gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Pore-Scale Heterogeneities on Carbonate Stimulation Treatments (2007)

Abstract Most carbonate reservoirs are heterogeneous at multiple-length scales. These heterogeneities strongly influence the outcome of acid stimulation treatments which are routinely performed to improve well productivity. However, most previous studies reported in the literature have focused on investigating the effects of injection rate, temperature, and fluid properties and few have focused on the influence of rock properties on stimulation treatments. This study primarily explores the influence of pore scale heterogeneities on stimulation treatments. Some results on the influence of core scale heterogeneities are also presented. Core samples from eight different carbonate rocks were selected for the study. Samples were characterized for mineralogy, texture, fabric, porosity and density distribution using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Computed Tomography (CT) scanning, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), mercury injection as well as resistivity measurements, chemical testing, etc. Each sample was then classified into a Reservoir Rock Type (RRT) which is primarily based on the porosity spatial distribution (PSD) in the carbonate. Each RRT represents a group of carbonate rocks with similar porosity spatial distribution and is expected to exhibit similar behavior to fluid flow and, therefore, to acid dissolutions. The 8 carbonate rocks investigated in this study represent 6 different RRTs. Each carbonate type was treated with reactive fluids. Two different sets of coreflow tests were performed on 6 x 1.5 inch plugs. The first set of experiments involved determination of the evolution of permeability with porosity for the RRT. In these experiments the core was treated at high injection rates with a fluid of low reactivity. Injection at a high flow rate ensured uniform dissolution of the medium. Porosity was monitored by analysis of the effluent and permeability was monitored by the pressure drop across the cores. The second set involved determining the acid breakthrough curves for each of the carbonate types using HCl (hydrochloric acid) as the reacting fluid. The characteristic pore-volume to breakthroughs (PVBT) and the wormhole velocities were obtained for each carbonate by injecting acid at different flow rates. The results of the tests confirm the original hypothesis that the response of the carbonate rock to acid depends on the RRT it belongs to. In other words, rock samples with similar PSD exhibit similar trends in PVBT. The significance of the results to the design of matrix treatments in carbonate reservoirs is discussed.
High Quality Tetrahedral Mesh Generation Technique for Computational Fluid Dynamics. (1999)

Recently, performing a fluid flow analysis at a high speed is becoming increasingly possible due to improvements in computer performance and numerical technique. However, mesh generation still takes a lot of time. We describe a high-quality tetrahedral-mesh generation technique for computational fluid dynamics. Two techniques are proposed to improve the quality of tetrahedral-mesh: (1) A technique that generates a layer-mesh with a good-shape within a narrow space based on the angle evaluation of the wall side. (2) A technique that smoothly connects the layer-mesh and other meshes by controlling the element height that corresponds to the depth from the surface. The proposed technique has been examined through the fluid flow analysis around the circular cylinder, and the effectiveness of the proposed technique has been verified by comparing with the flow analysis using hexahedral-mesh.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine—Phosphinite and Phosphine—Phosphite Ligands: Preparation and Applications in Asymmetric Catalysis (2011)

Abstract Review: 307 refs.
Advancing the Use of Sustainability Metrics in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (2018)

status: Published
Obstacle detection and safeguarding for a high-speed autonomous hydraulic excavator (1999)

Hydraulic excavators are large, powerful machines which are often operated in high-production settings. Successful automation of excavators for mass excavation tasks require safeguarding algorithms which do not negatively impact productivity. We present a two-level sensor-based safeguarding approach which utilizes obstacle detection to prevent collisions and motion detection to halt operation when unanticipated vehicles or people approach the excavator.
Highly Efficient Trapping of the Nazarov Intermediate with Substituted Arenes (2001)

1,4-Dien-3-ones bearing pendant arylethyl side chains were readily prepared from substituted dihydrocinnamaldehydes. When treated with TiCl(4) at low temperature, these compounds underwent domino cyclization to give benzohydrindenones in near-quantitative yield and with complete diastereoselectivity. Reaction: see text.
A repurposed, blood gene signature is associated with poor outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

Abstract Poor outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection are difficult to predict. Survivors may develop pulmonary fibrosis. We previously identified a 52-gene signature in peripheral blood, predictive of mortality in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. In this study, we analyzed this signature in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and identified genomic risk profiles with significant differences in outcomes. Analysis of single cell expression data shows that monocytes, red blood cells, neutrophils and dendritic cells are the cellular source of the high risk gene signature.
Non-Contact Based Modeling of Enervation (2023)

