gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Symbol-Level Precoding for the Nonlinear Multiuser MISO Downlink Channel (2017)

This paper investigates the problem of the interference among multiple simultaneous transmissions in the downlink channel of a multiantenna wireless system. A symbol-level precoding scheme is considered, in order to exploit the multiuser interference and transform it into useful power at the receiver side, through a joint utilization of the data information and the channel state information. In this context, this paper presents novel strategies that exploit the potential of symbol-level precoding to control the per-antenna instantaneous transmit power. In particular, the power peaks among the transmitting antennas and the instantaneous power imbalances across the different transmitted streams are minimized. These objectives are particularly relevant with respect to the nonlinear amplitude and phase distortions induced by the per-antenna amplifiers, which are important sources of performance degradation in practical systems. More specifically, this paper proposes two different symbol-level precoding approaches. The first approach performs a weighted per-antenna power minimization, under quality-of-service constraints and under a lower bound constraint on the per-antenna transmit power. The second strategy performs a minimization of the spatial peak-to-average power ratio, evaluated among the transmitting antennas. Numerical results are presented in a comparative fashion to show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques, which outperform the state-of-the-art symbol-level precoding schemes in terms of spatial peak-to-average power ratio, spatial dynamic range, and symbol error rate over nonlinear channels.
Neutrino Astrophysics with the Pierre Auger Observatory (2011)

As more than 90% of species in a microbial community could not be isolated and cultivated, the metagenomic methods have become one of the most important methods to analyze microbial community as a whole. With the fast accumulation of metagenomic samples and the advance of next-generation sequencing techniques, it is now possible to qualitatively and quantitatively assess all taxa (features) in a microbial community. A set of taxa with presence/absence or their different abundances could potentially be used as taxonomical biomarkers for identification of the corresponding microbial community's phenotype. Though there exist some bioinformatics methods for metagenomic biomarker discovery, current methods are not robust, accurate and fast enough at selection of non-redundant biomarkers for prediction of microbial community's phenotype. In this study, we have proposed a novel method, MetaBoot, that combines the techniques of mRMR (minimal redundancy maximal relevance) and bootstrapping, for discover of non-redundant biomarkers for microbial communities through mining of metagenomic data. MetaBoot has been tested and compared with other methods on well-designed simulated datasets considering normal and gamma distribution as well as publicly available metagenomic datasets. Results have shown that MetaBoot was robust across datasets of varied complexity and taxonomical distribution patterns and could also select discriminative biomarkers with quite high accuracy and biological consistency. Thus, MetaBoot is suitable for robustly and accurately discover taxonomical biomarkers for different microbial communities.
Differential carrier lifetime in oxide-confined vertical cavity lasers obtained from electrical impedance measurements (1999)

Differential carrier lifetime measurements were performed on index-guided oxide-confined vertical cavity surface emitting lasers operating at 980 nm. Lifetimes were extracted from laser impedance measurements at subthreshold currents, with device size as a parameter, using a simple small-signal model. The carrier lifetimes ranged from 21 ns at 9 μA, to about 1 ns at a bias close to threshold. For a 6×6 μm2 oxide aperture device the threshold carrier density was nth∼2×1018 cm−3. The effect of carrier diffusion was also considered. An ambipolar diffusion coefficient of D∼11 cm2 s−1 was obtained.
Exploring New York in 8K (2019)

Adapting and tiling the streaming of virtual reality (VR) video content has the potential to reduce the ultra-high bandwidth requirements of this type of multimedia services. Towards that goal, the optimization of a number of aspects is currently actively being researched. Novel rate adaptation heuristics, sophisticated viewport prediction algorithms and streaming protocol optimizations have proven their value to improve certain aspect of the VR streaming chain. However, the interplay between all these different optimizations as well as their tradeoff has not yet been explored in an experimental playground. The purpose of this demonstrator is to provide a full end-to-end adaptive tile-based VR video streaming system where each of the optimization aspects can be tuned with and their effect illustrated on-site.
Increase of Nitrogenase Activity in the Blue-Green Alga Nostoc muscorum (Cyanobacterium) (1980)

