gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proteasome-dependent autoregulation of Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) promoter via NF-κB (2008)

Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) is critical for B-cell development. Btk regulates a plethora of signaling proteins, among them nuclear factor-[kappa]B (NF-kappaB). Activation of NF-kappaB is a hallmark of B cells, and NF-kappaB signaling is severely compromised in Btk deficiency. We here present strong evidence indicating that NF-kappaB is required for efficient transcription of the Btk gene. First, we found that proteasome blockers and inhibitors of NF-kappaB signaling suppress Btk transcription and intracellular expression. Similar to Btk, proteasome inhibitors also reduced the expression of other members of this family of kinases, Itk, Bmx, and Tec. Second, 2 functional NF-kappaB-binding sites were found in the Btk promoter. Moreover, in live mice, by hydrodynamic transfection, we show that bortezomib (a blocker of proteasomes and NF-kappaB signaling), as well as NF-kappaB binding sequence-oligonucleotide decoys block Btk transcription. We also demonstrate that Btk induces NF-kappaB activity in mice. Collectively, we show that Btk uses a positive autoregulatory feedback mechanism to stimulate transcription from its own promoter via NF-kappaB.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Identification of Promiscuous KIF20A Long Peptides Bearing Both CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell Epitopes: KIF20A-Specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell Immunity in Patients with Malignant Tumor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2 - PDF file 39K, Induction of KIF20A-LPs-specific Th cells from healthy donors&lt;/p&gt;
System-wide power management control via clock distribution network (2023)

An apparatus, method and computer program product for automatically controlling power dissipation of a parallel computing system that includes a plurality of processors. A computing device issues a command to the parallel computing system. A clock pulse-width modulator encodes the command in a system clock signal to be distributed to the plurality of processors. The plurality of processors in the parallel computing system receive the system clock signal including the encoded command, and adjusts power dissipation according to the encoded command.
Optimum Selection of H2S Scavenger in Light-Weight and Heavy-Weight Water-Based Drilling Fluids (2021)

During hydrocarbon drilling operations, the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) gas could cause serious health and safety issues. Scavenging this gas and eliminating its impact are essential requirements for a safe drilling operation. This study investigated the impact of three H<sub>2</sub>S scavenger additives (copper nitrate, iron gluconate, and potassium permanganate) on water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs). The additives were tested on two actual field drilling mud samples that differ mainly in their weight. The scavengers' impact on drilling muds was investigated by measuring their scavenging capacity and their effect on rheology, fluid loss, and pH. Potassium permanganate outperformed the other scavengers when added to the lighter (lower density) WBDF. However, it did not impact the scavenging capacity of the heavier mud system. Copper nitrate outperformed the other scavengers in the heavier drilling mud system. Also, the addition of copper nitrate in the lighter mud system increased its H<sub>2</sub>S-scavenging capacity greatly, while for iron gluconate, it did not perform very well. Overall, all the scavenger-containing drilling muds did not have any significant harmful impact on the plastic viscosity or the fluid loss properties of the drilling muds. Furthermore, all the tested drilling mud samples showed an excellent ability to clean wellbores and suspend drill cuttings evident by the high carrying capacity with the exception of iron gluconate or potassium permanganate with the heavy mud system.
A comprehensive antigen production and characterization study for easy-to-implement, highly specific and quantitative SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays (2021)

Abstract Antibody tests are essential tools to investigate humoral immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection. While first-generation antibody tests have primarily provided qualitative results with low specificity, accurate seroprevalence studies and tracking of antibody levels over time require highly specific, sensitive and quantitative test setups. Here, we describe two quantitative ELISA antibody tests based on the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain and the nucleocapsid protein. Comparative expression in bacterial, insect, mammalian and plant-based platforms enabled the identification of new antigen designs with superior quality and high suitability as diagnostic reagents. Both tests scored excellently in clinical validations with multi-centric specificity and sensitivity cohorts and showed unprecedented correlation with SARS-CoV-2 neutralization titers. Orthogonal testing increased assay specificity to 99.8%, thereby enabling robust serodiagnosis in low-prevalence settings. The inclusion of a calibrator permits accurate quantitative monitoring of antibody concentrations in samples collected at different time points during the acute and convalescent phase of COVID-19.
Modélisation numérique : Quel développement durable ? (2010)

