gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Realizing Room‐Temperature Resonant Tunnel Magnetoresistance in Cr/Fe/MgAl 2 O 4 Quasi‐Quantum Well Structures (2019)

The quantum well (QW) realizes new functionalities due to the discrete electronic energy levels formed in the well-shaped potential. Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) combined with a quasi-QW structure of Cr/ultrathin-Fe/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(001)/Fe, in which the Cr quasi-barrier layer confines <i>Δ</i> <sub>1</sub> up-spin electrons to the Fe well, are prepared with perfectly lattice-matched interfaces and atomic layer number control. Resonant peaks are clearly observed in the differential conductance of the MTJs due to the formation of QWs. Furthermore, enhanced tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) peaks at the resonant bias voltages are realized for the MTJs at room temperature, i.e., it is observed that TMR ratios at specific and even high bias-voltages (<i>V</i> <sub>bias</sub>) are larger than zero-bias TMR ratios for the MTJs with odd Fe atomic layers, in contrast to the earlier experimental studies. In addition, a new finding in this study is unique sign changes in the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) depending on the Fe thickness and <i>V</i> <sub>bias</sub>, which is interpreted as a signature of the QW formation of Δ<sub>1</sub> symmetry electronic states. The present study suggests that the spin-dependent resonant tunneling via the QWs formed in Cr/ultrathin-Fe/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Fe structures should open a new pathway to achieve a large TMR at practically high <i>V</i> <sub>bias</sub>.
Ultra-short Silicon Polarization Beam Splitter Based on an Asymmetrical Bent Directional Coupler (2012)

An ultra-short (L=9.5μm) polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on an asymmetrical bent directional coupler is demonstrated experimentally. The measured extinction ratios are about 15dB and 10dB for the TE and TM polarized lights around 1550nm.
The Sigma 1 Receptor Antagonist CM304 Enhances the Antinociceptive Effects of the Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists, but not Mu‐Opioid Receptor Full Agonists in Mice (2020)

There is an overdose epidemic associated with the use of illicitly manufactured as well as prescription mu‐opioid receptor agonists. Sigma 1 receptor (σ 1 R) antagonists in combination with other drugs may provide a viable, safer pharmacological option than opioids alone for treating pain. The present study compared pharmacological effects of the σ 1 R antagonist CM304 alone and in combination with high (fentanyl and morphine) and low (buprenorphine) efficacy opioid agonists and the cannabinoid CB (CP55,940 and THC) receptor agonists in C57BL/6J mice. Rectal temperature, tail withdrawal latency (10‐seconds cutoff) from warm water of various temperatures (45°C, 50°C and 55°C) and counts of unhabituated locomotor activity were measured in this order. Basal latency for tail withdrawal systematically decreased from 10 seconds at 45°C to 1.3 seconds at 55°C. Morphine, fentanyl and buprenorphine dose‐dependently increased maximum possible effects (MPEs) up to 100% at 55°C (ED 50 values: 7.50, 0.068, and 1.13 mg/kg, respectively), whereas CP55,940 and THC were less effective at 55°C (E max values: 56.6% and 58.2%, respectively). CM304 (56 mg/kg, i.p.) produced an upward shift in the CP55,940 dose‐effect function such that 100% MPE was achieved at 3.2 mg/kg CP55,940, while CM304 (56 mg/kg) produced a 3‐fold leftward shift in the dose‐effect curve of THC. On the other hand, CM304 did not enhance the antinociceptive effects of morphine and fentanyl but enhanced the effects of buprenorphine. In contrast to tail withdrawal latency, there were no consistent effects of CM304 on cannabinoid‐induced decreases in rectal temperature or locomotor activity. The present results may support the development of a σ 1 R antagonist as an adjunct to cannabinoid and low efficacy μ‐opioid receptor agonists for the treatment of acute pain. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse grants DA23205 and DA48353.
Evidence for two types of spatial representations: Hemispheric specialization for categorical and coordinate relations. (1989)

