gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple Adaptive Filter for the Restoration of Nonstationary Signals (2005)

A simple adaptive filter is proposed for the restoration of smoothly varying signals in a nonstationary noisy background. The filter switches between the median filter and the running mean filter according to local estimates of the tall behavior (impulsivity) of the noise distribution. A theoretical threshold is derived against which the local estimate is compared. The local median is selected if the thresh old is exceeded; otherwise, the local mean is used. Simulations using a family of generalized exponential distribution were performed to compare the median, the mean filter, the -/spl gamma/ -filter, the adaptive /spl gamma/ filter and the proposed filter.
A study on the effectiveness of proportional-integral-derivative control in multi-actuated atomic force microscopy (2015)

Improving the speed of atomic force microscopes (AFM) enables the study of dynamic nano-scale processes and unlocks novel scientific discoveries. At the heart of AFM, performance of the sample scanner plays a crucial role in achieving this goal. Multi-actuated AFM scanners have been recently shown to achieve high scan speed, while maintaining a large scan range. Given the stringent requirements of high-speed AFM, control of these multi-component scanners can be quite challenging. The substantially variant dynamics of AFMs in different imaging conditions necessitates a flexible/robust control scheme which can maintain satisfactory tracking performance at high imaging speed. Due to their simplicity and easy adaptation to dynamics variations, PID controllers continue to be the control method of choice for state-of-the-art AFMs. To extend their application to multi-actuated AFMs, in this work we aim to understand the conditions under which a PID controller suffices to meet the requirements of high-speed/large-range atomic force microscopy. For this purpose, the desired characteristics of controllers obtained through H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> -optimal design are investigated. It is then concluded that a PID controller combined with auxiliary compensators shares these characteristics and indeed meets the requirements of high-speed/large-range imaging. A simple data-based compensator design scheme is then presented. The proposed methodology is implemented on a multi-component AFM scanner.
Remotely Operated Equipments for In-Vessel Inspection in BWRs (2008)

This paper describes development and application of remotely operated equipments for reactor internals ultrasonic testing (UT) and visual testing (VT) in boiling water reactors (BWRs) to enhance the availability of operating nuclear power plants. Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) in reactor internal components causes relatively low operating rate of BWR as one of the most important issues since the 1990s, and demand to inspect the reactor internals become greater. The remotely operated equipments have been developed for in-vessel inspection of core shrouds, shroud supports, jet pumps and so on. The equipments are evaluated in the point of the positioning precision as an application of a phased array UT technique and visual length measurement system. And as results of application to the actual plants and improvement, a Shroud vehicle, a Crawler vehicle and a Visual position measurement system are enhanced in an aspect of the accessible range and/or positioning precision. Their configurations and functional testing results are shown in this paper. As the other application, micro replication devices are developed for CRD Stub tube and shroud in BWR. This paper indicates the functional testing result using the prototype for the CRD stub tube with observing material microstructure.
Safety and pharmacokinetics of single, dual, and triple antiretroviral drug formulations delivered by pod-intravaginal rings designed for HIV-1 prevention: A Phase I trial (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02431273.
Current Requirements for Ohmic Ignition in Ohmically Heated Toroidal Experiment and Reversed-Field Pinch Reactors (1988)

A zero-dimensional power balance code has been developed to determine the minimum current requirements for ohmic ignition in compact and large ohmically heated toroidal experiment and reversed-field pinch reactors.
Autoreactive B-cell elimination by pathogenic IgG specific for the same antigen: implications for peripheral tolerance (2008)

