gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Reactor Plasma Physics of Tandem Mirror Startup and Fractional Power Operation (1984)

Plasma behavior and the performance of plasma technologies are studied during the startup and fractional power operation of tandem mirrors. Five phases of machine operation are identified, some of which require plasma. The plasma phases include plasma initiation and heating, a standby phase with plasma at the density and temperature characteristics of full design performance in reactors, a deuterium-tritium fractional power operating phase in which the fusion plasma undergoes staged power increases to full power, and rated power operating phase. Plasma initiation and heating uses electron cyclotron resonance heating preionization of background gas in the plug and ion cyclotron resonance heating in the central cell. Operation of the radio-frequency systems, the neutral beams, and the direct converter are studied to determine constraints affecting plasma operation. Studies of fractional power operation, carried out using a quasi-steady-state analysis, show that the plasma Q value can be made remarkably insensitive to the level of fusion power by controlling the plasma radius. Copper insert coils used to increase the maximum choke field require considerable power and cause the recirculating power fraction to increase sharply as the fusion power is reduced. Moreover, when an efficient drift pumping scheme is used, achieved improvements in plasma Q by using high-field choke coils must be weighed against their power consumption and other technological difficulties.
Routing single photons from a trapped ion with photonic integrated circuits (2022)

Trapped ions excel as quantum networking nodes. Here, we use integrated photonic circuits to route and directionally switch single photons emitted by an ion. This is a key step towards scalable trapped ion quantum networks.
Extended defects in plastically deformed superconducting ceramics (1990)

Extended defects introduced by high temperature deformation into high T c superconducting ceramics have been characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy. Single crystals of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x (YBCO) were grown from melting mixtures of yttria, barium carbonate and copper oxide contained in alumina boats. Crystals having tetragonal symmetry grew as platelets with dimensions up to 10×10×0.1 mm 3 and the (001) broad surface. Crystals were deformed by Brinell indentation with an indenter of Y-doped zirconia between 550 and 900 °C in air. Most indents were done with a load of 70 grf and a loading period of up to 24 h. Thin specimens were prepared by back-thinning technique using an Ar ion beam at 4 kV. Polycrystals of Bio. 8 Pbo. 2 SrCa 1 . 1 Cu 1 . 6 O x (BSCCO) were prepared by sintering process. Rectangular specimens 3×3×8 mm were sectioned from the sintered materials. They were deformed in commpression at 800 °C using strain rate of 1.3×10 −5 s −1 . Specimens could be deformed to as large as 90 % in a nominal compressive strain.
On the identification of sonar features (2002)

We are interested in inferring the sources of various types of sonar features typically observed by a mobile robot. After a brief discussion of terrestrial sonar sensing, we develop a set of operators that associates arc-shaped features extracted from sonar scans with real world primitives. Our classification scheme is probabilistic and is based on empirical data: the confidence of the association hypotheses produced by the operators is evaluated statistically. Some of our experimental results suggest that methods based on models of perfect sonar sensors may not be completely consistent with observed data. The management and merging of a collection of hypotheses concerning various sonar features allows the system to produce a coherent and mutually-compatible set of inferences for the entire observed environment.
New Resveratrol Dimer Glucosides and Trimers in Stem and Root of Welwitschia mirabilis (2004)

Two new resveratrol dimer glucosides, mirabilosides A (1) and B (2), and two new resveratrol trimers, mirabilols A (3) and B (4) were isolated from stem and root of Welwitschia mirabilis (Welwitschiaceae) together with four
Significant Enhancement of Blue OLED Performances through Molecular Engineering of Pyrimidine‐Based Emitter (2016)

Although pyrimidine‐based emitters are one of the most promising classes of compounds, a structure–property relationship for an effective molecular design strategy has not yet been elucidated. In this study, the authors develop three types of blue pyrimidine emitters for high‐performance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). 2,4,6‐triphenylpyrimidine is used as an acceptor, and tri‐ or penta‐substituted acridine as a donor unit for the blue TADF emitters. The authors investigate the effects of the nitrogen position on the photophysical properties and OLED performances, and develop a blue device with a high external quantum efficiency close to 25%. The device performances are among the best so far for blue TADF OLEDs.
Enhancing EEG Surface Resolution by Using a Combination of Kalman Filter and Interpolation Method (2016)

With recent progress in the medical signals processing, the EEG allows to study the Brain functioning with a high temporal and spatial resolution. This approach is possible by combining the standard processing algorithms of cortical brain waves with characterization and interpolation methods. First, a new vector of characteristics for each EEG channel was introduced using the Extended Kalman filter (EKF). Next, the spherical spline interpolation technique was applied in order to rebuild other vectors corresponding to virtual electrodes. The temporal variation of these vectors was restored by applying the EKF. Finally, the accuracy of the method has been estimated by calculating the error between the actual and interpolated signal after passing by the characterization method with the Root Mean Square Error algorithm (RMSE).
New C1-Symmetric Ph2C-Bridged Multisubstituted ansa-Zirconocenes for Highly Isospecific Propylene Polymerization: Synthetic Approach via Activated Fulvenes (2010)

