gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incidence of TEL/AML1 Fusion in Children With Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (1998)

The TEL/AML1 fusion associated with t(12;21)(p13;q22) is the most common gene rearrangement in childhood leukemia, occurring in approximately 25% of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and is associated with a favorable prognosis. For example, a cohort of pediatric patients with ALL retrospectively analyzed for theTEL/AML1 fusion treated on Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) ALL Consortium protocols between 1980 to 1991 demonstrated a 100% relapse-free survival in TEL/AML1-positive patients with a median of 8.3 years of follow-up. However, two recent studies analyzing pediatric patients with relapsed ALL have reported the same incidence of the TEL/AML1 rearrangement as in patients with newly diagnosed ALL, suggesting that TEL/AML1 positivity is not a favorable prognostic indicator. To clarify this apparent discrepancy, 48 pediatric patients treated on Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) protocols with ALL at first or second relapse were tested forTEL/AML1 using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The TEL/AML1 fusion was identified in only 1 of 32 analyzable relapsed ALL patients, in concordance with our previous reports of improved disease-free survival in TEL/AML1-positive patients. The low frequency of TEL/AML1-positive patients at relapse is significantly different than that reported in other studies. Although there are several potential explanations for the observed differences in TEL/AML1-positive patients at relapse, it is plausible that relapse-free survival in TEL/AML1-positive patients may be changed with different therapeutic approaches. Taken together, these results support the need for prospective analysis of prognosis in TEL/AML1-positive patients.
Partikelmesstechnik (2011)

Partikelmesstechnik wäre eigentlich ein Thema für ein eigenständiges Buch. Deshalb wird hier nicht eingegangen auf die Darstellung von Partikelgrößenverteilungen, nicht auf die Probennahme und auch nicht auf konventionelle Messmethoden. Diese für die Partikelmesstechnik relevanten Themen können bei Bedarf z. B. in dem Buch von Löffler & Raasch über die „Grundlagen der Mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik“ nachgelesen werden (siehe Hinweise zur weiterführenden Literatur).
Soft decision decoding of RAID stripe for higher endurance of flash memory based solid state drives (2015)

RAID schemes have been in use for hard disk drives to provide improved performance or fault tolerance. RAID schemes, particularly RAID 2 and higher comprise of striping and adding parity. For solid state drives (SSDs), to combat die failures, schemes like RAID 5 and RAID 6 are effective. The idea is to have block level striping with distributed parity to provide data recovery in case of single or multiple die failures. In this work, we analyze the RAID 5 case used in SSDs when there is no die failure. For this case, the distributed parity information can be used to either combat higher raw bit error rate (RBER) or to improve the uncorrectable bit error rate (ÜBER). The algorithm we propose can be used with BCH or LDPC codes. With LDPC codes, it uses soft information on RAID 5 parity in order to recover from multiple error correcting code (ECC) fatals in a RAID stripe. The entire stripe data is read and then decoding is performed using the RAID parity to try recovery. We used simulations in order to characterize the RBER gains. First, modeling of the RBER distribution of the dies was performed using the log-normal distribution. Using this model, a performance evaluation for ECC schemes like LDPC codes and BCH codes was performed. We show that if LDPC codes are used, RAID 5 theoretically offers an RBER capability which is 3 times that of the error correcting code RBER capability. However, it is not possible to realize this RBER benefit completely since it has SSD performance downside. In order to meet the Quality of Service (QoS) specification, a realizable RBER gain is by a factor of 1.3 to 2 instead of 3. Further, these gains can only be realized if an LDPC code is used as an error correcting code, algebraic codes like BCH codes will provide limited gains. If no RBER benefit is permitted by a particular configuration of solid state drive, this scheme can be used to provide UBER gain by 3 orders of magnitude.
Automatic construction of structural models incorporating discontinuous transformations (1996)

