gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Attenuation Unit and Its Use in Measuring Attenuation in Alkali Halides (1960)

An instrument for measurement of ultrasonic attenuation and velocity in the frequency range from 5–200 mc/sec is described. The unit incorporates pulsed rf oscillator, superheterodyne receiver, exponential wave-form generator, precision time delay generator (useful in velocity measurements), CRT display circuits, and appropriate synchronization circuits. Ultrasonic attenuation measurements made in single crystals of NaCl and KCl during deformation and recovery at several temperatures are reported here.
On Histocompatibility Barriers, Th1 to Th2 Immune Deviation, and the Nature of the Allograft Responses (1998)

In the present study, we have sought to determine the basis for the frequent failure of Th1 to Th2 immune deviation to blunt the severity of allograft rejection, as such immune deviation has proven highly effective in the treatment of several T cell-dependent autoimmune states. Our study demonstrates that treating islet allograft recipient mice with anti-IL-12 mAb is highly effective in producing Th1 to Th2 immune deviation in several model systems (i.e., fully MHC, partially MHC, or multiple minor Ag barriers). Nevertheless, anti-IL-12 failed to prolong the engraftment of fully MHC-mismatched islet allografts. However, anti-IL-12-treated recipients carrying MHC-matched but multiple minor Ag-mismatched allografts experienced prolonged engraftment; allograft tolerance was frequently achieved in the DBA/2J (H-2d) to BALB/c (H-2d) strain combination. In another model, in which the host response was dominated by CD4+ T cells responding to donor allopeptides presented upon host APCs in the context of self MHC class II molecules, anti-IL-12 treatment proved to be extremely potent. Thus, Th1 to Th2 immune deviation produces prolonged engraftment as compared with recipients of MHC-mismatched allografts when rejection is dependent upon indirectly presented allogeneic peptides and a reduced mass of responding alloreactive T cells.
Batch sojourn time in the processor sharing queue with geometric batch size (2021)

In this paper, we analyze the sojourn time of an entire batch in a M[X]/M/1 processor sharing queue, where geometrically distributed batches arrive according to a Poisson process and individual jobs require exponentially distributed service times. By conditioning on the number of jobs in the queue and the number of jobs in a tagged batch, we establish recurrence relations for conditional sojourn times, which subsequently allow us to derive a partial differential equation for an associated bivariate generating function. This equation involves an unknown generating function, whose series expansion can be computed by solving an infinite lower triangular linear system. Once this unknown function is determined, we determine the Laplace transform and the mean value of the sojourn time of a batch in the system.
The cytotoxic early protein 77 of mycobacteriophage L5 interacts with MSMEG_3532, an L‐serine dehydratase of Mycobacterium smegmatis (2011)

Mycobacteriophage L5 is a temperate phage infecting a broad range of mycobacterial species. Upon induction of lytic growth, L5 rapidly switches off host protein synthesis. We have recently identified the mycobacteriophage L5 early protein gp77 as a host shut-off protein that acts growth inhibitory in the mycobacterial host when expressed through the corresponding phage promoter. Here we present data showing that this purified phage protein of unknown function specifically binds to protein MSMEG_3532 when incubated with cell lysates of Mycobacterium smegmatis. This interaction was confirmed by pull-down assays using purified MSMEG_3532 as bait which co-purified with gp77. The amino acid sequence of MSMEG_3532 is nearly identical to that of threonine dehydratases, serine dehydratases and an L-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase. An enzymatic assay identified this host protein as a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent L-serine dehydratase (SdhA) which converts L-serine to pyruvate. This is the first biochemical characterization of a SdhA derived from mycobacteria. Though the addition of purified gp77 to the established in vitro assay had no influence on SdhA activity at a saturating L-serine concentration, the specific interaction of phage protein and dehydratase in vivo may well have a role in altering the amino acid pool or the products of amino acid metabolism in favour of phage maturation.
Experimental investigations on the combustion behavior of methane–air mixtures in a micro-scale radial combustor configuration (2007)

Experimental investigations on combustion stability limits for methane–air mixtures in a radial micro-scale combustor configuration are herein reported. To study the flame stability characteristics in this radial combustor configuration, two circular quartz plates were arranged parallel to each other and a fuel–air mixture was supplied at the center of the plates. The plates were externally heated to create a positive temperature gradient condition in the flow direction to simplify the heat recirculation process through the solid walls. The fuel–air mixture emanating from the center was subjected to a positive wall temperature gradient and a negative velocity gradient in the radial combustor configuration. Various stable and unstable flame propagation modes were observed during the experimental investigations. The appearance of these modes was a strong function of mixture flow rate, channel width, temperature distribution and mixture equivalence ratio. The effects of wall temperature and mixture equivalence ratios were investigated for a range of mixture flow rates. These investigations showed that the combustion zone moved linearly outward with the increase in the mixture flow rate. At intermediate channel widths (∼2.5 mm), an unstable combustion mode appeared. In this combustion mode, large-scale random fluctuations in flame radius were observed along with the leakage of large amounts of unburnt fuel. Exhaust gas analysis was carried out to compare the combustion performance in stable and unstable combustion modes. Based on the experimental investigations, recommendations are made to facilitate the efficient design of a combustor for micro gas turbine applications.
Supplementary Data from Exploiting Natural Killer Cell Engagers to Control Pediatric B-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

