gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Rearrangement of 2‐Substituted Oxazolines. A Novel Entry to 5,6‐Dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐oxazin‐2‐ones and Morpholin‐2‐ones. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The role of a parental history of Balkan endemic nephropathy in the occurrence of BEN: a prospective study (2012)

Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a chronic kidney disease that affects persons living in the Balkans. Despite the unique geographical specificity of this disease, its etiology has remained unclear. Even if a positive family history of BEN has been identified, it is still uncertain how the disease develops in offspring. In this paper, we examine clinical mechanisms related to the onset of BEN in individuals who have a parental history of BEN to identify early detection of the disease and formulate interventions. We conducted a 5-year prospective study, using markers in years one and three to predict new cases of BEN in year five. New cases of BEN were defined based on three criteria: parental history of BEN, reduced kidney size, and reduced kidney function. Incident cases were divided into (1) probable, (2) definite, and (3) combined labeled total incidence. We evaluated parental history in relation to BEN and tested the potentially intervening effects of kidney length, kidney cortex width, β(2)-microglobulin, C-reactive protein, and creatinine clearance, using path analyses. The findings of the path analyses suggested that parental history of BEN had both direct and indirect effects. The direct effect was significant for all three modes of parental history (biparental, maternal, and paternal; odds ratios 71.5, 52.3, and 50.1, respectively). The indirect effects of maternal BEN acted via kidney length and creatinine clearance. Biparental BEN was mediated by (1) kidney length and creatinine clearance, and (2) creatinine clearance alone. Paternal BEN had three indirect effects: (1) through kidney length and creatinine clearance, (2) via kidney cortex width and creatinine clearance, and (3) via kidney cortex width only. In conclusion, a family history of BEN led to reduced kidney length and cortex width, and a decline in creatinine clearance, which in turn predicted the onset of BEN.
High-power red lasers for DVD-RAM drives (1999)

High-power (greater than 50 mW) and high-temperature (greater than 70 degrees Celsius) operation of 650 nm-band AlGaInP lasers are required as light sources for high-density and recordable optical disk memory systems. However, there remains the problems such as small band-offset in the conduction band and facet degradation in AlGaInP material system which limit the high-power and high-temperature operation. This paper presents new techniques in order to achieve such high performance lasers: Window-mirror structure and real index guided structure.
Structure-Based Identification of Ureas as Novel Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) Inhibitors (2013)

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is a promising anticancer target. Virtual screening identified a thiourea analogue, compound 5, as a novel highly potent Nampt inhibitor. Guided by the cocrystal structure of 5, SAR exploration revealed that the corresponding urea compound 7 exhibited similar potency with an improved solubility profile. These studies also indicated that a 3-pyridyl group was the preferred substituent at one inhibitor terminus and also identified a urea moiety as the optimal linker to the remainder of the inhibitor structure. Further SAR optimization of the other inhibitor terminus ultimately yielded compound 50 as a urea-containing Nampt inhibitor which exhibited excellent biochemical and cellular potency (enzyme IC50 = 0.007 μM; A2780 IC50 = 0.032 μM). Compound 50 also showed excellent in vivo antitumor efficacy when dosed orally in an A2780 ovarian tumor xenograft model (TGI of 97% was observed on day 17).
Alleviation of 1, N 6 -ethanoadenine genotoxicity by the Escherichia coli adaptive response protein AlkB (2007)

1,N(6)-ethanoadenine (EA) forms through the reaction of adenine in DNA with the antitumor agent 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, a chemotherapeutic used to combat various brain, head, and neck tumors. Previous studies of the toxic and mutagenic properties of the DNA adduct EA have been limited to in vitro experiments using mammalian polymerases and have revealed the lesion to be both miscoding and genotoxic. This work explores lesion bypass and mutagenicity of EA replicated in vivo and demonstrates that EA is neither toxic nor mutagenic in wild-type Escherichia coli. Although the base excision repair glycosylase enzymes of both humans and E. coli possess a weak ability to act on the lesion in vitro, an in vivo repair pathway has not yet been demonstrated. Here we show that an enzyme mechanistically unrelated to DNA glycosylases, the adaptive response protein AlkB, is capable of acting on EA via its canonical mechanism of oxidative dealkylation. The reaction alleviates the unrepaired adduct's potent toxicity through metabolism at the C8 position (attached to N1 of adenine), producing a nontoxic and weakly mutagenic N(6) adduct. AlkB is shown here to be a geno-protective agent that reduces the toxicity of DNA damage by converting the primary adduct to a less toxic secondary product.
Minimally invasive surgery task decomposition--etymology of endoscopic suturing. (2003)

