gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Jet fragmentation transverse momentum distributions in pp and p-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$, $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV (2021)

A bstract Jet fragmentation transverse momentum ( j T ) distributions are measured in proton-proton (pp) and proton-lead (p-Pb) collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi>NN</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 5 . 02 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC. Jets are reconstructed with the ALICE tracking detectors and electromagnetic calorimeter using the anti- k T algorithm with resolution parameter R = 0 . 4 in the pseudorapidity range |η| &lt; 0 . 25. The j T values are calculated for charged particles inside a fixed cone with a radius R = 0 . 4 around the reconstructed jet axis. The measured j T distributions are compared with a variety of parton-shower models. Herwig and P ythia 8 based models describe the data well for the higher j T region, while they underestimate the lower j T region. The j T distributions are further characterised by fitting them with a function composed of an inverse gamma function for higher j T values (called the “wide component”), related to the perturbative component of the fragmentation process, and with a Gaussian for lower j T values (called the “narrow component”), predominantly connected to the hadronisation process. The width of the Gaussian has only a weak dependence on jet transverse momentum, while that of the inverse gamma function increases with increasing jet transverse momentum. For the narrow component, the measured trends are successfully described by all models except for Herwig. For the wide component, Herwig and PYTHIA 8 based models slightly underestimate the data for the higher jet transverse momentum region. These measurements set constraints on models of jet fragmentation and hadronisation.
Open Tubular Molecular Imprinted Polymer Fabricated in Silica Capillary for the Chiral Recognition of Neutral Enantiomers in Capillary Electrochromatography (2012)

In this study, we have expanded the applicability of the pre-established generalized preparation protocol to MIPs with a neutral template. The (<TEX>$4S,5R$</TEX>hyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone MIP layer was formed inside a pretreated and silanized fused silica capillary, and its chiral separation performance was examined. Optimization of chiral separation was also carried out. This is the very first report of somewhat successful application of the generalized preparation protocol to a MIP with a genuine neutral template.
Homogeneous Nickel Catalysts for the Selective Transfer of a Single Arylthio Group in the Catalytic Hydrothiolation of Alkynes (2006)

A novel homogeneous catalytic system has been developed for the regioselective hydrothiolation of alkynes based on CpNi(NHC)Cl complexes (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene). The designed catalyst was efficient for the selective addition of a single ArS group to an alkyne and was suitable for the synthesis of vinylsulfides, without side reactions leading to bis(arylthio)alkenes. Furthermore, this catalytic system allowed for the S−H bond addition to alkynes to be performed with high regioselectivity (up to 31:1) and in good yields (61−87%). A mechanistic study showed that this reaction involved three steps: (1) a nickel-based substitution of chloride for the ArS group, (2) alkyne insertion into the Ni−S bond, and (3) protonolysis of the Ni−C bond. The intermediate CpNi(NHC)(SAr) complexes were unambiguously characterized by X-ray analysis.
Cu Double Side Plating Technology for High Performance and Reliable Si Power Devices (2019)

In this work, we have developed vertical Si power MOSFETs with high performance and high reliability by using Cu double side plating technology. 20 μ m thick Cu plating layers are formed on both sides of devices with 50 μ m thick Si substrate. In this structure, even though Si substrate is thinner, Safety Operating Area (SOA) is wider and the warpage of chip is smaller thanks to front and back side Cu plating layers.
A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Contention-Based Spectrum Sharing (2021)

