gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiuser MIMO in Distributed Antenna Systems With Out-of-Cell Interference (2011)

Distributed antenna systems (DAS) augment the base station's transmit capability by adding multiple remote radio units, connected to the base station via a high bandwidth and low latency link. With DAS, the base station operates as if it had multiple antennas, but the antennas happen to be in different geographic locations. DAS have been shown to enhance coverage and capacity in cellular systems, in a variety of different configurations. This paper proposes, analyzes, and compares several downlink multiuser multiple input multiple output (MIMO) DAS strategies in terms of per-user throughput and area spectral efficiency. Zero-forcing transmit beamforming is used for transmission, the remote radio units may have one or more antennas, and the subscriber has a single receive antenna. Techniques considered include beamforming across all remote radio units (full transmission), using the same beamforming vector for each remote radio unit (simplified transmission), and selecting a subset of remote radio units. To facilitate rapid simulation and design space exploration, approximations of the ergodic rate are proposed for each technique assuming path-loss, small-scale Rayleigh fading, and out-of-cell interference. Simulations accounting for multiple interfering cells are used to compare the different transmission techniques. Full transmission is found to have the best performance even accounting for out-of-cell interference, though gains diminish for higher numbers of active users. Simplified transmission improves over no DAS but performance degrades with more active remote radio units.
Clinical measures in transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (2016)

NIS-LL, Norfolk QOL-DN score, composite endpoints of nerve fiber function, and mBMI are valid, reliable measures of TTR-FAP severity. Muscle Nerve 55: 323-332, 2017.
Modeling the vehicle‐to‐vehicle propagation channel: A review (2014)

Abstract In this paper we provide a review of the vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) wireless propagation channel. This “car‐to‐car” application will be used to improve roadway efficiency, provide unique traveler services, and can also enable safety applications that can save lives. We briefly review some currently envisioned applications and the initial V2V radio technology, then address the V2V propagation channel. Propagation basics germane to the V2V setting are described, followed by a discussion of channel dispersion and time variation. The channel impulse response and its Fourier transform, the channel transfer function, are described in detail, and their common statistical characterizations are also reviewed. The most common models for the V2V channel—the tapped delay line and geometry‐based stochastic channel models—are covered in some detail. We highlight key differences between the V2V channel and the well‐known cellular radio channel. These differences are the more rapid time variation and the higher probability of obstruction of the direct line of sight component; modeling of these effects has required some novel approaches. The V2V channel's nonstationary statistical behavior is addressed, as is the use of multiple‐antenna systems. The remaining areas for future work are also described.
Serial measurement of M. tuberculosis in blood from critically-ill patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis (2022)

BackgroundDespite being highly prevalent in hospitalised patients with severe HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) and sepsis, little is known about the mycobacteriology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bloodstream infection (MTBBSI). We developed methods to serially measure bacillary load in blood and used these to characterise MTBBSI response to anti-TB therapy (ATT) and relationship with mortality.MethodsWe established a microscopy method for direct visualisation of M. tuberculosis bacilli in blood using a novel lysis-concentration protocol and the fluorescent probe, 4-N,N-dimethylaminonaphthalimide-trehalose (DMN-Tre). We tested blood using GeneXpert® MTB/RIF-Ultra (Xpert-ultra) and Myco/F lytic culture after processing blood through lysis-wash steps to remove PCR inhibitors and anti-microbial drug carry-over. HIV-positive patients predicted to have MTBBSI gave blood samples 0, 4, 24, 48 and 72 h after ATT initiation. Bacillary loads were quantified using microscopy, Xpert-ultra cycle threshold, and culture time-to-positivity. Pharmacodynamics were modelled using these measures combined on an ordinal scale, including association with 12-week mortality.FindingsM. tuberculosis was detected in 27 of 28 recruited participants; 25 (89%) by blood Xpert-ultra, 22 (79%) by DMN-Tre microscopy, and 21 (75%) by Myco/F lytic blood culture. Eight (29%) participants died by 12-week follow-up. In a combined pharmacodynamic model, predicted probabilities of negative DMN-Tre microscopy, blood Xpert-ultra, or blood culture after 72 h treatment were 0·64, 0·27, and 0·94, respectively, in those who survived, compared with 0·23, 0·06, and 0·71 in those who died (posterior probability of slower clearance of MTBBSI in those that died >0·99). DMN-Tre microscopy of blood demonstrated heterogenous bacillary morphologies, including microcolonies and clumps. Bacillary cell-length varied significantly with ATT exposure (mean cell-length increase 0·13 log-µm/day; 95%CrI 0·10–0·16).InterpretationPharmacodynamics of MTBBSI treatment can be captured using DMN-Tre microscopy, blood Xpert-ultra and culture. This could facilitate interventional trials in severe HIV-associated TB.FundingWellcome Trust, NIH Fogarty International Center, South African MRC, NIHR(UK), National Research Foundation of South Africa.
High Aspect Ratio Plasmonic Nanostructures for Sensing Applications (2011)

