gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of facial features for recognition (2002)

A facial feature classification technique that independently captures both the geometric configuration and the image detail of a particular feature is described. The geometric configuration is first extracted by fitting a deformable template to the shape of the feature (for example, an eye) in the image. This information is then used to geometrically normalize the image in such a way that the feature in the image attains a standard shape. The normalized image of the facial feature is then classified in terms of a set of principal components previously obtained from a representative set of training images of similar features. This classification stage yields a representation vector which can be used for recognition matching of the feature in terms of image detail alone without the complication of changes in facial expression. Implementation of the system is described and results are given for its application to a set of test faces. These results show that features can be reliably recognized using the representation vectors obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Finite element analysis of sequential processes for ball grid array packages (2004)

What has been troubling the community of electronics packaging in terms of the residual stress modelling is the so-called stress-free temperature. Although many researchers have investigated the process-induced residual stresses for various plastic electronics packages, to the authors' best knowledge, only one stress free temperature is considered in their models. If multiple processes are involved, it is impossible to use this alleged stress-free temperature. The topological change has seldom been considered, but it has proven to be important even when all the material properties are assumed to be linear (elastic). If all the temperature and time dependent material properties are considered, the topological change and the sequence of processing steps can have significant effects on the final residual stress calculations. In this study, the superposition method, element death and birth (EDB) method, and constraint equation (CE) method have been used to simulate two simple models with extreme dimensions and an actual TFBGA (thin-profile fine-pitch ball grid array) package model. The results show that superposition is a reliable method in predicting the warpage and residual stress of an electronics package. The EDB method does not accurately predict the warpage especially on the surface of a package, but it is able to reliably obtain the residual stress. The CE method only gives accurate displacement results if the dimensions of the model are small, but it is unable to obtain the residual stress accurately.
Effect of polymer compositions on the fabrication of poly(ortho‐ester) microspheres for controlled release of protein (2001)

Abstract Eight kinds of self‐catalyzed poly( ortho ‐esters) (POEs) are used to fabricate bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐containing microspheres using a W/O/W double‐emulsion solvent extraction/evaporation method. All eight kinds of POE polymers used in this study are shown able to form microspheres under proposed fabrication conditions. The surface morphology and inner structure of the microspheres are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microspheres have a size range from 64.7 to 120.2 μm. POE with a higher viscosity leads to bigger microspheres. It was found that the POE composition has a significant effect on BSA release profiles. POEs, which are more hydrophilic and contain a greater amount of glycolide or lactate (latent acid), yield higher BSA release rates. Specifically, POE containing 1,6‐hexanediol diglycolide (HD‐diGL) microspheres have the highest BSA release rate after a 20‐day test through a combination of surface erosion and diffusion mechanisms. POE containing a high percentage of the trans ‐cyclohexanedimethanol (CDM) segment tends to yield microspheres with a lower release rate because of its hydrophobic nature. It was also found that the BSA release rate is more rapid at 37°C than at 22°C because of faster polymer degradation and water penetration at 37°C. Experimental results suggest that various protein release rates can be achieved by using different compositions of POEs. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1630–1642, 2001
Metabolome-scale genome-wide association studies reveal chemical diversity and genetic control of maize specialized metabolites (2018)

One Sentence Summary HPLC-MS metabolite profiling of maize seedlings, in combination with genome-wide association studies, identifies numerous quantitative trait loci that influence the accumulation of foliar metabolites. Abstract Cultivated maize ( Zea mays ) retains much of the genetic and metabolic diversity of its wild ancestors. Non-targeted HPLC-MS metabolomics using a diverse panel of 264 maize inbred lines identified a bimodal distribution in the prevalence of foliar metabolites. Although 15% of the detected mass features were present in &gt;90% of the inbred lines, the majority were found in &lt;50% of the samples. Whereas leaf bases and tips were differentiated primarily by flavonoid abundance, maize varieties (stiff-stalk, non-stiff-stalk, tropical, sweet corn, and popcorn) were differentiated predominantly by benzoxazinoid metabolites. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), performed for 3,991 mass features from the leaf tips and leaf bases, showed that 90% have multiple significantly associated loci scattered across the genome. Several quantitative trait locus hotspots in the maize genome regulate the abundance of multiple, often metabolically related mass features. The utility of maize metabolite GWAS was demonstrated by confirming known benzoxazinoid biosynthesis genes, as well as by mapping isomeric variation in the accumulation of phenylpropanoid hydroxycitric acid esters to a single linkage block in a citrate synthase-like gene. Similar to gene expression databases, this metabolomic GWAS dataset constitutes an important public resource for linking maize metabolites with biosynthetic and regulatory genes.
Performance Analysis of Optimum SMI Beamformers for Spatial Interference Rejection (2006)

