gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probing complex morphologies at decreasing diffusion times using Diffusion-weighted MR Spectroscopy (2023)

Metabolite diffusion provide the unique ability to study the intracellular environment of specific cell types of the brain. Multiple studies suggest that the diffusivity along dendrites and axons is time dependent due to variations in diameter. We explore the signal due to such effects in Monte Carlo simulations in settings feasible for preclinical PGSE measurements and find that time dependent kurtosis, but not diffusivity provide the most potent source of contrast to this effect. We observe similar effects of intraneuronal NAA diffusion in rat.
Mouse antibodies to the insulin receptor developing spontaneously as anti-idiotypes. II. Effects on glucose homeostasis and the insulin receptor. (1984)

Mice immunized to bovine insulin were observed to develop anti-idiotypic antibodies which behaved in in vitro assays as antibodies to the insulin receptor. The studies described here were undertaken to investigate the effects of these antibodies in vivo on the physiology of glucose homeostasis and the state of insulin receptors. Mice developing anti-idiotypic receptor antibodies manifested abnormal fasting blood glucose concentrations: a period of hypoglycemia followed by a period of hyperglycemia. Moreover, the mice were deficient in their ability to respond to a glucose load. Changes in the number and activity of insulin receptors were associated with these physiological aberrations. In an insulin binding assay, adipocytes obtained from immunized mice had only 40% of the number of insulin receptors demonstrable on the adipocytes of control mice. The lipogenic response of the affected adipocytes was also relatively insensitive to insulin, and in addition, they manifested only 70% of the maximal response to high concentrations of insulin. Thus, development of anti-idiotypic receptor antibodies appeared to be associated with insulin resistance of adipocytes and abnormal glucose homeostasis.
Self-Labeling Framework for Open-Set Domain Adaptation With Few Labeled Samples (2023)

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) is extremely effective for transferring knowledge from a label-rich source domain to a label-scarce target domain. Because the target domain is unlabeled and may contain additional novel classes, open-set domain adaptation (ODA) has been suggested as a possible solution to detect these novel classes in the training phase. However, existing ODA methods rely heavily on abundant fully labeled source data, which are expensive to collect in specific applications and may also contain novel classes. In this study, we propose a novel self-labeling framework with prototypical contrastive learning and mutual information maximization to achieve ODA even when the amount of labeled data is very small, which is a new problem setting named few-shot ODA (FODA). We use self-supervised prototypical contrastive learning to train the network to learn the representations of source and target samples and maximize the mutual information between labels and input data to simultaneously recognize known and novel classes in the source and target domains. We evaluated our strategy in several domain adaptation environments and found that our method performed far better than existing approaches.
ChemInform Abstract: Materials Design Through Mechanochemical Processing (2011)

Abstract Review: 112 refs.
The pathogenic intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira pilosicoli forms a diverse recombinant species demonstrating some local clustering of related strains and potential for zoonotic spread (2013)

The strongly recombinant population structure of B. pilosicoli contrasts to the more highly clonal population structures of the related species Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira intermedia, both of which are specialized enteric pathogens of pigs and poultry. The genomic plasticity of B. pilosicoli may help to explain why it has been able to adapt to colonize the large intestines of a wider range of hosts compared to other Brachyspira species. The identification of a clonal group of isolates that had been recovered from different host species, including a human being, suggests that zoonotic transmission by B. pilosicoli may occur in nature. Evidence for local transmission between the same host species also was obtained.
Outcomes-based evaluations supporting computer-assisted surgery and minimally invasive surgery for total hip arthroplasty (2007)

Minimally invasive surgeries, as well as computer-assisted surgery for total hip replacement have gained popularity over recent years. This article provides an overview of state-of-the-art minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and computer-assisted surgery for total hip arthroplasty. A comprehensive review of the literature for scientific evidence supporting the use of these technologies was undertaken. This review evaluates whether commonly asked questions concerning these topics have been addressed. Controversy remains as to whether there are significant benefits of MIS or computer-assisted surgery for total hip arthroplasty. Fortunately, most studies report similar outcomes for both technologies. Minimally invasive techniques have been developed that do not significantly increase operative time or immediate postoperative complications. Computer-assisted navigation has shown improved radiographic alignment for total hip arthroplasty and may allow MIS to be performed more optimally. The authors believe that both of these technologies are likely to have a place in the future for hip arthroplasty with expectations of increased successful outcomes with these techniques while lowering complications and costs. Long-term outcomes of both techniques will need to be investigated.
Evaluation of antiretroviral drug efficacy for HIV-1 encephalitis in SCID mice (2000)

