gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent Screening of Transgenic Arabidopsis Seeds without Germination (2004)

In this paper, we describe a reliable method for the screening and selection of Arabidopsis transgenic seeds within minutes without germination. Expression of the Aspergillus niger beta-glucosidase gene BGL1 in the plant's endoplasmic reticulum was used as a visual marker, together with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (MUGluc) as a substrate. Subsequent to incubation in a solution of MUGluc at room temperature for 2 to 15 min, transgenic seeds expressing BGL1 demonstrated a distinct fluorescent signal under UV light. Optimal screening conditions at room temperature were achieved between 75 and 450 microm MUGluc, at a pH of 2.5 to 5.0 and 2 to 5 min of incubation. No significant loss of viability was detected in transgenic seeds that were redried and stored for 45 d after incubation in MUGluc solution for 2 to 150 min. Transgenic plants expressing BGL1 displayed normal phenotypes relative to the wild type. Selection frequency was 3.1% +/- 0.34% for the fluorescence selection method, while kanamycin resistant selection resulted in only 0.56% +/- 0.13% using the same seed batch. This novel selection method is nondestructive, practical, and efficient, and eliminates the use of antibiotic genes. In addition, the procedure shortens the selection time from weeks to minutes.
Activity of Indatuximab Ravtansine against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Preclinical Tumor Models (2018)

These data demonstrate potential use of indatuximab ravtansine in combination with docetaxel or paclitaxel for CD138-positive TNBC.
Reverse transcriptase activity innate to DNA polymerase I and DNA topoisomerase I proteins of Streptomyces telomere complex (2004)

Replication of Streptomyces linear chromosomes and plasmids proceeds bidirectionally from a central origin, leaving recessed 5' termini that are extended by a telomere binding complex. This complex contains both a telomere-protecting terminal protein (Tpg) and a telomere-associated protein that interacts with Tpg and the DNA ends of linear Streptomyces replicons. By using histidine-tagged telomere-associated protein (Tap) as a scaffold, we identified DNA polymerase (PolA) and topoisomerase I (TopA) proteins as other components of the Streptomyces telomere complex. Biochemical characterization of these proteins indicated that both PolA and TopA exhibit highly efficient reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in addition to their predicted functions. Although RT activity innate to other DNA-dependent DNA polymerases has been observed previously, its occurrence in a topoisomerase is unprecedented. Deletion mapping and sequence analysis showed that the RT activity of Streptomcyces TopA resides in a peptide region containing motifs that are absent from most bacterial topoisomerases but are highly conserved in a novel subfamily of eubacterial topoisomerases found largely in Actinobacteria. Within one of these motifs, and essential to the RT function of Streptomyces TopA, is an Asp-Asp doublet sequence required also for the RT activities of human immunodeficiency virus and eukaryotic cell telomerases.
Design of robust steerable broadband beamformers incorporating microphone gain and phase error characteristics (2011)

Beamformers are known to be sensitive to errors and mismatches in their array elements. This paper proposes a robust steerable broad band beamformer design using the Farrow structure and for arbitrary array geometry. The design formulation includes stochastic models describing the microphone characteristics as random variables, thus allowing flexibility for microphone errors. This method establishes a direct relationship in controlling the robustness specification in the design from given microphone characteristics. The robust design procedure optimises the mean performance of the beamformer. Design examples show significant reduction in error sensitivity in the robust design formulation.
The discovery of a class of novel HIV-1 maturation inhibitors and their potential in the therapy of HIV (2005)

