gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of human B lymphocytes. XIII. Characterization of multiple populations of naturally occurring immunoregulatory cells of polyclonally induced in vitro human B cell function. (1979)

The present study defines and characterizes multiple subpopulations of immunoregulatory human peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells of in vitro immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis. The in vitro pokeweed mitogen-induced (PWM) anti-sheep red blood cell (anti-SRBC) plaque-forming cell (PFC) response and intracytoplasmic (ICP) Ig formation varied among normal subjects studied. On the basis of PFC responses, normal individuals can be divided into responders (>75 PFC/10 6 mononuclear cells) and nonresponders ( 6 mononuclear cells). Furthermore, PB lymphocytes from PFC nonresponders also had decreased responses with regard to PWM-induced ICP Ig. Irradiated and nonirradiated unfractionated (total) T cells from responders both provided a net helper effect for PFC induction and ICP Ig production when co-cultured with allogeneic B cell-enriched suspensions. Within the total T cell population from responder individuals, T cells with an Fc receptor (R) for IgG (T G cells) suppressed PFC responses, whereas corresponding T G -depleted T cells obtained after overnight incubation did not suppress PFC responses. In addition, the total non-T cell fraction from responders suppressed B cell function in allogeneic and autologous co-cultures. However, this responder non-T cell-mediated suppression of Ig synthesis was radioresistant and was abrogated by removal of adherent cells. In contrast, nonirradiated total T cells from nonresponders did suppress PFC induction and ICP Ig production by allogeneic B cell-enriched suspensions. However, similar to responder individuals, irradiated total T cells from nonresponders not only did not suppress, but provided maximal T cell helper effect for PFC induction and ICP Ig production by allogeneic B cells. Furthermore, similar to responders, total non-T cell (E-rosette negative) fractions from nonresponders suppressed PFC responses in allogeneic co-cultures. However, this suppression was not abrogated by removal of adherent cells. The nonadherent suppressor cells in the E-rosette positive and E-rosette negative fraction from nonresponders bore an FcR for IgG. The primary difference between immunoregulatory cells found in responder and nonresponder subjects was the presence in nonresponders of E-rosette positive and E-rosette negative IgG FcR + suppressor lymphocytes that did not require exposure to 7SEA to suppress. Thus, the functional capabilities of immunoregulatory cell populations differ greatly among normal individuals and relate primarily to immunoregulatory control of Ig synthesis at the T cell level. These studies illustrate the complexities of human immunoregulatory cell functions as expressed in in vitro cultures and illustrate that many of the in vitro immunoregulatory abnormalities associated with disease states can be demonstrated under certain conditions in mononuclear cell suspensions from normal subjects.
Microarray-guided evaluation of the frequency, B-cell origins, and selectivity of human glycan-binding antibodies reveals new insights and novel antibodies (2022)

The immune system produces a diverse collection of antiglycan antibodies that are critical for host defense. At present, however, we know very little about the binding properties, origins, and sequences of these antibodies because of a lack of access to a variety of defined individual antibodies. To address this challenge, we used a glycan microarray with over 800 different components to screen a panel of 516 human monoclonal antibodies that had been randomly cloned from different B-cell subsets originating from healthy human subjects. We obtained 26 antiglycan antibodies, most of which bound microbial carbohydrates. The majority of the antiglycan antibodies identified in the screen displayed selective binding for specific glycan motifs on our array and lacked polyreactivity. We found that antiglycan antibodies were about twice as likely than expected to originate from IgG<sup>+</sup> memory B cells, whereas none were isolated from naïve, early emigrant, or immature B cells. Therefore, our results indicate that certain B-cell subsets in our panel are enriched in antiglycan antibodies, and IgG<sup>+</sup> memory B cells may be a promising source of such antibodies. Furthermore, some of the newly identified antibodies bound glycans for which there are no reported monoclonal antibodies available, and these may be useful as research tools, diagnostics, or therapeutic agents. Overall, the results provide insight into the types and properties of antiglycan antibodies produced by the human immune system and a framework for the identification of novel antiglycan antibodies in the future.
Optimum caching strategies for a telco CDN (2011)

In order to cope with the rapidly increasing video traffic (both downloaded and streamed) resulting from Internet TV, a telecommunications company (telco) can deploy a network of caches, which sit closer to the user than the point-of-presence of a traditional content distribution network (CDN), like Akamai or Limelight Networks. This network of highly distributed caches, often referred to as a telco CDN, is a network enabler that saves a huge amount of traffic on the links toward the Internet by handling user requests locally without having to retrieve data from the origin server. Because for Internet TV the set of available content is huge and rapidly evolving, the choice of the caching algorithm and cache collaboration strategy can have a considerable impact on the reduction in traffic. The caching algorithm decides which objects to cache, and the cache collaboration strategy, at times in combination with preloading, determines how cacheable items are propagated throughout the telco CDN. In this paper we determine the best combination of a caching algorithm and a cache collaboration strategy for a telco CDN.
Family History of MI, Smoking, and Risk of Periodontal Disease (2018)

Periodontal disease (PD) shares common risk factors with cardiovascular disease. Our hypothesis was that having a family history of myocardial infarction (FamHxMI) may be a novel risk factor for PD. Risk assessment based on FamHxMI, conditional on smoking status, was examined given the strong influence of smoking on PD. Exploratory analysis with inflammatory biomarkers and genetic determinants was conducted to understand potential mechanistic links. The Women's Genome Health Study (WGHS) is a prospective cohort of US female health care professionals who provided blood samples at baseline in the Women's Health Study, a 2 × 2 factorial clinical trial investigating vitamin E and aspirin in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. PD was ascertained via self-report over 12 y of follow-up. Prevalence (3,442 cases), incidence (1,365 cases), and survival analysis of PD were investigated for associations of FamHxMI as well as in strata of FamHxMI by smoking. Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square tests, multivariate regression, and Cox proportional hazard models were used for the analyses. In the WGHS, women with FamHxMI showed higher risk of ever having PD. A particularly high-risk group of having both FamHxMI and smoking at baseline was highlighted in the prevalence and risk of developing PD. PD risk increased according to the following strata: no FamHxMI and nonsmokers (reference), FamHxMI and nonsmokers (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0 to 1.5), smokers without FamHxMI (HR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.5), and smokers with FamHxMI (HR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.8). An independent analysis by the dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study ( N = 5,552) identified more severe periodontitis cases among participants in the high-risk group (smokers with FamHxMI). Further examination of interactions among inflammatory biomarkers or genetic exploration with FamHxMI did not explain the risk increase of PD associated with FamHxMI in the WGHS. Future efforts based on an integrative-omics approach may facilitate validation of these findings and suggest a mechanistic link between PD and FamHxMI.
Advances in femtosecond pulse generation through the use of solid-state lasers (1993)

In the past two years, advances in all-solid-state laser technology have made possible the generation of ultrashort pulses of unprecedented duration directly from a laser. 1-5
P‐178: Synthesis of Reverse Intersystem Crossing Facilitating Host Material for High Efficiency in Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Organic Light‐emitting Diodes (2018)

In this study, we introduced a reverse intersystem crossing activating host material to obtain high efficiency in red thermally activated delayed fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes. The host material was composed of phenylcarbazole and pyridofuropyridine moieties. The 3‐(9‐phenyl‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yl)furo[2,3‐b:5,4‐b′]dipyridine (3PCz‐PFP) host material was synthesized by introducing pyridofuropyridine at 3‐ position of the 9‐phenylcarbazole. We were able to obtain a high external quantum efficiency of 24.0% by doping red‐emitting thermally activated delayed emitter in 3PCz‐PFP host material. This efficiency is one of the highest efficiencies in red thermally activated delayed fluorescent devices. The high quantum efficiency of the red thermally activated delayed fluorescent devices was achieved due to improved reverse intersystem crossing rate and ambipolar charge transport character of the host material.
Open or not open: Are conventional radio access networks more secure and trustworthy than Open-RAN? (2022)

The Open RAN architecture is a promising and future-oriented architecture. It is intended to open up the radio access network (RAN) and enable more innovation and competition in the market. This will lead to RANs for current 5G networks, but especially for future 6G networks, evolving from the current highly integrated, vendor-specific RAN architecture towards disaggregated architectures with open interfaces that will enable to better tailor RAN solutions to the requirements of 5G and 6G applications. However, the introduction of such an open architecture substantially broadens the attack possibilities when compared to conventional RANs. In the past, this has often led to negative headlines that in summary have associated Open RAN with faulty or inadequate security. In this paper, we analyze what components are involved in an Open RAN deployment, how to assess the current state of security, and what measures need to be taken to ensure secure operation.
Microfluidic-based mini-metagenomics enables discovery of novel microbial lineages from complex environmental samples (2017)

