gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrinsically ultrastrong light-matter interactions in crystalline films of carbon nanotubes (2018)

When optical emitters are strongly coupled to optical cavities, light and matter mix and lose their distinct characteristics. To date, strong light-matter coupling has only been observed in hybrid systems, where cavities and emitters are separate objects. Here, we show that carbon nanotubes can be crystallized into chip-scale superlattices and that this new material enables intrinsically ultrastrong light-matter interactions: rather than interacting with external cavities, nanotube excitons couple to the near-infrared Fabry-Perot plasmon resonances of the nanotubes themselves. Our crystallized nanotube films have a hexagonal crystal structure, ~25 nm domains, and a 1.74 nm lattice constant. This extremely high nanotube density allows plasmon-exciton coupling strengths to reach 0.5 eV, which is 75% of the bare exciton energy and a record for light-matter interactions at room temperature. Crystallized nanotube films provide a compelling foundation for high-ampacity conductors, low-power optical switches, tunable metamaterials, and thresholdless nanolasers.
Temperature measurement in a gas turbine engine combustor (2023)

A method and system for determining a temperature of a working gas passing through a passage to a turbine section of a gas turbine engine. The method includes identifying an acoustic frequency at a first location in the engine upstream from the turbine section, and using the acoustic frequency for determining a first temperature value at the first location that is directly proportional to the acoustic frequency and a calculated constant value. A second temperature of the working gas is determined at a second location in the engine and, using the second temperature, a back calculation is performed to determine a temperature value for the working gas at the first location. The first temperature value is compared to the back calculated temperature value to change the calculated constant value to a recalculated constant value. Subsequent first temperature values at the first location may be determined based on the recalculated constant value.
Neural functional architecture and modulation during decision making under uncertainty in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (2018)

These results outline a possible treatment mechanism of rTMS in GAD, and pave the way for future studies of treatment optimization.
Adopting security routines in legacy organizations (2016)

Security is a well-known critical issue and exploitation of vulnerabilities is increasing in number, sophistication and damage. Furthermore, legacy systems tend to offer difficulty when upgrades are needed, specially when security recommendations are proposed. This paper presents a strategy for legacy systems based on three disciplines which guide the adoption of secure routines while avoid production drop. We present a prototype framework and discuss its success in providing security to the network of a power plant.
Pediatric Moyamoya (2020)

Quon, Jennifer L MD; Jin, Michael C; Rao, Vaishnavi; Iyer, Aditya K MD; Steinberg, Gary K MD, PhD; Grant, Gerald A MD Author Information
In vivo mapping of substance P receptors in brains of laboratory animals by high‐resolution imaging systems (2007)

Abstract Neurotransmission mediated by substance P (SP) and NK 1 receptor has been implicated in the pathophysiology of analgesia, emesis and diverse neuropsychiatric conditions including depression and anxiety disorder. Several lines of clinical trials using NK 1 receptor antagonists have been conducted to date, and the efficiency of preclinical assessments for proof of concept and dose optimization could be greatly increased by configuring an in vivo analytical system that permits quantitative mapping of NK 1 receptors in the brains of small‐size laboratory animals expressing “human‐like” NK 1 receptors. Hence, we investigated the applicability of experimental animals, ranging from rodents to primates, to positron emission tomographic (PET) measurements with [ 18 F]fluoroethyl‐SPA‐RQ, a modification of a recently established radioligand for NK 1 receptors. A pharmacokinetic assay could be performed for a rhesus monkey in an awake condition, which allows the circumvention of influences of anesthesia on SP neurotransmission. Coregistration of PET and magnetic resonance images acquired by small‐animal‐dedicated devices enabled detailed localization of NK 1 receptors in the gerbil and marmoset brains. The present study also revealed the potentials of SDZ NKT 343 as an antagonist for central NK 1 receptors. In conjunction with additional in vitro and ex vivo autoradiographic observations, our in vivo results have demonstrated a similarity in the binding pattern among the animals examined, justifying cross‐species extrapolation of PET findings on the SP‐NK 1 pathway. Synapse 61:205–215, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protocol coding with reordering of user resources: Capacity results for the Z-channel (2011)

