gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic Flow Control and Gate Modulation of Hybrid Phonon-Polaritons (2019)

Light-matter interaction in two-dimensional photonic or phononic materials allows for the confinement and manipulation of free-space radiation at sub-wavelength scales. Most notably, the van der Waals heterostructure composed of graphene (G) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) provides for gate-tunable hybrid hyperbolic plasmon phonon-polaritons (HP<sup>3</sup>). Here, we present the anisotropic flow control and gate-voltage modulation of HP<sup>3</sup> modes in G-hBN on an air-Au microstructured substrate. Using broadband infrared synchrotron radiation coupled to a scattering-type near-field optical microscope, we launch HP<sup>3</sup> waves in both hBN Reststrahlen bands and observe directional propagation across in-plane heterointerfaces created at the air-Au junction. The HP<sup>3</sup> hybridization is modulated by varying the gate voltage between graphene and Au. This modifies the coupling of continuum graphene plasmons with the discrete hBN hyperbolic phonon polaritons, which is described by an extended Fano model. This work represents the first demonstration of the control of polariton propagation, introducing a theoretical approach to describe the breaking of the reflection and transmission symmetry for HP<sup>3</sup> modes. Our findings augment the degree of control of polaritons in G-hBN and related hyperbolic metamaterial nanostructures, bringing new opportunities for on-chip nano-optics communication and computing.
Measurement of Viscosity of Confined Polymer Melt Using Capillary Kinetics (2006)

We present a simple method to measure viscosity of thin polymer melt that is confined between a substrate and a permeable plate using a modified Poiseuille equation. When a patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold is placed on a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymer film spin-coated onto a substrate and heated above the polymer's glass transition temperature, capillarity forces the polymer melt into the void of the channel. To calculate the viscosity of the confined polymer melt, the height of capillary rise was measured as a function of time for a number of film thicknesses (220, 350, 540, 1000, and 1300 nm) and at two different temperatures (70 and 100°C). It was found that the viscosity increases with decreasing film thickness at 70°C, whereas it decreases with decreasing film thickness at 100°C. This discrepancy might be related to the confinement-induced solid-like behavior of the polymer melt and wall slip at the polymer/solid interface. Furthermore, the viscosity turned out to be nearly equal to the bulk value for relatively large film thickness (> ∼ 500 nm) regardless of the temperature, which corresponds to earlier findings.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF FRAGMENTED DERIVATIVES OF TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINES (1975)

Abstract Aus den Aldehyden (I) erhält man mit Äthylamin (II) die Imine (III), die mit Benzylmagnesiumbromid zu den Aminen (IV) kondensiert werden.
55.1: Invited Paper : Organic Vapor Jet MicroPrinting of OLED Displays and Lighting Panels (2013)

Peer Reviewed
Spatially varying longitudinal aliasing and resolution in spiral computed tomography (1999)

Spiral computed tomography (CT) has revolutionized conventional CT as a truly three-dimensional imaging modality. A number of studies aimed at evaluating the longitudinal resolution in spiral CT have been presented, but the spatially varying nature of the longitudinal resolution in spiral CT has been largely left undiscussed. In this paper, we investigate the longitudinal resolution in spiral CT as affected by the spatially varying longitudinal aliasing. We propose the treatment of aliasing as a signal dependent, additive noise, and define a new image quality parameter, the contrast-to-aliased-noise ratio (CNaR), that relates to possible image degradation or loss of resolution caused by aliasing. We performed CT simulations and actual phantom scans using a resolution phantom consisting of sequences of spherical beads of different diameters, extending along the longitudinal axis. Our results show that the off-isocenter longitudinal resolution differs significantly from the longitudinal resolution at the isocenter and that the CNaR decreases with distance from the isocenter, and is a function of pitch and the helical interpolation algorithm used. The longitudinal resolution was observed to worsen with decreasing CNaR. We conclude that the longitudinal resolution in spiral CT is spatially varying, and can be characterized by the CNaR measured at the transaxial location of interest.
Analog processing to enable scalable high-throughput mm-Wave wireless fiber systems (2016)

