gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entrapment and measurement of a biologically functionalized microbead with a microwell electrode (2009)

A chip with integrated electrophoretic and electrochemical systems was developed to manipulate either an individual microbead or a cell inside a microwell electrode (MWE) for electrochemical measurement. The optimal MWE geometry (30 microm diameter and 25 microm depth) was designed to accommodate the micro particles according to the simulated results. A chip device was sequentially built from a slide patterned with Pt electrodes, an adhesive tape defined with a flow channel (200 microm in width and 25 microm in height), and an indium tin oxide (ITO) cover. The MWE not only generated an active electrophoretic force to trap the particle but also provided a low flow velocity area (LFVA) to stabilize the trapped bead or cell in a continuous flow. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) theory was employed to explain the electrochemical behaviors of the MWE. An enhanced current was confirmed as the redox recycling effect on the conductive ITO cover. The catalytic reaction of an individual alkaline phosphatase coated microbead (ALP-bead) was electrochemically detected with the MWE after being trapped. The ALP on the trapped ALP-bead catalyzed the hydrolysis of p-aminophenylphosphate (PAPP) to p-aminophenol (PAP), and then a decaying amperogram (+0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl) due to a tiny PAP quantity around the MWE was observed.
Duodenopancreatic fistula accompanying Crohn's disease of the distal duodenum. (1989)

A 47-yr-old male with known Crohn's disease involving the third and fourth part of the duodenum and terminal ileum presented to hospital with nausea and vomiting due to duodenal obstruction. An upper gastrointestinal series revealed a clinically unsuspected fistula joining the duodenum and pancreatic duct. He subsequently underwent vagotomy and gastroenterostomy to bypass the obstructed segment of duodenum. The duodenopancreatic fistula was not disturbed. Post-operatively, his symptoms resolved, he gained 30 pounds of weight, and manifested no ill effect secondary to the fistula. A repeat upper gastrointestinal series 9 months postoperatively revealed the fistula to have closed, although marked duodenal narrowing remained.
Supplemental Figure S6 from Guidance Molecule SEMA3A Restricts Tumor Growth by Differentially Regulating the Proliferation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (2023)

&lt;p&gt;NP1 EXPRESSION IS INCREASED IN M2-MÏ†.&lt;/p&gt;
Alterations of respiratory systems in Aspergillus niger under the conditions of citric acid fermentation. (1987)

Under the conditions of citric acid fermentation, Aspergillus niger WU-2223L possessed at least two respiratory systems. One system was sensitive to cyanide (CN) and the other was sensitive to salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM). The respiration of mycelia was partially, inhibited by CN or SHAM, and was completely inhibited in the presence of both CN and SHAM. With culture time, the CN-seflsitivity of respiration decreased and the SHAM-sensitivity increased. The respiratory rate itself decreased suddenly at 4 days and thereafter remained at a low level. The SHAM-sensitive respiration was localized in the mitochondria. The alterations of respiration in the mitochondria were similar to those observed in mycelial cells.
Novel nitrogen-based organosulfur electrodes for advanced intermediate temperature batteries (1989)

Advanced secondary batteries operating at intermediate temperatures (100 to 200 C) have attracted considerable interest due to their inherent advantages (reduced corrosion and safety risks) over higher temperature systems. Current work in this laboratory has involved research on a class of intermediate temperature Na/beta double prime- alumina/RSSR batteries conceptually similar to Na/S cells, but operating within a temperature range of 100 to 150 C, and having an organosulfur rather than inorganic sulfur positive electrode. The organosulfur electrodes are based on the reversible, two electron eduction of organodisulfides to the corresponding thiolate anions, RSSR + 2 electrons yield 2RS(-), where R is an organic moiety. Among the advantages of such a generic redox couple for battery research is the ability to tailor the physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties of the RSSR molecule through choice of the organic moiety. The viscosity, liquidus range, dielectric constant, equivalent weight, and redox potential can in fact be verified in a largely predictable manner. The current work concerns the use of multiple nitrogen organosulfur molecules, chosen for application in Na/RSSR cells for their expected oxidizing character. In fact, a Na/RSSR cell containing one of these materials, the sodium salt of 5-mercapto 1-methyltetrazole, yielded the highest open circuit voltage obtained yet in the laboratory; 3.0 volts in the charged state and 2.6 volts at 100 percent discharge. Accordingly, the cycling behavior of a series of multiple nitrogen organodisulfides as well as polymeric organodisulfides are presented in this manuscript.
LOW-PRESSURE DISTILLATION OF A PORTION OF THE FUEL CARRIER SALT FROM THE MOLTEN SALT REACTOR EXPERIMENT. (1971)

