gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Defects on the Electrical Characteristics of Mercury-Drop Junctions:  Self-Assembled Monolayers of n-Alkanethiolates on Rough and Smooth Silver (2007)

This paper compares the structural and electrical characteristics of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of n-alkanethiolates, SCn (n = 10, 12, 14), on two types of silver substrates: one used as-deposited (AS-DEP) by an electron-beam evaporator, and one prepared using the method of template-stripping. Atomic force microscopy showed that the template-stripped (TS) silver surfaces were smoother and had larger grains than the AS-DEP surfaces, and reflectance−absorbance infrared spectroscopy showed that SAMs formed on TS substrates were more crystalline than SAMs formed on AS-DEP substrates. The range of current densities, J (A/cm2), measured through mercury-drop junctions incorporating a given SAM on AS-DEP silver was, on average, several orders of magnitude larger than the range of J measured through the same SAM on TS silver, and the AS-DEP junctions failed, on average, 3.5 times more often within five current density−voltage (J−V) scans than did TS junctions (depending on the length of the alkyl chains of the molecules in the SAM). The apparent log-normal distribution of J through the TS junctions suggests that, in these cases, it is the variability in the effective thickness of the insulating layer (the distance the electron travels between electrodes) that results in the uncertainty in J. The parameter describing the decay of current density with the thickness of the insulating layer, β, was either 0.57 Å-1 at V = +0.5 V (calculated using the log-mean of the distribution of values of J) or 0.64 Å-1 (calculated using the peak of the distribution of values of J) for the TS junctions; the latter is probably the more accurate. The mechanisms of failure of the junctions, and the degree and sources of uncertainty in current density, are discussed with respect to a variety of defects that occur within Hg-drop junctions incorporating SAMs on silver.
A design of a PhC-enhanced LED for electroluminescence cooling (2017)

It is known that the wall-plug efficiency (WPE) of a light-emitting diode (LED) can exceed unity and that electroluminescence cooling (ELC) happens in this scenario. However, it is difficult to observe the associated temperature drop due to the relatively small cooling power and the overwhelming heat flux from the ambient. In this work, we design a photonic crystal (PhC) enhanced LED which has smaller surface area as well as thermal mass compared with an encapsulated LED. We also present thermal models to evaluate the temperature drop of the LED in air and vacuum.
Feasibility of Using an Implantable System to Measure Thoracic Congestion in an Ambulatory Chronic Heart Failure Canine Model (2005)

In the canine model, measurement of chronic intrathoracic impedance with an implantable system effectively revealed changes in thoracic congestion due to heart failure reflected by LVEDP. These data suggest that implantable device-based impedance measurement merits further investigation as a tool to monitor the fluid status of heart failure patients.
Reduction of 4,5-Dihydro-1,2-oxazoles (Δ2-Isoxazolines); A Cycloadditive Approach to 2-Alkenyl Ketones (1986)

A new cycloadditive route to 2-alkenyl ketones (β,γ-unsaturated ketones) involves: (1) nitrile oxide-allylsilane (or stannane) cycloaddition, (2) reductive cleavage of the resultant isoxazoline, and (3) Peterson elimination. In all cases, the products art: not contaminated by the isomeric 1-alkenyl ketones. Although stereoselectivity in the nitrile oxide cycloaddition to 3-trimethylsilyl-1-butene is low, the resultant diastereomeric cycloadducts can be converted stereospecifically to the corresponding (E)- and (Z)-olefins.
Unbiased peptoid combinatorial cell screen identifies plectin protein as a potential biomarker for lung cancer stem cells (2019)

Tumors often contain a small subset of drug-resisting, self-renewing, and highly metastatic cells called tumor initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs). To develop new approaches to detecting and targeting lung cancer CSCs, we applied an "unbiased" peptoid combinatorial cell screen to identify highly specific ligands that bind a CSC subpopulation of non-small cell lung cancer cells (defined by Aldefluor positivity), but not the remaining aldefluor negative cancer cells from the same preclinical model. One of the 'hit' peptoids bound to plectin, a structural protein, predominantly expressed intracellularly, but whose localization on the cell surface is linked to tumor invasion and metastasis. Our studies show both genotypic and phenotypic correlations between plectin and lung CSCs, as well as association of high plectin mRNA expression with poor patient survival in lung adenocarcinoma, potentially identifying plectin as a biomarker for lung CSCs.
RHEOLOGY AS A QUALITY CONTROL INSTRUMENT (1999)

