gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in Peritoneal Dialytic Effluent: Preliminary Results on the Comparison between Two Different Methods in Patients with and without Peritonitis (2022)

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a lipocalin involved in the immune response and is significantly high in the peritoneal dialytic effluent (PDE) of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with inflammation of the peritoneum membrane (peritonitis). The focus of this study was to match two different techniques for peritoneal NGAL evaluation: NGAL point-of-care test-POCT (NGAL Dipstick—NGALds) versus the laboratory-based NGAL assay and with the white cell count in PDE. In this study, we included 30 PD patients: 17 with peritonitis and 13 without. Peritoneal NGAL was tested by a turbidimetric immunoassay and by NGALds. We noticed a good positive linear correlation between the POCT results and the laboratory-based test and between the peritoneal NGALds and white cell count in PDE (both, p &lt; 0.01). NGALds values resulted in being elevated in patients with peritonitis (300 ng/mL, IQR 300–600) in comparison to patients without (100 ng/mL, IQR 50–150) (p &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, the NGALds test was performed in a median time of 20 mins (IQR 18–21) in comparison with the median time of 65 mins (IQR 55–69) necessary for the laboratory-based test (p &lt; 0.01). The results of the NGALds were coherent with the laboratory-based NGAL and with the white cell count in PDE; furthermore, it was a user-friendly method with real-time findings. NGALds could be an extra tool for the diagnosis of peritonitis, helpful at the bedside of the patient, shortening the length of diagnosis, and if the laboratory-based NGAL test is not accessible.
Novel Designs for On-chip Mid-Infrared Detectors Integrated with Chalcogenide Waveguides (2011)

We present novel designs with corresponding simulation and measurement results showing a reduction in reflection for a waveguide-integrated on-chip detector for the mid-infrared regime using chalcogenide glass waveguides integrated with a PbTe detector.
High bandwidth in-line polarization maintaining fiber polarimeter (2010)

We demonstrate an all-fiber polarimeter with a single calibration bandwidth of more than 30 nm. Our fiber polarimeter also has matched electrical gain bandwidths in excess of 500 MHz.
Joint power control, beamforming and BS assignment for optimal SIR assignment (2009)

This paper considers the open problem of joint power control, beamforming, and base station assignment to achieve an optimal SIR assignment in uplink cellular networks. The adaptive beamforming and adaptive base station assignment strategies in addition to power control will broaden the feasible SIR region. The problem is challenging, since the feasible SIR region is the union of regions from all possible combinations of beamformer and base station assignment, which is generally not log-convex. By using concave interference function property, the Pareto boundary of the feasible SIR region of joint power control, beamforming, and base station assignment is characterized. Since the optimal SIR assignment solution must lie on the Pareto boundary of the feasible SIR region to achieve the highest possible efficiency, the optimization problem can be reduced to the optimization along the Pareto optimal boundary. Thus instead of searching the operating point over the whole feasible SIR region, a distributed greedy algorithm that searches a possible optimal solution on the Pareto boundary is developed. From the simulation, we show that the performance gain obtained from joint power control, beamforming, and base station assignment is quite significant.
Equivalent diffusion effect due to the dielectric relaxation effect (1973)

The transport of a sheet of excess carriers in a conducting material having two types of mobile carriers is described in a small-signal approximation. It is shown that the carriers exhibit an equivalent diffusion in the drift direction due to the dielectric relaxation effect even in the absence of thermal diffusion, and that the total effective diffusion coefficient is given by the sum of the thermal diffusion coefficient and the two-carrier diffusion coefficient.
The Effect of the Elastic Body assumption on the Focusing of Ultrasounds in Inhomogeneous Media (2011)

