gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging IR sensors: future directions for test and evaluation (1992)

This paper is a review of present state-of-the-art and future technologies for infrared scene projection, including both target and background simulators. We will address the need to develop appropriate figures of merit for comparison and evaluation of these test methods. Test methods we will review and compare include: raster-scanned laser, liquidcrystal light valve, deformable membrane, reflective deformable-mirror spatial light modulators, thermal emitter arrays, and infrared halftone transparencies.
Managing latency in complex augmented reality systems (1997)

Registration (or alignment) of the synthetic imagery with the real world is crucial in augmented reality (AR) systems. The data from user-input devices, tracking devices, and imaging devices need to be registered spatially and temporally with the user's view of the surroundings. Each device haa an associated delay between its observations of the world and the moment when the AR display presented to the user appe-to be afkted by a change in the data. We call the differences in delay the relative Iatencies. Relative latency is a source of misregistration and should be reduced. We give general methods for handling multiple data streams with different latency values associated with them in a working AR system. We measure the latency differences (part of the system dependent set of calibrations), time-stamp on-host, adjust the moment of sampling, and interpolate or extrapolate data streams. By using these schemes, a more accurate and consistent view is computed and presented to the user.
Is Larger Scoliosis Curve Magnitude Associated with Increased Perioperative Health-Care Resource Utilization? (2012)

Correction of larger curves was associated with increased utilization of perioperative health-care resources, specifically longer operative time, a greater number of vertebral levels instrumented, and higher odds of receiving a blood transfusion.
Utility of small-animal positron emission tomographic imaging of rats for preclinical development of drugs acting on the serotonin transporter (2009)

Visualization of neurotransmission components in living small animals using positron emission tomography (PET) has the potential of contributing to the preclinical development of neuroactive drugs, although it is yet to be examined whether quantitative animal PET data on candidate compounds can be extrapolated to humans. Here, we investigated the comparability of the occupancies of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) by therapeutic agents in rat PET studies with our predetermined data from ex- vivo animal experiments and clinical PET scans. Rats were treated with varying doses of fluvoxamine and a newly developed compound, (2S)-1-[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) piperidin-1-yl]-3-[2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzo[b]furan-4-yloxy]propan-2-ol monohydrochloride (Wf-516), and underwent PET scans with [11C]3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile ([11C]DASB), a selective radioligand for in-vivo quantification of 5-HTT. PET images indicated a reduction of [11C]DASB binding to 5-HTT as a function of the doses and/or plasma concentrations of fluvoxamine and Wf-516. The doses of these drugs at half-maximal effect (15.2 mg/kg and 3.1 mg/kg, respectively), determined that using binding potentials for [11C]DASB, were comparable to those estimated by our previous ex-vivo measurements in rats (4.5 mg/kg and 1.1 mg/kg, respectively), as there was only a 3-fold difference between these results. Moreover, the plasma concentration of fluvoxamine needed for 50% occupancy of central 5-HTT (6.1 ng/ml) was almost equivalent to the value determined in human PET studies (4.6 ng/ml). These findings support the view that the conjunctive use of small-animal PET and [11C]DASB facilitates a quantitative comparison of in-development drugs targeting 5-HTT with established inhibitors and a predictive estimation of their plasma concentrations exerting therapeutic effects in humans.
Detection of In Ovo–Inoculated Infectious Bronchitis Virus by Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridization with a Riboprobe in Epithelial Cells of the Lung and Cloacal Bursa (2002)

In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were utilized to identify tissues infected in ovo with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Chicken embryos were inoculated in ovo (chorioallantoic sac) with the Arkansas (Ark) serotype of IBV at 18 days of age. At 24, 48, 72, and 120 hr postinfection (HPI), bursa, lung, spleen, heart, and thymus were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and paraffin embedded. The digoxigenin-labeled antisense S1 riboprobe detected viral mRNA in the cytoplasm of respiratory epithelial cells in the primary bronchus at 24, 48, and 72 HPI. Viral mRNA was detected in bursa samples collected at 48 hr. Immunohistochemistry detected viral antigens in epithelial cells of the parabronchi and bursal tissues at 24 and 48 hr, respectively. No viral mRNA or antigen was detected by in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry, respectively, in heart, thymus, or spleen at any time after inoculation. On the basis of these data, IBV apparently initially infects lung tissue, then migrates to and infects cells of the bursa. These results indicate that in situ hybridization can be useful in detection of IBV-infected chickens and in understanding the pathogenesis and virulence of IBV infection.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Tertiary Benzylic Alcohols (2010)

