gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance-Aware Orchestration of P4-Based Heterogeneous Cloud Environments (2023)

The recent trend to deploy programmable packet processors in cloud environaxsxsments enhances the packet processing capability without losing the flexibility to adapt the functions at runtime. In particular, distributed edge clouds can have a heterogeneous programmable processing substrate made up of different classes of devices: CPUs, NPUs, FPGAs, etc. However, managing the allocation of workloads in such a heterogeneous programmable processing substrate, in particular deciding where to instantiate a certain function, is a non-trivial task with many decisive functional and QoS-related factors. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for optimizing the embedding of Service Function Chains implemented in P4, while considering the functional and QoS requirements associated with embedding requests, and the various types of processing devices that have different properties in terms of processing delay and supported features. To satisfy delay requirements, the problem formulation utilizes performance models to predict the forwarding latency associated with different candidate embedding options. Furthermore, a greedy solution is proposed to solve the problem in an efficient manner. Finally, a detailed numerical evaluation is conducted to evaluate the formulated model when different workload and infrastructure characteristics are varied and to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed greedy solution.
Titelbild: Benzene Ring Trimer Interactions Modulate Supramolecular Structures (Angew. Chem. 20/2007) (2007)

Das Benzoltrimer lässt sich kaum beobachten und isolieren. Doch mithilfe einer supramolekularen Plattform mit drei Phenylsubstituenten, wie sie im Titelbild gezeigt und von H. Furuta et al. in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 3746 ff. vorgestellt wird, kann die Stärke der Wechselwirkung zwischen den drei Benzolringen in einem “Trimer” ermittelt werden. Das Vorliegen solcher Aren-Aren-Wechselwirkungen in aromatischen Clustern höherer Ordnung in Biopolymeren trägt möglicherweise zur Stabilisierung von deren Tertiärstrukturen bei.
<title>Extended-field-of-view 3D monitor without eyewear</title> (1998)

Physical Optics Corporation has developed a unique technology and processes to fabricate a 3D display system that does not require wearing glasses or other eyewear. The authors present the result of true 3D (T3D) monitor development, the third generation T3D being based on a holographic multiplexing screen. The monitor displays 3D autostereoscopic information to three viewers. Holographic multiplexing allows a large number of viewers to see the 3D effect without compromising resolution or having to wear any type of special glasses or goggles. The 3D monitor can deliver high resolution graphics -- 1024 X 480 pixels -- as well as NTSC video in both composite and S-video formats.
Failure analysis in ITO-free all-solution processed organic solar cells (2015)

In this paper we discuss a problem-solving methodology and present guidance for troubleshooting defects in ITO-free all-solution processed organic solar cells with an inverted cell architecture.
Analgesia and unwanted benzodiazepine effects in point-mutated mice expressing only one benzodiazepine-sensitive GABAA receptor subtype (2015)

Agonists at the benzodiazepine-binding site of GABAA receptors (BDZs) enhance synaptic inhibition through four subtypes (α1, α2, α3 and α5) of GABAA receptors (GABAAR). When applied to the spinal cord, they alleviate pathological pain; however, insufficient efficacy after systemic administration and undesired effects preclude their use in routine pain therapy. Previous work suggested that subtype-selective drugs might allow separating desired antihyperalgesia from unwanted effects, but the lack of selective agents has hitherto prevented systematic analyses. Here we use four lines of triple GABAAR point-mutated mice, which express only one benzodiazepine-sensitive GABAAR subtype at a time, to show that targeting only α2GABAARs achieves strong antihyperalgesia and reduced side effects (that is, no sedation, motor impairment and tolerance development). Additional pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses in these mice explain why clinically relevant antihyperalgesia cannot be achieved with nonselective BDZs. These findings should foster the development of innovative subtype-selective BDZs for novel indications such as chronic pain.
Mapping a Mentoring Roadmap and Developing a Supportive Network for Strategic Career Advancement (2017)

This article presents a proactive, individual-centered mentoring model which meets a recognized need for defined, practical methods for supporting comprehensive career planning and strategic development grounded in personal career aspirations. The developed model consists of a mentoring roadmap charting process and construction of a developmental mentoring network based on an integrative literature review of successful mentoring practices and adaptation of tested methods for retrospective analyses of effective mentoring. The mentoring roadmap concept encompasses the following steps: (a) self-reflection, (b) establishment of mentor–mentee relationship(s), (c) maintenance of mentoring relationships, and (d) advancing in mentoring relationship(s). To support strategic advancement along a defined mentoring roadmap and toward attainment of individual goals, the identification and cultivation of a broad collection of mentoring resources or mentors (i.e., nodes) and the relationships (i.e., edges) which connect these nodes in an effective mentoring network topology are discussed. The mentoring roadmap and network model is proposed as complementary to top-down or formal organizational mentoring interventions and as effective for short- and long-term career development planning as a self-guided assessment or mentor-engaged tool to support individuals seeking mentoring.
Language and Compiler Support for Parallel I/O (1994)

This paper addresses the problem of performing parallel input-output in data parallel computations. Specifically, we present language support (as extensions to HPF), and initial compiler implementation in the Fortran90D/HPF compiler for distributed memory machines. In this paper we only address the problem of reading and writing data in parallel. We suggest a set of compiler directives for parallel I/O which can be used in addition to standard HPF directives. The runtime primitives along with the compiler directives provide a common I/O platform for parallel languages like HPF.
How Closely Related Are Conformations of Protein Ions Sampled by IM-MS to Native Solution Structures? (2015)

Here, we critically evaluate the effects of changes in the ion internal energy (E(int)) on ion-neutral collision cross sections (CCS) of ions of two structurally diverse proteins, specifically the [M + 6H](6+) ion of ubiquitin (ubq(6+)), the [M + 5H](5+) ion of the intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) apo-metallothionein-2A (MT), and its partially- and fully-metalated isoform, the [CdiMT](5+) ion. The ion-neutral CCS for ions formed by "native-state" ESI show a strong dependence on E(int). Collisional activation is used to increase E(int) prior to the ions entering and within the traveling wave (TW) ion mobility analyzer. Comparisons of experimental CCSs with those generated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for solution-phase ions and solvent-free ions as a function of temperature provide new insights about conformational preferences and retention of solution conformations. The E(int)-dependent CCSs, which reveal increased conformational diversity of the ion population, are discussed in terms of folding/unfolding of solvent-free ions. For example, ubiquitin ions that have low internal energies retain native-like conformations, whereas ions that are heated by collisional activation possess higher internal energies and yield a broader range of CCS owing to increased conformational diversity due to losses of secondary and tertiary structures. In contrast, the CCS profile for the IDP apoMT is consistent with kinetic trapping of an ion population composed of a wide range of conformers, and as the E(int) is increased, these structurally labile conformers unfold to an elongated conformation.
Time Averaged Power Control of a 4G or a 5G Radio Base Station for RF EMF Compliance (2020)

Currently, high gain antenna arrays are deployed in cellular radio systems to enhance wireless capacity. These advanced antenna systems increase the peak equivalent isotropic radiated powers (EIRPs), thereby potentially also increasing the size of the exclusion zones for radio frequency (RF) electro magnetic field (EMF) exposure that are applied to limit the presence of workers and the general public in the vicinity of the antennas. The exclusion zones are determined from the RF EMF exposure limits, typically expressed in terms of time-averaged incident power density values as provided by national authorities and regulatory bodies. To mitigate possible deployment challenges in some urban areas due to the overly conservative use of peak EIRP in determining exclusion zones, the possibility of basing the exclusion zone on a time averaged EIRP is discussed. To support this new approach, this paper presents an average power feedback controller that mathematically guarantees that the average power transmitted over a specified time window by a single radio base station stays below a determined value defining the exclusion zone. Such automation may be required by regulators to allow the use of time averaged quantities for RF EMF exposure assessment and exclusion zone determination. The developed average power controller uses a combination of controllers to regulate the rate of change of a momentary fractional frequency resource limit in the scheduler. This restricts the momentary total transmit power since the transmit power is proportional to the scheduled frequency resources. Simulation results, laboratory measurements and on-site measurements for a commercially available 5G MIMO transmitting base station are then reported, all of them verifying that the average power controller performs as intended. The average power control solution is applicable for any 4G or 5G base station, with or without MIMO transmission capability.
Suppl video 1 from Neutrophil Conversion to a Tumor-Killing Phenotype Underpins Effective Microbial Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Neutrophil migration before and after microbial bioparticle treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
Triangular Ising antiferromagnet through a fermionic lens, part 1: free energy, zero-temperature phases and spin-spin correlation (2018)

We develop a fermionic formulation of the triangular lattice Ising antiferromagnet (TIAFM) which is both calculationally convenient and intuitively appealing to imaginations steeped in conventional condensed matter physics. It is used to elucidate a variety of aspects of zero-temperature models. Cylindrical systems possess multiple distinguished by the number of circumferential satisfied bonds and by entropy density. On the plane, phases are labelled by densities of satisfied bonds of two different orientations. A local particle (semi)conservation law in the fermionic picture lies behind both these features as well as the classic power-law falloff of the spin-spin correlation function, which is also derived from the fermionic perspective.
Vaccines to Prevent and Treat Autoimmune Diseases (1995)

The current therapy for human autoimmune disease is based on nonselective immunosuppression achieved by corticosteroids or cytotoxic drugs. This form of therapy is toxic and frequently not effective in curing the disease. The study of experimental autoimmune disease models indicates that the pathogenic population of immune cells is restricted in terms of T-cell receptor gene usage and peptide epitopes recognized in the self-antigens. The recent developments in understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmune disease point to the crucial role of the pathogenic T cell, the autoantigenic peptide, and the major histocompatibility complex molecules as well as the regulatory T-cell population in the disease process. The purpose of this review is to describe the use of vaccines to prevent and treat autoimmune disease. Encouraging results in animal models using vaccines based on the pathogenic T cell or the autoantigen have prompted the design of novel and selective immune-based therapies for human autoimmune disease.
Impact of Nonallergic Rhinitis on Chemosensory Function (2016)

Disturbances of the chemical senses are frequent. It has been estimated that hundreds of thousands of patients present to medical practitioners each year with complaints of smell dysfunction (1-4). The high prevalence of olfactory disorders becomes clearer from results of population-based studies. In one such investigation, 24% of individuals aged 53 to 97 were found to have impaired olfactory function (5), whereas another such study showed a prevalence of 19% among individuals aged 20 and older (6). Other work indicates that at least 5% of the general population has a severe olfactory deficit in the sense of anosmia (Table 1) (7).
Hounsfield-based Automatic Evaluation of Volumetric Breast Density on Radiotherapy CT-Scans (2021)

Radiotherapy is an integral part of treatment for many patients with breast cancer. However, side effects can occur, Example fibrosis or erythema. If patients at higher risks of radiation induced side effects could be identified before treatment, they could be given more individual information about the risks and benefits of radiotherapy. We hypothesise that breast density is correlated with the risk of side effects and present a novel method for automatic evaluation based on radiotherapy planning CT scans.
Photoacoustic oximetry imaging performance evaluation using dynamic blood flow phantoms with tunable oxygen saturation (2019)

Multispectral photoacoustic oximetry imaging (MPOI) is an emerging hybrid modality that enables the spatial mapping of blood oxygen saturation (SO<sub>2</sub>) to depths of several centimeters. To facilitate MPOI device development and clinical translation, well-validated performance test methods and improved quantitative understanding of physical processes and best practices are needed. We developed a breast-mimicking blood flow phantom with tunable SO<sub>2</sub> and used this phantom to evaluate a custom MPOI system. Results provide quantitative evaluation of the impact of phantom medium properties (Intralipid versus polyvinyl chloride plastisol) and device design parameters (different transducers) on SO<sub>2</sub> measurement accuracy, especially depth-dependent performance degradation due to fluence artifacts. This approach may guide development of standardized test methods for evaluating MPOI devices.
Detection of rare mutations, copy number alterations, and methylation in the same template DNA molecules (2023)

The analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from plasma offers great promise for the earlier detection of cancer. At present, changes in DNA sequence, methylation, or copy number are the most sensitive ways to detect the presence of cancer. To further increase the sensitivity of such assays with limited amounts of sample, it would be useful to be able to evaluate the same template molecules for all these changes. Here, we report an approach, called MethylSaferSeqS, that achieves this goal, and can be applied to any standard library preparation method suitable for massively parallel sequencing. The innovative step was to copy both strands of each DNA-barcoded molecule with a primer that allows the subsequent separation of the original strands (retaining their 5-methylcytosine residues) from the copied strands (in which the 5-methylcytosine residues are replaced with unmodified cytosine residues). The epigenetic and genetic alterations present in the DNA molecules can then be obtained from the original and copied strands, respectively. We applied this approach to plasma from 265 individuals, including 198 with cancers of the pancreas, ovary, lung, and colon, and found the expected patterns of mutations, copy number alterations, and methylation. Furthermore, we could determine which original template DNA molecules were methylated and/or mutated. MethylSaferSeqS should be useful for addressing a variety of questions relating genetics and epigenetics.
Solving DLP with Auxiliary Input over an Elliptic Curve Used in TinyTate Library (2011)

The discrete logarithm problem with auxiliary input (DLPwAI) is a problem to find α from G, αG, α d G in an additive cyclic group generated by G of prime order r and a positive integer d dividing r − 1. The infeasibility of DLPwAI assures the security of some cryptographic schemes. In 2006, Cheon proposed a novel algorithm for solving DLPwAI. This paper shows our experimental results of Cheon’s algorithm by implementing it with some speeding-up techniques. In fact, we succeeded to solve DLPwAI in a group with 128-bit order in 45 hours with a single PC on an elliptic curve defined over a prime finite field with 256-bit elements which is used in the TinyTate library.
Nanostructured Multilayer Tailored-Refractive-Index Antireflection Coating for Glass with Broadband and Omnidirectional Characteristics (2011)

The design, fabrication, and characterization of a broadband, omnidirectional, graded-index anti-reflection (AR) coating on a glass substrate, fabricated by using nanostructured low-refractive-index (n = 1.05-1.40) silica, is reported. The AR coating is designed by using a genetic algorithm and fabricated by using oblique angle deposition. The AR coating is designed for the wavelength range of 400 to 2500 nm and 0 to 40 degrees angle of incidence. The measured average optical transmittance between 1000 and 2000 nm is improved from 92.6 to 99.3% at normal incidence by using a two-layer AR coating deposited on both surfaces of the glass substrate. (C) 2011 The Japan Society of Applied Physics
Synthesis of C8‐Arylamine‐Modified 2′‐Deoxyadenosine Phosphoramidites and their Site‐Specific Incorporation into Oligonucleotides (2012)

Adducts of C8-(N-acetyl)-arylamines and 2'-deoxyadenosine were synthesised by palladium-catalysed C--N cross-coupling chemistry. These 2'-dA adducts were converted into the corresponding 3'-phosphoramidites and site-specifically incorporated into DNA oligonucleotides, which were characterised by mass spectrometry, UV thermal-stability assays and circular dichroism. These modified oligonucleotides were also used in EcoRI restriction assays and in primer-extension studies with three different DNA polymerases. The incorporation of the 2'-dA lesion close to the EcoRI restriction site dramatically reduced the susceptibility of the DNA strand to cleavage; this indicates a significant local distortion of the DNA double helix. The incorporation of the acetylated C8-2'-dA-phosphoramidites into 20-mer oligonucleotides failed, however, because the N-acetyl group was lost during the deprotection process. Instead the corresponding C8-NH-2'-dA-modified oligonucleotides were obtained. The effect of the C8-NH-arylamine-dA lesion on the replication by DNA polymerases was clearly dependent both on the polymerase used and on the arylamine-dA damage.
NiO/Nb2O5/C Hydrazine Electrooxidation Catalysts for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2017)

NiO/Nb2O5/C (8:1), (4:1), (2:1), NiO/C, and Ni/C catalysts for hydrazine electrooxidation were synthesized by an evaporation drying method followed by thermal annealing. Prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). Catalytic activity, durability, and selectivity in the reaction of hydrazine electrooxidation were evaluated in alkaline media. The highest catalytic activity in mentioned above reaction was found for Ni/C, followed by: NiO/Nb2O5/C (8:1), NiO/Nb2O5/C (4:1). NiO/Nb2O5/C (2:1) whiles NiO/C has almost no activity for hydrazine oxidation. NiO/Nb2O5/C (8:1) and (4:1) had a highest stability during electrooxidation of hydrazine at 60°C. It was explained by oxygen defect of NiO in NiO/Nb2O5/C from XAFS analysis. The selectivity hydrazine electrooxidation as measured by ammonia production resulted in observation that metallic Ni surface facilitates N-N bond breaking of hydrazine, which was confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Dietary Intake and Nutritional Deficiencies in Patients with Gastroparesis (2009)

Purpose: Gastroparesis is associated with eating-associated symptoms and resultant aversion to food, which puts patients at risk for malnutrition. The aim of this study is to characterize the dietary intake and nutritional deficiencies in patients with gastroparesis. Methods: From January 2007 to May 2009, 286 patients with gastroparesis were enrolled from 6 centers into the ongoing NIDDK Gastroparesis Registry. Patient data included detailed medical history; gastroparesis symptoms using the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI); Block Food Frequency Questionnaire—a commonly used instrument estimating caloric, vitamin, and mineral intake; and gastric emptying scintigraphy result. Results: 221 patients with gastroparesis completed the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire; 30 (14%) on either TPN or enteral feedings were excluded, leaving 191 patients (125 idiopathic and 59 diabetic) with data on dietary intake. Caloric intake averaged 1127±791 kcal/day amounting to only 55±37% of daily energy requirements. The 155 patients (81%) consuming caloric deficient diets, defined as <75% of daily energy requirements, had significantly higher symptom scores for stomach fullness, inability to finish a meal, excessive fullness after a meal, appetite loss, and bloating. More severe delay in gastric emptying was associated, but not significantly, with less caloric intake. Deficiencies were found, ranging from 39 to 91% of patients, for intake of macronutrients (protein, carbohydrates), vitamins, and minerals. Overweight/obese patients (53% of patients) consumed more calories than normal/underweight patients (1230±873 vs. 1011±674 kcal/day; p=0.06) with diets higher in protein and fat. Patients with idiopathic gastroparesis were more likely to be consuming an energy deficient diet than diabetic gastroparesis (85% vs. 73%; p=0.05). Idiopathic patients were more likely to have deficiencies in vitamin A (51 vs. 36%; p=0.05), vitamin B6 (59 vs. 42%; p=0.04), folate (84 vs. 71%; p=0.03), and iron (82 vs. 63%; p=0.005). Regarding dietary recommendations for gastroparesis, 68% of patients were on low fiber diet, whereas only 13% were on low fat diet and 39% were taking vitamin supplementation. Prior nutritional consultation had been obtained in only 34% of patients and was associated with less, but not statistically significant, deficiencies in caloric, carbohydrate, and protein intake. Conclusion: Many patients with gastroparesis consume diets deficient in calories, carbohydrates, protein, vitamins and minerals. Patients with idiopathic gastroparesis were more likely to be consuming a deficient diet than diabetic gastroparesis. Nutrition consultation is suggested for patients with gastroparesis, not only for dietary therapy, but to reduce nutritional deficiencies.
Pharmacological evaluation of a novel corticotropin‐releasing factor 1 receptor antagonist T‐3047928 in stress‐induced animal models in a comparison with alosetron (2020)

T-3047928 is an orally active CRF1 antagonist that demonstrated potent inhibitory effects in stress-associated IBS models with no effect on normal defecation. Therefore, it is suggested that T-3047928 may have a potency as a novel option for IBS-D therapy with minimal constipation risk.