gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radical Isomerization and Allylation Reactions of 2-Iodo-3,3-dimethyl-4-pentenoate Esters (1992)

Sunlamp irradiation of methyl 2-iodo-3,3-dimethyl-4-pentenoate (2c) induces isomerization to an equilibrium mixture rich (13/1) in methyl 3-iodo-3-methyl-2-vinylbutanoate (3c). Allylations of 2c with allyl sulfides and stannanes produce mixtures of rearranged (9; 6-substituted 3-methoxycarbonyl-4,4-dimethyl-1,6-heptadienes) or unrearranged (8; 6-substituted 4-methoxycarbonyl-3,3-dimethyl-1,6- heptadienes) allylation products.
Cyclative Cleavage: A Versatile Concept in Solid‐Phase Organic Chemistry. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Regenerative feedback repeaters for programmable interconnections (1995)

The use of regenerative feedback repeaters to reduce the delay in programmable interconnections is described. A static, complementary regenerative feedback (CRF) repeater is proposed. This CRF repeater locally regenerates the new level for a fixed time after a transition has been detected. Design issues and limitations are discussed. It is shown that rising transitions can propagate faster than falling transitions through a chain of overdriven nMOS switches with CRF repeaters. Experimental results from a 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS implementation show that the loaded delay through 64 switches for static and dynamic repeaters can be reduced by a factor 1.4-2 over conventional repeaters.
Low-Power Operation of a Precision CMOS Temperature Sensor based on Substrate PNPs (2007)

In this paper, a low-power version of a high-precision smart temperature sensor in 0.7 mum CMOS technology is presented. The sensor consists of two main blocks: the bipolar front-end and the ADC. The sensor's power dissipation was reduced by reducing the bias current of the substrate PNP transistors -the temperature-sensing element -to the minimum levels set by accuracy requirements. To keep the same current density, the PNPs were reduced in size, as were the ADC sampling capacitors C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> , so the sensor's conversion time is maintained. Increased mismatch errors due to the use of lower bias currents and smaller devices are mitigated by Dynamic Element Matching and chopping techniques. For an accuracy requirement of plusmn0.1degC, a minimum PNP bias current of 250 nA is found. Measurement results for I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bias</sub> = 250 nA and C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> = 1.25 pF show a 3sigma inaccuracy below plusmn0.3degC after offset calibration, and below plusmn0.08degC with "a two-point calibration, from -55degC to 125degC.
La déplétion en cholestérol des rafts lipidiques provoque une libération rapide des gonadotropines in vitro et in vivo (2007)

Communication Orale C8
Conserved features of TERT promoter duplications reveal an activation mechanism that mimics hotspot mutations in cancer (2022)

Mutations in the TERT promoter represent the genetic underpinnings of tumor cell immortality. Beyond the two most common point mutations, which selectively recruit the ETS factor GABP to activate TERT, the significance of other variants is unknown. In seven cancer types, we identify duplications of wildtype sequence within the core promoter region of TERT that have strikingly similar features including an ETS motif, the duplication length and insertion site. The duplications recruit a GABP tetramer by virtue of the native ETS motif and its precisely spaced duplicated counterpart, activate the promoter and are clonal in a TERT expressing multifocal glioblastoma. We conclude that recurrent TERT promoter duplications are functionally and mechanistically equivalent to the hotspot mutations that confer tumor cell immortality. The shared mechanism of these divergent somatic genetic alterations suggests a strong selective pressure for recruitment of the GABP tetramer to activate TERT.
Evolutionary Crashworthiness Topology Optimization of Thin-Walled Structures (2016)

A basis for most of the state-of-the-art methods for crashworthiness topology optimization form voxel elements, being three-dimensional, regular brick finite elements.
Such voxel-based optimization techniques lead to creation of so-called zigzag structures that are used as a reference for positioning of the structural beams. On the other hand,
important vehicle body components are made of thin-walled sheet metal structures and the use of an optimized design obtained from any voxel-based optimization method as an
inspiration for the final thin-walled structure is questionable and requires considerable manual post-processing. In this paper we propose a novel approach using evolutionary algorithms for optimization of thin-walled structures. For evaluation of the method, a 2D transverse bending of a rib-reinforced thin-walled structure is considered. A state-of-the-art Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), combined with
a suitable representation, is used for optimization of the layout of the reinforcing ribs. The results show that evolutionary optimization algorithms can be efficiently used for topology optimization of crash-loaded thin-walled structures.
Oil Recovery by Water-alternating-gas (WAG) Injection under Low Gas − oil IFT in Water-wet and Mixed-wet Rocks (2011)

We report the results of a comprehensive series of coreflood experiments carried out to investigate the physical mechanisms involved in WAG injection and to quantify the amount of additional oil recovery by WAG injection. A series of experiments were firs
Synthetic Biology in Asia: New Kids on the Block (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTSynthetic Biology in Asia: New Kids on the BlockMatthew Wook Chang*View Author Information Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovations (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 119077 Singapore*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: ACS Synth. Biol. 2016, 5, 11, 1182–1183Publication Date (Web):November 18, 2016Publication History Received2 November 2016Published online18 November 2016Published inissue 18 November 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssynbio.6b00327https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.6b00327editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1060Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (134 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Drug discovery,Genetics,Peptides and proteins,Protein dynamics,Synthetic biology Get e-Alerts
Strong base induced cycloaddition of homophthalic anhydrides leading to peri-hydroxy polycyclic compounds (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStrong base induced cycloaddition of homophthalic anhydrides leading to peri-hydroxy polycyclic compoundsYasumitsu Tamura, Manabu Sasho, Kiyomi Nakagawa, Teruhisa Tsugoshi, and Yasuyuki KitaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 3, 473–478Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00177a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00177a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views902Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
De Novo Sequence Determination of Modified Oligonucleotides (2009)

We present the combined application of chemical and enzymatic digestions toward de novo sequence determination of a modified oligonucleotide. The unknown of interest, consisting of a random mixture of 2'-deoxy, 2'-fluoro, 2'-O-methyl, abasic and/or ribonucleotides, is a representative oligonucleotide used as a component of synthetic short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). The sequence is initially determined using chemical degradation, electrospray ionization (ESI), time-of-flight (TOF), and tandem (MS/MS) mass spectrometry. A nucleoside composition analysis is then performed via enzymatic digestion of the oligonucleotide to complement the chemical sequencing method. The identity and experimental count of each nucleoside within the oligonucleotide are determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis. This additional analysis allows unambiguous sequence assignment of an unknown chemically modified oligonucleotide.
VXLAN DCI Using EVPN (2014)

This document describes how Ethernet VPN (E-VPN) technology can be
used to interconnect VXLAN or NVGRE networks over an MPLS/IP network.
This is to provide intra-subnet connectivity at Layer 2 and control-
plane separation among the interconnected VXLAN or NVGRE networks. The
scope of the learning of host MAC addresses in VXLAN or NVGRE network
is limited to data plane learning in this document.
Relational Mixture of Experts: Explainable Demographics Prediction with Behavioral Data (2017)

Given a collection of basic customer demographics (e.g., age and gender) andtheir behavioral data (e.g., item purchase histories), how can we predictsensitive demographics (e.g., income and occupation) that not every customermakes available?This demographics prediction problem is modeled as a classification task inwhich a customer's sensitive demographic y is predicted from his featurevector x. So far, two lines of work have tried to produce a"good" feature vector x from the customer's behavioraldata: (1) application-specific feature engineering using behavioral data and (2) representation learning (such as singular value decomposition or neuralembedding) on behavioral data. Although these approaches successfullyimprove the predictive performance, (1) designing a good feature requiresdomain experts to make a great effort and (2) features obtained fromrepresentation learning are hard to interpret. To overcome these problems, we present a Relational Infinite SupportVector Machine (R-iSVM), a mixture-of-experts model that can leveragebehavioral data. Instead of augmenting the feature vectors of customers, R-iSVM uses behavioral data to find out behaviorally similar customerclusters and constructs a local prediction model at each customer cluster. In doing so, R-iSVM successfully improves the predictive performance withoutrequiring application-specific feature designing and hard-to-interpretrepresentations. Experimental results on three real-world datasets demonstrate the predictiveperformance and interpretability of R-iSVM. Furthermore, R-iSVM can co-existwith previous demographics prediction methods to further improve theirpredictive performance.
Identification of human polo-like kinase 1 as a potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer (2004)

Pancreas cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in adults in the United States. New molecular targets for diagnosis and therapy of this disease are desperately needed. In this study, we report on the mitotic serine-threonine kinase polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) in pancreatic cancer. Plk1 mRNA was found to be overexpressed in 9 of 10 tested pancreatic cancer cell lines and in 4 of 4 tested human tumors. Immunohistochemical staining of a pancreatic tissue microarray showed that 26 of the 35 tumors taken directly from patients overexpressed Plk1. We also examined the effects of depleting Plk1 in pancreatic cancer cells by the use of antisense oligonucleotides. Antisense-treated pancreatic cancer cells showed cell cycle arrest in G(2)-M as well as a drastic reduction in proliferation rates. These data suggest that Plk1 is a potential therapeutic target in devising a treatment for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Calcineurin regulates bone formation by the osteoblast (2005)

Two of the most commonly used immunosuppressants, cyclosporine A and tacrolimus (FK506), inhibit the activity of a ubiquitously expressed Ca(2+)/calmodulin-sensitive phosphatase, calcineurin. Because both drugs also cause profound bone loss in humans and in animal models, we explored whether calcineurin played a role in regulating skeletal remodeling. We found that osteoblasts contained mRNA and protein for all isoforms of calcineurin A and B. TAT-assisted transduction of fusion protein TAT-calcineurin Aalpha into osteoblasts resulted in the enhanced expression of the osteoblast differentiation markers Runx-2, alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. This expression was associated with a dramatic enhancement of bone formation in intact calvarial cultures. Calcineurin Aalpha(-/-) mice displayed severe osteoporosis, markedly reduced mineral apposition rates, and attenuated colony formation in 10-day ex vivo stromal cell cultures. The latter was associated with significant reductions in Runx2, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin expression, paralleled by similar decreases in response to FK506. Together, the gain- and loss-of-function experiments indicate that calcineurin regulates bone formation through an effect on osteoblast differentiation.
A Feedback Implosion Suppression Algorithm for Satellite Reliable Multicast (2003)

In this paper, we propose a knapsack-based feedback suppression algorithm for reliable multicast transport protocols operating over a satellite network.A reliable transport protocol needs to identify the packets which failed to reach a given destination.This is achieved through feedback packets returned to the source.For multicast services, receiver feedback has been shown to lead to the feedback implosion problem.Feedback implosion is a well-studied problem and various solutions exist in the literature.However, these solutions mainly focus on wireline terrestrial networks and do not take into account the inherent characteristics of the satellite channel and the architecture of the deployed network.Therefore, we need to revisit the problem and provide a new set of solutions for efficient integration to next generation satellite systems.In this paper, we introduce a feedback implosion suppression algorithm, which effectively suppresses the amount of feedback relayed through the satellite channel, while ensuring that the critical information is conveyed in a timely fashion.The performance of the algorithm is evaluated through simulations.
Projection data error estimation and correction for high-resolution tomographic acoustic microscopy (1998)

In scanning tomographic acoustic microscopy (STAM), projection error correction is necessary for high-resolution tomographic reconstruction. In this paper, both phase and alignment errors are examined. These errors arise from several sources, including the quadrature receiver channels, the unknown initial phase term, and any misalignment in the rotational scan. The data acquisition process and the image formation algorithm for the STAM are reviewed, and a description of error estimation and correction is also presented. Experimental results from the STAM are included to demonstrate the capability and effectiveness of the error-removal techniques.
Characterization of monohydroxylated derivatives of the anticancer agent flavone‐8‐acetic acid by liquid chromatography with on‐line UV and mass spectrometry (2007)

The experimental anticancer agent flavone-8-acetic acid (FAA) is metabolized into several monohydroxylated derivatives using mouse microsomes. Because these metabolites could be involved in the biological effects of FAA, the aim of this study was to characterize all its possible monohydroxylated derivatives. To do so, we have developed a methodology using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detection and mass spectrometry (MS) to analyze and identify FAA derivatives hydroxylated at the 2', 3', 4', 3, 5, 6, or 7 position. In RP-HPLC, 4'-, 3'-, 2'-, 6-, and 7-OH-FAA eluted before FAA, whereas 3- and 5-OH-FAA eluted after FAA. UV spectra showed a bathochromic shift of band I for all derivatives and of band II for 5- and 6-OH-FAA. In addition, the position of the OH group could be determined by the presence of certain product ions in MS. Ions at m/z 133 and 151 were specific for 2'-, 3'-, 4'-, and 3-OH-FAA, whereas the ion at m/z 177 was specific for 3-OH-FAA only. The ions m/z 133, 151 and 167 were specific for 2'-OH-FAA. Ions at m/z 149 were specific for the presence of the OH group on cycle A only (i.e., 5-, 6- or 7-OH-FAA). The presence of both product ions m/z 149 and 179 were specific for 7-OH-FAA. Finally, ions at m/z 149 and several product ions of even m/z values were specific for 5-OH-FAA. In conclusion, the methodology described can be used to identify all possible monohydroxylated FAA derivatives.
Emerging Trends and Case Studies for Wi‐Fi (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Major Trends for 2003 Wireless Interworking with Cellular Networks Price Erosion to Continue Increased Competition Impact of Pre-802.11g Products in the Marketplace High-Throughput Wireless LANs Low-Power 802.11 Summary References
PDM-16QAM transmission performance over uncompensated fiber links (2011)

The dependence of propagation performance on the signal baud-rate is investigated by simulations for WDM PDM-16QAM systems operating at a spectral efficiency of 4 b/s/Hz. We take into account the case of transmission over uncompensated links, both for standard single-mode fiber and non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber. Three baud-rates are tested: 16.25, 32.5 and 65 Gbaud, including overhead for soft-decision FEC. Hence, we compare the performance limited by the nonlinear impairments in case of 100, 200 and 400 Gb/s data rate transmission, respectively. We demonstrate that the trade-off between higher OSNR margin and nonlinear transmission penalty favors transmission at lower baud-rate (16.25 Gbaud) and narrower channel spacing (25 GHz), among the three different simulated baud-rates.
Synthesis of nitric oxide and nitrosamine by immortalized woodchuck hepatocytes (1993)

Woodchuck (Marmota monax) hepatic cells, which were immortalized by the simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40 Tag) produced nitric oxide (NO; measured as nitrite) in vitro from L-arginine (L-Arg) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. NO synthesis was related to L-Arg and LPS concentration and plateaued at 1.0 mM L-Arg and 1.0 microgram/ml LPS. LPS-stimulated cells nitrosated morpholine to form N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) in the presence of L-Arg at pH 7.4. NMOR production increased 7-fold in LPS stimulated cells compared to unstimulated hepatocytes. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was detected in the cell culture medium in the presence of LPS and L-Arg but without added dimethylamine. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, a selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, inhibited formation of NO and NMOR, indicating that NO and nitrosating agents were formed via the L-Arg-nitric oxide pathway. These data are the first to report NO and N-nitrosamine production by immortalized hepatocytes and confirm earlier work showing that primary hepatocytes form NO in culture. This suggests that hepatic formation of N-nitroso compounds and/or NO could be an etiologic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Immortalized woodchuck hepatic cells may be useful as in vitro models to study the L-Arg-nitric oxide pathway and its possible role in liver carcinogenesis.
Passivity framework for composition and mitigation of multi-virus propagation in networked systems (2015)

The increasing importance of networked control systems makes them inviting targets for cyber attacks. In a virus propagation attack, an adversary attempts to compromise a set of nodes in order to compromise their neighbors via software exploits. When the neighbor of a compromised node has already been compromised by a different virus, a newly-introduced virus can remove, co-exist with, or reinforce the existing virus. In this paper, we study propagation of multiple viruses within a network, as well as design of efficient mitigation strategies. We develop a unifying passivity-based approach for modeling competing and coexisting viruses, as well as arbitrary combinations of competing and coexisting viruses propagating through the network. We prove the output feedback passivity of the propagation dynamics, and derive bounds on the passivity indices. Based on the passivity analysis, we derive sufficient conditions for patching-based mitigation strategies, under both Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) and Susceptible-Infected-Recovered models, to remove the viruses at a desired rate. The virus propagation and removal rates under our model are illustrated via a numerical study.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct and Selective Synthesis of α,α‐Dichloro‐ and α‐Chloro‐ethyl Ketones by the Reaction of Alkyl Carboxylates with 1,1‐Dichloroethyllithium. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.