The synthesis of multisubstituted diphenylmethylene-bridged fluorenyl−cyclopentadienyl proligands Ph2C(3,6-tBu2FluH)(3-R1-5-R2C5H3) (Flu = fluorenyl; R1 = tert-butyl, R2 = H (2a); R1 = tert-butyl, R2 = Me (2b); R1 = cumyl, R2 = Me (2c)) was developed using a nucleophilic addition protocol based on regular and activated fulvenes. Two highly congested proligands (2b,c) were prepared in a two-step procedure, starting first by addition of [3,6-tBu2Flu]+Li− onto 6,6′-bis(p-chlorophenyl)fulvenes, followed by a Pd-catalyzed reductive dechlorination. The X-ray crystal structures of 2a and 2b·CH2Cl2 were determined. These revealed a preorganized sandwichlike positioning of the fluorenyl and cyclopentadienyl plane fragments, similar to that observed in the metallocenes. The corresponding dichlorozirconium complexes {Ph2C(3,6-tBu2Flu)(3-R1-5-R2-C5H2)}ZrCl2 (R1 = tert-butyl, R2 = H (3a); R1 = tert-butyl, R2 = Me (3b); R1 = cumyl, R2 = Me (3c)) were prepared by salt metathesis and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography (for 3a,c). These C1-symmetric zirconocenes exist as racemic mixtures of two enantiomers, arising from planar chirality at the Cp ring. When activated with MAO, 3a,b showed high activity in the polymerization of propylene (5020 and 3580 kg of iPP mol−1 h−1, respectively; toluene solution, 60 °C), affording highly isotactic ([m]4 94.0%) polymers with molecular weights in the range Mw = 30 000−175 000, which are similar to those obtained with the corresponding CMe2-bridged catalysts. No activity was observed with the 3c/MAO system, which was proposed to be due to a deactivation involving a cumyl phenyl ring. This was supported by DFT computations on the cationic species [{Ph2C(3,6-tBu2Flu)(3-cumyl-5-Me-C5H2)}ZrMe]+, which revealed facile coordination of the phenyl ring to the metal center, followed by C−H(phenyl) activation at the ortho position with concomitant elimination of methane; propylene insertion into the resulting ortho-metalated species was found to be thermodynamically unfavorable.
Guest Editorial Wireless Transmission of Information and Power—Part II (2019)

This second of the two issues on wireless transmission of information and power starts with some works on Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT), then switches to Wirelessly Powered Communication Networks (WPCNs), and finishes with a few works on Wirelessly Powered Backscatter Communication (WPBC).
Fragile X syndrome: (What's) lost in translation? (2004)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Isoxazolines by Peracids. A Useful Route to β‐Hydroxy Ketones and Acylated Diols. (1989)

Abstract Oxidation of oxazolines by peracids results in ring cleavage, yielding β‐hydroxy ketones and acylated diols.
Prenylated Flavanone Production in Callus Cultures of Sophoraßavescens var. angustifolia (1991)

Callus cultures of Sophora favescens var. angustifolia established on Murashige-Skoog medium containing 1 μм 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1 μм kinetin produced the prenylated flavanones (2S)-5,7,2′,4′-tetrahydroxy-8-lavandulylflavanone (sophoraflavanone G) and (25)-7,2′,4′-trihydroxy-8-lavandulylflavanone (lehmannin). In addition, maackiain and its 3-O-β-glucoside (trifolirhizin) were also produced in the callus. Up on transfer to White’s medium or M9 medium, the content of prenylated flavanones, in particular lehmannin, was increased, whereas that of pterocarpans was decreased. Time-course experiments indicated that the production of pterocarpans was closely related with cell growth. On the other hand, an inverse relationship existed between cell growth and the production of prenylated flavanones.
Correction to “Crystallographic Characterization of N-Oxide Tripod Amphiphiles” (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to "Crystallographic Characterization of N-Oxide Tripod Amphiphiles"Pil Seok Chae, Ilia A. Guzei, and Samuel H. Gellman*Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 33, 12477Publication Date (Web):August 9, 2013Publication History Published online9 August 2013Published inissue 21 August 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja407246vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja407246vcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views696Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (141 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detailed magnetoelectric analysis of a nerve impulse propagation along the brachial plexus (2022)

