gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND REACTIONS OF (ZRCL3(PR3)2)2 (R = ETHYL, PROPYL, BUTYL) AND THE X‐RAY STRUCTURE OF (ZRCL3(PBU3)2)2 (1981)

Abstract Die Reduktion der aus Zr‐tetrachlorid und entsprechenden tert.‐Phosphinen in Toluol gebildeten,nicht isoliertenZr(IV)‐Verbindungen (I) mit einem Äquivalent Na‐amalgam führt zu den Titelverbindungen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Diarylacetylenes from N‐Arylmethylheteroarenes and N‐Arylmethyleneanilines. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Determination of Transverse Water Concentration Profile Through MEA in a Fuel Cell Using Neutron Scattering (2007)

International audience
Itanium processor clock design (2000)

The Itanium processor is Intel's first 64-bit microprocessor This higher integration of features requires a significant silicon real estate and high clock loading. These factors, coupled with more prominent on-die variations because of reduced device geometries, call for special techniques to manage the clock design. The Itanium processor employs very well balanced clock routing along with distributed deskew buffers (DSK) to achieve low skew. The Itanium processor also includes additional features to aid performance tuning and timing debug. This paper highlights the salient features of the Itanium processor clock design and presents clock characterization data from initial silicon.
Security Testing: Myths, Challenges, and Opportunities (2015)

Security testing is an important part of any security lifecycle (SDL) and, thus, should be a part of any software (development) lifecycle. Still, security testing is often understood as an activity done by security testers in the time between end of development and the product to customers.On the one hand, learning from traditional testing that the fixing of bugs is the more costly the later it is done in development, security testing should be integrated into the daily activities. On the other hand, developing software for the cloud and offering software in the cloud raises the need for security testing in a close-to-production or even production environment. Consequently, we need an integration of security testing into the software lifecycle.In this talk, we will report on our experiences on integrating security testing end-to-end into SAP's software lifecycle in general and, in particular, SAP's Secure Software Development Lifecycle (Stextsuperscript2DL). Moreover, we will discuss different myths, challenges, and opportunities in the are security testing.
Construction and characterization of a chimeric plasmid composed of DNA from Escherichia coli and Drosophila melanogaster (1975)

A chimeric plasmid has been constructed in vitro from colicin E1 factor (Col E1), nontransmissible R-factor RSF-1010, and Drosophila melanogaster DNAs by the sequential action of Escherichia coli endonuclease RI(Eco RI) and T4 phage DNA ligase. The chimeric plasmid was assembled in two stages--first, a composite plasmid consisting of Col E1 and RSF 1010 was constructed, followed by partial digestion of the composite with Eco RI (in order to open one of the susceptible cleavage sites) and ligation with an Eco RI-digested D. melanogaster DNA preparation. The chimeric plasmid was selected and amplified in vivo by sequential transformation of E. COLI C with the ligated mixture, selection of transformants in medium containing streptomycin plus colicin E1, followed by amplification in the presence of chloramphenicol and purification of the extracted plasmid by dye-buoyant density gradient centrifugation in ethidium bromide-CsCl solution. Treatment of the chimeric plasmid with Eco RI yields three fragments with mobilities corresponding to the linear forms of the constituents--COL E1, mol wt 4.2 times 106, RSF 1010, mol wt 5.5 times 106 and D. melanogaster DNA, mol wt 4.0 times 106. The buoyant densities of the three constituents are respectively 1.706, 1.719, and 1.697 g/cm3, while the buoyant density of the composite factor is 1.712 and that of the chimeric plasmid is 1.705. Serratia marscesens endonuclease R (Sma) which introduces a single cut in Col E1, but not in RSF 1010, converts the chimeric plasmid to a single linear molecule (mol wt 13.7 times 106) and sequential digestion with both Sma and Hin III yields two distinct fragments, mol wt 3.7 and 10.0 times 10.6, respectively; this implies that the two sites are unique and occur at distinctly different positions. Sequential digestion with both Hin III and Eco RI reveals that the Hin III cut is in the D. melanogaster segment; neither Col E1 nor RSF 1010 contain sites susceptible to digestion with Hin III. In the presence of chloramphenicol, the chimeric plasmid continues toreplicate for 9 hr while bacterial chromosomal DNA replicates at a much slower rate. As in the case of the composite plasmid, continued synthesis is the presence of chloramphenicol suggests that the replicator of Col E1 is functional in the chimeric plasmid as well. Examination of the chimeric plasmid by partial denaturation mapping permits identification of its constituents, each of which presents a characteristic profile. The D. melanogaster segment reveals a wealth of detail at the molecular level pertaining to the distribution of AT-rich regions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Acetamido‐1,5‐imino‐1,2,5‐trideoxy‐D‐mannitol and of 2‐Acetamido‐1,5‐imino‐1,2,5‐trideoxy‐D‐glucitol, a Potent and Specific Inhibitor of a Number of β‐N‐Acetylglucosaminidases. (1987)

