gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circular and Magnetron Inductor/Sensor Coils to Detect Volumetric Brain Edema by Inductive Phase Shift Spectroscopy: A Sensitivity Simulation Study (2007)

Circular and planar magnetron coils were evaluated and compared for their ability to detect edema in the brain through volumetric inductive phase shift spectroscopy. The circular coil was considered as a single turn wire and the magnetron surface coil configuration was based on the principle of the cavity magnetron with successive slots. The brain cavity was modeled as an idealized sphere transversely centered with respect to the coils. The volumetric sensitivity to changes in the brain was examined by inserting in the brain cavity a spherical hematoma. The magnetic flux densities generated by the inductor and magnetron coils were evaluated through a three-dimensional finite elements solution of the quasi-static equations. Spectra of inductive phase shift induced in a second circular or magnetron receiver coils were estimated in a range of frequencies from 100KHz to 50MHz. In the analyzed range, the sensitivity of the phase shift to the presence of the edema increased with frequency. Using a planar magnetron as an induction coil increased somewhat the sensitivity to volumetric phase shift detection of edema over the use of a circular coil. The use of a planar magnetron as the receiver coil produced a substantial increase in sensitivity, in particular at the higher frequency of 50 MHz.
Classification of Microorganisms of Sukhna and Dhanas Lakes (2020)

The dataset consists of morphological features that map the body structure for ten different classes of microorganisms. These microorganisms are found in the lakes of Sukhna and Dhanas, Chandigarh, India. The images of microorganisms were captured by taking microscopic images of whole mounted glass slides. This dataset is used to design and construct a generic intelligent machine learning model and a pipeline of algorithms for classifying multiple microorganisms with a high level of accuracy. Following are the features extracted along with their descriptions. 1. Solidity: It is the ratio of area of an object to the area of a convex hull of the object. Computed as Area/ConvexArea. 2. Eccentricity: The eccentricity is the ratio of length of major to minor axis of an object. 3. EquivDiameter: Diameter of a circle with the same area as the region. 4. Extrema: Extrema points in the region. The format of the vector is [top-left top-right right-top right-bottom bottom-right bottom-left left-bottom left-top]. 5. Filled Area: Number of on pixels in FilledImage, returned as a scalar. 6. Extent: Ratio of the pixel area of a region with respect to the bounding box area of an object. 7. Orientation: The overall direction of the shape. The value ranges from -90 degrees to 90 degrees. 8. Euler number: Number of objects in the region minus the number of holes in those objects. 9. Bounding box: Position and size of the smallest box (rectangle) which bounds the object. 10. Convex hull: Smallest convex shape/polygon that contains the object. 11. Major axis: The major axis is the endpoints of the longest line that can be drawn through the object. Length (in pixels) of the major axis is the largest dimension of the object. 12. Minor axis: The axis perpendicular to the major axis is called the minor axis. Length (in pixels) of the minor axis is the smallest line connecting a pair of points on the contour. 13. Perimeter: Number of pixels around the border of the region. 14. Centroid: Centre of mass of the region. It is a measure of object’s location in the image. 15. Area: Total number of pixels in a region/shape.
A Cross-Layer Optimal Co-Design of Control and Networking in Time-Sensitive Cyber-Physical Systems (2020)

In the design of cyber-physical systems (CPS) where multiple physical systems are coupled via a communication network, a key aspect is to study how network services are distributed. In this letter, we first describe a cross-layer model for CPS to explicitly capture the coupling between control and networking and the time-sensitive requirements of each physical system. Physical systems processes are coupled via a shared network that provides a diverse range of cost-prone and capacity-limited services with distinct latency characteristics. Service prices are given such that low latency services incur higher communication cost, and prices remain fixed over a constant period of time but will be adjusted by the network for the future time periods. Physical systems decide to use specific services over each time interval depending on the service prices and their own time sensitivity requirements. Considering the service availability, the network coordinates resource allocation such that physical systems are serviced the closest to their preferences. Performance of individual systems are measured by an expected quadratic cost and we formulate a social optimization problem subject to time-sensitive requirements of the physical systems and the network constraints. From the formulated social optimization problem, we derive the joint optimal time-sensitive control and service allocation policies.
Multispectral image compression using universal vector quantization (2016)

