gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafiltration of Surfactant and Aromatic/Surfactant Solutions Using Ceramic Membranes (1996)

Rejection and permeate flux taken together establish the efficiency of an ultrafiltration separation. The controllable factors that may influence the efficiency are systematically studied. These factors include transmembrane pressure, recirculation rate, membrane pore size, and solute and surfactant structure and concentration. Experiments carried out using both cationic and nonionic surfactants show that rejection decreases and permeate flux increases with membranes of increasing pore sizes. However, for the large pore size membrane (200 Å), it is also observed that rejection increases and permeate flux decreases as the filtration proceeds. These unexpected results suggest that micelles penetrate and accumulate into the larger pores, thereby reducing the effective membrane pore size. Depending on the molecular structure and concentration of the surfactant, rejection as high as 99.9% is achieved with a ceramic membrane having 65 Å pores. Permeate fluxes between 30 and 70% of pure water are observed. The addition of a solute tends to improve surfactant rejection and to decrease the permeate flux. Solute rejection increases with surfactant concentration and hydrophobicity. Solubilization isotherms determined here by ultrafiltration are shown to be in agreement with isotherms obtained with head space gas chromatography.
Dynamic self-assembly of DNA minor groove-binding ligand DB921 into nanotubes triggered by an alkali halide (2018)

We describe a novel self-assembling supramolecular nanotube system formed by a heterocyclic cationic molecule which was originally designed for its potential as an antiparasitic and DNA sequence recognition agent. Our structural characterisation work indicates that the nanotubes form via a hierarchical assembly mechanism that can be triggered and tuned by well-defined concentrations of simple alkali halide salts in water. The nanotubes assembled in NaCl have inner and outer diameters of ca. 22 nm and 26 nm respectively, with lengths that reach into several microns. Our results suggest the tubes consist of DB921 molecules stacked along the direction of the nanotube long axis. The tubes are stabilised by face-to-face π-π stacking and ionic interactions between the charged amidinium groups of the ligand and the negative halide ions. The assembly process of the nanotubes was followed using small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering, transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy. Our data demonstrate that assembly occurs through the formation of intermediate ribbon-like structures that in turn form helices that tighten and compact to form the final stable filament. This assembly process was tested using different alkali-metal salts, showing a strong preference for chloride or bromide anions and with little dependency on the type of cation. Our data further demonstrates the existence of a critical anion concentration above which the rate of self-assembly is greatly enhanced.
Effect of fibronectin on the binding of antithrombin III to immobilized heparin (1996)

An objective of this research is to verify the mechanism of anticoagulant activity of surface-immobilized heparin in the presence of plasma proteins. The competition and binding interaction between immobilized heparin and antithrombin III (ATIII)/thrombin have been described in vitro. However, the strong ionic character of heparin leads to its specific and nonspecific binding with many other plasma proteins. Most notably, fibronectin contains six active binding sites for heparin which may interfere with the subsequent binding of heparin with ATIII or thrombin. Heparin was covalently immobilized through polyethylene oxide (PEO) hydrophilic spacer groups onto a model surface synthesized by random copolymerization of styrene and p-aminostyrene. The binding interaction of immobilized heparin with ATIII was then determined in the presence of different fibronectin concentrations. The binding interaction was studied by first binding immobilized heparin with ATIII, followed by the introduction of fibronectin; heparin binding with fibronectin, followed by incubation with ATIII, and simultaneous incubation of surface immobilized heparin with ATIII and fibronectin. The extent of ATIII binding to heparin in each experiment was assayed using a chromogenic substrate for ATIII, S-2238. The results of this study demonstrate that the displacement of ATIII from immobilized heparin was proportional to the fibronectin concentration, and was reversible. Furthermore, the binding sequence did not play a role in the final concentration of ATIII bound to immobilized heparin.
Infants and Young Children with Children's Interstitial Lung Disease (2010)

Though interstitial lung disease (ILD) can occur at any age in children, disorders more common in infancy and young children have received increased attention as an important group that is disproportionally affected, linked to lung development and lung injury, and represents disorders not seen in adult ILD. Identifying those children with potential children's ILD (chILD) and establishing a specific chILD diagnosis has evolved and is critical for pediatric pulmonologists, neonatologists, radiologists, and pathologists to recognize. Specific disorders more common in infancy include diffuse developmental disorders, growth abnormalities, pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis, neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy, and surfactant mutation dysfunction mutations. The presentation, evaluation, treatment, and clinical course are discussed for each of these specific disorders and other categories less common in infants and young children are briefly mentioned. Resources for physicians and families are also reviewed.
A Comparison Study of Bessel SWEI and Supersonic Shear Imaging: Energy and Contrast Evaluations (2021)

