gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of radially-symmetric versus oriented channel. Models using channelized hotelling observers for myocardial defect detection in parallel-hole SPECT (2002)

The objective of this study was to compare defect detection performance found using radially-symmetric (RS) and radially-symmetric broken into oriented channels (OC) models in channelized Hotelling observers with that from a previously reported human observer ROC study. The main goal of the human observer study was to compare detection performance of left-ventricular myocardial perfusion defects using filtered-backprojection (FB) image reconstruction without attenuation compensation to defect detection performance using maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (ML-EM) image reconstruction with nonuniform attenuation compensation (AC). This was performed for cases of no significant attenuation artifacts (male anatomy, flat diaphragm MF) and significant attenuation reconstruction artifacts (male with raised diaphragm, MR; female with large breasts, F). The areas under the ROC curves (A/sub x/) for the Hotelling observers with both channel models (RS, OC) were calculated and compared to those found in the human observer study. Similar trends with the RC channel model were seen in average observer performance for both human and channelized Hotelling observers in both FB without AC and ML-EM with AC over the three different anatomy types except for the MF anatomy reconstructed with FB. The correlation coefficient for the 6 average observer performances was 0.84. Improved agreement between the human and channelized Hotelling observers was found when using the OC channel model. The correlation coefficient found was 0.94, again with the MF anatomy reconstructed with FB as the most significant difference between the human and channelized Hotelling observer results. Further investigation of the channel models is needed to determine number and alignment of orientations and number and cutoff of frequency bands to improve agreement between human and Hotelling observer results.
Document Production: Visual or Logical? (2016)

Richard Palais ran a column on mathematical typesetting in the AMS Notices, and he invited me to be guest columnist. This is what I wrote–a short exposition of my ideas about producing mathematical documents.
DNN-based Phase Noise Compensation for Sub-THz Communications (2020)

In this paper, a new method is presented for phase noise (PN) compensation in sub-TeraHertz (THz) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. To suppress the higher PN encountered at the sub-THz spectrum bands, a deep neural network (DNN)-based PN compensation framework is proposed. Exploiting the signal under PN impairment and the channel estimate at the receiver, the proposed DNN framework makes hard decisions with respect to each data subcarrier. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Phase 1 Exploratory Efficacy of the Novel Enzyme Replacement Therapy NeoGAA in Treatment-Naïve and Alglucosidase Alfa-Treated Late-Onset Pompe Disease Patients (S38.006) (2016)

OBJECTIVE: This open-label, ascending-dose study (NCT01898364) evaluated safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, and exploratory efficacy of the second-generation enzyme replacement therapy neoGAA in 10 treatment-naïve and 14 alglucosidase alfa-experienced (≥9 mo of treatment) patients with late-onset Pompe disease. BACKGROUND: Exploratory efficacy results are presented here; safety profile and pharmacokinetics are reported separately. DESIGN/METHODS: Adult patients who could walk ≥50 m independently and had upright FVC ≥50[percnt] predicted at baseline received IV neoGAA (5, 10, or 20mg/kg qow) for 24 wks. RESULTS: Study completers included 9 treatment-naïve patients (5mg/kg, n=3; 10mg/kg, n=3; 20mg/kg, n=3) and 12 treatment-experienced patients (5mg/kg, n=3; 10mg/kg, n=4; 20mg/kg, n=5). NeoGAA was well-tolerated in both groups. Quadriceps muscle biopsy glycogen levels were low (~6[percnt]) in most patients in both groups at baseline, and remained mostly unchanged. Naïve patients’ percent predicted sitting-FVC remained stable or increased from baseline to Week 25 (mean±SD changes: 5mg/kg, −2.7±8.8[percnt], n=4; 10mg/kg, +4.3±4.9[percnt], n=3; 20mg/kg, +6.2±3.2[percnt], n=3), while MEP and MIP [percnt] predicted improved or remained stable (respective mean ± SD changes: 5mg/kg,+8.1±2.8[percnt], n=2, +6.1±0.79[percnt], n=2; 10mg/kg, 16.5±8.0[percnt], n=3, 10.6±4.9[percnt], n=3;20mg/kg, 12.0±4.1[percnt], n=3; 7.9 ±15.7[percnt], n=3). In treatment-experienced patients, [percnt] predicted sitting-FVC remained stable from baseline to week 25 (5mg/kg, −0.5±4.3[percnt], n=4; 10mg/kg, −2.0±2.2[percnt], n=4; 20mg/kg, +1.4±5.7[percnt], n=5), as did [percnt] predicted MEP and MIP (5mg/kg, −3.5±10.8[percnt], n=4, +10.5±7.3[percnt], n=4; 10 g/kg, +15.7±38.4[percnt], n=3, +4.2±12.6[percnt], n=3; 20mg/kg, +6.0±21.8[percnt], n=5; −0.2±6.9[percnt], n=5). Six minute walk test distances were generally stable or increased with neoGAA without relationship to patient group or dose level. QMFT and HHD scores improved in both groups, irrespective of dose, whereas GSGC and GMFM-88 showed minimal changes across groups and all dose levels. CONCLUSIONS: While the efficacy assessments were exploratory, these results support further development of neoGAA. Study Supported by: Genzyme, a Sanofi Company
Cooperative vision-aided inertial navigation using overlapping views (2012)