National audience
Loss of the liver X receptor LXRα/β in peripheral sensory neurons modifies energy expenditure (2015)

Peripheral neural sensory mechanisms play a crucial role in metabolic regulation but less is known about the mechanisms underlying vagal sensing itself. Recently, we identified an enrichment of liver X receptor alpha and beta (LXRα/β) in the nodose ganglia of the vagus nerve. In this study, we show mice lacking LXRα/β in peripheral sensory neurons have increased energy expenditure and weight loss when fed a Western diet (WD). Our findings suggest that the ability to metabolize and sense cholesterol and/or fatty acids in peripheral neurons is an important requirement for physiological adaptations to WDs.
Epstein-Barr Virus Strains With Latent Membrane Protein-1 Deletions: Prevalence in the Italian Population and High Association With Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Related Hodgkin's Disease (1997)

Six Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphoproliferative disorders were investigated to verify whether the EBV strain harbored by neoplastic cells had the same EBNA-2 and latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) DNA sequences of the virus carried by normal lymphocytes of the same patients. Within each case, the analysis of neoplastic lymph nodes, reactive lymphadenopathies, and/or EBV+ spontaneous lymphoblastoid cell lines gave concordant results with respect to type-specific EBNA-2 region and LMP-1 gene. In particular, five cases showed the same deletion in the 3' end of the LMP-1 gene in both normal and neoplastic cells. We also determined the prevalence of LMP-1 deletions in a large series of normal peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) from Italian individuals. The analysis showed that 50% (9 of 18) of PBMCs from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative donors carried a 30-bp deletion in the C-terminal portion of the LMP-1 gene, whereas a nondeleted fragment was amplified in about 44% (8 of 18) of the cases. Only one sample (5.6%) showed the amplification of a full-length LMP-1 band together with a deleted fragment. Similarly, PBMCs from HIV-infected patients showed an almost equivalent prevalence of full-length (17 of 37, 46%) and deleted (16 of 37, 43.2%) LMP-1 fragments, whereas about 11% of samples (4 of 37) showed evidence of double infections. Of note, deletions in the LMP-1 gene were detected with similar prevalence values in EBV+ Hodgkin's disease (HD) (13 of 30, 43.3%) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (2 of 5, 40%) cases from HIV-seronegative patients and in HIV-related, EBV+ NHLs (4 of 7, 57.1%). Conversely, a 30-bp LMP-1 deletion was found in 10 of 12 HIV-associated HD cases (83%), a prevalence significantly higher than that detected in HIV-unrelated HD (P = .01). These findings indicate that: (1) the same EBV strain carrying LMP-1 deletions is harbored by normal and neoplastic cells of patients with EBV+ disorders, ruling out that these mutations might result from immunoselection phenomena; (2) in the Italian population, the prevalence of LMP-1 deletion mutants is comparable to that of EBV strains with full-length LMP-1; (3) HIV-induced immunosuppression is not associated with an increased prevalence of LMP-1 deletions in PBMCs; and (4) HIV-related HD cases, but not those of HIV-seronegative Italian patients, are closely correlated with the presence of LMP-1 deletions, suggesting that infection with these strains may increase the risk of developing HD in the HIV setting.
Rules vs tools (2007)

Modern IC manufacturing processes are enormously complex. There are at least two possible approaches for dealing with this. On the one hand, we can come up with a relatively small number of specific structures that are known to work. This simplifies the design problem enormously, but limits, to at least some extent, what we can build. On the far extreme, we can model every step of the manufacturing process in gory detail. This allows a sufficiently motivated and intelligent designer to achieve the highest performance of which a process is capable, but at a huge cost in complexity. Many intermediate solutions are of course possible. Our panelists, as befits their varied backgrounds, will stake out different positions along the complexity-performance tradeoff, and argue that their position is the true sweet spot, where the bulk of IC design should be done.
A 31-$\mu$ W, 148-fs Step, 9-bit Capacitor-DAC-Based Constant-Slope Digital-to-Time Converter in 28-nm CMOS (2019)

