gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance elastography in nonlinear viscoelastic materials under load (2018)

Characterisation of soft tissue mechanical properties is a topic of increasing interest in translational and clinical research. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has been used in this context to assess the mechanical properties of tissues in vivo noninvasively. Typically, these analyses rely on linear viscoelastic wave equations to assess material properties from measured wave dynamics. However, deformations that occur in some tissues (e.g. liver during respiration, heart during the cardiac cycle, or external compression during a breast exam) can yield loading bias, complicating the interpretation of tissue stiffness from MRE measurements. In this paper, it is shown how combined knowledge of a material's rheology and loading state can be used to eliminate loading bias and enable interpretation of intrinsic (unloaded) stiffness properties. Equations are derived utilising perturbation theory and Cauchy's equations of motion to demonstrate the impact of loading state on periodic steady-state wave behaviour in nonlinear viscoelastic materials. These equations demonstrate how loading bias yields apparent material stiffening, softening and anisotropy. MRE sensitivity to deformation is demonstrated in an experimental phantom, showing a loading bias of up to twofold. From an unbiased stiffness of [Formula: see text] Pa in unloaded state, the biased stiffness increases to 9767.5 [Formula: see text]1949.9 Pa under a load of [Formula: see text] 34% uniaxial compression. Integrating knowledge of phantom loading and rheology into a novel MRE reconstruction, it is shown that it is possible to characterise intrinsic material characteristics, eliminating the loading bias from MRE data. The framework introduced and demonstrated in phantoms illustrates a pathway that can be translated and applied to MRE in complex deforming tissues. This would contribute to a better assessment of material properties in soft tissues employing elastography.
Neutralizing Monoclonal Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Isolated from Immunized Rabbits Define Novel Vulnerable Spike-Protein Epitope (2021)

Monoclonal antibodies represent an important avenue for COVID-19 therapy and are routinely used for rapid and accessible diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants emphasized the need to enlarge the repertoire of antibodies that target diverse epitopes, the combination of which may improve immune-diagnostics, augment the efficiency of the immunotherapy and prevent selection of escape-mutants. Antigen-specific controlled immunization of experimental animals may elicit antibody repertoires that significantly differ from those generated in the context of the immune response mounted in the course of disease. Accordingly, rabbits were immunized by several recombinant antigens representing distinct domains of the viral spike protein and monoclonal antibodies were isolated from single cells obtained by cell sorting. Characterization of a panel of successfully isolated anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) and anti-N-terminal domain (NTD) antibodies demonstrated that they exhibit high specificity and affinity profiles. Anti-RBD antibodies revealing significant neutralizing potency against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro were found to target at least three distinct epitopes. Epitope mapping established that two of these antibodies recognized a novel epitope located on the surface of the RBD. We suggest that the antibodies isolated in this study are useful for designing SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and therapy approaches.
Mitigation of Higher Mode Effects in Base-Rocking Systems by Using Multiple Rocking Sections (2009)

Base-rocking systems have been proposed as a way to limit the seismic forces experienced by a structure without accepting structural damage. However, structural forces can increase significantly, even when the base moment is limited, because of higher mode effects. This article suggests that these effects may be substantially reduced by designing to allow rocking to occur at multiple locations over the height of a base-rocking system. This is confirmed by a statistical study of the response of 24 systems of varying height and joint configuration to two suites of 20 earthquakes, as well as by a case study of the response of five 12-story systems designed using a displacement-based procedure. The bending moment envelope above the base of the wall is shown to be greatly reduced by providing multiple rocking sections, while the peak displacements do not increase in magnitude or in variability.
Zmiennosc i ewolucja wirusa pryszczycy (2002)

