gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of ErbB2 in the Signaling Pathway Leading to Cell Cycle Progression from a Truncated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Lacking the C-terminal Autophosphorylation Sites (1996)

To investigate the mechanisms underlying the enhanced mitogenic activity of the truncated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) lacking the C-terminal autophosphorylation sites (Delta973-EGFR), we studied the intracellular signaling pathways in NR6 cells expressing human wild type EGFR and Delta973-EGFR. Microinjection of dominant/negative p21ras(N17) completely inhibited EGF-induced DNA synthesis in both cell types. EGF stimulated Shc phosphorylation as well as the formation of wild type EGFR.Shc complexes. In contrast, EGF stimulated Shc phosphorylation without formation of Delta973-EGFR.Shc complexes. Tyrosine-phosphorylated Shc formed complexes with Grb2.Sos, and microinjection of anti-Shc antibody and Shc-SH2 GST fusion protein inhibited EGF stimulation of DNA synthesis in both cell lines. EGF markedly increased ErbB2 tyrosine phosphorylation in wild type EGFR cells. In Delta973-EGFR cells, ErbB2 was tyrosine phosphorylated in the basal state and EGFR stimulated further phosphorylation of ErbB2. In addition to ErbB2, additional proteins were tyrosine phosphorylated in Delta973-EGFR cells, mostly in the molecular mass range of 120 170 kDa. Taken together with our findings indicating coupling of ErbB2 to Shc, these data suggest the importance of an alternative signaling pathway in Delta973-EGFR cells mediated by the formation of heterodimeric structures between the truncated EGFR and ErbB2, followed by coupling through Shc to Grb2.Sos and the p21ras pathway, ultimately leading to mitogenesis.
A Framework to Securing RFID Transmissions by Varying Transmitted Reader's Power (2013)

RFID technology has gained tremendous popularity in the recent years. The tiny, inexpensive RFID tags can be easily attached to objects for seamless identification. However, one glaring weakness of RFID tags, especially passive RFID tags is its lack of capability for implementing strong crypto primitives for security purposes. When no or a weak crypto primitive is implemented, the adversary could easily eavesdrop to the communication session between the reader and the tag, he can potentially gain all the secrets about the tag. In doing so, the secrecy of the messages and the privacy of the tag is violated. In this paper, we introduce a new framework that would protect the messages transmitted from the tag to the reader. This framework makes use of the physical properties of RFID systems by sending a random time-varying waveform from the tag to the reader for power harvesting rather than a fixed amplitude waveform. We show theoretically this framework is secure against one eavesdropper by showing the eavesdropper's decoding error probability is very close to 50%. Furthermore, we have implemented our framework, the experimental results also confirm with our theoretical results. Finally, we will discuss two more stronger forms of attack.
Enhancing performance characteristics of organic semiconducting films by improved solution processing (2023)

Improved processing methods for enhanced properties of conjugated polymer films are disclosed, as well as the enhanced conjugated polymer films produced thereby. Addition of low molecular weight alkyl-containing molecules to solutions used to form conjugated polymer films leads to improved photoconductivity and improvements in other electronic properties. The enhanced conjugated polymer films can be used in a variety of electronic devices, such as solar cells and photodiodes.
Anthropology, development and ICTs (2012)

In this paper we present results from an anthropological study of everyday mobile internet adoption among teenagers in a low-income urban setting. We attempt to use this study to explore how information about everyday ICT use may be relevant for development research even if it is largely dominated by entertainment uses. To understand how ICT tools are used, we need to study the spaces users inhabit, even if these spaces are dominated by mundane, non-instrumental and entertainment-driven needs. The key here is for ICTD discourse to situate insights from anthropological studies (such as this one) within an understanding of what drives a specific user population to adopt technologies in particular ways. Clearly there is a link between context and use, and understanding this may be invaluable for development research. Adopting a narrow development lens of technology use may miss the actual engagements and ingenious strategies marginal populations use to instate technologies into their everyday.
Synthese neuer Biladien‐a,c‐Derivate und ihre Cyclisierung zu Uroporphyrin‐III‐, 12‐Descarboxyuroporphyrin‐III‐ und Phyriaporphyrin‐III‐methylestern1) (1976)