This article proposes a power-efficient highly linear capacitor-array-based digital-to-time converter (DTC) using a charge redistribution constant-slope approach. A fringe-capacitor-based digital-to-analog converter (C-DAC) array is used to regulate the starting supply voltage of the constant discharging slope fed to a fixed-threshold comparator. The DTC operation mechanism is analyzed and design tradeoffs are investigated. The proposed DTC consumes merely 31 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from a 1-V supply when clocked at 40 MHz, while achieving a fine resolution of 148 fs over a 9-bit range. The measured differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) are 0.96/1.07 LSB.
Distributed Routing, Relay Selection, and Spectrum Allocation in Cognitive and Cooperative Ad Hoc Networks (2010)

Throughput maximization is one of the main challenges in cognitive radio ad hoc networks, where the availability of local spectrum resources may change from time to time and hop-by-hop. Cooperative transmission exploits spatial diversity without multiple antennas at each node to increase capacity with reliability guarantees. This idea is particularly attractive in wireless environments due to the diverse channel quality and the limited energy and bandwidth resources. With cooperation, source node and relay node cooperatively transmit data to the destination. In such a virtual multiple antenna transmission system, the capacity of the cooperative link is much larger than that of the direct link from source to destination. In this paper, we will study decentralized and localized algorithms for joint dynamic routing, relay assignment, and spectrum allocation under a distributed and dynamic environment.
Acoustic coordinated reset therapy for tinnitus with perceptually relevant frequency spacing and levels (2019)

Acoustic coordinated reset (CR) therapy based on neuromodulation and neuroplasticity principles has been proposed for the treatment of tonal tinnitus. The original therapy involved periodic delivery of randomly ordered sequences of four low-level tones centered around the frequency of a tone that matched the tinnitus pitch, f<sub>T</sub>, with fixed ratios relative to f<sub>T</sub> and delivered several hours/day over several weeks. Here we transform the original CR tone selection method to a more perceptually-relevant equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB) frequency scale, the ERB<sub>N</sub>-number scale. Specifically, we provide a mathematical model that enables calculation of CR tones that accounts for f<sub>T</sub>- and hearing loss-related ERB widening and ERB overlaps and gaps of CR tone alignments. Further, the model ensures symmetric CR tone alignments based on modelling studies that indicate the effect is optimal if the CR stimuli are symmetrically spaced relative to the tinnitus-related population of abnormally synchronized cortical neurons to activate the adjacent sub-populations. We also present experimentally testable ERB-based CR tone alignment strategies and explain how to use the ERB-based model in experiments, clinical studies, other types of tinnitus sound treatment such as tailor-made notch music training and limitations of our approach.
Dynamic shader lamps : painting on movable objects (2002)

The authors present a Dynamic Spatially Augmented Reality system for augmenting movable 3D objects in an indoor environment using multiple projectors. We describe a real-time system for applying virtual paint and textures to real objects simply by direct physical manipulation of the object and a "paint brush" stylus. We track the objects and the "paint brush", and illuminate the objects with images that remain registered as they move, to create the illusion of material properties. The system is simple to use and we hope it may herald new applications in diverse fields such as visualization, tele-immersion, art and architecture. The system currently works with tracked objects whose geometry was pre-acquired and models created manually, but it is possible to extend it by adding cameras to the environment, to acquire object geometry automatically and use vision-based tracking for the object and paintbrush. Plus colour plates.
Adhesion of nickel–titanium shape memory alloy wires to thermoplastic materials: theory and experiments (2012)

We present a combined experimental/theoretical study aimed at enhancing adhesion between a NiTi wire and a thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) matrix in which it is embedded. NiTi wire surfaces were subjected to the following surface treatments prior to pull-out tests: (i) treatment with an acid etch or chemical conversion coating and (ii) application of a surface microgeometry to enhance mechanical interlocking between the wire and the TPO matrix. Nanometer to micron-scale NiTi wire surface features were examined with atomic force microscopy. The extent to which each treatment increased the pull-out force was quantified. Existing theoretical models of wire pull-out based upon strength of materials and linear elastic fracture mechanics are reviewed. Results from a finite element model (FEM), wherein the NiTi/TPO matrix interface is modeled with a cohesive zone model, suggest that the interface behavior strongly depends on the cohesive energy. The FEM model properly accounts for energy dissipation at the debonding front and inelastic deformation in a NiTi wire during pull-out. We demonstrate that residual stresses from the molding process significantly influence mode mixity at the debonding front.
Discharge properties and chemical stability of SrZrO films (2010)

