gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-assisted green biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their photocatalytic application (2021)

Abstract Employing plant extracts to obtain nanomaterials is an ecofriendly and highly appreciated synthetic approach. In this work a simple, green chemistry method, based on sol–gel, was used for ZnO nanoparticles synthesis by using two Sudanese medicinal plant extracts: Adanosia digitata (ZnO-A) and Balanites aegyptiaca (ZnO-B) under ultrasonic energy. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the formation of wurtzite hexagonal ZnO nanostructures, while the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis displayed their diverse morphologies. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data showed the impact of extract via the variation in of the O1s and Zn2p 3/2 and Zn2p 1/2 orbitals binding energy of Zn–O. The UV-visible investigation indicated a variation of bandgap energy ( E g ), where the ZnO nanoparticles displayed the lowest E g . The synthesized nanomaterials have exhibited high photocatalytic efficiency towards the methylene blue (MB) dye. The findings revealed the possibility of obtaining nanoparticles with tailored properties by using plants extracts.
Initial investigations of the Bluetooth link (2002)

Measurements using a live Bluetooth link are performed to establish initial knowledge about the link performance and the payload rate that can be obtained in indoor and outdoor environments. The measurements are conducted using two notebooks each with a Bluetooth PC-card and some specially developed S/W capable of making a duplex link and displaying various error rates as well as payload rate. Two modes are available one using the Bluetooth frequency hopping mode and one mode without frequency hopping. Initial results show that for the packet types allowing for the highest payload in duplex mode, which is 433 kb/s, the payload rate is higher than 200 kb/s within a distance of 10 to 25 meters for the indoor case and some 150 meters for the outdoor case. No improvements by using frequency hopping over non-frequency hopping were seen.
Peptides derived from <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> leucine-rich repeat 1 bind to serine/threonine phosphatase type 1 and inhibit parasite growth in vitro (2018)

International audience
Supp. Movie 1 from <i>Ex Vivo</i> Profiling of PD-1 Blockade Using Organotypic Tumor Spheroids (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDOTS Movie&lt;/p&gt;
Impact of Eccentric or Concentric Training on Body Composition and Energy Expenditure (2019)

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the effects of 8-wk eccentric (ECC) versus concentric (CON) training using downhill and uphill running in rats on whole body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and energy expenditure. Methods Animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: 1) control (CTRL), 2) +15% uphill-running slope (CON), 3) −15% downhill-running slope (ECC15), and 4) −30% downhill-running slope (ECC30). Those programs enabled to achieve conditions of isopower output for CON and ECC15 and of iso-oxygen uptake (V˙O 2 ) for CON and ECC30. Trained rats ran 45 min at 15 m·min −1 five times per week. Total body mass, fat body mass, and lean body mass (LBM) measured through EchoMRI™, and 24-h energy expenditure including basal metabolic rate (BMR) assessed using PhenoMaster/LabMaster™ cage system were obtained before and after training. At sacrifice, the right femur was collected for bone parameters analysis. Results Although total body mass increased in all groups over the 8-wk period, almost no change occurred for fat body mass in exercised groups (CON, −4.8 ± 6.18 g; ECC15, 0.6 ± 3.32 g; ECC30, 2.6 ± 6.01 g). The gain in LBM was mainly seen for ECC15 (88.9 ± 6.85 g) and ECC30 (101.6 ± 11.07 g). ECC was also seen to positively affect BMD. An increase in BMR from baseline was seen in exercise groups (CON, 13.9 ± 4.13 kJ·d −1 ; ECC15, 11.6 ± 5.10 kJ·d −1 ; ECC30, 18.3 ± 4.33 kJ·d −1 ) but not in CTRL one. This difference disappeared when BMR was normalized for LBM. Conclusions Results indicate that for iso-V˙O 2 training, the impact on LBM and BMD is enhanced with ECC as compared with CON, and that for isopower but lower V˙O 2 ECC, an important stimulus for adaptation is still observed. This provides further insights for the use of ECC in populations with cardiorespiratory exercise limitations.
Continuous electrospinning of polymer nanofibers of Nylon-6 using an atomic force microscope tip (2011)

An atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe is successfully utilized as an electrospinning tip for fabricating Nylon-6 nanofibers. The nanometre-size tip enabled controlled deposition of uniform polymeric nanofibers within a 1 cm diameter area. Nylon-6 nanofibers were continuously electrospun at a solution concentration as low as 1 wt% Nylon-6 in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP). Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results of the AFM electrospun fibers indicated that the nanofibers predominantly display the meta-stable γ crystalline form suggesting rapid crystallization rate during the process. In addition to precise control over fiber deposition and diameter, some of the drawbacks of conventional electrospinning such as large volume of solutions and clogging of needles can be overcome using this AFM based electrospinning technique. Lastly, a comparison of electrospun fibers from syringe-needle based electrospinning and AFM probe-tip based electrospinning indicated significant morphological and microstructural differences in the case of AFM based electrospinning.
Co-loading of bisphosphonates and antibiotics to a biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating (2011)

We have incorporated bisphosphonates and antibiotics simultaneously into a biomimetic hydroxyapatite implant coating aiming to use the interaction between drug-molecules and hydroxyapatite to enable local release of the two different substances to obtain a dual biological effect. A sustained release over for 43 h of antibiotics (cephalothin) was achieved without negative interference from the presence of the bisphosphonate (clodronate) which, in turn, successfully bonded to the coating surface. To our knowledge, this is the first study that indicates the possibility to simultaneously incorporate both antibiotics and bisphosphonates to an implant coating, a strategy that is believed to improve implant stability and reduce implant-related infections.
Three-dimensional lensless imaging using laser frequency diversity (1990)

A laser radar system for three-dimensional lensless imaging is analyzed in theory and by experiment. Three-dimensional imaging is accomplished by making use of the relationship between the wavelength dependence of an object's scattered light and its three-dimensional Fourier transform. The concept is demonstrated by obtaining a three-dimensional image with a charge-coupled device detector array and an argon-ion laser with a tunable intracavity etalon.
A New Thermophoretic Precipitator for Collection of Nanometer-Sized Aerosol Particles (2005)

A new thermophoretic precipitator (TP) has been designed and used for the collection of nanosized aerosol particles. NaCl and Fe particles, with mean diameters of 55 nm and 3.6 nm, respectively, were used to determine the thermophoretic deposition efficiency as well as the uniformity of the deposition. When the average temperature gradients applied were 2200 K/cm and 2400 K/cm, a high thermophoretic deposition efficiency, close to 100%, was attained at aerosol flow rates below 15 sccm. A gradual decay in the efficiency was observed as the flow rate was increased. Theoretical calculations of particle deposition efficiency were in good agreement with experimental data. The deposition along the TP was shown to be homogenous on a millimeter scale for both NaCl and Fe particles collected on thin foil substrates and microscope grids, respectively. Finally, the thermophoretic precipitator was used to efficiently deposit Fe nanoparticles on a substrate for the subsequent growth of carbon nanotubes.
Coherence of acoustic modes passing through internal solitary waves (1997)

Packets of internal solitary waves can affect coherence between acoustic modes propagating in shallow water. Shallow water is characterized as having less than 10 or 15 propagating modes, including the influence of an attenuating bottom. Previous work has shown that individual internal waves or packets of waves can scatter low-mode energy into higher modes. Prior results and intuition indicate that the higher modes attenuate more quickly through boundary interaction. The propagation of the internal waves, which couple energy between the modes, can rapidly influence the relative amplitudes and phases of the modes. Numerical simulations are used here to quantify the effects which the relative positions of the source, receiver, and wave packet (or packets) have on the mode coherence. Of particular interest are packets of solitary waves near the source, which can amplify the source. Frequencies of a few hundred Hz and propagation over tens of km are investigated. The results are compared with experimental data. [Work supported by ONR Ocean Acoustics.]
Linear Synthesis of Chiral cycloSal‐Pronucleotides (2011)

Abstract Cyclo Sal‐nucleosyl‐phosphate triesters are a known class of highly effective nucleotide prodrugs (pronucleotides) of antivirally active nucleoside analogues. Until recently, the synthesis of these compounds always gave diastereoisomeric mixtures. Then, a convergent route for the stereospecific synthesis of cyclo Sal‐triesters was described to give isomerically pure cyclo Sal‐prodrugs for the treatment of viral diseases. Here, the development of a stereoselective synthesis of these pronucleotides using various chiral auxiliaries is described. In contrast to pyrrolidine‐ or pyrrolidinone derivatives it was found that a thiazolidine derived from valinol fulfilled all three requirements to act as a suitable chiral moiety, allowing: (i) strong chirality transfer, (ii) the formation of separable diastereoisomeric intermediates, and (iii) a suitable leaving group that allows the introduction of the nucleoside analogue (e.g., d4T) in the final step under mild reaction conditions. The title compounds were obtained with very high diastereoisomeric excesses of more than 95 %.
The High-Frequency Effects of U.S. Macroeconomic Data Releases on Prices and Trading Activity in the Global Interdealer Foreign Exchange Market (2004)

