gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decoding arm and hand movements across layers of the macaque frontal cortices (2012)

A major goal for brain machine interfaces is to allow patients to control prosthetic devices with high degrees of independent movements. Such devices like robotic arms and hands require this high dimensionality of control to restore the full range of actions exhibited in natural movement. Current BMI strategies fall well short of this goal allowing the control of only a few degrees of freedom at a time. In this paper we present work towards the decoding of 27 joint angles from the shoulder, arm and hand as subjects perform reach and grasp movements. We also extend previous work in examining and optimizing the recording depth of electrodes to maximize the movement information that can be extracted from recorded neural signals.
Multifunctional Nanocracks in Silicon Nanomembranes by Notch-Assisted Transfer Printing (2018)

Manipulating nanocracks to produce various nanodevices has attracted increasing interest. Here, based on the mature transfer printing technique, a novel notch-assisted transfer printing technique was engaged to produce nanocracks by simply introducing notch structures into the transferred nanomembranes. Both experiments and finite element simulations were used to elucidate the probability of nanocrack formation during the transfer process, and the results demonstrated that the geometry of nanomembranes played a key role in concentrating stress and producing nanocracks. We further demonstrated that the obtained nanocrack can be used as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate because of the significant enhancement of electric fields. In addition, the capillary condensation of water molecules in the nanocrack led to an obvious change of resistance, thus providing an opportunity for the crack-based structure to be used as an ultrasensitive humidity sensor. The current approach can be applied to producing nanocracks from multiple materials and will have important applications in the field of nanodevices.
Evaluation of heme oxygenase-1 as a systemic biological marker of sporadic AD (2000)

Plasma and CSF HO-1 protein and lymphocyte HO-1 mRNA levels are decreased in subjects with sporadic AD. Quantitative assay for lymphocyte HO-1 mRNA expression may serve as a useful biologic marker in early sporadic AD.
Novel high birefringence dibenzothiophenylacetylene liquid crystals (2002)

Abstract We have designed, synthesized and evaluated dibenzothiophenylacetylene homologues as new heterocyclic molecules which were expected to have high δα values and short wavelength UV absorption spectra. The dibenzothiophenyl acetylene homologues exhibited wide nematic phase ranges and had very high extrapolated δn of over 0.6 and directly measured values of 0.5. The compounds with two dibenzothiophenyl rings were colourless, so that we have succeeded in obtaining colourless super-high δn liquid crystals. We have also analysed the contribution of the transition band to the refractive indices and the birefringence. From the analysis, the main origins of δn for compounds 1 and 2 are lower MOs than the HOMO and this results in the compatibility of large δn and lack of colour. The dibenzothiophenylacetylene compounds behaved according to our design expectations.
Evidence of sweepstakes reproductive success in a broadcast-spawning coral and its implications for coral metapopulation persistence (2022)

Processes governing genetic diversity and adaptive potential in reef-building corals are of interest both for fundamental evolutionary biology and for reef conservation. Here, we investigated the possibility of “sweepstakes reproductive success” (SRS) in a broadcast spawning coral Acropora hyacinthus at Yap Island, Micronesia. SRS is an extreme yearly variation in the number of surviving offspring among parents. It is predicted to generate genetically differentiated, low genetic diversity recruit cohorts, potentially containing close kin individuals. We have tested these predictions by comparing genetic composition of size classes (adults and juveniles) at several sites on the island of Yap, Micronesia. While we did not detect genetic structure among juveniles, there was significant variation in genetic diversity between age classes, including the SRS-predicted genome-wide dip in genetic diversity in juveniles compared to adults at two of the five sites. Most notably, we have identified two pairs of juvenile siblings at the site where juveniles had the lowest genetic diversity compared to adults. Incorporating SRS into the Indo-West Pacific coral metapopulation adaptation model had surprisingly little effect on mean rates of coral cover decline during warming; yet, SRS notably increases year-to-year variation in coral cover throughout the simulation.
Cubic phase in the Y-Ba-Cu-O system (1991)

