gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Zero-Voltage Switching Three-Port Isolated Full-Bridge Converter (2006)

This paper proposes an integrated single-stage three-port DC-DC converter. The proposed converter interfaces two bidirectional source/storage ports, and a galvanically isolated loading port. The power topology is based on the integration of a bi-phase boost pre-regulator stage into a phase-shift controlled full-bridge converter. The four bridge switches play the combined role of realizing synchronous boost conversion, and driving the transformer. The proposed topology is conditionally able to achieve zero-voltage switching of all bridge switches. Compared to the cascaded converter approach, this topology alleviates the cost overhead associated with introducing a switching leg for boost operation, and saves the switching loss it would exhibit. A constant-frequency switching scheme is adopted that presents two degrees of freedom necessary for proper control. The duty-cycle of the two phase-legs of the bridge is varied to control energy flow in the boost section, while the relative phase-shift between the legs is utilized to regulate the power pushed to the loading port. The operation of the topology is verified using an experimental 1 kW prototype, designed to handle a photovoltaic source, a storage battery bank, and a regulated DC load
Characterization of CuInSe/sub 2/ single crystals for solar cell modeling studies (1988)

The behavior of the (CdZn)S/CuInSe/sub 2/ solar cell is numerically analyzed, and the attainable performances for this device type are predicted by imposing the known material parameters. Single crystals of p-type CuInSe/sub 2/ were characterized and used to fabricate heterojunction solar cells of the form n-(Cd,Zn)S/p-CuInSe/sub 2/. The experimental and computed performance data are compared. Photoluminescence measurements were performed to determine the dominant electrically active defect states in p-type crystals that simultaneously have high carrier concentrations (>or=5*10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/) and high-carrier mobilities (>or=50 cm/sup 2//V-s). It was found that this material is dominated by two strong emission lines at 0.940 and 0.920 eV which are attributed to the defect pairs In/sub Cu/-V/sub Cu/ and Se/sub Cu/-Cu/sub In/, respectively. The corresponding composition is defined by a Cu/In ration of 0.9, a Cu content around 23 at.%, and a Se excess (>or=51 at.%). An energy band diagram of this material is also proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for Joint Radar-Communications with Low-Resolution DACs (2021)

In this paper, we introduce the design of a multi-antenna Joint Radar-Communication (JRC) system with Rate Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) and low resolution Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) units. Using RSMA, the communication messages are split into private and common parts, then precoded and quantized before transmission. We use a problem formulation to design the JRC system with RSMA and low resolution DACs by maximizing communication sum-rate and the proximity of the resulting JRC waveform to an optimal radar beampattern under an average transmit power constraint. We solve the joint sum-rate maximization and beampattern error minimization problem using Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) method. The numerical results show that RSMA achieves a significantly higher sum-rate compared to Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) while providing the same Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE) for the designed radar beampattern.
NASA/Hampton refuse fired steam plant: A municipal/federal cooperative effort. (1981)

This paper describes a new 200 tons/day (TPD) refuse fired steam generating plant which began operation in October, 1980, in Hampton, Virginia. It is a joint venture between a federal agency seeking to decrease its consumption of fuel oil and a coastal city seeking an alternative to landfill disposal of its solid waste.
Study of self-similar and self-affine objects using logarithmic correlation integral (1995)

We suggest a logarithmic correlation integral z(x,y) as a good tool for investigating self-affine and self-similar objects. First, it enables us to extract fractal exponents vx and vy from one pattern of an object having any topology. Second, we show that the integral z(x,y) which completely characterizes a monofractal object provides more information on the density correlation properties of the object than just the exponents vx and vy. We quantify this additional information by introducing two parameters: delta , characterizing the object's anisotropy of a nonscaling nature, and K characterizing the curvature of the logarithmic correlation integral of the object. We demonstrate that the four parameters: vx, vy, delta and kappa provide an effective parametrization of the logarithmic correlation integral of a self-affine monofractal object. We give some examples of self-affine objects, having the same fractal exponents vx and vy but different parameters delta and kappa indicating the differences in the correlation properties of the objects. We demonstrate that even a self-similar object showing isotropic scaling (vx=vy) may have the non-scaling anisotropy parameter delta different from zero, which indicates that the object has an asymmetric integral z(x,y) and, therefore, different correlation properties in different directions. It is shown that the equality kappa =0 outlines a class of objects for which the exponents v, and v, are not defined uniquely. For instance, such objects can be treated as both self-similar and self-affine. If K is close to zero, estimation of the exponents vx and vy may become problematic. Relationships connecting the exponents vx, vy and fractal dimensions of the projection and cross section of an object are established.
On-Chip Nanoplasmonic-Nanofluidic Biosensors Overcoming Mass Transport Limitations (2010)

