gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostate Apoptosis Response-4 (Par-4): A Novel Target in Pyronaridine-Induced Apoptosis in Glioblastoma (GBM) Cells (2022)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain tumor with a median survival of approximately 12 months. With no new drugs in the last few decades and limited success in clinics for known therapies, drug repurposing is an attractive choice for its treatment. Here, we examined the efficacy of pyronaridine (PYR), an anti-malarial drug in GBM cells. PYR induced anti-proliferative activity in GBM cells with IC<sub>50</sub> ranging from 1.16 to 6.82 µM. Synergistic activity was observed when PYR was combined with Doxorubicin and Ritonavir. Mechanistically, PYR triggered mitochondrial membrane depolarization and enhanced the ROS levels causing caspase-3 mediated apoptosis. PYR significantly decreased markers associated with proliferation, EMT, hypoxia, and stemness and upregulated the expression of E-cadherin. Interestingly, PYR induced the expression of intracellular as well as secretory Par-4, a tumor suppressor in GBM cells, which was confirmed using siRNA. Notably, Par-4 levels in plasma samples of GBM patients were significantly lower than normal healthy volunteers. Thus, our study demonstrates for the first time that PYR can be repurposed against GBM with a novel mechanism of action involving Par-4. Herewith, we discuss the role of upregulated Par-4 in a highly interconnected signaling network thereby advocating its importance as a therapeutic target.
Regional myocardial free fatty acid extraction in normal and ischemic myocardium. (1988)

The rate constant for free fatty acid influx (k1) was studied in normal and ischemic myocardium. In 15 normal subjects and 30 patients with coronary artery disease, 201Tl and 15-(p-123I-iodophenyl)-pentadecanoic acid (IPPA) were administered during exercise under fasting conditions and at rest. In 10 patients, the study was repeated after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; in three patients, the study was repeated after infarction. The initial accumulation of IPPA, related to that of 201Tl (both background and crossover corrected), was used for determinations of the regional rate constant of IPPA influx into myocardial tissue (k1*). In normal subjects, no significant differences in k1* between major myocardial segments were found; the average value of k1* was 0.57 +/- 0.13/min (mean +/- SD) at rest and 0.42 +/- 0.06/min at exercise (average workload, 123 +/- 47 W). With increasing free fatty acid plasma concentration and perfusion, free fatty acid influx increased in a saturable fashion. The Michaelis-Menten constant (KM*) and the maximal velocity (Vmax*) for IPPA influx into myocardial tissue were estimated to be 470 nmol/g and 430 nmol/g.min, respectively. In ischemic areas, k1* was reduced to 57 +/- 18% of k1* value in nonaffected segments. The areas were larger than those showing reduced 201Tl uptake. Preinfarction and postinfarction studies showed that the size of 201Tl defects in postinfarction images corresponded with the size of the area with reduced k1* observed in preinfarction scintigrams. Revascularization led to an increase of 201Tl uptake and to normalization of k1*.
Multi-Layer Architecture and Routing for Internet of Everything (IoE) in Smart Cities (2021)

Smart cities are evolving with the help of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs), smart governing policies and with the deployment of Internet of Things (IoT). Smart city developments aim to cater better service to citizens by providing safety, comfort and to make life easier in the city. Intelligent IoT deployments, data collection and management is required for the smooth functioning of a smart City. This work investigates the current state-of-art towards a multi-layer adaptable architecture to support the development of a Sustainable Smart City (SSC). A multi-layer distributed architecture is required to meet the evolving requirements of a smart city. We also discuss the current challenges and the futuristic challenges for the effective IoT deployment and data management for the smooth functioning of the Smart city. This paper also presents a comprehensive overview of the smart city applications and use cases and how the Internet of Everything (IoE) can help with the concept of smart city. This paper also emphasizes the importance of user integration along with the IoT and open layered architecture and infrastructure for the sustainable development of the city.
A novel design methodology for reconfigurable frequency selective surfaces using genetic algorithms (2005)

In this paper, a new reconfigurable frequency selective surface (RFSS) design concept is introduced. A grid of simple metallic patches interconnected by a matrix of switches is proposed as the unit cell of an RFSS. The switches are independently addressable and provide significant transmission and reflection flexibility over a large range of frequencies. This flexibility is exploited by optimizing the switch settings using a genetic algorithm to produce a desired frequency response. The versatility of the design technique is demonstrated by presenting several examples of genetically optimized RFSS. The first example to be considered is a linearly polarized FSS that can be reconfigured for either single-, dual-, or tri-band operation. An RFSS design is also introduced that can be optimized to have a frequency response that is polarization independent in one state (i.e., for one combination of switch settings) and polarization dependent in another state.
Azide–alkyne cycloadditions in a vortex fluidic device: enhanced “on water” effects and catalysis in flow (2020)

The Vortex Fluidic Device is a flow reactor that processes reactions in thin films. Running the metal-free azide-alkyne cycloaddition in this reactor revealed a dramatic enhancement of the "on water" effect. For the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, stainless steel or copper jet feeds were effective reservoirs of active copper catalyst.
The Study of Natural Products (1989)

This thesis consists of six chapters. A General Introduction is presented at the beginning, dealing briefly with the background of wood chemistry research, the nature of secondary metabolism and the objectives of the study. Furthermore, the biogenesis of diterpenoids, nor-lignans and phenylethylchromones are also discussed. Chapter I concerns a discussion of the constituents of the normal and infected woods of Agathis borneensis. Fourteen compounds from both woods were isolated, including four new compounds 44, 46, 51, 53>. Their structures were elucidated mainly by use of 1H and 13C n. m. r. and mass spectroscopy. The occurrence of xanthones in Calophyllum species is reviewed in Chapter II. This is followed by a discussion of the extractives from the wood and bark of Calophyllum biflorum. Five compounds were isolated, two of which are new compounds 80,82>. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract constituents of the infected wood of Aquilaris malaccencis is discussed in Chapter III. Four phenylethylchromones were isolated, of which compound 42> is a new compound. In addition, a new sesquiterpenoid compound 43> was also isolated. The results of a phytochemical screening of three Dipterocarpus species is described in Chapter IV. The wood extracts of D. costulatus. D. cornutus and D. baudii were investigated. The timber of D. costulatus contains more extractives than the other two Dipterocarpus species. Dipterocarpol was found to be the major compound in all three species. An investigation of the tetranortriterpenoid constituents of Azadirachta indica is discussed in Chapter V. Five tetranortriterpenoids were isolated and compound 22> was identified as a new compound. A detailed description of the preparation of 3-deacetyl-azadirachtin by mild alkaline hydrolysis and its reacetylation to azadirachtin is also given. The final chapter deal with raffinose, a trisaccharide isolated from Delonix regia. The structure was assigned by modern m. m. r. techniques including two-dimensional experiments. The 13C n. m. r. resonances of raffinose peracetate are assigned for the first time.
Central Vein Sign Profile of Newly Developing Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis (2022)

This study provides Class III evidence that younger age and higher CVS+ percentage at baseline are associated with new CVS+ lesion development.
Genetic analysis of obstructive sleep apnoea discovers a strong association with cardiometabolic health (2020)

There is currently limited understanding of the genetic aetiology of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We aimed to identify genetic loci associated with OSA risk, and to test if OSA and its comorbidities share a common genetic background.We conducted the first large-scale genome-wide association study of OSA using the FinnGen study (217 955 individuals) with 16 761 OSA patients identified using nationwide health registries.We estimated 0.08 (95% CI 0.06-0.11) heritability and identified five loci associated with OSA (p<5.0×10<sup>-8</sup>): rs4837016 near <i>GAPVD1</i> (GTPase activating protein and VPS9 domains 1), rs10928560 near <i>CXCR4</i> (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 4), rs185932673 near <i>CAMK1D</i> (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ID) and rs9937053 near <i>FTO</i> (fat mass and obesity-associated protein; a variant previously associated with body mass index (BMI)). In a BMI-adjusted analysis, an association was observed for rs10507084 near <i>RMST</i>/<i>NEDD1</i> (rhabdomyosarcoma 2 associated transcript/NEDD1 γ-tubulin ring complex targeting factor). We found high genetic correlations between OSA and BMI (r<sub>g</sub>=0.72 (95% CI 0.62-0.83)), and with comorbidities including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, depression, hypothyroidism, asthma and inflammatory rheumatic disease (r<sub>g</sub>>0.30). The polygenic risk score for BMI showed 1.98-fold increased OSA risk between the highest and the lowest quintile, and Mendelian randomisation supported a causal relationship between BMI and OSA.Our findings support the causal link between obesity and OSA, and the joint genetic basis between OSA and comorbidities.
Serum periostin in healthy controls and patients with asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis; data from the Swedish GA(2)LEN population study (2016)

<b>Background</b> Periostin is suggested to be a biomarker of Th2-driven asthma yet large studies examining relationships between circulating periostin and patient characteristics are lacking, and the suitability of periostin as a biomarker remains unclear. <b>Aim</b> To examine periostin levels in controls and well-characterised asthmatic patients from the general population, with and without chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), in relation to other biomarkers and clinical characteristics. <b>Methods</b> Serum periostin was examined by ELISA in 460 asthmatics with/without CRS, 97 individuals with CRS, and 203 healthy controls from the Swedish GA(2)LEN study (age 17-76). Clinical tests included measurement of lung function, exhaled NO, IgE and urinary EPX (eosinophil protein X). <b>Results</b> In multiple regression analyses, periostin was associated with higher FeNO, urinary EPX and total IgE in subjects both with and without asthma. Increased age and lower BMI related to higher periostin, whereas current smoking related to lower periostin levels. Mean periostin levels were no different between subject groups. See Malinovschi <i>et al</i>. (ERS 2016) for further analyses of periostin and lung function in Swedish GA(2)LEN asthma patients. <b>Conclusion</b> We confirm associations between periostin and markers of type-2 inflammation. The effects of age, BMI and smoking need to be considered when using periostin as a biomarker in asthma.
Smart sensor design: The art of compensation and cancellation (2007)

Smart sensors are systems in which sensors and dedicated interface electronics are integrated on the same chip, or at least in the same package. Due to the low-level analog output of typical sensors, designing interface electronics that "does no harm," i.e. does not impair sensor performance, is quite challenging, especially in today's mainstream CMOS technology, whose inherent precision is limited by I/f noise and component mismatch. However, since most sensors are quite slow compared to transistors, dynamic techniques can often be used to trade speed or bandwidth for higher precision. Examples of such techniques are auto zeroing, chopping, dynamic element matching, switched-capacitor filtering and sigma-delta modulation. This paper describes the use of such dynamic techniques in the design and realization of state-of-the-art smart CMOS sensors for the measurement of temperature, wind velocity and magnetic field.
Materials challenges for the development of solid sorbents for post-combustion carbon capture (2011)

In an effort to reduce the energy penalty and cost associated with state-of-the-art carbon capture technologies, a range of 2nd and 3rd generation CO2 capture technologies are being developed. One of these technologies, based on solid sorbents for the gas separation in carbon capture, has the potential to significantly reduce the energy penalty and avoid some of the problems associated with the current technologies. However to realise this potential, two main developments are required: new porous materials and new plant integration processes. This application note describes the performance requirements and challenges associated with the development of functional materials for this application. We describe the key challenges for materials development and the requirements in terms of operating conditions, gas composition, stability, and lifetime to make solid sorbents a viable large scale CO2 capture process. Examples of potential future research and breakthrough materials currently being developed are also discussed.
Early Biomarkers of Renal Injury (2010)

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) refers to pathophysiologic interaction of the heart and kidney and is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and high mortality. Cardiac surgery or acute decompensated heart failure and radiocontrast-induced nephropathy are common clinical scenarios of CRS. Unfortunately, established functional biomarkers of glomerular filtration rate such as serum creatinine, urea, and diuresis delay AKI diagnosis by 24 to 48 hours. Novel renal biomarkers indicating tubular injury are emerging and may have wide implications. This review focuses on several novel renal biomarkers with the most promising biologic characteristics and clinical evidence for their AKI predictive ability: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule-1, interleukin 18, and fatty acid-binding proteins. The value of each biomarker is reviewed on currently available clinical data in typical settings of CRS. These markers might extend the therapeutic window during which timely and individualized patient management might be possible.
Role of the Biological Oceanography in the Global Ocean Environmental Issue in the 21st Century (1996)

I am highly honored by being invited to the 30th anniversary Symposium of the Korean Society of Oceanography (KSO). I would like to express my sincere thanks to the KSO for this invitation, and on behalf of all the members of the Oceanographic Society of Japan and the Plankton Society of Japan, to offer our congratulations to the KSO for the 30th anniversary. In honor of the occasion, I would like to remark on role of the oceanography in global environmental issues in the coming century. However, a talk covering whole spectrum of the oceanography would be desultory, so, since my major field is biology, I will focus my talk on the biological oceanography.
TULA-family proteins are key to the regulation of T-cell-driven inflammatory responses. (138.13) (2010)

Abstract The novel TULA family consists of two proteins recently implicated in cellular regulation. TULA-1 is expressed only in lymphoid cells and has been shown to exert a pro-apoptotic effect in T-cells, possibly through its interaction with AIF. TULA-2 is expressed ubiquitously and is an active phosphatase capable of dephosphorylating proteins involved in receptor-mediated signaling. CD4+ T-cells from mice lacking both family members (dKO) are hypersensitive to TCR stimulation. Initial characterization T-cell subpopulations in TULA dKO mice revealed an atypical CD45RB distribution among dKO CD4+ T-cells. Further analysis of memory and regulatory markers indicate that both memory and regulatory T-cell populations are expanded in dKO mice. To determine in vivo consequences of these changes, we utilized two mouse models of inflammation in which T-cells play a key role: trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis and colitis induced by the adoptive transfer of CD45RB-high CD4+ T-cells. Studies utilizing TNBS indicated that TULA dKO mice are more sensitive to colitis as compared to WT mice and that the increased sensitivity is dependent on T-cells. Consistent with these findings, dKO CD45RB-high CD4+ T-cells were significantly more colitogenic than the in WT mice in the transfer colitis model. Taken together, our data suggests that TULA-family proteins are key to the physiological regulation of T-cell reactivity that drives inflammatory responses in the intestine.
Single-subject analysis of regional brain volumetric measures can be strongly influenced by the method for head size adjustment (2022)

The residual method should be preferred for TIV and age adjustments of T1w-MRI-based brain volume estimates in single subject analyses.
LLAMA: Efficient graph analytics using Large Multiversioned Arrays (2015)

We present LLAMA, a graph storage and analysis system that supports mutability and out-of-memory execution. LLAMA performs comparably to immutable main-memory analysis systems for graphs that fit in memory and significantly outperforms existing out-of-memory analysis systems for graphs that exceed main memory. LLAMA bases its implementation on the compressed sparse row (CSR) representation, which is a read-only representation commonly used for graph analytics. We augment this representation to support mutability and persistence using a novel implementation of multi-versioned array snapshots, making it ideal for applications that receive a steady stream of new data, but need to perform whole-graph analysis on consistent views of the data. We compare LLAMA to state-of-the-art systems on representative graph analysis workloads, showing that LLAMA scales well both out-of-memory and across parallel cores. Our evaluation shows that LLAMA's mutability introduces modest overheads of 3-18% relative to immutable CSR for in-memory execution and that it outperforms state-of-the-art out-of-memory systems in most cases, with a best case improvement of 5x on breadth-first-search.
Energy Challenges in Current and Future Optical Transmission Networks (2012)

