gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shear wave propagation in viscoelastic media: validation of an approximate forward model (2018)

Many approaches to elastography incorporate shear waves; in some systems these are produced by acoustic radiation force (ARF) push pulses. Understanding the shape and decay of propagating shear waves in lossy tissues is key to obtaining accurate estimates of tissue properties, and so analytical models have been proposed. In this paper, we reconsider a previous analytical model with the goal of obtaining a computationally straightforward and efficient equation for the propagation of shear waves from a focal push pulse. Next, this model is compared with an experimental optical coherence tomography (OCT) system and with finite element models, in two viscoelastic materials that mimic tissue. We find that the three different cases-analytical model, finite element model, and experimental results-demonstrate reasonable agreement within the subtle differences present in their respective conditions. These results support the use of an efficient form of the Hankel transform for both lossless (elastic) and lossy (viscoelastic) media, and for both short (impulsive) and longer (extended) push pulses that can model a range of experimental conditions.
Design of IIR filters for a limited number of samples with optimum dynamic frequency responses (2009)

This paper presents a new design method for optimum clutter IIR filters when projection initialization is used. This method minimizes the mean squared-error between the steady-state and the dynamic frequency responses. The designed filters offer better dynamic frequency responses for a given number of samples when compared to steady-state filters without initialization or with projection initialized filters. The improvement is achieved by redesigning the filter's feedback coefficients to minimize the mean squared-error for a given number of samples. New clutter filters were successfully designed for processing different numbers of samples and their performances were studied by comparing their dynamic frequency responses with the desired steady-state frequency responses.
The Novel Superconducting Clathrates: Ba6Ge25 and Na2Ba4Ge25 (2002)

The newly‐discovered clathrates Ba6Ge25 and its relatives consist of a rigidG ermanium framework, in which Barium or other metallic atoms are trapped. These ‘guest’ atoms can ‘rattle’ freely in the oversized cages at high temperature. In Ba6Ge25, some of Ba atoms aref rozen into the split positions randomly below 200 K. This structural phase transition results in a two‐step resistivity jump from metallic behavior to semiconductor‐like behavior characterized by a mean free path of 3Å. Surprisingly, a BCS‐like superconducting transition occursa t Tc ≈ 0.24 K in such a ‘bad metal’. By applying hydrostatic pressure, the structural phase transition is suppressed but Tc increases drastically. Tc reaches a maximum value of 3.85K at a critical pressure pc ≈ 2.8 GPa, where the structural distortion is completely suppressed and the system exhibits metallic behavior over the whole temperature range. Higher pressures lead to a slight decrease of Tc. On replacing 1/3 of the Ba atoms with Na, no structural phase transition iso bserved and the compound displays a similar behavior to Ba6Ge25 above pc, with Tc ≈ 1.05 K at ambient pressure. The relationship between the superconductivity and the structural phase transition is briefly discussed.
Learning Generalizable Pivoting Skills (2023)

The skill of pivoting an object with a robotic system is challenging for the external forces that act on the system, mainly given by contact interaction. The complexity increases when the same skills are required to generalize across different objects. This paper proposes a framework for learning robust and generalizable pivoting skills, which consists of three steps. First, we learn a pivoting policy on an “unitary” object using Reinforcement Learning (RL). Then, we obtain the object's feature space by supervised learning to encode the kinematic properties of arbitrary objects. Finally, to adapt the unitary policy to multiple objects, we learn data-driven projections based on the object features to adjust the state and action space of the new pivoting task. The proposed approach is entirely trained in simulation. It requires only one depth image of the object and can zero-shot transfer to real-world objects. We demonstrate robustness to sim-to-real transfer and generalization to multiple objects.
System Identification with Unbounded Loss Functions Under Algorithmic Deficiency (2006)

