gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay with Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Specific Peptides for Diagnosis of Recent Infection with M. tuberculosis after Accidental Laboratory Exposure (2006)

This report of an accidental exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a microbiological laboratory illustrates the value of gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot assay using peptides of ESAT-6, CFP-10, TB37.6, and TB7.7 for the diagnosis of latent infection. In particular, positive responses to peptides 2 to 6 of TB37.6 were observed exclusively in recently infected persons.
Boards and Wards (2003)

Abbreviations Preface List of Algorithms List of Tables 1. INTERNAL MEDICINE Cardiology Pulmonary Gastroenterology and Hepatology Nephrology Endocrinology Musculoskeletal Hematology Empiric Antibiotic Treatment for Specific Infections 2. SURGERY Fluid and Electrolytes Blood Product Replacement Perioperative Care Trauma Burns Neck Mass Differential Surgical Abdomen Esophagus Gastric Tumors Hernia Hepatic Tumors Gallbladder Exocrine Pancreas Small Intestine Colon Rectum and Anus Breast Urology Orthopedics Neurosurgery Vascular Diseases 3. OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY Obstetrics Gynecology 4. PEDIATRICS Development Infections Respiratory Disorders Musculoskeletal Metabolic Genetic and Congenital Disorders Trauma and Intoxication Adolescence 5. OUTPATIENT MEDICINE Headache Ears, Nose, and Throat Outpatient Gastrointestinal Complaints Urogenital Complaints Common Sports Medicine Complaints Nutrition Hoarseness 6. PSYCHIATRY Introduction Mood Disorders Psychosis Anxiety Disorders Personality Disorders Somatoform and Factitious Disorders Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Drugs of Abuse Miscellaneous Disorders Sleep 7. NEUROLOGY Stroke Infection and Inflammation Demyelinating Diseases Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders Seizures Degenerative Diseases 8. DERMATOLOGY Terminology Topical Steroids Infections Common Disorders Cancer Neurocutaneous Syndromes (Phakomatoses) Blistering Disorders Vector-Borne Diseases Parasitic Infections Fungal Cutaneous Disorders 9. OPHTHALMOLOGY Eyes 10. RADIOLOGY Helpful Terms and Concepts Common Radiologic Studies Common Radiologic Findings 11. EMERGENCY MEDICINE 12. ETHICS/LAW/CLINICAL SKILLS APPENDIX QUESTIONS ANSWERS Index
The Wyss Institute at Harvard University (2011)

Bioengineering transformed medicine in the last century by applying engineering principles to solve medical problems. However, engineering, biology, medicine, and the physical sciences are beginning to converge in unexpected ways. Developments in nanotechnology, genetics, and cell engineering now allow us to maipulate individual atoms, genes, molecules, and cells, as well as synthesize artificial biological systems. At the same time, progress in materials science, stem cell biology, and tissue engineering enables scientists to use adaptive synthetic materials, microdevices, microrobots, and biomolecular computational strategies to manipulate cell function, guide tissue regeneration, and control complex organ physiology. As a result, the boundary between living and nonliving systems is beginning to break down.
Perspective on the control of invasive mesquite trees and possible alternative uses (2018)

