gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of the effects of metolazone and other diuretics on potassium excretion (1974)

The acute effects on potassium excretion of the new diuretic agent, metolazone, were compared to those of chlorothiazide, acetazolamide, furosemide, and ethacrynic acid. Metolazone was antikaliuretic when mildly natriuretic, nonkaliuretic when modestly natriuretic, and only minimally kaliuretic at the highest rates of sodium excretion obtained (apprOXimately 5% to 7% of filtered load). This action of the drug on potassium excretion was not obviated by superimposing its administration on steady‐state ethacrynic acid diuresis, but the provision of pharmacologic doses of mineralocorticoid did convert it to a frankly kaliuretic agent. In comparison to the other diuretics, metolazone showed the least tendency to induce urinary potassium loss, but ethacrynic acid was also nonkaliuretic at low levels of natriuresis. Both metolazone and ethacrynic acid were much less kaliuretic than the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: acetazolamide, furosemide, and chlorothiazide.
Prominent Electron Transport Property Observed for Triply Fused Metalloporphyrin Dimer: Directed Columnar Liquid Crystalline Assembly by Amphiphilic Molecular Design (2008)

A triply fused copper porphyrin dimer, when site-specifically modified on its periphery with hydrophobic and hydrophilic wedges (1C12/TEG), self-assembles into a columnar liquid crystalline (LC) mesophase over a wide-temperature range from -17 to 99 degrees C but gives rise to an amorphous solid when modified with only hydrophobic (1C12/C12) or hydrophilic wedges (1TEG/TEG). A LC film of 1C12/TEG displays at 16 degrees C a top-class one-dimensional electron mobility (0.27 cm2/V x s), as evaluated from its maximum flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity.
Observation of yttrium oxide segregation in a ZrO 2 ‐SiO 2 glass‐ceramic at nanometer dimensions (2020)

Abstract Dopant segregation at grain boundaries (GBs) in ceramics has been widely reported, while whether similar segregation behavior occurs in glass‐ceramics remains unknown. The distribution of dopant in glass‐ceramics may be totally different due to the existence of glass phase. This study examines the distribution of Y 3+ ions in a ZrO 2 ‐SiO 2 glass‐ceramic. Two samples were prepared by hot pressing, yttrium oxide‐doped, and undoped 65 mol% ZrO 2 ‐35 mol% SiO 2 nanocrystalline glass‐ceramics (NCGCs). The NCGCs had the same microstructure, that is, ZrO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in an amorphous SiO 2 matrix. XRD results showed that the undoped NCGC was composed of 20.9 wt% (weight percentage) monoclinic ZrO 2 (m‐ZrO 2 ) and 79.1 wt% tetragonal ZrO 2 (t‐ZrO 2 ), while the yttrium oxide‐doped NCGC was composed of 9.6 wt% m‐ZrO 2 and 90.4 wt% t‐ZrO 2 . X‐ray energy‐dispersive spectrometry (EDS) results in scanning electron transmission microscopy (STEM) mode demonstrated that Y 3+ ions segregated both on the surface of ZrO 2 NPs and within the thin intergranular glass film (with a thickness of approximately 7 Å) between ZrO 2 NPs in the yttrium oxide‐doped NCGC. Interestingly, no obvious Y signals were detected in the amorphous SiO 2 matrix. Density functional theory calculation results showed that Y 3+ ions had a strong segregation tendency in the GB area and the segregation of Y 3+ ions increased the work of separation of GB layer. These findings provide new understanding of the segregation behavior of dopant in glass‐ceramics, which may offer useful guidance for other researchers to tailor the properties of glass‐ceramics through GB engineering.
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Cerebellopontine Angle Meningiomas (2014)

GKRS is an effective therapy for CPA meningiomas. Depending on the patient and tumor characteristics, radiosurgery can be an adjuvant treatment to initial surgical resection or a standalone procedure that obviates the need for resection in most patients.
Electrostatic Microencapsulation Technique for Producing Composite Particles (2002)

