gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sesame seeds, by near-ambient pressure XPS (2019)

Near-ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) is a less traditional form of XPS that allows samples to be analyzed at relatively high pressures, i.e., greater than ca. 2500 Pa. With NAP-XPS, XPS can probe moderately volatile liquids, biological samples, porous materials, and/or polymeric materials that outgas significantly. In this submission, we show NAP-XPS of sesame seeds, a food sample that could not be analyzed at moderate pressures by conventional approaches. Survey spectra from three separate seeds are shown. In addition to the expected C 1s and O 1s signals, seeds show calcium. The C 1s narrow scans from the three seeds are well fit by four components. The largest of these is attributed to carbon singly bonded to oxygen (C—O), which suggests carboydrates or cellulose in the material. A small N 1s peak is observed in all the survey spectra.
Efficient Spectrum Occupancy Prediction Exploiting Multidimensional Correlations through Composite 2D-LSTM Models (2020)

In cognitive radio systems, identifying spectrum opportunities is fundamental to efficiently use the spectrum. Spectrum occupancy prediction is a convenient way of revealing opportunities based on previous occupancies. Studies have demonstrated that usage of the spectrum has a high correlation over multidimensions which includes time, frequency, and space. Accordingly, recent literature uses tensor-based methods to exploit the multidimensional spectrum correlation. However, these methods share two main drawbacks. First, they are computationally complex. Second, they need to re-train the overall model when no information is received from any base station for any reason. Different than the existing works, this paper proposes a method for dividing the multidimensional correlation exploitation problem into a set of smaller sub-problems. This division is achieved through composite two-dimensional (2D)-long short-term memory (LSTM) models. Extensive experimental results reveal a high detection performance with more robustness and less complexity attained by the proposed method. The real-world measurements provided by one of the leading mobile network operators in Turkey validate these results.
Supplementary Table S3 from First-in-Human Study of the Radioligand <sup>68</sup>Ga-N188 Targeting Nectin-4 for PET/CT Imaging of Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Quality control of 68Ga-N188 used in this study&lt;/p&gt;
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery Induces Early Plasma Metabolomic and Lipidomic Alterations in Humans Associated with Diabetes Remission (2015)

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective method to attain sustained weight loss and diabetes remission. We aimed to elucidate early changes in the plasma metabolome and lipidome after RYGB. Plasma samples from 16 insulin-resistant morbidly obese subjects, of whom 14 had diabetes, were subjected to global metabolomics and lipidomics analysis at pre-surgery and 4 and 42 days after RYGB. Metabolites and lipid species were compared between time points and between subjects who were in remission and not in remission from diabetes 2 years after surgery. We found that the variables that were most discriminatory between time points were decanoic acid and octanoic acid, which were elevated 42 days after surgery, and sphingomyelins (18:1/21:0 and 18:1/23:3), which were at their lowest level 42 days after surgery. Insulin levels were lower at 4 and 42 days after surgery compared with pre-surgery levels. At 4 days after surgery, insulin levels correlated positively with metabolites of branched chain and aromatic amino acid metabolism and negatively with triglycerides with long-chain fatty acids. Of the 14 subjects with diabetes prior to surgery, 7 were in remission 2 years after surgery. The subjects in remission displayed higher pre-surgery levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and triglycerides with long-chain fatty acids compared with subjects not in remission. Thus, metabolic alterations are induced soon after surgery and subjects with diabetes remission differ in the metabolic profiles at pre- and early post-surgery time points compared to patients not in remission.
Wnt activation promotes memory T cell polyfunctionality via epigenetic regulator PRMT1 (2022)

T cell polyfunctionality is a hallmark of protective immunity against pathogens and cancer, yet the molecular mechanism governing it remains mostly elusive. We found that canonical Wnt agonists inhibited human memory CD8+ T cell differentiation while simultaneously promoting the generation of highly polyfunctional cells. Downstream effects of Wnt activation persisted after removal of the drug, and T cells remained polyfunctional following subsequent cell division, indicating the effect is epigenetically regulated. Wnt activation induced a gene expression pattern that is enriched with stem cell-specific gene signatures and upregulation of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), a known epigenetic regulator. PRMT1+CD8+ T cells are associated with enhanced polyfunctionality, especially the ability to produce IL-2. In contrast, inhibition of PRMT1 ameliorated the effects of Wnt on polyfunctionality. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that H4R3me2a, a permissive transcription marker mediated by PRMT1, increased at the IL-2 promoter loci following Wnt activation. In vivo, Wnt-treated T cells exhibited superior polyfunctionality and persistence. When applied to cytomegalovirus (CMV) donor-seropositive, recipient-seronegative patients (D+/R-) lung transplant patient samples, Wnt activation enhanced CMV-specific T cell polyfunctionality, which is important in controlling CMV diseases. These findings reveal a molecular mechanism governing T cell polyfunctionality and identify PRMT1 as a potential target for T cell immunotherapy.
Directional antenna diversity for mobile devices (2010)

We report a first-of-its-kind realization of directional transmission for smartphone-like mobile devices using multiple passive directional antennas, supported by only one RF chain. The key is a multi-antenna system (MiDAS) and its antenna selection methods that judiciously select the right antenna for transmission. It is grounded by two measurement-driven studies regarding 1) how smartphones rotate during wireless usage in the field and 2) how orientation and rotation impact the performance of directional antennas under various propagation environments.
New Mechanistic Insights, Novel Treatment Paradigms, and Clinical Progress in Cerebrovascular Diseases (2021)

The past decade has brought tremendous progress in diagnostic and therapeutic options for cerebrovascular diseases as exemplified by the advent of thrombectomy in ischemic stroke, benefitting a steeply increasing number of stroke patients and potentially paving the way for a renaissance of neuroprotectants. Progress in basic science has been equally impressive. Based on a deeper understanding of pathomechanisms underlying cerebrovascular diseases, new therapeutic targets have been identified and novel treatment strategies such as pre- and post-conditioning methods were developed. Moreover, translationally relevant aspects are increasingly recognized in basic science studies, which is believed to increase their predictive value and the relevance of obtained findings for clinical application.This review reports key results from some of the most remarkable and encouraging achievements in neurovascular research that have been reported at the 10th International Symposium on Neuroprotection and Neurorepair. Basic science topics discussed herein focus on aspects such as neuroinflammation, extracellular vesicles, and the role of sex and age on stroke recovery. Translational reports highlighted endovascular techniques and targeted delivery methods, neurorehabilitation, advanced functional testing approaches for experimental studies, pre-and post-conditioning approaches as well as novel imaging and treatment strategies. Beyond ischemic stroke, particular emphasis was given on activities in the fields of traumatic brain injury and cerebral hemorrhage in which promising preclinical and clinical results have been reported. Although the number of neutral outcomes in clinical trials is still remarkably high when targeting cerebrovascular diseases, we begin to evidence stepwise but continuous progress towards novel treatment options. Advances in preclinical and translational research as reported herein are believed to have formed a solid foundation for this progress.
An automatic speech translation system on PDAs for travel conversation (2003)

We present an automatic speech-to-speech translation system for personal digital assistants (PDAs) that helps oral communication between Japanese and English speakers in various situations while traveling. Our original compact large vocabulary continuous speech recognition engine, compact translation engine based on a lexicalized grammar, and compact Japanese speech synthesis engine lead to the development of a Japanese/English bi-directional speech translation system that works with limited computational resources.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Gene Expression Profiling in Cervical Cancer: An Exploration of Intratumor Heterogeneity (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Gene Expression Profiling in Cervical Cancer: An Exploration of Intratumor Heterogeneity
Acute intravenous leptin infusion increases glucose turnover but not skeletal muscle glucose uptake in ob/ob mice. (1999)

The mouse ob gene encodes leptin, an adipocyte hormone that regulates body weight and energy expenditure. Leptin has potent metabolic effects on fat and glucose metabolism. A mutation of the ob gene results in mice with severe hereditary obesity and diabetes that can be corrected by treatment with the hormone. In lean mice, leptin acutely increases glucose metabolism in an insulin-independent manner, which could account, at least in part, for some of the antidiabetic effect of the hormone. To investigate further the acute effect of leptin on glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant obese diabetic mice, leptin (40 ng x g(-1) x h(-1)) was administered intravenously for 6 h in C57Bl/6J ob/ob mice. Leptin increased glucose turnover and stimulated glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue (BAT), brain, and heart with no increase in heart rate. A slight increase in all splanchnic tissues was also noticed. Conversely, no increase in skeletal muscle or white adipose tissue (WAT) glucose uptake was observed. Plasma insulin concentration increased moderately but neither glucose, glucagon, thyroid hormones, growth hormone, nor IGF-1 levels were different from phosphate-buffered saline-infused C57Bl/6J ob/ob mice. In addition, leptin stimulated hepatic glucose production, which was associated with increased glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Conversely, PEPCK activity was rather diminished. Interestingly, hepatic insulin receptor substrate (IRS)1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity was slightly elevated, but neither the content of glucose transporter GLUT2 nor the phosphorylation state of the insulin receptor and IRS-1 were changed by acute leptin treatment. Hepatic lipid metabolism was not stimulated during the acute leptin infusion, since the content of triglycerides, glycerol, and citrate was unchanged. These findings suggest that in ob/ob mice, the antidiabetic antiobesity effect of leptin could be the result of a profound alteration of glucose metabolism in liver, BAT, heart, and consequently, glucose turnover. Insulin resistance of skeletal muscle and WAT, while not affected by acute leptin treatment, could also be corrected in the long term and account for some of leptin's antidiabetic effects.
Workshop on financial risk analytics (2015)

The recent global financial crisis has made risk management and financial stability a foremost concern of regulatory agencies and corporations worldwide. In financial institutions, the scope of risk management extends beyond assessing potential losses due to adverse market or credit events, to encompass the effects of operational failures and a lack of liquidity. The greater visibility of the risk management function within the organization has been accompanied by an increasing awareness of the potential limitations of existing risk models. Overcoming such limitations poses numerous challenges for risk researchers in industry and academia.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Substituted Nitriles and Cyanohydrins by Oxidative Cleavage of Chiral Aldehyde Hydrazones with Magnesium Monoperoxyphthalate. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
From informing to remembering: ubiquitous systems in interactive museums (2002)

Museums are excellent locations for testing ubiquitous systems; the Exploratorium in San Francisco offers a unique and challenging environment for just such a system. An important design consideration is how users switch between virtual and physical interactions.
Mechanically robust, readily repairable polymers via tailored noncovalent cross-linking (2017)

Expanding the range of healable materials is an important challenge for sustainable societies. Noncrystalline, high-molecular-weight polymers generally form mechanically robust materials, which, however, are difficult to repair once they are fractured. This is because their polymer chains are heavily entangled and diffuse too sluggishly to unite fractured surfaces within reasonable time scales. Here we report that low-molecular-weight polymers, when cross-linked by dense hydrogen bonds, yield mechanically robust yet readily repairable materials, despite their extremely slow diffusion dynamics. A key was to use thiourea, which anomalously forms a zigzag hydrogen-bonded array that does not induce unfavorable crystallization. Another key was to incorporate a structural element for activating the exchange of hydrogen-bonded pairs, which enables the fractured portions to rejoin readily upon compression.
Supplemental Table 3 from Detection of Therapeutically Targetable Driver and Resistance Mutations in Lung Cancer Patients by Next-Generation Sequencing of Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA (2023)

&lt;p&gt;All mutations detected in patient ctDNA (n=102)&lt;/p&gt;
Serological responses in primary neuritic leprosy (1991)

The serological responses to 2 Mycobacterium leprae specific epitopes and one common mycobacterial antigen were examined in 46 untreated patients with primary neuritic (PN) leprosy. M. leprae specific antibodies to the terminal disaccharide of phenolic glycolipid and/or the ML-04 defined epitope on the 35 kDa protein were detected in 41% of PN patients and 47% responded to one of the 3 antigens. This serological response mirrored that observed in paucibacillary leprosy patients. There was a significant increase in the level of antibody response when more nerve trunks were involved. Changes in antibody levels in seropositive PN patients may prove useful in monitoring the response to chemotherapy.
Molecular Reactions of O2 and CO2 on Ionically Conducting Catalyst (2017)

The presence of CO2, an unavoidable component in air and fuel environments, is known to cause severe performance degradation in oxide catalysts. Understanding the interactions between O2, CO2, and ion-conducting oxides is critical to developing energy-conversion devices. Here, surface reaction kinetics of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF) with the presence of both O2 and CO2 is determined using gas-phase isotope exchange. BSCF actively reacts with CO2, and the incorporation of oxygen from CO2 to the lattice of BSCF is directly observed as low as 50 °C. Above 200 °C, the reaction between CO2 and the BSCF surface dominates and is independent of the oxygen partial pressure. In addition, CO2 competes with O2 for binding to vacancy sites, forming surface intermediate species. Surprisingly, these surface intermediate species offer oxygen to exchange with oxygen in gaseous O2 and CO2, inhibiting the interactions between O2 and the solid surface. This work provides fundamental insight into functioning oxide catalysts, and the results can be applied to the design of improved oxide catalysts.
Characterization of fuel cell electrode processes by AC impedance (1988)

Abstract Alternating current impedance measurements can be used as an in situ method for characterizing rate‐limiting processes in fuel cell electrodes. Theoretical models have been derived and solved analytically. Theoretical analysis indicates that kinetic information can be extracted from the effect of temperature and gas composition on the size of the kinetic loop. The relative importance of kinetics and mass transfer can be inferred from AC impedance analysis. Several examples are given for the case of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) electrodes. Such electrodes are not accessible to classical kinetic investigation techniques due to the high operating temperature and corrosive environment. Relevant kinetic information about MCFC electrodes has been obtained successfully using this in situ technique.
A Novel Aromatic Carboxylic Acid Inactivates Luciferase by Acylation of an Enzymatically Active Regulatory Lysine Residue (2013)

Firefly luciferase (Luc) is widely used as a reporter enzyme in cell-based assays for gene expression. A novel aromatic carboxylic acid, F-53, reported here for the first time, substantially inhibited the enzymatic activity of Luc in a Luc reporter screening. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses showed that F-53 modifies Luc at lysine-529 via amidation of the F-53 carboxyl group. The lysine-529 residue of Luc, which plays a regulatory catalytic role, can be acetylated. Luc also has a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthase activity. An in vitro assay that involved both recombinant Luc and mouse liver microsomes identified F-53-CoA as the reactive form produced from F-53. However, whereas the inhibitory effect of F-53 is observed in Hela cells that transiently expressed Luc, it is not observed in an in vitro assay that involves recombinant Luc alone. Therefore, insights into the activities of certain mammalian transferases can be translated to better understand the acylation by F-53. The insights from this study about the novel inhibitory modification mechanism might help not only to avoid misinterpretation of the results of Luc-based reporter screening assays but also to explain the pharmacological and toxicological effects of carboxylic acid-containing drugs.
Targeting the Dimerization of EGFR (2008)

It is estimated that one in eight American women will develop breast cancer in her lifetime and a significant number of these cases are due to misregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR. Current drugs based on antibodies (mAbs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) show promising yet highly variable clinical efficacy. Recent advancements in EGFR‐signaling suggest that these therapeutic limitations are due to underestimation of a complex system that relies on receptor dimerization. Here we report a class of small‐molecule inhibitors that target and disrupt the dimerization in living cells, which contrasts the traditional strategies of developing mAb‐ and TKI‐based inhibitors. Our approach is a top‐down protocol that combines in silico high‐throughput screen of a compound library and in vitro biochemical assays that experimentally test the putative candidates. Several compounds were identified as potent and specific inhibitor against the activation of EGFR in living cells. The discovery, and the on‐going characterization, of these inhibitors offer an alternative class of EGFR‐inhibitors and could serve as the building blocks of novel therapeutics against breast cancer. NIH grant GM68460
Deterministic Scheme for Type-II Dirac Points and Experimental Realization in Acoustics (2019)

Low-energy electrons near Dirac/Weyl nodal points mimic massless relativistic fermions. However, as they are not constrained by Lorentz invariance, they can exhibit tipped-over type-II Dirac/Weyl cones which provide highly anisotropic physical properties and responses, creating unique possibilities. Recently, they have been observed in several quantum and classical systems. Yet, there is still no simple and deterministic strategy to realize them since their nodal points are accidental degeneracies, unlike symmetry-guaranteed type-I counterparts. Here, we propose a band-folding scheme for constructing type-II Dirac points, and we use a tight-binding analysis to unveil its generality and deterministic nature. Through realizations in acoustics, type-II Dirac points are experimentally visualized and investigated using near-field mappings. As a direct effect of tipped-over Dirac cones, strongly tilted kink states originating from their valley-Hall properties are also observed. This deterministic scheme could serve as platform for further investigations of intriguing physics associated with various strongly Lorentz-violating nodal points.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Novel Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Combat Hepatocellular Carcinoma without Inducing Chemoresistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 169K, Viability of treated hepatoma cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Finding genetically-supported drug targets for Parkinson’s disease using Mendelian randomization of the druggable genome (2021)

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that currently has no disease-modifying treatment, partly owing to inefficiencies in drug target identification and validation. We use Mendelian randomization to investigate over 3,000 genes that encode druggable proteins and predict their efficacy as drug targets for Parkinson's disease. We use expression and protein quantitative trait loci to mimic exposure to medications, and we examine the causal effect on Parkinson's disease risk (in two large cohorts), age at onset and progression. We propose 23 drug-targeting mechanisms for Parkinson's disease, including four possible drug repurposing opportunities and two drugs which may increase Parkinson's disease risk. Of these, we put forward six drug targets with the strongest Mendelian randomization evidence. There is remarkably little overlap between our drug targets to reduce Parkinson's disease risk versus progression, suggesting different molecular mechanisms. Drugs with genetic support are considerably more likely to succeed in clinical trials, and we provide compelling genetic evidence and an analysis pipeline to prioritise Parkinson's disease drug development.