gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular Expression of Permeability-Resistant Occludin Mutant Preserves Visual Function in Diabetes (2021)

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of vision loss and blindness. Extensive pre-clinical and clinical evidence exists for both vascular and neuronal pathology. However, the relationship of these changes in the neurovascular unit and impact on vision remains to be determined. Here, we investigate the role of tight junction protein occludin phosphorylation at S490 in modulating barrier properties and its impact on visual function. Conditional vascular expression of the phosphorylation resistant Ser490 to Ala (S490A) form of occludin preserved tight junction organization and reduced VEGF-induced permeability and edema formation after intra-ocular injection. In the retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, endothelial specific expression of the S490A form of occludin completely prevented diabetes-induced permeability to labeled dextran and inhibited leukostasis. Importantly, vascular-specific expression of the occludin mutant completely blocked the diabetes-induced decrease in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Together, these results reveal that occludin acts to regulate barrier properties downstream of VEGF in a phosphorylation dependent manner and that loss of inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) integrity induced by diabetes contributes to vision loss.
ChemInform Abstract: Biaryl Phosphane Ligands in Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Field investigation and analysis of incipient faults leading to a catastrophic failure in an underground distribution feeder (2009)

This paper deals with the subject of incipient faults in underground distribution systems and their progression over time leading to an eventual permanent failure. Field data recorded from an underground distribution feeder were analyzed in both time and frequency domain to identify the symptom parameters and characterize the observed incipient behavior. This exploratory data analysis sheds additional light on the progressive characteristics and nature of these self-clearing faults and advances the fundamental knowledge in an effort to detect such pre-mature failures before developing into a full-blown fault.
Analytical Model for Threshold-Voltage Shift in Submicron Staggered Organic Thin-Film Transistors (2019)

This paper presents a compact model for the threshold-voltage shift, consisting of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T,roll-off</sub> and Drain-Induced-Barrier-Lowering (DIBL), in short-channel staggered organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). An analytical surface potential solution is derived for a staggered geometry containing two-dimensional effects which is used to extract the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T,roll-off</sub> and DIBL out of it. Thus, the closed-form and physics-based equations extend an existing compact current model by incorporating them into expressions for V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> . Verification of the modeling approach is done by comparison with TCAD Sentaurus simulations as well as measurements on organic TFTs with a channel length down to 400 nm.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-D expression in human atherosclerotic lesions (2003)

Objective: Vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) is a recently characterized member of the VEGF family, but its expression in atherosclerotic lesions remains unknown. We studied the expression of VEGF-D and its receptors (VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3) in normal and atherosclerotic human arteries, and compared that to the expression pattern of VEGF-A. Methods: Human arterial samples (n539) obtained from amputation operations and fast autopsies were classified according to the stage of atherosclerosis and studied by immunohistochemistry. The results were confirmed by in situ hybridization and RT-PCR. Results: We found that while VEGF-A expression increased during atherogenesis, VEGF-D expression remained relatively stable only decreasing in complicated lesions. In normal arteries and in early lesions VEGF-D was mainly expressed in smooth muscle cells, whereas in complicated atherosclerotic lesions the expression was most prominent in macrophages and also colocalized with plaque neovascularization. By comparing the staining profiles of different antibodies, we found that proteolytic processing of VEGF-D was efficient in the vessel wall. VEGFR-2, but not VEGFR-3, was expressed in the vessel wall at every stage of atherosclerosis. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in large arteries VEGF-D is mainly expressed in smooth muscle cells and that it may have a role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. However, in complicated lesions it was also expressed in macrophages and may contribute to plaque neovascularization. The constitutive expression of VEGFR-2 in arteries suggests that it may be one of the principal mediators of the VEGF-D effects in large arteries.
Enapotamab vedotin, an AXL-specific antibody-drug conjugate, shows preclinical antitumor activity in non-small cell lung cancer (2019)

Targeted therapies and immunotherapy have shown promise in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the majority of patients fail or become resistant to treatment, emphasizing the need for novel treatments. In this study, we confirm the prognostic value of levels of AXL, a member of the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase family, in NSCLC and demonstrate potent antitumor activity of the AXL-targeting antibody-drug conjugate enapotamab vedotin across different NSCLC subtypes in a mouse clinical trial of human NSCLC. Tumor regression or stasis was observed in 17/61 (28%) of the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and was associated with AXL mRNA expression levels. Significant single-agent activity of enapotamab vedotin was validated in vivo in 9 of 10 AXL-expressing NSCLC xenograft models. In a panel of EGFR-mutant NSCLC cell lines rendered resistant to EGFR inhibitors in vitro, we observed de novo or increased AXL protein expression concomitant with enapotamab vedotin-mediated cytotoxicity. Enapotamab vedotin also showed antitumor activity in vivo in 3 EGFR-mutant, EGFR inhibitor-resistant PDX models, including an osimertinib-resistant NSCLC PDX model. In summary, enapotamab vedotin has promising therapeutic potential in NSCLC. The safety and preliminary efficacy of enapotamab vedotin are currently being evaluated in the clinic across multiple solid tumor types, including NSCLC.
Distributed Bayesian Posterior Sampling via Moment Sharing (2014)

