gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nexus-e: A platform of interfaced high-resolution models for energy-economic assessments of future electricity systems (2021)

Energy systems are transitioning toward sustainable power generation largely due to new policies that are motivated by climate and renewable generation targets. This transition is felt throughout the entire economy and is affecting the long and short term operations of the energy system. In the last decade, the research community has made significant efforts to model the energy transition and its impacts. Typically, these models focus on a limited subset of the different components of the energy-economic system, including investments in centralized and distributed generation, electricity markets, electric power grids, security of supply, and macro-economic effects. However, there are research questions that require the analysis of how these different aspects are connected to each other and how they may interact. Therefore, the research community has stressed the need to leverage models across domains to enhance the capabilities and robustness of their results. Due partly to the high complexity of combining models developed in tangential domains, few attempts have been made to model in full the interactions among the interdependent components of the energy-economic system. The Nexus-e: interconnected energy systems modeling platform aims to show how this gap can be filled by demonstrating that an interdisciplinary set of models can be integrated in a model framework by linking them through structured interfaces. This platform combines four bottom-up models that capture different aspects of the electricity system and one top-down macro-economic model to represent a much broader scope of the energy-economic system as compared to traditional stand-alone modeling approaches. In this paper, we study the benefits and limitations of the interfaces established among the modules in Nexus-e with reference to the Swiss electricity system in a European context. We demonstrate that prominent changes in operational behavior could drive investments and should therefore be assessed in a framework that considers both transmission and distribution systems in a coordinated manner. We show that the bottom-up investments and operations (transmission and distribution) can have an impact on the overall economy, which in response can affect the demand for electricity. Moreover, we demonstrate that the changes in generation mix and operation behaviors may have a significant impact on system security. For policymakers, the approach can provide spatially detailed power system transformation options that enable decisions that are socially, politically, and technically acceptable.
MEK plus PI3K/mTORC1/2 Therapeutic Efficacy Is Impacted by TP53 Mutation in Preclinical Models of Colorectal Cancer (2015)

Our data support that, in wild-type TP53 colorectal cancer cells with ERK and PI3K pathway alterations, MEK blockade results in potent p21 induction, preventing apoptosis to occur. In turn, mTORC1/2 inhibition blocks MEK inhibitor-mediated p21 induction, unleashing apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5499-510. ©2015 AACR.
Histologic and Histochemical Reactions in A Mouse Mammary Carcinoma Following Exposure to Combined Heat-Roentgen Irradiation (1975)

In mouse experiments a high curative effect on implanted tumours was obtained by successive application of low local heat and roentgen doses. Histologic and histochemical examinations of tumours so treated revealed a special reaction in the tissues. A total and rapid destruction of all hypoxic tumour tissue was observed and (in successful cases) a total blockade of all mitotic activity in euoxic tumour tissue was followed by a long-drawn necrobiotic decay of the existent tumour cells. The disturbances are electively bound to the tumour cells, only some normal tissues may secondarily be injured. A rapid and intensive lysosomal activity in all the tumour cells may probably be of importance in the reaction.
Design of an Enhanced Vector Network Analyzer (1997)

A liquid crystal display (LCD) reduces size and weight and has a larger viewing area. TRL (Thru-Reflect-Line) calibration allows measurement of components that do not have coaxial connectors. New software algorithms achieve faster acquisition and frequency tuning of the synthesized source to give faster updates of the measurement data.
M3: Multi-level dataset for Multi-document summarisation of Medical studies (2022)

We present M3 (Multi-level dataset for Multi-document summarisation of Medical studies), a benchmark dataset for evaluating the quality of summarisation systems in the biomedical domain. The dataset contains sets of multiple input documents and target summaries of three levels of complexity: documents, sentences, and propositions. The dataset also includes several levels of annotation, including biomedical entities, direction, and strength of relations between them, and the discourse relationships between the input documents ("contradiction" or "agreement"). We showcase usage scenarios of the dataset by testing 10 generic and domain-specific summarisation models in a zero-shot setting, and introduce a probing task based on counterfactuals to test if models are aware of the direction and strength of the conclusions generated from input studies.
A Fully Integrated, MEMS Based, Micro-Scale Printer for Cryogenic Thin Film Structures (2022)

Cryogenically produced thin film structures at the research scale facilitate many novels experiments. This paper discusses the construction of a fully integrated, MEMS based, printer, capable of printing micro and nano-scale features. In this millimeter-sized device, many features of a nanofab are incorporated to fabricate and characterize thin films in situ. The micro-scale printer comprises surface micromachined MEMS, digitally programmable source of atoms; a stencil lithograpghy tool that uses a MEMS nanopositioner for alignment; a substrate with on-chip leads for electrical characterization; a film thickness monitor; a substrate thermometer and heater. The device consists of three separate silicon die, flip-chip bonded to each other, forming a fully integrated, fabrication system of systems. This device creates micro and nano structures ranging from a few monolayers thick up to micron scale circuits. Applications range from searching for the Casimir Energy to the direct fabrication of quantum circuits, in situ, at cryogenic temperatures. [2022-0132]
Sparse-Clustered Network with Selective Decoding for Internet Traffic Classification (2016)

ISPs and network administrators use Internet Packet Classification (IPC) to categorize packets into flows (traffic sharing IP addresses, ports, and protocol), and thereby the application classes generating them. Distinguishing between safe and malicious traffic aids in network intrusion interception. Likewise, categorizing applications into classes is useful for traffic management for better service. Traditional IPC based on port numbers and payload pattern recognition are no longer effective because current applications can dynamically change port numbers and cipher their contents. Recent machine learning (ML) IPC solutions have speed-bounded accuracy, and complex implementation due to their dependence on packet sizes and order of arrival. We propose a new IPC approach that uses associative memory (AM) based on sparse-clustered network with selective decoding. Unlike ML approaches our solution takes bits extracted directly from the flow ID as input, which greatly reduces system complexity and cost. It achieves 85.1% accuracy, consumes only 516 Mbits of memory, and runs 387x faster than the state-of-the-art FPGA-implemented approach, which uses Support Vector Machines.
Delta compression for fast wireless Internet download (2005)

Delta compression (or differencing) algorithms take advantage of the statistical correlations between different files or packets so that common sequences between two files can be encoded using a copy reference. Delta compression forms the core of fast and efficient content download. In this paper, we present for the first time, a theoretical framework for delta compression based on information theory and Markov models, including insights into the compression bounds. We also simulated and implemented a generic delta compression scheme and demonstrated its real-time and non real-time performance by applying the scheme on binary data. It will be shown that our delta compression scheme is able to improve the real-time performance of wireless Internet download by up to 4 times.
Antibody to CD137 Activated by Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate Is Tumor Selective and Broadly Effective In Vivo without Systemic Immune Activation (2020)

Agonistic antibodies targeting CD137 have been clinically unsuccessful due to systemic toxicity. Because conferring tumor selectivity through tumor-associated antigen limits its clinical use to cancers that highly express such antigens, we exploited extracellular adenosine triphosphate (exATP), which is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment and highly elevated in solid tumors, as a broadly tumor-selective switch. We generated a novel anti-CD137 switch antibody, STA551, which exerts agonistic activity only in the presence of exATP. STA551 demonstrated potent and broad antitumor efficacy against all mouse and human tumors tested and a wide therapeutic window without systemic immune activation in mice. STA551 was well tolerated even at 150 mg/kg/week in cynomolgus monkeys. These results provide a strong rationale for the clinical testing of STA551 against a broad variety of cancers regardless of antigen expression, and for the further application of this novel platform to other targets in cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Reported CD137 agonists suffer from either systemic toxicity or limited efficacy against antigen-specific cancers. STA551, an antibody designed to agonize CD137 only in the presence of extracellular ATP, inhibited tumor growth in a broad variety of cancer models without any systemic toxicity or dependence on antigen expression.<i>See related commentary by Keenan and Fong, p. 20</i>.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1</i>.
Optimized Delivery System Achieves Enhanced Endomyocardial Stem Cell Retention (2013)

Modeling-guided development of a nitinol-based curved needle delivery system with incremental side holes achieved enhanced myocardial stem cell retention.
Accessibility as an Opportunity and Challenge for Intelligent User Interfaces (2021)

The World Health Organization estimates that over one billion people worldwide are disabled. Innovations at the intersection of AI and HCI have the potential to increase the accessibility of the digital and physical worlds for people experiencing long-term, temporary, and/or situational disabilities. Considering accessibility scenarios can illuminate opportunities and challenges for designers of intelligent user interfaces. In this keynote, I will use two scenarios to illustrate this concept: automatic alt text generation for images and augmentative and alternative communication technologies.
<title>Scale-, translation-, and rotation-invariant all-optical processor based on intensity-to-phase coding</title> (1993)

To our knowledge, the proposed concept is the first non-holographic all optical implementation of an invariant processor. Unlike most of the proposed invariance schemes, our processor works with gray level images, not just binary ones. This follows from the intensity transformation formalized in Eq. (6). Not only the shape of the object but also its intensity distribution can be analyzed for object identification. Nonlinear optical processing is the key element of our scheme.
Derivation and Characterization of Pathogenic Transmitted/Founder Molecular Clones from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVsmE660 and SIVmac251 following Mucosal Infection (2016)

