gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identity-Certifying Authority-Aided Identity-Based Searchable Encryption Framework in Cloud Systems (2021)

In the era of cloud computing, massive quantities of data are encrypted and uploaded to the cloud to realize a variety of applications and services while protecting user confidentiality. Accordingly, the formulation of methods for efficiently searching encrypted data has become a critical problem. Public-key encryption with keyword search is an efficient solution that allows the data owner to generate encrypted keywords for a given document while also allowing the data user to generate the corresponding trapdoor for searching. Huang and Li proposed a public-key authenticated encryption with keyword search (PAEKS) scheme to resist keyword guessing attacks, where the data owner not only encrypts keywords but also authenticates them. However, existing PAEKS-related schemes carry a tradeoff between efficiency, storage cost, and security. In this article, we introduce a novel framework called identity-certifying authority-aided identity-based searchable encryption, which has the advantage of reducing storage space while remaining the efficiency and security. We formally define the system model and desired security requirements to represent attacks in a real scenario. In addition, we propose a provably secure scheme based on the gap bilinear Diffie–Hellman assumption and experimentally evaluate our scheme in terms of its performance and theoretical features against its state-of-the-art counterparts.
Anaerobic degradation of ethylbenzene and toluene in denitrifying strain EbN1 proceeds via independent substrate-induced pathways. (1999)

Denitrifying strain EbN1 utilizes either ethylbenzene or toluene as the sole source of organic carbon under strictly anoxic conditions. When cells were grown on ethylbenzene, 1-phenylethanol and acetophenone were detected in the culture supernatant. However, these two compounds were not observed when cells were grown on benzoate. Growth on ethylbenzene, 1-phenylethanol, or acetophenone strictly depended on the presence of CO2, whereas growth on benzoate did not. These results suggest that strain EbN1 degrades ethylbenzene via 1-phenylethanol and acetophenone as intermediates, and that acetophenone is subsequently carboxylated. In suspensions of benzoate-grown cells, induction was required for degradation of ethylbenzene, 1-phenylethanol, and acetophenone. Induction was also required for toluene-grown cells to gain activity to degrade ethylbenzene, and, conversely, for ethylbenzene-grown cells to degrade toluene. In accordance with our findings from these studies, two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of extracts of cells grown on benzoate, acetophenone, ethylbenzene, or toluene showed that a number of substrate-specific proteins were induced in strain EbN1. Growth on toluene or ethylbenzene induced a distinct set of proteins. However, some of the induced proteins in ethylbenzene or acetophenone grown cells were identical. This agrees with the finding that acetophenone is an intermediate in the degradation of ethylbenzene.
A New Synthetic Acceleration Technique Based on the Simplified Even-Parity SNEquations (2004)

Abstract The source iteration method or Richardson method is the most common technique utilized to solve the linear Boltzmann equation. However, this iterative method exhibits slow convergence for problems with optically thick regions and scattering ratio close to unity. Hence, an effective acceleration technique is necessary for achieving a converged solution in a reasonable amount of time. In this paper, we develop a new synthetic acceleration technique based on the simplified even‐parity SN (SEP‐SN) equations for the discrete ordinates method (SN). We have measured the effectiveness of the SEP‐SN acceleration technique for both fixed‐source and eigenvalue (k‐effective) problems.
Identification and characterization of novel recombinant vaccine antigens for immunization against genitalChlamydia trachomatis (2009)

Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection worldwide, with over 91 million cases estimated annually. An effective subunit vaccine against Chlamydia may require a multivalent subunit cocktail of antigens in a single formulation for broad coverage of a heterogeneous major histocompatibility complex population. Herein, we describe the identification of novel C. trachomatis antigens by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell expression cloning, serological expression cloning, and an in silico analysis of the C. trachomatis genome. These antigens elicited human CD4+ T-cell responses, and a subset proved to be immunogenic and protective when administered as immunoprophylactic vaccines against C. trachomatis challenge. Candidate vaccines consisting of the prioritized C. trachomatis antigens adjuvanted in a GlaxoSmithKline proprietary AS01B adjuvant were prioritized based on induction of solid protection against challenge in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice with C. trachomatis. Some of the vaccines prevented bacterial shedding and colonization of the upper genital tract to varying degrees by mechanisms that may include CD4+ T cells.
Development of High-Content Imaging Assays for Lethal Viral Pathogens (2010)

