gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Invertibility of acoustic systems: An intuitive physics-based model of minimum phase behavior (2015)

The invertibility of acoustic systems has significant consequences for a number of applications such as room equalization and reverberation cancellation. Invertibility of a system is assured when it is minimum phase, i.e., if the system has no zeros or poles outside of the unit circle in the z-plane. For a nonminimum phase system, with zeros or poles exterior to the unit circle, the inverse is either unstable or non-causal. This discussion, couched in mathematical terms, gives little insight into the physical origin of minimum versus nonminimum phase system behavior. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the paper aims to provide an overview of the concepts and methods for assessing the invertibility of the response of acoustic systems. Second, the paper provides a physically intuitive picture of minimum versus nonminimum phase response in acoustic systems. We consider an acoustic system composed of a loudspeaker and a receiver placed at arbitrary locations within a reverberant rectangular enclosure. We then find the relationship that must exist between the direct and the reverberant sound fields to ensure that the system remains minimum phase. We then describe a simple scheme for finding the frequencies at which nonminimum phase behavior appears.
Experimental studies on the human gait using a tethered pelvic assist device (T-PAD) (2011)

This paper presents the prototype of a novel tethered pelvic assist device (T-PAD). This is a purely passive device, consisting of a set of elastic tethers with one end attached to a hip brace worn by a subject walking on a treadmill, and the other end attached to a fixed frame surrounding the subject. T-PAD offers the flexibility of varying the assistance required on the pelvis by changing the configuration of the tether attachment locations, number of tethers and tether elasticity. Experimental studies were conducted using a full and a partial pelvic constraint configuration of T-PAD, with varying tether elasticity. The studies were aimed at observing the effect of T-PAD on the human gait. Results show that T-PAD reduced the range-of-motion for the pelvic angles with increase of tether elasticity. However, it had mixed effects on the range-of-motion of the hip angles, but negligible effect on the knee and ankle joint angles. Overall, T-PAD shows potential as a low-cost pelvic support device with pelvic motion control capabilities, and can work in tandem with existing gait trainers.
Plastic Scintillator‐Based Microfluidic Devices for Miniaturized Detection of Positron Emission Tomography Radiopharmaceuticals (2018)

A miniaturized radio-HPLC detector has been developed comprising a microfluidic device fabricated from plastic scintillator in combination with a silicon photomultiplier light sensor, and tested with samples containing a positron-emitting radionuclide, [<sup>18</sup> F]fluoride. This cost-effective, small footprint analytical tool is ideal for incorporation into integrated quality control systems for the testing of positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals to good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards.
Plasmon-induced 0.13 T optomagnetic field in a gold coaxial nanoaperture (2021)

We theoretically investigate a resonant inverse Faraday effect within individual coaxial nanoapertures. Upon illumination with circularly polarized light, resonant gold coaxes are shown to develop an optomagnetic field that is controllable by the helicity of the light. This magnetic field is found to reach 0.13 T upon excitation at an intensity of 0.5 · 10 11 W.cm −2 that is typical from sub-ps light pulses. At an intensity of 2.4 · 10 8 W.cm −2 (consistent with the CW regime), we obtain a static magnetic field of about 1 mT, leading to a helicity-dependent magnetic force of 4.5 · 10 6 N onto a point-like magnetic dipole of unit moment. Given their submicron footprint, individual coaxial nanoapertures open new prospects towards ultrafast and polarization-controlled tunable magnetism on the nanoscale, thus potentially impacting a large panel of application and techniques including all optical magnetization switching, spin-wave excitation and optomagnetic tweezing of nano-objects.
Interrelationships Among Arenaviruses Measured by Indirect Immunofluorescence (1978)

An evaluation of reciprocal indirect immunofluorescent antibody titers for at least one representative of each known arenavirus serotype leads to the conclusion that the Old World aranaviruses are more closely related to each other than to other members of the group. These relationships are particularly evident in evaluations of human convalescent sera. New World arenaviruses cross-react strongly with each other in most instances but only weakly with with Old World arenaviruses.
Dosimeter properties of AlN (2013)

