gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic Sniffing Improves the Detection Performance of a 3D Printed Nose of a Dog and a Commercial Trace Vapor Detector (2016)

Unlike current chemical trace detection technology, dogs actively sniff to acquire an odor sample. Flow visualization experiments with an anatomically-similar 3D printed dog’s nose revealed the external aerodynamics during canine sniffing, where ventral-laterally expired air jets entrain odorant-laden air toward the nose, thereby extending the “aerodynamic reach” for inspiration of otherwise inaccessible odors. Chemical sampling and detection experiments quantified two modes of operation with the artificial nose-active sniffing and continuous inspiration-and demonstrated an increase in odorant detection by a factor of up to 18 for active sniffing. A 16-fold improvement in detection was demonstrated with a commercially-available explosives detector by applying this bio-inspired design principle and making the device “sniff” like a dog. These lessons learned from the dog may benefit the next-generation of vapor samplers for explosives, narcotics, pathogens, or even cancer, and could inform future bio-inspired designs for optimized sampling of odor plumes.
Parasites of the laboratory woodchuck (Marmota monax). (1986)

The parasite burden of captive and colony-born woodchucks maintained in laboratory animal facilities was determined and compared to woodchucks recently trapped. Microfilariae of Ackertia marmotae in blood or dermis were most commonly observed in trapped woodchucks. There was a linear decrease in woodchucks positive for microfilariae after introduction in the laboratory colony, but even after 39 months, 53% were positive. Microfilaremia or microfilariderma were never observed in colony born woodchucks. Eggs or oocysts of Obeliscoides cuniculi, Citellina triradiata and Eimeria sp. were found by fecal flotation. The O. cuniculi population declined exponentially in captive woodchucks following colony entry, and this nematode was never found in colony-born woodchucks. However, low rates of infection with Citellina and Eimeria sp. were found in the colony-born group. Ixodes cookei, Oropsylla sp., and Androlaelaps sp. ectoparasites were observed commonly in recently trapped woodchucks, but were not present in any woodchucks maintained in the colony. Clinical disease associated with parasitic infection was not observed.
Administrations publiques : la chaîne de blocs, une avenue à explorer (2019)

La chaîne de blocs contribuera-t-elle à décentraliser les administrations publiques et à les rendre plus transparentes ? La numérisation accélérée des activités humaines contraint toutes les organisations à revoir leurs façons de faire. Bien entendu, l’État n’échappe pas à cette exigence. Or, certaines technologies comme la chaîne de blocs semblent prometteuses. Comment les administrations gouvernementales peuvent-elles en tirer avantage ?
Load models and their application in the design of loosely coupled inductive power transfer systems (2002)

Load models are developed as a design tool for loosely coupled inductive power transfer systems. The models are used to investigate the sensitivity of these systems to variations in operational frequency and load. The results of the investigation can then be used to determine the power transfer capability and controllability of the system.
Acoustic Emission Analysis of Tooth-Composite Interfacial Debonding (2012)

This study detected tooth-composite interfacial debonding during composite restoration by means of acoustic emission (AE) analysis and investigated the effects of composite properties and adhesives on AE characteristics. The polymerization shrinkage, peak shrinkage rate, flexural modulus, and shrinkage stress of a methacrylate-based universal hybrid, a flowable, and a silorane-based composite were measured. Class I cavities on 49 extracted premolars were restored with 1 of the 3 composites and 1 of the following adhesives: 2 etch-and-rinse adhesives, 2 self-etch adhesives, and an adhesive for the silorane-based composite. AE analysis was done for 2,000 sec during light-curing. The silorane-based composite exhibited the lowest shrinkage (rate), the longest time to peak shrinkage rate, the lowest shrinkage stress, and the fewest AE events. AE events were detected immediately after the beginning of light-curing in most composite-adhesive combinations, but not until 40 sec after light-curing began for the silorane-based composite. AE events were concentrated at the initial stage of curing in self-etch adhesives compared with etch-and-rinse adhesives. Reducing the shrinkage (rate) of composites resulted in reduced shrinkage stress and less debonding, as evidenced by fewer AE events. AE is an effective technique for monitoring, in real time, the debonding kinetics at the tooth-composite interface.
Proximal humeral fractures: prosthetic replacement. (2013)