To visualize impulse conduction along the brachial plexus through simultaneous electromagnetic measurements. Neuromagnetic fields following median nerve stimulation were recorded above the clavicle with a superconducting quantum interference device biomagnetometer system in 7 healthy volunteers. Compound nerve action potentials (CNAPs) were obtained from 12 locations. Pseudocolor maps of equivalent currents reconstructed from magnetic fields and isopotential contour maps were superimposed onto X-ray images. Surface potentials and current waveforms at virtual electrodes along the brachial plexus were compared. In magnetic field analysis, the leading axonal current followed by a trailing backward current traveled rostrally along the brachial plexus. The spatial extent of the longitudinal intra-axonal currents corresponded to the extent of the positive–negative-positive potential field reflecting transmembrane volume currents. The peaks and troughs of the intra-axonal biphasic current waveforms coincided with the zero-crossings of triphasic CNAP waveforms. The amplitudes of CNAPs and current moments were linearly correlated. Reconstructed neural activity in magnetic field analysis visualizes not only intra-axonal currents, but also transmembrane volume currents, which are in good agreement with the surface potential field. Magnetoneurography is a novel non-invasive functional imaging modality for the brachial plexus whose performance can surpass that of electric potential measurement.
Evaluation of efficacy and toxicity of carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM)6 targeted immunotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2005)

4195 Carcinoembryonic Antigen Related Cell Adhesion Molecule (CEACAM)6, a glycosylphosphoinositol (gpI)-linked, cell surface member of the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) family of molecules, has been suggested as a potential target for immunotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, expression of CEACAM6 on an array of normal tissues, including myeloid cells, suggests the potential for antigen dependent toxicity, which can not be delineated in murine models because CEACAM6 has no murine ortholog. The aims of this study were to further characterize the expression of CEACAM6 in human tissues and on leukocytes of the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM), and to determine the efficacy and antigen dependent toxicity of an anti-CEACAM6 directed immunoconjugate in relevant in vivo models. Using a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) against CEACAM6 (Genentech, Inc.) we have expanded the characterization of CEACAM6 expression in human normal and malignant tissues, and PB and BM leukocytes, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis (FACS), respectively. Furthermore, we employed the antibody in unconjugated and maytansinoid (DM1)-conjugated forms to assess efficacy in a murine xenograft model and antigen dependent toxicity in non-human primates. CEACAM6 was expressed in 97% (65 of 67 cases) of ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma by paraffin section IHC. In the PB and BM, CEACAM6 expression was limited to differentiated myeloid cells (CD33+, CD15+, CD13+, CD14+, CD116+). Myeloid lineage progenitor cells (CD34+/CD38+/CD33+) did not express CEACAM6, indicating that the immunoconjugate should not bind this population of regenerating cells. In a murine xenograft model of pancreatic cancer, the DM-1 immunoconjugate, but not the unconjugated anti-CEACAM6 MAb, caused tumor regression in a dose dependent manner. When administered to Cynomolgus macaques (single dose), the DM-1 immunoconjugate, but not the unconjugated antibody, conferred a decrease in absolute neutrophil count 7 days after dosing; staining of bone marrow smears from these animals with myeloperoxidase, a marker for myeloid cells indiscriminant of differentiation, showed that myeloid cells were present. In conclusion, CEACAM6 is expressed in a large proportion of ductal pancreatic adenocarcinomas as well as myeloid cells in PB and BM. CEACAM6 directed immunoconjugate therapy is efficacious in a murine xenograft model but more work is needed to fully characterize the antigen dependent toxicity, before such strategies can move forward.
Oxidation of Methane to Methanol with Hydrogen Peroxide Using Supported Gold–Palladium Alloy Nanoparticles (2012)

Direkt und selektiv: Trägerfixierte Gold-Palladium-Nanopartikel sind aktiv in der Oxidation von Methan und zeigen mit Wasserstoffperoxid als Oxidationsmittel eine hohe Selektivität bei der Bildung von Methylhydroperoxid und Methanol (siehe Bild). Die optimale Selektivität für die Methanolbildung wird erreicht, wenn die Reaktion in Gegenwart von Wasserstoffperoxid, das in situ aus Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff entsteht, ausgeführt wird.
Computer-Assisted Knee Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction:First Clinical Tests (1995)

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a delicate task. The procedure of choice is the patellar tendon bone autograft, but an anisometric position of this tendon often leads to failure. We propose a method that allows positioning of the central part of the ligament graft at the least anisometric sites. The system uses a workstation and a three-dimensional optical localizer to create images that represent knee kinematics. The surgeon uses these images to guide the surgery. This technique has been validated on eight cadavers and 12 patients.
Method of microbially producing metal gallate spinel nano-objects, and compositions produced thereby (2023)