We propose a distributed Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) inference algo-rithm for large scale Bayesian posterior simulation. We assume that the dataset is partitioned and stored across nodes of a cluster. Our procedure involves an in-dependent MCMC posterior sampler at each node based on its local partition of the data. Moment statistics of the local posteriors are collected from each sampler and propagated across the cluster using expectation propagation message passing with low communication costs. The moment sharing scheme improves posterior estimation quality by enforcing agreement among the samplers. We demonstrate the speed and inference quality of our method with empirical studies on Bayesian logistic regression and sparse linear regression with a spike-and-slab prior. 1
Towards a comparison between chip-level optical interconnection and board-level exterconnection (2003)

A preliminary comparison between two time-of-flight (ToF)-limited interconnect technologies, chip-level guided-wave optical interconnection and board-level electrical exterconnection, is presented. For a 20 megacell single-cycle chip architecture integrating 4.1 billion transistors implemented in 45 nm technology on a 572 mm/sup 2/ die, it is found that all global interconnects of length greater than 32 mm could be replaced by optical waveguides with embedded air-gap cladding regions to allow a ToF-limited global clock frequency of 4.4 GHz. In the case of off-chip exterconnection, all interconnects of length greater than 36 mm could be replaced to enable a ToF-limited frequency of 4.0 GHz.
Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Unsaturated Aldehydes Promoted by A Poly(ethylene glycol)‐Supported Organic Catalyst (2004)

Abstract We have developed a polymer‐supported version of MacMillan’s catalyst by anchoring a tyrosine‐derived imidazolidin‐4‐one by means of a spacer to the monomethyl ether of poly(ethylene glycol) ( M W = 5000 Da). The supported organic catalyst was employed in some 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions involving α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and nitrones. The products were obtained in enantiomeric excesses very similar to those observed with the non‐supported catalyst, but the chemical yields were somewhat lower. Exploiting the solubility profile of the polymeric support, the catalyst was readily separated from the reaction products, recovered, and recycled. Catalyst recycling was accompanied by a very marginal erosion (if any) of the enantioselectivity and a more‐substantial decrease in chemical efficiency. We ascribe the latter phenomenon mainly to the intrinsic instability of the catalyst under the reaction conditions, which is, however, a common feature of both the non‐supported and supported catalysts. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Evidence for the coincident initiation of homolog pairing and synapsis during the telomere-clustering (bouquet) stage of meiotic prophase (2000)

To improve knowledge of the prerequisites for meiotic chromosome segregation in higher eukaryotes, we analyzed the spatial distribution of a pair of homologs before and during early meiotic prophase. Three-dimensional images of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to localize a single pair of homologs in diploid nuclei of a chromosome-addition line of oat, oat-maize9b. The system provided a robust assay for pairing based on cytological colocalization of FISH signals. Using a triple labeling scheme for simultaneous imaging of chromatin, telomeres and the homolog pair, we determined the timing of pairing in relation to the onset of three sequential hallmarks of early meiotic prophase: chromatin condensation (the leptotene stage), meiotic telomere clustering (the bouquet stage) and the initiation of synapsis (the zygotene stage). We found that the two homologs were mostly unpaired up through middle leptotene, at which point their spherical cloud-like domains began to transform into elongated and stretched-out domains. At late leptotene, the homologs had completely reorganized into long extended fibers, and the beginning of the bouquet stage was conspicuously marked by the de novo clustering of telomeres at the nuclear periphery. The homologs paired and synapsed during the bouquet stage, consistent with the timing of pairing observed for several oat 5S rDNA loci. In summary, results from analysis of more than 100 intact nuclei lead us to conclude that pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes are largely coincident processes, ruling out a role for premeiotic pairing in this system. These findings suggest that the genome-wide remodeling of chromatin and telomere-mediated nuclear reorganization are prerequisite steps to the DNA sequence-based homology-search process in higher eukaryotes.
Ultrasonography of Turner's syndrome. (1986)

