gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction Sintering of Zinc Ferrite during Constant Rates of Heating (1993)

The reaction sintering of equimolar quantities of zinc oxide and ferric oxide was investigated under conditions of constant rates of heating (1–10°C/min from room temperature to 1350°C) and the data were compared with those for a calcined, single‐phase zinc ferrite powder. For the heating rate of 1°C/min, the densifications of the reaction‐sintered sample and the calcined sample were approximately the same. However, as the heating rate increased, the density at any temperature increased slightly for the reaction‐sintered sample but decreased slightly for the calcined powder. The factors responsible for this slight difference in sintering between the reaction‐sintered sample and the calcined sample are discussed. For the constant heating rates used, the reaction was completed prior to any significant densification. Relative densities of &gt;95% were obtained for both the reaction‐sintered sample and the calcined sample under identical sintering conditions (1–10°C/min to 1350°C). Reaction sintering in a steep temperature gradient produced a nearly fully dense body prior to complete reaction; a composite microstructure consisting of fine zinc oxide grains in a matrix of zinc ferrite was obtained.
3D Imaging through Scatterers with Interferenceless Optical System (2018)

Imaging through a scattering medium is a challenging task. We propose and demonstrate an interferenceless incoherent opto-digital technique for 3D imaging through a scatterer with a single lens and a digital camera. The light diffracted from a point object is modulated by a scattering mask. The modulated wavefront is projected on an image sensor using a spherical lens and the impulse response is recorded. An object is placed at the same axial location as the point object and another intensity pattern is recorded with identical experimental conditions and with the same scattering mask. The image of the object is reconstructed by a cross-correlation between a reconstructing function and the object hologram. For 3D imaging, a library of reconstructing functions are created corresponding to different axial locations. The different planes of the object are reconstructed by a cross-correlation of the object hologram with the corresponding reconstructing functions.
Space Technology and Applications International Forum-2001 : Conference on Space Exploration Technology : Conference on Thermophysics in Microgravity : Conference on Innovative Transportation Systems for Exploration of the Solar System and Beyond : Conference on Commercial/Civil Next Generation Space Transportation : 18th Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion : Space Radiation and Environment Effects Track, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 11-14 February 2001 (2001)

The theme for this year's conference is Space Exploration and Transportation: Journey into the Future. The proceedings document the most recent advances in a number of key areas of space science, engineering, and technology, as well as on the current potential and future opportunities for space science on board the international space station. It covers topics ranging from basic research to the most recent advances in hardware development, space exploration missions, space commercialization, next generation launch systems, human physiology in space, breakthrough propulsion physics, interstellar propulsion, material processing in microgravity, and spaceport development. It is an excellent forum for interaction among members of academia, industry, and government, and among program managers and managers of space technologies worldwide.
Effect of Alkyl Chain Branching Point on 3D Crystallinity in High N‐Type Mobility Indolonaphthyridine Polymers (2017)

Abstract Herein, this study investigates the impact of branching‐point‐extended alkyl chains on the charge transport properties of three ultrahigh n‐type mobility conjugated polymers. Using grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, analysis of the crystallinity of the series shows that while π–π interactions are increased for all three polymers as expected, the impact of the side‐chain engineering on polymer backbone crystallinity is unique to each polymer and correlates to the observed changes in charge transport. With the three polymers exhibiting n‐type mobilities between 0.63 and 1.04 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , these results ratify that the indolonaphthyridine building block has an unprecedented intrinsic ability to furnish high‐performance n‐type organic semiconductors.
Cranberry Proanthocyanidins-PANI Nanocomposite for the Detection of Bacteria Associated with Urinary Tract Infections (2021)

Consumption of cranberries is associated with the putative effects of preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Cranberry proanthocyanidins (PAC) contain unusual double A-type linkages, which are associated with strong interactions with surface virulence factors found on UTI-causing bacteria such as extra-intestinal pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ExPEC), depicting in bacterial agglutination processes. In this work, we demonstrated the efficacy of cranberry PAC (200 μg/mL) to agglutinate ExPEC (5.0 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL) in vitro as a selective interaction for the design of functionalized biosensors for potential detection of UTIs. We fabricated functionalized screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) by modifying with PAC-polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites and tested the effectiveness of the PAC-PANI/SPE biosensor for detecting the presence of ExPEC in aqueous suspensions. Results indicated that the PAC-PANI/SPE was highly sensitive (limit of quantification of 1 CFU/mL of ExPEC), and its response was linear over the concentration range of 1-70,000 CFU/mL, suggesting cranberry PAC-functionalized biosensors are an innovative alternative for the detection and diagnosis of ExPEC-associated UTIs. The biosensor was also highly selective, reproducible, and stable.
Antiepileptic treatment for anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis: the need for video‐EEG monitoring (2013)

