gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HighpTnonphotonic electron production inp+pcollisions ats=200  GeV (2011)

We present the measurement of nonphotonic electron production at high transverse momentum (${p}_{T}&gt;2.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/c$) in $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ using data recorded during 2005 and 2008 by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured cross sections from the two runs are consistent with each other despite a large difference in photonic background levels due to different detector configurations. We compare the measured nonphotonic electron cross sections with previously published RHIC data and perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculations. Using the relative contributions of B and D mesons to nonphotonic electrons, we determine the integrated cross sections of electrons ($\frac{{e}^{+}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}}{2}$) at $3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/c&lt;{p}_{T}&lt;10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/c$ from bottom and charm meson decays to be $[(d{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{(B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e)+(B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e)})/(d{y}_{e}){]}_{{y}_{e}=0}=4.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1(\mathrm{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nb}$ and $[(d{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e})/(d{y}_{e}){]}_{{y}_{e}=0}=6.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5(\mathrm{syst})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nb}$, respectively.
Comparison of Efficacies of RWJ-270201, Zanamivir, and Oseltamivir against H5N1, H9N2, and Other Avian Influenza Viruses (2001)

The orally administered neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor RWJ-270201 was tested in parallel with zanamivir and oseltamivir against a panel of avian influenza viruses for inhibition of NA activity and replication in tissue culture. The agents were then tested for protection of mice against lethal H5N1 and H9N2 virus infection. In vitro, RWJ-270201 was highly effective against all nine NA subtypes. NA inhibition by RWJ-270201 (50% inhibitory concentration, 0.9 to 4.3 nM) was superior to that by zanamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate. RWJ-270201 inhibited the replication of avian influenza viruses of both Eurasian and American lineages in MDCK cells (50% effective concentration, 0.5 to 11.8 microM). Mice given 10 mg of RWJ-270201 per kg of body weight per day were completely protected against lethal challenge with influenza A/Hong Kong/156/97 (H5N1) and A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (H9N2) viruses. Both RWJ-270201 and oseltamivir significantly reduced virus titers in mouse lungs at daily dosages of 1.0 and 10 mg/kg and prevented the spread of virus to the brain. When treatment began 48 h after exposure to H5N1 virus, 10 mg of RWJ-270201/kg/day protected 50% of mice from death. These results suggest that RWJ-270201 is at least as effective as either zanamivir or oseltamivir against avian influenza viruses and may be of potential clinical use for treatment of emerging influenza viruses that may be transmitted from birds to humans.
Quality of care for gout in the US needs improvement (2007)

Suboptimal physician adherence to QIs was seen for all 3 QIs tested in this cohort of veterans with gout. These findings can guide quality improvement efforts.
Thickness, strain, and temperature-dependent properties of barium strontium titanate thin films (2003)

Barium strontium titanate thin films prepared by MOCVD with Pt top and bottom electrodes have been investigated as a function of film thickness between 15 and 600 nm. Macroscopic temperature- and field-dependent electrical properties have been measured for the set of BST films with consistent composition and microstructure. All films are predominantly 001 oriented, have a fiber-textured microstructure, exhibit loss tangent values less than 0.01 (above T/sub max/), and have negligible dielectric dispersion between 10/sup 3/ and 10/sup 6/ Hz. With decreasing film thickness, the permittivity, the transition temperature, and the electrical tunability are reduced. This reduction in properties is accompanied by an increasingly diffuse ferroelectric transition. Using a lift-off process developed at NCSU the BST thin films (with bottom electrodes) have been removed from the substrates. After substrate removal, the films were characterized both electrically, i.e., the temperature dependence of the permittivity, and structurally, i.e., precision lattice constant measurements. These "substrateless" measurements were compared to the as deposited data, and the differences between the two data sets are believed to be related to the effects of residual strain. In general, with substrate removal, the permittivity values and transition temperatures increase. X-ray measurements reveal a release of approximately 0.1% strain in a direction parallel to the measurement axis (normal to the substrate). The electrical data and strain data are considered within the context of measurements and models for the behavior of ferroelectric crystals under the influence of an applied equi-biaxial stress.
Hyperbolic Dispersion Arising from Anisotropic Excitons in Two-Dimensional Perovskites (2018)

Excitations of free electrons and optical phonons are known to permit access to the negative real part of relative permittivities (ϵ^{'}<0) that yield strong light-matter interactions. However, negative ϵ^{'} arising from excitons has been much less explored. Via development of a dielectric-coating based technique described herein, we report fundamental optical properties of two-dimensional hybrid perovskites (2DHPs), composed of alternating layers of inorganic and organic sublattices. Low members of 2DHPs (N=1 and N=2) exhibit negative ϵ^{'} stemming from the large exciton binding energy and sizable oscillator strength. Furthermore, hyperbolic dispersion (i.e., ϵ^{'} changes sign with directions) occurs in the visible range, which has been previously achieved only with artificial metamaterials. Such naturally occurring, exotic dispersion stems from the extremely anisotropic excitonic behaviors of 2DHPs, and can intrinsically support a large photonic density of states. We suggest that several other van der Waals solids may exhibit similar behaviors arising from excitonic response.
Continuous Phase Modulation for Fiber-Optic Links (2011)

Advances in photonics, silicon electronics and digital signal processing (DSP) have converged to enable highly efficient transmission across fiber optic channels. Single wavelength data rates of 112 Gb/s are sought for wide deployment based on QPSK transmission, coherent detection, and digital demodulation. Here we examine continuous phase modulation (CPM) as a means to enhance performance and reach of coherent optical links. We quantify the robustness of the constant amplitude CPM format to spectral filtering and nonlinearities in comparison to QPSK. The challenges of generating and receiving the CPM waveform are considered and a novel CPM transmitter architecture is proposed.
Concatenated Coding for Binary Partial-Response Channels (2005)

Concatenation of outer conventional rate-k/sub c//n/sub c/c binary convolutional coding with inner rate-k/n special trellis coding for binary partial-response 1-D channels is investigated. In the considered scheme, the code sequence generated by the convolutional code is time-interleaved prior to trellis encoding. Decoding for the outer convolutional code takes into account the reliability of individual code symbols provided by the inner trellis-decoding stage. The trellis code is designed to achieve large minimum Euclidean distance. The reliability of the decoded symbols is obtained in a computationally efficient way. The construction of the trellis code is based on the partitioning of a set of noiseless channel-output sequences into subsets which are assigned to the branches of a combined encoder and channel trellis. An algorithm for constructing the subsets of channel-output sequences is discussed. Trellis codes with various rates, minimum distances, and complexities are described and the performance achieved by concatenation with different convolutional codes is presented. It is shown that substantial coding gains can be achieved by this method as compared to the maximum-likelihood sequence detection of uncoded binary signals.
A Novel Inhibitor of Gyrase B Is a Potent Drug Candidate for Treatment of Tuberculosis and Nontuberculosis Mycobacterial Infections (2014)

New drugs to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis are urgently needed. Extensively drug-resistant and probably the totally drug-resistant tuberculosis strains are resistant to fluoroquinolones like moxifloxacin, which target gyrase A, and most people infected with these strains die within a year. In this study, we found that a novel aminobenzimidazole, VXc-486, which targets gyrase B, potently inhibits multiple drug-sensitive isolates and drug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro (MICs of 0.03 to 0.30 μg/ml and 0.08 to 5.48 μg/ml, respectively) and reduces mycobacterial burdens in lungs of infected mice in vivo. VXc-486 is active against drug-resistant isolates, has bactericidal activity, and kills intracellular and dormant M. tuberculosis bacteria in a low-oxygen environment. Furthermore, we found that VXc-486 inhibits the growth of multiple strains of Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium kansasii (MICs of 0.1 to 2.0 μg/ml), as well as that of several strains of Nocardia spp. (MICs of 0.1 to 1.0 μg/ml). We made a direct comparison of the parent compound VXc-486 and a phosphate prodrug of VXc-486 and showed that the prodrug of VXc-486 had more potent killing of M. tuberculosis than did VXc-486 in vivo. In combination with other antimycobacterial drugs, the prodrug of VXc-486 sterilized M. tuberculosis infection when combined with rifapentine-pyrazinamide and bedaquiline-pyrazinamide in a relapse infection study in mice. Furthermore, the prodrug of VXc-486 appeared to perform at least as well as the gyrase A inhibitor moxifloxacin. These findings warrant further development of the prodrug of VXc-486 for the treatment of tuberculosis and nontuberculosis mycobacterial infections.
Brief Report Dexa-BEAM: An Effective Regimen for Cytoreduction Prior to High-Dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Stem Cell Support for Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Mantle-Cell Lymphema (2000)

Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) is not a curable disease using conventional chemotherapy. Patients with MCL have the shortest median time to progression and the shortest median survival of all lymphoma subtypes after first-line treatment. In the present study we determined the efficacy of maximal cytoreductive therapy with up to four cycles of Dexa-BEAM (dexamethasone, carmustine [BCNU], etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan) followed by high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous hematopoietic stem cell support (ASCT) for patients with advanced relapsed or refractory MCL. Nine consecutive patients with relapsed or refractory MCL were included. Three patients had partial remission (PR), three patients progressive disease (PD) upon first line tretment, and three patients first or subsequent relapse. After 2 to four cycles of Dexa-BEAM eight patients achieved complete remission (CR), resulting in a response rate of 88%. Six of 8 patients responding to Dexa-BEAM received high-dose chemotherapy HDCT (BEAM) and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). With a median follow up of 24 months six patients are alive. Five of those six patients are still in contiuous CR (range 13-54 months).
Parametric detection of low-frequency acoustic waves in the nearfield of an arbitrary directional pump transducer (1974)

We analyze by first-order perturbation theory the manner in which a low-frequency acoustic wave and a high-frequency pump beam interact nonlinearly to produce a sum- and a difference-frequency component. Provided that its acoustic beam is well collimated, the pump source can be of arbitrary shape, with arbitrary acoustic distribution over its surface. For the case where the incident low-frequency wave is plane, we derive the following result: To a close approximation, the acoustic particle velocity at the difference frequency is proportional to the product of (a) the velocity potential of the pump beam, calculated at the difference frequency, and (b) the response function, at the low frequency, of an endfire array stretching from the pump source to the plane of a receiver. The result also holds for the sum frequency. We also prove that the result holds—with a modified endfire response function—when the low-frequency source is at a finite distance. For a circular plane piston as pump source, we discuss the achievable directivity in detail; also, we show that focusing the pump beam to obtain a stronger signal can succeed only at the expense of good directivity.
A Dual-Mode 303-Megaframes-per-Second Charge-Domain Time-Compressive Computational CMOS Image Sensor (2022)

An ultra-high-speed computational CMOS image sensor with a burst frame rate of 303 megaframes per second, which is the fastest among the solid-state image sensors, to our knowledge, is demonstrated. This image sensor is compatible with ordinary single-aperture lenses and can operate in dual modes, such as single-event filming mode or multi-exposure imaging mode, by reconfiguring the number of exposure cycles. To realize this frame rate, the charge modulator drivers were adequately designed to suppress the peak driving current taking advantage of the operational constraint of the multi-tap charge modulator. The pixel array is composed of macropixels with 2 × 2 4-tap subpixels. Because temporal compressive sensing is performed in the charge domain without any analog circuit, ultrafast frame rates, small pixel size, low noise, and low power consumption are achieved. In the experiments, single-event imaging of plasma emission in laser processing and multi-exposure transient imaging of light reflections to extend the depth range and to decompose multiple reflections for time-of-flight (TOF) depth imaging with a compression ratio of 8× were demonstrated. Time-resolved images similar to those obtained by the direct-type TOF were reproduced in a single shot, while the charge modulator for the indirect TOF was utilized.
Constant In-Band Group-Delay Acoustic-Wave-Lumped-Element-Resonator-Based Bandpass Filters and Diplexers (2018)

