gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cavernosography Following Clinical Failure of Penile Vein Ligation for Erectile Dysfunction (1990)

In an attempt to determine what occurs to the venous circulation of the penis after ligation of the deep dorsal vein, 9 men with veno-occlusive dysfunction who underwent deep dorsal penile vein ligation and failed to achieve normal erectile function postoperatively consented to a postoperative cavernosogram. Preoperatively, the deep dorsal vein was visualized in all 9 patients, the cavernous vein in 2 and the corpus spongiosum in 1. Postoperatively, the deep dorsal vein was visualized in 1 patient, the cavernous vein in 1 and the corpus spongiosum in 8. These observations suggest that either the inability to identify a cavernous-spongiosal communication preoperatively or the induction of such a communication postoperatively may lead to a clinical failure in patients who undergo deep dorsal penile vein ligation.
Construction of ‘smart’ surfaces with polymer functionalized silica nanoparticles (2012)

Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) coated with the pH responsive poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) shells have been synthesized in different sizes using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). A mixture of the PDEAEMA functionalized SiNPs (20 and 128 nm) was found to efficiently change the surface property of a substrate. The surface properties were investigated at different ratios of functionalized SiNPs. Moreover, fluorescent-doped SiNPs with PDEAEMA were also prepared to study the adsorption/desorption behavior of the SiNPs on the substrates at different pHs. A Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA) was used to measure the interactions between PDEAEMA surfaces in aqueous solutions of different pHs, and the force–distance profiles directly indicate that the intermolecular interactions of PDEAEMA are pH sensitive. At pH < pKa (∼7.3) steric repulsion dominates while at pH ≥ pKa the hydrophobic attraction between PDEAEMA molecules plays a critical role in their molecular behaviors in solutions and on surfaces. Our results provide a new insight into the fundamental understanding and development of environmentally responsive and multifunctional surfaces and nanomaterials.
Misconception Clarification in Online Graduate Courses (2020)

Abstract “Muddy Points” (MP) is a commonly used Classroom Assessment Technique (Angelo & Cross, Krause et al.). It is used as an instructional reflection tool to collect feedback about student learning issues and points of confusion. This feedback can then be leveraged to enhance student learning and further optimize an instructor’s course delivery. It also helps to increase instructor presence in a course, as they are able to interact more with students to remove barriers impeding their knowledge creation. If used appropriately, this method can help students monitor their construction of knowledge and contribute to their self-regulation of learning. This then leads to deeper conceptual learning and improved achievement of their learning goals. It also helps to build a sense of community as students see that others share their struggles and concerns. In a face-to-face classroom setting, Muddy Points are collected at the end-of-class. We have modified this method and applied it asynchronously to an online class. The Muddy Points methodology includes four steps: 1) collection of student reflections of unclear concepts; 2) assessment of student reflections in order to identify misconceptions that can keep students from achieving learning outcomes; 3) generating formative feedback, and 4) selecting a delivery tool that quickly provides formative feedback to students. Students can then use this feedback to enhance progress towards their learning goals and build relationships with fellow learners. This paper discusses how MPs were used to assist student success in the context of online course delivery. The methods and digital tools used to help accomplish this task are document as well.
New innovative etch technologies utilizing state-of-the-art atomic-level process for advanced patterning (2022)

In leading-edge semiconductor fabrications, atomic order controlled process such as Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) and Atomic Layer Etching (ALE) are partly utilized, and its demands of application is expending. In this paper, we demonstrate some novel technologies of ALE to realize ultra-high selectivity, ALD for fine pitch Critical Dimension (CD) control, and ALD + etch to obtain vertical profile of contact holes. Those are promising techniques to meet requirements of the future device manufacturing.
Effects of specimen morphology on adaptive confocal and multiphoton microscopy (2007)

