gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Aggregation Techniques for Load Balancing in Distributed Systems (2008)

One of the today issues in software engineering is to find new effective ways to deal intelligently with the increasing complexity of distributed computing systems. In this context a crucial role is played by the balancing of the work load among all nodes in a system composed of interconnected nodes that enter and exit the system without following any rule. To address this issue, we are experimenting with the usage of autonomic self-aggregation techniques that rewire the system in groups of homogeneous nodes that are then able to balance the load among each others using classical techniques.
The Comeback of Reed Solomon Codes (2018)

Distributed storage systems utilize erasure codes to reduce their storage costs while efficiently handling failures. Many of these codes (e. g., Reed-Solomon (RS) codes) rely on Galois Field (GF) arithmetic, which is considered to be fast when the field characteristic is 2. Nevertheless, some developments in the field of erasure codes offer new efficient techniques that require mostly XOR operations, and are thus faster than GF operations. Recently, Intel announced [1] that its future architecture (codename “Ice Lake”) will introduce new set of instructions called Galois Field New Instruction (GF-NI). These instructions allow software flows to perform vector and matrix multiplications over GF (2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> ) on the wide registers that are available on the AVX512 architectures. In this paper, we explain the functionality of these instructions, and demonstrate their usage for some fast computations in GF(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> ). We also use the Intel <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> Intelligent Storage Acceleration Library (ISA-L) in order to estimate potential future improvement for erasure codes that are based on RS codes. Our results predict ≈ 1.4× speedup for vectorized multiplication, and 1.83× speedup for the actual encoding.
Strength of the Suture in the Epitenon and within the Tendon Fibres: Development of Stronger Peripheral Suture Technique (1992)

In tendon repair, the peripheral stitches are usually placed in the epitenon, but it has not yet been defined whether the grasping strength of the sutures in the epitenon and within the tendon fibres are different. The first stage of this work investigated this difference and found that peripheral stitches within cadaveric tendon fibres were 83% stronger than those in the epitenon layer. A new peripheral stitch, based on this finding, has been designed. Mechanical tests of a range of peripheral suture types in vitro found that the new technique gave a resistance to gap formation twice that of the peripheral stitches commonly in use at present and a rupture strength more than three times, while still avoiding eversion problems.
Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Breast Cancer Subset Enriched in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Characteristics (2020)

Metaplastic breast cancers (MBC) are aggressive, chemoresistant tumors characterized by lineage plasticity. To advance understanding of their pathogenesis and relatedness to other breast cancer subtypes, 28 MBCs were compared with common breast cancers using comparative genomic hybridization, transcriptional profiling, and reverse-phase protein arrays and by sequencing for common breast cancer mutations. MBCs showed unique DNA copy number aberrations compared with common breast cancers. PIK3CA mutations were detected in 9 of 19 MBCs (47.4%) versus 80 of 232 hormone receptor–positive cancers (34.5%; P = 0.32), 17 of 75 HER-2–positive samples (22.7%; P = 0.04), 20 of 240 basal-like cancers (8.3%; P < 0.0001), and 0 of 14 claudin-low tumors (P = 0.004). Of 7 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway phosphorylation sites, 6 were more highly phosphorylated in MBCs than in other breast tumor subtypes. The majority of MBCs displayed mRNA profiles different from those of the most common, including basal-like cancers. By transcriptional profiling, MBCs and the recently identified claudin-low breast cancer subset constitute related receptor-negative subgroups characterized by low expression of GATA3-regulated genes and of genes responsible for cell-cell adhesion with enrichment for markers linked to stem cell function and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In contrast to other breast cancers, claudin-low tumors and most MBCs showed a significant similarity to a “tumorigenic” signature defined using CD44+/CD24− breast tumor–initiating stem cell–like cells. MBCs and claudin-low tumors are thus enriched in EMT and stem cell–like features, and may arise from an earlier, more chemoresistant breast epithelial precursor than basal-like or luminal cancers. PIK3CA mutations, EMT, and stem cell-like characteristics likely contribute to the poor outcomes of MBC and suggest novel therapeutic targets.
The Role of a “Schottky Barrier” at an Electron‐Collection Electrode in Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2006)

Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells perform in a strictly different manner when tested under monochromatic as opposed to white-light illumination. Without a UV component in the illumination source, a Schottky barrier is present at the anode interface. Data suggest (see figure) that the generation of surface states, under white-light illumination, results in a pinning of the Fermi level in the TiO2 at the anode interface. Improving this contact facilitates significant improvement in the device performance.
Performance analysis of hybrid cognitive radio systems with imperfect channel knowledge (2016)

In this paper, we study the performance of hybrid cognitive radio systems that combine the benefits of interweave and underlay systems by employing a spectrum sensing and a power control mechanism at the Secondary Transmitter (ST). Existing baseline models considered for performance analysis assume perfect knowledge of the involved channels at the ST, however, such situations hardly exist in practical deployments. Motivated by this fact, we propose a novel approach that incorporates channel estimation at the ST, and consequently characterizes the performance of Hybrid Systems (HSs) under realistic scenarios. To capture the impact of imperfect channel knowledge, we propose outage constraints on the detection probability at the ST and on the interference power received at the primary receiver. Our analysis reveals that the baseline model overestimates the performance of the HS in terms of achievable secondary user throughput. Finally, based on the proposed estimation-sensing-throughput tradeoff, we determine suitable estimation and sensing durations that effectively capture the effect of imperfect channel knowledge and subsequently enhance the achievable secondary user throughput.
Measurement of the cross-section for W boson production in association with b-jets in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV with the ATLAS detector (2013)

A bstract This paper reports a measurement of the W + b -jets ( W + b + X and W + $ b\overline{b} $ + X ) production cross-section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC. These results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb −1 , collected with the ATLAS detector. Cross-sections are presented as a function of jet multiplicity and of the transverse momentum of the leading b -jet for both the muon and electron decay modes of the W boson. The W + b -jets cross-section, corrected for all known detector effects, is quoted in a limited kinematic range. Combining the muon and electron channels, the fiducial cross-section for W + b -jets is measured to be 7.1 ± 0.5 (stat) ± 1.4 (syst) pb, consistent with the next-to-leading order QCD prediction, corrected for non-perturbative and double-parton interactions (DPI) contributions, of 4.70 ± 0.09 (stat) $ _{-0.49}^{+0.60 } $ (scale) ±0.06 (PDF) ±0.16 (non-pert) $ _{-0.38}^{+0.52 } $ (DPI) pb.
Diphenyl(1-naphthyl)phosphine Ancillary for Assembling of Red and Orange-Emitting Ir(III) Based Phosphors; Strategic Synthesis, Photophysics, and Organic Light-Emitting Diode Fabrication (2010)

Treatment of a series of dinuclear Ir(III) complexes [(fnazo)(2)Ir(μ-Cl](2), [(fpiq)(2)Ir(μ-Cl](2), and [(fppy)(2)Ir(μ-Cl](2) with diphenyl(1-naphthyl)phosphine (dpnH) in decalin at 100 °C afforded the simple adducts, trans-N,N'-[(fnazo)(2)Ir(dpnH)Cl] (1a), trans-N,N'-[(fpiq)(2)Ir(dpnH)Cl] (1b), and trans-N,N'-[(fppy)(2)Ir(dpnH)Cl] (1c), for which the C(∧)N cyclometalating reagents, that is, fnazoH, fpiqH and fppyH, stands for 4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinazoline, 1-(4-fluorophenyl)isoquinoline and 4-fluorophenylpyridine, respectively. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study on 1a revealed existence of two trans-N,N' cyclometalates, with both chloride and dpnH donors located at the positions opposite to the phenyl substituents. Subsequent heating of 1a-1c at higher temperature afforded the second isomer (2a-2c), showing formation of cis-N,N' orientation for the aforementioned cyclometalates. Further thermolysis of either trans or cis-Ir(III) complexes 1 or 2 in presence of sodium acetate, which serves as both activator and chloride scavenger, gave successful isolation of a mixture of two fully cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes trans-N,N'-[(C(∧)N)(2)Ir(dpn)] (3a-3c) and cis-N,N'-[(C(∧)N)(2)Ir(dpn)] (4a-4c). Structural and photophysical properties of complexes 3a-3c and 4a-4c were measured and compared. Time-dependent density functional theory (DFT) studies suggested that, upon changing the C(∧)N cyclometalates from quinazolinyl, isoquinolinyl, and, finally, to pyridyl fragment, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) are gradually shifted from the cyclometalating nitrogen heterocycles to the 1-naphthyl group of the phosphine chelate and, concomitantly altered the photophysical properties. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) using orange-red phosphors 4a and 4b has been successfully fabricated. At the practical brightness of 500 cd·m(-2), decent external quantum efficiency of 10.6% and 12.5% could be reached for 4a and 4b, respectively, revealing the usefulness of relevant molecular architecture in designing triplet OLED emitters.
In situ analysis of neuronal dynamics and positional cues in the patterning of nerve connections (1990)

