gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress toward scalable tomography of quantum maps using twirling-based methods and information hierarchies (2010)

We present in a unified manner the existing methods for scalable partial quantum process tomography. We focus on two main approaches: the one presented in Bendersky et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 190403 (2008)] and the ones described, respectively, in Emerson et al. [Science 317, 1893 (2007)] and L\'opez et al. [Phys. Rev. A 79, 042328 (2009)], which can be combined together. The methods share an essential feature: They are based on the idea that the tomography of a quantum map can be efficiently performed by studying certain properties of a twirling of such a map. From this perspective, in this paper we present extensions, improvements, and comparative analyses of the scalable methods for partial quantum process tomography. We also clarify the significance of the extracted information, and we introduce interesting and useful properties of the $\ensuremath{\chi}$-matrix representation of quantum maps that can be used to establish a clearer path toward achieving full tomography of quantum processes in a scalable way.
Design, fabrication and metrology of 10$\\,\\times\\,$100 multi-planar\n integrated photonic routing manifolds for neural networks (2018)

We design, fabricate and characterize integrated photonic routing manifolds\nwith 10 inputs and 100 outputs using two vertically integrated planes of\nsilicon nitride waveguides. We analyze manifolds via top-view camera imaging.\nThis measurement technique allows the rapid acquisition of hundreds of precise\ntransmission measurements. We demonstrate manifolds with uniform and Gaussian\npower distribution patterns with mean power output errors (averaged over 10\nsets of 10 inputs) of 0.7 and 0.9 dB, respectively, establishing this as a\nviable architecture for precision light distribution on-chip. We also assess\nthe performance of the passive photonic elements comprising the system via\nself-referenced test structures, including high-dynamic-range beam taps,\nwaveguide cutback structures, and waveguide crossing arrays.\n
Electroluminescence in p-n junction using p-ZnTe/ZnS doping superlattices (1992)

p-n junction blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using p-ZnTe/ZnS doping SLs have been demonstrated for the first time. These LED structures emit blue light at room temperature. These heterostructures also provide p-type conduction and are very useful for the carrier and optical confinement. We believe the present study sheds light on blue LDs using II-VI semiconductors.
Electromagnetic induction sensing of unexploded ordnance and soil properties from unmanned aerial systems (2021)

Development over the last two decades of electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensing technology has enabled more accurate identification of unexploded ordinance (UXO) and soil properties. False alarm rates and false negative rates for modern EMI sensors have reduced the cost associated with range cleanup dramatically. However, all EMI UXO sensors continue to have at least two problems associated with safer and more cost-effective cleanup. The first problem centers around requiring a human to push or otherwise operate a sensor on the ground potentially in harm’s way rendering the data acquisition phase of remediation costly and dangerous. The second challenge involves the data interpretation side of EMI sensing. The soil conductivity generates a response that can contaminate EMI data, though in some applications ascertaining soil properties are the goal of the sensor. We developed a lightweight time domain EMI sensor aimed at UXO detection and classification suitable for flying on a UAS platform. This sensor is designed to detect larger targets at up to 2 m from the transmitter and receiver coils. Additionally, we created a time domain sensor suitable for ascertaining the conductivity and magnetic permeability of soils in the top several meters, also suitable for UAS deployment. Both sensors have balanced payloads weighing less than 12 pounds. We present the sensors as well as preliminary calibration and field data demonstrating the efficacy and potential of these sensors to render the process of acquiring UXO data and soil property data less expensive, more efficient and safer.
Serum-associated inhibition of neutrophil Fc receptors in cancer patients. (1981)

