gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal-semiconductor-metal traveling wave photodetectors (2003)

Low-temperature-grown GaAs (LTG-GaAs) based photodetectors (PDs) merit a lot of attentions due to their ultrahigh electrical bandwidth performances. We review the advantages and applications of LTG-GaAs based metal-semiconductor-metal traveling wave photodetectors (MSMTWPD) and discuss their ultra-high speed and record high power-bandwidth product performances in both short (/spl sim/800 nm) and long (/spl sim/1300 nm) wavelength regimes. The MSMTWPD has lower microwave loss and higher microwave velocity than the structure of p-i-n TWPD. The superior microwave guiding structure also implies that the electrical bandwidth is less sensitive to the photo-absorption volume. The measured impulse response and its corresponding frequency response of MSMTWPD are shown under high bias voltage (30 V) and high excitation optical pulse energy (/spl sim/71 pJ/pulse) at the wavelength of 800 nm. The obtained peak output voltage (V/sub p/ /spl sim/30 V) and electrical bandwidth (190 GHz) product (5.7 THz-V) is the highest among all reported ultrahigh speed PDs. The excellent power-bandwidth product performance is due to short carrier lifetime of LTG-GaAs and superior microwave guiding structure. By utilizing the mid-gap defect states in LTG-GaAs, the photo-absorption in long wavelength regimes (1.3 /spl mu/m-1.55 /spl mu/m) can also be achieved. The record high power-bandwidth product performance among all reported high speed PDs in long wavelength regime has also been demonstrated with LTG-GaAs based MSMTWPD. However, compared with the high power performances in short wavelength regime, the demonstrated device exhibits a serious bandwidth degradation effect under /spl sim/1.3 /spl mu/m wavelength excitation. The different nonlinear behaviors at 1.3 /spl mu/m wavelength possibly originate from that the photon energy (/spl sim/1 eV) is much higher than the subband-gap photon-absorption energy (/spl sim/0.7 eV), which will induce significant hot electron, inter-valley scatterings, and serious increasing in carrier lifetime. By contrast, the hot electron effect under short wavelength excitation (/spl sim/800 mn) is not evident as the photon energy of excitation wavelength is close to the band-to-band photo absorption energy.
Particle filter map matching and trajectory prediction using a spline based intersection model (2014)

For Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Autonomous Driving it is of major advantage to know future trajectories of traffic participants. These are influenced by many factors in the environment. One important factor is the geometry of the intersection a vehicle is approaching. In this paper we describe how we can extract a spline based intersection model from low detail map data like Open-StreetMap that can be adjusted over time. A particle filter based map matching algorithm is used to localize the ego vehicle relative to the intersection model. Additionally, objects detected from the ego vehicle's sensors are matched onto the intersection model in order to predict the future trajectories of the ego vehicle and other traffic participants using the intersection model.
Improving energy efficiency of DRAM by exploiting half page row access (2016)

DRAM energy is an important component to optimize in modern computing systems. One outstanding source of DRAM energy is the energy to fetch data stored on cells to the row buffer, which occurs during two DRAM operations, row activate and refresh. This work exploits previously proposed half page row access, modifying the wordline connections within a bank to halve the number of cells fetched to the row buffer, to save energy in both cases. To accomplish this, we first change the data wire connections in the sub-array to reduce the cost of row buffer overfetch in multi-core systems which yields a 12% energy savings on average and a slight performance improvement in quad-core systems. We also propose charge recycling refresh, which reuses charge left over from a prior half page refresh to refresh another half page. Our charge recycling scheme is capable of reducing both auto- and self-refresh energy, saving more than 15% of refresh energy at 85°C, and provides even shorter refresh cycle time. Finally, we propose a refresh scheduling scheme that can dynamically adjust the number of charge recycled half pages, which can save up to 30% of refresh energy at 85°C.
The human Delta‐like 1 homologue is implicated in the progression of liver fibrosis in biliary atresia (2004)

Advanced liver cirrhosis frequently occurs in infants with biliary atresia despite early surgical correction. The aetiology is unknown, but may involve many cytokines and liver cells including hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). A cytokine expression array and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) were used to study cytokine expression during the progression of liver fibrosis in biliary atresia. A Delta-like 1 homologue (DLK1) gene was identified and this gene was up-regulated during the early stage, and down-regulated during the late stage, of biliary atresia, similar to the expression pattern of the procollagen alpha1(I) gene. Further characterization with immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and in situ hybridization revealed that the DLK1 protein was mainly present in the cytoplasm of smooth muscle actin-positive mesenchymal cells that were morphologically and immunohistochemically identical to activated HSCs/myofibroblasts, whereas DLK1 mRNA was present only in hepatocytes. As DLK1 is a negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation and may control cell fate during differentiation, overexpression of DLK1 protein in HSCs in the early stage of biliary atresia suggests that DLK1 may be implicated in the transformation of HSCs from fat-storing cells to myofibroblasts and in fibrogenesis associated with biliary atresia.
Further investigations on the effects of salts on SBSL (2001)

