gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Herpes simplex virus-induced suppression of macrophage-mediated tumoricidal activity in murine macrophages. (1987)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections can enhance the progression of neoplastic diseases. Since macrophages can be activated to become tumorilytic and may figure prominently in host defense against cancer, the ability of HSV to modify macrophage-mediated tumoricidal functions was evaluated. Murine peritoneal macrophages treated with HSV could not be activated to a tumoricidal state by mouse recombinant gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma). Addition of HSV 4 h after treatment with IFN-gamma, at a time when the macrophages are fully committed to developing the cytotoxic phenotype, blocked macrophage-mediated lysis of syngeneic melanoma target cells. This inhibition of activation and cytotoxicity was not due simply to uptake of virus particles, because treatment with heat-inactivated HSV at 4-h posttreatment with IFN-gamma had no effect. In addition, HSV did not undergo a productive infection within macrophages, suggesting that the observed inhibitory activity might be due to a virus-induced product. In this regard, treatment of macrophages with recombinant alpha-interferon suppressed the activation of these cells by IFN-gamma, suggesting that virus-induced alpha-interferon may be mediating all or part of the suppressive activity. These studies suggest that enhancement of tumor progression following HSV infection may be related to the virus-induced suppression of macrophage-mediated tumoricidal activity.
Screening of Feijoa (<i>Acca Sellowiana</i> (<i>O. Berg</i>) <i>Burret</i>) Fruit Effect on Proliferation and Apoptosis using Bone Marrow derived Stem Cells Model (2020)

Background and Objective: Curative properties of Feijoa sellowiana Bert. (Myrtaceae, Acca sellowiana), have been often claimed, while investigations into details of its bioactivities are still lacking. This study investigated the effect of acetonic extract of Feijoa (Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret) fruit on proliferation and apoptosis of bone marrow derived stem cells. Methodology: Human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) were characterized before experiments. MTT Assay was performed to determine the toxicity of Feijoa. The growth kinetics was also investigated until 7 days. Real time PCR assessed the expression of apoptosis genes. Results: In MTT assay, Feijoa at doses ≤ 5 ng/ml did not show any cytotoxic effect on hBMSCs and increased the cell proliferation until day 4th followed by a decrease until day 7th. Population doubling time (PDT) decreased until day 4th followed by an increase until day 7th. A significant increase in expression of Bax and decrease Bcl-2 expression were recorded on day 7th. Conclusion: The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and modulatory activities of Feijoa can explain the increasing effect on cell proliferation till day 4th, but the apoptotic activity of Feijoa noted after four days is reported for the first time denoting to the short term antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and modulatory properties of Feijoa that should be considered for curative activity of this fruit.
Compact supersonic molecular beam source with a liquid nitrogen trap (1991)

A compact supersonic molecular beam source was developed that has a liquid nitrogen trap to cryogenically pump the gas and is small enough in size to install in conventional molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) systems. With the source, well-collimated molecular beams of N2O and NO2 whose flux densities are ∼1016 molecules cm−2 s−1 are generated. The effectiveness of the source was proved in the preparation of oxide superconducting thin films by MBE with an NO2 beam where as-grown superconducting films were obtained in high vacuum of ≤10−5 Pa.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Micro- and Macroalbuminuria in Diabetic Subjects and Entire Population of Nauru (1989)

Rates of elevated urinary albumin concentration, defined as microalbuminuria (30-299 micrograms/ml) and macroalbuminuria (greater than or equal to 300 micrograms/ml), were determined on random morning urine specimens in the population of Nauru, which has a high prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of elevated urinary albumin levels in the total Nauruan population was very high: 26 and 30% of men and women, respectively, had microalbuminuria, whereas 13% of both sexes had macroalbuminuria. Of the subjects with macroalbuminuria, 66% had diabetes. The prevalence increased with worsening glucose tolerance; 26% of subjects with normal glucose tolerance had either micro- or macroalbuminuria, increasing to 43% of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, 63% of newly diagnosed diabetic subjects, and 75% of previously diagnosed diabetic subjects. Associations between elevated urinary albumin concentration and putative risk factors were assessed for both the total population (n = 1184) and the diabetic subgroup alone (n = 318). Fasting plasma glucose and hypertension were the most important independent correlates for the whole population, whereas plasma creatinine was also important in diabetic subjects. Age at onset and duration of diabetes were not found to be significantly associated with elevated albumin concentration. In subjects with normal glucose tolerance, hypertension and hyperuricemia were the most important associated factors. These results suggest that blood glucose, blood pressure, and possibly obesity and plasma uric acid are important modifiable risk factors for both micro- and macroalbuminuria in this population.
Miniature Wireless Magnetoelastic Resonant Motor With Frequency Selectable Bidirectional Rotation (2013)

