gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic trials for long COVID-19: A call to action from the interventions taskforce of the RECOVER initiative (2023)

Although most individuals recover from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, a significant number continue to suffer from Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), including the unexplained symptoms that are frequently referred to as long COVID, which could last for weeks, months, or even years after the acute phase of illness. The National Institutes of Health is currently funding large multi-center research programs as part of its Researching COVID to Enhance Recover (RECOVER) initiative to understand why some individuals do not recover fully from COVID-19. Several ongoing pathobiology studies have provided clues to potential mechanisms contributing to this condition. These include persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antigen and/or genetic material, immune dysregulation, reactivation of other latent viral infections, microvascular dysfunction, and gut dysbiosis, among others. Although our understanding of the causes of long COVID remains incomplete, these early pathophysiologic studies suggest biological pathways that could be targeted in therapeutic trials that aim to ameliorate symptoms. Repurposed medicines and novel therapeutics deserve formal testing in clinical trial settings prior to adoption. While we endorse clinical trials, especially those that prioritize inclusion of the diverse populations most affected by COVID-19 and long COVID, we discourage off-label experimentation in uncontrolled and/or unsupervised settings. Here, we review ongoing, planned, and potential future therapeutic interventions for long COVID based on the current understanding of the pathobiological processes underlying this condition. We focus on clinical, pharmacological, and feasibility data, with the goal of informing future interventional research studies.
Electrical Properties and Microstructure of Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Film In Situ Grown by Hybrid Processing:Sol-Gel Method and Pulsed Laser Deposition (2004)

Highly oriented Pb(Zr x Ti 1- x )O 3 (PZT) thin films were in situ grown on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates by a hybrid process combining the sol-gel method and pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). Crystalline phases and preferred orientation of the PZT films were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. Surface morphology and microstructure were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Electrical properties of the films were evaluated by measuring their P - E hysteresis loops and dielectric constants. The preferred orientation of the films deposited by hybrid processing can be controlled using the layer deposited by the sol-gel method. The deposition temperature required to obtain the perovskite phase in hybrid processing is 460°C, and is significantly lower than that in the case of direct film deposition by PLD on a Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrate. The dielectric constant and remanent polarization of the films in situ deposited at 460°C were approximately 900 and 15 µC/cm 2 , respectively.
A Novel SONOS Memory with HfSiON/Si3N4/HfSiON Stack for Improved Retention (2006)

A novel SONOS device with nitrided hafnium silicate (HfSiON) as top and bottom dielectric, used in memory arrays up to 26kbit, is reported for the first time. Compared with `classical' SONOS, where the nitride-trapping layer is sandwiched between silicon oxide (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sub> ) (Libsch, 1998), these memory arrays show excellent performance, especially for data retention
Microglial Activation During Pathogenesis of Tauopathy in rTg4510 Mice: Implications for the Early Diagnosis of Tauopathy (2018)

Tauopathy is characterized by the fibrillar tau accumulation in neurons and glial cells. In order to advance our understanding of the causative mechanisms of tauopathy, neuroinflammation, which has been suggested to play important roles in disease progression, will require particular attention. Neuroinflammation is characterized predominantly by microglial activation. At present, it is still under debate whether microglial activation is a cause or a result of neurodegeneration. To search for a temporal relationship between neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, our group demonstrated that in vivo imaging (e.g., tau-PET, TSPO-PET, and volumetric MRI) of tauopathy mice strongly supports the evidence of microglial activation along with both pathological tau accumulation and brain atrophy. Both in vivo imaging and histochemical analysis confirmed that microglial TSPO accumulation was the late event during the pathogenesis of tauopathy. On the other hand, it is known that purinergic receptor P2Y12 as a marker of homeostatic microglia cells was reduced at an early stage of disease progression. In this review, we will introduce a phenotypic change of microglia in a mouse model of tauopathy and propose novel approaches to the establishment of imaging biomarkers, thereby targeting the early diagnosis of tauopathy.
The effect of spatial separation in distance on the intelligibility of speech in rooms (2015)

