gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface segregation of impurities induced by photon absorption in CdTe and (Hg,Cd)Te (1985)

Noble metal impurities have been observed to segregate toward the surface of p-type CdTe and heavily p-type (Hg,Cd)Te samples during room temperature aging in ambient room light. This behavior has not been observed in n-type CdTe or lightly p-type (Hg,Cd)Te. The photon-induced segregation is believed to involve the redistribution of positively charged impurity interstitials in a field generated by absorbed photons with energies greater than the band gap. A qualitative electromigration model based on the Dember effect and simple ionic conduction, has been used to explain the experimental results.
Editorial: Emerging Therapeutic Approaches for Cystic Fibrosis (2019)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-shortening inherited disease in Caucasian populations. It affects 90,000 to 100,000 individuals worldwide and results in multi-organ dysfunction, although the respiratory disorder represents the major cause of morbidity and mortality of these patients. Understanding of cellular and molecular defects of CF-causing mutations has substantially improved since the discovery of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in 1989 Up to 2012, therapeutic regimens were exclusively focused on disease symptoms. These comprised of physical and inhaled therapies, and numerous daily medications to enhance airway clearance, mitigate inflammation, eradicate lung infections, and supplement absent pancreatic enzymes. Together with early diagnosis and multidisciplinary healthcare, patients' life expectancy has risen from early childhood in the 1960s to 40 to 50 years in several countries nowadays
Expression of complete keratin filaments in mouse L cells augments cell migration and invasion. (1993)

Intermediate filament proteins have been used to diagnose the origin of specific cells. Classically, vimentin is found in mesenchymal cells, and keratins are present in epithelial cells. However, recent evidence suggests that the coexpression of these phenotype-specific proteins augments tumor cell motility, and hence, metastasis. In the present study, we used the mouse L-cell model to determine if a direct correlation exists between the expression of additional keratins in these cells, which normally express only vimentin, and their migratory ability. Mouse L cells were transfected with human keratins 8, 18, and both 8 and 18. The results indicate that the cells expressing complete keratin filaments have a higher migratory and invasive ability (through extracellular matrix-coated filters) compared with the parental and control-transfected clones. Furthermore, there is an enrichment of keratin-positive cells from a heterogeneous population of L clones selected over serial migrations. This migratory activity was directly correlated with the spreading ability of the cells on Matrigel matrix, in which the keratin-positive transfectants maintain a round morphology for a longer duration, compared with the other L-cell populations. Collectively, these data suggest that keratins may play an important role(s) in migration, through a special interaction with the extracellular environment, thereby influencing cell shape.
PUMA-V: An interactive visual tool for code optimization and parallelization based on the polyhedral model (2016)

Taking advantage of multi-core processing has become crucial in realizing significant performance gains for most applications. When it comes to performance optimization, this has led to a delicate balancing act between parallelism and locality. Furthermore, exposing parallelism can require some non-trivial transformations. Although tools exist to automatically identify good transformations, a user guided exploration can often yield substantially better performance. We have developed a visualization interface, called PUMA-V, which combines user and machine efforts to optimize parallel code performance. By conveying information related to the structure of the code and performance characteristics, the user can focus on a subset of transformations to alleviate performance bottlenecks. Combining automatic optimization techniques with interactive visualizations helps the user perform this exploration rapidly.
Growth Hormone Receptor Gene Disruption in Mature-Adult Mice Improves Glucose Metabolism and Lifespan in Females (2021)

Abstract Growth hormone (GH) serves an important role in early and adult life. Reduction of GH action has been shown to increase life span in many species of animals. In fact, mice bearing a congenital disruption of GH receptor (GHR) gene (GHRKO) hold the record for the longest-lived laboratory mice. In addition to extended life span, these mice show improved health with lower rates of cancer, increased insulin sensitivity, and resistance to age-associated cognitive decline. Furthermore, humans with decreased GH action due to inactivating mutations in the GHR (Laron Syndrome patients) are resistant to cancer and diabetes. Even though the beneficial effects of congenital Ghr gene disruption are well studied, the consequences of postnatal disruption of GH action were unknown. Previously our laboratory generated a mouse line with disrupted GH action at 1.5 months of age (1.5mGHRKO mice). Results showed that these mice had improved insulin sensitivity and increased maximal lifespan only in females, yet growth retardation was still present. To consider decreased GH action as a possible therapeutic to extend healthy lifespan, it was imperative to elucidate the effects of disrupting Ghr gene at a mature-adult age, well after the developmental and growth period of the mice. To this end, we hypothesized that removal of GH action in adult life would convey some of the same health and life span benefits seen in the GHRKO mice without the reduced body length. To test this hypothesis, we used the cre-lox system to generate mice with a disrupted Ghr gene at a mature-adult age (6 months), referred as 6mGHRKO mice. We then performed a phenotypic and lifespan characterization, and tested for molecular mechanisms known to be associated with extended longevity, namely oxidative stress resistance and mTOR modulation. We found that similar to GHRKO and 1.5mGHRKO mice, disruption of GHR at 6 months of age resulted in mice with increased adipose tissue mass, decreased lean mass, high circulating GH, but decreased insulin growth factor-1 levels compared to control mice. Furthermore, the 6mGHRKO mice displayed significantly improved insulin sensitivity in males, with no changes in glucose tolerance. Also, serum levels of inflammatory markers and liver triglycerides were unchanged in these mice. Experiments to evaluate the status of oxidative damage and mTOR activation in liver, skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of male and female 6mGHRKO mice showed a tissue-specificity and sexual dimorphism in these results. Importantly, male and female 6mGHRKO mice showed no change in body length, but mean, median and maximal lifespan were significantly extended in females. In conclusion, disruption of GH action well past sexual maturation produces beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and aging in mice. Acknowledgements: This work is supported by the State of Ohio’s Eminent Scholar Program, by NIH grant AG059779 and by the AMVETS.
Tracer studies and hydraulic behaviour of planted and un-planted vertical-flow constructed wetlands (2011)

The aim of this research was to assess the hydraulic behaviour of three intermittently-fed vertical flow wetland units operated in parallel, designed for the treatment of raw wastewater generated in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The system was designed to serve 100 PE (-1 m2/PE). The first filter was planted with cattail (Typha latifolia), the second with Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) and the third was maintained without plants (control unit). NaCl tracer tests were conducted to determine the residence time distribution. The tests were done with water when the system was unused (clean media) and also after an 11-month operation period with wastewater (used media), using two different dosing regimes (lower and higher frequency). Results showed a strong tendency towards the hydraulic completely mixed regime. A great dispersion in the units and the presence of short circuiting and dead zones were observed. The unsaturated condition in a large volume of the filter, even during the draining stage, was confirmed for the three units. The dosing regime, the resting period duration, the age of the filter and the presence of plants were found to influence the hydraulic processes in the units.
<title>Surface plasmon resonance biosensor miniaturization</title> (1994)

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensing promises a sensitive technique for the rapid quantization of a variety of analytes of interest to environmental sensing, chem/biological warfare detection, and medical screening. For many applications a compact, handheld sensor would be advantageous, however present implementations are not well suited to miniaturization. Using a substrate mode waveguide to excite SPR, a miniaturized SPR system has been demonstrated that is small enough to fit in the palm of a users hand. Preliminary testing has demonstrated 7 nanomolar sensitivity for an immunoassay biosensor.
Design and Experimental Analysis of a Selfbearing Double-Stator Linear-Rotary Actuator (2021)

Linear-rotary actuators (LiRAs) are today used in industry applications where a controlled linear and rotary motion is necessary such as pick-and-place robots, servo actuation of gearboxes or tooling machines. However, in special industry applications that require high purity and/or high precision positioning, the usage of conventional LiRAs with mechanical bearings is limited. Therefore, in this paper a LiRA with integrated magnetic bearings, i.e. a selfbearing/bearingless LiRA, is analyzed. The actuator employs concentrically arranged linear and rotary stators placed inside and outside a cylindrically shaped mover, which results in a so-called selfbearing double-stator (SBDS) LiRA. A FEM geometry optimization of the SBDS LiRA is performed and Pareto performance plots concerning linear force and torque generation are obtained. A SBDS LiRA hardware demonstrator and an 18-phase inverter power supply hardware prototype are built and their operation is experimentally verified by rotary and linear position step response measurements.
[The effectiveness of care bundles in maintaining the skin integrity and reducing the incidence density of pressure ulcers in lung cancer inpatients]. (2014)

We used the concept of "care bundles" to establish a standard skin-care protocol for advanced lung cancer inpatients. This protocol improved the clinical ability of nursing staffs and effectively maintained skin care quality in lung cancer patients.
Generation of arbitrary patterned optical pulse trains for THz-UWB application (2014)

We propose a generation method for arbitrary patterned optical pulse trains for ultra-wideband signal generation in the terahertz (THz) range. Arbitrary-patterned optical pulse trains were generated by a Mach-Zehnder-modulator-based flat comb generator combined with a pulse picker driven by a pulse pattern generator.
CinE caRdiac magneTic resonAnce to predIct veNTricular arrhYthmia (CERTAINTY) (2021)

Better models to identify individuals at low risk of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) are needed for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) candidates to mitigate the risk of ICD-related complications. We designed the CERTAINTY study (CinE caRdiac magneTic resonAnce to predIct veNTricular arrhYthmia) with deep learning for VA risk prediction from cine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Using a training cohort of primary prevention ICD recipients (n = 350, 97 women, median age 59 years, 178 ischemic cardiomyopathy) who underwent CMR immediately prior to ICD implantation, we developed two neural networks: Cine Fingerprint Extractor and Risk Predictor. The former extracts cardiac structure and function features from cine CMR in a form of cine fingerprint in a fully unsupervised fashion, and the latter takes in the cine fingerprint and outputs disease outcomes as a cine risk score. Patients with VA (n = 96) had a significantly higher cine risk score than those without VA. Multivariate analysis showed that the cine risk score was significantly associated with VA after adjusting for clinical characteristics, cardiac structure and function including CMR-derived scar extent. These findings indicate that non-contrast, cine CMR inherently contains features to improve VA risk prediction in primary prevention ICD candidates. We solicit participation from multiple centers for external validation.
New experimental limits on violations of the Pauli exclusion principle obtained with the Borexino Counting Test Facility (2004)

The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) has been tested for nucleons (n,p) in 12 C and 16 O nuclei,
Ultrasound microangiography of the metacarophalangeal joint using ultrafast Doppler (2014)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease associated with chronic inflammation, referred to as synovitis, and ultimately joint destruction. It is acknowledged that ultrasound Power Doppler imaging can reveal subclinical synovitis but the quantification of inflammation stages is currently limited by the coarse resolution and sensitivity of conventional Doppler imaging. Here we show that ultrafast Doppler imaging characterizes metacarophalangeal joint microvasculature with an unprecedented accuracy, making it a promising microangiography method for the early diagnosis of RA. We made use of a 15 MHz probe (256 elements linear array, 0.125 mm pitch) connected to a programmable ultrafast ultrasound scanner. We insonified the second metacarpophalangeal joint of 13 healthy volunteers with a dedicated ultrafast Doppler imaging sequence consisting of 41 plane wave transmissions at a pulse repetition frequency of 20 kHz during one second. The received ultrasound data were beamformed and digitally filtered to get rid of tissue clutter. Power Doppler maps were computed and overlaid on co-registered Bmode images of the joint anatomy. Ultrafast Doppler imaging allowed for the detection of healthy metacarpophalangeal joint microvasculature, which is invisible in conventional Power Doppler imaging. We imaged microvascular blood flow in 12 out of 13 healthy joints, with Doppler signal to noise ratios of the order of 5 dB. In addition, we computed for each individual a functional capillary density (defined as the length of perfused capillaries in mm per tissue area in mm2) and obtained values of the order of 0.6 ± 0.1 mm microvessel/mm2 tissue. The method, which can be readily implemented on ultrafast ultrasound scanners, shows strong potential for the early diagnosis of RA and has the advantage of being fully noninvasive. A group of RA patients with different stages of inflammation will be investigated next.
Novel Approach to Pro‐Drugs of Lactones: Water Soluble Imidate and ortho‐Ester Derivatives of a Furanone‐Based COX‐2 Selective Inhibitor. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Calibration considerations for piezoresistive-based stress sensors (2002)

The authors present a study of the variation of the piezoresistive coefficients over several devices on the same die, the same wafer, and at different doping levels. The sensor test vehicles are fully documented, and a thorough error analysis on the method of applying a known uniaxial state of stress is presented. It is shown that individual stress-sensor calibration is required if the uncertainty in the absolute values of the measured stresses needs to be less than 15%. If the uncertainty only needs to be less than 50%, then one device per wafer can be calibrated or an equation relating the unstressed resistance values to the piezoresistance coefficients can be used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A universal relationship predicts optimal catalysts for a given chemical reaction. (2018)

We present here a new understanding of heterogeneous catalysis which is successfully applied to a relevant set of reactions involved in solar energy and conventional industrial applications such as oxygen evolution, oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution in electrolysis, methanol photo-oxidation, hydrodesulfurization of thiophene, methanation of CO, hydrogenations of aromatics and alkenes, ammonia synthesis and decomposition. Not only experimental catalytic activities are well ordered as volcano curves by bond energy descriptors between transition metals and oxygen, sulfur, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen, computed from first-principles, but we have moreover discovered a linear correlation between the bond energy for any optimal catalyst, and the absolute value of the standard enthalpy of the limiting elementary step gas phase analog for the corresponding reaction. We propose a simple quantitative model to explain this universality: it should accelerate in silico discovery of catalysts, involving earth-abundant elements, for crucial reactions in the production and conversion of solar fuels.
<title>Current spreading in apertured vertical-cavity lasers</title> (1997)