A metastable phase in the Y-Ba-Cu-O system has been discovered. The phase is closely related to the high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ superconductors and is characterized by a simple-cubic perovskite structure with a lattice parameter of 3.897 \AA{}. A composition Y:Ba:Cu:O=1.18:1.97:3.05:6.95 was determined using ion-backscattering spectrometry. The material is a black semiconductor and shows no transition to superconductivity down to 4 K. It is an excellent candidate for use in heteroepitaxial structures with the family of rare-earth--alkaline-earth--cuprate superconductors. The cubic phase was prepared as a thin film by excimer-laser ablation.
ChemInform Abstract: Template‐Controlled Oligomerization Support Studies. Template Synthesis and Functionalization. (1990)

Abstract The rigid organic template (IIIa) is obtained along with its isomer (IIIb) via double Diels‐Alder cycloaddition of the anthracenecarboxylate (I) with the norbornadiene trimer (II).
Serial passage of hepatitis delta virus in chronic hepatitis B virus carrier chimpanzees (1988)

Five consecutive passages of hepatitis delta virus in hepatitis B virus carrier chimpanzees were performed in order to further characterize the infectious and pathogenic nature of this naturally occurring defective virus. Three animals received identical inocula at fourth passage in order to assess individual animal variation as a factor in the course of infection and disease. Acute hepatitis delta virus infection occurred in all hepatitis B virus carrier chimpanzees as demonstrated by coincident intrahepatic hepatitis delta antigen, serum hepatitis delta antigen and serum hepatitis delta virus RNA followed by seroconversion to antibody to hepatitis delta antigen. In all animals, acute hepatitis was temporally associated with hepatitis delta virus infection and was self-limited. The incubation period to hepatitis shortened with passage, whereas biochemical and histologic evidence of liver diseases increased. The marked increase in liver disease with passage was not associated with increasing markers of hepatitis delta virus replication or expression, thus indicating that adaptation to the chimpanzee by serial passage resulted in increased hepatitis delta virus virulence. The duration of hepatitis due to hepatitis delta virus infection in three chimpanzees which received the same inoculum varied from 1 to 8 months. The observations of passage adaptation and individual host variation in this experimental model of hepatitis delta virus disease parallel known pathogenic variations in human hepatitis delta virus infection.
Continuous flow strategies for using fluorinated greenhouse gases in fluoroalkylations (2021)

Large quantities of fluorinated gases are generated as intermediates or byproducts from fluorinated polymer production annually, and they are effective ozone depleting substances or greenhouse gases. On the other hand, the incorporation of fluoroalkyl groups into drug molecules or bioactive compounds has been shown to enhance biological properties such as the bioavailability, binding selectivity, and metabolic stability. Extraction of fluoroalkyl sources, including trifluoromethyl and difluoromethyl groups, from the fluorinated gases is highly desirable, yet challenging under regular batch reaction conditions. Flow chemistry is an emerging and promising technique to address long-standing challenges in gas-liquid batch reactions such as insufficient interfacial contact and scalability issues. In this review, we highlight recent advances in continuous flow strategies toward enabling the use of fluorinated greenhouse gases in organic synthesis.
Zygomatic Implant Placement in Conjunction with Sinus Bone Grafting: The “Extended Sinus Elevation Technique.” A Case-Cohort Study (2013)