Recently developed imaging techniques permit individual cells to be uniquely labeled and followed over time as development proceeds in intact vertebrate embryos. Small groups of cells in the developing eye rudiment of the frog Xenopus have been labeled with the vital dyes DiI, lysinated fluorescein dextran (LFD) or lysinated rhodamine dextran (LRD). Individual optic axons and their growth cones were clearly visible in the intact living animal using confocal microscopy or epifluorescence microscopy with a low light level video camera and computer-based video image enhancement. To follow the dynamics of single optic nerve fiber terminal arborizations, small groups of cells, or even single retinal ganglion cells, were labeled with DiI, and the resulting labeled optic nerve fibers were imaged using a confocal microscope. The images show a profound alteration in morphology from day to day, demonstrating that optic nerve terminal arborizations are dynamic structures constantly extending and retracting branches. To follow the topography of the developing projection and analyze the cues that guide its formation, small groups of eyebud cells from LFD- and LRD-labeled donor embryos were grafted to an unlabeled host in either a location equivalent to that from which they had been removed (homotopic grafts) or a non-equivalent location (heterotopic grafts). Axons from homotopic grafts projected to the tectum as expected from the adult topography of the retinotectal projection. Dorsoventral topography was present from the time that the optic nerve fibers were observable in the tectum, in agreement with previous work. Nasotemporal topography was subtle or absent for the first few days, and then slowly refined. The importance of positional cues was tested by performing heterotopic eyebud grafts, in which the labeled eyebud cells are grafted to inappropriate places in the host eyebud. The heterotopic grafts appeared to integrate with the ectopic site in the eyebud in a functional manner. They should, therefore, project to the tectum together with their new neighbors if neighbor interactions or activity-based cues were of primary importance in the initial patterning of the map. However, the experiments showed that the axons from heterotopic grafts always behaved in a fashion appropriate to their position of origin in the donor, regardless of their final position in the host. These observations indicate that small groups of eyebud cells (as small as a single cell) possess positional information that plays a dominant role in guiding the optic nerve fibers to their target sites in the tectum.
Molecular dynamic simulations of maximum pull-out forces of embedded CNTs for sensor applications and validating nano scale experiments (2014)

We present investigations of pull-out tests on CNTs embedded in palladium by means of molecular dynamics (MD) and compare our results of maximum pull-out forces with values of nano scale in situ pull-out tests inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Our MD model allows the investigation of crucial influencing parameters on the interface behaviour, like CNT diameter, intrinsic CNT defects and functional groups. For the experiments we prepared simple specimens using silicon substrates and wafer level compliant technologies. We realised the nano scale experiment with a nanomanipulation system supporting an AFM cantilever with known stiffness as a force sensing element inside a SEM. Greyscale correlation has been used to evaluate the cantilever deflection. From simulations derived maximum pull-out forces are approximately 17 nN and depend on the existence of intrinsic defects or functional groups and weakly on temperature. Experimentally obtained maximum pull-out forces with values between 16-29 nN are in good agreement with the computational predictions. Our results are of significant interest for the design and a failure-mechanistic treatment of future mechanical sensors with integrated single-walled CNTs showing high piezoresistive gauge factor or other nano scale systems incorporating CNT-metal interfaces.
Development of an Acetate-Fed or Sugar-Fed Microbial Power Generator for Military Bases (2011)