Scaling of the threshold current density in apertured vertical cavity lasers is limited by scattering losses, current spreading, and carrier diffusion. We consider the contributions of all three effects, but focus on current spreading. We analyze a vertical cavity laser (VCL) with low scattering losses so the scaling of the threshold current density is dominated by current spreading under the aperture. We show that a simple analytic estimate (appropriate for circular geometry) for the increase in threshold matches experimental data extremely well without any fitting parameters. One can also conveniently apply the estimate of current spreading to VCLs with double apertures or multiple layers of different resistivities. We also show that current spreading should only negligibly reduce the differential efficiency as implied by experiment.
Ergodic secrecy sum rate for multiuser MIMO downlink systems using block diagonalization (2016)

To date, the achievable ergodic secrecy sum rate has been studied for multiuser MIMO downlink systems with single-antenna receivers only. In this paper, we study multiuser MIMO downlink systems with multiple-antenna receivers and an external single-antenna eavesdropper to be kept ignorant of the transmitted messages. We adopt the block diagonalization technique at the transmitter to remove inter-user interference, and derive closed-form expressions of the achievable rate for the intended users and the information leakage rate for the eavesdropper. Furthermore, we analyze asymptotic characteristics of the ergodic secrecy sum rate for the system in the high and low SNR regime, and obtain a tight lower bound in the regime of large transmit and receive antennas. Finally, numerical results validate the accuracy of the theoretical analysis.
PCR detection of pathogenic Leptospira genomospecies targeting putative transcriptional regulator genes (2006)

The genus Leptospira comprises multiple genomospecies that demonstrate varied pathogenic potential. The availability of rapid and precise diagnostic procedures to differentiate pathogenic from nonpathogenic Leptospira spp. is therefore essential to prevent an otherwise easily treatable malaise from developing into a life-threatening disease. In this report, we conducted an investigation on the diagnostic potential of Leptospira genes encoding putative transcriptional regulators. While PCR primers derived from transcriptional regulator gene la1137 recognized all 24 pathogenic Leptospira strains representing seven species, those from la1937, la3231, la3825, and la4130 detected 19 of the 24 Leptospira strains. However, none of these primers reacted with four nonpathogenic Leptospira species or other common bacteria. The putative transcriptional regulator genes la1137, la1937, la3231, la3825, and la4130 are present in pathogenic Leptospira strains, making them potential targets for diagnostic applications. Further characterization of these genes and their proteins may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of leptospiral virulence and pathogenicity and pave the way for potential development of novel control strategies against leptospirosis.
Towards next generation antisense oligonucleotides: mesylphosphoramidate modification improves therapeutic index and duration of effect of gapmer antisense oligonucleotides (2021)

The PS modification enhances the nuclease stability and protein binding properties of gapmer antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and is one of very few modifications that support RNaseH1 activity. We evaluated the effect of introducing stereorandom and chiral mesyl-phosphoramidate (MsPA) linkages in the DNA gap and flanks of gapmer PS ASOs and characterized the effect of these linkages on RNA-binding, nuclease stability, protein binding, pro-inflammatory profile, antisense activity and toxicity in cells and in mice. We show that all PS linkages in a gapmer ASO can be replaced with MsPA without compromising chemical stability and RNA binding affinity but these designs reduced activity. However, replacing up to 5 PS in the gap with MsPA was well tolerated and replacing specific PS linkages at appropriate locations was able to greatly reduce both immune stimulation and cytotoxicity. The improved nuclease stability of MsPA over PS translated to significant improvement in the duration of ASO action in mice which was comparable to that of enhanced stabilized siRNA designs. Our work highlights the combination of PS and MsPA linkages as a next generation chemical platform for identifying ASO drugs with improved potency and therapeutic index, reduced pro-inflammatory effects and extended duration of effect.
LTRT: An efficient and reliable topology control algorithm for ad-hoc networks (2009)

Broadcasting, in the context of ad-hoc networks, is a costly operation, and thus topology control has been proposed to achieve efficient broadcasting with low interference and low energy consumption. By topology control, each node optimizes its transmission power by maintaining network connectivity in a localized manner. Local Minimum Spanning Tree (LMST) is the state-of-the-art topology control algorithm, which has been proven to provide satisfactory performance. However, LMST almost always results in a 1-connected network, without redundancy to tolerate external factors. In this paper, we propose Local Tree-based Reliable Topology (LTRT), which is mathematically proven to guarantee k-edge connectivity while preserving the features of LMST. LTRT can be easily constructed with a low computational complexity of O(k(m + n log n)), where k is the connectivity of the resulting topology, n is the number of neighboring nodes, and m is the number of edges. Simulation results have demonstrated the efficiency of LTRT and its superiority over other localized algorithms.