gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ErAs epitaxial layers buried in GaAs: Magnetotransport and spin-disorder scattering (1989)

A detailed magnetotransport study of novel heterostructures comprised of epitaxial layers of semimetallic ErAs buried inside GaAs displays a cusplike anomaly in the magnetoresistance that is caused by spin-disorder scattering at the antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase boundary. The relatively low carrier concentration spares the Fermi surface from being cut by the broken symmetry and only spin disorder contributes to the anomaly.
Ultrasensitive assay for saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection (2022)

We demonstrated the ultrasensitivity and specificity assay and its concordance with PCR. This novel assay is especially valuable when compliance to frequent swabbing may be problematic.
Interface engineering of cellobiose dehydrogenase improves interdomain electron transfer (2023)

Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a bioelectrocatalyst that enables direct electron transfer (DET) in biosensors and biofuel cells. The application of this bidomain hemoflavoenzyme for physiological glucose measurements is limited by its acidic pH optimum and slow interdomain electron transfer (IET) at pH 7.5. The reason for this rate-limiting electron transfer step is electrostatic repulsion at the interface between the catalytic dehydrogenase domain and the electron mediating cytochrome domain (CYT). We applied rational interface engineering to accelerate the IET for the pH prevailing in blood or interstitial fluid. Phylogenetic and structural analyses guided the design of 17 variants in which acidic amino acids were mutated at the CYT domain. Five mutations (G71K, D160K, Q174K, D177K, M180K) increased the pH optimum and IET rate. Structure-based analysis of the variants suggested two mechanisms explaining the improvements: electrostatic steering and stabilization of the closed state by hydrogen bonding. Combining the mutations into six combinatorial variants with up to five mutations shifted the pH optimum from 4.5 to 7.0 and increased the IET at pH 7.5 over 12-fold from 0.1 to 1.24 s<sup>-1</sup> . While the mutants sustained a high enzymatic activity and even surpassed the IET of the wild-type enzyme, the accumulated positive charges on the CYT domain decreased DET, highlighting the importance of CYT for IET and DET. This study shows that interface engineering is an effective strategy to shift the pH optimum and improve the IET of CDH, but future work needs to maintain the DET of the CYT domain for bioelectronic applications.
The Regulator PerR Is Involved in Oxidative Stress Response and Iron Homeostasis and Is Necessary for Full Virulence of Streptococcus pyogenes (2002)

Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) and Fur-like proteins form an important family of transcriptional regulators in many bacterial species. In this work we have characterized a Fur-like protein, the peroxide regulator PerR, in an M1 serotype of Streptococcus pyogenes. To determine the role of PerR in S. pyogenes, we inactivated the gene by allelic replacement. PerR-deficient bacteria showed 48% reduction of (55)Fe incorporation from the culture medium. Transcriptional analysis revealed that mtsA, encoding a metal-binding protein of an ABC transporter in S. pyogenes, was transcribed at lower levels than were wild-type cells. Although total iron accumulation was reduced, the growth of the mutant strain was not significantly hampered. The mutant showed hyperresistance to hydrogen peroxide, and this response was induced in wild-type cells by growth in aerobiosis, suggesting that PerR acts as an oxidative stress-responsive repressor. PerR may also participate in the response to superoxide stress, as the perR mutant was more sensitive to the superoxide anion and had a reduced transcription of sodA, which encodes the sole superoxide dismutase of S. pyogenes. Complementation of the mutation with a functional perR gene restored (55)Fe incorporation, response to peroxide stress, and transcription of both mtsA and sodA to levels comparable to those of wild-type bacteria. Finally, the perR mutant was attenuated in virulence in a murine air sac model of infection (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that PerR is involved in the regulation of iron homeostasis and oxidative stress responses and that it contributes to the virulence of S. pyogenes.
DataCommons (2019)

