gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low frequency acoustic response of a periodic layer of spherical inclusions in an elastic solid to a normally incident plane longitudinal wave (2000)

The influence of particle mass density on the reflection and transmission spectra of a plane longitudinal wave normally incident on a periodic (square) array of identical spherical particles in a polyester matrix are measured at wavelengths which are comparable to the particle radius and the inter-particle distance. The spectra are characterized by several resonances whose frequencies are close to the cut-off frequencies for the shear wave modes, which are analogs of spectral orders in diffraction gratings. Arrays of heavy particles (lead and steel) exhibit a pronounced resonance anomaly which occurs when the lattice resonant frequency is close to the frequency of the rigid body translation (dipole) resonance of an isolated sphere in an unbounded matrix. An approximate low frequency theory is developed which takes into account the multiple scattering effect. The theory shows good comparison with the experimental data for arrays with particle area fractions as high as 32%.
CLOSE: A costless service offloading strategy for distributed edge cloud (2018)

New bandwidth-intensive and time-constrained services in 5G networks combined with network function virtualization is pushing network operators to deploy distributed cloud infrastructures at the edge of the network. Allocating resources in capacity-limited infrastructures raises new challenges, which have not really been so far considered in the cloud literature. In this context, we investigate placement and offloading strategies of constrained services. We set design principles of future distributed edge clouds in order to meet application requirements. We precisely introduce a costless distributed resource allocation algorithm, named CLOSE, which considers local information only. We compare via simulations the performance of CLOSE against those obtained by using mechanisms proposed in the literature, notably the Tricircle project within OpenStack. It turns out that the proposed distributed algorithm yields better performance while requiring less overhead.
Effects of Post-Annealing Temperatures and Ambient Atmospheres on the Electrical Properties of Ultrathin (Ba,Sr)TiO3 Capacitors (1998)

Ultrathin (Ba,Sr)TiO 3 (BST) film capacitors with a Pt/Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 (30 nm)/Pt/TiN/Si structure were fabricated. To investigate the effects of annealing temperatures, capacitors were annealed in flowing Ar or O 2 at temperatures ranging from 400°C to 600°C for 30 min. The electrical properties of the annealed samples were strongly dependent on the annealing temperatures. In the capacitors annealed at 500°C (in Ar and O 2 ) and 550°C (in O 2 ), the leakage current decreased to a level of 10 -8 A/cm 2 when the bias voltage was ±1.5 V. In the as-deposited sample, the maximum capacitance appeared at a bias voltage of -1 V. However, the maximum capacitance increased and appeared at the zero bias voltage after annealing. These phenomena are believed to be defect-related (due to oxygen vacancies). The annealing atmospheres were also found to have an effect on preserving the morphology of the Pt electrodes.
Determinants of Endothelial Cell Phenotype in Venules (2000)

Inflammatory stimuli cause plasma leakage and leukocyte adhesion in venules but not in capillaries or arterioles. The specific response of venules is governed by phenotypic specialization of the venular endothelial cells. What regulates this specialized phenotype? Several recent developments have shed new light on this question and may challenge our thinking about regulation of the venular endothelial cell phenotype. In this review, we consider some of the molecular markers of venular endothelial cells, the hemodynamic and molecular factors that may regulate the phenotype of venular endothelial cells, and abnormalities in endothelial cell phenotype in disease-related angiogenesis and microvascular remodeling. The expanding list of molecular markers may help clarify the physiologic and molecular factors that regulate the phenotype of venular endothelial cells in normal development and disease.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of the p16INK4 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor in Malignant Mesothelioma (1995)

This study suggests that inactivation of the CDKN2 gene is an essential step in the etiology of malignant mesotheliomas. Defining the role of the p16INK4:Rb tumor suppressor pathway and its immediate downstream substrates will be an important goal in designing future therapeutic strategies.
Money Matters: A Mixed-Methods Needs Assessment of US Young Adults' Financial Needs (2023)

Decades of research have shown that many college-educated young adults lack the necessary skills to design and follow a sustainable budget, responsibly manage debt, and plan for their future spending needs. In an era of increasing complexity of financial products and consequent risks, further research is needed to determine where today’s young adults’ financial health could most benefit from interventions, and where future financial literacy interventions could be targeted to increase effective financial behaviors. This research addresses two key questions regarding the financial literacy of young adults. First, what critical knowledge and skills gaps do young adults have in their financial literacy? Second, what critical barriers do young adults face in acting on their financial literacy? To address these questions and guide subsequent remediation, we used a mixed methods approach across five studies informed by young adult students and financial education experts with direct experience advising young adult students. We leveraged Open Education Resources (OER) as well as a new large-scale digital learning research infrastructure as means of data collection. Our needs assessment findings converged around two primary categories of knowledge and skills gaps (income management and debt management) comprising five sub-categories, and three categories of behavioral barriers (psychological, beliefs and perceptions, and situational or environmental) comprising seven subcategories. We recommend that future interventions focus on social-cognitive theory based motivational interventions and thoughtful course content design, to have the strongest positive impact on financial literacy and remove barriers to financial behaviors of young adults attending colleges and universities.
Optimization of freeform non-imaging components for LED-based projector light engines (2007)

