gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blockade of TGF-β inhibits mammary tumor cell viability, migration, and metastases (2002)

TGF-betas are potent inhibitors of epithelial cell proliferation. However, in established carcinomas, autocrine/paracrine TGF-beta interactions can enhance tumor cell viability and progression. Thus, we studied the effect of a soluble Fc:TGF-beta type II receptor fusion protein (Fc:TbetaRII) on transgenic and transplantable models of breast cancer metastases. Systemic administration of Fc:TbetaRII did not alter primary mammary tumor latency in MMTV-Polyomavirus middle T antigen transgenic mice. However, Fc:TbetaRII increased apoptosis in primary tumors, while reducing tumor cell motility, intravasation, and lung metastases. These effects correlated with inhibition of Akt activity and FKHRL1 phosphorylation. Fc:TbetaRII also inhibited metastases from transplanted 4T1 and EMT-6 mammary tumors in syngeneic BALB/c mice. Tumor microvessel density in a mouse dorsal skin window chamber was unaffected by Fc:TbetaRII. Therefore, blockade of TGF-beta signaling may reduce tumor cell viability and migratory potential and represents a testable therapeutic approach against metastatic carcinomas.
Shigella IpaH7.8 E3 ubiquitin ligase targets glomulin and activates inflammasomes to demolish macrophages (2014)

When nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) sense cytosolic-invading bacteria, they induce the formation of inflammasomes and initiate an innate immune response. In quiescent cells, inflammasome activity is tightly regulated to prevent excess inflammation and cell death. Many bacterial pathogens provoke inflammasome activity and induce inflammatory responses, including cell death, by delivering type III secreted effectors, the rod component flagellin, and toxins. Recent studies indicated that Shigella deploy multiple mechanisms to stimulate NLR inflammasomes through type III secretion during infection. Here, we show that Shigella induces rapid macrophage cell death by delivering the invasion plasmid antigen H7.8 (IpaH7.8) enzyme 3 (E3) ubiquitin ligase effector via the type III secretion system, thereby activating the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and NLR family CARD domain-containing 4 (NLRC4) inflammasomes and caspase-1 and leading to macrophage cell death in an IpaH7.8 E3 ligase-dependent manner. Mice infected with Shigella possessing IpaH7.8, but not with Shigella possessing an IpaH7.8 E3 ligase-null mutant, exhibited enhanced bacterial multiplication. We defined glomulin/flagellar-associated protein 68 (GLMN) as an IpaH7.8 target involved in IpaH7.8 E3 ligase-dependent inflammasome activation. This protein originally was identified through its association with glomuvenous malformations and more recently was described as a member of a Cullin ring ligase inhibitor. Modifying GLMN levels through overexpression or knockdown led to reduced or augmented inflammasome activation, respectively. Macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide/ATP induced GLMN puncta that localized with the active form of caspase-1. Macrophages from GLMN(+/-) mice were more responsive to inflammasome activation than those from GLMN(+/+) mice. Together, these results highlight a unique bacterial adaptation that hijacks inflammasome activation via interactions between IpaH7.8 and GLMN.
Performance Requirements for Terabit-Class Silicon Photonic Links Based on Cascaded Microring Resonators (2019)

The electrical interconnects in high performance computing (HPC) systems are reaching their bandwidth capacities in supporting data-intensive applications. Currently, communication between compute nodes through these interconnects is the main bottleneck for overall HPC system performance. Optical interconnects based on the emerging silicon photonics (SiP) platform are considered to be a promising replacement to boost the speed of the data transfer with reduced cost and energy consumption compared to electrical interconnects. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of a comb source microring-based SiP link architecture with p-i-n photodetectors. In particular, we direct our focus on improved grating coupler and bus waveguide designs to reduce the link power penalties. Additionally, we map the required performance from the comb laser to provide an aggregated data rate of 1 Tbps under the constraints of free spectral range (FSR) and nonlinearities of the microring resonators (MRRs). We show that a select few comb configurations satisfy these requirements, and energy consumption as low as 3 pJ/bit is achievable.
Non-cell autonomous choroid plexus-derived sAPPα regulates adult hippocampus proliferation and plasticity (2019)

bioRxiv preprint
Reconstitution of a metastatic-resistant tumor microenvironment with cancer-associated fibroblasts enables metastasis (2017)

The tumor microenvironment is critical for metastasis to occur. Subcutaneous xenografts of tumors in immunodeficient mice are usually encapsulated and rarely metastasize as opposed to orthotopic tumors which metastasize if the original tumor was metastatic. In the present report, we were able to reconstitute a metastatic tumor microenvironment by subcutaneously co-transplanting a human cervical cancer cell line and human cervical cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), in athymic mice, which resulted in lymph node metastasis in 40% of the animals. In contrast, no metastasis occurred from the cervical cancer without CAFs. These results suggest that CAFs can overcome an anti-metastatic tumor environment and are a potential target to prevent metastasis.
Dietary destabilisation of the balance between the microbiota and the colonic mucus barrier (2018)

It has long been acknowledged that dietary fibres are important to maintain a healthy gut. Over the past decade, several studies have shown that loss of complex polysaccharides from the Western diet has resulted in alterations to our colonic microbiota. The concurrent increase in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in the Western world has driven us to explore the potential mechanistic link between diet, the microbiota and the host defence systems that normally prevent inflammation. Using mice fed a low fibre Western-style diet and robust live tissue analytical methods we have now provided evidence that this diet impairs the colonic inner mucus layer that normally separates bacteria from host cells. Western societies urgently need to develop their understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the diet-microbiota-mucus axis and its implications for inflammatory diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Method for the Reductive Cleavage of the Sulfide Bond in Xanthates. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparison between propagation measurements and coverage prediction models for small urban cells (2002)

This article presents the results of a propagation measurements campaign for cellular mobile systems coverage characterization in small urban areas. A specific mobile laboratory was assembled for these measurements and the results are compared with the most known coverage prediction models. The results have shown that the received signal do not drop as the models predict and the dependence of point-to-point models on the reticulation size.
Incessant tachycardia in a patient with advanced heart failure and left ventricular assist device: What is the mechanism? (2016)

We present a case of incessant wide-complex tachycardia in a patient with left-ventricular assist device, and discuss the differential diagnosis with an in-depth analysis of the intracardiac tracings during the invasive electrophysiologic study, including interpretation of the relative timing of the fascicular signals during tachycardia and in sinus rhythm, and interpretation of pacing and entrainment maneuvers.
Il ruolo del carbon paper come substrato-collettore di corrente in anodi a base di stagno per batterie litio-ione (2005)

Le strategie dei composti intermetallici e della conversione morfologica verso i nanomateriali per contrastare le variazioni di volume durante i processi di litiazione/delitiazione delle leghe litio-metallo, sebbene abbiano apportato notevoli benefici, non hanno ancora risolto questo problema che costituisce una forte limitazione all’impiego di tali materiali nelle batterie litio-ione.&#13;\nPer migliorare le prestazioni in termini di vita di ciclo delle leghe nanometriche litio-metallo abbiamo considerato il materiale elettrodico come un tutto con il suo collettore di corrente ed abbiamo focalizzato la nostra attenzione sul carbon paper (CP) proponendolo come substrato-collettore alternativo al rame comunemente usato. Il CP, con la sua matrice tridimensionale di fibre conduttrici interconnesse, si è dimostrato in grado di ospitare Sn e composti intermetallici a base di Sn e di garantire un buon contatto elettrico senza l’aggiunta di carbone come additivo conduttore, fornendo una stabilità a ripetuti cicli di carica/scarica significativamente più elevata di quella ottenuta con i collettori di rame.&#13;\nPer chiarire l’effettivo ruolo del CP sulla stabilità a ripetuti cicli di litiazione/delitiazione di elettrodi a base di Sn su tali collettori abbiamo confrontato il comportamento elettrochimico e strutturale durante ripetuti cicli di diversi tipi di elettrodo quali Sn/CP, Cu6Sn5/CP e Sn2Mn/CP e i risultati di questo studio sono presentati e discussi nel presente contributo.
3D airflow velocity vector sensor (2011)

