gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using the Time Dimension to Sense Signals with Partial Spectral Overlap (2016)

In this work, we consider the wideband sensing problem of using a single antenna receiver for sensing an unknown number of incumbent signals occupying frequency bands that may be partially overlapping. Many communications standards today, such as the IEEE 802.11 and LTE-Advanced, use frequency bands that overlap amongst themselves or do not have a frequency guard band. Current sensing methods for a single antenna receiver sense for signal energy at individual frequencies and do not differentiate between signals. However, sensing each signal separately is necessary to make inferences about the higher layers of the incumbent communication system. Hence, in this work, signals are sensed as signal energy in a set of frequency bins instead of individual frequency bins. The number of signals and the frequency bands occupied by each are estimated. To achieve this, the temporal dimension is exploited by using periodic power measurements as input and the fact that radios transmit intermittently and not continually. Two algorithms are proposed. First, repeated non- negative matrix factorization is used to estimate the number of signals and the frequency support of each. Secondly, energy detection results on adaptively chosen frequency bins are used to detect the start and end of the frequency band occupied by each signal. Novel performance metrics are proposed since this is simultaneously a model size and parameter estimation problem. Systems with signals occupying adjacent partially overlapping frequency bands are simulated to evaluate the performance of both algorithms.
Scaling laws for the upper ocean temperature dissipation rate (2015)

Abstract Our understanding of temperature dissipation rate χ within the upper ocean boundary layer, which is critical for climate forecasts, is very limited. Near‐surface turbulence also affects dispersion of contaminants and biogeochemical tracers. Using high‐resolution optical turbulence measurements, scaling laws for χ are investigated under forcing states where either the daytime heat flux or the wind stress forcing is dominant. We find that χ remains constant over 1.5 times the significant wave height, while over a layer below, χ decays based on the local surface forcing. When the heat flux is dominant, traditional scaling based on the Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory remains valid; χ ∝ z −1 . When the wind stress dominates, we observe the emergence of a new scaling, χ ∝ z −1/2 , which is explained by invoking the effect of small‐scale coherent structures on vertical heat transport. These results have implications for improved modeling of the ocean's heat and CO 2 intake.
Fabrication of Silicon Nitride Nano-Ceramics by High-Energy Mechanical Milling and Spark Plasma Sintering (2005)

The fabrication of dense Si3N4 nano-ceramics via a high-energy mechanical milling process and subsequent spark plasma sintering (SPS) was reported in this paper. A thermodynamically stable β-Si3N4 powder mixed with 5-mol% Y2O3 and 2-mol% Al2O3 was used as starting powders for high-energy mechanical milling. Milling resulted in the significant decrease of crystalline size and the amorphization of the starting powders. Based on XRD measurements, the amount of the amorphous phase and the grain sizes of the remaining crystalline silicon nitride depended on the charge ratio. Milled powders could be SPSed at relatively low temperature. A homogenous dense silicon nitride ceramics with grain diameter of about 70 nm could be fabricated through SPS at a low temperature of 1600oC for 5 min. The significant decrease of grain size greatly increased the hardness of obtained ceramics.
Data characterization for automatically visualizing heterogeneous information (2002)

Automated graphical generation systems should be able to design effective presentations for heterogeneous (quantitative and qualitative) information in static or interactive environments. When building such a system, it is important to thoroughly understand the presentation-related characteristics of domain-specific information. We define a data-analysis taxonomy that can be used to characterize heterogeneous information. In addition to capturing the presentation-related properties of data, our characterization takes into account the user's information-seeking goals and visual-interpretation preferences. We use automatically-generated examples from two different application domains to demonstrate the coverage of the proposed taxonomy and its utility for selecting effective graphical techniques.
Advanced surface affinity control for DSA contact hole shrink applications (2017)