Abstract : Our main goal is to develop and optimize a microbial fuel cell (MFC) that uses a non-flammable and renewable fuel, such as acetate or sucrose, to be used in future military missions. Thus, we must design an MFC capable of producing high power densities with minimal potential losses. These characteristics would allow the MFC to be feasible and efficient. Our proposed approach is to optimize each component of MFCs and then use these components in novel reactor designs that yield high power densities. We have recently finished the first quarter of the project and are beginning the second one. The goals for the first quarter included: (1) testing anode and anion exchange membrane (AEM) materials, (2) developing a mixed culture for sucrose consumption in an MFC, and (3) completing the design of the MFC modules. The goals for the ongoing second quarter include: (1) optimizing the anode medium for anode-respiring bacteria (ARB) using the PCBIOFILM model and short-term experiments and (2) constructing the MFC modules. We successfully achieved the 3 goals for the first quarter. We tested graphite and stainless steel as anode materials for ARB growth, showing the greater suitability of carbon fibers as anode material (Figures 1-2). We also tested different commercially available AEMs to select for the most suitable for our MFC modules (Figure 3 and Table 1). Using these selected materials, we are underway of constructing our first MFC module (Figure 5). We also used an enriched consortium of homo-acetogenic bacteria to consume sucrose and convert it into volatile fatty acids (VFAs) that are easily consumed by ARB (Figure 4). This culture produces mainly lactate and acetate as fermentation products and is ready for test in the MFC modules.
Rejection of narrow-band disturbances subject to uncertain time delays (2000)

In this work, the problem of designing feedback contollers for the rejection of narrow-band disturbances is considered. The design technique proposed herein is based on the overparametrization of a nominal minimum-variance controller, which is designed by means of an ARMA model of a sinusoid in noise. The extra degrees of freedom so introduced are used to improve the robustness of the nominal controller, when the time delay of the plant is subject to uncertainties, by minimizing a minimum-variance performance index along a one-dimensional line. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐(3‐Oxo‐1,2‐benzisothiazolin‐2‐yl)(Phenyl‐, Phenoxy‐)alkanoic Acids: Synthesis, Antiphlogistic, Analgetic, and Antipyretic Properties. (1990)

Abstract The oxobenzisothiazolinecarboxylates (IV) are prepared by in situ reaction of the acid chloride (II) with the amino compounds (III).
Identification and characterisation of a novel conserved outer membrane protein fromNeisseria meningitidis (2000)

We have identified a homologue of the adhesin AIDA-I of Escherichia coli in Neisseria meningitidis. This gene was designated nhhA (Neisseria hia homologue), as analysis of the complete coding sequence revealed that it is more closely related to the adhesins Hia and Hsf of Haemophilus influenzae. The sequence of nhhA was determined from 10 strains, and found to be highly conserved. Studies of the localisation by Western immunoblot analysis of total cell proteins and outer membrane complex preparations and by immunogold electron microscopy revealed that NhhA is located in the outer membrane. A strain survey showed that nhhA is present in 85/85 strains of N. meningitidis representative of all the major disease-associated serogroups, based on Southern blot analysis. It is expressed in the majority of strains tested by Western immunoblot.
New Differential Protection for Variable Speed Doubly Fed Induction Machines (2018)

