gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of thermal condition on blowing behavior and pore morphology of porous magnesium (2009)

Porous magnesium was fabricated from a precursor made of AZ91 magnesium machined chips. The effect of thermal conditions (heating rate, heating temperature and cooling rate) of the precursor on foaming behavior and pore morphology was investigated. The precursor started to expand at around the solidus temperature of AZ91 magnesium alloy, and accelerated its expansion rate after the temperature exceeded the liquids line. The maximum expansion was sustained only for a few seconds, and the specimen shrunk rapidly by heating the specimen continuously. The degree of maximum expansion became higher and the pore size became smaller by increasing the heating rate from 1 K/s to 3 K/s. The porosity of porous magnesium increased by increasing the processing temperature up to 660°C, whereas the pore size became larger and inhomogeneous. The cooling rate also turned out to be an important factor to maintain high porosity. With the low cooling rate, pores tended to collapse and porosity became lower during the cooling period.
Laser application in neurosurgery (2017)

Despite controversy over the use of lasers for treatment, the surgical application of lasers for minimally invasive procedures shows promising results and merits further investigation. Laser-based microscopy imaging devices have been developed and miniaturized to be used intraoperatively for rapid pathological diagnosis. The multitude of ways that lasers are used in neurosurgery and in related neuroclinical situations is a testament to the technological advancements and practicality of laser science.
Structure‐Affinity Relationships of the Affinity of 2‐Pyrazolyl Adenosine Analogues for the Adenosine A2A Receptor. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The fable of the bees (2009)

In this paper we present a new key-revocation scheme for ad hoc network environments with the following characteristics:
Auxin Biosynthesis in Maize Kernels (2000)

Auxin biosynthesis was analyzed in a maize (Zea mays) kernel culture system in which the seeds develop under physiological conditions similar to the in vivo situation. This system was modified for precursor feeding experiments. Tryptophan (Trp) is efficiently incorporated into indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) with retention of the 3, 3' bond. Conversion of Trp to IAA is not competed by indole. Labeling with the general precursors [U-(13)C(6)]glucose and [1, 2-(13)C(2)]acetate followed by retrobiosynthetic analysis strongly suggest that Trp-dependent IAA synthesis is the predominant route for auxin biosynthesis in the maize kernel. The synthesis of IAA from indole glycerol phosphate and IAA formation via condensation of indole with an acetyl-coenzyme A or phosphoenolpyruvate derived metabolite can be excluded.
Self-Sovereign Identity and User Control for Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing (2021)

Contact tracing apps use mobile devices to keep track of and promptly identify those who come in contact with an individual who tests positive for COVID-19. However, privacy is a major obstacle to the wide-spread use of such apps since users are concerned about sharing their contact and diagnosis data. This research overcomes multiple challenges facing contact tracing apps: (1) As researchers have pointed out, there is a need to balance contact tracing effectiveness with the amount of user identity and diagnosis information shared. (2) No matter what information the user chooses to share, the app should safeguard the privacy of user information. (3) On the other hand, some essential test result information must be shared for the contact tracing app to work. While contact tracing apps have done a good job maintaining contact information on the user’s device, most such apps publish positive COVID-19 test results to a central server which have some risks for compromise. We address these challenges by (1) giving the user the right to choose how much information to share about their diagnosis and their identity, (2) building our novel contact tracing app on top of Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) to assure privacy preserving user authentication with verifiable credentials, and (3) decentralizing the storage of COVID-19 test results. We, in collaboration with Verizon, have implemented our Privacy-preserving Contact Tracing (PpCT) app, leveraging SSI advances based on the blockchain for their 5G network.
Diethylnitrosamine genotoxicity evaluated in sprague dawley rats using Pig‐a mutation and reticulocyte micronucleus assays (2014)

Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a genotoxic carcinogen, but in vivo DNA-damaging activities are not usually evident in hematopoietic cells because the short-lived active metabolite is formed mainly in the liver. DEN therefore represented an interesting case for evaluating the performance characteristics of blood-based endpoints of genotoxicity that have been automated using flow cytometric analysis-frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes and Pig-a mutant phenotype reticulocytes (RET(CD59-) ) and erythrocytes (RBC(CD59-) ). Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated for 28 consecutive days with DEN at levels up to 12.5 mg/kg/day. Serial blood samples were collected and micronucleus frequencies were determined on Days 4 and 29, while RET(CD59-) and RBC(CD59-) frequencies were determined on Days 15, 29, and 42. The Pig-a analyses were conducted with an enrichment step based on immunomagnetic column separation to increase the statistical power of the assay. Modest but significant reductions to reticulocyte frequencies demonstrated that bone marrow was exposed to reactive intermediates. Even so, DEN did not affect micronucleus frequencies at any dose level tested. However, RET(CD59-) frequencies were significantly elevated in the high dose group on Day 29, and RBC(CD59-) were increased at this same dose level on Days 29 and 42. These results demonstrate that the Pig-a assay is sufficiently sensitive to evaluate chemicals for genotoxic potential, even in the case of a promutagen that has traditionally required direct assessment(s) of liver tissue for detection of DNA-damage.
A tool support for automatic analysis based on the tagged customer approach (2006)

The analysis of performance models based on the tagged customer approach is composed by two main steps. The first one is the stationary analysis of a Markov chain and the second one is the transient analysis of another Markov (reward) model whose initial distribution is derived from the result of the first step. To the best of our knowledge none of the existing performance analysis tools allow the automatic evaluation of these performance models. This paper presents an extension of the MRMSolve tool for automatic execution of the two steps procedure. The theoretical background of this extension is well established and the implementation is built mainly on the existing Markov model analysis functions of MRMSolve, hence the contribution lies in the availability of the automatic analysis tool. To demonstrate the modeling abilities and the practical importance of the new tool we present the MRMSolve models of [7] and [8]. Based on these MRMSolve models one can automatically generate the performance measures presented in [7] and [8].
Combination of PDT and a DNA demethylating agent produces anti-tumor immune response in a mouse tumor model (2009)

Epigenetic mechanisms, which involve DNA methylation and histone modifications, result in the heritable silencing of genes without a change in their coding sequence. However, these changes must be actively maintained after each cell division rendering them a promising target for pharmacologic inhibition. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors like 5-aza-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) induce and/or up-regulate the expression of MAGE-type antigens in human and mice cancer cells. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to be an effective locally ablative anti-cancer treatment that has the additional advantage of stimulating tumor-directed immune response. We studied the effects of a new therapy that combined the demethylating agent 5-aza-dC with PDT in the breast cancer model 4T1 syngenic to immunocompetent BALB/c mice. PDT was used as a locally ablating tumor treatment that is capable of eliciting strong and tumor directed immune response while 5-aza-dC pretreatment was used promote de novo induction of the expression of P1A.protein. This is the mouse homolog of human MAGE family antigens and is reported to function as a tumor rejection antigen in certain mouse tumors. This strategy led to an increase in PDT-mediated immune response and better treatment outcome. These results strongly suggest that the MAGE family antigens are important target for PDT mediated immune response but that their expression can be silenced by epigenetic mechanisms. Therefore the possibility that PDT can be combined with epigenetic strategies to elicit anti-tumor immunity in MAGE-positive tumor models is highly clinically significant and should be studied in detail.
A Brewster route to Cherenkov detectors (2021)

Cherenkov detectors enable a valuable tool to identify high-energy particles. However, their sensitivity and momentum coverage are limited by the refractive index of host materials. Especially, identifying particles with energy above multiple gigaelectronvolts requires host materials with a near-unity refractive index, which are limited to bulky gas chambers. Overcoming this fundamental material limit is important for future particle detectors yet remains a long-standing challenge. Here, we propose a different paradigm for Cherenkov detectors that utilizes the broadband angular filter made from stacks of variable one-dimensional photonic crystals. Owing to the Brewster effect, the angular filter is transparent only to Cherenkov photons from a precise incident angle. Particle identification is achieved by mapping each Cherenkov angle to the peak-intensity position of transmitted photons in the detection plane. Such angular filtering effect, although decreases the photon number collected in the detection plane, enables the realization of a non-dispersive pseudo refractive index over the entire visible spectrum. Moreover, the pseudo refractive index can be flexibly designed to different values close to unity. Our angular-selective Brewster paradigm offers a feasible solution to implement compact and highly sensitive Cherenkov detectors especially in beam lines with a small angular divergence using regular dielectrics.
Developmental appearance of factors that bind specifically to cis-regulatory sequences of a gene expressed in the sea urchin embryo. (1988)

Previous gene-transfer experiments have identified a 2500-nucleotide 5' domain of the CyIIIa cytoskeletal actin gene, which contains cis-regulatory sequences that are necessary and sufficient for spatial and temporal control of CyIIIa gene expression during embryogenesis. This gene is activated in late cleavage, exclusively in aboral ectoderm cell lineages. In this study, we focus on interactions demonstrated in vitro between sequences of the regulatory domain and proteins present in crude extracts derived from sea urchin embryo nuclei and from unfertilized eggs. Quantitative gel-shift measurements are utilized to estimate minimum numbers of factor molecules per embryo at 24 hr postfertilization, when the CyIIIa gene is active, at 7 hr, when it is still silent, and in the unfertilized egg. We also estimate the binding affinity preferences (Kr) of the various factors for their respective sites, relative to their affinity for synthetic DNA competitors. At least 14 different specific interactions occur within the regulatory regions, some of which produce multiple DNA-protein complexes. Values of Kr range from approximately 2 x 10(4) to approximately 2 x 10(6) for these factors under the conditions applied. With one exception, the minimum factor prevalences that we measured in the 400-cell 24-hr embryo nuclear extracts fell within the range of 2 x 10(5) to 2 x 10(6) molecules per embryo, i.e., a few hundred to a few thousand molecules per nucleus. Three developmental patterns were observed with respect to factor prevalence: Factors reacting at one site were found in unfertilized egg cytoplasm at about the same level per egg or embryo as in 24-hr embryo nuclei; factors reacting with five other regions of the regulatory domain are not detectable in egg cytoplasm but in 7-hr mid-cleavage-stage embryo, nuclei are already at or close to their concentrations in the 24-hr embryo nuclei; and factors reacting with five additional regions are not detectable in egg cytoplasm and are low in 7-hr embryo nuclei, i.e., less than or equal to 10% per embryo of the level they attain in 24-hr embryo nuclei. The rise in concentration of factors of the latter class could provide the proximal cause for the temporal activation of the CyIIIa gene at the early blastula stage.
IR Observation of Selective Oxidation of Cyclohexene with H2O2over Mesoporous Nb2O5 (2009)

Liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of cyclohexene by H2O2 (35 wt %) over mesoporous Nb2O5 showed considerable conversion and high selectivity for both cis- and trans-1,2-cyclohexanediols in acetonitrile solvent. The mesoporous structure of the catalyst, in addition to its high surface area, was considered to be advantageous for the reaction due to more frequent interaction of molecules with active sites inside pores. Gradual formation of 1,2-cyclohexanediol from the reaction of adsorbed cyclohexene with diluted (10 wt %) H2O2 was observed at room temperature by an in situ infrared (IR) method. The absence of observation of an IR spectrum of 1,2-epoxycyclohexane confirmed that the hydrolysis of the oxidation product occurred immediately. In addition to the conventional stepwise oxidation and hydrolysis to produce 1,2-cyclohexanediol, a direct hydroxylation of cyclohexene was proposed: the production of cis-1,2-cyclohexanediol with about a half amount of trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol suggests the activation of H2O2 on the acidic OH groups of mesoporous Nb2O5 to directly produce both cis- and trans-1,2-cyclohexanediols from cyclohexene without forming 1,2-epoxycyclohexane. The hydrolysis of adsorbed cyclohexene to cyclohexanol was observed when more diluted (2.5 wt %) H2O2 was used. This indicates that H2O can be also activated for hydrolysis of olefin, but that the preferential activation of H2O2 over H2O occurs during the liquid-phase reaction with 35 wt % H2O2 on mesoporous Nb2O5.
Different Capacity of Monocyte Subsets to Phagocytose Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles (2011)

