gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of perpendicularly magnetized Ta|CoFeB|MgO-based tunnel junctions at IBM (invited) (2014)

The discovery of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in Ta|CoFeB|MgO and the subsequent development of perpendicularly magnetized tunnel junctions at IBM is reviewed. The fast-turn-around method used for screening materials for interface PMA by measuring the moment/area and anisotropy field of in-plane materials as a function of CoFeB thickness is presented, including the data as a function of seed-layer material which led to the discovery of PMA in Ta|CoFeB|MgO. Magnetic and electrical data are reported for the first PMA magnetic tunnel junction we made using this material. By inserting a thin Fe layer at the Ta|CoFeB interface, a substantial increase in the PMA energy density was obtained. Pure Fe layers (which required the use of a TaMg seed) greatly improved the thermal stability, allowing annealing up to 400 °C.
Simplified Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Pediatric Hand Wounds (2009)

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is commonly used as a bolster for skin grafts. The technique offers the benefit of negative pressure as well as reduced dressing changes. Skin grafting of the hand provides a unique challenge, and currently, the only commercially available NPWT hand dressings are adult-sized, precluding their use in small children. We present our custom NPWT "mitten" technique for use with skin grafts on the pediatric hand.
Vector approximate message passing for the generalized linear model (2016)

The generalized linear model (GLM), where a random vector x is observed through a noisy, possibly nonlinear, function of a linear transform output z = Ax, arises in a range of applications such as robust regression, binary classification, quantized compressed sensing, phase retrieval, photon-limited imaging, and inference from neural spike trains. When A is large and i.i.d. Gaussian, the generalized approximate message passing (GAMP) algorithm is an efficient means of MAP or marginal inference, and its performance can be rigorously characterized by a scalar state evolution. For general A, though, GAMP can misbehave. Damping and sequential-updating help to robustify GAMP, but their effects are limited. Recently, a “vector AMP” (VAMP) algorithm was proposed for additive white Gaussian noise channels. VAMP extends AMP's guarantees from i.i.d. Gaussian A to the larger class of rotationally invariant A. In this paper, we show how VAMP can be extended to the GLM. Numerical experiments show that the proposed GLM-VAMP is much more robust to ill-conditioning in A than damped GAMP.
Benchmarking of Aluminum Alloys Processed by High-Pressure Torsion: Al-3% Mg Alloy for High-Energy Density Al–Air Batteries (2023)

Aluminum–air batteries are an up-and-coming alternative for high-energy density storage. However, one of the main drawbacks is the self-corrosion of aluminum alloys in alkaline electrolytes, where the batteries perform best. For that reason, new aluminum alloys resistant to corrosion are required. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques are versatile methodologies that result in metals with an ultrafine microstructure and can be used to prepare new alloys or modify their microstructure. In this study, 4N-Al (99,99%) and Al-2% Fe, Al-3% Mg, Al 1050, Al 5052, and Al 6063 alloys were studied as-received and after SPD by high-pressure torsion (HPT). We observed that the ultrafine-grained microstructure improved the resistance toward corrosion. However, the main determining factor in the resistance toward corrosion is the cathodic shift in the corrosion potential, as observed by mass loss and potentiodynamic polarization plots. Based on that, Al-3%Mg was chosen to be tested in an in-house designed aluminum–air cell with an alkaline gel electrolyte. The battery delivered up to 1407 mA h g–1, 1.7 V, and an operation time of 70 h at a current of 2 mA cm–2. Therefore, HPT represents an opportunity to easily prepare and benchmark new aluminum alloys for metal–air battery applications.
Inhibition of Wnt-1 Signaling Induces Apoptosis in β-Catenin-Deficient Mesothelioma Cells (2004)

It is known that Wnt-1 signaling inhibits apoptosis by activating beta-catenin/tcf-mediated transcription. Here, we show that blocking Wnt-1 signaling in beta-catenin-deficient mesothelioma cell lines H28 and MS-1 induces apoptotic cell death. Both Wnt-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and Dishevelled siRNA induced significant apoptosis in these cell lines. A small molecule inhibitor of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase inhibited the apoptotic cell killing induced by either Wnt-1 siRNA or Dishevelled siRNA in these cells. Our data suggest that beta-catenin-independent noncanonical pathway(s), i.e., Wnt/JNK pathway, may play a role in the apoptotic inhibition caused by Wnt-1 signaling.
Assessment of Proposed Cab Glass Coating for FAA Control Towers (2015)

Abstract : AFRL assessed the effects of an after-market coating that could possibly be applied to FAA air traffic control tower (ATCT) windows intended to improve visibility out of the towers. Based on the results of the study, there is no reason to believe the coating would degrade vision through the glass for recently coated glass for the room temperature and humidity under which the samples were measured. However, the coating can degrade the view with haze at certain times of the day based on the angle of the sun. With the unexpected result that the coated side of the glazing increased observed haze effects, it is recommended that this phenomenon be investigated further. Additionally, the coating effects the distribution of water droplets from rain in such a way that one would expect improved visibility through the coated windows.
<title>Metal halide lighting systems and optics for high-efficiency compact LCD projectors</title> (1998)

Compact LCD projectors require a high efficiency light source that has the smallest possible spatial extent. Further, they require optical systems that preserve the etendue. Current projector illumination systems have aberrations that produce a light beam whose etendue far exceeds the intrinsic etendue of the light source itself. As a result both efficiency and uniformity fall short of what is theoretically possible. We provide a theoretical framework for understanding these aberrations and the magnitude of their effect. We also present results showing the efficiency, uniformity, and other performance gains which are possible when these aberrations are corrected. This work also describes the performance of long-life, short-arc metal halide lighting systems that are able to increase screen brightness of compact projectors several fold without any increase in system power or heat. With these systems it has been possible to design and validate lamps operating at 50 Watts, producing &gt; 3,000 lumens and having excellent lumen maintenance throughout their 4,000 hour life. The benefits of the combination of an improved etendue-preserving optical system and a short-arc metal halide lamp will be demonstrated.
Fe‐N‐C Oxygen Reduction Fuel Cell Catalyst Derived from Carbendazim: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity (2014)

New non‐PGM catalysts from the family of Fe‐N‐C pyrolyzed materials are reported. They are synthesized using a templating silica powder with iron nitrate and carbendazim (CBDZ) precursors (sacrificial support method). The synthesis involves high temperature pyrolysis, followed by etching of the sacrificial support (silica) and obtaining a “self‐supported” open frame morphology catalyst. Both the temperature of heat treatment and Fe to CBDZ ratio play a crucial role in the final catalytic activity in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Prepared materials have extremely high durability in RDE tests, ending up with more than 94% of initial activity (by E 1/2 value) after 10 000 cycles in an oxygen atmosphere, which is the result we report for the first time. Evaluation of these new M‐N‐C catalysts in a single membrane electrode assembly (MEA) has shown an exceptionally high open circuit voltage (OCV) of 1 V and the world's second best performance with no IR correction. MEA tests have shown high current density of 700 mA cm ‐2 at 0.6 V and 120 mA cm ‐2 at 0.8 V. In‐depth structure‐to‐property correlation presents an evidence that Fe‐N x centers are the active sites playing a key role in oxygen reduction reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Molecular Structures of Monomeric and Hydrogen‐Bonded Dimeric Dawson‐Type Trialuminum‐Substituted Polyoxotungstates Derived under Acidic and Basic Conditions. (2014)

Abstract The monomeric α‐Dawson‐type [B‐α‐H 3 P 2 W 15 O 59 {Al (OH 2 )} 3 ] 6‐ polyoxoanion of (IV) having an overall C 3v symmetry is obtained under acidic conditions while a H‐bonded dimeric [B‐α‐H 3 P 2 W 15 O 59 {Al (OH)} 2 {Al(OH 2 )}] 2 16‐ anion with an overall S 3 symmetry is obtained under basic conditions.
Padua point interpolation and L p -norm minimisation in colour-based image indexing and retrieval (2012)

