gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PAIRS: A scalable geo-spatial data analytics platform (2015)

Geospatial data volume exceeds hundreds of Petabytes and is increasing exponentially mainly driven by images/videos/data generated by mobile devices and high resolution imaging systems. Fast data discovery on historical archives and/or real time datasets is currently limited by various data formats that have different projections and spatial resolution, requiring extensive data processing before analytics can be carried out. A new platform called Physical Analytics Integrated Repository and Services (PAIRS) is presented that enables rapid data discovery by automatically updating, joining, and homogenizing data layers in space and time. Built on top of open source big data software, PAIRS manages automatic data download, data curation, and scalable storage while being simultaneously a computational platform for running physical and statistical models on the curated datasets. By addressing data curation before data being uploaded to the platform, multi-layer queries and filtering can be performed in real time. In addition, PAIRS offers a foundation for developing custom analytics. Towards that end we present two examples with models which are running operationally: (1) high resolution evapo-transpiration and vegetation monitoring for agriculture and (2) hyperlocal weather forecasting driven by machine learning for renewable energy forecasting.
Nitinol self-deployable endovascular prostheses: variability in corrosion resistance (2004)

Alors que la chirurgie laparoscopique et/ou avec effraction tissulaire reduite apparait de plus en plus seduisante, il convient de consacrer davantage d'effort au developpement d'implants qui pourront etre deployes au site pathologique. La chirurgie endovasculaire (aussi appelee radiologie interventionelle) pour retablir un flot sanguin normal dans les arteres anevrysmales exige que les protheses (appelees stent-grafts) soient inserees par catheter avant d'etre deployees. Les alliages a memoire de forme, essentiellement le Nitinol, apparaissent donc tres seduisants, car leur maniabilite est exceptionnelle. Malheureusement, apres implantation, le Nitinol peut se corroder et remettre en cause la biocompatibilite, la biostabilite et la biofonctionalite des implants. Des cas de corrosion severe in vivo ont ete rapportees et les disparites pourraient etre liees a des differences entre les Nitinols commerciaux. Nous avons fait subir des tests de corrosion par polarisation cyclique a des fils de Nitinol provenant de differents fabricants. La resistance a la corrosion varie de facon importante selon le fabricant. De plus, le procede thermique de mise en forme utilise pour produire des fils spirales entrainent une chute considerable de leur resistance a la corrosion. Les traitements de surface, qu'il s'agisse du polissage electrolytique, mecanique et/ou de la passivation chimique, augmentent la resistance a la corrosion de maniere significative, mais ils ne permettent pas de recuperer completement les effets deleteres du traitement thermique. L'epaisseur de la couche d'oxyde a la surface de protheses commercialisees, ainsi que leur manque d'uniformite (avec des zones de forte concentration en nickel), montrent qu'il reste beaucoup de chemin a parcourir avant de garantir une la stabilite et la biocompatibilite a long terme des implants. Faute de standards, force est de recommander de mieux caracteriser les Nitinols avant d'en selectionner un pour la conception d'un nouvel implant. D'autres procedes de traitement de surface doivent etre envisages et valides pour garantir la bioresilience. En outre, les caracteristiques des alliages a memoire de forme a l'etat brut devraient etre etablies.
Monitoring the Enzymatic Polymerization of 4-Phenylphenol by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry:  A Novel Approach (2002)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for polymer characterization. It has been used to understand the enzymatic polymerization of 4-phenylphenol and to monitor number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight of the polymer as a function of systematic addition of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in the reaction. A novel method, an introduction of internal standard for quantification of data, has been developed for MALDI-TOF MS to investigate the fate of each mers during the reaction. The preliminary data suggest that this approach provides new insight on the enzymatic synthesis, which is not available by other techniques. For the first time, we are able to understand the fate of several mers as a function of reaction conditions. The relative content of each mer increases with the addition of H(2)O(2), except for dimer and trimer. For example, the concentration of dimer species decreases as a function of H(2)O(2). On the other hand, the concentration of trimer species increases first and then decreases in the course of the reaction.
IMPLEMENTING RANDOM ASSIGNMENTS, PART I: A GENERALIZATION OF THE BIRKHOFF-VON NEUMANN THEOREM (2009)