Preincubation of the blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) Nostoc muscorum under hydrogen or argon (nongrowing conditions, neither CO(2) nor N(2) or bound nitrogen present) in the light resulted in a two- to fourfold increase of light-induced hydrogen evolution and a 30% increase of acetylene reduction. Preincubation under the same gases in the dark led to a decrease of both activities. Cultivation of algae under a hydrogen-containing atmosphere (N(2), H(2), CO(2)) increased neither hydrogen nor ethylene evolution by the cells. Formation of both ethylene and hydrogen is due to nitrogenase activity, which apparently was induced by the absence of N(2) or bound nitrogen and not by the presence of hydrogen. Inhibitors of protein biosynthesis prevented the increase of nitrogenase activity. Hydrogen uptake by the cells was almost unaffected under all of these conditions. With either ammonia or chloramphenicol present, nitrogenase activity decreased under growing conditions (i.e., an atmosphere of N(2) and CO(2)). The kinetics of decrease were the same with ammonia or chloramphenicol, which was interpreted as being due to rapid protein breakdown with a half-life of approximately 4 h. The decay of nitrogenase activity caused by chloramphenicol could be counteracted by nitrogenase-inducing conditions, i.e., by the absence of N(2) or bound nitrogen. A cell-free system from preconditioned algae with an adenosine 5'-triphosphate-generating system exhibited the same increase or decrease of nitrogenase activity as the intact cell filaments, indicating that this effect resided in the nitrogenase complex only. We tentatively assume that not the whole nitrogenase complex, but merely a subunit or a special protein with regulatory function, is susceptible to fast turnover.
Mutant polycystin-2 induces proliferation in primary rat tubular epithelial cells in a STAT-1/p21-independent fashion accompanied instead by alterations in expression of p57KIP2and Cdk2 (2008)

Our results indicate the probable involvement of p57KIP2 on epithelial cell proliferation in ADPKD implicating a new mechanism for mutant polycystin-2 induced proliferation. Most importantly, contrary to previous studies, abnormal proliferation in cells expressing mutant polycystin-2 appears to be independent of STAT-1/p21.
Applications of polarization camera technology (1995)

Significant developments in polarization camera technology have led to a number of practical outdoor and underwater image understanding applications for polarization vision. With these cameras, humans now have a comprehensive sensory view of a whole new visual domain, which may be as much of an extension to conventional vision as color vision is to intensity vision.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Combined View of Future Systems (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Applications and Services IP-based Communication Subsystem Access Network Development of Reconfigurability and Cognitive Wireless Networks Other End-to-end Aspects Summary and Conclusion Acknowledgements References
1 MILLION Q-FACTOR DEMONSTRATED ON MICRO-GLASSBLOWN FUSED SILICA WINEGLASS RESONATORS WITH OUT-OF-PLANE ELECTROSTATIC TRANSDUCTION (2014)

In this paper, for the first time, we report Q-factor over 1 million, on both modes, and high frequency symmetry (f /f ) of 132 ppm on wafer-level micro-glassblown 3-D fused silica wineglass resonators at a compact size of 7 mm diameter and center frequency of 105 kHz. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time, out-ofplane capacitive transduction on MEMS wineglass resonators. High Q-factor is enabled by a high aspect ratio, self-aligned glassblown stem structure, careful surface treatment of the perimeter area, and low internal loss fused silica material. Electrostatic transduction is enabled by detecting the spatial deformation of the 3-D wineglass structure using a new out-of-plane electrode architecture. To the best of our knowledge, work presented in this paper is the highest reported Q-factor on a degenerate mode device at 7 mm diameter or smaller. Micro-glassblowing may enable batch-fabrication of high performance fused silica wineglass gyroscopes at a significantly lower cost than their precision-machined macro-scale counterparts.
Drugs to Enhance the Therapeutic Potency of Anticancer Antibodies: Antibody—Drug Conjugates as Tumor-Activated Prodrugs (2001)

