gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Response to TACE Assessed with Semiautomated Volumetric and Functional Analysis of Diffusion-weighted and Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging Data (2011)

Volumetric analysis of increase in ADC and decrease in VE 1 month after TACE can provide an early assessment of response to treatment. Volumetric analysis of multiparametric MR imaging data may have potential as a prognostic biomarker for patients undergoing local-regional treatment of liver cancer.
Mitigating Frequency Bias in Next-Basket Recommendation via Deconfounders (2022)

Recent studies on Next-basket Recommendation (NBR) have achieved much progress by leveraging Personalized Item Frequency (PIF) as one of the main features, which measures the frequency of the user’s interactions with the item. However, taking the PIF as an explicit feature incurs bias towards frequent items. Items that a user purchases frequently are assigned higher weights in PIF-based recommender system and appear more frequently in the personalized recommendation list. As a result, the system will lose the fairness and balance between items that the user frequently purchases and items that the user never purchases. We refer to this systematic bias on personalized recommendation lists as frequency bias, which narrows users’ browsing scope and reduces the system utility. We adopt causal inference theory to address this issue. Considering the influence of historical purchases on users’ future interests, the user and item representations can be viewed as unobserved confounders in the causal diagram. In this paper, we propose a deconfounder model named FENDER (Frequency-aware Deconfounder for Next-basket Recommendation) to mitigate the frequency bias. With the deconfounder theory and the causal diagram we propose, FENDER decomposes PIF with a neural tensor layer to obtain substitute confounders for users and items. Then, FENDER performs unbiased recommendations considering the effect of these substitute confounders. Experimental results demonstrate that FENDER has derived diverse and fair results compared to ten baseline models on three datasets while achieving competitive performance. Further experiments illustrate how FENDER balances users’ historical purchases and potential interests.
Substructure Development in Rapidly Solidified B2-Type TiCo Ribbons (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Beyond VaR: from measuring risk to managing risk (2003)

The paper examines tools for managing, as opposed to simply monitoring, a portfolio's value-at-risk (VaR). These tools include the calculation of VaR contribution, marginal VaR and trade risk profiles. We first review the parametric, or delta-normal versions of these tools and then extend them to the simulation based, or nonparametric case. We analyze two sample portfolios: one, consisting of foreign exchange contracts, is well-suited for parametric analysis while the other, which contains European options, is best addressed with simulation based methods. The limitations of the simulation based approach, due to the potential effects of sampling error, are also discussed.
Development of Allergen-Induced Airway Inflammation in the Absence of T-bet Regulation Is Dependent on IL-17 (2009)

Dysfunctional expression of T-bet, a transcription factor that is critical for IFN-gamma production, has been implicated in the development of asthma. To investigate in detail the mechanisms responsible for exacerbated disease in the absence of T-bet expression, BALB/c wild-type (WT) and T-bet(-/-) mice were used in a murine model of OVA-induced allergic lung inflammation. Following OVA challenge, T-bet(-/-) mice displayed increased histological inflammation in the lungs as well as greater thickening of the bronchiole linings, increased numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils in the lung, and enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness, compared with WT mice. However, the production of Th2 cytokines in T-bet(-/-) mice did not appear to be significantly greater than in WT mice. Interestingly, a marked increase in the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 was observed in T-bet(-/-) mice. Neutralization of pulmonary IL-17 in T-bet(-/-) mice by anti-IL-17 mAb treatment during OVA challenge resulted in decreased levels of neutrophilic infiltration into the airways and decreased airway inflammation, essentially reversing the development of allergic asthma development. These findings indicate that IL-17 is a key mediator of airway inflammation in the absence of T-bet. The results of this study suggest a possible target for therapeutic intervention of human asthma.
Borane-Catalyzed Room-Temperature Hydrosilylation of Alkenes/Alkynes on Silicon Nanocrystal Surfaces (2014)

Room-temperature borane-catalyzed functionalization of hydride-terminated silicon nanocrystals (H-SiNCs) with alkenes/alkynes is reported. This new methodology affords formation of alkyl and alkynyl surface monolayers of varied chain lengths (i.e., C5-C12). The present study also indicates alkynes react more readily with H-SiNC surfaces than equivalent alkenes. Unlike other toxic transition-metal catalysts, borane or related byproducts can be readily removed from the functionalized SiNCs. The new method affords stable luminescent alkyl/alkenyl-functionalized SiNCs.
Microbiota engraftment after faecal microbiota transplantation in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, double-blind, randomised controlled trial (2021)

NCT03127696.
Polyene Cyclization Promoted by the Cross-Conjugated α-Carbalkoxy Cyclohexenone System. An Unusual 1,2-Hydride Shift under Lewis Acid Catalysis (2009)

