gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search for dilepton signatures from minimal low-energy supergravity inpp¯collisions ats=1.8TeV (2001)

We report on a search for supersymmetry using the D\O{} detector. The 1994--1996 data sample of $\sqrt{s}=1.8$ TeV $p\overline{p}$ collisions was analyzed for events containing two leptons $(e$ or $\ensuremath{\mu}),$ two or more jets, and missing transverse energy. Assuming the minimal supergravity model, with ${A}_{0}=0$ and $\ensuremath{\mu}&lt;0,$ various thresholds were employed to optimize the search. No events were found beyond expectation from the background. We set a lower limit at the 95% C.L. of 255 $\mathrm{GeV}{/c}^{2}$ for equal mass squarks and gluinos for $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}=2,$ and present exclusion contours in the ${(m}_{0}{,m}_{1/2})$ plane for $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}=2$--6.
Hybrid guided modes in biaxial planar waveguides (1996)

The mode classes and the propagation constants are determined for hybrid guided modes in biaxial slab waveguides of arbitrary orientation. The properties of the biaxial media are presented in a coordinate-free manner; therefore, any orientation of the biaxial cover, film, and substrate media relative to the waveguide can be analyzed. With this rigorous electromagnetic analysis technique the following information of propagating modes in these structures can be obtained: the mode class (TE, TM, or hybrid) can be identified; the propagation constants can be calculated as a function of the orientation of the cover, film, and substrate regions; and each mode can be uniquely labeled based on decoupled orientations of the waveguide.
<p>Effect of Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution on Airflow-Induced Ocular Surface Disorder in Diabetic Rats</p> (2020)

These results suggest that DQS improves corneal epithelial damage by stimulating tear secretion without influencing corneal sensation in diabetic keratopathy. Thus, DQS may have potential for treatment of diabetic patients with dry eye.
Brain mechanisms in motor control during reaching movements: Transition of functional connectivity according to movement states (2020)

Understanding how the brain controls movements is a critical issue in neuroscience. The role of brain changes rapidly according to movement states. To elucidate the motor control mechanism of brain, it is essential to investigate the changes in brain network in motor-related regions according to movement states. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the brain network transitions according to movement states. We measured whole brain magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals and extracted source signals in 24 motor-related areas. Functional connectivity and centralities were calculated according to time flow. Our results showed that brain networks differed between states of motor planning and movement. Connectivities between most motor-related areas were increased in the motor-planning state. In contrast, only connectivities with cerebellum and basal ganglia were increased while those of other motor-related areas were decreased during movement. Our results indicate that most processes involved in motor control are completed before movement. Further, brain developed network related to feedback rather than motor decision during movements. Our findings also suggest that neural signals during motor planning might be more predictive than neural signals during movement. They facilitate accurate prediction of movement for brain-machine interfaces and provide insight into brain mechanisms in motor control.
Design Space Exploration of Typical STT MTJ Stacks in Memory Arrays in the Presence of Variability and Disturbances (2011)

High leakage power in sub-100-nm memory technology nodes drives the need for nonvolatile memory devices to reduce power consumption and enhance battery life. Spin-transfer torque magnetic tunneling junction (STT-MTJ) is a promising nonvolatile memory device with comparable read and write performances as SRAM and eDRAM with almost zero standby power. In this paper, we present a simulation framework that can solve transport [using nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism] and magnet dynamics [using Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation] self-consistently to study the read and write performances of STT-MTJ. Due to process variations, thermal disturbances, and stray fields, the performance of STT-MTJ degrades and results in one transistor-one STT-MTJ (IT-ISTTMTJ) memory failures. A thorough memory design space investigation can help us to reduce such failures. Hence, we present a design space exploration framework for IT-ISTTMTJ memory, which consists of magnetic materials with different R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AP</sub> A products, different genres of MTJ stacks, and a transistor. A comprehensive study based on critical memory performance metrics such as tunneling magnetoresistance, J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> , and write cycle shows the relative merits and demerits of each MTJ stack for embedded memory applications. Finally, the benefits of synthetic antiferromagnet free layer in providing immunity against stray fields are shown illustrating the need for coupled free-layer stacks in scaled technology nodes.
Membrane imaging by simultaneous second-harmonic generation and two-photon microscopy (2000)

We demonstrate that simultaneous second-harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon-excited fluorescence (TPEF) can be used to rapidly image biological membranes labeled with a styryl dye. The SHG power is made compatible with the TPEF power by use of near-resonance excitation, in accord with a model based on the theory of phased-array antennas, which shows that the SHG radiation is highly structured. Because of its sensitivity to local asymmetry, SHG microscopy promises to be a powerful tool for the study of membrane dynamics.
Micromachined thermal multimorph actuators fabricated by multi-users MEMS process (2003)