Mesquite trees continue to invade forests and range lands in many countries across the world. The cost to remove these trees is staggering. In Texas, landowners spent $25 million over a 10-year period to clear 300.000 ha of mesquite trees, a fraction of the 22 million ha of Texas land affected by this invasion. Estimates are that the mesquite continues to negatively impact one to two percent of additional land in selected counties each year in Texas. However, the problem is not unique to Texas, but rather to the 44 species of mesquite trees, belonging to the genus Prosopis found in the pea family (Fabaceae), introduced across the southern United States, South Asia, Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean. In response, researchers are searching for economically viable uses for harvested trees and seeds to provide an alternative to the high cost of removal. If viable uses for harvested mesquite trees and seeds are found, then sustained pressure will limit and ultimately reduce the negative impact from these invasive trees. One key factor to controlling this invasive species is to find economically and environmentally sustainable uses to help pay the costs of removal or perhaps make removal less necessary. Traditional uses of mesquite are as a building material, as a source of food for both animals and humans and as wood for charcoal. Emerging uses of mesquite are new applications as a biofuel and as a bio-filter medium for water. Moreover, forestry land management of mesquite has adapted to include the tree as a component of hunting lands. New control methodologies and technologies are based on an increased understanding of mesquite growth patterns, using recommended practices that reduce control and eradication costs while improving the efficiency of land management. Previous land management practices have proven that excessive application of herbicides, physical removal of mesquite trees, or human-induced brush fires, if not carefully planned, only worsen mesquite infestations. The growing problem of mesquite land management provides an opportunity for continued research into novel ways to utilize mesquite biomass, of both wood and seed pods.
H2O Condensation Coefficient and Refractive Index for Vapor-Deposited Ice from Molecular Beam and Optical Interference Measurements (1996)

The condensation of H2O on ice multilayers on Ru(001) was studied using both molecular beam and optical interference techniques as a function of surface temperature. From the beam reflection technique, the H2O sticking coefficient, S, was determined to be S = 0.99 ± 0.03 at temperatures between 85 and 150 K and was independent of incident angle (0−70°) and beam energy (1−40 kcal/mol). The condensation coefficient, α, was dependent on both the incident H2O flux and the desorption H2O flux at the various surface temperatures. The magnitude of α varied continuously from unity at T < 130 K to zero at higher temperatures. The optical interference experiments yielded condensation coefficients and sticking coefficients of α = S = 0.97 ± 0.10 at temperatures from 97 to 145 K where the H2O desorption flux was negligible with respect to the incident flux. The optical interference measurements monitored the ice film thickness versus H2O exposure time and were dependent on the refractive index, n, and the density, ρ, of the vapor-deposited ice. Consequently, the combined molecular beam and optical interference measurements provided a means to evaluate the refractive index and density for vapor-deposited ice as a function of surface temperature. The values of the refractive index varied from n = 1.27 at 90 K to n = 1.31 at 130 K. The calculated densities varied from ρ = 0.82 g/cm3 at 90 K to ρ = 0.93 g/cm3 at 130 K. Previous optical interference data were also reanalyzed to yield refractive indices and ice densities for films grown at surface temperatures between 20 and 150 K. Both the refractive index and density increased monotonically with increasing growth temperature. The lower refractive index and density at lower temperatures indicate that microporous ice films are formed when H2O deposits on substrates at T < 120 K.
Morphological and Compositional Analysis of Organic LEDs with Silicon QDs as Active Layer (SiLEDs) (2013)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Transparent Ceramic Garnet Gamma-Ray Spectrometer With Directionality (2018)

We have developed a handheld y-ray spectrometer based on 1024 pixels, 2.8 mm × 2.8 mm × 6 mm in size, of gadolinium-yttrium-gallium-aluminum garnet (GYGAG) ((Gd,Y,Ce) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (Ga,Al) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> ) ceramic scintillator (total of 48-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> detector volume) coupled to silicon photodiode (SiPD) arrays. The SiPD arrays and readout ASIC, originally developed for medical imaging applications, have been adapted for portability in a lightweight box with heatsink and thermoelectric cooling. Custom readout firmware for y-ray spectroscopy has been implemented, and a system user interface was developed that runs on an Android tablet. We have optimized the processing of the GYGAG(Ce), the pixel optical coupling, and electronics readout parameters to obtain single pixel energy resolution as good as R(662 keV) = 3.1% full-width at half-maximum and full device resolution with singles events from all pixels summed of 4.5%. When Compton-summed events are included, full-energy peak efficiency increases by ~2×, and R(662 keV) = 4.7% is obtained for the full device. The pixelated architecture is leveraged to locate point sources of radiological materials using Compton imaging and active masking techniques. Directional detection of a 1 mCi Cs-137 source at 10 m can be made to ±10° in ~2 s.
Viruses as vectors for the delivery of gene-editing reagents (2021)

A significant challenge for plant gene editing is the delivery of editing reagents to germline or regenerable cells to recover heritable genetic modifications. Reagent delivery using biolistics or Agrobacterium is only possible with a limited range of species and genotypes, and inefficient editing or lengthy tissue culture steps further limit throughput. Viruses are natural vectors for nucleic acids, and both DNA and RNA plant viruses have been engineered to extend or replace conventional vectors for delivery of gene editing reagents. Here, we review aspects of viral biology essential for engineering vectors, highlight landmark studies using viruses to overcome traditional limitations in gene editing, and outline important considerations for the use of viral vectors in new systems or for new targets. Motivated by fundamental differences in both their infection modes and utility as vectors, DNA and RNA viruses are treated separately.
Femtosecond single-beam direct laser poling of silver-doped oxide glasses : correlation between fluorescence, metallic nanoparticles precipitation and effective second-order nonlinear optical properties (2014)

We study spatial distribution, stability and correlation of linear and nonlinear optical properties made by femtosecond laser writing in silver-containing oxide glasses. The results provide relevant approaches to design nonlinear photonic structures.
Improvement of the energy recovery of traction electrical drives using supercapacitors (2008)

In the paper the possibility of improving the energy recovered during the braking of railway vehicles and reduction of power peaks during accelerating are discussed. The energy available from the regenerative braking of the motor is stored into supercapacitor sets placed on board and reused subsequently for the acceleration of the train. This auxiliary storage system allows the reduction of the losses on the line, because the power peaks are shaved by supercapacitors and, hence, the rms power supplied is reduced. In addition, also the energy consumption of the train can be reduced respect to traditional convoys, especially if the characteristic duty-cycle presents many accelerations and braking periods as the case of subways trains. The set of supercapacitors needs the use of an intermediate dc/dc converter in order to harmonize the voltage with that of the dc-link of the drive and control the power flows of the supercapacitors. The mathematical model of the whole system and the control strategy of energy management are presented. The actual possibilities of the energy recovery are shown by means of numeric simulations and expressed in percentage respect to the energy drawn during accelerations. The control strategy has been experimentally validated on a scale system made of an asynchronous drive supplied by a dc source and a set of supercapacitors as auxiliary storage device.
Linearization of a concurrent dual-band transmitter exhibiting nonlinear distortion and hardware impairments using baseband injection (2017)

This presents a one step solution to compensate for the power amplifier (PA) nonlinearities and in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) impairments for concurrent dual-band radio frequency (RF) transmitters. This technique is proposed that compensate the in-band intermodulation (IMD) and the cross-modulation distortion (CMD) products in the presence of I/Q imbalance and DC offset imperfections simultaneously using the concept of injection in the baseband block. The measurement results for a concurrent dual-band PA class AB clearly prove the effectiveness and the superiority of the porposed approach in comparison with the state of art technique.
Minimizing radial-keratotomy-induced diurnal variation in vision using contact lenses (2000)

A 41-year-old man with 16 radial keratotomy (RK) incisions in each eye reported a paradoxical diurnal variation in vision in both eyes with low Dk/L soft contact lenses. After rk, the patient experienced the conventional diurnal change a morning-to-evening mean (right and left eyes) myopic change of -1.80 diopters (D). However, while wearing low Dk/L contact lenses, a paradoxical morning-to-evening mean hyperopic change of 2.30 D was found. The diurnal variation was minimized (0.50 D) by wearing high Dk/L contact lenses. These results suggest that contact lenses can be used to treat diurnal variation in manifest refraction after RK by inducing appropriate stress.
Modèle variationnel de l'analyse autoregressive complexe et schémas numériques EDP associés (2001)

Chemical conjugation of CTL peptides to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has shown promise as a molecular adjuvant scaffold for augmentation of cellular immune responses to peptide vaccines. This study demonstrates the ease of generating complex multipeptide vaccine formulations using chemical conjugation to TMV for improved vaccine efficacy. We have tested a model foreign antigen target-the chicken ovalbumin-derived CTL peptide (Ova peptide), as well as mouse melanoma-associated CTL epitopes p15e and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (Trp2) peptides that are self-antigen targets. Ova peptide fusions to TMV, as bivalent formulations with peptides encoding additional T-help or cellular uptake via the integrin-receptor binding RGD peptide, showed improved vaccine potency evidenced by significantly enhanced numbers of antigen-reactive T cells measured by in vitro IFNgamma cellular analysis. We measured the biologically relevant outcome of vaccination in protection of mice from EG.7-Ova tumor challenge, which was achieved with only two doses of vaccine ( approximately 600 ng peptide) given without adjuvant. The p15e peptide alone or Trp2 peptide alone, or as a bivalent formulation with T-help or RGD uptake epitopes, was unable to stimulate effective tumor protection. However, a vaccine with both CTL peptides fused together onto TMV generated significantly improved survival. Interestingly, different bivalent vaccine formulations were required to improve vaccine efficacy for Ova or melanoma tumor model systems.
Structural insight into the molecular mechanism of allosteric activation of human cystathionine β-synthase by S -adenosylmethionine (2014)

Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is a heme-dependent and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent protein that controls the flux of sulfur from methionine to cysteine, a precursor of glutathione, taurine, and H2S. Deficiency of CBS activity causes homocystinuria, the most frequent disorder of sulfur amino acid metabolism. In contrast to CBSs from lower organisms, human CBS (hCBS) is allosterically activated by S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), which binds to the regulatory domain and triggers a conformational change that allows the protein to progress from the basal toward the activated state. The structural basis of the underlying molecular mechanism has remained elusive so far. Here, we present the structure of hCBS with bound AdoMet, revealing the activated conformation of the human enzyme. Binding of AdoMet triggers a conformational change in the Bateman module of the regulatory domain that favors its association with a Bateman module of the complementary subunit to form an antiparallel CBS module. Such an arrangement is very similar to that found in the constitutively activated insect CBS. In the presence of AdoMet, the autoinhibition exerted by the regulatory region is eliminated, allowing for improved access of substrates to the catalytic pocket. Based on the availability of both the basal and the activated structures, we discuss the mechanism of hCBS activation by AdoMet and the properties of the AdoMet binding site, as well as the responsiveness of the enzyme to its allosteric regulator. The structure described herein paves the way for the rational design of compounds modulating hCBS activity and thus transsulfuration, redox status, and H2S biogenesis.
Characterization and anti-friction on the solid lubrication MoS2film prepared by chemical reaction technique (2005)

To develop a new way to produce the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) solid lubrication film, the following two-step chemical reaction technique was attempted. Firstly, a Mo film was prepared by multi-arc ion plating technique, and secondly the Mo film was sulfurized by a low temperature ion sulfuration technique to obtain the MoS2 solid lubrication film. This MoS2 film was a composite film consisted of MoS2 and Mo. The lubricant MoS2 is dominant in the surface and metal Mo is dominant in the deep layer. It is an ideal frictional surface. The tribological properties showed that the solid lubrication MoS2 film possessed an excellent anti-friction property.
Rapid collection, detection, and assessment of environmental petroleum spills (1995)

The bioavailability and toxicity of petroleum oil spills were determined by a new tandem monitoring approach with a passive sorptive device for collection and concentration, and luminescent bacteria for detection. Crude oil, fuel oil, jet fuel, gasoline, and recycled motor oil, as model contaminants, were collected over eight weeks from sediment:water microcosms simulating environmental petroleum spills. Bioremediation strategies for removal of oil contaminants with organic and inorganic nutrients, heterotrophic bacterial strains, and detergent were monitored for efficacy. Air and waterborne oil contaminants was collected with a semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) that contains a thin film of triolein. Analytes were extracted from SPMDs by either dialysis or diluted with organic solvents. Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of analytes were determined with the luminescent bacterial assays Microtox{reg_sign} and Mutatox{reg_sign}. Changes in the bioavailability and toxicity of different oil products as well as influences of different bioremediation treatments were successfully monitored in aquatic microcosms over time. SPMDs and the Microtox-Mutatox systems used in combination offered a sensitive, rapid and cost-effective toxicological screening tool to assess the bioavailability of hazardous environmental oil contaminants.
Dynamic measurements of magnetically-strain tuned FBG for fast reconfigurable add/drop (2003)

