gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Bevacizumab on Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability and O-(2-18F-Fluoroethyl)-l-Tyrosine Uptake in Rat Gliomas (2017)

Restoration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after antiangiogenic therapy of gliomas with bevacizumab may result in a decrease in contrast enhancement on MRI despite tumor progression. This so-called pseudoresponse is difficult to differentiate from a true tumor response with conventional MRI. Initial patient studies have indicated that PET using <i>O</i>-(2-<sup>18</sup>F-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (<sup>18</sup>F-FET) may be helpful for solving this diagnostic problem. This study was performed to investigate the effects of bevacizumab on BBB permeability and <sup>18</sup>F-FET uptake in a human xenograft model. <b>Methods:</b> Human U87 glioblastoma cells were implanted into the striatum of immunodeficient RNU rats. <sup>18</sup>F-FET PET scans and ex vivo autoradiography were performed in animals receiving a single high dose of bevacizumab (45 mg/kg 2 d before PET; <i>n</i> = 9) or in animals receiving 2 lower doses (10 mg/kg 9 and 2 d before PET; <i>n</i> = 10) to evaluate short-term and long-term effects on the BBB, respectively, and in control animals without bevacizumab treatment (<i>n</i> = 8). Time-activity curves, slope, and tumor-to-brain ratios of <sup>18</sup>F-FET uptake (18-61 min after injection) were evaluated using a volume-of-interest analysis. After PET scanning, Evans blue dye (EBD) was injected into animals, and cryosections of the brains were evaluated by autoradiography, by histology, and for EBD fluorescence to assess BBB permeability. <b>Results:</b> Compared with the control, short-term bevacizumab therapy resulted in a trend toward BBB restoration (<i>P</i> = 0.055) and long-term therapy resulted in a significant decrease (<i>P</i> = 0.004) in BBB permeability, as assessed by EBD fluorescence. In contrast, no significant differences in tumor-to-brain ratios or slope of <sup>18</sup>F-FET uptake were observed in PET and autoradiography (<i>P</i> > 0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b><sup>8</sup>F-FET uptake in glioblastomas seems to be largely independent of BBB permeability and reflects the viability of tumor tissue during antiangiogenic therapy more reliably than contrast-enhanced MRI.
Kernspintomographie des Innenohrs: Vergleich der Darstellung mittels einer T2-gewichteten Turbo Spin-Echo Sequenz, Maximum Intensitätsprojektionen und dreidimensionalen Volumenrekonstruktionen. (2000)

Zusammenfassung. Die gezielte Therapie von Erkrankungen des Innenohrs erfordert die detaillierte Darstellung der anatomischen Strukturen und morphologischer Veranderungen, die kemspintomographisch mittels neuentwickelter schneller Gradientensysteme gelingt. Die Interpretation der zweidimensional prasentierten Schichten bleibt jedoch schwierig. Zur dreidimensionalen Darstellung wurden in 50 Fallen Maximum-Intensitatsprojektionen und Volumenrekonstruktionen aus den MRT-Daten angefertigt. Mittels dieser Techniken gelang die detaillierte Abbildung der Innenohrstrukturen in perspektivischen Ansichten, die erganzende Informationen liefem konnten.
Interaction between monocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells induces expression of hepatocyte growth factor (2000)

Cell-to-cell interactions between monocytes and VSMCs induced HGF synthesis in both types of cells, suggesting that local HGF production induced by this cell-to-cell interaction has an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, atherosclerosis or vascular remodelling.
Comparative Analysis and Framework Evaluating Web Single Sign-on Systems (2020)

We perform a comprehensive analysis and comparison of 14 web single sign-on (SSO) systems proposed and/or deployed over the past decade, including federated identity and credential/password management schemes. We identify common design properties and use them to develop a taxonomy for SSO schemes, highlighting the associated tradeoffs in benefits (positive attributes) offered. We develop a framework to evaluate the schemes, in which we identify 14 security, usability, deployability, and privacy benefits. We also discuss how differences in priorities between users, service providers, and identity providers impact the design and deployment of SSO schemes.
A Novel Intervention Including Individualized Nutritional Recommendations Reduces Hemoglobin A1c Level, Medication Use, and Weight in Type 2 Diabetes (2017)

