gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of an Enantioselective Hydrogenation Route to (S)-1-(2-(Methylsulfonyl)pyridin-4-yl)propan-1-amine (2014)

A highly enantioselective enamide hydrogenation route to the title amine was developed. Highlights of the synthesis include an efficient two-step synthesis of a 2-sulfonyl 4-pyridyl ethyl ketone, a simple enamide synthesis by direct condensation of propionamide with a ketone, catalytic asymmetric enamide hydrogenation employing the in-house-developed ligand MeO-BIBOP, and a mild epimerization-free deprotection of a propionamide using Koenig’s procedure.
Activation of CPP32 and Mch3α in wild-type p53-induced apoptosis (1997)

DNA-damaging agents induce apoptosis primarily by a p53-dependent pathway. LTR6 cells containing a temperature-sensitive p53 were used to dissect further the mechanisms of p53-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis was accompanied by the processing and activation of CPP32 and Mch3 alpha, together with the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and lamin B1. These results demonstrate a critical role for the activation of interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme-like proteases in p53-induced apoptosis.
Europa-Föderationspläne der Widerstandsbewegungen, 1940–1945. Eime Dokumentation (1969)

Journal Article Europa-Föderationspläne der Widerstandsbewegungen, 1940–1945. Eime Dokumentation Get access Europa-Föderationspläne der Widerstandsbewegungen, 1940–1945. Eime Dokumentation. Collected and arranged by Walter Lipgens. Munich: Oldenbourg. 1968. 547 pp. Index. (Schriften des Forschungsinstituts der deutschen Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik E.V., Band 26.) DM 52. David Childs David Childs Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 45, Issue 3, July 1969, Pages 519–520, https://doi.org/10.2307/2614851 Published: 01 July 1969
Linear synthesis of the branched pentasaccharide repeats of O-antigens from Shigella flexneri 1a and 1b demonstrating the major steric hindrance associated with type-specific glucosylation (2014)

Shigella flexneri serotypes 1b and 1a are Gram-negative enteroinvasive bacteria causing shigellosis in humans. The O-antigen from S. flexneri 1b is a { → 2)-[3Ac/4Ac]-α-L-RHAP-(1 → 2)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 3)-[2Ac]-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 3)-[α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)]-β-D-GlcpNAc-(1 → }n branched polysaccharide ({(Ac)AB(Ac)C(E)D}n). It is identical to that from S. flexneri 1a, except for the 2C-acetate. A concise synthesis of the disaccharide ED, trisaccharides (Ac)C(E)D and C(E)D, tetrasaccharides B(Ac)C(E)D and BC(E)D, and pentasaccharides AB(Ac)C(E)D and ABC(E)D is described starting from a 2-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide acceptor and using the imidate glycosylation chemistry. The E residue was efficiently introduced via a potent stereoselective [E + D] coupling. In contrast, harsh conditions and appropriate tuning of the donor were required for a high yielding [C + ED] glycosylation. Irrespective of the level of steric bulk at residue C, glycosylation at O-3D of the ED acceptor generated a major change of conformation of the D residue within the obtained C(E)D trisaccharide, as attested by NMR data. Proper manipulation of the constrained C(E)D trisaccharide was necessary to proceed with the stepwise chain elongation at O-3C of an acceptor having the 2C-O-acetyl already in place. The protected intermediates went through a one- to three-step deprotection sequence to give the propyl glycoside targets, as portions of the O-antigens from both S. flexneri 1a and 1b. Protecting group removal was clearly associated with conformational relief, yielding oligosaccharides, for which NMR data were consistent with a (4)C1 conformation for the 3,4-di-O-glycosylated residue D, as in the native bacterial polymers.
Modeling Electromagnetic Wave Phenomena in Large Quantum Systems [Special Series: Guest Editorial] (2021)

