gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three layer absorbing panel using ferrite for TV ghost suppression. (1990)

The ferrite absorbing panel is used for suppressing TV ghost images caused by wave reflection from high-rise buildings. A new practical design featuring a three-layer panel with narrow slits between ferrite tiles is proposed for the surface material of high-rise buildings. An excellent ferrite absorbing panel is obtained if proper ferrite thickness and slit dimensions are selected. A beautiful, strong, and effective three-layer absorbing panel using ferrite could be realized with a thicker surface material.
Securing Mobile Location-based Services through position verification leveraging key distribution (2012)

Technological advancements have made it possible to use information associated with a mobile's location to form new computing and services. One concern with these emerging location-based services (LBS) is their ability to provide security while remaining reliable and accurate. In this paper, we focus on securing Mobile Location-based Services (MLBS), where certain goods or services are provided by mobile vendors to a clientele based on the proximity of vendors to potential customers. We identify different attacks and misuse faced by MLBS, and show that position verification is a critical step in providing a secure and trustworthy MLBS. To provide position verification, we propose a scheme called Key Distribution-based Position Verification (KEPI), which takes advantage of an auxiliary network of transponders to facilitate trustworthy location-based services. We derive an analytical model to evaluate our approach and our simulation results provide useful insights about how auxiliary networks can help provide trustworthy mobile services.
Durability Of the Medical Management Of Cystinuria (2003)

Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder of dibasic amino acid transport in the kidney that leads to an abundance of cystine in the urine. This molecule is poorly soluble in urine and it is prone to crystallization and stone formation at concentrations above 300 mg./l. Medical treatment in these patients has incorporated increasing urine volumes, alkalinization and thiol medications that decrease the availability of free cystine in urine. Despite a reasonable prognosis for reduced stone formation we and others have noted difficulties in patients complying with medical management recommendations. Therefore, we evaluated the durability of treatment success in our patients with cystinuria.A retrospective chart review was performed in all patients with cystinuria referred to the comprehensive kidney stone center at our institution for an 8-year period. Medical therapy, stone recurrence rates, compliance with medications and scheduled followup, and the results of metabolic evaluations via 24-hour urine collections were reviewed. The average concentrations of urinary cystine in initial and followup 24-hour samples were compared in patients compliant and noncompliant with medical treatment. In addition, each patient was mailed a 1-page questionnaire to assess the self-perception of medical compliance.We identified 26 patients with a mean age of 32 years at referral (range 13 to 67) who were followed an average of 38.2 months (range 6 to 83). Females represented 58% of those with cystinuria. Overall compliance with medical recommendations was poor with a short duration of success. Of the 26 patients followed at our stone center only 4 (15%) achieved and maintained therapeutic success, as defined by urine cystine less than 300 mg./l. An additional 11 patients (42%) achieved therapeutic success but subsequently had failure at an average of 16 months (range 6 to 27). Of these patients 7 (64%) regained therapeutic success at an average of 9.4 months (range 4 to 20). Five patients (19%) never achieved therapeutic success, while an additional 6 (23%) failed to present to followup appointments or provide subsequent 24-hour urine studies despite referral to a tertiary care center. Patient self-assessment of medical compliance was uniformly high regardless of physician perceptions or treatment results. CONCLUSIONS The durability of medically treating patients with cystinuria is limited with only a small percent able to achieve and maintain the goal of decreasing cystine below the saturation concentration. Greater physician vigilance in these complicated stone formers is required to achieve successful prophylactic management. Furthermore, these patients require better insight into the own disease to improve compliance.
Quantitative phase imaging of neuronal movement during action potential (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Nanometer-scale deformations of the neuron accompany the action potential. These displacements are measured using a fast quantitative phase microscope and averaged in synchrony with optogenetic stimulation of cultured neurons. The phase movie is further processed by leveraging the spatial and temporal distribution of the spiking signal to detect and segment the separate action potentials in individual cells. An accompanying confocal fluorescence microscopy provides the 3-D cell shape for calibration of the refractive index to calculate the mechanical displacements from the optical phase. Together, these results illuminate the underlying mechanism of the cellular deformations and techniques for achieving all-optical single spike detection.
A Simple, Modular Method for the Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trisubstituted Pyrazoles (2008)