Abacavir and lamivudine showed significant antiretroviral activity in SCID mice with HIVE when compared with other NRTIs. The extrapolation of these results to humans with HIV-1 dementia awaits future investigations.
The Functional Effects of Biotinylation of Anti-angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Monoclonal Antibody in Terms of Targeting in Vivo (1995)

The effect of modification with biotin N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of mouse monoclonal antibody to angiotensin-converting enzyme, anti-ACE Mab 9B9, on its targeting to endothelial cells has been studied in vitro and in vivo. By in vitro assay, Mab 9B9 biotinylated at a biotin/IgG molar ratio in reaction mixture (B/IgG ratio) of 0.7-2.2 bound streptavidin monovalently and retained antigen-binding capacity. Mab 9B9 biotinylated at a B/IgG ratio of 20 and higher bound streptavidin polyvalently. Extensive biotinylation (B/IgG ratio of 60 and higher) led to dramatic reduction of Mab 9B9 Ag-binding capacity and to reduction of Mab 9B9 recognition by goat polyclonal antibody to mouse IgG. Radiolabeled Mab 9B9 biotinylated at a B/IgG ratio of 6 (b6-Mab 9B9) bound effectively to cultured vascular endothelium, with affinity characteristics similar to nonbiotinylated Mab 9B9. Endothelial cells internalized both Mab 9B9 and b6-Mab 9B9 to the same extent (60% internalization at 3 h incubation at 37°C). Degradation of cell surface-associated Mab 9B9 or b6-Mab 9B9 was very low (<1% as measured by TCA solubility of radiolabel). In contrast, degradation of internalized b6-Mab 9B9 was more profound than that of Mab 9B9 (20 ± 3% vs 6 ± 1%, P <0.01). After injection in rats, radiolabeled b6-Mab 9B9 had a biodistribution pattern similar to that of radiolabeled Mab 9B9. Both preparations effectively accumulated in the lung (15-20% of injected dose/g of tissue vs 2% of injected dose/g of blood). Extensive biotinylation led to both a reduction of specific pulmonary uptake of Mab 9B9 and an enhanced blood clearance of Mab 9B9. Streptavidin binding to b6-Mab 9B9 did not alter biodistribution or pulmonary targeting of biotinylated antibody. We conclude that extensive biotinylation induces complex alterations of the functional properties of Mab 9B9. In contrast, b6-Mab 9B9 may serve as an affinity carrier for targeting of biotinylated compounds to the pulmonary endothelium.
[Study on indicator system for evaluating the adult health literacy in China]. (2009)

In this study, the comprehensive evaluation indicator system had a good reliability and validity, and there existed no collinearity among four dimensions of indicator system, it should be the foundation for developing comprehensive evaluation index of health literacy.
Sensitivity of Influenza Rapid Diagnostic Tests to H5N1 and 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Viruses (2010)

Simple and rapid diagnosis of influenza is useful for making treatment decisions in the clinical setting. Although many influenza rapid diagnostic tests (IRDTs) are available for the detection of seasonal influenza virus infections, their sensitivity for other viruses, such as H5N1 viruses and the recently emerged swine origin pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the sensitivity of 20 IRDTs to various influenza virus strains, including H5N1 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses. Our results indicate that the detection sensitivity to swine origin H1N1 viruses varies widely among IRDTs, with some tests lacking sufficient sensitivity to detect the early stages of infection when the virus load is low.
A polarization-independent and contrast-ratio-enhancing module for all-optical wavelength shifting using SOA's (1996)

