gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast phosphazene‐promoted controlled anionic polymerization of styrenic monomers (2018)

ABSTRACT The anionic polymerization of styrenic monomers with phosphazene bases as promoters, utilizing “seeding” technique in a nonpolar solvent and at room temperature was studied. In all experiments, the phosphazene base ( t ‐BuP 4 , t ‐BuP 2 , and t ‐BuP 1 ) was added in an equimolar amount to the organolithium initiator after the formation of oligomers (2 min) by conventional anionic polymerization. When t ‐BuP 4 was used, the polymerization of styrene and 4‐methylstyrene was extremely fast (100 % conversion within 5 min) and the final homopolymers exhibited narrow molecular weight distribution and controlled molecular characteristics. Likewise, when weaker bases were employed, the polymerization was also controlled but showing slower reaction rate. To examine the “livingness” of this system, block copolymers were synthesized by sequential monomer addition. Further studies were conducted in order to extend this novel method to the anionic polymerization of dienes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019 , 57 , 456–464
Noncontact semiconductor wafer characterization with the terahertz Hall effect (1997)

We demonstrate noncontact measurements of the Hall mobility of doped semiconductor wafers with roughly 250 μm spatial resolution, using polarization rotation of focused beams of terahertz (THz) radiation in the presence of a static magnetic field. Quantitative and independent images of both carrier density and mobility of a doped semiconductor wafer have been obtained.
Phase equilibria and clustering in size-asymmetric primitive model electrolytes (2001)

The low-temperature phase coexistence of size-asymmetric primitive model electrolyte solutions has been investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations. A multidimensional parallel tempering method is employed and results are analyzed by means of histogram reweighting. Coexistence curves and critical constants are determined as a function of size asymmetry, λ=σ+/σ−, from 0.05 to 1. It is found that the critical temperature and the critical density decrease as λ decreases. These trends appear to contradict available integral-equation theoretical predictions. For highly asymmetric systems, we report the formation of large chain-like and ring-like structures. These clusters are much larger than those observed in symmetric electrolytes, and they are shown to give rise to considerable finite-size effects.
Assessment of Pseudarthrosis in Pedicle Screw Fusion (1996)

Twenty-five consecutive patients who had previously undergone lumbar fusion using stainless steel pedicle screw instrumentation and complained of persistent, severe pain were identified for prospective study. All patients had been scheduled for hardware removal and fusion inspection. Studies to rule out pseudarthrosis included plain radiography, flexion and extension radiography, computed tomography, and bone scintigraphy. Each preoperative radiographic study was then evaluated in a blinded fashion by a single independent radiologist and was determined to show fusion or pseudarthrosis. Each patient then underwent surgery, at which time the pedicle screw instrumentation was removed and the fusion was inspected. Using surgical inspection as absolute evidence of fusion or pseudarthrosis, statistical analysis was undertaken to evaluate the predictive value of the radiographic studies singly and in combination. No statistically significant correlation was found.
Simultaneous OTDM demultiplexing and detection using an electroabsorptioa modulator (2000)

A traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator is used to simultaneously demultiplex and electrically detect a single 10-Gb/s channel from a 20-Gb/s optical time-division multiplexed data stream while transmitting the other channel in an optically transparent manner. A bit-error-rate penalty of 0.5 dB and an error floor were observed for the dropped channel due to residual absorption of the other channel. Error-free operation was achieved for the transparent channel.
A planar parasitic array antenna for tunable radiation pattern (2009)

A planar cross-type parasitic patch array antenna has been successfully demonstrated to give tunable radiation patterns. Even with readily available commercial varactors, approximately 30 degrees of tunability is achieved. The simulated result is well matched to the measured result. If different varactors were used with an increased capacitance range then the antenna pattern could be tuned more, however more side lobes would also be introduced.
Aerial image measurement technique for fast evaluation of 193-nm lithography masks (2004)

The Aerial Image Measurement System (AIMS) for 193 nm lithography emulation has been brought into operation successfully worldwide. By adjustment of illumination type, numerical aperture and partial coherence to match the conditions in 193 nm steppers or scanners, AIMS can emulate for any type of reticles like binary, OPC and phase shift. AIMS allows a rapid prediction of wafer printability of critical features, like dense patterns or contacts, defects or repairs on the masks without the need to do real wafer prints using the cost intensive lithography equipment. Therefore, AIMS is a mask quality verification standard for high-end masks established in mask shops worldwide. With smaller nodes, where design rules are below 100 nm and low k1 factors are used in the lithography process, the increasing printability of even smaller defects on reticles is becoming a serious problem. The evaluation of defect printability using AIMS becomes a significant aid and cost-saving technique to be applied directly in the wafer fab. The overall measurement capability of the 193 nm AIMS system will be demonstrated by measurements at 193 nm wavelength on attenuated phase shift masks. Excellent illumination uniformity is crucial for quantitative analysis of AIMS measurements such as CD variation or defect printability. To reduce disturbing speckle formation of the highly coherent ArF excimer laser a new beam homogenizing technique which contains motionless parts only will be presented as well as illumination homogeneity results compared to the current solution using a spinning scattering disk. The latest results on illumination performance exceed the current results especially with respect to illumination uniformity over the field. The improved performance will enable improved measurement capability down to the 65 nm node. An outlook will be given for extension of 193 nm aerial imaging down to the 45 nm node emulating immersion scanners.
Studies on the deactivation and reactivation of spent hydroprocessing catalyst (1996)

