gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Waveguide chip coupled with microfluidics enables super-resolution live-cell imaging (2020)

Chip-based optical nanoscopy, relying on single molecule localization microscopy has recently been demonstrated to reach 70 nm lateral resolution over wide fields of view (500 µm x 500 µm). To make this technique more sustainable for live-cell imaging we embedded a photonic chip into a microfluidic support that is able to perfuse and thermalize the samples. In this way specimens are maintained under physiological conditions during the imaging which can be a timeconsuming process. The system consists of a multilayer chip with the size of a glass coverslip (60 mm &times; 24 mm). The sample is illuminated using waveguides that are fabricated from high refractive index material. The waveguide hosts a chamber (17.3 &mu;l) where cells are seeded and perfused with medium. A thin layer (188 µm) of cyclic olefin polymer (COP) seals the chamber and allows optical image acquisition. A thermalizing solution is perfused from the bottom to accurately warm up/cool down the waveguide in a range of 5&deg;C - 45&deg;C. Thus, samples are kept at the proper temperature. As proof of concept and verification of super-resolution imaging, we imaged fluorescent beads perfused across the coated surface (fibronectin 0.2 mg/ml) of the chip, which is needed to guarantee proper cell-to-substrate adhesion.
Sonodynamically-induced cytotoxicity by rose bengal derivative and microbubbles in isolated sarcoma 180 cells (2015)

It is known that the combination of ultrasound and sonodynamic sensitizer (SDS) is effective in noninvasive tumor treatment, referred to as sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Microbubbles have been used in ultrasound therapy as well. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the effect of microbubbles on SDT. Sarcoma 180 cells were suspended in air-saturated phosphate-buffered saline and exposed to ultrasound with the SDS rose bengal derivative (RBD) in standing wave mode in the presence and absence of microbubbles [sonazoid (SZ)]. The ultrasonically induced cytotoxicity with RBD and SZ was about 20 times higher than without either, and about 80% of the SZ microbubbles were destructed by ultrasonic exposure in as short as five seconds. Since microbubbles induce significant cytotoxicity even with short duration, low intensity ultrasound, the application of microbubbles in SDT shows promise in anti-tumor treatment.
Slate: An Argument-Centered Intelligent Assistant to Human Reasoners (2008)

We describe Slate, a logic-based, robust interactive rea- soning system that allows human pilots to harness an ensemble of intelligent agents in order to construct, test, and express various sorts of natural argumentation. Slate empowers students and profession- als in the business of producing argumentation, e.g., mathematicians, logicians, intelligence analysts, designers and producers of standard- ized reasoning tests. We demonstrate Slate in several examples, de- scribe some distinctive features of the system (e.g., reading and gen- erating natural language, immunizing human reasoners from log- ical illusions), present Slate's theoretical underpinnings, and note upcoming refinements.
Evidence for a role of the rare p.A152T variant in MAPT in increasing the risk for FTD-spectrum and Alzheimer's diseases (2012)

Rare mutations in the gene encoding for tau (MAPT, microtubule-associated protein tau) cause frontotemporal dementia-spectrum (FTD-s) disorders, including FTD, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome, and a common extended haplotype spanning across the MAPT locus is associated with increased risk of PSP and Parkinson's disease. We identified a rare tau variant (p.A152T) in a patient with a clinical diagnosis of PSP and assessed its frequency in multiple independent series of patients with neurodegenerative conditions and controls, in a total of 15 369 subjects. Tau p.A152T significantly increases the risk for both FTD-s (n = 2139, OR = 3.0, CI: 1.6-5.6, P = 0.0005) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 3345, OR = 2.3, CI: 1.3-4.2, P = 0.004) compared with 9047 controls. Functionally, p.A152T (i) decreases the binding of tau to microtubules and therefore promotes microtubule assembly less efficiently; and (ii) reduces the tendency to form abnormal fibers. However, there is a pronounced increase in the formation of tau oligomers. Importantly, these findings suggest that other regions of the tau protein may be crucial in regulating normal function, as the p.A152 residue is distal to the domains considered responsible for microtubule interactions or aggregation. These data provide both the first genetic evidence and functional studies supporting the role of MAPT p.A152T as a rare risk factor for both FTD-s and AD and the concept that rare variants can increase the risk for relatively common, complex neurodegenerative diseases, but since no clear significance threshold for rare genetic variation has been established, some caution is warranted until the findings are further replicated.
Piezoelectric actuated MEMS for use in microwave switching and filtering applications (2011)

Abstract The paper reviews the developments made for designing and fabricating a piezoelectric driven actuator and its integration into coplanar wave guide (CPW) microwave structures. In the first part of this work the electromechanical properties of different lead–zirconate–titanate (PZT) thin films are investigated. A modified precursor route for chemical solution deposition (CSD) is introduced to minimize the thermal budget of the PZT by maintaining its superior piezoelectric properties. The second part deals with the fabrication of a piezoelectric driven actuator for use in RF switching applications. Advantages of bulk and surface micromachined devices are compared and a suitable actuator design is proposed. Based on these results, a piezoelectrically actuated shunt switch for use in CPW devices is developed and optimized, and the concept is confirmed by measurements. Finally, novel reconfigurable CPW band‐pass filters are presented, which demonstrate the usefulness of the developed shunt switches in microwave applications. magnified image Microwave switch Distribution of surface current density (background), image of copper contact (top) and micro switch schematic (bottom).
Potential antitumor agents. 57. 2-Phenylquinoline-8-carboxamides as minimal DNA-intercalating antitumor agents with in vivo solid tumor activity (1989)

A series of phenyl-substituted derivatives of the "minimal" DNA-intercalating agent N-[2-(dimethylamino)-ethyl]-2-phenylquinoline-8-carboxamide (1) have been synthesized and evaluated for in vivo antitumor activity, in a continuing search for active compounds of this class with the lowest possible DNA association constants. Substitution on the 2'-position of the phenyl ring gave compounds of lower DNA binding ability that did not intercalate DNA, indicating that it is necessary for the phenyl ring to be essentially coplanar with the quinoline for intercalative binding. An extensive series of 4'-substituted derivatives was evaluated, but there was no overall relationship between biological activity and substituent lipophilic or electronic properties. However, several compounds showed good solid tumor activity, with the 4'-aza derivative 18 being clearly superior to the parent compound, effecting about 50% cures in both leukemia and solid tumor models.
Transmission electron microscopy of dislocations and grain boundaries in Bi[sbnd]Pb[sbnd]Sr[sbnd]Ca[sbnd]Cu[sbnd]O superconductors deformed at 800°C (1990)

Abstract Structures of dislocations and grain boundaries in Bi[sbnd]Pb[sbnd]Sr[sbnd]Ca[sbnd]Cu[sbnd]O superconductors deformed to 90% in compression at 800°C have been studied using transmission electron microscopy. It has been found that only 1/2(110) type dislocations (i.e. with Burgers vectors of the shortest fundamental translational vectors) are activated during deformation, although (100) type dislocations are also observed after a post-deformation annealing. Grain boundaries in an as-deformed specimen have been examined using high-resolution electron microscopy, and it has been found that the grain boundaries are very clean in the sense that neither grain-boundary phases such as amorphous phases nor pores are found. It has been concluded that local melting takes place preferentially at grain boundaries during deformation at 800°C; the melt freezes during subsequent cooling, leading to apparently clean grain boundaries.
Proof of concept for a wrist mechanism for articulated forceps for use in robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery (2018)

Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgery that accelerates postoperative recovery, but it can only be performed by surgeons with advanced surgical skills. One of the main difficulties in laparoscopic surgery is the restriction of free motion of the forceps because of the limited degrees of freedom by the trocar. Recently, many master–slave manipulators with articulated forceps have been used in laparoscopic surgery to solve this problem. The wrist mechanism of an articulated forceps affects the controllability and range of motion of a slave manipulator in a patient’s abdominal cavity. Therefore, it is important to improve upon the wrist mechanism of articulated forceps for robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery. This paper aims to propose a new wrist mechanism for articulated forceps to be used in laparoscopic surgery. The degrees of freedom of the proposed design are three motor-driven axes that use wires and pulleys (a pitch axis, yaw axis, and gripper axis) and a roll axis driven by manual rotation of the forceps shaft. In the proposed mechanism, the offset distance between the pitch and yaw axes was reduced. The offset value, i.e., 5.95 mm, is shorter than the maximum outer diameter 7.5 mm of the wrist mechanism. Singularity configurations of the wrist axes are avoided near the standard working posture by configuring the pitch and yaw axis. There are few parts and it is simple as compared to the previously developed clinical use robotic forceps. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism was verified by tests. The range of pitch motion is ± 90°, yaw motion is ± 85° (or ± 90°), and gripper motion is 60° (or 50°). The transmission efficiencies are from about 55 to 75%. The grasping force and torque are more than 5 N and 70 mNm.
Models for π-π Interactions in Molecular Metals. Ionization Energies, Electronic Structure, and Through-Space/Through-Bond Interactions in [2.2]paracyclophane. A Hartree-Fock-Slater Study (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModels for π-π Interactions in Molecular Metals. Ionization Energies, Electronic Structure, and Through-Space/Through-Bond Interactions in [2.2]paracyclophane. A Hartree-Fock-Slater StudyKathleen A. Doris, Donald E. Ellis, Mark A. Ratner, and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 9, 2491–2497Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00321a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00321a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Telemetry Specifications (2016)

This document aims to enrich DOTS Signaling with various telemetry
attributes allowing optimal DDoS/DoS attack mitigation. The nature of
the DOTS architecture is to allow DOTS Agents to be integrated in
highly diverse environments. Therefore, the DOTS architecture imposes
a significant challenge in delivering optimal mitigation services. The
DOTS Telemetry covered in this document aims to provide all needed
attributes and feedback signaled from DOTS Agents such that optimal
mitigation services can be delivered based on DOTS Signaling.
Comparison of real-world treatment outcomes of systemic immunomodulating therapy in atopic dermatitis patients with dark and light skin types (2022)

Atopic dermatitis differs in several characteristics between LST and DST. Skin type may influence treatment effectiveness of dupilumab.
Monitoring security policies with metric first-order temporal logic (2010)

We show the practical feasibility of monitoring complex security properties using a runtime monitoring approach for metric first-order temporal logic. In particular, we show how a wide variety of security policies can be naturally formalized in this expressive logic, ranging from traditional policies like Chinese Wall and separation of duty to more specialized usage-control and compliance requirements. We also explain how these formalizations can be directly used for monitoring and experimentally evaluate the performance of the resulting monitors.
Primary Dural Closure in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Using an Extracorporeal Knot: Technical Note (2019)

The use of extracorporeal knots facilitates primary dural closure in MISS surgeries.
Ag(II)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction of α-Keto Esters (2006)

Using a AgF2/pyridyl Schiff base dipeptide catalyst system, a variety of α-keto esters underwent the Mukaiyama aldol reaction with silyl enol ethers to afford chiral tertiary alcohols with moderate to very high levels of enantio­selectivity. When the keto ester contained a remote reactive functional group, the products could be elaborated to chiral heterocyclic compounds (see scheme). The main advantage of this method over similar, Cu-based catalysts, is that oxygen does not need to be excluded from the ­reaction vessel, as Ag catalysts are not prone to oxidation.
An Anthradithiophene Donor Polymer for Organic Solar Cells with a Good Balance between Efficiency and Synthetic Accessibility (2022)

Over the past few years, the organic photovoltaics technology (OPV) has reached remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), mostly thanks to the advent of nonfullerene acceptors as well as to a high level of materials engineering. Yet, the complex materials syntheses behind these results ultimately limit technological readiness. The quest for scalable organic compounds offering high PCE and reasonably low synthetic complexity is a must to close the gap between laboratory R&amp;D and commercial products. The synthesis and full characterization of a new conjugated polymer called PATTD is reported herein, based on a novel anthradithiophene as an electron‐rich building block coupled with a commercially available dithienylbenzodithiophenedione as an electron‐withdrawing comonomer. Its photovoltaic properties are studied in blends with IT‐4F and IDIC as acceptors. PATTD:IT‐4F‐based photovoltaic devices exhibit a PCE approaching 10% and over 2300 h shelf‐life stability. The PATTD scalability factor (SF), together with the PATTD‐based photovoltaic performances, lead to a PCE/SF value equal to 0.297, placing such devices into the innermost circle of OPV materials, achieving one of the best compromises between efficiency and synthetic complexity and at the same time offering promising industrial perspectives.
Cloud Data Services: Workloads, Architectures and Multi-Tenancy (2021)

Enterprises are moving their business critical workloads to public clouds at an accelerating pace. Cloud data services for Online Transaction Processing (OLTP), Data Analytics and NoSQL are essential building blocks for enterprise applications. Multi-tenancy is a crucial tenet for cloud data service providers that allows sharing of data center resources across tenants, thereby reducing cost. In this article we review architectures of today’s cloud data services and identify trends and challenges that arise in multi-tenant cloud data services. We survey techniques that have been developed for enabling elasticity, providing SLAs, ensuring performance isolation and reducing cost. We review the emerging paradigm of serverless databases and point out opportunities and challenges. We identify open research problems in the fast-changing landscape of cloud data services.
Pinhole-free perovskite films for efficient solar modules (2016)

We demonstrated a 4 cm<sup>2</sup>aperture area perovskite solar module with a PCE of 13.6% and a geometrical fill factor of 91%.
Effect of feeding symmetry on resonances in patch and capacitor structures (2002)

It has been observed that the location of the feed point has a strong influence on the impedance and resonance frequency of patch antennas and capacitors (see Schaubert, D.H. and Yngvesson, K.S., 1986; Murphy, A.T. and Young, F.J., 1995). The cavity model, which is usually applied to describe rectangular patch structures (see Navarro, J.A. and Chang, K., 1996), however, does not account for any feeding symmetry effects. We use FDTD simulations to analyze the resonance modes in patch and capacitor structures with different feeding geometries. It is shown that the symmetry of the feed determines the type of resonance modes observed in the structures, and, hence, the performance characteristics of the device. The obtained results, which provide a clear understanding of the resonance processes in patch and capacitor structures, are very important for device design optimization.
Development of a Planar Electrokinetic Micropump (2000)

Abstract Electrokinetic (EK) micropumps use electroosmotic flow to produce high pressures in a compact design with no moving parts. An EK micropump has been fabricated on a 50 × 75 × 1.2 mm soda-lime glass substrate using standard microlithography and chemical wet etching techniques. The pump is 1 mm long in the flow direction and 0.9 μm × 38 mm in cross section. A preliminary model has been developed to characterize the flow rate, pressure capacity and thermodynamic efficiency of the pump. Experiments have been conducted using deionized (DI) water (pH = 5.6, conductivity = 1 × 10−3 S/m) as working fluid. Experimental data show a linear relationship between flow rate and counter pressure, which agrees well with the pump model. The data also show a nonlinear increase of flow rate with increasing applied voltage, which indicates temperate rise of the working fluid due to Joule heating. The flow rate of the pump at 1 kV degrades from 15 μl/min to 0.2 μl/min over a period of two months, while the pressure capacity remains around 0.3 atm and current of pump circuit remains around 2 μA. This long-term degradation, although still under investigation, is probably due to a collapse and bonding of the glass in the region of the thin (0.9 μm) pump channel.
Characterization of the per-pixel dark current and activation energy of a large format CMOS image sensor (2018)

In past decade, CMOS imagers are becoming increasingly popular in scientific imaging like astronomy. Large format image sensors are the detector of choice for the wide field imaging. The circuit integration capability of the CMOS imager is considered as an advantage while inducing the temperature variation over the sensor area. Dark current of the image sensor is strongly temperature-dependent signal and one of the limiting factors of the low light imaging. Here, we present per-pixel dark current measurement results and analysis of a 7638 x 5004 pixels front-side illuminated CMOS image sensor with a pixel pitch of 6 &mu;m. In this work, global non- uniformity induced by the on-chip temperature variation is controlled by the Peltier junction device. This paper reports results of our dark current study for the temperature range 233 to 273 K with exposure of 0 to 300 s. A reasonably low dark current of 0.014 e-/pixel/s is achieved at 233 K temperature. The dark current spatial distributions at different temperatures are presented. We extracted the activation energy for the dark current in this lower temperature range. Using the Arrhenius law, dark current data analysis shows the Meyer-Neldel Relationship (MNR) between the Arrhenius pre-factor and the apparent activation energy.
Femtosecond laser filament guided negative coronas (2020)

We report on the experimental investigation of femtosecond laser filament guided negative coronas. When the coupling between the filament and negative corona was weak, the side fluorescence spectral analysis confirmed the existence of impact ionization although less effect on the filament length was observed. When the coupling was strong so that the negative corona was well connected with the filament, the filament guided coronas at the ends of laser filaments were observed. The newly generated negative coronas were confined around the filament axis, and no streamer-type of coronas guided by the filament was observed under conditions similar to those reported in the work of Wang et al. [Sci. Rep. 5, 18681 (2015)] although both could give rise to an elongation of the filament. A physical picture was proposed to understand the processes of the laser filament guided coronas.
How does iron interact with sporopollenin exine capsules? An X-ray absorption study including microfocus XANES and XRF imaging (2013)

Sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs) derived from plant spores and pollen grains have been proposed as adsorption, remediation and drug delivery agents. Despite many studies there is scant structural data available. This X-ray absorption investigation represents the first direct structural data on the interaction of metals with SECs and allows elucidation of their structure-property relationships. Fe K-edge XANES and EXAFS data have shown that the iron local environment in SECs (derived from Lycopodium clavatum) reacted with aqueous ferric chloride solutions is similar to that of ferrihydrite (FeOOH) and by implication ferritin. Fe K<sub>α</sub> XRF micro-focus experiments show that there is a poor correlation between the iron distribution and the underlying SEC structure indicating that the SEC is coated in the FeOOH material. In contrast, the Fe K<sub>α</sub> XRF micro-focus experiments on SECs reacted with aqueous ferrous chloride solutions show that there is a very high correlation between the iron distribution and the SEC structure, indicating a much more specific form of interaction of the iron with the SEC surface functional groups. Fe K-edge XANES and EXAFS data show that the Fe<sup>II</sup> can be easily oxidised to give a structure similar to, but not identical to that in the Fe<sup>III</sup> case, and that even if anaerobic conditions are used there is still partial oxidation to Fe<sup>III</sup>.