We demonstrate a polarization-independent and contrast-ratio-enhancing all-optical wavelength shifting module using polarization-dependent SOA's. When comparing our robust module to a single polarization-dependent SOA wavelength shifter, we reduce the polarization dependence from 3.5-0.5 dB and the contrast-ratio-induced power penalty from 5-1.5 dB when upshifting over 19 nm at 1 Gb/s.
Biocompatible PEG Grafting on DLC-coated Nitinol Alloy for Vascular Stents (2009)

The surfaces of Nitinol (TiNi), a popular metal alloy for arterial stents were thin-coated with diamond-like carbon (DLC) and then grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to increase biocompatibility. The TiNi control, DLC-coated TiNi (TiNi—DLC), and the PEG-grafted TiNi—DLC (TiNi—DLC—PEG) surface characteristics and biocompatibility were evaluated. The hydrophilicity of the TiNi—DLC—PEG significantly increased and the amount of both oxygen and nitrogen on the TiNi—DLC—PEG also increased compared to the TiNi control and TiNi—DLC due to the grafted PEG. The ratio between albumin and fibrinogen was higher on the PEG-grafted surface than the other surfaces when tested with human blood components; the platelet adhesion decreased the most on the TiNi—DLC—PEG surface, indicating improved blood compatibility. For in vivo tests using a rat model, the samples that were implanted for 6 weeks formed fibrous tissue; the tissue layer was much thinner on the PEG-grafted sample than the other two groups. The present results indicate that PEG-grafted TiNi—DLC surface may be effective in enhancing biocompatibility of blood-contacting biomaterials including vascular stents.
Figure S1 from Dual Inhibition of IGF-1R and ErbB3 Enhances the Activity of Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S1: IGF-1 and HRG induce strongest AKT phosphorylation in pancreatic cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;
A 200-mW GaAs 1 K SRAM with 2-ns cycle time (1987)

A very high-speed and low-power 1024/spl times/1 SRAM has been designed and fabricated using a normally-off recessed-gate FET technology. Minimum gate length is 0.7 /spl mu/m. A minimum access time of 1.4 ns has been obtained with a power dissipation of 210 mW. The memory cell area is 1197 /spl mu/m/SUP 2/ and the chip size is 1.91/spl times/2.21 mm/SUP 2/. The output voltage swing across a 50-/spl Omega/ load is 700 mV. The maximum simulated yield for 1 K SRAMs is discussed theoretically. A mean standard deviation in threshold voltage less than 15 mV is required to obtain 100% design yield. The SRAM has been shown to be fully operational using the march and checkerboard tests and exhibits read and write cycle times of 2 ns.
064 Risk Factors for Surgical Revision after Penile Prosthesis Surgery (2016)

In this study, we seek to find what differences exist between patients who have a problem-free course after penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) and those patients who develop problems that require revision surgery. We retrospectively analyzed 148 consecutive patients seen in our institution between January 2012 and December 2013 for placement of penile prosthesis. Using follow up visits and telephone calls, we were able to reach 118 (80%) of these patients. Patient characteristics were tabulated: demographics, previous medical and surgical treatment of erectile dysfunction, comorbidities, and social history. Student’s t-test was used to compare the continuous variables, and Fisher’s exact test for the categorical variables. Of the 118 patients who were contacted, 20 developed problems requiring revision (16.9%), including: 6 infections, 2 erosions, 4 malposition of device, 1 chronic pain, 7 device malfunction. A total of 21 (18%) patients presented with a history of previous PPI. Of the 20 patients who required revision after our surgery, 7 (35%) had previously had prosthesis surgery. The average Body Mass Index (BMI) of patients who required revision was 32.3 compared to 28.8 (p=0.005) in the no-revision group. Patients who were obese (BMI >30) had a revision rate of 32.6% compared to 5.8% in patients who are not obese (p=0.0003). In the revision group, 70% of patients had previously used intra-corporal injections (ICI) compared to 44% in the no-revision group (p=0.048). In the revision group, 35% of patients had previous PPI surgery compared to 14% in the no-revision group (p=0.049). The revision group had a higher percentage of diabetics (35% versus 24%) but this was not significant. Age, hypertension, smoking history, hyperlipidemia, African-American race, Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor use, vacuum erection device, and MUSE suppositories were found to have no significance.
Breakdown of magnetic order in Mott insulators with frustrated superexchange interaction (2008)