A modular approach for the regiocontrolled preparation of pyrazoles bearing substituents on all three carbon atoms is described. Central to this method is the use of a switchable metal-directing group (MDG) to enable sequential direct lithiation of the 3- and 5-positions of the pyrazole ring. Pyrazole boronic esters obtained from these lithiated intermediates can undergo efficient Suzuki cross-coupling under the developed nonaqueous conditions, which minimize undesirable protolytic deboronation. Halogenation of the 4-position provides the means for substitution at the remaining carbon atom.
On visual maps and their automatic construction (2004)

This thesis addresses the problem of automatically constructing a visual representation of an unknown environment that is useful for robotic navigation, localization and exploration. There are two main contributions. First, the concept of the visual map is developed, a representation of the visual structure of the environment, and a framework for learning this structure is provided. Second, methods for automatically constructing a visual map are presented for the case when limited information is available about the position of the camera during data collection. 
The core concept of this thesis is that of the visual map, which models a set of image-domain features extracted from a scene. These are initially selected using a measure of visual saliency, and subsequently modelled and evaluated for their utility for robot pose estimation. Experiments are conducted demonstrating the feature learning process and the inferred models' reliability for pose inference. 
The second part of this thesis addresses the problem of automatically collecting training images and constructing a visual map. First, it is shown that visual maps are self-organizing in nature, and the transformation between the image and pose domains is established with minimal prior pose information. Second, it is shown that visual maps can be constructed reliably in the face of uncertainty by selecting an appropriate exploration strategy. A variety of such strategies are presented and these approaches are validated experimentally in both simulated and real-world settings.
Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Gene Expression in Primary Effusion Lymphomas Containing Kaposi's Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus-8 (1997)

Primary effusion (body cavity–based) lymphoma (PEL) is a recently recognized subtype of malignant lymphoma that exhibits distinctive clinical and biological features, most notably its usual infection with the Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The vast majority of cases also contain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This dual viral infection is the first example of a consistent dual herpesviral infection in a human neoplasm and provides a unique model to study viral interactions. We analyzed the pattern of EBV latent gene expression to determine the pathogenic role of this agent in PELs. We examined five PELs coinfected with EBV and KSHV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. EBER1 mRNA, a consistent marker of viral latency, was positive in all PEL cases, although at lower levels than in the non-PEL controls due to EBER1 expression by only a variable subset of lymphoma cells. Qp-initiated mRNA, encoding only EBNA1 and characteristic of latencies I and II, was positive in all PEL cases. Wp- and Cp-initiated mRNAs, encoding all EBNAs and characteristic of latency III, were negative in all cases. LMP1 mRNA, expressed in latencies II and III, was present in three cases of PEL, although at very low levels that were not detectable at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. Low levels of LMP2A mRNA were detected in all cases. BZLF1, an early-intermediate lytic phase marker, was weakly positive in four cases, suggesting a productive viral infection in a very small proportion of cells, which was confirmed by ZEBRA antigen expression. Therefore, PELs exhibit a restricted latency pattern, with expression of EBNA1 in all cases, and low LMP1 and LMP2A levels.
“Soldier–Sergeant–Soldier” triblock copolymers: revealing the folded structure of single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (2014)

"Soldiers-Sergeant-Soldiers" experiments performed on single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) with an ABA-type triblock architecture carrying chiral and achiral benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides (BTAs) in different blocks reveal that the BTAs form segregated, multiple stacks in a single SCPN.
Prediction of alternative isoforms from exon expression levels in RNA-Seq experiments (2010)

