gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Ammonia Decomposition in Molten Salt and Ionic Liquid Media (2010)

The increasing daily consumption of energy per person in the industrialised countries like Europe or the U.S. along with the upcoming developing countries like China or India has triggered a deep reflection about the way to generate and store energy. The actual society way of life, indeed, is pushing the consumption of electrical energy higher and higher. Thus, to store and to provide the energy necessary to at least preserve the actual life standards is going to be one of the biggest challenges the mankind is going to face in the nearly future. Hydrogen has emerged as viable medium as energy carrier as its high energy density. Thanks to well known fuel cell technologies or combustion applications and due to the easy availability of co-reactant oxygen, its usage in energy production is almost universally possible. However, the main problem for energy supplying systems based on hydrogen is its storage. In fact, a devices like a common gas bottle reaches a storing capacity of 1,5 wt.-% for hydrogen (calculation made considering a 50 l steel tank weighting ca.95 kg charged at 200 bar hydrogen). On the other hand, storing hydrogen in liquid form will not solve the problem, requiring a huge amount of energy for the liquefaction, high pressure resisting tanks those will have, in addition, the known problem of loss over time by effusion, without considering the risk of handling hydrogen at high pressures. Other systems provide hydrogen through physically bound metal hydrides, which show good results for releasing velocity but have only limited storing capacities [1]. Therefore, alternative hydrogen storing systems with high capacities, low releasing temperatures and high purity of the released gas are needed. These systems use compounds with mostly chemically bound hydrogen like ammoniaborane [2,3]. The problem here is hidden in the difficult production and recycling process of these compounds. To overcome the various difficulties in this field a chemically storing system should be easy to produce and recycle. With its 17,6 wt.-% of hydrogen, ammonia is an interesting possibility. As a matter of fact, it is widely produced in big amounts and easy to liquefy at the relatively low pressure of 8 bar, leading to a capacity of 120 kgH2/m 3 [4]. The decomposition of ammonia occurs at temperature around 400 °C releasing hydrogen and nitrogen, which was taken from the air during production, as only side product [5,6]. This product gas mixture can in principle directly be used in a hydrogen fuel cell or combustion
A Systematic Review of Gesture Elicitation Studies (2020)

Gesture elicitation studies represent a popular and resourceful method in HCI to inform the design of intuitive gesture commands, reflective of end-users' behavior, for controlling all kinds of interactive devices, applications, and systems. In the last ten years, an impressive body of work has been published on this topic, disseminating useful design knowledge regarding users' preferences for finger, hand, wrist, arm, head, leg, foot, and whole-body gestures. In this paper, we deliver a systematic literature review of this large body of work by summarizing the characteristics and findings ofN=216gesture elicitation studies subsuming 5,458 participants, 3,625 referents, and 148,340 elicited gestures. We highlight the descriptive, comparative, and generative virtues of our examination to provide practitioners with an effective method to (i) understand how new gesture elicitation studies position in the literature; (ii) compare studies from different authors; and (iii) identify opportunities for new research. We make our large corpus of papers accessible online as a Zotero group library at https://www.zotero.org/groups/2132650/gesture_elicitation_studies.
Cellular ATP depletion induces disruption of the spectrin cytoskeletal network (1996)

