gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Top Level Bus Estimation for Hierarchical Design (2014)

As technology advanced into deep sub-micron era, hierarchical design is employed more and more to overcome the growing complexity. Top level timing is a key challenge in deciding the chip performance and time to market. Data bus talks between sub-modules are considered as the bottleneck for top physical designer. An early estimation on these buses will provide good evidence for pipelining in front-end design and buffering in back-end design and also guide the later-on routing for the related nets. This paper proposed a fast estimation algorithm to model the routing of bus talks between sub-modules. First, a grading step is used to decide the criticality for each data talk, according to their bus width and timing criticality. Then, a new connection model is put forward to simplify routing channels on top level without losing too much accuracy. After the simplification, an undirected graph will be built to describe all the routing blockages. Therefore, finding a point-to-point path avoiding blockages on top level becomes polynomial time complexity and the optimum is achievable. Congestion is considered as well. Compared with recent grid-based work which also approximates path finding problem, the proposed graph is smaller and thus faster. Using the path finder, all the data talks will be dynamically estimated one by one at last. Taking practical designs as benchmarks, the algorithm runs steady and fast for the current design scale. Moreover, the undirected graph in this work can be extended to solve other issues as well.
Retroactivity attenuation in signaling cascades (2011)

It has been shown in an earlier work that impedance-like effects, called retroactivity, are found at the interconnection of biomolecular systems just as they occur in several engineering systems. These effects are particularly relevant in signaling cascades that have several downstream targets. These cascades have been extensively studied to determine how a stimulus at the top of the cascade is transmitted and amplified as it propagates toward the bottom of the cascade. In principle, because of retroactivity, a perturbation at the bottom of the cascade can propagate upstream. In this paper, we study the extent to which this propagation occurs by analytically finding retroactivity gains at each stage of the cascade. These gains determine whether a perturbation at the bottom of the cascade is amplified or attenuated as it propagates upstream.
Catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of isocyanoacetate to (Z)-3-substituted-2-(4-pyridyl)-acrylonitrile, a reactive class of Michael acceptor (2015)

(Z)-3-Substituted-2-(4-pyridyl)-acrylonitriles, a reactive class of Michael acceptors obtained exclusively as a single (Z) isomer, reacted with un-substituted isocyanoacetate esters mediated by phase-transfer catalysis to give, after base promoted cyclisation, functionalized imines in up to 94% ee and as a single diastereoisomer.
CCDC 655493: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2007)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Understanding thermal nonlinearities in metal nanoparticles for plasmon-enhanced two-photon absorption (2011)

We are investigating the nonlinear optical properties of noble metal nanoparticles immersed in various host materials. Changes in the permittivity of the nanoparticles under large irradiances are measured in pump-probe experiments. A two-temperature model is used to fit the data and obtain a correlation between the electron gas and lattice temperatures and the Drude-type electron damping of the metal. The enhanced two-photon absorption (2PA) of silver nanospheres suspended in carbon disulfide (CS2) is measured by Z-Scan. The sample showed a combined signal of 2PA and saturable absorption (SA) which can be decoupled using the temperature-electron-damping mapping.
Pituitary Hormones and Ergot Alkaloids (1978)

From the data presented it appears that ergot drugs are both a useful tool for use in the study of neuroendocrine control of pituitary hormone secretion and a valid pharmacologic weapon for treatment of hyperprolactinemic states, GH and, probably, ACTH and MSH hypersecretion. In fact, they are capable of a long-lasting disruption of PRL secretion from a normal or tumoral pituitary gland, are unable to affect directly the somatotrophs of an intact AP, but inhibit GH and, possibly, ACTH secretion from a hyperplastic or tumoral gland. Ergolines also exert clear-cut PRL-lowering effects and are capable of suppressing GH secretion in acromegaly. The intimate mechanism(s) and hence site(s) of action of some of these compounds await clarification.
High-speed path-length scanning with a multiple-pass cavity delay line (2003)

Techniques for high-speed delay scanning are important for low-coherence interferometry, optical coherence tomography, pump probe measurements, and other applications. We demonstrate a novel scanning delay line using a multiple-pass cavity. Differential delays are accumulated with each pass so that millimeter delays can be generated with tens of micrometer mirror displacements. With special design criteria, misalignment sensitivity can be dramatically reduced. The system is demonstrated to scan 6 m/s at 2-kHz repetition rates. Real-time optical coherence tomography imaging with 500 pixel images at four frames/s is performed. Using a Cr:forsterite laser source, we obtained axial image resolutions of 6 microm with 92-dB sensitivity.
An End of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sight? (2021)

We have set out to assess the data on the intensity of the COVID-19 pandemic with a view to making plausible predictions of its decline. A plot of “ % COVID-19 Associated Death per Day” versus the timing and extent of the roll out of national vaccination campaigns in Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy and USA shows that the decline in the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic was well advanced noticeably before vaccinations began or could have become a significant contributory factor. Israel is an outlier in its manifest decline pattern, yet the data also demonstrate that vaccination has had no discernible impact at all on % Deaths per Day in Israel.
Integrated Human and Murine Clinical Study Establishes Clinical Efficacy of Ruxolitinib in Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (2021)

Ruxolitinib demonstrated clinical efficacy and an acceptable adverse event profile in patients with CMML, identifying a potential novel therapeutic in this rare malignancy. Furthermore, this study demonstrates proof of concept that PDX modeling can recapitulate responses of patients treated on clinical trial and represents a novel correlative study that corroborates clinical efficacy seen in humans.<i>See related commentary by Shastri and Adrianzen-Herrera, p. 6069</i>.
Computerized tumor multinucleation index (MuNI) is prognostic in p16+ oropharyngeal carcinoma (2021)

BACKGROUNDPatients with p16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are potentially cured with definitive treatment. However, there are currently no reliable biomarkers of treatment failure for p16+ OPSCC. Pathologist-based visual assessment of tumor cell multinucleation (MN) has been shown to be independently prognostic of disease-free survival (DFS) in p16+ OPSCC. However, its quantification is time intensive, subjective, and at risk of interobserver variability.METHODSWe present a deep-learning-based metric, the multinucleation index (MuNI), for prognostication in p16+ OPSCC. This approach quantifies tumor MN from digitally scanned H&E-stained slides. Representative H&E-stained whole-slide images from 1094 patients with previously untreated p16+ OPSCC were acquired from 6 institutions for optimization and validation of the MuNI.RESULTSThe MuNI was prognostic for DFS, overall survival (OS), or distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in p16+ OPSCC, with HRs of 1.78 (95% CI: 1.37-2.30), 1.94 (1.44-2.60), and 1.88 (1.43-2.47), respectively, independent of age, smoking status, treatment type, or tumor and lymph node (T/N) categories in multivariable analyses. The MuNI was also prognostic for DFS, OS, and DMFS in patients with stage I and stage III OPSCC, separately.CONCLUSIONMuNI holds promise as a low-cost, tissue-nondestructive, H&E stain-based digital biomarker test for counseling, treatment, and surveillance of patients with p16+ OPSCC. These data support further confirmation of the MuNI in prospective trials.FUNDINGNational Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH; National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH; National Center for Research Resources, NIH; VA Merit Review Award from the US Department of VA Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development Service; US Department of Defense (DOD) Breast Cancer Research Program Breakthrough Level 1 Award; DOD Prostate Cancer Idea Development Award; DOD Lung Cancer Investigator-Initiated Translational Research Award; DOD Peer-Reviewed Cancer Research Program; Ohio Third Frontier Technology Validation Fund; Wallace H. Coulter Foundation Program in the Department of Biomedical Engineering; Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program, Case Western Reserve University; NCI Cancer Center Support Grant, NIH; Career Development Award from the US Department of VA Clinical Sciences Research and Development Program; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Support Grant, NIH; and Computational Genomic Epidemiology of Cancer Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH, the US Department of VA, the DOD, or the US Government.
Opportunistic calibration of smartphone orientation in a vehicle (2015)

Modern smartphones are globally ubiquitous. As such, an increasing number of drivers have their smartphone in their vehicle while driving. These phones are equipped with powerful sensing, processing, and communication capabilities. This provides an opportunity to deploy smartphones in modern telematics and mobile telemetry technologies to enable the collection of driving data. Such data can be exploited to obtain insights regarding the vehicle driving patterns as well as the drivers' skills. These insights are valuable in many applications including the usage-based insurance, young driver coaching, and fleet management solutions. However, the sensory data provided by a smartphone must be reoriented with respect to the vehicle to be utilized in such applications. This requires the orientation of the smartphone relative to the vehicle reference system to be estimated through a calibration process. Furthermore, the orientation of a smartphone can vary at any time during a trip due to extraneous factors such as user interaction. This makes the orientation calibration process a challenging task. This paper describes an opportunistic calibration method that continuously monitors a smartphone orientation and compensates for its variation, as necessary. The proposed method relies on the probabilistic fusion of built-in sensors; in particular, the GPS, accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer. The extensive experiments conducted using real-world driving data illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed opportunistic calibration method.
Sparsity-based super-resolution coherent diffractive imaging of (practically) 1D images using extreme UV radiation. (2013)

We demonstrate experimentally sparsity-based super-resolution of coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) with extreme UV radiation. We also present the first experimental CDI of a practically one-dimensional object, overcoming the well-known ambiguity problem in one-dimensional phase retrieval.
High performance robot motion control based on zero phase error notch filter and D-PD control (2009)

This paper proposes a new motion control strategy for industrial robots. It is important for industrial robots to regulate the motion of robot on condition of high speed and high accuracy. However, an industrial robot often has the vibration phenomenon which is generated by the resonant frequency and the nonlinear interference force from the other joints of robot. In order to overcome these problems, at first, this paper proposes a new zero phase error notch filter which has no phase error for the fast path tracking reference. Next, this paper proposes a new fast position control method based on D-PD control with dynamic torque compensation. Using these methods, this paper realizes the fast accurate robot motion control without vibration phenomenon and overshoot. The experimental results confirm that the proposed control method well regulates the fast accurate path tracking control smoothly and rapidly.
Generating Stochastic Dispersed and Periodic Clustered Textures Using a Composite Hybrid Screen (2006)

In electrophotographic printing, a periodic clustered-dot halftone pattern is preferred for a smooth and stable result. In addition, the screen frequency should be high enough to minimize the visibility of the halftone textures and to ensure good detail rendition. However, at these frequencies, the halftone cell may contain too few pixels to provide a sufficient number of distinct gray levels. This will result in contouring and posterization. The traditional solution is to grow the clusters asynchronously within a repeating block of clusters known as a supercell. The growth of each individual cluster is governed by a microscreen. The order in which the clusters grow within the supercell is determined by a macroscreen. Typically, the macroscreen is a recursive pattern due to Bayer. In highlights and shadows, this ordering results in visible artifacts. Replacing the Bayer screen by a stochastic macroscreen eliminates these artifacts, but results in new artifacts. In this paper, we propose a new composite screen architecture that employs multiple microscreens and multiple macroscreens in the highlights and shadows. These screens are jointly designed by using the direct binary search (DBS) algorithm.
OC 8415 A TRANSLATIONAL PRECLINICAL PLATFORM TO ASSESS THE CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS AND CHEMOPREVENTION DOSE-RELATIONSHIP OF MALARIA DRUGS: THE CASE STUDY OF M5717 (2019)

Major progress has been made in the control of malaria leading to significantly reduce the number of cases and deaths. However, to reach the elimination stage, new tools will be needed, including combination of drugs capable of blocking the spread of malaria through chemoprophylaxis. M5717 is a first-in-class compound that targets the Plasmodium Eukaryotic translation Elongation Factor 2, essential for protein synthesis. M5717 is highly potent against all developing stages of Plasmodium parasites and has a long half-life suggesting that a single dose development may be possible for cure, prophylaxis and transmission blocking activities. In vivo preclinical PK/PD data indicates an increased exposure in the portal vein compared to peripheral circulation translating into a prophylactic activity at a lower dose than the curative one. M5717 is currently completing first-in-man studies with the objective of initiating clinical prophylactic development in 2019. Additional data to model the human prophylactic dose will be needed prior to initiate the studies to demonstrate clinical efficacy (phase 2). We recently established a human cell-based platform for drug screening against Plasmodium liver-stage infection relying on human hepatic 3D cultures in bioreactors supporting rodent P. berghei infection with similar rates of infection and parasite development compared to existing models. The platform was validated by assessing the activity of currently used antimalarial drugs. Here we report the data of a dose response experiment to establish the liver stage efficacious concentration of M5717 compared to atovaquone in Plasmodium -infected hepatic 3D cultures. The data obtained with this new model were confirmed using the in vivo model of P. berghei sporozoite-induced infection in mice, demonstrating the validity of the Plasmodium -infected hepatic 3D cultures as an enabling technology for malaria drug development. These data are also providing additional evidence that M5717 should be developed as a chemoprophylactic agent for the prevention of malaria.
The conjugacy search problem in public key cryptography: unnecessary and\n insufficient (2004)

The conjugacy search problem in a group G is the problem of recovering an x\nin G from given g in G and h=x^{-1}gx. This problem is in the core of several\nrecently suggested public key exchange protocols, most notably the one due to\nAnshel, Anshel, and Goldfeld, and the one due to Ko, Lee at al.\n In this note, we make two observations that seem to have eluded most people's\nattention. The first observation is that solving the conjugacy search problem\nis not necessary for an adversary to get the common secret key in the Ko-Lee\nprotocol. It is sufficient to solve an apparently easier problem of finding x,\ny in G such that h=ygx for given g, h in G.\n Another observation is that solving the conjugacy search problem is not\nsufficient for an adversary to get the common secret key in the\nAnshel-Anshel-Goldfeld protocol.\n
Acid-catalyzed single-layer resists for ArF lithography (1993)

A positive-tone single-layer resist for use with 1 93-nm radiation has been developed. The system contains a terpolymer of methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and t-butyl methacrylate, along with a photoacid generator. The chemically amplified deprotection of the t-butyl methacrylate into methacrylic acid increases the polarity of the resist and allows selective dissolution in metal-ion-free aqueous-base solutions.The resist sensitivity is less than 1 0 mJ/cm2, and its inherent resolution is better than 0.1 pm. These acrylate-based systems have the potential to be both lower in cost and have better environmental stability than the deep ultraviolet chemically amplified resists that use phenolic resins.
Stable Nanostructured Cathode with Polycrystalline Li-Deficient Li0.28Co0.29Ni0.30Mn0.20O2 for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2014)

The lithium-ion battery, a major renewable power source, has been widely applied in portable electronic devices and extended to hybrid electric vehicles and all-electric vehicles. One of the main issues for the transportation application is the need to develop high-performance cathode materials. Here we report a novel nanostructured cathode material based on air-stable polycrystalline Li0.28Co0.29Ni0.30Mn0.20O2 thin film with lithium deficiency for high-energy density lithium-ion batteries. This film is prepared via a method combining radio frequency magnetron sputtering and annealing using a crystalline and stoichiometric LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 target. This lithium-deficient Li0.28Co0.29Ni0.30Mn0.20O2 thin film has a polycrystalline nanostructure, high tap density, and higher energy and power density compared to the initial stoichiometric LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2. Such a material is a promising cathode candidate for high-energy lithium-ion batteries, especially thin-film batteries.
Theoretical study of SET operation in carbon nanotube memory cell (2016)

Abstract We present results of self-consistent electronic structure calculations for an electromechanical memory cell consisting of a carbon nanotube (CNT) fabric between titanium leads to elucidate the mechanism whereby the applied bias works to close the current gaps in the CNT fabric. We demonstrate that the asymmetry in the bias conditions required to achieve the “SET” operation of the cell (changing it from a high resistivity to low resistivity) results from the nature of a voltage drop in a compensated semiconducting material and depends sensitively on the background charge as well as on the position of the layer where the conducting gaps occur. The calculations provide insight into the behavior of the material and suggest possible fabrication strategies to modify the functionality.
Progressive Tracking of Isosurfaces in Time-Varying Scalar Fields (2002)

Scientific simulations and measurements often involve time dependent processes and produce time dependent data sets. Isosurface extraction is an important tool for visualizing three or twodimensional time varying scalar fields defined by such data. Nevertheless, the size of the data and the dynamic nature impose difficulty in devising efficient and effective time dependent isosurface extraction techniques. In this paper, we describe a progressive algorithm for time dependent isosurface extraction. The algorithm maintains efficiency in time and space by exploiting coherency in both temporal and spatial dimensions of the data, as well as in the function values domain. It creates the isosurface of consecutive time steps progressively from previous time steps allowing time critical utilization. In addition, it can track evolving isosurface components and identify topology change events such as merge, split, vanish and create. This information is used to define several visualization techniques such as tracking of individual components, which help gain better understanding of the dynamic structure of the data.
Performance and Properties of Ultra-Thin Silicon Nitride X-ray Windows (2014)

The spectral transmittance of a new generation of SiN based X-ray windows is characterized. The windows are strengthened by low aspect-ratio support grid. As expected for this unprecedented thin window material, the transmittance in the soft X-ray spectral region outperforms the present technologies. A detailed study of the various performance properties of the fabricated SiN X-ray windows is presented. Besides their high transmittance, the windows also have high uniformity, high mechanical strength and good leak tightness. The windows can withstand temperatures from cryogenic range to approximately 250°C. SiN foils are the first real nanotechnology-based choice for the practical realization of X-ray windows and bring the performance to a level that only nanotechnology can offer.
Quantitative Analysis of Carbon in Ferrite in Dual-Phase Steels by Mechanical Loss Measurements (2012)

To establish the method for determining the amount of carbon in the ferrite phase in ferrite + martensite dual-phase low-alloy steels, mechanical loss measurements have been performed on a series of Fe–C alloys with varying constitution. The observed mechanical loss spectra of two-phase alloys turned out to be simple superposition of those of single phase alloys, of ferrite and of martensite. The concentrations of carbon in solution evaluated from the magnitude of the Snoek relaxation in the two-phase alloys agree well with those expected from the Fe–C phase diagram. It is thus possible to selectively analyse the carbon dissolved in the ferrite phase in the complex structure, at least in simple binary alloys.