gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction (EDXRD): An Effective in-Situ Approach for Spatial Resolution of Electrode Reactions (2016)

Energy dispersive x-ray diffraction (EDXRD) presents a special opportunity to achieve spatial resolution of an electrochemical process within the electrode inside a functioning electrochemical cell, providing the opportunity for tomographic-like data analysis. White beam radiation coupled with a synchrotron “wiggler” insertion device emits high energy radiation which can penetrate bulk engineering materials such as steel, enabling in-situ measurement of conventionally designed prototype and production level batteries. Unlike other in-situ methods, EDXRD does not require the use of a modified or special cell design. Rather, the method enables a direct probe of electrode reactions in cells fully encased in their steel housings. These studies used a family of Ag x VO y (PO 4 ) z materials as model systems to provide insights into the electrochemical reduction process for inherently poorly conducting phosphate and diphosphate based cathode materials. The systems proved to be particularly well suited for EDXRD in-situ studies as the Ag 0 metal product formed on reduction could be detected in small amounts. In-situ EDXRD was measured at several x-direction locations in several stainless steel coin cells with Ag x VO y (PO 4 ) z cathodes discharged to different depths of discharge under several rates. At each location spectra were collected in increments through the thickness of the electrode. The presence of Ag 0 as a reduction product in silver vanadium phosphate cathodes had been verified ex situ using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy experiments. However, in situ measurements of the Ag 0 provided the opportunity for further insight into the electrochemical reduction mechanism, regarding the location and distribution of the reduction products.
Attenuation of Free-Surface Multiples from Marine Pressure and Pressure Gradient (2003)

P192 ATTENUATION OF FREE-SURFACE MULTIPLES FROM MARINE PRESSURE AND PRESSURE GRADIENT Abstract 1 A new method for seismic free-surface multiple elimination that can be applied to towed streamer data is presented. The multiple attenuation scheme combines pressure recordings along one or several cables with the vertical pressure gradient (or the vertical component of the particle velocity) to form upgoing and downgoing wavefields at the streamer level. From the downgoing data component a deterministic deconvolution operator is calculated. Applying the deconvolution operator to the upgoing field component free-surface multiples are attenuated and the data are designatured. Introduction LASSE AMUNDSEN 1 2
14 MHz organic diodes fabricated using photolithographic processes (2007)

Organic semiconductor-based Schottky diodes operating at 14MHz, fabricated using conventional photolithographic and etching processes, have been demonstrated. Copper phthalocyanine is the semiconductor, with gold and aluminum as the Ohmic and Schottky contacts, respectively. The organic diode based rectifier circuit generated a dc output voltage of approximately 2V at 14MHz, using an input ac signal with a zero-to-peak voltage amplitude of 5V. These devices showed little degradation under continuous ac voltage stress when operated in vacuum.
Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles as the Major Driver of and Explanation for Neuropathogenesis, the Cholinergic Hypothesis, Iron Dyshomeostasis, and Salivary Lactoferrin in Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a primary oral pathogen in the widespread biofilm-induced "chronic" multi-systems inflammatory disease(s) including Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is possibly the only second identified unique example of a biological extremophile in the human body. Having a better understanding of the key microbiological and genetic mechanisms of its pathogenesis and disease induction are central to its future diagnosis, treatment, and possible prevention. The published literature around the role of Pg in AD highlights the bacteria's direct role within the brain to cause disease. The available evidence, although somewhat adopted, does not fully support this as the major process. There are alternative pathogenic/virulence features associated with Pg that have been overlooked and may better explain the pathogenic processes found in the "infection hypothesis" of AD. A better explanation is offered here for the discrepancy in the relatively low amounts of "Pg bacteria" residing in the brain compared to the rather florid amounts and broad distribution of one or more of its major bacterial protein toxins. Related to this, the "Gingipains Hypothesis", AD-related iron dyshomeostasis, and the early reduced salivary lactoferrin, along with the resurrection of the Cholinergic Hypothesis may now be integrated into one working model. The current paper suggests the highly evolved and developed Type IX secretory cargo system of Pg producing outer membrane vesicles may better explain the observed diseases. Thus it is hoped this paper can provide a unifying model for the sporadic form of AD and guide the direction of research, treatment, and possible prevention.
Residual stress optimization in FeAlN pole materials (2000)

