gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High‐Porosity Acicular Mullite Ceramics For Multifunctional Diesel Particulate Filters (2010)

The advantage of acicular mullite over other ceramic materials is its ability to produce highly porous structures while maintaining high mechanical integrity. This is due to controlled acicular grain growth that affects the connectivity of individual mullite crystals forming a 3D network. High porosity, in turn, enables coating with large amounts of washcoat and catalyst enabling efficient NO x control and other multifunctional applications without penalizing back pressure. This paper describes the development of the experimental ultra‐high porosity acicular mullite ceramic to be used for combined NO x reduction and filtration of soot in diesel engines. Catalyzed acicular mullite honeycombs having porosities between 64% and 80% showed excellent NO x reduction and pressure drop that is comparable with state‐of‐art commercial filters without any catalyst coating. The ability to combine several functions into one substrate provides the promise of a lower cost for the entire emission treatment and creates an opportunity for other applications requiring highly porous but mechanically strong scaffold as a carrier for functional materials.
Macrophages Actively Transport Nanoparticles in Tumors After Extravasation (2022)

Nanoparticles need to navigate a complex microenvironment to target cells in solid tumors after extravasation. Diffusion is currently the accepted primary mechanism for nanoparticle distribution in tumors. However, the extracellular matrix can limit nanoparticle diffusion. Here, we identified tumor-associated macrophages as another key player in transporting and redistributing nanoparticles in the tumor microenvironment. We found tumor-associated macrophages actively migrate toward nanoparticles extravasated from the vessels, engulfing and redistributing them in the tumor stroma. The macrophages can carry the nanoparticles 2-5 times deeper in the tumor than passive diffusion. The amount of nanoparticles transported by the tumor-associated macrophages is size-dependent. Understanding the nanoparticle behavior after extravasation will provide strategies to engineer them to navigate the microenvironment for improved intratumoral targeting and therapeutic effectiveness.
Thalamo-cortical interactions modeled by forced weakly connected oscillatory networks (2002)

In this paper we do not discuss what a thalamo-cortical system modeled by a weakly connected oscillators can do, but we rather discuss what it cannot do. Interactions between any two cortical columns having oscillatory dynamics crucially depend on their frequencies. When the frequencies are different, the interactions are functionally insignificant (i.e., they average to zero) even when there are synaptic connections between the cortical columns. We say that there is a frequency gap that prevents interactions. When the frequencies are equal (or close) the oscillators interact via phase deviations. By adjusting the frequency of oscillations, each cortical column can turn on or off its connections with other columns. This mechanism resembles that of selective tuning in frequency modulated (FM) radios. A weak non-constant thalamic input can remove the frequency gap and link any two oscillators provided the input is chosen appropriately. In the case of many cortical columns with incommensurable frequency gaps the thalamic forcing will be chaotic. By adjusting its temporal activity, the thalamus has complete control over information processing taking place in important parts of the cortex.
On the Cold Emission Mechanism of Diamond Coated Tips (1996)

A formal implementation of the Fowler-Nodheim equation to emission characteristics of diamond coated cold cathodes gives values of the work function which depend on surface curvature of the coating, thus making it incorrect. Experiments with diamond coated Si tips having different coating radii have shown, that their emissivity depends on the radius of the Si tip rather than on the radius of the diamond coating. The emission mechanisn of diamond coated conductive tips is considered where electron emission is controlled by the conductive tip-diamond interface. A new definition of an "effective" work function has been proposed which can be used for characterization of emissivity of diamond cold cathodes.
Iron homeostasis and management of oxidative stress response in bacteria (2011)

Iron is both an essential nutrient for the growth of microorganisms, as well as a dangerous metal due to its capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the Fenton reaction. For these reasons, bacteria must tightly control the uptake and storage of iron in a manner that restricts the build-up of ROS. Therefore, it is not surprising to find that the control of iron homeostasis and responses to oxidative stress are coordinated. The mechanisms concerned with these processes, and the interactions involved, are the subject of this review.
The influence of disease severity on quality of eye-drop administration in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension (2009)

Compliance in glaucoma patients is different from that in patients with most other systemic diseases for which the primary intervention involves either the oral administration of a pill or intravenous administration of a medication. Most individuals know how to take a pill; by contrast, the proper administration of eye-drops may be difficult for many patients. Numerous studies have focused on medication persistency and compliance,1 but few have examined whether the eye-drops that are administered actually get into the eye.2 3 Therefore, we investigated the quality of the topical eye-drop instillation technique in patients diagnosed as having open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) and assessed the relation between the ability to administer eye-drops properly and disease severity. A total of 138 patients with OAG (n = 87) or OHT (n = 51) treated with at least one topical ocular hypotensive medication for a minimum of 1 month were …
Taming Self-Training for Open-Vocabulary Object Detection (2023)

Recent studies have shown promising performance in open-vocabulary object detection (OVD) by utilizing pseudo labels (PLs) from pretrained vision and language models (VLMs). However, teacher-student self-training, a powerful and widely used paradigm to leverage PLs, is rarely explored for OVD. This work identifies two challenges of using self-training in OVD: noisy PLs from VLMs and frequent distribution changes of PLs. To address these challenges, we propose SAS-Det that tames self-training for OVD from two key perspectives. First, we present a split-and-fusion (SAF) head that splits a standard detection into an open-branch and a closed-branch. This design can reduce noisy supervision from pseudo boxes. Moreover, the two branches learn complementary knowledge from different training data, significantly enhancing performance when fused together. Second, in our view, unlike in closed-set tasks, the PL distributions in OVD are solely determined by the teacher model. We introduce a periodic update strategy to decrease the number of updates to the teacher, thereby decreasing the frequency of changes in PL distributions, which stabilizes the training process. Extensive experiments demonstrate SAS-Det is both efficient and effective. SAS-Det outperforms recent models of the same scale by a clear margin and achieves 37.4 AP50 and 29.1 APr on novel categories of the COCO and LVIS benchmarks, respectively. Code is available at \url{https://github.com/xiaofeng94/SAS-Det}.
Microphone array beamforming based on maximization of the front-to-back ratio (2018)

Microphone arrays are typically used in room acoustic environments to acquire high fidelity audio and speech signals while suppressing noise, interference, and reverberation. In many application scenarios, interference and reverberation may mainly come from a certain region, and it is therefore necessary to develop beamformers that can preserve signals of interest while minimizing the power of signals coming from the region where interference and reverberation dominate. For this purpose, this paper first reexamines the so-called front-to-back ratio and the classical supercardioid beamformer. To deal with the white noise amplification problem and the limited directivity factor associated with the supercardioid beamformer, a set of reduced-rank beamformers are deduced by using the well-known joint diagonalization technique, which can make compromises between the front-to-back ratio and the amount of white noise amplification or the directivity factor. Then, the definition of the front-to-back ratio is extended to a generalized version, from which another set of reduced-rank beamformers and their regularized versions are developed. Simulations are conducted to illustrate the properties and advantages of the proposed beamformers.
Medical application and clinical validation for reliable and trustworthy physiological monitoring using functional textiles: Experience from the HeartCycle and MyHeart project (2011)

Functional textiles are seen as promising technology to enable healthcare services and medical care outside hospitals due to their ability to integrate textile-based sensing and monitoring technologies into the daily life. In the past much effort has been spent onto basic functional textile research already showing that reliable monitoring solutions can be realized. The challenge remains to find and develop suited medical application and to fulfil the boundary conditions for medical endorsement and exploitation. The HeartCycle vest described in this abstract will serve as an example for a functional textile carefully developed according to the requirements of a specific medical application, its clinical validation, the related certification aspects and the next improvement steps towards exploitation.
Dendritic cells infected with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin activate CD8+ T cells with specificity for a novel mycobacterial epitope (2001)

Although CD4(+) T cells are essential for protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, recent reports indicate that CD8(+) T cells may also play a critical role in the control of this infection. However, the epitope specificity and the mechanisms of activation of mycobacteria-reactive CD8(+) T cells are poorly characterized. In order to study the CD8(+) T cell responses to the model mycobacterial antigen, MPT64, we used recombinant vaccinia virus expressing MPT64 (VVWR-64) and a panel of MPT64-derived peptides to establish that the peptide MPT64(190-198) contains an H-2D(b)-restricted CD8(+) T cell epitope. A cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to this peptide could be demonstrated in M. bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG)-infected mice following repeated in vitro stimulation. When bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) were infected with BCG, the expression of MHC class I molecules by DC was up-regulated in parallel with MHC class II and B7-2, whereas CD1d expression level was not modified. Moreover, BCG-infected DC activated MPT64(190-198)-specific CD8(+) T cells to secrete IFN-gamma, although with a lower efficacy than VVWR-64-infected DC. The production of IFN-gamma by MPT64(190-198)-specific CD8(+) T cells was inhibited by antibodies to MHC class I, but not to CD1d. These data suggest that mycobacteria-specific CD8(+) T cells are primed during infection. Therefore, anti-mycobacterial vaccine strategies targeting the activation of specific CD8(+) T cells by DC may have improved protective efficacy.
Eye-tracking dysfunction in the affective psychoses and schizophrenia (1992)