Quality control in polymer production is a decisive success factor today, growing in importance with the steadily increasing demands regarding the performance of polymeric materials. Rhe-ological methods are ideal for application in quality control, as they allow to draw conclusions regarding both molecular structure and processability from their results. This is especially true for the linear viscoelastic parameters of a polymer melt. Using several examples from industrial practice, the capacity of rheological measurements to clarify quality problems like degradation effects or non-homogeneity is demonstrated. The question of precision and reliability is finally addressed, based on the results of two round-robin tests.
Switching current reduction using perpendicular anisotropy in CoFeB–MgO magnetic tunnel junctions (2011)

We present in-plane CoFeB–MgO magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the free layer to reduce the spin transfer induced switching current. The tunneling magnetoresistance ratio, resistance-area product, and switching current densities are compared in magnetic tunnel junctions with different CoFeB compositions. The effects of CoFeB free layer thickness on its magnetic anisotropy and current-induced switching characteristics are studied by vibrating sample magnetometry and electrical transport measurements on patterned elliptical nanopillar devices. Switching current densities ∼4 MA/cm2 are obtained at 10 ns write times.
Progress on single-electron transistors (2010)

Large scale production of single-electron transistors (SETs) is now possible with a standard fully-depleted SOI process. Although the operating temperature is limited to approximately 10 K for now, this opens new opportunities for implementing on-chip hybrid designs combining the benefits of Coulomb blockade with regular FET-based electronics. Moreover, the continuous shrinking of CMOS devices tends to bridge the gap between FETs and SETs, because of a necessary compromise between switching energy and switching speed. Devices designed for very low power applications will naturally feature Coulomb blockade at moderate temperature, as a result of very small dimensions and underlapped geometry. A promising outcome is the possibility to drive such devices at high frequency, as embedded FET-based electronics can be designed in very close vicinity of the SET. In parallel with our mainstream microelectronics approach, several groups have recently made significant advances towards high temperature (above 77 K) silicon based SETs. In this article we summarize the basic characteristics and behaviour of our MOS-SET design, its charge sensitivity and its remarkable long term stability and the coupling between several MOS-SETs associated in series.
Synthesis of testable PLAs using adaptive heuristics for efficiency (2002)

The problem of integrating testability issues into the synthesis process of programmable-logic-array (PLA-)based VLSI logic design is investigated. Based on the insight gained from prior work on algorithmic and heuristic test generation for PLAs, a systematic methodology for synthesizing easily testable PLAs from high-level (Boolean) specifications is developed. Experimental results are presented to illustrate how adaptive heuristics aid in reducing the complexity of the synthesis-for-testability problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Coagulation and Fragmentation:  The Variation of Shear Rate and the Time Lag for Attainment of Steady State (1996)

The dynamic behavior and the attainment of steady state by a flocculating suspension in a stirred tank are evaluated using a population balance model. At long times, shear-induced coagulation and fragmentation reach a steady state, resulting in a particle size distribution (PSD) that is invariant (self-preserving) with respect to shear. The geometric standard deviations, σg, of the self-preserving number or volume PSDs are 2.22 or 1.79, respectively, for the employed coagulation and fragmentation rates of flocculation. The time required to reach a steady-state PSD (time lag) is determined as a function of a dimensionless group comprised of the relative rates of coagulation and fragmentation. The effect of the omnipresent variable shear rate in stirred tanks during shear-induced flocculation is investigated through a sinusoidal function of the spatially averaged velocity gradient. Increasing the amplitude of the shear rate fluctuation decreases the steady-state mass mean floc size, the maximum σg, and the time lag for attainment of steady state. The asymptotic (self-preserving) σg is not affected by the shear rate amplitude provided that >99% of the primary particles have grown to larger sizes.
Enhanced scatter contrast color imaging of tissue: methods for comparing high spatial frequency domain and cross-polarization scatter images (2017)