The proposed technique led to successful prosthetic function for all patients. With the described technique, exposed implant threads within the maxillary antrum are eliminated and the potential for biologic complications is minimized.
Preface (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVPrefaceNEXTPrefaceRobin D. RogersRobin D. RogersCenter for Green Manufacturing Box 870336 The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, A L 35487 (Email) [email protected] (Phone) +1-205-348-4323 (Fax) +1-205-348-0823 (URL) http://bama.ua.edu/~rdrogers/More by Robin D. Rogers and Kenneth R. SeddonKenneth R. SeddonThe QUILL Research Centre The Queen's University of Belfast Stranmillis Road Belfast BT9 5 AG Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (Email) [email protected] (Phone) +44-28-90335420 (Fax)+44-28-90665297 (URL) http://quill.qub.ac.uk/More by Kenneth R. SeddonDOI: 10.1021/bk-2002-0818.pr001 This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MorePublication Date (Print):July 25, 2002Publication History Published online23 July 2009Published inprint 25 July 2002Request reuse permissions Copyright © 2002 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Ionic Liquidspp xiii-xivACS Symposium SeriesVol. 818ISBN13: 9780841237896eISBN: 9780841219175Chapter Views390Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (332 KB) Get e-Alerts
A New Liquid Aromatic Diamine Curative for Polyurethane Cast Elastomers (1987)

ETHACURE® 300 Curative is a high-performance, liquid curative being developed especially for the polyurethane cast elastomer industry. Testing shows that ETHACURE 300 Curative is less toxic than MOCA. MOCA [methyl enebis(ortho-chloroaniline)] is the most commonly used curative for TDI based prepolymers but its use has come under increased regulatory scrutiny in recent years. ETHACURE 300 Curative represents new technology and was designed from the beginning to meet selected targets including that of a safe "drop-in" MOCA replacement. This presentation introduces ETHACURE 300 Curative in terms of chemical and physical nature, processing characteristics, and vulcanizate properties. Advantages of ETHACURE 300 Curative over current commercial curatives, including MOCA, will also be discussed.
Computer vision based unistroke keyboard system and mouse for the handicapped (2003)

In this paper, a unistroke keyboard based on computer vision is described for the handicapped. The keyboard can be made of paper or fabric containing an image of a keyboard, which has an upside down U-shape. It can even be displayed on a computer screen. Each character is represented by a non-overlapping rectangular region on the keyboard image and the user enters a character by illuminating a character region with a laser pointer. The keyboard image is monitored by a camera and illuminated key locations are recognized. During the text entry process the user neither have to turn the laser light off nor raise the laser light from the keyboard. A disabled person who has difficulty using his/her hands may attach the laser pointer to an eyeglass and easily enter text by moving his/her head to point the laser beam on a character location. In addition, a mouse-like device can be developed based on the same principle. The user can move the cursor by moving the laser light on the computer screen which is monitored by a camera.
A fast color constancy scheme for automobile video cameras (2014)

Color constancy (CC) is an important requirement for all digital imaging and many computer vision systems. Video photography applications such as automobile video cameras required to have the CC schemes that exhibit quick and accurate response to rapidly changing scene illuminant. This paper presents a fast and effective CC scheme specifically suited for automobile video cameras. The proposed CC scheme uses combination of a static method for illuminant estimation called White Patch Retinex (WPR) and a computationally efficient linear transformation model for WB correction of the images. The scheme also introduces novel temporal filtering of the WB parameters to avoid the field flicker noise. Exhaustive testing of the scheme in laboratory and real life test conditions have shown the it to be effective under various lighting conditions. The paper also presents details of its implementation on an embedded processing platform to achieve HD video processing at the frame rate of 60 frames per second.
Sulfur passivation of GaAs surfaces: A model for reduced surface recombination without band flattening (1989)

It has been shown by several workers that the passivation of GaAs surfaces using sulfides results in a large reduction in the surface recombination velocity accompanied by an increase in the band bending on n-type samples. This apparently contradictory pair of results leads to the suggestion that the responsible electronic states are a midgap donor compensated by an acceptor near the valence-band maximum. We explore the consequences of such a model, particularly when the midgap state is assumed to be a double donor. In the double donor case, simple qualitative arguments indicate that the surface recombination velocity can be reduced by a factor much greater than the reduction in surface-state density. The model is consistent with observations made using a variety of experimental techniques. A correlation between the electronic states and surface chemistry is made, and the As and Ga antisite defects are discussed as candidates for the donor and acceptor states.
Negative refraction in time-varying, strongly-coupled plasmonic antenna-ENZ system (2019)