Although HIV infection is now primarily treated with reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors, HIV therapy must look toward new drugs with novel mechanism(s) of action to both improve efficacy and address the growing problem of drug resistance. Using natural products as a source of biologically active compounds, our drug discovery program has successfully optimised the natural product betulinic acid to the first-in-class maturation inhibitor 3-O-(3',3'-dimethylsuccinyl)-betulinic acid (DSB). DSB's unique viral target has been identified as a late step in Gag processing. Specifically, it inhibits the cleavage of the capsid precursor, CA-SP1, resulting in a block to the processing of mature capsid protein leading to a defect in viral core condensation. DSB represents a unique class of anti-HIV compounds that inhibit virus maturation and provide additional opportunities for anti-HIV therapy. In this review, the discovery of DSB and its mode of action are summarised. Anti-AIDS Agents part 64. For part 63 in the series, see YU D, LEE KH: Recent progress and prospects on plant-derived anti-HIV agents and analogs. In: Medicinal Chemistry of Bioactive Natural Products. XT Liang, WS Fang (Eds), Wiley, New York, USA (2005) (In Press).
Crystal structures of (N-methyl-N-phenylamino)(N-methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl)sulfide and the corresponding disulfane (2015)

The title compounds, (N-methyl-N-phenyl-amino)(N-methyl-N-phenyl-car-bam-oyl)sulfide, C15H16N2OS, (I), and (N-methyl-N-phenyl-amino)-(N-methyl-N-phenyl-carbamo-yl)disulfane, C15H16N2OS2, (II), are stable derivatives of (chloro-carbon-yl)sulfenyl chloride and (chloro-carbon-yl)disulfanyl chloride, respectively. The torsion angle about the S-S bond in (II) is -92.62 (6)°, which is close to the theoretical value of 90°. In the crystal of (II), non-classical inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric cyclic dimers [graph set R 2 (2)(10)], while inter-dimer C-H⋯S inter-actions generate chains extending along the b axis.
High-speed frequency-scanning optical beat source for continuous THz wave generation (2011)

We propose a high-speed frequency-scanning optical beat source using a wavelength swept laser and a tunable laser for continuous THz wave generation. The beat frequency is scanned at 1 kHz over a range with a 2.16 THz width.
Impact of Increased Body Mass Index on Accuracy of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and N-Terminal proBNP for Diagnosis of Decompensated Heart Failure and Prediction of All-Cause Mortality (2010)

In this study population, obese patients had significantly lower BNP and NT-proBNP that reflected lower mortality. BNP and NT-proBNP can be used in all BMI groups for decompensated HF diagnosis, although BMI-specific cutpoints may be necessary to optimize sensitivity.
Materials Development of Optical Fiber (1990)

Traditionally, new materials are developed in response to the requirements of an emerging device technology. In the optical fiber case, development of glass as a transmission medium came as the culmination of a century‐long quest for improved broadband telecommunications, a search that established the superiority of light signals transmitted through glass over electronic signals transmitted by wire.
A Study on FGSM Adversarial Training for Neural Retrieval (2023)

Neural retrieval models have acquired significant effectiveness gains over the last few years compared to term-based methods. Nevertheless, those models may be brittle when faced to typos, distribution shifts or vulnerable to malicious attacks. For instance, several recent papers demonstrated that such variations severely impacted models performances, and then tried to train more resilient models. Usual approaches include synonyms replacements or typos injections -- as data-augmentation -- and the use of more robust tokenizers (characterBERT, BPE-dropout). To further complement the literature, we investigate in this paper adversarial training as another possible solution to this robustness issue. Our comparison includes the two main families of BERT-based neural retrievers, i.e. dense and sparse, with and without distillation techniques. We then demonstrate that one of the most simple adversarial training techniques -- the Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) -- can improve first stage rankers robustness and effectiveness. In particular, FGSM increases models performances on both in-domain and out-of-domain distributions, and also on queries with typos, for multiple neural retrievers.
A sparse reconfigurable adaptive filter based on a photonic switch (2005)

A nonblocking photonic switch can be used to implement a tapped delay line with a large number of coefficients and a wide range of time delays. In this paper, we present a sparse reconfigurable adaptive filter (SRAF) based on a photonic switch with an input/output connection architecture that can be represented by a matrix of adaptive weights. This unique parallel structure can be reconfigured in an adaptive manner to implement a sparse filter impulse response for a variety of applications. The appropriate choice of time delays is determined from a cross-correlation function between the filter input and a desired response signal that depends on the particular application. A computer simulation example illustrates the performance of the algorithm for modeling a bandpass filter characteristic.
Energy-efficient downlink transmission with base station closing in small cell networks (2013)

