gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Precursor-Layer Surface Charge on the Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Polyelectrolyte/Nanoparticle Multilayers (2011)

In this Article, we investigate the effect of a precursor layer, which is composed of four bilayers of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (PSS), on the subsequent LBL assembly of hybrid films composed of indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles and PSS. A precursor polyelectrolyte layer is usually deposited to minimize interference by the substrate. It is shown here that the “effective” surface charge of the precursor layer can significantly affect the subsequent assembly behavior of [ITO/PSS]9.5 hybrid thin films. Depending on the surface charge of the precursor layer, the subsequent LbL assembly of [ITO/PSS]9.5 hybrid films can exhibit either one or two regimes. When two growth regimes are present, the first one consists of a “recovery regime”, and the second is the expected “linear growth regime.” The length of the “recovery regime” is dependent on how much positive charge the precursor layer possesses and how fast this surface charge can be compensated. This work reveals for the first time that changes in the surface charge of the precursor layer can have a significant effect on the subsequent LBL assembly process. The surface charge of the precursor layer was investigated using ζ-potential measurements on model silica microspheres. These experiments showed that the surface charge of the precursor layer, [PEI/PSS]4, is dependent on the pH of the solution in which it is immersed, and that it can reverse from a negatively charged surface to a positively charged one, at sufficiently low pH due to the protonation of PEI, despite having the negatively charged PSS layer as the outermost layer.
Measurement of the transverse momentum and $$\phi ^*_{\eta }$$ ϕ η ∗ distributions of Drell–Yan lepton pairs in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=8$$ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2016)

Distributions of transverse momentum [Formula: see text] and the related angular variable [Formula: see text] of DrellΓÇôYan lepton pairs are measured in 20.3┬áfb[Formula: see text] of protonΓÇôproton collisions at [Formula: see text]┬áTeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Measurements in electron-pair and muon-pair final states are corrected for detector effects and combined. Compared to previous measurements in protonΓÇôproton collisions at [Formula: see text]┬áTeV, these new measurements benefit from a larger data sample and improved control of systematic uncertainties. Measurements are performed in bins of lepton-pair mass above, around and below the <i>Z</i>-boson mass peak. The data are compared to predictions from perturbative and resummed QCD calculations. For values of [Formula: see text] the predictions from the Monte Carlo generator ResBos are generally consistent with the data within the theoretical uncertainties. However, at larger values of [Formula: see text] this is not the case. Monte Carlo generators based on the parton-shower approach are unable to describe the data over the full range of [Formula: see text] while the fixed-order prediction of Dynnlo falls below the data at high values of [Formula: see text]. ResBos and the parton-shower Monte Carlo generators provide a much better description of the evolution of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] distributions as a function of lepton-pair mass and rapidity than the basic shape of the data.
An Extended Framework for Marginalized Domain Adaptation (2017)

We propose an extended framework for marginalized domain adaptation, aimed at addressing unsupervised, supervised and semi-supervised scenarios. We argue that the denoising principle should be extended to explicitly promote domain-invariant features as well as help the classification task. Therefore we propose to jointly learn the data auto-encoders and the target classifiers. First, in order to make the denoised features domain-invariant, we propose a domain regularization that may be either a domain prediction loss or a maximum mean discrepancy between the source and target data. The noise marginalization in this case is reduced to solving the linear matrix system $AX=B$ which has a closed-form solution. Second, in order to help the classification, we include a class regularization term. Adding this component reduces the learning problem to solving a Sylvester linear matrix equation $AX+BX=C$, for which an efficient iterative procedure exists as well. We did an extensive study to assess how these regularization terms improve the baseline performance in the three domain adaptation scenarios and present experimental results on two image and one text benchmark datasets, conventionally used for validating domain adaptation methods. We report our findings and comparison with state-of-the-art methods.
Metal carcinogenesis (1977)

