gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible 3D Cell-Based Platforms for the Discovery and Profiling of Novel Drugs Targeting Plasmodium Hepatic Infection (2019)

The restricted pipeline of drugs targeting the liver stage of <i>Plasmodium</i> infection reflects the scarcity of cell models that mimic the human hepatic phenotype and drug metabolism, as well as <i>Plasmodium</i> hepatic infection. Using stirred-tank culture systems, spheroids of human hepatic cell lines were generated, sustaining a stable hepatic phenotype over 4 weeks of culture. Spheroids were employed in the establishment of 3D <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> infection platforms that relied on static or dynamic culture conditions. <i>P. berghei</i> invasion and development were recapitulated in the hepatic spheroids, yielding blood-infective merozoites. The translational potential of the 3D platforms was demonstrated by comparing the <i>in vitro</i> minimum inhibitory concentration of M5717, a compound under clinical development, with <i>in vivo</i> plasma concentrations that clear liver stage <i>P. berghei</i> in mice. Our results show that the 3D platforms are flexible and scalable and can predict the efficacy of antiplasmodial therapies, constituting a powerful tool for integration in drug discovery programs.
Quantum Error Detection II: Bounds (1999)

In Part II we show that there exist quantum codes whose probability of undetected error falls exponentially with the length of the code and derive bounds on this exponent.The lower (existence) bound for stabilizer codes is proved by a counting argument for classical self-orthogonal quaternary codes. Upper bounds for any quantum codes are proved by linear programming. We present two general solutions of the LP problem. Together they give an upper bound on the exponent of undetected error. The upper and lower asymptotic bounds coincide for a certain interval of code rates close to 1.
Multi-phase-driven split-word-line ferroelectric memory without plate line (2003)

A working methodology bypasses the conventional cell plate line (PL), mitigating its disadvantages. The methodology utilizes split word lines (SWLs), driven by multi-phased voltage signals. In this scheme there is no need for PL and additional elements, and fabrication is simple and compatible with downscaling of cell area.
Digital Peak Current Mode Control Method for the Single-phase Bi-directional DC-AC Converter (2021)

This paper presents a new digital peak current mode controlled single-phase bi-directional DC-AC converter with a current control method that reduces harmonic distortion of AC input/output current. The new current control method estimates and compensates for the deviation between current reference and inductor current in both DC-AC and AC-DC modes. The effectiveness of the proposed method for reducing harmonic current distortion is verified through experiments. Furthermore, the effectiveness of overshooting current suppression against sudden changes in the AC grid voltage is also verified.
Interactive social, spatial and temporal querying for multimedia retrieval (2011)

We propose a scheme for faster and more effective retrieval of temporal, spatial and social multimedia from large collections. We define interactive multimedia queries that allow simultaneous query refinement on multiple search dimensions. User interaction techniques based on line and iconic sketches allow specifying queries based on the above definition. We prototype a multi-user travel media network and implement the proposed user interaction techniques for retrieving locomotion patterns of the users. The proposed queries facilitate easy input and refinement of queries, and efficient retrieval.
Immunoassays for the Quantitative Determination of Colchicine (1994)

A radioimmunoassay as well as an enzyme immunoassay for the quantitation of fmol amounts of the alkaloid colchicine have been developed. The antiserum used for both assays was raised against a conjugate of colchicoside-bovine serum albumin. The crude serum was satisfactory for the performance of the radioimmunoassay. For the enzyme immunoassay, the antibodies had to be isolated and purified by Rivanol treatment with subsequent (NH4)2SO4 precipitation. The measuring range extends from 0.1 to 100 ng colchicine for the radioimmunoassay and from 0.05 to 350 ng for the enzyme immunoassay with detection limits of 125 fmol and 25 fmol, respectively. Both immunoassays cross reacted with colchicoside and 3-demethyl-colchicine up to 80%. The colchicine content in the newly established suspension culture of Colchicum variegatum as well as the influence of various culture media on the colchicine production of this cell culture were investigated with the radioimmunoassay. The enzyme immunoassay was well suited for the quantitation of colchicine in HPLC fractions of Gloriosa and Colchicum seed extracts allowing the rapid, sensitive, and precise determination of the substance under investigation. The preliminary experiments indicate that both colchicine immunoassays can be a useful tool for the analysis of colchicine in tissue and cell culture studies, for analysis of plant extracts as well as for biosynthetic investigations.
A Multi-Sensor Next-Best-View Framework for Geometric Model-Based Robotics Applications (2019)

