gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aberrant SYK Kinase Signaling Is Essential for Tumorigenesis Induced by TSC2 Inactivation (2017)

Somatic or germline mutations in the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) tumor suppressor genes are associated closely with the pathogenesis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis, a rare and progressive neoplastic disease that predominantly affects women in their childbearing years. Serum levels of the lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGF-D are elevated significantly in lymphangioleiomyomatosis. However, there are gaps in knowledge regarding VEGF-D dysregulation and its cellular origin in lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Here, we show that increased expression and activation of the tyrosine kinase Syk in TSC2-deficient cells and pulmonary nodules from lymphangioleiomyomatosis patients contributes to tumor growth. Syk kinase inhibitors blocked Syk signaling and exhibited potent antiproliferative activities in TSC2-deficient cells and an immunodeficient mouse xenograft model of lymphangioleiomyomatosis. In TSC2-deficient cells, Syk signaling increased the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein MCP-1, which in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated the production of VEGF-D. In clinical isolates of PBMCs from lymphangioleiomyomatosis patients, VEGF-D expression was elevated. Furthermore, levels of VEGF-D and MCP-1 in patient sera correlated positively with each other. Our results illuminate the basis for lymphangioleiomyomatosis growth and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting Syk in this and other settings driven by TSC genetic mutation. <i>Cancer Res; 77(6); 1492-502. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Extraction, through filter-diagonalization, of general quantum eigenvalues or classical normal mode frequencies from a small number of residues or a short-time segment of a signal. I. Theory and application to a quantum-dynamics model (1995)

In a previous paper we developed a method, Filter-Diagonalization, for extracting eigenvalues and eigenstates of a given operator at any desired energy range. In essence, the method eliminates correlation between distant eigenstates through a short-time filter while correlations between closely lying states are eliminated by diagonalization. Here we extend Filter-Diagonalization. When used to extract eigenvalues for a given operator H, we show that all eigenvalue information is directly extracted from a short segment of the correlation function C(t)=(ψ(0)‖e−iHt‖ψ(0)), or alternately from a small number of residues (ψ(0)‖Rn(H)‖ψ(0)), where ψ(0) is a random initial function and Rn(H) is any desired polynomial expansion in H. The implications of this feature are twofold. First, in contrast to the previous version the wave packet needs only to be propagated once (to prepare C(t)), and eigenstates at all desired energy windows can then be extracted with negligible extra computation time (and negligible storage requirements). In a simulation presented here, accurate eigenvalues are extracted using propagation times which are only a 0.0041 fraction of the ‘‘natural’’ time, i.e., the time by which the relative phase of the two closest eigenstates reaches 2π. The second and more important feature is that the method is automatically suitable for extracting eigenvalues (or normal modes) using a short-time segment of any signal C(t) which is a sum of (unknown) Fourier components (C(t)=∑ndne−iεnt) regardless of its origin. In addition to its use for determining eigenvalues of known operators, the method may also be utilized to extract normal modes from classical-dynamics simulations, eigenstates from real-time Quantum Monte-Carlo studies, frequencies from experimental optical or electrical signals, or be utilized in any other circumstance where a correlation function or general signal is only known for short times (or expensive to generate at long times).
Leaky-Wave Antenna for a Military Vehicle-to-Satellite Link (2019)

In this paper, a CRLH (Composite Right and Left Handed) leaky-wave antenna is proposed for V2X communication. The unit cell is composed of series chip capacitors and via for metamaterial properties. Also, the ground length is varied to attach on the automobiles. The size of the unit cell is 20 × 40 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the EM Simulation was used to see the results.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Membered Ring Systems (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
RSV Strain 2-20 Induces More Severe Disease in BALB/c Mice than RSV Strain 3-12 (39.25) (2010)

Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the chief cause of bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in infants. Mucus production contributes to morbidity and mortality in RSV disease. The TH2 cytokine IL-13 is a mediator of mucus production. RSV strain differences can play a role in differential immunologic phenotypes. The pathogenesis of RSV clinical isolate strains was examined in BALB/c mice. RSV strain 2-20 induced significant weight loss, lung IL-13 levels, and bronchiolitis in BALB/c mice. In contrast, RSV 3-12 exhibited a less severe phenotype similar to the RSV A2 laboratory strain. Mucin expressing cells in the lungs of BALB/c mice infected with RSV A2, 2-20, or 3-12 were quantified with a digital scanning microscope. RSV 2-20 induced greater mucin expression than RSV 3-12 and RSV A2. T cell and IFN-γ-expressing T cells were enumerated by flow cytometry. RSV 2-20 infection resulted in fewer IFN-γ-expressing T cells and lower overall T cell numbers in the lungs of BALB/c mice compared to RSV 3-12 and RSV A2 infection. These data correlate the heighted virulence and mucogenicity of RSV 2-20 with a diminished T cell response. RSV strain differences have an impact on RSV immunopathogenesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular LEGO. Part 1. Substrate‐Directed Synthesis via Stereoregular Diels‐Alder Oligomerizations. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dynamic effects of carotid sinus baroreflex on ventriculoarterial coupling studied in anesthetized dogs. (1992)

We evaluated dynamic effects of the carotid sinus baroreflex on ventriculoarterial coupling. In seven anesthetized, vagotomized dogs, we bilaterally isolated carotid sinuses and randomly changed carotid sinus pressure while measuring aortic pressure, aortic flow, and left ventricular pressure. Estimating left ventricular end-systolic elastance (Ees) and effective arterial elastance (Ea) on a beat-to-beat basis, we determined transfer functions from the carotid sinus pressure to Ees (HEes) and from the carotid sinus pressure to Ea (HEa) over the frequency range spanning 0.002-0.25 Hz. Both HEes and HEa exhibited characteristics of a second-order low-pass filter. The gains of HEes and HEa were 0.085 +/- 0.065 (mean +/- SD) and 0.081 +/- 0.049 mm Hg/ml/mm Hg, respectively. There were no significant differences in natural frequencies (0.039 +/- 0.013 versus 0.039 +/- 0.007 Hz) or damping ratios (0.65 +/- 0.11 versus 0.64 +/- 0.24). The results indicated that the carotid sinus baroreflex dynamically altered Ees and Ea to the same extent in the process of stabilizing arterial pressure. Because the arterial system extracts maximal external work from a given heart when Ea equals Ees, the carotid sinus baroreflex appeared to be designed to regulate the ventricular and arterial properties to optimize the energy transmission from the left ventricle to the arterial system in anesthetized, vagotomized dogs.
Molekulare Grundlage der Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) -induzierten Apoptose: Aktivierung von Todesrezeptoren und Mitochondrien und Kooperation mit Wildtyp p53 (2015)

Hintergrund/Einleitung: Eine chronische HBV-Infektion zählt zu den Hauptursachen für das Hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC). In über 40% aller HCCs ist das Tumorsuppressorgen p53 mutiert. Unser Ziel ist es, die Interaktion von HBV und p53 und deren Einfluss auf das Apoptoseverhalten von Hepatozyten zu untersuchen.
Synthetic glucagon antagonists and partial agonists (1991)

