gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-area, high-NA Multi-level Diffractive Lens via inverse design (2020)

Flat lenses enable thinner, lighter, and simpler imaging systems. However, large-area and high-NA flat lenses have been elusive due to computational and fabrication challenges. Here, we applied inverse design to create a multi-level diffractive lens (MDL) with thickness &lt;1.35μm, diameter of 4.13mm, NA=0.9 at wavelength of 850nm. Since the MDL is created in polymer, it can be cost-effectively replicated via imprint lithography.
An inventory of the Aspergillus niger secretome by combining in silico predictions with shotgun proteomics data (2010)

We were able to improve the in silico inventory of A. niger secretory proteins by combining different gene-model predictions from neighbouring Aspergilli and thereby avoiding prediction conflicts associated with inaccurate gene-models. The expected accuracy of signal peptide prediction for proteins that lack homologous sequences in the proteomes of related species is 85%. An experimental validation of the predicted proteome confirmed in silico predictions.
P‐140: Simultaneous Phase Retardation and Optic Axis Measurements of A‐ and C‐Plates (2006)

Abstract We demonstrate a new method for simultaneously measuring the phase retardation and optic axis of a compensation film by using an axially‐symmetric sheared polymer network liquid crystal (AS‐SPNLC). With overlaying a tested compensation film with a calibrated AS‐SPNLC cell between crossed polarizers, the optic axis and phase retardation value of the compensation film can be determined. This method is applicable to both A‐ and C‐plate phase compensation films.
Microcavities in single crystal diamond (2010)

In this presentation recent progress in creating diamond-based nanophotonic systems optically coupled to NV centers is reviewed.
Formation mechanisms of ZnO nanowires on polycrystalline Au seed layers for piezoelectric applications (2019)

ZnO nanowires are considered as attractive building blocks for piezoelectric devices, including nano-generators and stress/strain sensors. However, their integration requires the use of metallic seed layers, on top of which the formation mechanisms of ZnO nanowires by chemical bath deposition are still largely open. In order to tackle that issue, the nucleation and growth mechanisms of ZnO nanowires on top of Au seed layers with a thickness in the range of 5-100 nm are thoroughly investigated. We show that the ZnO nanowires present two different populations of nano-objects with a given morphology. The majority primary population is made of vertically aligned ZnO nanowires, which are heteroepitaxially formed on top of the Au (111) grains. The resulting epitaxial strain is found to be completely relieved at the Au/ZnO interface. In contrast, the minority secondary population is composed of ZnO nanowires with a significant mean tilt angle around 20° with respect to the normal to the substrate surface, which are presumably formed on the (211) facets of the Au (111) grains. The elongation of ZnO nanowires is further found to be limited by the surface reaction at the c-plane top facet in the investigated conditions. By implementing the selective area growth using electron beam lithography, the position of ZnO nanowires is controlled, but the two populations still co-exist in the ensemble. These findings provide an in-depth understanding of the formation mechanisms of ZnO nanowires on metallic seed layers, which should be taken into account for their more efficient integration into piezoelectric devices.
Pulsed Low‐Resolution NMR Investigations of Protein Sols and Gels (1988)

ABSTRACT Water proton transverse (T 2 ) relaxation measurements in whey, egg, gelatin, and soybean sols and gels were determined. T 2 relaxation in protein sols and gels was a single exponential process, except for oil containing sols which showed a two‐phase behavior. The relaxation rates (1/T 2 ) increased linearly with concentration of either protein or oil. For samples containing protein which underwent an irreversible denaturation upon heating, T 2 relaxation times were longer in the sols than in the gels. In gels, the variation of the T 2 relaxation times with temperature was interpreted in terms of an exchange between labile protein protons and water protons.
Capacity Maximization with Polarization-Agile Antennas in the MIMO Communication System (2015)

Polarization diversity is an important candidate for improving the channel capacity in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. The use of polarization-agile antennas enables to reap important benefits of polarization diversity without the need for additional up/down-conversion chains and their associated cost and energy consumption. In this paper we propose a novel scheme of polarization pre-post coding based on the theoretical (approximate) closed-form derivation of optimal transmit/receive polarization vectors to maximize channel capacity when polarization agility is available only at one link end. We use those as basis for an iterative joint polarization pre-post coding for polarization agility at both link ends. Simulations validate that the obtained capacity is in a close agreement with that obtained by exhaustive numerical search for optimal transmit/receive polarization orientation. Utilizing our scheme of joint polarization pre-post coding improves system performance by 3 dB to 5 dB in terms of the SNR.
Opinion column: Fairness, accountability and transparency (in multimedia) (2019)

The inclusiveness and transparency of automatic information processing methods is a research topic that exhibited growing interest in the past years. In the era of digitized decision-making software where the push for artificial intelligence happens worldwide and at different strata of the socio-economic tissue, the consequences of biased, unexplainable and opaque methods for content analysis can be dramatic.
A Novel Combination Immunotherapy for Cancer by IL-13Rα2–Targeted DNA Vaccine and Immunotoxin in Murine Tumor Models (2011)

Optimum efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines may require combinations that generate effective antitumor immune responses, as well as overcome immune evasion and tolerance mechanisms mediated by progressing tumor. Previous studies showed that IL-13Rα2, a unique tumor-associated Ag, is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. A targeted cytotoxin composed of IL-13 and mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin induced specific killing of IL-13Rα2(+) tumor cells. When combined with IL-13Rα2 DNA cancer vaccine, surprisingly, it mediated synergistic antitumor effects on tumor growth and metastasis in established murine breast carcinoma and sarcoma tumor models. The mechanism of synergistic activity involved direct killing of tumor cells and cell-mediated immune responses, as well as elimination of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and, consequently, regulatory T cells. These novel results provide a strong rationale for combining immunotoxins with cancer vaccines for the treatment of patients with advanced cancer.
Effect of scan duration on lesion detectability in PET oncology imaging (2005)

We have simulated 2D PET acquisitions of an anthropomorphic phantom with numerous spherical target lesions. The diameters of the lesions were varied from 1.0 to 3.0 cm, and the contrast ratios of the lesions were varied from 1.5 to 4.0. Noise-free scans were simulated with an analytical simulator. Poisson noise was added to simulate scan durations ranging from 1 to 10 minutes, using noise equivalent count rates previously measured in 2D whole-body acquisitions of an anthropomorphic phantom. The average detectability of each target lesion under each condition was calculated using a nonprewhitening matched filter. Our results demonstrate the variation of the minimum scan duration required to detect a target of a given size and contrast ratio, for any fixed threshold of detectability.
Intermolecular Coupling Enhancement of the Molecular Hyperpolarizability in Multichromophoric Dipolar Dendrons (2000)

Nonlinear optical dendritic macromolecules, called azobenzene dendrons, were synthesized, and their conformational properties and molecular nonlinear optical properties were clarified by second-order nonlinear optical measurement. The synthesized molecules were modified by introducing 1−15 numbers of azobenzene branching units as the nonlinear optical chromophore and by placing aliphatic chains at the end the dendritic chains. In these topologically complex molecules, each chromophore contributed coherently to the macroscopic nonlinear optical activity. The first-order molecular hyperpolarizability of the azobenzene dendron having 15 chromophoric units was measured to be 3010 × 10-30 esu using the hyper-Rayleigh scattering method. This level of molecular hyperpolarizability was much higher than that for an azobenzene monomer (150 × 10-30 esu). The polarized nonlinear optical measurement provided structural information on the dendrons and indicated that each chromophore was oriented noncentrosymmetrically along the molecular axis to become a cone shape rather than a spreading or spherical shape. This structure gave rise to a large electronically dipolar macromolecule system, in which each chromophoric unit coherently contributed to the second harmonic generation.
Defining the Role of Satellite Communications in 4G (2007)

The paper discusses the possible role that mobile satellite communications systems can play in 4G. The contribution is positioned into the context of the evolution of cellular/wireless 4G networks. Possible market segments and system architectures are described, including direct access to individuals and user groups on the move, mobile broadcasting applications, and backhauling. The challenges that satellite communications will face in the 4G arena are considered, in terms of market, business, technical, standardization, and regulatory aspects.
Distribution of fibroblast surface antigen in the developing chick embryo. (1975)

Fibroblast surface (SE) antigen is present in fibrillar surface structures of cultured normal fibroblasts, shed to the extracellular medium, and is also found in circulation (serum and plasma). Malignant fibroblasts (transformed by viruses) do not express SF antigen on the cell surface. In this study the in vivo differentiation and distribution of SF antigen has been investigated in the developing chick embryo using cryostat sections and immunofluorescence. The major findings were: (a) SF antigen was detectable in the loose connective tissue of very early (2-to 3-day old) embryos. (b) Condensation of SF antigen was seen in various boundary membranes such as the glomerular and tubular basement membranes of the kidney, the boundary membranes of the notochord, yolk sac, and vitelline membranes and liver sinusoids. (c) SF antigen was found to be cell-type specific. It was seen as a fibrillar network in the loose connective tissue of different organs but not in the parenchymal cells. It was not found in muscle cells at any stage of development. (d) The antigen was present in the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the kidney; but not found after their development into epithelial cells of the secretory tubules. (e) Both in vivo and in fibroblast cultures SF antigen was distributed as a fibrillar network. These data indicate that SF antigen is a "differentiation antigen" restricted to certain cells of mesenchymal origin and character, and that is accumulates in the connective tissue during embryogenesis.
Multiple reference Fourier transform holography with soft x rays (2006)

The authors demonstrate multiple reference source Fourier transform holography with soft x rays. This technique extends the detection limit of high resolution lensless imaging by introducing spatial multiplexing to coherent x-ray scattering. In this way, image quality is improved without increasing the radiation exposure to the sample. This technique is especially relevant for recording static images of radiation sensitive samples and for studying spatial dynamics with pulsed light sources. Applying their technique in the weak illumination limit they image a nanoscale test object by detecting ∼2500 photons. The observed enhancement in the signal-to-noise ratio of the image follows the square root of the number of reference sources.
PRESSURE AND LOAD PATTERNS ON SEAT INTERFACE: A COMPARISON BETWEEN HUMAN SUBJECTS AND CRASH TEST DUMMIES (1998)

This study compares pressure and load patterns on the seat back generated by humans to those by Hybrid III dummies in low-severity rear impacts. 12 healthy human subjects, along with the 5th percentile female and 50th percentile male Hybrid III dummies, were used as test subjects. During the tests, the interface pressure distribution between seat and human or dummy was collected by means of a Tekscan system, at a rate of 50 frames/sec. The test seat was mounted to a mini-sled, which was powered by a bungy cord. The bungy cord accelerated the sled to a speed of about 1.3 m/s (5 krn/h) when the sled was brought to stop by means of a hydraulic damper. The stopping distance was approximately 30 mm which generated a deceleration pulse of about 3G. The results showed that at impact peaks, total dynamic loading due to human or dummy trunk weight on the seat back increased from static loading. Not only dummy loading increased more than human loading, but also for dummies, a larger portion of load transferred from lower back to upper back region. The dummies' load center in these tests migrated up on seat back more than 50 mm as compared to 20 mm for the humans during impacts. Pressure distribution patterns differed significantly between the humans and the dummies. The results of the study will help improve the understanding of injury mechanism due to rear impact, and provide fundamental data for dynamic human modeling. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see ITRD E203725.
Processing of Proaugurin Is Required to Suppress Proliferation of Tumor Cell Lines (2011)

Augurin is a secretory molecule produced in pituitary, thyroid, and esophagus and implicated in a wide array of physiological processes, from ACTH release to tumor suppression. However, the specific proaugurin-derived peptides present in various cell types are not yet known. In order to shed light on the posttranslational modifications required for biological activity, we here describe the posttranslational processing of proaugurin in AtT-20 and Lovo cells and identify proaugurin-derived products generated by convertases. In vitro cleavage of proaugurin with proprotein convertases produced multiple peptides, including a major product with a mass of 9.7 kDa by mass spectrometry. Metabolic labeling of C-terminally tagged proaugurin in AtT-20 and AtT-20/PC2 cells resulted in a major 15-kDa tagged form on SDS-PAGE, which likely corresponds to the 9.7-kDa in vitro fragment, with the added tag, its linker, and posttranslational modification(s). The secretion of neither proaugurin nor this cleavage product was stimulated by forskolin, indicating its lack of storage in regulated secretory granules and lack of cleavage by PC2. Incubation of cells with the furin inhibitor nona-d-arginine resulted in impaired cleavage of proaugurin, whereas metalloprotease inhibitors did not affect proaugurin proteolysis. These data support the idea that proaugurin is cleaved by furin and secreted via the constitutive secretory pathway. Interestingly, proaugurin was sulfated during trafficking; sulfation was completely inhibited by brefeldin A. Proliferation assays with three different tumor cell lines demonstrated that only furin-cleaved proaugurin could suppress cell proliferation, suggesting that proteolytic cleavage is a posttranslational requirement for proaugurin to suppress cell proliferation.
N-Sulfonyl Amino Acid Amides, a Novel Class of Compounds with Fungicidal Activity [1] (2003)

Novel types of oomycete fungicides have been designed and prepared. The synthetic approach to these N-sulfonyl amino acid amides is outlined. Bioassays demonstrate their high efficacy against important plant diseases like Phytophthora infestans (tomato and potato late blight) and Plasmopara viticola (grape downy mildew). Structure–activity relationship studies are discussed.
Plasmonic Hydrogen Sensing with Nanostructured Metal Hydrides (2014)

In this review, we discuss the evolution of localized surface plasmon resonance and surface plasmon resonance hydrogen sensors based on nanostructured metal hydrides, which has accelerated significantly during the past 5 years. We put particular focus on how, conceptually, plasmonic resonances can be used to study metal-hydrogen interactions at the nanoscale, both at the ensemble and at the single-nanoparticle level. Such efforts are motivated by a fundamental interest in understanding the role of nanosizing on metal hydride formation processes in the quest to develop efficient solid-state hydrogen storage materials with fast response times, reasonable thermodynamics, and acceptable long-term stability. Therefore, a brief introduction to the thermodynamics of metal hydride formation is also given. However, plasmonic hydrogen sensors not only are of academic interest as research tool in materials science but also are predicted to find more practical use as all-optical gas detectors in industrial and medical applications, as well as in a future hydrogen economy, where hydrogen is used as a carbon free energy carrier. Therefore, the wide range of different plasmonic hydrogen sensor designs already available is reviewed together with theoretical efforts to understand their fundamentals and optimize their performance in terms of sensitivity. In this context, we also highlight important challenges to be addressed in the future to take plasmonic hydrogen sensors from the laboratory to real applications in devices, including poisoning/deactivation of the active materials, sensor lifetime, and cross-sensitivity toward other gas species.
Data from The Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway Controls the Progression of Prostate Cancer to Androgen-Independent Growth (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Typically, the initial response of a prostate cancer patient to androgen ablation therapy is regression of the disease. However, the tumor will progress to an “androgen-independent” stage that results in renewed growth and spread of the cancer. Both nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression and neuroendocrine differentiation predict poor prognosis, but their precise contribution to prostate cancer progression is unknown. This report shows that secretory proteins from neuroendocrine cells will activate the NF-κB pathway in LNCaP cells, resulting in increased levels of active androgen receptor (AR). By blocking NF-κB signaling &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, AR activation is inhibited. In addition, the continuous activation of NF-κB signaling &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; by the absence of the IκBα inhibitor prevents regression of the prostate after castration by sustaining high levels of nuclear AR and maintaining differentiated function and continued proliferation of the epithelium. Furthermore, the NF-κB pathway was activated in the ARR&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;PB-&lt;i&gt;myc&lt;/i&gt;-PAI (Hi-myc) mouse prostate by cross-breeding into a IκBα&lt;sup&gt;+/−&lt;/sup&gt; haploid insufficient line. After castration, the mouse prostate cancer continued to proliferate. These results indicate that activation of NF-κB is sufficient to maintain androgen-independent growth of prostate and prostate cancer by regulating AR action. Thus, the NF-κB pathway may be a potential target for therapy against androgen-independent prostate cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(16):6762–9]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Scalable and precise symbolic analysis for atomicity violations (2011)

We present a symbolic testing tool BEST for finding atomicity violations. We automatically infer and generate potential atomicity properties from an observed run of a multi-threaded program, and use precise modeling and constraint-based symbolic search to find atomicity violating schedules in the most generalization of the observed run. We focus mainly on the tool scalability by devising various simplification steps to reduce the formula and the search space by orders-of-magnitude. To that effect, we also introduce a new notion of atomicity that is useful and simple to check. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined techniques on several public C/C++/Java benchmarks in finding known/unknown atomicity bugs.
The Limits of the Trade-Off Between Query-Anonymity and Communication-Cost in Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)

We address query-anonymity, the property that the destination of a client's query is indistinguishable from other potential destinations, in the context of wireless sensor networks. Prior work has established that this is an important issue, and has also pointed out that there appears to be a natural trade-off between query-anonymity and communication-cost. We explore what we call the limits of this trade-off: what is the communication-cost that is sufficient to achieve a certain query-anonymity, and what is the communication-cost that we must necessarily incur to achieve a certain query-anonymity? Towards this, we point out that two notions of query-anonymity that prior work in this context proposes are not meaningful. We propose an unconditional notion of query-anonymity that we argue has intuitive appeal. We then establish the limits of the trade-off. In particular, we show that in wireless sensor networks whose topology is a square grid and are source-routed, the necessary and sufficient communication-cost for query-anonymity asymptotically smaller than n, where n is the number of nodes in the network, is dependent on n only, and the necessary and sufficient communication-cost for query-anonymity larger than n is dependent on the desired query-anonymity only. We then generalize to topologies that are arbitrary connected undirected graphs, an exercise that involves a novel approach based on a spanning tree for the graph. We show that the diameter of the graph is the inflection point in the trade-off. We discuss extensions of our results to other settings, such as those in which routes are not necessarily shortest-paths. We also validate our analytical insights empirically, via simulations in Tossim, a de facto standard approach for wireless sensor networks. In summary, our work establishes sound and interesting theoretical results for query-anonymity in wireless sensor networks, and validates them empirically.