gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restoring a silhouette of the hand in the problem of recognizing gestures by adaptive morphological filtering of a binary image (2013)

Algorithms are presented for the adaptive processing of binary images of silhouettes of the human hand obtained by means of color-brightness filters. These algorithms are based on the use of a combination of elementary morphological operations that take into account the direction of the fingers. Algorithms are presented for removing noise on binary images that are adapted to the result of the operation of a color filter, and a method is presented for filling internal contours of a silhouette of the hand in order to remove grouped marking errors. The experimental results show that the proposed image-processing method increases the probability of successful detection, tracking of the hand, and recognition of gestures.
Predicting Coating Holiday Size Using ECDA Survey Data (2009)

Abstract Equations were developed that improve the accuracy of predicting coating holiday size from common ECDA survey tools. The results of previous simulations performed using a University of Florida model called CP3D were reduced to simple expressions that allow correction for soil resistivity, depth of cover, pipe diameter, CP level, and DCVG signal strength.
Correlation-based distributed measurement of SBS-generated dynamic grating spectrum in a polarization-maintaining fiber (2008)

The distribution of temperature-induced changes in Brillouin frequency shift and that of birefringence-determined frequency deviation in the spectrum of SBS-generated dynamic grating in a PMF have been measured with 1.2-meter spatial resolution and 110-meter measurement range. Synchronously controlled sinusoidal frequency-modulations are applied into two laser sources that are used for pump (probe) light and readout light, respectively, enabling distributed generation and detection of the dynamic grating.
Resonant Raman scattering and the zone-folding effects in single-wall nanotubes (1998)

Raman scatterings from optical phonons in single-wall nanotubes of mean radius between 0.55 nm and 1.0 have been measured in the wavelength of incident laser beam between 450 nm and 800 nm. The observed multiple splittings of optical phonon peaks and their resonant enhancement at the wavelength in the vicinity of 690 nm show the definite presence of zone-folding effect in both phonon and electronic systems. The results are well accounted for by the two-dimensional graphite dispersion relations. These measurements, therefore, provide direct experimental evidences on the diameter-dependent properties induced by the cylindrical symmetry of nanotubes.
26. THE EFFECT OF STEM LENGTH ON THE ALIGNMENT OF THE HUMERAL COMPONENT IN COMPUTER-ASSISTED TOTAL ELBOW ARTHROPLASTY (2011)

Purpose: While computer-assisted techniques can improve the alignment of the implant articulation with the native structure, stem abutment in the intramedullary canal may impede achievement of this alignment. In the current study, the effect of a fixed valgus (6 degree) stemmed humeral component on the alignment of navigated total elbow arthroplasty was investigated. Our hypothesis was that implantation of a humeral component with a reduced stem length would be more accurate than implantation of the humeral component with a standard length stem. Method: Thirteen cadaveric distal humeri were imaged using a CT scanner, and a 3D surface model was reconstructed from each scan. Implantation was performed using two implant configurations. The first set was unmodified (Regular) while the second set was modified by reducing the length of the humeral stem to 25% of the original stem (Reduced). A surface model of the humeral component was aligned with the flexion-extension (FE) axis of the CT-based surface model, which was registered to the landmarks of the physical humerus using the iterative closest point algorithm. Navigated implant positioning was based on aligning a 3D computer model calibrated to the implant with a 3D model registered to the distal humerus. Results: Implant alignment error was significantly lower for the Reduced implant, averaging 1.3±0.5 mm in translation and 1.2±0.4° in rotation, compared with 1.9±1.1 mm and 3.6±2.1° for the Regular implant. Abutment of the implant stem with the medullary canal of the humerus prevented optimal alignment of the Regular humeral component as only four of the 13 implantations were aligned to within 2.0° using navigation. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that a humeral component with a fixed valgus angulation cannot be accurately positioned in a consistent fashion within the medullary canal of the distal humerus without sacrificing alignment of the FE axis due to stem abutment. Improved accuracy of implant placement can be achieved by introducing a family of humeral components, with three valgus angulations of 0°, 4° and 8°. Based on humeral morphology for these specimens, 12 of the 13 implants may be positioned to within 2° of the native FE axis using one of these 3 valgus angulations.
Revisiting analysis of phthalate plasticizers concentration in poly(vinyl chloride) (2014)

The method of the efficient analysis of di(2‐diethylhexyl) phthalate, tri(2‐ethylhexyl) trimellitate, di(2‐ethylhexyl) terephthalate, and other phthalate plasticizers concentrations in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was developed. The method is based on quantitative dissolution of the PVC sample in methyl ethyl ketone with the consequent precipitation of PVC with hexane and concentration of phthalate in an organic layer. A capillary column‐based gas chromatographic technique for phthalates separation and quantification was developed and used in conjunction with the PVC and phthalates dissolution technique. The developed method of phthalate plasticizers analysis proved to be relatively fast, reproducible, and straightforward. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 21:197–204, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Role for interleukin‐1 in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity diseases (1989)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a polypeptide product of various cells, is one of the key mediators of the body's response to microbial invasion, inflammation, immunological reactions, and tissue injury. IL-1 is a prominent member of a group of polypeptide mediators now called "cytokines." Current evidence suggests that IL-1 is not produced in health but that any perturbation such as inflammation or even slight injury triggers the expression of IL-1 genes. The biological effects of IL-1 are manifested in nearly every tissue and organ. These include various proinflammatory effects such as increased production of arachidonate metabolites, synovial cell proteases, activation of basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils, endothelial cell adhesiveness, and stimulation of lymphocyte responses. Control of IL-1 synthesis in certain diseases is often appropriate. Although corticosteroids reduce both the transcription and translation of IL-1, we have recently investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with N-3 (omega-3) fatty acids in human volunteers. The results indicate that increasing the amount of N-fatty acids in the diet decreases the ability of blood mononuclear cells to synthesize IL-1 in vitro. It is suggested that the ameliorative effects of N-3 fatty acid dietary supplements in patients with hypersensitive diseases may be, in part, the result of decreased IL-1 production.
LIGNIN-KMC: A Toolkit for Simulating Lignin Biosynthesis (2019)

Lignin is an abundant biopolymer of phenylpropanoid monomers that is critical for plant structure and function. Based on the abundance of lignin in the biosphere and interest in lignin valorization, a more comprehensive understanding of lignin biosynthesis is imperative. Here we present an open-source software toolkit, LIGNIN-KMC, that combines kinetic Monte Carlo and first-principles calculations of radical coupling events, which enables modeling of lignin biosynthesis &lt;i&gt;in silico&lt;/i&gt;. Specifically, lignification is simulated using the Gillespie algorithm with a graph representation of the lignin fragments and with rates derived from density functional theory calculations of individual fragment couplings. Using this approach, we confirm experimental findings regarding the impact of lignification conditions on final polymer structure and identify new features of fundamental interest to plant cell wall biosynthesis including (1) the monolignol supply rate under &lt;i&gt;in planta&lt;/i&gt; lignification conditions likely varies as a function of evolutionary stresses; (2) under conditions of low monolignol supply rates, increasing the fraction of sinapyl alcohol increases the depolymerization yield of monomers upon ether bond cleavage; and (3) by including calculated energetics of caffeyl alcohol homopolymers, the model accurately predicts C-lignin structures. These examples not only highlight the robustness of our modeling framework, but also motivate future studies of new lignin types, unexplored monolignol chemistries, and lignin structure predictions, all with an overarching aim of developing a more comprehensive, molecular understanding of native lignin, which, in turn, can advance the biological and chemistry communities interested in this important biopolymer.
Methionine restriction reduces the chemosensitivity of central nervous system tumour cell lines. (2009)

The results show that methionine depletion increases the resistance of tumour cells to the chemotherapeutic agents tested. However, in methionine-replete conditions, we have demonstrated synergistic activity for various combinations of chemotherapeutic agents that are hitherto unreported and may have clinical utility for the treatment of children with CNS tumours.
Ultrafast dynamics of plasmons and free carriers in 2D MXenes (2023)

We use transient optical absorption and time-resolved terahertz THz spectroscopy to investigate photoexcitations in Ti 3 C 2 , Mo 2 Ti 2 C 3 , and Nb 2 C. Measurements reveal pronounced plasmonic effects. Monitoring them provides insights into thermal relaxation processes and low thermal conductivity.
A three-dimensional shape memory alloy microelectrode with clipping structure for insect neural recording (2000)

