gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Finite-Deformation Mechanics Theory for Kinetically Controlled Transfer Printing (2013)

The widely used steady-state energy release rate G = F/w is extended to account for the elastic energy of deformed compliant stamps, e.g., low-modulus poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS). An analytical expression for the energy release rate is obtained to quantify interfacial adhesion strength in tape peeling tests, and to analyze the dynamics of kinetically controlled transfer printing. The critical delamination velocity to separate retrieval and printing is related to the critical energy release rate and the tensile stiffness of the stamp. Experimental results validate the analytical expression established by the mechanics model.
Local Structure of Dilute Gallium Ions in LiNi[sub 0.908]Co[sub 0.085]Ga[sub 0.003]O[sub 2] Cathode Material (2002)

We have utilized "in situ" X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to study the local atomic structure of dilute Ga dopants in cathode material. We find that in the as-prepared material ions occupy Ni-type sites in the host lattice, as expected. On delithiation (charging), Ga migrates from octahedral Ni-type sites to interstitial tetrahedral sites. The high site preference of ions for tetrahedral sites leads to the stabilization of the Ga ions in these sites. We speculate that this migration of the ions suppresses the transfer of Ni to Li-type sites and also helps to maintain a single hexagonal phase by acting as pillaring ions during high states of charge. We suggest that the high stability of Ga in tetrahedral sites is at the origin of the significant improvement of the cycling and structural properties of Ga-doped cathode materials reported earlier by others. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A comparative study of optimization techniques for tuning a finite element model of the lung to biomechanical data. (2007)

A comparison between two stochastic optimization techniques, adaptive simulated annealing (ASA) and the multi-island genetic algorithm (MIGA) is conducted to investigate which is the more attractive option for tuning a finite element model to match experimental data. The study probes the repeatability, robustness and sensitivity of each algorithm. While both algorithms produced FE results within one standard deviation of the experimental mean, the ASA approach proved more effective than the MIGA. The ASA algorithm demonstrated better repeatability after 1000 trials, with an average parameter value change of 9%. The ASA algorithm also probed a wider range of the solution space and produced results with significantly lower sum-of-squares error than the MIGA (t-test, one tailed, p < 0.001).
Task-at-hand interface for change detection in stock market data (2006)

Companies trading stocks need to store information on stock prices over specific time intervals, which results in very large databases. Large quantities of numerical data (thousands of records) are virtually impossible to understand quickly and require the use of a visual model, since that is the fastest way for a human brain to absorb those enormous collections of data. However, little work has been done on verifying which visualizations are more suitable to represent these data sets. Such work is of crucial importance, since it enables us to identify those useful visual models and, in addition, opens our minds to new research possibilities. This paper presents an empirical study of different visualizations, that have been employed for stock market data, by comparing the results obtained by all studied techniques in typical exploratory data analysis tasks. This work provides several research contributions to the design of advanced visual data exploration interfaces.
Biomimetic Porous PLGA Scaffolds Incorporating Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Kidney Tissue Regeneration (2016)

Chronic kidney disease is now recognized as a major health problem, but current therapies including dialysis and renal replacement have many limitations. Consequently, biodegradable scaffolds to help repairing injured tissue are emerging as a promising approach in the field of kidney tissue engineering. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a useful biomedical material, but its insufficient biocompatibility caused a reduction in cell behavior and function. In this work, we developed the kidney-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) incorporated PLGA scaffolds as a cell supporting material for kidney tissue regeneration. Biomimetic PLGA scaffolds (PLGA/ECM) with different ECM concentrations were prepared by an ice particle leaching method, and their physicochemical and mechanical properties were characterized through various analyses. The proliferation of renal cortical epithelial cells on the PLGA/ECM scaffolds increased with an increase in ECM concentrations (0.2, 1, 5, and 10%) in scaffolds. The PLGA scaffold containing 10% of ECM has been shown to be an effective matrix for the repair and reconstitution of glomerulus and blood vessels in partially nephrectomized mice in vivo, compared with only PLGA control. These results suggest that not only can the tissue-engineering techniques be an effective alternative method for treatment of kidney diseases, but also the ECM incorporated PLGA scaffolds could be promising materials for biomedical applications including tissue engineered scaffolds and biodegradable implants.
Correlating the morphological changes to electrochemical performance during carbon corrosion in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (2022)

Carbon corrosion in catalyst layer of PEFCs showed two phases: in first 500 AST cycles carbon corroded rapidly and catalyst layer thickness was lost, after that corrosion slowed down but a pore structure collapsed, increasing O 2 transport resistance.
Experimental Throughput Analysis in Screen-Camera Visual MIMO Communications (2016)

