gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exogenous Surfactant in Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2010)

This book is based on a selection of the most original articles published in the past year on new technological advances in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases. The authors of these papers were invited to contribute to this volume with critical reviews of their recent results and a discussion of the clinical implications of these findings. Technical innovations in the treatment of respiratory diseases involve many aspects from basic physics to pathophysiology and clinical experience in pulmonary and critical care medicine. The book therefore covers a broad spectrum of topics including mechanical ventilation, ventilator modes, new pharmacological treatments during ventilation, prevention of ventilator-associated infections, technologies in anesthesiology, pulmonary rehabilitation, telemonitoring in pediatric and neonatal critical care and assistance in chronic respiratory failure. Diagnostic methods such as polysomnography and ultrasound are considered as well as cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods and new options in inhalation therapies. Furthermore, the role of the environment in respiratory health problems is analyzed, and organizational issues in disaster management and intensive care are highlighted. Intended to help clinicians understand the highly technological diagnostic and therapeutic methods available today, this book will be indispensable for anyone caring for children or adults with respiratory problems, both in the ICU and in daily practice.
A Three-Port LLC Resonant Converter for Photovoltaic-Battery Hybrid System (2019)

Photovoltaic (PV) systems with integrated energy storage units traditionally have been complex and required multiple DC-DC converters. In this paper, a novel multiport isolated LLC resonant converter and a modified maximum power point tracking (MMPPT) control method are introduced to reduce complexity. The proposed topology is designed to operate under a wide input voltage range and contains an integrated bidirectional pulse width modulation (PWM) converter and a LLC resonant converter. Frequency modulation control is implemented for regulating the output voltage of the whole system while the PWM converter is controlled by the MMPPT which generates the battery current reference and PI controller. MATLAB/Simulink was used to demonstrate the feasibility of the topology.
The Fgl2/fibroleukin prothrombinase contributes to immunologically mediated thrombosis in experimental and human viral hepatitis (2003)

Fibrin deposition and thrombosis within the microvasculature is now appreciated to play a pivotal role in the hepatocellular injury observed in experimental and human viral hepatitis. Importantly, the pathways by which fibrin generation is elicited in viral hepatitis may be mechanistically distinct from the classical pathways of coagulation induced by mechanical trauma or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the setting of murine hepatitis virus strain-3 (MHV-3) infection, a member of the Coronaviridae, activated endothelial cells and macrophages express distinct cell-surface procoagulants, including a novel prothrombinase, Fgl2/fibroleukin, which are important for both the initiation and localization of fibrin deposition. To assess the role of Fgl2/fibroleukin in murine viral hepatitis we generated a Fgl2/fibroleukin-deficient mouse. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from Fgl2/fibroleukin -/-mice did not generate a procoagulant response when infected with MHV-3. Fibrin deposition and liver necrosis were markedly reduced, and survival was increased in mice infected with MHV-3. To address the relevance of Fgl2/fibroleukin in human chronic viral hepatitis we studied patients with minimal and marked chronic hepatitis B. We detected robust expression of Fgl2/fibroleukin mRNA transcripts and protein in liver tissue isolated from patients with marked chronic hepatitis B. Fibrin deposition was strongly associated with Fgl2/fibroleukin expression. Collectively, these data indicate a critical role for Fgl2/fibroleukin in the pathophysiology of experimental and human viral hepatitis.
Nonradiative recombination — critical in choosing quantum well number for InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (2014)

In this work, InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) possessing varied quantum well (QW) numbers were systematically investigated both numerically and experimentally. The numerical computations show that with the increased QW number, a reduced electron leakage can be achieved and hence the efficiency droop can be reduced when a constant Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) nonradiative recombination lifetime is used for all the samples. However, the experimental results indicate that, though the efficiency droop is suppressed, the LED optical power is first improved and then degraded with the increasing QW number. The analysis of the measured external quantum efficiency (EQE) with the increasing current revealed that an increasingly dominant SRH nonradiative recombination is induced with more epitaxial QWs, which can be related to the defect generation due to the strain relaxation, especially when the effective thickness exceeds the critical thickness. These observations were further supported by the carrier lifetime measurement using a pico-second time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) system, which allowed for a revised numerical modeling with the different SRH lifetimes considered. This work provides useful guidelines on choosing the critical QW number when designing LED structures.
Voltammetry and Electron-Transfer Dynamics in a Molecular Melt of a 1.2 nm Metal Quantum Dot (2003)

