gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Terahertz Imaging: A New Technique for Inspection of Dielectric Materials (1999)

Abstract Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a promising new technology which provides a relatively simple means of generating and detecting single-cycle pulses of far-infrared (or terahertz) radiation. One of the most interesting aspects of this system is its insensitivity to the thermal background. This obviates the need for cryogenic apparatus; as a result, this may be the first portable far-infrared spectrometer. Recent work has demonstrated the possibility of tomographic imaging using THz-TDS. In this imaging mode, a reflected pulse train is used to construct a three-dimensional representation of a composite material, using the timing between reflected pulses to determine the spacing between adjacent dielectric interfaces. Here, the transverse resolution is determined by the diffraction-limited focus of the THz beam, and is typically ~300 microns. The longitudinal (depth) resolution of ~100 microns is determined by the coherence length of the radiation, although the location of isolated surfaces can be determined with far higher precision. Since many common packaging materials have high transparency in the THz range, this suggests the possibility of exploiting this new imaging system for non-invasive testing and on-line monitoring. The operation of the THz “T-ray” imaging system will be described, and several examples will be provided which illustrate its capabilities and limitations.
Product compositions and kinetics for rapid pyrolysis of cellulose (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProduct compositions and kinetics for rapid pyrolysis of celluloseMohammed R. Hajaligol, Jack B. Howard, John P. Longwell, and William A. PetersCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1982, 21, 3, 457–465Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200018a019https://doi.org/10.1021/i200018a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1125Altmetric-Citations170LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Purification and Characterization of Maleate Hydratase from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes (1993)

Maleate hydratase (malease) from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes has been purified. The purified enzyme (98% pure) catalyzes the stereospecific addition of water to maleate and citraconate (2-methylmaleate), forming d-(+)-malate and d-(+)-citramalate, respectively. 2,3-Dimethylmaleate was also a substrate for malease. The stability of the enzyme was dependent on the protein concentration and the addition of dicarboxylic acids. The purified enzyme (89 kDa) consisted of two subunits (57 and 24 kDa). No cofactor was required for full activity of this colorless enzyme. Maximum enzyme activity was measured at pH 8 and 45 degrees C. The K(m) for maleate was 0.35 mM, and that for citraconate was 0.20 mM. Thiol reagents, such as p-chloromercuribenzoate and iodoacetamide, and sodium dodecyl sulfate completely inhibited malease activity. Malease activity was competitively inhibited by d-malate (K(i) = 0.63 mM) and d-citramalate (K(i) = 0.083 mM) and by the substrate analog 2,2-dimethylsuccinate (K(i) = 0.025 mM). The apparent equilibrium constants for the maleate, citraconate, and 2,3-dimethylmaleate hydration reactions were 2,050, 104, and 11.2, respectively.
Vitamins, 10. VitaminB6 (2020)

The article contains sections titled: 1 Introduction 2 Syntheses of Vitamin B6 Compounds 2.1. Pyridoxine (2) 2.1.1. Diels–Alder Syntheses with Oxazoles 2.1.2 Cobalt-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2]-Cyclo addition Reactions of Acetylenes and Acetonitrile 2.2 Pyridoxine 5′-Phosphate 2.3. Pyridoxal 2.4 Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate 2.5. Pyridoxamine 2.6 Pyridoxamine 5′-Phosphate 3 Metabolism and Importance for the Organism 4 Deficiency Symptoms and Applications 5 Analysis 6 Economic Aspects 7 Requirements and Tolerance References
Optical Amplifier With Rotationally Symmetrical Pump Modes for Enhanced Mode Multiplexing (2012)

Multimode erbium-doped fiber amplifiers are promising candidates for the realization of cost- and energy-efficient long-haul transmission for mode-division multiplexing. Mode-dependent gain in such amplifiers is a potential source of signal quality degradation and should be avoided. We show by numerical simulations that gain values and noise figures for the signal modes exhibit an angular dependence if the amplifier is pumped with the LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> mode. In order to avoid this angular dependence, we propose to use pump modes with a rotationally symmetric intensity distribution, such as the TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> mode. Our simulation results show that pumping with this mode completely removes the angular dependence and optimizes gain and noise figure values for the signal modes.
A Genotypic Test for HIV-1 Tropism Combining Sanger Sequencing with Ultradeep Sequencing Predicts Virologic Response in Treatment-Experienced Patients (2012)

A tropism test is required prior to initiation of CCR5 antagonist therapy in HIV-1 infected individuals, as these agents are not effective in patients harboring CXCR4 (X4) coreceptor-using viral variants. We developed a clinical laboratory-based genotypic tropism test for detection of CCR5-using (R5) or X4 variants that utilizes triplicate population sequencing (TPS) followed by ultradeep sequencing (UDS) for samples classified as R5. Tropism was inferred using the bioinformatic algorithms geno2pheno([coreceptor]) and PSSM(x4r5). Virologic response as a function of tropism readout was retrospectively assessed using blinded samples from treatment-experienced subjects who received maraviroc (N = 327) in the MOTIVATE and A4001029 clinical trials. MOTIVATE patients were classified as R5 and A4001029 patients were classified as non-R5 by the original Trofile test. Virologic response was compared between the R5 and non-R5 groups determined by TPS, UDS alone, the reflex strategy and the Trofile Enhanced Sensitivity (TF-ES) test. UDS had greater sensitivity than TPS to detect minority non-R5 variants. The median log(10) viral load change at week 8 was -2.4 for R5 subjects, regardless of the method used for classification; for subjects with non-R5 virus, median changes were -1.2 for TF-ES or the Reflex Test and -1.0 for UDS. The differences between R5 and non-R5 groups were highly significant in all 3 cases (p<0.0001). At week 8, the positive predictive value was 66% for TF-ES and 65% for both the Reflex test and UDS. Negative predictive values were 59% for TF-ES, 58% for the Reflex Test and 61% for UDS. In conclusion, genotypic tropism testing using UDS alone or a reflex strategy separated maraviroc responders and non-responders as well as a sensitive phenotypic test, and both assays showed improved performance compared to TPS alone. Genotypic tropism tests may provide an alternative to phenotypic testing with similar discriminating ability.
In vitro Effects of the Specific Mitochondrial TSPO Ligand Ro5 4864 in Cultured Human Osteoblasts (2017)

The 18 kDa mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) ligands (10 µM), e. g., protoporphyrin IX, PK 11195 and FGIN-1-27, have different effects on metabolism and protein expression in human osteoblasts. In this study, we investigated the archetypical TSPO specific ligand Ro5-4864 (10 µM) effect in primary osteoblasts in culture aiming to further understand the TSPO role in these mature metabolically active cells.We found that following exposure to Ro5-4864, cellular [<sup>18</sup>F]-FDG incorporation and ATP content were reduced by 48% (p<0.001) and 44% (p<0.001), respectively. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) increased by 50% (p<0.01), mRNA synthesis of TSPO and voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC1) decreased both by 70%, the TSPO and VDAC1 protein expression decreased by 80% and 68%, respectively (p<0.001). Ro5 4864 caused a decrease in the proportion of cells in the G1 phase (by 20%, p<0.05), shifting the cell cycle to the S and G2/M phases. Furthermore, 63% decrease in hexokinase 2 protein expression (p<0.001) was found. However, we found no significant effects on hexokinase 2 mRNA expression (by RT-PCR). We also did not see significant changes in mitochondrial mass (MitoTracker Green assay), apoptosis rate (TUNEL assay), overall cell death (LDH assay), cellular proliferation (BrdU assay), cell maturation (cellular alkaline phosphatase assay), and the number of cells in the culture.Therefore, an overall effect of Ro5-4864 exhorts is via pathways related to the mitochondrial activity, which is only partly like PK 11195, but not to the other TSPO ligands.
Spin counting experiments in the dipolar-ordered state (2003)

The dipolar-ordered state (ρ∝Hd) can be prepared from a state of Zeeman equilibrium at high field by adiabatically removing the Zeeman field. It is also possible to produce dipolar-ordered states in the rotating frame using two well-known methods—adiabatic demagnetization in the rotating frame and the Jeener–Broekaert (JB) pulse pair. Using multiple quantum nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, we illustrate the transient dynamics of the spin system following the JB pulse pair and its evolution to a dipolar-ordered state over a period of approximately 60 μs in a single crystal of CaF2 oriented along the [100] direction, and approximately 100 μs when the crystal is oriented along the [110] direction. By encoding the coherence numbers in an orthogonal basis (the x basis) to the Zeeman basis, we show that the dipolar-ordered state is a two spin correlated state. The observed ratio between double quantum and zero quantum coherences in the x basis confirms the presence of the Ii+Ij−+Ii−Ij+ (flip–flop) terms in the experimentally prepared dipolar-ordered state.
Activities of thyroid hormones and related compounds in an in vitro thymocyte assay. (1976)

Prior studies have demonstrated that the thyroid hormones L-triiodothyronine and L-thyroxine stimulate the rapid uptake of 1-amino-cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid into isolated rat thymocytes. In the present study the effects of several groups of thyroid hormones and structurally related compounds were investigated to determine the structure-function relations required for stimulation of this membrane process. Particular attention was given to (a) analogues with modifications at the oxygen bridge, the phenolic hydroxyl group, and the group at the 3' position of the outer ring, and (b) the steric orientation of the thyroid hormones. The following were found to be important for maximal activity: (a) the L-isomer configuration, (b) the presence of a 4'-hydroxyl group, (c) the presence of one substituent in both the inner and outer rings (3 and 3' positions), (d) the distal orientation of the 3' substituent in the outer ring of L-triiodothyronine, and (e) the lipophilic character of the 3' substituent. Of lesser importance was the presence of halogen atoms, or an oxygen atom in the ether position. Since these structure-function relations seen in thymocytes parallel in many respects those relations seen in whole-animal studies, it is believed that thymocytes will be a useful tool for further studies of thyroid hormones and their analogues.
Identification and characterization of a mutation in the dihydrofolate reductase gene from the methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell line Pro-3 MtxRIII. (1990)

A methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell line (Pro-3 MtxRIII), resistant due to a low-level amplified, altered target enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), has been characterized on the molecular level. The cDNA and coding regions of all six DHFR exons were amplified in vitro using Taq polymerase and directly sequenced. Analysis of the Pro-3 MtxRIII DHFR cDNA demonstrated a C----T base transition at nucleotide 67 that results in the substitution of phenylalanine for leucine at residue 22 and the loss of a BsaI site in the Pro-3 MtxRIII cDNA. This mutation results in a decreased binding of methotrexate to the altered enzyme. Molecular modeling of Leu22----Phe supports the concept of the importance of Leu22 in the active site of the enzyme and indicates that replacement with phenylalanine will decrease the binding of methotrexate.
Nonlinear Optics at the Timescale of the Electron – Bright Coherent Attosecond-to-Zeptosecond KeV X-Rays (2011)

We demonstrate bright coherent X-ray supercontinua at photon energies &gt;1.6keV (&lt;7.8Å) on a tabletop. Full phase matching of high harmonic generation up to the 5031st order is possible using mid-IR driving lasers, supporting attosecond-to-zeptosecond pulses.
Perioperative Platelet Reactivity and the Effects of Clonidine (1993)

