gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Travelling Wave Expansion: A Model Fitting Approach to the Inverse Problem of Elasticity Reconstruction (2011)

In this paper, a novel approach to the problem of elasticity reconstruction is introduced. In this approach, the solution of the wave equation is expanded as a sum of waves travelling in different directions sharing a common wave number. In particular, the solutions for the scalar and vector potentials which are related to the dilatational and shear components of the displacement respectively are expanded as sums of travelling waves. This solution is then used as a model and fitted to the measured displacements. The value of the shear wave number which yields the best fit is then used to find the elasticity at each spatial point. The main advantage of this method over direct inversion methods is that, instead of taking the derivatives of noisy measurement data, the derivatives are taken on the analytical model. This improves the results of the inversion. The dilatational and shear components of the displacement can also be computed as a byproduct of the method, without taking any derivatives. Experimental results show the effectiveness of this technique in magnetic resonance elastography. Comparisons are made with other state-of-the-art techniques.
Economics of Future Growth in Photovoltaics Manufacturing; NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) (2015)

The past decade’s record of growth in the photovoltaic manufacturing industry indicates that global investment in manufacturing capacity for photovoltaic modules tends to increase in proportion to the size of the industry. The slope of this proportionality determines how fast the industry will grow in the future. Two key parameters determine this slope. One is the annual global investment in manufacturing capacity normalized to the manufacturing capacity for the previous year (capacity-normalized capital investment rate, CapIR, units $/W). The other is how much capital investment is required for each watt of annual manufacturing capacity, normalized to the service life of the assets (capacity-normalized capital demand rate, CapDR, units $/W). If these two parameters remain unchanged from the values they have held for the past few years, global manufacturing capacity will peak in the next few years and then decline. However, it only takes a small improvement in CapIR to ensure future growth in photovoltaics. Any accompanying improvement in CapDR will accelerate that growth.
From Single Molecules to Nanostructured Functional Materials: Formation of a Magnetic Foam Catalyzed by Pd@FexO Heterodimers (2017)

Multicomponent nanostructures containing purely organic or inorganic as well as hybrid organic–inorganic components connected through a solid interface are, unlike conventional spherical particles, able to combine different or even incompatible properties within a single entity. They are multifunctional and resemble molecular amphiphiles, like surfactants or block copolymers, which makes them attractive for the self-assembly of complex structures, drug delivery, bioimaging, or catalysis. We have synthesized Pd@FexO heterodimer nanoparticles (NPs) to fabricate a macroporous, hydrophobic, magnetically active, three-dimensional (3D), and template-free hybrid foam capable of repeatedly separating oil contaminants from water. The Pd domains in the Pd@FexO heterodimers act as nanocatalysts for the hydrosilylation of polyhydrosiloxane and tetravinylsilane, while the FexO component confers magnetic properties to the final functional material. Pd@FexO heterodimers were synthesized by heterogeneous nucleation and growth of the iron oxide domain onto presynthesized Pd NPs at high temperatures in solution. The morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of the as-synthesized heterodimers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and a superconducting quantum interference device. The epitaxial growth of the FexO domain onto Pd was confirmed by high-resolution TEM. A potential application of the 3D hydrophobic magnetic foam was exploited by demonstrating its ability to soak oil beneath a water layer, envisioning its use in oil sampling during oil prospection drilling, or to remove oil films after oil spills.
REVIEW ARTICLE: Tolerance Mechanisms in Pregnancy: A Reappraisal of the Role of Class I Paternal MHC Antigens* (2009)

Suppression of pregnancy loss by paternal/embryo Class I MHC depends on the presence of paternal peptides. This greatly complicates existing models of Class I-KIR interactions in feto-maternal tolerance or rejection. It is important to consider all the data when devising explanatory models.
Cryptococcus neoformansas a Model for Radioimmunotherapy of Infections (2011)

There is an obvious and urgent need for novel approaches to treat infectious diseases. The use of monoclonal antibodies in therapy of infectious diseases is now experiencing renewed interest. During the last 5 years radioimmunotherapy (RIT), a modality previously developed only for cancer treatment, has been successfully adapted for the treatment of experimental fungal, bacterial, and viral infections. As our model organism for studying the efficacy, mechanisms, potential toxicity, and radioresistance to RIT, as well as for comparison of RIT with the existing antimicrobial therapies we have chosen the encapsulated yeast Cryptococcus neoformans (CN). The success of RIT approach in laboratory studies provides encouragement for feasibility of therapeutically targeting microbes with labeled antibodies. In addition, the creation of "panantibodies" for RIT which would recognize antigens shared by the whole class of pathogens such as fungi, for example, would facilitate the introduction of RIT into the clinic.
Queue-based broadcast gossip algorithm for consensus (2016)