Rosettes with ox erythrocytes coated with purified IgG antibody were used to detect Fc receptors on neutrophils from 60 patients with solid neoplasias and from 55 normal controls. The mean average of the rosettes in the patients was 48.10%, and that in normal controls was 79.42%, with a highly significant difference according to the Wilcoxon test [negative probability, P(w)-4.47 . 10(-5)]. The low proportion of patients' rosettes ws related to the presence of a serum factor, which also inhibited normal neutrophil rosette formation. Patient neutrophils (or normal neutrophils treated with patient sera) recovered their rosetting capacity when cultured in vitro. No correlation was found between low percentages of rosette-forming cells and the level of circulating immune complexes of the individual patients. Additional evidence also supported the finding that IC and the serum factor are probably unrelated.
Multipurpose Prevention Technologies: Biomedical Tools to Prevent HIV-1, HSV-2, and Unintended Pregnancies (2011)

Statistics clearly show an unmet need for highly effective contraception, especially in less developed countries. Many of these countries are at the core of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and show very high prevalence rates for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as that caused by HSV-2. A woman at risk of unintended pregnancy due to unprotected intercourse is also at risk for HIV/STI. Owing to their causative interrelationship, combining protection against these conditions will result in enhanced prevention and health benefits. Existing multipurpose prevention modalities such as condoms and physical barriers, albeit efficacious, face cultural hurdles that have so far hindered their widespread use. Success has recently been demonstrated in large clinical trials, demonstrating proof of concept of microbicides in reducing the incidence of HIV-1 and HSV-2 among at-risk populations. The challenge heretofore is to refine these products to make them more potent, convenient, accessible, and acceptable. Potent antiviral drugs released topically in the female reproductive tract by innovative delivered systems and formulations will provide safe, effective, and acceptable multipurpose prevention tools. This paper provides an overview of existing and novel approaches to multipurpose prevention strategies.
Targeting B7-H3 in prostate cancer: Phase 2 trial in localized prostate cancer using the anti-B7-H3 antibody enoblituzumab, with biomarker correlatives. (2022)

5015 Background: B7-H3/CD276, a member of the B7 superfamily, is highly expressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and is associated with rapid biochemical recurrence and early metastases. B7-H3 is the only checkpoint candidate to have a presumptive androgen receptor binding site, suggesting interaction with the androgen axis. Enoblituzumab (MacroGenics) is an investigational humanized Fc-optimized B7-H3–targeting antibody that induces antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Methods: In this phase 2 single-arm biomarker-rich neoadjuvant trial, men with operable intermediate- and high-risk localized prostate cancer (Grade Groups 3-5) were enrolled to evaluate the safety, anti-tumor efficacy, and immunogenicity of enoblituzumab when given prior to prostatectomy. Patients received enoblituzumab (15 mg/kg IV weekly x 6) prior to surgery. Prostate glands were harvested 2 weeks after the last dose, and were examined for pathologic and immunologic endpoints. The co-primary outcomes were safety and PSA0 at 1 year post-op. Pre-planned secondary outcomes were PSA and Gleason grade group change from biopsy to prostatectomy. Results: 32 men were enrolled. Grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 12% of patients. One patient developed a grade-3 infusion reaction, and one had immune myocarditis that improved with steroids. Pre-prostatectomy PSA declines of &gt;10% were observed in 31% of patients (95% CI: 16-50%). PSA0 at 1 year post-op was seen in 66% of men (95% CI: 47-81%). Median time to PSA recurrence was not reached, with a median follow-up of 30 months. Gleason group upgrade, no change, and downgrade was observed in 13%, 37%, and 50% of patients. Gleason grade group changes were significantly associated with enoblituzumab treatment compared to 1:1 matched historical controls (p=0.023). Tumor microenvironment profiling by NanoString GeoMx spatial proteomics and PanCancer IO 360 mRNA expression analysis revealed post-treatment upregulation of CD8+ T cells, PD-1/PD-L1 expression, and immune activation (granzyme B, IFN signaling, myeloid inflammation). There was a significant association between CD8+ T-cell increases and Gleason grade group declines. First-in-human antigen spread profiling revealed no safety concerns. TCR sequencing showed focused peripheral expansion of tumor associated T-cell clones that correlated with PSA0 at 1 year. Whole exome and RNAseq data, and clinical correlations, will be presented. Conclusions: In this neoadjuvant trial, inhibition of B7-H3 with enoblituzumab demonstrated favorable safety and encouraging activity in localized PCa patients. Data suggest robust intratumoral induction (adaptive upregulation) of immune checkpoints, T-cell activation, and myeloid inflammation. Enoblituzumab-induced peripheral expansion of tumor associated T-cell clones may be associated with tumor control. Clinical trial information: NCT02923180.
Author Correction: In vitro characterization of immune modulating drug-eluting immunobeads towards transarterial embolization in cancer (2023)

Maximum drug loading was 204.54 3.87, 65.28 3.09, 65.95 6.96, 65.97 1.54, and 148.05 2.24 mg of drug per milliliter of DC Bead LUMI for Dox, GARD, DSR 6434, IMQ, and BMS-202, respectively." now reads: "Maximum drug loading was 204.54 3.87, 65.97 1.54, 65.95 6.96, 65.28 3.09, and 148.05 2.24 mg of drug per milliliter of DC Bead LUMI for Dox, GARD, DSR 6434, IMQ, and BMS-202, respectively."The original version of this Article also contained an error in Table 2, where the "Maximum drug loaded, mg drug/ml beads" value was incorrect for "BMS-202".The incorrect and correct value appears below.
How to End Password Reuse on the Web (2019)

We present a framework by which websites can coordinate to make it difficult for users to set similar passwords at these websites, in an effort to break the culture of password reuse on the web today. Though the design of such a framework is fraught with risks to users' security and privacy, we show that these risks can be effectively mitigated through careful scoping of the goals for such a framework and through principled design. At the core of our framework is a private set-membership-test protocol that enables one website to determine, upon a user setting a password for use at it, whether that user has already set a similar password at another participating website, but with neither side disclosing to the other the password(s) it employs in the protocol. Our framework then layers over this protocol a collection of techniques to mitigate the leakage necessitated by such a test. We verify via probabilistic model checking that these techniques are effective in maintaining account security, and since these mechanisms are consistent with common user experience today, our framework should be unobtrusive to users who do not reuse similar passwords across websites (e.g., due to having adopted a password manager). Through a working implementation of our framework and optimization of its parameters based on insights of how passwords tend to be reused, we show that our design can meet the scalability challenges facing such a service.
High-Resolution Junction Photo-Voltage Mapping of Sheet Resistance and Leakage Current Variations with ms-Timescale Annealing Methods (2008)

A non-contact method for measurement of sheet resistance and leakage current (RsL) for ultra-shallow junction characterization is described where high-density (30,000 pixel) sheet resistance maps provide detailed evaluation of local and global variations of dopant activation arising from implant and anneal conditions. Various examples of RTP-spike, flash and laser anneals and new low-dose implant results are discussed.
The need 4 speed in real-time dense visual tracking (2018)

The advent of consumer depth cameras has incited the development of a new cohort of algorithms tackling challenging computer vision problems. The primary reason is that depth provides direct geometric information that is largely invariant to texture and illumination. As such, substantial progress has been made in human and object pose estimation, 3D reconstruction and simultaneous localization and mapping. Most of these algorithms naturally benefit from the ability to accurately track the pose of an object or scene of interest from one frame to the next. However, commercially available depth sensors (typically running at 30fps) can allow for large inter-frame motions to occur that make such tracking problematic. A high frame rate depth camera would thus greatly ameliorate these issues, and further increase the tractability of these computer vision problems. Nonetheless, the depth accuracy of recent systems for high-speed depth estimation [Fanello et al. 2017b] can degrade at high frame rates. This is because the active illumination employed produces a low SNR and thus a high exposure time is required to obtain a dense accurate depth image. Furthermore in the presence of rapid motion, longer exposure times produce artifacts due to motion blur, and necessitates a lower frame rate that introduces large inter-frame motion that often yield tracking failures. In contrast, this paper proposes a novel combination of hardware and software components that avoids the need to compromise between a dense accurate depth map and a high frame rate. We document the creation of a full 3D capture system for high speed and quality depth estimation, and demonstrate its advantages in a variety of tracking and reconstruction tasks. We extend the state of the art active stereo algorithm presented in Fanello et al. [2017b] by adding a space-time feature in the matching phase. We also propose a machine learning based depth refinement step that is an order of magnitude faster than traditional postprocessing methods. We quantitatively and qualitatively demonstrate the benefits of the proposed algorithms in the acquisition of geometry in motion. Our pipeline executes in 1.1ms leveraging modern GPUs and off-the-shelf cameras and illumination components. We show how the sensor can be employed in many different applications, from [non-]rigid reconstructions to hand/face tracking. Further, we show many advantages over existing state of the art depth camera technologies beyond framerate, including latency, motion artifacts, multi-path errors, and multi-sensor interference.
Highly Efficient Flexible Organic Light Emitting Diodes (2015)

The light extraction efficiency of OLEDs from the exciton radiative decay is limited to about 20-25% due to plasmonic quenching on the metallic cathode and total internal reflection in the multi-layer sandwich structure. We report the synthesis of a flexible nanocomposite electrode comprising single-walled carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, and barium strontium titanate nanoparticles. Both solution-processed polymer OLEDs and evaporated small molecule OLEDs fabricated on the nanocomposite electrodes exhibits significantly improved light extraction, with maximum efficacy in excess of 100 lm/W without the use of any additional light extraction structures. The nanocomposite electrode has also been engineered for the fabrication of polymer OLEDs that could be stretched by as much as 140% strain.
Vertical Silicon K-Band CPW Through-Wafer Interconnects (2002)

With the increase in production volume of RF devices (e.g. for automotive applications), packaging and interconnection become more and more important. Furthermore, new system concepts such as chip-on-chip or RF-MEMS demand new packaging strategies. This paper presents a vertical silicon micromachined RF CPW through-wafer feedthrough with excellent performance in the K-band. In particular, the feed through demonstrates an insertion loss of 0.16dB and a return loss of 20dB at 25GHz. Alumped element model was developed and was evaluated with measurements.
Application of stable isotope on nitrate pollution researches of surface water (2013)

地表水硝酸盐污染已成为全球面临的主要水环境问题之一,为了有效控制地表水中硝酸盐污染,确定地表水中硝酸盐的来源以及研究其在环境中的迁移转化过程就显得尤为重要.硝酸盐稳定氮(<sup>15</sup>N)、氧(<sup>18</sup>O)同位素作为一种有效的示踪技术在识别地表水中硝酸盐的来源及迁移转化过程中已得到了广泛的应用,但是硝酸盐在迁移转化过程中,<sup>15</sup>N、<sup>18</sup>O同位素会因为多种因素而发生分馏,同位素值发生变化使得这种技术的应用存在一定的局限性.本文系统总结了不同来源硝酸盐δ<sup>15</sup>N、δ<sup>18</sup>O值的组成特征及其影响因素,分析了在不同土地利用类型流域内,利用硝酸盐<sup>15</sup>N、<sup>18</sup>O同位素技术开展硝酸盐来源识别、负荷估算和反硝化作用评估的方法和研究进展.基于已有研究成果,提出在未来的研究过程中,一方面应以流域为单元,选择适当的研究方法并结合多种辅助指标研究多因素共同作用下NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>污染源的δ<sup>15</sup>N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>和δ<sup>18</sup>O-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>值的变化规律;另一方面应对比流域污染源详细的调查数据,分析现有负荷估算模型存在的不确定性,并构建合适的负荷计算模型;最后,应深入开展同位素在确定流域和河流中反硝化发生的范围、地点和程度方面的研究,特别是掌握河流系统中沉积物-水体中氮的循环过程.;Since nitrate contamination in surface water is an environmental problem in many regions of the world,methods to trace the source of nitrate and its transformation mechanisms are important for nitrate pollution control.Nowadays,stable nitrogen (<sup>15</sup>N) and oxygen (18 O) isotope data can provide meaningful insight for tracing sources of nitrate and have been frequently used to identify nitrate source and its transformation mechanisms in surface water.However,the stable isotope methods have limitations because the complex fractionations caused by multiple N-cycling processes can change the original isotopic values.This review paper systematically summarizes the isotopic composition and its influencing factors of various nitrate sources, the techniques and progresses in research on nitrate sources identification,and load estimation and assessment of denitrification in different types of land-use watersheds using nitrate stable isotope methods.Based upon the previous researches about the application of stable isotope methods, we suggest that in the future it is important to treat a catchment as a unit and to apply several assisted indexes to study the variation of δ<sup>15</sup>N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and δ<sup>18</sup>O-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> in different sources under the combined effects of multiple factors.In addition,comparative studies should be conducted to assess the uncertainty between polluting source survey data and the results of model simulation,and to build a better load computational model.Finally,further studies should be made to investigate the scale and extent of denitrification in a catchment/river using the nitrate stable isotope methods,especially in the sediment-water system.
Nuclear Receptor Regulation of Genes Involved in Bile Acid Metabolism (2002)

