gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accuracy Improvement and Objective Evaluation of Annotation Extraction from Printed Documents (2008)

There is an approach of annotation extraction from printed documents in which annotations are extracted by comparing the image of an annotated document and its original document image. In one of the previous methods, the image of an original document is actually printed and scanned in order to reproduce image degradations of the image of the annotated document. However such a method lacks convenience since users have to use the same printer and scanner to obtain images of an annotated document and its original document. In this paper, we propose an improved annotation extraction method in which the image degradations are compensated by image processing. In the proposed method, the difference between original and annotated document images due to image degradations is reduced by not only removal of the degradations in the annotated document images but also reproduction of the degradations in the original document images. The proposed method consists of three steps of processing which are for dithering, for color change, and for local displacement. We also propose an objective evaluation of extracted annotations to compare the experimental results accurately. Experimental results of the proposed method have shown that the recall of extracted annotations was 80.94% and the precision was 85.59%.
Optimal layered architectures of wireless networks (2008)

A general wireless networking problem is formulated to jointly optimize end-to-end user rates, routes, link capacities, transmitted power, and power allocation across subcarriers and fading states. It has been recently shown that such general wireless networking problems in the presence of fading, while non-convex, have zero Lagrangian duality gap. In this paper the optimality of two different layered architectures is derived as a consequence of this result.
Biomanufacturing of melatonin is now possible (2023)

Currently, the majority of the melatonin manufactured is chemically synthesized replacing the previous method that extracted it from biological materials. Due to environmental concerns, biomanufacturing of chemical-related products is now gaining favor over chemical synthesis. Melatonin is synthesized from tryptophan in a four-step pathway that includes a hydroxylase and methyl transferase, both representing major challenges for metabolic engineering. Using novel technologies, including genome editing and laboratory evolution, the metabolic pathway of melatonin synthesis has been reconstructed in a microbial host which has the capacity to produce melatonin in gram-level quantities.
Dopamine receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1 (2023)

Dopamine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Dopamine Receptors [373]) are commonly divided into D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2, D3 and D4) families, where the endogenous agonist is dopamine.
Managed portal appliance: an experiment in extending the reach of web applications (2004)

In the typical Web application, a client renders markup and the application or service is implemented as a set of tiered functions in the network. However, clients can contain resources useful for an application and network connections cannot always be assumed. In this paper, we consider extending the reach of a Web application to include: 1) access to and use of local client resources, and 2) operation while disconnected from the network. We, however, try to preserve desirable programming model and management characteristics of Web applications. We propose a system architecture and discuss an initial implementation using a portal as an example Web application.
Passive Biaxial Mechanical Properties of the Rat Bladder Wall After Spinal Cord Injury (2002)

Biaxial mechanical testing can detect differences in normal control and hypertrophied rat bladders 10 and 14 days after spinal cord injury. These changes represent an important component of the bladder response to spinal cord injury.
Regulation of kynurenine biosynthesis during influenza virus infection (2016)

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) remain serious threats to public health because of the shortage of effective means of control. Developing more effective virus control modalities requires better understanding of virus-host interactions. It has previously been shown that IAV induces the production of kynurenine, which suppresses T-cell responses, enhances pain hypersensitivity and disturbs behaviour in infected animals. However, the regulation of kynurenine biosynthesis during IAV infection remains elusive. Here we showed that IAV infection induced expression of interferons (IFNs), which upregulated production of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), which catalysed the kynurenine biosynthesis. Furthermore, IAV attenuated the IDO1 expression and the production of kynurenine through its NS1 protein. Interestingly, inhibition of viral replication prior to IFN induction limited IDO1 expression, while inhibition after did not. Finally, we showed that kynurenine biosynthesis was activated in macrophages in response to other stimuli, such as influenza B virus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 as well as bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Thus, the tight regulation of the kynurenine biosynthesis by host cell and, perhaps, pathogen might be a basic signature of a wide range of host-pathogen interactions, which should be taken into account during development of novel antiviral and antibacterial drugs.
Effective Carrier Sensing in CSMA Networks under Cumulative Interference (2012)

This paper proposes the concept of safe carrier-sensing range under the cumulative interference model that guarantees interference-safe (also known as hidden-node-free) transmissions in CSMA networks. Compared with a previous related concept of safe carrier-sensing range under the commonly assumed but less realistic pairwise interference model, we show that the safe carrier-sensing range under the cumulative interference model is larger by a constant multiplicative factor. For example, the factor is 1.4 if the SINR requirement is 10 dB and the path-loss exponent is 4 in a noiseless case. We further show that the concept of a safe carrier-sensing range, although amenable to elegant analytical results, is inherently not compatible with the conventional power-threshold carrier-sensing mechanism (e.g., that used in IEEE 802.11). Specifically, the absolute power sensed by a node in the conventional carrier-sensing mechanism does not contain enough information for the node to derive its distances from other concurrent transmitting nodes. We show that, fortunately, a new carrier-sensing mechanism called Incremental-Power Carrier-Sensing (IPCS) can realize the carrier-sensing range concept in a simple way. Instead of monitoring the absolute detected power, the IPCS mechanism monitors every increment in the detected power. This means that IPCS can separate the detected power of every concurrent transmitter, and map the power profile to the required distance information. Our extensive simulation results indicate that IPCS can boost spatial reuse and network throughput by up to 60 percent relative to the conventional carrier-sensing mechanism under the same carrier-sensing power thresholds. If we compare the maximum throughput in the interference-free regime, the throughput improvement of IPCS is still more than 15 percent. Last but not least, IPCS not only allows us to implement the safe carrier-sensing range, but also ties up a loose end in many other prior theoretical works that implicitly used a carrier-sensing range (interference-safe or otherwise) without an explicit design to realize it.
A domain-adaptive two-stream U-Net for electron microscopy image segmentation (2018)

Deep networks such as the U-Net are outstanding at segmenting biomedical images when enough training data is available, but only then. Here we introduce a Domain Adaptation approach that relies on two coupled U-Nets that either regularize or share corresponding weights between the two streams, along with a differentiable loss function that approximates the Jaccard index, to leverage training data from one domain in which it is plentiful, to adapt the network weights in another where it is scarce. We showcase our approach for the purpose of segmenting mitochondria and synapses from electron microscopy image stacks of mouse brain, when we have enough training data for one brain region but only very little for another. In such cases, we outperform state-of-the-art Domain Adaptation methods.
The rat parotid gland--a renewing cell population. (1988)

The mode of turnover and displacement of cells in the rat parotid gland was studied by means of autoradiography. The parotid parenchyma and stroma act as a two-compartment cell renewal system. Parotid cell progenitors are formed mainly in the intercalated duct from which they progress in opposite directions: to the striated duct on one side, while feeding into the acini on the other. The stroma cells stream along the same tissue radii as the parenchymal cells.
Observation of dust particles ejected from tungsten surface under impact of intense transient heat load (2016)

A test facility for experimental simulation of transient heat load expected for ELMs type I events in ITER is developed at BINP SB RAS. Dynamics of tungsten particles in the ablation plume is investigated by small-angle light scattering technique and using fast CCD and ICCD cameras. The threshold of intense particle generation, sizes and velocities of particles ejected from the surface are estimated.
Identification and characterization of tRNA (Gm18) methyltransferase from Thermus thermophilus HB8: domain structure and conserved amino acid sequence motifs (2002)

This is the first report describing the identification of a methyltransferase gene of the trmH family through the analysis of a purified protein. Further, our results indicate that a restricted region(s) in the terminal amino acid residues of T. thermophilus tRNA (Gm18) methyltransferase are responsible for tRNA recognition and a main part of the enzyme is allocated for a catalytic core.
Lessons Learned From Treating 500,000 Tons of Oil-Based Drill Cuttings on Five Continents (2006)

Abstract As Yogi Berra is fond of saying, "it ain't over till it's over". During any oil-based mud drill cuttings treatment project, the task is not complete until the solids are clean and permanently disposed, the oil is clean and reused, and the water is clean and recycled or discharged. The project is over when the wastes pass the auspices of the local environmental rules and are no longer an environmental risk. Thermally desorbing the liquids from the drilled solids is the easiest part of the job. It's the little things that really make the difference between a successful project and a total failure. This is true not only for the treatment company, but also for the oil company that is generating the cuttings. In most cases for these projects to benefit all, they must be approached as a partnership between the waste generator, the treatment company and the environmental agency. Anything else can lead to problems. Our experience covers five continents and the successful treatment of more than 500,000 tons of oil-based drill cuttings. We will share data concerning many of our projects. Some problems will tend to be light hearted while others will be more complicated. Problems have arisen due to inadequate planning while others have been born due to an interpretation of the regulations. This paper will cover topics including transporting and storing oil-base drill cuttings, the need to pre-treat for a consistent homogeneous feed, re-hydrating the dried solids and separating the liquids into useable oil and dischargeable water. All of these pre and post treatment activities have a great deal to do with the success of a project. Understanding the complete job and having an agreement between the treatment company, the oil company and the regulatory agencies prior to beginning the project is essential. Even when you have done your homework, unexpected problems arise. We will share some of our problems and how they were overcome, thereby decreasing the environmental risks as well as the financial risks associated with oil contaminated cuttings.
Preconditioning with fetal cord blood facilitates engraftment of primary childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in immunodeficient mice (2001)

Childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is one of the most common childhood cancers. It is reported that preconditioning sublethally irradiated immunodeficient NOD/SCID (nonobese diabetic/X-linked severe combined immunodeficient) mice with human cord blood mononuclear cells facilitates the engraftment, expansion, and dissemination in these mice of primary T-ALL cells obtained from patients at the time of diagnosis. Cells recovered from mouse bone marrow or spleen resembled the original leukemia cells from patients with respect to surface lineage markers and T-cell receptor Vbeta gene rearrangements. Moreover, the pattern of leukemia dissemination in mouse tissues, resulting in universally fatal leukemia, is reminiscent of the human clinical disease. In addition, the fidelity of the model to the human disease is documented with regard to the presence of morphologically identifiable human leukemia cells in mouse bone marrow and blood and the maintenance of leukemia-initiating capacity within the leukemia-engrafted mouse. Therefore, several lines of independent approaches are used to suggest that the engrafted cells are of human leukemia origin and are not derived from cord blood. The in vivo model described here should enable the study of the growth properties of primary T-ALL cells obtained from patients and should prove useful in evaluating the potential efficacy of therapeutic strategies directed toward T-ALL.
Role of SLV in SLI substrate recognition by the Neurospora VS ribozyme (2008)

Substrate recognition by the VS ribozyme involves a magnesium-dependent loop/loop interaction between the SLI substrate and the SLV hairpin from the catalytic domain. Recent NMR studies of SLV demonstrated that magnesium ions stabilize a U-turn loop structure and trigger a conformational change for the extruded loop residue U700, suggesting a role for U700 in SLI recognition. Here, we kinetically characterized VS ribozyme mutants to evaluate the contribution of U700 and other SLV loop residues to SLI recognition. To help interpret the kinetic data, we structurally characterized the SLV mutants by NMR spectroscopy and generated a three-dimensional model of the SLI/SLV complex by homology modeling with MC-Sym. We demonstrated that the mutation of U700 by A, C, or G does not significantly affect ribozyme activity, whereas deletion of U700 dramatically impairs this activity. The U700 backbone is likely important for SLI recognition, but does not appear to be required for either the structural integrity of the SLV loop or for direct interactions with SLI. Thus, deletion of U700 may affect other aspects of SLI recognition, such as magnesium ion binding and SLV loop dynamics. As part of our NMR studies, we developed a convenient assay based on detection of unusual (31)P and (15)N N7 chemical shifts to probe the formation of U-turn structures in RNAs. Our model of the SLI/SLV complex, which is compatible with biochemical data, leads us to propose novel interactions at the loop I/loop V interface.
Imaging of optical field confinement in ridge waveguides fabricated on very-small-aperture laser (2003)

Optical field confinement in a ridge waveguide nanostructure (“C” aperture) designed for ultrahigh-density recording was observed using an apertureless near-field scanning optical microscope. The aperture was fabricated on a commercial edge-emitting semiconductor laser as the light source. High-contrast near-field images at both 1× and 2× lock-in detection frequencies were obtained. The emission patterns are in agreement with theoretical simulation of such structures. A 90 nm×70 nm full width half maximum spot size was measured and is comparable to the ridge width of the aperture.
Investigation of in situ hydrothermal oxidative destruction of NDMA (1999)

Rate constants for the aqueous oxidation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) have been measured in aqueous phosphate-buffered solutions using Dickson-type vessels. The initial NDMA concentrations ranged from 2.5 to 2.8 ppm and reaction temperatures varied from 180 C to 220 C. Quantitation of NDMA was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using selected ion monitoring (SIM). NDMA loss with concomitant production of nitrite and nitrate confirmed that mineralization of NDMA occurred, and no intermediates amenable to GC-MS were formed during the oxidation experiments. First order reaction rate constants for the loss of NDMA were determined by the integral method and the results are as follows: k{sub 1} = 5.21 x 10{sup -7} s{sup -1} at 180 C, k{sub 1} = 1.14 x 10{sup -6} s{sup -1} at 190 C, k{sub 1} = 2.05 x 10{sup -6} s{sup -1} at 200 C, k{sub 1} = 4.53 x 10{sup -6} s{sup -1} at 210 C and k{sub 1} = 8.81 x 10{sup -6} s{sup -1} at 220 C. The Arrhenius equation for this data is listed below: ln (k) = 20.21 - 15716 (1/T). The activation energy for this process is calculated to be 130.7 {+-} 3.5 kJ/mole. Extrapolating to a temperature of 125 C, a reasonable process temperature in the subsurface of WSTF, results in a calculated first order rate constant of 4.30 x 10{sup -9} s{sup -1} and a half-life of 1870 days.
Abstract 14807: Activation of the Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Receptor Prevents the Development of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in CD1 Mice (2019)

Introduction: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents ~50% of heart failure cases and is characterized by impaired relaxation, ventricular stiffening and fibrosis. Growth ...
Design and characterization of a laser-based instrument with spectroscopic feedback control for treatment of vascular lesions: the “Smart Scalpel” (2000)

To improve the effectiveness of microsurgical techniques, we are developing a semi-autonomous robotic surgical tool (called the "Smart Scalpel") as an alternate approach to treatment of vascular lesions. The device employs optical reflectance spectroscopy as part of a line scan imaging system to identify and selectively target blood vessels in a vascular lesion for thermal treatment with a focused laser beam. Our proof-of-concept reported here presents the design and construction of a prototype instrument, initial quantification of imaging system resolution and contrast, and preliminary verification of the imaging and targeting strategies with standard targets and live dermal tissue.
Radical Reactions of Titanium(III) Propargyl Complexes. Titanacyclobutene Formation by Dimerization and by Regioselective Addition of Organic Free Radicals (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTRadical Reactions of Titanium(III) Propargyl Complexes. Titanacyclobutene Formation by Dimerization and by Regioselective Addition of Organic Free RadicalsSensuke Ogoshi and Jeffrey M. StrykerView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 14, 3514–3515Publication Date (Web):March 26, 1998Publication History Received18 August 1997Published online26 March 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ja972895uCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views598Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (110 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Anions,Mixtures,Post-translational modification,Propargyls Get e-Alerts
Soft X-ray emission results of cylindrical ion-driven hohlraum experiments at PBFA II (1995)

Summary form only given, as follows. We performed a series of experiments at the Pulsed Power Fusion Accelerator II (PBFA II) in May, 1994 and obtained record temperatures of up to 65 eV for an ion driven hohlraum. The nominal parameters of the radially-incident PBFA II ion beam were 9 MeV peak voltage on-target at a peak power of 1-1.5 TW/cm/sup 2/ for 15 ns. The hohlraum was a 4 mm right-circular cylinder with a gold wall, a low-density CH foam, and a 1.5- or 3-mm diameter diagnostic aperture in the top. A number of diagnostics were used to measure properties of the thermal radiation from the target. The soft X-ray yield and spectrum from the target were measured with an array of XRD and PIN detectors. Two bolometers were used to estimate the total soft X-ray emission. A broadband energy-, 1-dimensional spatial-, and time-resolved diagnostic was used for observing hydrodynamic motion. Both time-integrated and time-resolved cameras were used for 2-D imaging of the source. In this paper we present comparisons of the X-ray emission between these soft X-ray diagnostics. Important conclusions to date are that the aperture used to view the target thermal emission does not close.
Biologically Inspired Synthesis Route to Three‐Dimensionally Structured Inorganic Thin Films (2008)

Inorganic thin films (hydroxide, oxide, and phosphate materials) that are textured on a submicron scale have been prepared from aqueous metal salt solutions at room temperature using vapor‐diffusion catalysis. This generic synthesis approach mimics the essential advantages of the catalytic and structure‐directing mechanisms observed for the formation of silica skeletons of marine sponges. Chemical composition, crystallinity, and the three‐dimensional morphology of films prepared by this method are extremely sensitive to changes in the synthesis conditions, such as concentrations, reaction times, and the presence and nature of substrate materials. Focusing on different materials systems, the reaction mechanism for the formation of these thin films and the influence of different reaction parameters on the product are explained.
Resident Cardiac Stem Cells (2011)

The introduction of stem cells in cardiology provides new tools in understanding the regenerative processes of the normal and pathologic heart and opens new options for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The feasibility of adult bone marrow autologous and allogenic cell therapy of ischemic cardiomyopathies has been demonstrated in humans. However, many unresolved questions remain to link experimental with clinical observations. The demonstration that the heart is a self-renewing organ and that its cell turnover is regulated by myocardial progenitor cells offers novel pathogenetic mechanisms underlying cardiac diseases and raises the possibility to regenerate the damaged heart. Indeed, cardiac stem progenitor cells (CSPCs) have recently been isolated from the human heart by several laboratories although differences in methodology and phenotypic profile have been described. The present review points to the potential role of CSPCs in the onset and development of congestive heart failure and its reversal by regenerative approaches aimed at the preservation and expansion of the resident pool of progenitors.