gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Film Condensation of R-134a and R-236fa, Part 1: Experimental Results and Predictive Correlation for Single-Row Condensation on Enhanced Tubes (2010)

New predictive methods for falling film condensation on vertical arrays of horizontal tubes using different refrigerants are proposed, based on visual observations revealing that condensate is slung off the array of tubes sideways and significantly affects condensate inundation and thus the heat transfer process. For two types of three-dimensional enhanced tubes, advanced versions of the Wolverine Turbo-C and Wieland Gewa-C tubes, the local heat flux is correlated as a function of condensation temperature difference, the film Reynolds number, the tube spacing, and liquid slinging effect. The proposed methods work best when using R-134a, as these tubes were designed with this refrigerant in mind.
Long-term Outcomes With Islet-Alone and Islet-After-Kidney Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes in the Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium: The CIT-08 Study (2022)

Islet transplantation results in durable islet graft survival permitting achievement of glycemic targets in the absence of severe hypoglycemia for most appropriately indicated recipients having impaired awareness of hypoglycemia, with acceptable safety of added immunosuppression for both islet-alone and islet-after-kidney transplantation.
Coronary angioplasty performed within the thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction II study. (1992)

These observations do not necessarily apply to patients undergoing primary PTCA (or PTCA after other thrombolytic agents); however, they do offer a unique yardstick against which to evaluate the results of PTCA in myocardial infarction.
Systematic Review of Cholinesterase Inhibitors on Cognition and Behavioral Symptoms in Patients of Chinese Descent with Alzheimer’s Disease, Vascular Dementia, or Mixed Dementia (2017)

Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are the primary pharmacologic treatment for dementia. Their efficacy in patients of Chinese descent is not well described. We reviewed how ChEIs could affect cognition and behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) in Chinese patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), or mixed (AD with vascular component) dementia. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and CINAHL were systematically searched for controlled trials of ChEIs, including donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine, for Chinese patients with AD, VaD, or mixed dementia. Outcomes for cognition and BPSD were extracted for discussion. Fifty-four studies were identified. While one larger study found that dementia patients of Chinese descent treated with ChEIs had significantly higher mean Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, other studies showed no significant difference. Evidence on BPSD after use of ChEIs was also conflicting. ChEIs may be effective in improving cognition among patients of Chinese descent with dementia. Further studies are needed to examine the possible effects of ChEIs on BPSD in Chinese patients with dementia in view of the small number of studies and limitations in their methodologies.
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes based near-infrared radiation source (2020)

Emerging Near-InfraRed (NIR) spectroscopic applications such as biomedical, agrofood, health &amp; beauty and in-line industrial applications require compact and low-cost miniaturized spectrometers. One of the main elements for such devices is the wideband light source, which can be ultimately in the form of an integrated source. In this work, we report a Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) NIR source for operation with a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) FTIR spectrometer. The source consists of joule micro heater machined on a highly doped silicon substrate, where the heater surrounds an active area. The micro heater is made of a platinum film sputtered on silicon with a thin titanium layer used as an adhesion layer. The chips are singulated then the MWCNTs are plotted in the active area. The SonoPlot® Microplotter II is used to plot a multi-layered 4x4 mm<sup>2</sup> MWCNTs thin film with a layer thickness of about 1μm in the active area. A voltage difference is applied to the designated pads on the chip, allowing uniform heating of the square area containing the MWCNTs. The MEMS FTIR spectrometer is used to measure the emitted power spectral density (PSD) from the source with and without the plotting of the MWCNTs thin film. The micro-plotting of the MWCNTs over the silicon substrate improved the PSD recorded by the spectrometer. The reported results show that an engineered light source based on MWCNTs and silicon serves as a good candidate for miniaturized spectrometers.
Broadband Carbon-13 Correlation Spectra of Microcrystalline Proteins in Very High Magnetic Fields (2009)