We consider protocol coding that gives a rise to secondary communication channels, defined by combinatorial ordering of the user resources (packets, channels) in a primary (legacy) communication system. In general, the capacity analysis of the secondary communication channel depends on the way the errors are introduced in the communication. Here we extend the previous results for the capacity of secondary communication channels obtained for the binary erasure channel model, to the case of the Z-channel model. This error model is of practical relevance in secondary communication channels because they are often asymmetric, i.e the probability that a packet will not be detected is much higher than the probability that noise can produce detection of a valid packet, since packet existence is detected through very robust preamble/synchronization sequences. The capacity results are obtained by modelling the secondary channel by a cascade of channels, which proves to be an effective framework for capacity analysis.
<title>Fiber-optic-based biosensor: signal enhancement in a production model</title> (1992)

A fiber optic-based biosensor which integrates a novel array of optical and electrical components, together with long fused silica fibers and proteins for detection of analyte in solution has been put into limited production. The optical fiber core near the distal end is tapered and coated with either antibodies or DNA binding proteins. Assays are performed by flowing a solution containing the fluorescently tagged ligand molecules over the coated fiber. Within seconds, analyte recognition occurs and a fluorescence signal is transmitted back up the fiber. Applications for the biosensor include clinical diagnostics, pollution control, and environmental monitoring. Ten of the laboratory devices described in this article have been constructed and are being used for assay development. In addition, the prototype of a truly portable device has recently been built and is now being tested.
Interface Engineering in High-Performance Low-Voltage Organic Thin-Film Transistors Based on 2,7-Dialkyl-[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophenes (2011)

We investigated two different (2,7-dialkyl-[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophenes; C(n)-BTBT-C(n), where n = 12 or 13) semiconductors in low-voltage operating thin-film transistors. By choosing functional molecules in nanoscaled hybrid dielectric layers, we were able to tune the surface energy and improve device characteristics, such as leakage current and hysteresis. The dipolar nature of the self-assembled molecules led to a shift in the threshold voltage. All devices exhibited high charge carrier mobilities of 0.6-7.0 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). The thin-film morphology of BTBT was studied by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), presented a dependency upon the surface energy of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) hybrid dielectrics but not upon the device performance. The use of C(13)-BTBT-C(13) on hybrid dielectrics of AlO(x) and a F(15)C(18)-phosphonic acid monolayer led to devices with a hole mobility of 1.9 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) at 3 V, on/off ratio of 10(5), small device-device variation of mobility, and a threshold voltage of only -0.9 V, thus providing excellent characteristics for further integration.
Mapping anorexia nervosa genes to clinical phenotypes (2022)

Our BMI-stratified results provide potential avenues of functional mechanism for AN-genes to investigate further.
Photoacoustic temperature imaging based on multi-wavelength excitation (2018)

Building further upon the high spatial resolution offered by ultrasonic imaging and the high optical contrast yielded by laser excitation of photoacoustic imaging, and exploiting the temperature dependence of photoacoustic signal amplitudes, this paper addresses the question whether the rich information given by multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) allows to obtain 3D temperature images. Numerical simulations and experimental results are reported on agarose phantoms containing gold nanoparticles and the effects of shadowing, reconstruction flaws, etc. on the accuracy are determined.
Complex-Valued Hough Transforms for Circles (2015)

This paper advocates the use of complex variables to represent votes in the Hough transform for circle detection. Replacing the positive numbers classically used in the parameter space of the Hough transforms by complex numbers allows cancellation effects when adding up the votes. Cancellation and the computation of shape likelihood via a complex number's magnitude square lead to more robust solutions than the "classic" algorithms, as shown by computational experiments on synthetic and real datasets.
Influence of plural scattering on the quantitative determination of spin and orbital moments in electron magnetic chiral dichroism measurements (2011)

