gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On high-bandwidth data cache design for multi-issue processors (1997)

Highly aggressive multi-issue processor designs of the past few years and projections for the decade, require that we redesign the operation of the cache memory system. The number of instructions that must be processed (including incorrectly predicted ones) will approach 16 or more per cycle. Since memory operations account for about a third of all instructions executed, these systems will have to support multiple data references per cycle. In this paper, we explore reference stream characteristics to determine how best to meet the need for ever increasing access rates. We identify limitations of existing multi-ported cache designs and propose a new structure, the Locally-Based Interleaved Cache (LBIC), to exploit the characteristics of the data reference stream while approaching the economy of traditional multi-bank cache design. Experimental results show that the LBIC structure is capable of outper forming current multi-ported approaches.
Complete Stokes vector analysis with a compact, portable rotating waveplate polarimeter (2021)

Accurate calibration of polarization dependent optical elements is often necessary in optical experiments. A versatile polarimeter device to measure the polarization state of light is a valuable tool in these experiments. Here we report a rotating waveplate-based polarimeter capable of complete Stokes vector analysis of collimated light. Calibration of the device allows accurate measurements over a range of wavelengths, with a bandwidth of >30 nm in this implementation. A photo-interrupter trigger system supplies the phase information necessary for full determination of the Stokes vector. An Arduino microcontroller performs rapid analysis and displays the results on a liquid crystal display. The polarimeter is compact and can be placed anywhere on an optical table on a single standard post. The components to construct the device are only a fraction of the cost of commercially available devices while the accuracy and precision of the measurements are of the same order of magnitude.
Supplemental Figures S1-S7 and Supplemental Table S1 from A Unified Approach to Targeting the Lysosome's Degradative and Growth Signaling Roles (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures and Table&lt;/p&gt;
NMR Quantum Information Processing (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Flexible Hydrophobic Antifouling Coating with Oriented Nanotopography and Nonleaking Capsaicin (2018)

Incorporating natural product antifoulants (NPAs) into coatings with controlled surface topography is considered a promising way to suppress marine fouling. However, the rapid leakage of NPAs and the relatively complicated process of constructing well-patterned topography remain unresolved problems for practical applications. In this work, capsaicin bonded to CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/gelatin magnetic nanoparticles was mixed with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based block copolymer. When applied together by a simple spray-coating method, these materials formed a film. The leakage of capsaicin was restrained by the chemical bonds with the CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/gelatin nanospheres. The primary nanorough structure was constructed by the phase separation of the PDMS-based copolymer. The secondary nanorough structure was formed by the incorporation of capsaicin-loaded CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/gelatin nanospheres, which were demonstrated to improve the orientation of the PDMS-based block copolymer chains. The combination of oriented nanotopography and nonleaking capsaicin endows the coating with enhanced, long-lasting antifouling ability.
Emergency use of uridine triacetate for the prevention and treatment of life‐threatening 5‐fluorouracil and capecitabine toxicity (2016)

In these studies, uridine triacetate was a safe and effective lifesaving antidote for capecitabine and 5-FU overexposure, and it facilitated the rapid resumption of chemotherapy. Cancer 2017;123:345-356. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
CMOS integration of InGaAs nMOSFETs and Ge pMOSFETs with self-align Ni-based metal S/D using direct wafer bonding (2011)

We have successfully demonstrated the CMOS integration of InGaAs nMOSFETs and Ge pMOSFETs with self-align Ni-InGaAs and Ni-Ge metal source/drain (S/D) on a Ge substrate, by using direct wafer bonding (DWB), for the first time. Ni-based metal S/D allows us to fabricate high performance nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs simultaneously at the single-step S/D formation process. The fabricated InGaAs nMOSFET and Ge pMOSFET have exhibited the high electron and hole mobilities of 1800 and 260 cm2/Vs and the mobility enhancement against Si of 3.5× and 2.3×, respectively.
Simulations of Drug Diffusion in Biomembranes (1995)

Bioavailability, largely due to membrane permeation, is an important step in the drug delivery process and therefore drug design. Here we discuss, over 10nsec of molecular dynamics simulation of small molecules in lipid bilayer membranes that were used to elucidate the mechanism of diffusion of drugs within biomembranes. These simulations accurately reproduce many experimentally observed parameters. The simulations also agree with theory that indicates the lipids have internal structure that influences the diffusion process. These simulations show that even within the hydrocarbon chains there are distinct regions between which the rate and mechanism of diffusion varies. These variations are linked to the frequency and size of spontaneously arising voids within the bilayer as well as the rate of torsional isomerization of the hydrocarbon chains.
Graphene: A Dynamic Platform for Electrical Control of Plasmonic Resonance (2014)

Abstract: Graphene has recently emerged as a viable platform for integrated optoelectronic and hybrid photonic devices because of its unique properties. The optical properties of graphene can be dynamically controlled by electrical voltage and have been used to modulate the plasmons in noble metal nanostructures. Graphene has also been shown to support highly confined intrinsic plasmons, with properties that can be tuned in the wavelength range of 2 μm to 100 μm. Here we review the recent development in graphene‐plasmonic devices and identify some of the key challenges for practical applications of such hybrid devices.
Vascular Histomolecular Analysis by Sequential Endoarterial Biopsy in a Shunt Model of Pulmonary Hypertension (2013)

The molecular mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remain ill-defined. The aims of this study were to obtain sequential endoarterial biopsy samples in a surgical porcine model of PAH and assess changes in histology and mRNA expression during the disease progression. Differentially expressed genes were then analyzed as potential pharmacological targets. Four Yucatan micro-pigs underwent surgical anastomosis of the left pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. Endovascular samples were obtained with a biopsy catheter at baseline (before surgery) and from the left lung 7, 60, and 180 days after surgery. RNA was isolated from biopsy samples, amplified and analyzed. Dysregulated genes were linked to drugs with potential to treat or prevent PAH. With the development of PAH in our model, we identified changes in histology and in the expression of several genes with known or investigational inhibitors and several novel genes for PAH. Gene dysregulation displayed time-related variations during disease progression. Endoarterial biopsy provides a new method of assessing pulmonary vascular histology and gene expression in PAH. This analysis could identify novel applications for existing and new PAH drugs. The detection of stage- and disease-specific variation in gene expression could lead to individualized therapies.
Self‐Assembly of Novel [2]Catenanes and [2]Pseudorotaxanes Incorporating Thiacrown Ethers or Their Acyclic Analogues (1997)

Abstract A series of π electron rich macrocyclic polythioethers and their acyclic analogues have been synthesized in good yields. The association constants for the complexation of the π electron deficient bis(hexafluorophosphate) bipyridinium‐based salt, paraquat, by these macrocycles, as well as those for the complexation of corresponding acyclic compounds by the bipyridinium‐based tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat‐ p ‐phenylene), are significantly lower than those observed in the case of the “all‐oxygen” analogues. Nonetheless, yields as high as 86% were recorded in the template‐directed syntheses of [2]catenanes composed of cyclobis(paraquat‐ p ‐phenylene) and the macrocyclic polythioethers. Single‐crystal X‐ray crystallographic analyses of the [2]catenanes incorporating constitutionally unsymmetrical π electron rich macrocyclic polythioethers revealed that, in all cases, the dioxyaromatic units are located inside the cavity of the tetracationic cyclophane component in preference to the dithiaaromatic units. A similar selectivity was observed in solution by variable‐temperature 1 H NMR spectroscopy. However, inversion of the ratio between the two translational isomers of the two [2]catenanes bearing 1,5‐dithi‐anaphthalene, as one of their π electron rich ring systems, and either 1,4‐dioxy‐benzene or 1,5‐dioxynaphthalene, as the other, occurs upon increasing the temperature from –30 to +30 πC. These [2]catenanes can be viewed as temperature‐responsive molecular switches.
Association of the single‐nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype of the interleukin 18 gene with atopic dermatitis in Koreans (2007)

