gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission by nociceptin in superficial dorsal horn neurones of the neonatal rat spinal cord (1997)

1. The modulatory actions of nociceptin/orphanin FQ on excitatory synaptic transmission were studied in superficial dorsal horn neurones in transverse slices from 7 to 14 day old rats. 2. Glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic currents (e.p.s.cs) were recorded from the somata of the neurones in the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration. E.p.s.cs were evoked by extracellular electrical stimulation (100 microns, 3-10 V) of the ipsilateral dorsal root entry zone by use of a glass electrode. E.p.s.cs with constant short latency (< 2.3 ms) and with no failures upon stimulation were assumed to be monosynaptic. These e.p.s.cs occurred with an average latency of 1.72 +/- 0.098 ms and exhibited a fast decay with a time constant, tau, of 4.8 +/- 0.53 ms (n = 30). 3. Nociceptin reversibly reduced the amplitudes of e.p.s.cs in a concentration-dependent manner in 25 out of 27 cells tested. Average maximum inhibition was 51.6 +/- 5.7% (mean +/- s.e.mean; n = 9), at concentrations > 3 microM. EC30 was 485 +/- 47 nM and the Hill coefficient was 1.29 +/- 0.09. 4. Inhibition of synaptic transmission by nociceptin (10 microM) was insensitive to the non-specific opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (10 microM) indicating that nociceptin did not act via classical opioid receptors. 5. In order to determine the site of action of nociceptin spontaneous miniature e.p.s.cs (m-e.p.s.cs) were recorded. Nociceptin reduced the frequency of m-e.p.s.cs in 6 out of 7 cells but had no effect on their amplitude distribution or on their time course. These findings suggest a pre- rather than a postsynaptic modulatory site of action. This is in line with the finding that current responses elicited by extracellular application of L-glutamate (10 microM) were not affected by nociceptin (10 microM; n = 7). 6. No positive correlation was found between the degree of inhibition by nociceptin (10 microM) and by the mixed delta- and mu-receptor agonist methionine-enkephalin (10 microM). This suggests that both neuropeptides acted on different but perhaps overlapping populations of synaptic connections. 7. Our results indicate that nociceptin inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission in the superficial layers of the rat dorsal horn by acting on presynaptic, presumably ORL1 receptors. This may be an important mechanism for spinal sensory information processing including nociception.
Moderate exercise training attenuates aging-induced cardiac inflammation, hypertrophy and fibrosis injuries of rat hearts (2015)

Aging is the most important risk factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading causes of death worldwide and the second major cause of death in Taiwan. The major factor in heart failure during aging is heart remodeling, including long-term stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Exercise is good for aging heart health, but the impact of exercise training on aging is not defined. This study used 3-, 12- and 18-month-old rats and randomly divided each age group into no exercise training control groups (C3, A12 and A18) and moderate gentle swimming exercise training groups (E3, AE12 and AE18). The protocol of exercise training was swimming five times weekly with gradual increases from the first week from 20 to 60 min for 12 weeks. Analyses of protein from rat heart tissues and sections revealed cardiac inflammation, hypertrophy and fibrosis pathway increases in aged rat groups (A12 and A18), which were improved in exercise training groups (AE12 and AE18). There were no heart injuries in young rat hearts in exercise group E3. These data suggest that moderate swimming exercise training attenuated aging-induced cardiac inflammation, hypertrophy and fibrosis injuries of rat hearts.
Effect of Argon-Beam Coagulation on the Integrity of Suture Material (2002)

The ABC has differential effects on suture materials. Larger-gauge suture materials are more resistant to ABC than smaller materials. Similarly, nonabsorbable sutures are generally more resilient to ABC energy than absorbable materials. Among the suture materials evaluated in our in vitro model, 2-0 Gore-Tex was best suited for vascular ligation, and 2-0 polyglactin is optimal for renal collecting system closure if ABC is anticipated as an adjunct for hemostasis.
Molecular Mechanism of a Green-Shifted, pH-Dependent Red Fluorescent Protein mKate Variant (2011)