Pelvic sonographic studies were performed on 15 phenotypic females with Turner's syndrome and varying X chromosome abnormalities. In those individuals with the 45XO karyotype, the ovaries were not visible, consistent with the classic description of absent or fibrous streak ovaries. The patients who were chromosomal mosaics showed a range of findings from absent to infantile to normal adult-size ovaries. Turner's syndrome should be suggested in individuals with delayed onset of puberty, primary amenorrhea, and short stature in whom pelvic ultrasonography fails to reveal ovaries. On the other hand, the detection of ovarian tissue by pelvic ultrasonography does not exclude the diagnosis of Turner's syndrome but does suggest that an X chromosomal abnormality other than 45XO is probably present.
Early Events: The In Vitro Conversion of BMP Transduced Fibroblasts to Chondroblasts (2003)

Strategies for localized skeletal regeneration using either cell or ex vivo gene transfer typically utilize preosteoblasts from bone or bone marrow biopsies. Our studies have demonstrated than ex vivo bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) transduced fibroblasts convert to osteoblasts and form bone in vivo. In addition when suspended in a variety of thermoset hydrogels, these cells are capable of ectopic or orthotopic bone formation. To study the mechanism of the phenotypic conversion of BMP transduced fibroblasts, we have initiated characterization of three-dimensional (3D) cultures derived from these cell/collagen hydrogel composites. These data reveal that the BMP, but not control transduced fibroblasts, secrete BMP-7 and acquire some chondroblastic traits in 3D cultures. These traits include altered cell shape and changes in the extracellular matrix such as accumulation of cartilage proteoglycan, type II collagen, and mineral deposition by 3 weeks. These studies suggest that this culture system may be useful for elucidating early mechanistic events in the BMP-induced conversion of fibroblasts to osteoblasts.
Linear, hyperbranched, and dendrimer-like polymers containing phosphorus: synthesis and properties (2001)

A strategy allowing the synthesis of linear, hyperbranched and dendritic polymers containing phosphorus is reported. A comparative study of the physical properties of these new polymers is presented.
Evaluation of Induced Form-Birefringence and PMD in Dispersion-Compensating Hole-Assisted Fibers (2008)

The birefringence and polarization-mode dispersion characteristics of dispersion-compensating hole-assisted fibers are analyzed numerically. It is revealed that distortion in air-holes leads to high birefringence and also shifts the dispersion by ±2% to its optimum value.
ChemInform Abstract: FERRIC CHLORIDE IN ETHER. A CONVENIENT REAGENT FOR THE CONVERSION OF EPOXIDES INTO CHLOROHYDRINS (1977)

Abstract Während die Epoxide (I), (III) und (IVa) sowie (IVb) mit Eisen(III)‐chlorid in Äther zu Chlorhydrinen reagieren, bildet Stilbenoxid bei der analogen Behandlung in quantitativer Weise Diphenylacetaldehyd.
Access Network Identifier (ANI) Option for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (2012)

The local mobility anchor in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) domain is
able to provide access-network- and access-operator-specific handling
or policing of the mobile node traffic using information about the
access network to which the mobile node is attached. This
specification defines a mechanism and a related mobility option for
carrying the access network identifier and the access operator
identification information from the mobile access gateway to the local
mobility anchor over Proxy Mobile IPv6. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Indirect detection of mercury-199 NMR: adducts of ethylmercury phosphate with amino acids and ribonuclease (1982)

199Hg NMR spectroscopy is used to examine the interaction of the toxic organomercurial ethylmercury phosphate [2235-25-8] with various amino acids. Because of the relative insensitivity of 199Hg and the low concns. of biol. mols., a heteronuclear spin-echo and a 2-dimensional technique involving a double transfer of polarization are used to bypass the concn. limits of direct detection. The chem. shifts of 199Hg cover a wide range (600 ppm for ethylmercury derivs.) and are diagnostic for the identity of the ethylmercury adduct. Based on the Hg chem. shifts and pH stability detd. for adducts of the ethylmercuric ion [21687-36-5] with individual amino acids, the ethylmercury-RNase [9001-99-4] adduct may involve modification of the N-terminal lysine [56-87-1] residue. [on SciFinder (R)]
Surface tension measurement from the indentation of clamped thin films (2016)

We developed an indentation technique to measure the surface tension of relatively stiff solids. In the proposed method, a suspended thin solid film is indented by a rigid sphere and its deflection is measured by optical interferometry. The film deflection is jointly resisted by surface tension, elasticity and residual stress. Using a version of nonlinear von Karman plate theory that includes surface tension, we are able to separate the contribution of elasticity to the total tension in the film. Surface tension is determined by extrapolating the sum of surface tension and residual stress to zero film thickness. We measured the surface tension of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using this technique and obtained a value of 19.5 ± 3.6 mN m(-1), consistent with the surface energy of PDMS reported in the literature.
Conditions for TaIV–TaIV Bonding in Trirutile LixMTa2O6 (2015)

