gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Compression Bonding: Understanding Heat Transfer by in Situ Measurements and Modeling (2017)

Thermal compression bonding (TCB) is becoming an increasingly important process step in the assembly of advanced components such as fine pitch flip chip packages, system-in-package products, and 3D IC's. To increase the throughput and robustness of TCB processes, it is crucial to understand and control important process parameters like time, force and temperature. However, for TCB processes it becomes challenging to measure and control the temperature over the bond interface, since typically different temperature profiles are applied to top chip and substrate. This paper proposes and validates a new methodology for temperature measurements and characterization of heat transfer during a TCB process. On-chip thermal sensors measure the temperature in real time during the TCB process, at different locations on both top and bottom chips. Since the proposed methodology does not require the insertion of a thermocouple in between the top chip and substrate, it will enable more reliable measurements, especially for fine pitch micro bump devices.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4h in Wild Birds and Live Poultry Markets, Bangladesh (2021)

Migratory birds play a major role in spreading influenza viruses over long distances. We report highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N6) viruses in migratory and resident ducks in Bangladesh. The viruses were genetically similar to viruses detected in wild birds in China and Mongolia, suggesting migration-associated dissemination of these zoonotic pathogens.
Biological activities of 3,4,5‐trihydroxypiperidines and their N‐ and O‐derivatives (2018)

3,4,5-Trihydroxypiperidines belong to the family of 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-iminosugar natural products and are structural analogues of pentose monosaccharides in the pyranose form. The biological activities of these apparently structurally simple molecules and their N- and O-alkylated and -arylated derivatives are no less remarkable than their C-6 hydroxymethyl counterparts of the hexoses (such as 1-deoxynojirimycin, DNJ). Their biological profiles indicate that the hydroxymethyl branch is crucial to neither potency nor selectivity, with O-alkylation demonstrated to produce exquisite selectivity extending beyond glycosidase inhibition, to immunosuppressant and antibacterial activities.
In vivo expression of stromelysin in synovium and cartilage of rabbits injected intraarticularly with interleukin‐1β (1992)

Intraarticular injection of IL-1 induced the endogenous expression of stromelysin mRNA and protein in both synovium and cartilage. The kinetics of stromelysin expression correlated well with the accumulation of stromelysin and proteoglycan in synovial fluids. Therefore, the de novo synthesis of stromelysin in cartilage may have contributed to the loss of proteoglycan from that tissue.
Fundamental Measurements in Gravitational Physics Using Precision Rotations: I. Motivations and Unprotected-Rotor Results (1982)

Decay time constants for magnetically-suspended rotors undergoing inertial spin-down have been measured at room temperature. Bearing-rotor interactions have been studied and evidence found that there is a driving mechanism capable of accelerating or decelerating a rotor with a moment of inertia of ≈1100 g cm2 at the 10-14 W level. The complicated rotor decay structure suggests that there exist unfavorable rotational frequencies at which mode coupling exists and leads to unavoidably large levels of angular momentum dissipation. The length of the rotors (≈20 cm) also produces a pendulum motion which at times results in ambiguities in the spin-down data due to interference with the normal operation of the optical-lever timing system.
Cyclic vs linear polylactide : straightforward access using a single catalyst and studies of their resulting properties (2018)

International audience
MND1 enables homologous recombination in somatic cells primarily outside the context of replication (2023)

Faithful and timely repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is fundamental for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Here, we demonstrate that the meiotic recombination co-factor MND1 facilitates the repair of DSBs in somatic cells. We show that MND1 localizes to DSBs, where it stimulates DNA repair through homologous recombination (HR). Importantly, MND1 is not involved in the response to replication-associated DSBs, implying that it is dispensable for HR-mediated repair of one-ended DSBs. Instead, we find that MND1 specifically plays a role in the response to two-ended DSBs that are induced by irradiation (IR) or various chemotherapeutic drugs. Surprisingly, we find that MND1 is specifically active in G2 phase, whereas it only marginally affects repair during S phase. MND1 localization to DSBs is dependent on resection of the DNA ends and seemingly occurs through direct binding of MND1 to RAD51-coated ssDNA. Importantly, the lack of MND1-driven HR repair directly potentiates the toxicity of IR-induced damage, which could open new possibilities for therapeutic intervention, specifically in HR-proficient tumors.
Evolutionary principles for generating protein mimetics: directed assembly of peptide loops on topological templates. (2001)

