gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
640 Gbits/s photonic logic gates (2010)

We demonstrate 640 Gbits/s all-optical A AND B, and Ā AND B logic functions using pump depletion in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide. Bit-error-rate measurements show the effectiveness of the scheme, with a penalty of <2 dB.
Tuning surface wettability of MoS2 to enhance solar‐driven evaporation rates (2023)

Abstract Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), a promising two‐dimensional photothermal material, possesses the capability to convert solar irradiation into thermal energy. This conversion is beneficial for processes like wastewater treatment and seawater desalination. Nevertheless, the influence of the surface chemical properties of MoS 2 , particularly its wettability, on the evaporation rate of water confined to the surface remains unexplored. In our study, we demonstrate that the wettability degree of MoS 2 significantly influences its water evaporation rate performance. Interestingly, this parameter can be simply and accurately modulated by altering the synthesis time of MoS 2 . We synthesized MoS 2 via a simple hydrothermal method at three different durations: 16, 20, and 24 h, at 200°C. Subsequently, we impregnated the resultant MoS 2 onto air‐laid paper (ALP), forming a solar‐driven evaporator system. We found that the MoS 2 nanosheets synthesized within the shortest duration (MoS 2 ‐16 h) exhibited the highest evaporation rate of 1.77 kg m −2 h −1 , along with 92% energy efficiency. MoS2‐16 h resulted in MoS 2 rich in defects, featuring the largest surface area and the smallest contact angle. The hydrophilic areas of MoS 2 ‐16 h facilitated the continuous diffusion of water molecules through defect sites, treating them as contact lines. Additionally, the expansive surface area introduced a larger region for light absorption, enhancing water‐solid interactions. The presence of molybdenum oxide on the surface of the nanosheet system also contributed to superior wettability behavior. Notably, all the tested MoS 2 /ALP systems in this study displayed excellent performance in salt rejection and heavy metal ion concentration reduction.
Unsupervised Segmentation With Dynamical Units (2008)

In this paper, we present a novel network to separate mixtures of inputs that have been previously learned. A significant capability of the network is that it segments the components of each input object that most contribute to its classification. The network consists of amplitude-phase units that can synchronize their dynamics, so that separation is determined by the amplitude of units in an output layer, and segmentation by phase similarity between input and output layer units. Learning is unsupervised and based on a Hebbian update, and the architecture is very simple. Moreover, efficient segmentation can be achieved even when there is considerable superposition of the inputs. The network dynamics are derived from an objective function that rewards sparse coding in the generalized amplitude-phase variables. We argue that this objective function can provide a possible formal interpretation of the binding problem and that the implementation of the network architecture and dynamics is biologically plausible.
Highly sensitive spintronic strain-gauge sensor based on magnetic tunnel junction and its application to MEMS microphone (2018)

Recently, new strain-gauge sensors based on magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) have attracted attention because they are promising for detecting extremely small strains. To further enhance the strain sensitivity of these spintronic strain-gauge sensors (Spin-SGSs) and obtain a linear response that is suitable for MEMS applications, we have previously developed an MTJ film structure and magnetic biasing for Spin-SGSs. This paper describes the strain-gauge properties of our Spin-SGSs with novel MTJs employing an amorphous magnetostrictive sensing layer, and its application to a MEMS microphone.
Androgen receptor as a licensing factor for DNA replication in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells (2006)

Androgen receptor (AR) protein expression and function are critical for survival and proliferation of androgen-sensitive (AS) prostate cancer cells. Besides its ability to function as a transcription factor, experimental observations suggest that AR becomes a licensing factor for DNA replication in AS prostate cancer cells and thus must be degraded during each cell cycle in these cells to allow reinitiation of DNA replication in the next cell cycle. This possibility was tested by using the AS human prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP, CWR22Rv1, and LAPC-4. These studies demonstrated that AR levels fluctuate both within and between various phases of the cell cycle in each of these AS lines. Consistent with its licensing ability, AR is degraded during mitosis via a proteasome-dependent pathway in these AS prostate cancer cells. In contrast, proteasome-dependent degradation of AR during mitosis is not observed in AR-expressing but androgen-insensitive human prostate stromal cells, in which AR does not function as a licensing factor for DNA replication. To evaluate mitotic degradation of AR in vivo, the same series of human AS prostate cancers growing as xenografts in nude mice and malignant tissues obtained directly from prostate cancer patients were evaluated by dual Ki-67 and AR immunohistochemistry for AR expression in mitosis. These results document that AR is also down-regulated during mitosis in vivo. Thus, AS prostate cancer cells do not express AR protein during mitosis, either in vitro or in vivo, consistent with AR functioning as a licensing factor for DNA replication in AS prostate cancer cells.
α decay of the new isotopesRn193,194 (2006)

The new neutron-deficient isotopes $^{193,194}\mathrm{Rn}$ have been identified in the complete fusion reaction $^{52}\mathrm{Cr}+^{144}\mathrm{Sm}$$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}$$^{196}\mathrm{Rn}$${}^{*}$ at the velocity filter SHIP. The \ensuremath{\alpha}-decay energy and half-life value of $^{194}\mathrm{Rn}$ were determined to be ${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}=7700(10)$ keV and ${T}_{1/2}=0.78(16)$ ms, respectively. For $^{193}\mathrm{Rn}$ the half-life of ${T}_{1/2}=1.15(27)$ ms and two \ensuremath{\alpha} lines at ${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}1}=7685(15)$ keV, ${I}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}1}=74(20)%$ and ${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}2}=7875(20)$ keV, ${I}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}2}=26(12)%$ were found. The decay pattern of $^{193}\mathrm{Rn}$, which is substantially different from that of the heavier odd-$A$ Rn isotopes, provides first experimental evidence for the long-predicted deformation in the very neutron-deficient Rn nuclei.
Targeting eIF4A-Dependent Translation of KRAS Signaling Molecules (2021)

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) epitomizes a deadly cancer driven by abnormal KRAS signaling. Here, we show that the eIF4A RNA helicase is required for translation of key KRAS signaling molecules and that pharmacological inhibition of eIF4A has single-agent activity against murine and human PDAC models at safe dose levels. EIF4A was uniquely required for the translation of mRNAs with long and highly structured 5' untranslated regions, including those with multiple G-quadruplex elements. Computational analyses identified these features in mRNAs encoding KRAS and key downstream molecules. Transcriptome-scale ribosome footprinting accurately identified eIF4A-dependent mRNAs in PDAC, including critical KRAS signaling molecules such as PI3K, RALA, RAC2, MET, MYC, and YAP1. These findings contrast with a recent study that relied on an older method, polysome fractionation, and implicated redox-related genes as eIF4A clients. Together, our findings highlight the power of ribosome footprinting in conjunction with deep RNA sequencing in accurately decoding translational control mechanisms and define the therapeutic mechanism of eIF4A inhibitors in PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings document the coordinate, eIF4A-dependent translation of RAS-related oncogenic signaling molecules and demonstrate therapeutic efficacy of eIF4A blockade in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Prospects for polymer-based thermoelectrics: state of the art and theoretical analysis (2012)

This perspective discusses theories of polymer thermoelectrics, identifying combinations of electronic charge carrier energies and thermal conductivity mechanisms that could lead to the highest efficiencies. Structures, electrical conductivities, Seebeck coefficients, and figures of merit are summarized for some recently devised polymer-based thermoelectric materials. Foundational equations that define these quantities are presented, and are related to thermal conductivities as well. Finally, approaches to polymer composite design that optimize thermoelectric performance in light of the theoretical models are proposed.
Learning Better Visual Dialog Agents with Pretrained Visual-Linguistic Representation (2021)

GuessWhat?! is a visual dialog guessing game which incorporates a Questioner agent that generates a sequence of questions, while an Oracle agent answers the respective questions about a target object in an image. Based on this dialog history between the Questioner and the Oracle, a Guesser agent makes a final guess of the target object. While previous work has focused on dialogue policy optimization and visual-linguistic information fusion, most work learns the vision-linguistic encoding for the three agents solely on the GuessWhat?! dataset without shared and prior knowledge of vision-linguistic representation. To bridge these gaps, this paper proposes new Oracle, Guesser and Questioner models that take advantage of a pretrained vision-linguistic model, VilBERT. For Oracle model, we introduce a two-way background/target fusion mechanism to understand both intra and inter-object questions. For Guesser model, we introduce a state-estimator that best utilizes VilBERT’s strength in single-turn referring expression comprehension. For the Questioner, we share the state-estimator from pretrained Guesser with Questioner to guide the question generator. Experimental results show that our proposed models outperform state-of-the-art models significantly by 7%, 10%, 12% for Oracle, Guesser and End-to-End Questioner respectively.
Clinical optimization of pretargeted radioimmunotherapy with antibody-streptavidin conjugate and 90Y-DOTA-biotin. (2000)

Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) was evaluated using an antibody-streptavidin conjugate, followed by a biotin-galactose-human serum albumin clearing agent and 90Y-dodecane tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-biotin as the final step for therapy. The objective was to develop a clinical protocol that could show an improved tumor-to-red marrow therapeutic ratio compared with conventional radioimmunotherapy (RIT) and at the same time preserve the efficiency of tumor targeting.Forty-three patients with adenocarcinomas reactive to NR-LU-10 murine monoclonal antibody received the 3 components. Doses and timing parameters were varied to develop an optimized schema. In some patients, the conjugate was radiolabeled with 186Re as an imaging tracer to assess biodistribution of the conjugate and effectiveness of the clearing agent. 111In-DOTA-biotin was coinjected with 90Y-DOTA-biotin for quantitative imaging. Safety, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, dosimetry, and antiglobulin formation were evaluated.The optimal schema was defined as a conjugate dose of 125 microg/mL plasma volume followed at 48 h by a clearing agent in a 10:1 molar ratio of clearing agent to serum conjugate. The therapeutic third step was 0.5 mg radiobiotin administered 24 h later. No significant adverse events were observed after administration of any of the components. The mean tumor-to-marrow absorbed dose ratio when using the optimized PRIT schema was 63:1, compared with a 6:1 ratio reported previously for conventional RIT. Antiglobulin to murine antibody and to streptavidin developed in most patients.This initial study confirmed that the PRIT approach is safe and feasible and achieved a higher therapeutic ratio than that achieved with conventional RIT using the same antibody.
Parabolic reflection high intensity ultrasound based device with mechanically-variable focusing (2004)

The goal of our investigation is to develop a high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) device with mechanically-variable focal lengths, achieved by parabolic reflection mechanism. Several configurations of parabolic reflector were simulated using Wave2000 Pro and a custom-developed geometric ray tracing method (MatLab). A cylindrical ultrasound transducer (height 5 cm, diameter 3.7 cm, frequency 2 MHz) was used as the source. Translational and rotational movements of single parabolic reflectors, multiple parabolic reflectors, and segmented parabolic reflectors were considered for their effectiveness in focusing the beam in the range of 5-10 cm. The simulations showed that focusing using a single parabola was achieved with a translation of 14 cm, and a rotation of 25 /spl deg/. Multiple parabola provided optimal focusing with a minimum number of 4 segments. Parabolic reflection mechanism may provide an effective method of a variable-focus HIFU transducer.
Variable density Poisson disc acquisition with iterative deep learning reconstruction for highly accelerated 3D T1-weighted abdominal imaging (2023)

3D T1-weighted gradient echo imaging is a key component of the MRI assessment of the abdomen, particularly for the identification and characterization of liver tumors, however, significant acceleration is necessary to consistently mitigate respiratory motion artifact. A variable density Poisson disc undersampled acquisition with a densely connected iterative deep convolutional neural network reconstruction was developed to provide next-generation acceleration up to a factor of 10. On retrospectively undersampled data, the technique outperformed compressed sensing reconstruction in terms of normalized mean-squared error and structural similarity; with a prospectively undersampled scan, the technique maintained image quality in terms of artifact and contrast.
MR measurements of mesenteric venous flow: prospective evaluation in healthy volunteers and patients with suspected chronic mesenteric ischemia. (1995)

Measurement of postprandial flow augmentation in the SMV with MR imaging shows promise as a noninvasive screening test for chronic mesenteric ischemia.
ChemInform Abstract: 4′‐Deacetyl‐(‐)‐griseusins A and B, New Naphthoquinone Antibiotics from an Actinomycete. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Label-free flow cytometry of rare circulating tumor cell clusters in whole blood (2022)

Circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCCs) are rare cellular events found in the blood stream of metastatic tumor patients. Despite their scarcity, they represent an increased risk for metastasis. Label-free detection methods of these events remain primarily limited to in vitro microfluidic platforms. Here, we expand on the use of confocal backscatter and fluorescence flow cytometry (BSFC) for label-free detection of CTCCs in whole blood using machine learning for peak detection/classification. BSFC uses a custom-built flow cytometer with three excitation wavelengths (405 nm, 488 nm, and 633 nm) and five detectors to detect CTCCs in whole blood based on corresponding scattering and fluorescence signals. In this study, detection of CTCC-associated GFP fluorescence is used as the ground truth to assess the accuracy of endogenous back-scattered light-based CTCC detection in whole blood. Using a machine learning model for peak detection/classification, we demonstrated that the combined use of backscattered signals at the three wavelengths enable detection of ~ 93% of all CTCCs larger than two cells with a purity of > 82% and an overall accuracy of > 95%. The high level of performance established through BSFC and machine learning demonstrates the potential for label-free detection and monitoring of CTCCs in whole blood. Further developments of label-free BSFC to enhance throughput could lead to important applications in the isolation of CTCCs in whole blood with minimal disruption and ultimately their detection in vivo.
Chiral Ru-Based Complexes for Asymmetric Olefin Metathesis:  Enhancement of Catalyst Activity through Steric and Electronic Modifications (2003)

