gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactions of Vinyl Acetate and Vinyl Trifluoroacetate with Cationic Diimine Pd(II) and Ni(II) Alkyl Complexes:  Identification of Problems Connected with Copolymerizations of These Monomers with Ethylene (2005)

Vinyl acetate (VA) and vinyl trifluoroacetate (VA(f)) react with [(NwedgeN)Pd(Me)(L)][X] (M = Pd, Ni, (NwedgeN) = N,N'-1,2-acenaphthylenediylidene bis(2,6-dimethyl aniline), Ar(f) = 3,5-trifluoromethyl phenyl, L = Ar(f)CN, Et2O; X = B(Ar(f))4-, SbF6-) to form pi-adducts 3 and 5 at -40 degrees C. Binding affinities relative to ethylene have been determined. Migratory insertion occurs in a 2,1 fashion (DeltaG++ = 19.4 kcal/mol, 0 degrees C for VA, and 17.4 kcal/mol, -40 degrees C for VA(f)) to yield five-membered chelate complexes [(NwedgeN)Pd(kappa2-CH(Et)(OC(O)-CH3))]+, 4, and [(NwedgeN)Pd(kappa2-CH(Et)(OC(O)CF3))]+, 6. When VA is added to [(NwedgeN)Ni(CH3)]+, an equilibrium mixture of an eta2 olefin complex, 8c, and a kappa-oxygen complex, 8o, results. Insertion occurs from the eta2 olefin complex, 8c (DeltaG++ = 15.5 kcal/mol, -51 degrees C), in both a 2,1 and a 1,2 fashion to generate a mixture of five- and six-membered chelates, 9(2,1) and 9(1,2). VA(f) inserts into the Ni-CH3 bond (-80 degrees C) to form a five-membered chelate with no detectable intermediate. Thermolysis of the Pd chelates results in beta-acetate elimination from 4 (DeltaG++ = 25.5 kcal/mol, 60 degrees C) and beta-trifluoroacetate elimination from 6 (DeltaG = 20.5 kcal/mol, 10 degrees C). The five-membered Ni chelate, 9(2,1), is quite stable at room temperature, but the six-membered chelate, 9(1,2), undergoes beta-elimination at -34 degrees C. Treatment of the OAc(f) containing Pd chelate 6 with ethylene results in complete opening to the pi-complex [(NwedgeN)Pd(kappa2-CH(Et)(OAc(f)))(CH2CH2)]+ (OAc(f) = OC(O)CF3), 18, while reaction of the OAc containing Pd chelate 4 with ethylene establishes an equilibrium between 4 and the open form 16, strongly favoring the closed chelate 4 (DeltaH = -4.1 kcal/mol, DeltaS = -23 eu, K = 0.009 M(-1) at 25 degrees C). The open chelates undergo migratory insertion at much slower rates relative to those of the simple (NwedgeN)Pd(CH3)(CH2CH2)+ analogue. These quantitative studies provide an explanation for the behavior of VA and VA(f) in attempted copolymerizations with ethylene.
Development of a repair process for manmade structures in space by using aluminium brazing and friction stir spot welding (2019)

Small-sized parts and micrometeoroids’ impacts represent an increasing threat to artificial components/structures. The damages caused by them can be fixed using e.g., mechanical fixture with epoxy adhesive. However, the repair process is costly and only intended for a temporary fixing the penetration. In order to increase the life time of the repair, an approach for a more reliable process using similar materials is needed. The objective of this work is to develop a process for repairing manmade structures in space by generating joint properties similar to the base material. In this work, two approaches for repairing complex structures were considered. The first approach aims to fill a hole using liquid aluminium phases by brazing, and the second approach aims to fill the holes by a solid-state process (friction stir spot welding). In this study, different binding mechanisms of these two approaches were analyzed preliminarily by means of mechanical and/or metallographic characterization under terrestrial, controlled atmosphere conditions. Both concepts are proven feasible under these conditions. It has been shown that it is possible to realize a good filling of the hole with the investigated materials and under selected process conditions with both presented concepts.
Exploiting In-Situ NMR to Monitor the Formation of a Metal-Organic Framework (2019)

