gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
11× temporal compression in an ultra-silicon-rich nitride chip (2021)

Strong temporal compression in an integrated ultra-silicon-rich nitride temporal compressor consisting of separate nonlinear and anomalously dispersive stages is demonstrated. 11× compression of 5.8ps pulses at a low input peak power of 13.3W and 9.4× increase in the pulse peak power is achieved.
High Resolution Optical Spectroscopy of Air‐Induced Electrical Instabilities in n‐type Polymer Semiconductors (2012)

We use high-resolution charge-accumulation optical spectroscopy to measure charge accumulation in the channel of an n-type organic field-effect transistor. We monitor the degradation of device performance in air, correlate the onset voltage shift with the reduction of charge accumulated in the polymer semiconductor, and explain the results in view of the redox reaction between the polymer, water and oxygen in the accumulation layer.
A home-based neurorehabilitation system for children with upper extreimity impairments (2013)

The objective of this paper is to introduce a novel low-cost human-computer interface (HCI) system for home-based massed practice for children with upper limb impairment due to brain injury. The proposed system targets motions around the wrist. Successful massed practice, a type of neurorehabilitation, may be of value for children with brain injury because it facilitates impaired limb use. Use of automated, home-based systems could provide a practical means for massed practice. However, the optimal strategy to deliver and monitor home-based massed practice is still unclear. We integrated a motion sensor, video games, and HCI software technologies to create a useful home-based massed practice at targeted joints. The system records joint angle and number of movements using a low-cost custom hand-held sensor. The sensor acts as an input device to play video games. We demonstrated the system’s functionality and provided preliminary observations on usage by children with brain injury and typically developing children, including joint motions and muscle activation.
Lipid-Based Nanoparticles as a Pivotal Delivery Approach in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Therapy (2022)

Triple-negative breast cancer is considered the most aggressive type of breast cancer among women and the lack of expressed receptors has made treatment options substantially limited. Recently, various types of nanoparticles have emerged as a therapeutic option against TNBC, to elevate the therapeutic efficacy of the existing chemotherapeutics. Among the various nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) viz. liposomes, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid nanocarriers, and lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles are developed for cancer treatment which is well confirmed and documented. LNPs include various therapeutic advantages as compared to conventional therapy and other nanoparticles, including increased loading capacity, enhanced temporal and thermal stability, decreased therapeutic dose and associated toxicity, and limited drug resistance. In addition to these, LNPs overcome physiological barriers which provide increased accumulation of therapeutics at the target site. Extensive efforts by the scientific community could make some of the liposomal formulations the clinical reality; however, the relatively high cost, problems in scaling up the formulations, and delivery in a more targetable fashion are some of the major issues that need to be addressed. In the present review, we have compiled the state of the art about different types of LNPs with the latest advances reported for the treatment of TNBC in recent years, along with their clinical status and toxicity in detail.
Growth temperature dependence of magnetoresistance in Co/Cu(111) wedged superlattices (1993)

The relationship of the growth and structure of highly oriented (111) Co/Cu superlattices to their magnetotransport properties is discussed. To eliminate changes in growth parameters between different samples, wedged superlattice structures were prepared in which uniform Co layers are separated by Cu layers whose thickness is varied by more than a factor of 2 across the substrate. Smooth variations in magnetoresistance (MR) as a function of Cu-layer thickness were obtained. No evidence for oscillations in MR was found with the exception of a peak in MR for thin Cu layers centered at about 10 \AA{}. The magnitude of the MR at this peak was found to increase substantially for growth at 150 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C relative to growth at 0 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The increased MR is correlated with smoother Co/Cu interfaces as determined from in situ x-ray-photoelectron-diffraction studies and ex situ x-ray-diffraction experiments. At 150 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C it is found that Cu has a tendency to surface segregate at all stages during growth. Studies of the growth of Cu on Co show the presence of Co near (but excluded from) the surface even after the growth of relatively thick Cu layers. At both 0 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and 150 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, the superlattices showed a relatively high degree of surface roughness, when compared with the Cu and Co layer thicknesses. Either of these results suggest a mechanism for ferromagnetic bridging of the Co layers, previously conjectured to play an important role in (111) Co/Cu superlattices.
Surface emitting lasers for optical clock distribution by selective area epitaxy (2003)