Publicly available data from open sources are a vital resource for students and researchers in a variety of disciplines. Unfortunately, processing these datasets to make them useful --- scraping, cleaning, normalizing, joining --- is tedious, error prone and has to repeated by every group.DataCommons attempts to alleviate some of this pain by synthesizing a single Knowledge Graph from many different data sources. It links references to the same entities (such as cities, counties, organizations, etc.) across different datasets to nodes on the graph, so that users can access data about a particular entity aggregated from different sources. Like the Web, the DataCommons graph is open - any user can contribute data or build applications powered by the graph. In the Google DataCommons, we are jump-starting the graph with data from publicly available sources such as CDC, Census, BLS, FBI, etc. and are looking to engage with the academic community to take it further.
Primary Dural Repair after Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Cribriform Using Nonpenetrating Titanium Clips: Initial Experience and Surgical Technique (2018)

Objective Endoscopic endonasal repair of dural defects of the anterior skull base is challenging. We demonstrate a novel method of endoscopic endonasal primary dural repair using nonpenetrating microclips.
Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization (2010)

The Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization (APGV) is an emerging vital forum for the dissemination of the latest research at the intersection of computer graphics, visualization and perceptual science. This volume contains the proceedings of the seventh annual APGV, held in Los Angeles, USA on July 23 -- July 24, 2010; the meeting was co-located with and sponsored by ACM SIGGRAPH. The general goals of the symposium are to use insights from perception to advance the design of methods for visual, auditory and multi-sensory representation, and to use computer graphics to enable perceptual research that would otherwise not be possible. In addition to providing a place to communicate new results, APGV fosters interaction in this interdisciplinary area, which helps to define new productive directions for research and application.

We received 48 paper submissions of exceptional quality for APGV this year, which illustrates the healthy state of the field. Each submission was reviewed by at least three members of the International Program Committee. Based on the review, we accepted 27 as full papers to be presented orally at the conference (23 as long papers, and 4 as short papers). There will also be 12 poster presentations at the conference highlighting late-breaking research.
Automatic non-rigid registration of preoperative MRI and intraoperative US for US-guided neurosurgery - A preliminary study (2021)

Image guidance aids neurosurgeons in making critical clinical decisions to achieve a safe maximal resection of diseased tissue. The brain however undergoes significant nonlinear structural deformation due to multiple factors, including dura opening, fluid shifts, and tissue resection. While ultrasound (US) has shown promise in monitoring brain deformation and as a navigation image source in its own right, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) generally provides better contrast between tumor and brain tissue and pre-operative imaging can provide functional and connectivity information not available in US. Mapping pre-operative MRI (pMRI) onto intraoperative US (iUS) is therefore desirable for multimodal neurosurgical guidance. In this work, we present a novel approach that uses T1 intensity gradients to non-rigidly register pMRI to iUS. The method was validated on 22 datasets from the MICCAI CuRIOUS Challenge 2018 and an average landmark error of 4.89mm was achieved.
A 1.6 Gbyte/s data transfer rate 8 Mb embedded DRAM (1995)

An 8 Mb embedded DRAM has been developed. The salient feature of this embedded DRAM is page fault tolerance. Accessing across different pages can be performed using a minimum column cycle. This feature is achieved by placing a data latch and a transfer gate between the bit line sense amplifier and the column select gate. This DRAM can be reconfigured as separated 2 Mb units when it is embedded as a macro cell of an ASIC library.
Atomic Force Microscopy Study of Early Morphological Changes during Apoptosis (2005)

Apoptosis is defined by a distinct set of morphological changes observed during cell death including loss of focal adhesions, the formation of cell membrane buds or blebs, and a decrease in total cell volume. Recent studies suggest that these dramatic morphological changes, particularly apoptotic volume decrease (AVD), are an early prerequisite to apoptosis and precede key biochemical time-points. Here we use atomic force microscopy to observe early stage AVD of KB cells undergoing staurosporine-induced apoptosis. After a 3-h exposure to 1 microM staurosporine, a 32% decrease in total cell height and a 50% loss of total cell volume is observed accompanied by only a 15% change in cell diameter. The observed AVD precedes key biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis such as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatidyl serine translocation, nuclear fragmentation, and measurable caspase-3 activity. This suggests that morphological volume changes occur very early in the induction of apoptosis.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Methylene Complexes. Part 66. ((η5‐C5Me5)Re(CH3)4), the First Organo Rhenium(V) Compound Without a Heteroatom Ligand. (1987)

