gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonparametric Two-Sample Comparisons of Changes on Ordinal Responses (1999)

Abstract We discuss two-armed clinical trials in which an ordinal response is observed on entry and at follow-up. In certain subject areas, such data are often reduced to the counts of patients who have deteriorated, remained the same, or improved. We develop asymptotic distribution theory to compare this approach to the use of nonparametric tests based on poststratification of the follow-up responses according to the entry levels. The theory for the latter approach is established by a general result for two-sample U statistics based on bivariate data. Application to data from clinical trials and evaluation of asymptotic relative efficiencies and powers for a variety of contexts illustrate the increased sensitivity of poststratified Wilcoxon tests.
Effects of aspect ratio on the hydrodynamics of a self-propelled flexible plate near the ground (2022)

The hydrodynamics of a three-dimensional self-propelled flexible plate near the ground was explored using the penalty immersed boundary method. A self-propelled flexible plate was realized by enforcing a prescribed harmonic oscillation in the vertical direction but allowing the plate to move freely in the horizontal direction. The gap distance (g) from the ground is a key parameter governing the propulsive performance. A strong vortex is generated by interaction of the plate with the ground, which leads to an increase in the cruising speed. For comparison, two-dimensional simulations near the ground were also performed. The aspect ratio (AR=L/W) affects the cruising performance, where L and W are the length and width of the plate, respectively. Vortical structures (ωx and ωz) were visualized to characterize the effects of the AR and g on the performance of a self-propelled flexible plate. The cruising speed near the ground was 49.4% greater than the cruising speed far from the ground for AR = 2.0. A scaling relation was formulated to represent the effects of the AR and g on the locomotion of a self-propelled flexible plate.
Observation and characteristics of mechanical vibration in three-dimensional nanostructures and pillars grown by focused ion beam chemical vapor deposition (2001)

The Young’s modulus of diamond-like carbon (DLC) pillars was measured by means of mechanical vibration using scanning electron microscopy. The DLC pillars were grown using Ga+ focused ion beam-induced chemical vapor deposition with a precursor of phenanthrene vapor. The Young’s modulus of the DLC pillars was around 100 GPa at vapor pressure of 5×10−5 Pa and it had a quality (Q) value of resonance exceeding 1200. There seemed to be a balance between the DLC growth rate and surface bombardment by the ions, and this played an important role in the stiffness of the pillars. Some of the DLC pillars showed a very large Young’s modulus over 600 GPa at low gas pressure conditions.
On Automating the Doctrine of Double Effect (2017)

The doctrine of double effect ($\mathcal{DDE}$) is a long-studied ethical principle that governs when actions that have both positive and negative effects are to be allowed. The goal in this paper is to automate $\mathcal{DDE}$. We briefly present $\mathcal{DDE}$, and use a first-order modal logic, the deontic cognitive event calculus, as our framework to formalize the doctrine. We present formalizations of increasingly stronger versions of the principle, including what is known as the doctrine of triple effect. We then use our framework to simulate successfully scenarios that have been used to test for the presence of the principle in human subjects. Our framework can be used in two different modes: One can use it to build $\mathcal{DDE}$-compliant autonomous systems from scratch, or one can use it to verify that a given AI system is $\mathcal{DDE}$-compliant, by applying a $\mathcal{DDE}$ layer on an existing system or model. For the latter mode, the underlying AI system can be built using any architecture (planners, deep neural networks, bayesian networks, knowledge-representation systems, or a hybrid); as long as the system exposes a few parameters in its model, such verification is possible. The role of the $\mathcal{DDE}$ layer here is akin to a (dynamic or static) software verifier that examines existing software modules. Finally, we end by presenting initial work on how one can apply our $\mathcal{DDE}$ layer to the STRIPS-style planning model, and to a modified POMDP model.This is preliminary work to illustrate the feasibility of the second mode, and we hope that our initial sketches can be useful for other researchers in incorporating DDE in their own frameworks.
Region of Interest focused MRI to Synthetic CT Translation using Regression and Classification Multi-task Network (2022)

In this work, we present a method for synthetic CT (sCT) generation from zero-echo-time (ZTE) MRI aimed at structural and quantitative accuracies of the image, with a particular focus on the accurate bone density value prediction. We propose a loss function that favors a spatially sparse region in the image. We harness the ability of a multi-task network to produce correlated outputs as a framework to enable localisation of region of interest (RoI) via classification, emphasize regression of values within RoI and still retain the overall accuracy via global regression. The network is optimized by a composite loss function that combines a dedicated loss from each task. We demonstrate how the multi-task network with RoI focused loss offers an advantage over other configurations of the network to achieve higher accuracy of performance. This is relevant to sCT where failure to accurately estimate high Hounsfield Unit values of bone could lead to impaired accuracy in clinical applications. We compare the dose calculation maps from the proposed sCT and the real CT in a radiation therapy treatment planning setup.
An application of discriminative feature extraction to filter-bank-based speech recognition (2001)

A pattern recognizer is usually a modular system which consists of a feature extractor module and a classifier module. Traditionally, these two modules have been designed separately, which may not result in an optimal recognition accuracy. To alleviate this fundamental problem, the authors have developed a design method, named discriminative feature extraction (DFE), that enables one to design the overall recognizer, i.e., both the feature extractor and the classifier, in a manner consistent with the objective of minimizing recognition errors. This paper investigates the application of this method to designing a speech recognizer that consists of a filter-hank feature extractor and a multi-prototype distance classifier. Carefully investigated experiments demonstrate that DFE achieves the design of a better recognizer and provides an innovative recognition-oriented analysis of the filter-bank, as an alternative to conventional analysis based on psychoacoustic expertise or heuristics.
SMA: A System-Level Mutual Authentication for Protecting Electronic Hardware and Firmware (2016)

Due to the enhanced capability of adversaries, electronic systems are now increasingly vulnerable to counterfeiting and piracy. The majority of counterfeit systems today are of cloned type, which have been on the rise in the recent years. Ensuring the security of such systems is of great concern as an adversary can create a backdoor or insert a malware to bypass security modules. The reliability of such systems could also be questionable as the components used in these systems may be counterfeit and/or of inferior quality. It is of prime importance to develop solutions that can prevent an adversary from creating these non-authentic systems. In this paper, we present a novel system-level mutual authentication approach for both the hardware and firmware. The hardware authenticates the firmware by verifying the checksum during the power-up. On the other hand, firmware verifies the identity of the hardware and cannot produce correct results unless it receives a unique hardware fingerprint, which we call as system ID. We propose two secure protocols, TIDP and TIDS, to construct the system ID and authenticate the system by using this unique ID. We show that our approach is resistant to various known attacks.
Detection of thermal and acoustic transients in materials using heterodyned EUV radiation (2004)

Nonlinearoptical photoacoustic techniques have been extended from the visible to the EUV using high harmonics for the first time. This will enable measurements of thermal and acoustic transients in materials with sub-100nm spatial resolution.
Multi-Branch Matching Pursuit with applications to MIMO radar (2013)

We present an algorithm, dubbed Multi-Branch Matching Pursuit (MBMP), to solve the sparse recovery problem over redundant dictionaries. MBMP combines three different paradigms: being a greedy method, it performs iterative signal support estimation; as a rank-aware method, it is able to exploit signal subspace information when multiple snapshots are available; and, as its name foretells, it leverages a multi-branch (i.e., tree-search) strategy that allows us to trade-off hardware complexity (e.g. measurements) for computational complexity. We derive a sufficient condition under which MBMP can recover a sparse signal from noiseless measurements. This condition, named MB-coherence, is met when the dictionary is sufficiently incoherent. It incorporates the number of branches of MBMP and it requires fewer measurements than other conditions (e.g. the Neuman ERC or the cumulative coherence). As such, successful recovery with MBMP is guaranteed for dictionaries that do not satisfy previously known conditions.
Preface to 3D Reconstruction and Understanding with Video and Sound (2015)

This is the preface for the workshop proceedings.
Industrial Low noise tunable integrated semiconductor laser: Dynamic instability and route to single frequency operation (2019)

Laser technology is finding applications in areas such as high resolution spectroscopy, radar-lidar, velocimetry, or atomic clock where highly coherent tunable high power light sources are required. Offering such performances in the Near- and Middle-IR range, GaAs- and Sb-based Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VeCSEL) technologies [1] seem to be a well suited path to meet the required specifications of demanding applications. Here, we report on the realization of industry ready packaged low noise single frequency VeCSEL devices emitting in the 0.8-1.1 µm and 2-2.5 µm spectral range with high performances thanks to a combination of power-coherence-wavelength tunability and compactness. A fundamental study of the non-linear multimode laser dynamics was carried out to avoid dynamic phase-amplitude instability. We demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically the existence of a deterministic dynamics of the laser field, with either a regular multimode non-stationary regime, or a route to robust single frequency operation. Integration of flat photonics technology allows the realization of devices emitting new coherent light states (VORTEX or dual frequency lasers) for applications to optical tweezers or THz emission, for instance.
In Situ Formation of Nanoparticle Titanium Carbide/Nitride Shaped Ceramics from Meltable Precursor Composition (2014)

A new synthetic method has been developed for the in situ formation of TiC and TiN nanoparticles in a shaped solid from a meltable precursor composition. The reactants are titanium hydride (TiH2) and 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(phenylethynyl)benzene (TPEB), which interact above 600 °C to form TiC and TiN nanoparticles in the presence of argon and nitrogen, respectively. When the compacted powdered precursor composition is heated above 200 °C, the acetylenic units of TPEB react forming a networked polymer with the TiH2 homogeneously dispersed in the confines of the thermoset. During the carbonization process of 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(phenylethynyl)benzene, the carbon atom migrate into the interstitial space of the Ti lattice, resulting in stoichiometric TiC being formed. The novel reaction yields shaped solids of nanoparticle ceramics.
Predicting progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease on an individual subject basis by applying the CARE index across different independent cohorts (2019)

The purposes of this study are to investigate whether the Characterizing Alzheimer’s disease Risk Events (CARE) index can accurately predict progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) on an individual subject basis, and to investigate whether this model can be generalized to an independent cohort. Using an event-based probabilistic model approach to integrate widely available biomarkers from behavioral data and brain structural and functional imaging, we calculated the CARE index. We then applied the CARE index to identify which MCI individuals from the ADNI dataset progressed to AD during a three-year follow-up period. Subsequently, the CARE index was generalized to the prediction of MCI individuals from an independent Nanjing Aging and Dementia Study (NADS) dataset during the same time period. The CARE index achieved high prediction performance with 80.4% accuracy, 75% sensitivity, 82% specificity, and 0.809 area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) on MCI subjects from the ADNI dataset over three years, and a highly validated prediction performance with 87.5% accuracy, 81% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 0.861 AUC on MCI subjects from the NADS dataset. In conclusion, the CARE index is highly accurate, sufficiently robust, and generalized for predicting which MCI individuals will develop AD over a three-year period. This suggests that the CARE index can be usefully applied to select individuals with MCI for clinical trials and to identify which individuals will convert from MCI to AD for administration of early disease-modifying treatment.
Electrical double layers and differential capacitance in molten salts from density functional theory (2014)

Classical density functional theory (DFT) is used to calculate the structure of the electrical double layer and the differential capacitance of model molten salts. The DFT is shown to give good qualitative agreement with Monte Carlo simulations in the molten salt regime. The DFT is then applied to three common molten salts, KCl, LiCl, and LiKCl, modeled as charged hard spheres near a planar charged surface. The DFT predicts strong layering of the ions near the surface, with the oscillatory density profiles extending to larger distances for larger electrostatic interactions resulting from either lower temperature or lower dielectric constant. Overall the differential capacitance is found to be bell-shaped, in agreement with recent theories and simulations for ionic liquids and molten salts, but contrary to the results of the classical Gouy-Chapman theory.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Laundry Detergents with Regard to Time and Temperature in Domestic Washing Machines (2016)

Abstract In times of low-temperature washing, laundry hygiene gains importance, as microbial contaminations on textiles can cause infection transmission and malodour formation. This study systematically investigated the antimicrobial effect of laundry detergents (solid and liquid market detergents) with regard to time and temperature in domestic washing machines. To evaluate the microbial reduction, cotton swatches contaminated with Staph. aureus, Ent. hirae, Ps. aeruginosa, C. albicans and T. mentagrophytes were washed at 20 to 60 °C, varying the washing time, with and without detergent. All tested washing factors affected the antimicrobial effect of to a varying extend, depending on the germ. The used solid market detergent containing activated oxygen bleach provided a way to achieve high microbial reductions in low temperature washing.
Developmental analysis and subcellular localization of the murine homologue of  ELL (1997)

The ELL gene was first identified by its involvement with MLL in the translocation (11;19)(q23;p13.1) in acute myeloid leukemia. To date, nine other MLL partner genes have been cloned, but their precise functions have yet to be determined. To characterize the functions of ELL further, we have cloned the murine homologue of ELL and have found that the gene is highly conserved at the nucleotide and amino acid level. The open reading frame of the murine homologue contains 602 aa, slightly smaller than the 621 aa in the human gene. With Northern blot analysis, a 3.4-kb transcript is detected in all tissues examined with greatest levels of expression in the liver. Unlike human ELL, only a single transcript can be detected with either murine coding sequence or 3' untranslated region probes. To examine the spatial and temporal pattern of expression in murine development, in situ hybridization studies were performed with sense and antisense riboprobes from the 3' untranslated region of murine Ell. Ell is expressed diffusely by embryonic day 7.5 (E7.5). In addition, high levels of expression can be detected in maternally derived decidual tissue. At E14.5, Ell is expressed diffusely throughout the embryo. However by E16.5, specific expression in the liver and gastrointestinal tract becomes prominent and remains so in both neonates and adults. To determine the subcellular localization of ELL, we developed a polyclonal antiserum to ELL that was used for immunofluorescence studies in COS-7, HeLa, NIH 3T3, and A7r5 cells. The ELL protein was localized to the nucleus but excluded from nucleoli in all cell lines examined. Recently, the gene product of ELL was found to function as an RNA polymerase II elongation factor, an activity that is consistent with our immunofluorescence data. Thus, these studies extend our understanding of the normal functions of ELL and provide additional insight into its aberrant function when fused to MLL in acute myeloid leukemia.
Correction: Topological and Functional Characterization of an Insect Gustatory Receptor (2011)

Insect gustatory receptors are predicted to have a seven-transmembrane structure and are distantly related to insect olfactory receptors, which have an inverted topology compared with G-protein coupled receptors, including mammalian olfactory receptors. In contrast, the topology of insect gustatory receptors remains unknown. Except for a few examples from Drosophila, the specificity of individual insect gustatory receptors is also unknown. In this study, the total number of identified gustatory receptors in Bombyx mori was expanded from 65 to 69. BmGr8, a silkmoth gustatory receptor from the sugar receptor subfamily, was expressed in insect cells. Membrane topology studies on BmGr8 indicate that, like insect olfactory receptors, it has an inverted topology relative to G protein-coupled receptors. An orphan GR from the bitter receptor family, BmGr53, yielded similar results. We infer, from the finding that two distantly related BmGrs have an intracellular N-terminus and an odd number of transmembrane spans, that this is likely to be a general topology for all insect gustatory receptors. We also show that BmGr8 functions independently in Sf9 cells and responds in a concentrationdependent manner to the polyalcohols myo-inositol and epi-inositol but not to a range of mono-and di-saccharides. BmGr8 is the first chemoreceptor shown to respond specifically to inositol, an important or essential nutrient for some Lepidoptera. The selectivity of BmGr8 responses is consistent with the known responses of one of the gustatory receptor neurons in the lateral styloconic sensilla of B. mori, which responds to myo-inositol and epi-inositol but not to allo-inositol.
Content ordering based on commuting patterns (2014)

Recommender systems take into account a wide range of information about both an individual user and other user's preferences in order to provide relevant content. However, one source of information that appears to be under-utilized is contextual information about the users' trajectory: where they are currently located, and where they are traveling to. We demonstrate a system that recommends the reading order of Twitter content based on the user's planned travel.
Evaluation of crowd noise levels during college football games (2011)

Crowd noise at sporting events is a highly publicized acoustic phenomenon in the mainstream media because it is widely believed to influence the game. However, very little rigorous scientific data exist on the topic. Perhaps the sport where crowd noise can have the biggest impact on the game outcome is American football. Football crowd noise can make it difficult for teams to communicate on the field and even induce penalties. In 2007 and 2009, researchers from Penn State University�s Graduate Program in Acoustics measured crowd noise at three Penn State football home games. Noise generated by the crowd was rigorously quantified and synchronized to events during the game. Peak levels of 123�140 dB and max 10-second equivalent levels of 109�114 dB were recorded. Maximum possible communication distances were computed around the field using measured A-weighted equivalent sound pressure levels. Communication distances are shown to be limited to less than 3 meters on the field depending on which team (home or visitor) has the ball and the location on the field. The subjective loudness psychoacoustic metric, measured in sones, was used to show that the crowd noise experienced by the visiting team is subjectively 2�3 times louder than that experienced by the home team. This results in a distinct, measurable home field advantage. SPLs outside the stadium at distances of 200�800 m were shown to be 20�30 dB below SPLs inside the stadium. Recommendations are provided for other researchers who wish to make similar measurements for comparison to the results presented here
Chain-transfer agents for living ROMP [Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization] reactions of norbornene (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChain-transfer agents for living ROMP [Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization] reactions of norborneneW. E. Crowe, J. P. Mitchell, V. C. Gibson, and R. R. SchrockCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 14, 3534–3536Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00216a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00216a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views902Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts