gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementing cubic-phase HfO<inf>2</inf> with &#x03BA;-value &#x223C; 30 in low-V<inf>T</inf> replacement gate pMOS devices for improved EOT-Scaling and reliability (2012)

Higher κ-value HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (κ~30) was evaluated in replacement metal gate pMOS devices. The higher-κ was achieved by doping and anneal of the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> causing crystallization into the cubic phase. The resulting gate-stack has up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> × lower gate-leakage current compared to a reference HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> : J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> at -1 V ~ 2 μA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at EOT~9.7 Å. The better J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> - EOT-scaling, result in performance and reliability improvements when normalized to the J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> .
Next generation CIGS for solar cells (1997)

An overview is presented of the PV-ACIST project. The goal of this project is to demonstrate proof-of-concept of next generation CuIn1−xGax(SySe1−y)2 (CIGS)-based solar cells. The first phase of the project began with a theoretical analysis of the potential of tandem-junction devices. This analysis showed that efficiencies could exceed 25% based constituent junctions comparable to the best achieved in single CIGS junctions. Subsequent efforts have focused on development and characterization of the materials and processes necessary to achieve the wide-gap device portion of the tandem structure and on modeling of device results based on both wide and narrow gap materials. Results to date have included demonstration of wide gap devices, characterization of the diffusivity of Ga in CIGS under various process conditions, characterization and modeling of the conduction properties of ideal CIGS, and model results explaining the “red kink” effect in certain high-performance CIGS solar cells.
High Current Lanthanum Hexaboride Hollow Cathode for 20-to-100 kW Class Hall Thrusters (2012)

NASA is continuing to develop high power Hall thrusters in the range of 20 to 100 kW for future cargo and manned-missions. The cathodes for these thrusters will be required to produce discharge currents in the 50 to likely over 300 A range with lifetimes in excess of 10 khrs. A prototype high current hollow cathode with a 2-cm-dia lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ) insert was previously developed for these applications. The original design featured a graphite cathode tube to interface with the LaB 6 insert and an Al 2 O 3 insulated sheath heater capable of heating the higher temperature emitter to ignition temperatures. A new version of this cathode has been designed and built that uses a refractory metal cathode tube and features a robust design similar to the small LaB 6 cathode used for the H6 Hall thruster. The cathode has been successfully tested at steady-state discharge currents from 25 A to 300 A. This cathode is intended to be used in the X3/80 80-kW Nested Hall thruster being built at the University of Michigan at discharge currents over 250 A.
A Si/Glass Bulk-Micromachined Cryogenic Heat Exchanger for High Heat Loads: Fabrication, Test, and Application Results (2009)

This paper reports on a micromachined Si/glass stack recuperative heat exchanger with in situ temperature sensors. Numerous high-conductivity silicon plates with integrated platinum resistance temperature detectors (Pt RTDs) are stacked, alternating with low-conductivity Pyrex spacers. The device has a 1 x 1-cm(2) footprint and a length of up to 3.5 cm. It is intended for use in Joule-Thomson (J-T) coolers and can sustain pressure exceeding 1 MPa. Tests at cold-end inlet temperatures of 237 K-252 K show that the heat exchanger effectiveness is 0.9 with 0.039-g/s helium mass flow rate. The integrated Pt RTDs present a linear response of 0.26%-0.30%/K over an operational range of 205 K-296 K but remain usable at lower temperatures. In self-cooling tests with ethane as the working fluid, a J-T system with the heat exchanger drops 76.1 K below the inlet temperature, achieving 218.7 K for a pressure of 835.8 kPa. The system reaches 200 K in transient state; further cooling is limited by impurities that freeze within the flow stream. In J-T self-cooling tests with an external heat load, the system reaches 239 K while providing 1 W of cooling. In all cases, there is an additional parasitic heat load estimated at 300-500 mW.
Efficient Synthesis of γ-Oxo- and γ-Hydroxy-α-amino Acids (1998)

ternary iminium salts - aminoalkylation - diastereoselective reduction - γ-oxo-α-amino acids - γ-hydroxy-α-amino acids
From segmental glomerulosclerosis to total nephron degeneration and interstitial fibrosis: a histopathological study in rat models and human glomerulopathies (1998)

The present study suggests that severely injured glomeruli may continue to filter with the filtrate spreading along interstitial routes. Fluid added locally to the interstitium from such 'extraterritorial' glomerular capillaries probably is quite different in quantity and composition compared to that from interstitial capillaries. We propose that this kind of abnormal addition of fluid to the interstitium is the essential mechanism accounting for interstitial progression of the disease. Similar histopathological phenomena in human kidneys with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis suggest that the pathogenetic pathways defined in the rat models operate in human disease as well.
Dual-control-gate floating gate transistor: a building block for circuit design (2011)

