gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Area-Selective ALD with Soft Lithographic Methods: Using Self-Assembled Monolayers to Direct Film Deposition (2009)

Area-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a technique that can be used for fabricating 3D structures with dimensions down to the nanoscale. A patterned resist, typically a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), directs film deposition through area-selective ALD, leading to lateral patterning. This article will describe the overall approach to area-selective ALD, introduce the process of atomic layer deposition, and discuss the development of monolayer ALD resists. We will describe the results of studies which show that monolayers with a high degree of packing and hydrophobicity perform best in blocking ALD, and that resistance against ALD can be used as a sensitive probe of SAM quality. We further describe patterning of the SAM through soft lithography, in particular microcontact printing (μCP), for the area-selective ALD process, and compare the area-selective ALD processes for HfO2 and Pt ALD. The powerful patterning capability of μCP and the flexibility of area-selective ALD for various materials can impact many potential applications, and studies applying this process to fuel cell devices and integrated circuits will be described.
<title>Tilt analysis of readback signals from DVD-ROM media</title> (1998)

Tilt is a major source of distortion for the DVD channel. This paper is aimed at understanding the effect of tilt on the readback signal. Equalized signals were collected from DVD-ROM media on an optical spin stand with a variable tilt stage. A simulated version of duty cycle correction (DCC) was applied to each signal to cancel the baseline drift. The pulse response, which characterizes the signal under the linear superposition assumption, was extracted for each signal. The pulse response of the DVD-ROM channel is shown to be highly affected by tangential tilt while the effect of radial tilt is minimal.
A Control-Oriented Polytropic Model of SI Engine Intake Manifold (2003)

The paper presents experimental results which show significant changes of the intake manifold air temperature during fast tip-in/tip-out engine transients. An adequate two-state polytropic manifold model is developed and experimentally validated. An emphasis is on the derivation and parameterization of a time-variant structure of the heat transfer coefficient. The polytropic manifold model is extended to a three-state form for the more general case of different heat transfer properties for the manifold plenum and runners. An influence of the engine back flow on the runner thermal transients is observed. A simple extension of the three-state model with the back flow effect is proposed.
Addressing challenges in sealing of scalable multifiber module for O 2 enrichment using LSCF membranes (2021)

Abstract Scalable and multifiber modules in oxygen separation face huge challenges due to difficulty in integrating all the necessary components, especially in sealing the fibers in a gas tight module. Here, we report our findings on design and fabrication of a multifiber La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3–δ (LSCF)‐based module, which can be scaled up. The focus is on sealing ceramic‐metal interfaces by layering of sealants of varying thermal properties. We have also incorporated the use of dead ended fibers to minimize ceramic‐metal interfaces in the hot zones and present a new method for dead ending by flame melting. Pressurizing the air inlet feed from either bore side or shell side is detrimental to the structural integrity of the fibers. A thorough characterization of the fresh and spent fibers is also carried out using X‐ray tomography and electron microscopy, which indicates effect of temperature and pressure on the fibers.
The Susceptibility of Magnetic Hard Disk Drives to External dc Magnetic Fields (2013)

The first magnetic hard disk drive was created by IBM in 1956. Despite extreme improvements in data density and data transfer rates, the fundamental concept of operation in modern drives remains largely intact (Hayes, 2002). The drives store and retrieve data using moveable read and write heads held proximal to rotating platters. The platters are coated with a thin layer of cobalt alloy (previously an iron-based magnetic material) that is divided into magnetic domains called bit cells. A bit cell in a modern drive contains 50-100 grains of magnetic material, and the collective magnetic orientation of these grains in a single bit cell represents a logical binary "0" or "1." Through the read/write heads, the disk drive has the means to both detect previously written ones and zeroes (read) and to create or reverse magnetic polarization in bit cells to create new stored data (write). Figure 1 shows this arrangement.
<title>Acousto-optic compressing photodetector approach for cw signals</title> (1990)

