gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined Simulations for Evaluation of 2D and 3D Wholebody PET Imaging Protocols (2005)

Full characterization or optimization of 2D and 3D PET imaging protocols requires many independent but identically distributed realizations, which can be obtained from simulations of a given scanner. These rely on accurate estimations of single and coincident photon rates, particularly for the fractions of true, scattered and random coincidences recorded. To facilitate such studies, e.g. the combined effect of patient thickness and scan duration on lesion detectability, we propose to combine a photon tracking simulation (SimSET) with a faster analytic projection-based simulation (ASIM). SimSET accurately predicts true, scattered, and random coincidence rates, while ASIM is able to produce the necessary number of realizations with accurate noise properties. We present the simulation modifications and count rate comparisons between real and simulated measurements.
A 3-V fully differential distributed limiting driver for 40-Gb/s optical transmission systems (2003)

A fully differential 40-Gb/s electro-absorption modulator driver is presented. Based on a distributed limiting architecture, the circuit can supply up to 3.0-V/sub pp/ (peak-to-peak) per side in a 50-/spl Omega/ load at data rates as high as 44 Gb/s. Both the input and the output are internally matched to 50 /spl Omega/ and exhibit return loss of better than 10 dB up to 50 GHz. Additional features of the driver include the use of a single -5.2-V supply, output swing control (1.7-3.0-V/sub pp/ per side), dc output offset control (-0.15 V to -1.1 V), and pulsewidth control (30% to 66%). The driver architecture was optimized based on a comprehensive analytical derivation of the frequency response of cascaded source-coupled field-effect transistor logic blocks using both single and double source-follower topologies.
Measurement of Hydrogen Peroxide Influx Into Cells: Preparation For Measurement Using On-Chip Microelectrode Array (2016)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is commonly known as a toxic reactive oxidative species (ROS) for cells. Recent studies have found evidence that H2O2 is also an important cellular signalling molecule. Quantifying cellular influx of H2O2 will contribute to researchers’ understanding of the role H2O2 plays in healthy cells and cells involved in the progression of cancers and degenerative diseases. This work utilizes an assay kit and fluorescence techniques to evaluate cell lines and conditions to create a model biological system for measuring cellular H2O2 consumption. Pancreatic beta cells (MIN6), astrocytes, and glioblastoma cells (GBM43 and GBAM1) were placed in 10 μM and 20 μM H2O2 solutions for up to 5 hours. The consumption of H2O2 was measured using an Amplex Red Hydrogen Peroxide/Peroxidase Assay Kit (Molecular Probes/Invitrogen). GBAM1 cells exposed to 20 μM H2O2 displayed the fastest rate of H2O2 consumption (4.8 ± 1.2 nmol H2O2/min/106 cells), followed by GBM43 cells (1.5±0.46), astrocytes (1.1±0.24), and MIN6 cells (0.29±0.075). Additionally, the rate of consumption increased with increases in H2O2 concentration. In the future, an on-chip micro-electrode array (MEA) will be used for real-time electrochemical experiments to measure influx of H2O2 by astrocytes and GBAM1 cells with spatio-temporal resolution that the current techniques lack. The results from the electrochemical experiments will be compared to results from the assay kit to determine the ability of the MEA to accurately measure H2O2 concentration and flux. The MEA can be extended to a wide variety of cellular environments for analysis of additional real-time biological events.
Sexual functioning after vaginal hysterectomy or transvaginal sacrospinous uterine suspension for uterine prolapse: a comparison. (2005)

There is a decrease in thefrequency of orgasm after both TVH and SSUS. However, there is no significant difference in postoperative sexual functioning between women with and without preservation of the uterus in correcting uterine prolapse.
Masturbation and its relationship to sexual activities of young males in Korean military service (2000)

