gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-beam scan analysis with a clinical LINAC for high resolution Cherenkov-excited molecular luminescence imaging in tissue (2018)

Cherenkov-excited luminescence scanned imaging (CELSI) is achieved with external beam radiotherapy to map out molecular luminescence intensity or lifetime in tissue. Just as in fluorescence microscopy, the choice of excitation geometry can affect the imaging time, spatial resolution and contrast recovered. In this study, the use of spatially patterned illumination was systematically studied comparing scan shapes, starting with line scan and block patterns and increasing from single beams to multiple parallel beams and then to clinically used treatment plans for radiation therapy. The image recovery was improved by a spatial-temporal modulation-demodulation method, which used the ability to capture simultaneous images of the excitation Cherenkov beam shape to deconvolve the CELSI images. Experimental studies used the multi-leaf collimator on a clinical linear accelerator (LINAC) to create the scanning patterns, and image resolution and contrast recovery were tested at different depths of tissue phantom material. As hypothesized, the smallest illumination squares achieved optimal resolution, but at the cost of lower signal and slower imaging time. Having larger excitation blocks provided superior signal but at the cost of increased radiation dose and lower resolution. Increasing the scan beams to multiple block patterns improved the performance in terms of image fidelity, lower radiation dose and faster acquisition. The spatial resolution was mostly dependent upon pixel area with an optimized side length near 38mm and a beam scan pitch of <i>P</i> = 0.33, and the achievable imaging depth was increased from 14mm to 18mm with sufficient resolving power for 1mm sized test objects. As a proof-of-concept, <i>in-vivo</i> tumor mouse imaging was performed to show 3D rendering and quantification of tissue pO<sub>2</sub> with values of 5.6mmHg in a tumor and 77mmHg in normal tissue.
Synthesis and optical and electronic properties of one-dimensional sulfoxonium-based hybrid metal halide (CH3)3SOPbI3 (2021)

We report the synthesis and optical and electronic properties of a one-dimensional sulfoxonium-based hybrid metal halide in an orthorhombic crystal system with a Pnma space group. To provide direct insights, a method is developed to calculate tolerance factors with the ionic radii of non-spherical cations from X-ray crystallographic data.
Whole‐Blood Interleukin‐18 Level during Early HIV‐1 Infection Is Associated with Reduced CXCR4 Coreceptor Expression and Interferon‐γ Levels (2007)

Interleukin (IL)-18 generates T helper 1-type immunity and inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in primary cells in vitro. Because IL-18 may participate in HIV-1 containment, whole-blood IL-18 levels were measured in 20 healthy control subjects and longitudinally in 28 subjects with early HIV-1 infection. Compared with those in control subjects, IL-18 levels were higher during early HIV-1 infection, and IL-18 levels predicted reduced CXCR4 HIV-1 coreceptor expression and diminished interferon (IFN)- gamma levels. By contrast, a direct association between IL-18 and IFN- gamma levels was observed in blood stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. During early HIV-1 infection, IL-18 may regulate HIV-1 coreceptor expression and have antiretroviral activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of Novel β‐Ketoesters from the Mizoroki—Heck Coupling of Ethyl 3‐Ethoxyacrylate with Aryl and Pyridyl Halides. (2014)

Abstract A mild and generally applicable two‐step synthesis of aryl‐ and heteroaryl‐substituted β‐ketoesters via Mizoroki—Heck reaction and subsequent hydrolysis is presented.
Augmented Data Transmission for the ATSC Terrestrial DTV System (2012)

In this paper, we propose a novel Augmented Data Transmission (ADT) system which can transmit an additional data stream in the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) terrestrial DTV system. The proposed ADT system can offer an additional data of rate up to a few megabits per second (Mbps) based on hierarchical modulation, DTV signal cancellation, and advanced error correction code. The proposed ADT system significantly enhances capability compared with the data transmission schemes used in the transmitter identification (TxID) system. Since the proposed ADT system uses the in-band hierarchical modulation, it does not require any additional RF spectrum to increase the data capacity in a 6 MHz RF channel. Meanwhile, the ADT system has negligible impact to legacy receivers, if the proposed ADT system is deployed over the frequency bands occupied by ATSC A/53 or A/153 services.
Positive and negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry using a Townsend discharge ion source (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPositive and negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry using a Townsend discharge ion sourceDonald F. Hunt, Charles N. McEwen, and T. Michael. HarveyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 11, 1730–1734Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60361a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60361a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views500Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inferior outdoor‐exposed performances of encapsulated a‐Si:H photovoltaic modules deposited with a high speed (2013)