The influence of spatial separation in source distance on speech reception thresholds (SRTs) is investigated. In one scenario, the target was presented at 0.5 m distance, and the masker varied from 0.5 m distance up to 10 m. In a second scenario, the masker was presented at 0.5 m distance and the target distance varied. The stimuli were synthesized using convolution with binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) measured on a dummy head in a reverberant auditorium, and were equalized to compensate for distance-dependent spectral and intensity changes. All sources were simulated directly in front of the listener. SRTs decreased monotonically when the target was at 0.5 m and the speech-masker was moved further away, resulting in a SRT improvement of up to 10 dB. When the speech masker was at 0.5 m and the target was moved away, a large variation across subjects was observed. Neither short-term signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvements nor cross-ear glimpsing could account for the observed improvement in intelligibility. However, the effect might be explained by an improvement in the SNR in the modulation domain and a decrease in informational masking. This study demonstrates that distance-related cues can play a significant role when listening in complex environments.
Careful adjustment of Epo non-viral gene therapy for β-thalassemic anaemia treatment (2008)

This strategy led to efficient, long-lasting and non-toxic treatment of beta-thalassemic mouse anaemia avoiding the deleterious initial hematocrit peak and maintaining a normal hematocrit with small fluctuation amplitude. This repeat delivery protocol of light doses of therapeutic gene could be applied to a wide variety of candidate genes as it leads to therapeutic effect reiterations and increases safety by allowing careful therapeutic adjustments.
Intra-thoracic blood volume assessment by dilution of ultrasound contrast agents (2004)

The blood volume assessment provides important information on the circulatory system condition. Especially the intra-thoracic blood volume (ITBV) is related to the symmetry of the cardiac efficiency. The ITBV measurement, nowadays, is made by use of trans-pulmonary indicator dilution techniques, such as thermo- and dye-dilution. Since catheterization is required, these techniques are very invasive. The tracer is injected into a central vein and detected in the aorta. The detected indicator concentration-versus-time curve is referred to as indicator dilution curve (IDC). The mean transit time (MTT) of the IDC multiplied by the cardiac output (CO) gives the blood volume between the injection site (central vein) and the aorta, i.e., the ITBV plus the average volume of all the cardiac chambers. This paper presents a new non-invasive technique for the measurement of blood volumes in the circulatory system. The tracer is an ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) detected by an ultrasound transducer. The acoustic or video intensity analysis of the B-mode output of ultrasound scanners allows the measurement of UCA IDCs. Several cardiac echo-views permit the measurement of different IDCs from different sites. The blood volume between two different sites is given by the product of the blood flow (CO) times the MTT that the contrast takes to go from the first to the second site. For the ITBV assessment, two IDCs can be measured simultaneously in the right and left side of the heart. The system is validated by in-vitro experimentation. A Sonos 5500 ultrasound scanner is used to detect SonoVue/spl reg/ contrast agent IDCs. The results show very accurate volume measurements with a standard deviation smaller than 4% of the volume for a wide range of flows. Initial in-vivo application of the system in humans shows promising results.
Measurement of cosmic-ray reconstruction efficiencies in the MicroBooNE LArTPC using a small external cosmic-ray counter (2017)

The MicroBooNE detector is a liquid argon time projection chamber at Fermilab designed to study short-baseline neutrino oscillations and neutrino-argon interaction cross-section. Due to its location near the surface, a good understanding of cosmic muons as a source of backgrounds is of fundamental importance for the experiment. We present a method of using an external 0.5 m (L) × 0.5 m (W) muon counter stack, installed above the main detector, to determine the cosmic-ray reconstruction efficiency in MicroBooNE. Data are acquired with this external muon counter stack placed in three different positions, corresponding to cosmic rays intersecting different parts of the detector. The data reconstruction efficiency of tracks in the detector is found to be ϵdata=(97.1±0.1 (stat) ± 1.4 (sys))%, in good agreement with the Monte Carlo reconstruction efficiency ϵMC = (97.4±0.1)%. This analysis represents a small-scale demonstration of the method that can be used with future data coming from a recently installed cosmic-ray tagger system, which will be able to tag ≈80% of the cosmic rays passing through the MicroBooNE detector.
Current Treatment Strategies for Brain Metastasis and Complications From Therapeutic Techniques (2010)