Stabilization of Ta-Ta bonding in an oxide across a shared octahedral-site edge of a Ta2 dimer is not known. Investigation of Li insertion into the trirutile structure of MTa2O6 with M = Mg, Cr, Fe, Co, and Ni indicates that Ta-Ta bonding across the shared octahedral-site edge of the dimer can be stabilized by a reversible electrochemical reduction of Ta(V) to Ta(IV) for M = Cr, Fe, Co, and Ni but not for M = Mg. Chemical reduction of MTa2O6 by n-butyl lithium only reduced NiTa2O6 to any significant extent. With M = Fe, Co, or Ni, electrochemical formation of the Ta-Ta bonds is accompanied by a partial reduction of the Fe(II), Co(II), or Ni(II) to Fe(0), Co(0), or Ni(0). For M = Cr, two Li per formula unit can be inserted reversibly with no displacement of Cr(0). For M = Mg, no Mg(II) are displaced by Li insertion, but a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is formed on the oxide with no evidence of Ta-Ta bonding. Stabilization of Ta-Ta bonding across a shared octahedral-site edge in a dimer appears to require significant hybridization of the Ta(V) 5d(0) and M 4s(0) states.
Capturing Australian Indigenous Perception Of Virtual Landscape (2005)

This short paper presents a means of capturing non spatial information (specifically understanding of places) for use in a Virtual Heritage application. This research is part of the Digital Songlines Project which is developing protocols, methodologies and a toolkit to facilitate the collection and sharing of Indigenous cultural heritage knowledge, using virtual reality. Within the context of this project most of the cultural activities relate to celebrating life and to the Australian Aboriginal people, land is the heart of life. Australian Indigenous art, stories, dances, songs and rituals celebrate country as its focus or basis. To the Aboriginal people the term “Country” means a lot more than a place or a nation, rather “Country” is a living entity with a past a present and a future; they talk about it in the same way as they talk about their mother. The landscape is seen to have a spiritual connection in a view seldom understood by non-indigenous persons; this paper introduces an attempt to understand such empathy and relationship and to reproduce it in a virtual environment.
<title>Large area, flat-panel a-Si:H arrays for x-ray imaging</title> (1993)

The development of a large-area amorphous silicon array for x-ray imaging is described. The array comprises pixels made up of amorphous silicon transistors and photodiode sensors with a pixel-to-pixel pitch of 450 micrometers . With a format of 512 X 560 pixels, the array has an area of 23 by 25 cm<SUP>2</SUP> making it the largest self-scanning, solid-state, pixelated imaging device ever reported. The first diagnostic x-ray images from such a large area device are demonstrated and a general review of the current state of this technology is given. The properties of such arrays are summarized and future anticipated developments discussed.
SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein interacts with immunoregulators and stress granules and phase separates to form liquid droplets (2021)

The current work investigated SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (NCAP or N protein) interactors in A549 human lung cancer cells using a SILAC-based mass spectrometry approach. NCAP interactors included proteins of the stress granule (SG) machinery and immunoregulators. NCAP showed specific interaction with the SG proteins G3BP1, G3BP2, YTHDF3, USP10 and PKR, and translocated to SGs following oxidative stress and heat shock. Treatment of recombinant NCAP with RNA isolated from A549 cells exposed to oxidative stress-stimulated NCAP to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). RNA degradation using RNase A treatment completely blocked the LLPS property of NCAP as well as its SG association. The RNA intercalator mitoxantrone also disrupted NCAP assembly in vitro and in cells. This study provides insight into the biological processes and biophysical properties of the SARS-CoV-2 NCAP.
Broadband High-Resolution Scanning of Soliton Micro-Combs (2019)

We demonstrate continuous scanning of a single soliton micro-comb over 88 GHz with an instantaneous linewidth of 60 kHz. We show such a system can acquire spectra of HCN with a high spectral-resolution. © 2019 The Author(s)
Mineralogy Driven Scale Inhibitor Squeeze Designs (2005)

Abstract This paper will discuss several aspects of how formation mineralogy can affect treatment designs. The paper will show how the mineralogy can be used to create a first good estimate of the adsorption isotherm, which is normally the primary controlling mathematical function that describes how the scale inhibitor will return from the formation. This was accomplished by first determining the true equilibrium adsorption isotherms of an example scale inhibitor on various single minerals. Short-core tests are often used to determine whether issues of formation damage might be relevant. However, this paper will show that scale inhibitors, particularly at pH less than 5, are reactive with formation mineralogy and can lead to fluid conditions not achievable in short-core testing, and therefore not generally anticipated during the squeeze treatment. Consequently, short-core tests may not always be a reliable indication of damage potential. This paper will discuss how an evaluation of the formation mineralogy can lead to insight into ways to avoid many damage mechanisms unobservable in short-core testing.