gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thalidomide Combinations Improve Response Rates; Results from the MRC IX Study. (2007)

Abstract Improving response rates represents an important way to improve PFS and OS in myeloma. In the MRC Myeloma VII study, now with a median follow up of 8 years, we showed the importance of achieving CR. The addition of thalidomide represents a way of increasing response rates. In the MRC Myeloma IX study, which has recruited 1800 patients, in two randomisations embracing younger and older patients, we have compared CTD with MP and CTD + HDM + ASCT with CVAD + HDM + ASCT. In addition to giving insight as to the impact of thalidomide on ORR and CR in both settings, we can assess the effects of HDM + ASCT following CTD induction. We have used a number of techniques to assess response in this study including protein electrophoresis, immunofixation and serum free light chain estimation combined with bone marrow aspiration and trephine assessment. This approach has been supplemented by sensitive multiparameter flow cytometry MRD analysis able to quantitate low levels of residual myeloma plasma cells. In a preliminary analysis, a thalidomide containing combination is associated with improved response rates. Post induction rates are CTD: ORR 95.7%, CR 20.3%; CVAD: ORR 83.4%, CR 11.7% and these differences are maintained at 100 days post HDM, CTD + HDM: ORR 98.7%, CR 58.2%; CVAD + HDM: ORR 95.7, CR 41%, showing that the ORR rate is higher and that the percentage of CR is doubled before HDM and 20% more following the HDM. The depth of CR is also greater in the cases receiving thalidomide. We are updating these results as well as the results from the MP vs CTD comparison and will present these data. There are some discrepancies between each of the disease monitoring approaches and optimally all should be used. At d+100 it is possible to have true CR measured by flow MRD assessment but still have detectable paraprotein. The opposite also occurs: apparent CR by paraprotein estimation with MRD positivity by flow. This has important implications for the definition of remission as well as for the assessment of new treatments and their use. Our findings suggest that thalidomide combinations significantly improve ORR, taking more patients to response levels which render them eligible for HDM + ASCT. CR rates are increased and there is a qualitative difference in the depth of CR obtained. The additive value of HDM + ASCT, even when thalidomide is used initially, is suggested by the further increase in the number of responses above that achieved by CTD alone. We await the follow up of patients entered into this large study to assess whether these increased and enhanced responses translate into improved PFS and OS.
Studies of Chromium Carbide Electrodeposition in Molten Fluorides (1990)

The chemistry and electrochemistry related to the electrodeposition of chromium carbide from fluoride melts has been explored. Plating of chromium metal and chromium carbide was attempted where the source of chromium was varied from chromate to anodized chromium to chromium(II) fluoride. Chromate cannot be reduced up to the cathodic limit of the melt; however, an oxidation was observed via cyclic voltammetry. The oxidation must be coupled with chemical steps since multiple re‐reduction processes occur. Neither chromium metal nor chromium carbides could be obtained when anodized chromium was the source of ionic chromium. The simultaneous reduction of Cr(II), from , and at 850°–900°C leads to chromium carbide formation, although an acid‐base reaction between these two substances somewhat interferes with the process. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to probe the chemical nature and environment of quenched melt samples and of the chromium carbide coatings.
Class II MHC transcriptional mutants are defective in higher order complex formation. (1993)

Human class II MHC genes are regulated in part by a series of conserved upstream sequence elements termed the X1, X2, and Y boxes. Class II MHC transcriptional mutant B cell lines have been defined that differ with regard to the presence of RFX, an X1 box DNA-binding activity. To further characterize these mutant cell lines, we tested the ability of these conserved upstream elements to respond to the presence of known transcriptional activation domains. A series of HLA-DRA promoter reporter constructions carrying Gal4 binding sites and GAL4 fusion protein expression vectors were cotransfected into both wild type B cells and mutant B cells representing the two RFX phenotypes. Regardless of RFX or class II phenotype, the activation domains of GAL4-VP16 and GAL4-E1a could synergistically stimulate expression of constructions containing both the X2 and Y boxes. GAL4-VP16- and GAL4-E1a-mediated expression was inhibited by the presence of the X1 box in cells that contained RFX. In mutant cells that lacked RFX, GAL4-VP16 activation was not inhibited. In the RFX-positive class II mutant cell line RJ2.2.5, the X1 box inhibitory activity could be overcome by separating the Gal4 site from the X1 box by two additional helical turns, suggesting that the RFX factor is bound at the X1 site and sterically interferes with activation. This was not the case in wild type B cells, suggesting that a stable higher order complex forms in wild type cells and not in the mutant cells.
Air-Ground Channel Characterization for Unmanned Aircraft Systems—Part IV: Airframe Shadowing (2017)

Applications of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are expected to expand dramatically in the coming decades. In order to provide safe and reliable links for UAS, NASA Glenn Research Center sponsored a measurement campaign in 2013 to characterize air-ground (AG) channels. In the first three of our AG channel characterization series papers, path loss, small scale fading, stationarity distance, root mean square (RMS) delay spread, spatial correlations, and tapped delay line models were presented for a range of ground site environment. In this paper, we expand the results to a unique and little-studied characteristic of the AG channels-airframe shadowing-for a medium-sized aircraft. Airframe shadowing occurs when the line-of-sight signal is obstructed by the airplane itself in some specific maneuvers. Based on over 200 aircraft wing/engine shadowing events in both C-band (5060 MHz) and L-band (968 MHz) collected in the measurement campaign, shadowing depth, duration, multiple antenna diversity gain, and small scale fading results and their statistics are reported. Algorithms are proposed to simulate a random shadowing event based upon shadowing depth and duration cumulative density functions. Airframe shadowing characteristics are independent of the local ground site conditions and link distance. The shadowing loss is modeled as a function of aircraft roll angle, but shadowing loss and duration are essentially uncorrelated. The maximum shadowing loss measured was over 35 dB and the duration was up to 74 s. As expected, deployment of multiple aircraft antennas is shown helpful to mitigate this shadowing.
Effect of antenatal magnesium sulphate on MRI biomarkers of white matter development at term equivalent age: The MagNUM Study (2022)

This study was funded by a project grant from the Health Research Council of New Zealand (HRC 14/153).
The Role of Building‐Block Metrics in the Halogen‐Bonding‐Driven Self‐Assembly of Calixarenes, Inorganic Salts and Diiodoperfluoroalkanes (2009)

Halogen bonding effectively co-operates with ion-ion interactions in determining the supramolecular structure of three-component heteromeric crystals comprising of calix[4]arenes, inorganic salts and diiodoperfluoroalkanes. The subtle interplay between these two types of interactions, as well as the influence of the valence of the metal ion, the "size" of the calixarene platform and the length of the perfluorocarbon module on the stoichiometry and overall supramolecular organisation of the ternary supramolecular architectures is discussed. The relevance to the overall packing of the size matching between the pitches along the cationic and anionic sub-lattices is also discussed.
Fabrication Conditions for Randomly Microstructured Polymer Optical Fibers (2006)

Microstructured polymer optical fiber was fabricated in which bubbles were randomly distributed in the cladding to both guide and scatter light. The effect of fabrication conditions on the fiber structure and properties is discussed.
Condensation of Self-assembled Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal Sunset Yellow in Aqueous Solutions Crowded with Polyethylene glycol and Doped with Salt (2011)

We use optical and fluorescence microscopy, densitometry, cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), spectroscopy, and synchrotron X-ray scattering, to study the phase behavior of the reversible self-assembled chromonic aggregates of an anionic dye Sunset Yellow (SSY) in aqueous solutions crowded with an electrically neutral polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) and doped with the salt NaCl. PEG causes the isotropic SSY solutions to condense into a liquid-crystalline region with a high concentration of SSY aggregates, coexisting with a PEG-rich isotropic (I) region. PEG added to the homogeneous nematic (N) phase causes separation into the coexisting N and I domains; the SSY concentration in the N domains is higher than the original concentration of PEG-free N phase. Finally, addition of PEG to the highly concentrated homogeneous N phase causes separation into the coexisting columnar hexagonal (C) phase and I phase. This behavior can be qualitatively explained by the depletion (excluded volume) effects that act at two different levels: at the level of aggregate assembly from monomers and short aggregates and at the level of inter-aggregate packing. We also show a strong effect of a monovalent salt NaCl on phase diagrams that is different for high and low concentrations of SSY. Upon the addition of salt, dilute I solutions of SSY show appearance of the condensed N domains, but the highly concentrated C phase transforms into a coexisting I and N domains. We suggest that the salt-induced screening of electric charges at the surface of chromonic aggregates leads to two different effects: (a) increase of the scission energy and the contour length of aggregates, and (b) decrease of the persistence length of SSY aggregates.
Novel Multi-Capacitor Architecture for BST Thin Film Varactors (2011)

Novel Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) thin film varactors with parallel capacitor architecture were designed fabricated and tested. Varactors with 2–6 parallel capacitors were experimentally verified using large area processed bst thin films. The multicapacitor varactor shunt switches provided improved isolation at the expense of higher insertion loss. The multicapacitor varactors yielded reduced overall parasitic series inductance and resistances, resulting in higher quality factor Q. This is the first time such a device is reported.
A General Synthetic Method for the Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes: ( S )‐(+)‐2‐Methylbutanal (2003)

Abstract A General synthetic method for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes: ( S )‐(+)‐2‐methylbutanal reactant: 44.05 g (0.50 mol) of (S)‐(−)‐2‐methyl‐1‐butanol product: (S)‐(+)‐2‐methylbutanal byproduct: (S)‐(+)‐2‐Methylbutanoic acid product: butanal
Designing secondary structures: 5-azidomethyl tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylates as carbohydrate-derived dipeptide isosteres (1999)

The potential of carbohydrate-like tetrahydrofuran frameworks as building blocks with predictable conformational propensities useful in the design and synthesis of novel peptidomimetic materials which adopt well-defined secondary structures is discussed.
Evidence of Emergent Symmetry and Valley Chern Number in Twisted Double-Bilayer Graphene (2020)

Twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG) under a transverse electric field is predicted to exhibit a topological valley Chern number 2 at charge neutrality, protected by an emergent valley symmetry, which can manifest in the Hofstadter spectra. Here, we report the experimental observation of a universal closing of the charge neutrality gap of TDBG at 1=2 magnetic flux per unit cell, which is in agreement with theoretical predictions for a valley Chern number 2 gap, and provides evidence for both the emergent symmetry and valley Chern bands. Furthermore, our theoretical analysis of the interaction effect and experimental data shows that the interaction energy is larger than the flat-band bandwidth in TDBG near 1 degree, but does not alter the emergent valley symmetry and the single-particle band topology.
Polymerization of propene with the XTiCl3/MgCl2‐Al(i‐Bu)3 catalyst system (X = cyclopentadienyl, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, indenyl, and heptamethylindenyl) in the absence and presence of a lewis base (1997)

Several kinds of MgCl2-supported half titanocene (XTiCl3; X = cyclopentadienyl, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, indenyl, and heptamethylindenyl) catalysts were prepared and applied to propene polymerization using Al(i-Bu)3a as cocatalyst. It was confirmed from the catalyst analysis that the ligand (X) is attached to titanium even after the reaction with Al(i-Bu)3. When polymerization was conducted without any external donor, those catalysts predominantly gave atactic PP. However, addition of a suitable monofunctional Lewis base like ethylbenzoate caused to change the stereospecificity of polymer from aspecific into highly isospecific. On the other hand, the use of a bifunctional donor like di-n-butylphthalate killed the activity almost completely. The isotactic PP was found to have a microstructure similar to that obtained with metallocene catalysts. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrasonically assisted electrospray ionization for LC/MS determination of nucleosides from a transfer RNA digest (1994)

