gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic analysis of group III nitrides grown by metal-organic vapour-phase epitaxy (MOVPE), hydride (or halide) vapour-phase epitaxy (HVPE) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) (2001)

An analysis of element incorporation from a thermodynamic viewpoint is described for the vapour-phase epitaxy (metal-organic vapour-phase epitaxy (MOVPE), hydride (or halide) vapour-phase epitaxy (HVPE) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)) of group III nitrides. The driving force of binary nitrides and the vapour-solid distribution relationship for ternary and quaternary nitrides are discussed. It is shown that the growth rate and alloy composition of group III nitrides are thermodynamically controlled. The thermodynamically predicted orders in which binary nitrides incorporate into alloys are very similar for all epitaxial methods and the order is basically governed by the Gibbs free energy of formation of the binary nitrides irrespective of the growth method.
Demonstration of highly efficient lithium–sulfur batteries (2015)

This manuscript systematically studied impacting factors in Li–S cells and proposed a new explanation of the shuttle-inhibiting mechanism of LiNO<sub>3</sub> additive.
Multilayer Reservoir Testing with Multiprobe Wireline Formation Tester (1996)

Multilayer Reservoir Testing with Multiprobe Wireline Formation Tester. Summary. Four multiprobe wireline formation pressure transient tests were performed in a well in the Thamama formation. The main purpose of the tests was to estimate vertical communication across what were perceived to be thin, tight layers. The tests were unique because they had sink and horizontally offset probes, and two vertical probes - the farther one being almost ten feet away from the sink. The downhole tests were complemented by extensive core measurements of porosity, vertical and horizontal permeabilities, and other petrophysical properties. The cores and the wellbore images obtained through the formation micro imager were depth matched. A reservoir model comprising 30 layers was used to analytically model the tested region for pressure transient propagation. The layer model was constructed based on the geological description, openhole logs, and the resistivity images. The data from the wellbore multiprobe interference tests were used to estimate the layer horizontal and vertical permeabilities using a nonlinear least-squares estimation method. The permeabilities from cores, pretests, and multiprobe tests were found to compare favorably. In addition, the pretest permeabilities along the wellbore, which correspond to endpoint effective permeabilities in the filtrate invaded region are within 50% of the core values. This suggests a weakly wet formation. The following results have been deduced from our study:–Vertical communication across zones of interest; - Horizontal and vertical permeabilities on probe spacing length scales;–Integration of high-resolution wellbore images with multiprobe measurements;–Reconciliation of core and log data with multiprobe pressure transient tests for new insights into vertical continuity. Introduction This paper presents the interpretation of four multiprobe pressure transient tests conducted at four locations along the wellbore with Modular Formation Dynamics Tester (MDT) in Well X in the carbonate Thamama reservoir. The multiprobe formation tester (MDT) is shown in Fig. 1 and is described in detail by Zimmerman et al. A four-probe configuration, as also shown in Fig. 1, that consists of sink and horizontal probes (dual-probe module) and two single vertical-probe modules, was used to perform these transient tests. The sink-observation probe spacings are 2.3 ft for the first vertical probe (V1) and 10.3 ft for the second one (V2) as shown in Fig. 1. For each transient test, the pressure distribution in the formation was created by producing (withdrawing) fluids through the sink probe with the pumpout module or one-gallon sample chamber. The pumpout module consists of dual chambers that alternate the pumping of formation fluids into the borehole. The reciprocating piston pumps hydraulic oil into the pump-out module displacement unit. P. 12
Structural requirements for RNA editing in hepatitis delta virus: evidence for a uridine-to-cytidine editing mechanism. (1992)

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) nucleotide 1012 is edited from uridine to cytidine in 10-40% of the RNA genomes during replication. This editing event is an important control point in the HDV life cycle because it results in both the packaging of viral RNA and the inhibition of HDV replication. We find that the editing event is highly specific for both the sequences neighboring nucleotide 1012 and the base-paired context of position 1012 within the unbranched rod structure of HDV RNA. Prior studies identified the base transition at nucleotide 1012 but were unable to distinguish between editing of the genomic versus the antigenomic strands [Luo, G. X., Chao, M., Hsieh, S. Y., Sureau, C., Nishikura, K. & Taylor, J. (1990) J. Virol. 64, 1021-1027]. In this study, comparisons of mutations that differentiate between base pairing in genomic and antigenomic RNAs indicate that the genomic strand of HDV is the actual editing substrate. We conclude that the virus uses a uridine to cytidine editing mechanism, which is provided by the host cell.
Generation and control of ultrashort-wavelength two-dimensional surface acoustic waves at nanoscale interfaces (2012)

