gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FOLDING MECHANICS OF BI-LAYER GRAPHENE SHEET (2012)

Folding in graphene sheet has been extensively observed experimentally. While it is generally recognized that such a conformational state can influence the electronic, magnetic and mechanical properties of graphene nanostructures, the mechanism driving the nonlinear mechanical deformation remains an interesting subject of study. Here we present an investigation on the folding in bi-layer graphene sheet due to in-plane compression. To describe the lattice registry effect of interlay cohesion in layered graphitic structures, a registry-dependent potential model was implemented. We have determined the critical length to stabilize the graphene folding to be 5.4~10.7 nm through both theoretical and simulation analysis. The mechanism for such a stabilized fold is attributed to the variations in the inter-layer interaction energy that produces a friction-like effect. The climbing image nudged elastic band (CINEB) calculations predicted an identical activation energy barrier associated with the transition between flat and folded configurations, 0.47 eV/Å, for graphene sheets with length of 7~10 nm. When the mechanical stimulation is high enough to overcome the energy barrier, the supported graphene sheet can be folded to form a nanotube.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Substituted N‐Homoalkylaromatic Amines Under PTC Conditions. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Search for diphoton events with large missing transverse energy with 36 pb−1 of 7 TeV proton–proton collision data with the ATLAS detector (2011)

Making use of 36 pb -1 of proton-proton collision data at s = 7 TeV, the ATLAS Collaboration has performed a search for diphoton events with large missing transverse energy. Observing no excess of events above the Standard Model prediction, a 95% Confidence Level (CL) upper limit is set on the cross section for new physics of < 0.38-0.65 pb in the context of a generalised model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking (GGM) with a bino-like lightest neutralino, and of < 0.18-0.23 pb in the context of a specific model with one universal extra dimension (UED). A 95% CL lower limit of 560 GeV, for bino masses above 50 GeV, is set on the GGM gluino mass, while a lower limit of 1/R > 961 GeV is set on the UED compactification radius R. These limits provide the most stringent tests of these models to date.
Aging of Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts (2003)

There is substantial evidence that aging is related to the finite ability of somatic cells to divide and repair damaged tissue. Since the seminal observation of Hayflick and Moor head (1) that cultured human fibroblasts have a finite replicative lifespan, a great deal of basic biological research on aging has been based on the model of cellular senescence in vitro (2).
Modularity versus Laplacian Eigenmaps for dimensionality reduction and classification of hyperspectral imagery (2014)

Since hyperspectral imagery typically contains information from hundreds of spectral bands, dimensionality reduction is often used as a pre-processing step in algorithms for classifying pixels/regions. A popular algorithm for dimensionality reduction is Laplacian Eigenmaps (LE), which uses a graph-based model of the hyperspectral data and constructs a basis for the reduced-dimensional space from a few generalized eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian matrix. A related matrix that can be constructed from the same graph-based model is the modularity matrix, which has been used in complex network problems to detect “community” structures in graphs. In this paper, we use the modularity matrix to construct a basis for dimensionality reduction, yielding an algorithm called Modularity Eigenmaps (ME). We then assess the performance of ME versus LE on the subsequent classification of publicly available hyperspectral imagery with known ground truth labels, illustrating a tradeoff between accuracy/precision measures and computational speed.
Cardiac potential and potential gradient fields generated by single, combined, and sequential shocks during ventricular defibrillation. (1992)

