gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secure Multi-User Transmission Using CoMP Directional Modulation (2015)

Directional Modulation is a recently developed multi-antenna technique for secure transmission. It allows to transmit signals in desired directions while distorting the signal in the other directions. To secure the transmission in a scenario where eavesdropper is in the same direction as legitimate user, a coordinated multipoint scheme is proposed to have a location- specific secure communication that works even when a rich scattering environment is not available. Simulations are presented to verify the proposed scheme using 3 base stations.
Ion Transport Behavior in Polymerized Imidazolium Ionic Liquids (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Amebic liver abscess: diagnosis and treatment evaluation with MR imaging. (1987)

Magnetic resonance images were obtained before and after treatment in 17 patients with 29 amebic liver abscesses. Pretreatment T1-weighted images showed a sharply circumscribed, heterogeneous, low-signal-intensity mass, devoid of normal hepatic tissue and corresponding to the abscess cavity as measured sonographically. T2-weighted images showed the abscess cavity as a hyperintense region and also showed a larger region of hyperintensity extending from the cavity margins to the liver surface, corresponding to edematous but morphologically normal liver tissue. After treatment, the abscess cavity became homogeneously hypointense on T1-weighted images, corresponding to liquefaction of the abscess center. With successful treatment, concentric rings corresponding to (a) an inner margin of inflamed granulation tissue, (b) bands of type I collagen, and (c) the outer margin of atrophic and/or mildly inflamed liver tissue became prominent on T1- and T2-weighted images. T2-weighted images showed rapid resolution of the perifocal hepatic edema.
MBX-500 Is Effective for Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection in Gnotobiotic Piglets (2013)

The novel antibiotic MBX-500, dosed at 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days, was evaluated for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in the gnotobiotic pig model. MBX-500 increased survival at all doses and at high doses improved clinical signs and reduced lesion severity, similar to vancomycin. Our results show that MBX-500 is an effective antibiotic for the treatment of diarrhea associated with CDI and prevents severe systemic disease.
Long‐Lived Luminescent Dendrimers with a [Ru(dpp)3]2+‐Type Core: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties (2009)

Abstract Metallodendrimers built around a [Ru(dpp) 3 ] 2+ ‐type core (dpp = 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline) were prepared containing peripheral phenyl moieties. The convergent synthesis of the ligands was accomplished by coupling dendritic branches with a focal amino function to the chelating phenanthroline precursor under the formation of sulfonamide linkages. Complexation of ruthenium ions afforded the corresponding metallodendrimers with up to 24 peripheral phenyl units in the case of the largest dendritic structure. The absorption spectra and luminescence properties of the four new dendrimers are reported. The dendritic effect is clearly visible, going from zero to second generation, as demonstrated by an elongation in the excited‐state lifetime in aerated acetonitrile and improved emission quantum yields relative to the reference complex containing a [Ru(dpp) 3 ] 2+ core. Interestingly, the use of rigid and conjugated ruthenium‐based cores results, for all dendritic structures, in luminescence lifetimes that are several microseconds long in deaerated solutions, even at room temperature.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Broad Blockade Antibody Responses in Human Volunteers after Immunization with a Multivalent Norovirus VLP Candidate Vaccine: Immunological Analyses from a Phase I Clinical Trial (2015)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Background&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Human noroviruses (NoVs) are the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis and are characterized by antigenic variation between genogroups and genotypes and antigenic drift of strains within the predominant GII.4 genotype. In the context of this diversity, an effective NoV vaccine must elicit broadly protective immunity. We used an antibody (Ab) binding blockade assay to measure the potential cross-strain protection provided by a multivalent NoV virus-like particle (VLP) candidate vaccine in human volunteers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Methods and Findings&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sera from ten human volunteers immunized with a multivalent NoV VLP vaccine (genotypes GI.1/GII.4) were analyzed for IgG and Ab blockade of VLP interaction with carbohydrate ligand, a potential correlate of protective immunity to NoV infection and illness. Immunization resulted in rapid rises in IgG and blockade Ab titers against both vaccine components and additional VLPs representing diverse strains and genotypes not represented in the vaccine. Importantly, vaccination induced blockade Ab to two novel GII.4 strains not in circulation at the time of vaccination or sample collection. GII.4 cross-reactive blockade Ab titers were more potent than responses against non-GII.4 VLPs, suggesting that previous exposure history to this dominant circulating genotype may impact the vaccine Ab response. Further, antigenic cartography indicated that vaccination preferentially activated preexisting Ab responses to epitopes associated with GII.4.1997. Study interpretations may be limited by the relevance of the surrogate neutralization assay and the number of immunized participants evaluated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vaccination with a multivalent NoV VLP vaccine induces a broadly blocking Ab response to multiple epitopes within vaccine and non-vaccine NoV strains and to novel antigenic variants not yet circulating at the time of vaccination. These data reveal new information about complex NoV immune responses to both natural exposure and to vaccination, and support the potential feasibility of an efficacious multivalent NoV VLP vaccine for future use in human populations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Trial Registration&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;ClinicalTrials.gov &lt;a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01168401" target="_blank"&gt;NCT01168401&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Twisted Surface Plasmons with Spin‐Controlled Gold Surfaces (2019)

