gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understand the Unconventional Reservoir Heterogeneity via Far-Field Sonic Imaging and Chemical Tracer Evaluations: A Case Study from Wulalike Shale Gas Exploration in Ordos Basin (2022)

Abstract One of the most challenging aspects of unconventional reservoirs is their heterogeneity. Natural fissures, faults, or laminations, which are the main causes for the heterogeneity, are either measured only on the wellbore or not measured at all. In our recent work on a Wulalike shale gas exploration well, we visualized the heterogeneity with three-dimensional far-field sonic imaging technology during logging, and we evaluated the uneven production profile in the horizontal laterals with chemical tracer during production test. The result of the two methods is highly consistent, which indicated the far-field sonic imaging technology is an effective way to understand reservoir heterogeneity, particularly for unconventional resources. High-resolution image logging and three-dimensional far-field sonic imaging technology were introduced to a newly drilled horizontal well in Wulalike Shale gas. Multilevel multi-azimuthal acoustic waveforms were acquired with long enough record length to capture the reflections from the mentioned microscopic features. The innovative ray tracing inversion and three-dimensional slowness-time coherence (3D STC) methods were utilized on the filtered waveform to quantitatively determine the true dip and azimuth as well as the distance of the features from the wellbore. And as a result, only four depth intervals were identified by 3D far-field sonic where fractures extended away from the wellbore to far field. The distance of the fractures from the wellbore was in a range of 8 to 28 m. Chemical tracers were deployed during the fracturing and completion phase to evaluate the new findings from the logging. The uneven production profile from the chemical tracer indicated that 4 out of the 17 stages were the major contributors for more than half of the gas production. Each lateral for those four stages were accompanied with the observation of fissure or lamination signature from the far-field sonic images and resistivity image logging data. This showed that this sonic imaging technology was effective to link the reservoir heterogeneity to its production, making it a valuable tool for the future unconventional reservoir evaluations.
Design and Synthesis of New Linear and Cyclic Bradykinin Antagonists (1996)

We report here on the synthesis and pharmacological properties of a new series of small linear and cyclic peptides derived from the five C-terminal amino acid residues of second-generation bradykinin receptor antagonists. Variations of the two first residues of the pentapeptide (Thi-Ser-D-Tic-Oic-Arg) were shown to modulate the biological activities of the analogs on bradykinin-induced smooth muscle contractions in rabbit jugular vein (RJV), a tissue preparation specific of the B2 bradykinin receptor. Several analogs showed pA2 values around 7 on this tissue preparation, and one cyclic compound, c[-Gly-Thi-D-Tic-Oic-Arg-], 24, in which Thi-Ser was replaced by Gly-Thi, displayed a pA2 of 7.4 on RJV. On the basis of these results, three cyclic molecules and their linear counterparts (compounds 22-24 and 4-6, respectively) were tested on human umbilical vein, a tissue specific of the human B2 receptor. The pKB values obtained for these compounds on these tissue preparations were equivalent to those obtained for the decapeptide NPC 567 (4.8 < pA2 < 5.1). NMR and molecular modeling studies performed on compound 24 clearly demonstrated a type II' beta-turn structure. This analog may serve as a new lead for the design of nonpeptide ligands of the bradykinin B2 receptor subtype.
<title>Real-time continuous recording technique using FBTC in digital still cameras</title> (1998)

Higher performance and more sophisticated functions have been required in the digital still camera market growing at the rapid rate. On the other hand, the hardware cost has been increasing to meet these requirements. In light of this situation, a new image processing technique is presented to achieve the digital still cameras with the higher performance at lower cost. The present technique focuses on the real time continuous recording of single CCD images using the fixed block truncation coding (FBTC). FBTC is an embedded compression scheme we proposed to handle the image data with high quality in the hardcopy peripherals. In the digital still camera using the present technique, the continuous recording rate is up to 30 frames per second for video graphic array size full color image. Moreover, FBTC coding scheme can reduce the memory size to capture the raw image from CCD by less than a half, and enable to store over twice continuous recording frames than the conventional technique.
Immunoglobulin-like transcript receptors on human dermal CD14+dendritic cells act as a CD8-antagonist to control cytotoxic T cell priming (2012)

