gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of AXS‐05, a novel, oral, NMDA‐receptor antagonist with multimodal activity, in agitation associated with Alzheimer’s disease: Results from ADVANCE‐1, a phase 2/3, double‐blind, active and placebo‐controlled trial (2020)

Abstract Background AXS‐05 (dextromethorphan/bupropion modulated delivery tablet) is a novel, oral, non‐competitive NMDA receptor antagonist with activity on other neurotransmitter systems (sigma‐1, serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine) which have been implicated in the cognitive and behavioral abnormalities of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Up to 70% of patients with AD experience agitation. AD agitation is associated with accelerated cognitive decline, early institutionalization, increased mortality, and increased caregiver burden. There are no approved pharmacological treatments for AD agitation. Method The ADVANCE‐1 trial was a Phase 2/3, randomized, double‐blind, controlled, 5‐week study of AXS‐05 in AD agitation. Patients were randomized to treatment with AXS‐05, placebo, or bupropion. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in the Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI). The modified Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study‐Clinical Global Impression of Change for Agitation (mADCS‐CGIC) was a key secondary endpoint. Result 366 AD patients with clinically significant agitation were randomized to AXS‐05 (n = 159), bupropion (n = 49), and placebo (n = 158). On the primary endpoint, AXS‐05 significantly relieved agitation, demonstrating a change from baseline in the CMAI total score of 15.4 compared to 11.5 for placebo (p = 0.010) and 10.0 for bupropion (p&lt;0.001). These results represent a mean percentage reduction from baseline of 48% for AXS‐05 versus 38% for placebo. AXS‐05 was numerically superior to placebo starting at Week 2, achieving statistical significance at Week 3 (p = 0.007) only one week after full dosing with AXS‐05. AXS‐05 demonstrated clinical response (≥30% improvement on the CMAI) in 73% of patients compared to 57% for placebo (p = 0.005). AXS‐05 demonstrated statistically significant improvements in agitation as compared to placebo on the mADCS‐CGIC (p = 0.036). The most commonly reported AEs with AXS‐05 were somnolence (8.2% AXS‐05, 4.1% bupropion, 3.2% placebo), dizziness (6.3%, 10.2%, 3.2%, respectively), and diarrhea (4.4%, 6.1%, 4.4%, respectively). There was no evidence of cognitive decline or sedation with AXS‐05. Conclusion In the ADVANCE‐1 Phase 2/3 trial, AXS‐05 rapidly, substantially, and significantly improved agitation in patients with AD as compared to placebo. AXS‐05 was well tolerated and not associated with cognitive decline or sedation.
What connects ignition and deflagration? -- On explosive transition of deflagration (2022)

The general relation between ignition and deflagration analyses was studied theoretically and computationally. Simple analysis showed that the temporal evolutions of normalized fuel mass fraction and the normalized temperature in a 0D homogeneous ignition are equivalent to the spatial evolutions of those in a 1D laminar premixed flame at Lewis number of unity if a spatio-temporal transformation of the flame is applied. Furthermore, computations showed that the degree of reduction in normalized fuel mass fraction in the preheat zone was found to be in the following order: when the Lewis number is less than unity, when the Lewis number is unity (= ignition), and when the Lewis number is greater than unity. This suggested that ignition in the preheat zone near the explosive transition can only occur for 1D laminar premixed flames with Lewis number greater than unity. In summary, the characteristic times of ignition and flame propagation can be of the same order of magnitude in premixed gases compressed by piston in engines or shock waves, and thus the Lewis number determines the existence of premixed flame structure under such conditions.
Electrochemical devices utilizing molten alkali metal electrode-reactant (2023)

Electrochemical cells are provided with a reactive metal to reduce the oxide of the alkali metal electrode-reactant. Cells employing a molten alkali metal electrode, e.g., sodium, in contact with a ceramic electrolyte, which is a conductor of the ions of the alkali metal forming the electrode, exhibit a lower resistance when a reactive metal, e.g., vanadium, is allowed to react with and reduce the alkali metal oxide. Such cells exhibit less degradation of the electrolyte and of the glass seals often used to joining the electrolyte to the other components of the cell under cycling conditions.
Multicomponent Physical Vapor Deposited Films with Homogeneous Molecular Material Distribution Featuring Improved Resist Sensitivity (2012)

