gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon Photovoltaics Using Conducting Photonic Crystal Back‐Reflectors (2008)

Abstract Currently, research is being directed towards thinning conventional 200–300µm thick silicon photovoltaic cells by an order of magnitude or more. The benefits of reducing the cell thickness include decreased material costs, enhanced cell flexibility, and reduced effects of light‐induced degradation. However, one of the major challenges associated with reducing the active region to this extent is the corresponding reduction of light absorption. To mitigate this effect it has been proposed that the cell should incorporate enhanced light‐trapping strategies. One potential approach to enhance light trapping in thin photovoltaic cells is to structure the back‐reflector in the form of a photonic crystal (PC). It has recently been shown that two fundamental attributes of PC back‐reflectors optically coupled to thin semiconductor films contribute to enhanced absorption in the semiconductor: (i) the PC back‐reflector behaves as a perfect mirror, exhibiting complete reflection over stop‐gap frequencies; and (ii) the PC–semiconductor film interface couples incident light into resonant states that propagate along the plane of the film, thereby further enhancing the absorption. Although the ability of PC back‐reflectors to enhance absorption is encouraging, significant challenges arise when attempting to incorporate this light trapping technique in photovoltaic devices. Herein, we describe the underlying physical mechanisms that give rise to absorption enhancements in thin Si wafers featuring PC back‐reflectors, and describe hurdles that will have to be surmounted in order to reduce‐to‐practice a PC back‐reflector into an actual PV device.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC CHARACTER OF ALKYL RADICALS. PART 17. ABSOLUTE RATE CONSTANTS AND THE ALTERNATING EFFECT IN THE ADDITION OF ALKYL RADICALS TO STYRENE AND ACRYLIC MONOMERS (1978)

Abstract Durch Cu(I)‐Katalyse werden aus Dioctanoylperoxide (I) Heptyl‐Radikale R′ erzeugt, deren Reaktion mit Styrol (II) in Gegenwart von Cu(II) durch Bestimmung der Produkte (III)‐(V) (neben CO 2 und R‐COO′) kinetisch untersucht werden kann (k = 9.3 x 104 mol/l ‐ s).
Cloning and characterization of small RNAs from Medicago truncatula reveals four novel legume‐specific microRNA families (2009)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of gene expression in higher eukaryotes. Recent studies indicate that genomes in higher plants encode lineage-specific and species-specific miRNAs in addition to the well-conserved miRNAs. Leguminous plants are grown throughout the world for food and forage production. To date the lack of genomic sequence data has prevented systematic examination of small RNAs in leguminous plants. Medicago truncatula, a diploid plant with a near-completely sequenced genome has recently emerged as an important model legume. We sequenced a small RNA library generated from M. truncatula to identify not only conserved miRNAs but also novel small RNAs, if any. Eight novel small RNAs were identified, of which four (miR1507, miR2118, miR2119 and miR2199) are annotated as legume-specific miRNAs because these are conserved in related legumes. Three novel transcripts encoding TIR-NBS-LRR proteins are validated as targets for one of the novel miRNA, miR2118. Small RNA sequence analysis coupled with the small RNA blot analysis, confirmed the expression of around 20 conserved miRNA families in M. truncatula. Fifteen transcripts have been validated as targets for conserved miRNAs. We also characterized Tas3-siRNA biogenesis in M. truncatula and validated three auxin response factor (ARF) transcripts that are targeted by tasiRNAs. These findings indicate that M. truncatula and possibly other related legumes have complex mechanisms of gene regulation involving specific and common small RNAs operating post-transcriptionally.
Study of shellac-glycerol esters as anhydrous binding agents in tablet formulations (1988)

Shellac-glycerol reaction intermediates were prepared. Tablets were prepared using solutions of these esters as anhydrous binding agents (3.5) and evaluated. The esters exhibited excellent binding properties, imparting hardness to the tablets. The t50 for shellac and SG-33 (acid value 33) is 30 and 28 min. respectively. For other esters t50 lies between 38 to 57 min.
Zero-Watt Networked Standby: Development and Evaluation of a Home A/V Network System (2012)