New molecular melts of nanoparticles have been obtained by place exchanging thiolated poly(ethyleneglycol, MW = 350) ligands into the monolayer shells of the quantum dot nanoparticle Au38(phenylethylthiolate)24. These melts are nearly monodisperse in monolayer protected Au clusters with core diameters of approximately 1.2 nm. LiClO4 electrolyte can be dissolved in the melt via the PEG component of the protecting monolayer, producing an ionically conductive nanophase and enabling voltammetry of the undiluted, semisolid nanoparticle molecular melt. The optical and electrochemical charging properties of the small nanoparticles have molecule-like characteristics (as opposed to quantized double layer charging) both in dilute fluid-solvent solutions and as undiluted melts. Potential step chronoamperometry shows that electronic charge is transported through the melt by diffusion-like core-core electron hopping reactions with a rate constant of 2 x 104 s-1.
Key technologies for millimeter-wave distributed RADAR system over a radio over fiber network (2016)

We discuss key device technologies for realization of an optical-fiber-network-connected distributed radar system in the millimeter-wave band using radio over fiber techniques. The radio over fiber technique is useful for precise signal generation and distribution over the fiber network. In the scenario, each millimeter-wave radar head is not necessary to be equipped with a precision radar signal source; low cost and low energy consumption radar head will be realized. For connection to the optical network, advanced high-speed optical/electrical converters are developed for signal conversion from/to optical signals in 90-GHz band directly in a central office and each radar head. A signal-to-noise power ratio of generated 90-GHz optical signal was achieved larger than 30 dB: enough quality to use in the radar system. An optical switching technique is useful not only for routing the optical signal to the radar heads but also for filtering unnecessary optical components. These device technologies are applicable for distributed millimeter-wave radar systems.
Physical mapping of the central terminator for transcription on the bacteriophage M13 genome (1975)

With the aid of in vitro transcription and translation studies it has been demonstrated that termination of transcription on bacteriophage M13 replicative form DNA occurs at a unique site which is located immediately distal to the 3'-end of gene VIII, the gene which codes for the major capsid protein. The position of this site has been mapped accurately on the enzyme cleavage maps by transcription of restriction fragments of M13 RF DNA. The central termination site was found to be located in restriction fragment Hap-B2 at 450 nucleotides from the 5'-end of its viral strand (0.77 fractional length clockwise from the unique Hind II enzyme cleavage site).
Electrified Methane Reforming: Understanding the Dynamic Interplay (2019)

Electrification of endothermic reactions has the potential to provide a compact and flexible reactor concept, and at the same time, substantially reduce CO2 emissions relative to combustion-heated processes. Here, we show how integrated electrical heating using a wash-coated catalytic structure can resolve limiting thermal conductivity across the catalyst. The inherent uniform supply of heat enables engineering of catalytic efficiency to desired values by changing wash-coat thickness. Overall, the approach diminishes catalytic efficiency as a limiting design parameter. Instead, coat thickness will relate to catalyst lifetime, as very thin coats are more susceptible to deactivation. Characteristic time-scale analysis indicates heat transfer to be the least limiting mechanism, and reactor performance is instead governed by diffusion. Optimal performance based on fluid dynamic simulations favors internal diameters below 0.5 mm, and high linear gas velocities, toward alleviating mass transfer limitations. Integrated electrical heated steam methane reforming essentially inverts the order of reaction mechanisms compared to conventional reforming, challenging the constraints of current industrial practice.
Prospective evaluation of prostate cancer risk in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair candidates (2004)

Hsia, Michael H. MD; Jones, Stephen J. MD, FACS; Ponsky, Lee MD; Ulchaker, James MD, FACS; Ponsky, Jeffrey MD, FACS; Rosenblatt, Steven MD, FACS Author Information
Systematic cycle budget versus system power trade-off (2000)

In contrast to current design practice for (programmable) processor mapping, which mainly targets performance, we focus on a systematic trade-off between cycle budget and energy consumed in the background memory organization. The latter is a crucial component in many of todays designs, including multi-media, network protocols and telecom signal processing. We have a systematic way and tool to explore both freedoms and to arrive at Pareto charts, in which for a given application the lowest cost implementation of the memory organization is plotted against the available cycle budget per submodule. This by making optimal usage of a parallelized memory architecture. We indicate, with results on a digital audio broadcasting receiver and an image compression demonstrator, how to effectively use the Pareto plot to gain significantly in overall system energy consumption within the global real-time constraints.
Effect of temperature on the activity of ribonuclease from Tetrahymena pyriformis (1966)

