gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P2‐333: Integration of Sex and Gender in the Research of the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) (2016)

The CCNA is a national research program established to foster innovative collaborative research on neurodegeneration in Canada across its 20 project teams. Research on sex/gender aspects of dementia has lagged worldwide and requires greater emphasis. The Women Gender Sex and Dementia (WGSD) cross-cutting program was created to ensure that all CCNA teams integrate sex/gender in their dementia research examining disease etiology, symptoms and progression as well as quality of life of those with the disease in their human or animal studies. In April and October 2015, CCNA team leaders were surveyed to describe new knowledge and advances they made to address sex/gender research challenges and gaps within their research. Between April and October, WGSD members carried out interviews with team leads to motivate greater emphasis on sex/gender research related to dementia. We classified teams’ responses into three categories: 1) No response, 2) Sex/gender included as a covariate in data analysis, 3) Planned studies with a specific focus on sex and/or gender were described. Across the two reporting periods, we found a decrease from 75% to 50% in the number of teams providing either no response or simply stating they would conduct covariate analysis and a corresponding increase from 25% to 50% in the number who described planned analysis for sex and gender in their research. Discussion with WGSD team members led to a major increase in the initiation of sex and gender focused research within the teams. However, this work needs to be sustained and there is additional work that is required to support the remaining teams who either have not responded to the directive or who have no specific planned research apart from including sex and gender as covariates. WGSD will continue to monitor the trend that direct emphasis on sex/gender by program leads will result in concrete increase in planned sex/gender studies. We anticipate that each year new researchers who did not previously investigate sex and gender will present and publish their findings which were made possible through funding provided by the Institute of Gender and Health and the Women’s Brain Health Initiative.
Covalent Pyrenebutyrate-Cell Penetrating Peptide Conjugates: Enhanced Direct Membrane Translocation of Coupled Molecular Imaging Agents (2008)

ABSTRACT SUMMARY: Intracellular targeting with cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) is limited by endocytotic mechanism of uptake. Here, we report that the well known CPP, dTat, chemically coupled with pyrenebutyrate (PB) can efficiently deliver directly into the cytosol. Results indicate that this combination could successfully translocate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents into cytosol. Arginine-rich peptides have extensively been used in the last years for delivery of a wide variety of exogenous cargoes into cells.
Potent HIV Protease Inhibitors Containing a Novel (Hydroxyethyl)amide Isostere (1997)

A series of HIV protease inhibitors containing a novel (hydroxyethyl)amidosuccinoyl core has been synthesized. These peptidomimetic structures inhibit viral protease activity at low nanomolar concentrations (IC50 < 10 nM for HIV-1 protease). The inhibition constant (Ki) for inhibitor 19 was determined to be 7.5 pM against HIV-1 and 1.2 nM against HIV-2 proteases, respectively. Several compounds (19-24) inhibited HIV-1 replication in cell culture assays with 50% effective concentrations (EC50) = 3.7-35 nM. This series of inhibitors was found to exhibit poor bioavailability (< 10%) in the rat, following oral administration. The synthesis and biological properties of these compounds are discussed. In addition, an X-ray structure of one of these inhibitors (23) in complex with HIV-2 protease provides insight into the binding mode of this novel class of HIV protease inhibitors.
Two-Metal-Ion Catalysis in Adenylyl Cyclase (1999)

Adenylyl cyclase (AC) converts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates many cellular functions. Recent structural studies have revealed much about the structure and function of mammalian AC but have not fully defined its active site or catalytic mechanism. Four crystal structures were determined of the catalytic domains of AC in complex with two different ATP analogs and various divalent metal ions. These structures provide a model for the enzyme-substrate complex and conclusively demonstrate that two metal ions bind in the active site. The similarity of the active site of AC to those of DNA polymerases suggests that the enzymes catalyze phosphoryl transfer by the same two-metal-ion mechanism and likely have evolved from a common ancestor.
Triangle inequality variations in the internet (2009)

Triangle inequality violations (TIVs) are important for latency sensitive distributed applications. On one hand, they can expose opportunities to improve network routing by finding shorter paths between nodes. On the other hand, TIVs can frustrate network embedding or positioning systems that treat the Internet as a metric space where the triangle inequality holds. Even though triangle inequality violations are both significant and curious, their study has been limited to aggregate data sets that combine measurements taken over long periods of time.The limitations of these data sets open crucial questions in the design of systems that exploit (or avoid) TIVs: are TIVs stable or transient? Or are they illusions caused by aggregating measurements taken at different times? We collect latency matrices at varying sizes and time granularities and study dynamic properties of triangle inequality violations in the Internet. We show that TIVs are not results of measurement error and that their number varies with time. We examine how latency aggregates of data measured over longer periods of time preserve TIVs. Using medians to compute violations eliminates most of the TIVs that appear sporadically during the measurement but it misses many of the ones that are present for more than five hours.
Adaptive Optics Enabled Wavefront Diversity Sensing (2011)