Abstract Each film preparation technique affects the physical properties of the resulting coating and thus defines its applicability in modern device construction. In this context solvent based spin coated and solvent‐free physical vapor deposited molecular glass photoresist films are systematically investigated for their dissolution behavior, sensitivity, and overall lithographic performance. These investigations demonstrate that the solvent‐free physical vapor deposition leads to a marked increase in sensitivity. This could be explained by the individual molecule by molecule deposition step producing a more homogeneous distribution of the multicomponent resist system, especially the photoacid generator. In addition, this assumption is supported by former published simulations focusing on aggregate formation within thin films. This work demonstrates that the lithographic sensitivity of multicomponent resist system is an intrinsic parameter to investigate molecular material distribution and indicates that the applied film preparation technique is crucial for the corresponding performance and applicability.
SAEM23 Editors‐in‐Chief Welcome (2023)

Welcome to SAEM 2023, which could be argued to be our first post-COVID annual meeting.Thank you for reading these abstracts, as they reflect what is on the minds of over 1300 academically-oriented emergency medicine enthusiasts during and since the COVID-19 pandemic.The authors range in experience from premedical students to seasoned researchers, some in the autumn of their careers.The authors also represent training and expertise in many medical disciplines besides emergency medicine, while others bring skill and knowledge emanating from their PhD, DrPH, or PharmD degrees.As always, the topics encompass the breadth of emergency care, and approximately 20% focus on education and training of emergency medicine.Thus, these abstracts reflect diversity and inclusion both in terms of their creators and content.
Quantitative analysis of ipsilateral and contralateral supracerebellar infratentorial and occipital transtentorial approaches to the cisternal pulvinar: laboratory anatomical investigation (2019)

The cSCIT approach is preferable among the 4 compared approaches, demonstrating better exposure to the cisternal pulvinar than ipsilateral approaches and a larger lateral exposure than the cOCTF approach. Both contralateral approaches described (cSCIT and cOCTF) provided enhanced lateral exposure to the pulvinar, while the cOCTF provided a larger exposure to the lateral portion of the pulvinar than the iOCTT. Medial exposure and maneuverability did not differ among the approaches. A short tentorium may negatively impact an ipsilateral approach because the cingulate isthmus and parahippocampal gyrus tend to protrude, in which case they can obstruct access to the cisternal pulvinar ipsilaterally.
Radio Frame Timing Detection Method Using Demodulation Reference Signals Based on PCID Detection for NR Initial Access (2021)

This paper proposes individual computation processes of the partial demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) sequence in a synchronization signal (SS)/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block to be used to detect the radio frame timing based on SS/PBCH block index detection for New Radio (NR) initial access. We present the radio frame timing detection probability using the proposed partial DM-RS sequence detection method that is applied subsequent to the physical-layer cell identity (PCID) detection in five tapped delay line (TDL) models in both non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and line-of-sight (LOS) environments. Computer simulation results show that by using the proposed method, the radio frame timing detection probabilities of almost 100% and higher than 90% are achieved for the LOS and NLOS channel models, respectively, at the average received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) of 0dB with the frequency stability of a local oscillator in a set of user equipment (UE) of 5ppm at the carrier frequency of 4GHz.
Excitation of Diverse Classes of Cholecystokinin Interneurons in the Basal Amygdala Facilitates Fear Extinction (2019)

