gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Licochalcone A through ROS-Mediated Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells (2019)

Licochalcone A (LCA) is a chalcone that is predominantly found in the root of <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> species, which is widely used as an herbal medicine. Although previous studies have reported that LCA has a wide range of pharmacological effects, evidence for the underlying molecular mechanism of its anti-cancer efficacy is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effect of LCA on human bladder cancer cells, and found that LCA induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptotic cell death. Our data showed that LCA inhibited the expression of cyclin A, cyclin B1, and Wee1, but increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1, and increased p21 was bound to Cdc2 and Cdk2. LCA activated caspase-8 and -9, which are involved in the initiation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, respectively, and also increased caspase-3 activity, a typical effect caspase, subsequently leading to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Additionally, LCA increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and reduced the integrity of mitochondria, which contributed to the discharge of cytochrome <i>c</i> from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. Moreover, LCA enhanced the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, the interruption of ROS generation using ROS scavenger led to escape from LCA-mediated G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Collectively, the present data indicate that LCA can inhibit the proliferation of human bladder cancer cells by inducing ROS-dependent G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis.
An inflatable hemispherical multi-touch display (2010)

In this paper, we introduce a multi-touch display surface that can be dynamically deformed from a flat circular display to a convex or concave hemispherical display. A rubber latex material is used for the display surface allowing it to inflate or deflate as air is pumped into or out of an airtight container. The elasticity of the display surface also allows users to deform the surface by varying the pressure exerted on it. This deformation may be detected by the device and provides a z-axis input in addition to the typical x,y-axis inputs of flat-screen displays.
The Human Cancer Antigen Mesothelin Is More Efficiently Presented to the Mouse Immune System when Targeted to the DEC‐205/CD205 Receptor on Dendritic Cells (2009)

To develop a tumor vaccine directly targeting tumor antigen to dendritic cells in situ, we engineered human mesothelin (MSLN) into an antibody specific for mouse DEC-205, a receptor for antigen presentation. We then characterized both T cell and humoral responses to human MSLN and compared immunizing efficacy of DEC-205-targeted MSLN to nontargeted protein after a single-dose immunization. Targeting human MSLN to DEC-205 receptor induced stronger CD4(+) T-cell responses compared to high doses of mesothelin protein. Approximately 0.5% CD4(+) T cells were primed to produce IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-2 via intracellular cytokine staining, and the T cells also could proliferate rapidly. The immune response exhibited breadth because the primed CD4(+) T cells responded to at least three epitopes in the H-2(b) background. Targeting MSLN protein to DEC-205 receptor also resulted in cross-presentation to CD8(+) T cells. Antibody responses against human MSLN were also detected in serum from primed mice by ELISA assays. In summary, targeting of MSLN to DEC-205 improves the induction of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell immunity accompanied by an antibody response. DEC-205-targeting could be valuable for enhancing immunity to MSLN in cancers where this nonmutated protein is expressed.
Laser bonding of copper ribbons and clips on SiC power MOSFETs with sintered copper bond buffers (2020)

The source (emitter) contact of MOSFETs (IGBTs) is one of the most sensitive joints of power semiconductor modules. Due to limitations with regards to current density and power cycling reliability, state-of-the-art aluminum wire bonding is replaced, for example, by copper wire or ribbon bonding. In this study, a novel laser micro welding technology has been implemented to connect the source contact of 1.2 kV SiC MOSFETs reinforced by silver-sintered copper bond buffer top plates. The feasibility of laser bonding of 0.3 mm thick copper ribbons or 0.15 mm thick copper clips has been investigated on bond buffer top plates of 0.1 mm or 0.15 mm thickness.The laser bonding process was optimized by optical inspection of the weld seam, shear strength measurements of the bonds, analysis of polished micrograph sections, and electrical characterization of the power MOSFETs. Shear strength values exceeding 200 MPa have been repeatedly achieved for all material combinations. Results of electrical characterization are promising, and optically impeccable welding seams strongly correlate with electrically functional semiconductor devices. Power cycling of encapsulated power modules is currently ongoing, and results will be presented. An outlook is given on future measures to further improve the laser bonding process, and we discuss how laser bonding compares to other advanced topside interconnection methods.
A Novel Method to Utilize Murine Animal Models in Pulmonary Heart Valve Research (2020)