A study is reported on the deactivation of hydroprocessing catalysts and their reactivation by the removal of coke and metal foulants. The literature on hydrotreating catalyst deactivation by coke and metals deposition, the environmental problems associated with spent catalyst disposal, and its reactivation/rejuvenation process were reviewed. Experimental studies on catalyst deactivation involved problem analysis in industrial hydroprocessing operations, through characterization of the spent catalyst, and laboratory coking studies. A comparison was made between the characteristics of spent catalysts from fixed bed and ebullating bed residue hydroprocessing reactor units and the catalyst deactivation pattern in both types of reactor systems was examined. In the laboratory the nature of initial coke deposited on the catalyst surface and its role on catalyst deactivation were studied. The influence of initial coke on catalyst surface area and porosity was significant. Both catalyst acidity and feedstock quality had a remarkable influence on the amount and the nature of the initial coke. The hydroenitrogenation function (HDN) of the catalyst was found to be deactivated more rapidly by the initial coke than the hydrodesulphurization function (HDS). In decoking experiments, special attention was paid to the initial conditions of coke combustion, since the early stages of contact between the coke on the spent catalyst surface and the oxygen are crucial in the decoking process. An increase in initial combustion temperature above 440oC and the oxygen content of the regeneration gas above 5% vanadium led to considerable sintering of the catalyst. At temperatures above 700oC there was a substantial loss of molybdenum from the catalyst, and phase transformations in the alumina support. The preferred leaching route (coked vs decoked form of spent catalyst) and a comparison of different reagents (i.e., oxalic acid and tartaric acid) and promoters (i.e., Hydrogen Peroxide and Ferric Nitrate) for better selectivity in removing the major foulant (vanadium), characterization and performance evaluation of the treated catalysts and modelling of the leaching process were addressed in spent catalyst rejuvenation studies. The surface area and pore volume increased substantially with increasing vanadium extraction from the spent catalyst; the HDS activity showed a parallel increase. The selectivity for leaching of vanadium deposits was better, and activity recovery was higher, for catalyst rejuvenated by metal leaching prior to decoking.
Functional nucleotide-binding domain in the F0F1-ATP synthase .alpha. subunit from the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1993)

The segment R165-T330 of the alpha subunit of Schizosaccharomyces pombe F1-ATPase, corresponding to a putative nucleotide-binding domain by comparison with related nucleotide-binding proteins, has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Produced as a nonsoluble material, it was purified in a nonnative form, using a rapid procedure that includes one reversed-phase chromatography step. Refolding of the domain, called DN alpha 19, was achieved quantitatively by using a high-dilution step and monitored by circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence. Once folded, DN alpha 19 was highly soluble and stable. It bound 1 mol/mol either of adenine or guanine di- or triphosphate nucleotide, with a Kd ranging from 2.3 to 5.4 microM, or of methylanthraniloyl derivatives of the same nucleotides, with a Kd ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 microM. Interesting, DN alpha 19 was able to hydrolyze nucleoside triphosphates at a low but significant rate. The distance between one tryptophan residue located in the nucleotide-binding site and the ribose-linked methylanthraniloyl group of di- or triphosphate nucleotides was estimated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer to be 13 or 11 A, respectively, suggesting that the tryptophan is close to the polyphosphate moiety of the nucleotide. This tryptophan residue was tentatively assigned to W190 by a hydrophobic cluster comparison with the H-ras p21 protein, suggesting that the putative loop of DN alpha 19 containing W190 could play a functional role in nucleotide binding.
Searching for Cyclazosin Analogues as α1B‐Adrenoceptor Antagonists (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Teil B: Anwendung: reale Fälle aus der Praxis (2020)

Veränderungen sind im Zuge der Digitalisierung an der Tagesordnung - doch tauchen dabei immer wieder Barrieren auf. Dies macht es den Verantwortlichen oft sehr schwer, den anstehenden Wandel im notwendigen Umfang und in einer angemessenen Zeit umzusetzen.
Fast and Accurate Architecture Exploration for High Performance and Low Energy VLIW Data-Path (2014)

