gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stochastic steady-state and AC analyses of mixed-signal systems (2009)

This paper demonstrates that the steady-state and adjoint sensitivity analyses can be extended to stochastic mixed-signal systems based on Markov chain models. The examples of such systems include digital phase-locked loops and delta-sigma data converters, of which steady-state response is statistical in nature, consisting of an ensemble of waveforms with probability distribution. For efficient Markov-chain analysis, the paper describes three methods that can limit the number of states: a state discretization scheme based on Gaussian decomposition, a state exploration algorithm that discovers the recurrent states, and a state truncation algorithm that eliminates the states with negligible stationary probabilities. The stochastic AC analysis is performed by deriving a first-order ordinary differential equation governing the perturbations in the stationary probabilities and solving it via phasor analysis. In the digital PLL and first-order ΔΣ ADC examples, the number of states was reduced by a factor of 35 and the frequency-domain phase and noise transfer functions were simulated with a 57~22,000x speed-up compared to using transient, Monte-Carlo simulations.
The Biphasic Effects of Oxidized-Low Density Lipoprotein on the Vasculogenic Function of Endothelial Progenitor Cells (2015)

Late-outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are stress-resistant and responsible for reparative functions in the cardiovascular system. Oxidized-LDL (oxLDL) plays a critical role in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. However, it is largely unknown what the impacts of oxLDL are on late-outgrowth EPCs. This study aimed to investigate the concentration-related effects of oxLDL on EPC functions and related angiogenesis, in vitro and in vivo. In this study, early and late-outgrowth EPCs were generated from circulating human mononuclear cells. oxLDL may regulate EPC vasculogenic function via the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1). Lower concentrations (5 μg/mL) of oxLDL can potentiate EPC tube formation in vitro and in vivo by activating eNOS mechanisms, which are mediated by p38 MAPK- and SAPK/JNK-related pathways. Higher concentrations of oxLDL (10-50 μg/mL) impaired EPC function via the activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase pathways and consequent inhibition of eNOS activity, which could be reversed by anti-oxidants (diphenylene iodonium and apocynin) and gp91phox siRNA. In conclusion, oxLDL has concentration-dependent biphasic effects on human late-outgrowth EPC tube formation in vitro and in vivo.
Expression profile of matrix metalloproteinases in the labrum of femoroacetabular impingement (2020)

This study established an expression profile of MMPs and TIMPs in the FAI labrum. The increased expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 and reduced expression of TIMP-1 in the FAI labrum are indicative of a pathogenic role of FAI in hip OA development.<b>Cite this article:</b> <i>Bone Joint Res.</i> 2020;9(4):173-181.
Targeting the Formyl Peptide Receptor type 1 to prevent the adhesion of ovarian cancer cells onto mesothelium and subsequent invasion (2019)

Our findings identify for the first time FPR1 as a potential biomarker of aggressive EOC and suggests that inhibitors of the uPAR84-95/FPR1 crosstalk may be useful for the treatment of metastatic EOC.
Effects of light, temperature and nitrogen on Scilla hyacinthoides germination and seedling development (2014)

Summary Scilla hyacinthoides (Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae) is a perennial deciduous bulbous geophyte, growing naturally in the Mediterranean region. During recent years in Israel there have been attempts to grow S. hyacinthoides horticulturally as a cut flower or a water-saving garden ornamental. Hence, information on germination and seedling development is timely and much needed for future plant selection. The specific objectives of the present study were to describe germination and seedling development, to define the temperature requirements for germination and growth, and to determine the factors involved in developmental seedling plasticity. S. hyacinthoides seeds exhibit physiological dormancy. Germination was inhibited by light and by high temperatures. The germination is epigeal. High temperatures induced end-of-season seedling dormancy and lead to increased seedling mortality. The cotyledon serves as a photosynthetic leaf, while the leaves lack blades and function as scales. Application of nitrogen compounds changed the axial patterning of leaves by inducing leaf blade formation and increased seedling dry weight. In conclusion, S. hyacinthoides germination and seedling development are highly plastic and are influenced by light, temperature and nitrogen availability. Such plasticity is of great benefit in the unpredictable Mediterranean climate.
Iron(III) Dopant Counterions Affect the Charge-Transport Properties of Poly(Thiophene) and Poly(Dialkoxythiophene) Derivatives (2022)