To the Editor, In a recently published clinical commentary (Dericioglu et al., 2013), two patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were referred to the neurological ICU with a diagnosis of status epilepticus. Prolonged video-EEG monitoring, however, showed that, for both patients, dyskinesias were not associated with ictal EEG changes. Antiepileptic therapy was not increased and the patients eventually improved with immunotherapy. The authors advised caution in order to avoid mistaking dyskinesias for seizures, and suggested that video-EEG monitoring be used to help differentiate between the two.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES—LIVER, PANCREAS AND BILIARY TRACT Early Hepatitis B Virus DNA Suppression Can Predict Virologic Response to Peginterferon and Lamivudine Treatment (2008)

Background & Aims: We aimed to investigate the early on-treatment HBV DNA response to predict sustained virologic response for peginterferon and lamivudine combination therapy. Methods: Patients recruited in previous clinical trials receiving 32-week peginterferon alfa-2b and 52- to 104-week lamivudine combination treatment were studied. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of HBV DNA at different time intervals were analyzed to predict sustained virologic response, which was defined as HBeAg seroconversion and HBV DNA 10,000 copies/mL at week 8 developed sustained virologic response. Conclusions: HBV DNA >10,000 copies/mL at week 8 of peginterferon treatment had a low chance of sustained virologic response.
Forensic TaqMan and Microarray Assays for Viral Genotyping: Interim Report on Multiple Sequence Alignments and TaqMan Signature Mapping to Phylogenetic Trees (2012)

The goal of this project is to develop forensic genotyping assays for select agent viruses, addressing a significant capability gap for the viral bioforensics and law enforcement community. We used a multipronged approach combining bioinformatics analysis, PCR-enriched samples, microarrays and TaqMan assays to develop high resolution and cost effective genotyping methods for strain level forensic discrimination of viruses. We have leveraged substantial experience and efficiency gained through year 1 on software development, SNP discovery, TaqMan signature design and phylogenetic signature mapping to scale up the development of forensics signatures in year 2. In this report, we have summarized the Taqman signature development for South American hemorrhagic fever viruses, tick-borne encephalitis viruses and henipaviruses, Old World Arenaviruses, filoviruses, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus and Japanese encephalitis virus.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Circulating Markers of Interstitial Lung Disease and Subsequent Risk of Lung Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Circulating Markers of Interstitial Lung Disease and Subsequent Risk of Lung Cancer
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering’s Impact Factor Continues To Rise (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering's Impact Factor Continues To RiseDavid T. Allen, D. Julie Carrier, Bing-Joe Hwang, Peter Licence, Audrey Moores, Thalappil Pradeep, Bert Sels, Bala Subramaniam, Michael KC Tam, Lina Zhang, and Rhea M. WilliamsCite this: ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2017, 5, 7, 5617Publication Date (Web):June 16, 2017Publication History Received14 June 2017Published online16 June 2017Published inissue 3 July 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01938https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01938editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views4573Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (314 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Biomaterials,Chemical engineering and industrial chemistry,Materials,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Automated Search for Conjectures on Mathematical Constants using Analysis of Integer Sequences (2022)

Formulas involving fundamental mathematical constants had a great impact on various fields of science and mathematics, for example aiding in proofs of irrationality of constants. However, the discovery of such formulas has historically remained scarce, often perceived as an act of mathematical genius by great mathematicians such as Ramanujan, Euler, and Gauss. Recent efforts to automate the discovery of formulas for mathematical constants, such as the Ramanujan Machine project, relied on exhaustive search. Despite several successful discoveries, exhaustive search remains limited by the space of options that can be covered and by the need for vast amounts of computational resources. Here we propose a fundamentally different method to search for conjectures on mathematical constants: through analysis of integer sequences. We introduce the Enumerated Signed-continued-fraction Massey Approve (ESMA) algorithm, which builds on the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm to identify patterns in integer sequences that represent mathematical constants. The ESMA algorithm found various known formulas for $e, e^2, tan(1)$, and ratios of values of Bessel functions. The algorithm further discovered a large number of new conjectures for these constants, some providing simpler representations and some providing faster numerical convergence than the corresponding simple continued fractions. Along with the algorithm, we present mathematical tools for manipulating continued fractions. These connections enable us to characterize what space of constants can be found by ESMA and quantify its algorithmic advantage in certain scenarios. Altogether, this work continues in the development of augmenting mathematical intuition by computer algorithms, to help reveal mathematical structures and accelerate mathematical research.
Probing orbital ordering in LaVO3 epitaxial films by Raman scattering (2016)

