gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2019 Consensus Statement of the Taiwan Hypertension Society and the Taiwan Society of Cardiology on Renal Denervation for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. (2019)

Sympathetic overactivity, an essential mechanism of hypertension, in driving sustained hypertension derives mostly from its effects on renal function. Percutaneous renal denervation (RDN) is designed to disrupt renal afferent and efferent sympathetic nerves to achieve sustained blood pressure (BP) reduction. Since 2017 onward, all three proof-of-concept, sham-controlled RDN trials demonstrated that RDN achieved consistent and clinically meaningful BP reductions [approximately 10 mmHg in office systolic BP (SBP) and 6-9 mmHg in 24-hour SBP] compared to sham operation in patients with mild to moderate or uncontrolled hypertension. There were no serious adverse events. The registry data in Taiwan showed similar 24-hour BP reductions at 12 months following RDN. The Task Force considers RDN as a legitimate alternative antihypertensive strategy and recommends 1) RDN should be performed in the context of registry and clinical studies (Class I, Level C) and 2) RDN should not be performed routinely, without detailed evaluation of various causes of secondary hypertension and renal artery anatomy (Class III, Level C). RDN could be performed in patients who fulfill either of the following BP criteria: 1) office BP ≥ 150/90 mmHg and daytime ambulatory SBP ≥ 135 mmHg or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 85 mmHg, irrespective of use of antihypertensive agents (Class IIa, Level B), or 2) 24-hour ambulatory SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and DBP ≥ 80 mmHg, irrespective of use of antihypertensive agents (Class IIa, Level B), with eligible renal artery anatomy and estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. Five subgroups of hypertensive patients are deemed preferred candidates for RDN and dubbed "RDN i2": Resistant hypertension, patients with hypertension-mediated organ Damage, Non-adherent to antihypertensive medications, intolerant to antihypertensive medications, and patients with secondary (2ndary) causes being treated for ≥ 3 months but BP still uncontrolled. The Task Force recommends assessment of three aspects, dubbed "RAS" (R for renal, A for ambulatory, S for secondary), beforehand to ascertain whether RDN could be performed appropriately: 1) Renal artery anatomy eligibility assessed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance renal angiography if not contraindicated, 2) genuine uncontrolled BP confirmed by 24-hour Ambulatory BP monitoring, and 3) Secondary hypertension identified and properly treated. After the procedure, 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, together with the dose and dosing interval of all BP-lowering drugs, should be obtained 6 months following RDN. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance renal angiography should be obtained 12 months following RDN, given that renal artery stenosis might not be clinically evident.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Effects in Selective Addition Reactions of Organoindium Reagents with Carbonyl Compounds. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optical Biosensors for Virus Detection: Prospects for SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 (2020)

The recent pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused huge worldwide disruption due to the lack of available testing locations and equipment. The use of optical techniques for viral detection has flourished in the past 15 years, providing more reliable, inexpensive, and accurate detection methods. In the current minireview, optical phenomena including fluorescence, surface plasmons, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and colorimetry are discussed in the context of detecting virus pathogens. The sensitivity of a viral detection method can be dramatically improved by using materials that exhibit surface plasmons or SERS, but often this requires advanced instrumentation for detection. Although fluorescence and colorimetry lack high sensitivity, they show promise as point-of-care diagnostics because of their relatively less complicated instrumentation, ease of use, lower costs, and the fact that they do not require nucleic acid amplification. The advantages and disadvantages of each optical detection method are presented, and prospects for applying optical biosensors in COVID-19 detection are discussed.
A Novel Method to Study the Effect of Corona Treatment on Ink Wetting and Sorption Behavior (2014)

