gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic Nose for Detecting Strawberry Fruit Maturity (2010)

An electronic nose (e-nose) composed of 18 different metal oxide gas sensors was used to characterize the volatile patterns of ‘Strawberry Festival’ and ‘Florida Radiance’ strawberry fruit at five developmental stages: white, half red, three-quarter red, full ripe, and overripe. Strawberry samples were harvested at three harvest dates from early February to the end of March. Three-gram aliquots of strawberry puree were employed for headspace sampling in 10-mL vials, which were incubated at 40 °C for 2 min prior to analysis. Volatiles from each sample were sampled for 2 min with data acquisition every second. After analysis, there was an 18-min delay for sensor recovery. E-nose sensor data was reproducible with 90% of sensor responses having relative standard deviations of less than 10%. Sensors P30/1, T30/1, and P30/2 were the major differentiating sensors for strawberry maturity as indicated by their loadings on the first principal component (PC1). Immature and less mature fruit were well separated from full ripe and overripe fruit on PC1, regardless of cultivar. Harvest date was separated primarily by the second principal component. E-nose volatile patterns of ‘Strawberry Festival’ and ‘Florida Radiance’ strawberry cultivars were separated at identical stages of development. E-nose technology has the potential to monitor strawberry maturity and fruit quality.
A Taql RFLP at the DRD1 locus (1991)

A 1.2 kb EcoRI fragment of the endothelin-l (EDN1) cDNA, derived from the 5' end, was used as a probe. The EDN1 cDNA consists of this 1.2 kb and at least two identical 0.9 kb EcoRI fragments, inserted in pUC13 (1). Polymorphism: Hybridization of human genomic DNA digested with TaqI identifies a four allele polymorphism with bands at 5.8 kb (allele 1), 7.7 kb (allele 2), 3.4 and 2.0 kb (allele 3), 3.1 and 2.4 kb (allele 4). Frequency: Evaluated in 98 unrelated Caucasians: Allele 1: 0.694; Allele 2: 0.265; Allele 3: 0.005; Allele 4: 0.036. Not Polymorphic For: BglI
Potential Technical and Cost Benefits of Two-Lift Concrete Paving (2019)

Two-lift concrete paving (2LCP) involves placing two layers of concrete (wet-on-wet) instead of a single homogeneous layer. The practice not only allows the use of local aggregates that might not be suitable for conventional concrete pavement but also provides opportunities for incorporating recycled materials and higher levels of supplemental cementitious materials to produce an economical and sustainable pavement. More importantly, the practice can also produce more durable concrete pavements for either airfield or highway applications through the optimization of top lift mixture design, as well as with desirable surface characteristics including improved skid resistance and reduced noise. The presentation discussed the potential technical benefits of 2LCP. While 2LCP is likely to result in increased construction costs associated with additional equipment, labor, and scheduling effort, potential savings from the use of lower-quality, less expensive concrete and aggregate in the bottom lift could be sufficient to offset the additional costs. According to cost information collected from recently constructed 2LCP projects in the United States, a case-based cost analysis was also performed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the 2LCP practice. Through information collected from an extensive literature review, surveys, and interviews, a summary of the benefits of 2LCP from technical and cost-effectiveness perspectives was provided to justify the implementation of the 2LCP concept.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Methyldeoxybenzoins. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Glycolysis as Primary Energy Source in Tumor Cell Chemotaxis (1990)

The energy requirements via glycolytic pathways were directly measured in migrating tumor cells. Motility in the metastatic human melanoma cell line A2058, stimulated by insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I), depends on glycolysis in the presence of glucose as its principal source of energy. Motility in glucose-free medium was 75% reduced and utilized mitochondrial respiration (inhibited by oligomycin). With increasing (physiologic) glucose concentrations, there was a dramatic shift to anaerobic glycolysis as the energy source and 93% elimination of the oligomycin inhibition of motility. Oxamate, an inhibitor of glycolysis, inhibited motility at all glucose concentrations. CO2 production from glycolysis and from the hexose monophosphate shunt was measured in migrating tumor cells. The time course and glucose-dose dependence of glycolytic CO2 production correlated directly with motility. In contrast, mitochondrial CO2 production was inversely related to glucose concentration. A monoclonal antibody for the IGF-I receptor inhibited both motility and glycolytic CO2 production, indicating that both processes are receptor mediated.
Beyond spiking networks: the computational advantages of dendritic amplification and input segregation (2022)

