gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of a pneumococcal whole cell vaccine on influenza A-induced pneumococcal otitis media in infant mice (2019)

The pneumococcus remains a common cause of otitis media (OM) despite the widespread introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. In mice, a pneumococcal whole cell vaccine (WCV) induces serotype-independent protection against pneumococcal colonisation and invasive disease via TH17- and antibody-mediated immunity, respectively. We investigated the effect of WCV on influenza A-induced pneumococcal OM in an infant mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were immunised subcutaneously with a single dose of WCV or adjuvant at 6 days of age, infected with pneumococci (EF3030 [serotype 19F] or PMP1106 [16F]) at 12 days of age, and given influenza A virus (A/Udorn/72/307 [H3N2], IAV) at 18 days of age to induce pneumococcal OM. Pneumococcal density in middle ear and nasopharyngeal tissues was determined 6 and 12 days post-virus. Experiments were repeated in antibody (B6.μMT−/−)- and CD4+ T-cell-deficient mice to investigate the immune responses involved. A single dose of WCV did not prevent the development of pneumococcal OM, nor accelerate pneumococcal clearance compared with mice receiving adjuvant alone. However, WCV reduced the density of EF3030 in the middle ear at 6 days post-viral infection (p = 0.022), and the density of both isolates in the nasopharynx at 12 days post-viral infection (EF3030, p = 0.035; PMP1106, p = 0.011), compared with adjuvant alone. The reduction in density in the middle ear required antibodies and CD4+ T cells: WCV did not reduce EF3030 middle ear density in B6.μMT−/− mice (p = 0.35) nor in wild-type mice given anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody before and after IAV inoculation (p = 0.91); and WCV-immunised CD4+ T cell-deficient GK1.5 mice had higher levels of EF3030 in the middle ear than their adjuvant-immunised counterparts (p = 0.044). A single subcutaneous dose of WCV reduced pneumococcal density in the middle ears of co-infected mice in one of two strains tested, but did not prevent OM from occurring in this animal model.
Interchain and Intrachain Disulfide Bridges of a Human Immunoglobulin M: Detection of a Unique Fragment (1971)

Studies of the amino acid sequences around half-cystine residues in an immunoglobulin M have revealed an unexpectedly high number. At least 14 different sequences were found in the mu chain (V(HIII) subclass). Four of these were involved in interchain disulfide bridges and at least 10 in intrachain bridges. Five came from the kappa chain (kappa(III) subclass, Inv b). Several others, although having a high degree of homology, were not identical with those of either the mu or kappa chains. These results support the concept of an additional fragment in gammaM molecules, although its function and localization remain to be determined.
Resource-adaptive multimedia analysis on stream mining systems (2009)

Large-scale multimedia semantic concept detection requires realtime identification of a set of concepts in streaming video or large image datasets. The potentially high data volumes of multimedia content, and high complexity associated with individual concept detectors, have hindered the practical deployment of many current solutions. In this paper, we present a summary of our work in building systems and applications for resource adaptive semantic concept detection in multimedia using large-scale distributed stream mining systems. We construct such concept detection applications as a hierarchical topology of individual concept detectors, and deploy them on distributed processing infrastructure. We then focus on dynamically configuring individual concept detectors to meet system imposed resource constraints while minimizing a penalty defined in terms of the misclassification cost. We present multiple centralized and distributed algorithms for this configuration, and describe the implemented application and system. We also verify through simulations that significant improvement in terms of accuracy of classification can be achieved through our approach.
Driver Domains in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation (2014)

Persistent AF in early months is maintained predominantly by drivers clustered in a few regions, most of them being unstable reentries.
The effect of covering materials with an open wound in alveolar ridge augmentation using beta-tricalcium phosphate: an experimental study in the dog. (2013)