Objective: Approaches for the development of replacement heart valve all have one major technical limitation: the need for expensive and time-consuming large animal models. Murine animal models have many advantages in both speed, quantities, and the use of genetic knockout for mechanistic studies. However, their very small size has prevented their use. Herein we present an integrated imaging/computational method that allows, for the first time, derivation of murine pulmonary heart valve (MPV) shape and mechanical properties. Methods: Whole murine hearts were removed using standard IACUC approved procedures, the pulmonary artery cannulated, and subjected to set transvalvular pressures of 0, 10, 20, and 30 mmHg. The hearts were then fixed and imbedded a rigid polymer and imaged using a nanoCT at single-micron resolution. From the resulting images, very high-resolution 3D reconstructions of each of the 16 MPVs studied were generated. Next, a computational model was developed to match the detailed shape of each MPV for each transvalvular pressure used. Results: The reconstructed geometries of the MPV were quite accurate, facilitated by observation that the MPV geometry largely scales with pressure. That is, such key dimensions as the length of the free edge changed with pressure in proportion to the current circumference of entire valve. The computational model was able to reproduce both the unloaded shape and the changes in shape of the MPV with increasing transvalvular pressure. Importantly, from the resulting model, a unique material behavior was derived that represented the functional state of each leaflet for the normal MPV. This later finding indicated that the MPV has some important structural heterogeneities. Conclusions: Collectively, these results suggest that murine animal models can be used in regenerative approaches for replacement heart valves. KEYWORD: ICTEHV-O-04 The authors do not declare any conflict of interest
Cetuximab-Based Immunotherapy and Radioimmunotherapy of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2010)

Cetuximab has an agonistic effect on the growth of UM-SCC-22B tumors, indicating that tumor response to cetuximab treatment is not necessarily related to EGFR expression and antibody delivery efficiency, as determined by PET imaging. Although PET imaging with antibodies as tracers has limited function in patient screening, it can provide guidance for targeted therapy using antibodies as delivery vehicles.
Design tools for transparent optical networks (2006)

Optical technology promises to revolutionize data networking by providing enormous bandwidth for data transport at minimal cost. A key to cost reduction is to increase transparency, that is, to keep a data stream encoded as an optical signal for as long as possible. Wavelength switching increases transparency by allowing different data streams, each encoded in a different wavelength of light, to be independently routed through an optical network. We discuss Bell Labs-developed software tools that help design wavelength-switched optical networks. The software tools simultaneously minimize the cost of the designed network, reduce the time and cost to perform the design, and ensure compliance with engineering constraints. The tools span three levels of abstraction, from routing and reconfigurable add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) choice, to span engineering, to power dynamics simulation. Each level represents a different tradeoff between design scope and level of detail. For each class of tool, we briefly describe design philosophy, algorithms, performance, and resulting value for Lucent's customers.
Excessive Glucagon Responses to Arginine in Active Acromegaly (1972)

The glucagon response to an arginine infusion was studied in active acromegalic patients as well as in inactive acromegalics and normal subjects. Basal glucagon levels were found to be similar. By contrast the active patients demonstrated higher peak values after arginine infusions than did the other two groups. Blunting of the glucagon response to arginine was noted in patients with inactive acromegaly. In one patient studied before and after treatment, at a time when panhypopituitarism had supervened, no glucagon or insulin response to infused arginine could be elicited. It was concluded that growth hormone is probably required for optimum islet of Langerhans function and that excess growth hormone production will cause excessive glucagon secretion which may contribute to the diabetic diathesis in active acromegaly.
Transfer function based adaptive decompression for volume rendering of large medical data sets (2004)

The size of standard volumetric data sets in medical imaging is rapidly increasing causing severe performance limitations in direct volume rendering pipelines. The methods presented in this paper exploit the medical knowledge embedded in the transfer function to reduce the required bandwidth in the pipeline. Typically, medical transfer functions cause large subsets of the volume to give little or no contribution to the rendered image. Thus, parts of the volume can be represented at low resolution while retaining overall visual quality. This paper introduces the use of transfer functions at decompression time to guide a level-of-detail selection scheme. The method may be used in combination with traditional lossy or lossless compression schemes. We base our current implementation on a multi-resolution data representation using compressed wavelet transformed blocks. The presented results using the adaptive decompression demonstrate a significant reduction in the required amount of data while maintaining rendering quality. Even though the focus of this paper is medical imaging, the results are applicable to volume rendering in many other domains.
A Study on the Solidification and Purification of High Purity Aluminium Alternate Stirring Method (1992)

The degree of purification and the macrostructure of high purity aluminium were studied through the alternate stirring method in order to improve the nonuniformity of solute concentration in the unidirectional stirring method. The factorial design was done to examine the effects of experimental factors more qualitatively. In the relatively low stirring speed of 1500 rpm with alternate stirring mode, the uniform solute profile and refined grain structure were obtained due to strong washing effect and turbulent fluid flow. It was induced by the transition of the momentum boundary layer by alternation of the stirrer. It was concluded from this study that the alternate stirring mode was more effective to obtain the uniformity of solute even in the stirring speed of 1500 rpm. But the degree of purification decreased below the critical alternating period. When 2N(99.8wt.%) aluminium was used as the starting material the morphology of solid-liquid showed the cellular shape and the columnar grains were inclined to the direction of rotation. This inclined grain growth resulted from the difference of relative velocities of solid and liquid. The inclined angle was increased as the stirring speed increased and solidification proceeded. In the case of 4N aluminium, there was no inclined grain growth and it was confirmed from the macrostructure and SEM work that the morphology of solid-liquid interface was planar. From the factorial design, it was found that the alternate stirring mode showed poorer purification effect than that of unidirectional stirring mode at low speed(500 rpm). In addition, the factor that had the most significant effect on the degree of purification was the stirring speed.
SEAM phase II Barrett model classic data study: Land compressive seismic acquisition (2019)

Over the past several years, U.S shale oil and gas production rate has risen faster than any other area in the world, thanks to revolutionary breakthroughs in engineering and research. SEAM Phase II Barrett unconventional model ("SEAM2") was specifically designed to simulate the challenges by embedding finely fractured shale reservoirs with full seismic anisotropy and near-surface responses. SEAM Phase II dataset was sampled as fine as 6.25m in receiver stations, so it captures unaliased near-surface noise. In this paper, the focus is on land acquisition using compressive sensing (CS), (Candès et al., 2006; Donoho, 2006; Hennenfent and Herrmann, 2008). SEAM Phase II is a good candidate to validate the compressive seismic acquisition (CS-A) design based on regular indexing (RI) (Jiang et al., 2017, 2018). The model simulates a challenging unconventional land setting with complex rock properties and seismic surface waves. In this paper, several tests are carried out to examine important aspects of practical land CS acquisition. Some key learnings include, firstly, CS-A can mitigate the risk of aliasing caused by under-sampling, especially for the surface-related wave; secondly, different implementations of CS-A have an impact on the reconstruction SNR for the same sub-sampling ratio. Presentation Date: Wednesday, September 18, 2019 Session Start Time: 8:30 AM Presentation Time: 10:10 AM Location: 221A Presentation Type: Oral
Motion Opponency at MT: Preserved Motion Information and the Effect of Perceptual Learning (2022)