Abstract Twisted photon, associated with orbital angular momentum (OAM), is a physical notion that has long captivated the intriguing imagination and wide applications. Owing to the native orthogonality between different topological charges of the vortices, it will be of significant value to generate, access, and discriminate the vortex on integrated chips. Archimedean spirals or multiple split gratings are commonly employed to generate OAMs on plasmonic films. However, the single‐crystalline plasmonic surface sets a very stringent condition of probing the on‐chip OAM dynamics at sub‐femtosecond scale. In previous reports, spins of the incident light and actual topological charge of the on‐chip OAM generator are also hybridized due to the intrinsic spin‐to‐orbital angular momentum conversion, making the direct discrimination of plasmonic vortex impossible. Here, a paradigm of generating twisted surface plasmons is presented in a fully spin‐controlled fashion. With the two‐photon photoemission electron microscopy, the dynamics of OAM formation is demonstrated at subwavelength spatial resolution and sub‐femtosecond temporal resolution simultaneously, revealing its OAM‐dependent angular velocity. In addition, this scheme of twisting on‐chip plasmons shows that the challenging crystalline requirement of the thin film can be significantly alleviated. The results open up a distinct way to multiplex, record, and read the information with plasmons.
DDS promotes longevity through a microbiome-mediated starvation signal (2019)

The antibiotic diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) is used in combination with other antibiotics as a first line treatment for leprosy. DDS has been previously reported to extend lifespan in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> through inhibition of pyruvate kinase and decreased mitochondrial function. Here we report an alternative mechanism of action by which DDS promotes longevity in <i>C. elegans</i> by reducing folate production by the microbiome. This results in altered methionine cycle metabolite levels mimicking the effects of metformin and lifespan extension that is dependent on the starvation- and hypoxia-induced flavin containing monoxygenase, FMO-2.
Pharmacokinetics and safety/efficacy of levodopa pro-drug ONO-2160/carbidopa for Parkinson's disease (2018)

We conducted a phase I study investigating the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ONO-2160, a newly developed levodopa pro-drug, and carbidopa compared with levodopa and carbidopa to stabilize levodopa plasma concentration fluctuations in Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease. In an open-label two-period design, patients (<i>n</i> = 12) with Parkinson's disease received levodopa and carbidopa for 3 days before 7 days of treatment with ONO-2160 and carbidopa. Patients were primarily evaluated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III, a Parkinson's disease symptom diary, and analysis of adverse events. Pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma levodopa concentration was also performed. ONO-2160 and carbidopa therapy stabilized effective plasma levodopa concentration. No adverse events with safety concerns were observed. The combination of ONO-2160 and carbidopa produced a prolonged and stable plasma levodopa concentration with a reduction in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III total scores. The combination was well tolerated, with no safety concerns, when administered to Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease.
Correction: Single and dual metal atom catalysts for enhanced singlet oxygen generation and oxygen reduction reaction (2023)

Correction for ‘Single and dual metal atom catalysts for enhanced singlet oxygen generation and oxygen reduction reaction’ by Mohsen Tamtaji et al. , J. Mater. Chem. A , 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA08240C.
Human leukocyte antigens and natural selection by malaria (1994)

The extraordinary polymorphism of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) poses a question as to how this remarkable diversity arose and is maintained. The explanation that infectious pathogens are largely responsible is theoretically attractive but clear and consistent associations between HLA alleles and major infectious diseases have rarely been identified. Large case-control studies of HLA types in African children with severe malaria indicate that HLA associations with this parasitic infection do exist and it is becoming possible to investigate the underlying mechanisms by identification of peptide epitopes in parasite antigens. Such analysis reveals how the magnitude and detectability of HLA associations may be influenced by numerous genetic and environmental factors. These complex interactions will give rise to variation over time and space in the selective pressures exerted by infectious diseases and this fluctuation may, in itself, contribute to the maintenance of HLA polymorphism.
Fast multiprocessor realizations of digital filters (2005)

This paper presents a method for finding efficient multiprocessor realizations of digital filters. It provides a framework for studying the tradeoffs between the sampling rate and the number of arithmetic units or processors. A simple method for determining the minimal sampling period as a function of addition and multiplication times is introduced. Also the effect of delays in data transfers on the sampling period can be analyzed for different hard-ware configurations. Some examples are presented to show the use of the method in obtaining efficient multiprocessor realizations.
Hydrophobic interactions between polymer surfaces: using polystyrene as a model system (2012)