Abstract The electrostatic microencapsulation process and the various means of achieving such encapsulation for developing composite particles with two or more powders is briefly reviewed, with a particular focus on the dual-function sorbent/scintillation particles for use in radionuclide selective sensing. In preparing the composite particles, two different types of particles, an ion-exchange resin and scintillating microbeads, were used. The sorbent particles capture and preconcentrate the radionuclide of interest (e.g., 99 Tc) from solution. The scintillating microbeads are used to convert the energy of radioactive decay into that detectable light that can be deducted by a photomultiplier tube arrangement. To simulate the electrostatic microencapsulation of resin and scintillators, several surrogate materials such as acrylic powder (mean particle diameter, d 50 =23 µm), red toner (d 50 =16 µm), resin (d 50 =134 µm), and fluorescent latex spheres (d 50 =2 µm) were used. A microencapsulation tower was constructed to use corona guns operating at high voltages of opposite polarity to charge the "host" and "guest" particles. Experimental arrangements and test results are presented. The results show that if polymer particles are used and if one of the two powders is smaller than 10 µm in diameter, the electrostatic and van der Waals forces provide enough interparticle adhesion to bond the guest and host particles through plastic deformation. Interparticles adhesion between resin (d 50 =133 µm) and toner (d 50 =15 µm) showed that the composite particles were stable in water suspension. For larger particles, such as resin and scintillators, the use of a binding agent is necessary to form stable composite particles. electrostatic microencapsulation particle coating groundwater monitoring composite particles radionuclide detection
Two different genetic diseases in the same patient: Coincident, concomitant, or causally related? (2016)

Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher's website. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Harmonization of PET image Reconstruction Parameters in Simultaneous PET/MRI (2020)

Abstract Background Simultaneous PET/MRIs vary in their quantitative PET performance due to inherent differences in the physical systems and differences in the image reconstruction implementation. This variability in quantitative accuracy confounds the ability to meaningfully combine and compare data across scanners. In this work, we define image reconstruction parameters that lead to comparable contrast recovery curves across simultaneous PET/MRI systems. Method: The NEMA NU-2 image quality phantom was imaged on the GE Signa and on the Siemens mMR PET/MRI scanners. The phantom was imaged at 9.8:1 contrast with standard spheres (diameter 10, 13, 17, 22, 28, 37 mm) and with custom spheres (diameter: 8.5, 11.5, 15, 25, 32.5, 44 mm) using a standardized methodology. Analysis was performed on a 30 minute data acquisition and on a subset of 5 minutes of data acquisition. Images were reconstructed with the manufacturer provided iterative image reconstruction algorithms with and without point spread function (PSF) modeling. For both scanners, a post-reconstruction Gaussian filter of 3 to 7 mm in steps of 1 mm were applied. Attenuation correction was provided from a scaled Computed Tomography (CT) image of the phantom registered to the MR-based attenuation images. For each of these image reconstruction parameter sets, contrast recovery coefficients (CRCs) were determined for the SUV mean , SUV max and SUV peak for each sphere. The root mean squared error (RMSE) was computed and used to rank the similarity of image reconstruction combination pairs for the two scanners. The image reconstruction parameter set with the lowest RMSE was identified as the best candidate reconstruction for each vendor for harmonized PET image reconstruction. Results The range of clinically relevant image reconstruction parameters demonstrated widely different quantitative performance across devices. The best match of CRC curves were obtained with: for SUV mean , 2 iterations/ 16 subsets − 7 mm filter with PSF on the GE Signa and 4 iterations/21 subsets-5 mm filter on the Siemens mMR, for SUV max , 2 iterations/16 subsets-7 mm filter on the GE Signa, 4 iterations/21 subsets- 6 mm filter on the Siemens mMR and for SUV peak , 4 iterations/16subsets-7 mm filter with PSF on the GE Signa and 4 iterations/21 subsets-5 mm filter on the Siemens mMR. Over all reconstructions, the RMSE between CRCs for the scanners were 8.1%, 16.7% and 7.1% for mean, max and peak, respectively. These were reduced to less than 2% for harmonized reconstruction settings. Conclusions For two commercially-available PET/MRI scanners, user-selectable parameters that control iterative updates, image smoothing, and PSF-modeling provide a range of contrast recovery curves that allow harmonization. This work demonstrates that nearly identical CRC curves can be obtained on different commercially available scanners by selecting appropriate image reconstruction parameters.
BRAIN IMAGING IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (1986)

