gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Blonanserin Supersaturation in Liquid and Silica Stabilised Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems on In Vitro Solubilisation (2023)

Reformulating poorly water-soluble drugs as supersaturated lipid-based formulations achieves higher drug loading and potentially improves solubilisation and bioavailability. However, for the weak base blonanserin, silica solidified supersaturated lipid-based formulations have demonstrated reduced in vitro solubilisation compared to their liquid-state counterparts. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the influence of supersaturated drug load on blonanserin solubilisation from liquid and silica solidified supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (super-SNEDDS) during in vitro lipolysis. Stable liquid super-SNEDDS with varying drug loads (90-300% of the equilibrium solubility) were solidified by imbibition into porous silica microparticles (1:1 lipid: silica ratio). In vitro lipolysis revealed greater blonanserin solubilisation from liquid super-SNEDDS compared to solid at equivalent drug saturation levels, owing to strong silica-BLON/lipid interactions, evidenced by a significant decrease in blonanserin solubilisation upon addition of silica to a digesting liquid super-SNEDDS. An increase in solid super-SNEDDS drug loading led to increased solubilisation, owing to the increased drug:silica and drug:lipid ratios. Solidifying SNEDDS with silica enables the fabrication of powdered formulations with higher blonanserin loading and greater stability than liquid super-SNEDDS, however at the expense of drug solubilisation. These competing parameters need careful consideration in designing optimal super-SNEDDS for pre-clinical and clinical application.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Sugar Bola‐Amphiphiles with a Pseudo Macrocyclic Structure. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Partial silicides technology for tunable work function electrodes on high-k gate dielectrics - fermi level pinning controlled PtS/sub X/, for HfO/sub X/(N) pMOSFET (2005)

We investigate an origin of the Fermi-level pinning at the gate electrode/HfO/sub x/(N) interface, and propose a new technology for tuning the work function with a partial silicidation of Pt on HfO/sub x/ (N). It is clearly shown that the effective work functions (/spl Phi/ /sub m,eff/) of fully silicided (FUSI) NiSi and PtSi on HfO/sub x/(N) are rigidly fixed due to the Fermi-level pinning, and that the impurity doping does not help changing /spl Phi/ /sub m,eff/ at all. The large flatband voltage (VFB) shifts of FUSI PtSi MOSFETs have been observed irrespective of Si deposition processes. On the basis of these new findings, nMOSFET with pinned n+poly-Si and pMOSFET with partially pinned PtSi on HfO/sub x/ (N) for a balanced CMOS have been proposed, and both of them have shown good electrical properties. Furthermore, it is experimentally discussed that the control of the Si atom content at the PtSi/sub x//HfO/sub 2/ interface is a key factor to relax the pinning effect. The partial silicidation technology will be a most feasible method for advanced metal gate CMOS.
Calculation of Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity, and Hydride Affinity Trends in Pincer-Ligated d8-Ir(tBu4PXCXP) Complexes: Implications for the Thermodynamics of Oxidative H2 Addition (2014)

DFT methods are used to calculate the ionization energy (IE) and electron affinity (EA) trends in a series of pincer ligated d(8)-Ir((tBu4)PXCXP) complexes (1-X), where C is a 2,6-disubstituted phenyl ring with X = O, NH, CH2, BH, S, PH, SiH2, and GeH2. Both C2v and C2 geometries are considered. Two distinct σ-type ((2)A1 or (2)A) and π-type ((2)B1 or (2)B) electronic states are calculated for each of the free radical cation and anion. The results exhibit complex trends, but can be satisfactorily accounted for by invoking a combination of electronegativity and specific π-orbital effects. The calculations are also used to study the effects of varying X on the thermodynamics of oxidative H2 addition to 1-X. Two closed shell singlet states differentiated in the C2 point group by the d(6)-electon configuration are investigated for the five-coordinate Ir(III) dihydride product. One electronic state has a d(6)-(a)(2)(b)(2)(b)(2) configuration and a square pyramidal geometry, the other a d(6)-(a)(2)(b)(2)(a)(2) configuration with a distorted-Y trigonal bipyramidal geometry. No simple correlations are found between the computed reaction energies of H2 addition and either the IEs or EAs. To better understand the origin of the computed trends, the thermodynamics of H2 addition are analyzed using a cycle of hydride and proton addition steps. The analysis highlights the importance of the electron and hydride affinities, which are not commonly used in rationalizing trends of oxidative addition reactions. Thus, different complexes such as 1-O and 1-CH2 can have very similar reaction energies for H2 addition arising from opposing hydride and proton affinity effects. Additional calculations on methane C-H bond addition to 1-X afford reaction and activation energy trends that correlate with the reaction energies of H2 addition leading to the Y-product.
Similarities and Differences between Site-Selective Acylation and Phosphorylation of Amphiphilic Diols, Promoted by Nucleophilic Organocatalysts Decorated with Outer-Sphere Appendages (2023)

We demonstrated recently that organocatalysts, based on a nucleophilic core (N-alkylimidazole or 4-aminopyridine) and decorated with an extensive secondary-sphere envelope (connected to the core through a benzyl substituent), strongly affect the site selectivity in acylation and phosphorylation of amphiphilic diols, sometimes entirely overriding the innate predisposition of the substrate. Preliminary studies pointed out that, despite some similarities, there are differences between the two transformations, regarding the influence of various catalyst features on the selectivity. To fully elucidate this, extended families of organocatalysts of the said design were examined, activity- and selectivity-wise, in the abovementioned transformations of model alcohol and amphiphilic diol substrates. A comparison of the influence of the catalyst design on the two reactions revealed that while the inductive electron donation of the o,o-dialkoxybenzyl substituent of the core, combined with the catalytic intermediate-stabilizing influence of some of the secondary-sphere components, causes an increase in the catalyst activity in both reactions and in the site selectivity in phosphorylation, its effect on the site selectivity in acylation is opposite. On the other hand, the lipophilicity of the secondary-sphere appendages improves the apolar site-favoring selectivity in both reactions. Thus, both factors work in concert in phosphorylation, but in opposite directions in acylation.
One-Way Shear in Wide Concrete Beams with Narrow Supports (2008)

Wide reinforced concrete beams are frequently used as primary structural members in buildings or bridges, to support floor loads and to transfer forces from discontinuous walls or columns above. In these roles, these critical members may in turn be supported on walls extending across the full width of the beam, or on narrower columns. While punching shear capacity on a perimeter around the column must be checked in the latter case, design code provisions require that one-way shear capacity be assessed for a cross-section encompassing the full width of the beam for both the wall and column support configurations. There was concern that this full-width shear area approach may lead to poor predictions of one-way shear strength, due to local geometry influences at the wide-beam-to-narrow-column connection. An experimental program on 8 large-scale shear-critical reinforced concrete beams is presented, where the support or load width, relative to the member width, was a primary test variable. The results show that the one-way shear strength was moderately reduced as the support width to beam width ratio decreased. This influence occurred for members without shear reinforcement and for members with a moderate shear reinforcement ratio. A capacity reduction function was developed to account for this influence on one-way shear strength, and its application demonstrated with a design example.
Improving understanding and recall of the probation service contract (2000)

The role of the probation service within the Criminal Justice System is to provide support to probationees so they can serve out their probation orders in accordance with certain regulations. These regulations are expressed in a formal contract. The current article reports an assessment of the readability of the current Kent Probation Service's users' contract. A Flesch (1948) analysis of the original document indicated that it required an IQ of 111+ for full comprehension. Using several criteria suggested by the Flesch formula and other literature, the document was revised to improve its readability. Analysis revealed the revised document to require an IQ of 84+ for full comprehension, indicating that the revised contract should be considerably easier to understand than the original. An exploratory study revealed that both understanding and recall were significantly greater for the revised contract than for the original. We conclude that in assessing readability of written materials, it is important that (in conjunction with a Flesch analysis) documents are actually tested on the intended readership. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Residual stress investigation of via-last through-silicon via by polarized Raman spectroscopy measurement and finite element simulation (2018)

The residual stresses induced around through-silicon vias (TSVs) by a fabrication process is one of the major concerns of reliability. We proposed a methodology to investigate the residual stress in a via-last TSV. Firstly, radial and axial thermal stresses were measured by polarized Raman spectroscopy. The agreement between the simulated stress level and measured results validated the detail simulation model. Furthermore, the validated simulation model was adopted to the study of residual stress by element death/birth methods. The residual stress at room temperature concentrates at passivation layers owing to the high fabrication process temperatures of 420 °C for SiN film and 350 °C for SiO2 films. For a Si substrate, a high-level stress was observed near potential device locations, which requires attention to address reliability concerns in stress-sensitive devices. This methodology of residual stress analysis can be adopted to investigate the residual stress in other devices.
Monolithic integration of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and a high-speed waveguide p-i-n photodiode using asymmetric twin-waveguide technology (2004)

An optical mode transformer, semiconductor optical amplifier, and waveguide photodiode are monolithically integrated without regrowth using separately optimized materials based on asymmetric twin-waveguide technology. The device shows a peak responsivity of 11 A/W and a 3 dB electrical bandwidth of 36 GHz.
Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy goats (Review) (2018)