Analyses of human object recognition abilities led to the hypothesis that 2 kinds of spatial relation representations are used in human vision. Evidence for the distinction between abstract categorical spatial relation representations and specific coordinate spatial relation representations was provided in 4 experiments. These results indicate that Ss make categorical judgments--on/off, left/right, and above/below--faster when stimuli are initially presented to the left cerebral hemisphere, whereas they make evaluations of distance--in relation to 2 mm, 3 mm, or 1 in. (2.54 cm)--faster when stimuli are initially presented to the right cerebral hemisphere. In addition, there was evidence that categorical representations developed with practice.
Fuel Anti-Knock Quality - Part I. Engine Studies (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This is the first part of a two-part study on how to define the anti-knock quality of practical fuels. Knock intensity is measured in two single-cylinder research engines using different fuels at different mixture strengths, throttle settings and two compression ratios. The anti-knock quality of a fuel in a given engine operating condition is defined by its octane index OI = RON - KS where K is a constant for that condition and S is the sensitivity, (RON-MON), and RON and MON are the Research and Motor Octane numbers respectively. The higher the octane index, the better the anti-knock quality of the fuel. K is often assumed to be 0.5 so that OI=(RON+MON)/2. However, it is found that K depends on engine operating conditions and in some cases, K is negative so that for a given RON, a fuel with &lt;i&gt;higher&lt;/i&gt; sensitivity (&lt;i&gt;lower&lt;/i&gt; MON) has better anti-knock quality. The value of K decreases as the engine becomes more prone to knock i.e. as its octane requirement increases. In terms of the end-gas properties, K decreases as the temperature decreases for a given pressure.&lt;/div&gt;
Shipboard Fluid System Diagnostic Indicators Using Non‐Intrusive Load Monitoring (2007)

Abstract Field studies have demonstrated that it is possible to evaluate the state of many shipboard systems by analyzing the electrical power that is drawn by electromechanical actuators. This paper demonstrates how a device known as a non‐intrusive load monitor (NILM) uses only electrical power data to detect several critical faults in shipboard fluid systems. Using the example of reverse‐osmosis units installed aboard the US Coast Guard's Medium Endurance Cutters, it is shown that the NILM can provide ship's force with a highly reliable real‐time system monitoring capability.
Surface modification of PdlLGA microspheres with gelatine methacrylate: Evaluation of adsorption, entrapment, and oxygen plasma treatment approaches (2017)

Poly (dl lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PdlLGA) microspheres offer limited functional groups on their surface to enable proper grafting of tissue specific bioactive molecules. To overcome this limitation, previous approaches have suggested using alkaline solutions to introduce active groups to the surface; however, they may compromise surface topography and lose any potential surface patterns. Plasma polymerisation of bioactive monomers has been suggested to enhance surface biocompatibility; however, it is not applicable on low vapour pressure macromolecules such as most extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and growth factors. This study aims to evaluate three different approaches to modify the surface of PdlLGA microspheres with gelatine-methacrylate (gel-MA) to enable further grafting of cross-linkable biomolecules without compromising the surface topography or the biocompatibility of the system.
Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Constrained Iterative LQR in Autonomous Driving (2020)

In the context of autonomous driving, the iterative linear quadratic regulator (iLQR) is known to be an efficient approach to deal with the nonlinear vehicle model in motion planning problems. Particularly, the constrained iLQR algorithm has shown noteworthy advantageous outcomes of computation efficiency in achieving motion planning tasks under general constraints of different types. However, the constrained iLQR methodology requires a feasible trajectory at the first iteration as a prerequisite when the logarithmic barrier function is used. Also, the methodology leaves open the possibility for incorporation of fast, efficient, and effective optimization methods to further speed up the optimization process such that the requirements of real-time implementation can be successfully fulfilled. In this paper, a well-defined motion planning problem is formulated under nonlinear vehicle dynamics and various constraints, and an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is utilized to determine the optimal control actions leveraging the iLQR. The approach is able to circumvent the feasibility requirement of the trajectory at the first iteration. An illustrative example of motion planning for autonomous vehicles is then investigated. A noteworthy achievement of high computation efficiency is attained with the proposed development; comparing with the constrained iLQR algorithm based on the logarithmic barrier function, our proposed method reduces the average computation time by 31.93%, 38.52%, and 44.57% in the three driving scenarios; compared with the optimization solver IPOPT, our proposed method reduces the average computation time by 46.02%, 53.26%, and 88.43% in the three driving scenarios. As a result, real-time computation and implementation can be realized through our proposed framework, and thus it provides additional safety to the on-road driving tasks.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Identification of GATA3 as a Breast Cancer Prognostic Marker by Global Gene Expression Meta-analysis (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Identification of GATA3 as a Breast Cancer Prognostic Marker by Global Gene Expression Meta-analysis
Unklares Exanthem und rezidivierende Diarrhoe bei einem Linienpiloten (2003)