PARIS recoupling irradiation, despite a low rf amplitude, can promote efficient magnetization transfer during solid-state NMR experiments at 900 MHz over a wide range of differences in isotropic chemical shifts in microcrystalline proteins.
Cost evaluation of amplification strategies for WDM mixed-line-rate networks (2015)

In this paper, different amplification strategies are evaluated to improve the cost efficiency per GHz (CEPG) of WDM mixed-line-rate networks with 40G/100G/200G/400G in a nation-wide network topology. Significant improvements in CEPG and overall capacity increases can be achieved by the selective placement of additional in-line amplifiers. Placing additional in-line hybrid Raman/EDFA in existing networks can improve CEPG up to 17% and nearly double the effective capacity of the network.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Ketocarbonyls for a Totally Regioselective Oxidative Multicomponent Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Pyridines. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interpretable Multimodal Routing for Human Multimodal Language. (2020)

The human language has heterogeneous sources of information, including tones of voice, facial gestures, and spoken language. Recent advances introduced computational models to combine these multimodal sources and yielded strong performance on human-centric tasks. Nevertheless, most of the models are often black-box, which comes with the price of lacking interpretability. In this paper, we propose Multimodal Routing to separate the contributions to the prediction from each modality and the interactions between modalities. At the heart of our method is a routing mechanism that represents each prediction as a concept, i.e., a vector in a Euclidean space. The concept assumes a linear aggregation from the contributions of multimodal features. Then, the routing procedure iteratively 1) associates a feature and a concept by checking how this concept agrees with this feature and 2) updates the concept based on the associations. In our experiments, we provide both global and local interpretation using Multimodal Routing on sentiment analysis and emotion prediction, without loss of performance compared to state-of-the-art methods. For example, we observe that our model relies mostly on the text modality for neutral sentiment predictions, the acoustic modality for extremely negative predictions, and the text-acoustic bimodal interaction for extremely positive predictions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isoquinolines and Pyridines by the Palladium/Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling and Cyclization of Terminal Acetylenes and Unsaturated Imines: The Total Synthesis of Decumbenine B. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Renal endothelin-1 is linked to changes in urinary salt and volume in essential hypertension. Salt Sensitivity Group of the Italian Society of Hypertension. (2000)

The renal excretion of ET-1 is influenced by changes in salt intake and appears largely independent of the blood pressure response to salt. Changes in urinary volume which accompany variations in salt excretion play an important role in this response. Since urinary ET-1 reflects its renal synthesis, our data support the notion that renal ET-1 plays a role in the regulation of sodium balance in patients with mild hypertension.
Natural Barcodes for Longitudinal Single Cell Tracking of Leukemic and Immune Cell Dynamics (2022)

Blood malignancies provide unique opportunities for longitudinal tracking of disease evolution following therapeutic bottlenecks and for the monitoring of changes in anti-tumor immunity. The expanding development of multi-modal single-cell sequencing technologies affords newer platforms to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these processes at unprecedented resolution. Furthermore, the identification of molecular events that can serve as <i>in-vivo</i> barcodes now facilitate the tracking of the trajectories of malignant and of immune cell populations over time within primary human samples, as these permit unambiguous identification of the clonal lineage of cell populations within heterogeneous phenotypes. Here, we provide an overview of the potential for chromosomal copy number changes, somatic nuclear and mitochondrial DNA mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and T and B cell receptor sequences to serve as personal natural barcodes and review technical implementations in single-cell analysis workflows. Applications of these methodologies include the study of acquired therapeutic resistance and the dissection of donor- and host cellular interactions in the context of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Second-line therapies of patients initially treated with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide or fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab for chronic lymphocytic leukemia within the CLL8 protocol of the German CLL Study Group (2013)