We demonstrate a novel hybrid platform merging label free nanoplasmonic sensing with actively controlled nanofluidic surface delivery to overcome mass transport limitations. We show 14-fold improvement in mass transport rate constants appearing in the exponentials.
Multivalency Effects in Protein−Carbohydrate Interaction:  The Binding of the Shiga-like Toxin 1 Binding Subunit to Multivalent C-Linked Glycopeptides (2000)

A series of monovalent and bivalent glycopeptides displaying a C-linked analogue of the Pk trisaccharide, the in vivo ligand for the pentavalent Shiga-like toxin binding subunit (SLT-1B), were prepared and evaluated as ligands for SLT-1B by isothermal titration microcalorimetry and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Although none of the monovalent ligands showed any enhancement in affinity compared to O-methyl glycoside, two bivalent ligands show significant enhancements in affinity in assays. This observation represents the first calorimetric observation of an enhancement in affinity for this system. In contrast, only one of the two ligands shows an enhancement in the competitive ELISA. Together, these data signal a difference in the means by which the two ligands achieve affinity, apparently triggered by a change in the nature of the linker domain. These results provide a rationalization for apparently contradictory reports from the recent literature and again emphasize the importance of investigating complex binding phenomena by multiple techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 4‐Iminothiazolidinones for Inhibition of PI3 Kinase. (2013)

Abstract A library of 4‐iminothiazolidinones (28 examples) is synthesized by multiple pathways and their enzyme inhibitor activities are tested.
BrickRoad (2007)

It is difficult to design and test location-enhancedapplications. A large part of this difficulty is due to the added complexity of supporting location. Wizard of Oz (WOz) has become an effective technique for the early stage design of location-enhanced applications because it allows designers to test an application prototype bysimulating nonexistent components such as location sensing. However, existing WOz tools 1) require nontrivial effort from designers to specify how a prototype should behave before it can be tested with end users, and 2)support only limited control over application behavior during a test. BrickRoad is a WOz tool for spontaneousdesign of location-enhanced applications. It lowers the threshold to acquiring user feedback and exploring a design space. With BrickRoad, a designer does not need to specify any interaction logic and can experiment on-the-fly with different designs during testing. BrickRoad is a valuable complement to existing tool support for the early stage design of location-enhanced applications.
One is Almost Enough for Monopoly (1987)

It has been argued that two factors-product durability and (potential) entry-may force a monopolist to price at marginal cost. This article shows that when these two forces coexist, the tendency toward competition may be negated. First, we prove that durable goods oligopolists without commitment powers may attain joint profits arbitrarily close to those of a monopolist with perfect commitment power. Second, we demonstrate that the presence of a potential entrant may enable a durable goods monopolist to act as if he had commitment power. Thus, potential as well as actual entry may restore monopoly power.
Applications of Fourier-synthesis methods to the analysis of specular reflectivity (1993)

