gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on the Conversion of Ortho to Para Hydrogen (2007)

The conversion reaction of ortho to para hydrogen was studied. The percentage of ortho and para hydrogen is mainly dependent on the equilibrium temperature. Because this reaction is known to be accelerated by the catalyst such as nickel-silicate and ruthenium on silica, we focused in the test and development of the catalysts. We studied metal-silicates because they provide high metal dispersion on support. Nickel-silicate, ruthenium-silicate and mixed-silicate were prepared by the coprecipitation method and used in the reaction at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The conversion was measured by the difference of thermal conductivity between reference gas and sample gas. The activation condition was important and it affected the activities of the catalysts. Nickel-silicate showed high activities. Ruthenium-silicate also showed relative high activities but mixed-silicate showed poor activities.
Euthyroid and primarily hypothyroid patients develop milder and significantly more asymmetrical Graves ophthalmopathy (2009)

The knowledge about the phenotype of GO in primarily euthyroid and hypothyroid patients is helpful for differential diagnosis and patient consultation. TRAb titres are very low in these patients, and the availability of a sensitive assay technique is therefore an important diagnostic tool in euthyroid and hypothyroid patients.
Continuous Flow Synthesis of Ketones from Carbon Dioxide and Organolithium or Grignard Reagents (2014)

We describe an efficient continuous flow synthesis of ketones from CO2 and organolithium or Grignard reagents that exhibits significant advantages over conventional batch conditions in suppressing undesired symmetric ketone and tertiary alcohol byproducts. We observed an unprecedented solvent-dependence of the organolithium reactivity, the key factor in governing selectivity during the flow process. A facile, telescoped three-step-one-flow process for the preparation of ketones in a modular fashion through the in-line generation of organometallic reagents is also established.
Ideal RESURF Geometries (2015)

In order to maximize the OFF-state breakdown voltage (BV) of semiconductor devices, the slope of the electric field in the drift extension along the current flow direction (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> field) should be zero. This is achieved using the reduced surface field (RESURF) effect. This paper demonstrates a method to construct devices that obey Poisson's equation and satisfy the ideal RESURF condition giving zero slope in Ex throughout the 2-D device region. The designs are obtained by shaping the device geometry and the boundaries and by applying the proper potentials at the boundaries. Using this method, ideal designs of the drift extension have been derived for devices based on graded doping, graded thickness, and graded field-plate potential. In addition, 2-D solutions have been derived for periodic superjunction device geometries. A solution for devices that combine several types of field shaping is demonstrated. Finally, the effect of nonideal geometries on the BV in more realistic geometries is discussed.
Microenvironmental topographic cues influence migration dynamics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells from tumour spheroids (2020)

Tumour metastasis is a complex process that strongly influences the prognosis and treatment of cancer. Apart from intracellular factors, recent studies have indicated that metastasis also depends on microenvironmental factors such as the biochemical, mechanical and topographical properties of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) of tumours. In this study, as a proof of concept, we conducted tumour spheroid dissemination assay on engineered surfaces with micrograting patterns. Nasopharyngeal spheroids were generated by the 3D culture of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC43) cells, a newly established cell line that maintains a high level of Epstein-Barr virus, a hallmark of NPC. Three types of collagen I-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates were used, with 15 μm deep "trenches" that grated the surfaces: (a) 40/10 μm ridges (R)/trenches (T), (b) 18/18 μm (R/T) and (c) 50/50 μm (R/T). The dimensions of these patterns were designed to test how various topographical cues, different with respect to the size of tumour spheroids and individual NPC43 cells, might affect dissemination behaviours. Spreading efficiencies on all three patterned surfaces, especially 18/18 μm (R/T), were lower than that on flat PDMS surface. The outspreading cell sheets on flat and 40/10 μm (R/T) surfaces were relatively symmetrical but appeared ellipsoid and aligned with the main axes of the 18/18 μm (R/T) and 50/50 μm (R/T) grating platforms. Focal adhesions (FAs) were found to preferentially formed on the ridges of all patterns. The number of FAs per spheroid was strongly influenced by the grating pattern, with the least FAs on the 40/10 μm (R/T) and the most on the 50/50 μm (R/T) substrate. Taken together, these data indicate a previously unknown effect of surface topography on the efficiency and directionality of cancer cell spreading from tumour spheroids, suggesting that topography, like ECM biochemistry and stiffness, can influence the migration dynamics in 3D cell culture models.
Gene Transfer to the Nigrostriatal System by Hybrid Herpes Simplex Virus/Adeno-Associated Virus Amplicon Vectors (1999)

To improve gene transfer to CNS neurons, critical elements of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) amplicons and recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors were combined to construct a hybrid amplicon vector, and then packaged via a helper virus-free system. We tested the HSV/AAV hybrid amplicon vectors for transduction efficiency and stability of transgene expression (green fluorescent protein) in primary neuronal cultures from rat fetal ventral mesencephalon, in comparison with traditional HSV amplicon, AAV, or adenovirus (Ad) vectors at the same multiplicity of infection. The HSA/AAV hybrid vectors transduced the highest number of primary neurons in culture 2 days after infection. As compared with all other vectors tested, only hybrid vectors containing the AAV rep gene maintained the 2-day level of transgene expression over 12 days in culture. This rep-containing hybrid vector was then tested for efficiency and safety in the brain. One month after injection into adult rat striatum (1 x 10(6) transducing units injected), transgene expression was observed within the striatum (ranging from 564 to 8610 cells) and the substantia nigra (via retrograde transport, ranging from 130 to 809 neurons). The HSV/AAV hybrid amplicon vectors transduced predominantly neurons within the striatum, and showed transduction efficacy similar to and in many cases higher than that of HSV amplicon vectors. No immune response was observed in the HSA/AAV hybrid vector-injected brains, as determined by immune markers specific for helper T lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and microglia. This HSV/AAV hybrid system shows high transduction efficiency and stability in culture. The effective and safe transgene delivery into the nigrostriatal system illustrates its potential for therapeutic application for neurologic disorders, such as Parkinson and Huntington disease.
Trend of wireless communication systems and wide-band circuits (2004)

Due to requirements for large-capacity data communication, the bandwidth of wireless communication systems such as cellular phones and wireless LAN has been increased. In this paper, the recent trends of wireless communication systems are reviewed with an emphasis on the receiver analog front end. In addition, a design technique for wide-band circuits is described, with the mixer in the receiver as an example. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(4): 1–10, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20146
Utilizing Ge interlayer and patterned substrate to improve the contact resistance of n-GaN (2014)

This paper is demonstrated the effect of Ge interlayer and patterned substrate to form low resistance Ohmic contact of n-GaN. The Ge interlayer is acted as heavily n-type dopant atoms at the interface of metal and n-GaN to enhance carrier tunneling. The patterned substrate is designed to increase the annealing temperature at the interface of the metal and n-GaN. Contact resistances were derived from the plot of the measured resistance versus gap spacing by TLM (Transmission Line Model). After annealing at 400 °C for 5mins, It is shown that, Al (300nm)/Ti (30nm)/Ge (10nm)/ pit-patterned n-GaN substrate scheme exhibit ohmic contact behavior with a resistivity of 3.49×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> Ω-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The low contact resistance is formed by Al (300nm)/Ti (30nm)/Ge (10nm)/pit-patterned n-GaN substrate scheme, and it is compare with Al (300nm)/Ti (30nm)/n-GaN substrate. Therefore, this results show that utilizing Ge interlayer and patterned substrate could serve as an important processing tool for forming low-resistance Ohmic contacts of n-GaN.
Generate, Annotate, and Learn: Generative Models Advance Self-Training and Knowledge Distillation. (2021)

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has seen success in many application domains, but this success often hinges on the availability of task-specific unlabeled data. Knowledge distillation (KD) has enabled compressing deep networks and ensembles, achieving the best results when distilling knowledge on fresh task-specific unlabeled examples. However, task-specific unlabeled data can be challenging to find. We present a general framework called generate, annotate, and learn (GAL) that uses unconditional generative models to synthesize in-domain unlabeled data, helping advance SSL and KD on different tasks. To obtain strong task-specific generative models, we adopt generic generative models, pretrained on open-domain data, and fine-tune them on inputs from specific tasks. Then, we use existing classifiers to annotate generated unlabeled examples with soft pseudo labels, which are used for additional training. When self-training is combined with samples generated from GPT2-large, fine-tuned on the inputs of each GLUE task, we outperform a strong RoBERTa-large baseline on the GLUE benchmark. Moreover, KD on GPT-2 samples yields a new state-of-the-art for 6-layer transformers on the GLUE leaderboard. Finally, self-training with GAL offers significant gains on image classification on CIFAR-10 and four tabular tasks from the UCI repository
Adaptive optics methods in interferometry (1982)

An analysis is made of the possibility of using adaptive optics techniques in laser interferometers. The influence of wavefront distortions, caused by atmospheric turbulence, on the operation of interferometers is studied. The problems of organization of control in adaptive interferometers are discussed. The results are given of an experimental investigation of an adaptive interferometer with correction of the wavefront tilts.
MERFISH data for "Intratumoral dendritic cell–CD4+ T helper cell niches enable CD8+ T cell differentiation following PD-1 blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma" (2023)

MERFISH datasets for the publication "Intratumoral dendritic cell–CD4<sup>+</sup> T helper cell niches enable CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell differentiation following PD-1 blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma" (Nature Medicine, 2023), generated in collaboration between the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Vizgen. See the README.xlsx for descriptions of each dataset. Requests for code can be directed to the corresponding authors, and the code will be provided within 30 days and without restrictions. Please cite our Nature Medicine paper (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02345-0) if you utilize these datasets.
Cardiodynamic Interactions between Two S1P1 Receptor Modulators in an Experimental Clinical Setting: Different Pharmacokinetic Properties as an Opportunity to Mitigate First-Dose Heart Rate Effects (2019)

A decrease in heart rate (HR) is a well-established first-dose effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate subtype 1 receptor (S1P1R) modulators. For compounds with a short half-life (<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>), this can be mitigated by gradual up-titration to therapeutic doses, whereas this is not required for compounds with a long <i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> due to the less pronounced first-dose-related negative chronotropic effects. Based on this conceptual framework, this mechanistic study investigated whether first-dose HR effects of ponesimod (<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> ~32 h) can be mitigated by prior administration of cenerimod (<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> ~415 h). Healthy subjects (<i>n</i> = 12) were randomly assigned to active or placebo (2:1 ratio). Active treatment consisted of a single dose of 10 mg ponesimod on Day 1, 18, and 37 and multiple-dose administration of 2 mg once daily cenerimod (Day 9-36). Placebos of cenerimod and ponesimod were used as reference treatment. Cardiodynamic parameters were derived from 24 h Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) assessments on Day 1, 9, 10, 18, 36, and 37. Ponesimod (10 mg) alone triggered a transient mean decrease from baseline in hourly mean HR of 17 bpm. In contrast, decreases of 5.0 and 4.8 bpm were observed when ponesimod was given at near half steady-state (Day 18) or steady-state (Day 37) cenerimod, respectively. Hourly mean HR decreased after first administration of cenerimod and placebo was 7.4 and 4.0 bpm, respectively. Treatment with ponesimod and cenerimod alone or in combination was safe and tolerated. First-dose-related negative chronotropic effects of ponesimod were less pronounced when administered after initiation of cenerimod suggesting mitigation of this class-related liability.
Deposition and Evaluation of Protective PVD Coatings on Ferritic Stainless Steel SOFC Interconnects (2006)

Reduced operating temperatures of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) may enable the use of inexpensive ferritic steels as interconnects. Due to the demanding SOFC interconnect operating environment, protective coatings are gaining attention to increase long-term stability. In this study, large area filtered arc deposition and hybrid filtered arc deposition-assisted electron beam physical vapor deposition technologies were used to deposit two-segment coatings with -based bottom segment and top segment. The bottom segment serves as a diffusion barrier and bond segment, while the top segment is meant to increase electrical conductivity and inhibit Cr volatility. Coatings were deposited on ferritic steel and subsequently annealed in air for various time intervals. Surface oxidation was investigated using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometry analyses. Cr volatilization was evaluated using a transpiration apparatus and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis of the resultant condensate. Electrical conductivity (area specific resistance, ASR), was studied as a function of time using the four-point technique. Significant improvement in oxidation resistance, Cr volatility, and ASR were observed in the coated versus uncoated samples. Transport mechanisms for various oxidizing species and coating diffusion barrier properties are discussed.
Modeling of writable thin film liquid metal phase change material for electronics cooling (2017)

Probably the most trending technology in electronics today is wearable and flexible electronics. Flexible electronics are electronic circuits fabricated on flexible surfaces and offer many advantages. Similar to conventional electronics, thermal management of flexible electronics is a formidable challenge. In addition to high heat fluxes from the miniaturization of electronics' components, thermal management of flexible electronics must be adapted to the flexible and stretchable nature of the technology. In this work, we numerically study the thermal performance of thin film liquid metal PCMs for the thermal management of flexible electronics. Using 1-D (axial direction) transient conduction along with the enthalpy method, the temperature distribution within the liquid metal PCM was investigated as a function of length, thermal properties, and unsteady heat load. The results showed the existence of three important regions within which there exists an optimal PCM configuration and operating condition. Because PCMs are most suited for transient heat load applications, which is the case for many electronics, we studied the effects of transient heat load's periodicity and duration on the thermal performance of the liquid metal PCMs. The results showed that with a base load resulting in a chip temperature just below the PCM's melting temperature, optimal periodic heat loads can be achieved to maintain the chip at an acceptable operating temperature.
Clinical evaluation of a newly developed graft inserter (NS Endo-Inserter) for Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (2018)

Our newly developed graft inserter for DSAEK may cause significantly less EC damage than the conventional pull-through technique using the Busin glide. Our inserter permits safe endothelial graft delivery without anterior chamber collapse and can result in successful graft attachment without complications at 6 months after surgery.
Use of electrical imaging and distributed temperature sensing methods to characterize surface water–groundwater exchange regulating uranium transport at the Hanford 300 Area, Washington (2010)

We explored the use of continuous waterborne electrical imaging (CWEI), in conjunction with fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensor (FO‐DTS) monitoring, to improve the conceptual model for uranium transport within the Columbia River corridor at the Hanford 300 Area, Washington. We first inverted resistivity and induced polarization CWEI data sets for distributions of electrical resistivity and polarizability, from which the spatial complexity of the primary hydrogeologic units was reconstructed. Variations in the depth to the interface between the overlying coarse‐grained, high‐permeability Hanford Formation and the underlying finer‐grained, less permeable Ringold Formation, an important contact that limits vertical migration of contaminants, were resolved along ∼3 km of the river corridor centered on the 300 Area. Polarizability images were translated into lithologic images using established relationships between polarizability and surface area normalized to pore volume ( S por ). The FO‐DTS data recorded along 1.5 km of cable with a 1 m spatial resolution and 5 min sampling interval revealed subreaches showing (1) temperature anomalies (relatively warm in winter and cool in summer) and (2) a strong correlation between temperature and river stage (negative in winter and positive in summer), both indicative of reaches of enhanced surface water–groundwater exchange. The FO‐DTS data sets confirm the hydrologic significance of the variability identified in the CWEI and reveal a pattern of highly focused exchange, concentrated at springs where the Hanford Formation is thickest. Our findings illustrate how the combination of CWEI and FO‐DTS technologies can characterize surface water–groundwater exchange in a complex, coupled river‐aquifer system.
Geometric Construction-Based Realization of Spatial Elastic Behaviors in Parallel and Serial Manipulators (2018)

This paper addresses the realization of spatial elastic behavior with a parallel or a serial manipulator. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a manipulator (either parallel or serial) to realize a specific elastic behavior are presented and interpreted in terms of the manipulator geometry. These conditions completely decouple the requirements on component elastic properties from the requirements on mechanism kinematics. New construction-based synthesis procedures for spatial elastic behaviors are developed. With these synthesis procedures, one can select each elastic component of a parallel (or serial) mechanism based on the geometry of a restricted space of allowable candidates. With each elastic component selected, the space of allowable candidates is further restricted. For each stage of the selection process, the geometry of the remaining allowable space is described.
First Responder: Persistent Memory Simultaneously as High Performance Buffer Cache and Storage. (2021)

Persistent Memory (PM) is a new media with favorable characteristics that can vastly improve storage I/O performance. While new PM based file systems have been developed to exploit PM, most work have not been successful in fully integrating PM media with traditional storage media such as SSDs and HDDs. We present First Responder (FR), a means to exploit the beneficial features of PM, while making use of modern and mature file systems such as Ext4 developed for traditional storage devices. Conceptually, FR is much like a buffer cache, but much more is involved such as maintaining consistency under failure and providing featherweight management overhead. FR brings about multiple benefits. First, we retain the maturity of existing file systems allowing deployment of FR at settings where traditional file systems are deployed. Second, traditional storage devices supported by these file systems can be used allowing easy integration of PM with traditional storage. Finally, FR allows in-order file system semantics at close to PM device latency. With experimental evaluations with the Intel DC PMM, we show that FR, when used in cache form, can outperform Ext4 by more than 9??, while providing durable in-order file system semantics, whereas Ext4 cannot. We also show that when used as part of a typical file system, performance is comparable with NOVA and Ext4-DAX.
Constraint management in fuel cells: a fast reference governor approach (2005)

The air supply system in a fuel cell may be susceptible to saturation during transient driving conditions. The air compressor surge and choke can disrupt the flow of air into the cathode and negatively impact fuel cell power generation. Low partial oxygen pressure in the cathode can damage the stack and reduce its life. A load governor, added to the air supply control system, can monitor the transients and prevent constraint violation by modifying the reference current command to the fuel cell stack. In this paper, we develop such a load governor using two approaches. The first approach is based on on-line model predictive control and the second approach utilizes a fast reference governor. We discuss the performance and computational requirements of each method. We propose a modification to the fast reference governor design to make it applicable to a nonlinear plant.
Supplementary Figures 1-3, Tables 1-2 from A Susceptibility Locus on Chromosome 6q Greatly Increases Lung Cancer Risk among Light and Never Smokers (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-3, Tables 1-2 from A Susceptibility Locus on Chromosome 6q Greatly Increases Lung Cancer Risk among Light and Never Smokers
Session details: Overlay & peer-to-peer networks (2003)

No abstract available.
Advanced Completions for Injection Applications (2002)

Abstract We present results of modeling studies of injection schemes with wells using new completions technology, and address how these are applied or envisaged for the fulfillment of field development strategies in offshore environments.