gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of auranofin against multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens (2016)

Traditional methods employed to discover new antibiotics are both a time-consuming and financially-taxing venture. This has led researchers to mine existing libraries of clinical molecules in order to repurpose old drugs for new applications (as antimicrobials). Such an effort led to the discovery of auranofin, a drug initially approved as an anti-rheumatic agent, which also possesses potent antibacterial activity in a clinically achievable range. The present study demonstrates auranofin's antibacterial activity is a complex process that involves inhibition of multiple biosynthetic pathways including cell wall, DNA, and bacterial protein synthesis. We also confirmed that the lack of activity of auranofin observed against Gram-negative bacteria is due to the permeability barrier conferred by the outer membrane. Auranofin's ability to suppress bacterial protein synthesis leads to significant reduction in the production of key methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) toxins. Additionally, auranofin is capable of eradicating intracellular MRSA present inside infected macrophage cells. Furthermore, auranofin is efficacious in a mouse model of MRSA systemic infection and significantly reduces the bacterial load in murine organs including the spleen and liver. Collectively, this study provides valuable evidence that auranofin has significant promise to be repurposed as a novel antibacterial for treatment of invasive bacterial infections.
Prognostic relevance of capsular involvement and collecting system invasion in stage I and II renal cell carcinoma (2007)

These findings suggest that capsular involvement and collecting-system invasion are poor prognostic findings in stage I and II RCC. They should both be considered when planning the follow-up. A revised pT3a stage including patients with capsular involvement could improve its prognostic validity.
Improved Deproteciton Procedure for DPSE Protected Phosphorothioates (1998)

Abstract Deprotection of 2-(diphenylmethylsilyl)ethyl (DPSE) protected (O,O,O)-and (O,O,S)-trialkyl phosphorothioates with tetrabutylammonium fluoride affords the corresponding phosphorothioate. Formation of phosphodiester linkages is not observed.
Control of Diastereoselectivity by Solvent Effects in the Addition of Grignard Reagents to Enantiopure t-Butylsulfinimine:  Syntheses of the Stereoisomers of the Hydroxyl Derivatives of Sibutramine (2005)

[reaction: see text] An efficient method has been developed to prepare all four isomers of the hydroxyl derivatives of sibutramine by addition of Grignard reagents (R)- or (S)-5 to a single enantiomer of sulfinyl imine (R)-1 simply by tuning the reaction solvent. The phenomenon of the reversed diastereoselectivity in CH(2)Cl(2) and THF implied that the reaction may proceed through a chelated cyclic transition state in CH(2)Cl(2) and nonchelated acyclic transition state in THF.
Performance Characteristics of the COBAS Amplicor Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Monitor, Version 2.0, International Unit Assay and the National Genetics Institute HCV Superquant Assay (2002)

The COBAS Amplicor Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Monitor assay, version 2.0, which reports in international units per milliliter, was compared to the assay reported in copies per milliliter by analyzing dilution series and clinical plasma samples by both methods. In addition, the Amplicor international unit assay was compared to the National Genetics Institute HCV Superquant assay. The dilution series ranged from <100 to 5,000,000 HCV RNA copies/ml and consisted of 32 points, assayed in triplicate in each assay. Thirty clinical samples ranging from 1,000 to 1,000,000 HCV RNA copies/ml were assayed in duplicate. Deming regression analysis comparing the Amplicor HCV RNA international units-per-milliliter and copies-per-milliliter assays was calculated as follows: (Amplicor international units per milliliter) = 1.030(Amplicor copies per milliliter) - 0.392; R(2) = 0.981; n = 28; S(y/x) (standard error of the estimate) = 0.129. The linearity of the Amplicor international units-per-milliliter assay was as follows: observed = 0.886(expected) + 0.437; R(2) = 0.983; n = 30. The linearity of the Superquant assay was as follows: observed= 0.918 (expected) + 0.436; R(2) = 0.986; n = 32. Deming regression analysis comparing the Amplicor and Superquant assays was calculated as follows: Superquant = 1.066(Amplicor) - 0.0197; R(2) = 0.908; S(y/x) = 0.308; n = 28. The Amplicor and Superquant assays were linear through the range of 600 to 600,000 IU of HCV RNA/ml and approximately 300 to 5,000,000 HCV RNA copies/ml, respectively. The narrow range of the Amplicor assay means that some samples will require dilution and retesting for accurate quantification above 600,000 IU of HCV RNA/ml. The Amplicor and Superquant assays agreed well within the range of 600 to 600,000 IU of HCV RNA/ml (approximately 1,000 to approximately 1,000,000 HCV RNA copies/ml). Overall, the Amplicor and Superquant assays agree well, and results obtained in one assay could be expected to compare well with results from the other when reported in copies per milliliter.
A high quality, fast inverse halftoning algorithm for error diffused halftones (2002)

