gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revealing contributions to conduction from transport within ordered and disordered regions in highly doped conjugated polymers through analysis of temperature-dependent Hall measurements (2023)

Hall effect measurements in doped polymer semiconductors are widely reported, but are difficult to interpret due to screening of Hall voltages by carriers undergoing incoherent transport. Here, we propose a refined analysis for such Hall measurements, based on measuring the Hall coefficient as a function of temperature, and modelling carriers as existing in a regime of variable "deflectability" (i.e. how strongly they "feel" the magnetic part of the Lorentz force). By linearly interpolating each carrier between the extremes of no deflection and full deflection, we demonstrate that it is possible to extract the (time-averaged) concentration of deflectable charge carriers, $\left$, the average, temperature-dependent mobility of those carriers, $\left&lt;μ_d\right&gt;(T)$, as well as the ratio of conductivity that comes from such deflectable transport, $d(T)$. Our method was enabled by the construction of an improved AC Hall measurement system, as well as an improved data extraction method. We measured Hall bar devices of ion-exchange doped films of PBTTT-C$_{14}$ from 10--300 K. Our analysis provides evidence for the proportion of conductivity arising from deflectable transport, $d(T)$, increasing with doping level, ranging between 15.4% and 16.4% at room temperature. When compared to total charge-carrier-density estimates from independent methods, the values of $\left$ extracted suggest that carriers spend $\sim$37% of their time of flight being deflectable in the most highly doped of the devices measured here. The extracted values of $d(T)$ being less than half this value thus suggest that the limiting factor for conductivity in such highly doped devices is carrier mobility, rather than concentration.
Airway mechanics, gas exchange, and blood flow in a nonlinear model of the normal human lung (1998)

A model integrating airway/lung mechanics, pulmonary blood flow, and gas exchange for a normal human subject executing the forced vital capacity (FVC) maneuver is presented. It requires as input the intrapleural pressure measured during the maneuver. Selected model-generated output variables are compared against measured data (flow at the mouth, change in lung volume, and expired O2 and CO2 concentrations at the mouth). A nonlinear parameter-estimation algorithm is employed to vary selected sensitive model parameters to obtain reasonable least squares fits to the data. This study indicates that 1) all three components of the respiratory model are necessary to characterize the FVC maneuver; 2) changes in pulmonary blood flow rate are associated with changes in alveolar and intrapleural pressures and affect gas exchange and the time course of expired gas concentrations; and 3) a collapsible midairway segment must be included to match airflow during a forced expiration. Model simulations suggest that the resistances to airflow offered by the collapsible segment and the small airways are significant throughout forced expiration; their combined effect is needed to adequately match the inspiratory and expiratory flow-volume loops. Despite the limitations of this lumped single-compartment model, a remarkable agreement with airflow and expired gas concentration measurements is obtained for normal subjects. Furthermore, the model provides insight into the important dynamic interactions between ventilation and perfusion during the FVC maneuver.
The Invention and Development of CMOS Image Sensors (2023)

This paper describes the underlying technology in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors. The invention of CMOS image sensors with intra-pixel charge transfer is then presented. Continued improvements in CMOS image sensors are described. The realization of photon-counting CMOS image sensors as an emerging chapter in the CMOS image sensor story is also discussed.
Virtual cardioscopy: interactive endocardial visualization to guide RF cardiac ablation (2006)

Cardiac arrhythmias are a debilitating, potentially life threatening condition involving aberrant electrical activity in the heart which results in abnormal heart rhythm. Virtual cardioscopy can play an important role in minimally invasive treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Second and third generation image-guidance systems are now available for the treatment of arrhythmias using RF ablation catheters. While these 3D tools provide useful information to the clinician, additional enhancements to the virtual cardioscopy display paradigm are critical for optimal therapy guidance. Based on input from clinical collaborators, several key visualization techniques have been developed to enhance the use of virtual cardioscopy during cardiac ablation procedures. We have identified, designed and incorporated several visual cues important to successful virtual cardioscopy. These features include the use of global reference maps, parametric mapping, and focused navigation and targeting using abnormal electro-physiologic activity. Our virtual cardioscopy system is designed for real-time use during RF cardiac ablation procedures. Several unique visualizations from our virtual cardioscopy system will be presented. Evaluation of the system with phantom and animal studies will be presented. This research is supported by grant EB002834 from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health.
Estimating the In-Plane Young's Modulus of Polycrystalline Films in MEMS (2012)

