gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Future Word Contexts in Neural Network Language Models (2017)

Recently, bidirectional recurrent network language models (bi-RNNLMs) have been shown to outperform standard, unidirectional, recurrent neural network language models (uni-RNNLMs) on a range of speech recognition tasks. This indicates that future word context information beyond the word history can be useful. However, bi-RNNLMs pose a number of challenges as they make use of the complete previous and future word context information. This impacts both training efficiency and their use within a lattice rescoring framework. In this paper these issues are addressed by proposing a novel neural network structure, succeeding word RNNLMs (su-RNNLMs). Instead of using a recurrent unit to capture the complete future word contexts, a feedforward unit is used to model a finite number of succeeding, future, words. This model can be trained much more efficiently than bi-RNNLMs and can also be used for lattice rescoring. Experimental results on a meeting transcription task (AMI) show the proposed model consistently outperformed uni-RNNLMs and yield only a slight degradation compared to bi-RNNLMs in N-best rescoring. Additionally, performance improvements can be obtained using lattice rescoring and subsequent confusion network decoding.
Coming in Warm: Qualitative Study and Concept Map to Cultivate Patient‐centered Empathy in Emergency Care (2019)

Focus group participants emphasized themes and tangible behaviors to improve empathy in emergency care. These were incorporated into the Empathy Circle, a novel concept map that can serve as the framework to teach empathy to emergency care providers.
MEME (2015)

As people use computing devices more and more -not only desktops and laptops but also smart phones and tablets- related health risks also increase. Two of the most common and severe issues related to computer work are (1) the computer vision syndrome (CVS), symptoms include eye fatigue, headaches, dry eyes, blurred vision and (2) a too steep head flexion angle often referred to as "Text-Neck" leading to headaches and in extreme cases to spinal insures. According to medical research, users should blink often and in regular intervals (2-5 seconds) to prevent eye fatigue, dry eyes and ultimately the computer vision syndrome. To prevent "Text Neck", related work suggests that the user's head should not have a flexion angle of larger than 60° for over a minute.
Energy-based Reference-Free Damage Diagnosis using A Single Pair of Collocated PZTs (2009)

This research is supported by the Radiation Technology Program (M20703000015-07N0300-01510) under Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) and U-Eco city project (C007L7510001-08L015800110) under Korea Institute of Construction & Transportation technology Evaluation and Planning (KICTEP). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies.
A Study on Experimental Evaluation of CED in an Arbitrary Direction Based on Load-Displacement Curves. (1992)

The CED (crack energy density) in an arbitrary direction, εψ, is expected to be a parameter to describe not only elastic fracture but also elastic-plastic fracture of a mixed mode crack. This εψ is related to load-displacement curves of specimens and it was shown in the elastic region that εψ can be evaluated from experimentally obtained load-displacement curves with practically sufficient accuracy based on the relation. In this paper, the applicability of the method to elastic-plastic fracture problems is examined. That is, the load-displacement curves of specimens with a notch (or crack) inclined to the loading axis are obtained by experiments in the elastic-plastic region, and εψ is evaluated from those curves. The results are compared with those of finite element analyses, and the availability of evaluation method based on experimentally obtained load-displacement curves is demonstrated. Moreover, the method is applied to a fracture problem and it is shown that the method can be a powerful tool to evaluate the critical value of εψ (fracture toughness).
Ultra-Narrow-Spacing 10-Channel 1.12 Tb/s D-WDM Long-Haul Transmission Over Uncompensated SMF and NZDSF (2010)

We experimentally investigate the transmission of a 1.12-Tb/s Dense-WDM (D-WDM) system comprising 10 × 112 Gb/s polarization-multiplexed quadrature phase-shift-keying channels with ultra-narrow spacing (1.1 times the Baud rate). The D-WDM signal is generated by means of a recirculating frequency shifter. We used narrow optical filtering of channels at the transmitter to reduce interchannel crosstalk. With 100-km uncompensated spans and EDFA amplification, we reached 800 km over nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber (NZDSF) and 2300 km over standard single-mode fiber, at BER=3·10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . By simulation, we also investigated transmission over large-effective area NZDSF fiber (LEAF) and pure silica-core fiber (PSCF). We found that the D-WDM channel should achieve a 40% longer reach with LEAF than with NZDSF and a 45% longer reach with PSCF than with standard single-mode fiber.
Effects of intermediate deformation and thermal processing in the OPIT process upon critical current density of Ag/BiSSCO tapes (1999)

Critical current density, J/sub c/, of Ag/Bi(Pb)SCCO tapes in as-deformed and as-sintered states were studied at different stages of tape processing. Intermediate pressing and rolling result in significant I/sub c/ degradation. Non-zero I/sub c/ remains after the applications of pressing load up to 11 and 8 GPa following the third and first sintering, respectively. Under rolling conditions I/sub c/ remains non-zero up to maximum tape thickness reduction of 20%. Bending tests show that I/sub c/ reduction is the result of deformation-induced micro-crack formation which are easily healed during the first hour of the next sintering. Intermediate deformation after the first sintering cycle has been shown to accelerate significantly the 2212 to 2223 phase transformation during the first hours of the second sintering step. I/sub c/ growth during the first hour of the second sintering cycle is not connected with that phase transformation and is presumed to be the result of pinning ability and structure connectivity enhancement.
Integrated high-quality factor silicon-on-sapphire ring resonators for the mid-infrared (2013)

We demonstrate high-quality (Q) factor grating-coupled silicon-on-sapphire ring resonators, operating around 4.5 μm. Total Q-factors of 151,000 and intrinsic Q-factors of 278,000 are measured, enabling applications in nonlinear wavelength generation and other areas.
The orally active pterocarpanquinone LQB‐118 exhibits cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cell and tumor models through cellular redox stress (2017)

LQB-118 is a developing and orally active pterocarpanquinone agent that effectively kills PCa cells through quinone reduction and ROS generation. The inhibition SOD1 expression enhances LQB-118 activity, presumably by impairing the cellular antioxidant response.
Microsphere as a contrast agent/gene vector in ultrasound imaging-based vascular gene delivery (2003)

The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of using a novel biodegradable microsphere as a contrast agent/gene vector in ultrasound imaging-based vascular gene delivery. We first encapsulated green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene into the microspheres and validated the echogenic property of GFP-plasmid/microspheres with intramuscular injection. Then, the GFP-plasmid/microspheres were transferred into the arteries of pigs via a catheter-based delivery procedure under ultrasound imaging. A strong echogenic signal reflected from the microspheres indicated the destination of genes delivered, whereas functional gene expression was confirmed by immunohistochemical examination. Microspheres can be feasible contrast agents/gene vectors in ultrasound imaging-based vascular gene delivery in vivo.
Low frequency acoustic shear wave imaging in tissue-like media using magnetic resonance (2002)

We propose a phase contrast based magnetic resonance imaging technique that can measure small cyclic displacements (sub-micron level) like those caused by propagating acoustic shear waves in tissue-like media. Our preliminary experiments with agarose gel phantoms show that acoustic shear wave propagation can be studied and we speculate that this technique could find applications in materials science and in medical imaging.
SRD005825 Acts as a Pharmacologic Chaperone of Opsin and Promotes Survival of Photoreceptors in an Animal Model of Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa (2019)

SRD005825 may be useful as a treatment to delay retinal degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa patients with rhodopsin mutations causing misfolding of the protein.
Multifunctional Delivery Systems for Advanced oral Uptake of Peptide/Protein Drugs (2015)

In recent years, advances in biotechnology and protein engineering have enabled the production of large quantities of proteins and peptides as important therapeutic agents. Various researchers have used biocompatible functional polymers to prepare oral dosage forms of proteins and peptides for chronic use and for easier administration to enhance patient compliance. However, there is a need to enhance their safety and effectiveness further. Most macromolecules undergo severe denaturation at low pH and enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. The macromolecules' large molecular size and low lipophilicity cause low permeation through the intestinal membrane. The major strategies that have been used to overcome these challenges (in oral drug carrier systems) can be classified as follows: enteric coating or encapsulation with pH-sensitive polymers or mucoadhesive polymers, co-administration of protease inhibitors, incorporation of absorption enhancers, modification of the physicochemical properties of the macromolecules, and site-specific delivery to the colon. This review attempts to summarize the various advanced oral delivery carriers, including nanoparticles, lipid carriers, such as liposomes, nano-aggregates using amphiphilic polymers, complex coacervation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, and inorganic porous particles. The particles were formulated and/or surface modified with functional polysaccharides or synthetic polymers to improve oral bioavailability of proteins and peptides. We also discuss formulation strategies to overcome barriers, therapeutic efficacies in vivo, and potential benefits and issues for successful oral dosage forms of the proteins and peptides.
SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1 Induce Amyloid Aggregation in Human CSF Resulting in Drastic Soluble Protein Depletion (2022)

Abstract The corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and the resulting long-term neurological complications in patients, known as long COVID, have renewed the interest in the correlation between viral infections and neurodegenerative brain disorders. While many viruses can reach the central nervous system (CNS) causing acute or chronic infections (such as herpes simplex virus 1, HSV-1), the lack of a clear mechanistic link between viruses and protein aggregation into amyloids, a characteristic of several neurodegenerative diseases, has rendered such a connection elusive. Recently, we showed that viruses can induce aggregation of purified amyloidogenic proteins via the direct physicochemical mechanism of heterogenous nucleation (HEN). In the current study, we show that the incubation of HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 with human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leads to the amyloid aggregation of several proteins known to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases, such as: APLP1 (amyloid beta precursor like protein 1), ApoE, clusterin, α2-macroglobulin, PGK-1 (phosphoglycerate kinase 1), ceruloplasmin, nucleolin, 14-3-3, transthyretin and vitronectin. Importantly, UV-inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 does not affect its ability to induce amyloid aggregation, as amyloid formation is dependent on viral surface catalysis via HEN and not its ability to replicate. Additionally, viral amyloid induction led to a dramatic drop in the soluble protein concentration in the CSF. Our results show that viruses can physically induce amyloid aggregation of proteins in human CSF and result in soluble protein depletion, and thus providing a potential mechanism that may account for the association between persistent and latent/reactivating brain infections and neurodegenerative diseases. Significance Statement Viruses have generally been excluded from the etiology of amyloid pathologies based on the assumption that amyloid formation requires a proteinaceous conformational template (a prion) to form. Here we show that neuroinvasive viruses induce amyloid aggregation of a plethora of proteins in human CSF even after UV inactivation. Our work illustrates that viruses can induce amyloid aggregation of endogenous human proteins in their native environment by acting as physical catalysts of amyloid nucleation and phase transition. Demonstrating this direct mechanistic link, which is independent of templating, can help better understand the link between viruses and neurodegenerative disorders, especially in the post-COVID-19 era.
The Effect of Electron‐Withdrawing Groups on Electron Transporting Silane Derivatives with Wide Energy Gap for Green Electrophosphorescent Devices (2015)

Silane derivatives with wide energy gap (≈3.5 eV) containing different electron‐withdrawing groups of quinoline and naphthyridine are synthesized and used as the electron transporting materials. The different electron transporting and hole/exciton blocking properties of the silane derivatives are investigated via multilayered structure of organic electrophosphorescent devices by using fac ‐tris(2‐phenylpyridine)iridium (Ir(ppy) 3 ) as the phosphorescent emitter. 15.4% of maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) corresponding to 56.2 cd A −1 of maximum current efficiency is obtained with a maximum power efficiency of 58.9 lm W −1 by employing di‐(4‐(1,8‐naphthyridin‐2‐yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane (DNPS) as the electron transporting material, combining with 2,9‐dimethyl‐4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline as the hole blocking layer, which is higher than the performance of conventional Alq 3 device. When changing naphthyridine of DNPS to the electron‐withdrawing group of quinoline (di‐(4‐(isoquinolin‐4‐yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane), only 11.4% of maximum EQE with 41.4 cd A −1 of maximum current efficiency and 32.5 lm W −1 of a maximum power efficiency is obtained. These indicate that the electron transporting ability increases while the electron‐withdrawing group changes from quinoline to naphthyridine, which is also consistent with the calculated reorganization energy.
Phase and delay extraction in Q/sup 2/PSK: ML receivers using systolic array processing (1990)

A maximum likelihood decision-directed (MLDD) receiver structure is derived for a data-transmission system which employs quadrature-quadrature phase-shift keying (QQPSK) as the modulation scheme. The receiver is derived by treating the problems of sequence decision, sample timing, and carrier phase as a composite estimation problem. It is shown that the resulting maximum likelihood estimates are asymptotically unbiased. Cramer-Rao lower bounds are derived for the estimates and plotted for different cases. Symbol detection is carried out by means of a modified Viterbi algorithm, and a parallel structure is developed for estimating carrier phase and delay time for high-speed data transmission. It is shown that the resulting synchronizer can be simplified for application in data systems using QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation). Interaction between detection and synchronization is studied. It is shown that the parallel estimator is well-suited for high-speed digital signal processing and lends itself easily to systolic array implementation. >
Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in a rural Chinese population with type 2 diabetes: the Handan Eye Study (2011)

In rural Chinese persons with diabetes, longer diabetes duration, hyperglycaemia and elevated blood pressure are risk factors for DR. These findings underscore the importance of controlling classic risk factors for DR in developing countries, where diabetes prevalence is increasing.
Low loss hollow‐core waveguide on a silicon substrate (2012)

Abstract Optical‐fiber‐based, hollow‐core waveguides (HCWs) have opened up many new applications in laser surgery, gas sensors, and non‐linear optics. Chip‐scale HCWs are desirable because they are compact, light‐weight and can be integrated with other devices into systems‐on‐a‐chip. However, their progress has been hindered by the lack of a low loss waveguide architecture. Here, a completely new waveguiding concept is demonstrated using two planar, parallel, silicon‐on‐insulator wafers with high‐contrast subwavelength gratings to reflect light in‐between. We report a record low optical loss of 0.37 dB/cm for a 9‐μm waveguide, mode‐matched to a single mode fiber. Two‐dimensional light confinement is experimentally realized without sidewalls in the HCWs, which is promising for ultrafast sensing response with nearly instantaneous flow of gases or fluids. This unique waveguide geometry establishes an entirely new scheme for low‐cost chip‐scale sensor arrays and lab‐on‐a‐chip applications.
Pt(IV)‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Arene—Alkyne Substrates via C—H Bond Functionalization. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Addition-abstraction competition of acylperoxy radicals reacting with alkenes. Cooxidation of cyclohexene and valeraldehyde (1973)

Cyclohexene and valeraldehyde were cooxidized at various feed ratios and, from the product analysis, rate constant ratios were calculated for (1) the relative reactivities of cyclohexene and valeraldehyde toward valerylperoxy and cyclohexenylperoxy radicals and (2) the addition-abstraction reactions of valerylperoxy radicals with cyclohexene. The rate constant ratios (1) indicate that valeraldehyde is more reactive than cyclohexene toward both valerylperoxy radical (by a factor of 1.2) and cyclohexenylperoxy radical (by a factor of 7). The rate constant ratio (2) indicates that addition is 1.5 times faster than abstraction. Since the abstraction-addition rate constant ratio for the attack of cyclohexenylperoxy radical on cyclohexene is 22:1, this work shows quantitatively the greatly altered selectivity of the acylperoxy radical compared to the selectivity of the alkylperoxy radical.
Front Matter: Volume 9753 (2016)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 9753, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and Conference Committee listing.
Influence of the Purkinje-muscle junction on transmural repolarization heterogeneity (2014)

The Purkinje network has the potential to influence myocardial AP morphology and rate-dependent behaviour, and furthermore to underlie enhanced transmural APD heterogeneities and spatial gradients of APD in non-failing and failing myocardium.
Development of a Straight Style Transfer Equipment for a Person with Disabled Legs (2002)

本研究では, 車椅子生活を送っている方々が, 特別な環境整備を必要とせず, 健常者と同等の日常生活を送れるような移動装置の開発を行う。本移動装置を用いることにより, 車椅子のデメリット, すなわち, 環境の整備の必要性, 段差走破の困難さ, 視線が低いことによる精神的苦痛等を解消できると考えられる。本装置は, 1.移動台車, 2.伸縮機構付き松葉杖, 3.屈伸脚機構から構成される。移動装置全体の構成, および, 2についての解析結果を中心に発表を行う。
Vortex Suppression in an Air Induction System Using Mesh Grid Structures (2015)

The air required for the combustion process in automobiles is provided by an air induction system. The air induction system induces air naturally through air ramming the automobile or artificially using a compressor while the automobile is in operation. During the induction process it is important to measure the air flow rate supplied for the combustion process as the amount of fuel supplied for combustion is dependent on the air intake. In air induction systems with high turbulence intensity the measurement of air flow rate has high noise. The high noise value affects the rate of fuel supplied for combustion. The current study focuses on using grid mesh structures to reduce the turbulence intensity in the induced air flow and improve the air flow metering. An experimental and numerical simulation study have been performed to correlate the effect of grid mesh size, distance of the grid from the measurement device (Hotwire) and flow Reynolds number. The paper provides details of experimental and numerical study which indicate that adopting mesh grid structures will reduce the turbulence intensity (noise) and also provide the ideal location for the flow measurement device such that it outputs less noise.
Clinical Characterization and Linkage Analysis of a Family With Congenital X-Linked Nystagmus and Deuteranomaly (1999)

We have identified the genetic locus of the X-linked congenital nystagmus gene in this family. The critical interval in this report is less than half the size of the previously described nystagmus locus. These findings will aid in identifying the gene responsible for this condition.
Altered dendritic cells with tolerizing phenotype in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2008)

Earlier we showed the generation of tolerizing human monocyte-derived DC following interaction with iC3b-opsonized apoptotic cells. In this study we examine the generation of DC with our previously described tolerogenic phenotype in patients with the systemic autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Monocyte-derived DC were generated in 71 SLE patients, characterized, and then tested for clearance of iC3b-opsonized 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanineperchlorate-stained apoptotic cells using flow cytometry, and for autologous T-cell activation using autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), at the same time as controls. Compared with healthy, age- and gender-matched controls, SLE patients showed upregulation of MHC class II, with a mean expression of 130.5%+/-36.8% (p < 0.007); CD86 in immature DC from SLE patients, generated in autologous human or control plasma, were also upregulated, with mean expression 106.6%+/-18.0% (p < 0.03). A significant (> 20%) reduction in iC3b-apoptotic cell uptake, together with increased autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction, was seen in 75% of SLE patients. Mean 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanineperchlorate-stained apoptotic cell acquisition was 70.0%+/-24% (p < 0.0001) compared with healthy controls. Altered generation of a tolerizing DC phenotype was seen in at least one third of SLE patients following interaction with iC3b-opsonized apoptotic cells. These results suggest that a substantial portion of SLE patients fail to generate DC with a tolerizing phenotype.
GlitchLess: Dynamic Power Minimization in FPGAs Through Edge Alignment and Glitch Filtering (2008)

This paper describes GlitchLess, a circuit-level technique for reducing power in field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) by eliminating unnecessary logic transitions called glitches. This is done by adding programmable delay elements to the logic blocks of the FPGA. After routing a circuit and performing static timing analysis, these delay elements are programmed to align the arrival times of the inputs of each lookup table (LUT), thereby preventing new glitches from being generated. Moreover, the delay elements also behave as filters that eliminate other glitches generated by upstream logic or off-chip circuitry. On average, the proposed implementation eliminates 87% of the glitching, which reduces overall FPGA power by 17%. The added circuitry increases the overall FPGA area by 6% and critical-path delay by less than 1%. Furthermore, since it is applied after routing, the proposed technique requires little or no modifications to the routing architecture or computer-aided design (CAD) flow.