gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B–Specific Monoclonal Antibody 20B1 Successfully Treats Diverse Staphylococcus aureus Infections (2013)

mAb 20B1, an SEB-neutralizing mAb, is effective against MRSA infection. mAb 20B1 protects against lethal sepsis and reduces skin tissue invasion and deep-abscess formation. The mAb penetrates well into the abscess and binds to SEB. It affects the outcome of S. aureus infection by modulating the host's proinflammatory immune response.
Comparison between grid side and inverter side current control for parallel interleaved grid connected converters (2015)

To meet the ever stringent grid codes, the high power converter systems have multiple converters connected in parallel and require high order filters due to their limited switching capability. Controlling the grid current and, at the same time, ensuring equal current sharing is a challenge that these converters have to face. There are two main methods on how to control the output current of the converter system: either by directly controlling the total grid current and applying the same gate signals for all parallel converters, or by controlling the individual converters' currents. Using simulation and experimental results, this paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of both control methods when applied on a converter system consisting of two parallel interleaved converters connected to the electricity grid through a high order filter. For a better comparison, a controller design for both methods is also included.
Liquid-assisted vortex grinding supports the single-step solid-state construction of a [2.2]paracyclophane (2014)

We employ vortex grinding to generate a [2.2]paracyclophane in the organic solid state. The vortex grinding is aided with the addition of a small amount of liquid phase to facilitate topochemical [2 + 2] photodimerizations that generate the cyclophane stereoselectively and in up to quantitative yield. The use of the liquid phase increases the scope of the vortex method.
Gaucher disease: A tale of two species (1995)

Abstract Gaucher disease, the result of inherited deficiency of glucocerebrosidase, is the most common lysosomal storage disease. No naturally occurring animal models are available for study of its pathophysiology or the development of new therapeutic strategies such as gene therapy. We describe an approach to gene targeting in embryonic stem cells to “knock out” glucocerebrosidase activity and generate a mouse line having the phenotype of severely affected infants with type 2 Gaucher disease. We also discuss an experiment in gene therapy using lethally irradiated mice that are reconstituted with murine fetal liver hematopoietic cells transduced with retrovirus encoding human glucocerebrosidase. Analyses of these animals show production of active human glucocerebrosidase in lysosomes of macrophages for at least 12 months after transplantation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
P4‐314: Epitope‐specific amyloid‐β oligomer vaccination ameliorates amygdala‐dependent memory deficits and inhibits region‐to‐region spread of plaque pathology in APP/PS1 mice (2015)

We have previously identified an amyloid-β oligomer-selective epitope, namely cyclized-Serine-Asparagine-Lysine (cSNK), which is not present on Aβ fibrils or monomers. Antibodies against cSNK recognize authentic Aβ oligomers (AβOs) present in brain and CSF of human Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and brain tissues of transgenic mouse models of AD, but not monomers or fibrils. Here, we conducted testing of cSNK as a vaccine in APP/PS1 mice. Sex matched cohorts of 38 APP/PS1 mice on a C3H/BL6 background were vaccinated subcutaneously with 100 μg of cSNK-KLH, with Emulsigen-D as adjuvant or Emulsigen-D alone, beginning at 3 months of age (MOA). Animals were treated monthly. Plasma was collected at baseline and throughout immunization. At 11 MOA, animals were tested for memory function with cued and contextual fear conditioning (CFC) tasks and the novel object recognition (NOR) task. Following sacrifice at 12 MOA, plaque load was determined with ThioflavinS. Plasma anti-cSNK titers were quantified using MagPlex immunoassay. The Shapiro-Wilk test determined data normality. Differences between groups and genders were tested using a regression model with categorical covariates (ANOVA) and t-test or Mann-Whitney test when appropriate, using XLSTAT V2014.6.04. Baseline and control (adjuvant-alone) anti-cSNK titers were below detection limits throughout the study. In comparison, anti-cSNK titers were elevated following immunization and remained at or above this benchmark throughout the study in cSNK-KLH treated animals. Vaccination with cSNK significantly improved performance in the Cued FC task, which tests amygdala-dependent memory. In contrast, performance was not significantly improved in the Contextual FC or NOR tasks, both indicative of hippocampus-dependent memory. Correspondingly, analysis of these regions show cSNK immunization had no effect on hippocampal plaque burden, but significant reductions in plaque burden were observed in the amygdala and parahippocampal cortex, both of which receive projections from the hippocampus. This study establishes that vaccination of APP/PS1 mice with cSNK generates a polyclonal response, and can ameliorate behavioural deterioration and propagation of amyloid pathology along pre-existing neural networks. Our data are consistent with the APP/PS1 hippocampus being a “generator” of AβO seeds, which are transmitted through efferent and afferent axonal fiber tracts.
Synthesis of Novel Potent Biologically Active N-Benzylisatin-Aryl Hydrazones in Comparison with Lung Cancer Drug ‘Gefitinib’ (2020)

Developing anticancer therapeutics with no/few side effects is a challenge for medicinal chemists. The absence of antibacterial activity of an anticancer drug removes its detrimental effect toward intestinal flora and therefore leads to reduced side effects. Here, a series of novel N-benzylisatin-aryl-hydrazones was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities with SAR and ADME studies, aiming to develop anticancer drugs with no antimicrobial, yet high antiproliferative activities. The results were then compared with the effects of first-line treatments for lung cancer drug Gefitinib. Novel N-benzylisatin-aryl-hydrazones were synthesized from isatin and benzyl bromide in three steps with good to moderate yields. Antimicrobial activity was tested with six Gram-positive/negative bacterial strains, antifungal activity with a fungal strain and antiproliferative activity against ‘A549’ and ‘HeLa cell lines’, respectively. As expected, synthesized hydrazones reveled no effects on any of the strains of bacteria and fungi up to 100-µg/disc concentration. However, four compounds showed two-to-four fold antiproliferative activity over Gefitinib. For instance, IC50 of a compound (6c) shows concentration of 4.35 µM, whereas gefitinib shows 15.23 µM against ‘A549.’ ADME predicted studies reveled that our synthesized hydrazones exhibited higher ADME values than the Gefitinib. Therefore, our synthesized hydrazones can be an excellent scaffold for the development of anticancer therapeutics after considering further investigations.
A sweet spot for highly efficient growth of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotube forests enabling their unique structures and properties (2015)

We investigated the correlation between growth efficiency and structural parameters of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) forests and report the existence of a SWCNT "sweet spot" in the CNT diameter and spacing domain for highly efficient synthesis. Only within this region could SWCNTs be grown efficiently. Through the investigation of the growth rates for ∼340 CNT forests spanning diameters from 1.3 to 8.0 nm and average spacing from 5 to 80 nm, this "sweet spot" was found to exist because highly efficient growth was constrained by several mechanistic boundaries that either hindered the formation or reduced the growth rate of SWCNT forests. Specifically, with increased diameter SWCNTs transitioned to multiwalled CNTs (multiwall border), small diameter SWCNTs could only be grown at low growth rates (low efficiency border), sparse SWCNTs lacked the requirements to vertically align (lateral growth border), and high density catalysts could not be prepared (high catalyst density border). As a result, the SWCNTs synthesized within this "sweet spot" possessed a unique set of characteristics vital for the development applications, such as large diameter, long, aligned, defective, and high specific surface area.
The Scramjet Engine: Processes and Characteristics (2009)

1. Introduction 2. Theoretical background 3. High temperature gas dynamics and hypersonic effects 4. Cycle analyses and energy management 5. Inlets and nozzles 6. Supersonic combustion processes and characteristics 7. Testing methods and wind-tunnels 8. Computational fluid dynamics methods and solutions for high speed reacting flows.
Orbital quantization of composite fermions in antidot lattices (1999)

Oscillation has been observed in the magnetoresistance of a composite fermion system imposed by a triangular array of circular depletion regions (antidots) at high magnetic fields where the cyclotron diameter of composite fermions is roughly equal to the antidot lattice period. The period of the oscillation is approximately $h/e$ as a function of magnetic flux through the antidot lattice unit cell. The composite fermion mass obtained from the temperature dependence of the oscillation amplitude agrees well with values reported previously. These results show that the oscillation originates from the semiclassical quantization of composite fermion orbits encircling an antidot.
Strontium and barium iodide high light yield scintillators (2008)

Europium-doped strontium and barium iodide are found to be readily growable by the Bridgman method and to produce high scintillation light yields.
Q3D: a device to quantitatively measure visual suppression (2010)

Vision disorders are the 4th most prevalent class of disability in the United States and the most prevalent handicapping condition in childhood. Early detection of visual suppression increases the likelihood of effective treatment and decreases the negative impact of conditions such as amblyopia, which affects 2-3% of children and is the most common cause of monocular visual impairments in young and middle-aged adults. Researchers at the University of Missouri-St. Louis have developed the Q3D (Quantitative Three Dot) Test, a handheld device that quantitatively measures the amount of visual suppression in a patient. Able to detect very small impairments and changes in suppression, the Q3D can catch suppression earlier than current methods. Quantified measurement allows for tracking intervention progress over time. Potential Areas of Applications: * Measuring the depth of suppression in conditions such as amblyopia * Quantifying an afferent pupillary defect from optic nerve abnormalities * Measuring the progress and outcome of treatments * Screening for binocular function Patent Status: * U.S. Patent No. 7,686,452 (issued 3/30/2010) * National stage applications filed in AU, CA, EPC, JP Inventor(s): Carl Bassi, Michael Howe, Wayne Garver Contact Info: Tamara Wilgers wilgerst@umsl.edu 314-516-6884
Light shed from the gut in large B-cell lymphoma (2023)

In this issue of Blood, Yoon et al 1 show that patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) at diagnosis exhibit a profound intestinal dysbiosis.The relative overrepresentation of Enterobacteriaceae family members is a robust and independent predictive factor of febrile neutropenia and relapse, despite first-line rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (RCHOP) chemotherapy.
The automatic detection of the optic disc location in retinal images using optic disc location regression (2006)

The automatic detection of the position of the optic disc is an important step in the automatic analysis of retinal images. A method to detect the approximate position of the optic disc using kNN regression is presented. The method starts by building a regression model of the optic disc position. Using a prior vessel segmentation all vessel pixels are searched for those which are inside the optic disc according to the regression model. The regression output is blurred to handle noise. The point which is closest to the middle of the optic disc is chosen. The method was tested on 1000 screening images and was able to find the correct position in 99.9% of all cases
The role of defects in organic image sensors for green photodiode (2019)

Controlling defect states in a buffer layer for organic photo devices is one of the vital factors which have great influence on the device performance. Defect states in silicon oxynitride (SiO<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub>) buffer layer for organic photo devices can be controlled by introducing appropriate dopant materials. We performed ab initio simulations to identify the effect on doping SiO<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub> with carbon (C), boron (B), and phosphorous (P) atoms. The results unveil that hole defects in the SiO<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub> layer diminish with the phosphorous doping. Based on the simulation results, we fabricate the small molecule organic photodetector (OPD) including the phosphorous-doped SiO<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub> buffer layer and the active film of blended naphthalene-based donor and C60 acceptor molecules, which shows excellent enhancement in the external quantum efficiency (EQE). The results of our charge-based deep level transient spectroscopy (Q-DLTS) measurements confirmed that the EQE enhancement originates from the decrease of the hole traps induced by the reduced hole defects. The method of controlling the defect states in SiO<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub> buffer layers by the doping can be used to improve the performance in various organic photo devices.
Batch Atomic Layer Deposition of HfO2 and ZrO2 Films Using Cyclopentadienyl Precursors (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Current transport mechanism of p-GaN Schottky contacts (2000)

