gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Centrifugal stability of thin and high-speed lithium film flows on concave walls for the neutron source in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) (2017)

The stabilities of thin and high-speed film flows of liquid lithium on a concaved wall are studied for the neutron source in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) making cancers and tumors curable with cell-level selections and hence high QOL. The objective of our research is to materialize thin and high-speed film flows of liquid lithium in a high vacuum as an accelerator target. A linear analysis approach is made to the stability problems on high-speed and thin film flows of liquid lithium, which will be compounded of (i) laminar flow stability and transition to turbulent flow within a liquid film flow on a plane wall, (ii) stability of free surface waves, and (iii) centrifugal stability of a film flow on a concave wall. To solve this complex Orr-Sommerfeld problem, we show dimensionless perturbation equations in neutrally stable condition induced from both equations of motion and continuity of incompressible turbulent film flows.
NEDD9 sustains hexokinase expression to promote glycolysis (2022)

Elevated rates of glycolysis in cancer cells support tumor growth, in a process that typically depends on oncogene-induced increases in the expression and/or activity of enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. The NEDD9 scaffolding protein is upregulated in many advanced tumors, with increased NEDD9 promoting the activity of SRC and other effectors that promote invasion and metastasis. We here define a new role for NEDD9 in support of glycolysis. NEDD9 knockdown significantly impaired glycolysis in multiple lung cancer cell lines This was accompanied by post-transcriptional downregulation of steady-state levels of hexokinases (HK1 and HK2), which catalyze early steps in the glycolytic cascade, key rate limiting enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK1), and downstream glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). In mice, protein levels of HK1, HK2, PFK1, and GAPDH were depressed in Kras<sup>tm4Tyj/J</sup> /Trp53<sup>tm1Brn/J</sup> (KP) non-small cell lung tumors with null versus wild type Nedd9. Reciprocally, depletion of HK1 or HK2 elevated NEDD9 expression, as did the treatment of cells with 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), an inhibitor of glycolysis; whereas overexpression of hexokinases promoted NEDD9 dephosphorylation, associated with reduced NEDD9 activity. Together, these data for the first time suggest a negative feedback circuit involving NEDD9 and glycolytic enzymes that may contribute to NEDD9 action in promoting the aggressive growth of advanced tumors.
[Experimental trichophytosis in calves caused by cultures of Trichophyton verrucosum and Trichophyton equinum]. (1990)

Tests were performed on 130 one-month-old calves. In 16 animals, treatment with a suspension of Trichophyton verrucosum culture at the dosage of 5 mil. conidia for an area of 10 x 10 of the clipped skin caused clinical trichophytic changes. The length of the incubation time was shorter in the calves scarified before inoculation of the infecting culture (10 to 13 days), as compared with the group of calves without scarification of the skin (11 to 19 days). Only 3 in 6 calves, infected by the same dose into non clipped skin, did contract trichophytosis, manifesting themselves as separate mycotic deposits, which appeared 26 to 35 days after inoculation. Trichophytic changes lasted longest in the group with scarification of the infected area. The ID50 in T. verrucosum and T. equinum cultures was about 1500 conidia per one calf in the case of the method of infecting into clipped scarified skin (area 100 sq cm). A 10 times lower dose (150 conidia per one calf) of the T. verrucosum suspension did not induce visible mycotic changes, but the T. equinum inoculation produced infection in one of 10 calves.
The History of Complex II Inhibitors and the Discovery of Penthiopyrad (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Discovery of Penthiopyrad (MTF-753) Biological Attributes Target Site of Penthiopyrad Mode of Action Effect on Resistant Strains of Other Fungicides The Risk of Occurrence of Resistance to Penthiopyrad Conclusion Acknowledgments References
Insights into the Role of Innate Immunity in Cervicovaginal Papillomavirus Infection from Studies Using Gene-Deficient Mice (2020)