Abstract Mit Hilfe herkömmlicher Methoden sind fünfzehn Biladien‐a,c‐Derivate dargestellt worden, deren Substitutionsmuster denjenigen des vom biologischen Standpunkt aus interessanten Uroporphyrins 111, 12‐Descarboxyuroporphyrins 111 oder Phyriaporphyrins 111 entsprechen. Die Schlüsselverbindungen für die durchgeführten Synthesen stellen die Dipyrrylmethanderivate 3a1 und 3a2 sowie 3b2 dar. Ein besonderer Vorzug der Dipyrrylmethane 3a1 und 3a2 besteht darin, daß die α‐ständigen Benzyl‐ und tert‐Butylestergruppen jeweils selektiv und unter Erhaltung der Methylestergruppen an den Seitenketten gespalten werden können. Dadurch ist die Synthese völlig unsymmetrisch substituierter Biladien‐a,c‐Derivate durch sukzessive Reaktion der entsprechenden a‐unsubstituierten Dipyrrylmethane 3c1 und 3C2 und der Tripyrrene 5a und 5b mit geeigneten Pyrrolaldehyden möglich. Biladien‐a,c‐1,19‐dicarbonsäureester wurden im Gegensatz zu entsprechenden Derivaten mit Alkylgruppen sowie Wasserstoff‐ oder Jodatomen an den Positionen C‐1 und C‐19, die stets als kristalline Dihydrobromide gehandhabt wurden, in die entsprechenden freien Basen, die als Bilatriene zu formulieren sind, übergeführt und als solche chromatographisch gereinigt. Die Konstitutionen der dargestellten Produkte konnten aufgrund analytischer ‐ insbesondere spektroskopischer ‐ Daten nachgewiesen werden. Die Derivate 6a‐6e wurden mit Hilfe bekannter Methoden in die entsprechenden Porphyrine übergeführt, die mit von anderen Autoren erhaltenen Präparaten identifiziert wurden.
Short-term alpha- or gamma-delta-enriched tocopherol oil supplementation differentially affects the expression of proinflammatory mediators: selective impacts on characteristics of protein tyrosine nitration in vivo (2013)

While vitamin E has been used for decades in cattle diets, the principle form used traditionally is the synthetic α-isoform acetate or succinate and largely no data exist on the biological partitioning or functionality of the major naturally occurring γ- and δ-isoforms in cattle. Using tyrosine 3’-nitrated protein (pNT) as a biomarker of nitrosative cell stress, we sought to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term feeding supplementation of high content natural α-tocopherol (α-T, 96% α-isomer) compared to high content γ- and δ-enriched low α-content mixed tocopherol oils (γ-T, ~70% γ-, 20% δ-, &lt;5% α-isoform) to mitigate systemic and hepatic aspects of the proinflammatory response to endotoxin (LPS). Calves fed diets supplemented with α-T, γ-T for five days or no tocopherol supplement (T0E) were challenged with a low-level of LPS (0.25 μg/kg, iv, E. coli 055:B5) sufficient to effect a liver nitration response. As fed, α-T or γ-T increased plasma and liver content of the respective tocopherols reflecting their relative abundance in the respective diets. Plasma or tissue mediators and biomarkers of the proinflammatory response [plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, P&lt;0.001), nitrate+nitrite (NOx, P&lt;0.01), and serum amyloid A (SAA, P&lt;0.001)], and general liver content of pNT (P&lt;0.005) increased after LPS. LPS-mediated increases in TNF-α were not dif- ferent between diet treatments; both plasma NOx (P&lt;0.05) and generalized liver pNT (P&lt;0.03) responses were attenuated significantly in α-T and γ-T versus T0E calves. Plasma SAA was significantly decreased in γ-T calves at 24 h post-LPS relative to responses in α-T or T0E calves. The nitration of the mitochondrial proteins 24 h post-LPS was not only attenuated in α-T and γ-T vs T0E, but also the mitigating effect of γ-T on these specific nitration events was greater than that of α-T (P&lt;0.01). Results are consistent with the concept that short-term α-T or γ-T supplementation can effectively decrease proinflammatory liver pNT after LPS; some mitochondrial nitration targets may be better protected with prophylactic supplementation with γ-,δ-tocopherol enriched oil.
Word Aversion: Why people dislike moist more than moose, but not as much as merts (2021)

Moist is a common example of a word that triggers aversion or disgust responses in many people. Word aversion presents a novel opportunity to empirically study the link between linguistic features (phonology, semantics) and emotional response. In the present study, we (1) determine the prevalence and extent of aversions to specific words in a large cohort, (2) examine phonological predictors of emotional response in word aversion, and (3) test the effect of phonological-emotional mapping on processing in an object-labeling paradigm. Across 244 participants, individuals tended to rate a subset of commonly self-reported aversive words (e.g. slacks) as more aversive than matched control words. However, participants reported even stronger aversions to nonsense words, suggesting that familiarity may moderate the experience of word aversion. Results also suggest that word-averse individuals make associations between phonology and meaning more readily.
Advanced Stormwater Skimmer with No Moving Parts (2016)

Sediment-laden runoff is the primary pollutant in many watersheds, so sediment basins are commonly used to remove sediment before it leaves the site. In fact, for construction sites such basins are often required by statute. Sediment basins are usually drained by perforated vertical risers and more recently by floating skimmers. Whereas a traditional riser discharges primarily from its lower orifices because of the higher heads that exist at greater depths, skimmers drain the cleaner water at the top of the water column, thereby increasing sediment retention. The authors have developed an alternative solid state skimmer (given the moniker “solid state” because it has no moving parts) that provides a similar skimming function, but also provides the additional benefits of varying flow rate with head and serving as its own principal spillway. The solid state skimmer is comprised of two concentric vertical risers. Columns of orifices cut into each riser act in series such that the flow into the outer riser is always dominated by flow through the uppermost wetted orifices, enabling skimming of water from a basin for the purpose of increasing sediment retention.
Microstructure and morphology of polyphenylacetylene prepared in compressed carbon dioxide (2001)

Polyphenylacetylene was prepared by transition metal catalysis in compressed (liquid and supercritical) CO2. Surface morphology, IR and NMR spectroscopic properties of the resulting materials are discussed in terms of the microstructure of polymers. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of P2 auditory-evoked responses by the spectral complexity of musical sounds (2005)

We investigated whether N1 and P2 auditory-evoked responses are modulated by the spectral complexity of musical sounds in pianists and non-musicians. Study participants were presented with three variants of a C4 piano tone equated for temporal envelope but differing in the number of harmonics contained in the stimulus. A fourth tone was a pure tone matched to the fundamental frequency of the piano tones. A simultaneous electroencephalographic/magnetoencephalographic recording was made. P2 amplitude was larger in musicians and increased with spectral complexity preferentially in this group, but N1 did not. The results suggest that P2 reflects the specific features of acoustic stimuli experienced during musical practice and point to functional differences in P2 and N1 that relate to their underlying mechanisms.
Applause Sound Detection (2011)

A comprehensive investigation of the detection of applause sounds in audio signals is presented. It focuses on the processing of single-channel recordings in real time with low latency. Of particular concern are the intensity of the applause within the sound mixture and the influence of interfering sounds on the recognition performance, which is investigated experimentally. Various feature sets, feature processings, and classification methods are compared. Low-pass filtering of the feature time series leads to the concept of sigma features and yields further improvement of the detection result.
Immune correlates of protection by mRNA-1273 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates (2021)

Immune correlates of protection can be used as surrogate endpoints for vaccine efficacy. Here, nonhuman primates (NHPs) received either no vaccine or doses ranging from 0.3 to 100 μg of the mRNA-1273 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. mRNA-1273 vaccination elicited circulating and mucosal antibody responses in a dose-dependent manner. Viral replication was significantly reduced in bronchoalveolar lavages and nasal swabs after SARS-CoV-2 challenge in vaccinated animals and most strongly correlated with levels of anti–S antibody and neutralizing activity. Lower antibody levels were needed for reduction of viral replication in the lower airway than in the upper airway. Passive transfer of mRNA-1273–induced immunoglobulin G to naïve hamsters was sufficient to mediate protection. Thus, mRNA-1273 vaccine–induced humoral immune responses are a mechanistic correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in NHPs.
Quantifying concordant genetic effects of de novo mutations on multiple disorders (2022)

Exome sequencing on tens of thousands of parent-proband trios has identified numerous deleterious de novo mutations (DNMs) and implicated risk genes for many disorders. Recent studies have suggested shared genes and pathways are enriched for DNMs across multiple disorders. However, existing analytic strategies only focus on genes that reach statistical significance for multiple disorders and require large trio samples in each study. As a result, these methods are not able to characterize the full landscape of genetic sharing due to polygenicity and incomplete penetrance. In this work, we introduce EncoreDNM, a novel statistical framework to quantify shared genetic effects between two disorders characterized by concordant enrichment of DNMs in the exome. EncoreDNM makes use of exome-wide, summary-level DNM data, including genes that do not reach statistical significance in single-disorder analysis, to evaluate the overall and annotation-partitioned genetic sharing between two disorders. Applying EncoreDNM to DNM data of nine disorders, we identified abundant pairwise enrichment correlations, especially in genes intolerant to pathogenic mutations and genes highly expressed in fetal tissues. These results suggest that EncoreDNM improves current analytic approaches and may have broad applications in DNM studies.
Tissue culture conditions determine the effects of estrogen and growth factors on the anchorage independent growth of human breast cancer cell lines (1991)

We determined the effects of epidermal growth factor, insulin-like-growth-factor-1 and estradiol on the anchorage independent growth of the estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T-47D. In serum free conditions growth factors but not estrogen induced a dose dependent stimulation of growth in both cell lines. The ability of estrogen to induce colony formation of early passage MCF7 cells (less than 100) was strictly correlated to the concentration of sulfatase and charcoal treated calf serum (CCS) with a maximal effect at a concentration of 5% CCS and 10 nM estradiol. CCS alone had no stimulatory effect on the anchorage independent growth of early passage MCF7 cells, but increased colony formation in late passage (greater than 1000) MCF7 and T-47D cells. The growth of late passage MCF7 cells was inhibited by antiestrogen. Thus, the presence of serum components is necessary for the effect of estrogen but not for the effects of growth factors on the anchorage independent growth of estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer cell lines; after a prolonged period of tissue culture serum components switch their function from indirectly modulating estrogen effects to directly stimulating growth in the absence of estrogen.
Fungal antisporulant activity of a complex lipid fraction extracted from pea seeds (1975)

A substance was isolated from dry whole pea seeds (Pisum sativum 'Alaska') that inhibited sporulation, but not growth, of Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus ruber, Ascochyta pisi, Phyllosticta antirrhini, Rhizoctonia solani, Nectria haematococca var. cucurbitae, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi race 2. The substance had no effect on sporulation or growth of Aphanomyces euteiches. The mean effective dose (ED 50 ) of the partially purified material was 30 μg/ml when tested against Alternaria alternata. The partially purified substance was soluble in petroleum ether, chloroform, and hexane but formed an emulsion in water. The partially purified material contained amino acids, lipids, phosphorus, and carbohydrate. Its molecular weight was in excess of 14 000. These properties indicate that it is a complex lipid with properties similar to many proteolipids.
Packet Switching in Quantum Networks: A Path to Quantum Internet (2022)

Large-scale quantum networks with thousands of nodes require scalable network protocols and physical hardware to realize. In this work, we introduce packet switching as a new paradigm for quantum data transmission in both future and near-term quantum networks. We propose a classical-quantum data frame structure and explore methods of frame generation and processing. Further, we present conceptual designs for a quantum reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer to realize the proposed transmission scheme. Packet switching allows for a universal design for a next generation Internet where classical and quantum data share the same network protocols and infrastructure. In this new quantum networking paradigm, entanglement distribution, as with quantum key distribution, is an application built on top of the quantum network rather than as a network designed especially for those purposes. For analysis of the network model, we simulate the feasibility of quantum packet switching for some preliminary models of quantum key and entanglement distribution. Finally, we discuss how our model can be integrated with other network models toward a realization of a quantum Internet.
Effect of intentional p-GaN surface roughening on the performance of InGaN/GaN solar cells (2013)

The effect of intentional p-GaN surface roughening on the performance of c-plane InGaN/GaN solar cells was investigated. Surface roughness was introduced by growing the p-GaN at a relatively high rate and low temperature which resulted in a faceted surface with a high density of V-defects. Increasing the surface roughness led to a 69.4% increase in short circuit current density. Similar surface roughening techniques should also be applicable for increasing the extraction efficiency of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes.
[Chemotherapy of small cell bronchial cancers. Prognostic importance of complete response (1,280 patients). Groupe Petites Cellules]. (1995)

For patients with small cell lung carcinoma, the prognostic value of early response to chemotherapy suggests that high-doses should be used starting at the first session.
Shipboard Fault Detection Through Nonintrusive Load Monitoring: A Case Study (2018)

As crew sizes aboard maritime vessels shrink in efforts to reduce operational costs, ship operators increasingly rely on advanced monitoring systems to ensure proper operation of shipboard equipment. The nonintrusive load monitor (NILM) is an inexpensive, robust, and easy to install system useful for this task. NILMs measure power data at centralized locations in ship electric grids and disaggregate power draws of individual electric loads. This data contains information related to the health of shipboard equipment. We present a NILM-based framework for performing fault detection and isolation, with a particular emphasis on systems employing closed-loop hysteresis control. Such controllers can mask component faults, eventually leading to damaging system failure. The NILM system uses a neural network for load disaggregation and calculates operational metrics related to machinery health. We demonstrate the framework’s effectiveness using data collected from two NILMs installed aboard a U.S. Coast Guard cutter. The NILMs accurately disaggregate loads, and the diagnostic metrics provide easy distinction of several faults in the gray water disposal system. Early detection of such faults prevents costly wear and avoids catastrophic failures.
Advances in the development of farnesyltransferase inhibitors: Substrate recognition by protein farnesyltransferase (1997)

A variety of compounds that show promise in cancer chemotherapy and chemoprevention have been identified as farnesyltransferase inhibitors. These can be classified into mainly two different types of inhibitors, farnesyl diphosphate competitors and CAAX peptidomimetics. The former type acts by competitively inhibiting farnesyltransferase with respect to one of the substrates, farnesyl diphosphate, whereas the latter type acts by mimicking the other substrate, the C-terminal CAAX motif of Ras protein. One example of a farnesyl diphosphate competitor is manumycin, an antibiotic detected in the culture media of a Streptomyces strain. The CAAX peptidomimetics were developed based on the unique property of farnesyltransferase to recognize the CAAX motif at the C-terminus of the protein substrate. Our recent studies have focused on understanding the structural basis of this CAAX recognition. By using in vitro mutagenesis, residues of yeast farnesyltransferase important for the recognition of the CAAX motif have been identified. Two of these residues are closely located at the C-terminal region of the β-subunit of farnesyltransferase. These and other results on the structural basis of the CAAX recognition may provide information valuable for structure-based design of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 27:12–19. Published 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
X-Linked Retinoschisis With Point Mutations in the XLRS1 Gene (2000)

Identification of mutations in the XLRS1 gene and expanded information on clinical manifestations will facilitate early diagnosis, appropriate early therapy, and genetic counseling regarding the prognosis of XLRS.
Molecular design featuring carbazole-decorated 15H-diindolo[2,3-b:1′,2′,3′-lm]carbazole for improved efficiency and lifetime of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters (2020)

In this report, we developed a novel electron donor named 12-(9-phenyl-9<italic>H</italic>-carbazol-3-yl)-15<italic>H</italic>-diindolo[2,3-b:1′,2′,3′-<italic>lm</italic>]carbazole (<bold>CzDICz</bold>) for efficient TADF emitters with long operational lifetime.
Cyclic Fatigue-Crack Growth in Grain Bridging Ceramics (1993)

Cyclic fatigue degradation is contemplated in polycrystalline ceramics exhibiting grain bridging as the principle toughening mechanism. A frictional-wear mechanism based on repetitive sliding wear degradation of frictional grain bridges is discussed. A micromechanical model is developed which provides an insight into the effects of salient mechanical and microstructural variables such as wear rate at the grain/matrix interface and initial residual stress of bridging grains, on fatigue-crack growth behavior. Results of the analysis are compared to experimentally observed fatigue-crack growth rates in coarse grained alumina and silicon nitride.