gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tomlinson-Harashima Precoded Rate-Splitting for Multiuser MIMO Systems (2018)

In this work, we investigate the performance of Rate-Splitting (RS) based on Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding (THP) in a multiple-antenna broadcast channel with perfect and imperfect Channel State Information at the Transmitter (CSIT). In particular, we consider RS using centralized and decentralized THP structures, where only one user splits its message into a common and private part, and develop expressions to describe the signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) ratio and the sum rates associated with these schemes. Furthermore, we also assess the performance achieved by RS combined with Dirty-Paper Coding (DPC). Simulations show that RS with THP outperforms existing standard THP and RS with linear precoding schemes.
Down-Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor Expression in the Bladder by Antisense Oligonucleotides as New Treatment for Overactive Bladder (2013)

Acetic acid induced bladder overactivity is associated with nerve growth factor over expression in the urothelium and with chemokine up-regulation. Treatment with liposomal antisense suppresses bladder overactivity, and nerve growth factor and chemokine expression. Local suppression of nerve growth factor in the bladder could be an attractive approach for overactive bladder. It would avoid the systemic side effects that may be associated with nonspecific blockade of nerve growth factor expression.
Fiber Lasers for Accelerators and Accelerator Driven Light Sources (2014)

Lasers are an indispensable tool for current XUV and X-ray free electron light sources and are key to future laser driven accelerator technology. We discuss the role of fiber-laser technology in this emerging field.
Broadband absorption enhancement in ultra-thin crystalline silicon solar cells by incorporating low cost aluminum nanoparticles (2013)

In this study nanodisks made from aluminum are incorporated in a back-reflector scheme in order to enhance the maximum achievable current in one-micron thick crystalline silicon solar cells. We perform three-dimensional numerical investigations of the backward scattering properties of aluminum nanodisks located at the back side, and optimize them for enhancing the absorption in the silicon layer. We also compare our results with previously optimized silver nanodisks and show that Al nanodisks are nearly as efficient as Ag counterpart. We show that if the absorption in the metallic back reflector (flat metal layer) can be avoided; this results in a further enhancement in absorption in the ultra-thin silicon layer. The proposed configuration results in a broadband (500nm to 1200nm) enhancement of absorption (~ 58 %) for ultra-thin solar cells and has a great potential in thin film photovoltaic.
Long term isokinetic evaluation of the knee flexor muscles after ACL reconstruction, using gracilis and semitendinosus tendon grafts (2003)

Article without abstract.
Gains in activation energy from quasi Fermi splitting, in selectively doped MQW solar cells (2005)

Illumination of a Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) solar cell, affects the Fermi level position in the gap, directly under the conduction band of the narrow gap layer. In this communication, we explore Fermi level shifting and splitting in these structures. The neutrality condition is examined in terms of (a) availability of carriers (b) carrier confinement (c) escaping carriers (d) doping levels (e) layer width and (f) Fermi level dependence on doping and illumination. We conclude that short circuit currents and open circuit voltage are seriously affected.
Sooting Limits Of Microgravity Spherical Diffusion Flames (2001)

Limiting conditions for soot-particle inception were studied in microgravity spherical diffusion flames burning ethylene at atmospheric pressure. Nitrogen was supplied in the fuel and/or oxidizer to obtain the broadest range of stoichiometric mixture fraction. Both normal flames (oxygen in ambience) and inverted flames (fuel in ambience) were considered. Microgravity was obtained in the NASA Glenn 2.2-second drop tower. The flames were observed with a color video camera and sooting conditions were defined as conditions for which yellow emission was present throughout the duration of the drop. Sooting limit results were successfully correlated in terms of adiabatic flame temperature and stoichiometric mixture fraction. Soot free conditions were favored by increased stoichiometric mixture fractions. No statistically significant effect of convection direction on sooting limits was observed. The relationship between adiabatic flame temperature and stoichiometric mixture fraction at the sooting limits was found to be in qualitative agreement with a simple theory based on the assumption that soot inception can occur only where temperature and local C/O ratio exceed threshold values (circa 1250 K and 1, respectively).
Synthesis of six-membered silaheterocycles by the ring enlargement of 1,1-diphenyl-1-silacyclopent-3-ene (1999)

Silabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 2 obtained from silacyclopent-3-ene 1 by dichlorocarbene addition is useful in the synthesis of ring-expanded products, such as silacyclohexa-2,4-diene 3 and 5-alkoxy-silacyclohex-3-enes 5. Catalytic hydrogenation of compound 3 affords silacyclohexane 4. The new heterocycles are characterized by 13C and 1H NMR, as well as mass spectroscopic data. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 10: 171–175, 1999
Body Area Networking: Technology and Applications (2009)

The six articles in this special issue focus on the technology and applications of body area networking.
160GHz pulsed transmitter with packaged antenna array in 65nm CMOS (2013)

This paper presents a 160GHz center frequency pulsed transmitter for short range radar applications. An array of four transmitters was implemented in a single chip with antennas implemented on the package. Each transmitter can be independently phase shifted, allowing transmit beamforming. The implemented transmitter is capable of producing pulses of 100ps wide (>20GHz RF bandwidth) with 160GHz carrier frequency. The measured effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) is 14.5dBm for continuous wave operation. The entire chip consumes 1.4W from 1.2/1.4V supplies in a 65nm digital CMOS process.
“Axial” Magnetic Levitation Using Ring Magnets Enables Simple Density-Based Analysis, Separation, and Manipulation (2018)

This work describes the development of magnetic levitation (MagLev) using ring magnets and a configuration (which we call "axial MagLev") to remove the physical barriers to physical sampling in the magnetic field present in "standard MagLev" and to simplify the procedures used to carry out density-based analyses, separations, and manipulations. The optimized, linear magnetic field generated between the two ring magnets (coaxially aligned and like-poles facing) enables the levitation of diamagnetic (and weakly paramagnetic, e.g., aluminum) materials in a paramagnetic suspending medium and makes density measurements more straightforward. This "axial" configuration enables (i) simple procedures to add samples and paramagnetic medium from an open end and to retrieve samples while levitating in the magnetic field (e.g., a subpopulation of a cluster of small particles); (ii) simple accesses and the abilities to view the samples 360° around the sample container and from the top and bottom; and (iii) convenient density measurements of small quantities (as small as a single submillimeter particle as demonstrated) of samples. The compact design, portability, affordability, and simplicity in use of the "axial MagLev" device will broaden the uses of magnetic methods in analyzing, separating, and manipulating different types of samples (solids, liquids, powders, pastes, gels, and also biological entities) in areas such as materials sciences, chemistry, and biochemistry.
The yin, the yang, and the Angiopoietin-1 (2011)

Twenty years after the discovery of the vascular endothelial Tie receptor tyrosine kinases and 15 years after the discovery of the Tie2 ligand, angiopoietin-1 (Angpt1, also known as Ang1), a study published in the current issue of the JCI reveals an unexpected loss-of-function phenotype of mice conditionally deleted of the Angpt1 gene. The results suggest that Angpt1 is needed as a vascular stabilizing factor that organizes and limits the angiogenesis response and protects from pathological consequences, such as tissue fibrosis.
Minisci reactions: Versatile CH-functionalizations for medicinal chemists (2011)

The addition of a radical to a heteroaromatic base is commonly referred to as a Minsici reaction. Such reactions constitute a broad-set of selective CH-functionalization processes. This review describes some of the major applications of Minisci reactions and related processes to medicinal or biological chemistry, and highlights some potential developments within this area.
A y-axis SOI-MEMS gyroscope with a zigzag-shaped Z-electrode supported by three-dimensionally-intersected Z-beams (2013)

The present paper describes a novel y-axis SOI-MEMS gyroscope with a zigzag-shaped Z-electrode (ZSZ) for detecting the roll rate. The proposed gyroscope is three-dimensionally (3D) structured by fabricating double-sided bulk silicon layers of an SOI substrate. The ZSZ supported by 3D-intersected Z-beams has a parallel-plate structure for differentially sensing z-directional capacitive changes. As a proof mass, it is electrostatically vibrated by a 200·m-thick bottom-layer drive comb. The fabricated gyroscope was evaluated at 100 Pa. The measured sensitivity was 62.3 aF/(°/s) with a nonlinearity of less than 0.36% for a full scale of 360°/s. The test results demonstrate that the proposed y-axis gyroscope with the structurally differential ZSZ works for detecting the roll rate.
MR-based FoV Extension of Human Attenuation Correction in Whole-Body MR/PET Hybrid Imaging (2012)

In whole-body MR/PET, the human tissue attenuation correction (AC) of PET data can be based on the MR data. However, the MR FoV is limited due to B0inhomogeneities and gradient nonlinearities. Therefore, the human AC map may be truncated and thus the PET reconstruction may be biased. In this work we explored extending the MR-based AC map using a purely MR-based FoV extension. We applied this method to whole-body MR/PET examinations on patients and evaluated the impact on the PET reconstruction. The reported bias was reduced and the PET reconstruction was in good agreement with a PET/CT reference measurement.
Supplementary Figure 1 from STING Ligand c-di-GMP Improves Cancer Vaccination against Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 98K, Figure S1: Various immunization protocols for LM-Mb and c-di-GMP.&lt;/p&gt;
Amino-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (2006)

Recent studies report that, in the absence of heart failure and renal failure, plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has prognostic value for mortality. We sought to confirm and extend these previous studies to assess BNP, measured by 3 distinct assays, as a biomarker for mortality in a strategy to enhance efforts at primary prevention and to better understand the clinical phenotype of such subjects at risk. We used a community-based cohort of 2042 subjects from Olmsted County, Minn, and individuals with heart or renal failure were excluded. BNP was assessed using 3 assays including Biosite and Shionogi for mature, biologically active BNP and the Roche assay for apparently nonbiologically active amino-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP). Thorough echocardiographic and clinical data were recorded for all of the participants. Median follow-up for mortality was 5.6 years. BNP by all 3 of the assays was predictive of mortality. NT-proBNP and Biosite assays remained significant even after adjustment for traditional clinical risk factors and echocardiographic abnormalities including left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Echocardiography documented widespread structural changes in those with increasing BNP levels yet below levels observed in heart failure. We report in a large, well-characterized community-based cohort, free of heart failure, the first study to compare 3 distinct BNP assays as biomarkers for mortality in the same cohort. Our findings confirm the potential use of NT-proBNP and BNP biomarkers for future events and underscore that these peptides may also serve as biomarkers for underlying cardiac remodeling secondary to diverse cardiovascular disease entities.
Controller-induced parasitic torque ripples in a PM synchronous motor (2002)

Permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines with a sinusoidal back electromotive force are ideally capable of torque-ripple-free operation. However, parasitic torque ripples can still be induced from motor design and controller implementation. This paper focuses on a systematic analysis of possible sources of torque ripple in a PM synchronous machine drive resulting from limitations in the motor controller. It takes into account the effects of finite encoder resolution, controller CPU word length, current sensing errors, and inverter pulsewidth-modulation switching. Approaches for analyzing and calculating torque ripple from each of those sources have been developed. Characteristics of the various parasitic torque ripples are discussed. Experimental and simulation data to verify important results are also presented.
Enhanced Priming of Adaptive Immunity by Mycobacterium smegmatis Mutants with High-Level Protein Secretion (2012)

Mycobacteria have features that make them attractive as potential vaccine vectors. The nonpathogenic and rapidly growing Mycobacterium smegmatis can express both Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens and heterologous antigens from other pathogens, and it has been used as a viable vector for the development of live vaccines. In order to further improve antigen-specific immunogenicity of M. smegmatis, we screened a random transposon mutant library for mutants displaying enhanced efficiency of protein secretion ("high secretors") and isolated 61 mutants showing enhanced endogenic and transgenic protein secretion. Sequence analysis identified a total of 54 genes involved in optimal secretion of insert proteins, as well as multiple independent transposon insertions localized within the same genomic loci and operons. The majority of transposon insertions occurred in genes that have no known protein secretion function. These transposon mutants were shown to prime antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell responses better than the parental strain. Specifically, upon introducing the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) gag gene into these transposon mutant strains, we observed that they primed SIV Gag-specific CD8(+) T cell responses significantly better than the control prime immunization in a heterologous prime/boost regimen. Our results reveal a dependence on bacterial secretion of mycobacterial and foreign antigens for the induction of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells in vivo. The data also suggest that these M. smegmatis transposon mutants could be used as novel live attenuated vaccine strains to express foreign antigens, such as those of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and induce strong antigen-specific T cell responses.
A front-end ASIC for miniature 3-D ultrasound probes with in-probe receive digitization (2017)

Data acquisition from 2-D transducer arrays has become one of the main challenges for the development of endoscopic and catheter-based 3-D ultrasound imaging devices. Front-end ASICs with sub-array pre-beamforming have been reported that reduce the cable number by an order of magnitude. Further channel reduction requires digitization in the front-end ASIC to facilitate more in-probe data processing functions. Prior solutions, however, are too large and power-hungry to be integrated in a miniature ultrasound probe. In this work, we present a front-end ASIC with an element-pitch-matched layout that combines sub-array beamforming, digitization and high-speed data transmission. It achieves a 36-fold channel-count reduction and a record power-efficiency with less than 1 mW/element power dissipation in receive.
Posttranslational Modification of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase by S-Nitrosylation and Subsequent NADH Attachment (1996)

Nitric oxide (NO)-related activity has been associated with an NAD+-dependent modification of the glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). However, the mechanism by which NO effects covalent attachment of nucleotide and its role in regulation of enzyme activity are controversial. Recent studies have shown that S-nitrosylation of GAPDH (Cys149) initiates subsequent modification by the pyridinium cofactor. Here we show that NADH rather than NAD+ is the preferred substrate. Transnitrosation from active site S-nitrosothiol to the reduced nicotinamide ring system appears to facilitate protein thiolate attack on the enzyme-bound cofactor. This results in attachment of the intact NADH molecule. Moreover, we find that S-nitrosylation of GAPDH is responsible for reversible enzyme inhibition, whereas attachment of NADH accounts for irreversible enzyme inactivation. S-Nitrosylation may serve to protect GAPDH from oxidant inactivation in settings of cytokine overproduction and to regulate glycolysis. NADH attachment is more likely to be a pathophysiological event associated with inhibition of gluconeogenesis.
Quantification of Incomplete Revascularization and its Association With Five-Year Mortality in the Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) Trial Validation of the Residual SYNTAX Score (2013)

The residual SYNTAX Score was shown to be a powerful indicator of 5-year mortality in the SYNTAX Trial. The residual SYNTAX Score may aid in determining a reasonable level of revascularization.
Falling down the Rabbit Hole: aTRIP Toward Lexiconic Precision in the “Gain-of-Function” Debate (2014)

Alice’s trip through the looking glass and her adventures in Wonderland represent fantastical journeys into an imaginary world where things are never as they seem, people run rapidly to stay in the same place, and eggs talk. A classic and often quoted exchange between Alice and that precocious egg revolves around the usage and definition of words. Humpty Dumpty has a rather egocentric approach to terminology: ‘“When I use a word,” Humpty Dumpty said, in rather a scornful tone, “it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less.”’ On hearing this, Alice was “too much puzzled to say anything” (1). Needless to say, in our day-to-day interactions, Humpty Dumpty’s approach to dialog is not a viable option. Unlike him, we do not sit isolated and alone on top of a wall. Rather, we inhabit a world where communication is rapid and clarity is critical. Lack of precision leads to misunderstandings which can be rapidly amplified in retweets, likes, and shares. Before you know it, scientists, governments, the media, and the public are like Alice, simply puzzled.

At the 2014 National Science Advisory Board in Biosafety (NSABB) meeting in Washington (http://osp.od.nih.gov/office-biotechnology-activities/event/2014-10-22-121500-2014-10-22-200000/nsabb-meeting), it was clear from the outset that terminology matters. Canvassing the opinions of microbiologists before that meeting made it apparent that they are uncharacteristically united in their dislike of the term “gain of function” (GOF). This is understandable and hardly surprising since it is not a term that they typically use. What is probably more interesting is that even though the consensus of opinion is that this terminology is getting in the way and that moving away from a phrase which has been hijacked to describe a small set of influenza virus experiments would be useful, how to address this problem is much less obvious, especially since …
An effective combination catalyst of CeO2 and zeolite for the direct synthesis of diethyl carbonate from CO2 and ethanol with 2,2-diethoxypropane as a dehydrating agent (2020)

The combination of CeO<sub>2</sub> and H-FAU zeolite acted as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the direct synthesis of diethyl carbonate from CO<sub>2</sub> and ethanol with 2,2-diethoxypropane as a dehydrating agent.
A Complete Network-On-Chip Emulation Framework (2005)

Current systems-on-chip (SoC) execute applications that demand extensive parallel processing. Networks-on-chip (NoC) provide a structured way of realizing interconnections on silicon, and obviate the limitations of bus-based solutions. NoC can have regular or ad hoc topologies, and functional validation is essential to assess their correctness and performance. In this paper, we present a flexible emulation environment implemented on an FPGA that is suitable to explore, evaluate and compare a wide range of NoC solutions with a very limited effort. Our experimental results show a speed-up of four orders of magnitude with respect to cycle-accurate HDL simulation, while retaining cycle accuracy. With our emulation framework, designers can explore and optimize a various range of solutions, as well as characterize quickly performance figures.
Slack Allocation and Routing to Improve FPGA Timing While Repairing Short-Path Violations (2008)

This work presents the first published algorithm to simultaneously optimize both short-and long-path timing constraints in a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA): the Routing Cost Valleys (RCV) algorithm.RCV consists of two components: a new slack allocation algorithm that determines both a minimum and a maximum delay budget for each circuit connection, and a new router that strives to meet and, if possible, surpass these connection delay constraints.RCV improves both long-path and short-path timing slack significantly versus an earlier Computer-Aided Design (CAD) system, showing the importance of an integrated approach that simultaneously optimizes both types of timing constraints.It is able to meet longpath and short-path timing on all 157 Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) cores tested, while an earlier algorithm failed to achieve timing on 75% of the cores.Even in cases where there are no short-path timing constraints, RCV outperforms a stateof-the-art FPGA router and improves the maximum clock speed of circuits by an average of 3.2% (and up to 24.7%).
Brain Neoplasms in Women: A Review (2002)

Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California Correspondence: Ron Swensen, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Room 3401, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354. E-mail: [email protected]
Recent progress in manipulation of photons by photonic crystals &#x2014; Thermal emission control for sensors &amp; energy harvesting (2012)

Converting a broad-band into a narrow-band thermal emission spectrum with minimal loss of energy is important for efficient environmental sensors and biosensors as well as thermo-photovoltaic power generation systems for energy harvesting. Here I will discuss such thermal emission control by manipulating photonic modes with photonic crystals and material absorption with quantum-well intersubband transitions. We show that the emission peak intensity for our device can be more than 4 times greater than that of a blackbody sample under the same input power and thermal management conditions, where the emission bandwidth and angular spread have been narrowed by 30 and 8 times, respectively. These results indicate that the energy saved by thermal emission control can be recycled and concentrated to enhance the narrow peak emission intensity. In the presentation, I will also describe other recent progresses in photonic crystals including high-Q nanocavity-based new phenomena, on-demand 3D optical guiding, etc.