This work explores challenges in silicon integration of scalable high-throughput “Wireless Fiber” links that exploit the increase in spatial and spectral degrees of freedom at higher carrier frequencies due to LOS MIMO spatial multiplexing and higher bandwidths. In order to utilize these increased degrees of freedom, however, hardware must scale in dynamic range, speed and number of antenna elements. To this end, we examine tradeoffs in the partitioning of functionality between the transmitter and receiver, as well as between the analog and digital domains, and investigate a new scalable analog processing architecture for the receiver.
High-Pressure Pulsatile Lavage Irrigation of Fresh Intraarticular Fractures: Effectiveness at Removing Particulate Matter From Bone (2002)

HPL and BS irrigation appear equally effective in removing particulate matter from metaphyseal cancellous bone in an intraarticular fracture model. Furthermore, HPL does not appear to drive particulate matter farther into metaphyseal cancellous bone than BS irrigation.
Dynamic characteristic of golf ball material at impact (2000)

Golfballs are made of various visco-elastic materials as polybutadiene rubber, synthetic rubber, ionomer resin and elastomer, etc. Visco-elastic spectrometer is useful to evaluate the visco-elastic properties of polymer materials. However, visco-elastic spectrometer can not evaluate the properties of golf ball materials at impact, because a golfball at impact has too large deformation and too high strain rate for visco-elastic spectrometer. On the other hand, the split Hopkinson pressure bar is used to evaluate impact properties. However, this split Hopkinson pressure bar is for metal, this is not suitable for evaluation of the properties of polymer materials at impact. This cause is interference of propagated wave and noise. Dr. Nakagawa et al. modified the split Hopkinson pressure bar in order to be suitable for polymer materials. Author evaluated the properties of golf ball materials at impact based on the concept of the sprit Hopkinson pressure bar modified by Dr. Nakagawa.
Biosynthesis of monoterpenes. Enantioselectivity in the enzymatic cyclization of linalyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol. (1985)

The conversion of geranyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol is considered to proceed by the initial isomerization of the substrate to (-)-(3R)-linalyl pyrophosphate and the subsequent cyclization of this bound intermediate. To test this stereochemical scheme, phosphatase-free preparations of (-)-endo-fenchol cyclase from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare M.) fruit were repeatedly incubated with a sample of (3RS)-[1-3H2]linalyl pyrophosphate until approximately 50% of this precursor was converted to the bicyclic monoterpenol end product. The residual linalyl pyrophosphate was isolated and enzymatically hydrolyzed to the free alcohol, linalool, which was resolved by chiral phase capillary gas-liquid chromatography of the derived threo and erythro mixture of 1,2-epoxides. The predominance of the (3S)-enantiomer in the residual substrate indicated that the (3R)-enantiomer was preferred for the cyclization to (-)-(1S)-endo-fenchol. This conclusion was subsequently confirmed by the preparation and direct testing of (3R)-1Z-[1-3H] linalyl pyrophosphate, which afforded a Km value lower than that observed for geranyl pyrophosphate and a relative velocity nearly three times higher. (3S)-1Z-[1-3H]Linalyl pyrophosphate was not an effective substrate for (-)-endo-fenchol biosynthesis but did, by an anomalous cyclization, give rise to low levels of the enantiomeric (+)-(1R)-endo-fenchol as well as to other products. These results support the proposed stereochemical model and also suggest that the isomerization step is rate limiting in the coupled isomerization-cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol.
Mechanically Tunable Curcumin Incorporated Polyurethane Hydrogels as Potential Biomaterials (2016)

