gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Different Etiologies and Prognostic Factors after Liver Transplantation for Fulminant Hepatic Failure in Korea (2012)

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is the severe and rapid progressing liver disease with high mortality rate. Although mortality rate of FHF was decreased after liver transplantation, limitations of treatment are still exist because of shortage of organ. The prognosis of FHF depends on the etiology and reversibility, however it is difficult to evaluate reversibility and determine the optimal transplantation timing. Although the King's College Hospital (KCH) criteria and Clichy/Villejuif criteria remain the most widely prognostic criteria of acute liver failure or FHF, there are also limitations due to geographically various and different cause of disease. Furthermore it is difficult to estimate prognosis after liver transplantation according to these criteria. Therefore, we identified the differences of etiology between western country and Korea, and analysed the prognostic factors after liver transplantation for FHF in this study. We retrospectively evaluated 42 patients diagnosed with FHF and underwent liver transplantation from April 1999 to April 2011 at Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. In this study, the cause of FHF has been identified as toxic in about 45%, viral hepatitis (HAV, HBV) in about 35% and idiopathic in about 12%. While acetaminophen was the most common cause of toxic hepatic failure in western country, herbal medication was the most common cause of FHF and tuberculosis medication followed in this study. Among 42 patients, 31 patients (74%) received living donor liver transplantation and 11 patients (26%) received deceased donor liver transplantation. In hospital mortality rate was 14% (n=6), and causes of death were sepsis in 3 patients, hepatic failure in 2 patients and brain edema in 1 patient. Among 36 patients with successful liver transplantation, only 1 patient died after 11 months due to GVHD and the rest of the people have been followed up to now. Development of hepatorenal syndrome and hepatopulmonary syndrome, onset time of hepatic encephalopathy and grade of hepatic encephalopathy were significantly different between survival group and death group in univariate analysis, however development of hepatorenal syndrome was the only definite poor prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. Other factors such as age, INR, BMI, MELD score showed no significant difference between groups. In this study, we identified the differences of etiology and prognostic factors after liver transplantation for FHF with western country. To confirm the prognostic factors after liver transplantation for FHF in east-asian countries that showed different etiology of FHF with western countries, large and multicenter studies should be performed.
Identification of a Novel Putative Gastrointestinal Stem Cell and Adenoma Stem Cell Marker, Doublecortin and CaM Kinase-Like-1, Following Radiation Injury and in Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/Multiple Intestinal Neoplasia Mice (2007)

In the gut, tumorigenesis arises from intestinal or colonic crypt stem cells. Currently, no definitive markers exist that reliably identify gut stem cells. Here, we used the putative stem cell marker doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1 (DCAMKL-1) to examine radiation-induced stem cell apoptosis and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)/multiple intestinal neoplasia (min) mice to determine the effects of APC mutation on DCAMKL-1 expression. Immunoreactive DCAMKL-1 staining was demonstrated in the intestinal stem cell zone. Furthermore, we observed apoptosis of the cells negative for DCAMKL-1 at 6 hours. We found DNA damage in all the cells in the crypt region, including the DCAMKL-1-positive cells. We also observed stem cell apoptosis and mitotic DCAMKL-1-expressing cells 24 hours after irradiation. Moreover, in APC/min mice, DCAMKL-1-expressing cells were negative for proliferating cell nuclear antigen and nuclear beta-catenin in normal-appearing intestine. However, beta-catenin was nuclear in DCAMKL-1-positive cells in adenomas. Thus, nuclear translocation of beta-catenin distinguishes normal and adenoma stem cells. Targeting DCAMKL-1 may represent a strategy for developing novel chemotherapeutic agents.
Coherent pulse detection and multi-channel coherent detection based on a single balanced homodyne receiver (2007)

The performance of coherent pulse detection (CPD) and multichannel coherent detection (MCCD) based on a single dual-balanced homodyne receiver was experimentally demonstrated using a gratingcoupled hybridly mode-locked semiconductor laser. Compared with direct detection, a high coherent gain of over 10 dB, as well as an SNR improvement of over 5 dB, was obtained in both detection schemes. Our experimental results have confirmed that the coherent detection processes in CPD and MCCD are nearly the same based on a square-root LO power dependence. Nevertheless, the MCCD scheme has shown an advantage in a path-length error over the CPD scheme, revealing 2~3 dB improvement in sensitivities.
A concurrent canonical and modified miRNAome pan-cancer study on TCGA and TARGET cohorts leads to an enhanced resolution in cancer (2021)

ABSTRACT MiRNA Epitranscriptomics has placed a new layer of complexity in the cancer field. Despite the fast-growing interest in miRNA editing and shifted miRNA isoforms, a simultaneous study of both modifications in cancer is still missing. Here, we concurrently profiled multiple miRNA modifications, including A-to-I RNA editing and shifted miRNA isoforms, in &gt;13K adult and pediatric tumor samples across 38 distinct cancer cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas and The Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments datasets. We investigated the differences among canonical miRNAs and the wider miRNAome in terms of expression, clustering, dysregulation, and prognostic standpoint. The combination of canonical miRNAs/miRNA isoforms boosted the quality of clustering results, outlining unique cohorts’ clinical-pathological features. We described modified miRNAs showing opposite dysregulation with respect to their canonical counterparts in cancer, potentially impacting their targetome and function. The abundance of expressed miRNA isoforms directly impacted the activation/deactivation of critical carcinogenesis pathways. Finally, we experimentally validated unique targeting for a shifted and edited miRNA isoform. Our findings outlined once more the importance of going beyond the well-established paradigm of one-mature-miRNA per miRNA arm to elucidate novel mechanisms related to cancer progression.
Supplementary Table 5 from Proteomic Profiling Identifies Dysregulated Pathways in Small Cell Lung Cancer and Novel Therapeutic Targets Including PARP1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 61K, mRNA transcripts significantly different between SCLC and NSCLC tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Inside Cover: Highly Selective Removal of Perfluorinated Contaminants by Adsorption on All‐Silica Zeolite Beta (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 33/2020) (2020)

Perfluorinated compounds have found wide applications but have adverse effects on health and the environment, and there is a need to selectively recover them from process and surface waters. In their Communication on page 14086, D. E. De Vos and co-workers show that a microporous zeolite Beta, in its all-silica form, shows outstanding capacity and affinity for the uptake of PFCs such as perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, even in the presence of other organic compounds.
Electric-field-assisted bipolar charge generation from internal charge separation zone composed of doped organic bilayer (2007)

For studying the mechanism of electric-field-assisted bipolar charges spouting from an internal charge separation (ICS) zone, three different categories of organic thin-film devices, which contain p-n heterojunction bilayer of tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane-doped N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine and Mg-doped tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) for the ICS zone, have been fabricated. The bipolar charge separation mechanism in p- and n-doped organic bilayer system was explained in terms of the charge generation-recombination mechanism used in traditional inorganic p-n homojunction diodes.
Reduced immunostaining for the extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor in primary and uremic secondary hyperparathyroidism. (1996)

Most parathyroid adenomas and some pathological parathyroid glands from patients with primary parathyroid hyperplasia or severe uremic secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidism show an elevated set-point [the extracellular Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+o) half-maximally inhibiting PTH secretion]. In the present study, we investigated whether expression of the Ca2+o-sensing receptor protein recently cloned from bovine parathyroid, a key component in Ca2+o-regulated PTH release, is altered in primary and uremic hyperparathyroidism. Using immunohistochemistry with specific antireceptor antibodies, we compared immunoreactivity of the receptor protein in 14 adenomas, biopsies of 24 normal glands from this same group of patients, and 8 hyperplastic parathyroid glands from 2 individuals with uremic hyperparathyroidism. The results show a substantial reduction in the intensity of immunostaining for the receptor protein that averaged nearly 60% for both adenomas and hyperplastic glands, as quantitated by image analysis. Although normal glands from normocalcemic controls were not available, the intensity of receptor staining in normal glands from patients with adenomas was comparable to that in normal bovine, rat, and mouse parathyroid glands. There was considerable variation in staining intensity among different pathological parathyroid glands, even in those from the same patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism. In addition, both adenomas and hyperplastic glands had, in some cases, isolated chief cells and groups of cells, sometimes around the periphery of an abnormal gland, with receptor staining equivalent to that of normal parathyroid cells, whereas the bulk of the cells in the same gland showed a marked decrease in staining. Thus, there is a variable, but substantial, reduction in the immunoreactivity of the Ca2+o-sensing receptor protein in both parathyroid adenomas and uremic hyperparathyroidism, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, that probably results from reduced expression of the receptor protein and may contribute to the increase in the set-point often observed in these patients.
Phase variants of Bordetella bronchiseptica arise by spontaneous deletions in the vir locus (1989)

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a common respiratory tract pathogen of many mammalian species. Nucleotide sequences from the locus involved in coordinate regulation of B. pertussis virulence factors, vir, were shown to have a high degree of homology to chromosomal DNA from virulent (Vir+) and avirulent (Vir-) strains of B. bronchiseptica. Small deletions, 50 bp to 500 bp, within the vir locus were found in some of the Vir- phase variants. The vir locus and the adjacent 5' portion of the fhaB structural gene were cloned from the parental Vir+ B. bronchiseptica strain on a 23.5 kb BamHI fragment. Restriction enzyme mapping of the cloned B. bronchiseptica vir locus revealed similarities with and differences from the previously cloned B. pertussis vir locus. The cloned B. bronchiseptica vir locus complemented spontaneous Vir- variants of Bordetella pertussis and B. bronchiseptica as well as vir::Tn5 mutants of B. pertussis. Comparison of various functions of the vir loci of B. bronchiseptica and B. pertussis revealed some interesting differences in the coordinate regulation of virulence factors.
Deploying diffserv in backbone networks for tight SLA control (2005)

The differentiated services architecture (Diffserv) enables service providers to offer tighter, more comprehensive service-level agreements (SLAs) for IP service performance. One way it does this is by letting designers engineer IP backbone networks to assure that SLA parameters are met on a per-class basis. This review covers best practices for designing, validating, deploying, and operating Diffserv in the network backbone. It also presents new results from router-based testing that demonstrate how, with Diffserv, high-performance backbone routers can achieve tight SLA capabilities.
Large‐scale, high‐solids enzymatic hydrolysis of steam‐exploded poplar (2011)

Abstract Enzymatic hydrolysis at high solids loadings is key to scale‐up of lignocellulosic biochemical conversion processes, because of potentially higher sugar and ethanol titers and lower hydraulic loads. However, high solids loadings can pose rheological challenges, reduce mass and heat transfer efficiency, and increase the concentration of enzyme inhibitors in the system, resulting in low conversion of glucan and xylan into fermentable sugars. In this study, ten batch enzymatic hydrolyses were conducted in a 200‐liter reactor, while monitoring sugar and inhibitor profiles. The effects of enzyme cocktail, biomass loading, pre‐treatment severity, and hydrolysis temperature were assessed using techno‐economic indicators to evaluate the efficacy of the enzymatic hydrolysis. For similar experimental conditions, different enzyme cocktails produced distinct hydrolysis outcomes allowing cocktail optimization. In spite of a rapid initial reaction rate, fermentable sugars concentrations reached a plateau after about 48 h, indicating severe inhibition. Increased biomass loadings did not proportionally increase sugar production. Both observations indicated the presence of severe inhibition, likely endogenous. Pre‐treatment at a lower severity (200 ° C for 8 min) led to the most efficient hydrolysis, while higher severities destroyed hemicellulose and led to lower overall sugar production. Lower saccharification temperatures (30–32°C) caused a 20% decrease in sugar conversion when compared to 50°C operation. Strategies to mitigate inhibition will be required if high‐solids enzyme hydrolysis is to be successfully scaled up to commercially relevant levels. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd
Magnetic Resonance Elastography (2012)

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) provides a quantitative assessment of tissue stiffness with a noninvasive method. It is based on the fact that the speed of shear wave propagation is closely related to tissue stiffness; the stiffer the tissue, the faster the speed. This chapter introduces several MRE approaches, from basic physics to potential applications. It deals with linear elastic materials, and provides a brief overview of some elementary concepts in linear elasticity regarding the relationship between stress and strain. Imaging methods in MRE can be roughly divided into three steps: excitation; tissue response measurement; and shear modulus reconstruction. MRE is a non-invasive imaging technique for recovering the mechanical properties of tissues. Controlled Vocabulary Terms elastic waves; magnetic resonance imaging
Reversal of chronic pain by activation of single GABAA receptor subtypes (2015)

SUMMARY The ability to perceive pain is a basic property of humans and of all other higher order animals. The primary role of pain sensation and nociception (that is, the neuronal activity encoding pain) is to protect against potentially harmful threats arriving from the environment or the body interior. Pain can however also become dysfunctional and persist for extended periods of time without an apparent benefit, instead becoming a major burden that requires medical attention. Chronic pain is a major socio-economic challenge, which – despite scientific advances in the understanding of its causes – remains poorly responsive to the drugs available on the market today. Recent insights into the mechanisms of chronic pain states suggest that a common factor for many kinds of persistent pain states is a loss of inhibition in spinal cord circuits that normally control nociceptive input to the brain. The so- called benzodiazepines – first marketed by Hoffmann-La Roche in the 1960s – are drugs that facilitate synaptic inhibition throughout the CNS and have as such the potential to reverse pathological disinhibition. Benzodiazepines facilitate inhibition by increasing the activity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at its receptor, a heteropentameric anion permeable ion channel. Although rodent studies have shown that pathologically increased pain sensitivity can be normalized by intrathecal (spinal) injection of benzodiazepines, these drugs do not exert clinically relevant analgesia in human patients, at least not after systemic application.&#13;\nIn this thesis, I have tested the hypothesis that benzodiazepines reverse pathological pain after systemic application if their action is restricted to well-defined subtypes of GABAA receptors. Using GABAA receptor point-mutated mice, I was able to demonstrate that selective targeting of GABAA receptors that contain the α2 subunit (α2-GABAA) receptors evoke pronounced pain relief in the absence of confounding and undesired sedation. I could also confirm previous findings that had proposed that activation of the same GABAA receptors induces anxiolysis and muscle relaxation. Importantly, selective targeting of α2- GABAA receptors avoided several unwanted effects of classical non-selective benzodiazepines including sedation, impairment of motor coordination, and the progressive loss of therapeutic efficacy over time. Using mice in which the action of classical benzodiazepine agonists was restricted to only a single GABAA receptor subtype, I could also propose a new hypothesis explaining why classical benzodiazepines lack clinically relevant analgesic properties. For two clinically used benzodiazepines (diazepam and midazolam), I could demonstrate that strong α1-GABAA receptor-mediated sedation occurs already at doses.
Two-Dimensional Self-Assembly into Multicomponent Hydrogen-Bonded Nanostructures (2004)

By means of scanning tunneling microscopy, we have explored the two-dimensional self-assembly of functional bicomponent hydrogen-bonding dye systems, leading to well-defined patterns, different from those of the individual components, and providing design rules to immobilize multicomponent systems at the liquid-solid interface.
Breaking Lorentz reciprocity to overcome the time-bandwidth limit in physics and engineering (2017)