Fluorescent proteins that can switch between distinct colors have contributed significantly to modern biomedical imaging technologies and molecular cell biology. Here we report the identification and biochemical analysis of a green-shifted red fluorescent protein variant GmKate, produced by the introduction of two mutations into mKate. Although the mutations decrease the overall brightness of the protein, GmKate is subject to pH-dependent, reversible green-to-red color conversion. At physiological pH, GmKate absorbs blue light (445 nm) and emits green fluorescence (525 nm). At pH above 9.0, GmKate absorbs 598 nm light and emits 646 nm, far-red fluorescence, similar to its sequence homolog mNeptune. Based on optical spectra and crystal structures of GmKate in its green and red states, the reversible color transition is attributed to the different protonation states of the cis-chromophore, an interpretation that was confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. Crystal structures reveal potential hydrogen bond networks around the chromophore that may facilitate the protonation switch, and indicate a molecular basis for the unusual bathochromic shift observed at high pH. This study provides mechanistic insights into the color tuning of mKate variants, which may aid the development of green-to-red color-convertible fluorescent sensors, and suggests GmKate as a prototype of genetically encoded pH sensors for biological studies.
Photoexcited 2-dimensional photonic crystal and quaicrystal lasers with organic gain media (2004)

This study used organic thin-film gain media to study laser action in two-dimensional photonic crystals and quasi-crystals. The photonic crystal structures employed, although two-dimensional, do not possess a complete two-dimensional band-gap. A pulsed nitrogen laser with pulse width 2 ns and 337 nm light is used to photo-excite the structure. A CCD/spectrometer is used to measure the emission spectra. The PBD molecules absorb the pump and funnel the excitation to the DCM dye molecules through cascade Forster transfer. The gain medium can be approximated by a four-level system.
Human-Generated Power for Mobile Electronics (2018)

Since the 1990’s, mobile computing has transformed its penetration from niche markets and early prototypes to ubiquity. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) evolved from GRiD’s PalmPad and Apple’s Newton in 1993 to the Palm, Handspring, and Microsoft-based models that support the multi-billion dollar industry today. While BellSouth/IBM’s Simon may have been the only mobile phone to offer e-mail connectivity in 1994, almost every modern mobile phone provides data services today. Portable digital music players have replaced cassette and CD-based systems, and these “MP3 players” are evolving into portable repositories for music videos, movies, photos, and personal information such as e-mail. Laptops, which were massive and inconvenient briefcase devices in the late 1980’s, now outsell desktops. Yet all these devices still have a common, difficult problem to overcome: power. This chapter will review trends in mobile computing over the past decade and describe how batteries affect design tradeoffs for mobile device manufacturers. This analysis leads to an interesting question: is there an alternative to batteries? Although the answer has many components that range from power management through energy storage [142], the bulk of this chapter will overview the history and state-of-the-art in harvesting power from the user to support body-worn mobile electronics.
Reassessment of lesion-associated gene and variant pathogenicity in focal human epilepsies (2017)

Purpose Increasing availability of surgically resected brain tissue from Focal Cortical Dysplasia and low-grade epilepsy-associated tumor patients fostered large-scale genetic examination. However, assessment of germline and somatic variant pathogenicity remains difficult. Methods Here, we critically reevaluated the pathogenicity for all neuropathology-associated variants reported to date in the PubMed and ClinVar databases, including 12 disease-related genes and 88 neuropathology-associated missense variants. We (1) assessed evolutionary gene constraint using the pLI and missense z scores, (2) applied guidelines by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), and (3) predicted pathogenicity by using PolyPhen-2, CADD, and GERP. Results Constraint analysis classified only seven out of 12 genes to be likely disease-associated, while 35 (40%) of those 88 variants were classified as being variants of unknown significance (VUS) and 53 (60%) as being likely pathogenic (LPII). Pathogenicity prediction yielded discrimination between neuropathology-associated variants (LPII and VUS) and rare variant scores obtained from individuals present in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Conclusion We conclude that several VUS are likely disease-associated and will be reclassified by future molecular evidence. In summary, interpretation of lesion-associated gene variants remains complex while the application of current ACMG guidelines including bioinformatic pathogenicity prediction will help improving interpretation and prediction.
42.3: New Cell Structure with Priming Cells and Driving Method for High Speed Addressing in AC‐PDPs (2010)

