gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Segmentation of the Retinal Vasculature within Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Volumes of Mice (2015)

Automated approaches for the segmentation of the retinal vessels are helpful for longitudinal studies of mice using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). In the SD-OCT volumes of human eyes, the retinal vasculature can be readily visualized by creating a projected average intensity image in the depth direction. The created projection images can then be segmented using standard approaches. However, in the SD-OCT volumes of mouse eyes, the creation of projection images from the entire volume typically results in very poor images of the vasculature. The purpose of this work is to present and evaluate three machine-learning approaches, namely baseline, single-projection, and all-layers approaches, for the automated segmentation of retinal vessels within SD-OCT volumes of mice. Twenty SD-OCT volumes (400 × 400 × 1024 voxels) from the right eyes of twenty mice were obtained using a Bioptigen SD-OCT machine (Morrisville, NC) to evaluate our methods. The area under the curve (AUC) for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the all-layers approach, 0.93, was significantly larger than the AUC for the single-projection (0.91) and baseline (0.88) approach with p < 0.05.
ОДНОМЕРНАЯ ГЕТЕРОГЕННАЯ МОДЕЛЬ РЕАКТОРА СИНТЕЗА ФИШЕРА–ТРОПША С НЕПОДВИЖНЫМ СЛОЕМ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА В ПРИБЛИЖЕНИИ ИЗОТЕРМИЧЕСКИХ ГРАНУЛ (2014)

Dimensional heterogeneous model of a Fischer–Tropsch (FT) reactor synthesis with a fixed catalyst bed in approximation of isothermal pellets is developed. The simulation of the FT process for laboratory reactor is conducted. Effect of the linear velocity of the gas stream and the inner diameter reactors on the thermal stability of the process is considered. It is shown that the size of the reactor is limited by the possibility of a «thermal explosion» in a frontal layer of the catalyst. The increasing of linear gas velocity increases the heat transfer and thus reduces overheating of the catalyst bed. It is shown that the process of preparing solid hydrocarbons may be carried out in a reactor of diameter not exceeding 18 mm. The maximum temperature variation in the length of the reactor 3, 4 and 6 m is 4,7, 4,2 and 3,6 °C respectively according to calculation. The conversion of CO in this case is 35,0, 34,4 and 33,9 %, respectively. Production of liquid hydrocarbons in high performance reactor requires to reduce the reactor internal diameter down to 12 mm. The maximum temperature variation in the length of the 3, 4 and 6 m is 9,6, 8,7 and 7,6 °C, and the CO conversion – 78,0, 77,4 and 76,7 % respectively. Developed mathematical model allows to estimate the parameters of the designed reactors and conditions of the FT synthesis, aimed to obtaining of solid or liquid hydrocarbons.
A real-world comparison of tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR T cells in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (2022)

Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) have both demonstrated impressive clinical activity in relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In this study, we analyzed the outcome of 809 patients with R/R DLBCL after two or more previous lines of treatment who had a commercial chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells order for axi-cel or tisa-cel and were registered in the retrospective French DESCAR-T registry study ( NCT04328298 ). After 1:1 propensity score matching (n = 418), the best overall response rate/complete response rate (ORR/CRR) was 80%/60% versus 66%/42% for patients treated with axi-cel compared to tisa-cel, respectively (P &lt; 0.001 for both ORR and CRR comparisons). After a median follow-up of 11.7 months, the 1-year progression-free survival was 46.6% for axi-cel and 33.2% for tisa-cel (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.46-0.79; P = 0.0003). Overall survival (OS) was also significantly improved after axi-cel infusion compared to after tisa-cel infusion (1-year OS 63.5% versus 48.8%; HR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45-0.88; P = 0.0072). Similar findings were observed using the inverse probability of treatment weighting statistical approach. Grade 1-2 cytokine release syndrome was significantly more frequent with axi-cel than with tisa-cel, but no significant difference was observed for grade ≥3. Regarding immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), both grade 1-2 and grade ≥3 ICANS were significantly more frequent with axi-cel than with tisa-cel. In conclusion, our matched comparison study supports a higher efficacy and also a higher toxicity of axi-cel compared to tisa-cel in the third or more treatment line for R/R DLBCL.
Selectivity as well as sensitivity loss characterizes the cortical spatial frequency deficit in amblyopia (2009)