Geometric models are crucial for many robotics applications. Current robotic 3D reconstruction systems only focus on specific reconstruction goals which make them hard to adapt to different tasks. In this paper we present a next-best-view framework which allows robots to construct a geometric model incrementally through consecutive sensing actions. Instead of limiting the type and total number of sensors, in each sensing step we evaluate actions from all available sensors and pick the best to execute. Our framework is more comprehensive since the model building process can be designed to best accomplish different tasks. The system has been demonstrated in two experiments on 3D reconstruction and weld seam inspection, yielding promising results.
Frequency Ratio of ${}^{199}$Hg and ${}^{87}$Sr Optical Lattice Clocks beyond the SI Limit (2015)

We report on a frequency ratio measurement of a ${}^{199}$Hg-based optical lattice clock referencing a ${}^{87}$Sr-based clock. Evaluations of lattice light shift, including atomic-motion-dependent shift, enable us to achieve a total systematic uncertainty of $7.2 \times 10^{-17}$ for the Hg clock. The frequency ratio is measured to be $ν_{\rm Hg}/ν_{\rm Sr}=2.629\, 314\, 209\, 898\, 909\, 60(22)$ with a fractional uncertainty of $8.4 \times 10^{-17}$, which is smaller than the uncertainty of the realization of the SI second, i.e., the SI limit.
Electrodeposition of InSb branched nanowires: Controlled growth with structurally tailored properties (2014)

In this article, electrodeposition method is used to demonstrate growth of InSb nanowire (NW) arrays with hierarchical branched structures and complex morphology at room temperature using an all-solution, catalyst-free technique. A gold coated, porous anodic alumina membrane provided the template for the branched NWs. The NWs have a hierarchical branched structure, with three nominal regions: a “trunk” (average diameter of 150 nm), large branches (average diameter of 100 nm), and small branches (average diameter of sub-10 nm to sub-20 nm). The structural properties of the branched NWs were studied using scanning transmission electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. In the as-grown state, the small branches of InSb NWs were crystalline, but the trunk regions were mostly nanocrystalline with an amorphous boundary. Post-annealing of NWs at 420 °C in argon produced single crystalline structures along ⟨311⟩ directions for the branches and along ⟨111⟩ for the trunks. Based on the high crystallinity and tailored structure in this branched NW array, the effective refractive index allows us to achieve excellent antireflection properties signifying its technological usefulness for photon management and energy harvesting.
Obesity impairs therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting cardiolipin-dependent mitophagy and intercellular mitochondrial transfer in mouse models of allergic airway inflammation (2021)

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation alleviates metabolic defects in diseased recipient cells by intercellular mitochondrial transport (IMT). However, the effect of host metabolic conditions on MSCs in general, and IMT in particular, has largely remained unexplored. This study has identified a molecular pathway that primarily governs the metabolic function and IMT of MSCs. We found underlying mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired mitophagy, and reduced IMT in MSCs derived from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice (MSC-Ob). Mechanistically, MSC-Ob failed to sequester their damaged mitochondria into LC3-dependent autophagosomes due to decrease in mitochondrial cardiolipin content, which we propose as a putative mitophagy receptor for LC3 in MSCs. Functionally, MSC-Ob exhibited diminished potential to rescue metabolic deficits and cell death in stress-induced epithelial cells. In a small molecule screen, we found pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as a regulator of mitophagy and IMT. Long-term culture of MSC-Ob with PQQ (MSC-Ob PQQ ) restored cardiolipin content and sequestration of mitochondria to autophagosomes with concomitant activation of mitophagy. Upon co-culture, MSC-Ob PQQ rescued cell death in stress-induced epithelial cells by enhancing IMT. The beneficial effect of PQQ was also evident in MSCs derived from human subjects in an in vitro model. In two independent mice models, the transplantation of MSC-Ob PQQ restored IMT to airway epithelial cells, improved their mitochondrial metabolism and attenuated features of allergic airway inflammation (AAI). However, unmodulated MSC-Ob failed to do so. In summary, we uncover the molecular mechanism leading to the therapeutic decline of obese-derived MSCs and highlight the importance of pharmacological modulation of these cells for therapeutic intervention.
Projet CHIROLUM. Comment limiter les impacts écologiques de l’éclairage artificiel nocturne le long des ILTe ? Caractérisation de l’influence des paramètres lumineux des lampes sur les mouvements des chiroptères (2021)

