gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achieving Bharat Stage VI Emissions Regulations While Improving Fuel Economy with the Opposed-Piston Engine (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The government of India has decided to implement Bharat Stage VI (BS-VI) emissions standards from April 2020. This requires OEMs to equip their diesel engines with costly after-treatment, EGR systems and higher rail pressure fuel systems. By one estimate, BS-VI engines are expected to be 15 to 20% more expensive than BS-IV engines, while also suffering with 2 to 3 % lower fuel economy. OEMs are looking for solutions to meet the BS-VI emissions standards while still keeping the upfront and operating costs low enough for their products to attract customers; however traditional engine technologies seem to have exhausted the possibilities. Fuel economy improvement technologies applied to traditional 4-stroke engines bring small benefits with large cost penalties.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;One promising solution to meet both current, and future, emissions standards with much improved fuel economy at lower cost is the Opposed Piston (OP) engine. Recently, there has been surge in developing highly efficient OP engine architecture to modernize it using today’s analytical tools, high pressure fuel system and manufacturing technologies to meet emissions, while reaping the fuel economy advantage.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As the company pioneering the OP engine technology, Achates Power Inc. (API) has been publishing technical papers in recent years, including a paper describing inherent efficiency benefits of OP engines, multi-cylinder steady state and transient results for medium duty truck and light duty applications. This technical paper provides detailed performance and emissions results measured on API’s 4.9L multi-cylinder OP 2-stroke diesel engine configured specifically to meet BS-VI emissions standards for commercial truck application. The results include: &lt;ul class="list disc"&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Measured performance and emissions data for emissions test cycles.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;After-treatment details and confirmation to meet tailpipe emissions for BS-VI standards.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Details of API’s multi-cylinder test engine’s indicated thermal efficiency, friction and pumping losses.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Comparison with 4-stroke diesel engine.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Fast Stochastic Contact Model for Planar Pushing and Grasping: Theory and Experimental Validation (2017)

Based on the convex force-motion polynomial model for quasi-static sliding, we derive the kinematic contact model to determine the contact modes and instantaneous object motion on a supporting surface given a position controlled manipulator. The inherently stochastic object-to-surface friction distribution is modelled by sampling physically consistent parameters from appropriate distributions, with only one parameter to control the amount of noise. Thanks to the high fidelity and smoothness of convex polynomial models, the mechanics of patch contact is captured while being computationally efficient without mode selection at support points. The motion equations for both single and multiple frictional contacts are given. Simulation based on the model is validated with robotic pushing and grasping experiments.
Brain death models: Solutions in search of problems* (2011)

Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care; University of Brescia; Spedali Civili; Brescia, Italy (Latronico) Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine; San Bortolo Hospital; Vicenza, Italy (Zamperetti) Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care; University of Brescia; Spedali Civili; Brescia, Italy (Rasulo) The authors have not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest.
Helicobacter pylori Caga Protein Can Be Tyrosine Phosphorylated in Gastric Epithelial Cells (2000)

Attachment of Helicobacter pylori to gastric epithelial cells induces various cellular responses, including the tyrosine phosphorylation of an unknown 145-kD protein and interleukin 8 production. Here we show that this 145-kD protein is the cagA product of H. pylori, an immunodominant, cytotoxin-associated antigen. Epithelial cells infected with various H. pylori clinical isolates resulted in generation of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins ranging from 130 to 145 kD in size that were also induced in vitro by mixing host cell lysate with bacterial lysate. When epithelial cells were infected with [(35)S]methionine-labeled H. pylori, a radioactive 145-kD protein was detected in the immunoprecipitates with antiphosphotyrosine antibody or anti-CagA (cytotoxin-associated gene A) antibody. Consistently, the 145-kD protein recognized by the anti-CagA and antiphosphotyrosine antibodies was induced in epithelial cells after infection of wild-type H. pylori but not the cagA::Km mutant. Furthermore, the amino acid sequence of the phosphorylated 145-kD protein induced by H. pylori infection was identical to the H. pylori CagA sequence. These results reveal that the tyrosine-phosphorylated 145-kD protein is H. pylori CagA protein, which may be delivered from attached bacteria into the host cytoplasm. The identification of the tyrosine-phosphorylated protein will thus provide further insights into understanding the precise roles of CagA protein in H. pylori pathogenesis.
Bad-data detection in smart grid: a distributed approach (2012)

