gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a point of care breath test for octane detection (2021)

<b>Background:</b> A non-invasive bedside method to diagnose Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is demanded. Octane was discovered and validated as the most contributing breath biomarker for diagnosis of ARDS using gas-chromatography and mass-spectrometry (GC-MS). However, GC-MS is unsuitable as point-of-care (POC) test in the intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore, we determined if a newly developed POC breath test can reliably detect octane in exhaled breath of invasively ventilated ICU patients. <b>Methods:</b> Two developmental steps were taken to design a POC breath test. Calibration measurements were performed with a laboratory prototype in healthy subjects. Subsequently, invasively ventilated patients were included for validation and assessment of repeatability. After evolving to a POC breath test, this device was validated in invasively ventilated patients. Octane concentration was based on the area under the curve, which was extracted from the chromatogram and compared to known values from calibration measurements. <b>Results:</b> Five healthy subjects and 53 invasively ventilated patients were included. Calibration showed a linear relation (R<sup>2</sup>=1.0) between the octane concentration and the quantified octane peak in the low parts-per-billion range. For the POC breath test the repeatability was excellent (R<sup>2</sup>=0.98, ICC=0.97 (95% CI 0.94-0.99)). <b>Conclusion:</b> This is the first study to show that a POC breath test can rapidly and reliably detect octane, with excellent repeatability, at clinically relevant levels in exhaled breath of ventilated ICU patients. This opens possibilities for targeted exhaled breath analysis to be used as bedside test and makes it a candidate as a diagnostic tool for the early detection of ARDS.
An authentication protocol in a security layer for RFID smart tags (2004)

This article presents a novel approach of a cryptographic authentication protocol for radio frequency identification (RFID) smart tags. RFID smart tags are microchips which can be attached to products in order to allow their contactless identification via radio frequency. Cryptographic authentication is necessary to provide security for products like branded goods or immobilizer systems in cars. However, existing protocols do not include cryptographic authentication mechanisms. Therefore, a new approach for authentication is presented in this paper. Due to the limited computing power, die-size, and low-power restrictions, a two-way challenge-response authentication scheme is proposed. Packet and frame formats extend the existing RFID protocol which is defined in the ISO/IEC 18000 standard (International Organization for Standardization, March 2003). The analysis of the authentication mechanism was done using Java models at different abstraction levels. The hardware implementation of the tag was realized in VHDL using a customized embedded microcontroller.
Prediction of NOx Emissions from a Transiently Operating Diesel Engine Using an Artificial Neural Network (1999)

For an adequate control of the reductant flow in selective catalytic reduction of NOx in diesel exhaust, a tool has to be available to accurately and quickly predict the engine's NOx emission. For these purposes, elaborate computer models and expensive NOx analyzers are not feasible. The application of a neural network is proposed instead. Measurements were performed on a transient operating diesel engine. One part of the data was used to train the network for NOx emission prediction, the other part was used to test. The average absolute deviation between the predicted and measured NOx emission is 6.7 %. The reductant buffering capacity of the deNOx catalyst will diminish the effect of the deviation on the overall NOx removal efficiency. The high accuracy of the neural network predictions, combined with the short computation times (0.2 ms/data point), makes the neural network a very promising tool in automotive NOx control.
Highly Efficient Mono-Functionalization of Knob-in-Hole Antibodies with Strain-Promoted Click Chemistry (2019)

Knob-in-hole antibodies can be utilized to introduce a single tag for chemo-enzymatic functionalization. By either introducing a single C-terminal sortase tag (sortase-tag expressed protein ligation) or tyrosine tag (G<sub>4</sub>Y), mono-functionalization of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab was achieved rapidly and in high yields. This method was applied to selectively and efficiently introduce a single fluorescent tag, cytokine or single-chain variable fragment, as well as produce clean homo dimers of trastuzumab.
Synthesis of thin film AuPd alloys and their investigation for electrocatalytic CO2reduction (2015)

Alloying of Au and Pd leads to new synergistic catalytic effects, providing insights into electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub>reduction on alloy surfaces.
Early detection of bacteria using SPR imaging and event counting: experiments withListeria monocytogenesandListeria innocua (2019)

Foodborne pathogens are of significant concern in the agrifood industry and the development of associated rapid detection and identification methods are of major importance. This paper describes the novel use of resolution-optimized prism-based surface plasmon resonance imaging (RO-SPRI) and data processing for the detection of the foodborne pathogens <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> and <i>Listeria innocua</i>. With an imaging spatial resolution on the order of individual bacteria (2.7 ± 0.5 μm × 7.9 ± 0.6 μm) over a field of view 1.5 mm<sup>2</sup>, the RO-SPRI system enabled accurate counting of individual bacteria on the sensor surface. Using this system, we demonstrate the detection of two species of <i>Listeria</i> at an initial concentration of 2 × 10<sup>2</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> in less than 7 hours. The surface density of bacteria at the point of positive detection was 15 ± 4 bacteria per mm<sup>2</sup>. Our approach offers great potential for the development of fast specific detection systems based on affinity monitoring.
Quantum Bootstrapping via Compressed Quantum Hamiltonian Learning (2014)

Recent work has shown that quantum simulation is a valuable tool for learning empirical models for quantum systems. We build upon these results by showing that a small quantum simulators can be used to characterize and learn control models for larger devices for wide classes of physically realistic Hamiltonians. This leads to a new application for small quantum computers: characterizing and controlling larger quantum computers. Our protocol achieves this by using Bayesian inference in concert with Lieb-Robinson bounds and interactive quantum learning methods to achieve compressed simulations for characterization. Whereas Fisher information analysis shows that current methods which employ short-time evolution are suboptimal, interactive quantum learning allows us to overcome this limitation. We illustrate the efficiency of our bootstrapping protocol by showing numerically that an 8-qubit Ising model simulator can be used to calibrate and control a 50 qubit Ising simulator while using only about 750 kilobits of experimental data.
Transmission strategies for joint wireless information and energy transfer in a two-user MIMO interference channel (2013)

This paper investigates transmission strategies for joint wireless information and energy transfer in a two-user MIMO interference channel, in which each receiver either decodes the incoming information data (information decoding, ID) or harvests the RF energy (energy harvesting, EH) to operate with a potentially perpetual energy supply. In the two-user interference channel, we have four different scenarios according to the receiver mode - (ID <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , ID <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), (EH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , EH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), (EH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , ID <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), and (ID <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , EH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). For single-operation modes such as (ID <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , ID <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) and (EH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , EH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), the optimal transmission strategies achieving either maximum information bit rate or maximum harvested energy are derived - iterative water filling and rank-one energy beamforming. For (EH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , ID <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), and (ID <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , EH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), the achievable rate-energy (R-E) tradeoff region is investigated when one of the transmitters takes a rank-one energy beamforming and the other transmitter takes “water-filling-like” approach. Here, for the rank-one energy beamforming, the transmitter can take two different strategies - maximum energy beamforming (MEB) and minimum leakage beamforming (MLB). Finally, a new rank-one energy beamforming strategy - signal-to-leakage-and-energy ratio (SLER) maximization beamforming - is proposed.
Influence of pretilt angle on disclination lines of liquid crystal lens (2012)

This article investigates the effect of pretilt angle on disclination lines of liquid crystal (LC) lenses. When the pretilt angle of LCs is higher than 7°, the disclination lines are reduced and are moved to the boundary of the LC lens. The disclination lines at the boundary do not influence the focused beam profile of the LC lens. As the pretilt angle of LCs further increases, the disclination lines at the boundary become almost invisible. However, the interference rings become asymmetrical. The response time of an LC lens with a pretilt angle higher than 7° is ∼60% of the conventionally homogeneous LC lens. This value is a result of the decrease in the rotation angle of the LCs and the reduced disclination lines.
Experimental identification of the second-order non-Hermitian skin effect with physics-graph-informed machine learning (2022)

Topological phases of matter are conventionally characterized by the bulk-boundary correspondence in Hermitian systems: The topological invariant of the bulk in $d$ dimensions corresponds to the number of $(d-1)$-dimensional boundary states. By extension, higher-order topological insulators reveal a bulk-edge-corner correspondence, such that $n$-th order topological phases feature $(d-n)$-dimensional boundary states. The advent of non-Hermitian topological systems sheds new light on the emergence of the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) with an extensive number of boundary modes under open boundary conditions. Still, the higher-order NHSE remains largely unexplored, particularly in the experiment. We introduce an unsupervised approach -- physics-graph-informed machine learning (PGIML) -- to enhance the data mining ability of machine learning with limited domain knowledge. Through PGIML, we experimentally demonstrate the second-order NHSE in a two-dimensional non-Hermitian topolectrical circuit. The admittance spectra of the circuit exhibit an extensive number of corner skin modes and extreme sensitivity of the spectral flow to the boundary conditions. The violation of the conventional bulk-boundary correspondence in the second-order NHSE implies that modification of the topological band theory is inevitable in higher dimensional non-Hermitian systems.
Sweat Based‐multiplexed Detection of NPY‐Cortisol for Disease Diagnostics and Stress Management (2021)

Abstract Cortisol and Neuropeptide Y(NPY) are chronobiological markers of stress. Non‐invasive tracking of these two biomolecules can provide great insight into an individual's physiological and neurological wellbeing. This work presents the development of a platform that tracks the two biomarkers in ultra‐low volumes (5 μL) of sweat using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensing platform was able to detect both molecules in their relevant physiological ranges (8.16–141.7 ng/mL and 50–200 pg/mL respectively) with good sensitivity and specificity. This platform is envisioned to aid in the monitoring of pathophysiologies of stress‐based disorders.
Waveguide Combiners (2020)

Freeform TIR prism combiners are at the interface between free-space and waveguide combiners. When the number of TIR bounces increases, one might refer to them as waveguide combiners, which are the topic of this chapter. Waveguide combiners are based on TIR propagation of the entire field in an optical guide, essentially acting as a transparent periscope with a single entrance pupil and often many exit pupils.
Polarization contrast in near-field scanning optical microscopy (1992)

Recent advances in probe design have led to enhanced resolution (currently as significant as ~ 12 nm) in optical microscopes based on near-field imaging. We demonstrate that the polarization of emitted and detected light in such microscopes can be manipulated sensitively to generate contrast. We show that the contrast on certain patterns is consistent with a simple interpretation of the requisite boundary conditions, whereas in other cases a more complicated interaction between the probe and the sample is involved. Finally application of the technique to near-filed magneto-optic imaging is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐H Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination Reactions in a Dinuclear Iridium Complex. (1989)

Abstract Thermolysis of the hydrido‐allyl complex (I) at relatively high concentrations of starting material in benzene (II) leads to the benzene C‐H oxidative addition product (III).
Automatic Determination of Factors for Real-Time Garbage Collection (2004)

Several approaches to hard, real-time garbage collection have been recently proposed. All of these approaches require knowing certain statistical properties about a program's execution, such as the maximum extent of live storage, the rate of storage allocation, and the number of non-null object references. While these new approaches offer the possibility of guaranteed, reasonably bounded behavior for garbage collection, the determination of the required information may not be straight forward for the application programmer. In this paper we present evidence suggesting that the necessary factors can vary widely over the program's execution, indicating that an automatic, phased approach may be wise for a real-time collector. We present a static framework for determining some of the factors and present run-time statistics on Java benchmarks.
Non‐invasive Body Surface Potential Mapping of Reentrant Drivers in Human Atrial Fibrillation (2019)

Body surface potential mapping offers the potential to map the entire atrial surface simultaneously, allowing a panoramic, beat-to-beat map of atrial activity. This chapter provides an overview of the technique of generating body surface potential maps. It describes the characteristics of the driver sites seen with body surface potential maps and the electrograms seen at such sites. The chapter reviews the usefulness of body surface mapping to target driver sites and improve outcomes in ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Paroxysmal AF has been shown to bedriven by focal triggers arising in the pulmonary vein myocardium. Of the several approaches used in mapping of AF drivers, non-invasive surface electrocardiogram-based recording has the advantages of having a panoramic viewpoint and being able to map activity beat to beat. The chapter discusses some of the limitations of the technology and future directions of development.
Motif‐based search for a novel fructosyl peptide oxidase from genome databases (2010)

The measurement of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has important implications for diagnosis of diabetes and assessment of treatment effectiveness. We proposed specific sequence motifs to identify enzymes that oxidize glycated compounds from genome database searches. The gene encoding a putative fructosyl amino acid oxidase was found in the Phaeosphaeria nodorum SN15 genome and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein (XP_001798711) was confirmed to be a novel fructosyl peptide oxidase (FPOX) with high specificity for alpha-glycated compounds, such as HbA1c model compounds fructosyl-(alpha)N-valine (f-(alpha)Val) and fructosyl-(alpha)N-valyl-histidine (f-(alpha)Val-His). Unlike previously reported FPOXs, the P. nodorum FPOX has a K(m) value for f-(alpha)Val-His (0.185 mM) that is considerably lower than that for f-(alpha)Val (0.458 mM). Based on amino acid sequence alignment, three dimensional structural modeling, and site-directed mutagenesis, Gly60 was found to be a determining residue for the activity towards f-(alpha)Val-His. A flexible surface loop region was also found to likely play an important role in accepting f-(alpha)Val-His.
High Power InGaN-LED on m-plane GaN Substrate (2013)

Growing demands for reduction of energy consumption and environmental impact are rapidly leading to the spread of solid state LED lighting with low power consumption and high reliability. To meet these demands, we are developing high efficiency and high power LED on GaN substrate. High optical output power of 1.23W at 1A was obtained by using the technologies which are epitaxial growth of high quality m-plane InGaN on GaN substrate and low contact resistance electrode. The m-plane InGaN-LED realized the quite small external-efficiency droop of about 20% up to 500A/cm2, while large droop seriously occurs in polar c-plane (0001) InGaN LED.
The influence of methisoprinol on the spleen phagocyte and blood lymphocyte activity in rats - in vitro study (2009)

The application of immunostimulators in human and veterinary medicine offers a wide of attractive method for inducing or modulating protection against infection diseases. In the present study we determined the in vitro influence of different concentrations of synthetic product methisoprinol on the proliferative response of blood lymphocytes stimulated by concanavaline A (ConA) and lipopolisaccharide (LPS) in rats. Also the metabolic ability and potential killing activity of spleen phagocytes were examined. For this study 10 adult male and 10 adult female rats were used. Peripheral blood was obtained by venous puncture (Vacutainer set). The proliferative ability of the blood lymphocytes stimulated by mitogens was determined by MTT assay. The respiratory burst activity (RBA) and potential killing activity (PKA) were determined by spectrophotometric assay. In each experiment, the concentrations of methisoprinol used in the RPMI 1640 medium were 0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 µg methisorinol/ml of medium. The present study shows that a concentrations between 5 to 50 µg/ml of methisoprinol statistically significantly (p < 0.05) increase the mitogens-induced proliferation rate of rats lymphocytes T and B and we have not observed statistically significant difference between male and female. The analysis of the results showed that the methisoprinol increased the metabolic ability (RBA) and potential killing activity (PKA) of spleen phagocytes at concentrations between 5 and 50 µg/ml, compared to the control. The highest RBA and PKA were observed at concentrations between 10 to 50 µg/ml and also we have not observed statistically significant difference between male and female animals.
Introduction of a 9(11) double bond into steroids by selective free-radical halogenation (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntroduction of a 9(11) double bond into steroids by selective free-radical halogenationRonald Breslow, James A. Dale, Paul Kalicky, Sophia Y. Liu, and William N. WashburnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 9, 3276–3278Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00764a085https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00764a085research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views554Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phospholipid/carbocyanine dye-shelled microbubbles as ultrasound-modulated fluorescent contrast agents (2013)

Fluorescent microbubbles have been fabricated with the capacity to have their emission modulated by ultrasound. These contrast agent particles could potentially be used in the future to extract fluorescence modulation from a strong light background to increase imaging depth and resolution in scattering media. Fluorescence intensity modulation was demonstrated at the ultrasound driving frequency.
The Effect of Alkali Metal on the Catalytic Gasification of Rice Straw Over Nickel Catalysts Supported on Kieselguhr (2001)

This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Experimental Results and Discussion Conclusions References