In this paper, we study the problem of Cooperative Localization (CL) for two robots, each equipped with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a camera. We present an algorithm that enables the robots to exploit common features, observed over a sliding-window time horizon, in order to improve the localization accuracy of both vehicles. In contrast to existing CL methods, which require robot-to-robot distance and/or bearing measurements to resolve the robots' relative position and orientation (pose), our approach recovers the relative pose through indirect information from the commonly observed features. Moreover, we analyze the system observability properties to determine how many degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) of the relative transformation can be computed under different measurement scenarios. Lastly, we present simulation results to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.
A three‐dimensional structure model of the complex of glutamyl‐tRNA synthetase and its cognate tRNA (1995)

A docking model of glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) and tRNAGlu was constructed, on the basis of the distinguished similarity between the X-ray crystallographic three-dimensional structures of the N-terminal halves of the Thermus thermophilus GluRS in the free state and the Escherichia coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase in a complex with tRNAGln. The modeled structure is energetically favorable and is also well consistent with the results of site-directed mutagenesis studies. The model indicates that the GluRS-specific insertions 2 and 3 fit and bind to the acceptor stem and the D arm, respectively, of the cognate tRNA without affecting other contacts. In particular, insertion 3 strongly interacts with the two D-stem base pairs that are essential for the tRNA-GluRS recognition.
Phase-matched second-harmonic generation in ferroelectric liquid crystals (1992)

It has recently been demonstrated that ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) which exhibit relatively large second-order optical nonlinearities can be synthesized.1 Much of the attraction of FLCs as harmonic generators lies in the potential for engineering their phase-matching properties for specific uses. We report here on what we believe to be the first study of phase-matched SHG along the entire phase-matching locus in both commercial and enhanced FLC mixtures. Such measurements give important information about device potential and provide a powerful check on the reported signs and magnitudes of individual nonlinear coefficients measured by other techniques.2
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of a cDNA Encoding Salmon (Onchorhynchus keta) Liver Transglutaminase (1996)

We isolated cDNA clones encoding a transglutaminase (TGase: EC 2.3.2.13) from a salmon (Onchorhynchus keta) cDNA library prepared from the liver. In the cDNA sequence combined, an open reading frame coding for a protein of 680 aa was found. The deduced sequence showed a considerable similarity (62.4%) to that of red sea bream TGase. By comparison of sequence similarity to other TGases, the structure of salmon TGase was like tissue type TGases, rather than membrane-associated type or plasma type TGases. As a structural feature of salmon TGase, 3 aa residues were substituted in the 25 aa sequence around the active site Cys residue, which is conserved among several tissue type TGases. The critical residues thought to form the catalytic-center triad (Cys272, His331, and Asp301) were found in the highly conserved region, but the region surrounding Tyr511, which corresponds to the residue participates in hydrogen-bond interactions of active center domain, was less similar to other TGases, except for red sea bream TGase. These finding suggests that the overall structure of fish TGase resembles tissue-type TGases, but has some unique structure.
Measurement of soft-drop jet observables in pp collisions with the ATLAS detector at s=13  TeV (2020)

