gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>UV/vis spectroscopic reaction optimization requiring no a-priori knowledge or calibration to determine reaction rates</title> (1999)

Optimization of a reaction solvent is typically performed when a chemistry if progressed from discovery to scale up. Typically, a large number of solvents are screened to determine which solvent gives the highest rate and yield. Samples are drawn out during the reaction and are analyzed by HPLC. This screening method suffers from a long idle time as the HPLC methods are long and is limited to a small number of samples due to the large number of HPLC samples generated. What is described in this work is an in-situ UV/vis method to perform an on-line analysis of multiple reactions to quickly determine which solvents give the fastest rate. A fiber optic probe is placed directly into the reaction vessel and UV/vis spectra are collected simultaneously from each reaction. Composition profiles and pure component spectra of reactants, intermediates, and products are estimated, using iterative target transformation factor analysis (ITTFA), a type of self- modeling curve resolution (SMCR), without the aid of referee measurements or standards. The results indicate that the method can successfully predict which solvent and can be used as a broad screening tool for the optimization of the reaction. Pairwise analysis of consecutive batches can be used to perform standardless comparisons between the two batches to determine if the reaction proceeded faster or slower, and made more or less product.
Rapid Identification and Differentiation of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Coupled to Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2013)

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mass spectroscopy assay was developed to identify non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) with Plex-ID biosensor system, a platform identifying short PCR amplicons by specific base compositions. This assay simultaneously amplifies five fragments of two housekeeping genes, two subunits of stx2 gene, and four other virulence genes of STEC. A total of 164 well-characterized STEC isolates were examined with the assay to build a DNA base composition database. Another panel of 108 diverse STEC isolates was tested with the established database to evaluate the assay's identification capability. Among the 108 isolates, the assay specificity was 100% for three (stx1, eae, and aggA) out of five tested virulence genes, but 99% for stx2 and 96% for hlyA, respectively. Main stx1/stx2 subtypes and multiple alleles of stx1/stx2 could be differentiated. The assay successfully identified several clinically significant serotypes, including O91:H14, O103:H25, O145:H28/NM, O113:H21, and O104:H4. Meanwhile, it was able to group isolates with different levels of pathogenic potential. The results suggest that this high-throughput method may be useful in clinical and regulatory laboratories for STEC identification, particularly strains with increased pathogenic potential.
Effects of Samarium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Al-Ca Alloys (2007)

As samarium addition was increased, α- Mg matrix morphology was changed from dendritic to equiaxed grains and average value of grain size was decreased from 101.6㎛ to 39.3㎛. Samarium addition to Mg-5Al-3Ca based alloys resulted in the formation of Mg-Al-Sm thernary intermetallic compounds at grain boundarys and α-Mg matrix grains. In these alloys, two kinds of eutectic structure were observed; coarse irregular-shape structure at grain boundary and fine needle-shape structure in the α-Mg matrix grain. It is found that the yield strength and ultimate strength showed the maximum value of 109.1MPa and 139.3 at Mg-5Al-3Ca-2Sm alloy, respectively.
Using LIDAR Based Control to Reduce Loads on Floating Wind Turbines and Boost Performance (2016)

Abstract Offshore wind turbines are being developed worldwide as a large scale source of renewable electricity. However, to accelerate and secure the development in the long term of offshore wind, there is a need to reduce the cost of electricity. To achieve this, wind turbine manufacturers are developing larger size wind turbines, which allow foundation, installation and balance of plant cost reduction. Developing larger wind turbines brings new design challenges, as offshore wind turbines are subject to severe loading resulting mostly from wind speed variation, incoming gusts, and wave loading. The paper presents current developments aiming at reducing loading experienced by offshore wind turbines using advanced control strategies and LiDAR based long-distance wind measurements. In order to mitigate the wind loading, modern wind turbines indeed rely on control systems that define optimal blade pitch positions, in order to reduce the load variation, while optimizing produced electricity. However, most control systems are only based on a feedback from the turbine sensors information, and are therefore limited. In order to overcome this limitation, current developments are being performed to take advantage of additional sensors named LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), that can be mounted on the nacelle of wind turbines, and provide long distance wind speed measurements ahead of the wind turbines. Lidars thus provide wind speed measurements at a distance of a few hundred meters, which allow a sufficient reaction time to control the wind turbines. This paper presents new nonlinear strategies that can be used for bottom founded and floating wind turbines, using nacelle-based lidar measurement. Examples are given to highlight the benefits of such strategies, on the wind turbines blades and tower fatigue design. Specific strategies are proposed for floating wind applications and exemplified in the paper, showing a significant load reduction for fatigue and extreme situations. Additionally, production increase can also be obtained. Therefore, these two benefits provide an important contribution to cost reduction of offshore turbines.
Supplementary Figure 2 from A Chimeric Switch-Receptor Targeting PD1 Augments the Efficacy of Second-Generation CAR T Cells in Advanced Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Schematic of PD1CD28 switch receptor, mutated PD1CD28 switch receptor, and tailless/signal-dead PD1.&lt;/p&gt;
Growth of Palladium nanoclusters by Gas Aggregation Source (GAS): Study of the addition of a reactive gas (2017)