DSA patterning is a promising solution for advanced lithography as a complementary technique to standard and future lithographic technologies. In this work, we focused on DSA grapho-epitaxy process-flow dedicated for contact hole applications using polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA) block copolymers. We investigated the impact on the DSA performances of the surface affinity of a guiding pattern design by ArF immersion lithography. The objective was to control and reduce the polymer residue at the bottom of the guiding pattern cavities since it can lead to lower a DSA-related defectivity after subsequent transfer of the DSA pattern. For this purpose, the DSA performances were evaluated as a function of the template surface affinity properties. The surface affinities were customized to enhance DSA performances for a PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA block copolymer (intrinsic period 35nm, cylindrical morphology) by monitoring three main key parameters: the hole open yield (HOY), the critical dimension uniformity (CDU-3&sigma;) and the placement error (PE-3σ). Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was conjointly carried out on the optimized wafers to characterize the residual polymer thickness after PMMA removal. The best DSA process performances (i.e., hole open yield: 100%, CDU-3&sigma;: 1.3nm and PE-3&sigma;: 1.3nm) were achieved with a thickness polymer residue of 7 nm. In addition, the DSA-related defectivity investigation performed by review-SEM enabled us to achieve a dense (pitch 120nm) contact area superior to 0.01mm<sup>2</sup> free of DSA-related defects. This result represents more than 6x105 SEM-inspected valid contacts, attesting the progress achieved over the last years and witnessing the maturity of the DSA in the case of contact holes shrink application.
Improving resource efficiency with partial resource muting for future wireless networks (2017)

We propose novel resource allocation algorithms that have the objective of finding a good tradeoff between resource reuse and interference avoidance in wireless networks. To this end, we first study properties of functions that relate the resource budget available to network elements to the optimal utility and to the optimal resource efficiency obtained by solving max-min utility optimization problems. From the asymptotic behavior of these functions, we obtain a transition point that indicates whether a network is operating in an efficient noise-limited regime or in an inefficient interference-limited regime for a given resource budget. For networks operating in the inefficient regime, we propose a novel partial resource muting scheme to improve the efficiency of the resource utilization. The framework is very general. It can be applied not only to the downlink of 4G networks, but also to 5G networks equipped with flexible duplex mechanisms. Numerical results show significant performance gains of the proposed scheme compared to the solution to the max-min utility optimization problem with full frequency reuse.
Co-Ingestion of Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Carbohydrate Stimulates Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Following Resistance Exercise in Trained Young Men (2023)

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and carbohydrate (CHO) are commonly recommended postexercise supplements. However, no study has examined the interaction of CHO and BCAA ingestion on myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates following exercise. We aimed to determine the response of MyoPS to the co-ingestion of BCAA and CHO following an acute bout of resistance exercise. Ten resistance-trained young men completed two trials in counterbalanced order, ingesting isocaloric drinks containing either 30.6-g CHO plus 5.6-g BCAA (B + C) or 34.7-g CHO alone following a bout of unilateral, leg resistance exercise. MyoPS was measured postexercise with a primed, constant infusion of L-[ring13C6] phenylalanine and collection of muscle biopsies pre- and 4 hr postdrink ingestion. Blood samples were collected at time points before and after drink ingestion. Serum insulin concentrations increased to a similar extent in both trials (p > .05), peaking at 30 min postdrink ingestion. Plasma leucine (514 ± 34 nmol/L), isoleucine (282 ± 23 nmol/L), and valine (687 ± 33 nmol/L) concentrations peaked at 0.5 hr postdrink in B + C and remained elevated for 3 hr during exercise recovery. MyoPS was ∼15% greater (95% confidence interval [-0.002, 0.028], p = .039, Cohen's d = 0.63) in B + C (0.128%/hr ± 0.011%/hr) than CHO alone (0.115%/hr ± 0.011%/hr) over the 4 hr postexercise period. Co-ingestion of BCAA and CHO augments the acute response of MyoPS to resistance exercise in trained young males.
Asymmetric Imides as Electrolyte Additive for Lithium‐Ion Batteries with NCM111 Cathode (2020)

Abstract The synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of Li[N(SiMe 3 )(SO 2 R F )] (R F =CF 3 , n ‐C 4 F 9 ) as well their behavior as electrolyte additive in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is reported. The lithium salts were obtained by deprotonation of the corresponding acids HN(SiMe 3 )(SO 2 R F ) with n ‐butyllithium in n ‐pentane. The electrochemical investigations suggested potential as additives for LIBs. Thus, NCM111/graphite cells (NCM111=Li[Ni 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 ]O 2 ) with LP57 as electrolyte (LP57=1.0 M LiPF 6 in EC/EMC 3 : 7) were built to test the performance. Cells with Li[N(SiMe 3 )(SO 2 R F )] as additives show coulombic efficiencies of over 99.6 %, less capacity fading over 55 cycles and a significantly lower cell impedance built up.
TAPESTREA (2006)

We present a new paradigm and framework for creating highquality “sound scenes” from a set of recordings. A sound scene is a combination of background and foreground sounds that together evoke the sense of being in a specific environment. The ability to craft and control sound scenes is important in entertainment (movies, TV, games), virtual/augmented reality, art projects (live performances, installations) and other multimedia applications. Existing audio production tools require “untainted” versions of sound components and frequently involve tedious event-by-event editing. No system, to our knowledge, provides an arena for truly flexible “sound scene modeling by example,” where a sound scene can be composed from selected, extracted, and separated components of different existing scenes. We introduce a parametric, unified framework of analysis, transformation and synthesis techniques that allow users to interactively select components from existing sounds, transform these independently, and controllably recombine them to create new sound scenes in real-time. We call this system TAPESTREA: Techniques and Paradigms for Expressive Synthesis, Transformation and Rendering of Environmental Audio.
NOVEL METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZING INTUMESCENT POLYMERIC MATERIALS UPON BURNING (2019)

International audience
Advantages of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers LC-ESI-MS/MS for the Selective Extraction and Quantification of Chloramphenicol in Milk-Based Matrixes. Comparison with a Classical Sample Preparation (2007)

A simple and fast selective extraction of the antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAP) from milk (raw milk, skimmed milk, and milk powder) using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sorbent is described. The method entails a single centrifugation step prior to loading the supernatant onto the MIP cartridge and subsequent elution with a mixture of solvents. CAP was further analyzed by isotope dilution liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) operating in negative ionization acquisition mode. The advantages of the MIP approach were assessed by comparing the data generated from a classical solid-phase and liquid-liquid extractions procedure, previously developed in our laboratory. A better recovery of CAP due to an enhanced selectivity and a faster turnaround time (18 samples processed within 3 h compared to 8 h with the classical approach) were evidenced when using the MIP cleanup. The analysis of CAP in raw milk was further validated according to the 2002/657/EC European Union criteria for the analysis of veterinary drug residues at the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) of 0.3 microg/kg, using CAP-d(5) as internal standard. Non-internal-standard corrected recovery values ranged between 50% and 87% over the range of concentrations considered. The decision limit (CCalpha) and detection capability (CCbeta) were calculated to be 0.06 and 0.10 microg/kg, respectively.
Template Electropolymerization of Polypyrrole Nanostructures on Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite Step and Pit Defects (1998)

Polypyrrole nanostructures with diameters ⩽ 10 nm have been electropolymerized using step and pit defects on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as templates for electropolymerization. Step defects were naturally occurring, and pits were formed via oxidation of freshly cleaved surfaces of an HOPG wafer by heating at ∼640°C. Underpotential deposition of approximately ∼80 mV caused polypyrrole to form only on the step and pit edges of HOPG at and not on the basal plane. The size of these nanostructures could be controlled by limiting the pyrrole polymerization time at anodic potentials. Recent modeling results allow the morphology of the deposition to be inferred, and we find the electrochemical data consistent with wire‐shaped growth for up to 30 s at constant potential, after which the growth changes morphology. Scanning tunneling microscopy data confirm this result. Preliminary studies show that these polypyrrole nanostructures can be removed by sonication.
A cascade detector approach applied to vehicle occupant monitoring with an omni directional camera (2004)

