gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shaping Long-lived Electron Wavepackets for Customizable Optical Spectra (2017)

Electrons in atoms and molecules are versatile physical systems covering a vast range of light-matter interactions, enabling the physics of Rydberg states, photon-photon bound states, simulation of condensed matter Hamiltonians, and quantum sources of light. A limitation on the versatility of such electronic systems for optical interactions would appear to arise from the discrete nature of the electronic transitions and from the limited ionization energy, constraining the energy scale through which the rich physics of bound electrons can be accessed. In this work, we propose the concept of shaping spatially confined electron wavepackets as superpositions of extended states in the ionization continuum. These wavepackets enable customizable optical emission spectra transitions in the eV-keV range. We find that the specific shaping lengthens the diffraction lifetime of the wavepackets in exchange for increasing their spatial spreads. Finally, we study the spontaneous radiative transitions of these excited states, examining the influence of the wavepacket shape and size on the radiation rate of the excited state. We observe that the rate of radiative capture is primarily limited by the diffraction lifetime of the wavepacket. The approach proposed in this work could have applications towards developing designer emitters at tunable energy and length scales, potentially bringing the physics of Rydberg states to new energy scales and extending the range and versatility of emitters that can be developed using shaped electrons.
Comprehensive study of 32 nm node ultralow-k/Cu (keff=2.6) dual damascene integration featuring short TAT silylated porous silica (k=2.1) (2008)

A comprehensive study of Low-k/Cu integration featuring short TAT (turnaround time) silylated scalable porous silica (Po-SiO, k=2.1) with high porosity (50%) is presented. The TAT for silylation is about 25 % reduced by adding a promoter, causing reinforcement of the film. Applying this improved Po-SiO, 140 nm pitch dual damascene structure is successfully achieved. The wiring capacitance showed 10 % reduction compared with the conventional porous SiOC (ULK, k=2.65). Sufficient interconnect reliability and packaging characteristics for circuit-under-pad structure are also obtained. The predicted circuit-performance was 8 % higher than ULK in 32 nm node.
Suspensions of carbon nanofibers in organic medium: rheo-electrical properties (2015)

The nonaqueous suspensions of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in 1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonaimide) in propylene carbonate electrolyte reveal unique structural evolution and shear-induced transition due to the high aspect ratio. The rheo-electrical behavior elucidates a microstructural transition from entangled-to-aggregated networks above a distinct percolation threshold. Under shear flow, both networks show a three-regime flow curve and an inverted-bell-like conductivity curve as a consequence of shear-induced alignment (entangled network) and shear-induced breaking up (aggregated network). The different particle morphology of carbon nanofibers (anisometric) and carbon black (CB; isometric) causes different aggregation mechanisms (aggregate vs. particulate) and then varied microstructure for their suspensions in the same electrolyte. This fact explains the higher rigidity and lower electric conductivity of CNFs than CB suspensions. Interestingly, the suspension of hybrid carbons at the optimum mixing ratio merges the advantages of both carbons to operate efficiently as precursors in the formulation of electrodes for energy storage systems.
Assessing Cognitive Workload on Printed and Electronic Media using Eye-Tracker and EDA Wristband (2018)

With the expansion of e-learning platforms, we receive a great opportunity to learn and study just using an electronic device. In this paper, we measured the differences in information processing on screen and paper with 18 participants using an eye-tracker and an EDA wristband. Our findings show that the media type has a significant influence on cognitive workload and understandability of the content. The results of this work are of vital importance for the design of new intelligent user interfaces and reveal the necessity to take mental processes of users more into account.
Nondestructive analysis of mitral valve collagen fiber orientation. (1992)

Collagen is the most abundant and highest modulus component in mitral valve (MV) tissue. MV leaflet and chordal collagen ultrastructure were analyzed by small angle light scattering (SALS) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) to provide collagen fiber architecture mapping. It was hypothesized that structural arrangement strongly influences MV tissue mechanical properties and thus physiologic function.
Investigation of spectrally shaped DFTS-OFDM for long haul transmission (2012)

DFTS-OFDM has been proposed recently as an alternative to coherent optical OFDM due to its improved transmission performance. This paper proposes spectral shaping for DFTS-OFDM which reduces the PAPR leading to further improvement in nonlinear tolerance. It is shown that for both SSMF and LEAF, the optimized spectrally shaped DFTS-OFDM outperforms DFTS-OFDM for dispersion managed and unmanaged links by ~10.8% and ~6.8%, respectively. The number of bands and the excess bandwidth parameters are also investigated to optimize the transmission performance.
Arylacetamide kappa-selective opioid ligands (1997)

