gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerology Scheduling for PAPR Reduction in Mixed Numerologies (2021)

The flexible mixed-numerology structure with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform is a key enabler to meet the requirements of various applications in fifth-generation (5G) and beyond wireless networks. However, the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is still one of the main drawbacks and conventional numerology selection can only provide PAPR reduction for the time-domain numerology multiplexing. In this letter, a novel numerology scheduling (NS) method is proposed to provide PAPR reduction for both time-domain and frequency-domain numerology multiplexing scenarios. For the proposed method, the signal with minimum PAPR is selected from a set of signals with different NS. The simulation results and complexity analysis demonstrate that the proposed method with a linearithmic complexity improves PAPR reduction compared to conventional numerology selection.
Defect density dependence ofthermal conductivity and temperature control ofquasi-phasematching devices (2005)

Thethermal conductivities ofLNandLTcrystals weremeasured. Theystrongly depended onthenonstoichiometric defect density. Near-stoichiometric LTexhibited the largest thermal conductivity, whichispromising agreat advantage inQPM frequency conversion. Optical Society ofAmerica
Six Nearly Complete Genome Segments of a Novel Reovirus Identified in Laotian Batflies (2019)

As part of the characterization of viral communities of Laotian batflies, we report here the sequencing of six nearly complete genome segments of a novel reovirus identified in Laotian batflies that is distantly related to reoviruses recently reported in various Diptera species.
Trastuzumab-HER/2 binding induced inhibition of cell growth and HER/2 tyrosine kinase activity (2007)

21146 Background: Cell lines containing the HER/2 amplicon are sensitive to Trastuzumab (T) mediated inhibition of cell growth. T blockade of cell growth signaling pathways have been hypothesized to occur by two mechanisms, inhibition of homo and hetro-dimerization of HER/2 with members of the EGFr family and inhibition of HER/2 phosphorylation. Methods: BT 474 and SK-BR3 breast cancer cell lines containing the HER/2 amplicon were cultured under condition demonstrating inhibitory effects of T by MTT and 3 H-Thymidine incorporation (0.25–50 micrograms/ml for up to 9 days). RNA extracts from treated and un-treated cells were analyzed and compared using two immunoassays for phosphorylated HER/2. Various growth conditions were assessed for T inhibition of phosphorylation including, serum free media, fetal calf serum, human pre and post menopausal serum, breast cancer patient's serum and normal male serum. Results: Breast cancer cell lines BT 474 and SK-BR3 both demonstrated cell growth inhibition when cultured with T over a wide range of concentrations down to 0.25 microgram/ml. The inhibitory effects on SK-BR3 were low but statistically significant in both MTT and 3 H-Thymidine incorporation assays. Examining this same concentration range of T on these cell lines demonstrated no appreciable reduction of phosphorylation by western blot analysis at various time points after exposure to T. Two different immune assays for HER/2 phosphorylation were analyzed. Further examination of replacement of fetal calf serum by human female pre and post menopausal serum samples or similar samples from breast cancer patients did not result in reduction of the phosphorylation signal. Conclusions: In this in vitro model T does not mediate effects through HER/2 tyrosine kinase inhibition under conditions that simulate clinical conditions. Whether inhibition of phosphorylation will be apparent at later time points is unknown. These finding may explain the activity of lapatinib, a HER/2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on T resistant breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A subset of dendritic cells express joining chain (J‐chain) protein (2007)