A new circuit concept based on the use of a single floating gate transistor with a dual-control gate is presented. This device which is derived from a Flash memory cell, offers many possibilities for circuit design through two operating modes in straightforward manner: (i) the threshold voltage adjustable mode, where the dual-control-gate floating-gate transistor (DCG-FGT) behaves like a MOS transistor with an electrically adjustable threshold voltage, or (ii) a mixer signal mode where the DCG-FGT can mix two independent signals.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of macitentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, in an ascending multiple‐dose study in healthy subjects (2013)

This multiple-ascending-dose study investigated safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics, of macitentan, a new endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) with sustained receptor binding and enhanced tissue penetration properties compared to other ERAs. Healthy male subjects (n = 32) received once daily oral doses of macitentan (1 - 30 mg) or placebo for 10 days. Administration of macitentan was safe and well tolerated. Macitentan had no effect on bile salts, suggesting an improved liver safety profile. The multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of macitentan were dose-proportional and were characterized by a median tmax and apparent elimination half-life varying from 6.0 to 8.5 and 14.3 to 18.5 hours, respectively, for the different doses and minimal accumulation. ACT-132577, a metabolite with lower potency than macitentan, had a half-life of about 48 hours and accumulated approximately 8.5-fold. Compared to placebo, administration of macitentan caused a dose-dependent increase in plasma ET-1 with maximum effects attained at 10 mg. A small dose-dependent increase in the 6β-hydroxycortisol/cortisol urinary excretion ratio was observed, although there were no statistically significant differences between treatments including placebo. Effects of macitentan on cytochrome P450 enzyme 3A4 should be further evaluated in dedicated studies. The present results support investigation of macitentan in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension and ET-1-dependent pathologies.
Abstract #5236: Lenalidomide affects F-Actin cytoskeleton in mantle cell lymphoma cells in vitro (2009)

Lenalidomide is an anticancer drug approved in the US and Europe in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma in patients who have received \#8805;1 prior therapy. Lenalidomide has shown promising clinical activity in various B-cell lymphomas. Actin filaments (F-actin) play important roles in biological functions, e.g. cell cycle progression, cell signaling, cell-to-cell contact, intracellular transport and cell motility. F-actin are dynamic structures that undergo rapid cycles of polymerization and depolymerization controlled by associated proteins regulated by intra- and extracellular cues. Key upstream regulators of the F-actin cytoskeleton include the Rho family guanosine-59-triphosphatases (GTPases). Downstream of Rho GTPases are the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins, essential for Rho- and Rac-induced cytoskeletal effects. ERMs act as cross-linkers between integral plasma membrane proteins and F-actin, and control polarity and cell shape. To understand the F-actin cytoskeleton effects of lenalidomide in lymphoma we treated two mantle cell lymphoma cell lines, Jeko-1 and Mino, with 1 \#956;M lenalidomide. A Cellomics high-content screening platform was used to quantify changes in cytoskeletal structure and cellular morphology using fluorescence probes. Lenalidomide induced actin polymerization and polarization within minutes, independently of other stimuli. Lenalidomide increased the amounts of F-actin and caused cytoskeleton rearrangement primarily manifested as re-localization of F-actin to a polarized region of the plasma membrane 15 minutes post-treatment. Pre-treatment with GTPase inhibitors prevented this effect on F-actin, indicating that Rho and Rac GTPases activities are required for lenalidomide effects on F-actin. The localization of the ERM protein Moesin was also monitored. Lenalidomide induced the co-localization of Moesin protein to the sites of F-actin accumulation which also depended on Rho GTPase. We also studied the effect of lenalidomide on the cytoskeleton dynamics of immune cells isolated from PBMCs: Lenalidomide had similar effects increasing F-actin polymerization and inducing polarization within minutes. Recently, lenalidomide has been shown to improve immune function against tumor cells by repairing F-actin polymerization and increasing immune synapse in clinical samples from CLL patients (Ramsay et al., 2008). Similarly, lenalidomide enhanced the number of \#947;\#948; T-MCL immune synapses and the lytic activity of \#947;\#948; T cells against the tumor cells.We propose that the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics constitutes a key mechanism of lenalidomide action on tumor and immune cells and the participation of Rho GTPases in this process may be considered one of the earliest effects of lenalidomide in these cells. The implications of these findings for the efficacy of lenalidomide in patients are currently under investigation in our laboratory. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 5236.
Synthesis of J-111,347, a Novel 1.BETA.-Methylcarbapenem with Broad-spectrum Antibacterial Activity. (2000)