This study examined the masturbatory experiences and other sexual activities of young Korean males in military service. The actual status of masturbation and its relationship to sexual activity questionnaire. A total of 1,212 young males among military personnel in Korea were interviewed with sexuality questionnaires on masturbation, sexual intercourse and personal characteristics. We divided these subjects into four groups according to the age of initiation of masturbation and analyzed the relationship between masturbation and other sexual activities. The mean age of subjects was 22.03 +/- 1.22 (19-27) years. The percentage of men who reported ever having masturbated was 98.1% (1189/1212) and the average age of initiation of masturbation was 14.26 +/- 1.66 years. So we divided 1,212 males into four groups on the basis of the average age below and above one standard deviation. Overall, 67.7% (821/1212) had experienced sexual intercourse, and significantly, the earlier the initiation age of masturbation, the higher the coitus rate in each group (p < 0.05). About 21.5% of the men who were not virgins had experienced their first sexual intercourse with prostitutes. The mean age of first coitus, the incidence of sexually transmitted disease (STD) and the frequency of masturbation were closely linked to the initiation age of masturbation, respectively (p < 0.05). A masturbatory guilt feeling was seen in about 10.9% (132/1212) and there was no significant difference according to the types of religious worship (p = 0.227). On the basis of this study, sexual activities generally increased accordingly as the beginning of masturbation was earlier. Coital incidence in this study was 67.7% for young males in Korean military service, and 21.5% of them had their first sexual intercourse with prostitutes. Prostitution still plays an important role in the sexual lives of males in Korea. The incidence of STD was over 10% and homosexual manifestation was seen in 1.07% of subjects. Thus a proper and sound sex education at school during childhood is needed in Korea. A large scale survey of sexual behavior in various populations is essential for the improvement of correct sexual concepts.
Epicardium‐Based Left Atrial Ablation: (2003)

Epicardium-based LA ablation in a beating heart could be achieved successfully without cardiopulmonary bypass or atriotomy. Although there was no adverse impact on global electromechanical properties, there was evidence of important regional diminishment.
Formulas to Correct Excess Pressure and Pressure Shift to be Used in Volume Measurement for Plutonium Nitrate Solution (2000)

Excess pressure caused by the bubble and the pressure shift resulting from the air column in a dip-tube pressure measurement are the error sources to be considered for highly accurate density, level, and volume determination of plutonium nitrate solution in a tank. A new approach to estimate the maximum, the minimum, and the average of oscillating excess pressure as a function of tube diameter d, solution density ρ, and surface tension σ without including height, curvature, and amplitude of the bubble is proposed. This approach can be applied without reducing the rate of downward airflow that is necessary to prevent contamination. When the estimates were compared with the experimental results in a water-ethanol system within the range 3.6 × 10–6 ≤ σ/(ρg) ≤ 7.4 × 10–6 (m2) and 1.8 ≤ d(ρg/σ)1/2 ≤ 9.6, the mean of the difference was <2 Pa. The estimate for the maximum excess pressure was also compared with the conventional formula, and the difference was <1 Pa. We also proposed an equation to estimate the surface tension of the plutonium nitrate solution. For the pressure shift, a new formula assuming that the air density varies exponentially in the tube is proposed. The measured differential pressure is proportional to the hydrostatic pressure, and the coefficient is nearly independent of the liquid level. These correction factors of excess pressure and pressure shift can practically be given as constants.
A Survey of Modern British Co‐operatives (1978)

There are three broad categories of worker co‐operatives, of which only one is covered by our survey. We concentrated on the common ownership (CO) movement (initiated by Scott Bader Chemicals in 1950), and recently given a boost by the Industrial Common Ownership Act (1976), restricting ourselves to small businesses (under 200 employees) engaged in production or ‘urban’ services, i.e. excluding agricultural co‐ops and communes. Before going on to describe the findings of our survey it is appropriate to describe briefly the two other classes of worker co‐operative.
Evaluation of Short Folded Dipole Antennas as Receive Elements of Ultra-High Field (UHF) Human Head Array (2019)

Increasing the number of surface loops in a human head receive (Rx)-array improves the peripheral SNR, while the central SNR doesn’t substantially change. Recent work demonstrated that optimal central SNR at UHF requires a contribution of two current patterns associated with a combination of loops and dipoles. A novel array consisting of 8 transceiver surface loops and 8 optimized folded Rx-dipoles was developed and tested. Addition of Rx-dipoles doesn’t substantially alter B1+ field and the maximum local SAR. At the same time the new design improves both central and peripheral SNR as compared to the similar 16-element array with Rx-only vertical loops.
Supplementary Procedures from Wnt5a Drives an Invasive Phenotype in Human Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells (2023)

