gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Difference of Components Changes in Salt-Fermented Anchovy, Engraulis japonicus Sauce by Tank Size during Fermentation (2002)

멸치액젓을 소규모 및 대규모 탱크로 나누어 재래식 방법으로 제조하여 실온 (<TEX>$15\~24^{\circ}C$</TEX>)에서 18개월 동안 숙성시키면서 2-3개월 간격으로 식품 성분변화에 대하여 조사하였다. 소규모 및 대규모 탱크 멸치액젓 모두 총질소 및 아미노산성 질소함량, 그리고 ATP 관련물질 총량은 숙성기간에 비례하여 일정하게 증가하였으며, 숙성 6개월 후에는 발효조 크기에 따른 상대적 효소량의 차이로 인해 대규모 탱크 멸치액젓이 소규모 탱크 멸치액젓보다 육의분해속도가 빨라 큰 함량의 차이를 보였지만, 숙성기간이 길어짐에 따라 효소활성의 저하로 18개월 후에는 함량의 차이가 적어졌다. 요산은 원료육에서는 나타나지 랴았지만, 소규모 탱크 멸치액젓은 숙성 8개월 후부터, 대규모 탱크 멸치액젓은 숙성 7개월 후부터 액젓의 ATP 관련물질 중에서 가장 많은 양을 차지하고 있었다 HXR+HX 함량과 요산량이 교차하는 숙성 12.6개월 (소규모 탱크 멸치액젓)과 10.3개월 (대규모 탱크 멸치액젓) 부근은 가용화율이 각각 <TEX>$73\%$</TEX> 및 <TEX>$76\%$</TEX>로 높은 분해율을 보이는 지점이었고, 관능적인 맛과 냄새면에서도 우수한 것으로 나타나 숙성 최적지점인 것으로 추정된다. 18개월간 숙성시킨 소규모 탱크 멸치액젓의 유리아미노산 총량은 8,769.7mg/100mL으로 대규모 탱크 멸치액젓 함량 (9,983.3 mg/100mL)의 <TEX>$88\%$</TEX> 정도였다. 유리아미노산 중 glutamic acid는 숙성기간에 따라 가장 큰 폭으로 증가하여 18개월 후에는 소규모 탱크 멸치액젓에서 그 조성비가 <TEX>$20\%$</TEX>인 1,750.3m조100 mL, 대규모 탱크 멸치 액젓에서는 <TEX>$21\%$</TEX>인 2,100.3 mg/100 mL으로 가장 높았으며, 그 다음이 소규모 탱크 멸치액젓에서는 aspartic acid (<TEX>$12.0\%$</TEX>), alanine (<TEX>$9.4\%$</TEX>), Iysine (<TEX>$8.9\%$</TEX>), valine (<TEX>$7.4\%$</TEX>) 순이었고, 대규모 탱크 멸치액젓에서는 alanine (<TEX>$12.6\%$</TEX>), aspartic acid (<TEX>$11.9\%$</TEX>), valine (<TEX>$6.3\%$</TEX>), Iysine (<TEX>$6.2\%$</TEX>) 등의 순으로 주요 아미노산의 종류는 같지만 조성순이 달랐다. 그리고, 액젓의 색도는 대규모 탱크 멸치액젓이 소규모 탱크 멸치액젓보다 숙성기간을 통하여 그 값이 높았다 To investigate difference of components changes in salt-fermented anchovy, Engaulis japonicus sauce during 18 months fermentation by tank size, various chemical properties were examined at 2<TEX>$\~$</TEX>3 months intervals. The contents of total and amino nitrogen, total ATP related compounds increased gradually during 18 months of fermentation, and showed higher content in salt-fermented anchor sauce produced by large tank scale (LTS) product than those of small tank scale (STS) product during fermentation. Hypoxanthine and uric acid were the most abundant in ATP related compounds, ranging from <TEX>$81.1\%$</TEX> to <TEX>$90.4\%$</TEX>, The cross point of inosine (HxR) + hypoxanthine (Hx) and uric acid was faster in LTS with 10.3 months fermentation than in STS with 12.6 months fermentation. After 18month of fermentation, the LTS was rich in free amino acids, such as glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, valine, Iysine in that order. On the other hand, the STS was rich in free amino acids, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, vsine, valine in that order. Absorbance at 453 nm were higher in STS than in STS, but was no difference the rate of increase during fermentation.
Data from Antitumor and Antiangiogenic Activities of BMS-690514, an Inhibitor of Human EGF and VEGF Receptor Kinase Families (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The extensive involvement of the HER kinases in epithelial cancer suggests that kinase inhibitors targeting this receptor family have the potential for broad spectrum antitumor activity. BMS-690514 potently inhibits all three HER kinases, and the VEGF receptor kinases. This report summarizes data from biochemical and cellular pharmacology studies, as well as antitumor activity of BMS-690514.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The potency and selectivity of BMS-690514 was evaluated by using an extensive array of enzymatic and binding assays, as well as cellular assays that measure proliferation and receptor signaling. Antitumor activity was evaluated by using multiple xenograft models that depend on HER kinase signaling. The antiangiogenic properties of BMS-690514 were assessed in a matrigel plug assay, and effect on tumor blood flow was measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; BMS-690514 is a potent and selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2, and HER4, as well as the VEGF receptor kinases. It inhibits proliferation of tumor cells with potency that correlates with inhibition of receptor signaling, and induces apoptosis in lung tumor cells that have an activating mutation in EGFR. Antitumor activity was observed with BMS-690514 at multiple doses that are well tolerated in mice. There was evidence of suppression of tumor angiogenesis and endothelial function by BMS-690514, which may contribute to its efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; By combining inhibition of two receptor kinase families, BMS-690524 is a novel targeted agent that disrupts signaling in the tumor and its vasculature. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(12); 4031–41. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Figure 1 from Nuclear Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Is a Functional Molecular Target in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 3969K, Supplemental Figure 1. Therapeutic inhibition of SFKs can block nEGFR translocation in colorectal tumor models.&lt;/p&gt;
Centralized and Decentralized Cache-Aided Interference Management in\n Heterogeneous Parallel Channels (2018)