The RF design of acoustic-wave (AW)-resonator-based bandpass filters (BPFs) with constant in-band group delay (τg) and analog transfer-function reconfigurability is presented. The proposed filter concept is based on N identical acoustic-wave-lumped-element resonators (AWLRs) that are electromagnetically coupled through impedance inverters and result in quasi-elliptic-type transfer functions shaped by N poles and 2N transmission zeros (TZs). Unlike conventional ladder-or lattice-type AW-resonator filter configurations, they facilitate: 1) flat in-band τ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> that does not depend on the electromechanical coupling coefficient (k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ) of its constituent AW resonators and does not require the incorporation of lossy elements; 2) passbands with fractional bandwidths (FBWs) that can exceed k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ; and 3) continuous analog-type FBW tuning. The operating principles of the devised concept are presented through two different filter architectures that, respectively, present advantages in terms of size and FBW tuning and are subsequently extended to the design of RF diplexers. They are experimentally verified through the following prototypes: 1) a three-pole/six-TZ BPF that is centered at 418 MHz and exhibits bandwidth (BW) of 0.3 MHz, minimum in-band insertion loss of 2.1 dB (i.e., effective quality factor Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> of 9000), and in-band τ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> between 1.78 ± 0.02 μs; 2) a two-pole/four-TZ BPF with 2.4:1 BW tuning ratio, flat τg, and Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> > 9000; and 3) a flat τg diplexer with two transmission bands centered at 418 and 433.9 MHz.
Theoretical Bounds on Electron Energy Filtering in Disordered Nanomaterials (2019)

This manuscript presents a theoretical model for determining the electron energy filtering properties of nanocomposite materials. Individual nanoparticles can serve as energy filters for tunneling electrons due their discretized energy levels. Nanomaterials comprised of many individual nanoparticles can in principle serve the same purpose, however, particle polydispersity can lead to an additional source of energetic broadening. We describe a simple theoretical model that includes the effects of discrete energy levels and inhomogeneous broadening. We use this model to identify the material parameters needed for effective energy filtering by quantum dot solids.
Influence of nearby obstacles on the feasibility of a Huygens box as a field source (2012)

A method of substituting an electronic module with its Huygens box representation for the purpose of calculating the emitted field is discussed. It is pointed out that nearby obstacles may have harmful effect on the accuracy of such method. This is subsequently proven by performing finite-difference time-domain simulations on a simplified model of a printed circuit board (PCB) with a parallel open-ended cable in the vicinity. A solution to the problem is proposed: inclusion of the reduced model of the module inside the Huygens box, e.g. only the ground plane of the PCB. It is demonstrated that the described solution has the potential to decrease the errors to acceptable levels.
Normal gating of CFTR requires ATP binding to both nucleotide-binding domains and hydrolysis at the second nucleotide-binding domain (2004)

ATP interacts with the two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) of CFTR to control gating. However, it is unclear whether gating involves ATP binding alone, or also involves hydrolysis at each NBD. We introduced phenylalanine residues into nonconserved positions of each NBD Walker A motif to sterically prevent ATP binding. These mutations blocked [alpha-(32)P]8-N(3)-ATP labeling of the mutated NBD and reduced channel opening rate without changing burst duration. Introducing cysteine residues at these positions and modifying with N-ethylmaleimide produced the same gating behavior. These results indicate that normal gating requires ATP binding to both NBDs, but ATP interaction with one NBD is sufficient to support some activity. We also studied mutations of the conserved Walker A lysine residues (K464A and K1250A) that prevent hydrolysis. By combining substitutions that block ATP binding with Walker A lysine mutations, we could differentiate the role of ATP binding vs. hydrolysis at each NBD. The K1250A mutation prolonged burst duration; however, blocking ATP binding prevented the long bursts. These data indicate that ATP binding to NBD2 allowed channel opening and that closing was delayed in the absence of hydrolysis. The corresponding NBD1 mutations showed relatively little effect of preventing ATP hydrolysis but a large inhibition of blocking ATP binding. These data suggest that ATP binding to NBD1 is required for normal activity but that hydrolysis has little effect. Our results suggest that both NBDs contribute to channel gating, NBD1 binds ATP but supports little hydrolysis, and ATP binding and hydrolysis at NBD2 are key for normal gating.
Overall tumor genomic instability: an important predictor of recurrence-free survival in patients with localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2020)

