gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Personalized Speech recognition on mobile devices (2016)

We describe a large vocabulary speech recognition system that is accurate, has low latency, and yet has a small enough memory and computational footprint to run faster than real-time on a Nexus 5 Android smartphone. We employ a quantized Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) acoustic model trained with connectionist temporal classification (CTC) to directly predict phoneme targets, and further reduce its memory footprint using an SVD-based compression scheme. Additionally, we minimize our memory footprint by using a single language model for both dictation and voice command domains, constructed using Bayesian interpolation. Finally, in order to properly handle device-specific information, such as proper names and other context-dependent information, we inject vocabulary items into the decoder graph and bias the language model on-the-fly. Our system achieves 13.5% word error rate on an open-ended dictation task, running with a median speed that is seven times faster than real-time.
A new class of evanescent-mode waveguide filters (2002)

A design procedure is presented, for an original structure of evanescent-mode rectangular waveguide filters. The structure is composed of waveguides with dielectric inserts at various points along the guide. The filter responses offer a close approximation to corresponding lumped prototype models, for bandwidths up to 5%.
Light-initiated redox reactions in functional micellar assemblies. 2. Dynamics in europium(III) surfactant solutions (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLight-initiated redox reactions in functional micellar assemblies. 2. Dynamics in europium(III) surfactant solutionsYoshikiyo Moroi, Pierre P. Infelta, and Michael GraetzelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 3, 573–579Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00497a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00497a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cardioplegia strategies (2021)

There are many cardioplegic strategies for coronary surgery. The goal is a dry operative field while maximizing myocardial recovery. Prospective randomized clinical trials have historically been difficult to achieve because of confounding variables such as solution used, route of administration, temperature, and so forth. This chapter describes an ‘integrated method’ of cardioplegia, so named because it combines many of the salient feature of various methods. It is designed to provide the maximum metabolic support of the myocardium during each phase of the operation. A vast literature from the laboratory to the bedside supports its use. Perhaps most importantly, integrated cardioplegia provides excellent protection of the septum and avoids paradoxical septal motion that may be a form of myocardial injury which is common with other methods of myocardial protection. Any future evaluation of cardioplegia methods should include not only survival but enzyme release and echocardiographic measurements of septal function.
Transcription Factor Networks in Leaves of Cichorium endivia: New Insights into the Relationship between Photosynthesis and Leaf Development (2019)

<i>Cichorium endivia</i> is a leafy crop closely related to <i>Lactuca sativa</i> that comprises two major botanical varieties characterized by a high degree of intraspecific morphological variation: var. <i>latifolium</i> with broad leaves (escarole) and var. <i>crispum</i> with narrow crisp curly leaves (endive). To investigate the relationship between leaf morphology and photosynthetic activity, escaroles and endives were used as a crop model due to the striking morphological diversity of their leaves. We constructed a leaf database for transcription factors (TFs) and photosynthesis-related genes from a refined <i>C. endivia</i> transcriptome and used RNA-seq transcriptomic data from leaves of four commercial endive and escarole cultivars to explore transcription factor regulatory networks. Cluster and gene co-expression network (GCN) analyses identified two main anticorrelated modules that control photosynthesis. Analysis of the GCN network topological properties identified known and novel hub genes controlling photosynthesis, and candidate developmental genes at the boundaries between shape and function. Differential expression analysis between broad and curly leaves suggested three novel TFs putatively involved in leaf shape diversity. Physiological analysis of the photosynthesis properties and gene expression studies on broad and curly leaves provided new insights into the relationship between leaf shape and function.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains of subtypes B and E replicate in cutaneous dendritic cell-T-cell mixtures without displaying subtype-specific tropism (1997)

A report that genetic subtype E human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains display a preferential tropism for Langerhans cells (epidermal dendritic cells [DCs]) compared to genetic subtype B strains suggested a possible explanation for the rapid heterosexual spread of subtype E strains in Thailand (L. E. Soto-Ramirez et al., Science 271:1291-1293, 1996). In an independent system, we applied subtype E and B isolates to skin leukocytes, since skin is a relevant model for the histologically comparable surfaces of the vagina and ectocervix. Isolates of both HIV-1 subtypes infected DC-T-cell mixtures, and no subtype-specific pattern of infection was observed. Purified DCs did not support the replication of strains of either subtype B or E. Our findings do not support the conclusion that subtype E strains have a preferential tropism for DCs, suggesting that other explanations for the rapid heterosexual spread of subtype E strains in Asia should be considered.
Basis pursuit for spectrum cartography (2011)

A nonparametric version of the basis pursuit method is developed for field estimation. The underlying model entails known bases, weighted by generic functions to be estimated from the field's noisy samples. A novel field estimator is developed based on a regularized variational least-squares (LS) criterion that yields estimates spanned by thin-plate splines. Robustness considerations motivate well the adoption of an overcomplete set of basis functions, together with a sparsity-promoting regularization term, which endows the estimator with the ability to select a few of these bases that "better" explain the data. This parsimonious field representation becomes possible because the sparsity-aware spline-based method of this paper induces a group-Lasso estimator of the thin-plate spline basis expansion coefficients. The novel spline-based approach to basis pursuit is motivated by a spectrum cartography application, in which a set of sensing cognitive radios collaborate to estimate the distribution of RF power in space and frequency. Simulated tests corroborate that the estimated power spectrum density atlas yields the desired RF state awareness, since the maps reveal spatial locations where idle frequency bands can be reused for transmission, even when fading and shadowing effects are pronounced.
Quelle est la couleur de l’or ? (2020)

A priori, la question peut surprendre ; son reflet doré est si caractéristique. Pourtant, ce métal précieux peut diffuser une réponse chromatique variée si on l’observe sous une forme nano-structurée. Mieux, si on l’éclaire avec une impulsion lumineuse ultra-brève, l’or génère une variété de phénomènes non-linéaires qui enrichissent spectralement la palette de longueurs d’onde émise par le métal.
Characterization and evaluation of lactic acid bacteria candidates for intestinal epithelial permeability and Salmonella Typhimurium colonization in neonatal turkey poults (2017)

The present study evaluated the microbiological properties of three probiotic candidate strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (128; 131; CE11_2), their effect on intestinal epithelial permeability, and their ability to reduce intestinal colonization of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) individually or as a batch culture in neonatal turkey poults. Isolates were characterized morphologically and identified using 16S rRNA sequence analyses. Each isolate was evaluated for tolerance and resistance to acidic pH, high osmotic NaCl concentrations, and bile salts in broth medium. In vitro assessment of antimicrobial activity against different enteropathogenic bacteria was determined using an overlay technique. In vitro intestinal permeability was evaluated using a stressed Caco-2 cell culture assay treated with/without the probiotic candidates. The in vivo effect of the selected LAB strains on ST cecal colonization was determined in two independent trials with neonatal turkey poults. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the tolerance of LAB candidates to pH 3, a NaCl concentration of 6.5%, and high bile salts (0.6%). All strains evaluated exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against Salmonella Enteritidis, ST, and Campylobacter jejuni. Candidates 128 and 131 exhibited a coccus morphology and were identified as Enterococcus faecium, and bacterial strain CE11_2 exhibited clusters of cocci-shaped cells and was identified as Pediococcus parvulus. All three candidate probiotics significantly (P < 0.05) increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in Caco-2 cells following a 3-h incubation period with hydrogen peroxide compared to control and blank groups. The combination of all three candidates as a batch culture exhibited significant efficacy in controlling intestinal colonization of ST in neonatal turkey poults. Evaluation of the combination of these selected LAB strains according to performance and intestinal health parameters of chickens and turkeys are currently in process.
<title>High-power characteristics of ultrawideband surface-normal photodetectors</title> (1996)

We studied ultrafast transport dynamics of ultrawide-band surface-normal p-i-n photodetectors under high illumination and high field using electro-optic sampling techniques. Under reverse bias and high illumination, saturation nonlinearities are dominated by the collapse of the electric field from space charge screening. A transient forward external current is observed with a duration less than 4 ps. The external bias required to compensate these saturation effects increases with increased illumination.
Intestinal Epithelial Cells Express Immunomodulatory ISG15 During Active Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease (2020)

Abstract Background and Aims Intestinal epithelial cells [IECs] secrete cytokines that recruit immune cells to the mucosa and regulate immune responses that drive inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. However, experiments in patient-derived IEC models are still scarce. Here, we aimed to investigate how innate immunity and IEC-specific pattern recognition receptor [PRR] signalling can be involved in an enhanced type I interferon [IFN] gene signature observed in colon epithelium of patients with active IBD, with a special focus on secreted ubiquitin-like protein ISG15. Methods Gene and protein expression in whole mucosa biopsies and in microdissected human colonic epithelial lining, in HT29 human intestinal epithelial cells and primary 3D colonoids treated with PRR-ligands and cytokines, were detected by transcriptomics, in situ hybridisation, immunohistochemistry, western blots, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. Effects of IEC-secreted cytokines were examined in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs] by multiplex chemokine profiling and ELISA. Results The type I IFN gene signature in human mucosal biopsies was mimicked in Toll-like receptor TLR3 and to some extent tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-treated human IECs. In intestinal biopsies, ISG15 expression correlated with expression of the newly identified receptor for extracellular ISG15, LFA-1 integrin. ISG15 was expressed and secreted from HT29 cells and primary 3D colonoids through both JAK1-pSTAT-IRF9-dependent and independent pathways. In experiments using PBMCs, we show that ISG15 releases IBD-relevant proinflammatory cytokines such as CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, CCL20, IL1, IL6, TNF, and IFNγ. Conclusions ISG15 is secreted from primary IECs upon extracellular stimulation, and mucosal ISG15 emerges as an intriguing candidate for immunotherapy in IBD.
Phase 1 first-in-human study of dalutrafusp alfa, an anti–CD73-TGF-β-trap bifunctional antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors (2023)