Measurements of dc conductivity and ac magnetic susceptibility under pressure to 12 GPa as well as of the crystal structure under pressure were made on antiferromagnetic ${\text{LaMnO}}_{3}$ and ferromagnetic ${\text{LaMn}}_{0.5}{\text{Ga}}_{0.5}{\text{O}}_{3}$ crystals. Collapse of magnetic ordering in both crystals has been found at a phase where the static Jahn-Teller distortion is suppressed. These results resolve the question whether a spin-ordered phase will survive if the orbital degree of freedom is released in an $e$ orbital system, a topic of broad current interest.
Deep levels in Te-doped AlSb grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1990)

Deep electron traps in Te-doped AlSb have been investigated by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The diodes used for DLTS measurement were InAs/AlSb n-N isotype heterojunctions (quasi-Schottky barriers) with excellent rectification characteristics, grown on n+-GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. In the temperature range investigated, from 90 to 300 K, a number of electron trap levels were observed, not all of them well defined. The best-defined level was found to have a thermal electron emission energy of 0.26 eV, much shallower than the values 0.46–0.48 eV found by Takeda et al. for AlxGa1−xSb alloys with x≤05. This suggests a compositional dependence of the thermal emission energy for the deep electron trap level in AlxGa1−xSb in the range 0.4&amp;lt;x≤1.0, in contrast to the constant value reported for AlxGa1−xAs. Temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements gave an ionization energy of 100 meV, suggesting that EDX decreases with increasing Al content, as in (Al,Ga)As. In a sample doped with Te at a level of 3.1×1017 cm−3, the trap concentration was 2.0×1017 cm−3, indicating that Te-doped AlSb has a much larger number of deep electron traps than n-AlAs.
Layout-level synthesis of RF bandpass filter on organic substrates for wi-fi applications (2004)

A fast and accurate layout-level synthesis technique for RF passive circuits such as handpass filters composed of quasi-lumped embedded inductors and capacitors on multilayer laminate type organic suhstrate is presented. The proposed approach is based on a combination of segmented lumped circuit modeling and artificial neural networks (ANNs). A complex multilayer passive circuit has been segmented into uncoupled sections which are then modeled using lumped circuit models that ensure broadband correlation with EM based data. The complete circuit model which includes all parasitics is then optimized and mapped using polynomial relations to geometrical parameters such as width, length and spacing of the components. To control the insertion loss (IL) of the circuit, the inductor geometries are optimized based on area constraints using nonlinear mapping based on ANN. The approach has been verified for a 2-pole X 3mm X 1.5mm, 9 component handpass filter centered at 2.45 GHz and scalability has been shown over a range of 2 3 GHz with bandwidth variation of 0.5-3% of center frequency (CF). The synthesized designs show good correlation with EM data.
Appearance of the Pattern Deviation Map as a Function of Change in Area of Localized Field Loss (2004)

The localized component of field loss in glaucoma produced an overestimation of diffuse loss and a consequent underestimation of the severity of focal loss by PD analysis. This effect increased as the spatial extent of the loss became more extensive and will lead to an underestimation of progressive localized field loss.
Smooth markets: A basic mechanism for organizing gradient-based learners (2020)

With the success of modern machine learning, it is becoming increasingly important to understand and control how learning algorithms interact. Unfortunately, negative results from game theory show there is little hope of understanding or controlling general n-player games. We therefore introduce smooth markets (SM-games), a class of n-player games with pairwise zero sum interactions. SM-games codify a common design pattern in machine learning that includes (some) GANs, adversarial training, and other recent algorithms. We show that SM-games are amenable to analysis and optimization using first-order methods.
Laser Oscillation without Population Inversion in a Sodium Atomic Beam (1996)

Continuous wave (cw) amplification and laser oscillation without population inversion have been observed for the first time in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ scheme within the sodium ${D}_{1}$ line. This is also the first demonstration in which the lasing medium was an atomic beam; this is an approach which, in addition to elucidating the physics, lays a foundation for extensions into the ultraviolet. Calculations using realistic atomic structure were critical to the choice of experimental approach. Observations agree with full density-matrix calculations and clearly show there was no population inversion.
Selective Catalytic Reduction of N2O with CH4 over Fe-BEA Catalysts-Reaction Intermediate and Reaction Mechanism- (2004)

