gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-Point Resistive RAM Based on Field-Assisted Superlinear Threshold Selector (2015)

We report a 3-D-stackable 1S1R passive cross-point resistive random access memory (RRAM). The sneak (leakage) current challenge in the cross-point RRAM integration has been overcome utilizing a field-assisted superlinear threshold selector. The selector offers high selectivity of >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> , sharp switching slope of <;5 mV/decade, ability to tune the threshold voltage, stable operation at 125°C, and endurance of >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> . Furthermore, we demonstrate 1S1R integration in which the selector-subthreshold current is <;10 pA while offering >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> memory ON/OFF ratio and >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> selectivity during cycling. Combined with self-current-controlled RRAM, the 1S1R enables high-density and high-performance memory applications.
Avicinylation (thioesterification): A protein modification that can regulate the response to oxidative and nitrosative stress (2005)

Avicins are a recently discovered family of plant-derived terpenoid molecules that possess proapoptotic, antiinflammatory, and cytoprotective properties in mammalian cells. Previous work demonstrating that avicins can exert their effects by suppressing or activating the redox-sensitive transcription factors NF-kappaB and nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor (Nrf2), respectively, has raised the idea that they may react with critical cysteine residues. To understand the molecular mechanism through which avicins regulate protein function, we examined their effects on the paradigmatic redox-responsive transcriptional activator, OxyR of Escherichia coli, which protects bacterial cells against oxidative and nitrosative stresses. In vitro transcription assays demonstrated that avicins activate OxyR and its target genes katG and oxyS in a DTT-reversible manner. In addition, katG-dependent hydroperoxidase I activity was enhanced in avicin-treated bacteria. Mass spectrometric analysis of activated OxyR revealed thioesterification of the critical regulatory cysteine, Cys-199, to an avicin fragment comprising the outer monoterpene side chain. Our results indicate that avicinylation can induce adaptive responses that protect cells against oxidative or nitrosative stress. More generally, transesterification may represent a previously undescribed thiol-directed posttranslational modification, which extends the code for redox regulation of protein function.
Nanoscale recording transducer for perpendicular magnetic recording (2005)

A study of a perpendicular magnetic recording transducer with the potential to be utilized at areal densities above 1Tbit∕in.2 is presented. Focused ion beam etching is used to fabricate the transducer via trimming of a regular nanoslider ring head from an air bearing surface. The transducer is compared with a regular ring-type head. With spinstand experiments, it is demonstrated that the overlapping width determines the effective trackwidth in the case of the transducer. With other conditions equal, the transducer indicates substantially higher efficiency. The saturation current values for the transducer and the ring head are measured to be above 350 and 800mAturn, respectively. The performance of the transducer is tested with two types of perpendicular recording media, with and without a soft underlayer, respectively. The experiments indicate that, contrary to the common belief, the medium without a soft underlayer demonstrates the potential for achieving substantially higher areal densities.
1D profiling using highly dispersive guided waves (2016)

Corrosion is one of the industries major issues regarding the integrity of assets. Currently inspections are conducted at regular intervals to ensure a sufficient integrity level of these assets. Cost reduction while maintaining a high level of reliability and safety of installations is a major challenge. There are many situations where the actual defect location is not accessible, e.g., a pipe support or a partially buried pipe. In case of bottom of the line corrosion, i.e., a single corrosion pit, a simpler approach may be followed. Guided waves are propagated around the circumference of a pipe. In case of wall loss, the phase of the signal changes which is used to estimate the local wall thickness profile. A special EMAT sensor has been developed, which works in a pit-catch configuration at the 12 o'clock position using highly dispersive guided waves. In order to improve the sensitivity, an inversion in performed on multiple orders of circumferential passes. Experimental results are presented on different pipes containing artificial and real defects.
Dynamic Interconversion of Amorphous Microparticles and Crystalline Rods in Salen-Based Homochiral Infinite Coordination Polymers (2007)

