gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Public Access to Genome-Wide Data: Five Views on Balancing Research with Privacy and Protection (2009)

Introductory paragraph: Just over twelve months ago, PLoS Genetics published a paper [1] demonstrating that, given genome-wide genotype data from an individual, it is, in principle, possible to ascertain whether that individual is a member of a larger group defined solely by aggregate genotype frequencies, such as a forensic sample or a cohort of participants in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). As a consequence, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Wellcome Trust agreed to shut down public access not just to individual genotype data but even to aggregate genotype frequency data from each study published using their funding. Reactions to this decision span the full breadth of opinion, from ‘‘too little, too late—the public trust has been breached’’ to ‘‘a heavy-handed bureaucratic response to a practically minimal risk that will unnecessarily inhibit scientific research.’’ Scientific concerns have also been raised over the conditions under which individual identity can truly be accurately determined from GWAS data. These concerns are addressed in two papers published in this month’s issue of PLoS Genetics [2,3]. We received several submissions on this topic and decided to assemble these viewpoints as a contribution to the debate and ask readers to contribute their thoughts through the PLoS online commentary features. Five viewpoints are included. The Public Population Project in Genomics (P3G) is calling for a universal researcher ID with an access permit mechanism for bona fide researchers. The contribution by Catherine Heeney, Naomi Hawkins, Jantina de Vries, Paula Boddington, and Jane Kaye of the University of Oxford Ethox Centre outlines some of the concerns over possible misuse of individual identification in conjunction with medical and family history data, and points out that if geneticists mishandle public trust, it will backfire on their ability to conduct further research. George Church posits that actions directed toward restricting data access are likely to exclude researchers who might provide the most novel insights into the data and instead makes the argument that full disclosure and consent to the release of genomic information should be sought from study participants, rather than making difficult-to-guarantee promises of anonymity. Martin Bobrow weighs the risks and benefits and proposes four steps that represent a middle ground: Retain restricted access for now, make malicious de-identification practices illegal, increase public awareness of the issues, and encourage recognition that scientists have a special professional relationship of trust with study participants. Finally, Bruce Weir provides a commentary on the contribution of the two research articles from Braun et al. [2] and Visscher and Hill [3].
Paclitaxel-coated balloons - Survey of preclinical data. (2010)

Restenosis following interventions in the coronary or peripheral arteries develops over weeks to months. In coronary arteries the restenosis rate has been markedly reduced since the advent of drug-eluting stents. Non-stent-based methods for local drug delivery enable restenosis inhibition without the need for stent implantation, does not permanently change the structure of the vessel, are repeatable, and seems to be applicable where drug-eluting stents provide insufficient protection. Preclinical data indicate that short exposure of the vessel wall to a lipophilic inhibitor of cell proliferation is sufficient for preventing restenosis. Initial evidence to this effect emerged from an investigation of paclitaxel embedded in a matrix that enhances the solubility and release of the agent from the balloon coating as well as its transfer to the vessel wall. Further corroborating data from preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating a reduction in late lumen loss and lower restenosis rates led to the market introduction of a variety of paclitaxel-coated angioplasty balloons. The effectiveness of restenosis inhibition is not determined by the active agent alone. Other factors that are crucial for the effectiveness and safety of drug-coated angioplasty balloons are the formulation containing the agent and the coating technique. In this review we first outline the development of paclitaxel-coated balloons to then provide an overview of the preclinical results obtained with different paclitaxel-coated balloons and finally compare these with the outcome in patients. The article concludes with a short outlook on initial results with a zotarolimus-coated angioplasty balloon.
Using Dendritic Cells as therapeutic or prophylactic vaccine against HCV (2007)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a promising tool for therapeutic and / or prophylactic vaccination experiments, considering their multiple functions in immune modulation. We used bone-marrow derived dendritic cells from BALB/c mice loaded with pseudo particles from the hepatitis C virus (HCVpp) to vaccinate native BALB/c mice. HCVpp consists of the two (genotype 1b) envelope proteins E1 and E2, covering a non-HCV core structure. Thus, not a single epitope, but the whole “viral surface“ induces immunogenicity. HCV E1/E2 pseudo particles were successfully established, demonstrated by dot blot and Huh–7 transduction assay. Then, syngenic BALB/c DCs were ex vivo loaded with HCVpp, after a course of 8 day maturation with GMCS-F and IL–4. For vaccination mature and activated DCs were injected intra peritoneal. To increase immune responses, the BALB/c mice were boosted by the same procedure two weeks after the first immunisation event. Humoral and cellular immune responses were measured by ELISA, ELISPOT and CTL assay. Our results indicate dendritic cells as promising vaccination model to be tested further, for example by surrogate infection experiments.
How much can be reduced the internal FM antenna of mobiles phones (2010)