Two types of acoustooptic compressing photodetector structures suitable for continuous wave or long pulsewidth signals are described. The first compressing photodetector structure utilizes the subthreshold operation of carrier transport over the blooming gate to generate a compressing transfer characteristic. The second compressing structure utilizes the Coulombic repulsion of carriers at high carrier densities to generate a compressing transfer characteristics. The first structure is optimum for long integration times (10 to 200 microns), while the second structure is appropriate for short integration times (1 to 20 microns). Both detector structures initially exhibit an integration characteristic followed by a compresing characteristic. In both cases, the onset of the compressing characteristic is adjustable by varying the offset bias between the blooming gate and the imaging gate. The first detector structure exhibits a logarithmic compressing characteristic while the second detector structure exhibits a square-root compressing characteristic. Simulation models have been developed for both detector structures.
Norms, Standards, and Legislation for Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oils from Lignocellulosic Biomass (2015)

Fast pyrolysis of woody biomass is close to full maturity, with first-of-its-kind commercial size installations for fuel production being commissioned in Finland (Fortum) and in The Netherlands (Empyro), and in the design phase in Brazil (Ensyn). In the industrial-scale combustion tests, the use of fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO) has been demonstrated to be a viable option to replace heavy fuel oil in district heating applications. Commercially usable district heating boilers and burners suitable for FPBO are available. There is research on diesel-engine and gas-turbine applications but, so far, no proven demonstrations. FPBO is completely different from mineral oils; hence, standards are needed. Analytical methods have been systematically validated and modifications to the standards as well as completely new methods have been made. Two ASTM burner fuel standards already exist and European boiler fuel grades are being developed under CEN. The focus on CEN standardization is on boiler use, because of its commercial readiness.
Volatile Constituents in Oil from Different Plant Parts of Methyl Eugenol-RichOcimum tenuiflorumL.f. (syn.O. sanctumL.) Grown in South India (2005)

Abstract Ocimum tenuiflorum L.f. (syn. O. sanctum L.) (Lamiaceae) is an indigenous ayurvedic medicinal plant of India and is popularly known as holy basil/sacred basil. Oils obtained by hydrodistillation from leaves, stems, inflorescence and whole herb were analyzed by GC and GC/MS and retention indices. Methyl eugenol was the major constituent of all the oils (72.5%, 75.3%, 83.7% and 65.2% in oils from whole herb, leaf, stem and inflorescence, respectively). β-Caryophyllene was the second most dominant constituent and the respective concentration in each oil (5.5%, 6.4%, 2.7% and 12.0%).
AutoPerf: A Generalized Zero-Positive Learning System to Detect Software Performance Anomalies (2017)

We present AutoPerf, a generalized software performance regression diagnosis
system. AutoPerf uses autoencoders, an unsupervised learning technique, and
hardware performance counters to learn the performance signatures of a program.
It then uses this knowledge to identify when newer versions of the program
suffer from performance regressions, while simultaneously providing root cause
analysis to help programmers debug the program's performance. AutoPerf is the first zero-positive learning performance regression diagnosis
system. It trains entirely in the negative (non-anomalous) space to learn
positive (anomalous) behaviors. We demonstrate AutoPerf's generality against
three different types of performance regressions: (i) true sharing cache
contention, (ii) false sharing cache contention, and (iii) NUMA latencies
across 15 real world performance regressions and 7 open source programs. On
average, AutoPerf exhibits only 3.7% profiling overhead and diagnoses more
regressions than prior state-of-the-art approaches.
Phase I study of the safety and activity of formulated IL-12 plasmid administered intraperitoneally in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed advanced stage ovarian cancer. (2017)

5568 Background: This study evaluated weekly intraperitoneal (IP) GEN-1, an IL-12 plasmid formulated with polyethyleneglycol-polyethyleneimine cholesterol lipopolymer, with intravenous (IV) weekly taxane (T) and carboplatinum (C) every 3 weeks in epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer (EOC) patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy (NAC). The primary objective was to evaluate the tolerability and safety of GEN-1 with NAC. Secondary objectives included objective clinical response and pathological response at interval debulking surgery (IDB). Methods: Newly diagnosed advanced stage EOC patients being treated with NAC were eligible. The trial utilized a 3+3 design with GEN-1 IP dose levels of 36 mg/m 2 , 47 mg/m 2 , 61 mg/m 2 , and 79 mg/m 2 weekly for 8 treatments with concurrent IV T/C. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was based on the first 4 doses of GEN-1 administered. Results: To date, 13 patients have been treated on-study with 12 patients receiving all 8 treatments of IP GEN-1 with no DLTs. The most common related toxicities were Gr 1 nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and fatigue. One patient experienced Gr 2 fevers associated with GEN-1 but responded to acetaminophen and fluids. One patient did not undergo IDB while on-study due to a cancer related pulmonary embolism and severe deconditioning. This patient has since improved and will have IDB. Conclusions: Adding GEN-1 to neoadjuvant T/C is safe and appears to be active in EOC patients. We are reporting the interim findings; final results with translational data to be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT02480374. [Table: see text]
Monocular LSD-SLAM Integration within AR System (2017)

In this paper, we cover the process of integrating Large-Scale Direct Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (LSD-SLAM) algorithm into our existing AR stereo engine, developed for our modified "Augmented Reality Oculus Rift". With that, we are able to track one of our realworld cameras which are mounted on the rift, within a complete unknown environment. This makes it possible to achieve a constant and full augmentation, synchronizing our 3D movement (x, y, z) in both worlds, the real world and the virtual world. The development for the basic AR setup using the Oculus Rift DK1 and two fisheye cameras is fully documented in our previous paper. After an introduction to image-based registration, we detail the LSD-SLAM algorithm and document our code implementing our integration. The AR stereo engine with Oculus Rift support can be accessed via the GIT repository https://github.com/MaXvanHeLL/ARift.git and the modified LSD-SLAM project used for the integration is available here https://github.com/MaXvanHeLL/LSD-SLAM.git.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Metrics in Ultra-long Electrodeposited PEDOT Nanowires (2010)

The Seebeck coefficient, S, and the electrical conductivity, σ, of electrodeposited poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanowires and thin films are reported. PEDOT nanowires were prepared by electropolymerizing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) in aqueous LiClO(4) within a template prepared using the lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition (LPNE) process. These nanowires were 40-90 nm in thickness, 150-580 nm in width, and 200 μm in length. σ and S were measured from 190 K to 310 K by fabricating heaters and thermocouples on top of arrays of 750 PEDOT nanowires. Such PEDOT nanowire arrays consistently produced S values that were higher than those for PEDOT films: up to -122 μV/K (310 K) for nanowires and up to -57 μV/K (310 K) for films. The sample-to-sample variation in S for 14 samples of PEDOT nanowires and films, across a wide range of critical dimensions, is fully explained by variations in the carrier concentrations in accordance with the Mott equation. In spite of their higher |S| values, PEDOT nanowires also had higher σ than films, on average, because electron mobilities were greater in nanowires by a factor of 3.
Author Correction: Risk factors for serious morbidity, prolonged length of stay and hospital readmission after laparoscopic appendectomy - results from Pol-LA (Polish Laparoscopic Appendectomy) multicenter large cohort study (2019)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Effect of cantilever nonlinearity in nanoscale tensile testing (2007)

Microcantilevers are widely used in micro-/nanoscale mechanics studies. The nonlinear response of a cantilever at large deflection is sometimes overlooked. A general study of cantilever beam nonlinearity under a variety of loading conditions was performed with analytical and finite element analyses. Analytical equations for the applied load and the cantilever deflection were obtained. The cantilever nonlinearity was found to increase with increasing cantilever deflection and/or angle of loading. Tensile tests were performed on templated carbon nanotubes (TCNTs) with a custom-made nanomanipulator inside a scanning electron microscope. Atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers were used to load the TCNTs and sense the force. During the tests the AFM cantilevers were loaded to relatively large deflections with nonvertical loads applied at the AFM tip. Based on the slope and the loading angle measurements, the breaking forces of the TCNTs were obtained through numerical integration of the analytical equations. A comparison was made between the load results obtained from linear and nonlinear analyses. The linear analysis was found to underestimate the applied load by up to 15%.
New Polyfunctional Phragmalin Limonoids from Neobeguea mahafalensis (2016)