BACKGROUND Potential gradient field determination may be a helpful means of describing the effects of defibrillation shocks; however, potential gradient field requirements for defibrillation with different electrode configurations have not been established. METHODS AND RESULTS To evaluate the field requirements for defibrillation, potential fields during defibrillation shocks and the following ventricular activations were recorded with 74 epicardial electrodes in 12 open-chest dogs with the use of a computerized mapping system. Shock electrodes (2.64 cm2) were attached to the lateral right atrium (R), lateral left ventricular base (L), and left ventricular apex (V). Four electrode configurations were tested: single shocks of 14-msec duration given to two single anode-single cathode configurations, R:V and L:V, and to one dual anode-single cathode configuration, (R+L):V; and sequential 7-msec shocks separated by 1 msec given to R:V and L:V (R:V----L:V). Defibrillation threshold (DFT) current was significantly lower for R:V----L:V than for the other configurations and markedly higher for L:V. Despite these differences, the minimum potential gradients measured at DFT were not significantly different (approximately 6-7 V/cm for each electrode configuration). Potential gradient fields generated by the electrode configurations were markedly uneven, with a 15-27-fold change from lowest to highest gradient, with the greatest decrease in gradient occurring near the shock electrodes. Although gradient fields varied with the electrode configuration, all configurations produced weak fields along the right ventricular base. Early sites of epicardial activation after all unsuccessful shocks occurred in areas in which the field was weak; 87% occurred at sites with gradients less than 15 V/cm. Ventricular tachycardia originating in high gradient areas near shock electrodes followed 11 of 67 successful shocks. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that 1) defibrillation fields created by small epicardial electrodes are very uneven; 2) achievement of a certain minimum potential gradient over both ventricles is necessary for ventricular defibrillation; 3) the difference in shock strengths required to achieve this minimum gradient over both ventricles may explain the differences in DFTs for various electrode configurations; and 4) high gradient areas in the uneven fields can induce ectopic activation after successful shocks.
An Investigation into the Importance of Polymer–Matrix Miscibility Using Surfactant Modified Matrix‐assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (1997)

Sample preparation, namely finding a suitable matrix–analyte combination, has been one of the most important concerns in using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) for synthetic polymers. Herein we report the novel use of surfactants in the polymer sample preparation procedure. Specifically, three nonionic surfactants were investigated for MALDI analysis of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This approach resulted in major enhancements in the PMMA molecular ion signals with dithranol as the matrix. The results illustrate the importance of polymer–matrix miscibility in optimizing MALDI investigations. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicle (2015)

The goal of this paper is to analyze the performance of regenerative energy storage systems (ESS) in electric vehicles. This article presents a comparison of two different hybrid ESSs and using the Li-ion based conventional battery packs. The hybrid ESSs considered in this study combine Li-ion cells with ultra capacitors and hydraulic systems respectively. The configuration of each of these combinations is presented in this document in detail. Performance of all three ESSs for drive cycles has been compared using the Autonomie software.
Fluid dosing of pigment dispersions in electrofluidic displays (2010)

This paper will discuss fluid dosing and results of electrofluidic display technology which has demonstrated bi-stable, video speed, reflective pixels with white state reflectance and color brightness beyond the capabilities of currently available display technologies.
IR fiber optics for biomedical applications (2000)

The availability of low loss and high strength chalcogenide fibers is enabling many applications, including biomedical. We report the use of chalcogenide fibers for IR laser power delivery for surgery, biomedical spectroscopy (tissue analysis) and scanning near field IR microscopy (SNIM). For example, lateral resolution of 20 nm and optical resolution of about 100 nm have been demonstrated for SNIM.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEX CHEMISTRY OF REACTIVE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. XLV. ORGANOMETALLIC METHANEDIAZO COMPLEXES: PROTONATION AND CYCLOADDITION (1984)

Abstract Die Säure‐Reaktionen des W‐Komplexes (II) werden durch Solvens‐Effekte stark beeinflußt. Während Trifluormethansulfonsäure in Diethylether die glatte Protonierung zum salzartigen Derivat (I) bewirkt, bildet sich im koordinationsfähigen Lösungsmittel Acetonitril durch eine neuartige Cycloaddition die Verbindung (III).
IR-Assisted Ionization of He+/He++ by Attosecond Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Radiation (2010)

High harmonics, in form of attosecond pulse trains, are used to coherently excite He*/He*+ states just below the He+/He++ ionization threshold. IR-induced He+ yield shows evidence of sub-cycle modulation of atomic stark shift.
Immunization against the polyoma tumor‐specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) with polyoma T‐antigens (1988)

