gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of All Modulation and Code Combinations in ATSC 3.0 Physical Layer Protocol (2018)

This paper presents the advanced television systems committee (ATSC) 3.0 physical layer system performances with different modulation and channel coding combinations. Numerous computer simulations, laboratory tests, and field trials are conducted under additive white Gaussian noise, RC20, and RL20 channels. Analysis of the results shows that the measured values in laboratory and field are less than 1 dB away from computer simulation results. This confirms that the ATSC 3.0 physical layer is capable of providing services ranging from ultra-robust reception (negative SNR operation with QPSK and 2/15 low density parity check (LDPC) code) to very high-throughput (over 50 Mb/s with 4096-non-uniform constellation and 13/15 LDPC code) in real field environments.
Pentafluorophenyl (3R,4R,5S)-5-{[(3R,4R,5S)-5-azidomethyl-3,4-dimethoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxamido]methyl}-3,4-dimethoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (2010)

The title compound, C(22)H(25)F(5)N(4)O(9), is a stable penta-fluoro-phenyl ester inter-mediate in the synthesis of novel homo-oligomeric structures containing branched carbon chains. The structure is epimeric to the previously characterized dimeric penta-fluoro-phenyl ester with stereochemistry (3R,4R,5R), which was synthesized using d-ribose as starting material. The crystal structure of the title mol-ecule removes any ambiguities arising from the relative stereochemistries of the six chiral centres. Two hydrogen bonds, bifurcating from the NH group, stabilize the crystal: one intra-molecular and one inter-molecular, both involving O atoms of the meth-oxy groups. The asymmetric unit contains two independent mol-ecules not related by any pseudo-symmetry operators. The major conformational differences are localized, leading to one mol-ecule being extended compared to the other. The collected crystal was twinned (twin ratio is 0.939:0.061), and the azide group is positionally disordered over two positions in one mol-ecule [occupancy ratio 0.511 (18):0.489 (18)].
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of ACRL Toxin IIIb (XI): A Protocol for Parlaying Aldols into Synthons Containing Three Stereocenters Having an (n, n + 1, n + 4) Relationship. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Picosecond Streak Camera Measurements Of Short X-Ray Pulses (1990)

A commercial x-ray streak camera was modified to obtain an impulse response of 2.5 psec. It was used to measure the x-ray emission from a plasma produced by a sub-picosecond laser. An upper limit of 1.5 psec was obtained for the x-ray pulse duration over the 50 eV to the 1 keV region of the spectrum.
The Role of Innovative Manufacturing in High-Tech Product Development: Evidence from China’s Renewable Energy Sector (2014)

Abstract This chapter draws on more than one-hundred interviews with renewable energy firms across China to explain China’s centrality in new energy production. The authors argue that this dominance has come about thanks to tight linkages between upstream innovation and downstream manufacturing. However, unlike other chapters in the volume, the authors argue that co-location is not necessary to create mutual gains to the innovator and the producer. Upstream innovation may remain in Western countries, but renewable energy manufacturing takes place in China because those firms excel in innovative manufacturing – in particular, managing the tempo, scale, and cost of production.
Combining powers of linkage and association mapping for precise dissection of QTL controlling resistance to gray leaf spot disease in maize (Zea mays L.) (2015)

The application of a genetic linkage - GWAS hybrid mapping system enabled us to dramatically increase the resolution within the confidence interval of GLS resistance QTL by-passing labor- and time-intensive fine mapping. This method appears to have a great potential to accelerate the pace of QTL mapping projects. It is universal and can be used in the QTL mapping projects in any crops.
Randomized Rounding: A Technique for Provably Good Algorithms and (1985)

We study the relation between a class of 0-1 integer linear programs and their rational relaxations. We show that the rational optimum to a problem instance can be used to construct a provably good 0-1 solution by means of a randomized algorithm. Our technique can be extended to provide bounds on the disparity between the rational and 0-1 optima for a given problem instance.
Vacuum ultraviolet reflectivity measurements of thin-film electroluminescent phosphors (1996)

Vacuum ultraviolet reflectivity measurements of three thin-film electroluminescent phosphors, zinc sulfide (ZnS), strontium sulfide (SrS), and strontium-calcium thiogallate (Sr0.45Ca0.55Ga2S4), are reported using thin-film samples. Measured ZnS reflectivity peak positions are in agreement with values previously reported in the literature. SrS room temperature reflectivity measurements are found to be consistent with previously reported low temperature measurements. Reflectivity measurements of Sr0.45Ca0.55Ga2S4 are reported for the first time; the reflectivity spectrum is found to rise monotonically above the band gap and to exhibit almost no structure, except for a small shoulder at ∼6.8 eV and a single, broad peak at ∼8.5 eV. The unusual nature of the Sr0.45Ca0.55Ga2S4 reflectivity spectrum is attributed to positional disorder in the stoichiometric thiogallate film.
Clinical Research at a Crossroads: The NIH Roadmap (2006)

As a result of the NIH investment in biomedical research, over the past 30 years we have seen many great advances impacting the health of our nation which have been fostered by the effective translation of scientific advances. However, rising costs for both research and health care mean that the NIH must make strategic decisions that maximize the return on its investment. Because treating end-stage disease is so costly, both personally and financially, learning how to pre-empt illness through molecular knowledge and behavioral interventions is the only viable strategy for maintaining the nation's health in the coming years. In order to speed scientific discovery and its efficient translation to patient care, the NIH developed the Roadmap for Biomedical Research. The Roadmap provides an incubator space for funding innovative programs to address a panoply of scientific challenges and has engendered a new culture of cooperation among researchers seeking new avenues for collaboration. An important feature of the Roadmap is the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA). The program's goals are to eliminate growing barriers between clinical and basic research, to address the increasing complexities involved in conducting clinical research, and to help institutions nationwide create an academic home for clinical and translational science. By adopting a strong strategic vision now, the NIH will be able to stand at the ready as future challenges and opportunities emerge. In keeping with our mission, the NIH's current and future actions will be defined by the requirements of the scientific community and the public health needs of the nation.
Electrochromic switching with nanocrystalline TiO2 semiconductor films modified with surface attached viologens (1995)

Viologens adsorbed on TiO2 surfaces in nanocryst.-nanoporous electrodes were studied with regards to the electrochromic effect. The transparent nature and the high internal surface area of these electrodes are very beneficial in this regard. Absorbance up to 1 and coloration efficiencies &gt;100 cm2C-1 were obtained. The switching times for these electrodes for both coloration and bleaching were faster than 1s, using 0.5M LiClO4 in MeCN as electrolyte. Preliminary stability tests were performed. For one of these electrodes the authors went through 654 cycles of coloration and bleaching without a decline in the coloration efficiency.
Observation of 2D Cherenkov radiation and its Quantized Photonic Nature Using Free-Electrons (2021)

Using a dispersion-engineered structure supporting hybrid photonic-plasmonic surface polaritons, we present the first observation of 2D Cherenkov radiation from free electrons, with record-strong electron–polariton quantum coupling that reaches the single-electron-single-photon interaction regime.
Observation of the Z→ψℓ+ℓ− Decay in pp Collisions at s=13  TeV (2018)

This Letter presents the observation of the rare Z boson decay Z→ψℓ^{+}ℓ^{-}. Here, ψ represents contributions from direct J/ψ and ψ(2S)→J/ψX, ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} is a pair of electrons or muons, and the J/ψ meson is detected via its decay to μ^{+}μ^{-}. The sample of proton-proton collision data, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb^{-1}. The signal is observed with a significance in excess of 5 standard deviations. After subtraction of the ψ(2S)→J/ψX contribution, the ratio of the branching fraction of the exclusive decay Z→J/ψℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} to the decay Z→μ^{+}μ^{-}μ^{+}μ^{-} within a fiducial phase space is measured to be B(Z→J/ψℓ^{+}ℓ^{-})/B(Z→μ^{+}μ^{-}μ^{+}μ^{-})=0.67±0.18(stat)±0.05(syst).
A year of terror and a century of reflection: perspectives on the great influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 (2019)

Here, we reflect on the 1918 influenza pandemic, including its emergence and subsequent rapid global spread. In addition, we discuss the pathophysiology associated with the 1918 virus and its predilection for the young and healthy, the rise of influenza therapeutic research following the pandemic, and, finally, our level of preparedness for future pandemics.
Stereoselective conversion of 2′,3′-dideoxydidehydro carbocyclic nucleosides into 2′-deoxy carbocyclic nucleosides (1998)

Treatment of 2′,3′-dideoxydidehydro carbocyclic nucleosides 5–9 with N-bromoacetamide in AcOH gives bromoesters 10–14 with good stereocontrol: debromination and hydrolysis furnishes 2′-deoxy carbocyclic nucleosides, e.g. 22.
ChemInform Abstract: Structurally Simplified Squalestatins: A Convenient Route to a 6,7‐ Unsubstituted Derivative. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Generative Policy Model for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (2019)

Artificial Intelligence is rapidly enhancing human capability by providing support and guidance on a wide variety of tasks. However, one of the main challenges for autonomous systems is effectively managing the decisions and interactions between multiple entities in a dynamic environment. Policies are frequently used in cyber-physical systems to define target goals and constraints, such as maximising security whilst preventing communication to unauthorised systems. In this paper we introduce an approach for learning high-level policy models for future Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs). Since CAVs are required to operate in complex, safety-critical environments with a wide range of varying contextual conditions, high-level policies can help systems achieve their goals whilst adhering to varying environmental constraints. We present a Generative Policy Model (GPM) that enables a CAV to observe, learn, and adapt high-level policy models using local knowledge shared by related entities in the environment such as other CAVs, when reliable communication to traditional policy management systems may not be available. Within the proposed CAV GPM architecture, we utilise a novel context-free grammar bounded by a set of context-sensitive annotations called Answer Set Grammars (ASGs) and perform an evaluation of CAV policy generation in varying contexts. We also release the CAVPolicy dataset of annotated policies to enable future research in this area.
Learning Attribute-driven Disentangled Representations for Interactive Fashion Retrieval (2021)

Interactive retrieval for online fashion shopping provides the ability to change image retrieval results according to the user feedback. One common problem in interactive retrieval is that a specific user interaction (e.g., changing the color of a T-shirt) causes other aspects to change inadvertently (e.g., the retrieved item has a sleeve type different than the query). This is a consequence of existing methods learning visual representations that are semantically entangled in the embedding space, which limits the controllability of the retrieved results. We propose to leverage on the semantics of visual attributes to train convolutional networks that learn attribute-specific subspaces for each attribute to obtain disentangled representations. Thus operations, such as swapping out a particular attribute value for another, impact the attribute at hand and leave others untouched. We show that our model can be tailored to deal with different retrieval tasks while maintaining its disentanglement property. We obtain state-of-the-art performance on three interactive fashion retrieval tasks: attribute manipulation retrieval, conditional similarity retrieval, and outfit complementary item retrieval. Code and models are publicly available <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus RnpA-Mediated RNA Turnover and tRNA Processing (2015)

New agents are urgently needed for the therapeutic treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. In that regard, S. aureus RNase RnpA may represent a promising novel dual-function antimicrobial target that participates in two essential cellular processes, RNA degradation and tRNA maturation. Accordingly, we previously used a high-throughput screen to identify small-molecule inhibitors of the RNA-degrading activity of the enzyme and showed that the RnpA inhibitor RNPA1000 is an attractive antimicrobial development candidate. In this study, we used a series of in vitro and cellular assays to characterize a second RnpA inhibitor, RNPA2000, which was identified in our initial screening campaign and is structurally distinct from RNPA1000. In doing so, it was found that S. aureus RnpA does indeed participate in 5'-precursor tRNA processing, as was previously hypothesized. Further, we show that RNPA2000 is a bactericidal agent that inhibits both RnpA-associated RNA degradation and tRNA maturation activities both in vitro and within S. aureus. The compound appears to display specificity for RnpA, as it did not significantly affect the in vitro activities of unrelated bacterial or eukaryotic ribonucleases and did not display measurable human cytotoxicity. Finally, we show that RNPA2000 exhibits antimicrobial activity and inhibits tRNA processing in efflux-deficient Gram-negative pathogens. Taken together, these data support the targeting of RnpA for antimicrobial development purposes, establish that small-molecule inhibitors of both of the functions of the enzyme can be identified, and lend evidence that RnpA inhibitors may have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities.
Residual Neural Networks for Digital Predistortion (2020)

Tracking the nonlinear behavior of an RF power amplifier (PA) is challenging. To tackle this problem, we build a connection between residual learning and the PA nonlinearity, and propose a novel residual neural network structure, referred to as the residual real-valued time-delay neural network (R2TDNN). Instead of learning the whole behavior of the PA, the R2TDNN focuses on learning its nonlinear behavior by adding identity shortcut connections between the input and output layer. In particular, we apply the R2TDNN to digital predistortion and measure experimental results on a real PA. Compared with neural networks recently proposed by Liu et al. and Wang et al., the R2TDNN achieves the best linearization performance in terms of normalized mean square error and adjacent channel power ratio with less or similar computational complexity. Furthermore, the R2TDNN exhibits significantly faster training speed and lower training error.
Single particle adhesion variability in additive manufacturing powders (2019)

The adhesion properties of powder particles could profoundly influence the quality of parts made by Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes. Accurate experimental characterization of adhesion and the spatial surface adhesion distribution of a single microparticle has been a significant challenge, due mainly to difficulties associated with the micro-scale handling/manipulation in a controllable manner and uncertainty in the nature of micro/nano-scale contacts. In current work, an approach for determining the spatial energy/adhesion distribution on the surfaces of single microparticles used in AM is introduced and demonstrated using Molybdenum (Mo) metal particles as model particles. Both ultrasonic base and Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW)-based excitation techniques coupled with laser Doppler vibrometry are utilized to excite and acquire the vibrational rocking motion and to drive the rolling motion of single Mo particles on a Silicon (Si) substrate in a controllable manner and, thereby determining the spatial adhesion distribution on the particle surfaces. Spatial surface energy distribution data of microparticles could be utilized in Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations as a statistical input for simulating local powder bed dynamics with increased accuracy, which would potentially lead to more predictable AM processes.
Combinatorial surfaces mimicking heparan sulfate biological activities: unexpected application to new electronic tongue devices (2013)

International audience
Stability of glucose oxidase and catalase adsorbed on variously activated 13X zeolite (1982)

The use of 13X zeolite (0.1-0.4-mm granules), treated with 2N and 0.01N HCI, 0.01M citric acid, 0.1M citric-phosphate buffer (pH 3.6), and in untreated form to adsorb glucose oxidase of fungal origin and microbial catalase was examined. Physicochemical analysis of the support demonstrated that its crystalline structure, greatly altered by the HCl and buffer, could be partially maintained with citric acid. The specific adsorption of the enzymes increased with decreasing pH and proved to be considerable for all the supports. The stability with storage at 25 degrees C is strictly correlated with the titrable acidity of the activated zeolite expressed as meq NaOH/g and with pH value of the activation solution. It proved to be lower than 55 h for both enzymes if adsorbed on zeolite treated with 2N HCl, and 15-fold and 30-fold higher for glucose oxidase and catalase adsorbed, respectively, on zeolite treated with the 0.1M citric-phosphate buffer and 0.01M citric acid. The specific adsorption of glucose oxidase and catalase was, respectively, 1840 U/g at pH 3.0 and 6910 U/g at pH 5.0. Their half-life at 25 degrees C with storage at pH 3.5 for the former and at pH 5.0 for the latter was 800 and 1560 h vs. 40 and 110 h for the corresponding free enzymes.
Chemotherapy of African Trypanosomiasis (2005)

There is a critical need for new effective chemotherapeutic agents against the African Trypanosomes. At the present time, drug research is primarily focused on the molecular target approach, however, it is suggested that a more balanced approach involving screening against the whole organism be given greater emphasis. To illustrate this point, recent research involving the screening of new compounds derived from pentamidine is discussed. Analogues with improved chemotherapeutic potential have been obtained. Based upon the chemical structures of these lead compounds and a mode of action hypothesis the synthesis of novel trypanocidal drugs are in progress. Current data suggests that pentamidine analogues with oral bioavailability, as well as better blood-brain barrier transport have been developed. It is suggested that enlightened whole organism screening of analogues of the currently used chemotherapeutic agents will lead to the more rapid development of new trypanocidal drugs.
Low overhead effective CSI signaling for beam coordination in TDD multi-cell MIMO systems (2012)

We propose a decentralized algorithm and corresponding low overhead signaling concepts of effective channel state information (CSI) for weighted sum rate (WSR) maximization via linear downlink transmit-receive beamforming in multi-cell multi-user MIMO systems operating in the time division duplex (TDD) mode. The proposed iterative processing consists of optimization steps that are run locally by base stations (BS), and facilitated by a combination of over-the-air uplink pilot signaling and scalar backhaul information exchange. In the uplink pilot signaling phase, each multi-antenna user terminal (UT) transmits a single precoded pilot beam. In case the UT was actively receiving, the uplink beam reveals its effective channel to all the coordinating BSs. On the other hand, if the UT was not receiving, the beam indicates its strongest effective vector channel to the serving BS. The processing strategy follows the changes of the time-varying channel and performs spatial user scheduling dynamically. According to the results, the strategy converges on the average in static channels, and in time-varying channels it effectively tracks the changes.
Clustered component analysis for FMRI signal estimation and classification (2002)

In this paper, we introduce a method for estimating the statistically distinct neural responses in an sequence of functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI). The crux of our method is a technique which we call clustered component analysis (CCA). Clustered component analysis is a method for identifying the distinct component vectors in a multivariate data set. CCA is distinct from principal components analysis (PCA), and independent components analysis (ICA), because it is not constrained to produce orthogonal component vectors and it does not assume that components are independent. CCA employs Bayesian estimation methods such as expectation-maximization (EM) and Rissanen order identification to determine the best set of component vectors.
Mechanical Peeling of Free‐Standing Single‐Walled Carbon‐Nanotube Bundles (2009)

An in situ electron microscopy study is presented of adhesion interactions between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by mechanically peeling thin free-standing SWNT bundles using in situ nanomanipulation techniques inside a high-resolution scanning electron microscope. The in situ measurements clearly reveal the process of delaminating one SWNT bundle from its originally bound SWNT bundle in a controlled-displacement manner and capture the deformation curvature of the delaminated SWNT bundle during the peeling process. A theoretical model based on nonlinear elastica theory is employed to interpret the measured deformation curvatures of the SWNTs and to quantitatively evaluate the peeling force and the adhesion strength between bundled SWNTs. The estimated adhesion energy per unit length for each pair of neighboring tubes in the peeling interface based on our peeling experiments agrees reasonably well with the theoretical value. This in situ peeling technique provides a potential new method for separating bundled SWNTs without compromising their material properties. The combined peeling experiments and modeling presented in this paper will be very useful to the study of the adhesion interactions between SWNTs and their nonlinear mechanical behaviors in the large-displacement regime.