Harmful pathogenic IgG auto-antibodies are produced against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) in pemphigus vulgaris, an autoimmune blistering disease. Dsg3 is a cadherin-type cell adhesion molecule expressed in desmosomes of the skin and mucous membranes. In AK7-transgenic mice expressing non-pathogenic AK7 IgM against Dsg3, autoreactive transgenic B cells escape from the deletion or inactivation and exist in the periphery. However, when a pathogenic anti-Dsg3 IgG1 mAb (AK23) capable of inducing blisters was injected into AK7-transgenic mice, AK7 B cells were eliminated from the bone marrow (BM) and spleen only when Dsg3 was expressed in the periphery. In contrast, non-pathogenic IgG mAbs (AK7, AK9) failed to eliminate AK7 B cells. Interestingly, the AK23-mediated elimination of mature AK7 B cells in the spleen was significantly diminished in AK7-transgenic mice on a Rag2(-/-) background while BM B cells were still eliminated, suggesting the presence of T-cell-dependent and -independent mechanisms. T cell transfer studies into AK7-Rag2(-/-) mice revealed that autoreactive B-cell elimination in the periphery requires CD4(+) T cells from wild-type mice but not from gld (FasL mutant) mice. The B-cell elimination was impaired in both BM and periphery when Bcl2 was over-expressed in AK7 B cells. These findings suggest that autoreactive B cells exist unless they are harmful, but once harmful or dangerous events such as tissue destruction are sensed, the mature autoreactive B cells in the periphery are eliminated via a Fas-mediated process in a CD4(+) T cell-dependent manner.
Antiretroviral Agents Restore Mycobacterium-Specific T-Cell Immune Responses and Facilitate Controlling a Fatal Tuberculosis-Like Disease in Macaques Coinfected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus andMycobacterium bovisBCG (2001)

The contribution of immune reconstitution following antiretroviral treatment to the prevention or treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-related primary or reactivation tuberculosis remains unknown. Macaque models of simian immunodeficiency virus-Mycobacterium bovis BCG (SIV/BCG) coinfection were employed to determine the extent to which anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunity can be restored by antiretroviral therapy. Both SIV-infected macaques with active BCG reinfection and naive animals with simultaneous SIV/BCG coinfection were evaluated. The suppression of SIV replication by antiretroviral treatment resulted in control of the active BCG infection and blocked development of the fatal SIV-related tuberculosis-like disease. The resolution of this disease coincided with the restoration of BCG purified protein derivative (PPD)-specific T-cell immune responses. In contrast, macaques similarly coinfected with SIV/BCG but not receiving antiretroviral therapy had depressed PPD-specific primary and memory T-cell immune responses and died from tuberculosis-like disease. These results provide in vivo evidence that the restoration of anti-mycobacterial immunity by antiretroviral agents can improve the clinical outcome of an AIDS virus-related tuberculosis-like disease.
Plain Radiographic Surveillance of Abdominal Aortic Stent-Grafts: The Liverpool/Perth Protocol (2003)

Purpose: To present a protocol for plain radiographic surveillance of abdominal aortic stent-grafts that addresses the main variables in need of standardization: (1) patient position, (2) radiographic centering point, and (3) focus-to-film distance. Technique: Our policy is to perform baseline anteroposterior and lateral films following endoluminal grafting and repeat the studies annually. These are the most important films to assess migration and component separation; supplementary right and left posterior oblique radiographs may help identify wireform fractures. It is best to perform radiography before computed tomography if both tests are scheduled for the same day, as excretion of intravenous contrast opacifies the renal collecting systems and interferes with radiographic analysis. Conclusions: Evaluation of the radiographs depends on the design of the stent-graft, so it is important to understand graft construction and the position of the radiopaque markers to best assess changes on follow-up films.
Enhanced enantiocontrol in catalytic metal carbene transformations with dirhodium (II) tetrakis[methyl 2‐oxooxazolidin‐4(S)‐carboxylate], Rh2(4S‐MEOX)4 (1995)

