gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production, Isolation and Structure Determination of Novel Fluoroindolocarbazoles from Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes ATCC 39243. (2001)

Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes ATCC 39243 produces an indolocarbazole antitumor agent rebeccamycin under submerged fermentation conditions. Adding DL-6-fluorotryptophan to culture of S. aerocolonigenes ATCC 39243 induces the formation of two novel indolocarbazoles, fluoroindolocarbazoles A and B. Feeding DL-5-fluorotryptophan to culture of S. aerocolonigenes ATCC 39243 induces the production of a novel indolocarbazole, fluoroindolocarbazole C. These fluoroindolocarbazoles have been isolated from culture broth and purified to homogeneity by vacuum liquid chromatography and column chromatography. All three fluoroindolocarbazoles are more potent than rebeccamycin against P388 leukemia by ip route in murine model.
ChemInform Abstract: Taxol Semisynthesis: A Highly Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of the Side Chain and a New Method for Ester Formation at C‐ 13 Using Thioesters. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Themed issue on “Organic field-effect transistors: interfacial phenomena and electronic properties” (2015)

This themed issue presents a collection of articles on organic field-effect transistors: interfacial phenomena and electronic properties.
Bifurcation functional significance score as predictor of mortality: a validating study (2021)

Considerable progress has been made in the treatment of coronary bifurcation stenosis. Anatomical characteristics of the vessel and lesion, however, fail to give information about the functional significance of the bifurcation stenosis. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study that systematically establishes the baseline functional significance of coronary stenosis and its effect on procedural and clinical outcomes. Patients with significant angiographic bifurcation lesions defined as diameter stenosis > 50% in main vessel and/or side branch were included. FFR was performed in main vessel (MV) and side branch (SB) before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 169 patients from Fiesta study (derivation cohort) and 555 patients from prospective bifurcation registry (clinical effect cohort) were analyzed to validate angiographic prediction score (BFSS) used to determine the potentially functional significance of coronary bifurcation stenosis. Bifurcation functional significance score (including the following parameters-SYNTAX ≥ 11, SB/MB BARI score, MV %DS ≥ 55%, main branch (MB) %DS ≥ 65%, lesion length ≥ 25 mm) with a maximum value of 11 was developed. A cut-off value of 6.0 was shown to give the best discriminatory ability-with accuracy 87% (sensitivity 77%, specificity 96%, p < 0.001). There was also a significant difference in all-cause mortality between patients with BFSS ≥ 6.0 vs. BFSS < 6.0-25.5% vs. 18.4%, log-rank p = 0.001 as well as cardiac mortality: BFSS ≥ 6.0 vs. BFSS < 6.0-17.7% vs. 14.5%, log-rank (p = 0.016). The cardiac mortality was significantly lower in patients with smaller absolute SB territory, p = 0.023. An angiographic score (BFSS) with good discriminatory ability to determine the functional significance of coronary bifurcation stenosis was developed. The value for BFSS ≥ 6.0 can be used as a discriminator to define groups with higher risk for all-cause and cardiac mortality. Also, we found that the smaller side branches pose greater mortality risk.
Long-lasting germinal center responses to a priming immunization with continuous proliferation and somatic mutation (2021)

