gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon‐Phthalocyanine‐Cored Fullerene Dendrimers: Synthesis and Prolonged Charge‐Separated States with Dendrimer Generations (2006)

Silicon-phthalocyanine-cored fullerodendrimers with up to eight fullerene substituents (SiPc-n C(60); n=2, 4, and 8) have been synthesized. Photophysical properties of newly synthesized SiPc-n C(60) have been investigated by time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption analysis with pulsed laser light. Laser photolysis measurements suggest the occurrence of a charge-separation process from (1)SiPc* to the C(60) subunits. The nanosecond transient absorption spectra in the near-IR region indicate that the lifetimes of the formed radical ion pairs are prolonged on the order of SiPc-8 C(60)>SiPc-4 C(60)>SiPc-2 C(60), which may be related to the electron migration among the C(60) subunits. The usefulness of SiPc-n C(60) as light-harvesting systems, evaluated as a ratio of the rates of charge recombination to those of charge separation, increases markedly with the dendrimer generation.
What is the Role of Cholesterol in Huntington’s disease? (2011)

Aleksey Kazantsev is Associate Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School and Massachusett General Hospital in Boston, MA, USA, and a Visiting Professor at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin, Germany. He is a member of the Society for Neuroscience and an associate member of the European Huntington’s Disease Network. Over the past 12 years, Professor Kazantsev has devoted his time to discovering effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. His most important work in this area has been the discovery and development of small-molecule inhibitors of polyglutamate aggregation, which has now progressed to intensive preclinical development. More recently, his work has led to the identification of a novel molecular drug target, the microtubule deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2). Under his leadership, collaborative groups have discovered potent selective SIRT2 inhibitors that have been demonstrated to have beneficial effects in both Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease. Professor Kazantsev’s current research is focused on elucidating the neuronal function(s) of sirtuin proteins, with a specific focus on the role of SIRT2 in the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis.
Thiol-Based Regulation of Redox-Active Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase from Arabidopsis thaliana (2007)

Glutathione biosynthesis is a key component in the network of plant stress responses that counteract oxidative damage and maintain intracellular redox environment. Using a combination of mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis, we examined the response of Arabidopsis thaliana glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) to changes in redox environment. Mass spectrometry identified two disulfide bonds (Cys186-Cys406 and Cys349-Cys364) in GCL. Mutation of either Cys-349 or Cys-364 to a Ser reduced reaction rate by twofold, but substitution of a Ser for either Cys-186 or Cys-406 decreased activity by 20-fold and abrogated the response to changes in redox environment. Redox titrations show that the regulatory disulfide bond has a midpoint potential comparable with other known redox-responsive plant proteins. Mutation of Cys-102, Cys-251, Cys-349, or Cys-364 did not alter the response to redox environment, indicating that modulation of activity depends on the Cys186-Cys406 disulfide bond. In vivo analysis of GCL in Arabidopsis root extracts revealed that multiple oxidative stresses altered the distribution of oxidized (active) and reduced (inactive) enzyme and that this change correlated with increased GCL activity. The thiol-based regulation of GCL provides a posttranslational mechanism for modulating enzyme activity in response to in vivo redox environment and suggests a role for oxidative signaling in the maintenance of glutathione homeostasis in plants.
Size Measurement of Polystyrene Latex Particles Larger than 1 Micrometer using a Long Differential Mobility Analyzer (2004)

We describe a newly constructed annular-type differential mobility analyzer (DMA) with an effective electrode length of 60 cm, which is longer than that of our original DMA (40 cm length). This long DMA was developed to extend the classification size of particles measuring up to 1.5 μm. As an application of this DMA, the mean diameters and standard deviations were determined for six samples of monodisperse polystyrene latex (PSL) particles ranging from 0.94 to 1.27 μm in nominal diameter. These PSL particles suspended in double-distilled water were aerosolized by a glass nebulizer and then introduced into the DMA. The mean diameters and standard deviations of these PSL particles were calculated by Ehara's method and compared with the nominal diameters and uncertainties. There was good correlation between the nominal diameters of these samples—particularly for recently certified samples—and the measured diameters. Classification of aerosol particles more than 1 micrometer in diameter using this DMA will be useful for many purposes.
In VitroAnalysis of a Hammerhead Ribozyme Targeted to Infectious Bronchitis Virus Nucleocapsid mRNA (2005)