Abstract We investigate the stabilized performance of encapsulated hydrogenated amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules depending on the deposition speed. The module products are degraded differently depending on the light‐soaking environment. The modules deposited at a high speed demonstrate significant degradation in an outdoor exposure test, despite moderate degradation during indoor light soaking. However, the modules deposited at a low speed show a relatively more stable performance against the outdoor exposure test. Notably, some modules show the trend that a higher initial performance stimulates a higher light‐induced degradation, leading to a lower performance in the outdoor environment.
Carrier Rates in the Midwestern United States for <EMPH TYPE="ITAL">GJB2</EMPH> Mutations Causing Inherited Deafness (1999)

Our data suggest that mutations in GJB2 are the leading cause of moderate-to-profound congenital inherited deafness in the midwestern United States. Screening of the GJB2 mutation can be offered to individuals with congenital deafness with high sensitivity and specificity by screening only for the 35delG mutation. A positive finding should establish an etiologic diagnosis and affect genetic counseling.
Correction of chemical‐shift artifacts in multislice F‐19 imaging with perfluorooctyl bromide (1992)

Chemical-shift artifact correction methods for multislice F-19 imaging with perfluorooctyl bromide are described and results obtained with physical phantoms presented. Utilization of the two long-T2 spectral peaks of PFOB in multislice imaging enhances the imaging efficiency considerably. Simultaneous imaging of the adjacent slices is achieved by appropriately adjusting the slice selection gradient amplitude, the bandwidth, and the slice position offset frequency of the selective RF pulses in relation to the frequency separation between the two peaks.
Coordination between access points in distributed flexible spectrum use (2009)

Uncoordinated deployments of high number of access points are likely to consist of separate, overlapping local area networks, creating a demand for solutions enabling networks to co-exist in the same frequency band. Such uncoordinated deployments would benefit significantly on self-organizing Flexible Spectrum Use (FSU), which would in practice provide some degree of automated network optimization for the system. In our paper, we study the distributed FSU in the context of uncoordinated deployment (i.e. randomly placed of APs, where UEs may be connected to clearly suboptimal faraway APs). The goal is to understand if there is any need for FSU coordination in a scenario of completely distributed APs belonging to multiple networks. The results indicate that for the scenarios with several overlapping networks FSU coordination is necessary. Otherwise decent coverage cannot be obtained and thus spectrum resources are not shared fairly among the users.
Deep multispectral painting reproduction via multi-layer, custom-ink printing (2018)

We propose a workflow for spectral reproduction of paintings, which captures a painting's spectral color, invariant to illumination, and reproduces it using multi-material 3D printing. We take advantage of the current 3D printers' capabilities of combining highly concentrated inks with a large number of layers, to expand the spectral gamut of a set of inks. We use a data-driven method to both predict the spectrum of a printed ink stack and optimize for the stack layout that best matches a target spectrum. This bidirectional mapping is modeled using a pair of neural networks, which are optimized through a problem-specific multi-objective loss function. Our loss function helps find the best possible ink layout resulting in the balance between spectral reproduction and colorimetric accuracy under a multitude of illuminants. In addition, we introduce a novel spectral vector error diffusion algorithm based on combining color contoning and halftoning, which simultaneously solves the layout discretization and color quantization problems, accurately and efficiently. Our workflow outperforms the state-of-the-art models for spectral prediction and layout optimization. We demonstrate reproduction of a number of real paintings and historically important pigments using our prototype implementation that uses 10 custom inks with varying spectra and a resin-based 3D printer.
EPEC infection temporally alters the composition of the enteric microbiota. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;Bacterial DNA was extracted from the small intestine and colon of newborn mice infected with WT EPEC at 8 and 20 days p.i. or untreated age-matched control animals and analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. &lt;b&gt;(A)&lt;/b&gt; Relative abundance of the OTU 4425571 (Enterobacteriaceae, representing EPEC in red) in infected and uninfected animals. &lt;b&gt;(B)&lt;/b&gt; PC1/PC2 plot illustrating the similarity of the microbiota within the different groups in the small intestine (left) and in the colon (right) (d8 uninfected, blue squares; d8 EPEC-infected, red squares; d20 uninfected, green triangles; d20 EPEC-infected, orange triangles). &lt;b&gt;(C)&lt;/b&gt; Phylum level composition of the 8 different groups. Proteobacteria are represented in different shades of red, Bacteroides in different shades of yellow, Firmicutes in different shades of green and Tenericutes in blue.&lt;/p&gt;
Multi-Degree-of-Freedom MEMS Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscopes Designed for Dynamic Range, Robustness, and Sensitivity (2018)

An overview of multi-mass solutions for MEMS Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes is presented in this paper. The advantages and challenges associated with increasing the number of Degrees-of- Freedom (DOF) of the mechanical element are discussed.
Enhanced Performance and Liveness Monitoring in Segment Routing Networks (2020)

Segment Routing (SR) leverages the source routing paradigm. SR is
applicable to both Multiprotocol Label Switching (SR-MPLS) and IPv6
(SRv6) data planes. This document defines procedure for Enhanced
Performance and Liveness Monitoring (PLM) in Segment Routing networks.
The procedure uses the probe messages defined in RFC 5357 (Two-Way
Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) Light) as well as STAMP and is
applicable to both SR-MPLS and SRv6 data planes.
A North America Wide Area Neutral Atmosphere Model for GNSS Applications (2009)

ABSTRACT: In this paper we are introducing a new neutral atmosphere model, which was designed to provide better predictions for different regions inside a delimited wide area. The goal of this new development is to have a more reliable model for wide area augmentation system users, with some homogeneity in terms of accuracy performance over the area of interest. The approach for creating the new wide area neutral atmosphere model for North America (UNBw.na) is comprehensively described and discussed. All result analyses took into consideration the most recent version of the UNB models, until now, UNB3m. Results for prediction of meteorological parameters show that the new grid-based model can perform better than a latitude (only) based model (such as UNB3m). The analyses showed that UNBw.na is consistently better than UNB3m in several aspects, and the adopted procedure for a meteorological parameter grid calibration has resulted in a reliable model.
An extra-plastidial -glucan, water dikinase from Arabidopsis phosphorylates amylopectin in vitro and is not necessary for transient starch degradation (2007)

Starch phosphorylation catalysed by the alpha-glucan, water dikinases (GWD) has profound effects on starch degradation in plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes three isoforms of GWD, two of which are localized in the chloroplast and are involved in the degradation of transient starch. The third isoform, termed AtGWD2 (At4g24450), was heterologously expressed and purified and shown to have a substrate preference similar to potato GWD. Analyses of AtGWD2 null mutants did not reveal any differences in growth or starch and sugar levels, when compared to the wild type. Subcellular localization studies in Arabidopsis leaves and in vitro chloroplast import assays indicated that AtGWD2 was not targeted to the chloroplasts. The AtGWD2 promoter showed a highly restricted pattern of activity, both spatially and temporally. High activity was observed in the companion cells of the phloem, with expression appearing just before the onset of senescence. Taken together, these data indicate that, although AtGWD2 is capable of phosphorylating alpha-glucans in vitro, it is not directly involved in transient starch degradation.
The neural coding of face and body orientation in occipitotemporal cortex (2021)

Face and body orientation convey important information for us to understand other people's actions, intentions and social interactions. It has been shown that several occipitotemporal areas respond differently to faces or bodies of different orientations. However, whether face and body orientation are processed by partially overlapping or completely separate brain networks remains unclear, as the neural coding of face and body orientation is often investigated separately. Here, we recorded participants' brain activity using fMRI while they viewed faces and bodies shown from three different orientations, while attending to either orientation or identity information. Using multivoxel pattern analysis we investigated which brain regions process face and body orientation respectively, and which regions encode both face and body orientation in a stimulus-independent manner. We found that patterns of neural responses evoked by different stimulus orientations in the occipital face area, extrastriate body area, lateral occipital complex and right early visual cortex could generalise across faces and bodies, suggesting a stimulus-independent encoding of person orientation in occipitotemporal cortex. This finding was consistent across functionally defined regions of interest and a whole-brain searchlight approach. The fusiform face area responded to face but not body orientation, suggesting that orientation responses in this area are face-specific. Moreover, neural responses to orientation were remarkably consistent regardless of whether participants attended to the orientation of faces and bodies or not. Together, these results demonstrate that face and body orientation are processed in a partially overlapping brain network, with a stimulus-independent neural code for face and body orientation in occipitotemporal cortex.
Colicins and Salmocins – New Classes of Plant-Made Non-antibiotic Food Antibacterials (2019)