Energy conservation is an important global issue. Home is the third largest energy consumer, and 10% of the home energy is standby power of home appliances. The proliferation of home networks increases the standby power. The conventional technologies for low networked standby power such as WoL require continuous AC power, as much as 0.5 watts, to monitor wake-up signals. The large portion of the consumed power is due to the power loss in an AC-DC converter. Moreover, the technologies are applicable only to the specific network types such as Ethernet and IEEE802.11. We propose a solution to reduce the networked standby power down to zero virtually, regardless of the network type. For monitoring wake-up signals, the solution utilizes the precharged power in an ultra capacitor without using AC power supply almost all the time. In order to realize this idea, the solution also utilizes unique and simple protocol dedicated only to the networked standby /wake-up functionality. This protocolenables the monitoring circuit to consume very small power enough for the capacitor to supply. The networked standby/wake-up functionality is easily combined with any conventional network application protocol by protocol address mapping. As one realization example of our solution, we implemented an experimental system which is integrated with an ultra low power wireless signal receiver and extended UPnP protocol. The system evaluation showed that our solution achieves the zero-watt networked standby while keeping network functionalities. Moreover, the analysis of the results shows that the practical networked standby power is one seventeenth of the conventional technologies in usual usage. This corresponds to 1.11 kg-CO2 emission reduction per year per product.
Muti-scale temporal segmentation and outlier detection in sensor networks (2009)

Monitoring multimodal data generated by sensor networks for extracting information is a challenging task for the human observer. To manage the barrage of data, one needs to create mechanisms for identifying only those time intervals which are informative and worthy of further highlevel analysis either by machine or the human observer. We regard a time interval to be informative and contain an event if it is uncommon or distinct from routine background. Different events in general may unfold at different temporal scales. Here, we present a non-parametric distribution based approach for event detection in sensor network data. In this approach we employ multiple sliding windows at different scales to obtain the distribution of the data. We segment the temporal data stream and identify the potential event bearing candidates by comparing the present and past statistical behavior of the data. In the experiments we demonstrate the effect of optimum bandwidth selection on accuracy and the range of allowable window sizes and therefore time scales. We analyze the computational speed as well as the supporting empirical results on the bin width.
High temperature continuous-wave operation of 1.3-1.55 μm VCSELs with InP/air-gap DBRs (2003)

High temperature CW operation of electrically pumped 1.3-1.55 /spl mu/m MQW VCSELs using top and bottom InP/air-gap DBRs with record low threshold current density is demonstrated.
A Reality Check of Positioning in Multiuser Mobile Augmented Reality (2022)

Multiuser Augmented Reality (MuAR) is essential to implementing the vision of Metaverse. With the pervasive mobile devices, MuAR enables multiple devices to share a common AR experience. In such experiences, the peer positions are critical to understand peers' intentions and actions so as to achieve the smooth interaction in AR. Such a spacial awareness requirement poses new challenges to MuAR. Traditionally, in AR experiences designed for the single user, the SLAM algorithm is adopted to compute self positions. However, the computed positions cannot be directly used to compute the relative positions of peer devices in MuAR, because they are computed with respect to independent coordinate systems associated with participating devices. To fill in the gap, the industry has recently proposed to implement peer tracking with the help of built-in Ultra Wideband (UWB) chip. In this work, we aim to perform a reality check on the proposed support, with the Nearby Interaction (NI) framework developed for iOS mobile devices as an example. The goal of our study is to gain an in-depth understanding about the reliability of the proposed support and identify potential issues. Through extensive measurements, we discover the peer tracking solution is not reliable sometimes, in terms of availability and accuracy. Furthermore, with regard to erroneous position reports, we present a quantitative analysis, summarizing the error types (e.g., transient errors and permanent errors) and revealing their underlying reasons. We believe the preliminary findings could help to improve the spacial awareness and enhance user experiences in MuAR.
New perspectives in inverse VSP method by using explosives in the open hole (1991)