Summary form only given. We have demonstrated the feasibility of integrating a diode laser to an optical distribution network, which could be used for distributing an optical clock signal to a CMOS circuit.
Production and Function of the Cytoplasmic Deproteinized Relaxed Circular DNA of Hepadnaviruses (2009)

Removal of genome-bound viral DNA polymerase ought to be an essential step in the formation of hepadnavirus covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). We previously demonstrated that deproteinized (DP) relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) existed in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of infected cells and the vast majority of cytoplasmic DP rcDNA was associated with DNase I-permeable nucleocapsids. In our efforts to investigate the role of the cytoplasmic DP rcDNA in cccDNA formation, we demonstrated that rcDNA deproteinization could occur in an endogenous DNA polymerase reaction with either virion-derived or intracellular nucleocapsids. As observed in the cytoplasm of virally infected cells, in vitro deproteinization requires the maturation of plus-strand DNA and results in changes in nucleocapsid structure that render the DP rcDNA susceptible to DNase I digestion. Remarkably, we found that the cytoplasmic DP rcDNA-containing nucleocapsids could be selectively immunoprecipitated with an antibody against the carboxyl-terminal peptide of HBV core protein and are associated with cellular nuclear transport receptors karyopherin-alpha and -beta. Moreover, transfection of small interfering RNA targeting karyopherin-beta1 mRNA or expression of a dominant-negative karyopherin-beta1 in a stable cell line supporting HBV replication resulted in the accumulation of DP rcDNA in cytoplasm and reduction of nuclear DP rcDNA and cccDNA. Our results thus favor a hypothesis that completion of plus-strand DNA synthesis triggers the genomic DNA deproteinization and structural changes of nucleocapsids, which leads to the exposure of nuclear localization signals in the C terminus of core protein and mediates the nuclear transportation of DP rcDNA via interaction with karyopherin-alpha and -beta.
The architecture of co-morbidity networks of physical and mental health conditions in military veterans (2020)

Abstract Co-morbidity between medical and psychiatric conditions is commonly considered between individual pairs of conditions. However, an important alternative is to consider all conditions as part of a co-morbidity network, which encompasses all interactions between patients and a healthcare system. Analysis of co-morbidity networks could detect and quantify general tendencies not observed by smaller-scale studies. Here, we investigate the co-morbidity network derived from longitudinal healthcare records from approximately 1-million U.S. military veterans, a population disproportionately impacted by psychiatric morbidity and psychological trauma. Network analyses revealed marked and heterogenous patterns of co-morbidity, including a multi-scale community structure composed of groups of commonly co-morbid conditions. Psychiatric conditions including posttraumatic stress disorder were strong predictors of future medical morbidity. Neurological conditions and conditions associated with chronic pain were particularly highly co-morbid with psychiatric conditions. Across conditions, the degree of co-morbidity was positively associated with mortality. Co-morbidity was modified by biological sex and could be used to predict future diagnostic status, with out-of-sample prediction accuracy of 90-92%. Understanding complex patterns of disease co-morbidity has the potential to lead to improved designs of systems of care and the development of targeted interventions that consider the broader context of mental and physical health.
Laser Capture Proteomics: spatial tissue molecular profiling from the bench to personalized medicine (2021)

LCM is complemented by a rich set of instruments, methodology protocols, and analytical A.I. (artificial intelligence) software for basic and translational research. Resolution is advancing to the tissue single cell level. A vision for the future evolution of LCM is presented. Emerging LCM technology is combining digital and AI guided remote imaging with automation, and telepathology, to a achieve multi-omic profiling that was not previously possible.
mRNA-Expression of ERα, ERβ, and PR in Clonal Stem Cell Cultures Obtained from Human Endometrial Biopsies (2011)

Background. Proliferation and differentiation of the endometrium are regulated by estrogen and progesterone. The enormous regenerative capacity of the endometrium is thought to be based on the activity of adult stem cells. However, information on endocrine regulatory mechanisms in human endometrial stem cells is scarce. In the present study, we investigated the expression of ERα, ERβ, and PR in clonal cultures of human endometrial stem cells derived from transcervical biopsies. Methods. Endometrial tissue of 11 patients was obtained by transcervical biopsy. Stromal cell suspensions were plated at clonal density and incubated for 15 days. Expression of ERα, ERβ and PR was determined by qPCR prior to and after one cloning round, and normalized to 18 S rRNA expression. Results. Expression of ERα and ERβ was downregulated by 64% and 89%, respectively (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001). In contrast, PR was not significantly downregulated, due to a more heterogenous expression pattern. Conclusions. Culture of human endometrial stroma cells results in a downregulation of ERα and ERβ, while expression of PR remained unchanged in our patient collective. These results support the hypothesis that stem cells may not be subject to direct stimulation by sex steroids, but rather by paracrine mechanisms within the stem cell niche.
Resettable Zero-Knowledge (1999)

We introduce the notion of Resettable Zero-Knowledge (rZK), a new security measure for cryptographic protocols which strengthens the classical notion of zero-knowledge. In essence, an rZK protocol is one that remains zero knowledge even if an adversary can interact with the prover many times, each time resetting the prover to its initial state and forcing it to use the same random tape. Under general complexity assumptions, which hold for example if the Discrete Logarithm Problem is hard, we construct (non-constant round) Resettable Zero-Knowledge proof-systems for NP constant-round Resettable Witness-Indistinguishable proof-systems for NP constant-round Resettable Zero-Knowledge arguments for NP in the public key model: where veriers have fixed, public keys associated with them. In addition to shedding new light on what makes zero knowledge possible (by constructing ZK protocols that use randomness in a dramatically weaker way than before), rZK has great relevance to applications. Firstly, we show that rZK protocols are closed under parallel and
1243. Hepatitis D Virus and Hepatitis B Virus Epidemiology in Utah (2022)

Abstract Background Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) is a rare infectious disease that requires a helper virus (ex. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)) for transmission. Worldwide, it is estimated that 12-72 million individuals are infected with HDV. Within the United States, an accurate measure of HDV prevalence is attenuated by limited testing and variable notifiable disease status. Recent reports have noted a significant shift in the international HDV epidemiology. This retrospective study was designed to further evaluate the prevalence and clinical features of HDV and HBV within the Utahn patient population. Methods Within University of Utah Health, patient demographics, diagnostic codes (ICD9, ICD10) for HBV and HDV, CPT test codes and lab results were evaluated from 2000-2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Timeseries analyses, including Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test, Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) were performed to characterize trends in HDV and HBV prevalence. Results Between 2000-2020, 2878 HBV and 180 HDV patients were identified within the University of Utah Health system. The median age of the HBV and HDV patients was 45 years with 56% males and 42 years with 60% males, respectively. 10% of all HBV-tested patients were tested for HDV. The positivity rate of patients tested for HDV was 7%. Statistical analysis of race and ethnicity showed a significant difference in incidence and testing rates among the Utahn Asian population when compared against non-Asian populations. A significant increasing trend in the incidence of both HBV (MK=156, p=2.8e-6) and HDV (MK=83, p=0.01) was observed between 2000-2020. Within the timeframe analyzed, two structural breaks were observed for HDV/HBV incidence ratio. Conclusion Together, our analysis suggests a significant change in the incidence of HDV and, due to the global temporal trend observed, may be suggestive of a change in HDV transmission pattern. Active surveillance of HDV in the United States and worldwide is warranted to further define these observed changes in HDV incidence. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.
A Chiral Ag‐Based Catalyst for Practical, Efficient, and Highly Enantioselective Additions of Enolsilanes to α‐Ketoesters. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Error-prone Gene mucAB Variants in Escherichia coli Plasmids from Japanese Donors (2009)