Simulation of HIFU transmission in the human body is a useful method for High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) treatments. For HIFU simulation, it is important to establish a calculation system which can incorporate inhomogeneous media such as human cells, bones, and organs. In this research, we have assumed a linear elastic body for bones and organs, and constructed a fluid‐elastic coupled calculation code. We used the FDTD method for calculation. As a result, we have found the difference in HIFU transmission between elastic and fluid models.
Nonequilibrium discharges in atmospheric pressure air (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. There is considerable interest in finding methods to efficiently generate large volumes of atmospheric pressure air plasmas at temperatures below 2000 K with electron number densities of the order of 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/. Such plasmas can be produced by electrical discharges in which energy is applied to the free-electrons in a targeted fashion. Under appropriate conditions, the energized electrons can increase ionization through collisions without significantly heating the gas. This approach was successfully demonstrated in DC discharge experiments with low temperature atmospheric pressure air. Stable diffuse glow discharges were produced with electron number densities in excess of 10/sup 12/ cm, more than six orders of magnitude higher than in thermally heated 2000 K air. The measured discharge characteristics compare well with the predictions of a two-temperature kinetic model. The experimental and modeling results provide insight into the mechanisms of ionization of two-temperature air plasmas and show that the steady-state electron number density exhibits an S-shaped dependence on the electron temperature, a behavior resulting from competition between ionization and charge transfer reactions. DC discharges are not always practical because of their large power requirements. We recently showed that the power budget can be reduced by several orders of magnitude using short repetitive high-voltage pulses. Because inelastic energy losses, per electron created, are orders of magnitude smaller at Te=3-5 eV than at 1 eV, short pulses producing electron temperatures of 3-5 eV have much higher ionization efficiencies than typical 1 eV DC discharges. Between consecutive pulses, the plasma is sustained owing to the finite rate of electron recombination. A repetitively-pulsed discharge scheme was devised using these ideas and experiments are in progress in our laboratory with a 100 kHz, 12 kV, 10 ns pulse generator. Experimental and modeling results of these repetitively pulsed discharges will be presented.
Alkaloids from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum and Their Anti-Inflammatory Effects on LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells (2018)

Alkaloids <b>1</b>⁻<b>10</b> were isolated from the aerial parts of <i>Tetrastigma hemsleyanum</i> (APTH) and obtained from species of the genus <i>Tetrastigma</i> for the first time. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified by NMR, UV, and MS analyses. Their anti-inflammatory activities were investigated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Among all the isolates, compounds <b>6</b>, <b>7</b> and <b>10</b> showed potent inhibitory activity against LPS-stimulated NO production in RAW264.7 cells (IC<sub>50</sub>: 31.9, 25.2 and 6.3 μM, respectively). Furthermore, APTH and <i>S</i>-(−)-trolline (<b>10</b>) inhibited induction of inflammatory cytokines or mediators such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) via suppression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) translocation into the nucleus. In addition, <b>10</b> suppressed extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. These results conclusively demonstrated that compound <b>10</b> displays anti-inflammatory activity via suppression of NF-κB activation and the ERK-MAPK signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
Cellular Immunotherapy of Canine Cancer (2018)

Infusions with immune cells, such as lymphocytes or natural killer (NK) cells, represent one of several modalities of immunotherapy. In human patients with advanced B-cell leukemia or lymphoma, infusions with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-lymphocytes have shown promising responses. However, the scientific and clinical development of cell-based therapies for dogs, who get cancer of similar types as humans, is lagging behind. One reason is that immune cells and their functionality in dogs are less well characterized, largely due a lack of canine-specific reagents to detect surface markers, and specific cytokines to isolate and expand their immune cells. This review summarizes the current status of canine cancer immunotherapies, with focus on autologous and allogeneic T-lymphocytes, as well as NK cells, and discusses potential initiatives that would allow therapies with canine immune cells to "catch up" with the advances in humans.
An Alternative Method for the Cooling of Power Microelectronics Using Classical Refrigeration (2005)