We demonstrate that female C57BL/6J mice are susceptible to a transient lower genital tract infection with MmuPV1 mouse papillomavirus and display focal histopathological abnormalities resembling those of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. We took advantage of strains of genetically deficient mice to study <i>in vivo</i> the role of innate immune signaling in the control of papillomavirus. At 4 months, we sacrificed MmuPV1-infected mice and measured viral 757/3139 spliced transcripts by TaqMan reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), localization of infection by RNAscope <i>in situ</i> hybridization, and histopathological abnormities by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Among mice deficient in receptors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns, MyD88<sup>-/-</sup> and STING<sup>-/-</sup> mice had 1,350 and 80 copies of spliced transcripts/μg RNA, respectively, while no viral expression was detected in MAVS<sup>-/-</sup> and Ripk2<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Mice deficient in an adaptor molecule, STAT1<sup>-/-</sup>, for interferon signaling had 46,000 copies/μg RNA. Among mice with targeted deficiencies in the inflammatory response, interleukin-1 receptor knockout (IL-1R<sup>-/-</sup>) and caspase-1<sup>-/-</sup> mice had 350 and 30 copies/μg RNA, respectively. Among mice deficient in chemokine receptors, CCR6<sup>-/-</sup> mice had 120 copies/μg RNA, while CXCR2<sup>-/-</sup> and CXCR3<sup>-/-</sup> mice were negative. RNAscope confirmed focal infection in MyD88<sup>-/-</sup>, STAT1<sup>-/-</sup>, and CCR6<sup>-/-</sup> mice but was negative for other gene-deficient mice. Histological abnormalities were seen only in the latter mice. Our findings and the literature support a working model of innate immunity to papillomaviruses involving the activation of a MyD88-dependent pathway and IL-1 receptor signaling, control of viral replication by interferon-stimulated genes, and clearance of virus-transformed dysplastic cells by the action of the CCR6/CCL20 axis.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Papillomaviruses infect stratified squamous epithelia, and the viral life cycle is linked to epithelial differentiation. Additionally, changes occur in viral and host gene expression, and immune cells are activated to modulate the infectious process. <i>In vitro</i> studies with keratinocytes cannot fully model the complex viral and host responses and do not reflect the contribution of local and migrating immune cells. We show that female C57BL/6J mice are susceptible to a transient papillomavirus cervicovaginal infection, and mice deficient in select genes involved in innate immune responses are susceptible to persistent infection with variable manifestations of histopathological abnormalities. The results of our studies support a working model of innate immunity to papillomaviruses, and the model provides a framework for more in-depth studies. A better understanding of mechanisms of early viral clearance and the development of approaches to induce clearance will be important for cancer prevention and the treatment of HPV-related diseases.
Accurate TCAD simulation of trench-gate IGBTs and its application to prediction of carrier lifetime requirements for future scaled devices (2021)

Silicon trench-gate insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) were analyzed using technology CAD (TCAD). Excellent agreement was confirmed between the JC <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> VCE characteristics obtained by 3D- TCAD simulations and experiments. The carrier lifetime requirement for scaled trench-gate IGBTs was determined by extraction of the on-resistance of the n-base layer derived from the electric potential profile.
Multi-Mode Generation of Carbonate Tabular Intraclast Deposits: Unnamed Proterozoic Formation, Maharashtra (1994)

Abstract Breccia and pebbly massflow products are present in abundance in basin slope deposits of an unnamed marine Proterozoic fonnation in Maharashtra. Seven distinctive genetic modes have been identified and attributed to slump, slide, spring sapping and evaporite dissolution. The clasts are tabular in form and intraclastic in origin. The observations suggest caution against the prevailing tendency to equate occurrence of tabular intraclasts with shallow depositional regime. In order to ascertain their sedimentological significance, a clear understanding of their genetic processes is thus warranted.
Transient Finite Element Simulation of a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Thermal Management System Based on Latent Heat System Materials (2021)