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The Influence of Graphene Addition on the Properties of Composite rGO/PAN Membranes and Their Potential Application for Water Disinfection (2020)

The paper presents a method of obtaining composite polyacrylonitrile-based (PAN) membranes with the addition of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The membranes were obtained using phase inversion method from a homogeneous rGO dispersion in a solution of PAN dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The impact of the amount of rGO addition to the PAN matrix on the physicochemical, structural, transport, and separation properties and on fouling resistance was studied. Composite membranes, due to the method of preparation used and the addition of rGO, are characterized by very good transport properties (~390 L/m<sup>2</sup> h) and by a high degree of protein retention (85%). Reduced graphene oxide has biocidal properties, which, as we have shown, depend on the size of nanoparticles and the type of microorganism. rGO/PAN membranes, on the other hand, show biostatic properties against Gram-negative bacteria (<i>Escherichia coli</i>), Gram-positive bacteria (<i>Staphylococcuc aureus</i>) and fungi (<i>Candida albicans</i>). Thus, the obtained composite membranes can be potentially used in water disinfection.
Deletion of glycoprotein gM of pseudorabies virus results in attenuation for the natural host. (1997)

Glycoprotein M (gM) is one of the very few non-essential glycoproteins conserved throughout the herpesvirus family. Despite this conservation little is known about its function in virus replication. To test for the importance of gM in vivo in a natural virus-host system, 6-week-old piglets were intranasally infected with a gM- mutant of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PrV). Following infection virus excretion from the nasal mucosa was decreased ca. 100-fold compared to wild-type or revertant virus. Clinical signs were limited to transiently elevated temperature. In contrast, animals infected by wild-type or revertant virus exhibited high fever, severe respiratory symptoms and affliction of the central nervous system. Prior infection with gM-PrV conferred protection against challenge infection and animals mounted an antibody response against gM after wild-type virus infection. Thus, gM is important for efficient virus replication in vivo and deletion of gM may contribute to development of live attenuated, genetically marked vaccines.
Isolation And Molecular Identification Of Two Fungal Strains Capable Of Degrading Hydrocarbon Contaminants On Saudi Arabian Environment (2015)

In the vicinity of red sea about 15 fungi species were<br> isolated from oil contaminated sites. On the basis of aptitude to<br> degrade the crude oil and DCPIP assay, two fungal isolates were<br> selected amongst 15 oil degrading strains. Analysis of ITS-1, ITS-2<br> and amplicon pyrosequencing studies of fungal diversity revealed<br> that these strains belong to Penicillium and Aspergillus species. Two<br> strains that proved to be the most efficient in degrading crude oil was<br> Aspergillus niger (54%) and Penicillium commune (48%) Subsequent<br> to two weeks of cultivation in BHS medium the degradation rate<br> were recorded by using spectrophotometer and GC-MS. Hence, it is<br> cleared that these fungal strains has capability of degradation and can<br> be utilize for cleaning the Saudi Arabian environment.
Topology control meets SINR (2006)

To date, topology control in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks--the study of how to compute from the given communication network a subgraph with certain beneficial properties .has been considered as a static problem only; the time required to actually schedule the links of a computed topology without message collision was generally ignored. In this paper we analyze topology control in the context of the physical Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR) model, focusing on the question of how and how fast the links of a resulting topology can actually be realized over time.For this purpose, we define and study a generalized version of the SINR model and obtain theoretical upper bounds on the scheduling complexity of arbitrary topologies in wireless networks. Specifically, we prove that even in worst-case networks, if the signals are transmitted with correctly assigned transmission power levels, the number of time slots required to successfully schedule all links of an arbitrary topology is proportional to the squared logarithm of the number of network nodes times a previously defined static interference measure Interestingly, although originally considered without explicit accounting for signal collision in the SINR model, this static interference measure plays an important role in the analysis of link scheduling with physical link interference. Our result thus bridges the gap between static graph-based interference models and the physical SINR model. Based on these results, we also show that when it comes to scheduling, requiring the communication links to be symmetric may imply significantly higher costs as opposed to topologies allowing unidirectional links.
Effectiveness of variable bit-length power analysis attacks on SHA-3 based MAC (2016)

Keccak is the hash function selected by NIST as the new SHA-3 standard. Keccak is built on sponge construction, and it provides a new keyed Message Authentication Code (MAC) function called MAC-Keccak. The focus of this work was to apply the power analysis attacks that use Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) technique to extract the secret key. Our attack methodology utilizes simulated power consumption waveforms and is applied to the Keccak high-speed core hardware design from the SHA-3 competition. 1-bit, 2-bit, 4-bit, 8-bit, and 16-bit CPA selection function key guess size attacks are performed on the waveforms to compare and analyze computational effort of successful key extraction on MAC-Keccak. Our experiments confirm that the larger the selection function key guess size is used, the better the fewer traces are needed to retrieve the key, but using more computation time.
In vivo endoscopic analysis of the bronchial structure using fluorescence fibered confocal microscopy. (2006)

International audience
Acidic Electroreduction of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products with CO2 Recovery and Recycling from Carbonate (2023)

Gas-fed flow cells can facilitate high-rate electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R). However, under alkaline and neutral conditions, CO2 is lost through reaction with hydroxide ions to form (bi)carbonate. In acidic solutions, although (bi)carbonate is still formed due to increased pH at the electrode, the low bulk pH of the electrolyte solution can regenerate CO2 which is then available for re-reaction or release─this therefore avoids permanent CO2 loss. Here, we show how CO2 is converted and released in a bipolar-membrane-based gas-fed flow cell for CO2R to multicarbon products (C2+ faradaic efficiency >60%) employing an acidic catholyte. Under the highest conversion conditions, we showed that almost exclusively CO2R products were obtained at one outlet, while, at the second outlet, a nearly product-free stream of CO2 was obtained due to the continuous internal regeneration from (bi)carbonate. The system presented here avoids permanent reactant loss through the straightforward recovery and recycling of CO2 to improve the overall CO2 utilization.
Synthesis of Application-Specific Highly-Efficient Multi-Mode Systems for Low-Power Applications (2003)

We present a novel design methodology for synthesizing multiple configurations (or modes) into a single programmable system. Many DSP and multimedia applications require reconfigurability of a system along with efficiency in terms of power performance and area. FPGAs provide a reconfigurable platform, however, they are slower in speed with significantly higher power consumption than achievable by a customized ASIC. In this work, we have developed techniques to realize an efficient reconfigurable system for a set of user-specified configurations. A data flow graph transformation method coupled with efficient scheduling and allocation are used to automatically synthesize the system from its behavioral level specifications. Experimental results on several applications demonstrate that we can achieve about 60/spl times/ power reduction on average with about 4/spl times/ improvement in performance over corresponding FPGA implementations.
Extinction Ratio in Apertureless Reflection-Mode Magneto-Optical Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy (2012)

