gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of a Spatiotemporal OAM Beam with a Time-Variant Beam Waist Using Coherent Combination of Multiple Frequencies Each Containing Multiple LG modes (2020)

We simulate a spatiotemporal OAM beam with a time-variant beam waist by coherent combining multiple frequencies each containing multiple LG modes. We analyze its beam waist oscillation depending on the number of frequencies and modes.
Abstract C101: Comprehensive identification of novel therapeutic targets for treatment of PD-1 resistant solid tumors via a genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 in vivo T-cell screen (2019)

Abstract Although immunotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 antagonists has significantly advanced patient care, the majority of cancer patients currently do not benefit from checkpoint inhibitor therapies. To identify novel targets for the treatment of PD-1 insensitive cancers, we developed a novel Immune-CRISPRomicsTM platform that enabled genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens in primary T cells in an in vivo setting. Notably, the screen identified clinically active molecules, such as PD-1 and also predicted recent clinical failures. In addition, we identified multiple targets that enhanced anti-tumor T-cell function similar to or better than PD-1 as a monotherapy. The anti-tumor activity of targets was assessed across a collection of PD-1 sensitive and PD-1 refractory syngeneic tumor models. One of the targets identified, IO-7, was found to possess robust activity across multiple PD-1 refractory models. We found that inhibition of IO-7 leads to long-term T-cell memory and prevents tumor growth upon re-challenge. Moreover, mechanistic follow-up studies demonstrate that IO-7 inhibition leads to an expansion of central memory T-cell subsets, which have been implicated in driving the durable clinical response of checkpoint inhibitors. We describe the first genome-wide in vivo T-cell CRISPR/Cas9 screen, which identified multiple therapeutic targets that present promising therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of PD-1 resistant solid tumors. Citation Format: Isabelle Le Mercier, Jason J. Merkin, Sean Keegan, Conor Calnan, Anja F. Hohmann, Nick Colletti, Eric Fagerberg, Sol Shenker, Caroline Bullock, Chris Wrocklage, Noah Tubo, Tianlei Xu, Matt Noyes, Rami Rahal, Sean Arlauckas, Aria Pearlman Morales, Frank Stegmeier, Louise Cadzow, Mike Schlabach, Gregory Kryukov, Micah J. Benson. Comprehensive identification of novel therapeutic targets for treatment of PD-1 resistant solid tumors via a genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 in vivo T-cell screen [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C101. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-C101
The Lattice Energies of the Cuprous Halides (1933)

Following exactly the method employed in the case of the silver halides the lattice energies of the cuprous halides have been calculated. The exponential constant in the empirical repulsion equation expressing the positive repulsive potential between the ions is found to be almost the same as that for the silver halides. The energies of the salts indicate that, particularly for the iodide there is not purely ionic binding. The lattice energies are calculated to be, for CuCl 216 kcal., CuBr, 208 kcal., CuI 199 kcal. The ``experimental'' values are, CuCl 221.9 kcal. CuBr 216.0 kcal. and CuI 213.4 kcal.
Targeting ATXN2 Using Antisense Oligonucleotides as a Treatment for Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 (SCA2) (S30.007) (2016)