We present an inverse halftoning algorithm for error diffused halftones. At each pixel, the algorithm applies a separable 7/spl times/7 FIR filter parameterized by the computed local horizontal and vertical gradients. All operations are entirely local; only 7 rows of image storage and fewer than 300 operations per pixel are required. The algorithm can be easily implemented in embedded software or hardware. We compare our algorithm with previously reported approaches, and show that it delivers comparable PSNR and subjective quality at a fraction of the computation and memory requirements. A C implementation of the algorithm is available.
Materials evaluation of antireflective coatings for single-layer 193-nm lithography (1994)

A survey of optical constants for a variety of materials measured at 193 nm suggests that antireflection measures will be necessary for single-layer resist lithography at 193 nm. The extent to which standing waves occur in 193- nm resists is similar in magnitude to those occurring at 248 nm. To help reduce these effects, a new spin-on antireflective layer has been developed. It is composed of a polymeric dye in a phase-compatible blend with a transparent base polymer, can be thermally cured to render it insoluble, and is compatible with chemically amplified resists. In addition to this spin-on material, extension of existing 248-nm dry-deposited antireflective layers to 193 nm should allow for either spin-on or dry-deposited antireflection coatings for 193-nm lithography.
Inactivation of the gene encoding zinc-binding lipoprotein 103 impairs the infectivity of Streptococcus suis. (2012)

The Streptococcus suis 103 gene product is an immunogenic and protective lipoprotein that is a component of an ATP-binding cassette transporter implicated in zinc uptake. Belonging to the same transcriptional unit and downstream of the 103 gene is a gene that encodes a homologue of the pneumococcal histidine triad (Pht) protein Pht309. In an intraperitoneal mouse model the virulence of a mutant lacking the 103 gene was more than 50 times lower than that of the wild-type (WT) parent strain, S. suis serotype 2 strain P1/7. In addition, the immunogenicity of this mutant was dramatically decreased. In striking contrast, the virulence and immunogenicity of a P1/7 mutant lacking the Pht309 gene were similar to those of the parent strain. These results demonstrate that the 103 lipoprotein is strongly involved in S. suis virulence and support the hypothesis that this lipoprotein might be an excellent candidate for vaccines aiming to achieve broad protection against streptococci.
060 Women’s Perspectives on Aging and Menopause and Symptom Treatment (2019)

