gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Edge Learning for B5G Networks with Distributed Signal Processing: Semantic Communication, Edge Computing, and Wireless Sensing (2022)

To process and transfer large amounts of data in emerging wireless services, it has become increasingly appealing to exploit distributed data communication and learning. Specifically, edge learning (EL) enables local model training on geographically disperse edge nodes and minimizes the need for frequent data exchange. However, the current design of separating EL deployment and communication optimization does not yet reap the promised benefits of distributed signal processing, and sometimes suffers from excessive signalling overhead, long processing delay, and unstable learning convergence. In this paper, we provide an overview on practical distributed EL techniques and their interplay with advanced communication optimization designs. In particular, typical performance metrics for dual-functional learning and communication networks are discussed. Also, recent achievements of enabling techniques for the dual-functional design are surveyed with exemplifications from the mutual perspectives of "communications for learning" and "learning for communications." The application of EL techniques within a variety of future communication systems are also envisioned for beyond 5G (B5G) wireless networks. For the application in goal-oriented semantic communication, we present a first mathematical model of the goal-oriented source entropy as an optimization problem. In addition, from the viewpoint of information theory, we identify fundamental open problems of characterizing rate regions for communication networks supporting distributed learning-and-computing tasks. We also present technical challenges as well as emerging application opportunities in this field, with the aim of inspiring future research and promoting widespread developments of EL in B5G.
Study on counting error in particle inspection (2010)

In EUV lithography (EUVL) it is important to protect a mask from the adhesion of particles because it is difficult to use a pellicle. At Selete, we evaluated a dual-pod carrier and reported on its ability to protect a mask from particles. In the evaluation the average number of particles added to the mask during several hundred handling-cycles was 0.4. Therefore, it is very important to precisely count the number of particle adders. However, according to the specification of the inspection tool, the counting error was greater than the average number of particle adders in the evaluation. In addition, it is known that the error increases for particles with a size near the detection limit. In the evaluation, we inspected a mask substrate four times and regarded signals detected multiple times as real particles. We studied the counting error by assuming that the detection probability followed a static statistical fluctuation. We found that the expected value of counting error was represented with the equation by the number of initial particles, particle adders, capture rate, and inspection times. Under our evaluation condition, even if no quasi-particles existed, the counting error by a single inspection was estimated to be approximately 4. However, the counting error by our evaluation (four inspections) was estimated to be approximately 0.05. Therefore, we found that the reliability by multiple inspections was much higher than that by a single inspection and that the number of particles near the detection limit could be found precisely by multiple inspections. * This work was supported by NEDO.
Intravenous buscopan for analgesia following laparoscopic sterilisation (1999)

Following reports that tubal smooth muscle spasm may contribute to pelvic pain following laparoscopic sterilisation, we studied the effect of buscopan (an anticholinergic agent used to relieve smooth muscle spasm) on 45 patients undergoing general anaesthesia for day-case laparoscopic sterilisation. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either buscopan 20 mg or saline placebo after induction of anaesthesia. There were no significant differences in pain scores or postoperative analgesic requirements between the two groups. We conclude that intravenous buscopan confers no benefit in day-case laparoscopic sterilisation.
Engineering Quantum Dots with Different Emission Wavelengths and Specific Fluorescence Lifetimes for Spectrally and Temporally Multiplexed Imaging of Cells (2017)

In this work, a proof-of-concept study was performed to examine the potential of spectrally and temporally multiplexed imaging of cells by using quantum dots (QDs). The CdSe and ZAIS QDs with different emission wavelengths and well-separated fluorescence lifetimes were prepared to provide 2-dimensional information. After incubation with cells, the same type of QDs with different emission wavelengths were distinguishable in spectral imaging while different types of QDs with similar emission wavelengths but well-separated fluorescence lifetimes were resolvable in fluorescence lifetime imaging. For cells co-stained with dye and different types of QDs, the fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) images showed spatially separated patterns that can be split into channel images by using the software-based time gates. Overall, the results demonstrate the feasibility of combining the 2-dimensional encoded QDs for spectrally and temporally multiplexed imaging. This method can be extended to other QDs and organic dyes to maximize the number of measurable species in multiplexed imaging and sensing applications.
WNK3 modulates transport of Cl - in and out of cells: Implications for control of cell volume and neuronal excitability (2005)

The regulation of Cl(-) transport into and out of cells plays a critical role in the maintenance of intracellular volume and the excitability of GABA responsive neurons. The molecular determinants of these seemingly diverse processes are related ion cotransporters: Cl(-) influx is mediated by the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 and Cl(-) efflux via K-Cl cotransporters, KCC1 or KCC2. A Cl(-)/volume-sensitive kinase has been proposed to coordinately regulate these activities via altered phosphorylation of the transporters; phosphorylation activates NKCC1 while inhibiting KCCs, and dephosphorylation has the opposite effects. We show that WNK3, a member of the WNK family of serine-threonine kinases, colocalizes with NKCC1 and KCC1/2 in diverse Cl(-)-transporting epithelia and in neurons expressing ionotropic GABA(A) receptors in the hippocampus, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and reticular activating system. By expression studies in Xenopus oocytes, we show that kinase-active WNK3 increases Cl(-) influx via NKCC1, and that it inhibits Cl(-) exit through KCC1 and KCC2; kinase-inactive WNK3 has the opposite effects. WNK3's effects are imparted via altered phosphorylation and surface expression of its downstream targets and bypass the normal requirement of altered tonicity for activation of these transporters. Together, these data indicate that WNK3 can modulate the level of intracellular Cl(-) via opposing actions on entry and exit pathways. They suggest that WNK3 is part of the Cl(-)/volume-sensing mechanism necessary for the maintenance of cell volume during osmotic stress and the dynamic modulation of GABA neurotransmission.
Infrared Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy Below the Diffraction Limit (2008)

Infrared scanning near-field optical microscopy (IR-SNOM) is an extremely powerful analytical instrument since it combines IR spectroscopy's high chemical specificity with SNOM's high spatial resolution. In order to do this in the infrared, specialty chalcogenide glass fibers were fabricated and their ends tapered to generate SNOM probes. The fiber tips were installed in a modified near-field microscope and both inorganic and biological samples illuminated with the tunable output from a free-electron laser located at Vanderbilt University. Both topographical and IR spectral images were simultaneously recorded with a resolution of ~ 50 and ~ 100 nm, respectively. Unique spectroscopic features were identified in all samples, with spectral images exhibiting resolutions of up to lambda/60, or at least 30 times better than the diffraction limited lens-based microscopes. We believe that IR-SNOM can provide a very powerful insight into some of the most important biomedical research topics.
Quantification of false positive reduction in nucleic acid purification on hemorrhagic fever DNA. (2006)

Columbia University has developed a sensitive highly multiplexed system for genetic identification of nucleic acid targets. The primary obstacle to implementing this technology is the high rate of false positives due to high levels of unbound reporters that remain within the system after hybridization. The ability to distinguish between free reporters and reporters bound to targets limits the use of this technology. We previously demonstrated a new electrokinetic method for binary separation of kb pair long DNA molecules and oligonucleotides. The purpose of this project 99864 is to take these previous demonstrations and further develop the technique and hardware for field use. Specifically, our objective was to implement separation in a heterogeneous sample (containing target DNA and background oligo), to perform the separation in a flow-based device, and to develop all of the components necessary for field testing a breadboard prototype system.
OS3-3-5 Reliability Evaluation of Car Body and Bogies in Electric Multiple Units (2007)

The reliability evaluation is required for subway electric multiple units (EMUs) to guarantee the performance and safety during the operation of EMUs. In this investigation, the EMUs used for over twenty years were selected for the reliability evaluation. Moreover, various types of engineering analysis techniques were used for the current performance and safety evaluation. Several characterization means including nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, corrosion testing, and three-dimensional measurements, were employed for the evaluation of car bodies and bogies. The NDE techniques include ultrasonic testing for thickness change and flaw detection, magnetic particle testing for the detection of surface flaws, and radiography, In order to confirm the changes in dimension of car body or bogies, three- dimensional measurements were performed using the laser tracker. The measurement results were compared with the dimensions in original drawing. Moreover, stress and structural analyses using commercial finite element method (FEM) software provided important information on stress distribution and load transfer mechanisms, and the FEM results were compared with running safety testing results during test running. In this investigation, various advanced engineering analysis techniques for the reliability analysis of subway electric multiple units have been introduced and the results of the analysis have been used to provide the critical information for the criteria of reliability assessment.
IUSM-Purdue TREAT-AD Center Target Enabling Package; INPP5D (SHIP1) (2022)

A Target Enabling Package Centered around INPP5D (SHIP1) as it relates to Alzheimer's disease
Photoabsorption probability for a system governed by a time-dependent Hamiltonian through the (t,t′) formalism (1997)

Heller’s expression for the absorption cross-section in the weak field limit is extended to cases where the total Hamiltonian contains a strong time-dependent component, supplemented by a weak field. A very similar expression to the original case then results when the (t,t) formalism is used; one only needs to construct a correlation function for the system without the weak field, and use it to extract the absorption probability for any value of the weak-field frequency (or pulse shape). In addition, a numerical approach for extracting Floquet states without full-matrix diagonalization is demonstrated, by filtering (or filter-diagonalization) a single wave function (or the correlation function) propagated under the (t,t) Hamiltonian.
(VB-111)NORMAL OPTIC NERVE HEAD TOPOGRAPHY IN THE EARLY STAGES OF DEMENTIA OF THE ALZHEIMER TYPE (2000)

Kergoat, Helene OD, PhD1; Kergoat, Marie-Jeanne MD2; Justino, Lisette BA, MSc1; Robillard, Alain MD4; Bergman, Howard MD5; Chertkow, Howard MD5 Author Information
Project X (2013)

Particle physics has made enormous progress in understanding the nature of matter and forces at a fundamental level and has unlocked many mysteries of our world. The development of the Standard Model of particle physics has been a magnificent achievement of the field. Many deep and important questions have been answered and yet many mysteries remain. The discovery of neutrino oscillations, discrepancies in some precision measurements of Standard-Model processes, observation of matter-antimatter asymmetry, the evidence for the existence of dark matter and dark energy, all point to new physics beyond the Standard Model. The pivotal developments of our field, including the latest discovery of the Higgs Boson, have progressed within three interlocking frontiers of research – the Energy, Intensity and Cosmic frontiers – where discoveries and insights in one frontier powerfully advance the other frontiers as well.
Taxanes (2013)

The use of taxanes in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies has expanded tremendously over the past 30 years. Both paclitaxel and docetaxel have unique microtubule stabilizing, antiangiogenic and radiation sensitizing properties that endow them with remarkable activity as chemotherapeutic agents. As research into the appropriate dose, timing, treatment interval, and response rates have been studied, they have emerged as one of the most active agents available in the treatment of gynecologic cancer. The body of research on taxanes continues to expand especially with regard to the use of taxanes in alternative formulations and in combination with newer treatments or routes of treatment. This review focuses on the development of taxanes as an effective therapy in the treatment of gynecologic cancers and data currently available in the literature regarding their efficacy. Future directions of taxane-based chemotherapy with regards to ovarian, uterine, and cervical cancers are also addressed. There is little doubt that taxane-based chemotherapy will remain an integral part of the treatment of gynecologic cancer for the foreseeable future.
Mechanical Response of Carbon Composite Octet Truss Structures Produced via Axial Lattice Extrusion (2022)

Engineered lattice structures fabricated via additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are of great interest for many applications that require high strength and/or stiffness with minimum mass. This paper studies a novel axial lattice extrusion (ALE) AM technique that greatly enhances mechanical properties of polymeric lattice structures. When the novel ALE process was used to produce 84 mm × 84 mm × 84 mm octet truss lattice samples using fiber reinforced ABS, a total of 219,520 polymer interfaces in the lattice beams were eliminated relative to the conventional 3D printing alternative. Microscopic examination revealed near perfect alignment of the chopped carbon fibers with axes of the cylindrical beams that make up the lattice structure. The greatly enhanced beam quality with fiber reinforcement resulted in excellent mechanical properties. Compression testing yielded an average relative compressive strength of 17.4 MPa and an average modulus of 162.8 MPa. These properties rate very strongly relative to other published work, and indicate that the ALE process shows great potential for fabrication of high-strength, lightweight, large-scale, carbon-fiber composite components. The paper also contributes a modeling approach to finite element analysis (FEA) that captures the highly orthotropic properties of carbon fiber lattice beams. The diagonal shear failure mode predicted via the FEA model was in good agreement with experimentally observed results.
Preparation and functional properties of a protein isolate from defatted wheat germ (1996)

A protein isolate (90% protein) was prepared from defatted wheat germ by alkaline extraction at pH 9.5 and isoelectric precipitation at pH 4.0. Nitrogen solubility of wheat germ protein isolate (WGPI) was 72% at pH 6.0. WGPI compared well with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in its emulsifying properties. Foaming capacity of WGPI was similar to that of egg white standard while the foam stability was significantly lower (P 21 kDa MW. Wheat germ offers as a potential source of functional protein isolate for possible food applications.
Comparing Dot and Landscape Spatializations for Visual Memory Differences (2009)

Spatialization displays use a geographic metaphor to arrange non-spatial data. For example, spatializations are commonly applied to document collections so that document themes appear as geographic features such as hills. Many common spatialization interfaces use a 3-D landscape metaphor to present data. However, it is not clear whether 3-D spatializations afford improved speed and accuracy for user tasks compared to similar 2-D spatializations. We describe a user study comparing users' ability to remember dot displays, 2-D landscapes, and 3-D landscapes for two different data densities (500 vs. 1000 points). Participants' visual memory was statistically more accurate when viewing dot displays and 3-D landscapes compared to 2-D landscapes. Furthermore, accuracy remembering a spatialization was significantly better overall for denser spatializations. These results are of benefit to visualization designers who are contemplating the best ways to present data using spatialization techniques.
Luminance Efficiency of a (La,Tb,Ce)PO<sub>4</sub>:Eu Phosphor Layer Prepared with Binary Surface Active Organic Molecules (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Comic visualization on smartphones based on eye tracking (2016)