Application of Β-TCP grafts to alveolar bone defects with dehiscence and covering of the open wound with free buccal mucosa or collagen sponge may be useful for ridge augmentation. Compared to no treatment or leaving the wound uncovered, these approaches resulted in more new bone formation and provided adequate horizontal mandibular width.
<title>MultiGbit/s optical LAN utilizing a passive WDM star: toward an experimental prototype</title> (1993)

STARNET is an optical broadband local area network based on a physical passive star topology intended for backbone applications. Over a single physical network, STARNET offers all users both a moderate-speed packet switched subnetwork and a reconfigurable high- speed (up to 2.5 Gbps) Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) circuit switched subnetwork. Based on these two data transport facilities, several topological and protocol solutions are available to the users. As a result, STARNET supports traffic of widely different speed and continuity characteristics. This paper describes an ongoing experimental effort aimed at the realization of a STARNET prototype network at the Optical Communication Research Laboratory of Stanford University. The prototype nodes are FDDI data rate and format compatible in the packet switched subnetwork and currently use 8B/10B encoded data at a rate of 1.25 Gbps in the circuit switched subnetwork. The STARNET network serves high performance workstations running distributed multimedia applications, including video- conferencing. In this paper, the electronic hardware which interfaces the workstation to the STARNET optics is described. The moderate-speed interface uses an off-the-shelf FDDI-on- copper module to interface to the STARNET optics; a custom high-speed interface module provides fast packet switching (electronic) over the circuit switched (wavelength) subnetwork.
IT service management automation - A hybrid methodology to integrate and orchestrate collaborative human centric and automation centric workflows (2007)

People, processes, technology and information are the essential building blocks for creating a successful IT infrastructure in today's fast-paced, service-focused marketplace. ITIL which is recognized as the de facto standard for service management is a process based approach. ITIL focuses on a set of integrated processes which run the gamut from highly interactive and dynamic processes such as problem determination to highly repeatable processes such as patch deployment which are best handled in a fully automated, non-interactive fashion. The ability to support and integrate the full spectrum of interactivity for these processes with the appropriate level of automation is crucial for the service provider. Also key is the ability to identify opportunities to increase the level of automation as maturity and technology permit. In this paper, we propose a conceptual methodology for IT service management process automation that leverages the ontological relationships between process artifacts and resource artifacts to develop data aware processes for an effective automated approach to integrate both highly automated and human centric process models. The objective is to develop a systematic approach that addresses the needs of an IT organization in order that highly automated operational processes work in conjunction with collaborative human decision centric processes in order to effectively deliver IT services. In addition, we propose a complexity model to assist in identifying automation opportunities to satisfy the need for continuous efficiency and cost improvement.
Deterioration of partially stabilized zirconia (II) (1985)

In a partially stabilized zirconia ceramic (ZrO2-Y2O3 solid solution) sintered above 1600°C, a resistance to mechanical stress becomes small when it is kept at a certain low temperature, such as 200°C. The cause of the deterioration of the ceramic was found by bending strength measurement, SEM observation, x-ray analysis and thermal expansion measurement. The results are as follows:1) The remarkable deterioration of the ceramic occurs especially between 200°C and 300°C.2) The deterioration is due to the growth of cracks caused by the expansion of its volume, when a tetragonal phase which is metastable at room temperature transforms to a monoclinic phase.3) The transformation occurs most intensely at about 250°C and progresses from surface to inside of the ceramic.
A Formal Introduction to Business Artifacts with Guard-Stage-Milestone Lifecycles (2013)