We describe and analyze a comprehensive learning model to address issues such as consistency, convergence rate, and sample complexity in the general context of system identification. The learning model is based on unbounded loss functions, and it incorporates a measure of algorithmic deficiency. We define and use a novel formulation of algorithmic solution that is an extension of the empirical risk minimization method in the sense that it uses a generic notion of side information as opposed to the commonly used input/output observation of a system. Sufficient conditions for consistency as well as closed form expressions for exponential convergence rate and sample complexity of the identification algorithm are derived
Network information flow with correlated sources (2005)

Consider the following network communication setup, originating in a sensor networking application we refer to as the "sensor reachback" problem. We have a directed graph G=(V,E), where V={v/sub 0/v/sub 1/...v/sub n/} and E/spl sube/V/spl times/V. If (v/sub i/,v/sub j/)/spl isin/E, then node i can send messages to node j over a discrete memoryless channel (DMC) (X/sub ij/,p/sub ij/(y|x),Y/sub ij/), of capacity C/sub ij/. The channels are independent. Each node v/sub i/ gets to observe a source of information U/sub i/(i=0...M), with joint distribution p(U/sub 0/U/sub 1/...U/sub M/). Our goal is to solve an incast problem in G: nodes exchange messages with their neighbors, and after a finite number of communication rounds, one of the M+1 nodes (v/sub 0/ by convention) must have received enough information to reproduce the entire field of observations (U/sub 0/U/sub 1/...U/sub M/), with arbitrarily small probability of error. In this paper, we prove that such perfect reconstruction is possible if and only if H(U/sub s/ | U/sub S(c)/) < /spl Sigma//sub i/spl isin/S,j/spl isin/S(c)/ for all S/spl sube/{0...M},S/spl ne/O,0/spl isin/S(c). Our main finding is that in this setup, a general source/channel separation theorem holds, and that Shannon information behaves as a classical network flow, identical in nature to the flow of water in pipes. At first glance, it might seem surprising that separation holds in a fairly general network situation like the one we study. A closer look, however, reveals that the reason for this is that our model allows only for independent point-to-point channels between pairs of nodes, and not multiple-access and/or broadcast channels, for which separation is well known not to hold. This "information as flow" view provides an algorithmic interpretation for our results, among which perhaps the most important one is the optimality of implementing codes using a layered protocol stack.
HV silicon-gate MOS integrated circuit for driving piezoelectric tactile displays (1974)

A 180-V Si-gate MOS transistor using standard MOS LSI technology and capable of driving piezoelectric tactile displays has been developed. A novel theory predicts accurately walkout of the transistor's high-voltage junction breakdown.
Nanoscopic electric potential probing: Influence of probe–sample interface on spatial resolution (2004)

Electric potential probing on the nanometer scale elucidates the operation of actively driven conducting, semiconducting, insulating and semi-insulating devices and systems. Spatial resolution of this analysis technique is shown to depend on the time required for the voltage measurement circuit to reach steady state with the local electric potential of the sample. Scanning voltage microscopy on actively biased buried heterostructure lasers reveals this time to be intrinsically long (10−2 s to 1 s) and to depend on material doping type (n- or p-type) and scan direction (to increasing or decreasing sample potential). The bandstructure of the probe–sample interface is examined and is shown to provide high incremental contact resistance to an equivalent circuit model of the measurement circuit. Practical scan speed limits are defined for accurate scanning electric potential measurements given a desired spatial resolution.
Gene 19 of bacteriophage T7. Overexpression, purification, and characterization of its product. (1988)

