gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study of a Cylinder-to-Sphere Order−Order Transition in Block Copolymers (2000)

The pathway and kinetics of the order−order transition from shear-aligned cylindrical microdomains to spheres arranged on a bcc lattice in a highly asymmetrical block copolymer are monitored using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Shear-aligned hexagonally closed-packed cylindrical microdomains were heated to the spherical microdomain region under quiescent conditions, and the microstructure evolution associated with the order−order transition was followed by SANS. The data indicate a rapid decrease in the cylindrical microdomain order and a gradual rise in the signatures associated with the spherical microdomains, thereby suggesting the existence of an intermediate state where the sample is poorly ordered. The duration of this intermediate state increases with increasing distance from the order−order transition and is consistent with previous rheological measurements on unaligned wormlike cylinders. The results of the scattering measurements are compared to the predictions of recent theories describing the cylinder-to-sphere transition.
Compact and MEMS-Scanner-Based 3-D Imaging LiDAR With Wide Scanning Angle of 147.5° × 11.6° Using Multiple Transmitters and a Single Small Photodetector With Diameter of 0.5 mm (2022)

The 3-D imaging light detection and ranging (LiDAR) with a wide scanning angle of 147.5° <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 11.6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ° is shown. The LiDAR has the micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) scanner, which is the electromagnetic driving type produced by the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process. The scanner has a large aperture size of 7 mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 5 mm with the mechanical tilt angle of ±12.5° <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> ±3.4°. The rib structure of the MEMS mirror realizes the small distortion on the mirror surface in addition to the lightweight. The three laser diodes (LDs) are used to realize the wide scanning angle. The optics has the unique design and covers the three transmitting directions of the LDs with only one small photodetector that has a diameter of 0.5 mm. This single photodetector configuration contributes to the compactness in addition to low cost. The maximum measurable range of 40 m is demonstrated with the frame rate of 28 frames per second (fps) and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$282\times 31$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pixels.
Speed profile planning in dynamic environments via temporal optimization (2017)

To generate safe and efficient trajectories for an automated vehicle in dynamic environments, a layered approach is usually considered, which separates path planning and speed profile planning. This paper is focused on speed profile planning for a given path that is represented by a set of waypoints. The speed profile will be generated using temporal optimization which optimizes the time stamps for all waypoints along the given path. The formulation of the problem under urban driving scenarios is discussed. To speed up the computation, the non-convex temporal optimization is approximated by a set of quadratic programs which are solved iteratively using the slack convex feasible set (SCFS) algorithm. The simulations in various urban driving scenarios validate the effectiveness of the method.
Scale-free primordial cosmology (2014)

The large-scale structure of the Universe suggests that the physics underlying its early evolution is scale-free. This was the historic motivation for the Harrison-Zel'dovich-Peebles spectrum and for inflation. Based on a hydrodynamical approach, we identify scale-free forms for the background equation of state for both inflationary and cyclic scenarios and use these forms to derive predictions for the spectral tilt and tensor-to-scalar ratio of primordial density perturbations. For the case of inflation, we find three classes of scale-free models with distinct predictions. Including all classes, we show that scale-free inflation predicts tensor-to-scalar ratio $r&gt;1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. We show that the observationally favored class is theoretically disfavored because it suffers from an initial conditions problem and the hydrodynamical form of an unlikeliness problem similar to that identified recently for certain inflaton potentials. We contrast these results with those for scale-free cyclic models.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Signatures Associated with Rejection or Recurrence in HER-2/<i>neu</i>–Positive Mammary Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Signatures Associated with Rejection or Recurrence in HER-2/&lt;i&gt;neu&lt;/i&gt;–Positive Mammary Tumors
Atom transfer radical polymerization of ionic liquid monomer: The influence of salt/counterion on polymerization (2014)

Understanding the influence of salt/counterion on atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is important to optimize the conditions for ATRP of ionic monomers, such as ionic liquid monomer. This article reports the results of a systematical investigation of the variables associated with ATRP in the presence of different types and amounts of salts, solvents, ligands, and monomers. A series of control ATRP experiments were conducted under various polymerization conditions. The kinetics of the polymerizations, the molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution of the formed polymers were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography. The results indicated that all of the studied variables influenced the ATRP process to different degrees. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 2175–2184
Wettability Alteration on Carbonate Rock by the Mixture of the Gemini Surfactant and Chelating Agent (2022)

Gemini surfactants are novel surfactants that show unique properties, including low critical micelle concentrations, good water solubility, and outstanding performance in interfacial tension reduction. A previous study focusing on a group of locally synthesized cationic gemini surfactants found promising wettability alteration performance, which indicates the possible application in carbonate reservoirs that are naturally fractured and oil-wet. However, the tested surfactants seemed not to be efficient in high-salinity conditions. Chelating agents are used to reduce salinity by capturing the metal ions, helping maintain the performance of the selected enhanced oil recovery materials. In this study, wettability alteration by the locally synthesized ethoxylated quaternary ammonium gemini surfactant (GS8, with eight carbon atoms in the spacer group) alone and by the mixture between GS8 and a commonly used chelating agent [diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)] was assessed by contact angle measurements. Results show that GS8 can modify strongly oil-wet Indiana limestone to intermediate-wet when dissolved in deionized water. Adding salts impairs the ability of the surfactant in altering wettability. The negative effect decreases in the sequence: CaCl2 > Na2SO4 > NaCl ≈ NaHCO3 ≈ MgCl2. The addition of DTPA improved the ability of the surfactant to alter the wettability in the presence of salts. A mixture of DTPA and GS8 showed better performance compared to GS8 and DTPA alone. These results suggested that, for high-salinity reservoirs, adding a chelating agent in combination with a cationic gemini surfactant could improve the wettability alteration.
Analysis Of EphA3 Expression In Hematologic Malignancies By Quantitative PCR (2013)

Abstract EphA3 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in cell positioning and tissue organization during fetal development, but is not thought to play a significant role in healthy adults. However, aberrant EphA3 expression has been reported in a variety of hematologic and solid tumors. KaloBios is conducting a clinical study (KB004-01) of the anti-EphA3 monoclonal antibody KB004 in patients with hematologic malignancies. To gain further insight into the expression of EphA3 in human cancer, we are analyzing EphA3 mRNA expression in a broad range of hematologic diseases using quantitative PCR analysis. The goal of this research is to determine EphA3 expression in hematologic diseases, to identify cytogenetic and/or molecular mutations associated with aberrant EphA3 expression, and to identify EphA3 positive patient populations for inclusion in the ongoing KB004-01 clinical trial. To date, a total of 45 bone marrow aspirate samples have been analyzed from a cohort of patients with AML, MDS, multiple myeloma (PCM), PMF, CML, ALL, or CLL and the study is ongoing. Relative quantification of EphA3 mRNA was determined by normalization to GAPDH and B2M control genes, and expression calculated relative to the level of EphA3 found in normal bone marrow. Patients were designated EphA3+ if the relative EphA3 expression was &gt;2-fold above normal bone marrow. In AML, 8 out of 14 (57.1%) were EphA3+ with expression levels ranging from 2 - 203 fold. The two AML samples with the highest EphA3 expression (43 and 203 fold) were from refractory AMLs. In MDS, 7 out of 15 (46.7%) were EphA3+ with expression ranging from 2 - 33 fold. In PCM, 2 out of 3 (66.6%) were EphA3+ with expression ranging from 10 - 55 fold. The sample with high EphA3 expression of 55 fold had involvement of both PCM and PMF disease. In PMF, 2 out of 3 (66.6%) were EphA3+ with expression levels ranging from 8 - 977 fold. The PMF sample with 977 fold EphA3 expression is the highest level of EphA3 measured in the study to date. The remaining samples analyzed consisted of 1 unspecified MPN, 3 CML, 2 ALL, and 4 CLL all of which had EphA3 mRNA levels equal to or lower than normal bone marrow. In summary, elevated levels of EphA3 mRNA were detected in a number of bone marrow aspirates from AML, MDS, PCM, and PMF patients suggesting these diseases as possible candidates for anti-EphA3 targeted therapy. Disclosures: Woronicz: KaloBios: Employment. Cortes:KaloBios: Research Funding. Jorgensen:KaloBios: Research Funding. Challagundla:KaloBios: Research Funding. Walling:Amgen: Equity Ownership; KaloBios: Consultancy; Corcept Therapeutics: Consultancy; Prothena: Consultancy; New Gen Therapeutics: Consultancy; Valent Technologies: Consultancy; LBC Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; BioMarin: Equity Ownership; Crown BioScience: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Yarranton:KaloBios: Employment, Equity Ownership; Glaxo: Equity Ownership; EnGen: Equity Ownership, Science Advisor, Science Advisor Other; StemLine Therapeutics: Equity Ownership.
Brainstem Cavernous Malformations Resected Via Miniature Craniotomies: Technique and Approach Selection (2014)

