gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AUTOMATING THE LOAD/UNLOAD CYCLE IN CAPACITOR-DISCHARGE WELDING (2023)

Low-voltage capacitor-discharge welding (CDW) process offers environmentally-friendly, high-volume joining of advanced materials in home appliance, cutting tool, automotive, and electromechanical industries among others. Because of high cooling rates in excess of one million &deg;K/s, CDW offers the potential to join dissimilar materials without deleterious phase formation at very high production rates. However, potential industrial users are hesitant to use the CDW process due largely to the unavailability of automation. The objective of this research was to investigate the use of vacuum tooling in automating the load-unload cycle in CDW. The effectiveness of a vacuum chuck is compared to the effectiveness of a mechanical collet by welding together studs of electrically-pure aluminum. Limitations of vacuum tooling for CDW are discussed.
Supplementary Figures S1-S4 from Preclinical Characterization of SGN-70, a Humanized Antibody Directed against CD70 (2023)

Supplementary Figures S1-S4 from Preclinical Characterization of SGN-70, a Humanized Antibody Directed against CD70
Comparison of sub 1 nm TiN/HfO/sub 2/ with poly-Si/HfO/sub 2/ gate stacks using scaled chemical oxide interface (2004)

Chemical oxide scaling by modulating ozone concentration is used to produce SiO/sub x/ interfaces with thickness as low as 0.3 nm for HfO/sub 2/ dielectrics. Poly NMOS capacitors and conventional self-aligned transistors down to 65 nm gate lengths with final EOT ranged from 1.2-1.8 nm were obtained. Sputtered TiN gate on the identical stacks yielded 0.82 nm EOT on NMOS devices using scaled chemical oxide interface with leakage current of 10/sup -3/ A/cm/sup -2/. CV hysteresis of TiN/HfO/sub 2/ was observed to decrease by an order of magnitude from the as deposited value to <10 mV after a 900/spl deg/C N/sub 2/ anneal.
The US inertial confinement fusion (ICF) ignition programme and the inertial fusion energy (IFE) programme (2003)

There has been rapid progress in inertial fusion in the past few years. This progress spans the construction of ignition facilities, a wide range of target concepts and the pursuit of integrated programmes to develop fusion energy using lasers, ion beams and z-pinches.
Toward generic image dewatermarking? (2003)

During the last decade, a significant effort has been put into designing watermarking algorithms. The watermarking community now needs some advanced attacks and fair benchmarks in order to compare the performances of different watermarking technologies. Moreover, attacks permit the weaknesses of an algorithm to be found and consequently trigger further research in order to overcome the problem. These ideas motivated the creation of the European Certimark project. After a short definition of dewatermarking, we present an original attack based on self similarities. This attack is then put to the test with three different publicly available watermarking tools. Finally, we discuss briefly the feasibility of a generic attack i.e. a dewatermarking attack which should succeed in removing whatever watermarks have been inserted by whatever watermarking tools.
Testing Processes (2008)

A process is an important concept in modern software development. Only when the activities are organized in process descriptions, can these be communicated, followed, observed, and improved. The basis for understanding what testing is, is therefore the understanding of the testing process. This paper presents the general concept of a process, and expands on this to present a suggestion for a generic testing process. For each of the activities in this generic process this paper presents suggestions for detailed activities, meant to serve as inspiration for further work on a truly generic testing process.
Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Study of the Interference Effect on a Thin Film of 4,4′-Bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP) and Its Interfacial Orientation (2020)

Molecular organization of vapor-deposited organic molecules in the active layer of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has been a matter of great interest as it directly influences various optoelectronic properties and the overall performance of the devices. Contrary to the general assumption of isotropic molecular orientation in vacuum-deposited thin-film OLEDs, it is possible to achieve an anisotropic molecular distribution at or near the surface under controlled experimental conditions. In this study, we have used interface-specific vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy to determine the orientation of a low-molecular weight OLED material, 4,4'-bis(<i>N</i>-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP), at free (air) and buried (CaF<sub>2</sub>) interfaces. VSFG spectra were measured at four different polarization combinations for five different thicknesses of the CBP film. The spectral shift and VSFG intensity changes with the film thickness can be accurately modeled by considering the optical interference effect of the signals coming from the CBP/air and CBP/CaF<sub>2</sub> interfaces. A global fitting of the experimental spectra for all thicknesses along with theoretical simulations reveal that the long molecular axis of CBP is oriented at an angle of ∼58° (47-70°) from the surface normal at the air/CBP interface, whereas at the CBP/CaF<sub>2</sub> interface, the angle is ∼48° (43-52°). Such a change in the angle (∼10°) suggests that the CBP molecule tends to orient more vertically (edge-on) at the buried CaF<sub>2</sub> interface, which may be attributed to the intermolecular π-π stacking interaction between adjacent CBP molecules.
Generation of Peptides That Promote Positive Selection in the Thymus (2017)

To establish an immunocompetent TCR repertoire that is useful yet harmless to the body, a de novo thymocyte repertoire generated through the rearrangement of genes that encode TCR is shaped in the thymus through positive and negative selection. The affinity between TCRs and self-peptides associated with MHC molecules determines the fate of developing thymocytes. Low-affinity TCR engagement with self-peptide-MHC complexes mediates positive selection, a process that primarily occurs in the thymic cortex. Massive efforts exerted by many laboratories have led to the characterization of peptides that can induce positive selection. Moreover, it is now evident that protein degradation machineries unique to cortical thymic epithelial cells play a crucial role in the production of MHC-associated self-peptides for inducing positive selection. This review summarizes current knowledge on positive selection-inducing self-peptides and Ag processing machineries in cortical thymic epithelial cells. Recent studies on the role of positive selection in the functional tuning of T cells are also discussed.
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the CNS of HIV-infected patients (2006)

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome should be suspected in patients who show clinical or radiologic deterioration following initiation of antiretroviral therapy accompanied with improvement in CD4 cell count and viral load. Some patients may respond to a brief course of treatment with corticosteroids.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects on Annealing on the Microstructure and Phase Chemistry of Directionally Solidified Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Discovery Services-Enabling RFID Traceability in EPCglobal Networks. (2006)

The EPCglobal consortium defines standards to enable data sharing of electronic product code related information within and between enterprises, which typically comprises events of RFID readers as well as product information about the tagged products. An EPCglobal network consists of nodes, each of which may have complex data usage and sharing policies and have a need to collaborate in order to extract full value from the network. The Discovery Services is the key step in enabling creation and adoption of this network of possibly heterogeneous enterprise systems. This work focuses on providing a first implementation of a simple, scalable infrastructure for building Discovery Services. The demonstration illustrates the interplay of three elements of an EPCglobal network: Discovery Services, EPC Information Services (EPCIS), and an application that uses Discovery Services to query EPCIS, which are hosted on multiple EPCIS servers. The application tracks the freshness of avocados across a food supply chain and allows the rerouting of products that are unsatisfactory. The standardization of Discovery Services by EPCglobal is still pending.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Cancer-Associated Adipose Tissue Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Paracrine Oncostatin M and Jak/STAT3 Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Flow chart indicating CM&lt;sup&gt;CAAT&lt;/sup&gt; prepared from 25 breast cancer patients and tested in the experimental conditions described throughout the article. OSM concentration was measured by ELISA for the samples indicated in bold type (see also figure 3C).&lt;/p&gt;
FKBP12 contributes to α-synuclein toxicity by regulating the calcineurin-dependent phosphoproteome (2017)

Calcineurin is an essential Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent phosphatase. Increased calcineurin activity is associated with α-synuclein (α-syn) toxicity, a protein implicated in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Calcineurin can be inhibited with Tacrolimus through the recruitment and inhibition of the 12-kDa <i>cis-trans</i> proline isomerase FK506-binding protein (FKBP12). Whether calcineurin/FKBP12 represents a native physiologically relevant assembly that occurs in the absence of pharmacological perturbation has remained elusive. We leveraged α-syn as a model to interrogate whether FKBP12 plays a role in regulating calcineurin activity in the absence of Tacrolimus. We show that FKBP12 profoundly affects the calcineurin-dependent phosphoproteome, promoting the dephosphorylation of a subset of proteins that contributes to α-syn toxicity. Using a rat model of PD, partial elimination of the functional interaction between FKBP12 and calcineurin, with low doses of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compound Tacrolimus, blocks calcineurin's activity toward those proteins and protects against the toxic hallmarks of α-syn pathology. Thus, FKBP12 can endogenously regulate calcineurin activity with therapeutic implications for the treatment of PD.
Comparison of image alignment on hexagonal and square lattices (2010)

A hexagonal lattice has been researched to improve computer vision and image processing. However, image alignment on the lattice has not been fully discussed yet. In this paper, we perform image alignment on hexagonal and square lattices. Then we compare and evaluate them. We used hexagonal lattices of two sizes. One has the same pixel interval between adjacent pixels as the square lattice, which results in higher resolution than the square one. Another has the same pixel area as the square lattice, which has the same resolution as the square one. The results show that the image alignment of both the hexagonal lattices outperforms that of the square lattice with respect to accuracy and the success rate. Importantly, the results also show that converting an existing large image on the square lattice into the smaller image on the hexagonal ones of both the sizes could improve image alignment.
Adeno-associated virus 2 infection in children with non-A–E hepatitis (2023)

An outbreak of acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children was reported in Scotland<sup>1</sup> in April 2022 and has now been identified in 35 countries<sup>2</sup>. Several recent studies have suggested an association with human adenovirus with this outbreak, a virus not commonly associated with hepatitis. Here we report a detailed case-control investigation and find an association between adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) infection and host genetics in disease susceptibility. Using next-generation sequencing, PCR with reverse transcription, serology and in situ hybridization, we detected recent infection with AAV2 in plasma and liver samples in 26 out of 32 (81%) cases of hepatitis compared with 5 out of 74 (7%) of samples from unaffected individuals. Furthermore, AAV2 was detected within ballooned hepatocytes alongside a prominent T cell infiltrate in liver biopsy samples. In keeping with a CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell-mediated immune pathology, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II HLA-DRB1*04:01 allele was identified in 25 out of 27 cases (93%) compared with a background frequency of 10 out of 64 (16%; P = 5.49 × 10<sup>-12</sup>). In summary, we report an outbreak of acute paediatric hepatitis associated with AAV2 infection (most likely acquired as a co-infection with human adenovirus that is usually required as a 'helper virus' to support AAV2 replication) and disease susceptibility related to HLA class II status.
Solvent-free synthesis of benzothiazole-based quaternary ammonium salts: precursors to ionic liquids (2010)

A series of 13 benzothiazolium iodide salts have been prepared in solvent-free conditions by optimizing the reaction. An additional 26 benzothiazolium salts with bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide and trifluoromethylsulfonate were prepared via simple metathesis reactions from the iodide precursors. Out of a total of 39 prepared salts, 26 were identified as ionic liquids, with melting points as low as 42 o C observed for dodecylbenzothiazolium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide. All prepared compounds have been characterized using FTIR, 1 H, 13 C NMR, and HRMS analyses. The thermal stabilities as well as melting points of these salts were also analyzed.
Reply to ‘‘Melnikov function and homoclinic chaos induced by weak perturbations’’ (1993)

For the case of weak perturbations, our theory is shown to reproduce exactly the results of Simiu and Frey [Phys. Rev. E 48, 3185 (1993)]. In the presence of weak noise, the two approaches yield different results. This can be traced to the neglect of diffusion effects in the Simiu-Frey theory; the inclusion of these effects, via an ensemble-averaged redefinition of the Melnikov function, leads to an additional term involving the noise variance.
Human recombinant truncated RNASET2, devoid of RNase activity; A potential cancer therapeutic agent (2014)

Human RNASET2 has been implicated in antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activities, independent of its ribonuclease capacities. We constructed a truncated version of human RNASET2, starting at E50 (trT2-50) and devoid of ribonuclease activity. trT2-50 maintained its ability to bind actin and to inhibit angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. trT2-50 binds to cell surface actin and formed a complex with actin in vitro. The antiangiogenic effect of this protein was demonstrated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by its ability to arrest tube formation on Matrigel, induced by angiogenic factors. Immunofluorescence staining of HUVECs showed nuclear and cytosolic RNASET2 protein that was no longer detectable inside the cell following trT2-50 treatment. This effect was associated with disruption of the intracellular actin network. trT2-50 co-localized with angiogenin, suggesting that both molecules bind (or compete) for similar cellular epitopes. Moreover, trT2-50 led to a significant inhibition of tumor development. Histological analysis demonstrated abundant necrotic tissue and a substantial loss of endothelial structure in trT2-50-treated tumors. Collectively, the present results indicate that trT2-50, a molecule engineered to be deficient of its catalytic activity, still maintained its actin binding and anticancer-related biological activities. We therefore suggest that trT2-50 may serve as a potential cancer therapeutic agent.
Chemistry of Multitudinous Active Sites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Transition Metal–Nitrogen–Carbon Electrocatalysts (2015)

Development and optimization of non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), consisting of transition metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) framework, is hindered by the partial understanding of the reaction mechanisms and precise chemistry of the active site or sites. In this study, we have analyzed more than 45 M–N–C electrocatalysts synthesized from three different families of precursors, such as polymer-based, macrocycles, and small organic molecules. Catalysts were electrochemically tested and analyzed structurally using exactly the same protocol for deriving structure-to-property relationships. We have identified possible active sites participating in different ORR pathways: (1) metal-free electrocatalysts support partial reduction of O2 to H2O2; (2) pyrrolic nitrogen acts as a site for partial O2 reduction to H2O2; (3) pyridinic nitrogen displays catalytic activity in reducing H2O2 to H2O; (4) Fe coordinated to N (Fe–Nx) serves as an active site for four-electron (4e–) direct reduction of O2 to H2O. The ratio of the amount of pyridinic and Fe–Nx to the amount of pyrrolic nitrogen serves as a rational design metric of M–N–C electrocatalytic activity in oxygen reduction reaction occurring through the preferred 4e– reduction to H2O.
Integrated Optical Circuits Using Doping Superlattices (1988)

A monolithic integrated optical circuit consisting of an LED (light emitting diode), a modulator and a detector on a GaAs substrate is demonstrated. The voltage tunable effective bandgap of doping superlattices is utilized to integrate several physically identical devices which perform different functions depending on their individual bias voltage. The detector responds linearly to the emitter intensity. Linear amplitude modulation is observed with change of modulator bias over an appreciable range.
<title>Ultrahigh-speed processor using optical interconnects</title> (1997)

Optical interconnects have been designed, fabricated, and tested, and a graphics processor based on field-programmable gate arrays has been designed. The board-to-board connection approach is based on multi-channel integrated optical waveguides with novel optoelectronic active connectors, allowing multiple simultaneous data transfers among many boards. Data is transferred from chip to chip through optical data channels within an integrated chip. For electronic processing systems, we developed a preliminary design for a multiprocessor system suitable for both single instruction multiple data and multiple instruction multiple data, and using video random access memory and static random access memory for main memory, look-up table processing, and display interface.
Terabit optical interconnects for exascale data centers (2011)

High-end computing systems are expected to scale from petascale to exascale over the next decade. We describe requirements and architectures for high-bandwidth interconnects and high-radix switches based on photonics that could enable this performance growth.
Programmable Polarity: Effects on Pacing and Sensing of Bipolar Steroid‐Eluting Leads (1996)

Presently available bipolar pacemakers connected to bipolar leads allow the programming of polarity to either bipolar or unipolar configuration. The bipolar configuration improves sensing because of its lack of oversensing. In respect to the pacing impulse, it may be beneficial to program the bipolar to unipolar configuration, because the unipolar pacing configuration seems to lead to lower pacing thresholds. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the two configurations on pacing and sensing in 11 patients with a new ventricular steroid-eluting lead (Encor Dec 033-301, Telectronics Inc.) connected to the same types of VVI(R) pacemakers. Follow-up was 12 months after implantation. Pacing was assessed by pulse duration thresholds at 0.8- 1.6-, and 2.5-V pulse amplitude and by pacing impedance. Parameters for sensing included sensing thresholds, R wave amplitudes, and amplitude of intrinsic deflection. Pulse duration thresholds were similar for the two configurations. At implantation, pacing impedance was significantly higher with bipolar (672 +/- 60 omega) than with unipolar pacing configuration (626 +/- 82 omega, P < 0.005). The difference lasted until 1 month after implantation (bipolar: 670 +/- 49 omega; unipolar: 63053 omega, P < 0.01). No significant differences were detected after 3 (bipolar: 683 +/- 63 omega; unipolar: 662 +/- 70 omega) and 12 months (bipolar: 658 +/- 64 omega; unipolar: 660 +/- 63 omega) between the 2 configurations. Although intrinsic deflections of ventricular electrograms were different, mean R wave amplitudes were similar in unipolar and bipolar configuration. Pacing and sensing characteristics of unipolar and bipolar configuration were similar for the studied bipolar pacing lead. Pacing impedance was initially higher for bipolar than for unipolar configuration and equilibrated within 3 months after implantation.
Using Radio Connectivity to Define Transmission Schedules in Multihop Wireless Networks (2014)

Spatial Classification Multiple Access (SCMA) is introduced as an example of using the radio connectivity among nodes for the dynamic establishment of distributed transmission schedules in wireless multi hop wireless networks. The shared channel is organized into transmission frames whose length in number of time slots is defined solely by the need to avoid hidden-terminal interference, rather than some arbitrary number of time slots related to network size. SCMA is shown to attain feasible transmission schedules within a finite time, and is compared with representative examples of traditional approaches to medium access control (MAC) based on contention, transmission scheduling, and reservations. The results of the analysis show that SCMA attains higher packet delivery ratio, lower average end-to-end delays, and better useful throughput than traditional MAC protocols.
Deterministic methods for stochastic computing using low-discrepancy sequences (2018)

Recently, deterministic approaches to stochastic computing (SC) have been proposed. These compute with the same constructs as stochastic computing but operate on deterministic bit streams. These approaches reduce the area, greatly reduce the latency (by an exponential factor), and produce completely accurate results. However, these methods do not scale well. Also, they lack the property of progressive precision enjoyed by SC. As a result, these deterministic approaches are not competitive for applications where some degree of inaccuracy can be tolerated. In this work we introduce two fast-converging, scalable deterministic approaches to SC based on low-discrepancy sequences. The results are completely accurate when running the operations for the required number of cycles. However, the computation can be truncated early if some inaccuracy is acceptable. Experimental results show that the proposed approaches significantly improve both the processing time and area-delay product compared to prior approaches.
Expression of the MAGE-1 gene in human hepatocellular carcinomas. (2000)

This study shows that MAGE-1 mRNA is highly expressed in HCC tumor tissue in Chinese patients. Previously unreported point mutations in the MAGE-1 gene are described and may also provide additional opportunities for immunotherapy.