Abstract Die im Titel genannten Verbindungen (IX) und (VI) werden ausgehend von den N‐geschützten Aminen (Ib) bzw. (Ia) auf den im Schema angegebenen Wegen synthetisiert.
Conformation of a neurokinin antagonist in solution (1992)

The hexapeptide [cyclo(Leu1 psi(CH2NH2)Leu2-Gln3-Trp4-Phe5-Gly6)]+1 is a potent antagonist of neurokinin A activity in tissues of hamster urinary bladder. The solution conformation of this cyclic hexapeptide has been characterized by the combined use of two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics. The proton spectrum of the peptide was fully assigned by the sequential assignment procedure. Interproton distances were derived from crosspeak volumes in two dimensional Nuclear Overhauser Effect spectra, and dihedral angles were calculated from appropriate coupling constants. Temperature coefficients of the amide protons were determined. Restrained molecular dynamics simulations were carried out using the backbone interproton distances as constraints. During 210 ps of restrained molecular dynamics the peptide interconverted among three closely related families of conformations. These interconversions occurred at picosecond timescales under the simulation conditions.
A Fully Human, Allosteric Monoclonal Antibody That Activates the Insulin Receptor and Improves Glycemic Control (2012)

Many patients with diabetes mellitus (both type 1 and type 2) require therapy to maintain normal fasting glucose levels. To develop a novel treatment for these individuals, we used phage display technology to target the insulin receptor (INSR) complexed with insulin and identified a high affinity, allosteric, human monoclonal antibody, XMetA, which mimicked the glucoregulatory, but not the mitogenic, actions of insulin. Biophysical studies with cultured cells expressing human INSR demonstrated that XMetA acted allosterically and did not compete with insulin for binding to its receptor. XMetA was found to function as a specific partial agonist of INSR, eliciting tyrosine phosphorylation of INSR but not the IGF-IR. Although this antibody activated metabolic signaling, leading to enhanced glucose uptake, it neither activated Erk nor induced proliferation of cancer cells. In an insulin resistant, insulinopenic model of diabetes, XMetA markedly reduced elevated fasting blood glucose and normalized glucose tolerance. After 6 weeks, significant improvements in HbA(1c), dyslipidemia, and other manifestations of diabetes were observed. It is noteworthy that hypoglycemia and weight gain were not observed during these studies. These studies indicate, therefore, that allosteric monoclonal antibodies have the potential to be novel, ultra-long acting, agents for the regulation of hyperglycemia in diabetes.
Response of a spatially developing turbulent boundary layer to a spanwise oscillating electromagnetic force (2005)

Direct numerical simulations were performed to investigate the physics of a spatially developing turbulent boundary layer flow subjected to a spanwise oscillating electromagnetic force. The electromagnetic force was applied beneath a finite length of the flat plate. A fully implicit fractional step method was employed to simulate the flow. The mean and turbulent flow properties were obtained to analyze the spatial evolution of the near-wall vortical structure. It was found that the skin friction drag is significantly reduced for an oscillation period of T + = 100. Imposition of electromagnetic forcing leads to a decrease in turbulence production, which in turn causes a reduction in the turbulent kinetic energy. Instantaneous flow visualization techniques were used to observe the responses of the streamwise vortices and streak structures. The visualization results show that imposition of the spanwise oscillation suppresses and weakens the streak structures. Downstream of the region where the electromagnetic force is applied the flow eventually relaxes back to a two-dimensional equilibrium boundary layer.
Amino Alcohol Coordination in Ruthenium(II)-Catalysed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones (1999)

The nature of ruthenium-amino alcohol precursors in the catalytic cycle of asymmetric hydrogen transfer reactions was studied using two C2-symmetrical tetradentate ligands (1 and 2) that were synthesised from (nor)ephedrine. The structure of the catalyst precursor was examined through catalysis and NMR experiments. It was shown that the active catalyst contains one ligand per metal, which coordinates in a didentate N,O fashion (9). In addition, a RuIICl2 complex, in which N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-1,2-diaminoethane (1) coordinates through two nitrogen atoms, was structurally characterised by X-ray diffraction (8). – Based on the results of this study a series of new amino alcohol ligands was synthesised from easily available starting materials. Optimisation of the amino alcohol ligand structure resulted in the most effective chiral amino alcohol ligand (5) so far that is capable of reducing acetophenone at 0 °C with up to 97% ee in the RuII-catalysed transfer hydrogenation.
Optimal pulse to generate non-classical photon states via photon blockade (2009)