These initial results indicate that an individualized program delivered and supported remotely that incorporates nutritional ketosis can be highly effective in improving glycemic control and weight loss in adults with T2D while significantly decreasing medication use.
Symbol Level Beam Selection and Precoding in mm-wave Beamspace MU-MISO Systems (2021)

In this paper, we address a joint design of symbol level beam selection and precoding in the multi-user downlink beamspace multiple-input single-output (MISO) system. Unlike the general concept of eliminating or avoiding inter-user interference, the symbol level design aims to exploit the constructive interference at symbol level among the multiple users. To optimize the constructive interference while ensuring the signal interference noise ratio (SINR), a cardinality constrained minimum mean square error (MMSE) problem with per-beam power limitation is formulated. To resolve this non-convex and non-smooth problem, we propose a penalty proximal alternating linearized minimization based algorithm, in which a sequence of penalty sub-problems are solved by iteratively executing two projections: selective constructive signal region projection and sparse beam selection projection. From the extensive simulation results, the convergence of the proposed algorithm and its effectiveness are demonstrated.
Repression of cyclin D1: a novel function of MYC. (1994)

Constitutive expression of human MYC represses mRNA levels of cyclin D1 in proliferating BALB/c-3T3 fibroblasts. We expressed a series of mutant alleles of MYC and found that downregulation of cyclin D1 is distinct from previously described properties of MYC. In particular, we found that association with Max is not required for repression of cyclin D1 by MYC in vivo. Conversely, the integrity of a small amino-terminal region (amino acids 92 to 106) of MYC is critical for repression of cyclin D1 but dispensable for transformation of established RAT1A cells. Runoff transcription assays showed that repression occurs at the level of transcription initiation. We cloned the promoter of the gene for human cyclin D1 and found that it lacks a canonical TATA element. Transcription starts at an initiator element similar to that of the adenovirus major late promoter; this element can be directly bound by USF in vitro. Expression of MYC represses the cyclin D1 promoter via core promoter elements and antagonizes USF-mediated transactivation. Taken together, our data define a new pathway for gene regulation by MYC and show that the cyclin D1 gene is a target gene for repression by MYC.
A 22nm 2.5MB slice on-die L3 cache for the next generation Xeon ® processor (2013)

The 20-way set associative 2.5MB slice ported L3 cache for the multi-core Xeon® Processor uses 0.108 um2 cell in a 22nm tri-gate technology with 2.7TB maximum bandwidth. It is protected by double-error correction/triple-error detection ECC. The basic building block is designed to support floorplan style on each processor with large L3 cache. On die fuse storage enables high resolution repair coverage. Programmable transient voltage collapse writes assist (TVC-WA), wordline underdrive read assist (WLUD-RA) circuits (RWA) is used to achieve aggressive Vccmin goal. Per-die post silicon RWA fusing and per-die post silicon redundancy flow have significantly improved L3 cache Vccmin by more than 150mv.Shutoff per slice features has reduced SRAM leakage.
Forbidden pitches for 130-nm lithography and below (2000)

Experiments and simulations were done to determine which pitches are forbidden for 130nm and 110nm features. Off axis illumination, annular and Quasar, and different reticle types, binary mask (BIM), 6 percent attenuating phase shift mask (PSM), 18 percent attenuating PSM, and alternating PSM were simulated and were exposed on an ASML PAS5500/700. Except for the 1:1 line to space ratio, Quasar for the BIM and the attenuated PSM had the largest process window without forbidden pitches. By increasing the transmission the exposure latitude increases. Increasing transmission, however, does not improve the depth of focus (DOF). Annular illumination was ineffective in increasing the DOF beyond 0.5micrometers for both the 130nm and 110nm features. The alternating PSM with low sigma had no forbidden pitches and had the largest DOF. Alternating PSM with high sigma however, was unable to resolve the dense pitches with sufficient process window.
Reduction of voltage and torque fluctuations in DFIGs fed by multilevel inverters (2012)

