gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
O4‐04–07: The efficacy of exogenous estrogen on cognitive functioning in men with mild cognitive impairment (2008)

There is evidence that administration of estrogen to postmenopausal women specifically enhances verbal memory. E2 is likely responsible for maintaining verbal memory in older men as in women. In view of the fact that there are currently no approved treatments for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), we hypothesized that the administration of E2 to men with MCI would improve their performance on tests of verbal memory, might improve global cognition, but would not affect performance in cognitive domains in which men typically excel such as visuospatial ability. This hypothesis was tested using a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design. Subjects who met the MCI inclusion criteria were randomized to receive treatment with either 1 mg micronized E2 (Estrace, Shire Biochem Inc., Quebec, Canada) or placebo for 12 weeks following which they were crossed-over to the other treatment for an additional 12 weeks. All subjects thus received both micronized E2 and placebo. The Buschke Serial Reminding task, the Logical Memory 1 & 2 paragraph recall test of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, and the Paired Associates Learning subtest of the WMS-R were used to assess short and long term verbal memory. The Visual Reproduction subtest of the WMS-R was used to assess visual memory. The Mini-Mental Status exam (MMSE) and the Alzheimer's disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) were used to assess global cognitive function. Men who received 12 weeks of treatment with E2 following 12 weeks of treatment with placebo had significantly higher total score on the Buschke Serial Reminding Task total score (p<.05), and on three subscales of that test, namely, the Long Term Recall score (p<.05), on the Continuous Long Term Recall score (p .05) and on the Delayed Recall score (p<.05) compared to their performance at baseline and following 12 weeks of treatment with placebo. Non-verbal memory and global measures showed no significant difference between placebo and estrogen. A beneficial effect of E2 on verbal memory in MCI individuals was confirmed. The hypothesis that estrogen-treatment would improve scores on measures of global cognitive functioning in these male MCI subjects was not supported.
Long-term CTL induction and therapeutic tumor suppression by antigen- and adjuvant-carrying polymer nanoparticles (2013)

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Photorefractive-damage-resistant Zn-diffused waveguides in MgO:LiNbO_3 (1991)

Planar waveguides were fabricated by diffusing Zn into MgO:LiNbO(3) and LiNbO(3). Zn-diffused waveguides in MgO:LiNbO(3) guide both the ordinary and extraordinary polarization and have propagation losses at 633 nm in the range of 0.4-1.2 dB/cm. Single-beam-induced in-plane scattering due to photorefractive damage was not observed at 515 nm up to intensities of as much as 90 kW/cm(2).
SoK: Securing Email -- A Stakeholder-Based Analysis (Extended Version) (2018)

While email is the most ubiquitous and interoperable form of online communication today, it was not conceived with strong security guarantees, and the ensuing security enhancements are, by contrast, lacking in both ubiquity and interoperability. This situation motivates our research. We begin by identifying a variety of stakeholders who have an interest in the current email system and in efforts to provide secure solutions. We then use the tussle among stakeholders to explain the evolution of fragmented secure email solutions undertaken by industry, academia, and independent developers. We also evaluate the building blocks of secure email -- cryptographic primitives, key management schemes, and system designs -- to identify their support for stakeholder properties. From our analysis, we conclude that a one-size-fits-all solution is unlikely. Furthermore, we highlight that vulnerable users are not well served by current solutions, account for the failure of PGP, and argue that secure messaging, while complementary, is not a fully substitutable technology.
Association between in vivo iododeoxyuridine labeling, MIB‐1 expression, malignancy grade and clinical stage in human prostate cancer (1998)

Large variability in the biological behavior of prostate cancer makes prognostic markers important. The extent of tumor cell proliferation has been suggested as an important predictor of clinical outcome. Fifty-five patients suspected of having or with previously diagnosed prostate cancer were labeled in vivo with IdUrd (a thymidine analogue incorporated into DNA in S-phase cells) by intravenous infusion before transurethral resection. IdUrd-labeled cells and MIB-1-positive cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. We found statistically significant associations between the tumor cell proliferation rates measured by in vivo IdUrd labeling and MIB-1 expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors. Good correlations were also found between S-phase fraction, MIB-1 expression, clinical stage and malignancy grade. These results make larger retrospective studies on archival tissue meaningful.
Physiologically Important Electrolytes as Regulators of TDP-43 Aggregation and Droplet-Phase Behavior (2018)

Intraneuronal aggregation of TDP-43 is seen in 97% of all amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases and occurs by a poorly understood mechanism. We developed a simple in vitro model system for the study of full-length TDP-43 aggregation in solution and in protein droplets. We found that soluble, YFP-tagged full-length TDP-43 (yTDP-43) dimers can be produced by refolding in low-salt HEPES buffer; these solutions are stable for several weeks. We found that physiological electrolytes induced reversible aggregation of yTDP-43 into 10-50 nm tufted particles, without amyloid characteristics. The order of aggregation induction potency was K<sup>+</sup> < Na<sup>+</sup> < Mg<sup>2+</sup> < Ca<sup>2+</sup>, which is the reverse of the Hofmeister series. The kinetics of aggregation were fit to a single-step model, and the apparent rate of aggregation was affected by yTDP-43 and NaCl concentrations. While yTDP-43 alone did not form stable liquid droplets, it partitioned into preformed Ddx4N1 droplets, showing dynamic diffusion behavior consistent with liquid-liquid phase transition, but then aggregated over time. Aggregation of yTDP-43 in droplets also occurred rapidly in response to changes in electrolyte concentrations, mirroring solution behavior. This was accompanied by changes to droplet localization and solvent exchange. Exposure to extracellular-like electrolyte conditions caused rapid aggregation at the droplet periphery. The aggregation behavior of yTDP-43 is controlled by ion-specific effects that occur at physiological concentrations, suggesting a mechanistic role for local electrolyte concentrations in TDP-43 proteinopathies.
Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose/Collagen Dressings: Review of Evidence and Recommendations (2017)

An ORC/collagen dressing can be a critical tool for clinicians to help manage a variety of wounds. Clinical and economic studies comparing standard-of-care dressings and plain collagen dressings to ORC/collagen dressings are needed.
Theory of a High-Intensity Gas Laser (1970)

This paper presents a semiclassical theory of a single-mode gas laser valid for essentially arbitrary values of field intensity. The theory is formulated in terms of an ensemble-averaged form of the density-matrix equations of motion involving a single set of coordinates. The polarization and the population-inversion density are expanded in spatial Fourier components. One obtains a set of coupled difference equations in the Fourier coefficients ${y}_{n}$, which may be solved subject to appropriate boundary conditions on ${y}_{n}$ for large $n$. The solutions may be expressed in terms of continued fractions in the general case, and in closed form in important special cases. Quantities of interest are evaluated by computer. The steady-state laser intensity and frequency are obtained from the coupled electromagnetic field equations as functions of the cavity parameters and the linear gain of the amplifying medium. At moderate values of field intensity, the velocity distribution of the space-averaged population inversion density exhibits a fine structure for low-velocity atoms superimposed on the usual broader depletion. This structure is a manifestation of the coherent ringing of the amplifying medium. The results are compared with those obtained in the rate-equation approximation, and with the recent work of Stenholm and Lamb. Discrepancies with the latter paper are explained.
Comparison of PCR-based mutation detection methods and application for identification of mouseSult1a1 mutant embryonic stem cell clones using pooled templates (2005)