This paper reports the synthesis and the biological activities of six new glucagon analogues. In these compounds N-terminal modifications of the glucagon sequence were made, in most cases combined with changes in the C-terminal region which had been shown previously to enhance receptor affinity. The design of these analogues was based on [Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon,1 a superagonist, which binds five times better than glucagon to the glucagon receptor, and on the potent glucagon antagonist [D-Phe4,Tyr5,Arg12]glucagon, which does not stimulate adenylate cyclase system even at very high concentrations. The N-terminal modifications involved substitution of His1 by the unnatural conformationally constrained residue, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid (Tip) and by desaminohistidine (dHis). In addition we prepared two analogues (6 and 7), in which we deleted the Phe6 residue, which was suggested to be part of a hydrophobic patch and involved in receptor binding. The following compounds were synthesized: [Tip1, Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon (2); [Tip1,D-Phe4,Tyr5,Arg12,Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon (3); [dHis1,D-Phe4,Tyr5,Arg12,Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon (4); [dHis1,Asp3,D-Phe4,Tyr5,Arg12,Lys17,18,Glu21+ ++]glucagon (5); des-Phe6-[Tip1,D-Phe4,Tyr5,Arg12,Glu21]glucagon (6); des-Phe6-[Asp3,D-Phe4,Tyr5,Arg12,Glu21]glucagon (7). The binding potencies of these new analogues relative to glucagon (= 100) are 3.2 (2), 2.9 (3), 10.0 (4), 1.0 (5), 8.5 (6), and 1.7 (7). Analogue 2 is a partial agonist (maximum stimulation of adenylate cyclase (AC) approximately 15% and a potency 8.9% that of glucagon, while the remaining compounds 3-7 are antagonists unable to activate the AC system even at concentrations as high as 10(-5) M. In addition, in competition experiments, analogues 3-7 caused a right-shift of the glucagon stimulated adenylate cyclase dose-response curve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phase‐Engineered Type‐II Multimetal–Selenide Heterostructures toward Low‐Power Consumption, Flexible, Transparent, and Wide‐Spectrum Photoresponse Photodetectors (2018)

Phase-engineered type-II metal-selenide heterostructures are demonstrated by directly selenizing indium-tin oxide to form multimetal selenides in a single step. The utilization of a plasma system to assist the selenization facilitates a low-temperature process, which results in large-area films with high uniformity. Compared to single-metal-selenide-based photodetectors, the multimetal-selenide photodetectors exhibit obviously improved performance, which can be attributed to the Schottky contact at the interface for tuning the carrier transport, as well as the type-II heterostructure that is beneficial for the separation of the electron-hole pairs. The multimetal-selenide photodetectors exhibit a response to light over a broad spectrum from UV to visible light with a high responsivity of 0.8 A W<sup>-1</sup> and an on/off current ratio of up to 10<sup>2</sup> . Interestingly, all-transparent photodetectors are successfully produced in this work. Moreover, the possibility of fabricating devices on flexible substrates is also demonstrated with sustainable performance, high strain tolerance, and high durability during bending tests.
Supplementary Figure S1 from A Dendritic Cell Vaccine Pulsed with Autologous Hypochlorous Acid-Oxidized Ovarian Cancer Lysate Primes Effective Broad Antitumor Immunity: From Bench to Bedside (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1 - PDF file 81K, DCs pulsed with HOCl-L efficiently tumor-specific CD4+ and SIINFEKL-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in mice. A, representative dotplots showing the % of SIINFEKL-pentamer specific CD8+ T-cells (gated) in the spleens of mice following DC-lysate vaccinations. B, the % of CD3+CD4+ IFN-gamma secreting T-cells in response to live ID8-ova tumor cells was quantified in spleens 2 weeks after the 3rd vaccine. Data was the mean of 3 independent experiments with 5 mice in each experiment&lt;/p&gt;
Pathophysiology and treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes exhibiting failure to oral drugs (2007)

It is generally accepted that a poor glycaemic control increases the risk for development of vascular complications in diabetic patients. This advocates for early introduction of insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes exhibiting a secondary failure to oral treatment. This strategy is facilitated by introduction of long-acting insulin glargine and biphasic insulin aspart 70/30. The introduction of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in treatment of type 2 diabetes will however, to a large extent, influence therapeutic policy. Thus we suggest that DPP-4 inhibitors or long-acting GLP-1 mimetics will be used as either first-line therapy or as an early addition to metformin. The already generated results in animal and clinical studies suggest that these two classes of antidiabetic drugs may in addition to improving glycaemic control protect islet beta-cell mass and thereby postpone development of a secondary failure. When patients treated with metformin, sulfonylurea (SU), tiazolidinediones or a combination of these drugs fail, the GLP-1 mimectics may be preferred to insulin treatment. First, the risk of hypoglycaemia is less if not combined with SU. Secondly, the body weight is usually decreased while insulin treatment increases weight. Patients not responding to GLP-1 mimetics or experiencing significant side effects will be treated with insulin. Irrespective of the policy used for the drug treatment of type 2 diabetes, exercise and proper diet will remain important for optimization of metabolic control.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Protonation and Reduction of β‐Sulfinyl Enamines. X‐Ray Molecular Structure of N‐Benzyl‐2‐(p‐tolylsulfinyl)propylamine ( IV). (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inflammatory Response After Laparoscopic Versus Open Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases (2015)