Dalutrafusp alfa doses up to 45 mg/kg Q2W were well tolerated in patients with advanced solid tumors. Additional evaluation of dalutrafusp alfa could further elucidate the clinical utility of targeting CD73-adenosine and TGF-β pathways in oncology.
Two-dimensional detection of ultraweak bioluminescence using a single-photon image acquisition system (1987)

Ultraweak light emission phenomena of various living organisms and tissues are now attracting a great deal of interest. However, an adequate means of obtaining information about the distribution of such ultraweak bioluminescence within a specimen is lacking. We are currently investigating an improved ultraweak photon imaging system for this purpose. Earlier low-intensity light imaging systems have relied on the vidicon. A recently developed system (PIAS, Hamamatsu Photonics) employing a position sensitive detector in conjunction with a microchannel plate produces lower noise and significantly increased resolution.
Target-Specific Factors Regulate the Formation of Glutamatergic Transmitter Release Sites in Cultured Neocortical Neurons (1999)

Synapse formation in the mammalian CNS is thought to involve specific target recognition processes between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons leading to the establishment of defined neuronal circuits. To study the role of target neuron-specific factors in synaptogenesis, we used cocultures of presynaptic explants and dissociated target neurons from rat neocortex, which enabled us to selectively vary the postsynaptic target neurons. Cocultures containing target neurons that were obtained early during development [embryonic day 16 (E16)] were compared to cocultures containing target neurons that were obtained at a later embryonic stage (E19). Postsynaptic currents (PSCs) were evoked in target neurons by maximal extracellular stimulation in the presynaptic explant. The mean amplitudes of AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated PSCs were sixfold reduced in E16 target neurons, whereas the mean amplitudes of GABA(A) receptor-mediated PSCs did not differ between E16 and E19 target neurons. This reduction was in part caused by an apparently twofold reduction in mean quantal amplitude, as shown by recording AMPA receptor-mediated miniature PSCs. In addition, a reduced number of glutamatergic release sites in E16 target neurons was revealed by synapsin I immunostaining of dendritic presynaptic terminals. No differences in mean release probability were observed between E16 and E19 target neurons. Thus, the formation of glutamatergic transmitter release sites was strongly influenced by target neuron-specific factors. The formation of functional GABAergic synapses, however, was independent of the type of target neurons, suggesting specific retrograde signaling during the establishment of glutamatergic synapses.
No-waste-measurement Method with a LSC: Effects of Surface Treatment for Plastic Scintillator (2015)

Plastic scintillator (PS) sheets were treated with dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD) or by fluorine gas (F-gas) to become its surface hydrophilicity. A hydrophobic PS-sheet changed by these treatments and contact area of sample solution became wide, so measurement efficiency of beta-rays became higher than before treatment. Surface treatment was effective, especially for low energy beta-rays. Average measurement efficiency was approx. 35% for 5 μL tritium samples with 1 min. plasma treatment, and count rate showed good linearity with activity (Bq) from 2 to 400 Bq/5 μL. Little radioactive waste was generated by the PS-sheets method because the PS-sheets were measured by a conventional liquid scintillation counter (LSC) without liquid scintillator and they were possible to reuse by simple rinsing. Also unquenching spectra was gotten by the PS-sheets. The PS-sheets method is possible both of qualitative and quantitative analysis without radioactive wastes.
In vivo Imaging and Drug Storage by Quantum‐Dot‐Conjugated Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

