gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preferential Location of Ge Atoms in Polymorph C of Beta Zeolite (ITQ‐17) and Their Structure‐Directing Effect: A Computational, XRD, and NMR Spectroscopic Study (2002)

Germanium-gesteuerte Zeolithe: Simulationen von atomaren Kraftfeldern werden verwendet, um Ge-Atome und strukturdirigierende Reagentien im Ge-haltigen Zeolith ITQ-17 (siehe Bild) zu lokalisieren. Die Ge-Atome befinden sich vorzugsweise in den T1-Positionen, die doppelte Vierring-Einheiten bilden. Ein kombinierter theoretischer und experimenteller Ansatz ermöglichte es, die bevorzugten Positionen der Ge-Atome in den viergliedrigen Doppelringen von Polymorph C des Beta-Zeoliths zu bestimmen und den damit einhergehenden struktursteuernden Effekt nachzuweisen. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2002/z19356_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Gas/Oil Relative Permeability Hysteresis under Low Oil/Gas Interfacial Tension and Mixed-Wet Conditions (2012)

Accurate determination of relative permeability values and their hysteresis is crucial for obtaining a reliable prediction of the performance of water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection in oil reservoirs. In this paper, we report two series of gas/oil relative permeability curves obtained from coreflood experiments carried out in a mixed-wet core under a very low oil/gas interfacial tension (IFT) of 0.04 mN·m–1. The first set of the corefloods began by gas injection (drainage) in the core saturated with oil and immobile water (Swi). This was followed by a period of oil injection (imbibition), and this sequential injection of gas and oil continued, and in total, three drainage and two imbibition periods were carried out. In the second series of experiments, the core was initially saturated with gas and immobile water, and the experiment started with oil injection and followed by cycles of drainage and imbibitions. The measured pressure drop and production data were history matched through simulation analysis to obtain krg and kro values for each of the imbibition and drainage cycles. The results show that both the oil and the gas relative permeability curves show cycle-dependent hysteresis despite the very low gas/oil IFT. Therefore, the current assumption in existing models (such as Land, Carlson, and Killough) that the drainage scanning kr curves follow the preceding imbibition curve is not supported by our coreflood experiments. When compared to our measured data, the Carlson model predictions for krg in imbibition direction are poor. The Killough model predictions underestimate krg and overestimate kro, especially near trapped gas saturation regions. Beattie et al. hysteresis model is able to capture the krg and kro behavior that we observed in our experiments qualitatively, but it is still unable to predict the value of the observed hysteresis. The results suggest that, for mixed-wet systems, it is necessary to consider irreversible hysteresis loops for both the wetting and nonwetting phases. Such capability currently does not exist in reservoir simulators because of a lack of appropriate predictive tools.
Computer-aided design of hybrid and monolithic broad-band amplifiers for optoelectronic receivers (1989)

In very-high-data-rate fiber-optic systems, it is necessary to have an ultrawideband, high-gain, low-noise amplifier after the front end. The authors show how powerful analytical techniques, such as the real frequency technique, can be applied to the design of a 4-MHz-7-GHz amplifier. A two-stage monolithic amplifier designed according to the theory gives 17-dB gain; a three-stage hybrid amplifier exhibits 16-dB gain across the same frequency band. The gain, noise figure, and pulse response of each amplifier are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fundamental Studies of Fluoropolymer Photoresists for 157 nm Lithography. (2000)

