gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Echocardiographic Imaging of Myocardial Inflammation (2007)

Myocardial contrast echocardiography is an ultrasound perfusion imaging technique using gas-filled microspheres as red blood cell tracers. During echocardiographic imaging, ultrasound signals returning from the microbubbles during their microcirculatory transit register as myocardial tissue enhancement, which can be mapped and quantified. The endothelial surface actively plays multiple critical roles in normal vascular physiology. Normal endothelium regulates tissue perfusion by its control of vascular smooth muscle tone; provides a nonthrombogenic and nonadhesive surface; participates in the regulation and control of coagulation and fibrinolysis; serves as a selective barrier regulating microvascular permeability; and modulates proliferation of underlying vascular smooth muscle. Methods for identifying endothelial inflammation in vivo are relatively limited. Because endothelial dysfunction is often a precursor to and/or concomitant with vascular disease, and particularly because it is potentially reversible, such as in the case of hypercholesterolemia, early identification of inflammatory endothelial changes could impact on preventative treatment strategies in cardiovascular disease.
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (2000)

This appendix presents a protocol for separating and purifying DNA fragments between 0.5 and 25 kb. A support protocol describes the use of midigels and minigels.
Novel Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Flatfish Genes (2003)

We report on the identification of active novel antimicrobials determined by screening both the genomic information and the mRNA transcripts from a number of different flatfish for sequences encoding antimicrobial peptides, predicting the sequences of active peptides from the genetic information, producing the predicted peptides chemically, and testing them for their activities. We amplified 35 sequences from various species of flatfish using primers whose sequences are based on conserved flanking regions of a known antimicrobial peptide from winter flounder, pleurocidin. We analyzed the sequences of the amplified products and predicted which sequences were likely to encode functional antimicrobial peptides on the basis of charge, hydrophobicity, relation to flanking sequences, and similarity to known active peptides. Twenty peptides were then produced synthetically and tested for their activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans. The most active peptide (with the carboxy-terminus amidated sequence GWRTLLKKAEVKTVGKLALKHYL, derived from American plaice) showed inhibitory activity over a concentration range of 1 to 8 micro g/ml against a test panel of pathogens, including the intrinsically antibiotic-resistant organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and C. albicans. The methods described here will be useful for the identification of novel peptides with good antimicrobial activities.
COMPACT AND ROBUST SINGLE-FREQUENCY DIODE-PUMPED VECSEL AT THE CESIUM D2 LINE FOR ATOMIC CLOCKS (2008)

This work reports on an optically-pumped vertical external-cavity surface­emitting laser emitting around 852 nm dedicated to atomic physics experiments with cold Cs atoms. The design of the semiconductor active structure has been optimized to provide a low threshold. A low-power diode-pumped compact prototype has been developed with improved stability. With this setup, we obtained a 17-mW single frequency emission exhibiting large tunability around the Cesium D2 line. The laser linewidth has been measured to less than 500 kHz on a 10 ms time.
Effect of interferon gamma and CD40 ligation on intracellular monocyte survival of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (2008)

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a mucosal pathogen that is a major cause of respiratory infection, including sinusitis, otitis media and bronchitis. This bacterium has evolved a number of mechanisms to facilitate its survival in the human host. Recently it has been recognized that it is capable of intracellular survival in monocytes/macrophages and epithelial cells. Previous work by the authors has demonstrated that the protective response to NTHi is Th1 predominant. This information led to the hypothesis that the intracellular survival of NTHi in human monocytes may be reduced by two key effector mechanisms of Th1-mediated immunity: interferon gamma and ligation of CD40. This study assessed the effect of interferon gamma and ligation of CD40 on the intracellular survival of NTHi in human monocytes. Responses were studied in monocytes from subjects with bronchiectasis and persistent airway infection with NTHi and compared with control subjects. The results demonstrated that different isolates of NTHi were able to survive inside monocytes. Killing of one strain of NTHi could be enhanced by the addition of interferon gamma and CD40 ligation in both control and bronchiectasis subjects. Other strains were more resistant.
The Fessenden oscillator: History, electroacoustic model, and performance estimate (1994)

The first practical man-made sonar oscillator, conceived and designed by the Canadian Reginald A. Fessenden, was a 540-Hz air-backed electrodynamically driven clamped-edge circular plate. Work on the oscillator started in 1912 while Fessenden was working for the Submarine Signal Company, Boston, MA. In January 1914, in Boston Harbor, underwater communication was first shown by using a Morse code carrier to modulate the oscillator, thus demonstrating a means of ship–submarine acoustic communication. In March 1914, the oscillator was later tested aboard the U. S. Coast Guard cutter Miami on the Grand Banks, off Newfoundland Canada, where echo ranging from a 3200-m distant iceberg and depth sounding were demonstrated. In 1915, the oscillator was even tested at 100 kHz. The Fessenden oscillator models (ca. 500, 1000, and 3000 Hz) were so successful that they were even used until, and during, World War II for sonar and mine detection purposes. Despite these landmark achievements, at present no oscillators are known to exist, and no modern acoustic measurements have ever been made to establish the acoustical performance. To partially fill in this gap, the Fessenden oscillator, will be described and an electroacoustic model will be used to predict the acoustic performance.
Vascular Abnormalities Following Radio- and Chemotherapy of Hepatic Neoplasms (1988)

Four patients (three with hepatocellular carcinoma and one with colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver) previously treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both in an attempt to reduce tumor bulk prior to surgical resection were examined by CT angiography (CTA). Areas of abnormal enhancement and irregular vessels simulating tumor involvement proved to be free of neoplasm at surgery. Perfusion abnormalities and vascular irregularity on CTA following radiotherapy or chemotherapy should not be automatically considered as neoplastic. Tissue confirmation in such cases should be obtained to rule out treatment related hepatic parenchymal changes.
Processing Dynamic Interactions in Cooperative Databases. (1994)

Cooperation is both a key concept to deal with complex design tasks and an ambiguous notion interpreted in a variety of ways. In particular, cooperation is consideredfrom its behavioral aspects relating to the course of the dialogue (communication) and from a synchronizational viewpoint with respect to coordination issues. From the database point of view, the secondperspective is more familiar and is thus scrutinired to considerable detail. Especially, the dynamic aspects of interactions are ofparamount interestfor interactive, multi-user databases. In this paper, first some conceptual foundations on interaction in teams are established. Second, a new concept named conversational team-work is defined. Conversational team-work is a joint manner of data manipulation for dynamically interacting database users.
Immunological and virological efficacy of a therapeutic immunization combined with interleukin-2 in chronically HIV-1 infected patients. (2005)

This study provides proof of the concept that therapeutic immunization before antiviral drug cessation may contribute to the containment of HIV replication.
A Conserved Flagellar Pocket Exposed High Mannose Moiety Is Used by African Trypanosomes as a Host Cytokine Binding Molecule (2001)

Trypanosomes use antigenic variation of their variant-specific surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat as defense against the host immune system. However, in order to sustain their growth, they need to expose conserved epitopes, allowing host macromolecule binding and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Here we show that Trypanosoma brucei uses the conserved chitobiose-oligomannose (GlcNAc(2)-Man(5-9)) moieties of its VSG as a binding ligand for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a host cytokine with lectin-like properties. As endocytosis in trypanosomes is restricted to the flagellar pocket, we show that soluble flagellar pocket extracts, and in particular soluble VSG, inhibit the binding of (125)I-TNF to trypanosomes. The interaction between TNF and VSG is confirmed by affinity chromatography, biosensor, and dot-blot affinity measurements, and soluble VSG inhibition of TNF-mediated trypanolysis. In all approaches, removal of N-linked carbohydrates abrogates the TNF-VSG interaction. In addition, synthetic high mannose oligosaccharides can block TNF-VSG interactions, and a VSG glycopeptide carrying the GlcNAc(2)-Man(5-9) moiety is shown to inhibit TNF-mediated trypanosome killing in mixed parasite/macrophage cell cultures. Together, these results support the observation that TNF plays a role in growth control of trypanosomes and, moreover, suggest that, by the use of conserved VSG carbohydrates as lectin-binding epitopes, trypanosomes can limit the necessity to express large numbers of invariant surface exposed receptors.
Reliable refractive-index adjustment in Ge-doped silica-core planar waveguides by high-repetition rate femtosecond laser pulses (2002)

Laser trimming of phase errors are becoming vitally important technologies for silica-based planar waveguide devices such as arrayed-waveguide gratings (AWGs), directional couplers, etc. for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM). Conventional phase trimming technologies based on UV excimer lasers have serious problems such as delicate and time consuming preparation for hydrogen-loaded sensitization processes, requirement of mask-processes and difficulty in real time, high-speed phase-error correction, etc. This paper presents some representative features of our novel technology for rapid and reliable refractive-index adjustment in germanosilica-based planar waveguides utilizing high-repetition rate ultrashort laser pulses. Infrared (800nm), 200 kHz, 150 fs pulses were used to increase refractive index of the planar waveguides with 100 µm/s scanning speed. With increase in the irradiation power density, maximum refractive-index increase up to ~2 × 10−3 was obtained with distinct saturation at around 2.2 TW/cm2. No decay in the refractive index change was observed even after annealing at 200°C for 100 hours. This highly stable refractive-index increase is in consistent with the phenomena of permanent refractive-index increase observed by Kondo, et al. in Ge-doped silica-core glass fibers irradiated by ultrashort laser pulses.
A microgrid ontology for the analysis of cyber-physical security (2017)

The IEC 61850 protocol suite for electrical sub-station automation enables substation configuration and design for protection, communication, and control. These power system applications can be formally verified through use of object models, common data classes, and message classes. The IEC 61850-7-420 DER (Distributed Energy Resource) extension further defines object classes for assets such as types of DER (e.g., energy storage, photovoltaic), DER unit controllers, and other DER-associated devices (e.g., inverter). These object classes describe asset-specific attributes such as state of charge, capacity limits, and ramp rate. Attributes can be fixed (rated capacity of the device) dynamic (state of charge), or binary (on or off, dispatched or off-line, operational or fault state). We sketch out a proposed ontology based on the 61850 and 61850-7-420 DER object classes to model threats against a micro-grid, which is an electrical system consisting of controllable loads and distributed generation that can function autonomously (in island mode) or connected to a larger utility grid. We consider threats against the measurements on which the control loop is based, as well as attacks against the control directives and the communication infrastructure. We use this ontology to build a threat model using the ADversary View Security Evaluation (ADVISE) framework, which enables identification of attack paths based on adversary objectives (for example, destabilize the entire micro-grid by reconnecting to the utility without synchronization) and helps identify defender strategies. Furthermore, the ADVISE method provides quantitative security metrics that can help inform trade-off decisions made by system architects and controls.
DocTime: A Document-level Temporal Dependency Graph Parser (2022)

Puneet Mathur, Vlad Morariu, Verena Kaynig-Fittkau, Jiuxiang Gu, Franck Dernoncourt, Quan Tran, Ani Nenkova, Dinesh Manocha, Rajiv Jain. Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2022.
Reducing substrate noise coupling in a 3D-PICS Integrated Passive Device by localized P&#x002B; guard rings (2013)

This paper presents an original concept of a P+ guard ring realized in a 300μm depth High Resistivity Silicon Substrate (HRS) in order to reduce the substrate noise coupling in a 3D-PICS Integrated Passive Device technology. Guard rings have been designed to be a reliable and efficient protection against noise signals propagation. Case study presented in this work illustrates its significant role. In this paper, a 3D-PICS IPD test chip was studied as a first passive part prototype of a System-In-Package chip in combination with RF transceiver operating in the ISM band (863-870 MHz). Various configurations of the passive chip layout (including implementation of guard rings) have been characterized by Direct Power Injection. 3D-PICS electrical performances deduced from two-ports S-parameters are reported, as well as the guard rings efficiency measurements extracted from these S-parameters. Coupling isolation performances of the new integrated PICS components are found satisfactory.
Optically Addressed Droplet-Based Protein Assay (2005)

We demonstrate a new method for performing protein assays with very small volumes ( approximately 1.7 muL to 14 pL). Using a laser to modify local surface energy, we manipulate, fuse, and mix droplets containing horseradish peroxidase and its substrates. A detection limit of approximately 30 attomoles of reacting enzyme was measured by optical absorption. We discuss the possibility of extending this lower limit to zeptomoles of enzyme.
A new capacitive test structure for microwave characterization of biopolymers (2007)

Abstract A new capacitive test structure, containing a parallel plate capacitor with coplanar waveguide feed lines, was used for microwave characterization of biopolymers for the first time. Microwave dielectric properties were obtained for the biopolymers as a function of dc bias and temperature by performing on‐wafer microwave measurements. Dielectric tunability was observed with applied dc bias in the biopolymers tested. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1261–1265, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22474
Design of a Multi-User Multi-Carrier Differential Chaos Shift Keying Communication System (2013)

In this paper, a multi user Multi-Carrier Differential Chaos Shift Keying (MC-DCSK) modulation is presented. The system endeavors to provide a good trade-off between robustness, energy efficiency and high data rate, while still being simple. In this architecture of MC-DCSK system, for each user, chaotic reference sequence is transmitted over a predefined subcarrier frequency. Multiple modulated data streams are transmitted over the remaining subcarriers allocated for each user. This transmitter structure saves energy and increases the spectral efficiency of the conventional DCSK system.
Data from Small-Molecule Prodigiosin Restores p53 Tumor Suppressor Activity in Chemoresistant Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells via c-Jun-Mediated ΔNp73 Inhibition and p73 Activation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Tumor suppressor p53 is frequently mutated or inactivated in colorectal cancer. In contrast, p53 family member p73 is rarely mutated in colorectal cancer and p73 activation elicits p53-like tumor suppression. Colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSC) comprise a rare self-renewing subpopulation that contributes to tumor maintenance and chemoresistance. p53 restoration is known to target CRCSCs, but p73 restoration in CRCSCs has not been examined. In this study, we investigated the effects of the small-molecule prodigiosin, which restores the p53 pathway in tumor cells via p73 activation, on CRCSCs &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Prodigiosin prevented colonosphere formation independent of p53 status and reduced the viability of self-renewing, 5-fluorouracil-resistant Aldefluor positive [Aldefluor(+)] CRCSCs &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Furthermore, prodigiosin inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors initiated with Aldefluor+ cells without toxic effects and limited the tumorigenic potential of these cells. Consistently, prodigiosin induced activation of a p53-responsive luciferase reporter in colonospheres, Aldefluor(+) cells, and tumor xenografts. Mechanistic studies revealed that prodigiosin increased the levels of p73 and reduced levels of the oncogenic N-terminally truncated isoform ΔNp73 in Aldefluor(+) cells. Accordingly, p73 knockdown or ΔNp73 overexpression suppressed prodigiosin-mediated inhibition of colonosphere formation. Moreover, prodigiosin increased levels of the transcription factor c-Jun, a regulator of p73 and ΔNp73, in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. c-Jun knockdown attenuated prodigiosin-mediated p53-reporter activation, ΔNp73 downregulation, p73 activation, and cell death. Collectively, our findings highlight the previously uncharacterized use of p73-activating therapeutics to target CRCSCs. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(7); 1989–99. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Effects of end stage renal disease and aluminium hydroxide on triazolam pharmacokinetics. (1985)

Triazolam 0.5 mg was administered to 11 dialysis patients and 11 age, weight and sex matched controls. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were higher in control subjects, but there were no other differences between the groups. When dialysis patients took triazolam with 3600 mg aluminum hydroxide suspension, Cmax and AUC were increased into the range observed in control subjects. It appears that triazolam can be used at normal doses in patients with renal dysfunction, without regard to interaction with aluminum hydroxide gel, or to alterations in elimination.
Gene expression profiling reveals aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a possible target for photobiomodulation when using blue light (2016)

Photobiomodulation (PBM) with blue light induces a biphasic dose response curve in proliferation of immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT), with a maximum anti-proliferative effect reached with 30min (41.4 J/cm2). The aim of this study was to test the photobiomodulatory effect of 41.4 J/cm2 blue light irradiation on ROS production, apoptosis and gene expression at different time points after irradiation of HaCaT cells in vitro and assess its safety. ROS concentration was increased 30 min after irradiation. However, already 1 h after irradiation, cells were able to reduce ROS and balance the concentration to a normal level. The sudden increase in ROS did not damage the cells, which was demonstrated with FACS analysis where HaCaT cells did not show any sign of apoptosis after blue light irradiation. Furthermore, a time course could be seen in gene expression analysis after blue light, with an early response of stimulated genes already 1 h after blue light irradiation, leading to the discovery of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor as possible target for blue light irradiation.
Microintumescent mechanism of flame‐retardant water‐based chitosan–ammonium polyphosphate multilayer nanocoating on cotton fabric (2016)

ABSTRACT Layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly of nanocoatings on fabric substrates has been very successful in terms of reduction of flammability. In particular, an LbL system comprised ammonium polyphosphate as the polyanion and chitosan as the polycation, applied to cotton fabric, dramatically reduced cotton flammability. At this point, the fire‐retardant (FR) mechanism of action of this system has never been fully elucidated. Sonicated and nonsonicated coated cotton fabrics were evaluated using a vertical flame test and mass loss calorimeter. Coating morphology was investigated before and after burning. Thermal analyses and chemical analyses in the condensed phase (and in the gas phase) were conducted to reveal the FR mechanism of action. At the cotton surface, a combination of both condensed (formation of aromatic char) and gas phase (release of water and highly flammable gases) mechanisms impart the FR behavior, promoting a kind of “microintumescence” phenomenon. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43783.
Time–Frequency Analysis of Seismic Reflection Data (2018)

In this chapter, the authors apply quadratic time–frequency (TF) representations to the analysis of seismic reflection data. Seismic imaging of the earth’s subsurface is an essential technique in exploring for oil and gas accumulations. A seismic image is obtained by probing the subsurface with acoustic waves. Seismic attributes are features extracted from a seismic image that elucidate signal characteristics that are relevant for the geologic interpretation of the reflectivity image. The frequency content of a seismic reflection record is primarily dependent on the bandwidth of the outgoing seismic source pulse and the absorption characteristics of the subsurface. The TF representation of a seismic section brings forward characteristics of the seismic sequence that are not easily observed in the time domain or frequency domain alone. The authors present a computationally efficient method for estimating moment-based TF attributes that avoids the calculation of a quadratic TF representation altogether.
Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 Modulates the Brain Reward Response to Reduce Binge Eating and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rat (2021)

Food addiction (FA) is characterized by behavioral and neurochemical changes linked to loss of food intake control. Gut microbiota may influence appetite and food intake via endocrine and neural routes. The gut microbiota is known to impact homeostatic energy mechanisms, but its role in regulating the reward system is less certain. We show that the administration of Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 (B. uniformis) in a rat FA model impacts on the brain reward response, ameliorating binge eating and decreasing anxiety-like behavior. These effects are mediated, at least in part, by changes in the levels of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline in the nucleus accumbens and in the expression of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex and intestine. B. uniformis reverses the fasting-induced microbiota changes and increases the abundance of species linked to healthy metabolotypes. Our data indicate that microbiota-based interventions might help to control compulsive overeating by modulating the reward response.
Modification de surface de transducteurs acoustiques à ondes de Love: Applications à la détection chimique et biochimique en milieu liquide (2008)

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