gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-X-14547A (indanomycin) (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn efficient enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-X-14547A (indanomycin)Robert K. Boeckman Jr., Eric J. Enholm, Donald M. Demko, and Andre B. CharetteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 24, 4743–4745Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00374a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00374a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views476Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Analysis and Design of Industrial Microwave Ovens Using the Finite Difference Time Domain Method (1996)

The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method is applied to industrial microwave ovens used in the food industry. Theoretical and practical aspects of FDTD analysis for this purpose are dealt with. Two different open-ended applicator types are described and analyzed numerical ly and experimentally and their relative performance is discussed. One of these applicators is a novel design based on low impedance TM modes which reduces edge-overheating and load reflections. It is shown that the common belief that the heating pattern from open-ended microwave applicators can be predicted from their radiation fields alone is often in error, and that resonances in the whole system of applicators and food loads are of major importance.
Self-Assembled Multilayer Graphene Oxide Membrane and Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized Using a Rare Form of Natural Graphite (2013)

The fabrication of flexible multilayer graphene oxide (GO) membrane and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using a rare form of high-purity natural graphite, vein graphite, is reported for the first time. Graphite oxide is synthesized using vein graphite following Hummer’s method. By facilitating functionalized graphene sheets in graphite oxide to self-assemble, a multilayer GO membrane is fabricated. Electric arc discharge is used to synthesis CNTs from vein graphite. Both multilayer GO membrane and CNTs are investigated using microscopy and spectroscopy experiments, i.e., scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), core level photoelectron spectroscopy, and C K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS), to characterize their structural and topographical properties. Characterization of vein graphite using different techniques reveals that it has a large number of crystallites, hence the large number of graphene sheets per crystallite, preferentially oriented along the (002) plane. NEXAFS and core level spectra confirm that vein graphite is highly crystalline and pure. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and C 1s core level spectra show that oxygen functionalities (−C–OH, −C═O,–C–O–C−) are introduced into the basal plane of graphite following chemical oxidation. Carbon nanotubes are produced from vein graphite through arc discharge without the use of any catalyst. HRTEM confirm that multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNTs) are produced with the presence of some structure in the central pipe. A small percentage of single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) are also produced simultaneously with MWNTs. Spectroscopic and microscopic data are further discussed here with a view to using vein graphite as the source material for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials.
A 45 nm SOI Embedded DRAM Macro for the POWER™ Processor 32 MByte On-Chip L3 Cache (2010)

A 1.35 ns random access and 1.7 ns-random-cycle SOI embedded-DRAM macro has been developed for the POWER7™ high-performance microprocessor. The macro employs a 6 transistor micro sense-amplifier architecture with extended precharge scheme to enhance the sensing margin for product quality. The detailed study shows a 67% bit-line power reduction with only 1.7% area overhead, while improving a read zero margin by more than 500ps. The array voltage window is improved by the programmable BL voltage generator, allowing the embedded DRAM to operate reliably without constraining of the microprocessor voltage supply windows. The 2.5nm gate oxide transistor cell with deep-trench capacitor is accessed by the 1.7 V wordline high voltage (VPP) with V WL low voltage (VWL), and both are generated internally within the microprocessor. This results in a 32 MB on-chip L3 on-chip-cache for 8 cores in a 567 mm POWER7™ die.
Defining the core essential genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2019)

Genomics offered the promise of transforming antibiotic discovery by revealing many new essential genes as good targets, but the results fell short of the promise. While numerous factors contributed to the disappointing yield, one factor was that essential genes for a bacterial species were often defined based on a single or limited number of strains grown under a single or limited number of in vitro laboratory conditions. In fact, the essentiality of a gene can depend on both the genetic background and growth condition. We thus developed a strategy for more rigorously defining the core essential genome of a bacterial species by studying many pathogen strains and growth conditions. We assessed how many strains must be examined to converge on a set of core essential genes for a species. We used transposon insertion sequencing (Tn-Seq) to define essential genes in nine strains of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> on five different media and developed a statistical model, <i>FiTnEss</i>, to classify genes as essential versus nonessential across all strain-medium combinations. We defined a set of 321 core essential genes, representing 6.6% of the genome. We determined that analysis of four strains was typically sufficient in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> to converge on a set of core essential genes likely to be essential across the species across a wide range of conditions relevant to in vivo infection, and thus to represent attractive targets for novel drug discovery.
Potent, Orally Bioavailable Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Migraine:  Discovery of N -[(3 R ,6 S )-6-(2,3-Difluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)azepan-3-yl]-4- (2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H -imidazo[4,5- b ]pyridin- 1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide (MK-0974) (2007)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of migraine. Herein we describe optimization of CGRP receptor antagonists based on an earlier lead structure containing a (3R)-amino-(6S)-phenylcaprolactam core. Replacement of the phenylimidazolinone with an azabenzimidazolone gave stable derivatives with lowered serum shifts. Extensive SAR studies of the C-6 aryl moiety revealed the potency-enhancing effect of the 2,3-difluorophenyl group, and trifluoroethylation of the N-1 amide position resulted in improved oral bioavailabilities, ultimately leading to clinical candidate 38 (MK-0974).
<title>Combined optics for concentration and light trapping in photovoltaics</title> (1992)

Light trapping by means of external cavities theoretically offers the same potential to improve the efficiency of solar converters as does concentration. The ideal efficiency of 86% could be reached by any combination of concentration and light trapping, provided all the etendue of the cell is coupled either to itself (giving light trapping) or to the sun (giving concentration). But with real solar cells, there are optimum conditions of concentration and light trapping which maximize the efficiency. The possibility of achieving these conditions is compared between two optical systems: (1) axisymmetric Fresnel lens with plane upper surface, and ellipsoidal cavity, (2) similar Fresnel lens plus secondary lens using total internal reflections to trap light. With regard to a deep-emitter cell, of moderate technology, either system can attain near optimum conditions, giving an efficiency about 4% points above 1-sun efficiency. With a more speculative cell model assuming back mirroring and cell thinning to reduce series resistance, the maximum efficiency (predicted 8% points above 1-sun efficiency) cannot be obtained due to limitations of the optical system, and about 5% points above 1-sun efficiency appears feasible.
Udvikling af modelleringskompetence i læreruddannelsen (2020)

Læreruddannelserne har et stort ansvar i forhold til at uddanne nye naturfagslærere samtidig med at de bedriver kompetenceudvikling for lærerne ude i praksis. Men hvordan udvikles læreruddannernes egne kompetencer i relation til nye, eksterne behov? I denne artikel beskrives et internt kompetenceudviklingsprojekt om modellering i naturfagsgruppen i VIA UC som er fremmet af rammebetingelser og samspil mellem forsknings- og udviklingsarbejde og faggruppeudvikling. Artiklen ekspliciterer centrale indsigter, bl.a. om modeller, om lærerstuderendes forståelse af modeller, om tilgange til arbejde med modeller og modellering, på en måde så andre som ønsker lokal efteruddannelse på området, kan hente inspiration og konkrete inputs.
VL-ECC: Variable Data-Length Error Correction Code for Embedded Memory in DSP Applications (2014)

Increasing process variations coupled with aggressive scaling of cell area and operating voltage in the quest of higher density and lower power have greatly affected the reliability of on-chip memory. Error correction code (ECC) has been traditionally used inside memory to provide uniform protection to all bits in a code word. They suffer from either adequate protection against multibit failures or large overhead due to encoding/decoding logic and parity bits. To address this issue, we present a variable data-length ECC (VL-ECC) for the embedded memory devices of digital signal processors, in which the data length of ECC can be dynamically reconfigured to preferentially protect the relatively more important bits. In the proposed VL-ECC, when the number of failures exceeds the error correction capability, the data length of ECC is reduced to focus on the relatively more important higher order data bit parts, thereby minimizing system quality degradation due to bit failures. When the proposed VL-ECC is applied to the embedded memory devices of an H.264 processor, average peak signal-to-noise-ratio improvements of up to 5.12 dB are achieved compared with the conventional ECC under supply voltage of 800 mV or lower. With the fast Fourier transform processor, signal-to-quantization noise ratio is improved by up to 5.2 dB.
Hypotriglyceridemic Effect of Globin Digest on Subjects with Borderline Hyperlipidemia. (1999)

グロビンタンパク分解物 (GD) は食事性高TG血症を抑制することが知られている。今回清涼飲料水に添加されたGDの有効摂取量を検討した。正常人に, 脂肪過多な食事に相当する脂肪40gとGDを摂取させて検討した。GD 0.5gを投与した場合, AUC (0-6時間) 値は対照群に比して有意差を認めなかったが, GD1gを投与するとAUC値が有意に減少した。したがって, GDの有効量は1gであると考えられた。空腹時血清TGが1.10-1.50g/Lである被験者 (境界域高TG血症者) に対して脂肪40g負荷と同時にGD1g投与を行うと, 血清TG, カイロミクロン (CM)-TGの上昇が抑制され, AUC値も有意に低下した。GDの血清TG上昇抑制効果は正常人よりも境界域高TG血症者で強く発現したことから, 境界域高TG血症者において治療を要する循環器系疾患発症のリスクを軽減するのに有用であることが推測される。GDの作用は消化管からの脂肪吸収を抑制するとともにTG, CM-TGの異化速度を促進させるものと考えられた。さらにVLDL値にも上昇が抑制され, 脂肪の吸収抑制とともにCMレムナントの低下が示唆された。
Squaryl group-modified UDP analogs as inhibitors of the endoplasmic reticulum-resident folding sensor enzyme UGGT (2023)

UDP-Glc:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) has a central role to retain quality control of correctly folded <i>N</i>-glycoprotein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A selective and potent inhibitor against UGGT could lead to elucidation of UGGT-related events, but such a molecule has not been identified so far. Examples of small molecules with UGGT inhibitory activity are scarce. Here, we report squaryl group-modified UDP analogs as a promising UGGT inhibitor. Among these, the compound possessing a 2'-amino group of the uridine moiety and hydroxyethyl-substituted squaramide exhibited the highest potency, suggesting its relevance as a molecule for further optimization.
Figure S5 from Targeting the MAPK Signaling Pathway in Cancer: Promising Preclinical Activity with the Novel Selective ERK1/2 Inhibitor BVD-523 (Ulixertinib) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Combination interactions between BVD-523 and vemurafenib or dabrafenib were assessed in cell line (A) G361 and (B) A375 (n=3 for each). Growth inhibition and Loewe Excess is shown for 8 x 10 dose matrices. (C) BVD-523 in combination with dabrafenib markedly delays the onset of acquired resistance in A375 BRAFV600E melanoma cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Application of three-dimensional electron tomography using bright-field imaging—Two types of Si-phases in Al–Si alloy (2006)

When a dilute amount of Si is added to Al, it results in the precipitation of Si-phases, either planar- and/or rod-type, depending on the ageing conditions. Observation of these phases had been carried out by TEM two dimensionally so far; nevertheless information of the thickness as well as the distribution had been neglected in the past. In this paper, a combination of electron diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and three-dimensional electron tomography was applied to characterize the morphologies and the orientation relationship of the Si-phases in an Al–Si alloy.
Dry-Processed, Binder-Free Holey Graphene Electrodes for Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Areal Loadings (2016)

For commercial applications, the need for smaller footprint energy storage devices requires more energy to be stored per unit area. Carbon nanomaterials, especially graphene, have been studied as supercapacitor electrodes and can achieve high gravimetric capacities affording high gravimetric energy densities. However, most nanocarbon-based electrodes exhibit a significant decrease in their areal capacitances when scaled to the high mass loadings typically used in commercially available cells (∼10 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>). One of the reasons for this behavior is that the additional surface area in thick electrodes is not readily accessible by electrolyte ions due to the large tortuosity. Furthermore, the fabrication of such electrodes often involves complicated processes that limit the potential for mass production. Here, holey graphene electrodes for supercapacitors that are scalable in both production and areal capacitance are presented. The lateral surface porosity on the graphene sheets was created using a facile single-step air oxidation method, and the resultant holey graphene was compacted under ambient conditions into mechanically robust monolithic shapes that can be directly used as binder-free electrodes. In comparison, pristine graphene discs under similar binder-free compression molding conditions were extremely brittle and thus not deemed useful for electrode applications. The coin cell supercapacitors, based on these holey graphene electrodes exhibited small variations in gravimetric capacitance over a wide range of areal mass loadings (∼1-30 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>) at current densities as high as 30 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, resulting in the near-linear increase of the areal capacitance (F/cm<sup>2</sup>) with the mass loading. The prospects of the presented method for facile binder-free ultrathick graphene electrode fabrication are discussed.
<title>Moving objects self-generated illumination variations removal for automatic video-surveillance systems</title> (2003)

This paper proposes novel technique for elimination of moving objects self-generated illumination variations with respect to a fixed reference frame (background). In particular, proposed techniques can be used by a video-based surveillance system able to automatically detect potentially dangerous or particular situations happening within a guarded area. Proposed techniques are based on chromatic properties of cast shadows and illumination and achieved results demonstrate that the proposed approach can greatly improve performances of a video-surveillance system in term of the precision of detected objects. Presented processing techniques are necessary in the case of a real system that must be able to work with good performances twenty-four hours a day.
Validation of a Turbulent Flame Propagation Model for a Spark Ignition Engine (1977)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An analytical and experimental investigation of the combustion process in a spark ignition engine has been performed. The analysis is based on a flame propagation model developed by Blizard and Keck (&lt;span class="xref"&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;) which assumes that turbulent eddies are engulfed at an entrainment speed u&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt; and burn in a characteristic time τ, equal to the eddy radius ℓ&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;, divided by the laminar flame speed u&lt;sub&gt;ℓ&lt;/sub&gt;. Measurements were made of burning intervals and ignition delays on a C.F.R. engine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The model could be adjusted to give correct trends in burning intervals for variations in equivalence ratio, EGR, compression ratio, spark timing, and level of turbulence. However, the amount of variation was less than that observed in experiment. Predicted burning intervals increased with RPM contrary to experimental data. Predicted ignition delays were a factor of four less than experimentally observed.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The difficulties with the model are thought to be due to assumptions of constant τ and u&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;. It is recommended that future work on the ‘eddy-entrainment’ type of model be directed at removing this restriction and at understanding the behavior of τ and u&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt; during the engine cycle in terms of measureable turbulence scales, and ultimately in terms of engine operating variables such as RPM, spark timing and equivalence ratio.&lt;/div&gt;
Decision-directed channel estimation method for OFDM systems with high velocities (2004)

The preamble-based channel estimation schemes typically applied in both the HIPERLAN/2 and IEEE 802.11a systems cannot fulfill the requirements in scenarios with high velocities. Therefore, this paper deals with the decision-directed estimation (DDE) method for a blind channel estimation procedure. With the help of the output decision symbols from the demodulator at the receiver side, the statistical characteristics of the transmitted data via the noisy fading channel are applied for tracking the fast changing channel transfer function. As a result, DDE can improve the performance of OFDM systems in high velocity applications with a very low computation complexity.
Anti‐ BDCA 2 monoclonal antibody inhibits plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation through Fc‐dependent and Fc‐independent mechanisms (2015)

Type I interferons (IFN-I) are implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In SLE, immune complexes bind to the CD32a (FcγRIIa) receptor on the surface of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and stimulate the secretion of IFN-I from pDCs. BDCA2 is a pDC-specific receptor that, when engaged, inhibits the production of IFN-I in human pDCs. BDCA2 engagement, therefore, represents an attractive therapeutic target for inhibiting pDC-derived IFN-I and may be an effective therapy for the treatment of SLE. In this study, we show that 24F4A, a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) against BDCA2, engages BDCA2 and leads to its internalization and the consequent inhibition of TLR-induced IFN-I by pDCs in vitro using blood from both healthy and SLE donors. These effects were confirmed in vivo using a single injection of 24F4A in cynomolgus monkeys. 24F4A also inhibited pDC activation by SLE-associated immune complexes (IC). In addition to the inhibitory effect of 24F4A through engagement of BDCA2, the Fc region of 24F4A was critical for potent inhibition of IC-induced IFN-I production through internalization of CD32a. This study highlights the novel therapeutic potential of an effector-competent anti-BDCA2 mAb that demonstrates a dual mechanism to dampen pDC responses for enhanced clinical efficacy in SLE.
Silicon Photonic Micro-Ring Modulator-based 4 x 112 Gb/s O-band WDM Transmitter with Ring Photocurrent-based Thermal Control in 28nm CMOS (2021)

We present a 4λ×112 Gb/s/λ hybrid-integrated silicon photonic TX suitable for 400G Ethernet modules and co-packaged optics. The photonic IC (PIC) uses cascaded micro-ring modulators (MRMs) with integrated heaters for efficient wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The 28nm CMOS electronic IC includes PAM4 MRM drivers with nonlinear FFE and control circuits to stabilize MRM performance against process and temperature variations. A thermal control scheme based on sensing MRM photocurrents is used to minimize monitoring hardware in the PIC. Measured results demonstrate 112 Gb/s PAM4 operation with <0.7 dB TDECQ from each of the 4 channels. To our best knowledge, this is the highest per-λ data rate reported for an O-band ring-based WDM transmitter.
Sequences of 95 humanMHChaplotypes reveal extreme coding variation in genes other than highly polymorphicHLA class IandII (2017)

The most polymorphic part of the human genome, the <i>MHC,</i> encodes over 160 proteins of diverse function. Half of them, including the <i>HLA class I</i> and <i>II</i> genes, are directly involved in immune responses. Consequently, the <i>MHC</i> region strongly associates with numerous diseases and clinical therapies. Notoriously, the <i>MHC</i> region has been intractable to high-throughput analysis at complete sequence resolution, and current reference haplotypes are inadequate for large-scale studies. To address these challenges, we developed a method that specifically captures and sequences the 4.8-Mbp <i>MHC</i> region from genomic DNA. For 95 <i>MHC</i> homozygous cell lines we assembled, de novo, a set of high-fidelity contigs and a sequence scaffold, representing a mean 98% of the target region. Included are six alternative <i>MHC</i> reference sequences of the human genome that we completed and refined. Characterization of the sequence and structural diversity of the <i>MHC</i> region shows the approach accurately determines the sequences of the highly polymorphic <i>HLA class I</i> and <i>HLA class II</i> genes and the complex structural diversity of complement factor <i>C4A/C4B</i> It has also uncovered extensive and unexpected diversity in other <i>MHC</i> genes; an example is <i>MUC22</i>, which encodes a lung mucin and exhibits more coding sequence alleles than any <i>HLA class I</i> or <i>II</i> gene studied here. More than 60% of the coding sequence alleles analyzed were previously uncharacterized. We have created a substantial database of robust reference <i>MHC</i> haplotype sequences that will enable future population scale studies of this complicated and clinically important region of the human genome.