A family of arylacetamide opioid ligands was prepared. Competition binding studies indicate that in each case the (S)-(+) series was two orders of magnitude more potent than the corresponding (R)-(−) series and that the amine (S)-(+)-3 and the acetamide (S)-(+)-4 were selective for the κ opioid binding site. Binding and flow cytometry experiments demonstrated that (S)-(+)-FITC-AA 5 was the enantiomer that bound to the κ opioid receptor.
Data-driven physics for human soft tissue animation (2017)

Data driven models of human poses and soft-tissue deformations can produce very realistic results, but they only model the visible surface of the human body and cannot create skin deformation due to interactions with the environment. Physical simulations can generalize to external forces, but their parameters are difficult to control. In this paper, we present a layered volumetric human body model learned from data. Our model is composed of a data-driven inner layer and a physics-based external layer. The inner layer is driven with a volumetric statistical body model (VSMPL). The soft tissue layer consists of a tetrahedral mesh that is driven using the finite element method (FEM). Model parameters, namely the segmentation of the body into layers and the soft tissue elasticity, are learned directly from 4D registrations of humans exhibiting soft tissue deformations. The learned two layer model is a realistic full-body avatar that generalizes to novel motions and external forces. Experiments show that the resulting avatars produce realistic results on held out sequences and react to external forces. Moreover, the model supports the retargeting of physical properties from one avatar when they share the same topology.
Stereopure Antisense Oligonucleotides Preferentially Knockdown G4C2 Repeat-Containing C9ORF72 Transcripts: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) (N2.002) (2018)

To specifically target transcripts that contain the G4C2 repeat expansion using stereopure antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), thereby preventing production of toxic RNA foci and dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins with minimal alteration of C9orf72 protein levels.
279 Preclinical in vivo model development: Highlighting success and discussing xenograft advancements, a step closer to predicting patient outcomes (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Immunotherapy, in particular chimeric-antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, has been shown as an effective strategy for the treatment of cancer. However, the full therapeutic potential of these innovative therapies has not yet been fulfilled. This is particularly true of complex solid tumors. In comparison with hematologic tumors, solid tumors are more complex with unique three-dimensional structures, an immunosuppressive microenvironment and cellular heterogeneity that extends to the expression of tumor-associated antigens.<sup>1</sup> Therefore, robust preclinical models with a high degree of fidelity towards the clinical presentation of the tumor are required for the accurate evaluation and translation of next-generation immunotherapies, including advancement of <i>in vivo</i> xenograft mouse models that more closely recapitulate disease as it is observed in the clinical setting. <h3>Methods</h3> We have developed an orthotopic, mammary fat pad #4 (MFP#4) xenograft model utilizing an engineered tumor cell line based on the MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) to assess epithelial cancer progression. Using this anatomically implanted human tumor model, we evaluated tumor growth kinetics, body weight, metastases and control of tumor with bioluminescence imaging. <h3>Results</h3> The established MFP#4 xenograft model yields consistent, uniform tumor growth that produces disease progression and secondary metastases in vivo. Importantly, the model produced secondary tumors in both the lung and liver, recapitulating human disease in distal sites where 31.4% and 26% of patients show metastases. Moreover, we observed metastases in the axillary lymph node, a hallmark sign for diagnosing and staging breast cancer in patients. In the initial proof of concept study, administration of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CAR T (CAR iT) cells, which had been successful in demonstrating tumor growth inhibition in various other disseminated and subcutaneous in vivo tumor models, significantly reduced the size of the primary tumor burden and the secondary tumor nodes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This work demonstrates that our engineered TNBC cell line in the MFP#4 xenograft model recapitulates much of the human disease phenotype. Importantly, the model demonstrated metastatic disease consistent with clinical presentation. Furthermore, administration of CAR iT-cells resulted in a decrease in overall tumor burden, validating the use of the orthotopic tumor xenograft as a preclinical model of TNBC with a high degree of clinical translatability. <h3>Reference</h3> Chen, M <i>et al</i>,. Comparison of patterns and prognosis among distant metastatic breast cancer patients by age groups: a SEER population-based analysis. <i>Sci Rep</i> 2017; Aug <b>23</b>;7(1):9254. <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> All animal studies were conducted under the approval of the IACUC at Fate Therapeutics.
Low complexity code design for lossless and near-lossless side information source codes (2003)