This current report extends earlier work done introducing lithium halide salts in the SL medium. A positive relationship between increasing salt concentrations in solution and bubble dynamics was noted. The radius versus time plots showed near perfect inelastic collapse of the bubble in lithium chloride solution as the salt concentration was increased to 3%. It appears that damping in the bubble is appreciably reduced in a solution with a high-salt saturation than in pure water. This observation seems in line with theories that considered the presence of water vapor molecules in the bubble as attenuating its collapse energy. However, any correspondence between the experimental and the theoretical C curves in the phase diagram plots could not be established. In this report, the following is examined: the effects of further increase in salt concentrations, gas saturations, and gas ratios in solution; of counterions other than lithium; and of lowering the temperature have on bubble dynamics. The aim, ultimately, is to have conditions streamlined for studies with salts in deuterated water, from which it is hoped to observe interesting products brought about by SL in this case. [Work supported by DARPA through a subcontract from University of Washington.]
Transmit diversity for high data rates in WCDMA indoor systems (2002)

One of the vital issues when regarding WCDMA, is the need to provide variable and high data rates. In the first stage of the WCDMA standard, data rates up to 2 Mbps are considered and the need for these data rates is expected especially in indoor environments and in the downlink. To improve system performance in terms of coverage and capacity, transmit diversity (TxD) with multiple antennas at the base station can be used. In fact, the current standard contains three different modes applicable to dedicated channels. In this work we first compare the three different modes with link level simulations. We conclude that for a 2 Mbps service in an indoor environment with small time dispersion, at least 3.5 dB lower transmit power is required if TxD with feedback information is used. With this preferred TxD mode, system simulations show that the service probability, in a sample office building, is almost completely determined by the number of available codes.
An Expedient Synthesis of an Isofervenulin Analogue. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A review of different techniques to characterise the mechanical properties of SLS parts – focus on resistivity measurements (2011)

As SLS has now been established as a rapid freeform fabrication technique in a growing application field (aerospace, tooling, bone and dental implants etc.), one feels more severely the lack of non-destructive, reliable and recognised diagnostic methods for the mechanical characterisation of SLS parts (quality control).
Dual-modality fluorescence and full-field optical coherence microscopy for biomedical imaging applications (2012)

Full-field optical coherence microscopy (FFOCM) is a high-resolution interferometric technique that is particularly attractive for biomedical imaging. Here we show that combining it with structured illumination fluorescence microscopy on one platform can increase its versatility since it enables co-localized registration of optically sectioned reflectance and fluorescence images. To demonstrate the potential of this dual modality, a fixed and labeled mouse retina was imaged. Results showed that both techniques can provide complementary information and therefore the system could potentially be useful for biomedical imaging applications.
Flagellin is a strong vaginal adjuvant of a therapeutic vaccine for genital cancer (2015)

Cervical cancer is a high-incidence female cancer most commonly caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of the genital mucosa. Immunotherapy targeting HPV-derived tumor antigens (TAs) has been widely studied in animal models and in patients. Because the female genital tract is a portal for the entry of HPV and a highly compartmentalized system, the development of topical vaginal immunotherapy in an orthotopic cancer model would provide an ideal therapeutic. Thus, we examined whether flagellin, a potent mucosal immunomodulator, could be used as an adjuvant for a topical therapeutic vaccine for female genital cancer. Intravaginal (IVAG) co-administration of the E6/E7 peptides with flagellin resulted in tumor suppression and long-term survival of tumor-bearing mice. In contrast to IVAG vaccination, intranasal (IN) or subcutaneous (SC) immunization did not induce significant tumor suppression in the same model. The vaginal adjuvant effect of the flagellin was completely abolished in Toll-like receptor-5 (TLR5) knock-out mice. IVAG immunization with the E6/E7 peptides plus flagellin induced the accumulation of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> cells and the expression of T cell activation-related genes in the draining genital lymph nodes (gLNs). The co-administered flagellin elicited antigen-specific IFNγ production in the gLNs and spleen. The intravaginally administered flagellin was found in association with CD11c<sup>+</sup> cells in the gLNs. Moreover, after immunization with a flagellin and the E6/E7 peptides, the TLR5 expression in gLN cells was significantly upregulated. These results suggest that flagellin serves as a potent vaginal adjuvant for a therapeutic peptide cancer vaccine through the activation of TLR5 signaling.
Letter: pre‐ and post‐operative anti‐viral therapy is important for patients with hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma – authors’ reply (2015)