Shoulder arthroplasty has emerged as a reliable treatment for displaced or comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus. The outcomes of humeral head replacement have improved as technology and techniques have evolved. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty has yielded promising results in early investigations. With either type of instrumentation, meticulous surgical technique is critical to achieving a good outcome. Prosthesis height and version and the stable fixation of anatomically reduced tuberosities are essential variables. Shoulder arthroplasty for fracture treatment remains a technically challenging procedure that demands knowledge of shoulder anatomy and implant options.
Effective-medium model for fast evaluation of scatterometric measurements on gratings (2004)

Scatterometry is now an accepted technique for linewidth measurement in semiconductor manufacturing. To reduce the evaluation time when using real-time optimization procedures, we introduce an effective-medium approach to simulate the optical signatures of subwavelength line-and-space gratings. Such gratings behaves approximately like uniaxial crystals whose optical properties are completely described by two refractive indices. We propose an algebraic method for their calculation up to second order in pitch/wavelength for the extraordinary index, and up to 4th order in pitch/wavelength for the ordinary index. The formulas are valid for any angle of incidence and can be used with standard matrix formalism to calculate the optical properties of any arbitrary layer stack. We deduce the formulas for the indices. The comparison of effective medium-calculations to rigorous coupled wave simulations for spectral measurements (polarized reflectometer and spectroscopic ellipsometer) shows excellent agreement. The sensitivity of scatterometry to tilt of the structures is very low for all measurement parameters except phase difference. It is shown that left and right tilt cannot be distinguished at all with spectral measurements with non-conical incidence of light.
Transplantation of human bone marrow‐derived clonal mesenchymal stem cells reduces fibrotic scar formation in a rat spinal cord injury model (2017)

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect on tissue repair and scar formation of human bone marrow-derived clonal mesenchymal stem cells (hcMSCs) homogeneously isolated by using a subfractionation culturing method, in comparison with the non-clonal MSCs (hMSCs), in a rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model. The SCI was made using a vascular clip at the T9 level. Cells were transplanted into the lesion site 3 days after injury. A functional test was performed over 4 weeks employing a BBB score. Rats were killed for histological analysis at 3 days, 1 week and 4 weeks after injury. The transplantation of hMSCs and hcMSCs significantly reduced lesion size and the fluid-filled cavity at 4 weeks in comparison with the control group injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (p < 0.01). Transplantation of hcMSCs showed more axons reserved than that of hMSCs in the lesion epicentre filled with non-neuronal tissues. In addition, hMSCs and hcMSCs clearly reduced the inflammatory reaction and intraparenchymal hemorrhaging, compared with the PBS group. Interestingly, hcMSCs largely decreased Col IV expression, one of the markers of fibrotic scars. hcMSCs yielded therapeutic effects more than equal to those of hMSCs on the SCI. Both hMSCs and hcMSCs created an increase in axon regeneration and reduced scar formation around the SCI lesion. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From letters to words (2006)

We present a major extension to our previous work on Trackball EdgeWrite--a unistroke text entry method for trackballs--by taking it from a character-level technique to a word-level one. Our design is called stroke-based word completion, and it enables efficient word selection as part of the stroke-making process. Unlike most word completion designs, which require users to select words from a list, our technique allows users to select words by performing a fluid crossing gesture. Our theoretical model shows this word-level design to be 45.0% faster than our prior model for character-only strokes. A study with a subject with spinal cord injury comparing Trackball EdgeWrite to the onscreen keyboard WiViK, both using word prediction and completion, shows that Trackball EdgeWrite is competitive with WiViK in speed (12.09 vs. 11.82 WPM) and accuracy (3.95% vs. 2.21% total errors), but less visually tedious and ultimately preferred. The results also show that word-level Trackball EdgeWrite is 46.5% faster and 36.7% more accurate than our subject's prior peak performance with character-level Trackball EdgeWrite, and 75.2% faster and 40.2% more accurate than his prior peak performance with his preferred on-screen keyboard. An additional evaluation of the same subject over a two-month field deployment shows a 43.9% reduction in unistrokes due to strokebased word completion in Trackball EdgeWrite.
Activity of Fluorinated Curcuminoids against Leishmania major and Toxoplasma gondii Parasites (2021)