Hammerhead ribozymes are catalytic RNA molecules that specifically cleave a target RNA molecule. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and in vitro analysis of a hammerhead ribozyme targeted to the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) nucleocapsid mRNA. At a concentration of 0.5 or 10 microM, the ribozyme, designated IBV-N-Rz, effectively cleaved target RNAs in trans (37 C, 10 mM MgCl2, 50 mM Tris). Cleavage products were visualized by agarose gel analysis. The time course of the ribozyme reaction was monitored by agarose gel analysis and relative quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The amount of target RNA continually declined over a 5-hr period, indicating that the ribozyme was truly catalytic. Although stability and delivery problems must be overcome, a hammerhead ribozyme targeted to the IBV nucleocapsid mRNA most likely has antiviral activity and may be an effective therapeutic/prophylactic reagent in the future.
Azo anions in synthesis. Use of trityl- and diphenyl-4-pyridylmethyl-hydrazones for reductive C–C bond formation from aldehydes and ketones (1984)

The lithium salts for trityl- and diphenyl-4-pyridylmethyl-hydrazones of both aldehydes and ketones react with electrophiles (alkyl haldies, aldehydes, and ketones) at low temperature to form C-trapped azo compounds; these intermediates decompose homolytically with loss of nitrogen below room temperature and can be diverted in a synthetically useful way to alkanes, or alkenes, or alcohols.
Reactions of triplet diphenylcarbene by hydrogen atom tunneling in rigid media (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of triplet diphenylcarbene by hydrogen atom tunneling in rigid mediaMatthew S. Platz, V. P. Senthilnathan, Bradford B. Wright, and C. W. McCurdy Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 24, 6494–6501Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00388a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00388a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Near-Infrared Optical Tomography in Endoscopy-Geometry (2006)

The use of Near-Infrared (NIR) Optical Tomography in endoscopy geometries for imaging internal organs such as the prostate, colon and rectum are discussed. The NIR tomography can be used for internal organs because of the development of appropriate applicator arrays. The applicator uses a broadband light source which passes through a collimating lens forming a one dimensional linear distribution of source spectrum. The endoscope NIR probe when used in the rectum produces a reconstructed image that shows excellent contrast of the occlusion over the ex vivo background tissue. This innovative technique presents a new way for detection of non-invasive tissue specific cancer in internal organs.
Characterization and Expression of Calpain 10 (2001)

Calpains are calcium-dependent intracellular nonlysosomal proteases that are believed to hydrolyze specific substrates important in calcium-regulated signaling pathways. Recently, an atypical member of the calpain family, calpain 10, was described, and genetic variation in this gene was associated with an increased risk of type II diabetes mellitus in humans. In the present report, a polyclonal antibody directed against rat calpain 10 was developed. This antibody was used to monitor the expression of calpain 10 protein in tissues from rats, mice, and humans. Calpain 10 protein was found to be present in all tissues examined by Western blotting including the lens, retina, brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. Although some calpain 10 was detectable in the water-soluble protein fraction of these tissues, it was preferentially found in the water-insoluble fraction. In the lens, immunohistochemistry revealed that calpain 10 was predominately located in the cytoplasm of epithelial and newly differentiating lens fibers at the transition zone. However, calpain 10 was found to be associated with the plasma membrane of differentiated lens fiber cells and the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle. In the lens epithelium-derived cell line, alphaTN4-1, the calpain 10 protein was found in a punctate distribution in the cell nucleus as well as the cytoplasm. After the elevation of intracellular calcium levels with ionomycin, calpain 10 protein levels in the nucleus of alphaTN4-1 cells increased markedly, whereas those in the cytoplasm decreased. In the lens, the elevation of intracellular calcium levels after selenite administration resulted in increased levels of calpain 10 RNA within 1 day and a loss of calpain 10 protein from the lens nucleus coincident with the onset of selenite cataract. In conclusion, calpain 10 seems to be a ubiquitous calpain, the expression level and subcellular distribution of which are dynamically influenced by calcium.
Dutch Resolution: Separationof Enantiomers with Families of Resolving Agents. A Status Report (2003)

Dutch Resolution is the term given to the use of mixtures (families) of resolving agents in classical resolutions. In this status report an overview is given of the latest results and new (possible) families of resolving agents are introduced. The concept of families is discussed as well as the factors that come into play on use of families. Practical aspects of Dutch Resolution in particular and resolutions in general are discussed.
Diversity of draining lymph node-tumor overlapping T cell receptor repertoire reflects the anti-tumor effect of cancer immunotherapies (2021)

Abstract CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, the main effector cells of anti-tumor immune responses, are composed of various T cell clones. Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of tumor-reactive T cell clones with high frequency in tumors. However, it remains unclear as to which of the two mechanisms, the expansion of limited tumor-specific clones or the induction of diverse tumor-reactive ones, is more beneficial for the action of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). To address this question, we performed a T cell receptor repertoire analysis on B16F10 and on Lewis lung carcinoma tumor-bearing mice treated with immunotherapy including anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and anti-CD4 depletion mAb, which enhance the expansion of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. We focused on the T cell clones that overlapped between the tumor and draining lymph node (dLN) to analyze the T cell clones that were mobilized into the anti-tumor response after treatment. In anti-PD-L1 and anti-CD4 treated mice, the total frequency of CD8+ dLN-tumor overlapping clones in the tumor was increased. Surprisingly, although the expansion of the top10 overlapping clones did not differ, ICI treatment increased the total frequency of the 11th or lower overlapping clones, indicating the broadening of the tumor-reactive T cell repertoire. Moreover, the administration of FTY720 to tumor-bearing mice, which inhibits egress of T cells from the LNs to circulation, reduced the total frequency of the 11th or lower overlapping clones in the tumor and reduced the long-term anti-tumor effect of anti-PD-L1 treatment. These results suggest that mobilization of diverse tumor-reactive clones is essential for enhancing and persistent anti-tumor effect of ICIs.
On-Chip Squeezed-State Generation via Dual-Pumped Four-Wave Mixing (2020)

We experimentally demonstrate on-chip generation of quadrature squeezed light with a loss-corrected squeezing level of 3.1 dB. This technology provides a light source solution for photonics based large-scale continuous-variable quantum information processing.
AB063. SOH23ABS_153. Time to surgery for acute uncomplicated appendicitis in a tertiary referral centre (2023)

Background: Appendicectomy is the most commonly performed emergency surgery worldwide. Both patient and hospital-related factors determine the timing of appendicectomy. Recent literature shows that a short in-hospital delay (<24 hours) is not associated with increased morbidity in patients with acute uncomplicated appendicitis. The current guidelines recommend against delaying appendicectomy for acute appendicitis beyond 24 hours from admission. The aim of this study was to determine the time of surgery in acute uncomplicated appendicitis and assess the in-hospital delay compared to the standard recommendations.
Convolutional Neural Networks for High Throughput Screening of Catalyst Layer Inks for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2021)

The performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells decisively depends on the structure and processes in membrane electrode assemblies and their components, in particular the catalyst layers. Essential structural building blocks of catalyst layers are formed during processing and application of catalyst inks. Accelerating the structural characterization at the ink stage is thus crucial to expedite further advances in catalyst layer design and fabrication. In this context, deep learning algorithms based on deep convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) can automate the processing of the complex and multi-scale structural features of ink imaging data. This article presents the first application of ConvNets for the high throughput screening of transmission electron microscopy images at the ink stage. Results indicate the importance of model pre-training and employment of data augmentation that works on multiple scales in the training of robust and accurate classification pipelines.
Characterization of Neural Interaction During Learning and Adaptation from Spike-Train Data (2005)

A basic task in understanding the neural mechanism of learning and adaptation is to detect and characterize neural interactions and their changes in response to new experiences. Recent experimental work has indicated that neural interactions in the primary motor cortex of the monkey brain tend to change their preferred directions during adaptation to an external force field. To quantify such changes, it is necessary to develop computational methodology for data analysis. Given that typical experimental data consist of spike trains recorded from individual neurons, probing the strength of neural interactions and their changes is extremely challenging. We recently reported in a brief communication [Zhu et al., Neural Computations 15, 2359 (2003)] a general procedure to detect and quantify the causal interactions among neurons, which is based on the method of directed transfer function derived from a class of multivariate, linear stochastic models. The procedure was applied to spike trains from neurons in the primary motor cortex of the monkey brain during adaptation, where monkeys were trained to learn a new skill by moving their arms to reach a target under external perturbations. Our computation and analysis indicated that the adaptation tends to alter the connection topology of the underlying neural network, yet the average interaction strength in the network is approximately conserved before and after the adaptation. The present paper gives a detailed account of this procedure and its applicability to spike-train data in terms of the hypotheses, theory, computational methods, control test, and extensive analysis of experimental data.
Capillary zone electrophoresis separation and collection of spermatozoa for the forensic analysis of sexual assault evidence (2020)

