gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon‐Based, Metal‐Free Catalysts for Metal–Air Batteries (2018)

Metal-air batteries have attracted significant attention as promising alternatives due to their notably high theoretical energy densities with respect to other rechargeable batteries. This chapter focuses on the recent development of carbon-based, metal-free air electrodes for metal-air batteries. Carbon nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, have emerged as attractive electrode materials for efficient energy conversion and storage. Graphene, a two-dimensional (2D) atomic-thick graphitic carbon sheet, has attracted a great deal of interest as an efficient electrode material for various energy conversion and storage devices. Heteroatomdoping of graphitic carbon structures has been demonstrated to tune electronic and other physicochemical properties, thereby providing more active sites for catalyzing/interacting with oxygen molecules. Na-air batteries are known to have lower theoretical specific energy densities as opposed to other metal-air batteries. Continued research and development efforts in this emerging field will eventually translate the metal-air technologies to commercial reality.
Dynamic Supramolecular Polymers Based on Benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamides: The Influence of Amide Connectivity on Aggregate Stability and Amplification of Chirality (2009)

N-Centred benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides (N-BTAs) composed of chiral and achiral alkyl substituents were synthesised and their solid-state behaviour and self-assembly in dilute alkane solutions were investigated. A combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarisation optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray diffraction revealed that the chiral N-BTA derivatives with branched 3,7-dimethyloctanoyl chains were liquid crystalline and the mesophase was assigned as Col(ho). In contrast, N-BTA derivatives with linear tetradecanoyl or octanoyl chains lacked a mesophase and were obtained as crystalline compounds. Variable-temperature infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of threefold, intermolecular hydrogen bonding between neighbouring molecules in the mesophase of the chiral N-BTAs. In the crystalline state at room temperature a more complicated packing between the molecules was observed. Ultraviolet and circular dichroism spectroscopy on dilute solutions of N-BTAs revealed a cooperative self-assembly behaviour of the N-BTA molecules into supramolecular polymers with preferred helicity when chiral alkyl chains were present. Both the sergeants-and-soldiers as well as the majority-rules principles were operative in stacks of N-BTAs. In fact, the self-assembly of N-BTAs resembles closely that of their carbonyl (C=O)-centred counterparts, with the exception that aggregation is weaker and amplification of chirality is less pronounced. The differences in the self-assembly of N- and C=O-BTAs were analysed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These reveal a substantially lower interaction energy between the monomeric units in the supramolecular polymers of N-BTAs. The lower interaction energy is due to the higher energy penalty for rotation around the Ph--NH bond compared to the Ph--CO bond and the diminished magnitude of dipole-dipole interactions. Finally, we observed that mixed stacks are formed in dilute solution when mixing N-BTAs and C=O BTAs.
Differentially-Private Mining of Moderately-Frequent High-Confidence Association Rules (2015)

Association rule mining allows discovering of patterns in large data repositories, and benefits diverse application domains such as healthcare, marketing, social studies, etc. However, mining datasets that contain data about individuals may cause significant privacy breaches, and disclose sensitive information about one's health status, political orientation or alternative lifestyle. Recent research addressed the privacy threats that arise when mining sensitive data, and several techniques allow data mining with differential privacy guarantees. However, existing methods only discover rules that have very large support, i.e., occur in a large fraction of the dataset transactions (typically, more than 50%). This is a serious limitation, as numerous high-quality rules do not reach such high frequencies (e.g., rules about rare diseases, or luxury merchandise).
An 8.3-to-18Gbps Reconfigurable SCA-Resistant/Dual-Core/Blind-Bulk AES Engine in Intel 4 CMOS (2022)

Power and electromagnetic (EM) side-channel attacks (SCA) exploit data-dependent power consumption from cryptographic engines to extract embedded secret keys. While series-connected voltage regulators [1], [2] and arithmetic countermeasures like heterogenous Galois-field arithmetic [3] provide acceptable levels of side-channel leakage suppression, they cannot defend against determined adversaries. Random additive masking [4] on the other hand, provides a provably-secure solution [5] that disrupts first-order correlations between measured power/EM signatures and secret keys, while incurring <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2\times$</tex> overhead in area and power consumption. In this paper, we demonstrate a reconfigurable AES accelerator fabricated in Intel 4 CMOS process with minimum-time-to-disclosure (MTD) <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$&gt; 1\text{B power}/\text{EM}$</tex> traces in on-demand SCA-resistant mode, while providing a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2.2\times$</tex> boost in encryption performance during a dual-core mode of operation (Fig. 34.4.1). When coupled with side-channel attack detection techniques [6], [7], this approach allows the user to operate at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$&gt; 2\times$</tex> AES throughput during the safe mode of operation in trusted environments, with the ability to quickly trade-off throughput for a higher level of SCA-resistance when the onset of an attack is detected. In the blind-bulk mode of operation, the accelerator randomly switches at a user-specified rate between SCA-resistant and dual-core modes while encrypting bulk data, providing <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1.14-\text{to}-1.6\times$</tex> boost in encryption throughput with measured MTD <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$&gt; 50\mathrm{M}$</tex> traces.
Towards FPGA Implementation of Neural Network-Based Nonlinearity Mitigation Equalizers in Coherent Optical Transmission Systems (2022)