A variety of fluorocarbinol containing polymers have been studied in an effort to identify transparent polymer platforms for use in 157nm VUV lithography. It was found that a single α-trifluoromethyl substituent renders poly(α-trifluoromethyl vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl alcohol), P(CF3VA-co-PVA), readily soluble in 0.262N TMAH. The THP-protected polymer can be spin-coated from PGMEA solutions and preliminary studies using 248nm exposure showed that it undergoes chemically amplified deprotection with a clearing dose of ∼-15mJ/cm2. Using a VUV spectrometer, absorption coefficients of ∼-3μm-1 were observed at 157nm with P(CF3VA-co-PVA) and THP protected P(CF3VA-co-PVA). On the basis of these results, we extended our investigation to a series of fluorocarbinol containing polydienes as aqueous base soluble polymer platforms synthesized by the ene reaction of hexafluoroacetone on the double bond. Fluorine content and glass transition temperature can be well controlled. We will discuss the scope and limitation of fluoropolymers for 157nm lithography.
Efficient Chemoselective Reduction of N‐Oxides and Sulfoxides Using a Carbon‐Supported Molybdenum‐Dioxo Catalyst and Alcohol (2019)

Abstract The chemoselective reduction of a wide range of N ‐oxides and sulfoxides with alcohols is achieved using a carbon‐supported dioxo‐molybdenum ( Mo@C ) catalyst. Of the 10 alcohols screened, benzyl alcohol exhibits the highest reduction efficiency. A variety of N ‐oxide and both aromatic and aliphatic sulfoxide substrates bearing halogens as well as additional reducible functionalities are efficiently and chemoselectively reduced with benzyl alcohol. Chemoselective N ‐oxide reduction is effected even in the presence of potentially competing sulfoxide moieties. In addition, the Mo@C catalyst is air‐ and moisture‐stable, and is easily separated from the reaction mixture and then re‐subjected to reaction conditions over multiple cycles without significant reactivity or selectivity degradation. The high stability and recyclability of the catalyst, paired with its low toxicity and use of earth‐abundant elements makes it an environmentally friendly catalytic system.
Case Report (2012)

Placement of mesh arms medial to the uterine vessels during a laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy can be facilitated by using blunt needles to introduce the mesh arms.
Disease patterns of rheumatology outpatients seen in a tertiary hospital serving a multi‐ethnic, urban Asian population in Singapore (2012)

Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and crystal arthritis were the three most common rheumatological diseases seen in a tertiary referral centre serving a multi-ethnic urban Asian population in Singapore.
Hydrodynamic Shape Changes Underpin Nuclear Rerouting in Branched Hyphae of an Oomycete Pathogen (2019)

Despite their fungal morphology, oomycetes constitute a distinct group of protists related to brown algae and diatoms. Many oomycetes are pathogens and cause diseases of plants, insects, mammals, and humans. Extensive efforts have been made to understand the molecular basis of oomycete infection, but durable protection against these pathogens is yet to be achieved. We use a plant-pathogenic oomycete to decipher a key physiological aspect of oomycete growth and infection. We show that oomycete nuclei travel actively and over long distances within hyphae and during infection. Such movements require microtubules anchored on the centrosome. Nuclei hydrodynamically adapt their shape to travel in or against the flow. In contrast, fungi lack a centrosome and have much less flexible nuclei. Our findings provide a basis for modeling of flexible nuclear shapes in branched hyphal networks and may help in finding hard-to-evade targets to develop specific antioomycete strategies and achieve durable crop disease protection.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Synthetic Route to Statine and Statine Analogues. (1990)

Abstract N‐Protection of the L‐amino acids (I) yields the dibenzylated derivatives (III) which are converted into the β‐keto γ‐amino acid esters (V) by consecutive reaction with N,N‐carbonyldiimidazole and malonic acid monoethyl ester (IV).
A CMOS Temperature Stabilized 2-Dimensional Mechanical Stress Sensor with 11-bit Resolution (2019)

An integrated 11-bit 2-D CMOS stress sensor is presented with 66dB of dynamic range, measuring -100 to 360MPa, and <; 1LSB error over temperature from 5°C to 90°C. N-Well-based primary elements enable accurate sensing of stress magnitude and angle, and allow repeatable error compensation.
SOTIS - a self-organizing traffic information system (2004)

Traffic and travel information (TTI) systems in use today are based on a centralized structure. Sensors along the roadside monitor traffic density and transmit the results to a central unit where a situation analysis of the global traffic scenario is performed. The resulting traffic information is made available to drivers via broadcast service or alternatively on demand via cellular phone. Within the FleetNet project, a completely different proposal to establish a powerful traffic information system is developed and analyzed, which is based in inter-vehicle communications (IVC). All vehicles are part of a self-organizing traffic information system (SOTIS): each vehicle monitors the locally observed traffic situation by recurrently receiving data packets with detailed information from other vehicles. A traffic situation analysis if performed in each individual vehicle and the result is transferred via wireless data-link to all surrounding vehicles in the local neighborhood. No sensors along the highways, no central units and no local broadcast stations or cellular networks are needed, which minimizes infrastructure costs. The complete system can be easily avoided completely. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SOTIS technique can easily provide detailed information for each vehicle with an individual information range of more than 50 km from the current position with high accuracy and low delay. Even in situations where only a small fraction of all vehicles (e.g. 2%) is equipped with the SOTIS technology, the full functionality of a traffic information system is available.
PinComm: Characterizing Intra-application Communication for the Many-Core Era (2010)

As the number of cores in both embedded Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chip and general purpose processors keeps rising, on-chip communication becomes more and more important. In order to write efficient programs for these architectures it is therefore necessary to have a good idea of the communication behavior of an application. We present a communication profiler that extracts this behavior from compiled, sequential or parallel C/C++ programs, and constructs a dynamic data-flow graph at the level of major functional blocks. In contrast to existing methods of measuring inter-program communication, our tool automatically generates the program's data-flow graph and is less demanding for the developer. It can also be used to view differences between program phases (such as different video frames), which allows both input- and phase-specific optimizations to be made. We will also describe briefly how this information can subsequently be used to guide the effort of parallelizing the application, to co-design the software, memory hierarchy and communication hardware, and to provide new sources of communication-related runtime optimizations.
An assessment of Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) criteria for active surveillance of clinically low-risk prostate cancer patients (2017)

Low-risk prostate cancer patients who met PRIAS eligibility criteria are less likely to have higher-risk cancer compared to those who did not meet at least one of these criteria.
Comparison of control schemes for a class of distributed systems (1982)

We consider a class of systems consisting of a main processor and subtending peripheral processors and study classes of control policies for limiting traffic to and the response time of the main processor. The classes correspond to window schemes, which control the load based on the number of outstanding customers in suitability defined stages of processing, and a variety of buffering disciplines designed to improve overload performance. Queueing network and Markovian models are used to analyze performance. We study the effect of location of the control point (centralized and various distributed schemes), as well as the effect of the queueing disciplines used, by comparing their throughput response time tradeoff characteristics.
Modeling of the waveguide refractive index profile using generalized gaussian functions (1995)

This paper presents a flexible method for the modelling of the optical active waveguides (Er:Ti:LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB>) refractive-index profile which has been reconstructed from a noisy width and depth smoothed intensity profile. The simulation procedure included signal processing of the measured intensity profile by means of a cubic spline approximation and a generalized Gaussian function. The presented model allows the evaluation of the index difference (Delta) n, effective index n<SUB>eff</SUB> and other parameters which characterize the optical waveguides.
Plasmodial Modifications of Erythrocyte Surfaces (2008)

The maturation of malarial parasites in red blood cells produces major alterations in the composition and properties of the host cell surfaces. Existing surface-exposed proteins are modified and new antigenic glycoproteins are synthesized by the parasite and inserted into the membrane. Some of the neoproteins are associated with surface excrescences on the host cells and in some cases these foster adhesion of those cells to capillary endothelium. The erythrocyte endoskeleton is degraded and in association the infected cells become deformed and lose pliability. An increase in intracellular Ca2+ may contribute to the changes in host cells surfaces.
Distribution among tissues and intracellular localization of cofilin, a 21kDa actin-binding protein. (1987)

