gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective DNA methylation of BDNF promoter and nociceptin gene in bipolar disorder (2011)

Introduction The etiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still poorly understood and it has been proposed that altered expression of multiple mRNAs, affecting neurotransmission, in psychotic subjects may be due to epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation or histone modification). Aims The present collaborative study was aimed to investigate, in subjects with BD, dysregulation of DNA methylation, in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), previously associated with psychosis and linked to epigenetic changes at promoter regions, and in the nociceptin gene (N/OFQ), a new proposed target in psychiatric disorders. Methods DNA was isolated from blood of patients diagnosed with BD (either type I [n = 19] or II [n = 20]) according to DSM-IV criteria, and from healthy controls (n = 20) and, thereafter, bisulfite conversion was performed. Real-Time Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) was used for the quantification of the methylated promoters in all samples. Results A hypermethylation of BDNF promoter region was observed in BD II patients (but not in BD I) compared to controls (CONT: 19.0 ± 3.2%; BD I: 27.2 ± 4.0%; BD II: 36.3 ± 6.2% * P = 0.0167; ANOVA F = 3.464; P = 0.0384; Bonferroni’s post hoc test). No significant differences were found for DNA methylation of N/OFQ promoter. Conclusions Present preliminary findings suggest selective changes in DNA methylation of BDNF promoter in type II bipolar patients and highlight the importance of epigenetic factors in mediating the onset and/or susceptibility to BD, providing new insight into the mechanisms of gene expression.
Developments in AlGaN and UV-C LEDs grown on SiC (2018)

AlGaN-based UV-C LEDs (260-300 nm) remain inefficient compared to InGaN visible LEDs due to optically absorptive layers limiting light extraction, optical polarization, and poor material quality. Sapphire, the most popular substrate material, is transparent and inexpensive but has many disadvantages in material quality and device performance. In contrast, SiC has small lattice mismatch with AlN (~1%), similar crystal structure, more chemically stable and contains no oxygen, which degrades the IQE and compensates holes. We report low threading dislocations density (TDD) AlN on SiC (TDD &lt; 7x10<sup>8</sup>cm<sup>-2</sup>) by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). We demonstrate innovative thin-film flipchip (TFFC) LEDs with 7.8 mW at 95 mA at 278.5 nm grown on AlN/SiC with TDD~1x10<sup>9</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. (Respectively, EQE and WPE are 1.8% and 0.6%.) We also demonstrate that KOH roughening does not impact the IV voltage of TFFC LED. KOH roughening enhanced the light extraction efficiency (LEE) by 100% and ~180% for UV LEDs with 10 nm p-GaN and 5 nm p-GaN, respectively.
Variable boundary dual mode current modulation scheme for three-phase micro-inverter (2014)

A traditional half-bridge three-phase inverter topology can achieve zero voltage switching by implementing BCM operation which requires no additional power devices or magnetic components. In this paper a variable boundary dualmode current modulation method that combines ZVS and ZCS is proposed in order to improve the efficiency of the BCM current controlled micro-inverter. Decreasing output current moves the ZVS/ZCS boundary toward the peak of the line half cycle which reduces the switching losses at light loads. Increasing output current will move this boundary toward the line zero crossing which reduces conduction losses at heavier loads. The experimental results show that using the proposed current modulation scheme peak efficiency of 98.7% for a 400W three-phase micro-inverter can be achieved with no additional cost.
Monolithic integration of InP based heterostructures on silicon using crystalline Gd<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> buffers (2008)

A new approach of monolithic integration of InP based heterostructures on silicon is proposed, based on the plastic compliant behavior of the InP/Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (111) heterointerface. When grown on a crystalline Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /Si(111) buffer, InP takes its bulk lattice parameter as soon as the growth begins, allowing the monolithic growth of good quality InAsP/InP heterostructures on Si, as attested by room-temperature photoluminescence experiments.
Improvement of Ultra-Thin 3.3 nm Thick Oxide for Co-Salicide Process Using NF3 Annealed Poly-Gate (1999)

