gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of hydrogen adsorption on clean and alkali-metal covered Cu(110) (1991)

The activated dissociative adsorption of H2 and D2 on a clean Cu(110) and a Cu(110)-K(1 × 2) reconstructed surface has been studied using supersonic molecular beams. Enhanced sticking of H2 over D2 at any particular normal energy in the pure beam experiment on Cu(110) is interpreted as an indication of the importance of the vibrational coordinate in the dissociation dynamics. The relative contributions of vibrational and translational energy in accessing the barrier is separated in vibrationally hot, translationally cold seeded beams. Results for hydrogen are presented which indicate a translational onset for the first vibrationally excited state H2(v= 1) at 130 meV. This result is consistent with a theoretically predicted barrier to dissociation of ca. 700 meV which lies somewhat in the exit channel of a two-dimensional potential-energy surface (2D-PES). The effect of alkali-metal adsorption on the (1 × 2) reconstructed surface is shown to enhance hydrogen adsorption, increase the activation energy to desorption and reduce the activation energy to adsorption. This result is consistent with a reduction in the height of a late barrier caused by a deeper atomic potential in the ‘product’ region of the 2D-PES.
Control of Urea SCR Systems for US Diesel Applications (2011)

This paper sets out to qualify challenges in the control of urea selective catalytic reduction systems for NO<sub><i>x<i/><sub/> conversion in Diesel powertrains. We show the importance of ammonia storage control, and the difficulties in estimating it in the face of system uncertainties. The slow storage dynamics of the SCR catalyst are shown to be a major limiting factor on the performance of SCR systems in transient operation. Lastly we show the effect of sensor uncertainty on system performance and how NO<sub><i>x<i/><sub/> sensors can be used in conjunction with input correlation to distinguish NO<sub><i>x<i/><sub/> slip from ammonia slip.
<title>Fabrication of five-level ultraplanar micromirror arrays by flip-chip assembly</title> (2001)

This paper reports a detailed study of the fabrication of various piston, torsion, and cantilever style micromirror arrays using a novel, simple, and inexpensive flip-chip assembly technique. Several rectangular and polar arrays were commercially prefabricated in the MUMPs process and then flip-chip bonded to form advanced micromirror arrays where adverse effects typically associated with surface micromachining were removed. These arrays were bonded by directly fusing the MUMPs gold layers with no complex preprocessing. The modules were assembled using a computer-controlled, custom-built flip-chip bonding machine. Topographically opposed bond pads were designed to correct for slight misalignment errors during bonding and typically result in less than 2 micrometers of lateral alignment error. Although flip-chip micromirror performance is briefly discussed, the means used to create these arrays is the focus of the paper. A detailed study of flip-chip process yield is presented which describes the primary failure mechanisms for flip-chip bonding. Studies of alignment tolerance, bonding force, stress concentration, module planarity, bonding machine calibration techniques, prefabrication errors, and release procedures are presented in relation to specific observations in process yield. Ultimately, the standard thermo-compression flip-chip assembly process remains a viable technique to develop highly complex prototypes of advanced micromirror arrays.
A review of the heterogeneous landscape of biodiversity databases: opportunities and challenges for a synthesized biodiversity knowledge base (2021)

Aim: Addressing global environmental challenges requires access to biodiversity data across wide spatial, temporal and biological scales. Recent decades have witnessed an exponential increase of biodiversity information aggregated by biodiversity databases (hereafter ‘databases’). However, heterogeneous coverage, protocols, and standards of databases hampered the data integration among databases. To stimulate the next stage of data integration, here we present a synthesis of major databases, and investigate i) how the coverages of databases vary across taxonomy, space, and record type; ii) the degree of integration among databases; iii) how integration of databases can increase biodiversity knowledge; iv) the barriers to databases integration. Location: Global Time period: Contemporary Major taxa studied: Plants and Vertebrates Methods: We reviewed the scope of twelve well-established databases and assessed the status of their integration. We synthesized information from these databases to assess major knowledge gaps and barriers to fully integration. We estimated how improved integration can increase the coverage and depth of biodiversity knowledge. Results: Each reviewed database had unique focus of data coverages. Data flows were common among databases, though not always clearly documented. Functional trait databases were more isolated than those pertaining to species distributions. Poor compatibility between taxonomic systems used by different databases posed a major challenge to integration. We demonstrated that integration of distribution databases can lead to greater taxonomic coverage that corresponds to 23 years’ advancement in knowledge accumulation, and improvement in taxonomic coverage could be as high as 22.4% for trait databases. Main conclusions: Rapid increase of biodiversity knowledge can be achieved through the integration of databases, providing the data necessary to address critical environmental challenges. Our synthesis provides an overview of the integration status of databases. Full integration across databases will require tackling the major impediments to data integration – taxonomic incompatibility, lags in data exchange, barriers to effective data synchronization, and isolation of individual initiatives.
Highly Stereoselective aza‐Baylis–Hillman Reactions of CF3‐Sulfinylimines: Straightforward Access to α‐Methylene β‐CF3 β‐Amino Acids (2014)