We consider the problem of cache-aided interference management in a network\nconsisting of $K_{\\mathrm{T}}$ single-antenna transmitters and $K_{\\mathrm{R}}$\nsingle-antenna receivers, where each node is equipped with a cache memory.\nTransmitters communicate with receivers over two heterogenous parallel\nsubchannels: the P-subchannel for which transmitters have perfect instantaneous\nknowledge of the channel state, and the N-subchannel for which the transmitters\nhave no knowledge of the instantaneous channel state. Under the assumptions of\nuncoded placement and separable one-shot linear delivery over the two\nsubchannels, we characterize the optimal degrees-of-freedom (DoF) to within a\nconstant multiplicative factor of $2$. We extend the result to a decentralized\nsetting in which no coordination is required for content placement at the\nreceivers. In this case, we characterize the optimal one-shot linear DoF to\nwithin a factor of $3$.\n
Hybrid Dielectric Metasurfaces: From Strong Light-Matter Interaction to Extreme Nonlinearities (2019)

We experimentally demonstrate strong coupling between Mie modes of dielectric resonators in a metasurface and intersubband transitions in semiconductor quantum wells that are embedded inside the resonator. The ability to achieve such light-matter coupling creates the possibility to realize ultrathin nonlinear optical devices that are free from complex phase matching requirements and have very high nonlinear conversion efficiencies.
Satyam: Democratizing Groundtruth for Machine Vision (2018)

The democratization of machine learning (ML) has led to ML-based machine vision systems for autonomous driving, traffic monitoring, and video surveillance. However, true democratization cannot be achieved without greatly simplifying the process of collecting groundtruth for training and testing these systems. This groundtruth collection is necessary to ensure good performance under varying conditions. In this paper, we present the design and evaluation of Satyam, a first-of-its-kind system that enables a layperson to launch groundtruth collection tasks for machine vision with minimal effort. Satyam leverages a crowdtasking platform, Amazon Mechanical Turk, and automates several challenging aspects of groundtruth collection: creating and launching of custom web-UI tasks for obtaining the desired groundtruth, controlling result quality in the face of spammers and untrained workers, adapting prices to match task complexity, filtering spammers and workers with poor performance, and processing worker payments. We validate Satyam using several popular benchmark vision datasets, and demonstrate that groundtruth obtained by Satyam is comparable to that obtained from trained experts and provides matching ML performance when used for training.
Psychiatric genetics and genomics (2003)

Edited by Peter McGuffin Michael J Owen, and Irving J Gottesman. Published by Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002, pp 472, £65.00. ISBN 0-19-263148-9

At all turns we can less and less speak of medicine without qualifying it with the term molecular. Our genetic underpinnings and their consequences have assumed their rightful place as extremely important factors in the pathophysiology of most disease—in fact it sometimes seems nearly all disease. In (arguably) the current bible of molecular medicine,1 Barton Childs argues, to my mind convincingly, that the future general textbook of …
Effect of Intracoronary Delivery of Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells 2 to 3 Weeks Following Acute Myocardial Infarction on Left Ventricular Function (2011)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00684060.
TrustGuard (2005)

Reputation systems have been popular in estimating the trustworthiness and predicting the future behavior of nodes in a large-scale distributed system where nodes may transact with one another without prior knowledge or experience. One of the fundamental challenges in distributed reputation management is to understand vulnerabilities and develop mechanisms that can minimize the potential damages to a system by malicious nodes. In this paper, we identify three vulnerabilities that are detrimental to decentralized reputation management and propose TrustGuard - a safeguard framework for providing a highly dependable and yet efficient reputation system. First, we provide a dependable trust model and a set of formal methods to handle strategic malicious nodes that continuously change their behavior to gain unfair advantages in the system. Second, a transaction based reputation system must cope with the vulnerability that malicious nodes may misuse the system by flooding feedbacks with fake transactions. Third, but not least, we identify the importance of filtering out dishonest feedbacks when computing reputation-based trust of a node, including the feedbacks filed by malicious nodes through collusion. Our experiments show that, comparing with existing reputation systems, our framework is highly dependable and effective in countering malicious nodes regarding strategic oscillating behavior, flooding malevolent feedbacks with fake transactions, and dishonest feedbacks.
A versatile rail to rail current mode instrumentation amplifier with an embedded band-pass filter for bio-potential signal conditioning (2013)

A novel ultra low power, area-efficient, current-mode instrumentation amplifier (CMIA) with embedded bandpass filter, for acquisition of bio-potential signals is presented. A novel bias front-end is also presented, which achieves CMRR of 195dB at 1Hz in the presence of ±5% component mismatch. The CMIA has a tunable bandwidth, from 160Hz to 7.2kHz with input referred rms noise of 2.24 µV in frequency band of 5mHz to 160Hz. The CMIA is designed in 180nm mixed-mode CMOS technology and provides rail to rail output voltage of 1.65V(p-p) while dissipating 39 µW, at 1.8V supply voltage. The output of CMIA doesn't need any further signal conditioning.
FPGA-Based Solid-State Drive Prototyping Platform (2011)

NAND flash memory has been widely used for data storage due to its high density, high throughput, low cost, and low power. However, as flash memory manufacturers scale to smaller process technologies and store more bits per cell, the reliability and endurance of flash memory are decreasing. Wear-leveling and error correction coding can significantly improve both reliability and endurance, but finding effective algorithms requires quick and accurate characterization of flash memory error patterns. To this end, we have designed and implemented an FPGA-based open framework for quick, accurate, and comprehensive characterization of flash memories. Using this framework, we characterized detailed error patterns of flash memory throughout its entire lifetime. Our implementation uses an error accelerator block to decrease the test time by 20x. Based on these results, we propose and evaluate a smart bad block management policy in flash translation layer to increase SSD lifetime by up to 51%.
Staged management of a congenital nevus of the breast and abdomen presenting in a female infant (2006)

The management of congenital melanocytic nevi is controversial. The authors describe their management of a congenital nevus covering the breast and abdomen of a one-month-old girl over a 16-year period. To prevent damage to the developing breast, a staged approach was used. The nevus over the abdomen was resected first at six years of age and the remaining portion was removed after breast development was complete at 16 years of age. The breast defect was resurfaced with a full thickness skin graft from the groin. The patient was pleased with the postoperative result. This staged approach allowed an optimized aesthetic result.
Modelling of Cu2ZnSnSe4-CdS-ZnO thin film solar cell (2017)

