gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HGG-14. IRRADIATION OF PEDIATRIC GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS INDUCES DOWNREGULATION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR MICRORNA GENES AND UPREGULATION OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF) (2018)

Recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) is known to be more aggressive and resistant to therapy when compared to the de-novo GBM tumor. Our previous in vivo studies showed that irradiated SJ-GBM2 cells exhibit greater radiological differences in angiogenesis and biological aggressiveness when compared with untreated (control) SJ-GBM2 cells. This may be explained by biological changes that occur after treatment with radiation and chemotherapy. Herein, we present evidence of changes in 21 gene expression and invasion protein markers between irradiated and non-irradiated cells. Pediatric GBM cells (SJ-GBM2) were irradiated with a total dose of 10Gy (SJGBM2-10gy). Irradiated and untreated control cells were tested for viability and changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression using miRNA microarrays that analyze more than 2000 genes. Samples were analyzed in duplicate. Western blots of the irradiated and control cell lysates and dot blots of the cell conditioned serum-free media were immunostained for pro-cathepsin B and VEGF. Only a relatively small set of miRNAs exhibited differential expression; 21 miRNAs genes were downregulated and none were upregulated in SJGBM2-10gy compared with SJ-GBM2 cells. Many of these down-regulated miRNAs were found to be tumor suppressor genes. This study also identified multiple novel downregulated miRNAs that have not yet been characterized. VEGF secretion was increased in the irradiated cells. Our study demonstrates increased biological aggressiveness in irradiated SJGBM2-10gy cells and suggests that this is due to multiple mechanisms that are activated following irradiation. These mechanisms include down-regulation of tumor suppressors’ miRNA genes and changes in the secretion of VEGF.
Persistent inhibition of cell respiration by nitric oxide: Crucial role ofS-nitrosylation of mitochondrial complex I and protective action of glutathione (1998)

Both reversible and irreversible inhibition of mitochondrial respiration have been reported following the generation of nitric oxide (NO) by cells. Using J774 cells, we have studied the effect of long-term exposure to NO on different enzymes of the respiratory chain. Our results show that, although NO inhibits complex IV in a way that is always reversible, prolonged exposure to NO results in a gradual and persistent inhibition of complex I that is concomitant with a reduction in the intracellular concentration of reduced glutathione. This inhibition appears to result from S-nitrosylation of critical thiols in the enzyme complex because it can be immediately reversed by exposing the cells to high intensity light or by replenishment of intracellular reduced glutathione. Furthermore, decreasing the concentration of reduced glutathione accelerates the process of persistent inhibition. Our results suggest that, although NO may regulate cell respiration physiologically by its action on complex IV, long-term exposure to NO leads to persistent inhibition of complex I and potentially to cell pathology.
Reply to Guy et al.: Support for a bottleneck in the 2011 Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak in Germany (2012)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
ChemInform Abstract: MJ347‐81F4 A & B, Novel Antibiotics from Amycolatopsis sp.: Taxonomic Characteristics, Fermentation, and Antimicrobial Activity. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Chiral Lewis Basic Metal‐Free Catalysts for Stereoselective Allylations of Aldehydes. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modeling and Analysis of Series-None Compensation for Wireless Power Transfer Systems With a Strong Coupling (2018)

In some applications of wireless power transfer, such as wireless charging of consumer electronics and electric buses, the coupling between the transmitter and the receiver is strong in order to improve efficiency. With a strong coupling, the compensation on the receiver side can be eliminated to achieve a high-level integration of the receiver device and a smaller receiver-side loss, forming a series-none (SN) topology, which has not been fully investigated before. The commonly used first harmonic approximation method for the SN topology has discrepancies with a low-power output and cannot fully reveal the characteristics of the SN topology. Therefore, this paper establishes a model of the SN topology and derives the analytical expressions of the transmitter and receiver currents based on differential equations. The distortion of the receiver current is studied. The coil-to-coil efficiency is obtained and its maximum condition is investigated. The SN topology offers approximately the same efficiency as the SS topology when the coupling is strong and the coil quality factors are large. Theoretical calculations and experimental results confirm the analysis.
Salvage Radiotherapy in Patients With Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Retrospective Analysis From the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (2005)

SRT offers an effective treatment for selected subsets of patients with relapsed or refractory HD.
Design for a Simplified Cochlear Implant System (2007)

A simplified cochlear implant (CI) system would be appropriate for widespread use in developing countries. Here, we describe a CI that we have designed to realize such a concept. The system implements 8 channels of processing and stimulation using the continuous interleaved sampling (CIS) strategy. A generic digital signal processing (DSP) chip is used for the processing, and the filtering functions are performed with a fast Fourier transform (FFT) of a microphone or other input. Data derived from the processing are transmitted through an inductive link using pulse width modulation (PWM) encoding and amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation. The same link is used in the reverse direction for backward telemetry of electrode and system information. A custom receiver-stimulator chip has been developed that demodulates incoming data using pulse counting and produces charge balanced biphasic pulses at 1000 pulses/s/electrode. This chip is encased in a titanium package that is hermetically sealed using a simple but effective method. A low cost metal-silicon hybrid mold has been developed for fabricating an intracochlear electrode array with 16 ball-shaped stimulating contacts.
Multiple pulse charge transfer for capacitive deionization of a fluid (2023)

The present disclosure relates to a capacitive deionization system which makes use of a controller, a first capacitor acting as a first electrode, a second capacitor acting as a second electrode, and a first inductor for storing energy received from the first capacitor, and transferring the stored energy to the second capacitor. A first plurality of electronic switches are controlled by the controller to control communication between the first inductor and the first capacitor, and between the first inductor and the second capacitor. An additional energy transfer subsystem is included which has a second inductor for receiving energy from the first capacitor while the first inductor is transferring stored energy to the second capacitor.
Emergency orthopaedic surgery under noninvasive ventilation after refusal for general anaesthesia (2006)

In this observation, we report a novel use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the operating room to support ventilation in an acidotic hypercapnic patient with severe acute chronic respiratory failure refuted for general anaesthesia, operated under spinal anaesthesia for a femoral fracture. The feasibility of noninvasive ventilatory assistance during surgery performed under regional anaesthesia is reported here. In selected cases, noninvasive ventilation can be used in the management of patients with acute or chronic respiratory failure requiring an urgent surgical intervention but in whom the respiratory status excluded a general anaesthesia.
Reliable Sub-nanosecond MRAM with Double Spin-torque Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2022)

We demonstrate reliable sub-nanosecond switching in two terminal STT-MRAM devices by using Double Spin-torque Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (DS-MTJs). Write-error-rate (WER) of 1E-6 was achieved in 194 devices with 250 ps write pulses and tight distributions. WER = 1E-6 was also demonstrated over a temperature range of -40°C to 85°C in a single device with 225 ps write pulses. No degradation was observed after 1E10 write cycles, written with 250 ps write pulses. We compare the DS-MTJ device switching performance to published results from state-of-the-art three terminal Spin-Orbit-Torque (SOT) MRAM devices and show a 10x reduction in switching current density (J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> ) and 3-10x reduction in power consumption for devices with similar energy barriers (E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</inf> ).
Evaluation of Joint Transmission CoMP in C-RAN based LTE-A HetNets with large coordination areas (2013)

Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission is considered as one of the key technology enhancements for Rel-11 LTE-A systems. CoMP transmission is realized by exchanging coordination information between a set of transmission nodes, forming a so-called CoMP cluster. The size of the CoMP cluster is typically limited, which leads to cell-edge performance issues appearing at the CoMP cluster boundaries. However, in new radio access network (RAN) architectures such as Cloud RAN (C-RAN) the effect of cell-edge user performance degradation at the CoMP cluster boundaries can be minimized by considering larger CoMP coordination areas. In this paper, we investigate the Joint Transmission (JT) CoMP performance in a C-RAN implementation of LTE-A HetNet with large CoMP cluster sizes. Some approaches to minimize the CoMP processing requirements for this case are also discussed. As a baseline for comparison, the LTE-A time-domain enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (eICIC) scheme which has no coordination boundary issues is considered.
On line filtration of dialysate: structural and functional features of an asymmetric polysulfone hollow fiber ultrafilter (Diaclean®) (1994)

The endotoxin transfer across dialysis membranes has been investigated using specific in vitro circuits. Backdiffusion and backfiltration have been analyzed and most dialysis membranes have shown to be permeable to LAL positive substances. Synthetic membranes however display the better capacity of retention of these products despite their higher porosity and permeability. For such reason synthetic polysulfone ultrafilters are used as pyrogen filters to obtain ultrapure dialysate. We have investigated the characteristics of a polysulfone ultrafilter named Diaclean and manufactured by Amicon Ireland. The capacity of endotoxin retention has been investigated both in filtration and backfiltration modes on new and used ultrafilters. The capacity of endotoxin adsorption was investigated as well. Used ultrafilters appeared to maintain the retention capacity and the adsorption capacity up to 4 months of use. Only slight differences were noted from the baseline values (p = n.s.). The best adsorption capacity is always displayed by the outer layer of the membrane suggesting its best utilization in back filtration mode with tangential flow. No morphological changes were observed in the used membrane analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.
ONTOMO: web-based ontology building system (2010)

In the web research, ontologies are widely used these days. However, several difficulties in ontology building have been pointed out so far and its costs are raising problems currently. In this paper, we propose ONTOMO that enables Internet users to take part in building ontologies as a part of collective intelligence. After introducing an overview of ONTOMO, an instance and property recommendation mechanism based on the editing history of multiple users will be presented together with experimental evaluations.
Low splice loss solid photonic bandgap fibre and its temperature dependence of filtering wavelength (2008)

A low splice loss solid photonic bandgap fibre (PBGF) is realized by deploying a depressed clad layer. The temperature dependence of the filtering wavelength of the PBGF is measured.
Photonic nodal lines with quadrupole Berry curvature distribution (2021)

In periodic systems, nodal lines are loops in the three-dimensional momentum space where two bands are degenerate with each other. Nodal lines exhibit rich topological features as they can take various configurations such as rings, links, chains and knots. These line nodes are usually protected by mirror or PT symmetry. Here we propose and demonstrate a novel type of photonic straight nodal lines in a D2d meta-crystal which are protected by roto-inversion time (roto-PT) symmetry. The nodal lines are located at the central axis and hinges of the Brillouin zone. They appear as quadrupole sources of Berry curvature flux and allow for the precise control of the quadrupole strength. Interestingly, there exist topological surface states at all three cutting surfaces, as guaranteed by the pi-quantized Zak phases along all three directions. As frequency changes, the surface state equi-frequency contours evolve from closed to open contours, and become straight lines at a critical transition frequency, at which diffraction-less surface wave propagation are demonstrated, paving way towards development of super-imaging photonic devices.
Automatically grading learners’ English using a Gaussian process (2015)

There is a high demand around the world for the learning of English as a second language. Correspondingly, there is a need to assess the proficiency level of learners both during their studies and for formal qualifications. A number of automatic methods have been proposed to help meet this demand with varying degrees of success. This paper considers the automatic assessment of spoken English proficiency, which is still a challenging problem.In this scenario, the grader should be able to accurately assess the learner's ability level from spontaneous, prompted, speech, independent of L1 language and the quality of the audio recording. Automatic graders are potentially more consistent than humans. However, the validity of the predicted grade varies. This paper proposes an automatic grader based on a Gaussian process. The advantage of using a Gaussian process is that as well as predicting a grade, it provides a measure of the uncertainty of its prediction. The uncertainty measure is sufficiently accurate to decide which automatic grades should be re-graded by humans. It can also be used to determine which candidates are hard to grade for humans and therefore need expert grading. Performance of the automatic grader is shown to be close to human graders on real candidate entries. Interpolation of human and GP grades further boosts performance.
Reliability testing of silicone-based thermal greases (2005)

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) play a key role in the thermal management of microelectronics by providing a path of low thermal impedance between the heat generating devices and the heat dissipating components (heat spreader/sink). Thermal greases are TIM solutions that are widely utilized in the industry for the cooling of microelectronics. Thermal greases are expected to provide a very low thermal resistance path due to their ability to penetrate into the surface features of heat spreaders/sinks and silicon die. In addition, thermal greases do not require post-processing. However, some of the disadvantages associated with thermal greases are their tendency to "dry-out" and "pump-out" during prolonged periods of operation. These phenomena can drastically reduce the heat dissipation capability of the thermal grease layer. A "perfect" high thermal conductivity and low contact resistance TIM layer may become a voided and cracked layer on exposure to thermal and mechanical stresses. In this research, various tests are explored to determine the ability of thermal greases to deliver a reliable thermal interface, utilizing various thermal grease formulations, different TIM layer geometries, and testing conditions.
6-Benzoxazinylpyridazin-3-ones: potent, long-acting positive inotrope and peripheral vasodilator agents (1990)

A series of 6-benzoxazinylpyridazin-3-ones was prepared and evaluated for inhibition of cardiac phosphodiesterase (PDE) fraction III in vitro and for positive inotropic activity in vivo. 6-[3,4-Dihydro-3-oxo-1,4(2H)-benzoxazin-7-yl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-5 - methylpyridazin-3-one (bemoradan) was found to be an extremely potent and selective inhibitor of canine PDE fraction III and a long-acting, potent, orally active inotropic vasodilator agent in various canine models. Additional benzoxazin-6-yl and -8-yl compounds were also prepared. Altering the pyridazinone substitution from the 6-position to the 7-position produced a 14-fold increase in the iv cardiotonic potency (ED50) from 77 to 5.4 micrograms/kg while substitution at the 8-position reduced potency. Methyl substitution at various sites in the molecule was also examined. Positive inotropic activity was maintained for between 8 and 24 h after a single oral dose (100 micrograms/kg) of bemoradan in dogs, thus making it one of the most potent and long-acting orally effective inotropes yet described. Bemoradan is currently under development as a cardiotonic agent for use in the management of congestive heart failure.
Non‐immunosuppressive FTY720‐derivative OSU‐2S mediates reactive oxygen species‐mediated cytotoxicity in canine B‐cell lymphoma (2016)

OSU-2S is a FTY720 (Fingolimod) derivative that lacks immunosuppressive properties but exhibits strong anti-tumour activity in several haematological and solid tumour models. We have recently shown OSU-2S to mediate potent cytotoxicity in human mantle cell lymphoma cell lines and primary cells. We report here the pre-clinical activity of OSU-2S in spontaneous B-cell lymphoma of dogs which shares many characteristics of human lymphoma. OSU-2S mediated apoptosis in canine B-cell lines and primary B-cell lymphoma cells obtained from spontaneous lymphoma bearing dogs. OSU-2S induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in canine lymphoma cells and inhibition of ROS partially rescued OSU-2S-mediated cell death. These studies provide a rational basis for the use of spontaneous lymphoma in pet dogs as a preclinical large animal model for the development of OSU-2S as small molecule for treating people and dogs with lymphoma.
Optimal tree approximation with wavelets (1999)

The more a priori knowledge we encode into a signal processing algorithm, the better performance we can expect. In this paper, we overview several approaches to capturing the structure of singularities (edges, ridges, etc.) in wavelet-based signal processing schemes. Leveraging results from approximation theory, we discuss nonlinear approximations on trees and point out that an optimal tree approximant exists and is easily computed. The optimal tree approximation inspires a new hierarchical interpretation of the wavelet decomposition and a tree-based wavelet denoising algorithm that suppresses spurious noise bumps. Keywords: Wavelets, trees, nonlinear approximation, Besov space,optimization 1. INTRODUCTION The wavelet transform provides a natural setting for developing new signal and image processing algorithms, especially for signals and images rich in singularities (edges, ridges, and other transients). Since wavelets form a basis, 1,2 they can reproduce arbitrary functions, fro...
BARC: Breed-Augmented Regression Using Classification for 3D Dog Reconstruction from Images (2023)

Abstract The goal of this work is to reconstruct 3D dogs from monocular images. We take a model-based approach, where we estimate the shape and pose parameters of a 3D articulated shape model for dogs. We consider dogs as they constitute a challenging problem, given they are highly articulated and come in a variety of shapes and appearances. Recent work has considered a similar task using the multi-animal SMAL model, with additional limb scale parameters, obtaining reconstructions that are limited in terms of realism. Like previous work, we observe that the original SMAL model is not expressive enough to represent dogs of many different breeds. Moreover, we make the hypothesis that the supervision signal used to train the network, that is 2D keypoints and silhouettes, is not sufficient to learn a regressor that can distinguish between the large variety of dog breeds. We therefore go beyond previous work in two important ways. First, we modify the SMAL shape space to be more appropriate for representing dog shape. Second, we formulate novel losses that exploit information about dog breeds . In particular, we exploit the fact that dogs of the same breed have similar body shapes. We formulate a novel breed similarity loss , consisting of two parts: One term is a triplet loss, that encourages the shape of dogs from the same breed to be more similar than dogs of different breeds. The second one is a breed classification loss . With our approach we obtain 3D dogs that, compared to previous work, are quantitatively better in terms of 2D reconstruction, and significantly better according to subjective and quantitative 3D evaluations. Our work shows that a-priori side information about similarity of shape and appearance, as provided by breed labels, can help to compensate for the lack of 3D training data. This concept may be applicable to other animal species or groups of species. We call our method BARC (Breed-Augmented Regression using Classification). Our code is publicly available for research purposes at https://barc.is.tue.mpg.de/ .
Comparative evaluation of wavefront coherence imaging methods in the presence of clutter (2011)

There are a number of mechanisms that contribute to poor image quality in ultrasonic imaging. Numerous algorithms have been designed to compensate for phase aberrations, but recently it was shown that reverberation clutter plays a significant role in degrading image quality. We have developed a novel imaging technique that is capable of differentiating ultrasonic signals corrupted by clutter, named Short-Lag Spatial Coherence (SLSC) imaging. The method relies of the spatial coherence of the echo wavefronts. Ultrasound images from a full-wave, nonlinear wave propagation simulation of low contrast lesions were used to demonstrate our coherence imaging method and compare it images generated by methods such as the generalized coherence factor (GCF) and the wavefront similarity factor (WSF). Signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) of the images were adjusted via impedance mismatch of the intervening abdominal layer in the simulation. Results demonstrate that SLSC imaging yielded better contrast-to-noise ratio than B-mode, GCF, and WSF. When phase aberration was removed, all coherence imaging methods demonstrated stable CNR as a function of SCR, while B-mode imaging degraded linearly with decreasing SCR. In vivo images of a human carotid artery show superior visualization of carotid anatomy with the coherence imaging methods, however SLSC imaging yielded superior contrast and CNR of targets over all other imaging methods.