Filoviruses such as Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV) are single-stranded negative sense RNA viruses that cause acute hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics to counter filovirus infections in humans. The development of higher throughput/high-content primary screening assays followed by validation using the low-throughput traditional plaque or real-time PCR assays will greatly aid efforts toward the discovery of novel antiviral therapeutics. Specifically, high-content imaging technology is increasingly being applied for primary drug screening. In this study, the authors describe the challenges encountered when optimizing bioassays based on image acquisition and analyses for the highly pathogenic filoviruses Ebola and Marburg. A number of biological and imaging-related variables such as plating density, multiplicity of infection, the number of fields scanned per well, fluorescence intensity, and the cell number analyzed were evaluated during the development of these assays. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate the benefits related to the statistical analyses of single-cell data to account for heterogeneity in the subcellular localization and whole-cell integrated intensity of the viral antigen staining pattern. In conclusion, they show that image-based methods represent powerful screening tools for identifying antiviral compounds for highly pathogenic viruses.
A hybrid quantum enabled RBM advantage: convolutional autoencoders for quantum image compression and generative learning (2020)

Understanding how the D-Wave quantum computer could be used for machine learning problems is of growing interest. Our work explores the feasibility of using the D-Wave as a sampler for a machine learning task. We describe a hybrid method that combines a classical deep neural network autoencoder with a quantum annealing Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) using the D-Wave for image generation. Our method overcomes two key limitations in the 2000-qubit D-Wave processor, namely the limited number of qubits available to accommodate typical problem sizes for fully connected quantum objective functions, and samples that are binary pixel representations. As a consequence of these limitations we are able to show how we achieved nearly a 22-fold compression factor of grayscale 28 x 28 sized images to binary 6 x 6 sized images with a lossy recovery of the original 28 x 28 grayscale images. We further show how generating samples from the D-Wave after training the RBM, resulted in 28 x 28 images that were variations of the original input data distribution, as opposed to recreating the training samples. We evaluated the quality of this method by using a downstream classification method. We formulated a MNIST classification problem using a deep convolutional neural network that used samples from the quantum RBM to train the MNIST classifier and compared the results with a MNIST classifier trained with the original MNIST training data set, as well as a MNIST classifier trained using classical RBM samples. We also explored using a secondary dataset, the MNIST Fashion dataset and demonstrate the first quantum-generated fashion. Our hybrid autoencoder approach indicates advantage for RBM results relative to the use of a current RBM classical computer implementation for image-based machine learning and even more promising results for the next generation D-Wave quantum system. Our method for compression and image mappings is not constrained to RBMs, the autoencoder part of this method could be coupled with other quantum-based algorithms.
Health benefits of CLA – lessons from pig models in biomedical research (2004)

Abstract The objective of this review is to highlight the use of pig models for investigating safety, efficacy and the mechanisms of action of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Although CLA elicits positive effects in animal models and in vitro systems, a consistent concern in terms of translational research is that the health benefits observed by using these model systems cannot be extrapolated directly into humans. Conversely, the similarities between pigs and humans make the pig an ideal model for examining the health benefits of dietary supplements, functional foods and nutraceuticals. We have developed pig models of viral and bacterial infection to examine the preventive role of dietary CLA supplementation on virally induced immunosuppression and gut health, respectively. Results from these studies indicate that CLA significantly enhances the immune function while limiting the catabolic effects of uncontrolled immune and inflammatory responses. The scientific findings in pig models and human clinical trials demonstrate that CLA modulates immune responses in pigs and humans. Pig models of immunomodulation represent significant improvements over other animal models and in vitro systems because they mimic more closely the compartmentalization of the human immune system and the clinical presentation of human infectious, immune and inflammatory diseases.
Stabilization of Various Zero-Valent Metal Nanoparticles on a Superabsorbent Polymer for the Removal of Dyes, Nitrophenol, and Pathogenic Bacteria (2020)