We introduce a new high-frequency foreign exchange dataset from EBS (Electronic Broking Service) that includes trading volume in the global interdealer spot market, data not previously available to researchers. The data also gives live transactable quotes, rather than the indicative quotes that have been used in most previous high frequency foreign exchange analysis. We describe intraday volume and volatility patterns in euro-dollar and dollar-yen trading. We study the effects of scheduled U.S. macroeconomic data releases, first confirming the finding of recent literature that the conditional mean of the exchange rate responds very quickly to the unexpected component of data releases. We next study the effects of data releases on trading volumes. News releases cause volume to rise, and to remain elevated for a longer period. However, in contrast to the result for the level of the exchange rate, even if the data release is entirely in line with expectations, we find that there is still typically a large pickup in trading volume.
On the completeness of the lattice factorization for linear-phase perfect reconstruction filter banks (2002)

In this letter, we re-examine the completeness of the lattice factorization for M-channel linear-phase perfect reconstruction filter bank (LPPRFB) with filters of the same length L=KM as discussed by Tran et al. (see IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.48, p.133-47, Jan. 2000). We point out that the assertion of completeness is incorrect. Examples are presented to show that the proposed lattice structure of Tran et al. is not complete when K>2. In addition, we verify that the lattice structure is complete only when K/spl les/2.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF LETTUCE SEED THERMOINHIBITION (2008)

ISHS IV International Symposium on Seed, Transplant and Stand Establishment of Horticultural Crops; Translating Seed and Seedling Physiology into Technology GENETIC ANALYSIS OF LETTUCE SEED THERMOINHIBITION
Characterization of a Thermally Induced Irreversible Conformational Transition of Amylose Tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) Chiral Stationary Phase in Enantioseparation of Dihydropyrimidinone Acid by Quasi-Equilibrated Liquid Chromatography and Solid-State NMR (2003)

A thermally induced irreversible conformational transition of amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (i.e., Chiralpak AD) chiral stationary phase (CSP) in the enantioseparation of dihydropyrimidinone (DHP) acid racemate was studied for the first time by quasi-equilibrated liquid chromatography with cyclic van't Hoff and step temperature programs and solid-state (13C CPMAS and 19F MAS) NMR using ethanol and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)-modified n-hexane as the mobile phase. The conformational transition was controlled by a single kinetically driven process, as evidenced by the chromatographic studies. Solid-state NMR was used to study the effect of the temperature on the conformational change of the solvated phase (with or without the DHP acid enantiomers and TFA) and provided some viable structural information about the CSP and the enantiomers.
Collective Excitations in Superfluid Helium (1973)

Collective excitations of the phonon gas in liquid helium-4 are considered. It is proposed that below 0.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K there are other propagating collective excitations in addition to second sound.
CPU Elasticity to Mitigate Cross-VM Runtime Monitoring (2018)

In this paper, We present a new technique that offers lightweight, general, and elastic protection against Crum (Cross-VM runtime monitoring) attacks. Our protection, called Crease (CPU Resource Elasticity as a Service), enables a VM (called principal) to purchase a higher clock rate from the cloud, through lowering the frequency of a malicious VM (called peer), to support its security-critical operations within a short period. During that period, the weakened peer becomes unable to catch up with the pace of the strengthened principal, therefore losing the capability to effectively collect its sensitive information. In the meantime, our approach can also make up for the performance impact on the peer through refunding schedule credits or service credits, in line with the service level agreement of today's cloud. At the center of our design is the novel application of on-demand frequency scaling and schedule quantum randomization, together with a situation-awareness mechanism that dynamically assesses the security risk posed by the peer. We analyzed the security guarantee of our design, implemented a prototype and evaluated it on a well-known Crum attack (an LLC side-channel attack) and various workloads. Our study shows that Crease is effective at protecting the principal, with only a small impact on the peer's operations.
SYMPOSIA PRESENTATIONS (2008)

IiK hCtr channels arc invoh'cd in endothelium-dg1ivsfl hyperpolarizing lactor (EDHIT) :1'pe vasodilatatioD rvhich is most pronounced in small arteries. In a series ol stuclies rrc addressed nrhether I{Ca channcls irlso contribute to nitric oxide-mcdiatcd -. asodilatation in large arteries. In rat supcrior mesenteric arteries acetylcholine :ausecl hyperpolarization of the endothelial ccll la1:e1 by activalion of aptrmin and -harybclotoxin-sensitive I( channels. In rat supcrior ncsenteric arteries acetylcho- -ne rclaxation uras NO-mediated, silce acctl,lcholinc-erroked increase in NO --onccntration and relaration urerc itrhibitcd in the presence of an inhibitor of NO :r nthase. asymmetric dimethl,largininc (AD,IA); further addition of oxyhaemo- 31obin rerrersed the persisting i4crcascs in NO concentration and relaxation. Blockers of small-conductance Ca'--activated I(* channels. apamin (0.5 pl,r) and of intermediaLe- ancl largc-conductance Ca'*-actirrated I(* channels, charvbdotoxin 0.1 pu), added indirddually did not change NO corcentration and rclaxation, but the combinaLion ol the bkrchers reduccd ACh induced increases in O concentra iion by 85% rvithout changing S-njtroso-N-acetylpenicillamine relaxatjon. In thc :resence of indomethacin and ADN,I,. the addition of apamin and charJ'bdotoxin abolished the persisting ACh relaxation and increase in NO concentration, An opener of SI(Ca and U(Ca. NSl09 evohed endothelium dependent relirxations and rt rqls3r,'. nhir h nLr, inhibil.d in thr prc.cn,c of ADNIA. Our lindings suggcst endothelial ccll Ctr'--rctivated l(- channels are invoh,ed in Ch evol<ed NO releasc in rat supcrior mesenteric artery, n16 responses, rvhich nright be ascribcd to EIIHF can in part be explained in terms of residual NO relcasc.
CLIPasso: Semantically-Aware Object Sketching (2022)

Abstraction is at the heart of sketching due to the simple and minimal nature of line drawings. Abstraction entails identifying the essential visual properties of an object or scene, which requires semantic understanding and prior knowledge of high-level concepts. Abstract depictions are therefore challenging for artists, and even more so for machines. We present CLIPasso, an object sketching method that can achieve different levels of abstraction, guided by geometric and semantic simplifications. While sketch generation methods often rely on explicit sketch datasets for training, we utilize the remarkable ability of CLIP (Contrastive-Language-Image-Pretraining) to distill semantic concepts from sketches and images alike. We define a sketch as a set of Bézier curves and use a differentiable rasterizer to optimize the parameters of the curves directly with respect to a CLIP-based perceptual loss. The abstraction degree is controlled by varying the number of strokes. The generated sketches demonstrate multiple levels of abstraction while maintaining recognizability, underlying structure, and essential visual components of the subject drawn.
The spheromak approach to high power density reactors. (1981)

The low power density and large physical size of a tokamak power reactor May render may render it an unacceptable energy source from a captial investment viewpoint. The present paper, examines some of the features of a Spheromak reactor in which the plasma power density is approximately 50-100 times that of a comparable tokamak. Additional advantages of the Spheromak include reduced requirements on applied magnetic field, a cylindrical coil/blanket geometry, and a flexibility in reactor size in the 100-1000 Mw/sub e/ range.
CycloSal-BVDUMP Pronucleotides:  How to Convert an Antiviral-Inactive Nucleoside Analogue into a Bioactive Compound against EBV (2002)

Novel cycloSal-BVDUMP triesters 2-4 5-[(E)-2-bromovinyl]-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU, 1) have been studied with regard to their potential anti-EBV activity. In addition to the 3'-unmodified cycloSal-BVDUMP triesters 2a-f, the 3'-hydroxyl function has been esterified with different aliphatic carboxylic acids (3a-g) and alpha-amino acids having natural and nonnatural Calpha-configuration (4a-m). In addition to the synthesis of these compounds, different physicochemical properties of the new derivatives will be reported, i.e., lipophilicity and hydrolysis behavior. It could be proven that the monophosphate BVDUMP and not 3',5'-cyclic BVDUMP was delivered from most of the compounds by chemical hydrolysis in phosphate buffers at pH 6.8 and 7.3 as well as P3HR-1 cell extracts. Finally, the new compounds were tested for their anti-EBV activity. As a result, the prototype compounds and particularly triesters 2c,d exhibited pronounced anti-EBV activity making these compounds promising candidates for further development. However, the 3'-ester derivatives were devoid of any antiviral activity while the 3'-aminoacyl derivatives showed an antiviral activity dependent upon the amino acid and the Calpha-configuration
Learning probabilistic representations with randomly connected neural circuits (2018)

Abstract The brain represents and reasons probabilistically about complex stimuli and motor actions using a noisy, spike-based neural code. A key building block for such neural computations, as well as the basis for supervised and unsupervised learning, is the ability to estimate the surprise or likelihood of incoming high-dimensional neural activity patterns. Despite progress in statistical modeling of neural responses and deep learning, current approaches either do not scale to large neural populations or cannot be implemented using biologically realistic mechanisms. Inspired by the sparse and random connectivity of real neuronal circuits, we present a new model for neural codes that accurately estimates the likelihood of individual spiking patterns and has a straightforward, scalable, efficiently learnable, and realistic neural implementation. This model’s performance on simultaneously recorded spiking activity of &gt;100 neurons in the monkey visual and prefrontal cortices is comparable or better than that of current models. Importantly, the model can be learned using a small number of samples, and using a local learning rule that utilizes noise intrinsic to neural circuits. Slower, structural changes in random connectivity, consistent with rewiring and pruning processes, further improve the efficiency and sparseness of the resulting neural representations. Our results merge insights from neuroanatomy, machine learning, and theoretical neuroscience to suggest random sparse connectivity as a key design principle for neuronal computation.