The paper introduces both a new internal FM antenna for mobile phones based on the fractal Hilbert curve, and a new evaluation criterion for quantifying the quality of the signal received by the FM antenna of mobile phones. The main attribute of the new internal FM antenna is its reduced size; which is only 30⋆10⋆1 mm3. The measurements demonstrate that the power received by the internal FM antenna is 20 dB lower than the power received by the external wire antenna under the same measurement conditions. Despite the reduction of the power level, the evaluation criterion reveals that, owing to the threshold effect in FM receivers, the signal quality indicator is similar for both antennas. Additionally, the value of the signal quality indicator achieved by both antennas guarantees to listen to the FM radio channels clearly without noise nuisance and without interferences.
Unusual Aryl−Porphyrin Rotational Barriers in Peripherally Crowded Porphyrins (2003)

Previous studies of 5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins have shown that the barrier for meso aryl-porphyrin rotation (DeltaG++(ROT)) varies as a function of the core substituent M and is lower for a small metal (M = Ni) compared to a large metal (M = Zn) and for a dication (M = 4H(2+)) versus a free base porphyrin (M = 2H). This has been attributed to changes in the nonplanar distortion of the porphyrin ring and the deformability of the macrocycle caused by the core substituent. In the present work, X-ray crystallography, molecular mechanics (MM) calculations, and variable temperature (VT) (1)H NMR spectroscopy are used to examine the relationship between the aryl-porphyrin rotational barrier and the core substituent M in some novel 2,3,5,7,8,10,12,13,15,17,18,20-dodecaarylporphyrins (DArPs), and specifically in some 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaphenylporphyrins (TArOPPs), where steric crowding of the peripheral groups always results in a very nonplanar macrocycle. X-ray structures of DArPs indicate differences in the nonplanar conformation of the macrocycle as a function of M, with saddle conformations being observed for M = Zn, 2H or M = 4H(2+) and saddle and/or ruffle conformations for M = Ni. VT NMR studies show that the effect of protonation in the TArOPPs is to increase DeltaG++(ROT), which is the opposite of the effect seen for the TArPs, and MM calculations also predict a strikingly high barrier for the TArOPPs when M = 4H(2+). These and other findings suggest that the aryl-porphyrin rotational barriers in the DArPs are closely linked to the deformability of the macrocycle along a nonplanar distortion mode which moves the substituent being rotated out of the porphyrin plane.
Fluorescence Properties of Penta‐ and Hexacoordinate Coumarin Silicates – Unusual Behavior of Sodium Tris(4‐methylcoumarin‐6,7‐diolato)silicate in Solvent Mixtures (2009)

Abstract Fluorescent penta‐ and hexacoordinate silicates were synthesized from 6,7‐dihydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarin (4‐methylesculetin, 4‐ME), tetramethyl orthosilicate and substituted aminopropylsilanes, respectively. Extinction coefficients, Stokes shifts, and quantum yields of fluorescence were determined and compared with 4‐ME. Optical properties of these compounds are sensitive to the polarity of solvents. The fluorescence quenching was investigated in methanol/water mixtures. The title compound sodium tris(4‐methylcoumarin‐6,7‐diolato)silicate ( 4 ) shows different behavior from all other compounds investigated.
Magnetic properties of nd-fe-b HDDR thin hot pressed magnet (2005)