Microscopy of thick biological specimens is often detrimentally affected by specimen-induced aberrations. In the simplest case, these aberrations arise from a refractive index mismatch between the immersion and mounting media. In other situations, the aberrations arise from variations in refractive index within the specimen. These aberrations cause loss of signal and reduced resolution. Aberrations can be corrected using adaptive optics, where a deformable mirror introduces equal but opposite aberrations into the optical path. Aberration correction can be performed by reconfiguring the deformable mirror and using the fluorescence signal as feedback, effectively maximising the fluorescence intensity. However, the degree to which aberrations affect the intensity is related to the distribution of fluorescence in the specimen. Signals from point-like objects are affected more than equivalent signals from from planar or volume objects. We investigate this effect and discuss the implications for adaptive optical microscopy of biological specimens.
Investigating Tip−Nanoparticle Interactions in Spatially Correlated Total Internal Reflection Plasmon Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (2008)

A new approach for achieving spatially correlated localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging based on through-the-objective white light total internal reflection (TIR) is described. Using this technique, we successfully demonstrate spatially correlated measurements as well as the effect of tip−nanoparticle interactions including the ability to controllably manipulate nanoparticle position. Significant red shifts are observed in the LSPR spectra of single nanoparticles with successive AFM scans in ambient conditions. Identical experiments performed under water conclusively show that the shifts are caused by the small amount of water that collects between the tip and the sample in ambient AFM.
A novel MCT1 and MCT4 dual inhibitor reduces mitochondrial metabolism and inhibits tumour growth of feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (2019)

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) support tumour growth by regulating the transport of metabolites in the tumour microenvironment. High MCT1 or MCT4 expression is correlated with poor outcomes in human patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Recently, drugs targeting these transporters have been developed and may prove to be an effective treatment strategy for HNSCC. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive and treatment-resistant malignancy resembling advanced or recurrent HNSCC. The goals of this study were to investigate the effects of a previously characterized dual MCT1 and MCT4 inhibitor, MD-1, in OSCC as a novel treatment approach for feline oral cancer. We also sought to determine the potential of feline OSCC as a large animal model for the further development of MCT inhibitors to treat human HNSCC. In vitro, MD-1 reduced the viability of feline OSCC and human HNSCC cell lines, altered glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism and synergized with platinum-based chemotherapies. While MD-1 treatment increased lactate concentrations in an HNSCC cell line, the inhibitor failed to alter lactate levels in feline OSCC cells, suggesting an MCT-independent activity. In vivo, MD-1 significantly inhibited tumour growth in a subcutaneous xenograft model and prolonged overall survival in an orthotopic model of feline OSCC. Our results show that MD-1 may be an effective therapy for the treatment of feline oral cancer. Our findings also support the further investigation of feline OSCC as a large animal model to inform the development of MCT inhibitors and future clinical studies in human HNSCC.
Electrophysiologic Substrate in Congenital Long QT Syndrome (2014)

LQTS patients display regions with steep repolarization dispersion caused by localized action potential duration prolongation. This defines a substrate for reentrant arrhythmias, not detectable by surface ECG. Steeper dispersion in symptomatic patients suggests a possible role for ECG imaging in risk stratification.
Cover Feature: Panchromatic Sensitization with ZnII Porphyrin‐Based Photosensitizers for Light‐Driven Hydrogen Production (ChemSusChem 15/2018) (2018)

The Cover Feature shows dyesensitized photocatalysis for the hydrogen evolution reaction in water using platinized titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Ideally, the photoelectrochemical reaction should maximize photon capture from sunlight. The Zinc(II) porphyrin chromophore enables the construction of molecular dyes with panchromatic absorption, which helps to optimize the photocatalytic reaction. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Ho and Mark et al. on page 2517 in Issue 15, 2018 (DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801255)
Genetic and Pharmacological Modulation of Akt1 for Improving Ovarian Graft Revascularization in a Mouse Model1 (2015)

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation is one of a few available treatments for fertility preservation in women diagnosed with cancer. Rapid revascularization is essential for reducing hypoxic damage after grafting and protecting the primordial follicles reserve. Using a mouse model of heterotopic ovarian graft transplantation, we have delineated the role of endothelial Akt1 expression using longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging follow-up to quantify angiogenic response. Endothelial Akt1 activation in ovarian grafts promoted angiogenesis to support the graft during posttransplantation hypoxic period. Similarly, simvastatin therapy activated Akt1 at the transplantation site and improved the revascularization and vascular support of ovarian grafts. These results serve as an important first step toward pharmacological intervention to improve revascularization of ovarian grafts and restoration of fertility in cancer survivors. The pro-angiogenic effects reported here may extend beyond improving ovarian graft reception in fertility preservation and could potentially be used for different organ or tissue transplantation.
Dynamic priority queuing, channel borrowing, and first in first out handoff schemes: a performance comparison (2002)

In this paper we develop an analytical framework for a simple channel borrowing (CB) scheme, and compare the performance of dynamic priority queuing (DPQ), CB, and first in first out (FIFO) schemes in a personal communication system (PCS) environment. Our study shows that from an overall performance point of view (i.e., handoff and new blocking probability, as well as from an implementation point of view), the DPQ scheme is a better choice in a PCS environment. DPQ, compared to FIFO, gives better handoff blocking performance and, compared to CB, has much lower complexity. Therefore, DPQ is anticipated to be a very useful approach in evaluating and improving performance of PCS systems.
Transient Lymph Node Immune Activation by Hydrolysable Polycarbonate Nanogels (2022)

Abstract The development of controlled biodegradable materials is of fundamental importance in immunodrug delivery to spatiotemporally controlled immune stimulation but avoid systemic inflammatory side effects. Based on this, polycarbonate nanogels are developed as degradable micellar carriers for transient immunoactivation of lymph nodes. An imidazoquinoline‐type TLR7/8 agonist is covalently conjugated via reactive ester chemistry to these nanocarriers. The nanogels not only provide access to complete disintegration by the hydrolysable polymer backbone, but also demonstrate a gradual disintegration within several days at physiological conditions (PBS, pH 6.4–7.4, 37 °C). These intrinsic properties limit the lifetime of the carriers but their payload can still be successfully leveraged for immunological studies in vitro on primary immune cells as well as in vivo. For the latter, a spatiotemporal control of immune cell activation in the draining lymph node is found after subcutaneous injection. Overall, these features render polycarbonate nanogels a promising delivery system for transient activation of the immune system in lymph nodes and may consequently become very attractive for further development toward vaccination or cancer immunotherapy. Due to the intrinsic biodegradability combined with the high chemical control during the manufacturing process, these polycarbonate‐based nanogels may also be of great importance for clinical translation.
Simulation and optimization of 420-nm InGaN/GaN laser diodes (2000)

Using self-consistent laser simulation, we analyze the performance of nitride Fabry-Perot laser diodes grown on sapphire. The active region contains three 4 nm InGaN quantum wells. It is sandwiched between GaN separate confinement layers and superlattice AlGaN/GaN cladding layers. AlGaN is used as an electron barrier layer. Pulsed lasing is measured near 420 nm wavelength and at temperatures up to 120 degrees Celsius. Advanced laser simulation is applied to link microscopic device physics to measurable device performance. Our two-dimensional laser model considers carrier drift and diffusion including thermionic emission at hetero-boundaries. The local optical gain is calculated from the wurtzite band structure employing a non-Lorentzian line broadening model. All material parameters used in the model are evaluated based on recent literature values as well as our own experimental data. Simulation results are in good agreement with measurements. Multi-lateral mode lasing is calculated with a high order vertical mode. The carrier distribution among quantum wells is found to be strongly non-uniform leading to a parasitic (absorbing) quantum well. The influence of defect recombination, vertical carrier leakage and lateral current spreading is investigated. The reduction of such carrier losses is important to achieve lower threshold currents and less self-heating. Several device optimization options are proposed. Elimination of the parasitic quantum well is shown to substantially enhance the device performance.
High dose methotrexate in adult patients with osteosarcoma: Clinical and pharmacokinetic results (2005)

High dose methotrexate (HDMTX) with folinic acid rescue is widely used to treat osteosarcoma, which predominantly afflicts children; the study investigated HDMTX pharmacokinetics (pk) in adult subjects in neoadjuvant/adjuvant settings. Twenty five patients with advanced osteosarcoma (11 females--14 males, median age 26.0 years) were treated by 12 g/m2 HDMTX 4 hour iv infusion (64 total courses, range 1-7 courses). Pk was determined by non-compartmental analysis and population pk modeling. Median (range) bioavailability pk parameters were: C(max) (maximum MTX concentration) 1149.5 microM (692-2,200), AUC(tot) (total area under curve) 6,955.1 micromol*h/l (3,477-12,681). C(max)>1,000 microM gave increased histological responses (p < 0.05). Six covariates (height-weight-hemoglobin-AST-ALT-creatinine) were found to influence MTX volume of distribution (V) and elimination rate constant (K(el)). Toxicity was mild: only two reversible G4 events were observed, related to AUC(tot) >12,000 micromol*h/l (p < 0.001). HDMTX pk and interpatient variability in adults are comparable to those in children. No correlation between C(max)/AUC(tot) and subject age/sex was found, even in the population pk model. The excretion mechanism is not affected by sex/age differences. HDMTX can safely be administered to adults: as in younger patients, a good clinical response can be predicted by C(max), while severe toxicity depends on highest AUC(tot) values.
Exosomes Mediate Mobilization of Autocrine Wnt10b to Promote Axonal Regeneration in the Injured CNS (2017)

Developing strategies that promote axonal regeneration within the injured CNS is a major therapeutic challenge, as axonal outgrowth is potently inhibited by myelin and the glial scar. Although regeneration can be achieved using the genetic deletion of PTEN, a negative regulator of the mTOR pathway, this requires inactivation prior to nerve injury, thus precluding therapeutic application. Here, we show that, remarkably, fibroblast-derived exosomes (FD exosomes) enable neurite growth on CNS inhibitory proteins. Moreover, we demonstrate that, upon treatment with FD exosomes, Wnt10b is recruited toward lipid rafts and activates mTOR via GSK3β and TSC2. Application of FD exosomes shortly after optic nerve injury promoted robust axonal regeneration, which was strongly reduced in Wnt10b-deleted animals. This work uncovers an intercellular signaling pathway whereby FD exosomes mobilize an autocrine Wnt10b-mTOR pathway, thereby awakening the intrinsic capacity of neurons for regeneration, an important step toward healing the injured CNS.
Schistosoma mansoni Soluble Egg Antigens Enhance Listeria monocytogenes Vector HIV-1 Vaccine Induction of Cytotoxic T Cells (2014)

Vaccines are an important public health measure for prevention and treatment of diseases. In addition to the vaccine immunogen, many vaccines incorporate adjuvants to stimulate the recipient's immune system and enhance vaccine-specific responses. While vaccine development has advanced from attenuated organism to recombinant protein or use of plasmid DNA, the development of new adjuvants that safely increase immune responses has not kept pace. Previous studies have shown that the complex mixture of molecules that comprise saline soluble egg antigens (SEA) from Schistosoma mansoni eggs functions to promote CD4(+) T helper 2 (Th2) responses. Therefore, we hypothesized that coadministration of SEA with a Listeria vector HIV-1 Gag (Lm-Gag) vaccine would suppress host cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and T helper 1 (Th1) responses to HIV-1 Gag epitopes. Surprisingly, instead of driving HIV-1 Gag-specific responses toward Th2 type, we found that coadministration of SEA with Lm-Gag vaccine significantly increased the frequency of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing Gag-specific Th1 and CTL responses over that seen in mice administered Lm-Gag only. Analysis of the functionality and durability of vaccine responses suggested that SEA not only enlarged different memory T cell compartments but induced functional and long-lasting vaccine-specific responses as well. These results suggest there are components in SEA that can synergize with potent inducers of strong and durable Th1-type responses such as those to Listeria. We hypothesize that SEA contains moieties that, if defined, can be used to expand type 1 proinflammatory responses for use in vaccines.
Mechanistic definition of the cardiovascular mPGES-1/COX-2/ADMA axis (2019)

