gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The human tissue-resident CCR5 + T cell compartment maintains protective and functional properties during inflammation (2019)

CCR5 is thought to play a central role in orchestrating migration of cells in response to inflammation. CCR5 antagonists can reduce inflammatory disease processes, which has led to an increased interest in using CCR5 antagonists in a wide range of inflammation-driven diseases. Paradoxically, these antagonists appear to function without negatively affecting host immunity at barrier sites. We reasoned that the resolution to this paradox may lie in the CCR5<sup>+</sup> T cell populations that permanently reside in tissues. We used a single-cell analysis approach to examine the human CCR5<sup>+</sup> T cell compartment in the blood, healthy, and inflamed mucosal tissues to resolve these seemingly contradictory observations. We found that 65% of the CD4 tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cell compartment expressed CCR5. These CCR5<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> cells were enriched in and near the epithelial layer and not only limited to T<sub>H</sub>1-type cells but also contained a large T<sub>H</sub>17-producing and a stable regulatory T cell population. The CCR5<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> compartment was stably maintained even in inflamed tissues including the preservation of T<sub>H</sub>17 and regulatory T cell populations. Further, using tissues from the CHARM-03 clinical trial, we found that CCR5<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> are preserved in human mucosal tissue during treatment with the CCR5 antagonist Maraviroc. Our data suggest that the human CCR5<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> compartment is functionally and spatially equipped to maintain barrier immunity even in the absence of CCR5-mediated, de novo T cell recruitment from the periphery.
Antitumour Acridines (1983)

The first use of acridine compounds in clinical medicine occurred before the turn of the century when the chrysaniline derivatives (1; R1, R2 = H or CH3), by-products of aniline dye manufacture, were found weakly active against malaria (Mannaberg, 1897). Acridine derivatives did not come into widespread use, however, until the First World War, with the discovery of the local antibacterial action of acriflavine and proflavine (2; R = H). The fact that commercial acriflavine was a mixture of euflavine (3) and proflavine hydrochloride was not recognised until 1934. The drugs received widespread use until the Second World War, finally being displaced as local antibacterials by another acridine derivative, 9-aminoacridine (aminacrine) (4), which afforded less acidic solutions (Albert, 1966).
Understanding Radiation Effects on Halite in Salt Repositories using Transmission Electron Microscopy. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Ligand Mediated, Spatially Confined Carbonization of Biomass Forming High-Performance Colloidal Carbon Dots (2023)

Owing to their humble chemical composition, carbon dots (CDs) can be readily synthesized from biomass, transforming waste into luminescent nanomaterials. In reforming biomass into CDs, the choice of solvent plays a critical role in bottom-up degradation, emulsion formation, surface structuring, and the physiochemical and optical properties of the CDs. However, there is a lack of understanding on the effect of solvents, particularly in the context of solvent-dispersed CDs that are of interest to optoelectronics applications. Here, a spatially confined carbonization of laminarin using oleylamine (OLA) as the solvent, exploiting ligand-carbon interactions, resulted in uniform (3.6 ± 1.5 nm) colloidal CDs exhibiting single crystallinity. Uniquely, the OLA-capped CDs show distinctive multiple emissions from blue to green and red simultaneously under UV excitation, demonstrating the intricate electron transfer and trapping from carbon core/functional groups to surface bound-ligand multiple emissions. The OLA-CDs can be stably dispersed in various solvents and facilely fabricated into thin-film devices. This work establishes the versatility and tunability of ligand-induced, spatially confined carbonization in forming colloidal CDs for optoelectronic devices from crude biomass.
Provably correct design of observations for fault detection with privacy preservation (2017)

During the operation of complex cyber-physical systems, detection of faults needs to be performed using limited state information for practicality and privacy concerns. While a well-designed observation can distinguish a faulty behavior from the normal behavior, it can also represent the action of hiding some of the state information or discrete mode transitions. In this paper, we present a framework for constructing the observation maps in the form of metric temporal logic (MTL) formulae that can be formally proven to detect fault in a switched system while preserving certain privacy conditions. We simulate finitely many nominal trajectories and use the robustness tubes around the simulated trajectories to cover the infinite trajectories that constitute the system behavior. Thus the inferred MTL formulae from the simulated trajectories can be used for classifying the system behaviors in a provably correct fashion. We implement our approach on the simulation model of a smart building testbed to detect the open window fault while preserving the privacy of the room occupancy.
A simple spatial diagram for 12-heteropolyanion (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA simple spatial diagram for 12-heteropolyanionP. Abu Backer and L. V. Natarajan Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1979, 56, 10, 642Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1979Published inissue 1 October 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/ed056p642RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (798 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of tracheobronchial epithelial multinucleation. (1978)

