gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faisabilité d'un capteur de pression capacitif miniature sur silicium (1998)

Le capteur de pression etudie resulte de l'assemblage hybride d'une cellule sensible capacitive en technologie Silicium/Pyrex et d'un convertisseur capacite/frequence base sur le principe de la charge et de la decharge d'une capacite a courant constant. La modelisation de la reponse de chacune des deux parties permet d'etablir la fonction de transfert du capteur. La determination precise des differents parametres s'effectue a partir d'une approche mixte fondee sur la simulation numerique et sur la caracterisation experimentale de la cellule et du circuit. L'etude des comportements d'un montage inverseur et d'une architecture ratiometrique montre la faisabilite d'un capteur dans lequel la nonlinearite et les derives thermiques s'autocompensent en grande partie. Dans une plage de frequence de l'ordre de dix pour-cent de la frequence a pression nulle, le demonstrateur de capteur presente une nonlinearite inferieure a 1 % et une derive thermique par degre Celsius egale a deux cents milliemes. La simulation numerique indique que pour optimiser les performances du capteur ratiometrique, il faut que les deux voies de reference et de mesure soient identiques. Cet optimum peut etre quasiment atteint en integrant sur un substrat commun de silicium les deux convertisseurs. Les essais experimentaux revelent egalement des phenomenes d'interferences entre les oscillateurs vehicules au travers des capacites de recouvrement des transistors MOS. La minimisation de ce probleme peut s'obtenir en ajoutant une capacite de decouplage suffisamment grande entre les oscillateurs. L'ensemble de ces resultats obtenus permet de conclure que les principes et les technologies utilisees sont adequats pour developper une nouvelle famille de capteurs de pression miniatures relativement precis (de l'ordre de 1 % de l'etendue de mesure), peu couteux et facilement interfacables avec des reseaux de communication numeriques.
Complex modes and effective refractive index in 3D periodic arrays of plasmonic nanospheres (2011)

We characterize the modes with complex wavenumber for both longitudinal and transverse polarization states (with respect to the mode traveling direction) in three dimensional (3D) periodic arrays of plasmonic nanospheres, including metal losses. The Ewald representation of the required dyadic periodic Green's function to represent the field in 3D periodic arrays is derived from the scalar case, which can be analytically continued into the complex wavenumber space. We observe the presence of one longitudinal mode and two transverse modes, one forward and one backward. Despite the presence of two modes for transverse polarization, we notice that the forward one is "dominant" (i.e., it contributes most to the field in the array). Therefore, in case of transverse polarization, we describe the composite material in terms of a homogenized effective refractive index, comparing results from (i) modal analysis, (ii) Maxwell Garnett theory, (iii) Nicolson-Ross-Weir retrieval method from scattering parameters for finite thickness structures (considering different thicknesses, showing consistency of results), and (iv) the fitting of the fields obtained through HFSS simulations. The agreement among the different methods justifies the performed homogenization procedure in case of transverse polarization.
Mammalian Nonsense Codons Can Be cis Effectors of Nuclear mRNA Half-Life (1994)

Frameshift and nonsense mutations within the gene for human triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) that generate a nonsense codon within the first three-fourths of the protein coding region have been found to reduce the abundance of the product mRNA that copurifies with nuclei. The cellular process and location of the nonsense codon-mediated reduction have proven difficult to elucidate for technical reasons. We show here, using electron microscopy to judge the purity of isolated nuclei, that the previously established reduction to 25% of the normal mRNA level is evident for nuclei that are free of detectable cytoplasmic contamination. Therefore, the reduction is likely to be characteristic of bona fide nuclear RNA. Fully spliced nuclear mRNA is identified by Northern (RNA) blot hybridization and a reverse transcription-PCR assay as the species that undergoes decay in experiments that used the human c-fos promoter to elicit a burst and subsequent shutoff of TPI gene transcription upon the addition of serum to serum-deprived cells. Finally, the finding that deletion of a 5' splice site of the TPI gene results predominantly but not exclusively in the removal by splicing (i.e., skipping) of the upstream exon as a part of the flanking introns has been used to demonstrate that decay is specific to those mRNA products that maintain the nonsense codon. This result, together with our previous results that implicate translation by ribosomes and charged tRNAs in the decay mechanism, indicate that nonsense codon recognition takes place after splicing and triggers decay solely in cis. The possibility that decay takes place during the process of mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is discussed.
A Carbocyclic Carbene as an Efficient Catalyst Ligand for CC Coupling Reactions (2006)

A new player on the field: Carbocyclic carbenes are potentially better control ligands than N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) in catalyzed CC coupling reactions. PdII complexes of cycloheptatrienylidene (see picture), which are readily prepared, thermally stable, and highly stable towards acid, are as effective as the familiar NHC complexes in Suzuki and Heck reactions or perform even better.
0.15 dB/cm loss in Unibond SOI waveguides (1999)

The optical loss of Unibond waveguides is measured and reported for the first time, using grating couplers. At a wavelength of 1.3 µm, a loss of 0.15 ± 0.05 dB/cm is obtained for TE polarisation. This allows good quality low loss integrated optical circuits to be fabricated at low cost.
Neuro-Ophthalmology: Clinical Signs and Symptoms (1985)

This work presents a comprehensive overview of clinical neuro-ophthalmology. The book is organized primarily according to signs and symptoms and emphasizes important aspects of physical examination; most of the chapters discuss differential diagnosis. It appears that the efforts of the author are primarily to establish an approach in diagnostic neuroophthalmology for the reader, and he does not attempt to compile an encyclopedic volume with well-referenced information. The text is easily read, and the focus of most of the clinical chapters is on practical points of the discipline. The chapters by Dr Stephen G. Rothman and the chapters by Charles M. Citrin and Melvin G. Alper on radiology of orbital disease and computed tomography of retrobulbar and orbital disease are important contributions to this text. The photographs displaying the spectrum of orbital and relevant neuro-ophthalmic pathology are excellent with respect to case selection and technical quality. Again, the
Image Processing: towards a System on Chip (2009)

Many kinds of vision systems are available on today's market with various applications. Despite the wide variety of these applications, all digital cameras have the same basic functional components, which consist in photons collection, wavelength photons discrimination (filters), timing, control and drive electronics for the sensing elements, sample/hold operators, colours processing circuits, analogue to digital conversion and electronics interfaces Today, robotics and intelligent vehicles need sensors with fast response time, low energy consumption, able to extract high-level information from the environment (Muramatsu et al., 2002). Adding hardware computation operators near the sensor increases the computations potentiality and reduces inputs/outputs operations towards the central processor unit. The CCD technology have been the dominant tool for electronic image sensors during several decades due to their high photosensitivity, low fixed pattern noise, small pixel and large array sizes. However, in the last decade, CMOS image sensors have gained attention from many researchers and industries due to their low energy dissipation, low cost, on chip processing capabilities and their integration on standard or quasi-standard VLSI process. Still, raw output images acquired by CMOS sensors present poor quality for display and need further processing, mainly because of noise, blurriness and poor contrast. In order to tackle these problems, image-processing circuits are typically associated to image sensors as a part of the whole vision system. Usually, two areas coexist within the same chip for sensing and preprocessing that are implemented onto the same integrated circuit. To face the high data flow induced by the computer vision algorithms, an alternative approach consists in performing some image processing on the sensor focal plane. The integration of pixels array and image processing circuits on a single monolithic chip makes the system more compact and allows enhancing the behavior and the response of the sensor. Hence, to achieve some simple low-level image processing tasks (early-vision), a smart sensor integrates analogue and/or digital processing circuits in the pixel (Burns et al., 2003, El Gamal et al., 1999, Dudek, Hicks, 2000) or at the edge of the pixels array Most often, such circuits are dedicated for specific applications. The energy dissipation is weak compared to that of the traditional approaches using multi chip (microprocessor,
Inertia Matrix Singularity of Series-Chain Spatial Manipulators With Point Masses (1993)

Often, the dynamic behavior of multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical systems such as robots and manipulators is studied by computer simulation. An important step in this simulation is the inversion of inertia matrix of the system. In singular configurations of the inertia matrix, the simulation is prone to large numerical errors. Usually, it is believed that an inertia matrix is always positive definite. In this paper, it is shown that for spatial series-chain manipulators, when the links are modeled as point masses, a multitude of configurations exists when the inertia matrix becomes singular. These singularities arise because point masses lead to incomplete models of the system.
Deep Learning and Quantum Entanglement: Fundamental Connections with\n Implications to Network Design (2017)

Deep convolutional networks have witnessed unprecedented success in various\nmachine learning applications. Formal understanding on what makes these\nnetworks so successful is gradually unfolding, but for the most part there are\nstill significant mysteries to unravel. The inductive bias, which reflects\nprior knowledge embedded in the network architecture, is one of them. In this\nwork, we establish a fundamental connection between the fields of quantum\nphysics and deep learning. We use this connection for asserting novel\ntheoretical observations regarding the role that the number of channels in each\nlayer of the convolutional network fulfills in the overall inductive bias.\nSpecifically, we show an equivalence between the function realized by a deep\nconvolutional arithmetic circuit (ConvAC) and a quantum many-body wave\nfunction, which relies on their common underlying tensorial structure. This\nfacilitates the use of quantum entanglement measures as well-defined\nquantifiers of a deep network's expressive ability to model intricate\ncorrelation structures of its inputs. Most importantly, the construction of a\ndeep ConvAC in terms of a Tensor Network is made available. This description\nenables us to carry a graph-theoretic analysis of a convolutional network, with\nwhich we demonstrate a direct control over the inductive bias of the deep\nnetwork via its channel numbers, that are related to the min-cut in the\nunderlying graph. This result is relevant to any practitioner designing a\nnetwork for a specific task. We theoretically analyze ConvACs, and empirically\nvalidate our findings on more common ConvNets which involve ReLU activations\nand max pooling. Beyond the results described above, the description of a deep\nconvolutional network in well-defined graph-theoretic tools and the formal\nconnection to quantum entanglement, are two interdisciplinary bridges that are\nbrought forth by this work.\n
Compressed Sensing For Volterra And Polynomial Regression Models (2011)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Barcelona, Spain, 2011
Pseudo-IoU: Improving Label Assignment in Anchor-Free Object Detection (2021)

Current anchor-free object detectors are quite simple and effective yet lack accurate label assignment methods, which limits their potential in competing with classic anchor-based models that are supported by well-designed assignment methods based on the Intersection-over-Union~(IoU) metric. In this paper, we present \textbf{Pseudo-Intersection-over-Union~(Pseudo-IoU)}: a simple metric that brings more standardized and accurate assignment rule into anchor-free object detection frameworks without any additional computational cost or extra parameters for training and testing, making it possible to further improve anchor-free object detection by utilizing training samples of good quality under effective assignment rules that have been previously applied in anchor-based methods. By incorporating Pseudo-IoU metric into an end-to-end single-stage anchor-free object detection framework, we observe consistent improvements in their performance on general object detection benchmarks such as PASCAL VOC and MSCOCO. Our method (single-model and single-scale) also achieves comparable performance to other recent state-of-the-art anchor-free methods without bells and whistles. Our code is based on mmdetection toolbox and will be made publicly available at https://github.com/SHI-Labs/Pseudo-IoU-for-Anchor-Free-Object-Detection.
TTI-237: A Novel Microtubule-Active Compound with In vivo Antitumor Activity (2008)

5-Chloro-6-[2,6-difluoro-4-[3-(methylamino)propoxy]phenyl]-N-[(1S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine butanedioate (TTI-237) is a microtubule-active compound of novel structure and function. Structurally, it is one of a class of compounds, triazolo[1,5a]pyrimidines, previously not known to bind to tubulin. Functionally, TTI-237 inhibited the binding of [(3)H]vinblastine to tubulin, but it caused a marked increase in turbidity development that more closely resembled the effect observed with docetaxel than that observed with vincristine. The morphologic character of the presumptive polymer is unknown at present. When applied to cultured human tumor cells at concentrations near its IC(50) value for cytotoxicity (34 nmol/L), TTI-237 induced multiple spindle poles and multinuclear cells, as did paclitaxel, but not vincristine or colchicine. Flow cytometry experiments revealed that, at low concentrations (20-40 nmol/L), TTI-237 produced sub-G(1) nuclei and, at concentrations above 50 nmol/L, it caused a strong G(2)-M block. The compound was a weak substrate of multidrug resistance 1 (multidrug resistance transporter or P-glycoprotein). In a cell line expressing a high level of P-glycoprotein, the IC(50) of TTI-237 increased 25-fold whereas those of paclitaxel and vincristine increased 806-fold and 925-fold, respectively. TTI-237 was not recognized by the MRP or MXR transporters. TTI-237 was active in vivo in several nude mouse xenograft models of human cancer, including LoVo human colon carcinoma and U87-MG human glioblastoma, when dosed i.v. or p.o. Thus, TTI-237 has a set of properties that distinguish it from other classes of microtubule-active compounds.
IGF1 Promotes Adipogenesis by a Lineage Bias of Endogenous Adipose Stem/Progenitor Cells (2015)

Adipogenesis is essential for soft tissue reconstruction following trauma or tumor resection. We demonstrate that CD31(-)/34(+)/146(-) cells, a subpopulation of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of human adipose tissue, were robustly adipogenic. Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF1) promoted a lineage bias towards CD31(-)/34(+)/146(-) cells at the expense of CD31(-)/34(+)/146(+) cells. IGF1 was microencapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffolds and implanted in the inguinal fat pad of C57Bl6 mice. Control-released IGF1 induced remarkable adipogenesis in vivo by recruiting endogenous cells. In comparison with the CD31(-)/34(+)/146(+) cells, CD31(-)/34(+)/146(-) cells had a weaker Wnt/β-catenin signal. IGF1 attenuated Wnt/β-catenin signaling by activating Axin2/PPARγ pathways in SVF cells, suggesting IGF1 promotes CD31(-)/34(+)/146(-) bias through tuning Wnt signal. PPARγ response element (PPRE) in Axin2 promoter was crucial for Axin2 upregulation, suggesting that PPARγ transcriptionally activates Axin2. Together, these findings illustrate an Axin2/PPARγ axis in adipogenesis that is particularly attributable to a lineage bias towards CD31(-)/34(+)/146(-) cells, with implications in adipose regeneration.
A Simple Relation between Solubility Parameters and Densities for Live Reservoir Fluids (2010)

A simple equation has been developed for estimating the solubility parameters of live reservoir fluids at elevated pressure and reservoir temperature. The solubility parameters of live reservoir fluids have been simply related to their measured densities by a linear function. The equation has been validated using 45 reservoir fluids covering heavy oil, black oil, volatile oil, and gas condensate with a total of 760 data points. The gas to oil ratio (GOR) range is from (25 to 9369) m3·m−3, and the American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity varies from (16.6 to 50.2). The pressure ranges from (0.1 to 150.7) MPa, and the reservoir temperature is over a range of (323.9 to 422.0) K. The average absolute deviation of solubility parameters is 0.19 MPa0.5 between the new equation and the method proposed by Wang et al. Furthermore, the new equation and the Peng−Robinson equation of state (PR EoS) have been used to calculate solubility parameters, and the results have been compared with the experimental data at pressures up to 30 MPa and 303.15 K for four pure hydrocarbons as well as dead and live oils. The predictions by the new equation and the PR EoS with an average deviation of < 0.5 MPa0.5 are within the experimental uncertainty of < 0.8 MPa0.5. The results show that the developed equation in this work can be successfully used to approximate the solubility parameters of live reservoir fluids in terms of their measured densities with good accuracy.
Thermal stability of the nanolayered Fe 2 AlB 2 in nitrogen and argon atmospheres (2020)

Abstract The thermal stability and decomposition mechanisms of Fe 2 AlB 2 powders, synthesized by reactive powder metallurgy, were studied under nitrogen (N 2 ) or argon (Ar) atmospheres. The effects of using different FeB precursors to synthesize the Fe 2 AlB 2 and hydrochloric acid (HCl) purification treatments on the thermal stability were also investigated. When as‐synthesized Fe 2 AlB 2 powders are treated in dilute HCl to dissolve impurity phases, decomposition in N 2 atmospheres occurs readily above 1200 K. The decomposition reaction involves β‐FeB precipitation and the liberated Al atoms reacting with the ambient N 2 to form AlN. Under Ar environments, HCl‐treated Fe 2 AlB 2 powders decompose and precipitate β‐FeB, by the out‐diffusion of Al from the nanolaminated structure. Interestingly, isothermal annealing under N 2 atmospheres revealed that Fe 2 AlB 2 was more thermally stable when synthesized from lab‐synthesized, instead of commercially available, FeB precursors and when the HCl treatment was avoided. The effects of the various factors on the decomposition temperature and decomposition mechanisms are discussed herein.
Comparative Assessment of the Ligand and Metal Ion Binding Properties of Integrins α9β1 and α4β1 (2002)

Integrins alpha9beta1 and alpha4beta1 form a distinct structural class, but while alpha4beta1 has been subjected to extensive study, alpha9beta1 remains poorly characterized. We have used the small molecule N-(benzenesulfonyl)-(L)-prolyl-(L)-O-(1-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)tyrosine (3) to investigate the biochemical properties of alpha9beta1 and directly compare these properties with those of alpha4beta1. Compound 3 has a high affinity for both integrins with K(D) values of < or =3 and 180 pM for alpha9beta1 in 1 mM Mn2+ (activating) and 1 mM Ca2+ and 1 mM Mg2+ (nonactivating) conditions and < or =5 and 730 pM for alpha4beta1 under the corresponding conditions. Ca2+ treatment promoted the binding of 3 to both integrins (EC50 = 30 microM Ca2+ in both cases). Compound 3 binding to both integrins was also stimulated by the addition of the activating monoclonal antibody TS2/16. These findings indicate that the mechanisms by which metal ions and TS2/16 regulate ligand binding to alpha9beta1 and alpha4beta1 are similar. The binding of 3 to both integrins induced the mAb 9EG7 LIBS epitope, a property consistent with occupancy of the receptor's ligand binding site by 3. But whereas EGTA treatment inhibited the binding of 9EG7 to alpha4beta1, it stimulated the binding of 9EG7 to alpha9beta1. The 9EG7 and TS2/16 effects point to contributions of the beta1-chains on binding. Cross-linking data revealed that the integrin alpha-chains are also involved in binding the small molecule, as stable linkages were observed on both the alpha9 chain of alpha9beta1 and the alpha4 chain of alpha4beta1. Extensive structure-activity analyses with natural and synthetic ligands indicate distinct features of the ligand binding pockets. Most notable was the estimated >1000-fold difference in the affinity of the integrins for VCAM-1, which binds alpha4beta1with an apparent K(D) of 10 nM and alpha9beta1 with an apparent K(D) of >10 microM. Differences were also seen in the binding of alpha9beta1 and alpha4beta1 to osteopontin. Compound 3 competed effectively for the binding of VCAM-1 and osteopontin to both integrins. While these studies show many similarities in the biochemical properties of alpha9beta1 and alpha4beta1, they identify important differences in their structure and function that can be exploited in the design of selective alpha9beta1 and alpha4beta1 inhibitors.
Mechanism of Action of Hindered Amines as Long-Term Heat Stabilizers (2007)

Although Hindered Amine Stabilizers (HAS) originally only were used as UV-Stabilizer, it is nowadays well known that they act as stabilizers against the thermo-oxidative degradation of polypropylene (PP) too. Their mechanism of action is different from the traditionally used phenolic antioxidants (PAO). A comparison was made between the effectivity of a PAO and a HAS as long-term heat stabilizer. It is found that both types of stabilizer interfere in different ways in the degradation of PP. These differences will be clarified using results on the degradation of unstabilized PP and model experiments with decalin, decalin / lauryladehyde mixtures and squalane. For oligomeric HAS types containing different aliphatic amines in their backbone, differences in activity were found. For these HAS types, it is shown that parts of the backbone can act as stabilizer too.
Automation of ROI extraction in hyperspectral breast images (2013)

The extraction of regions-of-interest (ROIs) in hyperspectral images of breast cancer specimens is currently carried out manually or by visual inspection. In order to address the labor-intensive and time-consuming process of the manual extraction of ROIs in hyperspectral images, an algorithm is developed in this paper to automate the extraction process. This is achieved by using a contrast module and a homogeneity module to duplicate the same manual or visual steps that an expert goes through in order to extract ROIs. The success of the automated process is determined by comparing the classification rates of the automated approach with the manual approach in terms of the ability to separate cancer cases from normal cases.