gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Genetics of Self-incompatibility in Brassica napus (2000)

Self-incompatibility (SI) is one of the mechanisms evolved by higher plants to promote outbreeding. In Brassica species, SI is controlled sporophytically by a single Mendelian genetic locus, the S -locus. Pollen rejection or acceptance is determined by the parental genotype, and pollen grains carrying the same allele as that present in the stigma are rejected. Among the genes identified so far from different S -haplotypes, the S -locus glycoprotein (SLG) and the S -locus receptor kinase (SRK) have been extensively studied. The current model of SI in Brassica postulates that a highly polymorphic pollen-borne ligand would be specifically recognized by SLG and/or SRK. This would activate a signal transduction pathway leading to rejection of self-pollen. We used a genomic approach in an attempt to identify a putative ligand gene. The S -locus regions of two functional Brassica napusS -haplotypes (910 and A14) were subcloned in Fosmid vectors and sequenced. New transcription units were identified by homology searches in the databases, gene prediction programs and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The current study reports the structural features of both S -locus regions and a functional analysis using a transformation-based assay.
Cys102 and His398 Are Required for Bleomycin-Inactivating Activity but Not for Hexamer Formation of Yeast Bleomycin Hydrolase (1996)

The bleomycin-inactivating enzyme, bleomycin hydrolase, is believed to be involved in tumor resistance to the anticancer drug bleomycin. This homohexamer is an aminopeptidase that shows homology to cysteine proteinases around the cysteine and histidine active site. The role that these residues play in hydrolyzing bleomycin and in hexamer oligomerization of bleomycin hydrolase is not known. In this study, the yeast bleomycin hydrolase gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and site-directed mutagenesis was employed to precisely investigate the roles of the conserved Cys102 and His398 residues in its structure and enzymatic activity. Three mutants were created, in which Cys102 was replaced by arginine or serine, and His398 was changed to glycine. The ability of bleomycin hydrolase to oligomerize was neither affected by the subtle cysteine/serine mutation nor affected by cysteine/arginine or histidine/glycine mutations. However, the ability of bleomycin hydrolase to hydrolyze and inactivate bleomycin was totally abolished in all three mutants, suggesting that the cysteine thiol and histidine imidazole are critical for hydrolyzing bleomycin. Furthermore, in contrast to predictions from the recently reported crystal structure of this enzyme, hexamer formation is not required for the enzymatic activity of bleomycin hydrolase. Thus, these results demonstrate that Cys102 and His398 are required for bleomycin hydrolase activity but not hexamer formation, and that both monomer and hexamer are active forms of bleomycin hydrolase.
Efficient virtual interface architecture (VIA) support for the IBM SP switch-connected NT clusters (2002)

The IBM SP Switch-Connected NT cluster is one the newest clustering platforms available. In this paper, we discuss an experimental implementation of the Virtual Interface Architecture for this platform. We discuss different design issues involved in this implementation. In particular, we explain how the virtual-to-physical address translation can be implemented efficiently with a minimum Network Interface Card (NIC) memory requirement. We show how caching the VIA descriptors on the NIC can reduce the communication latency. We also present an efficient scheme for implementing the VIA door bells without any hardware support. A comprehensive performance evaluation study of the implementation is provided. The performance of the implemented VIA surpasses that of other existing software implementations of the VIA and is comparable to that of a hardware VIA implementation. The peak measured bandwidth for our system is observed to be 101.4 MBytes/s and the one-way latency for short messages is 18.2 microseconds. It is to be noted that the VIA implementation presented in this paper is not a part of any IBM product and no assumptions should be made regarding its availability as a product in the future.
Neural Inspired Computation Remote Sensing Platform. (2019)

Remote sensing (RS) data collection capabilities are rapidly evolving hyper-spectrally (sensing more spectral bands), hyper-temporally (faster sampling rates) and hyper-spatially (increasing number of smaller pixels). Accordingly, sensor technologies have outpaced transmission capa- bilities introducing a need to process more data at the sensor. While many sophisticated data processing capabilities are emerging, power and other hardware requirements for these approaches on conventional electronic systems place them out of context for resource constrained operational environments. To address these limitations, in this research effort we have investigated and char- acterized neural-inspired architectures to determine suitability for implementing RS algorithms In doing so, we have been able to highlight a 100x performance per watt improvement using neu- romorphic computing as well as developed an algorithmic architecture co-design and exploration capability.
Contribution à l'étude de procédés d'émulsification directs en cuve agitée pour la réalisation d'émulsions concentrées (2000)

