gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Case Study of Realistic Two-Scale Modeling of Water Permeability in Fibrous Media (2008)

Abstract There are several 3-D analytical models available for predicting the permeability of fibrous media. These models are developed based on the assumption that the medium is homogeneous with fibers oriented either in one specific direction, randomly oriented in the plane of the material, or isotropically oriented in a 3-D space. Unlike the homogeneous geometries normally considered for modeling, real media have a rather inhomogeneous Solid Volume Fraction (SVF), fiber orientations, and/or diameters. The presence of such non-uniformities in a real medium renders the models' predictions inaccurate. Sectioning-imaging, MRI imaging, or tomographic methods are often used to obtain a 3-D image of the real media for the purpose of calculating the permeability. These techniques, however, require extensive computational resources making the simulations limited to very small sub-domains. To circumvent this problem (required computational memory), a two-scale modeling approach is proposed that allowed modeling the entire thickness of a typical hydroentangled fabric on a personal computer. In particular, the micro-scale water permeability of a carded, hydroentangled nonwoven is computed via a finite difference CFD code, GeoDict, by using 3-D reconstructed microstructures obtained from Digital Volumetric Imaging (DVI). The resulting permeability tensors are then used in a lumped porous media model developed by Fluent Inc. for simulating water flow through the entire thickness of the material and the calculation of effective permeability. The modeling strategy presented in this study, is not limited to the case considered here and can be applied to different porous materials.
Circulating miR-27a-3p as a candidate for a biomarker of whole grain diets for lipid metabolism (2020)

As a worldwide epidemic, overweight and obesity have long been an issue of great interest in a wide range of health areas, and the whole grain diet has been proven to be an effective and healthy manner to prevent them. Recent developments in the field of microRNAs (miRNAs) have led to a renewed interest in lipid metabolism, however, whether a whole grain diet regulates lipid metabolism through miRNAs is still unknown. Hence, our current study was carried out to explore the changes of miRNAs in mice with the treatment of whole grain diets (the brown rice group, BR and whole wheat group, WW) and to screen out miRNAs that can serve as a biomarker to evaluate and regulate lipid metabolism. After whole grain diet treatment for 8 weeks, the lipids both in serum and liver were reduced, as well as the body weight. Moreover, there were 136 miRNAs with significant differences among our three dietary patterns (the CS diet, BR diet and WW diet) analyzed by serum miRNAs sequencing, and only 16 miRNAs showed simultaneous differences in the BR or WW groups compared to the CS group, showing a consistent trend of change. The serum miRNA sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that miR-27a-3p was decreased in serum and WAT, while it was elevated both in the liver and ileum. We propose that circulating miR-27a-3p could be a novel candidate for a biomarker of whole grain diets for lipid metabolism through the assessment of the KEGG pathway, GO enrichment and the conservative analysis of miRNAs. The potential mechanisms of action could be through binding the 3'UTR of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) and fatty acid synthase (FASN), which were key enzymes for lipid synthesis, achieving regulation of lipid metabolism. A luciferase assay was also performed to verify the above mechanism, which shows that miR-27a-3p mimics transfection, repressing the luciferase activity of the two reporters carrying miR-27a-3p regulatory elements found in the 3'-UTR of HMGCR and FASN, respectively. Our study has provided new molecular mechanisms of whole grain diets for lipid metabolism, as well as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity.
Design of a Calorimeter for Measurement of Heat Generation Rate of Lithium Ion Battery Using Thermoelectric Device (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Analysis of thermal behavior of Lithium ion battery is one of crucial issues to ensure a safe and durable operation. Temperature is the physical quantity that is widely used for analysis, but limited for accurate investigations of behavior of heat generation of battery because of sensitivities affected by heat transfer in experiments. Calorimeter available commercially is widely used to measure the heat generation of battery, but does not follow required dynamics because of a relatively large thermal time constant given by cavity and a limited heat transfer capability. In this paper, we proposed a highly dynamic calorimeter that was constructed using two thermoelectric devices (TEMs). For the design of the calorimeter and its calibration, a printed circuit board (PCB) with the same size as the battery was used as a dummy load to generate controlled heat. Dynamics were improved using a lead-lag compensator for temperature control and heat generation was estimated using Kalman filter based on a thermal model of the calorimeter. All parameters were optimized using the PCB. Finally, heat generation rate of a large format of pouch type lithium ion battery was measured and compared with theoretical values.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Archaeal Lipids: Innovative Materials for Biotechnological Applications (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 28/2008) (2008)

