gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An End-to-End Tool Flow for FPGA-Accelerated Scientific Computing (2011)

Editor's note:As part of their ongoing work with the National Science Foundation (NSF) Center for High-Performance Reconfigurable Computing (CHREC), the authors are developing a complete tool chain for FPGA-based acceleration of scientific computing, from early-stage assessment of applications down to rapid routing. This article provides an overview of this tool chain.—George A. Constantinides (Imperial College London) and Nicola Nicolici (McMaster University)
Expression of LHRH receptors in prostate cancer cells prior to therapy, following castration, or following treatment with LHRH agonists (2009)

5163 Background: In the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, the effects of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists are mediated through the down-regulation of pituitary LHRH receptors, inhibiting the pituitary-gonadal axis. Several groups have demonstrated LHRH receptor expression on prostate cancer cells. These tumoral receptors have been shown to mediate direct inhibitory effects in vitro. That expression of LHRH receptors persists in the castrate resistant state. To date, there is no information on LHRH receptor expression on the prostate after LHRH agonist therapy. This study investigates the expression of LHRH receptors following prolonged exposure to LHRH agonists. Methods: Expression of LHRH receptors was determined using immunohistochemistry and the intensity was graded on a scale from zero to 3. The expression was analyzed in three cohorts of patients: (1) 47 men with localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy with no hormone therapy, (2) 61 men with localized prostate cancer treated with neoadjuvant LHRH agonists for varying duration prior to prostatectomy, and (3) 22 men with metastatic prostate cancer who received a palliative transurethral resection of the prostate after clinical progression. In the final cohort, 15 men were treated with castration and 7 were treated with LHRH agonists. Results: 45 of 47 hormone naïve samples (95.7%) demonstrated LHRH receptor expression. Statistical analysis revealed a correlation between strong receptor expression and higher pathologic tumor stage as well as shorter overall survival. 60 of 61 samples treated with neoadjuvant LHRH agonist therapy (98.4%) demonstrated LHRH receptor expression. All 22 samples from patients with metastatic disease demonstrated LHRH receptor expression. The majority of these samples demonstrated moderate to strong intensity. Conclusions: LHRH receptors are expressed on prostate cancers cells of hormone naïve and castrated patients. The expression of these receptors appears to persist despite prolonged treatment with LHRH agonists. The continued expression of these receptors supports the concept of targeting prostatic LHRH receptors to deliver cytotoxic therapy based on LHRH analogs, such as AN-152. [Table: see text]
Application of multisegment injection on quantification of creatinine and standard addition analysis of urinary 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid simultaneously with creatinine normalization (2019)

In this paper, the development of a simple dilute-and-shoot method for quantifying urinary creatinine by CE-ESI-MS was described. The creatinine analysis time was about 7 min/sample by conventional single injection (SI) method and can be significantly reduced to less than 2 min/sample with multi-segment injection (MSI). In addition, the standard addition analysis of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) and creatinine normalization was performed within one run by the MSI technique, and the total analysis time was 14-min faster compared to the SI method for analyzing the same set of samples. The uses of isotopic and non-isotopic internal standards (ISs) were compared. Creatinine-(methyl-<sup>13</sup> C) and 5-hydroxyindole-4,6,7-D<sub>3</sub> -3-acetic-D<sub>2</sub> acid (5-HIAA-D<sub>5</sub> ) used as isotopic ISs can provide both accurate and precise results. In contrast, 1,5,5-trimethylhydantoin (1,5,5-TH) used as the non-isotopic IS for creatinine may cause a bias of over 13% in SI method and even worse when the MSI technique was used. Another compound, 2-methyl-3-indoleacetic acid (2-MIAA), was determined not suitable for MSI analysis of 5-HIAA due to endogenous interferences despite its acceptable performance in conventional methods of analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION VIA A NEW NICKEL‐CATALYZED PROCESS AND VIA THE S(RN)1 REACTION. IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF CEPHALOTAXINONE (1974)