The complex epidemic situation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)-a permanent threat in all world regions - has resulted, to a large extent, because of the characteristics of the virus. Antigenic pluralism, a tendency to rapid variability and lack of cross immunity increases animal's sensitivity to being infected by various anti-genie serotypes. This paper presents the different types of mutational formations and ways they change which, in turn, leads to genetic and antigenic differentiation within the FMD virus. The influence of particular environmental factors has resulted in the FMD virus continuing its evolutionary processes and acquiring new, previously unkonwn features. Therefore it is crucial to continue working to improve laboratory methods for diagnosing the disease and qualifying the relationship between strains iso-lated in various parts of the world and in successive epidemics over the course of time. This allows not only to ascertain the sources of infection, but also to supplement the phylogene etic trees comprising the relationships and differences in examined sequences between serotypes, subtypes, strains and antigenic variants, both in field cases as well as post-vaccination. The significance of FMD and the features of the FMD virus means that studies in evaluating variability within the evolutionary process should be carried out on a permanent basis.
Adoptive immunotherapy with autologous CD3/CD28-costimulated T cells after fludarabine-based chemotherapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (2011)

2557 Background: Fludarabine-based therapies prolong survival of patients (pts) with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but deplete CD4 T-cells causing immunosuppression which increases the risk of infection and may limit control of minimal residual disease by the immune system. Adoptive immunotherapy using autologous CD3/CD28-costimulated T-cells expanded ex vivo (ACTC) enhances immune reconstitution after fludarabine-based therapy of lymphoma (Schuster Blood abstract 2007). Methods: We conducted a multicenter phase I/II trial of ACTC following fludarabine-based therapy of CLL. After leukapheresis, pts received fludarabine-based therapy. 8 - 12 weeks after last chemotherapy, responding pts (CR, nPR, PR) received a single dose of ACTC prepared from autologous T-cells collected before chemotherapy. Results: 34 pts are enrolled (median age 62). To date, 13 pts are evaluable for studies of immune reconstitution at >90 days after ACTC. Prior to ACTC, 8 pts received FCR and 1 pt FR as first therapy, while 3 pts received FCR and 1 pt FCR + bevacizumab for previously treated CLL. Median ACTC dose was 6.81E+09 CD3 cells (range: 4.15E+08 - 1.05E+10). After chemotherapy prior to ACTC (d0), median CD4 count was 116 (range: 12-173); 90 days after ACTC (d90), median CD4 count was 384 (range 62-963) (p = 0.006; median fold CD4 increase 3.2, range 0.5 - 10.5). In contrast, median CD8 count did not change significantly (median: d0 = 79, range: 4-682; d90 = 257, range: 18-514). The increase in CD4 count between day 0 and day 90 was not dependent on ACTC dose. In 5/6 pts studied, significantly enhanced T-cell immunosynapse formation with autologous CLL (assay, Ramsay JCI 2008) was demonstrated by comparing percent synapse formation in post-ACTC product and pre-treatment peripheral blood T-cells (p < 0.005). There were no SAEs; 1 pt developed AIHA after ACTC. For 13 evaluable pts, at a median follow-up of 185 days (range: 92 - 497), PFS from ACTC is 91%. Conclusions: ACTC results in a dose-independent acceleration of CD4+ cell recovery after fludarabine-based chemotherapy compared to historical controls. Further studies of immune reconstitution following ACTC are in progress.
Electrorotation of colloidal particles in liquid crystals (2005)

We present the first observations of dc electric-field-induced rotational motion of finite particles in liquid crystals. We show that the electrorotation is essentially identical to the well-known Quincke rotation, which in liquid crystals triggers an additional translational motion at higher fields. In the smectic phase the translational motion is confined to the two-dimensional geometry of smectic layers, in contrast to the isotropic and nematic phases, where the particles can move in all three dimensions. We demonstrate that by a proper analysis of the electrorotation, one can determine the in-plane viscosity of smectic liquid crystals. This method needs only a small amount of material, does not require uniform alignment over large areas, and enables probing rheological properties locally.
High-power microwave-induced TM/sub 01/ plasma ring (1996)

Open-shutter photography was used to capture the air breakdown pattern induced by a TM/sub 01/ mode radiated by a high-power backward wave oscillator. The resultant plasma ring was formed in air adjacent to a conical horn antenna fitted with a membrane to keep the experiment under vacuum. This image was digitized and further processed using Khoros 2.0 software to obtain the dimensions of the plasma ring. This information was used in an air breakdown analysis to estimate the radiated power, and agrees within 10% with the power measured using field mapping with an open-ended WR-90 waveguide.
Supplementary Table S2 from Expansion of a BDCA1<sup>+</sup>CD14<sup>+</sup> Myeloid Cell Population in Melanoma Patients May Attenuate the Efficacy of Dendritic Cell Vaccines (2023)