Abstract Starting with the trioxide (I) the title compound (IV) is obtained via the tetrachloro complex (II) as shown in the scheme.
Lagunamides A and B: Cytotoxic and Antimalarial Cyclodepsipeptides from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula (2010)

Lagunamides A (1) and B (2) are new cyclic depsipeptides isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula obtained from Pulau Hantu Besar, Singapore. The planar structural characterization of these molecules was achieved by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR experiments. In addition to Marfey's method and (3)J(H-H) coupling constant values, a modified method based on Mosher's reagents and analysis using LC-MS was deployed for the determination of the absolute configuration. Lagunamides A and B displayed significant antimalarial properties, with IC(50) values of 0.19 and 0.91 μM, respectively, when tested against Plasmodium falciparum. Lagunamides A and B also possessed potent cytotoxic activity against P388 murine leukemia cell lines, with IC(50) values of 6.4 and 20.5 nM, respectively. Furthermore, these cyanobacterial compounds exhibited moderate antiswarming activities when tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01.
Synthesis of the Monomeric Counterpart of Marinomycin A (2009)

An efficient and highly convergent synthesis of the monomeric counterpart of the antitumor-antibiotic marine natural product marinomycin A was achieved by using optically active titanium complexes to control the configuration of the stereogenic centers, a highly stereo- and regioselective cross-metathesis to generate the (E)-configured C20-C21 double bond, and a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination followed by a Pd-catalyzed Stille cross-coupling to construct the tetraene moiety.
The Effect of Dicer Knockout on RNA Interference Using Various Dicer Substrate Small Interfering RNA (DsiRNA) Structures (2022)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are artificial molecules used to silence genes of interest through the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, mediated by the endoribonuclease Dicer. Dicer-substrate small interfering RNAs (DsiRNAs) are an alternative to conventional 21-mer siRNAs, with an increased effectiveness of up to 100-fold compared to traditional 21-mer designs. DsiRNAs have a novel asymmetric design that allows them to be processed by Dicer into the desired conventional siRNAs. DsiRNAs are a useful tool for sequence-specific gene silencing, but the molecular mechanism underlying their increased efficacy is not precisely understood. In this study, to gain a deeper understanding of Dicer function in DsiRNAs, we designed nicked DsiRNAs with and without tetra-loops to target a specific mRNA sequence, established a Dicer knockout in the HCT116 cell line, and analyzed the efficacy of various DsiRNAs on RNAi-mediated gene silencing activity. The gene silencing activity of all DsiRNAs was reduced in Dicer knockout cells. We demonstrated that tetra-looped DsiRNAs exhibited increased efficacy for gene silencing, which was mediated by Dicer protein. Thus, this study improves our understanding of Dicer function, a key component of RNAi silencing, which will inform RNAi research and applications.
Management of postoperative inflammation after cataract and complex ocular surgeries: a systematic review and Delphi survey (2017)

