gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extension and practical evaluation of the spatial modulation concept (2013)

The spatial modulation (SM) concept combines, in a novel fashion, digital modulation and multiple antenna transmission for low complexity and spectrally efficient data transmission. The idea considers the transmit antenna array as a spatial constellation diagram with the transmit antennas as the constellation points. To this extent, SM maps a sequence of bits onto a signal constellation point and onto a spatial constellation point. The information is conveyed by detecting the transmitting antenna (the spatial constellation point) in addition to the signal constellation point. In this manner, inter-channel interference is avoided entirely since transmission is restricted to a single antenna at any transmission instance. However, encoding binary information in the spatial domain means that the number of transmit antennas must be a power of two. To address this constraint, fractional bit encoded spatial modulation (FBE—SM) is proposed. FBE–SMuses the theory of modulus conversion to facilitate fractional bit rates over time. In particular, it allows each transmitter to use an arbitrary number of transmit antennas. Furthermore, the application of SM in a multi-user, interference limited scenario has never been considered. To this extent, the average bit error rate (ABER) of SM is characterised in the interference limited scenario. The ABER performance is first analysed for the interference-unaware detector. An interference-aware detector is then proposed and compared with the cost and complexity equivalent detector for a single–input multiple–output (SIMO) system. The application of SM with an interference-aware detector results in coding gains for the system. Another area of interest involves using SM for relaying systems. The aptitude of SM to replace or supplement traditional relaying networks is analysed and its performance is compared with present solutions. The application of SM to a fixed relaying system, termed dual-hop spatial modulation (Dh-SM), is shown to have an advantage in terms of the source to destination ABER when compared to the classical decode and forward (DF) relaying scheme. In addition, the application of SM to a relaying system employing distributed relaying nodes is considered and its performance relative to Dh-SM is presented. While significant theoretical work has been done in analysing the performance of SM, the implementation of SM in a practical system has never been shown. In this thesis, the performance evaluation of SM in a practical testbed scenario is presented for the first time. To this extent, the empirical results validate the theoretical work presented in the literature.
Raman-based sorting of microbial cells to link functions to their genes (2020)

In our recent work, we developed an optofluidic platform that allows a direct link to be made between the phenotypes (functions) and the genotypes (genes) of microbial cells within natural communities. By combining stable isotope probing, optical tweezers, Raman microspectroscopy, and microfluidics, the platform performs automated Raman-based sorting of taxa from within a complex community in terms of their functional properties. In comparison with manual sorting approaches, our method provides high throughput (up to 500 cells per hour) and very high sorting accuracy (98.3 ± 1.7%), and significantly reduces the human labour required. The system provides an efficient manner to untangle the contributions of individual members within environmental and host-associated microbiomes. In this News and Thoughts, we provide an overview of our platform, describe potential applications, suggest ways in which the system could be improved, and discuss future directions in which Raman-based analysis of microbial populations might be developed.
“Reprende […] onde o merece o vício”: A sátira na poesia do Classicismo e do Maneirismo (2018)

If, deluded by general literary history, we only value what is ethical and responsible in classical Portuguese satire, forgetting that it can also contain individual arbitrariness aimed at the destruction of an object, we will miss the moments when, as in medieval satire, the factor of constitution seems to be the ruthless and immoral personalization of criticism of persons, institutions, or entities. The aesthetics of moderation ends up promoting a subtly saturated and concrete language that seems to pursue the annulment of the other rather than a corrective social function. In Mannerism we find the most aesthetically elaborate examples of satire that challenges destiny or God in relation to the evils that fall upon an impotent but insubstantial self before such sensitive questions of metaphysical morality, a satire whose classic style gives it an aesthetic dignity and textual model without exception. In this article, we will see the different paths of classic and Mannerist satire, using the works of poets such as Sá de Miranda, António Ferreira, Pêro de Andrade Caminha, André Falcão de Resende, and Fernão Rodrigues Lobo Soropita.
Non-covalently modified graphene supported ultrafine nanoparticles of palladium for hydrogen gas sensing (2013)

