gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insect’s intestinal organ for symbiont sorting (2015)

Symbiosis has significantly contributed to organismal adaptation and diversification. For establishment and maintenance of such host-symbiont associations, host organisms must have evolved mechanisms for selective incorporation, accommodation, and maintenance of their specific microbial partners. Here we report the discovery of a previously unrecognized type of animal organ for symbiont sorting. In the bean bug Riptortus pedestris, the posterior midgut is morphologically differentiated for harboring specific symbiotic bacteria of a beneficial nature. The sorting organ lies in the middle of the intestine as a constricted region, which partitions the midgut into an anterior nonsymbiotic region and a posterior symbiotic region. Oral administration of GFP-labeled Burkholderia symbionts to nymphal stinkbugs showed that the symbionts pass through the constricted region and colonize the posterior midgut. However, administration of food colorings revealed that food fluid enters neither the constricted region nor the posterior midgut, indicating selective symbiont passage at the constricted region and functional isolation of the posterior midgut for symbiosis. Coadministration of the GFP-labeled symbiont and red fluorescent protein-labeled Escherichia coli unveiled selective passage of the symbiont and blockage of E. coli at the constricted region, demonstrating the organ's ability to discriminate the specific bacterial symbiont from nonsymbiotic bacteria. Transposon mutagenesis and screening revealed that symbiont mutants in flagella-related genes fail to pass through the constricted region, highlighting that both host's control and symbiont's motility are involved in the sorting process. The blocking of food flow at the constricted region is conserved among diverse stinkbug groups, suggesting the evolutionary origin of the intestinal organ in their common ancestor.
Towards Manoeuver Negotiation: AutoNet2030 Project from a Car Maker Perspective (2016)

Vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication (also known as V2X) can augment vehicle perception, which is a key factor in Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) as well as in the future scenario of Automated Driving. The European project AutoNet2030 demonstrates how the combination of V2X and on-board sensors makes vehicle control, manoeuvring negotiations and interaction between vehicles more efficient and reliable. The target driving scenario involves a group of vehicles moving in a coordinated way, thanks to vehicle-to-vehicle communication. This requires a novel set of messages, to transmit vehicle status, trajectories and manoeuver intentions, such as lane change, within the group. Another research topic is the interaction between the on-board system and the driver (Human Machine Interaction, HMI), considering both the novel manoeuvre coordination concepts, and the gradual introduction of automated functions from an end user perspective. These concepts are integrated into prototype vehicles, which are going to be experimented in the next future to understand the full system potential.
Internationale Aspekte der Verankerung inklusiver Unterrichtskonzepte (2015)

The term inclusion (=admittance, involvement) is used almost synonymously for the concept of the joint schooling of children with and without intellectual disabilities, language disabilities, physical handicaps, or mental disorders. This article addresses the current state of inclusion in Germany as well as the international situation, such as the Salamanca Declaration of the UNESCO, the «Individuals with Disabilities Act» (IDEA) in the United States as well as European developments, particularly in Great Britain, Austria, and Russia. Even though, from a political perspective, the decision in favor of inclusion seems irreversible, there appears to be a lack an agreement on the modality and timeframe. Thus, the average percentage of students with special education needs in Germany amounts to only 28.2%. The reasons behind this situation are presently being analyzed and discussed. A question of key importance concerns the benefit for the persons concerned, since that should be the measure of the success of inclusion. This question will most likely be validly answered only for individual subgroups of disabilities. This field still requires extensive research.
Local softness, scanning tunneling microscopy, and surface reactivity (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTLocal softness, scanning tunneling microscopy, and surface reactivityMarcelo Galvan, Arnaldo Dal Pino Jr., Jing Wang, and John D. JoannopoulosCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 4, 783–785Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/j100106a001Request reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (286 KB) Get e-Alerts
NEW APPROACH TO MODEL FITTING IN MULTI-DETECTOR GPC (2000)

The main limitation of multi-detector GPC arises from the nature of detector sensitivities in the tails of a polymer distribution. In the low molecular weight tail of this distribution, molecular weight-sensitive detectors (such as a capillary viscometer or a static laser light-scattering photometer) have low sensitivity while concentration detectors (e.g., differential refractometer) have high sensitivity. This situation is reversed in the high molecular weight tail. These imbalances in sensitivity raise the question of how best to obtain an estimate of column calibration curves. The question is central to the successful application of the multi-detector GPC technique. For example, the accuracy and precision with which structural information for polymers with broad molecular weight distribution, especially with long-chain branches, can be obtained depends critically on the accurate estimation of such calibration curves in the tails. Traditionally, calibration curves are fit to the logarithm of the ratios...
Toward a Science of Autonomy for Physical Science: Healthcare (2016)

In Star Wars Episode V, we see Luke Skywalker being repaired by a surgical robot. In the context of the movie, this doesn't seem surprising or disturbing. After all, it is a long, long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away. It would never happen here. Or could it? Would we accept a robot as our doctor, our surgeon, or our in-home care specialist? Imagine walking into an operating room and no one was there. You are instructed to lie down on the operating table, and the OR system takes over. Would you feel comfortable with this possible future world?
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Activity Enhances Host Susceptibility to Pulmonary Infection with Type A and B Strains of Francisella tularensis (2007)

A striking feature of pulmonary infection with the Gram-negative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis, a category A biological threat agent, is an intense accumulation of inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages, at sites of bacterial replication. Given the essential role played by host matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in modulating leukocyte recruitment and the potentially indiscriminate destructive capacity of these cells, we investigated whether MMP-9, an important member of this protease family released by neutrophils and activated macrophages, plays a role in the pathogenesis of respiratory tularemia. We found that F. tularensis induced expression of MMP-9 in FVB/NJ mice and that the action of this protease is associated with higher bacterial burdens in pulmonary and extrapulmonary tissues, development of more extensive histopathology predominated by neutrophils, and increased morbidity and mortality compared with mice lacking MMP-9 (MMP-9(-/-)). Moreover, MMP-9(-/-) mice were able to resolve infection with either the virulence-attenuated type B (live vaccine strain) or the highly virulent type A (SchuS4) strain of F. tularensis. Disease resolution was accompanied by diminished leukocyte recruitment and reductions in both bacterial burden and proinflammatory cytokine production. Notably, neutrophilic infiltrates were significantly reduced in MMP-9(-/-) mice, owing perhaps to limited release of Pro-Gly-Pro, a potent neutrophil chemotactic tripeptide released from extracellular matrix through the action of MMP-9. Collectively, these results suggest that MMP-9 activity plays a central role in modulating the clinical course and severity of respiratory tularemia and identifies MMPs as novel targets for therapeutic intervention as a means of modulating neutrophil recruitment.
A High-Power Passively Q-Switched Monolithic Solid-State Laser (2009)

A passively Q-switched monolithic solid-state laser with a crystal of Nd:YAG+Cr:YAG bonded at room temperature and a fiber-coupled LD stack was developed. 12 mJ output with 50 Hz and 2.3 ns pulse width was achieved.
Two-photon holography in a 3D photopolymer host-guest matrix (2000)

We demonstrate for the first time two-photon induced holographic recording at an arbitrary point in three dimensional photopolymeric cube by overlapping two coherent pulses from a 200 femtosecond Ti: Sapphire tunable laser operating at 710 nm. Spatial overlap is achieved by a novel pupil division method. The polymer material is made of epoxy host, which is fully polymerized and filled with liquid photopolymerisable formulation comprising acrylate type monomer and two-photon photoinitiator. Measured diffraction efficiency is measured to be 3.5%.
Vapor-liquid equilibriums of acetone, isopropenyl acetate, and acetic anhydride (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVapor-liquid equilibriums of acetone, isopropenyl acetate, and acetic anhydrideMichael F. Kozempel and C. Michael KellyCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1975, 20, 4, 367–370Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60067a028https://doi.org/10.1021/je60067a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transcriptome profiling of drought responsive noncoding RNAs and their target genes in rice (2016)

We identified rice noncoding RNAs (66 miRNAs and 98 lncRNAs), whose expression was highly regulated by drought stress conditions, and whose transcript levels negatively correlated with putative target genes.
A security architecture for the Internet Protocol (1998)