These data demonstrate that inhibition of mPGES-1 spares the renal COX-2/ADMA pathway and define mechanistically how COX-2 regulates ADMA.
Novel Development of High-Pressure Synthetic Diamonds "Ultra-hard Nano-polycrystalline Diamonds" (2012)

We have succeeded in synthesizing a single-phase (binderless) ultra-hard nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD) by direct conversion sintering from graphite under ultra-high pressure and high temperature. The hardness of NPD is considerably high, far surpassing that of single-crystal diamonds even at high temperature. In addition, NPD shows outstanding strength, possessing no cleavage features and no anisotropy of mechanical properties. The NPD consists of very fine grains of several tens nanometers without containing any secondary phases and binder materials which greatly affect the mechanical properties and thermal stability. These characteristics of NPD suggest potential applications of this novel material to innovative cutting tools and wear resistance tools. This report reviews our systematic studies concerning NPD in terms of its synthesis mechanism, characteristics and applications.
Patients perceptions of recovery after maxillary sinus augmentation with a minimally invasive implant device. (2014)

The current results offer a preliminary indication that patients undergoing sinus augmentation using a minimally invasive implant device can expect to experience minimum discomfort and immediate return to everyday activity.
Antibody responses to H-Y minor histocompatibility antigens correlate with chronic graft-versus-host disease and disease remission (2004)

Minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAs) are known targets of donor T cells after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In contrast, B-cell responses to mHAs have not been extensively characterized and the clinical significance of antibodies to mHAs is unknown. We tested 121 patients who underwent HSCT and 134 healthy donors for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against 5 mHAs encoded by genes on the Y chromosome (DBY, UTY, ZFY, RPS4Y, and EIF1AY). Antibodies to at least one H-Y protein developed in 52% of male patients with female donors compared with 8.7% of male patients with male donors (P < .0001), and in 41.4% of healthy females compared with 7.8% of healthy males (P < .0001). H-Y antibodies develop 4 to 12 months after transplantation and persist for long periods. The clinical significance of H-Y antibodies was characterized in 75 male patients with hematologic malignancies who received stem cells from female donors (F --> M HSCT). The presence of H-Y antibodies correlated with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) by univariate (odds ratio [OR] = 15.5; P < .0001) and multivariable logistic regression analysis (OR = 56.5; P < .0001). Antibody response to Y-chromosome encoded histocompatibility antigens (H-Y antigens) was also associated with maintenance of disease remission (P < .0001). B cells may provide a new target for immune intervention in chronic GVHD.
Properties of fluoride DUV excimer laser optics: influence of the number of dielectric layers (2000)

The key technologies for modern production processes with enhanced spatial resolution, require high performance DUV- excimer laser optics with enhanced optical properties. Major challenges imposed onto the requested new generation of optical elements are concentrated on lowest absorption and scattering as well as stability against highest pulse number throughput. These targets are the driving force within the German Joint Research Project 'OPUS II', which is dedicated to the development of high quality optical components for the DUV spectral range. As a major contribution to these investigations, sets of reflecting stacks with four different numbers of layer pairs of LaF<SUB>3</SUB>/MgF<SUB>2</SUB> were produced by 6 partners of the consortium and characterized in respect to their optical performance and structural properties. The characterization includes spectrophotometric measurements from the VUV up tot eh mid RI range. calorimetric absorption measurements at 193 nm, and a comparative study in total scatter behavior at 193 nm, which was performed by three laboratories within the project. Also, besides the intrinsic stress and the surface topography of the layers, the non-linear absorption behavior of selected samples have been determined. The results are presented and discussed with respect to possible applications.