Fully dense magnets prepared by hot pressing of the hydrogenation-decomposition-desorption-recombination (HDDR)-processed powders have very fine microstructures. We investigated the magnetic properties and the surface morphology of the machined HDDR thin hot pressed magnets. In the performance of the machined thin hot pressed magnets, it is hard to get the influence of thickness and almost not get the influence of damage by surface roughness. The long-term stabilities were investigated and the total irreversible flux loss of a high coercivity hot pressed magnet at 423 K was -1.3% after 1000 h. The HDDR hot pressed magnets make it possible to stabilize the magnetic properties of thin Nd-Fe-B magnets.
Low-loss and high-extinction-ratio silica-based strictly nonblocking 16/spl times/16 thermooptic matrix switch (1998)

A low-loss and high-extinction-ratio silica-based 16/spl times/16 thermooptic matrix switch is demonstrated. The switch, which employs a double Mach-Zehnder interferometer switching unit and a matrix arrangement which reduces the total waveguide length, is fabricated with 0.75% refractive index difference waveguides on a 6-in silicon wafer. The average insertion loss and the average extinction ratio are 6.6 and 55 dB, respectively. The total power consumption is 17 W.
Objective Performance Evaluation of the HEVC Main Still Picture Profile (2014)

The first version of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard was approved by both ITU-T and ISO/IEC in 2013 and includes three profiles: Main and Main 10 for typical video data with 8 and 10 bits, respectively, as well as a profile referred to as Main Still Picture (MSP) profile. Apparently, the MSP profile extends the HEVC application space toward still images which, in turn, brings up the question of how this HEVC profile performs relative to existing still image coding technologies. This paper aims at addressing this question from a coding-efficiency point-of-view by presenting a rate-distortion performance analysis of the HEVC MSP profile in comparison to other popular still image and video compression schemes, including JPEG, JPEG 2000, JPEG XR, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, VP8, VP9, and WebP. In summary, it can be stated that the HEVC MSP profile provides average bit-rate savings in the range from 10% to 44% relative to the whole set of competing video and still image compression schemes when averaged over a representative test set of photographic still images. Compared with Baseline JPEG alone, the average bit-rate saving for the HEVC MSP profile is 44%.
Micromechanical resonators with integrated optical waveguides for sensing applications (2005)

Low-power indium phosphide microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) cantilever resonators with integrated optical waveguides for bio-chemical sensing are presented. Resonant frequencies up to 168.8 kHz (Q=26.5) have been measured in air and mass detection of 510 fg/100 Hz is possible.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Library of Amphipatic Hydantoins. Discovery of New Hits for TRPV1 Blockade (2011)

Some heterocyclic systems, called privileged scaffolds, appear frequently in bioactive products and marketed drugs. The combination of a recognized privileged scaffold (hydantoin) and a functional group with high incidence in bioactive molecules (guanidine) guided the design of a library of amphipatic compounds, which allowed the discovery of novel TRPV1 ion channel blockers. The library was synthesized by parallel solid-phase synthesis from an orthogonally protected resin-bound Lys-Lys skeleton. Key steps of the synthetic procedure were the construction of the hydantoin ring, by reaction of the N-terminal amino group with N,N-disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC) and subsequent base-induced cyclization, and the guanidinylation of the C-terminal Lys side-chain after removal of the Alloc protecting-group. The preliminary biological studies have allowed the identification of some of the key structural features directing the blockage of capsaicin-induced Ca(2+) influx through TRPV1 channels, particularly, the strong preference showed for highly lipophilic acyl groups and substituted guanidine moieties. Active compounds based on this new pharmacophoric scaffold that display in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity.
Temperature-Following Thermal Barrier Coatings for High Efficiency Engines (Final Report) (2022)

