gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint Modeling and Registration of Cell Populations in Cohorts of High-Dimensional Flow Cytometric Data (2014)

In biomedical applications, an experimenter encounters different potential sources of variation in data such as individual samples, multiple experimental conditions, and multivariate responses of a panel of markers such as from a signaling network. In multiparametric cytometry, which is often used for analyzing patient samples, such issues are critical. While computational methods can identify cell populations in individual samples, without the ability to automatically match them across samples, it is difficult to compare and characterize the populations in typical experiments, such as those responding to various stimulations or distinctive of particular patients or time-points, especially when there are many samples. Joint Clustering and Matching (JCM) is a multi-level framework for simultaneous modeling and registration of populations across a cohort. JCM models every population with a robust multivariate probability distribution. Simultaneously, JCM fits a random-effects model to construct an overall batch template--used for registering populations across samples, and classifying new samples. By tackling systems-level variation, JCM supports practical biomedical applications involving large cohorts. Software for fitting the JCM models have been implemented in an R package EMMIX-JCM, available from http://www.maths.uq.edu.au/~gjm/mix_soft/EMMIX-JCM/.
Friction-Induced Dynamics of Axially-Moving Media in Contact With an Actively-Positioned Surface (2008)

The dynamics of an axially-moving flexible medium are examined in the context of an application where the medium is partially supported by a frictional surface, that actively-orients itself relative to the direction of transport. The stability and motion of the medium are of interest in a magnetic tape data storage application where the orientation of a sensing surface is continuously altered in order to ‘follow’ the medium’s motion. Moving media that are in contact with such guiding surfaces experience friction excitations induced by the relative motion in addition to what is observed with a stationary guiding surface. Friction-induced bending moments, as well as tension fluctuation beyond the permissible limits for the flexible material can erode the potential benefits of such active positioning. This paper describes some of these dynamic phenomena using the simplified example of a planar guiding surface whose orientation is dynamically altered relative to the moving medium. A physical model for the friction-induced excitation of the moving medium is developed, and the dynamics are analyzed for their effect on critical design parameters such as the achievable bandwidth of the active control algorithm, as well as with respect to constraints on the geometry and positioning of the guiding surface.
Accumulation of Protoporphyrinogen IX Induced by Acifluorfen Methyl (1996)

Abstract Confocal fluorescence microscopic images were used to investigate the accumulation site of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) within liverwort cells (Marchantia polymorpha L.) treated with peroxidizing herbicides as acifluorfen methyl (AFM). A high level of PPIX accumulation was observed in the cells during 12 h to 24 h after the addition of AFM . The results obtained from confocal fluorescence microscopic images gave clear evidence that the accumulation of PPIX occurred only in the chloroplasts, but was not observed in the cytosol or at the plasma membrane. The presence of PPIX in the chloroplasts strongly suggests that protoporphyrino­ gen (Protogen) accumulates by inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) which is the target enzyme for peroxidizing herbicides. The plastidic occurrence of PPIX provides evidence of either the presence of an additional herbicide-resistant Protox or of a non-enzy-matic Protogen-oxidation system in the Marchantia chloroplast.
Borderless via Clean Study for Minimizing Al-Cu Loss in 58nm Flash Devices (2009)

The borderless (BDL) vias landing on the metal lines were demanded in high-density flash memory devices due to the reduced die size, compared with non-borderless (NBDL) vias. IMD material recess in un-landed via dry etching and the Al-Cu metal line undercut caused by post-etch cleaning may lead to via resistance Rv high and EM reliability issue. In this work, the Al-Cu loss mechanism in BDL-via cleaning by using amine- and fluoride-based chemicals were studied in 58nm flash devices. We found that the Al-Cu undercut can be minimized in HDA containing solvent by controlling the formation of Al2O3/Al/HDA gel-like material to the less amounts; the shorter HDA processing time with sufficient IPA rinse generated the thinner gel-like layer leading to the less Al-Cu undercut in DIW rinse step. For TMAH/H2O2-containing semi-aqueous solution, the metal contained etched-residues can be removed by reaction of OH- with Al to form dissolved Al(OH)4-; addition of H2O2 will form a oxidized passivation layer on the metal surface to prevent from metal corrosion. On the other hand, the Al/Al2O3 contained polymer was removed by fluoride-based solvent or DSP+ through the reaction with [F-] to form the DIW-dissolved AlFx by-products; while the dilute H2SO4 and H2O2 in DSP+ will oxidize Al to form Al2O3 that will be further etched by HF, the severe Al-Cu undercut was found in DSP+.
A Guide to Equine Joint Injection (3rd edition) . . . . Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse . . . . Practical Field Guide to Horse Behavior: The Equid Ethnogram . . . . Epidemiology Kept Simple: An Introduction to Traditional and Modern Epidemiology (2nd edition) . . . . Animal Disease Surveillance and Survey Systems: Methods and Applications . . . . Zoonoses and Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals (3rd edition) . . . . Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science (2nd edition) . . . . Handbook of Laboratory Animal Management and Welfare (3rd edition) . . . . Natural Pathogens of Laboratory Animals: Their Effects on Research . . . . Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease . . . . Canine Anatomy: A Systematic Study (4th edition) . . . . Dog Anatomy: A Coloring Atlas . . . . Neurology for the Small Animal Practitioner (Made Easy Series) . . . . Critical Care (Quick Look Series in Veterinary Medicine) . . . . Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine (5th edition) . . . . Snakes of the United States and Canada: Natural History and Care in Captivity . . . . Exotic Animal Medicine for the Veterinary Technician . . . . Anaesthesia for Veterinary Nurses (2004)

"A Guide to Equine Joint Injection (3rd edition) . . . . Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse . . . . Practical Field Guide to Horse Behavior: The Equid Ethnogram . . . . Epidemiology Kept Simple: An Introduction to Traditional and Modern Epidemiology (2nd edition) . . . . Animal Disease Surveillance and Survey Systems: Methods and Applications . . . . Zoonoses and Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals (3rd edition) . . . . Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science (2nd edition) . . . . Handbook of Laboratory Animal Management and Welfare (3rd edition) . . . . Natural Pathogens of Laboratory Animals: Their Effects on Research . . . . Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease . . . . Canine Anatomy: A Systematic Study (4th edition) . . . . Dog Anatomy: A Coloring Atlas . . . . Neurology for the Small Animal Practitioner (Made Easy Series) . . . . Critical Care (Quick Look Series in Veterinary Medicine) . . . . Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine (5th edition) . . . . Snakes of the United States and Canada: Natural History and Care in Captivity . . . . Exotic Animal Medicine for the Veterinary Technician . . . . Anaesthesia for Veterinary Nurses" published on 15 Mar 2004 by American Veterinary Medical Association.
Regulation and Supervision (2023)

Explores recent developments in fintech regulation and supervision along with key emerging issues, including (1) the current regulatory environment; (2) a typology of regulatory responses; (3) activity-specific regulation; (4) data-generation issues; and (5) regulation for fair competition. The Fintech Market Participants Survey shows a significant proportion of respondents in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) feel scope exists to improve the regulatory and supervisory framework, although significant variation exists across regions and between incumbents and new entrants. Countries will need to regularly evaluate the appropriateness of their supervisory frameworks to account for the digital transformation of the financial sector. The well-designed supervisory framework should respond to the risks inherent in fintech activities and remain flexible enough to adapt to rapid market developments. To date no country has created a single institutional model to supervise fintech activities. Rather, supervisory responsibilities tend to follow preexisting frameworks and mandates for financial sector supervision, which may or may not prove adequate.
Efficient Implementation of Nonlinear Color Transformations (1993)

We introduce a new approach which we call sequential linear interpolation (SLI) for interpolating multidimensional nonlinear functions. SLI grid points can be nonuniformly allocated to minimize the interpolation error. Thus, we use the grid points more efficiently, there- by reducing the number of required measurements. An iterative procedure is also proposed to solve the color printer calibration problem where the function to be interpolated must be measured from its inverse point by point.
Imaging of Radiation Accidents and Radioactive Contamination Using Scintillators (2011)

An accident in a nuclear power plant, which can be caused by an unpredictable event such as an explosion, fire, and earthquake, has severe and far-reaching consequences. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully and constantly monitor the plant and precisely detect any radiation source. Radiation contamination in laboratories and in the environment due to nuclear fallout is among the issues that require an immediate solution. Radiation detection has become increasingly important because of the increasing number of nuclear power plants that have been established to replace conventional power plants, as part of the effort to suppress carbon dioxide emission. For these purposes, this chapter will discuss the principle and method of mapping flying radiations. Visual mapping of intensity and direction of
Assessing trustworthiness in collaborative environments (2013)

Collaborative environments, specifically those concerning information creation and exchange, increasingly demand notions of trust and accountability. In the absence of explicit authority, the quality of information is often unknown. Using Wikipedia edit sequences as a use case scenario, we detail experiments in the determination of community-based user and document trust. Our results show success in answering the first of many research questions: Provided a user's edit history, is a given edit to a document positively contributing to its content? We detail how the ability to answer this question provides a preliminary framework towards a better model for collaborative trust and discuss subsequent areas of research necessary to broaden its utility and scope.
Glass for 5G applications (2021)

The present drive for higher bandwidth has moved the mobile carrier frequency range to &amp;gt;5 GHz and possibly to &amp;gt;20 GHz in the near future. This has fueled the rapid development of 5 G and mm-wave technologies. The increased bandwidths available in the mm-wave frequency range allow for applications that require high-data-rate communications, which is not possible at lower frequencies due to Shannon's Capacity Theorem. However, the mm-wave frequency also presents a challenge to device performance due to the limitation on material properties. Many incumbent materials, such as silicon, ceramic, and polymer based substrates, suffer from high dielectric loss, rough surface, or poor durability to process chemistry. Silicate glass, on the other hand, has been shown to exhibit low dielectric loss, smooth surface, and high resistance to process chemistry. In addition, modern manufacturing technology has enabled silicate glass to be made with large size and thin form factor, which provides a clear advantage to lowering the cost. While many attributes of glass may be already familiar to the general scientific community, dielectric properties in the mm-wave frequency range have not been extensively reviewed. In this report, we show that mm-wave dielectric property can be changed by glass composition and post-forming processes. We also show examples of mm-wave devices that can be made with glass.
Discordant developmental waves of angioblasts and hemangioblasts in the early gastrulating mouse embryo (2006)

Vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis are thought to arise in hemangioblasts, the common progenitors of cells in vessels and in blood. This scheme was challenged by kinetic analysis of vascular endothelial and hematopoietic progenitors in early gastrulating mouse embryos. The OP-9 co-culture system with a combination of cytokines permitted the detection of endothelial progenitors, as well as stroma-dependent hematopoietic progenitors. Endothelial progenitors were detected as early as embryonic day (E) 5.50, after which time their numbers increased. Stroma-dependent hematopoietic progenitors were detected at E6.75, the time point when hemangioblasts reportedly emerge. Colony-forming units in culture (CFU-c), most likely generated from stroma-dependent hematopoietic progenitors via contact with the microenvironment, were detected at E7.50, concomitant with the onset of primitive hematopoiesis in the yolk sac. The presence of nucleated erythrocytes and the expression of an embryonic-type globin in erythroid colonies derived from stroma-dependent hematopoietic progenitors and from CFU-c support the notion that these progenitors coordinately establish primitive hematopoiesis. Using Oct3/4 promoter-driven GFP transgenic mice, early endothelial progenitors, stroma-dependent hematopoietic progenitors, and CFU-c were all shown to express the Oct3/4 transcription factor. Among Oct3/4-positive cells, both endothelial and hematopoietic progenitors were present in the CD31-positive fraction, leaving a subset of endothelial progenitors in the CD31-negative fraction. These data imply that Oct3/4-positive mesoderm gives rise to CD31-negative angioblasts, CD31-positive angiboblasts and CD31-positive hemangioblasts. We propose a distinct developmental pathway in which the angioblast lineage directly diverges from mesoderm prior to and independent of hemangioblast development.
Convergence rates of 2D moment method solutions for the MFIE and EFIE (2004)

We give theoretical convergence rates for the surface current and backscattering amplitude from an infinite, PEC circular cylinder associated with typical moment method solutions to the magnetic and electric field integral equations. These results are then numerically compared to other scatterer geometries.
Foundations and Challenges of Low-Inertia Systems (Invited Paper) (2018)

The electric power system is currently undergoing a period of unprecedented changes. Environmental and sustainability concerns lead to replacement of a significant share of conventional fossil fuel-based power plants with renewable energy resources. This transition involves the major challenge of substituting synchronous machines and their well-known dynamics and controllers with power electronics-interfaced generation whose regulation and interaction with the rest of the system is yet to be fully understood. In this article, we review the challenges of such low-inertia power systems, and survey the solutions that have been put forward thus far. We strive to concisely summarize the laid-out scientific foundations as well as the practical experiences of industrial and academic demonstration projects. We touch upon the topics of power system stability, modeling, and control, and we particularly focus on the role of frequency, inertia, as well as control of power converters and from the demand-side.
In Vitro Characterization of the Carbohydrate-Binding Agents HHA, GNA, and UDA as Inhibitors of Influenza A and B Virus Replication (2020)

Here, we report on the anti-influenza virus activity of the mannose-binding agents <i>Hippeastrum</i> hybrid agglutinin (HHA) and <i>Galanthus nivalis</i> agglutinin (GNA) and the (<i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine) <i><sub>n</sub></i> -specific <i>Urtica dioica</i> agglutinin (UDA). These carbohydrate-binding agents (CBA) strongly inhibited various influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B viruses <i>in vitro</i>, with 50% effective concentration values ranging from 0.016 to 83 nM, generating selectivity indexes up to 125,000. Somewhat less activity was observed against A/Puerto Rico/8/34 and an A(H1N1)pdm09 strain. In time-of-addition experiments, these CBA lost their inhibitory activity when added 30 min postinfection (p.i.). Interference with virus entry processes was also evident from strong inhibition of virus-induced hemolysis at low pH. However, a direct effect on acid-induced refolding of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) was excluded by the tryptic digestion assay. Instead, HHA treatment of HA-expressing cells led to a significant reduction of plasma membrane mobility. Crosslinking of membrane glycoproteins, through interaction with HA, could also explain the inhibitory effect on the release of newly formed virions when HHA was added at 6 h p.i. These CBA presumably interact with one or more <i>N</i>-glycans on the globular head of HA, since their absence led to reduced activity against mutant influenza B viruses and HHA-resistant A(H1N1) viruses. The latter condition emerged only after 33 cell culture passages in the continuous presence of HHA, and the A(H3N2) virus retained full sensitivity even after 50 passages. Thus, these CBA qualify as potent inhibitors of influenza A and B viruses <i>in vitro</i> with a pleiotropic mechanism of action and a high barrier for viral resistance.
Challenges and the status of superconducting single flux quantum technology (2019)

Design and manufacturing of superconductive electronics have been evolving over the past three decades with significant progress made in related fields. Rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) logic circuits have become popular among superconductive logic families and its energy-efficient variants (ERSFQ and eSFQ) have shown promise as an ultra lowpower and high-speed circuit fabric. SFQ circuits have been demonstrated at tens of GHz with an energy consumption of an attojoule per gate. There are many differences between SFQ and conventional CMOS circuits. SFQ logic circuits are based on the manipulation of the quantized magnetic flux pulses. Most of the logic gates are sequential in nature requiring the clock to be distributed to every logic gate. SFQ logic gates have no gain and hence splitters are needed to drive multiple fanouts. Design and successful demonstration of a controllable superconducting switch and a compact reliable memory element have evaded researchers so far. This paper starts by describing key differences between SFQ logic and conventional CMOS and concludes by listing key challenges that must be overcome to achieve the very large scale integration of SFQ circuits and make the demonstration of a superconductive CPU a reality.
Nanoparticle catalysed oxidation of sulfides to sulfones by in situ generated H2O2 in supercritical carbon dioxide/water biphasic medium (2010)

In a one-pot reaction, hydrogen peroxide generated from H(2) and O(2) on a Pd catalyst was utilised as oxidant for the TiO(2) catalyzed conversion of a sulfide to a sulfone. This transformation, where two different nanoparticle catalysts were employed in a supercritical carbon dioxide/water biphasic system, demonstrates the potential of compartmentalising catalytic processes in consecutive reactions.
Inexpensive, abundant, non-toxic thin films for solar cell applications grown by reactive sputtering (2010)

The success of CIGS and CdTe solar cells has shown that thin films have the potential to greatly reduce costs while matching the efficiencies of the best silicon devices. As such, a number of new thin film materials that have optimal properties are being explored for solar applications. One of these materials is Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ZnSnS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> (CZTS), which is composed of entirely abundant and nontoxic elements. Currently, all the processes used to grow this material involve the deposition of metallic/sulfide precursors and a subsequent anneal at high temperature in a H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S environment to incorporate sulfur into the film. Here we present a novel one-step deposition process where sulfur is incorporated into the film during deposition. Films grown by this process are textured in the (112) direction and show large columnar grains with diameters ranging from 50-500 nm. The best of these films were incorporated into devices and efficiencies as high as 1.5% have been achieved.
Chiral Oligomers by Iterative Tandem Catalysis (2005)

Iterative tandem catalysis is presented as a flexible tool for obtaining chiral macromolecules from racemic or prochiral monomers. Here, we combine lipase-catalyzed ring-opening of omega-substituted lactones with ruthenium-catalyzed racemization. In a two-pot system, enantioenriched oligomers of 6-methyl-epsilon-caprolactone were synthesized, which could not have been obtained by enzymatic ring-opening alone. A one-pot experiment proved highly promising in developing a novel route toward enantiopure polyesters.
Effects of Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin on ADP-Ribosyltransferase Activity and Interaction with ADP-Ribosylation Factors (1999)

Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), an oligomeric protein with one A subunit (LTA) and five B subunits, exerts its effects via the ADP-ribosylation of Gsalpha, a guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein that activates adenylyl cyclase. LTA also ADP-ribosylates simple guanidino compounds (e.g., arginine) and catalyzes its own auto-ADP-ribosylation. All LTA-catalyzed reactions are enhanced by ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs), 20-kDa guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. Replacement of arginine-7 (R7K), valine-53 (V53D), serine-63 (S63K), valine 97 (V97K), or tyrosine-104 (Y104K) in LTA resulted in fully assembled but nontoxic proteins. S63K, V53D, and R7K are catalytic-site mutations, whereas V97K and Y104K are amino acid replacements adjacent to and outside of the catalytic site, respectively. The effects of mutagenesis were quantified by measuring ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (i.e., auto-ADP-ribosylation and ADP-ribosylagmatine synthesis) and interaction with ARF (i.e., inhibition of ARF-stimulated cholera toxin ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and effects of ARF on mutant auto-ADP-ribosylation). All mutants were inactive in the ADP-ribosyltransferase assay; however, auto-ADP-ribosylation in the presence of recombinant human ARF6 was detected, albeit much less than that of native LT (Y104K > V53D > V97K > R7K, S63K). Based on the lack of inhibition by free ADP-ribose, the observed auto-ADP-ribosylation activity was enzymatic and not due to the nonenzymatic addition of free ADP-ribose. V53D, S63K, and R7K were more effective than Y104K or V97K in blocking ARF stimulation of cholera toxin ADP-ribosyltransferase. Based on these data, it appears that ARF-binding and catalytic sites are not identical and that a region outside the NAD cleft may participate in the LTA-ARF interaction.