gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoporous platinum solid-state reference electrode with layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte junction for pH sensing chip (2010)

A novel solid-state reference electrode was developed by combining nanoporous Pt with polyelectrolyte junction. The polyelectrolyte junction was formed in the microchannel connecting the nanoporous Pt and the sample solution, and had layer-by-layer structure of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte junction effectively blocked the mass transport of ions and maintains constant pH environments on the surface of the nanoporous Pt. The assembly of the polyelectrolyte junction and the nanoporous Pt, which produced reportedly a stable open-circuit potential in response to constant pH, exhibited outstanding performance as a solid-state reference electrode (e.g., excellent reproducibility of ±4 mV (n = 5), good long term stability of ±1 mV (for 50 h), and independence of solution environments like pH and ionic strength). A working principle of the solid-state reference electrode with layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte junction was suggested in terms of the roles of each layer and the effect of the neighboring layer. As a demonstrative application of the solid-state reference electrode, a miniaturized chip-type solid-state pH sensor comprised of two nanoporous Pt electrodes and a micro-patterned layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte junction was developed. The solid-state pH sensing chip showed reliable pH responses without liquid junction and successfully worked in a variety of buffers, beverages, and biological samples, showing its potential utility for practical applications. In addition, the solid-state pH sensing chip was integrated in a microfluidic system to be utilized for pH monitoring in microfluidic flow.
Influence of Catalyst Porosity on Ethylene Polymerization (2011)

The structure and porosity of Cr/silica catalysts has a strong influence on its activity in ethylene polymerization and on the character of the polymer it produces. In this study, silicas of widely varying physical structure were chosen so that the influence of surface area, pore volume, pore diameter, and coalescence could be independently investigated by monitoring the surface activity, the polymer molecular weight (MW), MW distribution, melt flow, and the amount of long-chain branching (LCB). The results are discussed with respect to (1) fragmentation of the silica during polymerization, and (2) egress of polymer from pores inside the resulting fragments. Pores of narrow diameter were found to inhibit polymer egress, resulting in lower surface participation, which in turn raised the molecular weight. Pores of wide diameter were found to produce relatively constant surface participation and polymer molecular weight, but increased the amount of LCB in the polymer. Variations in MW are seen as a function of the amount of “crowding” within the pore, whereas variations in LCB are seen as a function of the number of active sites within the pore cavity. The physical principles observed from Cr/silica catalysts were found to be independent and additive to other (chemical) influences from Cr/silica catalysts. Moreover, these physical influences apply to other supports and to metallocene catalysts, as well.
Genome-wide association studies in East Asians identify new loci for waist-hip ratio and waist circumference (2016)

Sixty genetic loci associated with abdominal obesity, measured by waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR), have been previously identified, primarily from studies conducted in European-ancestry populations. We conducted a meta-analysis of associations of abdominal obesity with approximately 2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 53,052 (for WC) and 48,312 (for WHR) individuals of Asian descent, and replicated 33 selected SNPs among 3,762 to 17,110 additional individuals. We identified four novel loci near the EFEMP1, ADAMTSL3 , CNPY2, and GNAS genes that were associated with WC after adjustment for body mass index (BMI); two loci near the NID2 and HLA-DRB5 genes associated with WHR after adjustment for BMI, and three loci near the CEP120, TSC22D2, and SLC22A2 genes associated with WC without adjustment for BMI. Functional enrichment analyses revealed enrichment of corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling, GNRH signaling, and/or CDK5 signaling pathways for those newly-identified loci. Our study provides additional insight on genetic contribution to abdominal obesity.
WE-C-217BCD-11: Coupled Radiative and Optical Geant4 Simulation of MV EPIDs Based on Thick Pixelated Scintillating Crystals (2012)

To our knowledge this study is the first to present a full optical and radiative DQE(f) model using Geant4 that shows an excellent match with experimental data. The model indicates that improved performance can be obtained using more specular septa which are optically opaque. Support: NIH-T32-CA09695, NIH-1R01CA138426 NIH T32-CA09695, NIH R01- CA138426, Several authors work for Varian Medical Systems.
Application of Impedance Spectroscopy to Characterize Polymer-Electrolyte-Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells (2013)

Impedance spectroscopy provides a powerful tool for in-situ identification and quantification of physical phenomena which influence cell performance, but interpretation of data is difficult. This paper summarizes issues associated with application of impedance spectroscopy to characterize PEM fuel cells. These include error analysis, development of models based on proposed reaction mechanisms, and simplified asymptotic analysis in terms of effective capacitance, and integration with other measurements.
Pore-forming ability of major outer membrane proteins from Wolinella recta ATCC 33238 (1992)

Three major outer membrane proteins with apparent molecular masses of 43, 45, and 51 kDa were purified from Wolinella recta ATCC 33238, and their pore-forming abilities were determined by the black lipid bilayer method. The non-heat-modifiable 45-kDa protein (Omp 45) showed no pore-forming activity even at high KCl concentrations. The single-channel conductances in 1 M KCl of the heat-modifiable proteins with apparent molecular masses of 43 kDa (Omp 43) and 51 kDa (Omp 51) were 0.49 and 0.60 nS, respectively. The proteins formed nonselective channels and, as determined by experiments of ion selectivity and zero-current potential, were weakly anion selective.
Downlink Performance of Uplink Fractional Power Control in 5G Massive MIMO Systems (2018)

Uplink power control is an efficient scheme to mitigate pilot contamination in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In this work, we provide a comprehensive study on the effects of fractional power control (FPC) on the downlink performance of the most relevant fifth generation (5G) massive MIMO deployments. Specifically, we perform thorough system simulations based on the most recent three dimensional spatial channel model released by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project to evaluate the impact of different deployment-related parameters such as pilot reuse factor, beamforming criterion, and base station array size. Our results indicate the most suitable tuning of the FPC parameters and show that optimized FPC provides huge gains in the cell border throughput when compared to a baseline scheme with all the users transmitting at maximum power. Moreover, our simulations also demonstrate that the effectiveness of FPC grows in scenarios with severe pilot contamination, confirming that implementing this feature is essential in realistic deployments.
Pulmonary-Vein Isolation for Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Heart Failure (2008)

Pulmonary-vein isolation was superior to atrioventricular-node ablation with biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure who had drug-refractory atrial fibrillation. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00599976.)
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF POLYCYCLIC ARENE IMINES. III. N‐ALKYLATION OF PHENANTHRENE 9,10‐IMINE (1984)

Abstract Aus dem trans‐I0‐Azido‐phenanthren‐9‐ol (I) erhält man mit Tributylphosphin über die Zwischenstufe (II) das Aziridin (III), das mit verschiedenen Basen oder unter PhasenTransfer‐Bedingungen zu den Substitutionsprodukten (V) umgesetzt wird.
Impact of gastrointestinal physiology on drug absorption in special populations––An UNGAP review (2020)

The release and absorption profile of an oral medication is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the drug and its formulation, as well as by the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. During drug development the bioavailability of a new drug is typically assessed in early clinical studies in a healthy adult population. However, many disease conditions are associated with an alteration of the anatomy and/or physiology of the GI tract. The same holds true for some subpopulations, such as paediatric or elderly patients, or populations with different ethnicity. The variation in GI tract conditions compared to healthy adults can directly affect the kinetics of drug absorption, and thus, safety and efficacy of an oral medication. This review provides an overview of GI tract properties in special populations compared to healthy adults and discusses how drug absorption is affected by these conditions. Particular focus is directed towards non-disease dependent conditions (age, sex, ethnicity, genetic factors, obesity, pregnancy), GI diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, celiac disease, cancer in the GI tract, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, lactose intolerance, Helicobacter pylori infection, and infectious diseases of the GI tract), as well as systemic diseases that change the GI tract conditions (cystic fibrosis, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, HIV enteropathy, and critical illness). The current knowledge about GI conditions in special populations and their impact on drug absorption is still limited. Further research is required to improve confidence in pharmacokinetic predictions and dosing recommendations in the targeted patient population, and thus to ensure safe and effective drug therapies.
GAP-134 ([2S,4R]-1-[2-Aminoacetyl]4-Benzamidopyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid) Prevents Spontaneous Ventricular Arrhythmias and Reduces Infarct Size During Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Open-Chest Dogs (2009)

The antiarrhythmic dipeptide, GAP-134, ([2S,4R]-1[2-aminoacetyl]-4-benzamido-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid) was evaluated in canine ischemia/reperfusion model. In dogs subjected to 60-minute ischemia and 4-hour reperfusion, GAP-134 was administered 10 minutes before reperfusion as a bolus + intravenous (IV) infusion. The doses administered were 0.25 microg/kg bolus + 0.19 microg/kg per hour infusion; 2.5 microg/kg + 1.9 microg/kg per hour; 25 mg/kg + 19 mg/kg per hour; 75 mg/kg + 57 mg/kg per hour. Ventricular ectopy was quantified during reperfusion, including premature ventricular contractions (PVC) and ventricular tachycardia (VT). Total incidence of VT was reduced significantly with the 2 highest doses of GAP-134 (1.7 + 0.8; 2.2 + 1.4 events; P < .05) compared to controls (23.0 + 6.1). Total PVCs were reduced significantly from 11.1 + 1.6% in control animals to 2.0% + 0.7% and 1.8% + 0.8% after the 2 highest doses of GAP-134. Infarct size, expressed as percentage of left ventricle, was reduced significantly from 19.0% + 3.5% in controls to 7.9% + 1.5% and 7.1% + 0.8% (P < .05) at the 2 highest doses of GAP-134. GAP-134 is an effective antiarrhythmic agent with potential to reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury.
ChemInform Abstract: Organolanthanoid‐Catalyzed Intra‐ and Intermolecular Tandem C—N and C—C Bond‐Forming Processes of Aminodialkenes, Aminodialkynes, Aminoalkeneynes, and Aminoalkynes. New Regiospecific Approaches to Pyrrolizidine, Indolizidine, Pyrrole, and Pyrazine Skeletons. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of functionalized nanoporous supports for protein confinement (2006)

Here we characterize a highly efficient approach for protein confinement and enzyme immobilization in NH(2)- or HOOC- functionalized mesoporous silica (FMS) with pore sizes as large as tens of nanometres. We observed a dramatic increase of enzyme loading in both enzyme activity and protein amount when using appropriate FMS in comparison with unfunctionalized mesoporous silica and normal porous silica. With different protein loading density in NH(2)-FMS, the negatively charged glucose oxidase (GOX) displayed an immobilization efficiency (I(e), the ratio of the specific activity of the immobilized enzyme to the specific activity of the free enzyme in stock solution) in a range from 30% to 160%, while the same charged glucose isomerase (GI) showed an I(e) of 100% to 120%, and the positively charged organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) exhibited I(e) of more than 200% in HOOC-FMS. The enzyme-FMS composite was stained with the charged gold nanoparticles and imaged by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed no major secondary structural change for the enzymes entrapped in FMS. Thanks to the large, rigid, open pore structure of FMS, the reaction rate and K(m) of the entrapped enzymes in FMS were comparable to those of the free enzymes in solution. In principle, the general approach described here should be applicable to many enzymes, proteins, and protein complexes since both pore sizes and functional groups of FMS are controllable.
Resilient mobile cognition: Algorithms, innovations, and architectures (2015)

The importance of the internet-of-things (IOT) is now an established reality. With that backdrop, the phenomenal emergence of cameras/sensors mounted on unmanned aerial, ground and marine vehicles (UAVs, UGVs, UMVs) and body worn cameras is a notable new development. The swarms of cameras and real-time computing thereof are at the heart of new technologies like connected cars, drone-based city-wide surveillance and precision agriculture, etc. Smart computer vision algorithms (with or without dynamic learning) that enable object recognition and tracking, supported by baseline video content summarization or 2D/3D image reconstruction of the scanned environment are at the heart of such new applications. In this article, we summarize our recent innovations in this space. We focus primarily on algorithms and architectural design considerations for video summarization systems.
Pharmacological characterization of CHF6162, a novel long acting inhaled corticosteroid for the treatment of asthma (2017)

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the mainstay of asthma therapy. We report here the characterization of CHF6162, a novel ICS, in comparison with budesonide and fluticasone furoate (FF). CHF6162 showed sub-nanomolar potency in inducing glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation and in eliciting anti-inflammatory effects such as inhibition of NO, IL-8 and TNFα release in different cell-based assay and in trans-activating steroid-responsive gene GILZ. Pharmacokinetic properties of CHF6162 were tuned to obtain high lung retention (11h), high intrinsic clearance (20ml/min/106 cell) and low oral bioavailability (about 10%), to minimize systemic exposure and reduce systemically driven adverse effects. In the rat model of ovalbumin-induced pulmonary inflammation, intratracheal administration of CHF6162 (0.003-0.1µmol/kg), FF (0.01-1µmol/kg) and budesonide (0.01-1µmol/kg) dose-dependently and significantly inhibited influx of total white cells, eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Potency ranking for inhibition of eosinophil recruitment was CHF6162 (ED50=0.0041µmol/kg)&gt;FF (ED50=0.059µmol/kg) &gt;budesonide (ED50=0.11µmol/kg). The duration of action of CHF6162 was compared to that of FF and budesonide by administering the ED75 dose 24 h before ovalbumin challenge: both CHF6162 and FF, but not budesonide, retained a significant anti-inflammatory activity at 24 h. In conclusion, CHF6162 is a novel long-acting and highly effective ICS with low systemic exposure predictive of a good safety profile. These features make CHF6162 a potential candidate to be progressed into clinical trials
Novel digital pre-distortion techniques for low-extinction ratio Mach-Zehnder modulators (2015)

A novel digital pre-distortion technique for low-extinction ratio modulators is presented. Penalty-free transmission in back-to-back system configuration is reported for 16-and 64QAM at 32GBaud with modulator extinction ratios as low as 14dB.
Monocular blur alters the tuning characteristics of stereopsis for spatial frequency and size (2016)

Our sense of depth perception is mediated by spatial filters at different scales in the visual brain; low spatial frequency channels provide the basis for coarse stereopsis, whereas high spatial frequency channels provide for fine stereopsis. It is well established that monocular blurring of vision results in decreased stereoacuity. However, previous studies have used tests that are broadband in their spatial frequency content. It is not yet entirely clear how the processing of stereopsis in different spatial frequency channels is altered in response to binocular input imbalance. Here, we applied a new stereoacuity test based on narrow-band Gabor stimuli. By manipulating the carrier spatial frequency, we were able to reveal the spatial frequency tuning of stereopsis, spanning from coarse to fine, under blurred conditions. Our findings show that increasing monocular blur elevates stereoacuity thresholds 'selectively' at high spatial frequencies, gradually shifting the optimum frequency to lower spatial frequencies. Surprisingly, stereopsis for low frequency targets was only mildly affected even with an acuity difference of eight lines on a standard letter chart. Furthermore, we examined the effect of monocular blur on the size tuning function of stereopsis. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Morbidity and mortality associated with spinal surgery in children: a review of the Scoliosis Research Society morbidity and mortality database (2010)

Spinal surgery in children is associated with a range of complications depending on the type of operation. Mortality rates for all indications and operations were low. Patients undergoing more aggressive corrective procedures for deformity are more likely to suffer complications and new neurological deficits.
Polymer-based nanocomposites for bolometric applications (2004)

We have studied the temperature dependences and kinetics of conductivity and the current-voltage characteristics of highly filled polymer-based nanocomposites containing CdS particles with an average size of about 50 Å. The conductivity activation energy, electron density, and electron mobility were determined. The temperature coefficient of resistance of the nanocomposites at room temperature reaches 0.15 K−1. Polymerbased film nanocomposites with semiconductor particles are promising media for highly responsive temperature sensors, in particular, bolometers.
Colosseum: Large-Scale Wireless Experimentation Through Hardware-in-the-Loop Network Emulation (2021)

Colosseum is an open-access and publicly-available large-scale wireless testbed for experimental research via virtualized and softwarized waveforms and protocol stacks on a fully programmable, “white-box” platform. Through 256 state-of-the-art software-defined radios and a massive channel emulator core, Colosseum can model virtually any scenario, enabling the design, development and testing of solutions at scale in a variety of deployments and channel conditions. These Colosseum radio-frequency scenarios are reproduced through high-fidelity FPGAbased emulation with finite-impulse response filters. Filters model the taps of desired wireless channels and apply them to the signals generated by the radio nodes, faithfully mimicking the conditions of real-world wireless environments. In this paper, we introduce Colosseum as a testbed that is for the first time open to the research community. We describe the architecture of Colosseum and its experimentation and emulation capabilities. We then demonstrate the effectiveness of Colosseum for experimental research at scale through exemplary use cases including prevailing wireless technologies (e.g., cellular and Wi-Fi) in spectrum sharing and unmanned aerial vehicle scenarios. A roadmap for Colosseum future updates concludes the paper.
Molecular dynamics simulation-guided drug sensitivity prediction for lung cancer with rare EGFR mutations (2019)

Next generation sequencing (NGS)-based tumor profiling identified an overwhelming number of uncharacterized somatic mutations, also known as variants of unknown significance (VUS). The therapeutic significance of <i>EGFR</i> mutations outside mutational hotspots, consisting of >50 types, in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is largely unknown. In fact, our pan-nation screening of NSCLC without hotspot <i>EGFR</i> mutations (<i>n</i> = 3,779) revealed that the majority (>90%) of cases with rare <i>EGFR</i> mutations, accounting for 5.5% of the cohort subjects, did not receive EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as a first-line treatment. To tackle this problem, we applied a molecular dynamics simulation-based model to predict the sensitivity of rare EGFR mutants to EGFR-TKIs. The model successfully predicted the diverse in vitro and in vivo sensitivities of exon 20 insertion mutants, including a singleton, to osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.72, <i>P</i> = 0.0037). Additionally, our model showed a higher consistency with experimentally obtained sensitivity data than other prediction approaches, indicating its robustness in analyzing complex cancer mutations. Thus, the in silico prediction model will be a powerful tool in precision medicine for NSCLC patients carrying rare <i>EGFR</i> mutations in the clinical setting. Here, we propose an insight to overcome mutation diversity in lung cancer.
Approximate Noise-Adaptive Filtering Using Student-t Distributions (2018)

We present an adaptive method for Bayesian filtering of linear state-space models with unknown noise statistics. The proposed method makes use of separation of the state and parameter posterior at each time step recursively for subsequent approximate inference. The filter exploits properties of the inverse-Wishart and the Student-t distributions and has relations to recent results from outlier-robust filtering. The method is well suited to platforms with limited computational resources because of its simplicity. Simulation results show that the proposed method can correctly estimate the measurement-noise statistics under large initial errors, in addition to being robust to outliers in the measurement and process noise.