gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Water-Soluble Copolymers. 61. Microstructural Investigation of Pyrenesulfonamide-Labeled Polyelectrolytes. Variation of Label Proximity Utilizing Micellar Polymerization (1995)

Synthesis of a series of pyrenesulfonamide-labeled polyelectrolytes viith varied label proximities has been accomplished by a micellar polymerization technique. The solution properties of these terpolymers consisting of acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), and N-[(1-pyrenylsulfonamido)ethyl]-acrylamide (APS) are examined using viscometry, light scattering, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Classical light scattering indicates high molecular weights (&gt;1 x 10(6)) and very good polymer solvation even at high NaCl concentrations (A(2) similar to 10(4) cm(3) mol/g(2)). Viscometry and dynamic light scattering studies indicate no interpolymer aggregation of the hydrophobic APS labels. Also, no intermolecular associations are evident through measurement of I-E/I-M as a function of terpolymer concentration in 0.5 M NaCl or at pH 3 and 7. Further photophysical results are interpreted on the basis of intramolecular excimer formation. Steady-state fluorescence emission studies indicate that I-E/I-M scales with the surfactant to APS ratio (SMR) in polymerizations. Also, I-E/I-m is a linear function of n, the initial number of APS monomer molecules per micelle. Steady-state excitation and time-resolved fluorescence emission studies have been utilized to probe the microenvironment surrounding the APS labels at varying polymer concentration, electrolyte concentration, and pH values.
Contribution à l'étude du système quinaire Ca++NH4+H+NO3‐PO4−H2O. XIX. Les solutions saturées, à 25°, de phosphate double de calcium et d'ammonium Ca9(NH4)4H32(PO4)18, 10H2O (1956)

Abstract 1° Le présent mémoire concerne le domaine de saturation du phosphate double de calcium et d'ammonium Ca 9 (NH 4 ) 4 H 32 (PO 4 ) 18 , 10H 2 O («sel double D I ») dans le diagramme de solubiljté du systbme qujnaire Ca ++ NH 4 + H + NO 3 − PO 4 −−− H 2 O établi pour la température de 25°.
CrAsH−Quantum Dot Nanohybrids for Smart Targeting of Proteins (2008)

Smart nanohybrids were prepared by conjugation of CrAsH to hydrosoluble and biocompatible quantum dots (QDs). The resulting probes were shown to bind efficiently and selectively to Cys-tagged proteins. The interaction with the protein was detected by an increase of the fluorescence emission of CrAsH. While the latter faded rapidly under continuous excitation, emission of the QD remained unaffected. The persistent fluorescence of the QD should thus allow extended monitoring of the target protein.
Sensor Scheduling for Linear Systems: A Covariance Tracking Approach (2021)

We consider the classical sensor scheduling problem for linear systems where only one sensor is activated at each time. We show that the sensor scheduling problem has a close relation to the sensor design problem and the solution of a sensor schedule problem can be extracted from an equivalent sensor design problem. We propose a convex relaxation to the sensor design problem and a reference covariance trajectory is obtained from solving the relaxed sensor design problem. Afterwards, a covariance tracking algorithm is designed to obtain an approximate solution to the sensor scheduling problem using the reference covariance trajectory obtained from the sensor design problem. While the sensor scheduling problem is NP-hard, the proposed framework circumvents this computational complexity by decomposing this problem into a convex sensor design problem and a covariance tracking problem. We provide theoretical justification and a sub-optimality bound for the proposed method using dynamic programming. The proposed method is validated over several experiments portraying the efficacy of the framework.
Clonal evolution analysis of paired anaplastic and well‐differentiated thyroid carcinomas reveals shared common ancestor (2018)

Foci of papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma are frequently noted in thyroidectomy specimens of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). However, whether ATCs evolve from these co-existing well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas (WDTCs) has not been well-understood. To investigate the progression of ATC in patients with co-existing WDTCs, five ATC tumors with co-existing WDTCs and matching normal tissues were whole-exome sequenced. After mapping the somatic alteration landscape, evolutionary lineages were constructed by sub-clone analysis. Though each tumor harbored at least some unique private mutations, all five ATCs demonstrated numerous overlapping mutations with matched WDTCs. Clonal analysis further demonstrated that each ATC/WDTC pair shared a common ancestor, with some pairs diverging early in their evolution and others in which the ATC seems to arise directly from a sub-clone of the WDTC. Though the precise lineal relationship remains ambiguous, based on the genetic relationship, our study clearly suggests a shared origin of ATC and WDTC.
BET-bromodomain and EZH2 inhibitor–treated chronic GVHD mice have blunted germinal centers with distinct transcriptomes (2022)

Despite advances in the field, chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGVHD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Because treatment options remain limited, we tested efficacy of anticancer, chromatin-modifying enzyme inhibitors in a clinically relevant murine model of cGVHD with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). We observed that the novel enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor JQ5 and the BET-bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 each improved pulmonary function; impaired the germinal center (GC) reaction, a prerequisite in cGVHD/BO pathogenesis; and JQ5 reduced EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 in donor T cells. Using conditional EZH2 knockout donor cells, we demonstrated that EZH2 is obligatory for the initiation of cGVHD/BO. In a sclerodermatous cGVHD model, JQ5 reduced the severity of cutaneous lesions. To determine how the 2 drugs could lead to the same physiological improvements while targeting unique epigenetic processes, we analyzed the transcriptomes of splenic GCB cells (GCBs) from transplanted mice treated with either drug. Multiple inflammatory and signaling pathways enriched in cGVHD/BO GCBs were reduced by each drug. GCBs from JQ5- but not JQ1-treated mice were enriched for proproliferative pathways also seen in GCBs from bone marrow-only transplanted mice, likely reflecting their underlying biology in the unperturbed state. In conjunction with in vivo data, these insights led us to conclude that epigenetic targeting of the GC is a viable clinical approach for the treatment of cGVHD, and that the EZH2 inhibitor JQ5 and the BET-bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 demonstrated clinical potential for EZH2i and BETi in patients with cGVHD/BO.
Factors in a Security Printing & Imaging Based Anti-Counterfeiting Ecosystem (2010)

 Factors in a Security Printing & Imaging Based Anti-Counterfeiting Ecosystem Steven J. Simske, Margaret Sturgill, Jason Aronoff, Marie Vans
CERMINE: CERMINE 1.8 (2016)

Content ExtRactor and MINEr
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Thioxoheterocycles with N‐Chloramides. Part 3. 2‐ or 4‐Thiopyridones Without Substituents at the Nitrogen Atom and Sodium N‐Chlorobenzenesulfonamides. (1990)

Abstract The reaction of the 2‐pyridinethiones (I) with the sulfonamides (II) yields, depending on the reaction conditions, the sodium bis(sulfonamidates) (III), the sulfonamides (IV) and the sulfinimidic esters (VI).
Data from Identification of Somatically Acquired <i>BRCA1/2</i> Mutations by cfDNA Analysis in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Plasma genotyping may identify mutations in potentially “actionable” cancer genes, such as &lt;i&gt;BRCA1/2&lt;/i&gt;, but their clinical significance is not well-defined. We evaluated the characteristics of somatically acquired &lt;i&gt;BRCA1/2&lt;/i&gt; mutations in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC).&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Patients with MBC undergoing routine cell-free DNA (cfDNA) next-generation sequencing (73-gene panel) before starting a new therapy were included. Somatic &lt;i&gt;BRCA1/2&lt;/i&gt; mutations were classified as known germline pathogenic mutations or novel variants, and linked to clinicopathologic characteristics. The effect of the PARP inhibitor, olaparib, was assessed &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, using cultured circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from a patient with a somatically acquired &lt;i&gt;BRCA1&lt;/i&gt; mutation and a second patient with an acquired &lt;i&gt;BRCA2&lt;/i&gt; mutation.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Among 215 patients with MBC, 29 (13.5%) had somatic cfDNA &lt;i&gt;BRCA1/2&lt;/i&gt; mutations [nine (4%) known germline pathogenic and rest (9%) novel variants]. Known germline pathogenic &lt;i&gt;BRCA1/2&lt;/i&gt; mutations were common in younger patients (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.008), those with triple-negative disease (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.022), and they were more likely to be protein-truncating alterations and be associated with &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt; mutations. Functional analysis of a CTC culture harboring a somatic &lt;i&gt;BRCA1&lt;/i&gt; mutation demonstrated high sensitivity to PARP inhibition, while another CTC culture harboring a somatic &lt;i&gt;BRCA2&lt;/i&gt; mutation showed no differential sensitivity. Across the entire cohort, APOBEC mutational signatures (COSMIC Signatures 2 and 13) and the “BRCA” mutational signature (COSMIC Signature 3) were present in &lt;i&gt;BRCA1/2-&lt;/i&gt;mutant and wild-type cases, demonstrating the high mutational burden associated with advanced MBC.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Somatic &lt;i&gt;BRCA1/2&lt;/i&gt; mutations are readily detectable in MBC by cfDNA analysis, and may be present as both known germline pathogenic and novel variants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The Activation of the Rat Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Gene by Hydrogen Peroxide through the Hydrogen Peroxide-responsive Element and by Paraquat and Heat Shock through the Same Heat Shock Element (1999)

Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) protects cells against oxidative hazards by the dismutation of superoxide radicals. The promoter activity of the SOD1 gene was increased 3-5-fold by hydrogen peroxide, paraquat (PQ) and heat shock. Functional analyses of the regulatory region of the SOD1 gene by deletions, mutations, and heterologous promoter systems confirmed the induction of the SOD1 gene by H(2)O(2) through the hydrogen peroxide-responsive element (HRE) (between nucleotides -533 and -520). Gel mobility shift assays showed that the existence of an H(2)O(2)-inducible protein bound to the oligonucleotide of the HRE. Similar analyses showed that the heat shock activated the SOD1 promoter through the heat shock element (HSE) (between nucleotides -185 and -171). A strong specific far-shifted complex with the oligonucleotide of the HSE was observed by the treatment of heat shock. When cells were treated with PQ, a strong far-shifted complex with the HSE was observed and was competed out by the cold HSE probe, indicating that PQ also activated the SOD1 promoter through the same HSE site. It is very interesting to note that chemical and physical stresses, such as PQ and heat shock, respectively, activated the SOD1 promoter through the same cis-element HSE. These results indicate that the SOD1 was inducible by H(2)O(2) through the HRE and by PQ and heat shock through the same HSE to protect cells from oxidative hazards.
An experimental study of priority queues in external memory (2000)

In this paper we compare the performance of eight different priority queue implementations: four of them are explicitly designed to work in an external-memory setting, the others are standard internal-memory queues available in the LEDA library [Mehlhorn and Näher 1999]. Two of the external-memory priority queues are obtained by engineering known internal-memory priority queues with the aim of achieving effective performance on external storage devices (i.e., Radix heaps [Ahuja et al. 1990] and array heaps [Thorup 1996]). Our experimental framework includes some simple tests, like random sequences of insert or delete-minimum operations, as well as more advanced tests consisting of intermixed sequences of update operations and "application driven" update sequences originated by simulations of Dijkstra's algorithm on large graph instances. Our variegate spectrum of experimental results gives a good picture of the features of these priority queues, thus being helpful to anyone interested in the use of such data structures on very large data sets.
The valorization of non-patent intellectual property in academic medical centers (2020)

Turning university research output into useful products such as drugs, devices and diagnostics requires skills, knowledge, and resources traditionally attributed to private industry. When it comes to intangibles such as care delivery models, informatics and algorithms, and the software behind smart wearables, the commercialization challenges are even greater. With notable exceptions, Academic Medical Centers have typically not excelled in advancing commercialization of such non-patent intellectual property (IP). We believe that this is in part because the traditional closed form university IP policy, formulated since Bayh-Dole (1980), is ill-suited to non-patent IP. In this paper, we reflect on the evolving challenges that new forms of healthcare-related discoveries, specifically non-patent IP, are placing on the traditional university intellectual property and technology transfer regime, and to offer suggestions on how universities can begin to modernize their IP policies to support the valorization of non-patent IP.
Optical second harmonic generation in reflection from silicon carbide films (1992)

Abstract Second harmonic generation in reflection has been used to investigate the crystal properties of silicon carbide surfaces. By using a passively mode‐locked pulsed Nd 3+ : YAG laser the variation of the crystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous phase of silicon carbide at the surface has been investigated. The method is shown to be a sensitive and practical method to investigate the departure from perfect crystalline order at the surface.
An Environment for Automated Measuring of Energy Consumed by Android Mobile Devices (2016)

Mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, and e-readers have become the dominant type of computing platforms. Energy-efficiency has become a key design and operating requirement for applications running on mobile devices. It is further underscored by a growing reliance of consumers on services delivered through mobile devices and their growing complexity and sophistication. A detailed measurement-based characterization of energy needs of mobile applications is important for both device manufacturers and application developers, as it may identify energy-demanding activities and guide optimizations. In this paper, we describe an environment for automated energy measurements of applications running on Android mobile devices. We discuss hardware and software aspects of the environment and several approaches to runtime capturing and timestamping of activities of interest. Finally, we demonstrate the use of the environment in several case studies conducted on Googleâs Nexus 4 smartphone.
Constrained Role-Based Delegation (2003)

Delegation is a promising alternative to traditional role administration paradigms in role-based systems. It empowers users to exercise discretion in how they use resources as it is in discretionary access control (DAC). Unlike the anarchy of DAC, in role-based access control (RBAC) higher-level organizational policies can be specified on roles to regulate user’s action. Delegations and revocations are thus governed by these authorization policies. In this paper, we propose a policy approach for specifying and enforcing delegation authorizations. We present a mechanism for constructing authorization policies using a set of rules. Our rule-based language is flexible and powerful to specify and enforce authorization constraints. In addition, rules can also be used to define the exceptions for future actions and resolve possible conflicts.
Synthesis of (1R,2S,3R,4R)-2,3,4-trihydroxycyclopentylamine from D-ribonolactone (1994)

A. H. Ingall, P. R. Moore and S. M. Roberts, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 83 DOI: 10.1039/C39940000083
An electron microscopy study of wear in polysilicon microelectromechanical systems. (2005)

Wear is a critical factor in determining the durability of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). While the reliability of polysilicon MEMS has received extensive attention, the mechanisms responsible for this failure mode at the microscale have yet to be conclusively determined. We have used on-chip polycrystalline silicon side-wall friction MEMS specimens to study active mechanisms during sliding wear in ambient air. Worn parts were examined by analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopy, while local temperature changes were monitored using advanced infrared microscopy. Observations show that small amorphous debris particles ({approx}50-100 nm) are removed by fracture through the silicon grains ({approx}500 nm) and are oxidized during this process. Agglomeration of such debris particles into larger clusters also occurs. Some of these debris particles/clusters create plowing tracks on the beam surface. A nano-crystalline surface layer ({approx}20-200 nm), with higher oxygen content, forms during wear at and below regions of the worn surface; its formation is likely aided by high local stresses. No evidence of dislocation plasticity or of extreme local temperature increases was found, ruling out the possibility of high temperature-assisted wear mechanisms.
Development of a Sensor Fusion System for Visible Ray and Infrared (2000)

Every object emits some energy from its surface. The emission energy forms surface heat distribution which we can capture by using an infrared thermal imager. The infrared thermal image may include valuable information regarding to the subsurface anomaly of the object. Since a thermal image reflects surface clutter and subsurface anomaly, we have difficulty in extracting the information on the subsurface anomaly only with thermal images taken under a wavelength. Thus, we use visible wavelength images of the object surface to remove exterior clutter. We, therefore in this paper, visualize the infrared image for overlaying it with a visible wavelength image. First, we make an interpolated image from two ordinary images taken from both sides of an infrared sensor. Next, we overlay the intermediate image with an infrared image taken from the infrared camera. The technique suggested in this paper can be utilized for analyzing the infrared images on non-destructive inspection against disaster and for safety.
Chromatographic evaluation of stationary phases imprinted with penicillin G. (2002)

Penicillin G (benzylpenicillin, 1), produced by Penicillin chrysogenum, is used commonly in human and veterinary medicine. It belongs to the β-lactam class of antibiotics. In this study, stationary phases for chromatography were prepared by molecular imprinting using penicillin G as the template. Corresponding control polymers were imprinted with a non-related template. The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized from methacrylic acid and trimethylolopropane trimethacrylate by radical bulk polymerization. The bulk polymers were ground to particles, fractionated by sieving, and packed into columns. The stationary phases were evaluated by HPLC.
90 years of Arctic Ocean Exploration at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2020)

In 2020, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) celebrates 90 years of research, education, and exploration of the World Ocean. Since inception this has included Arctic studies. In fact, WHOI’s first technical report is on the oceanographic data obtained during the submarine “Nautilus” polar expedition in 1931. In 1951 and 1952, WHOI scientists supervised the collection of hydrographic data during the U.S. Navy SkiJump I &amp; II expeditions utilizing ski-equipped aircraft landings in the Beaufort Sea, and inferred the Beaufort Gyre circulation cell and existence of a mid-Arctic ridge. Later classified studies, particularly concerning under-ice acoustics, were conducted by WHOI personnel from Navy and Air Force ice camps. With the advent of simple satellite communications and positioning, WHOI oceanographers began to deploy buoys on sea ice to obtain surface atmosphere, ice, and upper ocean time series data in the central Arctic beginning in 1987. Observations from these first systems were limited technologically to discrete depths and constrained by power considerations, satellite throughput, as well as high costs. As technologies improved, WHOI developed the drifting Ice-Tethered Profiler (ITP) to obtain vertically continuous upper ocean data several times per day in the ice-covered basins and telemeter the data back in near real time to the lab. Since the 1980s, WHOI scientists have also been involved in geological, biological, ecological and geochemical studies of Arctic waters, typically from expeditions utilizing icebreaking vessels, or air supported drifting platforms. Since the 2000s, WHOI has maintained oceanographic moorings on the Beaufort Shelf and in the deep Canada Basin, the latter an element of the Beaufort Gyre Observing System (BGOS). BGOS maintains oceanographic moorings via icebreaker, and conducts annual hydrographic and geochemical surveys each summer to document the Beaufort Gyre freshwater reservoir that has changed significantly since earlier investigations from the 1950s–1980s. With the experience and results demonstrated over the past decades for furthering Arctic research, WHOI scientists are well positioned to continue to explore and study the polar oceans in the decades ahead
Elucidating and Mitigating High-Voltage Interfacial Chemomechanical Degradation of Nickel-Rich Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes Via Conformal Graphene Coating (2022)

Layered-type, nickel-rich lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (NMCs) are well-established cathode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. These materials exhibit stable cycling within mild voltage windows (up to 4.3 V vs. Li/Li + ) but can be charged to higher potentials (4.8 V vs. Li/Li + ) to access additional capacity. However, high-voltage operation is generally avoided due to severe interfacial and chemomechanical degradation, such as electrolyte decomposition reactions and non-uniform buildup of chemomechanical strains that can result in particle fracture and compromised cyclability. In this work, we find that a conformal graphene coating enables significant enhancements in the cycle life and coulombic efficiency of NMC cathodes during high voltage electrochemical cycling. Postmortem surface chemical analysis reveals that graphene-coated NMC electrodes exhibit reduced spectral intensities corresponding to electrolyte decomposition products, suggesting that the interfacial graphene layer limits parasitic electrode-electrolyte interactions. Furthermore, global and local structural analysis shows that the graphene coating mitigates mechanical degradation, which was evidenced by reduced microstrain, particle fracture, and electrochemical creep. Based on these observations, we propose a mechanistic relationship between the spatial uniformity of lithium flux and primary particle-level mechanical degradation, and show that a conformal graphene coating is well-suited to address these issues associated with high voltage chemomechanical degradation. Overall, these results delineate a pathway for rationally mitigating high-voltage chemomechanical degradation of nickel-rich cathodes that can be applied to existing and emerging classes of battery materials. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.1c01995
Stereoselectivity in Intramolecular Cyclization of Non‐Conjugated Unsaturated Ketones Electroreduction. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.