This study investigates the charge-transport properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and poly(ProDOT-<i>alt</i>-biEDOT) (PE<sub>2</sub>) films doped with a set of iron(III)-based dopants and as a function of dopant concentration. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that doping P3HT with 12 mM iron(III) solutions leads to similar extents of oxidation, independent of the dopant anion; however, the electrical conductivities and Seebeck coefficients vary significantly (5 S cm<sup>-1</sup> and + 82 μV K<sup>-1</sup> with tosylate and 56 S cm<sup>-1</sup> and +31 μV K<sup>-1</sup> with perchlorate). In contrast, PE<sub>2</sub> thermoelectric transport properties vary less with respect to the iron(III) anion chemistry, which is attributed to PE<sub>2</sub> having a lower onset of oxidation than P3HT. Consequentially, PE<sub>2</sub> doped with 12 mM iron(III) perchlorate obtained an electrical conductivity of 315 S cm<sup>-1</sup> and a Seebeck coefficient of + 7 μV K<sup>-1</sup>. Modeling these thermoelectric properties with the semilocalized transport (SLoT) model suggests that tosylate-doped P3HT remains mostly in the localized transport regime, attributed to more disorder in the microstructure. In contrast perchlorate-doped P3HT and PE<sub>2</sub> films exhibited thermally deactivated electrical conductivities and metal-like transport at high doping levels over limited temperature ranges. Finally, the SLoT model suggests that PE<sub>2</sub> has the potential to be more electrically conductive than P3HT due to PE<sub>2</sub>'s ability to achieve higher extents of oxidation and larger shifts in the reduced Fermi energy levels.
The effect of ozone oxidation on single-walled carbon nanotubes (2007)

Exposing single-walled carbon nanotubes to room temperature UV-generated ozone leads to an irreversible increase in their electrical resistance. We demonstrate that the increased resistance is due to ozone oxidation on the sidewalls of the nanotubes rather than at the end caps. Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show an increase in the defect density due to the oxidation of the nanotubes. Using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy we show that these defects represent the removal of pi-conjugated electron states near the Fermi level, leading to the observed increase in electrical resistance. Oxidation of carbon nanotubes is an important first step in many chemical functionalization processes. Since the oxidation rate is controllable with short exposures, UV-generated ozone offers the potential for use as a low-thermal budget processing tool.
Optical and plasmonic spectroscopy with cantilever shaped materials (2011)

Micro- and nanocantilevers, which have traditionally played a vital role in the development of force microscopy, and more recently a special role in biological, chemical and physical sensing and detection, have received comparatively little attention in optical spectroscopy. We present an investigation of the optical response of microcantilevers towards their utilization in integrated spectrometers in a broad part of the spectrum. By discussing the overall actuation mechanism we describe how surface modes may effectively contribute to the final signal. Using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, a series of multilayered microcantilevers are characterized for their spectral response in the range from 7800 to 400 cm −1 . Transmission FTIR and FTIR photothermal spectroscopy are carried out using polystyrene with well-established infrared spectra.
Game-Theoretical Analysis of Mining Strategy for Bitcoin-NG Blockchain Protocol (2020)