The articles in this special section focuses on quantum technologies. This is a third article in a special series on this topic. While the first two were concerned with basic theory, this article is the first to tackle the practical simulation of realistic systems, such as nanoantennas. Furthermore, it departs from the classical electromagnetics homogenization of material properties, conventionally represented by permittivity and permeability, by turning to the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), which aims at a quantum mechanics-based analysis of light–matter interactions on the atomistic level. Following a basic introduction into the DFT and TDDFT theory, its formulation in the Lorenz gauge is presented. It is shown how the efficient computation of the electrodynamic potentials in the Lorenz gauge can help to achieve the goal of atomic-scale simulations of nanodevices, which include both quantum atomistic and longer-range electromagnetic retardation effects. Finally, the computational challenge and a road map for future calculations are shown.
Crystal Structure of the GAF-B Domain from Human Phosphodiesterase 10A Complexed with Its Ligand, cAMP (2008)

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) catalyze the degradation of the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP, which are important second messengers. Five of the 11 mammalian PDE families have tandem GAF domains at their N termini. PDE10A may be the only mammalian PDE for which cAMP is the GAF domain ligand, and it may be allosterically stimulated by cAMP. PDE10A is highly expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons. Here we report the crystal structure of the C-terminal GAF domain (GAF-B) of human PDE10A complexed with cAMP at 2.1-angstroms resolution. The conformation of the PDE10A GAF-B domain monomer closely resembles those of the GAF domains of PDE2A and the cyanobacterium Anabaena cyaB2 adenylyl cyclase, except for the helical bundle consisting of alpha1, alpha2, and alpha5. The PDE10A GAF-B domain forms a dimer in the crystal and in solution. The dimerization is mainly mediated by hydrophobic interactions between the helical bundles in a parallel arrangement, with a large buried surface area. In the PDE10A GAF-B domain, cAMP tightly binds to a cNMP-binding pocket. The residues in the alpha3 and alpha4 helices, the beta6 strand, the loop between 3(10) and alpha4, and the loop between alpha4 and beta5 are involved in the recognition of the phosphate and ribose moieties. This recognition mode is similar to those of the GAF domains of PDE2A and cyaB2. In contrast, the adenine base is specifically recognized by the PDE10A GAF-B domain in a unique manner, through residues in the beta1 and beta2 strands.
Abstract 2915: Circulating Fas in Subjects with Acute Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis: Results from IMAC 1 (2007)

Introduction In acute cardiomyopathy (ACM), lower myocardial Fas expression is predictive of greater LV recovery during follow up. Whether circulating Fas reflects myocardial activity and predicts recovery is unknown. We examined the predictive value of serum Fas, and its correlation with myocardial expression in subjects in the multicenter IMAC 1 (Intervention in Myocarditis and Acute Cardiomyopathy) trial. Methods Sixty-two subjects with recent onset dilated CM were enrolled in the IMAC 1 trial between 1996 and 1999. Plasma TNF, soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2, and serum Fas were measured (via ELISA) at entry in 56 subjects. In 20 subjects, myocardial expression of Fas was assessed by RNAse protection assay (RPA). Improvement in LVEF was assessed by radionuclide angiography at 6 and 12 months, and subjects were followed prospectively for up to 3 years. The correlation of serum Fas to circulating TNF and TNFR, and to myocardial Fas was assessed. The predictive value of serum Fas was assessed by comparison of Fas tertiles. Results The cohort (37M/25F, entry LVEF 0.25 ± 0.08, age 43 ± 12) had a mean serum Fas of 2.6 ± 1.4 ng/ml. Higher NYHA class was associated with higher Fas level (ng/ml): I/II/III/IV=2.4 ± 1.0/2.4 ± 1.1/2.7 ± 1.0/4.1 ± 2.9, p=0.035). Serum Fas demonstrated no correlation with myocardial Fas expression (r=0.169, p=0.50), but was tightly correlated with plasma TNF (r=0.75, p=0.001), TNFRI (r=0.73, p=0.001) and TNFRII (r=0.75, p=0.001). Examination of serum Fas tertiles demonstrate that low Fas was associated with higher RVEF at entry (0.39 ± 0.12 versus 0.31 ± 0.10, p=0.04), but not baseline LVEF (0.25 ± 0.08 versus 0.25 ± 0.09, p=0.97). Low Fas was associated with a trend toward higher improvement in LVEF at 12 months (change LVEF=0.19 ± 0.11, versus 0.12 ± 0.14, p=0.10) which failed to reach significance. Event free survival was similar in the low serum Fas and higher Fas tertiles (p=0.78). Conclusion Serum Fas was strongly correlated with plasma cytokines (TNF, TNFRI and TNFRII), NYHA class and RVEF. Serum Fas was not correlated with myocardial Fas, and Fas tertiles did not predict subsequent improved LVEF or event free survival. In ACM, serum Fas may reflect systemic peripheral inflammation rather than myocardial processes.
Cell Based Radioimmunoassays to Quantitate the Immunoreactivity of TNT Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against Intracellular Antigens (1991)