Objective: To demonstrate that lowering ATXN2 expression modifies molecular, motor, and neurophysiological phenotypes of SCA2 mice. Background: SCA2 is an inherited disorder caused by CAG repeat expansion in an encoded region of the ATXN2 gene resulting in polyglutamine expansion and gain of toxic function. We hypothesize that lowering overall ATXN2 expression using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) would be therapeutic for SCA2. Methods: We screened 152 ASOs designed to lower ATXN2 expression in vitro in HepG2 cells. ATXN2-Q127 transgenic mice were treated by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ASOs. ASO effects on ATXN2-Q127 mouse phenotypes were determined: Motor phenotypes were studied by rotarod testing, cerebellar molecular phenotypes were determined by qPCR, and Purkinje cell firing frequencies were determined by extracellular recordings in acute cerebellar slices. Results: Three ASOs lowered ATXN2 expression in ATXN2-Q127 mice, the best by >80[percnt] after 7 d, without evidence of toxicity. ATXN2 remained significantly reduced after 21 wks. Anti-ASO antibody labeling demonstrated ASO localization in Purkinje cells. ASOs also localized in motor neurons throughout the spinal cord lowering ATXN2 expression. ATXN2-Q127 mice treated 13 weeks with ATXN2 ASO had delayed motor phenotype onset (rotarod), and normal pacemaking Purkinje cell firing frequencies, unlike saline treated control mice. Conclusions: We identified ASOs that potently lower ATXN2 expression resulting in delayed progression of SCA2 phenotypes in ATXN2 transgenic mice. Ongoing studies include screens for additional efficacious ASOs and determination of ASO effects on the SCA2 phenotypes in SCA2 BAC transgenic mice. Supported by: RC4NS073009, R21NS081182, R01NS033123, R37NS033123.
Effects of postexercise feeding of a supplemental carbohydrate and protein bar with or without astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis to exercise-conditioned dogs (2015)

Dogs fed a bar with 37.4% RDCs and 25% protein immediately after exercise had increased blood nutrient concentrations for glycogen and protein synthesis, compared with control dogs.
Nano-photonic crystal waveguides for ultra-compact tunable true time delay lines (2005)

Nanophotonics including photonic crystals promises to have a revolutionary impact on the landscape of photonics technology. Photonic crystal line defect waveguides show high group velocity dispersion and slow photon effect near transmission band edge. By using photonic crystal waveguides to build true time delay based phased array antenna or other optical signal processing systems, the length of the tunable true time delay lines can be dramatically reduced inversely proportional to group velocity dispersion in dispersion enhanced system architecture or reduced inversely proportional to group index in slow photon enhanced system architecture. The group index of the fabricated silicon photonic crystal line defect waveguide is experimentally demonstrated as high as 40 at optical wavelength around 1569 nm. The group velocity dispersion of the fabricated silicon photonic crystal line defect waveguide is as high as 50 ps/nm&#8729;mm at wavelength around 1569 nm, which is more than 10<sup>7</sup> times the dispersion of the standard telecom fiber (D = 3 ps/nm&#8729;km). Due to the integration nature of photonic crystals, system-on-chip integration of the true time delay modules can be easily achieved.
Electric heated cotton fabrics with durable conductivity and self-cleaning properties (2018)

This study was carried out to improve durability and reduce conductivity degradation of polypyrrole-deposited cotton fabrics by introducting a superhydrophobic surface. An <i>in situ</i> polymerization method was used to polymerize the polypyrrole on the cotton fabric, and the surface energy was lowered using <i>n</i>-dodecyltrimethoxysilane to create a superhydrophobic surface. In particular, to investigate the durability of the conductivity according to the superhydrophobic surface, the changes of surface resistance were examined after repeated exposure to air, moisture, and friction. The polypyrrole-deposited cotton fabric displayed excellent electrical heating features originating from the conductive polymer, although the surface resistance was somewhat increased by the superhydrophobic coating. In addition, nano-roughness was obtained by the pyrrol-deposition on the fabric surface, creating a dual-roughness property required for the superhydrophobic surface. Accordingly, the conductive superhydrophobic cotton fabric had a contact angle of more than 150° and a shedding angle of less than 10°, maintaining superhydrophobicity even during electrical heating. Above all, the superhydrophobic layer contributed to the functional durability of the conductive fabrics by protecting the conductive layer. After atmospheric aging for 20 weeks, undergoing a water spray test for 20 cycles, and a rubbing test with tape, the increment of surface resistance of the superhydrophobic coated cotton fabrics with polypyrrole was increased by up to 30% compared to the polypyrrole treated specimen without the coating, which showed a decrease of conductivity of over 74%. It is confirmed that the self-cleaning properties can easily remove dirt on the cotton fabric surface by roll-off of water droplets, thereby preventing the degradation of conductivity due to moisture and contamination.
Supplemental Figures S1-S9 from Grapefruit-Derived Nanovectors Use an Activated Leukocyte Trafficking Pathway to Deliver Therapeutic Agents to Inflammatory Tumor Sites (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures S1-S9. Chemokine receptors expressed on PMA stimulated EL4 cells (S1); Uptake of GNVs membrane derived vesicles and stability of IGNVs (S2); Transmigration of GNVs and IGNVs (S3); Expression of integrins on EL4 cells and LFA-1 on IGNVs (S4); Purification of plasma membrane from leukocytes and chemokines in the culture medium of human SW620 cells (S5); Effects of IGNVs on cell proliferation in vitro and potential toxicity in vivo (S6); Therapeutic drug-loaded IGNVs and Characterization of DOX-NPTM and control liposomes from Avanti (S7); Biodistribution of DOX in 4T1 tumor tissues and therapeutic effect of IGNV-Cur on the inhibition of DSS-induced mouse colitis (S8); Determination of critical GNV miceller concentration (S9).&lt;/p&gt;
Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy (2020)

In this case series of critically ill patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to ICUs in Lombardy, Italy, the majority were older men, a large proportion required mechanical ventilation and high levels of PEEP, and ICU mortality was 26%.
Results of CO2 robotic laser oseotomy in surgery with motion compensation (2010)

This paper presents a visual servoing application with and without motion compensation and a fixed visual servoing configuration for CO2 laser osteotomy. A multi camera system from ART is used to track the position of the robot and a skull via marker spheres that are attached to both. A CT scan from the skull is performed and segmented to acquire a 3D model. Inside the model the position for the robot for the laser ablation is planned. The accuracy of the lightweight robot is increased with the additional supervision of an optical tracking system. Accuracy improvement was measured with an FARO measurement arm. A visual servoing control schema is presented. The demonstrator shows a working visual servoing application for laser osteotomy. To improve the error resulting mainly from the delay to acquire the data from the devices a motion compensation algorithm is introduced based on iterative learning and a normalized Least Mean Square (nLMS) filter. The results during the simulation and the experimental setup are shown. The system was then evaluated with the CO2 laser system OsteoLas X10 from Caesar - Bonn, Germany. Different cuts are performed with the robot and the CO2 laser system. For the breathing motion a robotic breathing simulator is used. The reached accuracy and the cutting results on bone are shown.
P4‐025: An ultrasensitive method for the detection of aggregated Beta‐amyloid (2009)

There is strong evidence that the over-production and aggregation of Beta-amyloid (Abeta) in the form of amyloid plaques is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Histopathology is the current standard used to monitor the accumulation of amyloid plaques in animal models of AD. Cognitive defects arise prior to the detection of Abeta in the form of plaques, but it is nearly impossible to detect the presence of amyloid plaques in the brain of transgenic mice such as the APP/PS1 prior to 6 months of age. This technological hurdle lengthens the time required to perform pre clinical trials of candidate therapeutic compounds. Objective: Develop an ultrasensitive assay which can detect the presence of aggregated Abeta and evaluate plasma, CSF, and tissue homogenates from AD mouse models and patients. 10% brain homogenates were prepared using frozen brain tissue. Aggregated Abeta was isolated from brain homogenates using a proprietary enrichment method. Monomeric Abeta was released with disaggregants and detected using an ultra-sensitive immunoassay. This assay can routinely detect a 1/400,000-fold dilution of 10% human AD brain homogenate whereas the signal from normal human brain is undetectable. We have detected aggregated Abeta in the brains of APP/PS1 mice as young as 3 months of age. A series of blinded samples from APP/PS1 mice and non-transgenic littermates were evaluated. We correctly identified samples from 14-month old and 3 month old APP/PS1 mice and non-transgenic littermates. The level of aggregated Abeta was 5000-fold higher in older mice compared to the younger mice. Attempts to detect aggregated Abeta in a limited number of clinical plasma and CSF samples from human AD patients and age-matched controls were unsuccessful. These results suggest that the concentration of aggregated Abeta in human plasma and CSF is below the limit of detection of this assay. The Amorfix assay provides a method to rapidly detect the presence of aggregated Beta-amyloid in transgenic mice at a stage in disease progression previously undetected using conventional methods. The ability to detect aggregated Abeta at earlier stages of disease could be used to accelerate the drug development process for AD therapeutic candidates.
Titrated Acidification Power: A Simple and Sensitive Method to Measure Yeast Vitality and its Relation to Other Vitality Measurements (1996)