Ischemia in vivo or ATP depletion in vitro result in disruption and cellular redistribution of the cortical F-actin cytoskeleton in epithelial cells. However, little is known regarding the effect of these two maneuvers on other components of the actin cytoskeleton. Because the spectrin (fodrin in epithelial cells)-based network links the actin cytoskeleton to the surface membrane, we have utilized a reversible model of ATP depletion in LLC-PK1 cells to study the effect of ATP depletion on fodrin and ankyrin. Under physiological conditions, both ankyrin and fodrin were largely Triton X-100 insoluble and colocalized immunofluorescently along the lateral membranes of LLC-PK1 cells. After ATP depletion, there was a rapid and duration-dependent increase in Triton X-100 solubility of both proteins. This was not true for villin and myosin 1, as Triton X-100 solubility was unaffected and reduced by ATP depletion, respectively. The increase in fodrin and ankyrin detergent solubility during ATP depletion was associated with cytosolic redistribution of the proteins, as determined using immunofluorescent techniques. Sucrose gradient fractionation and Western blot analysis of the Triton X-100-soluble fraction following ATP depletion revealed lack of association between fodrin and ankyrin. Furthermore, dual-label digital confocal immunofluorescent studies revealed lack of association of cytoplasmic ankyrin and fodrin following ATP depletion. Taken together, these data indicate that ATP depletion in LLC-PK1 cells leads to dissociation of both ankyrin and fodrin from the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, the two proteins dissociate from each other and redistribute throughout the cytoplasm.
A Thermodynamical Study on the Phase Formation and Sequence by Ion Beam Mixing in Al/Pd System (1993)

Evaporated Al/Pd thin films were irradiated with various doses to produce intermetallic compounds. In order to study the first phase formation and phase sequence, RBS and TEM studies have been used. It was found that the initial phase formed by irradiation of was , while gave the subsequent phase of AlPd. This phenomenon was analysed using effective heat of formation (H') model. The experimental results agree with that predicted by effective heat of formation model. This model has been extended to predict the first phase formation and phase sequence by ion beam mixing in metal/Si systems as well as metal-metal systems.
A Twist on Nonlinear Optics: Understanding the Unique Response of π-Twisted Chromophores (2019)

Materials with large nonlinear optical (NLO) response have the ability to manipulate the frequency and phase of incident light and exhibit phenomena that form the basis of modern telecommunication systems. In molecule-based materials, the second- and third-order NLO performance is related to the hyperpolarizability (β) and second hyperpolarizability (γ) of the constituent molecules. The search for higher β materials is driven by the desire to keep pace with expanding demand for high speed data transmission, while discovery of high γ chromophores is crucial for the development of emergent photonic technologies reliant on manipulation of "light-with-light". For decades, it was believed that for highest performance, organic NLO materials must be composed of planar π-system chromophores, and much exploratory research focused on subtle molecular modifications, which generally yielded incremental increases in μβ, where μ is the molecular dipole moment. The surprising recent discovery that twisted π-system chromophores can exhibit dramatically higher β values than their planar analogues has revealed a new design paradigm and stimulated the development of high performance twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) chromophores, which are composed of electron-donating and electron-accepting π-substituents joined by a sterically constrained twisted biaryl fragment. In such chromophores, the twisting of the π-system enforces charge separation in the electronic ground state, leading to large dipole moments and low-lying charge-transfer excitations. This unique electronic structure forms the basis for enhanced NLO response, with an archetypal TICT chromophore, TMC-2, exhibiting very large second- ( μβ = 24 000 × 10<sup>-48</sup> esu) and third-order (γ = 1.4 × 10<sup>-33</sup> esu) metrics in dilute low-polarity solutions. This Account summarizes several approaches to enhance μβ in various environments, including (1) manipulating the biaryl torsional angle, (2) modifying the electron accepting fragment, (3) extending conjugation, (4) adding multiple twisted fragments, (5) modifying chromophore side chains, and (6) tuning the chromophore environment. Another set of modifications is explored to enhance γ, including (1) coupling to a cyanine dye to hybridize the cyanine and TICT orbitals, (2) manipulating the donor and acceptor group identity. The extensive modifications described above yield a detailed understanding of TICT chromophore molecular NLO response and unambiguous evidence that such chromophores have the potential to revolutionize organic electro-optics.
A family of distributions for the error term in linear mixing models for hyperspectral images (2008)

A traditional linear-mixing model with a structured background used in the hyperspectral imaging literature often assumes normality (Gaussianity) of the error term. This assumption is often questioned. In previous research, we show that the normal (Gaussian) distribution gives only a very crude approximation to the actual error term distribution. In this paper, we use a broader class of distributions called exponential power (or error) distributions. We investigate suitability of those distributions using a specific example of an AVIRIS hyperspectral image. We demonstrate that the exponential power distributions provide a satisfactory description of the marginal error term distributions for the AVIRIS hyperspectral image used in this paper.
Stimulation of IRF-7 Gene Expression by Tumor Necrosis Factor α (2002)

Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) plays an important role in innate immunity, where, together with IRF-3, it controls the expression of interferon A/B genes as well as chemokine RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted). Previously, we characterized human IRF-7 promoter and showed that an interferon-stimulated response element site in the first intron binds interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) and confers the response to interferon. Here we report the stimulation of IRF-7 expression by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in human peripheral blood monocytes. Using promoter analysis in combination with electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we have demonstrated that an NFkappaB site located next to the TATA box, binds p50 and p65 heterodimer and is required for the induction of the IRF-7 gene by TPA and TNFalpha. In addition, we report stimulation of IRF-7 gene expression by topoisomerase II (TOPII) inhibitors. We show by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay that treatment with the TOPII inhibitor etoposide induces association of acetylated histone 3 with the promoter of IRF-7 gene, indicating that TOPII-mediated changes in chromatin structure could be responsible for the induction. This suggests that the IRF-7 gene is localized in the condensed area of the chromosome where it is inaccessible to transcription factors that would promote its constitutive expression.
Role of the KLRG1 pathway during the immune response to cancer (2020)

Abstract Immunotherapy drugs targeting T cells have been successfully developed for a variety of different cancers. In contrast, comparably less work has been done on targeting natural killer (NK) cells for immunotherapy. NK cells are intriguing targets for a number of different reasons, including their cytotoxic abilities and relatively lower autoimmunity risks. Thus, treatments that target NK cells, either alone or in conjunction with T cells, should be explored for the development of new treatments. One of the most well-known immunotherapy targets, programmed death-1 (PD-1) has recently been implicated in modulating NK cell function in cancer and demonstrates that targeting NK cells is an important aspect of cancer treatment. In addition to PD-1, there are many checkpoint molecules that may be capable of impacting NK cell function. One such target is KLRG1, a well conserved C-type lectin inhibitory receptor expressed on NK cells, which contains an ITIM in its cytoplasmic domain. To determine the role of KLRG1, and expand on the role of PD-1, as potential NK cell checkpoints, we developed a series of mice deficient for KLRG1 and PD-1, and took advantage of the NK sensitive cancer model B16. Following administration of B16-E-cadherin, we found that KLRG1 deficient animals had significantly fewer tumors in the lung tissue, compared to wild type controls. In addition, B16-E-cadherin resulted in a higher number of tumors in wild-type mice, compared to the parental B16 cell line. Altogether, these data suggest that KLRG1 is a checkpoint target candidate.
Parental preferences regarding administration of an animal-derived versus a synthetic medication to newborn infants (2016)

Parents have concerns about exposing neonates to animal-derived medication and wish to be informed if an animal-derived medication is being considered.
Accurate Yearly Yield Calculation Using PV Module Fingerprint Method – Applied for MWT, H-Pattern and Thin Film Modules (2015)

The yearly yield of a module in kWh/kWp depends on the module, the mounting of the module and the location. Accurate models for the calculation of the yearly yield can be very detailed and require many parameters. The parameters of these models are often difficult to determine. Simple models are often not very accurate. In this paper, a method will be described which is simple and accurate for x-Si (MWT back contact and H-pattern) and triple junction a:Si thin film modules. The method consists of 2 stages. First a so-called fingerprint is made of the module at given location. The input for the fingerprint is the irradiance, ambient and module temperature and power output of the module during a limited timeframe. No IV curve, open cell voltage or short circuit current is required. Secondly the power output is calculated with ambient temperature and irradiance data as input, from which the yearly yield in kWh/kWp can be calculated. The accuracy of the model was determined from the comparison of the calculated and measured module temperature and power output. For the x-Si modules, the deviation of the yearly yield was &lt;0.1%, while for the a:Si the deviation was 2%. The higher deviation of the a:Si was due to the lower stability of the thin film module during the year of operation.
Centromeric index measurement by slit‐scan flow cytometry (1983)