Variants of the error-prone gene, mucAB, were found in Escherichia coli plasmids from 3 out of 63 healthy Japanese donors. As compared with mucAB of pKM101, one contained unaltered mucA only, while two others contained full-sized, mutated mucAB with mutation-enhancing activity in E. coli. Possible interaction between bacterial plasmid genes and host humans was discussed.
Acute Ethanol Effects on Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Fasted Rats (1998)

The effects of acute ethanol intoxication were investigated in a rat model of unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion. Groups of 5 to 8 male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 4 hr of left middle cerebral artery occlusion. All groups were deprived of food overnight and were pretreated intraperitoneally with 5% dextrose solution (10 ml/kg), 20% ethyl alcohol in 5% dextrose solution (2 g/kg), or 30% ethyl alcohol in a 5% dextrose solution (3 g/kg) 1 hr before middle cerebral artery occlusion. Regional cerebral blood flow during ipsilateral occlusion was ˜9.1 to 10% of baseline in all groups. The mean % brain water content in control, 2 g/kg ethanol-treated groups, and 3 g/kg ethanol-treated groups were: in the ischemic core–81.6, 81.2, and 82.4; intermediate zone–80.5, 80.6, and 81.7; and outer zone–79.7, 79.7, and 80.8, respectively. Brain Na+ and K+ content in the three groups was related to water content, but much greater with ethanol pretreatment. The water content of the intermediate zones in the 3 g/kg ethanol-treated animals was significantly greater than in the control (p < 0.01 and 0.001) and the 2 g/kg ethanol-treated groups. One-way analysis of variance indicated a significant dose–effect relationship in which the lower dose of ethanol tended to reduce ischemic core water content, and the larger dose increased ischemic core water, compared with the control. None of the overnight fasted groups had any significant hyperglycemia. The group given 3 g/kg ip ethanol 1 hr before had exacerbated edema formation with a mean whole blood level of ethanol of ˜230 mg/dl. The neurotoxic effects of high concentrations of ethanol were unrelated to any change in plasma glucose concentrations.
Amygdala subnuclei volumes, functional connectivity, and social–emotional outcomes in children born very preterm (2022)

Children born very preterm can demonstrate social-cognitive impairments, which may result from limbic system dysfunction. Altered development of the subnuclei of the amygdala, stress-sensitive regions involved in emotional processing, may be key predictors of social-skill development. In a prospective cohort study, 7-year-old children born very preterm underwent neurodevelopmental testing and brain MRI. The Child Behavioral Checklist was used to assess social-emotional outcomes. Subnuclei volumes were extracted automatically from structural scans (<i>n</i> = 69) and functional connectivity (<i>n</i> = 66) was examined. General Linear Models were employed to examine the relationships between amygdala subnuclei volumes and functional connectivity values and social-emotional outcomes. Sex was a significant predictor of all social-emotional outcomes (<i>P</i> < 0.05), with boys having poorer social-emotional outcomes. Smaller right basal nuclei volumes (<i>B</i> = -0.043, <i>P</i> = 0.014), smaller right cortical volumes (<i>B</i> = -0.242, <i>P</i> = 0.02) and larger right central nuclei volumes (<i>B</i> = 0.85, <i>P</i> = 0.049) were associated with increased social problems. Decreased connectivity strength between thalamic and amygdala networks and smaller right basal volumes were significant predictors of greater social problems (both, <i>P</i> < 0.05), effects which were stronger in girls (<i>P</i> = 0.025). Dysregulated maturation of the amygdala subnuclei, along with altered connectivity strength in stress-sensitive regions, may reflect stress-induced dysfunction and can be predictive of social-emotional outcomes.
Experimental data and modeling of χ(2)temporal stability of poled chromophore-doped sol-gel materials (2001)