Each year approximately 170,000 patients are diagnosed with brain metastasis in the United States, making this the most common intracranial tumor in adults. Historically, treatment strategies focused on the use of whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for palliation, yielding a median survival time of only 3 to 6 months. The possible effect of WBRT on cognitive function has generated much concern and debate regarding the use of this modality. Thus, the use of WBRT alone, or in conjunction with other treatment modalities should take into account both risks and benefits, to ensure the best patient outcome with regard to disease state and functional status. The advent of technologies permitting local dose-escalation have clearly increased local control rates, and in select patients, even survival, thereby, further intensifying the debate regarding the use of WBRT. Here, we review the use of WBRT, radiosurgery, and resection for the treatment of brain metastases. Further, we will review the use of radiation sensitizers and blood-brain barrier penetrating cytotoxics such as temozolomide. Finally, we will discuss current treatment strategies for possibly maintaining and improving cognitive function for these patients.
Multimodal Randomized Functional MR Imaging of the Effects of Methylene Blue in the Human Brain (2016)

Purpose To investigate the sustained-attention and memory-enhancing neural correlates of the oral administration of methylene blue in the healthy human brain. Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved this prospective, HIPAA-compliant, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, and all patients provided informed consent. Twenty-six subjects (age range, 22-62 years) were enrolled. Functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed with a psychomotor vigilance task (sustained attention) and delayed match-to-sample tasks (short-term memory) before and 1 hour after administration of low-dose methylene blue or a placebo. Cerebrovascular reactivity effects were also measured with the carbon dioxide challenge, in which a 2 × 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed with a drug (methylene blue vs placebo) and time (before vs after administration of the drug) as factors to assess drug × time between group interactions. Multiple comparison correction was applied, with cluster-corrected P < .05 indicating a significant difference. Results Administration of methylene blue increased response in the bilateral insular cortex during a psychomotor vigilance task (Z = 2.9-3.4, P = .01-.008) and functional MR imaging response during a short-term memory task involving the prefrontal, parietal, and occipital cortex (Z = 2.9-4.2, P = .03-.0003). Methylene blue was also associated with a 7% increase in correct responses during memory retrieval (P = .01). Conclusion Low-dose methylene blue can increase functional MR imaging activity during sustained attention and short-term memory tasks and enhance memory retrieval. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
HDAC6 inhibitor WT161 downregulates growth factor receptors in breast cancer (2017)

We have shown that WT-161, a histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor, shows remarkable anti-tumor activity in multiple myeloma (MM) in preclinical models. However, its activity in other type of cancers has not yet been shown. In this study, we further evaluated the biologic sequelae of WT161 in breast cancer cell lines. WT161 triggers apoptotic cell death in MCF7, T47D, BT474, and MDA-MB231 cells, associated with decreased expression of EGFR, HER2, and ERα and downstream signaling. However, HDAC6 knockdown shows that cytotoxicity and destabilization of these receptors triggered by WT161 are not dependent on HDAC6 inhibition. Moreover WT161 analog MAZ1793, which lacks HDAC inhibitory effect, similarly triggers cell line growth inhibition and downregulation of these receptors. We also confirm that WT161 significantly inhibits in vivo MCF7 cell growth, associated with downregulation of ERα, in a murine xenograft model. Finally, WT161 synergistically enhances bortezomib-induced cytotoxicity, even in bortezomib-resistant breast cancer cells. Our results therefore provide the rationale to develop a novel class of therapeutic agents targeting growth pathways central to the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
IMI – Myopia Control Reports Overview and Introduction (2019)