This paper presents methods for eliminating flicker phenomenon and reducing torque and power fluctuations in doubly-fed induction generators whose rotors is fed by thyristor-based inverters. First, effects of rotor harmonics on interharmonic content of stator voltage and torque fluctuations are analyzed. Then, methods including selective harmonic elimination (SHE) in two- and multilevel inverters by controlling switching angles are applied. Two approaches for elimination of harmonics on rotor side are studied. In the first approach, interharmonics having frequencies lower than 40 Hz for the aim of flicker reduction are eliminated. In the second approach frequencies lower than 120 Hz are eliminated for the aim of improving voltage quality. Simulation of a DFIG in both stand-alone and grid-connected conditions validates the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Uncertainty analysis of the SWEPP drum assay system for graphite content code 300 (1995)

The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory is being used as a temporary storage facility for transuranic waste generated by the U.S. Nuclear Weapons program at the Rocky Flats Plant (RFP) in Golden, Colorado. Currently, there is a large effort in progress to prepare to ship this waste to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in Carlsbad, New Mexico. In order to meet the TRU Waste Characterization Quality Assurance Program Plan nondestructive assay compliance requirements and quality assurance objectives, it is necessary to determine the total uncertainty of the radioassay results produced by the Stored Waste Examination Pilot Plant (SWEPP) Passive Active Neutron (PAN) radioassay system. This paper discusses a modified statistical sampling and verification approach used to determine the total uncertainty of a SWEPP/PAN measurement. In this modified approach the total performance of the SWEPP/PAN nondestructive assay system is simulated using computer models of the assay system and the resultant output is compared with the known input to assess the total uncertainty. The first waste form to be tested using this approach is weapons grade plutonium-contaminated graphite molds contained in 207 liter drums. The validity of the simulation approach is verified by comparing simulated output against results from calibration measurements usingmore » known plutonium sources and a graphite waste form calibration drum. For actual graphite waste form conditions, a set of 50 cases covering a statistical sampling of the conditions exhibited in graphite wastes was compiled using a Latin hypercube statistical sampling approach. The distributions from which Latin hypercube sample was drawn was derived from reviews of approximately 100 real-time radiography video tapes of RFP graphite waste drums, results from previous SWEPP/PAN measurements on graphite waste drums, and shipping data from RFP where the graphite waste was generated.« less
Assembly of Immunogenic Protein Particles toward Advanced Synthetic Vaccines (2022)

Immunogenic carrier proteins such as the non-toxic diphtheria toxin variant, cross-reacting material 197 (CRM197), are widely used in subunit vaccine formulations to boost immunogenicity of chemically conjugated antigens. Conjugate vaccines are inherently expensive due to laborious manufacturing steps. Here, this work develops a particulate vaccine platform based on using engineered Escherichia coli to assemble CRM197-antigen fusion proteins into discrete submicron-sized particles. This approach enables precise loading of diverse antigens and epitopes enhancing their immunogenicity. A cost-effective, high-yield, and scalable biomanufacturing process is developed. Purified particulate CRM197-antigen vaccines are ambient-temperature stable. CRM197 particles incorporating pathogen-specific antigens or epitopes from SARS-CoV-2, Streptococcus pyogenes (group A), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced cell-mediated and humoral immune responses mediating protective immunity in respective animal models of infection. The CRM197 particle vaccine platform is versatile, enabling co-delivery of selected antigens/epitopes together with immunogenic CRM197 as discrete stable particles avoiding laborious manufacture of soluble CRM197 and antigen followed by chemical conjugation.
Novel Architecture forReconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer UsingSingle Arrayed Waveguide Grating (2007)

A noveloptical add-drop multiplexer using arrayed waveguide grating isproposed foroptical transport networks. Byuseofcirculators inthecoupled fold-back paths betweendemultiplexed channels, we improve thelossmargin andcrosstalk performances.
ADAMTS18 Deficiency Leads to Pulmonary Hypoplasia and Bronchial Microfibril Accumulation (2020)

