gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absolute Stereochemistry of Fungal Beauveriolide III and ACAT Inhibitory Activity of Four Stereoisomers (2006)

Fungal beauveriolide III (BeauIII, 1b), a cyclodepsipeptide inhibiting acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and showing antiatherogenic activity in mouse models, consists of L-Phe, L-Ala, D-allo-Ile, and 3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoic acid (HMA) moieties, but the stereochemistry of the HMA part has not until now been fully defined. To determine it, four HMA stereoisomers were synthesized and labeled with (S)-(+)-2-(anthracene-2,3-dicarboximido)-1-propyl trifluoromethane sulfonate (AP-OTf), a chiral fluorescent reagent. The derivatives were separated by HPLC and compared with the natural HMA derivative, which was thereby identified as (3S,4S)HMA in BeauIII. Furthermore, the four beauveriolide III isomers ((3S,4S)BeauIII (23a), (3R,4R)BeauIII (23b), (3R,4S)BeauIII (23c), and (3S,4R)BeauIII (23d)) were synthesized, and it was shown that all the spectral data for 23a were identical with those for natural 1b. Isomers 23a and 23d showed potent inhibitory activity of lipid droplet accumulation in macrophages, while the other two isomers caused weak inhibition. Thus, the 3S configuration of BeauIII is important for this activity. Furthermore, 23a and 23d showed rather specific inhibition against the ACAT1 isozyme.
Attachment of Human Colon Cancer Cells to Vascular Endothelium Is Enhanced by N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (2004)

Expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) in colon cancer has been shown to be related to hematogenous metastasis and poor prognosis. To investigate the mechanism by which cancer cells expressing GnT-V metastasize to distant organs, we established GnT-V-overexpressing DLD-1 and WiDr cells (human colon cancer cell lines) by transfecting them with a GnT-V expression vector. Attachment to endothelial cells expressing E-selectin was studied, and expression of the E-selectin ligand, sialyl Lewis x, in colon cancer cells was investigated. Both of the cell lines showed reduced adhesion to fibronectin as compared with mock transfectants. In contrast, attachment to human umbilical vein endothelial cells expressing E-selectin was significantly enhanced by GnT-V expression (p < 0.01). Sialyl Lewis x is a ligand for E-selectin and a marker for poor prognosis of colon cancer. Its synthesis in cells has been shown to involve GnT-V. We demonstrated that expression of sialyl Lewis x in colon cancer cells was induced by GnT-V expression. These results suggest that GnT-V induces sialyl Lewis x expression and leads colon cancer cells to metastasize by enhancing their ability to attach to vascular endothelium in distant organs, such as liver or lung. Inhibition of GnT-V activity may prevent metastasis in colon cancer patients with high sialyl Lewis x expression.
Experimental investigation of binodal astigmatism in nodal aberration theory (NAT) with a Cassegrain telescope system (2021)

We present simulations and an experimental investigation of binodal astigmatism in nodal aberration theory (NAT) for a customized, high-precision Cassegrain telescope system. The telescope system utilizes a five-axis, piezo-actuated flexural mechanism to introduce secondary mirror misalignments and generate aberrations intentionally. The induced aberrations are measured interferometrically and quantified for a grid of field points on the telescope system's image plane. For this purpose, a coma-free pivot point of the secondary mirror was simulated for isolating the binodal astigmatism field response. The separation of the nodes is proportional to the introduced misalignments. A simulation of Fringe Zernike coma and binodal astigmatism was generated using a real ray trace model of the optical system and analyzed to compare to the experimental results. A statistical analysis of the measurements was performed to show the experimental results' accuracy and stability. The experimental results were consistent with the simulations, hence experimentally validating NAT for binodal astigmatism for the first time.
Quasi-linear ring colliding-pulse mode-locked femtosecond laser using binary energy-transfer gain dye mixture (1988)

