gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning From Weakly Supervised Data by The Expectation Loss SVM (e-SVM) algorithm (2014)

In many situations we have some measurement of confidence on “positiveness” for a binary label. The “positiveness ” is a continuous value whose range is a bounded interval. It quantifies the affiliation of each training data to the positive class. We propose a novel learning algorithm called expectation loss SVM (e-SVM) that is devoted to the problems where only the “positiveness ” instead of a binary label of each training sample is available. Our e-SVM algorithm can also be readily extended to learn segment classifiers under weak supervision where the exact positiveness value of each training example is unobserved. In experiments, we show that the e-SVM algorithm can effectively address the segment proposal classification task under both strong supervision (e.g. the pixel-level annotations are available) and the weak supervision (e.g. only bounding-box annotations are available), and outperforms the alternative approaches. Besides, we further vali-date this method on two major tasks of computer vision: semantic segmentation and object detection. Our method achieves the state-of-the-art object detection performance on PASCAL VOC 2007 dataset. 1
Closed-Loop Class-D Amplifier With Nonlinear Loop Integrators (2010)

In many integrated class-D audio amplifiers large linear capacitors are used to create the triangular reference signals for generation of PWM signals. In this paper, an integrated class-D amplifier is presented that uses a control loop with area efficient nonlinear gate oxide capacitors. A model is used to show that the nonlinearity does not degrade the THD performance. To limit the maximum voltage on the gate oxide capacitor, a method was used to prevent voltage drift of the integrator output in case the amplifier is clipping. This method also improves the clipping recovery behavior. Measurements and simulations on two amplifiers with linear and nonlinear capacitors confirm that nonlinear capacitors do not introduce additional distortion. Measurements on the amplifier with and without the clipping recovery method confirm the improvement in clipping recovery.
Embedded sphere method for measuring dielectric breakdown in polymers and polymer composites (2009)

This work describes a new approach, the embedded sphere method, for measuring the dielectric breakdown field strength of pure polymers and polymer composites. In this method, a polished metal sphere is pressed into a polymer film heated above its glass transition temperature, resulting in partial embedment of the sphere. The degree of embedment can be varied by controlling the initial film thickness and the heating time and temperature. After cooling, we measure pre-breakdown leakage current and the breakdown voltage. Then we remove the sphere, confirm that breakdown occurred at the center of the indentation left by the sphere, and measure the minimum thickness at the center of the indentation. The embedded sphere method minimizes incidence of premature breakdown due to air near the point of contact. Scatter in breakdown field strength data is reduced when the indentation depth is greater than the average surface roughness of the film. We show breakdown field strength results for spin cast polystyrene films and composites.
Estimation of Non-functional Properties for Embedded Hardware with Application to Image Processing (2015)

In recent years, due to a higher demand for portable devices, which provide restricted amounts of processing capacity and battery power, the need for energy and time efficient hard and software solutions has increased. Preliminary estimations of time and energy consumption can thus be valuable to improve implementations and design decisions. To this end, this paper presents a method to estimate the time and energy consumption of a given software solution, without having to rely on the use of a traditional Cycle Accurate Simulator (CAS). Instead, we propose to utilize a combination of high-level functional simulation with a mechanistic extension to include non-functional properties: Instruction counts from virtual execution are multiplied with corresponding specific energies and times. By evaluating two common image processing algorithms on an FPGA-based CPU, where a mean relative estimation error of 3% is achieved for cache less systems, we show that this estimation tool can be a valuable aid in the development of embedded processor architectures. The tool allows the developer to reach well-suited design decisions regarding the optimal processor hardware configuration for a given algorithm at an early stage in the design process.
Serum immunoglobulin G subclass concentrations in periodontally healthy and diseased individuals (1994)

Patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) often have high titers of antibody reactive with the serotype-specific immunodominant carbohydrate antigen of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype b. The vast majority of this A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b-specific antibody is immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2). The present study was undertaken to determine whether the overall total levels of IgG2 in the sera of LJP patients are elevated. LJP patients and nonperiodontitis (NP) controls matched for age, race (black and white), and gender were studied. Additional controls included patients with adult periodontitis (AP) and patients similar in age to LJP patients but with the more-severe, generalized form of early-onset periodontitis (SP). Sera from over 700 periodontally characterized subjects were examined by using radial immunodiffusion to quantitate IgG2 as well as IgG1, -3, and -4, which were included for comparison. Serum IgG2 levels increased with age, and this was most dramatic around puberty. Black subjects in all periodontal groups had nearly 1 mg more IgG2 per ml than their white counterparts. Serum IgG2 levels were elevated (about 30 to 40%) in LJP patients of both races compared with their age- and race-matched NP controls (P < 0.01). In contrast, SP patients and AP patients had IgG2 levels comparable to their age- and race-matched NP controls. No other IgG subclass concentration correlated with periodontal diagnosis except for IgG3, which was elevated in white LJP patients. We reason that the high levels of serum IgG2 in LJP may be helpful in localizing periodontal destruction.
Towed Glider Air-Launch System (TGALS) (2015)

This presentation contains an overview of the Towed Glider Air-Launch System to be placed on NASAs Game Changing Development Program Office website.
Future Automotive HW/SW Platform Design (Dagstuhl Seminar 19502) (2020)

This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 19502 "Future Automotive HW/SW Platform Design". The goal of this seminar was to gather researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to discuss key industrial challenges, existing solutions and research directions in the design of future automotive HW/SW platforms, particularly focusing on predictability of systems regarding extra-functional properties, safe integration of hardware and software components and programmability and optimization of emerging heterogeneous platforms.
Corrigendum: Repurposing the Chemical Scaffold of the Anti‐Arthritic Drug Lobenzarit to Target Tryptophan Biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2015)

The amountoft arget enzyme (Mtb-AnPRT) in the assay for determining IC 50 values is listed correctly in mg mL À1 (0.044), but incorrectly in mm on p. 862 in the Experimental Section of this paper.Its hould state that 1.1 mm (0.044 mg mL À1 )o fthe target enzyme was used in these assays.Stock concentrations, rather than final concentrations, were listed in the media descriptiononp.863 in the Experimental Sectionofthis paper.Inaddition, the bioluminescent Mycobacterium marinum (Mma)c ontained luciferase from Photorhabdus luminescens,not Vibrio harveyi.The description of the preparation of Mma for growth inhibition experiments should read: Growth inhibition experiments with Mma in minimal media: Mma G13 containing an integrated expression vector for bacterial luciferase from Photorhabdusl uminescens (LuxAB) [23] was ag ift from Dr.Siouxsie Wiles (University of Auckland).Asingle colony of autoluminescent Mma was used to inoculate af lask of Middlebrook 7H9 liquid medium (Difco) with kanamycin(25 mgL À1 ), cycloheximide (100 mgL À1 ), and Tween 80 (0.05 %, v/v)a nd grown in as haking incubator at 30 8Cfor 6days, in order to obtain mid-log phase growth, that is OD 600 < 1.0.Cultures were then diluted 1/200 (final concentration of 0.5 %, v/v)i nto Hartmans-deBont (HdB) [58] minimal medium (100 mL) with tyloxapol (0.02 %, v/v)i n2Lb affled flasks.Aliquots of bacteria (1 mL) were frozen with liquid nitrogen after 20 days for Mma (OD 600 = 0.15) and stored at À80 8C.
Synthesis of the C(1)-C(15) segment of streptovaricin D (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the C(1)-C(15) segment of streptovaricin DWilliam R. Roush and Alan D. PalkowitzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 13, 3009–3011Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00274a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00274a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views535Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation from Castanospermum australe and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of 3,8‐Diepialexine, (1R,2R,3S,7S,8R)‐3‐Hydroxymethyl‐1,2,7‐trihydroxypyrrolizidine ((2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)‐2‐Hydroxymethyl‐1‐azabicyclo(3.3.0)octan‐3,4,6‐triol). (1989)

Abstract The isolation of the title compound (I) and the X‐ray structure of its hydrochloride (space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 , Z=4) are described.
Bisoprolol responses (PK/PD) in hypertensive patients: A cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 targeted polymorphism study (2020)

There is a possible association of <i>CYP2D6*2A</i> genotype with plasma concentration of bisoprolol. This could provide a helpful tool to choose the optimum dose for bisoprolol, depending on the patient's genotyping, in order to increase effectiveness and ameliorate its toxicity.
Cytotoxic Constituents of Aspergillus terreus from the Rhizosphere of Opuntia versicolor of the Sonoran Desert (2003)

A novel cyclopentenedione, asterredione (1), two new terrecyclic acid A derivatives, (+)-5(6)-dihydro-6-methoxyterrecyclic acid A (2) and (+)-5(6)-dihydro-6-hydroxyterrecyclic acid A (3), and five known compounds, (+)-terrecyclic acid A (4), (-)-quadrone (5), betulinan A (6), asterriquinone D (7), and asterriquinone C-1 (8), were isolated from Aspergillus terreus occurring in the rhizosphere of Opuntia versicolor, using bioassay-guided fractionation. Acid-catalyzed reaction of 2 under mild conditions afforded 4, whereas under harsh conditions 2 yielded 5 and (-)-isoquadrone (9). Catalytic hydrogenation and methylation of 4 afforded 5(6)-dihydro-terrecyclic acid A (10) and (+)-terrecyclic acid A methyl ester (11), respectively. The structures of 1-11 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity in a panel of three sentinel cancer cell lines, NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and SF-268 (CNS glioma), and were found to be moderately active. Cell cycle analysis of 2, 4, and 5 using the NCI-H460 cell line indicated that 4 is capable of disrupting the cell cycle through an apparent arrest to progression at the G(1) and G(2)/M phases in this p53 competent cell line. A pathway for the biosynthetic origin of asterredione (1) from asterriquinone D (7) is proposed.
Effects of Environmental and Microstructural Variables on the Plastic Deformation of Metal Matrix Composites Under Changing Temperature Conditions (1990)

A first order elastic-plastic model for the deformation of aligned, whisker-rein-forced metal matrix composites is developed. This model explains the experimentally observed weakening of these composites under thermal cycling conditions. This elastic plastic model and a more sophisticated power-law creep based model are used to demonstrate how deformation under stress and thermal cycling conditions will be affected by various environmental and microstructural variables. It is shown that the axial deformation rate is expected to increase with increasing amplitude and frequency of temperature cycles, and deformation rate should decrease with increasing matrix strength and whisker length. However, even continuous fiber reinforcement will allow for easy deformation if the composite is subjected to shear loading.
Yao's millionaires' problem and decoy-based public key encryption by\n classical physics (2013)

We use various laws of classical physics to offer several solutions of Yao's\nmillionaires' problem without using any one-way functions. We also describe\nseveral informationally secure public key encryption protocols, i.e., protocols\nsecure against passive computationally unbounded adversary. This introduces a\nnew paradigm of decoy-based cryptography, as opposed to "traditional"\ncomplexity-based cryptography. In particular, our protocols do not employ any\none-way functions.\n
Correction: Pd/Ni-metal–organic framework-derived porous carbon nanosheets for efficient CO oxidation over a wide pH range (2022)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D2NA00455K.].
On-orbit optical observations of the ESEX 26 kW ammonia arcjet (1999)

Abstract : During the course of eight flight firings of the ESEX 26 kW arcjet in March and April, 1999, optical observations from on-board and ground-based sensors were obtained. Images from the on-board still camera indicate that the nozzle temperature distribution is consistent with arcjet heating models and ground observations. Images of the thruster plume at 656 nm confirm predictions that the luminescent plume in the space environment is more diffuse and compact than the plume from a thruster operated in the laboratory at a higher background pressure. Finally, observations using a ground-based telescope reveal a mixed greybody/line emission spectrum over the range 325-675 nm. The spectral features and line ratios are similar to those observed in ground-based measurements.
Defect localization of metal interconnection lines in 3-dimensional through-silicon-via structures by differential scanning photocapacitance microscopy (2018)

We report a differential scanning photocapacitance microscopy technique based on the detection of light-induced capacitance changes allowing mapping of metal interconnection line defects in through-silicon-via (TSV) structures used in three-dimensional (3-D) integration technology. Due to the photosensitive silicon depletion capacitance, observation of the photocapacitance response enables non-destructive two-dimensional (2-D) visualization of metallization line ruptures in TSV structures. We demonstrate the application of the proposed method on a TSV chain structure and reveal the location of the open metallization rupture.
Permeation of several gases through elastomers, with emphasis on the deuterium/hydrogen pair (1993)

Abstract The diffusion and permeation coefficients for He, H 2 , D 2 , O 2 , and N 2 in a variety of elastomers were measured by simple manometric methods. The elastomers studied were butyl rubber; Hypalon® 40 and 45; Viton® E60 and GF; Hydrin® 100 and filled Hydrin® 100; Kraton® G, FG, and KG VTEOS; EPDM; epoxidized natural rubber; and neoprene. Consistent with earlier studies, elastomers with higher glass transition temperatures exhibited lower diffusion coefficients. The ratio of diffusion coefficients of the hydrogen isotope pair differed from the purely molecular‐weight‐based prediction. Deuterium's slightly smaller size relative to hydrogen is consistent with observed deviations from the molecular‐weight‐based diffusion coefficient ratio. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib (PCI-32765) (2013)

Over the past 3 years, ibrutinib (PCI-32765) has emerged as a breakthrough in targeted therapy for patients with certain types of B cell malignancies. Early stage clinical trials found ibrutinib to be particularly active in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), providing the rationale for ongoing phase 3 trials. In contrast to conventional chemo-immunotherapy, ibrutinib is not myelosuppressive, and responses are not affected by disease features that predict failure to respond to or short remission durations after chemo-immunotherapy, such as del17p. In CLL, ibrutinib characteristically causes an early redistribution of tissue-resident CLL cells into the blood, with rapid resolution of enlarged lymph nodes, along with a surge in lymphocytosis. Later, after weeks to months of continuous ibrutinib therapy, the growth- and survival-inhibitory activities of ibrutinib result in the normalization of lymphocyte counts and remissions in a majority of patients. This review discusses the discovery, preclinical and clinical development of ibrutinib, its pathophysiological basis, and outlines perspectives for future use of ibrutinib.
TRAUMATIC LOADING OF THE BRYAN CERVICAL DISC PROSTHESIS (2007)

After insertion of the Bryan disc, the remaining ligamentous tissues provide adequate acute stability to the spine.
Supplementary Figure S3 from <i>KIT</i> and <i>PDGFRA</i> Mutations and Survival of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Patients Treated with Adjuvant Imatinib in a Randomized Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Kaplan-Meier estimates of recurrence-free survival (A, C, E) and overall survival (B, D, F) of patients with KIT exon 11 insertion or duplication mutation (A, B), patients with PDGFRA exon 18 D842V mutation (C, D), and patients with no detected KIT or PDGFRA mutation (E, F). The 5-year and 10-year survival rates are shown. Censored patients are indicated with a bar.&lt;/p&gt;
CCL5 production in lung cancer cells leads to an altered immune microenvironment and promotes tumor development (2021)

Current immunotherapies for lung cancer are only effective in a subset of patients. Identifying tumor-derived factors that facilitate immunosuppression offers the opportunity to develop novel strategies to supplement and improve current therapeutics. We sought to determine whether expression of driver oncogenes in lung cancer cells affects cytokine secretion, alters the local immune environment, and influences lung tumor progression. We demonstrate that oncogenic EGFR and KRAS mutations, which are early events in lung tumourigenesis, can drive cytokine and chemokine production by cancer cells. One of the most prominent changes was in CCL5, which was rapidly induced by KRAS<sup>G12V</sup> or EGFR<sup>L858R</sup> expression, through MAPK activation. Immunocompetent mice implanted with syngeneic KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells deficient in CCL5 have decreased regulatory T cells (T<sub>regs</sub>), evidence of T cell exhaustion, and reduced lung tumor burden, indicating tumor-cell CCL5 production contributes to an immune suppressive environment in the lungs. Furthermore, high <i>CCL5</i> expression correlates with poor prognosis, immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, and alteration to CD8 effector function in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Our data support targeting CCL5 or CCL5 receptors on immune suppressive cells to prevent formation of an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment that promotes lung cancer progression and immunotherapy insensitivity.
An Oxidation Resistant Metal-Ceramic Functional Gradient Material: Material Concept and Processing Requirements (1999)

A new concept for achieving thermomechanical as well as oxidation resistance in a metal-ceramic FGM for thermal barrier applications is presented. The ceramic part of the thermal barrier is composed of a graded mixture of 8Y-ZrO 2 and a bimodal ZrSiO 4 with subsequent metal additions. By adapting the microstructure within the ceramic zone of the FGM to form a regular microcracknetwork, a significant reduction of the thermal expansion mismatch between the ceramic and the metal components of the graded structure is achieved, together with a decrease in thermal conductivity of the nearly dense zirconia-zircon-mixtures as compared to known porous zirconia coatings.
Opportunistic Cooperation for Distributed Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio (2011)

We consider a set of cognitive nodes cooperatively sensing the activities of a primary system. Two cooperative protocols are proposed, where cognitive nodes opportunistically transmit to each others, and finally each node makes a decision based its own observations. In the first protocol (Protocol 1), a node relays the signal received from the primary to the other nodes only if the signal energy is sufficiently large. In the second protocol (Protocol 2), given the knowledge of channel gains to the other nodes, a node transmits only if the channel gains are large. With two cognitive nodes, Protocol 1 improves the average detection probability by up to 50% relative to the protocol studied in. Compared to Protocol 1, while additional channel knowledge is needed, Protocol 2 saves up to 50% transmit power and maintains almost the same detection probability.
Incorporating GLONASS into Aviation RAIM Receivers (2013)

Recently the Russian government issued a mandate on the use of their GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS) for Russian operated aircraft [1]. There is some concern and uncertainty both in exactly what is required to satisfy the mandate and how best to conform to it. GLONASS recently re-established full operating capability and has 24 operational satellites in orbit. The addition of a second full constellation is, potentially, very beneficial to satellite navigation of aircraft. However, the GLONASS satellites do not have the same performance characteristics as the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. Therefore it is essential to understand these differences in any algorithm that seeks to determine a safe position based on the combined performance of these two systems.
Quantum advantage with shallow circuits (2018)

Quantum effects can enhance information-processing capabilities and speed up the solution of certain computational problems. Whether a quantum advantage can be rigorously proven in some setting or demonstrated experimentally using near-term devices is the subject of active debate. We show that parallel quantum algorithms running in a constant time period are strictly more powerful than their classical counterparts; they are provably better at solving certain linear algebra problems associated with binary quadratic forms. Our work gives an unconditional proof of a computational quantum advantage and simultaneously pinpoints its origin: It is a consequence of quantum nonlocality. The proposed quantum algorithm is a suitable candidate for near-future experimental realizations, as it requires only constant-depth quantum circuits with nearest-neighbor gates on a two-dimensional grid of qubits (quantum bits).