gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survivability risk analysis and cost comparison of SONET architectures (2003)

A methodology for evaluating network designs based on cost and on the results of survivability risk analysis (SRA), which quantifies the conditional survivability under hub failure, loss of traffic, and loss of connectivity of network designs, is presented. It is illustrated by a case study. Interoffice (IOF) and feeder hub-based and self-healing ring SONET architectures are considered. Each architecture is applied in turn to the same testbed network. The resulting network designs are compared in terms of the cost of purchasing and installing equipment and the results of the SRA. The set of admissible (acceptable) architectures for the IOF and feeder cases is identified, as well as when each of the admissible architectures should be used. >
Mesophase (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Acoustical Characterization of Gunshots (2007)

This paper addresses several practical and theoretical issues encountered in the analysis of gunshot audio recordings. Gunshot recordings have the potential for both tactical detection and forensic evaluation. Such recordings can provide information about speed and trajectory of the projectile, the estimated location of the shooter, and in some cases the type of firearm and ammunition used. However, audio recordings of gunshots typically contain background noise and reverberation due to the gunshot sound reflecting off and diffracting around nearby surfaces, and these effects may limit the reliability of the acoustic estimates. Recordings obtained under carefully controlled conditions are used to demonstrate several key features and limitations of acoustic gunshot analysis.
A Unified Approach to QoS-Guaranteed Scheduling for Channel-Adaptive Wireless Networks Terminals wirelessly-linked to an access point should be able to achieve near-optimal data rates, while maintaining required quality of service, by using simple scheduling algorithms. (2007)

Scheduling amounts to allocating optimally channel, rate and power resources to multiple connections with diverse quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. It consti- tutes a throughput-critical task at the medium access control layer of today's wireless networks that has been tackled by seemingly unrelated information-theoretic and protocol design approaches. Capitalizing on convex optimization and stochastic approximation tools, the present paper develops a unified framework for channel-aware QoS-guaranteed scheduling protocols for use in adaptive wireless networks whereby multiple terminals are linked through orthogonal fading channels to an access point, and transmissions are (opportu- nistically) adjusted to the intended channel. The unification encompasses downlink and uplink with time-division or frequency-division duplex operation; full and quantized chan- nel state information comprising a few bits communicated over a limited-rate feedback channel; different types of traffic (best effort, non-real-time, real-time); uniform and optimal power loading; off-line optimal scheduling schemes benchmarking fundamentally achievable rate limits; as well as on-line scheduling algorithms capable of dynamically learning the intended channel statistics and converging to the optimal benchmarks from any initial value. The take-home message offers an important cross-layer design guideline: judiciously developed, yet surprisingly simple, channel-adaptive, on-line schedulers can approach information-theoretic rate limits with QoS guarantees.
Automated Segmentation and Volume Measurement of Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Calcification at Noncontrast CT (2021)

The developed model was capable of automated segmentation and volume quantification of ICAC with accuracy comparable to human experts.<b>Keywords</b> CT, Neural Networks, Carotid Arteries, Calcifications/Calculi, Arteriosclerosis, Segmentation, Vision Application Domain, Stroke <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> © RSNA, 2021.
Improving the In Vivo Therapeutic Index of siRNA Polymer Conjugates through Increasing pH Responsiveness (2014)

Polymer based carriers that aid in endosomal escape have proven to be efficacious siRNA delivery agents in vitro and in vivo; however, most suffer from cytotoxicity due in part to a lack of selectivity for endosomal versus cell membrane lysis. For polymer based carriers to move beyond the laboratory and into the clinic, it is critical to find carriers that are not only efficacious, but also have margins that are clinically relevant. In this paper we report three distinct categories of polymer conjugates that improve the selectivity of endosomal membrane lysis by relying on the change in pH associated with endosomal trafficking, including incorporation of low pKa heterocycles, acid cleavable amino side chains, or carboxylic acid pH sensitive charge switches. Additionally, we determine the therapeutic index of our polymer conjugates in vivo and demonstrate that the incorporation of pH responsive elements dramatically expands the therapeutic index to 10-15, beyond that of the therapeutic index (less than 3), for polymer conjugates previously reported.
Novel small-size LTCC-based WLAN frontend-modules with integrated power ampliflers (2004)