In this work, a superabsorbent polymer, sodium polyacrylate, also known as water ball (WB), loaded with Ni, Cu, and Ag zero-valent metal nanoparticles (MNPs) was applied for environmental remediation. WBs loaded with Ni, Cu, and Ag NPs were evaluated for their catalytic performance against the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) and decolorization of methyl orange (MO), Congo red (CR), and methylene blue (MB) dyes. The apparent rate constants (<i>K</i> <sub>app</sub>) for the reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP in the presence of Ni, Cu, and Ag NPs were 2.1 × 10<sup>-1</sup>, 2.9 × 10<sup>-1</sup>, and 4.6 × 10<sup>-1</sup> min<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, indicating the strongest activity of WB loaded with Ag NPs as compared to the other two catalysts. Similarly, WB loaded with Ag NPs showed the highest <i>K</i> <sub>app</sub> values compared to the other two catalysts. Among all of the bacteria studied, except <i>Providencia stuartii</i> and <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, the zone of inhibition of Ag was higher as compared to that of the Ni and Cu NPs, however, slightly low from that of the reference standard tetracycline TE30. Furthermore, the synthesized catalysts were extensively characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses.
Introduction (2017)

This chapter is an introduction to the CNTs and their discovery, unique properties, importance, categorizations, and applications are briefly discussed. In the later chapters the CNTs classifications, CNTs properties, and the CNTs various synthesis procedures are explained in more detail.
Mathematical modeling and performance analysis for a two-stage acquisition scheme for direct-sequence spread-spectrum CDMA (1995)

Acquisition of synchronism is considered for DS/SS CDMA systems. For large systems with large timing uncertainties, it has been shown previously that acquisition in the presence of multiple-access interference may impose a significant limitation on capacity. This leads the authors to consider a system in which timing uncertainties are relatively small and to propose an acquisition scheme which exploits this to reduce complexity and acquisition overhead. The proposal may be appropriate for a microcellular environment for personal communications in which CDMA packet transmission is employed for both voice and data. Packetized transmission would imply that the overhead available for acquisition is small, and the large number of microcells would restrict the cost of the acquisition scheme used in the receiver in each microcell. The acquisition time required for a simple serial search scheme may therefore be unacceptably large. On the other hand, while acquisition using a passive matched filter is fast, the filter length required for reliable acquisition is liable to be excessive in terms of cost and complexity. Motivated by these considerations, the authors propose a two-stage acquisition scheme which employs a short programmable matched filter for initial detection, followed by a correlator for verification. Numerical results based on an approximate analysis of acquisition performance in the presence of multiple access interference are employed to compare the scheme with conventional acquisition schemes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Precision measurement of the B0s–$\overline{\rm B}{}^0_{\rm s}$ oscillation frequency with the decay B0s→ D−sπ+ (2013)

A key ingredient to searches for physics beyond the Standard Model in B0s mixing phenomena is the measurement of the B0s-B 0 s oscillation frequency, which is equivalent to the mass difference ms of the B0s mass eigenstates. Using the world's largest B0s meson sample accumulated in a dataset, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb-1, collected by the LHCb experiment at the CERN LHC in 2011, a measurement of ms is presented. A total of about 34 000 B0s D-s+ signal decays are reconstructed, with an average decay time resolution of 44 fs. The oscillation frequency is measured to be ms = 17.768 0.023 (stat) 0.006 (syst) ps-1, which is the most precise measurement to date.
Electrical Modeling of Thin-Film Transistors (2007)

