gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corral: A Solver for Reachability Modulo Theories (2012)

Consider a sequential programming language with control flow constructs such as assignments, choice, loops, and procedure calls. We restrict the syntax of expressions in this language to one that can be efficiently decided by a satisfiability-modulo-theories solver. For such a language, we define the problem of deciding whether a program can reach a particular control location as the reachability-modulo-theories problem. This paper describes the architecture of Corral, a semi-algorithm for the reachability-modulo-theories problem. Corral uses novel algorithms for inlining procedures on demand (Stratified Inlining) and abstraction refinement (Hierarchical Refinement). The paper also presents an evaluation of Corral against other related tools. Corral consistently outperforms its competitors on most benchmarks.
B24 Development of Standing Balance Measurement System Using Distributed Triaxial Force Sensor (2006)

The bottom of a person's foot grips the floor for balance, and the action force and action moment work at the foot bottom when he maintains posture and moves. A lot of equipment to measure the floor reaction force have been researched. However, no floor reaction force meter exists that can measure distribution information force in three directions. This paper aims at the development of a standing balance measurement system that exists from measuring instrument that distributed 6×4 three axis force sensors and software that displays and preserves the output of the sensor element. A time change of force that worked at the foot bottom is sought as vectors, and they are displayed with three-dimensional images whose data can be intuitively understood. The results of experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the standing balance measurement system.
Trifunctional Fe3O4/CaP/Alginate Core–Shell–Corona Nanoparticles for Magnetically Guided, pH-Responsive, and Chemically Targeted Chemotherapy (2017)

Chemotherapy of bladder cancer has limited efficacy because of the short retention time of drugs in the bladder during therapy. In this research, nanoparticles (NPs) with a new core/shell/corona nanostructure have been synthesized, consisting of iron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) as the core to providing magnetic properties, drug (doxorubicin) loaded calcium phosphate (CaP) as the shell for pH-responsive release, and arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD)-containing peptide functionalized alginate as the corona for cell targeting (with the composite denoted as RGD-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/CaP/Alg NPs). We have optimized the reaction conditions to obtain RGD-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/CaP/Alg NPs with high biocompatibility and suitable particle size, surface functionality, and drug loading/release behavior. The results indicate that the RGD-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/CaP/Alg NPs exhibit enhanced chemotherapy efficacy toward T24 bladder cancer cells, owing to successful magnetic guidance, pH-responsive release, and improved cellular uptake, which give these NPs great potential as therapeutic agents for future in vivo drug delivery systems.
Maturation-associated gene expression profiles during normal human bone marrow erythropoiesis (2019)

Erythropoiesis has been extensively studied using in vitro and in vivo animal models. Despite this, there is still limited data about the gene expression profiles (GEP) of primary (ex vivo) normal human bone marrow (BM) erythroid maturation. We investigated the GEP of nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) precursors during normal human BM erythropoiesis. Three maturation-associated populations of NRBC were identified and purified from (fresh) normal human BM by flow cytometry and the GEP of each purified cell population directly analyzed using DNA-oligonucleotide microarrays. Overall, 6569 genes (19% of the genes investigated) were expressed in ≥1 stage of BM erythropoiesis at stable (e.g., genes involved in DNA process, cell signaling, protein organization and hemoglobin production) or variable amounts (e.g., genes related to cell differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism), the latter showing a tendency to either decrease from stage 1 to 3 (genes associated with regulation of erythroid differentiation and survival, e.g., <i>SPI1</i>, <i>STAT5A</i>) or increase from stage 2 to stage 3 (genes associated with autophagy, erythroid functions such as heme production, e.g., <i>ALAS1</i>, ALAS2), iron metabolism (e.g., <i>ISCA1, SLC11A2</i>), protection from oxidative stress (e.g., <i>UCP2</i>, <i>PARK7</i>), and NRBC enucleation (e.g., <i>ID2</i>, <i>RB1</i>). Interestingly, genes involved in apoptosis (e.g., <i>CASP8, P2RX1</i>) and immune response (e.g., <i>FOXO3, TRAF6</i>) were also upregulated in the last stage (stage 3) of maturation of NRBC precursors. Our results confirm and extend on previous observations and providing a frame of reference for better understanding the critical steps of human erythroid maturation and its potential alteration in patients with different clonal and non-clonal erythropoietic disorders.
Wireless Sensing and Identification of Passive Electromagnetic Sensors based on Millimetre-wave FMCW RADAR (2013)

Abstract — The wireless measurement of various physical quantities from the analysis of the RADAR Cross Sections variability of passive electromagnetic sensors is presented. A millimetre-wave Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave RADAR is used for both remote sensing and wireless identification of sensors. Long reading ranges (up to some decameters) may be reached at the expense of poor measurement resolution (typically 10%). T I.
Differential activation of phospholipases during necrosis or apoptosis: A comparative study using tumor necrosis factor and anti-Fas antibodies (1998)

Phospholipases generate important secondary messengers in several cellular processes, including cell death. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can induce two distinct modes of cell death, viz. necrosis and apoptosis. Here we demonstrate that phospholipase D (PLD) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) are differentially activated during TNF-induced necrosis or apoptosis. Moreover, a comparative study using TNF and anti-Fas antibodies as cell death stimuli showed that PLD and cPLA2 are specifically activated by TNF. These results indicate that both the mode of cell death and the type of death stimulus determine the potential role of phospholipases as generators of secondary messengers.
Temporal mammographic registration for evaluation of architecture changes in cancer risk assessment (2019)

While breast cancer screening recommendations vary by agency, all agencies recommend mammographic screening with some frequency over some portion of a woman’s lifetime. Temporal evaluation of these images may inform personalized risk of breast cancer. However, due to the highly deformable nature of breast tissue, the positioning of breast tissue may vary widely between exams. Therefore, registration of physical regions in the breast over time points is a critical first step in computerized analysis of changes in breast parenchyma over time. While a postregistration image is altered and therefore not appropriate for radiomic texture analysis, the registration process produces a mapping of points which may aid in aligning similar image regions across multiple time points. In this study, a total of 633 mammograms from 87 patients were retrospectively collected. These images were sorted into 1144 temporal pairs, where each combination of images of a given women of a given laterality was used to form a temporal pair. B-splines registration and multi-resolution registration were performed on each mammogram pair. While the B-splines took an average of 552.8 CPU seconds per registration, multi-resolution registration took only an average of 346.2 CPU seconds per registration. Multi-resolution registration had a 15% lower mean square error, which was significantly different than that of B-splines (p&lt;0.001). While previous work aimed to allow radiologists to visually evaluate the registered images, this study identifies corresponding points on images for use in assessing interval change for risk assessment and early detection of cancer through deep learning and radiomics.
Dissociative chemisorption of H2 on Cu(100): A four-dimensional study of the effect of parallel translational motion on the reaction dynamics (1996)

Results are reported of a four-dimensional dynamics study on the dissociation of H2 on Cu(100). The potential-energy surface was taken from density functional calculations, which employed the generalized gradient approximation and a slab representation for the surface. Reaction occurs preferentially in impacts near the bridge and hollow sites. Collisions near top sites promote vibrational excitation. The conclusion that vibrationally inelastic scattering and reaction occur preferentially on different sites can be generalized to other low index Cu surfaces. Resonances affect the reaction in the 4D model through a mechanism in which the molecule, trapped by excitation of the molecular bond which is weakened at the surface near top sites, is allowed more time to tunnel through the barrier to reaction. The calculated dependence of the diffraction probabilities on incidence energy suggests that a measurement of low-order diffraction would be able to determine whether the minimum barrier to reaction occurs for impacts on the bridge sites (as theory predicts) or on the hollow or top sites. The calculated reaction probabilities are in good agreement with experiment, further improvement being expected from including the rotational degrees of freedom in the model.
Mitral regurgitation: anatomy is destiny (2018)

Mitral regurgitation (MR) occurs when any of the valve and ventricular mitral apparatus components are disturbed. As MR progresses, left ventricular remodelling occurs, ultimately causing heart failure when the enlarging left ventricle (LV) loses its conical shape and becomes globular. Heart failure and lethal ventricular arrhythmias may develop if the left ventricular end-systolic volume index exceeds 55 ml/m2. These adverse changes persist despite satisfactory correction of the annular component of MR. Our goal was to describe this process and summarize evolving interventions that reduce the volume of the left ventricle and rebuild its elliptical shape. This 'valve/ventricle' approach addresses the spherical ventricular culprit and offsets the limits of treating MR by correcting only its annular component.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Step Synthesis of 2,4‐Unsubstituted Quinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acid Esters from o‐Nitrobenzaldehydes. (2010)

Abstract The methodology uses commercially available esters (II) and (V), is operationally simple and tolerates a broad spectrum of functionalities.
Operational information content sum capacity: Formulation and examples (2011)

This paper considers Quality-of-Information (QoI) aware rate allocation policies for multiple access channels. QoI is a recently introduced composite metric which is impacted by a number of attributes including accuracy and timeliness of delivery of information communicated from the source(s) to the destination(s), and as such differs from traditional quality-of-service metrics considered to date. The focus of this work is defining the Operational Information Content Sum Capacity (OICC-S) of a network, achieved by the set of QoI-vectors supported which maximize sum utility of the system. This utility is defined as a function of the QoI attributes provided by the source input, as well as the channel induced attributes that impact the QoI delivered to the destination(s). Optimum rate allocation to maximize the output sum utility and achieve OICC-S of the network for various settings is provided, and demonstrated to differ from the solution that provides maximum throughput.
Spin-valve thermal stability - interdiffusion versus exchange biasing (2005)

Summary form only given. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
Electron-blocking mechanisms at the hole transport layer-emissive layer interface in polymer light-emitting diodes: enhanced device performance with a novel electron-blocking interlayer (2004)

The interface between the hole transport layer (HTL) and emissive layer (EML) in polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) has attracted intense research attentioin since the initial discovery of PLEDs in 1989. In this contribution, we analyze the electron-blocking properties of various HTL at this interface and their effect on PLED device performance. We find that poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) - a conventional PLED HTL - does not possess optimum electron-blocking properties and that PLED device performance can be significantly enhanced by inserting a new type of electron-blocking layer (EBL) between the PEDOT-PSS HTL and EML. The new EBLs developed in this study consist of two major components: a siloxane-derivatized, crosslinkable, TPD-like triarylamine hole-transporting material, such as 4,4’-bis[(p-trichlorosilylpropylphenyl)phenylamino]biphenyl (TPDSi<sub>2</sub>), and a hole-transporting polymer, such as poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene-co-N-(4-butylphenyl) diphenylamine) (TFB). TPDSi<sub>2</sub> undergoes crosslinking in air and rendering the TPDSi<sub>2</sub> + TFB blend insoluble. With the TPDSi<sub>2</sub> + TFB EBL inserted between PEDOT-PSS and BT layers, PLED device current density is reduced, device light output and current efficiency are dramatically increased (maximum current efficiency ~ 17 cd/A). Our result shows: 1) insufficient electron-blocking by PEDOT-PSS is another reason for the poor performance of PEDOT-PSS/BT based devices; 2) PLED device performance can be dramatically enhanced with a triarylamine siloxane-based EBLs.
Gravino Theory: A Simple Physical Model to Explain Gravity (2020)

A simple physical model called gravino theory is presented in this paper to explain gravity. The theory is based on the following three fundamental assumptions: 1) the Universe is filled by extremely small particles that move with the speed of light and are weakly absorbed by the material; 2) this gravino gas emits very weak electromagnetic radiation; 3) the speed of light depends on the local drift velocity of the gravino gas. Consequences of the assumptions and interesting results obtained from the gravino theory are discussed in the paper.
Low Bandwidth Network-RTK Correction Dissemination for High Accuracy Maritime Navigation (2021)

More than half of the incidents reported to EMSA relate to nautical events such as collision, groundings and contacts. Knowledge of accurate and high-integrity positioning is therefore not only a need for future automated shipping but a base for today’s safe navigation. Examples on accidents include Ever Given in the Suez Canal and HNoMS Helge Ingstad in Norway. A Network-RTK (NRTK) service can be used as an augmentation technique to improve performance of shipborne GNSS receivers for future positioning of manned and unmanned vessels in restricted areas, such as port areas, fairways, and inland water ways. NRTK service providers generate RTK corrections based on the observations of networks of GNSS reference stations which enables the users to determine their position with centimeter accuracy in real-time using a shipborne GNSS receiver. Selection of appropriate communication channels for dissemination of NRTK corrections data is the key to a secure positioning (localization) service. In PrePare-Ships project, the modern maritime communication system VDES (VHF Data Exchange System) is proposed to distribute SWEPOS (NRTK in Sweden) correction data to shipborne positioning modules. VDES is a very reliable technique and it is compatible with most onboard functionalities. In order to minimize the impact on the overall VDES data capacity in a local area, NRTK correction data shall only occupy a single VDES slot with a net capacity of 650 bytes. Update rates may vary but are preferably at 1Hz. However, NRTK correction data size changes instantly, depending on the number of visible GNSS satellites, and the data rate can therefore sometimes reach in excess of 1000 byte/s. In this study, a smart technique is proposed to reduce size of NRTK correction data to instantly adapt with the VDES requirements by choosing a combination of specific signals, satellites or even constellations such that the data rate is not more than 650 byte/s, and at the same time it achieves optimal positioning performance with the accuracy required by the PrePare-Ships project application.
A FAMILY OF RLSL ADAPTIVE ALGORITHMS SUITABLE FOR FIXED-POINT IMPLEMENTATION (2007)

This paper proposes a family of Recursive Least-Squares Lattice (RLSL) adaptive algorithms suitable for fixed-point implementation. These algorithms are based on a modified form of the cost function in order to obtain an asymptotically unbiased estimator of the mean-square error, reducing significantly the dynamic range of the parameters. In order to achieve an enhanced numerical accuracy an error-feedback mechanism could be employed. These improvements lead to facilities for fixed-point implementations.
A Multi-Specific DARPin Potently Neutralizes Shiga Toxin 2 via Simultaneous Modulation of Both Toxin Subunits (2022)