Objective: Brainstem cavernous malformations (BCMs) are benign tumors but can cause devastating neurologic disability when they hemorrhage. Annual symptomatic bleed rates are higher for lesions in the brainstem as compared with other locations, reported as high as 60.9%. We present a case series of patients who underwent surgical resection for a variety of BCMs using minimally invasive craniotomies (MICs). Methods: Approach was chosen by location of the presentation of the BCM to the brainstem surface and the long axis of the lesion. Once the lesion was accessed, resection occurred through our described standardized method. Radiologic follow-up in all cases was undertaken to confirm extent of resection. Results: Seven patients were treated with MICs for complete surgical excision of BCMs during this time period. All patients had experienced at least one hemorrhage before presentation. Postoperatively, there were three instances of transient neurologic symptoms, all of which resolved at last follow-up. All seven patients experienced neurologic improvement after surgery, with four patients showing no deficits at last follow-up. Approach selection rationale and technical nuances are presented on a case-by-case basis. Conclusion: With carefully planned MIC approaches to BCMs presenting to the brainstem surface, excellent results may be achieved without the necessity of larger conventional craniotomies. We believe these nuances may be of use to others in treating these challenging lesions.
Analysis of electro‐optical properties of polymer‐stabilized OCB and the application to TFT‐LCDs (2009)

Abstract— A 9‐in. full‐color polymer‐stabilized OCB TFT‐LCD with stable bend alignment in the absence of an electric field was developed. The condition of the polymer stabilization, the characteristics of UV‐curable monomers, and their influence on the configurations of the polymer network in the cell were studied. Possible models of the configuration were proposed and their relationship to the electro‐optical properties was analyzed using a novel simulation method considering the distribution of anchoring effects from both alignment surfaces and the polymer network. It was suggested that a good performance such as high contrast ratio and fast response could be expected in the polymer network originating from newly developed monomers composed of multifunctional LC acrylates due to a relatively weak‐anchoring effect and presumably its localization near the alignment surfaces. By using the newly developed monomers under the optimized polymer‐stabilizing process, a high contrast ratio of 250:1 and fast response nearly equal to that of a conventional OCB cell were achieved.
A mini-invasive multi-function biomedical pressure measurement system ASIC (2010)

A mini-invasive system ASIC for multiple bladder pressure measurement function is presented. Not only can the period of measurement be adjusted, the flexibility is also enhanced by using a tunable IA (instrumentation amplifier). Because the pressure inside the body cavity (i.e., bladder) usually does not vary drastically, a long-term mode is required to save the battery power for a reliable observation. Besides, the pressure dynamics in a cavity also could be examined in the continuous mode. The IA amplifies the signal sensed by the pressure sensor, which is then fed into the following ADC (analog-to-digital converter). Owing to the intrinsic 1-atm pressure (one atmospheric pressure) existing inside the body cavity and the various resolution requirement for the different applications, the input range of the IA must be able to be adjusted to keep the required linearity. The pressure range of the proposed system is found out to be 10.4~27.7 Psi with the maximum resolution of 8.42 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> Psi, which is more than enough for most of pressure measurement applications.
Optical beam enhanced defect detection with electron beam inspection tools (2008)

This paper presents an approach to enhance the defect detection sensitivity with the use of electron beam inspection tool in presence of optical light illumination. Optical light is believed to interact with reversed biased NMOS devices and gate oxide under inspection which either induces photocurrent across junction on NMOS, or stimulates leakage current across thin gate oxide. This enhances the voltage contrast between defective open contacts and normal contacts, and makes the detection of corresponding voltage contrast defects more sensitive and reliable.
A novel β-catenin/BCL9 complex inhibitor blocks oncogenic Wnt signaling and disrupts cholesterol homeostasis in colorectal cancer (2022)

Dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of many human cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), making it an attractive clinical target. With the aim of inhibiting oncogenic Wnt activity, we developed a high-throughput screening AlphaScreen assay to identify selective small-molecule inhibitors of the interaction between β-catenin and its coactivator BCL9. We identified a compound that consistently bound to β-catenin and specifically inhibited in vivo native β-catenin/BCL9 complex formation in CRC cell lines. This compound inhibited Wnt activity, down-regulated expression of the Wnt/β-catenin signature in gene expression studies, disrupted cholesterol homeostasis, and significantly reduced the proliferation of CRC cell lines and tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model of CRC. This study has therefore identified a specific small-molecule inhibitor of oncogenic Wnt signaling, which may have value as a probe for functional studies and has important implications for the development of novel therapies in patients with CRC.
DC‐50 GHz RF‐MEMS SPDT switch for high‐reliability applications (2012)

Abstract A large band SPDT (single‐pole double‐throw) switch based on a very advanced RF‐MEMS switch technology for redundancy schemes are presented. This device allowed to reach state‐of‐the‐art working bandwidth (DC‐50 GHz) and RF performances (IL (Insection loss) &lt; 0.8 dB, isolation &gt; 25 dB, and RL &gt; 20 dB). The 200 mm MEMS technology process has demonstrated a very good stability with very low dispersion (deviations &lt; 0.05 dB for the IL and &lt; 0.6 dB for the isolation over the entire wafer and frequency range). An accurate electrical equivalent circuit, modeling the SPDT in the DC‐65 GHz frequency band, has allowed to extract a contact resistance which is as low as 1.4 Ω. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:333–335, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27330
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, PH, AND DIFFERENT SOLUBILIZING AGENTS ON STABILITY OF TAXOL (2005)

Inabilities to attain adequate aqueous solubility and stability have made the preparation of a clinically suitable formulation of taxol difficult. Addition of nicotinamide (ND), 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPsCD), polyethylene glycol, (PEG), bile salts (BS, 50:50 sodium cholate: deoxycholate), and cremophor EL can improve the solubility of taxol. Studies were undertaken to compare the stability of taxol in HPsCD (20%), ND (20%), PEG (20%), BS (20%), and cremophor EL (cremophor: ethanol 0.5% of each) solutions at 25, 37, 50, and 60 o C. Taxol concentration was measured by HPLC method. The rate of degradation proceeded in a Log-linear fashion and increased progressively with the elevation of temperature in all solutions except in HPβCD which taxol had negligible degradation. In the absence of added agents, taxol exhibited the lowest and highest stability at pH 1.2 and 4.5, respectively. Taxol was most stable in HPβCD followed by PEG and then ND. The stability of taxol increased linearly with the HPβCD concentration (0-5% w/v). Due to the observed improved stability and solubility, HPβCD may be considered for pharmaceutical studies as a suitable stabilizer for formulation of taxol.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of ZnO-Coated LiNi[sub 0.5]Mn[sub 1.5]O[sub 4] Spinel as 5 V Cathode Material for Lithium Secondary Batteries (2002)