A facile aqueous based method of decorating p-phosphonic acid calix[8]arene functionalized graphene with well-dispersed ultrafine palladium nanoparticles (∼2 nm) has been developed. The electrocatalytic Pd-NP–graphene nano-composite has been incorporated into a functional hydrogen sensing device using a simple drop casting technique on interdigitated electrodes.
p53 Response to Ultrasound: Preliminary Observations in MCF7 Human Breast Cancer Cells (2011)

Mutated p53 can be found in approximately half of all human cancers. Strategies which seek to restore, or at least exercise a level of external control over, p53 functionality are thus potentially useful as adjuncts to therapy. Here, we report our preliminary measurements in this area, and demonstrate that short-burst pulsed ultrasound can indeed affect p53 activity. Specifically, we have observed that expression of the p53 protein can be regulated in the period immediately following low intensity short pulse (millisecond) ultrasound exposure, and that altered activity levels return to basal levels over a 24 hour period post-insonation.
Pattern formation in a four-ring reaction-diffusion network with heterogeneity (2022)

In networks of nonlinear oscillators, symmetries place hard constraints on the system that can be exploited to predict universal dynamical features and steady states, providing a rare generic organizing principle for far-from-equilibrium systems. However, the robustness of this class of theories to symmetry-disrupting imperfections is untested in free-running (i.e., non-computer-controlled) systems. Here, we develop a model experimental reaction-diffusion network of chemical oscillators to test applications of the theory of dynamical systems with symmeries in the context of self-organizing systems relevant to biology and soft robotics. The network is a ring of four microreactors containing the oscillatory Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction coupled to nearest neighbors via diffusion. Assuming homogeneity across the oscillators, theory predicts four categories of stable spatiotemporal phase-locked periodic states and four categories of invariant manifolds that guide and structure transitions between phase-locked states. In our experiments, we observed that three of the four phase-locked states were displaced from their idealized positions and, in the ensemble of measurements, appeared as clusters of different shapes and sizes, and that one of the predicted states was absent. We also observed the predicted symmetry-derived synchronous clustered transients that occur when the dynamical trajectories coincide with invariant manifolds. Quantitative agreement between experiment and numerical simulations is found by accounting for the small amount of experimentally determined heterogeneity in intrinsic frequency. We further elucidate how different patterns of heterogeneity impact each attractor differently through a bifurcation analysis. We show that examining bifurcations along invariant manifolds provides a general framework for developing intuition about how chemical-specific dynamics interact with topology in the presence of heterogeneity that can be applied to other oscillators in other topologies.
Novel Batch Titanium Nitride CVD Process for Advanced Metal Electrodes (2008)

This article describes a novel CVD process for TiN films developed in a 300 mm Vertical Furnace. We have solved Chlorine incorporation at low temperature inside the TiN layer while at the same time the batch process yields a 3 times higher throughput per dual reactor system compared to a single wafer system with 3 chambers.We show process results for load sizes ranging from 5 to as much as 100 wafers that prove filler wafers are only required to a minimum. Applications of the developed TiN process in Metal-Insulator-Metal memory devices such as Deep Trench DRAM, Stack DRAM, as well as Control Electrodes in Charge trapping Flash memory
Ligand-Enabled β-C(sp3)–H Olefination of Free Carboxylic Acids (2018)

An acetyl-protected aminoethyl phenyl thioether has been developed to promote C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H activation. Significant ligand enhancement is demonstrated by the realization of the first Pd(II)-catalyzed olefination of C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H bonds of free carboxylic acids without using an auxiliary. Subsequent lactonization of the olefinated product via 1,4 addition provided exclusively monoselectivity in the presence of multiple β-C-H bonds. The product γ-lactone can be readily opened to give either the highly valuable β-olefinated or γ-hydroxylated aliphatic acids. Considering the challenges in developing Heck couplings using alkyl halides, this reaction offers a useful alternative.
Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (2015)