A novel absorption test method was developed based on a modification of the Bristow Absorption Apparatus. The proposed method combines corona treatment (CT) with short contact time absorption behavior to study particularly ink wetting and sorption on substrates in-line. The method makes it possible to study e.g. the coagulation of pigment inks induced by deposited charges i.e. electrocoagulation, the effect of short contact times on liquid/substrate interactions, and problems related to charge decay such as whiskering. In-line measurement with a short delay time minimizes the effect of ambient conditions (heat, moisture) on charge decay, and thus simulates the conditions in commercial digital printing processes.The functionality of the method was evaluated by testing paper samples with and without polymer coatings. Uncoated samples were used to study absorption properties. It was found that in some cases the CT changes both the wetting and absorption of ink and that in other cases the main changes are in the absorption behavior. Four CT levels (0, &#x2212;100, &#x2212;450, and &#x2212;900 W*min/m2) were studied and it was found that the highest treatment level increased the absorption of the applied inkjet ink the most. As expected, the contact time between liquid and substrate was found to be an important variable affecting the absorption. Print density and mottle were determined on coated samples with the CT levels of 0, &#x2212;160, and +160 W*min/m2. CT improved print density significantly, whether the treatment was positive or negative, and also reduced the mottling tendency.
A comparative study of initial downlink channel estimation algorithms for mobile WiMAX (2007)

Fourth generation (4G) wireless products are expected to be based on worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) systems. It is the optimized receiver algorithms that will differentiate competitive products. In this paper, an important receiver algorithm, channel estimation, is studied for mobile WiMAX systems (IEEE 802.16e-2005). Various channel estimation algorithms are studied and compared for initial channel estimation in downlink of IEEE 802.16e-2005. Various methods are analyzed in terms of their computational complexity, mean square error and bit error rate performances under different channel models
Metabolism of the thermophilic bacterium Oceanithermus profundus (2008)

The metabolism of the novel facultatively anaerobic thermophilic bacterium Oceanithermus profundus was studied during growth on maltose, acetate, pyruvate, and hydrogen. The utilization of carbohydrates was shown to proceed via the glycolytic pathway. Under microaerobic growth conditions, the metabolism of O. profundus grown on maltose depended on the substrate concentration. At an initial maltose concentration of 1.4 mM, O. profundus carried out oxygen respiration, and in the presence of 3.5 mM maltose, facilitated fermentation occurred, with the formation of acetate and ethanol and limited involvement of oxygen. The use of pyruvate and acetate occurs via the TCA cycle. In cells grown on acetate, the activity of glyoxylate pathway enzymes was revealed. Depending on the energy-yielding process providing for growth (oxygen respiration or nitrate reduction), cells contained cytochromes a and c or b, respectively. The results obtained demonstrate the plasticity of the metabolism of O. profundus, which thus appears to be well-adjusted to the rapidly changing conditions in deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
Diameter-dependent optical losses in pillar microcavities (1996)

Optical losses in pillar microcavities have been measured directly by means of microreflectance spectroscopy. It was shown that optical losses of the cavities larger than about 3 μm were constant irrespective of the diameters. The lasing thresholds were also measured, and they were proportional to the cavity volume. This result is consistent with the measured constant optical losses. A drastic increase in optical losses has been observed when reducing the cavity diameters below 2 μm. The scattering losses due to sidewall roughness were considered mainly responsible for the optical losses.
Chemical Composition and Digestibility of Fiber Fractions of Certain By-Product Feedstuffs Fed to Ruminants (1988)

These experiments were conducted to study chemical composition of five by-product feedstuffs and their fiber fractions to determine the components that make up their indigestible residue. Corn fiber (CF), coarse corn fiber (CCF), oat hulls (OH), soybean hulls (SH) and cottonseed hulls (CSH) were chemically fractionated into eight components: original by-product, chloroform-methanol (CHCl3:CH3 0H)-extracted material, NDF, lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC), alkali-extracted residue (AER), holocellulose, hemicelluloses and cellulose. The three by-products containing sufficient amounts of LCC (CF, CCF and OH) were fractionated using washed ruminal cell suspensions into a by-product residue (BR) and a by-product filtrate (BF). The primary alkali-labile phenolic monomers detected in both the chemically and biologically isolated fractions were p-coumaric acid (PCA) and ferulic acid (FA). Monosaccharides detected were xylose, arabinose and glucose. In vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) of original by-products varied greatly, with values ranging from 31.9% for OH to 85.6% for CF. The IVDMD of the AER of the monocot by-products was greater (P < .05) than that of the original by-product (92.3 vs 85.6% for CF; 93.1 vs 81.8% for CCF; 69.4 vs 31.9% for OH). Alkali extraction did not improve digestibility of dicot by-products. Isolated LCC were very soluble in McDougall's buffer; thus, IVDMD of LCC was unrealistically high. Data are interpreted to indicate that the residues isolated using biological fractionation are different in composition from the chemically isolated residues.
SIM Application Toolkit - Protocol Conformance and Implementation Challenges (2006)