Micromachined thermal multimorph actuators for out-of-plane displacements have been designed and fabricated by multi-users MEMS process (MUMPS) with a post-processing bulk etching step. Micromachined actuators have potential applications in microtransducers such as scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tips, optical scanners, micromirrors and microrobots. The actuator consists of a multilayer micromachined beam constructed of various combinations of polysilicon, oxide and metal layers. Embedded polysilicon wire is used to heat the multimorph to achieve tip deflection. The tip displacement is a function of the actuator design parameters, such as beam material composition, layer thickness and beam length. The maximum tip deflection of 2.5 /spl mu/m with an input power of 40 mW is achieved. The maximum operating frequency of 2.7 kHz is measured by focus laser reflecting method. A design methodology, device fabrication, and device characterization are presented.
A Comparison of Correlation and Zero-Crossing Based Techniques in Ultrasonic Measurement (2014)

Ultrasound measurement technology has advancedin previous decades due to positive developments in computing power and lower cost for the necessary hardware. Correlation-based processing can be advantageous for high-accuracy measurements, especially in noisy environments. Higher computational load makes correlation less attractive for industrialapplications, though, favouring traditional processing techniques. A platform for comparing various processing techniques hasbeen developed. It was found that both zero-crossing detectionas well as correlation can achieve very high accuracy over a hightemperature range but that correlation-based processing can lead to a significant precision bias depending on system bandwidth.
Necro-inflammatory activity grading in chronic viral hepatitis with three-dimensional multifrequency MR elastography (2021)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of multifrequency MR elastography for grading necro-inflammation in the liver. Fifty participants with chronic hepatitis B or C were recruited for this institutional review board-approved study. Their liver was examined with multifrequency MR elastography. The storage, shear and loss moduli, and the damping ratio were measured at 56 Hz. The multifrequency wave dispersion coefficient of the shear modulus was calculated. The measurements were compared to reference markers of necro-inflammation and fibrosis with Spearman correlations and multiple regression analysis. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed. At multiple regression analysis, necro-inflammation was the only determinant of the multifrequency dispersion coefficient, whereas fibrosis was the only determinant of the storage, loss and shear moduli. The multifrequency dispersion coefficient had the largest AUC for necro-inflammatory activity A ≥ 2 [0.84 (0.71–0.93) vs. storage modulus AUC: 0.65 (0.50–0.79), p = 0.03], whereas the storage modulus had the largest AUC for fibrosis F ≥ 2 [AUC (95% confidence intervals) 0.91 (0.79–0.98)] and cirrhosis F4 [0.97 (0.88–1.00)]. The measurement of the multifrequency dispersion coefficient at three-dimensional MR elastography has the potential to grade liver necro-inflammation in patients with chronic vial hepatitis.
Detection of half-tone PSM pinhole with DUV reflected light source (2002)

The defect detection capability for a minute pinhole by a newly developed mask inspection system MC-3500 with DUV reflected light source is reported. The detection sensitivity of a minute pinhole less than 180 nm on a KrF phase shift mask (PSM) with transmitted light source is limited because the pinhole signal intensity is influenced by the diffraction light. The signal intensity of the pinhole both by the reflected light source and transmitted light source was calculated by an optical simulator, and the actual pinhole signal of the KrF PSM and that of the ArF PSM were measured using the MC-3500 with reflected light source. It was found that the 100 nm minute pinhole, which was not detected by the inspection with the transmitted light source, was detected by the inspection with the reflected light source. This shows the effectiveness of the reflective inspection, thus proved that the newly developed MC-3500 inspection system with reflective inspection capability has very high defect detection sensitivity for the advanced masks of 100-130 nm rule and below devices.
High-Dimensional Index Structures : Databases Support for Next Decade's Applications's (2000)

published
Imaging D2-Dopamine Receptor using PET (2007)

In this paper, we demonstrate how to form images of D2-dopamine receptor concentration in the brain with positron emission tomography (PET). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the reconstructed dynamic PET verileri is generally so low that region of interest (ROI) analysis is required to have accurate quantification. ROI analysis produces a single value of receptor concentration for each region in the brain. Elimination of intermediate reconstruction steps and direct reconstruction of parameters from sinograms allowed us to form dense images of parameters of interest. In this paper, we applied the direct parametric reconstruction algorithm to form images of D2-dopamine receptor concentration within monkey brain using 18F-fallypride radiotracer. Our initial investigations show that our D2 receptor images are consistent with the results of the classical ROI analysis.
The art of optoelectronic packaging (2008)

