gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video Synopsis and Indexing (2007)

The amount of captured video is growing with the increased numbers of video cameras, especially the increase of millions of surveillance cameras that operate 24 hours a day. Since video browsing and retrieval is time consuming, most captured video is never watched or examined. Video synopsis is an effective tool for browsing and indexing such video. It provides a short video representation, while preserving the essential activities in the original video. The activity in the video is condensed into a shorter period by simultaneously showing multiple activities, even when they originally occurred at different times. The synopsis video is also an index into the original video by pointing to the original time of each activity. Video Synopsis can be applied to create a synopsis of an endless video streams, as generated by webcams and by surveillance cameras. It can address queries like “Show in one minute the synopsis of this camera broadcast during the past day”. This process includes two major phases: (i) An online conversion of the endless video stream into a database of objects and activities (rather than frames). (ii) A response phase, generating the video synopsis as a response to the user’s query. Index Terms video summary, video indexing, video surveillance I.
Data from Genetic and Pharmacologic Evidence That mTOR Targeting Outweighs mTORC1 Inhibition as an Antimyeloma Strategy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and cell survival, and plays those roles by forming two functionally distinct multiprotein complexes: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Deregulation of the mTOR pathway has been found in different cancers, including multiple myeloma. Agents acting on mTORC1, such as rapamycin and derivatives, are being explored as antitumoral strategies. However, whether targeting mTOR would be a more effective antimyeloma strategy than exclusively acting on the mTORC1 branch remains to be established. In this report, we explored the activation status of mTOR routes in malignant plasma cells, and analyzed the contribution of mTOR and its two signaling branches to the proliferation of myeloma cells. Gene expression profiling demonstrated deregulation of mTOR pathway–related genes in myeloma plasma cells from patients. Activation of the mTOR pathway in myelomatous plasma cells was corroborated by flow cytometric analyses. RNA interference (RNAi) experiments indicated that mTORC1 predominated over mTORC2 in the control of myeloma cell proliferation. However, mTOR knockdown had a superior antiproliferative effect than acting only on mTORC1 or mTORC2. Pharmacologic studies corroborated that the neutralization of mTOR has a stronger antimyeloma effect than the individual inhibition of mTORC1 or mTORC2. Together, our data support the clinical development of agents that widely target mTOR, instead of agents, such as rapamycin or its derivatives, that solely act on mTORC1. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 13(2); 504–16. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
From Information Rate Computation to Communication System Design (2007)

This paper investigates the application of information-theoretic techniques to the design of advanced communication and storage systems. We use the information rate (IR), evaluated using a recently proposed efficient numerical technique, as the key parameter characterizing the system performance. As case studies, we consider three different scenarios: (i) single-carrier (SC) and multi-carrier (MC) transmission systems over linear dispersive channels, (ii) digital storage systems impaired by media noise, and (iii) optical communication systems with direct photo-detection. The obtained results show that a clever IR analysis can provide significant insights into system performance and design in several scenarios of interest in current applications.
Live‐Animal Imaging of Renal Function by Multiphoton Microscopy (2007)

Intravital microscopy, microscopy of living animals, is a powerful research technique that combines the resolution and sensitivity found in microscopic studies of cultured cells with the relevance and systemic influences of cells in the context of the intact animal. The power of intravital microscopy has recently been extended with the development of multiphoton fluorescence microscopy systems capable of collecting optical sections from deep within the kidney at subcellular resolution, supporting high-resolution characterizations of the structure and function of glomeruli, tubules, and vasculature in the living kidney. Fluorescent probes are administered to an anesthetized, surgically prepared animal, followed by image acquisition for up to 3 hr. Images are transferred via a high-speed network to specialized computer systems for digital image analysis. This general approach can be used with different combinations of fluorescent probes to evaluate processes such as glomerular permeability, proximal tubule endocytosis, microvascular flow, vascular permeability, mitochondrial function, and cellular apoptosis/necrosis.
Differential congestion notification: taming the elephants (2004)