A fast and accurate architecture exploration for high performance and low energy VLIW data-path is proposed. The main contribution is a method to find Pareto optimal FU structures, i.e., the optimal number of FUs and the best instruction assignment for each FU. The proposed architecture exploration method is based on GA and enables the effective exploration of vast solution space. Experimental results showed that proposed method was able to achieve fast and accurate architecture exploration. For most cases, the estimation error was less than 1%.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Altohyrtin C (Spongistatin 2). (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Membrane partition of fatty acids and inhibition of T cell function (1993)

Short-term exposure to elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFA) perturbs a variety of cellular functions. It is frequently observed that cis-unsaturated fatty acids (FA) mediate these perturbations while trans-unsaturated or saturated FA are relatively inert. This dichotomy has generally been ascribed to the differential effects of these FA on membrane structure, specifically, that cis but not saturated FA alter lipid acyl chain order. Direct support for this view, however, is lacking because membrane partition of FA has not been determined for the relevant FA and for the conditions of the functional studies. Previous measurements of membrane partition of natural long-chain FA have relied on the determination of the amount bound to the membrane rather than the aqueous-phase concentration of FA. Because [FFA] is low, however, the partition coefficient (Kp) is relatively insensitive to the membrane-bound concentration and, therefore, accurate determinations of Kp require direct [FFA] measurements. In this study FA partition between the aqueous phase and either lipid bilayer vesicles or cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was measured using a recently developed fluorescent indicator of FFA. This indicator is composed of recombinant intestinal fatty acid binding protein derivatized with acrylodan and is termed ADIFAB. Using ADIFAB, partition coefficients were determined for seven saturated and cis-unsaturated FA under conditions that parallel those in which cis FA have been shown to inhibit CTL signaling. In general, Kp values were approximately an order of magnitude greater than previous determinations and were found to be greater for the noninhibitory saturated FA than the inhibitory cis FA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Spinal Cord Injury and Bladder Recovery (1998)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Abstracts: Voiding Function and Dysfunction, and Female Urology1 Mar 1998Spinal Cord Injury and Bladder Recovery D.J. Weiss, G.W. Fried, M.B. Chancellor, G.J. Herbison, J.F. Ditunno, and W.E. Staas D.J. WeissD.J. Weiss More articles by this author , G.W. FriedG.W. Fried More articles by this author , M.B. ChancellorM.B. Chancellor More articles by this author , G.J. HerbisonG.J. Herbison More articles by this author , J.F. DitunnoJ.F. Ditunno More articles by this author , and W.E. StaasW.E. Staas More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63872-2AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Spinal Cord Injury and Bladder Recovery." The Journal of Urology, 159(3), p. 1114 Magee Rehabilitation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 159Issue 3March 1998Page: 1114 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information D.J. Weiss More articles by this author G.W. Fried More articles by this author M.B. Chancellor More articles by this author G.J. Herbison More articles by this author J.F. Ditunno More articles by this author W.E. Staas More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Synthesis of Diblocks Copolymers PCL-b-PLLA and Optimization of its Mechanical Characteristics (2009)

Biodegradable polymeric materials have a wide application in medicine, ecology and a number of other branches of industry. Overwhelming majority of such polymers is well exposed to the biodegradation, but they have mechanical properties which don't correspond to the requirements of application areas. As a rule, these materials possess low elasticity. In this work, optimization of mechanical properties of biodegradable polymers and the search of structure of block polymer on the basis of e-caprolactone and L-lactide with the maximal elasticity are considered. The purpose of the work is to receive the diblock polymer with mechanical properties as close as possible to elastomer for medical devices. The task is reached due to application of design of experiment with the subsequent optimization of the received results. Maximization of elongation at maximum load of received polymer is solved by the greatest possible reduction of crystallinity with a variation of molar weight of both part of diblock: polycaprolactone and polylactide. The absolute maximum of elongation at maximum load of synthesized diblock polymers is found. It is established that diblock with the following structure possesses the best mechanical properties in this class of polymers. Molar weight of the polycaprolactone block is 5000 Da while polylactide block is 7000 Da. Elongation at maximum load of this polymer was about 30%. In the second stage of our research, we try to improve the mechanical properties by making one block partly random (PCL-co-PLLA). Second block was made from homopolymer (PLLA). Maximum received elongation at break is 200%. First block of this polymer contains 25% of lactide, has molar weight of 10000 Da. Second block is the pure polylactide, with molar weight 10000 Da. All the experimental results and mathematical modeling pointing direction to maximum elongation could be achieved by multi-block structures.
What is the design challenge for on-chip speed-of-light communication? (2008)