Human Langerhans cells (LCs) are highly efficient at priming cytolytic CD8(+) T cells compared with dermal CD14(+) dendritic cells (DCs). Here we show that dermal CD14(+) DCs instead prime a fraction of naïve CD8(+) T cells into cells sharing the properties of type 2 cytokine-secreting CD8(+) T cells (TC2). Differential expression of the CD8-antagonist receptors on dermal CD14(+) DCs, the Ig-like transcript (ILT) inhibitory receptors, explains the difference between the two types of DCs. Inhibition of CD8 function on LCs inhibited cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and enhanced TC2 generation. In addition, blocking ILT2 or ILT4 on dermal CD14(+) DCs enhanced the generation of CTLs and inhibited TC2 cytokine production. Lastly, addition of soluble ILT2 and ILT4 receptors inhibited CTL priming by LCs. Thus, ILT receptor expression explains the polarization of CD8(+) T-cell responses by LCs vs. dermal CD14(+) DCs.
The ATPase activity of MLH1 is required to orchestrate DNA double-strand breaks and end processing during class switch recombination (2012)

Antibody diversification through somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) are similarly initiated in B cells with the generation of U:G mismatches by activation-induced cytidine deaminase but differ in their subsequent mutagenic consequences. Although SHM relies on the generation of nondeleterious point mutations, CSR depends on the production of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and their adequate recombination through nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). MLH1, an ATPase member of the mismatch repair (MMR) machinery, is emerging as a likely regulator of whether a U:G mismatch progresses toward mutation or DSB formation. We conducted experiments on cancer modeled ATPase-deficient MLH1G67R knockin mice to determine the function that the ATPase domain of MLH1 mediates in SHM and CSR. Mlh1(GR/GR) mice displayed a significant decrease in CSR, mainly attributed to a reduction in the generation of DSBs and diminished accumulation of 53BP1 at the immunoglobulin switch regions. However, SHM was normal in these mice, which distinguishes MLH1 from upstream members of the MMR pathway and suggests a very specific role of its ATPase-dependent functions during CSR. In addition, we show that the residual switching events still taking place in Mlh1(GR/GR) mice display unique features, suggesting a role for the ATPase activity of MLH1 beyond the activation of the endonuclease functions of its MMR partner PMS2. A preference for switch junctions with longer microhomologies in Mlh1(GR/GR) mice suggests that through its ATPase activity, MLH1 also has an impact in DNA end processing, favoring canonical NHEJ downstream of the DSB. Collectively, our study shows that the ATPase domain of MLH1 is important to transmit the CSR signaling cascade both upstream and downstream of the generation of DSBs.
Supplementary Methods, Figures Legends 1-7 from <i>De Novo</i> Design of a Tumor-Penetrating Peptide (2023)

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A new method for determining aflatoxins in groundnut and groundnut cake using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (2001)

Abstract A new analytical method was developed for the determination of aflatoxins in groundnut and groundnut cakes by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy using horizontal attenuated total reflectance technique. Groundnut and groundnut cake samples were used in this study. The wave‐lengths were selected for the four types of aflatoxins—B 1 , B 2 , G 1 , and G 2 —and the standards prepared for earch by spiking some clean sample with the aflatoxins in concentrations of 0–1200 parts per billion. A partial least square regression was used to derive the calibration models for each toxin. The coefficients of determination ( R 2 ) of the calibration model were computed for the FTIR spectroscopy predicted values vs. actual values of aflatoxins in parts per billion. The R 2 was found to be 0.9911, 0.9859, 0.9986, and 0.9789 for aflatoxins B 1 , B 2 , G 1 and G 2 , respectively. Standard errors of calibration for groundnut samples were found to be 1.80, 2.03, 1.42, and 2.05 for aflatoxins B 1 , B 2 , G 1 , and G 2 , respectively. Calibration models were validated with an independent set of samples. The R 2 of validation models were computed. The SD of the difference for repeatability of the FTIR method was found to be better than that of the chemical method. Based on the results obtained, FTIR spectroscopy can be a useful instrumental method for determining aflatoxins in oilseeds and oilseed cakes. With its speed and ease of data manipulation by computer software, it is a possible alternative to the standard wet chemical methods for a rapid and accurate routine determination of aflatoxin levels in food and feed.
Supplementary Figures 1-5 from A Requirement for DICER to Maintain Full Promoter CpG Island Hypermethylation in Human Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-5 from A Requirement for DICER to Maintain Full Promoter CpG Island Hypermethylation in Human Cancer Cells
Coding for magnetic and optical recording (2002)

