gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real‐time cell viability assays using a new anthracycline derivative DRAQ7® (2012)

The exclusion of charged fluorescent dyes by intact cells has become a well-established assay for determining viability of cells. In search for a noninvasive fluorescent probe capable of long-term monitoring of cell death in real-time, we evaluated a new anthracycline derivative DRAQ7. The novel probe does not penetrate the plasma membrane of living cells but when the membrane integrity is compromised, it enters and binds readily to nuclear DNA to report cell death. It proved to be nontoxic to a panel of cancer cell lines grown continuously for up to 72 h and did not induce any detectable DNA damage signaling when analyzed using laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry. The DRAQ7 provided a sensitive, real-time readout of cell death induced by a variety of stressors such as hypoxia, starvation, and drug-induced cytotoxicity. The overall responses to anticancer agents and resulting pharmacological dose-response profiles were not affected by the growth of tumor cells in the presence DRAQ7. Moreover, we for the first time introduced a near real-time microflow cytometric assay based on combination of DRAQ7 and mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨ(m) ) sensitive probe TMRM. We provide evidence that this low-dosage, real-time labeling procedure provides multiparameter and kinetic fingerprint of anticancer drug action.
Aortic and Mitral Prosthetic Valve Replacement in Age Groups 61–65 & 66–70 Years (2007)

Prosthesis choice for aortic and mitral valve replacements in patients aged 61-70 years is difficult. We evaluated prostheses in age groups 61-65 and 66-70 years. Freedom from major thromboembolism and hemorrhage was greater for bioprostheses than mechanical prostheses in both age groups after aortic valve replacement, but only in the younger age group after mitral valve replacement. Freedom from valve-related re-operation was greater after mitral valve replacement with mechanical prostheses in both age groups, but no difference after aortic valve replacement. Valve type was predictive of major thromboembolism and hemorrhage, except in older patients undergoing mitral valve replacement. Bioprostheses are favored for aortic valve replacement in both age groups, but the risk of re-operation with a bioprosthesis in the mitral position in patients aged 61-65 years favors a mechanical prosthesis. Prosthesis choice is less definite in those aged 66-70 years.
Vibronic Structure and Coupling in the Electronic Spectra of the Hexacarbonyl Tantalate(I−) Ion (2000)

Emission, excitation, and vibrational spectra of [Ph4P][Ta(CO)6] are reported. The emission spectrum is assigned to a ligand field transition and contains a well-resolved vibrational progression in the symmetric Ta−C stretching normal mode. A second progression at longer wavelength is separated from the first by an energy that superficially does not appear to correspond to a vibrational mode. The spectra are interpreted in terms of Herzberg−Teller (H−T) coupling of the forbidden ligand field state with the fully allowed tantalum-to-carbonyl charge-transfer excited-state mediated by asymmetric t1u normal modes. The H−T coupling is treated by using a coordinate-dependent transition dipole moment that is zero at the equilibrium internuclear geometry but becomes nonzero along appropriate asymmetric normal coordinates. The coordinate dependence of the transition dipole moment is illustrated by using simple overlap considerations. Quantitative calculations of the spectra are carried out using the time-dependent theory of electronic spectroscopy and the coordinate-dependent transition dipole. The emission spectrum originates from a single excited electronic state with a single origin but two H−T false origins. Changes of the Ta−C and C−O bond lengths in the emitting excited electronic state are calculated and discussed. Alternative interpretations of the spectrum based on two emitting molecules, sites, or excited states are eliminated by excitation spectroscopy and by temperature, lifetime, and solvent dependence studies of the emission.
A New Six-Port Based Time domain Load-pull Measurement Technique (2000)

This paper presents a new method for the measurements of both voltage and current waveforms of a microwave signal. The proposed method uses a characterized reference generator to calibrate a six-port reflectometer. This novel calibration procedure allows a six-port reflectometer to measure, in the frequency domain the amplitude and relative phase of the terms of the Fourier series associated with a periodic signal. The time domain measurements allow the detection of negative current pulses in the drain of a MESFET as well as voltage peaks that can deteriorate the gate-source junction of field effect transistors. One port measurements at a fundamental frequency at 4 GHz of a commercial MESFET operated in class F are presented.
Electrical Conductivity and Thermal Stability Studies on Polyaniline Sn(IV)tungstomolybdate Nanocomposite Cation-Exchange Material: Application as Pb(II) Ion-Selective Membrane Electrode (2015)