The formation processes of metal-organic frameworks are increasingly widely researched using in-situ techniques, although there remains a scarcity of NMR studies in the field. In this work, the synthesis of MFM-500(Ni) has been investigated using the Combined Liquid- And Solid-State In‑situ Crystallization NMR strategy, which provides information on the time-evolution of both solid and liquid phases during crystallization. In our NMR study, the liquid-phase NMR data recorded as a function of time at five fixed temperatures afford qualitative information on the solution-phase processes and quantitative information on the kinetic parameters of crystallization, allowing the activation energies for nucleation and growth to be determined. Ex-situ SAXS studies provide complementary nanoscale information on the rapid self-assembly prior to crystallisation, and in-situ PXRD confirms that the only crystalline phase present during the reaction is phase-pure MFM-500(Ni).
Reproducibility of a combined artificial intelligence and optimal-surface graph-cut method to automate bronchial parameter extraction (2023)

• Deep learning combined with optimal-surface graph-cut provides accurate airway lumen and wall segmentations on low-dose CT scans. • Analysis of repeat scans showed that the automated tools had moderate-to-good reproducibility of bronchial measurements down to the 6<sup>th</sup> generation airway. • Automated measurement of bronchial parameters enables the assessment of large datasets with less man-hours.
Abstract 1728: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) impairs treatment of intrahepatic metastases with CD4+ T cell dependent RNA vaccine (2018)

Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in Western industrialized countries. NAFLD along with its advanced form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are becoming an increasing risk factor for the development of cirrhosis and subsequently for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We showed a selective CD4+ T cell loss in mice fed with methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet, a model to induce NASH (Ma et al. Nature 2016). This selective loss of CD4 T cells may not only lead to immune escape by tumor cells but also lessen the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Kreiter et al. created a RNA vaccine from B16 melanoma cells encoding the neo-epitope M30, which is presented by MHC class II and recognized by CD4+ T cells. The vaccine showed therapeutic immune response in mouse models of subcutaneous B16-tumors and lung metastases (Kreiter et al. Nature 2015). Here we present an in vivo study of M30 RNA vaccine in a mouse model of B16 melanoma liver metastasis induced by intrahepatic injection. Mice were separated into groups and fed regular chow or MCD diet. B16F10-GFP-Luc melanoma cells were intrahepatically injected and mice were treated with M30 RNA or irrelevant RNA as control via tail vein injection. Intrahepatic tumor growth was monitored by bioluminescence imaging over the course of treatment. Mice were sacrificed and immunomonitoring of tumor surrounding liver tissue and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) was performed. Mice treated with M30 RNA vaccine showed reduced tumor growth of intrahepatic metastasis compared to irrelevant RNA. Mice fed MCD diet could not control tumor growth either receiving M30 RNA vaccine treatment or irrelevant RNA. This impaired function of the treatment was related to a loss of CD4+ T cells in the NASH liver and a more immunosuppressive immune cell phenotype in the tumor environment. This study indicates impaired efficacy of cancer immunotherapy due to fatty liver disease and subsequently changed immune response due to loss of CD4+ T cells as the main effector immune cell. As the M30 RNA vaccine reduced tumor growth in non-fatty liver, this data might be considered when planning future immunotherapy treatment strategies for comorbid patients with fatty liver disease as CD4+ T cell based treatment strategies might be impaired in patients with NASH. Citation Format: Bernd Heinrich, Zachary J. Brown, Vormehr Mathias, Qiong Fu, Chi Ma, Su Jong Yu, Ugur Sahin, Tim F. Greten. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) impairs treatment of intrahepatic metastases with CD4+ T cell dependent RNA vaccine [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1728.
Serum gamma‐interferon‐inducing factor (IL‐18) and IL‐10 levels in patients with acute hepatitis and fulminant hepatic failure (2002)

These results suggest that IL-18 and IFN-gamma are involved in the pathogenesis of acute hepatic injury in humans, and that, in particular, elevated serum levels of IL-10 may be predictive of improved outcomes for these patients.
Space–Time Spreading and Block Coding for Correlated Fading Channels in the Presence of Interference (2005)

