gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly infectious plasmids carrying poliovirus cDNA are capable of replication in transfected simian cells (1986)

We examined events leading to production of infectious poliovirus upon transfection of simian cells with plasmids carrying poliovirus cDNA and simian virus 40 transcription and replication signals. The nature of the simian virus 40 promoter upstream from the poliovirus cDNA had no influence on its infectivity. A high specific infectivity was correlated with plasmid replication, dependent on expression of T antigen either encoded by the plasmid or present in host cells (COS-1).
Muscle, Ligament, and Joint-Contact Forces at the Knee during Walking (2005)

Knee-ligament loading during the stance phase of gait is explained by the pattern of anterior shear force applied to the leg. The distribution of force at the tibiofemoral joint is determined by the variation in the external adductor moment applied at the knee. The forces acting at the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints are similar during normal and ACL-deficient gait. Hamstrings facilitation is more effective than quadriceps avoidance in reducing ATT during ACL-deficient gait.
Gate stack preparation with high-k materials in a cluster tool (2002)

Oxide layers of metals such as Zr and Al are possible candidates to replace SiO/sub 2/ as gate dielectric for sub-1 nm EOT (Equivalent Oxide Thickness). We discuss the use of a cluster tool featuring pre-cleaning, surface treatment, metal oxide deposition and electrode deposition modules. Contamination is found to be well within specifications. Throughput is reasonable and we indicate ways how to further improve it. We describe briefly the four modules, and give first process results. An EOT of 0.77 nm measured in a capacitor with a combined Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, and ZrO/sub 2/ layer is presented. We discuss the importance of a cluster tool for this application based on those process results.
Numerical simulation of drain lag in HJFETs with a p-buffer layer (1996)

Summary form only given. We studied the shielding effect of a partially depleted p-type buffer layer against traps for heterojunction FETs (HJFET). We confirmed a trade-off between the shielding and the drain parasitic capacitance. We also found a new frequency dispersion, which occurs in early stages due to the hole distribution setup time in the p-layer.
Phage display and pharmacogenomics (2000)

Surface display of genetic diversity is a technology that can produce specific binding agents for almost any target molecule, and is especially well suited for making agents that bind specific proteins. Until now, pharmacogenomic studies have followed the response of cells to drugs and other agents by tracking the mRNAs that encode the proteins of interest, because it is relatively easy to produce nucleic acid ligands once the gene sequence is known. Nevertheless, in some cases, direct tracking of the proteins is preferred. Phage display of peptides and proteins (especially antibodies) is now able to provide the large number of specific binding agents needed to track proteins in pharmacogenomic studies.
Assessing Candidate Serum Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: A Longitudinal Study (2012)

Because of the growing impact of late onset cognitive loss, considerable effort has been directed toward the development of improved diagnostic techniques for Alzheimer's disease (AD) that may pave the way for earlier (and more effective) therapeutic efforts. Serum-based biomarkers are the least expensive and invasive modality for screening and routine monitoring. We systematically reviewed the literature to assemble a list of serum biomarkers relevant to AD. In parallel, we conducted a proteomic LC-MS/MS analysis of serum collected from neurologically normal subjects and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early AD (n = 6 in all). Complement C3 and alpha-2-macroglobulin were identified from both the literature review and our proteomic screen for further validation. For these two candidates, ELISA was performed on serum collected from a small independent cohort of subjects for longitudinal analysis. Serum was serially collected from neurologically normal subjects (n = 5) and subjects with MCI who were subsequently followed for a period of two years (n = 5) and regrouped into stable MCI and progressive MCI or AD (n = 6). The ability of each marker to predict which subjects with MCI would progress to dementia and which would remain cognitively stable was assessed. Patients with probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy were also identified (n = 3). This preliminary analysis tested the most-promising serum protein biomarkers for AD and we concluded that none are yet ready for use in the clinical diagnosis and management of dementia. However, a more thorough assessment in longitudinal studies with higher statistical power is warranted.
Optimizing Vulnerability-Driven Honey Traffic Using Game Theory (2020)