Joining chain (J-chain) is well known as an integrated component of dimeric immunoglobulin A (IgA) and pentameric IgM. We show here that the J-chain protein is also expressed in a subset of CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC) in C57BL/6 mice. J-chain knockout mice (J-/- mice) had a reduced fraction of CD4-/CD8alpha+ and mPDCA-1+ DC in the spleen. J-/- mice also had reduced levels of RNA for the immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the spleen. Furthermore, in lymph nodes from C57BL/6 mice the majority of J-chain-expressing CD11c+ cells also expressed IDO, while the number of IDO-expressing cells in lymph nodes and the amount of IDO protein in splenic CD11c+ cells were reduced in J-/- mice. Also, J-/- mice had a lower ratio of kynurenine/tryptophan in serum compared to C57BL/6 mice, indicating a lower overall IDO activity in J-/- mice. We also show that J-/- mice are less susceptible to tolerance induction than C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, our data show that J-chain protein is expressed outside the B-cell compartment in a subset of immunoregulatory DC that are compromised in animals that cannot express J-chain.
Modeling Sorption Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide in Glassy Polymeric Films Using the Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics Approach (2009)

The nonequilibrium thermodynamics of glassy polymers (NET-GP) approach (Macromolecules 2005, 38, 10299.) has been applied to the development of a one-dimensional transport model aimed at describing the kinetics of sorption and dilation of polymeric films in supercritical carbon dioxide. The NET-GP model was combined with a simple rheological constitutive equation to build a sorption−diffusion−relaxation model able to describe mass uptake and swelling kinetics of polymeric films in contact with carbon dioxide over a wide range of pressures and temperatures. The model calculations are compared with data on mass sorption kinetics for CO2 in supported glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films, measured in a high-pressure quartz crystal microbalance (QCM).
Watermark defect formation and removal for immersion lithography (2006)

In immersion lithography, water drop residue has been identified as the source of watermark defects. Many methods have been studied to reduce water drops outside of the immersion area. However, from a physical point of view, the wafer surface is very hard to keep dry after immersion exposure. The water drop residues easily cause watermark defects that ranges from micrometer-size circular defects to sub-micron scum defects. In this paper we describe a few new methods to understand watermark formation. We also describe our studies on various water drop sizes and their impact on CD and defects. Our results show that major watermark defects occur as a result of the presence of relatively small water drops. A few methods have also been studied to reduce the impact of watermarks in order to remove watermark-induced pattern defects on wafers. These methods include post-immersion exposure treatment as well as novel material and process improvement methods. By applying these methods, we are able to remove watermark defects without an additional resist protection layer while still maintaining good resist lithographic performance.
Progressive hip joint subluxation in Saul‐Wilson syndrome (2015)

Saul-Wilson syndrome (SWS) is a rare congenital skeletal syndrome characterized by postnatal onset of short stature, relative microcephaly, frontal bossing, prominent eyes with shallow orbits, midface hypoplasia, cataract, and generalized skeletal changes, including spondylar dysplasia, overtubulation of the long bones with metaphyseal flaring and megaepiphyses, coxa valga, elbow deformity, and brachydactyly. We describe a boy with the overall clinical and radiological features fitting the characteristics of SWS, although cataract, elbow deformity, and overt brachydactyly were not seen. He presented with painful hip joint due to hip subluxation in late childhood, which exacerbated with age and ultimately, required surgical intervention. Awareness of this orthopedic complication in SWS is essential in the management of patients with SWS.
Scalable Solvers of Random Quadratic Equations via Stochastic Truncated Amplitude Flow (2017)

A novel approach termed stochastic truncated amplitude flow (STAF) is developed to reconstruct an unknown n-dimensional real-/complex-valued signal x from m “phaseless” quadratic equations of the form ψ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> = I(a <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> , x)I. This problem, also known as phase retrieval from magnitude-only information, is NP-hard in general. Adopting an amplitude-based nonconvex formulation, STAF leads to an iterative solver comprising two stages: s1) Orthogonality-promoting initialization through a stochastic variance reduced gradient algorithm; and, s2) a series of iterative refinements of the initialization using stochastic truncated gradient iterations. Both stages involve a single equation per iteration, thus rendering STAF a simple, scalable, and fast approach amenable to large-scale implementations that are useful when n is large. When {a <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> } <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i= 1</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> are independent Gaussian, STAF provably recovers exactly any x ∈ ℝ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> exponentially fast based on order of n quadratic equations. STAF is also robust in the presence of additive noise of bounded support. Simulated tests involving real Gaussian {a <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> } vectors demonstrate that STAF empirically reconstructs any x ∈ ℝ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> exactly from about 2.3n magnitude-only measurements, outperforming state-of-the-art approaches and narrowing the gap from the information-theoretic number of equations m = 2n - 1. Extensive experiments using synthetic data and real images corroborate markedly improved performance of STAF over existing alternatives.
Comparison of voice activity detection algorithms for wireless personal communications systems (2002)

