gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymeric electro-optic materials and devices: meeting the challenges of practical applications (1993)

Practical applications of electro-optic polymers require thermally stable materials with high electro-optic coefficients and low absorption loss. In this report, we first review the properties of some azo-based electro-optic polymer materials and devices. We then describe a new class of electro-optic cardo polymers with glass transition temperatures greater than 200$DEGC.
Contribution of Transmission Electron Microscopy to Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Electrodes Development and Degradation Understanding (2016)

Journal Article Contribution of Transmission Electron Microscopy to Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Electrodes Development and Degradation Understanding Get access Laure Guétaz, Laure Guétaz Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceCEA, LITEN, F- 38054 Grenoble, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Miguel Lopez-Haro, Miguel Lopez-Haro Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceCEA, INAC, F-38054 Grenoble France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Pascale Bayle-Guillemaud, Pascale Bayle-Guillemaud Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceCEA, INAC, F-38054 Grenoble France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Arnaud Morin, Arnaud Morin Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceCEA, LITEN, F- 38054 Grenoble, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sylvie Escribano Sylvie Escribano Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceCEA, LITEN, F- 38054 Grenoble, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 22, Issue S3, 1 July 2016, Pages 1282–1283, https://doi.org/10.1017/S143192761600725X Published: 25 July 2016
Magnetic Field Effects on Triplet–Triplet Annihilation in Solutions: Modulation of Visible/NIR Luminescence (2013)

Photon upconversion based on sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) presents interest for such areas as photovoltaics and imaging. Usually energy upconversion is observed as <i>p</i>-type delayed fluorescence from molecules whose triplet states are populated <i>via</i> energy transfer from a suitable triplet donor, followed by TTA. Magnetic field effects (MFE) on delayed fluorescence in molecular crystals are well known; however, there exist only a few examples of MFE on TTA in solutions, and all of them are limited to UV-emitting materials. Here we present MFE on TTA-mediated visible and near infrared (NIR) emission, sensitized by far-red absorbing metalloporphyrins in solutions at room temperature. In addition to visible delayed fluorescence from annihilator, we also observed NIR emission from the sensitizer, occurring as a result of triplet-triplet energy transfer back from annihilator, termed "delayed phosphorescence". This emission also exhibits MFE, but opposite in sign to the annihilator fluorescence.
Supplementary Methods from Expression Profiling of Archival Tumors for Long-term Health Studies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 80K&lt;/p&gt;
Probabilistic interval-valued computation: representing and reasoning about uncertainty in dsp and vlsi design (2005)

In DSP and VLSI design, there are many variational parameters that are unknown during the design stage, but significantly affect chip performance. Some uncertainties are due to manufacturing process fluctuations, others depend on the dynamic context in which the chip is used, such as input patterns, temperature and voltage. Chip designers need to consider these uncertainties as early as possible to ensure chip performance, improve yield and reduce design cost. However, it is a challenging task to model uncertainties and predict the joint impacts of them, which often either requires high computational cost or yields unsatisfactory accuracy. 
Interval algebra provides a general solution to modeling and manipulating uncertainties. The idea is to replace scalar quantities with bounded intervals, and propagate intervals through arithmetic operations. A recent technique—affine arithmetic—advances the field in handling correlated intervals. However, it still produces overly conservative bounds due to the inability to consider probability information. 
The goal of this dissertation is to improve the accuracy of affine arithmetic and broaden its application in DSP and VLSI design. To achieve this goal, we develop a probabilistic interval method that enhances the interval representation and computations with probability information. First, we provide a probabilistic interpretation for affine intervals based on the Central Limit Theory. Based on this interpretation, we present a probabilistic bounding method that returns less pessimistic bounds of affine intervals. Second, we propose an enhanced interval representation form that utilizes probability information to handle asymmetric affine intervals. This addresses a fundamental issue of current affine arithmetic, i.e., it only represents center-symmetric intervals. This restriction highly limits the accuracy of nonlinear interval functions. By introducing center-asymmetric affine intervals, we are able to design better algorithms for nonlinear interval functions. We present the improved algorithms for common nonlinear functions, with emphasis on the multiplication and the division algorithms. Finally, we also realize that in many applications, detailed probability distribution within an interval is more desirable than its bounds. Therefore, another contribution of this dissertation is to enable our interval method to estimate not only the bounds, but also the distribution within an interval. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques by several applications in DSP and VLSI design.
Valve leaflet‐inspired elastomeric scaffolds with tunable and anisotropic mechanical properties (2019)

Fibrous scaffolds, which can mimic the elastic and anisotropic mechanical properties of native tissues, hold great promise in recapitulating the native tissue microenvironment. We previously fabricated electrospun fibrous scaffolds made of hybrid synthetic elastomers (poly(1,3‐diamino‐2‐hydroxypropane‐co‐glycerol sebacate)‐co‐poly (ethylene glycol) (APS‐co‐PEG) and polycaprolactone (PCL)) to obtain uniaxial mechanical properties similar to those of human aortic valve leaflets. However, conventional electrospinning process often yields scaffolds with random alignment, which fails to recreate the anisotropic nature of most of the soft tissues such as native heart valves. Inspired by the structure of native valve leaflet, we designed a novel valve leaflet‐inspired ring‐shaped collector to modulate the electrospun fiber alignment and studied the effect of polymer formulation (PEG amount [mole %] in APS‐co‐PEG; ratio between APS‐co‐PEG and PCL; and total polymer concentration) in tuning the biaxial mechanical properties of the fibrous scaffolds. The fibrous scaffolds collected on the ring‐shaped collector displayed anisotropic biaxial mechanical properties, suggesting that their biaxial mechanical properties are closely associated with the fiber alignment in the scaffold. Additionally, the scaffold stiffness was easily tuned by changing the composition and concentration of the polymer blend. Human valvular interstitial cells (hVICs) cultured on these anisotropic scaffolds displayed aligned morphology as instructed by the fiber alignment. Overall, we generated a library of biologically relevant fibrous scaffolds with tunable mechanical properties, which will guide the cellular alignment.
Laser-assisted photoemission from surfaces (2007)

Using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, we present experimental measurements that distinguish the laser-assisted photoelectric effect from other inherent surface processes, such as above threshold photoemission, space-charge acceleration and hot electron excitation.
Muscle Activity Detection during Sleep by Ear-EEG (2020)

Muscle activation during sleep is an important biomarker in the diagnosis of several sleep disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Muscle activity is typically assessed manually based on the EMG channels from polysomnography recordings. Ear-EEG provides a mobile and comfortable alternative for sleep assessment. In this study, ear-EEG was used to automatically detect muscle activities during sleep. The study was based on a dataset comprising four full night recordings from 20 healthy subjects with concurrent polysomnography and ear-EEG. A binary label, active or relax, extracted from the chin EMG was assigned to selected 30 s epoch of the sleep recordings in order to train a classifier to predict muscle activation. We found that the ear-EEG based classifier detected muscle activity with an accuracy of 88% and a Cohen's kappa value of 0.71 relative to the labels derived from the chin EMG channels. The analysis also showed a significant difference in the distribution of muscle activity between REM and non-REM sleep.
Interspecies chimeric conditions affect the developmental rate of human pluripotent stem cells (2021)

Human pluripotent stem cells hold significant promise for regenerative medicine. However, long differentiation protocols and immature characteristics of stem cell-derived cell types remain challenges to the development of many therapeutic applications. In contrast to the slow differentiation of human stem cells in vitro that mirrors a nine-month gestation period, mouse stem cells develop according to a much faster three-week gestation timeline. Here, we tested if co-differentiation with mouse pluripotent stem cells could accelerate the differentiation speed of human embryonic stem cells. Following a six-week RNA-sequencing time course of neural differentiation, we identified 929 human genes that were upregulated earlier and 535 genes that exhibited earlier peaked expression profiles in chimeric cell cultures than in human cell cultures alone. Genes with accelerated upregulation were significantly enriched in Gene Ontology terms associated with neurogenesis, neuron differentiation and maturation, and synapse signaling. Moreover, chimeric mixed samples correlated with in utero human embryonic samples earlier than human cells alone, and acceleration was dose-dependent on human-mouse co-culture ratios. The altered gene expression patterns and developmental rates described in this report have implications for accelerating human stem cell differentiation and the use of interspecies chimeric embryos in developing human organs for transplantation.
Supplementary Table S2 from Preclinical Development of the Anti-LAG-3 Antibody REGN3767: Characterization and Activity in Combination with the Anti-PD-1 Antibody Cemiplimab in Human <i>PD-1xLAG-3</i>–Knockin Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S2 shows PK data for REGN3767 in monkeys&lt;/p&gt;
Novel Polarized-Light Emitting Polymer Systems (2001)

A novel, polymer bilayer illumination system is presented from which linearly polarized light is emitted. Separation of the two polarization directions is achieved by total internal reflection of the undesired light component at the polymer-polymer interface. Model systems comprising optically isotropic polystyrene (PS) sheets and oriented, birefringent poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films with a relief structure to direct the light out of the systems displayed high polarizing capabilities: contrast ratios of over 10 for viewing angles between -10° and +20° were recorded in case of uncollimated incoming light. The use of a collimated light source resulted in contrast ratios of 20 up to over 40 over a viewing angle regime of -20° to +15°.
From Photons to Phonons and Back: A THz Optical Memory in Diamond (2013)

Optical quantum memories are vital for the scalability of future quantum technologies, enabling long-distance secure communication and local synchronization of quantum components. We demonstrate a THz-bandwidth memory for light using the optical phonon modes of a room temperature diamond. This large bandwidth makes the memory compatible with down-conversion-type photon sources. We demonstrate that four-wave mixing noise in this system is suppressed by material dispersion. The resulting noise floor is just 7×10(-3) photons per pulse, which establishes that the memory is capable of storing single quanta. We investigate the principle sources of noise in this system and demonstrate that high material dispersion can be used to suppress four-wave mixing noise in Λ-type systems.
Preclinical study of DNA vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

Abstract To fight against the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, the development of an effective and safe vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is required. As potential pandemic vaccines, DNA/RNA vaccines, viral vector vaccines and protein-based vaccines have been rapidly developed to prevent pandemic spread worldwide. In this study, we designed plasmid DNA vaccine targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein (S protein) as pandemic vaccine, and the humoral, cellular, and functional immune responses were characterized to support proceeding to initial human clinical trials. After intramuscular injection of DNA vaccine encoding S protein with alum adjuvant (three times at 2-week intervals), the humoral immunoreaction, as assessed by anti-S protein or anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody titers, and the cellular immunoreaction, as assessed by antigen-induced IFNγ expression, were up-regulated. In IgG subclass analysis, IgG2b was induced as the main subclass. Based on these analyses, DNA vaccine with alum adjuvant preferentially induced Th1-type T cell polarization. We confirmed the neutralizing action of DNA vaccine-induced antibodies via two different methods, a binding assay of RBD recombinant protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor of SARS-CoV-2, and pseudovirus assay. Further B cell epitope mapping analysis using a peptide array showed that most vaccine-induced antibodies recognized the S2 and RBD subunits, but not the S1 subunit. In conclusion, DNA vaccine targeting the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 might be an effective and safe approach to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
S/sup 2/I: a two-step approach to switched-currents (2002)

The principal causes of nonideal behavior which degrade precision and linearity in switched-current circuits, and the circuit techniques which are frequently applied to suppress them, are reviewed. These techniques include the use of negative feedback to reduce errors resulting from channel-length modulation and capacitive feedback, and fully-differential circuits with charge cancellation to reduce switch charge injection. It is argued that this piecemeal application of circuit techniques to suppress individual errors frequently carries penalties for silicon area, power dissipation, bandwidth and low supply voltage operation. An alternative approach is presented which attempts to enhance basic cell performance through successive refinement of the memorized sample. This is achieved in a two-step technique, called S/sup 2/ I, in which the input sample is coarsely memorized, a process which introduces a combination of all the normal errors, followed by detection and suppression of the combined errors. The circuit solution requires the addition to the basic memory cell of only two extra switches. The new cell carries little or none of the aforementioned penalties.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Deletion of thioredoxin-interacting protein improves cardiac inotropic reserve in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic heart (2016)

Although the precise pathogenesis of diabetic cardiac damage remains unclear, potential mechanisms include increased oxidative stress, autonomic nervous dysfunction, and altered cardiac metabolism. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) was initially identified as an inhibitor of the antioxidant thioredoxin but is now recognized as a member of the arrestin superfamily of adaptor proteins that classically regulate G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Here we show that Txnip plays a key role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. High glucose levels induced Txnip expression in rat cardiomyocytes in vitro and in the myocardium of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice in vivo. While hyperglycemia did not induce cardiac dysfunction at baseline, β-adrenergic challenge revealed a blunted myocardial inotropic response in diabetic animals (24-wk-old male and female C57BL/6;129Sv mice). Interestingly, diabetic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Txnip retained a greater cardiac response to β-adrenergic stimulation than wild-type mice. This benefit in Txnip-knockout hearts was not related to the level of thioredoxin activity or oxidative stress. Unlike the β-arrestins, Txnip did not interact with β-adrenergic receptors to desensitize downstream signaling. However, our proteomic and functional analyses demonstrated that Txnip inhibits glucose transport through direct binding to glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). An ex vivo analysis of perfused hearts further demonstrated that the enhanced functional reserve afforded by deletion of Txnip was associated with myocardial glucose utilization during β-adrenergic stimulation. These data provide novel evidence that hyperglycemia-induced Txnip is responsible for impaired cardiac inotropic reserve by direct regulation of insulin-independent glucose uptake through GLUT1 and plays a role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Effects of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Functionalization on the Morphology and Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Carbon Fiber/Vinyl Ester Composites (2013)

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/carbon fiber (CF)/vinyl ester (VE) laminate composites have been fabricated in this study. Pristine MWCNTs were treated with acid solution, which formed numerous oxygen-containing functional groups onto their surface, resulting in COOH-MWCNTs. Thereafter, acrylic functional groups were grafted onto the COOH-MWCNTs to generate acryl-MWCNTs. Three types of MWCNTs (pristine MWCNTs, COOH-MWCNTs, and acryl-MWCNTs) were used to reinforce the CF/VE-based composites. The dispersion of MWCNTs in the VE matrix and the interfacial interaction between MWCNTs and the VE matrix were investigated. Thereafter, the individual reinforcement efficiencies of these MWCNTs are compared. The flexural strength of the MWCNT/CF/VE composite with 1.0 phr acryl-MWCNTs content is 29.8% greater than that of neat CF/VE composites, and the flexural modulus of the MWCNT/CF/VE composite is 9.9% higher than that of neat CF/VE composites. Compared with neat CF/VE composites, 1.0 phr acryl-MWCNT/CF/VE composites exhibit an approximately 19.9 °C increase in glass transition temperature (Tg). The coefficients of thermal expansion significantly decreased from 47.2 ppm/°C of the neat CF/VE composites to 35.6 ppm/°C of the acryl-MWCNTs/CF/VE composites with 1 phr acryl-MWCNT content. This study provides a method for developing acryl-MWCNT/CF/VE composites with good dispersion of MWCNTs in VE matrix and strong interfacial interaction between the MWCNTs and VE matrix for enhancing the stress transfer from VE matrix to CF reinforcement.
FastSPECT II: a second-generation high-resolution dynamic SPECT imager (2004)

FastSPECT II is a recently commissioned 16-camera small-animal SPECT imager built with modular scintillation cameras and list-mode data-acquisition electronics. The instrument is housed in a lead-shielded enclosure and has exchangeable aperture assemblies and adjustable camera positions for selection of magnification, pinhole size, and field of view. The calibration of individual cameras and measurement of an overall system imaging matrix (1 mm(3) voxels) are supported via a five-axis motion-control system.Details of the system integration and results of characterization and performance measurements are presented along with first tomographic images. The dynamic imaging capabilities of the instrument are explored and discussed.
Evaluating the Damage Caused by Calcium Sulfate Scale Precipitation During Low- and High-Salinity-Water Injection (2014)

Summary Scale deposition is a serious oilfield problem, when two incompatible waters interact chemically and precipitate minerals. Typical examples are seawater with a high concentration of sulfate ions and formation water with high concentrations of calcium, barium, and strontium ions. Mixing these waters may cause precipitation of calcium, barium, and/or strontium sulfate. The removal of the entire sulfate content from seawater might be a costly process and requires highly advanced techniques (nanofiltration). This study was conducted to investigate the damage caused by deposition of calcium sulfate precipitation and to describe the damage by use of the material-balance method, and then a new technique is proposed to prevent the damage caused by calcium sulfate scale. Coreflooding experiments were performed to assess the damage caused by calcium sulfate and a computed-tomography (CT)scan was used to locate the damage inside the core. Chelating agents, such as hydroxyl ethylene diamine triacetic acid (HEDTA), ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), and hydroxy ethyl imino diacetic acid (HEIDA), were used to prevent scale deposition in the Berea sandstone cores. The pressure drop across the core caused by scale precipitation will be predicted analytically. The results of the experimental data showed reduction of permeability by 20% from its initial value after seawater injection, caused by calcium sulfate precipitation. The results of the new analytical model showed that in approximately 1 month, the injection will stop or the injection pressure will exceed the fracture pressure of the formation. High-salinity-water injection caused severe formation damage, and the injectivity declined faster compared with the low-salinity-water injection. The material-balance calculations showed a good match between the experimental, field, and predicted data. The developed model of the pressure drop caused by calcium sulfate precipitation was used to predict the pressure drop across the core, and its result was in a good match with the experimental results. The new method was effective in preventing and removing sulfate precipitation.
Focusing Plasmons in Nanoslits for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (2009)

The focusing of plasmons to obtain a strong and localized electromagnetic-field enhancement for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is increasing the interest in using plasmonic devices as molecular sensors. In this Full Paper, we report the successful fabrication and demonstration of a solid-state plasmonic nanoslit-cavity device equipped with nanoantennas on a freestanding thin silicon membrane as a substrate for SERS. Numerical calculations predict a strong and spatially localized enhancement of the optical field in the nanoslit (6 nm in width) upon irradiation. The predicted enhancement factor of SERS was 5.3 x 10(5), localized in an area of just 6 x 1.5 nm(2). Raman spectroscopy and imaging confirm an enhancement factor of approximately 10(6) for SERS from molecules chemisorbed at the nanoslit, and demonstrate the electromagnetic-field-enhancing function of the plasmonic nanoantennas. The freestanding membrane is open on both sides of the nanoslit, offering the potential for through-slit molecular translocation studies, and opening bright new perspectives for SERS applications in real-time (bio)chemical analysis.