A microelectrode, with clipping structure for neural recording from a free-moving insect, was designed and fabricated using a shape memory alloy (SMA) thin film. The SMA thin films (titanium nickel; Ti-48 at.%Ni) are deposited by RF magnetron sputtering and patterned by HF-HNO/sub 3/ wet etching. The transformation temperatures of the SMA thin films were measured at 54/spl deg/C (A*) and 50/spl deg/C (M*). The SMA microelectrode consists of a "hook" structure (720 /spl mu/m/spl times/480 /spl mu/m) and two "C"-shape probes (600 /spl mu/m/spl times/70 /spl mu/m). The electrode impedance is about 5 k/spl Omega/ at 1 kHz. The desired three-dimensional (3D) shape is given to the electrode by a bonded wire. The clinging force of the electrode to the nerve is enhanced by the 3-D structures. The SMA microelectrode can clip a nerve cord tightly. The damages of the nerve by thermal actuation of the clip are not observed by physiological analysis. The neural activity from a living insect was successfully recorded with this SMA microelectrode.
Magnetic spin–orbit interaction of light (2018)

We study the directional excitation of optical surface waves controlled by the magnetic field of light. We theoretically predict that a spinning magnetic dipole develops a tunable unidirectional coupling of light to transverse electric (TE) polarized Bloch surface waves (BSWs). Experimentally, we show that the helicity of light projected onto a subwavelength groove milled into the top layer of a 1D photonic crystal (PC) controls the power distribution between two TE-polarized BSWs excited on both sides of the groove. Such a phenomenon is shown to be solely mediated by the helicity of the magnetic optical field, thus revealing a magnetic spin-orbit interaction of light. Remarkably, this magnetic optical effect is clearly observed via a near-field coupler governed by an electric dipole moment: it is of the same order of magnitude as the electric optical effects involved in the coupling. This opens up new degrees of freedom for the manipulation of light and offers desirable and novel opportunities for the development of integrated optical functionalities.
Online Spatio-Temporal Learning in Deep Neural Networks (2022)

Biological neural networks are equipped with an inherent capability to continuously adapt through online learning. This aspect remains in stark contrast to learning with error backpropagation through time (BPTT) that involves offline computation of the gradients due to the need to unroll the network through time. Here, we present an alternative online learning algorithm ic framework for deep recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and spiking neural networks (SNNs), called online spatio-temporal learning (OSTL). It is based on insights from biology and proposes the clear separation of spatial and temporal gradient components. For shallow SNNs, OSTL is gradient equivalent to BPTT enabling for the first time online training of SNNs with BPTT-equivalent gradients. In addition, the proposed formulation unveils a class of SNN architectures trainable online at low time complexity. Moreover, we extend OSTL to a generic form, applicable to a wide range of network architectures, including networks comprising long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent units (GRUs). We demonstrate the operation of our algorithm ic framework on various tasks from language modeling to speech recognition and obtain results on par with the BPTT baselines.
Metathesis of acetylenes by (fluoroalkoxy)tungstenacyclobutadiene complexes and the crystal structure of W(C3Et3)[OCH(CF3)2]3. A higher order mechanism for acetylene metathesis (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetathesis of acetylenes by (fluoroalkoxy)tungstenacyclobutadiene complexes and the crystal structure of W(C3Et3)[OCH(CF3)2]3. A higher order mechanism for acetylene metathesisJohn H. Freudenberger, Richard R. Schrock, Melvyn Rowen Churchill, Arnold L. Rheingold, and Joseph W. ZillerCite this: Organometallics 1984, 3, 10, 1563–1573Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00088a019https://doi.org/10.1021/om00088a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views879Altmetric-Citations184LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Heightened apoptotic priming of vascular cells across tissues and life span predisposes them to cancer therapy–induced toxicities (2022)

Although major organ toxicities frequently arise in patients treated with cytotoxic or targeted cancer therapies, the mechanisms that drive them are poorly understood. Here, we report that vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are more highly primed for apoptosis than parenchymal cells across many adult tissues. Consequently, ECs readily undergo apoptosis in response to many commonly used anticancer agents including cytotoxic and targeted drugs and are more sensitive to ionizing radiation and BH3 mimetics than parenchymal cells in vivo. Further, using differentiated isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cell models of ECs and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we find that these vascular cells exhibit distinct drug toxicity patterns, which are linked to divergent therapy-induced vascular toxicities in patients. Collectively, our results demonstrate that vascular cells are highly sensitive to apoptosis-inducing stress across life span and may represent a "weakest link" vulnerability in multiple tissues for development of toxicities.
Hybrid system of mechanical parts and living organisms for microrobots (2002)

Summary form only given. Fundamental attempts to make hybrid robots, in which some artificial sensors and actuators are replaced with natural antennas and muscles, are discussed. First, it is shown that signals from an antenna are easily obtained with electrodes connected to both ends of the antenna. In our experiment, antennas of silkworm moth (Bombyx mori) are used as sensors which can detect a few molecules of pheromone. As for actuators, electrical stimulation can generate the desired smooth movement of muscles. Finally, intelligence of microrobots is considered. Currently, it is impossible to use a real nervous system for hybrid robots because a nervous system cannot be taken out from the body without damage. In addition, a nervous system cannot be connected with artificial sensors and actuators. Instead, recurrent artificial neural networks are applied. The connections of the neural networks are obtained by genetic algorithms. As a result, a mobile robot with antennas follows a stream of pheromone.
Study of partial discharge activity by excess current (2015)

Measurements of partial discharges (PD) play an important role in study of dielectric materials. This work applies a measurement system based on dielectric response technique to study an excess current associated with PD activity, which appears during and after PD activity and shows some prominent properties. The value of such a measurement is demonstrated through studies of two types of test objects, twisted pairs and cavity specimens. A simultaneous use of pulse PD detection in the study shows a correlation between changes in PD amplitudes and non-PD excess current levels. It is concluded that the used methodology can serve as an important complement to the traditionally used pulse PD detection.
High Efficiency Two Stage Microwave GaN Power Amplifier with Gate Source Waveform Shaping of the Power Stage (2011)

International audience
Clonal spreading of tumor-infiltrating T cells underlies the robust antitumor immune responses (2022)

Abstract The repertoire of tumor-infiltrating T cells is an emerging perspective for characterizing effective antitumor T-cell responses. Oligoclonal expansion of tumor T-cell repertoire has been evaluated; however, their association with antitumor effects is unclear. We demonstrated that the polyclonal fraction of the tumor-reactive T-cell repertoire consisting of relatively minor clones increased in tumor-bearing mice treated with anti-PD-L1 or anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, which was correlated with antitumor effect. Meanwhile, the size of the oligoclonal fraction consisting of major clones remained unchanged. Moreover, the polyclonal fraction was enriched in progenitor exhausted T cells, which are essential for a durable antitumor response, and was more dependent on CCR7 + migratory dendritic cells, which are responsible for priming tumor-reactive T cells in the tumor-draining lymph nodes. These results suggest that the expansion of diverse tumor-reactive clones (“clonal spreading”) is an important mechanism by which anti-PD-L1 and anti-CD4 treatments induce robust and durable antitumor T-cell responses.
Idiotype vaccination for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2016)

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows:

In order to evaluate the therapeutical benefit of idiotype vaccination in the treatment of NHL we will particularly analyse overall survival (OS) as the primary endpoint; as well as progression-free survival (PFS), response rate, treatment-related mortality, adverse events and quality of life as secondary endpoints. We will analyse these outcome parameters critically and systematically with respect to different vaccine formulations, dosages or time schedules in the experimental arm and placebo or no other treatment in the control arm.
Regiochemistry of Copper(I)‐Mediated Cyclization Reactions of Halo‐dienamides. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Improving Conversion and Enantioselectivity in Hydrogenation by Combining Different Monodentate Phosphoramidites; a New Combinatorial Approach in Asymmetric Catalysis. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Maternal and iatrogenic neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: Differences and similarities in recognition, management, and consequences (2021)

Opioids are potent analgesics used to manage pain in both young and old, but the increased use in the pregnant population has significant individual and societal implications. Infants dependent on opioids, either through maternal or iatrogenic exposure, undergo neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), where they may experience withdrawal symptoms ranging from mild to severe. We present a detailed and original review of NOWS caused by maternal opioid exposure (mNOWS) and iatrogenic opioid intake (iNOWS). While these two entities have been assessed entirely separately, recognition and treatment of the clinical manifestations of NOWS overlap. Neonatal risk factors such as age, genetic predisposition, drug type, and clinical factors like type of opioid, cumulative dose of opioid exposure, and disease status affect the incidence of both mNOWS and iNOWS, as well as their severity. Recognition of withdrawal is dependent on clinical assessment of symptoms, and the use of clinical assessment tools designed to determine the need for pharmacotherapy. Treatment of NOWS relies on a combination of non-pharmacological therapies and pharmacological options. Long-term consequences of opioids and NOWS continue to generate controversy, with some evidence of anatomic brain changes, but conflicting animal and human clinical evidence of significant cognitive or behavioral impacts on school-age children. We highlight the current knowledge on clinically relevant recognition, treatment, and consequences of NOWS, and identify new advances in clinical management of the neonate. This review brings a unique clinical perspective and critically analyzes gaps between the clinical problem and our preclinical understanding of NOWS.