gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-contact acquisition of brain function using a time-extracted compact camera (2019)

A revolution in functional brain imaging techniques is in progress in the field of neurosciences. Optical imaging techniques, such as high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT), in which source-detector pairs of probes are placed on subjects' heads, provide better portability than conventional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) equipment. However, these techniques remain costly and can only acquire images at up to a few measurements per square centimetre, even when multiple detector probes are employed. In this study, we demonstrate functional brain imaging using a compact and affordable setup that employs nanosecond-order pulsed ordinary laser diodes and a time-extracted image sensor with superimposition capture of scattered components. Our technique can simply and easily attain a high density of measurement points without requiring probes to be attached, and can directly capture two-dimensional functional brain images. We have demonstrated brain activity imaging using a phantom that mimics the optical properties of an adult human head, and with a human subject, have measured cognitive brain activation while the subject is solving simple arithmetical tasks.
Brownian strings: image segmentation with stochastically deformable models (1995)

This paper describes an image segmentation technique in which an arbitrarily shaped contour is deformed stochastically until it fits around an object of interest. The evolution of the contour is controlled by a simulated annealing process which causes the contour to settle into the global minimum of an image-derived 'energy' function which is designed to be small when the contour is near the border of objects similar to the target. The nonparametric energy function is derived from the statistical properties of similar previously segmented images, thereby incorporating prior experience. Since the method is based on a state space search for the contour with the best global properties, it is stable in the presence of image errors which confound segmentation techniques based on local criteria such as connectivity. However, unlike 'snakes' and other active contour approaches, the new method can handle arbitrarily irregular contours in which each inter-pixel crack represents an independent degree of freedom. The method is illustrated by using it to find the brain surface in magnetic resonance head images, to identify the epicardial surface in magnetic resonance cardiac images, and to track blood vessels in angiograms.
OntheEquivalence between someBlock Oriented Nonlinear Models andNonlinear Polynomial State Space Models (2007)

Inorder todetermine howrichtheclass ofnonlinear polynomial state space models is, acomparison withsomestandard block-oriented nonlinear models ismade.Theprosandconsofboth modelling approaches arediscussed, andillustrated ontworeal measurement examples.
Effects of element separation and carrier wavelength on detection of snakes and ladders: Implications for models of contour integration (2008)

In this paper, we examine the mechanisms underlying the perceptual integration of two types of contour: snakes (composed of Gabor elements parallel to the path of the contour) and ladders (with elements perpendicular to the path). We varied the element separation and carrier wavelength. Increasing the element separation impaired detection of snakes but did not affect ladders; at high separations, snakes and ladders were closely matched in difficulty. One subject showed no effect of carrier wavelength, and the other showed a decline in performance as the wavelength increased. We discuss how these results might be accommodated by association field models. We also present a new model in which the linkage results from overlap in the filter responses to adjacent elements. We show that, if 1st-order filters are used, the model's performance on widely spaced snake contours deteriorates greatly as the carrier wavelength of the elements decreases, in contrast to our psychophysical results. To integrate widely spaced contours with short carrier wavelengths, the model requires a 2nd-order process, in which a nonlinearity intervenes between small-scale 1st-stage filters and large-scale 2nd-stage filters. This model detects snakes when the 1st and 2nd stage filters have the same orientation, and detects ladders when they are orthogonal.
Reduced feedback SDMA based on subspace packings (2009)

Herein, we treat Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) based on partial channel state information and limited feedback. We propose a novel framework utilizing subspace packings, where beamforming, feedback, and scheduling are integrated. Advantages of the proposed framework are that the fed back supportable rates are based on the post-scheduling SINR and that the feedback implicitly contains information about the spatial compatibility of the users. The feasibility region of packings of different dimensions is indicated by the allocation outage probability which is derived. Grassmannian subspace packings, DFT-based packings, and non-orthogonal Grassmannian packings are formulated and studied as candidates. Numerical simulations show better performance for the proposed scheme compared to conventional channel quantization at the receiver with zero-forcing transmission in i.i.d. Rayleigh fading. Finally, we propose and evaluate a beam-graph method to further reduce the feedback load, that can be used in the context of tracking quantized beamformers.
Characterization of rabbit antisera elicited with human LMP2‐ and LMP7‐specific peptides and recombinant proteins (1997)