There is growing evidence that interneurons (INs) orchestrate neural activity and plasticity in corticoamygdala circuits to regulate fear behaviors. However, defining the precise role of cholecystokinin-expressing INs (CCK INs) remains elusive due to the technical challenge of parsing this population from CCK-expressing principal neurons (CCK PNs). Here, we used an intersectional genetic strategy in CCK-Cre;Dlx5/6-Flpe double-transgenic mice to study the anatomical, molecular and electrophysiological properties of CCK INs in the basal amygdala (BA) and optogenetically manipulate these cells during fear extinction. Electrophysiological recordings confirmed that this strategy targeted GABAergic cells and that a significant proportion expressed functional cannabinoid CB1 receptors; a defining characteristic of CCK-expressing basket cells. However, immunostaining showed that subsets of the genetically-targeted cells expressed either neuropeptide Y (NPY; 29%) or parvalbumin (PV; 17%), but not somatostatin (SOM) or Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-α. Further morphological and electrophysiological analyses showed that four IN types could be identified among the EYFP-expressing cells: CCK/cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R)-expressing basket cells, neurogliaform cells, PV+ basket cells, and PV+ axo-axonic cells. At the behavioral level, <i>in vivo</i> optogenetic photostimulation of the targeted population during extinction acquisition led to reduced freezing on a light-free extinction retrieval test, indicating extinction memory facilitation; whereas photosilencing was without effect. Conversely, non-selective (i.e., inclusive of INs and PNs) photostimulation or photosilencing of CCK-targeted cells, using CCK-Cre single-transgenic mice, impaired extinction. These data reveal an unexpectedly high degree of phenotypic complexity in a unique population of extinction-modulating BA INs.
A Survey of Stream Clustering Algorithms (2018)

This chapter discusses clustering methods which are based on the k-means or the k-medians methodology. It explores density-based methods for stream clustering. The chapter describes probabilistic algorithms for clustering data streams and shows that high dimensional streaming algorithms. It outlines methods for discrete and categorical stream clustering and considers methods for clustering text streams. In the context of stream processing, temporal locality is also quite important, because the underlying patterns in the data may evolve, and therefore, the clusters in the past history may no longer remain relevant to the future. A variety of stream clustering algorithms attempt to take such temporal issues into account with the use of snapshot-based methods, decay-based techniques and windowing. Since stream data naturally imposes a one-pass constraint on the design of the algorithms, it becomes more difficult to provide such flexibility in computing clusters over different kinds of time horizons using conventional algorithms.
Plasmon optics of structured silver films (2001)

Excitation and propagation of surface plasmons in silver films structured with narrow straight grooves were visualized in unprecedented detail by means of near-field optical techniques. Reflectivity, transmissivity, and scattering loss of the grooves are demonstrated. Their values are determined semiquantitatively. The surface plasmon attenuation are found to be dominated by material and surface/interface imperfections.
Characteristics of Volatile Compounds and Juice Quality of Fallen Apple Fruit during Typhoon No. 19 in 1991. (1994)

台風による落下被害果実を用いて果汁を製造し,慣行収穫期の果実を対照として,香気成分特性を明らかにした.中生品種の‘紅玉'のように,落下時点ですでに成熟期に入っていたと考えられた果実の場合には,完熟果実と比べてもほぼ遜色のない果汁が得られ,落下損傷による異臭の発生なども認められなかった,これは果汁中の香気成分含量からも裏付けられ,定量できた44成分の総含量には,あまり差が認められなかった.また,オーダーユニット総計では完熟果汁の方が高い値を示したが,官能的にはほとんど同等の品質であった.よって,果汁原料として十分に利用できるものと考えられた.一方,晩生品種の'ふじ'では落果果汁で沈澱物が生じるなど,完熟果汁に比べ品質が劣っていた,また,香気成分含量も落果果汁は完熟果汁の4分の1以下と非常に少なかった.オーダーユニット総計でも同様に落下果汁はかなり低い値を示し,香り立ちが著しく悪く,デンプン臭も感じられるなど,香気成分上からも果汁品質の劣ることが明らかに認められた,そのため,清澄果汁かブレンド用果汁として利用する以外に方策はないものと考えられた.
Investigation of Time Dependent Competitive Protein Adsorption to Surfaces Using Mass Spectrometry (2013)