Abstract 3,4‐Methylendioxy‐phenylessigsäure (Ia) wird zum Carbinol (Ib) reduziert und dann zu (IIa) jodiert, das zum Ester (IIb) umgesetzt werden kann.
Functional Consequences of Memory Inflation after Solid Organ Transplantation (2021)

CMV is a major infectious complication following solid organ transplantation. Reactivation of CMV leads to memory inflation, a process in which CD8 T cells expand over time. Memory inflation is associated with specific changes in T cell function, including increased oligoclonality, decreased cytokine production, and terminal differentiation. To address whether memory inflation during the first year after transplantation in human subjects alters T cell differentiation and function, we employed single-cell-matched TCRαβ and targeted gene expression sequencing. Expanded T cell clones exhibited a terminally differentiated, immunosenescent, and polyfunctional phenotype whereas rare clones were less differentiated. Clonal expansion occurring between pre- and 3 mo posttransplant was accompanied by enhancement of polyfunctionality. In contrast, polyfunctionality and differentiation state were largely maintained between 3 and 12 mo posttransplant. Highly expanded clones had a higher degree of polyfunctionality than rare clones. Thus, CMV-responsive CD8 T cells differentiated during the pre- to posttransplant period then maintained their differentiation state and functional capacity despite posttransplant clonal expansion.
Thermopower of single-crystalNd1−x(Sr,Pb)xMnO3−δ (1996)

We report measurements of the thermopower of the single-crystal manganite perovskite ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{(\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{b})}_{x}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ from 4.2 to 350 K at zero and finite magnetic field. The sign and magnitude of the thermopower above the magnetic transition are doping dependent. The magnitude of the thermopower drops sharply below the transition to the magnetically ordered state. At lower temperatures the thermopower changes sign from negative to positive with decreasing temperature in the range 100-150 K. Implications for the temperature-dependent electronic structure and scattering processes in this temperature range are discussed. The high-temperature behavior is interpreted within a lattice polaron model. Further analysis suggests a form of variable-range hopping conduction at high temperatures.
Glucagon orchestrates stress‐induced hyperglycaemia (2016)

Hyperglycaemia is commonly observed on admission and during hospitalization for medical illness, traumatic injury, burn and surgical intervention. This transient hyperglycaemia is referred to as stress-induced hyperglycaemia (SIH) and frequently occurs in individuals without a history of diabetes. SIH has many of the same underlying hormonal disturbances as diabetes mellitus, specifically absolute or relative insulin deficiency and glucagon excess. SIH has the added features of elevated blood levels of catecholamines and cortisol, which are not typically present in people with diabetes who are not acutely ill. The seriousness of SIH is highlighted by its greater morbidity and mortality rates compared with those of hospitalized patients with normal glucose levels, and this increased risk is particularly high in those without pre-existing diabetes. Insulin is the treatment standard for SIH, but new therapies that reduce glucose variability and hypoglycaemia are desired. In the present review, we focus on the key role of glucagon in SIH and discuss the potential use of glucagon receptor blockers and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in SIH to achieve target glucose control.
Simultaneous Reception and Scanning Using Complex IF Radio Architectures (2011)

Two different radio architecture are proposed that allow for simultaneous reception on one frequency and scanning on another frequency using only one receiver chain. This can for instance be used to scan for an alternative frequency when a handover is required in a cellular system. The architectures are based on that the signal is down-converted to a complex intermediate frequency (IF) before being down-converted to baseband. The second mixer is made adjustable so that any desired image rejection ratio (IRR) can be obtained. By adjusting the IRR and estimate how the signal quality of the desired signal is affected, the signal power at the image frequency can be accurately estimated. Based on simulations of an OFDM system with LTE-like parameters, it is found that if a degradation of 0.5-1 dB is acceptable for the desired signal, a scanning time of 1-2 ms suffice for accurate power estimation.
SRLG Failure Localization in Optical Networks (2011)

We introduce the concepts of monitoring paths (MPs) and monitoring cycles (MCs) for unique localization of shared risk linked group (SRLG) failures in all-optical networks. An SRLG failure causes multiple links to break simultaneously due to the failure of a common resource. MCs (MPs) start and end at the same (distinct) monitoring location(s). They are constructed such that any SRLG failure results in the failure of a unique combination of paths and cycles. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions on the set of MCs and MPs needed for localizing any single SRLG failure in an arbitrary graph. When a single monitoring location is employed, we show that a network must be ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> +2)-edge connected for localizing all SRLG failures, each involving up to <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> links. For networks that are less than ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> +2)-edge connected, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions on the placement of monitoring locations for unique localization of any single SRLG failure of up to <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> links. We use these conditions to develop an algorithm for determining monitoring locations. We show a graph transformation technique that converts the problem of identifying MCs and MPs with multiple monitoring locations to a problem of identifying MCs with a single monitoring location. We provide an integer linear program and a heuristic to identify MCs for networks with one monitoring location. We then consider the monitoring problem for networks with no dedicated bandwidth for monitoring purposes. For such networks, we use passive probing of lightpaths by employing optical splitters at various intermediate nodes. Through an integer linear programming formulation, we identify the minimum number of optical splitters that are required to monitor all SRLG failures in the network. Extensive simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed monitoring technique.
The public and legislative impact of hyperconcentrated topic news (2019)

News has been shown to influence public perception, affect technology development, and increase public expression. We demonstrate that framing, a subjective aspect of news, appears to influence both significant public perception changes and federal legislation. We show that specific features of news, such as publishing volume, appear to influence sustained public attention, as measured by annual Google Trends data, and federal legislation. We observe that federal legislative activity is often foreshadowed by periods of high news volume and similarity between articles, which we call hyperconcentrated news periods. Last, we contribute the measures of framing density and framing polarity, which provide a quantitative assessment of news framing in a domain. We demonstrate that these measures appear to correlate substantially with the results of earlier human surveys. We note, however, that our analysis does not disprove reverse causality and does not model other confounding factors.
Characteristics of nucleotide receptors that cause elevation of cytoplasmic calcium in immortalized rat brain endothelial cells (RBE4) and in primary cultures (1995)

1. A dual-wavelength microfluorimetric method using Fura-2 as calcium indicator was applied to cells from an immortalized cell line of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBE4), and to primary cultured rat brain endothelial cells. 2. In RBE4 cells, a brief (20 s) pulse of extracellular ATP (100 microM) induced a transient increase in the cytoplasmic calcium level ([Ca2+]i). Control responses to 100 microM ATP consisted of a ratio increase of 0.64 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- s.e., n = 51). Responses were seen at a concentration of 2.5 microM and were maximal at 100-1000 microM. When extracellular calcium was chelated with EGTA, the transient increase in [Ca2+]i was not affected. The results are consistent with Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores. 3. The purinoceptor involved belongs to the P2 subtype, since the agonist potency order among the adenine nucleotides was ATP > ADP > AMP. Moreover, the increase in [Ca2+]i evoked by ATP was partially inhibited by the P2 antagonist, suramin but was not affected by 8-phenyltheophylline, a P1-purinoceptor antagonist. The strong desensitization observed with repeated applications of ATP is also typical of a P2 receptor. 4. 2-Methylthio-ATP (2meS-ATP 100 microM), a P2Y agonist, elevated [Ca2+]i in only 17% of the cells tested; however, 2meS-ATP was found to antagonize the effect of ATP in all cells tested. The increase in [Ca2+]i evoked by ATP was inhibited by 500 s application of the P2Y purinoceptor antagonist, Reactive Blue 2 at 10 microM, while 60 s application of 100 microM was ineffective. 5. The uracil nucleotide, UTP (100 microM) was as effective as ATP in increasing [Ca2+]i. The effects of ATP and UTP were not additive. Cells desensitized to the action of ATP (or UTP) were unable to respond to UTP (or ATP).6. alpha,beta Methylene-ATP (alpha,beta meATP 100 microM), a P2x, agonist, elevated [Ca2+], in only 40% of the cells tested. In these cells it was less effective than ATP in increasing [Ca2+]i.7. Cells desensitized to the action of ADP responded, to a smaller extent, to ATP. In contrast, cells desensitized to the action of ATP were unable to respond to ADP.8. On primary cultures of brain endothelial cells the increase in [Ca2+]i in response to extracellular ATP(100 microM) and UTP (100 microM) was of an equivalent amplitude, and similar to the response in RBE4 cells.The pattern of desensitization was also similar to that in RBE4 cells.9 This comparative study indicates that in well-characterized brain microvascular endothelial cells that retain brain endothelial characteristics, the major class of nucleotide receptor is of the P2mu type. The implications for physiology are discussed.
Unmethylated MGMT combined with post-CRT perfusion MRI-derived tumor burden informs overall survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (2023)

As treatment response can mimic progressive tumor on standard imaging, clinical outcomes following upfront chemo-radiotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma rely heavily on MGMT promoter methylation status. While MGMT is a reliable marker of outcomes, the purpose of this study was to determine if inclusion of advanced perfusion-MRI derived fractional tumor burden (FTB) volume might better inform survival outcomes. Results revealed that low FTB volume in MGMT unmethylated glioblastoma confers significant survival benefit, approaching that of MGMT methylated glioblastoma. Clinically, combining FTB with MGMT methylation status may identify patients with potentially better outcomes or for whom more aggressive approaches are warranted.
Repression of the stress granule protein G3BP2 inhibits immune checkpoint molecule PD‐L1 (2021)

Mounting evidence suggests that cancer stemness and immunosuppression are related, but the underlying mechanisms behind these are not clear. We previously reported that the stress granule-associated protein G3BP2 is involved in the regulation of tumor-initiating (stem) cells. In this study, we show that this protein also upregulates the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1 under conditions of stress in breast and glioblastoma cancer cells, revealing a previously unknown connection between stemness programs, stress responses, and immune checkpoint control. We also identified a significant correlation between G3BP2 and PD-L1 co-expression in tumor tissues from cancer patients. To assess the targetability of G3BP2, we employed a small molecule (C108) that binds G3BP2 and interferes with the stress response. Tumors treated with C108 had increased CD8 T-cell proliferation and infiltration. Moreover, treatment of breast tumor-bearing mice with C108 resulted in a significant survival benefit and long-term cures. Cancer cells treated with C108 or cancer cells with genetically repressed G3BP2 had decreased PD-L1 expression due to enhanced mRNA degradation. Our study provides a compelling mechanism linking stress granule formation and immune checkpoint program of cancer, suggesting this link may provide new opportunities for improving anticancer immunotherapy.
Preface (2012)

Journal of Porphyrins and PhthalocyaninesVol. 16, No. 07n08, pp. i (2012) No AccessPrefaceKenneth I. OzoemenaKenneth I. OzoemenaCouncil for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South AfricaJPP Guest Editor.https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424612020014Cited by:1 Next AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsRecommend to Library ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract Most comprehensive & up-to-date research on PORPHYRINS Handbook of Porphyrin Science now available in 46 volumes FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By 1Comparison of the catalytic activity for O 2 reduction of Fe and Co MN4 adsorbed on graphite electrodes and on carbon nanotubesRicardo Venegas, Francisco J. Recio, Cesar Zuñiga, Marco Viera and María-Paz Oyarzún et al.1 January 2017 | Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 19, No. 31 Recommended Vol. 16, No. 07n08 Metrics History PDF download
Noncrystalline-to-Crystalline Transformations in Pt Nanoparticles (2013)

We show that the noncrystalline-to-crystalline transition of supported Pt nanoparticles (NPs) in the subnanometer to nanometer size range is statistical in nature, and strongly affected by particle size, support, and adsorbates (here we use H2). Unlike in the bulk, a noncrystalline phase exists and is stable in small NPs, reflecting a general mesoscopic feature. Observations of >3000 particles by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy show a noncrystalline-to-crystalline transition zone that is nonabrupt; there is a size regime where disordered and ordered NPs coexist. The NP size at which this transition occurs is strongly dependent on both the adsorbate and the support, and this effect is general for late 5d transition metals. All results are reconciled via a statistical description of particle-support-adsorbate interactions.
Experimental Analysis of Joint Impact of Atmospheric Turbulence and Refractivity on Laser Beam Propagation over 149 km Path (2020)

The presentation provides an overview of laser beam propagation experiments performed between Mauna Loa and Haleakala summits (149 km propagation distance) between April 3 and April 15, 2019. The measured data demonstrate high variability and strong coupling of refractivity and turbulence-induced effects on laser beam propagation characteristics.
Self-Blowing Process of Al Foam Assisted by Exothermic Reaction (2006)

Aluminum foam is a class of porous materials; in which closed pores are produced by a gas generation in liquid (or semi-liquid) aluminum. Aluminum foams are, generally, fabricated by heating a foamable precursor (a powder compact consisting of aluminum and TiH2 powders). Decomposition of TiH2, which is followed by a hydrogen gas release, produces bubbles in molten aluminum. In this research, aluminum foam was fabricated with the help of a chemical exothermic reaction. Titanium and boron carbide (B4C) powders were blended in the Al-TiH2 precursor as reactive powder elements. When one end of the precursor was heated, a strong exothermic reaction between titanium and B4C took place (3Ti + B4C 2TiB2 +TiC + 761KJ), and the neighboring part of the precursor was heated by the heat of reaction. Hence, once the reaction happens at the end of the precursor, it propagates spontaneously throughout the precursor. The blowing process takes place at the same time as the reaction because aluminum melts and TiH2 decomposes by the heat of reaction. The advantage of this process is that the energy to make aluminum foam is not necessarily supplied form the external source, but generated form inside of the precursor. Therefore the blowing process is self sustainable (Self-Blowing Process). In this work, the effect of processing parameters on the Self-Blowing Process was observed. The processing parameters we focused on were blending ratio of the starting powders (aluminum, TiH2, titanium, B4C) and heating methods.
Rapid Injection NMR Reveals η3 ‘π-Allyl’ CuIII Intermediates in Addition Reactions of Organocuprate Reagents (2012)

By using rapid injection NMR, it has now been possible to prepare and characterize the η3 ‘π-allyl’ copper(III) intermediate that has been proposed for addition reactions of organocopper(I) reagents and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
All mechanical mixing by means of orthogonally coupled cantilevers (2008)

An all mechanical signal mixing device is described which uses only linear springs as fundamental building blocks. Two input oscillators are coupled to an orthogonally vibrating output oscillator via a linear spring, which results in an effective nonlinear multiplicative mixing function. Numerical simulations have been performed for studying the performance characteristics of the mixer. A modified version of the mixer acting as a mechanical modulator is also numerically investigated for application as a mechanical power amplifier. The viability of the concept is demonstrated in a centimeter scale experimental setup and a micromechanical scale polymer embodiment has been built using two-photon polymerization lithographic methods.
Nitroreductase-sensitive fluorescent covalent organic framework for tumor hypoxia imaging in cells (2023)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been used in cell imaging, but very rarely for imaging specific cell conditions. Herein, a β-ketoenamine-based fluorescent COF was post-synthetically modified to incorporate a hypoxia-targeting molecule. Fluorescence microscopy imaging shows that the material discriminates between HeLa cells grown under hypoxia and those cultured under normoxia.