We propose a new method for low-complexity compression of multispectral images based on universal vector quantization. Our approach generalizes the recently developed theory of universal scalar quantization to vector quantization, and uses it in the context of distributed coding. We exploit the availability of side information on the decoder to reduce the encoding rate of a vector quantizer, applied to compressed measurements of the image. The encoding reuses quantization labels to label multiple quantization cells and leverages the side information to select the correct cell at the decoder. The image is reconstructed using weighted total variation minimization, incorporating side information in the weights while enforcing consistency with the recovered quantization cell.
Towards 3-query locally decodable codes of subexponential length (2008)

A q -query Locally Decodable Code (LDC) encodes an n -bit message x as an N -bit codeword C ( x ), such that one can probabilistically recover any bit x i of the message by querying only q bits of the codeword C ( x ), even after some constant fraction of codeword bits has been corrupted. We give new constructions of three query LDCs of vastly shorter length than that of previous constructions. Specifically, given any Mersenne prime p = 2 t − 1, we design three query LDCs of length N = exp( O ( n 1/ t )), for every n . Based on the largest known Mersenne prime, this translates to a length of less than exp( O ( n 10 − 7 )) compared to exp( O ( n 1/2 )) in the previous constructions. It has often been conjectured that there are infinitely many Mersenne primes. Under this conjecture, our constructions yield three query locally decodable codes of length N = exp( n O (1/log log n ) ) for infinitely many n . We also obtain analogous improvements for Private Information Retrieval (PIR) schemes. We give 3-server PIR schemes with communication complexity of O ( n 10 − 7 ) to access an n -bit database, compared to the previous best scheme with complexity O ( n 1/5.25 ). Assuming again that there are infinitely many Mersenne primes, we get 3-server PIR schemes of communication complexity n O (1/log log n ) ) for infinitely many n . Previous families of LDCs and PIR schemes were based on the properties of low-degree multivariate polynomials over finite fields. Our constructions are completely different and are obtained by constructing a large number of vectors in a small dimensional vector space whose inner products are restricted to lie in an algebraically nice set.
CCDC 146076: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2000)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Surface Charges Control the Structure and Properties of Layered Nanocomposite of Cellulose Nanofibrils and Clay Platelets (2021)

The interfacial bonding and structure at the nanoscale in the polymer-clay nanocomposites are essential for obtaining desirable material and structure properties. Layered nanocomposite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)/montmorillonite (MTM) were prepared from the water suspensions of either CNFs bearing quaternary ammonium cations (Q-CNF) or CNFs bearing carboxylate groups (TO-CNF) with MTM nanoplatelets carrying net surface negative charges by using vacuum filtration followed by compressive drying. The effect of the ionic interaction between cationic or anionic charged CNFs and MTM nanoplatelets on the structure, mechanical properties, and flame retardant performance of the TO-CNF/MTM and Q-CNF/MTM nanocomposite films were studied and compared. The MTM nanoplatelets were well dispersed in the network of TO-CNFs in the form of nanoscale tactoids with the MTM content in the range of 5-70 wt %, while an intercalated structure was observed in the Q-CNF/MTM nanocomposites. The resulting TO-CNF/MTM nanocomposite films had a better flame retardant performance as compared to the Q-CNF/MTM films with the same MTM content. In addition, the effective modulus of MTM for the TO-CNF/MTM nanocomposites was as high as 129.9 GPa, 3.5 times higher than that for Q-CNF/MTM (37.1 GPa). On the other hand, the Q-CNF/MTM nanocomposites showed a synergistic enhancement in the modulus and tensile strength together with strain-to-failure and demonstrated a much better toughness as compared to the TO-CNF/MTM nanocomposites.
Assessing the restoration potential of an ex-agricultural amenity site (2011)