We study broadcast gossip algorithms to compute the average of given initial sensor measurements. In the context of wireless networks, an algorithm was proposed by Scaglione et al. that allows a single node to broadcast at each time with geometrically fast convergence to consensus. To improve the rate of convergence to consensus, we go beyond this single node broadcast approach and propose a queue-based broadcast gossip algorithm, in which simultaneous node broadcasts are allowed. Since packet collisions may happen, we choose time-varying update weights. Using a novel interval-based consensus error analysis to handle the time-dependent update weights, we show that with appropriate choice of parameters, the proposed algorithm converges to consensus in the mean-square sense geometrically fast. We prove that for the class of networks modeled as non-bipartite Ramanujan graphs, the exponent of convergence of the proposed algorithm is independent of the number of nodes, unlike the single node broadcast case which converges slowly in large networks. We also demonstrate through simulations that our proposed algorithm improves the rate of convergence for some other example networks.
Crystal Growth and Phase Formation of High-Entropy Rare-Earth Aluminum Perovskites (2022)

We demonstrate for the first time the crystal growth of high-entropy rare-earth (RE) aluminum perovskites (REAlO3) using the micro-pulling-down method to inform future exploration of functional crystals. To determine how composition affects phase formation, we formulate equiatomic compositions containing five REs from the following list: Lu, Yb, Tm, Er, Y, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, Eu, Sm, Nd, Pr, Ce, La. To test whether combinations of REs with similar ionic radii may favor a single phase, compositions containing REs with consecutive or nonconsecutive ionic radius values were formulated. Powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicate that crystals containing only REs with similar ionic radii that form orthorhombic single-RE REAlO3 are a single phase. Crystals containing REs with dissimilar ionic radii or mixtures of REs that form orthorhombic, rhombohedral, and tetragonal single-RE REAlO3 are a mixture of phases. The elemental distribution in single-phase crystals analyzed via electron probe microanalysis confirms no evidence of preferential incorporation of any of the constituent REs. The distribution and composition of secondary phases were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy; secondary phases were seen as a small region in the center of the crystals with branching features closer to the outer surface.
In Situ Thermal Decomposition of Exfoliated Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorus (2015)

With a semiconducting band gap and high charge carrier mobility, two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP)—often referred to as phosphorene—holds significant promise for next generation electronics and optoelectronics. However, as a 2D material, it possesses a higher surface area to volume ratio than bulk BP, suggesting that its chemical and thermal stability will be modified. Herein, an atomic-scale microscopic and spectroscopic study is performed to characterize the thermal degradation of mechanically exfoliated 2D BP. From in situ scanning/transmission electron microscopy, decomposition of 2D BP is observed to occur at ∼400 °C in vacuum, in contrast to the 550 °C bulk BP sublimation temperature. This decomposition initiates via eye-shaped cracks along the [001] direction and then continues until only a thin, amorphous red phosphorus like skeleton remains. In situ electron energy loss spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and energy-loss near-edge structure changes provide quantitative insight into this chemical transformation process.
Comparison of Individual-Electrode State of Health Estimation Methods for Lithium Ion Battery (2018)

It is essential to understand the state-of-health (SOH) of the individual electrode to avoid accelerating degradation of Li-ion battery. Electrode SOH can be quantified based on estimating the capacity and the utilization range of each electrode. Here, we introduce two methods: i) voltage fitting (VF) and ii) peak alignment (PA), and compare their ability to estimate the electrode SOH parameters. Both methods assume the half-cell open-circuit potentials (OCPs) are invariant functions of the stoichio-metric states with the cell aging, which can make the accuracy of the electrode parameter estimation vulnerable to degradation that would cause changes in the half-cell OCP curves. This hypothesis is verified experimentally by applying the two methods to aged cells cycled at high temperature. A discernible misalignment of the peaks is observed in the differential voltage curve from the VF method indicating the estimation result is incorrect, even though it reconstructs the OCV with the small error and estimates the cell capacity accurately. Therefore, it is seen that the lower voltage error and the accurate cell capacity estimate do not necessarily promise a better estimation accuracy for the electrode SOH parameters.
Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Infection Impairs Interleukin-12 Production and the MHC-II-Restricted Antigen Presentation Capacity of Dendritic Cells (2018)

<i>Streptococcus suis</i> is an important swine pathogen and emerging zoonotic agent. Encapsulated strains of <i>S. suis</i> modulate dendritic cell (DC) functions, leading to poorly activated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. However, the antigen presentation ability of <i>S. suis</i>-stimulated DCs has not been investigated yet. In this work, we aimed to characterize the antigen presentation profiles of <i>S. suis-</i>stimulated DCs, both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Upon direct activation <i>in vitro, S. suis-</i>stimulated murine bone marrow-derived DCs (bmDCs) preserved their antigen capture/processing capacities. However, they showed delayed kinetics of MHC-II expression compared to lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bmDCs. Meanwhile, splenic DCs from infected mice exhibited a compromised MHC-II expression, despite an appropriate expression of maturation markers. To identify potential interfering mechanisms, Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex Transactivator (CIITA) and membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH)1/8 transcription were studied. <i>S. suis-</i>stimulated DCs maintained low levels of <i>CIITA</i> at early time points, both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, which could limit their ability to increase MHC-II synthesis. <i>S. suis</i>-stimulated DCs also displayed sustained/upregulated levels of <i>MARCH1/8</i>, thus possibly leading to MHC-II lysosomal degradation. The bacterial capsular polysaccharide played a partial role in this modulation. Finally, interleukin (IL)-12p70 production was inhibited in splenic DCs from infected mice, a profile compatible with DC indirect activation by pro-inflammatory compounds. Consequently, these cells induced lower levels of IL-2 and TNF-α in an antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell presentation assay and blunted T cell CD25 expression. It remains unclear at this stage whether these phenotypical and transcriptional modulations observed in response to <i>S. suis</i> in <i>in vivo</i> infections are part of a bacterial immune evasion strategy or rather a feature common to systemic inflammatory response-inducing agents. However, it appears that the MHC-II-restricted antigen presentation and Th1-polarizing cytokine production capacities of DCs are impaired during <i>S. suis</i> infection. This study highlights the potential consequences of inflammation on the type and magnitude of the immune response elicited by a pathogen.
Pacbio sequencing of copper-tolerant Xanthomonas citri reveals presence of a chimeric plasmid structure and provides insights into reassortment and shuffling of transcription activator-like effectors among X. citri strains (2018)

We demonstrate in this study the importance of long-read sequencing for obtaining intact sequences of TALEs and plasmids, as well as for identifying rearrangement events including plasmid reshuffling. Rearrangement events, such as the hybrid plasmid in this case, could be a frequent phenomenon in the evolution of X. citri strains, although so far it is undetected due to the inability to obtain complete plasmid sequences with short-read sequencing methods.
Zhang-Rice physics and anomalous copper states in A-site ordered perovskites (2013)

In low dimensional cuprates several interesting phenomena, including high Tc superconductivity, are deeply connected to electron correlations on Cu and the presence of the Zhang-Rice (ZR) singlet state. Here, we report on direct spectroscopic observation of the ZR state responsible for the low-energy physical properties in two isostructural A-site ordered cuprate perovskites, CaCu(3)Co(4)O(12) and CaCu(3)Cr(4)O(12) as revealed by resonant soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy on the Cu L(3,2)- and O K-edges. These measurements reveal the signature of Cu in the high-energy 3+ (3d(8)), the typical 2+ (3d(9)), as well as features of the ZR singlet state (i.e., 3d(9)L, L denotes an oxygen hole). First principles GGA + U calculations affirm that the B-site cation controls the degree of Cu-O hybridization and, thus, the Cu valency. These findings introduce another avenue for the study and manipulation of cuprates, bypassing the complexities inherent to conventional chemical doping (i.e. disorder) that hinder the relevant physics.
Primitive path delay fault identification (2002)

We present a novel and efficient method to identify all primitive single and multi path delay faults (PDFs) in multi-level combinational circuits. Our method is the first one to successfully target the primitive PDF identification problem for multi-level circuits-previous research results in this area have been limited either to the identification of primitive PDFs only for 2-level circuits, or to the identification of only a subset of the complete set of paths which need not be tested for delay faults. Our primitive PDF identification procedure is based on determining which paths or sets of paths determine the signal stabilization time at the circuit outputs. We demonstrate the feasibility of the approach for mid-sized benchmark circuits.
Theoretical Analysis of the Co-Existence of LTE-A Signals and Design of an ML-SIC Receiver (2015)

The increasing number of mobile devices and the demand for large throughput requiring applications has hampered access to the limited frequency spectrum. The goal of this work is to introduce a new degree of freedom to the reuse of occupied resources by intentionally creating co-existence between different types of signals. First, the co-existence of orthogonal frequency division multiple access and single carrier-frequency division multiple access signals is introduced and analyzed for a conventional successive interference cancellation (c-SIC) processing. Then, the average bit-error-rate is derived for the proposed co-existence approach as a baseline. The results of the analysis lead to the design of an improved adaptive multi-user detection (MUD) approach, which outperforms the c-SIC receiver. The proposed MUD approach performs iterative likelihood testing and a signal-to-interference plus noise ratio based processing to improve the decoding performance. Additionally, three different power control schemes are proposed for heterogeneous networks to improve the gain further and observe the performance in the system-level. Our results show that the proposed combination of methods works well in dense mobile communication environments.
GLA-AF, an Emulsion-Free Vaccine Adjuvant for Pandemic Influenza (2014)

The ongoing threat from Influenza necessitates the development of new vaccine and adjuvant technologies that can maximize vaccine immunogenicity, shorten production cycles, and increase global vaccine supply. Currently, the most successful adjuvants for Influenza vaccines are squalene-based oil-in-water emulsions. These adjuvants enhance seroprotective antibody titers to homologous and heterologous strains of virus, and augment a significant dose sparing activity that could improve vaccine manufacturing capacity. As an alternative to an emulsion, we tested a simple lipid-based aqueous formulation containing a synthetic TLR4 ligand (GLA-AF) for its ability to enhance protection against H5N1 infection. GLA-AF was very effective in adjuvanting recombinant H5 hemagglutinin antigen (rH5) in mice and was as potent as the stable emulsion, SE. Both adjuvants induced similar antibody titers using a sub-microgram dose of rH5, and both conferred complete protection against a highly pathogenic H5N1 challenge. However, GLA-AF was the superior adjuvant in ferrets. GLA-AF stimulated a broader antibody response than SE after both the prime and boost immunization with rH5, and ferrets were better protected against homologous and heterologous strains of H5N1 virus. Thus, GLA-AF is a potent emulsion-free adjuvant that warrants consideration for pandemic influenza vaccine development.
RET proto-oncogene mutations in inherited and sporadic medullary thyroid cancer (1994)

Journal Article RET proto-oncogene mutations in inherited and sporadic medullary thyroid cancer Get access James E. Blaugrund, James E. Blaugrund 1Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Cancer Research, The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimore, MD 21205, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael M. Johns, Jr, Michael M. Johns, Jr 1Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Cancer Research, The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimore, MD 21205, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yolanda J. Eby, Yolanda J. Eby 1Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Cancer Research, The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimore, MD 21205, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Douglas W. Ball, Douglas W. Ball 2Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimore, MD 21205, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stephen B. Baylin, Stephen B. Baylin 2Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimore, MD 21205, USA3The Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimore, MD 21205, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ralph H. Hruban, Ralph H. Hruban 4Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimore, MD 21205, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David Sidransky David Sidransky * 1Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Cancer Research, The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimore, MD 21205, USA3The Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimore, MD 21205, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 3, Issue 10, October 1994, Pages 1895–1897, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/3.10.1895 Published: 01 October 1994 Article history Received: 14 June 1994 Revision received: 15 August 1994 Accepted: 15 August 1994 Published: 01 October 1994
A nanocalorimetric study of the effect of composition gradients on crystallization in amorphous Cu-Zr thin films (2019)

Nucleation, the initial formation of a new phase from a parent phase, plays an important role in the eventual microstructure and properties of materials. Theories and models of nucleation have been integral to materials science for close to a century. These models assume that the parent material is compositionally homogeneous on length-scales relevant to nucleation. However, in certain materials – such as thin films or reactive nanolaminates – sharp gradients in the composition may influence nucleation. Models and theories exploring these impacts are based on little direct experimental data. Here we present means of producing and characterizing samples with composition gradients to measure the impacts of gradients on nucleation. We fabricate amorphous Cu-Zr films with known composition gradients through their thicknesses; we perform isochronal nanocalorimetry to measure the impact of the gradients on nucleation and growth; and we characterize the samples before and after reaction. We see evidence of phase separation of the vapor-quenched Cu-Zr amorphous films. While we measure differences between the samples with gradients and those without, the gradients relax sufficiently during heating such that nucleation (the onset of crystallization) occurs at the same temperatures. For both sets of samples we find three distinct regions of heat release: the first we attribute to local ordering, the second to extended phase separation and interdiffusion, and the third to nucleation and growth of the Cu10Zr7 crystalline phase. This work represents a first step towards investigating the impact of gradients on nucleation, as well as growth.