Recently Viola et al. have described a fast and robust face detection system using Haar-Wavelet-like features, AdaBoost and a classifier cascade. This paper deals with some handicaps of AdaBoost and proposes some modifications to Viola's system. We then introduce a system for vehicle seat occupancy monitoring using an optical sensor.
Scalable Wi-Fi Client Self-Positioning Using Cooperative FTM-Sensors (2018)

This paper presents a protocol that enables an unlimited number of Wi-Fi users to position themselves within a meter-level accuracy and navigate indoors using time-delay-based Wi-Fi measurements. The proposed protocol, called collaborative time of arrival, is broadcast-based and relies on cooperation between the network sensors that support IEEE 802.11 fine-timing measurements (FTMs) capabilities, which are enabled in state-of-the-art Wi-Fi chipsets. The clients can estimate and track their position by passively listening to timing measurements that are exchanged between the FTM-sensors. The passive nature of the clients' operation enables them to maintain their privacy by not exposing their presence to the network. This paper outlines the principles of the protocol and the mathematical background of the position estimation algorithms. Both theoretical analysis of the expected positioning accuracy, as well as real-life system performance examples, are provided. The protocol's performance analysis is based on a publicly available database of real network measurements.
D-band Free Space Dielectric Characterization of a Low-Cost Ultradense Microdiamond Composite for Heat Spreading (2022)

Low-cost dielectric materials are needed above 100 GHz with low permittivity and loss tangent as well as significant thermal conductivity $(\sim 100W/m\cdot K)$. A free-space measurement setup is demonstrated to characterize a proposed ultradense diamond composite material at D-band. We leverage free-space calibration with the NIST iterative method to extract the permittivity and loss tangent and compare this approach with other methods. Time-domain gating is employed to reduce the uncertainty in the free space characterization. Our measurement indicates the diamond composite offers a relative permittivity of 3.5 and loss tangent of $3\times 10^{-2}$ from 110-140 GHz. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first report of diamond composite compatible with packaging requirements at D-band.
On the structure of N-chlorosuccinimide and N-bromosuccinimide. A photoelectron spectroscopic study (1978)

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Choice of Catheter Size for Infants in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Bigger Is Not Always Better* (2018)

Small size central vascular catheters display optimal rheologic performances in terms of pressures and flows particularly when the renal replacement therapy device is equipped with pumps proportional to central vascular catheters sizes, and even when relatively high blood flows are set. This is achieved at the risk of a higher hemolysis rate.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Epigenetic Potentiation of NY-ESO-1 Vaccine Therapy in Human Ovarian Cancer (2023)

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Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Test Beds for Assessing Neural Cell Responses to Competitive Growth Stimuli (2020)