In this paper, we propose a sensor for measuring the three-dimensional (3D) velocity vector of airflows. The sensor, which was a 10 mm spherical figure, had a laminated structure with three channels fabricated inside. The components of the airflow velocity vector were measured respectively by three piezo-resistive cantilevers fabricated in each of the three channels. Experiments with a wind tunnel demonstrated that our sensor can measure not only the velocity amplitude but the 3D velocity direction as well.
Seat Influences on Female Neck Responses in Rear Crashes: A Reason Why Women Have Higher Whiplash Rates (2003)

Since the earliest crash investigations, whiplash has been found to occur more often in women than men. This study addresses seat properties that may explain a reason for the higher rates in women, and changes in whiplash in general over the past two decades. Three exemplar seats were defined on the basis of seat stiffness (k) and frame rotation stiffness (j) for rearward occupant load. Stiff seats have k=40 kN/m and j=1.8 degrees /kN representing a foreign benchmark loaded by a male. One yielding seat had k=20 kN/m and j=1.4 degrees /kN simulating a high-retention seat (1997 Grand Prix) and another k=20 kN/m and j=3.4 degrees /kN simulating a 1980s to 1990s yielding seat (1990 Buick Park Avenue). Constant vehicle acceleration for 100 msec gave delta-V of 6, 10, 16, and 24 km/h. The one-dimensional model included a torso mass loading the seatback with flexible neck and head mass. Based on biomechanical data and scaling, neck stiffness was 5 kN/m and 3 kN/m for the male and female, respectively. Based on validation tests, seat stiffness was 25% less with the female. Occupant dynamics were simulated in a step-forward solution based on the differential displacement between the head, torso, and seat up to head restraint contact. Neck responses were 30% higher in the female than male through most of the rear impact and are proportional to (kF/mTF)/(kM/mTM), which is the ratio of seat stiffness divided by torso mass for the female and male. Neck displacements were higher with the stiff seat than the 1990 C car seat for both the female and male. They peaked at 10 km/h and dropped off for higher severity crashes due to the shorter time to head contact. Neck displacements were greater in the female than male for the lowest severity crashes with the stiff and 1990 C car seats, when displacement was scaled for equal tolerance. The female in 1997 W car seat had the lowest neck displacements. Stiff seats increased neck displacements over the yielding seats of the 1980s in rear crashes. The trend is similar in men and women, but early neck displacements are greater in women because of a higher ratio of seat stiffness to torso mass. This implies that seat stiffness is not sufficiently low in proportion to the female mass in comparison to males. The j and k seat properties influence neck biomechanics and occupant dynamics, but k is important in determining early response differences between males and females.
Purification of 1,3‐β‐d‐glucan synthase activity from pea tissue (1994)