International audience
Experimental Characterization of the Dependence of UWB Personal Area Networks Channels on Body Mass Index (2018)

Due to the short range of wireless Personal Area Networks (PANs), user proximity-induced effects have been identified as a critical issue. The development and performance simulation of PANs will therefore require an accurate channel model that considers the effects of the human body, in particular, various body sizes. This paper presents details of an extensive measurement campaign for wireless PAN Ultrawideband (UWB) multi-antenna propagation channels. The measurements were done in an anechoic chamber environment using a 1 × 4 Single- Input-Multiple-Output (SIMO) array channel sounding system operating in the 2-10 GHz frequency band. Using a total of 60 test subjects, we determine the Body Mass Index (BMI) dependence of channel parameters such as mean path gain, shadowing gain and delay spread. We find that in particular, PAN channel parameters of test subjects with BMI > 30 show considerable differences to those of subjects with typical BMI.
Transcriptional regulation improves the throughput of three‐hybrid counter selections in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2013)

The yeast three-hybrid (Y3H) assay expands the fields of drug discovery and protein engineering by enabling the search of large variant libraries for targets that do not inherently produce a distinct, measurable phenotype. The Y3H assay links the DNA-binding and activation domains of a transcription factor via a chemically synthesized heterodimeric small molecule, thereby activating a downstream reporter gene. Although the Y3H assay has been successfully applied as a positive selection to discover novel drug targets and to evolve proteins with improved functions, its expansion into applications requiring a high-throughput, versatile selection against transcriptional activation has been hindered by its limited dynamic range as a counter selection. Here, we describe the development of a second-generation Y3H counter selection that uses the dual tetracycline (Tet) system to tighten transcriptional regulation of the reporter gene. The Tet Y3H counter selection has an improved dynamic range and provides enrichment from mock libraries of up to 10⁶, a 10⁴-fold improvement over our original Y3H counter selection. This enhanced dynamic range brings the Y3H counter selection to a standard that is suitable for real-world protein engineering applications.
Survey of computer vision in roadway transportation systems (2012)

There is a world-wide effort to apply 21st century intelligence to evolving our transportation networks. The goals of smart transportation networks are quite noble and manifold, including safety, efficiency, law enforcement, energy conservation, and emission reduction. Computer vision is playing a key role in this transportation evolution. Video imaging scientists are providing intelligent sensing and processing technologies for a wide variety of applications and services. There are many interesting technical challenges including imaging under a variety of environmental and illumination conditions, data overload, recognition and tracking of objects at high speed, distributed network sensing and processing, energy sources, as well as legal concerns. This conference presentation and publication is brief introduction to the field, and will be followed by an in-depth journal paper that provides more details on the imaging systems and algorithms.
Substituted Pyrazolopyridines as Potent and Selective PDE5 Inhibitors:  Potential Agents for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTSubstituted Pyrazolopyridines as Potent and Selective PDE5 Inhibitors: Potential Agents for Treatment of Erectile DysfunctionGuixue Yu, Helen J. Mason, Ximao Wu, Jian Wang, Saeho Chong, Gary Dorough, Andrew Henwood, Ronald Pongrac, Laurie Seliger, Bin He, Diane Normandin, Leonard Adam, John Krupinski, and John E. MacorView Author Information Discovery Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Drug Safety, and Metabolic & Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 7, 1025–1027Publication Date (Web):March 6, 2001Publication History Received18 January 2001Published online6 March 2001Published inissue 1 March 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm0155042Copyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views795Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (47 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Inhibition,Inhibitors,Rodent models,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
IR GRIN optics (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Graded index (GRIN) optics offer potential for both weight savings and increased performance but have until recently been limited to visible and NIR bands (wavelengths shorter than about 0.9 µm). NRL has developed glass-based IR-GRIN lenses compatible with SWIR-LWIR wavebands. Recent designs show the potential for significant SWaP reduction benefits and improved performance using IR-GRIN lens elements in dual-band, MWIR-LWIR sensors. The SWaP and performance advantages of IR-GRIN lenses in platform-relevant dual-band imagers will be presented.
Estimating Compact Yet Rich Tree Insertion Grammars (2012)