The relaxation of the second-order nonlinearity of poled chromophore-doped sol-gel thin films has been studied at different temperatures between 63 degree(s)C and 82 degree(s)C (poling temperature: 90 degree(s)C). The process has been monitored through the variations of second harmonic generation (SHG) induced in the poled film by a pulsed nanosecond Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm). The SHG decay curves have then been fitted to bi-exponentials and Kohlrausch, Williams and Watts (KWW) stretched exponentials. The better quality of the KWW fits involves that this model is more appropriate than the bi- exponential model to describe chromophore relaxation in sol- gel thin films, as has been observed for classical all- organic polymers. A numerical analysis of the KWW parameters enables a better understanding of the function meaning. The time constants obtained with both models have been logarithmically plotted in function of temperature. An Arrhenius-type linear fit has been adjusted to this representation, and a value of the relaxation time extrapolated at room temperature. The bi-exponential model yields time constants of 26 and 110,000 years, while the KWW model extrapolates to an 87 years' second-order nonlinearity lifetime with a corresponding activation energy of 49 kcal.mol<SUP>-1</SUP>. Decay data gathered at room temperature over a period of 17 months can be fitted with both models and yield time constants of 14 days and 13 years for the bi- exponential, and of 115 days for the stretched exponential. The extrapolated KWW fit can be corrected with a factor of 0.58 to adjust the experimental data. This reveals the possible existence of a very rapid relaxation (less than a minute for our measurement temperatures) that was not measured. Nonetheless, our work shows that second-order nonlinearity in poled chromophore-doped sol-gel thin films is stable for more than a year. This is an encouraging result for future applications in telecom industry, especially as this feature has not yet been studied and optimized in terms of material synthesis.
Differential Impact of β and γ Residue Preorganization on α/β/γ-Peptide Helix Stability in Water (2013)

Cyclic constraints have proven to be very effective for preorganizing β-amino acid residues and thereby stabilizing β- and α/β-peptide helices, but little is known about possible preorganization effects among γ residues. Here we assess and compare the impact of cyclic preorganization of β and γ residues in the context of a specific α/β/γ-peptide helix. The results show that β residue preorganization is critical for helix stability but that γ residue preorganization is less important.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Antiangiogenic and Antimetastatic Activity of JAK Inhibitor AZD1480 (2023)

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Comparing the 1997 update of the 1982 American College of Rheumatology (ACR-97) and the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC-12) criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) classification: which enables earlier classification of SLE in an urban Asian population? (2018)

SLICC-12 criteria allow for earlier classification of SLE in a multiethnic cohort of Asian patients, supporting the validity of the SLICC-12 criteria and its use in clinical care and research.
Improving Ion/Ioff In Bilayer Graphene Transistors by Molecular Functionalization (2013)

We propose a bilayer graphene (BLG) device concept that allows to overcome the problem of zero bandgap in pristine BLG by all-organic asymmetrical functionalization. The BLG is sandwiched between a top p-dopant layer (F4TCNQ) and a bottom n-dopant layer (APTES), establishing a transverse electric field needed for bandgap opening. We demonstrate the occurrence of n- and p-type doping by studying the separate effects of the interaction of single-layer graphene (SLG) with the two molecular species. We confirm the occurrence of doping by electrical measurements performed on functionalized SLG samples integrated in a back-gated SLG-FET structure. We measure excess charge concentrations of n=-1.3×10^13 cm-2 and n=+1.2×10^13 cm-2 for respectively n- and p-type doping. The results of DFT calculations further corroborate our experimental results and confirm that the BLG device structure proposed could pave the way for the use of graphene in microelectronics.
First principles study of the decomposition processes of AlN in a hydrogen atmosphere (2008)

Abstract The growth of AlN films by the hydrogen vapor phase epitaxy method is generally carried out at a high temperature over a hydrogen atmosphere. The difficulties concerned with the decomposition processes on the surface during the film growth result in necessity of computer modelling of that processes. First principles calculations of the decomposition processes of AlN in a hydrogen atmosphere are reported. The mechanism of desorption of atoms from the surface was determined. Al atoms desorb as AlH from (0001) surface and as Al from (000‐1) surface of AlN. And N atoms desorb as NH 3 from (0001) surface and as NH from (000‐1) surface of AlN. The desorption of Al atoms is a rate limiting reaction. The calculation results correspond well with the experimental date published earlier. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)