This paper presents novel integrated solutions for Wireless-LAN (IEEE 802.11 a/b/g). Three different types of LTCC frontend modules were built for the 2.4 and 5 GHz bands and were fully characterized up to 18 GHz. The measured results demonstrate excellent performance. To the authors' knowledge, these modules are the highest-integrated/smallest-size WLAN frontend modules reported so far.
A Novel Color Former Organogel for Radiation Detection Systems (2009)

Abstract A novel leuco phenoxazine color former containing l-phenylalanine at the protecting group was prepared for radiation detection systems. It forms elongated self-assembled fibers in common organic solvents, leading to that efficient gelation. FE-SEM and FT-IR of the xerogel showed the color former formed a three-dimensional net-like structure. The color former organogel showed sufficient sensitivity to γ rays that it can be used for imaging in heavy particle radiotherapy and has good potential for three-dimensional radiation detection systems.
Development of an Asymmetric Acetate Aldol Reaction with a Trifluoromethyl Ketone (2007)

We describe the discovery and development of a chiral auxiliary-controlled asymmetric acetate aldol reaction with a trifluoromethyl ketone. Chiral acetate 3d was prepared efficiently from (1S,2R)-1-amino-2-indanol. Reaction of the lithium enolate of 3d with trifluoromethyl ketone 2 afforded aldol adducts in 95% HPLC assay yield (by weight) with a 78:22 dr. The major isomer 5 was obtained via a robust crystallization method in 45% one-crop isolated yield with a >98.7:1.3 dr. Compound 5 was subjected to transesterification to give β-hydroxy ester 1. The cleaved auxiliary 7 was readily recovered by a direct crystallization/filtration method. Process optimization led to better volume efficiencies, improved isolation protocols, and less consumption of organic solvents, all contributing to enhanced throughput, reduced processing labor and time, as well as reduction in chemical wastes.
Ultra-wideband T- and π -type ladder filters using a fundamental shear horizontal mode plate wave in a LiNbO 3 plate (2019)

Abstract A fundamental shear horizontal mode (SH 0 ) plate wave in a thin (0°, 115°–120°, 0°) LiNbO 3 plate has electromechanical coupling factor k 2 larger than 50%. In this study, ultra-wideband π -type and T-type ladder filters composed of three SH 0 plate wave resonators were fabricated and characterized. The interdigital transducer (IDT) pitch ( P ) ratio of IDTs in the parallel and series arm resonators (PR: IDT pitch of parallel arm resonator ( P parallel )/that of series arm resonator ( P series )) was experimentally investigated. The 3 dB bandwidth is as large as 33%–61%, depending on the IDT pitch ratio. The insertion loss and shape factor in terms of the IDT pitch ratio are also reported.
Simultaneous multiple synthesis and selective conjugation of cyclized peptides derived from a surface loop of a meningococcal class 1 outer membrane protein (1994)

Starting from the alpha-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl) ester of N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)aspartic acid [Fmoc-Asp-ODmb], side-chain-protected resin-bound Fmoc-peptides containing an N epsilon-1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)ethyl lysyl [Lys(Dde)] residue were prepared. The C-terminal dimethoxybenzyl esters of aspartic acid were removed with 1% trifluoroacetic acid and 10% anisole in dichloromethane, followed by Fmoc-cleavage in the usual manner. The resin-bound peptides were then cyclized using 1-benzotriazolyloxy-tris-[N-pyrrolidino]phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP) in the presence of N-methylmorpholine. The (dimethyldioxocyclohexylidene)ethyl groups of lysine were removed with 1% hydrazine hydrate in N,N-dimethylacetamide, and the liberated side-chain amino functions were modified by reaction with pentafluorophenyl S-acetylmercaptoacetate (SAMA-OPfp). Finally, the peptides were side-chain deprotected, with exception of the Lys(SAMA) residue, and cleaved from the solid support with trifluoroacetic acid/anisole/water, 95/2.5/2.5. Cyclic peptides comprising 7-14 amino acid residues were obtained employing this procedure. As a model conjugation, cyclo[Thr-Asn-Asn-Asn-Leu-Lys(SAMA)-Thr-Lys-Asp] was coupled with bromoacetamide. The same peptide was also coupled with a bromoacetylpeptide to give a well defined peptide/peptide conjugate. All peptides were conjugated to bromoacetylated tetanus toxoid for immunization purposes.
CD38 ligation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Bruton tyrosine kinase and enhanced expression of interleukin 5-receptor alpha chain: synergistic effects with interleukin 5. (1995)

Mouse CD38 has been implicated in the regulation of both B-cell proliferation and protection of B cells from irradiation-induced apoptosis. CD38 ligation on B cells by CS/2, an anti-mouse CD38 monoclonal antibody, induced proliferation, IgM secretion, and tyrosine phosphorylation of Bruton tyrosine kinase in B cells from wild-type mice. B cells from X chromosome-linked immunodeficient mice did not respond at all to anti-CD38 antibody, although CD38 expression on these B cells was comparable to that on wild-type B cells. We infer from these results that Bruton tyrosine kinase activation is involved in B-cell triggering after cross-linkage of CD38. Analysis of the synergistic effects of various cytokines with CD38 ligation on B-cell activation revealed that interleukin 5 (IL-5) showed the most potent effect on B-cell proliferation, Blimp1 gene expression, and IgM production. These synergistic effects were not seen with B cells from X chromosome-linked immunodeficient mice. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that CD38 ligation increased surface expression of the IL-5-receptor alpha chain on B cells. These data indicate that CD38 ligation increases IL-5 receptor alpha expression and synergizes with IL-5 to enhance Blimp1 expression and IgM synthesis.
Non-equilibrium quantum well populations and active region inhomogeneity in polar and nonpolar III-nitride light emitters (2012)

Strong disparity of electron and hole transport in III-nitride materials is commonly accepted as a main reason for inhomogeneous carrier injection in multiple-quantum well (MQW) active regions of light emitters operating in visible spectral range. In this work, we show that two more factors, specifically (i) excessive depth of III-nitride QWs and (ii) strongly non-equilibrium character of electron and hole populations in optically active QW, are responsible for the active region inhomogeneity in GaN-based light emitters. Modeling shows that electron and hole populations of deep III-nitride QWs are highly imbalanced and substantially deviate from thermodynamic equilibrium with corresponding mobile carrier subsystems in the device active region. In turn, large residual QW charges provide strong impact on the active region electrical uniformity and QW injection conditions. We demonstrate that, as a result of non-equilibrium effects in QW population, even nonpolar III-nitride light emitters with deep QWs suffer from inhomogeneous carrier injection, large QW residual charges, and overall electrical non-uniformity of MQW active regions.
Radioluminescence properties of Sm-doped fluorochlorozirconate glasses and glass-ceramics (2015)

Abstract We have investigated X-ray induced radioluminescence (XL) properties of Sm-doped fluorochlorozirconate (FCZ) glasses and glass-ceramics. The FCZ glass is a modified ZBLAN glass which shows a very high optical transmission over a wide spectral range. The glass matrix includes Sm 3+ -doped nanocrystals of BaCl 2 after heat-treatment at temperatures above 250 °C. The glass-ceramic emits red light under UV and X-ray exposure. Since conventional Si-based photodetectors, e.g., CCDs, have the highest quantum efficiency to red light in general, the Sm-doped FCZ glass-ceramic plate can be a good candidate as a scintillator material for indirect radiation detection. Moreover, a very broad emission is present in the glass-ceramic around 300–500 nm, which is attributed to a self-trapped exciton (STE) emissions. The temperature dependence of X-ray induced luminescence and photoluminescence are very similar. The XL light yield is linearly proportional to the X-ray exposure rate for rates higher than 20 mR/s. For low exposure rates, emissions by Sm 2+ are more sensitive than others, leading to a nonlinear response.
Relating auditory attributes of multichannel sound to preference and to physical parameters (2006)