Shiga toxin-producing <i>E. coli</i> (STEC) is a common cause of bloody diarrhea. The pathology of STEC infection derives from two exotoxins-Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) and Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2)-that are secreted by STEC in the gut, from where they are systemically absorbed, causing severe kidney damage leading to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Currently, there is no effective treatment for HUS, and only supportive care is recommended. We report the engineering of a panel of designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPin) with potent neutralization activity against Stx2a, the major subtype associated with HUS. The best dimeric DARPin, SD5, created via a combination of directed evolution and rational design, neutralizes Stx2a with a half maximal effective concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of 0.61 nM <i>in vitro.</i> The two monomeric DARPin constituents of SD5 exhibit complementary functions-SHT targets the enzymatic A subunit of Stx2a and inhibits the toxin's catalytic activity, while DARPin #3 binds the B subunit, based on the cryo-EM study, and induces a novel conformational change in the B subunit that distorts its five-fold symmetry and presumably interferes with toxin attachment to target cells. SD5 was fused to an albumin-binding DARPin, and the resulting trimeric DARPin DA1-SD5 efficiently protects mice in a toxin challenge model, pointing to a high potential of this DARPin as a therapeutic for STEC infection. Finally, the unprecedented toxin conformational change induced by DARPin #3 represents a novel mode of action for neutralizing Stx2 toxicity and reveals new targets for future drug development.
Modulating Target Site Selection During Human Immunodeficiency Virus DNA Integration In Vitro with an Engineered Tethering Factor (2006)

The mechanisms controlling retroviral integration have been the topic of intense interest, in part because of adverse clinical events that occurred during retrovirus-mediated human gene therapy. Here we investigate the use of artificial tethering interactions to constrain retroviral integration site selection in an in vitro model. Dur-ing normal infection, HIV DNA integration is favored in active cellular transcription units. One component of the targeting mechanism is the cellular LEDGF/p75 protein. LEDGF/p75 binds tightly to HIV integrase (IN) protein, and depletion of LEDGF/p75 from target cells results in reduced integration in transcription units, suggesting integration targeting by a tethering mechanism. We constructed and analyzed fusions of LEDGF/p75 or its IN-binding domain (IBD) to the DNA-binding domain of phage repressor protein (R). In the pres-ence of the R-LEDGF/p75 fusions, increased strand transfer by IN was seen in target DNA near R-binding sites in vitro. These data support the idea that a direct interaction between LEDGF/p75 and IN can mediate targeting via a tethering mechanism, and provide proof of concept for the idea that protein–protein interac-tions might be engineered to constrain integration site selection during human gene therapy. 960 OVERVIEW SUMMARY A series of studies has focused on methods for controlling in-tegration site selection by retroviruses. Some success has been achieved with fusions of retroviral integrase proteins (INs) to sequence-specific DNA-binding domains, which promote inte-gration near cognate DNA recognition sites. However, in ex-periments performed so far, vectors containing such fusions show only slight specificity and reduced titer. Here we provide an in vitro model for another approach: linking INs to target DNA via protein–protein interactions that tether IN near fa-vored sites. Our data support the idea that this mechanism op-erates during normal HIV infection, and provide the first ex-ample of engineering target site specificity by this means.
Photovoltaic properties of conjugated polymer/fullerene composites on large area flexible substrates (2000)

&nbsp;(Received June 10, 1999; revised December 31, 1999) In this paper we present measurements of the photovoltaic response of bulk donor-acceptor heterojunction between the conjugated polymer, poly(3-octylthiophene), P3OT, (as a donor, D) and fullerene (methanofullerene), (as acceptor, A), deposited between indium tin oxide and aluminum electrodes. The innovation involves the substrate, which is a polymer foil instead of glass. These devices are based on ultrafast, reversible, metastable photoinduced electron transfer and charge separation. We also present the efficiency and stability studies on large area (6 cm x 6 cm) flexible plastic solar cells with monochromatic energy conversion efficiency (e) of about 1.5% and carrier collection efficiency of nearly 20%. Further more, we have investigated the surface network morphology of these films layers by atomic force microscope (AFM). The development of solar cells based on composites of organic conjugated semi-conducting polymers with fullerene derivatives can provide a new method in the exploitation of solar energy.Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2000, 14(1), 57-68Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia. ISSN: 1011-3924&nbsp;
Technical report: Functional Constraint Extraction From Register Transfer Level for ATPG (2013)

We proposed in "Functional Constraint Extraction From Register Transfer Level for ATPG" that is currently submitted to TVLSI, an automatic functional constraint extractor that can be applied on the RT level. These functional constraints are used to generate pseudo functional test patterns with ATPG tools. The patterns are then used to improve the verification process. This technical report complements the work proposed as it contains the implementation details of the proposed methodology and shows the detailed intermediate and final results of the application of this methodology on a concrete example.