Presents an approach to automatic construction of structural models incorporating discontinuous transformations, with emphasis on application to unconstrained handwritten character recognition. The author considers this problem as constructing inductively, from the data set, some shape descriptions that tolerate certain types of shape transformations. The approach is based on the exploration of complete, systematic, high-level models on the effects of the transformations, and the generalization process is controlled and supported by the high-level transformation models. An analysis of the a priori effects of commonly occurring discontinuous transformations is carried out completely and systematically, leading to a small, tractable number of distinct cases. Based on this analysis, an algorithm for the inference of super-classes under these transformations is designed. Furthermore, through examples and experiments, the author shows that the proposed algorithm can generalize unconstrained handwritten characters into a small number of classes, and that one class can represent various deformed patterns.
Alignment-Tolerant Fi-Wi-Fi Free-Space Optical Bridge (2023)

We demonstrate a simplified out-door FSO link with modal split for down-/uplink and confirm its long-term stability without active beam tracking. We further prove the duality of modal and directional split through penalty-free full-duplex transmission.
Trihexyphenidyl treatment of clozapine-induced hypersalivation (1997)

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the anticholinergic agent trihexyphenidyl in the treatment of clozapine-induced hypersalivation. Fourteen chronic schizophrenic patients who exhibited nocturnal hypersalivation during clozapine treatment were coadministered trihexyphenidyl (5-15 mg/day, at bedtime) for 15 days. Salivation was assessed by a single-item 5-point scale. A reduction of 44% in the reported nocturnal hypersalivation was observed after trihexyphenidyl treatment. These results indicate that at least some chronic schizophrenic patients with clozapine-induced nocturnal hypersalivation may benefit from anticholinergic treatment.
An FtsZ-Targeting Prodrug with Oral Antistaphylococcal Efficacy In Vivo (2013)

The bacterial cell division protein FtsZ represents a novel antibiotic target that has yet to be exploited clinically. The benzamide PC190723 was among the first FtsZ-targeting compounds to exhibit in vivo efficacy in a murine infection model system. Despite its initial promise, the poor formulation properties of the compound have limited its potential for clinical development. We describe here the development of an N-Mannich base derivative of PC190723 with enhanced drug-like properties and oral in vivo efficacy. The N-Mannich base derivative (TXY436) is ∼100-fold more soluble than PC190723 in an acidic aqueous vehicle (10 mM citrate, pH 2.6) suitable for oral in vivo administration. At physiological pH (7.4), TXY436 acts as a prodrug, converting to PC190723 with a conversion half-life of 18.2 ± 1.6 min. Pharmacokinetic analysis following intravenous administration of TXY436 into mice yielded elimination half-lives of 0.26 and 0.96 h for the TXY436 prodrug and its PC190723 product, respectively. In addition, TXY436 was found to be orally bioavailable and associated with significant extravascular distribution. Using a mouse model of systemic infection with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus or methicillin-resistant S. aureus, we show that TXY436 is efficacious in vivo upon oral administration. In contrast, the oral administration of PC190723 was not efficacious. Mammalian cytotoxicity studies of TXY436 using Vero cells revealed an absence of toxicity up to compound concentrations at least 64 times greater than those associated with antistaphylococcal activity. These collective properties make TXY436 a worthy candidate for further investigation as a clinically useful agent for the treatment of staphylococcal infections.
A Low-Delay Digital PWM Control Circuit for DC/DC onverters (2007)

This paper is descried about a proposed scheme of a low-cost digital pulse width modulation (DPWM) control circuit for non-isolated DC-DC converter without A/D converter. Also, real-time PID control technique for DPWM is described. Some experimental results are revealed the proposed circuit and scheme. The purpose of this research is striking a balance between minimizing cost increase by digitalizing of the control circuit of DC-DC converter and speeding up the control circuit.
Improved Dental Adhesive Formulations Based on Reactive Nanogel Additives (2011)

Current challenges in adhesive dentistry include over-hydrophilic bonding formulations, which facilitate water percolation through the hybrid layer and result in unreliable bonded interfaces. This study introduces nanogel-modified adhesives as a way to control the material's hydrophobic character without changing the basic monomer formulation (keeping water-chasing capacity and operatory techniques unaltered). Nanogel additives of varied hydrophobicity were synthesized in solution, rendering 10- to 100-nm-sized particles. A model BisGMA/HEMA solvated adhesive was prepared (control), to which reactive nanogels were added. The increase in adhesive viscosity did not impair solvent removal by air-thinning. The degree of conversion in the adhesive was similar between control and nanogel-modified materials, while the bulk dry and, particularly, the wet mechanical properties were significantly improved through nanogel-based network reinforcement and reduced water solubility. As preliminary validation of this approach, short-term micro-tensile bond strengths to acid-etched and primed dentin were significantly enhanced by nanogel inclusion in the adhesive resins.
Narrowband LTE-M System for M2M Communication (2014)