A new method for femtosecond pulse generation using a binary energy-transfer dye mixture for the gain medium in a novel linear ring colliding-pulse mode-locked dye-laser configuration is reported. Pulses of 30-fsec duration and 18.7-nm spectral width are routinely generated.
Effect of Natural Food Condiments on Carcinogenic/Mutagenic Heterocyclic Amines Formation in Thermally Processed Camel Meat (2016)

In the present study, the effect of various natural food condiments (garlic, ginger, pepper, tomato and onion) on the formation of heterocyclic amines (HAs) in cooked camel meat was studied. In control sample, the amount of HAs MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx and PhIP were obtained between 2.10 and 5.22 ng/g, while, MeIQ and IQ were found less than quantification limit. The camel meat cooked with different food condiments, the HAs were found in lesser amounts. MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx and PhIP were detected from 0.42 to 2.83 ng/g, however, MeIQ and IQ were not indentified in any analyzed samples. Consequently, camel meat cooked by various food condiments illustrates the capability to reduce the HAs formation. Such information may be elucidated because of the presence of antioxidants in such condiments which might have pro-oxidative effects with the subsequent formation of peroxyl radicals or by the scavenging of oxygen or free radicals. Practical Applications This is the first study relating to the inhibition of HAs by means of some common food condiments in cooked camel meat. In this work, five HAs such as MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, PhIP, MeIQ and IQ have been studied in camel meat samples thermally processed with or without food condiments. Our results evidently demonstrate that the formation of HAs in cooked camel meat is highly affected by using food condiments. The current study also illustrates that the concentrations of HAs can be kept at low levels by cooking the meat that include food condiments. The obtained results could be used to estimate the human intake of HAs either in Saudi Arabia or global and supplied to the search of good food condiments that reduce the threat of exposure to HAs, and thus to advance the food security and quality.
Tunable wavelength demultiplexer and OCDMA code hopping using a 10-/spl mu/s-tuning MEMS-actuated Gires-Tournois filter (2006)

We demonstrate system level performance and rapid switching (10 μs) of a 1×3 wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer (mux/demux) based on a Gires-Tournois interferometer with cyclically tunable center wavelengths. Group delay ripple within the passband is measured to be <8 ps. Less than 0.5-dB power penalty is observed for 10-Gb/s data propagating through the demux. Additionally, rapid optical code-division multiple-access code hopping using this tunable demux has been shown.
Synthesis of Cypridina Luciferin and Related Compounds. II. : Synthesis of Etioluciferamine (1969)

2-Amino-5-benzamidovaleramidine dihydrobromide (X) was synthesized from 4-benzamidobutyraldehyde diethyl acetal. Using the similar procedure reported in the previous paper for the preparation of 2-amino-5- (3-indolyl) pyrazine, X and 3-indolylglyoxal were condensed to afford benzoyletioluciferamine (XII), which in turn was hydrolyzed with methanolic KOH to give etioluciferamine (I). Synthetic I was proved to be identical with I obtained from natural luciferin.
The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α in the Regulation of Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells (2020)

Our data support our hypothesis that the beneficial effect of hypoxia on the MG is mediated through an increased expression of HIF1α.
Adversarial Distributional Training for Robust Deep Learning (2020)

Adversarial training (AT) is among the most effective techniques to improve model robustness by augmenting training data with adversarial examples. However, most existing AT methods adopt a specific attack to craft adversarial examples, leading to the unreliable robustness against other unseen attacks. Besides, a single attack algorithm could be insufficient to explore the space of perturbations. In this paper, we introduce adversarial distributional training (ADT), a novel framework for learning robust models. ADT is formulated as a minimax optimization problem, where the inner maximization aims to learn an adversarial distribution to characterize the potential adversarial examples around a natural one under an entropic regularizer, and the outer minimization aims to train robust models by minimizing the expected loss over the worst-case adversarial distributions. Through a theoretical analysis, we develop a general algorithm for solving ADT, and present three approaches for parameterizing the adversarial distributions, ranging from the typical Gaussian distributions to the flexible implicit ones. Empirical results on several benchmarks validate the effectiveness of ADT compared with the state-of-the-art AT methods.
Human loss-of-function variants suggest that partial LRRK2 inhibition is a safe therapeutic strategy for Parkinson’s disease (2019)

