gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adhesion Assays of Endothelial Cells on Nanopatterned Surfaces within a Microfluidic Channel (2010)

We present a simple analytical method to measure adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells (CPAEs) using nanopatterned, biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) surfaces for potential applications to artificial tissue-engineered blood vessel. Various nanostructured PLGA surfaces (350 nm wide ridges/350 nm grooves, 350 nm ridges/700 nm grooves, 350 nm ridges/1750 nm grooves, 700 nm ridges/350 nm grooves, 1050 nm ridges/350 nm grooves, 1750 nm ridges/350 nm grooves) and flat (unpatterned) surfaces were fabricated on the bottom of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel of 2 mm width and 60 microm height by using thermal imprinting and irreversible channel bonding. To measure adhesion strength of HUVECs and CPAEs, the cells were exposed to a range of shear stress (12, 40, and 80 dyn/cm(2)) within the channels for 20 min after a preculture for 3 days and the remaining cells were counted under each condition. The highest adhesion strength was found on the surface of 700 nm wide ridges, 350 nm wide grooves for both cell types. The enhanced adhesion on nanopatterned surfaces can be attributed to two aspects: (i) contact guidance along the line direction and (ii) clustered focal adhesions. In particular, the contact guidance induced cell alignment along the line directions, which in turn lowers wall shear stress applied to the cell surface, as supported by a simple hydrodynamic model based on cell morphology.
Neisseria meningitidis: pathogenesis and immunity (2014)

The recent advances in cellular microbiology, genomics, and immunology has opened new horizons in the understanding of meningococcal pathogenesis and in the definition of new prophylactic intervention. It is now clear that Neissera meningitidis has evolved a number of surface structures to mediate interaction with host cells and a number of mechanisms to subvert the immune system and escape complement-mediated killing. In this review we report the more recent findings on meningococcal adhesion and on the bacteria-complement interaction highlighting the redundancy of these mechanisms. An effective vaccine against meningococcus B, based on multiple antigens with different function, has been recently licensed. The antibodies induced by the 4CMenB vaccine could mediate bacterial killing by activating directly the classical complement pathway or, indirectly, by preventing binding of fH on the bacterial surface and interfering with colonization.
Performance analysis of optically bistable thresholders in optical code division multiple access networks (2007)

Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) is a promising multiple-access technique for future all optical networks. In this manuscript, the usefulness of exploiting bistable optical elements as threshold devices in coherent OCDMA systems is analytically investigated, in which the bistability effect is modeled by a simple square loop.
The continuous development of a complete and objective automatic grading system of facial signs from selfie pictures: Asian validation study and application to women of three ethnic origins, differently aged (2020)

The previously used automatic grading system is now completed by adding new facial signs apt at being detected. The continuous development is now integrating some limitations with regard to the constitutive skin complexion of the self-pictured subjects. Presenting reproducible assessments, highly correlated with medical grading, this system could change tremendously clinical researches, like in epidemiological studies, where it offers an easy, fast, affordable, and confidential approach in the objective quantification of facial signs.
Metal-organic frameworks induce hypergolic ignition of bulk metals (2021)

We demonstrate the unprecedented ability to induce hypergolic behavior, i.e. rapid and spontaneous ignition upon contact with an oxidizer, in non-hypergolic metal fuels by blending them with hypergolic metal-organic frameworks (HMOFs). Using magnesium, aluminum or zinc metal as the fuel, we demonstrate materials with ignition delays (IDs) below 50 ms, and calculated specific impulse (Isp) in the 220-250 s range. These parameters are comparable to those of toxic and carcinogenic hydrazine-based hypergols conventionally used in aerospace technologies, suggesting a route to develop cleaner, safer propulsion systems.
ChemInform Abstract: The Cerium Mediated Conversion of Esters to Allylsilanes. (1988)

Abstract The esters (Ia) and (Ib) react with trimethylsilylmethylmagnesium chloride (II) in the presence of CeCl 3 to give the bis(silylmethyl)carbinols (III) which are dehydrosilylated on silica gel, forming the allylsilanes (IV).
Rapid and Effective Germination Methods for Overcoming Seed Dormancy in Annual Canarygrass (2005)