Human monocyte subsets internalize different magnetic nanoparticle preparations differently, resulting in variable loading capacities, imaging phenotypes and likely biological properties.
Attosecond vacuum UV coherent control of molecular dynamics (2014)

High harmonic light sources make it possible to access attosecond timescales, thus opening up the prospect of manipulating electronic wave packets for steering molecular dynamics. However, two decades after the birth of attosecond physics, the concept of attosecond chemistry has not yet been realized; this is because excitation and manipulation of molecular orbitals requires precisely controlled attosecond waveforms in the deep UV, which have not yet been synthesized. Here, we present a unique approach using attosecond vacuum UV pulse-trains to coherently excite and control the outcome of a simple chemical reaction in a deuterium molecule in a non-Born-Oppenheimer regime. By controlling the interfering pathways of electron wave packets in the excited neutral and singly ionized molecule, we unambiguously show that we can switch the excited electronic state on attosecond timescales, coherently guide the nuclear wave packets to dictate the way a neutral molecule vibrates, and steer and manipulate the ionization and dissociation channels. Furthermore, through advanced theory, we succeed in rigorously modeling multiscale electron and nuclear quantum control in a molecule. The observed richness and complexity of the dynamics, even in this very simplest of molecules, is both remarkable and daunting, and presents intriguing new possibilities for bridging the gap between attosecond physics and attochemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferroelectric, Ferrielectric, and Antiferroelectric Properties in the ( R)‐ and (S)‐1‐Methylalkyl 4′‐(4′′‐n‐Alkoxybenzoyloxy)biphenyl‐4‐ carboxylate Liquid Crystals. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Compliance Checking and IPSEC Policy Management (2000)

This draft describes an architecture for security policy management
for IPSEC based on the principle of ``compliance checking.'' We
describe a two-level policy hierarchy, in which security association
policy is managed by a highly flexible policy language, which in turn
provides input to packet policies that are managed by a fast packet
filtering language. We provide a sample SA policy language, based on
KeyNote, and describe interoperability issues for this architecture.
Interactive delineation of brain sulci and their merging into functional PET images (2002)

A set of software tools has been developed to assist the neuro(physio)logist in the analysis of a series of cerebral images from single subjects by fusing sulci manually delineated on MRI brain surface into PET functional data. The procedure requires coregistered datasets and involves 4 steps: (i) segmentation of anatomical MRI data in order to extract the brain surface, (ii) generate the brain surface views by parallel ray casting, (iii) manual delineation of the relevant sulci from the surface views and (iv) fusion of the landmarks into any coregistered dataset from the same subject. The brain surface is segmented automatically from 3D MRI data using a new "Directional Watershed Transform" algorithm. From the segmented brain surface, 8 orthogonal surface views are calculated as visual support for interactive stereo definition of the major brain sulci. Each sulcus is built as a 3D trace line using a few vertices which are manually defined on one or several surface views. This technique allows one to follow the brain surface curvature rather independently of the number and the position of the vertices. The sulci are saved in an individual file for further use. The brain surface viewer is linked (via the 3D cursor position) to an independent volume viewer containing a coregistered (anatomical or functional) volume. Sulcal landmarks are finally projected onto this volume allowing further volume of interest definition. The use of the tool set is illustrated by a single subject brain activation study after /sup 15/O water injection.
Classical capacity of fermionic product channels (2005)

We study multi-qubit quantum channels that can be represented as a product of one-mode fermionic attenuation channels. An explicit formula for the classical capacity $C_1$ and for the minimum output entropy $S_{min}$ of these channels is proposed. We compute $S_{min}$ analytically for any number of qubits under assumption that the minimum is achieved on a Gaussian input. Apart from that, a simple numerical method for evaluating $S_{min}$ is developed. The method is applicable to any channels that are sufficiently noisy. For fermionic product channels the proposed formula for $S_{min}$ agrees with the numerical results with a precision about $10^{-9}$.
Loss of Ultracold Rb87Cs133 Molecules via Optical Excitation of Long-Lived Two-Body Collision Complexes (2020)

We show that the lifetime of ultracold ground-state ^{87}Rb^{133}Cs molecules in an optical trap is limited by fast optical excitation of long-lived two-body collision complexes. We partially suppress this loss mechanism by applying square-wave modulation to the trap intensity, such that the molecules spend 75% of each modulation cycle in the dark. By varying the modulation frequency, we show that the lifetime of the collision complex is 0.53±0.06 ms in the dark. We find that the rate of optical excitation of the collision complex is 3_{-2}^{+4}×10^{3} W^{-1} cm^{2} s^{-1} for λ=1550 nm, leading to a lifetime of <100 ns for typical trap intensities. These results explain the two-body loss observed in experiments on nonreactive bialkali molecules.
Dynamics of the Nuclear and Electrically Pumped 1.45-μm Atomic Carbon Laser in Mixtures of Helium + CO And Helium + CO2 (1981)

The first successful modeling of an impurity-type nuclear pumped laser (NPL) (i.e., one that employs trace densities of the lasing species in a noble gas buffer), atomic carbon at 1.45 μm, was achieved. Such NPLs are important due to their low flux threshold and quasi-steady-state oscillation.The atomic carbon NPL is unique in that time delays up to 5 ms are observed between the laser signal and the excitation pulse in helium + CO2 mixtures while no delay is observed in helium + CO. Using a kinetic model in conjunction with an experimental program, we show that this difference in delay arises from slow dissociation of CO2 to form CO. Significantly, the model also successfully simulates electrical pumping of He-CO or CO2 mixtures.
A Novel Hybrid Active Learning Strategy for Nonlinear Regression (2009)

In many supervised machine learning problems, the labeling of data points is a very expensive operation, often requiring the intervention of a human agent to ac-complish the task. Therefore, many meth-ods have been developped to minimize the number of labeled data points required to achieve a certain accuracy. In active learn-ing, information gathered from previously labeled data is used to determine which data points need to be labeled next. This guarantees more efficient resource usage by focusing data points on areas which are estimated to be interesting or which have a high uncertainty. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid exploration-exploitation ac-tive learning strategy. 1
PARP-1-dependent RND1 transcription induced by topoisomerase I cleavage complexes confers cellular resistance to camptothecin (2018)

RHO GTPases regulate essential functions such as the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. The classic members cycle between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound conformation whereas atypical members are predominantly GTP-bound. Besides their well-established role, the classic RHO GTPases RHOB and RAC1, are rapidly induced and/or activated by genotoxic stress and contribute to the DNA damage response. Here we used camptothecin, a selective topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitor that stabilizes TOP1 cleavage complexes (TOP1cc), to search for other potential early DNA damage-inducible RHO GTPase genes. We identified that an atypical RHO GTPase, RND1, is rapidly induced by camptothecin. RND1 induction is closely associated with the presence of TOP1cc induced by camptothecin or by DNA lesions that elevate TOP1cc levels such as UV and hydrogen peroxide. We further demonstrated that camptothecin increases RND1 gene transcription and mRNA stability. Camptothecin also increases poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) activity, whose inhibition reduces RND1 transcription. In addition, overexpression of RND1 increases PARP-1, suggesting a cross-talk between PARP-1 and RND1. Finally, RND1 protects cells against camptothecin-induced apoptosis, and hence favors cellular resistance to camptothecin. Together, these findings highlight RND1 as an atypical RHO GTPase early induced by TOP1cc, and show that the TOP1cc-PARP-1-RND1 pathway protects cells against apoptosis induced by camptothecin.