gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Assembly and Dynamics Driven by Oligocarbonate–Fluorene End-Functionalized Poly(ethylene glycol) ABA Triblock Copolymers (2017)

The closed assembly transition from polymers to micelles and open assembly to clusters are induced by supramolecular π–π stacking in model oligocarbonate–fluorene (F-TMC) end-group telechelic polymers. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) depends on the F-TMC degree of polymerization that further controls the weak micelle association and strong clustering of micelles regimes. Clustering follows a multistep equilibria model with average size scaling with concentration reduced by the CMC as R ∼ (c/CMC)1/4. The F-TMC packing that drives the supramolecular self-assembly from polymers to micelles stabilizes these larger clusters. The clusters are characterized by internal relaxations by dynamic light scattering. This signifies that while F-TMC groups drive the clustering, the micelles interconnected via F-TMC bridging interactions remain coupled to the extent that the clusters relax via Rouse–Zimm dynamics, reminiscent of microgels.
Isolation and characterization of genes related to the breaking of beechnut dormancy and putatively involved in ethylene signal perception and transduction. (2003)

This chapter reports the isolation and characterization of 2 cDNA clones coding for an ethylene receptor and an ethylene transcription factor, respectively. These are up-regulated by ethephon (ethylene producing compound) and gibberellic acid (in the case of FsERS1), and seems to be correlated with the breaking of dormancy and onset of germination in beechnuts [Fagus sylvatica].
Self-Organizing and Adaptive Peer-to-Peer Network (2006)

In this paper, an algorithm that forms a dynamic and self-organizing network is demonstrated. The hypothesis of this work is that in order to achieve a resilient and adaptive peer-to-peer (P2P) network, each network node must proactively maintain a minimum number of edges. Specifically, low-level communication protocols are not sufficient by themselves to achieve high-service availability, especially in the case of ad hoc or dynamic networks with a high degree of node addition and deletion. The concept has been evaluated within a P2P agent application in which each agent has a goal to maintain a preferred number of connections to a number of service providing agents. Using this algorithm, the agents update a weight value associated with each connection, based on the perceived utility of the connection to the corresponding agent. This utility function can be a combination of several node or edge parameters, such as degree k of the target node, or frequency of the message response from the node. This weight is updated using a set of Hebbian-style learning rules, such that the network as a whole exhibits adaptive self-organizing behavior. The principal result is the finding that by limiting the connection neighborhood within the overlay topology, the resulting P2P network can be made highly resilient to targeted attacks on high-degree nodes, while maintaining search efficiency.
Discovering feature flag interdependencies in Microsoft office (2022)

Feature flags are a popular method to control functionality in released code. They enable rapid development and deployment, but can also quickly accumulate technical debt. Complex interactions between feature flags can go unnoticed, especially if interdependent flags are located far apart in the code, and these unknown dependencies could become a source of serious bugs. Testing all possible combinations of feature flags is infeasible in large systems like Microsoft Office, which has about 12000 active flags. The goal of our research is to aid product teams in improving system reliability by providing an approach to automatically discover feature flag interdependencies. We use probabilistic reasoning to infer causal relationships from feature flag query logs. Our approach is language-agnostic, scales easily to large heterogeneous codebases, and is robust against noise such as code drift or imperfect log data. We evaluated our approach on real-world query logs from Microsoft Office and are able to achieve over 90% precision while recalling non-trivial indirect feature flag relationships across different source files. We also investigated re-occurring patterns of relationships and describe applications for targeted testing, determining deployment velocity, error mitigation, and diagnostics.
pH dependence of the in situ formation of an organicN-chloramine water disinfectant (1987)

Staphylococcus aureus was used to assess the bactericidal efficacy of aqueous solutions of the organicN-chloramine compound 3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone (agent I) formed in situ. The rate of in situ formation, accomplished by reacting free chlorine with the amine precursor, was a function of pH. When the reagents were combined under acidic conditions (pH≤5.5) and allowed to react for 22 h, sufficient residual free chlorine was present to inactivate the bacteria in less than 5 min. When combined under less acidic conditions (pH≥6.0), comparable bacterial inactivation required 30–60 min due to the extensive reaction of the free chlorine to form agent I. The kill rates present under less acidic and neutral conditions are equivalent to those for pre-formed agent I. In water disinfection applications for pH≥6.0, in situ formation of agent I would provide a combination of rapid initial and slower long-term disinfection.
Cancer hallmarks in induced pluripotent cells: New insights (2010)

Studies are beginning to emerge that demonstrate intriguing differences between human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Here, we investigated the expression of key members of the Nodal embryonic signaling pathway, critical to the maintenance of pluripotency in hESCs. Western blot and real-time RT-PCR analyses reveal slightly lower levels of Nodal (a TGF-beta family member) and Cripto-1 (Nodal's co-receptor) and a dramatic decrease in Lefty (Nodal's inhibitor and TGF-beta family member) in hiPSCs compared with hESCs. The noteworthy drop in hiPSC's Lefty expression correlated with an increase in the methylation of Lefty B CpG island. Based on these findings, we addressed a more fundamental question related to the consequences of epigenetically reprogramming hiPSCs, especially with respect to maintaining a stable ESC phenotype. A global comparative analysis of 365 microRNAs (miRs) in two hiPSC versus four hESC lines ultimately identified 10 highly expressed miRs in hiPCSs with >10-fold difference, which have been shown to be cancer related. These data demonstrate cancer hallmarks expressed by hiPSCs, which will require further assessment for their impact on future therapies..
An Advance Neutron Generator for Field Based Active Interrogation Systems. (2008)

Abstract not provided.
Uptake of optically pure 18F-4-fluoro-L-glutamines in tumor cells by glutaminolysis (2010)

249 Objectives Changes in tumor gene expression, metabolism, and energy requirements within tumor cells have been the hallmark for cancer growth and self-sufficiency. Recent studies suggest that many tumors may utilize different biochemical pathways and nutrients for survival. 18F-4-fluoro-L-glutamine (racemic) and its resolved optical isomers (2S, 4R) and (2S, 4S) were developed as PET tracers for FDG-negative tumors. Methods Cell uptake of 18F-4-fluoro-L-glutamines were incubated in 9L and 9L.C6 (gliomas) tumor cells. After incubation of tracers, cells were lysed and counted for 18F activity. Similar uptake studies were also performed in RG2 (glioma) and two transformed human cell lines: K-562 (Leukemia) and SF188-bcl-xl (glioblastoma). Xenographs were produced in F344 rats by subcutaneous injection of 9L and 9L.C6 tumor cells in each shoulder flank. Biodistribution and PET imaging studies were conducted when tumor size reached a diameter of ~1cm. Results In vitro studies showed that both transformed tumor cells displayed a high 18F-4-fluoro-L-glutamine uptake (10 % dose/100 ug protein at 120 m), comparable to that of 3H-glutamine. RG2, 9L and 9L.C6 cells showed a lower, but indisputable, 18F-4-fluoro-L-glutamine uptake (2-4 % at 120 m). Biodistribution and PET imaging studies showed the tracers localizing in tumors with a higher uptake than those of surrounding muscle and liver tissues. Conclusions Data suggests that the tumor cells may be concurrently using glucose and glutamine for energy production. The results provide further support indicating that glutamine may be used as an alternative energy source for tumor cells. 18F-4-fluoro-glutamine may serve as a novel metabolic tracer for tumor imaging
Effect of assay methodology on pharmacokinetic differences between cyclosporine Neoral® and Sandimmune® formulations (1997)

The new oral formulation of cyclosporine (CsA), Neoral (CsA-N), results in increased area under the curve (AUC) and decreased intra- and interindividual variation in blood concentrations and other pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters when compared with the current Sand-immune (CsA-S) formulation. The present study examines the effect of assay methodology on variability in blood concentrations and PK parameters for renal transplant patients receiving CsA-N and CsA-S and whether this variation is reduced with CsA-N. The results show that interindividual variations in PK parameters for patients receiving CsA-N were less than those for patients receiving CsA-S. Both blood concentrations and dose of CsA better correlated with abbreviated (4-h) AUC after administration of CsA-N. For both CsA-S and CsA-N, blood concentrations at 4 h postdose exhibited the best correlation with AUC. All samples were analyzed by three common procedures: HPLC, RIA, and fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). There were no significant differences observed in blood concentrations or PK parameters obtained from FPIA and RIA. HPLC results, however, were lower because of specificity of this method for the parent drug. The assay methodology did not have an effect on interindividual variability, indicating that the cross-reactivity of metabolites in commonly used immunoassays for CsA does not contribute to the PK variability observed in renal transplant patients.
Flame Stabilization by Hot Products Gases Recirculation in a Trapped Vortex Combustor (2012)

New regulations regarding NOx emissions are forcing manufacturers to develop advanced research and technology strategies. Ultra-lean combustion is considered as an attractive solution; however, it generally produces combustion instabilities in swirl-stabilized burners. This work provides experimental results for a new burner technology based on two concepts: the trapped vortex combustor (TVC) and the ultra-compact combustor (UCC). Methane/air flame stabilization was achieved by generating hot product recirculation, with a rich pilot flame located in an annular cavity, and by flame holders located in the main flow slightly upstream of the cavity. In addition, azimuthal gyration could be added to the main flow to reproduce the suppression of the last diffuser stage, which increased the velocity and modified the mixing between the cavity and the mainstream due to centrifugal forces. The combustor characterization was performed by coupling several optical diagnostics, pollutant emissions, and pressure measurements (for both cold and reactive conditions) at atmospheric pressure. An understanding of the combustion dynamics was achieved through phase averaged PIV/CH* images. The analysis highlighted the importance of the stabilization process of a double vortex structure inside the cavity and the presence of reactive gas close to the upstream cavity wall. These conditions were improved by a high cavity equivalence ratio and a high main airflow rate. The addition of swirl considerably increased the flame stability.
Clinical Effects of Polymyxin B-Immobilized Fiber Column in Septic Patients (2007)

Endotoxin is one of the principal biological substances that cause gram-negative septic shock. Lack of clinical success with antiendotoxin or anticytokine therapy has shifted interest to extracorporeal therapies to reduce circulating levels of the mediators of sepsis. Direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin-B-immobilized fiber (PMX-F) is a promising treatment of gram-negative sepsis in critically ill patients. Because of the high affinity of polymyxin B for endotoxin, the rationale underlying extracorporeal therapy would be to remove circulating endotoxin by adsorption, thus preventing progression of the biological cascade of sepsis. In a systematic review of 28 studies (pooled sample size 1,390 patients), the preliminary results of which are described here, PMX-F therapy appeared to significantly lower endotoxin levels, improve blood pressure, and reduce mortality. However, publication bias and lack of blinding need to be considered. These encouraging results need to be verified with large-scale controlled clinical trials.
Determination, by NMR spectroscopy, of the structure of ciceritol, a pseudotrisaccharide isolated from lentils (1993)

An unknown pseudotrisaccharide was isolated from Lens culinaris seeds. NMR spectroscopy of this substance established unambiguously its structure as α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-6)-α-D-galactopyranosyl-&#13;\n(1-2)-4-0-methyl-chiro-inositol. This compound has received the trivial name of ciceritol. It has been previously identified as manninotriose.
Halogen Bonding inside a Molecular Container (2012)

The synthetic macrocycle cucurbit[6]uril forms host-guest inclusion complexes with molecular dibromine and diiodine. As evidenced by their crystal structures, the encapsulated dihalogens adapt a tilted axial geometry and are held in place by two different types of halogen-bonding interactions, one with a water molecule (bond distances 2.83 Å for O···Br and 3.10 Å for O···I) and the other one with the ureido carbonyl groups of the molecular container itself (bond distances 3.33 Å for O···Br and 3.49 Å for O···I). While the former is of the conventional type, involving the lone electron pair of an oxygen donor, the latter is perpendicular, involving the π-system of the carbonyl oxygen (N-C═O···X dihedrals ca. 90°). Such perpendicular interactions resemble those observed in protein complexes of halogenated ligands. A statistical analysis of small-molecule crystal structural data, as well as quantum-chemical calculations with urea as a model (MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ-PP), demonstrates that halogen bonding with the π-system of the carbonyl oxygen can become competitive with the commonly favored lone-pair interaction whenever the carbonyl group carries electron-donating substitutents, specifically for ureas, amides, and esters, and particularly when the lone pairs are engaged in orthogonal hydrogen bonding (hX bonds). The calculations further demonstrate that the perpendicular interactions remain significantly attractive also for nonlinear distortions of the O···X-X angle to ca. 140°, the angle observed in the two reported crystal structures. The structural and theoretical data jointly support the assignment of the observed dihalogen-carbonyl contacts as genuine halogen bonds.
Room Temperature 1.06-0.53 μm Second Harmonic Generation with MgO:LiNbO 3 (1991)

Second harmonic generation conversion efficiency of 45% was obtained with a 12 mm long specially grown and cut MgO:LiNbO3 crystal and fundamental peak power density of 140 MW/cm2.
3D printing and high tibial osteotomy (2018)

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a relatively conservative surgical option in the management of medial knee pain. Thus far, the outcomes have been variable, and apparently worse than the arthroplasty alternatives when judged using conventional metrics, owing in large part to uncertainty around the extent of the correction planned and achieved.This review paper introduces the concept of detailed 3D planning of the procedure, and describes the 3D printing technology that enables the plan to be performed.The different ways that the osteotomy can be undertaken, and the varying guide designs that enable accurate registration are discussed and described. The system accuracy is reported.In keeping with other assistive technologies, 3D printing enables the surgeon to achieve a preoperative plan with a degree of accuracy that is not possible using conventional instruments. With the advent of low dose CT, it has been possible to confirm that the procedure has been undertaken accurately too.HTO is the 'ultimate' personal intervention: the amount of correction needed for optimal offloading is not yet completely understood.For the athletic person with early medial joint line overload who still runs and enjoys life, HTO using 3D printing is an attractive option. The clinical effectiveness remains unproven. Cite this article: <i>EFORT Open Rev</i> 2018;3 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170075.
Towards grasping in unstructured environments: grasper compliance and configuration optimization (2005)

Abstract This paper examines the role of grasper compliance and kinematic configuration in environments where object size and location may not be well known. A grasper consisting of a pair of two-link planar fingers with compliant revolute joints was simulated as it passively deflected during contact with a target object. The kinematic configuration and joint stiffness values of the grasper were varied in order to maximize successful grasp range and minimize contact forces for a wide range of target object size. Joint rest angles around 25–45 degrees produced near-optimal results if the stiffness of the base joint was much smaller than the intermediate joint, as confirmed experimentally. Keywords: GRASPINGCOMPLIANCEUNSTRUCTURED ENVIRONMENTSMECHANISM DESIGN
ChemInform Abstract: New High‐Permittivity AgNb1‐xTaxO3 Microwave Ceramics. Part 2. Dielectric Characteristics. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimal and Sub-Optimal Spectrum Sensing of OFDM Signals in Known and Unknown Noise Variance (2011)

We consider spectrum sensing of OFDM signals in an AWGN channel. For the case of completely known noise and signal powers, we set up a vector-matrix model for an OFDM signal with a cyclic prefix and derive the optimal Neyman-Pearson detector from first principles. The optimal detector exploits the inherent correlation of the OFDM signal incurred by the repetition of data in the cyclic prefix, using knowledge of the length of the cyclic prefix and the length of the OFDM symbol. We compare the optimal detector to the energy detector numerically. We show that the energy detector is near-optimal (within 1 dB SNR) when the noise variance is known. Thus, when the noise power is known, no substantial gain can be achieved by using any other detector than the energy detector. For the case of completely unknown noise and signal powers, we derive a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) based on empirical second-order statistics of the received data. The proposed GLRT detector exploits the non-stationary correlation structure of the OFDM signal and does not require any knowledge of the noise power or the signal power. The GLRT detector is compared to state-of-the-art OFDM signal detectors, and shown to improve the detection performance with 5 dB SNR in relevant cases.
PD-XML: extensible markup language for processor description (2003)

This paper introduces PD-XML, a meta-language for describing instruction processors in general and with an emphasis on embedded processors, with the specific aim of enabling their rapid prototyping, evaluation and eventual design and implementation. PD-XML is not specific to any one architecture, compiler or simulation environment and hence provides greater flexibility than related machine description methodologies. We demonstrate how PD-XML can be interfaced to existing description methodologies and tool-flows. In particular we show how PD-XML specifications can be translated into appropriate machine descriptions for the parametric HPL-PD VLIW processor, and for the Flexible Instruction Processor (FIP) approach targeting reconfigurable implementations.
A multifunctional hole-transporter for high-performance TADF OLEDs and clarification of factors governing the transport property by multiscale simulation (2022)

A record-breaking efficient (EQE: 22%) and long-living (LT 50 : 28 000 h@1000 nit) TADF OLED is realized by using a multifunctional hole-transporter. The factors governing the transport properties are quantitatively analyzed by multiscale simulation.
Replication Data for: Cenozoic stages of forearc evolution following the accretion of a sliver from the Late Cretaceous-Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP): SW Ecuador-NW Peru (2019)

&lt;p&gt;The dataset include 2D seismic profiles and well log data from the Gulf of Guayaquil-Tumbes basin, SW Ecuador-NW Peru, used in the article: Cenozoic stages of forearc evolution following the accretion of a sliver from the Late Cretaceous-Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP): SW Ecuador-NW Peru.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The SW Ecuador-NW Peru forearc region is the southernmost location, where the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP) interacted with the South American margin since the Late Cretaceous. The accretion of the CLIP to the margin led to the entrapment of the North Andean crustal Sliver, conforming the underlying basement of the forearc region in Ecuador, whereas in NW Peru, forearc depocenters involve rocks of continental affinity. Many existing tectonic reconstructions have treated these two areas independently, largely based on their crustal affinities. In contrast, this study integrates previous studies into an analysis of unpublished seismic profiles, potential field data, outcrop stratigraphy, and recent studies dealing with the dynamics of allochthonous terrane accretion along continental margins. Our integrated approach shows that SW Ecuador was dominated by a Late Cretaceous deforming outer wedge, which may have constituted a remnant of a northeast or northwest-dipping obliquely obducted oceanic block at the edge of the CLIP. This tectonic phase was governed by plate instability, affecting NW Peru and SW Ecuador, followed by re-establishment of the margin by early Eocene. The resulting margin configuration and the spatial distribution of the different tectonic elements seems to have played a key role on further Cenozoic development of the forearc region. The model presented in this study proposes that the accretion of buoyant oceanic terranes may have had a profound impact on the early margin configuration of SW Ecuador and NW Peru and led to the development of localized but genetically related forearc depocenters.&lt;/p&gt;