gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Isolated Patellofemoral Arthritis (2001)

The current study evaluated the results of total knee arthroplasty for the treatment of isolated patellofemoral degenerative arthritis. Between 1980 and 1997, 31 total knee arthroplasties were done in 24 patients with advanced, isolated patellofemoral arthritis. The average followup was 5.2 years (range, 2-12 years). There was a significant improvement in the mean preoperative Knee Society pain and function scores. Twenty-one knees required a lateral retinacular release and three knees required additional formal proximal realignment at the time of the total knee arthroplasty. There were three reoperations in this series including, manipulation for poor motion in one patient; revision of a loose patellar component in one patient; and extensor mechanism realignment in the third patient. At midterm followup, total knee arthroplasty proved to be reliable and durable in alleviating pain and improving function in this group of patients with isolated, advanced patellofemoral arthritis. Surgeons should be made aware, however, that resurfacing of the patella and balancing the extensor mechanism for patients with isolated patellofemoral arthritis can be demanding technically as evidenced by the high rate of asymmetrically resurfaced patellas, the high rate of lateral retinacular release, and formal realignment procedures.
Pharmacokinetics of novel Fc-engineered monoclonal and multispecific antibodies in cynomolgus monkeys and humanized FcRn transgenic mouse models (2020)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are among the fastest growing and most effective therapies for myriad diseases. Multispecific antibodies are an emerging class of novel therapeutics that can target more than one tumor- or immune-associated modulators per molecule. The combination of different binding affinities and target classes, such as soluble or membrane-bound antigens, within multispecific antibodies confers unique pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Numerous factors affect an antibody’s PK, with affinity to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) a key determinant of half-life. Recent work has demonstrated the potential for humanized FcRn transgenic mice to predict the PK of mAbs in humans. However, such work has not been extended to multispecific antibodies. We engineered mAbs and multispecific antibodies with various Fc modifications to enhance antibody performance. PK analyses in humanized FcRn transgenic mouse (homozygous Tg32 and Tg276) and non-human primate (NHP) models showed that FcRn-binding mutations improved the plasma half-lives of the engineered mAbs and multispecific antibodies, while glycan engineering to eliminate effector function did not affect the PK compared with wild-type controls. Furthermore, results suggest that the homozygous Tg32 mouse model can replace NHP models to differentiate PK of variants during lead optimization, not only for wild-type mAbs but also for Fc-engineered mAbs and multispecific antibodies. This Tg32-mouse model would enable prediction of half-life and linear clearance of mAbs and multispecific antibodies in NHPs to guide the design of further pharmacology/safety studies in this species. The allometric exponent for clearance scaling from Tg32 mice to NHPs was estimated to be 0.91 for all antibodies.
Case study: Applying IEEE Std. 519-2014 for harmonic distortion analysis of a 180 MW solar farm (2017)

IEEE updated its recommended practice and requirement for harmonic control in electric power system after more than two decades. The most updated version of the standard (IEEE Std. 519-2014) revised the 1992 version and its static harmonic voltage and current limits. Unlike the 1992 and the older versions of the standard, the 2014 version introduces the newer approach which considers stochastic nature of harmonic distortions and recommends limits based on the number of times distortions may occur; for example, for the harmonic current distortion, it recommends three limits: daily 99 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> percentile, weekly 99 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> percentile, and weekly 95 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> percentile values. Applying the IEEE Std. 519-2014 for planning studies and for harmonic assessment of proposed projects is very challenging because presently there is no known commercial tool which fully considers the stochastic simulations and limits required in the standard. This paper attempts to demonstrate the approach used by the authors in applying IEEE Std. 519-2014 in the harmonic study recently performed for a 180 MW solar farm.
Abstract 12991: Knockdown of USF1 Leads to a Beneficial Metabolic Profile in Mice (2011)

Metabolic derangements in the body are tightly linked with cardiovascular disease. We have earlier established the association between genetic variants of USF1 with familial combined hyperlipidemia...
Determination in vivo of regional circulatory dynamics in intact intestine (1962)

A radioisotope technique employing a specially designed and critically shielded detector positioned in the gut lumen is utilized to monitor in vivo beta particle radioactivity in the circulation. The short range of the P 32 beta in tissue (0.8 mm half thickness) is suited for this procedure because, with appropriate shielding, detected activity is limited to that contained in the blood perfusing the intestine surrounding the counter, with adjacent loops excluded. Regional blood volume is calculated from the regional counting rate of circulating P 32 -labeled red blood cells; regional blood flow is estimated from the local blood dilution curve. The effects of a variety of experimental maneuvers on circulatory dynamics are presented. Acetylcholine decreases regional blood flow but increases regional blood volume while cardiac output is increased. In contrast, l-norepinephrine appears to decrease both regional blood flow and regional blood volume with cardiac output relatively unchanged. This technique can be used in human subjects to evaluate the relation of regional intestinal circulation to regional function and pathology.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Platinum Hydrides: A Platinum(II) cis‐Dihydride or a Platinum(0) η2‐Dihydrogen Complex? (1986)