The relationship between the polyoma virus tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) and 2 of the virus proteins coded from the early region of polyomavirus was investigated. Mice were immunized with small T antigen and a truncated mutant of middle T antigen, both purified from genetically engineered Escherichia coli. The 2 proteins induced protective immunity against polyomavirus-induced tumors, but not against non-polyoma tumors, indicating that one or more of the polyoma T antigens are directly involved in a TSTA function.
Accumulation of Snow in Alpine Areas of Central Colorado and Means of Influencing it (1965)

Abstract The accumulation of snow in terrain depressions was studied in an alpine basin in central Colorado. Snow fences and a jet roof were built up-wind of several natural catchments to see if such barriers could be used in combination with terrain features to produce snow fields that would persist until late summer. At three of the six test sites, fences increased snow depths appreciably and the snow fields persisted longer than usual. At the other test sites snow depths were increased close behind the fences but were decreased farther down-wind with no net increase in the amount of snow caught.
A Synthetic Entry to Furo[2,3‐b]pyridin‐4(1H)‐ones and Related Furoquinolinones via Iodocyclization. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Fast fc Automatic Tuning Circuit with Wide Tuning Range for WCDMA Direct Conversion Receiver Systems (2007)

A fast f c automatic tuning circuit suitable for WCDMA systems is proposed. The circuit employs master-slave architecture using digitally controlled G m -C filter for avoiding long transient response. The tuning feedback loop contains a 2-bit up-down counter ADC for fast tuning operation. Furthermore, to avoid degradation of f c tuning accuracy due to reference feedthrough, an analog loop filter with notch located near reference frequency is used. The fast f c automatic tuning circuit is fabricated in a SiGe BiCMOS process. The tuning time within 200μs is achieved for 35 chips from 2 lots and the standard deviation of 25.5 kHz is obtained for the average f c of 2.12 MHz.
Solution Blowing Synthesis of Li-Conductive Ceramic Nanofibers (2020)

Solid state electrolytes (SSEs) offer great potential to enable high-performance and safe lithium (Li) batteries. However, the scale-up synthesis and processing of SSEs is a major challenge. In this work, three-dimensional networks of lithium lanthanum titanite (LLTO) nanofibers are produced through a scale-up technique based on solution blowing. Compared with the conventional electrospinning method, the solution blowing technique enables high-speed fabrication of SSEs (e.g., 15 times faster) with superior productivity and quality. Additionally, the room-temperature ionic conductivity of composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) formed from solution-blown LLTO fibers is 70% higher than the ones formed from electrospun fibers (1.9 × 10 <sup>-4</sup> vs 1.1 × 10<sup>-4</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> for 10 wt % LLTO fibers). Furthermore, the cyclability of the CPEs made from solution-blown fibers in the symmetric Li cell is more than 2.5 times that of the CPEs made from electrospun fibers. These comparisons show that solution-blown ion-conductive fibers hold great promise for applications in Li metal batteries.
Characterization of Materials with Low Secondary Electron Emission Yield for High-Power Microwave Devices (2005)

Summary form only given. Over the last few years, there has been a great deal of interest in secondary electron emission (SEE) phenomena. SEE results from the interaction of materials with electrons, atoms, or ions. The amount of secondary emission depends on factors such as the bulk and surface properties of materials, the energy of incident particles, and their angle of incidence. When studying SEE, one is interested in determining the total secondary electron emission yield, which is defined as the number of secondary electrons produced per incident primary electron. The goal of our research is to identify novel materials (with a very low SEE yield coefficient) that will make high-power microwave devices more efficient and robust. To this end, we have employed a low-energy electron gun (5 eV to 2000 eV) to characterize different materials. These measurements have been performed in the DC regime, but pulsed mode measurements are planned for the future to supplement the data. In addition, in support of the experiments, ICEPIC (improved concurrent electromagnetic particle-in-cell) simulations of SEE will be performed. Results obtained to-date will be presented
Network Convergence in 5G Transport (2019)