Journal Article BRAIN IMAGING IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE Get access Patrick L McGeer Patrick L McGeer Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of British ColumbiaVancouver BC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 42, Issue 1, 1986, Pages 24–28, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072093 Published: 01 March 1986
Search for nonpointing and delayed photons in the diphoton and missing transverse momentum final state in 8 TeVppcollisions at the LHC using the ATLAS detector (2014)

A search has been performed, using the full $20.3\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ data sample of 8 TeV proton-proton collisions collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, for photons originating from a displaced vertex due to the decay of a neutral long-lived particle into a photon and an invisible particle. The analysis investigates the diphoton plus missing transverse momentum final state, and is therefore most sensitive to pair production of long-lived particles. The analysis technique exploits the capabilities of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter to make precise measurements of the flight direction, as well as the time of flight, of photons. No excess is observed over the Standard Model predictions for background. Exclusion limits are set within the context of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking models, with the lightest neutralino being the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle and decaying into a photon and gravitino with a lifetime in the range from 250 ps to about 100 ns.
Abstract 17949: Recruitment of Pro-Inflammatory Ly6ChighCCR2+ Monocytes to the Myocardium is Critical to the Development of Hypertension Related Myocardial Fibrosis (2016)

Background: Monocytes/macrophages (Mφ) are key regulators of myocardial inflammation and fibrosis. It is known that Ly6ChighCCR2+ monocytes are the primary infiltrating cell in hypertension-depende...
Extracorporeal IgE Immunoadsorption in Allergic Asthma: Safety and Efficacy (2017)

This pilot study indicates that IgE immunoadsorption with IgEnio may be used to treat patients with pollen-induced allergic asthma. Furthermore, the treatment could render allergic patients with highly elevated IgE-levels eligible for the administration of Omalizumab and facilitate the desorption of IgE-Omalizumab complexes. This study was funded by Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany.
Three-Phase State Estimation for Distribution-Grid Analytics (2021)

Power-distribution grids consist of assets such as transformers, cables, and switches, of which the proper utilization is essential for the provision of a secure and reliable power supply to end customers. Distribution-system operators (DSOs) are responsible for the operation and maintenance of these assets. Due to the increased use of renewable sources such as wind and solar, grid assets are prone to operation conditions outside safe boundaries, such as overloading, large voltage unbalance, and a rise in voltage. At present, distribution grids are poorly monitored by DSOs, and the above-mentioned problems may thereby go unnoticed until the failure of a critical asset occurs. The deployment of smart meters in distribution grids has enabled measurements of grid variables such as power, current, and voltage. However, their measurements are used only for billing purposes, and not for monitoring and improving the operating condition of distribution grids. In this paper, a state-estimation algorithm is proposed that utilizes smart-meter data for offline analysis, and estimates the loading of grid assets and power losses. Single- and three-phase state-estimation algorithms are compared through simulation studies on a real-life low-voltage distribution grid using measured smart-meter data. The three-phase state-estimation algorithm based on the nonlinear weighted least-squares method was found to be more accurate in estimating cable loading and line power losses. The proposed method is useful for DSOs to analyze power flows in their distribution grids and take necessary actions such as grid upgrades or the rerouting of power flows.
An optimal design methodology for inductive power link with class-E amplifier (2005)

This paper presents a design methodology of a highly efficient power link based on Class-E driven, inductively coupled coil pair. An optimal power link design for retinal prosthesis and/or other implants must take into consideration the allowable safety limits of magnetic fields, which in turn govern the inductances of the primary and secondary coils. In retinal prosthesis, the optimal coil inductances have to deal with the constraints of the coil sizes, the tradeoffs between the losses, H-field limitation and dc supply voltage required by the Class-E driver. Our design procedure starts with the formation of equivalent circuits, followed by the analysis of the loss of the rectifier and coils and the H-field for induced voltage and current. Both linear and nonlinear models for the analysis are presented. Based on the procedure, an experimental power link is implemented with an overall efficiency of 67% at the optimal distance of 7 mm between the coils. In addition to the coil design methodology, we are also presenting a closed-loop control of Class-E amplifier for any duty cycle and any value of the systemQ.
Propagation of medium energy electrons (10–20 keV) in carbon dioxide (1999)

Propagation of medium energy electrons (10–20 keV) in carbon dioxide is studied for application to using the Electron Beam Fluorescence (EBF) technique with CO2 as a rarefied gas dynamic diagnostic tool. A collimated (1 mm nominal diameter) electron beam at energies of 10, 15, and 20 keV was injected into a vacuum chamber containing ambient CO2 maintained at pressures of 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mTorr. Through deconvolution of recorded two-dimensional images of the emitted fluorescence, the growth of the root-mean-square (rms) radius of the beam was obtained as a function of axial distance. An empirical form of the differential scattering cross section which includes the contributions of both elastic and inelastic collisions between fast electrons and CO2 molecules is used in single scattering, multiple scattering, and scattering envelope models developed for describing the electron distribution along the electron beam. Using these models, the rms radius of the electron beam is calculated and compared with experimental results obtained from imaging of the electron beam fluorescence. It is found that the multiple scattering and envelope models significantly overestimate experimental rms radius data. The single scattering model underestimates radius data at target thickness higher than ∼2 and 4 Torr cm for the 10 and 15 keV beams, respectively. The single scattering model matches well with the 20 keV beam data.
Neuron-specific Bcl-2 Homology 3 Domain-only Splice Variant of Bak Is Anti-apoptotic in Neurons, but Pro-apoptotic in Non-neuronal Cells (2001)

We have identified and characterized N-Bak, a neuron-specific isoform of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bak. N-Bak is generated by neuron-specific splicing of a novel 20-base pair exon, which changes the previously described Bak, containing Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains BH1, BH2, and BH3, into a shorter BH3-only protein. As demonstrated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and RNase protection assay, N-Bak transcripts are expressed only in central and peripheral neurons, but not in other cells, whereas the previously described Bak is expressed ubiquitously, but not in neurons. Neonatal sympathetic neurons microinjected with N-Bak resisted apoptotic death caused by nerve growth factor (NGF) removal, whereas microinjected Bak accelerated NGF deprivation-induced death. Overexpressed Bak killed sympathetic neurons in the presence of NGF, whereas N-Bak did not. N-Bak was, however, still death-promoting when overexpressed in non-neuronal cells. Thus, N-Bak is an anti-apoptotic BH3-only protein, but only in the appropriate cellular environment. This is the first example of a neuron-specific Bcl-2 family member.
Single layer resists with enhanced etch resistance for 193 nm lithography. (1994)

The quest for a high performance positive chemically amplified (CA) resist for 193nm lithography is a significant challenge. We have recently developed the first high resolution positive resist for 193nm lithography.[1] Our work now centers on improving etch resistance while maintaining imaging quality. In this paper we will discuss structure/property relationships of methacrylate polymers with increased etch resistance over our first generation resist. Modifications which improve etch resistance often negatively impact aqueous solubility and polymer thermal properties. Several approaches will be discussed whichattempt to address competing considerations in positive resist design.
Improved blood pressure control via a novel chronic disease management model of care in sub‐Saharan Africa: Real‐world program implementation results (2021)

A chronic disease management model of care (Empower Health) was launched in rural and urban areas of Ghana and Kenya in 2018. The goal was to improve disease awareness, reduce the burden of disease, and improve the clinical effectiveness and efficiency of managing hypertension. Leveraging the model, clinicians provide patients with tailored management plans. Patients accessed regular blood pressure checks at home, at the clinic, or at community-partner locations where they received real-time feedback. On the mobile application, clinicians viewed patient data, provided direct patient feedback, and wrote electronic prescriptions accessible through participating pharmacies. To date, 1266 patients had been enrolled in the "real-world" implementation cohort and followed for an average of 351 ± 133 days across 5 facilities. Average baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 145 ± 21 mmHg in the overall cohort and 159 ± 16 mmHg in the subgroup with uncontrolled hypertension (n = 743) as defined by baseline SBP ≥ 140 mmHg. SBP decreased significantly through 12 months in both the overall cohort (-9.4 mmHg, p < .001) and in the uncontrolled subgroup (-17.6 mmHg, p < .001). The proportion patients with controlled pressure increased from 46% at baseline to 77% at 12 months (p < .001). In summary, a new chronic disease management model of care improved and sustained blood pressure control to 12 months, especially in those with elevated blood pressure at enrollment.
The Western Pacific Brachyuran Hemigrapsus Sanguineus (Grapsidae) in its New Habitat Along the Atlantic Coast of the United States: Feeding, Cheliped Morphology and Growth (1999)

The Asiatic shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, originally found at a rocky intertidal location in New Jersey in 1988, now has a geographic range in the western Atlantic Ocean from Massachusetts to North Carolina. Microscopic examination of stomach contents and fresh feces revealed that crabs feed primarily on algae and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), and to a lesser degree on barnacles (Semibalanus balanoides) and other small crustaceans (particularly amphipods). In laboratory trials H. sanguineus readily consumed the following sympatric organisms from the rocky intertidal: the green algae Cladophora sp., Enteromorpha sp. and Ulva lactuca; and aforementioned Mytilus, Semibalanus, as well as the amphipods Hyale plumulosa, Gammarus sp. and Mucrogammarus mucronatus, and the isopods Idotea balthica and Sphaeroma quadridentatum. Because of their proportionally larger chelae, male crabs opened the shells of larger mussels (up to 48 mm long) than did females. Small barnacles (mean length ≈ 4 mm) were scraped from stones with the chelae and consumed by both sexes. Amphipods and isopods were actively pursued, grasped with the chelae, dismembered by the mouthparts and totally consumed. The length, height and width of the chelae in both sexes increase in direct proportion to one another and to the carapace width (CW). In males at ≈ 15 mm CW, there is an upward inflection of each chela parameter, which may be related to the beginning of maturation; no inflection occurs in females. The chelae of males are more formidable for feeding and defence than those of females because of their greater mechanical advantage ratio (L1/L2) and wider gape. The percent growth increment in CW is negatively correlated with premolt CW in crabs molting in the laboratory within 10 days after collection.
Origin of the membrane compartment for cowpea mosaic virus RNA replication (2002)

Replication of many positive-stranded RNA viruses takes place in association with intracellular membranes. Often these membranes are induced upon infection by vesiculation or rearrangement of membranes from different organelles including the early and late endomembrane system. Upon infection of cowpea cells with cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) typical cytopathological structures are formed, which consist of an amorphous matrix of electron-dense material traversed by rays of small membranous vesicles. This thesis describes the studies that were undertaken to define the cellular components involved in the establishment of the site of viral RNA replication consisting of vesiculated membranes and electron-dense material. Furthermore, the role of individual viral proteins as well as host proteins in this process was investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. ZWISCHEN NA‐DIALKYLPHOSPHIT UND DIALKYLPHOSPHORCHLORIDAT (1970)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Phosphits (I) und Phosphorchloridats (II) zum Hypophosphat (III) (43%) wird mit 50%igem Überschuß an (I) durchgeführt.
Photothermal incubation of red blood cells by laser for rapid pre-transfusion blood group typing (2019)

Safe blood transfusion requires compatibility testing of donor and recipient to prevent potentially fatal transfusion reactions. Detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies requires incubation at 37 °C, often for up to 15 minutes. Current incubation technology predominantly relies on slow thermal-gradient dependent conduction. Here, we present rapid optical heating via laser, where targeted illumination of a blood-antibody sample in a diagnostic gel card is converted into heat, via photothermal absorption. Our laser-incubator heats the 75 µL blood-antibody sample to 37 °C in under 30 seconds. We show that red blood cells act as photothermal agents under near-infrared laser incubation, triggering rapid antigen-antibody binding. We detect no significant damage to the cells or antibodies for laser incubations of up to fifteen minutes. We demonstrate laser-incubated immunohaematological testing to be both faster and more sensitive than current best practice - with clearly positive results seen from laser incubations of just 40 seconds.