The increasing number of wireless devices operating in unlicensed spectrum motivates the development of intelligent adaptive approaches to spectrum access. We consider decentralized contention-based medium access for base stations (BSs) operating on unlicensed shared spectrum, where each BS autonomously decides whether or not to transmit on a given resource. The contention decision attempts to maximize not its own downlink throughput, but rather a network-wide objective. We formulate this problem as a decentralized partially observable Markov decision process with a novel reward structure that provides long term proportional fairness in terms of throughput. We then introduce a two-stage Markov decision process in each time slot that uses information from spectrum sensing and reception quality to make a medium access decision. Finally, we incorporate these features into a distributed reinforcement learning framework for contention-based spectrum access. Our formulation provides decentralized inference, online adaptability and also caters to partial observability of the environment through recurrent Q-learning. Empirically, we find its maximization of the proportional fairness metric to be competitive with a genie-aided adaptive energy detection threshold, while being robust to channel fading and small contention windows.
Effects of Spatial Correlation on MIMO Adaptive Antenna System With Optimum Combining (2007)

In this paper, we investigate the effects of the spatial fading correlation on the performance of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) adaptive antenna system with optimum combining (OC) in the presence of multiple cochannel interferers over a correlated Rayleigh fading channel. Based on the Khatri's distribution functions of quadratic forms in complex Gaussian random matrices, we develop a unified determinant representation of those joint eigenvalue distributions. Taking into account the spatial correlation among the antenna elements at the transmitter or receiver, we derive the closed-form formulas for the probability density function and outage probability of the maximum output signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) in an interference-limited MIMO-OC system. Furthermore, the average output SIR and error probability are also investigated. From numerical examples, we show that a new theoretical approach gives a simple and accurate way to assess the performance of the MIMO-OC system over arbitrarily correlated fading channels
ATP depletion + pyrimidine depletion can markedly enhance cancer therapy: fresh insight for a new approach. (2000)

In the 1980s, necrosis was considered the mode of cell death induced by DNA-damaging anticancer agents because of the activity of PARP. [3][1] PARP is activated by the DNA strand breaks caused by anticancer agents and cleaves the glycolytic coenzyme, NAD+, leading to formation of poly(ADP-ribose)
A simple and accurate approach to model the coupling of vertical and horizontal dipoles in layered media (1992)

A simple and accurate approach to electromagnetic modeling the coupling of a vertical electric dipole (VED) and a horizontal electric dipole (HED) in layered media is presented. In this approach, the scalar potential Green's functions have been properly defined so that the desired form of the MPIE (mixed potential integral equation) can be used. The approach has been used to analyze the problem of VED and HED in a dielectric slab. The spatial Green's functions have been efficiently computed using the complex image technique. The approach developed is useful for the modeling of a wide class of printed structures that involve both VED and HED in layered media.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ultrafast Metal Electrodeposition Revealed by In Situ Optical Imaging and Theoretical Modeling towards Fast‐Charging Zn Battery Chemistry (2022)

Abstract Metallic Zn is a preferred anode material for rechargeable aqueous batteries towards a smart grid and renewable energy storage. Understanding how the metal nucleates and grows at the aqueous Zn anode is a critical and challenging step to achieve full reversibility of Zn battery chemistry, especially under fast‐charging conditions. Here, by combining in situ optical imaging and theoretical modeling, we uncover the critical parameters governing the electrodeposition stability of the metallic Zn electrode, that is, the competition among crystallographic thermodynamics, kinetics, and Zn 2+ ‐ion diffusion. Moreover, steady‐state Zn metal plating/stripping with Coulombic efficiency above 99 % is achieved at 10–100 mA cm −2 in a reasonably high concentration (3 M) ZnSO 4 electrolyte. Significantly, a long‐term cycling‐stable Zn metal electrode is realized with a depth of discharge of 66.7 % under 50 mA cm −2 in both Zn||Zn symmetrical cells and MnO 2 ||Zn full cells.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Global Evaluation of Eph Receptors and Ephrins in Lung Adenocarcinomas Identifies EphA4 as an Inhibitor of Cell Migration and Invasion (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 105K, EPHA4, apoptosis and cell cycle.&lt;/p&gt;
Interval scripts (1997)

A system to manage human interaction in immersive environments was designed and implemented. The interaction is defined by an interval scripi which describes the relationships between the time intervals which command actuators or gather information from sensors. With this formalism, reactive, linear, and tree-like interaction can be equally described, as well as less regular story and interaction patterns.
176-76: Baseline characteristics and 6-month echocardiographic assessment of chamber size in the REDUCE Elevated Left Atrial Pressure in Patients with Heart Failure Trial: the first HFpEF device trial (2016)

Background: Previous studies suggest similar outcomes using rate or rhythm control to manage atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (AF/AFL) in patients with chronic heart failure. However, little is known about the efficacy of these strategies in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Objectives: To compare mortality associated with rhythm control (electrical or pharmacological) versus rate control for managing AF/AFL in patients with ADHF. Methods: We identified 10,305 patients with ADHF and AF/AFL who were admitted to Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals during fiscal years 2010-2014 using VA administrative data files. We used marginal structural models to compare in-hospital mortality for patients receiving rate plus rhythm control, versus rate control only, while treating receipt of each treatment as time-dependent over the course of the admission. Models also controlled for baseline pulse, demographics, comorbid conditions, medication history and time-dependent pulse. We also separately analyzed patients with pulse at admission . 100 beats per minute (bpm). Results: Overall, 72% of patients were white; mean age was 74.1 (+10.6), and 31% had pulse . 100 bpm at admission. Nearly all patients (92%) received rate control during the admission, while 17% received rhythm control. In unadjusted analyses, patients receiving rhythm control had significantly higher mortality compared to patients without rhythm control (3.1% versus 1.7%; p 0.0008). In risk adjusted marginal structural models, receipt of rhythm plus rate control was associated with significantly high rates of in-hospital mortality, relative to rate control only [OR (95% CI) 1.6(1.1-2.4); p 0.015]. Additionally, analysis stratified by baseline pulse suggested significantly worse survival with rhythm control among patients with pulse , 100 bpm compared to those with pulse ! 100 bpm [OR (95% CI), 1.7 (1.02-2.69); p 0.039 vs. OR (95% CI), 1.33 (0.68-2.58); p 0.401]. Conclusion: Managing AF/AFL in patients with ADHF using rhythm control significantly decrease survival over rate control alone. The use of rhythm control, especially in those patients without tachycardia, may be harmful and warrants further study.
Highly potent, synthetically accessible prostratin analogs induce latent HIV expression in vitro and ex vivo (2013)

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) decreases plasma viremia below the limits of detection in the majority of HIV-infected individuals, thus serving to slow disease progression. However, HAART targets only actively replicating virus and is unable to eliminate latently infected, resting CD4(+) T cells. Such infected cells are potentially capable of reinitiating virus replication upon cessation of HAART, thus leading to viral rebound. Agents that would eliminate these reservoirs, when used in combination with HAART, could thus provide a strategy for the eradication of HIV. Prostratin is a preclinical candidate that induces HIV expression from latently infected CD4(+) T cells, potentially leading to their elimination through a virus-induced cytopathic effect or host anti-HIV immunity. Here, we report the synthesis of a series of designed prostratin analogs and report in vitro and ex vivo studies of their activity relevant to induction of HIV expression. Members of this series are up to 100-fold more potent than the preclinical lead (prostratin) in binding to cell-free PKC, and in inducing HIV expression in a latently infected cell line and prostratin-like modulation of cell surface receptor expression in primary cells from HIV-negative donors. Significantly, selected members were also tested for HIV induction in resting CD4(+) T cells isolated from infected individuals receiving HAART and were found to exhibit potent induction activity. These more potent agents and by extension related tunable analogs now accessible through the studies described herein should facilitate research and preclinical advancement of this strategy for HIV/AIDS eradication.
ASAB: a Chinese screen reader (2003)

Abstract This paper describes the design and development of a computer interface for blind and visually‐impaired users, who are native speakers of Cantonese (i.e. a Chinese dialect). Apart from enabling the interface to (1) produce Chinese voice output, (2) convert Chinese characters to Braille codes, (3) facilitate Chinese Braille input, and (4) operate in a Microsoft Chinese Windows environment, the significant aspects of this paper include the following: (1) the description of an integrated architecture, which can be used for other languages; (2) a general bilingual Braille input mechanism; (3) a sentence‐based input method that can be used for contracted‐Braille‐to‐text conversion with an error rate of about 6%, operating at about 700 characters/second using a Pentium II 300 MHz PC; (4) a code‐mixed synthesis module for general bilingual and multilingual applications; (5) the potential to directly adopt the system for use with other ideographic languages (like Japanese and Korean), as well as agglutinating languages like Finnish and Turkish, which have no space between words. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Cloning and mapping of the -adducin gene close to D4S95 and assessment of its relationship to Huntington disease (1992)

The genetic defect underlying Huntington's disease (HD) has been mapped to 4p16.3. Refined localization using recombinant HD chromosome analysis and allelic association analyses have identified two distinct candidate regions. Using a cDNA hybrid selection procedure we have cloned the gene for alpha-adducin, a subunit of a cytoskeletal protein crucial for spectrin-actin membrane plasticity. This gene maps to the proximal 2.2 Mb candidate region within 20 kb of D4S95. Alleles of markers at this locus have been shown to exhibit significant linkage disequilibrium with HD. A 4 kb alpha-adducin transcript was identified which is abundantly expressed in the caudate nucleus, the site of major neuronal loss in HD. Sequencing of the brain alpha-adducin cDNA from two HD patients and an age-matched control did not detect any sequence alterations specific to HD. However, we identified in brain cDNA of both patients and control samples, two alternately spliced brain exons, not previously described in the erythrocyte cDNA. A 93 bp exon is inserted in frame between codon 471 and 472 while a 34 bp exon inserted within codon 621 disrupts the frame and introduces a stop codon after 11 novel amino acids. The mapping of the adducin gene adjacent to D4S95 and its pattern of expression, as well as its potential for distinct alternately spliced variants, reinforces the necessity to accurately assess the role of the expression of this gene in the pathogenesis of HD.
Impact of sodium vanadium oxide (NaV3O8, NVO) material synthesis conditions on charge storage mechanism in Zn-ion aqueous batteries (2021)

The electrochemical charge storage of sodium vanadate (NaV<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> or NVO) cathodes in aqueous Zn-ion batteries has been hypothesized to be influenced by the inclusion of structural water for facilitating ion transfer in the material. Materials properties considered important (morphology, crystallite and particle size, surface area) are systematically studied herein through investigation of two NVO materials, NaV<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>·0.34H<sub>2</sub>O [NVO(300)] and NaV<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>·0.05H<sub>2</sub>O [NVO(500)], with different water content, acicular morphologies with different size and surface area achieved via post-synthesis heat treatment. The electrochemistry of the two materials was evaluated in aqueous Zn-ion cells with 2 M ZnSO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic cycling, and rate capability testing. The thinner NVO(300) nanobelts (0.13 μm) demonstrate greater specific capacities and higher effective diffusion coefficients relative to the thicker NVO(500) nanorods. Notably however, while cells containing NVO(500) deliver lower specific capacity, they demonstrate enhanced capacity retention with cycling. The structural changes accompanying oxidation and reduction are elucidated via ex situ X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and operando V K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), where NVO material properties are shown to influence the ion insertion. Operando XAS verified that electron transfer corresponds directly to change in vanadium oxidation state, affirming vanadium redox as the governing electrochemical process.
Microsurgical Reconstruction of Foot Defects: A Case Series with Long-Term Follow-Up (2022)

(1) Background: Microsurgical reconstruction of foot defects with free flaps is rare as it is a challenging task for a surgeon. For extensive defects, advanced surgical procedures, such as free flap transfer with microsurgical anastomosis, may be the last chance to avoid major amputation. The aim of the study was to examine the opportunities and risks posed by free flap reconstruction of foot defects and to illustrate in which situations reconstruction is useful on the basis of case characteristics. (2) Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed data of cases with free flap reconstruction of the foot from 2007 to 2022. Therefore, demographic data, comorbidities, information about the defect situation, data on the operational procedure, and complications were evaluated. (3) Results: A total of 27 cases with free flap coverage of foot defects could be included. In 24 of these cases (89%), defect coverage was successful. In 18 patients, some form of complication occurred in the postoperative stage. The most frequently used flap was the latissimus dorsi flap, with 13 procedures. (4) Conclusions: Foot reconstruction using free flaps is a proven procedure for the treatment of larger foot defects and can offer a predominantly good functional outcome. The lengthy process and possible complications should be thoroughly discussed in advance so as to provide criteria, suitably adjusted to the individual prerequisites of the patients, for deciding whether limb salvage using advanced surgical procedures should be attempted.
Etude expérimentale de la micro-explosion de gouttes d’émulsion d’eau dans l’huile : effet des mouvements internes de la phase dispersée (2022)

International audience
Influence of matrix on concentrations of somatotropin measured in serum with commercial immunoradiometric assays. (1989)

Using immunoradiometric assays (IRMAs) from Hybritech Inc. (H) and Nichols Institute Diagnostics (ND), we measured somatotropin (human growth hormone, hGH) in serum samples obtained every 20 min for 24 h from 10 prepubertal subjects with short stature. Results obtained with the ND reagents were 2.74 times greater than those obtained with the H reagents (P = 0.00001, r = 0.94, SEE = 3.9, n = 720). We therefore compared the IRMAs with the standard hGH RIA from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Hormone and Pituitary Program, using the genetically engineered hGH preparations (from Genentech Inc.) 22-kDa hGH and methionated 20-kDa hGH. We also assayed human pituitary hGH (NIH, lot no. AFP-4793B). Each hGH preparation was diluted in three diluent buffer systems: horse serum from H and from ND, and human serum. The RIA and H-IRMA gave superimposable standard curves for all hGH preparations in each diluent. The methionated 20-kDa hGH was not detected in the H-assay. Use of human serum matrix in the ND-IRMA shifted the standard curve as compared with the horse-serum matrix, giving equivalent binding at lower concentrations; i.e., serum hGH was overestimated in samples assayed against standards diluted in horse serum. Quality-control materials (Ciba-Corning) yielded disparate results in all three assays, yet human serum pools containing hGH gave similar results in the H and the NIH assays, and higher values in ND. When a human serum standard was used in the ND assay, both IRMAs gave similar results to the RIA assay for human serum samples. Reference intervals for hGH should be determined by each analytical laboratory, to prevent misdiagnosis of patients. Furthermore, quality-control material should be of human origin, because commercially supplied quality-control material does not react the same as human serum in some hGH assays.
Predicting the spectral reflectance factor of translucent paints using Kubelka‐Munk turbid media theory: Review and evaluation (2009)

Abstract The use of Kubelka‐Munk (K‐M) turbid media theory in predicting the spectral reflectance factor of an opaque specimen from the specimen's constituent optical constants is well established in practice and well described in the literature. For translucent samples, there is a paucity of published results and the approaches are disparate. Accordingly, a review of K‐M theory and its application for predicting the spectral reflectance factor of translucent samples is presented and tested. Four methods for determining the absorption and scattering coefficients with respect to a certain film thickness are described: the black‐white method, the infinite method, the masstone‐tint method, and the two‐region method. The black‐white and infinite methods use the general form of the K‐M equation. The masstone‐tint method can be used for both the general form and the opaque simplification. The two‐region method, combining opaque and translucent approaches, was enhanced in this research and included an opacity calculation to automatically differentiate opaque and translucent spectral regions and a smoothing technique to combine both spectral regions. The two‐region method was tested using a set of acrylic‐emulsion artist paints and glazes spanning a range of opacities from opaque to nearly transparent. The results were reasonable and provided statistically significant improvement compared with the opaque simplification, commonly used in art conservation science and industrial color matching. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 417–431, 2009