gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelet decomposition of nonstationary heart rate variability (2002)

Power spectral density (PSD) of the long-term, 24-hour heart rate variability (LHRV) is widely used for risk stratification and noninvasive assessment of autonomic balance. The method can correctly identify the total power changes, but spectral estimates over narrow frequency ranges are inaccurate because of nonstationary character of the signal. An energy-frequency distribution (EFD) of LHRV based on a wavelet transform is proposed to overcome the nonstationarity problem and to obtain accurate spectral estimates over narrow frequency ranges. Holter ECGs from 54 patients with chronic autonomic imbalance and 27 normal subjects were used to derive the LHRV-signals. Mean EFD showed a characteristic peak that was shifted toward lower frequencies in patients compared to normal subjects. The slope of EFD at the high frequency ranges (>0.0329 Hz) was smaller in patients than in healthy subjects. EFD of 24-hour heart rate variability might be used as a more accurate tool for spectral estimation of the nonstationary frequency components than the power spectral integration over empirical frequency ranges.
Task-driven saliency using natural statistics (SUN) (2010)

Based on an assumption that one main goal of the visual attention system is to direct attention towards objects of interest, we have derived a probabilistic model of salience. The resulting model, Saliency Using Natural Statistics (SUN), is grounded in probabilities learned through the experience of the natural world. These probabilities decompose into three parts: knowledge about what features are rare or novel, the visual appearance of particular objects of interest, and where those objects are likely to occur in a scene. Bottom-up saliency is defined by SUN as rare combinations of features, and an implementation of this component of the SUN model has been shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance predicting human eye-movement fixations when free viewing static images (Zhang et al., in press) and video. SUN's bottom-up saliency model also predicts visual search asymmetries that other models of bottom-up salience based only on the current image fail to capture. However, when interacting with the world, we do so with a focus. Models of visual attention likewise need to be driven by the task at hand. Here we implement the remaining portions of SUN, a location prior which guides attention to likely locations of the target and a probabilistic appearance model in the spirit of the Guided Search (Wolfe, 1994) and Iconic Search (Rao et al., 1996) models. We evaluate our model on the publicly available dataset of Torralba et al. (2006) that contains eye-tracking data collected from subjects asked to count people, cups, or paintings in indoor or outdoor scenes. We show that the full SUN model achieves superior performance in predicting human fixations, suggesting that learned knowledge of targets' appearance, location, and the rarity of features play a role in determining where to fixate.
Declustering and load-balancing methods for parallelizing geographic information systems (1998)

Declustering and load balancing are important issues in designing a high performance geographic information system (HPGIS), which is a central component of many interactive applications such as real time terrain visualization. The current literature provides efficient methods for declustering spatial point data. However, there has been little work toward developing efficient declustering methods for collections of extended objects, like chains of line segments and polygons. We focus on the data partitioning approach to parallelizing GIS operations. We provide a framework for declustering collections of extended spatial objects by identifying the following key issues: (1) work load metric; (2) spatial extent of the work load; (3) distribution of the work load over the spatial extent; and (4) declustering method. We identify and experimentally evaluate alternatives for each of these issues. In addition, we also provide a framework for dynamically balancing the load between different processors. We experimentally evaluate the proposed declustering and load balancing methods on a distributed memory MIMD machine (Cray T3D). Experimental results show that the spatial extent and the work load metric are important issues in developing a declustering method. Experiments also show that the replication of data is usually needed to facilitate dynamic load balancing, since the cost of local processing is often less than the cost of data transfer for extended spatial objects. In addition, we also show that the effectiveness of dynamic load balancing techniques can be improved by using declustering methods to determine the subsets of spatial objects to be transferred during runtime.
Estrogen Replacement by Inhalation (1999)

Thaler, C J MD.1; Strowitzki, T MD.2; Schulz, H MD.3; Brand, P PhD.3; Kohlhäufl, M MD. 3; Meyer, Th MD.1; Scheuch, G PhD.1; Hiiussinger, K MD.3; Heyder, J PhD1; Caponetti, G PhD.4; Edwards, D PhD4 Author Information
Laser Ignition, Optics and Contamination of Optics in an I.C. Engine (2004)