Single crystals of Mott-Hubbard insulator LaVO3 exhibit spin and orbital ordering along with a structural change below ≈140 K. The occurrence of orbital ordering in epitaxial LaVO3 films has, however, been little investigated. By temperature-dependent Raman scattering spectroscopy, we probed and evidenced the transition to orbital ordering in epitaxial LaVO3 film samples fabricated by pulsed-laser deposition. This opens up the possibility to explore the influence of different epitaxial strain (compressive vs. tensile) and of epitaxy-induced distortions of oxygen octahedra on the orbital ordering, in epitaxial perovskite vanadate films.
Modeling Neural Population Spiking Activity with Gibbs Distributions (2005)

Probabilistic modeling of correlated neural population firing activity is central to understanding the neural code and building practical decoding algorithms. No parametric models currently exist for modeling multivariate correlated neural data and the high dimensional nature of the data makes fully non-parametric methods impractical. To address these problems we propose an energy-based in which the joint probability of neural activity is represented as a Gibbs model using learned functions of the 1D marginal histograms of the data. The parameters of the model are learned using contrastive divergence and an optimization procedure for finding appropriate marginal directions. We evaluate the method using real data recorded from a population of motor cortical neurons. In particular, we model the joint probability of population spiking times and 2D hand position and show that the likelihood of test data under our model is significantly higher than under other models. These results suggest that our model captures correlations in the firing activity. Our rich probabilistic model of neural population activity is a step towards both measurement of the importance of correlations in neural coding and improved decoding of population activity. 1
Chemical Genetics Identifies Small-Molecule Modulators of Neuritogenesis Involving Neuregulin-1/ErbB4 Signaling (2010)

Genetic findings have suggested that neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) and its receptor v-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4 (ErbB4) may play a role in neuropsychiatric diseases. However, the downstream signaling events and relevant phenotypic consequences of altered Nrg1 signaling in the nervous system remain poorly understood. To identify small molecules for probing Nrg1-ErbB4 signaling, a PC12-cell model was developed and used to perform a live-cell, image-based screen of the effects of small molecules on Nrg1-induced neuritogenesis. By comparing the resulting phenotypic data to that of a similar screening performed with nerve growth factor (NGF), this multidimensional screen identified compounds that directly inhibit Nrg1-ErbB4 signaling, such as the 4-anilino-quinazoline Iressa (gefitinib), as well as compounds that potentiate Nrg1-ErbB4 signaling, such as the indolocarbazole K-252a. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of Nrg1-ErbB4 signaling events and demonstrate the feasibility of using such a multidimensional, chemical-genetic approach for discovering probes of pathways implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases.
High-Performance Organic Solar Cells Featuring Double Bulk Heterojunction Structures with Vertical-Gradient Selenium Heterocyclic Nonfullerene Acceptor Concentrations (2021)

In this study, we prepared organic photovoltaics (OPVs) featuring an active layer comprising double bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structures, featuring binary blends of a polymer donor and concentration gradients of two small-molecule acceptors. After forming the first BHJ structure by spin-coating, the second BHJ layer was transfer-printed onto the first using polydimethylsiloxane stamps. A specially designed selenium heterocyclic small-molecule acceptor (Y6-Se-4Cl) was employed as the second acceptor in the BHJ. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the two acceptors formed a gradient concentration profile across the active layer, thereby facilitating charge transportation. The best power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for the double-BHJ-structured devices incorporating PM6:Y6-Se-4Cl/PM6:Y6 and PM6:Y6-Se-4Cl/PM6:IT-4Cl were 16.4 and 15.8%, respectively; these values were higher than those of devices having one-BHJ structures based on PM6:Y6-Se-4Cl (15.0%), PM6:Y6 (15.4%), and PM6:IT-4Cl (11.6%), presumably because of the favorable vertical concentration gradient of the selenium-containing small-molecule Y6-Se-4Cl in the active layer as well as some complementary light absorption. Thus, combining two BHJ structures with a concentration gradient of the two small-molecule acceptors can be an effective approach for enhancing the PCEs of OPVs.
Are all state of the art techniques “simple as that” to implement in biomaterials research? : A pilot study in rat bone (2008)

Are all state of the art techniques simple as that to implement in biomaterials research? : a pilot study in rat bone
Perceptual constancy for phonemic categories: a developmental study with normal and language impaired children (1980)