Abstract The cis‐dihydride‐Pt(II) complexes (III) are prepared by subjecting the Pt(O) complexes (I) or (II) to a pressure of H 2 .
Spatially Consistent Street-by-Street Path Loss Model for 28-GHz Channels in Micro Cell Urban Environments (2017)

This paper considers a fundamental issue of path loss (PL) modeling in urban micro cell (UMi) environments, namely the spatial consistency of the model as the mobile station moves along a trajectory through street canyons. This paper is motivated by the observed non-stationarity of the PL. We show that the traditional model of power law PL plus lognormally distributed variations can provide misleading results that can have serious implications for system simulations. Rather, the PL parameters have to be modeled as random variables that change from street to street and also as a function of the street orientation. Variations of the PL, taken over the ensemble of the whole cell (or multiple cells), thus consist of the compound effect of these PL parameter variations together with the traditional shadowing variations along the trajectory of movement. Ray-tracing results demonstrate that ignoring this effect can lead to a severe overestimation of the local standard deviation in a given area. Then, a spatially consistent stochastic street-by-street PL model is established, and a parameterization for 28-GHz UMi cells is given. The model correctly describes the PL as a function of the street orientation as well as the large variance observed for all the PL model parameters.
EcDBS1R6: A new broad-spectrum cationic antibacterial peptide derived from a signal peptide sequence (2019)

ABSTRACT Bacterial infections represent a major worldwide health problem, with an special highlight on Gram-negative bacteria, which were assigned by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the most critical priority for development of novel antimicrobial compounds. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered as potential alternative agents for treating these infections. Here we demonstrated the broad-spectrum activity of EcDBS1R6, a peptide derived from a signal peptide sequence of Escherichia coli that we previously turned into an AMP by making changes predicted through the Joker algorithm. Signal peptides are known to naturally interact with membranes; however, the modifications introduced by Joker made this peptide capable of killing bacteria. Membrane damage of the bacterial cells was observed by measuring membrane integrity using fluorescent probes and through scanning electron microscopy imaging. Structural analysis revealed that the C-terminus was unable to fold into an α-helix, indicating that the EcDBS1R6 antibacterial activity core was located at the N-terminus, corresponding to the signal peptide portion of the parent peptide. Therefore, the strategy of transforming signal peptides into AMPs seems to be promising and could be used for producing novel antimicrobial agents.
Overlay error investigation for metal containing resist (2019)

Metal containing resists (MCR) are one of the candidates for extreme ultraviolet resists aiming to achieve the resolution, linewidth roughness, and sensitivity requirements of advanced design nodes. MCRs intrinsically have high etch resistance owing to their metal content. Therefore, low resist thickness (∼18 nm) is sufficient to transfer resist patterns into an underlying hard mask. Also, the thin resist reduces susceptibility to pattern collapse during development because of low aspect ratio. However, thus far, little attention has been paid to optical metrology and inspectability (overlay, defect inspection, scatterometry, etc.) of these resists, which is another critical requirement to move MCR toward high-volume manufacturing. We investigate the overlay metrology and overlay correction with MCR. Even though the optical contrast for MCR is slightly lower than for chemically amplified resist (CAR), it seemed sufficient for high-quality overlay metrology. However, the measurement precision for MCR is deteriorated compared to that for CAR, resulting in significantly higher residuals. The root cause of the deteriorated measurement precision was found in grains in the optical image after MCR development. Interestingly, the after etch performance of CAR and MCR is identical. We demonstrate that with sufficient sampling, appropriate correctables can be extracted from the MCR overlay results. Finally, we discuss how the increased image noise can be compensated by the applied sampling scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Mimosamycin. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Estimation of the complex far-field of an antenna array using live GNSS signals and the equivalent electric current method (2009)

When using antenna arrays with GNSS receivers both the gain and the phase of the far-field radiation pattern may be distorted due to coupling effects. This problem can often be characterized in the design process of the antenna or by measurements in a measurement range. This is, however, not always possible and it is then necessary to characterize the antenna using live measurements. In this paper the equivalent electric current method is used to estimate the gain and phase of the far-field of an antenna array for a GPS receiver. In the method, the complex far-field pattern of an antenna is estimated using the distribution of the electric current, which is described using suitable basis functions. The method was evaluated using data collected by a 7-element GPS antenna array. The results show agreement between the model and measured results.
CONFRONTO ENTRE SUSPEITAS DIAGNÓSTICAS PARA ALTERAÇÕES CROMOSSÔMICAS E CONFIRMAÇÕES LABORATORIAIS: UM RETROSPECTO DE 1995 A 2003 (2004)