We report here on the one-pot synthesis and characterization of curcumin incorporated polyethylene glycol–polyurethane (PU-CUR) hydrogels using PEG-4000, 4, 4′-methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate), curcumin in the presence of a cross-linker, 1,2,6 hexanetriol (HT). Besides the physical entrapment, curcumin also provides a partial cross-linking in the 3-D structure of the hydrogel. The degree of swelling in hydrogels could be controlled by varying the amount of HT as well as curcumin. The structural characterization of hydrogels was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, UV and fluorescence spectroscopy. The wide-angle X-ray scattering studies revealed the existence of crystalline domains of PEG, and the small-angle X-ray scattering studies showed the presence of lamellar microstructures. Porous structure in the hydrogel was created by cryogenic treatment and lyophilization. Scanning electron microscopy and microcomputed tomography imaging of hydrogels showed the presence of interconnected pores. The mechanical strength of the hydrogels was measured using a universal testing machine. The observed tensile and breaking compression strengths for the equilibrium swollen gels were found to be in the range of 0.22–0.73 MPa and 1.65–4.6 MPa, respectively. Detailed in vitro biological experiments showed the biocompatibility of gels, cytostatic dosage of curcumin, selective toxicity toward cancer cell lines, and antibacterial property. These gels show promising applications as scaffolds and implants in tissue engineering.
Development of White Matter Fiber Covariance Networks Supports Executive Function in Youth (2023)

The white matter architecture of the human brain undergoes substantial development throughout childhood and adolescence, allowing for more efficient signaling between brain regions that support executive function. Increasingly, the field understands grey matter development as a spatially and temporally coordinated mechanism that follows hierarchically organized gradients of change. While white matter development also appears asynchronous, previous studies have largely relied on anatomical atlases to characterize white matter tracts, precluding a direct assessment of how white matter structure is spatially and temporally coordinated. Here, we leveraged advances in diffusion modeling and unsupervised machine learning to delineate white matter fiber covariance networks comprised of structurally similar areas of white matter in a cross-sectional sample of 939 youth aged 8-22 years. We then evaluated associations between fiber covariance network structural properties with both age and executive function using generalized additive models. The identified fiber covariance networks aligned with the known architecture of white matter while simultaneously capturing novel spatial patterns of coordinated maturation. Fiber covariance networks showed heterochronous increases in fiber density and cross section that generally followed hierarchically organized temporal patterns of cortical development, with the greatest increases in unimodal sensorimotor networks and the most prolonged increases in superior and anterior transmodal networks. Notably, we found that executive function was associated with structural features of limbic and association networks. Taken together, this study delineates data-driven patterns of white matter network development that support cognition and align with major axes of brain maturation.
IGBT selection method for the design of resonant inverters for domestic induction heating (2009)

The power transistor (IGBT) is one of the most important components of the inverter of domestic induction cookers. For this application the maximum junction temperature (T jmax ) of the IGBT is one of the most critical design parameters because the cooker has to decrease the output power when the junction temperature is near to T jmax of the device. The junction temperature (T j ) of the IGBT principally depends on the power losses. This paper proposes a method to choose the IGBT based on the calculation of the temperature variation ΔT ja from the power losses. Nowadays, IGBT behaviour is a trade-off between conduction and switching performance, so it is necessary to measure the IGBT power losses separately. This paper proposes a method to measure the power losses separately based on electrical measurement and the IGBT conduction characteristics. Moreover it is proposed a criterion to determinate the limits of the power losses based on eliminate the offset of device voltage and the switching area is defined from the voltage is over 2.5 V to the current is zero. Finally, the proposed method has been applied to five different IGBTs for different levels of power and with two standard pans with an electronic board of a commercial cooker Moreover this method has been verified with a thermografic camera obtaining similar results.
Demand-Aware Small-World Networks on Clustered Demands (2021)

Small-world networks are attractive for the efficient routing they provide, requiring only a low link density. They have hence also been considered for the design of distributed systems, such as peer-to-peer networks. However, existing small-world network designs are oblivious to the actual traffic they serve. In this paper, we initiate the study of demand-aware small-world networks. In particular, we extend the Kleinberg graph model, by allowing the nodes to choose the distribution of long-range links according to the traffic demand. We present a formal analysis of the weighted route lengths for the important case of clustered demands. We show both in theory and in simulations, using real-world traffic workloads, that demand-aware small-world graphs can significantly outperform their demand-oblivious counterparts.
Variable angle of incidence analysis of magneto-optic multilayers (1990)

