gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Biochemical and Morphological Factors Underlie the Production of Methylketones in Tomato Trichomes (2009)

Genetic analysis of interspecific populations derived from crosses between the wild tomato species Solanum habrochaites f. sp. glabratum, which synthesizes and accumulates insecticidal methylketones (MK), mostly 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone, in glandular trichomes, and cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), which does not, demonstrated that several genetic loci contribute to MK metabolism in the wild species. A strong correlation was found between the shape of the glandular trichomes and their MK content, and significant associations were seen between allelic states of three genes and the amount of MK produced by the plant. Two genes belong to the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, and the third is the previously identified Methylketone Synthase1 (MKS1) that mediates conversion to MK of beta-ketoacyl intermediates. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the glandular trichomes of F2 progeny grouped into low- and high-MK-containing plants identified several additional genes whose transcripts were either more or less abundant in the high-MK bulk. In particular, a wild species-specific transcript for a gene that we named MKS2, encoding a protein with some similarity to a well-characterized bacterial thioesterase, was approximately 300-fold more highly expressed in F2 plants with high MK content than in those with low MK content. Genetic analysis in the segregating population showed that MKS2's significant contribution to MK accumulation is mediated by an epistatic relationship with MKS1. Furthermore, heterologous expression of MKS2 in Escherichia coli resulted in the production of methylketones in this host.
Alliance of Genome Resources Portal: unified model organism research platform (2019)

The Alliance of Genome Resources (Alliance) is a consortium of the major model organism databases and the Gene Ontology that is guided by the vision of facilitating exploration of related genes in human and well-studied model organisms by providing a highly integrated and comprehensive platform that enables researchers to leverage the extensive body of genetic and genomic studies in these organisms. Initiated in 2016, the Alliance is building a central portal (www.alliancegenome.org) for access to data for the primary model organisms along with gene ontology data and human data. All data types represented in the Alliance portal (e.g. genomic data and phenotype descriptions) have common data models and workflows for curation. All data are open and freely available via a variety of mechanisms. Long-term plans for the Alliance project include a focus on coverage of additional model organisms including those without dedicated curation communities, and the inclusion of new data types with a particular focus on providing data and tools for the non-model-organism researcher that support enhanced discovery about human health and disease. Here we review current progress and present immediate plans for this new bioinformatics resource.
Impact Resistance of EBC Coated SiC/SiC Composites (2008)

Impact performance of 2-D woven SiC/SiC composites coated with 225 and 525 m thick environmental barrier coating (EBC) was investigated. The composites were fabricated by melt infiltration and the EBC was deposited by plasma spray. Impact tests were conducted at room temperature and at 1316 C in air using 1.59-mm diameter steel-balls at projectile velocities ranging from 110 to 375 m/s. Both microscopy and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods were used to determine the extent of damage in the substrate and coating with increasing projectile velocity. The impacted specimens were tensile tested at room temperature to determine their residual mechanical properties. At projectile velocities less than 125 m/s, no detectable damage was noticed in the MI SiC/SiC composites coated with 525 m EBC. With increase in projectile velocity beyond this value, spallation of EBC layers, delamination of fiber plies, and fiber fracture were detected. At a fixed projectile velocity, the composites coated with 525 m EBC showed less damage than the composite coated with 225 m EBC. Both types of EBC coated composites retained a large fraction of the baseline properties of as-fabricated composites and exhibited non-brittle failure after impact testing at projectile velocities up to 375 m/s. Exposure of impact tested specimens in a moisture environment at 1316 C for 500 hr indicated that the through-the-thickness cracks in the EBC coating and delamination cracks in the substrate generated after impact testing acted as conduits for internal oxidation.
Fluorescence-Activated Droplet Sorting for Single-Cell Directed Evolution (2019)

Synthetic biology aims to improve human health and the environment by repurposing biological enzymes for use in practical applications. However, natural enzymes often function with suboptimal activity when engineered into biological pathways or challenged to recognize unnatural substrates. Overcoming this problem requires efficient directed evolution methods for discovering new enzyme variants that function with a desired activity. Here, we describe the construction, validation, and application of a fluorescence-activated droplet sorting (FADS) instrument that was established to evolve enzymes for synthesizing and modifying artificial genetic polymers (XNAs). The microfluidic system enables droplet sorting at ∼2-3 kHz using fluorescent sensors that are responsive to enzymatic activity. The ability to evolve nucleic acid enzymes with customized properties will uniquely drive emerging applications in synthetic biology, biotechnology, and healthcare.
Calcium Fortification of Rice: Distribution and Retention (1996)

ABSTRACT A method of calcium fortification of milled rice was developed and tests conducted to investigate calcium distribution and retention. Milled rice (Karen variety) was soaked in 3.0% calcium lactate solution (CLS)(rice: CLS, 1.0:0.75 w/v) for 3 hr at room temperature followed by steaming 10 min at 0.68 atm, and drying to 10–11% moisture. Washing fortified rice resulted in calcium losses of ∼5%. Calcium fortified rice flour samples after dialysis, retained ∼60% of original calcium. Fortification process met U.S. standards for calcium‐fortified rice (110–220 mg/100g rice) and resulted in minimal washing losses.
Role of CTLA4-lg on induction of unresponsiveness to multiple minor alloantigens (1994)

LPS blasts inhibited graft rejection in multiple minor incompatible strain combinations but not in presensitized animals or in major histoincompatible combinations.
Innovative Green Solution for Gas Condensate Blockage Removal (2019)

Abstract Condensate blockage presents a serious production problem due to loss of gas productivity. Several methods have been proposed to resolve condensate blockage to restore the well productivity, most commonly used technique is hydraulic fracturing. Although, it is most commonly used, it is not always feasible and favorable due to its inclusion of costly chemicals such as surfactants, which could also be as hazardous material. Our objective in the current study, is replacing such surfactants with natural green surfactants which are more economical and environmentally friendly. Interfacial tension and contact angle experiments were carried out to examine the efficiency of two different natural green surfactants in comparison to two commonly used chemical surfactants in fracturing fluids. The results revealed that natural green surfactant is efficient in reducing the interfacial tension by 74.1% compared to 94.8% when using alcohol-based surfactants. Moreover, the natural green surfactant showed stronger effect in altering the surface wettability in sandstone formations towards strongly water-wet with a contact angle reduction of 61% compared to 32% in the case of alcohol-based surfactants. Based on the concentration used here, the natural green surfactants are more cost-effective, a product cost reduction of more than 50% can be obtained. Being efficient in reducing the interfacial tension, altering the surface wettability towards stronger water-wet, abundant in nature, environmentally friendly, and, cheaper cost, this new proposed natural surfactant can replace the currently used chemical surfactants for condensate bloackage.
Antimicrobial Properties of Anodized Titanium Components Used in a Combination Device (2020)

ASTM F2312-11, Standard Terminology Relating to Tissue Engineered Medical Products, defines a combination product as a product composed of biological and biomaterial components that may be mixed to produce a single entity. Unalloyed titanium represents a commonly used biomaterial that may be fabricated into a medical device containing a biologic or drug component. The current research documents the antimicrobial properties of a pulse-anodized crystalline titanium film that may be part of a combination device. A titanium oxide antimicrobial response may be elicited when an anatase or rutile crystallographic structure is activated in the near-ultraviolent wavelength between 350 and 380 nm. Prevailing theory suggests that light activation of titanium oxide disrupts the outer and inner cell membranes, which suppress bacterial activity. Various titanium oxide film parameters were determined after commercially pure titanium coupons were alkaline cleaned, immersed in nitric-hydrofluoric acid pretreatment, and anodized in sulfuric acid. Anodizing parameters such as waveform, electrolyte concentration, and duty cycle were modified to produce an anatase film that was either gold or dark green. X-ray diffraction, surface porosity, surface roughness, surface topography, antimicrobial activity, and bioactivity of pulse-anodized titanium implant films are characterized in the current study. Statistically significant antimicrobial activity was achieved in the presence of Streptococcus sanguinis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cell cultures incubated to 108 CFU/mL. Major advantages are documented for an antimicrobial anodized film that may be present on a titanium combination device component.
A Convenient Synthetic Approach to Bis‐Functionalized Quaterfluorenes (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclic Wiener filtering based multirate DS-CDMA receivers (2003)

Detection methods for multiple rate direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) signalling are addressed. Attention is focused on the development of receivers based on the minimum mean squared error (MMSE). Due to the cyclostationarity of the multirate signal, a representation of the multirate signal in terms of the Fourier basis is possible. This expansion facilitates construction of the MMSE receivers. Both variable spreading gain as well as variable chipping rate DS-CDMA access schemes are considered. For the multiple chipping rate system, the effect of the front-end filter bandwidth on the receiver performance is studied. Simulation results are provided to compare the performance of the proposed receivers.
The MHC Class I Homolog of Human Cytomegalovirus Is Resistant to Down-Regulation Mediated by the Unique Short Region Protein (US)2, US3, US6, and US11 Gene Products (2002)