Jet substructure quantities are measured using jets groomed with the soft-drop grooming procedure in dijet events from $32.9\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $pp$ collisions collected with the ATLAS detector at $\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. These observables are sensitive to a wide range of QCD phenomena. Some observables, such as the jet mass and opening angle between the two subjets which pass the soft-drop condition, can be described by a high-order (resummed) series in the strong coupling constant ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{S}}$. Other observables, such as the momentum sharing between the two subjets, are nearly independent of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{S}}$. These observables can be constructed using all interacting particles or using only charged particles reconstructed in the inner tracking detectors. Track-based versions of these observables are not collinear safe, but are measured more precisely, and universal nonperturbative functions can absorb the collinear singularities. The unfolded data are directly compared with QCD calculations and hadron-level Monte Carlo simulations. The measurements are performed in different pseudorapidity regions, which are then used to extract quark and gluon jet shapes using the predicted quark and gluon fractions in each region. All of the parton shower and analytical calculations provide an excellent description of the data in most regions of phase space.
Autonomous Visual Mapping and Exploration With a Micro Aerial Vehicle (2014)

Cameras are a natural fit for micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) due to their low weight, low power consumption, and two‐dimensional field of view. However, computationally‐intensive algorithms are required to infer the 3D structure of the environment from 2D image data. This requirement is made more difficult with the MAV's limited payload which only allows for one CPU board. Hence, we have to design efficient algorithms for state estimation, mapping, planning, and exploration. We implement a set of algorithms on two different vision‐based MAV systems such that these algorithms enable the MAVs to map and explore unknown environments. By using both self‐built and off‐the‐shelf systems, we show that our algorithms can be used on different platforms. All algorithms necessary for autonomous mapping and exploration run on‐board the MAV. Using a front‐looking stereo camera as the main sensor, we maintain a tiled octree‐based 3D occupancy map. The MAV uses this map for local navigation and frontier‐based exploration. In addition, we use a wall‐following algorithm as an alternative exploration algorithm in open areas where frontier‐based exploration under‐performs. During the exploration, data is transmitted to the ground station which runs large‐scale visual SLAM. We estimate the MAV's state with inertial data from an IMU together with metric velocity measurements from a custom‐built optical flow sensor and pose estimates from visual odometry. We verify our approaches with experimental results, which to the best of our knowledge, demonstrate our MAVs to be the first vision‐based MAVs to autonomously explore both indoor and outdoor environments.
INFLUENCE OF MACHINING ON FRICTION AND WEAR OF LUBRICATED CERAMICS IN SLIP-ROLLING CONTACTS (1997)

Abstract The slip-rolling friction and wear tests were performed in a twin disc tribometer of the Amsler-type at a Hertzian pressure of 3 GPa over 2 million revolutions. Paraffinic oil with no additives was used as lubricant. The ceramics were machined with different processes, resulting in different surface roughness (i.e., rough and fine honed, rough and fine ground, rough and fine lapped, and rough and fine polished). Ceramic materials like HIP-Si3N4, S-SiC, HIP-ZrO2, and GPS-Si3N4-TiN were investigated as self-mated couples. This paper summarizes the results. Si3N4, Si3N4-TiN, and ZrO2 generally exhibit a small wear coefficient in the range of 10−9 mm3/Nm in paraffinic oil and their wear coefficients correlate with the initial surface roughness and the material removal rate. The lowest wear coefficients were exhibited by ZrO2- With a reduction of the Hertzian pressure to 1.5 GPa, S-SiC exhibits the same tribological behavior as the other ceramics.
Modeling the Ultra-Wideband Outdoor Channel: Model Specification and Validation (2010)

In this paper we establish a geometry-based stochastic ultra-wideband channel model for gas stations. We statistically describe the two-dimensional spatial location and power of clustered scatterers, and the shape of their visibility and shadowing regions. We also separately model the diffuse part of the impulse response (i.e., the part that cannot be explained by the scatterers' multipath components), and show that its amplitude fading statistics can be best described by a Weibull distribution with a delay dependent beta-parameter. A step-by-step implementation recipe demonstrates how the model can be built. Finally, we validate our model by comparing simulated and measured channel parameters such as the rms delay spread.
Measuring and Suppressing Quantum State Leakage in a Superconducting Qubit (2016)