ABSTRACT Six synthesized consonant-vowel syllables, three containing the phoneme /b/ in different vowel contexts and three the phoneme /d/, were presented randomly to developmental dysphasics and normal children. The ability to recognize that these six acoustically different stimuli shared two common phonemic categories (perceptual constancy) was investigated using nonverbal operantly conditioned response techniques. Results showed that although several children in both groups had difficulty with the task, the dysphasic group's performance was significantly poorer than the controls. Whereas the normal children improved significantly with age, the dysphasics did not. The results of this study suggest that speech perception, rather than being fully developed in infancy, changes throughout language development. By using procedures which have proven suitable for testing infants, with young children at various stages of language development, more might be learned about how the acoustic signal is encoded into speech and language and how this encoding changes throughout development or is disturbed in language disorders.
Dietary mercury intake and colorectal cancer risk: A case-control study (2019)

A high intake of mercury was associated with an elevated risk of overall CRC. Future large-scale prospective cohort studies are recommended to investigate the causal effects of dietary mercury intake by fish and shellfish consumption on CRC risk depending on anatomical site and menopausal status.
Photochemical Generation of Ribose Abasic Sites in RNA Oligonucleotides (2005)

[reaction: see text] A general method for the photochemical generation of ribose abasic sites within RNA oligonucleotides is reported. Photochemically caged nucleoside phosphoramidite analogues were prepared and incorporated into RNA oligonucleotides by automated RNA synthesis. Irradiation of the modified RNA at 350 nm efficiently produced ribose abasic sites at specific sites within RNA sequences. The current approach offers a chemical route to RNA abasic lesions for RNA biochemical studies.
Targeting endothelial junctional adhesion molecule‐ A / EPAC / R ap‐1 axis as a novel strategy to increase stem cell engraftment in dystrophic muscles (2013)

Muscular dystrophies are severe genetic diseases for which no efficacious therapies exist. Experimental clinical treatments include intra-arterial administration of vessel-associated stem cells, called mesoangioblasts (MABs). However, one of the limitations of this approach is the relatively low number of cells that engraft the diseased tissue, due, at least in part, to the sub-optimal efficiency of extravasation, whose mechanisms for MAB are unknown. Leukocytes emigrate into the inflamed tissues by crossing endothelial cell-to-cell junctions and junctional proteins direct and control leukocyte diapedesis. Here, we identify the endothelial junctional protein JAM-A as a key regulator of MAB extravasation. We show that JAM-A gene inactivation and JAM-A blocking antibodies strongly enhance MAB engraftment in dystrophic muscle. In the absence of JAM-A, the exchange factors EPAC-1 and 2 are down-regulated, which prevents the activation of the small GTPase Rap-1. As a consequence, junction tightening is reduced, allowing MAB diapedesis. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of Rap-1 increases MAB engraftment in dystrophic muscle, which results into a significant improvement of muscle function offering a novel strategy for stem cell-based therapies.
Fate of Systemically Administered Cocaine in Nonhuman Primates Treated with the dAd5GNE Anticocaine Vaccine (2014)

Cocaine use disorders are mediated by the cocaine blockade of the dopamine transporter in the central nervous system (CNS). On the basis of the concept that these effects could be obviated if cocaine were prevented from reaching its cognate receptors in the CNS, we have developed an anticocaine vaccine, dAd5GNE, based on a cocaine analog covalently linked to capsid proteins of an E1(-)E3(-) serotype 5 adenovirus. While the vaccine effectively blocks systemically administered cocaine from reaching the brain by mediating sequestration of the cocaine in the blood, the fact that cocaine also has significant peripheral effects raises concerns that vaccination-mediated redistribution could lead to adverse effects in the visceral organs. The distribution of systemically administered cocaine at a weight-adjusted typical human dose was evaluated along with cocaine metabolites in both dAd5GNE-vaccinated and control nonhuman primates. dAd5GNE sequestration of cocaine to the blood not only prevented cocaine access to the CNS, but also limited access of both the drug and its metabolites to other cocaine-sensitive organs. The levels of cocaine in the blood of vaccinated animals rapidly decreased, suggesting that while the antibody limits access of the drug and its active metabolites to the brain and sensitive organs of the periphery, it does not prolong drug levels in the blood compartment. Gross and histopathology of major organs found no vaccine-mediated untoward effects. These results build on our earlier measures of efficacy and demonstrate that the dAd5GNE vaccine-mediated redistribution of administered cocaine is not likely to impact the vaccine safety profile.
A true comparison of B0 shimming with a very high order spherical harmonic based setup and a multicoil shim array (2018)

In this work, a true experimental comparison between a very high order spherical harmonic based shim setup and a multi-coil shim array is presented. Each technique has its own cons and pros which are studied through several often-used sequences. All evaluations are performed by shimming of the human brain at 9.4T.