Updated results of the CLL8 trial confirm that the addition of rituximab to chemotherapy with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) leads to a prolongation of progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in first-line treatment of physically fit patients. After a median observation time of 47 months, median PFS was 57.9 months for patients treated with FC and rituximab (FCR) and 32.9 months for patients treated with FC alone (hazard ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.465-0.673; p < 0.001). A total of 232 patients were treated for relapse, among them 91 of 408 (22%) initially treated with FCR and 141 of 409 (35%) initially treated with FC. The drugs most frequently used either alone or in combination were rituximab (52% of all second-line therapies), fludarabine (21%), bendamustine (21%) and alemtuzumab (12%). The regimens chosen for second-line treatment after FC or FCR were heterogeneous, which underlines a need for further trials in order to define treatment recommendations for patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Terrestrial Applications of a Nano-g Accelerometer (1996)

The ultra-sensitive accelerometer, developed for NASA to monitor the microgravity environments of Space Shuttle, five orbiters and Space Station, needed to measure accelerations up to 10 mg with an absolute accuracy of 10 nano-g (10(exp -8)g) for at least two orbits (10(exp 4) seconds) to resolve accelerations associated with orbital drag. Also, the accelerometers needed to have less than 10(exp -9) F.S. off-axis sensitivity; to be thermally and magnetically inert; to be immune to quiescent shock, and to have an in-situ calibration capability. Multi-axis compact seismometers, designs that have twelve decades of dynamic range will be described. Density profilometers, precision gradiometers, gyros and vibration isolation designs and applications will be discussed. Finally, examples of transformations of the accelerometer into sensitive anemometers and imaging spectrometers will be presented.
Effect of thickness on the crystallization of ultrathin HfSiON gate dielectrics (2006)

The crystallization of ultrathin hafnium silicon oxynitride (HfSiON) gate dielectric is studied as a function of physical thickness. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) was used to detect phase separation and crystallization of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 4.0 nm HfSiON films after 1000°C10s dopant activation anneal. Crystallization peaks corresponding to monoclinic and tetragonal HfO2 were detected in 2.5 and 4.0 nm HfSiON films. These GI-XRD results were supported by plan-view transmission electron microscopy images of the HfSiON films. Film crystallinity seems to impact voltage instability in thicker HfSiON films.
Is Serum Anhydroglucitol an Alternative to the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test for Diabetes Screening? (1993)

The oral glucose tolerance test is inconvenient for diabetes screening. In clinical studies a reduced serum anhydroglucitol level has proved to be a sensitive and specific test for diabetes. A new minicolumn enzymatic method which is simple and robust makes use in population screening feasible. The aim of our study was to assess the usefulness of a single measurement of anhydroglucitol to screen for diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. Assays were performed on samples taken from 227 Mauritian Chinese subjects at the time of glucose tolerance testing. Subjects had normal glucose tolerance (n = 82), impaired glucose tolerance (n = 76), newly diagnosed diabetes (n = 38), and known diabetes (n = 31). Anhydroglucitol concentrations (mean +/- SD) were similar for normal and impaired glucose tolerance subjects (23.7 +/- 8.2 vs 23.4 +/- 8.6 mg l-1). Although the differences between normal and newly diagnosed diabetes (15.0 +/- 11.0 mg l-1) and known diabetic subjects (11.8 +/- 10.6 mg l-1) were significant (p < 0.001), diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were poor. We conclude that measurement of serum anhydroglucitol is not suitable for screening for the diagnoses of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes.
Study of C/Doped δ-Bi2O3 Redox Reactions by in Operando Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction: Bond Energy/Oxygen Vacancy and Reaction Kinetics Relationships (2018)

