gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Industrial Cyberphysical Systems: A Backbone of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (2017)

Cyberphysical systems (CPSs) are perceived as the pivotal enabler for a new era of real-time Internet-based communication and collaboration among value-chain participants, e.g., devices, systems, organizations, and humans. The CPS utilization in industrial settings is expected to revolutionize the way enterprises conduct their business from a holistic viewpoint, i.e., from shop-floor to business interactions, from suppliers to customers, and from design to support across the whole product and service lifecycle. Industrial CPS (ICPSs) blur the fabric of cyber (including business) and physical worlds and kickstart an era of systemwide collaboration and information-driven interactions among all stakeholders of the value chain. Therefore, ICPSs are expected to empower the transformation of industry and business at large to a digital, adaptive, networked, and knowledge-based industry with significant long-term impact on the economy, society, environment, and citizens.
Reduced pressure laser weld comparison to electron beam welds in Ti-6Al-4 V (2022)

Abstract Reduced pressure laser welds were made using a 6-kW commercial fiber-laser system on Ti-6Al-4 V and compared to electron beam welds of the same beam diameters as measured by beam diagnostics. The laser welds showed keyhole characteristics under easily achievable mechanical pumped vacuum levels of 1 mbar pressure that nearly matched the electron beam weld penetrations made at 9 × 10 –5 mbar vacuum. Ti-6Al-4 V alloys were used to represent refractory metals such as vanadium, tantalum, zirconium, or molybdenum that require vacuum or highly protective inert gas protection systems to prevent adverse interactions with air and can be difficult to weld under non-vacuum conditions. Results show that laser weld depths of 20 mm with aspect ratios of 17:1 can be made under what appears to be stable keyhole behavior as the result of reduced pressure. The effect of fiber diameter was examined using 0.1-, 0.2-, and 0.3-mm fibers, showing that small spot sizes can easily be achieved at long focal length lenses of 400 and 500 mm. The 0.1- and 0.2-mm fibers produced keyhole welds with minimal amounts of porosity, which was only present at 2 kW or higher, while the 0.3-mm fiber produced keyhole welds with more rounded roots that were porosity free as shown by radiography up to the maximum power of 6 kW. Correlations between weld depth and processing conditions are presented for the reduced pressure laser. These results are directly compared to electron beam welds, facilitating design of future reduced pressure laser systems targeted for deep weld penetrations historically developed for electron beams.
1,2-Dioxetanes: Luminescent and Nonluminescent Decomposition, Chemistry, and Potential Applications (1991)

Although compounds having the strained four-membered heterocyclic 1,2-dioxetane ring as part of their structure were reported at the end of the nineteenth century [1] and a number of investigators in the fields of oxidation reactions and chemi- and bioluminescence later proposed such structures as intermediates in some of these reactions [2-7], Kopecky and Mumford [8] were the first to prove that such compounds could actually be prepared and characterized. Since that time, well over 200 different 1,2-dioxetanes have been synthesized. These compounds were subjected mainly to experimental research for the determination of thermal stability, quantum yields of singlet and triplet excited-state product formation, (nonchemi-luminescent) chemical reactivity, rearrangements, and induced decomposi-tion by catalysts. Using these results, but also by means of theoretical calculations, theories were developed concerning the mechanism of thermal decomposition. Since the mechanism of decomposition is strongly related to the thermal and chemical stability of a 1,2-dioxetane and, moreover, to the yield of excited-state products, it is of great importance to have a detailed insight into these mechanisms and the factors ruling them, in order to adequately design 1,2-dioxetanes that are useful for practical application in, for example, analyses, biology, agriculture, and medicine, Furthermore, knowledge con-cerning the chemical stability of 1,2-dioxetanes is important because these
Endometriosis classification, staging and reporting systems: a review on the road to a universally accepted endometriosis classification, (2021)

NA.
Network Calculus viewed as a Min-plus System Theory (1998)

We analyze some queueing problems arising in guaranteed service and controlled load networks using min-plus algebra. We find an explicit representation for the sub-additive closure of the minimum of two operators, and we introduce a new, useful family of idempotent, time-varying, and min-plus linear operators. We model queueing systems arising in networks networks as non-linear min-plus systems that can be bounded by linear systems, and apply our concepts to: the optimal shaper studied by Anantharam and Konstantopoulos, the window flow control problem previously studied by: Cruz and Okino, Chang, Agrawal and Rajan. In all these cases we explain the existing bounds and in the latter case derive another bound. We then show how the same method enables us to give a representation for the losses in a shaper with finite buffer constraints or with delay constraints. We apply the result to bound the losses in a variable bit rate (VBR) trunk system by the losses in simpler, constant bit rate trunk systems (CBR) systems. Finally, as a by-product of the concepts proposed in the paper, we show how it provides an explicit solution to the deterministic Skorokhod reflection mapping problem with two boundaries.
Clustering Enabled Wireless Channel Modeling Using Big Data Algorithms (2018)

Recently, rapid growth in data services has ushered in the so-called big data era, and data mining and analysis techniques have been widely adopted to extract value from data for different applications. Channel modeling also benefits in this era, in particular by exploiting algorithmic techniques developed for big data applications. In this article, the challenges and opportunities in clustering-enabled wireless channel modeling are discussed in this context. First, some well known clustering techniques, which are potentially capable of enabling clustered channel modeling, are presented. Next, the motivation of cluster-based channel modeling is presented. The typical concepts of clusters used in channel models are summarized, and the state-of-the-art clustering and tracking algorithms are reviewed and compared. Finally, several promising research problems for channel clustering are highlighted.
Anodic stripping voltammetry coupled on-line with ICP-MS (1995)

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a sensitive technique for elemental analysis which provides submicrogram-per-liter (sub-ppb) detection limits (DLs) for most elements. The drive towards lower DLs in response to regulatory mandates and the need to eliminate problems imposed in quantitative analyses by sample matrices are research areas of active pursuit in ICP-MS. A generic means to effectively lower concentration detection limits and eliminate matrix effects is an on-line preconcentration/matrix elimination device. Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) coupled on-line with ICP-MS has proven to be an effective and relatively simple method for on-line preconcentration and matrix elimination ASV utilizes an electrochemical deposition step to preconcentrate metal species from solution into the small volume of a mercury electrode. After deposition, the metal is electrochemically oxidized, thereby stripping it from the electrode back into solution. In previous work, the authors have shown that concentration detection limits for a VG Plasma Quad, equipped with a conventional nebulizer and spray chamber, could be lowered by at least an order-of-magnitude for some elements (e.g., Tl) with on-line ASV-ICP-MS using a thin-layer, low-dead volume (i.e., 1.0 {mu}L) flow-by electrochemical cell.
A conceptual design of a superconducting magnet for MAGLEV using a Bi-based high-Tc tape (1995)

A conceptual design of a superconducting magnet for MAGLEV using a Bi-based high-Tc superconducting tape ((BiPb)/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 8/-Ag) is studied. In this study, the structure of conductor and coil, AC loss, stability, current lead, persistent current switch, cryostat structure and cooling system are estimated. The characteristics of the design are as follows: (1) the superconducting coil is cooled by a refrigerator at 20 K and is operated by persistent mode; (2) the coil is constructed by 6 pieces of double pancake coils, and each pancake coil is graded by changing conductor size; (3) the temperature rise of the coil is about 2 K due to AC loss; and (4) the superconducting stability is very high.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Delivering Scalable Audio Experiences using AC-4 (2017)

AC-4 is a state-of-the-art audio codec standardized in ETSI (TS 103 190 and TS 103 190-2) and included in the DVB toolbox (TS 101 154 V2.2.1 and DVB BlueBook A157) and, at the time of writing, is a candidate standard for ATSC 3.0 as per A/342 part 2. AC-4 is an audio codec designed to address the current and future needs of video and audio entertainment services, including broadcast and Internet streaming. As such, it incorporates a number of features beyond the traditional audio coding algorithms, such as capabilities to support immersive and personalized audio, support for advanced loudness management, video-frame synchronous coding, dialog enhancement, etc. This paper will outline the thinking behind the design of the AC-4 codec, explain the different coding tools used, the systemic features included, and give an overview of performance and applications. It further outlines metadata aspects (immersive and personalized, essential for broadcast), metadata carriage, aspects of interchange of immersive programing, as well as immersive playback and rendering.
Flow photochemistry: a meso-scale reactor for industrial applications (2015)

Developing flow photochemistry, especially at meso-scale where significant productivity is required, remains challenging. There is a need for innovative equipments generating highly controlled flow under light irradiation. In this work, a commercial solution, developed by Corning, is presented and studied by LGC and MEPI on an intramolecular (2+2) photo-cycloaddition. Detailed experimental and modelling analysis has been performed to emphasize the flow reactor behaviour and performances, and demonstrate its capability in producing up to 30g.h-1 of the desired molecule. Through this simple model reaction, the G1 photo-reactor is shown to be an efficient meso-scale reactor for industrial photo-applications development and production.
Highly Effective Pincer-Ligated Iridium Catalysts for Alkane Dehydrogenation. DFT Calculations of Relevant Thermodynamic, Kinetic, and Spectroscopic Properties (2004)

The p-methoxy-substituted pincer-ligated iridium complexes, (MeO-(tBu)PCP)IrH(4) ((R)PCP = kappa(3)-C(6)H(3)-2,6-(CH(2)PR(2))(2)) and (MeO-(iPr)PCP)IrH(4), are found to be highly effective catalysts for the dehydrogenation of alkanes (both with and without the use of sacrificial hydrogen acceptors). These complexes offer an interesting comparison with the recently reported bis-phosphinite "POCOP" ((R)POCOP = kappa(3)-C(6)H(3)-2,6-(OPR(2))(2)) pincer-ligated catalysts, which also show catalytic activity higher than unsubstituted PCP analogues (Gottker-Schnetmann, I.; White, P.; Brookhart, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 1804). On the basis of nu(CO) values of the respective CO adducts, the MeO-PCP complexes appear to be more electron-rich than the parent PCP complexes, whereas the POCOP complexes appear to be more electron-poor. However, the MeO-PCP and POCOP ligands are calculated (DFT) to show effects in the same directions, relative to the parent PCP ligand, for the kinetics and thermodynamics of a broad range of reactions including the addition of C-H and H-H bonds and CO. In general, both ligands favor (relative to unsubstituted PCP) addition to the 14e (pincer)Ir fragments but disfavor addition to the 16e complexes (pincer)IrH(2) or (pincer)Ir(CO). These kinetic and thermodynamic effects are all largely attributable to the same electronic feature: O --> C(aryl) pi-donation, from the methoxy or phosphinito groups of the respective ligands. DFT calculations also indicate that the kinetics (but not the thermodynamics) of C-H addition to (pincer)Ir are favored by sigma-withdrawal from the phosphorus atoms. The high nu(CO) value of (POCOP)Ir(CO) is attributable to electrostatic effects, rather than decreased Ir-CO pi-donation or increased OC-Ir sigma-donation.
Fluoroscopy‐Guided Implantation of Subacromial “Biodegradable Spacer” Using Local Anesthesia in Patients With Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tear (2014)

Treatment of massive rotator cuff tears can be challenging, especially when tears are considered irreparable or, when repaired, at significant risk of retear. A surgical technique is described using a biodegradable subacromial balloon-shaped spacer (InSpace; Ortho-Space, Caesarea, Israel) that, when implanted between the humeral head and acromion, permits smooth, frictionless gliding, supporting shoulder biomechanics. The specific insertion technique described herein is a simple procedure that can be performed in a day-care or outpatient setting with patients under local anesthesia, thus providing a treatment option for patients with multiple comorbidities complicating or contraindicating surgery, such as reverse arthroplasty under general anesthesia.
Low-loss liquid-core optical fiber for low-refractive-index liquids: fabrication, characterization, and application in Raman spectroscopy (1997)

We describe a liquid-core optical fiber based on capillary tubing of Teflon AF 2400, which is a clear, amorphous fluoropolymer having a refractive index of 1.29. When filled with virtually any transparent liquid, the fiber is capable of transmitting light by total internal reflection. Loss below 3 dB/microm is demonstrated throughout much of the visible region for a 250-microm-i.d. fiber filled with water. The utility of this device in enhancing the intensity of Raman spectra of core liquids is demonstrated.
Cell-Based Quantification of Homocysteine Utilizing Bioluminescent Escherichia coli Auxotrophs (2011)

A cell-based quantitative assay system for Hcy has been developed by utilizing two Escherichia coli auxotrophs that grow in the presence of methionine (Met) and either homocysteine (Hcy) or Met, respectively. A bioluminescent reporter gene, which produces luminescence as cells grow, was inserted into the auxotrophs, so that cell growth can be readily determined. When the relative luminescence unit (RLU) values from the two auxotrophs immobilized within agarose gels arrayed on a well plate were measured, the amount of Hcy was quantitatively determined on the basis of differences between two RLU values corresponding to cell growth of two auxotrophs with excellent levels of precision and reproducibility. Finally, the diagnostic utility of this assay system was verified by its employment in reliably determining different stages of hyperhomocysteinemia in human plasma samples providing CVs of within and between assays that are less than 2.9% and 7.1%, respectively, and recovery rates of within and between assays that are in the range of 99.1-103.5% and 97.5-105.5%, respectively. In contrast to existing conventional methods, the new system developed in this effort is simple, rapid, and cost-effective. As a result, it has great potential to serve as a viable alternative for Hcy quantification in the diagnosis of hyperhomocysteinemia.
What to do with functional mitral regurgitation: what do we really know and how can we find out? (2012)

Managing heart failure patients with left ventricular dysfunctionassociated mitral regurgitation (functional mitral regurgitation or FMR) is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Optimal medical therapy (OMT) with vigilant outpatient surveillance, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and myocardial revascularization can all have positive impacts on quality of life, and perhaps even survival. Since as many as 30% of individuals with heart failure have moderate–severe mitral regurgitation (MR), it is mechanistically appealing to postulate that correcting MR, whether by surgery or transcatheter MitraClip therapy, should benefit these patients. However, data supporting FMR correction are largely observational. The current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines give mitral valve repair in patients with symptomatic severe left ventricular dysfunction a Class IIa (level of evidence C) recommendation [1]. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines also cite limited data (level of evidence C) supporting mitral valve correction and give primarily Class IIa/b recommendations for the surgical correction of MR in the setting of left ventricle (LV) dysfunction with or without coronary artery disease and planned CABG [2]. MitraClip therapy, by virtue of its percutaneous delivery, may offer improved safety when compared with surgical mitral valve repair in patients with predominantly degenerative MR, but at the expense of far less effective MR reduction [3]. It is felt, however, that MitraClip therapy may be ideally suited for the treatment of higher- or extreme-surgical-risk FMR patients in whom other treatment options are limited. What then, does the accompanying report add to our understanding of applying surgery or MitraClip to patients with FMR? And how does it help us answer the question of ‘what to do with FMR?’ In this issue of the journal, Taramasso et al .[ 4] retrospectively describe the clinical characteristics, in-hospital and intermediate to long-term follow-up of two groups of patients undergoing correction of FMR. The first group consists of 91 patients undergoing surgical correction of FMR over the last 10 years, the second group comprises 52 patients undergoing MitraClip implantation during the last 3 years of the surgical experience. All patients had either moderate–severe or severe MR, were symptomatic despite medical therapy (the nature of which is not specified) and had ischaemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (a very heterogenous group, in terms of outcome behaviour and competing risks). The decision to perform surgical correction vs MitraClip therapy was based on a ‘multimodality decisionmaking process’, which included the logistic EuroSCORE, as well as other less-quantifiable factors such as liver cirrhosis, neurological impairment and frailty. Patients had pre- and post-procedure echocardiography (non-core lab adjudicated) and were followed clinically for a variable amount of time (median 18 months for surgery and 8.5 months for MitraClip).
Single-Particle Tracking for Studying Nanomaterial Dynamics: Applications and Fundamentals in Drug Delivery (2014)

Many macromolecular therapeutics could potentially treat genetic disorders and cancer. They have, however, not yet reached the clinical stage owing to a lack of suitable carriers that can bring the therapeutics from the administration site to the subcellular site in target cells. One of the reasons that is hindering the development of such carriers is the limited knowledge of their transport dynamics and intracellular processing. Single-particle tracking (SPT) microscopy, thanks to its single molecule sensitivity and its broad applicability, has found its entry in the field of drug delivery to get an answer to these questions. This review aims to introduce the fundamentals of SPT to the drug delivery community and highlight the most recent discoveries obtained with SPT in the field of drug delivery.
Electromagnetic energy harvesting from vibrations of multiple frequencies (2009)

10.1088/0960-1317/19/3/035001
Contactless and replaceable modularized battery energy storage system for electric vehicles (2013)

A novel replaceable, modularized energy storage system with wireless interface is proposed for a battery operated electric vehicle (EV). The operation of the proposed system is explained and analyzed with an equivalent circuit and an averaged state-space model. A non-linear feedback linearization based controller is developed and implemented to regulate the DC link voltage by modulating the phase shift ratio. The working and control of the proposed system is verified through simulation and some preliminary results are presented.
Sporadic Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy With Cortical Occipital Calcifications in the Elderly (2017)

*Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital †Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen ‡Department of Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, Inserm, Caen, France The authors report no conflicts of interest. Reprints: Gaël Nicolas, MD, PhD, Faculté de Médecine, Inserm U1245, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen Cedex, France (e-mail: [email protected]).
Identification of a novel secreted molecule expressed by Th17 cells: potential association with inflammatory diseases. (59.3) (2012)

Abstract CD4 T cells (Th cells) play an important role in adaptive immune responses. These processes are controlled in part by a pattern of soluble molecules (cytokines) secreted by different types of Th cells. Here we describe a novel secreted molecule which we have called barrier tissue and activated T cell-associated molecule (BATAM). Using a comprehensive database of human gene expression that comprises more than 115 tissues or organs of the body, we identified a secreted protein that is produced by activated CD4 T cells as well as skin and various mucosal tissues. BATAM encodes a ~60 KD protein that contains a thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR) and the adhesion associated domain AMOP, which are known to mediate cell adhesion and are also present in various proteins involved in inflammation. We confirmed the BATAM expression pattern by qPCR in mouse tissues. The production of BATAM by activated spleen CD4 T cells is significant but not strong. We therefore hypothesized that BATAM may be preferentially produced by a polarized subset of Th cells. To investigate this possibility, we polarized CD4 T cells into Th1, Th2, Treg and Th17 in vitro. The results indicate that BATAM expression is highly associated with Th17 cells. We have also confirmed that it is a secreted protein. Using recombinant BATAM, we are currently probing its biological activity. We conclude that BATAM is a novel pro-inflammatory molecule that may be associated with diseases mediated by Th17 cells.
Variations on a theme by Ziv and Lempel (data compression) (2003)

The data compression methods of J. Ziv and A. Lempel (1976) are modified and augmented in three ways in order to improve the compression ratio and hold the size of the encoding tables to a fixed size. The improvements are in the area of dispensing with any uncompressed output, ability to use fixed size encoding tables by using a replacement strategy, and more rapid adaptation by widening the class of strings which may be added to the dictionary. It is shown how these improvements also provide an adaptive probabilistic model for the input data. The issue of data structures for efficient implementation is also addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>