High-intensity use of lithium-ion battery packs can lead to overheating. When heat generated from battery use exceeds the rate at which its surroundings dissipate the heat, thermal runaway occurs. 12-cell and 84-cell assemblies of lithium-ion NCR18650B batteries exceeded the manufacturer maximum temperature after a discharge at constant power, 1P. To passively regulate the temperature of the battery packs, a phase-change material was used as a latent heat system, transferring heat from the cells to the material during operation. Utilizing ANSYS, finite element analysis simulations were performed to show the advantage of an expanded graphite matrix infiltrated with paraffin wax. Material properties of the mixture were studied with differential scanning calorimetry and an ideal mixture of 25% EG and 75% PureTemp 60 paraffin wax was found. The results verified that the mixture significantly lowered the temperature of the cells; providing a cost efficient, accessible solution to counter increased operating temperatures.
Use of the Meissner effect to separate, purify, and classify superconducting powders (1987)

A separation technique, based on the Meissner effect, to purify and classify superconducting powders was developed. Powders of the Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x composition were sealed in a glass tube, cooled to liquid-nitrogen temperature, and passed over the pole of a magnet. The superconducting phase responded to the field and moved away from the magnet, whereas the nonsuperconducting phases, impurities, especially magnetic, and unreacted phases did not move. X-ray diffraction revealed that the separated powder was single phase with all impurity phases eliminated. Furthermore, the powder particles separated along the length of the tube according to their size and applied magnetic field: the larger the particles and/or the field the farther the movement and the smaller the particles that moved.
Photoelectric color measurements of outer rings in galaxies (1980)

Beam-switched photoelectric measurements of UBV colors have been obtained for faint outer rings in four representative galaxies. The data show that rings exist over a range of colors and that the most common rings, which are found in RSB0/a galaxies like NGC 2859, consist largely of older stars. The surface brightness increase within such rings is therefore most plausibly attributed to an increase in the projected stellar density associated with the nonaxisymmetric structure of barred and oval galaxies. The outer ring in the oval galaxy NGC 4736 has a relatively blue B-V color, and this provides an example of an outer ring in which young stars are important. A brief discussion of possible formation mechanisms for outer rings is presented.
Experimental Characterization of Air-to-ground Propagation at mm-Wave Frequencies in Dense Urban Environment (2021)

In the present study, a measurement setup utilizing mm-wave transceivers with steerable directive antennas, mounted on both a customized UAV and a ground station has been used to study Air-to-Ground (A2G) radio links and, more generally, full-3D mm-wave propagation in urban environment. We evaluate the double-directional characteristics of the channel by rotating the antennas, deriving Power-Angle Profiles at both link ends. Preliminary results provide useful understanding of A2G propagation, e.g. the influence of the antenna tilt angles, or the mechanisms allowing for the signal to propagate from street canyons to the air.
Murine B16 Melanomas Expressing High Levels of the Chemokine Stromal-Derived Factor-1/CXCL12 Induce Tumor-Specific T Cell Chemorepulsion and Escape from Immune Control (2006)

The chemokine, stromal-derived factor-1/CXCL12, is expressed by normal and neoplastic tissues and is involved in tumor growth, metastasis, and modulation of tumor immunity. T cell-mediated tumor immunity depends on the migration and colocalization of CTL with tumor cells, a process regulated by chemokines and adhesion molecules. It has been demonstrated that T cells are repelled by high concentrations of the chemokine CXCL12 via a concentration-dependent and CXCR4 receptor-mediated mechanism, termed chemorepulsion or fugetaxis. We proposed that repulsion of tumor Ag-specific T cells from a tumor expressing high levels of CXCL12 allows the tumor to evade immune control. Murine B16/OVA melanoma cells (H2b) were engineered to constitutively express CXCL12. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with B16/OVA cells lead to destruction of B16/OVA tumors expressing no or low levels of CXCL12 but not tumors expressing high levels of the chemokine. Early recruitment of adoptively transferred OVA-specific CTL into B16/OVA tumors expressing high levels of CXCL12 was significantly reduced in comparison to B16/OVA tumors, and this reduction was reversed when tumor-specific CTLs were pretreated with the specific CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100. Memory OVA-specific CD8+ T cells demonstrated antitumor activity against B16/OVA tumors but not B16/OVA.CXCL12-high tumors. Expression of high levels of CXCL12 by B16/OVA cells significantly reduced CTL colocalization with and killing of target cells in vitro in a CXCR4-dependent manner. The repulsion of tumor Ag-specific T cells away from melanomas expressing CXCL12 confirms the chemorepellent activity of high concentrations of CXCL12 and may represent a novel mechanism by which certain tumors evade the immune system.
Anti‐dopamine D2 receptor antibodies in chronic tic disorders (2020)