To get high quality ultra-thin oxide is very important and difficult for IC industry now. Using NF 3 annealed poly-Si gate to improve gate oxide integrity is described. However, reducing gate, source and drain parasitic resistance with gate lengths down to 0.2 µm is another key point. Co-salicide process can successfully reduce the gate resistance even for a gate length of 0.075 µm. Although, Co-salicide process has a leakage problem. Using NF 3 annealing to prevent Co diffusing into gate oxide is described too. Results show that the optimal NF 3 annealing significantly improves electrical characteristics of ultra-thin oxide and Co-salicide process in terms of leakage current and breakdown field, as compared to the samples without NF 3 annealing.
Measurement of the dielectric properties of high-purity sapphire at 1.865 GHZ from 2-10 Kelvin (2012)

A dielectric test cavity was designed and tested to measure the microwave dielectric properties of ultrapure sapphire at cryogenic temperatures. Measurements were performed by placing a large cylindrical crystal of sapphire in a Nb superconducting cavity operating in the TE01 mode at 1.865 GHz. The dielectric constant, heat capacity, and loss tangent were all calculated using experimental data and RF modeling software. The motivation for these measurements was to determine if such a sapphire could be used as a dielectric lens to focus the magnetic field onto a sample wafer in a high field wafer test cavity. The measured properties have been used to finalize the design of the wafer test cavity.
Iron(II) Triflate as an Efficient Catalyst for the Imination of Sulfoxides (2009)

The challenging imination of benzyl-, sterically demanding alkyl-, and heteroaryl-substituted sulfoxides has been studied. Iron(II) triflate was identified as a highly efficient and robust catalyst for sulfur imination reactions. A variety of sulfoxides and sulfides were efficiently iminated with sulfonyliminoiodinanes (PhI=NSO(2)R) at room temperature to give the corresponding sulfoximines and sulfilimines in good yields and with short reaction times.
Challenges and opportunities in small pixel development for novel CMOS image sensors (2013)

As pixels continue to shrink, increasingly complicated structures are being used to maintain performance. Some of these involve novel processes like wafer thinning and bonding, while others involve novel device or optical structures like light-pipes. The development of 3D interconnect and packaging technologies has also allowed new sensor structures to be developed that allow further customization to imaging. Whether these will be commercially viable, will depend on the cost-effectiveness of developing and manufacturing such structures. Despite the fact that increasingly complicated structures are being used, as we reach pixels with sizes 1.1um and below, system MTF does not continue to scale in performance with the increased pixel sampling frequency. However, the increased pixel sampling frequency can be used to support novel functionality such as High Dynamic Range Imaging or time-interleaved sampling for other applications like depth sensing and stereo vision.
Interface-limited injection in amorphous organic semiconductors (2001)

We examine electron transport in the archetype amorphous organic material tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum $({\mathrm{Alq}}_{3}).$ It is established that for Al, LiF/Al, and Mg:Ag cathodes, injection processes at the metal/organic contact dominate the current-voltage characteristics. We find that transport is also injection-limited at low temperatures, but that the cathode dependence of current-voltage characteristics at $T=30$ K is substantially reduced, raising doubts over metal-to-organic injection models that depend on the cathode work function. Given that ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show a shift in the vacuum potential at the metal/${\mathrm{Alq}}_{3}$ interface of \ensuremath{\sim}1 eV, we investigate the impact of interfacial dipoles on adjacent molecules in the organic film. Consequently, we propose that injection is limited by charge hopping out of interfacial molecular sites whose energy distribution is broadened by local disorder in the interfacial dipole field. We derive a general analytic model of injection from interfacial states and find that it accurately predicts the current-voltage characteristics of transport in ${\mathrm{Alq}}_{3}$ over many orders of magnitude in current and over a wide range of temperatures. The model is extended to other amorphous organic semiconductors and is found to be applicable to both polymers and small molecular weight organic compounds.
Optimal channel code parameter selection for hardware efficient OFDM systems (2005)