Abstract— MgO thin film is currently used as a surface protective layer for dielectric materials because MgO has a high resistance during ion sputtering and exhibits effective secondary electron emission. The secondary‐electron‐emission coefficient γ of MgO is high for Ne ions; however, it is low for Xe ions. The Xe content of the discharge gas of PDPs needs to be raised in order to increase the luminous efficiency. Thus, the development of high‐γ materials replacing MgO is required. The discharge properties and chemical surface stability of SrO containing Zr (SrZrO) as the candidate high‐γ protective layer for noble PDPs have been characterized. SrZrO films have superior chemical stability, especially the resistance to carbonation because of the existence of a few adsorption sites due to their amorphous structure. The firing voltage is 60 V lower than that of MgO films for a discharge gas of Ne/Xe = 85/15 at 60 kPa.
Processing and Dielectric Properties of Nanocomposite Thin Film “Supercapacitors” for High-Frequency Embedded Decoupling (2007)

The embedded decoupling capacitor problem has been pursued by several groups and industry around the world over the past decade. Currently, popular ceramic-polymer composites can only provide limited capacitance, typically within 10 nF/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . With the reliability and processing constraints imposed, the capacitance density would be much lower. Newer capacitor concepts such as supercapacitors can overcome the limitations of existing polymer based capacitors and are now being considered. These concepts rely on nanostructured electrodes for high surface area per unit volume resulting in ultrahigh capacitance densities and unconventional polarization mechanisms such as electrical double layer and interfacial polarization. Supercapacitive structures lead to ultrahigh capacitance densities of the order of hundreds of microfarads. However, manufacturers report that the properties are unstable at high frequencies, typically even at tens of megahertz. To adapt these structures for mid-to-high-frequency decoupling, it is hence essential to systematically characterize the high-frequency dielectric properties of the thin nanocomposite films and nanostructured electrodes. This paper reports complete electrical characterization of a part of such a system, carbon black-epoxy nanocomposites. The high-frequency properties of the cured films were evaluated with a multiline calibration technique by measuring -parameters of transmission lines fabricated on the top of the dielectrics. Though the nanostructured carbon black epoxy composites showed high dielectric constant of 1000 at low frequencies, the high frequency (0.5-4.5GHz) dielectric constant was found to be only up to 10 times that of the base polymer matrix. The measured dielectric constant at gigahertz frequencies increased from 15-30 when the filler content was increased from 3.8% to 6.5%, with excessive leakage currents. Based on these measurements, conduction and polarization relaxation mechanisms will be assessed and the suitability of the thin film supercapacitors for high-frequency decoupling applications will be discussed.
Strategic design and synthesis of novel tridentate bipyridine pyrazolate coupled Ru(ii) complexes to achieve superior solar conversion efficiency (2009)

A new series of tridentate bipyridine pyrazolate coupled Ru(II) complexes CK1, CK2, HY1 and HY2 were strategically designed and synthesized. In comparison to N719, CK2 and HY2 achieved the original proposal of obtaining an absorption extinction coefficient ranging from 350 to ∼550 nm, accompanied by lowering of the lowest lying energy gap. These advantages allow us to reduce the thickness of the TiO2 layer, resulting in great suppression of the dark current and hence an increase of Voc. Upon optimization, HY2 attained η = 8.07, Jsc = 15.81 mA cm−2, Voc = 753 mV and FF = 0.678, the results of which are equivalent to that of N719 (η = 8.02, Jsc = 15.70 mA cm−2, Voc = 765 mV and FF = 0.668) maximized in this study.
Nonlinear absorption in Silicon at mid-infrared wavelengths (2013)