We believe we report the first demonstration of a magnetically tunable fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and show a wavelength switching time of 2 ms. The center wavelength is shifted over 4 nm without introducing any discernable amplitude or phase distortion, confirmed by 10-Gbit/s system measurements.
MPC-6827, a small molecule inhibitor of microtubule formation with high brain penetration: absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and clinical considerations (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

3413 

MPC-6827 is a lead drug candidate that displays proapoptotic activity, with potency at low nanomolar concentrations in multiple cancer types including pancreatic, prostate, breast, colorectal, non-small cell lung, small cell lung, melanoma, ovarian and leukemia (Abstracts 5361 and LB252, 95th Annual Meeting of the AACR, 2004). The ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion) properties of MPC-6827 were studied to facilitate the design and implementation of clinical studies. MPC-6827 was incubated in vitro in suspensions of rat and human liver microsomes and S9 fractions. Samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry to identify primary and secondary metabolites and to predict metabolic fate. Urine from rats treated with MPC-6827 was examined by mass spectrometry for confirmation. Rat and human plasma fortified with MPC-6827 was dialyzed to equilibrium to estimate plasma protein binding. In vitro activity of MPC-6827 against cell lines over-expressing the multi-drug resistance pumps MDR-1, MRP-1 or BCRP was evaluated to estimate the potential for efflux. In vivo experiments in mice provided pharmacokinetic information on the tissue distribution of MPC-6827. MPC-6827 is highly protein bound 98.3% in rat plasma and 98.2% in human plasma. The primary metabolic products of MPC-6827 are the demethyl metabolite and its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, all found predominantly in urine. MPC-6827 distributes rapidly and extensively into the CNS, exhibiting 14-fold higher brain exposure relative to plasma and elimination half-life similar to plasma. In addition, MPC-6827 is not a substrate for the main multi-drug resistance pumps. These ADME properties suggest that MPC-6827 may be well suited for treatment of primary or metastatic tumors arising within the CNS; tumors that have progressed despite best standard treatment; or tumors that are no longer sensitive due to multi-drug efflux pumps. These targets are the subject of Phase 1 clinical studies.
Effect of Fulvic Acid Surface Coatings on Plutonium Sorption and Desorption Kinetics on Goethite (2015)

The rates and extent of plutonium (Pu) sorption and desorption onto mineral surfaces are important parameters for predicting Pu mobility in subsurface environments. The presence of natural organic matter, such as fulvic acid (FA), may influence these parameters. We investigated the effects of FA on Pu(IV) sorption/desorption onto goethite in two scenarios: when FA was (1) initially present in solution or (2) found as organic coatings on the mineral surface. A low pH was used to maximize FA coatings on goethite. Experiments were combined with kinetic modeling and speciation calculations to interpret variations in Pu sorption rates in the presence of FA. Our results indicate that FA can change the rates and extent of Pu sorption onto goethite at pH 4. Differences in the kinetics of Pu sorption were observed as a function of the concentration and initial form of FA. The fraction of desorbed Pu decreased in the presence of FA, indicating that organic matter can stabilize sorbed Pu on goethite. These results suggest that ternary Pu-FA-mineral complexes could enhance colloid-facilitated Pu transport. However, more representative natural conditions need to be investigated to quantify the relevance of these findings.
Lossless DCT Picture Coding. (1996)

We propose lossless DCT coding in which the transform matrix is modified with short length words, then reversible quantizer is introduced for transform vectors The modification makes lossless com pression coding possible An 8 by 8 lossless DCT picture coding system is shown along with simulation results The algorithm can be applied to a contribution transfer system It is important that lossless DCT is compatible with conventional DCT