gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rotator cuff tears: diagnostic performance of MR imaging. (1989)

To determine the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the evaluation of suspected rotator cuff tears, eight asymptomatic volunteers and 32 patients with rotator cuff tendonopathy who underwent surgery were examined with MR imaging. Twenty-four of these patients also underwent contrast arthrography. The ability of MR imaging to depict the size of cuff tears and the quality of torn tendon edges was also evaluated. The MR imaging and arthrographic studies were reviewed without knowledge of surgical results or of the other studies. A scoring system was developed and a score assigned to each patient's MR study. The sensitivity of MR imaging for all tears (partial and full thickness) was 0.91, and the specificity was 0.88; whereas the sensitivity and specificity of arthrography were each 0.71. The scoring system improved the sensitivity to 1.0 and the specificity to 0.92. Linear regression analysis showed excellent correlation between preoperative assessment of the size of rotator cuff tears and measurement at surgery (r = .95).
Fundamental Investigations of the Mechanism of Laser Desorption and Ionization in Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption / Ionization (1994)

The recent development of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption / Ionization (MALDI) has sparked a revolution in the field of high molecular weight mass spectrometry. 1 Time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectra of proteins weighing up to 300,000 Da are now routinely produced and this achievement has fostered a variety of bioanalytical applications which were previously unapproachable using conventional mass spectrometric techniques. These successful applications have burgeoned in spite of a poor understanding of the mechanism of analyte desorption and ionization under MALDI conditions. An improved understanding of the MALDI mechanism should aid in overcoming a number of limitations of the current state-of-the-art and forms the motivation for the work described.
Hospital-based Survey on Knowledge and Attitude toward Colorectal Cancer Screening among Indonesian Population (2009)

Background: Several western countries have recommended colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, however the yield of CRC screening is still low. The acceptability of CRC screening is influenced by people’s knowledge and attitude. This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of Indonesian people toward CRC screening. Method: Adult Indonesian population aged 19–65 years was recruited in this hospital-based survey. Knowledge and attitude toward CRC screening were assessed by using structured questionnaires consisting of nine chapters. Result: There were 614 respondents recruited in this study. Most respondents (36.2%) incorrectly pointed out abdominal pain or pain around anus as the symptom of bowel cancer. Regarding CRC risk factors, eating fruits or vegetables rarely was the most frequent answer (28.5%) encountered. Only one-third (28%) of respondents mentioned colonoscopy as the Method for CRC screening. There were 38.1% of respondents who believed that CRC screening test might be harmful to the body. Up to 70.8% of the respondents agreed and strongly agreed that CRC screening test might cause physical discomfort. Two fifth (41.5%) of respondents believed that CRC screening test was embarrassing. More than half (58.8%) of respondents were afraid of having the CRC screening test. The test was too expensive according to 79.5% of respondents. Conclusion: The knowledge on CRC symptoms, risk factors, and screening tests is still low among Indonesian population. Our study result indicates that the lack of knowledge and the discouraging attitude among Indonesian population will be the major barriers to implement CRC screening in Indonesia. Keywords : colorectal cancer, screening, knowledge, attitude
Membranverbindende Strukturen an der Kernhiille (1973)

Electron-opaque material is shown in the perinuclear cisternae of various cell types to connect the inner and outer nuclear membrane faces. Similar bridges were observed between the outer nuclear membrane and the outer mitochondrial membrane. The intracisternal bridges of the nuclear envelope appear to be important for the structural stability of the perinuclear cisterna. Stable structural linkage of mitochondria to the outer nuclear membrane might be relevant to the understanding of the characteristic juxtanuclear accumulation of mitochondria and also provide arguments for the discussions of certain biochemical activities found in nuclear and nuclear membrane fractions.
The Oxford Handbook of Modality and Mood (2014)

This handbook offers an in depth and comprehensive state of the art survey of the linguistic domains of modality and mood and examines the full range of methodological and theoretical approaches to the phenomena involved. Following an opening section that provides an introduction and historical background to the topic, the volume is divided into five parts. Parts 1 and 2 present the basic linguistic facts about the systems of modality and mood in the languages of the world, covering the semantics and the expression of different subtypes of modality and mood respectively. The authors also examine the interaction of modality and mood, mutually and with other semantic categories such as aspect, time, negation, and evidentiality. In Part 3, authors discuss the features of the modality and mood systems in five typologically different language groups, while chapters in Part 4 deal with wider perspectives on modality and mood: diachrony, areality, first language acquisition, and sign language. Finally, Part 5 looks at how modality and mood are handled in different theoretical approaches: formal syntax, functional linguistics, cognitive linguistics and construction grammar, and formal semantics.
Printed array of thin-dielectric metal-oxide-metal (MOM) tunneling diodes (2011)