An experiment to demonstrate the high-temperature low-pressure distillation of irradiated Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) fuel carrier salt has been successfullycompleted.A total of 12 liters of MSRE fuel carrier salt was distilled in 23 hr of trouble-free operation with stillpot temperatures in the range 900-980°C and condenser pres sures in the range 0.1-0.8torr.Eleven condensate samples were taken during the course of the run at intervals of approximately 90 min and were, subsequently analyzed for Li, Be, Zr, 13T Cs , 95 Zr , lW»Ce, lV TPm, ^Eu, 91y, 90 Sr> and Effective relative volatilities, with respect to LiF, for Be and Zr were in good agreement with >values measured previously in the laboratory.Effective rela tive volatilities for the slightly volatile materials lM Cej 9i Yj 90s r , and 8 9sr were found to be much higher than values measured in the laboratory.The high values are believed to be the result of conxamination from other MSRE salt samples, although concentration polarization may have also been a contributor.The effective relative vol atility for was found to be only 20#, or less, of the value measured in the laboratory; no explanation of this discrepancy is available.Although the effective relative volatilities for the lanthanides were found to be higher than anticipated, the values observed would still allow adequate recovery of 'LiF from waste salt streams by distillation.
Antitumoral activity of dipyrido [4,3-b] [3,4-f] indoles on L 1210 leukemia. (1980)

Newly synthesized dipyrido [4,3-b] [3,4-f] indole compounds have a structural similarity with the DNA intercalating agents ellipticines (pyrido-carbazoles). The procedure of synthesis of these compounds allows the addition of a lateral chain in position 1 of the nucleus. Comparison is made between different substitutions and the resulting cytotoxic and antitumoral effects. The most active compound of the serie (1-gamma-diethyl amino propyl amino)-5-methyl-dipyrido [4,3-b] [3,4-f] indole (called here BD40) protects mice against L1210 leukemia. At the non-toxic dose of 20 mg/kg, particularly, a single infection of this compound given one day after inoculation of 10(5) L1210 cells resulted in an increased life span of 69 per cent with one survivor at 60 days. A combination of cyclophosphamide and BD40 had a synergic effect on the life span of L1210 inoculated mice. The antitumoral action of these drugs may be linked to their intercalative action upon biding to DNA.
Intracellular pH in frog skin: effects of Na+, volume, and cAMP (1988)

Single skins were analyzed by 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy during alternate perfusion with control and experimental solutions. Intracellular (pHc) and extracellular (pHo) pH were monitored by measuring the spectral frequencies of intracellular Pi and external methylphosphonate, respectively. Base-line pHc was 7.20 +/- 0.02 (SE) when pHo was 6.99 +/- 0.02. A 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS)-inhibitable, HCO3--dependent alkaline shift in pHc can be elicited by replacing external Cl- by gluconate or sulfate. We now report that this effect is observed even in sodium-free media. The substitution of gluconate for external Cl- has also been reported to shrink cell volume. This shrinkage can be minimized by replacing Cl- with gluconate during perfusion with hypotonic, rather than isotonic, media. Conducted in this manner, the anionic substitution produces a much smaller alkaline shift in pHc. Replacement of external NaCl with N-methyl-D-glucamine chloride acidified the cells reversibly by 0.22 +/- 0.02. In the presence of the Na-H antiport blocker 5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride (MIA), restoration of external Na+ did not increase pHc. Separate addition of MIA acidified the cells by 0.18 +/- 0.03. Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) also alters pHc. Addition of 1 mM 8(4-chlorophenylthio)cAMP or 100 mU/ml vasopressin acidified the cells by 0.22 +/- 0.03 and by 0.14 +/- 0.04, respectively. The data suggest that frog skin regulates pHc by the parallel operation of Na-H and Na+-independent Cl-HCO3 antiports. Cell volume and cAMP may play regulating roles in this epithelium.
Model-based segmentation of abdominal aortic aneurysms in CTA images (2003)