ZnO-coated powders with excellent electrochemical cyclability and structural stability at elevated temperature have been synthesized by a sol-gel method. The structural degradation of the as-prepared and ZnO-coated electrodes before and after cycling in the 5 V region has been studied. The ZnO-coated electrode showed almost no capacity loss and retained its original cubic spinel structure after 50 cycles. We found that ZnO played an important role in reducing the HF content in the electrolyte solution. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Self-Interference Channel Measurements Utilizing mmWave Phased Arrays for Full-Duplex IAB Scenario (2022)

This paper reports the measurement results of self-interference radio channels in a street-parallel lamppost scenario. This scenario is an envisioned deployment scenario for the integrated-access-and-backhaul use case. To emulate the access and backhaul air interfaces of an integrated-access-and-backhaul node, we perform measurements by means of two $8 \times 8$ phased arrays and a 20-dBi standard horn antenna. Additionally, the measurement setup comprised a vector network analyzer that was used to sweep 2 GHz bandwidth centered around 27.5 GHz carrier frequency. Each phased array emitted 50 dBm equivalent isotropically radiated power and swept an azimuth 120° plane by 21 beams (6° beam spatial resolution). The measured self-interference channel power-delay profiles have revealed the dependency of the backscatter self-interference channel with respect to beamforming direction – in azimuth and elevation – between the access and the backhaul air interfaces. Furthermore, we experimentally observed from measurements that the phased array beamforming drastically impacts the self-interference radio channel mutual-coupling-based segment.
Supplementary Data from Ranpirnase (Frog RNase) Targeted with a Humanized, Internalizing, Anti–Trop-2 Antibody Has Potent Cytotoxicity against Diverse Epithelial Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Data from Ranpirnase (Frog RNase) Targeted with a Humanized, Internalizing, Anti–Trop-2 Antibody Has Potent Cytotoxicity against Diverse Epithelial Cancer Cells
Integrated genomic characterization of oesophageal carcinoma (2020)

Oesophageal cancers are prominent worldwide; however, there are few targeted therapies and survival rates for these cancers remain dismal. Here we performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of 164 carcinomas of the oesophagus derived from Western and Eastern populations. Beyond known histopathological and epidemiologic distinctions, molecular features differentiated oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas from oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas resembled squamous carcinomas of other organs more than they did oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Our analyses identified three molecular subclasses of oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas, but none showed evidence for an aetiological role of human papillomavirus. Squamous cell carcinomas showed frequent genomic amplifications of CCND1 and SOX2 and/or TP63, whereas ERBB2, VEGFA and GATA4 and GATA6 were more commonly amplified in adenocarcinomas. Oesophageal adenocarcinomas strongly resembled the chromosomally unstable variant of gastric adenocarcinoma, suggesting that these cancers could be considered a single disease entity. However, some molecular features, including DNA hypermethylation, occurred disproportionally in oesophageal adenocarcinomas. These data provide a framework to facilitate more rational categorization of these tumours and a foundation for new therapies.
Straylight analysis of the external baffle of COROT (2017)

The COROT mission is part of the program "mini-satellite" of CNES (French space agency). It implies international cooperation between European institutes and research centres. COROT aims to perform astroseismology observations and to detect exoplanets. Long duration observations of stars will be used to detect periodic variations with an afocal telescope followed by a dioptric objective and 4 CCDs. These very small variations can be caused by star seismic activities (about 10<sup>-6</sup> variation of signal) or transits of planets (few 10<sup>-4</sup> variation of signal). Due to the orbit of the spacecraft (low altitude polar orbit) and even if the observations are performed in a direction perpendicular to orbit plane, the measurements can be disturbed by the straylight reflected by the earth (albedo) that can generate a periodic perturbation. The paper details the overall optical design of the baffle. The baffle modelling and straylight computation methods are described and the expected performances are discussed.