RF-diode reactively sputtered FeAlN films, which are good candidates for high-density write head pole materials, usually have very large compressive residual stresses. In this paper we describe our efforts to lower the residual stress, and study the effects of lowered stress on the magnetic properties of the FeAlN films. It is found that increasing the total sputtering pressure while keeping the optimum Fe to N arrival flux ratio constant can lower the residual stress. The films with lowered residual stress, however, are more susceptible to the formation of stripe domains, which are detrimental to the magnetic properties. In order to avoid these stripe domains, the thickness of the film should not exceed the critical stripe domain onset thickness. For applications where thicker films are desired, we demonstrate that laminating single layer films whose thicknesses do not exceed the critical thickness produces films with good magnetic properties and acceptable residual stress.
System Model for Average Downlink SINR in 5G Multi-Beam Networks (2019)

To study critical 5G mobility features like zero-millisecond interruption time and multi-connectivity, an average downlink Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) is needed for radio link failure detection and throughput calculation. This paper presents an accurate approximation of the average downlink SINR with low computational complexity in 5G networks where the base station forms multiple beams simultaneously. To this end, geometry-based link budget is formulated first for both desired and interfering downlink signals. Then, a closed form expression of the average downlink SINR is derived for multi-beam scheduling system and approximated by Monte-Carlo experiment using beam scheduling probabilities. In addition, the SINR model is derived for both strict and opportunistic resource fair scheduler where the latter targets a higher utilization of radio resources. Results have revealed that with increasing number of scheduled beams, the average downlink SINR generally degrades while the network throughput improves. Moreover, it has been also shown that the opportunistic resource fair scheduler performs better than the strict in terms of utilizing available network resources.
Combined use of metagenomic sequencing and host response profiling for the diagnosis of suspected sepsis (2019)

ABSTRACT Background Current diagnostic techniques are inadequate for rapid microbial diagnosis and optimal management of patients with suspected sepsis. We assessed the clinical impact of three powerful molecular diagnostic methods. Methods With blood samples from 200 consecutive patients with suspected sepsis, we evaluated 1) metagenomic shotgun sequencing together with a Bayesian inference approach for contaminant sequence removal, for detecting bacterial DNA; 2) viral capture sequencing; and 3) transcript-based host response profiling for classifying patients as infected or not, and if infected, with bacteria or viruses. We then evaluated changes in diagnostic decision-making among three expert physicians by unblinding the results of these methods in a staged fashion. Results Metagenomic shotgun sequencing confirmed positive blood culture results in 14 of 26 patients. In 17 of 200 patients, metagenomic sequencing and viral capture sequencing revealed organisms that were 1) not detected by conventional hospital tests within 5 days after presentation, and 2) classified as of probable clinical relevance by physician consensus. Host response profiling led at least two of three physicians to change their diagnostic decisions in 46 of 100 patients. The data suggested possible bacterial DNA translocation in 8 patients who were originally classified by physicians as noninfected and illustrate how host response profiling can guide interpretation of metagenomic shotgun sequencing results. Conclusions The integration of host response profiling, metagenomic shotgun sequencing, and viral capture sequencing enhances the utility of each, and may improve the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected sepsis.
Dual Blockade of Misfolded Alpha-Sarcoglycan Degradation by Bortezomib and Givinostat Combination (2022)

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type R3 (LGMD R3) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a progressive proximal muscle weakness and caused by mutations in the <i>SGCA</i> gene encoding alpha-sarcoglycan (α-SG). Here, we report the results of a mechanistic screening ascertaining the molecular mechanisms involved in the degradation of the most prevalent misfolded R77C-α-SG protein. We performed a combinatorial study to identify drugs potentializing the effect of a low dose of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib on the R77C-α-SG degradation inhibition. Analysis of the screening associated to artificial intelligence-based predictive ADMET characterization of the hits led to identification of the HDAC inhibitor givinostat as potential therapeutical candidate. Functional characterization revealed that givinostat effect was related to autophagic pathway inhibition, unveiling new theories concerning degradation pathways of misfolded SG proteins. Beyond the identification of a new therapeutic option for LGMD R3 patients, our results shed light on the potential repurposing of givinostat for the treatment of other genetic diseases sharing similar protein degradation defects such as LGMD R5 and cystic fibrosis.
Methodology to achieve planar technology-like ESD performance in FINFET process (2015)

Method for making Finfet ESD performance comparable to bulk planar ESD devices is demonstrated using a simple but effective process. Low FIN silicon volume compared to their counterparts in bulk planar process is compensated with the additional deep implants. The selected ESD devices in Finfet process show competitive ESD performance without any significant cost adder.
Microstructure of two-phase random media. III. The n-point matrix probability functions for fully penetrable spheres (1983)