There is a potential association between immune mechanisms and the severity course of tics in adolescents with CTDs.
Parameter Design in Optimal Control Problems for Linear Dynamic Systems Using a Canonical Form (2011)

Control problems in dynamic systems require optimal selection of input trajectories and the system parameters. In this paper, a novel procedure for optimization of linear dynamic system is proposed that solves simultaneously the parameter design problem and the optimal control problem using a specific system state transformation. Conventional optimization methods are also examined to compare with the proposed method. The limitations and advantages of both methods are discussed in terms of the number of states and inputs. Consequently, linear dynamic system examples are optimized under various constraints and the merits of the proposed method are examined.
A resolution insensitive to geometrical aberrations by using incoherent illumination and interference imaging (2017)

This contribution is another opportunity to acknowledge the influence of Roger Maynard on our research work when he pushed one of us (ACB) to explore the field of waves propagating in complex media rather than limiting ourselves to the wavelength scale of thermal waves or near field phenomena. Optical tomography is used for imaging in-depth scattering media such as biological tissues. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) plays an important role in imaging biological samples. Coupling OCT with adaptive optics (AO) in order to correct eye aberrations has led to cellular imaging of the retina. By using our approach called Full-Field OCT (FFOCT) we show that, with spatially incoherent illumination, the width of the point-spread function (PSF) that governs the resolution is not affected by aberrations that induce only a reduction of the signal level. We will describe our approach by starting with the PSF experimental data followed by a simple theoretical analysis, and numerical calculations. Finally full images obtained through or inside scattering and aberrating media will be shown.
Flash boiling from carbon foams for high-heat-flux transient cooling (2016)

Flash boiling of a liquid pool results in an event characterized by rapid phase change and, as a result, high rates of expansion and cooling. Because of the potential advantages of such characteristics for convective heat transfer, flash boiling is considered here for the purpose of cooling transient heat loads. The event has the positive characteristics mentioned as well as rapid response (∼10 ms) and high initial rates of phase change, and then quickly decays to a steady-state regime analogous to pool boiling. The performance of the cooling mechanism is evaluated using an objective function derived from the effect of temperature on the efficiency of optical transmission in a diode-pumped solid-state laser. Statistical surrogate models based on the experimental results are used to predict optimal run conditions. Experiments using these predicted parameters show that flash boiling can maintain device temperature to within ±6.1 °C through a pulsed 5 s heat flux of 68 W cm−2 and to within ±1.4 °C for a heat flux of 39 W cm−2.
FY09 Engineering Research & Technology Report (2010)

This report summarizes key research, development, and technology accomplishments in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s Engineering Directorate for FY2009.
Action Video Games in the Spotlight: The Case of Attentional Control (2015)

An authoritative overview of current research on human attention, emphasizing the relation between cognitive phenomena observed in the laboratory and in the real world. 

Laboratory research on human attention has often been conducted under conditions that bear little resemblance to the complexity of our everyday lives. Although this research has yielded interesting discoveries, few scholars have truly connected these findings to natural experiences. This book bridges the gap between “laboratory and life” by bringing together cutting-edge research using traditional methodologies with research that focuses on attention in everyday contexts. It offers definitive reviews by both established and rising research stars on foundational topics such as visual attention and cognitive control, underrepresented domains such as auditory and temporal attention, and emerging areas of investigation such as mind wandering and embodied attention. 

