gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imprinted 50 nm Features Fabricated by Step and Stamp UV Imprinting (2008)

We fabricated features down to 50 nm by UV step and stamp imprint lithography (UV-SSIL). This method enables fast sequential imprinting for large areas operating at room temperature with a low-viscosity material. This allows the patterning of both large micron-scale and submicron-scale structures simultaneously. A low-viscosity polymer allows pattern transfer at moderate pressures, thereby reducing mechanical stress on the stamp and substrate. Processing at room temperature helps to maintain the alignment and to prevent the distortion of the features caused by the thermal expansion of the mold and substrate. A UV-SSIL experiment with a novel photosensitive polymer was performed using a prototype of currently commercially available machines used for both thermal and UV step and stamp imprintings. As a master, we used a transparent quartz stamp (with features down to 50 nm) patterned by electron-beam lithography. The polymer was dispensed on a 100 mm silicon substrate using a syringe-type dispensing system. The results were analyzed by atomic force microscopy and a scanning electron microscopy. The fabricated structures exhibited good lateral and vertical feature replication fidelities.
Development of an in vitro model to study the impact of BMP-2 on metastasis to bone (2010)

Prostate cancer cases and deaths have increased for years, yet the mechanisms involved in prostate cancer metastasis to bone remain poorly understood. To address this need, an effective and relevant in vitro model for the study of prostate cancer bone metastases would be useful. Therefore, a 3D in vitro tissue system was established using prostate cancer cells (PC3), suitable culture conditions and a 3D silk scaffold biomaterial to provide mechanically robust and slow degrading matrices to support the tissues for extended time frames. The role of BMP-2 on the progression of prostate cancer was investigated using this 3D tissue system. The results suggest that BMP-2 stimulates the migration of PC3 cells, suggesting insight into mechanisms involved in this critical step in the disease. The data support the conclusion that this in vitro system mimics aspects of prostate cancer metastasis in the presence of BMP-2, thus the system can be utilized as a starting point as an in vitro model for further studies of prostate cancer development and metastasis, as well as in the screening of new therapeutic treatments.
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using a Single Mode Nanophotonic-Plasmonic Platform (2015)

We demonstrate the generation of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) signals from integrated bowtie antennas, excited and collected by the fundamental TE mode of a single mode silicon nitride waveguide. Due to the integrated nature of this particular single mode SERS probe one can rigorously quantify the complete enhancement process. The Stokes power, generated by a 4-nitrothiophenol-coated antenna and collected into the fundamental TE mode, exhibits an 8 × 106 enhancement compared to the free space Raman scattering of a 4-nitrothiophenol molecule. Furthermore, we present an analytical model which identifies the relevant design parameters and figure of merit for this new SERS-platform. An excellent correspondence is obtained between the theoretically predicted and experimentally observed absolute Raman power. This work paves the way toward a new class of fully integrated lab-on-a-chip systems where the single mode SERS probe can be combined with other photonic, fluidic, or biological functionalities.
The Recognition and Evaluation of Patterns of Compensatory Injury in Patients With Mechanical Hip Pain (2014)

B.
Preservation DataStores: New storage paradigm for preservation environments (2008)

As the world becomes digital, we are in ever greater danger of losing business, scientific, artistic, cultural, and personal assets. The threat of such a digital dark age stems from the fact that—unlike physical records that may survive decades, centuries, or even longer without advanced planning—digital records will not survive without planning and diligence. Everything needed to keep digital records viable will become obsolete, including hardware, software, processes, and formats. Consequently, digital preservation environments are needed to ensure the ability to access valuable digital records decades from now and, more significantly, to ensure the interpretability of the records once accessed. We describe Preservation DataStores, an innovative storage architecture that facilitates robust and optimized preservation environments. It is a layered architecture that builds upon open standards, including Open Archival Information System, XAM (Extensible Access Method), and Object-based Storage Device. We also describe the integration of Preservation DataStores with existing file systems and archives and discuss some design and implementation issues. We are developing Preservation DataStores as an infrastructure component of the European Union CASPAR (Cultural, Artistic and Scientific knowledge for Preservation, Access and Retrieval) project, where it will be used to preserve scientific, cultural, and artistic data.
Increasing Imaging Resolution by Non-Regular Sampling and Joint Sparse Deconvolution and Extrapolation (2018)

Increasing the resolution of image sensors has been a never ending struggle since many years. In this paper, we propose a novel image sensor layout, which allows for the acquisition of images at a higher resolution and improved quality. For this, the image sensor makes use of non-regular sampling, which reduces the impact of aliasing. Therewith, it allows for capturing details, which would not be possible with state-of-the-art sensors of the same number of pixels. The non-regular sampling is achieved by rotating prototype pixel cells in a non-regular fashion. As not the whole area of the pixel cell is sensitive to light, a non-regular spatial integration of the incident light is obtained. Based on the sensor output data, a high-resolution image can be reconstructed by performing a deconvolution with respect to the integration area and an extrapolation of the information to the insensitive regions of the pixels. To solve this challenging task, we introduce a novel joint sparse deconvolution and extrapolation algorithm. The union of non-regular sampling and the proposed reconstruction allows for achieving a higher resolution and therewith an improved imaging quality.
Advances in Microprocessor Cache Architectures Over the Last 25 Years (2021)

Over the last 25 years, the use of caches has advanced significantly in mainstream microprocessors to address the memory wall challenge. As we transformed microprocessors from single-core to multicore to manycore, innovations in the architecture, design, and management of on-die cache hierarchy were critical to enabling scaling in performance and efficiency. In addition, at the system level, as input/output (I/O) devices (e.g., networking) and accelerators (domain-specific) started to interact with general-purpose cores across shared memory, advancements in caching became important as a way of minimizing data movement and enabling faster communication. In this article, we cover some of the major advancements in cache research and development that have improved the performance and efficiency of microprocessor servers over the last 25 years. We will reflect upon several techniques including shared and distributed last-level caches (including data placement and coherence), cache Quality of Service (addressing interference between workloads), direct cache access (placing I/O data directly into CPU caches), and extending caching to off-die accelerators (CXL.cache). We will also outline potential future directions for cache research and development over the next 25 years.
Heteroligated Metallomacrocycles Generated via the Weak-Link Approach (2004)

Sequential reaction of two different hemilabile ligands (Ph(2)PCH(2)CH(2)X)(2)Ar (X = S, Ar = C(6)H(4) or C(6)(CH(3))(4); X = NCH(3), Ar = C(6)H(4); X = O, Ar = 9,10-C(14)H(8)) with a Rh(I) metal center resulted in the formation of heteroligated metallomacrocycles in high yield. The specific reaction conditions for each pair of hemilabile ligands are discussed. The solid-state structure of [[1,4-(Ph(2)PCH(2)CH(2)S)(2)C(6)H(4)]-[1,4-(Ph(2)PCH(2)CH(2)S)(2)C(6)(CH(3))(4)]Rh(2)](BF(4))(2), as determined by X-ray crystallography, is presented.
A Modified Cost Function Based Optical Tomography Reconstruction Algorithm Optimized for Finite-Elements Methods (2011)

In optical tomography, the optical properties of the medium under investigation are obtained through the minimization of an objective function. Generally, this function is expressed as a discrete sum of the square of the errors between measurements and predictions at the detectors. This paper introduces a continuous form of the objective function by taking the integral of the errors. The novelty is that the surfaces of the detectors are taken into account in the reconstruction and a compatibility is obtained for all finite element formulations (continuous and discontinuous). Numerical tests are used to compare the reconstructions with both objective functions. It is seen that the integral approach leads to low values of objective functions those reconstructions may be affected by rounding errors. Scaling of the objective function and its gradient shows that both methods give comparable accuracy with an advantage to the continuous approach where the integral acts as a filter of noise.
Time and the Brain: How Subjective Time Relates to Neural Time (2005)

Most of the actions our brains perform on a daily basis, such as perceiving, speaking, and driving a car, require timing on the scale of tens to hundreds of milliseconds. New discoveries in psychophysics, electrophysiology, imaging, and computational modeling are contributing to an emerging picture of how the brain processes, learns, and perceives time.
A continuous analysis technique for trace species in ice cores (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA continuous analysis technique for trace species in ice coresAndreas. Sigg, Katrin. Fuhrer, Martin. Anklin, Thomas. Staffelbach, and Daniel. ZurmuehleCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 2, 204–209Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00051a004https://doi.org/10.1021/es00051a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views351Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Networkmetrics unraveled: MBDA in Action (2019)

We propose networkmetrics, a new data-driven approach for monitoring, troubleshooting and understanding communication networks using multivariate analysis. Networkmetric models are powerful machine-learning tools to interpret and interact with data collected from a network. In this paper, we illustrate the application of Multivariate Big Data Analysis (MBDA), a recently proposed networkmetric method with application to Big Data sets. We use MBDA for the detection and troubleshooting of network problems in a campus-wide Wi-Fi network. Data includes a seven-year trace (from 2012 to 2018) of the network's most recent activity, with approximately 3,000 distinct access points, 40,000 authenticated users, and 600,000 distinct Wi-Fi stations. This is the longest and largest Wi-Fi trace known to date. To analyze this data, we propose learning and visualization procedures that extend MBDA. These procedures result in a methodology that allows network analysts to identify problems and diagnose and troubleshoot them, optimizing the network performance. In the paper, we go through the entire workflow of the approach, illustrating its application in detail and discussing processing times for parallel hardware.
Adsorption Thermodynamic Analysis of a Quartz Tuning Fork Based Sensor for Volatile Organic Compounds Detection (2017)

A volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) modified quartz tuning fork (QTF) has been developed. In this paper, the stability of the modified sensor as a function of the MIP composition, and the temperature effect of the analyte adsorption on the sensing transduction mechanism are evaluated. By mixing MIP and PS together, the stability was improved. A target analyte, o-xylene, was chosen as the VOC model to study the sensor response in a temperature range of 6-40 °C. Langmuir model fitted adsorption isotherms were used for thermodynamic analysis. The changes in the sensitivity of the QTF sensor to temperature rendered different behaviors. For a freshly modified QTF sensor, the adsorption response increased with increasing temperature, while for an aged QTF sensor, the adsorption response decreased with increasing temperature. The results indicated that the enthalpy change of the MIP and PS composition sensing material changes from positive to negative over the course of aging. The characterization of the reaction enabled the definition of sensor calibration conditions and stable sensor performance in field testing conditions.
Opportunistic Cooperative ARQ Transmission Scheme in Cellular Networks (2008)

In cellular networks, a mobile station (MS) may be located in the coverage hole or out of the coverage of the base station (BS). In such a scenario, one or more relay stations (RSs) can be used to facilitate the transmission. Here, a threshold- based opportunistic cooperative ARQ transmission scheme is proposed. Based on this scheme, the transmission between the BS and the MS can be separated into two parts: firstly, the transmission between BS and RSs (BS-RSs link) and secondly, the transmission between RSs and MS (RSs-MS link). The proposed scheme is different from the conventional ACK/NACK used for unicast transmission, in which two new types of ARQ messages are introduced for multicast transmission, namely, the relay-associated ACK/NACK (i.e., R-ACK/R-NACK) and the cooperative ACK/NACK (i.e., C-ACK/C-NACK), for BS-RSs link and RSs-MS link, respectively. A pre-defined threshold is applied to evaluate the reliability of the BS-RSs link. If the number of reliable RSs is larger than the threshold value, the reliable RSs will transmit the packet to the MS in a cooperative manner. Since reliable transmission exists in the BS-RSs link, the BS will release the packet and further transmission of this packet occurs only between reliable RSs and the MS. Therefore, the proposed scheme can reduce the latency of cellular networks and the processing burden on the BS as well as achieve higher throughput as shown in the performance analysis and simulation results.
Shear modulus is a good surrogate for total tissue pressure: Preliminary studies with a xenograft pancreatic cancer tumor model (2017)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a common and lethal disease, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 6%. The absence of a functional vasculature and the build-up of dense stromal regions impede drug delivery that prevents the disease from being eradicated, even when surgery is combined with chemotherapy. We hypothesize that real-time measurement of total tissue pressure, as related to cancer cell growth and drug delivery, will enable translational research into patient-specific therapies. Since no imaging methods can measure tissue pressure in vivo, we investigated the feasibility of using elastography to provide a surrogate measure of total tissue pressure. Specifically, we performed studies on orthotopically and subcutaneously grown xenograft tumors (n = 20) to assess how the shear modulus of naturally occurring AsPc-1 pancreatic tumors varies with stromal density. The results of this investigation revealed that there is 6 kPa difference between the shear modulus of orthotopically and subcutaneously grown tumors. A strong correlation was observed between the shear modulus of the extracellular matrix and tissue pressure measured with a pressure probe. We also observed good correlation between shear modulus and collagen density. These preliminary results demonstrate that elastography is a good imaging surrogate biomarker of total tissue pressure.
Neonatal Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination and Infections in the First Year of Life: The MIS BAIR Randomized Controlled Trial (2021)

Based on the findings of this trial, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of neonatal BCG vaccination to prevent LRTI in the first year of life in high-income settings.
Query Processing over Distributed Heterogeneous Sensor Networks in Future Internet: Scalable Architecture and Challenges (2010)

The wireless networked sensors embedded with everyday objects will become an integral part of Future Internet, where the interaction among people, computer and those objects will shift the current Internet to a new paradigm, namely the Internet of Things. The terabyte torrent of data generated by billions of sensors belonging to a large number of distributed heterogeneous sensor networks in Future Internet will only be valuable if they can be effectively used on purpose, which leads to the necessity of an Internet scale query processing framework. In this paper, firstly, we focus on the distinct challenges present in Internet scale query processing over distributed sensor networks. Then, we propose a flexible and scalable system architecture capable of handling the complex scenario that might arise from the integration of a large number of such networks in Future Internet. Finally, we discuss the overall query processing methodology over such system and present some directions on the possible solutions to a number of identified research challenges. The outcome of this paper would foster the sensor network research in Future Internet domain.
Genetic studies on Neisseria gonorrhoeae from disseminated gonococcal infections (1977)

Isolates from uncomplicated and disseminated gonococcal infections were analyzed by using deoxyribonucleic acid-mediated transformation. Most pairs of auxotrophs could recombine, producing independent transformants. When the constellation of arginine (Arg), hypoxanthine (Hyx), and uracil (Ura) requirements was present in donor and recipient, no recombination for these traits could be detected. Except for Arg to Hyx, no linkage between Arg, Hyx, Ura, penicillin G sensitivity, and serum resistance could be demonstrated. Some distant linkage of Ura to nalidixic acid and rifampin resistances was found. The data show that the traits associated with disseminated gonococcal infection strains are not closely linked but are identical in all strains, indicating a common origin.
14‐3‐3 Proteins Within the Hypothalamic‐Neurohypophyseal System of the Osmotically Stressed Rat: Transcriptomic and Proteomic Studies (2007)

The hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system (HNS) mediates neuroendocrine responses to dehydration through the actions of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin (VP) and the natriuetic peptide oxytocin (OT). VP and OT are synthesised as separate prepropeptide precursors in the cell bodies of magnocellular neurones in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus, the axons of which innervate the posterior pituitary gland (PP). Dehydration evokes a massive release of both peptides into the circulation, and this is accompanied by a function-related remodelling of the HNS. Microarray studies on mRNAs differentially expressed in the SON revealed that transcripts encoding the Ywhag and Ywhaz isoforms of the 14-3-3 family of regulatory proteins, are increased in the rat SON by 3 days of water deprivation; findings that we have confirmed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Because there is no necessary proportionality between transcript and protein abundance, we next examined Ywhag and Ywhaz translation products throughout the HNS in parallel with 14-3-3 post-translational modification, which is known to be an important determinant of functional activity. Both proteins are robustly expressed in the SON in VP- and OT-containing neurones, but the abundance of neither changes with dehydration. However, the total level of Ywhaz protein is increased in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary (NIL, which includes the PP), in parallel with a basic post-translationally modified isoform, suggesting transport from the cell bodies of the SON of newly-synthesised protein and changes in its activity. The level of an acidic, probably phosphorylated, Ywhag isoform is down-regulated in the SON by dehydration, although total levels are unchanged. Finally, based on the presence of a phosphorylated 14-3-3 binding motif, we have identified a 14-3-3 binding partner, proteasome subunit, beta type 7, in the NIL. Thus, we suggest that, through complex transcriptional, and post-translational processes, 14-3-3 proteins are involved in the regulation or mediation of HNS plasticity following dehydration.
Conformations of Anaesthetic Steroids: a1H and13C NMR Study of (2β,3α,5α)-2-[(2R)-Ethyl-4-morpholinyl]-3-hydroxypregnane-11,20-dione and(2β,3α,5α)-2-[(2S)-Ethyl-4-morpholinyl]-3-hydroxypregnane-11,20-dione. (1997)

The completely assigned 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the title diastereoisomers in solutions of CDCl3 and DMSO-d6 are reported. NOE experiments show that these molecules adopt specific conformations with no rotation about the C-2—N bond in either solvent. In CDCl3, ring A of the steroid is in a twist-boat conformation and an intramolecular hydrogen bond from the 3α-OH to the morpholine N acts as a conformational lock preventing rotation of the morpholine ring. In DMSO-d6 solutions, ring A of the steroid is in a chair conformation and van der Waals contacts with the 19-methyl group prevent free rotation of the morpholine ring. Molecular mechanics calculations produced four structures that account for the experimental data. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Summary of the Theory and Design Team Efforts for the Sandia Metamaterials Science and Technology Grand Challenge LDRD. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
12−μm-Pitch Electromechanical Resonator for Thermal Sensing (2018)

For sensing temperature by measuring infrared radiation (in $e.g.$ night-vision goggles), most often bolometers are used, but there is another, possibly even better way. The authors show how to use nanoelectromechanical resonators as pixels for thermal sensing, including a complete electrical transduction chain, and the anomalous phase noise that ultimately limits the technique. A low-temperature process enables integrated-circuit fabrication, for dense and inexpensive imager production, and several suggestions for tenfold improvement of temperature sensitivity could allow these devices to surpass today's detectors.