gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thrombogenesis in Membrane Oxygenators and Adsorption Devices (1977)

Thrombus formation on foreign surfaces is a complex process initiated by two main mechanisms: platelet retention and coagulation. The final result is fibrin formation and loss of formed elements. It is unlikely that there will ever be an extracorporeal circuit available which will be able to function with the same characteristics as the vascular system. Thus, the general aim must be to understand the mechanisms involved in order to minimise thrombogenesis either by modification of the surface or by influencing the body responses, or both. The areas being researched consist of the mechanisms of thrombogenesis, covering platelet adhesion, protein adsorption, the influence of blood flow conditions on cellular elements; biocompatibility of artificial surfaces, their assessment and clinical performance. Recent forward moves in several of these areas have been reported at this seminar and are highlighted in the following sections.
Microalbuminuria Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Insulin Resistance in Two Populations with a High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (1996)

A total of 359 Wanigelas from Papua New Guinea and 1041 Nauruans had urinary albumin concentrations (UAC), serum insulin, and a number of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors measured during population-based surveys of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. These data were used to explore the hypothesis that microalbuminuria is closely associated with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. In both Nauruans and Wanigelas, worsening glucose tolerance was associated with increasing prevalence of micro- and macroalbuminuria. Within each category of glucose tolerance, microalbuminuria was associated with general worsening of cardiovascular risk factors including lipid concentrations, blood pressure and obesity, although few of the associations were statistically significant. Correlations between UAC and markers of insulin resistance (fasting insulin, fasting insulin/glucose ratio and HOMAS%, a computer-modelled estimate of insulin sensitivity) were weak and inconsistent irrespective of glucose tolerance status. Relationships between insulin sensitivity and urinary albumin in normoglycaemic Wanigelas and Nauruans, and in diabetic Nauruans, were no longer significant after adjusting for fasting glucose and body mass index. While microalbuminuria in Nauruans and Wanigelas was associated with cardiovascular risk factors irrespective of glucose tolerance, it seems unlikely on the basis of these results that the relationship is mediated through a common association with insulin resistance.
Electroluminescent Properties of Polyurethane Derivative with Stilbene on the Side Chain (2000)

Abstract Four kinds of organic electroluminescent devices (OELDs) were prepared. Two single-layer OELDs using polyurethane (PU) film (130nm) or PU:TPD (80:20 wt %, 130nm) were spin-coated on ITO substrate. Two double-layer OELDs were also prepared, using two single-layer then vacuum-sublimed Alq3 film (20nm) and Mg:Ag alloy layer as a cathode. Luminance-current density relationships in the single-layer and double-layer devices were discussed. Four kinds of OELDs exhibit strong electroluminescence (EL) in the green spectral region.
Synthesis and kinetic characterisation of omega-guanidinocarbonic acid ethyl esters as trypsin substrates. (1990)

Aliphatic omega-guanidinocarbonic acid ethyl esters of different chain length (C3-C6) were synthesized and characterized as 4-toluenesulfonates. The kinetic parameters of the trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis indicate that the ethyl ester of delta-guanidinovaleric acid is the most effective substrate in this series. The Km value of this compound is in the same order of magnitude as those of arginine-containing ester substrates like N alpha-benzoylarginine ethyl ester (BAEE). However, kcat is decreased by approximately two orders of magnitude.
A Low-Cost Multichannel Preamplifier for Physiological Signals (1987)

A preamplifier for physiological signals (ECG, EMG, etc.) is described for general use in mnltichannel applications. The limited number of components made it possible to implement eight channels on one Eurocard printed circuit board (160 x 100 mm) and 64 channels in a 9.5 in cabinet in a cost-effective manner (about $ 50 per channel). The use of a monolithic instrumentation amplifier based on the current feedback principle resulted in high dc suppression combined with excellent noise performance and high common mode rejection. A second-order Butterworth low-pass filter was implemented using switched capacitor circuits, so that in a multichannel setup the rolloff frequency of all channels can be (digitally) controlled by one clock frequency.
A Reciprocal Heuristic Model for Diffuse Scattering from Walls and Surfaces (2022)

Diffuse scattering of electromagnetic waves from natural and artificial surfaces has been extensively studied in various disciplines, including radio wave propagation, and several diffuse scattering models based on different approaches have been proposed over the years, two of the most popular ones being Kirchhoff Theory and the so-called Effective Roughness heuristic model. The latter, although less rigorous than the former, is more flexible and applicable to a wider range of real-world cases, including non-Gaussian surfaces, surfaces with electrically small correlation lengths and scattering from material inhomogeneities that are often present under the surface. Unfortunately, the Effective Roughness model, with the exception of its Lambertian version, does not satisfy reciprocity, which is an important physical-soundness requirement for any propagation model. In the present work, without compromising its effectiveness and its simple and yet sound power-balance approach, we propose a reciprocal version of the Effective Roughness model, which can be easily implemented and replaced to the old version in ray-based propagation models. The new model is analyzed and compared to the old one and to other popular models. Once properly calibrated, it is shown to yield similar - if not better - performance with respect to the old one when checked vs. measurements.
Dominant Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes in the Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer (1990)

An understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of lung cancer has evolved from classic cytogenetic studies and the use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms to encompass the definition of specific genetic abnormalities associated with this disease. Activation of the dominant class of oncogenes is frequent, with involvement of the ras and myc families of genes being the best defined. Several examples of inactivation at specific loci exist and have been related to the presence of tumor suppressor genes, most notably the retinoblastoma gene, p53, and a putative gene located on the short arm of chromosome 3. As our understanding of the nature and interactions between these numerous genetic events evolves, new opportunities for early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment will arise.
Nurturing the Growth of a National Infrastructure in Emerging Technologies (2018)

A fundamental responsibility of the leadership of a sovereign government is to create policies that enable the overall wellbeing of its citizens. This responsibility has many dimensions but certainly wealth generation through industrial competitiveness is a key component. Today a nation’s economic strength rests not only on ownership of saleable natural resources but increasingly on the technical capabilities and innovation capacities of its citizens. This is particularly true in an environment where technologies are constantly emerging to serve as the foundation for new industries. How does a relatively small nation-state, but with significant resources and aspirations, compete and excel in this environment? This article briefly describes an approach taken by the Abu Dhabi Emirate of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to foster national competitiveness in selected emerging technologies in which the nation had previously had very little presence.
Predictive Compact Modeling of Abnormal LDMOS Characteristics Due to Overlap-Length Modification (2020)

Further compact-model development for LDMOS is reported, enabling concurrent device and circuit optimizations by only varying the ratio between gate-overlap length (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">over</sub> ) and resistive-drift length (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">drift</sub> ). Different from the conventional carrier-dynamics understanding within these two regions, LDMOS shows abnormal characteristics during such a ratio variation. The pinch-off condition occurs under the gate overlap region, and the pinch-off point is found to move along Lover with increased drain voltage, even under the accumulation condition. This means that carrier conductivity is no longer controlled by the gate voltage but by the drain voltage. The precise pinch-off condition is determined by the field balancing within gate-overlap and resistive-drift regions. The pinch-off length (ΔL) within Lover sustains V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> together with L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">drift</sub> . Thus, the pinch-off region contributes as a part of Ldrift and improves the device's high-voltage applicability. A new model is developed to describe this balancing phenomenon analytically, where the key physical quantity is ΔL. The developed ΔL model considers the potential distribution along Lover together with L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">drift</sub> . At the pinch-off point, the field induced by V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gs</sub> and that by V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> are assumed to be equal, which derives an analytical description for ΔL. Evaluation results with the developed model are verified with 2D-numerical-device-simulation results.
Control architecture of multiple-hop connections in IP over WDM networks (2002)

In the existing functional definition of the optical network, the optical network primarily offers high bandwidth connectivity in the form of optical layer connections, where a connection is defined to be a fixed bandwidth circuit between two user network elements (also called clients). We propose to add IP routers packet processing function into the data plane of optical core networks, in order that transport service providers can provide multiple-hop connections between ISPs in addition to single-hop-only point-to-point lightpaths. Their benefits include optimized utilization of the bandwidth of lightpaths, more means to add and drop IP traffic, and flexibility of traffic engineering operations. We extend the functional models for IP-optical network interaction in the context of multiple-hop-enabled IP over WDM networks. The unified control and management supported by generalized MPLS is one of the underpinnings of the evolution from single-hop-only optical networks to multiple-hop-enabled IP over WDM networks. In order to support multiple-hop connections, we propose that the requests of connection establishment in the UNI should be extended to include the bandwidth and IP layer QoS requirements. Finally, the enhanced traffic engineering for transport service providers is discussed.
39.2: The Full‐Color Video Images with Uniquely‐Gated Carbon Nano‐tube Field Emission Displays (2002)

Abstract Thick‐film printing processes have been applied for preparing a carbon nanotube field emission display (c‐FED), which has a strong cost advantage for large‐size flat panel display. For practical display applications, two types of the gated cathode structure named the normal‐gate cathode and the under‐gate cathode have been developed and improved. The normal‐gate and the under‐gate cathode structures have the driving voltages of ±35 V and ±65 V, respectively. The 5″ c‐FED panel with the normal‐gate cathode and the 7″ c‐FED panel with the under‐gate cathode were successfully implemented and excellent full‐color video images were obtained.
Effects of thrombospondin-4 on pro-inflammatory phenotype differentiation and apoptosis in macrophages (2020)

Thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4) attracted renewed attention recently as a result of assignment of new functions to this matricellular protein in cardiovascular, muscular, and nervous systems. We have previously reported that TSP-4 promotes local vascular inflammation in a mouse atherosclerosis model. A common variant of TSP-4, P387-TSP-4, was associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk in human population studies. In a mouse atherosclerosis model, TSP-4 had profound effect on accumulation of macrophages in lesions, which prompted us to examine its effects on macrophages in more detail. We examined the effects of A387-TSP-4 and P387-TSP-4 on mouse macrophages in cell culture and in vivo in the model of LPS-induced peritonitis. In tissues and in cell culture, TSP-4 expression was associated with inflammation: TSP-4 expression was upregulated in peritoneal tissues in LPS-induced peritonitis, and pro-inflammatory signals, INFγ, GM-CSF, and LPS, induced TSP-4 expression in macrophages in vivo and in cell culture. Deficiency in TSP-4 in macrophages from Thbs4<sup>-/-</sup> mice reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory macrophage markers, suggesting that TSP-4 facilitates macrophage differentiation into a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Expression of TSP-4, especially more active P387-TSP-4, was associated with higher cellular apoptosis. Cultured macrophages displayed increased adhesion to TSP-4 and reduced migration in presence of TSP-4, and these responses were further increased with P387 variant. We concluded that TSP-4 expression in macrophages increases their accumulation in tissues during the acute inflammatory process and supports macrophage differentiation into a pro-inflammatory phenotype. In a model of acute inflammation, TSP-4 supports pro-inflammatory macrophage apoptosis, a response that is closely related to their pro-inflammatory activity and release of pro-inflammatory signals. P387-TSP-4 was found to be the more active form of TSP-4 in all examined functions.
Laser-Doppler, H2 clearance, and microsphere estimates of mucosal blood flow (1985)

In autoperfused preparations of feline jejunum, blood flow was measured from the mucosal surface with laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and hydrogen gas (H2) clearance techniques while blood flow was altered by intra-arterial infusions of isoproterenol. LDV and H2 clearance estimates of blood flow were compared with total-wall and mucosal-submucosal blood flows measured with the radiolabeled microsphere technique. Over the range (26.3-73.6 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1) of blood flows attained, a series of direct linear relationships were obtained among LDV, H2 clearance, and microsphere estimates of jejunal blood flow. The slopes of these relationships indicated that the H2 clearance technique over-estimates total intestinal blood flow but reflects mucosal-submucosal flow as measured with microspheres. LDV measurements of blood flow from the mucosal surface were equally well correlated with total and mucosal-submucosal blood flow measured by microspheres, thereby not allowing for a definitive conclusion on the measurement depth of the LDV method. However, the ability of the LDV method to detect changes in blood flow in the perfused gut, even through 3 mm of unperfused tissue, casts a doubt on the assumption that the LDV method has a spatial resolution of less than 0.5-1.0 mm. The results of this study indicate that the H2 clearance technique can be used to measure mucosal blood flow in the small intestine. By contrast, the precise measurement depth of the LDV method is still uncertain and requires further evaluation.
Accessible by Design: An Opportunity for Virtual Reality (2019)

Too often, the accessibility of technology to people with disabilities is an afterthought (if it is considered at all); post-hoc or third-party patches to accessibility, while better than no solution, are less optimal than interface designs that consider ability-based concerns from the start [31]. Virtual Reality (VR) technologies are at a crucial point of near-maturity, with emerging, but not yet widespread, commercialization; as such, VR technologies have an opportunity to integrate accessibility as a fundamental, developing cross-industry standards and guidelines to ensure high-quality, inclusive experiences that could revolutionize the power and reach of this medium. In this position paper, we discuss the needs, opportunities, and challenges of creating accessible VR.
Clinical problems in hairy cell leukemia: diagnosis and management. (1984)

Patients with HCL are subject to a variety of medical problems. Many of these complications are caused by the cytopenias and splenomegaly produced by proliferating neoplastic cells. Infection is a common cause of morbidity in HCL, but it is not clear whether there is an inherent defect in the immune system. The incidence of infection is related to neutropenia and is increased by the administration of cytotoxic drugs and corticosteroids; such drugs should be used cautiously in these patients. Opportunistic or unusual pathogens occur frequently in HCL, but recovery from such infections is the rule if the diagnosis is made early. Marrow hypoplasia is not infrequently seen and may present diagnostic difficulties. Such patients may have a lower tumor burden and clinically milder anemia. Hemorrhagic complications are unusual in HCL, though many patients have platelet function abnormalities. Other medical problems occur with increased frequency in HCL, and failure to recognize them leads to increased morbidity in this disease. Autoimmune disease is seen in up to one fourth of patients. It takes the form of self-limited skin and joint disease, or a more progressive, systemic of patients. It takes the form of self-limited skin and joint disease, or a more progressive, systemic vasculitis. Both forms can usually be treated with splenectomy or corticosteroids, but alkylating agents can also be used successfully. Bone disease is usually localized and responds well to radiotherapy. Other problems such as amyloidosis, multiple myeloma, and paraproteinemia are uncommon in HCL.
New η2-Formamidinyl Zirconium Complexes:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity (2003)