Optical, scintillation, and dosimeter properties of AlN ceramic were reported. AlN sample was SHAPAL, a commercial product of Tokuyama Corp. for mainly a heat sink application. From ultra violet to near infrared wavelengths, it showed 0.02–1% transmittance with visibly translucent appearance. In photoluminescence (PL), it exhibited mainly two emission bands around 340 and 550 nm with primary decay times of 0.92 and 0.24 ns, respectively. X-ray induced radioluminescence spectrum was investigated and 340 nm peak showed high emission intensity. As a dosimeter property, thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) was studied and glow peaks appeared at 80 and 320°C. The linearity between the irradiated dose and TSL intensity was studied and AlN ceramic exhibited a good linear response from 0.002 to 0.1 Gy.
Intermittent Pulse Amperometry as a Transduction Technique for the Multichannel/Multianalyte Flow-Through Immunosensors (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Proactive Engagement of the Expert Meeting in Managing the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Epidemic, Japan, February–June 2020 (2021)

To deal with the risk of emerging diseases with many unknowns, close and timely collaboration and communication between science experts and policymakers are crucial to developing and implementing an effective science-based intervention strategy. The Expert Meeting, an ad hoc medical advisory body, was established in February 2020 to advise Japan's COVID-19 Response Headquarters. The group played an important role in the policymaking process, promoting timely situation awareness and developing science-based proposals on interventions that were promptly reflected in government actions. However, this expert group may have been overly proactive in taking on the government's role in crisis management. For the next stage of managing the coronavirus disease pandemic and future pandemics, the respective roles of the government and its advisory bodies need to be clearly defined. Leadership and strategic risk communication by the government are key.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry and Conformation of a Nitrogen‐Containing, Medium‐Sized Ring: Hexahydro‐1‐phenyl‐3‐benzazonine Derivatives. High 1,4‐Diastereoselectivity in Hydrogenation of an Exocyclic Alkene. (1987)

Abstract Acylation of the tricyclic amine (I) with compound (II) yields the bicyclic carbamate (III) which is hydrogenated to give (IV) with &gt;95% stereoselectivity.
Improvement of Temperature and Flow in Feet of Subjects with Diabetes With Use of a Transdermal Preparation of l-Arginine (2004)

Circulatory impairment and its sequlae have long been known to be major complications of diabetes. It has been shown that in diabetes, the functionality of the endothelial nitric oxide (NO)/nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) system is impaired (1–3). NO is generated in the endothelium through the oxidation of the amino acid l-arginine by the enzyme eNOS. NO causes vascular smooth muscle to relax, resulting in increased blood flow. In addition to being a substrate of eNOS, l-arginine facilitates the dimerization of two identical subunits, forming a homodimer. The enzyme is only active in the dimeric form. Under proper conditions, dimerization occurs rapidly, on a timescale of minutes. Once formed, the dimer is stable (4).

Subjects with diabetes have abnormally low levels of l-arginine (5) and elevated levels of the eNOS inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADME) (6) in their plasma. Though the value of increasing l-arginine levels in cases of impaired circulation is …
A chemical kinetics perspective on thermoelectric transport (2021)

There is a growing community of chemists and materials scientists exploring thermoelectric properties of organic, polymeric, hybrid, and composite materials. Many of these materials are nondegenerate semiconductors, meaning that the Fermi and transport charge transport energy levels are significantly offset. Others are ionic conductors. While the meaning of the essential parameters, namely, electrical conductivity (σ) and Seebeck coefficient (S, the voltage difference per degree of temperature difference) are accessible, the origins of S are not readily apparent to one trained mainly in chemistry. The purpose of this manuscript is to illustrate S as being the result of a steady state difference between concentrations of two designations of charge carriers, those on hotter and those on colder sides of a material sample, analogous to the equilibrium among interconverting chemical species that differ in enthalpy and entropy. The ion-based Seebeck coefficient, also known as the Soret effect, can be explained using principles similar to those applicable to electrons and holes. We hope that this analysis leads to wider understanding of the origins of S through an explanation using the language of chemical kinetics and thermodynamics and appreciation of ways that thermoelectric efficiency can be enhanced in emerging materials.
Primal decomposition based decentralized weighted sum rate maximization with QoS constraints for interfering broadcast channel (2013)

We propose a decentralized beamforming design for weighted sum rate maximization with quality-of-service constraints based on primal decomposition of the corresponding centralized problem. The considered system consists of multiple coordinated multi-antenna base stations (BS) serving multiple users each with multiple receive antennas. The considered rate maximization problem is known to be NP-hard and as such intractable in practice. The problem is separated into downlink receive beamformer and transmit precoder design problems. The transmit precoder design problem is further decoupled between the interfering base stations by primal decomposition with respect to the caused inter-cell interference per BS. Particular emphasis is given to signaling requirements and rate of convergence.
Differentiation of CC vs CXC Chemokine Dimers with GAG Octasaccharide Binding Partners: An Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Approach (2013)

Chemokines, 8 kDa proteins implicated in leukocyte migration via oligomerization, bind to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) during the inflammation response as a means to regulate chemokine migration. Structural characterization of chemokines non-covalently bound to GAGs provides physiologically meaningful data in regard to routine inmmunosurveillance and disease response. In order to analyze the structures resulting from the GAG:chemokine interaction, we employed ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) to analyze monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a CC chemokine, and interleukin-8 (IL-8), a CXC chemokine, along with their individual interactions with GAG heparin octasaccharides. We show that MCP-1 and IL-8 are physiologically present as a dimer, with MCP-1 having two variants of its dimeric form and IL-8 having only one. We also show that the MCP-1 dimer adopts two conformations, one extended and one compact, when bound to a dodecasulfated heparin octasaccharide. Binding of MCP-1 to heparin octasaccharide isomers of varying sulfation patterns results in similar arrival time distribution values, which suggests minimal distinguishing features among the resultant complexes. Additionally, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) showed that the binding of MCP-1 to a heparin octasaccharide has different dissociation patterns when compared with the corresponding IL-8 bound dimer. Overall, IMMS and MS/MS were used to better define the structural tendencies and differences associated with CC and CXC dimers when associated with GAG octasaccharides.
Injectable microparticle–gel system for prolonged and localized lidocaine release. II. in vivo anesthetic effects (2004)

Current treatment protocols for postoperative pain are beset by either the short duration of the anesthetic effect or requirement of hospitalization of the patients. We reported herein a novel treatment by applying to the surgical site a biodegradable microparticle-gel system for prolonged and localized release of encapsulated anesthetic drugs. In a previous publication, lidocaine-loaded poly(D,L-lactic acid) microspheres were fabricated and their formulations were optimized. In vitro characterization of these lidocaine-loaded microspheres, however, revealed a shortcoming of this system; that is, microspheres tend to fuse physically. Fusion of the microspheres could hinder their clinical applications, as it would clog the needle. In this article, we demonstrated that fabricating microspheres with high molecular weight (approximately 60 KDa) poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) would increase the glass transition temperature of the microspheres after lidocaine loading, thereby increasing their mechanical stability and eliminating their fusion during storage. Such microspheres containing 31% (w/w) lidocaine in the presence or absence of 25% (w/v) poloxamer 407 gel were then evaluated in vivo by monitoring the sensory and motor functions of the rats after sciatic nerve block, using the previously established hot-plate and weight-bearing testing methods. Results showed that microspheres formulated with poloxamer 407 gel yielded the longest duration of sensory and motor block for a period of approximately 8.5 h, compared to 5 h by microspheres in saline, 5 h by lidocaine in poloxamer 407 gel, and 2 h by lidocaine in saline. This study suggests that the microsphere-gel system containing lidocaine could potentially be applied clinically to the treatment of postoperative pain.
A humanoid robot pushing model inspired by human motion (2012)