Reverse genetic approaches to generate mutants of model species are useful tools to assess functions of unknown genes. Recent work has demonstrated the feasibility of such strategies in several organisms, exploiting the power of chemical mutagenesis to disrupt genes randomly throughout the genome. To increase the throughput of gene-driven mutant identification, efficient mutation screening protocols are needed. Given the availability of sequence information for large numbers of unknown genes in many species, mutation detection protocols are preferably based on PCR. Using a set of defined mutations in the Hprt1 gene of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, we have systematically compared several PCR-based point mutation and deletion detection methods available for their ability to identify lesions in pooled samples, which is a major criterion for an efficient large-scale mutation screening assay. Results indicate that point mutations are most effectively identified by heteroduplex cleavage using CEL I endonuclease. Small deletions can most effectively be detected employing the recently described "poison" primer PCR technique. Further, we employed the CEL I assay followed by conventional agarose gel electrophoresis analysis for screening a library of chemically mutagenized ES cell clones. This resulted in the isolation of several clones harboring mutations in the mouse Sult1a1 locus, demonstrating the high-throughput compatibility of this approach using simple and inexpensive laboratory equipment.
Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of the decay $ B_s^0 $ → ϕμ + μ − (2013)

The determination of the differential branching fraction and the first angular analysis of the decay $B_s^0\to\phi\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ are presented using data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $1.0\,{\rm fb}^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment at $\sqrt{s}=7\,{\rm TeV}$. The differential branching fraction is determined in bins of $q^{2}$, the invariant dimuon mass squared. Integration over the full $q^{2}$ range yields a total branching fraction of ${\cal B}(B_s^0\to\phi\mu^{+}\mu^{-}) = (7.07\,^{+0.64}_{-0.59}\pm 0.17 \pm 0.71)\times 10^{-7}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third originates from the branching fraction of the normalisation channel. An angular analysis is performed to determine the angular observables $F_{\rm L}$, $S_3$, $A_6$, and $A_9$. The observables are consistent with Standard Model expectations.
Stimulation‐dependent facilitation of the high threshold calcium current in guinea‐pig ventricular myocytes. (1990)

1. Stimulation-dependent modulation of Ca currents was examined in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes at room temperature. Whole-cell recordings of Ca currents were made under conditions which minimized ionic fluxes through other channels. 2. Stimulation from rest at a rate of 2 Hz resulted in a decrease of the low threshold Ca current within one pulse and facilitation of the high threshold Ca current within five pulses. Facilitation was associated with a reduction in the rate of inactivation. 3. Pulse durations as short as 10 ms facilitated the high threshold Ca current in subsequent pulses. Facilitation produced by a single pulse decayed with a half-time of several seconds. 4. Substitution of Ba2+ or Sr2+ for external Ca2+ reduced the rate of inactivation of the high threshold Ca current and abolished facilitation of the current. 5. Facilitation persisted with 40 microM-Ruthenium Red added to the internal solution or 0.2-2 microM-ryanodine added to the bath solution to reduce Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 6. Facilitation was modulated by isoprenaline. Low concentrations of isoprenaline (5-10 nM) increased the amount of facilitation. Isoprenaline (1 microM) increased the Ca current approximately 3-fold, however, facilitation was nearly abolished. 7. Caffeine (0.5 and 1 mM) affected the Ca current and facilitation in a manner similar to 1 microM-isoprenaline. It increased the Ca currents approximately 2.5-fold and facilitation was not observed. 8. We conclude that stimulation-dependent facilitation of the high threshold Ca current is mediated by calcium and hypothesize that calcium affects a site near the Ca channel that modifies the rate of inactivation. The common actions of caffeine and high concentrations of isoprenaline suggest that calcium modulates a phosphorylation step.
Thermochemical Water-Splitting for Hydrogen Production by Antimony-Iodine Processes (1982)

A new thermochemical water-splitting process named "Sb-I Process" was proposed on the basis of thermodynamic considerations and some preliminary experiments. The process consists of three reactions which eventually produce hydrogen from water via HI intermediate. Subsequent examinations, however, showed that this process embraced a difficulty in the separation of HI gas from the reaction system. To overcome this difficulty, the process was subjected to modification in two ways. First the electrolysis of the aqueous HI solution was combined with the original process to eliminate the HI separation step. The overall efficiency for this "Sb-I Hybrid Process" was estimated to be 33～37％ when the recovery of heat was assumed to be 80％. The second modification was carried out by introducing calcium as an additional reaction medium. The resulting modified process, "Sb-I-Ca Process", consists of five reactions. It was found that all reaction- and separation-steps in this process could be conducted without serious difficulties. From a flow diagram made on the basis of the experimental results, the overall efficiency was estimated to be about 39％ with an assumption of 80％ heat recovery.
Effects of working pressure and annealing on bulk density and nanopore structures in amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O thin-film transistors (2017)