We examine the n-point matrix probability functions Sn (which give the probability of finding n points in the matrix phase of a two-phase random medium), for a model in which the included material consists of fully penetrable spheres of equal diameter (i.e., a system of identical spheres such that their centers are randomly distributed in the matrix). Exploiting the special simplicity of the model we give an explicit closed-form expression for S3 as well as sharp bounds on S3 and S4. Our best lower bound on S3 and our corresponding upper bound on S4 satisfy certain asymptotic forms (for both small and large separation of points) that are satisfied by the exact S3 and S4 for impenetrable as well as penetrable spheres, even though the bounding properties of our expressions can only be guaranteed for penetrable spheres. These expressions (and the resulting approximation for S4 in terms of S1 and S2 obtained from them) are thus highly appropriate approximants for both systems to be used in composite-media transport-coefficient expressions that involve integrals over the Sn. The S3 expression has in fact been suggested some time ago by Weissberg and Prager; our methods here provide further justification for this expression as well as one means of systematically generalizing it to Sn for higher n.
Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Prevents Phagocytosis of Vibrio anguillarum by Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Skin Epithelial Cells (2012)

Colonization of host tissues is a first step taken by many pathogens during the initial stages of infection. Despite the impact of bacterial disease on wild and farmed fish, only a few direct studies have characterized bacterial factors required for colonization of fish tissues. In this study, using live-cell and confocal microscopy, rainbow trout skin epithelial cells, the main structural component of the skin epidermis, were demonstrated to phagocytize bacteria. Mutant analyses showed that the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum required the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen to evade phagocytosis and that O-antigen transport required the putative wzm-wzt-wbhA operon, which encodes two ABC polysaccharide transporter proteins and a methyltransferase. Pretreatment of the epithelial cells with mannose prevented phagocytosis of V. anguillarum suggesting that a mannose receptor is involved in the uptake process. In addition, the O-antigen transport mutants could not colonize the skin but they did colonize the intestines of rainbow trout. The O-antigen polysaccharides were also shown to aid resistance to the antimicrobial factors, lysozyme and polymyxin B. In summary, rainbow trout skin epithelial cells play a role in the fish innate immunity by clearing bacteria from the skin epidermis. In defense, V. anguillarum utilizes O-antigen polysaccharides to evade phagocytosis by the epithelial cells allowing it to colonize rapidly fish skin tissues.
Is it Alzheimer's disease or something else? (2005)

PREVIEWPatients who have the classic combination of progressive memory loss and problems retrieving stored knowledge that is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease may actually have another, treatable disorder. In these cases, appropriate evaluation can reveal the true diagnosis and guide therapy to stabilize or improve thinking and avert other complications. In this article, Dr Barrett explores 10 conditions that may be mistaken for Alzheimer's disease.
The Algebraic Essence of K-Rep. (1996)

The modal description logic AEA:/C both constitutes a promising frame- work for reasoning about actions and allows for the formalization of several non-first-order aspects of KR systems based on DLs. However, other non- monotonic features of DL-based KR systems, in particular role and concept closure inside the knowledge base, lack an intuitive formalization in this modal framework. To overcome these diffi- culties, we propose a modification of the semantics for .A£CIC, which con- sists in allowing selective minimization of primitive concepts and roles, thus providing for a correct formalization of the notion of role and concept closure.
High speed performance of PM machine with reconfigurable winding (2015)

This paper examines high speed performance of a permanent magnet (PM) machine with a reconfigurable winding (RW). First, the variations of machine parameters due to winding reconfiguration are presented and their impacts on drive system performance are investigated. To further understand system behavior, the reconfigurable ratio is set as a variable, and its effect on saliency ratio, flux weakening range, torque, output power and losses are studied in detail. Saturation effect is also taken into account. To verify the simulation analysis, a PM machine with reconfigurable winding was built and tested in a lab. The test results show that RW system can achieve up to 84% power boost with 57% copper loss reduction in high speed.
Oxygen‐transfer rates and efficiencies in one‐ and two‐stage airlift towers (1979)

Abstract The primary consideration in fermentor design is the supply of oxygen to the growing microorganisms. The oxygen‐transfer characteristics of a two‐stage splitcylinder airlift tower were compared to those of a similar single‐stage airlift tower of equal liquid volume using a sodium sulfite–air system. At superficial gas velocities, from 720 to 1200 cm/min, no difference in K L a was apparent. The K L a was significantly larger in the two‐stage tower for a gas velocity between 1200 and 2728 cm/min. At 2728 cm/min a K L a of 25.2 min −1 was achieved in the two‐stage system, and at 2262 cm/min the two‐stage tower had a 54% larger K L a than the single stage. A comparison of dispersion‐volume based K L a showed a 27% larger value at a gas velocity of 2262 cm/min. The performance ratios for the two‐stage tower were larger than those for the single‐stage tower at oxygen‐transfer rates greater than 180 mmol/liter hr. A comparison of the data with literature values is presented.
Poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)- and dextran-bound protoheme mono[N-[3-(imidazol-1-yl)propyl]amide] and mono[N-[5-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)pentyl]amide] and their reversible oxygen binding in an aqueous medium (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)- and dextran-bound protoheme mono[N-[3-(imidazol-1-yl)propyl]amide] and mono[N-[5-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)pentyl]amide] and their reversible oxygen binding in an aqueous mediumHiroyuki Nishide, Makoto Yuasa, Etsuo Hasegawa, and Eishun TsuchidaCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 8, 1913–1917Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00174a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00174a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High‐Throughput Fabrication, Performance Testing, and Characterization of One‐Dimensional Libraries of Polymeric Compositions (2003)

