gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow in a Simulated Turbine Blade Cooling Channel With Spatially Varying Roughness Caused by Additive Manufacturing Orientation (2020)

Abstract Because of the effects of gravity acting on the melt region created during the laser sintering process, additively manufactured surfaces that are pointed upward have been shown to exhibit roughness characteristics different from those seen on surfaces that point downward. For this investigation, the Roughness Internal Flow Tunnel (RIFT) and computational fluid dynamics models were used to investigate flow in channels with different roughness on opposing walls of the channel. Three rough surfaces were employed for the investigation. Two of the surfaces were created using scaled, structured-light scans of the upskin and downskin surfaces of an Inconel 718 component which was created at a 45° angle to the printing surface and documented by Snyder et al. [1]. A third rough surface was created for the RIFT investigation using a structured-light scan of a surface similar to the Inconel 718 downskin surface, but a different scaling was used to provide larger roughness elements in the RIFT. The resulting roughness dimensions (Rq/Dh) of the three surfaces used were 0.0064, 0.0156, and 0.0405. The friction coefficients were measured over the range of 10,000 &amp;lt; ReDh &amp;lt; 70,000 for each surface opposed by a smooth wall and opposed by each of the other rough walls. At multiple ReDh values, x-array hot film anemometry was used to characterize the velocity and turbulence profiles for each roughness combination. The friction factor variations for each rough wall opposed by a smooth wall approached complete turbulence. However, when rough surfaces were opposed, the surfaces did not reach complete turbulence over the Reynolds number range investigated. The results of inner variable analysis demonstrate that the roughness function (ΔU+) becomes independent of the roughness condition of the opposing wall providing evidence that Townsend’s Hypothesis holds for the relative roughness values expected for additively manufactured turbine-blade cooling passages.
Organic optoelectronics with electrode buffer layers (2023)

There is disclosed an organic optoelectronic device comprising two electrodes in superposed relation comprising an anode and a cathode, at least one donor material and at least one acceptor material located between the two electrodes forming a donor-acceptor heterojunction, an anode buffer layer adjacent to the anode and a cathode buffer layer adjacent to the cathode, and an intermediate layer adjacent to at least one of the anode and cathode buffer layers, wherein when the intermediate layer is adjacent to the anode buffer layer, the intermediate layer is chosen to facilitate the transport of holes to the anode buffer layer, and when the intermediate layer is adjacent to the cathode buffer layer, the intermediate layer is chosen to facilitate the transport of electrons to the cathode buffer layer. Also disclosed are methods of making the same.
CNS expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐4 attenuates Alzheimer's disease‐like pathogenesis in APP+PS1 bigenic mice (2010)

Cytokines play an emerging role as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neurohormones in the brain. This paradigm shift in cytokine function offers a new framework to understand their roles in ameliorating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Molecular adjuvant therapy of AD animal models with glatiramer acetate induces anti-inflammatory responses and therapeutic effects. Although these effects are potentially mediated through anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling, the exact molecular identities and pathways are poorly understood. Here, we show that virus-mediated expression of the mouse interleukin (IL)-4 gene in beta-amyloid precursor protein + presenilin-1 (APP+PS1) bigenic mice attenuates AD pathogenesis. Introduction of an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector encoding IL-4 into the hippocampus resulted in sustained expression of IL-4, reduced astro/microgliosis, amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) oligomerization and deposition, and enhanced neurogenesis. Moreover, increased levels of IL-4 improved spatial learning, promoted phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B at Tyr 1472, and enhanced its cell surface retention both in vivo and in vitro. Our data suggest that neuronal anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling may be a potential alternative target for non-Abeta-mediated treatment of AD.
Conception d'un mÉlangeur a fet utilisant une configuration simple et balancÉe (1996)

Resume On propose dans cet article la conception de melangeurs a grille utilisant une configuration simple et balance. La configuration balance proposee utilise un hybride en anneau dont la largeur de bande a ete amelioree. La simulation des deux melangeurs a donne un bon fonctionnement pour un signal RF et LO respectivement de 15 GHz et 13.3 GHz. Un gain de conversion allant jusqu'a 4 dB a ete obtenu ainsi que des isolation IF/RF et IF/LO atteignant respectivement −56 dB et −58 dB.
Effect of storage temperature on chilling injury and activity of antioxidant enzymes in carambola “Arkin” fruit (2020)

Carambola fruit at yellow–green stage were stored at 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20°C for 21 days then transferred to 20°C for 7 days. Fruit at 20°C reached the overripe associated with soft flesh and surface blemishes. Fruit at 15°C ripened due to slight differences in maturity. Fruit at 2 or 10°C ripened slowly, however, speed up once transferred to 20°C along with chilling injury and lost shelf life. Fruit at 5°C ripened slowly even after transfer to 20°C, and maintained the color and firm texture. Activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase increased during storage at 20°C, but had lowest values at 5°C. Activities of ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase increased in fruit at 5°C. The results implied 5°C storage extended shelf life and enhanced ascorbate–glutathione cycle which protected fruit from damage. Practical applications Carambolas stored at 5°C did not ripen and their quality was kept after transfer to 20°C. Carambolas stored at 2°C then to 20°C ripened but showed physiological disorder. Chilling storage specially at 5°C enhanced the ascorbate–glutathione cycle. At suitable ripening condition, scavenge of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in carambola fruit was more effective. As a result, these fruit had a high scavenging capacity for ROS, which causes chilling damage to the fruit and affects the process of fruit ripening. Therefore, we suggest that storing the carambola at 5°C results in prolonged shelf life and improved visual quality and appearance, and therefore, greater commercial acceptability.
Disparity Preferences in V1 Reflect the Statistics of Disparity in Natural Viewing (2014)

The efficient coding hypothesis predicts that disparity preferences in binocular V1 neurons should reflect the distribution of disparities observed during natural viewing. Several investigators have reported that the majority of disparity-selective V1 neurons prefer crossed (or near) disparity and argued that this bias reflects the natural distribution of disparities. To address these issues, we compared empirical measurements of disparity statistics (Cooper et al., 2013) with the preferred disparity of 620 V1 neurons measured in four well-known neurophysiological studies (Cumming, 2002; Durand et al., 2007; Gonzalez et al., 2010; Samonds et al., 2012). We unified the data by projecting into a common coordinate system (Helmholtz coordinates) and examined how horizontal- and vertical-disparity preferences vary with visual-field position. The empirical disparity statistics predicted that neurons in the lower visual field should be more likely to prefer crossed horizontal disparities, while those in the upper field should prefer uncrossed disparities. The distribution of preferences for neurons in the lower field is indeed shifted toward crossed disparities relative to neurons in the upper field. The crossed disparity bias of lower-field neurons may have previously been mistakenly generalized to the whole visual field due to over-sampling of the lower visual field (77% of neurons across these studies). We also predicted that neurons in the upper left or lower right field quadrants are more likely to prefer positive vertical disparities, while neurons in the other quadrants should prefer negative vertical disparities. We observed a small shift towards positive vertical disparities for neurons in the upper left and lower right. Unfortunately, there are not enough neurons in the other quadrants to determine if they have a negative disparity preference. Our analysis of V1 neurons is consistent with the hypothesis that the distribution of preferred disparities reflects the statistics of disparity across the visual field. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2014
The Roles of Threading Dislocations on Electrical Properties of AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure Grown by MBE (2010)

The role played by different types of threading dislocations (TDs) on the electrical properties of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was investigated. Samples with different defect structures and densities were prepared and measurements were taken from the same sample to study the correlative behavior of various TDs. From the Hall measurement, the electron mobility in two-dimensional electron gas channel was mainly controlled by the edge dislocation, which has a dominant amount in the material. The edge TDs acted as Coulomb scattering centers inside the channel and reduces the carrier mobility and increased its resistance. Screw TDs played a much significant role than edge TDs in determining the reverse-bias leakage current of Schottky barrier diodes. Leakage current is affected slightly by the reduction of free carrier density in the channel for samples with a higher edge TD density, but screw TD, which acted as the current leakage path, was more deleterious to the reverse-bias leakage current of AlGaN/GaN structure.
Porphyrin‐based bridged silsesquioxane nanoparticles for targeted two‐photon photodynamic therapy of zebrafish xenografted with human tumor (2019)

We demonstrated the high targeting, imaging, and therapeutic potential of PORBSNs-mannose injected in the blood stream of zebrafish xenografted with human tumors.
Relational Forward Models for Multi-Agent Learning (2018)

The behavioral dynamics of multi-agent systems have a rich and orderly structure, which can be leveraged to understand these systems, and to improve how artificial agents learn to operate in them. Here we introduce Relational Forward Models (RFM) for multi-agent learning, networks that can learn to make accurate predictions of agents' future behavior in multi-agent environments. Because these models operate on the discrete entities and relations present in the environment, they produce interpretable intermediate representations which offer insights into what drives agents' behavior, and what events mediate the intensity and valence of social interactions. Furthermore, we show that embedding RFM modules inside agents results in faster learning systems compared to non-augmented baselines. As more and more of the autonomous systems we develop and interact with become multi-agent in nature, developing richer analysis tools for characterizing how and why agents make decisions is increasingly necessary. Moreover, developing artificial agents that quickly and safely learn to coordinate with one another, and with humans in shared environments, is crucial.
Pro-active multi-agent recommender system for travelers (2011)

This paper presents a multi-agent recommender system in which agents collaborate with each other to facilitate in providing travel recommendations. A set of rules are organized to be used as knowledge-base that enables travel agents to act in an intelligent and pro-active way. The agents are also in charge of building and updating profiles of travelers. History of the travelers' selections is kept using a multidimensional rating approach. Maximum-likelihood probability and multi-attribute theory are used to get the recommendation ratings and store them for future recommendations. The effectiveness of the system was evaluated by a diverse set of users with a variety of scenarios. The overall results indicate that the system is capable of pro-actively providing the required types of services with a good degree of accuracy.
Fabrication Tolerant Compact Tunable Silicon Nitride Comb Filters (2020)

We propose fabrication tolerant silicon nitride Fabry-Perot optical integrated filters that offer sharp responses with a relatively small footprint. Moreover, micro-heaters implemented on the waveguides can provide tuneability of both the central wavelength and bandwidth.
Noise coupling between TSVs and active devices: Planar nMOSFETs vs. nFinFETs (2015)

Through Silicon vias (TSVs) are a key breakthrough in 3D technology to shorten global interconnects and enable the heterogeneous integration. However, TSVs also introduce an important source of noise coupling arising from electrical coupling between TSVs and the active devices. This paper investigates the TSV noise coupling to active devices including both FinFETs and planar transistors based on two-port S-parameter measurements up to 40 GHz. The measurements clearly show that nFinFETs have better noise coupling immunity than planar nNMOSFETs. The dominant coupling mechanisms were also identified for both types of active devices. Moreover, calibrated TCAD models were developed. We show that via-last TSV architectures with thick liners (“donut TSVs”) and scaled TSV diameters reduce the noise coupling to active devices. Finally, both coupling and stress induced saturation current variations as a function of TSV to active devices distance were investigated. This allows us to propose a novel model for the TSV Keep Out Zone (KOZ) including electromagnetic coupling effects.
Hesperidin and naringin, two main flavonoids of citrus fruit, modulate bone metabolism in gonad-intact senescent male rats (2008)

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First Observation of an Attractive Interaction between a Proton and a Cascade Baryon (2019)

This Letter presents the first experimental observation of the attractive strong interaction between a proton and a multistrange baryon (hyperon) Ξ^{-}. The result is extracted from two-particle correlations of combined p-Ξ^{-}⊕p[over ¯]-Ξ[over ¯]^{+} pairs measured in p-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV at the LHC with ALICE. The measured correlation function is compared with the prediction obtained assuming only an attractive Coulomb interaction and a standard deviation in the range [3.6, 5.3] is found. Since the measured p-Ξ^{-}⊕p[over ¯]-Ξ[over ¯]^{+} correlation is significantly enhanced with respect to the Coulomb prediction, the presence of an additional, strong, attractive interaction is evident. The data are compatible with recent lattice calculations by the HAL-QCD Collaboration, with a standard deviation in the range [1.8, 3.7]. The lattice potential predicts a shallow repulsive Ξ^{-} interaction within pure neutron matter and this implies stiffer equations of state for neutron-rich matter including hyperons. Implications of the strong interaction for the modeling of neutron stars are discussed.
Reactive power compensation capabilities as a function of parasitic components in three-phase AC/DC voltage and current source rectifiers (2002)

AC/DC PWM converters are capable of either supplying or absorbing reactive power while supplying real power to a given load. The operating region is a graphical representation of the range of reactive and active power that these topologies can handle. This paper shows the dependence of the operating region as a function of the parasitic components of the system. Particularly, the dependence upon parasitic resistances of the input filter, which are present in the inductors and capacitors. It is found that the presence of such parasitic components reduces the operating region in voltage source rectifiers, thus, a reduced reactive power compensation range is achieved in practice. The paper shows a systematic mathematical approach to determine how the operating region is modified as a function of such components. Preliminary results show that up to a 20% of the amount of reactive power compensation is lost. Simulated and experimental results confirm the theoretical considerations.
Stretchable Polymeric Multielectrode Array for Conformal Neural Interfacing (2013)

A highly stretchable neural interface of concurrent robust electrical and mechanical properties is developed with a conducting polymer film as the sole conductor for both the electrodes and the leads. This neural interface offers the benefits of conducting polymer electrodes in a demanding stretchable format, including low electrode impedance and high chargeinjection capacity, due to the large electroactive surface area of the electrode.
In Vitro Structure−Activity Relationship and In Vivo Characterization of 1-(Aryl)-3-(4-(amino)benzyl)urea Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Antagonists (2007)

The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of 1-(aryl)-3-(4-(amino)benzyl)urea transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonists are described. A variety of cyclic amine substituents are well tolerated at the 4-position of the benzyl group on compounds containing either an isoquinoline or indazole heterocyclic core. These compounds are potent antagonists of capsaicin activation of the TRPV1 receptor in vitro. Analogues, such as compound 45, have been identified that have good in vivo activity in animal models of pain. Further optimization of 45 resulted in compound 58 with substantially improved microsome stability and oral bioavailability, as well as in vivo activity.
Design considerations for concentrating solar power tower systems employing molten salt. (2010)

The Solar Two Project was a United States Department of Energy sponsored project operated from 1996 to 1999 to demonstrate the coupling of a solar power tower with a molten nitrate salt as a heat transfer media and for thermal storage. Over all, the Solar Two Project was very successful; however many operational challenges were encountered. In this work, the major problems encountered in operation of the Solar Two facility were evaluated and alternative technologies identified for use in a future solar power tower operating with a steam Rankine power cycle. Many of the major problems encountered can be addressed with new technologies that were not available a decade ago. These new technologies include better thermal insulation, analytical equipment, pumps and values specifically designed for molten nitrate salts, and gaskets resistant to thermal cycling and advanced equipment designs.
Studies on photosensitive azido polymer. V. Synthesis of novel azido polymers for alkaline developable negative photoresist. (1988)

膨潤による解像力低下の少ない有機アルカリ水溶液による現像処理ができ, サブミクロンオーダーの微細パターンの形成が可能な, 耐ドライエッチンダ特性の優れたネガ型フォトレジスト材料を合成することを目的とし, 機能分離型構造の共重合体を合成した. アルカリ水溶液による現像処理が可能で耐ドライエッチング性を有する官能性モノマーとしてp-ヒドロキシスチレンを, 感光性モノマーとして2- (p-アジドベンゾイルオキシ) エチルメタクリラートを選び種々の比率の共重合体を合成し, ポリマーの現像特性及び画像特性について検討した結果, この共重合体は, ディープUV領域から紫外域にわたって高い感光性を示すとともに, CF4ガスによるドライエッチングに対して高い耐性を示した. 共重合体中のp-ヒドロキシスチレン含量が60mol%以上のポリマーはアルカリ水溶液に可溶で, 現像時に膨潤が少なく0.5μmラインパターンの転写が可能であった.
All-Reflective Freeform Viewfinder (2019)

An all-reflective electronic viewfinder was designed using tilted freeform surfaces in a fully unobscured package. Tight distortion and telecentricity requirements moved the design from a two-mirror solution to a five-mirror solution.
Metal oxide nanoparticle filled polymers (2023)

The present invention includes a method, composition and apparatus for forming a nanoparticle filled polymer having similar gas selectivity and greater gas permeability than the native polymer. The nanoparticle filled polymer includes one or more polymeric materials and one or more nanoparticles dispersed within the one or more polymeric materials that increasing the permeability of the nanoparticle filled polymers relative to the permeability of the native polymer membrane.
DETERMINING THE EXTRACTABLE WATER LIMIT FOR WHEAT IN A SUBSTRATEâBASED MEDIA DESIGNED FOR SPACE FLIGHT APPLICATIONS (2003)

The objectives of this research were to determine the limit of extractable water for wheat grown in asubstratebased nutrient delivery system designed for spaceflight applications and to compare novel soil moisture sensorsto matric potential measurements using tensiometers. The substrate compartments were constructed of clear polycarbonateplastic with a bottommounted porous tube and filled with sieved 1 to 2mm Turface media. Seeds were germinated andtransplanted into the Turfacefilled substrate compartment. A sheet of plastic was used to cover the substrate to limitevaporation from the medias surface. The compartments were irrigated with halfstrength Hoaglands nutrient solution viathe porous tubes. Plant transpiration rates were monitored using digital scales. Soil moisture levels were also monitored usingpressure sensors mounted to the porous tubes (tensiometer) and novel heatpulse soil moisture sensors that were embeddedat different depths in the substrate. The plants were grown for a minimum of 45 days prior to imposing drought conditions.The drought conditions were maintained until daytoday mass changes in the substrate compartments decreased to aminimum. The Turface media from the compartments was subsequently removed, weighed, dried, and reweighed. The sensorsperformed satisfactorily, but both systems have limitations. The average limit of extractable water on a mass of water basiswas 39.7% based on six replications.
Sulfur Promotion in Au/C Catalyzed Acetylene Hydrochlorination (2021)

The formation of highly active and stable acetylene hydrochlorination catalysts is of great industrial importance. The successful replacement of the highly toxic mercuric chloride catalyst with gold has led to a flurry of research in this area. One key aspect, which led to the commercialization of the gold catalyst is the use of thiosulphate as a stabilizing ligand. This study investigates the use of a range of sulfur containing compounds as promoters for production of highly active Au/C catalysts. Promotion is observed across a range of metal sulfates, non-metal sulfates, and sulfuric acid treatments. This observed enhancement can be optimized by careful consideration of either pre- or post-treatments, concentration of dopants used, and modification of washing steps. Pre-treatment of the carbon support with sulfuric acid (0.76 m) resulted in the most active Au/C in this series with an acetylene conversion of ≈70% at 200 °C.