The new η2-formamidinyl Zr complex (1) (Ar = 2,6-dimethylphenyl, Cyc = cyclohexyl) was prepared upon double insertion of 2,6-dimethyl phenyl isocyanide in the Zr−N bond of Zr(NMeCyc)4. 1 was then converted into (2) and (3) by reacting it with C6F5OH and [NHMe3]Cl, respectively. The crystal structure of 1 was established by X-ray analysis. All the complexes have been tested as catalysts for the polymerization of ethylene and 1-hexene in the presence of [NHMe2Ph][B(C6F5)4] as cocatalyst.
Non-Traditional Systemic Treatments for Diabetic Retinopathy: An Evidence-Based Review (2015)

The rapid escalation in the global prevalence diabetes, with more than 30% being afflicted with diabetic retinopathy (DR), means it is likely that associated vision-threatening conditions will also rise substantially. This means that new therapeutic approaches need to be found that go beyond the current standards of diabetic care, and which are effective in the early stages of the disease. In recent decades several new pharmacological agents have been investigated for their effectiveness in preventing the appearance and progression of DR or in reversing DR; some with limited success while others appear promising. This up-to-date critical review of non-traditional systemic treatments for DR is based on the published evidence in MEDLINE spanning 1980-December 2014. It discusses a number of therapeutic options, paying particular attention to the mechanisms of action and the clinical evidence for the use of renin-angiotensin system blockade, fenofibrate and calcium dobesilate monohydrate in DR.
Triple therapy immunosuppression in cadaveric renal transplantation (1990)

Abstract. One hundred and ninety-two patients received 200 consecutive cadaver renal transplants (158 first and 42 regrafts) and were treated with triple therapy immunosuppression consisting of low-dose cyclosporin, azathioprine and prednisolone. One-year patient and graft survival rates were 95% and 82%, respectively. Against this low rate of graft loss, the proportion of rejection-free patients in the first 3 months was strongly related to matching for HLA-DR (P < 0. 01), although HLA-DR matching was not associated with improved graft survival. More grafts were lost to nonimmunological causes than to rejection, and these losses fell into three main categories, namely, losses in elderly and diabetic patients and losses due to renal vascular thrombosis. Thus, triple therapy immunosuppression appears to offer effective immunosuppression, resulting in good graft and patient survival, especially in highly sensitised patients or patients receiving regrafts. There are relatively few serious adverse effects, although elderly and diabetic patients experienced significant morbidity and mortality after transplantation.
Fedrec: Federated Learning of Universal Receivers over Fading Channels (2021)

Wireless communications is often subject to channel fading. Various statistical models have been proposed to capture the inherent randomness in fading, and conventional model-based receiver designs rely on accurate knowledge of this underlying distribution, which, in practice, may be complex and intractable. In this work, we propose a neural network-based symbol detection technique for down-link fading channels, which is based on the maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) detector. To enable training on a diverse ensemble of fading realizations, we propose a federated training scheme, in which multiple users collaborate to jointly learn a universal data-driven detector, hence the name FedRec. The performance of the resulting receiver is shown to approach the MAP performance in diverse channel conditions without requiring knowledge of the fading statistics, while inducing a substantially reduced communication overhead in its training procedure compared to centralized training.
Lubrication Oil Condition Monitoring and Remaining Useful Life Prediction with Particle Filtering (2020)

In order to reduce the costs of wind energy, it is necessary to improve the wind turbine availability and reduce the operational and maintenance costs. The reliability and availability of a functioning wind turbine depend largely on the protective properties of the lubrication oil for its drive train subassemblies such as the gearbox and means for lubrication oil condition monitoring and degradation detection. The wind industry currently uses lubrication oil analysis for detecting gearbox and bearing wear but cannot detect the functional failures of the lubrication oils. The main purpose of lubrication oil condition monitoring and degradation detection is to determine whether the oils have deteriorated to such a degree that they no longer fulfill their functions. This paper describes a research on developing online lubrication oil condition monitoring and remaining useful life prediction using particle filtering technique and commercially available online sensors. It first introduces the lubrication oil condition monitoring and degradation detection for wind turbines. Viscosity and dielectric constant are selected as the performance parameters to model the degradation of lubricants. In particular, the lubricant performance evaluation and remaining useful life prediction of degraded lubrication oil with viscosity and dielectric constant data using particle filtering are presented. A simulation study based on lab verified models is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed technique.