Theodore Roosevelt writes to his son Kermit about his visit to the military training camp at Yaphawk. He was impressed by the men but troubled by their lack of equipment and proper training. Roosevelt blamed the War Department and President Woodrow Wilson. He adds he gave a speech at Princeton on the matter.
Real-Time Demonstration of Silicon-Photonics-Based QSFP-DD 400GBASE-DR4 Transceivers for Datacenter Applications (2020)

We demonstrate a real-time silicon-photonics-based 400GBASE-DR4 transceiver packaged in a QSFP-DD form factor. The performance of the transmitter including TDECQ, extinction ratio and OMA and receiver sensitivity are measured, all satisfying IEEE 400GBASE-DR4 specifications.
Exploring Session Context using Distributed Representations of Queries and Reformulations (2015)

Search logs contain examples of frequently occurring patterns of user reformulations of queries. Intuitively, the reformulation "San Francisco" -- "San Francisco 49ers" is semantically similar to "Detroit" -- "Detroit Lions". Likewise, "London" -- "things to do in London" and "New York" -- "New York tourist attractions" can also be considered similar transitions in intent. The reformulation "movies" -- "new movies" and "york" -- "New York", however, are clearly different despite the lexical similarities in the two reformulations. In this paper, we study the distributed representation of queries learnt by deep neural network models, such as the Convolutional Latent Semantic Model, and show that they can be used to represent query reformulations as vectors. These reformulation vectors exhibit favourable properties such as mapping semantically and syntactically similar query changes closer in the embedding space. Our work is motivated by the success of continuous space language models in capturing relationships between words and their meanings using offset vectors. We demonstrate a way to extend the same intuition to represent query reformulations. Furthermore, we show that the distributed representations of queries and reformulations are both useful for modelling session context for query prediction tasks, such as for query auto-completion (QAC) ranking. Our empirical study demonstrates that short-term (session) history context features based on these two representations improves the mean reciprocal rank (MRR) for the QAC ranking task by more than 10% over a supervised ranker baseline. Our results also show that by using features based on both these representations together we achieve a better performance, than either of them individually.
Explicit oxygen concentration expression for estimating extant biodegradation kinetics from respirometric experiments (2001)

We present a simple method for estimating extant biodegradation kinetic parameters from oxygen uptake data obtained during respirometric experiments. Specifically, a novel closed-form solution based on the Lambert W function is presented for the differential equation describing substrate biodegradation based on the Monod equation. Unlike the existing implicit solution, this novel solution is explicit with respect to the substrate concentration and, when coupled with the oxygen uptake equation, results in a simple algebraic expression for dissolved oxygen concentration in respirometric experiments. This new solution provided highly accurate estimates of dissolved oxygen concentrations with accuracy on the order of 10(-15) for calculations performed using double precision arithmetic. The applicability of this approach for estimating extant biodegradation kinetic parameters was verified using synthetic dissolved oxygen concentration data that incorporated normally distributed noise to mimic experimental data. A combination of the W function description of oxygen concentration and a nonlinear optimization routine resulted in estimates of the Monod kinetic parameters, mu(m) and K(s), that were close to the actual values, indicating the suitability of this approach for extant kinetic parameter estimation. This approach was subsequently tested on experimental oxygen concentration data obtained during ethylene-glycol biodegradation in respirometric experiments. The availability of simple algorithms for evaluating the W function makes the new solution easier to compute than current methods that rely on numerical solution of differential or nonlinear equations. The simplicity and accuracy associated with use of the W function to describe oxygen concentration data should make it an attractive approach for estimating extant Monod biodegradation kinetic parameters from respirometric experiments.
Framework Development and Adaptation with UML (2000)

Object-oriented frameworks and product line architectures have become popular in the software industry during the 1990s. A vast number of frameworks has been developed in the industry for various domains, including graphical user interfaces (e.g. Java's Swing, Microsoft's MFC), graph-based editors (HotDraw, Stingray's Objective Views), business applications (IBM's San Francisco), electronic commerce (Sun/IBM), network servers (Java's Jeeves), just to mention few. When combined with components, frameworks provide the most promising current technology supporting large-scale reuse.
Comparison of bulk and surface passivation properties of plasma nitrides on Si and SiGe solar cells (2002)