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of N2O with CH4 in the presence of excess O2 was studied over ion-exchanged Fe-BEA catalyst by the observation of reaction intermediates in order to elucidate the reaction mechanism. From the results of activity tests, SCR of N2O with CH4 in the presence of excess O2 proceeded at much lower reaction temperature than N2O decomposition over the Fe-BEA catalyst. The profiles of temperature programmed desorption of O2 after N2O pretreatment gave a new desorption peak at lower desorption temperatures compared to the case of O2 pretreatment. However, the oxygen species desorbed at the lower temperatures did not react with CH4 in the profiles of temperature programmed reaction. From the structural analysis by means of extended X-ray absorption fine structure, a Fe-Fe bond was observed on the Fe-BEA catalyst after N2O treatment. This suggests that binuclear species can be formed over the Fe-BEA catalyst. In the in-situ FTIR observation, the methoxy and formate species were observed during the SCR reaction. We measured the reaction rates of these surface species with N2O and O2, and this is related to the selective reduction of N2O with CH4.
Transoral gastroplasty is safe, feasible, and induces significant weight loss in morbidly obese patients: results of the second human pilot study (2008)

Correction to: Transoral gastroplasty is safe, feasible, and induces significant weight loss in morbidly obese patients: results of the second human pilot studyEndoscopy 2008; 40(05): 406-413DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-995748
Full Sheet Control Through the Use of Steer-Able Nips (2007)

State of the art high speed color printers require sheets being accurately positioned as they arrive to the image transfer station (ITS). This goal has been achieved by constructing and building a steerable nips mechanism, which is located upstream from the ITS. This mechanism consists of two rollers which not only rotate to advance the paper along the track, but also steer the paper in the yaw direction. This paper presents the design, experimental setup, system model, and the control law necessary to precisely correct for the lateral and angular positions of the sheet as well as to deliver it on time to the ITS. The system model is nonlinear and subject to four nonholonomic constraints. The control strategy used is based on linearization by state feedback with the addition of internal loops for the control of the process direction velocity and steering position of the rollers. This paper also provides a formal convergence analysis for the controller designed as well as the methodology required to tune it. The success of this mechatronic approach is corroborated through simulation and experimental results, which show that the controller is able to correct sheet errors under the condition that the page has nonzero initial and final longitudinal velocities.
Resource sharing among HPSG and LTAG communities by a method of grammar conversion from FB-LTAG to HPSG (2001)

This paper describes the RenTAL system, which enables sharing resources in LTAG and HPSG formalisms by a method of grammar conversion from an FB-LTAG grammar to a strongly equivalent HPSG-style grammar. The system is applied to the latest version of the XTAG English grammar. Experimental results show that the obtained HPSG-style grammar successfully worked with an HPSG parser, and achieved a drastic speed-up against an LTAG parser. This system enables to share not only grammars and lexicons but also parsing techniques.
1027 Behavior of Colon Bacillus in Microchannels that Simulate Pouring Lip for Container of Liquid Food Products (2008)

Recently, the authors have developed a new container used for liquid food products such as soy sauce and milk, which consists of a paper case made of a sheet of recycled paper and a liquid-packing bag made of plastic film. One of the major features of the new container is that the container is capable of delaying the discoloration and decay of liquid food products. It was inferred that this function is due to the prevention of the invasion of microorganisms from a simple pouring lip into the bag; the lip is made of the same plastic film as the bag and is located in the upper part of the container. However, the reason microorganisms could not enter the bag remains to be determined. In this study, as a first step toward determining the above reason, the velocity of movement of colon bacillus in liquid in microchannels made to simulate the lip of the new container was measured using a digital image correlation technique. Results indicated that the existence of nutrition and increase in the gap size of rectangular channels increased the swimming speed of colon bacillus, and the ratio of colon bacillus adhered to the wall surface of the channels increased with decrease in the gap size. The shape of bacteria changed due to the existence of nutrition.