gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aqueous synthesis of highly functional, hydrophobic, and chemically recyclable cellulose nanomaterials through oxime ligation (2022)

Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) materials are candidates for the sustainable development of high mechanical performance nanomaterials. Due to inherent hydrophilicity and limited functionality range, most applications require chemical modification of CNF. However, targeted transformations directly on CNF are cumbersome due to the propensity of CNF to aggregate in non-aqueous solvents at high concentrations, complicating the choice of suitable reagents and requiring tedious separations of the final product. This work addresses this challenge by developing a general, entirely water-based, and experimentally simple methodology for functionalizing CNF, providing aliphatic, allylic, propargylic, azobenzylic, and substituted benzylic functional groups. The first step is NaIO<sub>4</sub> oxidation to dialdehyde-CNF in the wet cake state, followed by oxime ligation with O-substituted hydroxylamines. The increased hydrolytic stability of oximes removes the need for reductive stabilization as often required for the analogous imines where aldehyde groups react with amines in water. Overall, the process provides a tailored degree of nanofibril functionalization (2-4.5 mmol/g) with the possible reversible detachment of the functionality under mildly acidic conditions, resulting in the reformation of dialdehyde CNF. The modified CNF materials were assessed for potential applications in green electronics and triboelectric nanogenerators.
47.1: Invited Paper : Practical Application of TI DLP ® Technology in the Next Generation Head‐up Display System (2015)

Next generation automotive head‐up display (HUD) could fundamentally change how OEMs utilize a HUD. A significantly larger virtual display area and vastly improved image quality are two of the many benefits. Along with the benefits come a unique set of challenges, which can be addressed by incorporating TI DLP ® product solutions. This paper explores options for these challenges, including a comparison of different solid state illumination sources, and offers practical solutions for developers.
CONCISE REVIEW Stem cell self-renewal: lessons from bone marrow, gut and iPS toward clinical applications (2011)

The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is the prototype organ-regenerating stem cell (SC), and by far the most studied typeof SC in the body. Currently, HSC-based therapy is the onlyroutinely used SC therapy; however, advances in the ﬁeld ofembryonic SCs and induced pluripotent SCs may change thissituation. Interest into in vitro generation of HSCs, includingsignals for HSC expansion and differentiation from these moreprimitive SCs, as well as advances in other organ-speciﬁc SCs,in particular the intestine, provide promising new applicationsfor SC therapies. Here, we review the basic principles ofdifferent SC systems, and on the basis of the experience withHSC-based SC therapy, provide recommendations for clinicalapplication of emerging SC technologies.Leukemia (2011) 25, 1095–1102; doi:10.1038/leu.2011.52;published online 29 April 2011Keywords: stem cell; iPS; gene therapy; embryonic stem cell;transplantation
Comprehensive Study of the X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Peak Shift of La-Incorporated Hf Oxide for Gate Dielectrics (2012)

We measured the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra of the La-incorporated Hf oxide and observed the apparent Hf 4f peak shift toward a lower energy as La concentration increased. To investigate the origin of these peak shifts, we performed first-principles calculations, in which the degree and direction of the obtained peak shifts agreed well with the above-mentioned experimentally observed spectra. Also, we found that the main reason for these peak shifts was the charge-transfer effect. Estimation of the degree of the interface dipole was made possible by a comparison between the experimental values and the theoretical values of the peak shifts.
MYC-repressed long noncoding RNAs antagonize MYC-induced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression (2015)

The transcription factor MYC is a proto-oncogene regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and metabolism. The recent identification of MYC-regulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) expands our knowledge of the role of lncRNAs in MYC functions. Here, we identify MYC-repressed lncRNAs named MYCLo-4, -5 and -6 by comparing 3 categories of lncRNAs (downregulated in highly MYC-expressing colorectal cancer, up-regulated by MYC knockdown in HCT116, upregulated by MYC knockdown in RKO). The MYC-repressed MYCLos are implicated in MYC-modulated cell proliferation through cell cycle regulation. By screening cell cycle-related genes regulated by MYC and the MYC-repressed MYCLos, we identified the MYC-repressed gene GADD45A as a target gene of the MYC-repressed MYCLos such as MYCLo-4 and MYCLo-6.
Electrospun poly(acrylonitrile- co -itaconic acid) as a porous carbon precursor for high performance supercapacitor: study of the porosity induced by in situ porogen activity of itaconic acid (2019)