Women’s perspectives on their own aging are largely unknown. To assess women’s perspectives on aging and menopause and how they manage their symptoms. A survey was sent to 8561 US women (35 to 80 years); those 35-44 years old also had to currently be experiencing ≥1 symptom of aging/menopause. Questions focused on health, aging experience and journey, management and treatments. Results were analyzed by age groups (35-44, 45-54, 55-64, and 65+). A total of 5001 women responded to the survey (response rate 58%). Women were primarily white (77%), Hispanic (12%) or African-American (11%). Most women were married/cohabitating (63%) for a mean of 25 years, and younger, single women were more likely to be in or open to a relationship than older women. Women described themselves as being in postmenopause (49%), menopause (10%), peri-menopause (15%), not yet experienced menopause (15%), or unsure (9%). Most women reported being in peri-menopause at 40-49 and postmenopause at age 55+, and viewed menopause as a natural part of life (62%). Attitudes toward aging/menopause in general improved with age for both women and their partners. While 50% of older women (65+) thought menopause was relatively easy to manage, only 22% of younger women (35-44) felt that way. Younger women (35-44) had greater negative relationships with menopause (42%) and aging (59%) than older (65+) women (each 28%). Overall, 59% of women reported a positive reaction to their age-associated changes from their spouse/partner; however, 25% of these women felt their spouse/partner was unaware of what was truly happening. Conversely, 21% felt their spouse/partner had a negative reaction; with younger (35-44; 29%) vs older (65+; 13%) women reporting a higher percentage of negative reactions. Women reported currently experiencing a wide range of age-associated symptoms, most commonly gray hair (83%), wrinkles (59%), weight gain (53%), anxiety/depression/mood swings (53%), fatigue (48%), and insomnia (44%). Younger women (35-54) experienced more anxiety/depression/mood swings (62-67%) than women 55+ years (37-48%). Hot flashes/night sweats were highest in women 45-54 (51%) and declined to 39% in those 55-64; vaginal dryness was reported by 26%-34% across all age groups and discomfort/pain during sex by ∼20% for each age group except in those 65+ (15%). Symptoms most attributed to menopause were hot flashes/night sweats, vaginal symptoms (dryness, pain during sex), low libido, changes in period heaviness/frequency, irritability/mood swings, facial hair growth, and insomnia. Women felt that weight gain, fatigue, and insomnia impacted them the most. Only a third of women (30%-38%) have acted to manage their vasomotor or vaginal symptoms, and of those only 28%-32% have used hormone therapy. While 67% of women each experienced vasomotor or sexual symptoms, only 26%-31% have discussed them with their healthcare providers (HCPs). Low libido and decreased self-esteem were particularly unlikely to be discussed with HCPs.
Modeling Oxidation Kinetics of SiC ‐Containing Refractory Diborides (2011)

Experimental data on the oxidation kinetics of SiC ‐containing diborides of Zr and Hf in the temperature regime of 1473–2273 K are interpreted using a mechanistic model. The model encompasses counter‐current gas diffusion in the internal SiC depleted zone, oxygen permeation through borosilicate glass channels in the oxide scale, and boundary layer evaporation at the surface. The model uses available viscosity, thermodynamic and kinetic data for boria, silica, and borosilicate glasses, and a logarithmic mean approximation for compositional variations. The internal depletion region of SiC is modeled with CO/CO 2 counter diffusion as the oxygen transport mechanism. Data reported for pure SiC in air/oxygen, for ZrB 2 containing varying volume fractions of SiC , and for SiC–HfB 2 ultra‐high temperature ceramics ( UHTC s) by different investigations were compared with quantitative predictions of the model. The model is found to provide good correspondence with laboratory‐furnace‐based experimental data for weight gain, scale thicknesses, and depletion layer thicknesses. Experimental data obtained from arc‐jet tests at high enthalpies are found to fall well outside the model predictions, whereas lower enthalpy data were closer to model predictions, suggesting a transition in mechanism in the arc‐jet environment.
The evolutionary history of 2,658 cancers (2020)

Cancer develops through a process of somatic evolution<sup>1,2</sup>. Sequencing data from a single biopsy represent a snapshot of this process that can reveal the timing of specific genomic aberrations and the changing influence of mutational processes<sup>3</sup>. Here, by whole-genome sequencing analysis of 2,658 cancers as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)<sup>4</sup>, we reconstruct the life history and evolution of mutational processes and driver mutation sequences of 38 types of cancer. Early oncogenesis is characterized by mutations in a constrained set of driver genes, and specific copy number gains, such as trisomy 7 in glioblastoma and isochromosome 17q in medulloblastoma. The mutational spectrum changes significantly throughout tumour evolution in 40% of samples. A nearly fourfold diversification of driver genes and increased genomic instability are features of later stages. Copy number alterations often occur in mitotic crises, and lead to simultaneous gains of chromosomal segments. Timing analyses suggest that driver mutations often precede diagnosis by many years, if not decades. Together, these results determine the evolutionary trajectories of cancer, and highlight opportunities for early cancer detection.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning in cancer imaging (2022)