L'evolution radicale du comportement rheologique d'une emulsion concentree au cours d'une emulsification directe constitue un verrou majeur du procede. Les travaux experimentaux presentes ici visent a ameliorer la methodologie de choix d'un procede de fabrication d'emulsion concentree dans une cuve agitee fonctionnant en mode batch. Dans un premer temps, une ettude a porte sur une dispersion d'huile dans l'eau tres diluee (5% environ). Le comportement rheologique n'evoluant pas, la maitrise de l'hydrodynamique creee permet d'identifier les deux parametres clefs : le cisaillement maximum et le mouvement global. Des mesures combinees de Granulometrie et de Velocimetrie Laser a effet Doppler (GLD et VLD) ont ete realisees pour qualifier et quantifier les performances d'une turbine de Rushton et differents systemes rotor-stators. Dans un deuxieme temps, une etude par VLD dans les fluides visqueux modeles transparents (CMC, glycerol) a permis de caracteriser differentes helices pour quantifier leur capacite a creer du pompage, en particulier lorsque la rheologie evolue. En maitrisant les parametres clefs grâce a l'utilisation d'un mobile pompant (systeme bietage compose d'helices) et un mobile tres cisaillant (rotor-stator), il a ete possible de dessiner un procede capable de satisfaire le cahier des charges. La taille des gouttes creees est mesuree au cours du temps par granulometrie laser (type MALVERN). L'hydrodynamique est controlee par Velocimetrie Doppler Ultrasonore. Cette technique recente a ete comparee au prealable a la VLD pour certaines conditions operatoires. Cette derniere partie nous a permis en outre de rendre compte du fonctionnement energetique des mobiles et de dresser une methodologie generale pour resoudre un probleme d'emulsification directe en choisissant judicieusement les equipements et en fixant les conditions operatoires les plus favorables au procede.
Efficient equivalence checking of multi-phase designs using phase abstraction and retiming (1998)

Equivalence checking of finite state machines (FSMs) traditionally assumes single phase machines where a single clock (implicit or explicit) synchronizes the state of the FSM. We extend the equivalence checking paradignm to FSMs with multi-phase clocks. Such designs are becoming increasingly popular in high performance microprocessors since they result in lower synchronization overhead. In addition, aggressive pipelining and the use of “sparse” encodings results in designs where the ratio of steady states to the total state space is very low. In this paper, we show that automatically transforming such designs to ones that have more “dense” encodings can result in significant benefits in using implicit BDD-based techniques for their verification. We explore two such techniques: phase abstraction and retiming and demonstrate their utility in the context of FSM equivalence checking. The main contributions of our work are: —We show that a multi-phase FSM can be transformed to a functionally equivalent one phase FSM and this phase abstraction leads to significant improvement in the size of FSMs that can be checked for equivalence. —We show that min-latch retiming preserves equivalence and can be performed efficiently in multi-phase designs, even when latch borrowing and discarding is allowed at the primary inputs and outputs. —We demonstrate the utility of our approach on several controller FSMs from the industry.
A Lithographer’s Guide to Patterning CMOS Devices with Directed Self-Assembly (2020)

Advances in lithography have always been critical in the drive toward each subsequent semiconductor node. By anticipating limitations in the scaling ability of immersion lithography, the industry has been pursuing next-generation lithography techniques beyond multiple patterning. Several techniques have been proposed, including extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, multibeam electronbeam lithography, nanoimprint lithography, and directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs). DSA has attracted a great deal of interest from major semiconductor manufacturers for several years following its initial demonstrations in the early 2000s. Since then, several methods or process flows for using DSA have been proposed by various groups. The purpose of this Spotlight is to compile various methods in one publication. The acronyms and naming conventions used in various publications can also be confusing for anyone who needs a concise description of the methods available. Another goal of this publication is to provide an easy-to-follow reference for lithographers who are interested in learning or using DSA for patterning. It is written for the nonchemist in mind or someone who has no familiarity with the DSA process; however, sufficient details are provided to follow and understand the steps.
Second-order nonlinear optical films for alternating polyelectrolyte deposition (1998)

This is a preliminary report on alternating polyelectrolyte deposition (APD) with the goal of making electro-optic films at room temperature. By means of the APD method, films were built up layer-by-layer at room temperature by a dipping process. APD requires two complementary polymers, one being negatively charged and the other being positively charged. The polymer in solution is attracted to the solid substrate by coulombic forces to form the next layer on the substrate. For the first time, second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) polymer films were prepared by APD in which both polymers were NLO-active. The cationic polymer contained a side-chain stilbazole chromophore, and the anionic polymer contained a main-chain cinnamoyl chromophore. The intensity of the second harmonic signal generated in the film increased quadratically with each layer for the first twenty layers.
Fully Automated Two-dimensional Capillary Electrophoresis for High Sensitivity Protein Analysis (2002)

We report a system for automated protein analysis. In the system, proteins are labeled with the fluorogenic reagent 3-(2-furoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde, which reacts with lysine residues and creates a highly fluorescent product. These labeled proteins are analyzed by submicellar capillary electrophoresis at pH 7.5 to perform a first dimension separation. Once the first components migrate from the capillary, a fraction is transferred to a second dimension capillary, where electrophoresis is performed at pH 11.1 to further separate the proteins. Laser-induced fluorescence is used as an ultrasensitive detector of the separated proteins. Successive fractions are transferred from the first dimension capillary to the second dimension capillary for further separation to generate, in serial fashion, a two-dimensional electropherogram. The transfer of fractions is computer-controlled; there is no operator intervention once the sample has been injected. Zeptomoles of labeled proteins are detected, providing exquisite sensitivity.
Efficient Authentication of Large, Dynamic Data Sets Using Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) (2006)

The Galois/counter mode (GCM) of operation can be used as an incremental message authentication code (MAC); in this respect, it is unique among the crypto algorithms used in practice. We show that it has this property, and show how to efficiently recompute a MAC after small changes within a message, after the appending or prepending of data to a message, or the truncation of data from the start or end of a message. Incremental MACs have great utility for protecting data at rest. In particular, they can be used to protect a large, dynamic data set using only a small, constant amount of memory
Ohmic Contacts to <I>N</I>-Face p-GaN Using Ni/Au for the Fabrication of Polarization Inverted Light-Emitting Diodes (2013)

The electrical properties of Ni-based ohmic contacts to N-face p-type GaN were investigated. The specific contact resistance of N-face p-GaN exhibits a linear decrease from 1.01 omega cm2 to 9.05 x 10(-3) omega cm2 for the as-deposited and the annealed Ni/Au contacts, respectively, with increasing annealing temperature. However, the specific contact resistance could be decreased down to 1.03 x 10(-4) omega cm2 by means of surface treatment using an alcohol-based (NH4)2S solution. The depth profile data measured from the intensity of O1s peak in the X-ray photoemission spectra showed that the alcohol-based (NH4)2S treatment was effective in removing the surface oxide layer of GaN.
Geometric tools for image compression (2003)

Images typically contain strong geometric features, such as edges, that impose a structure on pixel values and wavelet coefficients. Modeling the joint coherent behavior of wavelet coefficients is difficult, and standard image coders fail to fully exploit this geometric regularity. We introduce wedgelets as a geometric tool for image compression. Wedgelets offer piecewise-linear approximations of edge contours and can be efficiently encoded. We describe the fundamental challenges that arise when applying such a tool to image compression. To meet these challenges, we also propose an efficient rate-distortion framework for natural image compression using wedgelets.
Genome-wide CNV analysis in mouse induced pluripotent stem cells reveals dosage effect of pluripotent factors on genome integrity (2014)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from somatic cells have enormous potential for clinical applications. Notably, it was recently reported that reprogramming from somatic cells to iPSCs can induce genomic copy number variation (CNV), which is one of the major genetic causes of human diseases. However it was unclear if this genome instability is dependent on reprogramming methods and/or the genetic background of donor cells. Furthermore, genome-wide CNV analysis is technically challenging and CNV data need to be interpreted with care. In order to carefully investigate the possible CNV instability during somatic reprogramming, we performed genome-wide CNV analyses with 41 mouse iPSC lines generated from the same parental donor; therefore, the donor’s genetic background can be controlled. Different reprogramming factor combinations and dosages were used for investigating potential method-dependent effects on genome integrity. We detected 63 iPSC CNVs using high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization. Intriguingly, CNV rates were negatively associated with the dosages of classic factor(s). Furthermore, the use of high-performance engineered factors led to less CNVs than the classic factor(s) of the same dosage. Our observations suggest that sufficient reprogramming force can protect the genome from CNV instability during the reprogramming process.
Metabolic Stability and Analogue‐Based Drug Discovery (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: List of Abbreviations Introduction Metabolism-Guided Drug Design Indirect Modulation of Metabolism by Fluorine Substitution Modulation of Low Clearance/Long Half-Life via Metabolism-Guided Design Tactics to Resolve Metabolism Liabilities Due to Non-CYP Enzymes Eliminating RM Liabilities in Drug Design Eliminating Metabolism-Dependent Mutagenicity Eliminating Mechanism-Based Inactivation of CYP Enzymes Identification (and Elimination) of Electrophilic Lead Chemical Matter Mitigating Risks of Idiosyncratic Toxicity via Elimination of RM Formation Case Studies on Elimination of RM Liability in Drug Discovery Concluding Remarks References
BAICALEIN LOWERS INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN GERBILS (2013)

The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) 2013 Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington, USA, 5-9 May 2013
Evidence for Associated Production of a Single Top Quark and W Boson in pp Collisions at √s=7 TeV (2013)

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM
Signal Seperation Using Multi-rate Signal Processing (2001)

