gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infrared switching electrochromic devices based on tungsten oxide (2000)

Different types of electrochromic devices for thermal emittance modulation were developed in the spectral region from mid- to far-infrared (2–40 μm). In all devices polycrystalline and amorphous tungsten oxide have been used as electrochromic and ion storage layer, respectively. Two types of all-solid-state devices were designed, one with a metal grid for the top and bottom electrode deposited on a highly emissive glass substrate, and another with a top metal grid electrode and a highly reflecting bottom metal electrode layer. Tantalum oxide is used as an ion conductor in both device types. The third device type consists of a polymeric ion conductor. All solid-state constituent layers were grown by either reactive or nonreactive dc or rf magnetron sputtering in a high vacuum environment. Modulation of the emittance is accomplished by reversible insertion of Li ions into polycrystalline WO3 by applying and switching a small voltage across the structure. Spectrally dependent measured reflectance modulation of the device has been used to determine the device emissivity modulation with respect to the blackbody emissivity spectra at 300 K. Best device performance was found in both solid-state devices showing an emissivity modulation of about 20%.
Mechanical Performance of Iron-Based Shape-Memory Alloy Ribbed Bars for Concrete Prestressing (2018)

A ribbed bar with a conventional shape and rib geometry as for\nreinforcing steel but made of a novel iron-based shape-memory\nalloy (Fe-SMA) is investigated regarding its mechanical performance\nas a method for concrete prestressing in the field of retrofitting.\nThe alloy has the specific ability to regain its initial shape\nupon heating at an elevated temperature after having been permanently\ndeformed at ambient temperature. Due to the ribbed surface,\nthe shape recovery of a bar embedded in concrete or other cementitious\nmaterials is hindered. Hence, a tensile stress, generally\nknown as the recovery stress, is generated in the bar itself, resulting\nin a prestress in the concrete. The present campaign aims at\ndemonstrating the main mechanical characteristics of the alloy such\nas its behavior in tension, possible recovery stresses based on the\ninitially applied prestrain and the subsequent maximum activation\ntemperature, as well as stress relaxation for long-term behavior.\nBesides the highly ductile tensile behavior, the alloy exhibits\nprestresses in the range of 250 to 450 MPa (36.2 to 65.2 ksi),\ndepending on the prestraining and activation conditions. Stress relaxation\nlosses in the range of 10% after 1000 hours were observed.
Immunotoxic Effects of Mercuric Compounds on Human Lymphocytes and Monocytes. I. Suppression of T-Cell Activation (1992)

Considerable attention has been directed at defining the health deficits associated with exposure to mercurial compounds. While numerous studies have been conducted, the findings have been somewhat contradictory and have led to a confused understanding of the immunotoxicology of mercury. It is becoming clear, however, that the immunotoxic effects of heavy metals in general, and mercury in particular, are dependent upon the assays and source of cells. The major goal of our study was to assess whether low level mercury exposure modulates human T-cell function. Following treatment of T-cells with HgCl2 (0-1000 ng) and MeHgCl (0-100 ng), their activation by mitogens was evaluated. Both forms of mercury caused a dose dependent reduction in T cell proliferation, however, the effect was dependent upon the presence of monocytes. Moreover, in the absence of monocytes, HgCl2 enhance PMA induced T-cell proliferation. MeHgCl was approximately 5-10 times more potent than HgCl2. Mercury also inhibited the ability of these cells to synthesize and secrete IL-1. Analysis of the expression of activation markers on the cell surface indicated that one of the earliest markers of lymphocyte activation, CD69, was not effected by mercury. In comparison, T-cell expression of IL-2R and the transferrin receptor was impaired. Of particular interest, cells activated by mitogen for 24 hr became refractory to the immunotoxic effects of mercury. The results of this investigation clearly show that mercury-containing compounds are immunomodulatory; moreover, the decrease in T-cell function following exposure to mercury indicates that this metal is immunotoxic at very low exposure levels.
2D Ti3C2Tz MXene Synthesized By Water-Free Etching of Ti3AlC2 in Polar Organic Solvents (2020)

MXene is a recently discovered family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides that have shown a lot of promise in the field of energy storage with applications ranging from high capacity anodes for lithium, sodium, potassium and aluminum ion batteries, supercapacitors and catalysts for hydrogen evolution, among several others. The first MXene ,Ti 3 C 2 T z , discovered in 2011, was synthesized by etching out the ‘Al’ atomic layers from the parent MAX phase, Ti 3 AlC 2 , in a solution of concentrated hydrofluoric acid. Several new ways of synthesizing MXenes at near ambient temperatures, incorporating chemical etching using hydrochloric acid and lithium fluoride and electrochemical etching in varying electrolytes have been developed since 2011. The majority of these etching methods, however, use water as their main solvent limiting direct use of MXenes in water sensitive applications such as Li and Na-ion batteries that use organic electrolytes. In this work, we demonstrate etching and delamination of MXenes in complete absence of water, by using organic polar solvents in the presence of ammonium dihydrogen fluoride. As importantly, we show that that electrodes made from Ti 3 C 2 T z etched in propylene carbonate, resulted in Na-ion battery anodes with twice the capacity to those etched in water. The absence of water during etching also minimized the O and OH terminations relative to F.
EBV‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the elderly: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management (2016)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the elderly is a provisional entity included in the 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms. It is a disease typically seen in the elderly and thought to be associated with chronic EBV infection and severe immunosuppression with a component of immunosenescence. Recent research, however, has suggested that EBV-positive DLBCL can be seen in younger, immunocompetent patients. The diagnosis of EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly is made through a careful pathological evaluation. The differential diagnosis includes infectious mononucleosis (specifically in younger patients), lymphomatoid granulomatosis, Hodgkin lymphoma, and gray zone lymphoma, among others. Detection of EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) is considered standard for diagnosis; however, a clear cutoff for positivity has not been defined. The International Prognostic Index (IPI), and the Oyama score can be used for risk-stratification. The Oyama score includes age >70 years and presence of B symptoms. The expression of CD30 is emerging as a potential adverse, and targetable, prognostic factor. Patients with EBV-positive DLBCL should be staged and managed following similar guidelines than patients with EBV-negative DLBCL. It has been suggested, however, that EBV-positive patients have a worse prognosis than EBV-negative counterparts in the era of chemoimmunotherapy. There is an opportunity to study and develop targeted therapy in the management of patients with EBV-positive DLBCL.
DERIVADOS DEL 2-FURILETILENO INDUCEN LA MUERTE CELULAR PROGRAMADA EN CÉLULAS CHO DE MAMÍFERO (2012)

Aim: to evaluate the morphological and physiological changes induced by the synthesized products G1 and UC245 and the apoptotic process using CHO cell culture. Material and Methods: the Ca2+ uptake, DNA fragmentation in 1,8% agarose gel electrophoresis, nuclear morphology and mitotic index were studied as evidence of programated death cell. Results: the cytosolic Ca2+ increase and DNA fragmentation observed in association with nuclear morphology changes were consistent as molecular mark of apoptosis induced by the 2-furylethylene derivatives studied. Conclusions: these two synthesized products could confirm an inductor effect on apoptotic mechanism of this cell line.
Immunohistochemical Study of Lymphocyte Populations Infiltrating the Gastric Mucosa of Beagle Dogs Experimentally Infected withHelicobacter pylori (2000)

Experimental infection of beagle dogs with Helicobacter pylori induces recruitment to the gastric mucosae of neutrophils at early stages and later of mononuclear cells that organize into lymphoid follicles. These structures become macroscopically evident and consist of peripheral CD4(+) T lymphocytes and central CD21(+) B lymphocytes. Furthermore, transient expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) parallels the presence of neutrophils in the gastric mucosae, whereas expression of IL-6 tends to persist chronically.
Breeding for Genetic Resistance to Disease: Specific or General? (1978)

SummaryAll basic approaches to disease control: eradication, vaccination or medication and improvement of genetic resistance should be considered together in planning an effective programme of disease control. Existence of genetically determined specific disease resistance has been established in both animals and plants. General resistance to disease has been demonstrated in varying degrees in plants, and field observations suggest that it might also exist in animals. General disease resistance is defined as an ability to resist any alteration of the state of the body by external causes which interrupts or disturbs proper performance.Given the multiplicity of existing diseases, improving resistance against each disease separately is impractical. It is suggested that substitution of the concept of “general disease resistance” for “total mortality” could lead to improved effectiveness of selection, providing that adequate methods for measurement of general disease resistance and for its incorporation into breeding plans are developed. Approaches to breeding for general disease resistance and the need for related research are discussed.
Modeling Long‐Term Plutonium Transport in the Savannah River Site Vadose Zone (2007)

Improved understanding of flow and radionuclide transport in vadose zone sediments is fundamental to future planning involving radioactive materials. To that end, long‐term experiments were conducted at the Savannah River Site (SRS), where a series of lysimeters containing sources of different Pu oxidation states were placed in the shallow subsurface and exposed to the environment for 2 to 11 yr. After the experiments, Pu activity concentrations were measured along vertical cores from the lysimeters. Plutonium distributions were anomalous in nature—transport from oxidized Pu sources was less than expected, and a small fraction of Pu from reduced sources moved more. Studies conducted with these lysimeter sediments indicated that surface‐mediated, oxidation–reduction (redox) reactions may be responsible for the anomalies. This hypothesis is tested by performing transient Pu transport simulations that include retardation and first‐order redox reactions on mineral surfaces within a steady‐state flow field. These simulations affirm the consistency of the surface‐mediated, redox hypothesis with observed Pu activity profiles below the source. Such profiles are captured well by a steady‐state, net downward flow model. The redox model explains how Pu(V/VI) sources release activity that moves downward more slowly than expected, and how Pu(III/IV) sources result in a small fraction of activity that moves downward farther than expected. The calibrated parameter values were robust and well defined throughout all simulations. Approximate retardation factors for Pu(V/VI) were 15, and for Pu(III/IV) were 10,000. For these values, k o averaged 2.4 × 10 −7 h −1 ; k r averaged 7.1 × 10 −4 h −1 (standard deviations are 1.6 × 10 −7 h −1 and 1.6 × 10 −4 h −1 respectively).
The Risk of Prostate Cancer Progression in Active Surveillance Patients with Bilateral Disease Detected by Combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Fusion and Systematic Biopsy (2021)

Bilateral disease and prostate specific antigen density at confirmatory Cbx conferred greater risk of earlier AS progression. Cbx was superior to Sbx for identifying bilateral disease. AS risk-stratification protocols may benefit from including presence of bilateral disease and should use Cbx to detect bilateral disease.
Comparison of the Deposition Behavior of Charged Silicon Nanoparticles between Floating and Grounded Substrates (2014)

Nanoparticle-based crystallization has become an important issue since the direct observation of the growth of nanorods or crystals from nanoparticles as the building block in a liquid cell by transmission electron microscopy. The growth of crystals by the fusion or coalescence of nanoparticles requires an unusually high rate of atomic diffusion. Evidences indicate that such a high rate of diffusion may be realized from the electric charge carried by the nanoparticles. In this work, the effect of nanoparticle charge on nanoparticle-based crystallization was studied by comparing the deposition behavior of charged silicon nanoparticles between electrically floating and grounded silicon substrates. Under the same processing condition, nanowires were grown on the floating substrate and nanoparticles were grown on the grounded substrate, or a dense film was grown on the floating substrate and a porous film was grown on the grounded substrate.
Structure of the O‐Glycosylated Conopeptide CcTx from Conus consors Venom (2012)