Introduction Surfaces in a complex protein solution will adsorb proteins. This event is fast and dynamic and triggers a biological response against the inserted/implanted biomaterial that eventually will lead to biofouling and encapsulation. This affects the properties of the inserted devices, such as hampered membrane functions of microdialysis (MD) probes or distortion in response of biosensors. Methods Untreated and coated filtration membranes were used as adsorption templates for human ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (vCSF). After adsorption in an incubation chamber, the membranes were washed, dried and the proteins were reduced, alkylated and digested. The sample preparation procedure was conducted according to an on-surface enzymatic digestion (oSED) protocol previously described by our group. The oSED digests were analyzed by nanoLC ESI-MS/MS using a 7T hybrid LTQ FT and Velos pro orbitrap mass spectrometer. Preliminary Data In this study, we present a time resolved map of protein adsorption. Non-coated and tri-block polymer coated, polycarbonate membranes was used as templates. As expected, a time and surface property dependent protein adsorption relationship was observed. It is not surprising that the degree of protein binding onto modified and non-modified surfaces was dependent on the properties of the protein as well as the properties of the surface. The process of biofouling for in vivo inserted materials can be postponed and thereby increasing the lifetime and use of e.g. microdialysis probes for patient monitoring. The preliminary data are very promising making it possible to identify a spectra of adsorbed proteins on different surfaces in a time dependent way
An unprecedented {Ni14SiW9} hybrid polyoxometalate with high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity (2019)

A unique polyoxometalate complex made up of a tetradecanuclear nickel bisphosphonate cluster capping a {SiW9} unit has been characterized. This stable compound exhibits a high hydrogen evolution reaction photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation via a reductive quenching mechanism.
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen as the Cell Cycle Sensor for an HLA-Derived Peptide Blocking T Cell Proliferation (2000)

Synthetic peptides corresponding to structural regions of HLA molecules are novel immunosuppressive agents. A peptide corresponding to residues 65-79 of the alpha-chain of HLA-DQA03011 (DQ65-79) blocks cell cycle progression from early G1 to the G1 restriction point, which inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase-2 activity and phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified proliferating cell nuclear Ag (PCNA) as a cellular ligand for this peptide, whose interaction with PCNA was further confirmed by in vitro biochemistry. Electron microscopy demonstrates that the DQ65-79 peptide enters the cell and colocalizes with PCNA in the T cell nucleus in vivo. Binding of the DQ65-79 peptide to PCNA did not block polymerase delta (pol delta)-dependent DNA replication in vitro. These findings support a key role for PCNA as a sensor of cell cycle progression and reveal an unanticipated function for conserved regions of HLA molecules.
Quality of Life in Dialysis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study (2015)

Nutritional factors are strongly associated with changes in HRQOL, especially with regard to PCS scores (change over time in HRQOL was an independent predictor of hospitalization and mortality). Increased scores of HRQOL over time are positively associated with survival.
The Structural Basis for Peptidomimetic Inhibition of Eukaryotic Ribonucleotide Reductase: A Conformationally Flexible Pharmacophore (2008)

Eukaryotic ribonucleotide reductase (RR) catalyzes nucleoside diphosphate conversion to deoxynucleoside diphosphate. Crucial for rapidly dividing cells, RR is a target for cancer therapy. RR activity requires formation of a complex between subunits R1 and R2 in which the R2 C-terminal peptide binds to R1. Here we report crystal structures of heterocomplexes containing mammalian R2 C-terminal heptapeptide, P7 (Ac-1FTLDADF7) and its peptidomimetic P6 (1Fmoc(Me)PhgLDChaDF7) bound to Saccharomyces cerevisiae R1 (ScR1). P7 and P6, both of which inhibit ScRR, each bind at two contiguous sites containing residues that are highly conserved among eukaryotes. Such binding is quite distinct from that reported for prokaryotes. The Fmoc group in P6 peptide makes several hydrophobic interactions that contribute to its enhanced potency in binding to ScR1. Combining all of our results, we observe three distinct conformations for peptide binding to ScR1. These structures provide pharmacophores for designing highly potent nonpeptide class I RR inhibitors.
Crosslinker Copolymerization for Property Control in Inverse Vulcanization (2019)

Sulfur is an underused by-product of the petrochemicals industry. Recent research into inverse vulcanization has shown how this excess sulfur can be transformed into functional polymers, by stabilization with organic crosslinkers. For these interesting new materials to realize their potential for applications, more understanding and control of their physical properties is needed. Here we report four new terpolymers prepared from sulfur and two distinct alkene monomers that can be predictively tuned in glass transition, molecular weight, solubility, mechanical properties, and color.
Natural Diels–Alderases: Elusive and Irresistable (2015)

Eight examples of biosynthetic pathways wherein a natural enzyme has been identified and claimed to function as a catalyst for the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, namely, Diels-Alderases, are briefly reviewed. These are discussed in the context of the mechanistic challenges associated with the technical difficulty of proving that the net formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition under study indeed proceeds through a synchronous mechanism and that the putative biosynthetic enzyme deploys the pericyclic transition state required for a Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction.
Epigenetic silencing of CDX2 is a feature of squamous esophageal cancer (2007)

CDX2, a mammalian homologue of the homeobox gene 'caudal,' is expressed in gut epithelia and plays an important role in establishing the intestinal phenotype during development. Mice heterozygously disrupted for CDX2 develop disorganized polypoid hamartomas with glandular epithelium and stratified squamous metaplasia resembling foregut mucosa. Since no genetic disruptions of CDX2 have been reported to explain loss of gene function, we examined whether epigenetic mechanisms altered CDX2 expression. Eleven of 17 squamous esophageal cancer cell lines lacked expression of CDX2 that was restored following treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, while all colorectal cancer cell lines expressed CDX2. Loss of expression was associated with DNA methylation in the 5' region of CDX2 determined by methylation specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing. Methylation of CDX2 was rare in primary colorectal (1 of 44 tumors, 2%) and esophageal adenocarcinoma neoplasms (2 of 43 tumors, 5%), but was common in esophageal squamous carcinoma (24 of 45 tumors, 49%). No CDX2 methylation was found in normal tissues. Using semi-quantitative RT-PCR, expression of CDX2 was found in low level in normal esophagus, at higher levels in primary adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, but not in primary squamous cancers of the esophagus. Restoration of CDX2 in silenced cell lines resulted in expression of the CDX2 target gene MUC2, a gene important in glandular differentiation. Our results suggest that the inactivation of CDX2 in esophageal cancer associated with DNA methylation may be an important determinant of the squamous or non-adenomatous phenotype.
Internal sudden short‐circuit response of a new HSBDS for brushless synchronous machines tested on a 15 MVA generator (2016)

Synchronous generators with brushless excitation have the disadvantage that the field winding is not accessible for the de‐excitation of the generator. This means that, despite the proper operation of the protection system, the large de‐excitation time constant may produce severe damage in the event of an internal short circuit. This paper describes a novel high speed de‐excitation system (HSBDS) aimed at limiting the damage in the synchronous generator in case of an internal short circuit. The HSBDS for these generators was developed and it is in commercial operation. However in a power plant is not possible to test the operation of the HSBDS under sudden short circuit. This paper presents the results of a several tests in a laboratory 15 MVA brushless synchronous machine where internally reduced voltage sudden short‐circuits have been performed. As a rated voltage short circuit could damage the laboratory 15 MVA machine, a computer model has been developed in order to assess the performance of the HSBDS in a real short circuit at rated voltage. The HSBDS under sudden short circuit conditions has been evaluated and validated through laboratory tests and computer simulations with satisfactory results.
AI and Accessibility: A Discussion of Ethical Considerations (2019)

According to the World Health Organization, more than one billion people worldwide have disabilities. The field of disability studies defines disability through a social lens; people are disabled to the extent that society creates accessibility barriers. AI technologies offer the possibility of removing many accessibility barriers; for example, computer vision might help people who are blind better sense the visual world, speech recognition and translation technologies might offer real time captioning for people who are hard of hearing, and new robotic systems might augment the capabilities of people with limited mobility. Considering the needs of users with disabilities can help technologists identify high-impact challenges whose solutions can advance the state of AI for all users; however, ethical challenges such as inclusivity, bias, privacy, error, expectation setting, simulated data, and social acceptability must be considered.