A promising approach to managing business operations is based on business artifacts(a.k.a. business entities with lifecycles). These are key conceptual entities that are central to guid ing the operations of a business, and whose content changes as they move through those operations. An artifact type includes both an information modelthat captures, in either materialized or virtual form, all o f the business-relevant data about entities of that type, and a lifecycle model, that specifies the possible ways an entity of that type might progress through the business by responding to events and invoking services, including human activities. While most previous work on artifacts has focused on the use of lifecycle models based on variants of finite state machines, two recent papers have i ntroduced and studied the Guard-StageMilestone (GSM) meta-model for artifact lifecycles. GSM lifecycles are su bstantially more declarative than the finite state machine variants, and support hierarch y and parallelism within a single artifact instance. This report presents in detail the formal operational semantics of GSM. This report is intended to serve as the authoritative source on the semantics of GSM; implementation efforts such as the Barcelona prototype engine may use this document as a reference manual. The flow of activity, and interactions between artifact instances, are supported both throu gh testing of conditions against the artifact instances, and through events coming from an external environment or resulting from changes in artifact instances. The core of the operational semantics is based on the use of rules that are inspired by the Event-Condition-Action (ECA) rules paradigm. A key result here shows the equivalence of three different formulations of the GSM operational semantics. One formulation is based on incremental application
Seeding Method for Velocimetry and Visualization of Supersonic Retropropulsion Nozzle Plumes (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0915.vid In the current work, the “Venturi seeder” method for nozzle plumes is improved and studied to determine suitability for particle image velocimetry. This seeding method involves independently pressurizing the primary flow path and a separate seed liquid reservoir, connecting them at the throat of a Venturi contraction upstream of the nozzle. The pressure differential at the throat causes the liquid to enter the nozzle channel where it is atomized into particles by strong shearing forces. This new seeding system was characterized by conducting a series of diagnostics using different exit nozzle pressure ratios and seed reservoir pressures. Shadowgraph imaging confirmed the nozzle plumes to be underexpanded jets. A particle sizing device determined that generated DEHS oil particles had median aerodynamic diameters of 0.67, 0.69, and 0.73 μm for seed liquid reservoir pressure supplies of 0.67, 0.60, and 0.93 MPa and primary flow path pressures of 0.67, 0.76, and 0.93 MPa measured downstream of the Venturi throat, respectively. These diameters were within the threshold for acceptable response time in typical gas flows (≤ 1 μm). PIV experiments were conducted on the nozzle plume for all presented cases; mean axial and transverse velocities appeared as expected for the underexpanded jet structure, including the Mach disk and re-acceleration regions. Additional sizing analysis based on the particle response times across the normal shock again showed particle diameters to be well less than 1 μm for all cases. The results suggest that this method is an inexpensive and relatively simple solution to the problem of seeding nozzle plumes. The method will be used in testing of supersonic retropropulsion models in the Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel at The NASA Langley Research Center in 2022.
Scintillation properties of undoped CdS for ionizing radiation detectors (2015)

Abstract In the present study, nondoped CdS crystal with a size of 5 × 5 × 0.5 mm 3 was investigated on the optical and scintillation properties. The optical transmittance was 70% at wavelength longer than 500 nm, and the absorption edge was around 490 nm. The photoluminescence emission peak appeared around 490 nm under 340 nm excitation with 6.6 ns fast decay time. In X-ray induced radioluminescence spectrum over the temperature range of 7–300 K, it showed four emission bands around 490, 500–540 with several peaks, 600, and 750 nm. Temperature dependences of each emission band were different. The scintillation decay time was reproduced by two exponential decay components of 8 and 67 ns, and that for X-ray induced afterglow was approximately 0.1% at 20 ms after switching of the X-ray irradiation.
Purification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from Stools and Production of Specific Antibodies (2005)

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is clinically the most significant of the microsporidia in humans, causing chronic diarrhea wasting and cholangitis in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection and AIDS. Little progress on this infection has been made because of the inability to propagate E. bieneusi in vitro and in vivo, which limits the source of parasite spores to the stools of infected human patients. Given the size and shape of the E. bieneusi spores (1.1 to 1.6 by 0.7 to 1.0 microm) and the lack of specific immune reagents, the identification and purification of large quantities of spores from feces are technically challenging. Consequently, diagnosis relies entirely on PCR, a labor-intensive approach that requires highly skilled personnel. We describe a method for the purification of E. bieneusi spores from human stools and the production of rabbit-specific antisera. Spores were purified by a combination of isopycnic Percoll gradient centrifugation and continuous sucrose gradient centrifugation. Specific polyclonal antibodies raised in mice and rabbits reacted by indirect immunofluorescence with E. bieneusi but not with Encephalitozoon spp., Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or other forms present in human stools.
The 1.3 Å structure of copper nitrite reductase from thermophilic denitrifer (2011)

C787 not resemble any known structure. SsAPRTase is to our knowledge the fi rst archaean APRTase to be structurally characterized.
Dynamic Impact Testing of Wood Posts for the Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) Placed Adjacent to a 2H:1V Fill Slope (2010)

A stiffened version of the Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) with steel posts has been developed for use adjacent to 2H:1V roadside slopes. However, many members of the Midwest States Pooled Fund Program utilize wood posts. Therefore, it was requested to determine a wood post alternative to the steel posts utilized in the MGS adjacent to a 2H:1V slope. Dynamic impact testing was conducted on 6-in. x 8-in. (152-mm x 203-mm) wood posts and W6x9 (W152x13.4) steel posts with varying lengths and embedment depths when installed at the slope breakpoint of a 2H:1V slope. A total of seven bogie tests were performed - five tests on wood posts and two tests on steel posts. The posts were embedded in strong soil conforming to AASHTO Grade B for all tests. For each bogie test, acceleration data was used to determine the force vs. deflection and energy vs. deflection characteristics of the various post installations. Post-soil interaction forces and energy dissipation characteristics of the wood posts were compared to those for the steel posts used in the original design of the MGS adjacent to a 2H:1V slope. From these comparisons, a recommended post length was selected for the wood post alternative to the steel post in the MGS adjacent to a steep slope. A 7.5-ft (2.3- m) long, 6-in. x 8-in. (152-mm x 203-mm) wood post with a 58-in. (1,473-mm) embedment depth was found to provide the best possible performance and the closest correlation with the 9-ft (2.7-m) long, steel post. As such, this wood post was recommended as an alternative for the 9-ft (2.7-m) long, W6x9 (W152x13.4) steel post utilized in the MGS placed adjacent to a 2H:1V slope.
An overview of activities at the Laser Biomedical Research Center (1989)

Research projects on laser heating and ablation and on spectroscopy of biological tissues are described. The discussion focuses on studies regarding microscopic laser light scattering of biological cells and structures, ablation of calcific tissue using pulsed HF laser radiation, and fluorescence and its use in diagnosing atherosclerosis. A specifically designed multifiber laser catheter constructed to collect tissue fluorescence spectra using fiber optics is described.
<title>SWIR staring FPA performance at room temperature</title> (1996)

We report significant improvements in the performance of short wavelength infrared 128 X 128 focal plane arrays at room temperature. Using InGaAs and HgCdTe detector materials coupled to readout multiplexers having gate modulated detector interface, sensitivity that is near the theoretical detector-limited levels has been achieved via both low detector dark current and self-adjusting readout current gain. Extrapolating to nocturnal imaging conditions, the uncooled FPA-level sensitivities of 1.68 micrometers InGaAs and 1.86 micrometers HgCdTe arrays are shown to be within 35% and 80% of theoretical, respectively.
Point defects in Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe): Resonant X‐ray diffraction study of the low‐temperature order/disorder transition (2017)

The interest in Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTS) for photovoltaic applications is motivated by similarities to Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 while being comprised of non‐toxic and earth abundant elements. However, CZTS suffers from a V oc deficit, where the V oc is much lower than expected based on the band gap, which may be the result of a high concentration of point‐defects in the CZTS lattice. Recently, reports have observed a low‐temperature order/disorder transition by Raman and optical spectroscopies in CZTS films and is reported to describe the ordering of Cu and Zn atoms in the CZTS crystal structure. To directly determine the level of Cu/Zn ordering, we have used resonant‐XRD, a site, and element specific probe of long range order. We used CZTSe films annealed just below and quenched from just above the transition temperature; based on previous work, the Cu and Zn should be ordered and highly disordered, respectively. Our data show that there is some Cu/Zn ordering near the low temperature transition but significantly less than high chemical order expected from Raman. To understand both our resonant‐XRD results and the Raman results, we present a structural model that involves antiphase domain boundaries and accommodates the excess Zn within the CZTS lattice.
Angiogenesis therapies for cardiovascular disease (2003)