O conjunto de cromossomos é denominado cariótipo, que armazena todas as informações, determinando as características do indivíduo. O cariótipo pode apresentar alterações que, em sua maioria, são detectadas por um exame citogenético chamado cariotipagem. De 1995 a 2003 foram realizados 3234 exames citogenéticos no Centro de Aconselhamento e Laboratório de Genética – Genetika. Os resultados foram transferidos dos livros-registro para tabelas e analisados cuidadosamente para obter o número de resultados normais e alterados de acordo com a indicação. Foram utilizadas 485 indicações e estas divididas em cinco grupos: síndromes, deficiências físicas, abortos, IMA e outros. No grupo “síndromes”, avaliou-se que, de 459 casos, apenas 169 se confirmaram a partir das indicações utilizadas como pré-diagnóstico, 44 resultaram em alteração, 242 obtiveram resultado normal e apenas 4 não apresentaram resultados. Foram avaliados 410 exames para o grupo “deficiências físicas”, em que 341 resultaram em cariótipo normal, 56 obtiveram alguma alteração e 13 não obtiveram resultado. Em 723 casos analisados para o grupo “abortos”, 542 obtiveram resultados normais, 103 obtiveram alterações e 78 não apresentaram resultados. Do grupo “IMA”, foram avaliados 94 casos, em que 81 obtiveram resultado normal, 6 resultaram em alteração e 7 não apresentaram resultados. No grupo “outros”, avaliaram-se 299 casos, em que 260 obtiveram resultado normal, 32 apresentaram alteração e apenas 7 não apresentaram resultados. A freqüência de alterações cromossômicas na população é bastante elevada, sendo as mais comuns as que geram síndromes.
Effect of free Mg&#60;sup&#62;2+&#60;/sup&#62; on the kinetics of the plasma membrane H&#60;sup&#62;+&#60;/sup&#62;-ATPase from dry and hydrated maize embryos. (2009)

The H+-ATPase is a transmembrane protein which pumps H+ from the cytosol to the apoplastic space at the expense of ATP hydrolysis. It is believed that this function is important to promote secondary transport of solutes through the plasma membrane, to facilitate cell elongation and to contribute to pH regulation. At the onset of germination, changes in the biochemical properties of the enzyme have been found, which could be related to differences in protein structure. In this work, the effect of free Mg2+ concentrations on the kinetics of the enzyme in maize at different imbibition times was evaluated. It was found that 200 µsmallcap˜M of free Mg2+ may inhibit the ATPase activity, but the extent of this inhibition differs for each time of imbibition tested and it is related to the free Mg2+ concentration and to the substrate concentration. Free Mg2+ also exerts an influence on the vanadate inhibition of the enzyme.
LEO Satellite Constellations for 5G and Beyond: How Will They Reshape Vertical Domains? (2021)

The rapid development of communication technologies in the past decades has provided immense vertical opportunities for individuals and enterprises. However, conventional terrestrial cellular networks have unfortunately neglected the huge geographical digital divide, since high bandwidth wireless coverage is concentrated to urban areas. To meet the goal of ``connecting the unconnected'', integrating low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites with the terrestrial cellular networks has been widely considered as a promising solution. In this article, we first introduce the development roadmap of LEO satellite constellations (SatCons), including early attempts in LEO satellites with the emerging LEO constellations. Further, we discuss the unique opportunities of employing LEO SatCons for the delivery of integrating 5G networks. Specifically, we present their key performance indicators, which offer important guidelines for the design of associated enabling techniques, and then discuss the potential impact of integrating LEO SatCons with typical 5G use cases, where we engrave our vision of various vertical domains reshaped by LEO SatCons. Technical challenges are finally provided to specify future research directions.
Learning while Respecting Privacy and Robustness to Distributional Uncertainties and Adversarial Data (2020)

Data used to train machine learning models can be adversarial--maliciously constructed by adversaries to fool the model. Challenge also arises by privacy, confidentiality, or due to legal constraints when data are geographically gathered and stored across multiple learners, some of which may hold even an "anonymized" or unreliable dataset. In this context, the distributionally robust optimization framework is considered for training a parametric model, both in centralized and federated learning settings. The objective is to endow the trained model with robustness against adversarially manipulated input data, or, distributional uncertainties, such as mismatches between training and testing data distributions, or among datasets stored at different workers. To this aim, the data distribution is assumed unknown, and lies within a Wasserstein ball centered around the empirical data distribution. This robust learning task entails an infinite-dimensional optimization problem, which is challenging. Leveraging a strong duality result, a surrogate is obtained, for which three stochastic primal-dual algorithms are developed: i) stochastic proximal gradient descent with an $ε$-accurate oracle, which invokes an oracle to solve the convex sub-problems; ii) stochastic proximal gradient descent-ascent, which approximates the solution of the convex sub-problems via a single gradient ascent step; and, iii) a distributionally robust federated learning algorithm, which solves the sub-problems locally at different workers where data are stored. Compared to the empirical risk minimization and federated learning methods, the proposed algorithms offer robustness with little computation overhead. Numerical tests using image datasets showcase the merits of the proposed algorithms under several existing adversarial attacks and distributional uncertainties.
Tuning the Polysulfides Chemistry in Li-S Batteries Via Electrolyte Salt Selection (2016)

Fast capacity fading due to polysulfide dissolution is a significant challenge for Li-S batteries. Porous carbon is widely studied for physically trapping polysulfide species. Here, we report a different chemical approach through suppressing polysulide dissolution using lithium 2-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dicyanoimidazole (LiTDI) as a supporting salt in electrolytes. The electrolyte to sulfur ratio(E/S) is carefully controlled and the results show that under the optimized E/S ratio the cycling stability of the lithium sulfur cell is improved in the LiTDI supported electrolyte. The Combined experimental and simulation results reveal the dissolution mechanism of lithium polysulfides and suggest that the dominating disproportionation product of Li 2 S 8 is Li 2 S 4 in the LiTDI electrolyte due to a coordination between Li + and TDI anion, rather than separated Li 2 S 3 and Li 2 S 5 as in the LiTFSI electrolyte. The Li 2 S 4 would continuously form a Li 4 S 8 dimer and precipitate out. Detailed DFT calculation and Li NMR results suggest lithium ion cation has a higher solvation level in the TDI based electrolyte. Furthermore, the Li-S cells with LiTDI based electrolyte with optimized sulfur to electrolyte ratio was firstly applied into a high loading cathode and achieve a stable cycling. The use of the electrolyte with the LiTDI salt (with polysulfide and LiNO 3 additives) enables a cell with a high sulfur loading (3 mg-S cm -2 ) to deliver a 1.67 mAh cm -2 areal capacity after 300 stable cycles at a high current (2.4 mA cm -2 ) density. The fading of Li metal anode is also suppressed. Figure 1 Capacity retention of cells with (a) 1M LiTFSI and (b) 1M LiTDI in DOL/DME electrolytes (no additives) with different sulfur to electrolyte (S/E) ratios at a C/5 rate. 1C = 1675 mA g -1 of S and the cathode was prepared with 64 wt% S (i.e., S 8 ), 16 wt% MWCNTs, 10 wt% Super P carbon additive and 10 wt% PVDF binder. Figure 1
Centrifuge‐Free Separation of Solution‐Exfoliated 2D Nanosheets via Cross‐Flow Filtration (2023)

Solution-processed graphene is a promising material for numerous high-volume applications including structural composites, batteries, sensors, and printed electronics. However, the polydisperse nature of graphene dispersions following liquid-phase exfoliation poses major manufacturing challenges, as incompletely exfoliated graphite flakes must be removed to achieve optimal properties and downstream performance. Incumbent separation schemes rely on centrifugation, which is highly energy-intensive and limits scalable manufacturing. Here, cross-flow filtration (CFF) is introduced as a centrifuge-free processing method that improves the throughput of graphene separation by two orders of magnitude. By tuning membrane pore sizes between microfiltration and ultrafiltration length scales, CFF can also be used for efficient recovery of solvents and stabilizing polymers. In this manner, life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis reveal that CFF reduces greenhouse gas emissions, fossil energy usage, water consumption, and specific production costs of graphene manufacturing by 57%, 56%, 63%, and 72%, respectively. To confirm that CFF produces electronic-grade graphene, CFF-processed graphene nanosheets are formulated into printable inks, leading to state-of-the-art thin-film conductivities exceeding 10<sup>4</sup> S m<sup>-1</sup> . This CFF methodology can likely be generalized to other van der Waals layered solids, thus enabling sustainable manufacturing of the diverse set of applications currently being pursued for 2D materials.
Influence of androgen receptor absence on murine lacrimal and meibomian glands. (2018)

sponsorship: This research was supported by the Margaret S. Sinon Scholar in Ocular Surface Research Fund. (Margaret S. Sinon Scholar in Ocular Surface Research Fund)
Advanced thermal tester for accurate measurement of internal thermal resistance of high power electronic modules (2002)

A thermal tester has been developed for the accurate measurement of the internal thermal resistance of high-power electronic modules. The tester is designed for the simultaneous measurement of 20 electronic modules each dissipating in excess of 200 W. The heat dissipated is transmitted to the ambient by water-cooled cold plates dedicated to each test site. The tester system layout, mounting assembly, system hydraulic design, cold-plate spreader design and data acquisition instrumentation are described. Sample measurements and the associated uncertainty are also discussed. The sample results are verified by comparison with thermal modeling.