Neobeguea mahafalensis is used as a medicinal plant in Madagascar. A decoction of the stem bark of this species is reported to treat back pain. Recently, it was reported that a decoction of the root bark, containing two novel phragmalin limonoids as identified active constituents, exhibited an extraordinarily high potency and remarkably long duration in augmenting sexual activity in male rodents.From the dichloromethane extract of the root barks of N. mahafalensis, nine phragmalin limonoids were isolated, of which eight were novel compounds. The structures were established mainly by extensive use of 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and high-resolution mass spectrometry. One of the new compounds named dodoguin displayed sleep-inducing activity in Swiss albino mice. The amount of 3-10 mg/kg of this compound induced sleep 18-22 min after its administration with a duration of 16-18 min.
ATRT-04. UNBIASED METABOLIC PROFILING OF ATYPICAL TERATOID/RHABDOID TUMORS PREDICTS SENSITIVITY TO GLUTAMINE METABOLIC INHIBITORS (2019)

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are deadly tumors of infancy in need of new, targeted therapies to reduce morbidity and improve survival. Molecular analyses have revealed considerable molecular heterogeneity dividing AT/RT into three distinct subgroups. MYC expression is identified in a particularly aggressive subgroup of AT/RT. MYC is challenging to target directly given large, flat, featureless protein-protein binding sites. To identify anomalies that can be targeted in high MYC-expressing AT/RT, we performed unbiased metabolic profiling of each of our 8 AT/RT cell lines using high pressure liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) identified a distinct metabolic profile in high MYC-expressing cell lines. Further pathway analysis highlighted unique patterns of glutamine utilization in these cell lines. In fact, high-MYC expressing cell lines were more dependent on glutamine for growth and survival (MTS assay, glutamine-free media vs normal media). Due to this dependence on glutamine metabolism, we hypothesized that high-MYC expressing AT/RT would be especially sensitive to glutamine metabolic inhibitors. We showed that the glutamine analogue, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) slowed high-MYC expressing AT/RT cell growth (MTS assay, p<0.001), induced high rates of apoptosis (C-PARP by western blot), and improved survival in orthotopic mouse models (p<0.01 by log-rank test). In contrast, low-MYC expressing models were relatively resistant to DON. Metabolic flux experiments showed that DON inhibited glutamine-dependent synthesis of glutathione, depleting cells of intracellular glutathione. This DON-induced depletion of glutathione sensitized cells to carboplatin, leading to increased AT/RT cell death (cell viability assay, p<0.001 by ANOVA) and extended survival in mice bearing AT/RT orthotopic xenografts (p< 0.001 by log rank test). We aim to translate these findings into a new clinical trial to improve survival in this deadly disease.
Controlling Magnetic Properties of Nanoparticles with the Extended LaMer Mechanism. (2017)

Abstract not provided.
The role of the ICOS-B7h T cell costimulatory pathway in transplantation immunity (2003)

Inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS) plays a pivotal role in T cell activation and Th1/Th2 differentiation. ICOS blockade has disparate effects on immune responses depending on the timing of blockade. Its role in transplantation immunity, however, remains incompletely defined. We used a vascularized mouse cardiac allograft model to explore the role of ICOS signaling at different time points after transplantation, targeting immune initiation (early blockade) or the immune effector phase (delayed blockade). In major histocompatibility-mismatched recipients, ICOS blockade prolonged allograft survival using both protocols but did so more effectively in the delayed-treatment group. By contrast, in minor histocompatibility-mismatched recipients, early blockade accelerated rejection and delayed blockade prolonged graft survival. Alloreactive CD4+ T cell expansion and alloantibody production were suppressed in both treatment groups, whereas only delayed blockade resulted in suppression of effector CD8+ T cell generation. After delayed ICOS blockade, there was a diminished frequency of allospecific IL-10-producing cells and an increased frequency of both IFN-gamma- and IL-4-producing cells. The beneficial effects of ICOS blockade in regulating allograft rejection were seen in the absence of CD28 costimulation but required CD8+ cells, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4, and an intact signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 pathway. These data define the complex functions of the ICOS-B7h pathway in regulating alloimmune responses in vivo.
Physics of Spectral CT Measurements (2013)

Figure 2.1 depicts the setup of a spectral CT x-ray attenuation measurement. The source <i>S</i> emits a flux of x-ray quanta at an object. The object consists of x-ray-attenuating materials that are described by their spectral attenuation coefficient &#x03BC;(<i>E</i>, <strong>r</strong>) at position <strong>r</strong>. The detector registers the quanta passing through the object. Two independent measurements with and without the object are performed. The resulting intensities <i>I</i> and <i>I</i><sub>0</sub> yield the attenuation <i>A</i> = <i>I</i>=<i>I</i><sub>0</sub> &#x2208; [0,1], which describes the relative decrease in intensity caused by x-ray attenuation in the object. In the following, we briefly review the spectral characteristics of the source, object, and detector.
Heavy flavour decay muon production at forward rapidity in proton–proton collisions at s=7 TeV (2012)

The production of muons from heavy flavour decays is measured at forward rapidity in proton–proton collisions at s=7 TeV collected with the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The analysis is carried out on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity Lint=16.5 nb−1. The transverse momentum and rapidity differential production cross sections of muons from heavy flavour decays are measured in the rapidity range 2.5<y<4, over the transverse momentum range 2<pt<12 GeV/c. The results are compared to predictions based on perturbative QCD calculations.
Correction: Carbon Nanotubes Based 3-D Matrix for Enabling Three-Dimensional Nano-Magneto-Electronics (2012)

This letter describes the use of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT)-based arrays with estimated 2-nm thick cobalt (Co) nanoparticles deposited inside individual tubes to unravel the possibility of using the unique templates for ultra-highdensity low-energy 3-D nano-magneto-electronic devices. The presence of oriented 2-nm thick Co layers within individual nanotubes in the CNT-based 3-D matrix is confirmed through VSM measurements as well as an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
Solution-Processed Carbon Nanotube True Random Number Generator (2017)

With the growing adoption of interconnected electronic devices in consumer and industrial applications, there is an increasing demand for robust security protocols when transmitting and receiving sensitive data. Toward this end, hardware true random number generators (TRNGs), commonly used to create encryption keys, offer significant advantages over software pseudorandom number generators. However, the vast network of devices and sensors envisioned for the "Internet of Things" will require small, low-cost, and mechanically flexible TRNGs with low computational complexity. These rigorous constraints position solution-processed semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as leading candidates for next-generation security devices. Here, we demonstrate the first TRNG using static random access memory (SRAM) cells based on solution-processed SWCNTs that digitize thermal noise to generate random bits. This bit generation strategy can be readily implemented in hardware with minimal transistor and computational overhead, resulting in an output stream that passes standardized statistical tests for randomness. By using solution-processed semiconducting SWCNTs in a low-power, complementary architecture to achieve TRNG, we demonstrate a promising approach for improving the security of printable and flexible electronics.
Shifting ecologies of malignant and nonmalignant cells following BRAF inhibition (2014)

Clinical vignette: A 49-year-old man with stage IV BRAFV600E-driven melanoma was initiated on twice-daily 960 mg of vemurafenib for treatment of progressive and recurrent subcutaneous metastatic disease of the left lower extremity. The patient's melanoma responded well to targeted BRAF inhibition. At treatment onset, hematologic parameters were all within normal limits; however, within three months of initiating therapy, wbc were found to be elevated (to 20 K) with sustained lymphocytosis of mature phenotype. Immunophenotypic analysis was consistent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and FISH results revealed presence of the CLL-associated deletion in chromosome 13q14 as well as in 2p33. Vemurafenib was withdrawn after approximately one year of therapy, and subsequently, his peripheral lymphocytosis resolved and CLL regressed. Nevertheless, a monoclonal B cell population persisted even 732 days after discontinuation of vemurafenib.