gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seeing Beyond Appearance - Mapping Real Images into Geometrical Domains\n for Unsupervised CAD-based Recognition (2018)

While convolutional neural networks are dominating the field of computer\nvision, one usually does not have access to the large amount of domain-relevant\ndata needed for their training. It thus became common to use available\nsynthetic samples along domain adaptation schemes to prepare algorithms for the\ntarget domain. Tackling this problem from a different angle, we introduce a\npipeline to map unseen target samples into the synthetic domain used to train\ntask-specific methods. Denoising the data and retaining only the features these\nrecognition algorithms are familiar with, our solution greatly improves their\nperformance. As this mapping is easier to learn than the opposite one (ie to\nlearn to generate realistic features to augment the source samples), we\ndemonstrate how our whole solution can be trained purely on augmented synthetic\ndata, and still perform better than methods trained with domain-relevant\ninformation (eg real images or realistic textures for the 3D models). Applying\nour approach to object recognition from texture-less CAD data, we present a\ncustom generative network which fully utilizes the purely geometrical\ninformation to learn robust features and achieve a more refined mapping for\nunseen color images.\n
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLES FROM YLIDES. PART 7. REACTIVITY OF 3‐ARYLMETHYLENEINDOLIN‐2‐ONES S WITH STABILIZED SULFUR YLIDES (1979)

Abstract Die Indolinone (I) reagieren mit Dimethylsulf0niumphenacylid unter Cycloaddition zu den Spiro‐cyclopropanindolinonen (II).
Modeling optical microscope images of integrated-circuit structures (1991)

The waveguide model has been extended so that light scattering problems in semiconductor structures due to illumination of arbitrary polarization can be solved. A numerical algorithm has been developed so that once the characteristic matrix of the structure is set up, the reflected scattering matrix can be calculated efficiently. The validity of the model was examined both theoretically and experimentally, and good results have been obtained. With this modeling capability, we can successfully simulate accurate optical images of semiconductor structures obtained from various microscopes including polarization-dependent ones such as Nomarski microscopes.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Cellulose Nanofibres Production Routes from Virgin and Recycled Raw Materials (2021)

Nanocellulose-based materials are attracting an increasing interest for the positive role they could play in sustainable development; being originated from renewable resources. Moreover, cellulose has a high potential of recycling from both post-consumer waste and industrial waste. Both factors, i.e., recyclability and renewable resources; results are also extremely favourable in the perspective of circular economy. Despite all these positive aspects, an industrial production has yet to start. At the lab scale, many preparation methods of cellulose nanofibres (CNF) are available; here, the three most common are analysed: (1) enzymatic pre-treatment followed by homogenisation (ENZHO), (2) oxidative pre-treatment combined with homogenisation (TOHO) or (3) oxidative pre-treatment followed by sonication (TOSO). All three processes have been experimentally carried out starting from both virgin and recycled cellulose from industrial waste sludge. The environmental sustainability of these three routes is estimated by the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) using experimental lab scale data. In this scenario, the comparative LCA has pointed out a superior performance of the ENZHO process, followed by TOHO and, lastly, by TOSO. The influence of energy consumption on the final results has been further investigated by a sensitivity analysis, showing that the TOHO and TOSO routes could reach similar performances by scaling-up the process from the laboratory. The different typology of CNF obtained by conducting the ENZHO process with respect to the TEMPO-mediated oxidation approach is also outlined as an additional element to be considered for the final selection of a suitable process.
Reduction Characteristics of the Purified Water Sludge and Its Stabilization Effect under the Optimum Moisture Content (2014)

Sludge treatment at the water purification plant is classified into solar drying and pressure dehydration. Compared with the latter, the former can reduce an expense required for a device and facilities. On the other hand, the former has disadvantages in that the retrievement of sludge is after approximately one year because the drying rate of sludge including a large quantity of water depends on a season or the weather.We firstly performed a simple loading test to promote the water-reducing of sludge which was dried in the sun. In this experiment, we laid the sludge of nearly 460% water content onto geotextile fixed in a container of 100mm inside diameter, and added the normal stress of 0.10MN/m2 from 0.05MN/m2 for 24 or 48 hours. Water contents after the unloading have decreased to about 260% due to synergy of load and geotextile for the drainage promotion. This difference of the water content was almost corresponding to three months solar drying period. We secondly examined the bearing capacity and strength characteristics of specimens made by adding stabilizers into the sludge which was dried to nearly optimum water content. The results of California Bearing Ratio test, unconfined compression test and box shear test indicated that CBR value, unconfined compressive strength and shear strength all increased with lapse of the days, regarding the specimens cured in water upon the neck of air. The consequence that the strength developed in proportion to the common logarithm of curing days was also obtained, from the unconfined compression test of specimens cured only in air for 90 days.As above, it can be considered that shortening a solar drying period to heighten the desludging frequency contributes to an improvement in the operating ratio of air drying bed and a cyclic utilization of resources.
Optoelectronic properties of doped hydrothermal ZnO thin films (2017)