The Internet of Things will bring billions of devices that are inter-connected using cellular networks. LTE cellular systems are being deployed worldwide and will remain in place for the foreseeable future. However, LTE was designed for high data-rate broadband services. Even with M2M features being added in LTE Rel-12, it is not optimized for low data-rate and wide area M2M services such as smart meters, remote sensors, and consumer devices. In this paper, we present a design of a new narrowband M2M system built from existing LTE functionalities for Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) systems. Salient features of this new system include low-cost devices, high coverage, long device battery life, and high capacity. It can be deployed using minimum of one GSM channel and can also share spectrum with existing broadband LTE systems. Cost analysis shows significant reduction compared to LTE UEs. In addition, coverage analysis and capacity results are presented. Finally, coexistence with GSM is analyzed.
A STUDY OF LIQUID METAL ATOMIZATION USING CLOSE-COUPLED NOZZLES, PART 2: ATOMIZATION BEHAVIOR (2005)

In this article we examine the gas dynamic and atomization behavior of a convergent and a converging-diverging (c-d) close-coupled nozzle used to fabricate fine metal powders by gas atomization. Part 1 of this article characterized and compared the gas dynamic behavior of the two nozzles over a range of nozzle stagnation pressures. Part 2 focuses on the liquid metal atomization behavior of these nozzles. A high-speed Schlieren technique is used to visualize liquid metal breakup behavior simultaneously with the supersonic gas flow pattern in which it occurs. At all conditions examined, atomization is characterized by a coarse but "prompt" primary breakup stage followed by a more energetic secondary breakup stage that takes place over an extended distance from the nozzle tip. The reduction in particle size observed with increasing stagnation pressure is believed to be due in large part to the increase in the supersonic length of the gas jets that extend away from the nozzle tip because of enhanced secondary breakup. As expected, the c-d nozzle did not produce finer powder than the convergent nozzle at stagnation pressures where they produced similarly long gas-only supersonic jets. Overall the present experiments suggest that particle size refinement is influenced by the ratio of the velocity decay length scale and the secondary breakup length scale, a quantity that is physically related to the gas-to-liquid metal mass flux ratio. Because such length scales have not been previously considered, new opportunities may exist to significantly improve particle size control and energy efficiency in this costly powder manufacturing process.
Growth Rate of Escherichia coli at Elevated Temperatures: Reversible Inhibition of Homoserine Trans-Succinylase (1971)

The preceding paper (10) showed that the growth of Escherichia coli is slowed, without killing, at 40 to 45 C, and that in the several strains tested the cause is a decrease in the activity of homoserine trans-succinylase. These temperatures are now shown to inhibit the enzyme directly, in crude extracts and after partial purification. The effect is rapid and is immediately reversible, unlike the progressive and slowly reversible changes of conventional denaturation.
Primary and transitional progressive MS (1999)

The monitoring of disease progression in PPMS is difficult, although measures of atrophy correlate with the EDSS and appear most promising. This study increases our understanding of this unique patient group, which will be further expanded with the acquisition of serial data.
Impact of Margins Evolution Along Ageing in Elastic Optical Networks (2019)

We compare the cost efficiency of optical networks based on elastic transponders when accounting for network ageing that impacts link margins. Network design of Germany50, France43, and India71 WDM backbone networks is simulated for providing results during a ten-year period, given different throughputs, traffic growth rates and cost erosions of elastic optical transponders. We also investigate the distribution of the ageing margins and modulation schemes that might be changed during the life of the network, before its end-of-life. We evaluate the potential benefits of finer granularity rate-adaptive transponders to better progressively fit ageing of the margin in wavelength division multiplexing networks. The underlying technology and cost savings are presented for the three aforementioned network core topologies.
The alternative splicing repressors hnRNP A1/A2 and PTB influence pyruvate kinase isoform expression and cell metabolism (2010)

Cancer cells preferentially metabolize glucose by aerobic glycolysis, characterized by increased lactate production. This distinctive metabolism involves expression of the embryonic M2 isozyme of pyruvate kinase, in contrast to the M1 isozyme normally expressed in differentiated cells, and it confers a proliferative advantage to tumor cells. The M1 and M2 pyruvate-kinase isozymes are expressed from a single gene through alternative splicing of a pair of mutually exclusive exons. We measured the expression of M1 and M2 mRNA and protein isoforms in mouse tissues, tumor cell lines, and during terminal differentiation of muscle cells, and show that alternative splicing regulation is sufficient to account for the levels of expressed protein isoforms. We further show that the M1-specific exon is actively repressed in cancer-cell lines--although some M1 mRNA is expressed in cell lines derived from brain tumors--and demonstrate that the related splicing repressors hnRNP A1 and A2, as well as the polypyrimidine-tract-binding protein PTB, contribute to this control. Downregulation of these splicing repressors in cancer-cell lines using shRNAs rescues M1 isoform expression and decreases the extent of lactate production. These findings extend the links between alternative splicing and cancer, and begin to define some of the factors responsible for the switch to aerobic glycolysis.
A Clonal Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli O121:H19 Population Exhibits Diverse Carbon Utilization Patterns (2019)

Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) serotype O121:H19 is one of the major non-O157:H7 serotypes associated with severe human disease. Here we examined population structure, virulence potential, and metabolic profile of environmental STEC O121 strains recovered from a major produce production region in California and performed comparative analyses with STEC O121 clinical isolates. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that sequence type (ST)-655, a common ST in clinical strains, was the predominant genotype among the environmental strains. Phylotyping placed all STEC O121 strains in B1 group, a lineage containing other major non-O157 serogroups of STEC. Genes encoding different subtypes of Shiga toxin 1 and 2 were detected in O121, including <i>stx</i><sub>1a</sub>, <i>stx</i><sub>1d</sub>, <i>stx</i><sub>2a</sub>, and <i>stx</i><sub>2e</sub>. Furthermore, genes encoding intimin (<i>eae</i>) and enterohemolysin (<i>ehxA</i>) were detected in a majority of environmental strains (83.3%), suggesting that the majority of environmental STEC O121 strains are enterohemorrhagic <i>E. coli</i>. The STEC O121 strains with the same genotype were clustered together based on the carbon utilization pattern. Among the 122 carbon substrates that supported the growth of STEC O121 strains, 44 and 35 exhibited lineage (ST) and strain-specific metabolic profiles, respectively. Although clinical ST-655 strains displayed higher metabolic activity than environmental ST-655 strains for several carbon substrates, including l-alaninamide, 5-keto-d-gluconic acid, 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-d-arabinose, α-ketoglutaric acid, and lactulose, a few environmental strains with the enhanced metabolic potential for the above substrates were detected. Variations in curli biogenesis and swimming motility were also observed in ST-655 strains, suggesting that phenotypic variants are widespread in STEC. Considering the ecological niches that STEC colonizes, increased metabolic potential for plant-derived carbohydrates, mucus-derived substrates, or secondary metabolites produced by the indigenous microorganisms might have been selected. Such traits would confer STEC competitive advantages and facilitate survival and adaptation of STEC population to a given niche, including infected humans.
Overset Grid Applications in Hypersonic Flow Using the DPLR Flow Solver (2008)