Measurement of a tumor's overall genomic instability has gathered recent interest over the identification of specific genomic imbalances, as it may provide a more robust measure of tumor aggressiveness. Here we demonstrate the association of tumor genomic instability in the prediction of disease recurrence in patients with clinically localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Genomic copy number analysis was performed using SNP-based microarrays on tumors from 103 ccRCC patients. The number of copy number alterations (CNAs) for each tumor was calculated, and a genomic imbalance threshold (GIT) associated with high stage and high-grade disease was determined. Cox proportional hazards regression analyzes were performed to assess the effect of GIT on recurrence-free survival adjusting for known confounders. In the cohort, copy number losses in chromosome arms 3p, 14q, 6q, 9p, and 1p and gains of 5q and 7p/q were common. CNA burden significantly increased with increasing stage (<i>p</i> < .001) and grade (<i>p</i> < .001). The median CNA burden associated with patients presenting with advanced stage (IV) and high-grade (III/IV) tumors was ≥9, defining the GIT. On regression analysis, GIT was a superior predictor of recurrence (Hazard Ratio 4.44 [CI 1.36-14.48], <i>p</i> = .01) independent of stage, with similar results adjusting for grade. These findings were confirmed using an alternative measure of genomic instability, weighted Genomic Integrity Index. Our data support a key role for genomic instability in ccRCC progression. More importantly, we have identified a GIT (≥ 9 CNAs) that is a superior and independent predictor of disease recurrence in high-risk ccRCC patients.
ChemInform Abstract: ReO2Cl(S2O7), a Molecular Disulfate. (2012)

Abstract The title compound is synthesized from a solution of ReCl 5 in oleum containing 65% SO 3 (150 °C, 48 h).
Summary of evidence-based guideline: Complementary and alternative medicine in multiple sclerosis (2014)

Clinicians might offer oral cannabis extract for spasticity symptoms and pain (excluding central neuropathic pain) (Level A). Clinicians might offer tetrahydrocannabinol for spasticity symptoms and pain (excluding central neuropathic pain) (Level B). Clinicians should counsel patients that these agents are probably ineffective for objective spasticity (short-term)/tremor (Level B) and possibly effective for spasticity and pain (long-term) (Level C). Clinicians might offer Sativex oromucosal cannabinoid spray (nabiximols) for spasticity symptoms, pain, and urinary frequency (Level B). Clinicians should counsel patients that these agents are probably ineffective for objective spasticity/urinary incontinence (Level B). Clinicians might choose not to offer these agents for tremor (Level C). Clinicians might counsel patients that magnetic therapy is probably effective for fatigue and probably ineffective for depression (Level B); fish oil is probably ineffective for relapses, disability, fatigue, MRI lesions, and quality of life (QOL) (Level B); ginkgo biloba is ineffective for cognition (Level A) and possibly effective for fatigue (Level C); reflexology is possibly effective for paresthesia (Level C); Cari Loder regimen is possibly ineffective for disability, symptoms, depression, and fatigue (Level C); and bee sting therapy is possibly ineffective for relapses, disability, fatigue, lesion burden/volume, and health-related QOL (Level C). Cannabinoids may cause adverse effects. Clinicians should exercise caution regarding standardized vs nonstandardized cannabis extracts and overall CAM quality control/nonregulation. Safety/efficacy of other CAM/CAM interaction with MS disease-modifying therapies is unknown.