Enterprises are increasingly concerned about adversaries that slowly and deliberately exploit resources over the course of months or even years. A key step in this kill chain is network reconnaissance, which has historically been active (e.g., network scans) and therefore detectable. However, new networking technology increases the possibility of passive network reconnaissance, which will be largely undetectable by defenders. In this paper, we propose Snaz, a technique that uses deceptively crafted honey traffic to confound the knowledge gained through passive network reconnaissance. We present a two-player non-zero-sum Stackelberg game model that characterizes how a defender should deploy honey traffic in the presence of an adversary who is aware of Snaz. In doing so, we demonstrate the existence of optimal defender strategies that will either dissuade an adversary from acting on the existence of real vulnerabilities observed within network traffic, or reveal the adversary's presence when it attempts to unknowingly attack an intrusion detection node.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveal genes involved in the pathogenicity increase of Streptococcus suis epidemic strains (2022)

<i>Streptococcus suis</i> epidemic strains were responsible for two outbreaks in China and possessed increased pathogenicity which was featured prominently by inducing an excessive inflammatory response at the early phase of infection. To discover the critical genes responsible for the pathogenicity increase of <i>S. suis</i> epidemic strains, the genome-wide transcriptional profiles of epidemic strain SC84 were investigated at the early phase of interaction with BV2 cells. The overall low expression levels of 89K pathogenicity island (PAI) and 129 known virulence genes in the SC84 interaction groups indicated that its pathogenicity increase should be attributed to novel mechanisms. Using highly pathogenic strain P1/7 and intermediately pathogenic strain 89-1591 as controls, 11 pathogenicity increase crucial genes (PICGs) and 38 pathogenicity increase-related genes (PIRGs) were identified in the SC84 incubation groups. The PICGs encoded proteins related to the methionine biosynthesis/uptake pathway and played critical roles in the pathogenicity increase of epidemic strains. A high proportion of PIRGs encoded surface proteins related to host cell adherence and immune escape, which may be conducive to the pathogenicity increase of epidemic strains by rapidly initiating infection. The fact that none of PICGs and PIRGs belonged to epidemic strain-specific gene indicated that the pathogenicity increase of epidemic strain may be determined by the expression level of genes, rather than the presence of them. Our results deepened the understanding on the mechanism of the pathogenicity increase of <i>S. suis</i> epidemic strains and provided novel approaches to control the life-threatening infections of <i>S. suis</i> epidemic strains.
Automatic Categorization of Optimization Problems: An Application of Computer Symbolic Mathematics (1978)

This paper describes a computer program that accepts as input a symbolic mathematical statement of an arbitrary mathematical programming problem, placing the problem into none or at least one of the categories: linear, quadratic, separable, posynomial, signomial, or convex. This categorization program is intended to reveal properties that can be exploited by special-purpose numerical computer programs—properties that might easily be overlooked because of the size of the problem, the complexity of the problem, or the limited knowledge of a novice who wishes to solve an optimization problem. The paper includes a brief demonstration of the program, a discussion of the underlying techniques, and a summary of the performance for some large problems.
First Total Synthesis of Tanzawaic Acid B (2023)

The first total synthesis of (+)-tanzawaic acid B, a natural polyketide bearing a pentadienoic ester and octalin moiety, has been accomplished. The synthetic improvement from previous synthetic conditions facilitated our gram-scale synthesis of the chiral octalin that possesses seven stereogenic centers and that is the core skeleton of almost all of the tanzawaic acid family.
Liquid-Liquid Equilibria in Binary Solvent-Copolymer Solutions from a Perturbed Hard-sphere-chain Equation of State (1995)

