gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The UCLA/FNPL Time Resolved Underdense Plasma Lens Experiment (2006)

A gaussian underdense plasma lens with peak density 5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> and a full width half maximum (FWHM) length of 2.2 cm has been used to focus a relativistic electron beam. This plasma lens has a focusing strength equivalent to a quadrupole magnet with a 150 T/m field gradient. The lens focused a 15 MeV, 16 nC electron beam with initial dimensions σ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> = 500 μm and σ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</inf> = 5 mm onto an optical transition radiation (OTR) screen 2 cm downstream of the lens. The average transverse area of the plasma focused electron beam was typically demagnified by a factor of 22. The light from the OTR screen was imaged into a streak camera in order to directly measure the correlation between z and σ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> within the beam.
Triplex Formation at Physiological pH by 5-Me-dC-N4-(Spermine) [X] Oligodeoxynucleotides: Non Protonation of N3 in X of X*G:C Triad and Effect of Base Mismatch/Ionic Strength on Triplex Stabilities (1996)

Oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) directed triplex formation has therapeutic importance and depends on Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds between a duplex DNA and a third DNA strand. T*A:T triplets are formed at neutral pH and C+*G:C are favoured at acidic pH. It is demonstrated that spermine conjugation at N4 of 5-Me-dC in ODNs 1-5 (sp-ODNs) imparts zwitterionic character, thus reducing the net negative charge of ODNs 1-5. sp-ODNs form triplexes with complementary 24mer duplex 8:9 show foremost stability at neutral pH 7.3 and decrease in stability towards lower pH, unlike the normal ODNs where optimal stability is found at an acidic pH 5.5. At pH 7.3, control ODNs 6 and 7 carrying dC or 5-Me-dC, respectively, do not show any triple helix formation. The stability order of triplex containing 5-Me-dC-N4-(spermine) with normal and mismatched duplex was found to be X*G:C approximately X*A:T > X*C:G > X*T:A. The hysteresis curve of sp-ODN triplex 3*8:9 indicated a better association with complementary duplex 8:9 as compared to unmodified ODN 6 in triplex 6*8:9. pH-dependent UV difference spectra suggest that N3 protonation is not a requirement for triplex formation by sp-ODN and interstrand interaction of conjugated spermine more than compensates for loss in stability due to absence of a single Hoogsteen hydrogen bond. These results may have importance in designing oligonucleotides for antigene applications.
Speeding up graph-based SLAM algorithm: A GPU-based heterogeneous architecture study (2015)

In this paper we present a study of using an heterogeneous architecture to implement the graph-based SLAM algorithm. The study aims to investigate the performances of an ARM-GPU based architecture by offloading some critical compute-intensive tasks of the algorithm to the integrated GPU.
Application of the least square method for transformation optics (2014)

In this work the least squares method is used to reduce the anisotropy in transformation optics. To apply the least squares method we added power series on the coordinate transformation functions whose coefficients were calculated to reduce the deviations in Cauchy-Riemann equations. This technique does not violate boundary conditions necessary to avoid reflections on the borders and the functionality of the obtained optical medium. A mathematical treatment for the application of transformation optics in waveguides is also presented. The technique was applied for coordinate transformation in a planar waveguide to modify electromagnetic wave trajectory. The technique was effective to reduce the anisotropy to a value close to zero.
Display of virtual braille dots by lateral skin deformation: feasibility study (2005)

When a progressive wave of localized deformations occurs tangentially on the fingerpad skin, one typically experiences the illusion of a small object sliding on it. This effect was investigated because of its potential application to the display of Braille. A device was constructed that could produce such deformation patterns along a line. Blind subjects' ability to read truncated Braille characters (‘○○’, ‘○•’, ‘•○’, and ‘••’) using the device was experimentally tested and compared to their performance with a conventional Braille medium. While subjects could identify two-character strings with a high rate of success, several factors need to be addressed before a display based on this principle can become practical.
Synthesis of triethoxysilylated cyclen derivatives, grafting on magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles and application to metal ion adsorption (2021)