The analogy between Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) and the human language inspires the decomposition of a surgical task into its primary elements. The frequency of different elements or words" and their sequential associations or "grammar" both hold critical information about the process and outcome of the procedure. Modeling these sequential element expressions using a multi finite states model (Markov model) reveals the grammatical structure of the surgical task and is utilized as one of the key steps in objectively assessing surgical performance. The experimental protocol included 30 surgeons at different levels of training (5xR1,R2,R3,R4,R5, and experts) performing Laparoscopic suturing on an animal model (pig). The kinematics and dynamics of left and right endoscopic tools along with the visual view of the surgical scene were acquired by the Blue DRAGON system. The methodology of decomposing the surgical task is based on a fully connected, finite-states (30 states) Markov model (MM) where the left and right hands are represented by 15 states each. In addition to the MM objective analysis, a scoring protocol was used by an expert surgeon to subjectively assess the subjects' technical performance. An objective learning curve was defined based on measuring quantitative statistical distance (similarity) between MM of experts and MM of residents at different levels of training. The objective learning curve (e.g. statistical distance between MM) was similar to that of the subjective performance analysis. The MM proved to be a powerful and compact mathematical model for decomposing a complex task such as laparoscopic suturing. Systems like surgical robots or virtual reality simulators that inherently measure the kinematics and dynamics of the surgical tool may benefit from inclusion of the proposed methodology for analysis of efficacy and objective evaluation of surgical skills during training.
Anisotropic janus magnetic polymeric nanoparticles prepared via miniemulsion polymerization (2013)

Anisotropic Janus magnetic polymeric nanoparticles are prepared via the miniemulsion polymerization of styrene and acrylic acid monomers in the presence of oleic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The controllable phase separation between the polymer matrix and the encapsulated MNPs is a key success factor to produce Janus morphology. The effects of MNPs, 2,2′-azobis(2-isobutyronitrile) and sodium dodecyl sulfate contents, on the morphology, chemical composition and colloidal stability of the prepared Janus hybrid particles are investigated. Besides the determination of polymerization conversion, zeta potential, size analysis, TGA, and TEM are applied for characterization of the anisotropic particles. The results show the stable spherical Janus particles containing MNPs (15 wt % magnetic content) located on one side of each polymer particle. The anisotropic submicron Janus magnetic polymeric particles (250 nm) can be easily separated by an external magnet. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 4779–4785
Effects of presulfidization on the selectivity and surface structure of ruthenium catalysts (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of presulfidization on the selectivity and surface structure of ruthenium catalystsR. A. Cocco and B. J. TatarchukCite this: Langmuir 1989, 5, 6, 1309–1315Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00090a005https://doi.org/10.1021/la00090a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pitfalls in Posterior Fossa CT Scanning: An Illustrative Case Report (1981)

SUMMARY: A case is described thai illustrates the difficulties involved with the interpretation of postoperative posterior fossa CT scans. The reasons for the difficulties are discussed and the pertinent literature reviewed.
Fabrication of a ZnSe-Based Vertical Fabry-Perot Cavity Using SiO2/TiO2 Multilayer Reflectors and Resonant Emission Characteristics (1994)

We have fabricated a SiO 2 /TiO 2 dielectric multilayer mirror applicable for ZnSe-based surface emitting lasers operating at green to blue spectral regions. The fabricated SiO 2 /TiO 2 dielectric mirrors have exhibited a reasonably high reflectivity, greater than 96% at 493 nm. A photo-pumped ZnCdSe/ZnSe/ZnSSe single quantum well (SQW) with dielectric mirrors has shown the cavity mode emission in the surface normal direction at 10 K.
Engineering Liver Tissues under the Kidney Capsule Site Provides Therapeutic Effects to Hemophilia B Mice (2010)

Recent advances in liver tissue engineering have encouraged further investigation into the evaluation of therapeutic benefits based on animal disease models. In the present study, liver tissues were engineered in coagulation factor IX knockout (FIX-KO) mice, a mouse model of hemophilia B, to determine if the tissue engineering approach would provide therapeutic benefits. Primary hepatocytes were isolated from the liver of wild-type mice and suspended in a mixture of culture medium and extracellular matrix components. The hepatocyte suspension was injected into the space under the bilateral kidney capsules of the FIX-KO mice to engineer liver tissues. The plasma FIX activities (FIX:C) of the untreated FIX-KO mice were undetectable at any time point. In contrast, the liver tissue engineered FIX-KO mice achieved 1.5-2.5% of plasma FIX activities (FIX:C) and this elevated FIX:C level persisted throughout the 90 day experimental period. Significant FIX mRNA expression levels were found in the engineered liver tissues at levels similar to the wild-type livers. The present study demonstrates that liver tissue engineering could provide therapeutic benefits in the treatment of hemophilia B.
A boosted distance metric: application to content based image retrieval and classification of digitized histopathology (2009)

