gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-temperature, spectrally-selective, scalable, and flexible thin-film Si absorber and emitter (2019)

Solar thermal technologies have great potential to provide low-cost storage for solar energy. However, their efficiencies are limited by a lack of scalable, mechanically flexible, durable, yet highly-efficient spectrally-selective solar absorbers suitable for high temperatures at low solar concentrations. Here, we overcome these challenges by fabricating a scalable free-standing spectrally-selective thin-film Si absorber and emitter (SSTFS) composite. Its high-temperature emittance shows strong spectral selectivity, even at 595 °C. Thermal stability is proven by measuring optical properties before and after thermal cycling equivalent to one day of concentrated sunlight. Despite the use of crystalline Si, the fabricated SSTFS composite exhibits exceptional mechanical flexibility to cover most surface geometries. The SSTFS composite demonstrates the potential of high-temperature, efficient and flexible solar absorbers and thermal emitters to advance renewable solar energy with storage.
Discrete-dipole approximation model for control and optimization of a holographic metamaterial antenna (2014)

Since the discovery of materials with negative refractive index, widely known as metamaterials, it has been possible to develop new devices that utilize a metamaterial's ability to control the path of electromagnetic energy. Of particular promise, and already under intensive development for commercial applications, are metamaterial antennas for satellite communications. Using reconfigurable metamaterials in conjunction with the principles of holography, these new antennas can electronically steer the high gain antenna beam required for broadband communications while not having any moving parts, being thinner, lighter weight, and less expensive, and requiring less power to operate than conventional alternatives. Yet, the promise of these devices will not be realized without efficient and effective control and optimization. Toward this end, in this paper a discrete-dipole approximation (DDA) model of a waveguide-fed planar metamaterial antenna is derived. The proposed model is demonstrated to accurately predict the radiation of a two-dimensional metamaterial at a much reduced computational cost to full-wave simulation and at much greater fidelity than simpler models typically used in the field. The predictive capabilities of the derived DDA model opens possibilities for model-based control design for optimal beam steering.
Hand-held 3D sensor for documentation of fossil and archaeological excavations (2011)

A mobile hand held battery powered sensor based on fringe projection technique for preservation of fossil traces and archaeological excavations was developed. It consists of a projector and two cameras and covers a measuring field of about 240 mm x 175 mm x 160 mm. The core time for data acquisition is 0.34 s and the final result of a 3D point cloud is obtained in less than five seconds. Errors due to movements of the sensor are detected and can be swept out. The sensor allows the capturing of 3D data of the observed surface together with colour information. It was successfully applied at fossil find of traces of a dinosaur at rock layers from Triassic. 3D reconstruction of a part of the excavation was realized including the determination of the depth of traces.
From a calculus to an execution environment for stream processing (2012)

At one level, this paper is about River, a virtual execution environment for stream processing. Stream processing is a paradigm well-suited for many modern data processing systems that ingest high-volume data streams from the real world, such as audio/video streaming, high-frequency trading, and security monitoring. One attractive property of stream processing is that it lends itself to parallelization on multicores, and even to distribution on clusters when extreme scale is required. Stream processing has been co-evolved by several communities, leading to diverse languages with similar core concepts. Providing a common execution environment reduces language development effort and increases portability. We designed River as a practical realization of Brooklet, a calculus for stream processing. So at another level, this paper is about a journey from theory (the calculus) to practice (the execution environment). The challenge is that, by definition, a calculus abstracts away all but the most central concepts. Hence, there are several research questions in concretizing the missing parts, not to mention a significant engineering effort in implementing them. But the effort is well worth it, because using a calculus as a foundation yields clear semantics and proven correctness results.
SEROLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG HUMAN MYCOPLASMAS AS SHOWN BY COMPLEMENT-FIXATION AND GEL DIFFUSION (1963)

Taylor-Robinson, David (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.), Norman L. Somerson, Horace C. Turner, and Robert M. Chanock. Serological relationships among human mycoplasmas as shown by complement-fixation and gel diffusion. J. Bacteriol. 85:1261-1273. 1963.-Antigenic relationships among human mycoplasmas were studied by complement-fixation and agar gel diffusion techniques. Four recognized human species Mycoplasma hominis type 1, M. hominis type 2, M. salivarium, and M. fermentans were antigenically distinct in these tests. In addition, M. pneumoniae (Eaton agent, the etiological agent of cold agglutinin-positive atypical pneumonia) was different from these four species. Although these species were distinct, evidence of shared antigenic components was obtained in complement-fixation and agar gel diffusion tests. Since rabbits were immunized with mycoplasmas grown in rabbit muscle infusion broth supplemented with rabbit serum or, in the case of M. pneumoniae, with infected chick embryo lung suspension, the possibility that the heterologous reactions resulted from antibody to growth medium components could be excluded. Four recent mycoplasma isolates from the oropharynx were analyzed, and three were shown to be closely related to M. hominis type 1, and the fourth was closely related to M. salivarium. Although the recent isolates could not be distinguished from the related "prototype" human species by complement-fixation, differences could be detected by the agar gel diffusion technique.
259 DNA HYPOMETHYLATION OF FETAL FIBROBLASTS IMPROVES DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCY AND GENE EXPRESSION PATTERN IN PORCINE EMBRYOS FOLLOWING NUCLEAR TRANSFER (2006)

The inhibition of methyl groups in the DNA of donor cells has been hypothesized to improve the potential reprogramming by the enucleated ooplasm after nuclear transfer (NT). Previously, we reported that treatment of porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFF) with an inhibitor of methylation, 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) at 0.5 µm, results in the retention of desirable characteristics with a relative reduction in methylation, making cells more conducive for reprogramming (Mohana Kumar et al . 2006 Cell Tissue Res. 325, 445-454). To understand these observations further, the present study investigated the developmental competence and expression pattern of gene transcripts in porcine NT embryos from PFF (control) and 0.5 µm 5-azaC-treated PFF (PFF + 5-azaC) at 4-cell, 8-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages, and compared these with those of IVF and in vivo embryos. Cleavage rate was significantly ( P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher in IVF than in NT embryos from PFF and PFF + 5-azaC (86.7 ± 5.2% vs. 65.8 ± 5.3% and 69.3 ± 4.4%, respectively). Similarly, significantly ( P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher blastocyst rates were observed in IVF embryos (27.2 ± 2.1%). However, NT embryos from PFF + 5-azaC showed enhanced developmental potential with significantly ( P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher rates of blastocysts (21.3 ± 2.2%) than NT embryos from PFF (14.8 ± 1.9%). NT embryos from PFF + 5-azaC (33.8 ± 4.1) had significantly ( P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher total cell numbers than from PFF (24.6 ± 3.5), but did not differ in the proportion of apoptotic cells (6.9 ± 1.8% and 7.2 ± 2.1%, respectively). However, the high total cell number and lower incidence of apoptosis were observed in IVF and in vivo embryos (45.3 ± 3.8, 2.7 ± 0.8%, and 53.9 ± 3.5, 1.2 ± 0.9%, respectively). Alterations in the expression pattern of genes implicated in transcription and pluripotency (Oct4 and Stat3), DNA methylation (DNA methyltransferases: Dnmt1, Dnmt2, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b), histone acetylation (histone acetyltransferase 1-HAT1), and histone deacetylation (histone deacetylases-Hdac1, Hdac2, and Hdac3) were observed in NT embryos from PFF and PFF + 5-azaC compared with that in IVF and in vivo counterparts. However, the expression of genes in PFF + 5-azaC-NT embryos closely followed those of in vivo -derived embryos compared with PFF-NT embryos, and, interestingly, there was lower variability in the expression of genes related to DNA methylation. Our findings demonstrate that remodeling of the epigenetic status by partial reduction of somatic DNA methylation from donor cells is beneficial in improving the developmental competency of porcine NT embryos. Further, hypomethylated donors may be more efficiently reprogrammed to re-activate the expression of early embryonic genes. This work was supported by Grant No. R05-2004-000-10702-0 from KOSEF, Republic of Korea .
Process Challenges During CVD Oxide Deposition on the Backside of $20-\mu m$ Thin 300-mm Wafers Temporarily Bonded to Glass Carriers (2023)