Direct and indirect radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedures to determine the amount of binding of a mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb) reactive with an intracellular antigen present in human cells are described. In these RIAs, mouse IgG2a MoAb, designated as Tumor Necrosis Treatment (TNT-1) antibody, paraformaldehyde/acetone fixed cells, and Sephadex beads were used to standardize the assay conditions. In the direct RIA, 83% of the 125I-labeled TNT-1 MoAb was bound to the target cells within 30 min after the addition of reagents. The amount of binding of the MoAb was directly proportional to the amount of antigen present in the assay. When the direct RIA was carried out using different types of target cells, 125I-labeled TNT-1 MoAb showed greater than 70% binding. In the indirect RIA, the amount of binding of secondary 125I-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG antibody to the target cells was linear. These results suggest that the indirect RIA can be used to estimate the immunoreactivity of the unlabeled TNT-1 MoAb present in crude protein preparations. Based on the results of RIAs the following two conclusions are drawn: 1) the direct RIA can be used to estimate rapidly the amount of immunoreactive TNT-1 MoAb present in 125I-labeled antibody preparations and 2) the indirect RIA which estimates the amount of immunoreactivity of unlabeled TNT-1 MoAb can be used to monitor the purification and study the characteristics of the MoAb present in crude protein preparations. These methods enable the quantitative measurement of MoAbs reactive against intracellular antigens using standard RIA procedures.
Solution phase synthesis of carbon quantum dots as sensitizers for nanocrystalline TiO2solar cells (2011)

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have recently emerged as viable alternatives to traditional semiconductor quantum dots because of their facile and low cost synthesis, long term colloidal stability, and low environmental and biological toxicity. The compatible surface chemistry, good solubility in polar solvents and extensive optical absorption throughout the visible and near-infrared wavelength regions render CQDs as potentially useful sensitizers for photovoltaic applications. Presented herein is a new strategy for the solution phase synthesis of water-soluble, colloidally stable CQDs and a preliminary exploration of their utilization as sensitizers in nanocrystalline TiO2 based solar cells. Under AM 1.5 illumination, the Voc and FF values reach 380 mV and 64% respectively, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 0.13%.
Contact Sensitivity Responses inMiceInfected with Trypanosoma cruzi (1978)

Mechanisms ofdepression ofcontact sensitivity responses inC57BL/10 mice infected withTrypanosoma cruzi werestudied. Cellular involvement during sensitization withoxazolone wasinvestigated inmiceacutely infected withT. cruzi. Contact sensitivity wasnotexpressed inmiceduring thelatter stages of theacute infection. Spleen cells fromsensitized, infected micewhichwereunable torespond tooxazolone could confer contact sensitivity uponnormalsyngenic miceaseffectively asspleen cells fromuninfected, sensitized donors. Theability ofmiceinfected withT.cruzi torespond toaneliciting doseofoxazolone was significantly improved whenmacrophages fromnormalsyngenic donors were administered tothematthetimeofskintest. Wheneither normalorinfected micewereusedasrecipients oflymphocytes fromsensitized donors, thenormal miceresponded significantly better thandidinfected miceafter administration of aneliciting doseofoxazolone. Anincrease inpyroninophilic cells wasobserved in draining lymphnodesafter application ofasensitizing doseofoxazolone tothe earsofeither normaloracutely infected mice.Theseresults indicate that suppression ofcontact sensitivity during acuteT.cruzi infection isdirected toward theefferent armrather thantheafferent armoftheresponse. Various protozoan infections produce depressionofhostimmuneresponses. Experimentally, suppression ofimmuneresponses toantigens other thanthose oftheparasite hasbeenobserved inanimals withAfrican trypanosomiasis,
Research data supporting 'The role of charge recombination to triplet excitons in organic solar cells' (2021)

The data sets stored here accompany the related research article, showing the data that forms the figures in the main text of the publication.
The clinical utility of atypical cytology is significantly increased in both screening and monitoring for bladder cancer when indexed with nuclear matrix protein‐22 (2008)

The clinical utility of atypical cytology was significantly increased in both screening and monitoring for bladder cancer when indexed with NMP22 levels.
Continuous Evolution Profiles for Electronic‐Tongue‐Based Analysis (2012)

Licking the problem: A new type of electronic tongue was constructed by self-assembly on the surface of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging prism with combinations of simple building blocks. The resulting combinatorial array was used to detect proteins in solution (see scheme) by using SPR imaging to monitor the interactions. The signal from each spot was dependent on its composition and the protein infused, and correlated with the response of its neighbors. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Proteolytic Processing of Human Protein C in Swine Mammary Gland (1995)

Maturation of human Protein C (HPC) precursor to a zymogen in the liver requires endoproteolytic cleavages after a basic dipeptide, Lys-2-Arg-1 in the propeptide and Lys156-Arg157 connecting the light and heavy chain. Recombinant human Protein C (rHPC) was expressed in the mammary gland of transgenic swine and its proteolytic processing was monitored. We found that about 10-20% of rHPC purified from the milk still retained the propeptide and 30-40% was in the single-chain form, indicating inefficient proteolytic cleavage. This demonstrates that endoprotease(s) of the swine mammary epithelial cells do not process fully the precursor of heterologous protein. rHPC was fractionated by anion exchange chromatography and polypeptides with novel N-termini at positions -1,152 and 157 were detected in addition to the known N-termini at residues -24, +1, and 158. Since rHPC was found to be stable both in milk and after purification, it is possible that these new cleavages on the amino side of arginine at dipeptide sites Lys-2-Arg-1, Lys151-Arg152, and Lys156-Arg157 could have occurred in the mammary gland. Thus, our results suggest that a portion of HPC precursor was proteolytically processed in swine mammary gland differently than those in other expression systems.
Modular Assembly of Glycoproteins: Towards the Synthesis of GlyCAM‐1 by Using Expressed Protein Ligation (2004)

Zucker, wem Zucker gebührt: Physiologisch relevante Glycoproteine mit Sacchariden an vorgegebenen Stellen, wie GlyCAM-1, können aus kleinen synthetischen und bakteriell abgeleiteten Fragmenten unter Verwendung der „Expressed-Protein-Ligation“-Methode hergestellt werden. Die Technik wurde zur Synthese der drei semisynthetischen GlyCAM-1-Varianten 1–3 angewendet (siehe Schema). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2004/z52673_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The chemistry and biology of KP-1461, a selective nucleoside mutagen for HIV therapy (2006)

KP-1461 is a deoxycytidine analogue that is randomly inserted into HIV DNA by reverse transcriptase where it can cause base mispairing and introduce mutations that decrease viral fitness. The nucleoside consists of a natural deoxyribose for efficient use by the viral polymerase and a modified base that undergoes tautomerization between a cytosine form and a thymine form that exclusively causes transitional mutations. In vitro testing showed ablation of HIV when used in a serial passage format Host cell nuclear polymerases alpha and beta have a high Km for KP-1461 triphosphate that could preclude incorporation into nuclear DNA. KP-1461 has successfully completed preclinical testing including animal toxicology studies, a complete panel of genotoxicity assessments, and acute cardio, pulmonary and neurotoxicity tests. A single dose Phase 1a clinical trial in healthy volunteers showed safety and PK to continue clinical development. A Phase 1b study is currently underway in ARV-experienced HIV+ patients.
Erratum: New constraints on the Yukawa-type hypothetical interaction from the recent Casimir force measurement [Phys. Rev. D56, R6 (1997)] (1998)

We overestimated the strength of the constraints on the parameters of hypothetical long-range interactions following from measurements of the Casimir force 1. According to 1 ''agreement with theory at the level of 5% is obtained.'' The value of the parameter characterizing ''the degree of precision of the measurement'' is 0.010.05 1. We used this value to obtain the constraints, by identifying it with the relative error of the Casimir force measurements. This parameter, however, coincides with the relative error of the force measurements only for a1 m, where a is the spatial separation between the interacting bodies. For a6 m, as detailed analyses of the data of 1 show, the value of is unrelated to the relative error which, in this case is around 700%.
Education of Murine NK Cells Requires Both cis and trans Recognition of MHC Class I Molecules (2013)