Bitcoin-NG (next generation), a scalable blockchain protocol, divides each block into a key block and many microblocks to effectively improve the transaction processing capacity. Bitcoin-NG has a special incentive mechanism (i.e., splitting transaction fees to the current and the next leader) to maintain its security. However, this incentive mechanism ignores the joint effect of transaction fees, mint coins, and mining duration lengths on the expected mining reward. In this article, we identify the advanced mining attack that deliberately ignores microblocks to enlarge the mining-duration length to increase the likelihood of winning the mining race. We first show that an advanced mining attacker can maximize its expected reward by optimizing its mining-duration length. We then formulate a game-theoretical model in which multiple mining players perform advanced mining to compete with each other. We analyze the Nash equilibrium for the mining game. Our analytical and simulation results indicate that all mining players in the mining game converge to having advanced mining at the equilibrium and have no incentives for deviating from the equilibrium; the transaction processing capability of Bitcoin-NG at the equilibrium is decreased by advanced mining. Therefore, we conclude that the Bitcoin-NG blockchain protocol is vulnerable to advanced mining.
Making Commercial Biology Safer: What the Gene Synthesis Industry Has Learned About Screening Customers and Orders (2009)

Scientists first learned how to make artificial DNA in arbitrary, gene-length configurations in the 1970s. [Khorana 1979] In principle, this immediately provided a new way to do genetic engineering. At first, however, the technology was difficult, expensive, and limited to very short (~ 200 nucleotide (“nt.”)) molecules. For this reason it took almost twenty years for academic laboratories to improve the process to the point where synthetic DNA could begin to replace cloning in practical experiments. The turning point came in 1999 when several corporations began selling synthetic DNA commercially. Because the new firms served far more customers than any academic lab, they could afford to specialize and make large investments in R&D and equipment. This made artificial genes still more affordable, further boosted demand, and attracted additional investment. Today, this virtuous cycle is finally encountering diminishing returns. Even so, it will probably continue to run for another five years or so.
Tree-Based Resolution Synthesis (1999)

In this paper, we present an approach to optimal image scaling called Tree-Based Resolution synthesis (TBRS). TBRS works by first performing a fast local classification of a window around the pixel being interpolated, and then by applying an interpolation filter designed for the selected class. The idea behind TBRS is to use a regression tree as a piecewise linear approximation to the conditional mean estimator of the high-resolution image given the lowresolution image. We generate the parameters for the regression tree by training on sample images. The training is computationally demanding, but it only needs to be performed once. We will demonstrate that the resulting predictor may be used effectively on input images that were not used in the training. 1 Introduction An image is usually only available at one or a few resolutions, so that in order to render it at a higher resolution, some image scaling technique must be applied. This involves some inference on the part of the interpo...
High-speed, polyimide-based semi-insulating planar buried heterostructures (1987)

We describe planar buried heterostructure lasers which have low capacitance (lpF), large bandwidth (19GHz), high power (&gt;20mW/facet) and high temperature operation (100°C). These lasers are very suitable for long-distance, highspeed digital and analogue signal transmission.
Design considerations for implementing a modularly configured attached processor in a multi chip module (2002)

Implementation of a novel modularly configured attached processor (MCAP) architecture was evaluated using 1 /spl mu/m CMOS logic on an MCM-D The transistor count was approximately ten million transistors, distributed on twenty-five chip dice. Delay, area, and power calculations were performed using the SUSPENS model. Rent's rule was found to be not applicable. Speed was calculated to be in the 100 MHz range. The module foot print was found to be 90 cm/sup 2/. Power dissipation per unit area was low enough to allow air cooling.
An experimental and numerical study of the flow and mass transfer in a model of the wearable artificial kidney dialyzer (2010)

The experimental and numerical results revealed that when pumping at similar flow rates, a small battery-operated pulsatile pump provides clearances of urea and creatinine similar as or better than a large heavy AC-powered roller pump.
Origins and control of the polarization splitting in exciton-polaritons microwires (2016)