With the growing prevalence of myopia, already at epidemic levels in some countries, there is an urgent need for new management approaches. However, with the increasing number of research publications on the topic of myopia control, there is also a clear necessity for agreement and guidance on key issues, including on how myopia should be defined and how interventions, validated by well-conducted clinical trials, should be appropriately and ethically applied. The International Myopia Institute (IMI) reports the critical review and synthesis of the research evidence to date, from animal models, genetics, clinical studies, and randomized controlled trials, by more than 85 multidisciplinary experts in the field, as the basis for the recommendations contained therein. As background to the need for myopia control, the risk factors for myopia onset and progression are reviewed. The seven generated reports are summarized: (1) Defining and Classifying Myopia, (2) Experimental Models of Emmetropization and Myopia, (3) Myopia Genetics, (4) Interventions for Myopia Onset and Progression, (5) Clinical Myopia Control Trials and Instrumentation, (6) Industry Guidelines and Ethical Considerations for Myopia Control, and (7) Clinical Myopia Management Guidelines.
The Catecholamine, Cortisol, and Hemodynamic Responses to Mild Perioperative Hypothermia (1995)

FRANK, S. M.; HIGGINS, M. S.; BRESLOW, M. J.; FLEISHER, L. A.; GORMAN, R. B.; STCZMANN, J. V.; RAFF, H.; BEATTTE, C. Author Information
The healthy human antibiotic resistome: a multi- body habitat analysis (2016)

Abstract: The human body habitats are home to an array of micro-organisms, and within these microbial ecosystems there is an exchange of genetic material, including antibiotic resistance genes. Recent metagenomic studies revealed that the human gut microbiota is a reservoir of antibiotic resistant genes (the gut resistome). However, little is known about the diversity and abundances of antibiotic resistance genes in other body habitats and how that compares to the gut resistome. By leveraging the most comprehensive human microbiome dataset of healthy adults generated by the human microbiome project, we characterize the human microbiome resistome from four body habitats including gut (stool), oral, anterior nares and vagina. The human resistome was profiled using a metagenomic shotgun sequencing alignment-based approach. By determining the resistome size per individual we found resistance genes distribute distinctly by body sites with certain body habitats being a better reservoirs then others. Furthermore, while resistance classes were incoming among body habitats (e.g. tetracyclin), the specific resistance genes per class were different (e.g. tetM in oral vs tetQ in gut). The profiles of resistance genes (in the body sites with universally present resistance genes) are more similar for the same subjects over time than between subjects at the same time of sampling. Finally, association analysis with sex, age and geography showed certain significant correlation for habitat specific resistance genes. These findings illustrate that the healthy human microbiota in general, beyond the gut microbiota, is a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes. This reservoir may serve as a mobile resistance gene pool that facilitates the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes.
Low power design of turbo decoder module with exploration of energy-performance trade-offs (2001)

Turbo coding has become an attractive scheme for design of current communication systems, providing near optimal bit error rates for data transmission at low signal to noise ratios. However, it is as yet unsuitable for use in mobile systems owing to the high energy consumption of current implementations of the scheme. Due to the data dominated nature of the decoder, a memory organization providing sufficient bandwidth is the main bottleneck for energy. We have developed the Data Transfer and Storage Exploration methodology to optimize and trade off energy consumption and performance. This paper discusses the exploration of the cycle budget versus energy trade-off for the turbo decoder module, which was obtained using our storage cycle budget distribution tool.
Classical algorithms for Forrelation (2021)

We study the forrelation problem: given a pair of $n$-bit Boolean functions $f$ and $g$, estimate the correlation between $f$ and the Fourier transform of $g$. This problem is known to provide the largest possible quantum speedup in terms of its query complexity and achieves the landmark oracle separation between the complexity class BQP and the Polynomial Hierarchy. Our first result is a classical algorithm for the forrelation problem which has runtime $O(n2^{n/2})$. This is a nearly quadratic improvement over the best previously known algorithm. Secondly, we show that quantum query algorithm that makes $t$ queries to an $n$-bit oracle can be simulated by classical query algorithm making only $O(2^{n(1-1/2t)})$ queries. This fixes a gap in the literature arising from a recently discovered critical error in a previous proof; it matches recently established lower bounds (up to $poly(n,t))$ factors) and thus characterizes the maximal separation in query complexity between quantum and classical algorithms. Finally, we introduce a graph-based forrelation problem where $n$ binary variables live at vertices of some fixed graph and the functions $f,g$ are products of terms describing interactions between nearest-neighbor variables. We show that the graph-based forrelation problem can be solved on a classical computer in time $O(n)$ for any bipartite graph, any planar graph, or, more generally, any graph which can be partitioned into two subgraphs of constant treewidth. The graph-based forrelation is simply related to the variational energy achieved by the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) with two entangling layers and Ising-type cost functions. By exploiting the connection between QAOA and the graph-based forrelation we were able to simulate the recently proposed Recursive QAOA with two entangling layers and $225$ qubits on a laptop computer.
Doppler-shifted fluorescence imaging of velocity fields in supersonic reacting flows (1992)

The application of Doppler-shifted fluorescence imaging of velocity fields in supersonic reacting flows is analyzed. Focussing on fluorescence of the OH molecule in typical H2-air Scramjet flows, the effects of uncharacterized variations in temperature, pressure, and collisional partner composition across the measurement plane are examined. Detailed measurements of the (1,0) band OH lineshape variations in H2-air combustions are used, along with single-pulse and time-averaged measurements of an excimer-pumped dye laser, to predict the performance of a model velocimeter with typical Scramjet flow properties. The analysis demonstrates the need for modification and control of the laser bandshape in order to permit accurate velocity measurements in the presence of multivariant flow properties.
High Rate User Ka-Band Phased Array Antenna Test Results (2001)

The High Rate User Phased Array Antenna (HRUPAA) is a Ka-Band planar phased array designed by the Harris Corporation for the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The HRUPAA permits a satellite to downlink data either to a ground station or through the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). The HRUPAA is scanned electronically by ground station / user satellite command over a 120 degree cone angle. The phased array has the advantage of not imparting attitude disturbances to the user spacecraft. The 288-element transmit-only array has distributed RF amplifiers integrated behind each of the printed patch antenna elements. The array has 33 dBW EIRP and is left-hand circularly polarized. An engineering model of a partially populated array has been developed and delivered to NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This report deals with the testing of the engineering model at the Goddard Antenna Range near-field and compact range facilities. The antenna specifications are described first, followed by the test plan and test results.
Calpain cleavage of integrin β cytoplasmic domains (1999)

We showed previously that the calcium-dependent protease, calpain, cleaves the cytoplasmic domain of the integrin beta3 subunit. To investigate whether susceptibility to calpain is a common feature of all integrin beta subunits, and to map calpain cleavage sites in different integrin beta tails, we treated recombinant cytoplasmic domains of integrin beta1A, beta1D, beta2, beta3 and beta7 subunits with purified calpain in vitro. We found that the cytoplasmic domains of all these integrin chains were cleaved by calpain. HPLC followed by mass spectrometry was used to identify calpain cleavage sites. These sites were clustered in the C-terminal half of the integrin beta cytoplasmic domains in regions flanking the two NXXY motifs, suggesting the possibility that the structural framework provided by these motifs is recognized by calpain. We used the knowledge of these cleavage sites to develop cleavage site-specific antibodies and to demonstrate cleavage of the beta1A cytoplasmic domain in intact platelets stimulated with calcium ionophore or thrombin. Thus susceptibility to calpain cleavage is common to integrin beta subunits, can be induced in intact cells, and appears to favor regions surrounding two conserved NXXY motifs.