We found that the one SNP and the haplotype T-T-C were strongly associated with the allergic type of AD, but not with the non-allergic intrinsic type. These data support the hypothesis that IL-18 up-regulates IgE production, yet more experiments will be needed to prove the in vivo involvement of Th2 cytokine.
Hierarchical Growth of Chiral Self-Assembled Structures in Protic Media (2000)

The location of nine chiral penta(ethylene oxide) side chains at the periphery of a C3-symmetrical hydrogen-bonded extended core gives rise to a thermotropic discotic liquid crystalline material that shows lyotropic phases in polar, protic media. The molecular stacks self-assemble in a reversible and hierarchical fashion, and specific and subtle solvent−molecule interactions together with the created hydrophobic microenvironment account for an unprecedented stabilization of a preferred handedness of the helical stacks by cooperative intermolecular interactions. The presence of either chirality or achirality at the supramolecular level in the stacks can be tuned by temperature and solvent as judged from circular dichroism spectroscopy. A hierarchical growth of the self-assembly is revealed using a variety of spectroscopic techniques and differential scanning calorimetry.
ChemInform Abstract: USE OF POLYMERS AS PROTECTING GROUPS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. VII. PREPARATION OF MONOBENZOATES OF ACYCLIC TRIOLS (1979)

Abstract Die Triole (I) lassen sich nach Umsetzung mit der polymergebundenen Boronsäure (II) am Wasserabscheider zu den 5‐Ring‐Boronaten (III) in die Monobenzoate (IV) überführen.
A Block Sparsity Based Estimator for mmWave Massive MIMO Channels With Beam Squint (2019)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is a key technology for next generation wireless networks. One of the consequences of utilizing a large number of antennas with an increased bandwidth is that array steering vectors vary among different subcarriers. Due to this effect, known as beam squint, the conventional channel model is no longer applicable for mmWave massive MIMO systems. In this paper, we study channel estimation under the resulting non-standard model. To that aim, we first analyze the beam squint effect from an array signal processing perspective, resulting in a model which sheds light on the angle-delay sparsity of mmWave transmission. We next design a compressive sensing based channel estimation algorithm which utilizes the shift-invariant block-sparsity of this channel model. The proposed algorithm jointly computes the off-grid angles, the off-grid delays, and the complex gains of the multi-path channel. We show that the newly proposed scheme reflects the mmWave channel more accurately and results in improved performance compared to traditional approaches. We then demonstrate how this approach can be applied to recover both the uplink as well as the downlink channel in frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, by exploiting the angle-delay reciprocity of mmWave channels.
Design, fabrication and metrology of 10$\,\times\,$100 multi-planar integrated photonic routing manifolds for neural networks (2018)

We design, fabricate and characterize integrated photonic routing manifolds with 10 inputs and 100 outputs using two vertically integrated planes of silicon nitride waveguides. We analyze manifolds via top-view camera imaging. This measurement technique allows the rapid acquisition of hundreds of precise transmission measurements. We demonstrate manifolds with uniform and Gaussian power distribution patterns with mean power output errors (averaged over 10 sets of 10 inputs) of 0.7 and 0.9 dB, respectively, establishing this as a viable architecture for precision light distribution on-chip. We also assess the performance of the passive photonic elements comprising the system via self-referenced test structures, including high-dynamic-range beam taps, waveguide cutback structures, and waveguide crossing arrays.
Brain Localization and c‐Fos Activation of Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists (2006)