One major technical and economic hurdle on the sequestration of CO2 is its separation from nitrogen when fossil fuels are burned in air. An alternative, thermodynamically equivalent approach is to use a metal oxide as an oxygen carrier (oxidizer) and then recycle the carrier following its reduction by exothermic reoxidation in air. This process, termed chemical looping combustion (CLC), places many requirements on the oxygen carrier. Here, we explore how to evaluate the relationship between the microscopic properties of an oxygen carrier and its performance in CLC. In this paper, systematically doped Bi2O3 were synthesized as oxygen carriers for the oxidation of carbon. In operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction and online mass spectrometry enable us to monitor both the phase evolution in the solid and the production of gaseous products. Initiation temperature and reaction kinetics were deduced on the basis of the X-ray diffraction peak intensity change. Results show that lower metal–oxygen bond energy and higher oxygen vacancy concentration of doped Bi2O3 led to lower onset temperature, faster reaction rate, and smaller activation energy for carbon oxidation. These results provide important insights into manipulating the atomic properties of oxygen carrier for CLC applications.
Relations among Notions of Security for Identity Based Encryption Schemes (2006)

Identity based encryption (ΙΒε) schemes have been flourishing since the very beginning of this century. In ΙΒε, proving the security of a scheme in the sense of IND-ID-CCA2is widely believed to be sufficient to claim that the scheme is also secure in the senses of both SS-ID-CCA2 and NM-ID-CCA2. The justification for this belief is the relations among indistinguishability (IND), semantic security (SS) and non-malleability (NM). However these relations have been proved only for conventional public key encryption (ΡΚε) schemes in previous works. The fact is that ΙΒε and ΡΚε have a difference of special importance, i.e., only in ΙΒε can the adversaries perform a particular attack, namely, the chosen identity attack. In this paper we have shown that security proved in the sense of IND-ID-CCA2 is validly sufficient for implying security in any other sense in ΙΒε. This is to say that the security notion, IND-ID-CCA2, captures the essence of security for all ΙΒε schemes. To show this, we first formally defined the notions of security for ΙΒε, and then determined the relations among IND, SS and NM in ΙΒε, along with rigorous proofs. All of these results take the chosen identity attack into consideration.
Analysis and Investigation of Hybrid DC–DC Non-Isolated and Non-Inverting Nx Interleaved Multilevel Boost Converter (Nx-IMBC) for High Voltage Step-Up Applications: Hardware Implementation (2020)

In significant cases, the generated voltage needs to be step-up with high conversion ratio by using the DC-DC converter as per the requirement of the load. The drawbacks of traditional boost converter are it required high rating semiconductor devices and have high input current ripple, low efficiency, and reverse recovery voltage of the diodes. Recently, the family of Multilevel Boost Converter suggested and suitable configuration to overcome the above drawbacks. In this article, hybrid DC-DC non-isolated and non-inverting Nx Interleaved Multilevel Boost Converter (Nx-IMBC) is analyzed in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) and Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) with boundary condition and investigated in detail. The Nx-IMBC circuit combined the features of traditional Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) and Nx Multilevel Boost Converter (Nx-MBC). The modes of operation, design of Nx-IMBC and the effect of the internal resistance of components are presented. The comparison study with various recent DC-DC converters is presented. The experimental and simulation results are presented with or without perturbation in input voltage, output power and output reference voltage which validates the design, feasibility, and working of the converter.
Supplementary Figure 4 from <i>miR-152</i> Is a Tumor Suppressor microRNA That Is Silenced by DNA Hypermethylation in Endometrial Cancer (2023)

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Sintering of Zirconia Nanopowder by Microwave‐Laser Hybrid Process (2004)

A new hybrid sintering process has been developed by replacing all but one laser by microwaves in the existing simultaneous multiple laser process (SIMPLE). Microwave energy has been used to preheat the material before laser radiation, and the synergism between microwave and laser energies could effectively heat the material to temperatures of 1700°C and beyond in just a few minutes. Using this process, rapid sintering of 3Y–ZrO 2 (3Y–TZP) pellets has been achieved in a few minutes. Microstructural investigations reveal that the microwave–laser hybrid sintered pellets of 3Y–ZrO 2 have nanograins averaging about 20 nm. The microwave–laser hybrid sintering process can clearly be a new approach for fabrication of nanoceramics and nanocomposites.
Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 Contains a Novel Degradation Pathway for Limonene (1999)