An efficient and hardware economic channel coding technique is essential in high-speed mobile communication systems. The channel coding parameters will have a large impact on the system performance (data rate and bit error rate) and also on the hardware development in terms of area consumption and timing behaviour. Therefore, important system parameters like code rate, constraint length and Viterbi decoding strategy (single state or best state and the resulting truncation depth for both strategies) have to be decided early in the design flow. The objective of this paper is to discuss the technical tradeoff (system performance and hardware cost) when choosing the channel coding parameters for a system with convolutional encoding and Viterbi decoding. For a wide range of possible channel coding parameters the impact on the system performance and on hardware consumptions, which have been acquired from field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementations, are discussed and compared.
Molecular ribbons (1998)

Self-assembly of molecular wires presents an exciting approach to the problem of interconnecting electronic devices. However, a central difficulty with this concept is the huge size mismatch between a molecule and an electronic device. One way around this problem is to link together a chain of 1-5 nm size metallic clusters electronically with short ( nm) molecular wires to form what we call a `molecular ribbon'. In this paper we review some of the work on (1) measuring and interpreting the resistance of a class of molecular wires and (2) using these wires to connect metallic nanoclusters to form a ribbon. We then present a possible scheme by which molecular ribbons could be used to generate a useful interconnection network. This scheme is very speculative in nature, but it provides a concrete example of how the directed self-assembly of molecular nanostructures can be relevant to semiconductor technology.
Zerstäuben von Flüssigkeiten (1980)

Abstract Atomization of liquids . The process of droplet formation can be represented quite clearly with the aid of dimensionless factors. Thus, clear distinction can be made between dripping, spluttering and atomization for the flow of a liquid through nozzles. In the first two cases laminar flow dominates; droplets of a definite size are formed. Atomization, on the other hand, is conversion of a jet in a turbulent state of flow into a fine spray of droplets covering a wide size range. The most commonly used atomization apparatus include one‐and two‐substance jets, rotation atomizers, and special purpose jets.
Surface Functionalization of Silica with 2‐Vinylfuran by Cationic Polymerization (2003)

Abstract Cationic surface polymerization of 2‐vinylfuran with chlorotriphenylmethane as initiator has been used for the functionalization of silica particles. The influence of monomer/initiator ratio and temperature on grafting efficiency, yield, and degree of grafting has been investigated. Grafting efficiency is a significant function of temperature and monomer/initiator ratio, because crosslinking reactions between cationically active chains increases the amount of the immobilized polyvinylfuran fraction. Thus, larger initiator concentrations on the silica cause higher polymer content on the surface. Polymer structure elucidation and surface properties are analyzed by means of solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, UV‐vis spectroscopy, BET – measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. magnified image
Comment on mr-2022-16 (2023)

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Diffusion NMR and MRI methods building on the classic pulsed gradient spin-echo sequence are sensitive to many aspects of translational motion, including time and frequency dependence (ârestrictionâ), anisotropy, and flow, leading to ambiguities when interpreting experimental data from complex heterogeneous materials such as living biological tissues. While the oscillating gradient technique specifically targets frequency dependence and permits control of the sensitivity to flow, tensor-valued encoding enables investigations of anisotropy in orientationally disordered materials. Here, we propose a simple scheme derived from the âdouble-rotationâ technique in solid-state NMR to generate a family of modulated gradient waveforms allowing for comprehensive exploration of the 2D frequencyâanisotropy space and convenient investigation of both restricted and anisotropic diffusion with a single multidimensional acquisition protocol, thereby combining the desirable characteristics of the oscillating gradient and tensor-valued encoding techniques. The method is demonstrated by measuring multicomponent isotropic Gaussian diffusion in simple liquids, anisotropic Gaussian diffusion in a polydomain lyotropic liquid crystal, and restricted diffusion in a yeast cell sediment.
Stimulation of ATPase Activity of Purified Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein by Nucleoside Diphosphates (1998)