This thesis explores an observed method used by humans when pushing a large object of unknown mass. Body motion and reaction forces are analyzed for feet-apart pushing with varying stance length. It is found that, via articulation of the waist, a human will push their static zero-moment point (ZMP) as far forward as possible prior to pushing. Along with an extended back leg, this provides a larger support region in which the ZMP can move before stability is lost. Using this motion, the subject can produce a larger force than if the waist is constrained. Further, in this stance the subject is stable without object contact and can exert a range of forces by controlling mass distribution at the feet. For this increases in force exertion and stability, a linearized double inverted pendulum model with a feet-apart stance is proposed for use in the humanoid robot pushing of an unknown mass. Using the human pushing data and our humanoid, HUBO+, the advantage of this model and the added degree of freedom is shown against the commonly used single inverted pendulum model for humanoid robot pushing.
Improving rich internet application development using patterns (2013)

With changes of customer requirements, web development, especially developing Rich Internet Applications (RIA) with complex widgets and data-driven behavior can be a time-consuming task. In our previous work [3], we have presented a test-driven web development approach using ClearScript test cases as requirements to automatically generate widgets, and thus reduce the barrier of web development and testing. We extend on this work, and develop a machine learning based algorithm to identify RIA patterns [1] from requirements specified as test cases, and automatically instantiate them using simple rules. We also present performance of our algorithm and a user study which demonstrates the viability of our approach.
Effect of Nanofiller Loading on Cure Efficiency and Potential Color Change of Model Composites (2016)

The increase in filler particle loading negatively affected monomer conversion and color stability of resin-based composites. As reduced filler loading results in poorer mechanical properties, to enhance color stability, resin-based composites should be formulated by making the refractive index of the polymeric matrix more closely match that of the filler throughout the polymerization process. (J Esthet Restor Dent, 2016).
Syngas Purification by Porous Amino-Functionalized Titanium Terephthalate MIL-125 (2015)

The adsorption equilibrium of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4), and hydrogen (H2) was studied at 303, 323, and 343 K and pressures up to 7 bar in titanium-based metal–organic framework (MOF) granulates, amino-functionalized titanium terephthalate MIL-125(Ti)_NH2. The affinity of the different adsorbates toward the adsorbent presented the following order: CO2 > CH4 > CO > N2 > H2, from the most adsorbed to the least adsorbed component. Subsequently, adsorption kinetics and multicomponent adsorption equilibrium were studied by means of single, binary, and ternary breakthrough curves at 323 K and 4.5 bar with different feed mixtures. Both studies are complementary and aim the syngas purification for two different applications, hydrogen production and H2/CO composition adjustment, to be used as feed in the Fischer–Tropsch processes. The isosteric heats were calculated from the adsorption equilibrium isotherms and are 21.9 kJ mol–1 for CO2, 14.6 kJ mol–1 for CH4, 13.4 kJ mol–1 for CO, and 11.7 kJ mol–1 for N2. In the overall pressure and temperature range, the adsorption equilibrium isotherms were well-regressed against the Langmuir model. The multicomponent breakthrough experimental results allowed for validation of the adsorption equilibrium predicted by the multicomponent extension of the Langmuir isotherm and validation of the fixed-bed mathematical model. To conclude, two pressure swing adsorption (PSA) cycles were designed and performed experimentally, one for hydrogen purification from a 30/70% CO2/H2 mixture (hydrogen purity was 100% with a recovery of 23.5%) and a second PSA cycle to obtain a light product with a H2/CO ratio between 2.2 and 2.4 to feed to Fischer–Tropsch processes. The experimental cycle produced a light stream with a H2/CO ratio of 2.3 and a CO2-enriched stream with 86.6% purity as a heavy product. The CO2 recovery was 93.5%.
Balancing Actuation and Computing Energy in Motion Planning (2020)

We study a novel class of motion planning problems, inspired by emerging low-energy robotic vehicles, such as insect-size flyers, chip-size satellites, and high-endurance autonomous blimps, for which the energy consumed by computing hardware during planning a path can be as large as the energy consumed by actuation hardware during the execution of the same path. We propose a new algorithm, called Compute Energy Included Motion Planning (CEIMP). CEIMP operates similarly to any other anytime planning algorithm, except it stops when it estimates further computing will require more computing energy than potential savings in actuation energy. We show that CEIMP has the same asymptotic computational complexity as existing sampling-based motion planning algorithms, such as PRM*. We also show that CEIMP outperforms the average baseline of using maximum computing resources in realistic computational experiments involving 10 floor plans from MIT buildings. In one representative experiment, CEIMP outperforms the average baseline 90.6% of the time when energy to compute one more second is equal to the energy to move one more meter, and 99.7% of the time when energy to compute one more second is equal to or greater than the energy to move 3 more meters.
Endoplasmic stress‐inducing variants in CPB1 and CPA1 and risk of pancreatic cancer: A case‐control study and meta‐analysis (2021)

Gene variants that encode pancreatic enzymes with impaired secretion can induce pancreatic acinar endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cellular injury and pancreatitis. The role of such variants in pancreatic cancer risk has received little attention. We compared the prevalence of ER stress-inducing variants in CPA1 and CPB1 in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC cases), enrolled in the National Familial Pancreas Tumor Registry, to their prevalence in noncancer controls in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Variants of unknown significance were expressed and variants with reduced secretion assessed for ER stress induction. In vitro assessments were compared with software predictions of variant function. Protein variant software was used to assess variants found in only one gnomAD control ("n-of-one" variants). A meta-analysis of prior PDAC case/control studies was also performed. Of the 1385 patients with PDAC, 0.65% were found to harbor an ER stress-inducing variant in CPA1 or CPB1, compared to 0.17% of the 64 026 controls (odds ratio [OR]: 3.80 [1.92-7.51], P = .0001). ER stress-inducing variants in the CPA1 gene were identified in 4 of 1385 PDAC cases vs 77 of 64 026 gnomAD controls (OR: 2.4 [0.88-6.58], P = .087), and variants in CPB1 were detected in 5 of 1385 cases vs 33 of 64 026 controls (OR: 7.02 [2.74-18.01], P = .0001). Meta-analysis demonstrated strong associations for pancreatic cancer and ER-stress inducing variants for both CPA1 (OR: 3.65 [1.58-8.39], P < .023) and CPB1 (OR: 9.51 [3.46-26.15], P < .001). Rare variants in CPB1 and CPA1 that induce ER stress are associated with increased odds of developing pancreatic cancer.
Imaging and Printing in a Web 2.0 World II (2011)

vii Conference Committee SESSION 1 WEB PRINTING AND PUBLISHING I 7879 02 Web-based magazine design for self publishers [7879-01] A. Hunter, D. Slatter, D. Greig, Hewlett Packard Labs. (United Kingdom) 7879 03 Improve artwork designs through data ranking system [7879-02] W. Wang, R. Muzzolini, Shutterfly, Inc. (United States) 7879 04 DOM-based print-link detection for web article extraction [7879-03] S. Liu, S.-H. Lim, J. Liu, Hewlett-Packard Co. (United States) SESSION 2 WEB PRINTING AND PUBLISHING II 7879 06 A web-based troubleshooting tool to help customers self-solve color issues with a digital printing workflow [7879-05] H. J. Santos-Villalobos, Purdue Univ. (United States); V. Loewen, Hewlett-Packard Co. (United States); M. Lehto, J. Allebach, Purdue Univ. (United States) 7879 07 Language-based color editing for mobile device [7879-06] Y. Zhao, R. Bala, K. M. Braun, Z. Langford, R. J. Rolleston, M. T. Stevens, Xerox Corp. (United States) 7879 08 Personalized imaging: moving closer to reality [7879-07] H. Ding, Purdue Univ. (United States); R. Bala, Z. Fan, Xerox Corp. (United States); C. A. Bouman, J. P. Allebach, Purdue Univ. (United States) SESSION 3 WEB DESIGN AND LAYOUT ANALYSIS 7879 09 Document similarity measures and document browsing [7879-08] I. Ahmadullin, Purdue Univ. (United States); J. Fan, N. Damera-Venkata, S. H. Lim, Q. Lin, J. Liu, S. Liu, E. O'Brien-Strain, Hewlett-Packard Labs. (United States); J. Allebach, Purdue Univ. (United States) 7879 0A Adaptive removal of background and white space from document images using seam categorization [7879-09] C. Fillion, Z. Fan, Xerox Corp. (United States); V. Monga, The Pennsylvania State Univ. (United States)