gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Singapore KneE osTeoarthritis CoHort (SKETCH): protocol for a multi-centre prospective cohort study (2023)

Abstract Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of global disability. The understanding of the role of psychosocial factors in knee OA outcomes is still evolving particularly in an Asian context. The primary aim of this study is to explore psychosocial factors that prognosticate short and long-term clinical outcomes, productivity, and healthcare utilization in patients with knee OA. Secondary aims are to explore the mediation and directional relationships and the role it plays in predicting the discordance between self-reported measures (SRM), physical-performance measures (PPMs) and objective clinical parameters. Methods A multi-centre prospective cohort study of community ambulant knee OA patients seeking treatment in the tertiary healthcare institutions in Singapore will be conducted. Patients with secondary arthritis, significant cognitive impairment, severe medical comorbidities or previous knee arthroplasty will be excluded. Primary clinical outcome measure is the Knee injury and OA Outcome Score-12 (KOOS-12). Baseline characteristics include sociodemographic status, arthritis status including symptom duration and radiographic severity, comorbidities and functional status through Charlson Comorbidities Index (CCI), Barthel Index (BI) and Parker Mobility Score (PMS). Psychosocial variables include social support, kinesiophobia, negative affect, self-efficacy, injustice, chronic illness shame and the built environment. Clinical outcomes include quality of life, physical performance, global assessment, satisfaction and physical activity levels. Productivity and healthcare utilization will be assessed by a modified OA Cost and Consequences Questionnaire (OCC-Q) and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI). Variables will be collected at baseline, 4, 12 months and yearly thereafter. Regression, mediation and structural equation modelling will be used for analysis. Discussion Results will allow contextualization, identification, and phenotyping of the critical (and potentially modifiable) psychosocial parameters that predict positive clinical outcomes in the OA population to guide optimization and refinement of healthcare and community. This will facilitate: 1. identification of high-risk knee OA subpopulations that will likely experience poor outcomes and 2. formulation of targeted multidisciplinary comprehensive approaches to address these psychosocial factors to optimize non-surgical treatment care, maximize functional outcomes and create more value-based care model for knee OA. Ethics and dissemination The study has been registered under clinicaltrials.gov registry (Identifier: NCT04942236).
Lipofilling of the Breast Does Not Increase the Risk of Recurrence of Breast Cancer (2016)

Risk, II.
Sensor Forensics: Printers, Cameras and Scanners, They Never Lie (2007)

Forensic characterization of devices is important in many situations such as establishing the trust and verifying authenticity of data and the device that created it. Current forensic identification techniques for digital cameras, scanners and printers are highly reliable due to the fact that each of these devices cannot escape inherent electro-mechanical properties which add "signatures" to the data they produce. In this paper we will describe the sensor forensics work going on at Purdue University.
HIV-1 viral protein R compromises cellular immune function in vivo (2002)

HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) is a virion-associated gene product that profoundly affects T cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and can affect cytokine production in part through interfering with NF-kappa B-mediated transcription from host cells. Collectively, these effects support that Vpr could influence immune activation in vivo. However, this effect of Vpr has not been explored previously. Here we examined the effect of Vpr expression in an in vivo model system on the induction of antigen-specific immune responses using a DNA vaccine model. Vpr co-vaccination significantly altered the immune response to co-delivered antigen. Specifically, in the presence of Vpr, inflammation was markedly reduced compared to antigen alone. Vpr reduced antigen-specific CD8-mediated cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and suppressed T(h)1 immune responses in vivo as evidenced by lower levels of IFN-gamma. In the presence of Vpr, there is a profound shift in isotype towards a T(h)2 response as determined by the IgG2a:IgG1 ratio. The data support that Vpr compromises antigen-specific immune responses and ultimately effector cell function, thus confirming a strong selective advantage to the virus at the expense of the host.
ChemInform Abstract: Remote Acyclic Diastereocontrol Involving a Bicyclic Metal Chelate. High 1,5 Asymmetric Induction in the Hydride Reduction of δ‐ Hydroxy Ketones. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of MRI Contrast Agents on the Stem Cell Phenotype (2010)

