gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a hyperspectral fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope and its application to tissue imaging (2007)

We present the design, characterization and application of a novel, rapid, optically sectioned hyperspectral fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscope. The system is based on a line scanning confocal configuration and uses a highspeed time-gated detector to extract lifetime information from many pixels in parallel. This allows the full spectraltemporal profiles of a fluorescence decay to be obtained from every pixel in an image. Line illumination and slit detection also gives the microscope a confocal optical sectioning ability. The system is applied to test samples and unstained biological tissue. In future, this microscope will be combined with recently-developed continuously electronically tunable, pulsed light sources based on tapered, micro-structured optical fibers. This will allow hyperspectral FLIM to be combined with the advantages of excitation spectroscopy to gain further insight into complex biological specimens including tissue and live cell imaging.
Multiple splicing factors are released from endogenous complexes during in vitro pre-mRNA splicing. (1989)

Pre-mRNA splicing occurs in a macromolecular complex called the spliceosome. Efforts to isolate spliceosomes from in vitro splicing reactions have been hampered by the presence of endogenous complexes that copurify with de novo spliceosomes formed on added pre-mRNA. We have found that removal of these large complexes from nuclear extracts prevents the splicing of exogenously added pre-mRNA. We therefore examined these complexes for the presence of splicing factors and proteins known or thought to be involved in RNA splicing. These fast-sedimenting structures were found to contain multiple small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and a fragmented heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex. At least two splicing factors other than the snRNPs were also associated with these large structures. Upon incubation with ATP, these splicing factors as well as U1 and U2 snRNPs were released from these complexes. The presence of multiple splicing factors suggests that these complexes may be endogenous spliceosomes released from nuclei during preparation of splicing extracts. The removal of these structures from extracts that had been preincubated with ATP yielded a splicing extract devoid of large structures. This extract should prove useful in the fractionation of splicing factors and the isolation of native spliceosomes formed on exogenously added pre-mRNA.
Headache (2005)

This article examines the different types of headache that patients may experience, distinguishing between common types of headache and those that are life-threatening.
A loose-strategy-based Complexity Scalable Motion Estimation method for video coding (2010)

In this paper, a new Complexity Scalable Motion Estimation (CSME) method is proposed which can perform Motion Estimation adaptively under different computation or power budgets while keeping high coding performance. We first propose to use a new class-based method to measure the Macroblock (MB) importance. Based on the new MB importance measure, a complete CSME framework is then proposed. The proposed method allocates computation in a one-pass flow and is based on a loose strategy where frames can borrow computation from other frames to achieve better performance under the same computation budget. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can allocate computation more accurately than previous methods.
Increased Susceptibility of Mice Lacking Clara Cell 10-kDa Protein to Lung Tumorigenesis by 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, a Potent Carcinogen in Cigarette Smoke (2004)

Ninety percent of all human lung cancers are related to cigarette smoking. Both tobacco smoke and lung tumorigenesis are associated with drastically reduced levels of Clara cell 10-kDa protein (CC10), a multifunctional secreted protein, naturally produced by the airway epithelia of virtually all mammals. We previously reported that the expression of CC10 is markedly reduced in animals exposed to 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, NNK, a potent carcinogen in tobacco smoke. Furthermore, it has been reported that CC10 expression, induced in certain tumor cells, reverses the transformed phenotype. We demonstrate here that NNK exposure of CC10-knock-out (CC10-KO) mice causes a significantly higher incidence of airway epithelial hyperplasia and lung adenomas compared with wild type (WT) littermates (30% CC10-KO versus 5% WT, p = 0.041). We also found that compared with NNK-treated WT mice, CC10-KO mice manifest increased frequency of K-ras mutation, elevated level of Fas ligand (FasL) expression, and increased MAPK/Erk phosphorylation, all of which are considered predisposing events in NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis. We propose that CC10 has a protective role against NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis mediated via down-regulation of the above-mentioned predisposing events.
Solution and Solid-Phase Synthesis of Functionalized 3-Arylbenzofurans by a Novel Cyclofragmentation – Release Pathway (2000)

Eine Arylbenzofuran-Familie hoher Diversität kann sowohl in Lösung als auch an fester Phase durch eine neuartige Reaktionskaskade ausgehend von 2-Hydroxybenzophenonen erhalten werden. Der Schlüsselschritt ist eine 5-exo-trig-Cyclisierung zu Alkoxidintermediaten, aus denen 3-Arylbenzofurane hervorgehen (siehe Schema), eine biologisch und medizinisch wichtige Verbindungsklasse. Nicht nur elektronenschiebende und elektronenziehende Gruppen werden bei dieser Reaktion toleriert, sondern auch Pyridyl-, Naphthyl- und sterisch gehinderte Xylylanaloga können erhalten werden.
Resisting Dendrites in Lithium Batteries, One Pinhole at a Time (2022)

For humanity to successfully transition from fossil fuels, the mismatch in the demand and supply of renewable energy must be addressed by reliable, high energy storage systems. One promising energy storage system is the lithium metal battery (LMB), owing to the high gravimetric capacity of lithium (3860 mAh/g). The potential gain in volumetric and gravimetric energy density offered by LMBs could usurp today’s lithium-ion battery technology and revolutionize energy storage. However, the lifetime of LMBs is hindered by morphological instabilities experienced during the electrodeposition of lithium. Modifications of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and electrolyte are the most common strategies for improving lithium metal morphology. However, electrolyte and SEI engineering are often tedious, based on trial and error, and insufficient for enhancing lithium electrodeposition. Here, we demonstrate a new, alternative strategy for controlling lithium metal morphology and improving electrochemical performance that is independent of the electrolyte and SEI. By modifying the current collector with atomic layer deposited (ALD) thin films of ZnO, SnO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 , we show that lithium deposits atop, rather than beneath, the thin films, resulting in changes in lithium morphology and battery performance that are strongly dependent on the electrical resistance of the ALD films. The results show that low resistance copper modification films like SnO 2 and ZnO provide numerous sites for lithium nucleation and promote the formation of high surface area (fast electrolyte consuming) lithium deposits, while the highly resistive Al 2 O 3 -modified copper reduces the available sites for lithium nucleation and promotes the formation of low surface area (slow electrolyte consuming) clusters of lithium deposits. We propose and demonstrate the first recorded mechanism for the connection between electrical resistance and lithium growth - we propose that, in resistive substrates, lithium metal nucleates atop only pinhole sites, then grows laterally by the radial diffusion of lithium ions from the electrolyte. We prove this mechanism analytically, using diffusion controlled current equations, and experimentally by introducing patterned pinholes into a resistive, pinhole-free substrate. We generalize the concept of resistance-controlled morphology and demonstrate high battery performance in three distinct classes of electrolytes, culminating in anode-free pouch cells that retain 60% of their initial discharge capacity after 100 cycles. This work presents a new approach for understanding the electrodeposition of lithium and tuning the performance of lithium metal batteries.
Printing with light: daylight&#x2013;fluorescent inks for large-gamut multi-color printing (2019)

With printing technologies continuously reaching ever higher degrees of performance and quality, the need for novelty and impact and also keeps increasing. Specialty inks have always played an important role here, albeit not without challenges. Often the use of such materials involved dedicated solutions that deal with these inks outside of the constraints of normal pipelines and workflows, which constrains their application and results in limited use. This is so since specialty inks, such as fluorescents, behave differently to traditional dye or pigment-based ones. So much so that most applications use specialty inks as spot colors, explicitly determining (by means of a separate layer in the input) where they are to be used for given content. For example, for materials such as fluorescents or quantum dots, the possibility of presenting more light at a given wavelength than is incident at that wavelength, breaks some of the basic assumptions of current processes, from how they are measured to how they can be used in building color separations all the way to how color management deals with them. In this paper we describe first experiments of using fluorescent inks that are activated by visible &#x2013; instead of the more customary UV &#x2013; radiation, showing performance of spectrophotometer measurement with a dedicated model to handle the specific properties of these inks, as well as results of the impact such inks can have on extending color gamuts that go significantly beyond current printing gamuts and therefore also pose new challenges.
A binarized spiking neural network based on auto-reset LIF neurons and large signal synapses using STT-MTJs (2023)