Abstract Microstructures of amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) thin films of different densities were analyzed. Device-quality a-IGZO films were deposited under optimum conditions, e.g., the total pressure P tot = 0.55 Pa produced high film densities of ∼6.1 g/cm 3 , while a very high P tot = 5.0 Pa produced low film densities of 5.5 g/cm 3 . Both films formed uniform high-density layers in the vicinity of the glass substrate, 10–20 nm in thickness depending on P tot , while their growth mode changed to a sparse columnar structure in thicker regions. X-ray reflectivity and in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry provided different results on densification by post deposition thermal annealing; i.e., the latter has a higher sensitivity. High- Z -contrast images obtained by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy were also useful for detecting nanometer-size non uniformity even in device-quality a-IGZO films.
On-Treatment Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Adults With Isolated Systolic Hypertension (2017)

URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00151229.
An up to 3-Year Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing the Outcome of Glass Fiber Posts and Composite Cores with Gold Alloy-Based Posts and Cores for the Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth. (2016)

After being followed for up to 3 years, both cast gold and composite post and core systems performed well clinically. Longer follow-up times are needed to detect possible significant differences. Int J Prosthodont 2011;24:363-372.
Stereoregular polymerization of 1‐vinylnaphthalene, 2‐vinylnaphthalene, and 4‐vinylbiphenyl (1967)

Abstract 1‐Vinylnaphthalene, 2‐vinylnaphthalene, 4‐vinylbiphenyl, and styrene were polymerized with Et 3 Al–TiCl 4 , Et 2 AlCl–TiCl 3 , and Et 3 Al–TiCl 3 catalyst systems. The latter catalyst system gave polymers in 75–95% conversion which were at least 90% isotactic. Extraction with 2‐butanone (MEK) separated the atactic from the isotactic fractions. The polymers were characterized by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Document image analysis for digital libraries (2006)

Digital Libraries have many forms -- institutional libraries for information dissemination, document repositories for record-keeping, and personal digital libraries for organizing personal thoughts, knowledge, and course of action. Digital image content (scanned or otherwise) is a substantial component of all of these libraries. Processing and analyzing these images include tasks such as document layout understanding, character recognition, functional role labeling, image enhancement, indexing, organizing, restructuring, summarizing, cross linking, redaction, privacy management, and distribution.
Optical Nonreciprocity in Optomechanical Structures (2009)

We demonstrate that optomechanical devices can exhibit nonreciprocal behavior when the dominant light-matter interaction takes place via a linear momentum exchange between light and the mechanical structure. As an example, we propose a microscale optomechanical device that can exhibit a nonreciprocal behavior in a microphotonic platform operating at room temperature. We show that, depending on the direction of the incident light, the device switches between a high and low transparency state with more than a 20 dB extinction ratio.
Wertorientierte Investitionsplanung (2007)

Die Controlling - Zeitschrift für erfolgsorientierte Unternehmenssteuerung liefert Monat für Monat fundierte und anwendungsorientierte Fachbeiträge für das Management sowie das Finanz- und Rechnungswesen in Unternehmen. Klar gegliedert und strukturiert werden für alle Controlling-Bereiche die Faktoren für eine erfolgreiche Unternehmenssteuerung aufgezeigt.
[DNA polymerase beta from the rat liver. Isolation, properties and inhibitory analysis of a homogeneous preparation]. (1985)