Recent quantitative measurements of the orbital to spin magnetic moment ratio ${m}_{L}/{m}_{S}$ in electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) experiments have given a ${m}_{L}/{m}_{S}$ ratio that is larger than commonly accepted values. We demonstrate here that plural scattering may noticeably influence the ${m}_{L}/{m}_{S}$ ratio. An equation is derived which describes its influence as a function of the spectral integrals of the plasmon scattering region and zero-loss peak. The influence of the electron-plasmon scattering can be removed when electron energy-loss spectra of the ionization edge are deconvoluted by the low-loss signal. For a bcc-Fe sample we obtain ${m}_{L}/{m}_{S}$ $=0.04$ after plasmon removal. We conclude that the plural scattering should be considered when extracting quantitative information from EMCD measurements.
Organometallic Routes into the Nanorealms of Binary Fe-Si Phases (2010)

The Fe-Si binary system provides several iron silicides that have varied and exceptional material properties with applications in the electronic industry. The well known Fe-Si binary silicides are Fe3Si, Fe5Si3, FeSi, a-FeSi2 and b-FeSi2. While the iron-rich silicides Fe3Si and Fe5Si3 are known to be room temperature ferromagnets, the stoichiometric FeSi is the only known transition metal Kondo insulator. Furthermore, Fe5Si3 has also been demonstrated to exhibit giant magnetoresistance (GMR). The silicon-rich b-FeSi2 is a direct band gap material usable in light emitting diode (LED) applications. Typically, these silicides are synthesized by traditional solid-state reactions or by ion beam-induced mixing (IBM) of alternating metal and silicon layers. Alternatively, the utilization of organometallic compounds with reactive transition metal (Fe)-carbon bonds has opened various routes for the preparation of these silicides and the silicon-stabilized bcc- and fcc-Fe phases contained in the Fe-Si binary phase diagram. The unique interfacial interactions of carbon with the Fe and Si components have resulted in the preferential formation of nanoscale versions of these materials. This review will discuss such reactions.
Crystal Structure of Human Soluble Adenylate Cyclase Reveals a Distinct, Highly Flexible Allosteric Bicarbonate Binding Pocket (2014)

Soluble adenylate cyclases catalyse the synthesis of the second messenger cAMP through the cyclisation of ATP and are the only known enzymes to be directly activated by bicarbonate. Here, we report the first crystal structure of the human enzyme that reveals a pseudosymmetrical arrangement of two catalytic domains to produce a single competent active site and a novel discrete bicarbonate binding pocket. Crystal structures of the apo protein, the protein in complex with α,β-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate (AMPCPP) and calcium, with the allosteric activator bicarbonate, and also with a number of inhibitors identified using fragment screening, all show a flexible active site that undergoes significant conformational changes on binding of ligands. The resulting nanomolar-potent inhibitors that were developed bind at both the substrate binding pocket and the allosteric site, and can be used as chemical probes to further elucidate the function of this protein.
Statistics of PMD-induced power fading for intensity-modulated double-sideband and single-sideband microwave and millimeter-wave signals (2001)

Polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) can severely degrade the performance of millimeter-wave fiber-optic links by inducing a power fading penalty of the received signal that is dependent on the subcarrier frequency and accumulated PMD along the fiber. We experimentally investigate the statistics of PMD-induced power fading as a function of the differential group delay (DGD) for intensity-modulated double- and single-sideband subcarrier-multiplexed signals in the absence of chromatic dispersion. We find a similar susceptibility to PMD-induced power fading for both modulation formats with a subcarrier frequency of 7 GHz using a PMD emulator with a Maxwellian distribution of DGD (average DGD /spl sim/40 ps). A significant improvement in the worst case power fading penalty (/spl sim/20 dB) is achieved by using an electronically controlled polarization controller in combination with a single section of polarization maintaining fiber in a dynamic first-order PMD compensator. Furthermore, the results of numerical Monte Carlo simulations support the measured data and show the scalability of PMD-induced power fading for subcarrier-multiplexed signals in the microwave and millimeter-wave region.
Interim safety and immunogenicity results from an NDV-based COVID-19 vaccine phase I trial in Mexico (2023)