This paper describes a new class of homochiral salen-based infinite coordination polymers (ICPs) and the discovery of a novel and pseudo-reversible solvent-induced crystallization process. The solvent, methanol in this case, induces such a transformation through a change in the coordination environment around the metal bridging the metallo-salen portion of the complex. This transformation has allowed us to use X-ray methods to structurally characterize the crystalline product and through spectroscopic comparisons better understand the connectivity and structure of the amorphous ICP particles from which it is derived.
All-digital cancellation technique to mitigate self-jamming in uplink carrier aggregation in cellular handsets (2013)

Future handsets employing uplink carrier aggregation to increase transmit data rates will experience severe degradation in receiver sensitivity due to intermodulation products created by the nonlinearity of switches and duplexers in the RF front end for a number of LTE band combinations. To maintain the same receiver sensitivity an all-digital cancellation algorithm is proposed that relies solely on the digital representation of the signals, a peak covariance search for time alignment, and a recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive filter. This technique provides up to 20 dB improvement of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), for 5-MHz LTE signals.
Effect of Coronal Alignment on 10-Year Survivorship of a Single Contemporary Total Knee Arthroplasty (2021)

Debate remains regarding the utility of mechanical axis alignment as a predictor of durability after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Our study aimed to assess the effects of coronal alignment on implant durability, clinical outcomes, and radiographic results with a single fixed-bearing TKA design. All patients undergoing primary cemented TKA of a single design (Stryker Triathlon) from 2005-2007 with >10 years of follow-up and available pre-operative and post-operative hip-knee-ankle radiographs were included (<i>n</i> = 89). Radiographs were measured to determine coronal alignment and assessed for loosening. Mean preoperative mechanical axis alignment was -6° ± 6.7° (varus, range, -16°-23°), while mean post-operative alignment was -1° ± 2.7° (varus, range, -3°-15°). The aligned group was defined as knees with a post-operative mechanical axis of 0° ± 3° (<i>n</i> = 73) and the outlier group as those outside this range (<i>n</i> = 16). No patients underwent revision. Ten-year survivorship free from any reoperation was 99% and 100% in the aligned and outlier groups, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.64). Knee Society scores improved significantly in both groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and did not differ at final follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.15). No knees demonstrated radiographic evidence of loosening. Post-operative mechanical axis alignment within 3° of neutral was not associated with improved implant durability, clinical outcomes, or radiographic results at 10 years following primary TKA.
Extensive intragenic sequence homology in two distinct rat lens gamma-crystallin cDNAs suggests duplications of a primordial gene. (1982)

The nucleotide sequences of two different rat lens gamma-crystallin cDNA clones, pRL gamma 2 and pRL gamma 3, have been determined. pRL gamma 3 contains the complete coding information for a gamma-crystallin of 173 amino acids whereas pRL gamma 2 is incomplete in that it lacks the codons for the first three amino acids of a separate but very homologous gamma-crystallin of identical length. Both rat gamma-crystallins are homologous to the known amino acid sequence of bovine gamma-crystallin II which is only a single amino acid longer. The length of the region downstream the coding sequence to the A-A-T-A-A-A polyadenylylation signal sequence is 40 nucleotides in each clone. In pRL gamma 3 the poly(A) signal sequence is followed at 14 nucleotides by a remnant of the poly(A) tail which indicates that this clone contains a complete 3' noncoding region. pRL gamma 2 has only seven nucleotides following this signal sequence and no poly(A) tail, suggesting an incomplete 3' end. The cDNA clones show an overall nucleotide sequence homology of 85%. The mutual homology at the amino acid level is 73% whereas their amino acid homology with bovine gamma-crystallin II is about 70%. The nucleotide sequence of each clone also reveals a high intragenic homology and seems to be duplicated in itself. We suggest that the gamma-crystallin genes have arisen by multiple duplications of a primordial gene which consisted of about 120 nucleotides.
Keyhole Coherent Diffraction Imaging of an Extended Transparent Sample Using Curved Multilayer Mirrors (2013)