This paper presents a performance analysis of the sample matrix inversion (SMI) adaptive beamforming algorithm for spatial interference rejection by smart antenna systems. A simulation tool which implements the SMI algorithm is developed along with a graphical user interface. Performance of the SMI beamformer is investigated with respect to the variation of a number of parameters related to the signal environment and sensor array. Results of numerical simulation are used to design smart antennas systems with optimal performance
High-conversion-gain 100-GHz photoreceiver integrated with UTC-PD and PHEMT amplifier for 92-GHz carrier, 10.7-Gbps photonic wireless communication (2016)

We successfully designed and fabricated a high-conversion-gain 100-GHz photoreceiver integrated with a UTC-PD and a PHEMT amplifier for 92-GHz carrier photonic wireless communication. Then, in a demonstration of 92-GHz carrier, OFDM, 16-QAM photonic wireless communication, we confirmed that high data rate of 11.03-Gbps (bit error rate of 1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ) could be achieved at a low optical input power, without post amplifiers for the photoreceiver. The designs and the results are discussed.
Table S1 from Lentiviral-Driven Discovery of Cancer Drug Resistance Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Results of LentiMutate on wild-type RUVBL1 cDNA and compound B in the H1993 cell line. Values shown are the averages of three biological replicates. The fold enrichment of "All nucleotides" is the sum of substitution rates for all nucleotides in the with doxycycline replicates divided by the sum of substitution rates for all nucleotides without doxycycline (parental) at one nucleotide position. Nucleotide w/ max error refers to the highest substitution rate for a single nucleotide at one nucleotide position.&lt;/p&gt;
Ultrafast Optical Modulation of Second- and Third-Harmonic Generation from Cut-Disk-Based Metasurfaces (2016)

We design and fabricate a metasurface composed of gold cut-disk resonators that exhibits a strong coherent nonlinear response. We experimentally demonstrate all-optical modulation of both second- and third-harmonic signals on a subpicosecond time scale. Pump-probe experiments and numerical models show that the observed effects are due to the ultrafast response of the electronic excitations in the metal under external illumination. These effects pave the way for the development of novel active nonlinear metasurfaces with controllable and switchable coherent nonlinear response. © 2016 American Chemical Society.
THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE-INDUCED GROWTH HORMONE AND PROLACTIN RELEASE: PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN INTACT RATS AND IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS BEARING AN ECTOPIC PITUITARY GLAND (1977)

To determine how the sensitivity of the ectopic anterior pituitary gland to the GH-releasing effect of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) might be affected by the time lapse from transplantation, TRH (0-15 and 0-6 microng) was injected i.v. into hypophysectomized (hypox)-transplanted rats under urethane anaesthesia 1,3,8,15,30 and 60 days after transplantation, and plasma samples were taken 5 and 10 min later. Baseline GH values gradually decreased with time from about 16-0 ng/ml (1 day) to about 3-0 ng/ml (30 and 60 days). The TRH-induced GH release was absent 1 day after transplantation, present only with the higher TRH dose 3 and 8 days after transplantation, and clearly elicitable, also with the lower TRH dose (0-15 microng), from 15 up to 60 days. Determination of plasma prolactin concentrations showed a decline from about 85-0 ng/ml (1 day) to about 32-0 ng/ml (8 days); subsequently (15-60 days) prolactin values stabilized. Plasma prolactin levels increased 15 and 60 days after transplantation only when a dose of 0-6 microng TRH was given. In intact weight-matched rats, TRH induced a GH response only at the dose of 1-2 microng while a short-lived but clear-cut prolactin response could be obtained even with the 0-3 microng dose. The present results indicate that: (1) disconnexion between the central nervous system and the anterior pituitary gland greatly enhances GH responsiveness while blunting prolactin responsiveness to TRH; (2) the sensitivity of the anterior pituitary gland to the GH-releasing effect of TRH increases with time from transplantation; (3) TRH is a more effective prolactin- than GH-releaser on the pituitary gland in situ.
1.55 μm high-speed MEMS-tunable VCSEL (2012)

We present a micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) emitting around 1.55 &mu;m with single-mode output power of &gt;2.5mW and high side-mode suppression-ratio (SMSR) of &gt;50dB over the entire tuning range of &gt;50nm. The small-signal modulation technique (S21) has been used to study intrinsic and parasitic influences on the modulation response of the device. Additionally, the static characteristics as well as electrical and thermal design of the device are discussed with respect to its high-speed modulation behavior. The tunable laser shows 3-dB direct modulation frequencies above 6.4 GHz.
Monte Carlo study of noise scaling in AlGaN / GaN HFETs (2005)