We thank Dr Zhong for his letter and comments on our article,1, 2 which highlights the benefit of anti-viral therapy for patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Whether patients who have started anti-viral therapy before or after therapy will have the same prognosis remains an unanswered question. Hepatic resection may cause hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation and subsequent fulminant hepatitis, liver failure or death.3 We agree that it is more appropriate to initiate anti-viral therapy before liver resection, as anti-viral therapy has been shown to significantly reduce the rate of HBV reactivation.4 However, due to logistic reasons, not every patient is able to receive anti-viral therapy before resection. Our results showed that even patients treated after hepatectomy did better than those patients who were never on any anti-viral therapy (P < 0.001) and there was no statistically significant difference in the overall survival of patients who started anti-viral therapy before or after hepatectomy (P = 0.054).2 Therefore, patients who have not been treated before surgery should still receive anti-viral therapy afterwards. We acknowledge the potential bias in all studies involving historical controls. However, in our study the prospective and retrospective cohorts had similar follow-up time and early and late recurrence rates. While evidence supporting the benefit of anti-viral therapy on post-hepatectomy survival is more consistent, further data is needed to show the impact of anti-viral therapy on late recurrence.5 The authors’ declarations of personal and financial interests are unchanged from those in the original article.2
Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Dysfunction in Renal Cell Carcinoma (2000)

The development of an effective host immune response against neoplastic cells requires activation of T cells following recognition of tumor-associated antigens expressed on the appropriate antigen presenting cells (1). The generation of a cell-mediated cellular response typically involves CD8+ T cells that recognize peptides presented by MHC class I whereas CD4+ T cells recognize peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II along with the appropriate costimulatory molecules (B7.1 and B7.2). Activation of the Th1 CD4+ cells leads to the production of cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) that provides a critical signal for clonal expansion of antigen activated lymphocytes. IL-2 signaling also upregulates expression of effector molecules (granzyme B and pore forming protein) requisite for the cytolytic function of CD8+ T cells. Another critical cytokine is gamma-interferon (IFNγ), produced by both Th1 CD4+ and a subset of CD8+ T cells, that further promotes the development of a cellular response by enhancing MHC and costimulatory molecule expression as well as by activating macrophages. Activation of T-cell immunity is dependent on normal intracellular signaling through the T-cell receptor and subsequent downstream induction of a variety of transcriptional factors that regulate gene expression of cytokines, chemokines, and receptors involved in T-cell responses (1, 2).
High‐resolution variable‐density 3D cones coronary MRA (2015)

Coronary MR angiography with isotropic submillimeter spatial resolution and high temporal resolution can be performed with VD 3D cones to improve the depiction of coronary arteries.
of the dinuclear complex 1,2-bis(selenourea)-1njSe, 2njSe-1,2-bis(trimethylphosphine)digold(I) chloride (2004)

The single crystal X-ray structure of the compound [(Me3P-Au-Selenourea) 2þ 2 2Cl � ] has been determined. The [Me 3P-Au-(sel
Joint channel estimation and Markov Chain Monte Carlo detection for frequency-selective channels (2010)

In this paper, we develop a novel approach for joint channel estimation and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) detection for time-varying frequency-selective channels. First, we propose a sequential channel estimation (SCE) MCMC algorithm that combines an MCMC algorithm for data detection, and an adaptive least mean square (LMS) algorithm for channel tracking, in a sequential fashion. Then we develop a stochastic expectation maximization (SEM) MCMC algorithm that takes advantage of both the MCMC approach and the EM algorithm to find jointly important samples of the transmitted data and channel impulse response (CIR). The proposed algorithms provide a low-complexity means to approximate the optimal maximum a posterior (MAP) detection in a statistical fashion and are applicable to channels with long memory. Excellent behavior of the proposed algorithms is presented using both synthetic channels and real data collected from actual underwater acoustic experiments.
Rapid PCR amplification using a microfluidic device with integrated microwave heating and air impingement cooling (2010)

A microwave heating system is described for performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a microfluidic device. The heating system, in combination with air impingement cooling, provided rapid thermal cycling with heating and cooling rates of up to 65 degrees C s(-1) and minimal over- or under-shoot (+/-0.1 degrees C) when reaching target temperatures. In addition, once the required temperature was reached it could be maintained with an accuracy of +/-0.1 degrees C. To demonstrate the functionality of the system, PCR was successfully performed for the amplification of the Amelogenin locus using heating rates and quantities an order of magnitude faster and smaller than current commercial instruments.
Fuzzy smoothing algorithms for variable structure systems (1994)

