gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplemental Methods and Supplemenal Figures 1 through 5 from [<sup>18</sup>F](2<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>)4-Fluoroglutamine PET Detects Glutamine Pool Size Changes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Response to Glutaminase Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Methods. SI-Fig 1 HPLC chromatogram of [18F]4F-Glu and [18F]4F-Gln mixture. SI-Fig 2 Comparison of T/B values obtained by two readers. SI-Fig 3 Comparison of T/B ratios obtained from different tumor ROI methods. SI-Fig 4 Comparison of T/B ratios between single and multiROI approach. SI-Fig 5 Estimation of [18F]4F-Gln distribution volume (DV) by kinetic analyses of PET data.&lt;/p&gt;
Recent advances in photodynamic therapy (2000)

Clinical results of photodynamic therapy continue to show promise for the treatment of various solid malignancies. This paper briefly summarizes the advantages/disadvantages of various so-called ‘second-generation’ photosensitizers and other medical applications of porphyrin-based analogs.
Convolutional neural networks for high throughput screening of catalyst layer inks for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (2021)

The performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells decisively depends on the structure and processes in membrane electrode assemblies and their components, particularly the catalyst layers. The structural building blocks of catalyst layers are formed during the processing and application of catalyst inks. Accelerating the structural characterization at the ink stage is thus crucial to expedite further advances in catalyst layer design and fabrication. In this context, deep learning algorithms based on deep convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) can automate the processing of the complex and multi-scale structural features of ink imaging data. This article presents the first application of ConvNets for the high throughput screening of transmission electron microscopy images at the ink stage. Results indicate the importance of model pre-training and data augmentation that works on multiple scales in training robust and accurate classification pipelines.
Regional Economic Policies: An Alternative to French Economic Dirigisme? (2020)

This chapter examines the economic actions of the regions in the wider context of actions undertaken by public authorities generally – municipalities, departments and the state – to promote local economic development. The science park fever which spread throughout western countries during the 1980s is based on the idea that crossfertilization between research and firms in the field of high technologies, innovation transfers between various sorts of firms, and an ideological commitment to modem, high tech firms was the best way forward. Italy and Germany are the principal sources of ideas related to the emergence of forms of ‘regional corporatism’. ‘Economic interventions of regions’ is a phrase which relates precisely to the legal framework for intervention as defined in the decentralization reforms. Regions have gradually abandoned the practice of giving direct grants to firms. French regional elites have not given up all idea of regional economic development policy.
Some Fundamental Problems and Opportunities From the Standpoint of Rational Agency (1989)

Growing enthusiasm about the application of autonomous reasoning in high-stakes domains like medicine and aerospace has stimulated interest in systems that behave in accordance with a coherent theory of rationality. Within such domains, the losses associated with suboptimal decisions tend to render simple satisfying approaches inadequate and to provide incentive for attempting to optimize the utility of computational activity. In pursuing research on rational agency over the last several years, a number of problems have come to be highlighted as rich areas for future research. In this paper, we review promising prospects for future study. The research topics will be motivated by recent research and preliminary theoretical and empirical results.
N‐chlorotaurine and its analoguesN,N‐dichloro‐2,2‐dimethyltaurine andN‐monochloro‐2,2‐dimethyltaurine are safe and effective bactericidal agents inex vivocorneal infection models (2012)

N-chlorotaurine, NVC-422 and NVC-612 are non-irritating in cornea and kill P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, even following penetration into the deeper corneal stromal layers.
The NS1 Protein of a Human Influenza Virus Inhibits Type I Interferon Production and the Induction of Antiviral Responses in Primary Human Dendritic and Respiratory Epithelial Cells (2009)

The NS1 protein of the influenza A virus is a potent virulence factor that inhibits type I interferon (IFN) synthesis, allowing the virus to overcome host defenses and replicate efficiently. However, limited studies have been conducted on NS1 function using human virus strains and primary human cells. We used NS1 truncated mutant influenza viruses derived from the human isolate influenza A/TX/91 (TX WT, where WT is wild type) to study the functions of NS1 in infected primary cells. Infection of primary differentiated human tracheo-bronchial epithelial cells with an NS1 truncated mutant demonstrated limited viral replication and enhanced type I IFN induction. Additionally, human dendritic cells (DCs) infected with human NS1 mutant viruses showed higher levels of activation and stimulated naïve T-cells better than TX WT virus-infected DCs. We also compared infections of DCs with TX WT and our previously characterized laboratory strain A/PR/8/34 (PR8) and its NS1 knockout strain, deltaNS1. TX WT-infected DCs displayed higher viral replication than PR8 but had decreased antiviral gene expression at late time points and reduced naïve T-cell stimulation compared to PR8 infections, suggesting an augmented inhibition of IFN production and human DC activation. Our findings show that human-derived influenza A viruses have a high capacity to inhibit the antiviral state in a human system, and here we have evaluated the possible mechanism of this inhibition. Lastly, C-terminal truncations in the NS1 protein of human influenza virus are sufficient to make the virus attenuated and more immunogenic, supporting its use as a live attenuated influenza vaccine in humans.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Series of Novel Polyaromatic Ligands Containing Pyrene and Related Biscyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes (2006)

A series of novel polyaromatic ligands containing pyrene with different types of substitution around the central pyridine ring were synthesized via Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. The series consists of 4-methyl-2-pyren-1-ylpyridine (5), in which the pyrene ring is attached to the 2-position of pyridine; 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-pyren-1-ylpyridine (16), in which the pyrene ring is attached to the 5-position of pyridine; and 4-methyl-2-(3-pyren-1-ylphenyl)pyridine (30), in which the pyrene ring is attached to the 3-position of the 2-phenylpyridine moiety. The novel, sterically bulky di-tert-butyl(pyren-1-yl)phosphine (25) was used for the first time as a ligand in the Suzuki coupling reaction. The palladium complexes 6, 7, and 31 were also isolated as catalyst degradation products from the corresponding Suzuki reactions. Some of the largest cyclometalated systems to date have been synthesized by the biscycloiridation of the above three types of pyrene-containing phenylpyridine ligands in trimethyl phosphate. The systems include complexes 10 and 12, in which the pyrene ring is cyclometalated by iridium; complex 19, in which the pyrene ring is attached to a pyridine moiety; and complex 32, in which the pyrene is attached to a cyclometalated phenyl moiety. In the solid state, complexes 12 and 19 exhibit π-stacking arrangements through the large aromatic systems of the pyrene rings. The plane-to-plane distances of the π−π stacked complexes 12 and 19 vary from 3.40 to 3.53 Å. The π-stacking distance can be affected by the size of the solvent molecules incorporated in the cavities formed by the pyrene rings. Complex 32 does not have π-stacked aromatic rings.
A Universal Specification for Multicore Fiber Crosstalk (2019)

In order to transition multi-core fiber (MCF) technologies from their research state to volume production, the key design specifications have to be broadly agreed upon, first and foremost an acceptable level of inter-core crosstalk per unit length. Against common belief, we show that MCF crosstalk requirements per unit length are fairly independent of transmission distance in the context of modern coherent optical communication systems. As a consequence, a single value for the tolerable inter-core crosstalk per unit length can be used to specify MCFs, valid from metropolitan (~100 km) to trans-pacific (~10 000 km) deployment scenarios. The notion of a universal inter-core crosstalk specification allows for application-independent MCF designs (including a distance-independent optimum core density) and will facilitate the standardization and volume manufacturing of MCF.
Novel Principle for Flux Sensing in the Application of a DC + AC Current Sensor (2015)

This paper presents a new concept for measuring DC and AC magnetic flux densities within a ferromagnetic material. It is based on a measurement of the material's magnetostriction, which is its relative change in length due to the magnetic flux density inside the material. This dimensional change is converted to an electrical signal using a piezoelectric strain sensor. An additional sinusoidal AC excitation of the core material provides higher sensitivity of the length measurement and overcomes the inherent high-pass characteristic of the piezoelectric sensor. Therefore, flux density signals from DC to the kilohertz range can be measured. The concept's feasibility is demonstrated with the design and implementation of an isolated DC + AC current sensor with a measurement range of ±20 A and a bandwidth from DC to 20 MHz.
A maximum-likelihood base caller for DNA sequencing (2000)

The procedures used to sequence the human genome involve the electrophoretic separation of mixtures of dioxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments tagged with reporting groups, usually fluorescent dyes. Each fluorescent pulse which arrives from an optical detector corresponds to a nucleotide (base) in the DNA sequence, and the subsequent process of base detection is known as base calling. Generating longer and more accurate sequences in the base-calling process will reduce the high cost of DNA sequencing. This paper presents an automated base-calling algorithm, referred to as maximum-likelihood base caller (MLB), which is based on maximum likelihood equalization for digital communication channels. Based on 125 experimental datasets, MLB averaged up to 40% fewer errors than the widely used ABI base caller from the Applied Biosystems Division of PE Corporation. MLB's accuracy rivaled that of another well-known base caller, Phred, surpassing it on datasets with high background noise.
Direct imaging of structural changes induced by ionic liquid gating leading to engineered three-dimensional meso-structures (2018)

The controlled transformation of materials, both their structure and their physical properties, is key to many devices. Ionic liquid gating can induce the transformation of thin-film materials over long distances from the gated surface. Thus, the mechanism underlying this process is of considerable interest. Here we directly image, using in situ, real-time, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, the reversible transformation between the oxygen vacancy ordered phase brownmillerite SrCoO<sub>2.5</sub> and the oxygen ordered phase perovskite SrCoO<sub>3</sub>. We show that the phase transformation boundary moves at a velocity that is highly anisotropic, traveling at speeds ~30 times faster laterally than through the thickness of the film. Taking advantage of this anisotropy, we show that three-dimensional metallic structures such as cylinders and rings can be realized. Our results provide a roadmap to the construction of complex meso-structures from their exterior surfaces.
Immunoassay Detection of Drugs in Racing Horses: Detection of Ethacrynic Acid and Bumetanide in Equine Urine by ELISA (1994)

We have raised antibodies and developed one-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the diuretics ethacrynic acid and bumetanide as part of a panel of pre- and post-race tests for high potency drugs in racing horses. These ELISA tests are rapid (completed within one hour), sensitive, and can be read by eye. The ELISA detects ethacrynic acid at a drug concentration for half-maximal inhibition (I-50) of about 2.5 ng/mL for the parent drug. After dosing horses intravenously with 5 mg ethacrynic acid per horse, the parent drug or its metabolites are detectable in urine for at least 8 hours. The bumetanide ELISA has an I-50 for the parent drug of about 2.0 ng/mL and will detect bumetanide or its metabolites for about 8 hours in urine after intravenous administration of a 1.7-mg dose per horse. Both antibodies are relatively specific for each drug and do not cross-react with other commonly used diuretics or other acidic compounds often found in post-race equine urine samples. Ethacrynic acid and bumetanide are potent diuretics suspected of being illegally substituted for furosemide in certain racing jurisdictions. Development of these rapid, sensitive, and simple tests for these agents will allow more effective pre- and post-race control of the use of these agents in racing horses. Both tests have recently uncovered several "positives" for these medications in a midwestern racing jurisdiction.
Density and Viscosity of Binary Liquid Mixtures of Ethanol + 1-Hexanol and Ethanol + 1-Heptanol from (293.15 to 328.15) K at 0.1 MPa (2015)

This paper presents experimental viscosity and density measurements for two binary mixtures of ethanol with 1-hexanol and 1-heptanol that cover the complete composition range from (293.15 to 328.15) K at 0.1 MPa. A vibrating tube densimeter provides density measurements, whereas viscosities come from a pellet microviscometer. The excess molar volumes calculated from the experimental data have positive deviations from ideality over the temperature range. Calculated viscosity deviations from the experimental data show negative deviations from a mole fraction weighted average of the pure component viscosities over the temperature range. A Redlich–Kister type equation correlates the data satisfactorily. We have correlated the three-body McAllister to the experimental kinematic viscosity. Comparison of the experimental viscosity data to predictions from a generalized, three-body McAllister and a generalized corresponding states principle (GCSP) equation shows that the generalized McAllister equation is superior predicting the kinematic viscosity within an average absolute percentage deviation of 1.24%. Finally, molecular dynamics was performed to compare density and viscosity results with those obtained experimentally. Results for density agree with the experimental measurements, whereas viscosity calculations are beyond the experimental error.
Atomic Resolution Structure of Monomorphic Aβ42 Amyloid Fibrils (2016)

Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a 39-42 residue protein produced by the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which subsequently aggregates to form cross-β amyloid fibrils that are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The most prominent forms of Aβ are Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, which differ by two amino acids (I and A) at the C-terminus. However, Aβ42 is more neurotoxic and essential to the etiology of AD. Here, we present an atomic resolution structure of a monomorphic form of AβM01-42 amyloid fibrils derived from over 500 (13)C-(13)C, (13)C-(15)N distance and backbone angle structural constraints obtained from high field magic angle spinning NMR spectra. The structure (PDB ID: 5KK3 ) shows that the fibril core consists of a dimer of Aβ42 molecules, each containing four β-strands in a S-shaped amyloid fold, and arranged in a manner that generates two hydrophobic cores that are capped at the end of the chain by a salt bridge. The outer surface of the monomers presents hydrophilic side chains to the solvent. The interface between the monomers of the dimer shows clear contacts between M35 of one molecule and L17 and Q15 of the second. Intermolecular (13)C-(15)N constraints demonstrate that the amyloid fibrils are parallel in register. The RMSD of the backbone structure (Q15-A42) is 0.71 ± 0.12 Å and of all heavy atoms is 1.07 ± 0.08 Å. The structure provides a point of departure for the design of drugs that bind to the fibril surface and therefore interfere with secondary nucleation and for other therapeutic approaches to mitigate Aβ42 aggregation.
Shock rejection for repetitive control using a disturbance observer (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of shock rejection in a disk file control system. By adding a disturbance observer to a conventional internal model based repetitive controller, tracking performance is maintained in the presence of short term nonrepetitive disturbances such as shocks which would otherwise cause large tracking errors. A description of this augmented repetitive control scheme and some simulation results are presented.
A Case for the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Glaucoma Assessment (2021)

We hypothesize that artificial intelligence (AI) applied to relevant clinical testing in glaucoma has the potential to enhance the ability to detect glaucoma. This premise was discussed at the recent Collaborative Community on Ophthalmic Imaging meeting, "The Future of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Ophthalmic Image Interpretation: Accelerating Innovation and Implementation Pathways," held virtually September 3-4, 2020. The Collaborative Community on Ophthalmic Imaging (CCOI) is an independent self-governing consortium of stakeholders with broad international representation from academic institutions, government agencies, and the private sector whose mission is to act as a forum for the purpose of helping speed innovation in healthcare technology. It was 1 of the first 2 such organizations officially designated by the Food and Drug Administration in September 2019 in response to their announcement of the collaborative community program as a strategic priority for 2018-2020. Further information on the CCOI can be found online at their website (https://www.cc-oi.org/about). Artificial intelligence for glaucoma diagnosis would have high utility globally, because access to care is limited in many parts of the world and half of all people with glaucoma are unaware of their illness. The application of AI technology to glaucoma diagnosis has the potential to broadly increase access to care worldwide, in essence flattening the Earth by providing expert-level evaluation to individuals even in the most remote regions of the planet.
Predicting backscatter characteristics from micron- and submicron-scale ultrasound contrast agents using a size-integration technique (2006)

In this paper, a computationally, inexpensive, size-integration method based on a modified Rayleigh-Plesset model is developed to predict backscatter spectra from groups of bubbles with various size distributions, incident acoustic amplitudes, and driving frequencies. The method was validated using experimentally measured spectra from contrast bubbles of various sizes: Optison, Levovist, ST68 microbubbles, and submicron bubbles. This method provides a computationally inexpensive means of examining backscatter spectrum from multiple bubbles, especially in predicting occurrence and relative amplitude of subharmonics and second harmonics.
Development of Data Infrastructure for the Long Term Bridge Performance Program (2009)

The growth of the National Bridge Inventory database, the availability of new data from embedded sensors, in-situ tests and live load tests together with additional bridge related data, e.g. geospatial and weather data, represents an immense source of information helpful for a better understanding of bridge performance and deterioration. However, in order to efficiently exploit this overwhelming amount of information a new generation of data management and data analysis tools is needed. In this paper we describe an open, scalable, and extensible data management and data analysis infrastructure which will be established within the framework of the Long Term Bridge Performance Program (LTBP).
Three methods assessing red marrow dosimetry in lymphoma patients treated with radioimmunotherapy (2010)

Image-based methodology (M1) seems to better predict hematological toxicity as compared with blood-based methods. Only this method provides for bone marrow involvement.
Quantum Optimization and Learning and Simulation (QOALAS): Project Overview. (2022)

Abstract not provided.
Clinical and immunologic studies of disseminated BCG infection (1978)

Eight patients with disseminated BCG infection following injection of BCG into primary melanomas have been studied. These patients developed persistent fevers beginning 9 to 20 days following BCG injection. Severe liver function abnormalities occurred in all patients and peaked approximately 20 days following BCG injection. The persistent fevers, and clinical signs and symptoms of disseminated BCG infection lasted from 7 to 22 days before subsiding. Liver function abnormalities sometimes took six months to return to normal. Evidence of granulomas in liver and bone marrow were present. The natural course of this disease did not appear to be affected by therapy with isoniazid (INH). In vitro immunologic studies revealed a severe depression of lymphocyte reactivity in five of six patients sequentially tested. Wide dissemination of BCG from the site of injection is a severe complication of BCG therapy. The clinical course of this disease and suggestions for management are described in this paper.
Carbon Dioxide with a New Pulse Profile and Shape: A Perfect Tool to Perform Labiaplasty for Functional and Cosmetic Purpose (2018)

Laser Carbon Dioxide Laser with a new pulse profile and shape seems to be a safe and precise surgical tool to perform this type of procedures, optimal biophysical and bio stimulative laser-tissue interactions allow delicate vulvar tissues to shorten downtime.
The image torque operator for mid-level vision: theory and experiment (2012)

Splenic cysts are rare benign lesions of the spleen, often asymptomatic and incidentally discovered during imaging studies. While many splenic cysts remain asymptomatic and do not require intervention, surgical management becomes essential in cases of symptomatic cysts, large cysts, or when malignancy cannot be ruled out. Laparoscopic surgery has emerged as a minimally invasive and effective approach for treating splenic cysts, offering advantages such as shorter hospital stays, reduced postoperative pain, and faster recovery. In this case report, we describe our experience with laparoscopic surgery for a symptomatic splenic cyst in a young patient.