Abstract Human genetic variants causing loss-of-function (LoF) of protein-coding genes provide natural in vivo models of gene inactivation, which are powerful indicators of gene function and the potential toxicity of therapeutic inhibitors targeting these genes 1,2 . Gain-of-kinase-function variants in LRRK2 are known to significantly increase the risk of Parkinson’s disease 3,4 , suggesting that inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity is a promising therapeutic strategy. Whilst preclinical studies in model organisms have raised some on-target toxicity concerns 5–8 , the biological consequences of LRRK2 inhibition have not been well characterized in humans. Here we systematically analyse LoF variants in LRRK2 observed across 141,456 individuals sequenced in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) 9 and over 4 million participants in the 23andMe genotyped dataset, to assess their impact at a molecular and phenotypic level. After thorough variant curation, we identify 1,358 individuals with high-confidence predicted LoF variants in LRRK2 , several with experimental validation. We show that heterozygous LoF of LRRK2 reduces LRRK2 protein level by ~50% but is not associated with reduced life expectancy, or with any specific phenotype or disease state. These data suggest that therapeutics that downregulate LRRK2 levels or kinase activity by up to 50% are unlikely to have major on-target safety liabilities. Our results demonstrate the value of large scale genomic databases and phenotyping of human LoF carriers for target validation in drug discovery.
Preparation of breathable and superhydrophobic polyurethane electrospun webs with silica nanoparticles (2015)

Polyurethane (PU) is a unique polymeric material with excellent chemical and physical properties and is widely used in textile materials. There has been a need for superhydrophobic PU for wider applications, such as coating materials. In this research, SiO 2 nanoparticle (SNP) incorporated PU webs with superhydrophobic and breathable properties were prepared by one-step sol-gel electrospinning and post-treated with a non-fluorinated water repellent chemical, n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS). SNPs were observed to be distributed evenly all over the fiber surfaces when 1–6 wt% SNP and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)/acetic acid solution were added. TEOS was hydrolyzed to form larger nanoparticles while developing cross-linking with aromatic groups of the PU matrix. Interestingly, the addition of 20 nm SNPs was thought to act as nucleating seeds for enhanced hydrolysis of TEOS within the PU matrix. The hierarchical surface roughness consists of different sized SNPs and polymer beads, which resulted in superhydrophobicity with water contact angles as high as 157° and shedding angles as low as 5°. Laminating PU/SNP/DTMS webs onto polyester fabrics maintained the air permeability and water vapor transmission rate, which proves the potential of the developed PU/SNP/DTMS webs for practical applications as textile laminate materials with simple processing.
<title>Micro-archiving and interactive virtual insect exhibit</title> (2002)

This system has been in development at Keio University in Japan and pulls together several techniques including Micro Archiving and interactive stereoscopic displays. The exhibit, shown at Siggraph, engages visitors who are invited to visualize and interact with microscopic structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye, but that commonly exist in our everyday surroundings. The exhibit presents a virtual world in which dead specimens of bugs come back to life as virtual bugs, and freely walk around - visitors interact with these virtual bugs and examine the virtual models in detail.
ISAAC (2016)