A new 3,4-difluorobenzylidene analog of curcumin, CDF, was recently reported, which demonstrated significantly enhanced bioavailability and in vivo anticancer activity compared with curcumin. For highlighting the antiparasitic behavior of CDF, we tested this compound together with its new O-methylated analog MeCDF against Leishmania major and Toxoplasma gondii parasites. Both CDF and MeCDF were tested in vitro against L. major and T. gondii. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity against Vero cells and macrophages was determined and selectivity indices were calculated. The DPPH radical scavenging activity assay was carried out in order to determine the antioxidant activity of the test compounds. Both compounds showed high activities against both parasite forms with EC<sub>50</sub> values in the (sub-)micromolar range (0.35 to 0.8 μM for CDF, 0.31 to 1.2 μM for MeCDF). The higher activity of CDF against L. major amastigotes when compared with MeCDF can in parts be attributed to the antioxidant activity of CDF while MeCDF lacking any antioxidant activity was more active than CDF against T. gondii parasites. In conclusion, CDF and MeCDF are promising antiparasitic drug candidates due to their high activities against L. major and T. gondii parasites.
Streptococcus pneumoniae secretes hydrogen peroxide leading to DNA damage and apoptosis in lung cells (2015)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia and one of the most common causes of death globally. The impact of S. pneumoniae on host molecular processes that lead to detrimental pulmonary consequences is not fully understood. Here, we show that S. pneumoniae induces toxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human alveolar epithelial cells, as indicated by ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM)-dependent phosphorylation of histone H2AX and colocalization with p53-binding protein (53BP1). Furthermore, results show that DNA damage occurs in a bacterial contact-independent fashion and that Streptococcus pyruvate oxidase (SpxB), which enables synthesis of H2O2, plays a critical role in inducing DSBs. The extent of DNA damage correlates with the extent of apoptosis, and DNA damage precedes apoptosis, which is consistent with the time required for execution of apoptosis. Furthermore, addition of catalase, which neutralizes H2O2, greatly suppresses S. pneumoniae-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Importantly, S. pneumoniae induces DSBs in the lungs of animals with acute pneumonia, and H2O2 production by S. pneumoniae in vivo contributes to its genotoxicity and virulence. One of the major DSBs repair pathways is nonhomologous end joining for which Ku70/80 is essential for repair. We find that deficiency of Ku80 causes an increase in the levels of DSBs and apoptosis, underscoring the importance of DNA repair in preventing S. pneumoniae-induced genotoxicity. Taken together, this study shows that S. pneumoniae-induced damage to the host cell genome exacerbates its toxicity and pathogenesis, making DNA repair a potentially important susceptibility factor in people who suffer from pneumonia.
Magnetoelastic Effects in Erbium (1974)

Magnetoelastic interactions in the rare‐earth elements produce a number of interesting effects in the propagation of ultrasonic elastic waves in these materials. Two of these effects are reported here: first, the magnetoelastic interactions lead to striking anomalies in the temperature dependence of the elastic constants; second, for the propagation of shear waves along certain directions, the magnetoelastic interactions give rise to both linear and circular birefringence. The behavior of the elastic constant c33 in single‐crystal erbium at temperatures below the Néel point was investigated both with no applied field and in fields up to 50 kG. In addition to several anomalies with no applied field, it was found that a field of 50 kG produced changes of as much as 9 % in the value of c33. In addition, the circular magnetoacoustic birefringence of shear waves propagating along the c‐axis was observed. Measurement of this effect permitted an estimate of the single‐ion coupling constant Bε in rough agreement with the other constants which have been determined from magnetostriction measurements.
Quality and Reliability of 3D TSV Interposer and Fine Pitch Solder Micro-bumps for 28nm Technology (2011)

