gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Orthogonally rotated radiating array for improving heating uniformity in hyperthermia system (2015)

An orthogonally rotated radiating array applicator is proposed to enhance the therapeutic suitability of superficial hyperthermia treatment system. The proposed applicator provides an optimal heating effect to widely distributed tumors by configuring the orthogonal arrangement of radiating elements. Each element causes a destructive interference of electromagnetic field at the center of the array applicator, so as to prevent an overheating at the central region. The electric field and the specific absorption rate (SAR) are evenly formed with a circular-shaped distribution, which allows for the uniform heat deposition on the therapeutic area. The achieved ETA ratio is 152.6 %, corresponding to 44 % increase, as compared with the single element operation. The proposed hyperthermia applicator not only leads to a wide therapeutic coverage by the orthogonally rotated array configuration, but it also satisfies the thermal requirement for tumor necrosis.
Expressing antigen binding fragments with high titers in a targeted integration CHO host by optimizing expression vector gene copy numbers and position: A case study (2022)

Antigen binding fragments (Fab) are a promising class of therapeutics as they maintain high potency while having significantly smaller size relative to full-length antibodies. Because Fab molecules are aglycosylated, many expression platforms, including prokaryotic, yeast, and mammalian cells, have been developed for their expression, with Escherichia coli being the most commonly used Fab expression system. In this study, we have examined production of a difficult to express Fab molecule in a targeted integration (TI) Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) host. Without a need for extensive host or process optimization, as is usually required for E. coli, by simply using different vector configurations, clones with very high Fab expression titers were obtained. In this case, by increasing heavy chain (HC) gene copy numbers, clones with titers of up to 7.4 g/L in the standard fed-batch production culture were obtained. Our findings suggest that having a predetermined transgene integration site, as well as the option to optimize gene copy number/dosage, makes CHO TI hosts an effective system for expression of Fab molecules, allowing Fab expression using platform process and without significant process development efforts.
Operative and Nonoperative Treatment of Acromioclavicular Dislocation (2015)

Virk, M.S. MBBS1,a; Apostolakos, J. BS2,b; Cote, M.P. DPT, MSCTR2,c; Baker, B. BS2,d; Beitzel, K. MD3,e; Mazzocca, A.D. MD, MS2,f Author Information
Computational Drug Design Applied to the Study of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (2019)

Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are a family of eight GPCRs that are attractive drug discovery targets to modulate glutamate action and response. Here we review the application of computational methods to the study of this family of receptors. X-ray structures of the extracellular and 7-transmembrane domains have played an important role to enable structure-based modeling approaches, whilst we also discuss the successful application of ligand-based methods. We summarize the literature and highlight the areas where modeling and experiment have delivered important understanding for mGlu receptor drug discovery. Finally, we offer suggestions of future areas of opportunity for computational work.
Controlled release of chlorhexidine from a mesoporous silica-containing macroporous titanium dental implant prevents microbial biofilm formation (2017)

Roughened surfaces are increasingly being used for dental implant applications as the enlarged contact area improves bone cell anchorage, thereby facilitating osseointegration. However, the additional surface area also entails a higher risk for the development of biofilm associated infections, an etiologic factor for many dental ailments, including peri-implantitis. To overcome this problem, we designed a dental implant composed of a porous titanium-silica (Ti/SiO2) composite material and containing an internal reservoir that can be loaded with antimicrobial compounds. The composite material consists of a sol-gel derived mesoporous SiO2 diffusion barrier integrated in a macroporous Ti load-bearing structure obtained by powder metallurgical processing. The antimicrobial compounds can diffuse through the porous implant walls, thereby reducing microbial biofilm formation on the implant surface. A continuous release of µM concentrations of chlorhexidine through the Ti/SiO2 composite material was measured, without initial burst effect, over at least 10 days and using a 5 mM chlorhexidine solution in the implant reservoir. Metabolic staining, CFU counting and visualisation by scanning electron microscopy confirmed that Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation on the implant surface was almost completely prevented due to chlorhexidine release (preventive setup). Moreover, we demonstrated efficacy of released chlorhexidine against mature Streptococcus mutans biofilms (curative setup). In conclusion, we provide a proof of concept of the sustained release of chlorhexidine, one of the most widely used oral antiseptics, through the Ti/SiO2 material thereby preventing and eradicating biofilm formation on the surface of the dental implant. In principle, our flexible design allows for the use of any bioactive compound, as discussed.
Mianserin, a 5-HT2a/2c and α2 Antagonist, in the Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction Induced by Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (1997)