The Birkho-von Neumann Theorem shows that any bistochastic matrix can be written as a convex combination of permutation matrices. In particular, in a setting where n objects must be assigned to n agents, one object per agent, any random assignment matrix can be resolved into a deterministic assignment in accordance with the specied probability matrix. We generalize the theorem to accommodate constraints encountered in many real-life market design problems. Specically, the theorem can be extended to any environment in which the set of constraints can be partitioned into two hierarchies. Further, we show that this bihierarchy structure constitutes a maximal domain for the theorem, and we provide a constructive algorithm for implementing a random assignment under bihierarchical constraints. We provide several applications, including (i) single-unit random assignment, such as school choice; (ii) multi-unit ran- dom assignment, such as course allocation and fair division; and (iii) two-sided matching problems, such as the scheduling of inter-league sports matchups. The same method also nds applications beyond economics, generalizing previous results on the minimize makespan problem in the computer science literature.
Estrogens inhibit and androgens enhance ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis. (1993)

Apoptotic cell death has recently been suggested to be the underlying mechanism of ovarian follicle atresia. To study the regulation of follicle cell apoptosis by sex steroids, we have analyzed ovarian DNA fragmentation, the hallmark of apoptosis, in rats treated with estrogens and androgens. Immature rats were hypophysectomized and implanted with diethylstilbestrol (DES) capsules. Two days later, DES implants were removed in some animals, followed by treatment with estrogens with or without androgens. The extent of ovarian apoptotic DNA fragmentation was analyzed by autoradiography of size-fractionated DNA labeled at 3'-ends by [32P]dideoxy-ATP. After DES withdrawal, ovarian weight decreased and DNA fragmentation increased in a time-dependent manner. In granulosa cells, an increase in apoptotic DNA fragmentation was seen 12 h after withdrawal of DES implants, followed by a 25-fold increase at 48 h. In situ analysis of DNA fragmentation on histological sections of ovaries, using a nonisotopic labeling of DNA by digoxigenin-dideoxy-UTP, also demonstrated that apoptosis induced by DES withdrawal is confined to the granulosa cells in early antral and preantral follicles. No increase in DNA breakdown was detected in thecal cells and interstitial tissues or granulosa cells of primordial and primary follicles. In contrast, replacement with DES (0.5 mg twice daily) or estradiol benzoate (3 mg daily) completely prevented the observed ovarian weight loss and increases in granulosa cell apoptosis. Treatment with estradiol benzoate (0.003-3 mg/day) dose dependently suppressed the apoptosis seen 2 days after removal of DES implants. Furthermore, the antiatretogenic effect of estrogen was blocked by treatment with testosterone (0.5 mg twice daily), which increased ovarian apoptotic DNA fragmentation and decreased ovarian weight in DES-treated animals in a time-dependent manner. Also, in situ examination showed that androgen treatment increased apoptosis in the granulosa cells in a subpopulation of early antral and preantral follicles. The specificity of testosterone action was further demonstrated by the lack of effect of progesterone and cortisol on ovarian apoptosis. These data suggest that sex steroids play an important role in the regulation of ovarian apoptotic cell death, with estrogens preventing apoptosis and androgens antagonizing the effect of estrogens. These data provide the basis for future studies on the role of sex steroid hormones in follicular atresia and the regulation of endonuclease activity by steroid hormones.
Observability of shape from focus (2002)

We consider a closed-loop system consisting of a commercial video camera with auto-focus. We view the position of the lens as the controlled input, the brightness array on the CCD sensor as the measured output, and the auto-focus' task to maintain a region of the image "in focus". As we see, the (non-linear and distributed) input/output map that describes the imaging process depends upon the shape of the scene being viewed. The aim of the paper is to study the observability of three-dimensional shape from two-dimensional images of a static scene obtained by controlling the focus of the camera.
High birefringence lateral difluoro phenyl tolane liquid crystals (2010)

