gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Model for SSTDR Signal Propagation Through Photovoltaic Strings (2020)

The ability of spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) to detect and locate faults in photovoltaic (PV) systems is considered in this article. This article provides a simulation that could be used for studying how faults and other parameters affect the reflectometry response and evaluating fault detection algorithms, for providing comparison simulations in iterative inversion algorithms used to detect and locate faults, or it could potentially be used to replace the measured baseline for these algorithms. The simulation uses an enhanced systematic solution procedure to find the reflection signature of the PV system, and is capable of modeling elements with complex impedance in both series and parallel separated by transmission lines. This article is an expansion of previous work to be capable of simulating systems containing n number of elements (such as PV panels and transmission lines) in series or parallel. The simulation was tested for 20 systems containing up to four resistors, capacitors, and PV cells, and was compared to the measured data.
Joint optimization of rate, distortion, and decoding energy for HEVC intraframe coding (2016)

This paper presents a novel algorithm that aims at minimizing the required decoding energy by exploiting a general energy model for HEVC-decoder solutions. We incorporate the energy model into the HEVC encoder such that it is capable of constructing a bit stream whose decoding process consumes less energy than the decoding process of a conventional bit stream. To achieve this, we propose to extend the traditional Rate-Distortion-Optimization scheme to a Decoding-Energy-Rate-Distortion approach. To obtain fast encoding decisions in the optimization process, we derive a fixed relation between the quantization parameter and the Lagrange multiplier for energy optimization. Our experiments show that this concept is applicable for intraframe-coded videos and that for local playback as well as online streaming scenarios, up to 15% of the decoding energy can be saved at the expense of a bitrate increase of approximately the same magnitude.
Novel 120‐Hz TFT‐LCD motion‐blur‐reduction technology with integrated motion‐compensated frame‐interpolation timing controller (2008)

Abstract— Samsung has developed a high‐resolution full‐HD (1920 × 1080) 120‐Hz LCD‐TV panel using a novel pixel structure and a motion‐compensated frame‐interpolation (McFi) single‐chip solution. Our latest work includes launch of a 70‐in. full‐HD panel, the world's largest LCD TV in mass production, with a 120‐Hz frame rate. A serious problem involving the charging time margin has been completely overcome through the use of a new alternative 1G‐2D pixel structure and a new driving scheme. Compared with conventional dot‐inversion driving, our new dot‐inversion method, which is a spatial averaging technique, can save power because the column drivers are operated using vertical inversion driving. In addition, McFi, which merges individual ME/MC and timing‐controller (TCON) ICs and memories, has been developed and applied in a mass‐production product for the first time ever. The McFi solution provides 120‐Hz driving with the lowest possible system cost. Motion‐picture response time (MPRT) has been reduced from 1 5 to 8 msec. Moreover, for the case of 24‐Hz film source mode, motion judder has been completely eliminated. As a result, a lineup consisting of 40‐, 46‐, 52‐, 70‐, and 82‐in. LCD‐TV panels with high quality and manufacturability has been made possible.
Active NF-κB signalling is a prerequisite for influenza virus infection (2004)

Influenza virus still poses a major threat to human health. Despite widespread vaccination programmes and the development of drugs targeting essential viral proteins, the extremely high mutation rate of influenza virus still leads to the emergence of new pathogenic virus strains. Therefore, it has been suggested that cellular cofactors that are essential for influenza virus infection might be better targets for antiviral therapy. It has previously been reported that influenza virus efficiently infects Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized B cells, whereas Burkitt's lymphoma cells are virtually resistant to infection. Using this cellular system, it has been shown here that an active NF-kappaB signalling pathway is a general prerequisite for influenza virus infection of human cells. Cells with low NF-kappaB activity were resistant to influenza virus infection, but became susceptible upon activation of NF-kappaB. In addition, blocking of NF-kappaB activation severely impaired influenza virus infection of otherwise highly susceptible cells, including the human lung carcinoma cell lines A549 and U1752 and primary human cells. On the other hand, infection with vaccinia virus was not dependent on an active NF-kappaB signalling pathway, demonstrating the specificity of this pathway for influenza virus infection. These results might be of major importance for both the development of new antiviral therapies and the understanding of influenza virus biology.
P1‐025: EXOSOMES CONTAINING SPECIFIC TAU OLIGOMER FORMATIONS ACCELERATE PATHOLOGICAL TAU PHOSPHORYLATION IN C57BL/6 MICE (2018)

