gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Transition‐Metal Coordination Chemistry of Hemilabile Ligands (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spatial Control of Coherent Anti-Stokes Emission with Height-Modulated Gold Zig-Zag Nanowires (2008)

Intrinsic coherent anti-Stokes emission is observed in lithographically patterned gold nanowires. Polarization dependent measurements reveal that the nanostructure's anti-Stokes response is polarized in the direction of the transverse surface plasmon resonance of the wire. We have used specially fabricated gold nanozigzag wires that are modulated in height between 20 and 80 nm to demonstrate tuning of the plasmon polarizability through control of wire height. Stronger anti-Stokes emission is shown to correlate with structures that support higher plasmon polarizability, underlining the primary role of the transverse plasmon resonance in the generation of anti-Stokes radiation from gold nanostructures. Our results also point out that a potential surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) assay for detecting the vibrational response of surface-tethered molecules needs to include a mechanism for separating the molecular response from the strong intrinsic anti-Stokes emission of the metallic nanosubstrate.
Research design considerations for randomized controlled trials of spinal cord stimulation for pain: Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials/Institute of Neuromodulation/International Neuromodulation Society recommendations (2021)

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an interventional nonpharmacologic treatment used for chronic pain and other indications. Methods for evaluating the safety and efficacy of SCS have evolved from uncontrolled and retrospective studies to prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Although randomization overcomes certain types of bias, additional challenges to the validity of RCTs of SCS include blinding, choice of control groups, nonspecific effects of treatment variables (eg, paresthesia, device programming and recharging, psychological support, and rehabilitative techniques), and safety considerations. To address these challenges, 3 professional societies (Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials, Institute of Neuromodulation, and International Neuromodulation Society) convened a meeting to develop consensus recommendations on the design, conduct, analysis, and interpretation of RCTs of SCS for chronic pain. This article summarizes the results of this meeting. Highlights of our recommendations include disclosing all funding source and potential conflicts; incorporating mechanistic objectives when possible; avoiding noninferiority designs without internal demonstration of assay sensitivity; achieving and documenting double-blinding whenever possible; documenting investigator and site experience; keeping all information provided to patients balanced with respect to expectation of benefit; disclosing all information provided to patients, including verbal scripts; using placebo/sham controls when possible; capturing a complete set of outcome assessments; accounting for ancillary pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments in a clear manner; providing a complete description of intended and actual programming interactions; making a prospective ascertainment of SCS-specific safety outcomes; training patients and researchers on appropriate expectations, outcome assessments, and other key aspects of study performance; and providing transparent and complete reporting of results according to applicable reporting guidelines.
Frequent BRG1/SMARCA4-inactivating mutations in human lung cancer cell lines (2008)

Components of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, such as INI1, are inactivated in human cancer and, thus, act as tumor suppressors. Here we screened for mutations the entire coding sequence of BRG1 (SMARCA4), which encodes the ATPase of the complex, in 59 lung cancer cell lines of the most common histopathological types. Mutations were detected in 24% of the cancer cell lines, many of them in cells commonly used for lung cancer research. All mutations were homozygous and most predicted truncated proteins. The alterations were significantly more frequent in the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) type (13/37, 35%) as compared to the small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) type (1/19, 5%) (P<0.05; Fisher's Exact test) and BRG1 was the fourth most frequently altered gene in NSCLC cell lines. BRG1 mutations coexisted with mutations/deletions at KRAS, LKB1, NRAS, P16, and P53. However, alterations at BRG1 always occurred in the absence of MYC amplification, suggesting a common role in lung cancer development. In conclusion, our data strongly support that BRG1 is a bona fide tumor suppressor and a major factor in lung tumorigenesis.
Synergistic decrease of clonal proliferation, induction of differentiation, and apoptosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells after combined treatment with novel 20-epi vitamin D3 analogs and 9-cis retinoic acid. (1997)

Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) usually relapse after all-trans retinoic acid (RA) treatment because this therapy fails to eradicate the malignant clone. Our data showed that KH 1060 and other 20-epi vitamin D3 analogs alone were potent inhibitors of clonal growth of NB4 cells, an APL cell line (ED50, approximately 5 x 10(-11) M). The combination of KH 1060 and 9-cis-RA synergistically and irreversibly enhanced this effect. Neither KH 1060 nor 9-cis-RA (10(-6) M, 3 d) were strong inducers of differentiation of NB4 cells. However, 98% of the cells underwent differentiation to a mature phenotype with features of both granulocytes and monocytes after exposure to a combination of both compounds. Apoptosis only increased after incubation of NB4 cells with 9-cis-RA alone (28%) or with a combination of 9-cis-RA plus KH1060 (32%). Immunohistochemistry showed that the bcl-2 protein decreased from nearly 100% of the wild-type NB4 cells to 2% after incubation with a combination of KH 1060 and 9-cis-RA, and the bax protein increased from 50% of wild-type NB4 cells to 92% after culture with both analogs (5 x 10(-7) M, 3 d). Western blot analysis paralleled these results. Studies of APL cells from one untreated individual paralleled our results with NB4 cells. Taken together, the data demonstrated that nearly all of the NB4 cells can be irreversibly induced to differentiate terminally when exposed to the combination of KH 1060 and 9-cis-RA.
The Triumph of Improvisation (2014)

In The Triumph of Improvisation, James Graham Wilson takes a long view of the end of the Cold War, from the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 to Operation Desert Storm in January 1991. Drawing on deep archival research and recently declassified papers, Wilson argues that adaptation, improvisation, and engagement by individuals in positions of power ended the specter of a nuclear holocaust. Amid ambivalence and uncertainty, Mikhail Gorbachev, Ronald Reagan, George Shultz, George H. W. Bush, and a host of other actors engaged with adversaries and adapted to a rapidly changing international environment and information age in which global capitalism recovered as command economies failed.Eschewing the notion of a coherent grand strategy to end the Cold War, Wilson paints a vivid portrait of how leaders made choices; some made poor choices while others reacted prudently, imaginatively, and courageously to events they did not foresee. A book about the burdens of responsibility, the obstacles of domestic politics, and the human qualities of leadership, The Triumph of Improvisation concludes with a chapter describing how George H. W. Bush oversaw the construction of a new configuration of power after the fall of the Berlin Wall, one that resolved the fundamental components of the Cold War on Washington's terms
Totally, Tenderly, Tragically: BS and BB (2017)

Bernard Stiegler's account of aesthetics is rooted in André Leroi-Gourhan's concept of exteriorization, Gilbert Simondon's concept of individuation, and Edmund Husserl's concepts of retention and protention. Cinema takes up a singular place in this account, both in terms of its resemblance to the structure of consciousness itself, and in terms of its location at the intersection of the technical and the oneiric. Jean-Luc Godard's Contempt is a film through which it is possible to understand not just that cinema functions as an element in an ideological and consumerist system, as Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer already argued, but pharmacologically (in Plato's sense). The pharmacological character of Contempt can be demonstrated through its manifold recapitulations of cinematic and literary history, including Alberto Moravia's novel, Homer's Odyssey, and quotations from Friedrich Hölderlin, Bertolt Brecht, Hanns Johst, and Dante, among others. If such an analysis shows that our problem today is less the technicization of the image than its industrialization, then the present and future of this problem lies between the conjoined threats of the televisual and the pornographic.
Solid-state formation of centrosymmetric cage dimeric 4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridines via non-symmetricsyn-dimers studied by13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy (1999)