Shutdown of low traffic load base stations (BSs) is recognized as a promising approach to increase energy-efficiency (EE) and reduce total power consumption, especially for small cell networks (SCN). In this paper, we study BS closing strategies for downlink multi-antenna multi-carrier SCN supporting best effort traffics. We formulate the optimization problem of long-term BS closing, BS-user association and subcarrier allocation to maximize EE or minimize total power consumption under the constraints of average sum rate and rate proportion. We obtain an optimal solution for maximizing EE and a suboptimal solution for minimizing total power consumption. Simulation results show that the solutions provide substantial gain both in saving power consumption and increasing EE, and minimizing the total power consumption will not lead to the maximal EE.
Si incorporation from the seed into Ge stripes crystallized using rapid melt growth (2014)

Ge stripes grown by rapid melt growth (RMG) have produced defect free single crystals with excellent device characteristics. However, in some cases significant Si concentrations have been observed in the stripes, far from the seed region. In this paper, we anneal Ge RMG stripes at temperatures ranging from 950 °C to 1150 °C for different time periods and show that the measured composition profiles match a model in which complete mixing in the melt is assumed. The model also assumes that the average Si concentration in the RMG stripe equals the equilibrium liquidus concentration at the annealing temperature. This paper outlines a method to predict the profile of Si absorbed from the seed region during RMG. The conclusions from this paper have important implications for minimizing Si contamination in RMG grown stripes.
Flows over Time: Towards a more Realistic and Computationally Tractable Model (2004)

We introduce a novel model for "Flows over Time" which captures the behavior of cars traveling through a road network better than previous models. We show that computing an optimal solution in the new model is NP-hard and present an LP-based algorithm which we evaluate with several experiments on real world data of road networks and generated requests. Among other things we compare the quality of the solutions with solutions generated by an FPTAS for a related but considerably less realistic model.
A New IR-Drop Model That Improves Effectively the Brightness Uniformity of an AMOLED Panel (2022)

A new model characterizing the IR drop in an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display is built successfully by this study, which can be used to effectively improve brightness uniformity by adjusting gray levels addressed accordingly to pixels in the panel. The IR-drop refers to the voltage drops along the thin power lines from the external driver at panel edge to internal pixels. The built IR-drop model is in a form of vector and matrix with parameters and variables such as equivalent resistances of horizontal/vertical power lines and the current through the drive thin film transistors (TFTs) and OLEDs in pixels. With precisely calibrated parameters, the model can be solved for the voltage drops at given sub-pixels in the AMOLED panel. Based on the solved dropped voltages at each pixel, the gray level assigned to the pixel <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{data}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be adjusted accordingly to restore the desired pixel luminance. The proposed compensation was implemented in a 14-inch AMOLED panel with FHD resolution for performance validation. The experimental results show less than 2.5% of prediction error on voltage drops, leading to effective compensations that improves the measured pixel currents from 66.1% to 89.7%, 70.3% to 92.9%, and 48.8% to 85.1% of the desired, non-dropped currents, respectively, for red, green, and blue illuminance at the L255 gray level. Also from experiments are substantial improvements of 21.7%, 21.5%, and 35.3% on the brightness uniformity of the panel displayed for red-, green-, blue-images at L255 gray, respectively.
Hyperspectral image enhancement based on sensor simulation and vector decomposition (2011)

Hyperspectral Image Enhancement using multispectral data has received considerable attention in recent times in order to achieve higher classification accuracy and more detailed composition analysis. The objective is to obtain an image that has spectral resolution same as that of the hyperspectral image and spatial resolution same as that of multispectral image. While some of the fusion algorithms look at this as a band remapping problem, it is important to maintain the spectral band dependencies in such cases. In this paper, an attempt at using SRFs of different channels is presented to achieve hyperspectral and multispectral image fusion based on vector decomposition. Each multispectral channel fuses detail into only those hyperspectral channels which come into the sensitivity range of that multispectral channel. The results clearly show that the algorithm presented here successfully transfers the spatial details into hyperspectral data while maintaining spectral characteristics of that data.
On the possibility of simultaneous emission of an autonomous cw HF—DF chemical laser in two spectral ranges (2008)

The efficiencies of different fuel compositions used in the combustion chamber of an autonomous cw chemical HF—DF laser for obtaining high specific energy parameters during simultaneous lasing in HF and DF molecules in two spectral ranges are theoretically analysed. It is shown that mirrors with the reflectance above 99% in these spectral ranges can be manufactured in principle.
Foreword - entering the nanoelectronic integrated-circiut era (2005)

Welcome to the ISSCC 2005, the foremost forum for the presentation of advances in solid-sate semiconductor circuits and systems. Paper submissions for this, the 52nd Conference, were at an all-time high of 579, a 25% increase from the 425 papers submitted last year. This year, the ISSCC program is the largest ever, with 233 technical papers presented in 31 regular sessions, with a three-paper Plenary Session to open the Conference. There are also eight Tutorials to chose from, five Special- Topic Evening Sessions, four Panel-Discussion Evening Sessions, five all-day Advanced-Circuit-Design Forums, and one allday Short Course, making this the most extensive program ever. As well, five DAC/ISSCC Student-Design-Contest winners will preside at poster presentations. The geographical distribution of the submitted technical papers illustrates the truly international character of the Conference: This year, 43% of the accepted papers are from North America, 23% from Europe, and 34% from the Far East. Of all of these, 59% are from industry, and 41% from universities. The Conference theme for 2005 is "Entering the Nanoelectronic Integrated-Circuit Era." With the emergence of integrated-circuits having transistor dimensions less than 100nm, integrated-circuit technology is moving from the microelectronic era into the nanoelectronic era. The indication that we have arrived at this major transition is given by the fact that this year's Conference has 55 papers covering new circuit techniques and devices that employ transistors with dimensions of 90nm or less. Digital chips with more than one billion transistors are now being realized, and novel circuit concepts using sub-100nm transistors are enabling both higher-performance and lower-power digital computation. In the analog-circuit arena, such transistor technology will lead to higher- speed analog-to-digital converters and enable new faster data-transmission rates for both wired and wireless communications. However, circuit design using transistors scaled below 100nm will require innovations that enable operation under decreasing nominal power-supply voltages, below 1.0V, and that meet the challenge of increasing device-parameter variations.
Robot-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy: perianaesthetic concerns (2010)

Refinement of the surgical technique is required to avoid compression by robotic arms on any portion of the patient, particularly the upper extremities. The use of beanbag for positioning of the ipsilateral arm needs to be evaluated further. The double lumen tube is to be positioned in such a way as to avoid any obstacle in the movement of robotic arm. We suggest pulse oximeter and arterial blood pressure monitoring in the abducted arm ipsilateral to the surgical approach. The airway pressure and capnography are to be monitored continuously for detection of capnothorax. Patient of robot-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy should be observed for any nerve injury.
Aortic pulse wave velocity in children with Cushing syndrome: A window into a marker of early cardiovascular disease (2019)

Pulse wave velocity data indicate that paediatric patients with CS have early evidence of cardiovascular remodelling. The results suggest the opportunity for monitoring as these changes begin in childhood.
Surgical Endoscopy (2003)