Increasing evidence suggests that tau aggregates spread and replicate via cell-to-cell transmission, with the uptake of pathological tau causing misfolded aggregations of monomeric tau in recipient cells. A single intracerebral inoculation of extracellular vesicles containing tau into murine brains was shown to induce tau phosphorylation and soluble tau oligomer formation. Thus, we hypothesize that tau-containing exosomes derived from Alzheimer's affected human brains can serve as a seed for the spread of tauopathy in recipient animal brains. Exosome-enriched fractions were isolated from unfixed frozen human brain samples from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control (CTRL) cases, as well as from tau knockout (TKO) mouse brains. Tau oligomer epitopes were determined by dot blot using antibodies against T22, T18, TOMA1, TOMA2, TOMA3 and TOMA4 for all of the exosome fractions that were used as injectates. Two-month old C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with human brain exosomes containing tau, TKO exosomes, or saline, into the right dorsal hippocampus. After injection, the brains were incubated for 18 weeks. The brains were then subjected to immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) epitopes. Each of the human-derived exosome samples has its own unique fingerprint of tau oligomer expression by dot blot. Surprisingly, mice that were injected with one of the AD and with one of the CTRL exosome samples showed remarkable AT8-immunoreactivity in the hilus and subgranular zone regions of the hippocampus, while this was absent in the 9 other injectate groups including TKO-injected mice. Interestingly, one of these two positive exosome samples was only positive for TOMA2, while the other was positive for T22, T18 and TOMA3. Alzheimer's brain derived tau-exosomes accelerate pathological tau phosphorylation in relation to the specific type of tau oligomer(s) included within the exosomes.
Re-engineering a war-machine: ARTFL's Encyclopedie (1999)

Current circumstances, specifically (i) competition from commercial developers and (ii) the need for compatibility between disparate data sources, suggest that it is crucially important to reconsider the ways in which the guidelines of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) are applied to computing projects in the humanities. Based on our work with Diderot and d'Alembert's Encycloédie, we contend that, in many cases light, automatically generated tagging is preferable to extensive manual mark-up. The massive size nd complex textual structures of this work made it imperative to devise procedures that would eliminate the need for hand editing. Data capture for this project was limited to clear typographic conventions using HTML conventions and simplified SGML-style tags. All identification of textual units (such as articles and cross-references) and textual attributes (such as authorship and subject headings) was then carried out automatically. The resulting hierarchical units (articles works, paragraphs) can be queried in diverse ways using systems developed by the ARTFL Project. These systems provide full-test retrieval and full-text searching, either in the full text or in a sub-corpus defined by the user. The proven viability of these procedures leads us to assert that this model could be applied profitably to a much wider range of projects where cost-effectiveness and flexibility are desirable.
Machine Learning Framework for Quantum Sampling of Highly-Constrained, Continuous Optimization Problems (2021)

In recent years, there is a growing interest in using quantum computers for solving combinatorial optimization problems. In this work, we developed a generic, machine learning-based framework for mapping continuous-space inverse design problems into surrogate quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems by employing a binary variational autoencoder and a factorization machine. The factorization machine is trained as a low-dimensional, binary surrogate model for the continuous design space and sampled using various QUBO samplers. Using the D-Wave Advantage hybrid sampler and simulated annealing, we demonstrate that by repeated resampling and retraining of the factorization machine, our framework finds designs that exhibit figures of merit exceeding those of its training set. We showcase the framework's performance on two inverse design problems by optimizing (i) thermal emitter topologies for thermophotovoltaic applications and (ii) diffractive meta-gratings for highly efficient beam steering. This technique can be further scaled to leverage future developments in quantum optimization to solve advanced inverse design problems for science and engineering applications.
A general algorithm to automatically create admittance matrices for electric networks (2013)

In this paper, a general method to automatically create admittance matrices for power electric networks is presented. This is a part of a joint project between Mississippi State University and University of Texas at Austin Center for Electromechanics (CEM). Starting with an electric network designed in the Mathworks software Simulink (SimPowerSystems) and output from Simulink as an XML file, we parse the XML file for the relevant information (blocks, connectivity, and parameters). The underlying algorithm consists of four stages: 1) Calculate the conductance values of the components in each block, 2) Build a matrix representing the connectivity of components, 3) Assign a unique number for each node, and finally 4) Calculate the admittance matrix using the data obtained from the previous steps. This is the initial work to support the development of a parallel computing tool where the power system will be solved using a tool developed by the University of Texas called CEMSolver. The second phase of this joint project will be finding the most optimal partitioned systems in such a way that the matrices of each partition are distributed to different CPUs and the total CPU usage for these subsystems will be minimal. Thus, the power system will be partitioned and each partition will have its own admittance matrix.
Metamagnetic transition in single-crystalBi4Cu3V2O14 (2010)