Prevention and management of postoperative ocular inflammation with corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been evaluated in several randomised controlled trials (RCTs). However, neither consensus regarding the efficacies of different regimens nor established guidelines are currently available. This has resulted in different practice patterns throughout the world. A systematic literature review found that for the management of postcataract inflammation nepafenac produced a positive outcome in three of three RCTs (3/3), as did ketorolac (1/1), bromfenac (7/7), loteprednol (3/3) and difluprednate (6/6), but not flurbiprofen (0/1). A single study found that betamethasone produced inconclusive results after retinal detachment (RD) surgery; ketorolac was effective (1/1) after vitrectomy, but triamcinolone was ineffective (0/1) after trabeculectomy. A two-round Delphi survey asked 28 international experts to rate both the inflammatory potential of different eye surgeries and their agreement with different treatment protocols. They rated trabeculectomy, RD surgery and combined phacovitrectomy as more inflammatory than cataract surgery. Vitrectomies for macular hole or epiretinal membrane were not deemed more inflammatory than cataract surgery. For trabeculectomy, they preferred to treat longer than for cataract surgery (NSAID + corticosteroid three times a day for 2 months vs 1 month). For vitrectomy alone, RD surgery and combined phacovitrectomy, the panel preferred the same treatment as for cataract surgery (NSAID + corticosteroid three times a day for 1 month). The discrepancy between preferred treatment and perception of the eye's inflammatory status by the experts for RD and combined vitreoretinal surgeries highlights the need for RCTs to establish treatment guidelines.
Daily Intravesical Instillation of 1 mg Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ for the Control of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity: A Multicenter, Placebo Controlled, Randomized Exploratory Study (2006)

This study showed that intravesical nociceptin/orphanin FQ but not placebo inhibited the micturition reflex in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity incontinence, and demonstrated the clinical efficacy of nociceptin/orphanin FQ during 10 days of treatment. These findings support the use of nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor agonists as an innovative therapeutic approach for controlling detrusor overactivity incontinence.
5‐5: Distinguished Paper/Late-News Paper : The First 9.1‐inch Stretchable AMOLED Display based on LTPS Technology (2017)

In this work, we report a freeform shaped display based on LTPS AMOLED technology. Our AMOLED, developed with a unique pixel structure, can withstand in various desired shapes featuring its stretchable property with no degradation of image quality and device characteristics. We demonstrated unprecedented convex/concave shape of the 9.1‐inch AMOLED display by low‐temperature thermoforming process. Our approach would have great potential in creating a new platform for the future display applications with design freedom such as automotive and wearable electronics.
The conquest of middle-earth: combining top-down and bottom-up nanofabrication for constructing nanoparticle based devices (2014)

The development of top-down nanofabrication techniques has opened many possibilities for the design and realization of complex devices based on single molecule phenomena such as e.g. single molecule electronic devices. These impressive achievements have been complemented by the fundamental understanding of self-assembly phenomena, leading to bottom-up strategies to obtain hybrid nanomaterials that can be used as building blocks for more complex structures. In this feature article we highlight some relevant published work as well as present new experimental results, illustrating the versatility of self-assembly methods combined with top-down fabrication techniques for solving relevant challenges in modern nanotechnology. We present recent developments on the use of hierarchical self-assembly methods to bridge the gap between sub-nanometer and micrometer length scales. By the use of non-covalent self-assembly methods, we show that we are able to control the positioning of nanoparticles on surfaces, and to address the deterministic assembly of nano-devices with potential applications in plasmonic sensing and single-molecule electronics experiments.
Explosive fragmentation of liquids in spherical geometry (2016)

Rapid acceleration of a spherical shell of liquid following central detonation of a high explosive causes the liquid to form fine jets that are similar in appearance to the particle jets that are formed during explosive dispersal of a packed layer of solid particles. Of particular interest is determining the dependence of the scale of the jet-like structures on the physical parameters of the system, including the fluid properties (e.g., density, viscosity, and surface tension) and the ratio of the mass of the liquid to that of the explosive. The present paper presents computational results from a multi-material hydrocode describing the dynamics of the explosive dispersal process. The computations are used to track the overall features of the early stages of dispersal of the liquid layer, including the wave dynamics, and motion of the spall and accretion layers. The results are compared with new experimental results of spherical charges surrounded by a variety of different fluids, including water, glycerol, ethanol, and vegetable oil, which together encompass a significant range of fluid properties. The results show that the number of jet structures is not sensitive to the fluid properties, but primarily dependent on the mass ratio. Above a certain mass ratio of liquid fill-to-explosive burster (F / B), the number of jets is approximately constant and consistent with an empirical model based on the maximum thickness of the accretion layer. For small values of F / B, the number of liquid jets is reduced, in contrast with explosive powder dispersal, where small F / B yields a larger number of particle jets. A hypothetical explanation of these features based on the nucleation of cavitation is explored numerically.
InP-based Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays for three-dimensional imaging at 1.06 μm (2009)