In signal separation and channel equalisation, a short delay spread channel can result in high complexity receiver filters. The computational complexity of estimating these filters can be reduced by using multi-rate technique. In multi-rate processing, a problem is divided into a number of low complexity problems by means of a subband filterbank. Simulation results show up to 93%reduction in computational load compared to a fullband implementation at the expense of a small degradation in separation performance. The results also show that by properly optimizing the filterbank, the performance degradation can significantly be reduced.
Forward-back and back-forward drivable controls for human-robot interaction (2018)

In previous research, the back-forward drivability of load-side torque control system based on a motor-side acceler­ation control has proven to be high, but contact motion has not yet been realized in human-robot interaction such as powered exoskeleton and direct teaching. To address this issue, this study proposes a load-side torque control system that achieves both bouncing suppression and human-interaction. This paper focuses on load-side acceleration because the bouncing motion at environmental contact and the human-robot interaction motion are able to be evaluated to its performances intuitively. Human-robot interaction is applied in low-frequency, and bouncing suppression is applied in high-frequency. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
59.4: Rapid Dehydrogenation Technology of a‐Si using Xe Flash‐Lamp Annealing (2011)

Abstract Feasibility of the flash lamp annealing (FLA) process is tested for rapid dehydrogenation of a‐Si:H films without any damage on the glass substrate. Pulse duration of the flash lamp is 100 μs and the annealing process was carried out at room temperature. As the pulse energy density increases, hydrogen content in a‐Si films decreases. Thin film transistors based on the FLA dehydrogenation process have mobility of 108 cm 2 /V‐s and sub‐threshold swing of 0.39 V/dec. 14″ qFHD AMOLED displays have been fabricated using FLA. It is expected that the FLA process can further reduce manufacturing cost of LTPS TFT backplanes for large area AMOLED displays, because the FLA process can be applied not only for the dehydrogenation process but also for the crystallization and dopant activation processes.
Reversal of Defective Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2D by Independent Modulation of Histone and PGC-1α Acetylation (2016)

Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in many muscle degenerative disorders. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial biogenesis was impaired in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) 2D patients and mice and was associated with impaired OxPhos capacity. Two distinct approaches that modulated histones or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) acetylation exerted equivalent functional effects by targeting different mitochondrial pathways (mitochondrial biogenesis or fatty acid oxidation[FAO]). The histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) changed chromatin assembly at the PGC-1α promoter, restored mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhanced muscle oxidative capacity. Conversely, nitric oxide (NO) triggered post translation modifications of PGC-1α and induced FAO, recovering the bioenergetics impairment of muscles but shunting the defective mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, a transcriptional blockade of mitochondrial biogenesis occurred in LGMD-2D and could be recovered by TSA changing chromatin conformation, or it could be overcome by NO activating a mitochondrial salvage pathway.
From Buonocore's Pioneering Acid-Etch Technique to Self-Adhering Restoratives. A Status Perspective of Rapidly Advancing Dental Adhesive Technology. (2020)

This literature-based OPINION PAPER reflects in an introductory historical perspective on the rapid advancement of dental adhesive technology. Past and current techniques to bond to tooth tissue, in particular to dentin as the most challenging bonding substrate, are critically appraised. Including the historical perspective in (1), this paper focuses on fourteen items thought to be of primary importance with regard to the current status of dental adhesive technology. In (2) the primary mechanisms involved in adhesion to enamel and especially dentin are dealt with having (3) also revisited the previously introduced adhesion-decalcification concept (AD concept) as basis of biomaterial-hard tissue interaction; the worldwide accepted classification of today's adhesives into etch&rinse (E&R) and self-etch (SE) adhesives are presented in (4), along with presentation of their respective PLUS-MINUS balances in (5) and (6); nomination of the GOLD-STANDARD E&R (7) and SE (8) adhesives is based on evidence of successful laboratory and long-term clinical performance, resulting in a recommended 3-step full E&R bonding route in (9) and the preferred 3-step combined selective enamel E&R with 2-SE bonding route in (10); (11) description of the main bond-degradation pathways and eight strategies to preserve bond stability; (12) coverage of the PROS and CONS of the newest generation of UNIVERSAL adhesives. Looking into the future, some expected future developments in dental adhesive technology have been suggested in (13), along with (14) a first status determination of the latest research-and-development towards self-adhesive restorative materials that no longer require any pre-treatment.
Toughening and reinforcing alumina matrix composite with single-wall carbon nanotubes (2006)

The authors report an efficient way of incorporating single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) into alumina matrix with strong interfaces by heterocoagulation. The fracture toughness of SWNTs/Al2O3 composite reaches 6.40±0.3MPam1∕2, which is twice as high as that of unreinforced alumina. The flexure strength of the composite also increases by 20%. The main toughening mechanism is crack bridging of SWNTs, and SWNT pullout takes effect also.