For the first time, recurrent and feedforward neural network-based equalizers for nonlinearity compensation are implemented in an FPGA, with a level of complexity comparable to that of a dispersion equalizer. We demonstrate that the NN-based equalizers can outperform a 1 step-per-span DBP.
L-Acetylcarnitine in dysthymic disorder in elderly patients: a double-blind, multicenter, controlled randomized study vs. fluoxetine (2015)

Introduction. L-Acetylcarnitine (LAC), the acetyl ester of carnitine naturally present in the central nervous system and involved in several neural pathways, has been demonstrated to be active in various animal experimental models resembling some features of human depression. The aim of the study is to verify whether LAC can have an antidepressant action in a population of elderly patients with dysthymic disorder in comparison with a traditional antidepressant such as fluoxetine.Methods. Multicentric, double-blind, double-dummy, controlled, randomized study based on a observation period of 7 weeks. 80 patients with DSM-IV diagnosis of dysthymic disorder were enrolled in the study and subdivided into 2 groups. Group A patients received LAC plus placebo; group B patients received fluoxetine 20 mg/die plus placebo. Clinical assessment was performed through several psychometric scales at 6 different moments.Results. Group A patients showed a statistically significant improvement in the following scales: HAM-D, HAM-A, BDI and Touluse–Pieron Test. Comparison between the two groups, A and B, generally showed very similar clinical progression.Discussion. The results obtained with LAC and fluoxetine were equivalent. As the subjects in this study were of senile age, it is possible to hypothesize that the LAC positive effect on mood could be associated with improvement in subjective cognitive symptomatology. The difference in the latency time of clinical response (1 week of LAC treatment, compared with the 2 weeks' latency time with fluoxetine) suggests the existence of different mechanisms of action possibly in relation to the activation of rapid support processes of neuronal activity.
Supplemental Figures S1, S2, and S3 from Circulating Tumor DNA as an Early Indicator of Response to T-cell Transfer Immunotherapy in Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Fig. S1. castPCR{trade mark, serif} design, analytical sensitivity and specificity, and cfDNA measurements Fig. S2. Mutational analysis of tumor specimens from 93 NCI TIL patients Fig. S3. Cases excluded from pattern analysis&lt;/p&gt;
Permutation Coding Technique for Image Recognition Systems (2006)

A feature extractor and neural classifier for image recognition systems are proposed. The proposed feature extractor is based on the concept of random local descriptors (RLDs). It is followed by the encoder that is based on the permutation coding technique that allows to take into account not only detected features but also the position of each feature on the image and to make the recognition process invariant to small displacements. The combination of RLDs and permutation coding permits us to obtain a sufficiently general description of the image to be recognized. The code generated by the encoder is used as an input data for the neural classifier. Different types of images were used to test the proposed image recognition system. It was tested in the handwritten digit recognition problem, the face recognition problem, and the microobject shape recognition problem. The results of testing are very promising. The error rate for the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) database is 0.44% and for the Olivetti Research Laboratory (ORL) database it is 0.1%.
27.1GHz CMOS distributed voltage controlled oscillators with body bias for frequency tuning of 1.28GHz (2009)

The feasibility of using standard 0.18mum CMOS technology for low cost wideband monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) at ~27GHz is demonstrated. Three monolithically integrated distributed voltage controlled oscillators (DVCOs) with a novel gain cell comprising of n-FET common source with p-FET current-source load are designed. Two of the DVCO's have 3 stages of the gain cell while the third has 4 stages. Top Layer metal is used a coplanar waveguide for producing on-chip inductive elements. An important feature of these DVCOs is the use of body bias variation for very large frequency tuning. Simulation results indicate that the 4-stage DVCO achieves a tuning range of 22.43-23.42 GHz i.e 990 MHz whereas the 3-stage DVCO has a tuning range of 25.82-27.10 GHz i.e 1.28 GHz, with respectively ~0.5 dBm and ~1 dBm change in output power over tuning range for DVCOs. The best value of phase noise for 3-stage DVCO is obtained by applying reverse body bias on n-FETs. For a reverse body bias voltage of -1V, the phase noise is -97.39 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from 26.87 GHz.
The golden hour of polymyxin B hemoperfusion in endotoxic shock: The basis for sequential extracorporeal therapy in sepsis (2019)

Endotoxin is recognized as a major trigger of the immune response leading to pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine release, activation of the coagulation cascade, vasoplegic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. A beneficial effect could be achieved through extracorporeal adsorption of circulating endotoxins in the blood as adjunctive treatment for unresponsive endotoxic shock. However, the precise clinical indication for its initiation is widely debated in the literature. Similar to the source control, microbiological cultures and antibiotics administration, endotoxin activity assay evaluation at regular intervals, and the targeted use of PMX-B hemoperfusion could be lifesaving and adequate within the golden hour for the diagnosis and treatment of endotoxic shock.
Colloidal Crystal Films:  Advances in Universality and Perfection (2003)

For three-dimensional photonic crystals, made either by top-down microfabrication or by bottom-up self-assembly approaches, to comply with the stringent requirements of optical telecommunication applications, their degree of structural perfection and optical quality must meet an exceptionally high standard. Only with such superior quality photonic crystals can their unique optical properties be harnessed in optical devices and circuits constructed from micrometer-sized optical components. In this paper, we present a new strategy for making silica colloidal crystal films with a sufficiently high level of structural perfection and optical quality to make it competitive as a practical route to photonic crystal optical components. The attainment of this goal takes due cognizance of three key synergistic factors in the film formation process. The first recognizes the necessity to prepare high-quality silica spheres, which are highly monodisperse, with a polydispersity index significantly better than 2%, and the second recognizes that the population of spheres must be devoid of even the smallest fraction of substantially smaller or larger spheres or sphere doublets. The latter turns out to have a minimal effect on the polydispersity index, and yet a major detrimental effect on the overall structural order of the film. The third concerns the film-forming method itself, which necessitated the development of a novel process founded upon isothermal heating evaporation-induced self-assembly (IHEISA) of spheres on a planar substrate. This new method has several advantages over previously reported ones. It is able to deposit very high-quality silica colloidal crystal film rapidly over large areas, with a controlled thickness and without any restrictions on sphere sizes.
Patented TGR5 modulators: a review (2006 – present) (2012)

Activation of TGR5 showed to protect mice from diabesity and insulin resistance, to improve liver functions, as well as to attenuate the development of atherosclerosis. However, although the efficacy of TGR5 agonists in mice is encouraging, further studies are needed to determine their potential in humans and to evaluate carefully the balance between the therapeutic benefits and adverse effects associated with the target. The development of new TGR5 selective ligands to support studies in animal models will surely facilitate the understanding of the complexity of TGR5 signaling network.
Adaptation Plan Policy in Traffic Routing for Priority Vehicle (2020)

The self-adaptive systems have been proposed by researchers as one of the approaches to manage the complexity of the software. The traffic routing is an example of complex software which can be modeled as a multi-agent system. The traffic routing often raises several problems that require a solution to tackle the uncertainties. Road closure, failures in systems, and destination changes are a few illustrations for problems in traffic routing. In this paper, we present the problems occurred in traffic routing related to priority vehicle. We define the problem with a number of scenarios which express the uncertainties during the run-time. Then, we propose our adaptation plan policy to address the issues occurred during the experiments. We show that the approach has a guarantee that the priority vehicle satisfied its primary goals while maintaining the other objectives of its traffic routing mechanisms.
From Muridae to Homo: Patient-researcher engagement in the research translation continuum. (2018)

e23000 Background: Patient-researcher partnership, achieved through the BioCanRx-Cancer Stakeholder Learning Institute model, will ultimately improve trial design and implementation, and improve research in general. Methods: Inspired by a similar successful patient-researcher engagement initiative in the field of HIV, the BioCanRx-CSA Learning Institute brings cancer patients and researchers together at the annual Summit for Cancer Immunotherapy. Researchers are exposed to the realities of the cancer patient experience and patients are familiarized with research concepts in immuno-oncology. Results: Researchers and patients build partnerships and skills in knowledge exchange and translation, and nurture a growing culture in patient engagement in research. Conclusions: These patient-researcher partnerships will attract more participants to clinical trials and retain their interest longer. It helps trials better align with health care policies and navigate through government approval systems. It also builds capacity for scientific discourse and knowledge translation between patients and researchers that ultimately result in improved trial design. Learn why representatives from the immuno-oncology researcher and patient communities in Canada partnered with BioCanRx, a Canadian immuno-oncology research network, to develop and pilot the BioCanRx-Cancer Stakeholder Alliance Learning Institute.
Programming by Examples: Applications, Ambiguity Resolutions, Approach (2015)