Cofilin, a 21kDa actin-binding protein, binds to F-actin in a 1:1 molar ratio of cofilin to actin molecule (Nishida, E., S. Maekawa, and H. Sakai, Biochemistry, 23, 5307-5313, 1984) and is capable of controlling actin polymerization and depolymerization in vitro in a pH-sensitive manner (Yonezawa, N., E. Nishida, and H. Sakai, J. Biol. Chem., 260, 14410-14412, 1985). In this study, immunoblot analysis using monospecific antibodies against cofilin showed that cofilin is ubiquitously distributed in a variety of bovine and rat organs and tissues. Cofilin is also present in various cultured cell lines. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of mouse fibroblastic cells and human epidermoid carcinoma cells indicated that cofilin is distributed nearly uniformly in the cytoplasm and is concentrated in ruffling membranes where F-actin is also concentrated as revealed by staining with rhodamine-phalloin. Stress fiber structures were not strongly stained with the anti-cofilin antibody, although stress fiber staining was sometimes observed near the cell periphery in mouse 3T3 cells. These results suggest that the bulk of cofilin may not be associated with F-actin bundles in vivo.
Controllable Neural Prosody Synthesis (2020)

Speech synthesis has recently seen significant improvements in fidelity, driven by the advent of neural vocoders and neural prosody generators. However, these systems lack intuitive user controls over prosody, making them unable to rectify prosody errors (e.g., misplaced emphases and contextually inappropriate emotions) or generate prosodies with diverse speaker excitement levels and emotions. We address these limitations with a user-controllable, context-aware neural prosody generator. Given a real or synthesized speech recording, our model allows a user to input prosody constraints for certain time frames and generates the remaining time frames from input text and contextual prosody. We also propose a pitch-shifting neural vocoder to modify input speech to match the synthesized prosody. Through objective and subjective evaluations we show that we can successfully incorporate user control into our prosody generation model without sacrificing the overall naturalness of the synthesized speech.
Adli Bilişim İncelenme Süreçlerinde Yapay Zeka Kullanımı: VGG16 ile Görüntü Sınıflandırma (2021)

Son yıllarda teknolojide meydana gelen gelişmelerle beraber başta internet ve sosyal medya olmak üzere bulut bilişim, akıllı telefon ve navigasyon sistemleri gibi uygulamaların kullanım oranları artmıştır. İnternet ve bilişim cihazlarının yoğun kullanımı, beraberinde depolanan veya aktarılan veri miktarını arttırmış ve bu artış aynı zamanda dijital dünya ile ilişkilendirilen suç oranının da yükselmesine neden olmuştur. İşlenen suçlara ilişkin elde edilen delil boyutu da paralel olarak artmış ve artan veri miktarı, adli bilişim uzmanlarının mevcut imkânlarla veriyi analiz edebilmesini zorlaştırmıştır. Adli bilişim veri inceleme süreçlerinde yaşanan aksamalar nihai olarak adli yargılama süreçlerini de olumsuz etkilemiştir. Söz konusu sorunların giderilmesi kapsamında makalede, elde edilen görüntü verilerinin hızlı ve doğru olarak analiz edilmesini sağlayan bir model önerilmiştir. Önerilen model, VGG16 ağ yapısı ile görüntü sınıflandırma için özel tasarlanan ağ katmanlarından oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada, 2085’i Kaggle platformundan 915’i farklı kaynaklardan oluşturulan 300*300 piksel çözünürlüklü resimlerden oluşan veri seti kullanılmıştır. Model, FloydHub ortamında Keras ve TensorFlow kütüphaneleri ile test edilmiştir. Test sonuçlarına göre modelde %97.8 doğruluk oranı elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuç, benzer çalışmalarla kıyaslanmış ve önerilen modelin diğer çalışmalara oranla ortalama %5 oranında performans artışı sağladığı görülmüştür.
Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease as Interconnected Syndromes (2014)

This review considers evidence that acute and chronic kidney diseases are not distinct entities but rather are closely interconnected. The implications of this insight are discussed in terms of the approach to patients with kidney disease.
The effects of power, knowledge, and trust on income disclosure in surveys (1996)

Objective. Research documents that income nonresponse is not randomly distributed, yet the reasons why some groups are less willing than others to disclose their incomes have not been developed. The authors propose that powerlessness in the household and in society in general increases the likelihood of income nonresponse because it decreases knowledge and trust. Knowledge in turn affects the ability to report household income, and mistrust affects the willingness to report income. Methods. The authors analyze exact income nonresponse and complete income nonresponse in a national probability sample of 2,031 respondents interviewed by telephone in 1990. Results. Homemakers and those with little household power are less likely to report exact income ; African Americans, the poorly educated, and people who feel powerlessness are less likely to report exact income; and respondents who mistrust others are less likely to report any income. Counter to expectations, the odds of both types of income nonresponse increase with economic advantage. Conclusion. Viewing survey respondents as thinking agents constrained and empowered by broader social relations helps explain income nonresponse
On the Evolution of Specificity and Catalysis in Subtilisin (1987)

Serine proteases are present in almost all organisms and exhibit a wide range of substrate specificities (for reviews, see Stroud 1974; Kraut 1977). The enzymes are characterized by a set of three catalytic residues consisting of a serine, a histidine, and an aspartic acid (the catalytic triad). Nature has apparently evolved the catalytic triad structure and the resulting serine protease mechanism at least twice. In particular, subtilisin (from species of bacillus) and chymotrypsin (from mammalian pancreas) are genetically unrelated and their corresponding tertiary structures are entirely different. However, it is possible to virtually superimpose the catalytic triad and some features of the substrate-binding site from these convergently related enzymes (Kraut et al. 1971).
PTPRA Phosphatase Regulates GDNF-Dependent RET Signaling and Inhibits the RET Mutant MEN2A Oncogenic Potential (2020)

The RET proto-oncogene encodes receptor tyrosine kinase, expressed primarily in tissues of neural crest origin. De-regulation of RET signaling is implicated in several human cancers. Recent phosphatome interactome analysis identified PTPRA interacting with the neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-dependent RET-Ras-MAPK signaling-axis. Here, by identifying comprehensive interactomes of PTPRA and RET, we reveal their close physical and functional association. The PTPRA directly interacts with RET, and using the phosphoproteomic approach, we identify RET as a direct dephosphorylation substrate of PTPRA both in vivo and in vitro. The protein phosphatase domain-1 is indispensable for the PTPRA inhibitory role on RET activity and downstream Ras-MAPK signaling, whereas domain-2 has only minor effect. Furthermore, PTPRA also regulates the RET oncogenic mutant variant MEN2A activity and invasion capacity, whereas the MEN2B is insensitive to PTPRA. In sum, we discern PTPRA as a novel regulator of RET signaling in both health and cancer.
DeepLiDAR: Deep Surface Normal Guided Depth Prediction for Outdoor Scene from Sparse LiDAR Data and Single Color Image (2018)

In this paper, we propose a deep learning architecture that produces accurate dense depth for the outdoor scene from a single color image and a sparse depth. Inspired by the indoor depth completion, our network estimates surface normals as the intermediate representation to produce dense depth, and can be trained end-to-end. With a modified encoder-decoder structure, our network effectively fuses the dense color image and the sparse LiDAR depth. To address outdoor specific challenges, our network predicts a confidence mask to handle mixed LiDAR signals near foreground boundaries due to occlusion, and combines estimates from the color image and surface normals with learned attention maps to improve the depth accuracy especially for distant areas. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our model improves upon the state-of-the-art performance on KITTI depth completion benchmark. Ablation study shows the positive impact of each model components to the final performance, and comprehensive analysis shows that our model generalizes well to the input with higher sparsity or from indoor scenes.