Wir berichten über einen 1971 geborenen Linienpiloten und Milizbordoperateur mit rezidivierender Diarrhoe sowie einem pruriginösen Exanthem an den Extremitäten seit der Adoleszenz. Gastroenterologische Abklärungen ergaben das Vorliegen einer Zöliakie (glutensensitive Enteropathie). Bei den Hautveränderungen handelte es sich um eine Dermatits herpetiformis Duhring, welche nicht selten in Zusammenhang mit der genannten Erkrankung auftritt. Mit Beginn einer glutenfreien Diät verschwanden sowohl die gastroenterologischen wie auch die dermatologischen Symptome vollständig. Der Pilot ist heute beschwerdefrei.
Hypoxia induces vascular endothelial growth factor gene and protein expression in cultured rat islet cells. (1998)

The formation of new microvasculature by capillary sprouting at the site of islet transplantation is crucial for the long-term survival and function of the graft. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an endothelial cell-specific mitogen with potent angiogenic and vascular permeability-inducing properties, may be a key factor in modulating the revascularization of islets after transplantation. In this study, we examined the gene expression of VEGF mRNA in three tumor cell lines and in isolated whole and dispersed rat islets in vitro by Northern blot hybridization in normoxic (5% CO2, 95% humidified air) and hypoxic (1% O2, 5% CO2, 94% N2) culture conditions. Increased expression of VEGF mRNA was observed in beta-TC3, RAW 264.7, and IC-21 tumor cell lines when subjected to hypoxia. With isolated whole islets in normoxic culture, a threefold increase in VEGF mRNA (P < 0.001) was seen at 48 h as compared with freshly isolated islets. This response was similar to the 3.8-fold increase observed with islets subjected to hypoxia. Dispersed rat islet cell clusters cultured on Matrigel for 24 h under hypoxic conditions showed a 3.4-fold increase (P < 0.01) in VEGF mRNA compared with those cultured in normoxia. This correlated with increased VEGF secretion as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of increased expression of VEGF protein near the center of islets after 24 h of normoxic culture. Islet cell clusters on Matrigel showed intense cellular localization of VEGF in both beta-cells and non-beta-cells. These findings suggest that rat islet cells, when subjected to hypoxia during the first few days after transplantation, may act as a major source of VEGF, thereby initiating revascularization and maintaining the vascular permeability of the grafted islets.
Deterministic lateral displacement systems with arrayed three-dimensional electrodes for tunable particle sorting (2020)

Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) is a passive technique employed for particles sorting. We recently introduced a DLD device composed of arrayed three-dimensional metal-covered pillars that can be used to locally apply an electric field. With our system we can exploit the dielectrophoretic (DEP) effect to exert forces on the bioparticles to be sorted, thus dynamically tuning the critical size of the passive sorting device.
Extraordinary Strong Band‐Edge Absorption in Distorted Chalcogenide Perovskites (2020)

Distorted Chalcogenide Perovskites In article number 1900555, Hiroyuki Fujiwara and co-workers show experimentally that chalcogenide perovskites (BaZrS3, SrZrS3, BaHfS3, and SrHfS3) exhibit an extraordinary strong light absorption of >105 cm−1. The superior optical characteristics originate from the unique band structures of the chalcogenide perovskites, making the perovskite alloys ideal materials for the top cells of tandem solar cells, with potential efficiencies exceeding 38%.
Improving the training and evaluation efficiency of recurrent neural network language models (2015)