99% of computer end users do not know programming, and struggle with repetitive tasks. Programming by Examples (PBE) can revolutionize this landscape by enabling users to synthesize intended programs from example based specifications. A key technical challenge in PBE is to search for programs that are consistent with the examples provided by the user. Our efficient search methodology is based on two key ideas: (i) Restriction of the search space to an appropriate domain-specific language that offers balanced expressivity and readability.  (ii) A divide-and-conquer based deductive search paradigm that inductively reduces the problem of synthesizing a program of a certain kind that satisfies a given specification into sub-problems that refer to sub-programs or sub-specifications. Another challenge in PBE is to resolve the ambiguity in the example based specification. We will discuss two complementary approaches: (a) machine learning based ranking techniques that can pick an intended program from among those that satisfy the specification, and (b) active-learning based user interaction models. The above concepts will be illustrated using FlashFill, FlashExtract, and FlashRelate—PBE technologies for data manipulation domains. These technologies, which have been released inside various Microsoft products, are useful for data scientists who spend 80% of their time wrangling with data. The Microsoft PROSE SDK allows easy construction of such technologies.
INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE CHANGES DURING VITRECTOMY USING CONSTELLATION VISION SYSTEM'S INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE CONTROL FEATURE (2016)

Using IOPc feature turned ON, 23- and 25-gauge probes were effective in reestablishing and sustaining baseline infusion pressures, although 23-gauge probes showed less IOP fluctuation than did 25-gauge probes.
Language Model Supervision for Handwriting Recognition Model Adaptation (2018)

Not all languages and domains of handwriting have large labeled datasets available for training handwriting recognition (HWR) models. One way to address this problem is to leverage high resource languages to help train models for low resource languages. In this work, we adapt HWR models trained on a source language to a target language that uses the same writing script. We do so using only labeled data in the source language, unlabeled data in the target language, and a language model in the target language. The language model is used to produce target transcriptions to allow regular example based training. Using this approach we demonstrate improved transferability among French, English, and Spanish languages using both historical and modern handwriting datasets.
Immune-related Adverse Events of Dendritic Cell Vaccination Correlate With Immunologic and Clinical Outcome in Stage III and IV Melanoma Patients (2016)

The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity profile of dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in stage III and IV melanoma patients, and to evaluate whether there is a correlation between side effects and immunologic and clinical outcome. This is a retrospective analysis of 82 stage III and 137 stage IV melanoma patients, vaccinated with monocyte-derived or naturally circulating autologous DCs loaded with tumor-associated antigens gp100 and tyrosinase. Median follow-up time was 54.3 months in stage III patients and 12.9 months in stage IV patients. Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 84% of patients; grade 3 toxicity was present in 3% of patients. Most common adverse events were flu-like symptoms (67%) and injection site reactions (50%), and both correlated with the presence of tetramer-positive CD8 T cells (both P<0.001). In stage III melanoma patients experiencing flu-like symptoms, median overall survival (OS) was not reached versus 32.3 months in patients without flu-like symptoms (P=0.009); median OS in patients with an injection site reaction was not reached versus 53.7 months in patients without an injection site reaction (P<0.05). In stage IV melanoma patients (primary uveal and mucosal melanomas excluded), median OS in patients with or without flu-like symptoms was 13.1 versus 8.9 months, respectively (P=0.03); median OS in patients with an injection site reaction was 15.7 months versus 9.8 months in patients without an injection site reaction (P=0.003). In conclusion, DC vaccination is safe and tolerable and the occurrence of the immune-related side effects, such as flu-like symptoms and injection site reactions, correlates with immunologic and clinical outcome.
Flattop mode shaping of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser using an external-cavity aspheric mirror (2004)

Both square-shaped and circular-shaped flattop modes were experimentally demonstrated in extended-cavity broad-area VCSELs using aspheric feedback mirrors. These refractive aspheric mirrors were fabricated by electron-beam lithography on curved substrates. Excellent single-mode operation and improved power extraction efficiency were observed. The three-mirror structure of the VCSEL and the state-of-the-art fabrication of the aspheric mirror contribute to the superior VCSEL performance. The modal loss analysis using a rigid three-mirror-cavity simulation method is discussed.
Instrumentation of standard libraries in object-oriented languages (2004)

Code instrumentation is widely used for a range of purposes that include profiling, debugging, visualization, logging, and distributed computing. Due to their special status within the language infrastructure, the <i>standard class libraries</i>, also known as <i>system classes</i> provided by most contemporary object-oriented languages are difficult and sometimes impossible to instrument. If instrumented, the use of their rewritten versions within the instrumentation code is usually unavoidable. However, this is equivalent to `instrumenting the instrumentation', and thus may lead to erroneous results. Consequently, most systems avoid rewriting system classes. We present a novel instrumentation strategy that alleviates the above problems by renaming the instrumented classes. The proposed approach does not require any modifications to the language, compiler or runtime. It allows system classes to be instrumented both statically and dynamically. In fact, this is the first technique that enables dynamic instrumentation of Java system classes without modification of any runtime components. We demonstrate our approach by implementing two instrumentation-based systems: a memory profiler and a distributed runtime for Java.