Four laterally difluorinated phenyl tolane liquid crystals were synthesised and their physical properties evaluated. These compounds exhibit a fairly small heat fusion enthalpy (ΔH ∼ 12.56 kJ mol−1), which is favourable for mixture formulations. For comparison, four lateral difluoro cyclohexane tolane homologues are also studied. We doped 10 wt% of each compound into a commercial negative mixture N1 and measured the birefringence, visco-elastic coefficient and figure of merit. Birefringence varies very little between homologues, but the visco-elastic coefficient increases as alkyl chain length increases. The refractive indices of these guest–host mixtures at 1550 nm are also measured.
A High-Throughput, High-Resolution Strategy for the Study of Site-Selective DNA Binding Agents: Analysis of a “Highly Twisted” Benzimidazole-Diamidine (2020)

A general strategy for the rapid structural analysis of DNA binding ligands is described as it was applied to the study of RT29, a new benzimidazole-diamidine compound containing a highly twisted diphenyl ether linkage. By combining the existing high-throughput fluorescent intercalator displacement (HT-FID) assay developed by Boger et al. and a high-resolution (HR) host-guest crystallographic technique, a system was produced that was capable of determining detailed structural information pertaining to RT29-DNA interactions within ~ 3 days. Our application of the HT-HR strategy immediately revealed that RT29 has a preference for four-base pair, A/T-rich sites (AATT) and a similar tolerance and affinity for three A·T-base pair sites (such as ATTC) containing a G·C base pair. Based on these selectivities, oligonucleotides were designed and the host-guest crystallographic method was used to generate diffraction quality crystals. Analysis of the resulting crystal structures revealed that the diphenyl ether moiety of RT29 undergoes conformational changes that allow it to adopt a crescent shape that now complements the minor groove structure. The presence of a G·C base pair in the RT29 binding site of ATTC did not overly perturb its interaction with DNA - the compound adjusted to the nucleobases that were available through water-mediated interactions. Our analyses suggest that the HT-HR strategy may be used to expedite the screening of novel minor groove binding compounds leading to a direct, HR structural determination.
Present challenges and solutions in sampling and correction for 45 nm (2006)

Conventional OPC, also known as site-based OPC, has relied on rules-based fragmentation and site placement since its inception. The issues that arose in earlier generations around imprecise site and fragmentation placement, relative to the exact location of proximity effects, has been illustrated in earlier works [1] but generally did not produce catastrophic results. However, when coupled with the large process biases, strong RET, and accuracy requirements for 45 nm and future nodes, this imprecision can produce catastrophic results. This work will report on efforts to use model-directed site and fragmentation placement, as well as inclusion of process window knowledge into the site-based OPC flow to address varied sources of errors and relative results with different approaches. In addition to the conventional site-based OPC, a new breed of tool that avoids sites in favor of fully gridded, or dense, simulation is rapidly maturing. The new approach allows more intelligence to be built into the OPC engine such that fragmentation and error sampling are more automated and thus less error prone. Using the same layout data, we will also present a snapshot of the new tool's results.
A Ternary Unification Framework for Optimizing TCAM-Based Packet Classification Systems (2018)

Packet classification is the key mechanism for enabling many networking and security services. Ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) has been the industrial standard for implementing high-speed packet classification because of its constant classification time. However, TCAM chips have small capacity, high power consumption, high heat generation, and large area-size. This paper focuses on the TCAM-based classifier compression problem: given a classifier C , we want to construct the smallest possible list of TCAM entries T that implement C . In this paper, we propose the ternary unification framework (TUF) for this compression problem and three concrete compression algorithms within this framework. The framework allows us to find more optimization opportunities and design new TCAM-based classifier compression algorithms. Our experimental results show that the TUF can speed up the prior algorithm TCAM Razor by 20 times or more and leads to new algorithms that improve compression performance over prior algorithms by an average of 13.7% on our largest real-life classifiers. The experimental results show that our algorithms can improve both the runtime and the compression ratio over prior work.
High-Order Harmonic Generation up to 250 eV from Highly Ionized Argon (2004)