We present a Bayesian nonparametric model for estimating tree insertion grammars (TIG), building upon recent work in Bayesian inference of tree substitution grammars (TSG) via Dirichlet processes. Under our general variant of TIG, grammars are estimated via the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm that uses a context free grammar transformation as a proposal, which allows for cubic-time string parsing as well as tree-wide joint sampling of derivations in the spirit of Cohn and Blunsom (2010). We use the Penn treebank for our experiments and find that our proposal Bayesian TIG model not only has competitive parsing performance but also finds compact yet linguistically rich TIG representations of the data. 1
Oxygen-Regulated β 2 -Adrenergic Receptor Hydroxylation by EGLN3 and Ubiquitylation by pVHL (2009)

Agonist-induced ubiquitylation and degradation of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an essential role in surface receptor homeostasis, thereby tuning many physiological processes. Although beta-arrestin and affiliated E3 ligases mediate agonist-stimulated lysosomal degradation of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR), a prototypic GPCR, the molecular cues that mark receptors for ubiquitylation and the regulation of receptor degradation by the proteasome remain poorly understood. We show that the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL)-E3 ligase complex, known for its regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) proteins, interacts with and ubiquitylates the beta(2)AR, thereby decreasing receptor abundance. We further show that the interaction of pVHL with beta(2)AR is dependent on proline hydroxylation (proline-382 and -395) and that the dioxygenase EGLN3 interacts directly with the beta(2)AR to serve as an endogenous beta(2)AR prolyl hydroxylase. Under hypoxic conditions, receptor hydroxylation and subsequent ubiquitylation decrease dramatically, thus attenuating receptor degradation and down-regulation. Notably, in both cells and tissue, the abundance of endogenous beta(2)AR is shown to reflect constitutive turnover by EGLN3 and pVHL. Our findings provide insight into GPCR regulation, broaden the functional scope of prolyl hydroxylation, and expand our understanding of the cellular response to hypoxia.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Protected β‐Keto Aldehydes from β‐Keto Esters via Selective Reduction of Acyl(alkoxycarbonyl)ketene Dithioacetals. (1989)

Abstract The β‐keto esters (I) are converted to the ketene dithioacetals (IV) which are selectively reduced with magnesium, yielding the saturated acetals (V).
A Clinical Study of Laryngeal Cancer (1995)

One hundred fifty-nine cases of laryngeal cancer that were diagnosed and treated between 1983and 1992 at the Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University Hospital were evaluated. There were 101 glottic (66.0%),53 supraglottic (33.3%) and 5 subglottic (3.1%) tumors.The overall five-year survival rate was 74.2%, while the ten-year survival rate was 62.7%. Regarding the primary site of the tumor, the glottic type was more curable than the supraglottic type and its five-year survival rate was 82.8%, while that of the supraglottic type was only 63.8%. There was no significant difference in the five-year survival rate of laryngeal cancer patients with and without lymph node metastasis.
A 2.3-mW, 5-Gb/s Low-Power Decision-Feedback Equalizer Receiver Front-End and its Two-Step, Minimum Bit-Error-Rate Adaptation Algorithm (2013)

This paper presents a low-power decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) receiver front-end and a two-step minimum bit-error-rate (BER) adaptation algorithm. A high energy efficiency of 0.46 mW/Gbps is made possible by the combination of a direct-feedback finite-impulse-response (FIR) DFE, an infinite-impulse-response (IIR) DFE, and a clock-and-data recovery (CDR) circuit with adjustable timing offsets. Based on this architecture, the power-hungry stages used in prior DFE receivers such as the continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE), the current-mode summing circuit for a multitap DFE, and the fast selection logic for a loop-unrolling DFE can all be removed. A two-step adaptation algorithm that finds the equalizer coefficients minimizing the BER is described. First, an extra data sampler with adjustable voltage and timing offsets measures the single-bit response (SBR) of the channel and coarsely tunes the initial coefficient values in the foreground. Next, the same circuit measures the eye-opening and bit-error rates and fine tunes the coefficients in background using a stochastic hill-climbing algorithm. A prototype DFE receiver fabricated in a 65-nm LP/RF CMOS dissipates 2.3 mW and demonstrates measured eye-opening values of 174 mV pp and 0.66 UIpp while operating at 5 Gb/s with a -15-dB loss channel.
Frequency-Selective I/Q Mismatch Calibration of Wideband Direct-Conversion Transmitters (2008)