Gene 18 and 19 proteins of bacteriophage T7 are essential for DNA maturation and packaging. The phage capsid is the site of both maturation and packaging of T7 DNA. Both gene 18 and 19 proteins bind to capsid intermediates during DNA packaging but are not found in mature virions, suggesting that they play a direct role in the enzymatic mechanisms of DNA maturation and packaging. As part of an effort to reconstitute T7 DNA maturation and packaging with purified components, we have cloned and overexpressed T7 gene 19 in Escherichia coli. Gene 19 has been inserted downstream from the bacteriophage PL promoter controlled by the temperature-sensitive lambda repressor encoded by c1857. Upon thermal induction, most of the overproduced gene 19 protein is insoluble and inactive. However, by attenuation of the expression of gene 19 from the PL promoter, significant levels of soluble and active gene 19 protein are produced. Soluble gene 19 protein can be monitored by its ability to complement extracts of T7-infected cells for packaging of exogenous DNA. We have used this assay to monitor the activity of gene 19 protein during purification. The native protein is a monomer of molecular weight 66,000. We have also tested for the formation of a stable complex between gene 18 and 19 proteins. Coproduction of gene 18 and 19 proteins has no effect on either the solubility or activity of gene 19 protein, despite the fact that gene 18 protein is produced at at least 10-fold greater rates. Furthermore, we find no evidence for any interaction between soluble gene 18 and 19 proteins in extracts or between the purified proteins.
Design of RANTES-derived Peptides With Enhanced HIV-inhibitory Activity and Derivation of Resistant HIV-1 Strains (2005)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 11q in lung adenocarcinoma: identification of three independent regions. (1995)

We examined the pattern of allelic loss in 76 adenocarcinomas of the lung using 14 highly informative microsatellite markers on the long arm of chromosome 11. Loss of heterozygosity was found in 48 of 76 tumors (63%). Three distinct regions of deletion were identified. The first region, the most centromeric, lies between markers D11S940 and CD3D: the second, delimited by markers D11S924 and D11S925, is estimated to be 4 Mb in length, and has never been previously described; a third, more telomeric region, the length of which is also estimated to be in the range of 4 Mb, is bracketed by loci D11S1345 and D11S1328. These findings suggest the presence of at least three tumor suppressor genes on the long arm of chromosome 11, and confirm the relevance of 11q22-24, a region frequently deleted in carcinomas of the breast, ovary, uterine, cervix, colon, and malignant melanoma in the pathogenesis of solid tumors. The characterization of minimal regions of loss could provide the basis for the identification and cloning of the critical genes.
Dual Labeling Biotin Switch Assay to Reduce Bias Derived From Different Cysteine Subpopulations (2015)

Using a protocol comprising 2 tags for dual-labeling maximizes overall detection of SNO by reducing the previously unrecognized labeling bias derived from different cysteine subpopulations.
Intrinsic resistance of prostate cancer to the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 is related to expression of the anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 and additional survival and apoptosis regulating pathways (2007)

A281 Background: ABT-737 is a novel and potent oral small molecule inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins. ABT-737 has substantial single agent or synergistic activity in myeloid/lymphoid malignancies and small cell lung cancer. Overexpression of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL is linked to prostate cancer progression, hence rendering Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL attractive therapeutic targets. The in vitro activities of ABT-737 in prostate cancer models and potential resistance mechanisms were investigated.  Methods: Cytotoxicity of ABT-737 and potential synergism with apoptosis inducing stimuli was investigated in PC3, DU145, C42, LNCaP cell using cell viability assay. Expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 members in PC cell lines was assessed by immunoblotting (IB) and related to cytotoxic effect of ABT-737. The effect of serum deprivation (SD) on ABT-737 cytotoxicity was assessed and explorative studies of potential ABT-737 resistance mechanisms under serum deprived growing conditions were conducted. The impact of Mcl-1 down regulation following transfection with specific antisense oligodeoxynuleotide (ODN) on ABT-737 induced cytotoxicity was evaluated.  Results: ABT-737 had no to minor cytotoxic effect in tested PC lines (IC50 > 10μM, 72hours). Combination of ABT-737 with androgen-deprivation or cyctotoxic agents (paclitaxel, CDDP) caused no or mild additive effect (20-40%) in some but not other cell lines. In contrast, SD (72hours) exhibited pronounced synergistic activity with ABT-737 (IC50 0.5μM PC3/DU145/C42, 2.5μM LNCaP) but not the inactive enantiomer while no impact on cell viability by SD alone was noted. Expression signature of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins demonstrated that Mcl-1 was expressed in all PC lines on IB. Mcl-1 down regulation following antisense ODN markedly restored sensitivity to ABT-737 (IC50 2-3 μM) but not enantiomer in all but DU145 (IC50 5-10μM). Expression dynamics of pro-/anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, clusterin, PI3K, MAPK under normal and SD growing conditions indicated several potential mechanisms associated with ABT-737 resistance in PC.  Conclusion: ABT-737 did not demonstrate single agent activity or meaningful additive/synergistic activity with commonly used therapeutic maneuvers in preclinical prostate cancer models. Sensitivity to ABT-737 appeared to be restored upon serum withdrawal in PC model. Multiple and cell line specific expression and alterations in signaling and apoptosis regulating proteins were associated with serum withdrawal. Our results identify Mcl-1 as an important determinant of ABT-737 resistance and validate Mcl-1 as potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
Synthesis of Ag/SiO_2/Chitosan Nanocomposites and Its Analytical Application for Adsorbing Chromium(VI) (2012)

The Ag/SiO2/Chitosan nanocomposites were synthesized by the reverse microemulsion method and characterized by TEM,CV(cyclic voltammetry) and UV-Vis spectroscopy.The results show that the nanocomposites present better electrical conductivity,anion channel effect and adsorption effect for chromium(Ⅵ).Based on these findings as well as the use of chemically modified electrode technique,a sensitive and selective electrochemiluminescence method for chromium(Ⅵ) was developed.Under the optimal experimental conditions,the enhancing ECL(electrochemiluminescence) intensity was linear with the concentration of chromium(Ⅵ) in the range of 2.0×10-12—1.0×10-10 g/mL.The detection limit for chromium(Ⅵ) was 2×10-13 g/mL.
Cervical cancer (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Helicobacter pylori infection in pigs is dominated by a Th1 and cytotoxic immune response (43.17) (2012)

Abstract H. pylori is the leading cause for peptic ulcer disease and gastric adenocarcinoma. While iTreg are required for long-term colonization without disease, Th1 and Th17 responses are associated with lower bacterial load at the expense of gastric pathology. We have developed computational models of H. pylori infection predicting a dominant Th1-response that results in lesion development in the gastric mucosa. In this study, pigs were infected with H. pylori strain SS1 or J99. Changes in PBMC populations were monitored over 2 months. Bacterial loads were assessed at 9 and 57 days post-infection. Both strains elicit a Th1 response with increased percentage of CD4+Tbet+ cells and elevated Tbet and IFN-γ mRNA in PBMC. A subset of CD8β+ cells expressing Tbet increased due to infection. These cells expressed low levels of CD8β, a property of cytotoxic T cells previously exposed to their cognate peptide. A significant increase of NK cells was observed in infected pigs pointing towards a predominant cytotoxic immune response. Strain J99 evoked a more dramatic acute response associated with bacterial clearance, while strain SS1 showed long-term colonization capacity. Ex vivo functional assays indicate strain-specific, weak and suppressed memory immune responses suggesting that specific virulence factors contribute to suppression of immune responses and chronic persistence. Data from this study will be used in the modeling process to refine computational models of H. pylori infection.
MOR4R (2015)

This research presents a technique to make an acrylic (PMMA: polymethylmethacrylate) 3D craft using common home electronic equipment, a microwave oven. Though personal fabrication is growing widely popular by the price reduction of digital fabrication tools, the installation of laser cutter at home is still difficult because of issues of safety and health. By pasting properly sized susceptor sheet to the PMMA, and microwaving it about 3 minutes with 800W, the only part where the susceptor is pasted becomes soft enough to bend and cut. The selectability of heating spot allows the creator to form a rigid shape, in the way like folding an origami.
Exploring Time-Dependent Concerns about Pregnancy and Childbirth from Search Logs (2015)