We demonstrate the generation of very high-order harmonics, up to 250 eV, using argon gas. This extends by 100 eV the highest harmonics previously observed using Ar and exceeds the energies observed using any other medium besides helium. This advance is made possible by using a waveguide geometry to limit plasma-induced laser beam defocusing, making it possible to generate high harmonics from Ar ions. This work shows that high harmonic emission from ions can extend laser-based coherent up-conversion into the soft x-ray region of the spectrum.
A mouse model of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome has impaired fear memory, which is rescued by lithium treatment (2021)

Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles present on most cells that regulate many physiological processes, ranging from maintaining energy homeostasis to renal function. However, the role of these structures in the regulation of behavior remains unknown. To study the role of cilia in behavior, we employ mouse models of the human ciliopathy, Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS). Here, we demonstrate that BBS mice have significant impairments in context fear conditioning, a form of associative learning. Moreover, we show that postnatal deletion of BBS gene function, as well as congenital deletion, specifically in the forebrain, impairs context fear conditioning. Analyses indicated that these behavioral impairments are not the result of impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation. However, our results indicate that these behavioral impairments are the result of impaired hippocampal neurogenesis. Two-week treatment with lithium chloride partially restores the proliferation of hippocampal neurons which leads to a rescue of context fear conditioning. Overall, our results identify a novel role of cilia genes in hippocampal neurogenesis and long-term context fear conditioning.
Osteoporosis Screening in a Tertiary Referral - Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2010)

Purpose: Background: Many will argue that IBD patients are a unique population at high risk for developing osteoporosis. Considered the most significant risk factor would be the common use of corticosteroids. The AGA commented in their 2006 Medical Position Statement, “Periodic bone mineral density assessment is recommended for patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy (>3 months) (Grade A). Aims: To estimate the percent of patients with appropriate osteoporosis screening among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients at highest risk: those with current chronic steroid use. To describe the characteristics of IBD clinic patients needing osteoporosis screening, and to determine whether these characteristics are associated with whether or not screening was performed. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on 80 new referral patients seen at our IBD clinic from August 31, 2009 through January 5, 2010. Patients were excluded if they were under 18 years old, if they had a diagnosis of osteoporosis, or if they lacked a definitive diagnosis of IBD. Results: The patient population was 57.5% female and 42.5% male. The majority of patients, 86%, were Caucasian. 38.8% reported current steroid use at the time of their visit, and 37.5% had a history of steroid use greater than three months in duration; 23% had both current and chronic steroid usage. Of those with current chronic steroid use, only 28% were asked about bone density scanning during their visit; 2 patients were referred for testing, and 1 was diagnosed with osteoporosis. Additional osteoporosis risk factors were identified during the review including elevated inflammatory markers (52.5%), low body weight (45%), significant smoking history (27.5%), positive family history (21.3%) and age>65 (11.3%). Conclusion: In our tertiary referral IBD practice, the rate of appropriate osteoporosis screening was low. Early recognition and treatment of osteoporosis has been shown to decrease the risk of fracture, decreasing morbidity and increasing the quality of patient care. Therefore, a practice improvement protocol to improve screening for osteoporosis in these patients is appropriate.
Urinary Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Excretion in Diabetes Insipidus of Childhood Effect of Vasopressin and Chlorpropamide (1974)