Summary High soil fertility is a common impediment for restoring species-rich vegetation on ex-agriculture land. Here, we assessed species abundance and peak-summer standing biomass of the existing vegetation, soil chemical composition (four depths) and the composition of the seed bank. The existing vegetation was composed mainly of grasses with few forbs, described as the OV21d Lolium perenne-Dactylis glomerata community National Vegetation Classification (NVC) community. The target NVC community was a mesotrophic grassland community either MG1a or MG5d, the Festuca rubra subcommunity of the Arrhenatheretum eliatoris grassland, and Danthonia decumbens subcommunity of the Centaureo-Cynosuretum, cristati grassland respectively. The seed bank contained four graminoids and two forbs, all at low densities. The soil chemical properties varied spatially and by depth depending on variable measured, but most were within the ranges of variables found in typical semi-natural grasslands elsewhere in the UK. It is suggested that the limiting factor at this site is not soil fertility but rather a lack of propagules of the important dicotyledon species required for the target plant community; the propagules are not in the soil and/or cannot establish in the existing vegetation. Further experiments are needed to test this hypothesis.
Guest Editorial (2016)

The seven papers in this special mini-issue were originally presented at the 3rd IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC 2015), held in Boulder, CO, USA, on May 13-15, 2015.
Phosphorylation of the human interleukin-2 receptor and a synthetic peptide identical to its C-terminal, cytoplasmic domain. (1986)

The recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor was expressed in mouse mammary epithelial cells following the transfection of these cells with an expression vector containing the human IL-2 receptor cDNA. The recombinant IL-2 receptor in these cells was rapidly phosphorylated in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), but its phosphorylation could not be detected in the absence of PMA or upon addition of human IL-2. The C-terminal, cytoplasmic peptide domain of the IL-2 receptor, Gln-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Lys-Ser-Arg-Arg-Thr-Ile, was synthesized and used as a substrate for protein kinase C. The Km for phosphorylation of the peptide by protein kinase C was 23 microM. The stoichiometry of phosphorylation was 1 mol of phosphate/mol of peptide and serine was the predominant amino acid phosphorylated. Because this peptide was a good substrate for protein kinase C in vitro, it was possible that the same serine (serine 247) was also phosphorylated in the receptor in the cell. The IL-2 receptor gene in the expression vector was therefore altered by site-directed mutagenesis to code for an IL-2 receptor containing an alanine in the place of serine 247. The IL-2 receptor expressed by these cells was not phosphorylated in the presence of PMA. These data suggest that protein kinase C, in response to PMA, phosphorylates the C-terminal serine residue (serine 247) in the human IL-2 receptor.
Selective Selenate Adsorption on Cationated Amino-Functionalized MCM-41 (2003)

Abstract A large distribution coefficient and large sorption capacity were observed during selenate adsorption by cation (Fe3+, Cu2+, and H+)-anchored diamino-functionalized MCM-41. Moreover, these synthetic adsorption media showed excellent selectivity for selenate sorption in the presence of other anions. In a pure potassium selenate solution, the distribution coefficients, Kd, exceeded 200000 when [selenate] &amp;lt; 25 mg in 1 g of these adsorbents (i.e., when the coverage of selenate &amp;lt; 0.4). The adsorption capacities of these three adsorption media were 117, 83.0, and 123 mg (g-adsorbent)−1, respectively, with the Fe and Cu centers having the capacity to bind 1.5 and 1.1 selenate anions on average. Tests on mono- (N-), di- (NN-), and triamino- (NNN-) functionalized MCM-41 showed that the diamino-functionalized varieties exhibited the largest value for Kd when cationated by Fe3+ and Cu2+. In the case of Fe/NN-MCM-41, diamino-functionalized MCM-41 cationated by Fe3+, the degree of inhibition caused by coexisting SO42− was much lower than the value reported for aluminum oxide. Cu/NN-MCM-41 showed the largest resistance to inhibition by Cl−. For the adsorbents that we tested, the effects of coexisting nitrate were smallest for these three anions. The local structure of the adsorption center in Fe/NN-MCM-41 was analyzed by EXAFS spectroscopy.
Steroid sulfatase inhibitors (2005)

Steroid sulfatase (STS), a microsomal enzyme catalysing the hydrolysis of the sulfate esters of 3-hydroxy steroids, has received considerable attention as an attractive drug target. It is crucial for the local production of active oestrogens and androgens from their systemic circulating sulfated precursor, namely oestrone sulfate (E1S) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), which are involved in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. STS inhibitors have been proposed for the treatment of breast, endometrial and prostate cancer, and for androgen-dependent skin diseases such as alopecia, hirsutism and acne. In addition to various classes of potent irreversible arylsulfamate-based inhibitors, recently novel chemotypes of reversible inhibitors originating from high-throughput screening (HTS) were discovered. All STS inhibitors to date are in the preclinical stage, with the exception of 667COUMATE, which is presently in a Phase I clinical trial. In this review the latest patent disclosures and literature in the field of STS inhibitors are summarised.
Room Temperature InGaSb Quantum Well Microcylinder Lasers at 2 μm Grown Monolithically on a Silicon Substrate (2006)

Room-temperature photopumped lasing operation near 2.0mum is reported from III-Sb microcylinders grown monolithically on silicon. High quality epitaxy is enabled by an interfacial misfit array. Growth, fabrication and device characterization is discussed
Expression of a homologously recombined erythopoietin-SV40 T antigen fusion gene in mouse liver: evidence for erythropoietin production by Ito cells (1994)

We have obtained transgenic mice in which an erythropoietin-SV40 virus T antigen fusion gene is homologously recombined into the native Epo locus. This gene is expressed in a tissue-specific manner closely resembling that of the native Epo gene. Immunohistochemical detection of SV40 T antigen has been used to characterize the hepatic cell populations expressing the transgene. In mice stimulated by anaemia or hypobaric hypoxia, SV40 T antigen was demonstrated in two liver cell populations: a subset of hepatocytes and a nonparenchymal cell type. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of these cells by light and electron microscopy showed the nonparenchymal cell type to be the Ito cells, which lie in a persinusoidal position within the space of Disse. We therefore conclude that Ito cells are the nonhepatocytic source of liver Epo production. These cells show many similarities to the Epo-producing fibroblastoid interstitial cells of the kidney.
A Study of a Combined Anaerobic/Aerobic System: Enhanced Nitrogen Removal by Alternating Aeration Modes in the Aerobic Digestion System (2010)

A combined anaerobic/aerobic digestion system was studied to test its solids and nitrogen removal efficiencies. The anaerobic digester was operated under constant conditions throughout the study at a 15-day solids retention time (SRT) at 37C. The focus was on variations in the SRT and aeration pattern in the aerobic phase. In the first part of study, the aerobic system was aerated continuously and operated at retention times from 2 to 5 days. More solids and ammonia reduction was observed from the aerobic system operated at the longer retention time but higher effluent nitrite/nitrate was also measured. In the second part of study, various alternating aeration modes (15/15, 15/30, 15/45, 20/20, 20/40 and 30/30 air off/air on in minutes) and retention times (3 to 5 days) were applied to the aerobic system to determine the optimum aeration on/off condition for solids and ammonia removal along with effluent nitrite/nitrate. Among alternating aeration modes, the 20 off/40 on mode for a 4 day SRT was determined as the optimum setup, which achieved about 7% additional volatile solids reduction, 90% ammonia removal and a nitrite/nitrate discharge of 2.6 mg-N/L. Better nitrogen removal efficiencies in the aerobic systems operated for 4 day retention time seem to be associated with more even relative abundant but diverse microbial community distribution along with greater similarity of the community composition between different aeration modes (i.e. time for aeration off or on).
High-Speed, Phase-Dominant Spatial Light Modulation with Silicon-Based Active Resonant Antennas (2017)