The development of disease-fighting agents will be increasingly based on information from the genomic analysis of healthy and diseased cells. In cancer this information will eventually lead to the discovery of somatic mutations that led to the generation of tumorigenic cells and the appearance of neoplasias. This will spur the development of treatments directed towards these funadamental tumorigenic mechanisms. Today, genomic analysis of cancer tissues has already yielded biological markers for cancers, such as proteins that are preferentially or exclusively expressed on cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies can be generated to recognize and specifically bind to these cancer markers. If the markers are expressed on the surface of the cancer cells, monoclonal antibodies administered to a patient will travel to the tumor and accumulate at the tumor through their binding. This can be exploited for the specific delivery of cell-killing drugs in form of covalently linked antibody-drug conjugates. Such antibody-drug conjugates are the most rapid way of converting today's genomic information into specific anti-cancer treatments. The principles guiding the preparation of antibody-drug conjugates, the generation of effective conjugates, and the current development status are discussed.
Evaluation of Protein Kinase Inhibitors with PLK4 Cross-Over Potential in a Pre-Clinical Model of Cancer (2019)

Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a cell cycle-regulated protein kinase (PK) recruited at the centrosome in dividing cells. Its overexpression triggers centrosome amplification, which is associated with genetic instability and carcinogenesis. In previous work, we established that PLK4 is overexpressed in pediatric embryonal brain tumors (EBT). We also demonstrated that PLK4 inhibition exerted a cytostatic effect in EBT cells. Here, we examined an array of PK inhibitors (CFI-400945, CFI-400437, centrinone, centrinone-B, R-1530, axitinib, KW-2449, and alisertib) for their potential crossover to PLK4 by comparative structural docking and activity inhibition in multiple established embryonal tumor cell lines (MON, BT-12, BT-16, DAOY, D283). Our analyses demonstrated that: (1) CFI-400437 had the greatest impact overall, but similar to CFI-400945, it is not optimal for brain exposure. Also, their phenotypic anti-cancer impact may, in part, be a consequence of the inhibition of Aurora kinases (AURKs). (2) Centrinone and centrinone B are the most selective PLK4 inhibitors but they are the least likely to penetrate the brain. (3) KW-2449, R-1530 and axitinib are the ones predicted to have moderate-to-good brain penetration. In conclusion, a new selective PLK4 inhibitor with favorable physiochemical properties for optimal brain exposure can be beneficial for the treatment of EBT.
Aqueous Phase Reforming of Glycerol Over the Pd Loaded Ni/Al2O3 Catalysts (2011)

Bifunctional catalysts containing (0.5-1.5 wt%) palladium and 15 wt% of Nickel supported on gamma-Al2O3 were prepared via an impregnation technique and catalysts were characterzed by XRD BET surface area and SEM, respectively. The aqueous phase reforming of glycerol (APR) was conducted over alumina-supported catalysts at different reaction conditions for catalytic activity. Finally, we concluded that the 1.0 wt% Pd 15 wt% Ni/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst evidences higher conversion, hydrogen selectivity, lower alkane selectivity and CO production. This indicate that Pd loaded Ni/gamma-Al2O3 could be a potential catalyst for the APR of glycerol.
Four-Dimensional Microscope-Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography Guidance in a Model Eye Subretinal Surgery (2019)

PURPOSE: Subretinal delivery of stem cells and gene therapy vectors hold great promise in clinical care. Delivery techniques are evolving. We investigate the utility of 4-dimensional (volumes over time) microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (4D-MIOCT) to guide such maneuvers. METHODS: This investigational 4D-MIOCT system displayed heads-up cross-sectional and stereoscopic volumetric views through the microscope oculars at 3.3–10 volumes/second. In enucleated porcine eyes, we evaluated novel information available to the surgeon during subretinal: 1) injection of fluid and cell suspensions, 2) retinotomy creation, 3) insertion of membranes with a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell monolayer and 4) subretinal instrument maneuvers, all in postmortem porcine eyes. RESULTS: Interactions between tools, membranes, retina and RPE were often not detectable on the conventional microscope view but were obvious with 4D-MIOCT. 4D-MIOCT visualization was essential to: monitor the extent of induced retinal detachment, guide the cannula tip and instrument maneuvers in the subretinal space, and identify efflux of cells into the vitreous cavity. This allowed adjustment by the surgeon to avoid complications—e.g. scissors scraping RPE. CONCLUSIONS: 4D-MIOCT is useful for continuous monitoring of model subretinal surgery and may help avoid technique-related complications. 4D-MIOCT can contribute to the advancement of subretinal delivery of therapies under development.
Abstract LB198: Inhibition of the RAC Activator VAV3 by the small molecule IODVA1 impedes RAC signaling & overcomes resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibition in lymphoblastic leukemia (2021)