A large area array of metal-oxide-metal (MOM) tunneling diodes with an ultrathin dielectric (∼3.6 nm aluminum oxide) have been fabricated via a transfer-printing process. The MOM diodes exhibit an excellent tunneling behavior that is suitable for rectifying high-frequency ac current into direct current (dc). Direct tunneling and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling have been observed over eight orders of magnitude in current density. The ratio between forward and reverse current is as large as two orders of magnitude. Simulations have been carried out to extract the static device parameters and have confirmed the existence of a dipole layer at the aluminum/aluminum oxide interface of the printed tunneling diodes. Capacitance measurements have shown that the permittivity of the ultrathin aluminum oxide film is smaller than that of bulk aluminum oxide. The mechanical yield of the transfer-printing process is better than 80%, confirming that transfer printing is a promising candidate for the efficient fabrication of quantum devices over large areas.
Investigation of the Performance Improvement of Silicon Electrodes Cycled with Electrolyte Containing FEC or VC (2014)

Silicon is one of the most promising candidates for an anode material in LIBs due to the high theoretical capacity, 3580 mAh/g. This theoretical capacity is ~10 times that of commercial graphite (372 mAh/g) currently used in lithium ion batteries. However the silicon electrodes have a very large volume expansion (300–400%) during lithiation resulting in instability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and poor capacity retention. The two most frequently utilized SEI stabilizing additives are vinylene carbonate (VC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). A systematic comparison of the effects of added FEC or VC at multiple concentrations is being conducted with uniform silicon nano-particle electrodes. Capacity retention of Li/silicon nano-particle cells with different concentrations of VC and FEC in 1.2 M LiPF 6 in 1:1 EC/DEC have been investigated. The capacity fades very rapidly for the baseline electrolyte. Incorporation of FEC at any of the concentrations investigated (5, 10, 15, or 25 %) results in significant improvements in capacity retention. Interestingly, intermediate concentrations of FEC 10-15 % give the best capacity retention suggesting that lower concentrations do not generate a sufficiently stable SEI while higher concentrations may results in increased cell resistance. Cells containing added VC do not have significantly better performance than the cells containing the baseline electrolyte. Incorporation of 3 % VC results in cells with very similar capacity fade to the baseline electrolyte, while cells containing 6 % VC have an odd intermittent behavior which may be due to high cell impedance as evidenced by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The cycling efficiencies correlate very well with the capacity retention. Cells containing 10-15 % FEC have the best efficiencies (~99 % for cycles 10-50), while cells containing the baseline electrolyte or electrolyte with added VC have lower efficiencies (&lt;98 % for cycles 10-50). Ex-situ surface analysis of the electrodes after cycling via a combination of SEM, XPS and FT-IR will be reported. Structural characterization of the SEI will lead to a better understanding of the source of performance enhancement due to the incorporation of added FEC. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Subcontract No 6879235 under the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program.
Radar walk detection in the apartments of elderly (2012)

Seniors want to live more independent lifestyles. This comes with some risks including dwindling health and major injuries due to falling. A factor that has been studied and seen to have a correlation to fall risk is change in gait speed. Our goal is to create a passive system that monitors the gait of elderly so that assessments can be given by caregivers if gait changes do occur. This paper will cover a method of using pulse-Doppler radar to detect when walks occur. In unscripted living environments, we are able to detect valid walks. The system does miss walks during the day, but when walks are detected, they are actually valid walks 91.8% of the time using a large data base of radar signals captured in living environments.
Characterization of an Antibacterial Agent Targeting Ferrous Iron Transport Protein FeoB against Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-Positive Bacteria (2020)

The emergence of multidrug-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strains has become a serious clinical problem. Iron is absolutely required for the bacterial growth, virulence associated with colonization, and survival from the host immune system. The FeoB protein is a major iron permease in bacterial ferrous iron transport systems (Feo) that has been shown to play a crucial role in virulence of some pathogenic bacteria. However, FeoB is still uncharacterized in Gram-positive pathogens, and its effects on <i>S. aureus</i> pathogenesis are unknown. In this study, we identified a novel inhibitor, GW3965·HCl, that targets FeoB in <i>S. aureus</i>. The molecule effectively inhibited FeoB <i>in vitro</i> enzyme activity, bacterial growth, and virulence factor expression. Genome-editing and metabolomic analyses revealed that GW3965·HCl inhibited FeoB function and affected the associated mechanisms with reduced iron availability in <i>S. aureus</i>. Gentamicin resistance and <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> infection assays further demonstrated the power of GW3965·HCl as a safe and efficient antibacterial agent. In addition to <i>S. aureus</i>, GW3965·HCl also presented its effectiveness on inhibition of the FeoB activity and growth of Gram-positive bacteria. This novel inhibitor will provide new insight for developing a next-generation antibacterial therapy.
Role of Interleukin-5 and Eosinophils in Allergen-Induced Airway Remodeling in Mice (2004)