The perturbed hard-sphere-chain (PHSC) equation of state for copolymer systems is used to calculate liquid-liquid equilibria for binary solvent/copolymer systems that exhibit simultaneously an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) and a lower critical solution temperature.The PHSC equation of state for copolymer solutions uses those binary parameters that represent liquid-liquid equilibria for the two parent homopolymer solutions.An additional intersegmental parameter is also required to define the interaction energy between a pair of chemically dissimilar segments comprising the copolymer molecule.Theory is compared with experiment for binary copolymer solutions containing poly(styrene-co-a-methylstyrene) random copolymers.Using the same Ksc the intersegmental parameter between styrene and a-methylstyrene segments, theory and experiment show fair agreement for the copolymer-composition dependence of theta temperatures associated with UCST in cyclohexane, methyl cyclohexane, and decalin.A comparison is also made between K'Bc obtained from the copolymer-solution data and that obtained from the coexistence curve of homopolymer blends containing polystyrene and poly(a-methylstyrene).In copolymer solutions, theory requires a Ksc that represents interactions more unfavorable than those in homopolymer blends.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Fluorinated 2‐Benzylimidazolines. (1986)

Abstract 3‐Fluoroanisole (I) is converted into its hydroxy derivative (II), which undergoes methylation and chloromethylation to give (III).
Robust non-linear control applied to internal combustion engine air path using Particle Swarm Optimization (2009)

The goal of this paper is to control intake's manifold pressure of a downsized turbocharged internal combustion gasoline engine. Since intake's manifold pressure is an image of the torque that the engine develops, tracking an appropriated intake's manifold pressure reference implies tracking driver's reference torque. This paper proposes a novel control architecture based on Q-LPV H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">infin</sub> closed loop shaping and a metaheuristic PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm that enables non control-experts to tune the H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">infin</sub> engine controller. Stability margins and most significant singular values plots are computed. Time domain simulations have been performed using a non-linear 1.2 liter gasoline engine model.
Bidirectional AC DC Converter for Regenerative Braking (2012)

In this paper, a bidirectional AC DC converter is analyzed. The converter applies a half bridge thyristor rectifier and a recuperating thyristor bridge instead of a braking resistor. Recuperating mode of the converter is focused in the analysis, and it is shown that the converter exposes two operating modes within the recuperating mode, one characterized by negligible, and the other one characterized by significant distortion of the input voltages. Theoretical results are experimentally verified on a 10 kW converter.
Deciphering the selective androgen receptor modulators paradigm (2012)

Promising results have been obtained in preclinical investigations and initial clinical trials, but long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy studies in patients are still necessary. Preclinically, improving knowledge of tissue selectivity at the molecular level, developing AR selectivity transcription profile, exploring in vitro/in vivo correlation, along with expanding selectivity evaluation among more androgen responsive tissues would accelerate the discovery of a new generation of more selective and safer clinical candidates, minimize false leads and hasten development of effective approaches for an expanded range of clinical conditions.
Context-Aware Beam Tracking for 5G mmWave V2I Communications (2021)

Vehicles’ mobility causes frequent beam misalignments in millimeter wave (mmWave) vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. In 5G systems, beam sweeping is done repeatedly to track a vehicle's mobility and maintain high-quality beam selection. Despite extensive studies on mmWave communications, there are still insufficient discussions on when to trigger beam sweeping for beam tracking. Triggering beam sweeping at an inappropriate time can either incur unnecessary overhead or degrade communication performance due to outdated beam selection. Based on this observation, we explore the problem of making beam-sweeping decisions for 5G mmWave vehicular communications. Considering the regularity in vehicle mobility, we propose a <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</u> ontext- <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</u> ware standa <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</u> d-compati <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</u> le b <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</u> am upd <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</u> te sche <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</u> e ( <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CarBeam</monospace> ) to help the base station determine when to trigger beam sweeping by exploiting the noisy and quantized beam-specific layer-1 reference signal received power feedback from the vehicle. Unlike prior work, <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CarBeam</monospace> only exploits the procedures and signaling supported in the current 5G beam management framework. Moreover, it can adapt its beam-sweeping decisions to vehicles's mobility for efficient beam tracking. The effectiveness of <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CarBeam</monospace> is evaluated and demonstrated using the vehicle traces from the TAPASCologne project.
In Vivo Tomographic Imaging of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes (2002)

Fluorescence imaging is increasingly used to probe protein function and gene expression in live animals. This technology could enhance the study of pathogenesis, drug development, and therapeutic intervention. In this article, we focus on three-dimensional fluorescence observations using fluorescence-mediated molecular tomography (FMT), a novel imaging technique that can resolve molecular function in deep tissues by reconstructing fluorescent probe distributions in vivo. We have compared FMT findings with conventional fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) to study protease function in nude mice with subsurface implanted tumors. This validation of FMT with FRI demonstrated the spatial congruence of fluorochrome activation as determined by the two techniques.
Generation of 1024-Tb/s Nyquist-WDM phase-conjugated twin vector waves by a polarization-insensitive optical parametric amplifier for fiber-nonlinearity-tolerant transmission (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate the generation of 1.024-Tb/s Nyquist-WDM phase-conjugated vector twin waves (PCTWs), consisting of eight 128-Gb/s polarization-division-multiplexed QPSK signals and their idlers, by a broadband polarization-insensitive fiber optic parametric amplifier. This novel all-optical signal processing approach to generate WDM-PCTWs enables a 2-fold reduction in the needed optical transmitters as compared to the conventional approach where each idler is generated by a dedicated transmitter. Digital coherent superposition of the twin waves at the receiver enables more than doubled reach in a dispersion-managed transmission link. We further study the impact of polarization-mode dispersion on the performance gain brought by the phase-conjugated twin waves, showing a gain of ~3.8 dB in signal quality factors.
Co-Administration of Adjuvanted Recombinant Ov-103 and Ov-RAL-2 Vaccines Confer Protection against Natural Challenge in A Bovine Onchocerca ochengi Infection Model of Human Onchocerciasis (2022)

Onchocerciasis (river blindness), caused by the filarial nematode <i>Onchocerca volvulus</i>, is a neglected tropical disease mainly of sub-Saharan Africa. Worldwide, an estimated 20.9 million individuals live with infection and a further 205 million are at risk of disease. Current control methods rely on mass drug administration of ivermectin to kill microfilariae and inhibit female worm fecundity. The identification and development of efficacious vaccines as complementary preventive tools to support ongoing elimination efforts are therefore an important objective of onchocerciasis research. We evaluated the protective effects of co-administering leading <i>O. volvulus</i>-derived recombinant vaccine candidates (<i>Ov</i>-103 and <i>Ov</i>-RAL-2) with subsequent natural exposure to the closely related cattle parasite <i>Onchocerca ochengi</i>. Over a 24-month exposure period, vaccinated calves (<i>n</i> = 11) were shown to acquire infection and microfilaridermia at a significantly lower rate compared to unvaccinated control animals (<i>n</i> = 10). Furthermore, adult female worm burdens were negatively correlated with anti-<i>Ov</i>-103 and <i>Ov</i>-RAL-2 IgG1 and IgG2 responses. Peptide arrays identified several <i>Ov</i>-103 and <i>Ov</i>-RAL-2-specific epitopes homologous to those identified as human B-cell and helper T-cell epitope candidates and by naturally-infected human subjects in previous studies. Overall, this study demonstrates co-administration of <i>Ov</i>-103 and <i>Ov</i>-RAL-2 with Montanide™ ISA 206 VG is highly immunogenic in cattle, conferring partial protection against natural challenge with <i>O. ochengi</i>. The strong, antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2 responses associated with vaccine-induced protection are highly suggestive of a mixed Th1/Th2 associated antibody responses. Collectively, this evidence suggests vaccine formulations for human onchocerciasis should aim to elicit similarly balanced Th1/Th2 immune responses.
The Role of Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum in Čerenkov Radiation (2016)