Leakage errors occur when a quantum system leaves the two-level qubit subspace. Reducing these errors is critically important for quantum error correction to be viable. To quantify leakage errors, we use randomized benchmarking in conjunction with measurement of the leakage population. We characterize single qubit gates in a superconducting qubit, and by refining our use of derivative reduction by adiabatic gate pulse shaping along with detuning of the pulses, we obtain gate errors consistently below 10^{-3} and leakage rates at the 10^{-5} level. With the control optimized, we find that a significant portion of the remaining leakage is due to incoherent heating of the qubit.
Preparation of Ethylene/1-Hexene Copolymers from Ethylene Using a Fully Silica-Supported Tandem Catalyst System (2016)

A silica-supported tandem catalyst system, capable of producing ethylene/1-hexene copolymers from ethylene being the single monomer, has been investigated. As tandem couple a phenoxyimine titanium catalyst for ethylene trimerization was combined with a metallocene catalyst for α-olefin polymerization. Two different approaches were pursued to combine the two catalysts as silica-supported tandem partners. The co-immobilization of the catalysts on the same support particles led to low polymerization activities and yielded products with low comonomer content due to interference of the two catalysts on the support. Immobilization of the two catalysts on separate supports prevented this interaction and led to high polymerization activities while the comonomer content of the product was controlled by the employed catalyst ratio. The copolymers obtained via the latter method were thoroughly analyzed with respect to their chemical composition distribution (CCD) by DSC-SSA, Crystaf, and HT-HPLC. The obtained data indicate a broad and in some cases bimodal CCD, which was explained by the synergy of composition drift during the polymerization and increasing diffusion limitation within the expanding polymer particle.
Cover Picture: Solid‐State Structural Characterization of Cutinase–ECE‐Pincer–Metal Hybrids (Chem. Eur. J. 17/2009) (2009)

Abstract The interfacial enzyme cutinase…︁ shown at the air–water interface on the cover, was site‐selectively modified with two different ECE‐pincer–metal complexes. The resulting cutinase–pincer–metal hybrids crystallized under halide‐rich conditions to give monomeric crystal structures, but also crystallized under halide‐poor conditions to form a metal‐induced dimer. See the Full Paper by R. J. M. Klein Gebbink, P. Gros, G. van Koten et al. on page 4270 ff. , for details of the chemistry and the crystal structures. Photograph: View from the island of Saba (Netherlands Antilles) taken by Birgit Wieczorek. Design: Birgit Wieczorek and Cornelis A. Kruithof. magnified image
Ground plane effects in monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuits (1993)

The effect of a lossy ground plane on the propagation parameters of a monolithic millimeter-wave microstrip on a semiconductor substrate is studied. The full-wave spectral-domain technique, which can take into account the thickness and conductivity of the ground plane, is used. When considering an ideal ground plane, the losses are very low and quasi-independent of the thickness of the semiconductor. Taking into account the losses of the ground plane, it is shown that the propagation losses are not only dependent on the thickness of the ground plane but also on the thickness of the semiconductor. These losses increase significantly as this thickness is reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Real-time implementation of voice activity detector on ARM embedded processor of smartphones (2017)

This paper presents the real-time implementation of a previously developed voice activity detector (VAD) on ARM embedded processor of smartphones as an app. The implementation is carried out on both Android and iOS smartphones. The real-time detection rates on smartphone platforms in realistic audio environments are reported. As an application of the developed app, it is used to act as an automatic switch between noise and speech sound signals in a noise adaptive speech enhancement pipeline. Objective measures are considered to examine enhanced speech for the switching done automatically and manually as the ground truth. The results obtained indicate that the automatic switching done by the real-time smartphone VAD app performs identical to the manual switching.
MiPad: a multimodal interaction prototype (2002)