A novel methodology for the reversible competitive condensation of peptide loops to chemoreactive topological templates is presented.
Compositional Substitutions and Aliovalent Doping of BaTiO 3 ‐Based Thin Films on Nickel Foils Prepared by Chemical Solution Deposition (2009)

Several strategies were evaluated focusing on the optimum reliability of thin‐film ceramic capacitors derived from different compositions based on BaTiO 3 (BT) and prepared by chemical solution deposition onto nickel foils. Film crystallization was carried out at 800°C under reducing conditions to prevent the detrimental oxidation of the metal electrode while allowing the formation of the pure perovskite phase. In a first approach, compositional modifiers were introduced into the system, yielding to Ba(Ti 0.7 Zr 0.3 )O 3 (BTZ) and (Ba 0.7 Sr 0.3 )TiO 3 (BST) solid solutions. Despite the lower permittivities obtained with respect to pure BT, dielectric losses and leakage current densities in these films were observed to improve. With the aim of further optimizing these features, the second approach focuses on the defect chemistry of BST films by incorporation of either donor–acceptor cations (Mn 2+ and Nb 5+ ) or single rare‐earth elements (Dy 3+ or Y 3+ “magic ions”) into the perovskite. The leakage conduction in the associated capacitors is revealed to effectively decrease in the first case, whereas doping with rare‐earth cations does not substantially improve the dielectric properties of the ceramics. Processing effects related to the thin‐film configuration, rather distant from the classical scenario used within the technology of multilayer bulk ceramic capacitors, also account for the final properties obtained in the films of this work.
Unique Reactivity of the Mukaiyama Glycosidation Catalyst (SnCl3ClO4) Toward β‐Mannopyranosides (2008)

Glycosidation of a mannosyl donor in the presence of the Mukaiyama catalyst was found to give exceptionally high alpha/beta selectivity. A systematic study was conducted to reveal that selective beta-to-alpha anomerization accounts for the observed high alpha/beta stereoselectivity. Furthermore, the Mukaiyama catalyst was shown to exhibit an unusual level of substrate and anomer selectivity for the anomerization. On the basis of the combined anomeric and delta2 effects, a mechanistic rationale was proposed, thereby suggesting the minimum structural moiety essential for the anomerization in question. With this analysis, beta-talo-, beta-altro-, and beta-idopyranosides are predicted to exhibit a reactivity profile similar to beta-mannopyranosides, but all other pyranosides should not. This prediction was verified by using beta- and alpha-talopyranosides as an example.
Effects of pentoxifylline on coagulation profile and disseminated intravascular coagulation incidence in Egyptian septic neonates (2010)

Pentoxifylline protects against sepsis-induced microcirculatory derangement in neonates. It significantly lowered the incidence of bleeding and MODS and shortened the length of hospital stay.
Strobilurine: Evolution einer neuen Wirkstoffklasse (1999)

Aus dem Kiefernzapfenrübling wurde eine Verbindung mit fungizider Wirkung isoliert, die das natürliche Vorbild für eine bedeutende Produktinnovation im Pflanzenschutz war: Die Variation und Optimierung der Leitstruktur von Strobilurin A 1 und die Selektion praxisgerechter Derivate wie Kresoxim-methyl 2 führten in einem spannenden und firmenübergreifenden Patentwettlauf zur Entwicklung der Strobilurine als neue, hochaktive und breit anwendbare Fungizidklasse – eine faszinierende Erfolgsstory.
Development, optimization, and validation of novel anti-TEM1/CD248 affinity agent for optical imaging in cancer (2014)