A widely-used model for describing the read-write requirements of magnetic and optical storage devices is the so-called constrained system, which is defined as the set of sequences obtained by reading the labels of paths in a labeled finite directed graph. In order to transform an arbitrary stream of data into a sequence which satisfies the constrained-system specifications, the raw data has to undergo an encoding, or modulation stage. The study of encoders for constrained systems has evolved quite significantly in recent years. This paper summarizes some of the encoding methods for constrained systems. We present some of the classical schemes, and we mention a recent encoding scheme that has been suggested by Ashley, Marcus, and Roth (1993).
Protein phosphatase 2C dephosphorylates and inactivates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (1997)

cAMP-dependent phosphorylation activates the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in epithelia. However, the protein phosphatase (PP) that dephosphorylates and inactivates CFTR in airway and intestinal epithelia, two major sites of disease, is not certain. We found that in airway and colonic epithelia, neither okadaic acid nor FK506 prevented inactivation of CFTR when cAMP was removed. These results suggested that a phosphatase distinct from PP1, PP2A, and PP2B was responsible. Because PP2C is insensitive to these inhibitors, we tested the hypothesis that it regulates CFTR. We found that PP2Calpha is expressed in airway and T84 intestinal epithelia. To test its activity on CFTR, we generated recombinant human PP2Calpha and found that it dephosphorylated CFTR and an R domain peptide in vitro. Moreover, in cell-free patches of membrane, addition of PP2Calpha inactivated CFTR Cl- channels; reactivation required readdition of kinase. Finally, coexpression of PP2Calpha with CFTR in epithelia reduced the Cl- current and increased the rate of channel inactivation. These results suggest that PP2C may be the okadaic acid-insensitive phosphatase that regulates CFTR in human airway and T84 colonic epithelia. It has been suggested that phosphatase inhibitors could be of therapeutic value in cystic fibrosis; our data suggest that PP2C may be an important phosphatase to target.
A tool for measuring the system cost of replacement energy (2023)

Replacing legacy high carbon technologies (LHCTs) with new low carbon technologies (NLCTs), particularly NLCTs featuring variable renewable resources, can disproportionally influence the costs associated with maintaining a reliable and competent grid system. Traditional cost metrics and publicly available tools that make use of these metrics fail to capture the total systems cost (TSC) implications of such changes, highlighting the need for a tool that will capture these implications. This paper presents the results of a tool developed to estimate the System Cost of Replacement Energy (SCoRE) when NLCTs replace LHCTs in an operating region. The SCoRE estimates potential changes in the TSC resulting from the replacement. The SCoRE tool is applied to the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) operating region. LHCTs, namely coal- and natural gas-fired power plants are replaced by NLCTs including solar photovoltaics and wind, with and without energy storage, and coal and natural gas power plants equipped with carbon capture and storage (CCS). The results showcase the TSC implications of different replacement scenarios, which for ERCOT include larger increases in the TSC if LHCTs are replaced with wind and solar, in lieu of natural gas power plants equipped with CCS, for all decarbonization targets considered.
Characterisation of surface roughness for ultra-precision freeform surfaces (2005)

