gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Measurement of Starch Synthesizing Enzymes in Permeabilized Potato Tuber Slices (1990)

Osmotically permeabilized potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber slices were used to study the biosynthesis of starch under semi in vivo conditions. Criteria to distinguish the various enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis were developed based on the characteristics of the enzymes in in vitro experiments. Branching enzyme activity was inhibited at pH 8.5 or higher, while the starch synthases functioned optimally between pH 8.8 and 9.1. Unprimed soluble starch synthase activity was only apparent in the presence of sodium citrate (0.4 molar or higher). Granulebound and primed soluble starch synthase were active in the absence of sodium citrate. Primed soluble starch synthase activity was susceptible to inhibition by 10 millimolar zinc sulfate, while granule-bound starch synthase activity was not. The incorporation of the Glc moiety of ADP-Glc into starch in tissue slices by the various starch synthases was consistent with in vitro data with respect to the affinity of the enzymes for substrate, the pH profile, the stimulation by citrate, and the inhibition by zinc sulfate. These data were used to determine the activity of each of the starch synthases in tissue slices: granule-bound and soluble starch synthase transferred 37 and 55 picomoles ADP-Glc per hour per milligram fresh weight into starch of permeabilized tissue slices at 30 degrees C and pH 9.1. In the presence of 0.5 molar sodium citrate, at least 40 picomoles ADP-Glc per hour per milligram fresh weight as transferred into starch by unprimed soluble starch synthase activity.
Energy and particle flow in three-jet and radiative two-jet events from hadronic Z decays (1995)

We report on a detailed study of the energy and particle flow in the event plane of three-jet events (qqg) and radiative two-jet events (qqγ) in hadronic Z decays recorded with the L3 detector. We find a significant decrease in particle and energy density in the angular region between quark and antiquark jets for qqg events as compared with qqγ events. Several QCD model predictions are compared with the observed effect.
Gasification of Coal in a Slagging Pressure Gasifier (1967)

The development of a pilot-scale sfoggirig gasifier for producing more than 5 X 106 cu. ft./day of gas from weakly caking bituminous coal at 20 atm. is described. An intermittent slag discharge system was used which allowed the slag to be tapped at a rate of more than 10,000 lb./hr. Performance data are given for the operation of the gasifier on coke, a washed 902-rank coal, an untreated coal, and a coal with a high fusion point ash. The results confirmed that the slagging gasifier had a high output, low steam consumption, and that coals with a wide range of ash fusion temperatures could be gasified.
Lymphoid and myeloid biomarkers for clinical outcome of combined immunotherapy with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-tranduced allogeneic prostate cancer cells (GVAX) and ipilimumab in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. (2012)

2562 Background: In a phase-I dose escalation trial in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer we showed that GVAX and ipilimumab had an acceptable safety profile. Moreover, we observed tumor responses and prolonged survival as compared to the Halabi predicted overall survival (OS). However, ipilimumab can also lead to severe immune-related adverse events. To avoid unnecessary exposure to this risk, it is essential to identify biomarkers that correlate with clinical activity. Methods: Patients had castration-resistant prostate cancer and were chemotherapy-naïve. They received bi-weekly GVAX for a 24 week period combined with monthly intravenous administrations of ipilimumab. Each cohort of 3 patients received an escalating dose of ipilimumab at 0·3, 1·0, 3·0 or 5·0 mg/kg. In an expansion cohort 16 patients were treated with GVAX and 3·0 mg/kg ipilimumab. Flowcytometric monitoring of lymphoid and myeloid subsets in blood were performed. Results: We observed a significantly prolonged OS for patients with high pre-treatment frequencies of CD4+CTLA-4+, CD4+PD-1+, or differentiated CD8+ T cells, or low pre-treatment frequencies of differentiated CD4+ T cells or CD4+CD25 hi FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. In contrast, increased frequencies of granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) and high pre-treatment frequencies of monocytic CD14+HLA-DR lo/- MDSC were associated with reduced OS. Treatment-induced CD4+ T cell differentiation and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation was associated with clinical benefit. Moreover, treatment-induced activation of CD1c+ conventional Dendritic Cells (cDC) and 6-sulfo LacNAc+ inflammatory DC were associated with significantly prolonged OS. Conclusions: Together these data provide an immune profile to predict clinical outcome. Importantly, cluster analysis revealed pre-treatment, CRPC-associated expression of CTLA-4+ by CD4+ T cells to be a dominant predictor for OS after GVAX/ipilimumab. This potentially biomarker for patient selection should be validated in patients treated with ipilimumab.
Hen Egg‐White Lysozyme Crystallisation: Protein Stacking and Structure Stability Enhanced by a Tellurium(VI)‐Centred Polyoxotungstate (2014)

As synchrotron radiation becomes more intense, detectors become faster and structure-solving software becomes more elaborate, obtaining single crystals suitable for data collection is now the bottleneck in macromolecular crystallography. Hence, there is a need for novel and advanced crystallisation agents with the ability to crystallise proteins that are otherwise challenging. Here, an Anderson-Evans-type polyoxometalate (POM), specifically Na6 [TeW6 O24 ]⋅22 H2 O (TEW), is employed as a crystallisation additive. Its effects on protein crystallisation are demonstrated with hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL), which co-crystallises with TEW in the vicinity (or within) the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) region. The X-ray structure (PDB ID: 4PHI) determination revealed that TEW molecules are part of the crystal lattice, thus demonstrating specific binding to HEWL with electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The negatively charged TEW polyoxotungstate binds to sites with a positive electrostatic potential located between two (or more) symmetry-related protein chains. Thus, TEW facilitates the formation of protein-protein interfaces of otherwise repulsive surfaces, and thereby the realisation of a stable crystal lattice. In addition to retaining the isomorphicity of the protein structure, the anomalous scattering of the POMs was used for macromolecular phasing. The results suggest that hexatungstotellurate(VI) has great potential as a crystallisation additive to promote both protein crystallisation and structure elucidation.
(Ba0.5Sr0.5)(Co0.8Fe0.2)O3-δThin Films Derived by Metal-Organic Deposition: Preparation of Nanoscaled Surface Modifications and Electrochemical Characterization (2016)

In this study, nanoscaled (Ba0.5Sr0.5)(Co0.8Fe0.2)O3-δ (BSCF) thin films (with thicknesses below 100 nm) have been successfully deposited onto NdGaO3 single crystal substrates using a metal-organic deposition (MOD) method. In contrast to physical vapor deposition techniques, e.g. pulsed-laser deposition or magnetron sputtering, BSCF thin films formed by an MOD method provide the possibility to custom-tailor the surface morphology by subsequent annealing treatments, enabling selective surface nanostructuring. Changes of surface area or phase composition (cubic, hexagonal BSCF, others) are expected to affect the catalytic activity of oxygen-transport membranes. A study of surface morphologies achieved by a variation of the post-deposition thermal treatment is presented. The electrical properties of selected MOD thin films were determined up to 800°C and compared to data for epitaxial BSCF thin films and bulk samples. Lastly, oxygen exchange kinetics were investigated by electrical conductivity relaxation measurements analyzed, in the frequency domain, yielding oxygen surface exchange coefficients kδ(T) between 400...600°C.
Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equations (2021)

Creating noise from data is easy; creating data from noise is generative modeling. We present a stochastic differential equation (SDE) that smoothly transforms a complex data distribution to a known prior distribution by slowly injecting noise, and a corresponding reverse-time SDE that transforms the prior distribution back into the data distribution by slowly removing the noise. Crucially, the reverse-time SDE depends only on the time-dependent gradient field (a.k.a., score) of the perturbed data distribution. By leveraging advances in score-based generative modeling, we can accurately estimate these scores with neural networks, and use numerical SDE solvers to generate samples. We show that this framework encapsulates previous approaches in score-based generative modeling and diffusion probabilistic modeling, allowing for new sampling procedures and new modeling capabilities. In particular, we introduce a predictor-corrector framework to correct errors in the evolution of the discretized reverse-time SDE. We also derive an equivalent neural ODE that samples from the same distribution as the SDE, but additionally enables exact likelihood computation, and improved sampling efficiency. In addition, we provide a new way to solve inverse problems with score-based models, as demonstrated with experiments on class-conditional generation, image inpainting, and colorization. Combined with multiple architectural improvements, we achieve record-breaking performance for unconditional image generation on CIFAR-10 with an Inception score of 9.89 and FID of 2.20, a competitive likelihood of 2.99 bits/dim, and demonstrate high fidelity generation of 1024×1024 images for the first time from a score-based generative model.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal Phosphors with Cyclometalating Ligands: Fundamentals and Applications (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Seminal Tract Washout: A New Diagnostic Tool in Complicated Cases of Male Infertility (1994)

The diagnosis of azoospermia or severe oligospermia that is made using conventional techniques (testicular biopsy, epididymal exploration, and vasovesiculography) may in some cases remain a dilemma. In such circumstances, post-testicular causes of obstruction must be evaluated. Following the clinical experience acquired in a selected population of 150 severely infertile subjects, the total sperm count in the fluid obtained from the bladder after a seminal tract washout during vasovesiculography has proved to be a valid tool to diagnose the location of the (sub-)obstruction in the seminal tract in complicated cases. Some representative cases are presented. In particular, seminal tract washout (STW) helps to identify functional distal seminal tract emptying disturbances and epididymal incomplete obstruction.
AuthAR: Concurrent Authoring of Tutorials for AR Assembly Guidance (2020)

Augmented Reality (AR) can assist with physical tasks such as object assembly through the use of situated instructions. These instructions can be in the form of videos, pictures, text or guiding animations, where the most helpful media among these is highly dependent on both the user and the nature of the task. Our work supports the authoring of AR tutorials for assembly tasks with little overhead beyond simply performing the task itself. The presented system, AuthAR reduces the time and effort required to build interactive AR tutorials by automatically generating key components of the AR tutorial while the author is assembling the physical pieces. Further, the system guides authors through the process of adding videos, pictures, text and animations to the tutorial. This concurrent assembly and tutorial generation approach allows for authoring of portable tutorials that fit the preferences of different end users.
Multicore Processing and Efficient On-Chip Caching for H.264 and Future Video Decoders (2009)

Performance requirements for video decoding will continue to rise in the future due to the adoption of higher resolutions and faster frame rates. Multicore processing is an effective way to handle the resulting increase in computation. For power-constrained applications such as mobile devices, extra performance can be traded-off for lower power consumption via voltage scaling. As memory power is a significant part of system power, it is also important to reduce unnecessary on-chip and off-chip memory accesses. This paper proposes several techniques that enable multiple parallel decoders to process a single video sequence; the paper also demonstrates several on-chip caching schemes. First, we describe techniques that can be applied to the existing H.264 standard, such as multiframe processing. Second, with an eye toward future video standards, we propose replacing the traditional raster-scan processing with an interleaved macroblock ordering; this can increase parallelism with minimal impact on coding efficiency and latency. The proposed architectures allow <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> parallel hardware decoders to achieve a speedup of up to a factor of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> . For example, if <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> =3, the proposed multiple frame and interleaved entropy slice multicore processing techniques can achieve performance improvements of 2.64times and 2.91times, respectively. This extra hardware performance can be used to decode higher definition videos. Alternatively, it can be traded-off for dynamic power savings of 60% relative to a single nominal-voltage decoder. Finally, on-chip caching methods are presented that significantly reduce off-chip memory bandwidth, leading to a further increase in performance and energy efficiency. Data-forwarding caches can reduce off-chip memory reads by 53%, while using a last-frame cache can eliminate 80% of the off-chip reads. The proposed techniques were validated and benchmarked using full-system Verilog hardware simulations based on an existing decoder; they should also be applicable to most other decoder architectures. The metrics used to evaluate the ideas in this paper are performance, power, area, memory efficiency, coding efficiency, and input latency.
IANA Registry Updates for Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) (2018)

This document describes a number of changes to (D)TLS IANA registries
that range from adding notes to the registry all the way to changing
the registration policy. These changes were mostly motivated by WG
review of the (D)TLS-related registries undertaken as part of the
TLS1.3 development process. This document updates the following RFCs:
3749, 5077, 4680, 5246, 5705, 5878, 6520, 7301.
Error mitigation for untrained data utilizing generative model in vehicle shape estimation with millimeter-wave radar by deep neural network (2021)

Deep Neural Network (DNN) can provide highly accurate recognition for trained data, however, the estimation error for untrained data cannot be controlled. This is an essential challenge of generalizability in machine learning, and it is difficult to solve fundamentally. To solve this problem, we embed the inherent knowledge of the model to be estimated into the training model and impose parameter constraints to prevent deviation from the model so that generalizability is improved. Also, we trained the model with self-supervised learning using Variational Auto Encoder (V AE) on the training data, and evaluated the reconstruction error for the input data to judge the reliability of the estimation results. If the reliability is judged to be low, we switch to the deductive model, which does not cause large errors. This will suppress the maximum error. In this paper, we applied this method to the shape estimation of parking vehicles using a millimeter-wave radar. A parametric model with a minimum number of parameters was designed to represent the vehicle shape, which was trained by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to estimate the shape. The estimation reliability is predicted using the model trained with self-supervised learning by V AE. When the reliability is judged to be low, the position error is corrected based on the reflection pattern of a millimeter-wave radar. We confirmed that a large error for untrained data can be suppressed using actual parking data.
THE ABUNDANCE AND MOVEMENTS OF LUDWIG'S BUSTARD NEOTIS LUDWIGII (1994)

Summary Allan, D.G. 1994. The abundance and movements of Ludwig's Bustard Neotis ludwigii. Ostrich 65: 95–105. An analysis of bird-atlas data, road counts, an aerial census, and landowners' comments confirmed that Ludwig's Bustard Neotis ludwigii is a winter migrant to the winter-rainfall Succulent Karoo biome. In addition, the species appears to migrate seasonally between the Namib and Namibian Escarpment regions. There is no evidence, however, that the abundance of the species decreases in the summer-rainfall Nama Karoo biome during the winter. There was a Significant positive correlation between Ludwig's Bustard densities, as measured during road counts, and the total rainfall in the three months before each count, but this explained relatively little of the variation in Ludwig's Bustard densities. The total population size of the species was estimated at between 56 000 and 81000 individuals.
Picosecond Time-Resolved Bleaching Dynamics of Self-Assembled Quantum Dots (2004)

Picosecond bleaching dynamics of vertically stacked self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) is investigated by means of time-resolved pump-probe differential reflection spectroscopy (TRDR) at room temperature (RT). We observe that the absorption spectrum, which represents the QD density of states at RT, is strongly shifted with respect to the photoluminescence spectrum. This shift can not be interpreted by carrier emission and re-trapping alone. TRDR allows us to study the dynamics of the pump generated carriers within the QDs. From the time-resolved measurements, we detect that the bleaching decay time has a strong energy dependence and is dominated by radiative and nonradiative recombination at low energy and by carrier emission at high energy.
Data Broadcasting and Interactive Television (2006)

This paper provides an overview of the digital television (DTV) data broadcast service and interactive service technologies that have been deployed over the last ten years. We show how these trials have led to the development of data protocol and software middleware specifications, worldwide. Particular attention is given to the series of standards established by the Advanced Television System Committee. Experimental deployments to both Personal Computer(PC) and Set-Top-Box (STB)/spl I.bar/receivers are considered, with an emphasis on the services that have introduced new business models for DTV operators.
Evaluation of a Chitosan Hemostat in a Porcine Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Model: A Pilot Study (2019)

<b><i>Background and Objective:</i></b> The ideal hemostatic agent for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) would provide complete hemostasis and sealing of the collecting system at a low cost. Chitosan (CS) is an established topical hemostatic agent, but standard sterilization techniques affect its functional and biologic properties, thereby preventing parenteral uses. This study sought to characterize the safety and efficacy of an implanted CS hemostat sterilized with either a standard technique, electron beam (e-beam) irradiation, or a novel technique, nonthermal nitrogen plasma, in a porcine LPN model. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Laparoscopic partial nephrectomies were performed on six farm pigs and hemostasis achieved using only a CS hemostatic agent (Clo-Sur P.A.D.) that was e-beam (<i>n</i> = 3) or plasma sterilized (PS) (<i>n</i> = 3). Number of pads needed to achieve hemostasis, estimated blood loss, operative time, mass of kidney resection, and warm ischemia time were measured. Animals were monitored for 14 weeks and at harvest, retrograde ureteropyelography and histologic analysis were performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Complete hemostasis and collection system sealing were achieved in both groups. There was a trend toward less pads required for hemostasis (<i>p</i> = 0.056) and reduced blood loss (<i>p</i> = 0.096) with PS pads, although this did not achieve statistical significance. No complications were observed for 14 weeks and gross examination showed the implanted CS was encapsulated in a fibrous capsule. Histologic analysis revealed a healed nephrectomy site with residual CS and associated chronic inflammation, reactive fibrosis, and foreign body giant cell formation. Importantly, the adjacent renal tissue was intact and viable with no residual parenchymal inflammation or cytologic damage. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> CS pads alone provided safe and effective hemostasis in a porcine LPN model. PS may enhance hemostatic efficacy and resorption compared with e-beam.
Effects of nitridation pressure on the characteristics of gate dielectrics annealed in N2O ambient (1999)

Effects of N/sub 2/O pressure during oxynitridation on the characteristics of ultrathin gate dielectrics have been investigated. Reoxidation in N/sub 2/O ambient showed three distinguished oxidation regions as a function of tube pressure; that is, enhancement at 10-40 torr, retardation at 40-100 torr, and enhancement at 100-600 torr. The N/sub 2/O-nitridation at 40 torr incorporated much less nitrogen in oxide bulk than that at near-atmospheric pressure. The 40 torr N/sub 2/O-nitridation case exhibited about 70% of nitrogen incorporation at the Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface compared to that of the 600 torr N/sub 2/O-nitridation case. The low-pressure N/sub 2/O-nitridation at 40 torr results in improvement of TDDB of gate dielectrics and the transconductance of nMOSFETs compared to the nitridation at near-atmospheric pressure. These data suggest that low pressure oxynitridation should be more recommendable for device application.
Stray light suppression in InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II FPA (2016)

Stray light in focal plane array (FPA) deteriorates the accuracy of hyper spectral imaging. Multiple reflections between FPA window and peripheral region of a sensor chip are considered to be the major sources of stray light. One idea for suppressing the stray light is to shield the incident light on the peripheral region of the sensor chip by narrowing the FPA window. However, it is limited by the tolerance of assembly. In this study we have examined an epoxy coating on the peripheral region such as ROIC contact pad area, AlN substrate and bonding wire. Sensor chip with InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II quantum well structures, which has the cut-off wavelength of 2.35 &mu;m, 320×256 pixels were bonded to ROIC through indium bumps, assembled to AlN substrate and to a four stage TEC. To avoid the degradation by the stress to the chip and bonding wire, low elastic modulus epoxy was selected. Stray light suppression was confirmed by the sensor signal output of epoxy coated samples, 3% contrast improvement was achieved. Further, reliability test of 10,000 heat cycles between -75&deg;C and 25&deg;C was carried out. No degradations were found in sensor characteristics of the epoxy coated sample. These results suggest that the epoxy coating in SWIR FPA is effective in suppressing the stray light and suitable for hyper spectral imaging.