gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical modelling of reinforced concrete at a 1:40 scale using additively manufactured reinforcement cages (2021)

Abstract Global level assumptions of numerical models have received relatively less attention, but have been indicated to be a major source of error in numerical modeling of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures. In parallel, it has been stated that a statistical approach involving many virgin specimens and ground motions is necessary for model validation. Such an approach would require very small‐scale testing. Then, the reinforcement fabrication becomes a major issue. This paper proposes using additive manufacturing to fabricate the reinforcement cage. It presents the results from cyclic tests on 1:40 RC cantilever members. The cages were manufactured using an SLM 3D printer able to print rebars with submillimeter diameters. Different longitudinal and transverse reinforcement configurations were tested. A numerical model using existing Opensees elements was built and its parameters were calibrated against material level small‐scale tests. It captured the cyclic response of the RC members with a reasonable accuracy. The cyclic behavior of the RC members resembles the behavior of full‐scale RC members indicating that such small‐scale specimens can be used for the statistical validation of the global level assumptions of numerical models.
Keynote: recent discoveries from Paxos (2004)

Summary form only given. The rapid decrease in the cost of computing and networks has made fault tolerance much cheaper. The gradual increase in the IQ of system designers is leading to a switch from programming hacks to provably fault-tolerant algorithms. These developments have motivated the resumption of archaeological research on Paxos. Some lower-bound theorems have recently been dug up, along with algorithms that achieve them. Rigorous examination of the hypotheses of these theorems have led to more efficient algorithms in certain interesting cases. Great excitement has been generated by a recently discovered parchment. There are indications that it was considered very significant by the Paxons. If it can be deciphered in time, its contents will be presented.
Networks and conetworks of PIB-based cyanoacrylate-telechelic prepolymers: Synthesis, characterization, and properties Part A Polymer chemistry (2008)

Novel networks and conetworks were prepared by the instantaneous polymerization of cyanoacrylate-telechelic three-arm star polyisobutylene [O(PIB-CA)₃] and the copolymerization of O(PIB-CA)₃/2,4,4-trimethylpentane cyanoacrylate (TMP-CA) mixtures, respectively, by means of strong nucleophiles, such as NEt₂-telechleic linear or three-arm star PIBs [O(PIB-NEt₂)₂ or ₃]. The reactants were combined in the bulk in double-barrel syringes by reaction injection molding (RIM). The chemical and mechanical properties of products prepared in the bulk and by conventional solution techniques were characterized by various techniques (swelling, extractables, FTIR and NMR spectroscopies, Instron, microhardness, oxidative resistance, DSC, DMTA). Conditions for the preparation of rubbery materials for possible biomedical applications were developed.
AGENT TCL: targeting the needs of mobile computers (1997)

Mobile computers have become increasingly popular as users discover the benefits of having their electronic work available at all times. Using Internet resources from a mobile platform, however, is a major challenge. Mobile computers do not have a permanent network connection and are often disconnected for long periods. When the computer is connected, the connection is often prone to sudden failure, such as when a physical obstruction blocks the signal from a cellular modem. In addition, the network connection often performs poorly and can vary dramatically from one session to the next, since the computer might use different transmission channels at different locations. Finally, depending on the transmission channel, the computer might be assigned a different network address each time it reconnects. Mobile agents are one way to handle these unforgiving network conditions. A mobile agent is an autonomous program that can move from machine to machine in a heterogeneous network under its own control. It can suspend its execution at any point, transport itself to a new machine, and resume execution on the new machine from the point at which it left off. Agent Tcl is a mobile agent system whose agents can be written in Tcl, Java, and Scheme. Agent Tcl has extensive navigation and communication services, security mechanisms, and debugging and tracking tools. We focus on Agent Tcl's architecture and security mechanisms, its RPC system, and its docking system, which lets an agent move transparently among mobile computers, regardless of when they are connected to the network.
Origin of lattice bowing of freestanding GaN substrates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (2016)

This paper describes a mechanism to explain the lattice bowing of freestanding GaN substrates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy on sapphire substrates. The freestanding GaN substrates typically exhibit a concave shape. It is revealed that the radius of curvature and lattice constant of the top surface are almost the same as those of the bottom surface. This is indicative of the complete relaxation of the GaN lattice, even though the freestanding GaN substrate exhibited a curvature. It is shown that dislocations are present in a plane normal to the growth direction in addition to conventionally known threading dislocations; these are referred to as in-plane dislocations. Based on these results, it is proven quantitatively that the extra-half planes related to the in-plane dislocations are primarily responsible for the phenomenon of lattice bowing.
A new method to optimize the satellite broadcasting schedules using the mean field annealing of a Hopfield neural network (1995)

Reports a new method for optimizing satellite broadcasting schedules based on the Hopfield neural model in combination with the mean field annealing theory. A clamping technique is used with an associative matrix, thus reducing the dimensions of the solution space. A formula for estimating the critical temperature for the mean field annealing procedure is derived, hence enabling the updating of the mean field theory equations to be more economical. Several factors on the numerical implementation of the mean field equations using a straightforward iteration method that may cause divergence are discussed; methods to avoid this kind of divergence are also proposed. Excellent results are consistently found for problems of various sizes.
Magnesium ion disrupts LAP surface re‐association of Listeria monocytogenes by dissociation of InlB (2020)

Listeria monocytogenes crosses intestinal epithelial barrier for the systemic spread, which is facilitated in part, by Listeria adhesion protein (LAP). LAP, a housekeeping enzyme called acetaldehyde alcohol dehydrogenase, is present in both pathogenic and nonpathogenic Listeria . LAP is secreted with the aid of SecA2 translocon, and its’ re‐association on the surface of pathogenic Listeria i.e., L. monocytogenes is critical for its function. However, the cell wall component(s) involved in LAP interaction is unknown, which was investigated. Using L. monocytogenes F4244 (WT), an isogenic lap − strain and purified recombinant LAP in the Caco‐2 cell adhesion assay and Western blot, we examined LAP re‐association on lap − cells. Extraneous added LAP restored adhesion capacity of lap − , but not of L. innocua to Caco‐2 cells, suggesting the presence of LAP‐interacting receptor(s) only on pathogenic bacteria. To locate LAP interaction partners, co‐immunoprecipitation of WT cell wall fraction using anti‐LAP mAb was analyzed by SDS‐PAGE. Selected protein bands were subjected to MALDI‐TOF protein identification showing involvement of internalin B (InlB). Next, we investigated the effect of MgCl 2 pretreatment on LAP re‐association on the cell surface, cell‐free supernatant, and consequent bacterial adhesion. Mg 2+ is a wall teichoic acid (WTA) charge neutralizing agent that reduced levels of InlB binding on the WT cell wall, resulting in surface disassociation of LAP. However, only partial surface reduction of LAP was observed in Δ inlB strain suggesting more than one ligand is involved. In conclusion, our results indicate that both InlB and WTA may participate in LAP re‐association on L. monocytogenes cell surface, which is essential for its pathogenic activities. Support or Funding Information The technical assistance of Uma Aryal, Valerie Ryan, and Aaron Gall and funding from USDA‐ARS project number 59‐8072‐6‐001 through the Center for Food Safety Engineering at Purdue University are acknowledged. LAP Surface Ligand Fishing Expedition As the experiment scheme shown (A), several Co‐immunoprecipated candidates were visualized by Sliver staining. Red arrow point to a potential receptor around 70 kDa (B). Abundance of each identified protein was graphed according to relative protein abundance (C). Internalin B is the first protein present only in pathogenic strain. Figure 1 MgCl 2 Treatment Affects LAP Dissociation and Bacterial Adhesion WB protein analysis in Supernatant and Cell Wall Fraction (A), growth curve (B) and adhesion (C) of LmWT grow with additional MgCl 2 in TSBYE. Figure 2
On Diversity Combining with Unknown Channel State Information and Unknown Noise Variance (2010)

We derive detection metrics for soft-output diversity combining for the case of imperfect channel state information at the receiver. We treat in particular the case when the noise variance at the receiver is unknown. We contrast conventional training-based methods to a detector based on the generalized likelihood-ratio (GLR) test paradigm. We study the performance of the detectors via EXIT chart analysis and via simulations of LDPC coded transmission over a fast Rayleigh fading channel. The results show that the GLR receivers can significantly outperform the conventional detectors.
Cooperating services for data-driven computational experimentation (2005)

The Linked Environments for Atmospheric Discovery (LEAD) project seeks to provide on-demand weather forecasting. A triad of cooperating services provides the core functionality needed to execute experiments and manage the data. In this article, we focus on three MyLEAD services - the metadata catalog service, notification service, and workflow service - that together form the core services for managing complex experimental meteorological investigations and managing the data products used in and generated during the computational experimentation. We show how the services work together on the user's behalf, easing the technological burden on the scientists and freeing them to focus on more of the science that compels them.
Engineered gene forEscherichia colialkaline phosphatase for the construction of translational fusions (1990)

Journal Article Engineered gene for Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase for the construction of translational fusions Get access Johann Kohl, Johann Kohl Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Universität für BodenkulturPeter Jordanstrasse 82, A-1190 Wien, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Florian Rüker, Florian Rüker * Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Universität für BodenkulturPeter Jordanstrasse 82, A-1190 Wien, Austria *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gottfried Himmler, Gottfried Himmler Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Universität für BodenkulturPeter Jordanstrasse 82, A-1190 Wien, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Diethard Mattanovich, Diethard Mattanovich Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Universität für BodenkulturPeter Jordanstrasse 82, A-1190 Wien, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hermann Katinger Hermann Katinger Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Universität für BodenkulturPeter Jordanstrasse 82, A-1190 Wien, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 4, 25 February 1990, Page 1069, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.4.1069 Published: 25 February 1990 Article history Received: 12 January 1990 Published: 25 February 1990
Single-event effects calibration using two-photon absorption and a CMOS image sensor (2023)

Abstract This paper proposes a method to get an indication of the amount of electron-hole pairs that are necessary to trigger a single-event effect (SEE) in electronics by using two-photon absorption (TPA) and a CMOS image sensor. One of the most important materials in electronics is silicon, which is also the photosensitive part of CMOS image sensors. TPA can occur in it when two photons with an energy lower than the bandgap energy interact with the same electron within a short time window. This can be done by focusing a pulsed laser beam on a sensitive node in the electronics, generating a cloud of electron-hole pairs and thus simulating a SEE. We propose to first measure the necessary laser energy to generate a SEE with TPA in the electronics, to then focus the laser beam with the same laser energy in the CMOS image sensor. With the CMOS image sensor, we will be able to tell how many electrons were detected, which gives a good indication of how many electron-hole pairs were needed for the SEE. This paper first describes TPA, then characterises different CMOS image sensors to finally compare those results with heavy-ions.
Adsorption Mechanism of Comb Polymer Dispersants at the Cement/Water Interface (2010)

Abstract Comb polymers are commonly used as dispersants to stabilize highly concentrated cement suspensions. The effectiveness of such polymeric additives to stabilize these suspensions is determined to a large extent by the amount adsorbed. In this study we investigated the adsorption characteristics of various comb dispersant containing different graft densities on surfaces of cement particle. The effect of inorganic salts on their adsorption was also examined in order to elucidate their adsorption mechanism. The results show that the adsorption of comb polymer dispersants on cement surface conforms approximately to Langmuir's adsorption isotherm and the characteristic plateau A s and adsorption free energy ΔGads are largely dependent on the anionic group content of the comb polymers. The A s and ΔGads increase with increasing anionic group content. This information suggests that the adsorption of comb polymers on cement surfaces is dominated by electrostatic interaction between COO-groups on the comb polymers and the positive surface of the cement. This conclusion is supported by effects of inorganics such as calcium and sulfate ions, and diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy. The implication of results for tuning polymers for the required performance in cement manufacture should be noted. Keywords: Adsorptioncement/water interfacecomb polymersalt effect This study is financially supported by Jiangsu Provincial Fund for Natural Sciences (Grant No. BK2007722), National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No. 2009CB623200) and Jiangsu Government Scholarship for Overseas Studies. We are grateful to Dr. Xiaohua Fang at Columbia University for very helpful discussions. Notes C3S, tricalcium silicate, C2S, dicalcium silicate, C3A, tricalcium aluminate, C4AF, tetracalcium aluminate ferrite. a M n = number average molecular weight. b M w = weight average molecular weight. c DPw, calculated according to M w . d calculated value, refers to the number of COO‒ per grams of polymer.
A Flexible, Ethernet Fronthaul for 5th Generation Mobile and Beyond (2016)

Using Ethernet in the fronthaul can deliver the statistical multiplexing gains offered by the new functional splits proposed for the radio access network, but latency and delay variations are challenges that must be overcome.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (2012)

The specific classification of pain states can help guide therapeutic approaches, and often clinical pain states are complex and involve multiple mechanisms. The choice of drug treatment for acute pain is typically a function of the severity of the pain. The treatment of inflammatory pain typically focuses on reducing the inflammation. Unlike inflammatory pain, the current approved treatments for neuropathic pain focus on treating the symptoms and not necessarily the underlying causes. To better understand the role of translational medicine in the development of pain treatments, it is useful to have a general understanding of the drug discovery process for pain drugs with particular emphasis on the use of animal models that currently play a major role in identifying candidate molecules for clinical trials. In pain research the most commonly used neuroimaging techniques are functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET).
Closed-loop flow regulation with balanced routing (2014)

A new rerouting approach for vehicular transit is introduced. The approach is illustrated with a real world scenario and evaluated through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform.
Host range and virulence of five baculoviruses from lepidopterous hosts (1984)

SUMMARY The host range and virulence of five insect baculoviruses (two multiply‐enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (MNPVs) from Agrotis segetum and Mamestra brassicae; one singly‐enveloped NPV from Plusia gamma and two granulosis viruses (GVs) from A. segetum and Pieris brassicae ) were studied for seven lepidopterous pests of temperate agriculture ( A. segetum, Agrotis exclamationis, Lacanobia oleracea, M. brassicae, Noctua pronuba, P. gamma and Pieris rapae). None of the viruses killed all species but M. brassicae MNPV failed to infect only P. rapae. The other viruses were restricted to the homologous host, or members of its genus or subfamily. In all examples except A. segetum GV, the median lethal dose for the most susceptible host, was less than 22 virus inclusion bodies and median lethal times for all infections ranged from 5·5 to 16·6 days. The low susceptibility of A. segetum and other noctuids to GV infections is discussed in relation to the structure of inclusion bodies and the nature of the infectious unit in baculoviruses.
Fine structure genetic and physical map of the phage P22 tail protein gene. (1989)

Bacteriophage P22 which are incapable of making functional tail protein can be propagated by the addition of purified mature tail protein trimers to either liquid or solidified medium. This unique in vitro complementation condition has allowed us to isolate 74 absolute lethal tail protein mutants of P22 after hydroxylamine mutagenesis. These phage mutants have an absolute requirement for purified P22 tail protein to be present in a soft agar overlay in order to form plaques and do not grow on any nonsense suppressing strains of Salmonella typhimurium. In order to genetically map and physically locate these mutations we have constructed two complementary sets of fine structure deletion mapping strains using a collection of Tn1 insertions in gene 9, the structural gene for the tail protein. Fourteen bacteriophage P22 strains carrying unique Tn1 transposon insertions (Ap phage) in gene 9 have been crossed with Ap phage carrying Tn1 insertions in gene 20. Phage carrying deletions that arose from homologous recombination between the Tn1 elements were isolated as P22 lysogens. The deletion prophage were shown to be missing all genetic information bracketed by the parental Tn1 elements and thus form a set of deletions into gene 9 from the 5' end of the gene. From the frequency of production of these deletion phage the orientation of the Tn1 insertions in gene 9 could be deduced. The genetic end points of the deletions in gene 9 and thus the order of Tn1 insertions were determined by marker rescue experiments using the original Ap phage. The genetic end points of the deletions in gene 20 were determined in similar experiments using nonsense mutations in gene 20. To locate the physical end points of these deletions in gene 9, DNA containing the Tn1 element has been cloned from each of the original Ap phage into plasmids. The precise point of insertion of Tn1 into gene 9 was determined by restriction enzyme mapping and DNA sequencing of the relevant portions of each of these plasmids. In vitro deletion of different 3' gene 9 sequences in the plasmid clones was accomplished through the use of unique restriction endonuclease sites in Tn1. The resulting plasmids form a set of deletions extending into the 3' end of the gene which are complementary compared to the deletion lysogens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Si / SiO2 Interface Oxidation Kinetics: A Physical Model for the Influence of High Substrate Doping Levels: I . Theory (1979)

A physical model based on the statistics of silicon point defects is proposed to explain the commonly observed enhanced oxidation rates of heavily doped silicon. The physical effect of the high doping levels on the interface oxidation kinetics is postulated to be primarily electrical in nature. The high doping levels shift the position of the Fermi level toward the conduction band (n‐type) or toward the valence band (p‐type) even at oxidation temperatures, causing an increase in the equilibrium concentration of point defects (vacancies) in the silicon substrate. These point defects may provide reaction sites for the chemical reaction converting Si to and thereby increase the rate at which this reaction occurs. This paper describes the theoretical basis for this model and predicts quantitatively the expected oxidation rates for n+‐ and p+‐doped silicon under a wide range of oxidation conditions.
Newly Designed Star-Shaped Polystyrene:  Synthesis and Characterization (1998)

In this study, emphasis is placed on the synthesis of hexaarm star polystyrene obtained via “living” cationic polymerization, using a newly designed hexafunctional initiator (1). This hexafunctional initiator (1) has been prepared via [Fe(C5H5)]+-induced hexabenzylation of hexamethylbenzene, followed by a regiospecific sequence of reactions meant to generate six phenylethyl chloride (PhEtCl) groups on the para position of the outer rings. The conditions that afford a truly controlled polymerization of styrene were first defined using PhEtCl as the monofunctional model of (1). Finally, these conditions were used to build hexaarm star polymers from (1) as plurifunctional initiator. Well-defined star samples were obtained over a wide range of molar masses (103 g/mol ≤ M̄n ≤ 105 g/mol) via this original divergent method.
Catalyst decay in the kinetics of methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation over Pt‐NaY zeolite (1979)

Abstract The kinetics of the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane to toluene over platinum on NaY zeolite have been studied at 390°C and atmospheric pressure. Cumulative conversion data obtained at constant space velocity and various reaction times on stream was treated using the “Time on Stream” theory. In this way the rate constants for both dehydrogenation and catalyst decay have been determined. The reaction has been shown to occur via a series of consecutive partial dehydrogenations, with the first dehydrogenation as the rate controlling step. The influence of the partially dehydrogenated products as well as the influence of the toluene, on the deactivation of the catalyst is discussed.