The current trend in building low-cost yet flexible radio transceivers is to use the so-called direct-conversion principle, which is based on complex (I/Q) up- and down conversions. Such transceivers are, however, sensitive to mismatches between the I and Q branches. These mismatches are unavoidable in any practical implementation, and result in finite attenuation of the mirror frequencies. In addition to the mirror-frequency interference problem, I/Q mismatches can severely compromise the performance of power amplifier linearization techniques based on pre-distortion. The effects of these impairments are becoming more pronounced as higher order modulated waveforms and/or more wideband multichannel signals are used. This brief focuses on digital-signal-processor-based I/Q mismatch calibration in wideband direct-conversion transmitters, assuming the challenging case of frequency-dependent I/Q mismatch. First, a novel widely linear (WL) calibration structure is introduced, suitable for frequency-dependent calibration. Then, two alternative principles for calibration parameter estimation are proposed. The first estimation approach stems from second-order statistics of complex communication signals, while the second technique is based on WL least-squares model fitting. Both estimators are shown by simulations to yield very good calibration performance. The obtainable performance is further assessed using laboratory RF signal measurements.
Taxonomical Security Consideration of OAEP Variants (2006)

We first model the variants of OAEP and SAEP by changing a construction and position of a redundancy, and establish a universal proof technique in the random oracle model, the comprehensive event dividing tree. We then make a taxonomical security consideration of the variants of OAEP and SAEP, based on the assumptions of one-wayness and partial-domain one-wayness of the encryption permutation, by applying the tree. Furthermore, we demonstrate the concrete attack procedures against all insecure schemes; we insist that the security proof failure leads to some attacks. From the security consideration, we find that one of the variants leads to a scheme without the redundancy; the scheme is not (plaintext aware) but IND-CCA2 secure. Finally, we conclude that some of them are practical in terms of security tightness and short bandwidth.
The neuroscience of unmet social needs (2019)

John Cacioppo has compared loneliness to hunger or thirst in that it signals that one needs to act and repair what is lacking. This paper reviews Cacioppo's and others' contributions to our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying social motivation in humans and in other social species. We focus particularly on the dopaminergic reward system and try to integrate evidence from animal models and human research. In rodents, objective social isolation leads to increased social motivation, mediated by the brains' mesolimbic dopamine system. In humans, social rejection can lead to either increased or decreased social motivation, and is associated with activity in the insular cortex; while chronic loneliness is typically associated with decreased social motivation but has been associated with altered dopaminergic responses in the striatum. This mixed pattern of cross-species similarities and differences may arise from the substantially different methods used to study unmet social needs across species, and suggests the need for more direct and deliberate cross-species comparative research in this critically important domain.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydroporphyrin Synthesis: New Methodology. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Table 1 from <i>Intersex-like</i> (<i>IXL</i>) Is a Cell Survival Regulator in Pancreatic Cancer with 19q13 Amplification (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from &lt;i&gt;Intersex-like&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;IXL&lt;/i&gt;) Is a Cell Survival Regulator in Pancreatic Cancer with 19q13 Amplification
Chemical Synthesis of Cell-Permeable Apoptotic Peptides from in Vivo Produced Proteins (2011)

In vivo synthesis of peptides by bacterial expression has developed into a reliable alternative to solid-phase peptide synthesis. A significant drawback of in vivo methods is the difficulty with which gene products can be modified post-translationally. Here, we present a method for the facile modification of peptides generated in bacterial hosts after cyanogen bromide cleavage at C-terminal methionines. Reaction of the resulting homoserine lactones with propargylamine allows efficient and selective modification with a wide variety of chemicals such as fluorescent dyes, biotin derivatives, polyprenyls, lipids, polysaccharides, or peptides. Attachment of the cell penetrating peptide octa-arginine (R(8)) to peptides derived from the proapoptotic tumor suppressor Bak BH3 led to efficient cellular uptake and subsequent cytochrome c release from mitochondria, culminating in induction of apoptosis similar to that observed with peptides linked to R(8) via the peptide backbone. These results highlight the significant potential for use of such tools in live cells.
NMR Investigation of Molecular Motion in the Neat Solid and Plastic-Crystalline Phases of Cyclohexane1 (1997)

The molecular dynamics of neat solid and plastic phase cyclohexane are investigated using solid state carbon, deuteron, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Particular emphasis is placed on deciphering the dynamical origin of a line width/line shape transformation in the static proton NMR spectrum of plastic phase cyclohexane near 199 K, and it is examined in terms of rotational, translational, and conformational contributions. It is shown that translational diffusion within lattice defect sites is the probable dynamical mode associated with the static proton NMR line shape modulation. The rate of conformational isomerism by ring inversion in the plastic phase is measured for the first time at two temperatures, and the time scale of this process suggests a mechanistic correlation with translational diffusion within single crystals in the plastic phase. Finally, the time scale and symmetry associated with rotational diffusion in solid-phase cyclohexane are found (respectively) to be longer and more complex than previously reported.