Optoelectronic packaging is the art of turning well-performing demonstrators of working principles into real devices, so as to guarantee required performances, reliability and cost-effectiveness. To this complex aim, packaging leads many heterogeneous disciplines to convergence, spanning from optics to mechanics, to electronics and material science. Optoelectronic packaging issues and solutions strongly differ, depending on the nature of the system to be implemented and on its level of integration. Three different cases of optical systems for telecomm applications will be discussed, respectively representing on-package integration, on-board hybrid integration and on-chip integration of a monolithic silicon-optics subsystem.
Measurement of positional isotope exchange rates in enzyme-catalyzed reactions by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry: application to argininosuccinate synthetase (1985)

Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) has been used to measure positional isotope exchange rates in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The technique has been applied to the reactions catalyzed by acetyl-CoA synthetase and argininosuccinate synthetase. The FAB technique is also able to quantitatively determine the oxygen-18 or oxygen-17 content of nucleotides on as little as 10 nmol of material with no prior derivatization. Acetyl-CoA synthetase has been shown by FAB-MS to catalyze the positional exchange of an oxygen-18 of ATP from the beta-nonbridge position to the alpha beta-bridge position in the presence of acetate. These results are consistent with acetyl adenylate as a reactive intermediate in this reaction. Argininosuccinate synthetase was shown not to catalyze a positional isotope exchange reaction designed to test for the formation of citrulline adenylate as a reactive intermediate. Argininosuccinate synthetase was also found not to catalyze the transfer of oxygen-18 from [ureido-18O]citrulline to the alpha-phosphorus of ATP in the absence of added aspartate. This experiment was designed to test for the transient formation of carbodiimide as a reactive intermediate. These results suggest that either argininosuccinate synthetase does not catalyze the formation of citrulline adenylate or the enzyme is able to completely suppress the rotation of the phosphoryl groups of PPi.
ChemInform Abstract: trans‐10,11‐Dihydroxy‐5,6,6a,7,8,12b‐hexahydrobenzo(a)phenanthridine: A Highly Potent Selective Dopamine D1 Full Agonist. (1990)

Abstract The tetralone (I) is coupled with benzylamine (II).
Seeing through water: Image restoration using model-based tracking (2009)

A video sequence of an underwater scene taken from above the water surface suffers from severe distortions due to water fluctuations. In this paper, we simultaneously estimate the shape of the water surface and recover the planar underwater scene without using any calibration patterns, image priors, multiple viewpoints or active illumination. The key idea is to build a compact spatial distortion model of the water surface using the wave equation. Based on this model, we present a novel tracking technique that is designed specifically for water surfaces and addresses two unique challenges—the absence of an object model or template and the presence of complex appearance changes in the scene due to water fluctuation. We show the effectiveness of our approach on both simulated and real scenes, with text and texture.
Cryosurgical modeling: effects of cryotherapy and chemotherapy on the viability of two model cell systems (2003)

Cryotherapy and chemotherapy are widely but separately used in the treatment and control of cancer. The authors examined the effect of combining the two therapies in an in vitro cell system. The combination provided a greater loss in cell viability than in either treatment alone.
Antistaphylococcal and biofilm inhibitory activities of acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid from Boswellia serrata (2011)

This study supported the potential use of AKBA in treating S. aureus infections. AKBA can be further exploited to evolve potential lead compounds in the discovery of new anti-Gram-positive and anti-biofilm agents.
Data from Functional Identification of Cancer-Specific Methylation of <i>CDO1</i>, <i>HOXA9</i>, and <i>TAC1</i> for the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Novel diagnostic biomarkers may augment both existing NSCLC screening methods as well as molecular diagnostic tests of surgical specimens to more accurately stratify and stage candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy. Hypermethylation of CpG islands is a common and important alteration in the transition from normal tissue to cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Following previously validated methods for the discovery of cancer-specific hypermethylation changes, we treated eight NSCLC cell lines with the hypomethylating agent deoxyazacitidine or trichostatin A. We validated the findings using a large publicly available database and two independent cohorts of primary samples.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We identified &gt;300 candidate genes. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and extensive filtering to refine our candidate genes for the greatest ability to distinguish tumor from normal, we define a three-gene panel, &lt;i&gt;CDO1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;HOXA9&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;TAC1&lt;/i&gt;, which we subsequently validate in two independent cohorts of primary NSCLC samples. This three-gene panel is 100% specific, showing no methylation in 75 TCGA normal and seven primary normal samples and is 83% to 99% sensitive for NSCLC depending on the cohort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; This degree of sensitivity and specificity may be of high value to diagnose the earliest stages of NSCLC. Addition of this three-gene panel to other previously validated methylation biomarkers holds great promise in both early diagnosis and molecular staging of NSCLC. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(7); 1856–64. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Quadruple reduction of threshold current density for micro-ring quantum dot lasers epitaxially grown on (001) Si (2018)

A quadruple reduction of threshold current density was achieved for electrically pumped quantum-dot micro-rings epitaxially grown on (001) silicon. This was enabled by a low threading dislocation density GaAs buffer layer and a smoothed etching sidewall.
Capillary Electrophoresis Analysis of Organic Amines and Amino Acids in Saline and Acidic Samples Using the Mars Organic Analyzer (2009)

The Mars Organic Analyzer (MOA) has enabled the sensitive detection of amino acid and amine biomarkers in laboratory standards and in a variety of field sample tests. However, the MOA is challenged when samples are extremely acidic and saline or contain polyvalent cations. Here, we have optimized the MOA analysis, sample labeling, and sample dilution buffers to handle such challenging samples more robustly. Higher ionic strength buffer systems with pK(a) values near pH 9 were developed to provide better buffering capacity and salt tolerance. The addition of ethylaminediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) ameliorates the negative effects of multivalent cations. The optimized protocol utilizes a 75 mM borate buffer (pH 9.5) for Pacific Blue labeling of amines and amino acids. After labeling, 50 mM (final concentration) EDTA is added to samples containing divalent cations to ameliorate their effects. This optimized protocol was used to successfully analyze amino acids in a saturated brine sample from Saline Valley, California, and a subcritical water extract of a highly acidic sample from the Río Tinto, Spain. This work expands the analytical capabilities of the MOA and increases its sensitivity and robustness for samples from extraterrestrial environments that may exhibit pH and salt extremes as well as metal ions.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Alterations of the Tumor Suppressor Gene <i>ARLTS1</i> in Ovarian Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Alterations of the Tumor Suppressor Gene &lt;i&gt;ARLTS1&lt;/i&gt; in Ovarian Cancer
Optimizing cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure patients by measuring transient changes in sinus rate during pacing (2005)

To optimize cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) for chronic heart failure (CHF) patients, acute studies show that left ventricular pacing site and atrio-ventricular (AV) delay can be individualized to maximize aortic pulse pressure (PP) increase. In the normal patient it is known that atrial cycle length (ACL) increases as PP increases via the baroreceptor reflex. Therefore, we evaluated another parameter for optimization of pacing parameters - transient ACL, or inversely, sinus heart rate. In a retrospective study, 29 CHF patients, acutely implanted to measure ACL and aortic PP, each received atrial-triggered ventricular pacing in 15 different randomized combinations of 3 pacing sites and 5 AV delays. Each trial contained 15 intrinsic beats (no pacing) and 5 paced beats; PP and ACL changes with pacing were averaged over. the 5 trials. The pacing combination with maximum ACL increase was hypothesized to be statistically related to maximum PP increase. For patients responding to pacing therapy (N = 20), the ACL algorithm predicted optimal or near-optimal (PP increase > 75% of optimal) pacing combinations for most of these patients (85%) and predicted combinations yielding 50-75% of optimal for the rest (15%). This paper describes an algorithm for optimizing PP response via transient ACL measurements. The ACL algorithm may allow rapid and minimally invasive optimization of pacing site and AV delay for CRT in CHF patients.
Plasticity of spectrotemporal sensitivities in auditory cortex (2000)

Response characteristics of auditory cortex can be altered by repeatedly pairing sounds with basal forebrain stimulation [M. P. Kilgard and M. M. Merzenich, Science 279, 1714–1718 (1998)]. Although many neurons in auditory cortex respond most strongly to time-varying sounds, most studies of stimulation-induced plasticity have focused on changes in responses to tone pips. We examined stimulation-induced changes in neuronal sensitivities to frequency-modulated sweep trains (bandwidth=2–16 kHz, duration=1 s, sweep rates=4–24 octaves/s, repetition rates=2–24 sweeps/s). Adult rats received electrical stimulation of basal forebrain paired with 1–10 varieties of sweep trains, 300–500 times per day, for 9–16 days. Some sounds were presented in combination with bandlimited Gaussian noise. After stimulation, neuronal responses were recorded from 20–80 sites in the auditory cortex of each rat. The spectrotemporal sensitivities of auditory cortical neurons were dramatically altered in stimulated rats. Changes in response characteristics were not straightforwardly related to features of the sounds that had been paired with stimulation. Certain sounds that normally evoked responses correlated with sweep repetition rate in control rats tended to evoke either aperiodic or uncorrelated periodic responses from neurons of stimulated rats. Current theories of auditory cortical plasticity do not account for these results. [Work supported by MBRS, NIMH, NSF.]