We present an experimental and theoretical study of plasmonic modes in high aspect ratio nanostructures in the visible wavelength region and demonstrate their high performance for sensing applications. Ordered and well-defined plasmonic structures with various cross-sectional profiles and heights are obtained using a top-down fabrication process. We show that, compared to cylindrical nanorods, structures with split-ring resonator-like cross sections have great potential for powerful sensing due to a pronounced polarization dependence, strong field enhancement, structural tunability, and improved mechanical stability. The plasmonic structures under study exhibit high sensitivities, up to nearly 600 nm/RIU, and figures of merit above 20.
Breakdown of effective-medium theory by a photonic spin Hall effect (2023)

Effective-medium theory pertains to the theoretical modelling of homogenization, which aims to replace an inhomogeneous structure of subwavelength-scale constituents with a homogeneous effective medium. The effective-medium theory is fundamental to various realms, including electromagnetics and material science, since it can largely decrease the complexity in the exploration of light-matter interactions by providing simple acceptable approximation. Generally, the effective-medium theory is thought to be applicable to any all-dielectric system with deep-subwavelength constituents, under the condition that the effective medium does not have a critical angle, at which the total internal reflection occurs. Here we reveal a fundamental breakdown of the effective-medium theory that can be applied in very general conditions: showing it for deep-subwavelength all-dielectric multilayers even without critical angle. Our finding relies on an exotic photonic spin Hall effect, which is shown to be ultra-sensitive to the stacking order of deep-subwavelength dielectric layers, since the spin-orbit interaction of light is dependent on slight phase accumulations during the wave propagation. Our results indicate that the photonic spin Hall effect could provide a promising and powerful tool for measuring structural defects for all-dielectric systems even in the extreme nanometer scale.
Association of Serologic and Protective Responses of Avian Influenza Vaccines in Chickens (2007)

A study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of inactivated, reverse genetics-based H5N3 avian influenza vaccines and the predictive ability of a vaccination/serology model for testing vaccine batches. Serologic response, protection against mortality, and protection against viral shedding from trachea and cloaca were assessed for vaccines prepared varying only in antigen content. When the birds were grouped according to serologic response, a clear association with protection could be seen. In general, for birds possessing a nonmeasurable titer (< 10), mortality after challenge was a near certainty. Low titers of 10 to 40 resulted in the prevention of mortality but not viral shedding. Titers greater than 40 prevented mortality and reduced viral shedding. The results suggest that a test model including vaccination of chickens at 3 wk, bleeding at 6 wk, and quantitative assessment of serologic response by using a standardized hemagglutination inhibition assay system can be an excellent predictor of vaccine efficacy.
Systematic Design Methodology for On-Chip Transformers with Patterned Ground Shield (2006)

In this paper, we present a systematic design procedure for on-chip transformers with patterned ground shield fabricated in silicon IC technology. The design procedure is based on transformers key geometrical parameters, on process technology specifications, and on a wide-band and compact equivalent circuit model for on-chip transformers. The main aim is to provide designer with transformers with appropriate transformation ratio, optimum insertion loss at the targeted work frequency, and designated primary and secondary inductance values. Verification with measurement data from SiGe process demonstrates performance prediction and excellent scalability of the design methodology. This technique is suitable for design and optimization of Si-based RF integrated circuit applications
Modulation of Human Phenol Sulfotransferases Expression by Dietary Phenolic Acids (2008)

Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Polyphenols in plants are a versatile group of phytochemicals with many potentially beneficial activities in terms of disease prevention. We recently showed that dietary plant polyphenols, namely, the phenolic acids, modulate expression of an important enzyme in both cellular antioxidant defenses and detoxification of xenobiotics, i.e. phenol sulfotransferases (PST). These enzymes are traditionally known as phase II drug-metabolizing or detoxifying enzymes that facilitate the removal of drugs and other xenobiotics compounds. We showed in vitro that p-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, gentisic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid can increase the activities of both PST-P and PST-M. These phenolic acids also exhibit antioxidant activity as evaluated by ORAC and TEAC assays. Furthermore, in two- and three-compound combinations with other phenolic acids, gallic acid and gentistic acid exhibited synergistic effects in the promotion of PST activities. Moreover, animal models were used to investigate the modulatory effect of phenolic acids on hepatic phase II PST and antioxidant status in vivo, our results suggest that phenolic acids might alter sulfate conjugation and antioxidant capacity in living systems. Evidently, PST is important in phase II detoxifying systems; regulation of intracellular PST gene expression may provide an efficient approach to understanding the chemopreventive mechanisms of dietary compounds.
On algebraic soft-decision decoding algorithms for BCH codes (2001)