Laparoscopic and open liver resection have not been compared in randomized trials. The aim of the current study was to compare the inflammatory response after laparoscopic and open resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) in a randomized controlled trial.This was a predefined exploratory substudy within the Oslo CoMet-study. Forty-five patients with CLM were randomized to laparoscopic (n = 23) or open (n = 22) resection. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-plasma samples were collected preoperatively and at defined time points during and after surgery and snap frozen at -80 C. A total of 25 markers were examined using luminex and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques: high-mobility box group 1(HMGB-1), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), cytokines, and terminal C5b-9 complement complex complement activation.Eight inflammatory markers increased significantly from baseline: HMGB-1, cfDNA, interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein, macrophage inflammatory protein -1β, monocyte chemotactic protein -1, IL-10, and terminal C5b-9 complement complex. Peak levels were reached at the end of or shortly after surgery. Five markers, HMGB-1, cfDNA, IL-6, C-reactive protein, and macrophage inflammatory protein -1β, showed significantly higher levels in the open surgery group compared with the laparoscopic surgery group.Laparoscopic resection of CLM reduced the inflammatory response compared with open resection. The lower level of HMGB-1 is interesting because of the known association with oncogenesis.
Antioxidant and anti-aging potential of a peptide formulation (Gal2–Pep) conjugated with gallic acid (2021)

Skin is highly vulnerable to premature aging due to external stress, therefore, in this study, a peptide formulation, (galloyl)<sub>2</sub>-KTPPTTP (Gal<sub>2</sub>-Pep) was synthesized by combining TPPTTP peptide, and gallic acid (GA). All peptides were synthesized on 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), and analyzed on an electrospray ionization (ESI)/quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q-TOF) tandem mass spectroscopy (MS) system. Initially, Gal<sub>2</sub>-Pep showed no toxicity below the concentration 100 μM with cell survival rate of 88% for keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity of Gal<sub>2</sub>-Pep was more stable compared to GA alone; and after four weeks at room temperature, its ROS scavenging activity remained higher than 50%. Moreover, the peptide formulation, Gal<sub>2</sub>-Pep also exhibited elastase inhibitory effect in CCD-1064Sk fibroblast cells. Based on the results of RT-qPCR, it was proved in this study that Gal<sub>2</sub>-Pep increased the expression of PGC-1α to prevent oxidative stress, and validated its potential as an anti-aging agent through increasing the expression of type I collagen and by decreasing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1). The findings obtained reinforce the suggestion that the peptide formulation synthesized in this study could be used as a natural antioxidant and anti-aging agent for its cosmetic applications.
Harmonic Suppression Technique of Magnetic Field Coupling Type Wireless Power Transmission System Using ATAC Circuit (2018)

The magnetic field coupling type wireless power transmission system is a revolutionary wireless power transmission method that can secure a transmission distance of about several meters while having efficiency of up to 90% and three dimensional movement freedom. However, it is required to strictly match the resonance frequency of the transceiver. For example, in power transmission using a resonance circuit with Q = 500, it is necessary to adjust the resonance frequency of the transmitter and receiver within 0.1% accuracy. Furthermore, in order to improve efficiency and simplify the power supply, the power supply can be composed of a class D amplifier, but there some harmonics include the transmission magnetic field due to rectangular signal generation by the switch control; then harmonics may affect radio equipment. In this paper, we propose a harmonic suppression method to suppress harmonic generated in magnetic field, employing Automatic Tuning Assist Circuit (ATAC) that enables to set resonance frequency automatically without using high Q resonance circuit.
Enhanced optical nonlinearities in the near-infrared using III-nitride heterostructures coupled to metamaterials (2015)

