gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Terrestrial Solar Cells in Space (2004)

Mission Demonstration-test Satellite No.1 (MDS- 1), successfully completed its mission operation in September 2003 with a lot of precious data for radiation tolerance of six kinds of solar cells developed for terrestrial use. CIGS cell demonstrated superior radiation tolerance, while poly- crystalline silicon cells exhibited abrupt degradation due to the very severe radiation environment in geostationary transfer orbit. We report the flight data of the terrestrial solar cells up to the mission operation. End-of-life prediction methodologies developed by JPL and NRL are applied to the flight data based on ground irradiation tests.
Efficient and stable transduction of resting B lymphocytes and primary chronic lymphocyte leukemia cells using measles virus gp displaying lentiviral vectors (2009)

Up to now, no lentiviral vector (LV) tool existed to govern efficient and stable gene delivery into quiescent B lymphocytes, which hampers its application in gene therapy and immunotherapy areas. Here, we report that LVs incorporating measles virus (MV) glycoproteins, H and F, on their surface allowed transduction of 50% of quiescent B cells, which are not permissive to VSVG-LV transduction. This high transduction level correlated with B-cell SLAM expression and was not at cost of cell-cycle entry or B-cell activation. Moreover, the naive and memory phenotypes of transduced resting B cells were maintained. Importantly, H/F-LVs represent the first tool permitting stable transduction of leukemic cancer cells, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, blocked in G(0)/G(1) early phase of the cell cycle. Thus, H/F-LV transduction overcomes the limitations of current LVs by making B cell-based gene therapy and immunotherapy applications feasible. These new LVs will facilitate antibody production and the study of gene functions in these healthy and cancer immune cells.
Membrane Perturbing Actions of HIV Type 1 Glycoprotein 41 Domains Are Inhibited by Helical C-Peptides (2007)

To study the membrane actions of various domains of HIV-1 glycoprotein 41,000 (gp41), synthetic peptides were prepared corresponding to the N-terminal fusion region (FP; gp41 residues 519-541), the nearby N-leucine zipper domain (N-peptides; DP-107; gp41 residues 560-597), the C-leucine zipper domain (C-peptides; DP-178; gp41 residues 645-680), and the viral envelope adjacent domain that partially overlaps DP-178 (Pre-TM; gp41 residues 671-690). With erythrocytes, FP, DP-107, and Pre-TM induced hemolysis and cell aggregation; the order for hemolytic activity was Pre-TM > FP > DP-107, but each was equally effective in aggregating cells at the highest peptide concentrations tested. DP-178 produced neither hemolysis nor aggregation, but efficiently reduced FP-, DP-107-, and Pre-TM-induced membrane actions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the membrane perturbations of Pre-TM, as well as the ability of DP-178 to block membrane activities of other gp41 domains, are dependent on Pre-TM and DP-178 each maintaining helical conformations and tryptophans at residues 673, 677, and 679. These results suggest that the corresponding N-terminal fusion, N-leucine zipper, and viral membrane-adjacent regions of HIV-1 gp41 may similarly promote key membrane perturbations underlying the merging of the viral envelope with the cell surface. Further, the antiviral mechanism of exogenous DP-178 (clinically approved enfuvirtide) may be partially explained by its coordinate inhibition of the fusogenic actions of the FP, DP-107, and Pre-TM regions of gp41.
The implementation of a GC/MS datasystem using DISNET: a DistributedInstrument System NETwork (1984)

The primary goal of a computer network is to achieve resource sharing between several computers. Resource sharing is most easily performed at the application program level, with lower layers of software providing communications services. Application programs which make local data, peripherals, or processes available for shared use are defined as â€™resource providersâ€™. Application programs which require such resources from the&#13;\nnetwork are defined as â€™resource consumersâ€™. This distinction helps the system designer identify the qualities of resource providers and consumers necessary to address data communication problems in a straightforward manner, while ensuring the effort invested will provide satisfactory solutions. We have developed this resource sharing protocol for the Distributed Instrument System NETwork (DISNET) to provide an environment suitable for the development and growth of a distributed system for real-time instrument control, data acquisition, and computation in a laboratory environment.
No significant prognostic value of normal precursor B‐cell regeneration in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia after induction treatment (2013)

B-cell precursors (BCP) regeneration in bone marrow (BM) after induction chemotherapy is prognostic for good treatment response in adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We detected BCP regeneration in 81% of 59 paediatric AML patients at first complete remission; this compared to 46% in an adult study. BCP regeneration did not correlate with outcome or minimal residual disease levels. In 36 healthy BM controls, BCP levels were significantly higher in children as compared to adults. Therefore, BCP regeneration does not reflect good response to treatment in paediatric AML, possibly due to the relatively high base-line levels of BCP in children.
Semicrystalline polymer nanocomposites using chemically designed compatibilizers and supercritical CO2-assisted polymer processing. (2004)

U506-U506
Unsaturated carbohydrates. Part XV. The synthesis of (3′-deoxyhex-2′-enopyranosyl)purine derivatives (1971)

Fusion of 3-deoxyhex-2-enopyranosyl esters or the isomeric 2-hydroxyglycal esters with theophylline or 2,6-dichloropurine in the presence of an acidic catalyst affords (3′-deoxyhex-2′-enopyranosyl)purine nucleoside derivatives. Anomeric configurations can be assigned by n.m.r. methods.
Von der Immaterialisation des Materiellen zur Materialisation im Immateriellen From the immaterialization of the material to materialization in the immaterial (2008)

Zusammenfassung Bevor der Bildschirm zum Inbegriff des User Interface wurde, als es noch vielfältig Bedienfelder mit mechanischen Bedienelementen gab, war deren Gestaltung geprägt vom Bestreben, sie ihrer Plastizität zu berauben und in die Fläche zu bannen, ja die ganze Bedieneinheit in radikaler Reduktion zu entmaterialisieren und so die Vision der Bedienoberfläche real werden zu lassen. Seit aber diese absolute Flächigkeit in der Glasscheibe des Monitors endlich gegeben ist, frönen die graphischen Oberflächen der tiefenräumlichen Illusion und imitieren mechanische Bedienelemente aller Art. Die Kunst der Gestaltung reduziert sich auf die Kunstfertigkeit der Darstellung – das Design ist zu sehr mit sich selbst befasst, als dass noch eine Symbiose mit Usability gelingen kann.
Performance Analysis of Power Saving Mechanism Employing Both Sleep Mode and Idle Mode in IEEE 802.16e (2009)

The IEEE 802.16e standard specifies the sleep mode and the idle mode of a mobile station (MS) for power saving. In this paper, to reduce the energy consumption of the MS, we employ the sleep mode while the MS is on-session, and the idle mode while it is off-session. Under the assumption that the time duration from the end of a session to the arrival of a new downlink session request follows an exponential distribution of the mean 1/ν and that arrivals of messages during an on-session follow a Poisson process with rate λ, we analyze the awake mode period and the sleep mode period by using the busy period analysis of the M/G/1 queue, and then we derive the total mean length of an on-session which consists of a geometric number of awake mode periods and sleep mode periods. Since the sum of an on-session and an off-session constitutes a cycle, we can express the average power consumption in terms of the mean lengths of an awake mode period, a sleep mode period and an idle mode period. The average power consumption indicates how much the MS can save energy by employing the sleep mode and the idle mode. We also derive the Laplace Stieltjes transform (and the mean) of the queueing delay of messages to examine a tradeoff between the power consumption and the delay of messages. Analytical results, which are shown to be well-matched by simulations, address that our employment of the sleep mode and the idle mode provides a considerable reduction in the energy consumption of the MS.
Sarin Decomposition on Pristine and Hydroxylated ZnO: Quantum-Chemical Modeling (2019)

An atomistic understanding of interactions between chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and filter materials is crucial for discovery and design of new materials suitable for chemical protection. The high toxicity of CWAs is a major barrier for experimental studies and significantly impedes the development of improved filter materials. Our recent studies show that density functional theory-based modeling serves as a powerful companion to experimental studies and assists in interpretation of experiments performed on surface-enhanced degradation of CWA simulant compounds. A strong synergy between theory and experiment enables predictive modeling of interactions of toxic CWAs with filter materials. Here, we present a comprehensive study of sarin adsorption and decomposition on pristine and hydroxylated ZnO(101̅0) surfaces performed by means of quantum-chemical calculations. We found that both simulated ZnO surfaces (an idealized pristine surface and hydroxylated surface, a more realistic and relevant form of ZnO at ambient conditions) strongly adsorb sarin; however, based on energetic considerations, it’s binding to the ideal surface is preferred. We discovered a new mechanism of the sarin decomposition via an elimination of a propene molecule and predicted that this reaction has considerably higher reaction rates than the reactions of breaking of P–F and P–OC3H7 bonds, proposed earlier. Decomposition of sarin on a hydroxylated surface proceeds via fission of the P–F bond and formation of isopropyl methyl phosphonic acid. Our calculations suggest that ZnO can be effectively used to decompose organophosphorus CWAs at room temperature and humid conditions, which are important standards for CWA filtration and decontamination.
Modulation of EGF receptor-mediated vulva development by the heterotrimeric G-protein Gαq and excitable cells inC.elegans (2003)

The extent to which excitable cells and behavior modulate animal development has not been examined in detail. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a novel pathway for promoting vulval fates in C. elegans that involves activation of the heterotrimeric Galphaq protein, EGL-30. EGL-30 acts with muscle-expressed EGL-19 L-type voltage-gated calcium channels to promote vulva development, and acts downstream or parallel to LET-60 (RAS). This pathway is not essential for vulval induction on standard Petri plates, but can be stimulated by expression of activated EGL-30 in neurons, or by an EGL-30-dependent change in behavior that occurs in a liquid environment. Our results indicate that excitable cells and animal behavior can provide modulatory inputs into the effects of growth factor signaling on cell fates, and suggest that communication between these cell populations is important for normal development to occur under certain environmental conditions.
Improving existing motor protection for medium voltage motors (2003)

The authors analyze motor failures and the associated costs. The abilities and limitations of older forms of motor protection utilizing induction type over current relays are contrasted with the desired protection. The features of several different types of current microprocessor-based relays are reviewed as eligible candidates for motor protection upgrades. An example of work performed as part of a comprehensive field retrofit is presented, as well as the associated economic considerations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Boosting leukemia-specific T cell responses in patients following stem cell transplantation (2013)

Whole tumor cell-based vaccines administered within the first 2 to 3 months after allogeneic stem cell transplantation stand out as a promising approach to enhance graft-vs.-leukemia responses. Herein, the implications of this finding for the development of strategies to improve the outcome of patients subjected to allogeneic stem cell transplantation are discussed.
Spatial neglect treatment: The brain’s spatial-motor Aiming systems (2021)

Animal and human literature supports spatial-motor "Aiming" bias, a frontal-subcortical syndrome, as a core deficit in spatial neglect. However, spatial neglect treatment studies rarely assess Aiming errors. Two knowledge gaps result: spatial neglect rehabilitation studies fail to capture the impact on motor-exploratory aspects of functional disability. Also, across spatial neglect treatment studies, discrepant treatment effects may also result from sampling different proportions of patients with Aiming bias. We review behavioural evidence for Aiming spatial neglect, and demonstrate the importance of measuring and targeting Aiming bias for treatment, by reviewing literature on Aiming spatial neglect and prism adaptation treatment, and presenting new preliminary data on bromocriptine treatment. Finally, we review neuroanatomical and network disruption that may give rise to Aiming spatial neglect. Because Aiming spatial neglect predicts prism adaptation treatment response, assessment may broaden the ability of rehabilitation research to capture functionally-relevant disability. Frontal brain lesions predict both the presence of Aiming spatial neglect, and a robust response to some spatial neglect interventions. Research is needed that co-stratifies spatial neglect patients by lesion location and Aiming spatial neglect, to personalize spatial neglect rehabilitation and perhaps even open a path to spatial retraining as a means of promoting better mobility after stroke.
Amorphous TiO2 Passivating Contacts for Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Ultrathin Solar Cells: Defect‐State‐Mediated Hole Conduction (2023)

Abstract Ultrathin solar cells (UTSCs) have attracted much research attention because of their superior potential for low‐cost production and diverse applications. For UTSCs to achieve high efficiency, rear‐interface passivation is critical because it has greater influence on thinner absorbers. Conventional passivation layers (e.g., Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 ) inevitably require patterned contact openings for electrical conduction, the complex processing of which severely impedes the scale‐up production of UTSCs. Herein, this study reports that amorphous TiO 2 layers can act as a passivating contact, which not only passivates defective rear‐interfaces but also provides excellent electrical conduction, for solution‐processed Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 UTSCs. The amorphous nature of TiO 2 layers is found to play a key role in achieving desirable ohmic conduction over the entire area without any contact openings. Holes in absorbers easily move into amorphous TiO 2 layers, even in the presence of large valence band offset (2.6 eV), proving that the defect states within these TiO 2 layers act as hole conduction pathways. While control devices experience huge open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ) losses (−303 mV) after reduction of absorber thickness from 750 to 300 nm, devices with amorphous TiO 2 layers exhibit V OC gains (+8 mV), encouraging the realization of high‐efficiency UTSCs with a simple, easily scalable, and highly reproducible process.
Creating solvation environments in heterogeneous catalysts for efficient biomass conversion (2018)

Chemical transformations are highly sensitive toward changes in the solvation environment and solvents have long been used to control their outcome. Reactions display unique performance in solvents like ionic liquids or DMSO, however, isolating products from them is cumbersome and energy-consuming. Here, we develop promising alternatives by constructing solvent moieties into porous materials, which in turn serve as platforms for introducing catalytic species. Due to the high density of the solvent moieties, these porous solid solvents (PSSs) retain solvation ability, which greatly influences the performance of incorporated active sites via concerted non-covalent substrate-catalyst interactions. As a proof-of-concept, the -SO<sub>3</sub>H-incorporated PSSs exhibit high yields of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in THF, which exceeds the best results reported using readily separable solvents and even rivals those in ionic liquids or DMSO. Given the wide application, our strategy provides a step forward towards sustainable synthesis by eliminating the concerns with separation unfriendly solvents.
GPS Modernization: Capabilities of the New Civil Signals (2003)

Currently, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is undergoing stunning changes that will enhance both military and civil capabilities. We say that GPS is being modernized. In fact, this modernization is a fabric of change that includes three elements. It includes integrity machines, which are monitors that provide error bounds to safety-critical users in real time. It also includes a family of techniques to protect GPS users from accidental and malevolent radio frequency interference (RFI). Most of these RFI hardening techniques are based on so-called navigation signals of opportunity, such as inertial measurements or terrestrial radio navigation. Finally, GPS modernization includes new satellite signals that will provide the benefits of frequency diversity. Over the next ten years, a second civil signal, at 1227.60 MHz, and a third civil signal, at 1176.45 MHz, will join the current civil signal at 1575.42 MHz. These new signals will improve the fundamental signal acquisition and tracking performance of the GPS receiving engine. They will also enable a new family of alternatives for mitigating the ionospheric errors that currently limit the accuracy of GPS. This paper will focus on the new civil signals and the capabilities they enable.
Multiple frequency-hopping signal estimation via sparse regression (2010)

Frequency hopping (FH) signals have well-documented merits for commercial and military applications due to their near-far resistance and robustness to jamming. Estimating FH signal parameters (e.g., hopping instants, carriers, and amplitudes) is an important and challenging problem, but optimum estimation incurs an unrealistic computational burden. The spectrogram has long been the nonparametric estimation workhorse in this context, followed by line spectra refinement. The problem is that hop timing estimates derived from the spectrogram are coarse and unreliable, thus severely limiting performance. In this paper we take a fresh look at this problem, based on sparse linear regression (SLR). At any point in time, there are only few active carriers; and carrier hopping is rare for slow FH. Using a dense frequency grid, we formulate the problem as under-determined linear regression with a dual sparsity penalty, and develop an exact solution using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMoM). Simulations demonstrate that the developed technique outperforms spectrogram-based methods, especially with regards to hop timing estimation, which is the crux of the problem.
Membrane Targeting and Secretion of Mutant Uromodulin in Familial Juvenile Hyperuricemic Nephropathy (2006)

Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy (FJHN) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that is characterized by hyperuricemia, gout, and tubulointerstitial nephritis. FJHN is caused by mutations in the UMOD gene, which encodes for uromodulin, the most abundant urinary protein. Herein is demonstrated that patients with FJHN and renal insufficiency exhibit a profound reduction in urinary uromodulin together with either elevated or decreased plasma uromodulin. One young patient with FJHN, however, had normal serum creatinine and normal urinary uromodulin with elevated plasma uromodulin. These observations suggest that there are different urinary and plasma uromodulin profiles in early and late disease and that there may be an altered direction of uromodulin secretion in the course of FJHN as a result of improper intracellular sorting of the mutated protein in the thick ascending limb. With the use of immunohistochemistry and a quantitative immunoassay, targeting and secretion of wild-type and mutant (C77Y and N128S) uromodulin were investigated in the polarized renal epithelial cell line LLC-PK1. In transfected cells, uromodulin mutants were targeted properly to the apical membrane but were secreted less efficiently to the apical compartment than wild-type protein. The expression of mutant uromodulin had no effect on caspase 3 activity. These results indicate that the mutations studied do not impair glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-mediated apical targeting of the protein but do affect apical secretion. Because the mutant proteins are secreted as efficiently as wild type to the basolateral compartment, the possibility arises that interactions with the immune system at the site of secretion are a contributing factor to the development of tubulointerstitial nephritis in FJHN.
PRESTO: Feedback-Driven Data Management in Sensor Networks (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents PRESTO, a novel two-tier sensor data management architecture comprising proxies and sensors that cooperate with one another for acquiring data and processing queries. PRESTO proxies construct time-series models of observed trends in the sensor data and transmit the parameters of the model to sensors. Sensors check sensed data with model-predicted values and transmit only deviations from the predictions back to the proxy. Such a model-driven push approach is energy-efficient, while ensuring that anomalous data trends are never missed. In addition to supporting queries on current data, PRESTO also supports queries on historical data using interpolation and local archival at sensors. PRESTO can adapt model and system parameters to data and query dynamics to further extract energy savings. We have implemented PRESTO on a sensor testbed comprising Intel Stargates and Telos Motes. Our experiments show that in a temperature monitoring application, PRESTO yields one to two orders of magnitude reduction in energy requirements over on-demand, proactive or model-driven pull approaches. PRESTO also results in an order of magnitude reduction in query latency in a 1% duty-cycled five hop sensor network over a system that forwards all queries to remote sensor nodes. </para>