Ultra-precision freeform surfaces are widely used in many advanced optics applications which demand for having surface roughness down to nanometer range. Although a lot of research work has been reported on the study of surface generation, reconstruction and surface characterization such as MOTIF and fractal analysis, most of them are focused on axial symmetric surfaces such as aspheric surfaces. Relative little research work has been found in the characterization of surface roughness in ultra-precision freeform surfaces. In this paper, a novel Robust Gaussian Filtering (RGF) method is proposed for the characterisation of surface roughness for ultra-precision freeform surfaces with known mathematic model or a clould of discrete points. A series of computer simulation and measurement experiments were conducted to verify the capability of the proposed method. The experimental results were found to agree well with the theoretical results.
Robust general Kalman filter for echo cancellation (2013)

Abstract—The Kalman filter is a very interesting signal pro-cessing tool, which is widely used in many practical applications. In this paper, we study the Kalman filter in the context of echo cancellation. The contribution of this work is threefold. First, we derive a different form of the Kalman filter by considering, at each iteration, a block of time samples instead of one time sample as it is the case in the conventional approach. Second, we show how this general Kalman filter (GKF) is connected with some of the most popular adaptive filters for echo cancellation, i.e., the normalized least-mean-square (NLMS) algorithm, the affine projection algorithm (APA) and its proportionate version (PAPA). Third, a simplified Kalman filter is developed in order to reduce the computational load of the GKF; this algorithm behaves like a variable step-size adaptive filter. Simulation results indicate the good performance of the proposed algorithms, which can be attractive choices for echo cancellation. Index Terms—Echo cancellation, Kalman filter, adaptive filters, recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm, affine projec-tion algorithm (APA), proportionate APA (PAPA), normalized least-mean-square (NLMS) algorithm. I.
The effect of preoperative donation of autologous blood on deep-vein thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty (2001)

We have assessed the effect of the donation of autologous blood and the preoperative level of haemoglobin on the prevalence of postoperative thromboembolism in 2043 patients who had a total hip arthroplasty. The level of haemoglobin was determined seven to ten days before surgery and all patients had venography of the operated leg on the fifth postoperative day. The number of patients who had donated autologous blood (1037) was similar to that who had not (1006). A significant decrease in the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) was noted in those who had donated blood preoperatively (9.0%) compared with those who had not (13.5%) (p = 0.003). For all patients, the lower the preoperative level of haemoglobin the less likely it was that a postoperative DVT would develop. Of those who had donated blood, 0.3% developed a postoperative pulmonary embolism compared with 0.7% in those who had not, but this difference was not statistically significant. No significant difference was found in the requirements for transfusion between the two groups.
Heat Management in Supersonic/Hypersonic Vehicles Using Endothermic Fuel: Perspective and Challenges (2021)

In this study, an in-depth analysis has been performed on various technoengineering aspects of hydrocarbon cracking under supercritical conditions toward developing an endothermic fuel. The paper is segregated into several sections with specific emphasis. The major areas covered in this work include physicochemical characteristics of different endothermic fuels, supercritical pyrolysis of hydrocarbon fuels, phenomena of coking, and its suppression from an application viewpoint. The influence of various parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure, catalysts, space-time, etc.) on fuel conversion, endothermicity, and coke propensity has been emphasized in detail. The typical value of endothermic heat sink capacity for different fuels consisting of C<sub>8</sub> to C<sub>15</sub> hydrocarbons ranges from 500 to 1150 kJ/kg over temperature and pressure ranges of 550-750 °C and 25-55 bar, respectively. The effectiveness of various additives/initiators in improving endothermicity has been screened for wide ranges of temperature and pressure. Physicochemical properties like distillation characteristics, hydrocarbon composition, °API gravity, and sulfur content of different hydrocarbon fuels are compared in a single window. Most of the findings are abridged meticulously with relevant tables and plots. Toward the end, we have highlighted the critical issues/challenges on the experimental findings and prospective.
Fluorometric assay of erythrocyte protoporphyrin: simple screening test for lead poisoning and iron deficiency. (1982)

Erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels are high in lead poisoning, iron deficiency and erythropoietic porphyria. On-site fluorometric assay was used to screen for raised blood levels in three groups of children in one city: 166 who were severely mentally retarded and lived in an institution, 88 who were moderately to severely mentally retarded and attending special schools but lived at home, and 128 who were of normal intelligence and attended a regular school. High erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels (40 micrograms/dl [0.7 mumol/l] or greater) were found in 14 of the children, each of whom was tested for further evidence of lead poisoning and iron deficiency. The two children found to have high blood lead levels (above 30 micrograms/dl [1.5 mumol/l]) were both living in the institution, were ambulatory and had pica. Of the other 12 children 8 had evidence of iron deficiency, though in 4 the probability of a true deficiency was low. The fluorometric assay of erythrocyte protoporphyrin may prove to be a simple method of screening for lead poisoning and iron deficiency.
New Lithium Metal Polymer Solid State Battery for an Ultrahigh Energy: Nano C-LiFePO4 versus Nano Li1.2V3O8 (2015)

Novel lithium metal polymer solid state batteries with nano C-LiFePO4 and nano Li1.2V3O8 counter-electrodes (average particle size 200 nm) were studied for the first time by in situ SEM and impedance during cycling. The kinetics of Li-motion during cycling is analyzed self-consistently together with the electrochemical properties. We show that the cycling life of the nano Li1.2V3O8 is limited by the dissolution of the vanadium in the electrolyte, which explains the choice of nano C-LiFePO4 (1300 cycles at 100% DOD): with this olivine, no dissolution is observed. In combination with lithium metal, at high loading and with a stable SEI an ultrahigh energy density battery was thus newly developed in our laboratory.
Coordinated dataflow protection for ultra-high bandwidth science networks (2019)

The Science DMZ (SDMZ) is a special purpose network architecture proposed by ESnet (Energy Sciences Network) to facilitate distributed science experimentation on terabyte- (or petabyte-) scale data, exchanged over ultra-high bandwidth WAN links. Critical security challenges faced by these networks include: (i) network monitoring at high bandwidths, (ii) reconciling site-specific policies with project-level policies for conflict-free policy enforcement, (iii) dealing with geographically-distributed datasets with varying levels of sensitivity, and (iv) dynamically enforcing appropriate security rules. To address these challenges, we develop a fine-grained dataflow-based security enforcement system, called CoordiNetZ (CNZ), that provides coordinated situational awareness, i.e., the use of context-aware tagging for policy enforcement using the dynamic contextual information derived from hosts and network elements. We also developed tag and IP-based security microservices that incur minimal overheads in enforcing security to data flows exchanged across geographically-distributed SDMZ sites. We evaluate our prototype implementation across two geographically distributed SDMZ sites with SDN-based case studies, and present performance measurements that respectively highlight the utility of our framework and demonstrate efficient implementation of security policies across distributed SDMZ networks.
Controlling Palm-Object Interactions Via Friction for Enhanced In-Hand Manipulation (2022)

In-hand manipulation is necessary, yet challenging for robotic hands as robots begin to interact with real-world objects and environments. The intentional incorporation of an active palm can lead to improved dexterity. In this work, we demonstrate how controlling the palm-object interaction enables access to different sets of motion primitives. We first discuss how various properties of the palm affect in-hand manipulation, as well as grasping. Here, we focus on varying the friction force between the object and the palm by either changing the coefficient of friction or the normal load. We explore how these two design factors can be actively controlled to enable 5-degree-of-freedom object motion within the hand. We present <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">variable-friction</i> and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">variable-preload</i> palms that enable on-the-fly switching between in-plane and out-of-plane manipulation modes. Additionally, we discuss their impact on grasp stability. Finally, we demonstrate how an object can be translated and pivoted within the hand by sequentially performing synchronized palm and finger actions.