gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional estimation of the electrohysterographic conduction velocity (2010)

Propagation of action potentials (APs) through an adequate number of uterine muscle cells induces contraction of the uterus. Monitoring uterine contractions, as the first sign of labor, can provide important information on the course of pregnancy and delivery. Unfortunately, current monitoring methods are affected by serious limitations. The electrohysterogram (EHG), which is the noninvasive recording of the APs propagating through the uterine smooth muscle cells, is here analyzed as a potential alternative to current methods. We focus on estimating the conduction velocity (CV) of surface APs extracted from an EHG recorded in a multielectrode configuration. In this work, a two-dimensional, 64-channel, high density electrode grid is used. Maximum likelihood methods are employed for analyzing the EHG AP propagation in two dimensions. The use of different weighting strategies of the derived cost function is introduced to deal with poor interchannel signal similarity. The presented methods were evaluated by specific simulations proving the best weighting strategy to lead to an accuracy improvement of 58%. EHG measurements on women with uterine contractions confirmed the feasibility of the method by leading to values of conduction velocity within the expected physiological range.
Identification of growth hormone receptor (GHR) tyrosine residues required for GHR phosphorylation and JAK2 and STAT5 activation. (1996)

To determine whether GH receptor (GHR) cytoplasmic tyrosine residue(s) and tyrosine phosphorylation are required for signal transduction, we have substituted the eight porcine (p) GHR cytoplasmic tyrosines with phenylalanine individually or in a stepwise manner from the C terminus. Conversely, the eight tyrosines were individually regenerated in a non-tyrosine-containing pGHR analog. Mutated pGHR cDNAs were transfected into mouse L cells (MLCs) and cell lines were established. Each individual tyrosine-substituted pGHR analogs was able to activate STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5; previously termed pp95) at levels comparable to those of wild type pGHR. Analyses of these pGHR analogs revealed that a single tyrosine residue at position 487, 534, 566, or 627 is sufficient for STAT5 phosphorylation. This result suggested that a redundancy in tyrosine residue requirement may be employed in GH-mediated signal transduction. Also, we found that the requirement of tyrosine residues for STAT5 phosphorylation directly correlated with their phosphorylation status. Combining both STAT5 and GHR tyrosine phosphorylation results, we have deduced that Y332, Y487, Y534, Y566, and Y627 are pGHR tyrosine phosphorylation sites. Additionally, Janus kinase 2 was activated by GH in all pGHR tyrosine-substituted analogs, including one containing no intracellular tyrosines, which agrees with a previous report that Janus kinase 2 activation is independent of GHR tyrosine phosphorylation.
Stereochemistry of reactions at carbon-transition metal .sigma. bonds. .pi.-Cyclopentadienyldicarbonyliron erythro-and threo-3,3-dimethylbutyl-1,2-d2 (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of reactions at carbon-transition metal .sigma. bonds. .pi.-Cyclopentadienyldicarbonyliron erythro-and threo-3,3-dimethylbutyl-1,2-d2Paul L. Bock, David J. Boschetto, James R. Rasmussen, James P. Demers, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 9, 2814–2825Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00816a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00816a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views809Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intramolecular photoinduced electron-transfer processes in buta-1,3-diynyl-benzene-linked porphyrin-fullerene dyad (2007)

Intramolecular electron-transfer process of porphyrin-fullerene dyad linked by phenyl buta-1,3-diynyl-phenyl unit ( ZnP - sp - C 60 ) was studied by laser flash photolysis. Picosecond fluorescence lifetime and transient absorption measurements revealed that photoinduced charge-separation takes place via the excited singlet state ( 1 ZnP *) with the rate constant of (1-2) × 10 10 s −1 . For the charge recombination, about a half of the radical-ion pair decayed quickly with 2.9 × 10 9 s −1 as evaluated from picosecond transient absorption measurements, whereas the remaining half was long-lived with slow decay (1.6 × 10 6 s −1 ) as estimated from nanosecond transient absorption measurements. The lifetime of the radical-ion pair of ZnP - sp - C 60 was longer than those of directly connected dyads with a buta-1,3-diynyl bridge and buta-1,3-diynyl-phenyl bridge by the insertion of an extra phenyl group in addition to the pyrrodino ring.
A Comparison of the Catalytic Performance of the Lithium and Sodium Analogues of Bismuth Oxyhalides in the Oxidative Dimerization of Methane (1989)

Abstract The lithium and sodium salts of four distinct types of complex bismuth oxychlorides having different structural layer units within the Sillenite family of solids have been employed as catalysts for the selective oxidation of methane. The catalytic performance strongly depends on the environment of chloride ion in the structure; and it is likely that a radical mechanism operates.
Generalized Linear Rule Models (2019)

This paper considers generalized linear models using rule-based features, also referred to as rule ensembles, for regression and probabilistic classification. Rules facilitate model interpretation while also capturing nonlinear dependences and interactions. Our problem formulation accordingly trades off rule set complexity and prediction accuracy. Column generation is used to optimize over an exponentially large space of rules without pre-generating a large subset of candidates or greedily boosting rules one by one. The column generation subproblem is solved using either integer programming or a heuristic optimizing the same objective. In experiments involving logistic and linear regression, the proposed methods obtain better accuracy-complexity trade-offs than existing rule ensemble algorithms. At one end of the trade-off, the methods are competitive with less interpretable benchmark models.
Supplementary Fig. S7 from Quantitative live imaging of cancer and normal cells treated with Kinesin-5 inhibitors indicates significant differences in phenotypic responses and cell fate (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S7 from Quantitative live imaging of cancer and normal cells treated with Kinesin-5 inhibitors indicates significant differences in phenotypic responses and cell fate
A Convergent Route to Geminal Difluorosulfides and to Functionalized Difluorothiochromans, a New Family of Organofluorine Compounds (2014)

The synthesis of the novel O-ethyl-S-(4-chlorophenylthio)difluoromethyl xanthate and its radical addition to various terminal alkenes are described. The geminal difluorosulfide adducts undergo closure onto the aromatic ring by further treatment with peroxide to furnish difluorothiochromans, a new family of organofluorine compounds.
Representation and coding of signal geometry (2017)

Abstract Approaches to signal representation and coding theory have traditionally focused on how to best represent signals using parsimonious representations that incur the lowest possible distortion. Classical examples include linear and nonlinear approximations, sparse representations and rate-distortion theory. Very often, however, the goal of processing is to extract specific information from the signal, and the distortion should be measured on the extracted information. The corresponding representation should, therefore, represent that information as parsimoniously as possible, without necessarily accurately representing the signal itself. In this article, we examine the problem of encoding signals such that sufficient information is preserved about their pairwise distances and their inner products. For that goal, we consider randomized embeddings as an encoding mechanism and provide a framework to analyze their performance. We also demonstrate that it is possible to design the embedding such that it represents different ranges of distances with different precision. These embeddings also allow the computation of kernel inner products with control on their inner product-preserving properties. Our results provide a broad framework to design and analyze embeddings and generalize existing results in this area, such as random Fourier kernels and universal embeddings.
Tool wear characteristic of a Binder-less cBN tool in cutting of Bio-titanium alloys (2002)

A binder-less cBN tool with improved high temperature durability was applied for machining of titanium alloys. The tool exhibited lower extent of flank wear and kept sharper cutting edge compared to the tools made of cemented carbide, sintered cubic boron nitride and polycrystalline diamond with Co-based binder, after machining operation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under condition in cutting speed of 4.2 m/s with application of high pressure coolant. Using the binder-less cBN tool, the cutting performance for two types of vanadium-free titanium alloys, Ti-6A6-2Nb-1Ta and Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al, was investigated. For the former alloy the extent of flank wear was almost equivalent to that for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy with similar mechanical property. The cutting edge of the tool failed in earlier stage for machining of the Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al alloy with higher tensile strength than Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Valence Bond and von Neumann Entanglement Entropy in Heisenberg Ladders (2009)

We present a direct comparison of the recently proposed valence bond entanglement entropy and the von Neumann entanglement entropy on spin-1/2 Heisenberg systems using quantum Monte Carlo and density-matrix renormalization group simulations. For one-dimensional chains we show that the valence bond entropy can be either less or greater than the von Neumann entropy; hence, it cannot provide a bound on the latter. On ladder geometries, simulations with up to seven legs are sufficient to indicate that the von Neumann entropy in two dimensions obeys an area law, even though the valence bond entanglement entropy has a multiplicative logarithmic correction.
Identification of an Enterocytozoon bieneusi-like microsporidian parasite in simian-immunodeficiency-virus-inoculated macaques with hepatobiliary disease. (1997)

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common opportunistic pathogen of human patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) causing significant morbidity and mortality. In a retrospective analysis utilizing conventional histochemical techniques, in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, and ultrastructural examination, we identified 18 simian-immunodeficiency-virus-infected macaques (16 Macaca mulatta, 1 M. nemestrina, and 1 M. cyclopis) with Enterocytozoon infection of the hepatobiliary system and small intestine. The organisms were readily identified in the bile ducts and gall bladder by special stains and by in situ hybridization using a probe directed against the small subunit ribosomal RNA of human origin E. bieneusi. Infection of the biliary system was associated with a nonsuppurative and proliferative cholecystitis and choledochitis. Hepatic involvement was characterized by bridging portal fibrosis and nodular hepatocellular regeneration accompanied by marked bile ductular and septal duct hyperplasia. Ultrastructurally, all developmental stages of the organism were found in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm; spores and sporoblasts contained a double layer of polar tubes. Sequencing of a 607-bp segment of the small subunit ribosomal RNA revealed 97 and 100% identity to two clones of small subunit ribosomal RNA derived from E. bieneusi of human origin. Extensive morphological and genetic similarities between the simian and human enterocytozoons suggest that experimentally infected macaques may serve as a useful model of microsporidial infection in AIDS.
Insulin Responses to Crude Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin in Normal Subjects, in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis and Patients with Mild Maturity Onset Diabetes (1975)

The effects of repeated injections of 75 U crude cholecystolinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) at increasing plateau glucose concentrations achieved by glucose infusion were studied in 15 controls, 8 chronic pancreatitics and 8 mild maturity onset diabetics. In control subjects CCK-PZ alone caused minor insulin release but proportinally greater secretion with increasing blood glucose concentrations. Chronic pancreatitis patients who had normal responses to intravenous glucose responded normally to the CCK-PZ but at significantly higher plateau glucose levels. Diabetics had no response to IV glucose boluses of 5 g or 10 g, but with glucose infusions of 250-500 mg/min had almost normal insulin responses to CCK-PZ. The responses to CCK-PZ plus glucose were greater than either stimulus alone, indicating an interaction between these and the beta cell. These studies suggest that the gut homone-receptor in the beta cell is intact in maturity onset diabetes and chronic pancreatitis, whether the glucose receptor is normal or defective. The peptide-responsible in the crude CCK-PZ is not secretin, glucagon or gut glucagon, but may be gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) since pure CCK-PZ has no insuli releasing properties.
AllergoOncology – the impact of allergy in oncology: EAACI position paper (2016)

Th2 immunity and allergic immune surveillance play critical roles in host responses to pathogens, parasites and allergens. Numerous studies have reported significant links between Th2 responses and cancer, including insights into the functions of IgE antibodies and associated effector cells in both antitumour immune surveillance and therapy. The interdisciplinary field of AllergoOncology was given Task Force status by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in 2014. Affiliated expert groups focus on the interface between allergic responses and cancer, applied to immune surveillance, immunomodulation and the functions of IgE-mediated immune responses against cancer, to derive novel insights into more effective treatments. Coincident with rapid expansion in clinical application of cancer immunotherapies, here we review the current state-of-the-art and future translational opportunities, as well as challenges in this relatively new field. Recent developments include improved understanding of Th2 antibodies, intratumoral innate allergy effector cells and mediators, IgE-mediated tumour antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells, as well as immunotherapeutic strategies such as vaccines and recombinant antibodies, and finally, the management of allergy in daily clinical oncology. Shedding light on the crosstalk between allergic response and cancer is paving the way for new avenues of treatment.
Author response: Methylation of histone H3K23 blocks DNA damage in pericentric heterochromatin during meiosis (2014)

Inside the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is wound around histone proteins. This forms a structure called chromatin that allows the long DNA strands to fit inside the cell. Variations in chromatin structure also help the cell to control the functional properties of DNA. For example, a large proportion of chromatin in the cell is in the form of heterochromatin, which is very densely packed, and is associated with many roles such as gene silencing and keeping DNA intact during reproduction. Many animals and plants have two copies of each DNA molecule: one inherited from the mother, and one from the father of the organism. Reproductive cells undergo a process called recombination when they form, where the matching copies of each DNA molecule break in a number of places and rejoin to form a new ‘blend’ of their mother's and their father's DNA, which is passed on to their own offspring. In contrast, most heterochromatin is inherited without recombining, preserving it in an unaltered form. This is important since recombination in heterochromatin can create genetic abnormalities. Adding small chemical modifications—such as methyl groups—to the histone proteins at the core of the chromatin can change how the DNA is packed. However, the histone modifications that yield different chromatin structures, and the effect of these modifications, are not very well understood. Papazyan et al. have taken advantage of a distinct feature of the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila: a single-celled organism that divides its chromatin into two different nuclei. The smaller micronuclei contain only heterochromatin, and Papazyan et al. discovered that the histone H3 protein in the micronuclei is modified by methyl groups at a specific site that had not been studied before. Furthermore, this protozoan makes more of these modifications when it reproduces. An enzyme called Ezl3p adds these methyl groups, and without this enzyme T. thermophila reproduces more slowly and has offspring that are less likely to survive and more likely to be infertile. Papazyan et al. provide evidence that these characteristics arise because the cells without the histone modification are unable to prevent DNA breaks from occurring in heterochromatin during recombination. The same histone modification also occurs when the microscopic worm Caenorhabditis elegans reproduces, suggesting that this method of DNA protection has been conserved throughout evolution. Papazyan et al. propose that the histone modification may prevent another enzyme that induces DNA breaks from accessing the heterochromatin in reproductive cells; but more work is required to support this hypothesis. These findings reveal the importance of a new histone modification during reproduction, and could provide new directions for infertility research.
A zero-current-switch quasi-resonant boost converter with transformer compensated clamp circuit (2009)

This paper presents a method to prevent voltage ringing on the main switch of a full-wave zero-current-switch quasi-resonant (ZCS-QR) boost converter during its turn-off period. The proposed method does not incorporate any dissipative snubber in order to maintain efficiency of the converter. Severe clamp diode reverse recovery current and non-zero turn-on current occurred on the former diode-clamped ZCS-QR boost topology could be solved by this proposed topology without additional active switch and extra control effort. A detailed working principles and governing equations are explained. Experimental results showing the performance of the proposed converter are also included.
Preparation of SnO2 Nanosized Powder by Precipitation Method with Nano-Mixing of Carbon Powder (2005)

Tin dioxide (SnO2) nanosized powder was synthesized by a simple wet process. The precipitate, which was formed from the addition of NH4OH to SnCl4 aqueous solution, was washed with distilled water, and was filtered. The obtained gel was mixed with carbon powder with a particle size of about 20 nm by a mechanically rotating mixer. The mixture was dried at 70°C in air. TEM observation of the dried sample revealed that the hydrated SnO2 and the carbon powder were mixed at nano-scale level. The carbon powder was burned out by heat treatment at 600°C in air for 2 h, resulting in the formation of SnO2 powder with a size of 10-30 nm.
Pharmacological treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (2009)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common degenerative condition with high mortality in older men. Elective surgical or endovascular repair is performed to prevent rupture of large AAAs. In contrast, despite gradual expansion, small AAAs have a low risk of rupture, and there is currently no well-defined treatment strategy for them. Therefore, a pharmacological approach for AAA is expected in the clinical setting. Indeed, several therapeutic effects of pharmacological agents have been reported in experimental models, and some agents have undergone clinical trials. Treatment with statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitors, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory agents appears to inhibit the growth rate of AAA in humans. However, as the sample size and follow-up period were limited in these studies, a large randomized study with long-term follow-up of small AAA should be performed to clarify the effect of these agents. Recently, the regression of AAA using molecular pharmacological approaches was reported in experimental studies. The characteristics of these strategies are the regulation of multiple molecular mediators and the signalling networks associated with AAA formation. On the basis of the results of these investigations, it may be possible to repair the injured aortic wall and obtain the remission of AAA using pharmacological therapy.
Shape‐selective Valorization of Biomass‐derived Glycolaldehyde using Tin‐containing Zeolites (2016)

Abstract A highly selective self‐condensation of glycolaldehyde to different C 4 molecules has been achieved using Lewis acidic stannosilicate catalysts in water at moderate temperatures (40–100 °C). The medium‐sized zeolite pores (10‐membered ring framework) in Sn‐MFI facilitate the formation of tetrose sugars while hindering consecutive aldol reactions leading to hexose sugars. High yields of tetrose sugars (74 %) with minor amounts of vinyl glycolic acid (VGA), an α‐hydroxyacid, are obtained using Sn‐MFI with selectivities towards C 4 products reaching 97 %. Tin catalysts having large pores or no pore structure (Sn‐Beta, Sn‐MCM‐41, Sn‐SBA‐15, tin chloride) led to lower selectivities for C 4 sugars due to formation of hexose sugars. In the case of Sn‐Beta, VGA is the main product (30 %), illustrating differences in selectivity of the Sn sites in the different frameworks. Under optimized conditions, GA can undergo further conversion, leading to yields of up to 44 % of VGA using Sn‐MFI in water. The use of Sn‐MFI offers multiple possibilities for valorization of biomass‐derived GA in water under mild conditions selectively producing C 4 molecules.