The carcinogenic activity of seven metallic alloys was studied by implanting solid rods of each alloy in the gluteal muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats which were killed after twenty-four months. When the number of tumors in these rats was compared with the numbers in rats not operated on, in rats which had a sham operation, and in rats implanted with Silastic rods, no statistically significant differences in the incidences of the tumors in the several groups were found.
Achieving the secrecy capacity of the AWGN wiretap channel via multilevel coding (2017)

In this paper we study coded modulation for the AWGN wiretap channel. We propose multilevel coding in which the encoding of the message and the randomness is performed through distinct levels. Modulation dependent conditions under which the proposed multilevel coding achieves the secrecy capacity are studied. It is shown that it is always possible to achieve the secrecy capacity via this approach as the number of levels increases. While assuming maximum likelihood decoding at the eavesdropper, the proposed multilevel coding is studied under maximum likelihood decoding and multi-stage decoding at the legitimate receiver. The labeling effect on the achievable secrecy rates is also investigated. Achieving other points on the rate-equivocation region is also studied, showing that multilevel coding can approach any point on the rate-equivocation region. One of the advantages of the proposed method is to allow the use of existing BI-AWGN codes, e.g., LDPC codes, to approach the secrecy capacity. Simulations support our findings.
A convenient de novo synthesis of functionalised 2,4,6,8-tetraoxaadamantanes (1995)

Trioxabicyclononadienes 2 and 4, easily obtained by addition of nucleophiles to the stable α-oxoketene 1, are transformed into the corresponding 2,4,6,8-tetraoxaadamantanes 3 and 5 in high yields by acid-catalysed hydrolysis.
Design Considerations for Detecting Bicycles with Inductive Loop Detectors (2006)

Inductive loop detectors are widely used for vehicle detection. Historically, these loop detectors have been installed by saw cutting 2-m-by-2-m octagons into the top 8 cm of a pavement. New construction practices often replace the octagon loop with a preformed circular shape and place this circular loop approximately 30 cm below the paved surface. Although such installation procedures provide acceptable detection for trucks and automobiles, their performance with bicycles is less clear. This paper develops a model of loop detector–bicycle interaction, verifies the model with field measurement, and provides plots documenting the location of bicycle detection zone hot spots adjacent to loop detectors. On the basis of the model, it is concluded that the performance of circular loops in detecting bicycles is almost identical to that of similarly wound octagon loops. However, when those loops are installed under the pavement, their ability to detect bicycles is significantly degraded. Because pave-over installation has several long-term life-cycle cost benefits, this paper suggests that when loops are installed in this manner, the loop closer to the stop bar be connected to its own individual loop detector, rather than wired in series, to improve its ability to detect bicycles.
Charge Transfer Across the Nanocrystalline-DNA Interface:  Probing DNA Recognition (2004)

Hybrid nanocomposites that electronically link TiO2 nanoparticles to DNA oligonucleotides were developed. The linking of biomolecules with inorganic components was achieved by using bridging enediol ligands, such as dopamine (DA), which facilitate hole transfer across the interface, establishing efficient crosstalk between the biomolecule and metal oxide nanoparticles. The inherent programmability of oligonucleotides builds recognition properties into the hybrid system, allowing selective binding of nanoparticles to targeted molecules. The inorganic nanoparticles are inherently photoresponsive and therefore serve as a source of photogenerated charges that act as reporters of the electronic properties of the biomolecules. These photoactive bioinorganic TiO2/DA/DNA triads are capable of complex photo chemistries such as light induced manipulation of biomolecules and their switching functions. Consequently, light induced extended charge separation in these systems was found to be a fingerprint of DNA oligonucleotide hybridization.
S302 Multitarget Stool DNA Testing Has a High Positive Predictive Value for Colorectal Neoplasia on the Second Round of Testing (2021)

Introduction: Multitarget stool DNA (mt-sDNA) screening for colorectal cancer is recommended every 1-3 years by the United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) and covered every 3 years by Medicare. This recommendation is based on modeling and 1st round cross-sectional test performance. Real-world longitudinal performance data are lacking. We aimed to measure the test positive rate and the positive predictive value (PPV) of a 2nd mt-sDNA test to inform programmatic screening effectiveness estimates. Methods: This was a multi-site, retrospective cohort study of average risk patients who had ≥2 rounds of mt-sDNA screening from 2014-2019. Those at increased risk or with symptoms were excluded. Patients with a negative 1st mt-sDNA and a completed 2nd mt-sDNA test underwent individual chart review. Findings at post-mt-sDNA diagnostic colonoscopy (polyp number, location, and histology) were recorded. The test-positivity rate and PPV for endpoints of colorectal cancer (CRC), advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACRN), and any colorectal neoplasia (CRN) by site and sessile serrated polyp (SSP) sub-types were recorded for the 2nd mt-sDNA. Nominal comparison was made to a historical cohort of patients having 1st mt-sDNA testing using Fisher’s exact test. Results: 2113 patients met study inclusion criteria. Median age was 64 years (IQR 56-69). 96% of patients were white. 37% were male. Of the 2113 patients, 319 (15%) had a positive 2nd mt-sDNA. Median time to 2nd test was 3.2 years (IQR 3.0,3.4). Among those patients with a positive test, 300 (94%) underwent diagnostic colonoscopy, the reports from which were available for 298. The PPV of 2nd mt-sDNA was 1 (0.34%) for CRC, 71 (24%) for ACRN, 201 (67%) for any CRN (Table). Of those with any CRN, ≥1 lesion was right-sided in 169/201 (84%) and ≥1 SSP was found in 78/201 (39%). After 2nd mt-sDNA, only 4.6% (97/2113) patients screened completed a colonoscopy with non-neoplastic findings. Conclusion: Mt-sDNA test positivity rate was similar to that reported previously for 1st round screening and has a high PPV for both any CRN (67%) and advanced CRN (24%) on the 2nd round of testing. PPV for CRC may have been lowered by reduction in prevalence by negative 1st round screen. These findings are consistent with the previously reported PPV of mt-sDNA for the detection of advanced neoplasia on 1st round testing (Table 1). These observations provide essential confirmation of mt-sDNA test performance which is of importance to estimating programmatic test effectiveness.Table 1.: Comparison of 1st and 2nd round mt-sDNA testing outcomes. a) Advanced CRN includes cancers and polyps >1cm or with villous features on histology. b) Eckmann, J. D. et al. Am J Gastroenterol 115, 608-615 (2020). c) Colonoscopy reports were missing for 2/300 patients.
Direct Link between RACK1 Function and Localization at the Ribosome In Vivo (2008)

The receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK1), a conserved protein implicated in numerous signaling pathways, is a stoichiometric component of eukaryotic ribosomes located on the head of the 40S ribosomal subunit. To test the hypothesis that ribosome association is central to the function of RACK1 in vivo, we determined the 2.1-A crystal structure of RACK1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Asc1p) and used it to design eight mutant versions of RACK1 to assess roles in ribosome binding and in vivo function. Conserved charged amino acids on one side of the beta-propeller structure were found to confer most of the 40S subunit binding affinity, whereas an adjacent conserved and structured loop had little effect on RACK1-ribosome association. Yeast mutations that confer moderate to strong defects in ribosome binding mimic some phenotypes of a RACK1 deletion strain, including increased sensitivity to drugs affecting cell wall biosynthesis and translation elongation. Furthermore, disruption of RACK1's position at the 40S ribosomal subunit results in the failure of the mRNA binding protein Scp160 to associate with actively translating ribosomes. These results provide the first direct evidence that RACK1 functions from the ribosome, implying a physical link between the eukaryotic ribosome and cell signaling pathways in vivo.
Ovarian cysts in women receiving tamoxifen for breast cancer (1999)

Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal anti-oestrogen with gynaecological side-effects. Only recently, ovarian cyst formation during tamoxifen treatment has been reported. The present study aimed to evaluate patient-related parameters that determine ovarian cyst formation in women using tamoxifen for breast cancer. A cross-sectional study was performed in 142 breast cancer patients using tamoxifen. Forty-five patients were also examined prior to tamoxifen treatment. Gynaecological assessment, transvaginal ultrasonography (TVU) and serum oestradiol (E2) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) analysis were performed. Follow-up assessments were performed twice a year. Uni- or bilateral ovarian cysts were detected by TVU in 24 tamoxifen-using patients and in one patient before tamoxifen treatment. Multiple regression analysis showed that cyst development is related (multiple R = 0.73) to high E2 (P < 0.001), younger age (P < 0.001) and absence of high-dose chemotherapy (P = 0.007). Patients with ovarian cysts had higher serum E2 levels compared to patients without cysts (1.95 vs 0.05 nmol l(-1); P < 0.001). All patients after high-dose chemotherapy or older than 50 years had E2 < 0.10 nmol l(-1) and/or amenorrhoea > 1 year and did not develop ovarian cysts. Patients still having a menstrual cycle during tamoxifen had a high chance (81%) of developing ovarian cysts. Breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen only develop ovarian cysts if their ovaries are able to respond to FSH stimulation as shown by E2 production.
Central Role of Rho Kinase in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Platelet Capture on Venous Endothelium (2008)

From our data, we conclude that Rho-kinase signaling plays a central role in the regulation of LPS-induced platelet-endothelial cell interactions in large veins in vivo. Thus, Rho-kinase inhibition might be useful in prevention or treatment of pathological inflammation and endotoxin-mediated hypercoagulation.
Tunneling Images of Germanium Surface Reconstructions and Phase Boundaries (1985)

We have imaged with the tunneling microscope the microscopic surface topography of germanium layers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on Si(111)-7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7. The surface structures corresponding to Ge(111)-$c2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8$ and Ge(111)-7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7 are resolved. The Ge-$c2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8$ structure is shown to consist of a coherent combination of two simpler units both of which exist independently on the surface. The associated phase boundaries are illustrated. The Ge 7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7 structure is shown to be similar to that obtained for Si(111). Defects in the cell are also imaged.
Abstract P5-05-04: Intraductal delivery of RNAi-based therapeutics to gene targets identified through computational systems modeling (2012)

Abstract We utilize a computational systems biology approach to identify gene targets with the potential to serve as targets for therapeutic RNAi. Inferred gene regulatory network models were constructed using whole transcriptome expression profiling for progressive stages of mammary tumorigenesis in FVB C3(1)-SV40Tag mice. These computational models predicted key mediator transcription factors that are critical for hyperplasia and ductal filling in the early stages of disease progression. Putative mediator transcription factors were targeted by RNAi first in a mammary spheroid assay. Based on their ability to restore lumen formation and normal apical-basal polarization to mammary tumor cells, two transcription factors, Hoxa1 and Hoxb13, were selected for validation in vivo. siRNA targeting each of these transcription factors was formulated with lipidoid nanoparticles and delivered to the mammary gland via intraductal injection. Silencing Hoxa1 resulted in a significant reduction in tumor incidence in FVB C3(1)-SV40Tag. This represents a novel strategy to achieve localized silencing of a target gene in the mammary epithelium. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-05-04.
Employment Contracts, Influence Activities and Efficient Organization Design (1987)

rent seeking, influence, transaction costs, organization, incentives, labor contracts, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Business
CLDN6 CAR-T cell therapy of relapsed/refractory solid tumors ± a CLDN6-encoding mRNA vaccine: Dose escalation data from the BNT211-01 phase 1 trial using an automated product. (2023)

2518 Background: We are developing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy targeting claudin 6 (CLDN6), an oncofetal antigen that is undetectable in healthy somatic tissue and highly expressed in various solid cancers. Autologous CLDN6 CAR-T cells are being tested alone and in combination with CLDN6-encoding CAR-T cell Amplifying RNA Vaccine (CARVac), a nanoparticulate RNA vaccine designed to stimulate and expand CLDN6 CAR-T cells. Methods: The ongoing first-in-human trial BNT211-01 evaluates the safety and feasibility of CLDN6 CAR-T cell transfer ± CARVac in lymphodepleted patients with relapsed/refractory solid tumors. Patients are pre-screened for CLDN6 expression with a cut-off of 50% positivity of intermediate or strong intensity by immunohistochemistry staining. Key endpoints are safety, tolerability, and anti-tumor activity. Pharmacokinetics of adoptively transferred CAR-T cells in peripheral blood is monitored by quantitative PCR. Dose escalation proceeds according to a classical 3+3 design, testing CLDN6 CAR-T cells at each dose level as both as monotherapy and in combination with CARVac. We previously reported results from 22 patients from 4 dose escalation cohorts with a manual CAR-T production process ± CARVac (ESMO-IO LBA38) which followed the same methodology. We observed durable responses along with a manageable safety profile, in line with commercial CAR-T products used to treat B-cell malignancies. No on-target/off-tumor toxicity and only a single case of (grade 1) neurotoxicity was observed. Given the encouraging efficacy, we have implemented an automated process to scale-up manufacturing. Accordingly, we are repeating the dose escalation with an automated CAR-T cell product, and with a modified CARVac regimen. As of 1 st February 2023, 7 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC), 4 with testicular germ cell tumors (GCT), and a further 5 patients with tumors of various indications have been infused with CAR-T cells up to DL2. We intend to submit efficacy, safety and CAR T-cell pharmacokinetics data from 5 cohorts treated with 1x10 6 , 1x10 7 or 1x10 8 CLDN6 CAR-T cells ± CARVac with a data cut-off of March 14 th , 2023 from ≥17 treated patients as a late-breaking abstract. Clinical trial information: NCT04503278 .
Supplementary figure S1 from <i>BIRC6</i> Targeting as Potential Therapy for Advanced, Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;BIRC6 mRNA levels in MR49F cells treated with ASO-6w2&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 2,2‐Difluorovinylzirconocene: A Facile Synthesis of Monosubstituted gem‐Difluoroolefins via Its Cross‐Coupling Reaction. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Fluoro‐6‐O‐propargyl‐11,12‐carbamate Ketolides. A Novel Class of Antibiotics. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bone mineral density of engineered bone constructs before and after implantation (2007)

Engineered bone tissues are viable options for repair of tissue damaged by disease or extensive trauma. Our laboratory has developed an in vitro engineered bone construct (EBC) using bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). The purpose of this project was to analyze the bone mineral density (BMD), using DEXA, of EBCs before and after 4 wks of implantation and compare the explanted constructs to normal rat bone at different developmental stages. BMSC from rat femur were cultured in medium that induced osteogenic differentiation. After reaching confluence, the tissue monolayer of the cells contracted around two constraint points forming scaffoldless cylindrical EBCs. The EBCs were placed in silicone tubing 10 mm x 1.6 mm and implanted into the hindlimb of a rat. Following 4 wks of implantation, the EBCs were removed from the animal and tested for BMD. The femur was extracted from Fisher 344 rats and BMD determined in: E‐20 fetal pups; day 4, 7, 14 and 21 day neonates. Negligible BMD was observed in the constructs prior to implantation and in E‐20 fetal pups. After 4 wks, an increase in BMD was seen in the engineered constructs (0.086 g/mm 3 ). BMD of our EBCs, while greater than that observed in fetal and day 7 neonatal, is 16% of that found in adult bone (0.507 g/ mm 3 ).Therefore, our EBCs may be viable options for use in bone replacement therapy. Supported by DARPA AFOSR FA9550‐05‐1‐0015.
SNIR estimation and statistics for DS-SS CDMA communications (2004)

Estimation of signal quality is critical in high-capacity spread spectrum systems for several reasons, e.g., power control and multiuser detection. In some techniques, signal amplitude is used as the measure of signal quality, but this is not as good a measure as the signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SNIR). In this work we investigate several SNIR estimators based upon correlator outputs, and show by simulation that they are both accurate in terms of estimating bit error probability, and rapid in that only several tens of bits are required. We also derive the SNIR probability density function for the equal-received-energy case and validate it by computer simulations.