The solid-state formation of a centrosymmetric cage dimeric 4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridine was monitored by 13C cross polarization magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy. The spectra of the photodimerizing derivatives document the changes in symmetry during the reaction and the reaction progress. Furthermore, they clearly reflect characterizing conformational properties of the molecules. Starting from centrosymmetric pairs of monomeric molecules, dimerization proceeds to non-symmetrical syn-dimers, that subsequently cyclize to centrosymmetric cage dimers. Thus the application of 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy proves an unusual symmetry breaking in solid-state photodimerization. Copyright © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Satellite Multiangle Spectropolarimetric Imaging of Aerosols (2006)

A proposed remote-sensing instrument, to be carried aboard a spacecraft in orbit around the Earth, would gather data on the spatial distribution and radiative characteristics of tropospheric aerosols. These data are needed for better understanding of the natural and anthropogenic origins of aerosols, and of the effects of aerosols on climate and atmospheric chemistry.
Theoretical Unraveling of Selective 1-Butene Oligomerization Catalyzed by Iron−Bis(arylimino)pyridine (2009)

We report a theoretical study, based on density functional theory, devoted to the comprehension of the oligomerization reaction of 1-butene catalyzed by the Fe(II) bis(arylimino)pyridine complex ({2,6-(2-(CH3)C6H4N═C(CH3))2-C5H3N}Fe(II)Cl2). Starting from the activated species ([{2,6-(2-(CH3)C6H4N═C(CH3))2-C5H3N}Fe(III)H]2+), the obtained results are compared with available experimental data in order to determine the reaction mechanisms and to explain the unexpected predominant formation of linear octenes. All reaction steps (insertions, terminations) take place on the quartet potential energy surface, which appears to be the most stable all along the reaction path. The unique reaction path toward linear octenes (i.e., (1,2) and (2,1) successive insertions of 1-butene) is found as the most kinetically favorable to the detriment of all other possible paths. The first insertion into the Fe-hydride catalyst is found to be strongly exergonic and thermodynamically directed. Dimers can be formed by either β-hydrogen-elimination termination or β-hydrogen-transfer termination. However, termination reactions become competitive and favorable only for the third monomer insertion reactions, which is consistent with experimental data. The β-hydrogen-transfer termination reactions are largely dominant with respect to terminations by β-hydrogen elimination. A kinetic model is proposed to compare quantitatively the ratios of different generated species, and the obtained results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Concise, Stereoselective Approach to the Spirooxindole Ring System of Citrinadin A (2007)

The spirooxindole ring system of citrinadin A has been synthesized with excellent control over the absolute stereochemistry at the spirocenter. The key step involves a novel diastereoselective DMDO-mediated oxidative rearrangement employing an 8-phenylmenthol chiral auxiliary on the indole nitrogen.
Cell‐free DNA sequencing allows the identification of the mutational profile of TFH lymphomas and has a predictive value: a LYSA study (2023)