The processing deficit in amblyopia is not restricted to just high spatial frequencies but also involves low-medium spatial frequency processing, for suprathreshold stimuli with a broad orientational bandwidth. This is the case in all three forms of amblyopia; strabismic, anisometropic, and deprivation. Here we use both a random block design and a phase-encoded design to ascertain (1) the extent to which fMRI activation is reduced at low-mid spatial frequencies in different visual areas, (2) how accurately spatial frequency is mapped across the amblyopic cortex. We report a loss of function to suprathreshold low-medium spatial frequency stimuli that involves more than just area V1, suggesting a diffuse loss in spatial frequency processing in a number of different cortical areas. An analysis of the fidelity of the spatial frequency cortical map reveals that many voxels lose their spatial frequency preference when driven by the amblyopic eye, suggesting a broader tuning for spatial frequency for neurons driven by the amblyopic eye within this low-mid spatial frequency range.
<title>Molecular design for stabilization of chemical amplification resist toward airborne contamination</title> (1993)

This paper describes the first logical approach to the design of chemical amplification resists that are stable toward airborne contamination. This molecular design is based on the observation that uptake of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) by thin polymer films is primarily governed by glass transition temperatures (T<SUB>g</SUB>) of the polymers. This concept has led to the design of environmentally very robust chemical amplification resists that provide positive images upon development with aqueous base.
A sensitive two‐color electrophoretic mobility shift assay for detecting both nucleic acids and protein in gels (2003)

DNA-binding proteins are key to the regulation and control of gene expression, replication and recombination. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (or gel shift assay) is considered an essential tool in modern molecular biology for the study of protein-nucleic acid interactions. As typically implemented, however, the technique suffers from a number of shortcomings, including the handling of hazardous (32)P-labeled DNA probes, and difficulty in quantifying the amount of DNA and especially the amount of protein in the gel. A new detection method for mobility-shift assays is described that represents a significant improvement over existing techniques. The assay is fast, simple, does not require the use of radioisotopes and allows independent quantitative determination of: (i) free nucleic acid, (ii) bound nucleic acid, (iii) bound protein, and (iv) free protein. Nucleic acids are detected with SYBR Green EMSA dye, while proteins are subsequently detected with SYPRO Ruby EMSA dye. All fluorescence staining steps are performed after the entire gel-shift experiment is completed, so there is no need to prelabel either the DNA or the protein and no possibility of the fluorescent reagents interfering with the protein-nucleic acid interactions. The ability to independently quantify each molecular species allows more rigorous data analysis methods to be applied, especially with respect to the mass of protein bound per nucleic acid.
Weighted schemes applied to 3D-OSEM reconstruction in PET (2003)

In order to better preserve the Poisson characteristics of PET data when using 3D OSEM iterative reconstruction, the authors have compared images reconstructed by various data weighting schemes: unweighted, attenuation weighted, attenuation and normalization weighted OSEM 3D, FORE+unweighted and attenuation weighted OSEM 2D using 3DRP and FORE+FBP images as reference. Due to better noise modeling, 3D weighted OSEM schemes are expected to produce better images (i.e. noise-bias trade-off) especially at low statistics, in short frames of dynamic studies and when bed overlap is suboptimal, as in 3D wholebody studies. These reconstruction methods were implemented on the ECAT Exact HR and quantification was validated on clinical data. Their influence on physiological parameter measurements was examined on a dynamic brain receptor study with /sup 11/C-Flumazenil and a whole-body study with /sup 18/FDG. The 3D weighted OSEM schemes provide unbiased results in volume of interests. The resulting noise reduction may lead to more accurate registration, acquisition of shorter frames and generation of parametric images.
Cloning, Heterologous Expression, and Distinct Substrate Specificity of Protein Farnesyltransferase from Trypanosoma brucei (2000)

Protein prenylation occurs in the protozoan that causes African sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei), and the protein farnesyltransferase appears to be a good target for developing drugs. We have cloned the alpha- and beta-subunits of T. brucei protein farnesyltransferase (TB-PFT) using nucleic acid probes designed from partial amino acid sequences obtained from the enzyme purified from insect stage parasites. TB-PFT is expressed in both bloodstream and insect stage parasites. Enzymatically active TB-PFT was produced by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. Compared with mammalian protein farnesyltransferases, TB-PFT contains a number of inserts of >25 residues in both subunits that reside on the surface of the enzyme in turns linking adjacent alpha-helices. Substrate specificity studies with a series of 20 peptides SSCALX (where X indicates a naturally occurring amino acid) show that the recombinant enzyme behaves identically to the native enzyme and displays distinct specificity compared with mammalian protein farnesyltransferase. TB-PFT prefers Gln and Met at the X position but not Ser, Thr, or Cys, which are good substrates for mammalian protein farnesyltransferase. A structural homology model of the active site of TB-PFT provides a basis for understanding structure-activity relations among substrates and CAAX mimetic inhibitors.
EAS-Combined electric and acoustic stimulation (2021)

Electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS) is a special treatment modality for those patients who are profoundly deaf in the high-frequency (HF) region and retain usable hearing in the low-frequency (LF) region. Combining the electric stimulation with cochlear implant (CI) in the HF and acoustic amplification of residual hearing using a conventional hearing aid (HA) in the LF region defines EAS. The EAS concept was first proposed by C. von Ilberg from Frankfurt, Germany in the year 1997. In association with MED-EL, all the necessary safety studies were performed in non-human subjects before the first patient received it in 1997. In association with MED-EL, all the necessary safety studies were performed in non-human subjects before the first patient received it in 1999. For the patient to successfully use the EAS concept, the residual hearing needs to be preserved to a high extent and for several years. This requires a highly flexible electrode array in safeguarding the intra-cochlear structures during and after the CI electrode array insertion. Combining the HA unit with the audio processor unit of the CI was necessary for the convenient wearing of the unified audio processor. Fitting of the unified audio processor is another important factor that contributes to the overall success of the EAS treatment. The key translational research efforts at MED-EL were on the development of flexible electrodes, a unified audio processor, innovations in the fitting process, intra-operative monitoring of cochlear health during electrode insertion, pre-operative soft-ware tool to evaluate the cochlear size and electrode selection and some new innovations tried within EAS topic. This article covers the milestones of translational research from the first concept to the widespread clinical use of EAS.
Synthesis of sulfur-oxygen-transposed dihydro-1,4-oxathiin derivative by unusual rearrangement of .beta.-hydroxy-1,3-oxathiolanes (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of sulfur-oxygen-transposed dihydro-1,4-oxathiin derivative by unusual rearrangement of .beta.-hydroxy-1,3-oxathiolanesWha Suk Lee, Hoh Gyu Hahn, and Kee Hyuk ChangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 10, 2455–2457Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00271a043Request reuse permissionsArticle Views443Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (487 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
12-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor Improves Functions of Cytokine-Treated Human Islets and Type 2 Diabetic Islets (2017)

Context The 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) pathway produces proinflammatory metabolites, and its activation is implicated in islet inflammation associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objectives We aimed to test the efficacy of ML355, a highly selective, small molecule inhibitor of 12-LO, for the preservation of islet function. Design Human islets from nondiabetic donors were incubated with a mixture of tumor necrosis factor α , interluekin-1β, and interferon-γ to model islet inflammation. Cytokine-treated islets and human islets from T2D donors were incubated in the presence and absence of ML355. Setting In vitro study. Participants Human islets from organ donors aged >20 years of both sexes and any race were used. T2D status was defined from either medical history or most recent hemoglobin A1c value >6.5%. Intervention Glucose stimulation. Main Outcome Measures Static and dynamic insulin secretion and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Results ML355 prevented the reduction of insulin secretion and OCR in cytokine-treated human islets and improved both parameters in human islets from T2D donors. Conclusions ML355 was efficacious in improving human islet function after cytokine treatment and in T2D islets in vitro. The study suggests that the blockade of the 12-LO pathway may serve as a target for both form of diabetes and provides the basis for further study of this small molecule inhibitor in vivo.
Mining biologically active patterns in metabolic pathways using microarray expression profiles (2003)

We present a new probabilistic framework for analyzing a metabolic pathway with microarray expression profiles. Our purpose is to find biologically significant paths and patterns in a given metabolic pathway. Our approach first builds a Markov model using a graph structure of a known metabolic pathway, and then estimates parameters of a mixture of the Markov models using microarray data, based on an EM algorithm. In our experiments, we used a main pathway of glycolysis to evaluate the effectiveness of our method. We first measured the performance of our method comparing with that of another method, in a supervised learning manner, and found that our method significantly outperformed another method, which was trained by microarray data only. We further analyzed the trained models and obtained a number of new biological findings on frequent patterns (paths) and long-range correlations in a metabolic pathway.
A Micromechanical Sensor of Temperature Based on Surface Plasmons Resonance (2008)

This paper reports a new concept of micromechanical sensors of temperature. The sensors consist of a micro-cantilever transducer and optical readout means for monitoring cantilever mechanical response using the surface plasmons resonance (SPR) phenomenon. This solution has the advantage of reducing the cantilever length due to an ultrahigh resolution of the optical readout means and, therefore a high signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved.
Rewritable dual-layer phase-change optical disk (1999)

Various technologies enabling to increase the storage capacity of rewritable phase-change optical disk have been proposed.
Cloning and Sequencing of an Alkaline Protease Gene from Bacillus lentus and Amplification of the Gene on the B. lentus Chromosome by an Improved Technique (2000)

A gene encoding an alkaline protease was cloned from an alkalophilic bacillus, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The cloned gene was used to increase the copy number of the protease gene on the chromosome by an improved gene amplification technique.
Toward Efficient Thin-Film Polycrystalline-Silicon Modules using Interdigitated Top Contacts (2006)

Efficient thin-film polycrystalline-silicon (pc-Si) modules on inexpensive substrates could substantially lower the price of photovoltaic electricity. To obtain efficient pc-Si modules, processes different from those applied for standard bulk-Si solar cells have to be developed. In this paper we report on a monolithic module process for thin-film pc-Si solar cells in substrate configuration. In this process all contacts are made on top of the cells in an interdigitated pattern. Individual pc-Si cells with interdigitated top contacts showed very good fill factors up to 75% in combination with Voc values well above 500 mV. First module tests showed that cell isolation is the most crucial step to obtain properly working pc-Si modules using our process. These results indicate that a module concept based on interdigitated top contacts could lead to highly efficient pc-Si modules.
IFNα signaling through PKC-θ is essential for antitumor NK cell function (2014)

We have previously shown that the development of a major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-deficient tumor was favored in protein kinase C-θ knockout (PKC-θ<sup>-/-</sup>) mice compared to that occurring in wild-type mice. This phenomenon was associated with scarce recruitment of natural killer (NK) cells to the tumor site, as well as impaired NK cell activation and reduced cytotoxicity <i>ex vivo</i>. Poly-inosinic:cytidylic acid (poly I:C) treatment activated PKC-θ in NK cells depending on the presence of a soluble factor produced by a different splenocyte subset. In the present work, we sought to analyze whether interleukin-15 (IL-15) and/or interferon-α (IFNα) mediate PKC-θ-dependent antitumor NK cell function. We found that IL-15 improves NK cell viability, granzyme B expression, degranulation capacity and interferon-γ (IFNγ) secretion independently of PKC-θ. In contrast, we found that IFNα improves the degranulation capability of NK cells against target cancer cells in a PKC-θ-dependent fashion both <i>ex vivo</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Furthermore, IFNα induces PKC-θ auto-phosphorylation in NK cells, in a signal transduction pathway involving both phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and phospholipase-C (PLC) activation. PKC-θ dependence was further implicated in IFNα-induced transcriptional upregulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (<i>CXCL10</i>), a signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1)-dependent target of IFNα. The absence of PKC-θ did not affect IFNα-induced STAT-1 Tyr701 phosphorylation but affected the increase in STAT-1 phosphorylation on Ser727, attenuating CXCL10 secretion. This connection between IFNα and PKC-θ in NK cells may be exploited in NK cell-based tumor immunotherapy.
Role of Accessory Cells in the Activation of Pure T Cells via the T Cell Receptor‐CD3 Complex or with Phytohaemagglutinin (1988)

The ability of different subpopulations of blood mononuclear cells to serve as accessory cells in the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells via Ti-CD3 or with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was studied. Pure CD4+ or CD8+ T cells did not respond to particle-bound anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) or PHA, whereas responses were seen when non-T cells served as accessory cells. Removal of class II-positive cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or from non-T cells diminished, but did not completely abolish, the responses in both T cell subsets, indicating that the accessory cells are mainly found among the class II-positive cells. However, the class II molecules themselves were not involved, as demonstrated in antibody-blocking experiments. Removal of monocytes decreased the ability of non-T cells to serve as accessory cells for both CD4+ and CD8+ cells in PHA activation. In contrast, the removal of monocytes resulted in an enhanced activation by anti-CD3 MoAb in CD4+ T cells, while the activation of CD8+ T cells was less affected. Positively selected B cells were effective accessory cells in anti-CD3 and PHA activation. Furthermore, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B cell lines were very potent accessory cells both in anti-CD3 and PHA activation of T cells, and showed the strongest accessory cell function observed in this system on a per cell basis.
[Results of troponin I testing by high sensitive method in three age groups of healthy population]. (2017)

Article is about troponin I testing by high sensitive method in healthy population group. 165 people (employees of hospital) were examined, 71 % - women and 29 % - men. Inclusion criteria were as follows: absence of active complaints at the time of health examination and during the previous 30 days. All the examinees were divided into three age groups: 18-34 years (middle age, I period), 35-54 years (middle age, II period), above 55 years (old age). Research of correlation between cardiac troponin I and age of healthy population group was the main aim of investigation.
Dynamic modeling of geared and flexibly jointed manipulators (2002)

A Newton-Euler analysis of a robot manipulator with gears or joint flexibilities is presented. A recursive order N form for the calculation of the manipulator forward dynamics that includes all gyroscopic forces and motor-link acceleration interactions is developed. The commonality between flexibly jointed manipulators and geared manipulators is discussed. For the flexible joint, the motor-link dynamics are described using a general function for the coupling between motor and link. The dynamic effects of motors and the accurate modeling of industrial manipulator dynamics investigated using a simulation of a PUMA 560 are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>