Segmentation of thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysms is complicated by regions of low boundary contrast and by the presence of many neighboring structures in close proximity to the aneurysm wall. We present an automated method that is similar to the well known Active Shape Models (ASM), combining a three-dimensional shape model with a one-dimensional boundary appearance model. Our contribution is twofold: we developed a non-parametric appearance modeling scheme that effectively deals with a highly varying background, and we propose a way of generalizing models of curvilinear structures from small training sets. In contrast with the conventional ASM approach, the new appearance model trains on both true and false examples of boundary profiles. The probability that a given image profile belongs to the boundary is obtained using k nearest neighbor (kNN) probability density estimation. The performance of this scheme is compared to that of original ASMs, which minimize the Mahalanobis distance to the average true profile in the training set. The generalizability of the shape model is improved by modeling the objects axis deformation independent of its cross-sectional deformation. A leave-one-out experiment was performed on 23 datasets. Segmentation using the kNN appearance model significantly outperformed the original ASM scheme; average volume errors were 5.9% and 46% respectively.
Three Techniques for Micropatterning Liquid Crystalline Polymers (2007)

Liquid crystalline elastomers and polymers, which are able to undergo large, reversible deformations in response to an applied stimulus (including heat, pH, or electromagnetic radiation) could potentially be useful in a variety of microactuator devices. However, in order to compete with traditional silicon-based systems it is necessary to show that liquid crystalline polymers can be patterned with reduced dimensions without losing their functionality. In this article we investigate three different techniques which can be used to pattern liquid crystalline polymers on the micro- and nanoscale. These techniques are templating, photopatterning, and microtransfer printing. Advantages and disadvantages of each process are explored.
Internet Exchange BGP Route Server Operations (2016)

The popularity of Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) brings new
challenges to interconnecting networks. While bilateral External BGP
(EBGP) sessions between exchange participants were historically the
most common means of exchanging reachability information over an IXP,
the overhead associated with this interconnection method causes
serious operational and administrative scaling problems for IXP
participants. Multilateral interconnection using Internet route
servers can dramatically reduce the administrative and operational
overhead associated with connecting to IXPs; in some cases, route
servers are used by IXP participants as their preferred means of
exchanging routing information. This document describes operational
considerations for multilateral interconnections at IXPs.
Online Petitioning Through Data Exploration and What We Found There: A Dataset of Petitions from Avaaz.org (2018)

The Internet has become a fundamental resource for activism as it facilitates political mobilization at a global scale. Petition platforms are a clear example of how thousands of people around the world can contribute to social change. Avaaz.org, with a presence in over 200 countries, is one of the most popular of this type. However, little research has focused on this platform, probably due to a lack of available data. In this work we retrieved more than 350K petitions, standardized their field values, and added new information using language detection and named-entity recognition. To motivate future research with this unique repository of global protest, we present a first exploration of the dataset. In particular, we examine how social media campaigning is related to the success of petitions, as well as some geographic and linguistic findings about the worldwide community of Avaaz.org. We conclude with example research questions that could be addressed with our dataset.
Guide to XPS data analysis: Applying appropriate constraints to synthetic peaks in XPS peak fitting (2022)