We have previously shown that several H 3 receptor (H3R) antagonists such as ABT‐239 [4‐(2‐{2‐[(2 R )‐2‐methylpyrrolidinyl]‐ethyl}‐benzofuran‐5‐yl)‐benzonitrile] enhance cognitive behavior whereas H 3 R antagonists like A‐331440 [4′‐[3‐(3(R)‐(dimethylamino)‐pyrrolidin‐1‐yl)‐propoxy]‐biphenyl‐4‐carbonitrile] have antiobesity properties. Several hypotheses were explored in an attempt to reliably differentiate these activities including examining the differential localization of the H3R antagonists to discrete rat brain regions and evaluating the degree of c‐FOS activation in various brain regions. Neither ABT‐239 nor A‐331440 demonstrated brain region specific localization. ABT‐239 (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) and A‐331440 (5 mg/kg, i.v.) accessed rat frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and hypothalamus within 1 hr at levels of 3.0, 2.8, 2.8, and 1.9 mg/gm and 23, 13.5, 14, and 11.5 mg/gm brain tissue homogenate, respectively, as quantified with mass spectrometry using deuterated analogs of each compound as internal standards. Both ABT‐239 (3 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) and A‐331440 (1 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) induced c‐fos expression in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), cingulate cortex, and hippocampal CA1, CA2/3, dentate regions 2 hr after administration. However, ABT‐239 induced the greatest increases in c‐fos expression in the hippocampal regions whereas A‐331440 caused greatest induction in the hypothalamic PVN. Activation of c‐fos in PVN, but not other regions, may differentiate antiobesity compounds such as A‐331440 from procognitive leads such as ABT‐239, which appears to primarily increase c‐fos activity in areas associated with learning, in addition to activation in PVN. Research supported by Abbott Laboratories.
Derivation and Validation of Metrics for Breast Cancer Diagnosis from Diffuse Optical Tomography Imaging Data (2010)

Application of functional near infrared spectroscopic imaging to breast-cancer diagnosis is explored in a clinical pilot study. Examination of differences between image time series of the simultaneously examined breasts yields sensitivity and specificity &gt; 95%.
Airway surface liquid pH is not acidic in children with cystic fibrosis (2017)

Modulation of airway surface liquid (ASL) pH has been proposed as a therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF). However, evidence that ASL pH is reduced in CF is limited and conflicting. The technical challenges associated with measuring ASL pH in vivo have precluded accurate measurements in humans. In order to address this deficiency, ASL pH was measured in vivo in children using a novel luminescent technology integrated with fibre-optic probes. Here we show that ASL pH in children with CF is similar to that of children without CF. Findings were supported by highly controlled direct pH measurements in primary human airway epithelial cell culture models, which also suggest that the potential ASL pH gradient produced by defective apical ion transport is balanced out by paracellular shunting of acid/base. Thus, reduced baseline ASL pH is unlikely to be an important pathobiological factor in early CF lung disease.
Polymorphisms A387P in thrombospondin‐4 and N700S in thrombospondin‐1 perturb calcium binding sites (2005)

Recent genetic studies have associated members of the thrombospondin (TSP) gene family with premature cardiovascular disease. The disease-associated polymorphisms lead to single amino acid changes in TSP-4 (A387P) and TSP-1 (N700S). These substitutions reside in adjacent domains of these highly homologous proteins. Secondary structural predictive programs and the homology of the domains harboring these amino acid substitutions to those in other proteins pointed to potential alterations of putative Ca2+ binding sites that reside in close proximity to the polymorphic amino acids. Since Ca2+ binding is critical for the structure and function of TSP family members, direct evidence for differences in Ca2+ binding by the polymorphic forms was sought. Using synthetic peptides and purified recombinant variant fragments bearing the amino acid substitutions, we measured differences in Tb3+ luminescence as an index of Ca2+ binding. The Tb3+ binding constants placed the TSP-1 region affected by N700S polymorphism among other high-affinity Ca2+ binding sites. The affinity of Ca2+ binding was lower for peptides (3.5-fold) and recombinant fragments (10-fold) containing the S700 vs. the N700 form. In TSP-4, the P387 form acquired an additional Ca2+ binding site absent in the A387 form. The results of our study suggest that both substitutions (A387P in TSP-4 and N700S in TSP-1) alter Ca2+ binding properties. Since these substitutions exert the opposite effects on Ca2+ binding, a decrease in TSP-1 and an increase in TSP-4, the two TSP variants are likely to influence cardiovascular functions in distinct but yet pathogenic ways.
An enhanced information structure for linear parameter-varying design: application to Reichert's missile benchmark control (2010)

Type of Material des Proceedings : Print + CD-Rom
Analysis of the Size Distribution of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (2010)