Significant research is currently carried out with a focus on autonomous vehicles; research is starting to focus on areas such as the modeling of occupant states and behavioral elements. This paper contributes to this line of research by developing a pipeline that extracts physiological signals from thermal imagery and modeling occupant enervation using a fully non-contact based approach. These signals are obtained via a multimodal dataset of 36 subjects across multiple channels, including the thermal and physiological modalities. Moreover, we provide a comparative analysis of non-contact and contact based channels to model the enervation state of individuals. Our analysis indicates that non-contact physiological signals extracted from thermal imagery can reach and exceed the performance of contact-based physiological signals. In addition, modeling of enervation is possible using said non-contact physiological signals and thermal features, with an accuracy of up to 70% in identifying energized and enervated occupant states. Our findings provide a novel approach for future research and opens the possibility for integration of unrestrictive sensors in future automobiles.
Model-based approaches for degraded channel modelling in robust ASR (2012)

Speech is usually observed after passing through some form of “channel” that results in distortions. For some scenarios it is possible to build explicit models of this channel distortion and hence compensate the acoustic models. However the accuracy of the distortion model is sometimes poor and more general adaptation approaches are required. This paper investigates these model-based approaches for communication channel, link, modelling. In particular the paper examines the interaction of link models with speaker adaptation and adaptive training. CMLLR link models with multiple transforms can yield multiple inconsistent feature-spaces When combined with speaker adaptation with very few transforms this inconsistency can limit adaptation performance gains. In contrast using a front-end CMLLR (FE-CMLLR) transform yields a consistent space for speaker adaptation. These schemes are compared on communication channel distorted dialect Arabic conversational speech. Preliminary results on this task indicate the benefits of performing adaptation in a consistent feature-space.
Mathematical Model for Thermostatic Expansion Valve (2000)

Abstract A methodology to generate the mathematical model to simulate the steady-state operation of the thermostatic expansion valves is described. Such a model is necessary in understanding the operation of a refrigeration system used in cooling electronics. The model treats the mutual dependence between the valve’s throttling and control functions, and requires a few experimentally determined parameters. Specifically, the characteristic of the valve changes with the evaporating temperature, and a simple model to represent this influence on the valve is suggested.
Growth of SiCAlN on Si(111) via a crystalline oxide interface (2002)

Growth of single-phase SiCAlN epitaxial films with the 2H–wurtzite structure is conducted directly on Si(111) despite the structural differences and large lattice mismatch (19%) between the two materials. Commensurate heteroepitaxy is facilitated by the conversion of native and thermally grown SiO2 layers on Si(111) into crystalline oxides by in situ reactions of the layers with Al atoms and the H3SiCN precursor, forming coherent interfaces with the Si substrate and the film. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy show that the amorphous SiO2 films are entirely transformed into a crystalline Si–Al–O–N framework in registry with the Si(111) surface. This crystalline interface acts as a template for nucleation and growth of epitaxial SiCAlN. Integration of wide-band-gap semiconductors with Si is readily achieved by this process.
Stable transition metal .pi. complex of dimethylaminopentalene (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStable transition metal .pi. complex of dimethylaminopentaleneD. F. Hunt and J. W. RussellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 20, 7198–7199Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00775a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00775a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Microcurrent Dressing Reduces Cutibacterium Acnes Colonization in Patients Undergoing Shoulder Arthroplasty or Arthroscopy: A Prospective Case Series (2022)

<i>Background: Cutibacterium acnes</i> infections in the shoulder remain a significant concern in the setting of shoulder arthroplasty. <i>Purpose</i>: We sought to evaluate the efficacy of a microcurrent dressing in reducing <i>C. acnes</i> skin colonization and thereby reducing the risk of periprosthetic joint infection of the shoulder. <i>Methods</i>: This study was designed as a prospective case series. From October 2017 to February 2019, patients undergoing elective shoulder arthroplasty or arthroscopic shoulder surgery at a major academic medical center were offered enrollment; they signed an informed consent to participate. Patients under the age of 18, scheduled for revision shoulder arthroplasty, or with sensitivity or allergy to silver, zinc, or latex were excluded. Subjects underwent skin culture swab of the shoulder in the mid-point of the planned deltopectoral incision. The JumpStart (Arthrex; Naples, FL) microcurrent dressing was then placed over the area of the planned incision, and a full-thickness skin biopsy was harvested from the incision at the initiation of the surgical procedure. All specimens were cultured for <i>C. acnes</i> by the hospital's clinical microbiology laboratory with standard anaerobic technique. <i>Results</i>: Thirty-one subjects were enrolled in the study. Those who demonstrated no growth at baseline for the control specimen were excluded from further analysis (N = 11), given the absence of preoperative <i>C. acnes</i> colonization. Culture results from the 20 remaining subjects revealed significantly diminished <i>C. acnes</i> skin growth at the time of surgery compared to baseline. Sixty percent (12 of 20) of the subjects with positive skin swabs at baseline demonstrated no growth in the skin biopsy specimens at the time of surgery. There were no adverse events associated with the application of the microcurrent dressing. <i>Conclusion</i>: This prospective case series found that preoperative application of a microcurrent dressing resulted in significantly diminished <i>C. acnes</i> skin burden at the time of surgery in patients undergoing elective shoulder arthroplasty or arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Further study is warranted to investigate whether this preoperative intervention may contribute to a reduction in perioperative infections, including prosthetic joint infection.
Customizable Lipid Nanoparticle Materials for the Delivery of siRNAs and mRNAs (2018)