We use keyhole coherent diffraction imaging to gain ~20x increase in flux and fully characterize the illumination, allowing us to image a semi-transparent sample in amplitude and phase. This capability is important for x-ray microscopes.
High cetane renewable diesel fuels prepared from bio-based methyl ketones and diols (2017)

Alkyl dioxolane fuels with high cetane numbers and low melting points are derived from bio-based methyl ketones and vicinal diols.
25 GENOME EDITING OF SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER DERIVED ZYGOTES BY CLUSTERED REGULARLY INTERSPACED SHORT PALINDROMIC REPEATS (CRISPR)/Cas9 GUIDE RNA INJECTION (2015)

Recent applications of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system have greatly improved the efficiency of genome editing in pigs. However, in some cases, genetically modified pig models need an additional modification to improve their application. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether a combination of somatic cell NT (SCNT) by using a previously modified donor cell line and subsequent zygote injection with CRISPR/Cas9 guide RNA to target a second gene would result in embryos and offspring successfully containing both modifications. Fibroblast cell lines were collected from fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase deficient (FAH–/–) fetuses and used as the donor cell line. Somatic cell NT was performed by standard technique. A CRISPR guide RNA specific for recombination activating gene 2 (RAG2) was designed and in vitro transcribed from a synthesised gBlock (IDT) containing a T7 promoter sequence, the CRISPR Guide RNA (20 bp), and 85 bp of tracer RNA. The gBlock was PCR amplified with Q5 polymerase (NEB, Ipswich, MA, USA) and in vitro transcribed with the MEGAshortscript™ T7 Transcription Kit (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA). Guide RNA (20 ng µL–1) and polyadenylated Cas9 (20 ng µL–1, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) were co-injected into the cytoplasm of SCNT zygotes at 14 to 16 h after fusion and activation. Injected SCNT were then cultured in vitro in PZM3 + 1.69 mM arginine medium (MU1) to Day 5. Three embryo transfers were performed surgically into recipient gilts on Day 4 or 5 of oestrus (50, 62, or 70 embryos per pig) to evaluate in vivo development. The remaining embryos were cultured in MU1 to Day 7 and analysed for the presence of modifications to the RAG2 gene. Embryos were classified as modified if they contained an INDEL as measured by both gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing of PCR amplicons spanning the targeted exon. The RAG2 modification rate was 83.3% (n = 6), of which 50% (n = 3) of the embryos contained biallelic modifications. All control embryos contained a wild-type RAG2 gene (n = 5). Embryo transfer resulted in a 33.3% pregnancy rate (1/3). The combination of SCNT and CRISPR/Cas9 zygote injection can be a highly efficient tool to successfully create pig embryos with an additional modification. This additional technique further improves the usefulness of already created genetically modified pig models. This study was funded by the National Institutes of Health via U42 OD011140.
B-chronic lymphocytic leukemias can undergo isotype switching in vivo and can be induced to differentiate and switch in vitro [see comments] (1996)

B-chronic lymphocytic leukemias (B-CLL) represent expanded clones of resting B lymphocytes that mostly express surface IgM (sIgM). The present study shows that B-CLL cells, freshly isolated from two patients, were sIgM+, sIgG-, and sIgA- but expressed IgG and IgA transcripts. cDNA cloning and sequencing showed that the VDJ segments associated to gamma and alpha heavy chain transcripts are identical to those from mu transcripts, thus showing that B lymphocytes giving rise to CLL cells have undergone isotype switching in vivo. Stimulation of these B-CLL cells through surface CD40 in the presence of interleukin-10 induced them to secrete IgG and IgA, proving that they can also differentiate into Ig-secreting cells. Finally, CD40-stimulated B-CLL cells were induced to switch towards IgE in response to interleukin-4, as shown by the presence of specific VDJ-C epsilon transcripts and the secretion of IgE. Therefore, B-CLL cells tested herein can undergo isotype switching in vivo and can be induced to undergo further isotype switching and differentiation in vitro.
TW-ps laser driven blocks for light ion beam fusion in solid density DT (2005)