Dormancy in pedigreed Phalaris seed can lead to unsatisfactory germination in seed testing. The objective was to determine the effectiveness of recommended germination methods in overcoming seed dormancy in annual canarygrass ( P. canariensis L.). In 2003, ‘CDC Maria’ was grown at two locations in Saskatchewan, Canada. At maturity, panicles were harvested and stored at –20°C. Four replications of 50 seeds were used in each experiment. Hulled and hand dehulled seed were (i) stored at 23°C for 0 to 16 wk before germinating at 23°C, (ii) germinated at 15 to 30°C (with and without light), (iii) allowed to imbibe water at 23°C for up to 96 h, (iv) treated with pricking, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), gibberellic acid (GA), ethephon (2‐chloroethylphosphonic acid), potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ), chilling, and heating before germinating at 23°C, and (v) treated with KNO 3 , heating, and chilling before germinating (with and without light) at 15°C, 15/25°C (16/8h), and 20/30°C (16/8h). Mean germination was tested to be significantly different ( P = 0.05) from 95% germination by t tests. The after‐ripening period required to overcome primary dormancy in hulled seed was 8 to 10 wk longer than in dehulled seed. Hulled seed developed deeper secondary dormancy compared with dehulled seed, particularly at 20 and 25°C, with neither displaying &lt;95% germination at 15°C or &gt;10% at 30°C. Dehulled seed imbibed sufficient water to initiate germination 2 d faster than hulled seed. Applications of H 2 O 2 and GA overcame dormancy in dehulled seed, while none of the treatments overcame hulled seed dormancy. Dehulled and hulled seed displayed unsatisfactory germination, regardless of treatment or light regime, when germinated under an alternating temperature regime of 20/30°C. We recommend (i) hand dehulling seed, (ii) treating hulled seed with 0.01 M KNO 3 , or (iii) treating hulled seed with heat (3 d at 30°C) before germinating at 15°C for 10 d in darkness on top of blotters to overcome seed dormancy rapidly and effectively in annual canarygrass.
Hypermethylation-mediated silencing of p14ARF in fibroblasts from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2012)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating lung disease of unknown etiology. A conspicuous feature is the formation and persistence of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic foci throughout the lung parenchyma. Mechanisms remain unknown, but data indicate that fibroblasts acquire an antiapoptotic phenotype. We hypothesized that transcriptional silencing of proapoptotic genes may be implicated, and accordingly we evaluated the epigenetic regulation of p14(ARF). The expression of p14(ARF) was analyzed by RT-PCR in IPF (n = 8) and normal derived fibroblasts (n = 4) before and after treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza) and trichostatin A (TSA). p14(ARF) gene promoter methylation was determined by methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) and by DNA digestion with endonuclease McrBc, which cleaves 50% of methylated CpG. Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin-V and nuclear staining. p14(ARF) expression was significantly decreased in four of the eight IPF fibroblasts lines, which was restored after 5-aza treatment. No changes were found with TSA. MS-PCR of bisulfite-treated genomic DNA showed a correlation between the reduced expression of p14(ARF) and the presence of hypermethylated promoter. No amplification was observed in the DNA treated with the McrBc enzyme, corroborating promoter hypermethylation. p14(ARF)-hypermethylated IPF fibroblasts were significantly more resistant to staurosporine-and S-nitrosoglutathione-induced apoptosis compared with normal and nonmethylated IPF fibroblasts (P < 0.01) and showed reduced levels of p53. Resistance to apoptosis was provoked in fibroblasts when p14(ARF) expression was inhibited by siRNA (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that many IPF fibroblasts have reduced expression of the proapoptotic p14(ARF) attributable to promoter hypermethylation and indicate that epigenetic mechanisms may underlie their resistance to apoptosis.
Time to surgery following chronic subdural hematoma: post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study (2019)

This study provides evidence that time to surgery does not substantially impact on outcomes following CSDH. However, increasing time to surgery is associated with increasing length of stay. These results should not encourage delaying operations for patients when they are clinically indicated.
Principles and rationale of radiomics and radiogenomics (2019)

Prior to the present decade, getting a computer to distinguish objects in images (e.g., dog vs. cat) involved thinking about observable image features that humans use for this task, carefully coding computer algorithms to characterize these features, and combining the strengths of these characterizations to produce an estimate of the likelihood that the image contains one of the objects. In addition to specific logic for the task at hand, the algorithms must take into account artifacts of the imaging process, e.g., noise, irregular illumination, as well as normal variations in the objects themselves. Conventional radiomics is the analogous process of characterizing these “human engineered” features, e.g., intensity/color distribution, margin sharpness, and image texture, and possibly adding the results of human annotation, resulting in a feature vector mathematically describing the object’s visual characteristics. This chapter describes the process and challenges of deriving these features so that they that can be used for object classification and/or to derive associations between the object and clinical data such as survival, response to specific therapy, or molecular characteristics of the object.
Supplementary Video 5 from Analysis of Mitosis and Antimitotic Drug Responses in Tumors by <i>In Vivo</i> Microscopy and Single-Cell Pharmacodynamics (2023)

Supplementary Video 5 from Analysis of Mitosis and Antimitotic Drug Responses in Tumors by &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Microscopy and Single-Cell Pharmacodynamics
Influence of the Compliance and Layering Method on the Wall Deflection of Simulated Cavities in Bulk-fill Composite Restoration (2016)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the layering method and compliance on the wall deflection of simulated cavities in bulk-fill and conventional composite restorations and to examine the relationships between the wall deflection and the polymerization shrinkage, flexural modulus, and polymerization shrinkage stress of composites. Six light-cured composites were used in this study. Two of these were conventional methacrylate-based composites (Filtek Z250 and Filtek Z350 XT Flowable [Z350F]), whereas four were bulk-fill composites (SonicFill, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill, SureFil SDR Flow [SDR], and Filtek Bulk-Fill). One hundred eighty aluminum molds simulating a mesio-occluso-distal cavity (6 W×8 L×4 D mm) were prepared and classified into three groups with mold wall thicknesses of 1, 2, and 3 mm. Each group was further subdivided according to the composite layering method (bulk or incremental layering). Linear variable differential transformer probes were used to measure the mold wall deflection of each composite (n=5) over a period of 2000 seconds (33.3 minutes). The polymerization shrinkage, flexural modulus, and polymerization shrinkage stress of the six composites were also measured. All groups with bulk filling exhibited significantly higher deflection compared with groups with incremental layering. The deflection decreased as mold wall thickness increased. The highest and lowest polymerization shrinkage stresses were recorded for Z350F (5.07 MPa) and SDR (1.70 MPa), respectively. The correlation between polymerization shrinkage and the mold wall deflection decreased with increasing wall thickness. On the other hand, the correlation between flexural modulus and the mold wall deflection increased with increasing wall thickness. For all groups, wall deflection correlated strongly with polymerization shrinkage stress.
Genetic regulation of vesiculogenesis and immunomodulation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2013)

Significance Bacteria stimulate host cells in part via secreted products, some of which are packaged in membrane vesicles (MV). MV released by the major human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) carry lipoprotein LpqH, a major agonist for host Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). This study identifies a gene, rv0431 , which appears to regulate mycobacterial MV formation, and therefore we suggest it be named “vesiculogenesis and immune response regulator” ( virR ). This gene encodes a protein that includes a unique fold, as determined by NMR spectroscopy, and a disordered domain suggestive of participation in a higher-order complex. By restraining the release of most of the material released by Mtb that activates host cells through TLR2, VirR reduces Mtb’s immunostimulatory potential and increases its virulence.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in the Colon: Delivering a Light Punch to the Guts? (2011)

A paper in this issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology by Cassidy et al. describes the use of a sophisticated drug delivery vehicle prepared by the hot melt extrusion process to deliver photosensitizers to the colon. The smart vehicle protects its cargo through the acidic environment of the stomach but releases the active photosensitizers in the higher pH and anaerobic environment of the colon. The goal is to use photodynamic therapy (PDT) to destroy pathogenic microorganisms that can cause disease when they grow out of control in the colon. Since the colon is an environment with a low oxygen concentration the investigators also used tetrachlorodecaoxide, an oxygen donor to boost the available oxygen concentration. The paper reports results with Enterococcus faecalis and Bacteroides fragilis but the real medical problem demanding to be solved is Clostridium difficile that can cause intractable drug-resistant infections after antibiotic use. There still remain barriers to implementing this strategy in vivo, including light delivery to the upper colon, oxygen availability and optimizing the selectivity of photosensitizers for bacteria over colon epithelial cells. Nevertheless, this highly innovative paper lays the ground for the study of an entirely new and significant application for antimicrobial PDT.
Data from Integrated Human and Murine Clinical Study Establishes Clinical Efficacy of Ruxolitinib in Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare leukemia characterized by peripheral monocytosis with no disease-modifying therapies. CMML cells are uniquely hypersensitive to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and robustly engraft in immunocompromised mice that secrete human cytokines. To leverage these unique biological features, we conducted an integrated human and murine study evaluating ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor that potently downregulates intracellular GM-CSF signaling.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;A total of 50 patients with WHO-defined CMML were enrolled in this open-label, multi-institution phase I/II clinical study, with a ruxolitinib dose of 20 mg twice daily studied in phase II. In parallel, 49 patient-derived xenografts (PDX) derived from 13 study participants were generated and randomized to receive ruxolitinib or vehicle control.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;The most common grade 3/4 treatment-related toxicities observed were anemia (10%) and thrombocytopenia (6%). The clinical overall response rate was 38% by Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MDS/MPN) International Working Group (IWG) criteria and 43% of patients with baseline splenomegaly achieved a spleen response. Profiling of cytokine levels and somatic mutations at baseline failed to identify predictive biomarkers. PDX models derived from screening samples of study participants recapitulated responses seen in humans, particularly spleen responses, and corroborated ruxolitinib's clinical efficacy in a randomized murine study not feasible in human trials.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Ruxolitinib demonstrated clinical efficacy and an acceptable adverse event profile in patients with CMML, identifying a potential novel therapeutic in this rare malignancy. Furthermore, this study demonstrates proof of concept that PDX modeling can recapitulate responses of patients treated on clinical trial and represents a novel correlative study that corroborates clinical efficacy seen in humans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Shastri and Adrianzen-Herrera, p. 6069&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Difference of Gene Expression in Venous Malformation (2007)

Purpose: Venous malformation(VM) which often causes pain and discomfort is the most common type of vascular malformations. Although it is presented with disfigured appearance and associated soft tissue or skeletal hypertrophy, the molecular bases of VMs are poorly understood. Differentially expressed genes(DEGs) of VMs were investigated to illuminate the molecular mechanism of the disease entity.Methods: Gene expressions of VM patients’ subcutaneous tissue were studied in comparison with normal persons’ by GeneFishingTM technique using the annealing control primers (ACPs) to identify DEGs. Candidate genes were sequenced and screened by basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) afterwards.Results: Among seventy DEGs identified, forty DEGs which had shown significantly different expression pattern were sequenced. Twenty eight out of 40 were up- regulated while 12 were down-regulated. BLAST searches revealed that 37 were known genes and 3 were unknown genes. Many genes were involved in the differentiation and remodeling of smooth muscle cells, opposed to the previous hypothesis that a lot of angiogenetic genes would be involved. Furthermore, several transcription factors and related genes, as well as cell signaling and metabolism regulators, were up regulated. Conclusion: It suggests that analysis of DEGs in VMs provide basic knowledge about its pathophysiology. and new therapeutic approaches.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Uses Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase (Lpd) to Bind to the Human Terminal Pathway Regulators Vitronectin and Clusterin to Inhibit Terminal Pathway Complement Attack (2015)

The opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa controls host innate immune and complement attack. Here we identify Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (Lpd), a 57 kDa moonlighting protein, as the first P. aeruginosa protein that binds the two human terminal pathway inhibitors vitronectin and clusterin. Both human regulators when bound to the bacterium inhibited effector function of the terminal complement, blocked C5b-9 deposition and protected the bacterium from complement damage. P. aeruginosa when challenged with complement active human serum depleted from vitronectin was severely damaged and bacterial survival was reduced by over 50%. Similarly, when in human serum clusterin was blocked by a mAb, bacterial survival was reduced by 44%. Thus, demonstrating that Pseudomonas benefits from attachment of each human regulator and controls complement attack. The Lpd binding site in vitronectin was localized to the C-terminal region, i.e. to residues 354-363. Thus, Lpd of P. aeruginosa is a surface exposed moonlighting protein that binds two human terminal pathway inhibitors, vitronectin and clusterin and each human inhibitor when attached protected the bacterial pathogen from the action of the terminal complement pathway. Our results showed insights into the important function of Lpd as a complement regulator binding protein that might play an important role in virulence of P. aeruginosa.
Two-dimensional interferometric radiometry: image validation using celestial objects (2004)

An interferometric radiometer prototype at 1.4 GHz was successfully demonstrated. The system was developed for the image validation of MIRAS (Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis). The instrument, image processing procedure, and measurement results are presented. The future development of the system is discussed.
Supplementary Figure 7 from <i>De Novo</i> Design of a Tumor-Penetrating Peptide (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 372K, iNGR enhances tumor penetration of Evans Blue dye&lt;/p&gt;
Free radical scavenging activity of the Malaysian Leech Saliva extract, Hirudinaria manillensis (2013)

Free radical scavenging activity of the Malaysian Leech Saliva extract, Hirudinaria manillensis Abbas Mohammad Ghawi1, Abdualrahman M.Abdualkader2, Ahmed Merzouk3 and Mohamed Alaama2 Basic Medical Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia BIOPEP SOLUTIONS INC., Vancouver, BC Canada
A self protecting RF output with 2 kV HBM hardness (2007)

The present work focuses on the ESD protection of an RF output stage which consists of a fully silicided NMOS stack of mixed device type in a 2.8 V domain. The application of co-design measures improves the ESD hardness from 250 V to 2 kV HBM.
James Forrest Dick (2013)

After doing his national service in Malaya, James Forrest Dick obtained a diploma in tropical medicine and hygiene from Liverpool. He became a medical missionary with the Church of Scotland and was appointed to Kalimpong, West Bengal, India. A few …
A Limited Set of SH2 Domains Binds BCR through a High- Affinity Phosphotyrosine-Independent Interaction (1992)

SH2 (src homology region 2) domains are implicated in protein-protein interactions involved in signal transduction pathways. Isolated SH2 domains bind proteins that are tyrosine phosphorylated. A novel, phosphotyrosine-independent binding interaction between BCR, the Philadelphia chromosome breakpoint cluster region gene product, and the SH2 domain of its translocation partner c-ABL has recently been reported. We have examined the ability of additional SH2 domains to bind phosphotyrosine-free BCR and compared this with their ability to bind tyrosine-phosphorylated c-ABL 1b. Of 11 individual SH2 domains examined, 8 exhibited relatively high affinity for c-ABL 1b, whereas only 4 exhibited relatively high affinity for BCR. Binding of tyrosine-phosphorylated c-ABL 1b by the relatively high-affinity ABL and ARG SH2 domains was quantitatively analyzed, and equilibrium dissociation constants for both interactions were estimated to be in the range of 5 x 10(-7) M. The ABL SH2 domain exhibited relatively high affinity for phosphotyrosine-free BCR as well; however, this interaction appears to be about two orders of magnitude weaker than binding of tyrosine-phosphorylated c-ABL 1b. The ARG SH2 domain exhibited relatively weak affinity for BCR and was determined to bind about 10-fold less strongly than the ABL SH2 domain. The ABL and ARG SH2 domains differ by only 10 of 91 amino acids, and the substitution of ABL-specific amino acids into either the amino- or carboxy-terminal half of the ARG SH2 domain was found to increase its affinity for BCR. We discuss these results in terms of a model which has been proposed for peptide binding by class I histocompatibility glycoproteins.