The processing of sexual assault kits (SAKs) relies on the genetic analysis of material extracted from swabs collected from the assault victim. A vital step in producing an identifiable DNA profile of the perpetrator is the effective separation of perpetrator (sperm) and victim (epithelial) DNA that have been isolated from the collected evidence. We report the use of capillary zone electrophoresis for the separation of intact sperm from whole and lysed epithelial cells in SAKs. The separated components are deposited into wells of a microtiter plate using a computer-controlled fraction collector, and quantitative PCR is used to verify the collection of sperm cells by targeted amplification of male DNA. We present results from simulated sexual assault samples that have been aged for up to 18 months, as well as vaginal swabs from authentic forensic kits. Components extracted from the vaginal swabs from the SAK comigrated with an aged semen sample at 6.25 ± 0.25 min. Epithelial cells migrated from 10-12 min, producing baseline resolution of the components. Sperm cells were collected in a microtiter plate for downstream analysis.
Effects of Composition Ratio on Solution-Processed InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistors (2013)

We fabricated solution-processed IGZO TFTs with various composition ratio of precursors according to the contents of In, Ga, and Zn. Threshold voltage of solution-processed IGZO TFTs was -0.43 V, 3.86 V, and 11.12 V when the composition ratio was varied by 7:1:2, 6:3:1, and 5:1:4, respectively. Saturation mobility of solution-processed IGZO TFTs was 1.4 cm 2 /V∙sec, 0.84 cm 2 /V∙sec, and 0.3 cm 2 /V∙sec with the composition ratio of 7:1:2, 6:3:1, and 5:1:4 respectively. When In composition ratio increased, the threshold voltage decreased and saturation mobility increased because of the increase of electron concentration. When Ga composition ratio increased, the off-current was decreased because of the suppression of formation of oxygen vacancies. When Zn composition ratio increased, the hysteresis was decreased because of the reduction of interstitial states between channel and insulator.
Multi-method dispatching (1999)

IntroductionCurrent object oriented programming languages (OOPLs) rely on mono-method dispatching.Recent research has identified multi-methods as a new, powerful feature to be added to OOPLs, and several experimental OOPLs now have multi-methods.Their ultimate success and impact in practice depends, among other things, on whether multimethod dispatching can be supported efficiently.We show that the multi-method dispatching problem can be transformed to a geometric problem on multi-dimensional integer grids, for which we then develop a data structure that uses near-linear space and has log-logarithmic query time.This gives a solution whose performance almost matches that of the best known algorithm for mono-method dispatching.
Design and Synthesis of Novel and Selective Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2a) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Memory Disorders (2017)

A series of potent and selective [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine PDE2a inhibitors is reported. The design and improvement of the binding properties of this series was achieved using X-ray crystal structures in conjunction with careful analysis of electronic and structural requirements for the PDE2a enzyme. One of the lead compounds, compound 27 (DNS-8254), was identified as a potent and highly selective PDE2a enzyme inhibitor with favorable rat pharmacokinetic properties. Interestingly, the increased potency of compound 27 was facilitated by the formation of a halogen bond with the oxygen of Tyr827 present in the PDE2a active site. In vivo, compound 27 demonstrated significant memory enhancing effects in a rat model of novel object recognition. Taken together, these data suggest that compound 27 may be a useful tool to explore the pharmacology of selective PDE2a inhibition.
A Case Study Comparing Heterogeneous Lysine- and Site-Specific Cysteine-Conjugated Maytansinoid Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) Illustrates the Benefits of Lysine Conjugation (2019)

Antibody-drug conjugates are an emerging class of cancer therapeutics constructed from monoclonal antibodies conjugated with small molecule effectors. First-generation molecules of this class often employed heterogeneous conjugation chemistry, but many site-specifically conjugated ADCs have been described recently. Here, we undertake a systematic comparison of ADCs made with the same antibody and the same macrocyclic maytansinoid effector but conjugated either heterogeneously at lysine residues or site-specifically at cysteine residues. Characterization of these ADCs in vitro reveals generally similar properties, including a similar catabolite profile, a key element in making a meaningful comparison of conjugation chemistries. In a mouse model of cervical cancer, the lysine-conjugated ADC affords greater efficacy on a molar payload basis. Rather than making general conclusions about ADCs conjugated by a particular chemistry, we interpret these results as highlighting the complexity of ADCs and the interplay between payload class, linker chemistry, target antigen, and other variables that determine efficacy in a given setting.