The instantaneous side of information source code (SISC) design is considered. In the SISC configuration, the encoder describes source X to the decoder; the decoder uses this description and side information Y, to reconstruct X. Prior work on lossless and near-lossless SISC design demonstrates that globally optimal design is NP-hard. A family of polynomial complexity code design algorithms is introduced that approximates the optimal solution for lossless and near-lossless SISCs. The algorithm may be used to design both Huffman and arithmetic SISCs for an arbitrary probability mass function p(x,y). Experimental results comparing the resulting performances to each other and to the theoretical limit are included.
UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION IN ELECTROMAGNETIC PROBLEMS OF HIGHLY RESONANT CAVITIES USING DAKOTA. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
On the Analysis of Packet-Train Probing Schemes (2004)

With a better understanding of how probe packets and cross-traffic packets interact with each other, more accurate measurement methods based on active probing can be developed. Several existing mea ...
Turning Mobile Phones into 3D Scanners (2014)

In this paper, we propose an efficient and accurate scheme for the integration of multiple stereo-based depth measurements. For each provided depth map a confidence-based weight is assigned to each depth estimate by evaluating local geometry orientation, underlying camera setting and photometric evidence. Subsequently, all hypotheses are fused together into a compact and consistent 3D model. Thereby, visibility conflicts are identified and resolved, and fitting measurements are averaged with regard to their confidence scores. The individual stages of the proposed approach are validated by comparing it to two alternative techniques which rely on a conceptually different fusion scheme and a different confidence inference, respectively. Pursuing live 3D reconstruction on mobile devices as a primary goal, we demonstrate that the developed method can easily be integrated into a system for monocular interactive 3D modeling by substantially improving its accuracy while adding a negligible overhead to its performance and retaining its interactive potential.
Zwitterionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Substituted Eight-Membered Cyclic Carbonates to Generate Cyclic Poly(carbonate)s (2016)

The zwitterionic ring-opening polymerization of N-functionalized eight-membered cyclic carbonates with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) in the absence of alcohol initiators generates cyclic polycarbonates of Mn ∼ 30-100 kDa. The polymerization behavior of these eight-membered cyclic azacarbonates depends sensitively on the nature of the nitrogen substituent. The <i>N</i>-benzyl-substituted eight-membered cyclic carbonate (8CC<sub>Bn</sub>) polymerizes readily with 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene to generate cyclic polycarbonates with molecular weights of <i>M</i><sub>n</sub> = 14 000 to 96 000 Da. In contrast, the <i>N</i>-phenyl-substituted cyclic carbonate (8CC<sub>Ph</sub>) catalytically dimerizes in the presence of the NHC to afford the crystalline cyclic dimer. The zwitterionic ring-opening copolymerization of δ-valerolactone (VL) and the cyclic carbonates afford gradient cyclic copolymers. The cyclic topology of both the homopolymers and copolymers was supported by MALDI-TOF MS and intrinsic viscosity measurements. <sup>13</sup>C NMR and differential scanning calorimetry of the cyclic copolymers are indicative of a gradient sequence distribution as a consequence of the more rapid enchainment of the cyclic carbonates relative to valerolactone.
Genetic Diversity of PspA Types among Nasopharyngeal Isolates Collected during an Ongoing Surveillance Study of Children in Brazil (2006)

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) has been considered a potential candidate for human vaccines because of its serotype-independent protective immunity. Nasopharyngeal (NP) pneumococcal colonization is highly prevalent in infants and precedes the invasive disease. Thus, prevention of NP colonization may reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease in children. Scarce information focusing on PspA from pneumococcal carriage in humans is available. We examined the genetic diversity of PspA from NP isolates obtained during an ongoing pneumococcal surveillance study with children. PspA families and clades of 183 community-acquired Streptococcus pneumoniae NP isolates from healthy children (n = 97) and children with respiratory tract infections (n = 48), pneumonia (n = 33), or meningitis (n = 5) were investigated. Overall, 79.8% (n = 146) of the pneumococcal isolates were classified as PspA family 1 (35.5%) and family 2 (44.3%), whereas 20.2% of the isolates could not be typed. The distribution of PspA families and clades did not differ significantly according to the clinical status of the children. A dendrogram comparing the genetic relationship between the amino acid sequences of the clade-defining region of PspA from NP strains together with 24 invasive reference strains (GenBank) closely reproduced the profile of the families and clades previously reported for pneumococcal invasive strains. These findings strengthen the idea that the use of PspA as a vaccine antigen may protect children against carriage as well as invasive pneumococcal disease.
ChemInform Abstract: MULTIPLE METAL‐CARBON BONDS. 5. THE REACTION OF NIOBIUM AND TANTALUM NEOPENTYLIDENE COMPLEXES WITH THE CARBONYL FUNCTION (1976)