This paper presents the analysis, fabrication, and experimental results of wirelessly actuated chip-scale rotary motors. Two designs are described. Design M is actuated by a φ8 -mm magnetoelastic stator lithographically micromachined from Metglas 2826MB-bulk-foil with 25 μm thickness. It operates at a resonant frequency of 11.35 kHz while 3-Oe dc and 2-Oe amplitude ac magnetic fields are applied. The measured rotation speed, start torque, calculated driving step size, and payload are 44 r/min, 2 nN ·m, ≈23 mdeg, and 9 mg, respectively. Design S uses a stator that is a sandwich of Si (φ8 mm diameter and 65 μm thickness) and magnetoelastic foil (φ8 mm diameter and 25 μm thickness) to tailor the stiffness. The typical resonant frequencies of clockwise (CW) mode and counterclockwise (CCW) mode are 6.1 and 7.9 kHz, respectively. The CCW mode provides a rotation rate of about 100 r/min, start torque of 30 nN ·m, and driving step size of 74 mdeg while 8-Oe dc and 6-Oe amplitude ac magnetic fields are applied. Bidirectional rotation is realized by switching the applied frequency, thereby exciting the stator in a slightly different mode shape. Design S shows at least 43-mg payload capability.
Photonic Clays: A New Family of Functional 1D Photonic Crystals (2008)

Clays have shown potential as intelligent optical sensing platforms when integrated into a one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) environment. The clay component imparts intrinsic functionality to the multilayer system by combining the signature ion exchange with the tunable structural color of photonic crystals, giving rise to environmentally sensitive photonic clay architectures. We have fabricated different Laponite-based 1D PCs and clay defect PCs by simple bottom-up self-assembly methodologies and elaborate their working principles and chemically encoded optical response. Accessibility of the multilayer system to analytes is studied on the background of the barrier properties of clays and diffusion control by the mesoporous oxide layers. The time dependence of analyte uptake and the extent and driving force for analyte release are pointed out and discussed in the context of different interactions between the clay layers and analytes. We demonstrate the possibility of optical cycling associated with repeated analyte uptake and removal processes, rendering photonic clays recyclable and low cost sensing platforms with simple optical read-out.
High-performance broadband optical coatings on InGaN/GaN solar cells for multijunction device integration (2014)

We demonstrate InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well solar cells grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on a bulk (0001) substrate with high-performance broadband optical coatings to improve light absorption. A front-side anti-reflective coating and a back-side dichroic mirror were designed to minimize front surface reflections across a broad spectral range and maximize rear surface reflections only in the spectral range absorbed by the InGaN, making the cells suitable for multijunction solar cell integration. Application of optical coatings increased the peak external quantum efficiency by 56% (relative) and conversion efficiency by 37.5% (relative) under 1 sun AM0 equivalent illumination.
The Medical Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies (2016)

Although antibodies have had many uses in research and medicine, the difficulties of producing high-titer specific antisera have often limited the role of serological reagents. Recently, a technique for fusing cultured myeloma cells to primary immune lymphocytes has made it possible to generate continuous cell lines secreting antibodies of predefined specificity. Because of the immortality and clonal nature of these hybridoma lines, the monoclonal antibodies they produce represent a homogeneous and well-defined re­agent that is available indefinitely and in unlimited amounts. Monoclonal antibodies can be generated to a wider range of antigens than can conventional antisera and are uniquely suited to a number of clinical as well as scientific purposes. Because of their interaction with phagocytic cells and components of normal immunoregulatory circuits, however, the use of monoclonal antibodies in vivo could have undesired effects. We have approached this problem by investigating the possibility of generating variant hybrldoma lines secreting antibodies with mutations in the constant region domains responsible for immunoglobulin effector functions. We have generated several such lines with a number of potentially useful functional alterations.
Impact of threading dislocation density on the lifetime of InAs quantum dot lasers on Si (2018)

We investigate the impact of threading dislocation density on the reliability of 1.3 μm InAs quantum dot lasers epitaxially grown on Si. A reduction in the threading dislocation density from 2.8 × 108 cm−2 to 7.3 × 106 cm−2 has improved the laser lifetime by about five orders of magnitude when aged continuous-wave near room temperature (35 °C). We have achieved extrapolated lifetimes (time to double initial threshold) more than 10 × 106 h. An accelerated laser aging test at an elevated temperature (60 °C) reveals that p-modulation doped quantum dot lasers on Si retain superior reliability over unintentionally doped ones. These results suggest that epitaxially grown quantum dot lasers could be a viable approach to realize a reliable, scalable, and efficient light source on Si.
Structure and Biochemical Characterization of Protein Acetyltransferase from Sulfolobus solfataricus (2009)