Time-varying metasurfaces are emerging as a powerful instrument for the dynamical control of the electromagnetic properties of a propagating wave. Here we demonstrate an efficient time-varying metasurface based on plasmonic nano-antennas strongly coupled to an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) deeply sub-wavelength film. The plasmonic resonance of the metal resonators strongly interacts with the optical ENZ modes, providing a Rabi level spitting of ~30%. Optical pumping at frequency {\omega} induces a nonlinear polarisation oscillating at 2{\omega} responsible for an efficient generation of a phase conjugate and a negative refracted beam with a conversion efficiency that is more than four orders of magnitude greater compared to the bare ENZ film. The introduction of a strongly coupled plasmonic system therefore provides a simple and effective route towards the implementation of ENZ physics at the nanoscale
trans-Hydroalumination/Alkylation:  One-Pot Synthesis of Trisubstituted Allylic Alcohols (2006)

[reaction: see text] Described herein is a method of stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted allylic alcohols by alkylation of alkenyl alanates, formed in situ through treatment of propargyl alcohols with Vitride (Red-Al). This technique represents the first of its kind to feature a trans-hydrometalation, and is particularly effective for the formation of 1,4-dienes. Applications involving primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols are discussed, as well as limitations regarding both alkyne and electrophile components.
COMPARISON OF WCDMA UPLINK ANTENNA SOLUTIONS WITH 4 RECEIVER BRANCHES (2000)

In this paper the increase of the number of antennas at a base station (BS) receiver is studied as an approach to improve the coverage and capacity in a wideband code-division multiple access (WCDMA) uplink. The effects of the different propagation environments and the BS antenna solutions on the WCDMA base station performance are investigated in macro cellular environment. The number of receiving antenna elements per sector is limited to four. The studied macro cellular antenna configurations include beamforming, antenna diversity with maximum ratio combining (MRC) and a combination of those two. Based on the results from the link level simulations, the capacity and the coverage of each antenna concepts are compared to a conventional 3-sector BS with two receiving antennas per sector. The results indicate that no solution is optimal in every sense. However, the 4-branch diversity receiver (4MRC) is somewhat better than the other two methods in terms of overall performance and capacity, especially with high data rates and low mobile speed. From the cell range point of view the 4MRC concept is shown to be particularly better than the other concepts. 1.
Evaluation of semi quantitative perfusion parameter maps generated based on a fully automated non-rigid motion correction during a first pass myocardial perfusion (FPMP) MRI (2012)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate semi quantitative perfusion parameter maps generated based on a fully automated non-rigid motion correction during a first pass myocardial perfusion (FPMP) MRI in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) or coronary micro vascular disease (CMVD).
SOMATOSTATIN-28: SELECTIVE ACTION ON THE PANCREATIC 8-CELL AND BRAIN (1981)

Somatostatin-28 (SS-28) is 380 times as potent as somatostatin-14 (SS-14) to inhibit acutely insulin secretion induced by arginine in vivo; SS-28 is only 3 times as potent as SS-14 to inhibit glucagon secretion induced by arginine. D-Trp substitution in position 28 of SS-28 increase potency to 2600 times that of SS-14 for inhibition of arginine induced insulin secretion. SS-28 in 10 and [D-Trp22]-SS-28 is 100 times as potent as SS-14 to act within the central nervous system to inhibit bombesin induced hyperglycemia. SS-28 compared to SS-14 shows pancreatic beta-cell and brain selectivity of action.
Highly Stable Organic Monolayers for Reacting Silicon with Further Functionalities: The Effect of the C−C Bond nearest the Silicon Surface (2008)