Acoustic radiation force (ARF) induced Shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) is a noninvasive method to characterize pathological tissues. Conventionally, ARF is generated by focused beam with limited depth of focus. Supersonic shear imaging (SSI) uses multiple push-beam foci to achieve larger depth of field (DoF) elastograms. Here, we propose a SWEI method based on Bessel apodized ARF to generate larger DoF with lower energy. As a result, Bessel elastogram in gel phantom shows 19% higher contrast-to-noise ration (CNR) and 95% lower energy than SSI. Furthermore, Bessel elastogram in porcine liver shows 61% higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and 56% lower energy than SSI.
Tunable squeezing using coupled ring resonators on a silicon nitride chip (2015)

We demonstrate continuous tuning of the squeezing-level generated in a double-ring optical parametric oscillator by externally controlling the coupling condition using electrically controlled integrated microheaters. We accomplish this by utilizing the avoided crossing exhibited by a pair of coupled silicon nitride microring resonators. We directly detect a change in the squeezing level from 0.5 dB in the undercoupled regime to 2 dB in the overcoupled regime, which corresponds to a change in the generated on-chip squeezing factor from 0.9 to 3.9 dB. Such wide tunability in the squeezing level can be harnessed for on-chip quantum-enhanced sensing protocols that require an optimal degree of squeezing.
Analysis on the Effect of Dataset Differences for Object Recognition -For the Case of Recognition Methods Based on Exact Matching of Feature Vectors- (2011)

Specific object recognition methods based on exact matching of feature vectors are known as one of methods which can achieve high recognition performance for large-scale 3D specific object recognition. Since there are few common 3D object datasets whose size is sufficient to explore the effect of difference of object dataset composition and the effect of increasing number of objects for recognition, these effects for specific object recognition methods based on exact matching of feature vectors are discussed insufficiently. The number of objects in famous datasets (e.g., COIL-100) is around 100. Therefore, in this research, we prepare the dataset of 1002 3D objects by ourselves. In this paper, we will discuss the effect of dataset differences, which are based on object structure, texture and the number of objects, for those methods such as the method based on the Bloomier filter and the method based on a hash table with this dataset in addition to COIL-100.
Coming out ahead with the Clean Air Act (1992)

This paper reports that the Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments of 1990 require utilities to reduce the constituents of acid rain, sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}), and nitrous oxides (NO{sub x}). Reduction strategies involve modifications to all aspects of the operating system, from the boiler proper and associated equipment, fuel systems, existing pollution control equipment and controls. Millions of dollars will be spent on these modifications. To recoup some of these costs, it is economically beneficial to make performance upgrades at the same outage. The potential savings can come in many different ways including: Improving efficiency; Reducing forced outages; Increasing capacity; Piggy-backing outages. Boiler modelling to verify furnace exit gas temperatures for a fuel switching or gas conversion analysis can also be used to determine the adequacy of materials throughout the boiler.
Correction: Whole-Genome Sequencing of Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (2017)

In this article (Cancer Prev Res 2016;9:265–74), which was published in the April 2016 issue of Cancer Prevention Research (1), Shizhang Ling should have been included as an author in the print byline. The corrected author list, along with corresponding affiliations, is provided below.Eleni M. Rettig1, C. Conover Talbot Jr2, Mark Sausen3, Sian Jones3, Justin A. Bishop4, Laura D. Wood4, Collin Tokheim5, Noushin Niknafs5, Rachel Karchin5,6, Elana J. Fertig7, Sarah J. Wheelan6, Luigi Marchionni6, Michael Considine7, Shizhang Ling1, Carole Fakhry1,8, Nickolas Papadopoulos9, Kenneth W. Kinzler9, Bert Vogelstein9, Patrick K. Ha1,8, and Nishant Agrawal1,9,101Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 2Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 3Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, Maryland. 4Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 5Johns Hopkins Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. 6Department of Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 7Department of Oncology Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 8Milton J. Dance Jr. Head and Neck Cancer Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland. 9Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 10Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.Consequently, the authors’ contributions as they appear in print are incomplete. S. Ling is credited with the following contributions: Administrative, technical, or material support (i.e., reporting or organizing data, constructing databases); Study supervision.The disclosure of potential conflicts of interest as it appears in print remains unchanged. S. Ling discloses no potential conflicts of interest.The online version of the article has been changed to reflect the content of this correction. The authors regret this omission.
Additions and Corrections - Chemical Synthesis and Structure Proof of a Stereoregular Linear Mannan, Poly-α-(1→6')-anhydro-D-mannopyranose (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections - Chemical Synthesis and Structure Proof of a Stereoregular Linear Mannan, Poly-α-(1→6')-anhydro-D-mannopyranose Jean Frechet and Conrad SchuerchCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 20, 5697Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1969Publication History Published online26 April 2004Published inissue 1 September 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01048a606https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01048a606research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views33Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Precision Sub-Nyquist Sampling System Based on Modulated Wideband Converter for Communication Device Testing (2021)

This paper proposes a new method of constructing a compensation filter for the modulated wideband converter (MWC) system. The proposed method can be directly used in the MWC circuit without disconnecting any components. Furthermore, the non-ideal transfer characteristics of the real mixer output and the real ADC input are taken into account in the proposed compensation filter. The proposed method can be utilized in the advanced MWC that enables more flexibility in the design parameters of the MWC. This paper also demonstrates the reconstruction of the Bluetooth signal as a practical example for the evaluation of the reconstruction performance. The MWC successfully reconstructs the time-domain waveform of the signal based on the proposed compensation filter. Even in the case that the total effective number of channels in MWC is small as close to the necessary condition of the MWC, the error vector magnitude (EVM) was still under 1&#x0025;, which is acceptable for Bluetooth device testing applications.
Genetic and epigenetic analysis of non-small cell lung cancer with NotI-microarrays (2012)

This study aimed to clarify genetic and epigenetic alterations that occur during lung carcinogenesis and to design perspective sets of newly identified biomarkers. The original method includes chromosome 3 specific NotI-microarrays containing 180 NotI clones associated with genes for hybridization with 40 paired normal/tumor DNA samples of primary lung tumors: 28 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 12 adenocarcinomas (ADC). The NotI-microarray data were confirmed by qPCR and bisulfite sequencing analyses. Forty-four genes showed methylation and/or deletions in more than 15% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples. In general, SCC samples were more frequently methylated/deleted than ADC. Moreover, the SCC alterations were observed already at stage I of tumor development, whereas in ADC many genes showed tumor progression specific methylation/deletions. Among genes frequently methylated/deleted in NSCLC, only a few were already known tumor suppressor genes: RBSP3 (CTDSPL), VHL and THRB. The RPL32, LOC285205, FGD5 and other genes were previously not shown to be involved in lung carcinogenesis. Ten methylated genes, i.e., IQSEC1, RBSP3, ITGA 9, FOXP1, LRRN1, GNAI2, VHL, FGD5, ALDH1L1 and BCL6 were tested for expression by qPCR and were found downregulated in the majority of cases. Three genes (RBSP3, FBLN2 and ITGA9) demonstrated strong cell growth inhibition activity. A comprehensive statistical analysis suggested the set of 19 gene markers, ANKRD28, BHLHE40, CGGBP1, RBSP3, EPHB1, FGD5, FOXP1, GORASP1/TTC21, IQSEC1, ITGA9, LOC285375, LRRC3B, LRRN1, MITF, NKIRAS1/RPL15, TRH, UBE2E2, VHL, WNT7A, to allow early detection, tumor progression, metastases and to discriminate between SCC and ADC with sensitivity and specificity of 80-100%.
vlsAntigenic Variation Systems of Lyme DiseaseBorrelia: Eluding Host Immunity through both Random, Segmental Gene Conversion and Framework Heterogeneity (2014)

Spirochetes that cause Lyme borreliosis (also called Lyme disease) possess the vls locus, encoding an elaborate antigenic variation system. This locus contains the expression site vlsE as well as a contiguous array of vls silent cassettes, which contain variations of the central cassette region of vlsE. The locus is present on one of the many linear plasmids in the organism, e.g. plasmid lp28-1 in the strain Borrelia burgdorferi B31. Changes in the sequence of vlsE occur continuously during mammalian infection and consist of random, segmental, unidirectional recombination events between the silent cassettes and the cassette region of vlsE. These gene conversion events do not occur during in vitro culture or the tick portion of the infection cycle of B. burgdorferi or the other related Borrelia species that cause Lyme disease. The mechanism of recombination is largely unknown, but requires the RuvAB Holliday junction branch migrase. Other features of the vls locus also appear to be required, including cis locations of vlsE and the silent cassettes and high G+C content and GC skew. The vls system is required for long-term survival of Lyme Borrelia in infected mammals and represents an important mechanism of immune evasion. In addition to sequence variation, immune selection also results in significant heterogeneity in the sequence of the surface lipoprotein VlsE. Despite antigenic variation, VlsE generates a robust antibody response, and both full-length VlsE and the C6 peptide (corresponding to invariant region 6) are widely used in immunodiagnostic tests for Lyme disease.
PrP Conformational Transitions Alter Species Preference of a PrP-specific Antibody (2010)

The epitope of the 3F4 antibody most commonly used in human prion disease diagnosis is believed to consist of residues Met-Lys-His-Met (MKHM) corresponding to human PrP-(109-112). This assumption is based mainly on the observation that 3F4 reacts with human and hamster PrP but not with PrP from mouse, sheep, and cervids, in which Met at residue 112 is replaced by Val. Here we report that, by brain histoblotting, 3F4 did not react with PrP of uninfected transgenic mice expressing elk PrP; however, it did show distinct immunoreactivity in transgenic mice infected with chronic wasting disease. Compared with human PrP, the 3F4 reactivity with the recombinant elk PrP was 2 orders of magnitude weaker, as indicated by both Western blotting and surface plasmon resonance. To investigate the molecular basis of these species- and conformer-dependent preferences of 3F4, the epitope was probed by peptide membrane array and antigen competition experiments. Remarkably, the 3F4 antibody did not react with MKHM but reacted strongly with KTNMK (corresponding to human PrP-(106-110)), a sequence that is also present in cervids, sheep, and cattle. 3F4 also reacted with elk PrP peptides containing KTNMKHV. We concluded that the minimal sequence for the 3F4 epitope consists of residues KTNMK, and the species- and conformer-dependent preferences of 3F4 arise largely from the interactions between Met(112) (human PrP) or Val(115) (cervid PrP) and adjacent residues.
Disassembling Metal Nanocrystallites into Sub‐nanometric Clusters and Low‐faceted Nanoparticles for Multisite Catalytic Reactions (2017)

Abstract Metal nanocrystallites present saturated atoms, in planes, and unsaturated metal atoms, in corners and vertices, for catalytic applications. However, both sites are spatially complementary and simultaneously excluding for a given particle, thus their number cannot be independently maximized for a catalytic process. Here, it is shown that the independent dosage of Au clusters and metallic Au nanoparticles dramatically improves the catalytic activity of Au for the Sonogashira reaction, enabling the coupling of a wide range of iodo‐, bromo‐, and activated chloro‐derivatives with aromatic and aliphatic alkynes, and outperforming ligand‐free Pd and Cu catalysts. Mechanistic studies reveal that the unsaturated atoms of the cluster activate the alkyne and that the saturated atoms of the metallic nanoparticle preferentially activate the halide, to finally perform the coupling. Thus, a precise combination of sub‐nanometric metal clusters and metal nanoparticles, together, constitute a new catalytic strategy to substitute metal nanocrystallites in reactions in which both unsaturated and saturated atoms play a key role.
Discovery of 2-(Phenoxypyridine)-3-phenylureas as Small Molecule P2Y1 Antagonists (2013)

Two distinct G protein-coupled purinergic receptors, P2Y1 and P2Y12, mediate ADP-driven platelet activation. The clinical effectiveness of P2Y12 blockade is well established. Recent preclinical data suggest that P2Y1 and P2Y12 inhibition provide equivalent antithrombotic efficacy, while targeting P2Y1 has the potential for reduced bleeding liability. In this account, the discovery of a 2-(phenoxypyridine)-3-phenylurea chemotype that inhibited ADP-mediated platelet aggregation in human blood samples is described. Optimization of this series led to the identification of compound 16, 1-(2-(2-tert-butylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-3-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylurea, which demonstrated a 68 ± 7% thrombus weight reduction in an established rat arterial thrombosis model (10 mg/kg plus 10 mg/kg/h) while only prolonging cuticle and mesenteric bleeding times by 3.3- and 3.1-fold, respectively, in provoked rat bleeding time models. These results suggest that a P2Y1 antagonist could potentially provide a safe and efficacious antithrombotic profile.
Initialisation of Grid-Connected Wind Turbine Models in Power-System Simulations (2003)

This paper describes a method of initialising dynamic wind turbine models in power-system simulations. The method uses grid-status information to initialise the grid-connected wind turbine model. The goal is to start a power-system simulation in a stationary state, without unnecessary transient behaviour at the beginning of the simulation. Correct initialisation is necessary to reach quickly the steady state of the grid-connected wind turbine, before a real transient on the grid occurs. Consequently, the dynamic performance of the system can be independently and accurately evaluated. The method presented considers wind turbines with directly grid-connected induction generators, with constant or variable blade angle (passive stall control, blade angle control or active stall control). These aspects apply to both constant and variable speed wind turbines. The investigation is performed in the commercial dedicated power-system simulation-tool DIgSILENT. Attention is especially drawn to the initialisation of the non-electrical parts of the wind turbine. The suitability of this initialisation strategy is illustrated by an example.