Excretion of urinary cyclic AMP (cAMP) was determined in 7 children suffering from central diabetes insipidus (CDI), 3 children suffering from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), and 5 normal children. Excretion of cAMP was found to be depressed in both types of DI. Administration of long-acting vasopressin in physiologically effective dosage (ADH, 5.1 U per 1.7 m2) decreased the absolute rate of cAMP excretion slightly in reference and CDI children, but had no effect on NDI children. Infusion of large doses of ADH (600 mU per 1.7 m2 per h) into CDI children also reduced cAMP excretion slightly, but in relation to creatinine excretion, an increase of about 30 per cent was found. This increase of the cAMP/creatinine ratio was due to a greater decrease in creatinine than in cAMP excretion. Chlorpropamide had no effect on cAMP excretion in CDI patients.
Three-dimensional polarization ray tracing and diattenuation calculation (2010)

A three-by-three polarization ray tracing matrix method for polarization ray tracing in optical systems is presented for calculating the polarization transformations associated with ray paths through optical systems. The method is a three dimensional generalization of a Jones matrix. Diattenuation of the optical system is calculated via singular value decomposition.
Optimization of L-(+)-Lactic Acid Production Using Pelletized Filamentous Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 395 (2007)

Lactic acid is used as a food additive for flavor and preservation and a precursor in the development of poly-lactic acid, a product used to make biodegradable plastics and textiles. Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 395 is known to be a strain that produces optically pure L-(+)-lactic acid. The morphology of Rhizopus cultures is complex, forming filamentous, clumps, and pellet mycelia. Different morphology growth has significant effects on lactic acid production. In bioreactors, the filamentous or clump mycelia increase the viscosity of the medium, wrap around impellers, and block the nutrient transportation, leading to a decrease in production efficiency and bioreactor performance. Growing fungi in pellet form can significantly improve these problems. In this study, factors that affect lactic acid production in pelletized flask cultures using R. oryzae NRRL 395 were investigated in detail. Completely randomized designs were used to determine the influence of culture temperature, time, concentration of glucose, and inoculum size. Lactic acid fermentation using clump and pellet morphologies were performed in a 5 L fermentor at the optimal values obtained from flask culture. Finally, fed-batch culture was used to enhance the lactate concentration in broth. The final lactate concentration of fed-batch culture reached 92 g/L. The data presented in the article can provide useful information on optimizing lactic acid production using alternative source materials.
Terahertz Wireless Communications: Co-Sharing for Terrestrial and Satellite Systems Above 100 GHz (2021)

This letter demonstrates how spectrum up to 1 THz will support mobile communications beyond 5G in the coming decades. Results of rooftop surrogate satellite/tower base station measurements at 140 GHz show the natural isolation between terrestrial networks and surrogate satellite systems, as well as between terrestrial mobile users and co-channel fixed backhaul links. These first-of-their-kind measurements and accompanying analysis show that by keeping the energy radiated by terrestrial emitters on the horizon (e.g., elevation angles ≤ 15°), there will not likely be interference in the same or adjacent bands between passive satellite sensors and terrestrial terminals, or between mobile links and terrestrial backhaul links at frequencies above 100 GHz.
Effects of Heterogeneous Mobility on D2D- and Drone-Assisted Mission-Critical MTC in 5G (2017)

mcMTC is starting to play a central role in the industrial Internet of Things ecosystem and have the potential to create high-revenue businesses, including intelligent transportation systems, energy/ smart grid control, public safety services, and high-end wearable applications. Consequently, in the 5G of wireless networks, mcMTC have imposed a wide range of requirements on the enabling technology, such as low power, high reliability, and low latency connectivity. Recognizing these challenges, the recent and ongoing releases of LTE systems incorporate support for low-cost and enhanced coverage, reduced latency, and high reliability for devices at varying levels of mobility. In this article, we examine the effects of heterogeneous user and device mobility - produced by a mixture of various mobility patterns - on the performance of mcMTC across three representative scenarios within a multi-connectivity 5G network. We establish that the availability of alternative connectivity options, such as D2D links and drone-assisted access, helps meet the requirements of mcMTC applications in a wide range of scenarios, including industrial automation, vehicular connectivity, and urban communications. In particular, we confirm improvements of up to 40 percent in link availability and reliability with the use of proximate connections on top of the cellular-only baseline.