gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure 3 from Combinations with Allosteric SHP2 Inhibitor TNO155 to Block Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;CSF1R-driven SHP2-dependent MAPK signaling in GDM-1 cells and SHP2 dependency of the viability in M-CSF-stimulated monocytes in the T cell co-culture assay, and the in vivo combination benefit in suppressing tumor associated macrophage by anti-PD-1 antibody and TNO155 in MC38 tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Bleichsysteme für Haushaltswaschmittel (2018)

Zusammenfassung Die Weiterentwicklung von chemischen Bleichsystemen, insbesondere von aktivierter und katalysierter Persauerstoffbleiche in festen Waschmitteln, hat zu signifikanten Verbesserungen bei der Leistungsfähigkeit solcher Produkte in Bezug auf Fleckentfernung, Weißgrad und Hygiene geführt. Heute existieren metallhaltige und metallfreie organische Katalysatoren, die in Kombination mit dem weit verbreiteten System Percarbonat/TAED die Lücke zwischen 20 °C und 40 °C schließen. Umwelt und Verbraucher profitieren neben der Reduktion der Dosierung um 75 % in den letzten 40 Jahren von direkten Kosteneinsparungen durch geringeren Energieverbrauch bei Reduktion der Waschtemperatur. Die Kompaktierung hat neue Produktformen wie vordosierte Waschmittelportionen ermöglicht. Offen sind weiterhin die Anwendung katalytischer Bleichsysteme in Flüssigwaschmitteln und die Nutzung von Sauerstoff aus der Luft. Die weiter voranschreitende Integration von Waschmitteln in Waschmaschinen, etwa durch automatische Dosierung und verbesserte Fleckensensorik, wird dazu führen, dass Bleichsysteme in Zukunft weiter optimiert und noch gezielter eingesetzt werden können, um das Waschen noch nachhaltiger und verbraucherfreundlicher zu gestalten.
In search of a virotope: Identification of herpesvirus specific CD8 T cells (2015)

Immunologically-mediated adverse drug reactions (IMADRs) cause significant economic burden, and patient morbidity and mortality. Many severe T-cell mediated reactions are restricted by class I and/or II HLA alleles. The rapid onset and tissue specificity of some IM-ADRs is indicative of resident effect or memory T-cell involvement, perhaps specific for persistent pathogens such as herpes simplex virus(HSV). In collaboration with others we have shown that hypersensitivity to the drug abacavir is mediated by alterations to the repertoire of self-peptide bound to HLA-B*57:01. To explain the immunopathogenesis, short latency, in complete positive predictive value of HLA risk alleles and tissue specificity of reactions such as carbamazepine(CBZ) induced Stevens-Johnson-syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) associated with HLA-B*15:02, we propose a“heterologous immunity/altered peptide model” that requires the identification of the HLA-B*15:02 restricted virotope (foreign peptide) as the first step to identifying cross-reactivity with self-peptide in the presence of CBZ.
Segmenting degenerated lumbar intervertebral discs from MR images (2008)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging is the modality of reference for diagnosing intervertebral disc degeneration, a condition related to chronic back pain. Segmentation of intervertebral discs is a prerequisite for computer aided diagnosis, while it could also serve in computer based surgery planning. A small number of studies report on disc segmentation methods applied on normal discs, while segmentation of degenerated discs remains an open issue.
Discovery of Ecopladib, an Indole Inhibitor of Cytosolic Phospholipase Α2α (2007)

The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a series of indole inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (cPLA2alpha, type IVA phospholipase) are described. Inhibitors of cPLA2alpha are predicted to be efficacious in treating asthma as well as the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and pain. The introduction of a benzyl sulfonamide substituent at C2 was found to impart improved potency of these inhibitors, and the SAR of these sulfonamide analogues is disclosed. Compound 123 (Ecopladib) is a sub-micromolar inhibitor of cPLA2alpha in the GLU micelle and rat whole blood assays. Compound 123 displayed oral efficacy in the rat carrageenan air pouch and rat carrageenan-induced paw edema models.
The REPAIR-AMI and ASTAMI trials: cell isolation procedures: reply (2007)

