gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Fabrication of three-dimensional tapered polymeric waveguides using the compression-molding technique</title> (1998)

We report for the first time, 3D tapered polymeric waveguides fabricated by the compression-molding technique. The waveguides presented herein provide a feasible solution to bridge discrete optoelectronic devices having the apertures of a few microns to hundreds of microns. One-cm long tapered channel waveguides with the cross-sections of 5 micrometers X 5 micrometers at one end and 100 micrometers X 100 micrometers at the other end were fabricated. These waveguides have a propagation loss of 0.5 dB/cm when the 632.8 nm He-Ne laser light is coupled from the small end and of 1.1 dB/cm when coupled from the large end. By confining the energy to the fundamental mode, when coupling from large end to the small end, a low-loss packaging can be achieved bidirectionally.
Stylizing Ribbons: Computing Surface Contours With Temporally Coherent Orientations (2023)

Line work is a core element for the stylization of computer animations used by recent shows. However, existing stylization techniques are limited to edge treatments based on brush strokes or textures applied solely on top of curves. In this work, we propose new stylization effects by offering artists direct control over the inside and outside of surface contours. To this end, we introduce a method that creates ribbons, geometry strips of possibly varying width, that extrude from each side of the surface contour with temporally coherent orientations. Our contributions include the generation of spatially and temporally consistent normal orientations along visible contours and a trimming routine that converts arrangements of offset curves into ribbons free of intersections. We demonstrate the expressiveness and versatility of stylized ribbons by applying various effects on both character and shadow edges from animation sequences.
Optimal oblique light illumination for photoacoustic microscopy beyond the diffusion limit (2011)

To image beyond the quasi-ballistic photon regime, photoacoustic tomography systems must rely on diffuse photons; however, there still exists an optimal illumination pattern that results in the largest number of photons reaching a target at a given depth. Many photoacoustic imaging systems incorporate weak optical focusing through oblique or dark-field illumination, but these systems are not often optimized for deep light delivery. Multiple parameters and constraints, particularly for in vivo imaging, need to be considered to determine the optimal illumination scheme for a given system: beam diameter, incident angle, pulse repetition rate, laser fluence, and target depth. Monte Carlo simulations of varied beam geometries and incident angles show the best optical illumination schemes for different imaging depths. Further an analytic model based on the diffusion theory provides a rapid method of determining the optimal beam size and incident angle for a given target depth and agrees well with the simulations. The results reveal the most efficient optical focal position to maximize the number of photons delivered to a target depth, therein maximizing the PA signal. The principles and results discussed here are not limited to the system investigated, but can be applied to other system configurations to improve the photoacoustic signal strength.
Abstract 3609: RAD140, a selective androgen receptor modulator, has a differentiated mechanism of action in AR/ER positive breast cancers (2017)

Abstract Recent studies have shown that the androgen receptor (AR) is widely expressed across all subtypes of breast cancer, with AR detected in 75-95% of estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumors. Prior to the development of ER-targeted therapy, androgens were used to treat breast cancers with favorable clinical responses. The lack of tissue-selectivity and understanding of mechanism of action of classic androgens led to its declined use in this disease. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are a class of molecules developed as tissue selective non-steroidal androgens that modulate AR signaling. However, the effect of SARMs on AR signaling in breast cancer cells is not well understood. RAD140 is an orally available SARM with potent anabolic activity in muscle and bone but a highly attenuated effect in seminal vesicles and prostate. Its efficacy is being evaluated in in vivo xenograft models of AR/ER+ breast cancer. To further our understanding of the mechanism of action of RAD140 in breast cancer cells, we examined the effects of RAD140 on AR and ER signaling pathways. The specificity and selectivity of RAD140 were examined using competitive binding assays for AR, ER, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and progesterone receptor (PR), and using an AR reporter assay in AR/ER+ ZR-75 breast cancer cells and LNCaP prostate cancer cells. RAD140 was found to bind AR with high affinity and specificity, with 250-fold target selectivity over the next nuclear receptor PR. The AR reporter assay results demonstrated a potent AR agonist activity of RAD140 in ZR-75 breast cancer cells but not in LNCaP prostate cancer cells, in contrast to the full agonist activity of DHT seen in both cell types. RAD140 treatment led to substantial tumor growth inhibition in AR/ER+ breast cancer xenografts. Samples of RAD140-treated xenografts were analyzed by immunocytochemistry, western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate the modulation of AR and ER pathways. It was found that the expression of known AR target genes including KLK2, FKBP5 and the tumor suppressor gene, ZBTB16, were potently induced in RAD140-treated tumors. Furthermore, RAD140 led to substantial suppression of known ER target genes including progesterone receptor (PR), TFF1 and GREB1. In conclusion, RAD140 is a potent tissue-selective AR agonist in AR/ER+ breast cancer cells with robust activation of AR targets genes, and a unique mechanism of action that leads to the suppression of ER signaling, and marked anti-tumor activity. Citation Format: Ziyang Yu, Suqin He, Dannie Wang, Jeffrey Brown, Jamal Saeh, Gary Hattersley. RAD140, a selective androgen receptor modulator, has a differentiated mechanism of action in AR/ER positive breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3609. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3609
Generating orbital angular momentum modes in a fiber with a central square and a ring profile (2011)

We propose a novel fiber converting input circular polarized light to orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. We show the generation of up to 8 OAM modes with 30-dB extinction ratio and mode purity of >96.4% using &#60;10-mm-long fiber.
The Hidden Authenticators: Nanometer-Scale Electromechanical Tags Could Thwart Counterfeiters (2021)

What's the largest criminal enterprise in the world? Narcotics? Gambling? Human trafficking? Nope. The biggest racket is the production and trade of counterfeit goods, which is expected to exceed US $1 trillion next year. You've probably suffered from it more than once yourself, purchasing on Amazon or eBay what you thought was a brand-name item only to discover that it was an inferior-quality counterfeit.
Relationships between neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive profiles in Alzheimer's disease and related syndromes (2023)

The younger group with ADRD and NPS had lower cognitive scores, probably reflecting more aggressive neurodegenerative disease. Further work will be needed to elicit the degree to which imaging or mechanistic abnormalities distinguish this group.
Hydration health literacy in the elderly (2017)

Overall, our study demonstrated that there were significant deficiencies in hydration health literacy among elderly. Appropriate education and attention to hydration may improve quality of life, reduce hospitalizations and the economic burden related to hydration-associated morbidity and mortality.
Optical Nonlinearities in All-Dielectric Metasurfaces (2018)

Subwavelength all-dielectric metasurfaces are well-known to support strongly localized Mie-type modes. In this work we show our results on nonlinear optical frequency mixing enhanced by magnetic and electric dipole modes in GaAs metasurfaces. By pumping the semiconductor metasurface with two 45-fs laser pulses, we were able to generate eleven new frequencies simultaneously. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate that the improvement of the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear processes can be achieved by utilizing out-of-plane Mie resonances in the metasurface using broken-symmetry design nanoresonators.
Synthetic elevation beamforming and image acquisition capabilities using an 8 /spl times/ 128 1.75D array (2003)

Ultrasound imaging can be improved with higher order arrays through elevation dynamic focusing in future, higher channel count systems. However, modifications to current system hardware could yield increased imaging depth-of-field with 1.75D arrays (arrays with individually addressable elements, several rows in elevation) through the use of synthetic elevation imaging. We describe synthetic elevation beamforming methods and its implementation with our 8 x 128, 1.75D array (Tetrad Co., Englewood, CO). This array has been successfully interfaced with a Siemens Elegra scanner for summed RF and single channel RF data acquisition. Individual rows of the 8 x 128 array can be controlled, allowing for different aperture configurations on transmit and receive beamforming. Advantages of using this array include finer elevation sampling, a larger array footprint for aberration measurements, and elevation focusing. We discuss system tradeoffs that occur in implementing synthetic receive and synthetic transmit/receive elevation focusing and show significant image quality improvements in simulation and phantom data results.
Estrogen receptors colocalize with low-affinity nerve growth factor receptors in cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain. (1992)

The rodent and primate basal forebrain is a target of a family of endogenous peptide signaling molecules, the neurotrophins--nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin 3--and of the gonadal steroid hormone estrogen, both of which have been implicated in cholinergic function. To investigate whether or not these ligands may act on the same neurons in the developing and adult rodent basal forebrain, we combined autoradiography with 125I-labeled estrogen and either nonisotopic in situ hybridization histochemistry or immunohistochemistry. We now report colocalization of intranuclear estrogen binding sites with the mRNA and immunoreactive protein for the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor, which binds all three neurotrophins, and for the cholinergic marker enzyme choline acetyltransferase (acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.6). Colocalization of estrogen and low-affinity nerve growth factor receptors implies that their ligands may act on the same neuron, perhaps synergistically, to regulate the expression of specific genes or gene networks that may influence neuronal survival, differentiation, regeneration, and plasticity. That cholinergic neurons in brain regions subserving cognitive functions may be regulated not only by the neurotrophins but also by estrogen may have considerable relevance for the development and maintenance of neural substrates of cognition. If estrogen-neurotrophin interactions are important for survival of target neurons, then clinical conditions associated with estrogen deficiency could contribute to the atrophy or death of these neurons. These findings have implications for the subsequent decline in those differentiated neural functions associated with aging and Alzheimer disease.
Performance analysis of parallel processing systems (1988)

A bulk arrival M/sup x//M/c queuing system is used to model a centralized parallel processing system with job splitting. In such a system, jobs wait in a central queue, which is accessible by all the processors, and are split into independent tasks that can be executed on separate processors. The job response-time consists of three components: queuing delay, service time, and synchronization delay. An expression for the mean job response-time is obtained for this centralized parallel-processing system. Centralized and distributed parallel-processing systems (with and without job-splitting) are considered and their performances compared. Furthermore, the effects of parallelism and overheads due to job-splitting are investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Improved reproducibility of reverse‐phase protein microarrays using array microenvironment normalization (2009)

We introduce a novel experimental methodology for the reverse-phase protein microarray platform which reduces the typical measurement CV as much as 70%. The methodology, referred to as array microenvironment normalization, increases the statistical power of the platform. In the experiment, it enabled the detection of a 1.1-fold shift in prostate specific antigen concentration using approximately six technical replicates rather than the 37 replicates previously required. The improved reproducibility and statistical power should facilitate clinical implementation of the platform.
Data from Efficient Tumor Clearance and Diversified Immunity through Neoepitope Vaccines and Combinatorial Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Progressive tumor growth is associated with deficits in the immunity generated against tumor antigens. Vaccines targeting tumor neoepitopes have the potential to address qualitative defects; however, additional mechanisms of immune failure may underlie tumor progression. In such cases, patients would benefit from additional immune-oncology agents targeting potential mechanisms of immune failure. This study explores the identification of neoepitopes in the MC38 colon carcinoma model by comparison of tumor to normal DNA and tumor RNA sequencing technology, as well as neoepitope delivery by both peptide- and adenovirus-based vaccination strategies. To improve antitumor efficacies, we combined the vaccine with a group of rationally selected immune-oncology agents. We utilized an IL15 superagonist to enhance the development of antigen-specific immunity initiated by the neoepitope vaccine, PD-L1 blockade to reduce tumor immunosuppression, and a tumor-targeted IL12 molecule to facilitate T-cell function within the tumor microenvironment. Analysis of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes demonstrated this multifaceted treatment regimen was required to promote the influx of CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells and enhance the expression of transcripts relating to T-cell activation/effector function. Tumor-targeted IL12 resulted in a marked increase in clonality of T-cell repertoire infiltrating the tumor, which when sculpted with the addition of either a peptide or adenoviral neoepitope vaccine promoted efficient tumor clearance. In addition, the neoepitope vaccine induced the spread of immunity to neoepitopes expressed by the tumor but not contained within the vaccine. These results demonstrate the importance of combining neoepitope-targeting vaccines with a multifaceted treatment regimen to generate effective antitumor immunity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Phase I trial of fractionated-dose 177lutetium radiolabeled anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) monoclonal antibody J591 (177Lu-J591) in patients (pts) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (metCRPC). (2010)

4667 Background: A phase II trial of single-dose 177Lu-J591 radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in pts with metCRPC demonstrated efficacy with acceptable toxicity and an apparent dose-response relationship [Tagawa et al, ASCO 2008]. Dose fractionation of RIT may decrease toxicity while maintaining or increasing efficacy [DeNardo et al, 2002]. Methods: In this phase I study, cohorts of 3-6 pts with progressive metCRPC received 2 fractionated doses of 177Lu - J591 2 weeks apart: Cohort 1 (20 mCi/m2 x2), dose escalation 5 mCi/m2 per dose per cohort up to 45 mCi/m2 x2. The primary endpoint is to determine dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and the cumulative maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of fractionated 177Lu -J591 RIT and secondary endpoints of efficacy; 177Lu-J591 scans with semi-quantitative scoring were performed. Results: 27 pts have been enrolled, receiving up to 45 mCi/m2 x2 (highest anticipated dose). Median age is 71 (range 57-86), median baseline PSA 47.7 (2 – 517.3). 89% had bone mets and 48% extra-osseous visceral mets (lung, liver). All pts had progressed after 1-3 hormonal therapies and 37% progressed on 1-4 lines of chemotherapy including docetaxel. Despite achieving cumulative doses exceeding the single-dose maximum tolerated dose (70 mCi/m2, a dose at which 40% require platelet transfusions), to date only 3 pts experienced Gr 4 thrombocytopenia (1 requiring a transfusion). 2 pts experienced Gr 4 neutropenia without fever; no growth factors were needed. There has been no Gr >1 non-heme toxicity or DLT to date. Targeting of known sites of PC metastases was seen in the majority of pts. 9 of 22 (41%) evaluable pts thus far have experienced PSA declines. Conclusions: Fractionated dose 177Lu-J591 is well tolerated, with reversible myelosuppression. With dose-fractionation, pts are able to tolerate higher cumulative doses than with single-dose 177Lu-J591. Building upon these data, a phase I fractionated-dose 177Lu-J591 plus docetaxel study has begun enrollment, utilizing improved tolerability of fractionated dose RIT plus the radiosensitizing and debulking properties of docetaxel. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration BLZ Biologics
Understanding static, dynamic and cooperative porosity in molecular materials (2016)

The practical adsorption properties of molecular porous solids can be dominated by dynamic flexibility but these effects are still poorly understood. Here, we combine molecular simulations and experiments to rationalize the adsorption behavior of a flexible porous organic cage.
Nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor on rat glial cell lines. Evidence for NGF internalization via p75NGFR. (1992)

Two types of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors have been described: high affinity (class I) and low affinity (class II). Biological responses to NGF are thought to be mediated by class I receptors, whereas the role of class II receptors is less clear. While some neuronal cells express both receptor types, only class II receptors have been detected on glial cells. Two glial cell lines, peripheral Schwannoma D6P2T and central 33B glioma cells, were employed to investigate the properties of class II receptors in the absence of class I receptors. These cell lines were found to express NGF receptors identified as class II by a low nanomolar dissociation constant, rapid dissociation kinetics at 4 degrees C, and trypsin sensitivity. The receptor was found to bind brain-derived neurotrophic factor with similar affinity as NGF. The responsible binding molecule appeared in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a heterogeneously glycosylated protein of 60-80 kDa with a tendency to aggregate. All receptor bands affinity-labeled with radioiodinated NGF were immunoprecipitated with anti-p75NGFR antibody, but not with anti-p140prototrk antiserum. In these cells, which express p75NGFR as only NGF receptor, a time- and temperature-dependent appearance of a nondisplaceable, trypsin-resistant, acid wash-stable ligand fraction, followed by an increase of trichloroacetic acid-soluble radiolabel in the medium was observed. This sequestration resembled receptor-mediated internalization with subsequent degradation of NGF. Whether this ligand processing indicates a functional role of p75NGFR in glial cells remains to be shown.
Mutation Scanning and Genotyping in Plants by High‐Resolution DNA Melting (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Methods and Protocols Applications Perspectives References
Nucleotide coronary vasodilation in guinea pig hearts (2003)

The role of P1 receptors and P2Y1 receptors in coronary vasodilator responses to adenine nucleotides was examined in the isolated guinea pig heart. Bolus arterial injections of nucleotides were made in hearts perfused at constant pressure. Peak increase in flow was measured before and after addition of purinoceptor antagonists. Both the P1 receptor antagonist 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline and adenosine deaminase inhibited adenosine vasodilation. AMP-induced vasodilation was inhibited by P1 receptor blockade but not by adenosine deaminase or by the selective P2Y1 antagonist N6-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate (MRS 2179). ADP-induced vasodilation was moderately inhibited by P1 receptor blockade and greatly inhibited by combined P1 and P2Y1 blockade. ATP-induced vasodilation was antagonized by P1 blockade but not by adenosine deaminase. Addition of P2Y1 blockade to P1 blockade shifted the ATP dose-response curve further rightward. It is concluded that in this preparation ATP-induced vasodilation results primarily from AMP stimulation of P1 receptors, with a smaller component from ATP or ADP acting on P2Y1 receptors. ADP-induced vasodilation is largely due to P2Y1 receptors, with a smaller contribution by AMP or adenosine acting via P1 receptors. AMP responses are mediated solely by P1 receptors. Adenosine contributes very little to vasodilation resulting from bolus intracoronary injections of ATP, ADP, or AMP.
Conidial Viability Assay for Rapid Susceptibility Testing of Aspergillus Species (2002)

Antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi has become more important given the recognition of drug-resistant organisms and the availability of therapies other than amphotericin B (AMB). As current microdilution and E-test methods are limited by a 2 to 3 day incubation time required to obtain results, a more rapid method for susceptibility testing of fungi is needed. We report here a flow cytometric assay that relies on conidial metabolism of the viability dye FUN-1. Conidia are incubated in media containing increasing concentrations of AMB for 3 h, exposed to FUN-1, and then analyzed by flow cytometry. Relative susceptibility to AMB can be measured both by forward and side scatter characteristics of the conidial population and by mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the dye. MIC, calculated as the concentration of AMB to yield 90% reduction in MFI relative to growth controls, was determined for 27 clinical isolates Aspergillus species and correlated well with the standard (i.e., NCCLS) method. The results of these studies illustrate a method by which AMB susceptibility can be rapidly and reproducibly determined by measuring conidial viability.
Palladium‐Mediated Annulation of Vinyl Aziridines with Michael Acceptors: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Substituted Pyrrolidines and Its Application in a Formal Synthesis of (−)‐α‐Kainic Acid (2011)

Just add salt: Vinyl aziridines have been treated with methyl vinyl ketone or ethyl thioacrylate in the presence of Pd0 to give pyrrolidines with moderate to good diastereoselectivity. The presence of nBu4NCl was critical to successful annulation. The synthetic utility of the methodology has been demonstrated in a short (formal) synthesis of (−)-α-kainic acid. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.