A novel network concept for the agnostic transport of mobile and enterprise traffic is described and experimentally validated. It is based on DWDM transmission, deterministic switching and a smart control. Finally, technology enablers are discussed.
Butanol tolerance in microorganisms (2023)

Provided herein are recombinant yeast host cells and methods for their use for production of fermentation products from a pyruvate utilizing pathway. Yeast host cells provided herein comprise reduced pyruvate decarboxylase activity and modified adenylate cyclase activity. In embodiments, yeast host cells provided herein comprise resistance to butanol and increased biomass production.
Highly efficient, narrow-linewidth, and single-frequency actively and passively Q-switched fiber-bulk hybrid Er:YAG lasers operating at 1645 nm (2008)

High power, highly efficient single frequency oscillation of Er:YAG fiber-bulk hybrid laser at 1645 nm is demonstrated in actively and passively Q-switched operation modes. The slope efficiencies in the active and passive Q-switched operation reached 75% and 20%, respectively, with the record output powers in the narrow-linewidth and single longitudinal mode regimes of operation.
The Learning Curve for Surgical Margins After Open Radical Prostatectomy: Implications for Margin Status as an Oncological End Point (2010)

We noted a learning curve for surgical margins after open radical prostatectomy. The poor concordance between surgeon margin and recurrence rates suggests that while margins clearly matter and efforts should be made to decrease positive margin rates, surgical margin status is not a strong surrogate for cancer control. These results have implications for using the margin rate to evaluate changes in surgical technique and as surgeon feedback.
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans: Key Players in Cartilage Biology (2005)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a fundamental role in skeletal patterning and formation of the vertebrate skeleton. This review focuses on the fundamental roles associated with heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans in the ECM during cartilage development, which include regulation of gene expression, presentation of growth factors, establishment of morphogen gradients, and modulation of blood homeostasis. The importance of enzymes involved in biosynthesis and assembly of heparan sulfate is also discussed. Finally, the current evidence for functions of individual HS proteoglycans and biosynthetic enzymes based upon human genetic mutation associations with disease and genetic manipulation in transgenic mice is presented. These findings highlight the important role played by HS proteoglycans, such as perlecan, in cartilage development and skeletal growth.
Three-dimensional metamaterials: from split ring resonator to toroidal metamolecule (2014)

Split ring resonator (SRR) has attracted wide attentions since the discovery of negative refraction in 2002. Here, we designed and fabricated vertical SRR (VSRR) arrays and toroidal metamolecule by using double exposure e-beam lithography with precise alignment technique, and their resonance behaviors are subsequently studied in optical region. The fundamental resonance properties of VSRR are studied as well as the plasmon coupling in a VSRR dimer structure by changing the gap distance between SRRs. In addition, we proposed a three-dimensional toroidal structure composed a VSRR with a dumbbell structure that supported a toroidal resonance under normal incidence with broadband working frequency. Such toroidal metamaterial confines effectively the electric as well as magnetic energy paving a way for promising applications in the field of plasmonics, such as integrated 3D plasmonic metamaterials, plasmonic biosensor and lasing spaser.
3D chromatin remodeling potentiates transcriptional programs driving cell invasion (2022)

The contribution of deregulated chromatin architecture, including topologically associated domains (TADs), to cancer progression remains ambiguous. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a central regulator of higher-order chromatin structure that undergoes copy number loss in over half of all breast cancers, but the impact of this defect on epigenetic programming and chromatin architecture remains unclear. We find that under physiological conditions, CTCF organizes subTADs to limit the expression of oncogenic pathways, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and cell adhesion networks. Loss of a single CTCF allele potentiates cell invasion through compromised chromatin insulation and a reorganization of chromatin architecture and histone programming that facilitates de novo promoter-enhancer contacts. However, this change in the higher-order chromatin landscape leads to a vulnerability to inhibitors of mTOR. These data support a model whereby subTAD reorganization drives both modification of histones at de novo enhancer-promoter contacts and transcriptional up-regulation of oncogenic transcriptional networks.
Privacy Risk Evaluation of Re-Identification of Pseudonyms (2019)

In recent years, personal data collected from applications or web sites have been utilized in various occasions all over the world. Under such circumstances, evaluating the anonymity of personal data quantitatively is quite important in terms of privacy preservation. In this paper, we propose Average Re-identification Rate(ARR), as one of the anonymity-evaluation method, which is based on a similarity of historical data. Our proposing method adopts a multi-pseudonymization which updates pseudonyms on fixed-time intervals, and evaluates re-identification risk in a certain interval determined in advance. We also apply several methods to evaluate data similarity such as Jaccard index and inverse document frequency(idf) to the proposing method and compare their properties on a collected web-browsing history data. Moreover, we consider speed-up methods to calculate similarity.
X-ray-induced Luminescence Properties of Nd-doped GdVO4 (2021)

Nd-doped GdVO 4 single crystals were synthesized and their photoluminescence and scintillation properties were evaluated. The Nd-doped samples showed scintillation due to the 4f-4f transitions of Nd 3+ with peaks at around 900, 1060, and 1320 nm. In addition, we evaluated the relationship between the scintillation signal intensity and the X-ray exposure dose rate for dosimetric application. All the Nd-doped samples demonstrated high sensitivity with a dynamic range from 0.006 to 60 Gy/h.
Coherent Optical Phonons in the Iron Oxypnictide SmFeAsO1-xFx(x=0.075) (2011)

Coherent optical phonons with the Fe-related mode B_1g(Fe) in the iron oxypnictide SmFeAsO_1-xF_x (x=0.075) are observed using femtosecond time-resolved reflection measurements with electrooptic sampling, in addition to the A_1g(Sm) and A1g(As) modes. The time evolution of the frequency and amplitude of optical phonons is studied and the lifetimes of phonons are estimated. The frequency softening and positive frequency chirp related to the strong carrier-phonon coupling are found for the A1g(Sm) mode.
Identification of mutations in the connexin 26 gene that cause autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (1998)

Mutations in the Cx26 gene have been shown to cause autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) at the DFNB1 locus on chromosome 13q12. Using direct sequencing, we screened the Cx26 coding region of affected and nonaffected members from seven ARNSHL families either linked to the DFNB1 locus or in which the ARNSHL phenotype cosegregated with markers from chromosome 13q12. Cx26 mutations were found in six of the seven families and included two previously described mutations (W24X and W77X) and two novel Cx26 mutations: a single base pair deletion of nucleotide 35 resulting in a frameshift and a C-to-T substitution at nucleotide 370 resulting in a premature stop codon (Q124X). We have developed and optimized allele-specific PCR primers for each of the four mutations to rapidly determine carrier and noncarrier status within families. We also have developed a single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) assay which covers the entire Cx26 coding region. This assay can be used to screen individuals with nonsyndromic hearing loss for mutations in the CX26 gene.
Serial Concatenation of LDPC Codes and Dieren tially Encoded Modulations (2004)

In this paper, we consider serially concatenated schemes with outer novel and ecien t Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes and inner modulations effective against channel impairments, or LDPC coded modulations. With a pragmatic approach, we show how to design LDPC codes tailored for simple and robust modulation formats, like Dier entially Encoded (DE) modulations. The LDPC codes are optimized through the use of a recently proposed analysis technique based on EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts. In particular, we optimize the degree distributions of the LDPC codes, obtaining signican t insights into the impact of such distributions on the performance of the proposed concatenated schemes. The EXIT chartbased optimization is conrmed by numerical simulations, considering Dieren tial M-ary Phase Shift Keying (DMPSK) at the transmitter side, and iterative demodulation/decoding at the receiver side. The obtained optimized codes show poor performance if not concatenated with the inner DE. The analysis of the optimized codes shows that the decoding complexity of these codes is lower, with respect to that of standard LDPC codes, i.e., optimized for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.