Over the past few decades, the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors has provided many opportunities for therapeutic intervention in a variety of pathophysiological conditions. A major question now is how many additional drug targets can be identified within this class of proteins. Advances in differential gene expression (DGE) technologies allow powerful new approaches to answer this question. Although DGE analysis is but one of several modern approaches to target identification, it is especially pertinent for nuclear receptors because many of these proteins are ligand-regulated transcription factors that directly alter gene expression. This article will focus on recent DGE experiments that have elucidated the physiological role of nuclear receptors in regulation of the bile acid biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism in the liver. Of particular relevance is the role of nuclear receptors in regulating CYP7A1 because this gene encodes the enzyme controlling the first and rate-limiting step in cholesterol degradation to bile acids. Modulation of CYP7A1 expression could provide a therapeutic benefit for multiple disease conditions. This article will focus on the relative contributions of farnesoid X-activated receptor, liver receptor homologous protein-1, small heterodimer partner, pregnane X receptor, and liver X receptor to the regulation of this specific gene, and bile acid metabolism in general. These studies highlight the dynamic interplay between nuclear receptors in the regulation of specific metabolic pathways.
Proline‐poor hydrophobic domains modulate the assembly and material properties of polymeric elastin (2015)

Elastin is a self-assembling extracellular matrix protein that provides elasticity to tissues. For entropic elastomers such as elastin, conformational disorder of the monomer building block, even in the polymeric form, is essential for elastomeric recoil. The highly hydrophobic monomer employs a range of strategies for maintaining disorder and flexibility within hydrophobic domains, particularly involving a minimum compositional threshold of proline and glycine residues. However, the native sequence of hydrophobic elastin domain 30 is uncharacteristically proline-poor and, as an isolated polypeptide, is susceptible to formation of amyloid-like structures comprised of stacked β-sheet. Here we investigated the biophysical and mechanical properties of multiple sets of elastin-like polypeptides designed with different numbers of proline-poor domain 30 from human or rat tropoelastins. We compared the contributions of these proline-poor hydrophobic sequences to self-assembly through characterization of phase separation, and to the tensile properties of cross-linked, polymeric materials. We demonstrate that length of hydrophobic domains and propensity to form β-structure, both affecting polypeptide chain flexibility and cross-link density, play key roles in modulating elastin mechanical properties. This study advances the understanding of elastin sequence-structure-function relationships, and provides new insights that will directly support rational approaches to the design of biomaterials with defined suites of mechanical properties.