The Sulfolobus solfataricus protein acetyltransferase (PAT) acetylates ALBA, an abundant nonspecific DNA-binding protein, on Lys(16) to reduce its DNA affinity, and the Sir2 deacetylase reverses the modification to cause transcriptional repression. This represents a "primitive" model for chromatin regulation analogous to histone modification in eukaryotes. We report the 1.84-A crystal structure of PAT in complex with coenzyme A. The structure reveals homology to both prokaryotic GNAT acetyltransferases and eukaryotic histone acetyltransferases (HATs), with an additional "bent helix" proximal to the substrate binding site that might play an autoregulatory function. Investigation of active site mutants suggests that PAT does not use a single general base or acid residue for substrate deprotonation and product reprotonation, respectively, and that a diffusional step, such as substrate binding, may be rate-limiting. The catalytic efficiency of PAT toward ALBA is low relative to other acetyltransferases, suggesting that there may be better, unidentified substrates for PAT. The structural similarity of PAT to eukaryotic HATs combined with its conserved role in chromatin regulation suggests that PAT is evolutionarily related to the eukaryotic HATs.
PREVALENCE OF DIABETES AND IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN THE BIRACIAL (MELANESIAN AND INDIAN) POPULATION OF FIJI: A RURAL-URBAN COMPARISON (1983)

Rural-urban and ethnic comparisons of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus were made in the biracial population of Fiji in 1980. No statistically significant differences existed in age-standardized impaired glucose tolerance prevalence between rural and urban groups or between Melanesians and Indians. The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes in the rural Melanesian male population was one-third that of the urban male population (1.1 vs. 3.5%). In females, there was a sixfold rural-urban difference (1.2 vs. 7.1%). By contrast, rural and urban Indians had similar rates (12.1 vs. 12.9% for males; 11.3 vs. 11.0% for females). Standardization of two-hour plasma glucose for age and obesity did not eliminate the rural-urban difference in plasma glucose concentration for Melanesian males and females. The results in Melanesians confirm previously reported rural-urban diabetes prevalence differences, and suggest that factors other than obesity, such as differences in physical activity, diet, stress, or other, as yet undetermined, factors contribute to this difference. The absence of a rural-urban difference in diabetes prevalence in Indians may suggest that genetic factors are more important for producing diabetes in this ethnic group, or that causative environmental factors such as diet operate similarly upon both the rural and the urban populations.
ChemInform Abstract: Heimiol A, a New Dimeric Stilbenoid from Neobalanocarpus heimii. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Outphasing control of gallium nitride based very high frequency resonant converters (2015)

In this paper an outphasing modulation control method suitable for line regulation of very high frequency resonant converters is described. The pros and cons of several control methods suitable for very high frequency resonant converters are described and compared to outphasing modulation. Then the modulation technique is described and the design equations given. Finally a design example is given for a converter consisting of two class E inverters with a lossless combiner and a common half bridge rectifier. It is shown how outphasing modulation can be used for line regulation while insuring equal and purely resistive loading of the inverters. Combined with a proper design of the inverters that, insures they can achieve zero voltage switching across a wide load range, and gallium nitride FETs for the switching devices, this makes it possible to achieve more than 90% efficiency across most of the input voltage range with good line regulation.
Model for current patterns in physical systems with two charge carriers (1990)

The temporal and spatial evolution of patterns in physical systems due to electrical current flow can be described for a certain class of systems, which includes certain semiconductor and gas discharge systems, by a two-layer model in terms of the electrical current density and the electrical potential. An equation for the nonlinear layer is derived, the characteristic parameters of which can be obtained from experiments at the respective systems without inhomogeneous patterns lateral to the main current direction. The resulting equation takes into account diffusion and drift effects in the nonlinear layer. It turns out that the drift effects occur only if there is a ``net space charge.'' Two special cases are derived depending on which of the two layers gives the main contribution to the displacement current density, and the typical static and dynamic behavior is studied by numerical calculations. Furthermore, the application of the model to real devices is discussed, and a comparison is made with experimental results obtained with a dc glow-discharge system.
Transform-coded pel-recursive video compression (2016)

We propose an algorithm that accomplishes transform-coded, spatiotemporal, pel-recursive video compression. Traditional pel-recursive coders obtain sophisticated spatio-temporal predictions for the current pixel based on previously decoded data. The resulting per-pixel prediction errors are encoded independently so that the decoder can use previously-encoded pixels in the prediction of the current. It is well-known that pel-recursive coders significantly under-perform modern hybrid coders which use comparatively very simple predictors but transform code the prediction errors. Our algorithm combines the accurate predictors of pel-recursive techniques with transform coders so that the strengths of both approaches can be taken advantage of. In the proposed work, the decoder transform decodes the residuals for a block and then acts like a simple pel-recursive decoder for the pixels of that block. We show that the proposed algorithm can be seen as the use of a pel-recursion enabling transform at the encoder, which generates and encodes the correct transform coefficients to avoid error propagation at the decoder. A straightforward implementation of our work (implemented as an extension of HEVC that preserves independent decodability of INTER blocks) shows compression improvements over the baseline HEVC.
Support for garbage collection at every instruction in a Java compiler (1999)

A high-performance implementation of a Java Virtual Machine1 requires a compiler to translate Java bytecodes into native instructions, as well as an advanced garbage collector (e.g., copying or generational). When the Java heap is exhausted and the garbage collector executes, the compiler must report to the garbage collector all live object references contained in physical registers and stack locations. Typical compilers only allow certain instructions (e.g., call instructions and backward branches) to be GC-safe; if GC happens at some other instruction, the compiler may need to advance execution to the next GC-safe point. Until now, no one has ever attempted to make every compiler-generated instruction GC-safe, due to the perception that recording this information would require too much space. This kind of support could improve the GC performance in multithreaded applications. We show how to use simple compression techniques to reduce the size of the GC map to about 20% of the generated code size, a result that is competitive with the best previously published results. In addition, we extend the work of Agesen, Detlefs, and Moss, regarding the so-called "JSR Problem" (the single exception to Java's type safety property), in a way that eliminates the need for extra runtime overhead in the generated code.
Dose-dependent bone-sparing effects of dietary isoflavones in the ovariectomised rat (2001)

The dose-dependent bone-sparing effects of dietary isoflavones (IF) were investigated in adult (7-month-old) Wistar rats. Forty animals were ovariectomised, allocated into four groups of ten rats each, and immediately treated orally with IF at 0 (OVX), 20 (IF20), 40 (IF40) or 80 (IF80) microg/g body weight per d for 91 d; ten sham-operated (SH) controls received the same diet without added IF. Animals were killed on day 91. Both femoral failure load and total femoral, diaphyseal or metaphyseal bone mineral densities (BMD) were lower in OVX animals than in SH animals. Urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) excretion, a marker of bone resorption, and plasma osteocalcin (OC) levels, a marker of osteoblast activity, were higher in OVX animals than in SH animals. Total femoral and diaphyseal BMD and femoral failure load were similar in IF-treated rats and SH rats. Although metaphyseal BMD in IF40 or IF80 rats was similar to that in SH rats, its value was lower in IF20 rats than in controls. The day 91 urinary DPD excretion in IF40 and IF80 rats, but not in IF20 rats, was similar to that in SH rats. Day 91 plasma OC concentrations in IF-treated rats were similar to day 45 values, but were decreased in OVX and SH rats. Thus, daily IF consumption prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss, both by depressing bone resorption and stimulating osteoblast activity. Moreover, as only the highest IF level induced a weak uterotrophic activity, the optimal IF dose which preserves both cancellous and cortical bone, but exhibits no oestrogen-like effects on the uterus, was 40 microg/g body weight per d.
Cyber Chamber (2014)

Recently, online shopping continues to thrive in modern societies, especially via tablets and smartphones; however, in current online shopping environments, there is insufficient support for shopping with several people, which is often what shoppers do together in the nonvirtual world. In this paper, we propose a novel system that provides a new online shopping experience for multiple users. Here, we developed Cyber Chamber, a system that enables users to interact with tablets and wall projection for each user to search items privately via their tablets and then share those publicly on the wall. To evaluate the effectiveness of our system, we performed experiments. From our results, we confirmed that our proposed system successfully supports the ease of discussion, information sharing, and ease with which multiple users can together consider combinations of goods.
Ultrafast time-division demultiplexer based on electrooptic on/off gates (1992)

Electrooptic on/off gate-based demultiplexers for high-bit-rate optical transmission systems are reported. The electrooptic demultiplexing of a TDM 49.6 Gb/s fixed pattern data stream is demonstrated, using two cascaded Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ electroabsorptive multi-quantum-well intensity modulators driven at 6.2 GHz. Error-free 10 Gb/s demultiplexing to 5 Gb/s is achieved using cascaded Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulators driven at 1.25 GHz. The power penalty due to the interchannel crosstalk is 0.3 dB at the bit error rate of 10/sup -9/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>