There is still a need for safe, efficient, and low-cost coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines that can stop transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here we evaluated a vaccine candidate based on a live recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) that expresses a stable version of the spike protein in infected cells as well as on the surface of the viral particle (AVX/COVID-12-HEXAPRO, also known as NDV-HXP-S). This vaccine candidate can be grown in embryonated eggs at a low cost, similar to influenza virus vaccines, and it can also be administered intranasally, potentially to induce mucosal immunity. We evaluated this vaccine candidate in prime-boost regimens via intramuscular, intranasal, or intranasal followed by intramuscular routes in an open-label non-randomized non-placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial in Mexico in 91 volunteers. The primary objective of the trial was to assess vaccine safety, and the secondary objective was to determine the immunogenicity of the different vaccine regimens. In the interim analysis reported here, the vaccine was found to be safe, and the higher doses tested were found to be immunogenic when given intramuscularly or intranasally followed by intramuscular administration, providing the basis for further clinical development of the vaccine candidate. The study is registered under ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04871737.
Both CD28 ligands CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and wortmannin reveals heterogeneity in the regulation of T cell IL-2 secretion (1995)

In this report, the co-stimulatory signals provided by CD80 (B7-1) or CD86 (B7-2) were compared to CD28 ligation by mAb. We demonstrate that while both anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies induced activation of phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase, the kinetics of activation differed. Anti-CD28 produced a sustained activation of PI 3-kinase while anti-CD3 induced activation was transient. Both B7-1 and B7-2 could induce prolonged activation of PI 3-kinase. The co-stimulatory effects of B7-1 and B7-2 were dependent on CD28 cross-linking, based on complete inhibition of PI 3-kinase activation by CD28 antibody Fab fragments. While Jurkat T cells co-stimulated with anti-CD3 and B7-1 or B7-2 secreted high levels of IL-2, there were distinct effects of anti-CD28 mAb and B7-1 or B7-2 on IL-2 secretion in conjunction with protein kinase C activation. To assess functional effects of CD28 ligation, pharmacologic inhibitors of PI 3-kinase were evaluated. In Jurkat cells, efficient inhibition of PI 3-kinase activation after B7-2 stimulation was achieved using wortmannin; however, we observed a surprising increase in IL-2 secretion after B7 or anti-CD28 stimulation. The effect of wortmannin was concentration dependent. Moreover, the effect was specific for receptor-mediated activation as wortmannin did not enhance phorbol ester plus ionomycin-induced IL-2 secretion. Another inhibitor of PI 3-kinase, LY294002, also resulted in augmentation of anti-CD28-induced IL-2 secretion by Jurkat cells. The effects of wortmannin on IL-2 secretion were also examined in primary T cells. In marked contrast, wortmannin resulted in a potent inhibition of anti-CD3 plus B7-1 or anti-CD28-induced IL-2 secretion while phorbol ester plus ionomycin-induced IL-2 secretion was wortmannin resistant. Together these observations demonstrate that signal transduction by both B7-1 and B7-2 involves PI 3-kinase, and that PI 3-kinase or other wortmannin-sensitive targets are important for IL-2 secretion. Finally, treatment of Jurkat cells with PI 3-kinase inhibitors alone was sufficient to induce low levels of IL-2 secretion. This is consistent with the notion that a wortmannin-sensitive target such as PI 3-kinase may down-regulate IL-2 secretion in Jurkat cells.
Mixed-size placement with fixed macrocells using grid-warping (2007)