The brain can efficiently learn a wide range of tasks, motivating the search for biologically inspired learning rules for improving current artificial intelligence technology. Most biological models are composed of point neurons, and cannot achieve the state-of-the-art performances in machine learning. Recent works have proposed that segregation of dendritic input (neurons receive sensory information and higher-order feedback in segregated compartments) and generation of high-frequency bursts of spikes would support error backpropagation in biological neurons. However, these approaches require propagating errors with a fine spatio-temporal structure to the neurons, which is unlikely to be feasible in a biological network. To relax this assumption, we suggest that bursts and dendritic input segregation provide a natural support for biologically plausible target-based learning, which does not require error propagation. We propose a pyramidal neuron model composed of three separated compartments. A coincidence mechanism between the basal and the apical compartments allows for generating high-frequency bursts of spikes. This architecture allows for a burst-dependent learning rule, based on the comparison between the target bursting activity triggered by the teaching signal and the one caused by the recurrent connections, providing the support for target-based learning. We show that this framework can be used to efficiently solve spatio-temporal tasks, such as the store and recall of 3D trajectories. Finally, we suggest that this neuronal architecture naturally allows for orchestrating ``hierarchical imitation learning'', enabling the decomposition of challenging long-horizon decision-making tasks into simpler subtasks. This can be implemented in a two-level network, where the high-network acts as a ``manager'' and produces the contextual signal for the low-network, the ``worker''.
Sharing renewable energy in smart microgrids (2013)

Renewable energy harvested from the environment is an attractive option for providing green energy to homes. Unfortunately, the intermittent nature of renewable energy results in a mismatch between when these sources generate energy and when homes demand it. This mismatch reduces the efficiency of using harvested energy by either i) requiring batteries to store surplus energy, which typically incurs ~20% energy conversion losses; or ii) using net metering to transmit surplus energy via the electric grid's AC lines, which severely limits the maximum percentage of possible renewable penetration. In this paper, we propose an alternative structure wherein nearby homes explicitly share energy with each other to balance local energy harvesting and demand in microgrids. We develop a novel energy sharing approach to determine which homes should share energy, and when, to minimize system-wide efficiency losses. We evaluate our approach in simulation using real traces of solar energy harvesting and home consumption data from a deployment in Amherst, MA. We show that our system i) reduces the energy loss on the AC line by 60% without requiring large batteries, ii) scales up performance with larger battery capacities, and iii) is robust to changes in microgrid topology.
Quasi-phase-matched acceleration of electrons in a corrugated plasma channel (2012)

A laser pulse propagating in a corrugated plasma channel is composed of spatial harmonics whose phase velocities can be subluminal. The phase velocity of a spatial harmonic can be matched to the speed of a relativistic electron resulting in direct acceleration by the guided laser field in a plasma waveguide and linear energy gain over the interaction length. Here we examine the fully self-consistent interaction of the laser pulse and electron beam using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. For low electron beam densities, we find that the ponderomotive force of the laser pulse pushes plasma channel electrons towards the propagation axis, which deflects the beam electrons. When the beam density is high, the space charge force of the beam drives the channel electrons off axis, providing collimation of the beam. In addition, we consider a ramped density profile for lowering the threshold energy for trapping in a subluminal spatial harmonic. By using a density ramp, the trapping energy for a normalized vector potential of ${a}_{0}=0.1$ is reduced from a relativistic factor ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}=170$ to ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}=20$.
Neuroimmune Responses Mediate Depression-Related Behaviors following Acute Colitis (2019)

Many patients with visceral inflammation develop pain and psychiatric comorbidities such as major depressive disorder, worsening the quality of life and increasing the risk of suicide. Here we show that neuroimmune activation in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis is accompanied by the development of pain and depressive behaviors. Importantly, treatment with the flavonoid luteolin prevented both neuroimmune responses and behavioral abnormalities, suggesting a new potential therapeutic approach for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
A liposomal steroid nano-drug for treating systemic lupus erythematosus (2016)

This significant superiority of our liposome based steroidal nano-drug administered weekly compared with daily injections of free methylprednisolone hemisuccinate in suppressing murine lupus indicates this glucocorticoid nano-drug formulation may be a good candidate for the treatment of human SLE.
Interleukin‐12 acts as an adjuvant for humoral immunity through interferon‐γ‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms (1997)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a pivotal cytokine that has dramatic effects on cell-mediated immunity. It is now becoming increasingly recognized that IL-12 also strongly controls humoral immunity. We have investigated the mechanism by which IL-12 induces alterations in antibody isotype expression by determining the influence of IL-12 on in vitro immunoglobulin (Ig) production in polyclonally activated murine spleen cell cultures. Cells exposed to IL-12 plus lipopolysaccharide or anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody showed dramatically elevated IgG2a and suppressed IgG1 production compared to cells cultured in the absence of IL-12. IL-12 treatment of spleen cell cultures induced expression of gamma2a germ-line transcripts, consistent with initiation of switch recombination to IgG2a. In addition, exposure of limiting dilution cultures to IL-12 increased IgG2a+ cell precursor frequency. All of the above results were dependent on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). However, in the absence of IFN-gamma, IL-12 still had significant effects on Ig secretion. Specifically, IL-12 enhanced IgG1 and IgG2b anti-DNP antibody levels in mice containing specific disruptions in the IFN-gamma gene. Our results suggest that IL-12 induces T helper type 1 and natural killer cells to secrete large amounts of IFN-gamma which then causes B cells to switch to IgG2a and IgG3 production. In addition, IL-12 has direct or indirect effects on B cells that are independent of IFN-gamma. The IFN-gamma-independent effects may include enhancement of Ig expression by post-switched cells.
A Label-Free Potentiometric Sensor Principle for the Detection of Antibody–Antigen Interactions (2013)