Tumor Endothelial Marker-1 (TEM1/CD248) is a tumor vascular marker with high therapeutic and diagnostic potentials. Immuno-imaging with TEM1-specific antibodies can help to detect cancerous lesions, monitor tumor responses, and select patients that are most likely to benefit from TEM1-targeted therapies. In particular, near infrared(NIR) optical imaging with biomarker-specific antibodies can provide real-time, tomographic information without exposing the subjects to radioactivity. To maximize the theranostic potential of TEM1, we developed a panel of all human, multivalent Fc-fusion proteins based on a previously identified single chain antibody (scFv78) that recognizes both human and mouse TEM1. By characterizing avidity, stability, and pharmacokinectics, we identified one fusion protein, 78Fc, with desirable characteristics for immuno-imaging applications. The biodistribution of radiolabeled 78Fc showed that this antibody had minimal binding to normal organs, which have low expression of TEM1. Next, we developed a 78Fc-based tracer and tested its performance in different TEM1-expressing mouse models. The NIR imaging and tomography results suggest that the 78Fc-NIR tracer performs well in distinguishing mouse- or human-TEM1 expressing tumor grafts from normal organs and control grafts in vivo. From these results we conclude that further development and optimization of 78Fc as a TEM1-targeted imaging agent for use in clinical settings is warranted.
Breast cancer epidemiology in Croatia (2003)

Karcinom dojke najcesci je karcinom žena u svijetu. Broj novodijagnosticiranih je preko milijun žena godisnje, a broj umrlih od tog sijela raka je blizu 380 tisuca godisnje. Visoki rizik obolijevanja imaju žene u razvijenim zemljama svijeta, dok niži rizik imaju žene u Africi i Aziji. Prema rezultatima istraživanja u Europi 93% preživi jednu, a 73% pet godina nakon postavljanja dijagnoze i provedene terapije, ovisno o tome koliko je uznapredovala bolest. Najznacajnije prognosticke odrednice su stadij bolesti i pravovremeni odgovarajuci tretman. Otkrivanje karcinoma dojke u najranijem, lokaliziranom stadiju, ovisi o znanju žena o toj bolesti, sto zahtijeva intenzivnu i kontinuiranu informacijsku kampanju. To obuhvaca upoznavanje žena s cimbenicima rizika za rak dojke te potrebom javljanja lijecniku kad se nađe bilo kakva promjena na grudima. U primarnu prevenciju osim navedenog spada i upoznavanje žena s pravilnim svakomjesecnim samopregledom dojki. U Hrvatskoj se godisnje dijagnosticira preko 2000 novih bolesnica s karcinomom dojke(2000. godine to je bilo 2187 bolesnica) ili 22% od svih malignih bolesti u žena. I u Hrvatskoj to je najcesce maligno sijelo, a vjerojatnost obolijevanja ima svaka jedanaest žena tijekom života. To je najcesci uzrok smrti zbog raka u Hrvatskoj i peti najcesci pojedinacni uzrok smrti u žena, iza moždanog udara i nekih bolesti srca. U 2001. godini su u Hrvatskoj zbog raka dojke umrle 832 žene. Usprkos napretku dijagnostike i terapije, rak dojke je najcesci uzrok smrti žena u dobi 35-59 godina. Karcinom dojke nije problem samo žena nego i muskaraca. Veliki broj njih pogođen je bolescu svojih bližnjih, a od te bolesti mogu i oni sami oboljeti. Primjerice u 2000. godini karcinom dojke dijagnosticiran je u 56 muskaraca. Broj umrlih i oboljelih žena i dalje ce rasti ako se ne zaustave stetni rizici nacina življenja, daljnja zagađenja hrane i okolisa. Jedini nacin sprijecavanja nepotrebnih smrti možemo postici programima ranog otkrivanja kojima se otkriva male i lokalizirane tumore u izljecivom stadiju bolesti. One zemlje koje su pred nekoliko desetljeca pocele s organiziranim programima ranog otkrivanja imaju pad smrtnosti od te bolesti.
Reduction of Residual C and N-Related Impurities by Al2O3 Insertion in Atomic-Layer-Deposited La2O3 Thin Films (2011)

The effects of Trimethyl aluminum (TMA) in atomic-layer-deposition (ALD) of La2O3 film using Tris(N, N'-diisopropylformamidinato) lanthanum and H2O were examined. The behaviors of Si diffusion and the residual C and N-related impurities were observed by in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The La-silicate formation by Si out-diffusion from the substrate was suppressed by TMA/H2O pulse (Al2O3), but hardly suppressed the interfacial SiO2 layer growth during ALD. It was confirmed that TMA/H2O pulse (Al2O3) insertion eliminated the residual C-and N-related impurities with low binding energy in the La2O3 film which originated from the incomplete reactions of precursor during ALD. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3545965] All rights reserved.
Encapsulated and Monolithic Resonant Structures for Laser Applications (2013)

Typically, the composition of a laser system includes a gain medium, a pump illumination source, and an external feedback cavity. This cavity consists of a highly reflective mirror and an outcoupler component. The geometry of the outcoupler can be engineered to tailor the reflected or transmitted beam's spatial and spectral distribution. Functionally, the transmitted beam profile is dependent on the laser application. Broadband reflection profiles can be obtained by utilizing a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). A DBR device consists of multiple layers of alternating materials. Constructive interference of the reflected light off each interface between different materials produces the spectrally broadband response. The spectral response is a function of the fabrication and material parameters of the DBR. In contrast, guided-mode resonance filters (GMRF) exploit phase matching between evanescent- and guided-waves to provide a strong reflection. Based on the materials in the structure, the spectral response can demonstrate broadband or narrowband reflectivity. The operation wavelength of a GMRF is dependent on the structural parameters of the device as well as the angle of incidence. However, conventional designs of resonant optics leave critical aspects of the structure exposed to the surrounding environment. Additional damage or contamination to the waveguide or grating layer will significantly alter the device's spectral response. This dissertation introduces two GMRF geometries aimed at device integration, development of similar-material resonant devices, and full-device protection from outside influence. Unlike distributed Bragg reflectors, these geometries do not rely heavily on strict material and deposition requirements. Instead, they take advantage of the deposition processes to minimize coating deposition, achieve high reflectivity and demonstrate control over polarization dependence. Given their versatility in design and ability to withstand high power densities, these resonant structures find applications in fiber laser systems, spectral beam combining, and standard laser cavities.
The effect of extended polymer chains on the properties of transparent multi-walled carbon nanotubes/poly(methyl methacrylate/acrylic acid) film (2010)

Optically transparent and electrically conductive thin films composed of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced polymethyl methacrylate/acrylic acid (PMMA/AA) were fabricated using a wire coating technique. Poly(acrylic acid) controls the level of MWCNT dispersion in aqueous mixtures and retains the well-dispersed state in the polymer matrix after solidification resulting from extended polymer chains by adjusting the pH value. The exfoliating the MWCNT bundles by extended polymer chains results in the excellent dispersion of MWCNT. It causes a lower surface electrical resistance at the same MWCNT content. The hydrophilic functional groups (-COO( - )NA( + )) also caused a decrease in the crystallization of PMMA and led to an increase in the transmittance.
Real-time bandwidth measurements over mobile connections (2011)

The first study that investigates the characteristics of received probe packets and the reliability of bandwidth estimates when actively measuring the available bandwidth over radio interfaces in mobile communication networks is presented. Knowledge of available bandwidth is very useful in various contexts, e.g. in network management and adaptive streaming applications. Bandwidth measuring tools have so far primarily been designed for and evaluated in wired networks. However, such tools should also be examined in wireless networks since the use of, e.g., mobile broadband is rapidly increasing. The properties of wired and wireless links differ substantially, which affect the performance of the tools. We have made active-probing experiments over a high-speed downlink shared channel, which is used for High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) in the mobile communication technology UMTS, and over a forward traffic channel in CDMA2000 1xEV-DO. Both experiments were performed over commercial networks. They show that one cannot always expect uniform per-packet processing over the radio channel in mobile networks, which is expected by many probing tools. This reduces the reliability of the available-bandwidth estimates, however we suggest how this can be handled. Finally, the mobile-network measurements are compared to experiments performed in an IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN, where the radio channel does not create the same packet-processing behaviour. We also discuss the possibility of using the probe traffic for the purpose of identifying the communication technology at the bottleneck of the network path, assumed this is a wireless broadband link, by mapping specifications of standardised communication technologies to observed probe-traffic characteristics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Friction from a Stiff Polymer Using Microfiber Arrays (2006)

High dry friction requires intimate contact between two surfaces and is generally obtained using soft materials with an elastic modulus less than 10 MPa. We demonstrate that high-friction properties similar to rubberlike materials can also be obtained using microfiber arrays constructed from a stiff thermoplastic (polypropylene, 1 GPa). The fiber arrays have a smaller true area of contact than a rubberlike material, but polypropylene's higher interfacial shear strength provides an effective friction coefficient of greater than 5 at normal loads of 8 kPa. At the pressures tested, the fiber arrays showed more than an order of magnitude increase in shear resistance compared to the bulk material. Unlike softer materials, vertical fiber arrays of stiff polymer demonstrate no measurable adhesion on smooth surfaces due to high tensile stiffness.
136-55: Pericardial effusion during transvenous lead extraction: not always the same story (2016)

Purpose: Pericardial effusion (PE) may be a life-threatening complication of lead extraction procedure (TLE). We evaluated causative mechanism of PE formation during TLE and subsequent patient management. Method: From January 2009 to June 2015, TLE of 264 leads in 184 patients(pts)(mean age 69 ± 14 years, 131 male, mean BMI 27 ± 11m2/kg, LVEF 43± 27%) was performed. Indications for TLE included lead dysfunction (60.4%), upgrade (18.9%), infection (13.2%), or other (6.3%). TLE was first attempted using mechanical approach, and eventually combined with laser technique. Extraction procedures were performed under general anesthesia with continuous invasive arterial blood pressure and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) monitoring. Severity of PE was defined as mild (<10 mm), moderate (11–20 mm), or severe (≥20 mm). Summary of Results: TLE was complete for 256 of 264 leads (97.0%). PE developed in 11 pts (6.0%): mild in 6 pts (3.3%) and severe in 5 pts (2.7%). All patients with severe PE experienced hemodynamic instability; 3 pts required urgent cardiac surgery and 2 patients were treated medically. Key differences between these patients was the site of lesion, namely RV in all patients treated in a conservative manner (fluid infusion and repeated echocardiographic examinations). Laceration of the superior vena cava (2 pts) and right atrial free wall (1 pt) resulted in rescue surgery. Pre-discharge transthoracic echocardiography excluded PE evolution in all cases and no recurrences occurred during follow-up. Conclusion: Sudden onset of severe PE during TLE is a life-threatening condition. Evolution and subsequent pt management depends on the site of lesion, with RV site lesions being self-limiting.
Epitaxy-Free Monocrystalline Silicon Thin Film: First Steps Beyond Proof-of-Concept Solar Cells (2010)

The “Epifree” process involves the lift-off of a high-quality monocrystalline film formed by reorganization upon annealing of cylindrical macropore arrays in silicon, and can thus provide high-quality silicon films for solar cells without resorting to epitaxy. Proof-of-concept cells have previously been achieved and this paper briefly presents the latest progress, with a first development of thicker films up to 2.4 μm and the inclusion of a-Si rear-side passivation. The efficiency of 1-μm-thin cells could be improved from 2.6 to 4.1% but the Voc stayed limited and a-Si passivation was found unsuitable for the current cell structure. For complete information the reader is referred to the corresponding paper published in the conference special edition of Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications.
Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol with Copper-Based Catalysts (2021)

Electrochemical CO2 reduction presents a sustainable route to storage of intermittent renewable energy. Ethanol is an important target product, which is used as a fuel additive and as a chemical feedstock. However, electrochemical ethanol production is challenging, as it involves the transfer of multiple electrons and protons alongside C–C bond formation. To date, the most commonly employed and effective catalysts are copper-based materials. This Review presents and categorizes the most efficient and selective Cu-based electrocatalysts, which are divided into three main groups: oxide-derived copper, bimetallics, and copper- and nitrogen-doped carbon materials. Only a few other specific examples fall outside this classification. The catalytic performance of these materials for ethanol production in aqueous conditions is discussed in terms of current density, overpotential, and faradaic efficiency. A critical evaluation of the factors that contribute to high performance is provided to aid the design of more efficient catalysts for selective ethanol formation.