A number of recent efforts have attempted to design accelerators for popular machine learning algorithms, such as those involving convolutional and deep neural networks (CNNs and DNNs). These algorithms typically involve a large number of multiply-accumulate (dot-product) operations. A recent project, DaDianNao, adopts a near data processing approach, where a specialized neural functional unit performs all the digital arithmetic operations and receives input weights from adjacent eDRAM banks. This work explores an in-situ processing approach, where memristor crossbar arrays not only store input weights, but are also used to perform dot-product operations in an analog manner. While the use of crossbar memory as an analog dot-product engine is well known, no prior work has designed or characterized a full-fledged accelerator based on crossbars. In particular, our work makes the following contributions: (i) We design a pipelined architecture, with some crossbars dedicated for each neural network layer, and eDRAM buffers that aggregate data between pipeline stages. (ii) We define new data encoding techniques that are amenable to analog computations and that can reduce the high overheads of analog-to-digital conversion (ADC). (iii) We define the many supporting digital components required in an analog CNN accelerator and carry out a design space exploration to identify the best balance of memristor storage/compute, ADCs, and eDRAM storage on a chip. On a suite of CNN and DNN workloads, the proposed ISAAC architecture yields improvements of 14.8×, 5.5×, and 7.5× in throughput, energy, and computational density (respectively), relative to the state-of-the-art DaDianNao architecture.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Enhanced Chemiluminescence: Advanced Chemiluminescence Concepts for the 21st Century (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Single-tube nested competitive PCR with homologous competitor for quantitation of DNA target sequences: theoretical description of heteroduplex formation, evaluation of sensitivity, precision and linear range of the method (1998)

Competitive PCR is a frequently used technique for quantitation of DNA and mRNA. However, the application of the most favourable homologous mutated competitors is impeded by the formation of heteroduplex molecules which complicates the data evaluation and may lead to quantitation errors. Moreover, in most cases a single quantitation of an unknown sample requires multiple competitive reactions for identification of the equivalence point. In the present study, a highly efficient and reliable method as well as the underlying theoretical model is described. The mathematical solutions of this model provide the basis for single-tube quantitation using a homologous mutated competitor. For quantitation of Human Papilloma Virus 16-DNA, it is shown that single tube quantitations using simple PAGE separation and video evaluation for signal analysis permit linear detection within more than two orders of magnitude. In addition, repeated single-tube competitive PCRs exhibited good precision (average standard deviation 5%), even if carried out as nested high cycle PCR for quantitation of low abundant sequences (intraassay sensitivity <2 x 10(2) copies). This evaluation method can be applied to any DNA separation and detection method which is capable of resolving the heteroduplex fraction from both homoduplex molecules.
Organic Light-Emitting Diode Microcavities from Transparent Conducting Metal Oxide Photonic Crystals (2011)

We report herein on the integration of novel transparent and conducting one-dimensional photonic crystals that consist of periodically alternating layers of spin-coated antimony-doped tin oxide nanoparticles and sputtered tin-doped indium oxide into organic light emitting diode (OLED) microcavities. The large refractive index contrast between the layers due the porosity of the nanoparticle layer led to facile fabrication of dielectric mirrors with intense and broadband reflectivity from structures consisting of only five bilayers. Because our photonic crystals are easily amenable to large scale OLED fabrication and simultaneously selectively reflective as well as electronically conductive, such materials are ideally suited for integration into OLED microcavities. In such a device, the photonic crystal, which represents a direct drop-in replacement for typical ITO anodes, is capable of serving two necessary functions: (i) as one partially reflecting mirror of the optical microcavity; and (ii) as the anode of the diode.
Performance and radiation resistance of quantum dot multi-junction solar cells (2013)

Lattice matched, triple-junction solar cells with strain-compensated quantum dots (QDs) in the GaAs middle cell were grown by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Devices with different numbers of QD layers are compared to baseline devices with no QDs. Quantum efficiency and light I-V measurements show an increase in short circuit current density and degradation of the open circuit voltage for QD solar cells. The QDs do not improve the overall efficiency of the devices, and the performance degrades as more QD layers are added. The QD solar cells show improved relative radiation resistance compared to baseline devices, but the improvement is insufficient to make up for the initial loss of performance.
Reduction of salmonella contamination in pork carcasses by vaccination (2003)