The glycopeptide CcTx, isolated from the venom of the piscivorous cone snail Conus consors, belongs to the κA-family of conopeptides. These toxins elicit excitotoxic responses in the prey by acting on voltage-gated sodium channels. The structure of CcTx, a first in the κA-family, has been determined by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy together with the analysis of its O-glycan at Ser7. A new type of glycopeptide O-glycan core structure, here registered as core type 9, containing two terminal L-galactose units {α-L-Galp-(1→4)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→6)-[α-L-Galp-(1→2)-β-D-Galp-(1→3)-]α-D-GalpNAc-(1→O)}, is highlighted. A sequence comparison to other putative members of the κA-family suggests that O-linked glycosylation might be more common than previously thought. This observation alone underlines the requirement for more careful and in-depth investigations into this type of post-translational modification in conotoxins.
Data from Expression of PGK1 by Prostate Cancer Cells Induces Bone Formation (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the solid tumors that metastasize to the bone. Once there, the phenotype of the bone lesions is dependent upon the balance between osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. We previously reported that overexpression of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) in PCa cell lines enhanced bone formation at the metastatic site &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Here, the role of PGK1 in the bone formation was further explored. We show that PCa-derived PGK1 induces osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. We also found that PGK1 secreted by PCa inhibits osteoclastogenesis. Finally, the expression levels of the bone-specific markers in PCa cells were higher in cells overexpressing PGK1 than controls. Together, these data suggest that PGK1 secreted by PCa regulates bone formation at the metastatic site by increasing osteoblastic activity, decreasing osteoclastic function, and expressing an osteoblastic phenotype by PCa cells. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(10):1595–604)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
3-V Full Cell Performance of Anode Framework TiNb2O7/Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (2011)

The anode TiNb2O7, which has a framework structure for reversible Li insertion, was combined with the spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 as cathode to give a voltage V ≈ 3.0 V. The anode-limited cell was shown to give a better performance than the cathode-limited cell.
A Logic-Based Benders Approach to Home Healthcare Delivery (2019)

We propose an exact optimization method for home healthcare delivery that relies on logic-based Benders decomposition (LBBD). The objective is to match patients with healthcare aides and schedule multiple home visits over a given time horizon, to maximize the number of patients served while taking into account patient requirements, travel time, and scheduling constraints. Unlike classical Benders methods, LBBD allows us to exploit a natural decomposition of the problem into a master problem, solved by mixed integer programming, and a subproblem that decouples into small scheduling problems, solved by constraint programming. We report computational results based on data obtained from a major home hospice care provider. We find that LBBD is far superior to mixed integer programming on all but a few instances with narrow time windows. It solves problems of realistic size to optimality if the aim is to conduct staff planning on a rolling basis, without temporal dependencies between visits. We also find that a version of LBBD known as branch and check usually outperforms standard LBBD on the instances tested.
Constructing Soluble Anthracene‐Based Blue Emitters Free of Electrically Inert Alkyl Chains for Efficient Evaporation‐ and Solution‐Based OLEDs (2022)

Anthracene derivatives are one of the most promising blue emitters employed in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) because of their electrochemical and thermal stabilities. However, their high crystallinity owing to their large π-planar structures severely impedes the progress in the development of solution-based systems. In this work, we developed two types of highly soluble multifunctional anthracene derivatives terminated with ortho-biphenyl and triphenylamine moieties and showed high solubility in general organic solvents such as toluene, tetrahydrofuran, and cyclohexanone at high concentrations (>10 mg mL<sup>-1</sup> ), and showed blue emission with a peak wavelength of ∼465 nm and a high photoluminescence quantum yield that ranges up to 81 %. Notably, these emitters are suitable for fabricating both evaporation- and solution-based systems. The evaporation-based system OLED achieved a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.4 %. While the solution-processed system realized 4.8 %, exhibiting the best performance among the anthracene-based solution-processed OLEDs so far.
Recent improvements to the Cambridge Arabic Speech-to-Text systems (2010)