We developed a reflection-mode scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) with an apertureless probe with a high special resolution and a high extinction ratio. Patterned Chromium film with a checker pattern deposited on a quartz substrate was measured. In SNOM images, clear contrast between Chromium and quartz was obtained, and the spatial resolution was determined to be ~ 30 nm. A polarization property of scattered light from the near field was also investigated for both p- and s-polarized incidence. The extinction ratios for both polarization were found to be larger than 100.
1315 MVdeltaC, a new therapeutic vaccine demonstrates promising preclinical immuno-oncolytic activities (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Oncovita, a biotech company spin-off from Institut Pasteur, is developing a therapeutic vaccine in oncology based on Measovir®, a proprietary technology derived from the safe and highly immunogenic measles attenuated vaccine virus (MV). MV is a paramyxovirus with a negative strand RNA genome. The MV specific tropism for cancer cells is due to the overexpression of its entry receptor CD46 on the surface of most cancer cells. <h3>Methods</h3> We constructed MVdeltaC, a genetically modified MV by deletion of its virulence factor C. We evaluated its immuno-oncolytic activity <i>in vitro</i> on over 40 human tumoral cell lines, including mesothelioma, lung adenocarcinoma, bladder, ovarian, cervical cancer and hepatocarcinoma, and <i>in vivo</i> by i.p. or i.t. administration in different patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mesothelioma and bladder models, and finally in a syngeneic model of neuroblastoma in immunocompetent A/J mice. The mode of action (MOA) has been investigated <i>ex vivo</i> using human primary immune cells. Results <i>in vitro,</i> MVdeltaC exhibited a strong oncolytic capacity which was 2 to 3 times greater than standard MV against a series of human tumor cell lines. MVdeltaC was active in more than 70% of the tested cell lines. <i>In vivo</i>, a single low dose given intraperitoneally in NOD/SCID mice grafted with human malignant mesothelioma induced a strong reduction of tumor mass two weeks after treatment. This potential was confirmed in PDX models of mesothelioma and bladder tumors by weekly administration of MVdeltaC. Finally, in immunocompetent A/J mice, only three i.t. administrations resulted in tumor regression and even total disappearance in 66% of mice. The animals that completely rejected the tumors were re-challenged on the other flank 3 months later with the same amount of tumor cells. No tumor growth was observed, suggesting an immune protection. In <i>ex-vivo</i> MOA experiments with human autologous primary cells, we demonstrated that the infection of cancer cells by MVdeltaC triggers the release of danger signals and tumor associated antigens (TAA), activation of mDC and pDC, phagocytosis of dying cancer cells and cross-presentation of TAA to autologous T lymphocytes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> MVdeltaC demonstrated a very efficient immuno-oncolytic activity. Based on these promising preclinical data, Oncovita plans to initiate a FIH trial in patients with solid tumors. The activity on CPI resistant tumors will be of particular interest to investigate. We have already improved the mode of production of genetically stable MVdeltaC.
Oncogenic CARD11 Mutations Induce Hyperactive Signaling by Disrupting Autoinhibition by the PKC-Responsive Inhibitory Domain (2010)

The regulated activation of NF-κB by antigen receptor signaling is required for normal B and T lymphocyte activation during the adaptive immune response. Dysregulated NF-κB activation is associated with several types of lymphoma, including diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). During normal antigen receptor signaling, the multidomain scaffold protein CARD11 undergoes a transition from a closed, inactive state to an open, active conformation that recruits several signaling proteins into a complex, leading to IKK kinase activation. This transition is regulated by the CARD11 inhibitory domain (ID), which participates in intramolecular interactions that prevent cofactor binding to CARD11 prior to signaling, but which is neutralized after receptor engagement by phosphorylation. Several oncogenic CARD11 mutations have been identified in DLBCL that enhance activity and that are mostly found in the coiled-coil domain. However, the mechanisms by which these mutations cause CARD11 hyperactivity and spontaneous NF-κB activation are poorly understood. In this report, we provide several lines of evidence that oncogenic mutations F123I and L225LI induce CARD11 hyperactivity by disrupting autoinhibition by the CARD11 ID. These mutations disrupt ID-mediated intramolecular interactions and ID-dependent inhibition and bypass the requirement for ID phosphorylation during T cell receptor signaling. Intriguingly, these mutations selectively enhance the apparent affinity of CARD11 for Bcl10, but not for other signaling proteins that are recruited to CARD11 in an ID-dependent manner during normal antigen receptor signaling. Our results establish a mechanism that explains how DLBCL-associated mutations in CARD11 can initiate spontaneous, receptor-independent activation of NF-κB.
Increased Cholecystectomy Rate After the Introduction of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (1993)

The introduction of laparoscopic gallbladder surgery resulted in rising rates of cholecystectomy for a population of patients in a private, independent practice-based health maintenance organization. Such a rise was not seen for hernia repair surgery or appendectomy. It seems that the use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a new technology touted as reducing health care costs, may result in an increased consumption of health care resources due to changes in the indications for gallbladder surgery.