Silicon interposer minimizes CTE mismatch between the chip and copper filled TSV interposer resulting in high reliability micro bumps. Furthermore, providing high wiring density interconnections and improved electrical performance are the reasons TSV interposer has emerged as a good solution and getting significant industry attention. High density three dimensional (3D) interconnects formed by high aspect ratio through silicon via (TSV) and fine pitch solder micro bumps are presented in this paper. Different design/material related factors are evaluated during this study in order to yield high aspect ratio void-free TSV copper via and reliable micro-bumps. Quality and reliability of copper TSV and micro-bumps are monitored in-situ during the process. This paper presents some of the quality and reliability results as well as micro-bump and TSV resistance data. Furthermore, bake and thermal-cycling measurements are presented to insure reliability of the design and the material selected for the 28nm technology TSV interposer FPGA.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of Imine Radicals Derived from Sulfenylimines: A Simple Access to δ1‐Pyrrolines. (1990)

Abstract The γ,δ‐unsaturated aldehyde (I) reacts with the sulfenamide (II) to give the sulfenylimine (III) which is converted to a mixture of cis‐and trans‐isomers of Δ 1 ‐pyrroline (IV) on treatment with tri‐n‐butylstannane.
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Contribute to the Protective Immunity Induced by Intranasal Treatment with Fc-fused Interleukin-7 against Lethal Influenza Virus Infection (2017)

Developing a novel vaccine that can be applied against multiple strains of influenza virus is of utmost importance to human health. Previously, we demonstrated that the intranasal introduction of Fc-fused IL-7 (IL-7-mFc), a long-acting cytokine fusion protein, confers long-lasting prophylaxis against multiple strains of influenza A virus (IAV) by inducing the development of lung-resident memory-like T cells, called T<sub>RM</sub>-like cells. Here, we further investigated the mechanisms of IL-7-mFc-mediated protective immunity to IAVs. First, we found that IL-7-mFc treatment augments the accumulation of pulmonary T cells in 2 ways: recruiting blood circulating T cells into the lung and expanding T cells at the lung parenchyma. Second, the blockade of T cell migration from the lymph nodes (LNs) with FTY720 treatment was not required for mounting the protective immunity to IAV with IL-7-mFc, suggesting a more important role of IL-7 in T cells in the lungs. Third, IL-7-mFc treatment also recruited various innate immune cells into the lungs. Among these cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play an important role in IL-7-mFc-mediated protective immunity through reducing the immunopathology and increasing IAV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. In summary, our results show that intranasal treatment with IL-7-mFc modulates pulmonary immune responses to IAV, affecting both innate and adaptive immune cells.
Cleavage‐Responsive Biofactory T Cells Suppress Infectious Diseases‐Associated Hypercytokinemia (Adv. Sci. 26/2022) (2022)

Engineered T Cells In article number 2201883, Hong Nam Kim, Hee Ho Park, Wonhwa Lee, and co‐workers present chimeric T cells stably expressing therapeutic peptides for treatment of severe infectious diseases. Using lentiviral system, T cells are engineered to express multi‐level therapeutic peptides with matrix metallopeptidases‐ and tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme‐responsive cleavage sites on the surface. [Image: see text]
Supplementary Figure 9 from Enhanced Cancer Radiotherapy through Immunosuppressive Stromal Cell Destruction in Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 2078K, Characterization of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells immune responses and antitumor effects in TC-1 tumor-bearing mice treated with radiation therapy and intratumoral vaccination with OVA peptide.&lt;/p&gt;
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for remote-initiated GMPLS LSP Setup (2019)

Draft [I-D. draft-ietf-pce-pce-initiated-lsp] specifies procedures
that can be used for creation and deletion of PCE-initiated LSPs in
the active stateful PCE model. However, this specification focuses on
MPLS networks, and does not cover remote instantiation of paths in
GMPLS-controlled networks. This document complements [I-D. draft-ietf-
pce-pce-initiated-lsp] by addressing the requirements for remote-
initiated GMPLS LSPs.
Steroid-based facial amphiphiles for stabilization and crystallization of membrane proteins (2013)

Amphiphile selection is a critical step for structural studies of membrane proteins (MPs). We have developed a family of steroid-based facial amphiphiles (FAs) that are structurally distinct from conventional detergents and previously developed FAs. The unique FAs stabilize MPs and form relatively small protein-detergent complexes (PDCs), a property considered favorable for MP crystallization. We attempted to crystallize several MPs belonging to different protein families, including the human gap junction channel protein connexin 26, the ATP binding cassette transporter MsbA, the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor-like bacteriorhodopsin, and cytochrome P450s (peripheral MPs). Using FAs alone or mixed with other detergents or lipids, we obtained 3D crystals of the above proteins suitable for X-ray crystallographic analysis. The fact that FAs enhance MP crystallizability compared with traditional detergents can be attributed to several properties, including increased protein stability, formation of small PDCs, decreased PDC surface flexibility, and potential to mediate crystal lattice contacts.
Revision of the Acetabular Component without Cement After Total Hip Arthroplasty<sbt aid="1025516">A Concise Follow-up, at Fifteen to Nineteen Years, of a Previous Report<cross-ref type="fn" refid="fn1">*</cross-ref></sbt> (2005)

We previously reported our results at a minimum of three and seven years after use of a porous-coated acetabular metal shell in a consecutive series of 138 revision total hip arthroplasties. The current report presents the longer-term outcomes of these procedures, at fifteen to nineteen years postoperatively. A total of twenty metal shells (14%) underwent repeat revision. Seven of the repeat revisions were performed because of recurrent dislocation, seven were done at the time of femoral revision surgery, and six were done because of infection. Nineteen of the revised shells were well fixed, and one was aseptically loose. Of the sixty-seven hips in which the acetabular component survived for more than fifteen years after the index operation, two (3%) required a change of the modular acetabular liner because of wear or osteolysis. Nine (16%) of the fifty-seven hips with at least fifteen years of radiographic follow-up had an osteolytic lesion of >1 cm in diameter. The fifteen-year survival rate of the metal shells, with failure defined as revision because of loosening or as radiographic evidence of loosening, was 97%. Revision total hip arthroplasty with this cementless acetabular component has been followed by excellent component survivorship at fifteen years; the most common reasons for repeat revision were recurrent dislocation and infection.
Association of Predominantly Peripheral Lesions on Ultra-Widefield Imaging and the Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy Worsening Over Time (2022)

Although no association was identified with color PPL, presence of FA PPL was associated with greater risk of disease worsening over 4 years, independent of baseline DRSS score. These results suggest that use of UWF-FA to evaluate retinas peripheral to standard ETDRS fields may improve the ability to predict disease worsening in NPDR eyes. These findings support use of UWF-FA for future DR staging systems and clinical care to more accurately determine prognosis in NPDR eyes.
The effect of zinc oxide addition on the compatibilization efficiency of maleic anhydride grafted high‐density polyethylene compatibilizer for high‐density polyethylene/polyamide 6 blends (2006)

Abstract A high‐density polyethylene with grafted maleic anhydride units has been investigated as a compatibilizer for high‐density polyethylene with polyamide 6. The material acts as an effective compatibilizer, causing a marked reduction in dispersed phase size as well as an increase in tensile strength and toughness. Compatibilizer also affects the glass‐transition temperature, crystallization kinetics, and amount of crystalline material for certain blend compositions. The addition of zinc cations, which are effective in increasing ethylene‐acid copolymer compatibilizer performance in low‐density polyethylene/polyamide blends, has little, if any, effect on compatibilizer performance in these high‐density polyethylene/polyamide blends. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3871–3881, 2007
Design of an efficient mid-IR light source using chalcogenide holey fibers: a numerical study (2013)

We report the design of a highly nonlinear holey fiber for making a mid-infrared light source at 4.36 μm. A solid-core chalcogenide-based index-guided holey microstructured optical fiber with circular air holes has been exploited to numerically demonstrate wavelength translation via four-wave mixing. We employ a thulium-doped fiber laser as the pump with a power of 5 W. Our simulations indicate that a maximum parametric gain of 20.5 dB with a bandwidth of 16 nm is achievable in this designed fiber, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of more than 17.6%.