Nonhuman primate research has relied on only a few infectious molecular clones for a myriad of diverse research projects, including pathogenesis, preclinical vaccine evaluations, transmission, and host-versus-pathogen interactions. With new data suggesting a selected phenotype of the virus that causes infection (i.e., the transmitted/founder virus), we sought to generate and characterize infectious molecular clones from two widely used simian immunodeficiency virus lineages (SIVmac251 and SIVsmE660). Although the exact requirements necessary to be a T/F virus are not yet fully understood, we generated cloned viruses with all the necessary characteristic of a successful T/F virus. The cloned viruses revealed typical acute and set point viral-load dynamics with pathological immune activation, lymphoid tissue damage progressing to significant immunodeficiency, and AIDS-defining clinical endpoints in some animals. These T/F clones represent a new molecular platform for studies requiring authentic T/F viruses.
The pathogenicity of islet-infiltrating lymphocytes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse (1999)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathogenic properties of islet-infiltrating lymphocytes related to the severity of the autoimmune destruction of islet beta-cells in the NOD mouse. We analysed the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) produced by adoptive transfer of islet lymphocytes from NOD into NOD.scid mice. Here we show that the transfer was most effective when both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were present in the infiltrate, but CD4+ T cells alone were sufficient to cause the disease. Islet lymphocytes from both females and males transferred diabetes effectively, but the severity of IDDM was higher when female islet lymphocytes were used. Unexpectedly, the sensitivity of male islets to beta-cell damage was greater than that of female islets. Treatment of NOD females with a peptide of heat shock protein (hsp)60, p277, known to protect NOD mice from IDDM, reduced the pathogenicity of the islet lymphocytes. In contrast, administration of cyclophosphamide to males, a treatment that accelerates the disease, rendered the islet lymphocytes more pathogenic. More severe disease in the recipient NOD.scid mice was associated with more interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-secreting islet T cells of the NOD donor. The disease induced by islet lymphocytes was strongly inhibited by co-transfer of spleen cells from prediabetic mice, emphasizing the regulatory role of peripheral lymphocytes. Thus, the cellular characteristics of the islet infiltrate and the pathogenicity of the cells are subject to complex regulation.
Direct electron beam writing of kinoform micro-axicon for generation of propagation-invariant beams with long non-diffracting distance (2007)

To enhance the non-diffracting distance of propagation-invariant beams, fabrication of an axicon with large aperture diameter and height is essential. It is noted, however, that fabrication of continuous surface profile micro-optical elements with a large physical height (thick resist) is prone to various fabrication constraints and errors. We employ the kinoform technique to alleviate such problems in the fabrication of axicons. In this paper kinoform micro-axicons and kinoform micro-double-axicons are designed and fabricated employing electron beam lithography techniques to generate a Bessel beam and a self-imaged bottle beam with long non-diffracting distance. Furthermore, a detailed study of power conversion efficiency of kinoform structures is discussed.
Was It There All the Time? (2003)

The complement system is old, yet it may still have something new to teach us. For many years, research has existed which shows that C3d, in addition to its established role as an adjuvant, could have an immunosuppressive activity. Being true, it suggests that a common mechanism may be used both by organisms and by their pathogens to prevent unwanted immune responses.
Numerical Analysis to Improve the Stabilized-Efficiency of Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells with New Device Structure (2001)

Numerical analysis using a Scharfetter and Gummel solution of Poisson's equation is carried out to find new device structures in order to increase the stabilized-efficiency of amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells. The relationship between density of acceptor states in absorber-layer ( N A ) and the characteristics of a-Si solar cells are calculated. It is found that stabilized-efficiency is increased when the distribution of electrons, holes and electric field inside the absorber-layer were controlled. In this study, carrier concentration of i-layer, p/i interface and i/n interface are investigated by calculation. As a result, stabilized-efficiency of 8.1% of a conventional a-Si solar cell could establish a high stabilized-efficiency of 9.3% by increasing the N A as same as the density of defect states in i-layer and also by applying partially doping near p-side of i-layer.
Improved Scuffing Resistance of Marine Cylinder Oil under High Temperature Condition (2006)