This paper describes the addition of an overset grid capability to the DPLR flow solver for hypersonic flow in thermochemical nonequilibrium. Modifications to the preexisting flow solver were simplified through the use of DiRTlib, a “solver neutral” library of overset utilities. The new capability is demonstrated on a series of examples, including the Orion Crew Module and other reentry vehicles. For the overset grids used in these examples, the hole cutting and interpolation stencils were determined using SUGGAR, a generalized grid assembly code that can naturally accommodate both the three-dimensional and true two-dimensional cell-centered discretization schemes in DPLR. First a series of building-block examples are presented which highlight aspects of the new capability and assess the technique with comparisons to baseline, block-structured discretizations. The new capability is then exercised for the specific case of a tension tie geometry protruding from the Orion heatshield at both wind tunnel and flight conditions. The addition of overset capability to the DPLR flow solver is seen to be an essential feature for analyzing increasingly complex geometries in thermochemical nonequilibrium.
Procedimiento de preparación de la forma metalosilicato de materiales tipo-MWW utilizando materiales deslaminados como precursores y su uso (2013)

La presente invención se refiere a un proceso de síntesis de la forma metalosilicato de materiales tipo-MWW que comprende, al menos, los siguientes pasos:&#13;\n&#13;\ni) Preparación del precursor MWW pura sílice calentando una mezcla que comprende, al menos, un compuesto orgánico que actúa como agente director de estructura orgánico (ADEO), al menos una fuente de silicio y agua, entre otros compuestos que puedan ser necesarios (como por ejemplo aniones fluoruro); seguido de la recuperación del sólido cristalino resultante.&#13;\n&#13;\nii) Tratamiento del sólido obtenido en i) con al menos una molécula orgánica capaz de expandir las láminas zeolíticas, seguida de un proceso de deslaminación y posterior eliminación de la materia orgánica.&#13;\n&#13;\niii) Preparación del metalosilicato tipo-MWW calentando el precursor deslaminado pura sílice obtenido en el paso ii) junto con al menos una fuente del metal (M), agua, y al menos una molécula orgánica (agente director de estructura orgánico, ADEO) utilizada normalmente en la preparación típica de materiales MWW.&#13;\n&#13;\nDonde M está seleccionado entre, al menos, un elemento de los grupos 3 a 14 del periodo 4 o más de la tabla periódica.&#13;\n&#13;\niv) Recuperación del material obtenido en iii), y posterior eliminación de la materia orgánica recluida.
Engineering a Metal–Organic Framework Catalyst by Using Postsynthetic Modification (2009)

MOF+PSM=Cat: A highly porous metal–organic framework (MOF) is metalated and transformed into an active, robust, reusable catalyst (Cat.) using postsynthetic modification (PSM).
Characterization of erythrocyte aggregation with ultrasound (1999)

Ultrasound is a sound wave with frequencies above the audible range. When an acoustic wave propagates through an inhomogeneous media such as biological tissues, it is diverted by reflection and refraction from tissue interfaces, by scattering if the size of the interfering particles is much smaller than the ultrasound wavelength (λ), or absorbed by the medium and converted into heat. Scattering of ultrasound by blood is almost entirely due to the erythrocytes because they are much more numerous than the slightly larger leukocytes, and significantly larger and more numerous than platelets. With most clinical instruments, the frequency of the acoustic waves is in a range of 2 to 30 MHz. The wavelengths corresponding to these frequencies are smaller than the size of a red blood cell (RBC). When an incident ultrasound beam is scattered by RBCs, the scattered power can be measured at any scattering angle between 0 and 360◦ [10]. Scattering measurements are made with one transducer for backscattering at 180◦ or by two transducers for other angular measurements [11].
Manufacturing of ADC12-A1050 Functionally Graded Porous Aluminum by Friction Stir Processing Route (2011)

Porous aluminum is a multifunctional material with lightweight and high energy absorption properties. In this study, using ADC12 aluminum alloy (Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy) die castings and A1050 aluminum (pure aluminum), functionally graded porous aluminum was fabricated by friction stir processing (FSP) route precursor method. First, ADC12 and A1050 precursors were fabricated separately by FSP route. Next, these precursors were bonded by friction stir welding (FSW) and an ADC12-A1050 precursor was fabricated. Finally, the precursor was foamed and ADC12-A1050 functionally graded porous aluminum with a porosity of about 70% was successfully fabricated at a holding temperature of 1003 K and at a holding time of 8 min. It was shown that, by EPMA observation, the quantity of Si atoms was gradually changing at the bonding region and seamless functionally graded porous aluminum can be fabricated by FSP route.