A borehole seismic experiment was carried out in the southeast part of France in the Balazuc-1 well belonging to the B.R.G.M.&apos;s scientific project G.P.F. (Géologie Profonde de la France: Deep Geology of France). This experiment was supported by the ARTEP* association.
Determining the finite elasticity reference state from a loaded configuration (2007)

Abstract There are a number of situations where the deformed configuration of a body is known and it is necessary to determine the reference state. Previous methods developed to calculate the reference state involve the formulation of the finite elasticity equations in terms of the deformed configuration. This paper demonstrates that the undeformed reference state can be accurately determined from a deformed configuration and the associated loading conditions, by using conventional finite elasticity balance equations together with a solution procedure that treats the reference configuration as the unknowns. The mathematical theory behind the solution method is described, validated with an analytical solution, and verified using experimental studies on gel phantoms. The practical utility of this method is then demonstrated in the field of breast biomechanics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Inversion phenomena in chiral liquid crystals (1993)

Abstract Liquid crystals composed of chiral materials exhibit chiral properties and structures. For instance, cholesteric phases have helical structures and exhibit thermochromic properties, whereas ferroelectric smectic C* phase are also helical and can exhibit thermochromism, but they also possess a spontaneous polarization generated by a reduced space symmetry. Properties such as helicity and the spontaneous polarization are directional and depend upon the molecular asymmetry. In this article we discuss how the directionality of these properties can be affected by changes in temperature, which can produce inversions in helicity and to the direction of the spontaneous polarization.
Unmanned Aircraft System Remote Identification Requirements (2020)

This document defines the requirements for Trustworthy Multipurpose
Remote Identification (IETF tm-rid) protocols and services to support
Unmanned Aircraft System Remote Identification (UAS RID). Objectives
include: complementing external technical standards as regulator-
accepted means of compliance with UAS RID regulations; facilitating
use of existing Internet resources to support UAS RID and to enable
enhanced related services; and enabling verification that UAS RID
information is trustworthy (to some extent, even in the absence of
Internet connectivity at the receiving node).
Insight into goal-directed movement strategies (2010)

The current paper proposes a novel method of analyzing goal-directed movements by dividing them into distinct movement intervals. We demonstrate how the description of the first and second most prominent movement intervals in terms of duration and length can provide insight into the applied movement strategies under different conditions. This method, although demonstrated for goal-directed movements, has the potential to be generalized to other types of movements, such as steering movements.
Defining the controlling parameter in constrained discriminative linear transform for supervised speaker adaptation (2011)

Constrained discriminative linear transform (CDLT) optimized with Extended Baum-Welch (EBW) has been presented in the literature as a discriminative speaker adaptation method that outperforms the conventional maximum likelihood algorithm. Defining the controlling parameter of EBW to achieve the best performance of speaker adaptation, however, still remains an open question. This paper presents an empirical study on this issue. Results of our experiment suggest that a log-linear relationship exists between the optimal controlling parameter and the amount of data. This relationship can be used to efficiently define the controlling parameter for each test speaker to improve CDLT performance. We also discuss the possibility of generalizing the log-linear rule to a wider range of learning problems because such knowledge can substantially reduce the computation effort for parameter tuning.
Teleoperation Using Google Glass and AR.Drone (2014)

This paper proposes using a wearable device for visualization and control in association with an Unmaned Aerial Vehicle applied to structural inspection of buildings. More specifically, an AR.Drone is controlled through head positions and gestures performed by an operator wearing a Google Glass, and the images captured by the drone are visualized on Glass’s screen. We discuss the problems that arise when such a solution is developed, along with limitations that come from today's available technology and how to overcome them.
Direct current dielectrophoretic simulation of proteins using an array of circular insulating posts (2011)