We report on the experimental investigation of the polarization-dependent energy splitting in the lower exciton-polariton branches of a 1D microcavity. The splitting observed for the lowest branch can reach up to 1 meV. It does not result from low temperature thermal constraints but from anisotropic mechanical internal strains induced by etching. Those strains remove the degeneracy both in the photonic ($δE_{\mathrm{ph}}$) and excitonic ($δE_{\mathrm{exc}}$) components of the polariton but also in the photon-exciton coupling ($δΩ$). Those three contributions are accurately infered from experimental data. It appears that the sign and magnitude of the polarization splitting as well as the linear polarization of the corresponding polariton eigenstates can be tuned through the bare exciton-photon detuning. Moreover, no dependence on the width of the wire (from 3 to 7 $\mathrmμ$m) is observed. We propose a mechanical model explaining the universality of those observations paving the way to the engineering of polarization eigenstates in microwires exciton-polaritons.
Insights Into the Dynamics of Coupled VO2 Oscillators for ONNs (2021)

The collective behavior of many coupled oscillator systems is currently being explored for the implementation of different non-conventional computing paradigms. In particular, VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> based nano-oscillators have been proposed to implement oscillatory neural networks that can serve as associative memories, useful in pattern recognition applications. Although the dynamics of a pair of coupled oscillators have already been extensively analyzed, in this brief, the topic is addressed more practically. Firstly, for the application mentioned above, each oscillator needs to be initialized in a given phase to represent the input pattern. We demonstrate the impact of this initialization mechanism on the final phase relationship of the oscillators. Secondly, such oscillatory networks are based on frequency synchronization, in which the impact of variability is critical. We carried out a comprehensive mathematical analysis of a pair of coupled oscillators taking into account both issues, which is a first step towards the design of the oscillatory neural networks for associative memory applications.
Classic Citations: Priapism: Reasons for Failure by Frank Hinman Jr (2007)

In his article from 1960, Frank Hinman Jr [ 1 Hinman Jr, F. Priapism; Reasons for failure. J Urol. 1960; 83: 420-428 PubMed Google Scholar ] through the description of seven cases of idiopathic priapism gave the features of this disease. All seven patients had had previous transient episodes of priapism and prolonged sexual excitement before the final episode; erection of the corpora cavernosa sparing of corpus spongiosum; presence of dark thick blood, without clots, inside the corpora and refilling with bright blood after aspiration; limited subsidence after aspiration and eventual nonrefilling after it; and partial or complete erectile dysfunction after the episode.
Evaluation of Oxidized-Low-Density Lipoproteins Using Kelvin Force Microscopy (2013)

Oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), which is generated by LDL oxidation, is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease development. LDL has positive charges on the surface attributable to amino groups of lysine moieties on Apo B-100. Its positive charge is decreased by oxidation. For this paper, the topography and surface potential of LDL and ox-LDL are measured using atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Although it is difficult to ascertain a difference between topographic images of LDL and ox-LDL, the KPFM images of ox-LDL differ from those obtained using LDL. The averaged potential of the surface decreases concomitantly with increasing oxidation time of the LDL. We demonstrate a method to evaluate the oxidation level of LDL using KPFM.
Psycho-social model of depression within the elderly population in the institutional and non-institutional life conditions. (2008)

The aged people are often in need of other people's help available at their home or in institutions for long term care. On the other hand depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and a common cause of disability in the elderly. The study included N=100 participants. Subjects are individuals in the age of 65 or more, 39 men and 61 women. Fifty subjects have been accommodated in the Elderly Centres (homes for retirees), and fifty have been using gerontology centre services at their homes. Depression, functional capability, psychosomatic disorders and subjective estimate of health have been investigated. It has occurred that depression in general was more present among the subjects who lived in the institutional life conditions, namely that depression major (major, regarding severity of the disease) is more frequently present in this group. Depression minor is more frequent among those subjects who live in the non-institutional conditions. Psychosomatic disorders, decreased functional capability and lack of contacts outside homes are in larger correlation to depression among subjects living in the non-institutional life conditions. Depression and subjective health estimate are highly correlated in both groups. Depression is more widely present among women and subjects with higher education levels.
Suprapubic Cystostomy for the Management of Urethral Injuries During Penile Prosthesis Implantation (2014)

Primary urethral repair followed by temporary suprapubic cystostomy offers a surgical approach to complete PP implantation successfully in patients who sustain urethral injury complications, particularly for complex PP surgeries. Anele UA, Le BV, and Burnett AL. Suprapubic cystostomy for the management of urethral injuries during penile prosthesis implantation.
A novel extrusion process for the production of polymer micropellets (2018)

Traditional micropellet and powder‐based polymer processing techniques, such as powder bed fusion, compression molding, and rotational molding have shown an increased demand in polymer processing. These processes require powders and micropellets with a small particle size, narrow size distribution and defined geometry for a variety of polymer resins. Therefore, micropelletization technologies, where particles in the size range of 50–1,000 μm are generated, have been attracting growing attention over the past decade. A new technique, presented here, yields micropellets with a controlled morphology and narrow particle size distribution. In this process, a polymer melt is extruded through a capillary and is subsequently stretched with a hot airstream until flow instabilities or melt fracture cause it to break up into particles. Small changes in process conditions result in different size distributions and particle shapes, such as lenticular pellets, fibers, and strand segments. This work shows how processing parameters and different polymer materials influence the produced micropellets. Depending on the processed polymer resin and process conditions, spherical particles with sizes ranging from 50 to 1,000 μm can be produced using the novel extrusion technique. Comprehensive design of experiment and data analysis was used to establish a more detailed understanding of the micropelletization process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:2264–2275, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
A Neutron Diffraction Study of the Antiferromagnetic Diphosphate LiFeP2O7. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facial feature extraction from color images (2002)

A robust facial feature extraction algorithm is required for many applications. The method proposed in this paper utilizes techniques of color segmentation and color thresholding to isolate and pinpoint the eyes, nostrils, and mouth on a color image.
Preface on Making Oxygen (2008)

Imagine a planet whose atmosphere is irreversibly changed&#13;\nby the dominant lifeform inhabiting it. The lifeform releases a gas--a waste gas--trillions and trillions of tons of it. The atmosphere becomes so altered that evolution on the planet is forever changed. Science fiction? Not at all! The planet is Earth, but the waste gas is not carbon dioxide and the time is not now. Instead, the unwanted gas is oxygen, the subject of this issue’s Forum, and the time is long, long ago. On primordial Earth, the atmosphere was reducing, most likely made up mainly of nitrogen, methane, ammonia, and water vapor. While oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, it did not exist in the atmosphere in primordial times to even a small fraction of the extent that it does today.
Effects of Reference-Command Preview as Humans Learn to Control Dynamic Systems (2019)

We present results from an experiment in which 22 human subjects each interact with a dynamic system 40 times over a one-week period. For each interaction, a subject performs a command-following task. The reference commands are the same for all subjects but different on each trial. The subjects are divided into 2 groups. One group performs the command-following task without reference-command preview, and the other group is provided with l-s preview of the reference command. We use the experimental results to examine the effects of reference-command preview. We also present a subsystem identification algorithm to model the control strategies that each subject uses on each trial. For the group with l-s preview, the average identified feedforward time delay is approximately 26 ms over the last ten trials, whereas the average identified feedforward time delay is approximately 284 ms over the last ten trials for the group without preview. For the group with preview, the average identified feedforward controller approximates the inverse dynamics of the system with which the subjects interact better after 40 trials than on the first trial. In contrast, for the group without preview, the average identified feedforward controller does not approximate the inverse dynamics of the system better after 40 trials.
ChemInform Abstract: METHODS FOR THE STEREOSELECTIVE CIS‐CYANOHYDROXYLATION AND ‐CARBOXYHYDROXYLATION OF OLEFINS (1983)

Abstract Chloral (I) liefert mit Hydroxylamin das Bis‐oxim (II), das mit Thionyl‐ Chlorid zu dem Nitril (III) dehydratisiert wird.