gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma Gastrin Responses to Arginine in Chronic Pancreatitis (1974)

Serum gastrin responses to intravenous L-arginine hydrochloride were measured in insulinopenic and noninsulinopenic patients with chronic pancreatitis and in suitable control subjects. There were no differences between any of the groups studied. Pancreatitis did not impair gastrin responses to arginine nor was gastrin an important determinant of insulin secretion in these patients.
Supramolecular Nanocarrier of Anionic Dendrimer Porphyrins with Cationic Block Copolymers Modified with Polyethylene Glycol to Enhance Intracellular Photodynamic Efficacy (2004)

Photo finish: A polymeric micelle system is formed in aqueous media by electrostatic assembly of an anionic dendrimeric porphyrin and a poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(L-lysine) block copolymer (see picture). The micelles exhibit high photocytotoxicity and stability. The hydrodynamic size (ca. 60 nm) makes this polymeric micelle system suitable for intravenous administration in photodynamic tumor therapy.
Coupling of Hyperbranched and Linear Poly(Ether Sulfone)s in the Solid State (2007)

KeywordshyperbranchedfuelcellPOly(ethersulbne)ultravioletMichler sketone 1IntroductiotL Developmentoffuelcellsasanaltemative source of renewable energy has received an increased attentionin the face of growlng technological and environmental pressures12
Capsular serotypes, virulence-associated genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of <i>Streptococcus suis</i> isolates from pigs in Korea (2017)

Streptococcus suis is an important pig pathogen with potential for human transmission. The serotype distributions and phenotypic characteristics vary over time and among regions; however, little is known about the characteristics of S. suis isolates in Korea. In this study, 240 S. suis isolates collected from pigs in Korea in 2009-2010 were serotyped by coagglutination tests, subsequently screened for three virulence-associated genes (mrp, epf and sly) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. As for 80 isolates, the serotypes of which were relevant to human infections, clonal complexes (CCs) were further identified by PCR. Serotype 3 was the most prevalent (15.8%), followed by serotype 2 (15.0%), with geographical variation for each serotype. Overall, 55.4% of the isolates carried mrp, whereas only 3.8% carried epf. CC25 was the most prevalent (41.3%) and was related to serotypes 2 and 9. The isolates showed higher susceptibility to ampicillin (93.4%) and ceftiofur (90.8%) than to the other antimicrobial agents tested. The highest resistance rate was observed to tetracycline (98.0%), followed by erythromycin (88.8%). In addition, the resistance to certain antimicrobials was significantly associated, in part, with virulence-associated genes or serotypes. Therefore, continuous characterization of S. suis is essential for the benefit of veterinary and human medicine.
Clinical Validity of a Gene Expression Signature in Diagnostically Uncertain Neoplasms (2020)

<b>Aim:</b> Evaluate the accuracy of a 23-gene expression signature in differentiating benign nevi from melanoma by comparing test results with clinical outcomes. <b>Materials & methods:</b> Seven dermatopathologists blinded to gene expression test results and clinical outcomes examined 181 lesions to identify diagnostically uncertain cases. Participants independently recorded diagnoses and responses to questions quantifying diagnostic certainty. Test accuracy was determined through comparison with clinical outcomes (sensitivity and percent negative agreement). <b>Results:</b> Overall, 125 cases fulfilled criteria for diagnostic uncertainty (69.1%; 95% CI: 61.8-75.7%). Test sensitivity and percent negative agreement in these cases were 90.4% (95% CI: 79.0-96.8%) and 95.5% (95% CI: 87.3-99.1%), respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> The 23-gene expression signature has high diagnostic accuracy in diagnostically uncertain cases when evaluated against clinical outcomes.
The IL‐36 receptor pathway regulates Aspergillus fumigatus‐induced Th1 and Th17 responses (2012)