A temporary carrier system is evaluated during several backside processing steps on ultra-thin wafers, down to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$20\ \mu\mathrm{m}$</tex>, with the main focus centered on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) oxides. Such wafers hold the risk of deformation and even delamination during the deposition step. A step-by-step investigation reveals the deformation/delamination mechanism to be highly dependent on the oxide deposition conditions rather than the deposition temperatures. Controlling the stress in the oxide layer enables both high temperature and low temperature oxides to be successfully deposited on the backside of ultra-thin wafers. The experimental results are corroborated with finite element simulations.
Spine morphogenesis in newborn granule cells is differentially regulated in the outer and middle molecular layers (2015)

The Authors omitted to acknowledge one of the NIH grants namely MH090258. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Volume 522, Issue 12, pages 2756–2766, 15 August 2015, DOI 10.1002/cne.23581 We apologize for the error.
Functional Imaging in Freely Moving Rats (2006)

We have developed an integrated DOT-EEG and behavioral recording system that provides, through a tethered head stage, concurrent recording in freely moving rats. Results show that EEG-gated signals (theta, LIA) have spatially distinct hemodynamic responses.
Primary structure of the site on bovine hormone‐sensitive lipase phosphorylated by cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase (1988)

The primary structure of a region on hormone-sensitive lipase was determined to be: Lys-Thr-Glu-Pro-Met-Arg-Arg-Ser- Val-Ser-Glu-Ala-Ala-Leu-Thr-Gln-Pro-Glu-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Thr-Asp-Ser-Leu-Lys. Ser-8 was the only residue in the intact protein phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. However, Ser-10 also appeared to be present in a phosphorylated form, suggesting that it is a target for a distinct protein kinase in vivo.
Surgical Exposure of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine (2000)

Learning Objectives: After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the indications, techniques, and potential complications of the posterior laminectomy approach. 2. Recall the indications, techniques, and potential complications of the transpedicular approach. 3. Describe the indications, techniques, and potential complications of costotransversectomy. 4. Recall the indications, techniques, and potential complications of the lateral extracavitary approach.
Desarrollo y prueba de TraumaGameplay: Un abordaje experimental iterativo utilizando el paradigma de la película sobre el trauma (2018)

Background: Vivid trauma-related intrusions are a hallmark symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and may be involved in its onset. Effective interventions to reduce intrusions and to potentially prevent the onset of subsequent PTSD are scarce. Studies suggest that playing the videogame Tetris, shortly after watching aversive film clips, reduces subsequent intrusions. Other studies have shown that taxing working memory (WM) while retrieving an emotional memory reduces the memory’s vividness and emotionality. Objective: We developed TraumaGameplay (TGP), a gaming app designed to reduce intrusions. This paper describes two successive experiments to determine whether playing TGP without memory retrieval (regular TGP) or TGP with memory retrieval (dual-task TGP) reduces intrusion frequency at one week compared to a no-game control. Method: For both experiments, healthy university students were recruited. Experiment 1: 92 participants were exposed to a trauma film and randomized to (1) regular TGP1 (n = 31), (2) dual-task TGP1 (n = 31) or (3) control (n = 30). In experiment 2, 120 healthy students were exposed to a trauma film and randomized to (1) regular TGP2 (n = 30), (2) dual-task TGP2 (n = 29), (3) recall only (n = 31) or (4) control (n = 30). Results: We found no significant difference between conditions on the number of intrusions for either playing regular TGP or dual-task TGP in both experiment 1 and experiment 2. Conclusion: Our results could not replicate earlier promising findings from preceding experimental research. Several reasons may underpin this difference ranging from the visuospatial videogame used in our experiments to the method of the experiment to the difficulties of replicability in general.
Growth of Micrococcus lysodeikticus as Substrate for Lysozyme. (1956)

(1) A broth consisting of 1% Bacto-peptone and 0.5% NaCl at pH 7.5 is recommended for growth of M. lysodeikticus as substrate for lysozyme. (2) Cells grown and prepared by the recommended procedure were more susceptible to lysozyme than cells produced by other methods. (3) The rate of lysis of cells of M. lysodeikticus was affected by the concentration of NaCl used in the culture medium.
Fighting an enemy within: cytoplasmic inhibitors of bacterial cysteine proteases (2005)

The genes encoding secreted, broad-spectrum activity cysteine proteases of Staphylococcus spp. (staphopains) and Streptococcus pyogenes (streptopain, SpeB) are genetically linked to genes encoding cytoplasmic inhibitors. While staphopain inhibitors have lipocalin-like folds, streptopain is inhibited by a protein bearing the scaffold of the enzyme profragment. Bioinformatic analysis of other prokaryotic genomes has revealed that two more species may utilize this same genetic arrangement to control streptopain-like proteases with lipocalin-like inhibitors, while three other species may employ a C-terminally located domain that resembles the profragment. This apparently represents a novel system that bacteria use to control the intracellular activity of their proteases.
A soft, bistable valve for autonomous control of soft actuators (2018)

Almost all pneumatic and hydraulic actuators useful for mesoscale functions rely on hard valves for control. This article describes a soft, elastomeric valve that contains a bistable membrane, which acts as a mechanical "switch" to control air flow. A structural instability-often called "snap-through"-enables rapid transition between two stable states of the membrane. The snap-upward pressure, Δ<i>P</i> <sub>1</sub> (kilopascals), of the membrane differs from the snap-downward pressure, Δ<i>P</i> <sub>2</sub> (kilopascals). The values Δ<i>P</i> <sub>1</sub> and Δ<i>P</i> <sub>2</sub> can be designed by changing the geometry and the material of the membrane. The valve does not require power to remain in either "open" or "closed" states (although switching does require energy), can be designed to be bistable, and can remain in either state without further applied pressure. When integrated in a feedback pneumatic circuit, the valve functions as a pneumatic oscillator (between the pressures Δ<i>P</i> <sub>1</sub> and Δ<i>P</i> <sub>2</sub>), generating periodic motion using air from a single source of constant pressure. The valve, as a component of pneumatic circuits, enables (i) a gripper to grasp a ball autonomously and (ii) autonomous earthworm-like locomotion using an air source of constant pressure. These valves are fabricated using straightforward molding and offer a way of integrating simple control and logic functions directly into soft actuators and robots.
Wheat doubled haploids have a marked prevalence of chromosomal aberrations (2022)

Doubled haploid (DH) lines developed by two wheat breeding programs (Kansas State University and the University of Saskatchewan) were evaluated to determine the extent of chromosomal aberrations induced during the DH development process. This study utilized the digital karyotyping method, based on sequencing depth and read mapping, to identify chromosomal aberration in individual wheat plants. The supplementary materials generated from this study are available here.
Generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes from thymocyte precursors to trinitrophenyl-modified self antigens. II. Establishment of a T cell hybrid clone constitutively producing killer-helper factor(s) (KHF) and functional analysis of released KHF. (1986)

T cell hybridoma lines were constructed by fusion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-primed and boosted BALB/c T cells with the AKR-derived T lymphoma cell line BW5147. Certain of the hybridomas prepared in this manner secreted constitutively into their culture supernatants biologically active molecules that displayed precursors of cytotoxic T cell activating properties characteristic of killer-helper factor (KHF). Cell surface analysis revealed that the hybridomas were indeed somatic cell hybrids between the two respective partner cells used for fusion. KHF properties of these hybridoma supernatants were verified by their capacity to stimulate peanut agglutinin-binding (PNA+) C3H/He thymocytes to respond in vitro to 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl(TNP)-modified syngeneic stimulator cells in conjunction with suboptimal doses (10 U/ml) of interleukin 2 (IL 2) for the generation of H-2-restricted, TNP-reactive cytotoxic T cells. The biologically active molecules secreted by a T cell hybrid clone (2Y4) were, like conventional KHF, distinct from IL 1, IL 2, or immune interferon (IFN-gamma). The partially purified KHF derived from 2Y4 cells shows activity at apparent m.w. range of 34,000 to 60,000 on gel permeation, and is relatively homogeneous with respect to isoelectric point, which was approximately 4.5 to 4.7. The partially purified 2Y4-KHF is able to augment proliferation of as well as the expression of IL 2 receptors on PNA+ thymocytes in conjunction with IL 2. Finally, addition of 2Y4-KHF on day 0, followed by the addition of IL 2 on day 2 for 7 days of culture was effective in generating potent CTL responses, whereas addition of IL 2 on day 0, followed by the addition of 2Y4-KHF on day 2 to the culture was ineffective.
Validation of a new multiscale finite element analysis approach at the distal radius (2017)

High-resolution peripheral computed tomography is commonly used to evaluate mechanical behavior of the distal radius microstructure using micro-finite element (FE) modeling. However, only a 9mm section is considered and boundary conditions (BCs) are usually simplified (platen-compression), and may not represent physiologic loading. Regardless, these methods are increasingly being used for clinical evaluations. Our goal was to develop and validate a novel multiscale solution that allows for physiologically relevant loading simulations (such as bracing during a fall), and show that mechanical behavior in the distal radius is different under platen BCs. Our approach incorporated bone microstructure together with organ-level radius geometry, by replacing matching continuum regions with micro-FE sections in user-defined regions of interest. Multiscale model predicted strains showed a strong correlation and a significant relationship with measured strains (r=0.836, p<0.001; slope=0.881, intercept=-12.17 µε, p<0.001). Interestingly, platen BC simulated strains were almost 50% lower than measured strains (r=0.835, p<0.001), and strain distributions were clearly different. Our multiscale method demonstrated excellent potential as a computationally efficient alternative for observing true mechanical environment within distal radius microstructure under physiologically accurate loading.
3D cone-beam CT reconstruction for circular trajectories (1999)

3D reconstruction from 2D projections obtained along a single circular source trajectory is most commonly done using an algorithm due to Feldkamp, Davis and Kress. In this paper we propose an alternative approach based on a cone-beam to parallel-beam rebinning step, a corresponding rebinning step into a rectangular virtual detector plane and a filtered backprojection. This approach yields an improved image quality reflected by a decreased low-intensity drop which is well known for 3D reconstruction from projection data obtained along circular trajectories. At the same time the computational complexity is lower than in Feldkamp's original approach.
Web crawling and indexes (2008)

Class-tested and coherent, this textbook teaches classical and web information retrieval, including web search and the related areas of text classification and text clustering from basic concepts. It gives an up-to-date treatment of all aspects of the design and implementation of systems for gathering, indexing, and searching documents; methods for evaluating systems; and an introduction to the use of machine learning methods on text collections. All the important ideas are explained using examples and figures, making it perfect for introductory courses in information retrieval for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in computer science. Based on feedback from extensive classroom experience, the book has been carefully structured in order to make teaching more natural and effective. Slides and additional exercises (with solutions for lecturers) are also available through the book's supporting website to help course instructors prepare their lectures.
TMIC-24. ASTROCYTE-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT OF GLIOBLASTOMA GROWTH AS A CANDIDATE THERAPEUTIC TARGET (2017)

Glioblastoma multiforme is a deadly disease with a need for deeper understanding and new therapeutic approaches. The tumor microenvironment is part and parcel of cancer biology. The astrocytes and other cell types of the tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma have been suggested to guide glioblastoma progression. In this study, astrocytes were investigated with regard to their effect on glioblastoma proliferation through in vitro approaches and in an in vivo model. Our results show that the astrocytes enhance glioblastoma cell growth in commercially available cell lines and a primary culture. Furthermore, orthotopic co-injection of astrocytes and glioblastoma cells reduces survival in NOD/scid mice compared to glioblastoma cell mono-injection. Gene expression profiling revealed about 400 genes in the astrocytes that are regulated by co-culture with glioblastoma cells. A high-throughput screening has been designed to identify drugs capable of interfering with the GBM-HA crosstalk. Out of 1200 compounds, 12 have been validated as specifically acting on GBM growth in co-culture. Two of them have been selected for further studies, having shown reproducibility on other GBM cultures. In conclusion, this study suggests that astrocytes contribute to growth of glioblastoma and imply this crosstalk as a candidate target for novel therapies.