gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Main results of the 4th International PIV Challenge (2016)

In the last decade, worldwide PIV development efforts have resulted in significant improvements in terms of accuracy, resolution, dynamic range and extension to higher dimensions. To assess the achievements and to guide future development efforts, an International PIV Challenge was performed in Lisbon (Portugal) on July 5, 2014. Twenty leading participants, including the major system providers, i.e., Dantec (Denmark), LaVision (Germany), MicroVec (China), PIVTEC (Germany), TSI (USA), have analyzed 5 cases. The cases and analysis explore challenges specific to 2D microscopic PIV (case A), 2D time-resolved PIV (case B), 3D tomographic PIV (cases C and D) and stereoscopic PIV (case E). During the event, 2D macroscopic PIV images (case F) were provided to all 80 attendees of the workshop in Lisbon, with the aim to assess the impact of the user’s experience on the evaluation result. This paper describes the cases and specific algorithms and evaluation parameters applied by the participants and reviews the main results. For future analysis and comparison, the full image database will be accessible at http://www.pivChallenge.org .
Carrier‐Type Modulation and Mobility Improvement of Thin MoTe2 (2017)

A systematic modulation of the carrier type in molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe<sub>2</sub> ) field-effect transistors (FETs) is described, through rapid thermal annealing (RTA) under a controlled O<sub>2</sub> environment (p-type modulation) and benzyl viologen (BV) doping (n-type modulation). Al<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> capping is then introduced to improve the carrier mobilities and device stability. MoTe<sub>2</sub> is found to be ultrasensitive to O<sub>2</sub> at elevated temperatures (250 °C). Charge carriers of MoTe<sub>2</sub> flakes annealed via RTA at various vacuum levels are tuned between predominantly pristine n-type ambipolar, symmetric ambipolar, unipolar p-type, and degenerate-like p-type. Changes in the MoTe<sub>2</sub> -transistor performance are confirmed to originate from the physical and chemical absorption and dissociation of O<sub>2</sub> , especially at tellurium vacancy sites. The electron branch is modulated by varying the BV dopant concentrations and annealing conditions. Unipolar n-type MoTe<sub>2</sub> FETs with a high on-off ratio exceeding 10<sup>6</sup> are achieved under optimized doping conditions. By introducing Al<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> capping, carrier field effect mobilities (41 for holes and 80 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> for electrons) and device stability are improved due to the reduced trap densities and isolation from ambient air. Lateral MoTe<sub>2</sub> p-n diodes with an ideality factor of 1.2 are fabricated using the p- and n-type doping technique to test the superb potential of the doping method in functional electronic device applications.
An in Trans Interaction at the Interface of the Helicase and Primase Domains of the Hexameric Gene 4 Protein of Bacteriophage T7 Modulates Their Activities (2009)

DNA helicase and primase are essential for DNA replication. The helicase unwinds the DNA to provide single-stranded templates for DNA polymerase. The primase catalyzes the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides for the initiation of lagging strand synthesis. The two activities reside in a single polypeptide encoded by gene 4 of bacteriophage T7. Their coexistence within the same polypeptide facilitates their coordination during DNA replication. One surface of helix E within the helicase domain is positioned to interact with the primase domain and the linker connecting the two domains within the functional hexamer. The interaction occurs in trans such that helix E interacts with the primase domain and the linker of the adjacent subunit. Most alterations of residues on the surface of helix E (Arg(404), Lys(408), Tyr(411), and Gly(415)) eliminate the ability of the altered proteins to complement growth of T7 phage lacking gene 4. Both Tyr(411) and Gly(415) are important in oligomerization of the protein. Alterations G415V and K408A simultaneously influence helicase and primase activities in opposite manners that mimic events observed during coordinated DNA synthesis. The results suggest that Asp(263) located in the linker of one subunit can interact with Tyr(411), Lys(408), or Arg(404) in helix E of the adjacent subunit depending on the oligomerization state. Thus the switch in contacts between Asp(263) and its three interacting residues in helix E of the adjacent subunit results in conformational changes that modulate helicase and primase activity.
Microfluidic SAXS Study of Lamellar and Multilamellar Vesicle Phases of Linear Sodium Alkylbenzenesulfonate Surfactant with Intrinsic Isomeric Distribution (2016)

