gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HYPER-LP: a system for power minimization using architectural transformations (1992)

The increasing demand for “portable” computing and communication, has elevated power consumption to be the most critical design parameter. An automated high-level synthesis system, HYPER-LP, is presented for minimizing power consumption in application specific datapath intensive CMOS circuits using a variety of architectural and computational transformations. The sources of power consumption are reviewed and the effects of architectural transformations on the various power components are presented. The synthesis environment consists of high-level estimation of power consumption, a library of transformation primitives (local and global), and heuristic/probabilistic optimization search mechanisms for fast and efficient scanning of the design space. Examples with varying degree of computational complexity and structures are optimized and synthesized using the HYPER-LP system. The results indicate that an order of magnitude reduction in power can be achieved over current-day design methodologies while maintaining the system throughput; in some cases this can be accomplished while preserving or reducing the implementation area.
Hebbian and neuromodulatory mechanisms interact to trigger associative memory formation (2014)

A long-standing hypothesis termed "Hebbian plasticity" suggests that memories are formed through strengthening of synaptic connections between neurons with correlated activity. In contrast, other theories propose that coactivation of Hebbian and neuromodulatory processes produce the synaptic strengthening that underlies memory formation. Using optogenetics we directly tested whether Hebbian plasticity alone is both necessary and sufficient to produce physiological changes mediating actual memory formation in behaving animals. Our previous work with this method suggested that Hebbian mechanisms are sufficient to produce aversive associative learning under artificial conditions involving strong, iterative training. Here we systematically tested whether Hebbian mechanisms are necessary and sufficient to produce associative learning under more moderate training conditions that are similar to those that occur in daily life. We measured neural plasticity in the lateral amygdala, a brain region important for associative memory storage about danger. Our findings provide evidence that Hebbian mechanisms are necessary to produce neural plasticity in the lateral amygdala and behavioral memory formation. However, under these conditions Hebbian mechanisms alone were not sufficient to produce these physiological and behavioral effects unless neuromodulatory systems were coactivated. These results provide insight into how aversive experiences trigger memories and suggest that combined Hebbian and neuromodulatory processes interact to engage associative aversive learning.
Combining Transmit Antenna Weights with Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding (1999)

Multiple transmit and receive antennas can be used in wireless systems to acheive high data rate communications. Recently, space-time codes have been developed that utilize some of the capacity available. These codes are developed under the assumption that the transmitter has no knowledge about the channel. However, we consider the case when the transmitter has partial, but not perfect, knowledge about the channel and how toadjust the antenna weights at the transmitter. A criterion is derived that optimally determines the transmit antenna weights when well known block orthogonal space-time codes are used. Simulation results using two transmit antennas are included to demonstrate the performance.
Addition and annulation reactions between indoles and .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddition and annulation reactions between indoles and .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketonesRobert L. Garnick, Steven B. Levery, and Philip W. Le QuesneCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 6, 1226–1229Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00400a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00400a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reduced material loss in thin-film lithium niobate waveguides (2022)

Thin-film lithium niobate has shown promise for scalable applications ranging from single-photon sources to high-bandwidth data communication systems. Realization of the next generation high-performance classical and quantum devices, however, requires much lower optical losses than the current state of the art resonator (Q-factor of ∼10 million). Yet the material limitations of ion-sliced thin film lithium niobate have not been explored; therefore, it is unclear how high the quality factor can be achieved in this platform. Here, using our newly developed characterization method, we find out that the material limited quality factor of thin film lithium niobate photonic platform can be improved using post-fabrication annealing and can be as high as Q ≈ 1.6 × 108 at telecommunication wavelengths, corresponding to a propagation loss of 0.2 dB/m.
Molecular Structure and Crystal Packing of n-Type Semiconducting Material 3′,3′-(1,4-Phenylene)bis{2′-(4′′-trifluoromethyl)phenyl}acrylonitrile (2014)

The exact molecular structure and the crystal packing of the n-type semiconducting material 3′,3′-(1,4-phenylene)bis{2′-(4′′-trifluoromethyl)phenyl}acrylonitrile was determined by a single crystal X-ray diffraction with twin treatment technique. The air-stable product was crystallized from dichloromethane-hexane mixed solution. The solid-state structure is the example of a typical π - π stacking with side intermolecular CN–H short contact networks.
Neural scheduler with bounded response time andits application for real-time switches (1999)

The authors analyse a neural scheduler with bounded response time and propose its use in real-time switches.
Rho-kinase signalling mediates endotoxin hypersensitivity after partial hepatectomy (2008)

Hepatectomy increased susceptibility to LPS by Rho-kinase-dependent mechanisms. Blocking Rho-kinase signalling decreased LPS-induced liver injury in hepatectomized mice.
PtGe ohmic contact to n-type InP (1995)

A new ohmic contact system, Ge/Pt/Ge/Pt/n-InP, was studied systematically by measuring its specific contact resistance and by using Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray-diffraction analysis, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the system has a wide temperature range for annealing, i.e., 450–550 °C, to achieve the specific contact resistance of the order of 1.0×10−5 Ω cm2. It can achieve a low specific contact resistance of 7.71×10−6 Ω cm2 when it is subjected to rapid thermal annealing at 500 °C for 30 s. The whole process is a solid phase reaction so that a smooth surface morphology is obtained. The ohmicity is due to the heavy doping of Ge in the regrown InP film. The contact system exhibits good thermal stability, being able to maintain a low specific contact resistance of 9.15×10−6 Ω cm2 for 20 h, 400 °C aging, and 2.77×10−5 Ω cm2 for 80 h aging.
Tracking both pose and status of a traffic light via an Interacting Multiple Model filter (2014)

International audience
<title>Micromachined uncooled VO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula>-based IR bolometer arrays</title> (1996)

Bulk silicon micromachined IR bolometer detectors operating at room temperature are presented. These devices are based on VO<SUB>2</SUB> films typically exhibiting a thermal coefficient of resistance of the order of -3%/ degree(s)C. Detector sizes are 50 micrometers X 50 micrometers and 100 micrometers X 100 micrometers , and they are arranged in 1 X 64, 1 X 128 and 1 X 256 pixel linear arrays. A test bench for detector performance evaluation is described. The fabricated detectors exhibit responsivities of up to approximately 20,000 V/W, normalized detectivities typically exceeding 10<SUP>8</SUP> cmHz<SUP>1/2</SUP> W<SUP>-1</SUP>, and response times typically below 20 ms, At 300 K and a frequency of 30 Hz, the noise equivalent temperature difference for these detectors is of the order of 3 X 10<SUP>-2</SUP> degree(s)C. A bolometer simulation tool is also briefly described.
Simulation studies on the detection efficiency for a phoswich detector with background rejection capability (2002)

Simulation studies were performed on calculation of the detection efficiency for a phoswich detector with background rejection capability for continuous blood sampling system. The detector consists of a plastic scintillator, a BGO scintillator, and a photomultiplier tube (PMT). The pulse shape information is used to distinguish whether the detected event is a true event or a background one. First, we calculated the transmission efficiency of the positron in the tube. And we calculated the detection efficiency of positrons detected by the plastic scintillator. We also calculated the detection efficiency of 511 keV gamma photons by the BGO.
ELIMINATION OF REVERSAL FLOW IN BACK CLEARANCE GAPS OF A MINIATURE PEDIATRIC CENTRIFUGALBLOOD PUMP BY CFD (2005)

The configuration of a centrifugal pump has been widely used as a ventricular assist device (VAD) for adults and recently for infants and small children with failing ventricles. For such a centrifugal pump, the back clearance gap together with the central core and outer annular clearance gap jointly form a washout flow path. However, within the washout path, the flow demonstrates a complex 3-dimensional structure, whcih potentially causes cellular trauma and/or thrombosis and also affects hydrodynamic performance. The objective of this study was to eliminate the reversal flow in the back clearance gaps of a miniature pediatric centrifugal blood pump by CFD analyses and design optimization. A commercial CFD code, Star-CD, was utilized to simulate the 3-D blood flow within a miniature centrifugal pump. An implicit method based on multiple reference frames was used for the coupling between the rotational and stationary elements. A power law function was integrated into the code to evaluate hemolysis with the shear history being recorded by the Lagrangian particle tracking method. By CFD analyses and optimization design, it was found that secondary blades, located along the lower and side surfaces of the rotor, can generate antegrade blood flow in the clearance gaps. Through optimizing the secondary blades number and their geometry by CFD, we were able to achieve net antegrade flow with minimal zones of retrograde flow.
DMA engine for repeating communication patterns (2023)

A parallel computer system is constructed as a network of interconnected compute nodes to operate a global message-passing application for performing communications across the network. Each of the compute nodes includes one or more individual processors with memories which run local instances of the global message-passing application operating at each compute node to carry out local processing operations independent of processing operations carried out at other compute nodes. Each compute node also includes a DMA engine constructed to interact with the application via Injection FIFO Metadata describing multiple Injection FIFOs where each Injection FIFO may containing an arbitrary number of message descriptors in order to process messages with a fixed processing overhead irrespective of the number of message descriptors included in the Injection FIFO.
P3‐252: Subcortical atrophy in cognitive impairment: Epidemiology of dementia in singapore study (2015)

Cortical atrophy is a key neuroimaging feature of dementia. However, the role of subcortical gray matter reduction in cognitive impairment has not been explored extensively. We, therefore, examined the determinants of subcortical structures and their association with cognitive impairment in an elderly population from Singapore. A total of 623 Chinese and Malay subjects, who were recruited into the Epidemiology of Dementia in Singapore Study, underwent extensive neuropsychological tests and brain MRI. Subcortical volumes of the following structures were measured using a model-based automated procedure (FreeSurfer v 5.1): accumbens, amygdala, caudate, pallidum, putamen, thalamus and hippocampus. Cognitive function was expressed as both composite and domain-specific Z-scores. Regression models were constructed with adjustments for age, sex, race, education and additionally for cardiovascular and MRI markers. Among 623 subjects, 580 participants had gradable MRI scans and hence were included in the analysis. In multivariate adjusted models, the determinants of smaller subcortical structure volumes were increasing age, female sex, Malay ethnicity, presence of lacunes on MRI and white matter lesions volume. Furthermore, smaller volumes of accumbens [mean change in Z-score per SD decrease in volume: -0.11 (95%CI:-0.17; -0.04), amygdala [mean change in Z-score per SD decrease: -0.13 (95%CI: -0.20; -0.06)], caudate [mean change in Z-score per SD decrease: -0.07 (95%CI: -0.13; -0.01)], putamen [mean change in Z-score per SD decrease: -0.06 (95%CI: -0.12; -0.00)], thalamus [mean change in Z-score per SD decrease: -0.09 (95% CI: -0.15; -0.03)] and hippocampus [mean change in Z-score per SD decrease: -0.10 (95%CI: -0.17; -0.04)] were significantly associated with composite Z-scores. In terms of domain specific analysis, smaller volumes of the subcortical structures were also associated with worse performance on executive function, attention, language, visuoconstruction, visuomotor speed, visual memory and verbal memory. In this Asian population, smaller subcortical structure volumes were significantly associated with cognitive impairment and dementia, suggesting that besides cortical atrophy, subcortical grey matter atrophy is also important in the development of cognitive impairment and dementia.
Label-free and washing-free alkaline phosphatase assay using a personal glucose meter (2019)

We herein describe a personal glucose meter (PGM)-based method for a label-free and washing-free determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, which relies on the cascade enzymatic reactions promoted by hexokinase and pyruvate kinase to couple ALP activity with the amount of glucose. In principle, the presence of target ALP scavenges on adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), a phosphate source for hexokinase-catalyzed reactions, and thus suppresses the ensuing cascade enzymatic reactions. As a result, the initial high amount of glucose is maintained and the amount of glucose, which is proportional to ALP activity, is simply measured by a hand-held PGM. Based on this novel strategy, we successfully determined the ALP activity down to 8.9 U/L with the high selectivity. In addition, the diagnostic capability of this method was demonstrated by reliably assaying the ALP activity in non-diluted human blood without any pretreatment steps.
TOLERANCE INDUCTION IN RATS DOES NOT REQUIRE GRAFT RESIDENT DONOR-TYPE ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS (1998)

498 Background: It has been postulated that donor-type bone marrow-derived antigen presenting cells (APCs) may be important for tolerance induction via a mechanism of posttransplant microchimerism. Our goal was to use chimeric hearts created via BMT to test whether donor-type APCs are required for the induction and maintenance of cardiac allograft tolerance in the rat. Methods: Chimeric PVG hearts were created via DA→PVG BMTs. Elimination of PVG APCs was confirmed by flow cytometry, MLR, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Chimeric and naïve hearts were then used for heterotopic transplants, in which APCs were matched or mismatched to the recipient, while organ parenchyma was always mismatched to the recipient. To induce tolerance, oral cyclosporine (CyA, 20 mg/kg, ×10 days) was given following transplantation. Rejection was monitored by palpation of the graft and histological analysis was performed in a blinded fashion. Results: CyA led to permanent survival of PVG→DA heart grafts with minimal vascular changes. 5/7 chimeric PVG hearts survived long-term in untreated DA recipients, but uniformly demonstrated mild cellular rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). 4/6 chimeric PVG hearts survived long-term in CyA treated recipients, and two of these long-term surviving hearts that have been examined showed focal rejection and moderate CAV. Table Animals from all experimental groups accepted second naïve PVG hearts (normal histology) without immunosuppression (Group II: 3/3, Group III: 2/2, Group IV: 3/3) and rejected third party F344 hearts (Groups II, IV: 2/2), confirming induction of antigen-specific tolerance in CyA-treated recipients.Conclusions: Donor-type bone marrow-derived APCs are not required for tolerance induction in this rat model. Furthermore, these data support recently published work by Tullius et al showing that donor-specific tolerance can develop despite the presence of vasculopathy in the first graft.
Contractile actomyosin arcs promote the activation of primary mouse T cells in a ligand-dependent manner (2017)

Mechano-transduction is an emerging but still poorly understood component of T cell activation. Here we investigated the ligand-dependent contribution made by contractile actomyosin arcs populating the peripheral supramolecular activation cluster (pSMAC) region of the immunological synapse (IS) to T cell receptor (TCR) microcluster transport and proximal signaling in primary mouse T cells. Using super resolution microscopy, OT1-CD8+ mouse T cells, and two ovalbumin (OVA) peptides with different affinities for the TCR, we show that the generation of organized actomyosin arcs depends on ligand potency and the ability of myosin 2 to contract actin filaments. While weak ligands induce disorganized actomyosin arcs, strong ligands result in organized actomyosin arcs that correlate well with tension-sensitive CasL phosphorylation and the accumulation of ligands at the IS center. Blocking myosin 2 contractility greatly reduces the difference in the extent of Src and LAT phosphorylation observed between the strong and the weak ligand, arguing that myosin 2-dependent force generation within actin arcs contributes to ligand discrimination. Together, our data are consistent with the idea that actomyosin arcs in the pSMAC region of the IS promote a mechano-chemical feedback mechanism that amplifies the accumulation of critical signaling molecules at the IS.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Hydroamination of Difluoropropargyl Amides: Regioselective Synthesis of Fluorinated β‐ and γ‐Lactams. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comprehensive analysis reveals how single nucleotides contribute to noncoding RNA function in bacterial quorum sensing (2015)

Five homologous noncoding small RNAs (sRNAs), called the Qrr1-5 sRNAs, function in the Vibrio harveyi quorum-sensing cascade to drive its operation. Qrr1-5 use four different regulatory mechanisms to control the expression of ∼ 20 mRNA targets. Little is known about the roles individual nucleotides play in mRNA target selection, in determining regulatory mechanism, or in defining Qrr potency and dynamics of target regulation. To identify the nucleotides vital for Qrr function, we developed a method we call RSort-Seq that combines saturating mutagenesis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, high-throughput sequencing, and mutual information theory to explore the role that every nucleotide in Qrr4 plays in regulation of two mRNA targets, luxR and luxO. Companion biochemical assays allowed us to assign specific regulatory functions/underlying molecular mechanisms to each important base. This strategy yielded a regional map of nucleotides in Qrr4 vital for stability, Hfq interaction, stem-loop formation, and base pairing to both luxR and luxO, to luxR only, and to luxO only. In terms of nucleotides critical for sRNA function, the RSort-Seq analysis provided strikingly different results from those predicted by commonly used regulatory RNA-folding algorithms. This approach is applicable to any RNA-RNA interaction, including sRNAs in other bacteria and regulatory RNAs in higher organisms.
Formation and Characterization of NixInAs/InAs Nanowire Heterostructures by Solid Source Reaction (2008)

The formation of crystalline NixInAs and NixInAs/InAs/NixInAs heterostructure nanowires by the solid source reaction of InAs nanowires with Ni is reported for the first time. The fundamental kinetics of the Ni/InAs alloying reaction is explored, with the Ni diffusion reported as the rate determining step. The diffusivity of Ni is independent of the nanowire diameter, with an extracted diffusion activation energy of approximately 1 eV/atom. The metallic NixInAs exhibits a modest resistivity of approximately 167 micro omega x cm for diameters >30 nm, with the resistivity increasing as the nanowire diameter is further reduced due to the enhanced surface scattering. The alloying reaction readily enables the fabrication of NixInAs/InAs/NixInAs heterostructure nanowire transistors for which the length of the InAs segment (i.e., channel length) is controllably reduced through subsequent thermal annealing steps, therefore enabling a systematic study of electrical properties as a function of channel length. From the electrical transport studies, an electron mean free path on the order of a few hundred nm is observed for InAs NWs with a unit length normalized, ON-state resistance of approximately 7.5 k omega/microm. This approach presents a route toward the fabrication for high performance InAs nanowire transistors with ohmic nanoscale contacts and low parasitic capacitances and resistances.
Evolution in Catalyst Morphology Leads to Carbon Nanotube Growth Termination (2010)

A mechanism by which catalyst deactivation occurs during vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) growth is demonstrated. We have used both quantitative measurements of nanotube growth rates and ex situ and in situ transmission electron microscopy observations to show that termination of carbon nanotube (CNT) array growth can be intrinsically linked to evolution of the catalyst morphology. Specifically, we find that a combination of both Ostwald ripening and subsequent subsurface diffusion leads to loss of the Fe catalyst, and through direct observations, we correlate this with nanotube growth termination. These observations indicate that careful design of the catalyst and its support as well as the interaction between the two - is required to maximize nanotube yields.