This article reviews many of the clinical trials utilizing proangiogenic therapy, assesses the pitfalls seen within the current trials, and discusses the conclusions drawn and the future of angiogenesis therapy.
Supplementary Figure 1 from NEDD9 Promotes Oncogenic Signaling in Mammary Tumor Development (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from NEDD9 Promotes Oncogenic Signaling in Mammary Tumor Development
Aurora A ligand complex (2018)

Loss-of-function mutations in the retinoblastoma gene <i>RB1</i> are common in several treatment-refractory cancers such as small-cell lung cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. To identify drugs synthetic lethal with <i>RB1</i> mutation (<i>RB1</i> <sup>mut</sup>), we tested 36 cell-cycle inhibitors using a cancer cell panel profiling approach optimized to discern cytotoxic from cytostatic effects. Inhibitors of the Aurora kinases AURKA and AURKB showed the strongest <i>RB1</i> association in this assay. LY3295668, an AURKA inhibitor with over 1,000-fold selectivity versus AURKB, is distinguished by minimal toxicity to bone marrow cells at concentrations active against <i>RB1</i> <sup>mut</sup> cancer cells and leads to durable regression of <i>RB1</i> <sup>mut</sup> tumor xenografts at exposures that are well tolerated in rodents. Genetic suppression screens identified enforcers of the spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC) as essential for LY3295668 cytotoxicity in RB1-deficient cancers and suggest a model in which a primed SAC creates a unique dependency on AURKA for mitotic exit and survival. SIGNIFICANCE: The identification of a synthetic lethal interaction between <i>RB1</i> and AURKA inhibition, and the discovery of a drug that can be dosed continuously to achieve uninterrupted inhibition of AURKA kinase activity without myelosuppression, suggest a new approach for the treatment of RB1-deficient malignancies, including patients progressing on CDK4/6 inhibitors.<i>See related commentary by Dick and Li, p. 169</i>.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 151</i>.
Effects of domain formation on the dielectric properties of ferroelectric thin films (2001)

Abstract A Landau-Ginsburg-Devonshire-type thermodynamic theory is used to describe dense laminar domain structures in epitaxial ferroelectric thin films grown on “tensile” substrates and to compute their small-signal dielectric responses. For PbTiO3 and BaTiO3 films, it is found that the ferroelectric phase transition results in the formation of a pseudo-tetragonal polydomain a 1/a 2/a 1/a 2 state. The stability range of the a 1/a 2/a 1/a 2 structure in the misfit strain-temperature phase diagram is determined. Effects of domain formation on the dielectric properties of ferroelectric films are analyzed by comparing permittivities of polydomain and single-domain films. Theoretical results are compared with the experimental data on (Ba1−xSrx)TiO3 films grown on platinum coated silicon substrates.
Reinforcement Learning Using Quantum Boltzmann Machines (2016)

We investigate whether quantum annealers with select chip layouts can outperform classical computers in reinforcement learning tasks. We associate a transverse field Ising spin Hamiltonian with a layout of qubits similar to that of a deep Boltzmann machine (DBM) and use simulated quantum annealing (SQA) to numerically simulate quantum sampling from this system. We design a reinforcement learning algorithm in which the set of visible nodes representing the states and actions of an optimal policy are the first and last layers of the deep network. In absence of a transverse field, our simulations show that DBMs are trained more effectively than restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) with the same number of nodes. We then develop a framework for training the network as a quantum Boltzmann machine (QBM) in the presence of a significant transverse field for reinforcement learning. This method also outperforms the reinforcement learning method that uses RBMs.