Supplementary Data from Exploiting Natural Killer Cell Engagers to Control Pediatric B-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Weaving security aspects into UML 2.0 design models (2009)

Security plays a predominant role in software engineering. Nowadays, security solutions are generally added to existing software either as an afterthought, or manually injected into software applications. However, given the complexity and pervasiveness of today's software systems, the current practices might not be completely satisfactory. In most cases, security features remain scattered and tangled throughout the entire software, resulting in complex applications that are hard to understand and maintain. In this paper, we propose an aspect-oriented modeling approach to systematically integrate security solutions into software during the early phases of the software development life cycle. First, we present the security design weaving approach, as well as the UML profile needed for specifying security aspects. Then, we illustrate the approach through an example for injecting the design-level security aspects into base models.
Oct4-Induced Reprogramming Is Required for Adult Brain Neural Stem Cell Differentiation into Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons (2011)

Neural stem cells (NSCs) lose their competency to generate region-specific neuronal populations at an early stage during embryonic brain development. Here we investigated whether epigenetic modifications can reverse the regional restriction of mouse adult brain subventricular zone (SVZ) NSCs. Using a variety of chemicals that interfere with DNA methylation and histone acetylation, we showed that such epigenetic modifications increased neuronal differentiation but did not enable specific regional patterning, such as midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neuron generation. Only after Oct-4 overexpression did adult NSCs acquire a pluripotent state that allowed differentiation into midbrain DA neurons. DA neurons derived from Oct4-reprogrammed NSCs improved behavioural motor deficits in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) upon intrastriatal transplantation. Here we report for the first time the successful differentiation of SVZ adult NSCs into functional regionspecific midbrain DA neurons, by means of Oct-4 induced pluripotency.
Mechanical Properties in vivo Aging of Polymer Cable used in Spinal Fusion (2004)

Since damages metal cable the spinal some tissue during operation, ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene (UHMWPE) cable is being used now-a-days for spinal fusion. Aging effect its use in vivo has been reported yet. This study also shows the constant breaking-strength and breaking-strain properties of UHMWPE cable. Specimen of cable of 200mm length was implanted under skin of mouse for different periods. The implant periods were for one week, two weeks, one month, three months, six months and twelve months. Tensile test of the specimen were performed at the room temperature using MTS testing machine and the respective breaking-strength and breaking-strain were measured. The breaking-strength and breaking-strain of the specimens were found unchanged, which shows that UHMWPE remained intact in vivo.
Pulse Distortion in Fiber Optic Bundles (1971)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text V. N. Smiley, H. F. Taylor, A. L. Lewis, and D. J. Albares, "Pulse Distortion in Fiber Optic Bundles," Appl. Opt. 10, 2543-2545 (1971) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
CO2-Induced Displacement of Na+ and K+ in Zeolite |NaK|-A (2018)

Adsorption technologies offer opportunities to remove CO2 from gas mixtures, and zeolite A has good properties that include a high capacity for the adsorption of CO2. It has been argued that its abilities to separate CO2 from N2 in flue gas and CO2 from CH4 in raw biogas can be further enhanced by replacing Na+ with K+ in the controlling pore window apertures. In this study, several compositions of |Na12–xKx|-A were prepared and studied with respect to the adsorption of CO2, N2, and CH4, and the detailed structural changes were induced by the adsorption of CO2. The adsorption of CO2 gradually decreased on an increasing content of K+, whereas the adsorption of N2 and CH4 was completely nulled already at relatively small contents of K+. Of the studied samples, |Na9K3|-A exhibited the highest CO2 over N2/CH4 selectivities, with α(CO2/N2) > 21 000 and α(CO2/CH4) > 8000. For samples with and without adsorbed CO2, analyses of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data revealed that K+ preferred to substitute Na+ at the eight-ring sites. The Na+ ions at the six-ring sites were gradually replaced by K+ on an increasing K+ content, and these sites split into two positions on both sides of the six-ring mirror plane. It was observed that both the eight-ring and six-ring sites tailored the maximum adsorption capacity for CO2 and possibly also the diffusion of CO2 into the α-cavities of |Na12–xKx|-A. The adsorption of CH4 and N2 on the other hand appeared to be controlled by the K+ ions blocking the eight-ring windows. The in situ PXRD study revealed that the positions of the extra-framework cations were displaced into the α-cavities of |Na12–xKx|-A on the adsorption of CO2. For samples with a low content of K+, the repositioning of the cations was consistent with a mutual attraction with the adsorbed CO2 molecules.
Use of cell-free circulating RNA (cfRNA) levels in plasma and expression of HER2 and PD-L1 to monitor disease status in metastatic cancer patients. (2018)