The ultimate therapy for ischemic stroke is restoration of blood supply in the ischemic region and regeneration of lost neural cells. This might be achieved by transplanting cells that differentiate into vascular or neuronal cell types, or secrete trophic factors that enhance self-renewal, recruitment, long-term survival, and functional integration of endogenous stem/progenitor cells. Experimental stroke models have been developed to determine potential beneficial effect of stem/progenitor cell-based therapies. To follow the fate of grafted cells in vivo, a number of noninvasive imaging approaches have been developed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a high-resolution, clinically relevant method allowing in vivo monitoring of cells labeled with contrast agents. In this study, labeling efficiency of three different stem cell populations [mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC), rat multipotent adult progenitor cells (rMAPC), and mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSC)] with three different (ultra)small superparamagnetic iron oxide [(U)SPIO] particles (Resovist, Endorem, Sinerem) was compared. Labeling efficiency with Resovist and Endorem differed significantly between the different stem cells. Labeling with (U)SPIOs in the range that allows detection of cells by in vivo MRI did not affect differentiation of stem cells when labeled with concentrations of particles needed for MRI-based visualization. Finally, we demonstrated that labeled rMAPC could be detected in vivo and that labeling did not interfere with their migration. We conclude that successful use of (U)SPIOs for MRI-based visualization will require assessment of the optimal (U)SPIO for each individual (stem) cell population to ensure the most sensitive detection without associated toxicity.
Current methods for diagnosis of human tuberculosis and considerations for global surveillance. (2015)

This chapter discusses current diagnostic tools for the direct and indirect detection of tuberculosis in humans. These tests include microscopy, culture, antigen detection, nucleic acid detection assays, antibody detection and activated T cell assays. Potential for global biosurveillance of M. tuberculosis strains are then explored.
Thermal and mechanical properties of a polyhydroxyalkanoate plasticized with biobased epoxidized broccoli oil (2013)

ABSTRACT Broccoli oil was epoxidized through a simple process with performic acid generated in situ without any metal catalyst. The resulting epoxidized broccoli oil (EBO) was characterized by 1 H‐NMR, 13 C‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy and after a 72‐h reaction, and all initial double bonds were epoxidized without further degradation of the triglyceride. EBO was used thereafter as an additive in the formulation of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) films. The effects of EBO on the thermal and mechanical properties of PHA were studied with chromatography combined with thermal and mechanical analysis. From static and dynamic mechanical characterizations of PHA/EBO blends, EBO could be considered a good plasticizer for PHA. When blended with PHA, EBO caused a decrease in the elastic modulus, an increase in the elongation at break, and a decrease in the glass‐transition temperature. The beneficial effect of EBO on the thermal stability of the PHA was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis combined with size exclusion chromatography. The water vapor permeability of the PHA‐containing EBO films was also controlled by the EBO content. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014 , 131 , 39983.
Design considerations on solder joint reliability of dual row quad flat no-lead packages (2005)

The present studies are to determine the largest possible package body size and die size for dual row quad flat no-lead package feasibility designs by taking the warpage and solder joint board level reliability into consideration. The impacts of solder materials and lead finishing are also investigated. A three-dimensional finite element analysis is conducted to predict the solder joint creep behavior under a board level temperature cycling condition as defined in JEDEC specification. In order to model the solder joint structure in more detail without significantly increasing computational time, the global/local model approach is utilized. Since the first failure cycle for solder joint is of most interested during package development, the Coffin-Manson relationship between the first failure cycle and the incremental sectional-area averaged equivalent creep strain per temperature cycle simulated with finite element method is provided. The first failure cycle for solder joint can be then estimated with the Coffin-Manson fatigue life mode. Hence, the maximum package body size and die size can be optimized accordingly to suit application requirements.
How much crosstalk can be allowed in a stereoscopic system at various grey levels? (2012)

We have calculated a perceptual threshold of stereoscopic crosstalk on the basis of mathematical model of human vision sensitivity. Instead of linear model of just noticeable difference (JND) known as Weber's law we applied nonlinear Barten's model. The predicted crosstalk threshold varies with the background luminance. The calculated values of threshold are in a reasonable agreement with known experimental data. We calculated perceptual threshold of crosstalk for various combinations of the applied grey level. This result can be applied for the assessment of grey-to-grey crosstalk compensation. Further computational analysis of the applied model predicts the increase of the displayable image contrast with reduction of the maximum displayable luminance.
Cross-layer techniques for failure restoration of IP multicast with applications to IPTV (2010)

Broadcast TV distribution over an IP network requires stringent QoS constraints, such as low latency and loss. Streaming content in IPTV is typically delivered to distribution points on an IP backbone using IP multicast protocols such as Protocol Independent Multicast Source Specific Mode (PIM-SSM). Link-restoration using MPLS or layer-2 Fast Reroute (FRR) is a proven failure restoration technique. Link-based FRR creates a pseudo-wire or tunnel in parallel to the IP adjacencies (links); and thus, single link failures are transparent to the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) such as OSPF. Although one may choose the back-up path's IGP link weights to avoid traffic overlap during any single physical link failure, multiple failures may still cause traffic overlap with FRR. We present a cross-layer restoration approach that combines both FRR-based restoration for single link failure and ¿hitless¿ (i.e., without loss) PIM tree reconfiguration algorithms to prevent traffic overlap when multiple failures occur.
Perifosine Plus Bortezomib and Dexamethasone in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Previously Treated With Bortezomib: Results of a Multicenter Phase I/II Trial (2011)

Purpose Novel agents have improved patient outcome in relapsed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Preclinical data show that the novel signal transduction modulator, perifosine, enhances the cytotoxicity of dexamethasone and bortezomib. Clinical data suggest that perifosine in combination with dexamethasone has activity in relapsed or relapsed/refractory MM. Patients and Methods In a phase I/II study, perifosine in combination with bortezomib with or without dexamethasone was prospectively evaluated in 84 patients with relapsed or relapsed/refractory MM. All were heavily pretreated and bortezomib exposed; 73% were refractory to bortezomib, and 51% were refractory to bortezomib and dexamethasone. The dose selected for the phase II study was perifosine 50 mg/d plus bortezomib 1.3 mg/m 2 , with the addition of low-dose dexamethasone at 20 mg if progression occurred on perifosine plus bortezomib alone. Results An overall response rate (ORR; defined as minimal response or better) of 41% was demonstrated with this combination in 73 evaluable patients, including an ORR of 65% in bortezomib-relapsed patients and 32% in bortezomib-refractory patients. Therapy was generally well tolerated; toxicities, including gastrointestinal adverse effects and fatigue, proved manageable. No treatment-related mortality was seen. Median progression-free survival was 6.4 months, with a median overall survival of 25 months (22.5 months in bortezomib-refractory patients). Conclusion Perifosine–bortezomib ± dexamethasone demonstrated encouraging activity in heavily pretreated bortezomib-exposed patients with advanced MM. A phase III trial is underway comparing perifosine–bortezomib plus dexamethasone with bortezomib–dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory MM previously treated with bortezomib.
Revamping Cross-Modal Recipe Retrieval with Hierarchical Transformers and Self-supervised Learning (2021)

Cross-modal recipe retrieval has recently gained substantial attention due to the importance of food in people’s lives, as well as the availability of vast amounts of digital cooking recipes and food images to train machine learning models. In this work, we revisit existing approaches for cross-modal recipe retrieval and propose a simplified end-to-end model based on well established and high performing encoders for text and images. We introduce a hierarchical recipe Transformer which attentively encodes individual recipe components (titles, ingredients and instructions). Further, we propose a self-supervised loss function computed on top of pairs of individual recipe components, which is able to leverage semantic relationships within recipes, and enables training using both image-recipe and recipe-only samples. We conduct a thorough analysis and ablation studies to validate our design choices. As a result, our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance in the cross-modal recipe retrieval task on the Recipe1M dataset. We make code and models publicly available <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Real-Time Millimeter-Wave MIMO Channel Sounder for Dynamic Directional Measurements (2019)

In this paper, we present a novel real-time multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel sounder for the 28 GHz band. Until now, most investigations of the directional characteristics of millimeter-wave channels have used mechanically rotating horn antennas. In contrast, the sounder presented here is based on a phased array structure that performs fast <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">electronic</i> steering of the beams in the horizontal and vertical domains. This approach drastically shortens the measurement times for measurements that are directionally resolved both at the transmitter (TX) and the receiver (RX), and the measurement time per location is reduced from minutes or hours to milliseconds. This not only enables measurement of more TX–RX locations for a better statistical validity but also allows to perform directional analysis in dynamic environments. The sounder also has high phase stability, which, in conjunction with the short measurement time, leads to a low phase drift between TX and RX. This in turn enables phase-coherent sounding of all beam pairs even when TX and RX have no cabled connection for synchronization, and thus avoids any delay ambiguity. Furthermore, the phase stability over time enables complex RX waveform averaging to improve the signal-to-noise ratio during high path loss measurements. The paper discusses the system design as well as the measurements performed for verification of the sounder performance. Furthermore, we present sample results from double directional measurements in dynamic environments.
Consistency maintenance in peer-to-peer file sharing networks (2004)

While the current generation of peer-to-peer networks share predominantly static files, future peer-to-peer networks will support sharing of files that are modified frequently by their users. We present techniques to maintain temporal consistency of replicated files in a peer-to-peer network. We consider the Gnutella P2P network and present techniques for maintaining consistency in Gnutella even when peers containing replicated files dynamically join and leave the network. An experimental evaluation of our techniques shows that: (i) a hybrid approach based on push and pull achieves high fidelity in highly dynamic P2P networks and (ii) the run-time overheads of our techniques are small, making them a practical choice for P2P networks.
Supplementary Fig S10-S20 from Resolving the Spatial and Cellular Architecture of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Multiregion Single-Cell Sequencing (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S10-S20 and figure legends&lt;/p&gt;
Roles of Polymerization Dynamics, Opposed Motors, and a Tensile Element in Governing the Length of Xenopus Extract Meiotic Spindles (2005)

Metaphase spindles assemble to a steady state in length by mechanisms that involve microtubule dynamics and motor proteins, but they are incompletely understood. We found that Xenopus extract spindles recapitulate the length of egg meiosis II spindles, by using mechanisms intrinsic to the spindle. To probe these mechanisms, we perturbed microtubule polymerization dynamics and opposed motor proteins and measured effects on spindle morphology and dynamics. Microtubules were stabilized by hexylene glycol and inhibition of the catastrophe factor mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK) (a kinesin 13, previously called XKCM) and destabilized by depolymerizing drugs. The opposed motors Eg5 and dynein were inhibited separately and together. Our results are consistent with important roles for polymerization dynamics in regulating spindle length, and for opposed motors in regulating the relative stability of bipolar versus monopolar organization. The response to microtubule destabilization suggests that an unidentified tensile element acts in parallel with these conventional factors, generating spindle shortening force.
Mitochondrial Routing of Glucose and Sucrose Polymers after Pinocytotic Uptake: Avenues for Drug Delivery (2014)

Mitochondria are key organelles organizing cellular metabolic flux. Therefore, a targeted drug delivery to mitochondria promises the advancement of medicine in fields that are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. However, successful mitochondrial drug delivery is limited by complex transport steps across organelle membranes and fast drug efflux in cases of multidrug resistance. Strategies to deliver small-molecular-weight drugs to mitochondria are very limited, while the use of complex polymeric carriers is limited by a lack of clinical feasibility. We show here that clinically established macromolecules such as a sucrose copolymer (Ficoll 70/400 kDa) and polyglucose (dextran 70/500 kDa) are micropinocytosed swiftly by mesenchymal stem cells and subsequently routed to mitochondria. The intracellular level of Ficoll appears to decrease over time, suggesting that it does not persist within cells. After coupling to polysucrose, the low-molecular-weight photodynamic drug Rose Bengal reached mitochondria and thus exhibited an increased destructive potential after laser excitation. These findings support new opportunities to deliver already clinically approved drugs to mitochondria.
Impact of Draw Inhomogeneitites on the Loss and Mode Content of Large-Mode-Area Fibers (2011)

Inhomogeneities in the draw process cause variations in fiber diameter, leading to optical scattering. Beam-propagation simulations reveal that loss is acceptable for 1% RMS variations, but that good beam quality requires RMS variations below 0.1%.
An all-optical atomic gradiometer with sub-20 fT/cm/$\sqrt{\rm Hz}$ sensitivity in a 22 $\mu$T earth-scale magnetic field (2020)

In this work we demonstrate a high sensitivity atomic gradiometer capable of operation in earth-field level environments. We apply a light-pulse sequence at four times the Larmor frequency to achieve gradiometer sensitivity <20 fT/cm/$\sqrt{\rm Hz}$ at the finite field strength of 22 $\mu$T. The experimental timing sequence can be tuned to the field magnitude of interest. Our one dimensional all-optical gradiometer performs a differential measurement between two regions of a single vapor cell on a 4 cm baseline. Our results pave the way for extensions to operating in higher dimensions, vector sensitivity, and more advanced gradiometers.
Ultrapotent Inhibitor of Clostridioides difficile Growth, Which Suppresses Recurrence In Vivo (2020)

<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> is the leading cause of healthcare-associated infection in the U.S. and considered an urgent threat by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Only two antibiotics, vancomycin and fidaxomicin, are FDA-approved for the treatment of <i>C. difficile</i> infection (CDI), but these therapies still suffer from high treatment failure and recurrence. Therefore, new chemical entities to treat CDI are needed. Trifluoromethylthio-containing <i>N</i>-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides displayed very potent activities [sub-μg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values] against Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we report remarkable antibacterial activity enhancement via halogen substitutions, which afforded new anti-<i>C. difficile</i> agents with ultrapotent activities [MICs as low as 0.003 μg/mL (0.007 μM)] that surpassed the activity of vancomycin against <i>C. difficile</i> clinical isolates. The most promising compound in the series, <b>HSGN-218</b>, is nontoxic to mammalian colon cells and is gut-restrictive. In addition, <b>HSGN-218</b> protected mice from CDI recurrence. Not only does this work provide a potential clinical lead for the development of <i>C. difficile</i> therapeutics but also highlights dramatic drug potency enhancement via halogen substitution.
Interfacial charge-transfer doping of metal halide perovskites for high performance photovoltaics (2019)

We demonstrate a method for controlled p-doping of the halide perovskite surface using molecular dopants, resulting in reduced non-radiative recombination losses and improved device performance.