Sexual dysfunction is commonly encountered in patients treated with antidepressants. The exact mechanism responsible for the sexual impairment is as yet unclear, although activation of the serotonergic system has been implicated. In the present study, we examined the effect of the 5-HT2a/2c and alpha 2 antagonist mianserin in the treatment of patients with sexual dysfunction induced by serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs). Mianserin 15 mg was coadministered to 15 male subjects with new-onset sexual dysfunction who were under treatment with SRIs. Four major domains of sexual activity-desire, erection, orgasm, and satisfaction-were assessed once weekly for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, 9 of the 15 subjects reported a marked improvement in their sexual functioning, 2 reported partial improvement, and only 4 subjects showed no improvement at all. The beneficial effects were prominent in the areas of orgasm and satisfaction and were usually noted within the first and second week of mianserin treatment. The addition of mianserin to the treatment regimen was not associated with either improvement or worsening of the basic psychiatric clinical status. It appears that the coadministration of low-dose mianserin may be an additional option in the treatment of sexual dysfunction induced by SRIs.
CVD Synthesis of Hierarchical 3D MWCNT/Carbon‐Fiber Nanostructures (2008)

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized by CVD on industrially manufactured highly crystalline vapor‐grown carbon fibers (VGCFs). Two catalyst metals (Ni and Fe) and carbon precursor gases (C 2 H 2 and CO) were studied. The catalysts were deposited on the fibers by sputtering and experiments carried out in two different reactors. Samples were characterized by electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Iron was completely inactive as catalyst with both C 2 H 2 and CO for reasons discussed in the paper. The combination of Ni and C 2 H 2 was very active for secondary CNT synthesis, without any pretreatment of the fibers. The optimal temperature for CNT synthesis was 750 ∘ C, with total gas flow of 650 cm 3 min −1 of C 2 H 2 , H 2 , and Ar in 1.0:6.7:30 ratio.
157-nm lithography with extremely high numerical aperture lens for 45-nm technology node (2004)

The potential for extending the numerical aperture (NA) in order to develop devices beyond the 45-nm node has been investigated using a 157-nm microstepper exposure tool at 0.90NA (third generation) and verifying the resolution limit of several different resolution enhancement techniques. It was observed that with 157-nm lithography at 0.90NA a 60-nm line and space (L/S) and a 50-nm isolated line could be formed by using an attenuated phase shifting mask (Att-PSM), and that a 50-nm L/S and a 35-nm isolated line could be formed by using an alternating phase shifting mask (Alt-PSM). The influence of the flare for the same pattern sizes was more severe for the L/S pattern rather than isolated line. However, it was the most difficult to image an isolated line with an Att-PSM, which was limited with a tolerance to the flare of less than 1%. Furthermore, the requirement of more than 0.93 for lens NA was confirmed in order to fabricate half pitch 65-nm node device with Att-PSM and half pitch 45-nm node device with Alt-PSM. Results obtained in the pattern formation of 45-nm node with an Alt-PSM confirmed that a 35-nm line could be formed down to 140-nm pitch, a 40-nm line could be formed down to 135-nm pitch, and a 45-nm line could be formed down to 100-nm pitch. It has been demonstrated that 157-nm lithography could find application to half-pitch 65-nm and 45-nm node devices.
Continuous-wave vs. pulsed infrared laser stimulation of the rat prostate cavernous nerves (2011)