Voice activity detection (VAD) algorithms have become an integral part of many of the standardized wireless cellular and personal communications systems (PCS). We present a comparative study of the performance of three proposed VAD algorithms under various acoustical background noise conditions. We also propose new ideas to enhance the performance of a VAD algorithm in wireless PCS speech applications.
[Immunology in clinical practice. X. IgG receptors: structure, function and immunotherapy]. (1998)

Receptors for the constant or Fc part of IgG (Fc gamma R) constitute an important link between the humoral and cellular parts of our immune system. Fc gamma R expressed on leukocytes are capable of initiating immunological effector functions such as phagocytosis, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), degranulation, release of inflammatory mediators, production of oxygen radicals and regulation of antibody production. Soluble Fc gamma R in plasma play a modulator role in the immune system. The Fc gamma R expressed on endothelial cells (Brambell receptor: FcRB) is involved in regulation of IgG levels in blood and transport of maternal IgG to the unborn child. Experimental immunotherapy directed against haematological and solid tumours exploiting Fc gamma R-mediated functions has shown promising results.
Single metal and conducting polymer nanowire sensors for chemical and DNA detections (2006)

Due to the small size, sensitivity, real time detection, and ultra-low power demands, nanowire sensors are being investigated for detection of a wide range of chemical and biochemical species. However, techniques used to fabricate these nanowire sensors have drawbacks of limited controllability and manufacturability. Reliable and controllable nanowire fabrication remains a significant challenge. In this work, we have developed a fabrication technique that is potentially capable of producing arrays of individually addressable nanowire sensors with controlled dimensions, positions, alignments, and chemical compositions and are in the process of fabricating sensor arrays to detect gases, and biochemicals. Fabrication of single Pd nanowires with diameters from 70 nm to 300 nm and up to 7 µm in length will be presented. These nanowires are used to sense hydrogen gas at concentrations as low as 0.02% and show a response time of 300 msec with an operating power of 350 nW. We also recently demonstrated the feasibility of fabricating single polypyrrole and polyaniline nanowires and their application as DNA sensor (1 nM). Currently, we are investigating single nanowire field effect transistors (SNWFET) for possible applications which include label-free DNA detection, early detection of disease signatures, and environmental monitoring.
Learning and Management for Internet of Things: Accounting for Adaptivity and Scalability (2019)

Internet of Things (IoT) envisions an intelligent infrastructure of networked smart devices offering task-specific monitoring and control services. The unique features of IoT include extreme heterogeneity, massive number of devices, and unpredictable dynamics partially due to human interaction. These call for foundational innovations in network design and management. Ideally, it should allow efficient adaptation to changing environments, and low-cost implementation scalable to a massive number of devices, subject to stringent latency constraints. To this end, the overarching goal of this paper is to outline a unified framework for online learning and management policies in IoT through joint advances in communication, networking, learning, and optimization. From the network architecture vantage point, the unified framework leverages a promising fog architecture that enables smart devices to have proximity access to cloud functionalities at the network edge, along the cloud-to-things continuum. From the algorithmic perspective, key innovations target online approaches adaptive to different degrees of nonstationarity in IoT dynamics, and their scalable model-free implementation under limited feedback that motivates blind or bandit approaches. The proposed framework aspires to offer a stepping stone that leads to systematic designs and analysis of task-specific learning and management schemes for IoT, along with a host of new research directions to build on.
Effect of the environment microbiota on the flavour of light-flavour Baijiu during spontaneous fermentation (2018)