Summary Germinal centers (GCs) are the engines of antibody evolution. Using HIV Env protein immunogen priming in rhesus monkeys (RM) followed by a long period without further immunization, we demonstrate GC B cells (B GC ) lasted at least 6 months (29 weeks), all the while maintaining rapid proliferation. A 186-fold B GC cell increase was present by week 10 compared to a conventional immunization. Single cell transcriptional profiling revealed that both light zone and dark zone GC states were sustained throughout the 6 months. Antibody somatic hypermutation (SHM) of B GC cells continued to accumulate throughout the 29 week priming period, with evidence of selective pressure. Additionally, Env-binding B GC cells were still 49-fold above baseline 29 weeks after immunization, suggesting that they could be active for significantly longer periods of time. High titers of HIV neutralizing antibodies were generated after a single booster immunization. Fully glycosylated HIV trimer protein is a complex antigen, posing significant immunodominance challenges for B cells, among other difficulties. Memory B cells (B Mem ) generated under these long priming conditions had higher levels of SHM, and both B Mem cells and antibodies were more likely to recognize non-immunodominant epitopes. Numerous B GC cell lineage phylogenies spanning the &gt;6-month GC period were identified, demonstrating continuous GC activity and selection for at least 191 days, with no additional antigen exposure. A long prime, adjuvanted, slow delivery (12-day) immunization approach holds promise for difficult vaccine targets, and suggests that patience can have great value for tuning GCs to maximize antibody responses.
ChemInform Abstract: Positioning of Functionalities in a Heteroduplex Major Groove: Synthesis of 7‐Deaza‐2‐amino‐2′‐deoxyadenosines. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
C60- und C70-Verbände in den zangenartigen Hohlräumen von Calix[6]aren (1998)

Isostrukturell sind die supramolekularen 1:2-Komplexe aus einem Calix[6]aren und C60 sowie C70 im Kristall (Struktur des [(Calix[6]aren)(C60)2]-Komplexes siehe rechts). Das Calixaren nimmt eine Doppelkegelstruktur ein, und die Gesamtstruktur ergibt sich aus der Komplementarität der Baueinheiten hinsichtlich Größe und Form – d. h. aus der Ähnlichkeit der Krümmungen der flachen Calixarenhohlräume und der Fullerenoberflächen.
A generalization of moderated statistics to data adaptive semiparametric estimation in high-dimensional biology (2022)

The widespread availability of high-dimensional biological data has made the simultaneous screening of many biological characteristics a central problem in computational and high-dimensional biology. As the dimensionality of datasets continues to grow, so too does the complexity of identifying biomarkers linked to exposure patterns. The statistical analysis of such data often relies upon parametric modeling assumptions motivated by convenience, inviting opportunities for model misspecification. While estimation frameworks incorporating flexible, data adaptive regression strategies can mitigate this, their standard variance estimators are often unstable in high-dimensional settings, resulting in inflated Type-I error even after standard multiple testing corrections. We adapt a shrinkage approach compatible with parametric modeling strategies to semiparametric variance estimators of a family of efficient, asymptotically linear estimators of causal effects, defined by counterfactual exposure contrasts. Augmenting the inferential stability of these estimators in high-dimensional settings yields a data adaptive approach for robustly uncovering stable causal associations, even when sample sizes are limited. Our generalized variance estimator is evaluated against appropriate alternatives in numerical experiments, and an open source R/Bioconductor package, biotmle, is introduced. The proposal is demonstrated in an analysis of high-dimensional DNA methylation data from an observational study on the epigenetic effects of tobacco smoking.
Parametric macromodelling of linear high‐frequency systems using multiple frequency scaling and sequential sampling (2014)

An enhanced parametric macromodelling scheme is presented for linear high‐frequency systems based on the use of multiple frequency scaling coefficients and a sequential sampling algorithm to fully automate the entire modelling process. The proposed method is applied on a ring resonator bandpass filter example and compared with another state‐of‐the‐art macromodelling method to show its improved modelling capability and reduced setup time.
Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae JmjC Domain Proteins Demethylate Histone H3 Lys 36 in Transcribed Regions to (2007)

Histonemethylationisareversiblemodificationregulatedbythe antagonistic functions of residue-specific histone methyl-transferases and demethylases. Although methylation of his-toneH3atlysines4and36islinkedtotranscription,therolesofhistonedemethylasesintranscriptionregulationarenotunder-stood.HereweshowthatoverexpressionofeitherJhd1orRph1,two JmjC-domain proteins, bypasses the requirement for thepositiveelongationfactorgene
Acetaminophen and caffeine removal by MnOx(s) and GAC media in column experiments (2020)

The objective of this study was to investigate the application of manganese oxide [MnO<sub>x(s)</sub>] and granular activated carbon (GAC) media for the removal of caffeine and acetaminophen from water.
2A1-E01 Modeling and Control of Two Joint Finger Driven by Pneumatic Actuator (2009)