The synthesis through click chemistry of triethoxysilylated cyclen derivative-based ligands is described. Different methods were used such as the copper catalyzed Huisgen's reaction, or thiol-ene reaction for the functionalization of the cyclen scaffold with azidopropyltriethoxysilane or mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, respectively. These ligands were then grafted on magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MMSN) for extraction and separation of Ni(ii) and Co(ii) metal ions from model solutions. The bare and ligand-modified MMSN materials revealed high adsorption capacity (1.0-2.13 mmol g<sup>-1</sup>) and quick adsorption kinetics, achieving over 80% of the total capacity in 1-2 hours.
Quasiliving Carbocationic Polymerization. XIII. Polymerization of 2,4,6-Trimethylstyrene (1984)

Abstract The polymerization of 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene (vinyl mesitylene) has been investigated, and quasiliving polymerizations have been achieved under a comfortably wide experimental condition range. This monomer is particularly suitable for quasiliving polymerizations because the methyl groups in the 2 and 6 positions prevent chain transfer to monomer involving indanyl-skeleton formation. Quasiliving polymerizations readily occurred by the use of cumyl chloride/TiCl4 or BCl3 initiating systems in various n-C6H14/CH2Cl2 mixtures at -50°C. Because indanyl-skeleton formation is impossible, the rate of monomer addition can be safely decreased to very low values without risking chain transfer by intramolecular alkylation.
Direct photocatalytic fluorination of benzylic C–H bonds with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (2015)

The late-stage fluorination of common synthetic building blocks and drug leads is an appealing reaction for medicinal chemistry. In particular, fluorination of benzylic C-H bonds provides a means to attenuate drug metabolism at this metabolically labile position. Here we report two complimentary strategies for the direct fluorination of benzylic C-H bonds using N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide and either a decatungstate photocatalyst or AIBN-initiation.
Atypical methylmalonic aciduria with progressive encephalopathy, microcephaly and cataract in two siblings — a new recessive syndrome? (1995)

Two siblings with atypical methylmalonic aciduria and progressive encephalopathy are reported. Initial symptoms were failure to thrive and growth retardation from the first year of life, progressing to severe mental retardation, microcephaly, dystonia, spasticity and cataracts. The amount of methylmalonic acid excreted in the urine was substantially lower than in classical methylmalonic acidemia and was not reduced by vitamin B12 therapy. The activity of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and the overall assay of propionic acid metabolism in cultured fibroblasts were normal. The primary defect in this probably new autosomal recessive disorder associated with methylmalonic aciduria is currently not known.
Why are you Silent? - Towards Responsiveness in Chatbots (2013)

In this position paper we consider temporal phenomena in interaction with text-based conversational agents. In particular, we focus on two dimensions of time in instant messaging dialogues: responsiveness as a measure for interaction placed in time, and interaction management performed by interaction participants caused by partner’s exceeding of the maximum expected responsiveness. Author Keywords
COTORRA (2021)

Edge computing have received considerable attention as a promising candidate for the evolution of robotic systems. In this work, we propose COTORRA, an Edge driven robotic testbed that combines context information with robot sensor data to validate innovative concepts for robotic systems prior to being applied in a production environment. We have tested COTORRA in a controlled university environment as an easy applicable, serverless, and modular testbed on top of commodity network infrastructure. COTORRA supports pluggable robotic applications. To verify its feasibility and assess its performance, we ran a set of experiments that show how autonomous navigation applications can achieve target latencies bellow 15 ms, and perform an inter-domain Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) federation within 19 seconds.
Let-7d microRNA affects mesenchymal phenotypic properties of lung fibroblasts (2014)

MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that inhibit protein expression. We have previously shown that the inhibition of the microRNA let-7d in epithelial cells caused changes consistent with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to determine whether the introduction of let-7d into fibroblasts alters their mesenchymal properties. Transfection of primary fibroblasts with let-7d caused a decrease in expression of the mesenchymal markers α-smooth muscle actin, N-cadherin, fibroblast-specific protein-1, and fibronectin, as well as an increase in the epithelial markers tight junction protein-1 and keratin 19. Phenotypic changes were also present, including a delay in wound healing, reduced motility, and proliferation of fibroblasts following transfection. In addition, we examined the effects of transfection on fibroblast responsiveness to TGF-β, an important factor in many fibrotic processes such as lung fibrosis and found that let-7d transfection significantly attenuated high-mobility group-A2 protein induction by TGF-β. Our results indicate that administration of the epithelial microRNA let-7d can significantly alter the phenotype of primary fibroblasts.
Induced radioactivity of a GSO scintillator by secondary fragments in carbon ion therapy and its effects on in-beam OpenPET imaging (2016)

The accumulation of induced radioactivity within in-beam PET scanner scintillators is of concern for its long-term clinical usage in particle therapy. To estimate the effects on OpenPET which we are developing for in-beam PET based on GSOZ (Zi doped Gd2SiO5), we measured the induced radioactivity of GSO activated by secondary fragments in a water phantom irradiation by a (12)C beam with an energy of 290 MeV u(-1). Radioisotopes of Na, Ce, Eu, Gd, Nd, Pm and Tb including positron emitters were observed in the gamma ray spectra of the activated GSO with a high purity Ge detector and their absolute radioactivities were calculated. We used the Monte Carlo simulation platform, Geant4 in which the observed radioactivity was assigned to the scintillators of a precisely reproduced OpenPET and the single and coincidence rates immediately after one treatment and after one-year usage were estimated for the most severe conditions. Comparing the highest coincidence rate originating from the activated scintillators (background) and the expected coincidence rate from an imaging object (signal), we determined the expected signal-to-noise ratio to be more than 7 within 3 min and more than 10 within 1 min from the scan start time. We concluded the effects of scintillator activation and their accumulation on the OpenPET imaging were small and clinical long-term usage of the OpenPET was feasible.
Mitochondrial proton leak kinetics and relationship with feed efficiency within a single genetic line of male broilers (2009)

Studies were conducted to assess proton leak kinetics (proton conductance) in breast muscle mitochondria isolated from broiler breeder males within a single genetic line exhibiting either high (HFE) or low (LFE) feed efficiency. Proton leak kinetics were determined by simultaneously measuring mitochondrial membrane potential and state 2 (resting) respiration rate in breast muscle mitochondria as succinate oxidation was progressively decreased by malonate. Control proton conductance was similar in HFE and LFE mitochondria and decreased to a similar extent in both groups in response to BSA. Although treatment of mitochondria with Glu or guanosine diphosphate had no effect, retinal increased and carboxyatractylate alone or in combination with Glu decreased proton conductance relative to control proton conductance in both HFE and LFE mitochondria. After treatment with either guanosine diphosphate or carboxyatractylate alone, proton conductance was lower in HFE compared with LFE mitochondria. With the exception of BSA, proton conductance in HFE mitochondria after the various chemical treatments was either less than or equal to, and never greater than, proton conductance in the LFE mitochondria. The results suggest that there are subtle differences in membrane characteristics (e.g., lipids, integral membrane proteins) that affect proton conductance in broiler muscle mitochondria that may in turn play a role in the phenotypic expression of feed efficiency.
Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines (2018)

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.
Synthesis, structure, and reactions of a zirconocene-cyclohexyne complex (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, structure, and reactions of a zirconocene-cyclohexyne complexStephen L. Buchwald, Robert T. Lum, and John C. DewanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 23, 7441–7442Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00283a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00283a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views633Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF ENERGY FLOW—RECENT FIELD EXPERIENCE (2003)