We report on high magnetic field magnetization, magnetic torque, specific-heat, and $^{51}\text{V}$ NMR measurements on ${\text{Bi}}_{4}{\text{Cu}}_{3}{\text{V}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{14}$ single crystals, which display a characteristic chain structure along the crystallographic $a$ axis. The system undergoes a magnetic phase transition below 5.5 K. For the magnetic field $H\ensuremath{\parallel}a$, the data reveal a metamagnetic transition from an antiferromagnetic (AFM) to a weak-ferromagnetic (WFM) state at ${H}_{c}\ensuremath{\simeq}7.6\text{ }\text{T}$. Based on our results, the low-temperature magnetic phase diagram is determined. Furthermore, the magnetization measurements along with the NMR results suggest that the weak ferromagnetism along the $a$ axis is possibly due to a canted AFM spin structure with two distinct magnetic sublattices.
Group Delay Locking of Broadband Phased Lasers (2012)

We demonstrate a method for single-detector coherent sensing and co-alignment of group delays in a phased fiber array, enabling robust coherent combining of broadband sources despite initial path mismatches exceeding the laser coherence length.
SU‐F‐T‐186: A Treatment Planning Study of Normal Tissue Sparing with Robustness Optimized IMPT, 4Pi IMRT, and VMAT for Head and Neck Cases (2016)

Purpose: We performed a retrospective dosimetric comparison study between the robustness optimized Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (RO‐IMPT), volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and the non‐coplanar 4? intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). These methods represent the most advanced radiation treatment methods clinically available. We compare their dosimetric performance for head and neck cancer treatments with special focus on the OAR sparing near the tumor volumes. Methods: A total of 11 head and neck cases, which include 10 recurrent cases and one bilateral case, were selected for the study. Different dose levels were prescribed to tumor target depending on disease and location. Three treatment plans were created on commercial TPS systems for a novel noncoplanar 4π method (20 beams), VMAT, and RO‐IMPT technique (maximum 4 fields). The maximum patient positioning error was set to 3 mm and the maximum proton range uncertainty was set to 3% for the robustness optimization. Line dose profiles were investigated for OARs close to tumor volumes. Results: All three techniques achieved 98% coverage of the CTV target and most photon plans had less than 110% of the hot spots. The RO‐IMPT plans show superior tumor dose homogeneity than 4? and VMAT plans. Although RO‐IMPT has greater R50 dose spillage to the surrounding normal tissue than 4π and VMAT, the RO‐IMPT plans demonstrate better or comparable OAR (parotid, mandible, carotid, oral cavity, pharynx, and etc.) sparing for structures closely abutting tumor targets. Conclusion: The RO‐IMPT's ability of OAR sparing is benchmarked against the C‐arm linac based non‐coplanar 4π technique and the standard VMAT method. RO‐IMPT consistently shows better or comparable OAR sparing even for tissue structures closely abutting treatment target volume. RO‐IMPT further reduces treatment uncertainty associated with proton therapy and delivers robust treatment plans to both unilateral and bilateral head and neck cancer patients with desirable treatment time.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Substituted 4‐(Trifluoromethyl)phenols by Directed ortho‐Lithiation. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Distributed Transverse Stress Measurement of an Optical Fiber Using Polarimetric OFDR (2016)

A novel polarimetric OFDR that can simultaneously measure both space-resolved transverse-stresses and reflections along a &gt; 800–1200 meters optical fiber is reported, where the system can unambiguously distinguish stresses from any reflections with sub-mm-spatial resolution.
Combining Bioactive Multifunctional Dental Composite with PAMAM for Root Dentin Remineralization (2017)

<i>Objectives</i>. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a bioactive multifunctional composite (BMC) via nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of silver (NAg); and (2) investigate the effects of combined BMC + poly (amido amine) (PAMAM) on remineralization of demineralized root dentin in a cyclic artificial saliva/lactic acid environment for the first time. <i>Methods</i>. Root dentin specimens were prepared and demineralized with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s. Four groups were prepared: (1) root dentin control; (2) root dentin with BMC; (3) root dentin with PAMAM; (4) root dentin with BMC + PAMAM. Specimens were treated with a cyclic artificial saliva/lactic acid regimen for 21 days. Calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion concentrations and acid neutralization were determined. The remineralized root dentin specimens were examined via hardness testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). <i>Results</i>. Mechanical properties of BMC were similar to commercial control composites (<i>p</i> = 0.913). BMC had excellent Ca and P ion release and acid-neutralization capability. BMC or PAMAM alone each achieved slight mineral regeneration in demineralized root dentin. The combined BMC + PAMAM induced the greatest root dentin remineralization, and increased the hardness of pre-demineralized root dentin to match that of healthy root dentin (<i>p</i> = 0.521). <i>Significance</i>. The excellent root dentin remineralization effects of BMC + PAMAM were demonstrated for the first time. BMC + PAMAM induced effective and complete root dentin remineralization in an acid challenge environment. The novel BMC + PAMAM method is promising for Class V and other restorations to remineralize and protect tooth structures.
Diffusion coded photography for extended depth of field (2010)