It is being clarified why the observations of plane wave geometry <i>interaction within the skin depth</i> of a laser irradiated target are very unique exceptions from the broad stream of the usual experiments of laser plasma interaction. This permits a much more simplified description by plane wave interaction theory for laser pulses of about ps or shorter duration and powers above TW and simplifies computations in contrast to the usual cases with relativistic self-focusing. After establishing theoretically and experimentally the generation of highly directed <i>plasma blocks with ion current densities above 10<sup>10</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup></i> moving against the laser light or into the target, applications for laser fusion, and a completely new improvement of ion sources for the next generation of accelerators are discussed.
Excitation System for Magnetic Resonance Elastography Using Micro MRI (2012)

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a nondestructive method for measuring the hardness and softness of living tissue by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coupled with mechanical excitation of the subject. The shear modulus of a tissue is related to the velocity of transverse waves propagating through it, and local movements are obtained from MRI phase images. Micro MRI systems are available for high-resolution MRE measurements of soft materials. Longitudinal waves are effective for long-distance wave propagation from small excitation areas in micro MRI systems, and the transverse waves produced by the longitudinal waves can be used for elastography. This study proposes an excitation system comprising a high-power vibration generator and bar-shaped vibration transmitter made from an elastic material. The transmission characteristics of the glass-fiber-reinforced plastic bar-shaped transducer were evaluated by measuring the accelerations at its base and tip. The performance of the excitation system, which focused on the effects of frequency and amplitude, was investigated for measuring storage and loss modulus distributions in agarose gel. This system could transfer longitudinal waves with an amplitude of 0.5 mm and frequency between 50 and 250 Hz, without significant damping. Moreover, the excitation capabilities for gel phantoms were evaluated by MRE using 0.3T micro MRI equipment. A large amplitude of 0.5 mm and high frequency of 250 Hz produced less data scatter than smaller amplitudes and lower frequencies. MRE performance improved upon using strong excitations.
Design and performance of very-high-density 60-fiber connectors (2003)

High-density, high-count mechanically transferable (MT)-type and multifiber push-on (MPO)-type connectors were constructed by using a monolithic 60-fiber ferrule that aligns five stacked 12-fiber ribbons. The MT- and MPO-type connectors have high packaging densities of 286 and 40 fibers/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively. We fabricated both types of connector. The average insertion loss of the MT type was 0.30 dB and that of the MPO type 0.70 dB, with and without index-matching material, respectively.
STAP via Knowledge‐Aided Covariance Estimation and the FRACTA Meta‐Algorithm (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The FRACTA Meta-Algorithm Practical Aspects of Censoring Knowledge-Aided FRACTA Partially Adaptive FRACTA Conclusions References
<title>Accurate measurement of thin-polymeric-films index variations: application to elasto-optic effect and to photochromism</title> (1991)

Attenuated total reflection (ATR) is commonly used for measuring small variations of the index of refraction of thin polymeric films. We show that a careful analysis of reflectivity dips, due to the excitation of guided modes in the film, allows a precise measurement of very small variations of the anisotropic index of refraction and of the thickness of the film. This is very useful for studying a wide variety of physical phenomena such as electro-optic effects, piezoelectricity, electrostriction, mechanical and thermal strains inducing elasto-optic effects (i.e., photoelasticity), and photochromism. In this paper we particularly emphasize the measurement of some components of the photoelastic tensor and of the index variations associated with cis-trans photoisomerization of azo dyes which have been clearly demonstrated in doped polymeric films. Kinetics of cis-trans optical pumping and of relaxation in darkness have been studied. It is noticeable that the layered configuration of samples and the guided waves excited by ATR are quite similar to the structure and to the propagation conditions of integrated optics devices.
Web-based versus controlled environment psychophysics experiments (2007)