The contributors discuss a range of approaches and methodologies, including psychophysics, mental chronometry, stationary and mobile eye-tracking, and electrophysiological and functional brain imaging. Chapters on everyday attention consider such diverse activities as driving, shopping, reading, multitasking, and playing videogames. All chapters present their topics in the same overall format: historical context, current research, the possible integration of laboratory and real-world approaches, future directions, and key and outstanding issues. 

Contributors Richard A. Abrams, Lewis Baker, Daphne Bavelier, Virginia Best, Adam B. Blake, Paul W. Burgess, Alan D. Castel, Karen Collins, Mike J. Dixon, Sidney K. D'Mello, Julia Focker, Charles L. Folk, Tom Foulsham, Jonathan A. Fugelsang, Bradley S. Gibson, Matthias S. Gobel, Davood G. Gozli, Arthur C. Graesser, Peter A. Hancock, Kevin A. Harrigan, Simone G. Heideman, Cristy Ho, Roxane J. Itier, Gustav Kuhn, Michael F. Land, Mallorie Leinenger, Daniel Levin, Steven J. Luck, Gerald Matthews, Daniel Memmert, Stephen Monsell, Meeneley Nazarian, Anna C. Nobre, Andrew M. Olney, Kerri Pickel, Jay Pratt, Keith Rayner, Daniel C. Richardson, Evan F. Risko, Barbara Shinn-Cunningham, Vivian Siu, Jonathan Smallwood, Charles Spence, David Strayer, Pedro Sztybel, Benjamin W. Tatler, Eric T. Taylor, Jeff Templeton, Robert Teszka, Michel Wedel, Blaire J. Weidler, Lisa Wojtowicz, Jeremy M. Wolfe, Geoffrey F. Woodman
Free energy profile of a 310- to .alpha.-helical transition of an oligopeptide in various solvents (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree energy profile of a 310- to .alpha.-helical transition of an oligopeptide in various solventsMark L. Smythe, Shawn E. Huston, and Garland R. MarshallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 24, 11594–11595Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00077a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00077a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Peptoid Ribbon Secondary Structure (2013)

Joining the fold: A series of peptoids, or oligomers of N-substituted glycines, adopt a novel secondary structure, designated the “peptoid ribbon”. This fold was stable at short chain lengths and in a variety of solvents (both organic and aqueous), and arose from a primary sequence of peptoid monomers designed to enforce an alternating pattern of cis and trans main-chain amides.
Detection of Highly Enriched Uranium Using a Pulsed IEC Fusion Device. (2008)

Abstract not provided.
Corpus Conversion Service (2018)

Over the past few decades, the amount of scientific articles and technical literature has increased exponentially in size. Consequently, there is a great need for systems that can ingest these documents at scale and make the contained knowledge discoverable. Unfortunately, both the format of these documents (e.g. the PDF format or bitmap images) as well as the presentation of the data (e.g. complex tables) make the extraction of qualitative and quantitive data extremely challenging. In this paper, we present a modular, cloud-based platform to ingest documents at scale. This platform, called the Corpus Conversion Service (CCS), implements a pipeline which allows users to parse and annotate documents (i.e. collect ground-truth), train machine-learning classification algorithms and ultimately convert any type of PDF or bitmap-documents to a structured content representation format. We will show that each of the modules is scalable due to an asynchronous microservice architecture and can therefore handle massive amounts of documents. Furthermore, we will show that our capability to gather groundtruth is accelerated by machine-learning algorithms by at least one order of magnitude. This allows us to both gather large amounts of ground-truth in very little time and obtain very good precision/recall metrics in the range of 99% with regard to content conversion to structured output. The CCS platform is currently deployed on IBM internal infrastructure and serving more than 250 active users for knowledge-engineering project engagements.