We have applied the technique of variable angle of incidence spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) to the analysis of multilayered magneto-optic structures. With this instrument we measure the complete pseudodielectric tensor (diagonal and off-diagonal elements) for the sample of interest at variable angles of incidence. We have also developed computer software to perform a best-fit analysis of the measured data, providing optical constants, Voigt parameters, and layer thicknesses for the individual layers in the sample. Additionally, given an estimate of the material parameters, this software will provide an estimate of the optimum spectral range and angles of incidence for accurate characterization of the sample. An example of the above is given for a series of thicknesses of Dy/Co compositionally modulated multilayers deposited on a thick silver layer and subsequently overcoated with a thick layer of SiO. Results confirm the predicted optimum range of accuracy for this material system and effectively delineate the useful spectral range of this technique.
Computational Study of Air Cooled Data Centers Assisted With Locally Distributed Water to Air Heat Exchangers (2013)

The heat dissipated by data center equipment continues to increase due to the growing server power year by year. Thermal management continually becomes a challenging problem both from the standpoint of maintaining the equipment within a proper and reliable operation environment, as well as from a total energy cost perspective. With the total heat load increasing, as well as local high density heat fluxes, more cooling air flow rates may be needed by the racks which cannot be sufficiently provided by CRAC units. This may occur during peak periods of operation and may also occur in isolated aisles in the data center. Under such circumstances, just changing the air flow rates to specific aisles may cause unanticipated hot air recirculation into cold aisles which may happen during the transients that arise as the load and air flow rates are changing; henceforth, it may even occur in steady state. This could reduce the reliability of the data center equipment. A hybrid cooling strategy, which uses water to air heat exchangers located at the rear of specific racks to assist the air cooling, can be very effective in solving this problem by removing heat from the rack before it is exhausted into the room. This study describes the impact of this heat exchanger strategy on the thermal management of a data center. In this analytical study, the heat removal percentage and working efficiency of the heat exchanger are presented under different water flowrates and water inlet temperatures. Different case studies are conducted, showing that this method can significantly assist the data center air cooling under scenarios such as, power increases or CRAC unit failure. Detailed function of the heat exchanger on impacting the rack inlet temperatures are also discussed in this paper.
Novel Apoptosis-Inducingtrans-Platinum Piperidine Derivatives:  Synthesis and Biological Characterization (2002)

The synthesis, chemical characterization, and interaction with cells of new sterically hindered trans- and cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II) complexes are described. The amine ligands include monofunctional piperidine (pip) and piperazine (pz). The poor solubility of trans-diaminedichloroplatinum complexes was overcome by introducing the positively charged pz ligand, which allows retaining of the classic platinum coordination sphere. In vitro evaluation in OV-1063 and C-26 tumor cells revealed that replacing one NH3 of the inactive transplatin by an aromatic planar ligand (4-picoline, 4-pic) or by an aliphatic nonplanar heterocyclic ligand (pip) or replacing both NH3 groups with a 4-pic ligand and a pip or pz ligand significantly increases the cytotoxic activity of these complexes. The unsymmetric complexes trans-[PtCl2(4-pic)(pip)] and trans-[PtCl2(4-pic)(pz)]HCl were the most cytotoxic compounds against the cisplatin-sensitive tumor cell line C-26 (IC50 = 4.5 and 5.5 microM, respectively) and the cisplatin-sensitive tumor cell line OV-1063 (IC50 = 6.5 and 7.4 microM, respectively). In contrast, replacing one NH3 of the cis isomer by an aromatic planar ligand (4-pic) or by an aliphatic amine lowered their cytotoxiciy in comparison to cisplatin. Cell penetration and Pt-DNA adduct formation were also evaluated, and it was clearly shown that both trans-[PtCl2(4-pic)(pip)] and trans-[PtCl2(4-pic)(pz)]HCl penetrate efficiently the cellular membrane of the tumor cells and platinate the cellular DNA. When comparing cellular DNA platination, positively charged trans-[PtCl2(4-pic)(pz)]HCl was 7-fold higher than both cisplatin and its neutral analogue trans-[PtCl2(4-pic)(pip)]. Moreover, in contrast to cisplatin, in the cell lines used, cell death caused by both complexes appeared to be apoptotic according to several criteria including early phosphatidylserine exposure, activation of caspases, and characteristic morphological changes. Our results suggest that these novel mixed nonclassical trans-Pt(II) complexes are biologically and mechanistically distinct from known Pt complexes and deserve evaluation of their efficacy in tumor-bearing animals.
Initial rotor position estimation of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine using carrier-frequency injection methods (2003)