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by variable bronchial obstruction, hyperresponsiveness, and by tissue damage known as airway remodeling. In the present study we demonstrate that interleukin (IL)-5 plays an obligatory role in the airway remodeling observed in experimental asthma. BALB/c mice sensitized by intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin and exposed daily to aerosol of ovalbumin for up to 3 wk, develop eosinophilic infiltration of the bronchi and subepithelial and peribronchial fibrosis. The lesions are associated with increased amounts of hydroxyproline in the lungs and elevated levels of eosinophils and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. After 1 wk of allergen challenge, TGF-beta is mainly produced by eosinophils accumulated in the peribronchial and perivascular lesions. At a later stage of the disease, the main source of TGF-beta is myofibroblasts, identified by alpha-smooth muscle actin mAb. We show that all these lesions, including fibrosis, are abolished in sensitized and allergen-exposed IL-5 receptor-null mice, whereas they are markedly accentuated in IL-5 transgenic animals. More importantly, treatment of wild-type mice with neutralizing anti-IL-5 antibody, administered before each allergen challenge, almost completely prevented subepithelial and peribronchial fibrosis. These findings demonstrated that eosinophils are involved in allergen-induced subepithelial and peribronchial fibrosis probably by producing a fibrogenic factor, TGF-beta1.
Utilization of intraoperative confocal laser endomicroscopy in brain tumor surgery (2018)

Precise identification of tumor margins is of the utmost importance in neuro-oncology. Confocal microscopy is capable of rapid imaging of fresh tissues at cellular resolution and has been miniaturized into handheld probe-based systems suitable for use in the operating room. We aimed to perform a literature review to provide an update on the current status of confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) technology for brain tumor surgery. Aside from benchtop confocal microscopes used in ex vivo fashion, there are four CLE systems that have been investigated for potential application in the workflow of brain tumor surgery. Preclinical studies on animal tumor models and clinical studies on human brain tumors have assessed in vivo and ex vivo imaging approaches, suggesting that confocal microscopy holds promise for rapid identification of the characteristic (diagnostic) histological features of tumor and normal brain tissues. However, there are few studies assessing diagnostic accuracy sufficient to provide a definitive determination of the clinical and economical value of CLE in brain tumor surgery. Intraoperative real-time, high-resolution tissue imaging has significant clinical potential in the field of neuro-oncology. CLE is an emerging imaging technology that shows promise for improving brain tumor surgery workflow in in vivo and ex vivo studies. Future clinical studies are necessary to demonstrate clinical and economic benefit of CLE.
Thick free‐standing electrode based on carbon–carbon nitride microspheres with large mesopores for high‐energy‐density lithium–sulfur batteries (2021)

Abstract The development of sulfur cathodes with high areal capacity and high energy density is crucial for the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). LSBs can be built by employing (ultra) high‐loading sulfur cathodes, which have rarely been realized due to massive passivation and shuttling. Herein, microspheres of a carbon–carbon nitride composite (C@CN) with large mesopores are fabricated via molecular cooperative assembly. Using the C@CN‐based electrodes, the effects of the large mesopores and N‐functional groups on the electrochemical behavior of sulfur in LSB cells are thoroughly investigated under ultrahigh sulfur‐loading conditions (&gt;15 mg S cm −2 ). Furthermore, for high‐energy‐density LSBs, the C@CN powders are pelletized into a thick free‐standing electrode (thickness: 500 μm; diameter: 11 mm) via a simple briquette process; here, the total amount of energy stored by the LSB cells is 39 mWh, corresponding to a volumetric energy density of 440 Wh L −1 with an areal capacity of 24.9 and 17.5 mAh cm −2 at 0.47 and 4.7 mA cm −2 , respectively (at 24 mg S cm −2 ). These results have significantly surpassed most recent records due to the synergy among the large mesopores, (poly)sulfide‐philic surfaces, and thick electrodes. The developed strategy with its potential for scale‐up successfully fills the gap between laboratory‐scale cells and practical cells without sacrificing the high areal capacity and high energy density, providing a solid foundation for the development of practical LSBs.
Stability Diagram of the Fabry-Perot Resonators (2006)

The stability diagram of the Fabry-Perot resonator composed of two spherical mirrors is calculated by the Kirchhoff diffraction integral equation. We have derived the proper equation from the integral and diagonalized it. It has also been calculated the dependence of the stability diagram on the Fresnel number.
Uncertainty analysis of NDA waste measurements using computer simulations (2000)