The recent trend to increase the efficiency and output of large two-stroke diesel engines raises the lubrication severity of the piston ring and the cylinder liner. The temperature of the cylinder liner also tends to increase, keeping the sulphuric acid above its dew point to reduce corrosive wear. One of the most important issues in this context is to prevent severe wear and scuffing under high temperature conditions. The present study was carried out to find out how scuffing resistance of the cylinder oil could be improved using a pin-on-disk type reciprocative sliding test equipment, in which test conditions of high speed, high temperature and oil starvation were similar to those seen in large diesel engines. The relationship between scuffing resistance and total base number (TBN) of the cylinder oil varies greatly depending on the oil feed rate. Under fully flooded lubrication condition, increasing total base number of the cylinder oil is effective in improving scuffing resistance. Under oil starved lubrication condition, however, the usage of high TBN oil results in low scuffing resistance when compared to low TBN oil because of the inferior oil film spreading of high TBN oil. The usage of an oil spreading improver and a heat resisting dispersant, both which enhance oil film spreading under high temperature condition, as well as an extreme pressure agent was found to raise the scuffing resistance of high TBN oil.
Measurement of the cross-section for Z → e+e- production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV (2013)

A bstract A measurement of the cross-section for pp → Z → e + e − is presented using data at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.94 fb −1 . The process is measured within the kinematic acceptance p T &gt; 20 GeV/ c and 2 &lt; η &lt; 4.5 for the daughter electrons and dielectron invariant mass in the range 60–120 GeV/ c 2 . The cross-section is determined to be $\sigma \left( {\mathrm{pp}\to \mathrm{Z}\to {{\mathrm{e}}^{+}}{{\mathrm{e}}^{-}}} \right)=76.0\pm 0.8\pm 2.0\pm 2.6\;\mathrm{pb}$ where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic and the third is the uncertainty in the luminosity. The measurement is performed as a function of Z rapidity and as a function of an angular variable which is closely related to the Z transverse momentum. The results are compared with previous LHCb measurements and with theoretical predictions from QCD.
SDX (2014)

BGP severely constrains how networks can deliver traffic over the Internet. Today's networks can only forward traffic based on the destination IP prefix, by selecting among routes offered by their immediate neighbors. We believe Software Defined Networking (SDN) could revolutionize wide-area traffic delivery, by offering direct control over packet-processing rules that match on multiple header fields and perform a variety of actions. Internet exchange points (IXPs) are a compelling place to start, given their central role in interconnecting many networks and their growing importance in bringing popular content closer to end users. To realize a Software Defined IXP (an "SDX"), we need new programming abstractions that allow participating networks to create and run these applications and a runtime that both behaves correctly when interacting with BGP and ensures that applications do not interfere with each other. We must also ensure that the system scales, both in rule-table size and computational overhead. In this demo, we show how we tackle these challenges demonstrating the flexibility and scalability of our SDX platform. The paper also appears in the main program.
On the Stability Region of Multi-Queue Multi-Server Queueing Systems\n with Stationary Channel Distribution (2011)

In this paper, we characterize the stability region of multi-queue\nmulti-server (MQMS) queueing systems with stationary channel and packet arrival\nprocesses. Toward this, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the\nstability of the system are derived under general arrival processes with finite\nfirst and second moments. We show that when the arrival processes are\nstationary, the stability region form is a polytope for which we explicitly\nfind the coefficients of the linear inequalities which characterize the\nstability region polytope.\n
Additional Screening and Treatment of Malaria During Pregnancy Provides Further Protection Against Malaria and Nonmalarial Fevers During the First Year of Life (2018)

Our findings indicate that CSST/IPTp-SP strategy may provide additional protection against both malaria and NMFs in infants during the first year of life, and suggest that malaria control interventions during pregnancy could have long-term benefits in infants.
Rapid On-Demand Extracellular Vesicle Augmentation with Versatile Oligonucleotide Tethers (2019)

Exosomes show potential as ideal vehicles for drug delivery because of their natural role in transferring biological cargo between cells. However, current methods to engineer exosomes without negatively impacting their function remain challenging. Manipulating exosome-secreting cells is complex and time-consuming, while direct functionalization of exosome surface proteins suffers from low specificity and low efficiency. We demonstrate a rapid, versatile, and scalable method with oligonucleotide tethers to enable diverse surface functionalization on both human and murine exosomes. These exosome surface modifiers, which range from reactive functional groups and small molecules to aptamers and large proteins, can readily and efficiently enhance native exosome properties. We show that cellular uptake of exosomes can be specifically altered with a tethered AS1411 aptamer, and targeting specificity can be altered with a tethered protein. We functionalize exosomes with an immunomodulatory protein, FasL, and demonstrate their biological activity both in vitro and in vivo. FasL-functionalized exosomes, when bioprinted on a collagen matrix, allows spatial induction of apoptosis in tumor cells and, when injected in mice, suppresses proliferation of alloreactive T cells. This oligonucleotide tethering strategy is independent of the exosome source and further circumvents the need to genetically modify exosome-secreting cells.