Abstract We proposed a new cell structure with priming cells and a driving method for high speed addressing in AC‐PDPs. An MgO layer is formed in the back plate of the priming cells to setup both the display cells and the priming cells. The statistical delay time of the address discharge was shortened to less than 20 ns by this technology.
Heavy-Oil Uncertainties Facing Operators in the North Sea (2005)

Abstract Rising oil price and demand has led to increased effort to develop reservoirs in the North Sea that were previously considered uneconomical by major operators. The recent DTI ‘Promote’ licensing initiative has encouraged smaller oil companies to apply for exploration/appraisal acreage on a limited financial commitment basis for two years before initiating a more traditional work program. Companies using this option to develop heavy oil reservoirs in the North Sea, many of which were discovered in the 70's, face a number of uncertainties traditionally associated with heavy oil. These include the determination of density and live oil viscosity at reservoir temperature where no clear correlation exists and the determination of reservoir properties from a limited range of historical data. In the offshore environment heavy oil developments are further complicated by the high front-end costs, limited reservoir size and uncertainty in geology and productivity. Only four of the heavy oil fields discoveries on the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) have reached development and we review these fields to illustrate the challenges. Many of the reservoir and fluid uncertainties can be addressed with modern logging and analysis methods and recommendations for data gathering campaigns in these environments are provided. The technological challenges of an offshore heavy oil development can be met with advances in sand control, ESP technology and EOR techniques. Combined together these solutions provide more accurate production forecasts, which help the economics of developing the resource to be better understood. The proposed appraisal and development of a heavy oil field situated in Block 9/3b is used as a case study to highlight the challenges faced by operators in the development of heavy oil fields in the North Sea. Re-evaluation of historical data was used to develop a range of production forecasts that fully capture the potential and risk of the development.
Initiation and Decomposition of Green Energetic Materials (2010)

Abstract : Recently there has been increased interest in high nitrogen content energetic materials which are designed to produce relatively non-toxic decomposition products as part of a push to decrease the environmental impact of energetic materials through all phases of their existence. With the use of a T-Jump/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (T-Jump/TOFMS) capable of high heating rates (up to 106 K/s), and rapid sampling (resolution = 100 s), we were able to probe the initiation and decomposition of these green energetics. The samples include 5-amino-1-methyl-1H-tetrazolium dinitramide (MeHAT_DN), 1,5-diamino-4-methyl-1H-tetrazolium dinitramide (MeDAT_DN), 1,5-diamino-1H-tetrazolium nitrate (DAT_N), 1,5-diamino-4-methyl-1H-tetrazolium azide (MeDAT_N3), and 5-aminotetrazolium dinitramide (HAT_DN), and were produced by the Kalp tke group of the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich. These materials have the commonality of a tetrazole containing cation species that is paired with a variety of anion structures. During rapid heating there are observed two competing breakdown mechanisms for the cation's tetrazole ring. There does not appear to be a correlation between the ring breakdown mechanisms and decomposition temperature, but rather with the placement of functional groups along the tetrazole ring. Since the tetrazole structure is a large part of each of these materials, the neutral 5- amino-1H-tetrazole (5-AT) was also tested to compare the decomposition between neutral and ionic species. Decomposition temperature and reaction time within the mass spectrometer are also determined, and for a few materials with slower reaction rates, multiple mechanistic steps can be observed. In a complimentary study several of these materials were tested on a micro-DSC device developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Due to its small size, this system allows for rapid heating of samples and fuinvestigation of the decomposition temco
Polymer-based optical amplifiers for operation at 1.55 μm (2001)