The Gas Research Institute has been sponsoring the development of a new approach for measuring the energy delivered from a pipeline or distribution system. The heart of the method is an energy flowmeter that measures directly the Btu/Hr of gas flowing down a pipeline. A field test is being established with several participants to evaluate different approaches to calibrating the energy flowmeter components. The other method uses an orifice meter and calorimeter to provide inputs to a flow computer that calculates the energy flow. The sample flow which is split off from the main stream is burned in the second component of the energy flowmeter. The corrected volumetric flow was multiplied by calorific value to obtain the energy flow. The accuracy of the energy flowmeter will be limited by the accuracy of the calibration.
Cosuppression of the a Subunits of b-Conglycinin in Transgenic Soybean Seeds Induces the Formation of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Derived Protein Bodies (2001)

Anthony J. Kinney, Rudolf Jung, Eliot M. Herman, Cosuppression of the α Subunits of β-Conglycinin in Transgenic Soybean Seeds Induces the Formation of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Derived Protein Bodies, The Plant Cell, Vol. 13, No. 5 (May, 2001), pp. 1165-1178
A workstation environment for assessing relay performance (2002)

The authors describe an offline simulation facility for assessing the transient performance of relays. The facility is based on a user-friendly workstation environment whereby input and output information is presented in graphical form, making it easy for the nonexpert to use sophisticated simulation tools to solve problems relevant to choosing and setting relays. This greatly reduces the turnaround time in making design decisions and enhances appreciation of the capability and limitations of the elements in a protection system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Prevention of Capsular Contracture with Photochemical Tissue Passivation (2013)

Photochemical tissue passivation significantly decreased both capsule thickness and smooth muscle actin deposition. It is a promising technique for preventing capsular contracture that can be performed at the time of initial surgery without a significant increase in procedure time.
Pancreatic Fat Is Associated With Metabolic Syndrome and Visceral Fat but Not Beta-Cell Function or Body Mass Index in Pediatric Obesity (2016)

In adolescents with obesity, PFF is elevated and associated to MetS, fasting glucose, and visceral adipose tissue but not to beta-cell function, glucose tolerance, or BMI-SDS. This study demonstrates that conclusions regarding PFF and its associations depend on the body mass features of the cohort.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON CORRINEN UND VERWANDTEN VERBINDUNGEN 1. MITT. ALLGEMEINE EINFUEHRUNG UND MODELLSTUDIEN (1972)

Abstract Die Synthese des Pyrrolidins (III), Modell eines Teiles des Corrin‐Systems, kann durch Cycloaddition von Phenylacetylen an das Nitriloxid (I) [in situ aus 5‐Nitro‐4,4‐dimethyl‐pentanon‐(2) und POCl 3 in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin dargestellt] in siedendem Chloroform erfolgen; das entstehende Isoxazol (II) (Ausbeute 15%) geht bei der Hydrierung an Pd in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin in Äthylacetat über die Stufe eines vinylogen Säureamids in das Pyrrolidin (III) über.
Auto-Tandem Catalytic Reductive Hydroformylation in a CO2-Switchable Solvent System (2022)

Upgradation of olefin-enriched Fischer-Tropsch cuts by the synthesis of alcohols leads to drop-in-capable biosynthetic fuels with low carbon emissions. As an alternative to the conventional two-step production of long-chain alcohols, tandem catalytic systems improve the energy and resource efficiency. Herein, we present an auto-tandem catalytic system for the production of alcohols from olefin-paraffin mixtures. By utilization of a tertiary alkanolamine as the ligand as well as the switchable component in the solvent system, a lean reaction system capable of catalyst recycling was developed. The system was characterized with regard to the switchable solvent separation approach and reaction parameters, resulting in alcohol yields of up to 99.5% and turnover frequencies of up to 764 h<sup>-1</sup>. By recycling the catalyst in 10 consecutive reactions, a total turnover number of 2810 was achieved.