Phase diversity has proven to be a viable technique for wavefront sensing but converges too slowly for real-time applications. By taking advantage of the small frame-to-frame wavefront changes in a closed loop system much more rapid convergence can be obtained.
Fob1 and Fob2 Proteins Are Virulence Determinants of Rhizopus oryzae via Facilitating Iron Uptake from Ferrioxamine (2015)

Dialysis patients with chronic renal failure receiving deferoxamine for treating iron overload are uniquely predisposed for mucormycosis, which is most often caused by Rhizopus oryzae. Although the deferoxamine siderophore is not secreted by Mucorales, previous studies established that Rhizopus species utilize iron from ferrioxamine (iron-rich form of deferoxamine). Here we determined that the CBS domain proteins of Fob1 and Fob2 act as receptors on the cell surface of R. oryzae during iron uptake from ferrioxamine. Fob1 and Fob2 cell surface expression was induced in the presence of ferrioxamine and bound radiolabeled ferrioxamine. A R. oryzae strain with targeted reduced Fob1/Fob2 expression was impaired for iron uptake, germinating, and growing on medium with ferrioxamine as the sole source of iron. This strain also exhibited reduced virulence in a deferoxamine-treated, but not the diabetic ketoacidotic (DKA), mouse model of mucormycosis. The mechanism by which R. oryzae obtains iron from ferrioxamine involves the reductase/permease uptake system since the growth on ferrioxamine supplemented medium is associated with elevated reductase activity and the use of the ferrous chelator bathophenanthroline disulfonate abrogates iron uptake and growth on medium supplemented with ferrioxamine as a sole source of iron. Finally, R. oryzae mutants with reduced copies of the high affinity iron permease (FTR1) or with decreased FTR1 expression had an impaired iron uptake from ferrioxamine in vitro and reduced virulence in the deferoxamine-treated mouse model of mucormycosis. These two receptors appear to be conserved in Mucorales, and can be the subject of future novel therapy to maintain the use of deferoxamine for treating iron-overload.
Pixel-Perfect Structure-From-Motion With Featuremetric Refinement (2023)

Finding local features that are repeatable across multiple views is a cornerstone of sparse 3D reconstruction. The classical image matching paradigm detects keypoints per-image once and for all, which can yield poorly-localized features and propagate large errors to the final geometry. In this article, we refine two key steps of structure-from-motion by a direct alignment of low-level image information from multiple views: we first adjust the initial keypoint locations prior to any geometric estimation, and subsequently refine points and camera poses as a post-processing. This refinement is robust to large detection noise and appearance changes, as it optimizes a featuremetric error based on dense features predicted by a neural network. This significantly improves the accuracy of camera poses and scene geometry for a wide range of keypoint detectors, challenging viewing conditions, and off-the-shelf deep features. Our system easily scales to large image collections, enabling pixel-perfect crowd-sourced localization at scale.
UWB Sparse/Diffuse Channels, Part II: Estimator Analysis and Practical Channels (2012)

In this two-part paper, the problem of channel estimation in Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) systems is investigated. In Part I, a novel Hybrid Sparse/Diffuse (HSD) model is proposed for the UWB channel, and new channel estimation strategies are designed for this model. In this paper (Part II), a Mean-Squared Error (MSE) analysis of the Generalized MMSE and Generalized Thresholding Estimators developed in Part I is performed, for the asymptotic regimes of low and high SNR. The analysis quantifies the achievable MSE performance of these schemes over unstructured estimators. Specifically, we prove that it is beneficial to be conservative in the estimation of the sparse component, i.e., to assume that the sparse component is sparser than it actually is. Moreover, we analyze the scenario with a non-orthogonal pilot sequence, and establish a connection between the Generalized Thresholding estimator and conventional sparse approximation algorithms proposed in the literature. In addition to the theoretical analysis, these channel estimation schemes are evaluated in a more realistic geometry-based channel emulator, for which the HSD model developed in Part I is an approximation. The numerical results are shown to match the expected asymptotic MSE behavior. Moreover, the proposed estimation techniques are shown to outperform conventional unstructured and purely sparse estimators, from both an MSE and a bit error rate perspectives, even for the realistic geometry-based channel model.
Projected imagery in your "office of the future" (2000)

Some day, high-resolution projected imagery will surround you in your office. The walls, your desk, and even the floor will serve as your computer desktop.
Heavily Hydride-ion-doped 1111-type Iron-based Superconductors: Synthesis, Physical Properties and Electronic Structure (2020)