Vinyl, aryl, and alkynyl organometallics add to ketones containing a stereogenic sulfoxide. Tertiary alcohols are generated in diastereomerically and enantiomerically pure form. Reductive lithiation converts the sulfoxide into a variety of useful functional groups.
Point-of-Care CD4 Testing to Inform Selection of Antiretroviral Medications in South African Antenatal Clinics: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (2015)

In antenatal clinics implementing Option A, the higher initial cost of a one-time POC CD4 assay will be offset by cost-savings from prevention of pediatric HIV infection.
Sloppy Selection: Providing an Accurate Interpretation of Imprecise Selection Gestures. (2004)

This paper describes on-going work in the analysis of motion dynamics in pen-based interaction. The overall goal is the creation of a model of user motion in pen gestures where constraint and curvature vary over the length of the path. In particular, speed/curvature models of motion are used to analyze pen trajectories and infer target constraints obeyed by a user performing selection gestures. We aim to use this information to calculate an effective local spatial selection tolerance associated with each gesture. This can be used to perform selection according to user intent instead of their literal stroke. Here, we describe our early analysis of constrained user selection gestures, and outline a prototype application that infers a tolerance for one type of selection gesture. The application selectively splits pen strokes based on an analysis of user motion.
Generation and utilization of copper(I) ate complexes from diastereomeric and enantiomeric alkylmercury reagents (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneration and utilization of copper(I) ate complexes from diastereomeric and enantiomeric alkylmercury reagentsDavid E. Bergbreiter and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 15, 4937–4944Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00822a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00822a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Demonstration of competition between endogenous dopamine and [11C]raclopride binding in in vitro brain slices using a dynamic autoradiography technique (2002)

To elucidate the mechanism of in vivo binding competition between radioligand and endogenously released transmitter, we examined the influence of depolarization-induced dopamine (DA) release on [11C]raclopride-specific binding to D2 receptors in slices of living brain tissues using dynamic positron autoradiography. Rat brain slices were incubated in a chamber with [11C]raclopride in oxygenated medium at 34 degrees C for 150 min. Two-dimensional images of radioactivity in the slices were recorded on a storage phosphor screen and dynamic changes were measured. When the brain slices were exposed to the depolarization agents (25 mM K+, 50 mM K+, and 20 microM veratridine), the percentage inhibition of striatal [11C]raclopride-specific binding was 22 +/- 4%, 44 +/- 8% and 54 +/- 7% of the control, respectively. The percentage inhibition of [11C]raclopride-specific binding during each depolarization treatment agreed proportionally with the amount of DA released into the medium. However, preexposure of brain slices to the same depolarization treatment (50 mM K+) did not affect the [11C]raclopride-specific binding, suggesting that the reduction in receptor density and/or affinity was not involved in the decrease of [11C]raclopride-specific binding. [11C]Raclopride-specific binding decreased dose-dependently in the presence of exogenously added DA (range 0.005-3mM). The synaptic DA concentration during each depolarization treatment estimated using three different methods. These results suggest that the decrease of [11C]raclopride-specific binding to striatal slices following evoked DA release is due to competition between endogenous DA and raclopride. It is unlikely that changes in D(2) receptor density or in affinity of the receptors for raclopride are involved. These results provide supportive evidence for in vivo binding competition between radioligand and endogenous neurotransmitter.
Stereochemistry and mechanism of the biosynthesis of leukotriene A4 from 5(S)-hydroperoxy-6(E),8,11,14(Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid. Evidence for an organoiron intermediate (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry and mechanism of the biosynthesis of leukotriene A4 from 5(S)-hydroperoxy-6(E),8,11,14(Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid. Evidence for an organoiron intermediateE. J. Corey, Stephen W. Wright, and Seiichi P. T. MatsudaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4, 1452–1455Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00186a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00186a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anti-guiding and guiding effects in GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2020)