The single photon character of nonclassical states of light that can be generated using photon blockade is analyzed for time domain operation. We show that improved single photon statistics (single photon around 85% with a multi-photon of 8%) can be obtained by adequately choosing the parameters (mainly amplitude and pulseduration) of the driving laser pulses. An alternative method, where the system is driven via a continuous wave laser and the frequency of the dipole is controlled (e.g. electrically) at very fast timescales is presented. We also show that this non-classical state performs better than a weak coherent pulse, when applied to BB84 quantum cryptography protocol.
Ring formation in linear stepwise polymerization (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing formation in linear stepwise polymerizationRichard J. Rolando and Christopher W. MacoskoCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 11, 2707–2713Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00177a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00177a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Higher rates of allergies, autoimmune diseases and low-grade inflammation markers in treatment-resistant major depression (2021)

Only 30% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) reach full recovery or remission. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is MDD that does not respond to adequate treatment attempts with at least two antidepressants. TRD is associated more with immune activation than with treatment responsive depression. The current retrospective population-based cross-sectional study, utilizing data from a large nation-wide health maintenance organization in Israel which provides services to estimated 725,000 members, aimed to assess the clinical signs and laboratory markers of autoimmune comorbidity and low-grade inflammation, in patients with TRD. Included were participants aged 18-70 years, diagnosed twice within one year with ICD-9-CM MDD and two control groups, MDD responders (MDD-r) consisting of people with MDD and no TRD and a non-MDD group that included people with no MDD or TRD. The case (570 subjects in TRD group) to control ratio in both control groups (2850 subjects in MDD-r and 2850 subjects in non-MDD control group) was 1:5. Compared to MDD-r, the overall proportion of allergic diseases was higher among the TRD than among the MDD-r [OR 1.52 (1.19-1.94); p ​< ​0.001]. Any systemic autoimmune disease was associated with increased likelihood of MDD-r [OR 1.52 (1.04-2.24); p ​= ​0.03] or TRD [OR 2.22 (1.30-3.78); p ​= ​0.003]. Higher rates of positive (>1:80) antinuclear antibodies [33 (5.79%)] were found among the TRD than among the MDD-r [98 (3.44%); p ​= ​0.011). More allergy and autoimmune comorbidities and presence of low-grade inflammation biomarkers, were found mainly in TRD.
Flexible BFT: Separating BFT Protocol Design from the Fault Model (Keynote Lecture) (2020)

Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) protocols designed for building replicated services collapse if deployed under settings that differ from the fault model they are designed for. For example, in a partial-synchrony model, a known lower bound for BFT is 1/3. Optimal-resilience solutions completely break if the fraction of Byzantine faults exceeds 1/3. The only way we know to achieve > 1/3 resilience is by assuming synchrony, but this requires the protocol to be designed with that assumption. Flexible BFT is a new approach to BFT protocol design that separates between the fault model and the solution. Clients in Flexible BFT specify (i) the adversarial threshold they need to tolerate, and (ii) whether they believe in synchrony (and the presumed bound on transmission delays). We present a Flexible BFT solution that simultaneously supports different clients, who differ simply by the number of messages and/or time the clients are willing to wait for. At an even finer grain, Flexible BFT supports under the same solution high-value and low-value transactions, each tolerating a different threat model.
Hyperchloremic Metabolic Acidosis: Is It Clinically Relevant? (2001)

SUMMARY “First, do no harm. ‘These words have been the doctrine of medicine since its inception. The era of evidence‐based medicine now compels us to provide scientific evidence that we indeed do no harm and that the treatments we prescribe have a beneficial effect. The colloid/crystalloid debate continues to evolve and is as hotly contested now as it was a decade ago. There may be some international differences in the use of colloids or crystalloids, but most of us continue to use both. Whatever our preferred choice of intravenous fluid for the treatment of hypovolemia, clinical outcome studies suggest that “when?” and “how much?” are probably more important questions than “what?”. There are now a wide variety of fluids available to the clinician and most differ markedly in their composition. Aside from the gross classification of IV fluids into colloids and crystalloids, they may be subclassified into balanced or unbalanced categories, i.e., those that contain concentrations of electrolytes similar to those in the plasma and those that do not (see Table 1).The very fact that “normal” saline is unphysiological was recognized many years ago. This fact led Alexis Hartmann to develop Hartmann's solution in an attempt to produce an isotonic alkalizing solution. He recognized the need for proportionately more sodium than chloride 1 , which led to a solution very similar to Ringer's original 2 . The existence of hyperchloremic acidosis has been recognized in many areas for some time, e.g., diabetic ketoacidosis and ammonium chloride poisoning, and is generally termed a low‐anion gap acidosis. There is now mounting evidence that the administration of intravenous saline and saline‐based fluids is the commonest avoidable cause of clinically relevant hyperchloremic acidosis.
Radiographic identification and surgical excision of an epidermoid tumor of the pineal gland (1970)