Mastitis is a disease of the mammary gland that negatively influences the quantitative and qualitative parameters of milk. At the same time the milk from a mastitic gland is a source of infection to both other animals and the consumer and therefore a direct threat to human and animal health. This determines the importance of an early and accurate diagnosis of the various forms of inflammation of the mammary gland in goats. Clinical signs, measurement of somatic cells in milk and bacteriological examination are standard methods for diagnosis of mastitis. Bacteriology is not suitable as a routine first line test to identify subclinical mastitis. Therefore, indirect tests for the diagnosis of mastitis are more suitable for application in practice, and based on their results, samples can be selected for further examination. The purpose of this article is to look at the different test available for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in goats, based on various indicators of inflammation in the mammary gland.
Photon-induced selenium migration in TiSe2 (2017)

TiSe2 is a member of the transition metal dichalcogenide family of layered van der Waals materials that exhibits some distinct electronic and optical properties. Here, we perform the Raman spectroscopy and microscopy studies on single crystal TiSe2 to investigate the thermal and photon-induced defects associated with the diffusion of selenium to the surface. Additional phonon peaks near 250 cm−1 are observed in the laser-irradiated regions that are consistent with the formation of amorphous and nanocrystalline selenium on the surface. Temperature dependent studies of the threshold temperature and laser intensity necessary to initiate selenium migration to the surface show an activation barrier for the process of 1.55 eV. The impact of these results on the properties of strongly correlated electron states in TiSe2 is discussed.
634 Transitioning From Vedolizumab IV to Vedolizumab SC in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: Results From the VISIBLE Program (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Vedolizumab (VDZ), a monoclonal antibody targeting α 4 β 7 integrin, is approved as an intravenous (IV) formulation to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). In the first completed study with a new VDZ subcutaneous (SC) formulation (VISIBLE 1, NCT02611830, a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial assessing VDZ SC as maintenance treatment in adults with moderately to severely active UC), VDZ SC demonstrated statistically significant efficacy superior to placebo as maintenance treatment in patients with UC who had achieved a response to VDZ IV induction. The VDZ SC clinical program also includes an open-label extension (OLE, NCT02620046, ongoing). Analyses across these 2 studies allow for evaluation of efficacy when transitioning from VDZ IV to VDZ SC in patients who achieved clinical benefit with VDZ IV treatment for varying durations. METHODS: Efficacy of VDZ SC treatment after initial VDZ IV (300 mg) infusion was evaluated in 3 groups according to the duration of VDZ IV treatment before transitioning to VDZ SC (108 mg; Figure 1): (A) After 2 VDZ IV infusions (Week [W] 0 and 2) in patients who achieved clinical response at W6 and were randomized to VDZ SC maintenance treatment in VISIBLE 1; (B) After 3 VDZ IV infusions in patients who did not achieve clinical response at W6 who received a third VDZ IV infusion at W6 and had clinical response at W14 in VISIBLE 1 before enrolling in the OLE and transitioning to VDZ SC; (C) After 8 VDZ IV infusions (W0, W2, W6, and every 8 weeks thereafter until W52) in patients randomized to VDZ IV maintenance treatment in VISIBLE 1, completed 52 weeks of VDZ IV treatment, and transitioned to VDZ SC in the OLE. RESULTS: Patients who transitioned to VDZ SC after 2 infusions of VDZ IV (N = 106) had a clinical remission rate of 46.2% and a clinical response rate of 65.1% at W52. Among patients who received 3 VDZ IV infusions before transitioning to VDZ SC (N = 107), 39.2% achieved clinical remission and 48.0% achieved clinical response at W54 (14 weeks of IV; 40 weeks of SC). For patients who transitioned to VDZ SC after receiving 8 VDZ IV infusions over 52 weeks in VISIBLE 1 (N = 35), clinical remission and clinical response rates (both 76.9%) were maintained during the OLE on SC through W24 (Tables 1 and 2). CONCLUSION: Transitioning from initial VDZ IV treatment to VDZ SC maintenance treatment retains therapeutic benefit, independent of initial vedolizumab IV treatment duration.
An Adaptively Pipelined Mixed Synchronous-Asynchronous Digital FIR Filter Chip Operating at 1.3 Gigahertz (2009)

A high-throughput low-latency digital <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">finite impulse response</i> (FIR) filter has been designed for use in <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">partial-response maximum-likelihood</i> (PRML) read channels of modern disk drives. The filter is a hybrid synchronous-asynchronous design. The speed-critical portion of the filter is designed as a high-performance asynchronous pipeline sandwiched between synchronous input and output portions, making it possible for the entire filter to be embedded within a clocked system. A novel feature of the filter is that the degree of pipelining is dynamically variable, depending upon the input data rate. This feature is critical in obtaining a very low filter latency throughout the range of operating frequencies. The filter is a ten-tap six-bit FIR filter, fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS process. Resulting chips were fully functional over a wide range of supply voltages, and exhibited throughputs of over 1.3 giga-items/s, and latencies of 2-5 clock cycles. Interestingly, the filter throughput was limited by the synchronous portion of the chip; the internal asynchronous pipeline was estimated to be capable of significantly higher throughputs, around 1.8 giga-items/s. More importantly though, the adaptively pipelined nature of the filter allows it to offer a worst-case latency of only 10 ns, which is half the worst-case latency of the best previously reported comparable fully-synchronous implementation by Rylov et al.
Production of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen in bacteria: altered DNA-binding specificity and dna-replication activity of underphosphorylated large tumor antigen. (1989)

A bacterial expression system was used to produce simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (T antigen) in the absence of the extensive posttranslational modifications that occur in mammalian cells. Wild-type T antigen produced in bacteria retained a specific subset of the biochemical activities displayed by its mammalian counterpart. Escherichia coli T antigen functioned as a helicase and bound to DNA fragments containing either site I or the wild-type origin of replication in a manner identical to mammalian T antigen. However, T antigen purified from E. coli did not efficiently bind to site II, an essential cis element within the simian virus 40 origin of replication. It therefore could not unwind origin-containing plasmids or efficiently replicate simian virus 40 DNA in vitro. The ability of protein phosphorylation to modulate the intrinsic preference of full-length T antigen for either site I or site II is discussed.
Learning structural element patch models with hierarchical palettes (2012)

Image patches can be factorized into `shapelets' that describe segmentation patterns called structural elements (stels), and palettes that describe how to paint the shapelets. We introduce local palettes for patches, global palettes for entire images and universal palettes for image collections. Using a learned shapelet library, patches from a test image can be analyzed using a variational technique to produce an image descriptor that represents local shapes and colors separately. We show that the shapelet model performs better than SIFT, Gist and the standard stel method on Caltech28 and is very competitive with other methods on Caltech101.
Phone as a pixel (2012)

We present Phone as a Pixel: a scalable, synchronization-free, platform-independent system for creating large, ad-hoc displays from a collection of smaller devices. In contrast to most tiled-display systems, the only requirement for participation is for devices to have an internet connection and a web browser. Thus, most smartphones, tablets, laptops and similar devices can be used. Phone as a Pixel uses a color-transition encoding scheme to identify and locate displays. This approach has several advantages: devices can be arbitrarily arranged (i.e., not in a grid) and infrastructure consists of a single conventional camera. Further, additional devices can join at any time without re-calibration. These are desirable properties to enable collective displays in contexts like sporting events, concerts and political rallies. In this paper we describe our system, show results from proof-of-concept setups, and quantify the performance of our approach on hundreds of displays.
Collapse Prediction Methodology for the Solid Expandable Tubular (2011)

Abstract This paper summarizes an experimental and numerical study aimed at understanding the collapse resistance of expandable tubulars (EXP-T), both before and after expansion, and at constructing a prediction method for post-expanded collapse. Post-expanded collapse resistance is one of the important properties for EXP-T, and the high-collapse EXP-T is necessary for the realization of expandable tubular monobore wells. Thus, a reliable prediction technique can be useful for casing-design utilizing EXP-T. However, the current collapse formulas widely used are not applicable to post-expanded pipes. To solve this subject, firstly, full-scale expansion and collapse tests were performed to compare collapse resistance between two materials. Secondly, two prediction methods were validated for post-expanded collapse: finite element analyses (FEA) and the statistic formula used in conventional OCTG. The test results demonstrated that post-expanded collapse resistance is significantly degraded by the increase in the diameter-to-thickness ratio. There was a large difference in the reduction ratio of the collapse between the conventional and trial material, and the FEA model is capable of evaluating the precise collapse strength of post-expanded pipes by modeling the collapse governing factors. It was also clear that the distribution of residual stress after expansion is opposite to conventional OCTG, although the residual stress deteriorates the collapse resistance after expansion. Moreover, by modifying the definition of the mechanical property of the pipe, the collapse prediction formula is capable of accurately calculating the collapse pressure after expansion. This result is caused by the difference in the shape of stress-strain (S-S) curves between conventional OCTG and post-expanded pipes. We expect that this research work will contribute to improving our understanding of EXP-T collapse, and will help form the technical basis for the reliability of EXP-T casing design.
Ambipolar Transport in Organic Conjugated Materials (2007)

Abstract The relative mobility of holes versus electrons in π‐conjugated materials is a long‐standing issue in the field of organic electronics. In this Progress Report, we first argue on the basis of theoretical considerations that in general organic semiconductors are intrinsically as good electron transporters as they are hole transporters. Then, in the light of selected experimental works, we discuss the origin of the features that prevent the observation of intrinsic electron transport, and the strategies that have been developed to promote ambipolar transport in field‐effect transistors.