Abstract A binarized spiking neural network using auto-reset leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with a two-transistor and three-magnetic tunnel junction core and large signal synapses with two-transistor and two-magnetic tunnel junctions is designed. The network is applied to a classifier of the MNIST handwritten digit dataset with a 784 × 400 synapse crossbar array. The weights are trained offline using the spike-timing-dependent plasticity learning algorithm and deployed to the spin-transfer torque magnetic tunnel junction (STT-MTJ) resistances in the synapses after being binarized. Its performance is evaluated by HSPICE using the STT-MTJ device model, which takes the stochastic change in the angle between the two magnetic moments in the free and pinned layers into consideration. 75% test accuracy is achieved for 1200 patterns with 1 ns read and 1 ns write operations and 0.23 pJ/SOP energy consumption.
Variation in Hydramethylnon Susceptibility Among Insecticide-Resistant German Cockroaches (Blattodea: Blattellidae) (1999)

A consumption bioassay was used to evaluate hydramethylnon tolerance among 14 insecticide-resistant and 1 insecticide-susceptible strain of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). The feeding bioassay provided the ability to assess physiological changes in hydramethylnon tolerance while simultaneously evaluating German cockroach avoidance behavior toward Siege gel bait. Cockroach strains, which had been shown previously to be resistant to pyrethroid, carbamate, and organophosphate insecticides, were bioassayed in 2 groups. The 1st group was bioassayed by the dose-response method and the 2nd group was assayed with a single diagnostic dose. None of the strains evaluated by the dose-response consumption bioassay method were more tolerant of hydramethylnon than the Orlando laboratory strain. Although the dose-response data did not indicate physiological resistance among these strains, behavioral resistance (avoidance) was implicated in the Union 511 and Malo strains. In a 2nd group of insecticide-resistant strains, physiological as well as behavioral resistance to hydramethylnon was implicated when cockroaches were challenged with a diagnostic dose of hydramethylnon in Siege bait matrix. At the Orlando LD99 (3.5 μg of hydramethylnon per cockroach), only 80 and 75% of the NASJAX and HydSel adult males consumed the bait, respectively. These data indicate that avoidance behavior may be developing in these strains. Furthermore, physiological resistance was indicated only in the strain selected with hydramethylnon (HydSel) because only 89% was killed at the LD99 Orlando dose.
Meningococcal Serogroup B Bivalent rLP2086 Vaccine Elicits Broad and Robust Serum Bactericidal Responses in Healthy Adolescents (2015)

Bivalent rLP2086 was immunogenic and well tolerated when administered in 2 or 3 doses. Three doses yielded the most robust hSBA response rates against MnB strains expressing vaccine-heterologous subfamily B fHBPs.
Selection of minimum time geometric paths for robotic manipulators (1984)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/7586/5/bad2120.0001.001.pdf
Deterioration and Thermographic Analyses of Electrical Units in Diesel Locomotive (2009)

The electrical units of diesel electric locomotives, which were used for over 30 years, were characterized for deterioration evaluation through insulation resistance measurement, degradation testing, and infrared thermography method. Especially, an infrared camera and thermocouples were employed for the evaluation. The thermocouples were attached on high-voltage cables connected to traction motors, for in-situ measurement of abnormal heating during test running. After test running, the thermographic images were obtained for the inspection of high-voltage cables using the infrared camera. The thermographic results were quantitatively analyzed, and compared with temperature changes during running. In this investigation, various analysis techniques for the safety characterization of diesel electric locomotives have been introduced, and the analysis results have been used to provide the deterioration or wear information in current locomotive systems.
Regulation of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activities in immortalized rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (1994)

Rat brain microvessel endothelial cells were immortalized by transfection with a plasmid containing the E1A adenovirus gene. One clone, called RBE4, was further characterized. These cells display a nontransformed phenotype and express typical endothelial markers, Factor VIII-related antigen and Bandeiraea simplicifolia binding sites. When RBE4 cells were grown in the presence of bFGF and on collagen-coated dishes, confluent cultures developed sprouts that extend above the monolayer and organized into three-dimensional structures. The activity of the blood-brain barrier-associated enzyme, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma GTP), was expressed in these structures, not in the surrounding monolayer. Similar results were obtained with the microvessel-related enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Addition of agents that elevate intracellular cAMP reduced the formation of three-dimensional structures, but every cell inside the aggregates still expressed gamma GTP and ALP activities. Such structures, associated with high levels of gamma GTP and ALP activities, were also induced by astroglial factors, including (1) plasma membranes from newborn rat primary astrocytes or rat glioma C6 cells, (2) C6 conditioned media, or (3) diffusible factors produced by primary astrocytes grown in the presence of, but not in contact with RBE4 cells. RBE4 cells thus remain sensitive to angiogenic and astroglial factors for the expression of the blood-brain barrier-related gamma GTP activity, as well as for ALP activity, and could constitute the basis of a valuable in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier.
Fault-Tolerant Gates on Hypergraph Product Codes (2021)

One class of quantum error-correcting codes---hypergraph product codes---may offer fault tolerance with low hardware overhead. A new proposal shows how to perform universal quantum gates with these codes.
Engineering the cloud from software modules (2009)

Cloud computing faces many of the challenges and difficulties of distributed and parallel software. While the service interface hides the actual application from the remote user, the application developer still needs to come to terms with distributed software that needs to run on dynamic clusters and operate under a wide range of configurations. In this paper, we outline our vision of a model and runtime platform for the development, deployment, and management of software applications on the cloud. Our basic idea is to turn the notion of software module into a first class entity used for management and distribution that can be autonomously managed by the underlying software fabric of the cloud. In the paper we present our model, outline an initial implementation, and describe a first application developed using the ideas presented in the paper.
New Developments in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (1981)

LUCE, J. M.; CARY, J. M.; ROSS, B. K.; CULVER, B. H.; BUTLER, J.; Melker, Richard J. Ph.D., M.D. Author Information
26 W optically-pumped semiconductor disk laser operating at 157-μm using wafer fusion (2008)

We report a wafer fused high power optically pumped semiconductor disk laser incorporating InP-based active medium fused to a GaAs/AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflector. A record value of over 2.6 W of output power in a spectral range around 1.57 microm was demonstrated, revealing the essential advantage of the wafer fusing technique over monolithically-grown all-InP-based structures. The presented approach allows for integration of lattice-mismatched compounds, quantum-well and quantum-dot based media. This would provide convenient means for extending the wavelength range of semiconductor disk lasers.
Biodegradable Particulate Carrier Formulation and Tuning for Targeted Drug Delivery (2014)

Biodegradable micro- and nanoparticles have the potential to reform the drug development landscape by improving drug solubility, changing undesirable pharmacokinetics, realizing the benefits of new molecules arising from genomic and proteomic research, and increasing drug localization in target organs and tissues; i.e., drug targeting. This review provides an overview of the in vivo fate of biodegradable particulate carriers following administration via several routes, as well as how the patient's health state, disease pathophysiology and particle physicochemical properties affect such fates. It also discusses some of the widely used biodegradable polymers, their in vivo biochemical degradation, methods of nanoparticle formulation from such polymers and finally, how such methods could be tailored to achieve targeted delivery to specified tissues both passively and actively.
Use of a Quaternary Ammonium Salt Supported on a Liposoluble Poly(ethylene glycol) Matrix for Laboratory and Industrial Synthetic Applications of Phase-Transfer Catalysis (2002)

A systematic study on the use of liposoluble PEG5000Bu3N+Br- (1a) as the catalyst in a series of anion-promoted reactions carried out under both liquid−liquid (LL) and solid−liquid (SL) phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions is reported. A comparison of the catalytic efficiency of 1a and that of popular soluble nonsupported and/or insoluble resin-supported onium salts 1b−i is also included. Classical nucleophilic substitution reactions, i.e., Br−I exchange [reaction (1)] and SN2 displacement with a CN- ion [reaction (2)], C-, O-, and N-alkylation reactions [reactions (3)−(9)], formation and reactions of dichlorocarbenes with alkenes [reaction (10)], and sodium borohydride reductions [reaction (11)] were the standard transformations examined. The results show that 1a behaves as an efficient easily recyclable phase-transfer (PT) agent under both LL- and SL-PTC conditions, with its catalytic activity being generally superior to that of insoluble resin-supported PT agents 1b,d and favorably comparable to that of popular soluble nonsupported onium salts 1c,e−i.
Optimization of the design of waste heat recovery steam generator system (1990)

In recent years the demand for combined cycle plants utilizing gas turbine and heat recovery steam generators has increased significantly due to favorable economic considerations. A series of interactive computer programs (heat balance, design, and performance) is written for gas turbine heat recovery steam generating (HRSG) systems to design its heat absorbing components in order to achieve optimum results. The heat balance program allows the user to optimize the thermal performance on any system arrangement involving up to three pressure levels. It also identifies the component with the largest overall heat transfer coefficient and surface area product (UA) that is utilized by the design program to initiate a physical system design. The design is used to design each component with the optimum amount of heating surface according to manufacturing capabilities while absorbing the required amount of heat as dictated by the heat balance program. The procedure is iterative in order to achieve the desired draft loss for the entire system.
Marshall Sahlins and the Apotheosis of Culture (2001)

When Captain James Cook sailed into Kealakekua Bay on January 17, 1779, little did he know that he was sailing into a Hawaiian cosmological drama in which he would be the main protagonist. Cook was not aware that he was, in Marshall Sahlins's words, "a tradition for Hawaiians before he was a fact." 2 In several essays and book chapters published in the seventies and eighties, Sahlins, the anthropologist most cited in anthropology journals according to one source, 3 argued, in characteristically bold fashion, that Cook's alleged reception by the Hawaiians as a manifestation of Lono, their god of fertility and agriculture, can be verified by correlating Cook's arrival, sojourn, and death in Hawaii to indigenous cosmological or cultural categories. [End Page 201]
Microarea strain analysis in GaN-based laser diodes using high-resolution microbeam X-ray diffraction (2010)

Microarea strain distribution in real ridge waveguide laser diodes composed of InGaN/AlGaN/GaN lattice-mismatched heterostructure have been studied by high-resolution microbeam X-ray diffraction using highly collimated sub-µm beam. By the microarea mapping of X-ray diffraction, we confirmed the distribution change of lattice strain around ridge stripe region due to the change of biaxial tensile strain of p-type AlGaN layer. We found that the strain distribution in the ridge waveguide laser diode is not uniform around the ridge stripe region. Microarea mapping of X-ray rocking curves using asymmetric (10−14) reflection.
Extensible Resource Scheduling for Parallel Scientific Applications. (1997)

The resource requirements and processing characteristics of parallel scientific applications are quite diverse. In this paper, we present a new resource management approach for scheduling such parallel applications that combines multiple scheduling paradigms with a fault-tolerance paradigm into a coherent system. Results from a prototype implementation demonstrate that our system provides significant performance improvements over existing methods in a controllable and extensible manner.