The use of an ultrasonic nebulizer to assist electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has been described and demonstrated with the analysis of a transfer RNA digest by microcolumn LC. The restricted range of mobile-phase compositions amenable to the electrospray process has traditionally placed a severe limitation on the types of LC applications that can be used with ESI-MS. For this reason, an ultrasonic nebulizer configured for LC has been developed that can generate the fine dispersion of liquid required for ESI-MS from any type of mobile phase. In the case presented here, a transfer RNA was enzymatically digested into its substituent nucleosides, which were then analyzed by microcolumn LC. The required mobile-phase gradient (beginning at 5% methanol) falls outside the solvent range that can be used with conventional electrospray. The ultrasonic nebulizer, however, resolves this problem. The fundamental behavior of the four most common nucleosides (cytidine, adenosine, guanosine, uridine) was studied, and conclusions concerning the effects of solution chemistry were drawn. Specifically, signal from the H+ adducts of these species seems to be strongly dependent on the pKa value. Also, effects from several source operating variables were examined. These included capillary exit voltage, drying and focusing gases, and nebulizer frequency. Performance was found to be consistent over a wide range (0-100% methanol) of mobile-phase compositions. The limit of detection for adenosine injected onto a microcolumn was found to be 100 amol. Finally, nucleosides from as little as 150 fmol of RNA (amount prior to digestion) could be detected.
1.6 GHz &#x2013; 3 GHz, 10W, 60% efficiency class-J PA for cognitive radio applications (2013)

This paper presents the design of a broadband, 1.6-3 GHz, 10 W class-J power amplifier (PA). Analytical expressions of theoretical current and voltage waveforms as well as the fundamental and second harmonic impedance derivations are provided. Taking into account the extrinsic parasitic elements and the nonlinear drain-source capacitance of the packaged RF power transistor, an external output matching network is designed to provide the proper impedances on the design space to the transistor current source plane. Source-pulling of the transistor led to the design a broadband input matching network. The designed amplifier exhibits greater than 60% efficiency and almost 40 dBm output power over 1.4 GHz frequency bandwidth.
Sugar and abscisic acid signaling orthologs are activated at the onset of ripening in grape (2010)

The onset of ripening involves changes in sugar metabolism, softening, and color development. Most understanding of this process arises from work in climacteric fruits where the control of ripening is predominately by ethylene. However, many fruits such as grape are nonclimacteric, where the onset of ripening results from the integration of multiple hormone signals including sugars and abscisic acid (ABA). In this study, we identified ten orthologous gene families in Vitis vinifera containing components of sugar and ABA-signaling pathways elucidated in model systems, including PP2C protein phosphatases, and WRKY and homeobox transcription factors. Gene expression was characterized in control- and deficit-irrigated, field-grown Cabernet Sauvignon. Sixty-seven orthologous genes were identified, and 38 of these were expressed in berries. Of the genes expressed in berries, 68% were differentially expressed across development and/or in response to water deficit. Orthologs of several families were induced at the onset of ripening, and induced earlier and to higher levels in response to water deficit; patterns of expression that correlate with sugar and ABA accumulation during ripening. Similar to field-grown berries, ripening phenomena were induced in immature berries when cultured with sucrose and ABA, as evidenced by changes in color, softening, and gene expression. Finally, exogenous sucrose and ABA regulated key orthologs in culture, similar to their regulation in the field. This study identifies novel candidates in the control of nonclimacteric fruit ripening and demonstrates that grape orthologs of key sugar and ABA-signaling components are regulated by sugar and ABA in fleshy fruit.
56.2: Invited Paper : Progress in Color Rendition Measures for Lighting (2015)

We discuss a method to evaluate the color rendition of light sources, which improves upon the well‐known Color Rendering Index. The method combines two measures (for color fidelity and gamut), and employs an optimized set of reflectance test samples. It is proposed as the basis for the upcoming IES Color Rendition Measure, and is proposed for consideration with the CIE.
Phase I Study of a Neutralizing Monoclonal Anti-CTLA4 Antibody (MDX-010) in Patients with Relapse of Malignancy after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. (2005)