Classical refrigeration using vapor compression has been widely applied over the last decades to large-scale industrial systems, with few known applications to the microelectronics cooling field, due to the small size limitation. The present study proposes an efficient mechanical refrigeration system to actively cool the electronic components populating a Printed Circuit Board in High-Power Microelectronics System. The proposed system includes several miniaturized components — compressor, evaporator, condenser — part of a refrigeration system designed to fit the smaller scale power electronics. The system is thermally optimized to reach high COP (Coefficients of Performance). An array of micro-channels is used for the evaporator/condenser units. A previous study indicated that the R-134s refrigerant provides the best COP/feasibility ratio, while being the most suitable for microelectronics applications [1]. The present study develops an analytical model of the proposed small scale vapor compression refrigerator using the R-134a refrigerant. The refrigeration system is thermally optimized for cooling powers ranging from 20–100W, with the COP of the system reaching values up to 4.5. In the final section of the study, the efficiency of the proposed system is further compared to existing active cooling techniques using Thermoelectric Coolers (TEC). The advantages of the proposed system are highlighted, establishing a baseline performance vs. size relationship for vapor-compression refrigerators, to serve as the basis for comparison for future miniaturized refrigeration systems.
Efficacy and safety of one intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in diabetic macular oedema – authors’ reply (2009)

Editor, We thank Dr Kumar et al. (2009) for their interest in our report, ‘Efficacy and safety of one intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in diabetic macular oedema’ (Fang et al. 2008). We reanalysed our data from our cases of diabetic macular oedema with a serous macular detachment and have some additional information about our patients. Eleven (29%) of 38 cases of diabetic macular oedema reported in our article had a serous macular detachment. The mean height of the serous macular detachment decreased significantly at 3 months after an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab compared to before the injection (197 ± 106 and 76 ± 94 μm, respectively; p = 0.002). The mean central retinal thickness also decreased significantly at 3 months compared to before the injection (578 ± 205 and 394± 175 μm, respectively; p =0.047). However, in four cases (36%), the height of the serous macular detachment still exceeded 150 μm; in six cases (55%), the central retinal thickness still exceeded 300 μm at 3 months. There was no significant difference in the best-corrected visual acuity before the injection and 3 months after the injection. We found that visual acuity improved more than two lines 3 months after the injection of bevacizumab in only four cases (36%). An intravitreal injection of bevacizumab seems to be effective in reducing serous macular detachments in some patients but is ineffective in increasing visual acuity. However, this study had a small number of cases, including patients who had undergone vitrectomy or been treated with panretinal photocoagulation. Therefore, we should evaluate more cases as well as cases with a longer follow-up to determine the efficacy of an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for this condition.
Phase error estimation and correction in acoustic microscopy (1990)

Consideration is given to the phase error estimation and correction problem in tomographic acoustic microscopy. In a recent paper, Z.C. Lin and G. Wade (ibid., vol.ASSP-35, p.1037-45, July 1987) modeled the phase error as a constant and proposed a single-sideband technique for its correction. The present authors point out that the phase error is not a constant, and that the single-sideband technique removes only the effect of the error in the displayed image. They propose a new method for estimating and correcting the spatially varying phase error. The method is demonstrated for experimental data from the scanning laser and acoustic microscope.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
DERIVES N-DIETHYLGERMANIES DU 3-AMINO 2-THIOPHOATE DE METHYLE (1991)

Abstract 3-diethylchlorogermylamino 2-methylthiophoate was synthesized by intermolecular dehydrochlorination between diethyldichlorogermane and 3-amino 2-methylthiophoate (TPNH2) in the presence of triethyl-amine. It was observed that the (TPNH—) group enhance the reactivity of the germanium-halogen bond and allows an easy synthesis of gem-diamine Et2Ge(NHTP)2 and germazane (Et2GeNTP)2. With two equivalents of methanol the germazane (Et2GeNTP)2 presents consecutive selective cleavage reactions which can be interpreted in terms of steric decompression and enhancement of the electrophilic character of the germanium center in the intermediary compound Et2(OMe)Ge—NTP—GeEt2—NHTP. Le 3-diéthylchlorogermylamino 2-thiophoate de méthyle a été synthétisé par réaction de déchlorhydratation intermoléculaire entre le diéthyl dichlorogermane et le 3-amino 2-thiophoate de méthyle (TPNH2) en présence de triéthylamine. Nous avons observé que le groupement (TPNH—) présente un effet activant sur la liaison germanium-halogène, permettant d'atteindre assez facilement les gemdiamine Et2Ge(NHTP)2 et germazane (Et2GeNTP)2 correspondants. Le germazane (Et2GeNTP)2 présente une orientation sélective de ses réactions successives de clivage par deux équivalents de méthanol pouvant s'interpréter en termes de décompression stérique et d'accroissement de l'électrophilie du centre germanié dans le dérivé Et2(OMe)Ge—NTP—GeEt2—NHTP intermédiairement formé.
Spatial variation of perfusion MRI reflects cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment and early dementia (2021)

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured with arterial spin labelling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reflects cerebral perfusion, related to metabolism, and arterial transit time (ATT), related to vascular health. Our aim was to investigate the spatial coefficient of variation (sCoV) of CBF maps as a surrogate for ATT, in volunteers meeting criteria for subjective cognitive decline (SCD), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Whole-brain pseudo continuous ASL MRI was performed at 3 T in 122 participants (controls = 20, SCD = 44, MCI = 45 and AD = 13) across three sites in New Zealand. From CBF maps that included all grey matter, sCoV progressively increased across each group with increased cognitive deficit. A similar overall trend was found when examining sCoV solely in the temporal lobe. We conclude that sCoV, a simple to compute imaging metric derived from ASL MRI, is sensitive to varying degrees of cognitive changes and supports the view that vascular health contributes to cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease.
(+)-epi-α-Bisbolol Is the Wound-Healing Principle of Peperomia galioides: Investigation of the in Vivo Wound-Healing Activity of Related Terpenoids (2001)

Bioassay-guided investigation of the ethanol extract of Peperomia galioides using a tensile strength method in mice as a monitor led to the isolation of epi-alpha-bisabolol (1) (ED(50) 155 microg/mL). An in vivo healing study of selected commercially available monoterpenoids yielded two bioactive compounds, alpha-bisabolol (2) and alpha-terpineol (3) (ED(50) of 228 and 240 microg/g mouse[corrected], respectively).
The Functional Differences between the GroEL Chaperonin of Escherichia coli and the HtpB Chaperonin of Legionella pneumophila Can Be Mapped to Specific Amino Acid Residues (2021)

Group I chaperonins are a highly conserved family of essential proteins that self-assemble into molecular nanoboxes that mediate the folding of cytoplasmic proteins in bacteria and organelles. GroEL, the chaperonin of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, is the archetype of the family. Protein folding-independent functions have been described for numerous chaperonins, including HtpB, the chaperonin of the bacterial pathogen <i>Legionella pneumophila</i>. Several protein folding-independent functions attributed to HtpB are not shared by GroEL, suggesting that differences in the amino acid (aa) sequence between these two proteins could correlate with functional differences. GroEL and HtpB differ in 137 scattered aa positions. Using the Evolutionary Trace (ET) bioinformatics method, site-directed mutagenesis, and a functional reporter test based upon a yeast-two-hybrid interaction with the eukaryotic protein ECM29, it was determined that out of those 137 aa, ten (M68, M212, S236, K298, N507 and the cluster AEHKD in positions 471-475) were involved in the interaction of HtpB with ECM29. GroEL was completely unable to interact with ECM29, but when GroEL was modified at those 10 aa positions, to display the HtpB aa, it acquired a weak ability to interact with ECM29. This constitutes proof of concept that the unique functional abilities of HtpB can be mapped to specific aa positions.
Voltage Sourced Reversible Rectifiers - Applications and Technology (1991)