IL-1 drives Th responses, particularly Th17, in host defense. Sharing the same co-receptor, the IL-1 family member IL-36 exhibits properties similar to those of IL-1. In the present study, we investigated the role of IL-36 in Aspergillus fumigatus-induced human Th responses. We observed that different morphological forms of A. fumigatus variably increase steady-state mRNA of IL-36 subfamily members. IL-36α is not significantly induced by any morphological form of Aspergillus. Most strikingly, IL-36γ is significantly induced by live A. fumigatus conidia and heat-killed hyphae, whereas IL-36Ra (IL-36 receptor antagonist) is significantly induced by heat-killed conidia, hyphae, and live conidia. We also observed that IL-36γ expression is dependent on the dectin-1/Syk and TLR4 signaling pathway. In contrast, TLR2 and CR3 inhibit IL-36γ expression. The biological relevance of IL-36 induction by Aspergillus is demonstrated by experiments showing that inhibition of the IL-36 receptor by IL-36Ra reduces Aspergillus-induced IL-17 and IFN-γ. These data describe that IL-36-dependent signals are a novel cytokine pathway that regulates Th responses induced by A. fumigatus, and demonstrate a role for TLR4 and dectin-1 in the induction of IL-36γ.
Passive nondestructive evaluation of ferromagnetic materials during deformation using SQUID gradiometers (1993)

An experimental system is described for in situ passive measurement of changes in the magnetic field of ferromagnetic materials subject to tensile deformation. Changes in magnetic field during deformation are monitored using a three-axes first-order superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) gradiometer. The gradiometer is held in a fixed position while a horizontal load frame has been constructed from nonferromagnetic materials. Results are presented for cold-rolled steel specimens. The magnetic field gradient was measured by scanning the specimen in the x-y plane while at a constant stress at a fixed distance from the tail of the SQUID dewar.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Second generation monolithic full-depletion radiation sensor with integrated CMOS circuitry (2010)

A second-generation monolithic silicon radiation sensor has been built and characterized. This pixel detector has CMOS circuitry fabricated directly in the high-resistivity floatzone substrate. The bulk is fully depleted from bias applied to the backside diode. Within the array, PMOS pixel circuitry forms the first stage amplifiers. Full CMOS circuitry implementing further amplification as well as column and row logic is located in the periphery of the pixel array. This allows a sparse-field readout scheme where only pixels with signals above a certain threshold are readout. We describe the fabrication process, circuit design, system performance, and results of gamma-ray radiation tests.
Stabilization of Calcium Oxalate Metastable Phases by Oligo(l-glutamic acid): Effect of Peptide Chain Length (2011)

The understanding of the crystal growth of calcium oxalate and its inhibition is of great importance not only in medicine and biomineralization, but also in industry, as undesired deposits of this mineral are often formed. In this work, oligo(l-glutamic acid)s of different and well-defined chain lengths were synthesized by solid-phase synthesis to serve as a model system for acid-rich biogenic macromolecules during the precipitation of calcium oxalate. The kinetic parameters of the precipitation process in the presence of the model peptides and the characteristics of the products were investigated. The peptide additives inhibit the nucleation and crystal growth of calcium oxalate and control the morphology and the phase, being calcium oxalate dihydrate the promoted phase with long-chain peptides. The results showed that the chain length, rather than simply the amount of carboxylic groups, plays a deciding role in the morphology, phase, and stability of the resulting crystals. We showed how the presence of oligo(l-glutamic acid)s is able to stabilize metastable calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) and calcium oxalate trihydrate (COT). Although COD and COT convert commonly under thermodynamic conditions to the thermodynamically stable monohydrate phase (COM), in the presence of the homopeptidic additives, the formed metastable phases remained stabilized over very long periods of time. To prove the incorporation of the additives in the crystals, carboxyl-functionalized latex nanoparticles—which are easy to observe by electron microscopy—were used as models of carboxylic macromolecular additives. The formation of calcium oxalate in the presence of the latex particles showed that the additives become incorporated into the crystal, which can explain the stabilization of the metastable phases.
Impact of a patient-derived hepatitis C viral RNA genome with a mutated microRNA binding site (2019)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) depends on liver-specific microRNA miR-122 for efficient viral RNA amplification in liver cells. This microRNA interacts with two different conserved sites at the very 5' end of the viral RNA, enhancing miR-122 stability and promoting replication of the viral RNA. Treatment of HCV patients with oligonucleotides that sequester miR-122 resulted in profound loss of viral RNA in phase II clinical trials. However, some patients accumulated in their sera a viral RNA genome that contained a single cytidine to uridine mutation at the third nucleotide from the 5' genomic end. It is shown here that this C3U variant indeed displayed higher rates of replication than that of wild-type HCV when miR-122 abundance is low in liver cells. However, when miR-122 abundance is high, binding of miR-122 to site 1, most proximal to the 5' end in the C3U variant RNA, is impaired without disrupting the binding of miR-122 to site 2. As a result, C3U RNA displays a much lower rate of replication than wild-type mRNA when miR-122 abundance is high in the liver. This phenotype was accompanied by binding of a different set of cellular proteins to the 5' end of the C3U RNA genome. In particular, binding of RNA helicase DDX6 was important for displaying the C3U RNA replication phenotype in liver cells. These findings suggest that sequestration of miR-122 leads to a resistance-associated mutation that has only been observed in treated patients so far, and raises the question about the function of the C3U variant in the peripheral blood.
International Survey on the Management of Acute Kidney Injury and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies: Year 2018 (2018)

KDIGO appeared to be widely applied. The use of novel biomarkers has also emerged in recent years even if some consistent cost-benefit evidence is still lacking. There is a trend of increased awareness about AKI and extracorporeal treatments seem to be increasingly applied, when compared to previous surveys. Educational efforts and AKI management standardization still appear to be a fundamental aspect to harmonize therapeutic approaches and improve patients' outcomes.
Electro-photographic-model-based halftoning (2009)

Most halftoning algorithms assume there is no interaction between neighboring dots or if there is, it is additive. Without accounting for dot-gain effect, the printed image will not have the appearance predicted by the halftoning algorithm. Thus, there is need to embed a printer model in the halftoning algorithm which can predict such deviations and develop a halftone accordingly. The direct binary search (DBS) algorithm employs a search heuristic to minimize the mean squared perceptually filtered error between the halftone and continuous-tone original images. We incorporate a measurementbased stochastic model for dot interactions of an electro-photographic printer within the iterative DBS binary halftoning algorithm. The stochastic model developed is based on microscopic absorptance and variance measurements. We present an efficient strategy to estimate the impact of 5×5 neighborhood pixels on the central pixel absorptance. By including the impact of 5×5 neighborhood pixels, the average relative error between the predicted tone and tone observed is reduced from around 21% to 4%. Also, the experimental results show that electrophotography-model based halftoning reduces the mottle and banding artifacts.
Characterization of lipophilic house dust mite-allergens with regard to the allergic phenotype (2014)

The common causes for respiratory allergies and allergic asthma are house dust mites (HDM). Not all HDM-allergic patients are detected by use of commercially available aqueous HDM-extract. Especially with regard to lipophilic allergens a lot of information is still lacking which is due to their low concentration in the respective extracts or because they are hidden in a complex matrix. However, there is evidence from other allergen sources that lipophilic allergens are associated with severe clinical reactions. For studying these allergens in more detail as probable cause for HDM-asthma and for improving diagnostic tests, lipophilic allergens need to be identified, isolated and characterized in order to determine their allergenic risk.
Prevalence of Neovaginal High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Among Transgender Women in The Netherlands (2016)

A prevalence of neovaginal hrHPV infection of 20% is observed in Dutch transgender women, who self-reported to be sexually active. The clinical consequences neovaginal hrHPV infection in transgender women require further attention.
[Diagnostic pneumology using model aerosols]. (1999)

Clearance of Aerosol Particles from the Airways: Measurement of the efficiency and kinetics of particle clearance from the airways is dependent on the site of particle deposition within the lungs. Insoluble particles deposited in the alveolar region are mainly cleared by macrophages over a period of hundreds of days, whereas particles from the tracheobronchial airways are mainly cleared within hours or days by mucociliary clearance. We introduce a method for mucociliary clearance measurements called 'Radio-Bolus-Scintigraphy'. A small volume of radiolabelled aerosol particles sandwiched in clean air (aerosol bolus) is inhaled near the end of a tidal breath which leads to a preferential deposition of the particles in the airways. Particles were Fe3O4 labelled with 99mTc with an aerodynamic particle diameter of 3.5 microns (monodisperse). The retention of the particles within the lungs was detected by Gamma Camera and Human Scintillation Counter. 26 healthy subjects volunteered in this study (14 nonsmokers and 12 smokers). The half width of the mucociliary clearance was found to be 2.4 h in nonsmokers and 3.3 h in smokers (p < 0.05). Intersubject variability was small, 24 hours after inhalation 55% (+/- 6%) of the inhaled particles were still found in the airways of the subjects. No difference was found between nonsmokers and smokers. Good intersubject reproducibility makes this method useful in therapy control as well as in early diagnosis of changes in mucociliary clearance kinetics and efficiency.
Dual stress liner for high performance sub-45nm gate length SOI CMOS manufacturing (2005)

For the first time, tensile and compressively stressed nitride contact liners have been simultaneously incorporated into a high performance CMOS flow. This dual stress liner (DSL) approach results in NFET/PFET effective drive current enhancement of 15%/32% and saturated drive current enhancement of 11%/20%. Significant hole mobility enhancement of 60% is achieved without using SiGe. Inverter ring oscillator delay is reduced by 24% with DSL. Overall yield for the DSL process is comparable to that of a similar technology without DSL. Single and multi-core SOI microprocessors are being manufactured using the DSL process in multiple, high-volume fabrication facilities.
Volume regulation by Necturus gallbladder: apical Na+-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO-3 exchange (1982)

Necturus gallbladder epithelial cells exhibited volume regulatory swelling when exposed to a hypertonic mucosal bathing solution. The initial, osmotically induced shrinkage was followed by a rapid increase in cell volume back to the control value despite continuing hypertonicity of the mucosal perfusate. This volume regulatory increase occurred by osmotic water flow accompanying the transient cellular uptake of NaCl from the mucosal bathing solution. Volume regulatory increase required Na+ and Cl- in the mucosal bath; it was inhibited by amiloride or 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid but not by bumetanide or ouabain. The K1/2 for Na+ was 2.8 mM, the K1/2 for Cl- was 1.9 mM, and maximum velocity of fluid flow into the cell for both ions was greater than 10 x 10(-6) cm/s. Both volume regulatory increase and transepithelial fluid absorption involve NaCl flux across the apical membrane into the cells, but the nature of the NaCl fluxes differ in the two processes. During volume regulatory increase NaCl enters the cells by parallel Na+-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO-3 exchanges, whereas during transepithelial fluid absorption NaCl enters the cell by the coupled flux of NaCl.
A Low-Power Wireless Piezoelectric Sensor-Based Respiration Monitoring System Realized in CMOS Process (2017)

This paper presents a methodology of monitoring respiration pattern using piezoelectric transducer incorporating CMOS integrated circuits for signal processing and data transmission. As a proof of concept, the system has been tested by placing electrodes on human chest using adhesive hydrogel to detect the pulsatile vibration due to respiration. The system can be used either as a wearable device itself or alternatively can be attached to a jacket or a chest belt. The front-end transducer is a piezoelectric material-based sensor, which is comprised of a ferroelectric polymer named polyvinylidene-fluoride (PVDF). PVDF is also biocompatible, which makes the sensor suitable to be used as a wearable device. The charge produced by the sensor is converted to a proportional voltage signal with the help of a charge amplifier designed in a standard 130-nm CMOS process with eight metal and one poly layer. The analog voltage signal acquired from the charge amplifier is then converted into a digital signal using a reconfigurable pipelined analog-to-digital converter for ease of transmission. An impulse-radio ultra-wideband transmitter operating in the frequency range of 3.1-5 GHz is designed for wireless transmission of the data. The smaller footprint, lighter weight, wireless telemetry, and low-cost material along with the low-power integrated CMOS circuitry for signal processing and data transmission make the proposed system an attractive choice for stable respiration monitoring system.
Cu(OAc)2–Et3N mediated oxidative coupling of α-azido ketones with pyridinium ylides: utilizing in situ generated imines for regioselective synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines (2015)

Phenacyl azides were reacted with pyridinium ylides in the presence of Cu(OAc)2 (2 mol%) and Et3N utilizing molecular oxygen as a green oxidant to yield imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in exclusive regioselectivity. Following the optimized protocol, 28 different fused heterocycles were synthesized in high yields (71-92%). In order to get mechanistic insight into the reaction, a few control experiments were carried out and the role of the copper salt was discussed.
Changes in serum zinc, sialic acid, glucose and lipid profile in NIDDM (1999)