Dr. Who is a Microsoft research project aiming at creating a speech-centric multimodal interaction framework, which serves as the foundation for the NET natural user interface. MiPad is the application prototype that demonstrates compelling user advantages for wireless personal digital assistant (PDA) devices, MiPad fully integrates continuous speech recognition (CSR) and spoken language understanding (SLU) to enable users to accomplish many common tasks using a multimodal interface and wireless technologies. It tries to solve the problem of pecking with tiny styluses or typing on minuscule keyboards in today's PDAs. Unlike a cellular phone, MiPad avoids speech-only interaction. It incorporates a built-in microphone that activates whenever a field is selected. As a user taps the screen or uses a built in roller to navigate, the tapping action narrows the number of possible instructions for spoken word understanding. MiPad currently runs on a Windows CE Pocket PC with a Windows 2000 machine where speech recognition is performed. The Dr Who CSR engine uses a unified CFG and n-gram language model. The Dr Who SLU engine is based on a robust chart parser and a plan-based dialog manager. The paper discusses MiPad's design, implementation work in progress, and preliminary user study in comparison to the existing pen-based PDA interface.
The Role of Poly‐hydroxy‐alkanoate Form in Determining the Response of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Biomass to Volatile Fatty Acids (2002)

Anaerobic-aerobic batch experiments indicated that poly-hydroxy-alkanoate (PHA) form was important in determining the net phosphorus removal resulting from different volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Poly-3-hydroxy-butyrate (3HB) content was found to correlate fairly well with higher observed aerobic phosphorus uptake per unit PHA carbon degraded. Poly-3-hydroxy-valerate (3HV) correlated with lower aerobic phosphorus uptakes per unit PHA carbon degraded. These experiments, conducted with synthetic wastewater, imply that VFA speciation might have a significant effect on aerobic phosphorus uptakes and net phosphorus removal. In addition, the model parameter fP.UPT (Barker and Dold, 1997) could vary with the proportion of acetic to propionic acid received (i.e., the acetic/propionic acid ratio may be an important parameter for these systems). Carbohydrate data implied that the lower aerobic phosphorus uptake resulting from 3HV might have been caused by a greater fraction of PHA carbon shunting to carbohydrate biosynthesis during aerobiosis.
The tardigrade protein CAHS D interacts with, but does not retain, water in hydrated and desiccated systems (2023)

Tardigrades are a group of microscopic animals renowned for their ability to survive near complete desiccation. A family of proteins, unique to tardigrades, called Cytoplasmic Abundant Heat Soluble (CAHS) proteins are necessary to mediate robust desiccation tolerance in these animals. However, the mechanism(s) by which CAHS proteins help to protect tardigrades during water-loss have not been fully elucidated. Here we use thermogravimetric analysis to empirically test the proposed hypothesis that tardigrade CAHS proteins, due to their propensity to form hydrogels, help to retain water during desiccation. We find that regardless of its gelled state, both in vitro and in vivo, a model CAHS protein (CAHS D) retains no more water than common proteins and control cells in the dry state. However, we find that while CAHS D proteins do not increase the total amount of water retained in a dry system, they interact with the small amount of water that does remain. Our study indicates that desiccation tolerance mediated by CAHS D cannot be simply ascribed to water retention and instead implicates its ability to interact more tightly with residual water as a possible mechanism underlying its protective capacity. These results advance our fundamental understanding of tardigrade desiccation tolerance which could provide potential avenues for new technologies to aid in the storage of dry shelf-stable pharmaceuticals and the generation of stress tolerant crops to ensure food security in the face of global climate change.
<title>Experimental and computer investigations of slab waveguide rf-excited CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> laser</title> (1996)

Results of investigations of a slab waveguide rf-excited carbon-dioxide laser are presented. Laser output power of range 200 W and efficiency about 10% in a beam with near-diffraction- limit divergence has been achieved. In the repetitive-rate mode, the pulsed power was more than twice as much as the average one in the cw mode. After beam shaping telescope, the total beam divergence of 2 - 3 mrad at the 0.8 power level has been obtained. A codes package of computer simulation of cw slab rf-excited diffusion-cooled carbon-dioxide laser was created. Comparison of calculated and experimental data has been fulfilled.