We study the lateral optical confinement effect on the performance and lasing characteristics of GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The anti-guiding and guiding structures are designed by calculating the effective refractive index difference of active and cladding regions. By varying the compensation layer configuration and thickness, the designed effective refractive index of the active region is 0.44% higher than peripheral for the guiding structure. The threshold current density of VCSEL with the guiding structure is 25.4 kA/cm2, which is almost half of that with the anti-guiding structure showing 53.5 kA/cm2. For the anti-guiding structure, the signals from both active and cladding regions are observed by the far-field angle-resolved spectrum at 1.4 × Ith driving current, which agrees well with our simulation. Throughout the study, we show the advantage of the guiding structure both theoretically and experimentally. Moreover, an effective guiding structure is obtained by a proper design and simple device process, which will be very promising for mass production.
Evaluation of a remote radioiodination system for radioimmunotherapy. (1990)

This report describes a remote radioiodination system which is inexpensive, easy to assemble, disposable, and capable of radioiodinating curie levels of activity safely. In addition to the safety afforded by this system, an immobilized oxidant and anion exchange resin are used to generate electrophilic iodine and remove free iodine, respectively. Reducing agents are not used and, therefore, when radioiodinating F(ab')2 fragments, degradation does not occur. In contrast, chloramine-T, sodium metabisulfite (CT/SMB) iodinations of F(ab')2 fragments resulted in products with up to 40% Fab' fragments. Radiolabeling yields (65.8% +/- 8.1%) and antibody immunoreactivity (68.8% +/- 8.0%) were not statistically different (p less than 0.001) from those obtained in remote CT/SMB iodinations. The system is currently being used to radioiodinate both IgG and F(ab')2 monoclonal antibodies with up to 450 mCi 131I for clinical radioimmunotherapy trials.
Far infrared microbolometers for radiometric measurements of ice cloud (2015)

Focal planes of 80x60 VO<sub>x</sub> microbolometers with pixel pitch of 104 μm were developed in support of the remote sensing of ice clouds in the spectral range from 7.9 to 50 μm. A new design that relies on the use of central posts to support the microbolometer platform was shown effective in minimizing the structural deformation usually occurred in platforms of large area. A process for goldblack coating and patterning of the focal plane arrays was established. It was found that the goldblack absorbs more than 98 % and 92 % of incident light respectively at wavelengths shorter and longer than 20 μm. Moreover, a spectral uniformity of better than 96 % was achieved in all spectral channels required for the measurements. The noise figures derived from the data acquired over short periods of acquisition time showed the evidence of a correlation with the format of the addressed sub-arrays. This correlation was not observed in the data acquired over long periods of time, suggesting the presence of low frequency effects. Regardless of the length of acquisition time, an improvement of noise level could be confirmed when the operating temperature was increased. The dependence of responsivity on sub-array format and operating temperature was investigated. The noise equivalent power derived from this study was found to be in the range from 45 to 80 pW, showing that the far infrared focal plane arrays are suited for use in the intended application.
Combining Galois with complex field coding for high-rate space-time communications (2003)

A joint scheme combining error-control coding (ECC) with complex-field coding (CFC) is proposed for space-time communications through flat or frequency-selective fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. It is shown that the diversity gain of this joint coding scheme is the product of the free distance of the ECC, the complex-field block encoder size, and the number of receive antennas, which is computationally difficult to achieve using ECC alone. For two antennas, the scheme can achieve the same performance as the Alamouti (1998) scheme with coding. We also present some high rate transmission schemes that can achieve maximum diversity at a rate higher than one symbol per channel use.
Water retention of flexographic inks and its influence on final print gloss (2007)

Flexographic printing is a process that employs a flexible printing form and low viscous ink, often water-based. The flexible printing form is favourable for printing on rough surfaces, but the high surface tension of the ink may cause printability problems.This work has focused on the interaction between paper/paperboard coating and water-based flexographic ink, aimed at increasing the knowledge about the printing process in form of physical/chemical parameters that are important for ink setting. The effects of printing conditions on print quality, such as printing pressure and temperature, have also been in focus.The work has shown that fluids of different polarities, i.e. different dipole moments, behave differently when being absorbed by a coating layer. Due to their chemical compatibility to the coating layer, fluids with large dipole moment fill the pore matrix of the coating to a lesser extent but penetrate further into the coating than fluids with small dipole moments. On the other hand, polarity of the coating layer also affects the print. When printing on coatings with different polarities, higher print densities was obtained on the more polar substrates. As a tentative explanation, it is proposed that the ink builds different layer structures during drying depending on the coating polarity.Print gloss is related to the ink setting which, in turn, is affected by the solvent retaining capacity of the ink. Large water holding capacity allows the ink components to smoothen out before the structure is set, resulting in a higher print gloss. The rheology of inks is affected by temperature; at a higher temperature the viscosity is reduced. The reduction in ink viscosity at higher temperature has been shown to affect the print quality, e.g., print density and dot gain. It is suggested that a thicker layer is immobilised during impression due to the lower viscosity and that it is an explanation of the higher print density at a higher printing temperature.The influence of impression pressure on dot gain has been experimentally evaluated and mathematically modelled with good agreement. The dot gain is shown to respond non-linearly to the applied printing pressure.Studies based on pilot coated and printed paperboards is also reported, and it is shown that the print quality, e.g. print density, print gloss and dot gain, is largely dependent on the type of ink chosen and on the coating characteristics. Higher clay content in the coating resulted in increased dot gain and a decreased mottling.
[Immunological mechanisms in allergen-specific immunotherapy: impact on future trends in type-1 allergy management]. (1999)

Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only treatment of Type-I allergy that leads to a modulation of the immune response to the eliciting allergen. The repeated administration of high doses of antigen induces a state of "antigen-specific non-responsiveness", i.e. immunologic tolerance to the injected antigen. Accordingly, during and after SIT the proliferative response of allergen-specific T lymphocytes in response to the administered antigen are significantly reduced. According to recent publications, this effect is due to the production of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-10, which is induced during the treatment. On the other hand, a distinct change in the quality of the immune response to the injected allergen can be observed: the production of the IgE-inducing cytokine IL-4 by T helper cells decreases. Moreover, the release of other proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators is suppressed. Together, these events result in a marked decrease of symptoms during allergen exposure and reduced reactivity during challenge.
Cost-effectiveness of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for the preoperative staging of lung cancer, results from the French prospective multicenter trial "EVIEPEB" (2013)

Introduction: Whereas EBUS-TBNA could avoid many mediastinoscopies, there is currently no specific tariff for the procedure in France. The EVIEPEB study ( NCT00960271 ) aimed to assess the cost effectiveness of EBUS-TBNA for the preoperative staging of NSCLC, in the French medico-economic setting. Methods: After a 6 months learning period, 16 French centers were selected for the study on the basis of their ability to perform 9 informative from 10 consecutive EBUS-TBNA procedures. Resectable NSCLC patients with at least one PET positive or &gt; 1 cm mediastinal lymph node were included. Mediastinal staging followed a definite algorithm, where EBUS-TBNA was performed first, followed by mediastinoscopy in patients with negative or non-informative EBUS-TBNA. All direct and indirect costs related to the node’s final diagnosis were recorded. Results: 163 patients were included from February 2009 to December 2010. EBUS-TBNA was performed under general anaesthesia in 90 cases (55.2%), with ROSE in 30 (18.4%). EBUS-TBNA allowed a mediastinal diagnostic in 91.4% of the procedures, leading to a non-surgical treatment in 76 patients. A total of 129 mediastinoscopies were avoided (79,1%), and 29 surgical mediastinal explorations performed, from which only 8 did not confirm EBUS-TBNA findings. According to the current French reimbursement system, this resulted in €1610 saving per patient for the insurance system, but in a €1947 loss / patient for the hospital. Conclusion: EBUS-TBNA appears highly cost-effective for NSCLC staging in France. (Supported by French National Cancer Institute, INCa).
Application of Passive Asymmetric RFID Tags in a High-Assurance Avionics Multi-Domain RFID Processing System (2008)

RFID systems are an important technology that can be used for various applications as logistic processes or access control. Security is in many scenarios required to prevent manipulation and undesired disclosure of information. Symmetric cryptography is typically used in today's systems to protect RFID tags. In more complex and distributed environments, public key cryptography offers significant advantages. Optimized usage of elliptic curve cryptography enabled public-key cryptography on resource-constraint passive RFID tags. The use of asymmetric cryptography requires, however, certificate revocation checks. When the certificate of a tag respectively of a reader is revoked, it will not be accepted anymore. So a stolen or manipulated tag or reader can be invalidated. Common revocation technologies as certificate revocation lists or online certificate status protocol are not well suited for resource-limited RFID tags. This paper presents asymmetric passive RFID tags and presents different revocation concepts adapted to the resource constraint RFID scenarios. The work is motivated by a visionary multi-domain RFID processing environment for future RFID applications in the avionics industry spanning aircraft, airline, airports and maintenance domains. The dynamic integration of on-board RFID system with different ground systems leads to dynamically changing connections between multiple administrative domains.