Serum zinc, sialic acid, lipids, lipoproteins and glucose were quantified in the subjects with NIDDM and compared with normal subjects. Low serum zinc levels with elevated triglycerides, sialic acid, LDL-C and glucose were observed in subjects with NIDDM. A highly significant inverse correlation was observed between serum zinc and sialic acid, zinc and glucose. Dyslipidemia was observed in subjects with NIDDM. The significant inverse relationship of zinc with the atherogenic factors, especially LDL, sialic acid and glucose, increases the risk of the cardiovascular disease in the subjects with NIDDM. Further studies are needed to study the metabolic role of zinc and its association with sialic acid in NIDDM.
Improvements to the simplified analysis method for the design of seismically isolated bridges in CSA-S6-14 (2016)

The design provisions for seismically isolated bridges in the CAN/CSA-S6 Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code and the AASHTO Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design ( AASHTO 2010 , 2014 ) have been developed primarily based on ground motions recorded along the west coast of North America. Both codes include a simplified analysis procedure that relies on an equivalent effective linearization of the nonlinear isolated structure together with damping coefficients to account for the effect of energy dissipation on the response of the isolated system. The appropriateness and range of application of code-specified simplified methods were investigated through nonlinear time-history analyses to propose improvements to this procedure for the new edition of the CSA-S6-2014 code. Based on these analyses, new damping coefficients are proposed for Eastern North America (ENA) and new limits for the application of the simplified method are defined. For ENA, the method with newly proposed damping coefficients can give good bridge displacement estimates for equivalent damping ratios of up to 40%, which broadens the possible designs that can be achieved using the simplified method. This study also showed that applicability limits could be defined more accurately as a function of the system properties.
Complete genome sequence of Nitratireductor sp. strain OM-1: A lipid-producing bacterium with potential use in wastewater treatment (2019)

Reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions is necessary to alleviate rising global temperature. Renewable sources of energy are becoming an increasingly important substitute for fossil fuels. An important step in this direction is the isolation of novel, technologically relevant microorganisms. <i>Nitratireductor</i> sp. strain OM-1 can convert volatile short-chain fatty acids in wastewater into 2-butenoic acid and its ester and can accumulate intracellularly esterified compounds up to 50% of its dried cell weight under nitrogen-depleted conditions. It is believed that a novel fatty acid biosynthesis pathway including an esterifying enzyme is encoded in its genome. In this study, we report the whole-genome sequence (4.8 Mb) of OM-1, which comprises a chromosome (3,977,827 bp) and a megaplasmid (857,937 bp). This sequence information provides insight into the genome organization and biochemical pathways of OM-1. In addition, we identified lipid biosynthesis pathways in OM-1, paving the way to a better understanding of its biochemical characterization.
Raw data for Figure 4A: Neutralising antibodies against IFN-γ and TNF-α reduce the immunosuppressive capacity of Mesoangioblasts/HIDEMs (2013)

CFSE labelled PBMCs were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 beads in the presence of HIDEMs/mesoangioblasts (1:4) and neutralising antibodies against IFN-γ and TNF-α or irrelevant isotype control antibody (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 µg/ml) or recombinant IL-1RA (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 µg/ml). Cells were harvested on day 6 and stained with anti-CD3 and 7AAD. After gating on CD3+7AAD- the number of CFSE diluting cells were enumerated using counting beads. Experiments were carried out in duplicates. n=4.
Q-score (2011)

In large-scale IPTV systems, it is essential to maintain high service quality while providing a wider variety of service features than typical traditional TV. Thus service quality assessment systems are of paramount importance as they monitor the user-perceived service quality and alert when issues occurs. For IPTV systems, however, there is no simple metric to represent user-perceived service quality and Quality of Experience (QoE). Moreover, there is only limited user feedback, often in the form of noisy and delayed customer calls. Therefore, we aim to approximate the QoE through a selected set of performance indicators in a proactive (i.e., detect issues before customers reports to call centers) and scalable fashion.