Abstract Metagenomics and single-cell genomics have enabled the discovery of many new genomes from previously unknown branches of life. However, extracting novel genomes from complex mixtures of metagenomic data can still be challenging and in many respects represents an ill-posed problem which is generally approached with ad hoc methods. Here we present a microfluidic-based mini-metagenomic method which offers a statistically rigorous approach to extract novel microbial genomes from complex samples. In addition, by generating 96 sub-samples from each environmental sample, this method maintains high throughput, reduces sample complexity, and preserves single-cell resolution. We used this approach to analyze two hot spring samples from Yellowstone National Park and extracted 29 new genomes larger than 0.5 Mbps. These genomes represent novel lineages at different taxonomic levels, including three deeply branching lineages. Functional analysis revealed that these organisms utilize diverse pathways for energy metabolism. The resolution of this mini-metagenomic method enabled accurate quantification of genome abundance, even for genomes less than 1% in relative abundance. Our analyses also revealed a wide range of genome level single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) distributions with nonsynonymous to synonymous ratio indicative of low to moderate environmental selection. The scale, resolution, and statistical power of microfluidic-based mini-metagenomic make it a powerful tool to dissect the genomic structure microbial communities while effectively preserving the fundamental unit of biology, the single cell.
The State-Federal Rehabilitation Program: Interface with Special Education (1989)

There are many differences between state and local special education programs and the state-federal vocational rehabilitation (VR) program. The differences are highlighted through discussion of the history of the state-federal VR program, differing definitions of individuals with disabilities (used in VR and special education), operation of the VR program, and funding differences and resultant differences in evaluation standards between VR and special education programs. Recommendations are made to effect productive interaction between special education and state-federal VR agencies.
41 EFFECT OF CELL TYPES AND PASSAGES ON DEVELOPMENT AND APOPTOSIS OF PORCINE CLONED EMBRYOS (2004)

The purpose of this study was to improve the efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in pigs by assessing the development, cell numbers and apoptosis when using different cell types as nuclear donors and different numbers of passages. Primary cultures of the donor cells, porcine fetal fibroblasts (pFFF) from a female fetus at ~30 days of gestation and adult female ear skin cells (pAESC), were established in DMEM + 15% FCS. For nuclear donor, cells at different passages were cultured for 5 days until confluent. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured and fertilized in vitro as controls by the following methods (2000 Theriogenology 54, 787–797). Following enucleation, oocytes were reconstructed by transfer of donor cells and fusion with two DC pulses (1.4 kV/cm, 50 µs) in 0.28 M mannitol containing 0.01 mM CaCl2 and MgCl2. Eggs were then cultured in NCSU23 + 1.9 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine for 3 h. SCNT and IVF embryos were cultured in NCSU23 for 54 h and subsequently in the same medium with 5.55 mM glucose for 90 h at 38.5°C in 5% CO2 in air. In Experiment 1, when the rates of development between IVF and SCNT embryos constituted with cells at 5–7 passages were compared, no significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) differences were observed in the cleavage rates. The rates of blastocyst formation were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher in IVF than in SCNT embryos with pFFF and pAESC (21% vs. 15% and 10%), but it did not differ between SCNT embryos. Total cell numbers in IVF blastocysts (35.4 ± 12) were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher than in SCNT blastocysts with pFFF and pAESC (28.4 ± 8 and 26.2 ± 10, respectively). The apoptosis signal by TUNEL was initiated at Day 3 in IVF and SCNT embryos. Apoptosis rates in SCNT blastocysts with pFFF and pAESC (13.1 ± 2.5 and 16.6 ± 4.3, respectively) were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher than in IVF embryos (3.6 ± 1.4). As the embryos developed, the rates of apoptosis were increased. On Day 6, the rates of apoptosis in IVF (4.8%) were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) lower than those in SCNT embryos with pFFF (13.1%) and pAESC (16.6%). However, both total cell number and apoptosis in SCNT embryos with pFFF and pAESC revealed no significant differences. In Experiment 2, SCNT embryos with pFFF in different cell passages were compared for the development and apoptosis. No significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) differences were observed in the cleavage rates of SCNT embryos among different cell passages. The rates of blastocyst formation were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher in SCNT embryos with 5–7 passages than those with other numbers of passages (14% vs. 6–8%, respectively). Although total cell numbers of SCNT blastocysts did not differ among different cell passages, apoptosis rates were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher when the number of cell passages was increased. These results suggest that fetal fibroblasts at 5–7 passages are ideal nuclear donor cells for obtaining high-quality porcine SCNT embryos. This work was supported by grant No. 1000520040020000 from Biogreen 21, Republic of Korea.
Bound Water at Protein-Protein Interfaces: Partners, Roles and Hydrophobic Bubbles as a Conserved Motif (2011)

The water molecules were found to be involved in: a) (bridging) interactions with both proteins (21%), b) favorable interactions with only one protein (53%), and c) no interactions with either protein (26%). This trend is shown to be independent of the crystallographic resolution. Interactions with residue backbones are consistent for all classes and account for 21.5% of all interactions. Interactions with polar residues are significantly more common for the first group and interactions with non-polar residues dominate the last group. Waters interacting with both proteins stabilize on average the proteins' interaction (-0.46 kcal mol(-1)), but the overall average contribution of a single water to the protein-protein interaction energy is unfavorable (+0.03 kcal mol(-1)). Analysis of the waters without favorable interactions with either protein suggests that this is a conserved phenomenon: 42% of these waters have SASA ≤ 10 Å(2) and are thus largely buried, and 69% of these are within predominantly hydrophobic environments or "hydrophobic bubbles". Such water molecules may have an important biological purpose in mediating protein-protein interactions.
Reductive cleavage of carbon monoxide by tetranuclear tungsten alkoxide clusters (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive cleavage of carbon monoxide by tetranuclear tungsten alkoxide clustersMalcolm H. Chisholm, Kirsten Folting, Mark J. Hampden-Smith, and Charles E. HammondCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 18, 7283–7285Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00200a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00200a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Herpetic Geometric Glossitis (1995)

Two immunocompromised patients with herpetic geometric glossitis, a clinically distinctive form of lingual herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 infection, are described. The significant features of herpetic geometric glossitis are summarized, the clinical differential diagnosis of this form of HSV infection is reviewed, and the possible pathogenesis of these lingual lesions is discussed. Both of our patients, as well as all previously described patients with this condition, had extremely painful cross-hatched, branched, and/or linear fissures on the dorsal aspect of the tongue. Symptoms promptly resolved within 1 to 2 days, and the fissures subsequently healed within 3 to 12 days after systemic acyclovir therapy was initiated. In contrast to tongue lesions of herpetic geometric glossitis, similar-appearing lingual lesions of other conditions are usually asymptomatic. The similar morphology of corneal dendrites in herpetic epithelial keratitis and linear fissures in herpetic geometric glossitis suggest the possibility that these HSV mucosal lesions may have a common pathogenesis.
Patient-Centric Privacy: Envisioning collaboration between payers, providers and patients with the patient at the core (2010)

Protection of personal healthcare information (PHI) has been as a significant hindrance to the acceptance, adoption and continued use of healthcare information technology (HIT). As nations and corporations encourage innovation in the healthcare sector for better outcomes for all its stakeholders, th
Effect of strain rate on elongation and serration behavior in Al-Mg alloy sheets. (1997)

Effect of strain rate and Mg content on elongation and serration behavior was studied in pure aluminum and Al–Mg alloy sheets with Mg content up to 6.5%. Elongation increased monotonously with strain rate in pure aluminum, but Mg–containing alloys showed a minimum elongation at a strain rate of about 1 s−1. The elongation decrease with strain rate in a strain rate range below the minimum was much sharper and the elongation increase in a range above the minimum was less abrupt in alloys with Mg content of 4~6% than in alloys with Mg content of 2~3%. Consequently, although the alloys with high Mg content showed higher elongation in ordinary static tensile testing, the alloys with low Mg content exhibited higher elongation in dynamic condition which was considered closer to press forming of automobile body panels. Serration amplitude in load-displacement curves decreased with increasing strain rate and decreasing Mg content. The low-Mg alloys exhibited no serration in dynamic condition at a strain rate of about 1 s−1, while the high-Mg alloys still showed serration to a certain extent. The observed phenomena were discussed based on dynamic strain aging, dynamic recovery, and temperature rise during the testing by adiabatic deformation.
Ink-and-ray (2014)

We present a new approach for generating global illumination renderings of hand-drawn characters using only a small set of simple annotations. Our system exploits the concept of bas-relief sculptures, making it possible to generate 3D proxies suitable for rendering without requiring side-views or extensive user input. We formulate an optimization process that automatically constructs approximate geometry sufficient to evoke the impression of a consistent 3D shape. The resulting renders provide the richer stylization capabilities of 3D global illumination while still retaining the 2D hand-drawn look-and-feel. We demonstrate our approach on a varied set of hand-drawn images and animations, showing that even in comparison to ground-truth renderings of full 3D objects, our bas-relief approximation is able to produce convincing global illumination effects, including self-shadowing, glossy reflections, and diffuse color bleeding.