Membrane vesicles prepared from cells expressing the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) transport glutathione S-conjugates of hydrophobic substrates in an ATP dependent manner. Purified MRP possesses ATPase activity which can be further stimulated by anticancer drugs or leukotriene C4. However, the detailed relationship between ATP hydrolysis and drug transport has not been established. How the ATPase activity of MRP is regulated in the cell is also not known. In this report, we have examined the effects of different nucleotides on the ATPase activity of purified MRP. We have found that pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphates have little effect on enzymatic activity. In contrast, purine nucleotides dATP, dGTP, and adenosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate function as competitive inhibitors. Somewhat unexpectedly, low concentrations of all the nucleoside diphosphates (NDPs) tested, except UDP, stimulate the ATPase activity severalfold. ADP or GDP at higher concentrations was inhibitory, reflecting NDP binding to the substrate site. On the other hand, the enhancement of hydrolysis at low NDP concentrations must reflect interactions with a separate site. Therefore, we postulate the presence of at least two types of nucleotide binding sites on the MRP, a catalytic site(s) to which ATP preferentially binds and is hydrolyzed and a regulatory site to which NDPs preferentially bind and stimulate hydrolysis. Interestingly, the stimulatory effects of drugs transported by MRP and NDPs are not additive, i.e. drugs are not able to further stimulate the NDP-activated enzyme. Hence, the two activation pathways intersect at some point. Since both nucleotide binding domains of MRP are likely to be required for drug stimulation of ATPase activity, the two sites that we postulate may also involve both domains.
Long‐term optimization of outcomes with flexible adalimumab dosing in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (2018)

Optimizing therapy by temporarily increasing the dosing of adalimumab to EW in patients with psoriasis and an inadequate response to adalimumab 40 mg EOW permitted the achievement and long-term maintenance of clinical improvement.
Getting rid of anti-solvents: gas quenching for high performance perovskite solar cells (2018)

As the field of perovskite optoelectronics developed, a plethora of strategies has arisen to control their electronic and morphological characteristics for the purpose of producing high efficiency devices. Unfortunately, despite this wealth of deposition approaches, the community experiences a great deal of irreproducibility between different laboratories, batches and preparation methods. Aiming to address this issue, we developed a simple deposition method based on gas quenching that yields smooth films for a wide range of perovskite compositions, in single, double, triple and quadruple cation varieties, and produces planar heterojunction devices with competitive efficiencies, so far up to 20%.
HELIOS: photonics electronics functional integration on CMOS (2010)

Silicon photonics have generated an increasing interest in the recent year, mainly for optical telecommunications or for optical interconnects in microelectronic circuits. The rationale of silicon photonics is the reduction of the cost of photonic systems through the integration of photonic components and an IC on a common chip, or in the longer term, the enhancement of IC performance with the introduction of optics inside a high performance chip. In order to build a Opto-Electronic Integrated circuit (OEIC), a large European project HELIOS has been launched two years ago. The objective is to combine a photonic layer with a CMOS circuit by different innovative means, using microelectronics fabrication processes. High performance generic building blocks that can be used for a broad range of applications are developed such as WDM sources by III-V/Si heterogeneous integration, fast Si modulators and Ge or InGaAs detectors, Si passive circuits and specific packaging. Different scenari for integrating photonic with an electronic chip and the recent advances on the building blocks of the Helios project are presented.
Structural and Dynamical Insights from Vibrational Multipolar Analyses of Isotropic Media: Application to Molecular Liquid CCl4 and Silica Glass SiO2 (2008)

We propose and describe combined multipolar vibrational decompositions of IR, polarized Raman and hyper-Raman spectra as a powerful method to study and interpret vibrational spectra in isotropic materials. We have applied this new method to the molecular liquid CCl4 and to silica glass, which are both made of elementary tetrahedral units weakly interacting and strongly 3D-linked, respectively. As expected, huge deviations of vibrational multipolar activities from isolated tetrahedron are observed in silica glass. From the vibrational multipolar analyses, we propose a structural model, beyond the local tetrahedral unit, because it encompasses first neighborhoods, which fits the activities of the multipolar vibrational spectra. It is derived from the unit cell of the α-cristoballite structure, with an octupolar S4 symmetry, which consists of a central SiO4 tetrahedron embedded in a super Si4/4 tetrahedron with bent Si−O−Si bonds.
A spatial-color layout feature for representing galaxy images (2014)