Recently, research and development has focused on robots that work in place of people. It is necessary for robots to perform the same flexible motions as people. Additionally, such robots need to incorporate high-level safety features. Here, we present artificial muscle-type pneumatic actuators as the driving source of a robot hand that is both safe and flexible. We develop a low-pressure, low-volume pneumatic actuator for driving a robot hand. We develop a five-fingered robot hand with pneumatic actuators. Next, we make a 2-link arm that has two degrees of freedom using pneumatic actuators, and the models of actuator and 2-link arm is constructed. A control PID control system is constructed, and the gains of the PID control system are determined by the simulation that uses the model of 2-link arm. The step response of the joint angle is examined. Control performance of the PID control system is verified
Optimal Sensorless Adaptive Optics Schemes for Super-Resolution Microscopy (2013)

Aberrations frequently affect the performance of microscopes. Superresolution microscopes, which combine optical and photo-physical phenomena to resolve below the diffraction limit, are more sensitive to aberrations. We develop adaptive schemes for aberration compensation in these systems.
Non-Polarographic Blood Gas Analysis I. in Vitro Evaluation of Gas Chromatograph System (1976)

A new system providing near continuous arterial p02 and pCO2 measurements without requiring blood samples is described. Based on intra-arterial placement of a closed-tipped 2F catheter with gas chromatographic separation and analysis this system appears capable of providing rapid sensitive data with accuracy and precision equivalent to conventional bench analyzers. The initial in vitro experiments are discussed including flow and temperature dependency studies.
Neuropeptide S: a novel regulator of pain-related amygdala plasticity and behaviors (2013)

Amygdala plasticity is an important contributor to the emotional-affective dimension of pain. Recently discovered neuropeptide S (NPS) has anxiolytic properties through actions in the amygdala. Behavioral data also suggest antinociceptive effects of centrally acting NPS, but site and mechanism of action remain to be determined. This is the first electrophysiological analysis of pain-related NPS effects in the brain. We combined whole cell patch-clamp recordings in brain slices and behavioral assays to test the hypothesis that NPS activates synaptic inhibition of amygdala output to suppress pain behavior in an arthritis pain model. Recordings of neurons in the laterocapsular division of the central nucleus (CeLC), which serves pain-related amygdala output functions, show that NPS inhibited the enhanced excitatory drive [monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs)] from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in the pain state. As shown by miniature EPSC analysis, the inhibitory effect of NPS did not involve direct postsynaptic action on CeLC neurons but rather a presynaptic, action potential-dependent network mechanism. Indeed, NPS increased external capsule (EC)-driven synaptic inhibition of CeLC neurons through PKA-dependent facilitatory postsynaptic action on a cluster of inhibitory intercalated (ITC) cells. NPS had no effect on BLA neurons. High-frequency stimulation (HFS) of excitatory EC inputs to ITC cells also inhibited synaptic activation of CeLC neurons, providing further evidence that ITC activation can control amygdala output. The cellular mechanisms by which EC-driven synaptic inhibition controls CeLC output remain to be determined. Administration of NPS into ITC, but not CeLC, also inhibited vocalizations and anxiety-like behavior in arthritic rats. A selective NPS receptor antagonist ([d-Cys(tBu)(5)]NPS) blocked electrophysiological and behavioral effects of NPS. Thus NPS is a novel tool to control amygdala output and pain-related affective behaviors through a direct action on inhibitory ITC cells.
Characterization of an infectious cDNA copy of the genome of a naturally occurring, avirulent coxsackievirus B3 clinical isolate (2004)

Group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) cause numerous diseases, including myocarditis, pancreatitis, aseptic meningitis and possibly type 1 diabetes. To date, infectious cDNA copies of CVB type 3 (CVB3) genomes have all been derived from pathogenic virus strains. An infectious cDNA copy of the well-characterized, non-pathogenic CVB3 strain GA genome was cloned in order to facilitate mapping of the CVB genes that influence expression of a virulence phenotype. Comparison of the sequence of the parental CVB3/GA population, derived by direct RT-PCR-mediated sequence analysis, to that of the infectious CVB3/GA progeny genome demonstrated that an authentic copy was cloned; numerous differences were observed in coding and non-coding sequences relative to other CVB3 strains. Progeny CVB3/GA replicated similarly to the parental strain in three different cell cultures and was avirulent when inoculated into mice, causing neither pancreatitis nor myocarditis. Inoculation of mice with CVB3/GA protected mice completely against myocarditis and pancreatitis induced by cardiovirulent CVB3 challenge. The secondary structure predicted for the CVB3/GA domain II, a region within the 5' non-translated region that is implicated as a key site affecting the expression of a cardiovirulent phenotype, differs from those predicted for cardiovirulent and pancreovirulent CVB3 strains. This is the first report characterizing a cloned CVB3 genome from an avirulent strain.
Studies of in vivo recruitment and activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes using a gelatin‐sponge model of concomitant tumor immunity (1995)

We have earlier described a sponge model of concomitant tumor immunity that permits the capture and isolation of effector T lymphocytes that mediate the rejection of a secondary EMT6 tumor implant. In this study, we have employed the sponge model to study lymphocyte homing and in situ activation during the development of concomitant tumor immunity. Our results demonstrate that EMT6-specific CTL in animals bearing primary EMT6 tumors home preferentially to sponges implanted with EMT6 tumor cells, as compared with contralateral sponges lacking tumor cells or sponges injected with antigenically distinct 168 tumor cells. We further show that recruitment is selective and is not in response to a foreign-body reaction to the sponge. In addition, we show that EMT6-specific CTL were recovered from sponges injected either with intact EMT6 tumor cells or with a mixture of EMT6-derived membranes and supernatant. In contrast, cells accumulating in sponges injected with membranes or supernatant alone were not cytolytic. Thus, maximal recruitment, retention, and activation of CTL precursors require putative chemo-attractive factors secreted by tumor cells as well as interaction with tumor antigen.
Integration of Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording technology into enterprise hard disk drives (2013)

Hard disk drive areal density growth has reduced the cost of data storage to pennies per gigabyte, but the super-paramagnetic limit is a looming potential impediment to the continuation of this growth. In order to overcome this obstacle, Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) technology is being developed as a successor to conventional perpendicular magnetic recording. HAMR overcomes the super-paramagnetic limit by temporarily heating the media during the recording process. Heating the media magnetically &#x201C;softens&#x201D; it for recording, enabling the fields available from current generation writers to record data. As the media rotates away from the recording head, it quickly cools down to room temperature. This allows for the usage of high anisotropy materials in the recording layer, which are very stable at typical storage temperatures, enabling long-term data retention.
Sampling Rate Selection Path Diversity for a RAKE Receiver in DS/SS (2008)

In this paper, sampling rate selection path diversity (SRSPD) scheme for direct-sequence/spread-spectrum (DS/SS) is proposed. In DS/SS communication systems, oversampling may be employed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, oversampling enlarges the power consumption because signal processing of the receiver has to be carried out at a higher clock rate. In order to reduce the power consumption, the proposed SRSPD scheme selects the tap positions of the RAKE receiver and the sampling rate depending on the characteristics of the channel.
Pulse Shaped OFDM for 5G Systems (2016)

OFDM-based waveforms with filtering or windowing functionalities are considered key enablers for a flexible air-interface design for multi-service support in future 5G systems. One candidate from this category of waveforms is pulse shaped OFDM, which follows the idea of subcarrier filtering and aims at fully maintaining the advantages of standard OFDM systems while addressing their drawbacks. In this paper, we elaborate on several pulse shaping design methods, and show how pulse shapes can be exploited as an additional degree of freedom to provide better frequency localization and more efficient spectrum utilization under a pre-defined spectrum mask. The performance analysis and evaluation results show that, for a practical mobile communication systems, the application of pulse shaping is a simple and effective means to achieve a lower out-of-band leakage for OFDM systems at virtually no costs. In fact, the complexity increase amounts to 1-2% compared to CP-OFDM only. In addition, the system's robustness against both time and frequency distortions is shown to be substantially improved by a proper pulse shape design. By allowing for the flexible configuration of physical layer parameters per sub-band according to the diverse requirements of future 5G services, pulse shaped OFDM systems can efficiently facilitate asynchronous transmissions and fragmented spectrum access, rendering it beneficial for various mobile-broadband and Internet-of-Things applications.
Magnetization Switching of 2.5-inch CoCrPt Patterned Media by a Ring Head (2006)

The magnetization reversal process of CoCrPt patterned media by a ring head was investigated. The magnetic force microscopy (MFM) was used to investigate the distributions of the coercivity (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) and the easy axis as well as the size of each dot. The large distribution for H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> causes the magnetization reversal defects. Possible origins of the large H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> distribution are the grain boundary observed for each grain and the large distribution of the easy axis of the CoCrPt.
Selective irreversible inhibitors of aldose reductase (1992)

A series of 5-substituted-1,3-dioxo-1H-benz[de]isoquinoline-2(3H)-acetic acid analogues have been examined as irreversible inhibitors of aldose reductase. The 5-alpha-bromoacetamide and 5-alpha-iodoacetamide analogues 5 and 6 gave irreversible inhibition of aldose reductase while the 5-alpha-chloroacetamide analogue 3 did not show this type of inhibition. Protection studies indicate that irreversible inhibitions are occurring at the inhibitor binding site. Comparative irreversible inhibition studies with rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) and rat kidney aldehyde reductase (RKALR) indicate that 5-alpha-haloacetamide analogues 5 and 6 are much more effective inhibitors of RLAR.
The Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects of Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) (2023)

As detailed by the end replication problem, the linear ends of a cell's chromosomes, known as telomeres, shorten with each successive round of replication until a cell enters into a state of growth arrest referred to as senescence. To maintain their immortal proliferation capacity, cancer cells must employ a telomere maintenance mechanism, such as telomerase activation or the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres pathway (ALT). With only 10-15% of cancers utilizing the ALT mechanism, progress towards understanding its molecular components and associated hallmarks has only recently been made. This review analyzes the advances towards understanding the ALT pathway by: (1) detailing the mechanisms associated with engaging the ALT pathway as well as (2) identifying potential therapeutic targets of ALT that may lead to novel cancer therapeutic treatments. Collectively, these studies indicate that the ALT molecular mechanisms involve at least two distinct pathways induced by replication stress and damage at telomeres. We suggest exploiting tumor dependency on ALT is a promising field of study because it suggests new approaches to ALT-specific therapies for cancers with poorer prognosis. While substantial progress has been made in the ALT research field, additional progress will be required to realize these advances into clinical practices to treat ALT cancers and improve patient prognoses.
Analysis on Emitter of n-Type Monocrystalline Silicon PERT Photovoltaic Cell (2016)

We have developed the boron emitter for n-type monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and achieved the conversion efficiency of 21.53% by passivated emitter and rear totally diffused (PERT) structure with a total area of 239 cm2. The center area of the cell shows 22.08% (222.0 cm2). The developed cells contain a more deeply diffused and lightly doped boron emitter to obtain higher efficiency than the previous cell we have reported. We have also studied a rear emitter structure in the n-type monocrystalline silicon PERT photovoltaic cell by a 2D device simulation and the experimental results; especially the correlation between substrate resistivity and the photovoltaic property. The Voc of rear emitter cell is nearly constant regardless of the substrate resistivity. On the other hand, the Jsc is decreased sharply by lowering substrate resistivity. The Jsc of 0.55 Ω·cm substrate is 5 % lower than that of 5.6 Ω·cm one. These results are attributed to front surface field (FSF) effect which shows a dependence on the substrate resistivity. To achieve higher Jsc for the cells with FSF, the barrier height for the minority carriers are important.