Grid-warping is a placement strategy based on a novel physical analogy: rather than move the gates to optimize their location, it elastically deforms a model of the 2-D chip surface on which the gates have been coarsely placed via a standard quadratic solve. Although the original warping idea works well for cell-based placement, it works poorly for mixed-size placements with large, fixed macrocells. The new problem is how to avoid elastically deforming gates into illegal overlaps with these background objects. We develop a new lightweight mechanism called "geometric hashing" which relocates gates to avoid these overlaps, but is efficient enough to embed directly in the nonlinear warping optimization. Results from a new placer (WARP3) running on the ISPD 2005 benchmark suite show both good quality and scalability.
CHANGES IN VISUAL ACUITY AND PHOTORECEPTOR DENSITY USING ADAPTIVE OPTICS AFTER RETINAL DETACHMENT REPAIR (2018)

Postoperative cone density was reduced in OFF RD, but also in the ON group, although the drop recovered during the 3-month follow-up. Cone density was significantly correlated with both visual acuity and type of RD at both time points.
Guidelines for optimizing system performance for 20 WDM channels propagating through a cascade of EDFA's (1993)

We analyze 20 wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) channels propagating through a cascade of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA's) covering megameter distances. Optimal operating conditions are found for achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), with as small an SNR differential between channels as possible without resorting to external equalization methods. Issues considered are the link loss between amplifiers, the small-signal gain per amplifier, the wavelength and power of the pump, and the input signal power. We find that the link loss is the most critical parameter for narrowing the SNR differential among the 20 channels. Furthermore, 20-dB small-signal gain for each amplifier provides the highest overall SNR for the 20 channels transmitted across 4500 km. Additionally, either 0.98 or 1.48 mu m pump wavelength can be equivalently used, and the cascade performs well with moderate pump and signal powers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ultrafast Transient-Absorption Studies of Spatially Confined Conjugated Oligomers (2005)

The HC-PAIRS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of health care providers' attitudes and beliefs about the relationship between pain and impairment. The role of health care providers' attitudes in the treatment of low back pain is discussed.
On the measurement of intensity correlations from laboratory and astronomical sources with SPADs and SNSPDs (2016)

We describe the performance of detector modules containing silicon single photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) and superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) to be used for intensity interferometry. The SPADs are mounted in fiber-coupled and free-space coupled packages. The SNSPDs are mounted in a small liquid helium cryostat coupled to single mode fiber optic cables which pass through a hermetic feed-through. The detectors are read out with microwave amplifiers and FPGA-based coincidence electronics. We present progress on measurements of intensity correlations from incoherent sources including gas-discharge lamps and stars with these detectors. From the measured laboratory performance of the correlation system, we estimate the sensitivity to intensity correlations from stars using commercial telescopes and larger existing research telescopes.
Tailoring Ordered Mesoporous Titania Films via Introducing Germanium Nanocrystals for Enhanced Electron Transfer Photoanodes for Photovoltaic Applications (2021)

Abstract Based on a diblock‐copolymer templated sol–gel synthesis, germanium nanocrystals (GeNCs) are introduced to tailor mesoporous titania (TiO 2 ) films for obtaining more efficient anodes for photovoltaic applications. After thermal annealing in air, the hybrid films with different GeNC content are investigated and compared with films undergoing an argon atmosphere annealing. The surface and inner morphologies of the TiO 2 /GeO x nanocomposite films are probed via scanning electron microscopy and grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The crystal phase, chemical composition, and optical properties of the nanocomposite films are examined with transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Special focus is set on the air‐annealed nanocomposite films since they hold greater promise for photovoltaics. Specifically, the charge–carrier dynamics of these air‐annealed nanocomposite films are studied, and it is found that, compared with pristine TiO 2 photoanodes, the GeNC addition enhances the electron transfer, yielding an increase in the short‐circuit photocurrent density of exemplary perovskite solar cells and thus, an enhanced device efficiency as well as a significantly reduced hysteresis.