Light-flavour Baijiu is a type of Chinese liquor with a pure and mild flavour produced by traditional spontaneous solid-state fermentation. The flavour of this liquor has been found to vary in the different periods of annual production. To explore the factors affecting flavour, the microbiota of the surrounding environment, starter and fermentation process in different periods were investigated. Results showed that the ester content and acidity of light-flavour Baijiu were significantly lower when annual production was resumed after a summer break. HCA plot of volatile flavour profile and bacterial PCoA results indicated that the differences occurred at later stages, mainly due to different structures of Lactobacillus. Correlation analysis by O2PLS indicated that Lactobacillus positively correlated with esters. Species-level analysis showed that the lack of L. acetotolerans on the surface of the jar might cause a lag in fermentation and lower ester content. Thereafter, L. acetotolerans was revived during fermentation and enriched on the surface of the jar, which promoted ester formation. As important sources of L. acetotolerans, the air and fermentation jars played a critical role during fermentation. Therefore, this systematic study on environmental microbial ecology is valuable for quality control and to explore environmental microbiota functions during spontaneous fermentation.
Short-Term and Long-Term Results of Endoscopic Balloon Dilation for Achalasia: 12 Years’ Experience (2004)

Endoscopic balloon dilation is an effective treatment for achalasia, with minimal morbidity (60 % experience long-term benefit).
Preparation of Protected α-Methoxyglycine and Its Incorporation into Peptide Synthesis (1990)

Abstract A protected α-methoxyglycine Cbz-DL-Gly(OMe)-OMe (1) was prepared from the N-chloro derivative of Cbz-Gly-OMe. Catalytic hydrogenolysis of 1 in the presence of a mixed anhydride prepared from a Boc-amino acid and ClCO2Bui gave a diastereomeric protected dipeptide containing the Gly(OMe) residue. The dermorphin analogs L-Tyr-D/L-Gly(OMe)-L-Phe-Gly-NH2 were synthesized.
Targeted 2D/3D registration using ray normalization and a hybrid optimizer (2006)

X-ray images are often used to guide minimally invasive procedures in interventional radiology. The use of a preoperatively obtained 3D volume can enhance the visualization needed for guiding catheters and other surgical devices. However, for intraoperative usefulness, the 3D dataset needs to be registered to the 2D x-ray images of the patient. We investigated the effect of targeting subvolumes of interest in the 3D datasets and registering the projections with C-arm x-ray images. We developed an intensity-based 2D/3D rigid-body registration using a Monte Carlo-based hybrid algorithm as the optimizer, using a single view for registration. Pattern intensity (PI) and mutual information (MI) were two metrics tested. We used normalization of the rays to address the problems due to truncation in 3D necessary for targeting. We tested the algorithm on a C-arm x-ray image of a pig's head and a 3D dataset reconstructed from multiple views of the C-arm. PI and MI were comparable in performance. For two subvolumes starting with a set of initial poses from +/-15 mm in x, from +/-3 mm (random), in y and z and +/-4 deg in the three angles, the robustness was 94% for PI and 91% for MI, with accuracy of 2.4 mm (PI) and 2.6 mm (MI), using the hybrid algorithm. The hybrid optimizer, when compared with a standard Powell's direction set method, increased the robustness from 59% (Powell) to 94% (hybrid). Another set of 50 random initial conditions from [+/-20] mm in x,y,z and [+/-10] deg in the three angles, yielded robustness of 84% (hybrid) versus 38% (Powell) using PI as metric, with accuracies 2.1 mm (hybrid) versus 2.0 mm (Powell).
Boost derived DC-to-AC converter with zero voltage switching (2002)