A method of forming a metal gallate spinel structure that includes mixing a divalent metal-containing salt and a gallium-containing salt in solution with fermentative or thermophilic bacteria. In the process, the bacteria nucleate metal gallate spinel nano-objects from the divalent metal-containing salt and the gallium-containing salt without requiring reduction of a metal in the solution. The metal gallate spinel structures, as well as light-emitting structures in which they are incorporated, are also described.
Collisionally Activated Dissociation (CAD) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Augmentation of IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cell responses correlates with survival of HCC patients on sorafenib therapy (2019)

BACKGROUNDSorafenib has been shown to reduce the extent of immunosuppression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The rationale of this investigation was to identify biomarkers that can predict treatment efficacy of sorafenib in HCC patients and to unravel the mechanism by which sorafenib impedes immune suppression mediated by distinct immunosuppressive cell subsets.METHODSWith informed consent, blood samples were collected from 30 patients with advanced HCC, at baseline and 2 time points after initiation of sorafenib treatment. The frequency of PD-1+ T cells, ERK2 phosphorylation on flt-3+ Tregs and MDSCs, and T effector cell function were quantified by using flow cytometry.RESULTSElevated levels of CD8+Ki67+ T cells producing IFN-γ were associated with improved progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). High frequencies of these T cells were correlated with significantly reduced risk of death over time. Patients with an increased pretreatment T effector/Treg ratio showed significant improvement in OS. ERK+flt-3+ Tregs and MDSCs were significantly decreased after sorafenib therapy. Increased numbers of baseline flt-3+p-ERK+ MDSCs were associated with survival benefit of patients.CONCLUSIONA high baseline CD4+ T effector/Treg ratio is a potential biomarker of prognostic significance in HCC. CD8+Ki67+ T cells producing IFN-γ are a key biomarker of response to sorafenib therapy resulting in survival benefit. The immune modulation resulted from sorafenib-mediated blockade of signaling through the VEGF/VEGFR/flt-3 pathway, affecting ERK phosphorylation. These insights may help identify patients who likely would benefit from VEGFR antagonism and inform efforts to improve the efficacy of sorafenib in combination with immunotherapy.TRIAL REGISTRATIONNCT02072486.FUNDINGNational Comprehensive Cancer Network Oncology Research Program from general research support provided by Bayer US LLC (NCCNSORA0002), National Cancer Institute grant P30CA016056, and pilot funds from Roswell Park Alliance Foundation.
Supplementary Video 1b from Targeted Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Therapy Leads to Short-term and Long-term Impairment of Vascular Function and Increase in Tumor Hypoxia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Representative cine-loop obtained using ultrasound biomicroscopic (UBM) imaging corresponding to MDA-MB-231 tumor xenograft treated with PBS (control) for a 3-week period.&lt;/p&gt;
Flexible conducting polymer transistors with supercapacitor function (2016)

Planar organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) using PEDOT:PSS as the channel material and nanostructured carbon (nsC) as the gate electrode material and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (PSSNa) gel as the electrolyte were fabricated on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (Mylar®) substrates. The nsC was deposited at room-temperature by supersonic cluster beam deposition (SCBD). Interestingly, the OECT acts as a hybrid supercapacitor (to give a device that we indicate as transcap). The energy storage ability of transcaps has been studied with two cell configurations: one featuring PEDOT:PSS as the positive electrode and nsC as the negative electrode and another configuration with reversed electrode polarity. Potentiostatic charge/discharge studies show that both supercapacitors show good performance in terms of voltage retention, in particular, when PEDOT:PSS is used as the positive electrode. Galvanostatic charge–discharge characteristics show typical symmetric triangular shape, indicating a nearly ideal capacitive behavior with a high columbic efficiency (close to 100%). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 96–103
Recent Advances in the Synthetic Uses of Chlorocarbonyl Isocyanate (1990)

RbStiactchlorocarbonyl isocyanate is a versatile reagent and finds extensive applications in the organic synthesis, in particular for the syntheses of heteCmycliC compounds.This review updates its recent uses ~n the synthetic organic chemistry and describes its potentiality in the preparation of biologically important heterocycles.contents: 4-Aryl-2clHI-quinazo1iiiiii 4-Imin0-2-quinazoli4-1min0-2-quinazolin0nesones Mesoionic heterocycles Oxadiaziniumolates 1,2,4-Triaz0loI1,2-~lpyrad0l-4-ium-3-olate FuSed heterocycles Ring-fused 1.3.5-triazine-2.
Universality and Pattern Selection in Two-Dimensional Cellular Structures (1991)

The time evolution of a wide variety of physical systems exhibiting two-dimensional cellular structures has recently been studied and found to lead to a universal distribution xl of the number of sides, l, of the cells. A simple model for the evolution of these structures is presented and analysed. The model exhibits a one-parameter family of fixed-point distributions xl*(σ). Within this model, universality is maintained by a mechanism in which a particular marginally stable fixed point is selected. The predictions of the model compare well with experimental observations in soap froths.