Emerging computer literate society needs mobile services that are tailored to their lifestyles; multimedia-rich applications, seamless Internet- Intranet access, technology convergence and interoperability. They want speedy, simple access to content, personalized services and flexible offers. They do not have time for queues; they are looking forward to cash less society and m-commerce. One answer is at hand for mobile operators in the form of the SIM Application Toolkit. But for any application or service to be launched effectively, protocol conformance coverage for the mobile equipments needs to be available and approved quickly. Certifying that mobile equipment conforms to the relevant test standards is a key part of the process of introducing it into the market for use on a live network. This paper focuses on the challenges in the path of SIM Application Toolkit acceptance from protocol conformance perspective.
cis-2,5-Dicyanopyrrolidine Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV:  Synthesis and in Vitro, in Vivo, and X-ray Crystallographic Characterization (2006)

Inhibitors of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) degrading enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) have been shown to be effective treatments for type 2 diabetes in animal models and in human subjects. A novel series of cis-2,5-dicyanopyrrolidine alpha-amino amides were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. 1-({[1-(Hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-cis-dicarbonitrile (1c) is an achiral, slow-binding (time-dependent) inhibitor of DPP-IV that is selective for DPP-IV over other DPP isozymes and proline specific serine proteases, and which has oral bioavailability in preclinical species and in vivo efficacy in animal models. The mode of binding of the cis-2,5-dicyanopyrrolidine moiety was determined by X-ray crystallography. The hydrochloride salt of 1c was further profiled for development as a potential new treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Blue Light Activated Rapamycin for Optical Control of Protein Dimerization in Cells and Zebrafish Embryos (2021)

Rapamycin-induced dimerization of FKBP and FRB is the most commonly utilized chemically induced protein dimerization system. It has been extensively used to conditionally control protein localization, split-enzyme activity, and protein-protein interactions in general by simply fusing FKBP and FRB to proteins of interest. We have developed a new aminonitrobiphenylethyl caging group and applied it to the generation of a caged rapamycin analog that can be photoactivated using blue light. Importantly, the caged rapamycin analog shows minimal background activity with regard to protein dimerization and can be directly interfaced with a wide range of established (and often commercially available) FKBP/FRB systems. We have successfully demonstrated its applicability to the optical control of enzymatic function, protein stability, and protein subcellular localization. Further, we also showcased its applicability toward optical regulation of cell signaling, specifically mTOR signaling, in cells and aquatic embryos.
Supplementary Methods and Data from TEM8/ANTXR1-Specific CAR T Cells as a Targeted Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Information about methods and data that further support the claims made in this article. This includes, but is not limited to TEM8 distribution in normal tissues, CAR T cell normalization, additional control groups and CAR toxicity studies.&lt;/p&gt;
Stabilizing a Tubulysin Antibody–Drug Conjugate To Enable Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Tumors (2017)

The tubulysins are promising anticancer cytotoxic agents due to the clinical validation of their mechanism of action (microtubule inhibition) and their particular activity against multidrug-resistant tumor cells. Yet their high potency and subsequent systemic toxicity make them prime candidates for targeted therapy, particularly in the form of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Here we report a strategy to prepare stable and bioreversible conjugates of tubulysins to antibodies without loss of activity. A peptide trigger along with a quaternary ammonium salt linker connection to the tertiary amine of tubulysin provided ADCs that were potent <i>in vitro</i>. However, we observed metabolism of a critical acetate ester of the drug <i>in vivo</i>, resulting in diminished conjugate activity. We were able to circumvent this metabolic liability with the judicious choice of a propyl ether replacement. This modified tubulysin ADC was stable and effective against multidrug-resistant lymphoma cell lines and tumors.
Precision Health Diagnostic and Surveillance Network uses S Gene Target Failure (SGTF) combined with sequencing technologies to identify emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021)

Abstract Several genomic epidemiology tools have been developed to track the public and population health impact of SARS-CoV-2 community spread worldwide. A SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern (VOC) B.1.1.7, known as 501Y.V1, which shows increased transmissibility, has rapidly become the dominant VOC in the United States (US). Our objective was to develop an evidenced-based genomic surveillance algorithm that combines RT-PCR and sequencing technologies to identify VOCs. Deidentified data were obtained from 508,969 patients tested for COVID-19 with the TaqPath COVID-19 RT-PCR Combo Kit (ThermoFisher) in four CLIA certified clinical laboratories in Puerto Rico (n=86,639) and in three CLIA certified clinical laboratories in the US (n=422,330). TaqPath data revealed a frequency of S Gene Target Failure (SGTF) &gt;47% for the last week of March 2021, in both Puerto Rico and US laboratories. The monthly frequency of SGTF in Puerto Rico steadily increased exponentially from 4% in November 2020 to 47% in March 2021.The weekly SGTF rate in US samples was high (&gt;8%) from late December to early January, and then also increased exponentially through April (48%). The exponential increase in SGFT prevalence in Puerto Rico is concurrent with a sharp increase in VOCs among all SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Puerto Rico uploaded to GISAID (n=461). B.1.1.7 frequency increased from &lt;1% in the last week of January 2021 to 51.5% of viral sequences from Puerto Rico collected in the last week of March 2021. The exponential increase in SGTF and B.1.1.7 prevalence in Puerto Rico and US requires an urgent response. According to the proposed evidence-based algorithm, approximately 50% of all positive samples should be managed as potential B.1.1.7 carriers with VOC quarantine and contact tracing protocols while their lineage is confirmed by WGS in surveillance laboratories. Patients infected with VOCs should be effectively triaged for isolation, contact tracing and follow-up treatment purposes.
Infection and Vaccination of Pigs with Influenza A/New Jersey/8/76 (Hsw1N1) Virus (1977)

Pigs were infected and had mild signs of illness when exposed to influenza A/New Jersey/8/76 (Hsw1N1) virus. Virus was recovered for up to eight days after exposure. The virus was readily transmitted to susceptible pen mates. Vaccination with inactivated whole-virus vaccine did not provide protection against infection or disease. There was some protection against challenge when the pigs were vaccinated with a temperature-sensitive strain of influenza A/New Jersey/8/76 virus.
Surface tension and viscosity of liquid Pd43Cu27Ni10P20 measured in a levitation device under microgravity (2019)

Here we present measurements of surface tension and viscosity of the bulk glass-forming alloy Pd<sub>43</sub>Cu<sub>27</sub>Ni<sub>10</sub>P<sub>20</sub> performed during containerless processing under reduced gravity. We applied the oscillating drop method in an electromagnetic levitation facility on board of parabolic flights. The measured viscosity exhibits a pronounced temperature dependence following an Arrhenius law over a temperature range from 1100 K to 1450 K. Together with literature values of viscosity at lower temperatures, the viscosity of Pd<sub>43</sub>Cu<sub>27</sub>Ni<sub>10</sub>P<sub>20</sub> can be well described by a free volume model. X-ray diffraction analysis on the material retrieved after the parabolic flights confirm the glassy nature after vitrification of the bulk samples and thus the absence of crystallization during processing over a wide temperature range.
Magnetization and Magnetic Behavior of Ni1-xCdxFe2O4 Ferrites (2013)

This article describes the experimental investigation on the magnetization behavior of Ni1-xCdxFe2O4 ferrites for x greater than or equal to 0.0 &amp; less than or equal to 0.8 prepared by conventional ceramic method. Magnetic properties have been measured as a function of field and temperature using vibrating sample magnetometer and SQUID magnetometer. Saturation magnetization at 20 K increases with Cd-content up to x = 0.5 and decreases thereafter. Neel’s two sublattice collinear model is applied for the initial rise of the magnetization up to x less than or equal to 0.5 and beyond that three sublattices non-collinear model proposed by Yafet-Kittel are predominant. This indicates the appearance of spin canting structure in Ni1-xCdxFe2O4 ferrites with higher Cd-content. Sample with x = 0.8 shows anomalous temperature dependent magnetic ordering on applied magnetic field. Low field (5 Oe) magnetization shows antiferromagnetic ordering while the ferromagnetic ordering has been found to be dominant with the high field (1 T). That is the magnetic ordering of Ni1-xCdxFe2O4 is dependent on the strength of applied field.
Apolipoprotein E gene and retinal microvascular signs in older people: the Cardiovascular Health Study. (2007)

This study provides little evidence that the APOE gene polymorphism plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of retinal microvascular changes in the general population. In the older white population, APOE epsilon2 and epsilon4 allele carriers were more likely to have arterio-venous nicking. Other retinal signs, however, were not related to APOE gene polymorphism.
QUALITATIVE SPATIAL REASONING VIA 3-VALUED HETEROGENEOUS LOGIC (2009)

Systems for qualitative spatial reasoning (QSR) are usually formulated as relation algebras, and reasoning in such systems is performed by constraint-satisfaction techniques. While this is often adequate, it is a rather inexpressive framework that cannot model and solve many spatial reasoning problems; it can also complicate the combination of different spatial formalisms, e.g., the combination of topological with metric primitives, or absolute orientation with relative orientation. Here we suggest an alternative approach, whereby spatial information is expressed in a rich quantified 3-valued logic, equipped with a novel semantics for dealing with incomplete information. Decidability is ensured by a systematic compilation into propositional logic and the use of SAT solvers. To illustrate, we define and implement a new system for two-dimensional positional reasoning that combines Frank’s cardinal-direction calculus, the flip-flop calculus for reasoning about relative orientation, and various new positional primitives. Unlike previous work, the system uses diagrams as well as symbolic formulas. In particular, the logic we introduce is heterogeneous, meaning that it combines symbolic and diagrammatic representation and inference. 1 A Hybrid System For Reasoning
A Study of the Photochemistry of Diazo Meldrum’s Acid by Ultrafast Time-Resolved Spectroscopies (2008)

The photochemistry of Diazo Meldrum's acid (DM) was investigated by fs time-resolved UV-vis and IR spectroscopic methods. UV (266 nm) excitation of DM pumps the molecule to the S 5 and S 7 excited states. After fast internal conversion (IC), the S 2 state is formed, which will undergo Wolff rearrangement to form vibrationally excited ketene, which relaxes in 9 ps. The S 2 state will also relax to the S 1 state, which isomerizes to diazirine, fragments to form carbene, and relaxes further to the ground state of DM. The singlet carbene absorbs at 305 nm, is formed within 300 fs of the laser pulse, and has a lifetime of 2.3 ps in acetonitrile. The lifetime of DM in the S 2 and S 1 states is less than 300 fs. The quantum efficiency of DM decomposition is approximately 50% in chloroform with 266 nm excitation.
Radionuclide Labeling and Imaging of Magnetic Nanoparticles (2018)

Successful translation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for clinical use requires many years of development and iterative design to optimize in vivo characteristics. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) are nuclear imaging techniques which offer unparalleled noninvasive imaging sensitivity. Radiolabeling of nanoparticles (NPs) with positron or gamma emitting radioisotopes allows for the collection of key in vivo information including clearance properties and target tissue accumulation concentration to aid in design optimization and expedite clinical translation. The following chapter details both the advantages of using nuclear imaging for researchers designing MNPs for biomedical applications and offers a roadmap for developing and imaging radiolabeled NPs.