The rectification of ac power into dc is an integral part of most modem electrical systems, but its widespread use has prompted concern amongst power supply authorities over the growing levels of harmonic pollution appearing in power systems due to conventional diode/thyristor based devices. Prompted by these concerns, switching rectifier topologies employing gate turn-off devices such as transistors have been developed, that provide unity power factor operation with total suppression of harmonics. In special cases bidirectional power transfer between the ac side and a fully regulated dc side is also possible, and consequently these have been designated reversible rectifiers. Depending on the nature of the dc side these reversible rectifiers can be classified into either current sourced or voltage sourced categories, but it is the latter which is the focus of this paper. The two principal control schemes used in voltage sourced reversible rectifiers (VSRRs), namely current forced and voltage forced control, are explained in this paper and their respective advantages summarised. The paper describes both single and three-phase VSRR topologies, and outlines the user benefits that may be obtained by incorporating a VSRR in applications such as motor drives, uninterruptible power supplies, and reactive power compensation.
EZH2 is a mediator of EWS/FLI1 driven tumor growth and metastasis blocking endothelial and neuro-ectodermal differentiation (2009)

Ewing tumors (ET) are highly malignant, localized in bone or soft tissue, and are molecularly defined by ews/ets translocations. DNA microarray analysis revealed a relationship of ET to both endothelium and fetal neural crest. We identified expression of histone methyltransferase enhancer of Zeste, Drosophila, Homolog 2 (EZH2) to be increased in ET. Suppressive activity of EZH2 maintains stemness in normal and malignant cells. Here, we found EWS/FLI1 bound to the EZH2 promoter in vivo, and induced EZH2 expression in ET and mesenchymal stem cells. Down-regulation of EZH2 by RNA interference in ET suppressed oncogenic transformation by inhibiting clonogenicity in vitro. Similarly, tumor development and metastasis was suppressed in immunodeficient Rag2(-/-)gamma(C)(-/-) mice. EZH2-mediated gene silencing was shown to be dependent on histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Subsequent microarray analysis of EZH2 knock down, HDAC-inhibitor treatment and confirmation in independent assays revealed an undifferentiated phenotype maintained by EZH2 in ET. EZH2 regulated stemness genes such as nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), as well as genes involved in neuroectodermal and endothelial differentiation (EMP1, EPHB2, GFAP, and GAP43). These data suggest that EZH2 might have a central role in ET pathology by shaping the oncogenicity and stem cell phenotype of this tumor.
OFFSHORE PIPELINE ANCHORING SYSTEM (1967)

The design features of a submerged pipeline anchoring unit developed in response to the need for a more reliable design, are discussed in this paper. Such a need was evidenced by the displacement of Southern Union Gas Company's 14-inch gas pipeline across Galveston Bay as a result of Hurricane Carla in 1962. The pipeline anchor developed and discussed in this report, is designed to pin the pipeline on the ocean floor or in a jetted trench. The pipe is designed to sink to the bottom; then two special offshore multi-helix anchors and a formed padded bracket are installed over the pipe. A high powered hydraulic unit is used to install both anchors simultaneously, minimizing installation effort. Holding capacity theories; such as the cone of earth theory are discussed as they relate to the concept developed herein. Results of an evaluation test program for this anchor design are examined. The author's remarks are concluded with a brief discussion of the economic advantages to be realized by implementing this pipeline anchoring system.
Scaleup of Cu(InGa)Se2 Thin-Film Coevaporative Physical Vapor Deposition Process, 2. Evaporation Source Design (2009)

We recently presented the development and experimental validation of two models that are essential for effective commercial-scale source design for Cu(InGa)Se2 thin film coevaporative physical vapor deposition processes: a three-dimensional thermal model of the evaporation source, and a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC)-method-based effusion model. We showed that these models can be used to obtain reasonably accurate melt temperature dynamics and nozzle effusion flow properties. We now present how these simulation tools are used to develop a scale-up methodology for the effective commercialization of the pilot-scale physical vapor deposition (PVD) process at the University of Delaware’s Institute of Energy Conversion (IEC). We illustrate the methodology using two commercial-scale source design studies: a three-nozzle single source and a four-nozzle modular source. We also show that the proposed source designs are robust to modeling errors and the important process parameter of the source-to-substrate distance.
Electroluminescence of highly doped Ge pnn diodes for Si integrated lasers (2011)

Edge-emission electroluminescence from waveguide Ge-on-Si pnn heterojunction diode structures is demonstrated. Selective growth of highly phosphorus doped Ge in oxide trenches shows promise as a design for electrically pumped laser on Si.