These data indicate that major abdominal surgery causes increased platelet reactivity postoperatively but does not effect maximal degranulation. This increased platelet reactivity occurs within 48 h of surgery, coinciding with the peak incidence of postoperative arterial thrombotic complications. Clonidine administration has no effect on surgically induced changes in platelet reactivity. In this surgical patient population, the use of clonidine should not increase the risk of platelet-induced perioperative arterial thrombosis.
Computation and visualization of cell–cell signaling topologies in single-cell systems data using Connectome (2022)

Single-cell RNA-sequencing data has revolutionized our ability to understand of the patterns of cell-cell and ligand-receptor connectivity that influence the function of tissues and organs. However, the quantification and visualization of these patterns in a way that informs tissue biology are major computational and epistemological challenges. Here, we present Connectome, a software package for R which facilitates rapid calculation and interactive exploration of cell-cell signaling network topologies contained in single-cell RNA-sequencing data. Connectome can be used with any reference set of known ligand-receptor mechanisms. It has built-in functionality to facilitate differential and comparative connectomics, in which signaling networks are compared between tissue systems. Connectome focuses on computational and graphical tools designed to analyze and explore cell-cell connectivity patterns across disparate single-cell datasets and reveal biologic insight. We present approaches to quantify focused network topologies and discuss some of the biologic theory leading to their design.
A New Semiempirical Mathematical Model for Prediction of Internal Filtration in Hollow Fiber Hemodialyzers (2006)

The potential of convective solute transport for blood purification has been widely explored. New techniques (such as hemodiafiltration), based on a combination of diffusion and convection techniques, have been developed. Owing to the internal filtration/backfiltration (IF/BF) phenomenon, high-flux dialysis also relies on a convective component, which, however, is hard to quantify and thus optimize. In this work, we developed a mathematical model designed to supply the clinician with a quantification of the IF/BF fluxes taking place during high-flux dialysis. IF fluxes are predicted based on the machine settings and blood hematocrit/protein concentration. The hydraulic characteristics of commercial dialyzers were derived from bloodless bench tests. Moreover, an in vitro blood test was conducted on a 1.8 m(2) polysulfone dialyzer using an established scintigraphic analysis, for verification of model prediction accuracy. Results of simulations show that the IF/BF rate is sensitive to the blood flow rate and (to a lesser extent) to the dialysate flow rate. Increasing net ultrafiltration rates resulted in parallel increases of direct filtration and simultaneous decreases of BF. IF/BF is rather influenced by blood composition, due to the complex dependence of oncotic pressure and blood viscosity upon hematocrit and plasma protein concentration. Simulation results showed an excellent agreement with the experimental results obtained with scintigraphy, with only a 3% prediction error. With respect to some previous works, this model is simpler in its theoretical approach. It allows implementation into a user-friendly software tool and might be used to predict the convective component in high-flux dialysis and possibly to optimize it.
Enantiomeric resolution by HPLC of axial chiral amides using amylose tris[(S)-1-phenylethylcarbamate] (1997)

The enantiomeric resolution of a series of N-arylamides was examined on amylose tris[(S)-1-phenylethylcarbamate] coated onto aminopropylated 7 microns silica with 500 A diameter pores and on naked silica 5 microns particle size with 500 A diameter pores. The enantiomeric resolution obtained for this series was excellent on both columns. The enantioselectivity of cellulose and amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) coated onto APS-Hypersil (120 A pore size, 5 microns particle size) was also investigated for this series of compounds.
[A case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the bladder: immunohistochemical study on histogenesis of sarcomatoid elements]. (1997)

An 82-year-old man with microhematuria and class V cells in his urinary cytologic specimen was referred to our clinic. Cystoscopy revealed a solid, broad-based tumor of 1 cm in diameter in the bladder diverticulum. A partial cystectomy was performed. The tumor was composed of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), sarcomatous spindle cells and the area of transition between TCC and spindle cells. The histopathological diagnosis was sarcomatoid carcinoma. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the spindle cells and the area of transition were positive for keratin, cytokeratin, vimentin and muscle actin. The histopathological and immunohistochemical transitions between the TCC and the spindle cells suggested that the sarcomatous elements originated from the TCC during tumor progression.
Rule-base guided adaptation for mode detection in process control (2002)

The paper deals with the problem of control of systems with multiple operating modes. We expand the concept of rule-based guided adaptation to the case of dynamic systems. An algorithm that dynamically summarizes the models, which successfully approximate plant dynamics, is developed. A dynamic model bank that is used to guide and re-initialize the adaptive control is proposed.
Field technology evaluations in EPA`s Environmental Technology Verification (ETC) Program (1998)

The performance evaluation of innovative environmental technologies is an integral part of the US Environmental Protection Agency`s (EPA) mission. The Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program was created by the Agency to facilitate the deployment of innovative technologies through performance verification and information dissemination. The goal of the ETV Program is to further environmental protection by substantially accelerating the acceptance and use of improved and cost-effective technologies by providing independent and credible assessments of environmental technologies. This report will overview ORNL`s verification activities, including evaluation of polychlorinated biphenyl field analytical techniques, decision support software, and field extraction technologies.
Are sparse representations really relevant for image classification? (2011)

Recent years have seen an increasing interest in sparse representations for image classification and object recognition, probably motivated by evidence from the analysis of the primate visual cortex. It is still unclear, however, whether or not sparsity helps classification. In this paper we evaluate its impact on the recognition rate using a shallow modular architecture, adopting both standard filter banks and filter banks learned in an unsupervised way. In our experiments on the CIFAR-10 and on the Caltech-101 datasets, enforcing sparsity constraints actually does not improve recognition performance. This has an important practical impact in image descriptor design, as enforcing these constraints can have a heavy computational cost.
A Clinical, Histopathologic, and Immunohistochemical Report (1989)

A 52-year-old male developed bilateral subepithelial amorphous corneal deposits as well as diffuse noniridescent anterior stromal haze of unknown etiology. The deposits increased in density and a penetrating keratoplasty was performed in one eye when vision became sufficiently compromised. Pathological evaluation of the tissue included light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemical studies. The deposits were identified as monoclonal IgG kappa immunoglobulins and a systemic workup confirmed the diagnosis of a previously unsuspected multiple myeloma. The clinical course was characterized by the noncrystalline nature of the deposits, recurrence of the myeloma protein within the graft, and the poor response of the cornea to systemic therapy. In addition, profound ocular morbidity occurred, with a final visual acuity of 20/200 OD and 20/400 OS.
Novel secret key generation techniques using memristor devices (2016)

This paper proposes novel secret key generation techniques using memristor devices. The approach depends on using the initial profile of a memristor as a master key. In addition, session keys are generated using the master key and other specified parameters. In contrast to existing memristor-based security approaches, the proposed development is cost effective and power efficient since the operation can be achieved with a single device rather than a crossbar structure. An algorithm is suggested and demonstrated using physics based Matlab model. It is shown that the generated keys can have dynamic size which provides perfect security. Moreover, the proposed encryption and decryption technique using the memristor based generated keys outperforms Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in terms of processing time. This paper is enriched by providing characterization results of a fabricated microscale Al/TiO2/Al memristor prototype in order to prove the concept of the proposed approach and study the impacts of process variations. The work proposed in this paper is a milestone towards System On Chip (SOC) memristor based security.
Diagnosis and treatment of acquired coronary artery disease in adults (2009)

Coronary artery disease evolves, often unnoticed, over decades, often culminating in myocardial infarction. Metabolic and behavioural risk factors affect the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. The diagnosis may be arrived at clinically but typically involves confirmatory and prognostic laboratory tests and imaging studies. Treatment measures are aimed at controlling symptoms and preventing disease progression. In patients with clinically stable disease, treatment centres upon preventing disease progression using lifestyle modification, medical therapy and revascularisation for patients in whom medical treatment failure may be imminently fatal. In patients with acute coronary syndrome, urgent treatment is required in order to arrest lesion progression.