The diameter of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is an important characteristic to determine their electronic properties and direct further applications in electronics and photonics. A demand currently exists for an accurate and rapid method of evaluating the mean diameter and diameter distribution of bulk SWNTs. Here, we provide an effective means for quantifying the diameter distribution of SWNTs using optical absorption spectroscopy without a strict prior assumption on the form of the diameter distribution. Verification of this assignment protocol is based upon statistical analysis of hundreds of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images as well as comparison with Raman measurements on the same SWNT samples. A good agreement among different techniques indicates that this approach enables accurate and rapid assessment of diameter distribution and can be extended to bulk SWNT samples with various diameter distributions.
The Relative Susceptibility of Mouse Strains to PulmonaryCryptococcus neoformansInfection Is Associated with Pleiotropic Differences in the Immune Response (2007)

CBA/J mice were highly susceptible to intratracheal (i.t.) Cryptococcus neoformans infection relative to BALB/c mice, while both strains were equally susceptible to intravenous (i.v.) infection. Increased susceptibility in i.t. infection was associated with higher brain CFU, lower serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG responses to glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), lack of IgE regulation during infection, and alveolar macrophage permissiveness to intracellular replication in vitro. In contrast, for BALB/c mice, relative resistance was associated with increased interleukin-12 (IL-12) and decreased IL-10 pulmonary levels. In CBA/J mice, relative susceptibility was associated with a decreased proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and an increase in macrophage percentage in pulmonary infiltrates. In contrast, no significant differences in these cytokines or cell recruitment were observed in the i.v. model, consistent with no differences in the survival rate. Passive antibody (Ab) protection experiments revealed a prozone effect in the BALB/c mice with i.v. infection, such that Ab efficacy decreased at higher doses. In the i.t. model using CBA/J mice, low Ab doses were disease enhancing and protection was observed only at high doses. Our results show (i) that differences in mouse strain susceptibility are a function of the infection model, (ii) that susceptibility to pulmonary infection was associated with macrophage permissiveness for intracellular replication, and (iii) that the efficacy of passive Ab in pulmonary infection is a function of dose and mouse strain. The results highlight significant differences in the pathogenesis of cryptococcal infection among inbred mice and associate their relative susceptibility with differences in numerous components of the innate and adaptive immune responses.
Sensei-uu (2010)

A testbed is a powerful complement to simulation and emulation for evaluation of wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. However, testbeds tend to be limited to lab environments and tightly coupled to specific hardware and sensor OS configurations. These limitations, in addition to dependency on local infrastructure make it hard to evaluate applications on actual hardware in the intended target environment.
Troubleshooting (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Pacemaker troubleshooting Diagnostic features Focused troubleshooting Implantable defibrillator troubleshooting Stored episode data Surface electrocardiography Differential diagnosis and management in patients with frequent or recurrent shocks Delayed, absent, or ineffective therapy Troubleshooting cardiac resynchronization devices Conclusion References
Spiro‐Phenylpyrazole‐9,9′‐Thioxanthene Analogues as Hole‐Transporting Materials for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells (2017)

Abstract Perovskite solar cells have emerged as a promising technique for low‐cost, light weight, and highly efficient photovoltaics. However, they still largely rely on 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis( N , N ‐di‐ p ‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) to serve as hole‐transporting materials (HTMs). Here, a series of HTMs with small molecular weight is designed, which are constructed on a spiro core involving phenylpyrazole and a second heteroaromatics, i.e., xanthene (O atom), thioxanthene (S atom), and acridine (N atom). Through varying from phenylpyrazole substituted xanthene ( PPyra‐XA ), thioxanthene ( PPyra‐TXA ), to acridine ( PPyra‐ACD ), their optical and electrochemical properties, hole mobilities, and the photovoltaic performance are optimized. As a consequence, PPyra‐TXA based device exhibits the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.06%, outperforming that of Spiro‐OMeTAD (16.15%), which could be attributed to the enhancement of hole mobility exerted by the thioxanthene. In addition, the dopant‐free device shows PCE of 11.7%. These results open a new direction for designing spiro‐HTMs by simple modification of chemical structures.