&lt;p&gt;GSEA raw data generated by Bubble GUM software.&lt;/p&gt;
Comparison of Image Normalization Methods for Multi-Site Deep Learning (2023)

In this study, we evaluate the influence of normalization on the performance of deep learning networks for tumor segmentation and the prediction of the pathological response of locally advanced rectal cancer to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The techniques were applied to a multicenter and multimodal magnet resonance imaging data set consisting of 201 patients recorded at six centers. We implemented and investigated six different normalization methods (setting the mean and standard deviation, histogram matching, percentiles, combining percentiles and histogram matching, fixed window and an auto-encoder with adversarial loss using the imaging parameters) and evaluated their impact on four deep learning tasks: tumor segmentation, prediction of treatment outcome, and prediction of sex and age. The latter two tasks were implemented as a reference test. We trained a modified U-Net with different normalization methods in multiple configurations: on all images, images from all centers except one, and images from a single center. Our results show that normalization only plays a minor role in segmentation, with a difference in Dice of less than 0.02 between the best and worst performing networks. For the prediction of sex and treatment outcomes, the percentile method combined with histogram matching works best for all scenarios. The biggest difference in performance, depending on the normalization method, occurs for classification. In conclusion, normalization is especially important for small data sets or for generalizing to different data distributions. The deep learning method was superior to the classical methods only in a minority of cases, probably due to the limited amount of training data.
Analysis of the kinetics of electron transfer between blue copper proteins and inorganic redox agents. Reactions involving bis(dipicolinate) complexes of cobalt(III) and iron(II) and stellacyanin, plastocyanin, and azurin (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of the kinetics of electron transfer between blue copper proteins and inorganic redox agents. Reactions involving bis(dipicolinate) complexes of cobalt(III) and iron(II) and stellacyanin, plastocyanin, and azurinA. Grant Mauk, Emilio Bordignon, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 26, 7654–7657Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00390a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00390a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Autonomics in wireless network management: Advances in standards and further challenges (2011)

The increase of user traffic demand, the numerous and QoS-pretentious applications and services, as well as the evolving and emerging business models comprise prominent characteristics of the Future Internet (FI). They also comprise challenges that will necessitate significant alterations in the way that networks delivering FI services are managed, and which are insufficiently addressed by existing solutions. In this respect, autonomic systems exposing self-management and learning capabilities have appeared as the most viable direction for tackling the foreseen complexity and realizing the FI vision. At the same time wireless networking and its evolution will constitute an integral part of FI and thus, the adaptation and integration of the related exploratory work in autonomics into the existing wireless network management is a major challenge to address. The concept of Autonomic Wireless Network Management (AWNM) is the result of this integration. AWNM has been investigated by many research efforts, but also engaged working groups within major standardization bodies. This article will go through the most relevant related standardization activities and explain how autonomics-related ideas are integrated. In particular, 3GPP SON is considered as a rather near-time activity of the new trend in autonomic networking in the wireless domain; on the other hand, it is shown that IEEE DySPAN 1900.4/1900.4a and ETSI RRS Working Group 3 address more disruptive ways forward and are therefore targeting a mid- to longerterm time-frame. Extrapolating the inherent trends, the expected further evolution of the intelligently self-managed wireless communications framework is finally outlined.
An update on therapeutic opportunities offered by cancer glycolytic metabolism (2014)

Almost all invasive cancers, regardless of tissue origin, are characterized by specific modifications of their cellular energy metabolism. In fact, a strong predominance of aerobic glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation (Warburg effect) is usually associated with aggressive tumour phenotypes. This metabolic shift offers a survival advantage to cancer cells, since they may continue to produce energy and anabolites even when they are exposed to either transient or permanent hypoxic conditions. Moreover, it ensures a high production rate of glycolysis intermediates, useful as building blocks for fast cell proliferation of cancer cells. This peculiar metabolic profile may constitute an ideal target for therapeutic interventions that selectively hit cancer cells with minimal residual systemic toxicity. In this review we provide an update about some of the most recent advances in the discovery of new bioactive molecules that are able to interfere with cancer glycolysis.
Sucrose translocation in Pseudomonas saccharophila (1986)