An acrylonitrile based copolymer, poly(acrylonitrile-co-itaconic acid), P(AN-co-IA) was synthesized with different amounts of itaconic acid (IA) to study in situ porogen activity of IA to produce porous carbon nanofibers (CNFs) without any subsequent physical or chemical activation. The concept developed here avoids unnecessary and complex extra activation steps when fabricating CNFs which ultimately lead to lower char yields and uncontrollable pore sizes. The ability of COOH in P(AN-co-IA) to act as an in situ porogen by releasing CO<sub>2</sub> during carbonization was verified by simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectrometry compared to polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The specific surface area of PAN CNFs (27 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>) dramatically increases to 1427 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> upon addition of ∼8 wt% IA without any ex situ activation. Furthermore, we confirmed that the porosity could be tuned by changing the IA content. The best electrochemical performance was obtained from the copolymer containing ∼8 wt% of IA, which gives a maximum specific capacitance of ∼93 F g<sup>-1</sup> at a scan rate of 10 mV s<sup>-1</sup> and energy density of ∼46 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>-1</sup> without any subsequent physical or chemical activation.
Adult Male Circumcision Device for Use in Clinical Settings (2011)

Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most heavily affected by HIV, accounting for 67% of HIV positive cases and 72% of AIDS deaths globally in 2007. Public health officials believe adult male circumcision can be an effective HIV prevention intervention and recommend task shifting as an approach to increase the volume of male circumcisions performed in sub-Saharan Africa. Current scale up complications in sub-Saharan Africa include high procedural cost, clinical tools complexity, trained human resources shortages and inefficiencies in health delivery methodologies, preventing many countries from reaching their mass circumcision scale up target goals. A task shifting approach is one method that can both reduce costs and improve healthcare services by delegating critical tasks to less specialized healthcare providers. As a result, the aim of this research is to develop a functional, safe, cost effective adult male circumcision device allowing less-trained healthcare providers to perform the circumcision procedure. This paper discusses the design concept and development of an adult male circumcision device for use in a task shifting clinical setting. Preliminary engineering analyses were completed to support the prototype design, and validation tests on human cadavers and bovine adult reproductive organs were completed to prove the device operates effectively and safely.
Embedded Nickel‐Mesh Transparent Electrodes for Highly Efficient and Mechanically Stable Flexible Perovskite Photovoltaics: Toward a Portable Mobile Energy Source (2020)

The rapid development of Internet of Things mobile terminals has accelerated the market's demand for portable mobile power supplies and flexible wearable devices. Here, an embedded metal-mesh transparent conductive electrode (TCE) is prepared on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) using a novel selective electrodeposition process combined with inverted film-processing methods. This embedded nickel (Ni)-mesh flexible TCE shows excellent photoelectric performance (sheet resistance of ≈0.2-0.5 Ω sq<sup>-1</sup> at high transmittance of ≈85-87%) and mechanical durability. The PET/Ni-mesh/polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS PH1000) hybrid electrode is used as a transparent electrode for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which exhibit excellent electric properties and remarkable environmental and mechanical stability. A power conversion efficiency of 17.3% is obtained, which is the highest efficiency for a PSC based on flexible transparent metal electrodes to date. For perovskite crystals that require harsh growth conditions, their mechanical stability and environmental stability on flexible transparent embedded metal substrates are studied and improved. The resulting flexible device retains 76% of the original efficiency after 2000 bending cycles. The results of this work provide a step improvement in flexible PSCs.
Abstract 3175: Methylmalonic acid in TME signaling (2022)