Optical nerve stimulation has recently been developed as an alternative to electrical nerve stimulation. However, recent studies have focused primarily on pulsed delivery of the laser radiation and at relatively low pulse rates. The objective of this study is to demonstrate faster optical stimulation of the prostate cavernous nerves using continuouswave (CW) infrared laser radiation, for potential diagnostic applications. A Thulium fiber laser (&lambda; = 1870 nm) was used for non-contact optical stimulation of the rat prostate cavernous nerves, in vivo. Optical nerve stimulation, as measured by an intracavernous pressure (ICP) response in the penis, was achieved with the laser operating in either CW mode, or with a 5-ms pulse duration at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100 Hz. Successful optical stimulation was observed to be primarily dependent on a threshold nerve temperature (42-45 &deg;C), not an incident fluence, as previously reported. CW optical nerve stimulation provides a significantly faster ICP response time using a laser with lower power output than pulsed stimulation. CW optical nerve stimulation may therefore represent an alternative mode of stimulation for intra-operative diagnostic applications where a rapid response is critical, such as identification of the cavernous nerves during prostate cancer surgery.
Comparison of Spectrally Narrow-Band Capture Versus Wide-Band with a Priori Sample Analysis for Spectral Reflectance Estimation (2000)

Two alternative systems for spectral reconstruction of scene reflectances are compared. Both approaches utilize a CCD camera modulated by a set of filters after which a system model is applied to derive a pixel-by-pixel estimation of scene reflectance spectra. The qualitative difference between the filter sets for the pair of approaches warrants the current comparison. The first approach, described in terms of spectral band pass, uses a set of minimally redundant filters extreme in contrast which pass highly localized radiation. The second approach is based on a set of shaped non-selective filters. Theoretically, an ideal implementation of the first, narrow-band, approach should deliver accurate reflectance estimation for any scene object, independent of the characterization scheme used to build the system model. The second, wide-band, approach has theoretical dependence on the relationship between scene colorants and system model assumptions. When a priori knowledge of the expected colorant makeup of a scene is used to steer the choice of color samples from which the system model is derived, the expected robustness of the wide-band approach is theoretically improved. Results from implementations of the two approaches are contrasted and differences between theoretical expectations and those obtained are discussed.
Hybrid Optical Wireless-mmWave: Ultra High-Speed Indoor Communications for Beyond 5G (2019)

We propose an ultrahigh speed indoor communication network using a novel cross spectrum and cross medium of optical fiber, millimeter-wave (mmWave), and optical wireless communications. As a proof of concept demonstration, 40-Gb/s mmWave signal in the 100-GHz band was successfully transmitted over a seamless fiber-optical wireless system. The proposed system can provide low-latency, spectral and energy-efficient, and cost-effective solution for future beyond 5G or 6G network evolution.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Closing Metathesis for the Synthesis of a Highly G‐Quadruplex Selective Macrocyclic Hexaoxazole Having Enhanced Cytotoxic Potency. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transmission vs Transverse Offset for Parabolic-Profile Fiber Splices With Unequal Core Diameters (1976)

A geometrical optics model is presented that is based on defining a local numerical aperture as a function of fiber radius with a uniform power distribution. Transmission vs transverse offset characteristics for parabolic-profile fiber splices are calculated for unequal fiber-core diameters. We show that the often-used assumptions of equal-mode excitation, equal-mode attenuation, and no-mode coupling are not adequate to calculate realistic transmission vs offset characteristics. Splice-loss measurements with long fiber lengths on each side of the splice show less than the calculated sensitivity to small offsets and greater than the calculated sensitivity to large offsets.
Performance characterization of mobile GP-GPUs (2015)

As smartphones and tablets have become more sophisticated, they now include General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GP GPUs) that can be used for computation beyond driving the high-resolution screens. To use them effectively, the programmer needs to have a clear sense of their microarchitecture, which in some cases is hidden by the manufacturer. In this paper we unearth key microarchitectural parameters of the Qualcomm Adreno 320 and 420 GP GPUs, present in one of the key SoCs in the industry, the Snapdragon series of chips.
SLStudio: Open-source framework for real-time structured light (2014)