Abstract The synthesis, spectral characteristics, and X‐ray structures for dirhodium(II) tetrakis[methyl 2‐oxooxazolidin‐4(S)‐carboxylate], Rh 2 (4S‐MEOX) 4 , and the related dirhodium(II) tetrakis[methyl 5(R)‐methyl‐2‐oxooxazolidin‐4(S)‐carboxylate], Rh 2 (4S‐THREOX) 4 , are reported. Comparison is made between these 2‐oxooxazolidin‐ligated dirhodium(II) catalysts for metal carbene transformations and those with comparable 2‐oxopyrrolidine ligands, especially dirhodium(II) tetrakis[methyl 2‐oxopyrrolidine‐5(S)‐carboxylate], Rh 2 (5S‐MEPY) 4 . Structure‐selectivity comparisons reveal that Rh 2 (4S‐MEOX) 4 provides higher enantiocontrol and, in some cases, higher diastereocontrol than Rh 2 (5S‐MEPY) 4 in intramolecular carbon‐hydrogen insertion reactions of sterically demanding diazoacetates and diazoacetamides and is the catalyst of choice for highly enantioselective diazodecomposition of adamantyl diazoacetates and N‐(tert )butyldiazoacetamides. The structurally analogous Rh 2 (4S‐THREOX) 4 is nearly identical with Rh 2 (4S‐ MEOX) 4 in its overall effect on selectivity. The net advantage of Rh 2 (4S‐MEOX) 4 lies in its wider openness for metal carbene transformations.
Re: High-Fat Diet Activates Pro-Inflammatory Response in the Prostate Through Association of Stat-3 and NF-κB (2012)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Sep 2012Re: High-Fat Diet Activates Pro-Inflammatory Response in the Prostate Through Association of Stat-3 and NF-κB Anthony AtalaM.D. Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.05.041AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: High-Fat Diet Activates Pro-Inflammatory Response in the Prostate Through Association of Stat-3 and NF-κB." The Journal of Urology, 188(3), p. 1043 © 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 188Issue 3September 2012Page: 1043 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Noninvasive diffuse optical measurement of blood flow and blood oxygenation for monitoring radiation therapy in patients with head and neck tumors: a pilot study (2006)

This pilot study explores the potential of noninvasive diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for monitoring early relative blood flow (rBF), tissue oxygen saturation (StO(2)), and total hemoglobin concentration (THC) responses to chemo-radiation therapy in patients with head and neck tumors. rBF, StO(2), and THC in superficial neck tumor nodes of eight patients are measured before and during the chemo-radiation therapy period. The weekly rBF, StO(2), and THC kinetics exhibit different patterns for different individuals, including significant early blood flow changes during the first two weeks. Averaged blood flow increases (52.7+/-9.7)% in the first week and decreases (42.4+/-7.0)% in the second week. Averaged StO(2) increases from (62.9+/-3.4)% baseline value to (70.4+/-3.2)% at the end of the second week, and averaged THC exhibits a continuous decrease from pretreatment value of (80.7+/-7.0) [microM] to (73.3+/-8.3) [microM] at the end of the second week and to (63.0+/-8.1) [microM] at the end of the fourth week of therapy. These preliminary results suggest daily diffuse-optics-based therapy monitoring is feasible during the first two weeks and may have clinical promise.
In vivo characterization of the aspartyl-tRNA synthetase DARS: Homing in on the leukodystrophy HBSL (2016)

Our results, for the first time, show an in-depth characterization of the DARS tissue distribution in mice, revealing surprisingly little uniformity across brain regions or between the major neural cell types. The complete loss of DARS function is not tolerated in mice suggesting that the identified HBSL mutations in humans retain some residual enzyme activity. The mild phenotype of heterozygousDars-null carriers indicates that even partial restoration of DARS levels would be therapeutically relevant. Despite the fact that they do not resemble the full spectrum of clinical symptoms, the robust pre-pulse inhibition phenotype ofDars<sup>+/-</sup>mice will be instrumental for future preclinical therapeutic efficacy studies. In summary, our data is an important contribution to a better understanding of DARS function and HBSL pathology.
Analysis and Comparison of Somatic Mutations in Paired Primary and Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Samples (2014)

