gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sibship stability of genotype and phenotype in myotonic dystrophy (2002)

Myotonic dystrophy (DM1) is caused by an unstable CTG repeat expansion. Despite the evidence of birth order effect in congenital DM1, the expansion's dynamics among sibships is still unknown. The objective of this study was to determine phenotype and CTG repeat size variability in DM1 sibships, and to investigate their predictive values. We compared 86 sib pairs for CTG repeat, 61 for age at onset and 89 for DM1 phenotype. CTG repeats remained stable for 66 of the 86 sib pairs, including 25 of 27 maternal transmissions and 30 of 42 paternal transmissions. Variations of less than 10 years in the age at onset were observed in 44 of 61 sib pairs, including 16 of 18 maternal transmissions and 19 of 28 paternal transmissions. The same phenotypic severity or a variation of only one class was observed among 86 of the 89 sib pairs, including all of the 35 maternal transmissions and 30 of the 33 paternal transmissions. Birth order, intergenesic interval, oldest sib's CTG repeat or parental age and CTG repeat did not exert any significant influence. These results suggest that genotype and phenotype remained stable among sibs, although the paternal origin of the mutation seemed to reduce the predictability of the severity.
Using probabilistic solar power forecasts to inform flexible ramp product procurement for the California ISO (2022)

How can independent system operators (ISOs) take advantage of probabilistic solar forecasts to lower generation costs and improve reliability of power systems? We discuss one three-step approach for doing so, focusing on how such forecasts might help the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) prepare unexpected net load ramps, where net load equals gross demand minus wind and solar production. First, we enhance an existing solar forecasting system to provide well-calibrated hours-ahead probabilistic forecasts. We then relate the degree of uncertainty reflected in the forecasted prediction intervals (independent variables) to error distributions for net load ramp forecasts for the CAISO real-time market (dependent variable) using machine learning and quantile regression. Projected ramp forecast errors conditioned on solar uncertainty are translated into flexible ramp requirements that therefore reflect real-time meteorological and solar conditions, improving on typical ISO procedures. Detailed descriptions are provided on the quantile regression and kth-nearest neighbor categorization methods for accomplishing that translation. Finally, a multiple time-scale look-ahead market simulation model is applied to a 118-bus IEEE Reliability Test System, modified to represent the CAISO generation mix and demand distributions. The model runs quantify how solar-conditioned ramp requirements can, first, decrease operating costs by reducing requirements compared to often conservative unconditional methods and, second, decrease generation scarcity events and consequently improve reliability by increasing flexibility requirements at times when unconditional forecast-based requirements understate actual ramp uncertainty. Solar-conditioned ramp requirements are found to reduce generation operating costs by about 2% (equivalent to over $100 million per year) for the test system.
Semaphore queue priority assignment for real-time multiprocessor synchronization (1995)

Prior work on real time scheduling with global shared resources in multiprocessor systems assigns as much blocking as possible to the lowest priority tasks. We show that better schedulability can be achieved if global blocking is distributed according to the blocking tolerance of tasks rather than their execution priorities. We describe an algorithm that assigns global semaphore queue priorities according to blocking tolerance, and we present simulation results demonstrating the advantages of this approach with rate monotonic scheduling. Our simulations also show that a simple FIFO usually provides better real time schedulability with global semaphores than priority queues that use task execution priorities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An optimal retry policy based on fault classification (1994)