In recent years, several cameras have been introduced which extend depth of field (DOF) by producing a depth-invariant point spread function (PSF). These cameras extend DOF by deblurring a captured image with a single spatially-invariant PSF. For these cameras, the quality of recovered images depends both on the magnitude of the PSF spectrum (MTF) of the camera, and the similarity between PSFs at different depths. While researchers have compared the MTFs of different extended DOF cameras, relatively little attention has been paid to evaluating their depth invariances. In this paper, we compare the depth invariance of several cameras, and introduce a new camera that improves in this regard over existing designs, while still maintaining a good MTF.
Analyzing Training Using Phase Transitions in Entropy---Part I: General Theory (2020)

We analyze phase transitions in the conditional entropy of a sequence caused by a change in the conditional variables. Such transitions happen, for example, when training to learn the parameters of a system, since the transition from the training phase to the data phase causes a discontinuous jump in the conditional entropy of the measured system response. For large-scale systems, we present a method of computing a bound on the mutual information obtained with one-shot training, and show that this bound can be calculated using the difference between two derivatives of a conditional entropy. The system model does not require Gaussianity or linearity in the parameters, and does not require worst-case noise approximations or explicit estimation of any unknown parameters. The model applies to a broad range of algorithms and methods in communication, signal processing, and machine learning that employ training as part of their operation.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Peptide Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors. Part 6. Design and Synthesis of Rigid, Centrally Constrained Non‐Peptide Fibrinogen Receptor Antagonists. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Three-dimensional joint transform correlator (1998)

The three-dimensional (3-D) joint transform correlator is demonstrated with realistic targets. Three-dimensional objects observed by multiple cameras are correlated with a 3-D reference object. The number of cameras and their directions of observation are particularly considered.
O2‐01‐02: CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE BRAIN‐DERIVED EXOSOMES (2018)

Studies have found tau-containing exosomes isolated from multiple biospecimens from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, even in prodromal cases. We have recently shown that exosomes derived from microglia were able to spread tau to neurons in a model of AD, suggesting their role in AD progression. There is no comprehensive dataset on the protein composition of exosomes isolated from AD biospecimens. We therefore characterized proteomic profiles of exosomes isolated from cortical grey matter of control (CTRL) and AD cohorts. Exosome-enriched fractions were isolated from AD and CTRL (including prodromal AD) brains from two independent brain banks. Their structural and biochemical properties were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry. The data were subjected to bioinformatic analysis of functional properties and disease associations. Human brain-derived exosomes have a mode diameter of 116nm for both CTRL and AD. Proteomic analysis showed that exosomes commonly shared 387 or 412 proteins for the CTRL or AD condition, respectively. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of each cohort of proteins showed that the majority of samples segregate by disease condition. Each sample had at least a 55% overlap with commonly observed exosomal molecules, which were also significantly enriched by Gene Ontology analysis. Both CTRL and AD exosomes contain tau, which had more phosphorylated sites in the AD cohort. AD-derived exosomes also contained more unique proteins (88 for AD vs. 64 for CTRL brains), and were enriched for cell surfaces molecules, which could potentially serve as biomarkers. Pathway analyses of the entire set of proteins expressed in each condition revealed enhanced APP signaling, Prion disease ontology, and stress-activated p38 MAPK cascade in AD. In contrast, the CTRL group showed enhanced expression of neurogenic molecules and microtubule organization molecules. There are significant differences in the protein signatures in exosomes derived from AD as compared to CTRL brains, despite their biophysiological similarities. AD samples are enriched in APP and prion disease proteins over CTRL, and express unique cell surface molecules.
Camera-based document image retrieval as voting for partial signatures of projective invariants (2005)

We propose a method of document image retrieval using digital cameras. The proposed method takes as input a part or the whole of a document acquired as a query by a digital camera, and retrieves a document image that includes the query. For this purpose, it is required to solve the problem of "perspective distortion" of images, as well as to establish a way of matching parts of document images flexibly. These are achieved based on the following characteristics of the proposed method: (1) indexing of document images using the projective invariants called the "cross-ratios", (2) retrieval as voting for partial signatures of document images defined by the cross-ratios. From experimental results using digital cameras with high and low resolutions, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Practical Parallel Synthesis of 2-Substituted Indolizines (2003)

A practical parallel synthesis of 2-substituted indolizines 4 via phase-separation techniques is reported. Their further transformation into indolizidines 5 is also described.
Flexible, stretchable tactile arrays from MEMS barometers (2013)

Many applications for tactile sensors require a flexible, stretchable array to allow installation on curved surfaces or to measure forces on deformable objects. This paper presents a sensor array created with barometers and flexible printed circuit boards that delivers high sensitivity on a flexible, stretchable package using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components: MEMS barometers and commercially-compatible flexible printed circuit boards. The array is demonstrated on the surface of a jamming gripper, where it provides the ability to sense grasping events and detect object shape.