gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Costs and benefits of fighting infection in locusts (2002)

If individuals of different species vary in their risk of acquiring infectious disease, this variation is expected to result in systematic differences in immune defence structures across species. I used phylogenetic comparative methods to examine the correlates of spleen mass in primates, based on a priori hypotheses involving disease risk, sexual selection and correlations among organ systems. All comparative tests controlled for body mass. Contrary to predictions that more social species experience greater risk of acquiring infectious disease and should therefore exhibit increased immune defence, spleen mass was not associated with measures of sociality. Species with slower life histories had larger spleens, as expected if such species come into contact with a greater number of parasites throughout life. However, spleen mass was unrelated to use of the ground or increased mating promiscuity, both of which are thought to increase transmission of parasites. In contrast to patterns documented in previous research on birds, primate spleen mass showed no association with sexual selection involving male–male competition. The comparative tests found only one correlation among the spleen and other organs, involving the liver, which has some immune defence functions early in life. Several factors may explain the general absence of support for patterns in primates, as compared to patterns documented previously in birds, including differences in the expression of sexual selection and the involvement of the mammalian spleen in bodily functions unrelated to immune defence. These analyses suggest that spleen mass is not a useful predictor of disease risk in primates, which is important for future comparative research on the correlates of parasitism in mammals.
Conversion of carbon dioxide to propionaldehyde over cobalt and rhodium nanoparticles supported on MIL-53 (Al) metal–organic framework (2016)

The two-step conversion of carbon dioxide to propionic acid and propionaldehyde has been studied in the presence of novel catalysts, cobalt and rhodium nanoparticles supported on MIL-53(Al) microporous metal–organic framework. The first step is hydrogenation of carbon dioxide with formation of synthesis gas over cobalt-containing catalyst Co/MIL-53(Al) (500°C, 1 atm), and the second step is continuous (without separation) Rh/MIL-53 (Al)-catalyzed hydroformylation of ethylene with the synthesis gas formed in the first step.
The first enantioselective total syntheses of the allopumiliotoxin A alkaloids 267A and 339B (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe first enantioselective total syntheses of the allopumiliotoxin A alkaloids 267A and 339BSteven W. Goldstein, Larry E. Overman, and Michael H. RabinowitzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 4, 1179–1190Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00030a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00030a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1600Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Reservoir Fracture Orientation and Density from Reflected and Scattered Seismic Energy (2004)

C043 RESERVOIR FRACTURE ORIENTATION AND DENSITY FROM REFLECTED AND SCATTERED SEISMIC ENERGY M. E. WILLIS F. PEARCE D. R. BURNS J. BYUN B. MINSLEY Earth Resources Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology 42 Carleton St. Cambridge MA USA 02142 Abstract Synthetic seismic shot records were generated using a 3D elastic finite difference modeling code simulating the seismic scattering from sets of discrete large-scale vertical fractures in a subsurface reservoir. We used these shot records to develop data analysis methods applicable to reflection seismic field data in order to determine the orientation and density of the fractures. For shot records acquired parallel
Supplementary File 4 from Identifying Allelic Loss and Homozygous Deletions in Pancreatic Cancer without Matched Normals Using High-Density Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Arrays (2023)

Supplementary File 4 from Identifying Allelic Loss and Homozygous Deletions in Pancreatic Cancer without Matched Normals Using High-Density Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Arrays
Thermally Activated Nitrogen/Heat Generating Reaction: A Kinetic Study (2023)

Sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride are the most widely used thermochemicals in the oil and gas industry. The kinetics of this reaction when activated with acids or acid precursors were the subject of extensive research by several researchers. The activation of such a highly spontaneous/vigorous reaction by heat is considered a promising reaction control. In this work, a kinetic study was carried out for the reaction of sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride salt activated by heat at 1-5 M and temperatures of 50-90 °C. The study was carried out in both closed and open systems, with the monitoring of gas evolution and generated pressure. The study showed a relatively higher order for ammonium chloride than sodium nitrite. The excess amount of ammonium chloride, a weak acid, enhanced the reaction as it could be catalyzed by both heat and acid. The obtained kinetics of the nitrogen generating reaction is given as d<i>c</i>/d<i>t</i> = -7.66 × 10<sup>11</sup> <i>C</i> <sub>o</sub> <sup>2.45</sup> <i>e</i> <sup>(-91.44 kJ/mol)/<i>RT</i></sup> . The reaction kinetics in this study differs from what is reported in the literature regarding the order of NH<sub>4</sub>Cl, which was reported to be higher than that of NaNO<sub>2</sub> under examined conditions. This study has practical significance for controlling the reactivity of the NH<sub>4</sub>Cl/NaNO<sub>2</sub> nitrogen/heat generating system and calculating/optimizing nitrogen generation for a specific field application.
Effect of colcemid on the water permeability response to vasopressin in isolated perfused rabbit collecting tubules. (1992)

1. The effect of the microtubule-disruptive agent, colcemid (N-deacetyl-N-methyl-colchicine), on the water permeability response to vasopressin has been investigated in isolated cortical collecting tubules from the rabbit kidney perfused in vitro. 2. Pretreatment of collecting tubules with colcemid inhibited the increase in water permeability elicited by vasopressin, 50 microU ml-1, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After 75 min exposure to the drug, inhibition of the response to the hormone averaged 72 +/- 6% (n = 4, P < 0.01) at a colcemid concentration of 7.2 x 10(-5) M. Inhibition was estimated to be half-maximal at a colcemid concentration of 1.9 x 10(-6) M. 3. Colcemid, 2.7 x 10(-7) to 7.2 x 10(-5) M, had no effect on basal water permeability nor on the increase in lumen negative potential difference (PD) induced by the hormone. 4. Lumicolcemid, an isomer of colcemid that does not disrupt microtubules, had no influence on the water permeability response to vasopressin. 5. Pretreatment with colcemid, 2.7 x 10(-5) M, for 45 min inhibited the water permeability response to 8-CPT-cAMP, 1.8 x 10(-5) M, by 38 +/- 4% (n = 5, P < 0.01). 6. When collecting tubules were exposed to colcemid, 5.5 x 10(-5) M, for 45 min after the hydrosmotic response to vasopressin had been established, the drug had no influence on the maintenance of the raised water permeability. 7. The results provide further evidence that cytoplasmic microtubules play a role in the initiation of the hydrosmotic response to vasopressin in the mammalian collecting tubule at a site distal to the generation of cyclic AMP.
Supplementary Table 1 from Circulating B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells Display Impaired Migration to Lymph Nodes and Bone Marrow (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Circulating B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells Display Impaired Migration to Lymph Nodes and Bone Marrow
Metabolic therapy for heart failure including diastolic heart failure (2012)

Cardiac energetic impairment is a feature of systolic heart failure irrespective of the underlying etiology, and the magnitude of this impairment is predictive of subsequent mortality. It is also a feature of other forms of heart muscle diseases including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure with normal ejection fraction. While the adult heart normally uses predominantly free fatty acids to generate energy, this consumes more oxygen than the use of carbohydrate to generate energy. In the context of heart muscle disease the reduction in efficiency of fatty acid versus carbohydrate utilization may be substantial. This provides the rationale for the use of drugs that inhibit fatty acid utilization and increase carbohydrate utilization. These agents either prevent the uptake of long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria (eg, perhexiline) or inhibit fatty acid β-oxidation (eg, trimetazidine). Studies in patients with systolic heart failure have shown encouraging results with increased cardiac performance and exercise capacity with these agents.
TOWARD PACLITAXEL-(60)FULLERENE IMMUNOCONJUGATES AS A TARGETED PRODRUG AGAINST CANCER (2014)

Two newly synthesized water-soluble conjugates of Paclitaxel with malonodiserinolamide-derivatized [60]fullerene (C60-ser) undergo hydrolysis and release their medical payload under biological conditions. In vivo testing of one of these compounds in a murine model showed tumor volume reduction similar to the FDA-approved drug Abraxane, but without the associated weight-loss, indicating better tolerance of this new formulation.
Fixation of Midfoot and Forefoot Fractures (2014)