Screen-camera communication, which uses a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen and camera image sensors, has been an attractive variant of visible light communications (VLC) since display and camera have been equipped with in various mobile devices. To improve transmission rates, we investigate the impact of nonlinear channel equalization and nonbinary channel coding as well as high-order modulation schemes. Equalization techniques can reduce the effect of channel impairments, such as color mixing. Nonbinary coding improves reliability of high-order modulation and thus increases the transmission rate. Experimental evaluations using an LCD screen and camera demonstrate that our proposed scheme achieves 3.6-2.4 times higher transmission rates compared to existing schemes for a communication distance of 40-100 cm.
The Pivotal Role of Satellite and Airborne Internet to Drive the Internet of Things; Future Vision (2015)

This paper explores the role of satellite communication and airborne Internet on the future global information infrastructure towards the IoT. These technologies are important insofar as they are the key factors in developing and improving high altitude Internet towards the IoT. In addition, presented herein is the outline of the benefits and future keys in the current satellite, and airborne Internet systems for improving the IoT. Furthermore, this work exhibits how the current satellite services contribute to the design for a new IoT application. There is a growing global demand for IoT communications, yet terrestrial networks only cover a small percentage of the world. Satellite and Airborne Internet can make it possible for future applications to run on a truly global scale, in the most remote areas, on land and in flight. The IoT is expected to continue driving up demand for the integration of satellite and high altitude Internet services. This paper addresses some of the trends and issues involved in developing an Airborne Internet (A.I) and satellite communications capable of achieving a better Internet of Things. Also understanding relations between these trends and the concerns, objectives and functional requirements.
Magnetic Immunity Guideline for Embedded MRAM Reliability to Realize Mass Production (2020)

In the era of embedded MRAM (eMRAM) technology evolution for the replacement of eFlash and SRAM, the correlation between magnetic immunity (MI) and eMRAM reliability must be well understood to realize the mass production. In this paper, we have classified the types of MIs and also established the MI guidelines for eMRAM product reliability for the first time. From 40Mb eMRAM package-level data, our proposed MI specifications guarantee the 10 years of reliability at operating temperatures ranging from -40°C to 150°C, which covers all industrial-grade and automotive-grade-1 applications.
A phase I study of the safety and activation of a cathepsin-activatable fluorescent cancer-specific probe LUM015. (2014)

TPS11135 Background: Local recurrence is a common mode of failure for patients with cancer. Intra-operative detection of microscopic residual disease in the tumor bed could be used to decrease the risk of a positive surgical margin, reduce the rate of re-excision, and tailor adjuvant therapy. Previously, we utilized a primary mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) to develop a novel imaging system to detect cancer (Cancer. 2012). Because cathepsin proteases are preferentially expressed in tumors compared to normal tissue, we used cathepsin-activatable fluorescent imaging agents with a novel imaging device for intra-operative assessment of residual cancer within tumor beds of mice. We demonstrated that residual fluorescence detected in the tumor bed by the imaging system correlates with local recurrence and that image guided surgery improves outcomes for mice with positive residual fluorescence. LUM015 is a pegylated cathepsin-activated imaging agent containing a Cy5 fluorophore attached to a quencher by a polypeptide linker. Upon cleavage of the linker by cathepsin proteases, the quencher is released, allowing fluorescence to be detected. A phase I clinical trial is open at Duke to test the safety of LUM015 (NCT01626066). Methods: This open-label nonrandomized trial compares up to four dose cohorts of LUM015 (cohorts -1 to 3: 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/kg) in order to determine a safe and recommended phase II dose of LUM015 that labels tumors in human patients. Subjects with STS or breast cancer receive LUM015 by peripheral intravenous injection 2-72 hours prior to scheduled surgical resection. Safety evaluations prior to and during the 24-hour period after injection consist of vital signs, ECG, PFTs, blood and urine studies and documentation of any adverse pharmacological activity (APA). This evaluation is repeated at 2, 7 and 14 days after study agent delivery and an end of study APA assessment occurs 30-35 days after surgery. Pharmacokinetic parameters are also determined. Correlative studies include quantitative imaging as well as histological and biochemical analyses of the resected tissues. To date, cohorts 1 and 2 (n=9 patients) have been enrolled without APA. Enrollment in cohort 3 began in January 2014. Clinical trial information: NCT01626066.
Developing Perovskite Halide Scintillator thin films for Fast-Timing applications (2020)

The mixed metal halide perovskite materials have generated interest in numerous optoelectronic applications, including solar cells, light emitting diodes, and others. The general form of the perovskite structure is given by ABX3, and in the case of the mixed metal halides, the A and B site are organic molecules or transition metal atoms, and the X site is typically a mixture of bromine and iodine. It was recently reported that the inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 scintillates as a single crystal and in thin film form. The light emission from a crystal of CsPbBr3 was found to have X-ray excited luminescence yields of >120,000 photons/MeV at low temperatures, and there have been reports using this material in thin film form producing ~21,000 photons/MeV. These reports suggest that the perovskite scintillators are extremely fast, and bright. Yet, these numbers also indicate that there is considerable room for improvement in the performance of thin film perovskite scintillators. Here, we explore the synthesis of scintillating perovskite CsPbBr3 for high resolution X-ray imaging. Nanosheets of CsPbBr3 were formed using chemical synthesis, with the thin film scintillator formed by low-cost drop casting and spin coating. Additionally, we explore different types of perovskite scintillators by changing the composition of the thin film, and tuning the size of the colloidal nanosheets. Due to the potential for high brightness, high absorption efficiency, and fast timing, this scintillator may be useful for high frame rate, low-flux applications.
The fabrication of high filling factor double side micro lens array with high alignment accuracy (2011)

The high filling factor double side micro lens array (MLA) for laser beam shaping has been widely applied in optoelectrical applications. In this paper, we demonstrated the double side MLA for the laser beam shaping process. The point laser source has been successfully transformed into a two dimension uniformity light imaging. The ultra-precision slow tool servo (STS) diamond shaping and plastic injection method for MLA fabrication had been studied. The complexity micro structure of high filling factor MLA via the planning of cutting tool path is used in this research. The high alignment accuracy of both sides MLA is obtained by artful fixture design. The form accuracy and surface roughness are less than 0.1&mu;m and 10nm, respectively. The alignment error of both sides MLA is less than 10&mu;m.
Quantitative Correlation of Solvent Polarity with the α‐/310‐Helix Equilibrium: A Heptapeptide Behaves as a Solvent‐Driven Molecular Spring (2003)

Dehnübungen für Peptide: Die Lösungsmittelpolarität entscheidet, ob das Heptapeptid Ac-[Aib-L-(αMe)Val-Aib]2-L-His-NH2 in α-Helix- oder 310-Helix-Konformation vorliegt (siehe Bild). Die Gleichgewichtskonstante dieses Wechselspiels korreliert mit dem empirischen Lösungsmittelpolaritätsparameter E. Moleküldynamik-Rechnungen veranschaulichen, wie das Peptid sich streckt (→310-Helix, rechts) und zusammenzieht (→α-Helix, links). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2003/z51015_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Sustainable Bioleaching of Rare Earth Elements from Industrial Waste Materials Using Agricultural Wastes (2019)

Agricultural waste was used as substrate for fermentation by Gluconobacter oxydans to produce lixiviant for rare earth element (REE) recovery from industrial waste materials, i.e., spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts. Biolixiviant generated from potato wastes performed comparably to that generated from refined glucose (25.7% ±0.2 and 25.1% ±1.1 REE recovered, respectively). Corn stover yielded a slightly less effective biolixiviant (23.3% ±0.3 REE recovered) but may serve as a better industrial substrate since collection systems for stover are already in development and have been implemented in several locations. Techno-economic analysis indicated that the use of agricultural waste carbon could lead to a more cost-effective bioleaching process than refined glucose. Analyses suggested that a corn stover-based bioleaching plant would have 22% lower total costs than a potato wastewater-based plant, and a potato wastewater-based plant should have 17% lower total costs compared to a glucose-based plant. An environmental life cycle analysis showed no clear winner among the three alternatives when ten impact categories were considered simultaneously. However, a corn stover-based process generally showed less environmental impact than a potato wastewater-based process or a refined glucose-based process. Our studies indicate that using agricultural wastes as substrates for biological production of lixiviant provides a profitable means for recovering critical metals from recyclable waste materials.
Abstract TP105: Increaed GABAA Mediated Synaptic Activity and Structural Remodeling in Peri-infarct Cortex Layer 5 in the Post-stroke Rodent Brain. (2013)