Group III impurity doped ZnO thin films were deposited on MgAl 2 O 3 substrates using a simple low temperature two‐step deposition method involving atomic layer deposition and hydrothermal epitaxy. Films with varying concentrations of either Al, Ga, or In were evaluated for their optoelectronic properties. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy was used to determine the concentration of dopants within the ZnO films. While Al and Ga‐doped films showed linear incorporation rates with the addition of precursors salts in the hydrothermal growth solution, In‐doped films were shown to saturate at relatively low concentrations. It was found that Ga‐doped films showed the best performance in terms of electrical resistivity and optical absorbance when compared to those doped with In or Al, with a resistivity as low as 1.9 mΩ cm and an optical absorption coefficient of 441 cm −1 at 450 nm.
Low cost QFN package design for millimeter-wave applications (2012)

This paper focuses on the design and development of a low-cost QFN package that is based on wirebond interconnects. One of the design goals is to extend the frequency at which the package can be used to 40-50 GHz (above the K band), in the millimeter-wave range. Owing to the use of mass production assembly protocols and materials, such as commercially available QFN in a mold compound, the design that is outlined in this paper significantly reduces the cost of assembly of millimeter wave modules. To operate the package at 50 GHz or a higher frequency, several key design features are proposed. They include the use of through vias (backside vias) and ground bondwires to provide ground return currents. This paper also provides rigorous validation steps that we took to obtain the key high frequency characteristics. Since a molding compound is used in conventional QFN packages, the material and its effectiveness in determining the signal propagation have to be incorporated in the overall design. However, the mold compound creates some extra challenges in the de-embedding task. For example, the mold compound must be removed to expose the probing pads so the effect of the microstrip on the GaAs chip can be obtained and de-embedded. Careful simulation and experimental validation reveal that the proposed QFN design achieves a return loss of -10 dB and an insertion loss of -1.5 dB up to 50 GHz.
Enhanced-performance video transmission in multicode CDMA wireless systems using a feedback error control scheme (2002)

We propose a new bounded delay retransmission scheme that enhances the reliability of compressed video transmission in multicode DS-CDMA (MC-CDMA) systems. We consider H.263/H.263+ video at low data rates (i.e., <64 kbps) in an IS-95B system over slow fading Rayleigh channels. Our approach is designed to reduce not only packet loss, time delays, and complexity, but also interference effects. The latter is critical in CDMA systems. Based both on theoretical analysis and entire system simulation, we investigate the improvements in packet transmission and system capacity achieved by the new scheme, and provide results for H.263 video transmission over IS-95B. Our results show that the scheme proposed significantly improves the error resilience of video transmission over MC-CDMA systems with small additional complexity. We also introduce new techniques for the analysis of video transmission in MC-CDMA with error control based on ARQ protocols, and present the application of these techniques to the proposed retransmission scheme.
Development of phone communication aid for hearing impaired (1991)

The goal of this paper is to describe work on the use of TANGORA—an Automatic Speech Recognizer (ASR) that was developed by the Speech Recognition Group at the Watson Research Center—as a communication device that would allow a hearing-impaired person to communicate with hearing individuals over the telephone. In this implementation, the speech of the hearing individual is decoded by the ASR, and the output is displayed on a computer screen for the hearing-impaired person. The general usability of this system could be limited by the degradation in TANGORA's recognition accuracy due to (1) use of public toll-quality telephone lines (instead of high bandwidth, low-noise communication lines) and (2) using it as a speaker-independent system (instead of trained to recognize each user). For these reasons, the present study was aimed at understanding the effect of decoder accuracy and knowledge about the topic of conversation on the comprehension ability of the hearing-impaired individual. The results of some successful experiments with hearing-impaired users are described and analyzed. The results indicate that the hearing-impaired user is able to understand the speech of the hearing user even in the case of low ASR decoding accuracy (around 70%). Such an accuracy level appears to be achievable under the real conditions described above.
FRACTIONATION OF NUCLEAR, CHLOROPLAST, AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA FROM POLYSIPHONIA BOLDII (RHODOPHYTA) USING A RAPID AND SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ISOLATION OF RNA AND DNA1 (1991)