A simple and reproducible purification procedure of homogeneous DNA polymerase beta from rat liver is developed, including sedimentation and saline extraction of rat liver chromatin, chromatography of the extract on DEAE-cellulose, phosphocellulose, Gel Blue A, and DNA sepharose. The purified enzyme isolated with the 8.4% yield proved to be a homogeneous protein with m.w. 38-40 kDa, specific activity 31 units/g, pI 8.6-8.9. Incorporation of [3H]TTP into activated DNA catalysed by DNA polymerase beta was strongly inhibited by dNTP (3'NH2), ddTTP, dNTP (3'F) and slightly inhibited by aCTP and aNTP (3'NH2).
Acousto-optic random-access laser scanning microscopy: fundamentals and applications to optical recording of neuronal activity. (1998)

A novel approach to laser scanning microscopy is presented that utilizes diffraction-based scanning principles to achieve fast random-access positioning of a focused laser beam. This non-imaging approach overcomes the speed limitation of present reflection-based scanning microscopes while maintaining high spatial resolution. The presented system combines conventional video microscopy with fast non-imaging scanning microscopy. Together with readily available optical indicators of neuronal activity, this system permits multi-site optical recording from living brain tissue. In this paper, we will review the underlying principles of laser scanning microscopy and the steps in development that led to the current acousto-optic scanning system. We will present typical signals recorded with the current system, and we will outline ongoing extensions of the system. We will also discuss the present limitation of this instrumentation and look into directions of future development.
Positive blood cultures and diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in cases with negative culture of cerebrospinal fluid (2008)

The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis may be established through positive blood cultures in cases with negative culture of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, information is sparse regarding how often the aetiological diagnosis is determined by blood culture alone. Therefore, we undertook a retrospective study of patients with meningitis and a blood culture-based bacterial diagnosis in North Jutland County, Denmark in 1997-2005. Patients were included if they had 1) a microscopy- and culture-negative CSF specimen with a leukocyte count > or =100x10(6)/l and an erythrocyte count < or =10,000x10(6)/l and 2) a positive blood culture within an interval of 3 d. A total of 20 patients fulfilled these criteria: 7 with Streptococcus pneumoniae, 4 with Neisseria meningitidis, 4 with Staphylococcus aureus, and 5 with miscellaneous bacteria. Suitable antibiotic therapy was delayed up to 48 h after lumbar puncture, and in-hospital mortality was 25%. A discharge diagnosis of bacterial meningitis was missing in 6/20 cases, and 12/20 cases had not been reported to Danish health authorities. Thus, patients with CSF-culture negative bacterial meningitis are at risk of delayed therapy, a poor outcome, and incomplete notification to health authorities.
Incentive based Allocation of Terminals in Heterogeneous Access Networks (2024)

The contribution of this paper is a solution to the problem of allocating terminals to the appropriate access network in locations where an operator owns multiple access networks with overlapping coverage. This problem is destined to arise since the 3GPP Evolved Packet Core (EPC) allows operators to efficiently manage multiple access networks under one core network. The underlying assumption of this work is that user preferences, terminals, services and access networks are heterogeneous. While in state-of-the-art methods the network decides which terminal goes to which access network, we propose that this decision is taken at the terminal. The essence of our mechanism is that the network gives the terminals an incentive to hand over from an access network if the operator wants them to do so. The network offers the terminal a reward in form of loyalty program points, free minutes, money, or something alike for a handover. The terminal then decides whether to hand over based on the potential reward and other parameters. We further develop a highly configurable framework which allows a vast amount of terminal allocation methods, including incentive based ones. This is achieved by adopting a terminal-centric network paradigm, i.e., all actions are initiated by the terminals but need to be authorized by the network.
Potent, Selective Pyrone-Based Inhibitors of Stromelysin-1 (2005)

In an effort to develop alternatives to hydroxamate-based matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MPIs), we have utilized the drug discovery program LUDI enhanced with the structural coordinates of a bioinorganic model complex. This method has yielded the first pyrone-based MPIs. The inhibitors demonstrate nanomolar potency against MMP-3 and are selective for MMP-3 over MMP-2 and MMP-1. We postulate that the potency and unusual selectivity profile of these MPI is attributable to the pyrone chelating group.