A century-old tenet in physics and engineering asserts that any type of system, having bandwidth Δω, can interact with a wave over only a constrained time period Δ<i>t</i> inversely proportional to the bandwidth (Δ<i>t</i>·Δω ~ 2π). This law severely limits the generic capabilities of all types of resonant and wave-guiding systems in photonics, cavity quantum electrodynamics and optomechanics, acoustics, continuum mechanics, and atomic and optical physics but is thought to be completely fundamental, arising from basic Fourier reciprocity. We propose that this "fundamental" limit can be overcome in systems where Lorentz reciprocity is broken. As a system becomes more asymmetric in its transport properties, the degree to which the limit can be surpassed becomes greater. By way of example, we theoretically demonstrate how, in an astutely designed magnetized semiconductor heterostructure, the above limit can be exceeded by orders of magnitude by using realistic material parameters. Our findings revise prevailing paradigms for linear, time-invariant resonant systems, challenging the doctrine that high-quality resonances must invariably be narrowband and providing the possibility of developing devices with unprecedentedly high time-bandwidth performance.
A 260mV 468GOPS/W 256b 4-way to 32-way vector shifter with permute-assisted skip in 22nm tri-gate CMOS (2012)

A 4-way to 32-way reconfigurable 256b vector shifter with measured 2.3GHz operation consuming 41mW is fabricated in 0.9V, 22nm tri-gate CMOS. Byte-wise any-to-any permute-assisted skip for coarse-grained byte shifts, rotate-back shifter, reconfigurable mask bit generation/decoder and ultra-low voltage circuits enable 38% area reduction and 240mV-1.1V wide dynamic voltage range with a measured 8.2x higher energy efficiency at 260mV compared to nominal 0.9V operation.
Network selection for public WLANs (2004)

Wireless LAN (WLAN) Access Networks are being deployed in a variety of public places. With an ever-increasing number of WLAN users, public area hotspot locations, such as airports, are becoming prime real estate for operators competing to provide this service. Since operators cannot install their own WLAN infrastructure at all locations where subscribers may want to use the service, roaming agreements that allow customers to access WLAN service offered by roaming partner operators are essential. The presence of several operators that can provide WLAN services, directly or indirectly, via roaming in a hotspot poses a problem for the user I WLAN tenninal to discover and select the right network for AAA purposes. For the user, the desired experience is similar to cellular networks, where they are able to use the service without any knowledge of how the process of network discovery and selection is done. This paper defines the scope of this problem and provides realworld use-case scenarios where WLAN network discovery and selection is needed. It discusses possible access networkdependent and access network-independent solutions to the problem. It then analyses these solutions in light of the use-case scenarios and suggests preferred solutions.
Platelet-derived growth factor is an autocrine growth stimulator in retinal pigmented epithelial cells (1994)

The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) plays a major role in normal and exaggerated retinal wound repair; the latter can result in epiretinal membrane formation and loss of vision. The RPE forms a stable monolayer of highly differentiated cells that proliferates only during wound repair. The mechanism underlying the change to the proliferating phenotype is unknown. When grown on a plastic substratum, cultured RPE cells mimic the proliferating phenotype in situ; they escape density arrest and proliferate in serum-free medium. In this study, we have demonstrated that a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) autocrine loop is involved in RPE growth in serum-free medium, because: (1) RPE cells secrete PDGF into their media and express PDGF receptors; (2) the PDGF receptors on RPE cells are autophosphorylated in serum-free medium and suramin, an agent that displaces PDGF and other growth factors from their receptors, blocks the autophosphorylation; and (3) a neutralizing antibody to PDGF significantly decreases RPE growth in serum-free medium. When a linear scrape is made in an RPE monolayer, the cells migrate and proliferate to fill in the gap mimicking wound repair in situ. Cells along the edge of the scrape show increased expression of PDGF and PDGF-beta receptors, and increased staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization demonstrate expression of PDGF in ganglion cells and cells of retinal blood vessels. PDGF is not detected in the outer retina or RPE in untreated eyes, but is detected in RPE participating in wound repair, either adjacent to laser burns or underlying retinal detachment. PDGF and PDGF receptors are also expressed in RPE in epiretinal membranes removed during vitreous surgery. These data suggest that PDGF is an autocrine stimulator of growth in RPE that plays a role in retinal wound repair and epiretinal membrane formation.