Abstract A new general approach for rapid performance‐screening of polymer compositions is provided. Multiple compositions are generated as one‐dimensional libraries in a microextruder with step‐ or gradient‐composition changes in 2–10 g of polymer in &lt; 1 min. To accelerate testing, environmental stress is applied to only local regions, followed by high‐sensitivity spatially resolved characterization. We applied our methodology for weathering of arrays of polymeric compositions and provided ranking of polymer/UV absorber compositions equivalent to traditional weathering data while achieved 20 times faster. Sampling and measurement strategies for HT analysis of combinatorial 1D polymeric libraries: (1) spectroscopic monitoring of chemical properties, (2) in‐situ monitoring of mass and viscoelastic properties, (3) scanning spectroscopic analysis, and (4) spectroscopic imaging of a coiled polymeric array. magnified image Sampling and measurement strategies for HT analysis of combinatorial 1D polymeric libraries: (1) spectroscopic monitoring of chemical properties, (2) in‐situ monitoring of mass and viscoelastic properties, (3) scanning spectroscopic analysis, and (4) spectroscopic imaging of a coiled polymeric array.
Self-optimizing distributed trees (2008)

We present a novel protocol for restructuring a tree- based overlay network in response to the workload of the application running over it. Through low-cost restructuring operations, our protocol incrementally adapts the tree so as to bring nodes that tend to communicate with one another closer together in the tree. It achieves this while respecting degree bounds on nodes so that, e.g., no node degenerates into a "hub" for the overlay. Moreover, it limits restructuring to those parts of the tree over which communication takes place, avoiding restructuring other parts of the tree unnecessarily. We show via experiments on PlanetLab that our protocol can significantly reduce communication latencies in workloads dominated by clusters of communicating nodes.
Pronunciation Diagnosis — What to correct at first in YOUR case? — (2004)

Native-sounding vs. intelligible. This has been a controversial issue for a long time in lan-guage learning and many teachers claim that intelligible pronunciation should be the goal. What is the physical definition of intelligibility? The current work shows a very good candi-date answer to this question. The first author proposed a new paradigm of observing speech acoustics based upon structural phonology, where all the kinds of speech events are viewed as an entire structure and this structure was shown to be mathematically invariant with any static non-linguistic features such as age, gender, size, shape, microphone, room, line, and so on. This acoustic structure is purely linguistic and the phoneme-level structure is regarded as the pronunciation structure of individual students. This structure is matched with another linguis-tic structure, the lexical structure of the target language, and degree of compatibility between the two different levels of structures is calculated, which is defined as the intelligibility in this work. To increase the intelligibility, different instructions should be prepared for different stu-dents because no two students are the same. The phonological structure can be divided into some sub-structures. By evaluating which sub-structure causes the largest damage when com-municating in the target language with the student’s phonological structure, the instruction is automatically generated on what to correct at first in his/her case.
Exploiting nonlinear dynamics in a coupled-core fluxgate magnetometer (2008)

Unforced bistable dynamical systems having dynamics of the general form cannot oscillate (i.e. switch between their stable attractors). However, a number of such systems subject to carefully crafted coupling schemes have been shown to exhibit oscillatory behavior under carefully chosen operating conditions. This behavior, in turn, affords a new mechanism for the detection and quantification of target signals having magnitude far smaller than the energy barrier height in the potential energy function U(x) for a single (uncoupled) element. The coupling-induced oscillations are a feature that appears to be universal in systems described by bi- or multi-stable potential energy functions U(x), and are being exploited in a new class of dynamical sensors being developed by us. In this work we describe one of these devices, a coupled-core fluxgate magnetometer (CCFM), whose operation is underpinned by this dynamic behavior. We provide an overview of the underlying dynamics and, also, quantify the performance of our test device; in particular, we provide a quantitative performance comparison to a conventional (single-core) fluxgate magnetometer via a 'resolution' parameter that embodies the device sensitivity (the slope of its input–output transfer characteristic) as well as the noise floor.