A variable structure system (VSS) is a control system implementing different control laws in different regions of the state space divided by a set of boundary manifolds. The control input switches from one control law to another when the state crosses the boundary manifolds. In general, the control input may not be smooth when switching at these boundary manifolds and may excite high frequency dynamics. This paper proposes two fuzzy rule based algorithms for smoothing the control input. The merits of these fuzzy smoothing control algorithms are illustrated by two examples: a semiactive suspension system based on optimal control and a direct drive robot arm under discrete time sliding mode control. The controller design for these two examples is a blend of traditional control theoretic approaches and fuzzy rule based approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)gallates (I). (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrolytic Decomposition of Ammonia Borane to Boron Nitride. (2011)

Abstract The thermal decomposition of NH 3 ·BH 3 is characterized by TGA, TPD‐MS, attenuated total reflectance FTIR, scanning Auger microscopy, powder XRD, FESEM, DSC, and TGA‐MS.
IDDF2018-ABS-0034 High age-specific prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease amongst the elderly in the city of canada bay area, sydney: a metropolitan, population-based study (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> Knowledge of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) prevalence allows health care administrators to understand disease burden and appropriately plan for research and medical care. Young IBD subjects often migrate from rural to urban areas for education and work opportunities, necessitating metropolitan prevalence studies to reduce under-representation. Also, the impact of urbanisation on IBD prevalence requires further exploration. Unlike IBD incidence, where young age-groups dominate, we hypothesised that the elderly age-groups would have the highest IBD prevalence given mortality rates being equivalent to the general population. We aimed to determine the first IBD prevalence rates for New South Wales, Australia. <h3>Methods</h3> This was an observational, population-based epidemiological study which captured disease information of people living with IBD within the metropolitan City of Canada Bay Local Government Area on the 1st of January 2016. The diagnosis was according to the Copenhagen Criteria. Age-standardisation was according to the WHO Standard Population. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 330 cases of IBD (49.1% male, median age 47, IQR=27, crude point prevalence rate of 371.5 per 100,000). Full diagnostic confirmation was achieved in 100%. The age-standardised point prevalence rate was 359.2 per 1 00 000. The crude point prevalence rates were 167.8, 158.8 and 45.0 per 1 00 000 for Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and IBD Unspecified (IBDU), respectively. The age-standardised rates were 171.6, 148.1 and 39.5 per 1 00 000 for CD, UC, and IBDU respectively. IBD prevalence steadily increased with age, peaking at 1061 per 1 00 000 in patients older than 85 years. A trend was observed between prevalence and socioeconomic status between suburbs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Sydney exhibited the highest prevalence of IBD in Australasia. The extrapolated estimate for Australia was 89 000 people with IBD. Higher socioeconomic status and urbanisation may be contributing factors. The ageing IBD population accounts for the highest prevalence, peaking at greater than 1000 per 1 00 000. Safer therapies, cancer screening strategies and greater attention towards comorbidities are therefore of increasing importance in managing IBD patients.
A secreted protein of 15 kDa plays an important role in Phytophthora palmivora development and pathogenicity. (2020)

Phytophthora palmivora is a destructive oomycete plant pathogen with a wide host range. So far, little is known about the factors governing its infection structure development and pathogenicity. From the culture filtrate of a P. palmivora strain isolated from papaya, we identified a secreted glycoprotein of 15 kDa, designated as Ppal15kDa, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Two gene variants, Ppal15kDaA and Ppal15kDaB were amplified from a P. palmivora papaya isolate. Transient expression of both variants in Nicotiana benthamiana by agroinfiltration enhanced P. palmivora infection. Six Ppal15kDa mutants with diverse mutations were generated via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. All mutants were compromised in infectivity on N. benthamiana and papaya. Two mutants with all Ppal15kDa copies mutated almost completely lost pathogenicity. The pathogenicity of the other four containing at least one wild-type copy of Ppal15kDa was compromised at varying levels. The mutants were also affected in development as they produced smaller sporangia, shorter germ tubes, and fewer appressoria. The affected levels in development corresponded to the levels of reduction in pathogenicity, suggesting that Ppal15kDa plays an important role in normal development of P. palmivora infection structures. Consistent with its role in infection structure development and pathogenicity, Ppal15kDa was found to be highly induced during appressorium formation. In addition, Ppal15kDa homologs are broadly present in Phytophthora spp., but none were characterized. Altogether, this study identified a novel component involved in development and pathogenicity of P. palmivora and possibly other Phytophthora spp. known to contain a Ppal15kDa homolog.
Cladding Pump Recycling Device for 19-core EDFA (2019)

We confirm that cladding pump collection ratios of pump recycling devices for 19-core EDFAs are almost the same with the 7-core devices. A 19-core EDFA with cladding pump recycling has increased gain and unchanged NF.