Active queue management (AQM) in routers has been proposed as a solution to some of the scalability issues associated with TCP's pure end-to-end approach to congestion control. A recent study of AQM demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing the response times of Web request/response exchanges as well as increasing link throughput and reducing loss rates [L. Le et al., 2003]. However, use of the ECN (explicit congestion notification) signaling protocol was required to outperform drop-tail queuing. Since ECN is not currently widely deployed on end-systems, we investigate an alternative to ECN, namely applying AQM differentially to flows based on a heuristic classification of the flow's transmission rate. Our approach, called differential congestion notification (DCN), distinguishes between "small" flows and "large" high-bandwidth flows and only provides congestion notification to large high-bandwidth flows. We compare DCN to other prominent AQM schemes and demonstrate that for Web and general TCP traffic, DCN outperforms all the other AQM designs, including those previously designed to differentiate between flows based on their size and rate.
Extended release formulations for local anaesthetic agents (2012)

Systemic toxicity through overdose of local anaesthetic agents is a real concern. By encapsulating local anaesthetics in biodegradable carriers to produce a system for prolonged release, their duration of action can be extended. This encapsulation should also improve the safety profile of the local anaesthetic as it is released at a slower rate. Work with naturally occurring local anaestheticss has also shown promise in the area of reducing systemic and neurotoxicity. Extended duration local anaesthetic formulations in current development or clinical use include liposomes, hydrophobic based polymer particles such as Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres, pasty injectable and solid polymers like Poly(sebacic-co-ricinoleic acid) P(SA:RA) and their combination with synthetic and natural local anaesthetic. Their duration of action, rationale and limitations are reviewed. Direct comparison of the different agents is limited by their chemical properties, the drug doses encapsulated and the details of in vivo models described.
Symmetry breaking charge transfer as a means to study electron transfer with no driving force (2019)

Symmetry breaking charge transfer (SBCT) is a process where a symmetrically disposed pair of identical chromophores forms a charge transfer excited state with the hole and electron on different chromophores, i.e. chr-chr + hν → chr+-chr-. Herein we explore this process in two dipyrrin-based bichromophoric systems. One of these bisdipyrrins involved a pair of BODIPY chromophores linked by a single bond at their meso-positions (compound 1) and the other involved two dipyrrin ligands coordinated in a tetrahedral geometry at the Zn2+ ion (compound 2). Both compounds show rapid SBCT in polar solvents and only dipyrrin based emission in nonpolar solvents, the latter arising from a dipyrrin localized excited sate (LE). By "tuning" the solvent polarity the equilibrium between the LE and SBCT states can be shifted to favor either state. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy (TA) was used to probe the kinetics of the charge transfer for 2 in solvents where the electron transfer is endergonic, exergonic and has a ΔG close to zero. Our TA derived rates were used to predict fluorescence efficiencies in each of the different solvent systems and showed a good correspondence to measured values. Detailed density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent DFT were used to model the ground states as well as the LE and SBCT states of 1 and 2, in both polar and nonpolar media. The ground and LE excited states show small dipole moments, while the SBCT states show dipole moments of 16.4 and 20.3 D for 1 and 2, respectively.
Randomized Study of the Duration of Treatment With Interferon Alfa-2B in Patients With Hairy Cell Leukemia (1988)