HRL Laboratories and General Motors (GM), pursued this effort to increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICEs) by developing and implementing temperature-following thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to decrease heat loss from the combustion chamber. HRL developed microsphere TBCs based on hollow high-temperature alloy spheres with average diameter of 50 μm and wall thickness ~1 μm (microspheres) that achieve unprecedented low thermal conductivity and heat capacity (10X lower than the state of the art) while offering exceptional environmental and mechanical resistance. In current ICEs, approximately 29% of the fuel’s energy is lost to the cooling system and about 22% goes into moving the car. By limiting heat losses from the combustion chamber with insulating coatings, fuel energy can be redirected into additional piston work and into the exhaust stream. The additional energy that goes into the exhaust stream can be turned into useful work through the use of an exhaust energy recovery device, such as turbocompounding and/or through driving a turbocharger to increase the power density of the engine allowing downsizing. Insulating coatings for piston crowns have been pursued in the past, but previous materials—typically ceramics—exhibited low thermal conductivity but retained high heat capacity. Such materials reduce heat losses but stabilize at a high surface temperature. The high surface temperature heats the incoming gases, which lowers volumetric efficiency and increases propensity for knock, resulting in degraded engine performance. This program developed an innovative new material that combines low thermal conductivity with low heat capacity. These unique properties allow it to follow rapid changes in gas temperature during each combustion cycle. A metallic microsphere TBC has been demonstrated that exhibits increased surface temperature during the combustion period, resulting in reduced heat transfer losses, while still returning to a low surface temperature during the gas exchange period. A 10X lower thermal conductivity and heat capacity than state-of-the-art thermal barrier coatings has been demonstrated. These unprecedented thermal properties are achieved through the coating architecture, which consists of closed pores on the microscale and exhibits a total porosity of 90% to 95%. By selecting a high-temperature nickel alloy as the coating material, the ductility and strength of metals can be harnessed to achieve much better durability and damage tolerance than brittle ceramic coatings can achieve.
Energy Efficiency Optimization Through Codesign of the Transmitter and Receiver in High-Speed On-Chip Interconnects (2013)

A novel equalized global link architecture and driver-receiver codesign flow are proposed for high-speed and low-energy on-chip communication by utilizing a continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE). The proposed global link is analyzed using a linear system method, and the formula of CTLE eye opening is derived to provide high-level design guidelines and insights. Compared with the separate driver-receiver design flow, over 50% energy reduction is observed. The final optimal solution achieves 20-Gb/s signaling over 10 mm, 2.6- μm pitch on-chip transmission line with 15.5-ps/mm latency and 0.196-pJ/b energy using 45-nm technology. Monte Carlo simulation also shows that 3 σ/μ for power and delay variation in the proposed global link are 13.1% and 4.6%, respectively.
Secondary Aliphatic Polyether Amines for Polyurea RIM Systems (1992)

The excellent mechanical properties and high productivity of polyurea RIM systems allow for a broad variety of applications in the automo tive industry. Due to their high reactivity, however, these systems can lead to problems concerning the filling of large and complicated molds. Some years ago BASF/Elastogran introduced new polyurea/amide RIM systems (ELASTOLIT® R 4500 RIM series) based on polyether ketimines, which have reduced reactivity in comparison to polyethers with aliphatic pri mary amino end groups. This paper reports on research work for the new ELASTOLIT® R 4500/IF (Improved Flowability) RIM systems which are based on polyethers with secondary amino end groups. While mechanical properties remain at the level known from the polyurea RIM systems, the flowability and processability are superior even when compared to the polyether ketimine systems.
Immune Computation and COVID-19 Mortality: A Rationale for IVIg (2020)

COVID-19 infection tends to be more lethal in older persons than in the young; death results from an overactive inflammatory response, leading to cytokine storm and organ failure. Here we describe immune regulation of the inflammatory response phenotype as emerging from a process that is analogous to machine-learning algorithms used in computers. We briefly describe some strategic similarities between immune learning and computer machine learning. We reason that a balanced response to COVID-19 infection might be induced by treating the elderly patient with a wellness repertoire of antibodies obtained from healthy young people. We propose that a beneficial training set of such antibodies might be administered in the form of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg).
Confined Self-Assembly of Toric Focal Conic Domains (The Effects of Confined Geometry on the Feature Size of Toric Focal Conic Domains) (2009)