Sound reproduced by multichannel systems is affected by many factors giving rise to various sensations, or auditory attributes. Relating specific attributes to overall preference and to physical measures of the sound field provides valuable information for a better understanding of the parameters playing a role in sound quality evaluation. Eight selected attributes are quantified by a panel of 39 listeners using paired-comparison judgments and probabilistic choice models, and related to overall preference. A multiple-regression model predicts preference well, and some similarities are observed within and between musical program materials, allowing for a careful generalization regarding the perception of spatial audio reproduction. Finally, a set of objective measures is derived from analysis of the sound field at the listening position in an attempt to predict the auditory attributes.
On energy management, load balancing and replication (2010)

In this paper we investigate some opportunities and challenges that arise in energy-aware computing in a cluster of servers running data-intensive workloads. We leverage the insight that servers in a cluster are often underutilized, which makes it attractive to consider powering down some servers and redistributing their load to others. Of course, powering down servers naively will render data stored only on powered down servers inaccessible. While data replication can be exploited to power down servers without losing access to data, unfortunately, care must be taken in the design of the replication and server power down schemes to avoid creating load imbalances on the remaining "live" servers. Accordingly, in this paper we study the interaction between energy management, load balancing, and replication strategies for data-intensive cluster computing. In particular, we show that Chained Declustering -- a replication strategy proposed more than 20 years ago -- can support very flexible energy management schemes.
Noise performance of multimode vertical cavitysurface emitting lasers (1994)

Shot noise in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers has been investigated using a large signal rate equation model. The results are in good agreement with experiment and show that optical saturation due to focusing effects limits the noise floor. Additionally, transverse mode interaction causes kinks in the L-I-curve, leading to increases in the low frequency RIN of up to 15 dB.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel ferrocenyl curcuminoid derivatives (2011)

With the purpose to improve the biological activities of curcumin, eight novel ferrocenyl curcuminoids were synthesized by covalent anchorage of three different ferrocenyl ligands. We evaluated their cytotoxicity on B16 melanoma cells and normal NIH 3T3 cells, their inhibition of tubulin polymerization and their effect on the morphology of endothelial cells. The presence of a ferrocenyl side chain was clearly shown to improve the biological activity of most of their corresponding organic curcuminoid analogues.
Development of InGaN-based red LED grown on (0001) polar surface (2014)

We report on the optical properties of the InGaN-based red LED grown on a c-plane sapphire substrate. Blue emission due to phase separation was successfully reduced in the red LED with an active layer consisting of 4-period InGaN multiple quantum wells embedding an AlGaN interlayer with the Al content of 90% on each quantum well. The light output power and external quantum efficiency at a dc current of 20 mA were 1.1 mW and 2.9% with the wavelength of 629 nm, respectively. This is the first demonstration of a nitride-based red LED with the light output power exceeding 1 mW at 20 mA.
Activation, aggregation and adhesion of platelets exposed to high intensity focused ultrasound (2002)

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is being considered as a noninvasive method to halt internal bleeding, thus we investigated the capability of HIFU to produce "acoustic primary hemostasis", including platelet activation, aggregation and adhesion to a collagen-coated surface. Various HIFU doses were applied to platelet rich plasma (PRP) with and without ultrasound contrast agents. Flow cytometry, laser aggregometry, environmental scanning electron microscopy and passive cavitation detection were used to quantify platelet activation, aggregation, adhesion and associated cavitation. HIFU can activate platelets and cause them to adhere to a collagen-coated surface. Cavitation was monitored during aggregation trials and was quantified to provide a relative measure of the amount of cavitation that occurred in each aggregation trial. Regression analysis shows weak correlation between aggregation and intensity, and a strong correlation between aggregation and cavitation occurrence.
Amplification Efficiency and Template Accessibility as Distinct Causes of Rain in Digital PCR: Monte Carlo Modeling and Experimental Validation (2022)

