gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Boosting the Performance of Plug-and-Play Priors via Denoiser Scaling (2020)

Plug-and-play prirs (PnP) is an image reconstruction framework that uses an image denoiser as an imaging prior. Unlike traditional regularized inversion, PnP does not require the prior to be expressible in the form of a regularization function. This flexibility enables PnP algorithms to exploit the most effective image denoisers, leading to their state-of-the-art performance in various imaging tasks. However, many powerful denoisers, such as the ones based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), do not have tunable parameters that would allow controlling their influence within PnP. To address this issue, in this paper, we introduce a scaling parameter that adjusts the magnitude of the denoiser input and output. We theoretical justify the denoiser scaling from the perspectives of proximal optimization, statistical estimation, and consensus equilibrium. Finally, we provide numerical experiments demonstrating the ability of denoiser scaling to systematically improve the performance of PnP for denoising CNN priors that do not have explicitly tunable parameters.
Intelligent Prediction of Downhole Drillstring Vibrations in Horizontal Wells by Employing Artificial Neural Network (2023)

Abstract During the drilling operations and because of the harsh downhole drilling environment, the drill string suffered from downhole vibrations that affect the drilling operation and equipment. This problem is greatly affecting the downhole tools (wear and tear), hole problems (wash-out), mechanical energy loss, and ineffective drilling performance. Extra non-productive time to address these complications during the operation, and hence, extra cost. Detecting the drillstring vibrations during drilling through the downhole sensors is costly due to the extra service and downhole sensors. Currently, the new-technology-based solutions are providing huge capabilities to deal intelligently with the data, and machine learning applications provide high computational competencies to learn and correlate the parameters for technical complex problems. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to develop a machine learning model for predicting the drillstring vibration while drilling using machine learning via artificial neural networks (ANN) for horizontal section drilling. The developed ANN model was designed to only implement the surface rig sensors drilling data as inputs to predict the downhole drilling vibrations (axial, lateral, and torsional). The research used 5000 data set from drilling operation of a horizontal section. The model accuracy was evaluated using two metrics and the obtained results after optimizing the ANN model parameters showed a high accuracy with a correlation coefficient R higher than 0.97 and average absolute percentage error below 2.6%. Based on these results, a developed ANN algorithm can predict vibration while drilling using only surface drilling parameters which ends up with saving the deployment of the downhole sensors.
Improving the directional performance of off-the-shelf UHF RFID antennas (2022)

UHF RFID has found many applications, particularly the tracking of assets as they transit an entry or exit portal, and the inventory of items contained within so-called RFID cabinets (eg. Medical stores). Both of these applications are susceptible to unwanted behaviour whereby tag interaction occurs over an ill-defined volume and frequently in regions where tag interaction is unwanted. This behaviour is a manifestation of the multi-path, polarisation and antenna directivity effects typically associated with UHF RFID. Commercial UHF RFID antennas are frequently promoted for their wide directivity angles. However, this is undesirable in many instances. This paper explores, via simulation and empirical methods, mechanisms to improve the directivity of off-the-shelf UHF RFID antennas.
Generating mid-IR source using As2S3-based chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers (2009)

We found that 25% of the input power of a 2 μm wavelength 1 kW peak-power source can be shifted into the region between 3–5 μm using an As2S3-based chalcogenide PCF. Tapering increases the output at wavelengths above 4 μm.
Re2G: Retrieve, Rerank, Generate (2022)