Crystalline Si(111) surfaces have been alkylated in a two-step chlorination/alkylation process using various organic molecules having similar backbones but differing in their C-C bond closest to the silicon surface (i.e., C-C vs C=C vs C[triple bond]C bonds). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) data show that functionalization of silicon surfaces with propenyl magnesium bromide (CH3-CH=CH-MgBr) organic molecules gives nearly full coverage of the silicon atop sites, as on methyl- and propynyl-terminated silicon surfaces. Propenyl-terminated silicon surface shows less surface oxidation and is more robust against solvent attacks when compared to methyl- and propynyl-terminated silicon surfaces. We also show a secondary functionalization process of propenyl-terminated silicon surface with 4'-[3-Trifluoromethyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl]-benzoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester [TDBA-OSu] cross-linker. The Si-CH=CH-CH3 surfaces thus offer a means of attaching a variety of chemical moieties to a silicon surface through a short linking group, enabling applications in molecular electronics, energy conversion, catalysis, and sensing.
Degradation Characteristics of n- and p-Channel Polycrystalline-Silicon TFTs Under CMOS Inverter Operation (2010)

The degradation characteristics of n- and p-channel polysilicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) under circuit operation were investigated by using CMOS inverter circuits consisting of n-channel TFTs with a lightly doped drain (LDD) structure and p-channel TFTs with a single-drain (SD) structure. A new test element made it possible to separately evaluate the degradation characteristics of each type of TFT during CMOS inverter operation. In regard to n-channel LDD TFTs, the device degradation is mainly caused by accumulated dc stress under the condition that the gate voltage is near the threshold voltage and the high drain voltage, i.e., the drain-avalanche hot-carrier (DAHC) stress condition. In p-channel SD TFTs, the device degradation is caused by the mutual interaction between DAHC stress and negative-bias-temperature (NBT) stress. Hole injection due to NBT stress is accelerated by DAHC-stress-induced trapped electrons under inverter-circuit operation. The effect is thus enhanced not only by the increase in the number of hole injections but also by the increase in the number of electron injections. It was found that the device characteristics of p-channel TFTs are more rapidly degraded as the rising time of the input pulse becomes shorter. This degradation is caused by the transient increase in the number of hot electrons, which are generated when holes are emitted from the trap states when the p-channel TFTs are turned off.
Using Synchrotron Radiation Microtomography to Investigate Multi-scale Three-dimensional Microelectronic Packages (2016)

Synchrotron radiation micro-tomography (SRµT) is a non-destructive three-dimensional (3D) imaging technique that offers high flux for fast data acquisition times with high spatial resolution. In the electronics industry there is serious interest in performing failure analysis on 3D microelectronic packages, many which contain multiple levels of high-density interconnections. Often in tomography there is a trade-off between image resolution and the volume of a sample that can be imaged. This inverse relationship limits the usefulness of conventional computed tomography (CT) systems since a microelectronic package is often large in cross sectional area 100-3,600 mm2, but has important features on the micron scale. The micro-tomography beamline at the Advanced Light Source (ALS), in Berkeley, CA USA, has a setup which is adaptable and can be tailored to a sample's properties, i.e., density, thickness, etc., with a maximum allowable cross-section of 36 x 36 mm. This setup also has the option of being either monochromatic in the energy range ~7-43 keV or operating with maximum flux in white light mode using a polychromatic beam. Presented here are details of the experimental steps taken to image an entire 16 x 16 mm system within a package, in order to obtain 3D images of the system with a spatial resolution of 8.7 µm all within a scan time of less than 3 min. Also shown are results from packages scanned in different orientations and a sectioned package for higher resolution imaging. In contrast a conventional CT system would take hours to record data with potentially poorer resolution. Indeed, the ratio of field-of-view to throughput time is much higher when using the synchrotron radiation tomography setup. The description below of the experimental setup can be implemented and adapted for use with many other multi-materials.