It is with great pleasure that we welcome you to the 2015 ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces -- ACM IUI 2015 in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Starting in 1993, ACM IUI is now in its 20th edition and serves as a premier international forum for reporting outstanding research and development on intelligent user interfaces. ACM IUI is where the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community meets the Artificial Intelligence (AI) community. We are also very interested in contributions from related fields, such as psychology, behavioral science, cognitive science, computer graphics, design, the arts, etc. At ACM IUI, we focus on the interaction between machine intelligence and human intelligence. While other conferences focus on one side or the other, we address the complex interaction between the two. We welcome research that explores how to make the interaction between computers and people smarter, which may leverage solutions from data mining, knowledge representation, novel interaction paradigms, and emerging technologies. For the 20th edition of the conference, the call for papers attracted a record number of 205 long and short paper submissions, 41 poster paper submissions, 18 demo paper submissions, and 24 student consortium submissions. The final program of the conference includes 3 keynotes, 47 long and short papers (22.9% acceptance rate), 17 posters, 8 demos, 4 workshops, 3 tutorials, and 12 student consortium papers. The program opens with a keynote by Professor Dan Weld on "Intelligent Control of Crowdsourcing", continues with a keynote by Ed Chi on "Blurring of the Boundary Between Interactive Search and Recommendation" on the second day, and ends with a keynote by Rosalind Picard on "Recognizing Stress, Engagement, and Positive Emotion". Four workshops (Personalized Access to Cultural Heritage, Intelligent Digital Games for Empowerment and Inclusion, Interacting with Smart Objects, and Visual Text Analytics) and three tutorials (Speech-based Interaction, Personalization for Behavior Change, and User Affect and Sentiment Modeling) complement the main conference program.
Perioperative whole blood levels of selenium in patients undergoing off-pump cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled study (2014)

Objectives: Cardiac surgery is frequently accompanied by an increase of oxidative stress, resulting in a significant reduced antioxidant (AOX) capacity, which is associated with postoperative inflammation, development of organ dysfunction and increased mortality. Given the pivotal role of selenium (Se) as an essential co-factor of various antioxidant enzymes and the previously shown decrease of selenium during cardiac surgery, we evaluated the time course of selenium levels in patients undergoing off-pump surgery.
Global optimization of omnidirectional wavelength selective emitters/absorbers based on dielectric-filled anti-reflection coated two-dimensional metallic photonic crystals (2014)

We report the design of dielectric-filled anti-reflection coated (ARC) two-dimensional (2D) metallic photonic crystals (MPhCs) capable of omnidirectional, polarization insensitive, wavelength selective emission/absorption. Using non-linear global optimization methods, optimized hafnium oxide (HfO2)-filled ARC 2D Tantalum (Ta) PhC designs exhibiting up to 26% improvement in emittance/absorptance at wavelengths λ below a cutoff wavelength λc over the unfilled 2D TaPhCs are demonstrated. The optimized designs possess high hemispherically average emittance/absorptance εH of 0.86 at λ < λc and low εH of 0.12 at λ > λc.
Multiple small RNAs identified in Mycobacterium bovis BCG are also expressed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis (2010)

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem, infecting millions of people each year. The causative agent of TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the world's most ancient and successful pathogens. However, until recently, no work on small regulatory RNAs had been performed in this organism. Regulatory RNAs are found in all three domains of life, and have already been shown to regulate virulence in well-known pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholera. Here we report the discovery of 34 novel small RNAs (sRNAs) in the TB-complex M. bovis BCG, using a combination of experimental and computational approaches. Putative homologues of many of these sRNAs were also identified in M. tuberculosis and/or M. smegmatis. Those sRNAs that are also expressed in the non-pathogenic M. smegmatis could be functioning to regulate conserved cellular functions. In contrast, those sRNAs identified specifically in M. tuberculosis could be functioning in mediation of virulence, thus rendering them potential targets for novel antimycobacterials. Various features and regulatory aspects of some of these sRNAs are discussed.
Synthesis of Porous Fe/TiB<sub>2</sub> Composites by Means of Combustion Synthesis Reaction (2017)

Porous metals show some unique properties, which bulk metals cannot exhibit. Especially, iron-based porous metals are expected to be applied to structural components because of their high strength, high rigidity, low material cost and so on. In this research, we synthesized porous Fe/TiB2 composites by Fe-Ti-B combustion reaction. Iron, titanium and boron powders were blended to synthesize 30 to 60vol%TiB2 particles in Fe matrix after the combustion synthesis reaction. Four kinds of iron powders (powder size: < 53 μm, < 150 μm, 600 μm and 850-1000 μm) were used. The blended powder was heated to induce the combustion synthesis reaction. When < 53 μm and < 150 μm iron powders were used, irregular shaped and open pores were formed. On the other hand, when 600 μm and 850-1000 μm iron powders were used, spherical pores whose sizes and shapes were similar to those of iron powders were formed.
Solution ALD: A Versatility Process for the Growth of Sulfides and Selenides (2022)

We have proposed and demonstrated a novel thin film deposition technique by transferring the principles of atomic layer deposition (ALD), known with gaseous precursors, towards precursors dissolved in a liquid. The technique can also be considered as a generalization of already established methods such as the ‘layer by layer’ growth or the ‘successive ion layer adsorption and reaction’ (SILAR). 'Solution ALD' (sALD) shares the fundamental properties of standard ‘gas ALD’ (gALD), specially the self-limiting growth and the ability to coat conformally deep pores. It has been already shown that it is possible to transfer standard reactions from gALD to sALD such as TiO 2 deposition . However, sALD also offers novel opportunities such as overcoming the need for volatile and thermally robust precursors. To illustrate this, we establish sALD procedures for depositing films of non oxides layers such as Pb-compound deposition, MOF, selenides and sulfides. Those examples highlight how ionic, polar, or high-molecular weight precursors that only exist in the condensed phase are now rendered amenable to being utilized in surface-controlled thin film formation by sALD for depositing materials that would otherwise be more difficult or more expensive to achieve by gALD or hazardous. The deposition was achieved on small (2 cm*1 cm) and large samples (up to 10 cm*10 cm). The ALD behavior has been shown. The influence of the deposition parameters on the morphology, the crystalline structure and the chemical composition has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Additionally, the nucleation is studied in function of chemical pretreatment to control the growth and allow selective deposition of SnS, SnSe and Sb 2 Se 3 . This particular ALD process offer the growth of high quality and crystalline layers in middle conditions with the use of low cost and environmental friendly precursors. Y. Wu, D. Döhler, M. Barr, E Oks,M. Wolf, L. Santinacci and J. Bachmann, Nano Lett. 2015 , 15 , 6379 J. Fichtner, Y. Wu, J. Hitzenberger, T. Drewello and J. Bachmann, ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 2017 , 6 , N171
Ingested Boric Acid Effect on the Venom Chemistry of Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (2011)

During a field evaluation of a boric acid bait against the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, it was observed that workers of intoxicated colonies produced stings with less toxic effects compared with workers from healthy colonies. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of boric acid on the levels of piperidine alkaloids in ant venom was investigated. Exposure to boric acid for a period of 4 wks resulted in significant changes in both concentrations and ratios of the piperidine alkaloids. The concentration of piperidine alkaloids was significantly lower in colonies treated with the boric acid bait. Thus, boric acid suppresses the production of piperidine alkaloids in red imported fire ants.
Wettability of Silicon Oxide with Poly-Crystalline Silicon (1994)

Stoichiometric change of underlying silicon oxide has been found to have a great influence upon the properties of thin poly-crystalline silicon (poly-Si) films deposited on an underlying silicon oxide, resulting in important characteristics changes of the poly-Si thin film transistors (TFTs) made on it. The silicon oxide containing excessive silicon atoms has fairly good wettability with silicon so that the thin poly-Si deposited on it is in a continuous film state even if it is as thin as 25 nm and is deposited under infra-low pressure. The thin poly-Si on the stoichiometricaly perfect silicon dioxide, on the other hand, is in a separate island-like state but consists of large crystallites. The best TFTs will be fabricated by optimizing the amount of silicon content in the underlying silicon oxide, the poly-Si deposition condition, and the thickness of poly-Si film.
Fluorinated liquid crystals: evaluation of selectively fluorinated facially polarised cyclohexyl motifs for liquid crystal applications (2016)

This paper explores the synthesis of a series of prototype negative dielectric liquid crystalline (LC) compounds which contain fluorinated cyclohexane motifs. The series are analogues and differ only in that they contain between one to four fluorine atoms. The stereochemistry is such that all of the fluorines/C-F bonds are on one face of the cyclohexane ring. This follows from the recent recognition that cyclohexanes with fluorines orientated in one direction, perpendicular to the ring have a strong molecular dipole, a characteristic that might be an advantage in the design of negative dielectric materials. However it is found that the increased polarity, particularly with two or more oriented C-F bonds, leads to higher melting points and poorer solubility in test matrix formulations, relative to hydrocarbon liquid crystals. This arises due to electrostatic intermolecular interactions between the polarised cyclohexyl and aryl rings. The study highlights that in order to take advantage of these polar cyclohexane motifs for liquid crystal design, appropriate scaffolds are required which are free of aromatic rings and contain peripheral solubilising motifs.
Musical Beat-Tracking for Robots and Its Application to A Music Robot (2011)

Human-robot interaction through music in real environments is essential for robots, because such a robot makes people enjoyable. To deal with real music signals by using robot's own ears, we propose a beat-tracking algorithm for a robot based on semi-blind independent component analysis (SB-ICA) and spectro-temporal pattern matching (STPM). SB-ICA suppresses a self-generating sound such as singing or scatting which heavily affects beat-tracking due to its periodicity. STPM provides quick adaptation to beat changes because it is able to use a shorter matching window than conventional beat-tracking methods based on self-correlation functions. We thus developed a music robot which steps, sings, and scats according to musical beats based on the proposed beat-tracking method. The experimental results using the music robot showed highly noise-robust beat-tracking even when the robot was singing or scatting, and quick adaptation to beat changes like a human clapping sound whose tempo is always changing.
Optimised Scheduling of Online Experiments (2015)

Modern search engines increasingly rely on online evaluation methods such as A/B tests and interleaving. These online evaluation methods make use of interactions by the search engine's users to test various changes in the search engine. However, since the number of the user sessions per unit of time is limited, the number of simultaneously running on-line evaluation experiments is bounded. In an extreme case, it might be impossible to deploy all experiments since they arrive faster than are proccessed. Consequently, it is very important to efficiently use the limited resource of the user's interactions. In this paper, we formulate the novel problem of schedule optimisation for the queue of the online experiments: given a limited number of the user interactions available for experimentation, we want to re-order the queue so that the number of successful experiments is maximised. In order to build a schedule optimisation algorithm, we start by formulating a model of an online experimentation pipeline. Next, we propose to reduce the task of finding the optimal schedule to a learning-to-rank problem, where we require the most promising experiments to be ranked first in the schedule. To evaluate the proposed approach, we perform an evaluation study using two datasets containing 82 interleaving and 35 A/B test experiments, performed by a commercial search engine. We measure the quality of a schedule as the number of successful experiments executed under the limited resource of the user interactions. Our proposed schedulers obtain improvements of up to 342% compared to the un-optimised baseline schedule on the dataset of interleaving experiments and up to 43% on the dataset of A/B tests.