Conducting polymeric-inorganic composite ion-exchange materials are now considered as an advanced class of materials due to their excellent ion-exchange behavior as well as their analytical and electroanalytical applications. In this study, electrically conductive nanocomposite of polyaniline Sn(IV) tungstomolybdate (PSTM) was synthesized by sol–gel method via the blend of inorganic precipitate of Sn(IV)tungstomolybdate into the matrix of polyaniline gel having good ion-exchange capacity and electrical conductivity behavior. The so obtained composite was characterized by using several sophisticated instrumental analyses; such as FTIR, TGA-DTA, XRD, SEM and TEM. Electrical conductivity behavior of this composite material was investigated by using 4-probe-in-line DC electrical conductivity measuring technique and the electrical conductivity was found in semiconductor region; i.e., 10−2 S cm−1, which followed Arrhenius equation for its temperature dependence. The thermal stability of the PSTM composite material in terms of dc electrical conductivity retention was studied under isothermal and cyclic techniques and electrical conductivity of the composite was found to be sufficiently stable under ambient temperature conditions. The dependence of the electrical conductivity on the concentration of conducting phases i.e., polyaniline exhibited that the increase in electrical conductivity followed the percolation threshold. Using this electroactive composite cation-exchanger, a novel heterogeneous precipitate based ion-selective membrane electrode was developed for the determination of Pb(II) ions in solutions. The membrane electrode has a quick response time with mechanically stable and can be used within a varied pH range. The selectivity coefficients for various cations evaluated by mixed solution method were found to be less than unity. The electrode was also found to be suitable in electrometric titrations.
Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species but not Glutathione Regulate Mercury Resistance to AML-2/DX100 Cells (2006)

The multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) mediates cellular efflux of various xenobiotics and cellular resistance to heavy metals. Previously we reported that MRP1 mediates resistance to mercury exposure and possible mechanism mediating MRP1 expression after mercury exposure. This study was designed to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione on the resistance of AML-2/DX100 cells to mercuric chloride. The MRP1 overexpressing cells (AML-2/DX100) cells showed less scavenging activity to ROS induced by mercury while no difference in the basal glutathione levels between AML-2/WT and AML-2/DX100 cells. Mercury induced the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) but not c-jun-N-terminal kinase in AML-2/DX100 cells. The specific inhibitor for p38 MAPK and ERK, and antioxidant decreased the production of MRP1 and therefore resistance of AML-2/DX100 cells against mercury exposure. These results suggest that induction of ROS and downstream p38 MAPK and ERK were involved in the resistance of cells to mercury by expression MRP1 in AML-2/DX100 cells.
Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation and Ring Annuloplasty Repair (2018)

Functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) primarily arises from asymmetric dilation of the tricuspid annulus in the setting of right ventricular dysfunction and enlargement in response to left-sided myocardial and valvular abnormalities. Even if the TR is not severe at the time of mitral valve surgery, it can worsen and even appear late after successful mitral valve surgery, which portends a poor prognosis. Despite data demonstrating inferior outcomes in the presence of residual TR, surgical repair for functional TR remains underused. Acceptance of TR, in the presence of tricuspid annular dilation, may be unacceptable. Surgical repair should consist of placement of a rigid or semirigid annular ring, which has been shown to provide superior durability as compared with suture and flexible band techniques. Finally, percutaneous annuloplasty for correction of functional TR may allow treatment of patients with recurrent TR at high risk of reoperation.
Handedness-dependent quasiparticle interference in the two enantiomers of the topological chiral semimetal PdGa (2020)

It has recently been proposed that combining chirality with topological band theory results in a totally new class of fermions. Understanding how these unconventional quasiparticles propagate and interact remains largely unexplored so far. Here, we use scanning tunneling microscopy to visualize the electronic properties of the prototypical chiral topological semimetal PdGa. We reveal chiral quantum interference patterns of opposite spiraling directions for the two PdGa enantiomers, a direct manifestation of the change of sign of their Chern number. Additionally, we demonstrate that PdGa remains topologically non-trivial over a large energy range, experimentally detecting Fermi arcs in an energy window of more than 1.6 eV that is symmetrically centered around the Fermi level. These results are a consequence of the deep connection between chirality in real and reciprocal space in this class of materials, and, thereby, establish PdGa as an ideal topological chiral semimetal.
A transforming activity not detected by DNA transfer to NIH 3T3 cells is detected by JB6 mouse epidermal cells. (1985)

Transfection of four different mouse epidermal tumor cell DNAs into NIH 3T3 cells yielded neither morphologically altered foci nor anchorage independence. However, promotion-sensitive, but not promotion-insensitive, JB6 mouse epidermal cell lines were permissive for the expression of anchorage independence after transfection of DNA from three of these tumor cell lines. This transforming activity and the promotion-sensitive activity that confers sensitivity to promotion of transformation show differences in restriction enzyme sensitivity. In view of this difference and the differences in both recipient cells and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate dependence of expression, it appears that the transforming activity and the promotion-sensitive activity are specified by different genes. The JB6 promotion-sensitive cell lines may be useful for detecting and cloning transforming genes that escape detection in the NIH 3T3 cell focus assay.
Chemoselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Flavoring Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds over Zr and Hf‐based Metal–Organic Frameworks (2021)

Chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds into allylic alcohols over Zr/Hf-based MOF-808. Appendix S1: Supporting information Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Study of resist hardmask interaction through surface activation layers (2018)

At IBM, one of the focus items for EUV patterning development is to enable the fullest extent of scaling to a second EUV node while maintaining single-exposure levels. The challenge for the next node of EUV patterning has been with attaining acceptable defectivity levels that can enable electrical yield at pitches 32nm and below. For single-expose EUV, the primary detractors to sub-32nm pitch yield are typically microbridging and line break defects, which have different root causes but can exist in the same dose range. Since the etch strategies for mitigating one of these defect types will result in exacerbating the other, the burden to improve defectivity cannot be placed solely on the pattern transfer process. Resist scumming, which is the root cause of microbriging, can be modulated through interactions with the resist-hardmask interface. The lack of acid at the substrate interface causes resist scumming, and therefore increasing the acidity at the resist hardmask interface can be expected to mitigate post-litho microbridge defects. As the number of EUV photons are significantly less compared to DUV exposures due to the high energy contained in each photon, an extra acid boost can also help to address the stochastics failures that dominate EUV patterning. This paper will demonstrate the concept of modulating the resist-hardmask interaction through surface activation layers, and show the subsequent effects on patterning process window and microbridging defectivity toward yield at pitches &lt;32nm.
Two-directional chain synthesis and terminus differentiation (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo-directional chain synthesis and terminus differentiationChristopher S. Poss and Stuart L. SchreiberCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1994, 27, 1, 9–17Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00037a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1383Altmetric-Citations249LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (646 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Biological Chemistry of Thiols in the Vasculature and in Vascular-related Disease (2009)

For all their similarities in structure and common chemistry, the functions of the amino thiols in vascular biology are remarkably different. This review details the basic chemistry of sulfhydryls that dictates their functions in health and disease. In addition, the biochemistry and metabolism of each thiol are outlined, in an effort to highlight its specific contributions to the normal biology and physiology of blood vessels and to the pathogenesis of vascular-related disease.
Survey of DC-DC Non-Isolated Topologies for Unidirectional Power Flow in Fuel Cell Vehicles (2020)

The automobile companies are focusing on recent technologies such as growing Hydrogen (H2) and Fuel Cell (FC) Vehicular Power Train (VPT) to improve the Tank-To-Wheel (TTW) efficiency. Benefits, the lower cost, `Eco' friendly, zero-emission and high-power capacity, etc. In the power train of fuel cell vehicles, the DC-DC power converters play a vital role to boost the fuel cell stack voltage. Hence, satisfy the demand of the motor and transmission in the vehicles. Several DC-DC converter topologies have proposed for various vehicular applications like fuel cell, battery, and renewable energy fed hybrid vehicles etc. Most cases, the DC-DC power converters are viable and cost-effective solutions for FC-VPT with reduced size and increased efficiency. This article describes the state-of-the-art in unidirectional non-isolated DC-DC Multistage Power Converter (MPC) topologies for FC-VPT application. The paper presented the comprehensive review, comparison of different topologies and stated the suitability for different vehicular applications. This article also discusses the DC-DC MPC applications more specific to the power train of a small vehicle to large vehicles (bus, trucks etc.). Further, the advantages and disadvantages pointed out with the prominent features for converters. Finally, the classification of the DC-DC converters, its challenges, and applications for FC technology is presented in the review article as state-of-the-art in research.
Artificial Intelligence in Minimally Invasive Interventional Treatment (2021)

Minimally invasive image guided treatment procedures often employ advanced image processing algorithms. The recent developments of artificial intelligence algorithms harbor potential to further enhance this domain. In this article we explore several application areas within the minimally invasive treatment space and discuss the deployment of artificial intelligence within these areas.
Mesogenic properties of two 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based bent-core geometrical isomers (2013)

Two new symmetrical oxadiazole-based bent-core mesogens bearing cis and trans geometrical stereoisomer tails, geranyloxy and neryloxy, have been synthesised and the effect of the cis–trans geometric configuration of the terminal chains on the thermal profile and mesomorphic behaviour were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and polarised optical microscopy. The trans–trans stereoisomer compound 4g with terminal geranyloxy chains exhibited a nematic phase characterised by the schlieren texture, which contained both 2- and 4-brush defects and remarkably no smectic mesophases. The cis–cis stereoisomer neryloxy derivative 4n has a much lower melting temperature but did not exhibit mesomorphism. In an attempt to further lower the melting point of the nematic mesophase, a binary mixture study was carried out between the geranyloxy and neryloxy 2,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. The mesomorphism is retained up to 50% ratio, with a cross-over reached at 70% of the geranyloxy trans–trans stereoisomer 4g, resulting in monotropic behaviour of the mixture. Once neryloxy cis–cis stereoisomer homologue 4n is in excess, the mesophase is completely suppressed.
Reverse Conducting Double Gate Lateral Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor in SOI Based Technology (2007)

In this paper we report a lateral insulated gate bipolar device with an embedded anti-parallel diode (body diode) for use in half bridge or full bridge configurations. The device offers ultra-fast switching speed and low on-state resistance and is based on an SOI proprietary process earlier reported by us (F. Udrea, et. al., 2004). The device features double CMOS gates operated from an integrated CMOS controller. When the anode gate is biased negatively with respect to the anode a hole inversion layer is formed at the surface of the n-well which leads to enhanced injection of holes and therefore a lower on-state resistance. When the device is turned-off by inactivating both the cathode and anode gates the 'extra' inversion layer emitter is physically suppressed and the device turns-off fast. The device is experimentally demonstrated with full set of measured characteristics and compared on the same wafer with a classical LIGBT, an anode-shorted LIGBT and an LDMOSFET. It is shown that the Double Gate Enhanced Injection device offers a remarkably better switching/on-state/breakdown trade-off and, very importantly in some applications, it benefits from a fast, low on-state, embedded anti-parallel diode.
Vedolizumab Results in Durable Clinical Remission in Crohn’s Disease (2014)

Introduction: In patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) from GEMINI 2, vedolizumab (VDZ) was efficacious and safe [1]. However, percentages of VDZ and placebo (PBO) patients with durable clinical remission (secondary end point; Crohn’s disease activity index [CDAI] score ≤150 points at 11 of 13 [≥80%] visits from week 6-52) were not significantly different. We considered factors (e.g., prior VDZ induction therapy in maintenance PBO patients coupled with the long VDZ half-life) that may have led to this result when defining alternative post hoc endpoints to further evaluate VDZ effects on durable remission. Methods: Patients with CD were randomly assigned to receive blinded VDZ 300 mg or PBO or openlabel VDZ 300 mg at week 0 and 2 of the GEMINI 2 induction phase (week 0-6). In the maintenance phase (week 6-52), week 6 VDZ responders (≥70-point CDAI score decrease from week 0) were re-randomized to receive blinded VDZ 300 mg every 8 weeks (Q8W; n=154) or every 4 week (Q4W; n=154) or PBO (n=153). Post hoc durable clinical remission end points were defined as a CDAI score of ≤150 points at 8 of 13 (60%) maintenance visits, at both week 6 and 52, and at 10 of 12 (≥80%) visits from week 10 to 52. Results: At week 0, mean CD duration was 8.4 y (every 8 weeks), 7.7 y (every 4 weeks), and 9.6 y (PBO); mean CDAI score (every 8 weeks, 325.5; every 4 weeks, 317.0; PBO, 325.2) and prior failure of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists (every 8 weeks, 55%; every 4 weeks, 50%; PBO, 51%), immunosuppressants but not TNF antagonists (every 8 weeks, 32%; every 4 weeks, 35%; PBO, 32%), and corticosteroids only (every 8 weeks, 13%; every 4 weeks, 14%; PBO, 16%) were similar among groups. Percentages of patients with durable remission based on 8 of 13 (60%) visits and at week 6 and 52 were significantly higher with VDZ than with PBO (table). Percentages of those with durable remission based on 10 of 12 (≥80%) visits from week 10 to 52 were higher for every 4 weeks (significantly) and every 8 weeks (numerically) than for PBO (Table). Conclusion: Durable clinical remission has not been formally defined. In CD patients, including those with prior TNF antagonist failure, post hoc analyses of multiple clinically relevant alternative end points showed that VDZ (vs PBO) led to durable clinical remission through week 52.Table 1
Impacts of solder voids on PQFN packages' thermal and mechanical performances (2010)

Power Quad Flat No-lead (PQFN) packages are extensively used in automotive applications. Features such as solder die attach material, thick copper lead frame, exposed heat sink and heavy gauge aluminum wire, are adopted to ensure good thermal management and reliability performance. Solder voids, cavities formed between power die and lead frame during solder reflowing process, are major defects in die bonding process, and are detrimental to packages' thermal, mechanical and reliability performances. In this study, the effects of solder voids on the thermal and mechanical performances of PQFN package are evaluated by numerical simulation. The thermal response of the package is predicted for different void sizes and locations. The solder voids raise slightly the junction temperature of the package when the voids do not cover a major portion of the die attach area. The effects of the solder voids on the package's mechanical performance are assessed by carrying out mechanical simulations with different void sizes and locations. The void size does not have significant impact on power die stresses, whereas the location of voids, especially the large void at die edge/corner, raise the stress substantially.
Supramolecular copolymers with stimuli-responsive sequence control (2015)

Two molecular inputs to control supramolecular copolymer sequence: towards molecular design of synthetic supramolecular networks.