We present a device model for the Cu2ZnSnSe4-CdS-ZnO solar cell with a total area efficiency of 9.7% reported in 2013 (Brammertz et al 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 163904). The simulations were performed using SCAPS program. In the device model, we reproduce rigorously the full range of layers and device properties estimated experientially using various characterization techniques. We include in the device model barriers at the back contact and the absorber/buffer interfaces, the photo-doped CdS buffer layer and defect states at the CdS/ZnO interface. A perfect match with the electrical behaviors of the solar cell are obtained, including light and dark current voltage, quantum efficiency, open circuit voltage (VOC) versus temperature and capacitance measurements. We show as well that interface recombination does not have an impact on the VOC deficit but partially reduces the short circuit current and the fill factor and that the main electrical limitations are due to the presence of tail states and electrostatic potential fluctuations in the CZTSe material leading to a decrease in the band gap and an increase of radiative recombination by tow orders.
Miniature Bipolar Electrostatic Ion Thruster (2006)

The figure presents a concept of a bipolar miniature electrostatic ion thruster for maneuvering a small spacecraft. The ionization device in the proposed thruster would be a 0.1-micron-thick dielectric membrane with metal electrodes on both sides. Small conical holes would be micromachined through the membrane and electrodes. An electric potential of the order of a volt applied between the membrane electrodes would give rise to an electric field of the order of several mega-volts per meter in the submicron gap between the electrodes. An electric field of this magnitude would be sufficient to ionize all the molecules that enter the holes. In a thruster-based on this concept, one or more propellant gases would be introduced into such a membrane ionizer. Unlike in larger prior ion thrusters, all of the propellant molecules would be ionized. This thruster would be capable of bipolar operation. There would be two accelerator grids - one located forward and one located aft of the membrane ionizer. In one mode of operation, which one could denote the forward mode, positive ions leaving the ionizer on the backside would be accelerated to high momentum by an electric field between the ionizer and an accelerator grid. Electrons leaving the ionizer on the front side would be ejected into free space by a smaller accelerating field. The equality of the ion and electron currents would eliminate the need for an additional electron- or ion-emitting device to keep the spacecraft charge-neutral. In another mode of operation, which could denote the reverse mode, the polarities of the voltages applied to the accelerator grids and to the electrodes of the membrane ionizer would be the reverse of those of the forward mode. The reversal of electric fields would cause the ion and electrons to be ejected in the reverse of their forward mode directions, thereby giving rise to thrust in the direction opposite that of the forward mode.
Extracellular Electron Transfer by Shewanella oneidensis Controls Palladium Nanoparticle Phenotype (2018)

The relative scarcity of well-defined genetic and metabolic linkages to material properties impedes biological production of inorganic materials. The physiology of electroactive bacteria is intimately tied to inorganic transformations, which makes genetically tractable and well-studied electrogens, such as Shewanella oneidensis, attractive hosts for material synthesis. Notably, this species is capable of reducing a variety of transition-metal ions into functional nanoparticles, but exact mechanisms of nanoparticle biosynthesis remain ill-defined. We report two key factors of extracellular electron transfer by S. oneidensis, the outer membrane cytochrome, MtrC, and soluble redox shuttles (flavins), that affect Pd nanoparticle formation. Changes in the expression and availability of these electron transfer components drastically modulated particle synthesis rate and phenotype, including their structure and cellular localization. These relationships may serve as the basis for biologically tailoring Pd nanoparticle catalysts and could potentially be used to direct the biogenesis of other metal nanomaterials.
Jammer Sensing and Performance Analysis of MC-CDMA Ultrawideband Systems in the Presence of a Wideband Jammer (2018)

Jamming, either intentional or unintentional, is a big, and increasingly prevalent, problem for many wireless communications systems. A well-known countermeasure is the application of spread spectrum techniques that spread the information over a bandwidth possibly larger than that of the jammer thereby exploiting processing gain for jammer suppression; an especially attractive spreading technique is multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA), due to its flexibility to shape transmit spectra, resilience to inter-symbol interference, and ease of implementation. Such spreading needs to be combined with spectral notching at the receiver RF frontend, to avoid saturation of the low-noise amplifiers. Such notching, in turn, requires the receiver to sense the band over which the jammer is operating. In this paper, we consider an MC-CDMA transceiver that is being jammed by a wideband non-stationary jammer. For a Rayleigh fading channel, we derive the symbol error rate for the case that the jammer parameters are available at the receiver. We derive the Maximum-Likelihood-based and Log-Likelihood Ratio-based jammer parameter estimators for both the case where channel state information is available during jammer sensing and when it is not. The performance of various jammer parameter estimation schemes is studied using Monte Carlo simulations and with the channel impulse responses collected from the wireless propagation measurements conducted in the 10-12 GHz band.
A genetic characterization of the nadC gene of Salmonella typhimurium. (1991)

The nadC gene of Salmonella encodes the pyridine biosynthetic enzyme PRPP-quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase. Using a combination of genetic techniques, a deletion map for the Salmonella nadC gene has been generated which includes over 100 point mutants and 18 deletion intervals. The nadC alleles obtained by hydroxylamine mutagenesis include those suppressed by either amber, ochre, or UGA nonsense suppressors as well as alleles suppressed by the missense suppressor, sumA. Deletions were obtained by three separate protocols including spontaneous selection for loss of the nearby aroP gene, recombination between aroP::MudA and nadC::MudA insertion alleles, and selection for spontaneous loss of tetracycline resistance in a nearby guaC::Tn10dTc insertion mutant allele. The nadC mutants comprise one complementation group and the nadC+ allele is dominant to simple, nadC auxotrophic mutant alleles. Intragenic complementation of two nadC alleles, nadC493 and nadC494, mapping to deletion intervals 17 and 18, respectively, suggests that nadC encodes a multimeric enzyme. Both nadC and the nearby aroP locus are transcribed counterclockwise on the standard genetic map of Salmonella, in opposite orientation to the direction of chromosome replication.
Beyond Amphiphilic Balance: Changing Subunit Stereochemistry Alters the Pore-Forming Activity of Nylon-3 Polymers (2021)

Amphiphilic nylon-3 polymers have been reported to mimic the biological activities of natural antimicrobial peptides, with high potency against bacteria and minimal toxicity toward eukaryotic cells. Amphiphilic balance, determined by the proportions of hydrophilic and lipophilic subunits, is considered one of the most important features for achieving this activity profile for nylon-3 polymers and many other antimicrobial polymers. Insufficient hydrophobicity often correlates with weak activities against bacteria, whereas excessive hydrophobicity correlates with high toxicity toward eukaryotic cells. To ask whether factors beyond amphiphilic balance influence polymer activities, we synthesized and evaluated new nylon-3 polymers with two stereoisomeric subunits, each bearing an ethyl side chain and an aminomethyl side chain. Subunits that differ only in stereochemistry are predicted to contribute equally to amphiphilic balance, but we observed that the stereochemical difference correlates with significant changes in biological activity profile. Antibacterial activities were not strongly affected by subunit stereochemistry, but the ability to disrupt eukaryotic cell membranes varied considerably. Experiments with planar lipid bilayers and synthetic liposomes suggested that eukaryotic membrane disruption results from polymer-mediated formation of large pores. Collectively, our results suggest that factors other than amphiphilic balance influence the membrane activity profile of synthetic polymers. Subunits that differ in stereochemistry are likely to have distinct conformational propensities, which could potentially lead to differences in the average shapes of polymer chains, even when the subunits are heterochiral. These findings highlight a dimension of polymer design that should be considered more broadly in efforts to improve specificity and efficacy of antimicrobial polymers.
Curated genome annotation ofOryza sativassp.japonicaand comparative genome analysis withArabidopsis thaliana (2007)

We present here the annotation of the complete genome of rice Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica cultivar Nipponbare. All functional annotations for proteins and non-protein-coding RNA (npRNA) candidates were manually curated. Functions were identified or inferred in 19,969 (70%) of the proteins, and 131 possible npRNAs (including 58 antisense transcripts) were found. Almost 5000 annotated protein-coding genes were found to be disrupted in insertional mutant lines, which will accelerate future experimental validation of the annotations. The rice loci were determined by using cDNA sequences obtained from rice and other representative cereals. Our conservative estimate based on these loci and an extrapolation suggested that the gene number of rice is approximately 32,000, which is smaller than previous estimates. We conducted comparative analyses between rice and Arabidopsis thaliana and found that both genomes possessed several lineage-specific genes, which might account for the observed differences between these species, while they had similar sets of predicted functional domains among the protein sequences. A system to control translational efficiency seems to be conserved across large evolutionary distances. Moreover, the evolutionary process of protein-coding genes was examined. Our results suggest that natural selection may have played a role for duplicated genes in both species, so that duplication was suppressed or favored in a manner that depended on the function of a gene.