Polycrystalline films in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sometimes have a crystallographic fiber texture that causes their in-plane Young's modulus to differ from the bulk isotropic value, which influences device behavior, lifetime, and reliability. We estimate the in-plane Young's modulus of electrodeposited nickel bridges in radio-frequency MEMS devices by measuring the crystallographic texture using X-ray diffraction and then computing a texture-weighted average of the single-crystal elastic coefficients. The nickel bridges have a 001 fiber texture and are predicted to have an in-plane Young's modulus of 195-200 GPa, about 5-7% less than the bulk isotropic value of 210 GPa. The method presented here takes into account the full distribution of crystallite orientations to predict the in-plane Young's modulus. The method is rapid, general, and capable of estimating the in-plane Young's modulus of polycrystalline film components in individual MEMS devices in an array, making it ideal for MEMS design, analysis, and quality control.
Shape estimation of subcutaneous adipose tissue using an articulated statistical shape model (2016)

The quantification of adipose tissue can give insights into obesity and the associated diseases. The segmentation of this tissue is however difficult, particularly due to the complex geometry and the local appearance similarities between the subcutaneous and visceral types. Shape priors can be used to regularise the segmentation of geometries with small variation in shape. However, human bodies are articulated and substantially different across subjects. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for the segmentation of the subcutaneous fat layer in full-body magnetic resonance imaging scans. The proposed method is based on a statistical shape model of the whole body surface, which is learned from geometric scans. The body model is factorised into pose and shape deformations, which allows a compact parametrisation of large variations in human shape. The proposed method is applied in the segmentation of five magnetic resonance imaging data-sets. The experiments show that the proposed model can be used to effectively segment the subcutaneous fat geometry in subjects with different body mass indices. The incorporation of the statistical model in the algorithm regularises the segmentation, and establishes correspondences between the subcutaneous fat layer of the geometries across subjects. The registration of the fat layer with a common geometry could facilitate the statistical analysis of the shape distribution across the different geometries.
Cotargeting Androgen Receptor and Clusterin Delays Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progression by Inhibiting Adaptive Stress Response and AR Stability (2013)

Although androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors prolong survival in castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), resistance rapidly develops and is often associated with increased stress-activated molecular chaperones like clusterin (CLU) and continued AR signaling. Because adaptive pathways activated by treatment facilitate development of acquired resistance, cotargeting the stress response, activated by AR inhibition and mediated through CLU, may create conditional lethality and improve outcomes. Here, we report that CLU is induced by AR antagonism and silencing using MDV3100 and antisense, respectively, to become highly expressed in castrate- and MDV3100-resistant tumors and cell lines. CLU, as well as AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalosomes, increase in response to MDV3100-induced stress. Mechanistically, this stress response is coordinated by a feed-forward loop involving p90rsk (RPS6KA)-mediated phosphoactivation of YB-1 with subsequent induction of CLU. CLU inhibition repressed MDV3100-induced activation of AKT and MAPK pathways. In addition, when combined with MDV3100, CLU knockdown accelerated AR degradation and repressed AR transcriptional activity through mechanisms involving decreased YB-1-regulated expression of the AR cochaperone, FKBP52. Cotargeting the AR (with MDV3100) and CLU (with OGX-011) synergistically enhanced apoptotic rates over that seen with MDV3100 or OGX-011 monotherapy and delayed CRPC LNCaP tumor and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression in vivo. These data indicate that cotargeting adaptive stress pathways activated by AR pathway inhibitors, and mediated through CLU, creates conditional lethality and provides mechanistic and preclinical proof-of-principle to guide biologically rational combinatorial clinical trial design.
Network Coding Applications (2008)

Network coding is an elegant and novel technique introduced at the turn of the millennium to improve network throughput and performance. It is expected to be a critical technology for networks of the future. This tutorial deals with wireless and content distribution networks, considered to be the most likely applications of network coding, and it also reviews emerging applications of network coding such as network monitoring and management. Multiple unicasts, security, networks with unreliable links, and quantum networks are also addressed. The preceding companion deals with theoretical foundations of network coding.
Cost Effective Soil pH Sensor Using Carbon-Based Screen-Printed Electrodes (2019)

This paper for the first time demonstrates a low cost, easy to make, disposable and paper-based soil pH sensor. The measurement of soil pH is performed using three electrode based electrochemical platform. The sensor is printed using screen-printing technique on a non-tearable hydrophobic paper. Carbon paste is modified with pH sensitive quinone moiety, alizarin, which shows 2e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> /2H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> redox process. The detection is carried out using square wave voltammetry at 25 ± 1°C. Eleven different kinds of soil have been collected from three different provinces in India. Samples are prepared using the standard protocol viz. 1M KCl and 0.01M CaCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The sensitivity is 60.61 mV/pH and 65.16 mV/pH for buffer solution containing 1M KCl and 0.01M CaCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , respectively. Two consecutive scans are taken for accurately measuring the soil pH. The first scan shows two peaks which correspond to different types of redox behaviour of alizarin. The second scan shows the actual pH behavior which is demonstrated for the first time. Soil samples prepared using KCl solution show the relative error within 4.9%. For CaCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> samples the relative error is within 2.9% for soil pH less than 7.3 and within 7.9% for pH greater than 7.3.
Catheter-Delivered In Vivo Gene Transfer into Rat Myocardium Using the Fusigenic Liposomal Mediated Method. (2000)

We compared the efficacy of four different in vivo hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome gene transfer methods, i.e., direct myocardial injection (i.m.), injection into the left ventricular cavity (LV), infusion at the level of the coronary cusps (CI), or injection into the left ventricular cavity with a balloon catheter blocking aortic flow (LV+B) to transfer beta-galactosidase, FlTC-labeled oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), and/or luciferase genes into the rat heart. I.m. caused highly efficient gene transfer in the limited area around the injection site, which suggests that i.m. may be a suitable method for targeted treatment of focal lesion. In the LV+B group, all rats had myocardial beta-galactosidase staining and fluorescence of FITC-labeled ODN in the nuclei of cardiac myocytes around the coronary arteries and the vasa vasorum, and some transfected myocytes were observed in the middle of the myocardium without any evidence of injury. In contrast, in the CI group, only half of the animals had myocardial expression of beta-galactosidase. In contrast, fluorescence or luciferase activity was present throughout the left ventricle in the LV+B group. However, the percentage of myocytes that exhibited fluorescence was less than 1% of the total ventricular myocyte population and luciferase activity in the LV+B group was 1.6% of that in the i.m. group. No evidence of luciferase expression was observed in brain, lung, liver, kidney, or testis in either the i.m. or LV+B group. These results suggest that HVJ-liposome gene transfer into the myocardium through the coronary arteries using a balloon-catheter technique is safe and has the potential for causing widespread transgene expression with organ-specificity, although the efficiency of gene transfer should be improved.
1TBulk eDRAM a reliable concept for nanometre scale high density and low power applications (2007)

International audience
Senescence, Telomere Shortening and Telomere Maintenance (2002)

Abstract No Abstract Available Commentary to: Title: Telomerase Protects Cancer-Prone Human Cells from Chromosomal Instability and Spontaneous Immortalization Authors: Lynne W. Elmore, Kristi C. Turner, Lauren S. Gollahon, Melissa R. Landon, Colleen K. Jackson-Cook and Shawn E. Holt Page Numbers: 391-397This article refers to:Telomerase Protects Cancer-Prone Human Cells from Chromosomal Instability and Spontaneous Immortalization
Methodology for simulated power analysis attacks on AES (2010)

This paper presents detailed methodology for performing simulated Power Analysis Attacks (PAAs) on gate level models of cryptographic components with Synopsys design tools. First the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) hardware model is developed for the experiment using VHDL. The model is then synthesized with Synopsys DesignCompiler and the 130-nm CMOS standard cell library. Simulated instantaneous power consumption waveforms are generated with Synopsys PrimeTime PX. Results are analyzed and successful single and multiple-bit Differential Power Analysis (DPA) attacks are performed on the waveforms. The AES hardware model did not implement any DPA countermeasure techniques.
The Interplay of Emotions and Norms in Multiagent Systems (2019)

We study how emotions influence norm outcomes in decision-making contexts. Following the literature, we provide baseline Dynamic Bayesian models to capture an agent's two perspectives on a directed norm. Unlike the literature, these models are holistic in that they incorporate not only norm outcomes and emotions but also trust and goals. We obtain data from an empirical study involving game play with respect to the above variables. We provide a step-wise process to discover two new Dynamic Bayesian models based on maximizing log-likelihood scores with respect to the data. We compare the new models with the baseline models to discover new insights into the relevant relationships. Our empirically supported models are thus holistic and characterize how emotions influence norm outcomes better than previous approaches.
Qualification of Radiocarbon Using Spectroscopic Means Final Report CRADA No. TC02170.0 (2018)

The purpose of this Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Picarro Inc. and Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, as operator of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (referred to individually as "LLNL") is to develop a new capability for measuring 14C in biological and environmental samples at levels near the isotopic natural abundance of this isotope.
2A2-P01 Gravity Compensation Torque Distribution for The Quadruped Walking Robot Using a Bi-articular Muscle (2015)

Robot that mimics the general biological limb has actuator in only each joint. However, organisms have Bi-articular muscle that moving simultaneously two joint. When viewed from the perspective of biology, Bi-articular muscle does not have not anti-gravity. But, when viewed from the perspective of robotics, it has very high anti-gravity. Bi-articular muscle there is a redundancy. Thus torque cannot be determined uniquely. Therefore, it is necessary to distribute the torque to determine the conditions for each motor. This paper has proposed torque distributor using the bi-articular muscles to gravity compensation for Quadruped walking robot. By using proposed torque distributor and Bi-articular muscles, it is possible to reduce the eneru when walking.
Solvent Extraction of Pentachlorophenol Associated with Humic Acids (2022)

The association of pentachlorophenol (PCP) with humic acids and the solvent extraction of this humic-associated PCP were studied. In the first experimental phase, 0.25, 1 and 4 mg/L PCP were contacted with 400, 800 and 2000 mg/L of humic acids measured as total organic carbon (TOC) for 1, 7, 28 and 92 days. After one day, between 15.4% and 78.9% of the PCP ultimately associated with the humic acids had reacted with the organic matter. The solutions with the greatest initial uptake were characterized by a high humic acid content. At 800 and 2000 mg/L TOC, the humic acids were present as dissolved and amorphous solid phases. The rates of association between PCP and the solid organics and between PCP and the dissolved fraction differed. In addition, the solid humics exhibited a greater affinity, as measured by partition coefficient, for PCP than did the dissolved organics. The abilities of methylene-tert-butyl-ether (MTBE) and methylene chloride (MeCl) to extract PCP from the humic acids were compared. MTBE extracted an average of 92.3% of the PCP free in solution. From the 92 day old PCP/humic acid solutions, MTBE removed only 55.8% to 71.5% and 0 to 7.36% of the PCP associated with the solid organic matter and dissolved humic acids, respectively. From the same solutions, MeCl extracted 63.5% to 83% of the PCP attached to the solid humics, and 0 to 22.7% of the PCP associated with the dissolved organics. The .extraction efficiency of MeCl for free PCP was 78.3%. Based on a second series of humic acid solutions, MTBE extracted an average of 76.7% and an average of 54.2% of the solid-associated PCP from one day old and 35 day old samples, respectively.
Structure-Function Correlation of G6, a Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor of Jak2 (2010)

Somatic mutations in the Jak2 protein, such as V617F, cause aberrant Jak/STAT signaling and can lead to the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms. This discovery has led to the search for small molecule inhibitors that target Jak2. Using structure-based virtual screening, our group recently identified a novel small molecule inhibitor of Jak2 named G6. Here, we identified a structure-function correlation of this compound. Specifically, five derivative compounds of G6 having structural similarity to the original lead compound were obtained and analyzed for their ability to (i) inhibit Jak2-V617F-mediated cell growth, (ii) inhibit the levels of phospho-Jak2, phospho-STAT3, and phospho-STAT5; (iii) induce apoptosis in human erythroleukemia cells; and (iv) suppress pathologic cell growth of Jak2-V617F-expressing human bone marrow cells ex vivo. Additionally, we computationally examined the interactions of these compounds with the ATP-binding pocket of the Jak2 kinase domain. We found that the stilbenoid core-containing derivatives of G6 significantly inhibited Jak2-V617F-mediated cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. They also inhibited phosphorylation of Jak2, STAT3, and STAT5 proteins within cells, resulting in higher levels of apoptosis via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Finally, the stilbenoid derivatives inhibited the pathologic growth of Jak2-V617F-expressing human bone marrow cells ex vivo. Collectively, our data demonstrate that G6 has a stilbenoid core that is indispensable for maintaining its Jak2 inhibitory potential.
Supercapacitors-based energy storage for urban mass transit systems (2011)

The advance in energy storage technologies allows to improve significantly the performances of electrified light transportation systems. This is aligned with the massive requirement of competitiveness compared to other transportation technologies in terms of sustainable energy and high reduction of environmental impact reduction. The present paper deals with the problem of designing and sizing supercapacitors energy storage systems applied in DC electrified mass transit systems (MTSs). More specifically, it is shown that the optimal design of a stationary energy storage device can be regarded as a classical isoperimetric problem, whose solution is very attractive in order to determine also the optimal allocation of the storage device, as well as it takes contemporaneously into account several technical aspects in an integrated manner. Some simulations with respect to a case study are presented, pointing out the potentiality of the tailored technique. Experimental results are also reported, with reference to a reduced scale model, in order to put in evidence the effectiveness and the actual implementation of the proposed optimization technique.
U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage Cost Benchmarks, With Minimum Sustainable Price Analysis: Q1 2022 (2022)

NREL's bottom-up cost models can be used to assess the minimum sustainable price (MSP) and modeled market price (MMP) of PV and storage systems having various configurations. MSP can be used to estimate future potential cost-reduction opportunities for PV and PV-plus-storage systems, thus helping guide research and development aimed at advancing cost-effective system configurations. MMP can be used to understand the cost of systems under recent market conditions. The MSP data in this annual benchmarking report will be used to inform the formulation of, and track progress toward, the Solar Energy Technologies Office's Government Performance and Reporting Act cost targets.