Unlike many microorganisms, P. saccharophila is capable of growth on sucrose but not on glucose or fructose without prior mutation. For the wild-type sucrose uptake into cells requires induction by substrate and this is accompanied by the appearance of a membrane-bound protein with an apparent MW of approx. 84kDa. A constitutive, overproducer of this protein has been isolated and as expected this mutant transports sucrose in an amplified manner. Scatchard analysis of /sup 3/H-sucrose binding to cytoplasmic membranes reveals an apparent K/sub D/ of about 1.0..mu..M for both mutant and wild-type. In contrast mutant membranes contain 5-6 times more binding sites than the wild-type membranes. 6'-deoxy-6'-(2-hydroxy-4-azido)benzamido-sucrose (6'-HABS), a sucrose analogue, has been used to identify the protein responsible for sucrose binding. When cytoplasmic membranes are irradiated in the presence of /sup 125/I-6'-HABS, a significant portion of the radioactivity is found covalently associated with the 84kDa band in SDS-PAGE. Importantly, labeling of this band is largely prevented when unlabeled sucrose is present during photolysis. The authors believe that the 84kDa protein may be a sucrose permease and efforts are underway to reconstitute it in a functional form.
Line impedance estimation using model based identification technique (2011)

The estimation of the line impedance can be used by the control of numerous grid-connected systems, such as active filters, islanding detection techniques, non-linear current controllers, detection of the on/off grid operation mode. Therefore, estimating the line impedance can add extra functions into the operation of the grid-connected power converters. This paper describes a quasi passive method for estimating the line impedance of the distribution electricity network. The method uses the model based identification technique to obtain the resistive and inductive parts of the line impedance. The quasi-passive behaviour of the proposed method comes from the combination of the non intrusive behaviour of the passive methods with a better accuracy of the active methods. The simulation results reveal the good accuracy of the proposed method.
Cancer metabolism gets physical (2018)

Patient-derived culture models enable assessment of drug sensitivity and can connect personalized genomics with therapeutic options. However, their clinical translation is constrained by limited fidelity. We outline how the physical microenvironment regulates cell metabolism and describe how engineered culture systems could enhance the predictive power for precision medicine.
Effect of Crystallization Firing on Marginal Gap of CAD/CAM Fabricated Lithium Disilicate Crowns (2017)

The marginal gap of CAD/CAM-fabricated lithium disilicate crowns increases following crystallization firing. The marginal gap still remains within clinically acceptable parameters.
Totally synthetic coboglobin models with oxygen binding capabilities equivalent to those of coboglobin (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotally synthetic coboglobin models with oxygen binding capabilities equivalent to those of coboglobinJames C. Stevens and Daryle H. BuschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 9, 3285–3287Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00529a084https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00529a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Shear Stress Mediates Angiogenic Gene Expression in a Microfluidic Tumor Vascular Model (2012)

While research has shown that the fluid mechanics of the tumor vasculature reduce transport and uptake of therapeutics, the underlying role of these stresses in regulating tumor-endothelial cell signaling and neovascularization are not well understood. Understanding the reciprocal interaction between endothelial and tumor cells to mediate angiogenesis, and the effect of fluid shear on this process, may offer insight into the development of improved treatment modalities to control highly vascularized tumors. We have previously shown that breast cancer cells cultured under 2D, static conditions with endothelial cells significantly increase expression of pro-angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin 2 (ANG2) [1]. These preliminary results motivated the investigation of tumor-endothelial cross-talk under 3D, dynamic co-culture conditions.
Additions and Corrections - Malformin C, a New Metabolite of Aspergilus niger (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections - Malformin C, a New Metabolite of Aspergilus nigerRobert Anderegg, Klaus Biemann, George Büchi, and Mark CushmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 15, 5228Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1977Publication History Published online11 February 2004Published inissue 1 June 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00457a600https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00457a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts