD19 CAR T cells showed no sign of gene integration in either tissue. More importantly, we found that CD8+ CAR (hYP7) T cells recovered from mouse spleens exhibited much higher lytic activity against HCC cells than CD4+ CAR (hYP7) T cells. Finally, we found that the GPC3-targeted CAR T cells downregulated the Wnt signaling in HCC cells. Conclusion: The hYP7 antibody-derived GPC3-specific CAR is a promising therapeutic that could be tested for the treatment of advanced stage liver cancer. Citation Format: Dan Li, Nan Li, Yifan Zhang, Haiying Fu, Zhijian Duan, Alissa Hummer, Hongjia Yang, Madeline B. Torres, Xiaoling Luo, Ling Su, Hu Zhu, Josh Kramer, Jinqiu Chen, Xiaolin Wu, Matthew Hall, Qun Wang, Stephen Hewitt, Tim Greten, Mitchell Ho. Analysis of glypican 3-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma cell and mouse models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2311.
Homeodomain transcription factors regulate BMP‐2‐induced osteoactivin transcription in osteoblasts (2011)

Osteoactivin (OA) is required for the differentiation of osteoblast cells. OA expression is stimulated by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). BMP-2 recruits homeodomain transcription factors Dlx3, Dlx5, and Msx2 to selectively activate or repress transcription of osteogenic genes and hence tightly regulate their transcription during osteoblast differentiation. Considering the key roles of Dlx3, Dlx5, and Msx2 in osteoblast differentiation, here we hypothesize that homeodomain proteins regulate BMP-2-induced OA transcription during osteoblast differentiation. Four classical homeodomain binding sites were identified in the proximal 0.96 kb region of rat OA promoter. Deletions and mutagenesis studies of the OA promoter region indicated that all four homeodomain binding sites are crucial for BMP-2-induced OA promoter activity. Simultaneous disruption of homeodomain binding sites at -852 and -843 of the transcription start site of OA gene significantly decreased the BMP-2-induced OA transcription and inhibited binding of Dlx3, Dlx5, and Msx2 proteins to the OA promoter. Dlx3 and Dlx5 proteins were found to activate the OA transcription, whereas, Msx2 suppressed BMP-2-induced OA transcription. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrated that the OA promoter is predominantly occupied by Dlx3 and Dlx5 during the proliferation and matrix maturation stages of osteoblast differentiation, respectively. During the matrix mineralization stage, BMP-2 robustly enhanced the recruitment of Dlx5 and to a lesser extent of Dlx3 and Msx2 to the OA promoter region. Collectively, our results show that the BMP-2-induced OA transcription is differentially regulated by Dlx3, Dlx5, and Msx2 during osteoblast differentiation.
Accelerating RRAM Testing with a Low-cost Computation-in-Memory based DFT (2022)

Emerging non-volatile resistive RAM (RRAM) device technology has shown great potential to cultivate not only high-density memory storage, but also energy-efficient computing units. However, the unique challenges related to RRAM fabrication process render the traditional memory testing solutions inefficient and inadequate for high product quality. This paper presents low-cost design-for-testability (DFT) solutions that augment the testing process and improve the fault coverage. A computation-in-memory (CIM) based DFT is realized to expedite the detection and diagnosis of faults by developing logic designs involving multi-row activation. A novel addressing scheme is introduced to facilitate the diagnosis of faults. Reconfigurable logic designs are developed to detect unique RRAM faults that offer features such as programmable reference generations, period, and voltage of operation. DFT implementations are validated on a post-layout extracted platform and testing sequences are introduced by incorporating the proposed DFTs. Results show that more than 2.3× speedup and better coverage are achieved with 6× area reduction when compared with state-of-the-art solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Synthesis via Organoboranes. Part 32. Synthesis of B‐(Cycloalk‐ 2‐enyl)diisopinocampheylboranes of High Enantiomeric Purity via the Asymmetric Hydroboration of Cycloalka‐1,3‐dienes. Successful Asymmetric Allylborations of Aldehydes with B‐(Cycloalk‐2‐enyl) diisopinocampheylboranes. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inspection of machine parts by backprojection reconstruction (2005)

Extraction of 3D information from 2D views is an important problem in the inspection of manufactured parts. Inspection for defects and correctness of shape and size requires accurate 3D information. In this paper we present a method for 3D reconstruction by backprojection of 2D views. This method uses readily available passive imaging sensors and a computer-controlled positioner to directly produce a 3D reconstruction of the part. Consistency based processing is introduced as a method of increasing reconstruction accuracy by exploiting redundant data in the multiple images. Maximum effciency and accuracy in reconstruction is achieved using optimal view patterns and reliable silhouette extraction techniques. Although this method is applicable to the inspection of general machine parts, our immediate application was in the inspection of laser-drilled rivet holes and laser-drilled cooling holes in jet engine turbine blades.
Slow crack growth measurement using an electrical grid (1986)

Photolithography was used to produce a resistance grid on the surface of a DCB fracture specimen. The grid line spacings were 10 microns over a distance of 2 cm. Slow crack growth was measured on soda-lime-silica glass. At low values of K(I) (0.3 to 0.4 MPa.sq r + m, increased. Equations are given for the design of grids. The grid technique could be used to measure very slow crack growth at high temperature with appropriate compatible metal-ceramic materials.
Improved bladder emptying in urinary retention by electrical stimulation of pudendal afferents (2008)

Urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder completely, and may result from bladder hypocontractility, increases in outlet resistance or both. Chronic urinary retention can lead to several urological complications and is often refractory to pharmacologic, behavioral and surgical treatments. We sought to determine whether electrical stimulation of sensory fibers in the pudendal nerve could engage an augmenting reflex and thereby improve bladder emptying in an animal model of urinary retention. We measured the efficiency of bladder emptying with and without concomitant electrical stimulation of pudendal nerve afferents in urethane-anesthetized rats. Voiding efficiency (VE = voided volume/initial volume) was reduced from 72 +/- 7% to 29 +/- 7% following unilateral transection of the sensory branch of the pudendal nerve (UST) and from 70 +/- 5% to 18 +/- 4% following bilateral transection (BST). Unilateral electrical stimulation of the proximal transected sensory pudendal nerve during distention-evoked voiding contractions significantly improved VE. Low-intensity stimulation at frequencies of 1-50 Hz increased VE to 40-51% following UST and to 39-49% following BST, while high-intensity stimulation was ineffective at increasing VE. The increase in VE was mediated by increases in the duration of distention-evoked voiding bladder contractions, rather than increases in contraction amplitude. These results are consistent with an essential role for pudendal sensory feedback in efficient bladder emptying, and raise the possibility that electrical activation of pudendal nerve afferents may provide a new approach to restore efficient bladder emptying in persons with urinary retention.
Monitoring Anhydride and Acid Conversion in Supercritical/Hydrothermal Water by in Situ Fiber-Optic Raman Spectroscopy (1998)

The hydrolysis of acetic anhydride to acetic acid in a hydrothermal/supercritical water reactor is monitored via in situ fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy to demonstrate the use of in situ spectroscopy to gain understanding of reaction kinetics and thermodynamics. We discuss the instrumentation used to make measurements in this harsh, corrosive medium, the multivariate mathematical methods used to interpret the spectroscopy, and the mass balance relationships used to convert the result into kinetic and thermodynamic information. From the intensity relationships and temperature information, Ea for the hydrolysis reaction is estimated and compared to literature values. Also, ΔH and ΔS are estimated for a change in solvation environment of acetic acid at high temperatures.
A Computational and Experimental Comparison of Two Outlet Stators for the Nimbus LVAD (1999)

Two designs of an outlet stator for the Nimbus axial flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) are analyzed at nominal operating conditions. The original stator assembly (Design 1) has significant flow separation and reversal. A second stator assembly (Design 2) replaces the original tubular outer housing with a converging-diverging throat section with the intention of locally improving the fluid dynamics. Both stator designs are analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and experimental particle imaging flow visualization (PIFV). The computational and experimental methods indicate: 1) persistent regions of flow separation in Design 1 and improved fluid dynamics in Design 2; 2) blade-toblade velocity fields that are well organized at the blade tip yet chaotic at the blade hub for both designs; and 3) a moderate decrease in pressure recovery for Design 2 as compared with Design 1. The CFD analysis provides the necessary insight to identify a subtle, localized flow acceleration responsible for the decreased hydraulic efficiency of Design 2. In addition, the curiously low thrombogenicity of Design 1 is explained by the existence of a three-dimensional unsteady vortical flow structure that enhances boundary advection.
Tumor Angiogenesis: Initiation and Targeting - Therapeutic Targeting of an FGF-Binding Protein, an Angiogenic Switch Molecule, and Indicator of Early Stages of Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinomas - (2006)

Tumor angiogenesis has been related to the initiation as well as progression toward more aggressive behavior of human tumors. In particular, the activity of angiogenic factors is crucial for tumor progression. We previously characterized a secreted fibroblast growth factor-binding protein (FGF-BP) as a chaperone molecule, which binds to various FGFs, enhances FGF-mediated biochemical and biologic events and importantly is a crucial rate-limiting factor for tumor-dependent angiogenesis. We generated monoclonal antibodies that target FGF-BP protein and used them as a tool to evaluate frequency and pattern of FGF-BP expression during the malignant progression of pancreas and colorectal carcinoma in archival tissue samples. We found that FGF-BP is dramatically upregulated during the initiation of colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Crucial genetic events underlying the initiation and progression of colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma with a particular focus on the modulation of angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapies are discussed. We propose that the upregulation of the secreted FGF-BP protein during early phases of pancreas and colon cancer could make this protein a possible serum marker indicating the presence of high-risk premalignant lesions. Furthermore, the biological activity of FGF-BP is neutralized by monoclonal antibodies suggesting the potential for antibody-based therapeutic targeting.
Waste heat recovery in supercomputers and 3D integrated liquid cooled electronics (2012)

Ever increasing device density in electronic chips is beneficial for enhancing their computing efficiency. However, it also introduces severe challenges with respect to cooling solution which are indispensible for ensuring a reliable chip operation. Such steady miniaturization will soon render the traditional air cooling strategies futile and make the switching to liquid cooling inevitable. Superior thermal properties and ubiquitous availability make water the most suitable candidate as coolant. Building up on the reported studies in the literature, which have already established the feasibility of water as coolant, here we show that the superior thermal properties of water make it possible to cool electronic chips and data centers using hot water with inlet temperature up to 60°C. The concept is demonstrated through measurements on a copper made scalable manifold microchannel heat sink and a hot water cooled data center prototype. The high exergetic efficiency achieved using hot water cooling should make it possible to reuse the heat otherwise discarded in data centers and therefore improve the overall system efficiency and lower the carbon foot print of the data centers. Finally, the encouraging results are used to model water cooling of 3D chip stacks using an interlayer integrated cooling approach. The model results are compared with measurements on a model simulator and good agreement is found, which lays the ground work for realizing a model based optimization of integrated cooling structures for 3D chip stacks.
Effect of Chemicals on Metal Contamination on Silicon Wafers (1992)

Chemicals from various suppliers were tested for the metal contamination levels left on silicon wafers after cleaning. During the investigations, hydrochloric acids and ammonium hydroxides from three vendors and hydrogen peroxides from four vendors, were evaluated. The wafers were cleaned in RCA standard solutions, after which particle counts and metal contamination were measured. Total reflection x‐ray fluorescence analysis was used for metal contamination measurements. Hot ammonium hydroxide‐hydrogen peroxide mixture (APM), an efficient particle remover, results in iron deposition on silicon. The amount of deposited iron is strongly dependent on the quality of the peroxide used in the mixture, and it can be reduced by using a shorter cleaning time. The deposition rate of iron on a wafer is probably diffusion limited for short times before the equilibrium is reached between the metal concentrations on the wafer and in the solution. The iron concentration after APM is not very sensitive to the age of the chemical mixture. There is, however, more zinc deposited in an aged chemical mixture. The same type, but weaker, dependence of iron concentration on chemical supplier observed after APM was also found after hot hydrochloric acid‐hydrogen peroxide mixture (HPM). The iron concentrations were much lower. The HPM mixture however, causes a considerable increase in particle counts. These particles are, fortunately, loosely bound to the wafer surface and can therefore be easily removed. The copper concentration on silicon remained essentially constant, independent of chemical supplier, cleaning solution, or the time used for the cleaning. If APM is used as the last cleaning solution, the choice of the peroxide supplier is critical. However, if HPM is used, all the tested chemical grades give essentially the same metal contamination levels.
BIM Expression in Treatment-Naïve Cancers Predicts Responsiveness to Kinase Inhibitors (2011)

Cancers with specific genetic mutations are susceptible to selective kinase inhibitors. However, there is a wide spectrum of benefit among cancers harboring the same sensitizing genetic mutations. Herein, we measured apoptotic rates among cell lines sharing the same driver oncogene following treatment with the corresponding kinase inhibitor. There was a wide range of kinase inhibitor-induced apoptosis despite comparable inhibition of the target and associated downstream signaling pathways. Surprisingly, pretreatment RNA levels of the BH3-only pro-apoptotic BIM strongly predicted the capacity of EGFR, HER2, and PI3K inhibitors to induce apoptosis in EGFR-mutant, HER2-amplified, and PIK3CA-mutant cancers, respectively, but BIM levels did not predict responsiveness to standard chemotherapies. Furthermore, BIM RNA levels in EGFR-mutant lung cancer specimens predicted response and duration of clinical benefit from EGFR inhibitors. These findings suggest assessment of BIM levels in treatment-naïve tumor biopsies may indicate the degree of benefit from single-agent kinase inhibitors in multiple oncogene-addiction paradigms.
Endoluminal Therapy with Endovascular Grafts (1996)

The addition of balloon-expandable stents to conventional graft material allows minimally invasive repair of aortic and other aneurysms, arterial occlusions, and arterial trauma. Vascular access can be made at a site far from the pathology.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Dynamic NMR Studies of Heptachloro‐7‐(dihalomethyl) naphthalenes. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High Repetition Rate, mJ-Level, mid-IR OPCPA System (2014)

We describe a kHz repetition-rate mid-IR laser system based on OPCPA, optimized for soft x-ray high harmonic generation. To date we have demonstrated 1.4mJ at 1.6µm, and 550µJ at 3µm, each with bandwidth compressible to <100fs.
Re-entrant spin glass behaviour and magneto-dielectric effect in insulating Sm2NiMnO6 double perovskite (2013)

The structure and magneto-dielectric properties of Sm2NiMnO6 double perovskite have been investigated. The pure monoclinic bulk phase of Sm2NiMnO6 is an intrinsic B-site disordered ferromagnet showing a second order magnetic phase transition ∼157 K, along with a low temperature re-entrant spin glass-like transition (∼20 K) due to the inherent coupling of Ni–Mn network with Sm3+ ion. Moreover, it is an insulator with room temperature dc resistivity ∼108 Ω cm. Furthermore, the high dielectric permittivity (∼103) coupled with a shift in dielectric maxima towards higher temperature with frequency, analysis of the phenomenological parameters (Tm, TB, γ, ΔTrelax), and the validity of non-linear Vogel–Fulcher relation, we define this ferromagnetic insulator as a relaxor-type dielectric material. Importantly, it exhibits a positive intrinsic magneto-dielectric (MD) response ∼2% at 100 kHz under a low magnetic field of 0.5 T close to 150 K. The intrinsic MD effect indicates a correlation between spin orientations on the two magnetic sublattices (Ni and Mn) and the magneto-dielectric coupling in the ferromagnetic regime. The insulating ferromagnetic behaviour coupled with MD effect make Sm2NiMnO6 an attractive spintronic material.
Interactions at the outside faces of calix (2000)

Attractive pi-pi interactions between two of the four outside cavity faces of 1,3-bis-pyridylmethylcalix[4]arene (1) and both faces of 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (2a) form infinite one-dimensional non-covalent ribbons where the two modules alternate. These ribbons are cross-linked by electron donor-acceptor interactions between picolyl nitrogen atoms of calixarene 1 in one chain and iodine atoms of perfluoroarene 2a in another chain and the two-dimensional supramolecular network 3a is formed. A similar behaviour is also shown by 1,4-dibromotetrafluorobenzene (2b). The halogen bonding and the attractive pi-pi interactions occur in directions which are nearly orthogonal each other. Diiodotetrafluorobenzene, being involved in both these interactions, appears to be a particularly interesting tecton. The ability of electron-poor arenes to elicit the exo-receptor potential of calixarene module by connecting their outside faces through pi-pi interactions may be developed as a new and general binding protocol in calixarene self-assembly processes.
Emerging GaN Power Devices for Efficient & Compact Power Conversion (2018)

While Silicon Carbide (SiC) power devices have dominated the wide bandgap landscape in the past 20 years, Gallium Nitride (GaN) power devices have also been the subject of numerous investigations and research work. Even though GaN lacks a bulk substrate, it can easily be grown on other substrates such as Silicon (Si). In this paper, extensive characterization of commercially available 100V to 650V GaN on Si power devices, using an extremely low inductance double pulse test circuit, are presented. The results and their impact on various industrial applications ranging from ultrasound power supplies, point of load (PoL) converters, microinverters, to hybrid electric vehicles' dc/dc converters are described.
Short-cavity multimode fiber-tip Fabry-Pérot sensors (2013)

We make the case for minimizing cavity length of extrinsic Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavities for use in fiber-tip sensors. Doing so mitigates multiple challenges that arise from using multimode fibers: mode averaging, phase uncertainty, amplitude reduction, and spectral modal noise. We explore these effects in detail using modal simulations, and construct pressure sensors based on this principle. We discuss the multimodal effects that we observe in our fiber sensors, and use simple filtering of the spectral signal to more easily measure pressure sensitivity. The concept of short-cavity FP interferometry is important for ensuring high quality and performance of multimode fiber sensors.
Superlattice band structure probed by tunneling hot-electron injection (1992)

Tunneling hot-electron injection is used to probe superlattice (SL) minibands and the effect of a magnetic field (B) on a 10-μm infrared (IR) detector. Within each miniband, the data agree with the transmission calculation including nonparabolicity, but outside the miniband, the data show that around 15% of electrons can pass through the SL due to impurity scattering. When B is applied, the injection energy of the hot electrons increases slightly. For the IR detector samples, a Gaussian hot-electron distribution gives a better fit to the data than the Lorentzian one, indicating that inhomogeneous broadening is significant in these devices.