Abstract 1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐catalyzed asymmetric aza‐Baylis–Hillman (ABH) reaction of ( R )‐ N ‐ tert ‐butanesulfinyl‐(3,3,3)‐trifluoroacetaldimine with various Michael acceptors proceeds with exceptionally high rates and stereochemical outcome. This ABH approach provides convenient and practical access to previously unknown enantiomerically pure α‐methylene β‐CF 3 β‐amino esters/acids, forthright useable for peptide synthesis.
Comment on “Equilibrium Properties of a Diblock Copolymer Lamellar Phase Confined between Flat Plates” (1995)

A Comment on the Letter by Matthew S. Turner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1788 (1992). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.Received 19 September 1994DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.976©1995 American Physical Society
A Synthetic GFP-like Chromophore Undergoes Base-Catalyzed Autoxidation into Acylimine Red Form (2011)

Fluorescent proteins are widely used in modern experimental biology, but much controversy exists regarding details of maturation of different types of their chromophores. Here we studied possible mechanisms of DsRed-type red chromophore formation using synthetic biomimetic GFP-like chromophores, bearing an acylamino substituent, corresponding to an amino acid residue at position 65. We have shown these model compounds to readily react with molecular oxygen to produce a highly unstable DsRed-like acylimine, isolated in the form of stable derivatives. Under the same aerobic conditions an unusual red-shifted imide chromophore--a product of 4-electron oxidation of Gly65 residue--is formed. Our data showed that GFP chromophore is prone to autoxidation at position 65 Cα by its chemical nature with basic conditions being the only key factor required.
Long-Term Survival Rates of Inflatable Penile Prostheses: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2022)

The purpose of this study was to determine long-term survival of inflatable penile prosthesis (PP) and identify potential factors that may influence device survival. We performed a systematic review of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies of men treated with inflatable PP with at least 5 years of device survival data. We performed a random effects meta-analysis to estimate device survival at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years of follow-up. The robustness of the meta-analysis results was evaluated in a 1-study removed sensitivity analysis and sources of heterogeneity among studies were investigated with subgroup analysis. In 12 studies (20,161 patients; median age 57 years), PP device survival was 93.3% at 1 year, 91.0% at 3 years, 87.2% at 5 years, 76.8% at 10 years, 63.7% at 15 years, and 52.9% at 20 years. The results of the meta-analysis were not significantly influenced by single study effects in a 1-study removed sensitivity analysis. In a subgroup analysis, 5-year device survival rates were 90.6% vs 82.1% (P = .01) comparing newer vs older studies; no other patient or study design characteristic was statistically associated with device survival rates. In conclusion, the median device survival time of an inflatable PP is approximately 20 years. The factors responsible for improved device survival in newer studies remain unclear and warrant further study.
Versatile and Robust method for Antibody Conjugation to Nanoparticles with High Targeting Efficiency (2021)

Abstract The application of antibodies in nanomedicine is now standard practice in research since it represents an innovative approach to deliver chemotherapy agents selectively to tumours. The variety of targets or markers that are overexpressed in different types of cancers results in a high demand for antibody conjugated nanoparticles which are versatile and easily customizable. Considering upscaling, the synthesis of antibody conjugated nanoparticles should be simple and highly reproducible. Here, we developed a facile coating strategy to produce antibody conjugated nanoparticles using ‘click chemistry’ and further evaluated their selectivity towards cancer cells expressing different markers. Our approach was consistently repeated for the conjugation of antibodies against CD44 and EGFR, which are prominent cancer cell markers. The functionalized particles presented excellent cell specificity towards CD44 and EGFR overexpressing cells, respectively. Our results indicated that the developed coating method is reproducible, versatile, non-toxic, and can be used for particle functionalization with different antibodies. This grafting strategy can be applied to a wide range of nanoparticles and will contribute to the development of future targeted drug delivery systems.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Characterization of a New Class of Androgen Receptor Antagonists with Potential Therapeutic Application in Advanced Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 2136K, (A) Effect of VPC-3022 on AR activity in HeLa-AR cells in the presence of cyclohexamide. HeLa-AR cells were treated with serially-diluted concentrations of VPC-3022 (0 - 100 ?M) with or without 10 ?M of cyclohexamide for 8 hours, and then lysed with passive lysis buffer. (B) AR degradation caused by VPC-3031 and VPC-3041 in HeLa-AR cells. HeLa-AR cells were treated by VPC-3031 and VPC-3041 at different concentrations in the presence of 0.1 nM R1881.&lt;/p&gt;
New synthesis of meso-free-[14]triphyrin(2.1.1) by McMurry coupling and its derivatization to Mn(i) and Re(i) complexes (2010)

The metal-free and meso-free [14]triphyrin(2.1.1) compound was successfully prepared based on the intramolecular McMurry coupling reaction of diformyl-tripyrrane in 16% yield, and was converted to the bowl-shaped Mn(I)(TriP)(CO)(3) and Re(I)(TriP)(CO)(3).
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTIONS OF CONJUGATED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS WITH COPPER HYDRIDE ‐ PREPARATIVE AND MECHANISTIC ASPECTS (1978)

Abstract Aus Kupferbromid und Lithium‐trimethoxyalanat oder Natrium‐bis‐2‐methoxyethoxy‐alanat entstehen entsprechende Kupferhydride, die zur Reduktion eingesetzt werden.
Polyethylene glycol: Optical constants from 191 to 1688 nm (0.735–6.491 eV) by spectroscopic ellipsometry (2020)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an important polymer with numerous industrial and therapeutic applications. Accordingly, the optical constants of PEG should be a useful resource to other scientists and engineers. Herein, we report the optical functions of PEG as determined from reflection spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and transmission ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. These functions were obtained from a commercial liquid sample of PEG that had a molecular weight of 285–315 g/mol. Since this sample is a liquid, the reflection and transmission measurements required special experimental considerations. The reflection SE measurements necessitated roughening (frosting) the inside of the vessel (Petri dish) that contained PEG and leveling the instrument instead of the liquid sample. The transmission measurements were obtained via a dual-cuvette approach that removed the effects of the cuvettes and their interfaces. From these measurements, the extinction coefficient of the PEG was determined between 205 and 1700 nm. Since PEG has very low absorption over the measured wavelength range, and because of the relatively wide wavelength range considered here, the refractive index was fit with a Sellmeier model for wavelengths from 191 to 1688 nm. The interface at the liquid surface was modeled with a Bruggeman effective medium approximation. The optical functions obtained in this work agree well with previously reported values. For example, we obtained the following nx values for the material, where x is the wavelength in nanometers: n300 = 1.493, n500 = 1.459, and n1000 = 1.443.
Surface plasmon polariton enhanced ultrathin nano-structured CdTe solar cell (2014)

We demonstrate numerically that two-dimensional arrays of ultrathin CdTe nano-cylinders on Ag can serve as an effective broadband anti-reflection structure for solar cell applications. Such devices exhibit strong absorption properties, mainly in the CdTe semiconductor regions, and can produce short-circuit current densities of 23.4 mA/cm(2), a remarkable number in the context of solar cells given the ultrathin dimensions of our nano-cylinders. The strong absorption is enabled via excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) under plane wave incidence. In particular, we identified the key absorption mechanism as enhanced fields of the SPP standing waves residing at the interface of CdTe nano-cylinders and Ag. We compare the performance of Ag, Au, and Al substrates, and observe significant improvement when using Ag, highlighting the importance of using low-loss metals. Although we use CdTe here, the proposed approach is applicable to other solar cell materials with similar absorption properties.
Design and Synthesis of Chiral Oxathiozinone Scaffolds: Efficient Synthesis of Hindered Enantiopure Sulfinamides and Sulfinyl Ketimines (2013)

Is that SO? The title scaffolds have a highly active and properly differentiated SO bond for the efficient synthesis of enantiopure sulfinamides. The method is practical, green, and has the potential to provide an economical commercial process for the synthesis of bulky sulfinamides. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A search for prompt lepton-jets in pp collisions at s=7TeV with the ATLAS detector (2013)

We present a search for a light (mass <2GeV) boson predicted by Hidden Valley supersymmetric models that decays into a final state consisting of collimated muons or electrons, denoted “lepton-jets”. The analysis uses 5fb−1 of s=7TeV proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider to search for the following signatures: single lepton-jets with at least four muons; pairs of lepton-jets, each with two or more muons; and pairs of lepton-jets with two or more electrons. This study finds no statistically significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction and places 95% confidence-level exclusion limits on the production cross section times branching ratio of light bosons for several parameter sets of a Hidden Valley model.
Deadbeat-direct torque & flux control motor drive using a single control law to minimize motor losses (2010)

This paper presents an implementation of deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) for AC induction machine drives that demonstrates nearly ideal properties over a wide range of flux and torque operating conditions and its application to motor loss minimization. A key attribute of DB-DTFC is that the control law is the same over the entire operating space, including steady-state and transient operation at the voltage limits. This DB-DTFC implementation allows for an additional degree of freedom to select a broad range of stator flux linkages at light to medium loads. This paper presents an implementation of DB-DTFC and experimentally demonstrates its performance over a full range of operating conditions and its application to minimizing machine losses.
Some Shortcomings of OCL, the Object Constraint Language of UML (2000)

We illustrate some shortcomings of the Object Constraint Language of UML, and ways in which it may be improved, by comparing it to Alloy, a simile object modeling language. We use the core package of the UML metamodel as a basis for the comparison.
Radar walking speed measurements of seniors in their apartments: Technology for fall prevention (2012)

Falls are a significant cause of injury and accidental death among persons over the age of 65. Gait velocity is one of the parameters which have been correlated to the risk of falling. We aim to build a system which monitors gait in seniors and reports any changes to caregivers, who can then perform a clinical assessment and perform corrective and preventative actions to reduce the likelihood of falls. In this paper, we deploy a Doppler radar-based gait measurement system into the apartments of thirteen seniors. In scripted walks, we show the system measures gait velocity with a mean error of 14.5% compared to the time recorded by a clinician. With a calibration factor, the mean error is reduced to 10.5%. The radar is a promising sensing technology for gait velocity in a day-to-day senior living environment.
Design evolution through customer interaction with functional prototypes (2007)

There can be a tendency, even within companies who practice concurrent engineering, to limit customer involvement to the initial and final stages of the new product development process only. This invites the possibility that the customers' opinions will be lost or at least diluted during the intermediate stages of the process. A joint research project involving Loughborough University and the Central University of Technology, Free State has provided evidence, through several case studies, that physical models created via rapid prototyping enable the customer to be involved throughout the development process. The benefits associated with using physical models are discussed, showing that these models have a unique role to play in promoting customer involvement. The authors propose the method termed Customer Interaction with Functional Prototypes, which has been implemented during several new product development projects carried out in both academic and industrial environments. At present, the Customer Interaction with Functional Prototypes method is suitable for facilitating customer interaction primarily with the aesthetic and ergonomic aspects of simple consumer products or with stand-alone subsystems of more complex products. The method compliments the use of virtual prototyping and design analysis required to optimize the functional aspects of a product through the application of engineering science.
Generating customized text and graphics in the COMET explanation testbed (1991)

It is shown how COMET, a system that uses natural language and graphics generation components to produce the text and pictures of its explanations dynamically, can create a variety of different explanations to explain the same concepts, and thus better meets the needs of different users. The authors focus on four ways in which COMET produces different explanations for the same concepts, describing how it is influenced by the plan containing the concept, by user background knowledge, by previous dialogue, and by interactive exploration of an explanation. >
<title>In-flight characterization and compensation of the optical properties of the EIT instrument</title> (1999)

Onboard the SOHO spacecraft, the Extreme UV Imaging Telescope (EIT) is imagin successfully the EUV solar corona since January 96. EIT is a normal incidence telescope, segmented in 4 separate quadrants. Each of those quadrants reflects extreme UV (EUV) light in a narrow bandpass defined by multilayer coatings deposited on the mirrors and by aluminum filters used to reject the visible and IR part of the solar irradiance. The specific configuration of the optical system is generating artifacts that must be compensated in the raw solar images. However, the only information available to improve image quality comes from the continuous survey of the solar corona accomplished in flight by EIT. In-flight image characteristics and instrumental aspects are discussed in this paper, showing how methods can be derived to clean up the EIT data. The current investigations are addressing the internal vignetting, the shadow pattern of grids supporting the focal filters, the determination of the instrumental point spread function and the assessment of the telescope focusing, as well as the relation between those factors.
Upper-Body Motion Mode Recognition Based on IMUs for a Dynamic Spine Brace (2018)

This paper presents an upper-body motion mode recognition method based on inertial measurement units (IMUs) using cascaded classification approaches and integrated machine learning algorithms. The proposed method is designed to be applied on a dynamic spine brace in the future to assess its usability. This study focuses on the problem of classifying upper-body motion modes by using four IMUs worn on the upper-body of the subjects. Six locomotion modes and ten locomotion transitions were investigated. A quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) classifier and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier were deployed in our study. With selected cascade classification strategies, the system is demonstrated to achieve a satisfactory performance with an average of 96.77%(QDA) and 97.64%(SVM) recognition accuracy. The obtained results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Meeting of the Association for Symbolic Logic, Atlantic City, 1971 (1971)

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