Transient measurements of I–V and depletion layer capacitance were conducted to clarify the leaky current flow mechanism in Ni Schottky contacts formed on Mg-doped p-GaN. We found that carrier capture and emission from acceptor-like deep level defects cause depletion layer width (Wdep) to vary significantly. Upon ionization of the defects by white light, which results in small Wdep, current can go through the Schottky barrier and a leaky I–V curve is observed. Upon filling by current injection, Wdep becomes larger and the large original Schottky barrier height is seen. The time constant of carrier emission is as long as 8.3×103 min.
Seamless Fiber–Wireless System in W-Band Using Optical Phase Modulation and Self-Homodyne Receiver (2021)

We propose and demonstrate a seamless fiber–wireless system in the W-band using a simple transmitter, antenna site, and radio receiver. The transmitter utilizes an optical phase modulator instead of an optical in-phase/quadrature modulator for data modulation. A high-output optical-to-radio converter is fabricated and used for radio signal generation at the antenna site. The receiver employs a self-homodyne detector (SHD) that does not require a separate local oscillator source to receive and down-convert the signal to the microwave band. For a proof-of-concept demonstration, we successfully transmitted a high-order quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing signal with a bandwidth of up to 4 GHz over the system. The performance of the signal transmission over the system using an envelope detector was also evaluated. Owing to its better received sensitivity, the SHD receiver exhibited better performance. The proposed system can facilitate the deployment of seamless access networks in high-frequency bands in future mobile networks.
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in a model of chronic inflammatory lung disease (2019)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that have been investigated in a number of lung diseases due to their immunomodulatory and reparative potential. In this study, we investigated whether MSC administration could reduce inflammation and tissue damage in the lungs of transgenic mice (scnn1b-Tg) overexpressing the β-subunit of the epithelial Na(+) channel (β-ENaC). At 8 weeks of age, the lungs of scnn1b-Tg mice are characterised by chronic lung inflammation, structural tissue damage and a reduction in lung function. To test whether MSC therapy could alter this phenotype, we administered PBS (vehicle control) or MSC cells (5 x 10<sup>5</sup> cells in 100 μl PBS) through tail vein injection at 4 and 6 weeks of age, with the endpoint at 8 weeks. Broncholaveolar lavage fluid analysis revealed that MSC administration significantly reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lungs as total cell counts, monocytic cells and neutrophil counts were significantly decreased. Tissue analysis revealed that the mean linear intercept (MLI) and destructive index (DI), both markers of emphysema, were significantly improved in MSC treated mice. These findings were confirmed using lung function analysis on the SciReq Flexivent, which revealed that lung damage was significantly reduced after MSC therapy. In addition, analysis of gene expression profiles from macrophages extracted from MSC treated mice revealed a number of potential mechanisms of action, which are currently under investigation. These data suggest that MSC therapy can reduce inflammation and damage and that MSCs may provide an effective tool in the treatment of chronic inflammatory lung disease.
Dietary Hypercholesterolemia Enhances Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia/Thrombosis: A Prothrombotic Risk Factor in a Transgenic Mouse Model. (2005)