This chapter is motivated by the fact that wide-area monitoring, control and protection (WAMPAC) are becoming increasingly important in the vision for future smart grid operations [1]. Technological advances in sensing, communication, and computation could enable smart grid operations with improved situational awareness. This improved situational awareness could lead to more reliable and economical integration of renewable energy resources, as well as to the prevention of potential blackouts [1].
Mechanisms of Lymphotoxin-beta Receptor Agonization induced upregulation of the anti-HBV host restriction factor APOBEC3B (2019)

Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a serious health problem, although a protective vaccination is available. Over 250 million people are infected worldwide, and HBV is responsible for more than 800.000 deaths per year, mostly results of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Developmental Changes in Estrogen Receptors in Mouse Cerebral Cortex between Birth and Postweaning: Studied by Autoradiography with llβ-Methoxy-16α- [125I]Iodoestradiol* (1990)

The presence of estrogen receptor cells in postnatal cerebral cortex and their topographical and numerical changes between birth and postweaning were examined. On postnatal days 0, 2, 8, 12, 18, and 25, six mice (three males and three females) were injected sc with 0.25 microgram/100 g BW 11 beta-methoxy-16 alpha-[125I]iodoestradiol [( 125I]MIE2). Two additional males on postnatal day 2 were each sc injected with 250 micrograms/100 g BW 17 beta-estradiol 1 h before radiolabeled ligand to establish the specificity of nuclear label. Two hours after the injection of [125I]MIE2 brains were frozen, and 4-microns sections were thaw-mounted and processed for autoradiography. Autoradiograms were exposed for 1-45 days, and cortical cells with nuclear uptake and retention of [125I]MIE2 were evaluated at the levels of the frontal pole, preoptic area, and central and posterior hypothalamus. At birth, cells with nuclear label were found predominantly in deep cortical layers. Between birth and postnatal day 2, the number of labeled cells increased in deep and intermediate laminae and first appeared in certain superficial regions. By day 8, labeled cells were concentrated in laminae II-VI of the cingulate/paracingulate and suprarhinal cortex. On day 12, labeling in laminae V and VI declined to a few cells, while a concentration of labeled cells remained in laminae II and III of the cingulate/paracingulate and suprarhinal regions. With subsequent development, an attenuation in labeling at all cortical levels was observed. By day 25, a small cluster of labeled cells remained in lamina II and III of the anterior cingulate, paracingulate, and suprarhinal regions, with additional labeled cells scattered throughout the remaining cortex. Competition with unlabeled 17 beta-estradiol reduced nuclear concentration of ligand in all cortical layers and demonstrated the specificity of [125I]MIE2 for the estrogen receptor. These results show the extensive presence of estrogen target cells in the early postnatal cortex and a profound change in topography and number of target cells during the postnatal period. These findings further suggest an important role for estrogen in the development of certain cortical neurons, possibly involving neuronal differentiation, cell positioning, and connectivity.
Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation into the Heart is Not a Crucial Factor of Ventricular Fibrillation in a Rat Doxorubicin‐Induced Cardiomyopathy Model (2006)

Abstract To verify the susceptibility of ventricle to arrhythmia after bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation (BMMNCT), we measured ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) and monophasic action potential duration (MAYD 90 ). Lewis rats with doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy were divided into 2 groups: transplantation group (D‐TX: BMMNC (1 × 10 6 ) given transplants into the apex at 4 weeks after doxorubicin administration) and nontransplantation group (D‐N). Age‐matched normal group (N‐N) was prepared. At 4 weeks after BMMNCT, the following electrophysiologic tests were performed. Experiment 1 (VFT): Two stainless wires were placed at the apex and a single train of 10 square wave stimuli was delivered across T wave. The lowest current developing ventricular fibrillation was determined as VFT. Experiment 2 (MAPD 90 ): The catheter was inserted into the left ventricle and pressed against the endocardium near the apex under regular cycle lengths. Experiment 1: VFT of D‐TX and D‐N were significantly lower than that of N‐N (p &lt; 0.01). There was no difference between D‐TX and D‐N. Experiment 2: MAYD 90 of each group was lined up in length D‐N&gt;D‐TX&gt;N‐N at every cycle lengths. There was a significant difference between D‐N and N‐N (p &lt; 0.01), and D‐TX and N‐N (p &lt; 0.05). In this model, BMMNCT did not increase susceptibility to arrthythmia.
Lung recruitment improves right ventricular performance after cardiopulmonary bypass (2016)

Protocol started on October 2014.
Effect of a Stable Angiotensin‐(1–7) Analogue on Progenitor Cell Recruitment and Cardiovascular Function Post Myocardial Infarction (2015)

Our results suggest that cyclic angiotensin-(1-7), when given early after MI, recruits progenitor cells but does not lead to improved angiogenesis, most likely because it simultaneously exerts antiangiogenic effect in adult endothelial cells. Apparently, optimal treatment with cyclic angiotensin-(1-7) depends on the time point of onset of application after MI.
Data-driven prediction system for an environmental smartification approach to child fall accident prevention in a daily living space (2019)

Ten thousand children are admitted to emergency rooms due to accidents every year in Tokyo. The most frequent accident is a fall accident. Fall accidents may occur when climbing to a high place in a daily living space. Since injury prevention by human supervision does not work well, the World Health Organization recommends an environmental modification approach as an effective preventive countermeasure to this problem. However, even for advanced human modeling technology, predicting where children can climb in everyday life situations remains difficult. In the present study, the authors developed a new method for predicting places that children can climb in a data-driven manner by integrating RGB-D cameras (Microsoft Kinect), a behavior recognition system (OpenPose), and a climbing motion planning algorithm based on a rapidly exploring random tree. The present paper describes fundamental functions of the developed system and presents an evaluation of the feasibility of the prediction function.
Phytochemical analysis of Amelanchier parviflora subsp. chelmea and identification of their anti-angiogenic secondary metabolites (2014)

The genus Amelanchier (Rosaceae) comprises species that are characterized by the presence of secondary metabolites belonging to anthocyanins, flavonoids and terpenoids [1]. Amelanchier parviflora subsp. chelmea is an endemic Greek plant for which there are currently no published phytochemical studies. EtOAc and MeOH extracts of the aerial part were evaluated for their angiogenic properties using endothelial cell-based functional assays [2]. The results showed that both extracts exhibited important inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation at 20 µg/ml (inhibition 65.4% and 54.4% for the EtOAc and the MeOH extract, respectively). Furthermore, in this study the phytochemical analysis of the extracts was achieved in two steps. Initially the extracts were fractionated by step-gradient Fast Centrifugal Partition Chromatoraphy (FCPC) and subsequently the chosen fractions were further purified. This procedure afforded 36 natural compounds including six flavonoids, five phenolic compounds, three biphenyls, two lignans, five hydroxycinnamic esters of triterpenes and six hydroxycinnamic esters of aliphatic alcohols. It is important to say that the compounds 4-hydroxy-2′,3,4′,5,5′-pentamethoxybiphenyl, 3-hydroxy-2′,4,4′,5,5′-pentamethoxybiphenyl and 2′′,4′′-dimethoxy-sorlanine are new natural products. The identity of isolated compounds was confirmed by NMR and MS spectroscopy. Moreover, the FCPC fractions were evaluated for their ability to inhibit or induce angiogenesis and the active fractions were further studied in order to identify their bioactive components. Subsequently, the evaluation of isolated compounds with the above mentioned assays demonstrated that betulinol, 3-β-O-trans-p-coumaroylbetulinol and 3-β-O-trans-caffeoylbetulinic acid possess significant anti-proliferative activity with 64.9%, 66.7% and 38.9% inhibition at 100µM, respectively. The bioactive compounds will be evaluated in advanced in vitro and in vivo models to establish their anti-angiogenic effects.
Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Stimulation Disrupts Neuronal MigrationIn Vitro (1998)

LIS-1 is a gene whose hemi-deletion causes the human neuronal migration disorder Miller-Dieker lissencephaly. It encodes a subunit of a brain platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase, an enzyme that inactivates PAF by hydrolyzing the acetyl moiety in the sn2 position of this phospholipid. Because PAF receptor activation has been shown to affect the developing neuronal cytoskeleton, we have hypothesized that a role for PAF in neurodevelopment is that of a modulator of neuroblast movement (a cytoskeletal function) and that an aberrant regulation of PAF could lead to an early arrest in migration. This report examines the effects of the nonhydrolyzable PAF receptor agonist methyl carbamyl PAF (mc-PAF) on the unidirectional in vitro migration of granule cells from cerebellar cell reaggregates on a laminin substrate. Bath treatment with mc-PAF yields a dose-dependent decrease in granule cell migration compared with controls. This effect can be blocked by the simultaneous bath application of BN 52021 and trans-BTD, PAF receptor-specific antagonists. Although mc-PAF minimally inhibited neurite growth, its primary effect was on somal movement along preextended neurites. These experiments suggest that the stimulation of neuronal PAF receptors could be one crucial step for the regulation of neuroblast migration and that disturbed PAF catabolism during neurodevelopment could contribute to the neuronal migration defects observed in Miller-Dieker lissencephaly.
1D profiling using highly dispersive guided waves (2017)

Corrosion is one of the industries major issues regarding the integrity of assets. Currently inspections are conducted at regular intervals to ensure a sufficient integrity level of these assets. There are many situations where the actual defect location is not accessible, e.g., a pipe support or a partially buried pipe. Last year an approach was presented using a phase inversion of guided waves that propagated around the circumference of a pipe. This approach works well for larger corrosion spots, but shows significant under-sizing of small spots due to lack of sufficient phase rotation. In this paper the use of arrival time and amplitude loss of higher order circumferential passes is evaluated. Using higher order passes increases sensitivity for sizing smaller defects. Different defect profiles are assumed and the change in arrival time and amplitude loss are calculated using a wave equation based approach for different defect widths and depths. This produces a differential travel time and amplitude change map as function of defect depth and defect width. The actually measured travel time change and amplitude change produces two contours in these maps. Calculating the intersection point gives the defect dimensions. The contours for amplitude loss and travel time change are quite orthogonal, this yields a good discrimination between deep and shallow defects. The approach is evaluated using experimental data from different pipes contain artificial and real defects.
Lactobacillus reuteri Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity, but not Atherosclerosis, in a Strain Dependent Fashion in Apoe−/− Mice (2012)

Mice receiving L. reuteri ATCC gained significantly less body weight than the control mice, whereas the L6798 mice gained significantly more. Adipose and liver weights were also reduced in the ATCC group. Serum insulin levels were lower in the ATCC group, but no significant effects were observed in the glucose or insulin tolerance tests. Lipogenic genes in the liver were not altered by any of the bacterial treatments, however, increased expression of Cpt1a was found in the ATCC group, indicating increased β-oxidation. Correspondingly, the liver trended towards having lower fat content. There were no effects on inflammatory markers, blood cholesterol or atherosclerosis. In conclusion, the probiotic L. reuteri strain ATCC PTA 4659 partly prevented diet-induced obesity, possibly via a previously unknown mechanism of inducing liver expression of Cpt1a.
Enhanced orbital magnetic moments in magnetic heterostructures with interface perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (2015)

We have studied the magnetic layer thickness dependence of the orbital magnetic moment in magnetic heterostructures to identify contributions from interfaces. Three different heterostructures, Ta/CoFeB/MgO, Pt/Co/AlOx and Pt/Co/Pt, which possess significant interface contribution to the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, are studied as model systems. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy is used to evaluate the relative orbital moment, i.e. the ratio of the orbital to spin moments, of the magnetic elements constituting the heterostructures. We find that the relative orbital moment of Co in Pt/Co/Pt remains constant against its thickness whereas the moment increases with decreasing Co layer thickness for Pt/Co/AlOx, suggesting that a non-zero interface orbital moment exists for the latter system. For Ta/CoFeB/MgO, a non-zero interface orbital moment is found only for Fe. X-ray absorption spectra shows that a particular oxidized Co state in Pt/Co/AlOx, absent in other heterosturctures, may give rise to the interface orbital moment in this system. These results show element specific contributions to the interface orbital magnetic moments in ultrathin magnetic heterostructures.
Bioengineering Human Tissues and the Future of Vascular Replacement (2022)

Cardiovascular defects, injuries, and degenerative diseases often require surgical intervention and the use of implantable replacement material and conduits. Traditional vascular grafts made of synthetic polymers, animal and cadaveric tissues, or autologous vasculature have been utilized for almost a century with well-characterized outcomes, leaving areas of unmet need for the patients in terms of durability and long-term patency, susceptibility to infection, immunogenicity associated with the risk of rejection, and inflammation and mechanical failure. Research to address these limitations is exploring avenues as diverse as gene therapy, cell therapy, cell reprogramming, and bioengineering of human tissue and replacement organs. Tissue-engineered vascular conduits, either with viable autologous cells or decellularized, are the forefront of technology in cardiovascular reconstruction and offer many benefits over traditional graft materials, particularly in the potential for the implanted material to be adopted and remodeled into host tissue and thus offer safer, more durable performance. This review discusses the key advances and future directions in the field of surgical vascular repair, replacement, and reconstruction, with a focus on the challenges and expected benefits of bioengineering human tissues and blood vessels.
Efficient Removal of Heavy Metals from Polluted Water with High Selectivity for Mercury(II) by 2-Imino-4-thiobiuret–Partially Reduced Graphene Oxide (IT-PRGO) (2017)

A novel chelating adsorbent, based on the chemical modification of graphene oxide by functionalization amidinothiourea to form 2-imino-4-thiobiuret-partially reduced graphene oxide (IT-PRGO), is used for the effective extraction of the toxic metal ions Hg(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V) from wastewater. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and XPS confirm the successful incorporation of the amidinothiourea groups within the partially reduced GO nanosheets through nucleophilic substitution reactions with the acyl chloride groups in the chemically modified GO. The IT-PRGO adsorbent shows exceptional selectivity for the extraction of Hg(II) with a capacity of 624 mg/g, placing it among the top of carbon-based materials known for the high capacity of Hg(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The maximum sorption capacities for As(V), Cu(II), Cr(VI), and Pb(II) are 19.0, 37.0, 63.0, and 101.5 mg/g, respectively. The IT-PRGO displays a 100% removal of Hg(II) at concentrations up to 100 ppm with 90%, 95%, and 100% removal within 15, 30, and 90 min, respectively, at 50 ppm concentration. In a mixture of six heavy metal ions containing 10 ppm of each ion, the IT-PRGO shows a removal of 3% Zn(II), 4% Ni(II), 9% Cd(II), 21% Cu(II), 63% Pb(II), and 100% Hg(II). A monolayer adsorption behavior is suggested based on the excellent agreement of the experimental sorption isotherms with the Langmuir model. The sorption kinetics can be fitted well to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model which suggests a chemisorption mechanism via the amidinothiourea groups grafted on the reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. Desorption studies demonstrate that the IT-PRGO is easily regenerated with the desorption of the metal ions Hg(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), Cr(VI), and As(V) reaching 96%, 100%, 100%, 96%, and 100%, respectively, from their maximum sorption capacities using different eluents. The IT-PRGO is proposed as a top performing remediation adsorbent for the extraction of heavy metals from waste and polluted water.