Recently, several plant-made recombinant proteins received favorable regulatory review as food antibacterials in the United States through the Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) regulatory procedure, and applications for others are pending. These food antimicrobials, along with approved biopharmaceuticals and vaccines, represent new classes of products manufactured in green plants as production hosts. We present results of new research and development and summarize regulatory, economic and business aspects of the antibacterial proteins colicins and salmocins as new food processing aids.
Recombinant carbazole-degrading strains for enhanced petroleum processing (2003)

Biotechnological upgrading of fossil fuels is of increasing interest as remaining stocks of petroleum show increasing levels of contaminants such as heavy metals, sulfur and nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds. Carbazole is of particular interest as a major petroleum component known to reduce refining yields through catalyst poisoning. In this study, the biotransformation of carbazole was successfully demonstrated in a liquid two-phase system, when solubilized in either 1-methylnaphthalene or in diesel fuel. The effects of solvent toxicity were investigated by expressing the carbazole-transformation genes from MB1332, a rifampicin-resistant derivative of Pseudomonas sp. LD2, in a solvent-resistant heterologous host, P. putida Idaho [1]. This solvent-resistant strain successfully degraded carbazole solubilized in 1-methylnaphthalene and in the presence of 10 vol% xylenes similar to the non-recombinant strain Pseudomonas sp. LD2. Identification of a suitable recombinant host, however, was essential for further investigations of partial pathway transformations. Recombinant P. putida Idaho expressing only the initial dioxygenase enzymes transformed carbazole to an intermediate well retained in the oil phase. Partial carbazole transformation converts carbazole to non-aromatic species; their effect is unknown on refinery catalyst poisoning, but would allow almost complete retention of carbon content and fuel value.
Table S2 from Intratumoral G100, a TLR4 Agonist, Induces Antitumor Immune Responses and Tumor Regression in Patients with Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S2 lists immune-related genes with the greatest fold differences in induction between clinical responders versus non-responders&lt;/p&gt;
Characterization of an orphan G protein-coupled receptor localized in the dorsal root ganglia reveals adenine as a signaling molecule (2002)

The cloning of novel G protein-coupled receptors and the search for their natural ligands, a process called reverse pharmacology, is an excellent opportunity to discover novel hormones and neurotransmitters. Based on a degenerate primer approach we have cloned a G protein-coupled receptor whose mRNA expression profile indicates highest expression in the dorsal root ganglia, specifically in the subset of small neurons, suggesting a role in nociception. In addition, moderate expression was found in lung, hypothalamus, peripheral blood leukocytes, and ovaries. Guided by a receptor-activation bioassay, we identified adenine as the endogenous ligand, which activated the receptor potently and with high structural stringency. Therefore, we propose to name this receptor as the adenine receptor. Hormonal functions have already been demonstrated for adenine derivatives like 6-benzylaminopurine in plants and 1-methyladenine in lower animals. Here, we demonstrate that adenine functions as a signaling molecule in mammals. This finding adds a third family besides P1 and P2 receptors to the class of purinergic receptors.
Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-8 Predict Mucosal Toxicity of Vaginal Microbicidal Contraceptives1 (2004)

Inflammation of the female reproductive tract increases susceptibility to HIV-1 and other viral infections and, thus, it becomes a serious liability for vaginal products. Excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines may alter the mucosal balance between tissue destruction and repair and be linked to enhanced penetration and replication of viral pathogens upon chemical insult. The present study evaluates four surface-active microbicide candidates, nonoxynol-9 (N-9), benzalkonium chloride (BZK), sodium dodecyl sulfate, and sodium monolaurate for their activity against human sperm and HIV, and their capacity to induce an inflammatory response on human vaginal epithelial cells and by the rabbit vaginal mucosa. Spermicidal and virucidal evaluations ranked N-9 as the most potent compound but were unable to predict the impact of the compounds on vaginal cell viability. Interleukin (IL)-1 release in vitro reflected their cytotoxicity profiles more accurately. Furthermore, IL-1 concentrations in vaginal washings correlated with cumulative mucosal irritation scores after single and multiple applications (P < 0.01), showing BZK as the most damaging agent for the vaginal mucosa. BZK induced rapid cell death, IL-1 release, and IL-6 secretion. The other compounds required either more prolonged or repeated contact with the vaginal epithelium to induce a significant inflammatory reaction. Increased IL-8 levels after multiple applications in vivo identified compounds with the highest cumulative mucosal toxicity (P < 0.01). In conclusion, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 in the vaginal secretions are sensitive indicators of compound-induced mucosal toxicity. The described evaluation system is a valuable tool in identifying novel vaginal contraceptive microbicides, selecting out candidates that may enhance, rather than decrease, HIV transmission.