Human CMV encodes four unique short region proteins (US), US2, US3, US6, and US11, each independently sufficient for causing the down-regulation of MHC class I molecules on the cell surface. This down-regulation allows infected cells to evade recognition by cytotoxic T cells but leaves them susceptible to NK cells, which lyse cells that lack class I molecules. Another human CMV-encoded protein, unique long region protein 18 (UL18), is an MHC class I homolog that might provide a mechanism for inhibiting the NK cell response. The sequence similarities between MHC class I molecules and UL18 along with the ability of UL18 to form trimeric complexes with beta(2)-microglobulin and peptides led to the hypothesis that if the US and UL18 gene products coexist temporally during infection, the US proteins might down-regulate UL18 molecules, similar to their action on MHC class I molecules. We show here that temporal expression of US and UL18 genes partially overlaps during infection. However, unlike MHC class I molecules, the MHC class I homolog, UL18, is fully resistant to the down-regulation associated with the US2, US3, US6, and US11 gene products. The specific effect of US proteins on MHC class I molecules, but not on UL18, represents another example of how viral proteins have evolved to evade immune surveillance, avoiding fratricide by specifically targeting host proteins.
A system for remote monitoring of mental effort (2016)

Real-time monitoring of mental effort enables the possibility of dynamically adapting the challenge of a task given to an individual, thereby maintaining the skill-challenge balance. In this paper we propose a remote monitoring system for assessing mental effort or cognitive load using low cost Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensor. The variations in the skin conductance level measured using the GSR signal, is used to generate a score in real-time, which reflects the level of mental load experienced by an individual. This score gives an additional information about the efforts given by the participants and hence is an important value addition for assessing one's mental workload while doing any task. The score is initially transmitted to a mobile gateway device for local monitoring and later transmitted to a backend server for offline analysis and tracking of the performance over a period of time.
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) tungsten nano-electromechanical transistors (2010)

In this paper a relatively simple, CMOS compatible, top-down nano-fabrication process used in the fabrication of 3-terminal NEMS switches is introduced. The process is low-temperature, using atomic layer deposition tungsten (WALD) deposited at 120°C as the structural material. In addition, the unique use of electron beam lithography in conjunction with reactive ion etching (RIE) and lift-off techniques enable simple and reliable fabrication of n-terminal devices with up to n-different terminal/source gap heights. With this process, novel 3-terminal WALD NEMS switches analogous to NMOS transistors have been successfully fabricated, and switching behavior characterized. The devices are easily reproducible from chip-to-chip, have a much higher yield when compared to similar devices fabricated by bottom-up or top-down processes, and have demonstrated actuation voltages that are superior to thin-film (TF) or carbon nano-tube (CNT) based switches.
Data for: Effect of He-Ne laser irradiation on embryonic development in chicken eggs Short title: Photobiomodulation and chicken eggs (2020)

This study investigated the influence of He-Ne laser irradiation at different doses during the developmental process of chicken embryos. Freshly fertilized chicken eggs were exposed during the first 48 hours post-laying to laser radiation at a wavelength of 632 nm with different laser doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 1 and 2 mJ/cm2) for different times (20-400 secs) from a He-Ne laser. Following exposure, the eggs were incubated till the 11th day without laser radiation, when the. embryos were removed from the eggs and studied blind. Each of the exposed groups revealed some developmental anomalies compared with the respective sham–exposed control group. There was some dose-response evident with the highest incidence of abnormalities being 6/50 or 12% in the 2 mJ/cm2 group. Histopathological features were examined in the chick embryos using optical microscopy of stained slides. The distribution of naturally occurring apoptosis in chick embryos was studied by electron microscopic imaging. Significantly elevated levels of circulating cytokines (IL-2 and INF- γ) were found in exposed groups compared to sham–exposed embryos. Collectively, these results suggest that exposure to the higher doses of laser can provoke irreparable developmental alterations, and may have implications for photobiomodulation therapy.
Synthesis of a Valuable Precursor for the Preparation of Novel Quinolone Glycosides (1990)

The synthesis of a valuable key intermediate, 1-(2,3,4, 6-tetra-O;-acetyl-ß-D-glycopyranosyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-6, 7,8-trifluoro-4-quinolone, for the preparation of novel quinolone nucleosides is described starting from the reaction of ethyl 2-ethoxymethylene-3-oxo- 3-(2,3,4,5-tetrafluorophenyl) propanoate and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O;-acetyl-ß-D-glucopyranosylamine.
A New Topology of DC-DC Converter Based On Piezoelectric Resonator (2020)

This paper presents a new topology of DC-DC converter based on a piezoelectric resonator (PR). We introduce the principle conversion and an analytical model in steady state operating. A prototype was fabricated for experimental validation, and the first results demonstrate the conversion principle. The proposed prototype, operating initially in radial mode, achieved an efficiency higher than 95% for power conversion up to 10 W at 120 - 48 V input-output voltage, and an efficiency of 93% was measured for 16 W. Furthermore, an efficiency of 85 % at output power of 38 W was achieved by parallelizing 3-PRs. In addition, the thickness operating mode is demonstrated at 1 MHz, and exhibited an output power of 40 W with an efficiency of 85 % for 120 - 48 V input-output voltage, and a peak output power is obtained at 80 W. A peak output power of 100 W is reached for input-output voltage of 200- 60 V with an efficiency of 83.5 %. These first results showed good performances for DC-DC converter based on a PR well matched for high-to-low voltage conversion and low power conversion.
B5G and 6G: Next Generation Wireless Communications Technologies, Demand and Challenges (2021)

The Fifth Generation (5G) is now have been implemented in some countries and will be progressing according to its plan to be commercialized worldwide soon. Nevertheless, many research institutions around the world have now started to look Beyond 5G (B5G) and Sixth-Generation (6G) where these could be the next generation of wireless communications technologies. The demand for wireless connectivity has grown exponentially over the last few decades, to meet the demands of future connectivity a significant improvement needs to be made in communications technologies. A new paradigm of wireless communication, the 6G system, with the full support of massive multiple inputs multiple-output (MIMO) system and millimeter-Wave (mmWave), is expected to be implemented between 2027 and 2030. B5G, some fundamental issues that need to be addressed are higher system capacity, higher data rate, lower latency, higher security, and improved quality of service (QoS) compared to the 5G system. This paper focusses on the discussion of the potential of 6G wireless communication and its network demands and challenges including mmWave, terahertz communications and massive MIMO systems.
Crude oil biodegradation by a mixed bacterial culture (2000)

Mixed cultures with broad substrate specificity usually form the basis for biological methods used for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated wastes. Bow River crude oil was used as a model substrate for the study of microbe-microbe and microbe-substrate interactions in batch fermentation systems. Substrate availability limited the mixed-bacterial culture due to hydrocarbon insolubility. A method of improving biodegradation through the use of chemical surfactants was tested. A hydrophile-lipophile balance of 13 led to optimum enhancement at supra-critical micellization concentrations not exceeding a critical level, as indicated by the results of a detailed study with nonylphenol ethoxylates. A broad variety of trypticase soy agar-culturable bacteria was contained in the culture. Initially, Pseudomonas Flavimonas and Stenotrophomonas spp. dominated in the fermentations with different hydrocarbon mixtures. The lag time of Stenotrophomonas sp. and exposure to Bow River saturates selected for an Acinetobacter calcoacetius strain were increased by a chemical surfactant. Following prolonged incubation, a greater variety of mainly non-hydrocarbon degrading bacteria were isolated in each case. Low molecular weight volatile hydrocarbons were degraded in closed systems and the greatest activity from the culture occurred against the saturate and aromatic fractions. To monitor volatile hydrocarbon degradation in live cultures at 30 degrees Celsius, a rapid and sensitive solid phase microextraction methodology was developed. Only the cultures grown on crude oil in sealed flasks, or in open flasks amended with yeast extract retained their volatile hydrocarbon-degrading capabilities. Correlated with reduced proportions of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in biodegradation flasks, metabolic capacity decreased with inoculum age. The degradation hierarchy and chemical surfactant effects were confirmed by pure and co-culture studies. The presence of a chemical surfactant greatly enhanced crude oil biodegradation by a non-adherent, non-emulsifying, accession-limited Pseudomonas sp. An adherent mycolic acid-capsule producing Rhodococcus sp. able to emulsify oil slightly enhanced degradation by this strain in the absence of chemical surfactant. Rhodococcus sp. was inactive against aromatics.
Risk Management of Sport Facilities (1992)

Persons who engage in activities involving personal risk have increasingly greater expectations concerning their safety and are litigating in increasing numbers. Sport is inherently risky for the participants, officials, and even spectators. However, not all of the injuries that occur as a result of engaging in these inherently risky activities are inevitable. Many of the inherent risks of sport activities are preventable, and risks can be controlled by managers of sport facilities. Unfortunately, one cannot prevent the initiation of lawsuits, but one can prevent litigation losses. This article discusses some of the practical aspects of risk management of sport facilities in colleges and universities.
Structure property relations of BST thin films (2001)

Abstract We report on the properties of thin BST films which were grown in a planetary multi-wafer MOCVD reactor which handles 5 six inch wafers simultaneously. The reactor is combined with a liquid delivery system which mixes the liquid precursors from three different sources: 0.35 molar solutions of Ba(thd)2 and Sr(thd)2 and a 0.4 molar solution of Ti(O-i-Pr)2(thd)2. Film growth on strongly (111)-textured Pt substrates is investigated within a wide parameter field. We focus on the properties of films with the composition Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 and thickness between 10 and 130 nm. Topics to be discussed include: the change of the texture of the BST films, which is (100) for deposition temperatures above 600°C and changes to a random orientation at lower temperature, and a comparison of planar films with films on structured substrates. The electrical properties, e.g., permittivity and leakage current, are discussed in relation to the microstructure.