gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achieving Thermodynamic Stability of Single‐Crystal Co‐Free Ni‐Rich Cathode Material for High Voltage Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2023)

Abstract Ni‐rich layered cathode materials are progressively considered as the standard configuration of high‐energy electric vehicles by virtues of their high capacity and eliminated “range anxiety.” However, the poor cyclic stability and severe cobalt supply crisis would restrain their wide commercial applicability. Here, a cost‐effective single‐crystal Co‐free Ni‐rich cathode material LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.18 Fe 0.02 O 2 (NMF), which outperforms widely commercial polycrystalline LiNi 0.83 Co 0.11 Mn 0.06 O 2 (MNCM) and single‐crystal LiNi 0.83 Co 0.11 Mn 0.06 O 2 (SNCM) is reported. Surprisingly, NMF can compensate for the reversible capacity loss under the designed conditions of high‐temperature and elevated‐voltage, achieving a competitive energy density compared with conventional MNCM or SNCM. Combining operando characterizations and density functional theory calculation, it is revealed that NMF cathode with improved dynamic structure evolution largely alleviates the mechanical strain issue commonly found in Ni‐rich cathode, which can reduce the formation of intragranular cracks and improve the safety performance. Consequently, this new Co‐free NMF cathode can achieve a perfect equilibrium between material cost and electrochemical performance, which not only reduces the production cost by &gt;15%, but also demonstrates excellent thermal stability and cycling performance..
Data from Oncogenic Activating Mutations Are Associated with Local Copy Gain (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Although activating mutations and gains in copy number are key mechanisms for oncogene activation, the relationship between the two is not well understood. In this study, we focused on &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; copy gains and mutations in non–small cell lung cancer. We found that &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; copy gains occur more frequently in tumors with &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; activating mutations and are associated with large increases in &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; expression. These copy gains tend to be more focal in tumors with activating mutations than in those with wild-type &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;. Fluorescence &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; hybridization analysis revealed that some tumors have homogeneous low-level gains of the &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; locus, whereas others have high-level amplification of &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;, often in only a fraction of tumor cells. Associations between activating mutation and copy gains were also observed for other oncogenes (&lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; in non–small cell lung cancer, &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;NRAS&lt;/i&gt; in melanoma). Activating mutations were associated with copy gains only at the mutated oncogene locus but not other oncogene loci. However, &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; activating mutations in colorectal cancer were not associated with copy gains. Future work is warranted to clarify the relationship among the different mechanisms of oncogene activation. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(8):1244–52)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
AB066. Duration dependent visual plasticity via monocular deprivation (2018)

Background: Short-term monocular deprivation has been recently shown to temporarily increase the sensitivity of the patched eye. Many studies have patched subjects for an arbitrary period of 2.5 hours, but for no principled reason. Our goal is to show a relationship, if any, between the length of patching duration and the strength of its effect.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison Torsatron/Stellarator Laboratory program, FY 1991--1993. Annual progress report (1991)

This document summarizes results obtained during the first eight months of the current three year grant for research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Torsatron/Stellarator Laboratory (TSL) and presents plans for future activity during fiscal years 1992 and 1993. Research efforts have focused on fundamental physics issues associated with toroidal confinement, predominantly through experimental investigations on the Interchangeable Module Stellarator (IMS). The program direction has been guided into studies of fluctuations, potentials and electric fields, plasma currents and flows, and effects of magnetic islands by a desire for increased relevance and impact on the general toroidal confinement program. Theoretical and computational activities are also being undertaken to support the experimental research and to identify interesting new toroidal confinement concepts which could contribute to the understanding of tokamak transport.
Adenylosuccinate Synthetase: Site of Action of Hydantocidin, a Microbial Phytotoxin (1996)