ADAMTSs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) are secreted metalloproteinases that play a major role in the assembly and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, we show that ADAMTS18, produced by the epithelial cells of distal airways and mesenchymal cells in lung apex at early embryonic stages, serves as a morphogen in lung development. ADAMTS18 deficiency leads to reduced number and length of bronchi, tipped lung apexes, and dilated alveoli. These developmental defects worsen lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in adult <i>Adamts18-</i>deficient mice. ADAMTS18 deficiency also causes increased levels of fibrillin1 and fibrillin2, bronchial microfibril accumulation, decreased focal adhesion kinase signaling, and disruption of F-actin organization. Our findings indicate that ECM homeostasis mediated by ADAMTS18 is pivotal in airway branching morphogenesis.
High-frequency jet nozzle actuators for noise reduction (2003)

Rules governing airport noise levels are becoming more restrictive and will soon affect the operation of commercial air traffic. Sound produced by jet engine exhaust, particularly during takeoff, is a major contributor to the community noise problem. The noise spectrum is broadband in character and is produced by turbulent mixing of primary, secondary, and ambient streams of the jet engine exhaust. As a potential approach to controlling the noise levels, piezoelectric bimorph actuators have been tailored to enhance the mixing of a single jet with its quiescent environment. The actuators are located at the edge of the nozzle and protrude into the exhaust stream. Several actuator configurations were considered to target two excitation frequencies, 250 Hz and 900 Hz, closely coupled to the naturally unstable frequencies of the mixing process. The piezoelectric actuators were constructed of 10 mil thick d<sub>31</sub> poled wafer PZT-5A material bonded to either 10 or 20 mil thick spring steel substrates. Linear analytical beam models and NASTRAN finite element models were used to predict and assess the dynamic performance of the actuators. Experimental mechanical and electrical performance measurements were used to validate the models. A 3 inch diameter nozzle was fitted with actuators and tested in the Boeing Quiet Air Facility with the jet velocity varied from 50 to 1000 ft/s. Performance was evaluated using near-field and far-field acoustic data, flow visualization, and actuator health data. The overall sound pressure level produced from the 3 inch diameter jet illustrates the effect of both static and active actuators.
The REVision Using Imaging to Guide Staging and Evaluation (REVISE) in ACL Reconstruction Classification (2019)

Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) procedures are increasing in incidence and possess markedly inferior clinical outcomes (76% satisfaction) and return-to-sports (57%) rates than their primary counterparts. Given their complexity, a universal language is required to identify and communicate the technical challenges faced with revision procedures and guide treatment strategies. The proposed REV: ision using I: maging to guide S: taging and E: valuation (REVISE) ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) Classification can serve as a foundation for this universal language that is feasible and practical with acceptable inter-rater agreement. A focus group of sports medicine fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons was assembled to develop a classification to assess femoral/tibial tunnel "usability" (placement, widening, overlap) and guide the revision reconstruction strategy (one-stage vs. two-stage) post-failed ACL reconstruction. Twelve board-certified sports medicine orthopaedic surgeons independently applied the classification to the de-identified computed tomographic (CT) scan data of 10 patients, randomly selected, who failed ACL reconstruction. An interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated (with 95% confidence intervals) to assess agreement among reviewers concerning the three major classifications of the proposed system. Across surgeons, and on an individual patient basis, there was high internal validity and observed agreement on treatment strategy (one-stage vs. two-stage revision). Reliability testing of the classification using CT scan data demonstrated an ICC (95% confidence interval) of 0.92 (0.80-0.98) suggesting "substantial" agreement between the surgeons across all patients for all elements of the classification. The proposed REVISE ACL Classification, which employs CT scan analysis to both identify technical issues and guide revision ACL treatment strategy (one- or two-stage), constitutes a feasible and practical system with high internal validity, high observed agreement, and substantial inter-rater agreement. Adoption of this classification, both clinically and in research, will help provide a universal language for orthopaedic surgeons to discuss these complex clinical presentations and help standardize an approach to diagnosis and treatment to improve patient outcomes. The Level of Evidence for this study is 3.
Optically active defects in an InAsP/InP quantum well monolithically grown on SrTiO3(001) (2009)