A recent trend in psychophysics experiments related to image quality is to perform the experiments on the World Wide Web with a large number of observers instead of in a laboratory under controlled conditions. This method assumes that the large number of participants involved in a Web investigation "averages out" the parameters that the experiments would require to keep fixed in the same experiment performed, following a traditional approach, under controlled conditions. In this paper we present the results of two experiments we have conducted to assess the minimum value of color contrast to ensure readability. The first experiment was performed in a controlled environment, the second on the Web. The result emerging from the statistical data analysis is that the Web experiment yields the same conclusions as the experiment done in the laboratory.
CC-1065 Analogues Bearing Different DNA-Binding Subunits:  Synthesis, Antitumor Activity, and Preliminary Toxicity Study (2003)

CC-1065 analogues bearing different DNA-binding subunits were synthesized. A terminal C5-NO2 and -F moiety at the DNA-binding subunit increased the drug's potency and antitumor efficacy. A C5-OCH3 reduced the potency and antitumor efficacy. Compound (+/-)-7, bearing a trans double bond, had increased antitumor efficacy. A preliminary toxicity study indicated that terminal C5-OCH3 and -acetamido moieties at the DNA-binding subunit caused delayed death in mice.
Optimized LiFePO[sub 4] for Lithium Battery Cathodes (2001)

powders were synthesized under various conditions and the performance of the cathodes was evaluated using coin cells. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope observations, Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller surface area measurements, particle-size distribution measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Ab initio calculation was used to confirm the experimental redox potentials and Mössbauer parameters. The choice of a moderate sintering temperature and a homogeneous precursor enabled nearly perfect utilization of >95% of the 170 mAh/g theoretical capacity at room temperature. There are two main obstacles to achieving optimum charge/discharge performance of (i) undesirable particle growth at and (ii) the presence of a noncrystalline residual phase at © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
<title>Dielectric properties of different composite structures</title> (1999)

Finite element calculations of frequency dependent dielectric permittivity of different binary system composed of conductive cylindrical inclusions in a less conductive matrix are presented. The inclusions were distributed regularly in three different geometrical structures. The smallest repeatable units of the structures were used in the computations. The relative permittivities of the inclusions and matrix were taken to be the same and equal to 4, whereas their conductivities were 1 X 10<SUP>-7</SUP> and 1 X 10<SUP>-20</SUP> ((Omega) X m)<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The systems showed classical Debye behavior. An increase in the dielectric constant at the low frequency side as observed with did not show any differences when q &lt;EQ 0.30. However, the relative permittivities were not the same for different lattices at higher q values. This effect was due to the interaction of the inclusions with each other.
1,4-Dihydroindeno[1,2-c]pyrazoles with Acetylenic Side Chains as Novel and Potent Multitargeted Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors with Low Affinity for the hERG Ion Channel (2007)

The synthesis of a novel series of 1,4-dihydroindeno[1,2-c]pyrazoles with acetylene-type side chains is described. Optimization of those compounds as KDR kinase inhibitors identified 8, which displayed an oral activity in an estradiol-induced murine uterine edema model (ED50 = 3 mg/kg) superior to Sutent (ED50 = 9 mg/kg) and showed potent antitumor efficacy in an MX-1 human breast carcinoma xenograft tumor growth model (tumor growth inhibition = 90% at 25 mg/kg.day po). The compound was docked into a homology model of the homo-tetrameric pore domain of the hERG potassium channel to identify strategies to improve its cardiac safety profile. Systematic interruption of key binding interactions between 8 and Phe656, Tyr652, and Ser624 yielded 90, which only showed an IC50 of 11.6 microM in the hERG patch clamp assay. The selectivity profile for 8 and 90 revealed that both compounds are multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors with low nanomolar potencies against the members of the VEGFR and PDGFR kinase subfamilies.