The hydrophobic interaction plays a critical role in a wide range of molecular phenomena in numerous biological and engineering systems. Using a Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA) coupled with a top-view optical microscope, we have directly measured and visualized the interactions between two polystyrene surfaces in different electrolyte solutions (i.e., NaCl, CaCl2, HCl and CH3COOH). It is evident that the long-range hydrophobic interaction measured is due to bridging of microscopic and sub-microscopic bubbles on polystyrene surfaces. The range of the hydrophobic interaction decreases with increasing the electrolyte concentration for NaCl and CaCl2, but shows no significant change for HCl and CH3COOH, which is related to the formation and stability of bubbles on hydrophobic surfaces due to the ion specificity. The range of the hydrophobic interactions was reduced to about 10–20 nm by degassing the aqueous solutions, but gradually recovered when re-exposing the degassed solution to air. Our results indicate that dissolved gasses in solutions play a crucial role in the hydrophobic interactions of polymer surfaces, and support a three-regime hydrophobic interaction model proposed. More interesting, spontaneous cavitation of water between two interacting polystyrene surfaces was directly observed in degassed aqueous solution at a separation of ≤20 nm. The interfacial energy of polystyrene in various aqueous solutions was determined to be γ = 42 ± 5 mJ m−2, close to the values measured in air. Interesting fracture patterns were also observed associated with the separation of two hydrophobic polymer surfaces in aqueous solutions, but not in air, indicating that hydrophobic force plays an important role in adhesion-induced fracture of polymer surfaces and thin films. Our study provides new insight into the basic hydrophobic interaction mechanism of polymers and biomacromolecules.
1H,13C and199Hg NMR Studies of the Complexation of HgCl2by Imidazolidine-2-Thione and its Derivatives (1990)

Abstract Mercury(II) complexes of imidazolidine-2-thione and its derivatives have been synthesized and their 1H, 13C and 199Hg NMR spectra measured. HgCl2 forms L2HgCl2 type complexes (where L = imidazolidine-2-thione and its derivatives). The NH group of the ligand is shifted downfield by about +1.37 ppm in the 1H NMR after complexation. The C-2 carbon in the 13C NMR is shifted by—6.50 ppm for mono N-substituted ligands, but by—5.30 ppm for N,N''-disubstituted ligands. The 199Hg NMR resonance is shifted by about—60 ppm for N-substituted ligands, but—140 ppm shifts were observed for N',N'-disubstituted ligands.
Microwave back-projection radar for wide-area surveillance system (2004)

Microwave back-projection radar techniques using transmitting and receiving array antennas have been developed for wide-area surveillance. This radar system contains two leaky coaxial cables as an antenna array, one for transmitting and one for receiving. The radar detects a trespasser by measuring the EM field level, which fluctuates when a trespasser approaches the area near the antennas, and passes through the surveillance area. In this research, we succeeded in specifying a trespass point by using the spread spectrum technique. Results from a field test proved that the detection algorithm could detect the motion of a trespasser without experiencing interference from shaking trees or rainfall.
Effects of Si-doping in the barriers on the recombination dynamics in In0.15Ga0.85N/In0.015Ga0.985N quantum wells (2001)

A systematic study of time-resolved photoluminescence spectra from In0.15Ga0.85N/In0.015Ga0.985N quantum wells (QWs) with different Si-doping concentration in the barriers has been carried out. The 10 K recombination lifetimes in the QWs depend strongly on the Si-doping in the barriers, decreasing from ∼80 to ∼20 ns as the Si-doping level increases from 2×1018 to 1×1019 cm−3. The separation between the spontaneous and stimulated emission (SE) peaks and a shift of the emission peak to longer wavelengths with delay time after a pulsed excitation decrease with increasing Si doping. The increased recombination rate, the decrease of peak shift with delay time, and the reduced separation between the spontaneous and SE peaks with increasing Si doping are attributed to the screening of piezoelectric field by carriers originated from Si-doped barriers.
Gocc: A configuration compiler for self-adaptive systems using goal-oriented requirements description (2011)

Self-adaptive systems have recently attracted attention because of their ability to cope with changing environments, including system intrusions or faults. Such software must modify itself to better fit its environment, and one of the approaches by which we expect this capability to be achieved is the introduction of multiple control loops to assess the situation and to determine whether a change in behaviors or configurations is necessary and how to implement the change. Development of such systems with multiple control loops complicates the task of identifying components, and could be greatly aided by appropriate tool support. In this paper, we propose an architectural compiler for self-adaptive systems, which generates architectural configurations from the goal-oriented requirements descriptions. We also present a framework for generating such configurations with this compiler and a pattern in the requirements description. We evaluate the framework experimentally and show that it helps to generate suitable configurations that have high performance, and that the compiler scales well to large input models.
Digital signal processing in 112-Gb/s polarization-multiplexed 16-QAM coherent optical receiver (2011)

In this paper, we discuss digital signal processing methods and its impacts in 112-Gb/s polarization-division-multiplexed 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (PDM 16-QAM) coherent optical receiver. Impacts of in-phase/quadrature-mismatch (IQ-mismatch) in the receiver are investigated and the IQ-mismatch compensation by digital signal processing is examined. We also analyze a 16-QAM optical signal generated by applying four-level electrical signals to single in-phase/ quadrature (IQ)-modulator.
Metal Vinylidenes as Catalytic Species in Organic Reactions (2008)

Organic vinylidene species have found limited use in organic synthesis owing to their inaccessibility. In contrast, metal vinylidenes are much more stable and may be readily accessed through transition-metal activation of terminal alkynes. These electrophilic species may be trapped by a number of nucleophiles. Additionally, metal vinylidenes can participate in pericyclic reactions and processes that involve migration of a metal ligand to the vinylidene species. This Focus Review addresses the reactions and applications of metal vinylidenes in organic synthesis.
Optimized burst truncation in fast-convolution filter bank based waveform generation (2015)

In this paper we investigate the time-frequency localization tradeoffs in practical implementation of filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) waveforms in short burst transmission. Frequency localization is considered as an important characteristic for future wireless communication systems, including 5G, but it comes with the cost of not-so-good time localization. This appears in the form of relatively long `tails' of the generated transmission burst. Truncation of the burst tails is an obvious choice for reducing the time-overheads in short burst based multiple access or duplexing schemes, but it introduces transients in the inband interference and out-of-band radiation characteristics. We study the burst truncation effects while utilizing a flexible FBMC waveform generation scheme based on fast-convolution processing. Also a novel method to optimize the used symbol waveform taking into account the truncation effects is developed.
Aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with trans-resveratrol in aqueous solution (2023)

Abstract In the framework of a protein–ligand-fishing strategy to identify proteins that bind to trans- resveratrol, a natural phenolic compound with pharmacological benefits, we have developed magnetic nanoparticles covalently linked to trans -resveratrol through three different derivatives and examined their aggregation behavior in aqueous solution. The monodispersed magnetic core (18 nm diameter) with its mesoporous silica shell (93 nm diameter) exhibited a notable superparamagnetic behavior useful for magnetic bioseparation. The hydrodynamic diameter, deduced from dynamic light scattering analysis, of the nanoparticle increased from 100 to 800 nm when the aqueous buffer changed from pH 10.0–3.0. A size polydispersion occurred from pH 7.0–3.0. In parallel, the value of the extinction cross section increased according to a negative power law of the UV wavelength. This was mainly due to light scattering by mesoporous silica, whereas the absorbance cross section remained very low in the 230–400 nm domain. The three types of resveratrol-grafted magnetic nanoparticles exhibited similar scattering properties, but their absorbance spectrum was consistent with the presence of trans -resveratrol. Their functionalization increased their negative zeta potential when pH increased from 3.0 to 10.0. The mesoporous nanoparticles were monodispersed in alkaline conditions, where their anionic surface strongly repulsed each other but aggregated progressively under van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding when negative zeta potential decreased. The characterized results of nanoparticle behavior in aqueous solution provide critical insight for further study of nanoparticles with proteins in biological environment.
A compact and low-loss silicon waveguide crossing for O-band optical interconnect (2014)

Silicon photonics has attracted extensive attention in recent years as a promising solution for next generation high-speed, low energy consumption, and low cost data transmission systems. Although a few experiments indicated board-level and long haul communication capability, major and near-future application of silicon photonics is commonly seen as Ethernet at 100Gb/s and beyond, such as interconnects in data centers, where O-Band (near 1310 nm wavelength) has been standardized for its low fiber dispersion. However, almost all silicon photonics devices demonstrated up to date operate at C-Band (1530 nm to 1560 nm), the fiber loss and erbium amplification window, probably due to the wider availability of lasers and testing apparatus at this wavelength. Typical C-Band devices cannot operate at O-Band, thus the whole device library needs to be redesigned and recalibrated for O-Band applications. In this paper, we present an ultra compact, low loss, and low crosstalk waveguide crossing operating at O-Band. It is designed using the finite difference time domain method coupled with a particle swarm optimization. Device footprint is only 6 &mu;m &times; 6 &mu;m. The measured insertion loss is 0.19&plusmn;0.02 dB across an 8-inch wafer. Cross talk is lower than -35 dB. We also report a second waveguide crossing with a 9 &mu;m &times; 9 &mu;m footprint with 0.017&plusmn;0.005 dB insertion loss. Finally we summarize the performance of our overall O-Band device library, including low-loss waveguides, high-speed modulators, and photodetectors.