Spatiotemporal control of optical wavefronts is of great importance in numerous free-space optical applications including imaging in 3D and through scattering media, remote sensing, and generation of various beam profiles for microscopy. Progress in these applications is currently limited due to lack of compact and high-speed spatial light modulators. Here we report an active antenna comprising a free-space coupled asymmetric Fabry–Perot resonator that produces a phase-dominant thermo-optic modulation of reflected light at frequencies approaching tens of kilohertz. As a proof of concept for spatial light modulation, we demonstrate a 6 × 6 array of such active antennas with beam deflection capability. The robust design of our silicon-based active antenna will enable large-scale integration of high-speed, phase-dominant spatial light modulators.
Study of charged island formation in nanoscale Si single-electron transistors using dual port reflectometric spectroscopy (2015)

Recently developed dual port reflectometric spectroscopy (DPRS) not only enables detection of single electron charging events in nanoscaled MOS single-electron transistors (SETs) that are not detectable using conventional transport spectroscopy, but DPRS also provides the ability to spatially localize charging events and discriminate between charging events involving defects and those associated with the SET island. Here we present an experimental study of charging processes in Si single-hole transistors (SHTs) from deep depletion (prior to electrostatic formation of the island) through the initial stages of SHT island formation and population with the first few holes.
Fabrication and characterization of high-quality uniform and apodized Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ waveguide gratings using laser interference lithography (2006)

A method is presented for fabricating high-quality ridge waveguide gratings by combining conventional mask lithography with laser interference lithography. The method, which allows for apodization functions modulating both amplitude and phase of the grating is demonstrated by fabricating a grating that is chirped by width-variation of the grated ridge waveguide. The structure was optically characterized using both an end-fire and an infrared camera setup to measure the transmission and to map and quantify the power scattered out of the grating, respectively. For a uniform grating, we found a Q value of ~8000 for the resonance peak near the lower wavelength band edge, which was almost completely suppressed after apodization
Analysis and Modeling of Power Grid Transmission lines (2006)

Power distribution and signal transmission are becoming key limiters for chip performance in nanometer era. These issues can be simultaneously addressed by designing transmission lines in power grids. The transmission lines are well suited for high quality intra-chip signal transmission at multi gigabit data rates. By having signal lines between the power grids, the VDD and GND lines in the grid can be exploited as return paths besides being used for regular power distribution. This approach also improves wiring density. In this paper, we rigorously analyze and discuss the design considerations for laying transmission lines in power grids. We also present design oriented modeling methods in 2D and 3D geometry. We show how the grid modeling complexity is simplified. We experimentally validate our results with fabricated test structures. We also show VDD lines in the grid act as good return path without external decoupling capacitors in our design. Further we discuss substrate effects and deduce guidelines for designing power grid transmission lines on a low resistive silicon substrate
Crystalline ZrO2 doping induced columnar structural FePt films with larger coercivity and high aspect ratio (2015)

Columnar (001) FePt-ZrO2-C films with large coercivity, small grain size, and high aspect ratio were obtained. By doping ZrO2 into FePt film at high sputtering temperature, tetragonal (002) textured ZrO2 was formed and distributed at the grain boundaries of FePt grains, resulting in the formation of columnar structured FePt films. The perpendicular anisotropy of FePt films was degraded since some (200) FePt grains were formed directly on the (002) textured ZrO2. With a small amount of carbon doping into FePt-ZrO2 35 vol. % films, the perpendicular anisotropy was improved. However, FePt grains were still interconnected. Upon further increasing concentration of ZrO2, (001) textured FePt-ZrO2 40 vol. %-C 5 vol. % films with well isolated grains in average diameter of 5.5 nm and very good columnar structure were obtained.