gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Electrical Performance of Glass Diplexer Modules (2019)

Abstract A process has been developed to manufacture a glass diplexer module using conventional laminate circuit board processes that have been adapted to handle glass substrates. Over the past few years we have evaluated both Cu plating and electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) to produce a through glass via (TGV). From this work, it has been determined that Cu plating is a preferred process to form a robust TGV in a manufacturing environment. A Cu plated TGV nicely compliments our semi-additive plating (SAP) processes to produce fine line Cu circuitry on both sides of a glass substrate. In addition, we have successfully laminated an Ajinomoto Buildup Film (ABF) to both sides of a glass substrate having TGVs. The ABF completely filled the vias and also maintained uniform flatness on both sides. The resulting interposer was very flat and suitable for the next level of Cu plating using SAP. The ABF material was able to form high quality blind vias using laser drilling. A more comprehensive characterization of the glass diplexer modules will be presented, which will include X-sections of a double-sided Cu circuitry and Cu MIM (metal-insulator-metal) capacitors and inductors. In addition, the first set of electrical test data will be presented and compared with the modeling work done to date.
Localized Glaucomatous Change Detection within the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Framework (2012)

With a stronger control of type I errors, k-FWER in POD framework minimized confirmatory follow-ups while providing diagnostic accuracy comparable to TCA. Thus, POD with k-FWER shows promise to reduce the number of confirmatory follow-ups required for clinical care and studies evaluating new glaucoma treatments. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00221897.).
MACROMOLECULES (2012)

In the fourth and final part of the book we develop MASS models that include macromolecular functions that are coupled with metabolites. Many proteins in cells bind to small molecules and the bound states of the proteins have different functions than the unbound forms.
Dissolution inhibitors and modulators for chemical amplification resists. (1990)

Aliphatic esters, like malonates, β-ketoesters and acetone dicarboxylic acid esters as well as meldrums acid derivatives, which decompose upon acid catalysis to volatile compounds were evaluated as dissolution inhibitors and modulators for chemical amplification resist systems. The retention of these compounds in resist films under prebake conditions, their interaction with the resin as well as the acid catalyzed decomposition mechanism was investigated. Our studied have shown that these compounds function well as dissolution inhibitors in novolac matrices, but their ability to inhibit the dissolution of poly-vinylphenol is not very effective and therefore the process window is very narrow. However, select esters can be used as dissolution modulators in combination with special resins, for instance poly-vinylphenol protected partially with tetrahydropyranyl groups, where the resin performs the function of inhibition. The dissolution modulators just act in order to increases the discrimination between ex osed and unexposed parts, since they remains nearly uneffected in unexposed areas, but contribute to enhanced alkaline solubility of exposed areas, due to the formation of carboxylic acids upon photoinduced acid catalyzed decomposition. Such chemical amplified deep UV resist systems exhibit high sensitivity (20-40mJ/cm2) and resolution (0.5μm L/S).
Tumor necrosis factor and IFN induce a common set of proteins. (1988)

The treatment of cells with TNF or IFN results in the development of an antiviral state and in the induction of a common set of proteins with m.w. of 80,000, 67,000, and 56,000. The induction of the 80,000- and 56,000-Da proteins after TNF treatment is dependent on the synthesis of an intermediary protein, whereas the induction of the 67,000-Da protein appears to occur as a direct result of the TNF treatment. The effects of antibodies to IFN on the TNF-mediated effects have been evaluated and reveal that the incubation of TNF-treated cells with antibody to rIFN-beta 1 greatly reduces the antiviral effectiveness of the TNF treatment and blocks the ability of TNF to induce the 80,000-Da protein. Incubation with antibodies to either IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma failed to affect the TNF-mediated responses. Thus, the induction by TNF of each of the proteins is regulated differently and is mediated through both IFN-dependent and IFN-independent mechanisms.
Characterization of two new putative adhesins of Leptospira interrogans (2016)

We here report the characterization of two novel proteins encoded by the genes LIC11122 and LIC12287, identified in the genome sequences of Leptospira interrogans, annotated, respectively, as a putative sigma factor and a hypothetical protein. The CDSs LIC11122 and LIC12287 have signal peptide SPII and SPI and are predicted to be located mainly at the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacteria. The genes were cloned and the proteins expressed using Escherichia coli. Proteinase K digestion showed that both proteins are surface exposed. Evaluation of interaction of recombinant proteins with extracellular matrix components revealed that they are laminin binding and they were called Lsa19 (LIC11122) and Lsa14 (LIC12287), for Leptospiral-surface adhesin of 19 and 14 kDa, respectively. The bindings were dose-dependent on protein concentration, reaching saturation, fulfilling the ligand-binding criteria. Reactivity of the recombinant proteins with leptospirosis human sera has shown that Lsa19 and, to a lesser extent, Lsa14, are recognized by antibodies, suggesting that, most probably, Lsa19 is expressed during infection. The proteins interact with plasminogen and generate plasmin in the presence of urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Plasmin generation in Leptospira has been associated with tissue penetration and immune evasion strategies. The presence of a sigma factor on the cell surface playing a secondary role, probably mediating host -pathogen interaction, suggests that LIC11122 is a moonlighting protein candidate. Although the biological significance of these putative adhesins will require the generation of mutants, our data suggest that Lsa19 is a potential candidate for future evaluation of its role in adhesion/colonization activities during L. interrogans infection.
A comparison of two rainfall disaggregation models (2012)

Whitin the context of flood management, and generally for performing environmental, climate, hydrological, and water resources analysis, it is useful and reliable to provide scenarios by rainfall simulation, in order to overcome data limitations in terms of time and spatial resolution. Generally, it is required that the stochastic model preserves important properties of the rainfall process, such as intermittency, seasonality and scaling behavior in space and time, so that there will be no substantial differences between historical rainfall data and synthetic records. In this work, two rainfall disaggregation models are evaluated in terms of their ability to reproduce rainfall hourly statistics in four sites in Central Italy. The considered models are an entropy based disaggregation model and Hyetos-R (Bartlett-Lewis rectangular pulses rainfall). © 2012 American Institute of Physics.
Complementarity and redundancy of innate lymphoid cells (2016)

International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, AUG 21-26, 2016
A phased, diploid assembly of the Cascade hop (Humulus lupulus) genome reveals patterns of selection and haplotype variation (2019)

Abstract Hop (Humulus lupulus L. var Lupulus) is a diploid, dioecious plant with a history of cultivation spanning more than one thousand years. Hop cones are valued for their use in brewing, and around the world, hop has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments. Efforts to determine how biochemical pathways responsible for desirable traits are regulated have been challenged by the large, repetitive, and heterozygous genome of hop. We present the first report of a haplotype-phased assembly of a large plant genome. Our assembly and annotation of the Cascade cultivar genome is the most extensive to date. PacBio long-read sequences from hop were assembled with FALCON and phased with FALCON-Unzip. Using the diploid assembly to assess haplotype variation, we discovered genes under positive selection enriched for stress-response, growth, and flowering functions. Comparative analysis of haplotypes provides insight into large-scale structural variation and the selective pressures that have driven hop evolution. Previous studies estimated repeat content at around 60%. With improved resolution of long terminal retrotransposons (LTRs) due to long-read sequencing, we found that hop is nearly 78% repetitive. Our quantification of repeat content provides context for the size of the hop genome, and supports the hypothesis of whole genome duplication (WGD), rather than expansion due to LTRs. With our more complete assembly, we have identified a homolog of cannabidiolic acid synthase (CBDAS) that is expressed in multiple tissues. The approaches we developed to analyze a phased, diploid assembly serve to deepen our understanding of the genomic landscape of hop and may have broader applicability to the study of other large, complex genomes.
Stereoselective synthesis of a nonracemic hydronaphthalene subunit of kijanolide (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective synthesis of a nonracemic hydronaphthalene subunit of kijanolideJames A. Marshall, James M. Salovich, and Barry G. ShearerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 8, 2398–2403Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00295a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00295a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views587Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
P3–383: Involvement of glutaredoxin–1 and thioredoxin–1 in beta–amyloid toxicity and Alzheimer's disease (2006)

Oxidative stress has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and β–amyloid (Aβ) has been suggested to be a source of oxidative stress. Thioredoxin 1 (TRX1) and glutaredoxin 1 (GRX1) are two endogenous antioxidants that are important for maintaining the redox status. The role of these proteins in AD has not been thoroughly investigated. TRX1 and GRX1 also participate in the regulation of apoptosis, through Apoptosis Signaling Kinase 1 (ASK1), and apoptosis has been proposed as one cause of cell death in AD brain. ASK1 is bound to the reduced state of GRX1 and TRX1, but when they are oxidized ASK1 is liberated and can activate the MAPK–cascade, possibly leading to apoptosis. To investigate the GRX1 and TRX1 antioxidant systems in AD brain and in Aβ–toxicity in SH–SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against GRX1 and TRX1 was performed in brains from patients with AD and in healthy controls. For in vitro experiments human SH–SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated for 1, 5 or 24 h with Aβ(1–42), 10 μM. Redox analysis of GRX1 and TRX1 was performed by redox western blotting using the thiol–specific probe AMS. Catalase activity was analyzed by an assay using the peroxidatic activity of catalase to transform methanol and hydrogen peroxide into formaldehyde. Levels of reduced glutathione were determined using the dye monochlorobimane. We examined the levels of GRX1 and TRX1 in AD brains and found an increase in GRX1 and a decrease in neuronal TRX1 levels. Aβ caused a rapid (1 h) and transient oxidation of both GRX1 and TRX1, while other antioxidant systems (catalase and glutathione) were affected later (5 and 24 h). Aβ also activated the ASK1–signaling cascade in SH–SY5Y cells. Cells transfected with GRX1 or TRX1 cells were resistant against Aβ–toxicity. We hypothesize that Aβ could induce apoptosis by activating ASK1 through oxidation of the redox proteins TRX1 and GRX1. Deregulation of the GRX1 and TRX1 antioxidant systems could be important events in AD pathogenesis.
Dimeric Stilbenes from Stem Lianas of Gnetum africanum (2002)

Two new stilbene dimers; gneafricanins A, B and bisisorhapontigenin B were isolated from the stem lianas of Gnetum africanum (Gnetaceae) along with eight known stilbenoids; longusol A, gnetin C, gnetin D, gnetin E, gnetofolin E, gnetol, isorhapontigenin and resveratrol.The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectral analysis. Gnetum africanumWelw. is one of the two species of Gnetaceae distributed in Africa and little phytochemical study of the plant has been reported. 1The plant grows widely in the tropical rain forest of South Eastern Nigeria and Western Cameroon.The plant is popularly known as afang or okazi in Nigeria, the leaves are not only eaten finely shredded for soup or made up into condiments, but also used for the treatment of enlarged spleen and sore throat. 2 Previously we reported, the occurrence of oligostilbenes in the stem lianas of Gnetum parvifolium 3 and G. gnemonoides. 4In this paper we describe the structure elucidation of new stilbene dimers named gneafricanins A (2) and B (3), isolated from the stem lianas of G. africanum along with bisisorhapontigenin B 5 (1) as a naturally occuring stilbene dimer and eight known stilbenoids.
Characterization of the Escherichia coliςE Regulon (2001)

Escherichia coli responds to the accumulation of misfolded proteins by inducing the transcription of heat shock genes. Efinal sigma(E) RNA polymerase controls one of the two heat shock regulons of E. coli. This regulon is activated upon accumulation of misfolded polypeptides in the double membrane envelope of E. coli. final sigma(E) (RpoE) is a member of the extracytoplasmic function subfamily of sigma factors. Here we asked how many genes are activated by Efinal sigma(E) RNA polymerase and what is the identity of these genes. Using two independent genetic approaches, 20 E. coli promoters were identified which activate reporter gene transcription in a final sigma(E)-dependent manner. In all cases examined, a canonical final sigma(E) binding site could be revealed upon mapping transcriptional start sites. 10 identified promoters activated the transcription of previously identified genes with four genes acting directly on the folding of E. coli envelope proteins (dsbC, fkpA, skp, and surA). The remaining promoters transcribed genes that are presumed to encode hitherto unknown extracytoplasmic functions and were named ecf (ecfA-ecfM). Two of these ecf genes were found to be essential for E. coli growth.
Epitaxial nucleation and growth of chemically derived Ba2YCu3O7−x thin films on (001) SrTiO3 (1995)

The nucleation and growth kinetics of epitaxial Ba2YCu3O7−x thin films prepared on (001) SrTiO3 by postdeposition annealing of a chemically derived intermediate layer were investigated in specimens quenched from the growth anneal. The films were produced by spin-on deposition of a metal-organic precursor solution at room temperature and ambient pressure, and subsequent postdeposition annealing to form Ba2YCu3O7−x (BYC). Integrated x-ray intensities of reflections from the majority, c-axis-normal epitaxial BYC in the films were analyzed as a function of time at annealing temperature. Data collected from specimens annealed at 730 and 750 °C were consistent with upward growth of the BYC from nuclei at the substrate surface with a constant growth rate. The linear transformation kinetics suggest the growth process is controlled by molecular processes at the BYC/intermediate interface, and is not rate limited by diffusion. The activation energy for film growth along its [001] axis was estimated to be ∼5 eV. The microstructure of fully annealed films grown on (001) SrTiO3 was, in general, similar to that of films prepared on (001) LaAlO3 using the same metal-organic deposition technique. The volume fraction of the c-axis in-plane epitaxial orientation in films on (001) SrTiO3 was, however, much smaller than in films prepared identically on (001) LaAlO3. Vicinal polishing of the SrTiO3 by as much as 2.5° off [001] in the direction of [101] increased the volume fraction of c-axis in-plane domains in the films somewhat. These domains were preferentially oriented so that their (001) planes were parallel to the steps in the SrTiO3 surface. The fraction of the films on vicinal SrTiO3 occupied by c-axis in-plane domains was, however, still significantly less than that present in BYC films prepared on nominally on-axis (001) LaAlO3.
Fashion is Taking Shape: Understanding Clothing Preference Based on Body Shape From Online Sources (2018)

To study the correlation between clothing garments and body shape, we collected a new dataset (Fashion Takes Shape), which includes images of female users with clothing category annotations. Despite the progress in body shape estimation from images, it turns out to be challenging to infer body shape from such diverse, real-world photos. Hence, we propose a novel and robust multi-photo approach to estimate body shapes of each user and build a conditional model of clothing categories given body-shape. We demonstrate that in real-world data, clothing categories and body-shapes are correlated and show that our multi-photo approach leads to a better predictive model for clothing categories compared to models based on single-view shape estimates or manually annotated body types. We see our method as the first step towards the large-scale understanding of clothing preferences from body shape.
Selective Tungsten Chemical Vapor Deposition with High Deposition Rate for ULSI Application (1994)

For the application of selective tungsten chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on ULSI device fabrication, two serious problems still remain: loss of selectivity and damage on devices. Selective tungsten deposition with the high rate of 1 µm/min has been achieved by a new CVD system having a cold susceptor, where the high selectivity has been well maintained continuously. We have also found that the tungsten-Si contacts with good performance of low contact resistance and no device damage can be formed by controlling the initial growth of tungsten.
Multi-section CT angiography for detection of cerebral aneurysms. (2004)

Multi-section CT angiography has a high sensitivity in detecting aneurysms (especially aneurysms > 3 mm). However, CT angiography is currently not sensitive enough to replace digital subtraction angiography.
Energy-tunable photocatalysis by hot carriers generated by surface plasmon polaritons (2019)

Hot carrier generation by surface plasmon polariton was demonstrated in a metal/semiconductor heterofilm and a bare metal film for energy-tunable photocatalysis.
Quantification of hydrogen in nanostructured hydrogenated passivating contacts for silicon photovoltaics combining SIMS-APT-TEM: A multiscale correlative approach (2021)

Multiscale characterization of the hydrogenation process of silicon solar cell contacts based on c-Si/SiOx/nc-SiCx(p) has been performed by combining dynamic secondary ion mass-spectrometry (D-SIMS), atom probe tomography (APT), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These contacts are formed by high-temperature firing, which triggers the crystallization of SiCx, followed by a hydrogenation process to passivate remaining interfacial defects. Due to the difficulty of characterizing hydrogen at the nm-scale, the exact hydrogenation mechanisms have remained elusive. Using a correlative TEM-SIMS-APT analysis, we are able to locate hydrogen trap sites and quantify the hydrogen content. Deuterium (D), a heavier isotope of hydrogen, is used to distinguish hydrogen introduced during hydrogenation from its background signal. D-SIMS is used, due to its high sensitivity, to get an accurate deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio, which is then used to correct deuterium profiles extracted from APT reconstructions. This new methodology to quantify the concentration of trapped hydrogen in nm-scale structures sheds new insights on hydrogen distribution in technologically important photovoltaic materials.
The relationship between phospholipids and insulin resistance: From clinical to experimental studies (2018)

Insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet and impropriate life style is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies in metabolic dysfunction have extended this beyond simply elevated cholesterol and triglycerides levels and have identified a key role for lipid metabolism. For example, altered phospholipid metabolism has now become central in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. In this review, we discuss the association between insulin sensitivity and phospholipid metabolism and highlight the most significant discoveries generated over the last several decades. Finally, we summarize the current knowledge surrounding the molecular mechanisms related to phospholipids and insulin resistance and provide new insight for future research into their relationship.
10107 Influence of surface wettability on the friction of PVA roller brushes (2015)

In order to gain insight into the mechanisms of polyvinyl acetal (PVA) roller brush cleaning in semiconductor device fabrication, we measure the friction force between two types of roller brushes and several surfaces to evaluate the influence of surface wettability. In addition, contact and water behavior between nodule and surface was observed by high-speed video camera. When the roller brush with four rows nodule scrubs on large contact angle surface, the friction force also shows large value. In addition, the time series of friction force of single nodule also shows the different force curve depending on the surface wettability. High-speed photography indicates that the amount of water seeped out of nodule depends on the surface wettability. We believe that the water behavior during the nodule contacts play an important role for the PVA brush friction.
Randomized, Double-Blind Evaluation of Late Boost Strategies for HIV-Uninfected Vaccine Recipients in the RV144 HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trial (2017)

NCT01435135.
Resolving Chinaâ€™s Corporate Debt Problem (2016)

Corporate credit growth in China has been excessive in recent years. This credit boom is related to the large increase in investment after the Global Financial Crisis. Investment efficiency has fallen and the financial performance of corporates has deteriorated steadily, affecting asset quality in financial institutions. The corporate debt problem should be addressed urgently with a comprehensive strategy. Key elements should include identifying companies in financial difficulties, proactively recognizing losses in the financial system, burden sharing, corporate restructuring and governance reform, hardening budget constraints, and facilitating market entry. A proactive strategy would trade off short-term economic pain for larger longer-term gain.