Design, synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of six enantiomerically pure Ru-based metathesis catalysts are disclosed (3a-3f). The new chiral catalysts were prepared through steric and electronic alterations of the parent catalyst system (3). The present studies indicate that the effect of structural modifications of chiral complex 3 does not always correspond to those of the related achiral complexes. The present findings illustrate that modified Ru complexes (3e and 3f) deliver reactivity levels that are more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than 3. Reactivity and physical data are provided that shed light on the origin of activity differences. Some members of the new generation of chiral Ru catalysts promote asymmetric ring-opening (AROM) and ring-closing (ARCM) metatheses that cannot be effected by the first generation chiral catalyst (3).
Autotaxin in the crosshairs: Taking aim at cancer and other inflammatory conditions (2014)

Autotaxin is a secreted enzyme that produces most of the extracellular lysophosphatidate from lysophosphatidylcholine, the most abundant phospholipid in blood plasma. Lysophosphatidate mediates many physiological and pathological processes by signaling through at least six G-protein coupled receptors to promote cell survival, proliferation and migration. The autotaxin/lysophosphatidate signaling axis is involved in wound healing and tissue remodeling, and it drives many chronic inflammatory conditions from fibrosis to colitis, asthma and cancer. In cancer, lysophosphatidate signaling promotes resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and increases both angiogenesis and metastasis. Research into autotaxin inhibitors is accelerating, both as primary and adjuvant therapy. Historically, autotaxin inhibitors had poor bioavailability profiles and thus had limited efficacy in vivo. This situation is now changing, especially since the recent crystal structure of autotaxin is now enabling rational inhibitor design. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge on autotaxin-mediated disease processes including cancer, and discuss recent advancements in the development of autotaxin-targeting strategies. We will also provide new insights into autotaxin as an inflammatory mediator in the tumor microenvironment that promotes cancer progression and therapy resistance.
Issues on the discrete implementation frequency domain controller-design (1998)

Discusses the issues pertaining to the discrete implementation of continuous frequency domain control design. The effect using an approximation of a delay term is discussed in conjunction with the phase error associated with the transformation of a continuous controller to its discrete counterpart. A direct discrete frequency domain design method based on loop shaping is presented as a technique to avoid the phase errors that occur with continuous-to-discrete transformations.
Ge-Doped ${\beta }$ -Ga2O3 MOSFETs (2017)

We report on MOSFETs fabricated on Ge-doped β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> homoepitaxial material grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (010) Fe-doped semi-insulating substrates. The Ge-doped channel devices performed similar to previously reported devices with Sn- and Si-doped channels with the drain current <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON/OFF</sub> ratios of >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> and the saturated drain current of >75 mA/mm at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> = 0 V. Hall effect measurements showed a high carrier mobility of 111 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /(V·s) with 4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> active carriers. A MOSFET with a gate-drain spacing of 5.5 μm had a three-terminal breakdown voltage of 479 V.
Effects of Milling Raw Materials and Slurry Concentration on the Synthesis of Magnesium Titanate. (1997)

Wet milling by a multi-ring media mill was carried out for aqueous slurries of Mg(OH)2 and TiO2 powder mixtures in the concentration range from 6.9wt% to 50wt%. Rings used as grinding media were made of partially stabilized zirconia (ZrO2) or polyoxymethylene (POM). Products were characterized by TG-DTA, X-ray diffractometry and EPMA. ZrO2 contamination in the product was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. The temperature of endothermic peaks, attributed to the dehydration of OH group, remain almost unchanged regardless of slurry concentration but decreased with increasing compressive force exerted by grinding rings. The homogeneity of the product is correlated with the temperature of exothermic peaks above 1100K due to the crystallization of MgTiO3, but not with the endothermic peaks around 650K. The increase of the slurry concentration increases the homogeneity of the product, facilitating the formation of single phase MgTiO3 on subsequent heating. The increase of the compressive force of grinding rings brings about not only the homogeneity but also the phase purity of MgTiO3.
Analysis of energy limited slotted communication using game theory (2005)

In this paper we analyze a system with a number of users communicate using unlicensed spectrum. The time is divided into frames, which are further divided into slots. In each frame a user has limited energy which is allocated to the slots in the frame. Each user tries to maximize his throughput by selecting the best power allocation. The system is modeled using game theory. First an analysis is carried out for a single frame, i.e. a single stage game, and we find the equilibrium points. 1
Abilities of 3,4-diarylfuran-2-one analogs of combretastatin A-4 to inhibit both proliferation of tumor cell lines and growth of relevant tumors in nude mice. (2004)

These data strongly support that NV-5-9 is extremely potent, readily synthesizable and apparently suitable for in vivo studies employing transplanted tumors.