ABSTRACT Extraction of nucleic acids from red algae is complicated by the presence of phycocolloids. For this reason, methods used for nucleic acid isolation from other organisms are not always amenable to use with red algal preparations; modifications in some cases lead to protocols that are time consuming and complicated, often requiring large amounts of algal tissue for starting material. Here we describe the isolation of both RNA and DNA followed by fractionation and identification of nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial DNAs from a single preparation of Polysiphonia boldii Wynne and Edwards using a simple method that yielded approximately 100 μg of total RNA and 20 μg of total DNA from 1 g of frozen powdered algae. The potent protein denaturant guanidinium thiocyanate and the detergent sarkosyl were used to gently lyse the cells and organelles and immediately inhibit nuclease activity in the extract. The nucleic acids were isolated by ultracentrifugation into a dense solution of CsCl; the RNA was recovered as a pellet and the DNA as a band within the CsCl solution. Agarose gel electrophoresis of the total RNA showed discrete ribosomal RNA bands, indicating little nonspecific degradation. The nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial DNAs were fractionated by density gradient ultracentrifugation in the presence of the DNA binding dye, bisbenzimide H (Hoechst 33258), which binds preferentially to DNA with a high A + T:G + C ratio, thus altering its density to a greater degree than it does that of DNA with a lower nucleotide ratio. The three fractions were identified by Southern blot analysis using heterologous gene probes specific for the different genomes. The protocol should be applicable to different types of algae. The simple nucleic acid isolation step can be performed on multiple samples simultaneously without subsequent fractionation of DNA, allowing comparison of DNA from different individuals, populations, or species.
Spacecraft Applications of Advanced Composite Materials (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Use of Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Composites in Spacecraft Example Spacecraft Applications References
Role of carrier mobility, exciton diffusion, and their interplay for charge balance and improved properties of organic electrophosphorescent device (2006)

In this paper, we demonstrated that controlled charge trapping, both at the emission layer and charge transport layer with energy level alignment, is essential for charge-balanced and effective electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting device (OLED). Conditions for enhanced of efficiency and lifetime of OLED were obtained with graded doping profile at the light-emission layers (varied host-dopant concentration) and different hole (exciton) blocking materials. Conceptual device physics presented in this study can be applied at an initial design of charge-confined, balanced structure of highly efficient electrophosphorescent devices.
High Sensitivity, Positive Tone, Low-k Polynorbornene Dielectrics (2014)

A highly light sensitive, positive tone, low-k dielectric has been developed with excellent lithographic, mechanical, and electrical properties. The photolithographic solubility switching mechanism is based on well-studied, chemically amplified chemistry. The dielectric is composed of a polynorbornene backbone with pendent fluoroalcohol and tert-butyl ester functional groups. The effects of the photoacid generator and monomer ratio on lithographic, mechanical, and electrical properties are studied. The sensitivity (D 100 = 8.09 mJ/cm 2 ) and contrast (γ ≥ 14.2) are an order of magnitude higher than existing positive tone dielectrics. The dielectric can be cross-linked via a Fischer esterification after patterning. For one monomer composition (60% fluoroalcohol), the modulus and hardness were measured to be 2.99 GPa and 0.252 GPa, respectively. The dielectric constant for this composition was found to be 2.78.
Oxidation Kinetics of Silicon Surfaces Studied Using Laser Induced Thermal Desorption (1989)

The reaction of oxygen with silicon surfaces is of great fundamental and technological interest. In this paper, we report on laser-induced thermal desorption (LITD), temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) experiments (1,2) that were used to investigate the kinetics of both the fast and slow steps in the oxygen adsorption process. These studies allowed the initial reactive sticking coefficient of oxygen on Si (111) 7x7 to be measured as a function of surface temperature. In addition, the kinetics of the slow adsorption step were studied on both Si (111)7x7 and porous silicon versus surface temperature.
Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Styrene-Derived Nucleophiles to Imines Enabled by Ligand-Controlled Chemoselective Hydrocupration (2016)

The copper-catalyzed intermolecular enantioselective addition of styrenes to imines has been achieved under mild conditions at ambient temperature. This process features the use of styrenes as latent carbanion equivalents via the intermediacy of catalytically generated benzylcopper derivatives, providing an effective means for accessing highly enantiomerically enriched amines bearing contiguous stereocenters. Mechanistic studies shed light on the origin of the preferential styrene hydrocupration in the presence of an imine with the Ph-BPE-derived copper catalyst.
Intent-driven composition of resource-management SDN applications (2018)

As software-defined networking deployments mature, operators need to manage and compose multiple resource-management applications, such as traffic engineering and service chaining. Today such applications' resource management algorithms run separately and composition approaches are output-driven, e.g., running each application on a statically provisioned slice of the network and then combining the flow rules output for each slice. Such approaches result in inefficient resource utilization and unfairness. Instead, we argue for intent-driven composition, where a unified resource optimization formulation is composed from applications' high-level intents and the solution to this problem formulation is realized in the network. We design Chopin1, an intent-driven framework for composing SDN resource-management applications. Chopin's design addresses key robustness challenges with regard to efficiency and fairness that arise in realizing such an intent-driven approach. We have integrated Chopin with the ONOS controller and show that it substantially improves efficiency and fairness over existing composition approaches.
MICROFABRICATED MAGNETIC POTENTIAL WELL ARRAYS AND MECHATRONIC SYSTEM FOR JOYSTICK-BASED MASSIVELY PARALLEL MANIPULATION OF MAGNETIC PARTICLES (2013)

Cellular processes are controlled by many factors, including the location of signals within the intracellular space. While many micromanipulation technologies used to explore spatial effects on cellular processes have shed light on many biological questions, they face major drawbacks including low throughput due to their serial nature, and limited biocompatibility. To address this need we constructed a massively parallel particle manipulator, based on microscopic amplification of magnetic field gradients, that can maneuver many thousands of micro- or nano- scale superparamagnetic particles with nanometer-scale precision. We are currently developing this tool for studying cell surface reactions in a massively parallel manner.
Syllable language models for Mandarin speech recognition: Exploiting character language models (2013)

Mandarin Chinese is based on characters which are syllabic in nature and morphological in meaning. All spoken languages have syllabiotactic rules which govern the construction of syllables and their allowed sequences. These constraints are not as restrictive as those learned from word sequences, but they can provide additional useful linguistic information. Hence, it is possible to improve speech recognition performance by appropriately combining these two types of constraints. For the Chinese language considered in this paper, character level language models (LMs) can be used as a first level approximation to allowed syllable sequences. To test this idea, word and character level n-gram LMs were trained on 2.8 billion words (equivalent to 4.3 billion characters) of texts from a wide collection of text sources. Both hypothesis and model based combination techniques were investigated to combine word and character level LMs. Significant character error rate reductions up to 7.3% relative were obtained on a state-of-the-art Mandarin Chinese broadcast audio recognition task using an adapted history dependent multi-level LM that performs a log-linearly combination of character and word level LMs. This supports the hypothesis that character or syllable sequence models are useful for improving Mandarin speech recognition performance.
Spontaneous polarization reorientation photorefractive effect in ferroelectric liquid crystals (2002)

The photorefractive effect of a series of low-molecular-weight ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) doped with photoconductive compounds was investigated using two-beam coupling experiments. Asymmetric energy exchange was observed only in the ferroelectric phase, and the refractive phase, and the refractive index formation time was found to be ~30 ms, which is faster than that of nematic photorefractive LCs. These results indicate that the mechanism of the photorefractive effect in FLCs is different from that in nematic LCs. The photorefractivity of a photoconductive polymer and FLC mixture was also investigated, and the effects of temperature, the strength of the applied electric field and spontaneous polarization on the diffraction efficiency were examined.
Global Regulation of Food Supply by P seudomonas p utida DOT-T1E (2010)

Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E was used as a model to develop a "phenomics" platform to investigate the ability of P. putida to grow using different carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur sources and in the presence of stress molecules. Results for growth of wild-type DOT-T1E on 90 different carbon sources revealed the existence of a number of previously uncharted catabolic pathways for compounds such as salicylate, quinate, phenylethanol, gallate, and hexanoate, among others. Subsequent screening on the subset of compounds on which wild-type DOT-TIE could grow with four knockout strains in the global regulatory genes Deltacrc, Deltacrp, DeltacyoB, and DeltaptsN allowed analysis of the global response to nutrient supply and stress. The data revealed that most global regulator mutants could grow in a wide variety of substrates, indicating that metabolic fluxes are physiologically balanced. It was found that the Crc mutant did not differ much from the wild-type regarding the use of carbon sources. However, certain pathways are under the preferential control of one global regulator, i.e., metabolism of succinate and d-fructose is influenced by CyoB, and l-arginine is influenced by PtsN. Other pathways can be influenced by more than one global regulator; i.e., l-valine catabolism can be influenced by CyoB and Crp (cyclic AMP receptor protein) while phenylethylamine is affected by Crp, CyoB, and PtsN. These results emphasize the cross talk required in order to ensure proper growth and survival. With respect to N sources, DOT-T1E can use a wide variety of inorganic and organic nitrogen sources. As with the carbon sources, more than one global regulator affected growth with some nitrogen sources; for instance, growth with nucleotides, dipeptides, d-amino acids, and ethanolamine is influenced by Crp, CyoB, and PtsN. A surprising finding was that the Crp mutant was unable to flourish on ammonium. Results for assayed sulfur sources revealed that CyoB controls multiple points in methionine/cysteine catabolism while PtsN and Crc are needed for N-acetyl-l-cysteamine utilization. Growth of global regulator mutants was also influenced by stressors of different types (antibiotics, oxidative agents, and metals). Overall and in combination with results for growth in the presence of various stressors, these phenomics assays provide multifaceted insights into the complex decision-making process involved in nutrient supply, optimization, and survival.