Colour has proven to be a very powerful feature for image indexing. Many examples of image retrieval systems based on colour or chromaticity histograms have been proposed, following on from the histogram intersection method of Swain and Ballard. Here the authors introduce a compact representation of the chromaticity histogram which is based on the Padua point interpolation technique. Specifically, the histogram is represented as a linear combination of Chebyshev polynomials. This bounds a certain maximum deviation, as opposed to a least-squares criterion used in previous work. With this in mind, the minimisation of different Lp norms and the L∞ norm of the error is compared.After presenting the Padua point image indexing and retrieval method, the authors compare its performance to the histogram intersection, the discrete cosine transform, and a dataset oriented method based on principal component analysis. The experiments show that the Padua points match and, in some cases, improve the performance of these methods. This is significant as the proposed method is not tuned (unlike the PCA approach to any dataset). Finally, the behaviour of the Padua point method is analysed in relation to the minimisation of different norms.
Relaxivity enhancement of aquated Tris(β‐diketonate)gadolinium(III) chelates by confinement within ultrashort single‐walled carbon nanotubes (2014)

Ultrashort single-walled carbon nanotubes loaded with gadolinium ions (gadonanotubes) have been previously shown to exhibit extremely high T1 -weighted relaxivities (>100 mm(-1) s(-1) ). To further examine the effect of nanoconfinement on the relaxivity of gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, a series of ultrashort single-walled carbon nanotube (US-tube) materials internally loaded with gadolinium chelates have been prepared and studied. US-tubes were loaded with Gd(acac)3 · 2H2 O, Gd(hfac)3 · 2H2 O, and Gd(thd)3 (acac = acetylacetone, hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetone, thd = tetramethylheptanedione). The longitudinal relaxivities of the prepared materials determined at 25°C in a 1.5 T field were 103 mm(-1) s(-1) for Gd(acac)3 · 2H2 O@US-tubes, 105 mm(-1) s(-1) for Gd(hfac)3 · 2H2 O@US-tubes and 26 mm(-1) s(-1) for Gd(thd)3 @US-tubes. Compared with the relaxivities obtained for the unloaded chelates (<10 mm(-1) s(-1) ) as well as accounting for the T1 reduction observed for the empty US-tubes, the boost in relaxivity for chelate-loaded US-tubes is attributed to confinement within the nanotube and depends on the number of coordinated water molecules.
Using paths to measure, explain, and enhance program behavior (2000)

What happens when a computer program runs? The answer can be frustratingly elusive, as anyone who has debugged or tuned a program knows. As it runs, a program overwrites its previous state, which might have provided a clue as to how the program got to the point at which it computed the wrong answer or otherwise failed. This all-too-common experience is symptomatic of a more general problem: the difficulty of accurately and efficiently capturing and analyzing the sequence of events that occur when a program executes. Program paths offer an insight into a program's dynamic behavior that is difficult to achieve any other way. Unlike simpler measures such as program profiles, which aggregate information to reduce the cost of collecting or storing data, paths capture some of the usually invisible dynamic sequencing of statements. The article exploits the insight that program statements do not execute in isolation, but are typically correlated with the behavior of previously executed code.
Analysis of nutR, a site required for transcription antitermination in phage lambda. (1987)

Deletions extending from the cro gene into boxA and nutR of the Rho-dependent tR1 terminator of bacteriophage lambda have been generated and cloned between promoters and the galK gene of Escherichia coli on a multicopy plasmid. Terminators placed between the promoters and galK restrict transcription and expression of galK on these plasmids. However, when lambda N protein is provided, and if a functional N interaction site, nutR, is intact, transcription antitermination occurs and galK expression increases. Deletions into the nutR region affect the ability to antiterminate. From the results obtained we conclude that: boxA, a site believed to bind host factors (Nus), is not required for transcription antitermination in this system; the host NusA function is required even in the absence of boxA; nutR is required for N antitermination; translation across the nutR sequence prevents N-dependent antitermination.
Nondestructive testing of aerospace composites with an infrared matrix laser vibrometer (2009)

We describe a hybrid system for real-time, full-field vibrometry, incorporating features of high-speed electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) and laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV). Based on a 2D interferometric sensor array, comprising 16 &times; 16 parallel illumination and detection channels, the matrix laser vibrometer (MLV), captures full-field data instantaneously, without beam scanning. The instrument design draws on the advantages of scale offered by modern telecommunications fiber optic and digital electronics. The resulting architecture, comprising a compact measurement probe linked by fiber optic umbilical to a remote electronics unit, facilitates practical application of the system in fullfield measurement of transient vibrations and rapid non destructive testing of composite materials.
Short-Wavelength $(\lambda\approx 3.6\ \mu{\hbox {m}})$${\hbox {In}}_{0.73}{\hbox {Ga}}_{0.27}{\hbox {As–AlAs–InP}}$ Quantum-Cascade Laser (2007)

We describe the design and implementation of a short-wavelength quantum-cascade laser emitting in the range of 3.6-3.7 mum at 77 K and in the range of 3.8-3.9 mum at 300 K. The shortest wavelength laser emission observed at 77 K is lambda=3.62 mum. The active region is based on the strain-compensated In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.73</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.27</sub> As-AlAs heterosystem on InP. The laser operates in pulsed mode up to 300 K, and in continuous-wave mode at 77 K. Laser threshold current densities are as low as 600 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 10 K, 800 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 77 K, and 3.8 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 300 K in pulsed mode. The temperature coefficient T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> is as high as 143 K. Driven with 50% duty cycle at 77 K, lasers deliver up to 70 mW average power per facet and the differential quantum efficiency is as high as 14% per cascade
Illumination invariance at a single pixel (2000)

This paper addresses the question of what can be said about the colors in images that is independent of illumination. We make two main assumptions: Firstly, the illumination can be characterized as Planckian (a realistic assumption for most real scenes). Secondly, the camera behaves as if it were equipped with narrow band sensors (true for a large number of cameras). An alternative set of assumptions (with broad-band sensors) leading to the same invariant expression is also presented to show the robustness of the invariant.The resulting physics-based method results in a transformation of the original color image to a grey-scale one which does not vary with illumination. Experiments demonstrate that the distribution of grey-scale invariants in an image is a reliable cue for illumination independent object recognition.
Multiplexed, Patterned-Paper Immunoassay for Detection of Malaria and Dengue Fever (2016)

Multiplex assays detect the presence of more than one analyte in a sample. For diagnostic applications, multiplexed tests save healthcare providers time and resources by performing many assays in parallel, minimizing the amount of sample needed and improving the quality of information acquired regarding the health status of a patient. These advantages are of particular importance for those diseases that present with general, overlapping symptoms, which makes presumptive treatments inaccurate and may put the patient at risk. For example, malaria and dengue fever are febrile illnesses transmitted through mosquito bites, and these common features make it difficult to obtain an accurate diagnosis by symptoms alone. In this manuscript, we describe the development of a multiplexed, patterned paper immunoassay for the detection of biomarkers of malaria and dengue fever: malaria HRP2, malaria pLDH, and dengue NS1 type 2. In areas coendemic for malaria and dengue fever, this assay could be used as a rapid, point-of-care diagnostic to determine the cause of a fever of unknown origin. The reagents required for each paper-based immunoassay are separated spatially within a three-dimensional device architecture, which allows the experimental conditions to be adjusted independently for each assay. We demonstrate the analytical performances of paper-based assays for each biomarker and we show that there is no significant difference in performance between the multiplexed immunoassay and those immunoassays performed in singleplex. Additionally, we spiked individual analytes into lysed human blood to demonstrate specificity in a clinically relevant sample matrix. Our results suggest multiplex paper-based devices can be an essential component of diagnostic assays used at the point-of-care.
Breaking Boundaries: Optimizing FPGA CAD with Flexible and Multi-threaded Re-Clustering (2023)

Packing and Placement are critical stages in the FPGA backend computer-aided design (CAD) flow that significantly impact the Quality-of-Results (QoR) of design implementation. Most existing approaches either compromise on generality by focusing on simplified FPGAs with limited block packing legality constraints, or sacrifice quality by making irreversible packing decisions early in the flow, thereby limiting optimization possibilities during placement.
Nested monte carlo search expression discovery for the automated design of fuzzy ART category choice functions (2019)

While the performance of many neural network and machine learning schemes has been improved through the automated design of various components of their architectures, the automated improvement of Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) neural networks remains relatively unexplored. Recent work introduced a genetic programming (GP) approach to improve the performance of the Fuzzy ART neural network employing a hyper-heuristic approach to tailor Fuzzy ART's category choice function to specific problems. The GP method showed promising results. However, GP is not the only tool that can be used for automatic improvement. Among other methods, Nested Monte Carlo Search (NMCS) was recently applied to expression discovery and outperformed traditional evolutionary approaches by finding better solutions in fewer evaluations. This work applies NMCS to the discovery of new Fuzzy ART category choice functions targeted to specific problems with results demonstrating its ability to find better performing Fuzzy ART networks than the GP approach.
SB-224289 Antagonizes the Antifungal Mechanism of the Marine Depsipeptide Papuamide A (2016)

In order to expand the repertoire of antifungal compounds a novel, high-throughput phenotypic drug screen targeting fungal phosphatidylserine (PS) synthase (Cho1p) was developed based on antagonism of the toxin papuamide A (Pap-A). Pap-A is a cyclic depsipeptide that binds to PS in the membrane of wild-type Candida albicans, and permeabilizes its plasma membrane, ultimately causing cell death. Organisms with a homozygous deletion of the CHO1 gene (cho1ΔΔ) do not produce PS and are able to survive in the presence of Pap-A. Using this phenotype (i.e. resistance to Pap-A) as an indicator of Cho1p inhibition, we screened over 5,600 small molecules for Pap-A resistance and identified SB-224289 as a positive hit. SB-224289, previously reported as a selective human 5-HT1B receptor antagonist, also confers resistance to the similar toxin theopapuamide (TPap-A), but not to other cytotoxic depsipeptides tested. Structurally similar molecules and truncated variants of SB-224289 do not confer resistance to Pap-A, suggesting that the toxin-blocking ability of SB-224289 is very specific. Further biochemical characterization revealed that SB-224289 does not inhibit Cho1p, indicating that Pap-A resistance is conferred by another undetermined mechanism. Although the mode of resistance is unclear, interaction between SB-224289 and Pap-A or TPap-A suggests this screening assay could be adapted for discovering other compounds which could antagonize the effects of other environmentally- or medically-relevant depsipeptide toxins.
Photoluminescence studies of InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells (2000)

We report measurements of photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy and photoluminescence time decay on three MOVPE-grown InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well structures with 13% In in the wells and well widths Lz = 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 nm. The PL spectra are dominated by single emission peaks, together with phonon sidebands spaced by a GaN LO phonon energy (92 meV). The peak energies are red-shifted with respect to energies calculated for exciton recombination in square quantum wells and the wide well sample also shows a significant Stokes shift between emission and absorption. Recombination lifetimes measured at 6 K are energy dependent, increasing as the photon energy is scanned downwards through the emission line. They also depend strongly on well width. On the low energy side of the 5 nm well emission line we measure lifetimes as long as 100 ns. Raising the temperature from 6 to 300 K results in a strong reduction of emission intensity for all samples and reduction of the lifetimes, though by a much smaller factor. The peak positions shift slightly to lower energy but by far less than the shift in the band edge. We consider three different theoretical models in an attempt to interpret this data, an exponential tail state model, a model of localization due to In/Ga segregation within the wells and the quantum confined Stark effect model. The QCSE model appears able to explain most of the data reasonably well, though there is evidence to suggest that, in addition, some degree of localization occurs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Methylene Complexes. Part 58. Covalent AgRh2‐ and Ionic AgRh4 Cluster Compounds via Addition of Silver(I) Halides to a Rhodium ‐ Rhodium Double Bond. (1986)

Abstract Silber(I)‐Salze reagieren mit dem Organorhodium‐Komplex (I) unter elektrophiler Addition an die Rh ‐ Rh‐Doppelbindung unter Bildung der kovalenten AgRhz‐Derivate (II) oder der salzartigen AgRm‐Clusterverbindungen (III).