The site of action of hydantocidin was probed using Arabidopsis thaliana plants growing on agar plates. Herbicidal effects were reversed when the agar medium was supplemented with AMP, but not IMP or GMP, suggesting that hydantocidin blocked the two-step conversion of IMP to AMP in the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway. Hydantocidin itself did not inhibit adenylosuccinate synthetase or adenylosuccinate lyase isolated from Zea mays. However, a phosphorylated derivative of hydantocidin, N-acetyl-5'-phosphohydantocidin, was a potent inhibitor of the synthetase but not of the lyase. These results identify the site of action of hydantocidin and establish adenylosuccinate synthetase as an herbicide target of commercial potential.
2705 Characteristics of Squirrel Cage Fan on Specific Noise (2008)

The squirrel cage fan is used in many facilities for high pressure and large of flow rates, and is desired to improve the fan efficiency. In this paper, this type of fan with the large span was researched. The fluid and sound characteristics are experimentally analyzed at out of the impeller and in the scroll casing. It is cleared that the flow is fairly biased to the center and it is emerged the large circulation region over the half of span. The kinematic energy, at each scroll section, is not accumulated at the beginning of the scroll, but near the end of its. The sound energy from the fan is extremely turned out at the end of the scroll.
Dihydropteridine reductase deficiency: Levodopa’s long-term effectiveness without dyskinesia (2006)

We report an adult patient lacking endogenous synthesis of monoamines (dopamine, serotonin, and catecholamines) due to a severe dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) deficiency. With levodopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) supplementation, the patient exhibited moderate mental retardation, acute episodes of parkinsonism, and episodes of depression. Despite the use of levodopa from age 3 months, he exhibited no dyskinesia or dopaminergic cell loss as suggested by normal PET imaging of the dopamine transporter.
Role of mycoplasma infection in the cytopathic effect induced by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in infected cell lines (1992)

In addition to previously reported tetracycline analogs, other antibiotics known for antimycoplasmal activities inhibited the cytopathic effect in CEM cl13 cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or HIV-2 but were unable to block virus replication. A contaminating mycoplasma was isolated from our CEM cl13 cells and identified as a strain of Mycoplasma fermentans. Following infection of lymphoblastoid (CEM) or promonocytic (U937 and THP1) cell lines with HIV-1, cytopathic effect was observed only in association with mycoplasmal contamination. Moreover, HIV-1 infection of U937 cells after experimental inoculation with a human isolate of M. fermentans led to pronounced cell killing. We have verified that this effect is not merely an artifact caused by arginine and/or glucose depletion in the cell culture medium. These results confirm that mollicutes, in particular M. fermentans, are able to act synergistically with HIV-1 to kill infected cells in some in vitro systems.
Class 1A PI3K regulates vessel integrity during development and tumorigenesis (2008)

PI3K is important in the regulation of growth, proliferation, and survival of tumor cells. We show that class 1A PI3K is also critical in the tumor microenvironment by regulating the integrity of the tumor vasculature. Using Tie2Cre-mediated deletion of the PI3K regulatory subunits (p85alpha, p55alpha, p50alpha, and p85beta), we generated mice with endothelial cell-specific loss of class 1A PI3K. Complete loss of all subunits caused acute embryonic lethality at E11.5 due to hemorrhaging, whereas retention of a single p85alpha allele yielded viable mice that survived to adulthood. These heterozygous mice exhibited no vascular defects until challenged with a pathological insult, such as tumor cells or high levels of VEGF. Under these pathological conditions, heterozygous mice exhibited localized vascular abnormalities, including vessel leakage and the inability to maintain large vessels, which caused a deceleration of tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we show that a PI3K inhibitor can mimic the effects of class 1A PI3K loss, which suggests that targeting class 1A PI3K may be a promising therapy for blocking tumor angiogenesis.
Modélisation et simulation numérique d'oligomères du MM 2. 1. 2 : contribution à l'analyse de ses propriétés d'agrégation (2004)

Les nanotechnologies utilisees dans le traitement de certaines pathologies permettent actuellement de concevoir des systemes transporteurs acheminant les principes actifs jusqu'a leurs cibles. Les enjeux sont considerables puisque ces systemes offrent une protection au principe actif, augmentent la penetration intracellulaire et le ciblage et donc reduisent les doses a administrer et les effets secondaires. Ces systemes, appeles vecteurs, peuvent etre constitues de polymere biodegradable. Le poly(methylidene malonate 2. 1. 2), developpe par la societe de recherche pharmaceutique Virsol, est un des polymeres utilisables dans ce domaine. Il presente une faible toxicite et la synthese relativement aisee de particules a base de ce polymere rend son developpement interessant. Une etude complete de ses proprietes d'agregation a necessite la modelisation et la simulation numerique en solvatation explicite d'oligomeres de methylidene malonate 2. 1. 2. Apres un chapitre d'introduction sur les vecteurs colloidaux, nous presenterons les resultats obtenus en dynamique moleculaire puis ceux issus de calculs ab initio.
Development of a global arterial-and venous-tree model for a multi-scale hemodynamic simulator (2006)

While computational fluid dynamics (CFD) on blood flow are now widely accepted in quantitatively analyzing biomechanical and biomedical phenomena, so far most of the CFD-based studies have been focusing exclusively on some specific blood vessels or vascular segments under highly simplified physiological boundary conditions, and hardly consider the interactions among the interested region and the whole circulatory system. The cardiovascular system, however, is a closed-loop system where hemodynamics is an integrated result of the complicated interactions and plays an important role in hemodynamic regulations throughout the system. Therefore, a multi-scale hemodynamic simulator capable to evaluate the circulatory system in a synthetical manner is thought to be able to provide a physiologically realistic evaluation on the circulatory functions. A baseline for such a hemodynamic simulator requires development of a global arterial-and-venous tree model on a basis of the blood vessel morphology of the vascular system as well as the vessel-specific biomechanical properties. In this paper we present some preliminary results of a recently established vascular system database, involving 375 blood vessel models of 263 arteries and 112 veins, which are built up based on the Voxel-Man 3D Navigator, and of visualized blood flow patterns in some vessels of the global arterial-and-venous tree model.
Propensity score prediction for electronic healthcare databases using Super Learner and High-dimensional Propensity Score Methods (2017)

The optimal learner for prediction modeling varies depending on the underlying data-generating distribution. Super Learner (SL) is a generic ensemble learning algorithm that uses cross-validation to select among a "library" of candidate prediction models. The SL is not restricted to a single prediction model, but uses the strengths of a variety of learning algorithms to adapt to different databases. While the SL has been shown to perform well in a number of settings, it has not been thoroughly evaluated in large electronic healthcare databases that are common in pharmacoepidemiology and comparative effectiveness research. In this study, we applied and evaluated the performance of the SL in its ability to predict treatment assignment using three electronic healthcare databases. We considered a library of algorithms that consisted of both nonparametric and parametric models. We also considered a novel strategy for prediction modeling that combines the SL with the high-dimensional propensity score (hdPS) variable selection algorithm. Predictive performance was assessed using three metrics: the negative log-likelihood, area under the curve (AUC), and time complexity. Results showed that the best individual algorithm, in terms of predictive performance, varied across datasets. The SL was able to adapt to the given dataset and optimize predictive performance relative to any individual learner. Combining the SL with the hdPS was the most consistent prediction method and may be promising for PS estimation and prediction modeling in electronic healthcare databases.
Fermilab 4.3-MeV Electron Cooler (2014)

The Recycler Electron Cooler (REC) was the first cooler working at a relativistic energy (gamma = 9.5). It was successfully developed in 1995-2004 and was in operation at Fermilab in 2005-2011, providing cooling of antiprotons in the Recycler ring. After introducing the physics of electron cooling and the REC system, this paper describes measurements carried out to tune the electron beam and optimize its cooling properties. In particular, we discuss the cooling strategy adopted for maximizing the collider integrated luminosity.
Fourier f-k migration for plane wave ultrasound imaging: Theoretical framework (2012)

Ultrafast ultrasound is an emerging modality that offers new perspectives and opportunities in medical imaging. Plane wave imaging (PWI) allows one to attain very high frame rates by transmission of planar ultrasound wavefronts. As a plane wave reaches a given scatterer, the latter becomes a secondary source emitting spherical waves and creating a diffraction hyperbola. To produce an image of the scatterers, all the hyperbolas must be migrated back to their apexes. In order to perform efficient PWI migration while keeping high-quality images at high frame rates, we propose a migration method carried out in the frequency-wavenumber (f-k) domain. The f-k migration for PWI has been adapted from the Stolt migration for seismic imaging. This migration technique is based on the exploding reflector model (ERM), which consists in assuming that all the scatterers explode simultaneously and become acoustic sources. The classical ERM model, however, is not appropriate for PWI. We proved that the ERM can be made suitable for PWI by a spatial transformation of the hyperbolic signatures present in the radio-frequency data.
Stereospecific Synthesis of P-Chiral Di(2′-O-Deoxyribonucleoside)methanephosphonates (1991)

Abstract Using monomeric 5′-O-monornethoxytrityl(2′ -O-deoxyribonucleoside) 3′-O- (O-(4-nitrophenyl))methanephosphonate of defined absolute configuration at phosphorus and suitably 3′-protected-5′-activated nucleoside components, both (Rp)- or (Sp)-isomers of four di(2′-O-deoxy-ribonucleoside) methanephosphonates were prepared.
Review of fluorescence guided surgery visualization and overlay techniques (2015)

In fluorescence guided surgery, data visualization represents a critical step between signal capture and display needed for clinical decisions informed by that signal. The diversity of methods for displaying surgical images are reviewed, and a particular focus is placed on electronically detected and visualized signals, as required for near-infrared or low concentration tracers. Factors driving the choices such as human perception, the need for rapid decision making in a surgical environment, and biases induced by display choices are outlined. Five practical suggestions are outlined for optimal display orientation, color map, transparency/alpha function, dynamic range compression, and color perception check.
Ag-doped phosphate glass with high weathering resistance for RPL dosimeter (2020)

Ag-doped phosphate glass employed in the commercial dosimeter named FD-7 is used globally as one of the most reliable dosimeter materials. The luminescence phenomenon is well known as radiophotoluminescence (RPL). In this work, a new RPL glass material was developed for dosimeters that are used under high humidity conditions. The glass material that contains Ag2O as an activation center was produced by the melt-quenching method. The radiation properties and the optimal amount of Ag2O concentration required for achieving the best performance of the glass were evaluated using the RPL read-out system employing the photon counting method. On exposure to UV laser light radiation, the new RPL glass developed in this work emitted light of an approximate wavelength of 650 nm after radiation exposure, and the RPL intensity was proportional to the exposed dose. In addition, the glass material exhibited high reusability owing to the repeated operation of irradiation and reset. On conducting the weathering resistance test for a long duration, it was found that the new RPL glass exhibited the same RPL intensity and appearance as its initial values.
Substrate analog inhibition and active site titration of purified recombinant HIV-1 protease (1990)

The aspartyl protease of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) has been expressed in Escherichia coli at high levels, resulting in the formation of inclusion bodies which contain denatured insoluble aggregates of the protease. After solubilization of these inclusion bodies in guanidinium chloride, the protease was purified to apparent homogeneity by a single-step reverse-phase HPLC procedure. The purified, but inactive, protein was denatured in 8 M urea and refolded to produce the active protease. Enzyme activity was demonstrated against the substrate H-Val-Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-OH, modeled after the cleavage region between residues 128 and 135 in the HIV gag polyprotein. With this substrate, a Vmax of 1.3 +/- 0.2 mumol/(min.mg) and KM of 2.0 +/- 0.3 mM were determined at pH 5.5. Pepstatin (Iva-Val-Val-Sta-Ala-Sta-OH) and substrate analogues with the Tyr-Pro residues substituted by Sta, by Phe psi [CH2N]Pro, and by Leu psi [CH(OH)CH2]Val inhibited the protease with KI values of 360 nM, 3690 nM, 3520 nM, and less than 10 nM, respectively. All were competitive inhibitors, and the tightest binding compound provided an active site titrant for the quantitative determination of enzymatically active HIV-1 protease.
Combined Diffusion-Weighted and Perfusion-Weighted Flow Heterogeneity Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Stroke (2000)

Flow heterogeneity and MTT can be rapidly assessed as part of a routine clinical MR examination and may provide a tool for planning of individual stroke treatment, as well as in targeting and evaluation of emerging therapeutic strategies.
53 The Importance of Secretory IgA on Trans-Epithelial Transport of Commensal Bacteria and its Consequences on Neonatal Immune Development: Preclinical Assessment (2012)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> Secretory IgA (SIgA) naturally binds to commensal bacteria and is able to cross back through the intestinal epithelium to promote immune responses. The aim of the present work was to investigate the contribution of SIgA on the trans-epithelial transport of commensal bacteria, such as probiotics, and its consequences on neonatal immune development as such process may also occur with SIgA originating from breast milk. <h3>Methods</h3> Fluorescent bacteria alone or associated with SIgA as immune complexes (IC) were administered into intestinal loops containing one Peyer’s patch (PP) in SPF or germ-free mice. Fate of bacteria within PP over time was analyzed by confocal microscopy. After day 7 of life, germ-free mouse neonates were conventionalized to induce natural neonatal gut colonization and supplemented up to weaning with either placebo, probiotics or IC. Immune maturation was then assessed by measuring mucosal IgA production (ELISPOTs) in PPs. <h3>Results</h3> Natural entry of commensal bacteria into PP was speeded up when administered in the form of IC. In germ-free mice, lacking endogenous SIgA, a very low level of trans-epithelial transport of commensal bacteria was observed, which was restored with IC. While early-life supplementation with probiotics alone significantly enhanced occurrence of IgA producing cells in PPs of pups as compared to controls, IC feeding significantly further increased it. <h3>Conclusions</h3> SIgA-mediated entry of commensal bacteria in PPs represents a mechanism ensuring the continuous dialogue between the host and its microbiota, particularly relevant for neonatal immune development.
Circulating Mitochondrial DNA in Patients in the ICU as a Marker of Mortality: Derivation and Validation (2013)

Increased mtDNA levels are associated with ICU mortality, and inclusion of mtDNA level improves risk prediction in medical ICU patients. Our data suggest that mtDNA could serve as a viable plasma biomarker in medical ICU patients.
Atypical Composition and Ultrastructure of Proteoglycans in the Mouse Corneal Stroma (2005)

KS in the mouse is predominantly undersulfated and generates an immunostaining pattern that differs from that observed in corneas of other mammalian species thus far investigated. The mouse cornea resembles other mammalian corneas in the presence of filamentous arrays of small, collagen-associated stromal PGs visualized by cationic dye staining. However, large dye-positive structures with a CS/DS component are also present and appear to be unique to the cornea of this species.
New Electrochemical Methods for the Evaluation of Localized Corrosion in Engine Coolants (2006)

Abstract Due to the need of increasing energy efficiency, reducing pollution and lessening dependency on petroleum, vehicles using more advanced propulsion technologies such as fuel cell and hybrid electric (e.g., gasoline-electric or diesel-electric hybrid) power are being developed constantly. At the same time, extensive development efforts are being devoted to research aiming to increase the use of lighter metals such as magnesium alloys in today's engines. New engine coolants are often required to meet many of these new developments and the associated changes in cooling system requirements. Since corrosion protection is one of the key performance parameters for engine coolants, new and more effective corrosion measurement methods are useful for evaluating old and developing new coolants to meet the needs of new cooling systems or having improved corrosion protection performance, or both. Particularly, new electrochemical methods capable of more reliable, quantitative, and fast (ideally, real-time) measurements of localized corrosion such as pitting, crevice, and under-deposit corrosion, and corrosion under heat rejecting conditions are highly desired. Existing ASTM test methods for engine coolants either rely on inspection of the sample after a relatively long exposure period to determine the extent of localized attack or do not yield results directly related to localized corrosion. In this paper, coupled multi-electrode sensors test and simulated localized corrosion cell technique are compared and discussed to gain new insight for facilitating the development of more effective inhibited coolants.