gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bitter substances from plants used in traditional Chinese medicine exert biased activation of human bitter taste receptors (2017)

The number and variety of bitter compounds originating from plants are vast. Whereas some bitter chemicals are toxic and should not be ingested, other compounds exhibit health beneficial effects, which is manifest in the cross-cultural believe that the bitterness of medicine is correlated with the desired medicinal activity. The bitter taste receptors in the oral cavity serve as sensors for bitter compounds and, as they are expressed in numerous extraoral tissues throughout the body, may also be responsible for some physiological effects exerted by bitter compounds. Chinese herbal medicine uses bitter herbs since ancient times for the treatment of various diseases; however, the routes by which these herbs modify physiology are frequently not well understood. We therefore screened 26 bitter substances extracted from medical herbs for the activation of the 25 human bitter taste receptors. We identified six receptors activated by in total 17 different bitter compounds. Interestingly, we observed a bias in bitter taste receptor activation with 10 newly identified agonists for the broadly tuned receptor TAS2R46, seven agonists activating the TAS2R14 and two compounds activating narrowly tuned receptors, suggesting that these receptors play dominant roles in the evaluation and perhaps physiological activities of Chinese herbal medicines.
Spacing loss in perpendicular recording. (1988)

The relationship of the reproduced voltage and spacing in perpendicular recording is studied experimentally and analytically. Experimental results are obtained with a scale model of perpendicular recording enlarged 5,000 times, which simulates a single pole head and double layer medium system. In the analysis of the relation we extend Lopez's method to include the effect of the potential variation near the top of the main pole related to the variation of spacing. We obtained good agreement between experimental and analytical results.
Plasma Human Pancreatic Polypeptide Responses to Administered Secretin: Effects of Surgical Vagotomy, Cholinergic Blockade, and Chronic Pancreatitis* (1980)

We have studied the effects of secretin on human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) secretion. Intravenous infusions of 0.1, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 clinical U secretin/kg BW given over 2 min at 30-min intervals caused rapid increases in hPP concentration t o peaks (mean ± SE) of 322 ± 37, 591 ±78, 720 ± 82, and 780 ± 103 pg/ml, respectively, from a basal level of 121 ± 58 pg/ml. The responses to these doses were not different when the secretin was given on different days, nor was there augmentation or diminution of response when four doses of 0.5 U/kg secretin were given sequentially at 30-min intervals. The hPP response to maximal stimulation (2 U/kg) with purified gastrointestinal hormone secretin was equivalent to that of crude Boots secretin. Vagotomy, which abolished the hPP and acid secretory response to hypoglycemia, failed to modify hPP responses to secretin, while atropine abolished it entirely in both healthy subjects and vagotomized patients, indicating a nonvagal cholinergic mechanism modulating the secretin-induced hPP release. In patients with chronic pancreatitis, there was an impaired hPP response to secretin (188 ± 143 us. 498 ± 104 in age-, sex-, and weight-matched control subjects), suggesting a reduced effective PP cell mass. The hPP response to secretin may provide a useful test of endocrine pancreatic function.
Color temperature tunable white light based on monolithic color-tunable light emitting diodes (2019)

A color-temperature tunable white light-emitting diode (LED) based on a newly developed monolithic color-tunable LED structure was demonstrated. The color-tunable LED structure consists of three different sets of quantum wells separated by intermediate carrier blocking layers that can independently emit visible lights from 460 to 650 nm under different injection currents. To generate white light, the color-tunable LED is operated under pulsed conditions with each pulse consisting of multiple steps of different current amplitudes and widths emitting different colors. The combined spectrum of different colors is aimed to mimic that of the blackbody radiation light source. The pulse rate is designed to be higher than the human eye response rate, so the human eye will not discern the emission of successive colors but a singular emission of white light. Results of a two-step pulse design show this method is able to generate white light from 2700 K - 6500 K. Moreover, their color coordinates fall within the 4-step MacAdam ellipses about the Planckian locus while achieving the Color Rendering Index (CRI) in the 80-90 range. Finally, simulations show improvement of CRI into the 90-100 range is possible with further optimization to the color-tunable LED spectral emission and use of three-step pulses.
Small Molecule-Based Promotion of PKCα-Mediated β-Catenin Degradation Suppresses the Proliferation of CRT-Positive Cancer Cells (2012)

Aberrant accumulation of intracellular β-catenin is a well recognized characteristic of several cancers, including prostate, colon, and liver cancers, and is a potential target for development of anticancer therapeutics. Here, we used cell-based small molecule screening to identify CGK062 as an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CGK062 promoted protein kinase Cα (PKCα)-mediated phosphorylation of β-catenin at Ser33/Ser37, marking it for proteasomal degradation. This reduced intracellular β-catenin levels and consequently antagonized β-catenin response transcription (CRT). Pharmacological inhibition or depletion of PKCα abrogated CGK062-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of β-catenin. In addition, CGK062 repressed the expression of the genes encoding cyclin D1, c-myc, and axin-2, β-catenin target genes, and thus inhibited the growth of CRT-positive cancer cells. Furthermore, treatment of nude mice bearing PC3 xenograft tumors with CGK062 at doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg (i.p.) significantly suppressed tumor growth. Our findings suggest that CGK062 exerts its anticancer activity by promoting PKCα-mediated β-catenin phosphorylation/degradation. Therefore, CGK062 has significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of CRT-positive cancers.
Scalable Multicast for Live 360-Degree Video Streaming Over Mobile Networks (2022)

Thanks to its ability to provide immersive experience to users, 360-degree video has become one of the key enablers of Virtual Reality. However, the huge data size of 360-degree video poses a challenging problem for live streaming of this special type of video over resource-constrained networks. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for live 360-degree video streaming to multiple users over mobile networks. Our proposed framework jointly utilizes Scalable Video Coding and multicast to deliver 360 video to users in a bandwidth-efficient manner. In particular, 360-degree video is split into small parts called tiles, each is encoded into multiple layers using Scalable Video Encoding. The proposed framework then selects suitable tile layers to maximize the overall Quality of Experience of all users. To support real-time adaptation, we design a Linear Regression-based algorithm to estimate the weights of tiles of individual users. In addition, an efficient algorithm for deciding the suitable tile layers and their transmission modes is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the average viewport quality compared to state-of-the-art methods.
The effects of dietary fatty acids on bone, hematopoietic marrow and marrow adipose tissue in a murine model of senile osteoporosis (2019)

<b>Purpose:</b> Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) expansion and associated lipotoxicity are important drivers of age-related bone loss and hematopoietic bone marrow (HBM) atrophy. Fish oil and borage oil (rich in ω3 fatty acids) can partially prevent aged-related bone loss in SAMP8 mice. However, whether preservation of bone mass in this progeria model is associated with MAT volumes remains unknown.<b>Results:</b> MAT volume fraction (MAT%) showed a negative association with hematopoietic bone marrow (HBM%;r=-0.836, <i>p</i><0.001) and bone (bone%;r=-0.344, <i>p</i>=0.013) volume fractions.Adjusting for multiple comparisons, bone% was higher and MAT% was lower in Fish oil (FO)-supplemented groups vs. controls (<i>p</i><0.001). HBM% did not differ significantly between the four groups. However, in the group supplemented with FO, HBM comprised higher fractions and MAT constituted lower fractions of total marrow vs. controls (p<0.001).<b>Conclusion:</b> Feeding FO-enriched diet prevented age-related bone and HBM loss, by reducing MAT expansion. Our results further emphasize on the role(s) of MAT expansion in bone and HBM atrophy.<b>Methods:</b> SAMP8 mice (n>9 /group) were allocated into 4 categories and fed a control ration, FO-, sunflower oil (SFO)- and borage oil-enriched diets for lifetime. Femurs were scanned using microcomputed tomography (μCT) and bone, MAT, and HBM volumes were determined using an image analysis software.
Trends in Energy Intensity in Australian Industry (2008)

The Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism commissioned ABARE to undertake a study investigating energy intensity trends in Australian industry. The analysis was conducted at the national level for different energy consuming industrial and services sectors over the period 1989- 90 to 2005-06. The analysis covers five major sectors of Australian industry including manufacturing, services, agriculture, mining and construction. For the manufacturing and services sectors, the analysis is also undertaken at the subsectoral level. The objective of this study is to distinguish between different factors affecting the amount of energy consumed. This is done by using a `factorisation technique, a method that decomposes a change in energy use over time into an activity effect, a structural effect and a real intensity effect.
L'expédition aux Antilles de La Belle Angélique (1796-1798) (2010)

http://www.editions-universite-bruxelles.be/fiche/view/2643
ChemInform Abstract: Monophos Ligands: More than Asymmetric Hydrogenation (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hierarchization of USY Zeolite by NH4OH. A Postsynthetic Process Investigated by NMR and XRD (2014)

Ammonia treatment of USY zeolite has led to a new hierarchical material. The local and global structural changes during the transformation have been monitored by XRD and by 1H, 29Si, and 27Al solid-state NMR. A wealth of 1D and 2D NMR protocols were applied, including 1H DQ–SQ (double-quantum–single-quantum), 27Al MQMAS (multiple-quantum magic angle spinning), 29Si MAS (magic angle spinning) and CPMAS (cross-polarization magic angle spinning), and 1H–29Si HETCOR (heteronuclear correlation). The effects of aqueous ammonia treatment, different thermal post-treatments, and rehydration were studied. An increasing loss of crystallinity was observed upon increasing duration of ammonia treatment. Under the experimental conditions, a few percent of silica was lost into solution and no loss of aluminum was observed. However, increasing numbers of silanol groups were detected. The progressive transformation induces formation of mesopores, reduction of the fraction of the sample exhibiting Bragg crystallinity, and apparition of a dense, amorphous aluminosilicate phase. The latter contains ammonium ions and strongly bound water, both of which are resistant to thermal decomposition up to 350 °C. After about 24 h of treatment, the zeolite fraction is completely transformed into the amorphous phase. At intermediate stages, a complex hierarchical material is obtained with mesopores and zeolitic micropores next to a dense amorphous aluminosilicate, containing ammonium ions, highly structured water, and silanol nests.
Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma: a concise review of contemporary issues (2012)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. Due to differences in the prevalence of viral hepatitis, the incidence of HCC in low and middle income countries is much higher than that of high income countries. Strategies to limit the impact of HCC include primary prevention against new cases of viral hepatitis, secondary prevention of HCC in susceptible individuals, and early HCC detection. Universal hepatitis B vaccination has resulted in dramatic reduction in incident cases of chronic hepatitis B and HCC in children and adolescents, and the full effect is expected in the next 20 years. The key hurdle for universal vaccination is the cost and the accessibility in low and middle income countries. Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses showed that successful treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C can reduce the risk of HCC and cirrhotic complications. HCC surveillance by regular ultrasound examination and alpha fetoprotein testing leads to early cancer detection and offers the opportunity for curative treatment. Since all these measures are costly and require manpower and infrastructure support, the implementation should rely on the liaison among healthcare providers and policymakers. The cost-effectiveness of various strategies should also be studied based on local situations.
An Efficient Protocol for the Preparation of MOM Ethers and Their Deprotection Using Zirconium(IV) Chloride. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Historical View of the Design and Development of Nanocarriers for Overcoming Biological Barriers (2012)

Despite the fact that the first nanocarriers described in the literature were discovered by serendipity, the search for ways to overcome biological barriers has been the major driving force for the significant development of nanocarriers over the last decades.1,2 The barriers that drugs need to conf...
Amorphous silicon 7 bit digital to analog converter on PEN (2010)

A 7-bit switched capacitor D/A converter (DAC) is built using only n-channel amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film transistors (TFT) and capacitors. The circuit is built on both plastic and glass using a low temperature process, compatible with flexible plastic substrates. The measurements show excellent characteristics, achieving a DNL of less than ±0.6 LSB and INL of less than ±1 LSB without calibration, at a conversion rate of 500 Hz.
Pre-Lithiation of Li(Ni1-x-yMnxCoy)O2 Materials Enabling Enhancement of Performance for Li-Ion Battery (2016)

Transition metal oxide materials Li(NixMnyCoz)O2 (NMCxyz) based on layered structure are potential cathode candidates for automotive Li-ion batteries because of their high specific capacities and operating potentials. However, the actual usable capacity, cycling stability, and first-cycle Coulombic efficiency remain far from practical. Previously, we reported a combined strategy consisting of depolarization with embedded carbon nanotube (CNT) and activation through pre-lithiation of the NMC host, which significantly improved the reversible capacity and cycling stability of NMC532-based material. In the present work we attempt to understand how pre-lithiation leads to these improvements on an atomic level with experimental investigation and ab initio calculations. By lithiating a series of NMC materials with varying chemical compositions prepared via a conventional approach, we identified the Ni in the NMC lattice as the component responsible for accommodating a double-layered Li structure. Specifically, much better improvements in the cycling stability and capacity can be achieved with the NMC lattices populated with Ni(3+) than those populated with only Ni(2+). Using the XRD we also found that the emergence of a double-layer Li structure is not only reversible during the pre-lithiation and the following delithiation, but also stable against elevated temperatures up to 320 °C. These new findings regarding the mechanism of pre-lithiation as well as how it affects the reversibility and stability of NMC-based cathode materials prepared by the conventional slurry approach will promote the possibility of their application in the future battery industry.
Fusion 360 Gallery: A Dataset and Environment for Programmatic CAD Reconstruction (2021)

Parametric computer-aided design (CAD) is a standard paradigm used for the design of manufactured objects. CAD designers perform modeling operations, such as sketch and extrude, to form a construction sequence that makes up a final design. Despite the pervasiveness of parametric CAD and growing interest from the research community, a dataset of human designed 3D CAD construction sequences has not been available to-date. In this paper we present the Fusion 360 Gallery reconstruction dataset and environment for learning CAD reconstruction. We provide a dataset of 8,625 designs, comprising sequential sketch and extrude modeling operations, together with a complementary environment called the Fusion 360 Gym, to assist with performing CAD reconstruction. We outline a standard CAD reconstruction task, together with evaluation metrics, and present results from a novel method using neurally guided search to recover a construction sequence from a target geometry.
PMAA: A Progressive Multi-scale Attention Autoencoder Model for High-performance Cloud Removal from Multi-temporal Satellite Imagery (2023)

Satellite imagery analysis plays a pivotal role in remote sensing; however, information loss due to cloud cover significantly impedes its application. Although existing deep cloud removal models have achieved notable outcomes, they scarcely consider contextual information. This study introduces a high-performance cloud removal architecture, termed Progressive Multi-scale Attention Autoencoder (PMAA), which concurrently harnesses global and local information to construct robust contextual dependencies using a novel Multi-scale Attention Module (MAM) and a novel Local Interaction Module (LIM). PMAA establishes long-range dependencies of multi-scale features using MAM and modulates the reconstruction of fine-grained details utilizing LIM, enabling simultaneous representation of fine- and coarse-grained features at the same level. With the help of diverse and multi-scale features, PMAA consistently outperforms the previous state-of-the-art model CTGAN on two benchmark datasets. Moreover, PMAA boasts considerable efficiency advantages, with only 0.5% and 14.6% of the parameters and computational complexity of CTGAN, respectively. These comprehensive results underscore PMAA's potential as a lightweight cloud removal network suitable for deployment on edge devices to accomplish large-scale cloud removal tasks. Our source code and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/XavierJiezou/PMAA.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Polyelectrolyte Multilayering on a Charged Particle (2005)

Molecular dynamics simulations of polyelectrolyte multilayering on a charged spherical particle revealed that the sequential adsorption of oppositely charged flexible polyelectrolytes proceeds with surface charge reversal and highlighted electrostatic interactions as the major driving force of layer deposition. Far from being completely immobilized, multilayers feature a constant surge of chain intermixing during the deposition process, consistent with experimental observations of extensive interlayer mixing in these films. The formation of multilayers as well as the extent of layer intermixing depends on the degree of polymerization of the polyelectrolyte chains and the fraction of charge on its backbone. The presence of ionic pairs between oppositely charged macromolecules forming layers seems to play an important role in stabilizing the multilayer film.
The effects of forced oscillations on the performance of airfoils (1993)

The effects of oscillatory blowing emanating from a leading edge of a flapped NACA 0015 airfoil are discussed and compared to similar experiments carried out on the Same airfoil when the blowing emanated from the flapshoulder located at 75% of the chord. The purpose of these experiments was to improve our understanding of the obselvations made earlier and to establish a proper scaling of the variables involved. By moving the blowing location from the flapshoulder to the leading edge, the primary distance used in scaling the wave-length of the oscillations was increased four fold but the reduced frequency based on this distance was unchanged. The actual frequencies imposed at identical Reynolds numbers were thus 4 times lower. Neither coarse roughness strips, placed near the leading edge of the airfoil, nor an eight fold increase of Reynolds number had any significant effect on the benefits derived from the forced oscillations or on the most effective reduced frequency. Oscillatory blowing from the leading edge of a flapped airfoil, however, is not as effective as the same blowing applied to the flapshoulder from which the flow separates in the absence of active control. The possible interactions among the characteristics of the upstream boundary layer, the pressure gradient and the imposed oscillations were also investigated on a large deflected surface simulating the flow over a generic flap. The excitation was done by a mechanically actuated ribbon (flaperon) calibrated in terms of an oscillatory, input momentum coefficient. The absence of circuiation and flow over the lower surface (as is the case around the airfoil). made the analysis of the flow simpler and enabled one to isolate the leading parameters governing the flow. It was observed that the size of the separation bubble, originating above the flap shoulder and spanning most of the flapchord at high deflection angles. was greatly reduced and even eliminated by the imposed periodic motion. The magnitude of the normal force coefficient and the moment coefficient about the hinge serve as a measure of the flow attachment.
Intelligent Automated Workload Analysis for Database Replatforming (2022)

Performing a detailed workload analysis is a crucial step in determining the feasibility, timeline and cost of a major data warehouse replatforming project, i.e., migration from one platform to another. A large company's data warehouse applications may include millions of queries, some of which will use features that are unsupported or have different semantics in the new warehouse, or may have poor performance there.
‘Expect Great Things From God …’: The Expansion of Dissent, 1791–1851 (1995)

The contrasting attitudes of rational Dissenters and Evangelical Nonconformists were exemplified by the differing purposes of two of their representatives who journeyed to France in the early years of the revolution. In the spring of 1790 William Taylor, the future literary critic, German scholar and friend of Robert Southey, was a twenty-four-year-old member of Norwich's Unitarian Octagon meeting. His father, also named William Taylor, was a wealthy Unitarian textile manufacturer and secretary of Norwich's Revolution Society. On 7 May 1790 the younger Taylor sailed to France with letters of introduction from Richard Price to the Due de la Rochefoucauld and with the intention of listening to the debates in the National Assembly.
Conformal Invariance in Two-Dimensional Ising Spin Glasses (2006)

We present numerical evidence that the techniques of conformal field theory might be applicable to two-dimensional Ising spin glasses with Gaussian bond distributions. It is shown that certain domain wall distributions in one geometry can be related to that in a second geometry by a conformal transformation. We also present direct evidence that the domain walls are stochastic Loewner (SLE) processes with $\kappa \approx 2.1$. An argument is given that their fractal dimension $d_f$ is related to their interface energy exponent $\theta$ by $d_f-1=3/[4(3+\theta)]$, which is consistent with the commonly quoted values $d_f \approx 1.27$ and $\theta \approx -0.28$.