We propose a spatial-color layout feature specially designed for galaxy images. Inspired by findings on galaxy formation and evolution from Astronomy, the proposed feature captures both global and local morphological information of galaxies. In addition, our feature is scale and rotation invariant. By developing a hashing-based approach with the proposed feature, we implemented an efficient galaxy image retrieval system on a dataset with more than 280 thousand galaxy images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey project. Given a query image, the proposed system can rank-order all galaxies from the dataset according to relevance in only 35 milliseconds on a single PC. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first works on galaxy-specific feature design and large-scale galaxy image retrieval. We evaluated the performance of the proposed feature and the galaxy image retrieval system using web user annotations, showing that the proposed feature outperforms other classic features, including HOG, Gist, LBP, and Color-histograms. The success of our retrieval system demonstrates the advantages of leveraging computer vision techniques in Astronomy problems.
The Interplay of mRNA Stimulatory Signals Required for AUU-Mediated Initiation and Programmed −1 Ribosomal Frameshifting in Decoding of Transposable Element IS 911 (2011)

The IS911 bacterial transposable element uses -1 programmed translational frameshifting to generate the protein required for its mobility: translation initiated in one gene (orfA) shifts to the -1 frame and continues in a second overlapping gene (orfB), thus generating the OrfAB transposase. The A-AAA-AAG frameshift site of IS911 is flanked by two stimulatory elements, an upstream Shine-Dalgarno sequence and a downstream stem-loop. We show here that, while they can act independently, these stimulators have a synergistic effect when combined. Mutagenic analyses revealed features of the complex stem-loop that make it a low-efficiency stimulator. They also revealed the dual role of the upstream Shine-Dalgarno sequence as (i) a stimulator of frameshifting, by itself more potent than the stem-loop, and (ii) a mandatory determinant of initiation of OrfB protein synthesis on an AUU codon directly preceding the A6G motif. Both roles rely on transient base pairing of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence with the 3' end of 16S rRNA. Because of its effect on frameshifting, the Shine-Dalgarno sequence is an important determinant of the level of transposase in IS911-containing cells, and hence of the frequency of transposition.
Effects of constrained-layer damping on the dynamics of a Type 4 in-line head suspension (1990)

Experimental frequency-response functions were obtained for several Type 4 inline suspension assemblies with lateral excitation. Mode shapes are described for all the modes observed between 1 and 15 kHz. The effect of a constrained-layer damper on several of the most important modes is described. It is shown that the damper is not an optimal solution for reducing the amplitude of the sway mode for the Type 4 inline suspension. It is also shown that the partial effectiveness of the damper for the sway mode results primarily from the damper region near the base of the suspension, and that the tip region of the damper has a negligible contribution towards energy dissipation for this mode. Of the load beam modes investigated, the sway mode was most affected by the addition of mass to the slider.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Remote focusing system for simultaneous dual-plane mesoscopic multiphoton imaging (2018)

We present a dual-plane mesoscopic imaging system capable of simultaneous image acquisition from two independent focal planes. The system was designed as an add-on to a recently introduced large field-of-view two-photon microscopy system, developed by Sofroniew, et al., eLife, 5, e14472, 2016. In this work, we merge two advanced multiphoton imaging technologies, i.e., temporal-division multiplexing and remote focusing, to maintain diffraction-limited resolution at both imaging planes, and achieve a more than 2-fold increase in the system's overall imaging throughput. We introduce a novel solution to decode temporally interleaved analog signals at nanosecond timescales to achieve high-speed time-multiplexed imaging. Detailed characterization and comparison of the modified and the original two-photon microscopy system was performed.