We report strong nonlinear absorption in silicon at wavelengths between 2.6 µm and 4.5 µm. The results indicate that nonlinear absorption can limit the performance of silicon nonlinear waveguides in the mid infrared.
Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Inhibition of NT5C2 Reverses Genetic and Nongenetic Drivers of 6-MP Resistance in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Inhibition of NT5C2 Reverses Genetic and Nongenetic Drivers of 6-MP Resistance in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Anomalous Behavior of Acoustic Attenuation in Ge: Sb under [001] Magnetic Field (1983)

Magnetic field effect on the acoustic attenuation at 0.83 and 3.35 GHz in 0.45 and 1.7×10 16 Sb/cm 3 doped Ge was measured in tlte [001] magnetic field up to 60 kG at liquid He temperatures. The experimental results are summarized as follows: (1) The attenuation decreases with the field and shows a minimtun at 27 kG and then increases. (2) The position of the minimum point is nearly independent of the donor concentration, the temperature, and the frequency. (3) The magnitude of the effect shows a sub-linear dependence on the donor concentration. The experimental results were compared with a theoretical calculation based on the shrinkage effect of the donor wave function to the phonon scattering by the neutral donor electrons at the ground state. The theory explains the decrease of the attenuation at lower fields, but does not explain the anomalous increase at higher fields.
Water-Only Look-Locker Inversion recovery (WOLLI) T 1 mapping (2022)

Abstract Purpose Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery (MOLLI) and Shortened MOLLI (ShMOLLI) T 1 values can deviate substantially from the water T 1 in voxels containing large amounts of water and fat. We introduce Water-Only Look-Locker Inversion recovery (WOLLI) to map water T 1 in tissue containing fat. Theory WOLLI comprises adiabatic water-selective inversion and several balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) readouts, followed immediately by adiabatic fat-selective inversion and bSSFP readout(s). Data are fitted pixel-wise and an adapted Deichmann-Haase saturation-correction gives the water T 1 . Methods We compared two WOLLI protocols (WOLLI-w7f1 and WOLLI-w7f2f1), ShMOLLI and single-voxel spectroscopy at 3T in: simulations, fat/water phantoms, and 12 subjects’ livers. Results In simulations with 0-40% fat fraction, T 1 varied by: &lt;0.5% (WOLLI-w7f1), &lt;12% (WOLLI-w7f2f1), and &gt;100% (MOLLI). In phantoms, the accuracy of the methods (i.e. worst-case T 1w difference vs spectroscopy) was: WOLLI-w7f1 (best, maximum difference of 10.2%), WOLLI-w7f2f1 (max. 10.5%), and ShMOLLI (max. 81.5%). In the liver, the root-mean-squared deviations vs spectroscopy were: 374ms (WOLLI-w7f1), 645ms (WOLLI-w7f2f1), and 700ms (ShMOLLI). Conclusion Compared to ShMOLLI, WOLLI is less influenced by fat, but more by B 0 -inhomogeneity. WOLLI was a clear improvement in phantoms but less so in vivo. WOLLI may be suited to scan organs with high fat content such as the liver.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBON MONOXIDE ACTIVATION BY ORGANOACTINIDES. A COMPARATIVE SYNTHETIC, THERMODYNAMIC, KINETIC, AND MECHANISTIC INVESTIGATION OF MIGRATORY CARBON MONOXIDE INSERTION INTO ACTINIDE‐CARBON AND ACTINIDE‐HYDROGEN BONDS TO YIELD η2‐ACYLS AND η2‐FORMYLS (1985)

Abstract Die Synthese der aufgezeigten Thoriumalkyle und ‐hydride erfolgt hauptsächlich ‐ wie bekannt ‐ durch Alkoholyse der Aktinidalkyle, Metathese von Aktinidhalogeniden mit Li‐Reagentien, Ketoneinlagerung in Aktinidhydridbindungen sowie D/ H‐Austausch mit Aktinidhydriden/deuteriden.
Manifesto for the current understanding and management of traumatic brain injury-induced hypopituitarism. (2012)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced hypopituitarism remains a relevant medical problem, because it may affect a significant proportion of the population. In the last decade important studies have been published investigating pituitary dysfunction after TBI. Recently, a group of experts gathered and revisited the topic of TBI-induced hypopituitarism. During the 2-day meeting, the main issues of this topic were presented and discussed, and current understanding and management of TBI-induced hypopituitarism are summarized here.