Polyene cyclization of the titled compounds under catalysis with AlCl(3)/SnCl(4) gave rise to the corresponding polycyclic products, many of which were structurally highly unexpected, and thus, individual X-ray analysis was required to finalize the structural identification. Mechanistically, an unusual 1,2-hydride shift is proposed to elucidate the product formation.
Data encryption standard ASIC design and development report. (2003)

This document describes the design, fabrication, and testing of the SNL Data Encryption Standard (DES) ASIC. This device was fabricated in Sandia's Microelectronics Development Laboratory using 0.6 {micro}m CMOS technology. The SNL DES ASIC was modeled using VHDL, then simulated, and synthesized using Synopsys, Inc. software and finally IC layout was performed using Compass Design Automation's CAE tools. IC testing was performed by Sandia's Microelectronic Validation Department using a HP 82000 computer aided test system. The device is a single integrated circuit, pipelined realization of DES encryption and decryption capable of throughputs greater than 6.5 Gb/s. Several enhancements accommodate ATM or IP network operation and performance scaling. This design is the latest step in the evolution of DES modules.
Understanding the evidence for and against the role of breastfeeding in allergy prevention (2012)

The relationship between breastfeeding and allergic disease risk has been controversial. This article reviews the current evidence for the role of breastfeeding in the prevention of allergic disease. We found considerable methodological limitations inherent in most studies evaluating the effect of breastfeeding in allergic disease. Nevertheless, since randomized control trials in breast feeding research would be considered unethical, the evidence remains limited to poorer quality observational studies where participation and recall bias can severely affect the objectivity of the data collected. Furthermore, reporting of type of breastfeeding (exclusive, full or partial) may be biased by a participant's inherent belief system of what they think they should be doing. Current evidence is inconclusive regarding the effect of breastfeeding on the development of eczema, with the most recent systemic review reporting no protective effect. There is insufficient data regarding the effects of breastfeeding on objective measures of food allergy at any age. Studies show a paradoxical effect of breastfeeding on the prevention of asthma, with an apparent protective effect against early wheezing illness in the first years of life yet an increased risk of asthma in later life; however, these findings must be interpreted with caution. Existing studies fail to adequately adjust for confounders, including the critical issues of protection against early life respiratory illnesses and reverse causation. Therefore, it is possible that the effect of breastfeeding on early wheezing illness reflects protection against respiratory infection, the predominant trigger of wheezing in early childhood, rather than a true reduction in risk of asthma. In summary, future research that takes into account the potential contribution of confounding factors and effect modifiers is needed to clarify the role of breastfeeding in development of allergic disease and to inform current clinical guidelines on the prevention of allergic disease.
A facile metal-free “grafting-from” route from acrylamide-based substrate toward complex macromolecular combs (2013)

High-molecular-weight poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) was used as a model functional substrate to investigate phosphazene base (t-BuP4)-promoted metal-free anionic graft polymerization utilizing primary amide moieties as initiating sites. The (co)polymerization of epoxides was proven to be effective, leading to macromolecular combs with side chains being single- or double-graft homopolymer, block copolymer and statistical copolymer.
The African swine fever virus dynein‐binding protein p54 induces infected cell apoptosis (2004)

A specific interaction of ASFV p54 protein with 8 kDa light chain cytoplasmic dynein (DLC8) has been previously characterized and this interaction is critical during virus internalization and transport to factory sites. During early phases of infection, the virus induces the initiation of apoptosis triggering activation of caspase-9 and -3. To analyze the role of the structural protein p54 in apoptosis, transient expression experiments of p54 in Vero cells were carried out which resulted in effector caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Interestingly, p54 mutants, lacking the 13 aa dynein-binding motif lose caspase activation ability and pro-death function of p54. This is the first reported ASFV protein which induces apoptosis.
Process monitoring of spin-valve GMR deposition (1998)

A phenomenological description of the conductance of a spin-valve structure is developed and compared to numerical solutions for the Boltzmann equation. Based on the phenomenological description, a method is presented to measure the controllability of physical vapor deposition of sub-100 /spl Aring/ Cu films with better than 0.5 /spl Aring/ accuracy.
Predicting structural and acoustic-radiation loss factors using experimental modal analysis (2012)

Standard damping measurements cannot typically distinguish between structural losses and losses due to acoustic radiation. Since the trend in aerospace engineering is to use lighter and stiffer materials, aerospace panels often have their critical frequency at low to mid frequencies making the acoustic losses of comparable or greater value than the structural loss factors. A procedure for measuring acoustic radiation loss factors is presented based on experimental modal analysis. Experimental modal analysis was performed on a composite panel with carbon-fiber facesheets and an aluminum honeycomb core. The loss factors using the standard decay and modal methods are compared to an energy-based method based on the power injection method. The acoustic radiation loss factors were then estimated using boundary element computations of the radiated noise with the modally reconstructed velocity as input. The acoustic radiation damping was then removed from the total damping to predict the losses due to structural damping only.
Nanostructured Ruthenium Oxide for Electrocatalysis of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Aqueous Alkaline Solutions (2020)