Abstract Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis (HIT/T), the most frequent drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia, is a common cause of life- and limb-threatening thrombosis. Although heparin/platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies are detected in many patients treated with heparin, there is little understanding of why only a subset of patients develops thrombosis. We recently produced and characterized the first mouse model that recapitulates the salient features of the disease. A second generation model, designated IIA/hPF4-mPF4KO, expresses human FcγRIIA and PF4 but lacks endogenous mouse PF4. These models allow systematic investigations of factors that contribute to pathogenic consequences of HIT/T antibodies. In the current study, we hypothesize that hypercholesterolemia, a known stimulus for atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet hyperreactivity, would augment thrombosis in our mouse model of HIT/T. Age and sex-matched IIA/hPF4-mPF4KO mice were fed an atherogenic diet (Paigen diet) (AD; 15% cocoa butter, 1% cholesterol, 0.5% cholate) (n=10) or maintained on standard diet (SD; 4.5% fat, no cholate) (n=10). Mice fed the AD for only 4 weeks had significantly increased cholesterol levels (173 ± 29 mg/dl vs. 50 ± 18 mg/dl for SD-fed; p &amp;lt; 0.0001). Mice were then injected with 30 U heparin and KKO, a mouse monoclonal heparin/PF4 antibody. The mean nadir platelet count in AD-fed mice was 34.6% ± 9.1 lower than that in the SD-fed mice (p&amp;lt; 0.0001). Thrombin-anti-thrombin III (TAT) levels, which reflect thrombin generation in vivo, in the AD-fed mice increased from 32 ± 5 μg/at baseline to 79 ± 16 μg/l (p &amp;lt; 0.0001) coincident with the platelet nadir. In contrast, SD-fed mice, with a less profound fall in platelets, showed no increase in TAT. Histological examination showed multiple platelet-fibrin thrombi in lungs and livers of AD-fed mice, whereas the SD-fed mice showed no histological evidence of thrombosis. Thus, in our mouse model, short-term diet-induced hyperlipidemia significantly increases the severity of heparin/PF4 antibody-mediated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Our studies provide evidence that a specific host factor can enhance the pathologic effects of heparin/PF4 antibodies in vivo and contribute to thrombotic risk in patients with HIT/T. An increased understanding of the contribution of prothrombotic factors not only will facilitate identification of patients with heparin/PF4 antibodies who are at increased risk of thrombosis, but also provide novel approaches to treatment of HIT/T.
INVITED: A 0.26% BER, Machine-Learning Resistant 1028 Challenge-Response PUF in 14nm CMOS Featuring Stability-Aware Adversarial Challenge Selection (2020)

A 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">28</sup> challenge-response strong-PUF circuit is fabricated in 14nm CMOS, demonstrating modeling attack resistance across 6-million training samples. Two-stage nonlinearly cascaded PUF array organization with adversarial challenge selection increases modeling complexity by 4×, limiting ML attack accuracy to ~50%. A configurable cross-coupled inverter-based entropy source with stability-aware challenge pruning enables 9.8× higher array density, linearly-scaling enrollment data and worst-case bit-error-rate of 0.26% measured across 650-850mV, 0-100°C operation.
DNA minor-groove recognition by small molecules (up to 2000) (2001)

Covering up to 2000
Structure of the oligonucleotide d(CGTATATACG) as a site-specific complex with nickel ions (1999)

In this paper we explore the application of Ni2+to the crystallization of oligonucleotides. We have determined in this way the structure of a fully alternating (Y-R) decanucleotide d(CGTATATACG) by single crystal X-ray diffraction. This is the first oligonucleotide crystal structure with an alternating 5'-(TA)3-3' central part. Alternating oligonucleotides have a particular interest since they often have a unique structure. In this case the general conformation is B-like with an alternating twist and an end-to-end interaction which involves terminal guanines. The crystal belongs to space group P41212 with a = b = 52.46, c = 101.49 A. This packing imposes a 90 degrees crossing of the symmetry related helices. This is a new way of packing for decamers. The oligonucleotide structure is characterized by the specific association with seven nickel ions, involving the N7 atom of every guanine. One of the Ni2+ions is shared between two guanines of symmetry related molecules. Until now no oligonucleotide has been crystallized in the presence of this metal ion. A novel C.A.T triplet structure has also been tentatively identified.
Simulation and experimental study on the characteristics of plasma-induced damage and methodology for accurate damage analysis (2009)

Physical damages to Si substrate induced by energetic ions from plasma, associated with Si recess, is studied. By using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we clarified the structural picture of the damage. By spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements, we experimentally analyzed damaged layer thickness and energy band structure. Comprehensive analysis of the damage suggests device performance degradation related to basic plasma parameters. The methodology described in this work is necessary in accurate understanding and prediction of plasma-induced damage, e.g., Si recess.