The structure and flow behavior of a concentrated aqueous solution (45 wt %) of the ubiquitous linear sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate (NaLAS) surfactant is investigated by microfluidic small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) at 70 °C. NaLAS is an intrinsically complex mixture of over 20 surfactant molecules, presenting coexisting micellar (L1) and lamellar (Lα) phases. Novel microfluidic devices were fabricated to ensure pressure and thermal resistance, ability to handle viscous fluids, and low SAXS background. Polarized light optical microscopy showed that the NaLAS solution exhibits wall slip in microchannels, with velocity profiles approaching plug flow. Microfluidic SAXS demonstrated the structural spatial heterogeneity of the system with a characteristic length scale of 50 nL. Using a statistical flow-SAXS analysis, we identified the micellar phase and multiple coexisting lamellar phases with a continuous distribution of d spacings between 37.5 and 39.5 Å. Additionally, we showed that the orientation of NaLAS lamellar phases is strongly affected by a single microfluidic constriction. The bilayers align parallel to the velocity field upon entering a constriction and perpendicular to it upon exiting. On the other hand, multilamellar vesicle phases are not affected under the same flow conditions. Our results demonstrate that despite the compositional complexity inherent to NaLAS, microfluidic SAXS can rigorously elucidate its structure and flow response.
Fault Detection And Identification With Application To Advanced Vehicle Control Systems: Final Report - eScholarship (1996)

This study reports on a preliminary design of a health monitoring system for automated vehicles. A new detailed nonlinear vehicle simulation which extends the current simulation is documented and will be used as a future testbed for evaluating the performance of the health monitoring system. A health monitoring system has been constructed for the lateral and longitudinal modes that monitors twelve sensors and three actuators. The approach is to fuse data from dissimilar instruments using modeled dynamic relationships and fault detection and identification filters.
ChemInform Abstract: ALPHA,BETA‐AETHYLENSULFONE AUS SULFONOMETHYLPHOSPHONAT‐CARBANIONEN UND ALDEHYDEN BZW. KETONEN (1973)

Abstract Sulfonomethyl‐phosphonate (I) werden unter Verwendung des bei ‐78°C erhaltenen Li‐Salzes mit den Oxo‐Verbindungen (II) zu den α,β‐ungesättigten Sulfonen (VII) kondensiert.
Immuno-proteomic interrogation of antigen presentation during Dengue and Zika infections reveals novel targets for the design of broad acting T-cell vaccines (2017)

Abstract The recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection across the Americas has raised dire concerns about its potential long-term health effects including its negative impact on neuronal, psychological and motor development in affected individuals. Emerging evidence pointing to Alzheimer’s-like damage to the adult brain further highlights the urgent need for efficacious prophylactic measures. Zika-affected regions are often endemic to the related Dengue virus (DENV). Antibodies against the two viruses are crossreactive and cause antibody-mediated enhancement (ADE) of infection. This confounds the design of traditional vaccines that elicit humoral antibody-mediated responses. T cell vaccines mediated by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that recognize conserved viral epitopes presented on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) of infected cells are unencumbered by ADE and can supplement or substitute traditional vaccines. In order to identify robust T cell vaccine candidates, we first used an immunoproteomic approach and isolated over 100 novel DENV and ZIKA epitopes presented by infected B lymphocytes in vitro. These viral peptides were not predicted to be epitopes by computational programs typically used for epitope discovery, which discard &amp;gt;95% of all predictions. Focussing on epitopes derived from polyprotein regions strictly conserved between the two viruses, we validated the presentation of these epitopes in primary dendritic cells and assayed their ability to stimulate robust T cell responses in ex vivo ELISpot assays. Together these discoveries let us assay the immunogenic potentials of an unprecedented range of DENV and ZIKV antigens which have the potential to serve as broad acting and effective Zika vaccine candidates.
Low Levels of Endotoxin Enhance Allergen-Stimulated Proliferation and Reduce the Threshold for Activation in Human Peripheral Blood Cells (2007)