In this work, we generate and probe the shortest wavelength surface acoustic waves to date, at 45 nm, by diffracting coherent extreme ultraviolet beams from a suboptical phononic crystal. The short acoustic wavelengths correspond to penetration depths of approximately 10 nm. We also measure the acoustic dispersion in two-dimensional nanostructured phononic crystals down to this wavelength for the first time, showing that it is strongly influenced by the ultrashort acoustic penetration depth, and that advanced finite-element analysis is required to model the dispersion. Finally, we use pulse sequences to control surface acoustic wave generation in one-dimensional nanostructured gratings, to preferentially enhance higher-order surface waves, while suppressing lower frequency waves. This allows us to reduce the generated surface acoustic wavelength by a factor of two for a defined nanostructure period.
Implementation and Preliminary Clinical Outcomes of a Pharmacist‐managed Venous Thromboembolism Clinic for Patients Treated With Rivaroxaban Post Emergency Department Discharge (2017)

The pharmacist-managed clinic is a novel expansion of clinical pharmacy services that treats patients with low-risk VTEs with rivaroxaban in the outpatient setting. The evaluation of outcomes provides support that pharmacist-managed care utilizing standardized protocols under a CPA may be as safe as care by a PCP.
Subject‐ and resource‐specific monitoring and proactive management of parallel radiofrequency transmission (2015)

Using the presented RF pulse design method, effective proactive management of the multifaceted power and SAR limits was demonstrated in experimental and simulation studies. Magn Reson Med 76:20-31, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single Chip Lenses for Ultrasonic Imaging (1979)

Abstract : During this program, the theoretical understanding of Cascade Charge Coupled Device (C3D) electronic lenses have been greatly extended. Specifically, the attenuation effects of transfer efficiency were found to be deterministic and insignificant, lateral resolution and sidelobe response were not to be serious limitations, while for moderate values of charge-transfer inefficiency, spatial shifting of beamsteering angle was found to be minor. In addition, a novel analysis of the device performance substantiated that aberations resulting from the intermodulation process would, in most practical cases, not limit system performance. Also during this program, the fabrication process for the device was optimized. This includes optimizing of the polysilicon electrode conduction and the channel length. An advanced lens incorporating the cumulative design rules resulting from this program has been fabricated. This device, a 32 channel, 10,000 charge-coupled element lens, will be used in 4.5 MHz imaging system to be developed under another program.
CONSORT Extension for Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulas 2017: Recommendations, Explanation, and Elaboration (2017)

Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) formulas are the major components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interventions. The general reporting quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CHM formulas is disappointing, although CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) Statement extensions for herbal medicinal interventions and acupuncture interventions are available. A group of TCM clinical experts, methodologists, epidemiologists, and editors has developed this CONSORT Extension for CHM Formulas (CONSORT-CHM Formulas 2017) through a comprehensive process, including publication of the draft version, solicitation of comments, revision, and finalization. The CONSORT 2010 Statement was extended by introducing the idea of TCM Pattern and the features of CHM formulas. One new checklist subitem, keywords, was added to facilitate indexing and data searching. Seven of the 25 CONSORT checklist items, namely title and abstract, background and objectives, participants, interventions, outcomes, generalizability, and interpretation, are now elaborated, and the explanation of harms specific to CHM formulas is revised. Illustrative examples and explanations are also provided. The group hopes that CONSORT-CHM Formulas 2017 can improve the reporting quality of RCTs of CHM formulas.
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy can differentiate high grade and low grade prostatic carcinoma (2016)

Prostate tumors are graded by the revised Gleason Score (GS) which is the sum of the two predominant Gleason grades present ranging from 6-10. GS 6 cancer exclusively with Gleason grade 3 is designated as low grade (LG) and correlates with better clinical prognosis for patients. GS >7 cancer with at least one of the Gleason grades 4 and 5 is designated as HG indicate worse prognosis for patients. Current transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies often fail to correctly diagnose HG prostate cancer due to sampling errors. Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) of biological tissue depend on tissue morphology and architecture. Thus, DRS could potentially differentiate between HG and LG prostatic carcinoma. A 15-gauge optical biopsy needle was prototyped to take prostate biopsies after measuring DRS with a laboratory fluorometer. This needle has an optical sensor that utilizes 8×100 μm optical fibers for tissue excitation and a single 200 μm central optical fiber to measure DRS. Tissue biopsy cores were obtained from 20 surgically excised prostates using this needle after measuring DRS at 5 nm intervals between 500-700 nm wavelengths. Tissue within a measurement window was histopathologically classified as either benign, LG, or HG and correlated with DRS. Partial least square analysis of DRS identified principal components (PC) as potential classifiers. Statistically significant PCs (p<;0.05) were tested for their ability to classify biopsy tissue using support vector machine and leave-one-out cross validation method. There were 29 HG and 49 LG cancers among 187 biopsy cores included in the study. Study results show 76% sensitivity, 80% specificity, 93% negative predictive value, and 50% positive predictive value for HG versus benign, and 76%, 73%, 84%, and 63%, for HG versus LG prostate tissue classification. DRS failed to diagnose 7/29 (24%) HG cancers. This study demonstrated that an optical biopsy needle guided by DRS has sufficient accuracy to differentiate HG from LG carcinoma and benign tissue. It may allow precise targeting of HG prostate cancer providing more accurate assessment of the disease and improvement in patient care.
Carvedilol Stereopharmacokinetics in Rats: Affinities to Blood Constituents and Tissues (1993)

Carvedilol, a lipophilic beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with vasodilating activities, is characterized by a high as well as stereoselective metabolic clearance and distribution volume. Tissue distribution of carvedilol enantiomers and their conjugates were determined under steady-state conditions in rats (p.o., 10 mg/kg, repetitive dosage; n = 5) and after single i.v. administration in control rats and rats with surgical portacaval shunt (pcs) (10 mg/kg; n = 3 each group). In addition, in vitro plasma protein binding was evaluated. The plasma protein binding of carvedilol in rats is > 98% for total plasma (tp) and > 96% for rat serum albumin (rsa) solution (4%), with enantioselectivity ratios of 1.53 (tp) and 1.27 (rsa). Significantly higher unbound fractions were observed in pcs rats, in part due to reduced protein concentrations. In contrast to plasma, where a preponderance of the R-enantiomer with an S/R ratio of 0.6 was found, S-carvedilol was predominant in all tissues (heart, liver, kidneys, lung, spleen, muscle, and adipose tissue), with S/R ratios of 1.3-1.4 in most of these tissues and 2.3 in liver. This preferential tissue partitioning of S-carvedilol was in accordance with its higher unbound fraction in plasma. Carvedilol accumulated predominantly in the highly perfused and/or eliminating organs liver, kidneys, and lung (tissue/plasma ratios; lung: S 76, R 34; liver: S 21, R 5; kidney: S 8, R 3). A similarly enantioselective distribution into the heart of control as well as pcs rats was observed, where the S-enantiomer concentrations exceeded the plasma concentrations 7-fold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
InP optical constants between 0.75 and 5.0 eV determined by variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (1995)

Using variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) InP optical constants for photon energies have been determined in the range from 0.75 to 5.0 eV, which includes the fundamental gap at 1.35 eV. Above 1.5 eV the results are consistent with previously measured pseudovalues from an oxide-stripped sample when a very thin residual overlayer is accounted for. They are also shown to be compatible with previously published prism measurements of refractive index below the band gap. Real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function are shown to be Kramers–Kronig (KK) self-consistent above the gap, and the KK analysis was used to extend the dielectric function below the measurement range to 0.5 eV. The assumptions underlying biased fitting of VASE data and the importance of variable-angle measurements were investigated. The detection and significance of systematic errors for general VASE data analysis were also investigated, especially with regard to fit parameter confidence limits.
Accountable internet protocol (aip) (2008)

This paper presents AIP (Accountable Internet Protocol), a network architecture that provides accountability as a first-order property. AIP uses a hierarchy of self-certifying addresses, in which each component is derived from the public key of the corresponding entity. We discuss how AIP enables simple solutions to source spoofing, denial-of-service, route hijacking, and route forgery. We also discuss how AIP's design meets the challenges of scaling, key management, and traffic engineering.
End-pointing chamber clean by calorimetric probing of process effluent (2006)

The semiconductor industry employs gas-phase cleaning widely to remove materials deposited on the chamber walls during thin-film deposition processes. Chamber clean end-pointing—i.e., terminating the process when the chamber is clean—is desirable to manage cost of ownership and environmental impact. Existing end-pointing methods tend to rely on changes of plasma characteristics as the in situ plasma removes the deposit in time. Chamber clean technology is moving towards remote generation of plasma species for cleaning. In this arrangement, the chamber is located downstream from the plasma source. Because the etching reaction occurs ex situ, there are no relevant changes occurring in the plasma characteristics, and the effectiveness of many existing methods decreases. We report the development of a calorimetric probe for chamber clean end-pointing. The probe has an all solid-state construction and is engineered to be immersed in the process effluent during end-pointing operation. When the probe is operated at constant temperature, the probe power is closely related to the energy flux carried by the effluent, which in turn correlates with chamber conditioning. We examine probe response to NF3 plasma and etching of silicon specimens in a laboratory setting, and demonstrate successful end-pointing for both in situ and remote chamber clean on production tools. The probe results compare favorably with other coinstalled end-pointing solutions.
Inhibition of cellular chemotactic invasion by a vinca alkaloid, conophylline. (1996)