Abstract A specially designed carbon nanotube (CNT) is developed for use in the early detection and treatment of cancer. The key functionalities for biomedical diagnosis and drug delivery are incorporated into the CNTs. In vivo imaging of live mice is achieved by intravenously injecting quantum dot (QD)‐conjugated CNT for the first time. With near infrared emission around 752 nm, the CNT with surface‐conjugated QD (CNT‐QD) exhibit a strong luminescence for non‐invasive optical in vivo imaging. CNT surface modification is achieved by a plasma polymerization approach that deposited ultra‐thin acrylic acid or poly(lactic‐ co ‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) films (∼3 nm) onto the nanotubes. The anticancer agent paclitaxel is loaded at 112.5 ± 5.8 µg mg −1 to PLGA‐coated CNT. Cytotoxicity of this novel drug delivery system is evaluated in vitro using PC‐3MM2 human prostate carcinoma cells and quantified by the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The in vivo distribution determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) indicates CNT‐QD uptake in various organs of live animals.
Cohesion (2010)

Two broad classes of memory models are available today: models with hardware cache coherence, used in conventional chip multiprocessors, and models that rely upon software to manage coherence, found in compute accelerators. In some systems, both types of models are supported using disjoint address spaces and/or physical memories. In this paper we present Cohesion, a hybrid memory model that enables fine-grained temporal reassignment of data between hardware-managed and software-managed coherence domains, allowing a system to support both. Cohesion can be used to dynamically adapt to the sharing needs of both applications and runtimes. Cohesion requires neither copy operations nor multiple address spaces. Cohesion offers the benefits of reduced message traffic and on-die directory overhead when software-managed coherence can be used and the advantages of hardware coherence for cases in which software-managed coherence is impractical. We demonstrate our protocol using a hierarchical, cached 1024-core processor with a single address space that supports both software-enforced coherence and a directory-based hardware coherence protocol. Relative to an optimistic, hardware-coherent baseline, a realizable Cohesion design achieves competitive performance with a 2× reduction in message traffic, 2.1× reduction in directory utilization, and greater robustness to on-die directory capacity.
A Case of Improved Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis after Successful Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Membranous Obstruction of Inferior Vena Cava (2015)

Vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of diseases that destroy blood vessel walls by inflammation. Approximately half of vasculitis cases are idiopathic, but sometimes associated with genetic factors, medicines, chronic infection, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. Although the mechanism remains unclear, vasculitis secondary to malignancy, also known as paraneoplastic vasculitis, has been reported. It is generally associated with hematologic malignancies rather than solid malignancies and commonly presents as leukocytoclastic vasculitis or polyarteritis nodosa. We experienced a case of leukocytoclastic vasculitis in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma and membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Here, we report this case with a brief review of literature.
Packet caches on routers (2008)

Many past systems have explored how to eliminate redundant transfers from network links and improve network efficiency. Several of these systems operate at the application layer, while the more recent systems operate on individual packets. A common aspect of these systems is that they apply to localized settings, e.g. at stub network access links. In this paper, we explore the benefits of deploying packet-level redundant content elimination as a universal primitive on all Internet routers. Such a universal deployment would immediately reduce link loads everywhere. However, we argue that far more significant network-wide benefits can be derived by redesigning network routing protocols to leverage the universal deployment. We develop "redundancy-aware" intra- and inter-domain routing algorithms and show that they enable better traffic engineering, reduce link usage costs, and enhance ISPs' responsiveness to traffic variations. In particular, employing redundancy elimination approaches across redundancy-aware routes can lower intra and inter-domain link loads by 10-50%. We also address key challenges that may hinder implementation of redundancy elimination on fast routers. Our current software router implementation can run at OC48 speeds.
Two-Dimensional Substitution Series Na3P1–xSbxS4–ySey: Beyond Static Description of Structural Bottlenecks for Na+ Transport (2022)

Highly conductive solid electrolytes are fundamental for all solid-state batteries with low inner cell resistance. Such fast solid electrolytes are often found by systematic substitution experiments in which one atom is exchanged for another, and corresponding changes in ionic transport are monitored. With this strategy, compositions with the most promising transport properties can be identified fast and reliably. However, the substitution of one element does not only influence the crystal structure and diffusion channel size (static) but also the underlying bonding interactions and with it the vibrational properties of the lattice (dynamic). Since both static and dynamic properties influence the diffusion process, simple one-dimensional substitution series only provide limited insights to the importance of changes in the structure and lattice dynamics for the transport properties. To overcome these limitations, we make use of a two-dimensional substitution approach, investigating and comparing the four single-substitution series Na3P1–xSbxS4, Na3P1–xSbxSe4, Na3PS4–ySey, and Na3SbS4–ySey. Specifically, we find that the diffusion channel size represented by the distance between S/Se ions cannot explain the observed changes of activation barriers throughout the whole substitution system. Melting temperatures and the herein newly defined anharmonic bulk modulus─as descriptors for bonding interactions and corresponding lattice dynamics─correlate well with the activation barriers, highlighting the relevance of lattice softness for the ion transport in this class of fast ion conductors.