We report here the application of slit-scan flow cytometry (SSFCM) in the classification of muntjac, Chinese hamster, and human chromosomes according to centromeric index (CI) and total fluorescence. Chromosomes were isolated from mitotic cells, stained with propidium iodide and processed through the SSFCM where fluorescence profiles were measured. The centromere for each profile was taken as the point of maximum difference between the measured profile and a standard profile having no centromeric dip. The areas under the profile on either side of the centromere were then calculated and the CI was calculated as the ratio of the larger area to the total area under the profile. Relative DNA contents for each chromosome were taken to be proportional to the total fluorescence. Mean CI's for muntjac chromosomes 1, 2, and X + 3 were 0.52, 0.88, and 0.73, respectively; CI's for Chinese hamster M3-1 chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 8, and M2 were 0.53, 0.55, 0.57, 0.77, and 0.86, respectively; and average CI's for chromosome groups 4 + t (X;5), 6 + 7 + Y, 9 + M1, and 10 + 11 were 0.56, 0.82, 0.58, and 0.60, respectively. These results were, on average, within 4.4% of CI measurements made by image cytometry. CI's measured for human chromosomes 9 through 12, were, on average, within 2.0% of those made by image cytometry.
Characterization of ANGPT2 mutations associated with primary lymphedema (2020)

Primary lymphedema is caused by developmental and functional defects of the lymphatic vascular system that result in accumulation of protein-rich fluid in tissues, resulting in edema. The 28 currently known genes causing primary lymphedema can explain <30% of cases. Angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1) and ANGPT2 function via the TIE1-TIE2 (tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and epidermal growth factor-like domains 1 and 2) receptor complex and α5β1 integrin to form an endothelial cell signaling pathway that is critical for blood and lymphatic vessel formation and remodeling during embryonic development, as well as for homeostasis of the mature vasculature. By screening a cohort of 543 individuals affected by primary lymphedema, we identified one heterozygous de novo <i>ANGPT2</i> whole-gene deletion and four heterozygous <i>ANGPT2</i> missense mutations. Functional analyses revealed three missense mutations that resulted in decreased ANGPT2 secretion and inhibited the secretion of wild-type (WT)-ANGPT2, suggesting that they have a dominant-negative effect on ANGPT2 signaling. WT-ANGPT2 and soluble mutants T299M and N304K activated TIE1 and TIE2 in an autocrine assay in human lymphatic endothelial cells. Molecular modeling and biophysical studies showed that amino-terminally truncated ANGPT subunits formed asymmetrical homodimers that bound TIE2 in a 2:1 ratio. The T299M mutant, located in the dimerization interphase, showed reduced integrin α5 binding, and its expression in mouse skin promoted hyperplasia and dilation of cutaneous lymphatic vessels. These results demonstrate that primary lymphedema can be associated with <i>ANGPT2</i> mutations and provide insights into TIE1 and TIE2 activation mechanisms.
Linearization of photonic components for digital and analog optical fiber communication systems (2017)

The need for photonic components with linear electric field has increased for both analog and digital communication systems as these systems evolve toward faster speed, higher spectral efficiency (SE), and wider bandwidth environments. Here, we present a common linearization platform for electric field coming from any Mach-Zehnder (MZ)-based devices. We show how this common platform has applications and advantages as linear Frequency Discriminator (FD) device for phase-modulated direct-detection Microwave Photonic Link (MPLs), and as linear Electric Field Modulator (LOFM) for multilevel coherent transmitter in digital optical communication systems.
Composition Dependence of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Ta/CoxFe80-xB20/MgO/Ta (x=0, 10, 60) Multilayers (2013)

The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of sputtered CoFeB thin films covered by MgO was investigated by vibrating sample magnetometry. Three different <TEX>$Co_xFe_{80-x}B_{20}$</TEX> alloys were studied. Under out-of plane magnetic field, the saturation field was found to increase with increasing the Co content. The magnetization and interface anisotropy energy were obtained for all samples. Both showed a marked dependence on the MgO overlayer thickness. In addition, their variations were found to be non-monotonous as a function of the Co concentration.
Oxidized Forms of Olive Oil Secoiridoids: Semisynthesis, Identification and Correlation with Quality Parameters (2022)