As demonstrated by GPT-3 and T5, transformers grow in capability as parameter spaces become larger and larger. However, for tasks that require a large amount of knowledge, non-parametric memory allows models to grow dramatically with a sub-linear increase in computational cost and GPU memory requirements. Recent models such as RAG and REALM have introduced retrieval into conditional generation. These models incorporate neural initial retrieval from a corpus of passages. We build on this line of research, proposing Re2G, which combines both neural initial retrieval and reranking into a BART-based sequence-to-sequence generation. Our reranking approach also permits merging retrieval results from sources with incomparable scores, enabling an ensemble of BM25 and neural initial retrieval. To train our system end-to-end, we introduce a novel variation of knowledge distillation to train the initial retrieval, reranker, and generation using only ground truth on the target sequence output. We find large gains in four diverse tasks: zero-shot slot filling, question answering, fact-checking, and dialog, with relative gains of 9% to 34% over the previous state-of-the-art on the KILT leaderboard. We make our code available as open source at https://github.com/IBM/kgi-slot-filling/tree/re2g.
OSCILLATORY BUBBLING IN A MICROFLUIDIC T-JUNCTION (2007)

In this paper, we study oscillatory bubbling in a microfluidic T-junction. We demonstrate periodic/quasi-periodic oscillations in bubble sizes that can be switched on/off by appropriate design of the gas delivery line. We develop an equivalent electrical circuit model for the system, and discuss important criteria for monodisperse, non-oscillatory bubbling.
Silent information regulator 3: the Goldilocks of the silencing complex (2010)

A recent explosion of work surrounds the interactions between Sir3p (Silent Information Regulator 3) and chromatin. We review here the Sir3p functions related to its role in silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This unusual protein, which is absolutely required for silencing, is distantly related to the highly conserved replication initiator Orc1p, but is itself phylogenetically limited to "post-genome-duplicated" budding yeasts. Several recent studies revise earlier models for Sir3p action. Specifically, the N-terminal bromo-adjacent homology (BAH) domain plays a now well-defined role in silencing, and a picture is emerging in which both termini of Sir3p bind two locations on the nucleosome: (1) the loss of ribosomal DNA silencing (LRS) surface in the nucleosome core, and (2) the N-terminal histone tails for effective silencing at telomeres. We relate Sir3p structure and function, and summarize recent molecular studies of Sir3p/chromatin binding, Sir3p/Dot1p competition, and the possible role of O-Acetyl ADP ribose (O-AADPR) in Sir3p/chromatin binding. We emphasize recent genetic data that provide important new insights and settle controversies created by in vitro work. Finally, we synthesize these ideas to revise the model for how Sir3p mediates silent chromatin formation in yeast, in part through its affinity for the LRS region of the nucleosome, which must be "just right."
Deployable optical systems at 40Gb/s and beyond (2007)

Electronic dispersion compensation is displacing optical compensation at 10Gb/s. How can this be achieved at 40 Gb/s or 100 Gb/s to provide deployable transmission systems with greater capacity?
Virtual Resection Specimen Interaction Using Augmented Reality Holograms to Guide Margin Communication and Flap Sizing (2023)

Head and neck surgeons often have difficulty in relocating sites of positive margins due to the complex 3-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the head and neck. We introduce a new technique where resection specimens are 3D scanned with a smartphone, annotated in computer-assisted design software, and immediately visualized on augmented reality (AR) glasses. The 3D virtual specimen can be accurately superimposed onto surgical sites for orientation and sizing applications. During an operative workshop, a surgeon using AR glasses projected virtual, annotated specimen models back into the resection bed onto a cadaver within approximately 10 minutes. Colored annotations can correspond with pathologic annotations and guide the orientation of the virtual 3D specimen. The model was also overlayed onto a flap harvest site to aid in reconstructive planning. We present a new technique allowing interactive, sterile inspection of tissue specimens in AR that could facilitate communication among surgeons and pathologists and assist with reconstructive surgery.
Wafer-level hermetic vacuum micro-packaging technology for IR detector applications (2009)

A low-cost low temperature wafer-level vacuum micropackage has been developed exhibiting an equivalent flow rate of 3.8times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-14</sup> Torr.L/sec for storage at 80degC.
In vitro modulation of influenza virus-specific CD4+ T cell responses via Dectin-1 expressed on human dendritic cell subsets (131.11) (2009)