We report here on a new potentiometric biosensing principle for the detection of antibody-antigen interactions at the sensing membrane surface without the need to add a label or a reporter ion to the sample solution. This is accomplished by establishing a steady-state outward flux of a marker ion from the membrane into the contacting solution. The immunobinding event at the sensing surface retards the marker ion, which results in its accumulation at the membrane surface and hence in a potential response. The ion-selective membranes were surface-modified with an antibody against respiratory syncytial virus using click chemistry between biotin molecules functionalized with a triple bond and an azide group on the modified poly (vinyl chloride) group of the membrane. The bioassay sensor was then built up with streptavidin and subsequent biotinylated antibody. A quaternary ammonium ion served as the marker ion. The observed potential was found to be modulated by the presence of respiratory syncytial virus bound on the membrane surface. The sensing architecture was confirmed with quartz crystal microbalance studies, and stir effects confirmed the kinetic nature of the marker release from the membrane. The sensitivity of the model sensor was compared to that of a commercially available point-of-care test, with promising results.
Search for dark matter and other new phenomena in events with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum using the ATLAS detector (2018)

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb -1 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are required to have at least one jet with a transverse momentum above 250 GeV and no leptons (e or ). Several signal regions are considered with increasing requirements on the missing transverse momentum above 250 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model predictions. The results are translated into exclusion limits in models with pair-produced weakly interacting dark-matter candidates, large extra spatial dimensions, and supersymmetric particles in several compressed scenarios.
Single step signal group-imidazole labeling of organic phosphate groups under aqueous conditions (2023)

Compounds and methods for single step, covalent labeling of the phosphate group of an organic substance under aqueous conditions are described. The labeling compound includes any kind of detectable signal group covalently bound to an imidazole moiety, which can be imidazole or a substituted imidazole. A preferred labeling compound has the formula ##STR1##
Use of multichannel electrointestinography for noninvasive assessment of myoelectrical activity in the cecum and large colon of horses (2008)

In horses, EIG was useful for assessment of changes in myoelectrical activity in the cecum and large colon. Multiple electrodes should be used to cover a larger area of the intestine, and agreement between multiple channels is needed to make the analysis meaningful.
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Update on the New World Health Organization Classification (2017)

The first classification of the pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) that characterized the individual tumor by criteria with prognostic significance appeared in 1995. These criteria included a distinction by site and size, by degree of histological differentiation (well vs poor), by function (with and without hormonal syndrome), by angioinvasion, and by metastatic spread. The subsequently developed World Health Organization classifications in 2000, 2004, and 2010 largely followed this concept, but added proliferative activity as the best criterion reflecting tumor growth. In 2010, the classification combined histological differentiation with stratification into 3 tiers of proliferative activity, mainly using Ki67 as the most reliable measure of proliferation. The predictive value of this classification and grading system that was soon accompanied by an adequate TNM staging system has proved to be so excellent that all major treatment options of PanNENs, as well as extrapancreatic NENs, have been currently based on this classification. The new World Health Organization 2017 classification is a refinement of the previous version. Its main change is the introduction of a “pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor grade 3” category to recognize grade-discordant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and distinguish them from pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas, which are defined by their poorly differentiated nature. There is increasing evidence that this phenotypical classification of PanNENs allows a targeted molecular analysis, which is going to broaden our understanding of the tumors' biology.
BER Performance Analysis of MC-CDMA with Overlap FDE (2006)

Recently, multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) has been attracting much attention as a broadband wireless access technique for the next generation mobile communication systems. Frequency-domain equalization (FDE) based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion can take advantage of the channel frequency-selectivity and improve the average bit error rate (BER) performance due to frequency-diversity gain. The conventional FDE requires the insertion of the guard interval (GI) to avoid the inter-block interference (IBI), resulting in the transmission efficiency loss. In this paper, an overlap FDE technique, which requires no GI insertion, is presented for MC-CDMA transmission. An expression for the conditional BER is derived for the given set of channel gains. The average BER performance in a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel is evaluated by Monte-Carlo numerical computation method using the derived conditional BER and is confirmed by computer simulation of the signal transmission.
mTOR Mediates Survival Signals in Malignant Mesothelioma Grown as Tumor Fragment Spheroids (2008)