The feasibility of obtaining ruthenium oxide nanoparticles on a carbon support by pyrolysis of polymeric ruthenium complexes is shown. The performance efficiency of such a catalyst considerably surpasses the efficiency of catalysts synthesized using monomer ruthenium compounds and is comparable with figure of merit values reported for the best samples of hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts in alkaline media, while the specific consumption of the precious metal in this catalyst is much lower.
Tenfold Topology of Crystals (2020)

The celebrated tenfold-way of Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry classes discern any quantum system by its pattern of non-spatial symmetries. It lays at the core of the periodic table of topological insulators and superconductors which provided a complete classification of weakly-interacting electrons' non-crystalline topological phases for all symmetry classes. Over recent years, a plethora of topological phenomena with diverse surface states has been discovered in crystalline materials. In this paper, we obtain an exhaustive classification of topologically distinct groundstates as well as topological phases with anomalous surface states of crystalline topological insulators and superconductors for key space-groups, layer-groups, and rod-groups. This is done in a unified manner for the full tenfold-way of Altland-Zirnbauer non-spatial symmetry classes. We establish a comprehensive paradigm that harnesses the modern mathematical framework of equivariant spectra; it allows us to obtain results applicable to generic topological classification problems. In particular, this paradigm provides efficient computational tools that enable an inherently unified treatment of the full tenfold-way.
Comparison of reaction times while walking (2015)

This paper studies human reaction time to six different stimulus modalities while standing and while walking: visual, auditory, vibration on the toe, vibration on the thigh, vibration on the waist, and vibration on the wrist. The modalities were chosen as possible means of sensory feedback for a smart lower limb prosthesis. Reaction times were measured from start of stimulus to press of a hand-held button. Results show that the reaction times while standing were comparable for all modalities, but walking disproportionately affects perception of the thigh and toe stimuli.
Spintronic logic gates for spintronic data using magnetic tunnel junctions (2010)

The emerging field of spintronics is undergoing exciting developments with the advances recently seen in spintronic devices, such as magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). While they make excellent memory devices, recently they have also been used to accomplish logic functions. The properties of MTJs are greatly different from those of electronic devices like CMOS semiconductors. This makes it challenging to design circuits that can efficiently leverage the spintronic capabilities. The current approaches to achieving logic functionality with MTJs include designing an integrated CMOS and MTJ circuit, where CMOS devices are used for implementing the required intermediate read and write circuitry. The problem with this approach is that such intermediate circuitry adds overheads of area, delay and power consumption to the logic circuit. In this paper, we present a circuit to accomplish logic operations using MTJs on data that is stored in other MTJs, without an intermediate electronic circuitry. This thus reduces the performance overheads of the spintronic circuit while also simplifying fabrication. With this circuit, we discuss the notion of performing logic operations with a non-volatile memory device and compare it with the traditional method of computation with separate logic and memory units. We find that the MTJ-based logic unit has the potential to offer a higher energy-delay efficiency than that of a CMOS-based logic operation on data stored in a separate memory module.
Emerging Non-Volatile Memories by Exploiting Redox Reactions on the Nanoscale (2009)

This review provides a survey of non-volatile, highly scalable memory devices which are based on redox phenomena controlling the resistance of nanoscale memory cells. The classification of the memory effects, the understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and a brief sketch of the integration efforts will be presented.
<title>Lightweight active router-queue management for multimedia networking</title> (1998)

The Internet research community is promoting active queue management in routers as a proactive means of addressing congestion in the Internet. Active queue management mechanisms such as Random Early Detection (RED) work well for TCP flows but can fail in the presence of unresponsive UDP flows. Recent proposals extend RED to strongly favor TCP and TCP-like flows and to actively penalize `misbehaving' flows. This is problematic for multimedia flows that, although potentially well-behaved, do not, or can not, satisfy the definition of a TCP-like flow. In this paper we investigate an extension to RED active queue management called Class-Based Thresholds (CBT). The goal of CBT is to reduce congestion in routers and to protect TCP from all UDP flows while also ensuring acceptable throughput and latency for well-behaved UDP flows. CBT attempts to realize a `better than best effort' service for well-behaved multimedia flows that is comparable to that achieved by a packet or link scheduling discipline, however, CBT does this by queue management rather than by scheduling. We present results of experiments comparing our mechanisms to plain RED and to FRED, a variant of RED designed to ensure fair allocation of bandwidth amongst flows. We also compare CBT to a packet scheduling scheme. The experiments show that CBT (1) realizes protection for TCP, and (2) provides throughput and end-to-end latency for tagged UDP flows, that is better than that under FRED and RED and comparable to that achieved by packet scheduling. Moreover CBT is a lighter-weight mechanism than FRED in terms of its state requirements and implementation complexity.
CILIARY MEMBRANE DIFFERENTIATIONS IN TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS (1974)

We have examined thin sections and replicas of freeze-fractured cilia of Tetrahymena pyriformis. The ciliary necklace located at the base of all freeze-fractured oral and somatic cilia has been studied in thin sections. Since electron-dense linkers have been found to connect both microtubule doublets and triplets to the ciliary membrane at the level of the necklace, the linkers and the associated necklace seem to be related to the transition region between the doublets and triplets of a cilium. Plaque structures, consisting of small rectangular patches of particles located distal to the ciliary necklace, are found in strain GL, but are absent in other strains examined in this study. In freeze-cleaved material, additional structural differentiations are observed in the distal region of the ciliary membranes of somatic and oral cilia. Somatic cilia contain many randomly distributed particles within their membrane. Oral cilia can be divided into three categories on the basis of the morphology of their freeze-fractured membranes: (a) undifferentiated cilia with very few randomly distributed particles: (b) cilia with particles arranged in parallel longitudinal rows spaced at intervals of 810-1080 A that are located on one side of the cilium; and (c) cilia with patches of particles arranged in short rows oriented obliquely to the main axis of the cilium. The latter particles, found on one side of the cilium, seem to serve as attachment sites for bristles 375-750 A long and 100 A wide which extend into the surrounding medium. The particles with bristles are located at the tips of cilia in the outermost membranelle and may be used to detect food particles and/or to modify currents in the oral region so that food particles are propelled more efficiently into the buccal cavity. Examination of thin-sectioned material indicates that the particles in oral cilia which form the longitudinal rows could be linked to microtubule doublets. Linkage between microtubule doublets and adjacent membrane areas on one side of the cilium could modify the form of ciliary beat by restricting the sliding of the microtubules. It is suggested that membrane-microtubule interactions may form the basis for the various forms of ciliary beat observed in different organisms.
Multiple levers for overcoming the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass (2019)

Based on our results as well as literature studies, it appears that some form of non-biological augmentation will likely be necessary for the foreseeable future to achieve high TCS for most cellulosic feedstocks. However, our results show that this need not necessarily involve thermochemical processing, and need not necessarily occur prior to biological conversion. Under the conditions tested, the relative magnitude of TCS increase was augmentation > biocatalyst choice > plant choice > plant modification > plant natural variants. In the presence of augmentation, plant modification, plant natural variation, and plant choice exhibited a small, statistically non-significant impact on TCS.
Continuous-Wave Laser Stimulation of the Rat Prostate Cavernous Nerves Using a Compact and Inexpensive All Single Mode Optical Fiber System (2011)

This novel, all-single-mode-fiber laser nerve stimulation system introduces several advantages including: (1) lower cost laser; (2) more robust fiberoptic design, eliminating alignment and cleaning of bulk optical components; and (3) improved Gaussian spatial beam profile for simplified alignment of the laser beam with the nerve. With further development, laser nerve stimulation may be useful for identification and preservation of the CN during prostate cancer surgery.
Tissue conductivity modifies the magnetic resonance intrinsic signal‐to‐noise ratio at high frequencies (1992)

Inclusion of a frequency-dependent tissue conductivity in the calculation of the magnetic resonance imaging signal-to-noise ratio is considered. The linear dependence on field strength described previously by Edelstein is preserved for frequencies up to approximately 60 MHz. At higher frequencies, tissue conductivity effects become significant.
Nanoconfined heliconical structure of twist-bend nematic liquid crystal phase (2018)

We produced controlled heliconical structures of a twist-bend nematic (N<sub>TB</sub>) liquid-crystal (LC) phase in nanoconfinement in a porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) film. The structural parameters of the N<sub>TB</sub> phase such as conical angle and helical pitch can be modulated by varying the surface energy of the inner surface of the porous AAO film, done by using different self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The LC molecules tend to be more freely packed, thus forming a larger conical angle, when placed on the tri-deca-fluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl-trichlorosilane (FOTS)-treated substrate, which has a relatively low surface energy. In contrast, the molecules form a more tightly packed structure, and thus a smaller conical angle, when placed on the 2-(methoxy(polyethyleneoxy)-propyl)trimethoxysilane (PEG 6/9)-treated substrate, which has higher surface energy. This work improves our collective understanding of self-assembled heliconical structures in the N<sub>TB</sub> phase.