This paper presents a novel differential protection for the variable speed doubly fed induction machines (DFIMs), which typically are working as a generator in wind turbine systems and working as motor/generator in pump storage hydropower plants. The proposed protection, which is based on the comparison of the vector components Id-Iq of the rotor and stator currents, can protect the whole induction machine during the internal faults. This protection considers the dynamic variation of the rotor frequency and the extremely low rotor frequency along the different operation points of the DFIM. The proposed relay is validated in Matlab Simulink environment for a 2 MW DFIM, and the results show that the proposed differential protection protects effectively the entire induction machine during internal faults.
Magnification of Label Maps With a Topology-Preserving Level-Set Method (2012)

Image segmentation aims at partitioning an image into multiple segments. The application of this procedure produces a label map (also referred to as segmentation map) that classifies the pixels of the original image. In contrast to "natural" images, label maps are nominal-scale images, typically represented as integer-valued images. Nominal-scaled label maps can also appear as a representation of the raw data in areas, such as in geostatistics. In some applications, the original resolution of a label map does not suffice and a larger size map has to be generated. In this paper, we present a magnification algorithm for label maps and nominal images. The main property of our method is that it preserves the topology during the magnification process, which means that no isolated pixel vanishes. To the best of our knowledge, apart from nearest-neighbor interpolation, the problem of label map magnification has not previously been addressed in the literature. The main idea of the proposed method is to accomplish a boundary refinement by smoothing the regions' boundaries on a finer grid. The method relies on well known methods, namely, the fundamental operations of morphological image processing-erosion and dilation-and the level-set method. The level-set method is well suited for our purposes since it does not depend on a parametrization and it is numerically stable. The topological flexibility of the level-set method-often found to be an advantage in applications-is a drawback here, since the topology of the original label map should be preserved. However, using the so-called simple point criterion from digital topology, one can adapt the conventional level-set method so that the topology will not be modified throughout the magnification procedure.
Phase dynamics of semiconductor optical amplifiers at 10-40 GHz (2003)

The phase dynamics that occur in bulk InGaAsP-InP semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) in response to picosecond pulse excitations at 10 and 40 GHz are studied experimentally and numerically for various amplifier lengths. The time dependencies of the phase changes and of the absolute gain of the amplifier are measured simultaneously. The total phase shifts induced by 1.5-ps pulses at 10 GHz are higher than π in SOAs with active region lengths between 0.5 and 2 mm and exceed 2π in a 1.5-mm-long amplifier. Phase shifts above π are measured at 40 GHz in 1.5- and 2-mm-long SOAs. The dependence of the total phase shift on the amplifier bias current and length and on pump pulse energy is investigated. Numerical simulations based on a comprehensive time-domain SOA model allow us to confirm the experimental results for a wide range of amplifier parameters. In particular, SOAs with lengths up to 5 mm have been modeled, and the calculations suggest that the maximum phase shifts occur in amplifiers of approximately 2-mm length. The phase dynamics measurements are illustrated at the example of an optical time division multiplexing add-drop multiplexer, based on a SLALOM switch, gated by 10- or 40-GHz control pulses. We find that simultaneous good dropping and clearing is possible if the length and the operating conditions of the SOA in the switch are chosen such as to induce a full π phase shift.
miR‐27b‐5p inhibits BeWo cells fusion by regulating WNT2B and enzyme involved in progesterone synthesis (2021)

These observations suggest that reduced miR-27b-5p in forskolin-treated BeWo cells leads to increased secretion of progesterone and hCG due to loss of repressional control on HSD3β1 and WNT2B.
Characteristics Of He Implanted Stripe Waveguides In LiNbO3 (1988)

In this paper the characteristics of He implanted stripe otpical waveguides are discussed in relation to the various process parameters. The results show that by careful selection of the energy used for the wall implants, stripe waveguides can be produced with propagation losses down to 1.0dB cm-1 at A = 0.633&mu;m. The electrooptic coefficient in these waveguides has been measured using a simple phase modulator and it has yielded values which are 80% of the theoretical value for the r13 electrooptic coefficient of LiNb03. Experiments have also shown the intensity photoractive effects, which are routinely found in Ti indiffused waveguides, are not present here. The results presented are discussed in terms of the structure of the guides and the various process parameters.