Introduction: TFH lymphomas (TFHL) commonly harbor mutations in TET2, RHOA, DNMT3A and IDH2. While RHOA and IDH2 appear restricted to the neoplastic cells, TET2 and DNMT3A mutations occur in a significant proportion of cases in a hematopoietic progenitor cell and can also be detected in B or myeloid cells. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing allows the detection of circulating tumor DNA in solid cancers or B-cell lymphomas, with predictive value, but few data exist on cfDNA sequencing in TFHL. Methods: In the frame of the ORACLE study, a phase 3 trial comparing oral azacitidine to investigator choice treatment in relapsed or refractory TFHL patients, we collected tumor biopsies and plasma in streck tube at inclusion, after 3 cycles, and at progression. Tumour and cfDNA were sequenced by NGS using 9 genes, amplicon-based libraries. Median sequencing depth was 2386X in tumor and 3519X in cfDNA. Results: Among patients with confirmed TFHL treated in LYSA centers, we collected 45 samples at inclusion, 16 after cycle 3, and 14 at progression. The median cfDNA concentration at each time point was respectively 7507 (IQR 3418–19414), 5182 (3438–12429), and 15750 (7316–26953) hEG/mL. Results of cfDNA at inclusion and tumor sequencing were compared in 43 patients. Common TET2 mutations were detected in the tumor of 36/43 (84%) and in cfDNA of 33/43 (77%) patients, with a median variant allele frequency (VAF) of 17.75% vs. 9.8% respectively. RHOAG17V was detected in 29/43 (67%, VAF 10%) and in 24/43 (59%, VAF 4.4%), DNMT3A in 13/43 (30%, VAF 17.9%) and 15/73 (35%, VAF 17.9%), and IDH2 in 12/43 (28%, VAF 5.9%) and 8/43 (19%, VAF 5.4%) of tumor biopsies and cfDNA samples respectively. Only one patient had detectable TET2, DNMT3A, IDH2, and RHOA mutations in the cfDNA and not in the tumor biopsy, corresponding to a tumor with low neoplastic cell content. By contrast, 3 patients had DNMT3A mutations, not affecting the R882 residue, detected in the cfDNA but not in the tumor likely corresponding to clonal hematopoiesis not related to the TFHL. We also compared 25 paired cfDNA samples collected at inclusion and after cycle 3 (including progression sample if occurring at cycle 3 or before). In all but one patient, we observed the persistence of TET2 and DNMT3A mutations, even in responding patients, confirming that these mutations are not restricted to neoplastic cells, and suggesting that treatment, especially with 5-azacitidine, does not affect the clonal hematopoiesis. By contrast, among the 14/25 patients with a detectable RHOA mutation in cfDNA at inclusion, progression-free survival was longer in the 4 patients with the disappearance of the RHOA mutations in cfDNA at cycle 3 than in the 10 others (median 29 vs. 3 months, p = 0.01). The research was funded by: BMS Force Hémato Keywords: Aggressive T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Liquid biopsy, Minimal residual disease No conflicts of interests pertinent to the abstract.
Ultrahigh Green and Red Optical Gain Cross Sections from Solutions of Colloidal Quantum Well Heterostructures (2021)

We demonstrate amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in solution with ultralow thresholds of 30 μJ/cm<sup>2</sup> in red and of 44 μJ/cm<sup>2</sup> in green from engineered colloidal quantum well (CQW) heterostructures. For this purpose, CdSe/CdS core/crown CQWs, designed to hit the green region, and CdSe/CdS@Cd<sub><i>x</i></sub>Zn<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>S core/crown@gradient-alloyed shell CQWs, further tuned to reach the red region by shell alloying, were employed to achieve high-performance ASE in the visible range. The net modal gain of these CQWs reaches 530 cm<sup>-1</sup> for the green and 201 cm<sup>-1</sup> for the red, 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than those of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) in solution. To explain the root cause for ultrahigh gain coefficient in solution, we show for the first time that the gain cross sections of these CQWs is ≥3.3 × 10<sup>-14</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> in the green and ≥1.3 × 10<sup>-14</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> in the red, which are two orders of magnitude larger compared to those of CQDs.
Generation of Infectious Molecular Clones of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus from Fecal Consensus Sequences of Wild Chimpanzees (2007)

Studies of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) in their endangered primate hosts are of obvious medical and public health importance, but technically challenging. Although SIV-specific antibodies and nucleic acids have been detected in primate fecal samples, recovery of replication-competent virus from such samples has not been achieved. Here, we report the construction of infectious molecular clones of SIVcpz from fecal viral consensus sequences. Subgenomic fragments comprising a complete provirus were amplified from fecal RNA of three wild-living chimpanzees and sequenced directly. One set of amplicons was concatenated using overlap extension PCR. The resulting clone (TAN1.24) contained intact genes and regulatory regions but was replication defective. It also differed from the fecal consensus sequence by 76 nucleotides. Stepwise elimination of all missense mutations generated several constructs with restored replication potential. The clone that yielded the most infectious virus (TAN1.910) was identical to the consensus sequence in both protein and long terminal repeat sequences. Two additional SIVcpz clones were constructed by direct synthesis of fecal consensus sequences. One of these (TAN3.1) yielded fully infectious virus, while the second one (TAN2.69) required modification at one ambiguous site in the viral pol gene for biological activity. All three reconstructed proviruses produced infectious virions that replicated in human and chimpanzee CD4(+) T cells, were CCR5 tropic, and resembled primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates in their neutralization phenotype. These results provide the first direct evidence that naturally occurring SIVcpz strains already have many of the biological properties required for persistent infection of humans, including CD4 and CCR5 dependence and neutralization resistance. Moreover, they outline a new strategy for obtaining medically important "SIV isolates" that have thus far eluded investigation. Such isolates are needed to identify viral determinants that contribute to cross-species transmission and host adaptation.
Chamber Core Structures for Fairing Acoustic Mitigation (2007)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Long-term eradication of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived Epstein-Barr virus-specific rejuvenated T cells in vivo (2019)

Functionally rejuvenated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are expected to be a potent immunotherapy for tumors. When L-asparaginase-containing standard chemotherapy fails in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL), no effective salvage therapy exists. The clinical course then is miserable. We demonstrate prolonged and robust eradication of ENKL <i>in vivo</i> by Epstein-Barr virus-specific iPSC-derived antigen-specific CTL, with iPSC-derived antigen-specific CTL persisting as central memory T cells in the mouse spleen for at least six months. The anti-tumor response is so strong that any concomitant effect of the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade is unclear. These results suggest that long-term persistent Epstein-Barr virus-specific iPSC-derived antigen-specific CTL contribute to a continuous anti-tumor effect and offer an effective salvage therapy for relapsed and refractory ENKL.
Factors Associated With Treatment Failure in Moderately Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia (2021)

In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, among patients with CAP who reached clinical stability after 3 days of antibiotic treatment, only male sex and age were associated with higher risk of failure, independent of antibiotic treatment duration and biomarker levels. Another randomized clinical trial is needed to evaluate the impact of treatment duration in populations at higher risk for treatment failure.
Two‐Dimensional Nb‐Based M 4 C 3 Solid Solutions (MXenes) (2015)

Herein, two new two‐dimensional Nb 4 C 3 ‐based solid solutions (MXenes), (Nb 0.8 ,Ti 0.2 ) 4 C 3 T x and (Nb 0.8 ,Zr 0.2 ) 4 C 3 T x (where T is a surface termination) were synthesized—as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction—from their corresponding MAX phase precursors (Nb 0.8 ,Ti 0.2 ) 4 AlC 3 and (Nb 0.8 ,Zr 0.2 ) 4 AlC 3 . This is the first report on a Zr‐containing MXene. Intercalation of Li ions into these two compositions, and Nb 4 C 3 T x was studied to determine the potential of those materials for energy storage applications. Lithiation and delithiation peaks at 2.26 and 2.35 V, respectively, appeared in the case of Nb 4 C 3 T x , but were not present in Nb 2 CT x . After 20 cycles at a rate of C/4, the specific capacities of (Nb 0.8 ,Ti 0.2 ) 4 C 3 T x and (Nb 0.8 ,Zr 0.2 ) 4 C 3 T x were 158 and 132 mAh/g, respectively, both slightly lower than the capacity of Nb 4 C 3 T x .
Low‐velocity impact of nanocomposite and polymer plates (2005)

Abstract Nanocomposites are more widely studied today because of higher stiffness, decreased permeability, thermal stability, and many other properties superior to those of regular polymers. However, manufacturers are concerned about implementing nanocomposites because of their lower impact properties with respect to the base polymer. This study focused on low‐velocity impact tests of a thermoplastic olefin by itself and with 5 wt % nanoclay. The impact tests were conducted at −40, 23.9, and 65.6°C until the polymer and nanocomposite plates experienced complete striker penetration. The force–time and force–deflection responses obtained from the impact testing provided a means of comparing the impact performances of the two materials. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 2309–2315, 2005