An open-source framework for real-time structured light is presented. It is called “SLStudio”, and enables real-time capture of metric depth images. The framework is modular, and extensible to support new algorithms for scene encoding/decoding, triangulation, and aquisition hardware. It is the aim that this software makes real-time 3D scene capture more widely accessible and serves as a foundation for new structured light scanners operating in real-time, e.g. 20 depth images per second and more. The use cases for such scanners are plentyfull, however due to the computational constraints, all public implementations so far are limited to offline processing. With “SLStudio”, we are making a platform available which enables researchers from many different fields to build application specific real time 3D scanners. The software is hosted at http://compute.dtu.dk/~jakw/slstudio.
Electrostatic spectral tuning mechanism of the green fluorescent protein (2013)

Understanding the mechanism of spectral tuning of biological chromophores is a major challenge in photobiology. We show here using large-scale full quantum chemical calculations of the green fluorescent protein that state-of-the-art coupled-cluster calculations provide accurate excitation energies and detailed insight about specific environmental effects. We obtain vertical excitation energies of 3.13 eV (396 nm) and 2.68 eV (463 nm), which are in quantitative agreement with the experimental absorption energies of 3.12 eV (397 nm) and 2.61 eV (475 nm) for the A- and B-forms of the protein. We find that the protein environment redshifts the absorption spectra by ∼0.56 eV and ∼0.22 eV for the two states, which can be attributed to ∼80% electrostatic effects and ∼20% steric effects.
Photorefractive Properties of Bisphenol-A-4,4'-Nitroaminostilbene Mixed with Diethylaminobenzaldehyde-Diphenyl Hydrazone (1993)

We report the photorefractive properties of a new polymer mixture composed of 40 wt. % benzaldehyde-diphenyl hydrazone dissolved in Bisphenol A 4,4'-nitroaminostilbene. The polymer has a response time of 0.11±0.02 sec at 1 W/cm2, an overall photorefractive sensitivity (index change per unit absorbed energy density) of 1.8±0.5 × 10 −6 cm3/J.
Decision Making With Uncertainty While Developing Multiple Gas/Condensate Reservoirs: Well Count and Pipeline Optimization (2007)

Summary Well-developed methodology exists for handling uncertainty for a single reservoir. However, development of multiple fields presents a significant challenge when uncertainty in a large number of variables, such as gas in place and liquid yield, occur in each reservoir. Some of the challenges stem from our need to forecast the system behavior involving a coupled reservoir/wellbore/surface (CRWS) network for the entire spectrum of variables so that facilities can be designed for the range of fluid composition and throughput. Of course, assessing well count and sequencing well drills are some of the important objectives. This paper describes probabilistic production forecasting with a compositional CRWS network model for nine reservoirs involved in delivering gas supply to a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Nigeria. Our main objective was to use an economic indicator to select the optimal design of two main pipelines, each transporting 200 and 300 MMscf/D from the two production platforms, located 15 and 5 km, respectively, from the processing platform. Rate and cumulative profiles showed that sustained deliverability of gas could be realized for approximately 11 years before the decline occurred in high-permeability reservoirs. In other words, uncertainty in gas in place did not surface during the plateau period, only during the decline period lasting another 5 years after the first 11. In contrast, the liquid rates exhibited a large uncertainty band throughout, a direct manifestation of the condensate yield issue. The uncertainty band among each of the 12 components aided facilities design. Differences in net present value (NPV) and discounted profitability index (DPI) were used as discriminators for discerning optimal pipe size from the standpoint of project economics.
Granular dynamics simulation for estimating elastic properties of loose unconsolidated frictional packs (2008)

In this work, we discuss the use of granular dynamics simulation for simulating elastic properties of loose unconsolidated frictional packs under periodic boundary conditions. The granular packs simulated in this case are of glass beads. We also discuss the use of fabric tensor to characterize orientation distributions of contact normals in computational packs. The computed bulk moduli with pressure are compared with laboratory measurements of glass beads and are found to be comparable. We also obtain the eigenvalues of fabric tensor which are used to understand the strength and shape variation in the granular packs.
Surgical Smoke Dehazing and Color Reconstruction (2021)

Smoke in minimally invasive robotic surgeries appears during the cauterization of vessels and dissection of tissues. The smoke obstructs the field of view of the surgeon in real-time surgeries. Use of energy instruments for smoke removal have their own limitations. Many dehazing or desmoking algorithms reported induce color distortions and artifacts, which can mislead the surgeons. In this paper, a workflow for smoke dehazing and color restoration is proposed. We automate the process of air-light estimation using smoke features which is the key parameter for dehazing. To reduce color artifacts a color normalization is applied to the dehazed image using the detected non-smoky reference image. The results of the proposed approach shows a reduction in color artifacts and outperforms other methods reported in the literature.
Method of fabricating a homogeneous wire of inter-metallic alloy (2023)

A method for fabricating a homogeneous wire of inter-metallic alloy comprising the steps of providing a base-metal wire bundle comprising a metal, an alloy or a combination thereof; working the wire bundle through at least one die to obtain a desired dimension and to form a precursor wire; and, controllably heating the precursor wire such that a portion of the wire will become liquid while simultaneously maintaining its desired shape, whereby substantial homogenization of the wire occurs in the liquid state and additional homogenization occurs in the solid state resulting in a homogenous alloy product.
Reviews (1981)

Illusions of equality. By David E. Cooper. Pp. x, 178. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980. £8.95. Educative Democracy: John Stuart Mill on Education and Society. By F. W. Garforth. Pp. viii, 256. Oxford: The University Press, 1980. £8.95. Values and Evaluation in Education. Ed. by Roger Straughan and Jack Wrigley, Pp. 246. London: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1980. £4.25 and $11.25 paperback. Literacy: Writing, Reading and Social Organisation. By John Oxenham. Pp. x, 141. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980. £6.95 (cloth); £3.95 (paper). Adult Literacy and Broadcasting: the BBCs Experience. By David Hargreaves. Pp. ix, 258. London: Frances Pinter (Publishers) Ltd. 1980. £10.00. Higher Education for the Future. By Charles Carter. Pp. ix, 149. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1980. £7.50. Further Education or Training? A Case Study in the Theory and Practice of Day‐Release Education. By D. Gleeson and G. Mardle. Henley‐on‐Thames: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980. £9.50. The Impact of Research on Policy and Practice in Education. By John Nisbet and Patricia Broadfoot. Pp. viii, 86. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1980. £5.50. Models of Moral Education: an Appraisal. By R. H. Hersh, J. P. Miller and G. D. Fielding. Pp. 212, New: Longman, 1980. £4.50. Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Schools in England and Wales 1860–1870. By J. E. Dunford. Pp. 95. Leeds: Museum of the History of Education, University of Leeds, 1980. £3.50. Bias in Mental Testing. By Arthur R. Jensen. Pp. xv, 786. London : Methuen, 1980. £15.00. English Teaching Since 1965: How Much Growth? By David Allen. Pp 147. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1980. £4.25.
Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Challenges and Controversies (1997)

This book is both a reader friendly resource and a fine textbook on multiple sclerosis. It has broad use in the field of the complex neurologic disease and reflects a broad perspective on care issues, research, and quality of life. Its contributors and editors are world-renowned clinicians and researchers who are MS experts; its contents range from basic science to clinical management and clinical trials to outcome studies.
Real time trajectory optimization for hybrid energy management utilizing connected information technologies (2023)

The disclosure is directed to solving a full trajectory optimization problem in real-time for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) such that future driving conditions and energy usage may be fully considered in determining optimal engine energy usage and battery energy usage in real-time during a trip. An electronic control unit of the HEV may be configured to: receive route information for a route to be driven by the HEV; and after receiving the route information, iterating the operations of: measuring a current state of charge (SOC) of the battery; using at least the measured SOC and an initial co-state value stored in a memory, performing a process to iteratively update the co-state value to obtain an updated co-state value; using at least the updated co-state value, computing an updated control value; and applying the updated control value to control a usage of the battery and the internal combustion engine.