Abstract The cover picture shows the molecular structure of monopolar diether‐type and bipolar tetraether‐type lipids found in archaea membranes as well as a schematized representation of an archaeosome–DNA complex based on archaeal lipids. The background offers a view of archaeosomes (cross‐fractured vesicles made from synthetic archaeal bipolar lipids) observed by freeze‐fracture electron microscopy. Details of the structure and properties of these original natural or synthetic lipids and their potential biotechnological applications are presented in the Microreview by T. Benvegnu et al. on p. 4725 ff.
Transactional network: Improving efficiency and enabling grid services for buildings (2016)

Because of a need to reduce electricity consumption and to make electricity generation cleaner, there is an impetus to improve the energy efficiency of the building stock and widespread installation of distributed variable renewable energy generation. Soon, a significant fraction of transportation energy will be in the form of electricity. Significant gains in building operational efficiency are possible because between 20% and 30% of the energy consumed in commercial buildings is typically wasted because of poor or inefficient building operations. To address these problems, the U.S. Department of Energy's Building Technologies Office is supporting the development of the concept of a “transactional network” that supports energy, operational, and financial transactions between building systems (e.g., rooftop units), and the electric power grid using applications, or “agents,” that reside either on the equipment, on local building controllers, or in the Cloud. This article describes the transactional network concept, the platform, and two example agents/applications within VOLTTRON™ that improve operational efficiency and enable grid services for packaged air conditioners and heat pumps (rooftop units). It also describes the results from testing the concept at some demonstration sites.
Occurrence of interleukin-5 production by CD4- CD8- (double-negative) T cells in lungs of both normal and congenitally athymic nude mice infected with Toxocara canis. (1995)

We studied cells in the lungs of BALB/c and BALB/c-nu/nu (nude) mice infected with Toxocara canis, which produced interleukin-5 (IL-5) in in vitro culture with larval excretory-secretory antigen (ESAg). The proportion of CD4+/CD8+/CD4- CD8- cells in lungs of both BALB/c and nude mice was unchanged before and after infection with T. canis. Panning and complement-mediated lysis using monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CD4 showed that CD4+ cells in the lung from both mice produced IL-5. Anti-CD4 mAb suppressed ESAg-stimulated IL-5 production in vitro. In vitro depletion or inhibition of CD8+ cells reduced IL-5 production significantly in some cases, suggesting involvement with IL-5 production. Anti-CD3 mAb enhanced IL-5 production when incubated with or without ESAg. Production of IL-5 was reduced by in vivo depletion of CD4+ cells only and both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, by intraperitoneal injection with appropriate mAb; IL-5 production was stimulated by anti-CD3 mAb. In contrast, IL-5 production by lung cells of BALB/c mice decreased by more than 90% after simultaneous injection with anti-CD4, anti-CD8 and anti-CD3 mAb, and was not enhanced by anti-CD3 mAb. Similar results were obtained in nude mice. These results suggest that CD4- CD8- T cells, as well as CD4+ T cells, produce IL-5.
Assessment of health‐related quality of life and patient benefit as outcome measures for clinical trials in hepatocellular carcinoma (2008)