Very low doses of LPS enhance proliferation and decrease the apparent threshold level for cell activation, prompting careful evaluation of allergen stimulated T cell activation in vitro.
Anchimerically assisted unprecedented SNi-type cleavage of cyclic sulfites: application in the synthesis of the calcium channel blocker diltiazem (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnchimerically assisted unprecedented SNi-type cleavage of cyclic sulfites: application in the synthesis of the calcium channel blocker diltiazemBraj B. Lohray, Balakrishnan Jayachandran, Vidya Bhushan, Erathodiyil Nandanan, and Thottappallil RavindranathanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 18, 5983–5985Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00123a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00123a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views291Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel Chiral Biheteroaromatic Diphosphine Oxides for Lewis Base Activation of Lewis Acids in Enantioselective Allylation and Epoxide Opening (2008)

Abstract Enantiomerically pure biheteroaromatic diphosphine oxides were synthesised and tested as organocatalysts in two different reactions involving trichlorosilyl compounds. The allylation of aldehydes with allyl(trichloro)silane afforded homoallylic alcohols in fair to good yields and up to 95% ee . Preliminary experiments showed that this new class of metal‐free catalysts was able also to promote the stilbene oxide opening by addition of tetrachlorosilane with enantioselectivity higher than 80%. The interesting results in terms of chemical and stereochemical efficiency open the way to further studies towards the development of new chiral heteroaromatic Lewis bases as efficient metal‐free catalysts.
Src Tyrosine Kinase Regulates Adhesion and Chemotaxis in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (2009)

Taken together, these results delineate the role of Src kinase activity in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and provide the framework for future clinical trials using Src inhibitors in combination with other drugs to improve the outcome of patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.
A printed spherical helix antenna (2010)

We present the design and fabrication of an electrically-small printed spherical helix antenna. The antenna consists of 6 helical arms printed onto a hemispherical substrate. It is designed to operate at 1 GHz, and the minimum radius sphere that circumscribes the antenna is 1.73 cm (ka = 0.36). The antenna is fabricated using a new direct transfer patterning process capable of printing ≈ 1μm feature sizes onto arbitrarily contoured substrates.
Intelligent distributed fault and performance management for communication networks (2002)

This dissertation is devoted to the design of an intelligent, distributed fault and performance management system for communication networks. The architecture is based on a distributed agent paradigm, with belief networks as the framework for knowledge representation and evidence propagation. The dissertation consists of four major parts. First, we choose the mobile code technology to help implement a distributed, extensible framework for supporting adaptive, dynamic network monitoring and control. The focus of our work is on three aspects. First, the design of the standard infrastructure, or Virtual Machine, based on which agents could be created, deployed, managed and initiated to run. Second, the collection API for our delegated agents to collect data from network elements. Third, the callback mechanism through whichthe functionality of the delegated agents or even the native software could be extended. We propose three system designs based on such ideas. Second, we propose a distributed framework for intelligent fault management purpose. The managed network is divided into several domains and for each
A bispecific nanobody approach to leverage the potent and widely applicable tumor cytolytic capacity of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells (2017)

Though Vγ9Vδ2-T cells constitute only a small fraction of the total T cell population in human peripheral blood, they play a vital role in tumor defense and are therefore of major interest to explore for cancer immunotherapy. Vγ9Vδ2-T cell-based cancer immunotherapeutic approaches developed so far have been generally well tolerated and were able to induce significant clinical responses. However, overall results were inconsistent, possibly due to the fact that these strategies induced systemic activation of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells without preferential accumulation and targeted activation in the tumor. Here we show that a novel bispecific nanobody-based construct targeting both Vγ9Vδ2-T cells and EGFR induced potent Vγ9Vδ2-T cell activation and subsequent tumor cell lysis both <i>in vitro</i> and in an <i>in vivo</i> mouse xenograft model. Tumor cell lysis was independent of <i>KRAS</i> and <i>BRAF</i> tumor mutation status and common Vγ9Vδ2-T cell receptor sequence variations. In combination with the conserved monomorphic nature of the Vγ9Vδ2-TCR and the facile replacement of the tumor-specific nanobody, this immunotherapeutic approach can be applied to a large group of cancer patients.
Application of optical properties of the Vi capsular polysaccharide for quantitation of the Vi antigen in vaccines for typhoid fever (1988)

The capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi and of Citrobacter freundii (Vi) is a linear homopolymer of alpha 1,4-linked N-acetylgalactosaminuronic acid, variably O-acetylated at the C-3 position. Vaccines composed of Vi confer protection against typhoid fever with an efficacy of about 70%; Vi has recently been conjugated to proteins to increase its immunogenicity and effectiveness (I.L. Acharya, R. Tapa, V.L. Gurubacharya, M.B. Shrestha, C.U. Lowe, D.D. Bryla, R. Schneerson, J.B. Robbins, T. Crampton, B. Trollfors, M. Cadoz, D. Schulz, and J. Armand, N. Engl. J. Med. 317:1101-1104, 1987; K.P. Klugman, I. Gilbertson, H.J. Kornhof, J.B. Robbins, R. Schneerson, D. Schulz, M. Cadoz, and J. Armand, Lancet ii:1165-1169, 1987; S.C. Szu, A.L. Stone, J.D. Robbins, R. Schneerson, and J.B. Robbins, J. Exp. Med. 166:1510-1524, 1987). Vi, however, cannot be measured by conventional colorimetric methods. Two optical techniques were adapted to quantitate Vi in vaccines. The first, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, was performed on salt-free, freeze-dried samples. The intensities of the absorbance peaks of Vi were proportional to the amount of Vi within the range of 0.25 to 2.0 mg. The amount of Vi was determined from integrated absorptions at the 1,235- or 1,417-cm-1 band. The second technique, spectrophotometric titration, was more sensitive than the Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and could be performed on dilute solutions. The metachromatic effect of the reaction between the aromatic cationic dye acridine orange and the carboxyl groups of Vi was quantitative within +/- 2% in the range of 20 to 700 micrograms of Vi per ml. The accuracy of the titration of Vi in the vaccines was within +/- 8%. These two methods may be applicable to measure other capsular polysaccharides in vaccines.
Biological expression of an Escherichia coli consensus sequence promoter and some mutant derivatives. (1983)

A prokaryotic consensus sequence promoter has been chemically synthesized and cloned in bacterial plasmid vectors. This designed sequence is biologically active and promotes efficient expression of the genes to which it is fused. It is an unusually strong promoter in vitro, capable of specifying multiple rounds of transcription even when there is a large molar excess of heparin present prior to the addition of RNA polymerase. These properties make this a useful sequence for the in vitro production of RNAs. A 2-base-pair spacer mutant and a -35 region transversion mutant have been created in vitro in the synthetic promoter by synthetic-DNA-mediated, site-specific mutagenesis. The spacer mutant has a marginal in vivo effect on promoter strength but virtually abolishes the in vitro heparin resistance. The -35 region transversion changes a highly conserved nucleotide into the statistically least preferred base. This mutation has no marked effect on in vivo or in vitro promoter strength.
FTIR Studies Of Molecular Assemblies On Solid Surfaces (1989)

The first observation of spontaneous assembly from solution of a well-ordered polymer monolayer is reported for the system poly(1-octadecene-co-maleic anhydride) adsorbed from ethanol solution onto silver substrates. Analysis by grazing incidence reflection infrared spectroscopy suggests that these monolayers compare quite favorably in terms of orientational order with Langmuir-Blodgett films made from the same material. Thermal stability of these films is significantly enhanced compared to analogous monomeric monolayers of fatty acids.
Direct Shaping of Alumina Ceramics by Electrophoretic Deposition Using Conductive Polymer-Coated Ceramic Substrates (2007)

Cathodic electrophoretic deposition of bimodal alumina suspension was performed using conductive polypyrrole (Ppy) film as an electrode. The coating of the Ppy on nonconductive ceramic substrates was performed by polymerization of pyrrole (Py) in an aqueous solution. The relative green density of the deposits measured by Archimedes’ method was 68 %. Alumina ceramics were obtained by sintering the deposits together with the Ppy coated ceramic substrates in air.
Polymer Nanocomposites through Controlled Self-Assembly of Cubic Silsesquioxane Scaffolds (2004)

A novel bottom-up approach to obtain polymer nanocomposites using cubic silsesquioxanes (POSS) nanoparticles as building blocks is reported. The design is based on associative interaction between particles to form ordered nanostructure and limited crystal growth to render anisotropic shapes. Specifically, the affinity between POSS units causes these particles to aggregate and closely pack into a crystalline lattice. The organic polymer, covalently connected to each POSS unit, limits the crystallization into a two-dimensional lattice as demonstrated in random copolymers of polybutadiene and cubic silsesquioxanes. The copolymers were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis copolymerization of cyclooctadiene and POSS bearing a polymerizable norbornene group. The polymers were characterized using NMR, DSC, TEM, WAXD, and SAXS. The data from TEM and X-ray diffraction clearly show the formation of two-dimensional lamellar-like nanostructures of assembled cubic silsesquioxanes.
A fiber-grating-based distributed light source (2006)

Line scan cameras are used for rapidly monitoring a moving web or sheet of material. Lighting for line scan inspection should illuminate a long narrow rectangle, which is imaged onto the linear array of pixels in a line scan camera. This distributed light source should provide a uniform power density at the desired wavelengths. Tungsten halogen lamps and LED arrays can meet many of these objectives, but not in a highly directional beam with minimal thermal issues. We have developed a new distributed light source that is based on diffracting light from a highly blazed grating written in the core of a single mode fiber. The grating is blazed such that out-coupling is 90 degrees to the fiber axis. The fiber is bonded to a cylindrical optic that collimates the azimuthal power distribution. Connecting a single laser diode to the fiber can generate 1 milliwatt per square centimeter over a 10 cm by 0.5 cm rectangular region. Longer gratings and/or multiple segments can be connected to illuminate longer regions. The distributed power density, spatial uniformity, degree of collimation, and spectral bandwidth of these illuminated rectangles are reported. This highly directional distributed source will enhance the utility of line scan cameras in multiple applications.
An integrated self priming circuit with electret charge source (2018)

Dielectric elastomer generators (DEG) are well suited to harvest energy from natural motion sources (e.g. water, human locomotion). DEG require a source of high voltage charge to generate energy. In low cost, low power DEG, a high voltage charge source is expensive and impractical to implement. The Self Priming Circuit (SPC) can be used to remove the high voltage charge source and replace it with a low voltage one. The SPC works by moving charge onto and off the DEG in synchrony with DEG compression to enable voltage boosting. For the initial cycle a low voltage source is still required in the form of a battery or similar device which in some instances can completely discharge, rendering the DEG useless. Another approach is to include an electret into the DEG design. The electret acts as a permanent voltage source for the DEG and SPC. This allows the DEG to receive a medium voltage (much higher than a battery) from the electret and then boost this voltage up to a high voltage where generation efficiency is improved. This paper presents an integrated SPC with an electret charge source that is capable of boosting quickly to a high voltage without the addition of external charge.