It obviously escaped the notion of Egeland and Brinchman that the protocols additionally differ with regard to the washing steps and buffer components used in the density gradient separation of the bone marrow. Our study has been conducted to elucidate factors in the preparation of bone marrow cells for intracoronary application that might influence …
Development of a bioartificial pancreas: II. Effects of oxygen on long-term entrapped ?TC3 cell cultures (1999)

Tissue-engineered pancreatic constructs based on immunoisolated, insulin-secreting cells are promising in providing an effective, relatively inexpensive, long-term treatment for type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes. An in vitro characterization of construct function under conditions mimicking the in vivo environment is essential prior to any extensive animal experimentation. Encapsulated cells may experience hypoxic conditions postimplantation as a result of one or more of the following: the design of the construct; the environment at the implantation site; or the development of fibrosis around the construct. In this work, we studied the effects of 3- and 4-day-long hypoxic episodes on the metabolic and secretory activities and on the levels of intracellular metabolites detectable by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P NMR) of alginate/poly-L-lysine/alginate entrapped betaTC3 mouse insulinomas continuously perfused with culture medium. Results show that, upon decreasing the oxygen concentration in the surrounding medium, the encapsulated cell system reached a new, lower metabolic and secretory state. Hypoxia drove the cells to a more anaerobic glycolytic metabolism, increased the rates of glucose consumption (GCR) and lactate production (LPR), and reduced the rates of oxygen consumption (OCR) and insulin secretion (ISR). Furthermore, hypoxia reduced the levels of intracellular nucleotide triphosphates (NTP) and phosphorylcholine (PC) and caused a rapid transient increase in inorganic phosphate (P(i)). Upon restoration of the oxygen concentration in the perfusion medium, all parameters returned to their prehypoxic levels within 2 to 3 days following either gradual unidirectional changes (ISR, NTP, PC) or more complicated dynamic patterns (OCR, GCR, LPR). A further increase in oxygen concentration in the perfusion medium drove OCR, ISR, NTP, PC, and P(i) to new, higher levels. It is concluded that (31)P NMR spectroscopy can be used for the prolonged noninvasive monitoring of the bioenergetic changes of encapsulated betaTC3 cells occurring with changes in oxygen tension. The data also indicate that the oxygen-dependent states might be related to the total number of viable, metabolically active cells supported by the particular oxygen level to which the system is exposed. These findings have significant implications in developing and non-invasively monitoring a tissue-engineered bioartificial pancreas based on transformed beta cells, as well as in understanding the biochemical events pertaining to insulin secretion from betaTC3 insulinomas.
A 9-GHz 65-nm Intel® Pentium 4 Processor Integer Execution Unit (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper describes a fourth generation Intel Pentium 4 processor integer execution core operating at 9 GHz in a 1.3-V, 65-nm CMOS technology at 70<formula> <tex>$\,^{\circ} {\hbox {C}}$</tex></formula>. Low-voltage-swing circuits of the 90-nm design are replaced by: 1) 2<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\times$</tex> </formula> frequency fast clock (FCLK)-optimized domino clocking scheme; 2) segmented arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) front-end multiplexer; 3) sparse-tree ALU adder; 4) merged add/subtract sparse-tree address generation unit (AGU) design; 5) speculative <emphasis>RC</emphasis>-delay-optimized rotator; and 6) single-rail L0 cache and alignment multiplexer, resulting in 8.4% reduction in integer core normalized active power and 42% reduction in normalized leakage power. The use of standard domino/static tools and methodologies lowers design complexity, reducing development cost and time. The redesign also reduces integer core thermal density, resulting in an 8<formula><tex>$\,^{\circ} {\hbox {C}}$</tex></formula> reduction in CPU operating temperature. </para>
Unrepeatered 40 Gbit/s RZ transmission over 252km SMF using Ramanamplification (2001)

40 Gbit/s RZ transmission over a record length of 252 km standard singlemode fibre using distributed Raman amplification is reported. The effects of pulsewidth and dispersion compensation are investigated both theoretically and experimentally.
Calculating the rotational friction coefficient of fractal aerosol particles in the transition regime using extended Kirkwood-Riseman theory (2017)

We apply our extended Kirkwood-Riseman theory to compute the translation, rotation, and coupling friction tensors and the scalar rotational friction coefficient for an aerosol fractal aggregate in the transition flow regime. The method can be used for particles consisting of spheres in contact. Our approach considers only the linear velocity of the primary spheres in a rotating aggregate and ignores rotational and coupling interactions between spheres. We show that this simplified approach is within approximately 40% of the true value for any particle for Knudsen numbers between 0.01 and 100. The method is especially accurate (i.e., within about 5%) near the free-molecule regime, where there is little interaction between the particle and the flow field, and for particles with low fractal dimension (≲2) consisting of many spheres, where the average distance between spheres is large and translational interaction effects dominate. Our results suggest that there is a universal relationship between the rotational friction coefficient and an aggregate Knudsen number, defined as the ratio of continuum to free-molecule rotational friction coefficients.
Characterization of natural and biomimetic spider silk fibers (2012)

Spider silk produced by orb-weaving spiders reveals fascinating mechanical properties, in particular, its unique combination of high tensile strength and elasticity, distinguishing it from most other natural or man-made fibers. Here, mechanical characteristics of dragline silk fibers of Araneus diadematus were determined after forcibly silking at varying reeling speeds, humidity, as well as in the presence of water. In comparison, fibers of a recombinant silk protein (eADF3(AQ24NR3)) using solely aqueous solutions was produced. Mechanical properties of these biotech fibers were in the range of other artificial silk fibers made from proteins with comparable molecular weight. Structural investigations by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the ß-sheet content of the biotech fibers is lower and the ß-sheets are less oriented in comparison to native dragline silks. The results suggest that pulling fibers from aqueous solutions in combination with postspin techniques will help to produce artificial silk fibers with mechanical properties for distinct technical or medical applications.
Synthesis of Cationic Manganese Porphyrin Bearing Alkylsulfonio Groups and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activities (2007)

A water-soluble cationic 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis(2-dimethylsulfoniophenyl)-porphinatomanganese(III) ion (MnT2M(2)SuP) and a 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis(4-dimethylsulfoniophenyl)porphinatomanganese(III) ion (MnT4M(2)SuP) were synthesized as superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics which were introduced into PEG-liposome composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and Pluronic F-68 to examine the effect of the liposome on the capacity for use as drug delivery system (DDS) to maintain and perpetuate blood circulation. Fluorescence spectra in pseudo blood circulation experiments indicated that MnT4M(2)SuP continued to be bundled in PEG-liposome, while fluorescence from cross-section of cell observed by confocal laser scanning microscope indicated that PEG-liposome was ingested into a cell. SOD activity was determined by stopped-flow analysis, which allowed the determination of k(cat) values for the reaction of the metalloporphyrins with superoxide anion radical (.O(2)(-)). Solution of PEG-liposome loaded with MnT2M(2)SuP or MnT4M(2)SuP were the most effective catalyst as a SOD mimic to decompose .O(2)(-) at second-order rate constants of 3.5-4.5 x 10(7) M(-1)s(-1).
Psychometric Artificial General Intelligence: The Piaget-MacGuyver Room (2012)

Psychometric AGI (PAGI) is the brand of AGI that anchors AGI science and engineering to explicit tests, by insisting that for an information-processing (i-p) artifact to be rationally judged generally intelligent, creative, wise, and so on, it must pass a suitable, well-defined test of such mental power(s). Under the tent of PAGI, and inspired by prior thinkers, we introduce the Piaget-MacGyver Room (PMR), which is such that, an i-p artifact can credibly be classified as general-intelligent if and only if it can succeed on any test constructed from the ingredients in this room.
A parallelized design for an elliptic curve cryptosystem coprocessor (2005)

In many applications a software implementation of ECC (elliptic curve cryptography) might be inappropriate due to performance requirements, therefore hardware implementations are needed. We present some results about a novel hardware implementation for ECC, that introduces also a form of parallelism to maximize the use of function units and hence to improve the throughput. Then we propose a comprehensive comparison of this new architecture with both some RSA architectures and other ECC implementations in ASIC VLSI technology.
Leveraging web streams for contractual situational awareness in operational BI (2010)

The capability of correlating streaming web data with internal data in near real time gives enterprises a tremendous competitive advantage by enabling them to be aware of external events that can affect their business operations. This situational awareness gives business managers the opportunity to make informed operational decisions before it is too late. SIE-OBI is a platform being developed at HP Labs that responds to this need. In this paper we present an application of SIE-OBI to provide awareness of world events that could affect contractual relationships. We present the main components of the platform architecture and illustrate their functionality in the contractual situational awareness scenario.
Frequency calibration of A/D converter in software GPS receivers (2006)

This paper presents a software-based method to calibrate analog-to-digital converter (ADC) sampling frequency in a software GPS receiver. Two front-end systems of a GPS software receiver were used in this study. The sampling frequencies of the ADC were found deviated from the nominal values provided by the manufacturers. Software algorithm was developed to calibrate the sampling frequencies. The algorithm is based on the initial-code-phase velocity and the carrier-phase velocity of the GPS signals at L1 frequency obtained by software receiver measurements. Allan variance analysis of this frequency characterization method is also included in this study
Critical role for IL‐21 in both primary and memory anti‐viral CD8+ T‐cell responses (2010)

While it is well established that CD8(+) T cells generated in the absence of CD4(+) T cells mediate defective recall responses, the mechanism by which CD4(+) T cells confer help in the generation of CD8(+) T-cell responses remains poorly understood. To determine whether CD4(+) T-cell-derived IL-21 is an important regulator of CD8(+) T-cell responses in help-dependent and -independent viral infections, we examined these responses in the IL-21Rα(-/-) mouse model. We show that IL-21 has a role in primary CD8(+) T-cell responses and in recall CD8(+) T-cell responses in help-dependent viral infections. This effect is due to a direct action of IL-21 in enhancing the proliferation of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells and reducing their TRAIL expression. These findings indicate that IL-21 is an important mediator of CD4(+) T-cell help to CD8(+) T cells.
Increased Expression of CNTF Receptor α in Denervated Human Skeletal Muscle (1998)

The functional receptor for ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is comprised of a CNTF binding entity termed CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFRalpha), and 2 signaling molecules called LIF receptor beta and gp130. CNTFRalpha can be released from the cell surface; the soluble form can confer CNTF responsiveness to cells. CNTFRalpha has recently been localized to several nonneuronal cell types including rat skeletal muscle fibers. In this study we examined the expression pattern of CNTFRalpha in normal, denervated and dystrophic human muscle. In muscle biopsies from 12 normal subjects, 16 cases of neurogenic muscular atrophy, 4 cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and 4 cases of limb girdle dystrophy, CNTFRalpha mRNA levels were determined by Northern blotting. Transcript levels were significantly increased in cases of neurogenic atrophy compared to normal controls and dystrophic muscle. By nonradioactive in situ hybridization, CNTFRalpha transcripts were detected in the sarcoplasm of both normal sized and atrophic muscle fibers. In addition, soluble CNTFRalpha was elevated 4.4-fold in the urine of ALS patients compared to normal adults. These results suggest that the expression of CNTFRalpha in human skeletal muscle fibers is regulated by innervation. This regulation appears to be selective, because CNTFRalpha mRNA was not increased in dystrophic human muscle. Increased CNTFRalpha could confer higher sensitivity to CNTF during neurodegeneration or nerve fiber regeneration.
Development of the Fuel Saving Low Viscosity ATF (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The limits and issues of reducing the viscosity of ATF were studied. The threshold for viscosity reduction at high temperature after shearing was determined through the data from field tests. Base oils and viscosity index improvers were selected to reduce the viscosity at normal temperature as low as possible, maintain the viscosity at high temperature after shearing. This experimental ATF was evaluated on several properties. However, this ATF had problems with the durability of friction materials and bearing fatigue life. Therefore, base oil's viscosity and the type of base oils were optimized to improve these problems. The developed low viscosity ATF showed same performance as conventional viscosity ATFs.&lt;/div&gt;
Metabolic tumour volume on 18F-FDG PET/CT predicts extended pathological T stages in patients with renal cell carcinoma at staging (2021)

We evaluated the predictive value of <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) for extended pathological T (pT) stages (≥ pT3a) in Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients at staging. Thirty-eight RCC patients who underwent <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT at staging, followed by radical nephrectomy between September 2016 and September 2018, were included in this prospective study. Patients were classified into two groups (limited pT stage: stage T1/2, n = 17; extended pT stage: T3/4, n = 21). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify clinicopathological and metabolic variables to predict extended pT stages. <sup>18</sup>F-FDG metabolic parameters were compared in relation to International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade and lymphovascular invasion (LVI). In univariate analysis, maximum standardised uptake value, metabolic tumour volume (MTV), and ISUP grade were significant. In multivariate analysis, MTV was the only significant factor of extended pT stages. With a cut-off MTV of 21.2, an area under the curve was 0.944, which was higher than 0.824 for clinical T stages (p = 0.037). In addition, high MTV, but not tumour size, was significantly correlated with aggressive pathologic features (ISUP grade and LVI). High glycolytic tumour volume on <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT in RCC patients at staging is predictive of extended pT stages which could aid decision-making regarding the best type of surgery.
A MASH Compliant W-Beam Median Guardrail System (2014)

The W-beam median guardrail system is a common guardrail system used by many states as a median barrier in ditches and other median configurations. Unfortunately, the 27-inch design did not pass AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) evaluation criteria in the crash testing program of NCHRP project 22-14(03). In this paper, the researchers modeled and simulated MASH test 3-11 of the 27-inch W-beam median barrier and used the model in the evaluation of a new design of the W-beam median barrier. The simulation indicated that the new 31-inch W-beam median barrier would pass MASH evaluation criteria. Subsequently, MASH tests 3-10 and 3-11 were performed to evaluate the new design. Both tests passed MASH evaluation criteria. Hence, a new MASH complaint W-beam median barrier system is available for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and other state DOTs to utilize as a median guardrail system.
Ultraviolet photosensitive response in an antimony-doped optical fiber (2002)

A silica optical fiber doped with Sb is fabricated with a refractive-index profile that is comparable with standard single-mode fiber. In D(2)-loaded samples, we observe UV photosensitivity with an initial refractive-index-modulation growth rate six times higher than that of the equivalent Ge-doped standard fibers. Enhanced temperature stability of the Bragg grating strength up to 200 degrees C is also observed. Grating growth kinetics in the Sb-doped fiber is compared with those of other Ge-doped photosensitive fibers.
Expression of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Genes in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Reveals Differences between Smokers and Nonsmokers (2007)

Nicotine and its derivatives, by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) on bronchial epithelial cells, can regulate cellular proliferation and apoptosis via activating the Akt pathway. Delineation of nAChR subtypes in non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) may provide information for prevention or therapeutic targeting. Expression of nAChR subunit genes in 66 resected primary NSCLCs, 7 histologically non-involved lung tissues, 13 NSCLC cell lines, and 6 human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBEC) was analyzed with quantitative PCR and microarray analysis. Five nonmalignant HBECs were exposed to nicotine in vitro to study the variation of nAChR subunit gene expression with nicotine exposure and removal. NSCLCs from nonsmokers showed higher expression of nAChR alpha6 (P < 0.001) and beta3 (P = 0.007) subunit genes than those from smokers, adjusted for gender. In addition, nAChR alpha4 (P < 0.001) and beta4 (P = 0.029) subunit gene expression showed significant difference between NSCLCs and normal lung. Using Affymetrix GeneChip U133 Sets, 65 differentially expressed genes associated with NSCLC nonsmoking nAChR alpha6beta3 phenotype were identified, which gave high sensitivity and specificity of prediction. nAChR alpha1, alpha5, and alpha7 showed significant reversible changes in expression levels in HBECs upon nicotine exposure. We conclude that between NSCLCs from smokers and nonsmokers, different nAChR subunit gene expression patterns were found, and a 65-gene expression signature was associated with nonsmoking nAChR alpha6beta3 expression. Finally, nicotine exposure in HBECs resulted in reversible differences in nAChR subunit gene expression. These results further implicate nicotine in bronchial carcinogenesis and suggest targeting nAChRs for prevention and therapy in lung cancer.