Standard non-imaging components used to collect and integrate light in LED-based projector light engines such as tapered rods and compound parabolic concentrators are compared to optimized freeform shapes in terms of various application-driven metrics.
Stability of carbohydrate-modified vesicles in vivo: comparative effects of ceramide and cholesterol glycoconjugates. (1982)

The stability and tissue distribution of lipid vesicles modified at the surface by the incorporation of either a galactosyl ceramide (GalCer) or a galactosyl cholesterol (GalChol) glycoconjugate have been studied in mice by measuring the release of vesicle-entrapped 111In. Although the tissue distributions of both vesicle types were similar, the GalCer-containing vesicles were markedly less stable than those prepared with GalChol, whether administered orally or by intraperitoneal injection. Physical characterization of the vesicles in vitro suggests that the increased disruption rate for GalCer vesicles in vivo is related to structural instabilities induced by the cerebroside, which can then result in either an increased rate of vesicle uptake by tissues or a greater susceptibility to lysis. These studies demonstrate the importance of the nonpolar anchoring groups in determining the fate of surface-modified vesicles in vivo.
Fe/Cr multilayers: Effect of annealing on the spin structure and magnetoresistance (1994)

The spin structure of antiferromagnetic Fe/Cr multilayers has been investigated by polarized neutron reflectivity. Measurements were taken on freshly sputtered films as well as films annealed at different temperatures. For annealing temperatures up to 350 °C adjacent Fe layers were found to remain antiferromagnetic, but the coupling strength gradually decreases. In multilayers annealed at higher temperature both antiferro- and ferromagnetic phases are present. In all cases the magnetoresistance is proportional to the amount of antiferromagnetism. The presence of off-specular, diffuse scattering around the antiferromagnetic Bragg peak indicates that the magnetic domains are laterally limited; however, their size is not correlated directly to the magnetoresistance.
X-ray Raman Spectroscopy of Carbon in Asphaltene:  Light Element Characterization with Bulk Sensitivity (2000)

X-ray Raman spectra of the carbon K-edge have been recorded using 6.461 keV radiation for a petroleum asphaltene. By comparison with coronene, graphite, and paraffin standards, the asphaltene spectrum is seen to be composed of contributions from saturated and aromatic carbon species. The information contained in the carbon K-edge was extracted with bulk (approximately 1 mm) sensitivity, because the Raman method used hard X-rays. This helps alleviate concerns about surface artifacts that frequently occur with soft X-ray spectroscopy of light elements. X-ray Raman spectroscopy shows great potential for characterization of light elements in fuels, catalysts, and other complex materials under chemically relevant conditions.
Service Management For Differentiated Services Networks (1970)

This work presents and evaluates a functional architecture and a framework for mapping service management policies and constraints into differentiated services (DiffServ) mechanisms. Several simulation scenarios described through the use of service policies are introduced and analyzed. It is shown that the use of service level management allows for efficient dynamic traffic engineering of DiffServ backbones. It is also shown that the use of active policies can assure better service to users by better enforcing service level agreements. 1 INTRODUCTION The increasing growth of the Internet and corporate networks raises new concerns related to mechanisms such as routing, resource reservation, traffic engineering and management [7]. Furthermore, with the introduction of new Internet and corporate services such as e-business, VoIP (Voice over IP) and multimedia applications, the best-effort packet forwarding paradigm is not capable of attending the QoS (Quality of Service) requirements of...
RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL TEARS IN RANIBIZUMAB-TREATED EYES (2009)

The incidence of RPE tears associated with ranibizumab therapy is low and may result from a predisposition rather than an effect of treatment. Even so, patients undergoing ranibizumab therapy should be counseled regarding this possible complication.
Exploiting the sequence diversity of TALE-like repeats to vary the strength of dTALE-promoter interactions (2017)

Designer transcription activator-like effectors (dTALEs) are programmable transcription factors used to regulate user-defined promoters. The TALE DNA-binding domain is a tandem series of amino acid repeats that each bind one DNA base. Each repeat is 33-35 amino acids long. A residue in the center of each repeat is responsible for defining DNA base specificity and is referred to as the base specificying residue (BSR). Other repeat residues are termed non-BSRs and can contribute to TALE DNA affinity in a non-base-specific manner. Previous dTALE engineering efforts have focused on BSRs. Non-BSRs have received less attention, perhaps because there is almost no non-BSR sequence diversity in natural TALEs. However, more sequence diverse, TALE-like proteins are found in diverse bacterial clades. Here, we show that natural non-BSR sequence diversity of TALEs and TALE-likes can be used to modify DNA-binding strength in a new form of dTALE repeat array that we term variable sequence TALEs (VarSeTALEs). We generated VarSeTALE repeat modules through random assembly of repeat sequences from different origins, while holding BSR composition, and thus base preference, constant. We used two different VarSeTALE design approaches combing either whole repeats from different TALE-like sources (inter-repeat VarSeTALEs) or repeat subunits corresponding to secondary structural elements (intra-repeat VarSeTALEs). VarSeTALE proteins were assayed in bacteria, plant protoplasts and leaf tissues. In each case, VarSeTALEs activated or repressed promoters with a range of activities. Our results indicate that natural non-BSR diversity can be used to diversify the binding strengths of dTALE repeat arrays while keeping target sequences constant.
Lower Serum Calcium as a Potentially Associated Factor for Conversion of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Early Alzheimer’s Disease in the Japanese Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (2019)

Our findings suggest that lower serum calcium may be associated with an increased risk of MCI conversion to AD in Japanese cohorts. The reason for this correlation remains unclear and further external validation using other Asian cohorts is needed. It would be interesting for future AD studies to obtain serum calcium levels and other related factors, such as vitamin D levels, culture-specific dietary or medication information.
Modal analysis for optimization of single-mode waveguide pigtailing and fiber splicing (1998)

We examine the waveguide dimension and refractive-index difference space for the optimization of single-mode channel waveguide pigtails and optical fiber splices, and we explain these results using modal analysis. We present closed-form equations for the evaluation of the optimal index difference and the allowable variation in its value in any material. We provide a novel way of viewing common waveguide physical parameters and translating them into information that determines the efficacy of a fiber connection.
Membrane characterization of amastigote‐like forms of Leishmania donovani (1996)

During in vitro transformation, Leishmania donovani promastigotes converted into amastigote-like forms and underwent several changes in membrane parameters. They exhibited significantly increased microviscosity comparable to true amastigotes. Activities of several functionally important membrane bound enzymes were also altered, thereby indicating a change in their orientation. Peanut agglutinin was found to be specific for agglutination of stationary phase promastigotes whereas wheat-germ agglutinin was specific for the amastigote-like forms as well as for pure amastigotes, implying the presence of specific glycoconjugates on the parasite surface.
Hybrid III-V/Si Active Microcavities based on Photonic Crystals (2011)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) using hybrid III-V / Si microcavities and based on double photonic crystal reflectors for the heterogeneous integration on complementary metal-oxide-silicon (CMOS) are presented. The latest achievements in optical mode engineering and technological processing are shown and discussed.
The Statistics of Eye Movements and Binocular Disparities during VR Gaming: Implications for Headset Design (2022)

The human visual system evolved in environments with statistical regularities. Binocular vision is adapted to these such that depth perception and eye movements are more precise, faster, and performed comfortably in environments consistent with the regularities. We measured the statistics of eye movements and binocular disparities in virtual-reality (VR) - gaming environments and found that they are quite different from those in the natural environment. Fixation distance and direction are more restricted in VR, and fixation distance is farther. The pattern of disparity across the visual field is less regular in VR and does not conform to a prominent property of naturally occurring disparities. From this we predict that double vision is more likely in VR than in the natural environment. We also determined the optimal screen distance to minimize discomfort due to the vergence-accommodation conflict, and the optimal nasal-temporal positioning of head-mounted display (HMD) screens to maximize binocular field of view. Finally, in a user study we investigated how VR content affects comfort and performance. Content that is more consistent with the statistics of the natural world yields less discomfort than content that is not. Furthermore, consistent content yields slightly better performance than inconsistent content.
Development of qualification of security status suitable for cloud computing system (2012)

Cloud services have recently been expanding rapidly, but business users are still in the minority compared with consumer users. From the viewpoint of organizational risk management, it is necessary to control the risks of the cloud computing environment used as part of an organization's information system in order to minimize any negative influence on the organization's mission or business processes. In a previous article, the authors divided cloud security metrics into two security levels. One level shows how the security metrics influence the mission or business processes in 27 dimensions. The other level shows the security status at the time and the influence range when an incident occurs. This article focuses the latter variable security level and describes the results of developing a cloud security visualization system that was designed based on collection, analysis, and visualization architecture to calculate the level. From the viewpoint of security risk management, the system is considerered to be effective for cloud service providers because it reduces the time needed to investigate the cause of incidents and to recover from them, it helps in triage assessment when many incidents happen simultaneously, and it can detect warnings of an incident and forestall such incidents before they occur.
Acquisition of mitogenic responsiveness by nonresponding lymphocytes upon insertion of appropriate membrane components. (1982)