Three algebraic soft-decision decoding algorithms are presented for binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquengham (BCH) codes. Two of these algorithms are based on the bounded distance (BD)+1 generalized minimum-distance (GMD) decoding presented by Berlekamp (1984), and the other is based on Chase (1972) decoding. A simple algebraic algorithm is first introduced, and it forms a common basis for the decoding algorithms presented. Next, efficient BD+1 GMD and BD+2 GMD decoding algorithms are presented. It is shown that, for binary BCH codes with odd designed-minimum-distance d and length n, both the BD+1 GMD and the BD+2 GMD decoding algorithms can be performed with complexity O(nd). The error performance of these decoding algorithms is shown to be significantly superior to that of conventional GMD decoding by computer simulation. Finally, an efficient algorithm is presented for Chase decoding of binary BCH codes. Like a one-pass GMD decoding algorithm, this algorithm produces all necessary error-locator polynomials for Chase decoding in one run.
Autonomous Systems Design: Charting a New Discipline (2021)

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Editor’s notes:</i> Autonomous systems are becoming pervasive in many domains. This article presents a survey regarding various emerging research directions centered around the broad topic of autonomous systems. — <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Partha Pratim Pande, Washington State University</i>
AN ANALYSIS OF A LOW COMPLEXITY RECEIVED SIGNAL STRENGTH INDICATOR FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS (2004)

Wireless communication receivers work with radio fre-quency (RF) input signals with a huge dynamic range of 50dB and more. In order to provide the analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in the receivers with an optimal signal strength, the gains of the RF and IF (intermediate frequency) stages have to be tuned according to the strength of the RF input signal. The RF input signal strength can be estimated with a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), which is investigated in this paper. Starting from a well known es-timation scheme, we develop a RSSI with very low circuit complexity and show how this RSSI has to be calibrated in order to work properly for the class of Gaussian distributed input signals. The analyzed RSSI architecture consists of a simple logarithmic amplifier and a first-order low-pass filter in the continuous time domain and a scaling and offset cor-rection in the discrete time domain. 1.
Future directions in psychiatric neurosurgery: Proceedings of the 2022 American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery meeting on surgical neuromodulation for psychiatric disorders (2023)

The field of surgical psychiatry has made significant progress since our last expert meeting. Although weakness and threats to the development of novel surgical therapies exist, the identified strengths and opportunities promise to move the field through methodically rigorous and biologically-based approaches. The experts agree that ethics, law, patient engagement, and multidisciplinary teams will be critical to any potential growth in this area.
A flexible VLSI core for an adaptable architecture (1989)

Two major limitations concerning the design of cost-effective application-specific architectures are the recurrent costs of system-software development and hardware implementation, in particular VLSI implementation, for each architecture.
A quantitative measurement of spatial order in ventricular fibrillation (1993)

As an objective measurement of spatial order in ventricular fibrillation (VF), spatial correlation functions and their characteristic lengths were estimated from epicardial electrograms of pigs in VF. The correlation length of the VF in pigs was found to be approximately 4-10 mm, varying as fibrillation progressed. The degree of correlation decreased in the first 4 seconds after fibrillation then increased over the next minute. The correlation length is much smaller than the scale of the heart, suggesting that many independent regions of activity exist on the epicardium at any one time. On the other hand, the correlation length is 4 to 10 times the interelectrode spacing, indicating that some coherence is present. These results imply that the heart behaves during VF as a high-dimensional, but not random, system involving many spatial degrees of freedom, which may explain the lack of convergence of fractal dimension estimates reported in the literature. Changes in the correlation length also suggest that VF reorganizes slightly in the first minute after an initial breakdown in structure.
Design of highly parallel residue arithmetic circuits based on multiple-valued bidirectional current-mode MOS technology (1988)

A residue arithmetic circuit based on multiple-valued bidirectional current-mode MOS technology is proposed. Each residue digit is represented by multiple-valued coding suitable for highly parallel computation. Using the coding, mod m/sub i/ multiplication can be simply performed by a shift operation. In mod m/sub i/ addition, radix-five signed-digit full adders are used to obtain a high degree of parallelism and multiple-operand addition, so that the high-speed arithmetic operation can be achieved. A novel parallel scaling algorithm is discussed. A mod-seven three-operand multiply-adder is designed for an integrated circuit based on 10- mu m CMOS technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Design, Operation, and Controlled-Island Operation of the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2013 Microgrid (2015)