In this paper, we examine how energy constraints might shape future optical communication networks and the impact that current technology trends may have on future energy use. Historical factors and prevailing complications associated with fiber capacity point to an increased focus on energy to enable tighter photonic and electronic component integration and larger networks. Energy requirements and associated challenges are described at the component, system, and network level.
Estimation of localization of neural activity in the spinal cord using a biomagnetometer. (2003)

Spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEPs) measurement is widely used for level diagnosis of spondylotic myelopathy. However, because of the restriction of spatial resolution, SCEPs do not distinguish the neurophysiological activities among tracts in the spinal cord without invasive methods. Magnetic field measurement has the theoretical advantage of high spatial resolution, compared with electric measurement. We recorded spinal cord evoked magnetic fields (SCEFs) in the thoracic spinal cord after stimulation to the motor area in felines, and estimated the source of the magnetic fields. SCEFs showed a quadrupolar pattern, and conducted in a cranial-to-caudal direction at 55 m/sec. According to this result, we estimated that the SCEFs after stimulation to the motor area were generated by the contralateral corticospinal tract. Furthermore, the estimated dipole of the SCEFs after stimulation to the motor area was located on the contralateral side in the spinal cord. These results correspond with the anatomical location of the corticospinal tract of felines, and suggest that magnetic field recording can detect the magnetic source localization of each tract in the spinal cord.
Th17 Cells Are Not Required for Host Defense Against Murine Disseminated Candidiasis, But Are Required for Vaccine-Mediated Protection (132.10) (2009)

Abstract Background: We are developing a vaccine based on the recombinant N-terminus of the candidal adhesin, Als3p (rAls3p-N), which results in significant protection against disseminated candidiasis. Vaccine protection requires upstream T lymphocytes and downstream functional phagocytes. We therefore sought to determine the role of Th17 cells in vaccine-mediated protection. Methods: We compared Th1 (CD4+IFN- ƒ×+), Th17 (CD4+IL-17+), and Th1/17 (CD4+IFN- ƒ×+IL-17+) cell frequencies in mice vaccinated with rAls3p-N + Al(OH)3 or Al(OH)3 adjuvant alone. We also compared vaccine efficacy in IL-17 deficient, CCR6 (cell surface marker of Th17 cells) deficient, or congenic wild type control mice infected via the tail-vein with C. albicans. Results: Vaccination increased Th1, Th17, and Th1/Th17 frequencies in mice. Splenocytes from vaccinated mice stimulated with rAls3p-N ex vivo produced significantly higher levels of IFN- ƒ×, IL-17, and KC than splenocytes from control mice. IL-17 and CCR6 deficient mice were not more susceptible to disseminated candidiasis than control mice. However, vaccine efficacy was abrogated in both IL-17 and CCR6 deficient mice. Conclusion: Th17 cells are not required for host defense against disseminated candidiasis in unvaccinated mice. However, the rAls3p-N vaccine stimulates Th17 and Th1/17 cells, and Th17 cells are required for vaccine efficacy in mice.
Synthesis of a Virus Electrode for Measurement of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (2009)

Though relatively unexploited in biosensor applications, phage display technology can provide versatile recognition scaffolds for detection of cancer markers and other analytes. This chapter details protocols for covalent attachment of viruses directly to electrodes for reagent-free detection of analytes in real-time. Customization of binding specificity leverages selections with large phage display libraries prior to covalent attachment of the selected virus to the electrode. The methods described here utilize electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to detect molecular recognition between M13 phage bound to a Au electrode and the following analytes: prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), positive and negative control antibodies (p-Ab and n-Ab, respectively). Because of a thick layer built on the Au electrode, the real impedance (Zre) increases reliably with S/N ratios upon noncovalent binding to PSMA (approximately 14) and p-Ab (approximately 20).