As technology scales, on-chip interconnects become one of the most critical factors in determining the system performance and power consumption [1-3]. Since the wire resistance per unit length is inversely proportional to its cross section, the wire incurs high-signal attenuation as its cross section shrinks. Current practice views the wires as RC segments. Buffers are inserted between RC segments to boost a faster full voltage swing [4,5]. The inserted buffers regenerate the voltage level from buffer inputs instead of relaying the signals as waves. The full swing of RC segments requires high latency and consumes power.
Neural-GIF: Neural Generalized Implicit Functions for Animating People in Clothing (2021)

We present Neural Generalized Implicit Functions (Neural-GIF), to animate people in clothing as a function of the body pose. Given a sequence of scans of a subject in various poses, we learn to animate the character for new poses. Existing methods have relied on template-based representations of the human body (or clothing). However such models usually have fixed and limited resolutions, require difficult data pre-processing steps and cannot be used with complex clothing. We draw inspiration from template-based methods, which factorize motion into articulation and nonrigid deformation, but generalize this concept for implicit shape learning to obtain a more flexible model. We learn to map every point in the space to a canonical space, where a learned deformation field is applied to model non-rigid effects, before evaluating the signed distance field. Our formulation allows the learning of complex and non-rigid deformations of clothing and soft tissue, without computing a template registration as it is common with current approaches. Neural-GIF can be trained on raw 3D scans and reconstructs detailed complex surface geometry and deformations. Moreover, the model can generalize to new poses. We evaluate our method on a variety of characters from different public datasets in diverse clothing styles and show significant improvements over baseline methods, quantitatively and qualitatively. We also extend our model to multiple shape setting. To stimulate further research, we will make the model, code and data publicly available at [1].
Abstract 4644: Inhibition of the androgen receptor at two drug-targetable sites on the DNA-binding domain protein surface (2016)

Abstract The androgen receptor (AR) is a hormone inducible transcription factor that continues to be an important drug-target to prevent or slow the progression of prostate cancer. Current small molecule inhibitors, such as Enzalutamide (anti-androgens), compete with naturally occurring steroids that bind to the hormone binding pocket of the AR ligand binding domain (LBD). In advanced or castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), mutations in the LBD confer drug-resistance by converting anti-androgens into agonists, prompting research to develop small molecule inhibitors that target different sites on the AR protein surface. Recently, we characterized a set of small molecules that could interact with the DNA binding domain (DBD) of the AR and block its transcriptional activity. Here, we extend the pioneering observations by clarifying the mechanism of two classes of compounds that either block AR-chromatin interactions or reduce AR-dimerization in the cell nucleus. Compound efficacy is demonstrated across multiple prostate cancer cells lines, including enzalutamide resistant forms, with respect to AR transactivation, cell viability and expression of downstream genes. We also characterize the pharmacological properties of the lead compound and its effects on tumour xenografts in mice. Collectively, these results lay the foundation for the development of alternative prostate cancer drugs that interfere with the biochemical function of the activated, nuclear localized AR. Citation Format: Kush Dalal, Aishwariya Sharma, Mani Roshan-Moniri, Hendrik Borgmann, Nada Lallous, Shannon Awrey, Huifang Li, Fuqiang Ban, Eric LeBlanc, Artem Cherkasov, Paul S. Rennie. Inhibition of the androgen receptor at two drug-targetable sites on the DNA-binding domain protein surface. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4644.
Impact of Dietary Arachidonic Acid on Gut Microbiota Composition and Gut–Brain Axis in Male BALB/C Mice (2022)

Although arachidonic acid (ARA) is the precursor of the majority of eicosanoids, its influence as a food component on health is not well known. Therefore, we investigated its impact on the gut microbiota and gut-brain axis. Groups of male BALB/c mice were fed either a standard diet containing 5% lipids (Std-ARA) or 15%-lipid diets without ARA (HL-ARA) or with 1% ARA (HL + ARA) for 9 weeks. Fatty acid profiles of all three diets were the same. The HL-ARA diet favored the growth of <i>Bifidobacterium pseudolongum</i> contrary to the HL + ARA diet that favored the pro-inflammatory <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> genus in fecal microbiota. Dietary ARA intake induced 4- and 15-fold colic overexpression of the pro-inflammatory markers IL-1β and CD40, respectively, without affecting those of TNFα and adiponectin. In the brain, dietary ARA intake led to moderate overexpression of GFAP in the hippocampus and cortex. Both the hyperlipidic diets reduced IL-6 and IL-12 in the brain. For the first time, it was shown that dietary ARA altered the gut microbiota, led to low-grade colic inflammation, and induced astrogliosis in the brain. Further work is necessary to determine the involved mechanisms.