gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Hydrogen Entry and its Mechanism by Plating and Corrosion Product (2020)

が挙げられる。 これらの方法を用いて，種々の環境における水素侵入への影 響因子が検討されている。 これまでの検討の多くは，裸の鋼材を用いて行われている。 しかし，めっきや腐食生成物が鋼材表面を覆っている場合に は，これらの皮膜が水素侵入を抑制する効果が期待され，そ の作用や機構を明らかにすることは重要な課題である。本報 では，各種環境におけるめっきや腐食生成物の作用に関する 過去の研究を概説する。さらに透過法を活用し，皮膜の水素 侵入抑制作用の定量化および機構解明を試みた研究例 5) を紹 介する。 2 ．水素透過時の皮膜の作用 水素透過法は薄板状の試験片を用いて，その片面を水素侵 入環境に曝し，試験片の反対面に透過する水素量を連続的に 測定する方法である 3) ,4) 。この方法を用いて，皮膜の作用を 解析する考え方 5) について，以下に説明する。図 1 に，鋼材 上に皮膜がない場合と，皮膜がある場合の水素活量および水 素濃度の分布の模式図を示す。図中の C は水素濃度，a は水 素活量，γは水素活量係数を示し，下付き添え字の 0 は水素 の入側界面，1 は出側界面，e は環境中，M は皮膜中，Fe は 母層の Fe 中の値であることを示す。 L は試験片の厚さである。 まず，裸の鋼材を用いて，水素侵入側および水素透過側 (水 素検知側) のいずれにも皮膜による抵抗がない場合には，定 常状態では水素の活量 (または濃度) は図 1(a) の分布となる。 図 1(a) の左側が環境 (水素侵入) 側， 右側が引き抜き側である。 引き抜き側の水素活量はゼロと考える。まず，環境中の水素 活量 a e と等しい活量の水素が母層 (Fe) 表面に固溶する。母 層表面の固溶水素濃度 C e は，a e
Comparing CT to surface digitization‐based measurements of cartilage thickness (2013)

Background Knowledge of cartilage thickness distribution is important for understanding the biomechanical properties of different joints. In recent studies, various techniques for measuring cartilage thickness have been assessed. Objective Compare the reliability of computed tomography (CT) and surface digitization‐based methods for measuring cartilage thickness. Methods Six cadaveric radii were CT scanned in air, barium sulfate, and iopamidol to determine which medium enabled optimal cartilage visualization. Images of cartilage in the best medium were used to generate three dimensional (3D) models for measurement. The radial heads were then digitized using an infrared motion tracking system. Cartilage thickness was measured as the distance from the deepest point on the cartilage surface to the bone. Both CT‐ and surface digitization‐based values were compared to physical measurements acquired using a digital caliper to determine which technique was most reliable for assessing cartilage thickness. Results CT and surface digitization had mean differences of −0.01±0.06mm (mean ± standard deviation) and 0.00±0.35mm, respectively. Surface digitization‐based measurements, however, had larger individual errors and a greater range of error (−0.42 to +0.62mm) compared to CT‐based measurements (−0.07 to +0.08mm). Conclusions CT is a more reliable technique for assessing cartilage thickness. Grant Funding Source : Departmental
Transcriptome analysis of pig intestinal cell monolayers infected with Cryptosporidium parvum asexual stages (2018)

These results indicate that C. parvum infection significantly changes host biological functions and provide new insight into gene functions driving early C. parvum intracellular development.
Nanoparticulate cell-free DNA scavenger for treating inflammatory bone loss in periodontitis (2022)

Periodontitis is a common type of inflammatory bone loss and a risk factor for systemic diseases. The pathogenesis of periodontitis involves inflammatory dysregulation, which represents a target for new therapeutic strategies to treat periodontitis. After establishing the correlation of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) level with periodontitis in patient samples, we test the hypothesis that the cfDNA-scavenging approach will benefit periodontitis treatment. We create a nanoparticulate cfDNA scavenger specific for periodontitis by coating selenium-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (SeHANs) with cationic polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM-G3), namely G3@SeHANs, and compare the activities of G3@SeHANs with those of soluble PAMAM-G3 polymer. Both G3@SeHANs and PAMAM-G3 inhibit periodontitis-related proinflammation in vitro by scavenging cfDNA and alleviate inflammatory bone loss in a mouse model of ligature-induced periodontitis. G3@SeHANs also regulate the mononuclear phagocyte system in a periodontitis environment, promoting the M2 over the M1 macrophage phenotype. G3@SeHANs show greater therapeutic effects than PAMAM-G3 in reducing proinflammation and alveolar bone loss in vivo. Our findings demonstrate the importance of cfDNA in periodontitis and the potential for using hydroxyapatite-based nanoparticulate cfDNA scavengers to ameliorate periodontitis.
Avian tenascin-W: Expression in smooth muscle and bone, and effects on calvarial cell spreading and adhesion in vitro (2006)