In this paper we present the design, rationale, and implementation of a security architecture for protecting the secrecy and integrity of Internet traffic at the Internet Protocol (IP) layer. The design includes three components: (1) a security policy for determining when, where, and how security measures are to be applied; (2) a modular key management protocol, called MKMP, for establishing shared secrets between communicating parties and meta-information prescribed by the security policy; and (3) the IP Security Protocol, as it is being standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force, for applying security measures using information provided through the key management protocol. Effectively, these three components together allow for the establishment of a secure channel between any two communicating systems over the Internet. This technology is a component of IBM's firewall product and is now being ported to other IBM computer platforms.
Total synthesis of rifamycins. 2. Total synthesis of racemic rifamycin S (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of rifamycins. 2. Total synthesis of racemic rifamycin SH. Iio, H. Nagaoka, and Y. KishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 27, 7965–7967Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00547a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00547a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1166Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Corrigendum to Nishank Jain, Milind A. Phadnis, Suzanne L. Hunt, Junqiang Dai, Theresa I. Shireman, Clayton L. Davis, Jawahar L. Mehta, Rafia S. Rasu and S. Susan Hedayati. “Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Oral P2Y12 Inhibitors in Patients on Chronic Dialysis”. Kidney Int Rep. 2021;6(9):2381-2391. (2022)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.06.031.].
Characterization of the monoamine carrier of chromaffin granule membrane by binding of [2-3H]dihydrotetrabenazine. (1983)

[2-3H]Dihydrotetrabenazine (2-hydroxy-3-isobutyl-9, 10-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-11b-H-benzo [a]-quinolizine), a derivative of the neuroleptic tetrabenazine, binds to the membrane of purified bovine chromaffin granules. Specific binding was characterized by Kd and Bmax values of 3.1 nM and 62 pmol/mg of membrane protein, respectively. It was reversible, with association and dissociation rate constants of 0.22 x 10(6) M-1 s-1 and 1.8 x 10(-3) s-1, respectively. Binding sites were present in extracts of medulla but not in corticoadrenal extracts; in the medulla they were restricted to chromaffin granule membranes, [2-3H]Dihydrotetrabenazine binding occurred on the catecholamine carrier of the chromaffin granule membrane because it was clearly correlated with inhibition of norepinephrine uptake. In addition, inhibitors and substrates of the uptake reaction displaced [2-3H]dihydrotetrabenazine from its binding sites, and their potency as displacers was qualitatively correlated with their IC50 or Km. These results suggest that use of [2-3H]dihydrotetrabenazine binding might be an interesting technique in the study of the vesicular monoamine carrier.
Ligand field strengths of carbon monoxide and cyanide in octahedral coordination (2005)

Ligand field splittings were extracted from absorption spectra of metal hexacarbonyl and hexacyano complexes over 35 years ago by Gray and coworkers (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 85, 2922 (1963); ibid. 90, 4260, 5713 (1968)). Recent time-dependent density functional theory calculations by Baerends and coworkers (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 121, 10356 (1999)) on M(CO)6 with M = Cr, Mo, W raised questions about the magnitudes of these ligand field splittings. In order to reexamine such effects systematically, we report here the splittings for a series of 3d6 metal hexacarbonyl, hexaisocyano and hexacyano complexes: , Cr(CO)6, and ; and ; and , Cr(CNH)6, and . This work demonstrates that the 3d splittings induced by the ligands in question generally fall in the order CO > CNH > CN−. We agree with Baerends and colleagues that CO exerts a much stronger ligand field than was originally thought.
Autonomous Inflow Control for Reduced Water Cut and/or Gas Oil Ratio (2018)

Abstract One of the main challenges for increased oil recovery is major breakthrough of unwanted fluids as water and gas, due to uneven influx along the horizontal section. The problem can be avoided or significantly reduced by deploying novel inflow control technologies. Inflow Control Devices (ICD) and Autonomous Inflow Control Devices (AICD) are able to delay breakthrough, but not stop the production of unwanted fluids completely. The newest generation of inflow control technology, the Autonomous Inflow Control Valves (AICV) can optimize the oil production, in both new and old wells, and reduce water cut and/or gas oil ratio significantly. The benefit of the AICV is to provide balanced inflow of oil along a horizontal well, by autonomously choke or close the breakthrough compartments, and still produce from the rest of the reservoir. The commercial near-well simulation tool, NETool, is used to model a horizontal section with uneven influx along the well. Completion with 16 evenly distributed AICVs in 8 isolated zones is compared to an open hole situation and completion with nozzle ICDs. Simulation of one medium viscosity oil reservoir with water choking, and one light oil reservoir with gas shut-off are performed to demonstrate the increased oil production and recovery by implementing AICV technology. In NETool several models of different types of inflow control are available, including the model of Statoil's Rate Controlled Production (RCP). In this study, the RCP function is tuned to fit the experimentally determined flow performance behavior of the AICV and the function is utilized in the applied simulation. A good correlation of the experimentally flow performance curves and the flow performance behavior of the tuned RCP function is obtained. The tuned RCP function gives a realistic assumption of the functionality of the AICV, and shows that the potential of increased oil production and recovery is significantly in a range of reservoirs. The simulation result shows that for the medium oil reservoir the water cut (WC) is decreased from 60% with use of open hole completion to 29% for the situation with AICVs installed. The well completed with AICVs increase the oil production with 75%. In the light oil reservoir, the AICV closes the gas breakthrough compartments completely, and increases the oil production from the other zones. The Gas Oil Ratio (GOR) is dramatically reduced from 1281 Sm3/Sm3 for the open hole situation, to 57 Sm3/Sm3 with AICV completion. In both cases a simulation of a nozzle ICD is performed, showing that the performance of the ICD is in between the open hole completion and the situation with AICVs installed.
A robust low complexity algorithm for carrier-to-interference ratio estimation in GSM (2003)

The adaptive multi-rate (AMR) feature of GSM can offer significant capacity and speech quality improvements provided the speech coder rate can be precisely adapted to the changing channel conditions. To enable this link adaptation requires an estimation of a suitable link quality measure. This paper details a robust, low complexity algorithm for estimating a link independent measure-carrier-to-interference ratio (C/I)-in GSM over a wide dynamic range. The complexity of the algorithm is reduced by exploiting the structure of GMSK modulation. An algorithm for diversity combining the link quality estimates is also presented. Performance results are presented for TU, RA, and HT multipath propagation conditions for mobile speeds of 3, 50, and 100 km/h. It is shown that the algorithm meets the GSM 05.09 link adaptation specification with sufficient margin and with a reasonably low computational complexity.
Spin and interaction effects in Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations and the quantum Hall effect in GaN/AlGaN heterostructures (2004)

We present the results of high magnetic field (up to 30 T) and temperature (50 mK-80 K) dependent transport measurements on a 2DEG in GaN/AlGaN heterojunctions. A high mobility (above 60000 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) at 4 K) 2DEG was obtained by MBE growth of dislocation free GaN and AlGaN layers on semi-insulating bulk GaN substrates. A cyclotron gap and spin splitting are observed. Results from two studies are reported: (i) a tilted field experiment determining the 2DEG g*-factor from the angular modulation of the amplitude of SdH oscillations; (ii) quantum Hall effect measurements determining the activation energies for spin and cyclotron energy gaps at even and odd filling factors. The observed 'cyclotron gap' enhancement is attributed to the effect of electron-electron interaction and it is estimated using the model of a 2D-screened Coulomb potential. The analytic result for the enhancement of the,cyclotron gap' yields an addition to the activation energy, epsilon(even)(x) approximate to kappa(h) over bar omega(c), K = 1.06 roota(2)n(e), which is proportional to the magnetic field and resembles the mass renormalization.
αMβ2 (CD11b/CD18, Mac-1) integrin activation by a unique monoclonal antibody to αM I domain that is divalent cation-sensitive (2000)

Abstract The β2 (CD18) leukocyte integrins play a key role in normal and inflammatory immune responses. In resting leukocytes, these receptors do not bind ligands. However, when leukocytes are exposed to an appropriate agonist, high-affinity ligand binding is achieved, presumably as a result of conformational changes in the integrin. In this study, we describe a novel monoclonal antibody, mAb 6C1, directed against the αM subunit, which directly induces adhesion of αMβ2-transfected CHO cells to fibrinogen, ICAM-1, and iC3b. Induction of binding could also be accomplished by monovalent Fab fragments of mAb 6C1 at concentrations similar to that observed with intact IgG, demonstrating stimulation of adhesion was not because of receptor cross-linking at the cell surface. The binding of mAb 6C1 induces conformational changes in the receptor, as evidenced by the expression of an “activation reporter” epitope recognized by mAb 24. The binding of mAb 6C1 is modulated by divalent cations. Mn2+ promoted high levels of 6C1 binding, and Mg2+ supported low levels of binding, however Ca2+ failed to support binding. A unique distinction of mAb 6C1 is localization of its epitope to the αM I domain. The αM I domain is essential for ligand binding, can directly bind divalent cations, and participates in the regulation of αMβ2 ligand-binding affinity. Thus, these studies have identified a novel αM I domain activation epitope of αMβ2 and support the idea that the I domain modulates the activational state of the β2 integrins.