Two field studies and one laboratory challenge were performed to evaluate of vaccination with a live, avirulent Salmonella choleraesuis vaccine (Enterisol® SC-54) to provide cross protection, reduce the level of internal culture and fecal shedding of multiple serovars of Salmonella. Barns of grow-finish pigs were vaccinated orally, via drinking water, or left as matched controls in the field studies. Ileocecal lymph nodes and spiral colon fecal material were collected at the abattoir from field studies. Three week old pigs were vaccinated intranasally and challenged at five weeks of age in the laboratory study. Internal organ culture and fecal shedding were measured two weeks following challenge with S typhimurium. In all three studies, vaccinated pigs had significantly lower culture prevalence of non S choleraesuis serovars (p<0.05), and reduced fecal shedding in following laboratory challenge (p<0.05). A nominal (p=0.07) trend to improved growth rate following laboratory challenge with S typhimurium challenge was also detected.
Development of FW and MTPV Control for SynRM via Feedforward Voltage Angle Control (2021)

In order to develop a wide speed range operation of the synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) drive system for constant torque, constant power, and reduced power regions, an extended speed control (ESC) with maximum efficiency (ME), flux weakening (FW), and maximum torque per voltage (MTPV) is proposed in this article. First, a conventional FW control system with field-oriented control is introduced. Moreover, to achieve the ME operation, a lookup table of the results of ME analysis by using the finite element analysis technology is adopted to produce the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> -axis current commands for the current control mode of the SynRM in the constant torque region. Furthermore, the FW voltage controller is employed to produce the incremental value of the stator voltage command to achieve the maximum voltage limit. In addition, a novel feedforward-based voltage angle controller with an MTPV limiter is designed to generate the voltage angle command for the voltage control mode in the constant power and reduced power regions. Finally, the proposed ESC system is implemented in a 32-b floating-point digital signal processor TMS320F28075 and its robustness and effectiveness are verified by some experimental results.
Zero vs. epsilon Error in Interference Channels (2013)

Traditional studies of multi-source, multi-terminal interference channels typically allow a vanishing probability of error in communication. Motivated by the study of network coding, this work addresses the task of quantifying the loss in rate when insisting on zero error communication in the context of interference channels.
Enhanced Detection of β-Galactosidase Reporter Activation Is Achieved by a Reduction of Hemoglobin Content in Tissue Lysates (2001)

beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), the product of the E. coli LacZ gene, has been used extensively as a reporter in numerous systems. Until recently, the most commonly used method of detecting beta-gal reporter enzymatic activity was a colormetric assay based on the cleavage of the beta-gal substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal) to form a blue precipitate. However, when increased sensitivity is needed, many investigators now turn to alternate substrates that produce fluorescent or luminescent products upon cleavage by beta-gal. These products are much more easily quantified than X-gal. The luminescent and fluorometric assays work very well in cultured cells but are often less sensitive in whole tissue lysates. In this study, we have evaluated the sensitivity of a fluorescent and a luminescent substrate in whole tissue lysates cleared of red blood cells or washed with PBS only. We have found that both assays show increased low-end sensitivity in tissues with reduced levels of hemoglobin (Hb). Hb is apparently able to quench luminescent and, to a lesser degree, fluorescent reporter light emission. Therefore, steps should be taken to reduce Hb levels either by lysis, perfusion, or both to enhance the sensitivity of these assays.
Laser Welding of High-strength Aluminium Alloys for the Sheet Metal Forming Process (2014)

Laser beam welding of similar and dissimilar joints made of 7075-T6 and 5182-O sheets is conducted. A new approach of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht is used to solve the problems of weldability and softening. The microstructural characteristics and the mechanical properties of the joints are evaluated. With this information it is possible to initially assess the formability of the tailored blanks. Finally the formability of the welds will be validated via a sheet metal forming process. Owing to the good formability of the base materials, the results obtained for the welded joints are compared with base material properties.
LIGNITE FUEL ENHANCEMENT (2005)

This 4th quarterly Technical Progress Report for the Lignite Fuel Enhancement Project summarizes activities from April 1st through June 30th of 2005. It also summarizes the subsequent purchasing activity and dryer/process construction.