Alternative splicing, polyadenylation of pre-messenger RNA molecules and differential promoter usage can produce a variety of transcript isoforms whose respective expression levels are regulated in time and space, thus contributing specific biological functions. However, the repertoire of mammalian alternative transcripts and their regulation are still poorly understood. Second-generation sequencing is now opening unprecedented routes to address the analysis of entire transcriptomes. Here, we developed methods that allow the prediction and quantification of alternative isoforms derived solely from exon expression levels in RNA-Seq data. These are based on an explicit statistical model and enable the prediction of alternative isoforms within or between conditions using any known gene annotation, as well as the relative quantification of known transcript structures. Applying these methods to a human RNA-Seq dataset, we validated a significant fraction of the predictions by RT-PCR. Data further showed that these predictions correlated well with information originating from junction reads. A direct comparison with exon arrays indicated improved performances of RNA-Seq over microarrays in the prediction of skipped exons. Altogether, the set of methods presented here comprehensively addresses multiple aspects of alternative isoform analysis. The software is available as an open-source R-package called Solas at http://cmb.molgen.mpg.de/2ndGenerationSequencing/Solas/.
Quantifying the Limits of Detection of Surface-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy with Grating Order-Coupled Nanogap Antennas (2018)

Infrared spectroscopy is widely used for biomolecular studies, but struggles when investigating minute quantities of analytes due to the mismatch between vibrational cross sections and IR wavelengths. It is therefore beneficial to enhance absorption signals by confining the infrared light to deeply subwavelength volumes comparable in size to the biomolecules of interest. This can be achieved with surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, for which plasmonic nanorod antennas represent the predominant implementation. However, unifying design guidelines for such systems are still lacking. Here, we introduce an experimentally verified framework for designing antenna-based molecular IR spectroscopy sensors. Specifically, we find that in order to maximize the sensing performance, it is essential to combine the signal enhancement originating from nanoscale gaps between the antenna elements with the enhancement obtained from coupling to the grating order modes of the unit cell. Using an optimized grating order-coupled nanogap design, our experiments and numerical simulations show a hotspot limit of detection of two proteins per nanogap. Furthermore, we introduce and analyze additional limit of detection parameters, specifically for deposited surface mass, in-solution concentration, and secondary structure determination. These limits of detection provide valuable reference points for performance metrics of surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy in practical applications, such as the characterization of biological samples in aqueous solution.
A 12 bit, 2-MS/s, 0.016-mm2 column-parallel readout cyclic ADC, having 50% reduced slew rate requirement due to feed-forward spike eliminator (2016)

This publication presents a cyclic A/D converter system, which can be used for column-parallel sensor readout applications. The converter system includes ADC, fully integrated ADC references, timing generator, calibration engine, and an on-chip ramp generator for complete on-chip testing. This publication solves the exaggerated issue of feed-forward transient glitches in capacitor-shared cyclic and pipelined ADCs. This publication also solves some existing issues in fully integrated references of pipeline and cyclic ADC, namely reduced voltage range, and memory effects. The area of the core cyclic ADC operating at 12 bit resolution and 2MS/s conversion rate is only 0.016mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The measured DNL and INL are +0.47/-0.68 LSB and +/-0.99 LSB respectively. The ADC is implemented in TSMC 55nm CMOS technology using 3.3V devices, the ADC consumes 850μW from 3.3V supply.
Application of Contact Angle Measurement to the Manufacture of Textiles Containing Microcapsules (2009)

The efficiency of a binder to link microcapsules on a textile surface depends on the compatibility of the different interfaces of the products involved in the coating process. The choice of a binder adapted to the microcapsules was determined in this study by the comparison of the surface energy components induced by the contact angle measurement method and washing tests. It was found that a polyurethane-based binder was the most suitable to link melamine formaldehyde microcapsules. Furthermore, the adhesion of microcapsules was closely dependent on the chemical nature and structure of the textile support.
Biofabrication strategies for 3D in vitro models and regenerative medicine (2018)