Ce rapport expose les résultats du projet Chirolum ayant pour objectif d'identifier des pistes de réduction des impacts écologiques de l'éclairage artificiel le long des infrastructures de transport. En prenant l'exemple de sites d'études le long de lisières forestières aux Pays-Bas et le long du Canal du Midi à Toulouse, les résultats montrent que la lumière perturbe fortement l'usage de ces continuités écologiques et infrastructures de transport par les chauves-souris, engendrant des modifications dans le comportement de vol et potentiellement des coûts énergétiques supplémentaires, ainsi qu'une diminution de la connectivité fonctionnelle pour ces espèces potentiellement préjudiciables à l'état de santé de leurs populations. Le projet met en évidence que le meilleur levier d'action reste d'éteindre tant que possible les sources de lumière les moins utiles, en montrant notamment que des impacts forts persistent même en changeant la couleur d'éclairage vers du rouge contenant peu de lumière bleue et d'ultraviolets et en diminuant l'intensité. Cependant le projet révèle aussi que les perturbations ne semblent pas s'étaler à plus de quelques dizaines de mètres des sources lumineuses, et que la direction de l'éclairage constitue un paramètre clé sur lequel il est possible d'agir afin de réduire les impacts, en évitant notamment de diriger les éclairages vers les corridors écologiques. Enfin le projet révèle aussi que les perturbations comportementales et fonctionnelles observées au sein de la ville de Toulouse sont le fruit d'un manque de gestion du parc d'éclairage vers des schémas d'extinction ou de réduction, exacerbé par un manque de communication entre services institutionnels susceptibles d'intervenir dans les politiques de prise en compte des enjeux biodiversité en lien avec l'éclairage artificiel.
Functionalized 3D Oligothiophene Dendrons and Dendrimers— Novel Macromolecules for Organic Electronics (2007)

Stammbaum: Die Synthese neuartiger funktionalisierter dendritischer Oligothiophene bis zur vierten Generation wird beschrieben. Die hoch löslichen und strukturell definierten Makromoleküle haben vielversprechende optoelektronische Eigenschaften und zeigen in organischen photovoltaischen Funktionseinheiten eine gute Leistung.
Sugar-Based Microemulsions as Templates for Nanostructured Materials: A Systematic Phase Behavior Study (2014)

Dynamic self-assembled structures found in complex fluids containing surfactant, water, and oil range from spherical and cylindrical aggregates to bicontinuous microemulsions and ordered liquid crystalline phases. These structures are extensively used as templates for the synthesis of nanomaterials. However, the topology of the initial structures and in particular their characteristic length scales often undergo significant changes during polymerization. Increasing the microemulsion viscosity should slow down its reorganization kinetics and, therewith, help to maintain the microemulsion nanostructure during the polymerization process. In this work, we report on systematic phase behavior studies of a new class of highly viscous microemulsions that comprise of surfactant, polymerizable oil, and concentrated water/(sucrose/trehalose) solutions. It is found that the substitution of H2O by sucrose/trehalose shifts the phase boundaries of nonionic microemulsions to lower temperatures, while the opposite trend holds for ionic microemulsions. Our systematic studies revealed that hydrophilic nonionic alkyl glycosides are the most suitable candidates for the preparation of highly viscous and polymerizable microemulsions.
Flow cytometric minimal residual disease assessment in B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients treated with CD19‐targeted therapies — a EuroFlow study (2021)

The standardized EuroFlow protocol, including CD19 as primary B-cell marker, enables highly sensitive and reliable minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL) patients treated with chemotherapy. We developed and validated an alternative gating strategy allowing reliable MRD analysis in BCP-ALL patients treated with CD19-targeting therapies. Concordant data were obtained in 92% of targeted therapy patients who remained CD19-positive, whereas this was 81% in patients that became (partially) CD19-negative. Nevertheless, in both groups median MRD values showed excellent correlation with the original MRD data, indicating that, despite higher interlaboratory variation, the overall MRD analysis was correct.
Comparison of reconstructive techniques after acetabular resection for pelvic chondrosarcoma (2021)

Aims Hip reconstruction after resection of a periacetabular chondrosarcoma is complex and associated with a high rate of complications. Previous reports have compared no reconstruction with historical techniques that are no longer used. The aim of this study was to compare the results of tantalum acetabular reconstruction to both historical techniques and no reconstruction. Methods We reviewed 66 patients (45 males and 21 females) with a mean age of 53 years (24 to 81) who had undergone acetabular resection for chondrosarcoma. A total of 36 patients (54%) underwent acetabular reconstruction, most commonly with a saddle prosthesis (n = 13; 36%) or a tantalum total hip arthroplasty (THA) (n = 10; 28%). Mean follow-up was nine years (SD 4). Results There was no difference in the mean age (p = 0.63), sex (p = 0.110), tumour volume (p = 0.646), or type of resection carried out (p &gt; 0.05) between patients with and without reconstruction. Of the original 66 patients, 61 (92%) were ambulant at final follow-up. There was no difference in the proportion of patients who could walk in the reconstruction and 'no reconstruction' groups (p = 0.649). There was no difference in the mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score between patients who were reconstructed and those who were not (61% vs 56%; p = 0.378). Patients with a tantalum THA had a significantly (p = 0.015) higher mean MSTS score (78%) than those who were reconstructed with a saddle prosthesis (47%) or who had not been reconstructed (56%). Patients who had undergone reconstruction were more likely to have complications (81% vs 53%; p = 0.033). Conclusion Reconstruction after resection of the acetabulum is technically demanding. In selected cases, reconstruction is of benefit, especially when reconstruction is by tantalum THA; however, the follow-up for these patients remains mid-term. When not feasible, patients with no reconstruction have an acceptable functional outcome. Level of Evidence: Level III Therapeutic. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(2):391–397.
Cycloalkyl Fused Dibenzofuran Derived Green Ir(III) Complexes Possessing High Horizontal Emitting Dipole Orientation Ratios and Color Stability at High Doping Concentrations (2022)

Abstract In this study, the photophysical characteristics and electroluminescence of three green Ir(III) complexes with newly created cycloalkyl fused dibenzofuran ligands are examined. The results demonstrate that the cycloalkyl fused dibenzofuran ligand can modify the intermolecular interactions and alter the horizontal emitting dipole orientation ratios of dopants in phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). One of the three phosphors, Ir(TBF) 2 (mppy), shows high photoluminescence quantum yield of 0.96 and a high horizontal emitting dipole orientation ratio of 0.80. Therefore, an optimized PhOLED using Ir(TBF) 2 (mppy) exhibits a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 27.1% and a very small efficiency roll‐off with a high EQE of 25.1% at 10 000 cd m −2 . It is significant that the high EQE device maintains the CIE chromaticity coordinates over a wide doping concentration range (3–10 wt%), thus creating new possibilities for the dopant design strategy for the practical use of PhOLEDs.
Immortalization of human primary B lymphocytes in vitro with DNA. (1995)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human DNA tumor virus that efficiently immortalizes human primary B lymphocytes in vitro. Although viral genes that are expressed in latently infected B lymphocytes have been shown to function in cellular growth control, their detailed genetic analysis has been cumbersome for two reasons. The viral genome is too large to permit genetic engineering and human primary B lymphocytes, the only targets for infection by EBV in vitro, are both intractable in culture and recalcitrant to DNA transfection. To overcome these obstacles, we have assembled all the essential genes of EBV on a single recombinant vector molecule in Escherichia coli. We show here that this mini-EBV plasmid can yield immortalized B cells upon transfer of its naked DNA into human primary B lymphocytes. Established cell lines carry recombinant vector DNA and cannot support virus production. Because this DNA can be easily manipulated in E. coli, mutant mini-EBVs as well as foreign genes can now be introduced and studied successfully in recipient B lymphocytes from any human donors. These mini-EBVs therefore are potentially useful for human gene therapy.
Morphological explanation of the extraordinary fracture toughness of linear low density polyethylenes (1988)

Abstract The fracture toughness of commercial linear low‐density polyethylenes (LLDPE) has been found to be extraordinarily high relative to commercial low‐density (LDPE) and high‐density (HDPE) polyethylenes in previously reported investigations. The present investigation shows that this extraordinary fracture toughness cannot be explained by differences in molecular structure variables, such as molecular weight, long‐chain and short‐chain branching, fractional crystallinity, and comonomer content. Instead, the presence of a second soft phase, which was extractable with a weak solvent, in a hard semicrystalline matrix was discovered by morphological investigations of LLDPE resins. This second phase arises from the extreme compositional heterogeneity of the copolymers which comprise these LLDPE resins. No evidence for a similar morphological entity was found in LDPE and HDPE resins. This finding provides persuasive evidence that this very‐low‐crystallinity second phase performs a function similar to that of the rubberlike second phase in other high impact resins and, thus, leads to the observed extraordinary fracture toughness of LLDPE resins. Evidence for the nature and existence of this second phase is given from temperature‐rising elution fractionation and scanning electron microscopy investigations.
Towards Intelligent Context-Aware 6G Security (2021)

Imagine interconnected objects with embedded artificial intelligence (AI), empowered to sense the environment, see it, hear it, touch it, interact with it, and move. As future networks of intelligent objects come to life, tremendous new challenges arise for security, but also new opportunities, allowing to address current, as well as future, pressing needs. In this paper we put forward a roadmap towards the realization of a new security paradigm that we articulate as intelligent context-aware security. The premise of this roadmap is that sensing and advanced AI will enable context awareness, which in turn can drive intelligent security mechanisms, such as adaptation and automation of security controls. This concept not only provides immediate answers to burning open questions, in particular with respect to non-functional requirements, such as energy or latency constraints, heterogeneity of radio frequency (RF) technologies and long life span of deployed devices, but also, more importantly, offers a viable answer to scalability by allowing such constraints to be met even in massive connectivity regimes. Furthermore, the proposed roadmap has to be designed ethically, by explicitly placing privacy concerns at its core. The path towards this vision and some of the challenges along the way are discussed in this contribution.
The War on Landmines (2018)

Abstract Decades of guerilla warfare in Colombia have left behind a deadly legacy of thousands of landmines. Now a German‐Colombian partnership is developing new ways of detecting these often improvised devices. Innovative technologies such as these can help further the incipient peace process.
Polymer‐Impregnated mortars I. Effect of polymer state on mechanical behavior (1977)

Abstract Mortar specimens were impregnated with methyl methacrylate, n‐butyl acrylate, styrene, and crosslinking agents in various combinations. After polymerization of the monomers in situ, studies of mechanical properties such as Young's modulus and compressive strength were made. In one experiment, various ccpolymers of methyl methacrylate and n‐butyl acrylate were prepared and tested as a function of temperature. Excellent reinforcement was obtained with any combination of monomers as long as the resulting polymer was at a temperature below its glass transition temperature. This suggests that the modulus of the reinforcing polymer is crucial, glassy behavior being required. The addition of crosslinking agents such as TMPTMA increased the high temperature strength, however.