Iron-based superconductors have grown to be a new continent of high Tc superconductors comparable to cuprates. The optimal critical temperature (Tc) of 56 K in electron-doped 1111-type iron oxypnictides attracts considerable attention of physicists and chemists. Carrier doping is not only essential to induce superconductivity but also is a critical parameter that governs the electronic, magnetic, and crystallographic properties of ground states in high-Tc superconductors. Hydride ion (H-) which is an anionic state of hydrogen acts as an efficient electron donor in the 1111-type, leading to several important discoveries such as two-dome structure of superconducting phase and bipartite parent phase. This article summarizes the synthesis, physical properties, and electronic structure of the H- bearing 1111-type iron-based superconductors along with the relevant phenomena of other superconductors. We show several common characteristics of iron-based superconductors with high-Tc over 50 K and suggest a way to achieve higher Tc.
Comparing Comprehensive Care and Departmental Clinical Education Models: Students’ Perceptions at the University of Tennessee College of Dentistry (2015)

In summer 2012, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Dentistry transitioned from a departmental clinical education model to a comprehensive care/group leader model. The aim of this study was to investigate the perspectives of the fourth-year class of dental students who, because the transition took place during their training, had experienced treating patients under both educational models. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire was designed to assess the students' opinions on the efficiency of their effort, availability of specialty faculty, stress, collaboration with classmates, and availability of exposure to different practice styles and techniques under the two systems. The students were also given an opportunity to provide open-ended feedback on the shortcomings and advantages of the systems. The Class of 2013 had 81 students, 55 of whom participated in the survey for a response rate of 67.9%. The majority (86%) of the respondents preferred the comprehensive care model and reported feeling that, in it, they were able to accomplish more comprehensive dentistry with greater consistency of supervision from faculty in a more patient-centered environment than in the departmental model. However, 56 percent considered having the same group leader for two years a disadvantage and recommended rotation of at least one group leader every six months. The results of this survey can help this college and other dental schools that are seeking to optimize their educational model to best serve students' educational experience and the dental needs of their patient population.
Gas in Riser - The Elephant in the Room (2017)

Abstract Gas hydrates forming during well control events in deep water plugging kill and choke lines is a risk previously documented (Lage et al. 2002). In this paper a deep water well's temperature profile has been calculated to investigate the forming of hydrates in the wellbore casing and the riser annulus. The calculations show that water-based mud (WBM) has a large potential for cooling down the wellbore during circulation. The cold seawater surrounding the long riser act as a heat exchanger that gradually removes energy or heat from the drilling fluid. The relatively low thermal conductivity for cement will also result in the cement acting as an insulating layer against the formation, leaving the casing wall at a relative low temperature. The study shows that the temperature conditions for forming [BR1]hydrates are likely[BR2] present deep down inside the wellbore casing as well as in the wellhead, the BOP and the drilling riser. The volume reduction when hydrates are forming may mistakenly be interpreted as loss of mud to the formation and not a result of gas influx to the wellbore. This may have safety implications. [BR3]Gas hydrates forming in the casing wellbore may also change the properties of the WBM since gas hydrates are formed using water from the mud. The calculations also show that gas hydrates may stay stable in large part of the wellbore casing and the riser annulus and may be transported a long distance to the upper part of the riser and without any significant change in volume. If gas hydrates are transported up the riser, the released gas will expand rapidly upon the melting of the hydrates, resulting in a very limited time for the drill crew to perform the required actions. Based on the findings in the study the authors recommend that the human factors implications of hydrates in drilling and well control should be further investigated in order to improve overall system safety.
Nephrolithiasis Clinical Guidelines Panel Summary Report on the Management of Staghorn Calculi (1994)

The American Urological Association Nephrolithiasis Clinical Guidelines Panel recommendations for managing struvite staghorn calculi are based on a comprehensive review of the treatment literature and meta-analysis of outcome data from the 110 pertinent articles containing viable, unduplicated data. The panel concluded that the 3 most significant outcome probabilities are those of being stone-free, undergoing secondary unplanned procedures and having associated complications. Panel guideline recommendations for most standard patients are that neither shock wave lithotripsy monotherapy nor open surgery should be a first-line treatment choice but that a combination of percutaneous stone removal and shock wave lithotripsy should be used.
Comparaison between HPLC and fluorescence detection and capillary electrophoresis and laser induced fluorescence detection for the study of amino acids and catecholamines labelled with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxyaldehyde (2005)

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Performance of multitone and multicarrier DS-SS in the presence of imperfect phase synchronization (2003)

It is well known that accurate synchronization is more critical in multicarrier systems than in single carrier systems (Molisch (2001)). If all local receiver (and/or transmitter) subcarrier frequencies are generated from a common source, as is desirable in implementations, any frequency/phase inaccuracies can affect both individual subcarrier performance, and more seriously, introduce inter-subcarrier interference. Hence, study of non-ideal synchronization effects is well motivated We provide new analytical and computer simulation results for the performance of multitone (MT) and multicarrier (MC) direct-sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) signaling in the presence of imperfect synchronization, manifested as phase noise. We investigate performance in phase noise as the number of subcarriers and the per-subcarrier processing gain vary, for a fixed data rate and fixed bandwidth. Long spreading codes are used, and we assume coherent detection with MPSK modulation. Comparisons between simulations and analysis show excellent agreement (Matolak (2001)). We provide comparative results for the three systems-conventional single-carrier DS-SS, and the MC and MT systems-in order to establish a relative ranking of these approaches in the presence of imperfect synchronization, and show that the SC and MC systems are the most robust to this impairment.
InGaN-Based Nanocolumn Optical Devices (2021)

Well-rdered InGaN/GaN nanocolumn (NC) arrays with dislocation filtering and lattice strain relaxation properties can be used to enhance the visible luminous efficiency. These arrays were employed to realize the monolithic integration of multicolor NC micro LEDs, flip-chip bonding of NC LEDs on CuW, and random lasing in structurally graded NC photonic crystals.
Notch1 Mutations Are Drivers of Oral Tumorigenesis (2014)

Disruption of NOTCH1 signaling was recently discovered in head and neck cancer. This study aims to evaluate NOTCH1 alterations in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and compare the occurrence of these mutations in Chinese and Caucasian populations. We used a high-throughput PCR-based enrichment technology and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to sequence NOTCH1 in 144 samples collected in China. Forty-nine samples were normal oral mucosa from patients undergoing oral surgery, 45 were oral leukoplakia biopsies, and 50 were chemoradiation-naïve OSCC samples with 22 paired-normal tissues from the adjacent unaffected areas. NOTCH1 mutations were found in 54% of primary OSCC and 60% of premalignant lesions. Importantly, almost 60% of patients with leukoplakia with mutated NOTCH1 carried mutations that were also identified in OSCC, indicating an important role of these clonal events in the progression of early neoplasms. We then compared all known NOTCH1 mutations identified in Chinese patients with OSCC with those reported in Caucasians to date. Although we found obvious overlaps in critical regulatory NOTCH1 domains alterations and identified specific mutations shared by both groups, possible gain-of-function mutations were predominantly seen in Chinese population. Our findings demonstrate that premalignant lesions display NOTCH1 mutations at an early stage and are thus bona fide drivers of OSCC progression. Moreover, our results reveal that NOTCH1 promotes distinct tumorigenic mechanisms in patients from different ethnical populations.
Towards Secure Design Choices for Implementing Graphical Passwords (2005)

We study the impact of selected parameters on the size of the password space for "Draw-A-Secret" (DAS) graphical passwords. We examine the role of and relationships between the number of composite strokes, grid dimensions, and password length in the DAS password space. We show that a very significant proportion of the DAS password space depends on the assumption that users will choose long passwords with many composite strokes. If users choose passwords having 4 or fewer strokes, with passwords of length 12 or less on a 5 /spl times/ 5 grid, instead of up to the maximum 12 possible strokes, the size of the DAS password space is reduced from 58 to 40 bits. Additionally, we found a similar reduction when users choose no strokes of length 1. To strengthen security, we propose a technique and describe a representative system that may gain up to 16 more bits of security with an expected negligible increase in input time. Our results can be directly applied to determine secure design choices, graphical password parameter guidelines, and in deciding which parameters deserve focus in graphical password user studies.
Discovery of Novel Selective Norepinephrine Inhibitors: 1-(2-Morpholin-2-ylethyl)-3-aryl-1,3-dihydro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole 2,2-Dioxides (WYE-114152) (2011)

Sequential modification of the previously identified 4-[3-aryl-2,2-dioxido-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-1(3H)-yl]-1-(methylamino)butan-2-ols led to the identification of a new series of 1-(2-morpholin-2-ylethyl)-3-aryl-1,3-dihydro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole 2,2-dioxides that are potent and selective inhibitors of the norepinephrine transporter over both the serotonin and dopamine transporters. One representative compound 10b (WYE-114152) had low nanomolar hNET potency (IC50 = 15 nM) and good selectivity for hNET over hSERT (>430-fold) and hDAT (>548-fold). 10b was additionally bioavailable following oral dosing and demonstrated efficacy in rat models of acute, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain.