gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced changes in the complex index of refraction resulting from photoinduced charge transfer in conjugated polymer/fullerene blends (1997)

We report steady-state photoinduced absorption (PIA) and photoinduced reflectance (PIR) in films of MEH-PPV and BCHA- PPV blended with fullerene-based acceptors. Absorption from the metastable charge-transferred state is probed by PIA; the modulated absorption spectrum causes changes in the real part of the index of refraction, (Delta) n, which can be measured directly by PIR. The charge transfer gives rise to pronounced features in (Delta) n, including vibrational structure in the mid- and near-IR. Our measurements over a wide spectral range allow quantitative comparison of (Delta) n obtained from PIR with that obtained from Kramers- Kronig transformation of the PIA data. We find good agreement throughout the IR, indicating that our method for measuring (Delta) n is useful as an analytical tool for optical characterization and for prediction of optical spectral ranges for nonlinear optical response.
Aminosyn II effectively blocks renal uptake of 18F-labeled anti-tac disulfide-stabilized Fv. (1998)

Because intact IgG has limitations as a tumor-imaging agent, radiolabeled Fv fragments are being evaluated. Due to the high renal accumulation of Fv fragments, methods to block renal uptake are being sought. This study evaluated how well Aminosyn II, a Food and Drug Administration-approved 15% amino acid solution, would block the renal accumulation of 18F anti-Tac disulfide-stabilized Fv (dsFv) fragments (small fragments with high renal uptake). The anti-Tac dsFv is directed against the alpha subunit of the interleukin 2 receptor. It was labeled at specific activities of 1.1-2.7 mCi/mg using N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluoromethyl benzoate. Four adult baboons were injected i.v. with 0.7-1.9 mCi and 150 microg of dsFv. Each baboon was preinjected with Aminosyn II i.v. and, on a separate occasion, with a control solution. Thirty min before injection of 18F-labeled anti-Tac dsFv, a bolus of either solution was given, followed by a constant infusion of 13.3 ml/kg/h. Quantitative positron emission tomography imaging was performed. The amino acid levels in serum were measured serially. The baseline levels of lysine (and other amino acids) in plasma were not significantly different in either the Aminosyn II or control infusion group and did not change during the control infusion. In the Aminosyn II group, lysine levels in plasma 5 min before anti-Tac dsFv infusion were 5-15 times higher than the baseline value and continued to rise during the infusion. The areas under the curve in blood of the 18F-labeled anti-Tac dsFv, from time of injection to end of imaging, expressed as percentage injected dose (%ID), were 28.94 +/- 4.05%ID x h/liter (mean +/- SD) for the control group and 32.09 +/- 11.15%ID x h/liter for the Aminosyn II group (P = 0.54). The peak concentration of 18F-labeled anti-Tac dsFv in the kidney of the controls was 24.53 +/- 4.34%ID; the value in the Aminosyn II group was 5.39 +/- 1.89%ID, representing a mean decrease of 78.5%. The times to reach 90% of the peak levels of 18F in the kidney were 5.6 +/- 3.0 min for the Aminosyn II group and 33.8 +/- 4.8 min for the control group. The amounts excreted in urine by 90 min were 47.7 +/- 8.55%ID and 78.5 +/- 12.8%ID (P = 0.01) for the controls and Aminosyn II group, respectively. In conclusion, Aminosyn II effectively blocks the renal accumulation of 18F-labeled anti-Tac dsFv. Use of Aminosyn II should allow much higher tracer administration for the same radiation exposure to the target organ (kidney).
How to Securely Replicate Services (1992)

A method is presented for constructing replicated services that retain their availability and their intended role in a secure version of the Isis system is also described.
Fabrication of Mechanically Tunable and Bioactive Metal Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications (2015)

Biometal systems have been widely used for biomedical applications, in particular, as load-bearing materials. However, major challenges are high stiffness and low bioactivity of metals. In this study, we have developed a new method towards fabricating a new type of bioactive and mechanically reliable porous metal scaffolds-densified porous Ti scaffolds. The method consists of two fabrication processes, 1) the fabrication of porous Ti scaffolds by dynamic freeze casting, and 2) coating and densification of the porous scaffolds. The dynamic freeze casting method to fabricate porous Ti scaffolds allowed the densification of porous scaffolds by minimizing the chemical contamination and structural defects. The densification process is distinctive for three reasons. First, the densification process is simple, because it requires a control of only one parameter (degree of densification). Second, it is effective, as it achieves mechanical enhancement and sustainable release of biomolecules from porous scaffolds. Third, it has broad applications, as it is also applicable to the fabrication of functionally graded porous scaffolds by spatially varied strain during densification.
Partitioning variability in animal behavioral videos using semi-supervised variational autoencoders (2021)

Abstract Recent neuroscience studies demonstrate that a deeper understanding of brain function requires a deeper understanding of behavior. Detailed behavioral measurements are now often collected using video cameras, resulting in an increased need for computer vision algorithms that extract useful information from video data. Here we introduce a new video analysis tool that combines the output of supervised pose estimation algorithms (e.g. DeepLabCut) with unsupervised dimensionality reduction methods to produce interpretable, low-dimensional representations of behavioral videos that extract more information than pose estimates alone. We demonstrate this tool by extracting interpretable behavioral features from videos of three different head-fixed mouse preparations, as well as a freely moving mouse in an open field arena, and show how these interpretable features can facilitate downstream behavioral and neural analyses. We also show how the behavioral features produced by our model improve the precision and interpretation of these downstream analyses compared to using the outputs of either fully supervised or fully unsupervised methods alone.
The use of genome wide association methods to investigate pathogenicity, population structure and serovar in Haemophilus parasuis (2014)

These genes will inform the generation of new molecular diagnostics and vaccines, and refinement of existing typing schemes and show the importance of the accessory genome of a diverse species when investigating the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes.
112 Gb/s PAM4 Transmission over 2 km SMF Using a C-band GeSi Electro-Absorption Modulator (2018)

We demonstrate 112 Gb/s 4-level pulse amplitude modulation over 2 km of SMF using a C-band GeSi electro-absorption modulator for data-center interconnects. Also, we present first results towards 400 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexed transmission.
Identification of a cell-penetrating peptide domain from human beta-defensin 3 and characterization of its anti-inflammatory activity (2015)

Human beta-defensins (hBDs) are crucial factors of intrinsic immunity that function in the immunologic response to a variety of invading enveloped viruses, bacteria, and fungi. hBDs can cause membrane depolarization and cell lysis due to their highly cationic nature. These molecules participate in antimicrobial defenses and the control of adaptive and innate immunity in every mammalian species and are produced by various cell types. The C-terminal 15-mer peptide within hBD3, designated as hBD3-3, was selected for study due to its cell- and skin-penetrating activity, which can induce anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. hBD3-3 penetrated both the outer membrane of the cells and mouse skin within a short treatment period. Two other peptide fragments showed poorer penetration activity compared to hBD3-3. hBD3-3 inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, and secretory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, hBD3-3 reduced the interstitial infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a lung inflammation model. Further investigation also revealed that hBD3-3 downregulated nuclear factor kappa B-dependent inflammation by directly suppressing the degradation of phosphorylated-IκBα and by downregulating active nuclear factor kappa B p65. Our findings indicate that hBD3-3 may be conjugated with drugs of interest to ensure their proper translocation to sites, such as the cytoplasm or nucleus, as hBD3-3 has the ability to be used as a carrier, and suggest a potential approach to effectively treat inflammatory diseases.
Laser Activation Modification of Semiconductor Surfaces (LAMSS) (2006)

In this letter, we report a new and extremely rapid technique for surface modification, which we term laser activation modification of semiconductor surfaces or LAMSS. This method consists of wetting a semiconductor surface (e.g., silicon or germanium) with a reactive compound and then firing a highly focused nanosecond pulse of laser light through the transparent liquid onto the surface. The high peak power of the pulse at the surface activates the surface so that it reacts with the liquid with which it is in contact. Evidence for functionalization of the spots is given by ToF-SIMS imaging and small-spot XPS.
Refining Waste Spent Hydroprocessing Catalyst And Their Metal Recovery (2017)

Catalysts play an important role in producing valuable fuel products in petroleum refining; but, due to feedstock’s impurities catalyst gets deactivated with carbon and metal deposition. The disposal of spent catalyst falls under the category of hazardous industrial waste that requires strict agreement with environmental regulations. The spent hydroprocessing catalyst contains Mo, V and Ni at high concentrations that have been found to be economically significant for recovery. Metal recovery process includes deoiling, decoking, grinding, dissolving and treatment with complexing leaching agent such as ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). The process conditions have been optimized as a function of time, temperature and EDTA concentration in presence of ultrasonic agitation. The results indicated that optimum condition established through this approach could recover 97%, 94% and 95% of the extracted Mo, V and Ni, respectively, while 95% EDTA was recovered after acid treatment.
Combining anti-CTLA4 with RG7787, an immunotoxin targeting mesothelin, promotes tumor eradication (2015)

Meeting abstracts Antibodies to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) potentiate an immune response against cancer. Response rates in melanoma patients are range from 10 to 19%[[1][1]]. To increase the efficacy and variety of cancer types treated by anti CTLA4, a combination therapy
Phenomenological aspects of new gravitational forces. III. Slowly rotating astronomical bodies (1987)

In this paper we expand the phenomenological quantum-gravity formalism developed previously and study the gravitational interaction of a slowly rotating body. We investigate in detail the ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{2}$ effects of (the massive) vector and scalar partners of the graviton, as well as those due to standard tensor gravity. An application to E\"otv\"os experiments shows that the vector and scalar coupling constants would have to be unexpectedly large for ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{2}$ terms to account for postulated effects. We close with a short discussion on other possible applications.
Information Theoretically Secure Encryption with Almost Free Authentication (2020)

Abstract: In cryptology, secure channels enable the exchange of messages in a confidential and authenticated manner. The literature of cryptology is rich with proposals and analysis that address the secure communication over public (insecure) channels. In this work, we propose an informa-tion theoretically secure direction for the construction of secure channels. First, we propose a method of achieving unconditionally secure authentication with half the amount of key material required by traditional unconditionally secure message authentication codes (MACs). Key reduc-tion is achieved by utilizing the special structure of the authenticated encryption system. That is, authentication exploits the secrecy of the message to reduce the key material required for authen-tication. After the description of our method, since key material is the most important concern in unconditionally secure authentication, given the message is encrypted with a perfectly secret one-time pad cipher, we extend our method to achieve unconditionally secure authentication with almost free key material. That is, we propose a method for unconditionally authenticating arbi-trarily long messages with much shorter keys. Finally, we will show how the special structure of the authenticated encryption systems can be exploited to achieve provably secure authentication that is very efficient for the authentication of short messages.
Reconstruction with most likely trajectory for proton computed tomography (2004)

Advantages of proton computed tomography (pCT) have been recognized in the past decades. However, the quality of pCT images is limited due to the stochastic nature of the proton path inside the object. Numerous small angle scatters by the nuclei Coulomb field cause the exact proton path impossible to trace. The reconstruction from measurements of the proton energy-loss has a spatial resolution limit due to these deflections. However, it has been shown that the proton path inside a uniform medium follows certain probability distribution so that a most likely trajectory (MLT) can be derived analytically for each proton. For real scan of a regular non-uniform object in pCT, the internal trajectory is better approximated by the MLT rather than a straight-line estimation. In this report, we presented preliminary studies on how the curved trajectories would affect the quality of the reconstructed images, and how much improvement we can achieve in reconstruction with the exact trajectory information. Analytical simulations with three phantoms, including a uniform disk phantom, multi-hole Aluminum phantom and Shepp-Logan phantom, were performed using artificial internal trajectories calculated based on the entrance and exit proton information. Reconstructions with the exact paths were compared to those with the straight-line path estimation. Significant improvement in density uniformity and spatial resolution were observed in the reconstructions with the path information.
A Study of Stabilization for Insoluble Active Ingredients Using Swollen Micelles (2016)

마이셀을 이용한 가용화 제형은 화장품 산업에서 스킨 로션, 토너, 미스트 등 다양한 제형으로 이용되고 있다. 마이셀은 입자 자체가 매우 작기 때문에 효능 물질의 담지체 역할보다는 향을 가용화시키는 정도로 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 효능 물질인 <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-sitosterol을 담지 할 수 있는 새로운 마이셀을 개발하기 위하여 투명한 외관을 갖는 swollen micelle을 고려하였다. 특히, 효능 성분과의 용해도 계수를 고려하여 swollen micelle을 제조함으로써 난용성 효능 성분이 마이셀 내부에 안정하게 존재할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 개발하였다. 이렇게 만들어진 swollen micelle의 안정도는 동적광산란장치(dynamic light scattering, DLS)를 이용하여 확인하였고, 투명한 입자의 외관과 모양은 육안 관찰 및 cryo-TEM을 통해 확인하였다. 또한, DSC를 이용한 열분석을 통해 난용성 효능 성분인 <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-sitosterol이 swollen micelle 내에서 안정하게 존재함을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 용해도 계수를 고려한 swollen micelle은 난용성 효능 성분의 새로운 담지체로서 이용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. Micelles, which are called solubilization formulation, have been widely used in skin lotion, mist or various formulations for the purpose of solubilizing the fragrance rather than the role of the active ingredient carrier because the particles are very small. In this study, we developed the swollen micelle having a transparent appearance to deliver <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-sitosterol. When preparing the swollen micelle, solubility parameter was considered with active ingredient. This method allowed insoluble active ingredient to be safely entrapped inside the micelles. Stability of micelle was evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The transparency and shape of the micelles were confirmed by cryo-TEM. In addition, through the thermal analysis using DSC, <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-sitosterol was found to be stably present in the swollen micelles. These results indicate that swollen micelles considered solubility parameter could be used as a new carrier for the insoluble active ingredients.
Evanescent wave coupling in terahertz waveguide arrays (2013)

We experimentally study THz evanescent wave coupling in an array of parallel-plate waveguides in close proximity. We observe stronger coupling with larger plate separations and longer propagation paths.
An RF–DC Converter with Wide-Dynamic-Range Input Matching for Power Recovery Applications (2013)

An improved RF-dc converter based on a class-E rectifier with wide-dynamic-range input matching is presented. The input impedance is controlled by two varactor diodes to compensate for impedance changes with RF input power and dc loading conditions. The RF-dc converter achieved a peak efficiency of 60% and an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> less than - 20 dB over an input RF power range of 12 dB and an operating battery voltage of 2.5-4.2 V at 800 MHz. An analytical model for input impedance and efficiency was developed and shown to match simulation and measurement results.
Starch digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract of humans (2017)

Starch provides a large proportion of the dietary energy consumed worldwide. The breakdown of dietary starch is driven by α‐amylase produced by the salivary glands and pancreatic acini and is completed by a range of brush‐border bound enzymes. This enzymatic digestion is aided by mechanical and secretory actions of the gastrointestinal tract. The absorption of the resultant glucose in the small intestine is primarily driven by two separate transport proteins − SGLT1 and GLUT2. The control of processes that govern starch digestion is complex and still not fully understood, although it appears that the human gut has the ability to sense both glucose and non‐sweet glucose oligomers. Recent work has also suggested that variations in the genes encoding for α‐amylase also appear to be associated with health outcomes. The authors consider the physiological factors that govern starch digestion and absorption, consider other dietary factors that may impact on this process and attempt to highlight the limitations in current knowledge to help focus future research needs in relation to starch digestion the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Aerodynamic behavior of microstructures (2002)

The lift and drag coefficients, C/sub L/ and C/sub D/, were measured for miniature airplane shaped structures, approximately 2 mm in length, made from silicon. The airflow regime surrounding the structures was laminar, similar to that found around comparably sized flying insects. The structures were attached to the tips of finely drawn, 30 /spl mu/m diameter glass rods, which were then placed inside a laminar fluid flow, with Re ranging from 76 to 207. By measuring the forces on the airplane due to lift and drag, C/sub L/ and C/sub D/ can be determined. The drag coefficient was found to be relatively independent of attack angle, increasing by only about 50% between 0/spl deg/ and 90/spl deg/. The experimental results, C/sub L/=0.5-1, and C/sub D/=1-4, were compared to values found using FEM analysis.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia Using Molybdenum-Based Catalyst (2015)

Introduction Today, ammonia is one of the most important chemical products, which is applicable in the production of fertilizer, explosive materials, and refrigerant (1). The traditional ammonia synthesis method is the Haber-Bosch process, in which nitrogen and hydrogen gases react on enriched iron catalyst at high pressure and temperature. Moreover, the final hydrogen conversion is low due to thermodynamic restrictions (2). Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is a promising process to overcome the limitation of the conventional catalytic rectors such as the low conversion, severe environmental pollution, and high energy consumption (3). Several metals such as platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), and iron (Fe) based catalysts have been tested for ammonia production through the electrochemical process (4). Apart from catalyst, different kinds of electrolyte including liquid electrolyte, molten salts, composite membrane, and solid state electrolyte have been tested for ammonia synthesis. Liquid electrolytes are effectively active at lower temperature with respect to other electrolytes (5). Although several studies have been performed on electrochemical synthesis of ammonia, most of them represent very low ammonia production rate even in high pressure or high temperature conditions. In this study, liquid electrolyte containing molybdenum (Mo) based catalyst will be investigated to facilitate electrochemical synthesis of ammonia at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature. The effect of catalyst concentration on the process yield will be studied to develop an appropriate catalytic media for the cathodic reaction of electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia. Pure hydrogen and nitrogen will be used in the process and product analysis will be performed using ammonia ion-selective electrode (ISE) to determine the concentration of ammonia. References 1. M. Karolewska, E. Truszkiewicz, B. Mierzwa, L. Kępiński and W. Raróg-Pilecka, Applied Catalysis A: General , 445 , 280 (2012). 2. W. Wang, X. Cao, W. Gao, F. Zhang, H. Wang and G. Ma, Journal of Membrane Science , 360 , 397 (2010). 3. I. A. Amar, R. Lan, C. T. Petit and S. Tao, Journal of solid state electrochemistry , 15 , 1845 (2011). 4. M. Hasnat, M. Karim and M. Machida, Catalysis Communications , 10 , 1975 (2009). 5. S. Giddey, S. Badwal and A. Kulkarni, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 38 , 14576 (2013).
Noninvasive Videourodynamics Using Transperineal Doppler Ultrasonography (2009)

A completely noninvasive transperineal urodynamic technique using Doppler ultrasonography has been developed. Because normal urine does not contain blood cells, urine was thought not to produce the Doppler effects. However, basic studies confirmed that the decrease of pressure at high velocity (Bernoulli effect) caused dissolved gas to form microbubbles, which can be detected by Doppler ultrasonography. Subjects were seated and a probe was advanced by remote control to achieve gentle contact with the perineal skin. Digital uroflow data signals and color Doppler ultrasound video images were processed on a personal computer. The flow velocity curves from two sites: the distal prostatic urethra just above the external sphincter (V 1 ) and the sphincteric urethra (V 2 ), were plotted against time. The parameters of the pressure flow studies and the Doppler ultrasound urodynamic studies were compared in men who had various degrees of obstruction. The functional cross‐sectional area at prostatic urethra (A 1 ), which was calculated by Q max /V 1 , was lower in the group with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) versus the control group. The velocity ratio (VR), which was calculated by V 1 /V 2 , was the parameter with the best correlation with BOO index; although A 1 had a similar correlation. This method is viable for diagnosing the degree of BOO. The development of noninvasive Doppler ultrasound videourodynamics will dramatically add to the knowledge regarding voiding function.