Several previous studies have demonstrated that both partially purified and recombinant alpha-interferons (alpha-IFNs) have high response rates in advanced hairy cell leukemia. However, the optimal dose and duration of therapy have not yet been defined. In this study, 90 patients were randomized after 12 months of IFN alfa-2b therapy with a standard dose of 2 X 10(6) U/m2 sc three times weekly to either no further therapy or an additional 6 months of therapy (18 mo total). There was no significant difference in the peripheral blood cell counts between the two groups (when analyzed) dating from the end of IFN therapy rather than from the time of randomization. Eighteen evaluable patients relapsed and were re-treated with IFN: 11 in the no-further-therapy group and 7 in the treated group. No patient was resistant to re-treatment with IFN. There was a significantly greater incidence of fatigue in the treated group (44% vs. 21%; P = .02) during the first 6 postrandomization months. We conclude that the duration of IFN therapy does not influence the clinical course after therapy is discontinued, but responses are maintained while patients receive therapy. However, because of a high incidence of fatigue with prolonged therapy and the ability to reinduce a second response, we recommend that IFN therapy be discontinued after 12 months in asymptomatic patients.
Temporal Bone Results and Hearing Preservation with a New Straight Electrode (2006)

Due to improved technology, cochlear implant (CI) candidacy has been widened towards patients with usable residual hearing in the low frequency range. These patients might benefit from additional acoustic amplification provided that residual hearing can be preserved with cochlear implantation. To provide a high probability of hearing preservation, a new electrode array was designed and developed at the Medizinische Hochschule Hannover. This 'Hybrid-L' electrode array has 22 electrodes spread over 15 mm with an overall insertion depth of 16 mm. The straight electrode with modiolus facing contacts is designed for a round window insertion. It shall provide the full range of the currently most advanced Nucleus CI system. A temporal bone study demonstrated the favorable insertion characteristics and minimized trauma to intracochlear structures. Compared to standard CI electrodes especially no basilar membrane perforation could be found. So far, 4 patients have been implanted and residual hearing could be preserved. One patient was fitted and showed a marked additional benefit from the electroacoustic stimulation compared to either acoustic or electrical stimulation alone. These results are very encouraging towards a concept of reliable hearing preservation with cochlear implantation.
A Novel Common-Gate Comparator with Auto-Zeroing Offset Cancellation (2022)

This paper presents a novel auto-zeroing common-gate comparator. This topology cancels the input-referred offset voltage by AC coupling the gates of the two input mosfets. The circuit operation is divided in two phases: in the first one, the circuit is in closed loop and samples the offset voltage as a voltage difference between two capacitors, while, in the second phase, the circuit is configured in open loop to compare the two input signals. Monte Carlo simulations run on a reference design in CMOS process shows that the offset standard deviation is reduced from 4. 42mV down to 25.85$\mu$V. The designed comparator shows a 290$\mu$W power consumption from a 5V supply, while occupying a total area of 0.0156m$\text{m}^{2}$.
Filamin links cell shape and cytoskeletal structure to Rho regulation by controlling accumulation of p190RhoGAP in lipid rafts (2007)

Cytoskeleton-dependent changes in the activity of the small GTPase Rho mediate the effects of cell shape on cell function; however, little is known about how cell spreading and related distortion of the cytoskeleton regulate Rho activity. Here we show that rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton associated with early phases of cell spreading in human microvascular endothelial (HMVE) cells suppress Rho activity by promoting accumulation of p190RhoGAP in lipid rafts where it exerts its Rho inhibitory activity. p190RhoGAP is excluded from lipid rafts and Rho activity increases when cell rounding is induced or the actin cytoskeleton is disrupted, and p190RhoGAP knockdown using siRNA prevents Rho inactivation by cell spreading. Importantly, cell rounding fails to prevent accumulation of p190RhoGAP in lipid rafts and to increase Rho activity in cells that lack the cytoskeletal protein filamin. Moreover, filamin is degraded in spread cells and cells that express a calpain-resistant form of filamin exhibit high Rho activity even when spread. Filamin may therefore represent the missing link that connects cytoskeleton-dependent changes of cell shape to Rho inactivation during the earliest phases of cell spreading by virtue of its ability to promote accumulation of p190RhoGAP in lipid rafts.
Parasitophorous vacuole membrane of Plasmodium knowlesi (1986)

The authors have evaluated the occurrence of host cell membrane protein and parasite protein in the vacuolar membrane (VM) of isolated parasites. Parasites were labeled by incorporation of (/sup 35/S)methionine and by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed /sup 125/I iodination. Of the two prominent /sup 125/I-labeled components, one, not detected by metabolic labeling corresponded in M/sub r/ to erythrocyte band 3 (90 kDa). Trypsinization of radioiodinated parasites for 5' or 20' yield a 35 kDa fragment, not seen in untreated samples and compatible with the trypsin degradation of band 3 from the cytoplasmic side. Tryptic peptide maps of the 35 kDa revealed a very acidic peptide corresponding to the highly anionic tryptic peptide of band 3 showed by others. The second prominent /sup 125/I-labeled VM protein had an M/sub r/ 74,000 corresponding to a protein metabolically labeled with (/sup 35/S)methionine, suggesting it is inserted into the VM by the parasites. Several less prominent proteins labeling with both (/sup 35/S)methionine and /sup 125/I were also detected (140 kDa, 55 kDa, 45 kDa). A faint /sup 125/I-labeled triple (220-230 kDa) is compatible with a trace amounts of spectrin, usually a prominent component of red cell membrane. The results indicate that host cell band 3 is amore » prominent component of the VM, but that this membrane also contains several parasite-synthesized proteins.« less
A novel PRKAR1A mutation associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in a young patient and a variable Carney complex phenotype in affected subjects in older generations (2008)

A novel PRKAR1A mutation with an apparently low penetrance and variable expression is reported; the same mutation is also associated with a hepatocellular carcinoma. This is the first time a PRKAR1A mutation is reported in individuals who were diagnosed with CNC after retrospective family screening and following the identification of a proband; the finding has implications for genetic counselling on PRKAR1A and/or CNC.
Mineral Coatings for Temporally Controlled Delivery of Multiple Proteins (2011)

Mineral coatings are presented as a temporally controllable protein release system on a common orthopedic device material, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Proteins are bound to coatings via electrostatic interactions and release of one or more proteins is temporally controlled in a predictable manner by modulating the physicochemical properties of mineral coatings, including morphology and dissolution rate.
Bootstrapping a Neural Conversational Agent with Dialogue Self-Play, Crowdsourcing and On-Line Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Pararth Shah, Dilek Hakkani-Tür, Bing Liu, Gokhan Tür. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 3 (Industry Papers). 2018.
Thermal annealing effects on the energy storage properties of BST ceramics (2017)

Abstract Thermal annealing treatments with different atmospheres (air, oxygen, and reducing atmospheres, respectively) were employed for the conventionally sintered (Ba 0.4 Sr 0.6 )TiO 3 (BST) ceramics. The effect of thermal annealing on the energy storage properties of BST ceramics was investigated, where oxygen vacancies played an important role. The dielectric loss, bulk resistivity and dielectric breakdown strength (BDS) were found to be sensitive to the annealing process, leading to the different energy densities in the range of 0.30‐0.80 J/cm 3 . Temperature‐dependent dielectric measurement and thermally stimulated depolarization current analysis were conducted to understand the impacts of oxygen vacancies on the macroscopic properties, which were found to be closely associated with the annealing conditions.
DeepCap: Monocular Human Performance Capture Using Weak Supervision (2020)

Human performance capture is a highly important computer vision problem with many applications in movie production and virtual/augmented reality. Many previous performance capture approaches either required expensive multi-view setups or did not recover dense space-time coherent geometry with frame-to-frame correspondences. We propose a novel deep learning approach for monocular dense human performance capture. Our method is trained in a weakly supervised manner based on multi-view supervision completely removing the need for training data with 3D ground truth annotations. The network architecture is based on two separate networks that disentangle the task into a pose estimation and a non-rigid surface deformation step. Extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations show that our approach outperforms the state of the art in terms of quality and robustness.
How machine learning can help select capping layers to suppress perovskite degradation (2020)

Environmental stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be improved by a thin layer of low-dimensional (LD) perovskite sandwiched between the perovskite absorber and the hole transport layer (HTL). This layer, called ‘capping layer,’ has mostly been optimized by trial and error. In this study, we present a machine-learning framework to rationally design and optimize perovskite capping layers. We ‘featurize’ 21 organic halide salts, apply them as capping layers onto methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) thin films, age them under accelerated conditions combining illumination and increased humidity and temperature, and determine features governing stability using random forest regression and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations). We find that a low number of hydrogen-bonding donors and a small topological polar surface area of the organic molecules correlate with increased MAPbI3 film stability. The top performing organic halide salt, phenyltriethylammonium iodide (PTEAI), successfully extends the MAPbI3 stability lifetime by 4±2 times over bare MAPbI3 and 1.3±0.3 times over state-of-the-art octylammonium bromide (OABr). Through morphological and synchrotron-based structural characterization, we found that this capping layer consists of a Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite structure and stabilizes the photoactive layer by “sealing off” the grain boundaries and changing the lead surface chemistry, through the suppression of lead (II) iodide (PbI2) formation and methylammonium loss.
Characterising the autoantibody repertoire in systemic sclerosis following myeloablative haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2023)

Our results suggest that HSCT favourably alters the autoantibody repertoire, which remains virtually unchanged in CTX-treated patients. Although antibodies recognising secreted proteins are generally thought to be pathogenic, our results suggest a subset could potentially modulate HSCT in scleroderma.
Elucidating Molecular Mass and Shape of a Neurotoxic Aβ Oligomer (2014)

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent type of dementia, has been associated with the accumulation of amyloid β oligomers (AβOs) in the central nervous system. AβOs vary widely in size, ranging from dimers to larger than 100 kDa. Evidence indicates that not all oligomers are toxic, and there is yet no consensus on the size of the actual toxic oligomer. Here we used NU4, a conformation-dependent anti-AβO monoclonal antibody, to investigate size and shape of a toxic AβO assembly. By using size-exclusion chromatography and immuno-based detection, we isolated an AβO-NU4 complex amenable for biochemical and morphological studies. The apparent molecular mass of the NU4-targeted oligomer was 80 kDa. Atomic force microscopy imaging of the AβO-NU4 complex showed a size distribution centered at 5.37 nm, an increment of 1.5 nm compared to the size of AβOs (3.85 nm). This increment was compatible with the size of NU4 (1.3 nm), suggesting a 1:1 oligomer to NU4 ratio. NU4-reactive oligomers extracted from AD human brain concentrated in a molecular mass range similar to that found for in vitro prepared oligomers, supporting the relevance of the species herein studied. These results represent an important step toward understanding the connection between AβO size and toxicity.
Long-wave IR femtosecond supercontinuum generation with Cr:ZnS lasers (2020)

We give an overview of experimental results on mid-IR femtosecond lasers and frequency combs based on polycrystalline Cr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> : ZnS providing access to few-cycle pulses in the spectral range 2-3 μm. We also discuss the techniques for generation of multi-octave coherent femtosecond continua with Cr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> : ZnS lasers.
Molecular modeling of the GM‐CSF and IL‐3 receptor complexes (1995)

A model for the structure of the cytokine interleukin-3 (IL-3) is presented based on the structural homology of the hematopoietic cytokines and utilizing the crystal structures of interleukin-5 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In addition, models of the receptor complexes of GM-CSF and IL-3 are presented based on the structural homology of the hematopoietic receptors to growth hormone. Several key interactions between the ligands and their receptors are discovered, some in agreement with previous mutagenesis studies and others that have not yet been the subject of mutagenesis studies. The models provide insights into the binding of GM-CSF and IL-3 to their receptors.
Continuous real-world inputs can open up alternative accelerator designs (2013)

Motivated by energy constraints, future heterogeneous multi-cores may contain a variety of accelerators, each targeting a subset of the application spectrum. Beyond energy, the growing number of faults steers accelerator research towards fault-tolerant accelerators.