Synthesis of J-111,347 (1), a new 1 beta-methylcarbapenem with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity including that against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was achieved via diastereoselective preparation of a side-chain thiol 3 from an optically active (R)-3,4-dihydroxybutanal 4.
Ks0Ks0 correlations in pp collisions at s=7 TeV from the LHC ALICE experiment (2012)

Identical neutral kaon pair correlations are measured in s = 7 TeV pp collisions in the ALICE experiment. One-dimensional K 0 s K 0 s correlation functions in terms of the invariant momentum difference of kaon pairs are formed in two multiplicity and two transverse momentum ranges. The femtoscopic parameters for the radius and correlation strength of the kaon source are extracted. The fit includes quantum statistics and final-state interactions of the a 0 /f 0 resonance. K 0 s K 0 s correlations show an increase in radius for increasing multiplicity and a slight decrease in radius for increasing transverse mass, m T , as seen in correlations in pp collisions and in heavy-ion collisions. Transverse mass scaling is observed between the K 0 s K 0 s and radii. Also, the first observation is made of the decay of the f 2 (1525) meson into the K 0 s K 0 s channel in pp collisions.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Tasquinimod Modulates Suppressive Myeloid Cells and Enhances Cancer Immunotherapies in Murine Models (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends from Tasquinimod Modulates Suppressive Myeloid Cells and Enhances Cancer Immunotherapies in Murine Models
Data From Automated Plankton Image Analysis Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

Datasets and code from Luo et al., "Automated plankton image analysis using convolutional neural networks." Limnology and Oceanography Methods. Data include: 1) 42,564 item training library, sorted in 108 classes, 2) 42,548 item test set for filtering thresholds, sorted into 38 groups. These images are independent from the training library, and are used for setting the thresholds for post-classification filtering.<br> CSV file: Luo_etal_FT_images_pred.csv contains the image name, predicted class, predicted probability, and validated group. Note that the file class_to_group.csv is needed to match up the class names to the group names. 3) 75,000 item fully random, validated set for confusion matrix calculations, sorted into 38 groups. This set is a representation of the full dataset, selected at random after classification. <br> CSV file: Luo_etal_confusionmatrix_images.csv contains the image name, predicted class, predicted probability, and validated group. Note that the file class_to_group.csv is needed to match up the class names to the group names. Scripts and programs: 1) Segmentation.zip contains the scripts and executables for the segmentation program. 2) Plankton_template.zip contains the archived version of the SparseConvNet program used in manuscript (current version available at: https://github.com/btgraham/SparseConvNet or https://github.com/facebookresearch/SparseConvNet)<br> Note that google-sparsehash is necessary for running SparseConvNet.<br> Also, plankton_epoch-150.cnn are the weights from the training used in the manuscript, and should be placed in the /weights folder if you want to replicate the classifications.
Computational Simulations for Aortic Coarctation: Representative Results From a Sampling of Patients (2011)

Treatments for coarctation of the aorta (CoA) can alleviate blood pressure (BP) gradients (Δ), but long-term morbidity still exists that can be explained by altered indices of hemodynamics and biomechanics. We introduce a technique to increase our understanding of these indices for CoA under resting and nonresting conditions, quantify their contribution to morbidity, and evaluate treatment options. Patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were created from imaging and BP data for one normal and four CoA patients (moderate native CoA: Δ12 mmHg, severe native CoA: Δ25 mmHg and postoperative end-to-end and end-to-side patients: Δ0 mmHg). Simulations incorporated vessel deformation, downstream vascular resistance and compliance. Indices including cyclic strain, time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), and oscillatory shear index (OSI) were quantified. Simulations replicated resting BP and blood flow data. BP during simulated exercise for the normal patient matched reported values. Greatest exercise-induced increases in systolic BP and mean and peak ΔBP occurred for the moderate native CoA patient (SBP: 115 to 154 mmHg; mean and peak ΔBP: 31 and 73 mmHg). Cyclic strain was elevated proximal to the coarctation for native CoA patients, but reduced throughout the aorta after treatment. A greater percentage of vessels was exposed to subnormal TAWSS or elevated OSI for CoA patients. Local patterns of these indices reported to correlate with atherosclerosis in normal patients were accentuated by CoA. These results apply CFD to a range of CoA patients for the first time and provide the foundation for future progress in this area.
Les maladies animales à retrovirus : leucose bovine enzootique, anémie infectieuse des équidés, arthrite/encephalite caprine (1990)

This article presents the essential features of three retroviral infections of animals: enzootic bovine leukosis, equine infectious anaemia and caprine arthritis-encephalitis. A unique feature of these diseases is persistent infection, maintained throughout the life of the host animal by the presence of a provirus integrated into the cells of the host, thereby making an infected animal a continuous source of the pathogen. Information currently available on the epidemiology and detection of these diseases is sufficient to institute effective disease control measures.
SelectfluorTM on a PolyHIPE Material as Regenerative and Reusable Polymer‐Supported Electrophilic Fluorinating Agent (2016)