Organs are complex systems composed of different cells, proteins and signalling molecules that are arranged in a highly ordered structure to orchestrate a myriad of functions in our body. Biofabrication strategies can be applied to engineer 3D tissue models in vitro by mimicking the structure and function of native tissue through the precise deposition and assembly of materials and cells. This approach allows the spatiotemporal control over cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix communication and thus the recreation of tissue-like structures. In this Review, we examine biofabrication strategies for the construction of functional tissue replacements and organ models, focusing on the development of biomaterials, such as supramolecular and photosensitive materials, that can be processed using biofabrication techniques. We highlight bioprinted and bioassembled tissue models and survey biofabrication techniques for their potential to recreate complex tissue properties, such as shape, vasculature and specific functionalities. Finally, we discuss challenges, such as scalability and the foreign body response, and opportunities in the field and provide an outlook to the future of biofabrication in regenerative medicine.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Antibodies Inhibit PF4-Dependent Enhancement of Activated Protein C Formation by Binding to Antigenic Complexes Formed with the Chondroitin Sulfate Side-Chain of Thrombomodulin (2010)

Abstract Abstract 721 Previous studies have shown that platelet factor 4 (PF4) increases activated protein C (aPC) generation both in vitro and in vivo. PF4 increase of aPC generation by thrombin (IIa) and thrombomodulin (TM) complex followed a bell-shaped curve when tested in solution, on human TM expressing HEK293 and on endothelial cells. PF4 failed to enhance aPC in the presence of chondroitin sulfate (CS)-free TM. These results were consistent with PF4 binding to the CS on the TM glycosaminoglycan (GAG) domain and forming complexes that are similar to PF4/GAG antigenic complexes seen in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). We tested the hypothesis that PF4 forms a HIT-like antigenic complex with the TM-CS using the HIT-like monoclonal antibody KKO. KKO abolished the potentiating effects of PF4 on aPC formation measured with TM in solution or with a TM-expressing cell line. To further address the nature of complexes formed between PF4 and TM, we used a mutant of PF4, PF4T38Q, which forms complexes with GAGs that are not recognized by KKO and a subgroup of HIT antibodies. Similar to PF4, PF4T38Q potentiated TM-dependent aPC generation in a bell-shaped manner, but this potentiation was not blocked by KKO. Moreover, KKO did not have any effect when PF4 was replaced with protamine sulfate (PS), which can also form macromolecular complexes with heparin/GAGs and can also enhance aPC generation. We also tested HIT antibodies isolated from patients that developed HIT with thrombocytopenia and thromboembolism developing &gt;4 days after the last exposure to heparin. Patient IgGs specific for PF4/GAG complex were purified using PF4 bound to heparin columns. Specific binding of antibodies to PF4/heparin complexes was checked by ELISA. Complex-specific antibodies were then tested in an aPC generation assay in the presence IIa and TM and near peak concentration of PF4 and compared to a control human IgG. Three of four patient‘s antibodies significantly inhibited the increase in aPC generation in the presence of PF4. These studies provide evidence that HIT-like PF4/GAG complexes develop naturally in vivo. In this case, the ability of HIT or HIT-like antibodies to specifically inhibit the PF4-dependent increase in aPC formation may contribute to the prothrombotic state in HIT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Intramolecular Hydroamination of Difluoropropargyl Amides:  Regioselective Synthesis of Fluorinated β- and γ-Lactams (2007)

Functionalized gem-difluoro beta- and gamma-lactams were synthesized through a novel intramolecular hydroamination reaction of difluoropropargyl amides. beta-Lactams were obtained via a Baldwin disfavored 4-exo-digonal cyclization using palladium acetate as the catalyst, whereas gamma-lactams were produced under basic conditions. Acid hydration of gamma-lactams produced ketoamides or hemiaminals selectively.
Radiomics-based texture analysis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis for genetic and survival predictions (2020)

This study aims to combine differences in radiomic features between internal and peripheral portions of lungs diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and with TOLLIP and MUC5B genetic mutations to predict patient prognosis. A database of computed tomography (CT) scans from 169 IPF patients was selected from the INSPIRE study along with the corresponding genomic and demographic datasets. Three CT sections per patient were chosen to represent the superior, middle, and inferior portions of the lungs. Twelve regions of interest (ROIs) were placed in central and peripheral portions at each level of the lungs, and 142 radiomics features were calculated within each ROI. Based on feature reproducibility, 30 features were used with logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to classify patients with various genetic mutations. Kaplan-Meier survival curve models quantified the ability of each feature to differentiate between survival curves based on a feature-specific threshold. Nine first-order features and one fractal feature were found to be predictive of TOLLIP-1 (rs4963062) mutation (AUC 0.54-0.74). Five Laws’ filter features were predictive of TOLLIP-2 (rs5743905) mutation (AUC 0.53-0.70), while no feature was found to be predictive for MUC5B mutations. First-order and fractal features reflected the greatest discrimination between Kaplan-Meier curves. A radiogenomic approach for predicting patient genetic mutations based on radiomics features extracted from thoracic CT images of patients with IPF has potential as a biomarker. These same features can also serve as predictors of patient prognosis using a survival curve modeling approach.
Chemistry and Properties of Poly (Arylene Ether Imidazole)s (1990)

Poly(arylene ether imidazole)s were prepared by the aromatic nucleophilic displacement reaction of two new bis(hydroxyimidazole) compounds with activated aromatic dihalides. The bis(hydroxyimidazole) compounds were prepared in high yields from either isophthalaldehyde or terephthalaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzil and ammonium acetate. The polymers had glass transition temperatures ranging from 245 to 301°C and inherent viscosities from 0.46 to 1.46 dlg -1 . Thermogravimetric analysis indicated a 5% weight loss occurring at about 400°C in air and about 500°C in nitrogen. Thin films tested at room temperature exhibited tensile strengths and moduli from 13.6 to 17.6 ksi and 396 to 464 ksi respectively. The polymers maintained good retention of room temperature strengths and moduli when tested at 177°C. Titanium-to-titanium tensile shear strengths measured at 23 and 177°C were 4000 and 3600 psi respectively. In addition, preliminary data were obtained on carbon fiber laminates. The chemistry, physical and mechanical properties of these polymers are discussed.
Morphological model of human colon tissue fluorescence (1996)

Fluorescence spectroscopy of tissue is a promising technique for early detection of precancerous changes in the human body. Investigation of the microscopic origin of the clinically observed tissue fluorescence can provide valuable information about the tissue's histology. The objective of this study was the development of a morphological model of colon tissue fluorescence which connects the clinically observed spectra with their underlying microscopic origins. Clinical colon tissue fluorescence which connects the clinically observed spectra with their underlying microscopic origins. Clinical colon tissue fluorescence spectra were modeled by measuring the intrinsic fluorescence properties of colon tissue on a microscopic level and by simulating light propagation in tissue using the Monte-Carlo method. The computed spectra were in good agreement with the clinical spectra acquired during colonoscopy, and exhibited the characteristic spectral features of the in vivo collected spectra. Our analysis quantitated these spectral features in terms of the intrinsic fluorescence properties of tissue and its general histological characteristics. The fluorescence intensity difference between normal and adenoma observed in vivo was found to be due to the increased hemoglobin absorption, the reduced mucosal fluorescence intensity, and the absence of submucosal fluorescence in adenomatous polyps. The increased red fluorescence in adenoma was found to be associated with the dysplastic crypt cell fluorescence.
Controlled Distribution of Active Sites in Ziegler-Natta Catalyst Systems (2012)

US Patent 8,138,112