Abstract The importance of metabolic reprogramming in cancer has been long demonstrated by the association of systemic metabolic changes, such as aging, diet and exercise, with cancer outcomes. These systemic shifts, combined with local metabolic alterations within the tumor microenvironment (TME), can all cooperate to foster an environment conducive to cancer progression. In cells derived from primary and metastatic patient tumors, we found that mesenchymal-like cells displayed dysregulated propionate metabolism, leading to increased accumulation and secretion of methylmalonic acid (MMA), a novel aging-induced oncometabolite. This tumor cell-secreted MMA, in addition to increased MMA in the serum of elderly individuals, combine to form high local accumulation of MMA in the TME. We discovered that MMA acts on fibroblasts in the TME, activating them to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). MMA modifies the cargo of CAF-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), which function as a messenger to tumor cells, further promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, drug resistance, and increased metastasis in vivo. Here, we reveal a novel function of MMA in cancer, demonstrating for the first time that tumor-secreted MMA recruits the tumor microenvironment to drive cancer progression and metastatic reprogramming. Citation Format: Vivien Low, Zhongchi Li, Ashley Laughney, Wenbing Jin, Noah Dephoure, Valbona Luga, Ethan Earlie, Bobak Parang, Chunjun Guo, Lewis Cantley, John Blenis. Methylmalonic acid in TME signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3175.
Protecting IPTV against packet loss: Techniques and trade-offs (2008)

Packet loss ratios that are harmless to the quality of data and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services may still seriously jeopardize that of Internet Protocol television (IPTV) services. In digital subscriber line (DSL)-based access networks, the last mile in particular suffers from packet loss, but other parts of the network may do so too. While on the last mile link, the packet loss is due to bit errors, in other parts of the network it is caused by buffers overflowing or the network experiencing (short) outages due to link or node failures. To retrieve lost packets, the application layer (AL) can use either a forward error correction (FEC) or a retransmission scheme. These schemes, when properly tuned, increase the quality of an IPTV service to an adequate level, at the expense of some overhead bit rate, extra latency, and possibly an increase in channel change time. This paper compares the performance of FEC schemes based on Reed-Solomon (RS) codes with that of retransmission schemes, all tuned to conform to the same maximum overhead bit rate allowed on the last mile link and on the feeder link, and their possible impact on the channel change time. We take into account two kinds of loss processes that can occur: isolated packet losses and burst packet losses. In almost all scenarios, retransmission outperforms FEC.
From enzyme to zymogen: engineering Vip2, an ADP-ribosyltransferase from Bacillus cereus, for conditional toxicity (2008)

The adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferase, Vip2 (vegetative insecticidal protein), from Bacillus cereus in combination with another protein from the same organism, Vip1, has insecticidal activity against western corn rootworm larvae. The Vip2 protein exerts its intracellular poisoning effect by modifying actin and preventing actin polymerization. Due to the nature of this toxin, expression of Vip2 in planta is lethal. In this work, we attempted to build an enzyme precursor (proenzyme, zymogen) that would silently reside in one biological system (e.g. plants or yeast) and be activated in the other (insect larvae). Our approach involved engineering a random propeptide library at the C-terminal end of Vip2 and selecting for malfunctional enzyme variants in yeast. A selected proenzyme (proVip2) possesses reduced enzymatic activity as compared with the wild-type Vip2 protein, but remains a potent toxin toward rootworm larvae. In addition, upon analysis of the digestive fate of the engineered enzyme precursor in rootworm larvae, we demonstrated that 'zymogenized' Vip2 can be proteolytically activated by rootworm digestive enzyme machinery. This report represents an example of applying a protein engineering strategy for the creation of a plant-tolerated, zymogen-like form of an otherwise toxic protein. This approach may outline a novel path to address challenges associated with utilizing toxic proteins in certain biotechnological applications.
Construction of Local Field Potential Microelectrodes for <em>in vivo</em> Recordings from Multiple Brain Structures Simultaneously (2022)

Researchers often need to record local field potentials (LFPs) simultaneously from several brain structures. Recording from multiple desired brain regions requires different microelectrode designs, but commercially available microelectrode arrays often do not offer such flexibility. Here, the present protocol outlines the straightforward design of custom-made microelectrode arrays to record LFPs from multiple brain structures simultaneously at different depths. This work describes the construction of the bilateral cortical, striatal, ventrolateral thalamic, and nigral microelectrodes as an example. The outlined design principle offers flexibility, and the microelectrodes can be modified and customized to record LFPs from any structure by calculating stereotaxic coordinates and quickly changing the construction accordingly to target different brain regions in either freely moving or anesthetized mice. The microelectrode assembly requires standard tools and supplies. These custom microelectrode arrays allow investigators to easily design microelectrode arrays in any configuration to track neuronal activity, providing LFP recordings with millisecond resolution.
Cu(tmen)(acac)+ as an Ultraviolet−Visible Spectroscopic Probe for the Surface Hydrogen Bond Accepting Ability of Anions Adsorbed to Silica and Chemically Functionalized Silicas (1998)

A linear solvation energy relationship is employed to characterize the specific surface polarity of organically modified silica particles. The surface polarity of silicas can be quantitatively described by three independent terms, the dipolarity/polarizability (π*), the hydrogen-bond donating ability (α), and the hydrogen-bond accepting (HBA) ability (β). These terms can be defined using the Kamlet−Taft solvent parameters α, β, and π* as a reference system. The HBA property β of organically modified silica surfaces and anions adsorbed to silica has been determined by measuring the energy of the d−d* transition (νmax) of adsorbed Cu(tmen)(acac)+X- [X- = Cl-, Br-, NO3-, CH3CO2-, and B(C6H5)4-]. νmax correlates linearly with the β parameter of the solvents. Cu(tmen)(acac)+B(C6H5)4- is used as a β indicator for the organically functionalized silicas because the nonnucleophilic anion B(C6H5)4- does not interact with residual silanols. Cu(tmen)(acac)+Cl-, Br-, NO3-, and CH3CO2- are adsorbed to residual silanols due to the higher basicity of the counteranion. The correspondence between the residual silanol acidity and the basicity of the functional groups of specific silica samples is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Transition‐Metal‐Doped KTiOPO4 and Lanthanoid‐Doped RbTiOAsO4 Isomorphs That Absorb Visible Light. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thermally Expanded Graphite Incorporated with PEDOT:PSS Based Anode for Microbial Fuel Cells with High Bioelectricity Production (2022)

Modification of anodes with highly biocompatible materials could enhance bacterial adhesion, growth, and improve the rate of electron-transfer ability in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). As such, there has been increasing interest in the development of innovative anode materials to prepare high-performance MFCs. We report the synthesis of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) doped with thermally expanded graphite (TEG) composite coated carbon felt (CF) as anode for MFCs. For this purpose, as-synthesized PEDOT:PSS/TEG composite was characterized using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies which indicated successful incorporation of TEG within PEDOT:PSS film. Furthermore, the electrochemical activity of the PEDOT:PSS/TEG coated CF was employed as the anode in the MFCs with sewage water as an anolyte. PEDOT:PSS/TEG@CF anode exhibited higher ion-transfer ability, superior bio-electrochemical conductivity, and excellent capacitance. Using the PEDOT:PSS/TEG@CF anode, we have constructed MFCs which exhibited good power (68.7 mW m −2 ) and current (969.3 mA m −2 ) densities compared to the unmodified CF based anode. The reliability of the MFCs performance was also investigated by testing three independently prepared MFCs with PEDOT:PSS/TEG@CF anodes which all showed a constant voltage (∼540 mV) due to the higher stability and biocompatibility of PEDOT:PSS/TEG@CF.
Impact of lignification of corn stover fractions on cell wall degradation by rumen microorganisms and response to ammonia treatment (1993)

Changes in cell wall composition and in vitro degradation of corn stover fractions (leaf, upper stem and lower stem) with advancing maturity and in response to NH; treatment were determined, and possible inhibitory mechanisms of lignin were evaluated. With advancing maturity, IVDMD decreased (P<.001), associated with decreases (P<.001) in CP and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and increases (P<.001) in NDF and ADF. The IVDMD of leaf was higher (P<.001) than of stems, associated with higher CP, hemicellulose:cellulose, and arabinan:xylan, and lower lignin methoxyl content. A hypothesis of formation of reactive quinone methide intermediates from lignin during rumen fermentation was tested in vitro by incubating corn stover fractions with S-containing reducing agents. Sulphur incorporation into residual fiber occurred (P<.05), indicative of nucleophilic addition to quinone methide intermediates. Degradation of NDF was highly correlated with lignin methoxyl content. The impact of lignin on cellulose degradation was studied using lignocellulosic hydrogels, in which hydroxypropylated or unmodified hardwood lignin was blended with cellulose. In vitro cellulose degradation of lignocellulose blends was higher (P<.01) than of control. Addition of lignin at incubation depressed (P<.01) cellulose degradation. Hydroxypropylation enhanced (P<.001) the increase in cellulose degradation with lignin blending, and reduced (P<.001) the inhibitory effect of lignin addition at incubation. Treatment of drought-stressed corn stover with 3% aqueous NH₃ decreased (P<.05) NDF, compared to isonitrogenous NH₃ addition and control, associated with solubilization of hemicellulose. Esterified phenolic acids were released (P<.05) by NH₃ treatment in upper stem. The IVDMD and NDF degradation increased (P <.001) after ammoniation, with higher (P<.05) values for NH₃ treatment than NH₃ added in leaf. The in vitro response to ammoniation of fractions of drought-stressed and non-drought stressed corn stover harvested in subsequent years was compared, using N-sufficient and N-limiting buffers. Response was highest (P<.001) for non-drought stressed stover fractions, and in N-limiting medium. Response appeared to be affected by high concentration of WSC in lower stalks of drought-stressed stover.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Cancer-Associated Adipose Tissue Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Paracrine Oncostatin M and Jak/STAT3 Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental materials and methods in addition to those mentioned in the manuscript.&lt;/p&gt;
Numerical Model of the Low Temperature Geothermal Area for Direct use in Pohang, South Korea (2013)

Abstract We determined the horizontal boundary of a watershed in the study area for numerical simulation, in order to facilitate the direct use of geothermal water. The geothermal gradient of the research well is about 30.0 °C/km and the measured temperature is 91 °C at a depth of 2000 m. The initial water table is located at 360 m depth and 32.6 m drawdown was observed when the pumping rate was 400 m 3 /day over 55 hours. Coupled fluid and heat transport simulations were conducted using the data of hydraulic tests and well inventory. In order to test the numerical model we used several pumping rates and a recharge rate. Simulated water levels at layers of the numerical model were evaluated from the hydrogeologic data of the study area.
Role of Intermolecular Interactions on the Electronic and Geometric Structure of a Largeπ-Conjugated Molecule Adsorbed on a Metal Surface (2008)

The organic semiconductor molecule 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) exhibits two adsorption states on the Ag(111) surface: one in a metastable disordered phase, prepared at low temperatures, the other in the long-range ordered monolayer phase obtained at room temperature. Notably, the two states differ substantial in their vertical bonding distances, intramolecular distortions, and electronic structures. The difference is explained by intermolecular interactions, which are particularly relevant for the long-range ordered phase, and which hence require attention.
In vitro induced imbalance between stromelysin and TIMP-1 production by human chondrocytes (1999)

peer reviewed
Ultra-low power data storage for sensor networks (2009)

Local storage is required in many sensor network applications, both for archival of detailed event information, as well as to overcome sensor platform memory constraints. Recent gains in energy efficiency of new-generation NAND flash storage have strengthened the case for in-network storage by data-centric sensor network applications. We argue that current storage solutions offering a simple file system abstraction are inadequate for sensor applications to exploit storage. Instead, we propose Capsule—a rich, flexible and portable object storage abstraction that offers stream, file, array, queue and index storage objects for data storage and retrieval. Further, Capsule supports checkpointing and rollback of object state for fault tolerance. Our experiments demonstrate that Capsule provides platform independence, greater functionality and greater energy efficiency than existing storage solutions.