Abstract Intracellular ribonuclease from the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis GL was purified 10‐fold. After preheating for 20 minutes at 100°C of the ribonuclease preparation 80% of its activity was lost. Preheating under the same conditions, however, in the presence of RNA, did not affect the enzyme activity. Between 0°C and 41°C the apparent activation energy was 15,600 cal per deg. per mole.
Physics of Perpendicular Recording: Effects of Magnetic “Charges” (2002)

Using a 3D expression for the stray field emanating from a perpendicular medium with information recorded at different areal densities, the effects of the magnetic "charge" distribution were explored. The existence of a peak in a density roll-off curve is one of the typically observed effects in perpendicular recording. Comparison between longitudinal and perpendicular recording technologies was made, and guidelines helping appropriately choose the bit aspect ratio (BAR), the recording layer thicknesses, and other parameters, were derived.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Dispersion of Distributions as a Probe of Aggregation in Crude Oils (2011)

We present a new technique—nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion of distributions (NMRDD)—and we demonstrate that it is a particularly sensitive probe of aggregation in asphaltene-rich crude oils. The technique is based on the measurement of the NMR relaxation distributions at different magnetic fields, i.e., at different proton Larmor frequencies. Because the NMR relaxation rates are controlled by molecular fluctuations at the Larmor frequency, these measurements probe the presence of aggregates that tumble at characteristic rates near that frequency. Our experimental results span the Larmor frequencies from 10 kHz to 40 MHz, which is the range relevant for rotation times of asphaltene and resin aggregates in crude oil. The presence of large aggregates is evident by visual inspection of the data, and aggregate sizes for small and medium size aggregates of the order of several nanometers can be extracted without recourse to any specific models of asphaltene interactions. The technique is noninvasive and nondestructive and can be used for monitoring and study of the onset of aggregation at the preflocculation stage in unstable crude oils.
Presence Interdomain Scaling Analysis for SIP/SIMPLE (2009)

The document analyzes the traffic that is generated due to presence
subscriptions between domains. It is shown that the amount of traffic
can be extremely big. In addition to the very large traffic the
document also analyzes the affects of a large presence system on the
memory footprint and the CPU load. Current approved and in work
optimizations to the SIP protocol are analyzed with the possible
impact on the load. Separate documents contain the requirements for
optimizations and suggestions for new optimizations.
Extracellular Ca2+ directly regulates tight junctional permeability in the human cervical cell line CaSki (1997)

Lowering extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]o) increases acutely and reversibly the transepithelial electrical conductance (G(TE)) and the epithelial permeability to pyranine (Ppyr) across CaSki cultures. Effects were already observed after lowering calcium from 1.2 to 1.0 mM and were maximal at 0.1 mM. The dose-response curves were sigmoidal (calcium concentration that produces half-maximal effect = 0.3 mM), and the time courses indicated simple exponential trends (time constants of 4-5 min). The effect of calcium was not mediated by mobilization of cytosolic calcium or altering calcium influx, and manganese was found to be a partial agonist to [Ca2+]o. The effects of [Ca2+]o, on permeability were additive to those of hypertonic conditions, indicating that calcium modulates junctional permeability. The experimental data were fitted to theoretical models that relate changes in G(TE) to the probability of assembled/disassembled tight junctions. The results suggest that calcium interacts directly and cooperatively at extracellular sites with junctional elements that are arranged in parallel, and it shifts the probability state of the junctions from "open" to "closed" state. Changes in extracellular calcium may affect the permeability of tight junctions of the cervical epithelium and may play a role in regulating production of cervical mucus.
Estimation of Distances and Map Construction Using Radiation Hybrids (1998)

A method of estimating distances between pairs of genetic markers is described that directly uses their observed joint frequency distribution in a panel of radiation hybrids (RHs). The distance measure is based on the strength of association between marker pairs, which is high for close markers and decays with distance. These distances are then submitted to a previous method that generates linear coordinates for the markers directly from the intermarker distance matrix. This method of map building from RH data is simpler than others, because it uses only the observed joint frequency distributions of markers in the panel, and does not attempt to model unobserved quantities such as the retention of different sized fragments that contain the markers. It also incorporates directly the observed variation in retention of different markers, without needing a model for differential fragment retention dependent on chromosomal location, which is generally not known. Only small, precise distances are used in map construction, thereby reducing any effects of different fragment retention frequencies and local variations in X-ray sensitivity. The method is tested by simulation, and known marker distances and locations are successfully recovered from RH raw data. The method is also applied to publicly available data sets related to the recent transcript map of the human genome.
Non-Iridescent Structural Color Control via Inkjet Printing of Self-Assembled Synthetic Melanin Nanoparticles (2021)