e15013 Background: Analysis ofcell-free circulating tumor RNA (cfRNA) extracted from plasma of cancer patients (pts) provides a means of measuring dynamic changes in gene expression as well as levels of cfRNA, allowing us the evaluation of disease status and prediction of outcomes to anti-tumoral therapy. Methods: Blood was drawn from pts under various treatments (tx) every 6-8 weeks, at the same time that CT scans were done. CfRNA was extracted from the resulting plasma and reverse transcribed with random hexamers to cDNA. Levels of cfRNA were quantitated by RT-qPCR and correlated with pt response (CR/PR/SD/PD), as determined by CT scans. Results: 96 pts (48 breast, 30 lung and 18 colon cancer) were enrolled in a 2-year study. Breast: 34 pts completed the first two cycles of tx. Of these, 8/11 pts with PD showed increasing (INC) levels of cfRNA, 16/17 pts with SD showed either no change (NC) or a decrease (DEC) in levels of cfRNA, and 4/6 pts with PR had DEC cfRNA (82% concordance between cfRNA and pt response). Of pts with PR, 3 were treated with HER2 inhibitors and in 2 of these pts, HER2 cfRNA expression levels disappeared. Lung: 23 pts completed the first two cycles of tx. Of these, 6/8 pts with PD showed INC levels of cfRNA, 8/12 pts with SD showed either NC or DEC cfRNA, and 3/3 pts with PR had DEC cfRNA, corresponding to 74% concordance between cfRNA and pt response. Among 7 pts treated with immunotherapy, 3/3 pts with PD showed INC PD-L1 expression (PDL-1), 3/3 pts with SD had NC in PD-L1, and 1 pt with PR showed DEC PD-L1, corresponding to 100% correlation between PD-L1 and response. Colon: 11/18 pts completed the first 2 cycles. Of these, 2/3 pts with PD showed INC cfRNA, and 3/4 pts with SD showed DEC cfRNA, as did 4/4 pts with PR (82% concordance between cfRNA and response). Conclusions: A significant concordance was observed between clinical response and changes in cfRNA levels in breast, lung and colon cancer pts (82%, 74% and 82%). Levels of PD-L1 correlated with response in 7/7 lung pts, and HER2 expression correlated with response in 2/3 breast pts. We conclude that cfRNA levels can indicate tx response, and PD-L1 and HER2 could be used to monitor response to immunotherapy and HER2 inhibitors.
Structure and Emergence of Specific Olfactory Glomeruli in the Mouse (2001)

Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) expressing a given odorant receptor (OR) gene project their axons to a few specific glomeruli that reside at recognizable locations in the olfactory bulb. Connecting approximately 1000 populations of OSNs to the approximately 1800 glomeruli of the mouse bulb poses a formidable wiring problem. Additional progress in understanding the mechanisms of neuronal connectivity is dependent on knowing how these axonal pathways are organized and how they form during development. Here we have applied a genetic approach to this problem. We have constructed by gene targeting novel strains of mice in which either all OSNs or those that express a specific OR gene, M72 or M71, also produce green fluorescent protein (GFP) or a fusion of tau with GFP. We visualized OSNs and their axons in whole mounts with two-photon laser scanning microscopy. The main conclusion we draw from the three-dimensional reconstructions is the high degree of morphological variability of mature glomeruli receiving axonal input from OR-expressing OSNs and of the pathways taken by the axons to those glomeruli. We also observe that axons of OR-expressing OSNs do not innervate nearby glomeruli in mature mice. Postnatally, a tangle of axons from M72-expressing OSNs occupies a large surface area of the bulb and coalesces abruptly into a protoglomerulus at a reproducible stage of development. These results differ in several aspects from those reported for the development of glomeruli receiving input from OSNs expressing the P2 OR, suggesting the need for a more systematic examination of OR-specific glomeruli.
Endoscopic versus Surgical Treatment for Chronic Pancreatitis (2007)

Comment
Supplementary Figure 15 from Sensitive Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Patients Treated for Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;MRD testing results in early stage breast cancer cohort. (A) Detection limits versus the number of SNVs tracked for each cfDNA sample. (B) Comparison of fingerprint size distributions between patients that were MRD+ at any time point and those that were always MRD-, split by distant recurrence status. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine whether MRD+ patients tracked significantly more mutations than MRD- patients. (C) Tumor fractions for MRD+ samples from patients with distant recurrence split by the minimum fingerprint size required to still detect MRD.&lt;/p&gt;
Influence of the hierarchical architecture of multi-core iron oxide nanoflowers on their magnetic properties (2023)

Abstract Magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are controlled mainly by their particle size and by their particle size distribution. Magnetic properties of multi-core iron oxide nanoparticles, often called iron oxide nanoflowers (IONFs), are additionally affected by the interaction of magnetic moments between neighboring cores. The knowledge about the hierarchical structure of IONFs is therefore essential for understanding the magnetic properties of IONFs. In this contribution,the architecture of multi-core IONFs was investigated using correlative multiscale transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction and dynamic light scattering. The multiscale TEM measurements comprised low-resolution and high-resolution imaging as well as geometric phase analysis. The IONFs contained maghemite with the average chemical composition γ-Fe2.72±0.02O4. The metallic vacancies located on the octahedral lattice sites of the spinel ferrite structure were partially ordered. Individual IONFs consisted of several cores showing frequently a specific crystallographic orientation relationship between direct neighbors. This oriented attachment may facilitate the magnetic alignment within the cores. Individual cores were composed of partially coherent nanocrystals having almost the same crystallographic orientation. The sizes of individual constituents revealed by the microstructure analysis were correlated with the magnetic particle sizes that were obtained from fitting the measured magnetization curve by the Langevin function.
Comparison of two voltage control strategies for a wind power plant (2011)

Larger percentages of wind power penetration translate to more demanding requirements from grid codes. Recently, voltage support at the point of connection has been introduced by several grid codes from around the world, thus, making it important to analyze this control when applied to wind power plants. This paper addresses the analysis of two different voltage control strategies for a wind power plant, i.e. decentralized and centralized voltage control schemes. The analysis has been performed using the equivalent and simplified transfer functions of the system. Using this representation, it is possible to investigate the influence of the plant control gain, short circuit ratio, and time delays on the system stability, as well as the fulfillment of the design requirements. The implemented plant voltage control is based on a slope voltage controller, which calculates the references to be sent to the wind turbines, according to the slope gain and the difference between the reference and measured voltage at the point of connection. The results show that for a system where the time delay between the central control and the actuators is not negligible, the performance of a decentralized voltage control is better than the centralized one in terms of time reaction, disturbance rejection, and short-circuit ratio (SCR) dependency. However, for a system with reduced time delay (10 ms) the centralized scheme can have a performance similar to the decentralized one, in the SCR range of interest.
High-dimensional sequence transduction (2012)

We investigate the problem of transforming an input sequence into a high-dimensional output sequence in order to transcribe polyphonic audio music into symbolic notation. We introduce a probabilistic model based on a recurrent neural network that is able to learn realistic output distributions given the input and we devise an efficient algorithm to search for the global mode of that distribution. The resulting method produces musically plausible transcriptions even under high levels of noise and drastically outperforms previous state-of-the-art approaches on five datasets of synthesized sounds and real recordings, approximately halving the test error rate.
Phencyclidine disposition and reversal of toxicity by monoclonal antibody. (1989)

A physiologic model for phencyclidine disposition in the rat was established. This model was able to accurately predict phencyclidine disposition in most rat tissues. Physiologic models are based on actual physiologic, anatomic, and biochemical considerations. As a result, these models can be used to predict drug disposition under conditions of altered physiology or anatomy. This aspect of physiologic modeling was tested in the present study by examining the ability of the model to predict phencyclidine plasma disposition in dog and man. The model developed in this study was able to accurately predict phencyclidine disposition in these species. A primary goal of this project was to evaluate the effects of the administration of an anti-phencyclidine monoclonal antibody on phencyclidine disposition and toxicity in the rat. The monoclonal antibody was produced in murine ascites fluid. The antibody was purified using a recirculating isoelectric focusing apparatus. This method provided a rapid technique which can be used to purify monoclonal antibody from large quantities of ascites fluid, yielding reasonably good antibody recovery and very high purity. Characterization of the antibody showed only moderate affinity and high cross reactivity. Administration of the monoclonal antibody did not significantly alter either phencyclidine disposition or toxicity. While qualitative differences in recovery from phencyclidine-induced toxicity occurred in rats receiving the anti-phencyclidine antibody, these differences failed to be statistically different from control rats. These results may be explained by the poor qualities (moderate affinity, high cross-reactivity) of the monoclonal antibody.