Abstract RNAs are a promising class of therapeutics given their ability to regulate protein concentrations at the cellular level. Developing safe and effective strategies to deliver RNAs remains important for realizing their full clinical potential. Here, we develop lipid nanoparticle formulations that can deliver short interfering RNAs (for gene silencing) or messenger RNAs (for gene upregulation). Specifically, we study how the tail length, tail geometry, and linker spacing in diketopiperazine lipid materials influences LNP potency with siRNAs and mRNAs. Eight lipid materials are synthesized, and 16 total formulations are screened for activity in vitro; the lead material is evaluated with mRNA for in vivo use and demonstrates luciferase protein expression in the spleen. In undertaking this approach, not only do we develop synthetic routes to delivery materials, but we also reveal structural criteria that could be useful for developing next‐generation delivery materials for RNA therapeutics.
Evolutionary Complex Engineering Optimization: Opportunities and Challenges [Guest Editorial] (2013)

The papers in this special section focus on the challenges and future direction of evolutionary complex engineering.
Cordidepsine is A Potential New Anti-HIV Depsidone from Cordia millenii, Baker (2019)

Chemical investigation of <i>Cordia millenii,</i> Baker resulted in the isolation of a new depsidone, cordidepsine (<b>1</b>), along with twelve known compounds including cyclooctasulfur (<b>2</b>), lup-20(29)-en-3-triacontanoate (<b>3</b>), 1-(26-hydroxyhexacosanoyl)glycerol (<b>4</b>), glyceryl-1-hexacosanoate (<b>5</b>) betulinic acid (<b>6</b>), lupenone (<b>7</b>), <i>β</i>-amyrone (<b>8</b>), lupeol (<b>9</b>), <i>β</i>-amyrin (<b>10</b>), allantoin (<b>11</b>), 2'-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylpropanoate (<b>12</b>) and stigmasterol glycoside (<b>13</b>). Hemi-synthetic reactions were carried out on two isolated compounds (<b>5</b> and <b>6</b>) to afford two new derivatives, that is, cordicerol A (<b>14</b>) and cordicerol B (<b>15</b>), respectively. The chemical structures of all the compounds were established based on analysis and interpretation of spectroscopic data such as electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS), high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS), one dimension and two dimension nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D-NMR) spectral data as well as X-ray crystallography (XRC). Lupeol ester derivatives [Lup-20(29)-en-3-triacontanoate (<b>3</b>)], monoglycerol derivatives [1-(26-hydroxyhexacosanoyl)glycerol (<b>4</b>) and glyceryl-1 hexacosanoate (<b>5</b>)] were isolated for the first time from <i>Cordia</i> genus while sulfur allotrope [cyclooctasulfur (<b>2</b>)] was isolated for the first time from plant origin. Biological assays cordidepsine (<b>1</b>) exhibited significant anti-HIV integrase activity with IC<sub>50</sub> = 4.65 μM; EtOAc extract of stem barks, EtOAc fraction of roots and leaves were not toxic against 3T3 cells.
Glucose Sensing in the Peritoneal Space Offers Faster Kinetics Than Sensing in the Subcutaneous Space (2014)

The paramount goal in the treatment of type 1 diabetes is the maintenance of normoglycemia. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technologies enable frequent sensing of glucose to inform exogenous insulin delivery timing and dosages. The most commonly available CGMs are limited by the physiology of the subcutaneous space in which they reside. The very same advantages of this minimally invasive approach are disadvantages with respect to speed. Because subcutaneous blood flow is sensitive to local fluctuations (e.g., temperature, mechanical pressure), subcutaneous sensing can be slow and variable. We propose the use of a more central, physiologically stable body space for CGM: the intraperitoneal space. We compared the temporal response characteristics of simultaneously placed subcutaneous and intraperitoneal sensors during intravenous glucose tolerance tests in eight swine. Using compartmental modeling based on simultaneous intravenous sensing, blood draws, and intraarterial sensing, we found that intraperitoneal kinetics were more than twice as fast as subcutaneous kinetics (mean time constant of 5.6 min for intraperitoneal vs. 12.4 min for subcutaneous). Combined with the known faster kinetics of intraperitoneal insulin delivery over subcutaneous delivery, our findings suggest that artificial pancreas technologies may be optimized by sensing glucose and delivering insulin in the intraperitoneal space.
Cognitive Security of Wireless Communication Systems in the Physical Layer (2017)