Smooth pursuit eye movements to a sinusoidally moving target were recorded using the electro-oculogram in 49 subjects with bipolar disorder, 19 with major depressive disorder and 61 with definite schizophrenia, and compared with 145 normal controls. The signals were analysed in the frequency domain to yield a signal to noise ratio that is known to relate to accuracy of smooth pursuit. Smooth pursuit was found to be significantly poorer in schizophrenics than in bipolars, major depressed or controls. Eye-tracking performance was independent of the effects of neuroleptics, tricyclic antidepressants or lithium, and was not altered by the severity of depression in the affective psychoses. There was a small, but significant worsening of smooth pursuit with age in controls and schizophrenics, but this did not account for the group differences. The results support the view that among the major psychoses eye-tracking dysfunction is specific to schizophrenia.
From Solid‐Solution Electrodes and the Rocking‐Chair Concept to Today's Batteries (2019)

Abstract Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have become ubiquitous power sources for small electronic devices, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage systems. Despite the success of LIBs which is acknowledged by their increasing commodity market, the historical evolution of the chemistry behind the LIB technologies is laden with obstacles and yet to be unambiguously documented. This Viewpoint outlines chronologically the most essential findings related to today's LIBs, including commercial electrode and electrolyte materials, but furthermore also depicts how the today popular and widely emerging solid‐state batteries were instrumental at very early stages in the development of LIBs.
ChemInform Abstract: Double Stereodifferentiating Lewis Acid‐Promoted (Mukaiyama) Aldol Bond Constructions. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
XPS study of organic/MoO3 hybrid thin films for aldehyde gas sensors: correlation between average Mo valence and sensitivity (2010)

We investigate the formaldehyde gas sensing properties of poly(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine)-intercalated MoO3 thin films ((PTHNA)xMoO3). The resistance responses of (PTHNA)xMoO3 to formaldehyde increase with increasing intercalation temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the molar ratio of Mo5+ decreases with increasing intercalation temperature.
The Shear Test as Interface Characterization Tool Applied to the Si-BCB Interface (2009)

Electronic packages are multimaterial structures. Their reliability is a major concern for the electronic industry and therefore widely studied. Apart from the electrical performance, the mechanical stability also needs attention. A dreaded failure cause is delamination. Therefore it is interesting to have a modeling tool, which can provide information on possible delamination risks. In this paper, a short overview of existing appropriate analyzing techniques is presented, focusing on the fracture-mechanics approach. The implementation of the method using energy release rate components is discussed. However, as in all modeling applications, the need for “critical material data” is also at hand. Therefore, the shear test is demonstrated to serve as a characterization tool. The Si-BCB interface is applied as test-case. In order to obtain the critical material data for this interface, a set of experiments is designed and performed. Due to the brittle failure observed in the experiments, only information about the onset of the delamination is obtained, leading to a crack extension locus. By comparing the experimental results and the numerical finite element results, an estimation on this crack extension locus (in the G1-G2 plane) can be made. This information can be used in later calculations on the reliability of components including Si-BCB interfaces.
Emergent Behaviors from a Cellular Automaton Model for Invasive Tumor Growth in Heterogeneous Microenvironments (2011)

Understanding tumor invasion and metastasis is of crucial importance for both fundamental cancer research and clinical practice. In vitro experiments have established that the invasive growth of malignant tumors is characterized by the dendritic invasive branches composed of chains of tumor cells emanating from the primary tumor mass. The preponderance of previous tumor simulations focused on non-invasive (or proliferative) growth. The formation of the invasive cell chains and their interactions with the primary tumor mass and host microenvironment are not well understood. Here, we present a novel cellular automaton (CA) model that enables one to efficiently simulate invasive tumor growth in a heterogeneous host microenvironment. By taking into account a variety of microscopic-scale tumor-host interactions, including the short-range mechanical interactions between tumor cells and tumor stroma, degradation of the extracellular matrix by the invasive cells and oxygen/nutrient gradient driven cell motions, our CA model predicts a rich spectrum of growth dynamics and emergent behaviors of invasive tumors. Besides robustly reproducing the salient features of dendritic invasive growth, such as least-resistance paths of cells and intrabranch homotype attraction, we also predict nontrivial coupling between the growth dynamics of the primary tumor mass and the invasive cells. In addition, we show that the properties of the host microenvironment can significantly affect tumor morphology and growth dynamics, emphasizing the importance of understanding the tumor-host interaction. The capability of our CA model suggests that sophisticated in silico tools could eventually be utilized in clinical situations to predict neoplastic progression and propose individualized optimal treatment strategies.
Chiral 1,4‐benzodiazepines. IX. Attempts at a preparation of 7‐chloro‐5‐phenyl‐3(S)methyl‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐one through C(5)C(5a) bond formation (1975)

Abstract During attempts at preparation of 7‐chloro‐5‐phenyl‐3( S )methyl‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐one ( 9 ) by cyclisation of N '‐α‐chlorobenzylidene‐( S )alanyl‐ p ‐chloroaniline ( 7 ) and the related o,p ‐dichloroaniline derivative ( 8 ), it was observed that the intermediate products, both N '‐benzylidene‐( S )alanyl‐ p ‐chloroaniline ( 5 ), as well as the related o,p ‐dichloroaniline derivative ( 6 ), undergo cyclisation to N ‐( p ‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐phenyl‐4( S )methylimidazolidin‐5‐one ( 17 ), and N ‐( o,p ‐dichlorophenyl)imidazolidin‐5‐one ( 18 ), respectively. Isolation and properties of the side products, N '‐benzylated‐( S )alanyl‐ p ‐chloro‐, and o,p ‐dichloroanilines ( 15 and 16 ), as well as of N '‐benzoylated‐( S )alanyl‐ p ‐chloroanilines ( 19 and 20 ) are described.
Control strategies for adaptive resource allocation in cloud computing (2020)

Using a compute infrastructure efficiently to execute jobs while respecting Service Level Agreements (SLAs) and thereby guaranteeing Quality of Service (QoS) poses a number of challenges. One such challenge lies in the fact that SLAs are set prior to the execution of a job, but the execution environment is subject to a number of possible disturbances, such as poor knowledge about actual resource necessity, demand peaks and hardware malfunctions, amongst others. Thus by using a fixed resource allocation, the manager of a shared computing environment risks violating user SLAs. Furthermore, the complexity of managing several workload executions increases with the number of workloads, implying the need for an automatic method to manage and control the execution of workloads. The execution time SLA is specially important in streaming scenarios such as web applications and continuous video processing, and is the focus of this paper. A method based on adaptive model predictive control (aMPC) is proposed here to adapt the amount of allocated resources to iterative workloads. The methodology is tested applied to Deep Learning Workloads, in standalone and multi-workload versions. The results show that using adaptive optimal control with a linearized model improves performance with respect to simpler control laws as well as reinforcement learning approaches.
Synthesis and characterization of novel benzhydrol-containing poly(amide-imide)s (1999)

International audience
Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Vehicle Controlled, Multicenter Phase IIb Clinical Trial of the Pore Forming Protein PRX302 for Targeted Treatment of Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (2012)

We conducted a safety and efficacy evaluation of intraprostatic injection of PRX302, a modified pore forming protein (proaerolysin) activated by prostate specific antigen, as a highly targeted, localized approach to treat lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.A total of 92 patients with I-PSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) 15 or greater, peak urine flow 12 ml or less per second and prostate volume 30 to 100 ml were randomized 2:1 to a single ultrasound guided intraprostatic injection of PRX302 vs vehicle (placebo) in this phase IIb double-blind study. Injection was 20% of prostate volume and 0.6 μg PRX302 per gm prostate. Peak urine flow was determined by a blinded reviewer. Benign prostatic hyperplasia medications were prohibited. The primary data set of efficacy evaluable patients (73) was analyzed using last observation carried forward.PRX302 treatment resulted in an approximate 9-point reduction in I-PSS and 3 ml per second increase in peak urine flow that were statistically significant changes from baseline compared to vehicle. Efficacy was sustained for 12 months. Early withdrawal for other benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment was more common for patients in the vehicle group. Relative to vehicle, PRX302 apparent toxicity was mild, transient, and limited to local discomfort/pain and irritative urinary symptoms occurring in the first few days, with no effect on erectile function.A single administration of PRX302 as a short, outpatient based procedure was well tolerated in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. PRX302 produced clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in patient subjective (I-PSS) and quantitative objective (peak urine flow) measures sustained for 12 months. The side effect profile is favorable with most effects attributed to the injection itself and not related to drug toxicity.
L'isomère géométrique du nitrile chlorcrotonique γ (1950)

Abstract Les auteurs ont isolé une variété du nitrile chlorcrotonique γ (Eb 11 61‐61°,4 C) différente de celle de Lespiau et de Berthet (Eb 11 72,3‐72°,4 C). L'étude réfractométrique et spectrographique (Raman et infra‐rouge) démontre qu'il s'agit de l'isomère cis, inconnu jusqu'à présent.
Divergent Strategy for the Synthesis of α-Aryl-Substituted Fosmidomycin Analogues (2007)

Fosmidomycin is the first representative of a new class of antimalarial drugs acting through inhibition of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DOXP) reductoisomerase (DXR), an essential enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway for the synthesis of isoprenoids. This work describes a divergent strategy for the synthesis of a series of alpha-aryl-substituted fosmidomycin analogues, featuring a palladium-catalyzed Stille coupling as the key step. An alpha-(4-cyanophenyl)fosmidomycin analogue emerged as the most potent analogue in the present series. Its antimalarial activity clearly surpasses that of the reference compound fosmidomycin.