We use planar metamaterial resonators to enhance by more than two orders of magnitude the near infrared second harmonic generation obtained from intersubband transitions in III-Nitride heterostructures. The improvement arises from two factors: employing an asymmetric double quantum well design and aligning the resonators' cross-polarized resonances with the intersubband transition energies. The resulting nonlinear metamaterial operates at wavelengths where single photon detection is available, and represents a different class of sources for quantum photonics related phenomena.
Role of ITGAE in the development of autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice (2014)

There is compelling evidence that autoreactive CD8(+)T cells play a central role in precipitating the development of autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Given that ITGAE (CD103) recognizes an islet-restricted ligand (E-cadherin), we postulated that its expression is required for initiation of disease. We herein use a mouse model of autoimmune diabetes (NOD/ShiLt mice) to test this hypothesis. We demonstrate that ITGAE is expressed by a discrete subset of CD8(+)T cells that infiltrate pancreatic islets before the development of diabetes. Moreover, we demonstrate that development of diabetes in Itgae-deficient NOD mice is significantly delayed at early but not late time points, indicating that ITGAE is preferentially involved in early diabetes development. To rule out a potential contribution by closely linked loci to this delay, we treated WT NOD mice beginning at 2 weeks of age through 5 weeks of age with a depleting anti-ITGAE mAb and found a decreased incidence of diabetes following anti-ITGAE mAb treatment compared with mice that received isotype control mAbs or non-depleting mAbs to ITGAE. Moreover, a histological examination of the pancreas of treated mice revealed that NOD mice treated with a depleting mAb were resistant to immune destruction. These results indicate that ITGAE(+) cells play a key role in the development of autoimmune diabetes and are consistent with the hypothesis that ITGAE(+)CD8(+)T effectors initiate the disease process.
Valuing GM technologies using real options: the case of drought tolerant wheat in Australia (2018)

In this article we seek to estimate the value of a partially-developed crop technology from the perspective of the firm developing the technology. Firms need this value estimation to decide whether their technology will earn a sufficient return in the market to justify investing in it. However, determining the (ex-ante) value of the technology before it is commercialised is challenging as the technology is not yet in the market and hence the demand function has not yet been defined. An alternative valuation method is required. We use risk premiums, Monte Carlo simulation and real options analysis and we demonstrate this combination of valuation tools on wheat that is currently being developed in Australia to be drought tolerant. The results indicate that this drought tolerant wheat variety is likely to be adopted by farmers in most regions and has a pre-commercialisation value that justifies continued investment in its development. We also identified South Australia as a region in which the new variety would not be sufficiently valuable to farmers to see them adopt it and we consider possible explanations for this outcome.
Unravelling Malaria Antigen Binding to Antibody‐Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates (2016)

Conjugates formed by antibody adsorption to gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have found extensive utilization in immunoassays due to the high surface area and interesting optical and electronic properties of the nanomaterials. Nevertheless, the mechanism of formation of antibody‐AuNP conjugates and their antigen binding characteristics have not been sufficiently explored in terms of specificity and consequent clinical applicability. Dynamic light scattering and related techniques have been successfully employed to detect antigen binding to antibody‐AuNP complexes. Here, a range of different techniques from the bionanotechnology realm have been applied to obtain a detailed picture of a competitive immunoassay for malaria antigen detection, based on fluorescence‐quenching by AuNPs. Both agarose gel electrophoresis and differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) analyses provide binding constants in the same order of magnitude, for antibody binding to AuNP and for antigen binding to antibody‐AuNP conjugates. Both techniques are also able to reveal inhibition of antigen binding in the presence of a major blood plasma protein, transferrin (via competitive binding). DCS is further used to show inhibition of the binding of the antigen in the presence of human plasma, a realistic testing condition, of high relevance to the implementation of immunoassays at the clinical level.