Abstract Relapse of malignancy is an important cause of treatment failure after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Malignant cells may evade adoptive immunotherapy post allo-HCT by mechanisms including lack of co-stimulation and direct or indirect inhibition of T-cell activation. CTLA-4 is a homologue of CD28 which functions as a negative regulator of T-cell activation. Blockade of CTLA-4 using neutralizing antibodies has demonstrated potent anti-cancer effects in animal models. Phase I/II clinical trials of CTLA-4 blockade in advanced tumors have demonstrated durable tumor regressions as well as immune breakthrough phenomena. Although CTLA-4 blockade may augment graft-versus-malignancy following allo-HCT, GVHD and other immune complications may also be increased. We report the results of a phase I dose-escalation trial of a neutralizing human monoclonal anti-CTLA-4 antibody (MDX-010) in patients with relapse of malignancy following allo-HCT. Eligibility criteria included allo-HCT ≥90 days previously, &gt; 50% donor T-cell chimerism, no prior grade 3/4 GVHD, no prophylaxis/therapy for GVHD for ≥ 6 weeks. Patients received a single dose of MDX-010 over 90 min. DLI at a dose of 5 x 10e6 CD3 cells/kg was allowed 8 weeks following MDX-010 if no GVHD occurred and progression of malignancy (PD) was present. Twelve patients (8M, 4F; median age 45; CML=2, CLL=1, AML=1, Hodgkins disease [HD] =3 Myeloma [MM]=3, Renal Ca =1, Breast Ca=1) have been treated (4 at dose-level 0.1 mg/kg, 3 at 0.33 mg/kg, 4 at 0.66 mg/kg and 1 at 1.0 mg/kg). Median time between BMT and MDX-010 infusion was 10.3 months (4–79). Four patients received additional DLI. MDX-010 was well tolerated in this setting. No infusional toxicity was seen. No patient has developed clinically significant GVHD following MDX-010 alone. One patient developed grade II acute GVHD of the skin 12 weeks following DLI. Two possible immune breakthrough events were documented: grade 3 polyarthropathy 14 weeks following MDX-010, but also 6 weeks post DLI, which resolved with corticosteroid therapy, (AML, dose 0.1mg/kg, RhF+ pre-MDX-010); grade 1 chemical hyperthyroidism with thyroid-stimulating antibody 6 weeks post MDX-010 (CLL, 0.66 mg/kg). Three patients have demonstrated possible anti-cancer responses following MDX-010 alone (partial remission of AML refractory to prior therapies at 0.1 mg/kg dose, molecular remission of CML maintained off imatinib at 0.1 mg/kg dose, stabilization of previously progressive MM (0.33mg/kg) and one patient developed regression of malignancy (HD) following additional DLI (0.66mg/kg). With a median follow-up of 195d (lead f/u 570d) from MDX-010 infusion three patients have died (PD), 8 are alive and 1 is in CR and 1 is in PR. Pharmacokinetic and correlative science data will be presented. This study shows tolerability with possible anti-tumor effects at the dose levels
Heterocyclic π-Donors, Macrocycles and Cage Molecules (1993)

Abstract π-Donors based on TIT-units have been intensively studied due to their potential use in conducting molecular materials. It therefore appeared of interest to use the readily avaible dithiolate (1) for the syntheses of macrocycles, exemplified by (3) and (4) and the lTF-cage molecules (5) - (7) obtained by intramolecular coupling[1]:
Hydrodynamic effects on the translocation rate of a polymer through a pore (2009)

The translocation of large DNA molecules through narrow pores has been examined in the context of multiscale simulations that include a full coupling of fluctuating hydrodynamic interactions, boundary effects, and molecular conformation. The actual rate constants for this process are determined for the first time, and it is shown that hydrodynamic interactions can lead to translocation rates that vary by multiple orders of magnitude when molecular weights are only changed by a factor of 10, in stark contrast to predictions from widely used free draining calculations.
Electrically Reconfigurable Nonvolatile Metasurface Using Optical Phase Change Materials (2019)

We report what we believe to be the first electrically reconfigurable metasurface based on chalcogenide phase change materials. Multi-cycle reversible switching was realized using on-chip micro-heaters. Quasi-continuous resonance tuning over half an octave were demonstrated. ©2019 The Author(s)