This paper describes the system calibration and demodulation procedures used in an investigation of the scatter-specific tissue contrast that can be obtained by high spatial frequency (HSF) domain imaging and cross- polarization (CP) imaging using an inexpensive color imaging system. HSF and CP imaging methods are both known to alter the reflectance image sensitivity to diffuse multiply- scattered and superficially backscattered photons. This results in enhanced contrast, compared to standard wide-field imaging, based on tissue surface microstructure and composition. Measurements in tissue-simulating optical phantoms show that CP images display contrast based on both scattering and absorption, while HSF is specifically sensitive to scatter-only contrast, strongly suppressing absorption-based contrast. By altering the frequency used, the degree of contrast suppression or enhancement can be tuned.<sup>1</sup> This suggests that an inexpensive HSF imaging system could have potential to aid diagnostic procedures, where CP is the current state-of-the-art imaging modality.
Contamination of Firn Layers by Radioactive Fission Products from Atmospheric Fallout (1985)

Measurements of gross beta activity and 3H concentration of firn samples from different regions can be used to determine environmental contamination by radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere since 1952. The exposure dose to the population due to radioactive fission products in the drinking water supply from glacierized areas is compared to maximum acceptable concentrations derived from ICRP annual limits of intake (ALI). It is shown that even from heavily contaminated layers the risk to the population is acceptable.
Photobonded silk-fibroin films for corneal dressing (2019)

ARVO Annual Meeting (2019). -- Vancouver Convention Centre, Vancouver, B.C., April 28 – May 2 (2019)
Etching Fabrication of Nanostructures Using Metal Clusters as Formation Nuclei. (1999)

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Technique for preparation and characterization in cross‐section of oral titanium implant surfaces using focused ion beam and transmission electron microscopy (2008)

The surface properties of materials are believed to control most of the biological reactions toward implanted materials. To study the surface structure, elemental distribution, and morphology, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, thin foils of the surface (in cross-section) are needed. These have been cumbersome to produce, in particular, from the normally irregular screw-shaped metal implants. Focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy has been developed partly for TEM sample preparation, mainly within the microelectronics industry. Our study describes a method based on FIB for producing electron transparent foils/sections from a metal implant for TEM analysis. Using a screw-shaped titanium dental implant, it was demonstrated that thin foils can be prepared with submicron specificity and from almost any surface geometry. A comparison of different lift-out techniques showed that the in situ lift-out preparation technique allowed plasma cleaning and produced particularly good samples with excellent yield. The titanium oxide on the implant surface was analyzed using energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and the TiO(2) rutile phase being determined via the lattice parameters. This study provides the first set of data for the optimization of a new route for preparation and analysis of biomaterial surfaces and interfaces.
Machine Learning-based Calibration of (Semi-)Monolithic Detectors enabling Depth of Interaction-encoding and Time-of-Flight Capabilities in Clinical PET Systems (2020)

Ziel/Aim Currently available clinical PET systems employ detectors where the scintillator is structured into single needles of 3 – 6 mm width. This limits the spatial resolution and causes radial astigmatism at off-center positions as the depth-of-interaction (DOI) cannot be measured. Introducing more finely structured scintillators with DOI capabilities significantly increases the cost and reduces the sensitivity. We present an alternative based on an array of semi-monolithic crystals which are large blocks without segmentation at costs comparable to current detectors. In this design, optical photons travel in the scintillator and create a 3D-dependent light pattern on multiple photosensor channels enabling the position estimation of the 511 keV gamma photons.
Glucocerebrosidase modulates cognitive and motor activities in murine models of Parkinson’s disease (2016)

Mutations in GBA1, the gene encoding glucocerebrosidase, are associated with an enhanced risk of developing synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies. A higher prevalence and increased severity of motor and non-motor symptoms is observed in PD patients harboring mutant GBA1 alleles, suggesting a link between the gene or gene product and disease development. Interestingly, PD patients without mutations in GBA1 also exhibit lower levels of glucocerebrosidase activity in the central nervous system (CNS), implicating this lysosomal enzyme in disease pathogenesis. Here, we investigated whether modulation of glucocerebrosidase activity in murine models of synucleinopathy (expressing wild type Gba1) affected α-synuclein accumulation and behavioral phenotypes. Partial inhibition of glucocerebrosidase activity in PrP-A53T-SNCA mice using the covalent inhibitor conduritol-B-epoxide induced a profound increase in soluble α-synuclein in the CNS and exacerbated cognitive and motor deficits. Conversely, augmenting glucocerebrosidase activity in the Thy1-SNCA mouse model of PD delayed the progression of synucleinopathy. Adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of glucocerebrosidase in the Thy1-SNCA mouse striatum led to decrease in the levels of the proteinase K-resistant fraction of α-synuclein, amelioration of behavioral aberrations and protection from loss of striatal dopaminergic markers. These data indicate that increasing glucocerebrosidase activity can influence α-synuclein homeostasis, thereby reducing the progression of synucleinopathies. This study provides robust in vivo evidence that augmentation of CNS glucocerebrosidase activity is a potential therapeutic strategy for PD, regardless of the mutation status of GBA1.
Figure S4 from A Comparative Study of Neuroendocrine Heterogeneity in Small Cell Lung Cancer and Neuroblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;SCLC vs. NBL concordance of NE score association with omics, drug sensitivity, and dependency data.&lt;/p&gt;
Ada 9X and real-time systems (1992)

Article Free Access Share on Ada 9X and real-time systems Chairman: John B. Goodenough View Profile Authors Info & Claims TRI-Ada '92: Proceedings of the conference on TRI-Ada '92December 1992 Pages 43–47https://doi.org/10.1145/143557.143576Online:01 December 1992Publication History 1citation126DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads126Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
CARRIER TRAPS IN GRADED InGaAs PHOTODIODES WITH HIGH INDIUM CONTENT (1995)

Carrier traps in In0.82Ga0.18As, introduced during manufacturing of photodiodes by vapour phase epitaxy (VPE), have been studied by electrical measurements. Two groups of localized energy levels associated with traps were found in photodiodes annealed at higher temperature after fabrication: the first, at Ec−0.14 eV, and the second located deeper, close to the middle of the energy gap. Electrically activated dislocations by association with some impurities are responsible for the occurrence of the deeper levels. 1.
Crystal structure of 4,8-dihydroxy-1,5-bis(diphenylcarbamoyl)- s-indacene – dichloromethane (1:2), C38H26N2O4 · 2CH2Cl2 (2009)

Article Crystal structure of 4,8-dihydroxy-1,5-bis(diphenylcarbamoyl)- s-indacene – dichloromethane (1:2), C38H26N2O4 · 2CH2Cl2 was published on April 1, 2009 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 224, issue 1-4).
Clinical features and visual function in a patient with Fish-eye disease: Quantitative measurements and optical coherence tomography (2018)

The findings from this case suggest that OCT is useful for analyzing the clinical features of FED, and that the quantitative measurement of visual function furthers the understanding of vision-related symptoms in FED, despite good visual acuity.
Abstract 15915: Ultrasound Targeted Microbubble Cavitation-Induced Endothelial Hyperpermeability is Calcium-Dependent and Regulated by Enos Signaling (2022)

Introduction: Ultrasound ( US )-targeted microbubble ( MB ) cavitation ( UTMC ) facilitates delivery of cell-impermeant drugs across the endothelial barrier; mechanisms are poorly understood. We reported that UTMC causes inter-endothelial gaps in cultured endothelial cell ( EC ) monolayers, which could increase barrier permeability, and that UTMC increases Ca 2+ influx into ECs. Given that increased intracellular Ca 2+ activates eNOS, and nitric oxide (NO) release promotes microvascular permeability, we hypothesized that UTMC increases intracellular Ca 2+ through activation of mechanosensitive Piezo-1 Ca 2+ channels, leading to NO synthesis and endothelial barrier hyperpermeability. Methods: Transwells were endothelialized with human coronary artery ECs. Lipid MBs were added, and US was delivered for 10 s (1 MHz, 250 kPa, 10 cycles, 10 ms interval). Permeability was measured using dextran transfer and transendothelial electrical resistance ( TEER ). GsMTx4 and L-NAME were used to inhibit Piezo1 and eNOS, respectively; Fluo-4 AM to visualize Ca 2+ influx; DAF-FM to detect NO. S-nitrosylation was measured with biotin switch assay. Results: UTMC reduced TEER (1.7 fold, p&lt;0.05 ) and increased dextran flux across the transwell (2-fold, p&lt;0.01 for 70 kDa dextran, 1.6 fold, p&lt;0.05 for 10 kDa dextran), which was abrogated by L-NAME. UTMC significantly increased Ca 2+ influx into ECs and tripled NO ( p&lt;0.05 ), but these increases and UTMC-mediated hyperpermeability were blunted by Piezo1 channel inhibition ( p&lt;0.0001) . UTMC increased S-nitrosylation of proteins (1.7 fold, p&lt;0.01 ) and was associated with s-nitrosylation of VE-cadherin, its redistribution into focal adhesion junctions, and increased stress fiber formation, which were abolished by L-NAME. Conclusions: UTMC causes endothelial barrier hyperpermeability through a Ca 2+ -dependent mechanism, where Ca 2+ influx into ECs, mediated in part by mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels, modulates eNOS signaling. Our data suggest that eNOS regulates UTMC-induced hyperpermeability, possibly through s-nitrosylation of VE-cadherin. Further studies to examine mechanisms regulating UTMC bioeffects will aid in clinical translation and optimization of UTMC for delivery of cell-impermeant drugs.
VLSI processed InGaAs on Si MOSFETs with thermally stable, self-aligned Ni-InGaAs contacts achieving: Enhanced drive current and pathway towards a unified contact module (2013)

Parasitic resistance (R<inf>para</inf>) is a grand challenge to successfully hetero-integrate III-V channels onto Si for CMOS application. Here, we report the first statistical I<inf>Dsat</inf> comparison for non-self-aligned and self-aligned contacts of In<inf>0.53</inf>Ga<inf>0.47</inf>As MOSFETs fabricated on large scale Si substrates with VLSI toolsets. We compare non-self-aligned Mo and self-aligned Ni-InGaAs contacts. Devices with self-aligned contacts exhibit a 25% enhancement in I<inf>Dsat</inf> over devices with non-self-aligned contacts largely due to the 27% reduction in R<inf>para</inf>. We have also extended the thermal stability of Ni-InGaAs to 500 &#x00B0;C (highest reported) enabling it to be compatible with BEOL processes. The impact of the Ni-InGaAs process module on tool contamination is discussed. These results represent significant progress towards establishing a path to a unified Ni-based S/D contact module for Si/SiGe/Ge/III-V co-integration on VLSI platforms.
Low-Power VLSI Architecture for Neural Data Compression Using Vocabulary-based Approach (2007)

Modern-day bio-implantable chips for neural prostheses cannot monitor a large number of electrodes at the same time since they suffer from excessively high data rates. Hence, it is imperative to design area and power-efficient digital circuits for appropriate conditioning of the recorded neural signal in order to remain within the bandwidth constraint. Previously, we have proposed an algorithm for neural data compression, which incorporates the concept of creating and maintaining a dynamic vocabulary of neural spike waveforms represented as wavelet transform coefficients. In this paper, we propose an appropriate architecture for low-power and area-efficient VLSI implementation of the scheme. Based on simulation results, the hardware consumes 3.55 μW and 0.36 mW power using 0.18μm CMOS technology for 1-channel and 100-channel neural recording applications, respectively.