Abstract An overview of device physics-oriented electrical modeling of thin-film transistors (TFTs) is presented. Four specific models are considered: (i) square-law, (ii) 3-layer, (iii) comprehensive depletion-mode, and (iv) discrete trap. For each model, a functional assessment of model equations is undertaken in terms of independent and dependent variables, model parameters, physical operating parameters, and constraining inequalities in order to facilitate mapping of model equations into a corresponding equivalent circuit. Channel mobility and "subthreshold" current trends are elucidated. Finally, a conductance integral equation based on Shockley's gradual channel approximation is introduced and is employed in model development and device assessment. Keywords: thin-film transistordevice modelingsquare-law model3-layer modelcomprehensive depletion-mode modeldiscrete trap modelconductance integral equationchannel mobilityfringing current artifactsseries resistancetrapping ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0245386 and by an IGERT fellowship under Grant No. 0549503, by the Army Research Office under Contract No. MURI E-18-667-G3, and by the Hewlett-Packard Company, and by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (MEMS/NEMS) Science and Technology Fundamentals.
Correction: Systems Analysis of MVA-C Induced Immune Response Reveals Its Significance as a Vaccine Candidate against HIV/AIDS of Clade C (2012)

Based on the partial efficacy of the HIV/AIDS Thai trial (RV144) with a canarypox vector prime and protein boost, attenuated poxvirus recombinants expressing HIV-1 antigens are increasingly sought as vaccine candidates against HIV/AIDS. Here we describe using systems analysis the biological and immunological characteristics of the attenuated vaccinia virus Ankara strain expressing the HIV-1 antigens Env/Gag-Pol-Nef of HIV-1 of clade C (referred as MVA-C). MVA-C infection of human monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) induced the expression of HIV-1 antigens at high levels from 2 to 8 hpi and triggered moDCs maturation as revealed by enhanced expression of HLA-DR, CD86, CD40, HLA-A2, and CD80 molecules. Infection ex vivo of purified mDC and pDC with MVA-C induced the expression of immunoregulatory pathways associated with antiviral responses, antigen presentation, T cell and B cell responses. Similarly, human whole blood or primary macrophages infected with MVA-C express high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines involved with T cell activation. The vector MVA-C has the ability to cross-present antigens to HIV-specific CD8 T cells in vitro and to increase CD8 T cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The immunogenic profiling in mice after DNA-C prime/MVA-C boost combination revealed activation of HIV-1-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell memory responses that are polyfunctional and with effector memory phenotype. Env-specific IgG binding antibodies were also produced in animals receiving DNA-C prime/ MVA-C boost. Our systems analysis of profiling immune response to MVA-C infection highlights the potential benefit of MVA-C as vaccine candidate against HIV/AIDS for clade C, the prevalent subtype virus in the most affected areas of the world.
Cloning of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Arginine Decarboxylase Gene and Its Expression during Fruit Ripening (1993)

Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) is the first enzyme in one of the two pathways of putrescine biosynthesis in plants. The genes encoding ADC have previously been cloned from oat and Escherichia coli. Degenerate oligonucleotides corresponding to two conserved regions of ADC were used as primers in polymerase chain reaction amplification of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genomic DNA, and a 1.05-kb fragment was obtained. This genomic DNA fragment encodes an open reading frame of 350 amino acids showing about 50% identity with the oat ADC protein. Using this fragment as a probe, we isolated several partial ADC cDNA clones from a tomato pericarp cDNA library. The 5' end of the coding region was subsequently obtained from a genomic clone containing the entire ADC gene. The tomato ADC gene contains an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 502 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of about 55 kD. The predicted amino acid sequence exhibits 47 and 38% identify with oat and E. coli ADCs, respectively. Gel blot hybridization experiments show that, in tomato, ADC is encoded by a single gene and is expressed as a transcript of approximately 2.2 kb in the fruit pericarp and leaf tissues. During fruit ripening the amount of ADC transcript appeared to peak at the breaker stage. No significant differences were seen when steady-state ADC mRNA levels were compared between normal versus long-keeping Alcobaca (alc) fruit, although alc fruit contain elevated putrescine levels and ADC activity at the ripe stage. The lack of correlation between ADC activity and steady-state mRNA levels in alc fruit suggests a translational and/or posttranslational regulation of ADC gene expression during tomato fruit ripening.
Separation of each deformation mode contribution from total crack energy density and its evaluation by path-independent integral. (1987)

Crack energy density is the parameter which is defined without any restriction on constitutive equation and is expected to successfully describe all kinds of behaviors of a crack. In this paper, the fundamental properties of crack energy density subject to mixed mode loading are discussed and, moreover, the evaluation of crack energy density by FEM is tried. The contents are as follows; 1) It is shown that total crack energy density in an arbitraty direction εψ can be separated into each deformation mode contribution. 2) It is shown that εψ and each deformation mode contribution can be expressed by path independent integrals without any restriction on constitutive equation. 3) The elastic finite element analyses of εψ and each deformation mode contribution are carried out using path independent integrals for a specimen under tension with a crack inclined to the loading axis. Through the results of these analyses, the evaluation method of each deformation mode contribution of εψ is discussed.
A bis(pyrazolyl)(bipyridyl)platinum complex (1992)

(4,4' -Dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl)bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolium)&#13;\nplatinum(II) 0.5-tetrahydrofuran solvate monohydrate, [Pt(C_5H_7N_2MC_(12)H_(12)-N2)].0.5C_4H_80.H_2O, M_r = 623.65, monoclinic, P2_1/n, ɑ = 8.625 (2), b = 20.593 (8), c = 14.451(4) Å, β = 90.32 (2)°, v = 2566.7 (14) Å^3, Z = 4, D_x = 1.61 g cm^(-3), λ(Mo Kɑ)= 0.71073 Å, μ = 55.50 cm^(-1), F(000) = 1232, room temperature, R = 0.0387 for 2874 reflections with F_o^2 &gt; 3σ(F_o^2). The square-planar Pt complex has normal Pt-N(bipyridyl) bonds [2.009 (8) Å] and slightly short&#13;\nPt-N(pyrazolyl) bonds [1.983 (7) Å]. The ligand molecules have normal distances and angles; the planes of the pyrazolyl ligands are twisted by about 60° to the bipyridyl-Pt plane, with the closest contacts between the pyrazolyls being -3.3 Å (Cl4···N5&#13;\nand C19···N3).
Double duct sign: reassessed significance in ERCP (1982)

The double duct sign, defined as an abnormality of both the pancreatic duct and the contiguous part of intrapancreatic common bile duct, was found in 52 of 1180 patients studied by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Thirty patients were proved to have pancreatic malignancy and 22, benign pancreatic disease. Specific ductal characteristics found to indicate a malignant process were ductal obstruction, especially of the common bile duct, close proximity of the biductal lesions, a short stenotic segment of the common bile duct removed from the papilla, an abrupt, irregular transition from normal to stenotic or obstructed duct. Ductal characteristics suggesting a benign process were long length of common bile duct stenosis, calcium deposits, pseudocyst formation, and ectasia of pancreatic ductal branches central to the main duct lesion. This analysis indicates that the double duct sign per se is not disease specific, but when other ductal characteristics are assessed as a component of this finding, the ability to differentiate benign from malignant pancreatic disease is enhanced.
Impact of Density, Load, and Mobility on the Performance of Routing Protocols in Vehicular Networks (2012)

Designing routing protocols in vehicular network is a challenging task due to the high mobility of nodes, the instability of wireless links, and the diversity of deployment scenarios. Several routing protocols have been designed with the goal of solving one or more specific problems of each scenario. In this paper, we present a performance evaluation of routing protocols in vehicular networks addressing the impact of density, load, and mobility pattern. Four protocols are evaluated in urban and highway scenarios. The results presented in this paper provide guidelines for network designers in planning efficient routing protocols for vehicular network, able to adapt to different scenarios.