This paper presents a mathematical model for the manipulation of proteins using insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) and direct current (DC) electric fields. Simulations via COMSOL v4.1 Multiphysics software are implemented to study the response of moderately sized proteins on a lab-on-a-chip platform. The geometry of the device is incorporated in a model that solves current and mass conservation equations within an array of circular insulating silicon posts embedded in a channel. Both micro- and nano-scale geometries are utilized to investigate the protein concentration distributions in the iDEP device. Our results indicate that the trapping of proteins is independent of the scale with respect to the geometry of a device as long as the applied electric field remains constant. DC voltage dependency on concentration distributions has also been explored in both micro- and nano-scale device geometries. To achieve DEP trapping of the proteins, nano-scale geometry is a better selection, as the voltage necessary to generate the required electric field (2.5 MV/cm) is 10(5) × lower compared with the voltage required to generate the same field in the micro-scale device.
HIF-1α is a negative regulator of interferon regulatory factors: Implications for interferon production by hypoxic monocytes (2021)

Patients with severe COVID-19 infection exhibit a low level of oxygen in affected tissue and blood. To understand the pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection, it is therefore necessary to understand cell function during hypoxia. We investigated aspects of human monocyte activation under hypoxic conditions. HMGB1 is an alarmin released by stressed cells. Under normoxic conditions, HMGB1 activates interferon regulatory factor (IRF)5 and nuclear factor-κB in monocytes, leading to expression of type I interferon (IFN) and inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 1β, respectively. When hypoxic monocytes are activated by HMGB1, they produce proinflammatory cytokines but fail to produce type I IFN. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, induced by hypoxia, functions as a direct transcriptional repressor of IRF5 and IRF3. As hypoxia is a stressor that induces secretion of HMGB1 by epithelial cells, hypoxia establishes a microenvironment that favors monocyte production of inflammatory cytokines but not IFN. These findings have implications for the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
Tutorial: 65 NM FPGAs, A Look Under the Hood Technology, Features, and Applications (2006)

Summary form only given. This tutorial describes the why and how of the new 65-nm families of Virtex-5 FPGAs. It describes several aspects of the technology that affect speed, density, and power consumption. The basic device structure and package design have a strong impact on pc-board signal integrity and supply decoupling requirements. Various new or improved features create opportunities for novel applications in digital signal processing, communications, computing and instrumentation.
HERV-K–specific T cells eliminate diverse HIV-1/2 and SIV primary isolates (2012)

The genetic diversity of HIV-1 represents a major challenge in vaccine development. In this study, we establish a rationale for eliminating HIV-1-infected cells by targeting cellular immune responses against stable human endogenous retroviral (HERV) antigens. HERV DNA sequences in the human genome represent the remnants of ancient infectious retroviruses. We show that the infection of CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 resulted in transcription of the HML-2 lineage of HERV type K [HERV-K(HML-2)] and the expression of Gag and Env proteins. HERV-K(HML-2)-specific CD8+ T cells obtained from HIV-1-infected human subjects responded to HIV-1-infected cells in a Vif-dependent manner in vitro. Consistent with the proposed mode of action, a HERV-K(HML-2)-specific CD8+ T cell clone exhibited comprehensive elimination of cells infected with a panel of globally diverse HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV isolates in vitro. We identified a second T cell response that exhibited cross-reactivity between homologous HIV-1-Pol and HERV-K(HML-2)-Pol determinants, raising the possibility that homology between HIV-1 and HERVs plays a role in shaping, and perhaps enhancing, the T cell response to HIV-1. This justifies the consideration of HERV-K(HML-2)-specific and cross-reactive T cell responses in the natural control of HIV-1 infection and for exploring HERV-K(HML-2)-targeted HIV-1 vaccines and immunotherapeutics.
Experiments on Asymmetric Carrier Aggregation Associated with Control Signaling Reception Quality in LTE-Advanced (2013)