From pea plasma membranes isolated by aqueous polymer two-phase partitioning we have purified 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase [glucan synthase-II (GS-II) or callose synthase], an enzyme that several reports have suggested consists of between six and nine different subunits. The procedure involves (a) preliminary removal of peripheral proteins by 0.1% digitonin; (b) solubilization of GS-II with 0.5% digitonin; (c) precipitation of activity-irrelevant proteins from the digitonin extract by Ca2+, spermine and cellobiose, which are GS-II effectors needed in step (d); (d) product entrapment by formation of 1,3-beta-D-glucan from UDP-Glc by GS-II in the presence of the mentioned effectors, followed by centrifugal sedimentation of product micelles and elution of proteins therefrom with buffer; (e) preparative isoelectric focusing (IEF) of product-entrapped proteins; and (f) glycerol gradient centrifugation of the fractions of peak GS-II activity from IEF. The procedure yields 300-fold enrichment of GS-II specific activity over that in isolated plasma membranes, and 5500-fold over that in the original homogenate. Out of approximately six principal polypeptides that occur after the product entrapment step, the glycerol gradient GS-II activity peak contains only two major polypeptides, one of 55 kDa and another of 70 kDa, plus minor amounts of one or two others whose distribution and occurrence indicate are not responsible for GS-II activity. Antisera against either the 55-kDa or the 70-kDa polypeptide adsorb more than 60% of the GS-II activity from a product-entrapped preparation. After native gel electrophoresis, GS-II activity is associated with a single protein band of very large molecular mass, whose principal components are the 55-kDa and 70-kDa polypeptides, accompanied by minor amounts of a few other polypeptides most of which do not occur in enzyme preparations purified by the previously described procedure. The 55-kDa but not the 70-kDa component can be labeled by ultraviolet irradiation of the plasma membranes in the presence of [alpha-32P]UDP-Glc under GS-II assay conditions. It seems likely, therefore, that the 55-kDa and 70-kDa polypeptides form a large catalytic complex of which the 55-kDa component is the UDP-Glc-binding subunit.
Digital holographic microscopy: a new optical imaging technique to investigate cellular dynamics (2006)

We have developed a digital holographic microscope (DHM), in a transmission mode, adapted to the quantitative study of cellular dynamics. Living cells are optically probed by measuring the phase shift they produce on the transmitted wave front. The high temporal stability of the phase signal, equivalent to &#955;/1800, and the low acquisition time (down to 20 &#956;s) enables to monitor cellular dynamics processes. An experimental procedure allowing to calculate both the intracellular refractive index and the cellular thickness (morphometry) from the measured phase shift is presented.
Understanding the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients With Cancer, Their Caregivers, and Health Care Workers in Singapore (2020)

Fears and anxiety related to COVID-19 are high. Burnout among HCWs is similar to rates reported prepandemic. An individualized approach to target the specific fears of each group will be crucial to maintain the well-being of these vulnerable groups and prevent burnout of HCWs.
Accuracy of Transthoracic Lung Ultrasound for Diagnosing Anesthesia-induced Atelectasis in Children (2014)

LUS is an accurate, safe, and simple bedside method for diagnosing anesthesia-induced atelectasis in children.
Tracking the same fast-LGSO crystals by changing surface treatments for better coincidence timing resolution in PET (2023)

Achieving fast coincidence timing resolution (CTR) is an important issue in clinical time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) to improve the reconstructed image quality. One of the major factors affecting the CTR is the crystal surface treatment, which is often parameterized as surface roughness. However, previous studies on the crystal surface treatment optimization had two limitations of crystal-by-crystal variation and worse CTR over 200 ps. Here, we report the effects of the crystal surface treatment on the performance of a 20 mm long fast-LGSO crystal based TOF detector by tracking the same crystals in the sub-180 ps CTR regime. The light collection efficiency (LCE), energy resolution (ER) and CTR of the TOF detector were evaluated with six different crystal surface treatments of chemically polished (C.P), C.P half side roughened (1/2S) treatment, and then the C.P one side roughened (1S) treatment, mechanically polished (M.P) treatment, M.P 1/2S treatment, and M.P 1S treatment. The four lateral surfaces of each crystal were wrapped by using enhanced specular reflector film while the top surface was covered by using Teflon tape. The bottom surface of the crystal was optically coupled to a silicon photomultiplier. The timing and energy signals were extracted by using a custom-made high-frequency readout circuit, and then digitized by using a waveform digitizer. All the experimental conditions were same except the crystal surface treatment. Among the six different crystal surface treatments, the M.P 1S would be the optimal crystal surface treatment which balanced enhancements in the CTR (165 ± 3 ps) and ER (10.5 ± 0.5%). Unlike the M.P 1S, the C.P 1S did not enhance the CTR and ER. Hence, the C.P without roughening would be the second-best optimal crystal surface treatment which balanced the CTR (169 ± 3 ps) and ER (10.5 ± 0.5%).
Abstract B28: Autotaxin, LPA1 and LPA5 receptors in the tumor microenvironment determine melanoma invasion and metastasis (2015)

Abstract Autotaxin (ATX), a lysophospholipase D that generates the growth factor-like mediator lysophosphatidic acid LPA, is up-regulated in metastatic and chemotherapy-resistant carcinomas. Many cancer cells secrete ATX, and it contributes to their invasive properties. The biological functions of ATX are mediated by LPA acting on G protein-coupled receptors (LPAR1-8). Many cancers overexpress multiple subtypes of LPAR and the overexpression of LPAR leads to malignant transformation, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. We have previously shown that knockdown of ATX expression in B16F10 melanoma cells decreased tumor invasion in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. In our present study, we sought to understand the roles of LPAR both in the tumor cells and stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment. B16F10 melanoma cells predominantly express the LPA5 receptor. We found that these cells do not invade across a matrigel layer in response to LPA. shRNA knockdown of LPA5 receptors in B16F10 attenuates this inhibition, suggesting that the LPA5 receptor acts as an anti-invasive receptor in these tumor cells. Interestingly, we identified a different role for host LPA5 receptor. We found that the incidence of B16F10 lung metastasis was significantly reduced in the LPA5 knockout mice compared to wild type mice. In addition, LPA1 knockout mice also showed diminished B16F10 lung metastasis suggesting that host LPA1 and LPA5 receptors play critical roles in the seeding of metastasis. The decrease in tumor cell residence in the lungs of these knockout animals was apparent at 24 hours after injection. However, deletion of LPA1 or LPA5 did not affect the subcutaneous growth of B16F10 tumors. In summary, our results suggest that LPAR, in particular LPA5 and LPA1 receptors in tumor and stromal cells may play different roles in invasion and the seeding of metastasis. Citation Format: Sue-Chin Lee, Yuko Fujiwara, Jianxiong Liu, Junming Yue, Ryoko Tsukahara, Erzsebet Szabo, Renukadevi Patil, Duane D. Miller, Louisa Balazs, Tamas Oravecz, Gabor J. Tigyi. Autotaxin, LPA1 and LPA5 receptors in the tumor microenvironment determine melanoma invasion and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B28. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B28
Dermal Neurovascular Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes (2001)

These observations suggest that dermal neurovascular function is largely regulated by peripheral C-fiber neurons and that dysregulation may be a component of the metabolic syndrome associated with type 2 diabetes.
IgM anti-DNA antibody and C1q Immune complexes regulate the production of Interferon-α in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (159.26) (2012)

Abstract Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of tolerance to autoantigens, and to DNA in particular. Although Immune complexes (ICs) of IgG anti-DNA antibodies are pathogenic, IgM anti-DNA antibodies in SLE are protective. The mechanism responsible for the protective effect of IgM anti-DNA antibody is unclear. We found that a monoclonal IgM anti-DNA antibody cooperated with C1q to suppress interferon (IFN)-α production by plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). We tested the effects of the antibody on bone marrow-derived pDCs from wild type (WT) and C1q knockout (KO) mice. Interestingly, the absence of C1q significantly enhanced the production of IFN-α induced by IgM anti-DNA antibody. The inhibitory effect of C1q was confirmed using in vivo generated pDCs or in vitro generated pDCs under serum-free conditions. Exogenous C1q suppressed IFN-α transcription in both WT and C1q KO pDCs. Moreover, we identified leukocyte-associated inhibitory receptor (LAIR)-1 as a potential receptor for C1q. Fluorescence labeled C1q strongly bound to pDCs which were highly expressing LAIR-1. LAIR-1 is a collagen receptor containing two ITIMs; its cross-linking with antibody inhibits IFN-a production by pDCs stimulated with DNA containing ICs. In summary, protective IgM anti-DNA antibody/C1q complexes inhibit unwanted IFN-α production through binding to LAIR-1.