The effect of insertion of plasma membrane components from lymphocytes responding to mitogens into the membranes of nonresponding cells using Sendai virus envelopes as vehicles was examined. T cells modified by B membranes were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to proliferate as well as to produce interleukin-2 activity. B cells modified by T membranes were stimulated by concanavalin A to proliferate and to produce interleukin-2 activity. B cells derived from C3H/HeJ LPS-nonresponder strain of mice, when modified by B membranes derived from the LPS-responder C3H/eb strain, acquired LPS responsiveness. These findings indicate that the inability of either T or B cells to respond to specific mitogens is due to the lack of suitable plasma membrane constituents and that by changing the membrane composition the lymphocytes can be endowed with new functions.
Weiss's endo- and exo-tetracyclo[5.5.1.0.2,6 010,13]tridecane-4,8,12-trione: analysis of 1H NMR couplings in a system of fused 5-membered rings (1994)

The configurational isomers of the title compounds consist of four fused five-membered rings. They contain tightly coupled 1 H NMR spin systems, which provide excellent models for establishing the relationships between coupling constants and conformation. Complete chemical shift assignments and spin–spin coupling constants are reported for the title compounds by using high-field (500 MHz) 1 H NMR techniques (e.g., 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear experiments, difference NOE enhancements, and computational spin simulations). In addition to the more familiar two- and three-bond couplings, the spectra of 1 and 2 also contain a number of long-range (four- and five- bond) couplings, which provide a stringent test of Barfield's theoretical treatment of four-bond couplings.
Remote sensing in management of mining land and proximate habitat (2012)

Synopsis Although remote sensing technology has been available for many years, it has rarely been used for monitoring mining activity. Recent studies indicate that remote sensing is also a valuable tool for managing and planning certain aspects of the mining operation. In this paper, we examine areal expansion of marble quarries and the affected vegetation over a period of 10 years in the Mugla region in Turkey, using geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) techniques. Images captured by ASTER Level 3A01 (3D Ortho Data Set), Landsat 5, and Landsat 7 satellites between 2001 and 2009 were used for the analysis. Changes in the natural vegetation as a function of the production level in the marble quarry were calculated using the normalized di fference vegetation index. According to the study results, land cover and natural vegetation decreased by less than 3 per cent and 1 per cent respectively between 2001 and 2009, following an upsurge in mining activity in the region.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cell Growth Inhibitory Properties of Substituted (E)‐1‐Phenylbut‐1‐en‐3‐ones. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Aggregation and conformance in differentiated service networks (2001)

The Differentiated Service (Diff-Serv) architecture [1] advocates a model based on different “granularity” at network edges and within the network. In particular, core routers are only required to act on a few aggregates that are meant to offer a pre-defined set of service levels. The use of aggregation raises a number of questions for end-to-end services, in particular when crossing domain boundaries where policing actions may be applied. This paper focuses on the impact of such policing actions in the context of individual and the bulk services built on top of the Expedited Forwarding (EF) [7] per-hop-behavior (PHB). The findings of this investigation confirm and quantify the expected need for reshaping at network boundaries, and identify a number of somewhat unexpected behaviors. Recommendations are also made for when reshaping is not available.
A PDE Based Method for Fuzzy Classification of Medical Images (2006)

We propose a novel variational approach to automatically soft-segment medical images into a fixed number of classes. Our method combines fuzzy classification and active contours in a single variational framework. This approach allows the use of tools from both de-formable geometry and clustering in a well-defined setting and provides a useful, unsupervised segmentation technique. The model was tested on synthetic and MRI brain data, with promising results.
<title>High-speed IR imaging of repetitive events using a standard RS-170 imager</title> (1992)

We have developed a system which allows repetitive events at frequencies up to 4 kHz to be imaged without aliasing. An off-the-shelf optomechanical imager (Inframetrics IR 600) is used in conjunction with a microcomputer and a specially developed hardware interface. The effective integration time of the system is equivalent to the horizontal line scan time (125 microsecond(s) ). Images are constructed by acquiring horizontal lines which are in phase with a reference signal emanating from the target. Multiple occurrences of a given line are displayed as a linear average so that the in-phase component appears amplified in the final image. Images of flame front propagation in an operating engine combustion chamber, and transient spatial heat distribution in a transistor operating at 2.5 kHz have been acquired.
Object recognition robust under translations, deformations, and changes in background (1997)

Recognition systems based on model matching using low level features often fail due to a variation in background. As a solution, I present a system for the recognition of human faces independent of hairstyle. Correspondence maps between an image and a model are established by coarse-fine matching in a Gabor pyramid. These are used for hierarchical recognition.