Motion opponency, first observed within the primate middle temporal cortex (MT), refers to the suppressing effect of opposite motion directions on neuronal activity. Namely, when opposing motion directional signals stimulate an MT neuron’s receptive field, this neuron’s response is comparable to that induced by flicker noise. Under such suppression, it is unknown whether any directional information is still represented at MT. In this study, we applied Support Vector Machine learning (SVM) to human functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data to investigate if any motion defined orientation information was still available from suppressed MT. We found that, at least at the level of ±45° discrimination, such orientation information was still available. Interestingly, after behavioral perceptual learning that improved human discrimination of fine orientation discrimination (e.g., 42° vs. 48°) using the MT-suppressive motion stimuli, the SVM discrimination of ±45° did not improve when fMRI signals at post-learning MT were used. This result is consistent with findings in Thompson et al. (2013) that, post perceptual learning, MT suppression was not released, suggesting that motion opponency was perhaps functionally too important for perceptual learning to overcome.
Korean Financial Sector in the Post-Crisis Era: Vision and Policy Issues (2012)

While the global financial sector is undergoing reforms of regulation and supervision for an improved financial system in the future, some areas in the Korean financial sector seem to be moving in the opposite direction. This is largely because the existing level of regulation is regarded as being very high compared with that of the developed countries. As a consequence, it is likely that directional discrepancies invite sudden movements of foreign capital in and out of the country possibly giving rise to tremendous shocks such as experienced during 2008-2009. In order to properly evaluate the situation and hence provide balanced policy recommendations, we set “back to basics” as a vision of the Korean financial sector in the post-crisis era in this paper. Two associated policy issues are discussed. First, the government should no longer try to manufacture finance for the purpose of achieving some policy goals, say economic growth. It should instead help finance find its own self-sustaining growth path. In this regard, the policy makers must weigh carefully the benefits and costs as manufacturing finance could possibly result in moral hazard on the part of economic agents and systemic risk. Second, while Korea needs advanced capital markets that are believed to help achieve sustainable growth of the economy, introducing hedge funds must be carefully administered. This is because it could cause some herd behavior on the part of a small number of wealthier investors possibly giving rise to systemic risk. Strengthening supervisory capabilities is desired. Part III. The Future of Finance 217
Surface Tension and the Strain-Dependent Topography of Soft Solids (2021)

When stretched in one direction, most solids shrink in the transverse directions. In soft silicone gels, however, we observe that small-scale topographical features grow upon stretching. A quantitative analysis of the topography shows that this counterintuitive response is nearly linear, allowing us to tackle it through a small-strain analysis. We find that the surprising increase of small-scale topography with stretch is due to a delicate interplay of the bulk and surface responses to strain. Specifically, we find that surface tension changes as the material is deformed. This response is expected on general grounds for solid materials, but challenges the standard description of gel and elastomer surfaces.
Validation of Serum Versus Plasma Measurements of Chromogranin A Levels in Patients With Carcinoid Tumors (2006)

Either serum or plasma can be used to measure CGA levels. Absolute (static) CGA levels do not positively correlate with symptom intensity during LAR therapy. Dynamic (serial) measurements of CGA are necessary to monitor the effectiveness of medical or surgical therapy.
Donnybrook (2008)

Without well-provisioned dedicated servers, modern fast-paced action games limit the number of players who can interact simultaneously to 16-32. This is because interacting players must frequently exchange state updates, and high player counts would exceed the bandwidth available to participating machines. In this paper, we describe Donnybrook, a system that enables epic-scale battles without dedicated server resources, even in a fast-paced game with tight latency bounds. It achieves this scalability through two novel components. First, it reduces bandwidth demand by estimating what players are paying attention to, thereby enabling it to reduce the frequency of sending less important state updates. Second, it overcomes resource and interest heterogeneity by disseminating updates via a multicast system designed for the special requirements of games: that they have multiple sources, are latency-sensitive, and have frequent group membership changes. We present user study results using a prototype implementation based on Quake III that show our approach provides a desirable user experience. We also present simulation results that demonstrate Donnybrook's efficacy in enabling battles of up to 900 players.
Comment on “Low-temperature homoepitaxial growth on high-miscut Si(111) mediated by thin overlayers of Pb” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 2954 (1999)] (2000)

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Hypoxic induction of vascular endothelial growth factor regulates murine hematopoietic stem cell function in the low-oxygenic niche (2011)

Hypoxia is emerging as an important characteristic of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche, but the molecular mechanisms contributing to quiescence, self-renewal, and survival remain elusive. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is a key regulator of angiogenesis and hematopoiesis. Its expression is commonly regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) that are functionally induced in low-oxygen conditions and that activate transcription by binding to hypoxia-response elements (HRE). Vegfa is indispensable for HSC survival, mediated by a cell-intrinsic, autocrine mechanism. We hypothesized that a hypoxic HSC microenvironment is required for maintenance or up-regulation of Vegfa expression in HSCs and therefore crucial for HSC survival. We have tested this hypothesis in the mouse model Vegfa(δ/δ), where the HRE in the Vegfa promoter is mutated, preventing HIF binding. Vegfa expression was reduced in highly purified HSCs from Vegfa(δ/δ) mice, showing that HSCs reside in hypoxic areas. Loss of hypoxia-regulated Vegfa expression increases the numbers of phenotypically defined hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. However, HSC function was clearly impaired when assessed in competitive transplantation assays. Our data provide further evidence that HSCs reside in a hypoxic microenvironment and demonstrate a novel way in which the hypoxic niche affects HSC fate, via the hypoxia-VEGFA axis.
Promoter Complex in the Central Part of the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Long Terminal Repeat (2007)

Unique among the retroviruses, mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) carries, in addition to the usual long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter, another promoter, P2, which is located in the central part of the proviral U3 sequence, within the LTR open reading frame (ORF). Using an in vitro reporter system based on a sensitive luciferase expression assay, we investigated the regulation of the P2 promoter in the context of the Mtv-2 and Mtv-8 genomes. Irrespective of the genomic source, the activity of the P2 promoter is regulated by a downstream-located enhancer and an upstream-located negative regulatory element (NRE), the activity of which overrides the activator. During this study, we unexpectedly detected another independent neighboring promoter that we called P3. The novel P3 promoter does not seem to be controlled by any NRE but is influenced by the same enhancer that modulates the P2 promoter. The respective transcription starts of the two promoters located in this tight cluster are only 61 bases apart. The transcripts originating from this promoter complex carry the same first intron, which is bound by canonical splice donor and splice acceptor sites located in the LTR. One novel doubly spliced transcript carrying a 459-nucleotide-long ORF was detected in several MMTV-carrying murine cells and could be successfully expressed in murine cells as a His-tagged fusion product. The novel viral protein, the function of which remains to be elucidated, has an apparent molecular mass of 20 kDa.
Clinical Consensus Statement: Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis (2014)

Expert panel consensus may provide helpful information for the otolaryngologist in the diagnosis and management of PCRS in uncomplicated pediatric patients.
Reports of the AAAI 2012 Conference Workshops (2012)

The AAAI‐12 Workshop program was held Sunday and Monday, July 22–23, 2012, at the Sheraton Centre Toronto Hotel in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The AAAI‐12 workshop program included nine workshops covering a wide range of topics in artificial intelligence. The titles of the workshops were Activity Context Representation: Techniques and Languages, Cognitive Robotics, Grounding Language for Physical Systems, Human Computation, Intelligent Techniques for Web Personalization and Recommendation Systems, Multiagent Pathfinding, Neural‐Symbolic Learning and Reasoning, Problem Solving Using Classical Planners, and Semantic Cities. This article presents short summaries of those events.