Due to the progresses in exhaust emission after-treatment systems and in the development of new combustion processes, the S.I. engine has been booming in the past few years. But the efficiency will have to be improved in the future. Because of its thermodynamic benefits, the S.I. direct injection engine of the second generation — so called air guided system — shows the highest potential for gasoline engines to reduce fuel consumption. However, there are restrictions when using conventional spark ignition system. They concern the optimum position of ignition initialization and spark-plug wear, the latter being caused by inhomogeneous mixture distribution. The laser-induced ignition enables a flexible choice of the ignition location and a wear resistant initialization of the combustion process. The most crucial component here is the optics (the combustion-chamber window), through which the laser beam passes into the combustion chamber. In this paper, laser-induced ignition is discussed and its potential compared to a conventional ignition system is presented. In addition, several optic configurations are presented as well as tests regarding the minimum required laser energy and the optic contamination and self-cleaning effect of the optics. At the Institute of Internal Combustion Engines at the Vienna University of Technology the optic contamination and self-cleaning effect, which is crucial for a long-term operation, was tested on a two-cylinder research engine.
Matrix pencil method for inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging (2003)

A study of a new high-resolution method called the matrix pencil method for inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging is presented. Simulation comparison of the matrix pencil method and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method demonstrates the superiority of the matrix pencil method. The matrix pencil method is tested on a real data set and it is found to be very successful as compared to other high resolution techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Photoionization (PI) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Extracellular Factors Influencing the In Vitro Protein Synthesis of Platelets (1979)

Summary Regulation of platelet protein synthesis by selected extracellular factors and events have been examined. Protein synthetic function was assessed by the incorporation of 3H-leucine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable protein and was characterized by: a) incorporation of 0.1 μ moles leucine/hr/1088 platelets; b) sensitivity to puromycin but not actinomycin D; and c) synthesis of multiple size species. Inhibition and potentiation of the rate of protein synthesis by extracellular factors was demonstrable. Plasma and serum both inhibited protein synthesis, and the inhibitory effect appeared to be dependent upon a cooperative effect of two distinct plasma factors. The inhibitory effect may reflect a decrease in the rate of protein synthesis and/or an increase in the rate of protein catabolism. Fibrinogen and its plasmic cleavage products X, Y and E did not affect platelet protein synthesis; but the D: E complex and D fragment produced approximately 50% increases in the rate of synthesis. Protein synthesis and the release reaction appeared to be independent cellular functions as ADP, thrombin, AMP, ATP, adenosine and dibutyryl derivatives of cyclic AMP and GMP did not influence protein synthesis. Epinephrine at 1 mM inhibited the initial rate of protein synthesis by 45%; however, this effect appeared to be independent of the release reaction. It is concluded that platelet protein synthesis in vitro is independent of selected platelet hemostatic functions such as the release reaction but is susceptible to regulation by agents which occur in vivo.
Polarimetric backscattered Mueller matrix bidirectional reflectance distribution function (MmBRDF) for remote inspection of spacecrafts (2014)

Thermal insulation of space satellites and space probes often consists of Multi-layer insulation (MLI), composed of multiple layers of Mylar or Kapton coated on one side with a thin layer of metal, typically silver or aluminum. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the optical characteristics of several materials used as integral part in the design of spacecrafts. In this study, preliminary results on the remote interrogation of Mylar layers, using backscattered polarimetric imaging, at different aspect angles, are reported. Specifically, the Mueller matrix of the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution function (MmBRDF) for Mylar was constructed, based on the estimation of the Mueller matrix (MM) elements, at different aspect angles of the target, under quasi-monostatic geometry. Measurements were performed using an in-house-built, auto calibrated, scalable imaging polarimetric system. The calibration results demonstrate the high quality of the acquired measurements, characterized by stability, and accuracy. The outcome of the study indicates that polarimetric backscattered Mueller matrix enhances significantly the intrinsic merit of our system to monitor, inspect and characterize materials commonly used in space.
<em>In Vivo</em> Investigation of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Multidrug-resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> Burn Infections Using Bioluminescence Imaging (2017)

In Vivo Investigation Of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy For Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Burn Infections Using Bioluminescence Imaging - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
Iron‐Catalysed Markovnikov Hydrothiolation of Styrenes (2012)

Abstract The bis(triflimide)iron(III) salt catalyzes the hydrothiolation of styrenes in a Markovnikov fashion with good selectivities and high yields. After isolation, different benzylic thioethers are obtained. This iron(III) catalyst is unique in terms of regioselectivity and represents a sustainable and economic alternative to those processes based on stoichiometric reagents.
Optoelectronic fiber codrawn from conducting, semiconducting, and insulating materials (2023)

The invention provides techniques for drawing fibers that include conducting, semiconducting, and insulating materials in intimate contact and prescribed geometries. The resulting fiber exhibits engineered electrical and optical functionalities along extended fiber lengths. The invention provides corresponding processes for producing such fibers, including assembling a fiber preform of a plurality of distinct materials, e.g., of conducting, semiconducting, and insulating materials, and drawing the preform into a fiber.
Incremental Raycasting of Piecewise Quadratic Surfaces on the GPU (2006)

To overcome the limitations of triangle and point based surfaces several authors have recently investigated surface representations that are based on higher order primitives. Among these are MPU, SLIM surfaces, dynamic skin surfaces and higher order iso-surfaces. Up to now these representations were not suitable for interactive applications because of the lack of an efficient rendering algorithm. In this paper we close this gap for implicit surface representations of degree two by developing highly optimized GPU implementations of the raycasting algorithm. We investigate techniques for fast incremental raycasting and cover per fragment and per quadric backface culling. We apply the approaches to the rendering of SLIM surfaces, quadratic iso-surfaces over tetrahedral meshes and bilinear quadrilaterals. Compared to triangle based surface approximations of similar geometric error we achieve only slightly lower frame rates but with much higher visual quality due to the quadratic approximation power of the underlying surfaces
P-Chiral, N-phosphoryl sulfonamide Brønsted acids with an intramolecular hydrogen bond interaction that modulates organocatalysis (2019)

Brønsted acids exemplified by OttoPhosa I (5c) were designed and evaluated in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of quinolines. Their catalytic properties are modulated by an intramolecular hydrogen bond that rigidifies their catalytic cavity, accelerates the reaction rate and improves enantioselectivity.
Halogen‐Bond‐Assisted Guest Inclusion in a Synthetic Cavity (2015)

The confined space inside a self-assembled cage enhanced halogen bonding (XB) between iodoperfluorocarbons (XB donors) and NO3(-) anions or H2O molecules (XB acceptors), as confirmed by NMR spectroscopy in solution and by X-ray crystallography in the solid state. The cavity also bound an XB donor-acceptor pair, C6F3I3 and C6H5NMe2, in a selective pairwise fashion.
Slot Waveguides for Achieving 147-nm-wide and −31.3 ps/(m·nm) Dispersion and Near-zero Flattened Dispersion (2009)

We propose on-chip slot-waveguide-based dispersion-flattening devices, which can exhibit either a highly negative dispersion of −31300 ps/nm/km over 147-nm bandwidth, or a near-zero dispersion of 0±350 ps/nm/km over 306 nm bandwidth.
Mesogenic Polymer Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display Exhibiting Monostability with High Contrast Ratio and Grayscale Capability. (1997)

We have fabricated a new ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) display that exhibits monostable electrooptical characteristics with high contrast ratio (160:1) owing to freedom from defects, grayscale capability without threshold, and fast response (70 µs). A FLC(ZLI-4654-100, Merck) is subjected to polymer stabilization by UV photocure of a mixture of doped monoacrylates with a mesogenic side chain particularly at a temperature where the LC medium is in the SmC * phase under the simultaneous application of a monopolar electric field.
Paired Related Homeobox Protein 1 is a Regulator of Stemness in Adult Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells (2013)

Newborn neurons are generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) in two major niches of the adult brain. Maintenance of self-renewal and multipotency of adult NSCs is controlled by multiple transcription factor networks. We show here that paired related homeobox protein Prx1 (MHox1/Prrx1) plays an important role in the maintenance of adult NSCs. Prx1 works with the transcription factor Sox2 as a coactivator, and depletion of Prx1 in cultured adult mouse NSCs reduces their self-renewal. In addition, we find that Prx1 protein is expressed in Sox2(+)/GFAP(+)/Nestin(+) astrocytes in the germinal regions of the adult mouse forebrain. The continuous expression of Prx1 in proliferating adult mouse hippocampal stem/progenitor cells in vivo leads to the generation of radial/horizontal-shaped astrocyte progenitor- and oligodendrocyte progenitor-like cells with no newborn neurons in the neurogenic niche. These data suggest that Prx1 plays an important role as a key switch for neural cell lineage determination and the maintenance of the self-renewal of adult NSCs at several stages in the adult brain.
Measuring the porosity and compressibility of liquid-suspended porous particles using ultrasound (2017)

A key parameter describing the behavior of suspensions is the volume fraction ϕ of the solid particles that are dispersed in the liquid. Obtaining accurate values for ϕ becomes difficult for porous particles, because they can absorb some of the liquid. A prime example are the widely used cornstarch suspensions, for which ϕ usually is only estimated from the mass fraction of particles. Here we present a method to measure the effective porosity and compressibility of porous particles with ultrasound. We obtain the speed of sound in dilute cornstarch suspensions at multiple particle concentrations and with different solvent compressibilities. With the measured particle porosity of 0.31 we are able to calculate the volume fraction of the saturated particles reliably.
Development of a Manufacturing Process for an HCV Protease Inhibitor Candidate Molecule (2014)

The scale-up of a prototype HCV protease inhibitor (1) from gram scale in the laboratory to kilogram scale in the pilot plant is described. Key features of the optimization included the synthesis of bulk quantities of exomethylene proline intermediate 6, separation of the diastereomers of spirocycle 2 without chromatography, isolation of the precursor to 1 to purge byproducts that might raise genotoxic structural alerts, and purification of an amorphous drug substance via a crystalline acetic acid solvate.
Automatic airway segmentation from Computed Tomography using robust and efficient 3-D convolutional neural networks (2021)

This paper presents a fully automatic and end-to-end optimised airway segmentation method for thoracic computed tomography, based on the U-Net architecture. We use a simple and low-memory 3D U-Net as backbone, which allows the method to process large 3D image patches, often comprising full lungs, in a single pass through the network. This makes the method simple, robust and efficient. We validated the proposed method on three datasets with very different characteristics and various airway abnormalities: i) a dataset of pediatric patients including subjects with cystic fibrosis, ii) a subset of the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial, including subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and iii) the EXACT'09 public dataset. We compared our method with other state-of-the-art airway segmentation methods, including relevant learning-based methods in the literature evaluated on the EXACT'09 data. We show that our method can extract highly complete airway trees with few false positive errors, on scans from both healthy and diseased subjects, and also that the method generalizes well across different datasets. On the EXACT'09 test set, our method achieved the second highest sensitivity score among all methods that reported good specificity.
Deep learning to predict the lab-of-origin of engineered DNA (2018)

Genetic engineering projects are rapidly growing in scale and complexity, driven by new tools to design and construct DNA. There is increasing concern that widened access to these technologies could lead to attempts to construct cells for malicious intent, illegal drug production, or to steal intellectual property. Determining the origin of a DNA sequence is difficult and time-consuming. Here deep learning is applied to predict the lab-of-origin of a DNA sequence. A convolutional neural network was trained on the Addgene plasmid dataset that contained 42,364 engineered DNA sequences from 2230 labs as of February 2016. The network correctly identifies the source lab 48% of the time and 70% it appears in the top 10 predicted labs. Often, there is not a single "smoking gun" that affiliates a DNA sequence with a lab. Rather, it is a combination of design choices that are individually common but collectively reveal the designer.
Compressed representation of feature vectors using a Bloomier filter and its application to specific object recognition (2009)

Nearest neighbor search of feature vectors representing local features is often employed for specific object recognition. In such a method, it is required to store many feature vectors to match them by distance calculation. The number of feature vectors is, in general, so large that a huge amount of memory is needed for their storage. A way to solve this problem is to skip the distance calculation because no feature vectors need to be stored if there is no need to calculate the distance. In this paper, we propose a method of object recognition without distance calculation. The characteristic point of the proposed method is to use a Bloomier filter, which is far memory efficient than hash tables, for storage and matching of feature vectors. From experiments of planar and 3D specific object recognition, the proposed method is evaluated in comparison to a method with a hash table.
Flexible Enantiodivergent Synthesis and Biological Activity of Mannostatin Analogues, New Cyclitol Glycosidase Inhibitors (1996)

Mannostatin A (1) is a new cyclitol inhibitor of glycoprotein processing. 2-Epimannostatin A (12) and its enantiomer (13) as well as their positional isomers (14, 15) were designed for probing structure-activity relationships in this class of glycosidase inhibitors. The analogues have been synthesized from (S)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-cyclopentenone by an enantiodivergent strategy in a totally stereospecific fashion. Compound 13 showed inhibition against almond beta-glucosidase and is shown to be a topographical analogue of beta-D-glucopyranoside.