The inversion of a real-space density profile from specular reflection data is a highly nonlinear transformation and, in the absence of phase information, a direct inversion is not possible. Fourier synthesis techniques used in crystallography (where a similar phaseless problem is encountered) have been applied to the analysis of reflectivity data. The approach involves approximating the density profile by a Fourier series and then using the correspondence between the Bragg-peak intensities and the corresponding Fourier coefficients to fit the reflectivity data. Although the phase is not determined at each point, the overall shape of the peak provides a measure of the relative magnitudes of the sine and cosine coefficients and hence a partial measure of the relative phase. This technique provides an excellent tool for the inversion of reflectivity data from regular periodic structures and is a promising step towards the final goal of establishing the uniqueness of the inverted density profile. The Fourier method of analysis has been further applied to the analysis of reflectivity from diblock copolymer films.
High performance, ultra high voltage 4H-SiC IGBTs (2012)

We present our latest developments in ultra high voltage 4H-SiC IGBTs. A 4H-SiC P-IGBT, with a chip size of 6.7 mm × 6.7 mm and an active area of 0.16 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> exhibited a record high blocking voltage of 15 kV, while showing a room temperature differential specific on-resistance of 24 mΩ-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a gate bias of -20 V. A 4H-SiC N-IGBT with the same area showed a blocking voltage of 12.5 kV, and demonstrated a room temperature differential specific on-resistance of 5.3 mΩ-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a gate bias of 20 V. Buffer layer design, which includes controlling the doping concentration and the thickness of the field-stop buffer layers, was used to control the charge injection from the backside. Effects on buffer layer design on static characteristics and switching behavior are reported.
Moving toward earlier treatment of multiple sclerosis: Findings from a decade of clinical trials and implications for clinical practice (2013)

The first clinical presentation of multiple sclerosis (MS) is usually a single episode of typical symptoms and signs and is designated a "first clinical demyelinating event" (FCDE) or a "clinically isolated syndrome". Patients with an FCDE who show 'silent' magnetic resonance imaging lesions are at high risk of further clinical events and therefore of meeting the criteria for the diagnosis of clinically definite MS (CDMS). Here we review five Phase III trials, in which treatment with the following disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) was initiated at this early stage: interferon beta (ETOMS, CHAMPS, BENEFIT, and REFLEX) and glatiramer acetate (PreCISe). Differences in the design of the trials and their patient inclusion criteria limit comparisons. However, the proportion of placebo-treated patients who developed CDMS within 2 years was 38-45% across studies, and this rate was significantly reduced by DMD treatment. Conversion to McDonald MS was reported by only two of the trials: BENEFIT (2001 criteria) and REFLEX (2005 criteria). Around 85% of placebo-treated patients developed McDonald MS by 2 years in each, and again a beneficial effect of DMD treatment was seen. Overall, these studies support early use of DMDs to treat patients with an FCDE who are at high risk of conversion to CDMS.
A mutagenesis study of a catalytic antibody (antibody catalysis/phosphocholine/mutages) (1991)

We have generated seven site-specific muta- tions in the genes encoding the variable region of the heavy chain domain (VH) of the phosphocholine-binding antibody S107. S107 is a member ofa family ofwell-characterized highly homologous antibodies that bind phosphoryicholine mono- and diesters. Two of these antibodies, MOPC-167 and T15, have previously been shown to cmtalyze the hydrolysis of 4-nitro- phenyl N-trimethylammothyl carbonate. Two conserved heavy-chain residues, Tyr-33 and Arg-52, were postulated to be involved in binding and hydrolysis of 4-nltrophenylcholine carbonate esters. To more precisely define the catalytic roles of these residues, three Arg-52 mutants (R52K, R52Q, R52C) and four Tyr-33 mutants (Y33H, Y33F, Y33E, Y33D) of antibody S107 were generated. The genes encoding the VH binding domain ofS107 were inserted into plasmid pUC-fl1, and in vitro mutagenesis was performed. The wild-type and mutant S107 antibodies were expressed in P-3X63-Ag8.653 (P-3) myeloma cells by using a modified SV2 shuttle vector. The catalytic properties ofwild-type antibody S107 are similar tothose ofthe phosphocholine-speciflk antibody T15, which has the same VH protein sequence. In general, mutations at Tyr-33 had little effect on catalytic activity, whereas mutations at Arg-52 that result in loss of the positively charged side chain sigificanty lower the catalytic activity of S107. One mutant, Y33H, catalyzed the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl N-trimethylammo- nioethyl carbonate with a ken of 5.7 min-' and aK. of 1.6mM at pH 7.5. These results not only demonstrate the importance of electrostatic interactions in catalysis by antibody S107 but also show that catalytic side chains can be introduced into antibodies to enhance their catalytic efficiency.
Multi-frequency pulsations in mode-locked fiber lasers (2002)

We show that pulsations in mode-locked fiber lasers can have a multi-frequency behaviour. Pulsations can take the form of period doubling, period tripling and contain even two or several non-commensurate frequencies.
How CSMA/CA With Deferral Affects Performance and Dynamics in Power-Line\n Communications (2016)

Power-line communications (PLC) are becoming a key component in home\nnetworking, because they provide easy and high-throughput connectivity. The\ndominant MAC protocol for high data-rate PLC, the IEEE 1901, employs a CSMA/CA\nmechanism similar to the backoff process of 802.11. Existing performance\nevaluation studies of this protocol assume that the backoff processes of the\nstations are independent (the so-called decoupling assumption). However, in\ncontrast to 802.11, 1901 stations can change their state after sensing the\nmedium busy, which is regulated by the so-called deferral counter. This\nmechanism introduces strong coupling between the stations and, as a result,\nmakes existing analyses inaccurate. In this paper, we propose a performance\nmodel for 1901, which does not rely on the decoupling assumption. We prove that\nour model admits a unique solution for a wide range of configurations and\nconfirm the accuracy of the model using simulations. Our results show that we\noutperform current models based on the decoupling assumption. In addition to\nevaluating the performance in steady state, we further study the transient\ndynamics of 1901, which is also affected by the deferral counter.\n
ChemInform Abstract: MONOSACCHARIDES CONTAINING NITROGEN IN THE RING. XXXVII. SYNTHESIS OF 1,5‐DIDEOXY‐1,5‐IMINO‐D‐GALACTITOL (1980)

Abstract Durch katalytische Oxidation an Pt gelangt man von 1,6‐Anhydro‐oz‐D‐galactofuranose zum Keton (I), dessen Acetat‐gepufferte Reaktion mit Hydroxylamin zu einem 3:1‐Gemisch des E‐ und Z‐Oxims (II) führt.
1H and 13C NMR analysis of brassinosteroids (1992)

Abstract The 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of the two phytohormones, brassinolide and 24‐epi‐brassinolide, and the two synthetic analogues 22,23,24‐trisepi‐brassinolide and (22 S ,23 S )‐28‐homo‐brassinolide, were assigned using 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Independent assignment strategies are presented for the 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts of the steroidal side‐chain.
Antiretroviral drug activity and potential for pre-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19 and HIV infection (2021)

COVID-19 is the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 which has led to 2,643,000 deaths worldwide, a number which is rapidly increasing. Urgent studies to identify new antiviral drugs, repurpose existing drugs, or identify drugs that can target the overactive immune response are ongoing. Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) have been tested in past human coronavirus infections, and also against SARS-CoV-2, but a trial of lopinavir and ritonavir failed to show any clinical benefit in COVID-19. However, there is limited data as to the course of COVID-19 in people living with HIV, with some studies showing a decreased mortality for those taking certain ARV regimens. We hypothesized that ARVs other than lopinavir and ritonavir might be responsible for some protection against the progression of COVID-19. Here, we used chemoinformatic analyses to predict which ARVs would bind and potentially inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) or RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp) enzymes <i>in silico</i>. The drugs predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro included the protease inhibitors atazanavir and indinavir. The ARVs predicted to bind the catalytic site of the RdRp included Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, abacavir, emtricitabine, zidovudine, and tenofovir. Existing or new combinations of antiretroviral drugs could potentially prevent or ameliorate the course of COVID-19 if shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 <i>in vitro</i> and in clinical trials. Further studies are needed to establish the activity of ARVs for treatment or prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection .Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
HuR/ELAVL1 drives malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor growth and metastasis (2020)