An increasing array of tools is being developed using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for cancer imaging. The development of an optimal tool requires multidisciplinary engagement to ensure that the appropriate use case is met, as well as to undertake robust development and testing prior to its adoption into healthcare systems. This multidisciplinary review highlights key developments in the field. We discuss the challenges and opportunities of AI and ML in cancer imaging; considerations for the development of algorithms into tools that can be widely used and disseminated; and the development of the ecosystem needed to promote growth of AI and ML in cancer imaging.
Studies Dealing with Thionim Ion Promoted Mannich Cyclization Reactions. %Page 238. The transformation of structures 29/30 to 31/32 in Scheme 9 was incorrectly drawn. This scheme should be modified as indicated below. We thank Professor Stephen Martin, University of Texas, for pointing this out to us. 06/20/2003 (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionStudies Dealing with Thionim Ion Promoted Mannich Cyclization Reactions. %Page 238. The transformation of structures 29/30 to 31/32 in Scheme 9 was incorrectly drawn. This scheme should be modified as indicated below. We thank Professor Stephen Martin, University of Texas, for pointing this out to us. 06/20/2003Albert Padwa and Alex G. WatersonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 15, 6070Publication Date (Web):June 20, 2003Publication History Published online20 June 2003Published inissue 1 July 2003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo0399293Copyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (19 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recent Advances in Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Slow Light (2006)

We will discuss progress in achieving long, low-distortion and wide-bandwidth pulse delay via stimulated Brillouin scattering slow light. The technique works at telecommunication wavelength and uses off-the-shelf components.
General measures for signal-noise separation in nonlinear dynamical systems - art. no. 011107 (2001)

We propose the phi divergences from statistics and information theory (IT) as a set of separation indices between signal and noise in stochastic nonlinear dynamical systems (SNDS). The phi divergences provide a more informative alternative to the signal-t
70 - mm -long periodically poled Mg-doped stoichiometric LiNbO3 devices for nanosecond optical parametric generation (2006)

A low-threshold, nanosecond, optical parametric generator (OPG) was produced by using a 70-mm-long, periodically poled, Mg-doped, stoichiometric LiNbO3 (PPMgSLN). The periodically poled structure was obtained by applying an electric field of 1.8kV∕mm, which is lower than the coercive field of 3.9kV∕mm. The PPMgSLN OPG pumped with a 6ns, 6.8kHz, Nd:YAG microchip laser had a generation threshold of 12MW∕cm2 and a slope efficiency of 37% of signal at 1.61μm.
A noninvasive multi-analyte diagnostic assay: combining protein and DNA markers to stratify bladder cancer patients (2012)

The multi-analyte diagnostic readout assay described here is the first to combine protein and DNA biomarkers into one assay for optimal clinical performance. Using this approach, the detection of FGFR3 mutations and Twist1 and Nid2 methylation in the urine of patients undergoing bladder cancer recurrence screening increase the sensitivity and negative predictive value at an established MMP protein cutoff. This noninvasive urinary diagnostic assay could lead to the more efficient triage of patients undergoing recurrence monitoring.
Bipolar Switched Reluctance Machines: A Novel Solution for Automotive Applications (2005)

Current vehicle architectures utilize belt driven components such as the coolant pump, air-conditioner, power steering pump, etc. However, the trend toward more electric vehicles requires electromechanical energy conversion devices to replace these inefficient mechanical components. It is essential that electrical machines used in automotive applications to be compatible with the corresponding mechanical and electrical terminals. Furthermore, replacement of belt driven components with electrical drives should be performed as efficient and cost effective as possible. Bipolar switched reluctance machines (SRM) are both cost effective and very robust to the effects of temperature variation. They also offer a very wide speed range and an excellent mechanical integrity, which optimally suits a range of automotive applications including electric propulsion. This paper presents a detailed investigation of the performance indices for bipolar SRM drives. Using a Maxwell stress method, variations of radial and tangential force components due to saliency of the machine and saturation have been studied. Access to distribution of the force components acting on the rotor and stator enables us to provide a more accurate picture of the torque generation and vibration in this family of electric machines. Furthermore, distribution of magnetic forces under multiphase excitation has been studied in detail. Our findings show that bipolar excitation of SRM phases, resulting in a short flux path magnetic circuit, favors its efficiency and power quality while generating higher torque with less pulsation. This is a significant improvement, particularly for automotive applications where the difference in the required number of power electronics components can be justified. An experimental, 2-kW, 42-V, 8/6 SRM drive which has been designed and manufactured in our energy system laboratory was targeted for this study. In addition to our extensive finite-element (FE) analysis, experimental results have been provided to prove theoretical claims.
Efficient Deployment of UAVs for Maximum Wireless Coverage Using Genetic Algorithm (2018)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are now widely used as backup base stations for the areas which lack of wire-less/cellular access. Since UAV does not depend on fundamental infrastructure, it plays an important role in emergency response and search & rescue. In the prior studies of the UAV-aided wireless coverage extension problem, it typically considers an outdoor scenario with Air-to-Ground path loss model. In this paper, we specify the problem with the use case of UAV-aided emergency rescue. In the new problem formulation, both indoor and outdoor path loss models are considered and the goal is to find an efficient deployment of minimum number of UAVs that guarantees the connection requirements. To solve this problem, we propose a heuristic approach which contains genetic based algorithm to arrange UAVs. During evaluation, our approach is compared with the brute-force search on randomly simulated emergencies. The results show that our approach could find efficient solution with much lower computation.
The Dielectric Properties of Native Starch Solutions—a Research Note (1996)

The dielectric properties of four native starch solutions, both gelatinized and ungelatinized with concentrations from 5 to 30% over the temperature range from 3°C to 95°C, were measured by a cavity perturbation technique at 175 GHz. The dielectric properties of the starch types did not differ from each other; the most important factor affecting the dielectric properties was the water content. Both the real permittivity (ε’) and the loss factor (ε”) decreased with increasing temperature and increasing starch concentration. The differences between gelatinized and non gelatinized samples were small, the ε’” of non gelatinized starch being 2–3% higher and the ε up to 5% lower than gelatinized starch.
Energy harvesting with low-power electronics (2010)

In this paper, a novel concept of energy harvesting, applicable to both wired and wireless self-powered low-power electronic devices, is discussed. Types of energy harvesting include solar/optical, thermal, IR, and mechanical. Overall power budgets and control circuitry are discussed, including maximizing Mean Time between Battery Replacement/Recharge values. It is shown that in the case of low-power wireless electronics, surprisingly low amounts of daily direct solar exposure are sufficient to satisfy overall system power consumption.
Complement factor I deficiency associated with recurrent infections, vasculitis and immune complex glomerulonephritis (2005)

Here we report complement factor I deficiency in an 11-y-old girl from a consanguineous Turkish family, who presented with recurrent pyogenic infections, vasculitic eruptions and immune complex glomerulonephritis. A moderately low C3 level together with the clinical picture suggested a deficiency affecting regulation of complement activation. Analysis of haemolytic activity revealed absence of alternative pathway activity and subsequent analysis showed no detectable factor I (<2%) together with a low level of factor B and a moderately low level of factor H, indicating consumption secondary to the factor I deficiency. Factor I inhibits complement activation beyond C3 by cleavage of C3b in the presence of cofactors. Complement factor I deficiency is frequently associated with recurrent pyogenic infections mainly affecting the upper and lower respiratory tract, or presenting as meningitis or septicaemia, while rheumatic disorders have not been a prominent feature. The patient's sister also suffered from recurrent pyogenic infections and had a low C3 level clearly suggesting the same deficiency.