This chapter focuses on preferred treatment of forefoot and midfoot fractures. When a nondisplaced forefoot or midfoot fracture is healed, the bone or bones should permit stress transfer and maintain biomechanical activities such as standing or walking. Conversely, displaced fractures may require surgical intervention to maintain the form and function of the foot. The risks of intervention (wound complications, infection, and hardware pain) must be weighed against the benefits (preserved range of motion, preservation of weightbearing, and comfortable shoewear) in each situation based on the patient’s age, demands, medical conditions, and long-term goals. In general, whether nonoperative intervention or surgery is recommended, there is minimal weightbearing on part or all of the foot for 6 weeks followed by protected weightbearing until 12 weeks. Healing at 3 months is about 75% completed and at 6 months 90% completed with progressively decreased symptoms.
Preparation and some chemistry of a molecule containing a .mu.-.eta.2,.eta.2-NHNH2- and a .mu.-.eta.1,.eta.1-NH2NH2 ligand bound between two tungsten(VI) centers (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and some chemistry of a molecule containing a .mu.-.eta.2,.eta.2-NHNH2- and a .mu.-.eta.1,.eta.1-NH2NH2 ligand bound between two tungsten(VI) centersL. Blum, I. D. Williams, and R. R. SchrockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 26, 8316–8317Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00338a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00338a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In situ measurements at the Mont Terri rock laboratory to study argillaceous rocks (2021)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Safe as well as sensible economic uses of the subsurface demand both the comprehensive knowledge of the present state of a system and the understanding of the relevant dynamical processes. In order to facilitate these requirements, adequate characterisation, sufficient monitoring, and conclusive experiments have to be performed. Following this directive, the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) has developed, adapted, and successfully employed methods to prospect Opalinus Clay in the Swiss Mont Terri rock laboratory. These methods encompass geoscientific in situ characterisations as well as investigation techniques as part of long-term monitoring programmes from the complementing fields of e.g. micro-seismics, Electrical Resistivity Tomography, micro-structural petrography, geohydrology, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. With this expertise, BGR has contributed numerous experiments, which are embedded and coordinated in the long-standing and fruitful cooperation with the partners of the Mont Terri Consortium.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The knowledge gain, based on now almost 25&amp;amp;#160;years of BGR's engagement in the Mont Terri Project, offers comparison and evaluation of different, complementing methods determining present values and their evolution in time of e.g. moisture, saturation, pressure, deformation, the characterisation of parameter variability, and localisation of heterogeneities. It provides information allowing for programme optimisation of in situ measuring methods concerning penetration, resolution, effort, time, or feasibility. Therefore, the research results can be used for decision-making to refine investigation endevours in regards to specific demands of a certain site or a particular scientific problem not only for Opalinus Clay but also other claystone formations, and in some cases even for non-argillaceous rocks.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Variable voltage set point control of tap changers in distribution grids (2014)

This paper discusses changing requirements for tap changer controllers in distribution grids with high penetration of renewable generation. Furthermore, a new tap changer controller approach based on a power flow dependent voltage set point curve using hysteresis is introduced. This novel concept is simulated and compared to conventional as well as alternative tap changer controller algorithms by power system simulation.
The effects of plasma-processing conditions on the morphology of adherent human blood platelets (2008)

Hematocompatibility and nonfouling properties of materials are crucial for the development of small-scale biomedical devices. This study examines the adhesion and morphology of purified human platelets on plasma-polymerized tetraglyme-coated glass substrates. The effect of varying the plasma-processing parameters on platelet responses was determined using scanning electron microscopy. Images of platelets on the coated surfaces show that a significant reduction in platelet adhesion and spreading can be achieved as the processing parameters are varied.
Minimizing Oxygen Permeability in Chitin/Cellulose Nanomaterial Coatings by Tuning Chitin Deacetylation (2021)

The demand for packaging materials with low gas permeabilities is increasing, but commonly used petroleum-derived single-use plastics are not renewable, biodegradable, or easy to recycle. Nanomaterials composed of chitin and cellulose, which are abundant in nature, have high crystallinities and low oxygen permeabilities (OPs), providing a viable alternative. In this work, we explore how deacetylation conditions of crab shell chitin can be used to tune the charge and size of the resulting chitin nanowhiskers (ChNWs) and the resulting OP of layered film structures. Three deacetylation factors, the concentration of sodium hydroxide (% NaOH), temperature (T), and reaction time, were explored using a three-factor three-level Taguchi design with an orthogonal array. The resulting ChNW suspensions were sequentially spray-coated with suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) onto cellulose acetate (CA) films to form a multilayer structure. We show that ChNWs prepared under more aggressive deacetylation conditions inside the original orthogonal array (higher % NaOH, T, and time) had shorter lengths but the surface charge was significantly influenced only by more aggressive deacetylation outside of the original design conditions. With only ∼10% decrease in the ultimate tensile strength and no significant loss in failure strain, the ChNW–CNC coating resulted in ∼20% decrease in the water vapor transmission rate in comparison to uncoated CA films. The optimization of process conditions resulted in CA-ChNW-CNC films with a 91–99% decrease in OP (132–16.7 cm3·μm/m2/day/kPa vs 1553 cm3·μm/m2/day/kPa for uncoated CA).
Stereoselective Polymerization of [2.2]Paracyclophan-1-ene (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective Polymerization of [2.2]Paracyclophan-1-eneYi Jun Miao and Guillermo C. BazanCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4, 1063–1064Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00082a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (284 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Obesity Is Poor Prognostic Factor in Lower Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (2011)

Abstract Abstract 5018 Background: Obesity was associated with a more than 2-fold greater risk of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in a recent epidemiological study (Ma et al, Am J Epidemiol. 2009 June 15; 169(12): 1492–1499). The impact of obesity on outcome of disease in patients with an established diagnosis of MDS has not been studied. We examined the prognostic value of obesity in a large cohort of lower risk MDS patients treated at the Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC). Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from the Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC) MDS database and individual charts reviewed. The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of obesity on overall survival (OS) in lower risk patients with MDS. Patients with low or intermediate-1 (int-1) risk disease by International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) were included. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 (Standard definition) measured at time of referral to MDS program at MCC. Patients were divided into two groups according to BMI ≥ 30 or BMI &lt; 30. All analyses were conducted using SPSS version 19.0. Chi square and independent t-test were used to compare baseline characteristics between the 2 groups for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate median overall survival. Log rank test was used to compare Kaplan–Meier survival estimates between two groups. Cox regression was used for multivariable analysis. Results: Between January 2001 and December 2009, 479 low/int-1 IPSS risk MDS patients were included. Among those, 132 (27.6%) had BMI ≥ 30 and 325 (67.8%) had BMI &lt;30; BMI was missing in 22 patients (4.6%). The baseline characteristics between the two groups were comparable. No difference was noted in mean age, WHO subtype, karyotype, MD Anderson risk model group, red blood cell transfusion dependency (RBC-TD), or serum ferritin (Table-1). The median OS was 59 mo (95%CI 48–70) in patients with BMI &lt;30 compared to 44 (95%CI 38–50) in patients with BMI ≥ 30. (p=0.03). There was no difference in rate of AML transformation according to BMI, 12.9% and 15.7% respectively for BMI ≥ 30 and BMI &lt;30. (P=0.3). In Cox regression analysis obesity predicted inferior OS (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.7 (95%CI 1.15–2.4) (P=0.007) after adjustment for age, MD Anderson risk group, serum ferritin, RBC-TD, use of hypomethylating agents and tobacco use. Conclusion: Our data suggest that obesity is an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS in patients with lower risk MDS. Obesity may be associated with other comorbidities and metabolic dearrangements that contribute to the pathogenesis of the underlying disease. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Higher Education's Influence on Social Networks and Entrepreneurship in Brazil (2022)

Abstract Developing and middle-income countries increasingly emphasize higher education and entrepreneurship in their long-term development strategy. Thus, our work focuses on the influence of higher education institutions (HEIs) on startup ecosystems in Brazil, an emerging economy. As traditional data to perform this type of study, such as surveys, are challenging to get, we propose an alternative approach. Given the growing capability of social media databases such as Crunchbase and LinkedIn to provide startup and individual-level data, we draw on computational methods to mine data for social network analysis. Our approach enables different types of analysis. First, we describe regional variability in entrepreneurial network characteristics. Then we examine the influence of elite HEIs in economic hubs on entrepreneur networks. Second, we investigate the influence of the academic trajectories of startup founders, including their courses of study and HEIs of origin, on the fundraising capacity of startups. We find that HEI quality and the maturity of the ecosystem influence startup success. We also observe that elite HEIs have a powerful influence on local entrepreneur ecosystems. Surprisingly, while the most nationally prestigious HEIs in the South and Southeast have the longest geographical reach, their network influence remains local. Our approach can be helpful, especially in countries with limited studies of the interaction between startups and institutional factors supporting them.