This paper describes recent improvements to the Cambridge Arabic Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition (LVSCR) Speech-to-Text (STT) system. It is shown that Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) features trained on phonetic targets can improve the performance of both phonemic and graphemic systems. Also, a morphological decomposition scheme is extended from the graphemic domain to the phonetic domain, and particular attention is given to the task of dictionary generation. Finally, the use of Boosted Maximum Mutual Information (BMMI) training is explored both for individual systems and in the context of system combination. The full system results show that the combined use of the above techniques reduces the Word Error Rate (WER) of the best individual system by up to 12% relative, and that the incorporation of morphological decomposition and BMMI within the four individual branches of the combined system reduces the WER by up to 9% relative.
Molecular Glue that Spatiotemporally Turns on Protein–Protein Interactions (2019)

We developed a dendritic molecular glue <sup>PC</sup>Glue-NBD that can serve universally to "turn on" protein-protein interactions (PPIs) spatiotemporally. <sup>PC</sup>Glue-NBD carrying multiple guanidinium ion (Gu<sup>+</sup>) pendants can adhere strongly to target proteins and cover their surfaces including the PPI interface regions, thereby suppressing PPIs with their receptor proteins. Upon irradiation with UV light, <sup>PC</sup>Glue-NBD on a target protein is photocleaved at butyrate-substituted nitroveratryloxycarbonyl linkages in the dendrimer framework, so that the multivalency for the adhesion is reduced. Consequently, the guest protein is liberated and becomes eligible for a PPI. We found that hepatocyte growth factor HGF, when mixed with <sup>PC</sup>Glue-NBD, lost the affinity toward its receptor c-Met. However, upon exposure of the <sup>PC</sup>Glue-NBD/HGF hybrid to light-emitting diode light (365 nm), the <sup>PC</sup>Glue-NBD molecules on HGF were photocleaved as described above, so that HGF was liberated and retrieved its intrinsic PPI affinity toward c-Met. The turn-on PPI, thus achieved for HGF and c-Met, leads to cell migration, which can be made spatiotemporally with a millimeter-scale resolution by pointwise irradiation with UV light.
Advanced Biofuels and Beyond: Chemistry Solutions for Propulsion and Production (2017)

Sustainably produced biofuels, especially when they are derived from lignocellulosic biomass, are being discussed intensively for future ground transportation. Traditionally, research activities focus on the synthesis process, while leaving their combustion properties to be evaluated by a different community. This Review adopts an integrative view of engine combustion and fuel synthesis, focusing on chemical aspects as the common denominator. It will be demonstrated that a fundamental understanding of the combustion process can be instrumental to derive design criteria for the molecular structure of fuel candidates, which can then be targets for the analysis of synthetic pathways and the development of catalytic production routes. With such an integrative approach to fuel design, it will be possible to improve systematically the entire system, spanning biomass feedstock, conversion process, fuel, engine, and pollutants with a view to improve the carbon footprint, increase efficiency, and reduce emissions.
Effects of Elliptical Nature of Rotating Electric Field on Partial Discharge Pattern in a Three-phase Construction (2007)

Discharge characteristics in single-phase equipment are a well-known and well-established art, however, those in three-phase equipment are far less understood. Because the electric field in the insulating material of three-phase equipment is not linear, but rotates with power frequency, it can be expected that the discharge characteristics in three-phase equipment will be different from those in single-phase equipment. In this paper, the effects of rotating electric field on partial discharge pattern in a three-phase construction are reported. The simplified model of a three-phase GIS with air inside is used. The electric field in the construction was analyzed, and the discharge characteristics were observed. The electric field vector locus in a three-phase construction is elliptical, although the shape differs locally. The elliptical nature of rotating electric field is expressed as an electric field ratio. The experimental results showed that the phase widths where partial discharge current pulses appeared were different depending on the electric field ratio even for the same applied voltage. The phase width where partial discharge current pulses appeared was also influenced by the applied electric field. These results are analysed from the relationship between the value and the locus of the applied electric field and the critical electric field of air.