Distance metrics are often used as a way to compare the similarity of two objects, each represented by a set of features in high-dimensional space. The Euclidean metric is a popular distance metric, employed for a variety of applications. Non-Euclidean distance metrics have also been proposed, and the choice of distance metric for any specific application or domain is a non-trivial task. Furthermore, most distance metrics treat each dimension or object feature as having the same relative importance in determining object similarity. In many applications, such as in Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR), where images are quantified and then compared according to their image content, it may be beneficial to utilize a similarity metric where features are weighted according to their ability to distinguish between object classes. In the CBIR paradigm, every image is represented as a vector of quantitative feature values derived from the image content, and a similarity measure is applied to determine which of the database images is most similar to the query. In this work, we present a boosted distance metric (BDM), where individual features are weighted according to their discriminatory power, and compare the performance of this metric to 9 other traditional distance metrics in a CBIR system for digital histopathology. We apply our system to three different breast tissue histology cohorts - (1) 54 breast histology studies corresponding to benign and cancerous images, (2) 36 breast cancer studies corresponding to low and high Bloom-Richardson (BR) grades, and (3) 41 breast cancer studies with high and low levels of lymphocytic infiltration. Over all 3 data cohorts, the BDM performs better compared to 9 traditional metrics, with a greater area under the precision-recall curve. In addition, we performed SVM classification using the BDM along with the traditional metrics, and found that the boosted metric achieves a higher classification accuracy (over 96%) in distinguishing between the tissue classes in each of 3 data cohorts considered. The 10 different similarity metrics were also used to generate similarity matrices between all samples in each of the 3 cohorts. For each cohort, each of the 10 similarity matrices were subjected to normalized cuts, resulting in a reduced dimensional representation of the data samples. The BDM resulted in the best discrimination between tissue classes in the reduced embedding space.
Differences Between Influenza Virus Receptors on Target Cells of Duck and Chicken and Receptor Specificity of the 1997 H5N1 Chicken and Human Influenza Viruses from Hong Kong (2003)

To study whether influenza virus receptors in chickens differ from those in other species, we compared the binding of lectins and influenza viruses with known receptor specificity to cell membranes and gangliosides from epithelial tissues of ducks, chickens, and African green monkeys. We found that chicken cells contained Neu5Ac alpha(2-6)Gal-terminated receptors recognized by Sambucus nigra lectin and by human viruses. This finding explains how some recent H9N2 viruses replicate in chickens despite their human virus-like receptor specificity. Duck virus bound to gangliosides with short sugar chains that were abundant in duck intestine. Human and chicken viruses did not bind to these gangliosides and bound more strongly than duck virus to gangliosides with long sugar chains that were found in chicken intestinal and monkey lung tissues. Chicken and duck viruses also differed by their ability to recognize the structure of the third sugar moiety in Sia2-3Gal-terminated receptors. Chicken viruses preferentially bound to Neu5Ac alpha(2-3)Gal beta(1-4)GlcNAc-containing synthetic sialylglycopolymer, whereas duck viruses displayed a higher affinity for Neu5Ac alpha(2-3)Gal beta(1-3)GalNAc-containing polymer. Our data indicate that sialyloligosaccharide receptors in different avian species are not identical and provide a potential explanation for the differences between the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins of duck and chicken viruses.
MSCCLang: Microsoft Collective Communication Language (2023)

Machine learning models with millions or billions of parameters are increasingly trained and served on large multi-GPU systems. As models grow in size and execute on more GPUs, collective communication becomes a bottleneck. Custom collective algorithms optimized for both particular network topologies and application-specific communication patterns can alleviate this bottleneck and help these applications scale. However, implementing correct and efficient custom algorithms is challenging.
Occam's Razor Applied to Network Topology Inference (2008)

We present a method for inferring the topology of a sensor network given nondiscriminating observations of activity in the monitored region. This is accomplished based on no prior knowledge of the relative locations of the sensors and weak assumptions regarding environmental conditions. Our approach employs a two-level reasoning system made up of a stochastic expectation maximization algorithm and a higher level search strategy employing the principle of Occam's Razor to look for the simplest solution explaining the data. The result of the algorithm is a Markov model describing the behavior of agents in the system and the underlying traffic patterns. Numerical simulations and experimental assessment conducted on a real sensor network suggest that the technique could have promising real-world applications in the area of sensor network self-configuration.
3A1-K05 Differential Pressure Measurementon the Wing of an Ornithopter with Figure of Eight Stroke Trajectory(Bio-Mimetics and Bio-Mechatronics) (2014)

