gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomedical Imaging in Implantable Drug Delivery Systems (2015)

Implantable drug delivery systems (DDS) provide a platform for sustained release of therapeutic agents over a period of weeks to months and sometimes years. Such strategies are typically used clinically to increase patient compliance by replacing frequent administration of drugs such as contraceptives and hormones to maintain plasma concentration within the therapeutic window. Implantable or injectable systems have also been investigated as a means of local drug administration which favors high drug concentration at a site of interest, such as a tumor, while reducing systemic drug exposure to minimize unwanted side effects. Significant advances in the field of local DDS have led to increasingly sophisticated technology with new challenges including quantification of local and systemic pharmacokinetics and implant- body interactions. Because many of these sought-after parameters are highly dependent on the tissue properties at the implantation site, and rarely represented adequately with in vitro models, new nondestructive techniques that can be used to study implants in situ are highly desirable. Versatile imaging tools can meet this need and provide quantitative data on morphological and functional aspects of implantable systems. The focus of this review article is an overview of current biomedical imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound imaging, optical imaging, X-ray and computed tomography (CT), and their application in evaluation of implantable DDS.
Molecular Shape and Solvation of the Lacunar, Saddle-Shaped, and Planar Metal Cyclidene Complexes:  Molecular Dynamics Studies (1999)

Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to study the three-dimensional distribution of methanol solvent molecules around three cobalt(II) cyclidene complexes differing in details of their ligand structures. The ligands are a planar unbridged 14-membered macrocycle in Co([14]Cyc), a saddle-shaped unbridged 16-membered macrocycle in Co([16]Cyc), and a lacunar bridged 16-membered macrocycle in Co(C6[16]Cyc). All three complexes contain five-coordinate cobalt(II) with the metal ion bound to four nitrogen donor atoms from the macrocycle and one nitrogen donor from an axial methylimidazole. Distinctly different solvation patterns are exemplified for the three complexes by the positions of the maximum in the Co-O pair distribution function (at r(Co-O) = 2.5, 3.7, and 4.5 Å for Co([14]Cyc), Co([16]Cyc), and Co(C6[16]Cyc), respectively) and by the number of methanol molecules within the macrocyclic cleft (1.5, 0.7, and 0.4 molecules at a Co-O distance of 5.25 Å in the "cavity", respectively). Analysis of the anisotropic solvent structure reveals the presence of a methanol molecule directly above the cobalt(II) center, at a distance of ca. 2.5 Å, for planar Co([14]Cyc), and the absence of solvent from such close proximity to the metal ion for the remaining complexes. The bridge further protects the sides of the cavity from the solvent. The width of an empty cavity of Co(C6[16]Cyc) shrinks by 0.3 Å in methanol solution, as compared to vacuum simulations. These results confirm the experimentally based (decrease in absolute value of enthalpies and entropies of dioxygen binding) suggestion that extensive solvation of the cobalt(II) center reduces its accessibility to incoming small molecules.
Mechanical Characterization of Biomaterialsa (1997)

Experimental testing and computational modeling are two useful tools for mechanical characterization of biomaterials, providing insight into material stresses and strains and the possibility of mechanical failure and fatigue. Another interesting issue to consider, however, is tissue response to mechanical stress and strain and incorporation of that knowledge into design to create materials that form mechanically effective tissue-material interfaces in vivo. Experimental testing, computational modeling, and tissue response to stress and strain are discussed in the context of enhancing biomaterial design.
Dietary fat-dependent transcriptional architecture and copy number alterations associated with modifiers of mammary cancer metastasis (2020)

Breast cancer is a complex disease resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Among environmental factors, body composition and intake of specific dietary components like total fat are associated with increased incidence of breast cancer and metastasis. We previously showed that mice fed a high-fat diet have shorter mammary cancer latency, increased tumor growth and more pulmonary metastases than mice fed a standard diet. Subsequent genetic analysis identified several modifiers of metastatic mammary cancer along with widespread interactions between cancer modifiers and dietary fat. To elucidate diet-dependent genetic modifiers of mammary cancer and metastasis risk, global gene expression profiles and copy number alterations from mammary cancers were measured and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) identified. Functional candidate genes that colocalized with previously detected metastasis modifiers were identified. Additional analyses, such as eQTL by dietary fat interaction analysis, causality and database evaluations, helped to further refine the candidate loci to produce an enriched list of genes potentially involved in the pathogenesis of metastatic mammary cancer.
Hybrid ZTE/Dixon MR‐based attenuation correction for quantitative uptake estimation of pelvic lesions in PET/MRI (2017)

A hybrid ZTE/Dixon MRAC method was developed and applied to pelvic regions in an integrated TOF PET/MRI, demonstrating improved MRAC. This new method included bone density estimation, through which PET quantification is improved.
A Digital Low-Dropout Regulator With Autotuned PID Compensator and Dynamic Gain Control for Improved Transient Performance Under Process Variations and Aging (2019)

This article demonstrates all-digital tuning and dynamic control of feedback compensator in digital low drop out regulators to enhance the transient performance under process and passive variations, aging, and load changes. The measured results from a 130-nm CMOS test-chip shows 2.1× improvement in transient performance under process variations and 30% improvement for aging-induced degradations. We demonstrate 55-ns setting time for a 5 to 45 mA load step in 100 ps, with 97.8% peak current efficiency.
Tuning the antiaromatic character and charge transport of pentalene-based antiaromatic compounds by substitution (2021)

Substituting electron-donating and electron-accepting substituents on antiaromatic pentalene cores can significantly tune the optical absorption, energy levels, antiaromaticity, and transistor switch-on behavior.
Investigation of electrical breakdown in vacuum. Final report (1991)

The program objectives are focused on increasing the voltage applied across an electron beam diode. Two objectives were pursued during the program. The first was to increase the total voltage applied to anelectron gun anode--cathode (A-K) structure by suppressing electron emission from regions other than the electron source. The second objective was to prevent surface flashover from the cathode surface due to fiber contamination from the carbon felt used to enhance electron emission from the source. The primary approach consisted of using a dielectric coating (or a surface treatment), to suppress undesired electron emission from non-emission areas of the cathode. In addition to the dielectric coating, the electrode surfaces were profiled to eliminate field enhancements in the transition areas. The program objectives were met by demonstrating 300 kv/cm fields across the gap during current conduction with no breakdown or surface flashover. This field value was obtained with electrodes coated with a dielectric polymer on the surfaces around the electron source (carbon felt) and with electrodes without the coating. Total pulse width duration was 300 nsec for electrodes with no emitter (carbon felt) and 100 nsec for electrodes with the emitter.
Toward body language generation in dyadic interaction settings from interlocutor multimodal cues (2013)

During dyadic interactions, participants influence each other's verbal and nonverbal behaviors. In this paper, we examine the coordination between a dyad's body language behavior, such as body motion, posture and relative orientation, given the participants' communication goals, e.g., friendly or conflictive, in improvised interactions. We further describe a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based statistical methodology for automatically generating body language of a listener from speech and gesture cues of a speaker. The experimental results show that automatically generated body language trajectories generally follow the trends of observed trajectories, especially for velocities of body and arms, and that the use of speech information improves prediction performance. These results suggest that there is a significant level of predictability of body language in the examined goal-driven improvisations, which could be exploited for interaction-driven and goal-driven body language generation.
Feasibility Conditions of Interference Alignment via Two Orthogonal\n Subcarriers (2013)

Conditions are derived on line-of-sight channels to ensure the feasibility of\ninterference alignment. The conditions involve choosing only the spacing\nbetween two subcarriers of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)\nscheme. The maximal degrees-of-freedom are achieved and even an upper bound on\nthe sum-rate of interference alignment is approached arbitrarily closely.\n
Nanometers-Thick Ferromagnetic Surface Produced by Laser Cutting of Diamond (2021)

In this work, we demonstrate that cutting diamond crystals with a laser (532 nm wavelength, 0.5 mJ energy, 200 ns pulse duration at 15 kHz) produces a ≲20nm thick surface layer with magnetic order at room temperature. We have measured the magnetic moment with a SQUID magnetometer of six natural and six CVD diamond crystals of different size, nitrogen content and surface orientations. A robust ferromagnetic response at 300 K is observed only for crystals that were cut with the laser along the (100) surface orientation. The magnetic signals are much weaker for the (110) and negligible for the (111) orientations. We attribute the magnetic order to the disordered graphite layer produced by the laser at the diamond surface. The ferromagnetic signal vanished after chemical etching or after moderate temperature annealing. The obtained results indicate that laser treatment of diamond may pave the way to create ferromagnetic spots at its surface.
Nanopillar array band-edge laser cavities on silicon-on-insulator for monolithic integrated light sources (2016)

A simple and unique laser scheme comprised of a finite-size nanopillar array on a silicon-on-insulator grating layer is introduced for realizing an on-chip monolithically integrated light source. A photonic band-edge mode, confined by the grating substrate in the vertical direction, shows a quality factor as high as 4000. We show that the proposed laser cavity allows direct coupling into a waveguide, which is essential for monolithic integration. In addition, III-V semiconductor nanopillars are grown on a silicon-on-insulator grating substrate in order to demonstrate the feasibility of epitaxy on 3D surfaces. These results provide a practical solution for on-chip integration of a monolithic light source.
SenseWeb: Shared Macro-scopes for Scientific Exploration (2007)

Many advances in science come from observing the previously unobserved. However, developing, deploying, and maintaining the instrumentation required to observe the phenomenon under investigation is a significant overhead for scientists. In most cases, scientists are restricted to collecting data using limited individual resources. As a first step to overcome this limitation, central archives for sharing data have emerged, so that data collected in individual experiments can be re-used by others. We take the next step in this direction: we build an infrastructure, SenseWeb, to enable sharing the sensing instrumentation itself among multiple teams. The key idea is as follows. A scientist deploys sensors to observe a phenomenon, say soil moisture, at their site. The sensors are shared over SenseWeb. Other scientists interested in soil moisture can conduct experiments using these sensors through SenseWeb. Further, other ecologists may deploy similar sensors at their sites and share them. The scientist can now use SenseWeb to access not only her own sensors but also these other similar ones. What emerges is a “macro-scope” of shared sensors measuring the phenomenon at a scale that no single scientist could instrument alone. New experiments are enabled, providing new insights by probing a phenomenon from multiple sites. Barrier to discovery is reduced as many experiments can begin without deployment overhead. SenseWeb addresses challenges in supporting highly heterogeneous sensors, each with their own capability, precision, or sharing willingness. It is built for scalability, allowing multiple concurrent experiments to access common resources. Its map based web interface provides data visualization. Our prototype is currently used by nearly a dozen research teams to share sensors observing different phenomenon ranging from coral ecosystems to urban activity.
From Heterostructures to Solid‐Solutions: Structural Tunability in Mixed Halide Perovskites (2022)

The stability, reliability, and performance of halide-perovskite-based devices depend upon the structure, composition, and particle size of the device-enabling materials. Indeed, the degree of ion mixing in multicomponent perovskite crystals, although challenging to control, is a key factor in determining properties. Herein, an emerging method termed evaporation-crystallization polymer pen lithography is used to synthesize and systematically study the degree of ionic mixing of Cs<sub>0.5</sub> FA<sub>0.5</sub> PbX<sub>3</sub> (FA = formamidinium; X = halide anion, ABX<sub>3</sub> ) crystals, as a function of size, temperature, and composition. These experiments have led to the discovery of a heterostructure morphology where the A-site cations, Cs and FA, are segregated into the core and edge layers, respectively. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the heterostructures form as a consequence of a combination of both differences in solubility of the two ions in solution and the enthalpic preference for Cs-FA ion segregation. This preference for segregation can be overcome to form a solid-solution by decreasing crystal size (<60 nm) or increasing temperature. Finally, these tools are utilized to identify and synthesize solid-solution nanocrystals of Cs<sub>0.5</sub> FA<sub>0.5</sub> Pb(Br/I)<sub>3</sub> that significantly suppress photoinduced anion migration compared to their bulk counterparts, offering a route to deliberately designed photostable optoelectronic materials.
UVC Light Prophylaxis for Cutaneous Wound Infections in Mice (2012)

UVC light has long been known to be highly germicidal but has not been much developed as a therapy for infections. This study investigated the potential of UVC light for the prophylaxis of infections developing in highly contaminated superficial cutaneous wounds. In vitro studies demonstrated that the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were inactivated at UVC light exposures much lower than those needed for a similar effect on mammalian keratinocytes. Mouse models of partial-thickness skin abrasions infected with bioluminescent P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were developed. Approximately 10(7) bacterial cells were inoculated onto wounds measuring 1.2 by 1.2 cm on the dorsal surfaces of mice. UVC light was delivered at 30 min after bacterial inoculation. It was found that for both bacterial infections, UVC light at a single radiant exposure of 2.59 J/cm(2) reduced the bacterial burden in the infected mouse wounds by approximately 10-fold in comparison to those in untreated mouse wounds (P < 0.00001). Furthermore, UVC light increased the survival rate of mice infected with P. aeruginosa by 58.3% (P = 0.0023) and increased the wound healing rate in mice infected with S. aureus by 31.2% (P < 0.00001). DNA lesions were observed in the UVC light-treated mouse wounds; however, the lesions were extensively repaired by 48 h after UVC light exposure. These results suggested that UVC light may be used for the prophylaxis of cutaneous wound infections.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Characterization of Spontaneous Lesions in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Tuberous Sclerosis as a Model for Endothelial Cell-Based Transgene Delivery (2005)

Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by abnormalities in cellular migration, proliferation, and differentiation in many tissues. Benign hamartomas develop in multiple organs, believed to be caused by somatic mutation in addition to germ line mutation to cause loss of both alleles of either the TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor gene, with resultant dysregulated growth due to loss of hamartin or tuberin function, respectively. This study focuses on detecting spontaneous lesions in a knockout mouse model of TSC2 by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and exploring the efficiency of introducing gene products into lesions, using transduced endothelial cells as gene vehicles. MRI was shown to be effective in detecting spontaneous lesions in multiple tissues as a means of assessing the prevalence of tumors. Tsc(2+/) heterozygous mice were screened at 12-24 months of age. MRI detected 100% of the renal lesions (cystadenomas, renal cell carcinomas) and 75% of the hepatic lesions (hemangiosarcomas), later identified by histology. Cell-mediated gene delivery was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of renal, hepatic, and lung lesions after intravenous delivery of MS1 mouse endothelial cells, transduced to express an enhanced form of green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Preliminary immunohistochemical analysis, using a polyclonal antibody to EGFP and a horseradish peroxidase-diaminobenzidine detection system, revealed these cells throughout liver, kidney, and lung sections from injected animals, organs that are frequently affected in TSC2 patients, as well as within the lesions themselves.
The Effects of Nonlinear Loads on EMI/RFI Filters (1995)

Power feeder electromagnetic interference/radio frequency interference (EMI/RFI) filters are widely used in the Army and industry for filtering unwanted signals on power lines supplying sensitive loads such as computers and communication equipment. Typically, these low pass filters are passive circuits designed to attenuate frequencies above 10 kHz. Under 60-Hz sinusoidal conditions, the filters dissipate little power. But when nonlinear loads are present (such as those associated with computers, adjustable speed drives, electronic power supplies, and communication equipment), significant power dissipation can occur within the filters. This can shorten filter lifetime or even lead to complete filter failure. Laboratory testing and mathematical analyses were performed on a selected EMI/RFI filter to: 1) determine its frequency response in the 60 Hz–3 kHz range, 2) identify the filter components that dissipate the most power when subjected to harmonic currents, and 3) measure filter component temperature rises when harmonic line currents are present. It is shown that power line harmonics, not considered by EMI/RFI filter manufacturers, interact with filter component parasitics and cause considerable power dissipation in the filters.
Hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals. Novel mesogens incorporating nonmesogenic bipyridyl compounds through complexation between hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor moieties (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen-bonded liquid crystals. Novel mesogens incorporating nonmesogenic bipyridyl compounds through complexation between hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor moietiesTakashi Kato, Jean M. J. Frechet, Paul G. Wilson, Takeshi Saito, Toshiyuki Uryu, Akira Fujishima, Chihiro Jin, and Fumiko KaneuchiCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 8, 1094–1100Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00032a012https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00032a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1441Altmetric-Citations253LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interfacing Synthetic DNA Logic Operations with Protein Outputs (2014)

Abstract DNA logic gates are devices composed entirely of DNA that perform Boolean logic operations on one or more oligonucleotide inputs. Typical outputs of DNA logic gates are oligonucleotides or fluorescent signals. Direct activation of protein function has not been engineered as an output of a DNA‐based computational circuit. Explicit control of protein activation enables the immediate triggering of enzyme function and could yield DNA computation outputs that are otherwise difficult to generate. By using zinc‐finger proteins, AND, OR, and NOR logic gates were created that respond to short oligonucleotide inputs and lead to the activation or deactivation of a split‐luciferase enzyme. The gate designs are simple and modular, thus enabling integration with larger multigate circuits, and the modular structure gives flexibility in the choice of protein output. The gates were also modified with translator circuits to provide protein activation in response to microRNA inputs as potential cellular cancer markers.