Strain DCL14, which is able to grow on limonene as a sole source of carbon and energy, was isolated from a freshwater sediment sample. This organism was identified as a strain of Rhodococcus erythropolis by chemotaxonomic and genetic studies. R. erythropolis DCL14 also assimilated the terpenes limonene-1,2-epoxide, limonene-1,2-diol, carveol, carvone, and (-)-menthol, while perillyl alcohol was not utilized as a carbon and energy source. Induction tests with cells grown on limonene revealed that the oxygen consumption rates with limonene-1,2-epoxide, limonene-1,2-diol, 1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene, and carveol were high. Limonene-induced cells of R. erythropolis DCL14 contained the following four novel enzymatic activities involved in the limonene degradation pathway of this microorganism: a flavin adenine dinucleotide- and NADH-dependent limonene 1, 2-monooxygenase activity, a cofactor-independent limonene-1, 2-epoxide hydrolase activity, a dichlorophenolindophenol-dependent limonene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity, and an NADPH-dependent 1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene 1,2-monooxygenase activity. Product accumulation studies showed that (1S,2S,4R)-limonene-1,2-diol, (1S, 4R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene, and (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate were intermediates in the (4R)-limonene degradation pathway. The opposite enantiomers [(1R,2R,4S)-limonene-1,2-diol, (1R, 4S)-1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene, and (3S)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate] were found in the (4S)-limonene degradation pathway, while accumulation of (1R,2S,4S)-limonene-1,2-diol from (4S)-limonene was also observed. These results show that R. erythropolis DCL14 metabolizes both enantiomers of limonene via a novel degradation pathway that starts with epoxidation at the 1,2 double bond forming limonene-1,2-epoxide. This epoxide is subsequently converted to limonene-1,2-diol, 1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene, and 7-hydroxy-4-isopropenyl-7-methyl-2-oxo-oxepanone. This lactone spontaneously rearranges to form 3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate. In the presence of coenzyme A and ATP this acid is converted further, and this finding, together with the high levels of isocitrate lyase activity in extracts of limonene-grown cells, suggests that further degradation takes place via the beta-oxidation pathway.
Tensor Evaluation of Stress Relaxation Profile in Strained SiGe Nanostructures on Si Substrate (2013)

A strained SiGe layer will be used in next-generation transistors to improve device performance along with device scaling. However, the stress relaxation of SiGe layer may be inevitable in nanodevices, because the SiGe layer is processed into nanostructure. In this study, we evaluated the stress relaxation profiles in mesa-shaped strained SiGe layers on Si substrate by electron back scattering pattern (EBSP), super-resolution Raman spectroscopy (SRRS) measurements, and finite element method (FEM) simulation. As a result, the stress relaxation profiles with high spatial resolution were obtained by each measurement. The range of σxx stress relaxation is mostly 100 nm from edge. The drastically σxx stress relaxation was over than approximately 25 percent in that range. Thus, the stress relaxation is inevitable in nanostructure with less than 200 nm scale. Moreover, there is a good correlation between the results of EBSP, SRRS measurements, and FEM simulation. The spatial resolution of EBSP and SRRS measurements were estimated less than 100 nm. Thus, super-resolution algorithm improved the spatial resolution of Raman spectroscopy from approximately 400 nm to sub-100 nm. It is prospective to evaluate the precise stress relaxation profile the sub-100 nm order structures by EBSP and SRRS measurements, respectively. Moreover, the complement of FEM simulation is important to verify the results of EBSP and SRRS. We believe that EBSP, SRRS measurements, and FEM simulation will be indispensable to for evaluating stress in future MOSFETs with high spatial resolution, which will surely surpass the present ones in complexity.
Prevalence and determinants of antibiotic exposure in infants: A population‐derived Australian birth cohort study (2017)

Australian infants in this large population-based study are exposed to considerably more antibiotics than the majority of their international counterparts. Interventions aimed at addressing avoidable prescribing by medical practitioners and modifiable risk factors associated with antibiotic exposure may reduce antibiotic use.