Abstract Aberrant activation of RHO guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) is a chief mechanism driving abnormal activation of their RhoGTPase targets in transformation and tumorigenesis. Consequently, a small molecule inhibitor of RhoGEF activities can be used as an anti-cancer drug. Herein, we used cellular, mouse, and humanized models of RAC-dependent BCR-ABL1-driven and Ph-like lymphoblastic leukemia to identify VAV3, a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent RacGEF, as the target of the small molecule IODVA1. We show that IODVA1 binds tightly to VAV3, inhibits RAC activation and signaling, and increases pro-apoptotic activity in BCR-ABL1-transformed cells only. Consistent with this mechanism of action, both VAV3-deficient leukemic cells and mouse models of BCR-ABL1 leukemia do not respond to IODVA1. IODVA1 eradicates leukemic propagating activity of TKI-resistant BCR-ABL1(T315I) B-ALL cells after treatment withdrawal by decreasing RAC signaling in vivo. Importantly, IODVA1 is superior to standard of care dasatinib and ponatinib at prolonging the survival of PDX models of relapsed pediatric Ph+ and TKI-resistant Ph+ B-ALL with commonly found genetic mutations especially after treatment withdrawal. Cells representing pediatric ALL patients with diverse genetic lesions are highly sensitive to IODVA1 ex vivo and this sensitivity is VAV3-dependent. IODVA1 thus spearheads a novel class of drugs that inhibits a RacGEF and holds promise as an anti-tumor therapeutic agent. Citation Format: Nicolas N. Nassar, Shailaja Hegde, Kark Wunderlich, Yuan Lin, Reza Ahmadian, William Seibel, Yi Zheng, Benjamin E. Mizukawa, Lisa Privette Vinnedge, Jose A. Cancelas. Inhibition of the RAC Activator VAV3 by the small molecule IODVA1 impedes RAC signaling &amp; overcomes resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibition in lymphoblastic leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB198.
Transient processes in AlGaN/GaN heterostructurefield effect transistors (2000)

The authors report on the correlation between transient behaviour and 1/f noise in GaN/AlGaN heterostructure field effect transistors (HFETs) and novel GaN/AlGaN metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field effect transistors (MOS-HFETs). When the HFETs were switched from the OFF to ON position, they exhibited non-exponential transient processes with characteristic times from 10-7 to 10-2 s. The transient behaviour correlated with the level of 1/f noise. MOS-HFETs fabricated on the same wafer as the HFETs did not exhibit such a transient (within the time resolution of the measurement setup, which was a few nanoseconds).
Can Single‐Chain Perfluoroalkylated Amphiphiles Alone Form Vesicles and Other Organized Supramolecular Systems? (1993)

Yes indeed, and without resorting to steric effects or intermolecular interactions, is the answer to the question in the title. With the amphiphile 1, organized systems such as stacked biiayers, vesicles (picture shown right), globules, and long fibers can be formed, depending on the conditions of preparation. As the comparison with the hydrocarbon analogue of 1 shows, this result is attributed exclusively to hydrophobic interactions in the surfacant layer.
Potent cytotoxic effects of Calomeria amaranthoides on ovarian cancers (2011)

For the first time both crude plant extract from Calomeria amaranthoides and EPD have been shown to have potent anti-cancer effects against ovarian cancer.
Optical Mitigation of Inter-Channel Crosstalk for Multiple Spectrally Overlapped 40-Gbit/s QPSK WDM Channels using Nonlinear Wave Mixing (2018)

Using an all-optical method and without multi-channel detection, the inter-channel interferences of overlapped WDM data channels are mitigated simultaneously. We experimentally demonstrate performance improvement for 20-Gbaud QPSK overlapped channels under different channel spacing. The scheme results in near 4dB OSNR gain for QPSK data channels at a BER of 10-3.
Polylactic Acid with Improved Heat Deflection Temperatures and Self-Healing Properties for Durable Goods Applications (2014)