An optimal retry policy in a computer system is usually derived under the unrealistic assumption that fault characteristics are known a priori and remain unchanged throughout the mission lifetime. In such a case, the optimal retry period depends only upon the system's status at the time of fault detection. We propose to remedy this deficiency by formulating the optimal retry problem as a Bayesian decision problem where not only the time of fault detection but also the results of earlier retries are used to estimate the current fault characteristics. Previous knowledge about fault characteristics is represented by the prior distributions of fault-related parameters which are updated whenever new samples are obtained from retry and detection mechanisms. A new fault classification scheme is proposed to assign a temporal fault type (i.e. permanent, intermittent or transient) to each detected fault so that the corresponding fault parameters can be estimated. The estimated fault parameters are then used to derive the optimal retry period that minimizes the mean task completion time. Efficient algorithms are developed to determine the optimal retry period online upon detection of each fault. To evaluate the goodness of the proposed retry policy, it is compared with, and is always found to outperform, a number of fixed retry period policies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF (W(N2)2(DPE)2) WITH HFECO3(CO)12 IN AQUEOUS AND HALOGENATED SOLVENTS TO FORM HYDRAZIDO(2‐) HYDROXO COMPLEXES OF TUNGSTEN(IV) AND DIHALO COMPLEXES OF TUNGSTEN(III). CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF (WCL2(DPE)2)BF4.1/3CH2CL2 (1985)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Distickstoff‐Komplexes (I) mit dem Hydridometallcarbonyl (II) in HzO/THF liefert den Hydrazido(2 ‐ )‐hydroxo‐Komplex (IIIa), dessen Anion mit entsprechenden Salzen rasch austauschbar ist unter Bildung der Produkte (IIIb)‐(IIId).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Catalytic Method for the Friedlaender Annulation Mediated by Peptide Coupling Agent Propylphosphonic Anhydride (T3P®). (2012)

Abstract T3P is utilized as efficient water‐scavenging agent to access carbocyclic and heterocyclic fused quinolines.
Abstract 441: Role of Nitric Oxide and S-nitrosylation in Cardiomyogenesis by iPSCs (2017)

Introduction: The mechanism by which signaling pathways, such as Wnt and BMP interact and modulate each other’s function is crucial to our understanding of cardiomyogenesis and cardiomyocyte proliferation. Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that can trigger cardiac differentiation of stem cells, suggesting a cardiogenic function of NO synthase(s) (NOS). Hypothesis: NO modulates transcription factor function during pluripotency and differentiation toward a cardiac phenotype. Methods: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were derived from fibroblasts from wildtype mice and mice lacking S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR -/- ), a denitrosylase that regulates protein S-nitrosylation. iPSCs were differentiated into functional cardiomyocytes from embryoid bodies (EBs) via the hanging-drop method. Results: During differentiation into cardiomyocytes, GSNOR -/- iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes exhibited reduced expression of mesoderm induction-related ( Brachyury ), cardiac mesoderm (Kdr , Isl-1 ) and cardiac progenitor genes ( Nkx2.5 , GATA4 ). Axin-1, an inducer of apoptosis and negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway and MAPK pathways, specifically p38, were increased on EB-Day (D)4. In contrast, SMAD1/5/8, members of the BMP canonical signaling pathway, were reduced beginning on EB-D8. Increased p38 is associated with reduced GATA4 expression and differentiation of human ES cells into cardiomyocytes. Decreased SMAD1/5/8 is likely at least in part responsible for the reduced expression of Nkx2.5. Conclusions: Our findings support that the absence of GSNOR modulates Wnt/β-catenin and BMP signaling pathways during cardiogenesis, resulting in reduced expression of mesoderm, cardiac mesoderm and cardiac progenitor genes. These findings are expected to have important implications for regenerative medicine and can provide new targets for iPS cell-based therapy.
Reaktive Grenzschichten in metallischen Wälzkontakten (2014)

Die Ausbildung von tribologisch gunstigen Grenzschichten ist eine haufig fur die Phase des Einlaufs angenommene Modellvorstellung. Solche tribologisch gunstige, durch Reibungsvorgange im Kontaktbereich induzierte Triboschichten, werden in der Fachliteratur auch als sog. Beilby- und Cervovit-Schichten oder auch als Tribomutationen bezeichnet. Durch eine Vorkonditionierung mittels modifizierter Schmierstoffe oder durch Kaltverfestigung kann der Verschleis in Walzkontakten signifikant erniedrigt werden. Bislang ausgeblieben ist eine deutliche Reibungsminderung, aber es wurde keine Reibungserhohung gemessen. Es waren die Ziele, mithilfe geeigneter Schmierstoffadditive in Verbindung mit dem Prozess des Kaltverfestigens durch das „Dichtwalzen“ (unter Hertz’schen Kontaktpressungen oberhalb von Pmax = 3,0 GPa), ohne Vorschadigung, eine metallurgische Veranderung zu erzielen und gleichzeitig durch einen induzierten Tribofilm geschutzte Stahloberflache zu erhalten, sodass thermochemische Behandlungen durch diese Konzepte einzeln oder kombiniert substituiert werden konnen.
Pregnancy after medical management of a uterine arteriovenous malformation. A case report. (2000)

To our knowledge, this is the first report of pregnancy and vaginal delivery in a woman with a prior history of a medically managed uterine arteriovenous malformation. Noninvasive treatment of uterine arteriovenous malformations is rare, and the potential long-term risks of this approach, including pregnancy, remain uncertain.
Microsecond Microfluidic Mixing for Investigation of Protein Folding Kinetics (2003)

We have developed and characterized a mixer to study the reaction kinetics of protein folding on a microsecond timescale. The mixer uses hydrodynamic focusing of pressure-driven flow in a microfluidic channel to reduce diffusion times as first demonstrated by Knight et al.[1]. Features of the mixer include 1 {micro}s mixing times, sample consumptions of order 1 nl/s, loading sample volumes on the order of microliters, and the ability to manufacture in fused silica for compatibility with most spectroscopic methods.
AC3N: Anonymous communication in Content-Centric Networking (2016)

Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is an emerging (inter-)networking architecture with the goal of becoming an alternative to the IP-based Internet. To be considered a viable candidate, CCN must at least have parity with existing solutions for confidential and anonymous communication, e.g., TLS, tcpcrypt, and Tor. ANDa̅NA (Anonymous Named Data Networking Application) was the first proposed solution that addressed the lack of anonymous communication in Named Data Networking (NDN)-a variant of CCN. However, its design and implementation led to performance issues that hinder practical use. In this paper we introduce AC3N: Anonymous Communication for Content-Centric Networking. AC3N is an evolution of the ANDa̅NA system that supports high-throughput and low-latency anonymous content retrieval. We discuss the design and initial performance results of this new system.
Sequential and click-type postfunctionalization of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) for realization of n-doped multiplet state (2012)

Regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) was postfunctionalized by a three-step high-yielding reaction producing an electron-accepting 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-diene unit at the regioregular position of the thiophene rings. Electrochemical measurements of the postfunctionalized polythiophene derivative showed two one-electron reduction waves with the first reduction potential of −0.66 V (vs. Fc/Fc+). The electrochemically generated poly(anionic radical)s were confirmed by their electron spin resonance (ESR) signals. The magnetic measurements of the poly(anionic radical)s, produced by chemical reduction with cobaltocene or decamethylcobaltocene, suggested the multiplet state (S ∼ 2/2) at low temperatures.
Synthesis of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) macromonomers (1987)

Abstract Macromonomers of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) were synthesized according to a two‐step method. ω‐Hydroxypolycaprolactone was first obtained by protonic deactivation of the growing alkoxide site, under conditions such as to minimize the draw‐backs of anionic polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone: slow initiation with respect to propagation, occurrence of reshuffling and backbiting reactions. In a second stage, the polymer was fitted with an endstanding unsaturation, according to methods derived from peptide chemistry. The macromonomers obtained were characterized accurately (control of MWD, functionalization).
Development of a Direction-variable Liquid Crystal Meta-surface Reflector (2022)

Reconfigurable meta-surface reflectors, which are key components of intelligent radio environment (IRE) and intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs), have recently been gathering attention as a solution for coverage hole problems of mobile communication areas. In recent researches, many proposals related to a reconfigurable meta-surface reflector using diodes and new materials such as liquid crystal (LC) and graphene have been reported. Although reconfigurable metasurface reflectors using new materials have the capability to control reflection waves, it remains a concept and a simulation in high-frequency bands, which are not used in current mobile communication service. In this paper, we proposed and developed the world's first direction-variable liquid crystal meta-surface reflector. Through electromagnetic field simulation based on FDTD and measurement in an anechoic chamber, it was verified that the proposed meta-surface reflector achieves 260-degree reflection phase control in each unit cell and ±60-degree reflection direction control.
A clinical investigation of the efficacy of two dentifrices for the reduction of supragingival calculus formation. (2008)

The overall results of this double-blind clinical study support the conclusion that after twelve weeks' use of a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan/2.0% PVM/MA copolymer/0.243% sodium fluoride in a 17% dual silica base provides significantly greater control of supragingival calculus formation relative to that of a commercially available dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base.
Study of high temperature stable fiber Bragg gratings fabricated in silica based fiber (2010)

The temperature stability of fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) fabricated in SMF-28, all-silica core, and high Ge content fibers is investigated. FBG's fabricated in hydrogen loaded SMF-28 and all-silica core fiber are shown to possess high temperature stability. The magnitude of the Bragg resonance in high Ge content fiber is shown to increase with annealing temperature until, at 1000 &deg;C, the grating slowly erases.
( 5Z )‐4‐bromo‐5‐(bromomethylene)‐3‐butyl‐2( 5H )‐furanone reduces corrosion from Desulfotomaculum orientis (2004)

(5Z)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-3-butyl-2(5H)-furanone (furanone) from the red marine alga Delisea pulchra was found previously to inhibit the growth, swarming and biofilm formation of Gram-positive bacteria (Ren et al., 2002, Lett Appl Microbiol 34: 293-299). In the present study, the Gram-positive sulphate-reducing bacterium (SRB), Desulfotomaculum orientis, was used to study the inhibition of mild steel corrosion due to the addition of furanone. The weight loss from batch coupon experiments incubated with 40 microg x ml(-1) furanone was reduced fivefold compared with samples that lacked furanone. Analysis of the metal surface with environmental scanning electron microscopy further confirmed the protection afforded by the addition of furanone. In agreement with the corrosion inhibition, most probable number (MPN) analysis showed that 20 and 40 microg x ml(-1) furanone inhibited 58% and 96% of the D. orientis growth respectively. Hence, furanone has the potential to inhibit microbial-induced corrosion related to Gram-positive bacteria.
NIKA 2: next-generation continuum/polarized camera at the IRAM 30 m telescope and its prototype (2016)

NIKA 2 (New Instrument of Kids Array) is a next generation continuum and polarized instrument successfully installed in October 2015 at the IRAM 30 m telescope on Pico-Veleta (Granada, Spain). NIKA 2 is a high resolution dual-band camera, operating with frequency multiplexed LEKIDs (Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors) cooled at 100 mK. Dual color images are obtained thanks to the simultaneous readout of a 1020 pixels array at 2 mm and 1140 x 2 pixels arrays at 1.15 mm with a final resolution of 18 and 12 arcsec respectively, and 6.5 arcmin of Field of View (FoV). The two arrays at 1.15 mm allow us to measure the linear polarization of the incoming light. This will place NIKA 2 as an instrument of choice to study the role of magnetic fields in the star formation process. The NIKA experiment, a prototype for NIKA 2 with a reduced number of detectors (about 400 LEKIDs) and FoV (1.8 arcmin), has been successfully operated at the IRAM 30 telescope in several open observational campaigns. The performance of the NIKA 2 polarization setup has been successfully validated with the NIKA prototype.
Uphill Transport of Saccharides across an Anion-Exchange Membrane (1998)

Abstract Unmodified carbohydrates were transported across an anion-exchange membrane from a neutral solution cell (Part O) to a basic solution cell (Part A) against their concentration gradients. The amount of each sugar transported across the membrane tended to decrease along with an increase in the pKa value of the sugar. The transportation was dependent on the presence of a hydroxide-ion concentration gradient. These results suggest the uphill transport of sugars based on a coupled counter-transport of hydroxide ion through the anion-exchange membrane. A comparison of the transportation of monosaccharides with that of disaccharides showed that the steric bulkiness of the sugar molecules affected the amount of each sugar transported. Among the water-soluble organic solvents which have a membrane swelling effect, acetonitrile, having the larger dielectric constant, was found to be a highly effective cosolvent to facilitate uphill transport. When aqueous KOH (10 mM) containing d-fructose (2 mM) was added to Part A and a solution of d-fructose (2 mM) in a 3 : 7 mixture of water and acetonitrile was added to Part O, the dialysis at 20 °C for 3 h changed the ratio of the amount of d-fructose in Part A to the amount of d-fructose in Part O from 50 : 50 to 72 : 28.
Virtual Screening for Kinase Targets (2004)

Kinases have become a major area of drug discovery and structure-based design. Hundreds of 3D structures for more than thirty different kinases are available to the public. High structural and sequence homology within the kinase gene family makes the remaining kinases ideal targets for homology modeling and virtual screening. Somewhat surprisingly, however, the number of publications about virtual screening of kinases is very low. Therefore, rather than reviewing the field of virtual screening for kinases, we attempt here a hybrid approach of presenting what is known and common practice together with new studies on CDK2 and SRC kinase. To illustrate the challenges and pitfalls of virtual screening for kinase targets we focus on the question of how ranking is influenced by the database screened, the docking scheme, the scoring function, the activity of the compounds used for testing, and small changes in the binding pocket. In addition, a case study of finding irreversible inhibitors of ErbB2 through in silico screening is presented.
Self-assembled hydrogels utilizing polymer–nanoparticle interactions (2015)

Mouldable hydrogels that flow on applied stress and rapidly self-heal are increasingly utilized as they afford minimally invasive delivery and conformal application. Here we report a new paradigm for the fabrication of self-assembled hydrogels with shear-thinning and self-healing properties employing rationally engineered polymer-nanoparticle (NP) interactions. Biopolymer derivatives are linked together by selective adsorption to NPs. The transient and reversible interactions between biopolymers and NPs enable flow under applied shear stress, followed by rapid self-healing when the stress is relaxed. We develop a physical description of polymer-NP gel formation that is utilized to design biocompatible gels for drug delivery. Owing to the hierarchical structure of the gel, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs can be entrapped and delivered with differential release profiles, both in vitro and in vivo. The work introduces a facile and generalizable class of mouldable hydrogels amenable to a range of biomedical and industrial applications.
The Promise of 2-D Materials for Scaled Digital and Analog Applications (2023)

Until the early 2000s, two-dimensional (2-D) materials were presumed to be fundamentally unstable; now, they might be the most promising candidates to replace silicon in scaled MOSFET technology [1]. Throughout the scaling roadmap, silicon has been the channel material of choice thanks to its high carrier mobilities, natural ubiquity, good quality native oxide and well-controllable crystallinity. This has remained true with the introduction of the FinFET architecture, which counteracts short-channel effects (SCE) by partially enveloping the channel with the gate. For gate lengths <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(L_{\mathsf{G}})$</tex> below 20nm, however, even more disruptive architectures are under investigation in which the channel consists of a stack of wide and thin “nanosheets” surrounded by the gate on all sides (see Fig. 1). In such devices, reducing the thickness of the nanosheets improves gate control and thereby prevents SCE. Unfortunately, the mobility of carriers in silicon degrades significantly below a thickness of 3nm, owing to enhanced scattering due to thickness variations along the length of the channel. The channel mobility is further degraded by dangling bonds at the surfaces, which increase in relative importance as the thickness is scaled. The mobility penalty and associated drive current loss in thin layers of Si therefore poses a fundamental limitation to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$L_{\mathsf{G}}$</tex> scaling in Si channel transistors.