The optical properties of an InAsP/InP quantum well grown on a SrTiO3(001) substrate are analyzed. At 13 K, the photoluminescence yield of the well is comparable to that of a reference well grown on an InP substrate. Increasing the temperature leads to the activation of nonradiative mechanisms for the sample grown on SrTiO3. The main nonradiative channel is related to the thermal excitation of the holes to the first heavy hole excited state, followed by the nonradiative recombination of the carriers on twins and/or domain boundaries, in the immediate vicinity of the well.
The Impact of the Induction of Multidrug Resistance Transporters in Therapies by Used Drugs: Recent Studies (2012)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) against groups of therapeutic drugs emerged to a central problem in the treatment of various diseases, i.e. cancer and infectious diseases like HIV or malaria. ABC transporters namely P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and various multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRPs) mainly contribute to the MDR phenomenon in cancer treatment and HIV therapy. Their cellular expression in respective cells like cancer cells lowers the intracellular drug concentrations and thus reasons the cellular resistance. The induction of such efflux pumps occurs during the therapy with drugs which will be affected by the MDR phenomenon as a consequence of the induction. In this review studies which report such drugs-caused inductions will be viewed. The review will cover the literature of recent years and attract attention to this important question in drug resistance. Finally, the discussion will suggest possible strategies to overcome the problem, i. e. by using non-inducing drugs.
Data plane and control architectures for 5G transport networks (2015)

Next generation 5G mobile system will support the vision of connecting all devices that benefit from a connection. Transport networks need to support the required capacity, latency and flexibility. This paper outlines how 5G transport networks will address these requirements.
A novel approach to polysubstituted 3-aryl-2(1H)-pyridinones (2001)

-Benzotriazolylalkyl ketone 9, easily prepared from -chloroacetophenone and benzotriazole, react readily with arylacetamides 7 and aldehydes 8 to give single regioisomers of polysubstituted 3-aryl-2(1H)-pyridinones 10 in moderate to good yields.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. garlic n. f. sp. causing basal rot of garlic. (1986)

[in Japanese]
Analysis of ceramides in cosmetics by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with collision‐induced dissociation (2002)

A rapid, sensitive and selective method involving reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) was employed for determination of commercial ceramides in cosmetics for quality control of the product formulation. Using this LC/ESI-MS technique, simultaneous separation and characterization of ceramides and an impurity substance were possible. Informative fragmentation patterns were obtained by employing LC/ESI-MS in both positive and negative ionization modes to identify the structures of both sphingoid base and N-acyl chains of ceramides, and also of an impurity. The combination of positive and negative mass spectra can be used for unambiguous confirmation of ceramides and for characterization of unknown species. In-source collision-induced fragmentation resulted in characteristic product anions for the ceramides containing a phytosphingosine moiety at m/z 267, 255 and 225, and for those with a sphingosine moiety at m/z 263 and 237, regardless of the length of the fatty acyl chains. The detection limit was about 0.5 pmol in selected-ion monitoring mode. Quantification using internal standards showed good linearity and a relative standard deviation of 4%. These ceramides were more sensitively detected in positive than in negative ion mode.
Partially bio‐based furyl‐functionalized organosoluble poly(ether ether ketone)s (2020)

Abstract A new series of partially bio‐based (co)poly(ether ether ketone)s bearing pendent furyl groups was synthesized by nucleophilic aromatic substitution polycondensation of varying molar proportions of 4,4′‐(furan‐2‐ylmethylene)bis(2‐methoxyphenol) and bisphenol‐A with 4,4′‐difluorobenzophenone. The chemical structures, compositions and random nature of (co)poly(ether ether ketone)s were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. Inherent viscosities and number‐average molecular weights of the (co)poly(ether ether ketone)s were in the range 0.74–2.90 dL g −1 and 33 500–46 300 g mol −1 , respectively, indicating the formation of reasonably high molecular weight polymers. (Co)poly(ether ether ketone)s were readily soluble in common organic solvents and could be cast into tough, transparent and flexible films from chloroform solutions. (Co)poly(ether ether ketone)s exhibited 10% weight loss and glass transition temperatures in the range 429–464 and 152–156 °C, respectively. A representative copoly(ether ether ketone) was crosslinked with 1,1′‐(methylenedi‐1,4‐phenylene)bismaleimide via Diels–Alder reaction to form a crosslinked polymer which showed improved mechanical properties and was recycled twice without significant loss of mechanical properties. Diels–Alder/retro Diels–Alder reaction was demonstrated by studies of sol–gel transformation, solubility tests, DSC and stress–strain measurements. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry