gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of Vitamin D metabolites on the calcification of cartilage matrix and the C-propeptide of type II collagen (Chondrocalcin) (1988)

The influence of vitamin D metabolites (at 1 X 10(-10) M) on the calcification of cartilage matrix (measured by 45Ca2+ uptake) and the C-propeptide of type II collagen (measured by radioimmunoassay) has been studied using organ cultures and chondrocytes isolated from growth plates of vitamin D-deficient and -sufficient 11-day-old rats. Vitamin D-deficient rats had reduced amounts of C-propeptide in their serum and freshly isolated growth plate chondrocytes. In all chondrocytes cultured from vitamin D-deficient animals, the C-propeptide content was maximal at 24 hr whereas calcification continued to increase for up to 72 hr. In organ and chondrocyte cultures of tissue from vitamin D-sufficient rats, both 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25(OH)2D3) were required for maximal stimulation of calcification and maximal increases in C-propeptide content. In these D-replete tissues, 24,25-(OH)2D3 had a less stimulatory effect on both calcification (organ and cell cultures) and C-propeptide (organ cultures only), while 1,25(OH)2D3 alone had no effect in cell cultures but an inhibitory effect in organ cultures. Studies of cells or tissue from growth plates of vitamin D-deficient rats demonstrated that 24,25(OH)2D3 alone produced maximal calcification and maximal increases in the C-propeptide content. 1,25(OH)2D3 generally had an inhibitory effect on both calcification and C-propeptide when used alone. In the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3, the stimulatory effect of 24,25(OH)2D3 was partly abrogated. Maximal stimulation of calcification and increases in C-propeptide by 24,25(OH)2D3 were observed at 1 X 10(-9) M and 1 X 10(-10) M. In none of these studies was there any effect on proteoglycan content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acridine orange as an alternative to optical density to study growth kinetics ofLactobacillus bulgaricusATCC 7517 (2013)

In this study we assessed the use of acridine orange as an alternative to optical density to quantify the growth of Lactobacillus bulgaricus ATCC 7517. The growth of bacteria in Lactobacillus de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) medium was measured by both acridine orange (AO) and optical density (OD) measurements for 24 h. The relationship between both methods was compared via correlation analysis. The doubling time of bacteria based on the values of OD600 and AO obtained during 24 h growth were also calculated. The result shows strong correlation of cell growth between OD600 and AO during the first 10 hours of growth, but the correlation was less strong when analyzing the data from 0 to 24 hours. Growth rates, generation time and lag time were also similar. This study indicates that AO could be used in place of OD to prepare growth curves of Lactobacillus bulgaricus during the exponential phase of growth, and to compare growth rates, generation times or lag times.
Supplemental Figure 6 from CUE-101, a Novel E7-pHLA-IL2-Fc Fusion Protein, Enhances Tumor Antigen-Specific T-Cell Activation for the Treatment of HPV16-Driven Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 6. Characterization of E7-specific CD8+ T cells in mice bearing TC-1 tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Direct observation of nitrogen monofluoride(x) using laser-induced fluorescence: determination of the hydrogen atom + nitrogen difluoride branching ratio (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect observation of nitrogen monofluoride(x) using laser-induced fluorescence: determination of the hydrogen atom + nitrogen difluoride branching ratioR. F. Heidner III, Henry Helvajian, J. S. Holloway, and J. Brooke KoffendCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 23, 7818–7823Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100360a019https://doi.org/10.1021/j100360a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Disappearance of Inner Tubes and Generation of Double-wall Carbon Nanotubes from Highly Dense Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes by Heat Treatment (2006)

We previously reported that highly dense multiwall carbon nanotubes (hd-MWNTs) with the innermost tube diameters of about 0.4 nm and outside diameters of 5−20 nm were obtained easily with yields higher than 90% by evaporation of graphite with radio frequency (RF) plasma (Koshio et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2002, 356, 595). This report shows that vacuum heat-treatment at 2200 °C or higher is useful to preferentially remove single to three inside tubes from hd-MWNTs depending on the heat-treatment temperatures. At the same time, we found that double-wall carbon nanotubes were newly generated, the mechanism of which is unclear.
Supplementary Tables from A Bispecific γδ T-cell Engager Targeting EGFR Activates a Potent Vγ9Vδ2 T cell–Mediated Immune Response against EGFR-Expressing Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary tables 1-6&lt;/p&gt;
Fiber Bragg Grating Inscription in Multicore and Speciality Optical Fibers (2018)

Fiber Bragg gratings are powerful tools for sensing and telecommunication, but applications in spectroscopy (astronomy and biophotonics) and fiber lasers require the use of fibers with increased étendue to guide an increased amount of light. On the other hand, the amount of light that can be guided in an optical fiber is linked to the supported amount of guided modes which changes filtering performance of the Bragg gratings essentially. Additionally, special applications require fibers without Germanium doping. In this case, updated concepts of photosensitivity are required. Therefore, several aspects have to be taken into account when Bragg filters are applied where the amount of guided light is essential.
Time Matters in Regularizing Deep Networks: Weight Decay and Data Augmentation Affect Early Learning Dynamics, Matter Little Near Convergence (2019)

Regularization is typically understood as improving generalization by altering the landscape of local extrema to which the model eventually converges. Deep neural networks (DNNs), however, challenge this view: We show that removing regularization after an initial transient period has little effect on generalization, even if the final loss landscape is the same as if there had been no regularization. In some cases, generalization even improves after interrupting regularization. Conversely, if regularization is applied only after the initial transient, it has no effect on the final solution, whose generalization gap is as bad as if regularization never happened. This suggests that what matters for training deep networks is not just whether or how, but when to regularize. The phenomena we observe are manifest in different datasets (CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100), different architectures (ResNet-18, All-CNN), different regularization methods (weight decay, data augmentation), different learning rate schedules (exponential, piece-wise constant). They collectively suggest that there is a ``critical period'' for regularizing deep networks that is decisive of the final performance. More analysis should, therefore, focus on the transient rather than asymptotic behavior of learning.
On-line spam filter fusion (2006)

We show that a set of independently developed spam filters may be combined in simple ways to provide substantially better filtering than any of the individual filters. The results of fifty-three spam filters evaluated at the TREC 2005 Spam Track were combined post-hoc so as to simulate the parallel on-line operation of the filters. The combined results were evaluated using the TREC methodology, yielding more than a factor of two improvement over the best filter. The simplest method -- averaging the binary classifications returned by the individual filters -- yields a remarkably good result. A new method -- averaging log-odds estimates based on the scores returned by the individual filters -- yields a somewhat better result, and provides input to SVM- and logistic-regression-based stacking methods. The stacking methods appear to provide further improvement, but only for very large corpora. Of the stacking methods, logistic regression yields the better result. Finally, we show that it is possible to select a priori small subsets of the filters that, when combined, still outperform the best individual filter by a substantial margin.
Slower skeletal muscle phenotypes are critical for constitutive expression of Hsp70 in overloaded rat plantaris muscle (2005)

Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp70) is constitutively expressed in rat hindlimb muscles, reportedly in proportion to their content of type I myosin heavy chain. This distribution pattern has been suggested to result from the higher recruitment and activity of such muscles and/or a specific relationship between myosin phenotype and Hsp70 content. To differentiate between these possibilities, the fiber-specific distribution of Hsp70 was examined in male Sprague-Dawley rat plantaris under control conditions, following a fast-to-slow phenotypic shift in response to surgically induced overload (O) and in response to O when the phenotypic shift was prevented by 3,5,3'-triiodo-dl-thyronine administration. Constitutive expression of Hsp70 was restricted to type I and IIa fibers in plantaris from control rats, and this fiber-specific pattern of expression was maintained following O of up to 28 days, although Hsp70 content in the O muscle doubled. When O (for 40 days) of the plantaris was combined with 3,5,3'-triiodo-dl-thyronine administration, despite typical hypertrophy in the overloaded plantaris, prevention of the normal phenotypic transformation also blocked the increased expression of Hsp70 observed in euthyroid controls. Collectively, these data suggest that chronic changes in constitutive expression of Hsp70 with altered contractile activity appear critically dependent on fast-to-slow phenotypic remodeling.
Extraction of Airways using Graph Neural Networks (2018)

We present extraction of tree structures, such as airways, from image data as a graph refinement task. To this end, we propose a graph auto-encoder model that uses an encoder based on graph neural networks (GNNs) to learn embeddings from input node features and a decoder to predict connections between nodes. Performance of the GNN model is compared with mean-field networks in their ability to extract airways from 3D chest CT scans.
Extended bandwidth wavelength swept laser source for high resolution optical frequency domain imaging (2017)

Improving the axial resolution by providing wider bandwidth wavelength swept lasers remains an important issue for optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI). Here, we demonstrate a wide tuning range, all-fiber wavelength swept laser at a center wavelength of 1250 nm by combining two ring cavities that share a single Fabry-Perot tunable filter. The two cavities contain semiconductor optical amplifiers with central wavelengths of 1190 nm and 1292 nm, respectively. To avoid disturbing interference effects in the overlapping spectral region, we modulated the amplifiers in order to obtain consecutive wavelength sweeps in the two spectral regions. The two sweeps were fused together in post-processing to achieve a total scanning range of 223 nm, corresponding to 3.3 µm axial resolution in air. We confirm improved image quality and reduced speckle size in tomograms of swine esophagus ex vivo, and human skin and nailbed in vivo.
Fast server-aided secret computation protocols for modular exponentiation (1993)

Four efficient server-aided computation protocols for the modular exponentiation operation are proposed. The server-aided computation protocol is a two-party protocol between the client and the server. This protocol has two objectives. The first is to allow the client to borrow the computational power from the server to reduce the computation time. Note that the server is powerful, but restricted to polynomial time. The second objective is to keep the client's exponent secret from the server. Efficient and secure protocols which disclose no knowledge about the secret exponent are proposed. The protocols are based on efficient exponentiation algorithms. The computation time depends on the server's power and the speed of the channel between the client and the server. The normalized computation time is introduced and used to evaluate the protocols. It is shown that, for typical parameters, the protocol is the most efficient one ever proposed to provide the highest security level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: An Olefination Entry for the Synthesis of Enantiopure α,ω‐Diaminodicarboxylates and Azabicyclo[X.Y.0]alkane Amino Acids. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dialogue act tagging with Transformation-Based Learning (1998)

For the task of recognizing dialogue acts, we are applying the Transformation-Based Learning (TBL) machine learning algorithm. To circumvent a sparse data problem, we extract values of well-motivated features of utterances, such as speaker direction, punctuation marks, and a new feature, called dialogue act cues, which we find to be more effective than cue phrases and word n-grams in practice. We present strategies for constructing a set of dialogue act cues automatically by minimizing the entropy of the distribution of dialogue acts in a training corpus, filtering out irrelevant dialogue act cues, and clustering semantically-related words. In addition, to address limitations of TBL, we introduce a Monte Carlo strategy for training efficiently and a committee method for computing confidence measures. These ideas are combined in our working implementation, which labels held-out data as accurately as any other reported system for the dialogue act tagging task.
Ilimaquinone and 5-epi-Ilimaquinone: Beyond a Simple Diastereomeric Ratio, Biosynthetic Considerations from NMR-Based Analysis (2016)

Dactylospongia metachromia and Dactylospongia elegans collected from French Polynesia were studied with a particular focus on the variation of the diastereomeric ratio between ilimaquinone (4) and 5-epi-ilimaquinone (5). More than 100 samples, covering an area of 4100 km2, were studied to try to clarify this intriguing issue. Nuclear magnetic resonance appeared as the non-destructive, straightforward technique of choice for a relative quantitative study. A random distribution, unique at that point in nature, is observed and leads to biosynthetic considerations. Biological evaluation of both compounds was also performed and showed moderate discrepancies in cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction.
Simulation of Aerosol Fields over South Asia Using CHIMERE - Part-II:Performance Evaluation (2016)

International audience
Host Fate is Rapidly Determined by Innate Effector-Microbial Interactions During Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteremia (2014)

The lethality of A. baumannii strains depends on distinct stages. Strains resistant to early innate effectors are able to establish very high early bacterial blood density, and subsequent sustained bacteremia leads to Toll-like receptor 4-mediated hyperinflammation and lethality. These results have important implications for translational efforts to develop therapies that modulate host-microbe interactions.
Millimeter Wave Position Location using Multipath Differentiation for 3GPP using Field Measurements (2020)

3GPP air interface standards support meter-level position location of a user in a cellular network. With wider bandwidths and narrow antenna beamwidths available at mmWave frequencies, cellular networks now have the potential to provide sub-meter position location for each user. In this work, we provide an overview of 3GPP position location techniques that are designed for line-of-sight propagation. We discuss additional measurements required in the 3GPP standard that enable multipath-based non-line-of-sight position location. Further, we validate the concepts in this paper by using field data to test a map-based position location algorithm in an indoor office environment which has dimensions of 35 m by 65.5 m. We demonstrate how the fusion of angle of arrival and time of flight information in concert with a 3-D map of the office provides a mean accuracy of 5.72 cm at 28 GHz and 6.29 cm at 140 GHz, over 23 receiver distances ranging from 4.2 m to 32.3 m, using a single base station in line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight. We also conduct a theoretical analysis of the typical error experienced in the map-based position location algorithm and show that the complexity of the map-based algorithm is low enough to allow real-time implementation.
The next chip challenge (2002)

The next generation of computer chips will continue the trend for more complexity than their predecessors. Many of them will contain different chip technologies and are termed SoCs (System on a Chip). They present to the process community, the system and circuit communities, as well as to the design and test communities major new challenges. On the other hand they also offer at the same time also new opportunities!. For one, the desire to bring more functionality onto a single chip tends to require additional processing, which in turn results in various degrees of device compromises. The chips will also tend to become larger due to the added device content, and this generally will impact the yieldability of the final chip. And such chips will require potentially new approaches to validate the intended design performances. Chip sector reuse must also be brought into the discussion and wherever possible into practice. The net effect implies higher chip costs. Much of the industry's efforts are therefore focused in addressing these challenges; however, so far, not yet very successfully. The alternative has been to continue in the placement of chips onto substrate modules. Yet, this solution creates practical limits on achievable wiring densities and bandwidth, due to the spacing requirements of the C4 interconnection. Furthermore, every C4 joint is associated with a signal delay of about 50 psec. All of these handicaps would potentially benefit greatly from new SoC methods, starting with the fabrication methodology and extending it into the chip design and test areas.Such a direction has been set in motion. The opportunity for a uniquely new chip fabrication method has emerged by combining a set of somewhat diverse processes. It is based on a judicious selection of process elements from the traditional chip area and combined with those of a somewhat more recent chip packaging process methodology. This approach results in overcoming simultaneously all of the key current process limitations as experienced with today's SoC chip designs, as well as eliminates certain chip packaging technology handicaps. Yet, it does not require the need for new process tooling. It relies on currently existing process tooling and process methodologies.New opportunities for yet another expansion of theThis new process direction has been found to be quite applicable to a number of desirable SoC device designs, and offers current semiconductor technology base over the next few years. However, effective SoC designs and fabrications require a much closer and earlier collaboration between the process, design and test communities.
Towards automatic detection of age-related macular degeneration in retinal fundus images (2010)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The disease is highly associated with age, and becoming increasingly prevalent in our aging societies. Drusen is a pathological feature that is well-associated with AMD. In this paper, we present a method of detecting drusen in retinal fundus images. The method first determines the location of the macula, which is used as a landmark for a clinical drusen grading overlay. Subsequently, regions of drusen are identified though a maximal region-based pixel intensity approach via RGB and HSV channels. Methods of reducing the effect of retinal and choroidal vessels are also described. The system is tested on a sample set of 16 fundus images from a clinical study, with half having drusen. Experiments on the results show a sensitivity and specificity of 0.75 on the test image set.
Photonic Bandgap Fiber Filter Design Based on Nonproximity Resonant Coupling Mechanism (2007)

The possibility of designing compact ultranarrow bandpass filters based on the phenomenon of nonproximity resonant tunneling in multicore photonic bandgap fibers is proposed and numerically demonstrated in this investigation by making use of versatile algorithms based on the finite-element method. The proposed multifunctional assembly exhibits bandpass transmission characteristics at four closed spaced wavelengths with a 3-dB bandwidth of about 1.2 nm and an insertion loss of about 0.8dB. The isolation level between neighbor channels, ranging from 12dB up to 15 dB, could be achieved at optical frequencies. The overall device performance offers some promising propagation characteristics for various all-fiber narrow bandpass filters.
F1 query (2018)

F1 Query is a stand-alone, federated query processing platform that executes SQL queries against data stored in different file-based formats as well as different storage systems at Google (e.g., Bigtable, Spanner, Google Spreadsheets, etc.). F1 Query eliminates the need to maintain the traditional distinction between different types of data processing workloads by simultaneously supporting: (i) OLTP-style point queries that affect only a few records; (ii) low-latency OLAP querying of large amounts of data; and (iii) large ETL pipelines. F1 Query has also significantly reduced the need for developing hard-coded data processing pipelines by enabling declarative queries integrated with custom business logic. F1 Query satisfies key requirements that are highly desirable within Google: (i) it provides a unified view over data that is fragmented and distributed over multiple data sources; (ii) it leverages datacenter resources for performant query processing with high throughput and low latency; (iii) it provides high scalability for large data sizes by increasing computational parallelism; and (iv) it is extensible and uses innovative approaches to integrate complex business logic in declarative query processing. This paper presents the end-to-end design of F1 Query. Evolved out of F1, the distributed database originally built to manage Google's advertising data, F1 Query has been in production for multiple years at Google and serves the querying needs of a large number of users and systems.