gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adsorption Isotherms on Fluoride Removal: Batch Techniques (2010)

The ability of cynodon dactylon based thermally activated carbon to remove fluoride from aqueous solution has been investigated. The batch adsorption studies were carried out at neutral pH as the functions of contact time, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, temperature and effect of co-anions, which are commonly present in water. The rate of adsorption was rapid during initial 105 minutes and attained equilibrium. Adsorption isotherms have been modeled by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich–Peterson isotherms. The data indicate that prepared adsorbent surface sites are heterogeneous in nature and that fits into a heterogeneous site binding model. The present system followed the Redlich–Peterson isotherm as well as Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The enthalpy change (H°) and entropy change (S°) for the adsorption reaction are calculated as +8.725 kJ/mol and +0.033 J/mol K respectively. The adsorption is endothermic in nature. Instrumental analysis XRD, FT-IR and SEM gives the conformation about the fluoride binding ability of adsorbent. Field studies were carried out with the fluoride containing water sample collected from a fluoride-endemic area in order to test the suitability of the sorbent at field conditions and obtained good success rate.
Frequency-comb displacement metrology (2003)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. Lawall, "Frequency-comb displacement metrology," in Frontiers in Optics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2003), paper MJ3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Optical Beam-Based Defect Localization Methodologies for Open and Short Failures in Micrometer-Scale 3-D TSV Interconnects (2020)

We report laser-based fault isolation methodologies for the localization of open and short failures in 1 × 5 μm via-last through-silicon via (TSV) structures for 3-D system-on-chip (SoC) integration. Due to the photosensitive TSV interconnect capacitance, observation of the photocapacitance response enables nondestructive localization of metallization ruptures. A light-induced capacitance alteration (LICA) measurement is demonstrated on an open failed 1 × 5 μm TSV chain structure with a manufacturing defect. We validate our measurements with active voltage contrast imaging in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and focused-ion beam (FIB) cross sectioning. Second, TSV dielectric defects generating leakage current between TSV and substrate (i.e., short defects) are detected and localized by sensing the laser-induced TSV photocurrent. An optical beam-induced current (OBIC) measurement is demonstrated on electrically overstressed TSV array structures whereby multiple TSVs are configured in a parallel arrangement. By applying a selective substrate removal process, we can expose the full TSV array and perform optical and tilted SEM inspection and reveal pinhole defects in the TSV liner. We further investigate the effect of breakdown energy on the pinhole formation, relate electrical measurements to SEM inspection, and confirm our results by FIB cross sectioning.
Optical system integration and reliability of very large arrays of individually addressable high-power single mode lasers (2006)

Photonic integration of large arrays of high power, single mode lasers using quantum well intermixing technology in a small form-factor package is described. Lifetime analysis reveals excellent reliability of large element laser arrays packaged into small form-factor optical systems.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Topical TLR7 Agonist Imiquimod Can Induce Immune-Mediated Rejection of Skin Metastases in Patients with Breast Cancer (2023)

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Mutational analyses of the human Rad51‐Tyr315 residue, a site for phosphorylation in leukaemia cells (2004)

The human Rad51 protein, which plays a central role in homologous recombination, catalyses homologous pairing. The Rad51-Tyr315 residue is known to be constitutively phosphorylated in leukaemia cells and is thought to reside within the subunit-subunit interface of the Rad51 filament. To study the function of the Tyr315 residue, we purified five Rad51 mutants, Y315D, Y315E, Y315R, Y315A and Y315F, in which the Tyr315 residue was replaced by Asp, Glu, Arg, Ala and Phe, respectively. Biochemical studies of these Rad51 mutants revealed that the Y315D and Y315E mutants are defective in homologous pairing due to their impaired ssDNA binding, but their dsDNA binding remained unaffected. The Y315D, Y315E and Y315R mutants are defective in dsDNA unwinding, which depends on Rad51-filament formation, suggesting that these mutants are defective in filament formation on dsDNA. Therefore, the Rad51-Tyr315 residue plays important roles in ssDNA binding and filament formation.
Dynamic Enforcement of Knowledge-Based Security Policies (2011)

This paper explores the idea of knowledge-based security policies, which are used to decide whether to answer queries over secret data based on an estimation of the querier's (possibly increased) knowledge given the results. Limiting knowledge is the goal of existing information release policies that employ mechanisms such as noising, anonymization, and redaction. Knowledge-based policies are more general: they increase flexibility by not fixing the means to restrict information flow. We enforce a knowledge-based policy by explicitly tracking a model of a querier's belief about secret data, represented as a probability distribution, and denying any query that could increase knowledge above a given threshold. We implement query analysis and belief tracking via abstract interpretation using a novel probabilistic polyhedral domain, whose design permits trading off precision with performance while ensuring estimates of a querier's knowledge are sound. Experiments with our implementation show that several useful queries can be handled efficiently, and performance scales far better than would more standard implementations of probabilistic computation based on sampling.
Biaxial elastic material properties of porcine coronary media and adventitia (2005)

The importance of mechanical stresses and strains has become well recognized in vascular physiology and pathology. To compute the stress and strain on the various components of the vessel wall, we must know the constitutive equations for the different layers of the vessel wall. The objective of the present study is to determine the constitutive equation of the coronary artery treated as a two-layer composite: intima-media and adventitial layers. Twelve hearts were obtained from a local slaughterhouse, and the right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery were dissected free from the myocardium. The vessel wall was initially mechanically tested biaxially (inflation and axial extension) as a whole (intact wall) and subsequently as intima-media or adventitial layer. A Fung-type exponential strain energy function was used to curve fit the experimental data for the intact wall and individual layers for the right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery. Two methods were used for the determination of material constants, including the Marquardt-Levenberg nonlinear least squares method and the genetic algorithm method. Our results show that there were no statistically significant differences in the material constants obtained from the two methods and that either set of elastic constants results in good fit of the data. Furthermore, at an in vivo value of axial stretch ratio, we find that the stiffness is as follows: intima-media > intact > adventitia. These results underscore the composite nature of coronary arteries with different material properties in each layer. The present results are necessary for analysis of coronary artery mechanics and to provide a fundamental understanding of vessel physiology.
H + ion-implantation energy dependence of electronic transport properties in the MeV range in n-type silicon wafers using frequency-domain photocarrier radiometry (2007)

Industrial n-type Si wafers (resistivity of 5–10Ωcm) were H+ ion implanted with energies between 0.75 and 2.00MeV, and the electronic transport properties of the implanted layer (recombination lifetime, carrier diffusion coefficient, and front-surface and implanted-interface recombination velocities s1 and s2) were studied using photocarrier radiometry (PCR). A quantitative fitting procedure to the diffusing photoexcited free-carrier density wave was introduced using a relatively simple two-layer PCR model in lieu of the more realistic but substantially more complicated three-layer model. The experimental trends in the transport properties of H+-implanted Si layers extracted from the PCR amplitude and phase data as functions of implantation energy corroborate a physical model of the implanted layer in which (a) overlayer damage due to the light H+ ions decreases with increased depth of implantation at higher energies, (b) the implanted region damage close to the interface is largely decoupled from the overlayer crystallinity, and (c) the concentration of implanted H+ ions decreases at higher implantation energies at the interface, thus decreasing the degree of implantation damage at the interface proper.
A Novel l-Xylulose Reductase Essential for l-Arabinose Catabolism in Trichoderma reesei (2013)

L-Xylulose reductases belong to the superfamily of short chain dehydrogenases and reductases (SDRs) and catalyze the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of L-xylulose to xylitol in L-arabinose and glucuronic acid catabolism. Here we report the identification of a novel L-xylulose reductase LXR3 in the fungus Trichoderma reesei by a bioinformatic approach in combination with a functional analysis. LXR3, a 31 kDa protein, catalyzes the reduction of L-xylulose to xylitol via NADPH and is also able to convert D-xylulose, D-ribulose, L-sorbose, and D-fructose to their corresponding polyols. Transcription of lxr3 is specifically induced by L-arabinose and L-arabitol. Deletion of lxr3 affects growth on L-arabinose and L-arabitol and reduces total NADPH-dependent LXR activity in cell free extracts. A phylogenetic analysis of known L-xylulose reductases shows that LXR3 is phylogenetically different from the Aspergillus niger L-xylulose reductase LxrA and, moreover, that all identified true L-xylulose reductases belong to different clades within the superfamily of SDRs. This indicates that the enzymes responsible for the reduction of L-xylulose in L-arabinose and glucuronic acid catabolic pathways have evolved independently and that even the fungal LXRs of the L-arabinose catabolic pathway have evolved in different clades of the superfamily of SDRs.
A multi-element high intensity focused ultrasound transducer: Design, fabrication, and testing (2004)

The goal of this project is to develop an intra-cavity image-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) device using piezocomposite technology and commercially available ultrasound imaging. The HIFU array, manufactured by Imasonic Corporation, is an 11-element annular phased array, with a focal length range of 30–60 mm, and operating frequency of 3 MHz (bandwidth of 1 MHz). The imaging probe (C9-5, Philips) is configured such that the focal axis of the HIFU beam was within the image plane. The array includes six complete central rings and five side-truncated peripheral rings, all with the natural radius of curvature of 50 mm. Impedance of all elements is approximately 50 ohms (10% accuracy for real and imaginary parts). Cross coupling between adjacent elements is less than, −40 dB. High power measurements showed more than 75% efficiency, at surface intensity of 2.66 W/cm2. Schlieren imaging showed effective focusing at all focal lengths (30–60 mm). The image-guided HIFU device requires water or hydrogel coupling, and possibly water cooling. The results of the full characterization for lesion formation in tissue-mimicking phantoms and biological tissues will be presented. Possible applications include uterine fibroids, abnormal uterine bleeding, and intraoperative hemostasis of occult hemorrhage.
Inoculation of young horses with bovine papillomavirus type 1 virions leads to early infection of PBMCs prior to pseudo-sarcoid formation (2011)

Bovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 (BPV-1 and BPV-2) are known to induce common equine skin tumours, termed sarcoids. Recently, it was demonstrated that vaccination with BPV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) is safe and highly immunogenic in horses. To establish a BPV-1 challenge model for evaluation of the protective potential of BPV-1 VLPs, four foals were injected intradermally with infectious BPV-1 virions and with viral genome-based and control inocula, and monitored daily for tumour development. Blood was taken before inoculation and at weekly intervals. BPV-1-specific serum antibodies were detected by a pseudo-virion neutralization assay. Total nucleic acids extracted from tumours, intact skin and PBMCs were tested for the presence of BPV-1 DNA and mRNA using PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. Intralesional E5 oncoprotein expression was determined by immunofluorescence. Pseudo-sarcoids developed exclusively at sites inoculated with virions. Tumours became palpable 11-32 days after virion challenge, reached a size of ≤20 mm in diameter and then resolved in ≤6 months. No neutralizing anti-BPV-1 serum antibodies were detectable pre- or post-challenge. BPV-1 DNA was present in lesions but not in intact skin. In PBMCs, viral DNA was already detectable before lesions were first palpable, in concentrations correlating directly with tumour growth kinetics. PBMCs from two of two foals also harboured E5 mRNA. Immunofluorescence revealed the presence of the E5 protein in tumour fibroblasts, but not in the apparently normal epidermis overlying the lesions. Together with previous findings obtained in horses and cows, these data suggest that papillomavirus infection may include a viraemic phase.
Inhibition of T cell developmemt in thymic organ culture: Implications for the mechanism of action of cyclosporin A (1990)

We have examined the effects of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) on the phenotypic maturation of T cells in thymic organ cultures begun at day 16 of gestation. CsA specifically inhibited the generation of cells expressing high levels of alpha/beta TcR/CD3 complexes and a mature phenotype defined by CD4 and CD8 surface markers. Adding interleukin (IL) 1 beta, IL 2 or IL 4 failed to reverse the effects of CsA, and major histocompatibility complex class II expression in the thymic medulla was preserved. Possible mechanisms of CsA-mediated inhibition of T cell development are discussed.
Ode as an Active Database: Constraints and Triggers (1991)

this paper, after a quick introduction to O++ in Section 2, we state our design goals in providing trigger and constraint facilities for an object-oriented database in Section 3. We then describe the constraint and trigger facilities in Ode and illustrate their use in Sections 4 through 6. We also discuss issues related to constraints and triggers such as intra-object versus inter-object constraints and triggers, and referential integrity. In Section 7 we give details about the implementation of Ode triggers and constraints. Finally, in Section 8, we discuss constraint and trigger facilities in other systems.
Nozzle geometry for organic vapor jet printing (2023)

A first device is provided. The device includes a print head. The print head further includes a first nozzle hermetically sealed to a first source of gas. The first nozzle has an aperture having a smallest dimension of 0.5 to 500 microns in a direction perpendicular to a flow direction of the first nozzle. At a distance from the aperture into the first nozzle that is 5 times the smallest dimension of the aperture of the first nozzle, the smallest dimension perpendicular to the flow direction is at least twice the smallest dimension of the aperture of the first nozzle.
Dataset for Strain-Engineering in Germanium Membranes towards Light Sources on Silicon (2018)

Data supporting: Burt, D, Al-Attili, A, Li, Z, Liu, F, Higashitarumizu, N, Ishikawa, Y, Querin, O, Gardes, F, Kelsall, R, Saito, S &amp; Oda, K 2017, 'Strain-engineering in germanium membranes towards light sources on silicon' 2017 IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference (EDTM 2017), Japan, 28/02/17 - 2/03/17, .
Effects of fusion-product alpha particles on plasma stability in the fusion ignition experiment IGNITEX (1990)

Summary form only given. The effects of alpha particles on the stability of MHD modes in IGNITEX plasmas are investigated analytically and numerically. The sawtooth and fishbone oscillations, which may occur in the central part of the plasma column, are associated with the <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n </e1> =1, <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</e1> =1 internal kink modes and are considered to be a potential threat to the attainment of ignitions. The energetic trapped ions can open a stability window where both sawtooth and fishbone oscillations are suppressed. It is found that the stability window can be attained on the IGNITEX experiment because the major radius is relatively small and the magnetic field is quite high. Energetic trapped alpha particles interact through their processional drift with high-mode-number ballooning modes. Instabilities can be excited if the alpha beta exceeds a critical value. High- <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</e1> ballooning modes should be stable in the IGNITEX experiment owing to its high magnetic field and the rather low bulk plasma and alpha beta values. Shear-Alfven waves may be destabilized via alpha particle transit and magnetic-drift frequency resonances. Several excitation mechanisms that correspond to different free energy sources are investigated. Instabilities may be excited by alpha particles with nonmonotonic isotropic distribution, nonuniform space distribution, and anisotropy distribution. It is shown that stable fusion ignited plasmas can be produced in IGNITEX by preventing potentially dangerous alpha instabilities. The low-beta, ohmic-heating, L-mode regime of operation is shown to be the most appropriate for a fusion ignition experiment in a laboratory
High average current injectors for free electron lasers (2010)

Summary form only given. High average power FELs require high average current electron injectors capable of generating high quality electron bunches with a short bunch duration and a repetition rate equal to the frequency of the rf linac. In this talk the use of rf-gated gridded thermionic electron guns is proposed as a solution for high average power operation. In the proposed configuration, the rf-gated grid employs a superposition of the fundamental and 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic of the rf linac frequency, e.g., 700 MHz and 2.1 GHz. The cathode-grid gap can support a wide frequency band including both the fundamental and 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic of the linac frequency. The addition of the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic is shown to provide shorter bunches and improve the bunch current structure. In addition, the electron bunches, upon exiting the rf-gated gun, are accelerated and further bunched in cavities operating at both the fundamental and 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic of the rf linac. The use of the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic in the accelerating/bunching cavities improves the degree and quality of longitudinal bunching. In the proposed configuration, every rf bucket of the linac field is filled with an electron bunch. Simulations of the bunch dynamics, which are fully electromagnetic and include self-field effects, indicate that this approach can provide the appropriate injector beam, i.e., charge per bunch, bunch duration, longitudinal emittance, transverse emittance, bunch radius and repetition rate, for high average power FELs operating in the IR regime.
Cleavage of poly(A) tails on the 3'-end of RNA by ribonuclease E of Escherichia coli (2001)

RNase E initiates the decay of Escherichia coli RNAs by cutting them internally near their 5'-end and is a component of the RNA degradosome complex, which also contains the 3'-exonuclease PNPASE: Recently, RNase E has been shown to be able to remove poly(A) tails by what has been described as an exonucleolytic process that can be blocked by the presence of a phosphate group on the 3'-end of the RNA. We show here, however, that poly(A) tail removal by RNase E is in fact an endonucleolytic process that is regulated by the phosphorylation status at the 5'- but not the 3'-end of RNA. The rate of poly(A) tail removal by RNase E was found to be 30-fold greater when the 5'-terminus of RNA substrates was converted from a triphosphate to monophosphate group. This finding prompted us to re-analyse the contributions of the ribonucleolytic activities within the degradosome to 3' attack since previous studies had only used substrates that had a triphosphate group on their 5'-end. Our results indicate that RNase E associated with the degradosome may contribute to the removal of poly(A) tails from 5'-monophosphorylated RNAs, but this is only likely to be significant should their attack by PNPase be blocked.
Prediction of Scene Plausibility (2022)

Understanding the 3D world from 2D images involves more than detection and segmentation of the objects within the scene. It also includes the interpretation of the structure and arrangement of the scene elements. Such understanding is often rooted in recognizing the physical world and its limitations, and in prior knowledge as to how similar typical scenes are arranged. In this research we pose a new challenge for neural network (or other) scene understanding algorithms - can they distinguish between plausible and implausible scenes? Plausibility can be defined both in terms of physical properties and in terms of functional and typical arrangements. Hence, we define plausibility as the probability of encountering a given scene in the real physical world. We build a dataset of synthetic images containing both plausible and implausible scenes, and test the success of various vision models in the task of recognizing and understanding plausibility.