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) can induce and control immune responses. Types of pre-existing memory CD4+ T cells can influence the efficacy of vaccines against influenza viruses. We here show that quality of influenza-specific CD4+ T cells can be modulated by delivering antigens to subsets of human DCs via Dectin-1. A major antigen for neutralizing antibodies, HA1 of hemagglutinin (H1), was delivered to DCs by using recombinant fusion proteins, anti-Dectin-1-HA1. First, all healthy individuals tested had relatively potent HA1-specific Th1 and Th2 helper T cells. However, magnitudes of IL-10-, IL-17-, and IL-21-producing were variable in individuals and by peptide epitopes presented by DCs. Second, anti-Dectin-1-HA1 induced DCs to secrete IL-23 that upregulated IFNγ and IL-17, but downregulated IL-13. CD70 upregulated by anti-Dectin-1-HA1 contributed to the expression of IFNγ, IL-17, IL-10, and IL-13, but not IL-21. Third, lipopolysaccharide from P. gingivalis, not E. coli, permitted myeloid DCs (mDCs) to promote Th1 and Th17, but suppress Th2 type responses, in CD70-/IL-1β-dependent manners. Lastly, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and mDCs expressed same variants of Dectin-1 and they presented same peptide epitopes. However, mDCs were more potent than pDCs for inducing cytokines tested, particularly IFNγ and IL-13. Thus vaccines that target Dectin-1 have a potential to enhance the immunity against influenza infections.
Machine Learning-Based User Scheduling in Integrated Satellite-HAPS-Ground Networks (2022)

Integrated space-air-ground networks promise to offer a valuable solution space for empowering the sixth generation of communication networks (6G), particularly in the context of connecting the unconnected and ultraconnecting the connected. Such digital inclusion thrive makes resource management problems, especially those accounting for load-balancing considerations, of particular interest. The conventional model-based optimization methods, however, often fail to meet the real-time processing and quality-of-service needs, due to the high heterogeneity of the space-air-ground networks, and the typical complexity of the classical algorithms. Given the premises of artificial intelligence at automating wireless networks design and the large-scale heterogeneity of non-terrestrial networks, this paper focuses on showcasing the prospects of machine learning in the context of user scheduling in integrated space-air-ground communications. The paper first overviews the most relevant state-of-the art in the context of machine learning applications to the resource allocation problems, with a dedicated attention to space-air-ground networks. The paper then proposes, and shows the benefit of, one specific use case that uses ensembling deep neural networks for optimizing the user scheduling policies in integrated space-high altitude platform station (HAPS)-ground networks. Finally, the paper sheds light on the challenges and open issues that promise to spur the integration of machine learning in space-air-ground networks, namely, online HAPS power adaptation, learning-based channel sensing, data-driven multi-HAPSs resource management, and intelligent flying taxis-empowered systems.
Kinetics of Water-Assisted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis Revealed by a Time-Evolution Analysis (2005)

Here we investigate the kinetics of water-assisted CVD (henceforth denoted as supergrowth CVD) by a quantitative time-evolution analysis based on a simple growth model. We found that the supergrowth can be well described by a model where the dynamics of the catalyst activity is treated similar to radioactive decay. An in-depth analysis based on this growth model revealed the kinetics of the supergrowth CVD, showing a scale relationship between the carbon source and water, and elucidated the role of water as a catalyst activity enhancer and preserver.
Morning Hyperinsulinemia Primes the Liver for Glucose Uptake and Glycogen Storage Later in the Day (2018)

We observed that a 4-h morning (AM) duodenal infusion of glucose versus saline doubled hepatic glucose uptake (HGU) and storage during a hyperinsulinemic-hyperglycemic (HIHG) clamp that afternoon (PM). To separate the effects of AM hyperglycemia versus AM hyperinsulinemia on the PM response, we used hepatic balance and tracer ([3-<sup>3</sup>H]glucose) techniques in conscious dogs. From 0 to 240 min, dogs underwent a euinsulinemic-hyperglycemic (GLC; <i>n</i> = 7) or hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (INS; <i>n</i> = 8) clamp. Tracer equilibration and basal sampling occurred from 240 to 360 min, followed by an HIHG clamp (360-600 min; four times basal insulin, two times basal glycemia) with portal glucose infusion (4 mg ⋅ kg<sup>-1</sup> ⋅ min<sup>-1</sup>). In the HIHG clamp, HGU (5.8 ± 0.9 vs. 3.3 ± 0.3 mg ⋅ kg<sup>-1</sup> ⋅ min<sup>-1</sup>) and net glycogen storage (6.0 ± 0.8 vs. 2.9 ± 0.5 mg ⋅ kg<sup>-1</sup> ⋅ min<sup>-1</sup>) were approximately twofold greater in INS than in GLC. PM hepatic glycogen content (1.9 ± 0.2 vs. 1.3 ± 0.2 g/kg body weight) and glycogen synthase (GS) activity were also greater in INS versus GLC, whereas glycogen phosphorylase (GP) activity was reduced. Thus AM hyperinsulinemia, but not AM hyperglycemia, enhanced the HGU response to a PM HIHG clamp by augmenting GS and reducing GP activity. AM hyperinsulinemia can prime the liver to extract and store glucose more effectively during subsequent same-day meals, potentially providing a tool to improve glucose control.
Overview of Fiber Optic Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors for Medical Applications (2018)

Fiber Optic Surface Plasmon Resonance (FO-SPR) biosensors are practical miniature sensors that provide real-time monitoring and label-free detection of the concentration of a desired analyte for remote in situ use. These sensors utilize Surface Plasmon Waves (SPWs) excited at a Metal-Dielectric Interface (MDI). In our paper, we explain the background theory of SPWs, operation principle, conventional system design and performance parameters of FO-SPR sensors.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Promoted C—N Bond Cross‐Coupling with Hypervalent Aryl Siloxanes and Room‐Temperature N‐Arylation with Aryl Iodide. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Complex, energy-independent, local potential reproducing an absorptive phase shift and a bound state (1994)

The triton binding energy, and the partly real and partly complex neutron-deuteron doublet channel elastic scattering phase shifts, calculated by means of the exact three-body theory, are used as input in the fixed-l inverse scattering theory of Marchenko. The local potentials obtained hereby are independent of energy, and complex. Their strong imaginary part reflects the strong absorption in the doublet channel arising from the opening of the deuteron breakup channel. For total orbital angular momentum l different from zero the potentials are unique, reproducing the input phase shift in the whole energy region. For l=0 where there exists, in addition, a bound state we construct a one-parameter class of complex local potentials which are phase--binding-energy equivalent; that is, each of its members reproduces, in addition to the partly complex phase shifts, the bound state with the physical, i.e., real binding energy. Correlations between the oscilliations in the radial independence of these equivalent potentials and physical properties of the input data are established.
Sensitive gas sensor embedded in a vertical polymer space-charge-limited transistor (2012)

We report a very sensitive gas sensor embedded in a vertical polymer space-charge-limited transistor. The oxidizing and reducing gases act as electron dedoping and electron doping agents on the transistor active layer to change the potential distribution in the vertical channel and hence to change the output current density. With a 30-ppb detection limit to ammonia, the sensor can be used for non-invasive breath monitor in point-of-care applications. The integration of a sensitive gas sensor and a low-operation-voltage transistor in one single device also facilitates the development of low-cost and low-power-consumption sensor array.
Curvature-Induced Base Pair “Slipping” Effects in DNA-Nanoparticle Hybridization (2008)

Experiments are presented that suggest DNA strands chemically immobilized on gold nanoparticle surfaces can engage in two types of hybridization: one that involves complementary strands and normal base pairing interactions and a second one assigned as a "slipping" interaction, which can additionally stabilize the aggregate structures through non-Watson-Crick type base pairing or interactions less complementary than the primary interaction. The curvature of the particles appears to be a major factor that contributes to the formation of these slipping interactions as evidenced by the observation that flat gold triangular nanoprism conjugates of the same sequence do not support them. Finally, these slipping interactions significantly stabilize nanoparticle aggregate structures, leading to large increases in T(m)'s and effective association constants as compared with free DNA and particles that do not have the appropriate sequence to maximize their contribution.
Genome-wide Association Study Identifies 27 Loci Influencing Concentrations of Circulating Cytokines and Growth Factors (2017)

Circulating cytokines and growth factors are regulators of inflammation and have been implicated in autoimmune and metabolic diseases. In this genome-wide association study (GWAS) of up to 8,293 Finns we identified 27 genome-widely significant loci (p −9 ) for one or more cytokines. Fifteen of the associated variants had expression quantitative trait loci in whole blood. We provide genetic instruments to clarify the causal roles of cytokine signaling and upstream inflammation in immune-related and other chronic diseases. We further link inflammatory markers with variants previously associated with autoimmune diseases such as Crohn disease, multiple sclerosis, and ulcerative colitis and hereby elucidate the molecular mechanisms underpinning these diseases and suggest potential drug targets.
Intrinsic noise figure derivation for fiber raman amplifiers from equivalent noise figure measurement (2005)

A complete analysis and measurement of the noise figure of Raman amplifiers is reported. The standard noise figure definition derived from the amplified spontaneous emission approach is discussed. A new approach, based on the field fluctuations, is proposed. It takes into account the vacuum fluctuation as a minimum noise level fit the amplifier input and as a contribution to the noise generation. As a result, the noise of a phase-insensitive amplifier is shown to be generated by the input noise amplification, the intrinsic amplification and attenuation mechanisms. This model enables to exactly define the noise figure as the degradation of the optical signal-to-noise ratio, which is in complete agreement with the practice of the IEEE standard.
VCAM-1 expression is upregulated by CD34+/CD133+-stem cells derived from septic patients (2018)

CD34+/CD133+- cells are a bone marrow derived stem cell population, which presumably contain vascular progenitor cells and are associated with improved vascular repair. In this study, we investigated whether the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1), VCAM-1 (vascular adhesion molecule-1), E-selectin und L-selectin, which are involved in homing of vascular stem cells, are upregulated by CD34+/CD133+-stem cells from septic patients and would be associated with improved clinical outcome. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from intensive care unit (ICU) patients with (n = 30) and without sepsis (n = 10), and healthy volunteers (n = 15) were isolated using Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. The expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin and L-selectin was detected on CD34+/CD133+-stem cells by flow cytometry. The severity of disease was assessed by the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II. Serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin (Ang)-2 were determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin and L-selectin by CD34+/CD133+-stem cells was significantly upregulated in septic patients, and correlated with sepsis severity. Furthermore, high expression of VCAM-1 by CD34+/CD133+-stem cells revealed a positive association with mortalitiy (p<0.05). Furthermore, significantly higher serum concentrations of VEGF and Ang-2 were found in septic patients, however none showed a strong association with survival. Our data suggest, that VCAM-1 upregulation on CD34+/CD133+-stem cells could play a crucial role in their homing in the course of sepsis. An increase in sepsis severity resulted in both and increase in CD34+/CD133+-stem cells and VCAM-1-expression by those cells, which might reflect an increase in need for vascular repair.
Fast log-based concurrent writing of checkpoints (2008)

This report describes how a file system level log-based technique can improve the write performance of many-to-one write checkpoint workload typical for high performance computations. It is shown that a simple log-based organization can provide for substantial improvements in the write performance while retaining the convenience of a single flat file abstraction. The improvement of the write performance comes at the cost of degraded read performance however. Techniques to alleviate the read performance penalty, such as file reconstruction on the first read, are discussed.
Clinical Application of Polysialylated Deoxyribonuclease and Erythropoietin (2018)

This approach has been clinically validated in phase I (in healthy volunteers) and II studies of PSA-EPO [for managing anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)].