While the wireless communication systems provide the means of connectivity nearly everywhere and all the time, communication security requires more attention. Even though current efforts provide solutions to specific problems under given circumstances, these methods are neither adaptive nor flexible enough to provide security under the dynamic conditions which make the security breaches an important concern. In this paper, a cognitive security (CS) concept for wireless communication systems in the physical layer is proposed with the aim of providing a comprehensive solution to wireless security problems. The proposed method will enable the comprehensive security to ensure a robust and reliable communication in the existence of adversaries by providing adaptive security solutions in the communication systems by exploiting the physical layer security from different perspective. The adaptiveness relies on the fact that radio adapts its propagation characteristics to satisfy secure communication based on specific conditions which are given as user density, application specific adaptation, and location within CS concept. Thus, instead of providing any type of new security mechanism, it is proposed that radio can take the necessary precautions based on these conditions before the attacks occur. Various access scenarios are investigated to enable the CS while considering these conditions.
Identification of charm jets at LHCb (2022)

Abstract The identification of charm jets is achieved at LHCb for data collected in 2015–2018 using a method based on the properties of displaced vertices reconstructed and matched with jets. The performance of this method is determined using a dijet calibration dataset recorded by the LHCb detector and selected such that the jets are unbiased in quantities used in the tagging algorithm. The charm-tagging efficiency is reported as a function of the transverse momentum of the jet. The measured efficiencies are compared to those obtained from simulation and found to be in good agreement.
Simultaneous Enzymatic Synthesis of Mannitol and Gluconic Acid: I. Characterization Of The Enzyme System (1996)

During a screening for the enzyme mannitol dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.67), which is to be employed in the enzymatic conversion of fructose to mannitol, the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, the fungus Schizophyllum commune and the yeast Torulaspora delbrückii were identified as promising producers of NAD+-dependent MDH In P. fluorescens the formation of this enzyme activity could be induced by mannitol, whereas in T. delbrückii synthesis was provoked by fructose. The enzyme was constitutively formed during growth of S. commune on easily metabolizable sugars. Mannitol dehydrogenase from P. fluorescens and T. delbrückii were purified 65-fold and 280–fold, respectively, to apparent homogeneity, while only a partially purified preparation of the enzyme from S. commune was obtained. The dehydrogenases were further characterized in consideration of a possible coenzyme-dependent process in which the reduction of fructose is coupled to the enzymatic oxidation of glucose to gluconate, thus regenerating the reduced form of the nicotinamide coenzyme. The pH-optima for the reduction fructose → mannitol for the enzymes from P. fluorescens, S. commune and T. delbrückii were found to be 7.3, 7.2 and 6.3, respectively, whereas for the reverse oxidation mannitol → fructose the pH-optima were 10.0, 9.8, and 10.0, respectively. MDH from S. commune was rather unstable, losing 50% of its activity within 60 h at 4d`C. In contrast, the other two enzymes were stable at room temperature and retained 50% of their activity after 42 h (P. fluorescens) or 166 h (T. delbrückii). Further-more, both enzymes could be efficiently stabilized so that their half-life time exceeded well over 1500 h at ambient temperature. The enzymes of the latter organisms were found to be rather specific for both their coenzyme and their substrates. A glucose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.47) from Bacillus megaterium, which is necessary for the continuous regeneration of the coenzyme and catalyzes the NAD+-dependent oxidation of glucose to glucono-δ-lactone, was characterized with respect to its thermal stability.
Stress-induced Sn Nanowires from Si–Sn Nanocomposite Coatings (2010)

The growth of stress-induced tin (Sn) whiskers has been considered responsible for the failure of many electronic devices and many approaches have been developed to mitigate their growth. In this report, however, we describe a simple approach based on the same mechanism to promote the growth of Sn nanowires. The thermal expansion induced stress was utilized as the driving force to initiate the growth of Sn nanowires from Si–Sn phase-separated nanocomposite coatings. The nanostructure of the Si–Sn matrix was the key to controlling the shape and diameter of Sn nanowires. This approach provides additional flexibility for making desirable metallic nanowires with controlled dimensions.