Partitions in digital PCR (dPCR) assays do not reach the detection threshold at the same time. This heterogeneity in amplification results in intermediate endpoint fluorescence values (i.e., rain) and misclassification of partitions, which has a major impact on the accuracy of nucleic acid quantification. Rain most often results from a reduced amplification efficiency or template inaccessibility; however, exactly how these contribute to rain has not been described. We developed and experimentally validated an analytical model that mechanistically explains the relationship between amplification efficiency, template accessibility, and rain. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that a reduced amplification efficiency leads to broader threshold cycle (<i>C</i><sub>t</sub>) distributions that can be fitted using a log-normal probability distribution. From the fit parameters, the amplification efficiency can be calculated. Template inaccessibility, on the other hand, leads to a different rain pattern, in which a distinct exponential tail in the <i>C</i><sub>t</sub> distribution can be observed. Using our model, it is possible to determine if the amplification efficiency, template accessibility, or another source is the main contributor of rain in dPCR assays. We envision that this model will facilitate and speed up dPCR assay optimization and provide an indication for the accuracy of the assay.
Supplementary Table S3 from Real-time Genomic Characterization of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer to Enable Precision Medicine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PancSeq protocol gene list for CLIA-certified somatic and germline analysis from whole exome sequencing data.&lt;/p&gt;
Bioengineering the Blood‐gas Barrier (2020)

The pulmonary blood-gas barrier represents a remarkable feat of engineering. It achieves the exquisite thinness needed for gas exchange by diffusion, the strength to withstand the stresses and strains of repetitive and changing ventilation, and the ability to actively maintain itself under varied demands. Understanding the design principles of this barrier is essential to understanding a variety of lung diseases, and to successfully regenerating or artificially recapitulating the barrier ex vivo. Many classical studies helped to elucidate the unique structure and morphology of the mammalian blood-gas barrier, and ongoing investigations have helped to refine these descriptions and to understand the biological aspects of blood-gas barrier function and regulation. This article reviews the key features of the blood-gas barrier that enable achievement of the necessary design criteria and describes the mechanical environment to which the barrier is exposed. It then focuses on the biological and mechanical components of the barrier that preserve integrity during homeostasis, but which may be compromised in certain pathophysiological states, leading to disease. Finally, this article summarizes recent key advances in efforts to engineer the blood-gas barrier ex vivo, using the platforms of lung-on-a-chip and tissue-engineered whole lungs. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:415-452, 2020.
Vertical transport through AlGaN barriers in heterostructures grown by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2017)

he results of vertical transport through AlGaN heterobarriers are presented for ammonia molecular beam epitaxy (NH3-MBE) on c-plane GaN on sapphire templates and on m-plane bulk GaN substrates, as well as by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on m-plane bulk GaN substrates. Experiments were performed to determine the role of the AlGaN alloy as an effective barrier to vertical transport, which is an essential component of both optoelectronic and power electronic devices. The alloy composition, thickness, and doping levels of the AlGaN layers, as well as substrate orientation, were systematically varied to examine their influence on electron transport. Atom probe tomography (APT) was used to directly determine the alloy composition at the atomic scale to reveal the presence of random alloy fluctuations which provides insight into the nature of the observed transport.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of anti‐ and syn‐Diol Epoxides of trans‐4,5‐Dihydro‐4,5‐dihydroxybenzo(j)fluoranthene and trans‐9,10‐Dihydro‐9,10‐dihydroxybenzo(j)fluoranthene. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.