This document reports on the design and operation of a high-capacity and high-penetration-ratio microgrid, which consists of 19 photovoltaic-powered residential houses designed by collegiate teams as part of their participation in the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2013. The microgrid was interconnected with the local utility, and resulting net-power and power-quality events were recorded in high detail (1-minute data sampling or better). Also, a controlled-island operation test was conducted to evaluate the microgrid response to additional events such as increased loads (e.g., from electric vehicles) and bypassing of voltage regulators. This temporary ground-laid microgrid was stable under nominal and island-operation conditions; adverse weather and loads did not lead to power-quality degradation.
Application of Multifiber Optics in Handheld Power Tools with High Speed Two-Stroke Gasoline Engines (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;When developing effective exhaust emission reduction measures, a better understanding of the complex working cycle in crankcase scavenged two-stroke gasoline engines. However, in a two-stroke gasoline engine detailed measurement and analysis of combustion data requires significantly more effort, when compared to a lower speed four-stroke engine. Particularly demanding are the requirements regarding the high speed (&amp;gt;10,000 rpm) which inevitably goes along with heavy vibrations and high temperatures of the air cooled cylinders. Another major challenge to the measuring equipment is the increased cleaning demand of the optical sensor surface due to the two-stroke gasoline mixture. In addition, the measuring equipment has to be adapted to the small size engines. Therefore, only a fiber optical approach can deliver insight into the cylinder for analyzing the combustion performance. The multifiber optics approach delivers extremely detailed results, whereas the cylinder-pressure indication as a purely integral number, cannot visualize the inflammation phase or reveal the origin of abnormal combustion events, e.g. self-ignition.&lt;/div&gt;
A critical proteolytic cleavage site near the C terminus of the yeast retrotransposon Ty1 Gag protein (1996)

Cleavage of the Gag and Gag-Pol polyprotein precursors is a critical step in proliferation of retroviruses and retroelements. The Ty1 retroelement of Saccharomyces cerevisiae forms virus-like particles (VLPs) made of the Gag protein. Ty1 Gag is not obviously homologous to the Gag proteins of retroviruses. The apparent molecular mass of Gag is reduced from 58 to 54 kDa during particle maturation. Antibodies raised against the C-terminal peptide of Gag react with the 58-kDa polypeptide but not with the 54-kDa one, indicating that Gag is proteolytically processed at the C terminus. A protease cleavage site between positions 401 and 402 of the Gag precursor was defined by carboxy-terminal sequencing of the processed form of Gag. Certain deletion and substitution mutations in the C terminus of the Gag precursor result in particles that are two-thirds the diameter of the wild-type VLPs. While the Ty1 protease is active in these mutants, their transposition rates are decreased 20-fold compared with that of wild-type Ty1. Thus, the Gag C-terminal portion, released in the course of particle maturation, probably plays a significant role in VLP morphogenesis and Ty1 transposition.
Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty with a Porous-Coated Acetabular Component (2004)

We previously reported the seven-to-ten-year results of the use of a porous-coated acetabular metal shell in a consecutive series of 204 primary total hip arthroplasties. In the present study, we evaluated the longer-term outcomes of these arthroplasties, at fifteen to eighteen years. One hundred and thirty-six (96%) of the 142 hips available for study retained the original acetabular metal shell. Three of the 142 metal shells failed secondary to aseptic loosening. Ten hips (7%) required a change of the modular acetabular liner because of excessive wear or for the treatment of osteolysis. The fifteen-year rate of survival of the metal shell, with failure defined as revision because of loosening or radiographic evidence of loosening, was 99%. The rate of survival of cementless acetabular reconstructions was excellent at fifteen years, although osteolysis and reoperations were noted to occur much more frequently as the duration of follow-up increased. The majority of the complications were related to wear of the polyethylene liner.
Bcl-2 antagonist apogossypol (NSC736630) displays single-agent activity in Bcl-2–transgenic mice and has superior efficacy with less toxicity compared with gossypol (NSC19048) (2008)

Altered expression of Bcl-2 family proteins plays central roles in apoptosis dysregulation in cancer and leukemia, promoting malignant cell expansion and contributing to chemoresistance. In this study, we compared the toxicity and efficacy in mice of natural product gossypol and its semisynthetic derivative apo-gossypol, compounds that bind and inhibit antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Daily oral dosing studies showed that mice tolerate doses of apogossypol 2- to 4-times higher than gossypol. Hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity represented the major adverse activities of gossypol, with apogossypol far less toxic. Efficacy was tested in transgenic mice in which Bcl-2 is overexpressed in B cells, resembling low-grade follicular lymphoma in humans. In vitro, Bcl-2-expressing B cells from transgenic mice were more sensitive to cytotoxicity induced by apogossypol than gossypol, with LD50 values of 3 to 5 microM and 7.5 to 10 microM, respectively. In vivo, using the maximum tolerated dose of gossypol for sequential daily dosing, apogossypol displayed superior activity to gossypol in terms of reducing splenomegaly and reducing B-cell counts in spleens of Bcl-2-transgenic mice. Taken together, these studies indicate that apogossypol is superior to parent compound gossypol with respect to toxicology and efficacy, suggesting that further development of this compound for cancer therapy is warranted.