We measured the differential pressures of an ornithopter whose stroke trajectory was a figure of eight. Simultaneously, we visualized the flow around wing surface, and analyzed the differential pressures to connect it. To measure the pressure, we attached a MEMS differential pressure sensor on the wing surface. We designed the ornithopter which could operate a flapping motion and a lead-lag motion at the same time. The ornithopter worked by an electric motor and its flapping frequency was 6-8 Hz. The consequence of this experiment suggests that the peak of the differential pressures and the vortex around wing surface occuur at the same time during the flapping.
Three-Dimensional Metal–Graphene–Nanotube Multifunctional Hybrid Materials (2012)

Graphene was grown directly on porous nickel films, followed by the growth of controlled lengths of vertical carbon nanotube (CNT) forests that seamlessly emanate from the graphene surface. The metal-graphene-CNT structure is used to directly fabricate field-emitter devices and double-layer capacitors. The three-dimensional nanostructured hybrid materials, with better interfacial contacts and volume utilization, can stimulate the development of several energy-efficient technologies.
[Clinical, electrophysiologic and endocrine effects of the perfusion of high doses of TRH in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. (1988)

Eight patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis received 500 mg TRH by IV infusion, at a progressive rate during 3 hours. Only 3 patients noted subjective improvement of strength. Clinical muscular testing and H response study failed to show any change. Moreover modifications of the prolactin, growth hormone, TSH and T3 serum levels raise a question concerning the tolerance with long term utilization of TRH.
Synthesis of a BDPA-TEMPO Biradical (2009)

The synthesis and characterization of a biradical containing a 1,3-bisdiphenylene-2-phenylallyl (BDPA) free radical covalently attached to a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) free radical are described. The synthesis of the biradical is a step toward improved polarizing agents for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP).
Optimized neighbor embeddings for single-image super-resolution (2013)

We describe a self-content single-image super-resolution algorithm based on multi-scale neighbor embeddings of small image patches. Given an input low-resolution patch, we gradually expand its size by relying on local geometric similarities of low- and high-resolution patch spaces under small scaling factors. We characterize the local geometry with K-similar patches taken from an exemplar set and we collect exemplar patch pairs from the input image and its appropriately rescaled versions. While ensuring local images compatibility with an optimization on K, we satisfy image smoothness by patch overlapping. We further enforce global consistency through an adaptive back-projection. Our experimental results show better performance on synthesizing natural looking textures and sharp edges with less artifacts when compared to other methods.
Comparison of the Raman pressure shift and the Raman temperature shift of benzene and diamond with the ruby soale (1990)

Abstract In order to serve as substitute for the pressure ruby scale at high temperature, the breathing mode of bemsens (990 cm−1) and the first order Raman mode of diamond (1333 cm−1) have been studied as a function of pressure and temperature in the range of 0–15 GPa and 25–400°C. The diamond and bensene Raman frequency shifts are shoft to be of valuable use as a pressure scale at high temperature. A further advantage of bensene is to remain a suitable pressure transmitting medium up to 350°C and 15 GP.
Cisplatin−DNA Adducts Inhibit Ribosomal RNA Synthesis by Hijacking the Transcription Factor Human Upstream Binding Factor (1998)

Several eukaryotic cellular proteins recognize DNA modified by the anticancer drug cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) or cis-DDP); among these proteins is a class of DNA-binding molecules containing the HMG (high-mobility group) box DNA recognition motif. We have previously reported the extraordinarily high binding activity to cisplatin adducts by human upstream binding factor (hUBF), an HMG box containing transcription factor that stimulates ribosomal RNA synthesis (Treiber et al. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 5672-5676). In the present study, we discovered that (1) hUBF interacted selectively with DNA lesions formed by therapeutically effective platinum compounds [Pt(en)Cl2] and [Pt(dach)Cl2], in addition to the lesions formed by cis-DDP, suggesting a possible association with their anticancer effect; (2) multiple HMG boxes contributed additively to the hUBF-adduct interaction, providing a possible explanation for the unusually high affinity of hUBF for cis-DDP adducts as compared to the lower affinities of other HMG box proteins; and (3) ribosomal RNA transcription in a reconstituted system is specifically inhibited in the presence of cis-DDP adducts. In this third experiment, a ratio of adducts/promoter of approximately 4:1 completely abolished the transcription activated by hUBF. Taken together, these data lend support to the view that transcription factors involved in cellular growth regulation, such as ribosomal RNA transcription, may be hijacked by cis-DDP adducts resulting in functional inhibition.