gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biodegradation of Metal−[S,S]-EDDS Complexes (2001)

The [S,S]-stereoisomer of ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS), a biodegradable strong metal chelant, has substituted traditional chelants in a number of consumer products. However biodegradability of metal-EDDS complexes has remained largely undocumented. In the present study, activated sludge fed with EDDS as sole C and N source, was shown to readily biodegrade 1 mM pulses of Ca-, Cr(III)-, Fe(III)-, Pb-, Al-, Cd-, Mg-, Na-, or ZnEDDS (the latter only after extensive lag phase). On the other hand, the Cu-, Ni-, Co-, and Hg-complexes remained essentially undegraded. Only in the case of HgEDDS was lack of biodegradation due to metal toxicity. Speciation analysis revealed free HEDDS3- concentration was higher than 10(-5.4) M for all readily biodegradable metal-EDDS complexes and smaller than 10(-9.0) M for all recalcitrant complexes at pseudo-steady-state (i.e. after initial rise of aquo metal concentration at onset of biodegradation). The rate of metal-EDDS degradation may be modeled with a Monod expression with HEDDS3- as substrate (half-saturation constant ca. 10(-6) M). This model explains the drastic effect of additional metal ligands, e.g. phosphate or iron, on biodegradation rate of several recalcitrant metal-EDDS complexes. Continuously fed aerated biofilters removed 10 mM Pb- or ZnEDDS at a rate of ca. 0.4 mM h-1.
Fundamental Performance Limits of Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Transistors Achieved Using Hybrid Molecular Dielectrics (2012)

In the past decade, semiconducting carbon nanotube thin films have been recognized as contending materials for wide-ranging applications in electronics, energy, and sensing. In particular, improvements in large-area flexible electronics have been achieved through independent advances in post-growth processing to resolve metallic versus semiconducting carbon nanotube heterogeneity, in improved gate dielectrics, and in self-assembly processes. Moreover, controlled tuning of specific device components has afforded fundamental probes of the trade-offs between materials properties and device performance metrics. Nevertheless, carbon nanotube transistor performance suitable for real-world applications awaits understanding-based progress in the integration of independently pioneered device components. We achieve this here by integrating high-purity semiconducting carbon nanotube films with a custom-designed hybrid inorganic-organic gate dielectric. This synergistic combination of materials circumvents conventional design trade-offs, resulting in concurrent advances in several transistor performance metrics such as transconductance (6.5 μS/μm), intrinsic field-effect mobility (147 cm^2/Vs), sub-threshold swing (150 mV/decade), and on/off ratio (5 x 10^5), while also achieving hysteresis-free operation in ambient conditions.
A Study of Gasoline Lift-off Combustion in a Spark Ignition Engine (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The aim of this study is to demonstrate the concept of gasoline lift-off spray combustion in which the burning velocity is controlled by the rate of mixture supply to the flame zone. With this concept, gasoline fuel is injected under high pressure to promote atomization, evaporation and mixing with the air, thereby quickly forming a homogenous mixture extending to the flame downstream of the spray. As a result, the injected fuel is burned sequentially. In this study, a constant-volume combustion vessel was used to visualize and analyze spray combustion. The experimental results made clear the effects of the initial conditions (e.g., injection pressure and nozzle hole diameter) and the ambient conditions (e.g., temperature and pressure) on the flame lift-off length and soot formation. In addition, the conditions facilitating this combustion concept were examined by conducting combustion simulations with the KIVA-3V code, taking into account the detailed chemical reaction mechanisms. Both the experimental and simulation results showed that the nozzle hole diameter and injection pressure are important factors for enhancing mixture formation rate in the spray and avoiding an over-rich mixture in gasoline lift-off combustion. Based on these findings, experiments were then carried out using a single-cylinder experimental engine. The results obtained under a limited condition of a single-hole nozzle spray confirmed that the combustion period can be controlled by means of the injection duration. It was also confirmed that sootless spray combustion was accomplished with little emission of unburned hydrocarbons.&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Synthesis of “Tafuramycin A”: A Potent Anticancer and Parasite Attenuating Agent. (2014)

Abstract The improved synthesis of tafuramycin A (I) includes a regioselective bromination step, a controlled aryl radical alkene cyclization to prevent dechlorination, and a new protection/deprotection method to avoid double bond reduction of the furan ring during deprotection of the benzyl group.
First high-dimensional examination of intestinal biopsies in patients with COVID-19 (2021)

Background: SARS-CoV-2, the etiopathological agent for COVID-19, engages host ACE2 receptor for cellular entry. The brush border of the small intestines express high levels of ACE2 in physiological conditions. Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations are common among COVID-19 patients. However, to date, there is limited information regarding intestinal response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Intestinal biopsies were obtained from 17 COVID-19 patients (17.3-17.5 days from the last positive nasal swab) for cellular and transcriptomic analyses using mass cytometry and RNA-sequencing. Ten COVID-uninfected individuals served as controls. The epithelial compartment (EC) and lamina propria (LP) were analyzed separately. Results: The cellular profiles of intestinal tissues from COVID-19 patients showed reduced frequencies of CD206+ CDC2s and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the LP of COVID-19 patients by mass cytometry. Effector T cell (PD1+CD38+) frequency was increased in the LP and blood of COVID-19 patients. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were increased in the EC of COVID-19 patients, with a concomitant decrease in CD206+ CDC2s. RNA sequencing revealed an active downregulation of genes involved in inflammatory pathways including Th17 and IBD-associated pathways, while an upregulation of intestinal barrier function (mucin biosynthesis), amino acid metabolism and mineral absorption pathways was noted. Gene expression of Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), a putative SARSCoV-2 receptor as well as key inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IFNγ, CCL24 and CXCL8) were significantly reduced in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. A low intensity antiviral host response signature was observed predominantly in EC reflecting the cellular localization of the virus. Conclusion: Epithelial, myeloid and lymphoid cell alterations characterize intestinal response to SARS-CoV-2 infection with an unanticipated downregulation of key inflammatory pathways that have been implicated in adverse outcomes associated with COVID-19. These data stand in contrast to reports from the pulmonary and systemic compartments and identify a potential mitigating role of the GI tract in COVID-19-associated immunopathology.
Amplified Hormonal Counterregulatory Responses to Hypoglycemia in Rats After Systemic Delivery of a SUR-1–Selective K+ Channel Opener? (2008)

These studies demonstrate in a variety of rodent models that systemic delivery of Kir6.2/SUR-1-selective KCOs enhance the glucose counterregulatory response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Future studies in human subjects are now required to determine their potential as a therapy for hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in type 1 diabetes.
Visual tracking for Augmented Reality (2010)

Localization of mobile devices is an essential task in Augmented Reality and has therefore been an active research topic for many years. Typically, indoor tracking approaches, such as methods based on infrared or ultra-wide-band, require preparations of the environment and special hardware sensors. Conversely, image feature tracking approaches can provide orientation estimates without special tracking hardware installations. With the advent of mobile devices equipped with sensors such as digital cameras, image based localization gains importance in Augmented Reality. Typically, fiducial marker tracking was considered as a standard image based localization method. We propose the use of natural image feature based tracking methods, which are a generalization of the same principals but do not require the presence of fiducial tracking targets.
Proteomic Analysis of Eccrine Sweat: Implications for the Discovery of Schizophrenia Biomarker Proteins (2012)

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) proteomics analyses were performed on eccrine sweat of healthy controls, and the results were compared with those from individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ). This is the first large scale study of the sweat proteome. First, we performed LC-MS/MS on pooled SZ samples and pooled control samples for global proteomics analysis. Results revealed a high abundance of diverse proteins and peptides in eccrine sweat. Most of the proteins identified from sweat samples were found to be different than the most abundant proteins from serum, which indicates that eccrine sweat is not simply a plasma transudate and may thereby be a source of unique disease-associated biomolecules. A second independent set of patient and control sweat samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and spectral counting to determine qualitative protein differential abundances between the control and disease groups. Differential abundances of selected proteins, initially determined by spectral counting, were verified by MRM-MS analyses. Seventeen proteins showed a differential abundance of approximately 2-fold or greater between the SZ pooled sample and the control pooled sample. This study demonstrates the utility of LC-MS/MS and MRM-MS as a viable strategy for the discovery and verification of potential sweat protein disease biomarkers.
A rationally engineered DNase1-Fc fusion protein ameliorates autoimmune glomerulonephritis (2019)

Abstract Loss of B cell tolerance and generation of autoreactive anti-nuclear antibodies are hallmarks of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. The mechanism of anti-nuclear immunoglobulin accumulation and clearance in lupus nephritis pathogenesis remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that innate immune activation in the NZB/W F1 mouse model and human lupus nephritis biopsies rapidly reduces expression of DNase1 (also called DNase I) in renal cortex proximal tubular cells. Unexpectedly, kidney DNase1 levels were no longer affected by TLR ligand agonism upon depletion of macrophages, indicating that local macrophage activation is required for the downmodulation of DNase1 in kidney epithelial cells. To overcome the loss of endogenous DNase1, we rationally designed a hyperactive actin-resistant variant of DNase1 with improved catalytic activity and acceptable in vivo pharmacokinetics. The engineered DNase1-Fc fusion protein ameliorates nephritis in a murine model of lupus and reduces immune complex deposition/complement fixation. Our data suggest that the loss of renal DNase1 through TLR signaling or other innate immune activation impairs clearance of autoreactive anti-nuclear immune complex deposits in the kidney to promote nephritis progression. While autoantibodies and autoreactive B cell activation are central to lupus pathogenesis, we hypothesize that renal cortical epithelial cells expressing high levels of DNase1 serve as gatekeepers to prevent detrimental nuclear immune complex deposition. Our findings provide a therapeutic rationale for using an engineered hyperactive actin-resistant DNase1-Fc for lupus nephritis.
An adaptive video stabilization method for reducing visually induced motion sickness (2005)

Visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) is sometimes brought by watching video sequences acquired by handheld video cameras. We present a video stabilization method for the purpose of reducing VIMS. In our method, the scenes including oscillatory motion which can cause VIMS are selected to be stabilized. In the subjective evaluation results, the severity of VIMS is reduced.
Composition dependency of crystal structure, electrical and piezoelectric properties for hydrothermally-synthesized 3 µm-thickness (K<i><sub>x</sub></i>Na<sub>1−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>)NbO<sub>3</sub> films (2013)

Epitaxial (KxNa1−x)NbO3 films with 3 µm in thickness were deposited at 240°C on (100)cSrRuO3//(100)SrTiO3 substrates by hydrothermal method. XRD patterns and Raman spectra were systematically changed with increasing x values. XRD patterns and Raman spectra was not dramatically changed by the annealing treatment at 600°C for 10 min under O2 atmosphere. On the other hand, the electrical and piezoelectric properties were improved by this annealing treatment; leakage current density was diminished and longitudinal piezoelectric response was increased to 69 pm/V at x = 0.51.
Diffusion-Weighted Spectroscopy of Water and Cerebral Metabolites at Very Large b Values: What Multiple Components Tell Us (2002)

MR Spectroscopy at large diffusion weighting can specifically look at intracellular components of tissue that are characterized by restricted diffusion and a small apparent diffusion coefficient. Beyond water, 1H MRS of metabolites at large diffusion weighting proved to be very useful to separate extra- and intracellular contributions of metabolites in the brain. Further application of diffusion-weighted MRS with other nuclei than 1H, e.g., 31P, 19F, 7Li, 13C, can be utilized to answer specific questions tied to various animal models of disease like ischemia, excitotoxicity, tumor or hydrocephalus (1). Such diffusion-weighted spectroscopy is a powerful tool, using information tied to different compartments, different metabolites, and different tracers.
Atomic model for theEL2 defect in GaAs (1987)

From an analysis of the electronic properties of the EL2 defect in its stable and metastable configurations, and of the optically or electrically stimulated transformation between these, we deduce atomic models for the two configurations. Our model of the stable configuration consists of a divacancy on one side of an As--on--Ga-site antisite defect. For the metastable configuration we propose that the antisite separates the two vacancies. We show that this model fits the electrical and optical observations in detail. We note that the model is also in accord with thermodynamic determinations and existent positron-annihilation data. We propose a test for the model by an additional positron experiment.
Expanding Nanopatterned Substrates Using Stitch Technique for Nanotopographical Modulation of Cell Behavior (2016)

Substrate nanotopography has been shown to be a potent modulator of cell phenotype and function. To dissect nanotopography modulation of cell behavior, a large area of nanopatterned substrate is desirable so that enough cells can be cultured on the nanotopography for subsequent biochemical and molecular biology analyses. However, current nanofabrication techniques have limitations to generate highly defined nanopatterns over a large area. Herein, we present a method to expand nanopatterned substrates from a small, highly defined nanopattern to a large area using stitch technique. The method combines multiple techniques, involving soft lithography to replicate poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) molds from a well-defined mold, stitch technique to assemble multiple PDMS molds to a single large mold, and nanoimprinting to generate a master mold on polystyrene (PS) substrates. With the PS master mold, we produce PDMS working substrates and demonstrate nanotopographical modulation of cell spreading. This method provides a simple, affordable yet versatile avenue to generate well-defined nanopatterns over large areas, and is potentially extended to create micro-/nanoscale devices with hybrid components.
Deposited low temperature silicon GHz modulator (2013)

We demonstrate gigahertz electro-optic modulator fabricated on low temperature polysilicon using excimer laser annealing technique compatible with CMOS backend integration. Carrier injection modulation at 3 Gbps is achieved. These results open up an array of possibilities for silicon photonics including photonics on DRAM and on flexible substrates.
GPU programming for biomedical imaging (2015)

Scientific computing is rapidly advancing due to the introduction of powerful new computing hardware, such as graphics processing units (GPUs). Affordable thanks to mass production, GPU processors enable the transition to efficient parallel computing by bringing the performance of a supercomputer to a workstation. We elaborate on some of the capabilities and benefits that GPU technology offers to the field of biomedical imaging. As practical examples, we consider a GPU algorithm for the estimation of position of interaction from photomultiplier (PMT) tube data, as well as a GPU implementation of the MLEM algorithm for iterative image reconstruction.
Measurement of Arthritic and Bone Serum Metabolites in Arthritic, Non-Arthritic, and Geriatric Cats Fed Wellness Foods (2006)

The objectives of these studies were to evaluate arthritic markers and to determine the effects of feeding wellness-type foods on cartilage protection in geriatric animals. Study 1 utilized 26 dogs to determine biochemical differences between arthritic and non-arthritic dogs. Study 2 utilized 40 geri
NIR‐Sensitized Cationic and Hybrid Radical/Cationic Polymerization and Crosslinking (2020)

NIR-sensitized cationic polymerization proceeded with good efficiency, as was demonstrated with epoxides, vinyl ether, and oxetane. A heptacyanine functioned as sensitizer while iodonium salt served as coinitiator. The anion adopts a special function in a series selected from fluorinated phosphates (a: [PF<sub>6</sub> ]<sup>-</sup> , b: [PF<sub>3</sub> (C<sub>2</sub> F<sub>5</sub> )<sub>3</sub> ]<sup>-</sup> , c: [PF<sub>3</sub> (n-C<sub>4</sub> F<sub>9</sub> )<sub>3</sub> ]<sup>-</sup> ), aluminates (d: [Al(O-t-C<sub>4</sub> F<sub>9</sub> )<sub>4</sub> ]<sup>-</sup> , e: [Al(O(C<sub>3</sub> F<sub>6</sub> )CH<sub>3</sub> )<sub>4</sub> ]<sup>-</sup> ), and methide [C(O-SO<sub>2</sub> CF<sub>3</sub> )<sub>3</sub> ]<sup>-</sup> (f). Vinyl ether showed the best cationic polymerization efficiency followed by oxetanes and oxiranes. DFT calculations provided a rough pattern regarding the electrostatic potential of each anion where d showed a better reactivity than e and b. Formation of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) using trimethylpropane triacrylate and epoxides proceeded in the case of NIR-sensitized polymerization where anion d served as counter ion in the initiator system. No IPN was formed by UV-LED initiation using the same monomers but thioxanthone/iodonium salt as photoinitiator. Exposure was carried out with new NIR-LED devices emitting at either 805 or 870 nm.
Time dependent quantum simulations of two-qubit gates based on donor states in silicon (2006)

Many quantum gate proposals make physical assumptions to ease analysis. Here we explicitly consider the effect of these assumptions for a particular two-qubit gate proposal, a cube-root-of-unity gate, in which the two qubits are donors in a semiconductor coupled via an intermediate 'control' spin. Our approach considers directly the electronic structures of the qubit and control impurity systems. We find that such gates are highly sensitive to environmental factors overlooked in analytically soluble models, but that there are regimes in which simplifying assumptions are valid and lead to high fidelity gates.
Generic UDP Encapsulation (GUE) for Network Virtualization Overlay (2016)

This document describes network virtualization overlay encapsulation
scheme by use of Generic UDP Encapsulation (GUE) [GUE]. It allocates
one GUE optional flag and defines a 32 bit field for Virtual Network
Identifier (VNID).
A TECHNIQUE FOR MEASUREMENT OF DELAY AT INTERSECTIONS. VOLUME 3. USER'S MANUAL (1976)

The manual contains complete instructions for the application of two methods which lead to estimates of vehicle delay and stops on approaches to signalized intersections. It is recommended that the two methods be applied simultaneously in the field, with a minimum of one observer used for each method.
A multi-channel micro valve for micro pneumatic artificial muscle (2003)

A miniaturized Mckibben artificial muscle pneumatic actuator of 1 mm in diameter and a micromachined high-power multi-channel micro valve have been developed. The pneumatic actuator can make a contraction of 21% of its length and generate contraction force of 3.8 N when it is pressurized at 0.6 MPa. The micro valve of 19 mm x 25 mm x 2 mm has six channels. Its maximum allowable pressure and flow rate are 0.6 MPa and 830 cc/min, respectively. The actuators and the valve are integrated and applied to a skeletal hand.
Direct conversion of nuclear radiation energy (1970)

This book presents a comprehensive study of methods for converting nuclear radiationi directly without resorting to a heat cycle. The concepts discussed primarily involve direct collection of charged particles released by radioisotopes and by nuclear and thermonuclear reactors. Areas considered include basic energy conversion, charged-particle transport theory, secondary-electron emission, and leakage currents and associated problems. Applications to both nuclear instrumentaion and power sources are discussed. Problems are also included as an aid to the reader or for classroom use.
Development of Advanced Surface Enhancement Technology for Decreasing Wear and Corrosion of Equipment Used for Mineral Processing (2004)

Equipment wear is a major concern in the mineral processing industry, which dramatically increases the maintenance cost and adversely affects plant operation efficiency. In this research, wear problems of mineral processing equipment including screens, sieve bends, heavy media vessel, dewatering centrifuge, etc., were identified. A novel surface treatment technology, high density infrared (HDI) surface coating process was proposed for the surface enhancement of selected mineral processing equipment. Microstructural and mechanical properties of the coated samples were characterized. Laboratory-simulated wear tests were conducted to evaluate the tribological performance of the coated components. Test results indicate that the wear resistance of AISI 4140 and ASTM A36 steels can be increased 3 and 5 folds, respectively by the application of HDI coatings.