Secoiridoids is the prominent chemical class of olive oil polar constituents and are characterized by significant biological properties. They are abundant in different chemical forms and relatively high concentrations compared to other components, while prone to oxidation due to their chemical motif. In recent years, oxidized derivatives of secoiridoids have been reported, either as natural constituents of olive oil or as components which are gradually formed in all stages of its production and storage. The mono-oxidized forms of oleocanthal and oleacein named as the respective acids have been recently isolated from olive oil and unambiguously structurally characterized. Other oxidized forms of elenolic acid or more complex secoiridoids, such as those of oleuropein and ligstroside aglycones are also sporadically mentioned in the literature. No further information is provided since they have not been isolated in pure form in order to be accurately identified. Most of the time, they are generally referred as oxidized forms of the parent compounds and commonly identified based on mass spectrometric data. In the current study, the semi-synthesis of the main oxidized olive oil secoiridoids, i.e., oleocanthalic acid, oleaceinic acid, EDA acid, carboxylic form of elenolic acid, carboxylic form of ligstroside aglycon, and carboxylic form of oleuropein aglycon is described starting from the corresponding aldehydic derivatives, using SeO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> as oxidative agents. Furthermore, their presence in a number of Greek olive oils was investigated as well, as possible correlation thereof with quality parameters.
Modified Sun-Synchronous Orbits by Means of Solar Sails (2011)

Sun synchronous orbits are widely and most successfully employed for Earth observation, as the lighting conditions during each passage of a satellite over a given area are constant in time. Orbital plane precession is caused by the Earth oblateness, but only some specific values of semi-major axis and inclination allow having an orbital plane precession synchronous to the apparent motion of the Sun. The main purpose of this article is to prove the existence of a brand new category of Sun synchronous orbits, achievable by combining the Earth oblateness effect with the solar radiation pressure. Up to now, solar sailing has been successfully employed to modify the spacecraft attitude, as proved by the numerous related patents. In the present paper, given the orbital inclination, the small thrust produced by the solar sail allows raising the typical semi-major axis for Sun-synchronicity, thus increasing the number of available Sun- Synchronous orbits. This paper also provides a detailed dissertation about the attitude control strategy required to achieve Sun-synchronicity with Cosmos 1-like solar sails. Keywords: Sun-synchronous orbits, solar sail, attitude control, Equatorial Plane, Earth gravitational constant, perturbation, Lagrange planetary equations, Solar radiation pressure, solar sail acceleration, Sail configuration
Secure routing based on distributed key sharing in large-scale sensor networks (2008)

Sensor networks, usually built with a large number of small, low-cost sensor nodes, are characterized by their large-scale and unattended deployment, necessitating “secur ” communications between nearby, as well as remote, sensor nodes for their intended applications and services. Key setup/sharing is crucial to the protection of such applications/services from attacks, but existing (public-key, cluster-based, or pairwise) solutions become too expensive (hence, inefficient) when the underlying applications/services require communications between distant sensor nodes. To remedy this inefficiency, we propose a novel distributed key-sharing scheme, in which each participating sensor node shares unique keys with a small number of other sensor nodes—called distributed key servers (DKSs)—chosen according to their geographic distance and communication direction. Using DKSs, we develop two secure routing protocols: (1) secure geographic forwarding that delivers packets by using a chain of DKS lookups, each secured with its own key and forwarded geographically; and (2) key establishment that creates a secure session between two distant sensor nodes based solely on symmetric-ciphers. These protocols enable low-cost, low-power sensors to provide high-level security at a very low cost.
Home Hair Removal in All Skin Types with a Combined Radiofrequency and Optical Energy Source Device (2014)

For the first time, a home hair removal device has been shown to be effective and safe in all skin types using a low-energy RF-IPL device.