We consider point-to-point wireless links with multiple antennas in the presence of interference, and exploit channel's spatial correlation and the temporal covariance of the interference to design multiantenna transmitters. We develop a space-time spreading scheme that maximizes average signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio, and an optimally power-loaded space-time beamforming (STBF) scheme which improves error-probability performance. In order to increase transmission rates, we combine orthogonal space-time block coding with STBF, optimize power loading across beams, and develop low-complexity receivers. Optimal training for least-squares error channel estimation, and STBF for minimum mean-square error channel estimation, are also studied. Our analytical and simulated results corroborate that STBF with optimal power loading can considerably reduce error probability and channel-estimation errors.
Monitoring therapeutic response to TKIs in breast cancer by use of imaging peptides (2008)

11002 Background: Rapid assessment of cancer response to a therapeutic regimen can determine efficacy early in the course of treatment. Here we simultaneously assess response in all sites of disease within days of starting therapy by use of peptide ligands selected for their ability to discern responding from non-responding cancers. Methods: MDA-MB-231 breast cancer was studied in the cerebrum, lung, Liver and axilla of nude mice. The tumor bearing mice were treated with VEGFR TKIs for one hour. Cy7-labeled HVGGSSV peptide was injected intravenously 4 hours after treatment. The peptide binding (relative radiance) was correlated to tumor response (tumor volume fold change). mice were treated with SU11248 doses of 0, 4 or 40 mg/Kg daily for 14 days. Tumor volumes were measured by use of calipers. Peptide was imaged by use of near infrared (NIR) using Xenogen IVIS. Results: HVGGSSV peptide binding was not detected in untreated tumors. Tumors treated with TKIs showed NIR imaging of peptide binding within 24 hours of injection. The NIR images show Cy7 labeled peptide binding within treated tumors but no binding to untreated control tumors. All tumors showed significant increase in radiance compared to untreated controls (p<0.05). The sensitivity of detecting responsive tumors was 40 out of 42 responding mouse tumors detected by HVGGSSV radiance. In comparison, 0 of 26 non-responding or untreated tumors showed increased peptide radiance within tumors (p<0.001). To determine whether radiance from peptide binding in tumors correlated with tumor response, we studied the dose-dependent response to SU11248 in MDA-MB231. Tumors responded to high dose treatment (40 mg/kg SU11248), but not 4 mg/kg, when treated with SU11248 alone. After the first treatment, Cy7-labeled peptide was injected intravenously into tumor-bearing mice. NIR images were captured and radiance from peptide binding in tumors was measured. A linear correlation (R2=0.8684) was found for peptide binding and tumor response to treatment. Conclusions: Rapid noninvasive assessment of cancer response promises to speed drug development and minimize the duration of treatment with ineffective regimens in cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A 90 mW MPEG4 video codec LSI with the capability for core profile (2002)

A single-chip MPEG4 video codec LSI with 20 Mb embedded DRAM performs a QCIF 15 Hz H.263 codec, a Simple at L1 codec, and Core at L1 decoding. It consumes 90 mW at 54 MHz. This chip integrates a programmable DSP, 8 dedicated hardware engines, and interface units on a 75.68 mm/sup 2/ die using 0.18 /spl mu/m 1.8 V quad-metal CMOS technology.
Fast RSFQ and ERSFQ Parallel Counters (2020)

Historically one of the most challenging high-speed rapid single flux quantum circuits to implement has been a parallel counter that sums a set of unweighted inputs and produces a binary-weighted word at the same clock rate. A 7-to-3 parallel counter that sums seven inputs has been designed and tested at the target clock frequency of 40 GHz and at frequencies up to 50 GHz using its own dedicated testbed. Yielded in both 10- and 20-kA/cm2 current densities using MIT Lincoln Laboratory's foundry, this 7-to-3 summing circuit has become a digital circuit benchmark. Most recently, a version with 15 parallel inputs producing a 4-bit output at the same target frequency was designed by combining 2 variants of 8-to-4 parallel counters. The first variant based on the 7-to-3 parallel counter, sums eight unweighted inputs, whereas the second variant sums two 4-bit binary-weighted words by pairwise summing of bits of equal weights. Design considerations for scaling this circuit will be discussed together with the circuit performance and yield.
Can far memory improve job throughput? (2020)

As memory requirements grow, and advances in memory technology slow, the availability of sufficient main memory is increasingly the bottleneck in large compute clusters. One solution to this is memory disaggregation, where jobs can remotely access memory on other servers, or far memory. This paper first presents faster swapping mechanisms and a far memory-aware cluster scheduler that make it possible to support far memory at rack scale. Then, it examines the conditions under which this use of far memory can increase job throughput. We find that while far memory is not a panacea, for memory-intensive workloads it can provide performance improvements on the order of 10% or more even without changing the total amount of memory available.
Integrated Environmental Control Modeling of Coal-Fired Power Systems (1997)

Abstract The capability to estimate the performance and costs of advanced environmental control systems for coal-fired power plants is critical to a variety of planning and analysis requirements faced by utilities, regulators, researchers, and analysts in the public and private sectors. This paper describes a computer model developed for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to provide an up-to-date capability for analyzing a variety of pre-combustion, combustion, and post-combustion options in an integrated framework. A unique feature of the model allows performance and costs of integrated environmental control concepts to be modeled probabilistically as a means of characterizing uncertainties and risks. Examples are presented of model applications, comparing conventional and advanced emission control designs. The magnitude of technological risks associated with advanced technologies now under development are seen to vary markedly across applications. In general, however, integrated environmental control concepts show significant potential for more cost-effective methods of emissions control.
Analysis of Expressed Sequence Tags from the Fungus Aspergillus oryzae Cultured Under Different Conditions (2007)

We performed random sequencing of cDNAs from nine biologically or industrially important cultures of the industrially valuable fungus Aspergillus oryzae to obtain expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Consequently, 21 446 raw ESTs were accumulated and subsequently assembled to 7589 non-redundant consensus sequences (contigs). Among all contigs, 5491 (72.4%) were derived from only a particular culture. These included 4735 (62.4%) singletons, i.e. lone ESTs overlapping with no others. These data showed that consideration of culture grown under various conditions as cDNA sources enabled efficient collection of ESTs. BLAST searches against the public databases showed that 2953 (38.9%) of the EST contigs showed significant similarities to deposited sequences with known functions, 793 (10.5%) were similar to hypothetical proteins, and the remaining 3843 (50.6%) showed no significant similarity to sequences in the databases. Culture-specific contigs were extracted on the basis of the EST frequency normalized by the total number for each culture condition. In addition, contig sequences were compared with sequence sets in eukaryotic orthologous groups (KOGs), and classified into the KOG functional categories.
SplineNets: Continuous Neural Decision Graphs (2018)

We present SplineNets, a practical and novel approach for using conditioning in convolutional neural networks (CNNs). SplineNets are continuous generalizations of neural decision graphs, and they can dramatically reduce runtime complexity and computation costs of CNNs, while maintaining or even increasing accuracy. Functions of SplineNets are both dynamic (i.e., conditioned on the input) and hierarchical (i.e., conditioned on the computational path). SplineNets employ a unified loss function with a desired level of smoothness over both the network and decision parameters, while allowing for sparse activation of a subset of nodes for individual samples. In particular, we embed infinitely many function weights (e.g. filters) on smooth, low dimensional manifolds parameterized by compact B-splines, which are indexed by a position parameter. Instead of sampling from a categorical distribution to pick a branch, samples choose a continuous position to pick a function weight. We further show that by maximizing the mutual information between spline positions and class labels, the network can be optimally utilized and specialized for classification tasks. Experiments show that our approach can significantly increase the accuracy of ResNets with negligible cost in speed, matching the precision of a 110 level ResNet with a 32 level SplineNet.
Refractive-index distributions produced by interdigitated electrodes on electrooptic crystals (1985)

Devices constructed with interdigitated surface electrodes are widely used in integrated optics to produce electrooptic switches, deflectors, and modulators as well as to launch surface acoustic waves. To be able to fabricate devices with the desired characteristics, it is essential to know the electric field that is produced in the material under the interdigitated electrodes. The spatial distribution of the electric field produced by a voltage applied to a set of interdigitated electrodes on the surface of an anisotropic crystal such as lithium niobate is calculated using rigorous electromagnetic theory. The effects of the electrode width, period, and thickness are presented. Variations with crystal orientation are analyzed. The presence of a buffer layer such as isotropic silicon dioxide is included and the effects of its thickness are presented. The resulting distributions of refractive index and strain are calculated and analyzed in terms of amplitude and harmonic content.
Akt signaling mediates VEGF/VPF vascular permeability in vivo (2002)

VEGF is an endothelial cell cytokine that promotes angiogenesis and enhances microvascular permeability. Recently, it has been shown that the protein kinase Akt functions in a key intercellular signaling pathway downstream of VEGF. Here, we employed adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in conjunction with the Miles assay in hairless albino guinea pigs to assess the role of Akt signaling in vascular permeability. VEGF-induced vascular permeability was blocked by the transduction of a dominant negative mutant of Akt. Conversely, transduction of a constitutively active form of Akt promoted vascular permeability in a manner similar to VEGF protein administration. This Akt-mediated increase in vascular permeability was inhibited by the eNOS inhibitor L-NAME. These data show that Akt signaling is both necessary and sufficient for vascular permeability in an in vivo model.
Spontaneous Raman scattering in ultrasmall silicon waveguides (2004)

We report spontaneous Raman scattering at 1550 nm in ultrasmall silicon-on-insulator (SOI) strip waveguides of 0.098-microm2 cross-sectional area. The submicrometer-scale dimensions provide tight optical confinement and, hence, highly efficient Raman scattering with milliwatt-level cw pump powers. The prospect of Raman amplification in such a deeply scaled-down waveguide device in the presence of various loss mechanisms, particularly free-carrier loss that arises from two-photon absorption, is discussed, and the feasibility of high-gain SOI-based fully integrated optical amplifiers is shown.
Recent results on switching, fatigue and electrical characterization of sol-gel based PZT capacitors (1991)

AbstractRecent interest in the use of capacitors, utilizing sol-gel derived PZT for non-volatile memories and ULSI DRAM cells, has made it imperative to thoroughly characterize these devices. This paper shows state-of-the-art device data in the following regimes: (1) hysteresis versus temperature and frequency; (2) temperature dependent i-t; (3) polarization versus applied voltage; (4) I-V characteristics over temperature using triangular voltage sweep (TVS) stress; (5) static dielectric constant versus temperature and frequency; (6) leakage current; (7) time dependent breakdown under constant d.c. bias; (8) fatigue at varying temperatures; and (9) retention data. Wherever appropriate, simple models are also described to explain the measured data.
In vitro and transgenic analysis of a human HOXD4 retinoid-responsive enhancer (1996)

Expression of vertebrate Hox genes is regulated by retinoids in cell culture and in early embryonic development. We have identified a 185-bp retinoid-responsive transcriptional enhancer 5' of the human HOXD4 gene, which regulates inducibility of the gene in embryonal carcinoma cells through a pattern of DNA-protein interaction on at least two distinct elements. One of these elements contains a direct repeat mediating ligand-dependent interaction with retinoic acid receptors, and is necessary though not sufficient for the enhancer function. The HOXD4 enhancer directs expression of a lacZ reporter gene in the neural tube of transgenic mouse embryos in a time-regulated and regionally restricted fashion, reproducing part of the anterior neuroectodermal expression pattern of the endogenous Hoxd-4 gene. Administration of retinoic acid to developing embryos causes alterations in the spatial restriction of the transgene expression domain, indicating that the HOXD4 enhancer is also a retinoid-responsive element in vivo. The timing of the retinoic acid response differs from that seen with more 3' Hox genes, in that it occurs much later. This shows that the temporal window of competence in the ability to respond to retinoic acid differs between Hox genes and can be linked to specific enhancers. Mutations in the direct repeat or in a second element in the enhancer affect both retinoid response in culture and developmental regulation in embryos, suggesting that co-operative interactions between different factors mediate the enhancer activity. These data provide further support for a role of endogenous retinoids in regulation and spatial restriction of Hox gene expression in the central nervous system.