In this paper the effects of direct and remote plasma nitrides on the performance of Cz-Si and SiGe bulk cells are analysed. The surface passivation properties of both kinds of nitrides are compared to a thin thermal oxide, grown at high temperatures. Internal quantum efficiency measurements prove that the surface recombination velocities are lowest in case of the remote plasma nitride layer. The extracted values of the surface recombination velocity are as low as 1.5/spl times/10/sup 3/ cm/s for the remote plasma nitride, whereas the value for the thermal oxide is twice as high, comparable to the value obtained for the direct plasma nitride. SiGe-cells show the same tendency, although the blue response is lower in absolute value. However, when using the appropriate SiGe-absorption coefficient for parameter extraction by PC-ID, the surface recombination velocity of the plasma nitrides on SiGe-emitters is comparable to what is found in case of Si. In addition, we also found that for both remote plasma and direct nitride layers, there is a significant enhancement of the red response of all types of cells, compared to the samples without nitride. A comparison was made of the behaviour of the cells, with starting lifetime of 10-30 /spl mu/s, showing that the enhancement of the red response by the use of a plasma nitride is comparable to the beneficial effects of a remote plasma hydrogenation. However, for starting lifetimes lower than 5 /spl mu/s, the separate hydrogenation step brings an additional improvement of the red response compared to the only-nitride case and the effect of the two treatments seems to be cumulative.
Implementation and evaluation of coherent synthetic aperture radar processing for level measurements of bulk goods with an FMCW-system (2010)

Abstract. In industrial process measurement instrumentation, radar systems are well established for the measurement of filling levels of liquids in tanks. Level measurements of bulk goods in silos, on the other hand, are more challenging because the material is heaped up and its surface has typically a relatively complex shape. In this paper, the application of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) reconstruction with a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system for level measurements of bulk goods is evaluated. In the proposed monostatic setup, echo signals are acquired at discrete antenna positions on top of the silo. Spatially resolved information about the surface contour of a bulk good heap is reconstructed by coherent 'delay and sum' processing. The concept has been experimentally evaluated with a 24 to 26 GHz FMCW radar system mounted on a linear stepping motor positioning unit. Measurements on a thin metal wire at different range and on a curved test-object with a diffusely scattering surface have been performed to analyze the system's point spread function (PSF) and performance. Constant range and azimuth resolutions (−6 dB) of 15 cm and 8 cm, respectively, have been obtained up to a range of 6 m, and results of further evaluations show that the proposed concept allows more accurate and reliable level reconstructions of surface profiles compared to the conventional approach with measurements at a single antenna position.
TAS-Seq is a robust and sensitive amplification method for bead-based scRNA-seq (2022)

Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is valuable for analyzing cellular heterogeneity. Cell composition accuracy is critical for analyzing cell-cell interaction networks from scRNA-seq data. However, droplet- and plate-based scRNA-seq techniques have cell sampling bias that could affect the cell composition of scRNA-seq datasets. Here we developed terminator-assisted solid-phase cDNA amplification and sequencing (TAS-Seq) for scRNA-seq based on a terminator, terminal transferase, and nanowell/bead-based scRNA-seq platform. TAS-Seq showed high tolerance to variations in the terminal transferase reaction, which complicate the handling of existing terminal transferase-based scRNA-seq methods. In murine and human lung samples, TAS-Seq yielded scRNA-seq data that were highly correlated with flow-cytometric data, showing higher gene-detection sensitivity and more robust detection of important cell-cell interactions and expression of growth factors/interleukins in cell subsets than 10X Chromium v2 and Smart-seq2. Expanding TAS-Seq application will improve understanding and atlas construction of lung biology at the single-cell level.
Ignition and extinguishing characteristics of Cs-Ba tacitron (1992)

The operation characteristics of the Cs-Ba tacitron as a switch are investigated experimentally in three modes: (a) breakdown mode; (b) I-V mode; and (c) current modulation mode. The switching frequency, grid potentials for ignition and extinguishing of discharge, and the Cs pressure and emission conditions (Ba pressure and emitter temperature) for stable current modulation are determined. The experimental data is also used to determine the off time required for successful ignition, and the effects of the aforementioned operation parameters on the ignition duty cycle threshold for stable modulation. Operation parameters measured include switching frequency up to 8 kHz, hold-off voltage up to 180 V, current densities in excess of 15 A/cm2, switch power density of 1 kW/cm2, and a switching efficiency in excess of 90% at collector voltages greater than 30 V. The voltage drop strongly depends on the Cs pressure and to a lesser extent on the emission conditions. Increasing the Cs pressure and/or the emission current lowers the voltage drop, however, for the same initial Cs pressure and emission conditions, the voltage drop in the I-V mode is usually lower than that during current modulation. As long as the discharge current is kept lower than the emission current, the voltage drop during stable current modulation could be as low as 3 V.
IFNG rs1861494 Polymorphism Is Associated with IBD Disease Severity and Functional Changes in Both IFNG Methylation and Protein Secretion (2014)

This study reports the first association of IFNG rs1861494 T allele with enhanced IFN-γ secretion and known IBD clinical parameters indicative of more aggressive disease and serological markers associated with treatment resistance to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in patients with IBD. These data may be useful prognostically as predictors of early response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy to identify patients with IBD for improved personalized therapeutics.
Local and spatial factors determining HIV-1 protease substrate recognition (2001)

Insertional mutagenesis of the Escherichia coli thymidylate synthase (TS) was used to address substrate recognition of HIV-1 protease in a well characterized structural context. By modifying the TS conformation while maintaining its enzymic activity, we investigated the influence of protein folding on protease-substrate recognition. A slight destabilization of the TS structure permitted the cleavage of a target site, which was resistant in the native TS. This result supports a dynamic interpretation of HIV-1 protease specificity. Exposure time of the potential cleavage site, which depends on the stability of the global conformation, must be compatible with the cleavage kinetics, which are determined by the local sequence. Cleavage specificity has been described as the consequence of cumulative interactions, globally favourable, between at least six amino acids around the cleavage site. To investigate influence of local sequence, we introduced insertions of variable lengths in two exposed loops of the TS. In both environments, insertion of only two amino acids could determine specific cleavage. We then inserted libraries of dipeptides naturally cleaved by the HIV-1 protease in order to assess the limitations of established classifications of substrates in different conformational contexts.
Keratinocyte‐Derived Interleukin 3 (1988)

Interleukin 3 (IL 3) initially was described as a cytokine which is produced by murine T lymphocytes and has multicolony stimulating factor (CSF) activity, activates mast cells and induces the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cell lines. In addition to T cells murine keratinocytes also produce an IL 3-like factor which according to its biological, biochemical and antigenic properties is indistinguishable from murine T cell IL 3. Moreover, by Northern blot analysis murine keratinocytes were found to express mRNA homologous to T cell IL 3 cDNA. Similarly, human keratinocytes have been shown to release an IL 3-like cytokine which also enhances the activity of natural killer cells and stimulates the release of oxygen radicals by granulocytes. However, human IL 3 mRNA could not yet be detected in human epidermal cells or epidermoid carcinoma cell lines. These findings indicate that human keratinocyte IL 3 appears to be distinct from T cell IL 3. Nevertheless, the exact nature of this cytokine remains to be clarified by sequence analysis and gene cloning. Through the production of these cytokines with IL 3-like capacity keratinocytes may participate in the regulation of the activity of different hematopoietic cells and thereby turn on early nonspecific host defense mechanisms against transformed cells and various harmful microbial organisms.
Laser-induced forward transfer with optical stamp for high-quality film printing (Conference Presentation) (2018)

For high quality film printing, we have newly developed a laser-induced forward transfer with optical stamp (shortly, LIFTop), that consists of a two-step transfer process. In the first step, functional films were transferred onto a transparent polymer having high adhesiveness and elasticity like PDMS, which we call “optical stamp”. This stamp helps to avoid the transferred film from pattern spread and fracture. Then, the transferred micro-pattern on the optical stamp was further transferred onto a final target. In this talk, metal and transparent conductive oxide film transfer was demonstrated using our new LIFT process.
Mycobacterium bovisBCG-Specific Th17 Cells Confer Partial Protection againstMycobacterium tuberculosisInfection in the Absence of Gamma Interferon (2010)

Protective immunity against tuberculosis (TB) requires the integrated response of a network of lymphocytes. Both gamma interferon (IFN-γ)- and interleukin 17 (IL-17)-secreting CD4(+) T cells have been identified in subjects with latent TB infection and during experimental Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but the contribution of Th17 cells to protective immunity is unclear. To examine their protective effects in vivo, we transferred mycobacterium-specific IL-17- and IFN-γ-secreting CD4(+) T cells isolated from M. tuberculosis BCG-immunized IL-12p40(-/-) and IFN-γ(-/-) or wild-type mice, respectively, into M. tuberculosis-infected IL-12p40(-/-) or RAG(-/-) mice. In the absence of IL-12 and IL-23, neither IL-17-secreting (Th17) nor IFN-γ-secreting (Th1) BCG-specific T cells expanded or provided protection against M. tuberculosis. In RAG(-/-) recipients with an intact IL-12/IL-23 axis, both Th17 and Th1 cells were activated and induced significant protection against M. tuberculosis. The reduction in the bacterial load following transfer of IFN-γ(-/-) Th17 cells was associated with significant prolongation of survival compared to recipients of naïve IFN-γ(-/-) T cells. This effect was at the cost of an increased inflammatory infiltrate characterized by an excess of neutrophils. Therefore, Th17 cells can provide IFN-γ-independent protection against M. tuberculosis, and this effect may contribute to the early control of M. tuberculosis infection.