Nitride heterostructures based on AlN, GaN and their alloys have found extensive applications in high‐power, high frequency, low noise circuit design. The use of ensemble Monte Carlo approach allows us to examine noise while electrons move in the channel with a varying field profile. This is important to predict how noise scales with channel length. In this paper, using a Monte Carlo approach, with wavefunction averaging and calculated channel fields, we study the bias and scaling dependence of channel carrier velocities and noise current power densities in Al0.35Ga0.65N / GaN HFETs.Using an in‐house 2D Poisson solver that predicts the channel electric field profile, and gives results similar to those obtained using a commercial solver such as ATLAS (©Silvaco), we examine charge transport and transit time fluctuations. The ensemble Monte Carlo simulation yields channel velocities, current noise power spectral density (CNPSD), etc. We also find that the electron velocities in the channel do not exhibit overshoot at these biases, in line with often observed behavior of channel carrier velocities. The flexibility of the ensemble Monte Carlo simulation also permits us to extract transit time, transconductance and unity current gain frequency (fT) for each bias condition.
NPY processing in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues by proconvertases (2005)

ConclusionThe bioactivity of NPY depends on the correct processing by specific convertases of proNPY. This proteolysis is tissue-specific and can be regulated by various factors. Many conclusions are drawn on NPY regulation based on measurements by radioimmunoassay with antibodies that are not specific for the bioactive form. Since the NPY immunoreactivity is complex, it is essential to use well characterized assays to distinguish proNPY and its glycine-extended forms from the amidated form of NPY. The primary sequence of this precursor is simple but its processing toward the generation of biologically active ligand is rather complex. Several enzymes can be involved for its processing PC1/3, PC2, PTP and likely other not yet discovered enzymes. Its trimming also involves several enzymes, namely carboxypeptidase, PAM, DPPIV and Amp. In addition, there are many difficulties encountered in its measurement. These together permit only experienced researchers to address questions regarding the physiological, physiopathological and biosynthesis of this precursor. However, it remains to be established if genetic diseases could be associated to a defect in a proconvertase that would result in NPY abnormal concentrations in man.
Introductions and early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the New York City area (2020)

New York City (NYC) has emerged as one of the epicenters of the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. To identify the early transmission events underlying the rapid spread of the virus in the NYC metropolitan area, we sequenced the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients seeking care at the Mount Sinai Health System. Phylogenetic analysis of 84 distinct SARS-CoV-2 genomes indicates multiple, independent, but isolated introductions mainly from Europe and other parts of the United States. Moreover, we found evidence for community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 as suggested by clusters of related viruses found in patients living in different neighborhoods of the city.
Novel Catalysts for the Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Methyl Methacrylate (1997)

The development of a process for the synthesis of methyl methacrylate (MMA) from coal-derived syngas can alleviate the environmental hazards associated with the current commercial MMA technology, the acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) process. A three-step syngas-based process consisted of synthesis of a propionic acid, its condensation with formaldehyde, and esterification of resulting methacrylic acid (MAA) to form MMA. The first two steps, propionic acid synthesis and condensation, are discussed here. The low-temperature, low-pressure process for single-step hydrocarbonylation of ethylene to propionic acid is carried out using a homogeneous iodine-promoted Mo (CO)6 catalyst at pressures (30−70 atm) and temperatures (150−200 °C) lower than those reported for other catalysts. Mechanistic investigations suggest that catalysis is initiated by a rate-limiting CO dissociation from Mo(CO)6. This dissociation appears to be followed by an inner electron-transfer process of an I atom from EtI to the coordinately unsaturated Mo(CO)5. This homogeneous catalyst for propionate synthesis represents the first case of an efficient carbonylation process based on Cr group metals. The condensation of formaldehyde with propionic acid is carried out by acid−base bifunctional catalysts. As a result of screening over 80 catalytic materials, group V metals (V, Nb, and Ta) supported on an amorphous silica are found to be most effective. A 20% Nb/SiO2 catalyst appears to be the most active and stable catalyst thus far. Preliminary relations among the reaction yield and catalyst properties indicate that a high surface area and a low overall surface acidity (<50 = mol of NH3/g), with a high proportion of the acidity being weak (<350 °C desorption of NH3), are desirable. Long-term deactivation of V−Si−P, Nb−Si, and Ta−Si catalysts suggests that carbon deposition is the primary cause for activity decay, and the catalyst activity is partially restorable by oxidative regeneration.
Cardiac peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ is essential in protecting cardiomyocytes from oxidative damage (2007)

The present study demonstrates that PPARgamma is critical to myocardial redox homeostasis. These findings should provide new insights into understanding the roles of PPARgamma in the heart.
Laser Marking and Composition Analysis of 13-8 Steel and Nitronics 60 Surfaces (2015)

Pulsed laser irradiation is used to irradiate and mark 13-8 steel and Nitronics 60 parts in order to create observable markings on the surfaces. The best optical contrast ratio between marked regions and unmarked regions is desired for digital image correlation. The contrast is optimized by using pulsed-laser irradiation and varying the laser power, pulse length, and scan speed. X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the laser-irradiated surface, and it was found that oxide formation and surface roughness are responsible for the observed contrast.
Performance Evaluation of Correlation Reduction Precoding with Repetition Code in Overloaded MIMO System (2017)

In this paper, the measurement results of field experiments for correlation reduction precoding with a repetition code in an overloaded MIMO systems are presented. Measurements are conducted in three propagation conditions that are line-of-sight (LOS), non-line-of- sight (NLOS), and a mobile environment. Numerical results obtained through the measurements show that amplitude shift and phase rotation precoding improves demodulation performance. It is also presented that the precoding scheme reduces bit error rate (BER) in the mobile environment.
Super High Birefringence Isothiocyanato Biphenyl-Bistolane Liquid Crystals (2004)

We have designed, synthesized, and evaluated the physical properties of some high birefringence (Δn) isothiocyanato biphenyl-bistolane liquid crystals. These compounds exhibit Δn ∼ 0.7-0.8 at room temperature and wavelength λ= 633 nm. Laterally substituted short alkyl chains and fluorine atom eliminate smectic phase and lower the melting temperature. The moderate melting temperature and very high clearing temperature make those compounds attractive for eutectic mixture formulation. A eutectic mixture based on those compounds was formulated and its physical properties evaluated. The simulated absorption spectra agree reasonably well with the measured results.
Chemo‐Enzymatic Cascades (2020)

This chapter deals with chemo-enzymatic cascades, focusing on synergistic nitroreductase and chemo-enzymatic synthesis of (S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs). It describes the deracemisation reaction using a newly designed I230A/R283G porcine kidney D-amino acid oxidase variant, which catalyses (S)-4-Cl-benzhydrylamine oxidation. A sequential and selective approach is described involving a metal-catalysed Wacker–Tsuji oxidation of allylbenzenes 1 followed by the ATA-catalysed biotransamination of the resulting 1-arylpropan-2-ones 2; the stereoselective preparation of 1-phenylpropan-2-amine is disclosed starting from commercially available and inexpensive allylbenzene and using commercially available selective ATAs for the production of the requested (S)- or (R)-amine enantiomer. The chapter describes a two-step strategy starting withN-Cbz-protected amino aldehyde to produce (2S,3S)-2-methylpyrrolidin-3-ol.
S1347 Comparison of Quantification of Hepatic Steatosis Between Liver MRI and Biopsy in Obese Patients in Pre-Transplant Setting (2022)

Introduction: Liver biopsy is a gold standard for assessing steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it carries risks including bleeding, discomfort, sampling error bias, inter-, and intra-observer variability. Magnetic resonance imaging with proton density fat-fraction (MRI-PDFF) has been explored to quantify steatosis to characterize NAFLD with accuracy and reproducibility. Our study assesses if MRI quantification of hepatic steatosis is consistent with that performed by liver biopsy for obese patients. Methods: In this study, a bivariate correlation was performed to calculate a Pearson’s correlation coefficient for patients with BMI≥30 who underwent screening with liver biopsy and liver MRI to quantify steatosis prior to living donation hepatectomy at Cleveland Clinic between 2019 and 2022. We excluded non-obese patients as well as patients who had contraindications to MRI, high alcohol use, pre-existing liver disease, or bleeding disorders. Results: We included 28 patients (median [standard deviation]) aged 41.0 [9.89] with BMI 32.3 [2.99] (Table). Patients were predominantly female (n=16, 57.1%), Caucasians (n=24, 85.7%), and with Class 1 Obesity (n=23, 23.2%). Mean MRI steatosis was 3.48 [2.53] while mean biopsy steatosis was 1.79 [3.45]. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that liver MRI and biopsy steatosis quantification to be positively correlated with moderate strength, R = 0.60, p < 0.001 for patients with BMI≥30. Conclusion: Our data highlight that liver MRI quantification of hepatic steatosis is consistent with biopsy for obese patients. These findings indicate that a liver MRI could be an accurate alternative for potential living liver donors. Further work is needed to evaluate if a liver MRI is a suitable alternative for individuals across different classes of obesity (Figure).Figure 1.: Correlation between liver biopsy steatosis and MRI steatosis Table 1. - Baseline characteristics of potential liver donors with obesity prior to hepatectomy Baseline characteristics n % Sex Female 16 57.1 Male 12 42.9 Race/Ethnicity Caucasian 24 85.7 African American 2 7.14 Hispanic 1 3.57 Other 2 7.14 Obesity classification Class I (30-34.9) 23 23.2 Class II (35-39.9) 3 3.03 Class III (>40) 2 2.02