Melanin is a natural pigment with a high refractive index and strong light absorption across the visible spectrum, making it an ideal material for producing structural colors. Here, we report non-iridescent structural color control via inkjet printing of self-assembled synthetic melanin nanoparticles (SMNPs). Adding silica shells to SMNPs allows for further tuning of both the hue and brightness of the resulting structural colors. The peak wavelengths show a linear dependence with the diameter of the nanoparticles, allowing correlation between ink composition and structural color using the Bragg–Snell law. Additionally, mixtures of SMNPs of different sizes result in colors with peak wavelengths that vary linearly with the mixing ratio in the ink, leading to diverse and predictable colors from one type of material. The morphology of the self-assembled SMNP structures is further controlled by the hydrophilicity of the substrate, providing another means for tailoring the structure and properties. Since structural colors are less susceptible to degradation than organic dyes, this work has implications for emerging sensing, display, and security applications.
Bounds on the Capacity of the Gaussian Soft-Handover Channel (2008)

In this paper, we introduce the model for a Gaussian soft-handover channel (SHC), which adds a new dimension of flexibility to the well-known interference channel (IC). We provide a unified framework for computing achievable rate regions for the SHC in both the uplink and downlink cases. This achievable rate region for SHC is given by the convex hull of the union of certain multiple-access, interference, broadcast, and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z</i> -channels. Some properties of the achievable region are studied. Specifically, we show the following key results: 1) in an uplink SHC, there are channel conditions under which decoding at a single receiver based, for example, on a maximum SNR condition does not achieve the entire boundary of the achievable region; 2) in a downlink SHC, multiple base stations should transmit independent information to all users to achieve the boundary points of the achievable region; and 3) when a mobile communicates with multiple base stations, the ratio of the uplink rates with different base stations could be different from the ratio of the downlink rates with those base stations. A simple outer bound on SHC capacity based on the capacity of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems is also given.
Corba-Based Collaboration in a Virtual Assembly Design Environment (2000)

Abstract The use of virtual environments to plan and evaluate assembly processes has been gaining significant acceptance in the engineering community. The prohibitive costs of immersive virtual environments and the availability of the internet have brought to the forefront the need for methods for sharing the virtual environment during the assembly evaluation process. This will support true collaborative engineering. This paper presents the design and implementation of a CORBA-based distributed virtual assembly environment. The architecture is based on capturing key states and events in the virtual assembly process. This collaborative environment is based on the VADE system created at Washington State University. Test cases were conducted using this system and the results are presented in this paper.
Das CD95 Apoptose-System spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der Virus-Elimination bei Hepatitis B Infektion (2004)

Einleitung: Warum eine Vielzahl der HBV-Infektionen chronisch verläuft, ist bisher unklar. Eine chronische HBV-Infektion zählt zu den Hauptursachen für das Hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC). Wir haben die Bedeutung der Apoptose Signaltransduktion für die Virus-Elimination bzw. -Persistenz mit Hilfe eines adenoviralen HBV-Genom-Transfers untersucht, der im Mausmodell eine akute Hepatitis B imitiert.
Chloroquine ameliorates bone loss induced by d-galactose in male rats via inhibition of ERK associated osteoclastogenesis and antioxidant effect (2021)

Chloroquine (CQ); a lysosomotropic agent used for decade ago as anti-malarial, was tested against aging induced osteoporosis. Osteoporosis in male rats was induced using d-galactose (D-gal) as a reducing sugar at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day; i.p. Osteoporotic rats were orally treated with CQ (10 mg/kg/day) for four successive weeks. Bone densitometry of tibia and femur were evaluated. Bone formation biomarkers; osteoprotegrin (OPG), bone specific alkaline phosphatse (BALP), and osteocalcin (OCN), and bone resorption biomarker; receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), cathepsin-k (CTSK), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were estimated. Moreover, the expression of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) in bone was determined. CQ ameliorated the bone detrimental changes induced by d-galactose. It enhanced bone health as revealed by measurement of bone densitometry, halted the activation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and reduced bone manifestation of ERK. Furthermore, CQ treatment abated serum cathepsin-k (CTSK) and serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) thus inhibited osteoclastogenesis and consequently restored the RANKL/OPG ratio. CQ demonstrated an antioxidant effect in bone where it increased both Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD). These CQ preserving effect in rats treated with d-galactose were confirmed by the histopathological examination. The present study points to the potential therapeutic effect of CQ as anti-osteoporotic agent possibly through its antioxidant effects and suppression of ERK associated osteoclastogenesis.