Introduction: The mechanisms of functional recovery after stroke are thought to be based on structural and functional changes in brain circuits adjacent to or connected with the stroke site. Deciphering these changes at the synaptic level is key to understanding the re-organization of the synaptic circuitry. Here we use a combined approach of i) array tomography to determine the composition of GABA synapses in the post-stroke mouse brain, with ii) electrophysiology to determine whether stroke leads to functional changes in GABA A receptor-mediated neurotransmission. Methods: A cortical lesion was induced in 12-week-old C57BL/6J male mice using the distal middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemia. For array tomography, small tissue was removed from the peri-infarct cortex and ribbons of serial ultrathin sections were obtained. Ribbons were stained with antibodies for synaptic markers. Analysis of the resultant staining pattern was used to quantify GABAergic synapses. In addition, whole-cell patch clamp recordings from acute neocortical brain slices were performed to evaluate GABA-mediated synaptic signaling in the peri-infarct cortex. Behavior was evaluated weekly. Results: At 1 week post-stroke, the array tomography data revealed an increase in the density and proportion of alpha1 subunit-containing GABAergic synapses in layer 5 of the peri-infarct cortex (Density: 0.064 vs 0.036 synapses/μm3. Proportion: 15.3 vs 9.1 %, p A receptor-mediated currents were enhanced in layer 5, but not in layer 2/3. These changes were specific to the pyramidal neurons. Behavioral impairment after stroke was observed only at 1 week compared to sham mice (p Conclusion: Our results suggest that stroke leads to an increased expression of functional GABA A receptors in peri-infarct neocortex and that these changes are layer- and cell type-specific. These synaptic changes may represent a mechanism of post-stroke functional recovery and remapping of surviving circuits.
Engineered Absorption Enhancement and Induced Transparency in Coupled Molecular and Plasmonic Resonator Systems (2013)

Coupled plasmonic resonators have become the subject of significant research interest in recent years as they provide a route to dramatically enhanced light-matter interactions. Often, the design of these coupled mode systems draws intuition and inspiration from analogies to atomic and molecular physics systems. In particular, they have been shown to mimic quantum interference effects, such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Fano resonances. This analogy also been used to describe the surface-enhanced absorption effect where a plasmonic resonance is coupled to a weak molecular resonance. These important phenomena are typically described using simple driven harmonic (or linear) oscillators (i.e., mass-on-a-spring) coupled to each other. In this work, we demonstrate the importance of an essential interdependence between the rate at which the system can be driven by an external field and its damping rate through radiative loss. This link is required in systems exhibiting time-reversal symmetry and energy conservation. Not only does it ensure an accurate and physically consistent description of resonant systems but leads directly to interesting new effects. Significantly, we demonstrate this dependence to predict a transition between EIT and electromagnetically induced absorption that is solely a function of the ratio of the radiative to intrinsic loss rates in coupled resonator systems. Leveraging the temporal coupled mode theory, we introduce a unique and intuitive picture that accurately describes these effects in coupled plasmonic/molecular and fully plasmonic systems. We demonstrate our approach's key features and advantages analytically as well as experimentally through surface-enhanced absorption spectroscopy and plasmonic metamaterial applications.
SWIPT-Enabled Multiple Access Channel: Effects of Decoding Cost and Non-Linear EH Model (2021)

We studied power splitting-based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (PS-SWIPT) in multiple access channels (MACs), considering the decoding cost and non-linear energy harvesting (EH) constraints at the receiving nodes to study practical limitations of an EH communication system. Under these restrictions, we formulated and analyzed the achievable rate and maximum departure regions in two well-studied scenarios, i.e., a classical PS-SWIPT MAC and a PS-SWIPT MAC with user cooperation. In the classical PS-SWIPT MAC setting, closed-form expressions for the optimal values of the PS factors are derived for two fundamental decoding schemes: simultaneous decoding and successive interference cancellation. In the PS-SWIPT MAC with user cooperation, the joint optimal power allocation for users as well as the optimal PS factor are derived. This reveals that one decoding scheme outperforms the other in the classical PS-SWIPT MAC, depending on the function type of the decoding cost. Finally, it is shown that the cooperation between users can potentially boost the performance of a PS-SWIPT MAC under decoding cost and non-linear EH constraints. Moreover, effects of the decoding cost functions, non-linear EH model and channel quality between the users are studied, and performance characteristics of the system are discussed.
The Psychology of the Yogas (2021)

The Psychology of the Yogas explores the dissonance between the promises of the yogic quest and psychological states of crisis. Western practitioners of yoga and meditation who have embarked upon years-long spiritual quests and who have practiced under the guidance of a guru tell of profound and ongoing experiences of love, compassion and clarity: the peaks of spiritual fulfillment. However, after returning to the West, they reported difficulties and crises in different areas of their lives. Why did these practitioners, who had apparently touched the heights of fulfillment, still suffer from these crises? The author explores the psychological theory of yoga and its concrete yogic psychological methods such as ‘cultivating of the opposite’ (pratipakṣa bhāvanā), transforming it to ‘imagining the opposite’, a practice aimed at healing negative habitual tendencies. These methods are extracted from an in-depth study of the Yoga of Patañjali and the Tibetan-Buddhist Ati Yoga of Longchenpa—the Dzogchen. The works of Patañjali (third century) and Longchenpa (fourteenth century) provide a profound psychological framework for understanding the human psyche. These methods are effective but at times difficult to implement. However, as demonstrated through a case study, Western psychology can effectively undo habitual tendencies in a manner which may complement yoga practice, enhancing the integration of one’s spirituality and psychology.