Anti-human LMP2 and anti-human LMP7 sera with a titer of at least 1:10,000 were developed by immunizing rabbits with LMP2- and LMP7-specific peptides corresponding to C-terminal regions of each subunit or with TrxLMP2 and TrxLMP7 recombinant proteins. IgG antibodies elicited by immunization with LMP-specific peptides or recombinant proteins displayed reactivity with their respective immunogens in ELISA. Furthermore, antibodies elicited with both types of immunogens recognize native and recombinant LMP2 and LMP7 subunits in Western blotting and are able to immunoprecipitate LMP2 and LMP7 as components of the 20S proteasome from lymphoid cell lysates. In ELISA, a subpopulation of the antibodies generated with LMP peptides and recombinant proteins corresponding to one LMP subunit is cross-reactive with the other one. This antibody subpopulation was not detectable in the affinity-purified antibody populations isolated by passing antisera over the corresponding immunogen. Neither anti-LMP2 nor anti-LMP7 sera displayed cross-reactivity with the homologous proteasome subunits Delta and MB1. In immunohistochemical reactions affinity-purified anti-LMP2 and anti-LMP7 antibodies stained cells in both frozen and formalin-fixed tissue sections of normal skin. These results indicate that the anti-LMP2 and anti-LMP7 sera elicited with peptides and recombinant proteins are both useful reagents for biochemical characterization of LMP2 and LMP7 and to analyze their expression in normal and transformed cells.
LABEL FREE DETECTION OF VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES (2011)

The detection and quantification of aqueous suspensions of virus particles is critical for a wide variety of applications, ranging from medical diagnostics, homeland security, food and drug production, to water sanitation. Advances in virus detection technologies are expected to yield significant savings in cost and time. Here we present the use of a label free evanescent optical field based biosensor for the sensitive detection of nanoparticles with physical and optical properties similar to those of many viruses.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple Bonds Between Main Group Elements and Transition Metals. Part 129. Chlorotrioxorhenium. Novel Syntheses, Reactions, and Derivatives. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and Implementation of an MVC-Based Architecture for E-Commerce Applications (2001)

Although the separation of a model from its visual representation (view) implies well-known benefits, available Java libraries do not sufficiently support this concept. This paper presents a straightforward way to smoothly enhance Java libraries in this direction independently of the particular graphic user interface (GUI) library. The lean framework JGadgets, which was inspired by the Oberon Gadgets system, allows developers to focus on model programming only. This significantly reduces development costs, in particular in the realm of quite simple, form-based GUIs, which are commonplace in commercial e-business systems. The authors first present a case study implemented on top of JGadgets that demonstrates the benefits of the MVC architecture. They then go on to sketch the reflection-based design of JGadgets itself.
Modeling of multilayered media using effective medium theory (2010)

The effective medium theory is applied to model a layered medium substrate. Four equivalent models are developed to calculate the effective permittivity and permeability, namely, (a) Parallel plate capacitor model; (b) Model based on the same reflection and transmission coefficients; (c) Model based on the same reflection coefficient; and (d) Model based on the same transmission coefficient. Finally, this paper numerically compares these four equivalent models for the layered media. On the low-frequency (LF) limit, the analytical expressions of the effective dielectric constant are derived.
Imagination-Augmented Agents for Deep Reinforcement Learning (2017)

We introduce Imagination-Augmented Agents (I2As), a novel architecture for deep reinforcement learning combining model-free and model-based aspects. In contrast to most existing model-based reinforcement learning and planning methods, which prescribe how a model should be used to arrive at a policy, I2As learn to interpret predictions from a trained environment model to construct implicit plans in arbitrary ways, by using the predictions as additional context in deep policy networks. I2As show improved data efficiency, performance, and robustness to model misspecification compared to several strong baselines.
Isolation and functional analysis of the Co-gene for a columnar architecture of apple trees (2010)

The ‘Wijcik’ mutant of the apple cultivar ‘McIntosh’ shows a columnar-type growth, characterized by altered branching and a thick stem. Instead of normal branches, spur-like short branches are produced, leading to apples produced close to the stem. Columnar-type growth is a desirable trait, as columnar apple trees need considerably less pruning compared to standard trees. Furthermore, apple picking and the application of chemicals is much easier on columnar trees.&#13;\nWe limited the genomic window for the Co gene to ~800 kbp. Our project aims at detection of the causal mutation that leads to columnar growth, and functional analysis of the underlying Co.&#13;\nWe are using two BAC libraries to screen for clones covering the Co region in both standard ‘McIntosh’ and its mutant. By sequencing these clones and comparing the sequences, we will identify the Co mutation.&#13;\nIn addition, we will look at expression of Co gene candidates and potential downstream targets.&#13;\nThis work will result into the development of a perfect marker for columnar growth for application in breeding, better understanding of the physiological background of columnar growth, and the availability of the Co gene for the development of cisgenic columnar apple trees.
Pharmacological activity of a Bv8 analogue modified in position 24 (2011)

A-24 induced its anti-hyperalgesic effect in rodents by directly blocking nociceptor PK(1) receptors and by activating the central opioid system and the descending pain control pathway through brain PK(2) receptors.
Supplemental Table 1 from AXL Is a Logical Molecular Target in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 1. Clinical information describing HNSCC cohort&lt;/p&gt;
The Infrared Spectrum of Dioxygen Bound to the Synthetic Porphinatoiron in an Aqueous Medium (1988)

Abstract A highly concentrated aqueous solution of heme ([heme]=25 mM) was prepared by embedding the 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(α,α,α,α-o-(2′,2′-dimethyl-20′-(2″-trimethylammonio)ethylphosphonatoxy)eicosanamido)phenyl)porphinatoiron(II) complex of 1-dodecylimidazole in bilayer of polymerized 1,2-bis(2,4-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine liposome (poly-lipid liposome/heme). The dioxygen-binding mode of the poly-lipid liposome/oxyheme in the aqueous medium was then measured by means of infrared difference spectroscopy: The νo–o value at 1161 cm−1 was found to correspond to those of the oxy picket-fence heme in Nujol mulls, oxy myoglobin, and oxy hemoglobin in an aqueous medium.
Artificial surf reef design (2005)

Artificial surf reefs (ASRs) are structures specifically aimed at modifying the nearshore wave field transformation to improve surfing conditions or 'surfability'.With the increasing popularity of surfing, the demand for such artificial reefs is ever growing.Thus far, three ASRs have been realized over the last decade (see e.g.Black & Mead 2001) and many more are planned to be constructed in the near future.ASRs are planned to be constructed in big wave pools for indoor surfing.Nevertheless, artificial surf reef design is often done fairly ad hoc and there remains great uncertainty as to what the optimal dimensions of the artificial surf reef should be.Henriquez ( 2004) investigated, through a combination of numerical and experimental modelling, how ASR design affects the resulting surfability.The quality of a surf break is generally expressed in three measurable parameters: breaker height, peel angle and breaker shape.Together these parameters determine the surfability of the wave.In particular, the peel angle (a measure related to the rate at which the wave breaks along its crest) is an important measure that plays a dominant role in ASR design.The numerical modelling (Henriquez, 2004) was done without taking into account wave-driven currents.The experimental modelling by Henriquez showed that, approximately 20% of the wave ride was negatively affected by rip currents driven by wave breaking over the ASR.The waves in the rip current were breaking in sections, irregular and with a rough water surface, in other words: unsuitable for surfing.
150 mm SiC Engineered Substrates for High-Voltage Power Devices (2022)

Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Devices have emerged as a breakthrough technology for a wide range of applications in the frame of high power electronics. Despite the continuously improving quality and supply of 4H-SiC substrates, the availability of such wafers is still insufficient. An advantageous opportunity is offered by the Smart Cut TM technology with the integration of a very high quality SiC layer transferred to a low resistivity handle wafer. This bi-layer material enables a significant yield optimization and improvement of the device’s electrical performance. Moreover, an additional key feature of the Smart Cut TM technology is the possibility to re-use multiple times the donor wafer, leading to reduced manufacturing costs and enabling the high volume production of SiC wafers. In this paper we report the latest advances in the development of such so called SmartSiC TM substrates.
Coherence Studies of Photons Emitted from a Single Terrylene Molecule Using Michelson and Young’s Interferometers (2015)

Coherence length (time) is a key parameter in many classical and quantum optical applications. Two interferometers &#x2013; Michelson and Young&#x2019;s double-slit &#x2013; are used to characterize the temporal coherence of single photons emitted from single terrylene molecules. For quantitative analysis, a dispersion-related distortion in the interference pattern of a Michelson interferometer is carefully corrected by a simple dispersion compensation. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that Young&#x2019;s interferometer can be used in temporal coherence studies at the single photon level with high accuracy. The pros and cons of the two systems are discussed. The measured coherence lengths in the two systems are consistent with one another under the self-interference interpretations.
Efficient FPGA Implementations of High-Dimensional Cube Testers on the Stream Cipher Grain-128. (2009)

Cube testers are a generic class of methods for building distinguishers, based on cube attacks and on algebraic property-testers. In this paper, we report on an efficient FPGA implementation of cube testers on the stream cipher Grain-128. Our best result (a distinguisher on Grain-128 reduced to 237 rounds, out of 256) was achieved after a computation involving 2 clockings of Grain-128, with a 256×32 parallelization. An extrapolation of our results with standard methods suggests the possibility of a distinguishing attack on the full Grain-128 in time 2, which is well below the 2 complexity of exhaustive search. We also describe the method used for finding good cubes (a simple evolutionary algorithm), and report preliminary results on Grain-v1 obtained with a bitsliced C implementation. For instance, running a 30-dimensional cube tester on Grain-128 takes 10 seconds with our FPGA machine, against about 45 minutes with our bitsliced C implementation, and more than a day with a straightforward C implementation.
Spine–hip relations in patients with hip osteoarthritis (2018)

