gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Impurities Encapsulated by Silicon Wafer Bonding (1990)

Wafer bonding techniques are shown to provide an important addition to methods used for the detection of residual impurities on the surfaces of polished and cleaned silicon wafers. Impurities were encapsulated in the interface made by wafer bonding, and analyzed by SIMS depth profiling. Significant concentrations of H, C, N, O, F and Cl were detected. The concentration of these elements did not change after two hour wafer bonding anneals in the range of 200°C to 800°C. For anneals at 1000°C and above both the diffusion of H and C from the bonded interface, and the aggregation of N and O were observed. It was confirmed by IR absorption and HR-TEM that oxygen in CZ crystals outdiffuses into the bonded interface and produces an SiO 2 layer. Low-oxygen FZ wafers were used as a reference comparison. Elements such as F and Cl contained in the chemicals used to clean the wafers remained fixed at the bonded interface for the entire temperature range tested.
Spectrum-sharing capacity enhancement with distributed relaying (2012)

We consider a spectrum-sharing network where n secondary relays are used to increase the secondary rate. We propose a distributed amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying scheme combined with relay selection and clustering. For the proposed method we obtain a closed-form expression for the secondary rate, which shows that the rate grows proportionally to log n. Remarkably, this growth rate is on the same order as that achieved in the absence of a primary system and its imposed constraints. We find the optimal power strategy for the relays subject to primary constraints: to maximize the secondary rate, each of the selected relays need to transmit with power proportional to n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> (thus the sum of relay powers is bounded).
Selective and Shape-Selective Baeyer–Villiger Oxidations of Aromatic Aldehydes and Cyclic Ketones with Sn-Beta Zeolites and H2O2 (2002)

Sn-Beta is used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Baeyer-Villiger reaction with hydrogen peroxide. Cyclic ketones are transformed into the corresponding lactones, while unsaturated ketones are oxidized to the corresponding unsaturated lactones with very high chemoselectivity. The catalyst is also selective for the oxidation of aromatic aldehydes with H2O2, producing the formate ester or the corresponding hydrolyzed product, that is the alcohol. Shape-selective oxidations are observed for isomeric reactants with different molecular shapes. The catalytic Sn sites have been characterized by 119Sn MAS-NMR spectroscopy, and tetrahedral incorporation into the zeolite framework has been demonstrated. In situ IR spectroscopy and 18O labeling experiments have shown that the oxidation mechanism involves an intermediate of the Criegee type.
Development of Single-Ended Readout DOI Detector With Quadrisected Crystals (2020)

In this article, we developed the novel single-end readout depth-of-interaction (DOI) detector with quadrisected crystals comparable in size to a single photo sensor. The proposed DOI detector consists of 784 gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet (GAGG) crystals, which are arranged in four layers of 14 × 14 arrays coupled with an 8 × 8 multipixel photon counter (MPPC) array. The size of each GAGG crystal is 1.45 × 1.45 × 4.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . Also, each MPPC has a surface area of 3.0 × 3.0 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . One pair of four-layered crystals coupled with a partial optical window is arranged across two MPPCs. Boundaries without the partial optical window are covered with optical reflectors. Light sharing is done between a pair of four-layered crystals optically coupled at one end. Each pair is coupled with paired silicon photomultipliers of different patterns. Crystal identification from each pair is obtained from the output rate of two MPPCs. From 511-keV uniform irradiation, responses of all crystal elements in the four layers can be separated clearly on a 2-D position histogram after applying the Anger calculation. Also, DOI information can be mapped to each cluster on curved lines. The energy resolution for all crystals is 9.1% after event reduction of intercrystal scatter.
Ethanol Production in a Membrane Bioreactor (2001)

Pilot plant trials were conducted in a corn wet mill with a 7000-L membrane recycle bioreactor (MRB) that integrated ceramic microf iltration membranes in a semi-closed loop configuration with a stirred-tank reactor. Residence times of 7.5–10 h with ethanol outputs of 10–11.5% (v/v) were obtained when the cell concentration was 60–100 g/L dry wt of yeast, equivalent to about 109–1010 cells/mL. The performance of the membrane was dependent on the startup mode and pressure management techniques. A steady flux of 70 L/(m2 h) could be maintained for several days before cleaning was necessary. The benefits of the MRB include better productivity; a clear product stream containing no particulates or yeast cells, which should improve subsequent stripping and distillation operations; and substantially reduced stillage handling. The capital cost of the MRB is $21-$34/(m3 yr) ($0.08-$0.13/[gal yr]) of ethanol capacity. Operating cost, including depreciation, energy, membrane replacement, maintenance, labor, and cleaning, is $4.5–9/m3 ($0.017–$0.034/gal) of ethanol.
Pendant ionic groups of conjugated oligoelectrolytes govern their ability to intercalate into microbial membranes (2015)

Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) bearing pyridinium and carboxylate groups are synthesized, characterized, and compared to the trimethylammonium analogue from which they are derived. All COEs are able to spontaneously intercalate into liposomes, whereas only positively charged COEs intercalate into E. coli membranes. Membrane intercalation is determined necessary for performance enhancement in microbial fuel cells.
Multiphoton ionization of inner valence electrons and fragmentation of polyatomic molecules in an intense Ti:sapphire laser pulse (2000)

The photo-emission and fluorescence spectrum of N2 molecule interacting with strong Ti:Sapphire laser pulses was studied. An analysis of the spectra reveals strong evidence suggesting the occurrence of multiphoton ionization of the inner valence electrons of the molecule. Based on the possibility of inner valence electrons in polyatomic molecules, a model was proposed which is able to predict the abundance of different fragments of the molecule interacting with short laser pulses. According to this model the fragmentation of the molecules is the result of multiphoton ionization of the inner valence electrons which results in a molecular ion in an excited state. Through radiation-less transition the population is transferred to the highly excited levels of the ground electronic state. The molecular ion created in this manner is not stable and dissociates rapidly. Our model was tested on ethylene as example.
Using Phage Lytic Enzymes to Destroy Pathogenic and BW Bacteria (2005)

Abstract : We have exploited the rapid, lethal and highly specific action of bacteriophage lytic enzymes to destroy pathogenic bacteria. Our results show that in vitro 10(7) bacteria can be reduced to sterility seconds after enzyme contact. We now have enzymes that are specific for S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, and B. anthracis S. aureus, E. faecalis/E. faecium and group B streptococci. In animal models, we pre-colonize mice with either streptococcal or pneumococcal species (orally or nasally) and remove them completely with a single dose of phage enzyme delivered to these sites. In a septicemia model with S. pneumoniae, bacteria are reduced by >2-logs from the blood of infected animals with a single intravenous dose of enzyme. A lytic enzyme called PlyG from the gamma-phage of B. anthracis was specific for all worldwide isolates of B. anthracis. When >1 LD1 00 of B. anthracis bacilli were delivered i.v. to mice only 10% of animals, followed for 12 days, survived. When PlyG was injected i.v. 15 min after infection, 90% of the mice recovered fully. Resistance to the enzymes has not been found nor do antibodies neutralize their activity. Thus, phage lytic enzymes are a new reagent to control resistant pathogenic bacteria, offering a capability previously unavailable.
Recursive motion and structure estimation with complete error characterization (2002)

An algorithm that performs recursive estimation of ego-motion and ambient structure from a stream of monocular perspective images of a number of feature points is presented. The algorithm is based on an extended Kalman filter (EKF) that integrates over time the instantaneous motion and structure measurements computed by a two-perspective-views step. The key features of the authors' filter are: global observability of the model, and complete online characterization of the uncertainty of the measurements provided by the two-views step. The filter is thus guaranteed to be well-behaved regardless of the particular motion undergone by the observer. Regions of motion space that do not allow recovery of structure (e.g., pure rotation) may be crossed while maintaining good estimates of structure and motion. Whenever reliable measurements are available they are exploited. The algorithm works well for arbitrary motions with minimal smoothness assumptions and no ad hoc tuning. Simulations are presented that illustrate these characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of (S)‐(+)‐2‐Tridecanol Acetate, an Aggregation Pheromone Component of Drosophila mulleri. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A p-type Heusler compound: Growth, structure, and properties of epitaxial thin NiYBi films on MgO(100) (2012)

Epitaxial semiconducting NiYBi thin films were directly prepared on MgO(100) substrates by magnetron sputtering. The intensity ratio of the (200) and (400) diffraction peaks, I(200)/I(400) = 2.93, was close to the theoretical value (3.03). The electronic structure of NiYBi was calculated using WIEN2k and a narrow indirect band gap of width 210 meV was found. The valence band spectra of the films obtained by linear dichroism in hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy exhibit clear structures that are in good agreement with the calculated band structure of NiYBi.
The Founding Father? Edmund Barton and the Australian Constitution: Geoffrey Bolton, Edmund Barton (Allen & Unwin, 2000) (2002)

Professor Geoffrey Bolton provides in his book, 'Edmund Barton' a tightly confined traditional biographical narrative of the man. The book indicates that Barton came to be seen as the federal cause's actual and symbolic leader and commanded nationwide acceptability, known as Australia's Noblest Son. Review(s) of: Geoffrey Bolton, Edmund Barton, (Allen & Unwin, 2000)
Sialylation of Oligosaccharide on a Protein by Chemoenzymatic Method. (2000)

This article presents a new synthetic method for the preparation of cytidine-5′-monophospho-neuraminic acid analogues (CMP-NeuAc analogues) and the application of this reaction in combination with sialyltransferases. Several CMP-NeuAc analogues have been synthesized in moderate yields. The sialyltransferase reaction has further been applied to glycoprotein immobilization, in which a CMP-NeuAc was attached to a solid support at the 9″ position and the ability of this imbobilized molecule to effect a transfer reaction was confirmed by an assay using an asialoglycoprotein as the acceptor. Another aspect is a chemoenzymatic synthesis of modified sialyloligosaccharide. 9-Deoxy-9-fluoro- [3-13C] -NeuAc-α-2, 6- [U-13C] -Gal-β-1, 4-GlcNAc sequence was synthesized at the nonreducing end of an intact glycoprotein (ovalbumin) and its conformational properties were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. The conformational properties of sialylgalactoside on this protein turned out to be similar to those of NeuAc-α-2, 6-Gal-β-1, 4-GlcNAc-β-1- O (CH2) 8COOMe.
CTNI-31. RESECTION AND SURGICALLY TARGETED RADIATION THERAPY FOR TREATMENT OF LOCALLY RECURRENT GBM IN 28 PROSPECTIVELY TREATED PATIENTS (2021)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Recurrent GBM is a diffuse disease and resection (R) alone does not routinely provide durable local control (LC) or prolonged overall survival (OS). We hypothesized R plus immediate radiation (RT) utilizing a novel brachytherapy device might achieve more durable LC and thereby secondarily improve OS. METHODS From 2/2013-2/2018, locally recurrent GBM were treated in a single arm trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT#03088579) of R plus immediate implantation of a surgically targeted radiation therapy (STaRT) device utilizing Cs-131 in bioresorbable collagen tiles (GammaTile, GT Medical Technologies, Tempe AZ USA). RESULTS 28 patients (pts) were treated, 20 at first recurrence (range 1-3). Median age 58 (range 21-80), KPS 80 (60-100), female:male ratio 10:18. Median OS was 10.7 mo., radiographic LC 8.8 mo., and no first failure was local. MGMT, KPS, and sex were non-predictive. Post hoc analysis disclosed after R+STaRT, 17 pts (54%) received &amp;gt; 1 cycle of Sys (“Sys+”) and 13 (46%) did not (“Sys- “). Sys was given as adjuvant, salvage, or both, either alone or in combination. 15 pts received bevacizumab (BEV), 12 temozolomide (TMZ) and 8 lomustine (CCNU). Median OS (mo.) for Sys+ vs. Sys- was 15.1/6.5 (hazard ratio (HR) .38, p=.017); OS for BEV+ vs. BEV- was 16.7/4.5 (HR .38, p=.017), TMZ+ vs. TMZ- 17.5/6.7 (HR .40, p=.025) and for CCNU+ vs. CCNU- 17.5/7.9 (HR .61, p=.25), respectively. LC was 11.4 mo. for Sys+ vs. 2.1 mo. for Sys- (HR .44; p=.16). Three attributed AE occurred, 1 wound infection requiring surgery and 2 radiation brain effects, managed medically. CONCLUSION Post hoc analysis suggests R+STaRT+Sys may have the potential to impact OS in locally recurrent GBM, possibly by allowing sufficient time for effective but biologically slower treatments to have an impact. FDA clearance was received in 2018 for recurrent intracranial neoplasms and in 2020 for newly-diagnosed malignant brain tumors.
Special Issue on Recent Developments and Applications of Plasmonics (2018)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Data Supplement from Optimal Effector Functions in Human Natural Killer Cells Rely upon Autocrine Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling (2023)

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Improvement in the quality factors for photonic crystal nanocavities via visualization of the leaky components (2016)

A method that simply improves the quality (Q) factors of two-dimensional photonic crystal nanocavities using a three-dimensional finite-difference time domain calculation is described. The leaky area for a high-Q nanocavity mode is visualized in a real cavity structure by extracting the leaky components within a light cone in momentum space and by transferring them back into real space using an inverse Fourier transformation. The Q factor is remarkably improved by appropriately shifting the positions of air holes at the leaky area. We design three-missing-air-hole and zero-cell-defect nanocavities with Q factors of 5,000,000 and 1,700,000, respectively, for demonstration.
Joint Channel Estimation and Channel Decoding in Physical-Layer Network Coding Systems: An EM-BP Factor Graph Framework (2013)

This paper addresses the problem of joint channel estimation and channel decoding in physical-layer network coding (PNC) systems. In PNC, multiple users transmit to a relay simultaneously. PNC channel decoding is different from conventional multi-user channel decoding: specifically, the PNC relay aims to decode a network-coded message rather than the individual messages of the users. Although prior work has shown that PNC can significantly improve the throughput of a relay network, the improvement is predicated on the availability of accurate channel estimates. Channel estimation in PNC, however, can be particularly challenging because of 1) the overlapped signals of multiple users; 2) the correlations among data symbols induced by channel coding; and 3) time-varying channels. We combine the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and belief propagation (BP) algorithm on a unified factor-graph framework to tackle these challenges. In this framework, channel estimation is performed by an EM subgraph, and channel decoding is performed by a BP subgraph that models a virtual encoder matched to the target of PNC channel decoding. Iterative message passing between these two subgraphs allow the optimal solutions for both to be approached progressively. We present extensive simulation results demonstrating the superiority of our PNC receivers over other PNC receivers.
A COMPARISON OF SILICON AND III–V TECHNOLOGY PERFORMANCE AND BUILDING BLOCK IMPLEMENTATIONS FOR 10 AND 40 Gb/s OPTICAL NETWORKING ICs (2003)

Scalable models for both active and passive components are essential for the design of highly integrated fiber–optic physical layer ICs. This paper focuses on the various technology options available of 10 Gb/s and 40 Gb/s applications, on how their constituent components are modeled and what the characteristics and requirements are for the basic building blocks. As part of the technology comparison, an overview of the performance of leading edge Si CMOS, SiGe BiCMOS and III–V technologies is presented. Scalable models for SiGe HBTs and GaAs p–HEMTs are then compared with measured data for various device sizes. Inductors, varactors, transmission lines and isolation techniques on Si and III–V substrates are discussed next followed by technology–specific implementations of VCO and digital building blacks. Finally, Transimpedance Limiting Amplifier (TIALA) as well as laser and modulator driver designs in SiGe BiCMOS, InP HBT and GaAs p–HEMT processes using scalable device models are illustrated for 10 and 40 Gb/s fiber-optics applications.
Towards large-scale entanglement-enhanced interferometry (2022)

We report progress measuring Earth’s rotation with entangled photons. In our 2 km fiber Sagnac interferometer, we achieve milliradian sensitivity with cw light, find a preliminary signal, and work towards injecting 2-photon NOON states.
Increased Rates of Meal Absorption Do Not Explain Elevated 1-Hour Glucose in Subjects With Normal Glucose Tolerance (2018)

In subjects with NFG/NGT, elevated 1-hour peak postchallenge glucose concentrations reflect impaired <i>β</i>-cell function rather than increased systemic meal appearance.
Fabrication of Electrodes for Highly Sensitive Detection of a Superoxide Anion Radical by Electropolymerization of Thienylporphyrins in the Prescence of Thiophene and Application to Active Oxygen Sensors (2006)

活性酸素検出用電極触媒として, 鉄 (III) メソテトラ (3-チエニル) ポルフィリンブロミド ([FeBr(ttp)]) に1-メチルイミダゾールを軸配位させた六配位錯体 ([Fe(im)2(ttp)]Br) にチオフェンを混入させ, 電解重合法により重合膜を形成した. [Fe(im)2(ttp)]Brとチオフェンのモルユニット比は1 : 0, 1 : 4, 1 : 8, 1 : 16, 1 : 32, 1 : 100, 0 : 1とした. 作製した修飾電極のin vitroにおける機能評価として, キサンチン/キサンチンオキシダーゼ (XOD) 系によりスーパーオキシドアニオンラジカル (O2-・) を発生させると, クロノアンペロメトリーにおける残余電流からの電流値の上昇が得られた. 本センサーを用いたO2-・の電気化学的応答は, センサーの作用極に一定電圧を印加することにより, O2-・の触媒酸化電流として観測された. さらにXOD活性から算出したO2-・濃度と電流増加量の間に1次の相関が確認されたことから, O2-・を定量的に検出できることが示された. 電解重合膜において, モノマーである [Fe(im)2(ttp)]Brとチオフェンの混合比を変化させた場合, 導電率はチオフェン量の増加とともに増加したが, センサーの検出感度は, モル比1 : 8が最も高いことが明らかとなった. センサーの高感度化には, O2-・に対する活性点が多く, かつ導電性の高い重合膜が必要であることが明らかとなった.
On Bipartite Graphs Trees and Their Partial Vertex Covers. (2018)

Graphs can be used to model risk management in various systems. Particularly, Caskurlu et al. in [7] have considered a system, which has threats, vulnerabilities and assets, and which essentially represents a tripartite graph. The goal in this model is to reduce the risk in the system below a predefined risk threshold level. One can either restricting the permissions of the users, or encapsulating the system assets. The pointed out two strategies correspond to deleting minimum number of elements corresponding to vulnerabilities and assets, such that the flow between threats and assets is reduced below the predefined threshold level. It can be shown that the main goal in this risk management system can be formulated as a Partial Vertex Cover problem on bipartite graphs. It is well-known that the Vertex Cover problem is in P on bipartite graphs, however; the computational complexity of the Partial Vertex Cover problem on bipartite graphs has remained open. In this paper, we establish that the Partial Vertex Cover problem is NP-hard on bipartite graphs, which was also recently independently demonstrated [N. Apollonio and B. Simeone, Discrete Appl. Math., 165 (2014), pp. 37–48; G. Joret and A. Vetta, preprint, arXiv:1211.4853v1 [cs.DS], 2012]. We then identify interesting special cases of bipartite graphs, for which the Partial Vertex Cover problem, the closely related Budgeted Maximum Coverage problem, and their weighted extensions can be solved in polynomial time. We also present an 8/9-approximation algorithm for the Budgeted Maximum Coverage problem in the class of bipartite graphs. We show that this matches and resolves the integrality gap of the natural LP relaxation of the problem and improves upon a recent 4/5-approximation.
Active Switching of Adhesion in a Film-Terminated Fibrillar Structure (2010)

We show that a structure with a fibrillar surface terminated by a continuous film can be switched between two metastable states. The first state, in which the film is stretched between fibrils, has previously been shown to have strongly enhanced adhesion compared to an unstructured flat control. In the second state, the film collapses onto the substrate between fibrils and is held up away from the substrate at the fibrils, resulting in a surface with a periodic array of bumps with much reduced adhesion. The interface can be switched mechanically between these two states repeatedly, thus providing a means for active control of surface mechanical properties. We develop a simple model that shows what combination of parameters, such as film thickness, dimensions, and spacing between fibrils, is required for such an architecture to be metastable in each of these two states.
Oilfield Microbiology (2019)

Biodiesel consumption is ever-increasing worldwide through its use as pure product (B100) or its blending with petroleum diesel. In this context, it is still necessary to define the ecotoxicological-safety endpoints and to decipher the mechanisms of biodegradation in sites contaminated by biodiesel and its blends.This chapter aims to contribute to better elucidate the intrinsic bioremediation of soil contaminated by pure biodiesel (B100) and its low-level blends, at different depths. Employing contaminants degradation, culturable microbial biomass and ecotoxicity analyzes it was possible to demonstrate that the B5 and B100 biodegradation in contaminated soil can occurs satisfactorily up to 60 cm deep, mediated by autochthonous fungi and bacteria. However, our findings strongly suggest that Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) biodegradability is impaired when they are presented in blends.