K-ras-NIH3T3 cells were more invasive than NIH3T3 cells in a chemotactic invasion assay. Conophylline, a new vinca alkaloid isolated as a ras function inhibitor, inhibited the invasion of K-ras-NIH3T3 cells, while it showed no effect on NIH3T3 cells. Conophylline did not increase expression of fibronectin but induced E-cadherin expression in K-ras-NIH3T3 cells. Mouse melanoma B16/F10 is a highly metastatic cell line. Conophylline was found to induce flat morphology in B16/F10 cells and it again inhibited the invasion of the cells to the matrigel membrane. It induced fibronectin expression but not E-cadherin expression in B 16/F10 cells. Thus, conophylline lowered invasiveness of K-ras-NIH3T3 and B 16/F10 cells by reversing neoplastic phenotypes.
RF Oscillators Based on Piezoelectrically Driven Optical Modulation (2018)

This paper investigates the use of piezoelectrically actuated acousto-optic modulators as a building block for generating electronic frequency references at radio frequencies (RFs). Similar to the concept of an optoelectronic oscillator, this approach leverages the strengths of multiple domains such as strong photonic confinement with optical resonances and the inherent compact RF filtering capabilities of piezoelectric resonators. An initial oscillator demonstration is constructed around an integrated aluminum nitride acousto-optic modulator, with a center frequency of 653 MHz. Phase noise of this device is analyzed and matched with the measured results, including the various contributors to input noise power density. This model allows us to determine anticipated figures for phase noise performance on par with the state of the art based on future improvements to the acousto-optic modulator.
An exploration of trends in normalized weather-related catastrophe losses (2008)

In order to evaluate potential trends in global natural catastrophe losses, it is important to compensate for changes in asset values and exposures over time. We create a Global Normalized Catastrophe Catalogue covering weather-related catastrophe losses in the principal developed (Australia, Canada, Europe, Japan, South Korea, United States) and developing (Caribbean, Central America, China, India, the Philippines) regions of the world. We survey losses from 1950 through 2005, although data availability means that for many regions the record is incomplete for the period before the 1970s even for the largest events. After 1970, when the global record becomes more comprehensive, we find evidence of an annual upward trend for normalized losses of 2% per year. Conclusions are heavily weighted by US losses, and their removal eliminates any statistically significant trend. Large events, such as Hurricane Katrina and China flood losses in the 1990s, also exert a strong impact on trend results. In addition, once national losses are further normalized relative to per capita wealth, the significance of the post-1970 global trend disappears. We find insufficient evidence to claim a statistical relationship between global temperature increase and normalized catastrophe losses.
Table S1 from Systematic Interrogation of Tumor Cell Resistance to Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screens&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure 2 from Inhibitor of Differentiation-1 as a Novel Prognostic Factor in NSCLC Patients with Adenocarcinoma Histology and Its Potential Contribution to Therapy Resistance (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Inhibitor of Differentiation-1 as a Novel Prognostic Factor in NSCLC Patients with Adenocarcinoma Histology and Its Potential Contribution to Therapy Resistance
Technological improvements of a metal oxide gas multi-sensor based on a micro-hotplate structure and inkjet deposition for an automotive air quality sensor application (2014)

International audience
Conception d'un switch RF à base de filaments conducteurs nanométriques (2012)

National audience
Nanoscale Modulation of the Pore Dimensions, Size Distribution and Structure of a new Polysulfone-Based High-Flux Dialysis Membrane (2001)

Current haemodialysis therapy modalities such as haemodiafiltration enhance the removal of larger uraemic solutes from the blood of patients on end-stage renal disease. A number of clinical investigations have demonstrated the clinical benefits of such therapies in contributing towards better patient survival rates and an improved quality of life. A fundamental prerequisite to the application of convective treatment modalities is the availability of appropriate, technologically-advanced high-flux dialysis membranes that are able to eliminate larger uraemic substances with high efficiency but without causing an excessive leakage of useful proteins. A new membrane, Helixone, has been developed specifically to meet the present-day requirements of high-flux dialysis and haemodiafiltration therapies involving large substitution rates. The application of nanotechnology fabrication principles and procedures has enabled the development of a membrane having highly-defined inner, separating layer surface structures that offer minimal resistance to the removal of large molecular weight substances across the membrane; for the first time, pore size dimensions, pore size distribution and pore geometry have been modulated and controlled at the nanoscale level for Helixone. This paper describes the characterisation of the essential structure- and permeation-related parameters of the new membrane using a number of physical analytical techniques.
Ultra-low phase noise microwave signal from an optical frequency comb (2017)

International audience