gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CELL TRANSFORMATION BY DIFFERENT FORMS OF POLYOMA VIRUS DNA (1964)

DNA extracted from purified polyoma virus contains closed and open molecules which are separable by velocity sedimentation either in the analytical or in the preparative ultracentrifuge. The closed configuration of the DNA gives rise to the fast band (component I) and the open configuration to a slow band, which is in some cases double (components II and III). Components I and II are able to produce plaques on mouse embryo monolayers, i.e., they possess cytocidal activity but which of the components cause cell transformation could not be determined owing to the lack of an adequate quantitative assay for transformation. A determination of the role of these DNA components in transformation is important, since it may clarify the mechanism of transformation. Such a determination is now made possible by the development of a sensitive quantitative assay for transformation caused by polyoma virus. This method is based on the ability of the transformed cells to form colonies in agar where the vast majority of the untransformed cells are unable to form colonies. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated that this method is also suitable for the study of the transforming ability of polyoma DNA.
Effect of morphology of electrodeposited Ni catalysts on the behavior of bubbles generated during the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline water electrolysis (2013)

We have investigated the release of active sites blocked by bubbles attached on the surface of catalysts during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline water electrolysis, via the modulation of the wetting properties of the four different morphologies of a nickel catalyst.
Panchromatic Response in Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Containing Phosphorescent Energy Relay Dyes (2009)

Running relay: Incorporating an energy-relay dye (ERD) into the hole transporter of a dye-sensitized solar cell increased power-conversion efficiency by 29 % by extending light harvesting into the blue region. In the operating mechanism (see picture), absorption of red photons by the sensitizer transfers an electron into TiO2 and a hole into the electrolyte. Blue photons absorbed by the ERD are transferred by FRET to the sensitizer. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tim-3 adaptor protein Bat3 is a molecular checkpoint of T cell terminal differentiation and exhaustion (2021)

T cell exhaustion has been associated with poor prognosis in persistent viral infection and cancer. Conversely, in the context of autoimmunity, T cell exhaustion has been favorably correlated with long-term clinical outcome. Understanding the development of exhaustion in autoimmune settings may provide underlying principles that can be exploited to quell autoreactive T cells. Here, we demonstrate that the adaptor molecule Bat3 acts as a molecular checkpoint of T cell exhaustion, with deficiency of Bat3 promoting a profound exhaustion phenotype, suppressing autoreactive T cell-mediated neuroinflammation. Mechanistically, Bat3 acts as a critical mTORC2 inhibitor to suppress Akt function. As a result, Bat3 deficiency leads to increased Akt activity and FoxO1 phosphorylation, indirectly promoting <i>Prdm1</i> expression. Transcriptional analysis of <i>Bat3</i> <sup>-/-</sup> T cells revealed up-regulation of dysfunction-associated genes, concomitant with down-regulation of genes associated with T cell effector function, suggesting that absence of Bat3 can trigger T cell dysfunction even under highly proinflammatory autoimmune conditions.
Nanoporous Iron Oxide/Carbon Composites through In-Situ Deposition of Prussian Blue Nanoparticles on Graphene Oxide Nanosheets and Subsequent Thermal Treatment for Supercapacitor Applications (2019)

This work reports the successful preparation of nanoporous iron oxide/carbon composites through the in-situ growth of Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. The applied thermal treatment allows the conversion of PB nanoparticles into iron oxide (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles. The resulting iron oxide/carbon composite exhibits higher specific capacitance at all scan rates than pure GO and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> electrodes due to the synergistic contribution of electric double-layer capacitance from GO and pseudocapacitance from Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Notably, even at a high current density of 20 A g<sup>-1</sup>, the iron oxide/carbon composite still shows a high capacitance retention of 51%, indicating that the hybrid structure provides a highly accessible path for diffusion of electrolyte ions.
Infinite support vector machines in speech recognition (2013)

Generative feature spaces provide an elegant way to apply discriminative models in speech recognition, and system performance has been improved by adapting this framework.However, the classes in the feature space may be not linearly separable.Applying a linear classifier then limits performance.Instead of a single classifier, this paper applies a mixture of experts.This model trains different classifiers as experts focusing on different regions of the feature space.However, the number of experts is not known in advance.This problem can be bypassed by employing a Bayesian non-parametric model.In this paper, a specific mixture of experts based on the Dirichlet process, namely the infinite support vector machine, is studied.Experiments conducted on the noise-corrupted continuous digit task AURORA 2 show the advantages of this Bayesian nonparametric approach.
Easychair as a Pedagogical Tool — Engaging Graduate Students in the Reviewing Process (2014)

One of the more important aims of graduate artificial intelligence courses is to prepare graduate students to critically evaluate the current literature. The established approaches for this include either asking a student to present a paper in class, or to have the entire class read and discuss a paper. However, neither of these approaches presents incentives for student participation beyond the posting of a single summary or review. In this paper, we describe a class project that uses the popular Easychair conference management system as a pedagogical tool to enable engagement in the peer review process. We report on the deployment of this project in a mediumsized graduate AI class, and present the results of this deployment. We hope that the success of this project in engaging students in the peer review process can be used better train and bolster the future corps of AI reviewers.
In Vivo Normal Knee Kinematics: Is Ethnicity or Gender an Influencing Factor? (2010)

We identified small differences in maximum flexion between genders and ethnic groups. While no differences were identified in the lateral condyle translation, the medial condyle remained more stationary and more anterior for the groups that achieved highest (and similar) maximum flexion. Therefore, it may be important for future implant designs to incorporate these characteristics, such that only the lateral condyle experiences greater posterior femoral rollback, while the medial condyle remains more stationary throughout flexion.
The effect of in ovo or day-of-hatch subcutaneous antibiotic administration on competitive exclusion culture (PREEMPT) establishment in neonatal chickens (2000)

The effect of in ovo or day-of-hatch subcutaneous antibiotic administration on the detection of antibiotic residues in yolk sac or blood serum samples and the potential for observed residues to interfere with competitive exclusion (CE) culture establishment was compared in three experiments. The in ovo or subcutaneous administration of gentamicin sulfate or ceftiofur sodium was associated with detectable levels of antibiotic residues in yolk sac or blood serum samples in Experiment 1. Further, the ability to detect antibiotic residues in day-of-hatch chicks was associated with reduced levels of CE culture establishment when cecal propionate level, an indicator of PREEMPT establishment, was determined following PREEMPT application by oral gavage on the day of hatch in Experiments 1 and 2. Restricting chicks from feed, as opposed to providing access ad libitum to a starter ration, for 6 h immediately following administration of PREEMPT improved (P < 0.05) CE culture establishment in Experiment 2 in nonantibiotic injected control chicks, but did not affect (P > 0.05) experimental groups receiving either gentamicin sulfate or ceftiofur sodium by either in ovo or subcutaneous routes. The in ovo administration of 0.1 or 0.2 mg ceftiofur sodium to individual embryos on Day 18 of embryogenesis in Experiment 3 was associated with marked depressions (P < 0.05) in cecal propionate levels compared with uninjected control chicks. When feed was restricted and the time of PREEMPT administration was delayed for 48 or 72 h posthatch, mean cecal propionate levels in in ovo ceftiofur sodium-injected chicks were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from controls, indicating a time- and feed restriction-associated effect on improving CE culture establishment.
Presence of Acetamide in Milk and Beef from Cattle Consuming AFEX-Treated Crop Residues (2019)

AFEX treatment of crop residues can greatly increase their nutrient availability for ruminants. This study investigated the concentration of acetamide, an ammoniation byproduct, in AFEX-treated crop residues and in milk and meat from ruminants fed these residues. Acetamide concentrations in four AFEX-treated cereal crop residues were comparable and reproducible (4-7 mg/g dry matter). A transient acetamide peak in milk was detected following introduction of AFEX-treated residues to the diet, but an alternative regimen showed the peak can be effectively mitigated. Milk acetamide concentration following this transition was 6 and 10 ppm for cattle and buffalo, respectively, but also decreased over time for cattle while tending to decrease (<i>p</i> = 0.08) for buffalo. There was no difference in acetamide concentration in the meat of cattle consuming AFEX-treated residues for 160 days compared to controls. Further investigation is necessary to determine the metabolism of acetamide in ruminants and a maximum acceptable daily intake for humans.
<title>Human-scale interaction for virtual model displays: a clear case for real tools</title> (1998)

We describe a hand-held user interface for interacting with virtual environments displayed on a Virtual Model Display. The tool, constructed entirely of transparent materials, is see-through. We render a graphical counterpart of the tool on the display and map it one-to-one with the real tool. This feature, combined with a capability for touch- sensitive, discrete input, results in a useful spatial input device that is visually versatile. We discuss the tool's design and interaction techniques it supports. Briefly, we look at the human factors issues and engineering challenges presented by this tool and, in general, by the class of hand-held user interfaces that are see-through.
FIGURE 1 from Optimizing Precision Medicine for Breast Cancer Brain Metastases with Functional Drug Response Assessment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes comparing the paired brain metastases and primary breast tumor (Group A). The downregulated and the upregulated genes in the brain metastases samples compared with the matched primary breast tumor samples are color coded as blue (down) and red (up).&lt;/p&gt;
Laparoscopy of hepatocellular carcinoma is helpful in minimizing intra-abdominal adhesion during salvage transplantation (2018)

Laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma can minimize intra-abdominal adhesion during salvage liver transplantation.
Stoichiometry of theLaFeO3(010) surface determined from first-principles and thermodynamic calculations (2011)

The phase diagram of ${\mathrm{LaFeO}}_{3}$ (010) surfaces is developed by ab initio thermodynamics. The stabilities of LaO- and ${\mathrm{FeO}}_{2}$-terminated surfaces are investigated at temperatures representative of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operating conditions [773, 1073, and 1223 K at $p$(O${}_{2}$) \ensuremath{\approx} 0.21 atm]. For LaO-type surfaces, it is predicted that the most stable surface structure is oxidized at all temperatures considered. For ${\mathrm{FeO}}_{2}$-type surfaces, the most stable surface structure is predicted to change from oxidized (at 773 K) to stoichiometric (at 1073 and 1223 K). Even though both LaO and ${\mathrm{FeO}}_{2}$ surfaces can be oxidized under SOFC operating conditions, the degree of oxidation is much greater for the LaO surface. In addition, as reduced surfaces are predicted to be significantly more unstable than stoichiometric and oxidized terminations at these temperatures and oxygen partial pressures, surface oxygen vacancies are not predicted to form on either the LaO or the ${\mathrm{FeO}}_{2}$ terminations. Moreover, at high temperatures [above \ensuremath{\sim}1500 K at $p$(O${}_{2}$) $=$ 0.21 atm], only ${\mathrm{FeO}}_{2}$-type surfaces are predicted to be stable. Importantly, the calculated transition temperatures where surface oxygen stoichiometries are predicted to change are in good agreement with the results of temperature-programmed desorption experiments.
Navigation Did Not Improve the Precision of Minimally Invasive Knee Arthroplasty (2008)

Level II, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Intermediates and Potential Energy Surfaces in Thermoneutral Carbonyl Addition-Elimination Reactions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntermediates and Potential Energy Surfaces in Thermoneutral Carbonyl Addition-Elimination ReactionsJames L. Wilbur and John I. BraumanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 13, 5839–5846Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00092a039RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Optimum Power Allocation in a Nonorthogonal Amplify-and-Forward Relay-Assisted Network (2011)

In this paper, we address the problems of power allocation at relays to maximize the transmission rate in a nonorthogonal amplify-and-forward (AF) relay-assisted network, in which multiple relays simultaneously transmit the amplified signals in the same time and frequency. We first formulate a power allocation problem that aims to maximize the minimum of transmission rates in a multicast under a sum power constraint. Then, we prove that the optimal solution can be alternatively obtained by solving its inverse problem, which minimizes the sum power consumption at relays while achieving the target signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with the same constraint. The inverse problem can be solved by using linear programming, and the inverse problem's complexity can be further reduced by a proposed suboptimal power allocation algorithm. As in the special case of multicast, the optimal solution is derived in unicast, and two suboptimal algorithms are proposed to reduce the feedback overhead and complexity, in which multirelay diversity is also investigated.
Sparse signal recovery in the presence of correlated multiple measurement vectors (2010)

Sparse signal recovery algorithms utilizing multiple measurement vectors (MMVs) are known to have better performance compared to the single measurement vector case. However, current work rarely consider the case when sources have temporal correlation, a likely situation in practice. In this work we examine methods to account for temporal correlation and its impact on performance. We model sources as AR processes, and then incorporate such information into the framework of sparse Bayesian learning for sparse signal recovery. Experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithms. They also show that the performance of existing algorithms are limited by temporal correlation, and that if such correlation can be fully exploited, as in our proposed algorithms, the limitation can be overcome.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound by Nonexpert Operators Demonstrates High Sensitivity and Specificity in Detecting Gallstones: Data from the Samoa Typhoid Fever Control Program (2022)

Approximately 90% of chronic typhoid carriers with persistent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) gallbladder infection have gallstones. In Samoa, where typhoid fever has been endemic for many decades, risk factors predisposing to the development of gallstones are increasing among adults. The Samoa Typhoid Fever Control Program dispatches a "Typhoid Epidemiologic SWAT Team" to perform a household investigation of every blood culture-confirmed case of acute typhoid fever. Investigations include screening household contacts to detect chronic carriers. Following limited training, two nonexpert ultrasound operators performed point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) on 120 Samoan adults from August to September 2019 to explore the feasibility of POCUS to detect individuals with gallstones during household investigations and community screenings. POCUS scans from 120 Samoan adults in three cohorts (28 food handlers, two typhoid cases and their 18 household contacts, and 72 attendees at an ambulatory clinic) were reviewed by a board-certified radiologist who deemed 96/120 scans (80%) to be interpretable. Compared with the radiologist (gold standard), the nonexpert operators successfully detected 6/7 Samoans with gallstones (85.7% sensitivity) and correctly identified 85/89 without gallstones (95.5% specificity). The proportion (24/120) of uninterpretable scans from this pilot that used minimally trained clinicians (who are neither radiologists nor ultrasound technicians) indicates the need for additional training of POCUS operators. Nevertheless, this pilot feasibility study engenders optimism that in the Samoan setting nonexperts can be trained to use POCUS to diagnose cholelithiasis, thereby helping (along with stool cultures and Vi serology) to identify possible chronic S. Typhi carriers.
Abstract 1655: Organotypic 3D models to characterize the molecular requirements for NK and T-cell infiltration (2017)

Abstract Multiple studies have demonstrated that the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes is strongly correlated with increased survival. However, the level of infiltration within a specific tumor entity and between various tumor types varies widely. Increasing the degree of lymphocyte infiltration in a tumor represents an innovative drug concept. Organotypic 3D models consisting of tumor spheroids, stromal fibroblasts and Natural Killer (NK) or T-cells could represent valuable models to appropriately model infiltration and establish novel therapeutic concepts in the area of immune-oncology. As a first step in the development of a model for lymphocyte infiltration, the cytotoxicity and infiltration of human NK cells in 3D tumor spheroids were analyzed. Different NK cell lines and primary NK cells had a toxic effect on 3D tumor spheroids upon co-culture. Cryosections of co-cultured tumor spheroids showed infiltrated NK cells inside tumor spheroids. Infiltrated NK cells recovered from tumor spheroids were characterized by flow cytometry. Results showed that a higher infiltration correlates with cytotoxicity on tumor spheroids and transcriptomes of infiltrated vs. non infiltrated NK cells differ substantially. IL-12 stimulation increased the killing effect of NK cells on tumor spheroids, inducing higher expression of Perforin, IFNγ and GranzymeB levels. 3D tumor spheroids were embedded in a Matrigel/Collagen mixture with fibroblasts and the effect of compounds on NK cell infiltration was monitored. It was demonstrated that not only IL-12 increased NK cell infiltration, but also several compounds. Moreover, encapsulated 3D models with different cell types (tumor cells, fibroblasts, NK or T-cells) were established at a bioreactor scale to mimic the in vivo situation of complex tumor tissues. We could demonstrate NK and T-cell infiltration into these encapsulated 3D tumor spheroids. These encapsulated model systems permit long-term cultures to study the effect of compounds and/or NK or T-cells on later stages of tumorigenesis. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that organotypic 3D models are a valuable tool for the analysis of the molecular mechanisms that regulate lymphocyte infiltration into tumors. Citation Format: Wolfgang Sommergruber, Annika Osswald, Viola Hedrich, Marta Majewska, Helmut Dolznig. Organotypic 3D models to characterize the molecular requirements for NK and T-cell infiltration [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1655. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1655
Prolonged increase in tear meniscus height by&nbsp;3%&nbsp;diquafosol ophthalmic solution in eyes with&nbsp;contact lenses (2015)

Topical instillation of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution increases TMH for up to 60 minutes in eyes with high-water-content CLs.
MODELING OF RING VORTICES AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH TURBULENT PREMIXED FLAMES (2004)

Depending on amplitude and frequency of self-excited flame/pressure oscillations in technical combustion systems, the formation of large-scale turbulent ring vortices can be observed which interact with the flame. The phenomenon was investigated with numerical simulations using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes methods. The results were validated against experimental data. The calculation of the forced isothermal flow field yields that the prediction of the transient vortex positions works very well. In contrast, the turbulent diffusion is underestimated. The flame frequency response of a forced premixed turbulent axial methane jet flame (P therm = 40 kW) was calculated using a simplistic turbulent reaction model. The measured flame frequency response was derived via detection of the global radiation of OH radicals and the calculated flame response via analysis of the global heat release rate. Despite the fact that a quantitative comparison of these properties is not possible, a qualitative comparison shows good agreement regarding the representation of amplitude response and phase-angle function.
Tumor necrosis factor-α promoter −308 G/A polymorphism and susceptibility to sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants (2011)

No association was found between the tumor necrosis factor-α -308 G/A polymorphism blood culture-proven sepsis in two large cohorts of very-low-birth-weight infants. A recent meta-analysis demonstrated that the tumor necrosis factor-α -308 A allele is associated with higher sepsis risk in adult cohorts. Thus, potential differences between adults and infants need to be incorporated in future study designs evaluating risk profiles for sepsis.