✓ An epidermoid tumor of the pineal gland for 5 years was incorrectly assumed to be a surgically inaccessible lesion. The patient showed progressive neurological deterioration despite two courses of irradiation therapy and numerous attempts at cerebrospinal fluid shunting. A ventriculogram ultimately demonstrated the epidermoid tumor. Significant improvement resulted from resection of the tumor and the use of a shunting system capable of passing particulately contaminated ventricular fluid.
Improved MPPT Algorithms for Rapidly Changing Environmental Conditions (2006)

The first part of this paper intends to give an overview of the maximum power point tracking methods for photovoltaic (PV) inverters presently reported in the literature. The most well-known and popular methods, like the perturb and observe (P&O), the incremental conductance (INC) and the constant voltage (CV), are presented. These methods, especially the P&O, have been treated by many works, which aim to overcome their shortcomings, either by optimizing the methods, or by combining them. In the second part of the paper an improvement for the P&O and INC method is proposed, which prevents these algorithms to get confused during rapidly changing irradiation conditions, and it considerably increases the efficiency of the MPPT
Bone Marrow Component of Hind Limb Allograft Promotes Marrow-Derived Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engraftment, Chimerism and Tolerance (2010)

Zhang, Wensheng MD, PhD; Wang, Yong MD; Zhang, Dong MD, PhD; Solari, Mario MD; Gorantla, Vijay MD; Murase, Noriko MD; Lee, W.P. Andrew MD; Zheng, Xin Xiao MD
Probing the spinor nature of electronic states in nanosize non-collinear magnets (Conference Presentation) (2016)

Non-collinear magnets (NCM) exhibit a spatial variation of the magnetization direction, where helical and skyrmionic spin orders in materials have lately attracted considerable interest. This interest is spurred by both, exploring the physical origin of nanoscale NCM and applications in spintronics. Our study advances the understanding of nanoscale NCM by revealing the effect of nanoscale lateral confinement on the physical properties of NCM. We combine spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (sp-STM/S) and first-principles calculations to study prototypical helical NCM of some nm extension in proximity to both ferromagnetic Co and vacuum regions. We report a non-uniform distortion of the spin helix in an Fe bilayer on Cu(111)[1], where the spin orientation deviates from that of an ideal helical structure. The proximity to either Co or vacuum leads to distortions of the spin orientation within nm range of the respective interface. The distortions give rise to a specific energy dependent phenomenon of non-collinearity between the local magnetization in the sample and the electronic magnetization probed above its surface. This phenomenon is a direct consequence of the spinor nature of the electronic states in NCM. The symmetry breaking due to lateral confinement makes the spinor nature of electronic states observable in sp-STM/S experiments. [1] Phark, S. H.; Fischer, J. A.; Corbetta, M.; Sander, D.; Nakamura, K. and Kirschner, J. Reduced-dimensionality-induced helimagnetism in iron nanoislands Nat. Commun. 5 (2014) 5183.
Aerosol sampling system (2023)

A system for sampling air and collecting particulate of a predetermined particle size range. A low pass section has an opening of a preselected size for gathering the air but excluding particles larger than the sample particles. An impactor section is connected to the low pass section and separates the air flow into a bypass air flow that does not contain the sample particles and a product air flow that does contain the sample particles. A wetted-wall cyclone collector, connected to the impactor section, receives the product air flow and traps the sample particles in a liquid.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes Accelerate Type I Radical Photopolymerizations and Overcome Oxygen Inhibition (2012)

Starthilfe: Die Effizienz von Typ-I-Photoinitiatoren in der radikalischen Acrylatpolymerisation wird durch den Zusatz von NHC-Boranen deutlich erhöht. Ein Wasserstoffatomtransfer auf die zunächst gebildeten Radikale R. (siehe Schema) erzeugt stark nucleophile NHC-Boryl-Radikale, die besser für den anschließenden Initiationsprozess durch Reaktion mit dem Monomer geeignet sind. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Automated nucleic acid library preparation for sequence-based unknown pathogen detection. (2016)

Abstract not provided.