Recurrent neural network language models (RNNLMs) are becoming increasingly popular for speech recognition. Previously, we have shown that RNNLMs with a full (non-classed) output layer (F-RNNLMs) can be trained efficiently using a GPU giving a large reduction in training time over conventional class-based models (C-RNNLMs) on a standard CPU. However, since test-time RNNLM evaluation is often performed entirely on a CPU, standard F-RNNLMs are inefficient since the entire output layer needs to be calculated for normalisation. In this paper, it is demonstrated that C-RNNLMs can be efficiently trained on a GPU, using our spliced sentence bunch technique which allows good CPU test-time performance (42× speedup over F-RNNLM). Furthermore, the performance of different classing approaches is investigated. We also examine the use of variance regularisation of the softmax denominator for F-RNNLMs and show that it allows F-RNNLMs to be efficiently used in test (56× speedup on a CPU). Finally the use of two GPUs for F-RNNLM training using pipelining is described and shown to give a reduction in training time over a single GPU by a factor of 1.6×.
The Elkhorn Mine Jefferson County, Montana (2008)

(2008). The Elkhorn Mine Jefferson County, Montana. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 20-33.
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious Solution Phase Synthesis of Fluoroquinolone Antibacterial Agents Using Polymer‐Supported Reagents. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7,12‐Dihydropyridopyrroloindoles (Azapyridodiindoles) via the Fischer Indole Cyclization. A Search for Water Soluble Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands. (1989)

Abstract Treatment of the 3‐acylindole (I) with 2‐hydrazinopyridine (II) gives the hydrazone (III).
Finite geometry effects on the stability of a charged beam propagating through a relativistic annular electron beam. Memorandum report (1983)

Finite geometry effects on the stability properties of a charged beam propagating through an intense relativistic annular electron beam has been studied. The stability of the system under transverse oscillation has been examined in detail in a parameter domain pertinent to the Collective Particle Accelerator, current under development at the Naval Research Laboratory. Both the normal mode and the convective aspects of this instability have been investigated. Depsite a substantial temporal growth rate as a predicted by the normal mode approach this instability does not prevent successful acceleration of a portion of the axial beam. Thus the transverse oscillation is not fatal to the CPA operation.
Experimental induction of corpora amylacea in adult rat brain (1998)

Corpora amylacea (CA) are glycoproteinaceous inclusions that accumulate in astroglia and other brain cells as a function of advancing age and, to an even greater extent, in several human neurodegenerative conditions. The mechanisms responsible for their biogenesis and their subcellular origin(s) remain unclear. We previously demonstrated that the sulfhydryl agent, cysteamine (CSH), promotes the accumulation of CA-like inclusions in cultured rat astroglia. In the present study, we show that subcutaneous administration of CSH to adult rats (150 mg/ kg for 6 weeks followed by a 5-week drug-washout period) elicits the accumulation of CA in many cortical and subcortical brain regions. As in the aging human brain and in CSH-treated rat astrocyte cultures, the inclusions are periodic acid-Schiff -positive and are consistently immunostained with antibodies directed against mitochondrial epitopes and ubiquitin. Our findings support our contention that mitochondria are important structural precursors of CA, and that CSH accelerates aging-like processes in rat astroglia both in vitro and in the intact brain. Microsc. Res. Tech. 43:43–48, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cost Estimates of Roll-to-Roll Production of Organic Light Emitting Devices for Lighting (2023)

White organic light emitting devices (WOLEDs) offer distinct advantages as solid state lighting sources, including high energy efficiency, superior color quality, and a flexible, thin profile that can accommodate a vast array of possible fixture designs. Recent advances in device lifetime and high speed deposition suggest that mass production of WOLED panels is approaching an inflection point. To understand the tradeoffs in the volume manufacturing of WOLED lighting panels, in this work, we estimate the cost of white WOLED panel production based on vacuum and vapor phase deposition in a roll-to-roll production line envisioned to yield an annual capacity of at least 6 × 106 m2. Assuming a WOLED operating luminance at 10 klm/m2, we anticipate a $12.5/klm cost of a WOLED light engine that includes the cost of the current driver and packaging. With incremental reduction in material and driver costs and improved luminance, the cost of WOLED lighting can be reduced to $6.3/klm in the near term, potentially positioning WOLEDs for use in numerous premium lighting applications.
A GNSS receiver using band-pass continuous-time delta-sigma modulator (2014)

This paper addresses some of the considerations related to the design and implementation of multiband Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. In this work, the impact of the application of band-pass continuous-time delta-sigma modulation on GNSS signals was also examined. In order to facilitate the implementation of the multiband delta-sigma based GNSS receiver, a modulator architecture that is based on an all-digital feedback loop using zero-insertion upsampling was adopted and frequency downscaling technique was used. The latter consists on reducing the operating frequency of the system, which makes the implementation on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) possible.
Highly Durable Non-Platinum Catalyst for Protic Ionic Liquid Based Intermediate Temperature PEFCs (2018)

We firstly report remarkable stability and performance of non-precious catalyst, nitrogen doped graphene (NG) towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a protic ionic liquid (N,N-diethylmethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate(dema-TfO)) at intermediate temperatures. Our electrochemical results indicate that an elevated operating temperature has an enhancing effect on ORR activity of NG in dema-TfO. In addition, even after 2000 cycles of potential sweep in the potential range from 1.0 V to 1.5 V vs. RHE at 120C in dema-TfO, NG keeps the same ORR onset potential with 14% decrease in oxygen reduction current, showing the excellent stability of NG. Whereas commercially available Pt/C (Pt 37.5% in weight) shows 13% negative ORR onset potential shift along with 56% loss of oxygen reduction current during the stability test. TEM and EDS observations taken after durability test were also in agreement with the higher durability of NG over Pt/C at 120C in dema-TfO. Raman and XPS results taken after the durability test also substantiated the structural stability of NG in dema-TfO at intermediate temperatures. The greater durability and comparable electrochemical activity of NG with Pt/C can unfold the possibilities of non-precious catalyst for intermediate temperature PEFCs.
The Reduction of Oxygen on Teflon‐Bonded Perovskite Oxide Electrodes (1978)

The electrochemical reduction of oxygen on Teflon‐bonded electrodes in 45% was studied as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure. The activation energy was 10.75 kcal/mole and the relationship between and obeys the relationship , suggesting that the rate of oxygen chemisorption is the rate‐controlling step, Galvanostatic oxygen stripping showed that the surface coverage of oxygen was only 1% for both Sr‐doped and , and that the coverage was independent of temperature in the range 25°–80°C.
Pathogenicity of human and porcine intestinal spirochetes in one-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks: an animal model of intestinal spirochetosis (1995)

One-day-old chicks were infected orally with two strains of weakly hemolytic spirochetes isolated from a human and a pig with intestinal spirochetosis. These spirochetosis both colonized birds, attached end-on to their cecal enterocytes, induced watery diarrhea, and significantly depressed growth rates. Cultures of Serpulina innocens failed to colonize the chicks.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Enhances Influenza A Virus-Induced Expression of Antiviral Cytokines by Activating RIG-I Gene Expression (2006)

Epithelial cells of the lung are the primary targets for respiratory viruses. Virus-carried single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) can activate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8, whereas dsRNA is bound by TLR3 and a cytoplasmic RNA helicase, retinoic acid-inducible protein I (RIG-I). This recognition leads to the activation of host cell cytokine gene expression. Here we have studied the regulation of influenza A and Sendai virus-induced alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), IFN-beta, interleukin-28 (IL-28), and IL-29 gene expression in human lung A549 epithelial cells. Sendai virus infection readily activated the expression of the IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IL-28, and IL-29 genes, whereas influenza A virus-induced activation of these genes was mainly dependent on pretreatment of A549 cells with IFN-alpha or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha induced the expression of the RIG-I, TLR3, MyD88, TRIF, and IRF7 genes, whereas no detectable TLR7 and TLR8 was seen in A549 cells. TNF-alpha also strongly enhanced IKK epsilon mRNA and protein expression. Ectopic expression of a constitutively active form of RIG-I (deltaRIG-I) or IKK epsilon, but not that of TLR3, enhanced the expression of the IFN-beta, IL-28, and IL-29 genes. Furthermore, a dominant-negative form of RIG-I inhibited influenza A virus-induced IFN-beta promoter activity in TNF-alpha-pretreated cells. In conclusion, IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha enhanced the expression of the components of TLR and RIG-I signaling pathways, but RIG-I was identified as the central regulator of influenza A virus-induced expression of antiviral cytokines in human lung epithelial cells.