Abstract Die Verfasser zeigen eine Methode zur Darstellung von tert.‐Butyl‐substituierten Olefinen aus Aldehyden, Ketonen, Estern und Amiden unter Verwendung des Ta‐Komplexes (I).
Experience, Satisfaction, Attitude, and Challenges of Virtual Learning amongst Undergraduate Students of Management and Science University (MSU) during MCO. (2022)

Background and aim: The learning experience, satisfaction, attitude (ESA), and challenges are important in the evaluation of distance education courses. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst students from April to May 2020. A total of 251 students were approached to participate in this study. The questionnaire was validated using Cronbach's alpha (0.946) and distributed online socio-demographic and ESA questions. The data was collected and analysed by using IBM SPSS version 23. Result: 70.5% of respondents was female and 7.5% of the respondents in this survey was mature students (&gt;25 years old). Respondents had average ESA towards VL during this MCO period (mean = 2.79, 2.86, 2.50). Gender, age, faculty, year of study and mode of study were not significantly associated to experience and satisfaction towards blended learning. However, age and mode of study were significantly associated towards the attitude in VL (p&lt;0.05). There was also correlation between experience and satisfaction (r = 0.721, p &lt; 0.01), experience, and attitude (r = 0.575, p &lt; 0.01) and satisfaction and attitude (r = 0.507, p &lt; 0.01). The main challenge in VL that students reported is lacking good internet connection, which dampened the learning process. Conclusion: Our results shown student had average ESA towards VL. There is a need to offer affordable high-speed internet and to instil active learning with gadget among students in Malaysia.
Supplementary Tables 1 - 9 from Targeting MYCN in Neuroblastoma by BET Bromodomain Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 93K, This file contains 9 supplementary tables including the full primary screening data and secondary testing of BETi in neuroblastoma, supporting tables for the expression profiling analyses, and the list of Affymetrix probes (MYCN) and shRNA sequences for BRD4 and MYCN.&lt;/p&gt;
Optimal Mean-Absolute-Error Nonincreasing Binary Filters (1997)

The basic task of optimal filtering is to operate on an observed image in a manner that produces a filtered image that is a good estimate of a desired image. In the language of image restoration, we wish to filter a degraded document image to produce a restored image close to an ideal document image. Implicit in the formulation of the problem is the existence of a goodness criterion by which to measure the similarity of the filtered and ideal images. In defining a goodness criterion we take into account that the images are modeled as random processes and recognize that restoration is relative to the stated goodness criterion. An optimal filter is one that, among some class of filters, achieves the least error as measured by the goodness criterion. A chosen goodness criterion should result in optimal filters that perform satisfactorily relative to a desired end of the processing (visual quality, character recognition, compression, etc.); nevertheless, it must also be mathematically and computationally tractable, in the sense that either optimal or good suboptimal filters can be found by a computational scheme (usually off-line) that can be performed within an acceptable time frame on the computational machinery at hand. In the present chapter we consider the design of optimal translation-invariant nonincreasing (not necessarily increasing) binary filters relative to the mean-absolute-error criterion. Research and practice have shown this criterion is satisfactory for the kind of binary document processing with which we are concerned.
Canonical and noncanonical Hedgehog pathway in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (2012)

The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is required for cell-fate determination during the embryonic life, as well as cell growth and differentiation in the adult organism, where the inappropriate activation has been implicated in several cancers. Here we demonstrate that Hh signaling plays a significant role in growth and survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. We observed that CD138(+) MM cells express Hh genes and confirmed Smoothened (Smo)-dependent Hh signaling in MM using a novel synthetic Smo inhibitor, NVP-LDE225 (Novartis), which decreased MM cell viability by inducing specific down-regulation of Gli1 and Ptch1, hallmarks of Hh activity. In addition, we detected a nuclear localization of Gli1 in MM cells, which is completely abrogated by Forskolin, a Gli1-modulating compound, confirming Smo-independent mechanisms leading to Hh activation in MM. Finally, we identified that bone marrow stromal cells are a source of the Shh ligand, although they are resistant to the Hh inhibitor because of defective Smo expression and Ptch1 up-regulation. Further in vitro as well as in vivo studies showed antitumor efficacy of NVP-LDE225 in combination with bortezomib. Altogether, our data demonstrate activation of both canonical and noncanonical Hh pathway in MM, thus providing the rationale for testing Hh inhibitors in clinical trials to improve MM patient outcome.
Probing organic glasses at low temperature with variable time scale optical dephasing measurements (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProbing organic glasses at low temperature with variable time scale optical dephasing measurementsL. R. Narasimhan, K. A. Littau, Dee William Pack, Y. S. Bai, A. Elschner, and M. D. FayerCite this: Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 3, 439–457Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00101a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00101a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views312Altmetric-Citations210LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts