gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical value of carbon nanoparticles in prophylatic central compartment lymph node dissection in treatment of cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma (2018)

Objective
To investigate the clinical significance of the carbon nanoparticles (CN) in prophylactic central compartment lymph node dissection (PCCND) in treatment of clinically node-negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma.


Methods
A total of 102 cN0 patients in our department from Dec. 2016 to Jun. 2017 were enrolled in our study and randomly allocated to the control group (n=51) and the CN group (n=51) . All the patients have received (near) total unilateral lobectomy or bilateral thyroidectomy plus the affected side PCCND. The baseline characteristics, lymph node-related indices (including number of total dissected lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes at central area) and postoperative complication indices were collected and compared between the 2 groups.


Results
The differences of baseline characteristics between CN group and the control group were not significant (all P>0.05) . The total number of dissected lymph nodes was 573 in CN group and 334 in the control group. The average lymph nodes in each patient was 11.2±5.46 in CN group, which was higher than 6.5±4.3 of the control group (P<0.001) . The average count of positive lymph nodes was higher in CN group than in the control group (2.0±3.3 vs 0.8±1.5) (P<0.05) . Transient hypocalcaemia happened to 2 patients in CN group and 9 patients in the control group (P=0.025) .


Conclusions
CN can increase the number of lymph nodes in central neck dissection and the rate of metastatic lymph nodes resection. It can decrease the risk of transient parathyroid injury. CN is clinically valuable in treatment of cN0 papillary thyroid cancer undergoing PCCND.


Key words: 
Carbon nanoparticles; Papillary thyroid carcinoma; Lymphatic tracer; Lymph node dissection
The Molecular Logic of Presynaptic Facilitation and Inhibition (1987)

A striking feature of the organization of the brain is that some synaptic potentials — the signals whereby one cell communicates with another — are fast, lasting only milliseconds, whereas others are slow, lasting many seconds or even many minutes. One of the insights of the last several years is the realization, based on studies of the heart and of molluscan neurons, that the two types of synaptic interactions involve two different molecular mechanisms and serve two different behavioral consequences (fig. 1).KeywordsMotor NeuronTransmitter ReleasePresynaptic InhibitionChannel ClosureAbdominal GanglionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Trialkylsulfonium dicyanamides - a new family of ionic liquids with very low viscosities (2005)

Trialkylsulfonium dicyanamides show surprisingly low viscosities down to -20 degrees C and are therefore highly interesting liquid materials for separation processes and electrolyte applications at low temperatures.
Targeted learning in real‐world comparative effectiveness research with time‐varying interventions (2014)

In comparative effectiveness research (CER), often the aim is to contrast survival outcomes between exposure groups defined by time-varying interventions. With observational data, standard regression analyses (e.g., Cox modeling) cannot account for time-dependent confounders on causal pathways between exposures and outcome nor for time-dependent selection bias that may arise from informative right censoring. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) estimation to fit marginal structural models (MSMs) has commonly been applied to properly adjust for these expected sources of bias in real-world observational studies. We describe the application and performance of an alternate estimation approach in such a study. The approach is based on the recently proposed targeted learning methodology and consists in targeted minimum loss-based estimation (TMLE) with super learning (SL) within a nonparametric MSM. The evaluation is based on the analysis of electronic health record data with both IPW estimation and TMLE to contrast cumulative risks under four more or less aggressive strategies for treatment intensification in adults with type 2 diabetes already on 2+ oral agents or basal insulin. Results from randomized experiments provide a surrogate gold standard to validate confounding and selection bias adjustment. Bootstrapping is used to validate analytic estimation of standard errors. This application does the following: (1) establishes the feasibility of TMLE in real-world CER based on large healthcare databases; (2) provides evidence of proper confounding and selection bias adjustment with TMLE and SL; and (3) motivates their application for improving estimation efficiency. Claims are reinforced with a simulation study that also illustrates the double-robustness property of TMLE.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) (2010)

Transcatheter aortic valve therapies are the newest established techniques for the treatment of high risk patients affected by severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis. The transapical approach requires a left anterolateral mini-thoracotomy, whereas the transfemoral method requires an adequate peripheral vascular access and can be performed fully percutaneously. Alternatively, the trans-subclavian access has been recently proposed as a third promising approach. Depending on the technique, the fine stent-valve positioning can be performed with or without contrast injections. The transapical echo-guided stent-valve implantation without angiography (the Lausanne technique) relies entirely on transoesophageal echocardiogramme imaging for the fine stent-valve positioning and it has been proved that this technique prevents the onset of postoperative contrast-related acute kidney failure. Recent published reports have shown good hospital outcomes and short-term results after transcatheter aortic valve implantation, but there are no proven advantages in using the transfemoral or the transapical technique. In particular, the transapical series have a higher mean logistic Euroscore of 27-35%, a procedural success rate above 95% and a mean 30-day mortality between 7.5 and 17.5%, whereas the transfemoral results show a lower logistic Euroscore of 23-25.5%, a procedural success rate above 90% and a 30-day mortality of 7-10.8%. Nevertheless, further clinical trials and long-term results are mandatory to confirm this positive trend. Future perspectives in transcatheter aortic valve therapies would be the development of intravascular devices for the ablation of the diseased valve leaflets and the launch of new stent-valves with improved haemodynamic, different sizes and smaller delivery systems.
Immunologic synergy between intermittent NSAID administration and antigen specific vaccination in inhibiting the development of intestinal polyps in the APC(Min/+) (2018)

Abstract Introduction Studies from our group have shown that administration of NSAIDs in mouse models of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis results in a decrease in polyp formation and a significant increase in CD8 tumor infiltrating lymphocytes with downregulation of PD-L1 expression in tumors. We questioned whether a short course of NSAID could be used in combination with vaccination to even further reduce the development of intestinal polyps. Methods At 4–6 weeks of age, APC(Min/+) male/female mice were given CFA/IFA adjuvant with or without a multi-antigen (EGFR, COX2, CDC25B) peptide vaccine. Upon start of vaccinations, normal food or 400ppm naproxen mixed with food was provided either continuously (CON; 18w on) or intermittently (INT; 3w on + 3w off for 3 cycles). Animals were euthanized at 22±1 weeks and tumors quantified. Systemic and tissue specific immunity was measured by ELISPOT, FACS, and direct tumor staining. Results Tumor development was significantly inhibited both by vaccine alone and naproxen alone (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Combining naproxen (INT or CON) with vaccine was additive compared to vaccine alone (p&amp;lt;0.0001) and naproxen alone (INT+Vaccine p&amp;lt;0.0007; CON+Vaccine p&amp;lt;0.0003). INT naproxen was as effective as CON, with or without vaccine (p&amp;gt;0.999). Mice with greater tumor inhibition demonstrated higher magnitude antigen specific T-cell responses (p=0.0441, r=−0.423) and CD8+ T-cell infiltration (p&amp;lt;0.0001, r=−0.506) than those with less protection. Conclusions Data demonstrates that short-term administration of NSAIDs may be as effective as the more toxic long-duration alternative. Further, a short course of NSAID significantly synergizes with antigen specific vaccination to inhibit the development of polyps.
Boost Online Virtual Network Embedding: Using Neural Networks for Admission Control (2016)

The allocation of physical resources to virtual networks, i.e., the virtual network embedding (VNE), is still an on-going research field due to its problem complexity. While many solutions for the online VNE problem exist, only few have focused on methods that can be generally applied for optimization of online embeddings. In this paper, we propose an admission control based on a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to improve the overall system performance for the online VNE problem. Before running a VNE algorithm to embed a virtual network request, the RNN predicts whether the request will be accepted by the VNE algorithm based on the current state of the substrate and the virtual network request (VNR). The RNN prevents VNE algorithms from spending time on VNRs that are either infeasible or that cannot be embedded in acceptable time. In order to train and operate the RNN efficiently, we additionally propose new representations for substrate networks and virtual network requests. The representations are based on topological and network resource features to represent the substrate network and the VNRs with low computational complexity. Via simulations, we show that our admission control reduces the overall computational time for the online VNE problem by up to 91 % while preserving VNE performance on average. Using our new substrate and request representations, the RNN achieves an accuracy ranging between 89 % and 98 % for different VNE algorithms, substrate sizes, and VNR arrival rates.
SK2 Channels Associate With mGlu1α Receptors and CaV2.1 Channels in Purkinje Cells (2018)

The small-conductance, Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated K<sup>+</sup> (SK) channel subtype SK2 regulates the spike rate and firing frequency, as well as Ca<sup>2+</sup> transients in Purkinje cells (PCs). To understand the molecular basis by which SK2 channels mediate these functions, we analyzed the exact location and densities of SK2 channels along the neuronal surface of the mouse cerebellar PCs using SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling (SDS-FRL) of high sensitivity combined with quantitative analyses. Immunogold particles for SK2 were observed on post- and pre-synaptic compartments showing both scattered and clustered distribution patterns. We found an axo-somato-dendritic gradient of the SK2 particle density increasing 12-fold from soma to dendritic spines. Using two different immunogold approaches, we also found that SK2 immunoparticles were frequently adjacent to, but never overlap with, the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses in PC spines. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that SK2 channels form macromolecular complexes with two types of proteins that mobilize Ca<sup>2+</sup>: Ca<sub>V</sub>2.1 channels and mGlu<sub>1α</sub> receptors in the cerebellum. Freeze-fracture replica double-labeling showed significant co-clustering of particles for SK2 with those for Ca<sub>V</sub>2.1 channels and mGlu<sub>1α</sub> receptors. SK2 channels were also detected at presynaptic sites, mostly at the presynaptic active zone (AZ), where they are close to Ca<sub>V</sub>2.1 channels, though they are not significantly co-clustered. These data demonstrate that SK2 channels located in different neuronal compartments can associate with distinct proteins mobilizing Ca<sup>2+</sup>, and suggest that the ultrastructural association of SK2 with Ca<sub>V</sub>2.1 and mGlu<sub>1α</sub> provides the mechanism that ensures voltage (excitability) regulation by distinct intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> transients in PCs.
FET arrays as CPI sensors for 3D stacking and packaging characterization (2012)

FET arrays are investigated from the viewpoint of Chip-Package Interaction (CPI) sensor suitability and presented as a possible solution for experimental characterization of CPI effects during 3D assembly steps: Stacking and packaging. The study presents a methodology consisting of an experimental approach with the support of FEM modeling. The use of the transistors as stress sensors covering in-plane stress components is justified, after which the applicability of the transistors to the actual stacking and packaging stress states is discussed. Calibration to in-plane stress of long and short channel transistors, p and n type, is performed to obtain sensor sensitivities and link stress to current shift by according calculated piezocoefficients. Testing the FET arrays as sensors is firstly done by means of a simple structure where a die is glued to a plastic substrate. The electrical measurements are compared to FEM models and profilometric scans. The sensors are next utilized to obtain first results from 3D stacking and packaging. The underfill - microbump mechanism in a 2-die stack is quantified and initial results on overmould impact are discussed.
Dynamic Walk of a Biped (1984)

The authors have developed five kinds of biped locomotive robots so far. They are named BIPER-1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. All of them are statically unstable but can perform a dynamically stable walk with suitable control. BIPER-1 and BIPER-2 walk only sideways. BIPER-3 is a stilt-type robot whose foot contacts occur at a point and who can walk sideways, back ward, and forward. BIPER-4's legs have the same degrees of freedom as human legs. BIPER-5 is similar to BIPER-3, but in the case of BIPER-5 all apparatus, such as the computer, are mounted on it. This paper deals with the control theory used for BIPER-3 and BIPER-4. In both cases, basically the same control method is applied. The most important point is that the mo tion of either robot during the single-leg support phase can be approximated by the motion of an inverted pendulum. Ac cordingly, in this paper, dynamic walk is considered to be a series of inverted-pendulum motions with appropriate condi tions of connection.
Search for small molecule activators of latent HIV (2012)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Follicular Neoplasms of the Thyroid in Men Older Than 50 Years of Age: A DNA Flow Cytometric Study (1990)

The clinical behavior of follicular neoplasms of the thyroid in elderly men can be difficult to predict on histologic grounds alone. To assess the usefulness of DNA flow cytometry in predicting the metastatic potential of these tumors, the authors studied 44 primary and metastatic follicular neoplasms of the thyroid by DNA flow cytometry of paraffin-embedded tissue. The neoplasms were obtained from 44 men ranging in age from 50 to 79 years (mean, 60). There were 29 follicular adenomas, 11 primary follicular carcinomas (neoplasms with capsular and/or vascular invasion), and 4 metastatic follicular carcinomas. Follow-up information was available on 40 of the 44 patients. The mean follow-up was 114 months. Twenty-five of the 29 follicular adenomas had a diploid DNA content, 2 (7%) were tetraploid, and the DNA histograms on 2 were not interpretable. All patients with follicular adenomas had no evidence of disease (NED) at last follow-up. Eight of the 11 primary follicular carcinomas were diploid. Six of these patients had NED, one died with carcinoma at 82 months, and no follow-up was available on one. Three (27%) of the primary follicular carcinomas were aneuploid or tetraploid. Two of these patients had NED, and the third died with carcinoma 84 months after diagnosis. Two of the four metastatic follicular carcinomas were diploid and two (50%) were aneuploid or tetraploid. One of the two patients with diploid metastatic follicular carcinomas died with carcinoma, as did one of the two patients with aneuploid metastatic follicular carcinomas. These results suggest the following: (1) follicular carcinomas are more likely to be aneuploid or tetraploid than are follicular adenomas; (2) follicular neoplasms without capsular or vascular invasion may include a small number of aneuploid or tetraploid tumors; and (3) DNA ploidy does not add to the prognostic value of histologic studies alone.
Evidence of Compromised Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier in Early and Late Symptomatic SOD1 Mice Modeling ALS (2007)

Results suggest that the BSCB is compromised in areas of motor neuron degeneration in ALS mice at both early and late stages of the disease.
Shape- and Size-Selective Electrochemical Synthesis of Dispersed Silver(I) Oxide Colloids (2005)

Silver(I) oxide (Ag2O) micro- and nanoparticles were electrochemically synthesized by anodizing a sacrificial silver wire in a basic aqueous sulfate solution. Ag2O particles were released from the silver electrode surface during synthesis producing a visible sol "stream". The composition of these particles was established using selected area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The shape of Ag2O crystallites could be adjusted using the potential of the silver wire generator electrode. The generation of a dispersed Ag2O sol and the observed shape selectivity are both explained by a two-step mechanism involving the anodic dissolution of silver metal, Ag0 --> Ag+(aq) + 1e-, followed by the precipitation of Ag2O particles, 2Ag+ + 2OH- --> Ag2O(s) + H2O. Within 100 mV of the voltage threshold for particle growth, cubic particles with a depression in each face ("hopper crystals") were produced. The application of more positive voltages resulted in the generation of 8-fold symmetric "flower"-shaped particles formed as a consequence of fast growth in the <111> crystallographic direction. The diameter of flower particles was adjustable from 250 nm to 1.8 microm using the growth duration at constant potential.
A new technicaldevice of blood purification for infants. An experience of blood purification for infantile oxalosis. (2000)

oxalosisの幼児に対し, 生体肝腎非同時移植を施行し, 肝移植から腎移植前までの50日間, 再溶出する体内蓚酸塩除去を目的とした持続的血液浄化法も含むHF, HDFを施行した. この際, 低流量域における操作条件で安全に治療可能となるよういくつかの技術的工夫を試み, さらにこの時の溶質除去効率についても検討した.HF, HDFにおける透析液流量 (QD), 補充液流量 (VS), 濾過流量 (VF) のそれぞれの出入量は定量筒輸液セットと輸液ポンプを組み合わせ流量バランスを保った.血液流量 (QB)=20ml/min, 透析液流量=40ml/min, 補充液流量, 濾過流量=0.28l/hrでの治療開始1hr目のUreaおよびβ2-MGのクリアランス (CL) はそれぞれ16.9ml/min, 7.0ml/minであった. なお, 7hr 40minのHDFを施行した結果, 透析液排液と濾過液中に合わせて31.2mgの蓚酸塩が除去されていた.
Aufbau eines flüssigkristallinen Polymernetzwerks durch Selbstorganisation über intermolekulare Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen (1994)

Flüssigkristallines Verhalten über einen weiten Temperaturbereich und reversible Phasenübergänge zeigt das Polymernetzwerk 1 , das durch Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zwischen den Benzoesäure‐ und den Bipyridyleinheiten zusammengehalten wird. magnified image
Palm Oil (2020)

Abstract Palm oil is consumed in over 150 countries worldwide. It plays a pivotal role in the socioeconomic development of Asian, Latin American, and African regions. Of all the palm oil and palm kernel oil entering global trade, Malaysia and Indonesia account for more than half the market share, dominating the international trade in palm oil. The increasing importance of palm oil has naturally led to a steady buildup of scientific, technical, and trade data and information. The success of the palm oil industry in Malaysia and Indonesia, in particular, has never been easy. It has been wrought with obstacles and has gotten harder in recent years. The industry has been inundated with issues of mistrusts and misconceptions about the oil, its composition, and its nutritional benefits. Other issues that have garnered attention include its trade and traceability, new process contaminants, environmental management, and other issues relating to the sustainable development of the palm oil industry. This article overviews the role of palm oil industry in the international oils and fats market, the technology involved in oil extracting and processing, palm oil quality parameters, and the applications of palm oil in food and nonfood products. The issues that are becoming relevant, namely the existence of process contaminants such as 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) esters and glycidol esters, trade and traceability, together with other issues related to a sustainable development of the palm oil industry, have also been included.
Renin is an angiotensin-independent profibrotic mediator: role in pulmonary fibrosis (2011)

The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is probably the result of interplay between cytokines/chemokines and growth factors. The renin-angiotensin (Ang) system is involved, although its profibrotic effect is attributed to Ang II. However, recent studies suggest that renin, through a specific receptor, is implicated in fibrogenesis. In this study, the expression of renin and renin receptor was examined in normal and IPF lungs and fibroblasts. Normal human lung fibroblasts were stimulated with renin or transfected with renin small interfering RNA (siRNA), and the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and α-1-type I collagen was analysed. Normal lungs and lung fibroblasts expressed renin, which was strongly upregulated in IPF lungs and fibroblasts (∼10-fold increase; p<0.05). Immunocytochemistry showed intense renin staining in IPF fibroblasts. Renin-stimulated lung fibroblasts displayed an increase in the expression of TGF-β1 (mean ± sd 1.8 × 10(3) ± 0.2 × 10(3) versus 1.2 × 10(3)± 0.3 × 10(3) mRNA copies per 18S ribosomal RNA; p<0.01) and collagen (5.93 × 10(2)± 0.66 × 10(2) versus 3.28 × 10(2) ± 0.5 × 10(2); p<0.01), while knocking down renin expression using siRNA provoked a strong decrease of both molecules. These effects were independent of Ang II, since neither losartan nor captopril decreased these effects. Renin also decreased matrix metalloprotease-1 expression and induced TGF-β1 activation (163 ± 34 versus 110 ± 15 pg active TGF-β1 per mg total protein). These findings highlight the possible role of renin as an Ang II-independent profibrotic factor in lung fibrosis.
"Multi-Dimensional Networking: Fifteenth-Century Indian Ocean Maritime Diaspora in Southeast Asian Perspective" (2006)

Abstract This study addresses the different types of diasporic spread in the island world on the eve of European contact, in a shifting optic that raises issues of ethnicity and urbanism, and how the two are linked. By examining the wider patterns of sojourners moving through the Southeast Asia region this study emphasizes that developing urbanisms were predicated and dependent on shifting population flows, and not on the agglomeration of people in one place at one time to produce settlements of any size. The fifteenth century was the critical era, in which political embassies, trade missions, and emigration all intersected and interacted to create a world that had not existed previously. Cette étude adresse les différents types d'étendre diasporic dans le monde d'î le la veille du contact européen, dans un décalage optique qui soulève des questions d'appartenance ethnique et d'urbanism, et la façon dont les deux sont liés. En examinant les modèles plus larges des sojourners se déplaçant par la région de Sud-est asiatique cetteétude souligne cela des urbanisms se développants ont été affirmées et personne à charge sur des écoulements de décalage de population, et pas sur l'agglomération des personnes dans un endroit en même temps pour produire des règlements de n'importe quelle taille. Le quinzième siècle était l'ère critique, l'où les ambassades politiques, les missions commerciales, et l'émigration ont tout intersecté et ont agi l'un sur l'autre pour créer un monde qui n'avait pas existéprécédemment.