Uncertainty assessments for nondestructive radioassay (NDA) systems for nuclear waste are complicated by factors extraneous to the measurement systems themselves. Most notably, characteristics of the waste matrix (e.g., homogeneity) and radioactive source material (e.g., particle size distribution) can have great effects on measured mass values. Under these circumstances, characterizing the waste population is as important as understanding the measurement system in obtaining realistic uncertainty values. When extraneous waste characteristics affect measurement results, the uncertainty results are waste-type specific. The goal becomes to assess the expected bias and precision for the measurement of a randomly selected item from the waste population of interest. Standard propagation-of-errors methods for uncertainty analysis can be very difficult to implement in the presence of significant extraneous effects on the measurement system. An alternative approach that naturally includes the extraneous effects is as follows: (1) Draw a random sample of items from the population of interest; (2) Measure the items using the NDA system of interest; (3) Establish the true quantity being measured using a gold standard technique; and (4) Estimate bias by deriving a statistical regression model comparing the measurements on the system of interest to the gold standard values; similar regression techniques for modeling themore » standard deviation of the difference values gives the estimated precision. Actual implementation of this method is often impractical. For example, a true gold standard confirmation measurement may not exist. A more tractable implementation is obtained by developing numerical models for both the waste material and the measurement system. A random sample of simulated waste containers generated by the waste population model serves as input to the measurement system model. This approach has been developed and successfully applied to assessing the quantity of plutonium in a variety of waste types contained in 208-{ell} drums measured by the passive active neutron (PAN) radioassay system at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Computer simulation of the PAN system performance uses the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) code to produce a neutron transport calculation for a simulated waste drum. A followup program was written to combine the MCNP output with other parameters generated by the modeling process to yield simulated measured plutonium mass values. The accuracy of the simulations is verified using surrogate waste drums with known contents.« less
Multi-directional implicit weighted prediction based on image characteristics of reference pictures for inter coding (2012)

Weighted prediction (WP) in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) is an efficient motion compensation technique to predict illumination variation and consists of two modes: an explicit WP (EWP) and an implicit WP (IWP). Since in IWP, only weighting factors are implicitly derived from reference pictures used for bi-prediction, and the offsets are always set to 0, there are issues in that IWP cannot utilize the optimal WP parameters, and cannot be applied to uni-prediction. In order to overcome these issues, this paper presents a novel decoding process to derive WP parameters implicitly by using the Multi-Directional Implicit Weighted Prediction (MD-IWP) method. WP parameters are derived using the image characteristics of reference pictures. By linearly predicting the image characteristics of the target picture using different reference pictures stored in the decoded picture buffer, WP parameters of uni-prediction can also be derived. This method can achieve 15% to 50% bitrate reduction compared to the conventional IWP method. This gain is almost the same or better than in the case of EWP with the simple 1-pass parameter estimation method.
Performance comparison of two sequential change detection algorithms on detection of in-band wormholes (2009)

This paper compares the performance of parametric and non-parametric sequential change detection algorithms for detecting in-band wormholes in wireless ad hoc networks. The algorithms considered are the non-parametric cumulative sum (NP-CUSUM) and the repeated sequential probability ratio test (R-SPRT). Theoretical performance of the two is compared using metrics that take into account the algorithms' repeated nature, and the advantage of the parametric method is illustrated. On the other hand, connections between the parametric and non-parametric methods are made in the proposed worst case adversary model, where the non-parametric method is shown to be more robust to attack strategy changes. Experimental evaluation of wormhole detection schemes based on the two algorithms is presented. This work has implications for both the theoretical understanding and practical design of wormhole detection schemes based on parametric and nonparametric change detection algorithms.
The “truth of alētheia” and language (2011)

Philosophy is the search for truth. Heidegger claimed that essentially there are two main approaches to truth. The traditional one, which has existed at least since Plato, claims that the truth can be defined in terms of specific criteria for assessing true or false propositions. In contrast, Heidegger investigates the meaning or essence of truth that exists independently of, and prior to, any criteria. “Truth”, in his sense of the word, is no mere presentation of static facts, but the experience of a process of disclosure that is alive and happening in each moment. For Heidegger such “truth” is the essential foundation of all knowledge.
An Approach for Downlink VoIP Capacity Estimation in OFDM-Based FDD Networks (2008)

The paper presents a methodology for estimating downlink VoIP capacity in OFDM-based FDD networks that do or do not allow for adaptive transmit power. The underlying idea is to formulate an optimization problem for a user snapshot and utilize the developed system model to enable statistical capacity estimation by adopting the results of the central limit theorem. The approach is applied to numerically study VoIP capacity in networks with LTE-like parameter settings and various inter- site distances, frequency reuse of one and three, and SISO and MIMO antennas. The study demonstrates that adjustable transmit power in downlink may improve VoIP capacity by up to 30% in interference-limited environments. In networks with frequency reuse of three and MIMO antennas, however, the effect may be lower unless a larger bandwidth is available. The paper also addresses a trade-off between the cell coverage degree and capacity by showing a marginal coverage cost in terms of VoIP capacity.