Cancer cells can develop a strong addiction to discrete molecular regulators, which control the aberrant gene expression programs that drive and maintain the cancer phenotype. Here, we report the identification of the RNA-binding protein HuR/ELAVL1 as a central oncogenic driver for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), which are highly aggressive sarcomas that originate from cells of the Schwann cell lineage. HuR was found to be highly elevated and bound to a multitude of cancer-associated transcripts in human MPNST samples. Accordingly, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of HuR had potent cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on tumor growth, and strongly suppressed metastatic capacity in vivo. Importantly, we linked the profound tumorigenic function of HuR to its ability to simultaneously regulate multiple essential oncogenic pathways in MPNST cells, including the Wnt/β-catenin, YAP/TAZ, RB/E2F, and BET pathways, which converge on key transcriptional networks. Given the exceptional dependency of MPNST cells on HuR for survival, proliferation, and dissemination, we propose that HuR represents a promising therapeutic target for MPNST treatment.
Sulfonylureas and related compounds and use of the same (2016)

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and prodrugs thereof: Formula (I) wherein Q is selected from O, S and Se; J is S or Se; W1 and W2, when present, are independently selected from N and C; R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C12alkyl, C2-C12alkenyl, C2-C12alkynyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, amino, amido, alkylthio, acyl, arylalkyl and acylamido, all of which may be optionally substituted; and wherein at least one of W1 and W2 is present and is a nitrogen atom and when R1 and R2 are cyclic then the respective W1 or W2 may form part of the ring structure. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions including such compounds, to methods of treatment using such compounds, in particular in relation to NLRP3 inflammasome mediated disorders, and to associated diagnostic uses.
Improvement of the magnetic core for eddy current losses decreasing in cylindrical linear actuators. (2015)

Abstract: In this paper, a method for reducing the eddy current losses in cylindrical linear structure is presented. It is based on one or several slots in the magnetic circuit. This method has been applied in a multi-rod actuator. The comparison between several slot configurations will be presented in the final paper. 1
15th International Isotope Society (UK group) Symposium (2006)

Abstract Meeting Programme Dr Nigel Botting [University of St Andrews, UK] – Isotopic Labelling of Lignan Phytoestrogens . Prof. Frédéric Dollé [CEA PET Centre, Orsay, France] – Fluorine‐18 Chemistry: A Selection of Recent Advances . Prof. Peter Scott [University of Warwick, UK] – Creating Chiral Metal Centres . Mr Laurent Brichard [WBIC, University of Cambridge, UK] – A Simple Device for the Radiosynthesis of [Carbonyl‐ 11 C]amides , Esters and Ketones using Carbon‐11 Monoxide . Dr Michael Hickey [AstraZeneca Charnwood, UK] – Tritium‐labelling via an Iridium‐based Solid‐phase Catalyst . Prof. Wolfgang Steglich [Ludwig‐Maximilians University, Germany] – Meroterpenoids from Mushrooms , A Colourful Group of Natural Products . Dr Joe Schofield [Sanofi‐Aventis, France] – Radio‐ and Stable‐isotope Labelling of SSR591813 – A Nicotinic Partial Agonist . Dr Nikolai Kuhnert [University of Surrey, UK] – Chiral Recognition in Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry using Isotopically Labelled Trianglamine Macrocycles . Dr Paul Watts [University of Hull, UK] – The Application of Micro Reactors for Radiochemical Synthesis . Dr Tony Gee [GlaxoSmithKline, UK] – PET in Drug Discovery and Development . Dr Alan Wadsworth [GlaxoSmithKline, UK] – Stable Isotopic Labelling of Heterocyclic Compounds
Metalloporphyrin mediated biomimetic oxidations. A useful tool for the investigation of cytochrome P450 catalyzed oxidative metabolism (2004)

This review summarizes the recent development on metalloporphyrin catalyzed biomimetic oxidations as applied for modeling cytochrome P450 mediated oxidative metabolic processes. Successful applications of metalloporphyrin-based models on known drugs, drug candidates and agrochemicals were reviewed.