Peak fitting of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data is the primary method for identifying and quantifying the chemical states of the atoms near the surface of a sample. Peak fitting is typically based on the minimization of a figure-of-merit, such as the residual standard deviation (RSD). Here, we show that optimal XPS peak fitting is obtained when the peak shape (the synthetic mathematical function that represents the chemical states of the material) best matches the physics and chemistry of the underlying data. However, because this ideal peak shape is often unknown, constraints on the components of a fit are usually necessary to obtain good fits to data. These constraints may include fixing the relative full width at half maxima (peak widths), area ratios, and/or the relative positions of fit components. As shown in multiple examples, while unconstrained, less-than-optimal peak shapes may produce lower RSDs, they often lead to incorrect results. Thus, the “suboptimal” results (somewhat higher RSDs) that are obtained when constraints are applied to less-than-perfect peak shapes are often preferable because they prevent a fit from yielding unphysical or unchemical results. XPS peak fitting is best performed when all the information available about a sample is used, including its expected chemical and physical composition, information from other XPS narrow and survey scans from the same material, and information from other analytical techniques.
Structure−Activity Studies for a Novel Series ofN-(Arylethyl)-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-N-methylamines Possessing Dual 5-HT Uptake Inhibiting and α2-Antagonistic Activities (1997)

In search of an alpha2-antagonist/5-HT uptake inhibitor as a potential new class of antidepressant with a more rapid onset of action, compound 3 was prepared and observed to possess high affinity for the alpha2-receptor (K(i) = 6.71 nM) and the 5-HT uptake site (20.6 nM). A series of tertiary amine analogs of 3 were synthesized and assayed for their affinity at both the alpha2-receptor and the 5-HT uptake site. The structure-activity relationship reveals that a variety of structural modifications to the arylethyl fragment are possible with retention of this dual activity. On the tetralin portion, 5-OMe substitution and the (R) stereochemistry at C-1 are optimal with alternate substitutions producing compounds retaining high affinity for the alpha2-receptor but lacking affinity for the 5-HT uptake site. Data for several rigidified 5-O-alkyl analogs suggests that the favored orientation of the oxygen lone pairs may be away from the 6-position of the tetralin.
Ultrasonic generator and detector using an optical mask having a grating for launching a plurality of spatially distributed, time varying strain pulses in a sample (2023)

A method and a system are disclosed for determining at least one characteristic of a sample that contains a substrate and at least one film disposed on or over a surface of the substrate. The method includes a first step of placing a mask over a free surface of the at least one film, where the mask has a top surface and a bottom surface that is placed adjacent to the free surface of the film. The bottom surface of the mask has formed therein or thereon a plurality of features for forming at least one grating. A next step directs optical pump pulses through the mask to the free surface of the film, where individual ones of the pump pulses are followed by at least one optical probe pulse. The pump pulses are spatially distributed by the grating for launching a plurality of spatially distributed, time varying strain pulses within the film, which cause a detectable change in optical constants of the film. A next step detects a reflected or a transmitted portion of the probe pulses, which are also spatially distributed by the grating. A next step measures a change in at least one characteristic of at least one of reflected or transmitted probe pulses due to the change in optical constants, and a further step determines the at least one characteristic of the sample from the measured change in the at least one characteristic of the probe pulses. An optical mask is also disclosed herein, and forms a part of these teachings.
Main group catalysis for H 2 purification based on liquid organic hydrogen carriers (2022)

Molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) is one of the most important energy carriers. In the midterm future, a huge amount of H<sub>2</sub> will be produced from a variety of hydrocarbon sources through conversion and removal of contaminants such as CO and CO<sub>2</sub>. However, bypassing these purification processes is desirable, given their energy consumption and environmental impact, which ultimately increases the cost of H<sub>2</sub>. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to separate H<sub>2</sub> from a gaseous mixture of H<sub>2</sub>/CO/CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> that can include an excess of CO and CO<sub>2</sub> relative to H<sub>2</sub> and simultaneously store it in N-heterocyclic compounds that act as liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), which can be applied to produce H<sub>2</sub> by subsequent dehydrogenation. Our results demonstrate that LOHCs can potentially be used for H<sub>2</sub> purification from CO- and CO<sub>2</sub>-rich crude H<sub>2</sub> in addition to their well-established use in H<sub>2</sub> storage.
The role of noise in sensory information transfer (1993)

We consider the interpretation of time series data from firing events in periodically stimulated sensory neurons. The neurons are represented as nonlinear switching elements embedded in a Gaussian noise background. The cooperative effects arising through the coupling of the noise to the modulation are examined, together with their possible implications in the features of Inter‐Spike‐Interval Histograms (ISIHs) that are ubiquitous in neurophysiological experimental data. Our approach provides the simplest possible interpretation of the ISIHs and has been found to reproduce the salient features of experimental ISIHs. One such comparison, between very recent data from experiments performed in St. Louis, on the mechanoreceptor in the tailfan of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii, and analog simulations on a simple nonlinear excitable neural model is presented to elucidate this point.
Reduction of Second-Order Temperature Dependence of Silica-Based Athermal AWG by Using Two Resin-Filled Grooves (2011)

We devise a novel design for an athermal silica-based arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) to reduce the residual second-order temperature dependence of conventional athermal AWGs with a silicone-filled groove. This athermal AWG has two grooves filled with silicone and polyolefin that compensate for the first- and second-order temperature dependence, respectively. The passband wavelength variation is successfully reduced from 80 to 16 pm in a -40°C ~ +80°C temperature range.
Clusterin facilitates stress-induced lipidation of LC3 and autophagosome biogenesis to enhance cancer cell survival (2014)

We define stress-induced adaptive survival pathways linking autophagy with the molecular chaperone clusterin (CLU) that function to promote anticancer treatment resistance. During treatment stress, CLU co-localizes with LC3 via an LIR-binding sequence within autophagosome membranes, functioning to facilitate LC3-Atg3 heterocomplex stability and LC3 lipidation, and thereby enhance autophagosome biogenesis and autophagy activation. Stress-induced autophagy is attenuated with CLU silencing in CLU(-/-) mice and human prostate cancer cells. CLU-enhanced cell survival occurs via autophagy-dependent pathways, and is reduced following autophagy inhibition. Combining CLU inhibition with anticancer treatments attenuates autophagy activation, increases apoptosis and reduces prostate cancer growth. This study defines a novel adaptor protein function for CLU under stress conditions, and highlights how co-targeting CLU and autophagy can amplify proteotoxic stress to delay cancer progression.
Modeling of photonic crystals and nanostructures (2003)

In this paper, we present a brief overview of the most common electromagnetic model used to analyze the properties and performance of photonic crystal structures, namely the plane wave method. This method is commonly used to determine the electromagnetic dispersion properties of a photonic crystal structure and thereby provides key insight into the nature of the band diagram, which ultimately reveals the presence of a band gap. Following the overview, we then apply this tool to estimate the effects of fabrication errors on the confinement properties of photonic crystal slab waveguides. As we show in this paper, fundamental issues related to a shift in the allowable states in a photonic crystal wave are show to be a source of significant propagation loss.
Expression of carcinoembryonic antigen in fresh human gastric cancer cells assessed by flow cytometry (1993)

The expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by tumor cells from freshly excised human gastric cancers was investigated using flow cytometry (FCM). Highly purified fresh human cancer cells were obtained from solid tumors in 20 patients and from malignant ascites in 6 patients. Thirteen of the 26 tumors were positive for CEA by FCM. CEA expression was more common in well-differentiated tumors than in poorly differentiated tumors. CEA expression was investigated by both FCM and immunohistochemistry in 9 patients, and the two methods agreed in 8 of them. However, quantitative evaluation of CEA expression could only be performed by FCM and not by immunohistochemical staining. FCM could analyze the expression of CEA not only on the cell membrane but also in the cytoplasm, by using gastric cancer cells with or without Triton X-100 treatment. Thus, this study showed that CEA expression can be determined and evaluated quantitatively by FCM.