Patients with hip osteoarthritis often have an abnormal spine-hip relation (SHR), meaning the presence of a clinically deleterious spine-hip and/or hip-spine syndrome.Definition of the individual SHR is ideally done using the EOS® imaging system or, if not available, with conventional lumbopelvic lateral radiographs.By pre-operatively screening patients with abnormal SHR, it is possible to refine total hip replacement (THR) surgical planning, which may improve outcomes.An important component of the concept of kinematically aligned total hip arthroplasty (KA THA) consists of defining the optimal acetabular cup design and orientation based on the assessment of an individual's SHR, and use of the transverse acetabular ligament to adjust the cup positioning.The Bordeaux classification might advance the understanding of SHR and hopefully help improve THR outcomes. Cite this article: <i>EFORT Open Rev</i> 2018;3:39-44. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170020.
Effect of chronic heart failure on the pharmacokinetics of eplerenone following single and multiple dosing (2004)

This study determined the effect of chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) on the single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of eplerenone (EPL). EPL is a highly selective aldosterone blocker indicated for the treatment of hypertension with demonstrated morbidity/mortality benefits in acute myocardial infarction patients with left ventricular heart failure. Eight subjects with CHF and 8 matched-control subjects (matched for age, sex, and weight) were enrolled in a 2-period, open-label, single- and multiple-dose study. After a single 50-mg dose and multiple once daily 50-mg doses, pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for EPL, its inactive ring-open form, SC-70303, and the inactive metabolite, SC-71597. No statistically significant differences in any EPL, SC-70303, or SC-71597 pharmacokinetic parameters were observed between CHF and control subjects. Following multiple-dosing, EPL CL/F was insignificantly lower (<27.4%) in CHF subjects compared with control subjects resulting in an insignificant increase in EPL AUC (<37.7%) and Cmax (<29.7%). As expected from the pharmacology of EPL, mean serum aldosterone and active renin values increased in both subject groups following administration of EPL. CHF subjects had a reduction in mean Na+ retention scores from 1.88 pre- to 0.5 post-treatment. EPL was well tolerated in both subject groups. These results indicate that dose adjustment based on pharmacokinetic alterations does not appear necessary in CHF patients. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P37–P37; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.141
Machine Learning Optimization of Lignin Properties in Green Biorefineries (2022)

Novel biorefineries could transform lignin, an abundant biopolymer, from byproduct waste to high-value products for a sustainable society. Here we report the optimization of the AquaSolv omni biorefinery for lignin via Bayesian optimization, a machine learning framework for sample-efficient and guided data collection. This tool allows us to relate the biorefinery conditions like hydrothermal pretreatment reaction severity and temperature with multiple experimental outputs such as lignin structural features characterized using 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. By applying a Pareto front analysis to our models, we can find the processing conditions that simultaneously optimize the lignin yield and the amount of \bof{} linkages for the depolymerization of lignin into platform chemicals. Our study demonstrates the potential of machine learning to accelerate the development of sustainable chemical processing techniques for targeted applications and products.
An Acoustic Time-of-Flight Approach for Unsteady Temperature Measurements: Characterization of Entropy Waves in a Model Gas Turbine Combustor (2016)

Lean premixed combustion promotes the occurrence of thermoacoustic phenomena in gas turbine combustors. One mechanism that contributes to the flame–acoustic interaction is entropy noise. Fluctuations of the equivalence ratio in the mixing section cause the generation of hot spots in the flame. These so-called entropy waves are convectively transported to the first stage of the turbine and generate acoustic waves that travel back to the flame; a thermoacoustic loop is closed. However, due to the lack of experimental tools, a detailed investigation of entropy waves in gas turbine combustion systems has not been possible up to now. This work presents an acoustic time-of-flight based temperature measurement method which allows the measurement of temperature fluctuations in the relevant frequency range. A narrow acoustic pulse is generated with an electric spark discharge close to the combustor wall. The acoustic response is measured at the same axial location with an array of microphones circumferentially distributed around the combustion chamber. The delay in the pulse arrival times corresponds to the line-integrated inverse speed of sound. For the measurement of entropy waves in an atmospheric combustion test rig, fuel is periodically injected into the mixing tube of a premixed combustor. The subsequently generated entropy waves are measured for different forcing frequencies of the fuel injection and for different mean flow velocities in the combustor. The amplitude decay and phase lag of the entropy waves adhere well to a Strouhal number scaling for different mean flow velocities.