Erbium doped polymer waveguide amplifier for operation at 1.55 micrometers was studied. A fluorinated polyimide was doped with Er ions using ion implantation. The samples were irradiated at room temperature by 320 keV Er<SUP>2+</SUP> and 160 keV Er<SUP>+</SUP> ions. Doses used were 1 by 10<SUP>15</SUP>/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 1 by 10<SUP>14</SUP>/cm<SUP>2</SUP> respectively. The implanted samples were characterized using Rutherford Backscattering and SIMS analysis. The implanted ion profile was nearly Gaussian with range of 0.25 micrometers for the 320 keV implant and 0.12 micrometers for the 160 keV implant. A Gaussian implanted ion profile, matched with the electric field profile of the waveguide mode, can enhance the efficiency of energy transfer between the waveguide mode and the active ions. The implant depth of Er in polyimide at the energies used is shallow. In order to achieve the overlap with the electric field profile, a two layer waveguide amplifier structure is proposed. Such doping and waveguide fabrication techniques are compatible with the existing silicon technology.
Nano-QSAR modeling for predicting the cytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles using novel descriptors (2016)

Computational approaches have evolved as efficient alternatives to understand the adverse effects of nanoparticles on human health and the environment.
Microcavities in Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals (2005)

Designed point-defects, or microcavities, have been achieved in high- index-contrast 3D photonic crystals. Such cavities may possess ultra-high quality factors and be robust against fabrication distortions. Future applications in cavity quantum electrodynamics will be discussed.
Determination of the phospholipid and sphingolipid content in the feces of uninfected BALB/c mice and those infected with Echinostoma caproni by high performance silica gel thin layer chromatography with densitometry (2007)

SUMMARY High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to determine the phospholipid and sphingolipid profiles in the feces of BALB/c mice infected with Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) versus uninfected controls. Lipids extracted from fecal samples with chloroform-methanol, 2:1, were separated on silica gel HPTLC plates developed in chloroformmethanol-water, 65:25:4. Densitometric analysis of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanol-amine, and cerebroside zones was performed to compare infected versus uninfected profiles. No significant changes were found in the phospholipid or sphingolipid profiles in the feces of mice at 1 to 7 weeks post infection compared to matched uninfected controls. Although, our findings suggest that fecal polar lipids are not useful biological markers to distinguish E. caproni infections in mice from uninfected controls, the new data presented are important for future comparison in future studies involving feces from mice with heavier levels of infection and urine from infected versus uninfected mice.
Long life operations over 5000 hours of BeZnSeTe/MgZnCdSe visible light emitting diodes on InP substrates (2006)

Abstract Aging characteristics of BeZnSeTe yellow light emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated on InP substrates by molecular beam epitaxy were investigated under direct current injections at room temperature. It was shown that the decay speed of the light output during the aging was slower than that of conventional ZnCdSe/MgZnSSe LEDs. A long lifetime more than 5000 h and a half lifetime of 5180 h were obtained at a current density of 130 A/cm 2 . The half lifetimes of the BeZnSeTe LEDs were about three orders of magnitude greater than that of the ZnCdSe/MgZnSSe LEDs. These results proved high reliability of the BeZnSeTe LED. Investigating the aging characteristics of the applied voltage, the injection current, and the emission spectra showed that the output decay was caused by degradation of the active layer of the LEDs. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling of the Mechanical Behaviour of Human Joints Cartilage (2008)

A significant component of our understanding of cartilage mechanical behaviour is the ability to model its response to various types of mechanical loading, for which we require detailed knowledge of cartilage material properties. The Finite Element Analysis software ABAQUS is renowned for the ability to model poroelastic materials using the soil consolidation theory. In this research, ABAQUS has been used to model and investigate the mechanical behaviour of articular cartilage, mainly using indentation and unconfined compression techniques. A biphasic model of articular cartilage was first created and subsequently modified to incorporate more detailed material descriptions. Various material constitutive laws (and mechanical properties), accounting for the strain dependent permeability of the porous matrix, solid viscoelasticity and transverse isotropy, have been adopted to produce increasingly sophisticated models. The presence of collagen fibril networks embedded in the solid has been also considered and Fibril Reinforced Elastic and Viscoelastic models produced. A salient feature of these models is their ability to simulate fibril stiffening by replicating the nonlinear fibrillar response. In this paper, we provide an overview of the state-of-art modelling techniques adopted to simulate cartilage behaviour. The comparative study performed by the authors provides a critical assessment of the effectiveness of such techniques.
Oversampling requirements for pixelated-imager systems (1999)

The image quality resulting from a 2-D image-sampling process by an array of pixels is described. The description is based on a Fourier transformation of the Wigner-Seitz cell, which transforms a unit cell of the sampling lattice in the spatial domain into a bandwidth cell in the spatial-frequency domain. The area of the resulting bandwidth cell is a quantitative measure of the image fidelity of the sampling process. We compare the image-quality benefits of three different oversampling geometries in terms of the modulation transfer function (MTF) as a function of the amount of oversampling used. (C) 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(99)00205-6].
Space‐ and Time‐Resolved Visualization of Acid Catalysis in ZSM‐5 Crystals by Fluorescence Microscopy (2007)

ZSM-5 bei der Arbeit: Die säurekatalysierte Kondensation von Furfurylalkohol in den Poren des Zeoliths ZSM-5 wurde unter dem Fluoreszenzmikroskop verfolgt. Von Reaktionsbeginn bis zur Desaktivierung des Katalysators variiert die Reaktivität der unterschiedlichen Kristallsegmente. Mit der vorgestellten Technik kann diese heterogene Aktivität innerhalb einzelner Kristalle beobachtet werden (siehe Bild). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z604336_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Net Photosynthesis of Three Foliage Plants under Low Irradiation Levels1 (1979)

Abstract Net CO 2 exchange, dark respiration, light compensation points, and light acclimatization rates were determined for Brassaia actinophyIla Endl., Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott ‘Bostoniensis’, and Epipremnum aureum (Linden &amp; Andre) Bunt under 4 irradiation levels. These 3 species exhibited increased rates of net CO 2 uptake and decreased rates of dark respiration at the lowest irradiances, indicating an increase in photosynthetic efficiency. They demonstrated a 1.4 to 5.0 fold reduction in light compensation points over a 7 week period of acclimatization. Brassaia actinophylla reached its minimum light compensation point in 5 weeks, Epipremnum aureum in 3 weeks, and Nephrolepsis exaltata ‘Bostoniensis’ never reached a fixed light compensation point.
Dynamic Channel Modeling for Indoor Millimeter-Wave Propagation Channels Based on Measurements (2020)

In this contribution, a recently conducted measurement campaign for indoor millimeter-wave (mm-wave) propagation channels is introduced. A vector network analyzer (VNA)-based channel sounder was exploited to record the channel characteristics at the frequency band from 28-30 GHz. A virtual uniform circular array (UCA) with a radius of 0.25 m was formed using a rotator with 360 steps. Moreover, by taking advantage of fiber-optic technique applied in the channel sounder, measurements at 50 positions were performed from an indoor hall to an indoor corridor along a long pre-defined route. A low-complexity high-resolution propagation estimation (HRPE) algorithm is exploited to estimate the propagation parameters of multipath components (MPCs). Based on the HRPE estimation results, a novel clustering identification and tracking algorithm is proposed to trace clusters. Composite channel characteristics, cluster-level characteristics and dynamic (or birth-death) behaviours of the clusters are investigated, which constitute a dynamic model for the indoor mm-wave channel.
Modulators and photodetectors developed in the framework of the European HELIOS project (2010)

Silicon photonics has generated a growing interest with impressive results on active devices like optical modulators and photodetectors in the last few years. In the framework of the European project HELIOS, several research groups and industrial partners work on the main building blocks to make high-speed optical links based on either silicon-based materials or III-V components bonded on silicon. Here, we present an overview of the main achievements on PN and PIPIN optical modulators based on carrier depletion and on germanium and III-V photodetectors integrated with silicon waveguides.