Abstract Although NK cells use invariant receptors to identify diseased cells, they nevertheless adapt to their environment, including the presence of certain MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules. This NK cell education, which is mediated by inhibitory receptors specific for MHC-I molecules, changes the responsiveness of activating NK cell receptors (licensing) and modifies the repertoire of MHC-I receptors used by NK cells. The fact that certain MHC-I receptors have the unusual capacity to recognize MHC-I molecules expressed by other cells (trans) and by the NK cell itself (cis) has raised the question regarding possible contributions of the two types of interactions to NK cell education. Although the analysis of an MHC-I receptor variant suggested a role for cis interaction for NK cell licensing, adoptive NK cell transfer experiments supported a key role for trans recognition. To reconcile some of these findings, we have analyzed the impact of cell type–specific deletion of an MHC-I molecule and of a novel MHC-I receptor variant on the education of murine NK cells when these mature under steady-state conditions in vivo. We find that MHC-I expression by NK cells (cis) and by T cells (trans), and MHC-I recognition in cis and in trans, are both needed for NK cell licensing. Unexpectedly, modifications of the MHC-I receptor repertoire are chiefly dependent on cis binding, which provides additional support for an essential role for this unconventional type of interaction for NK cell education. These data suggest that two separate functions of MHC-I receptors are needed to adapt NK cells to self–MHC-I.
Fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures by soft molding (2001)

We have developed soft molding as a method for meso-scale-area fabrication of three-dimensional structures. The soft molding, which is a form of soft lithography, involves placing an elastomeric mold on the surface of a spin-coated polymer film with a slight pressure (&amp;lt;1 N/cm2), allowing the mold to absorb solvent, releasing the pressure, and then letting the mold and the substrate remain undisturbed for a period of time. The three-dimensional structure thus formed is robust in that the pattern fidelity is preserved without any distortion or defects. For the soft molding to be successful, the rate of solvent absorption by the mold should be larger than the rate of solvent evaporation. The method is demonstrated with several three-dimensional structures.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Exploiting Radiation-Induced Signaling to Increase the Susceptibility of Resistant Cancer Cells to Targeted Drugs: AKT and mTOR Inhibitors as an Example (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Subcellular localization of AKT and mTOR after radiation. Immunofluorescence staining of AKT and mTOR in irradiated and unirradiated DU145 and PC3 cells. Nuclear staining was performed with DAPI.&lt;/p&gt;
A 2.97μm-Pitch Event-Based Vision Sensor with Shared Pixel Front-End Circuitry and Low-Noise Intensity Readout Mode (2023)

Event-based vision sensors (EVS) detect temporal contrast changes with high dynamic range using pixel-parallel comparison with a relative threshold. To achieve this detection feature, an EVS pixel comprises a logarithmic amplifier, a sampling circuit of the initial voltage, at least one comparator, and in-pixel logic circuitry [1]. The complexity of pixel circuitry constrains the pixel size. A back-illuminated (BI) stacked EVS reduces the pixel size to around <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$5\mu \mathsf{m}[2,3]$</tex> , but many applications looking to take advantage of EVS require smaller pixel sizes and higher resolutions. To meet speed requirements in terms of event detection, an asynchronous frame-free readout based on an arbiter circuit is often applied to EVS. Though asynchronous readout achieves response times of several <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$10\mu \mathbf{s}$</tex> in low-activity scenes, the unpredictable arbitration time degrades time accuracy and affects system-level features such as recognition accuracy in high-activity scenes. There have been several efforts to increase event throughput with innovative circuit techniques [4], [5], but the additional processing increases the post-processing cost to reconstruct a frame from asynchronous event data. A frame format synchronized with a stable time accuracy is suitable for recent post-processing approaches performed using a convolutional neural network. Moreover, conventional image acquisition with very low noise is still helpful for the complex tasks combined with event-based vision sensing. Recent proposals combining event detection and intensity acquisition have serious limitations due to random noise or propagation delays from arbitration [6], [7].