Tenascins are expressed in distinctive and dynamic patterns during development. Photo shows a section through the small intestine of a 17-day-old chicken embryo. Double-label indirect immunohistochemistry was used to localize tenascin-Y (the avian homologue of tenascin-X, identified with a red Alexa 594-tagged secondary antibody) and tenascin-R (identified with a green Alexa 488-taged secondary antibody). Tenascin-Y is concentrated in extracellular matrix of the muscularis mucosa, whereas the expression of tenascin-R is restricted to the autonomic nervous system. See Meloty-Kapella et al., Developmental Dynamics 235:1532–1542. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Supplementary Figure S1 from A Drug Repositioning Approach Identifies Tricyclic Antidepressants as Inhibitors of Small Cell Lung Cancer and Other Neuroendocrine Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;- PDF file 2159K, Inhibitory effects of imipramine, promethazine, and bepridil on SCLC cells in culture&lt;/p&gt;
Postquantum Cryptography—State of the Art (2017)

Because of public-key cryptography’s relevance and quantum computers’ increasingly realistic threat to this technology, it’s necessary to come up with practical and secure postquantum cryptography. This special issue aims to present the state of the art and the grand challenges in postquantum cryptography and to discuss the transition of real-world systems to the new technology.
"Super Growth" - highly efficient synthesis of impurity-free single-walled carbon nanotubes and its application (2005)

In this paper, we demonstrate an extremely efficient chemical vapour deposition synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes where the activity and lifetime of the catalysts are enhanced by an addition of water into the ambient of the CVD furnace, a growth mode we call "super growth". The enhanced catalytic activity of super growth results in massive growth of super-dense and vertically-aligned single-walled nanotubes forests with heights up to 2.5 millimeters. In addition, these SWNT forests were easily separated from the catalysts, producing the most pure SWNT material (over 99.98%) ever made, amazingly through an all-dry process without any purification. Moreover, patterned highly organized intrinsic single-walled nanotube structures were successfully fabricated. Super growth simultaneously addresses many critical problems such as scalability, purity, and cost, and opens up innumerable opportunities ranging from fundamental research to real applications.
Co@CoAl‐Layered Double Hydroxide/Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Composite Catalyst for Al−H2O‐Based Batteries: Simultaneous Hydrogen Production and Electricity Generation (2020)

Abstract Currently, the low energy efficiency of water electrolysis has compelled research toward the development of novel and energy‐effective strategies for low‐cost H 2 generation. In this context, we report a new concept of simultaneous H 2 and electricity generation by separating out the exothermic self‐sustained Al−H 2 O reaction via electrochemistry. In addition, to catalyze the cathodic water reduction reaction, a single‐pot and environmentally benign synthesis method is adopted. It results in the design of an electrocatalyst composed of Co@CoAl‐layered double hydroxide core‐shell nanospheres anchored over in situ generated N‐doped graphene. Toward the water reduction reaction, the designed catalyst shows a negative voltage shift of mere around 113 mV with respect to the commercial Pt/C catalyst to reach the benchmark 10 mA cm −2 , with excellent stability of approximately 86 % voltage retention after 12 h of continuous operation. The catalytic superiority of our material is evident when taken for battery‐level testing; the fabricated device was able to deliver an average output voltage of around 0.95 V at a discharge current density of 5 mA cm −2 along with H 2 liberation, which was also detected and quantified through gas chromatography.
Identification of an algal xylan synthase indicates that there is functional orthology between algal and plant cell wall biosynthesis (2018)

Insights into the evolution of plant cell walls have important implications for comprehending these diverse and abundant biological structures. In order to understand the evolving structure-function relationships of the plant cell wall, it is imperative to trace the origin of its different components. The present study is focused on plant 1,4-β-xylan, tracing its evolutionary origin by genome and transcriptome mining followed by phylogenetic analysis, utilizing a large selection of plants and algae. It substantiates the findings by heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a charophyte alga xylan synthase. Of the 12 known gene classes involved in 1,4-β-xylan formation, XYS1/IRX10 in plants, IRX7, IRX8, IRX9, IRX14 and GUX occurred for the first time in charophyte algae. An XYS1/IRX10 ortholog from Klebsormidium flaccidum, designated K. flaccidumXYLAN SYNTHASE-1 (KfXYS1), possesses 1,4-β-xylan synthase activity, and 1,4-β-xylan occurs in the K. flaccidum cell wall. These data suggest that plant 1,4-β-xylan originated in charophytes and shed light on the origin of one of the key cell wall innovations to occur in charophyte algae, facilitating terrestrialization and emergence of polysaccharide-based plant cell walls.
Repeated automatic sleep scoring based on ear-EEG is a valuable alternative to manually scored polysomnography (2022)

While polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard to quantify sleep, modern technology allows for new alternatives. PSG is obtrusive, affects the sleep it is set out to measure and requires technical assistance for mounting. A number of less obtrusive solutions based on alternative methods have been introduced, but few have been clinically validated. Here we validate one of these solutions, the ear-EEG method, against concurrently recorded PSG in twenty healthy subjects each measured for four nights. Two trained technicians scored the 80 nights of PSG independently, while an automatic algorithm scored the ear-EEG. The sleep stages and eight sleep metrics (Total Sleep Time (TST), Sleep Onset Latency, Sleep Efficiency, Wake After Sleep Onset, REM latency, REM fraction of TST, N2 fraction of TST, and N3 fraction of TST) were used in the further analysis. We found the sleep metrics: Total Sleep Time, Sleep Onset Latency, Sleep Efficiency, Wake After Sleep Onset were estimated with high accuracy and precision between automatic sleep scoring and manual sleep scoring. However, the REM latency and REM fraction of sleep showed high accuracy but low precision. Further, the automatic sleep scoring systematically overestimated the N2 fraction of sleep and slightly underestimated the N3 fraction of sleep. We demonstrate that sleep metrics estimated from automatic sleep scoring based on repeated ear-EEG in some cases are more reliably estimated with repeated nights of automatically scored ear-EEG than with a single night of manually scored PSG. Thus, given the obtrusiveness and cost of PSG, ear-EEG seems to be a useful alternative for sleep staging for the single night recording and an advantageous choice for several nights of sleep monitoring.
HSP90 inhibition downregulates DNA replication and repair genes via E2F1 repression (2021)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an especially aggressive and highly heterogeneous mature B-cell lymphoma. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is considered an attractive therapeutic target in a variety of cancers, including MCL, but no HSP90 inhibitors have succeeded in the clinical trials to date. Exploring fine mechanisms of HSP90 inhibition in cancer cells may shed light on novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we found that HSP90 knockdown and continuous inhibition with ganetespib inhibited growth of MCL cells in vitro and in vivo. To our surprise, transient exposure over 12 h was almost as efficient as continuous exposure, and treatment with ganetespib for 12 h efficiently inhibited growth and induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of MCL cells. Transcriptome analysis complemented by functional studies was performed to define critical MCL signaling pathways that are exceptionally sensitive to HSP90 inhibition and vital to cell fate. Six genes (cell division cycle 6, cell division cycle 45, minichromosome maintenance 4, minichromosome maintenance 7, RecQ-mediated genome instability 2, and DNA primase polypeptide 1) involved in DNA replication and repair were identified as consistently downregulated in three MCL cell lines after transient ganetespib treatment. E2F1, an important transcription factor essential for cell cycle progression, was identified as a ganetespib target mediating transcriptional downregulation of these six genes, and its stability was also demonstrated to be maintained by HSP90. This study identifies E2F1 as a novel client protein of HSP90 that is very sensitive and worthy of targeting and also finds that HSP90 inhibitors may be useful in combination therapies for MCL.
Interpretation of Temperature Observations From a Cyclic-Steam/ In-Situ-Combustion Project (1990)

Summary Data collected at 10 temperature observation wells were analyzed to evaluate the implementation of a combined process of cyclic steam stimulation followed by pressure-up/blowdown combustion for the in-situ recovery of bitumen. The temperature profiles at four observation wells, along the northeast/southwest fracture plane (on-trend direction), confirmed the height and orientation of the vertical fractures during cyclic steam stimulation. Six off-trend wells indicated that the heat transfer away from the fracture plane was predominantly conductive, with varying amounts of convective flow. During the in-situ combustion phase, frontal temperatures &amp;gt; 2, 200°F [1200°C] were detected. Data also indicated that the vertical location of the combustion front can be controlled by either gravity or mobility effects. The off-trend heating was improved as a result of higher convective heat fluxes.
Can we beat influenza? (2017)

For the past 65 years, the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS), coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO), has engaged in open and efficient sharing of information, viruses, and responsibilities. The GISRS's extraordinary longevity can be attributed to several generations of dedicated scientists and to the engagement of over 100 countries, often with limited resources. Currently, only two influenza A viruses and two influenza B clades are circulating and causing disease in humans, but 16 additional subtypes of influenza A viruses are circulating in nature (14 in birds and two in bats). Of the latter, six occasionally infect humans, providing an ever-looming pandemic threat. However, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge to predict if and when a particular viral subtype will acquire pandemic ability. We therefore still fail to predict influenza pandemics, and this must change.
Data from Integrin αvβ6 Promotes an Osteolytic Program in Cancer Cells by Upregulating MMP2 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The molecular circuitries controlling osseous prostate metastasis are known to depend on the activity of multiple pathways, including integrin signaling. Here, we demonstrate that the αvβ6 integrin is upregulated in human prostate cancer bone metastasis. In prostate cancer cells, this integrin is a functionally active receptor for fibronectin and latency-associated peptide-TGF-β1; it mediates attachment and migration upon ligand binding and is localized in focal contacts. Given the propensity of prostate cancer cells to form bone metastatic lesions, we investigated whether the αvβ6 integrin promotes this type of metastasis. We show for the first time that αvβ6 selectively induces matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; in multiple prostate cancer cells and promotes osteolysis &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; in an immunodeficient mouse model of bone metastasis through upregulation of MMP2, but not MMP9. The effect of αvβ6 on MMP2 expression and activity is independent of androgen receptor in the analyzed prostate cancer cells. Increased levels of parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP), known to induce osteoclastogenesis, were also observed in αvβ6-expressing cells. However, by using MMP2 short hairpin RNA, we demonstrate that the αvβ6 effect on bone loss is due to upregulation of soluble MMP2 by the cancer cells, not due to changes in tumor growth rate. Another related αv-containing integrin, αvβ5, fails to show similar responses, underscoring the significance of αvβ6 activity. Overall, these mechanistic studies establish that expression of a single integrin, αvβ6, contributes to the cancer cell—mediated program of osteolysis by inducing matrix degradation through MMP2. Our results open new prospects for molecular therapy for metastatic bone disease. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 74(5); 1598–608. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Amphiphilic α-helix mimetics based on a benzoylurea scaffold (2012)

The design and synthesis of amphiphilic benzoylurea α-helix mimetics is described. These conformationally constrained molecules allow for the correct angular and spatial projection of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups and thus the reproduction of side-chains on both faces of an α-helix.
Novel non-AR therapeutic targets in castrate resistant prostate cancer. (2013)

Castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a disease with significant morbidity and mortality. The recent approval of abiraterone and enzalutamide highlight the improvements which can be made targeting the androgen receptor (AR) axis. Nonetheless, resistance inevitably develops and there is continued interest in targeting alternate pathways which cause disease resistance and progression. Here, we review non-AR targets in CRPC, with an emphasis on novel agents now in development. This includes therapeutics which target the tumour microenvironment, the bone metastatic environment, microtubules, cellular energetics, angiogenesis, the stress response, survival proteins, intracellular signal transduction, DNA damage repair and dendritic cells. Understanding the hallmarks of prostate cancer resistance in CRPC has led to the identification and development of these new targets. We review the molecular rationale, as well at the clinical experience for each of these different classes of agents which are in clinical development.
IPMK and β-catenin mediate PLC-β1-dependent signaling in myogenic differentiation (2016)

In previous studies, we have reported that phospholipase C (PLC)-β1 plays a crucial role in myogenic differentiation and we determined the importance of its catalytic activity for the initiation of this process. Here we define the effectors that take part to its signaling pathway. We show that the Inositol Polyphosphate Multikinase (IPMK) is able to promote myogenic differentiation since its overexpression determines the up-regulation of several myogenic markers. Moreover, we demonstrate that IPMK activates the same cyclin D3 promoter region targeted by PLC-β1 and that IPMK-induced promoter activation relies upon c-jun binding to the promoter, as we have shown previously for PLC-β1. Furthermore, our data shows that IPMK overexpression causes an increase in β-catenin translocation and accumulation to the nuclei of differentiating myoblasts resulting in higher MyoD activation. Finally, we describe that PLC-β1 overexpression determines too an increase in β-catenin translocation and that PLC-β1, IPMK and β-catenin are mediators of the same signaling pathway since their overexpression results in cyclin D3 and myosin heavy chain (MYH) induction.
Association of Serum Procalcitonin With Cardiovascular Prognosis in Coronary Artery Disease (2011)

PCT is associated with future cardiovascular mortality in patients with CAD, but PCT is not superior to CRP for prediction of outcome.
An Application Specific Instruction Set Processor (ASIP) for Adaptive Filters in Neural Prosthetics (2015)

Neural coding is an essential process for neuroprosthetic design, in which adaptive filters have been widely utilized. In a practical application, it is needed to switch between different filters, which could be based on continuous observations or point process, when the neuron models, conditions, or system requirements have changed. As candidates of coding chip for neural prostheses, low-power general purpose processors are not computationally efficient especially for large scale neural population coding. Application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) do not have flexibility to switch between different adaptive filters while the cost for design and fabrication is formidable. In this research work, we explore an application specific instruction set processor (ASIP) for adaptive filters in neural decoding activity. The proposed architecture focuses on efficient computation for the most time-consuming matrix/vector operations among commonly used adaptive filters, being able to provide both flexibility and throughput. Evaluation and implementation results are provided to demonstrate that the proposed ASIP design is area-efficient while being competitive to commercial CPUs in computational performance.
El drama de los pájaros comunes (2016)

Las aves amenazadas de Espana aumentan, tal y como se desprende de los 
resultados del programa Sacre de SEO/BirdLife, que ha detectado el declive 
continuado de 39 especies de aves pequenas y hasta ahora abundantes. 
Un descenso que ha pasado inadvertido en muchos casos y que demuestra 
que si a las aves comunes les va mal es porque medios importantes como 
el agricola y el urbano tambien pierden calidad, y ello repercute a su vez 
en el ser humano. Conclusiones tan relevantes como estas dan prueba de 
que trabajar por la ciencia ciudadana –y SEO/BirdLife es pionera en ello– 
constituye una gran apuesta de conservacion.
Note: Micro-cantilevers with AlN actuators and PtSi tips for multi-frequency atomic force microscopy (2012)

We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of cantilevers with integrated AlN actuators and conductive PtSi tips for multi-frequency atomic force microscopy. These cantilevers also possess a stepped-rectangular geometry. The excellent dynamic behavior of these cantilevers is investigated using both finite-element simulations and experimental methods. Several imaging experiments are presented to illustrate the efficacy and versatility of these cantilevers.
Practical Superdirectivity With Resonant Screened Apertures Motivated by a Poynting Streamlines Analysis (2017)

Fundamental limits on the degree of practical achievable superdirectivity for antennas include narrow bandwidth, large antenna loss, and sensitivity to excitation and fabrication errors. Superdirective antennas are commonly considered as transmitters, but thinking of the antenna as a receiver may help to understand and overcome some of these limits on practical superdirectivity. We directly model a superdirective antenna in receive mode by calculating streamlines of Poynting vector held near the receiving antennas. Superdirectivity is achieved by expanding the shape of the effective area beyond the antenna physical aperture area. The degree of superdirectivity is parameterized by an effective area expansion distance. The theory predicts that superdirectivity is practical for electrically small and middle size antennas and electrically large antennas with a large aspect ratio. With this motivation, a 1.5λ×2λ superdirective horn antenna with resonant screen structure in front of the antenna aperture is designed and fabricated. The superdirective horn achieves a measured antenna efficiency of 115% over a reasonable bandwidth and with moderate sensitivity to fabrication errors.