In this paper, we present a single-ended DC-to-AC converter with zero voltage switching and output isolation. It is a current fed converter having variable frequency control to get symmetrical regulated AC output. The transformer provides electrical output isolation. Two switches operating in complementary fashion control the operation of the converter and provide transformer core resetting. The resonance of the parasitic capacitances with the magnetizing inductance of the transformer and output side inductor causes zero voltage switching for both switches in order to reduce switching losses. The output has an LCC resonant tank circuit which controls the power flow and shape of the output AC voltage. Steady state equations are presented and basic circuit operation is explained. Simulation results verifying the theoretical waveforms are also presented.
Layered Calcium Structures ofp-Phosphonic AcidO-Methyl-Calix[6]arene (2010)

Hexamethoxy-calix[6]arene has been fully functionalized with p-phosphonic acid groups on the upper rim in 57% yield over three steps, and has been authenticated in the solid state by X-ray diffraction as either a nitrate salt or one of two calcium complexes. The latter differ by the ratio of calcium ions per calixarene, either 3:1 or 4:1. In both structures the coordination sphere of the calcium ions is made up of oxygen atoms from the phosphonic acid groups and from water of crystallization, as part of extended polymeric layers in the extended 3D packing. Hirshfeld surface analysis shows extensive O...H and O...Ca interactions for the phosphonic acid moieties in both calcium structures. MALDI-TOF MS of the hexaphosphonic acid shows nano-arrays consisting of up to a maximum of 28 calixarene units.
Upper airway closing pressures in obstructive sleep apnea (1984)

We studied 18 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Each subject slept while breathing through the nose with a specially designed valveless breathing circuit. Low levels of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) applied through the nose (2.5-15.0 cmH2O) prevented OSA and allowed long periods of stable stage III/IV sleep and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Externally applied complete nasal occlusion while the upper airway was patent resulted in upper airway closure during inspiration which was identified by a sudden deviation of nasal pressure from tracheal or esophageal pressure. The level of upper airway closing pressure (UACP) did not change throughout the occlusion test, suggesting that upper airway dilator muscles do not respond to asphyxia during sleep. The upper airway was more collapsible during stage I/II non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) and REM sleep compared with stage III/IV NREM sleep. The pooled mean UACP was 3.1 +/- 0.4 cmH2O in stage I/II NREM, 4.2 +/- 0.2 cmH2O in stage III/IV NREM, and 2.4 +/- 0.2 cmH2O in REM sleep. Nasal occlusion at successively higher levels of CPAP did not alter the level of UACP in stage I/II NREM and REM sleep but resulted in the upper airway becoming more stable in stage III/IV NREM sleep, suggesting a reflex which augments the tone of upper airway dilator muscles.
Interferons as macrophage-activating factors. III. Preferential effects of interferon- gamma on the interleukin 1 secretory potential of fresh or aged human monocytes. (1985)

Human peripheral blood adherent leukocytes incubated with interferon (IFN) of three different species (alpha, beta, or gamma) show an enhanced potential of IL 1 synthesis and secretion that can be revealed by a second signal provided by endotoxins or Poly IC. We have shown that recombinant IFN-gamma, compared with recombinant IFN-alpha or purified IFN-beta, has preferential effects on IL 1 secretion in fresh monocyte cultures. We have observed a progressive and profound loss of the ability of adherent cell cultures to secrete IL 1 upon aging for 4 to 12 days in vitro. IFN-gamma was found to be more efficient than IFN-alpha or -beta at maintaining (when added at the onset of the cultures) or reversing the loss (when added on the fourth day of culture) of the IL 1 secretory function. These observations suggest that the secretion of IFN-gamma during the course of immune responses may have a critical role in feeding back the cascade of interleukins in a loop of amplification, and may thereby regulate macrophage-T lymphocyte interactions.
A single-chip CMOS bluetooth transceiver with 1.5MHz IF and direct modulation transmitter (2003)

A single-chip Bluetooth transceiver in 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS integrates a direct VCO modulation transmitter and 1.5MHz-IF receiver to reduce power consumption and cost. The receiver achieves a sensitivity of -77dBm and transmitting power of +4dBm.