The visualization of comic images on a small screen is a difficult problem as the image is too large to be displayed on the screen and we do not know which areas and in which order the users want to see the image. The basic solution for the user is to look at the image in full screen without being able to see the details, or to zoom and scroll through the image, which can be quite inconvenient if the interactions have to often be repeated. Our idea is to use an eye tracker to record where the users reading a comic on paper books or large screens are looking at, to reproduce their reading behaviors with a comic visualization system and guide the users using a smaller screen through the comic.
Proton-Electron Mixed Conduction Properties in (Ce,Sr)PO4 (2008)

Mixed conductivity of proton and electron hole in (Ce,Sr)PO4 have been investigated by electrical conductivity and hydrogen permeation measurements. The partial conductivity contributions of proton and electron hole were separately evaluated from the total conductivity by assuming the defect model proposed in the preceding work. Hydrogen permeation measurements were demonstrated in order to check if and how much hydrogen permeates across the (Ce,Sr)PO4 membranes. As expected, hydrogen successfully permeated across the membranes. Use of surface catalysts was found to enhance the hydrogen permeation fluxes. This suggested that the contribution of the surface reaction to the hydrogen permeation process is remarkable. Hydrogen permeation flux through the (Ce,Sr)PO4 membranes is concluded to be essentially determined by the surface reaction process.
A Quantitative Study on Cell Adhesion using Surface Acoustic Wave (2021)

Cells adhere to a substrate and/or other cells to proliferate, meaning cell adhesion is one of the most important mechanical properties of cells to be quantitatively measured. In this study, we developed a method to quantitatively measure the difference in cell adhesion by utilizing the peeling phenomenon observed when cells are irradiated to surface acoustic waves. By using the proposed method, we demonstrate that the adhesion force of myoblasts cultured on a surface acoustic wave device can be regulated by changing the PBS immersion time before detachment. The detachment force becomes able to be quantitatively compared by the proposed method.
The in vivo effect of Rhodiola quadrifida extracts on the metabolic activity of blood granulocytes in mice (2008)

Rhodiola quadrifida (Rq) roots and rhizomes are traditional natural drugs used in Asia as adaptogens and antidepressants. The aim of this work was to study the in vivo effect of aqueous and 50% hydro-alcoholic extracts of Rq rhizomes on the metabolic activity of blood granulocytes in mice. Mice were fed for 7 days Rq extracts in daily doses 50, 100, 200 or 400 μg. The metabolic activity of blood phagocyting cells was determined based on the measurement of their chemiluminescent activity in scintillation counter, after stimulation by zymosan. Both extracts stimulated granulocytes activity in 400 μg doses, in lower dose (200 μg) only hydro-alcoholic extract was effective.
Radio Wave Diffusion Indoors and Throughput Scaling with Cell Density (2012)

Diffusion theory is found to provide a simple yet accurate expression for the average received radio power loss indoors in non-line-of-sight propagation. Effective specific absorption is the sole parameter. Agreement with extensive indoor power measurements is found at all ranges. Use of the standard power-law to describe the data is found to lead to power exponents that vary from near 2 at short ranges to around 11 at 100 m. Extending the diffusion model to account for variation in scatterer density provides a stochastic mechanism explaining the log-normal nature of observed average power variations, usually termed "shadow fading". The standard deviation of power variation is found to increase with range (as r <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> at short ranges), in agreement with measurements and unlike accepted models. Exponential absorption in diffusion is determined to have a large impact on the signal-to-interference-and noise behavior, materially affecting conclusions on the value of increasing cell density as a method of increasing wireless network capacity.
Synthesis and Application of [1,2,5]Triazepane and [1,2,5]Oxadiazepane as Versatile Structural Units for Drug Discovery (2010)

Seven-membered heterocyclic [1,2,5]triazepane and [1,2,5]oxadiazepane derivatives were synthesized as candidate structures for application in drug discovery in place of conventional piperazine or morpholine moieties, offering multiple sites for modification with functional groups. We first synthesized the N-protected heterocycles, and then confirmed their utility by synthesizing analogues of the oxazolidinone antibacterial agent linezolid. The analogues exhibited potent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity. In particular, compound 10a exhibited good in vivo efficacy when administered intravenously in a murine model of systemic infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SR3637. These seven-membered heterocycles are expected to be versatile structural units for drug discovery.