Abstract The first recyclable polymer‐supported electrophilic fluorinating agent was prepared by reaction of molecular fluorine with the triethylenediamine motif that is grafted onto a poly(4‐vinylbenzyl chloride‐co‐divinylbenzene) polyHIPE material. The resulting polymeric Selectfluor TM ‐type reagent demonstrated high efficiency in the fluorination of naphthol in the course of repeated sequences of fluorination and regeneration. It also reacted with the enol form and the sodium enolate of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds. magnified image
Condensate Accretion in Shock Tube's Expansion Fan (1997)

It has been shown that turbulence and temperature influence the droplet sizes in expansion fan induced condensation by studying the Rayleigh scattering from one port in our shock tube's test section. We have modified our set-up so as to allow, using two ports, the real time measurement of the influence of turbulence and temperature on the rate at which these droplets grow. To do this, we looked at the Rayleigh scattering from two different ports for ten Reynolds numbers at five different temperatures. We modeled the time of flight of droplets, using the equations of one-dimensional gas dynamics and the measured shock wave speed in shock tube's driven section.
OodGAN: Generative Adversarial Network for Out-of-Domain Data Generation (2021)

Petr Marek, Vishal Ishwar Naik, Anuj Goyal, Vincent Auvray. Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies: Industry Papers. 2021.
Laser-induced high-aspect etching of InP: experiment and theory (1986)

New semiconductor etching techniques for InP and InP-based alloys can lead to novel electrooptical components, such as through-wafer waveguides, controllable profile deep gratings, and optical fiber interconnects. These can be important in long-distance communication systems.1
Über die Synthese und Reaktivität von α‐Diazo‐γ‐butyrolacton (1975)

Abstract Mittels der Diazogruppenübertragung gelingt es, α‐Diazo‐γ‐butyrolacton ( 2 ) herzustellen. Dieses reagiert mit Salzsäure, Essigsäure oder HCl/Äthanol unter stickstoffeliminierung zu den α‐substituierten γ‐Butyrolactonen 4a – d . 2 bildet beim Erhitzen, Bestrahlen oder bei längerer Lagerung je nach den Bedingungen das Bis‐γ‐lacton 7 , das α,β‐Butenolid 8 oder das Hydrazonolacton 13 . Über die Bildung des Phosphazins 9 aus 2 und Triphenylphosphin kann α‐Hydrazono‐γ‐butyrolacton ( 10 ) synthetisiert werden, welches mit Benzaldehyd zum Benzylidenhydrazon 11 reagiert. Unter Basenkatalyse tautomerisiert diese zum (Benzylidenhydrazino)butenolid 12 . Die Konstitutionen der Verbindungen werden durch ihre spektroskopischen Daten gestützt.
Controllable pretilt angle of liquid crystals with the formation of microgrooves (2012)

This work investigates the controllability of the pretilt angle of liquid crystals (LCs) in a cell with an initial vertical alignment through microgrooves induced by the holographic fast-writing method. By changing the writing time or intensity of the pumped beam, the microgrooves with various surface modulations can form and provide distinct planar anchoring strength for the LCs. The pretilt angle of the LCs can be controlled over a range from 18.3° to 89°. The writing time of the microgrooves takes less than 25 s, which is a two-fold reduction in the time taken in previous investigations using other photoaligned methods.
Models of Jacobians of curves (2020)

We show that the Jacobians of prestable curves over toroidal varieties always admit Néron models. These models are rarely quasi-compact or separated, but we also give a complete classification of quasi-compact separated group-models of such Jacobians. In particular we show the existence of a maximal quasi-compact separated group model, which we call the saturated model, which has the extension property for all torsion sections. The Néron model and the saturated model coincide over a Dedekind base, so the saturated model gives an alternative generalisation of the classical notion of Néron models to higher-dimensional bases; in the general case we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the Néron model and saturated model to coincide. The key result, from which most others descend, is that the logarithmic Jacobian of \cite{Molcho2018The-logarithmic} is a log Neron model of the Jacobian.
Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux and Urinary Incontinence (2000)

In the last two decades, convincing evidence of the utility of endoscopic correction of primary vesicoureteral reflux and urinary incontinence owing to intrinsic sphincter dysfunction has become available. However, the ideal bulking material has not yet been found. Polytetrafluoroethylene and purified crosslinked bovine collagen are most often used. Dextranomer microspheres suspended in sodium hyaluron solution and detachable microballoons are being studied, as are various types of beads and autologous chondrocytes.