gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible MgO Barrier Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2016)

Flexible MgO barrier magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices are fabricated using a transfer printing process. The flexible MTJ devices yield significantly enhanced tunneling magnetoresistance of ≈300% and improved abruptness of switching, as residual strain in the MTJ structure is released during the transfer process. This approach could be useful for flexible electronic systems that require high-performance memory components.
Update on Postnatal Corticosteroids to Prevent or Treat Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (2019)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication of premature birth that significantly affects mortality and long-term morbidity in numerous immature infants. Corticosteroids are particularly suitable for treating BPD, as lung inflammation is central to its pathogenesis. Corticosteroids have considerable, fast beneficial effects on lung function in premature infants with lung disease, but they are also associated with several serious adverse effects, which may have a detrimental impact on long-term outcome. Dexamethasone is the most often used corticosteroid for systemic administration. Despite its value in preventing and treating BPD, its use is associated with several alarming short-term effects and, worst of all, with an increased rate of cerebral palsy in the long term. Dexamethasone nonetheless remains an important therapeutic option for infants with severe lung disease beyond the second to third week of life. Hydrocortisone is an important alternative to dexamethasone, as its use does not appear to be associated with any neurotoxic effects. Its efficacy in the prevention and treatment of BPD has yet to be clearly demonstrated, however. Inhaled corticosteroids might reduce lung inflammation with fewer systemic adverse effects; however, a recent, large randomized trial showed that inhaled budesonide was associated with an excess mortality, despite its beneficial respiratory effects. In another study, instilling budesonide together with surfactant in the trachea of intubated infants with severe respiratory distress appeared safe and achieved a significant reduction in the rate of BPD at 36 postmenstrual weeks. This important finding needs to be confirmed in a larger trial currently underway.
One-pot synthesis of phenyl- and amine-functionalized silica fibers through the use of anthracenic and phenazinic organogelators (2003)

In a typical one-pot synthesis procedure, hybrid organosilica fibers were grown by templating the co-condensation between TEOS and selected organotrialkoxysilanes (20 mol% of phenyltriethoxysilane, PTES, or aminopropyltriethoxysilane, APTES) through the use of DDOA (2,3-bis(n-decyloxy)anthracene) and DUOP (2,3-bis(n-undecyloxy)phenazine) organogelators in a compatible solvent (ethanol or acetonitrile, respectively). Interestingly, the successful replication of organogelator fibrous assemblies was accomplished working at low pH values (ca. 2–3) in acid catalysed conditions. By SEM and TEM characterizations the hybrid organosilicas were seen to consist of submicronic fibers (100–200 nm) aggregated into highly anisotropic fibrous bundles (1–15 µm thick). In addition, molecular and/or supramolecular interactions between the organogelator and the growing organosiloxane network proved to have an important effect on fiber thickness and on fiber aggregation (intertwined/co-aligned, lamellar- or ribbon-like fibrous bundles). After removal of the organogelator (by calcination or by Soxhlet washing), the fibrous morphologies were perfectly conserved, and the presence of phenyl and amine moieties was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and also by elemental chemical analysis. The formation of a well-condensed and interconnected organosiloxane network was proven by 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, the accessibility and reactivity of the grafted amine groups were also corroborated by performing a simple post-functionalization heterogeneous reaction with diluted benzaldehyde.
Targeting Tissue Lipids in Age-related Macular Degeneration (2016)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness among people over 50 years of age in the industrialized world A cardinal clinical feature of the disease is extracellular deposition of lipid-rich deposits underneath the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) called drusen, which contain high amounts of esterified and unesterified cholesterol In AMD, lipid accumulation can also be observed as sub-retinal drusenoid deposits or as thickening of the Bruch's membrane, an elastin-rich layer that separates the RPE from the choriocapillaris. Although drusen themselves do not always affect vision, they typically precede advanced AMD, which is associated with vision loss. Advanced AMD occurs in two forms that can co-exist: a) geographic atrophy (GA) associated with loss of RPE cells and b) choroidal neovascularization (CNV) characterized by proliferative, anomalous growth of blood vessels underneath the retina that leads to hemorrhage and fibrosis (Fig. Both GA and CNV ultimately cause vision loss due to photoreceptor cell death.
Development of High-Temperature, High-Power, High-Efficiency, High-Voltage Converters Using Silicon Carbide (SiC) Delivery Order Delivery Order 0002: Critical Analysis of SiC VJFET Design and Performance Based Upon Material and Device Properties (2005)

Abstract : Silicon carbide as a semiconductor material possesses several significant physical properties which make it superior for applications to high power devices. This report documents the efforts to develop, demonstrate, and optimize the design and fabrication methodologies for the realization of power vertical junction field effect transistors in the 4H-polytype of silicon carbide. Theoretical prediction and modeling simulation, incorporating all the significant SiC specific device physics, are utilized to develop a design methodology which is to ultimately be used for device fabrication. The results illustrate that good agreement between theoretical prediction and accurately modeled simulations can be achieved and enable the forecasting of device performance as a function of temperature, design modification, and variations in material transport characteristics.
ColumnML (2018)

The ability to perform machine learning (ML) tasks in a database management system (DBMS) provides the data analyst with a powerful tool. Unfortunately, integration of ML into a DBMS is challenging for reasons varying from differences in execution model to data layout requirements. In this paper, we assume a column-store main-memory DBMS, optimized for online analytical processing, as our initial system. On this system, we explore the integration of coordinate-descent based methods working natively on columnar format to train generalized linear models. We use a cache-efficient, partitioned stochastic coordinate descent algorithm providing linear throughput scalability with the number of cores while preserving convergence quality, up to 14 cores in our experiments. Existing column oriented DBMS rely on compression and even encryption to store data in memory. When those features are considered, the performance of a CPU based solution suffers. Thus, in the paper we also show how to exploit hardware acceleration as part of a hybrid CPU+FPGA system to provide on-the-fly data transformation combined with an FPGA-based coordinate-descent engine. The resulting system is a column-store DBMS with its important features preserved (e.g., data compression) that offers high performance machine learning capabilities.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Peptidic HIV Protease Inhibitors: C2‐Symmetry‐Based Design of Bis‐sulfonamide Dihydropyrones. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ATLAS measurements of the properties of jets for boosted particle searches (2012)

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM
Primary structure and comparative sequence analysis of an insect apolipoprotein. Apolipophorin-III from Manduca sexta. (1987)

The amino acid sequence of an insect apolipoprotein, apolipophorin-III from Manduca sexta, was determined by a combination of cDNA and protein sequencing. The mature hemolymph protein consists of 166 amino acids. The cDNA also encodes for an amino-terminal extension of 23 amino acids which is not represented in the mature hemolymph protein. The existence of a precursor protein was confirmed by in vitro translation of fat body mRNA. Computer-assisted comparative sequence analysis revealed the following points: 1) the protein is composed of tandemly repeating tetradecapeptide units with a high potential for forming amphiphilic helical structures. Compared to mammalian apolipoproteins the repeat units in the insect apolipoprotein show considerable length variability; 2) the sequence has a striking resemblance to several human apolipoproteins including apoE, AIV, AI, and CI. However, the homology seems to be entirely functional since, although the insect and mammalian apoproteins contain very similar types of amino acid residues, the actual degree of sequence identity is quite low. Whether the mammalian and insect apoproteins are derived from a common ancestral amphiphilic helix forming, lipid-binding protein, or arose by convergent evolution can not be determined at present. This represents the first complete amino acid sequence for an insect apolipoprotein.
Synthesis of trans-2-(Trifluoromethyl)cyclopropanes via Suzuki Reactions with an N-Methyliminodiacetic Acid Boronate (2013)

trans-2-(Trifluoromethyl)cyclopropylboronic acid N-methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) ester 5 was synthesized as a pure diastereomer from vinylboronic acid MIDA ester and (trifluoromethyl)diazomethane in a single step. An X-ray study confirmed the trans-stereochemistry around the cyclopropyl ring. Use of 5 in Suzuki reactions, with a variety of aryl or heteroaryl coupling partners, provided trans-2-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl products in moderate to excellent yields (17-90%).
Data from Methylation Markers for <i>CCNA1</i> and <i>C13ORF18</i> Are Strongly Associated with High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cervical Cancer in Cervical Scrapings (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Purpose: Recently, we reported 13 possible cervical cancer–specific methylated biomarkers identified by pharmacologic unmasking microarray in combination with large-genome computational screening. The aim of the present study was to perform an in-depth analysis of the methylation patterns of these 13 candidate genes in cervical neoplasia and to determine their diagnostic relevance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Experimental Design and Results: Five of the 13 gene promoters (&lt;i&gt;C13ORF18, CCNA1, TFPI2, C1ORF166&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;NPTX1&lt;/i&gt;) were found to be more frequently methylated in frozen cervical cancer compared with normal cervix specimens. Quantitative methylation analysis for these five markers revealed that both &lt;i&gt;CCNA1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;C13ORF18&lt;/i&gt; were methylated in 68 of 97 cervical scrapings from cervical cancer patients and in only 5 and 3 scrapings, respectively, from 103 healthy controls (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0005). In cervical scrapings from patients referred with an abnormal Pap smear, &lt;i&gt;CCNA1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;C13ORF18&lt;/i&gt; were methylated in 2 of 43 and 0 of 43 CIN 0 (no cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) and in 1 of 41 and 0 of 41 CIN I, respectively. Furthermore, 8 of 43 CIN II, 22 of 43 CIN III, and 3 of 3 microinvasive cancer patients were positive for both markers. Although sensitivity for CIN II or higher (for both markers 37%) was low, specificity (96% and 100%, respectively) and positive predictive value (92% and 100%, respectively) were high.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion: Methylation of &lt;i&gt;CCNA1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;C13ORF18&lt;/i&gt; in cervical scrapings is strongly associated with CIN II or higher-grade lesions. Therefore, these markers might be used for direct referral to gynecologists for patients with a methylation-positive scraping. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(11):3000–7)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
How Accurate Is Computed Tomography in Predicting the Real Size of Adrenal Tumors? (1997)

Computed tomography underestimates the real size of adrenal tumors. The CT-estimated value should be corrected accordingly to obtain the real size. The size of an adrenal tumor, even when corrected, cannot predict the tumor's clinical behavior in many cases. Surgeons should always cautiously interpret the proposed diagnostic cutoffs, especially when considering surgical or conservative management of small nonfunctioning adrenal tumors.
Minimizing the current harmonics RMS value of three-phase PWM converter systems by optimal and suboptimal transition between continuous and discontinuous modulation (2002)

A given converter voltage space vector can be realized by a three-phase PWM converter system by switching only two bridge legs. There, the third phase is clamped to the positive or negative DC link voltage. This method is called discontinuous modulation, due to the discontinuous shape of the generating phase modulation functions. As a closer analysis shows, the discontinuous method allows an increase in the effective system pulse frequency, dependent on the phase angle between converter output voltage and output current. The basis for a comparison with the continuous method is chosen as equal average switching losses of any converter bridge leg. For harmonic-optimal operation one must change between continuous and discontinuous modulation (or between various variants of the discontinuous modulation), depending on the load status. The harmonic losses of the control methods are calculated directly in the time domain. For this purpose, the space vector calculus is applied and approximations are used which are sufficiently exact for PWM converter systems with high pulse frequency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Improving the Performance of Neural Networks in Regression Tasks Using Drawering (2016)

The method presented extends a given regression neural network to make its performance improve. The modification affects the learning procedure only, hence the extension may be easily omitted during evaluation without any change in prediction. It means that the modified model may be evaluated as quickly as the original one but tends to perform better. This improvement is possible because the modification gives better expressive power, provides better behaved gradients and works as a regularization. The knowledge gained by the temporarily extended neural network is contained in the parameters shared with the original neural network. The only cost is an increase in learning time.
Inter-observer variations on interpretation of capsule endoscopies (2006)

Our results show that there is moderate degree of inter-observer discrepancies on the interpretation of capsule endoscopy. A second reading by an experienced viewer might improve the diagnostic accuracy of this investigation.
Expression of mucosal chemokines TECK/CCL25 and MEC/CCL28 during fetal development of the ovine mucosal immune system (2007)

International audience
Interleukin-22 promotes phagolysosomal fusion to induce protection against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium in human epithelial cells (2018)

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play a key role in regulating immune responses and controlling infection. However, the direct role of IECs in restricting pathogens remains incompletely understood. Here, we provide evidence that IL-22 primed intestinal organoids derived from healthy human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) to restrict <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium SL1344 infection. A combination of transcriptomics, bacterial invasion assays, and imaging suggests that IL-22-induced antimicrobial activity is driven by increased phagolysosomal fusion in IL-22-pretreated cells. The antimicrobial phenotype was absent in hIPSCs derived from a patient harboring a homozygous mutation in the <i>IL10RB</i> gene that inactivates the IL-22 receptor but was restored by genetically complementing the IL10RB deficiency. This study highlights a mechanism through which the IL-22 pathway facilitates the human intestinal epithelium to control microbial infection.
Ambient electrospray deposition Raman spectroscopy (AESD RS) using soft landed preformed silver nanoparticles for rapid and sensitive analysis (2019)

We introduce a technique called ambient electrospray deposition Raman spectroscopy (AESD RS) for rapid and sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based detection of analytes using a miniature Raman spectrometer. Using electrospray, soft landing of preformed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was performed for 30-40 seconds for different concentrations of analytes deposited on conducting glass slides. Using AESD RS, SERS signals were collected within 4-6 minutes, including sample preparation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dark-field microscopy (DFM) were used to characterize the preformed AgNPs before and after electrospray. We achieved the nanomolar and micromolar detection of p-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), respectively. In this work, 0.3 μL of preformed AgNPs were used, which is ∼33 times less in volume than the quantity needed for conventional SERS. Quantitation of unknown concentration of analytes was also possible. A similar amount of electrosprayed AgNPs was utilized to characterize Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria of different concentrations. Viability of bacteria was tested using fluorescence microscopic imaging. Besides reduced analysis time and improved reproducibility of the data in every analysis, which is generally difficult in SERS, the amount of AgNPs required is an order of magnitude lower in this method. This method could also be used to probe the real-time changes in molecular and biological species under ambient conditions.
Vacancy supersaturation in Si under SiO2 caused by SiO formation during annealing in Ar (1989)

At high temperatures and low oxygen partial pressures, decomposition of SiO2 can occur to form volatile SiO by the reaction Si+SiO2→2SiO. Since the Si atoms are supplied from the substrate, vacancies are generated at the SiO2/Si interface. This has been confirmed by observations of enhanced diffusion of Sb, retarded diffusion of P, and an accelerated shrinkage of extrinsic stacking faults in Si under thin SiO2 annealed in Ar at 1100 °C. As the oxide thickness increases, the vacancy supersaturation rapidly decreases, which is probably a result of a reduced SiO generation flux with increasing oxide thickness as the out-diffusion of SiO tends to control the rate of the overall decomposition process. When a polysilicon layer is on top of SiO2/Si, the SiO formation process occurs nonuniformly and circular features appear where the poly-Si layers have been completely removed. Vacancies were injected only through these circular features while the vacancy concentration in the rest of the region was not perturbed.
Living carbocationic polymerization. IV. Living polymerization of isobutylene (1987)

Abstract Truly living polymerization of isobutylene (IB) has been achieved for the first time by the use of new initiating systems comprising organic acetate‐BCl 3 complexes under conventional laboratory conditions in various solvents from −10 to −50°C. The overall rates of polymerization are very high, which necessitated the development of the incremental monomer addition (IMA) technique to demonstrate living systems. The living nature of the polymerizations was demonstrated by linear M n versus grams polyisobutylene (PIB) formed plots starting at the origin and horizontal number of polymer molecules formed versus amount of polymer formed plots. DP n obeys [IB]/[CH 3 COOR t · BCl 3 ]. Molecular weight distributions (MWD) are very narrow in homogeneous systems ( M w / M n = 1.2–1.3) whereas somewhat broader values are obtained when the polymer precipitates out of solution ( M w / M n = 1.4–3.0). The MWDs tend to narrow with increasing molecular weights, i.e., with the accumulation of precipitated polymer in the reactor. Traces of moisture do not affect the outcome of living polymerizations. In the presence of monomer both first and second order chain transfer to monomer are avoided even at −10°C. The diagnosis of first and second order chain transfer has been accomplished, and the first order process seems to dominate. Forced termination can be effected either by thermally decomposing the propagating complexes or by nucleophiles. In either case the end groups will be tertiary chlorides. The living polymerization of isobutylene initiated by ester. BCl 3 complexes most likely proceeds by a two‐component group transfer polymerization.
Recent progress of EUV full-field exposure tool in Selete (2009)

The Selete full-field EUV exposure tool, the EUV1, was manufactured by Nikon and is being set up at Selete. Its
lithographic performance was evaluated in exposure experiments with a static slit using line-&-space (L&S) patterns,
Selete Standard Resist 03 (SSR3), an NA of 0.25, and conventional illumination (σ = 0.8). The results showed that 25-
nm L&S patterns were resolved. Dynamic exposure experiments showed the resolution to be 45 nm across the exposure
field and the CD uniformity across a shot to be 3 nm, also 26-nm L&S patterns were resolved.
Overlay performance of the EUV1 was showed as processed wafer mark alignment, the repeatability was under 1nm.
Overlay accuracy using EGA (Enhanced Global Alignment) was below 4nm at the 3-sigma after liner correction. These
results were good enough for an alpha-level lithography tool and test site verification.
Testosterone, Shbg and Albumin in Patients with Ovarian Carcinoma (1986)

Plasma testosterone, unbound testosterone, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) and albumin were studied in women with 'non-endocrine' ovarian carcinoma prior to and during chemotherapy. Fifty-one postmenopausal or oophorectomized women with cancer of the ovary were studied. The histologic types were IC, IIC, IIIC, V and FIGO stages I-IV. Tumor volumes were evaluated once a month using bimanual recto-vaginal palpation under anesthesia. Blood samples were drawn for testosterone radio-immunoassay, SHBG and albumin analysis on four occasions at monthly intervals. Plasma levels were compared with a control group of postmenopausal women, a control group of fertile women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, and finally a control group of postmenopausal women with non-gynecologic disseminated malignant disease. Testosterone concentrations were found to be higher in women with carcinoma of the ovary than in postmenopausal controls and showed a relationship to tumor volume. Histologic type and FIGO stage were found to be less closely related to plasma testosterone concentration. No significant change was found in the unbound testosterone fraction. SHBG concentrations were elevated in the Large-tumor group. Albumin concentrations were decreased in the Large-tumor group, advanced tumor stage group and in the control group with non-gynecologic disseminated malignant disease.