A smectic liquid crystal (LC) containing a rigid biphenyl group and semifluorinated chains exhibits a high density of toric focal conic domains (TFCDs) arranged in an ordered array when confined within a microchannel. The formation of the TFCDs is strongly influenced by the width (W) and depth (h) of the confined microchannels, most importantly, by the channel depth. We studied a broad variety of microchannels, with varying width in the range of 3-200 mum and depth in the range of 2-10 mum. The radius of the TFCDs increases with increases in the width until the saturated radius is achieved, which is determined by the depth of the channel. We used the elastic-anchoring model of TFCD formation to explain the experimental observations. The model allows one to trace the dependence of the TFCD radius on the channel depth h, to explain why the TFCDs do not form in channels that are too shallow or too narrow.
Iron aluminide useful as electrical resistance heating elements (2023)

The invention relates generally to aluminum containing iron-base alloys useful as electrical resistance heating elements. The aluminum containing iron-base alloys have improved room temperature ductility, electrical resistivity, cyclic fatigue resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance, low and high temperature strength, and/or resistance to high temperature sagging. The alloy has an entirely ferritic microstructure which is free of austenite and includes, in weight %, over 4% Al, .ltoreq.1% Cr and either .gtoreq.0.05% Zr or ZrO.sub.2 stringers extending perpendicular to an exposed surface of the heating element or .gtoreq.0.1% oxide dispersoid particles. The alloy can contain 14-32% Al, .ltoreq.2% Ti, .ltoreq.2% Mo, .ltoreq.1% Zr, .ltoreq.1% C, .ltoreq.0.1% B, .ltoreq.30% oxide dispersoid and/or electrically insulating or electrically conductive covalent ceramic particles, .ltoreq.1% rare earth metal, .ltoreq.1% oxygen, .ltoreq.3% Cu, balance Fe.
Precision Medicine for CRC Patients in the Veteran Population: State-of-the-Art, Challenges and Research Directions (2018)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for ~9% of all cancers in the Veteran population, a fact which has focused a great deal of the attention of the VA's research and development efforts. A field-based meeting of CRC experts was convened to discuss both challenges and opportunities in precision medicine for CRC. This group, designated as the VA Colorectal Cancer Cell-genomics Consortium (VA4C), discussed advances in CRC biology, biomarkers, and imaging for early detection and prevention. There was also a discussion of precision treatment involving fluorescence-guided surgery, targeted chemotherapies and immunotherapies, and personalized cancer treatment approaches. The overarching goal was to identify modalities that might ultimately lead to personalized cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes the findings of this VA field-based meeting, in which much of the current knowledge on CRC prescreening and treatment was discussed. It was concluded that there is a need and an opportunity to identify new targets for both the prevention of CRC and the development of effective therapies for advanced disease. Also, developing methods integrating genomic testing with tumoroid-based clinical drug response might lead to more accurate diagnosis and prognostication and more effective personalized treatment of CRC.
Control refinement for discrete-time descriptor systems: a behavioural approach via simulation relations (2017)

The analysis of industrial processes, modelled as descriptor systems, is often computationally hard due to the presence of both algebraic couplings and difference equations of high order. In this paper, we introduce a control refinement notion for these descriptor systems that enables analysis and control design over related reduced-order systems. Utilising the behavioural framework, we extend upon the standard hierarchical control refinement for ordinary systems and allow for algebraic couplings inherent to descriptor systems.
Universal DC-DC converter using SEPIC (2011)

E-ISBN : 978-90-75815-15-3 Print ISBN: 978-1-61284-167-0
Sub-wavelength 12.6nm Resolution Using a Tabletop High Harmonic Coherent Diffractive Microscope (2017)

We demonstrate the first general, sub-wavelength EUV diffraction imaging results using a 13.5nm high-harmonic light source. A novel modulus enforced probe technique is developed and implemented allowing quantitative imaging of nearly periodic objects.