The acidification power (AP) test is an interesting method to evaluate the vitality of pitching yeast. However, this method lacks sensitivity at high AP values. We have elaborated a titrated acidification power test that is better suited to the evaluation of highly vital yeast and compared this test with the AP and conductivity measurement during yeast storage experiments.
A low‐power CMOS dual‐band RF receiver for IEEE 802.15.4‐based sensor node applications (2009)

Abstract This article presents the design and experimental results of a low‐power dual‐band RF receiver front‐end including a dual‐band low‐noise amplifier (LNA) and a downconversion mixer based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for sensor node applications. A dual‐band LNA with two inputs is tuned to two resonant frequencies by controlling the voltage on a switched MOS. The implemented RF receiver front‐end achieves a maximum voltage conversion gain of 31 and 21 dB, a noise figure of 6 and 9 dB at the 868/915 MHz and 2.45 GHz bands, respectively. The RF receiver front‐end dissipates a total of 3 mA (including I/Q mixers) under a supply voltage of 1.8 V at both operation bands. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 163–166, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24876
VQ Source Models: Perceptual and Phase Issues (2006)

Some highlights from the work of the Laboratory for Recognition and Organization of Speech and Audio, Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, on trying to use vector-quantized codebooks to separate and enhance speech.
A Security Analysis of the NIST SP 800-90 Elliptic Curve Random Number Generator. (2007)

An elliptic curve random number generator (ECRNG) has been approved in a NIST standards and proposed for ANSI and SECG draft standards. This paper proves that, if three conjectures are true, then the ECRNG is secure. The three conjectures are hardness of the elliptic curve decisional Diffie-Hellman problem and the hardness of two newer problems, the x-logarithm problem and the truncated point problem. The x-logarithm problem is shown to be hard if the decisional Diffie-Hellman problem is hard, although the reduction is not tight. The truncated point problem is shown to be solvable when the minimum amount of bits allowed in NIST standards are truncated, thereby making it insecure for applications such as stream ciphers. Nevertheless, it is argued that for nonce and key generation this distinguishability is harmless.
Hybrid flash arrays for HPC storage systems: An alternative to burst buffers (2017)

Cloud and high-performance computing storage systems are comprised of thousands of physical storage devices and uses software that organize them into multiple data tiers based on access frequency. The characteristics of these devices lend themselves well to these tiers as devices have differing ratios of performance to capacity. Due to this, these systems have, for the past several years, incorporated a mix of flash devices and mechanical spinning hard disk drives. Although a single media type will be ideal, the economic reality is that a hybrid system must use flash for performance and disk for capacity. Within the high-performance computing community, flash has been used to create a new tier called burst buffers which are typically software managed, user visible, wed to a particular file system, and buffer all IO traffic before subsequent migration to disk. In this paper, we propose an alternative architecture that is hardware managed, user transparent, file system agnostic, and that only buffers small IO while allowing large sequential IO to access the disks directly. Our evaluation of this alternative architecture finds that it achieves comparable results to the reported burst buffer numbers and improves on systems comprised solely of disks by several orders of magnitude for a fraction of the cost.
Electrifying passenger road transport in India requires near-term electricity grid decarbonisation (2022)

Battery-electric vehicles (BEV) have emerged as a favoured technology solution to mitigate transport greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in many non-Annex 1 countries, including India. GHG mitigation potentials of electric 4-wheelers in India depend critically on when and where they are charged: 40% reduction in the north-eastern states and more than 15% increase in the eastern/western regions today, with higher overall GHGs emitted when charged overnight and in the summer. Self-charging gasoline-electric hybrids can lead to 33% GHG reductions, though they haven't been fully considered a mitigation option in India. Electric 2-wheelers can already enable a 20% reduction in GHG emissions given their small battery size and superior efficiency. India's electrification plan demands up to 125GWh of annual battery capacities by 2030, nearly 10% of projected worldwide productions. India requires a phased electrification with a near-term focus on 2-wheelers and a clear trajectory to phase-out coal-power for an organised mobility transition.
Towards the development of guidelines for educational evaluation of augmented reality tools (2016)

Augmented Reality (AR) is heralded to be a promising technology for education. Thus, it is important to properly evaluate it so practitioners feel more confident in its use. Considering the current lack of studies to evaluate AR based educational technology, this work aims to provide some guidelines in order to assist researchers when conducting educational evaluations. The proposed principles were based on both theoretical and practical research. The guidelines presented involve the use of multiple metrics, both quantitative and qualitative, high involvement of teachers and a comprehensive evaluation taking into account both formative and summative aspects. Two practical evaluation experiences were designed applying these principles and their findings are discussed in this paper.
Production and Purification of Lactic Acid and Lactide (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Lactic Acid Lactide References
Concept-based electronic health records (2006)

Healthcare is a data-rich but information-poor domain. Terabytes of multimedia medical data are being generated on a monthly basis in a typical healthcare organization in order to document patients' health status and care process. Government and health-related organizations are pushing for fully electronic, cross-institution, integrated Electronic Health Records to provide a better, cost effective and more complete access to this data. However, provision of efficient access to the content of such records for timely and decision-enabling information extraction will not be available. Such a capability is essential for providing efficient decision support and objective evidence to clinicians. In addition researchers, medical students, patients, and payers could also benefit from it. We present the idea of concept-based multimedia health records, which aims at organizing the health records at the information level. We will explore the opportunities and possibilities that such an organization will provide, what role the field of multimedia content management could play to materialize this type of health record organization, and what the challenges will be in the quest for realizing the idea.We believe that the field of multimedia can play a very active role in taking healthcare information systems to the next level by facilitating the access to decision-enabling information for different types of users in healthcare. Our goal is to share with the community our thoughts on where the field of multimedia content management research should be focusing its attention to have a fundamental impact on the practice of medicine.
Reliable and Effective Diagnostics Are Keys to Accelerating Personalized Cancer Medicine and Transforming Cancer Care: A Policy Statement from the American Association for Cancer Research (2014)

Diagnostics are enabling physicians to make more informed treatment decisions by tailoring treatments based on each patient's unique molecular profile. Diagnostics are also an increasingly vital tool for translating the state-of-the-art advances made in basic research into improved clinical outcomes
Visual Analytics for Exploring Local Impact of Air Traffic (2015)

Abstract The environmental and noise impact of airports often causes extensive political discussion which in some cases even lead to transnational tensions. Analyzing local approach and departure patterns around an airport is difficult since it depends on a variety of complex variables like weather, local and general regulations and many more. Yet, understanding these movements and the expected amount of flights during arrival and departure is of great interest to both casual and expert users, as planes have a higher impact on the areas beneath during these phases. We present a Visual Analytics framework that enables users to develop an understanding of local flight behavior through visual exploration of historical data and interactive manipulation of prediction models with direct feedback, as well as a classification quality visualization using a random noise metaphor. We showcase our approach using real world data from the Zurich International Airport region, where aircraft noise has led to an ongoing conflict between Germany and Switzerland. The use cases, findings and expert feedback demonstrate how our approach helps in understanding the situation and to substantiate the otherwise often subjective discourse on the topic.
Pain increases during sympathetic arousal in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (2001)

Normal inhibitory influences on pain during sympathetic arousal are compromised in the majority of patients with CRPS. The augmented vasoconstrictor response in the symptomatic limb during sympathetic arousal is consistent with adrenergic supersensitivity. An adrenergic sensitivity in nociceptive afferents might contribute to pain and hyperalgesia during sympathetic arousal in certain patients with CRPS.