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) component in soft tissues throughout the body and has found wide adoption in tissue engineering. This study focuses on the optimization of methacrylated HA (MeHA) for three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting to create <i>in vitro</i> test beds that incorporate regeneration-promoting growth factors in neural repair processes. To evaluate MeHA as a potential bioink, rheological studies were performed with PC-12 cells to demonstrate shear thinning properties maintained when printing with and without cells. Next, an extrusion-based Cellink BIO X 3D printer was used to bioprint various MeHA solutions combined with collagen-I to determine which formulation was the most optimal for creating 3D features. Results indicated that MeHA (10 mg/mL) with collagen-I (3 mg/mL) was most suitable. As Schwann cells (SCs) are a critical component of neural repair and regeneration, SC adhesion assessment <i>via</i> integrin β1 immunostaining indicated that the bioink candidate adequately supported SC adhesion and migration when compared to Col-I, a highly cell-adhesive ECM component. MeHA/collagen-I bioink was adapted for neural specific applications by printing with the neural growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). These test beds were conducive for SC infiltration and presented differential migration responses. Finally, a two-chamber <i>in vitro</i> test bed design was created to study competitive biochemical cues. Dorsal root ganglia were seeded in test beds and demonstrated directional neurite extension (measured by β-III tubulin and GAP43 immunostaining) in response to NGF and GDNF. Overall, the selected MeHA/collagen-I bioink was bioprintable, improved cell viability compared to molded controls, and was conducive for cell adhesion, growth factor sequestration, and neural cell infiltration. MeHA is a suitable bioink candidate for extrusion-based bioprinting and will be useful in future development of spatially complex test beds to advance <i>in vitro</i> models as an alternative to common <i>in vivo</i> tests for neural repair applications.
Coulomb Blockade of Two Quantum Dots in Series (1994)

A Coulomb blockade of two quantum dots in series has been investigated. Despite the two dots being connected by tunneling barrier, no electrostatic interaction is observed in the conductance. This result is consistent with numerical calculations performed by using experimental parameters. The interaction is reduced in a system where the ratio of inter-dot capacitance and the total capacitance is small.
Coherent diffractive imaging microscope with a tabletop high harmonic EUV source (2013)

Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) using EUV/X-rays has proven to be a powerful microscopy method for imaging nanoscale objects. In traditional CDI, the oversampling condition limits its applicability to small, isolated objects. A new technique called keyhole CDI was demonstrated on a synchrotron X-ray source to circumvent this limitation. Here we demonstrate the first keyhole CDI result with a tabletop extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source. The EUV source is based on high harmonic generation (HHG), and our modified form of keyhole CDI uses a highly reflective curved EUV mirror instead of a lossy Fresnel zone plate, offering a ~10x increase in photon throughput of the imaging system, and a more uniform illumination on the sample. In addition, we have demonstrated a record 22 nm resolution using our tabletop CDI setup, and also the successful extension to reflection mode for a periodic sample. Combining these results with keyhole CDI will open the path to the realization of a compact EUV microscope for imaging general non-isolated and non-periodic samples, in both transmission and reflection mode.
Lightweight Distributed Attestation Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks (2013)

In this paper, we considere a simple, distributed remote at- testation method for a WSN that does not require secret information, precise timing measurement, or a tamper-resistant device. In this paper, we present and analyze a new lightweight attestation scheme described below. The scheme is a distributed attestation scheme. Each node holds a value for the attestation of other nodes, and nodes use the values to check the validity of each other's data. The scheme uses a simple attestation function that reduces the burden of each attestation by just sending a value, thus allowing frequent attestations. No precise timing measurements or secret keys are required. The attestation is executed on the basis of a check for any changes in the quantity of data. There is no empty in a local storage area after the initialization process, and all the data in the entire local storage area is the target of the attestation. A compromised node may try to send valid data instead of altered data to a node that checks the validity of the data, but the victim node cannot hold both the valid data and the altered data without alteration of data in the local storage area, due to the lack of the space on the local storage area. When a sensor node finds any unexpected changes in the data, it terminates to prevent the propagation of malicious code.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids: The Combinatorial Challenge (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Probing radicals in hot wire decomposition of silane using single photon ionization (2001)

Radicals produced by the hot wire-induced decomposition of silane have been identified using vacuum ultraviolet single photon ionization (SPI). This laser-based technique uses 118 nm photons (10.5 eV) to ionize gas phase species; the resulting photoions are detected using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The major silicon-containing gas-phase species identified by SPI during hot-wire activation of silane gas are Si, SiH3, and Si2H6. These results demonstrate that single photon ionization can be a powerful probe for in situ, real-time detection of multiple species in hot wire chemical vapor deposition.