A method to recover fracture toughness after failure and increase thermal properties of polylactic acid (PLA) for use within durable goods applications is presented. Microcapsules were incorporated into PLA to form a composite material in which the microcapsules served the dual purpose of (1) releasing self-healing additives to fracture regions and (2) serving as nucleating agents to improve the PLA composite's thermal tolerance. Self-healing was achieved though embedment of dicyclopentadiene-filled microcapsules and Grubbs' first generation ruthenium metathesis catalyst, the former being autonomically released into damage volumes and undergoing polymerization in the presence of the catalyst. This approach led to up to 84% recovery of the polymer composite's initial fracture toughness. Additionally, PLA's degree of crystallinity and heat deflection temperature were improved by ∼ 11% and ∼ 21 °C, respectively, relative to nonfilled virgin PLA, owing to microcapsule-induced nucleation. The self-healing system developed here overcomes many property limitations of PLA that can potentially lead to its incorporation into various durable goods.
Comparative Study of the Self-Aggregation of Rhodamine 6G in the Presence of Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), Poly(N-phenylmaleimide-co-acrylic acid), Poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid), and Poly(sodium acrylate) (2010)

The interaction between rhodamine 6G and different polyelectrolytes is analyzed. Structural aspects differentiate these polyelectrolytes, such as the presence of aromatic groups and the number and localization of their respective charges, which may be directly attached to the aromatic groups or to the polymeric main chain. In the case of poly(sodium acrylate), which does not bear aromatic groups, the polyelectrolyte induces cooperative self-stacking between the dyes which is highly sensitive to the ionic strength, due to the predominance of long-range electrostatic interactions between the polymer and the dye. In the case of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), whose charge is directly attached to the aromatic groups, a high dispersant ability of the dyes is found and the interaction is less dependent on the ionic strength, due to the predominance of short-range aromatic-aromatic interactions between the dye and the polymer. Among the two polyelectrolytes studied for which the polymeric charge is directly attached to the main chain, and separated from the aromatic group, poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) shows a lower dependence of the interaction on the ionic strength than poly(N-phenylmaleimide-co-acrylic acid) at a comonomer composition of 1:2, due to a higher linear aromatic density and a lower linear charge density, indicating the importance of hydrophobic forces. Both copolymers exhibit a high ability to induce cooperative self-aggregation of the dye.
Series vs Parallel Reflection-Type Phase Shifters (2020)

A performance comparison between series and parallel resonant circuits in the Reflection-Type Phase Shifter (RTPS) configuration is presented in this article. Initially, equations are derived to theoretically assess the fundamental limits of both configurations, in terms of the optimum values of the required resonant inductances and, subsequently, the maximum obtainable phase shifts of both configurations, as a function of the reactive parameters of the varactor diode. Then, based on these predictions, two sets of three RTPSs (three series-circuit and three parallel-circuit) operating at a center frequency of 2.3 GHz are designed, simulated, fabricated and their performance was measured and compared with the theoretically predicted results. For each set of the RTPS, the intrinsic parameters of the varactor diode (minimum capacitance and tuning ratio) are altered by the addition of a lumped element. This is done in order to adequately assess the performance of phase shifters for different characteristics of the active element. Then, based on the derived equations, the corresponding RTPS is designed so as to provide maximum phase shift. The theoretical analysis indicates that the parallel resonant configuration is inherently more capable of providing higher values of shift compared to its series resonant circuit counterpart, reaching 360° in the limit case. The measurement results largely confirm these theoretical findings, and the parallel RTPS configuration is shown to outperform the series RTPS configuration under most conditions. Results are discussed in detail.
Poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate), by near-ambient pressure XPS (2019)

Near-ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) is a less traditional form of XPS that allows samples to be analyzed at relatively high pressures, i.e., at greater than 2500 Pa. In this study, poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate) (PBLG) with a molar mass of 11.3 kg/mol was analyzed by NAP-XPS; here, we show the survey, C 1s, N 1s, and O 1s narrow scans of PBLG. The C 1s peak envelope was fitted in three different ways, to five, six, or seven synthetic peaks. In each fit, there was also a shake-up signal. The O 1s narrow scan was well fit with three peaks: C—O and C=O in a 1:2 ratio from the polymer, and a higher energy signal from water vapor. Hartree–Fock orbital energies of a model monomer served as a guide to an additional fit of the C 1s envelope.