This paper presents a method using carrier frequency injection to estimate the initial rotor position and magnet polarity for an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine. A non-saturating inductance model of the machine provides no information about the polarity of the rotor magnet because the position observer based on this model is locally stable at both poles. To distinguish the polarity of the rotor magnet, the magnetic saturation effect can be used. A 2/sup nd/ order Taylor series can be used to describe the nonlinear magnetic saturation relationship between the current and the flux linkage in the d-axis rotor reference frame. The 2/sup nd/ order term produces the 2/sup nd/ harmonic component of the carrier frequency, and the sign of its coefficient identifies the polarity of the rotor magnet being tracked. Both simulation and experimental results show good response of the position observer at rotor electrical positions of /spl plusmn/0.5/spl pi/ rad using either a rotating vector in the stationary reference frame or a pulsating vector in the estimated rotor reference frame.
Amplitude dependence of dislocation damping in high-purity copper after quenching and during 1-MeV electron irradiation (1979)

Dislocation damping as a function of strain amplitude following quenching and during 1-MeV electron irradiation was investigated by measuring Young’s modulus and the logarithmic decrement in high-purity polycrystalline copper. A ’’peaking effect,’’ an initial increase and subsequent decrease in the damping, was observed at all strain amplitudes during electron irradiation. A somewhat subdued peaking effect was observed only at high strain amplitudes following quenching.
Multiplex Network Structure Enhances the Role of Generalized Reciprocity in Promoting Cooperation (2018)

In multi-agent systems, cooperative behavior is largely determined by the network structure which dictates the interactions among neighboring agents. These interactions often exhibit multidimensional features, either as relationships of different types or temporal dynamics, both of which may be modeled as a "multiplex" network. Against this background, here we advance the research on cooperation models inspired by generalized reciprocity, a simple pay-it-forward behavioral mechanism, by considering a multidimensional networked society. Our results reveal that a multiplex network structure can act as an enhancer of the role of generalized reciprocity in promoting cooperation by acting as a latent support, even when the parameters in some of the separate network dimensions suggest otherwise (i.e. favor defection). As a result, generalized reciprocity forces the cooperative contributions of the individual agents to concentrate in the dimension which is most favorable for the existence of cooperation.
Cross-Linked Starch Capsules Containing dsDNA Prepared in Inverse Miniemulsion as “Nanoreactors” for Polymerase Chain Reaction (2010)

Cross-linked potato starch nanocapsules with encapsulated dsDNA (with a defined number of base pairs, i.e., 286, 476, and 790 bp) were synthesized using the miniemulsion technique. The inverse (water-in-oil) miniemulsion system was applied to create stable aqueous nanodroplets of dissolved starch in cyclohexane as a continuous phase. The amphiphilic block copolymer poly[(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-(ethylene oxide)] was used as a surfactant to stabilize the droplets. After addition of the cross-linker, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), the polyaddition reaction took place at the droplet's interface, resulting in the formation of a polymeric cross-linked shell. The influence of starch, surfactant, and the amount of cross-linker on the average size, size distribution, and morphology of the capsules was studied by dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify the chemical composition of the capsule shell. The permeability of the shell was studied on the fluorescent dye (i.e., sulforhodamine 101) containing capsules using fluorescence spectroscopy. High thermal stability of the cross-linked capsules allows one to perform the polymerase chain reaction inside the core. The encapsulation of dsDNA and the efficiency of the PCR were confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy after staining with the DNA-selective dye (SYBRGreen).