We report on the development of 32 x 32 focal plane arrays (FPAs) based on InGaAsP/InP Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GmAPDs) designed for use in three-dimensional (3-D) laser radar imaging systems at 1064 nm. To our knowledge, this is the first realization of FPAs for 3-D imaging that employ a planar-passivated buried-junction InP-based GmAPD device platform. This development also included the design and fabrication of custom readout integrate circuits (ROICs) to perform avalanche detection and time-of-flight measurements on a per-pixel basis. We demonstrate photodiode arrays (PDAs) with a very narrow breakdown voltage distribution width of 0.34 V, corresponding to a breakdown voltage total variation of less than +/- 0.2%. At an excess bias voltage of 3.3 V, which provides 40% pixel-level single photon detection efficiency, we achieve average dark count rates of 2 kHz at an operating temperature of 248 K. We present the characterization of optical crosstalk induced by hot carrier luminescence during avalanche events, where we show that the worst-case crosstalk probability per pixel, which occurs for nearest neighbors, has a value of less than 1.6% and exhibits anisotropy due to isolation trench etch geometry. To demonstrate the FPA response to optical density variations, we show a simple image of a broadened optical beam.
Cooperative localization using angle of arrival measurements: sequential algorithms and non-line-of-sight suppression (2012)

We investigate localization of a source based on angle of arrival (AoA) measurements made at a geographically dispersed network of cooperating receivers. The goal is to efficiently compute accurate estimates despite outliers in the AoA measurements due to multipath reflections in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments. Maximal likelihood (ML) location estimation in such a setting requires exhaustive testing of estimates from all possible subsets of "good" measurements, which has exponential complexity in the number of measurements. We provide a randomized algorithm that approaches ML performance with linear complexity in the number of measurements. The building block for this algorithm is a low-complexity sequential algorithm for updating the source location estimates under line-of-sight (LOS) environments. Our Bayesian framework can exploit the ability to resolve multiple paths in wideband systems to provide significant performance gains over narrowband systems in NLOS environments, and easily extends to accommodate additional information such as range measurements and prior information about location.
Abstract 11422: Bola3 Deficiency Controls Endothelial Metabolism and Glycine Homeostasis in Pulmonary Hypertension (2018)

Background and Hypothesis: Deficiencies of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters, metal complexes that control redox state and mitochondrial metabolism, have been linked to pulmonary hypertension (PH), a dea...
Designing ultrathin film composite membranes: the impact of a gutter layer (2015)

Industrial membranes comprised of a thin selective layer (<100 nm) requires a gutter layer (<100 nm) between the selective layer and the porous support to achieve high permeance for gas separation. The gutter layer materials must be carefully chosen to enhance overall membrane performance, i.e., high permeance and high selectivity. However, the experimental determination of the optimum gutter layer properties is very challenging. Herein we address this need using a three dimensional (3D) computational model to systematically determine the effects of the gutter layer thickness and permeability on membrane performance. A key finding is that the introduction of a gutter layer between the selective layer and porous support can enhance the overall permeance of the penetrant by up to an order of magnitude, but this gain is accompanied by an undesired decrease in selectivity. The analysis also shows for the first time that a maximum increase in permeance with negligible decrease in selectivity is realized when the thickness of the gutter layer is 1-2 times the pore radius. The modeling approach provides clear and practical guidelines for designing ultrathin multilayer composite membranes to achieve high permeance and selectivity for low-cost and energy-efficient molecular separations.
Automated extraction and validation of children’s gait parameters with the Kinect (2015)

This work enables and validates the automated use of the Kinect for children's gait analysis in healthy subjects. In particular, the approach makes a step forward towards developing a low-cost, portable, parent-operated in-home tool for clinicians assisting young children.