Abstract Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility and validity of using health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and patient benefit as outcome measures in a phase II trial of octreotide long acting release (LAR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); and, to determine aspects of HRQL that were most impaired and aspects that changed. Methods: Sixty‐three patients with advanced HCC were treated with octreotide LAR. HRQL was assessed monthly with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Hepatobiliary Questionnaire (FACT‐Hep) and the Patient Disease and Treatment Assessment Form (Patient DATA Form). Benefit was assessed directly by asking subjects at 1 month about change from baseline using the Patient Benefit Form. Convergent, discriminative and predictive validity were assessed by testing a priori hypotheses. Results: Seventy‐three percent completed a baseline assessment of HRQL. Compliance decreased over time. Fatigue, energy, anxiety, pain, insomnia, and emotional well‐being were the most impaired aspects of HRQL on the Patient DATA Form. Convergent validity was supported by 52 of 57 hypothesized correlations. Predictive validity was supported by associations between survival and four aspects of HRQL. Patients' direct assessments of benefit for common symptoms were moderately associated with changes in their scores on the Patient DATA Form. Conclusion: Use of the FACT Hep and Patient DATA Form is feasible in trials of advanced HCC. The validity of the direct measure of patient benefit was questionable, despite its intuitive attraction. Fatigue, anxiety, insomnia, and impaired emotional well‐being were prominent, are probably under‐recognized in practice, and are worthy of future research.
Ring Size in Octreotide Amide Modulates Differently Agonist versus Antagonist Binding Affinity and Selectivity (2008)

H-DPhe (2)-c[Cys (3)-Phe (7)-DTrp (8)-Lys (9)-Thr (10)-Cys (14)]-Thr (15)-NH2 (1) (a somatostatin agonist, SRIF numbering) and H-Cpa (2)-c[DCys (3)-Tyr (7)-DTrp (8)-Lys (9)-Thr (10)-Cys (14)]-Nal (15)-NH2 (4) (a somatostatin antagonist) are based on the structure of octreotide that binds to three somatostatin receptor subtypes (sst 2/3/5) with significant binding affinity. Analogues of 1 and 4 were synthesized with norcysteine (Ncy), homocysteine (Hcy), or D-homocysteine (DHcy) at positions 3 and/or 14. Introducing Ncy at positions 3 and 14 constrained the backbone flexibility, resulting in loss of binding affinity at all sst s. The introduction of Hcy at positions 3 and 14 improved selectivity for sst 2 as a result of significant loss of binding affinity at the other sst s. Substitution by DHcy at position 3 in the antagonist scaffold (5), on the other hand, resulted in a significant loss of binding affinity at sst 2 and sst 3 as compared to the different affinities of the parent compound (4). The 3D NMR structures of the analogues in dimethylsulfoxide are consistent with the observed binding affinities.
In vitro detection of occult bone marrow metastases in patients with colorectal cancer hepatic metastases (1998)

Presence or absence of presumed occult colorectal cancer cells in the bone marrow of patients with isolated hepatic metastases is biologically interesting, but not useful in selecting or altering patient management.
Structural joint inversion on irregular meshes (2019)

SUMMARY Structural joint inversion of several data sets on an irregular mesh requires appropriate coupling operators. To date, joint inversion algorithms are primarily designed for the use on regular rectilinear grids and impose structural similarity in the direct neighbourhood of a cell only. We introduce a novel scheme for calculating cross-gradient operators based on a correlation model that allows to define the operator size by imposing physical length scales. We demonstrate that the proposed cross-gradient operators are largely decoupled from the discretization of the modelling domain, which is particularly important for irregular meshes where cell sizes vary. Our structural joint inversion algorithm is applied to a synthetic electrical resistivity tomography and ground penetrating radar 3-D cross-well experiment aiming at imaging two anomalous bodies and extracting the parameter distribution of the geostatistical background models. For both tasks, joint inversion produced superior results compared with individual inversions of the two data sets. Finally, we applied structural joint inversion to two field data sets recorded over a karstified limestone area. By including geological a priori information via the correlation-based operators into the joint inversion, we find P-wave velocity and electrical resistivity tomograms that are in accordance with the expected subsurface geology.
Three-dimensional modeling and assessment of cardiac adipose tissue distribution. (2018)

Objective: The layer of fat that accumulates around the heart, called cardiac adipose tissue (CAT), can influence the development of coronary disease and is indicative of cardiovascular risk. While volumetric assessment of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can quantify CAT, volume alone gives no information about its distribution across the myocardial surface, which may be an important factor in risk assessment. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) modeling technique is developed and used to quantify the distribution of the CAT across the surface of the heart.Methods: Dixon MRI scans, which produce a registered 3D set of fat-only and water-only images, were acquired in 10 subjects for a study on exercise intervention. A previously developed segmentation algorithm was used to identify the heart and CAT. Extracted contours were used to build 3D models. Procrustes analysis was used to register the heart models and an iterative closest point algorithm was used to register and align the CAT models for calculation of CAT thickness. Rays were cast in directions specified by a spherical parameterization of elevation and azimuthal angles, and intersections of the ray with the CAT surface were used to calculate the thickness at each location. To evaluate the effects of the spherical parameterization on the thickness estimates, a set of synthetic models were created with increasing major-to-minor axis ratios.Results: Based on the validation in the synthetic models, the average error in CAT thickness ranged from 1.25% to 17.3% for increasing major-to-minor axis ratio.Conclusions: A process was developed, based on Dixon MRI data, to provide 3D models of the myocardial surface and the cardiac fat. The models can be used in future segmentation algorithm development and for studies on changes in cardiac fat as a result of various interventions.
Tunable single-frequency erbiurn-doped fiber ring laser with 25 GHz channel spacing based on the ITU-T grid (2005)

Discretely tunable single-mode erbium-doped fiber ring laser is fabricated with tuning range over 70 nm in C- and L-band utilizing a Fabry-Perot etalon and a saturable absorber. This matches to ITU-T 25-GHz frequency grid at 361 channels with excellent flatness
Evaluation of aging polymer insulator in EdF's test (2002)

In this report, the EdF's test for the high temperature vulcanized (HTV) silicone rubber insulator was performed up to 2000 hours. Evaluation of the aging sample was performed from measured results such as chemical analysis, hardness and surface roughness during the test. The acceleration factor of a salt-fog test was estimated from alumina trihydrate (ATH) reduction rate on the chemical analysis by comparing with EdF's test results. It was found that the acceleration factor of the salt-fog test under a certain conditions was about 90, which was 6 times higher than that of EdF's test.
Flexibility/complexity trade-offs in payload design (2022)

Before launching constellations of LEO satellites, a careful benchmark the flexibility/complexity of payloads and antenna subsystems shall be done. Orbiting satellites experience a diversity of user distributions. At the same time, low-cost systems are needed to limit the overall cost of launching a megaconstellation. A method has been applied to several multiple-beam antenna architectures in a megaconstellation use case. To benchmark the presented solutions, a method to compare the flexibility of antenna and payload solutions in servicing non-uniform user demand distributions was developed. The method was applied to three payload architectures. These payloads all involved an innovative quasi-optical beamformer as a primary radiator. The three architectures enable beam hopping, beam steering, as well as static resource allocation. A resource allocation algorithm was used to estimate the performances of the BH and beam steering payloads in each scenario. A measure of the non-uniformity of the user distribution is introduced to observe how non-uniformity affects the throughput of each payload solution. The choice for the most appropriate payload depends on the non-uniformity parameter and encountered demands during the satellite orbits and the complexity of each payload architecture. Complexities have in turn been estimated in regards of the mass and power required by each payload. In the considered user distribution scenario, the beam hopping and the beam steering architectures prove to be efficient solutions compared to the architecture with static resource allocation. However, with 1.9 times less mass and 40% less consumed power, the beam hopping architecture appears to be the most adapted payload design.
Wavelength division demultiplexer on a GaAs substrate (1994)

Abstract Due to the material property restrictions of LiNbO3 and III-V compound material systems, a sizable portion of the research work on guided wave devices has been shifted to polymer-based materials. Low material dispersion, flexible material preparation process, unlimited device size, and cost effectiveness are the major factors that cannot be provided using conventional inorganic materials. By definition, a polymer matrix is formed by linking an array of monomers. Therefore, an infinite number of polymeric materials can be generated. The polymeric materials suitable for guided wave device research are those with desired optical and electro-optic properties. In this paper, a graded index (GRIN) polymer-waveguide-based twelve-channel single-mode wavelength division demultiplexer operating at 830, 840, 850, 860, 870, 880, 890, 900, 910, 920, 930, and 940 nm with diffraction angle varying from 20° to 65° is reported for the first time on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate. The GRIN characteristic of the polymer waveguide provides a universal guided wave device fabrication method that is not achievable through the conventional waveguide fabrication techniques. Minimization of the waveguide loss is achieved by an empirical profile tuning process that provides a GRIN layer as the cladding. A crosstalk figure of-20.5 dB and diffraction efficiency up to 55% were experimentally confirmed. The tunability of the waveguide refractive index allows the formation of a GRIN layer. As a result, these active and passive polymer-based guided wave devices can be realized on any substrate of interest. High quality waveguides (loss <0.1 dB/cm) have been made on glass, LiNbO3, fused silica, quartz, PC board, GaAs, Si, Al, Cu, Cr, Au, Kovar, BeO, Al2O3, and ALN.
Evolving Losses for Unsupervised Video Representation Learning (2020)

We present a new method to learn video representations from large-scale unlabeled video data. Ideally, this representation will be generic and transferable, directly usable for new tasks such as action recognition and zero or few-shot learning. We formulate unsupervised representation learning as a multi-modal, multi-task learning problem, where the representations are shared across different modalities via distillation. Further, we introduce the concept of loss function evolution by using an evolutionary search algorithm to automatically find optimal combination of loss functions capturing many (self-supervised) tasks and modalities. Thirdly, we propose an unsupervised representation evaluation metric using distribution matching to a large unlabeled dataset as a prior constraint, based on Zipf's law. This unsupervised constraint, which is not guided by any labeling, produces similar results to weakly-supervised, task-specific ones. The proposed unsupervised representation learning results in a single RGB network and outperforms previous methods. Notably, it is also more effective than several label-based methods (e.g., ImageNet), with the exception of large, fully labeled video datasets.
Copy of Confocal Fluorescence Hyperspectral Imaging of Biological Samples using Multivariate Curve Resolution Analysis Techniques. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
Demonstration of an availability optimization method (1989)

This report presents the results of applying an availability cost optimization methodology at Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO). This methodology, developed under EPRI contract RP2462-1 by ARINC Research Corporation, uses the UNIRAM availability assessment methodology with an optimization routine that addresses the dependencies and possible non-linearities encountered when evaluating candidate availability improvements of power plants. The demonstration analysis was performed in conjunction with a ten-year life extension study being conducted by PEPCO. The analysis resulted in defining an optimized order of selection for those components recommended for improvement in each of the ten years of the improvement program, and included the estimated cost/benefit ratio of each recommended change. The results of the demonstration indicated that the effect of multiple component improvements on the unit level availability is non-linear, and that the order in which improvements are made is important to optimization when changes must be justified individually on a cost/benefit basis or if the final number of improvements to be implemented is subject to change. 3 figs., 22 tabs.
Near-Field Optics for Exceeding Diffraction Limits in Spectroscopy and Microscopy. (1992)

The success of single molecule detection schemes using sheath flow cuvettes as sample cells illustrates the advantage of restricted illumination and probe volume for maximizing detectability or spectroscopy of small objects. The limit to this strategy with conventional optics is diffraction, minimum dimensions of λ/2. The practical limits imposed by physical congestion of optical components may prevent realization of even this limit. The need for optical and spectroscopic characterization of a variety of objects, technological, biological, and chemical, much smaller than λ/2, has driven research toward strategies of optical microscopy with higher resolution.