The TP53 mutations have been proved to be predominated in ovarian cancer in a study from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). However, the molecular characteristics of recurrent ovarian cancers following initial treatment have been poorly estimated. This study was to investigate the pattern of somatic point mutations in matched paired samples of primary and recurrent epithelial ovarian cancers, using the OncoMap mutation detection protocol. We have adapted a high-throughput genotyping platform to determine the mutation status of a large panel of known cancer genes. OncoMap v.4.4 was used to evaluate genomic DNA isolated from a set of 92 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumors, consisting of matched paired samples of initially diagnosed and recurrent tumors from 46 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. Mutations were observed in 33.7% of the samples, with 29.3% of these samples having a single mutation and the remaining 4.3% having two or more mutations. Among the 41 genes analyzed, 35 mutations were found in four genes, namely, CDKN2A (2.2%), KRAS (6.5%), MLH1 (8.2%) and TP53 (20.7%). TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene, but there was no correlation between the presence of mutation in any gene and clinical prognosis. Furthermore, somatic mutations did not differ between primary and recurrent ovarian carcinomas. Every mutation present in recurrent samples was detected in the corresponding primary sample. In conclusion, these OncoMap data of Korean EOC samples provide that somatic mutations were found in CDKN2A, KRAS, MLH1, and TP53. No differences in mutational status between primary and recurrent samples were detected. To understand the biology of tumor recurrence in epithelial ovarian cancer, more studies are necessary, including epigenetic modifications or additional mutations in other genes.
Vertical GaN-based trench metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors on a free-standing GaN substrate with blocking voltage of 1.6 kV (2014)

This paper reports the characteristics of vertical GaN-based trench metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors on a free-standing GaN substrate with a blocking voltage of 1.6 kV. The high blocking voltage was obtained by using field plate edge termination around the isolation mesa of the transistor. To our knowledge, the blocking voltage is the highest ever reported for vertical GaN-based transistors on free-standing GaN substrates. Normally off operation with a threshold voltage of 7 V is also demonstrated.
X-Bana Rf Fiber Optic Links (1987)

Two 10-GHz direct laser modulation links and an external modulation link were demonstrated. A signal-to-noise ratio of 130 dB/Hz was measured for the 1.3 &mu;m wavelength external modulation link and 115 dB/Hz for the 0.8 pm and 1.3 &mu;m wavelength direct modulation links.
Synthesis of nitro and amino N‐heterocycles via ring transformation of 2‐methyl‐3‐nitrochromone (1987)

Abstract 2‐Methyl‐3‐nitrochromone ( 1 ) reacted with acid hydrazides, S ‐methylisothiourea, hydroxylamine and ethyl aminoethanoate to give the nitro derivatives of pyrazole 2 , pyrimidine 6 , isoxazole 11 and pyrrole 13 , respectively. These nitro compounds were reduced by catalytic hydrogenation to the corresponding amino derivatives. In the case of 2 , a rearrangement of the acyl group took place during the reduction. Substitution reactions of the 2‐methylthio group in 6 were also described.
Bombesin, bombesin analogs, and related peptides: effects on thermoregulation (1978)

The synthesis and biological evaluation on thermoregulation of 39 peptides related to bombesin (structural analogues or other naturally occurring peptides) are described. The bioassay system reported measures the ability of peptides injected intracisternally to lower body temperature of cold (4 degrees C) exposed rats. The most potent analogues of bombesin were those in which positions one to five (not included) were altered, indicating that the decapeptide C terminal was sufficient for full potency. Gln at the seventh position and Gly at the 11th position could be replaced by D-Gln and D-Ala (but not D-Pro or D-Phe), respectively, without any change in potency. Methionine at the 14 position could be replaced with its D isomer with retention of 10% biological activity. Any other alteration of the C terminus (deletions or free acid with the exception of the N-methylamide) drastically reduced the biological potency of those peptides. Among other naturally occurring peptides, alytesin was found to have 100% of bombesin potency whereas litorin, neurotensin, xenopsin, substance P, physalaemin, and eledoisin were found to be in the order of 10(4) times less potent. The shortest peptide found to have full biological activity is the octapeptide des-Glp-Gln-Arg-Leu-Gly-Asn[D-Glp7, D-Ala11]-bombesin.
Identification of Major Trypanosoma Cruzi Antigenic Determinants in Chronic Chagas' Heart Disease (1989)

To identify Trypanosoma cruzi target antigens in overt Chagas' heart disease, a parasite lambda gt11 cDNA library was screened with the serum of a patient with a severe chagasic heart involvement (JL). Using a phage dot array immunoassay, 5 highly antigenic clones, JL1, JL5, JL7, JL8, and JL9, were probed with sera from clinically characterized T. cruzi infected subjects. The correlation of cloned T. cruzi antigen recognition with the clinical status of the subjects led to the identification of a recombinant antigen, JL5, that reacted predominantly with sera from patients with Chagas' heart disease. The antigenic determinant of the JL5 recombinant was a small 35 amino acid peptide. The nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequence, together with other experimental data, allowed identification as the C-terminal portion of a T. cruzi P ribosomal protein. The C-terminal undecapeptide in JL5, EDDDMGFGLFD, was highly homologous to the same region of the human P protein SD(D/E)DMGFGLFD. The latter sequence has been identified as the P protein epitope in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Positive SLE sera reacted with the JL5 recombinant phage, suggesting that the T. cruzi P protein might induce antibodies with a similar specificity to that of P antibodies in SLE.
mTOR pathway is activated by PKA in adrenocortical cells and participates in vivo to apoptosis resistance in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) (2014)

Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is associated with inactivating mutations of the PRKAR1A tumor suppressor gene that encodes the regulatory subunit R1α of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). In human and mouse adrenocortical cells, these mutations lead to increased PKA activity, which results in increased resistance to apoptosis that contributes to the tumorigenic process. We used in vitro and in vivo models to investigate the possibility of a crosstalk between PKA and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in adrenocortical cells and its possible involvement in apoptosis resistance. Impact of PKA signaling on activation of the mTOR pathway and apoptosis was measured in a mouse model of PPNAD (AdKO mice), in human and mouse adrenocortical cell lines in response to pharmacological inhibitors and in PPNAD tissues by immunohistochemistry. AdKO mice showed increased mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway activity. Inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin restored sensitivity of adrenocortical cells to apoptosis in AdKO but not in wild-type mice. In both cell lines and mouse adrenals, rapid phosphorylation of mTORC1 targets including BAD proapoptotic protein was observed in response to PKA activation. Accordingly, BAD hyperphosphorylation, which inhibits its proapoptotic activity, was increased in both AdKO mouse adrenals and human PPNAD tissues. In conclusion, mTORC1 pathway is activated by PKA signaling in human and mouse adrenocortical cells, leading to increased cell survival, which is correlated with BAD hyperphosphorylation. These alterations could be causative of tumor formation.
Ion capture assay for folate with the Abbott IMx analyzer (1995)

Journal Article Ion capture assay for folate with the Abbott IMx analyzer Get access D H Wilson, D H Wilson Dept. of Thyroid, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Diagnostics, Abbott Labs., Abbott Park, IL 60064-3537, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R Herrmann, R Herrmann Dept. of Thyroid, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Diagnostics, Abbott Labs., Abbott Park, IL 60064-3537, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S Hsu, S Hsu Dept. of Thyroid, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Diagnostics, Abbott Labs., Abbott Park, IL 60064-3537, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T Biegalski, T Biegalski Dept. of Thyroid, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Diagnostics, Abbott Labs., Abbott Park, IL 60064-3537, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L Sohn, L Sohn Dept. of Thyroid, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Diagnostics, Abbott Labs., Abbott Park, IL 60064-3537, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C Forsythe, C Forsythe Dept. of Thyroid, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Diagnostics, Abbott Labs., Abbott Park, IL 60064-3537, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Novotny, M Novotny Dept. of Thyroid, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Diagnostics, Abbott Labs., Abbott Park, IL 60064-3537, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Beggs, M Beggs Dept. of Thyroid, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Diagnostics, Abbott Labs., Abbott Park, IL 60064-3537, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G Manderino G Manderino Dept. of Thyroid, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Diagnostics, Abbott Labs., Abbott Park, IL 60064-3537, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 12, 1 December 1995, Pages 1780–1781, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.12.1780 Published: 01 December 1995