Effective airway management during laparoscopic anesthesia is important to minimize the adverse consequences of the carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum (PP). During PP, reduced respiratory excursion and tidal volumes with increased CO2 absorption may lead to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and respiratory acidosis. Although these problems can usually be avoided by use of positive pressure ventilation and an endotracheal tube, patients with a restricted airway who cannot be intubated pose a unique challenge. High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) has been described as an alternative to endotracheal intubation in other settings. The use of the small-diameter jet tube allows relatively unobstructed access to the larynx during laryngeal surgery. In patients with glottic impairment related to vocal fold immobility, jet ventilation allows positive pressure ventilation without the use of an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy in cases where lung and diaphragmatic compliance permit adequate excursion for ventilation and glottal diameter permits an adequate outflow of air. In this report, we describe the successful use of HFJV combined with an abdominal lifting technique and low-pressure PP for laparoscopic surgery in a patient with glottic compromise related to vocal fold immobility. Using these techniques, a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed successfully without endotracheal intubation or the need for a tracheostomy.
Effector T cells require fatty acid metabolism during murine graft-versus-host disease (2013)

Activated T cells require increased energy to proliferate and mediate effector functions, but the metabolic changes that occur in T cells following stimulation in vivo are poorly understood, particularly in the context of inflammation. We have previously shown that T cells activated during graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) primarily rely on oxidative phosphorylation to synthesize adenosine 5'-triphosphate. Here, we demonstrate that alloreactive effector T cells (Teff) use fatty acids (FAs) as a fuel source to support their in vivo activation. Alloreactive T cells increased FA transport, elevated levels of FA oxidation enzymes, up-regulated transcriptional coactivators to drive oxidative metabolism, and increased their rates of FA oxidation. Importantly, increases in FA transport and up-regulation of FA oxidation machinery occurred specifically in T cells during GVHD and were not seen in Teff following acute activation. Pharmacological blockade of FA oxidation decreased the survival of alloreactive T cells but did not influence the survival of T cells during normal immune reconstitution. These studies suggest that pathways controlling FA metabolism might serve as therapeutic targets to treat GVHD and other T-cell-mediated immune diseases.
Potential Suppressive Effects of Two C60 Fullerene Derivatives on Acquired Immunity (2016)

The therapeutic effects of fullerene derivatives on many models of inflammatory disease have been demonstrated. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of these nanoparticles remain to be elucidated, though their beneficial roles in allergy and autoimmune diseases suggest their suppressive potential in acquired immunity. Here, we evaluated the effects of C<sub>60</sub> pyrrolidine tris-acid (C<sub>60</sub>-P) and polyhydroxylated fullerene (C<sub>60</sub>(OH)<sub>36</sub>) on the acquired immune response in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, both C<sub>60</sub> derivatives had dose-dependent suppressive effects on T cell receptor-mediated activation of T cells and antibody production by B cells under anti-CD40/IL-4 stimulation, similar to the actions of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. In addition, C<sub>60</sub>-P suppressed ovalbumin-specific antibody production and ovalbumin-specific T cell responses in vivo, although T cell-independent antibodies responses were not affected by C<sub>60</sub>-P. Together, our data suggest that fullerene derivatives can suppress acquired immune responses that require T cells.
The role of hepcidin in anemia of inflammation and anemia of cancer (2008)

Hepcidin is presumed to be the principal mediator of anemia of inflammation (AI) and anemia of cancer (AC). Hepcidin is elevated in these conditions and an inducible hepcidin overexpressing mouse develops a clinical syndrome nearly identical to AI (Roy et al, Blood, 2007). However, no study has determined whether hepcidin is necessary for the development of AI and AC. Using mouse models of AC and AI in hepcidin knockout mice (KO) and wild type controls (WT), we sought to determine whether hepcidin was necessary for the development of anemia in these conditions. In AI, hemoglobin fell to a much lesser extent in KO mice. In AC, hemoglobin fell to a similar degree in WT and KO mice. However, in AC the tumor produced some hepcidin. KO mice have polycythemia at baseline so they are much less anemic than WT mice even in the presence of inflammation and cancer. Hepcidin plays an important role in AI and AC. Future studies will determine whether antagonism of hepcidin after the onset of disease will treat these conditions.