gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
G-Quartet-Induced Nanoparticle Assembly (2005)

The design and synthesis of a new class of gold nanoparticle with guanosine monophosphate derivatives or G-rich oligonucleotides as their surface ligands are described. These nanoparticles spontaneously form macroscopic assemblies at low temperature and relatively high salt concentrations, which is attributed to the cooperative formation of guanosine quartets and G-quadruplexes between the individual nanoparticles. Significantly, the solution behavior of these nanoparticles is highly controllable by adjusting solution parameters (including temperature, ionic strength, and ion species) and the sequence of the G-rich oligonucleotide
Fermi surface chirality induced in a TaSe$_{2}$ monosheet formed by a Ta/ Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ interface reaction (2020)

Spin-momentum locking in topological insulators and materials with Rashba-type interactions is an extremely attractive feature for novel spintronic devices and is therefore under intense investigation. Significant efforts are underway to identify new material systems with spin-momentum locking, but also to create heterostructures with new spintronic functionalities. In the present study we address both subjects and investigate a van der Waals-type heterostructure consisting of the topological insulator Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ and a single Se-Ta-Se triple-layer (TL) of H-type TaSe$_{2}$ grown by a novel method which exploits an interface reaction between the adsorbed metal and selenium. We then show, using surface x-ray diffraction, that the symmetry of the TaSe2-like TL is reduced from D$_{3h}$ to C$_{3v}$ resulting from a vertical atomic shift of the tantalum atom. Spin- and angle-resolved photoemission indicates that, owing to the symmetry lowering, the states at the Fermi surface acquire an in-plane spin component forming a surface contour with a helical Rashba-like spin texture, which is coupled to the Dirac cone of the substrate. Our approach provides a new route to realize novel chiral two-dimensional electron systems via interface engineering that do not exist in the corresponding bulk materials.
Minimum requirement of donor cells to reduce the glycolipid storage following bone marrow transplantation in a murine model of Fabry disease (2011)

In FD mice, reconstitution with 100% donor cells is not required to obtain a therapeutic effect following bone marrow transplantation. These results suggest that a 30% gene correction might be sufficient to reverse disease manifestations in FD.
Differential expression of soluble acid invertase genes in the shoots of high-sucrose and low-sucrose species of Saccharum and their hybrids (2000)

The hydrolytic activity of soluble acid invertase (SAI) is strongly correlated to sucrose accumulation in sugarcane ( Saccharum spp.). Plants exhibiting SAI activity above a low threshold level do not accumulate high concentrations of sucrose. The present work investigates the basis for the difference in SAI activity observed between high- and low-sucrose-accumulating sugarcane lines. SAI-encoding cDNAs were isolated from two high- and one low-sucrose lines. All of these cDNAs were highly similar, with deduced proteins at least 98% identical. Expression of SAI in the stem of sugarcane was developmentally regulated, with relatively larger pools of SAI protein and mRNA in the apex and young internodes, which declined rapidly in the maturing internodes where sucroseaccumulation occurs. This developmental pattern, while qualitatively similar, was quantitatively quite different between low- and high-sucrose lines. SAI protein and mRNA pools started substantially higher, declined later, and stabilized at a significantly higher level in a low-sucrose line than in a high-sucrose line. These data indicate that differences in SAI activity between high- and low-sucrose sugarcane lines are due, at least in part, to differences inthe level of expression of essentially identical SAI genes.
An Innovative Process for Ultra‐Thick Electrodes Elaboration: Toward Low‐Cost and High‐Energy Batteries (2019)

An effective route to enhance the volume ratio of active materials in a lithium‐ion battery (LIB) or sodium‐ion battery (NaB) consists in increasing the electrode thickness, that is, active mass loading, as it reduces the volume and weight fractions of the separator and current collectors in the cell. This approach also serves to reduce the battery cost, chiefly associated with the expensive polymeric separator. However, following the standard industrial coating process, the mechanically stable electrode can hardly exceed an active mass loading of about 30 mg cm −2 , corresponding to a nominal areal capacity around 6 mAh cm −2 due to the binder migration during the drying step. Herein, a straightforward manufacturing process based on a filtration technique is developed. It enables the design of LIB electrodes with a nominal areal capacity up to 20 mAh cm −2 . A pierced and serrated current collector allows at the same time both filtration and mechanical interlocking of the electrode layer. Cells assembled with such ultra‐thick filtered electrodes exhibit very promising performances, thereby promoting the design of high‐energy and low‐cost LIBs and NaBs by a fast fabrication process.
Submarine Communications-Connecting the World (2019)

Undersea fiber optic cables are the integral part of worldwide communications infrastructure carrying more than 99% of international data traffic between continents. In a bit more than last 20 years transmission technology experienced explosive growth resulting in more than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> orders of magnitude increase in cable capacity and similar reduction in cost per information bit. Despite this progress the demand for communication capacity is far from saturation with current annual growth rate of at least 30%. We are reaching an interesting point in history where transmission technology is becoming very mature and approaching fundamental limits. The talk will examine the evolution of transmission concepts that changed multiple times in the last 20 years, the next immediate steps in technology evolution, further challenges facing continuing capacity growth, and the need for the new disruptive technologies.
Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Surgery for Rectal Cancer after Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy: Case-Matched Study of Short-Term Outcomes (2015)

In our study, short-term outcomes of robotic surgery for rectal cancer after CRT were similar to those of laparoscopic surgery in respect to bowel function recovery, morbidity, and TME quality. Well-designed clinical trials are needed to evaluate the functional results and long-term outcomes of robotic surgery for rectal cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetramethylammonium Phenyltrialkylborates in the Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reaction with Benzophenone. Generation of Alkyl Radicals and Their Addition to Activated Alkenes. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis of (‐)‐(2R,6R)‐2,6‐Dimethylmorpholine. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Adversarial Attacks on Deep Models for Financial Transaction Records (2021)

Machine learning models using transaction records as inputs are popular among financial institutions. The most efficient models use deep-learning architectures similar to those in the NLP community, posing a challenge due to their tremendous number of parameters and limited robustness. In particular, deep-learning models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks: a little change in the input harms the model's output. In this work, we examine adversarial attacks on transaction records data and defenses from these attacks. The transaction records data have a different structure than the canonical NLP or time-series data, as neighboring records are less connected than words in sentences, and each record consists of both discrete merchant code and continuous transaction amount. We consider a black-box attack scenario, where the attack doesn't know the true decision model and pay special attention to adding transaction tokens to the end of a sequence. These limitations provide a more realistic scenario, previously unexplored in the NLP world. The proposed adversarial attacks and the respective defenses demonstrate remarkable performance using relevant datasets from the financial industry. Our results show that a couple of generated transactions are sufficient to fool a deep-learning model. Further, we improve model robustness via adversarial training or separate adversarial examples detection. This work shows that embedding protection from adversarial attacks improves model robustness, allowing a wider adoption of deep models for transaction records in banking and finance.
J2410202 Measurement of Rehabilitation in the Thumb MP Joint Subluxation due to Rheumatoid Arthritis (2014)

As treatment for subluxation due to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), rehabilitation by hand therapy is one option, but the number of therapist is not sufficient. Therefore, a device for rehabilitation of thumb metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint subluxation has been developed. To improve the device, it is necessary to measure in close proximity to the actual rehabilitation. Therefore, the authors tried to measure two kinds of rehabilitation by using motion capture and a contact force sensor. To measure rehabilitation movements, three markers were attached to the metacarpal bone, six markers were attached to each side of the interphalangeal (IP) joint, MP joint and proximal phalanx of the right thumb of the subjects, and a finger model was created by these markers. Further, three markers were placed on the left index of the therapist, and force direction was calculated by these markers. Measurement was conducted on healthy subjects, Rehabilitation was performed by the person who is not a therapist, but received the guidance of the doctor. As a result, the authors could measure rehabilitation by hand therapy, force, point of action and displacement. The results suggest that rehabilitation with traction twice as efficient as that without traction. Furthermore, it was found that rehabilitation is possible with calculated force, and the force is reproducible by the actuator in the device.
Dominance is the major genetic basis of heterosis in rice as revealed by QTL analysis using molecular markers. (1995)

A set of 194 F7 lines derived from a subspecific rice cross showing strong F1 heterosis was backcrossed to the two parents. The materials (388 BC1F7 lines, 194 F8 lines, two parents, F1) were phenotyped for 12 quantitative traits. A total of 37 significant QTLs (LOD > or = 2.0) was detected through 141 RFLP markers in the BC1F7 populations. Twenty-seven (73%) quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected in only one of the BC1F7 populations. In 82% of these cases, the heterozygotes were superior to the respective homozygotes. The remaining 10 (27%) QTLs were detected in both BC1F7 populations, and the heterozygote had a phenotype falling between those of the two homozygotes and in no instances were the heterozygotes found to be superior to both homozygotes. These results suggest that dominance complementation is the major genetic basis of heterosis in rice. This conclusion was strengthened by the finding that there was no correlation between most traits and overall genome heterozygosity and that there were some recombinant inbred lines in the F8 population having phenotypic values superior to the F1 for all of the traits evaluated--a result not expected if overdominance was a major contributor to heterosis. Digenic epistasis was not evident.
Dynamical Selection of the Primordial Density Fluctuation Amplitude (2011)

In inflationary models, the predicted amplitude of primordial density perturbations Q is much larger than the observed value (∼10(-5)) for natural choices of parameters. To explain the requisite exponential fine-tuning, anthropic selection is often invoked, especially in cases where microphysics is expected to produce a complex energy landscape. By contrast, we find examples of ekpyrotic models based on heterotic M theory for which dynamical selection naturally favors the observed value of Q.
Pipeline Pumping and Compression Systems: A Practical Approach (2008)

This book will serve as a useful guide for the design of pumping and compression in liquid and gas pipeline transmissions, as well as a guide to various installation options. For practicing engineers in the pipeline and oil &amp; gas industry, specifically those in involved with the design and operation of pumping and compression systems
Design Considerations of Photonic THz Communications for 6G Networks (2021)

Large bandwidths at terahertz (THz) frequencies higher than 100 GHz have been garnering significant attention as key enablers for future wireless networks to provide data rates in the range of terabits per second, which is approximately one hundred times higher than the transmission rate of millimeter wireless systems. To fully utilize the merits of THz frequencies, devices with large operating bandwidths are highly desired. From this perspective, promising choices are photonic devices developed for fiber-optic communications, which have been commonly used since the early stages of THz communications research with different architectures and parameters. However, the factors limiting the performance of photonics-based THz systems have not yet been investigated thoroughly in terms of general system aspects. Here, we comprehensively analyze and compare various potential THz communications systems with a photonics-based THz transmitter. Based on modulation and optical light sources, we characterize the three most typical architectures and theoretically and experimentally analyze the impact of optical and phase noise on system performance.
Fate and biological impact of persistent luminescence nanoparticles after injection in mice: a one-year follow-up (2022)

Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) are attracting growing interest for non-invasive optical imaging of tissues with a high signal to noise ratio. PLNPs can emit a persistent luminescence signal through the tissue transparency window for several minutes, after UV light excitation before systemic administration or directly <i>in vivo</i> through visible irradiation, allowing us to get rid of the autofluorescence signal of tissues. PLNPs constitute a promising alternative to the commercially available optical near infrared probes thanks to their versatile functionalization capabilities for improvement of the circulation time in the blood stream. Nevertheless, while biodistribution for a short time is well known, the long-term fate and toxicity of the PLNP's inorganic core after injection have not been dealt with in depth. Here we extend the current knowledge on ZnGa<sub>1.995</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Cr<sub>0.005</sub> NPs (or ZGO) with a one-year follow-up of their fate after a single systemic administration in mice. We investigated the organ tissue uptake of ZGO with two different coatings and determined their intracellular processing up to one year after injection. The biopersistence of ZGO was assessed, with a long-term retention, quantified by ICP-MS, mostly in the liver and spleen, parallel with a loss of their luminescence properties. The analysis of the toxicity related to combining an animal's weight, key hematological and metabolic markers, histological observations of liver tissues and quantification of the expression of 31 genes linked to different metabolic reactions did not reveal any signs of noxiousness, from the macro scale to the molecular level. Therefore, the ZGO imaging probe has been proven to be a safe and relevant candidate for preclinical studies, allowing its long term use without any <i>in vivo</i> disturbance of the general metabolism.
Venom-Related Transcripts from Bothrops jararaca Tissues Provide Novel Molecular Insights into the Production and Evolution of Snake Venom (2014)

Attempts to reconstruct the evolutionary history of snake toxins in the context of their co-option to the venom gland rarely account for nonvenom snake genes that are paralogous to toxins, and which therefore represent important connectors to ancestral genes. In order to reevaluate this process, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic survey on body tissues from a venomous snake. A nonredundant set of 33,000 unigenes (assembled transcripts of reference genes) was independently assembled from six organs of the medically important viperid snake Bothrops jararaca, providing a reference list of 82 full-length toxins from the venom gland and specific products from other tissues, such as pancreatic digestive enzymes. Unigenes were then screened for nontoxin transcripts paralogous to toxins revealing 1) low level coexpression of approximately 20% of toxin genes (e.g., bradykinin-potentiating peptide, C-type lectin, snake venom metalloproteinase, snake venom nerve growth factor) in body tissues, 2) the identity of the closest paralogs to toxin genes in eight classes of toxins, 3) the location and level of paralog expression, indicating that, in general, co-expression occurs in a higher number of tissues and at lower levels than observed for toxin genes, and 4) strong evidence of a toxin gene reverting back to selective expression in a body tissue. In addition, our differential gene expression analyses identify specific cellular processes that make the venom gland a highly specialized secretory tissue. Our results demonstrate that the evolution and production of venom in snakes is a complex process that can only be understood in the context of comparative data from other snake tissues, including the identification of genes paralogous to venom toxins.
Optimal Priority Assignment for Multiple CAN/CAN-FD Buses with a Central Gateway (2020)

Automakers keep introducing new functions to vehicles to entice customers, thus increasing the size/number of in-vehicle buses. As a result, adopting multi-buses with a central gateway is becoming a norm in current and future vehicles. Since adding buses increases production cost, knowing whether or not to add a bus at design time to meet the given requirements is essential to design a cost-optimized in-vehicle network. However, due to the lack of an optimal priority-assignment algorithm for multi-bus systems, it is difficult to determine whether additional buses are needed. To address this difficulty, we propose an optimal priority-assignment algorithm, called OPMB, for multiple CAN/CAN-FD buses with a central gateway. OPMB builds on backtracking, and is thus of exponential time complexity. To reduce the execution time effectively for industry-size problems, we identify several theory-proven search-space reduction conditions. Our in-depth simulation has demonstrated that OPMB outperforms the state-of-art priority-assignment algorithms for multi-bus systems, and is suitable for high-speed systems which represent future automotive systems. Also, OPMB is shown to be feasible for most realistic automotive message sets.
Ultrasonic Multi-Feature Analysis Procedure for Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Solid Breast Lesions (2011)

We have developed quantitative descriptors to provide an objective means of noninvasive identification of cancerous breast lesions. These descriptors include quantitative acoustic features assessed using spectrum analysis of ultrasonic radiofrequency (rf) echo signals and morphometric properties related to lesion shape. Acoustic features include measures of echogenicity, heterogeneity and shadowing, computed by generating spectral-parameter images of the lesion and surrounding tissue. Spectral-parameter values are derived from rf echo signals at each pixel using a sliding-window Fourier analysis. We derive quantitative acoustic features from spectral-parameter maps of the lesion and adjacent areas. We quantify morphometric features by geometric and fractal analysis of traced lesion boundaries. Initial results on biopsy-proven cases show that although a single parameter cannot reliably discriminate cancerous from noncancerous breast lesions, multi-feature analysis provides excellent discrimination for this data set. We have processed data for 130 biopsy-proven patients, acquired during routine ultrasonic examinations at three clinical sites and produced an area under the receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) curve of 0.947 +/- 0.045. Among the quantitative descriptors, lesion-margin definition, spiculation and border irregularity are the most useful; some additional morphometric features (such as border irregularity) also are particularly effective in lesion classification. Our findings are consistent with many of the BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) breast-lesion-classification criteria in use today.
Können einkettige perfluorierte Amphiphile allein Vesikel und andere organisierte supramolekulare Verbände bilden? (1993)

Ja, und zwar ohne auf sterische Effekte oder intermolekulare Wechselwirkungen zurückzugreifen , lautet die Antwort auf die Titelfrage. Mit dem Amphiphil 1 können in Abhängigkeit von den Herstellungsbedingungen organisierte Systeme wie gestapelte Doppelschichten, Vesikel (Bild rechts), Kügelchen und lange Fasern gebildet werden. Wie der Vergleich mit dem Kohlenwasserstoff‐Analogon von 1 zeigt, beruht dies lediglich auf hydrophoben Wechselwirkungen in der Tensidschicht. magnified image equation image
Energy Transfer in Supramolecular Assemblies of Oligo(p-phenylene vinylene)s Terminated Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers (2000)

Poly(propylene imine) dendrimers have been functionalized with π-conjugated oligo(p-phenylene vinylene)s (OPV's) through an amide linkage and are fully characterized. In solution the dendrimers behave as globular entities without specific interactions between the OPV units. The OPV dendrimers have an amphiphilic nature and self-assemble at the air−water interface forming stable monolayers in which the dendritic surfactants presumably adopt a cylindrical shape; all the OPV's are aligned perpendicular to the water surface, and the dendritic poly(propylene imine) cores face the aqueous phase. Optical spectra taken from Langmuir−Blodgett films show a small blue shift indicative of interactions between the OPV units. Spin-coated homogeneous thin films could be obtained from solutions containing dendrimers loaded with dyes. The optical properties of these films are similar to the Langmuir−Blodgett films which points to the same type of organization of the OPV's. The OPV dendrimers are effective extractants of anionic dye molecules from water to organic solvents. Ratios between dye and dendrimer can be easily tuned by varying the concentration of dye in the water layer. The host−guest assemblies show not complete energy transfer from the OPV units to the encapsulated dye molecules in solution. The energy transfer is very efficient in spin-coated films of dendrimer/dye assemblies and the emission wavelength can be adjusted by using a variety of dye molecules. The dendrimer/dye systems mix very well with poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s (PPV's) forming good quality thin films in contrast to films obtained from dye/PPV without dendrimer. The OPV units in the dendrimer act as a compatibilizer in these systems and energy transfer is observed from the organic PPV polymer to the dye. It gives the possibility of tuning the emission wavelength of the PPV thin films by using the appropriate encapsulated dye.