We study time-dependent patterns of information seeking about pregnancy, birth, and the first several weeks of caring for newborns via analyses of queries drawn from anonymized search engine logs. We show how we can detect and align web search behavior for a population of searchers with the natural clock of gestational physiology via proxies for ground truth based on searchers' self-report queries (e.g., [I am 30 weeks pregnant and my baby is moving a lot]). Then, we present a methodology for performing additional alignments, that are valuable for learning about the concerns, curiosities, and needs that arise over time with pregnancy and early parenting. Our findings have implications for learning about the temporal dynamics of pregnancy-related interests and concerns, and also for the design of systems that tailor their responses to point estimates of each searcher's current stage in pregnancy.
Molecular radiative transport. II. Monte-Carlo simulation (1996)

The theory of radiative transport allows in principle the accurate calculation of the fluorescence intensity and anisotropy decays, and of the fluorescence spectrum and macroscopic quantum yield, under given conditions. However, most of the coefficients of the theoretical expressions are in general not amenable to analytic form, and even their numeric computation is quite difficult. Given the probabilistic nature of the underlying processes of absorption and emission, a Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation built upon the basic theoretical equations is particularly well suited for the task. In this work, we discuss and carry out detailed simulations for a realistic system (rhodamine 101 in ethanol) in a finite three-dimensional volume that reproduces a common fluorescence cell. The two usual geometries of detection are considered: front face and right angle. The MC simulation method developed allows, for the first time, the accurate calculation of the effect of radiative transport on fluorescence intensity and anisotropy decays, time-resolved and steady-state spectra, as well as on the values of the macroscopic quantum yield and steady-state anisotropy. Because the spatial distribution of each generation of excited molecules can also be obtained with this method, a direct and clear picture of the spatial evolution of the excitation is also obtained.
UWB-over-Fiber System for Railroad Crossing Surveillance (2015)

The Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology is a consolidated solution which combines both the high capacity transport of fiber optics and the flexibility of wireless access. At the same time, ultrawide-band (UWB) has attracted growing attention due to its promising capabilities to provide high resolution with low cost and low power consumption in surveillance systems. In this paper, we perform a feasibility study of UWB-overfiber (UWBoF) systems to improve the safety of rail crossing surveillance areas in case of entrapped vehicles providing location and volume information about the obstacles. Two UWBoF solutions will be compared, which combine proper processing of UWB signal and backhauling over the already deployed optical fiber backbone, identifying promising architectures for the enhancement of level crossings safety.
Advanced Audio Identification Using MPEG-7 Content Description (2001)

Driven by an increasing need for characterizing multimedia material, much research effort has been spent in the field of content-based classification recently. This paper presents a system for automatic identification of audio material from a database of registered works. The system is designed to allow reliable, fast and robust detection of audio material with the resources provided by today’s standard computing platforms. Based on low level signal features standardized within the MPEG-7 framework, the underlying audio fingerprint format bears the potential for worldwide interoperability. Particular attention is given to issues of robustness to common signal distortions, providing good performance not only under laboratory conditions, but also in real-world applications. Improvements in discrimination, speed of search and scalability are discussed. HELLMUTH ET AL. ADVANCED AUDIO IDENTIFICATION
CDK12 inhibition reduces abnormalities in cells from patients with myotonic dystrophy and in a mouse model (2020)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an RNA-based disease with no current treatment. It is caused by a transcribed CTG repeat expansion within the 3' untranslated region of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (<i>DMPK</i>) gene. Mutant repeat expansion transcripts remain in the nuclei of patients' cells, forming distinct microscopically detectable foci that contribute substantially to the pathophysiology of the condition. Here, we report small-molecule inhibitors that remove nuclear foci and have beneficial effects in the HSA<sup>LR</sup> mouse model, reducing transgene expression, leading to improvements in myotonia, splicing, and centralized nuclei. Using chemoproteomics in combination with cell-based assays, we identify cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) as a druggable target for this condition. CDK12 is a protein elevated in DM1 cell lines and patient muscle biopsies, and our results showed that its inhibition led to reduced expression of repeat expansion RNA. Some of the inhibitors identified in this study are currently the subject of clinical trials for other indications and provide valuable starting points for a drug development program in DM1.