We show that Čerenkov radiation contains new phenomena arising from the quantum nature of charged fermions. The charge’s orbital angular momentum and spin couple to the emitted photon, which scatters into preferred angles and polarizations.
Crystal structure of yeast Nrd1 CID in complex with Sen1 NIM3 (2019)

The Nrd1-Nab3-Sen1 (NNS) complex carries out the transcription termination of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in yeast, although the detailed interactions among its subunits remain obscure. Here we have identified three sequence motifs in Sen1 that mediate direct interactions with the Pol II CTD interaction domain (CID) of Nrd1, determined the crystal structures of these Nrd1 interaction motifs (NIMs) bound to the CID, and characterized the interactions in vitro and in yeast. Removal of all three NIMs abolishes NNS complex formation and gives rise to ncRNA termination defects.
Stereochemical Studies on 7- and 9-Substitutes 3-Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes (3-ABNs) (1989)

T h e conformations and configurations of some 3-azabicycloC3.3.llnonane(3-ABN) derivatives are discussed employing C-13 nmr spectral data.The monothioketal of 2.4-diphenyl-3-ABN-9-one exists in chair-chair conformation and has the oxygen axial to the piperidine ring.The product of Reformatsky reaction of the same ABN-'-one has the OH a t C-9 to the side of the piperidine ring.The chair-boat conformation is assigned to one of the isomers of 7-methyl-2.4-diphenyl-3-ABN-9-one.The conformations of a few other ABNs are also discussed.Several 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes(3-ABN)l with 2.4-diary1 substituents (1) have been synthesized2r3 and their conformations were studied by a variety of methods4and finally established by Carbon-13 nmr spe~troscopy.~The configurations of the epimeric 9-hydroxy-3-ABNs have been realized by the gamma-gauche ofthe 9-substituents on the C(2.4) and C(6,8) atoms.We report in this paper the synthesis of a few new 3-ABNs and their stereochemistry by the application of C-13 nmr spectral data (Table 1).
Optimal regressions to estimate aerosol parameters by data of two- and three-wavelength laser sounding (2002)

A problem on introduction of additional a prior assumptions to construct a closed set of lidar equations at several wavelengths and on their solutions to estimate microphysical parameters of atmospheric aerosols by multi-frequency laser sounding data is discussed. Some regression relations between spectral values of aerosol backscatter and extinction coefficients in the visible and near-IR are used as the assumptions. The regressions are constructed by model considerations. The optical atmospheric aerosol model of the World Meterological Organization is taken as a basic one. The constructed regressions enable one to evaluate the solvability of, generally, ill-conditioned lidar equations and the errors in the solutions as well as to make some estimations with respect to the determination of aerosol microstructural parameters. This work has been directed towards the design of procedures and algorithms to process laser sounding data gathered routinely by lidar setups of the Institute of Physics, Belarus National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, Republic of Belarus within the frame of a number of International and National research and development programs.
Fabrication of Diamond-Based 300 and 650 GHz BWOs (2007)

Prototype 300 and 650 GHz versions of a backward wave oscillator (BWO) based on an intricate diamond structure are being assembled for testing this spring. These sub mm wavelength BWOs will be constructed in a format that combines an electron gun, slow wave circuit, output coupler and transmitting antenna as a monolithic diamond structure. The fabrication process is discussed in this paper.
A Generic Multi-Lingual Open Source Platform for Limited- Domain Medical Speech Translation (2005)

We present an overview of MedSLT, an Open Source platform for developing limited-domain medical speech translation systems. We focus in particular on the speech understanding architecture, which uses grammar-based language models derived using corpus-based specialisation methods from a single linguistically motivated grammar, and summarise the results of two evaluations which investigate the appropriateness of these design choices. Other sections describe the interlingua and its relationship with the recognition architecture, and the current demo system.