Solid tumors such as mesothelioma exhibit a stubborn resistance to apoptosis that may derive from survival pathways, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, that are activated in many tumors, including mesothelioma. To address the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, we used a novel approach to study mesothelioma ex vivo as tumor fragment spheroids. Freshly resected mesothelioma tissue from 15 different patients was grown in vitro as 1- to 2-mm-diameter fragments, exposed to apoptotic agents for 48 hours with or without PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors, and doubly stained for cytokeratin and cleaved caspase 3 to identify apoptotic mesothelioma cells. Mesothelioma cells within the tumor spheroids exhibited striking resistance to apoptotic agents such as TRAIL plus gemcitabine that were highly effective against monolayers. In a majority of tumors (67%; 10 of 15), apoptotic resistance could be reduced by more than 50% by rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, but not by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. Responsiveness to rapamycin correlated with staining for the mTOR target, p-S6K, in the original tumor, but not for p-Akt. As confirmation of the role of mTOR, siRNA knockdown of S6K reproduced the effect of rapamycin in three rapamycin-responsive tumors. Finally, in 37 mesotheliomas on tissue microarray, p-S6K correlated only weakly with p-Akt, suggesting the existence of Akt-independent regulation of mTOR. We propose that mTOR mediates survival signals in many mesothelioma tumors. Inhibition of mTOR may provide a nontoxic adjunct to therapy directed against malignant mesothelioma, especially in those with high baseline expression of p-S6K.
How the study of children with rheumatic diseases identified interferon‐α and interleukin‐1 as novel therapeutic targets (2008)

Our studies in children with rheumatic diseases have led to the identification of two of the oldest cytokines, type I interferon (IFN) and interleukin 1 (IL-1), as important pathogenic players in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic onset juvenile arthritis (SoJIA), respectively. These findings were obtained by studying the transcriptional profiles of patient blood cells and by assessing the biological and transcriptional effect(s) of active patient sera on healthy blood cells. We also identified a signature that can be used to promptly diagnose SoJIA from other febrile conditions. Finally, our pilot clinical trials using IL-1 blockers have shown remarkable clinical benefits in SoJIA patients refractory to other medications.
Differential Effects of Chitooligosaccharides on Serum Cytokine Levels in Aged Subjects (2006)

Free amine chitooligosaccharides (FACOS, Kitto Life, Seoul, Republic of Korea) with an average molecular mass of 3.5 kDa were efficiently produced using an ultrafiltration membrane reactor system. To evaluate the effect of chitooligosaccharides on serum cytokine levels in elderly adults after oral intake, 5.1 g/day of FACOS was given to elderly (age range, 74-86 years; mean, 80 +/- 3 years) volunteers during an 8-week experimental period. Interleukin (IL)-12 and interferonã levels were significantly higher in the FACOS group than in the control group (P < .05). However, levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha decreased after FACOS intake during the experimental period. The results of this study suggest that the oral intake of chitooligosaccharides may have beneficial effects on specific cell-mediated immunity while also acting as an anti-inflammatory agent in aged subjects.
Effects of Language Modeling and its Personalization on Touchscreen Typing Performance (2015)

Modern smartphones correct typing errors and learn user-specific words (such as proper names). Both techniques are useful, yet little has been published about their technical specifics and concrete benefits. One reason is that typing accuracy is difficult to measure empirically on a large scale. We describe a closed-loop, smart touch keyboard (STK) evaluation system that we have implemented to solve this problem. It includes a principled typing simulator for generating human-like noisy touch input, a simple-yet-effective decoder for reconstructing typed words from such spatial data, a large web-scale background language model (LM), and a method for incorporating LM personalization. Using the Enron email corpus as a personalization test set, we show for the first time at this scale that a combined spatial-language model reduces word error rate from a pre-model baseline of 38.4% down to 5.7%, and that LM personalization can improve this further to 4.6%.
Acute acalculous cholecystitis during zika virus infection in an immunocompromised patient (2017)

he focus of the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak has been on the predilection for infection of the central nervous system (CNS). ( Broader impact of ZIKV, including non-CNS involvement, is not well understood. We report a patient with acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC), which occurred during ZIKV acute infection.
Variable-block-size lapped transforms (1996)

A structure for implementing lapped transforms with time-varying block sizes that allows full orthogonality of the transient transforms is presented. The formulation is based on a factorization of the transfer matrix into orthogonal factors. Such an approach can be viewed as a sequence of stages with variable-block-size transforms separated by sample-shuffling (delay) stages. Details and design examples for a first-order system are presented.