LTE-Advanced supports asymmetric carrier aggregation (CA) to achieve flexible bandwidth allocation by applying different numbers of component carriers (CCs) between the downlink and uplink. This paper experimentally clarifies the achievable downlink throughput performance when uplink control information (UCI) feedback mechanism using the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), which enables minimization of the UCI overhead while maintaining the required reception quality, is applied in asymmetric CA. The laboratory experimental results show that the stable reception quality control of the channel quality information (CQI) with the target block error rate (BLER) of 10-1 to 10-2 is achieved irrespective of the average received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) when the control offset parameter of approximately 1.25 is used. We also show that the achievable downlink throughput when the CQI error is considered is almost the same as that in no CQI error case. Furthermore, based on the experimental results in a real field environment, a suburban area of Yokosuka city in Japan, we confirm stable adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) operation including target BLER control of the CQI on the PUSCH in asymmetric CA. The field experimental results also show that when CA with 5 CCs (90-MHz bandwidth) and 2-by-2 rank-2 multiple-output multiple-input (MIMO) multiplexing are employed in the downlink, the peak throughput of approximately 640Mbps is achieved even considering the CQI error.
Identification of the Charge Carriers in Cerium Phosphate Ceramics (2010)

The total conductivity of Sr-doped cerium orthophosphate changes by nearly two orders of magnitude depending on the oxygen and hydrogen content of the atmosphere. The defect model for the system suggests that this is because the identity of the dominant charge carrier can change from electron holes to protons when the sample is in equilibrium with air vs. humidified hydrogen. In this work are presented some preliminary measurements that can help to clarify this exchange between carriers. The conduction behavior of a 2% Sr-doped CePO4 sample under symmetric atmospheric conditions is investigated using several techniques, including AC impedance, H/D isotope effects, and chronoamperometry.
BindingDB Entry 50007648: Novel, Self-Assembling Dimeric Inhibitors of Human β Tryptase. (2021)

β-Tryptase, a homotetrameric serine protease, has four identical active sites facing a central pore, presenting an optimized setting for the rational design of bivalent inhibitors that bridge two adjacent sites. Using diol, hydroxymethyl phenols or benzoyl methyl hydroxamates, and boronic acid chemistries to reversibly join two [3-(1-acylpiperidin-4-yl)phenyl]methanamine core ligands, we have successfully produced a series of self-assembling heterodimeric inhibitors. These heterodimeric tryptase inhibitors demonstrate superior activity compared to monomeric modes of inhibition. X-ray crystallography validated the dimeric mechanism of inhibition, and compounds demonstrated high selectivity against related proteases, good target engagement, and tryptase inhibition in HMC1 xenograft models. Screening 3872 possible combinations from 44 boronic acid and 88 diol derivatives revealed several combinations that produced nanomolar inhibition, and seven unique pairs produced greater than 100-fold improvement in potency over monomeric inhibition. These heterodimeric tryptase inhibitors demonstrate the power of target-driven combinatorial chemistry to deliver bivalent drugs in a small molecule form.
Being Omnipresent To Be Almighty: The Importance of The Global Web Evidence for Organizational Expert Finding (2008)

Modern expert nding algorithms are developed under the assumption that all possible expertise evidence for a person is concentrated in a company that currently employs the person. The evidence that can be acquired outside of an enterprise is traditionally unnoticed. At the same time, the Web is full of personal information which is sufficiently detailed to judge about a person's skills and knowledge. In this work, we review various sources of expertise evidence out-side of an organization and experiment with rankings built on the data acquired from six dierent sources, accessible through APIs of two major web search engines. We show that these rankings and their combinations are often more realistic and of higher quality than rankings built on organizational data only.
Measurement of the $C\!P$ violation parameter $A_Γ$ in $D^0 \to K^+K^-$ and $D^0 \to π^+π^-$ decays (2017)

Asymmetries in the time-dependent rates of D0→K+K- and D0→π+π- decays are measured in a pp collision data sample collected with the LHCb detector during LHC Run 1, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb^-1. The asymmetries in effective decay widths between D0 and D¯0 decays, sensitive to indirect CP violation, are measured to be AΓ(K+K-)=(-0.30±0.32±0.10)×10^-3 and AΓ(π+π-)=(0.46±0.58±0.12)×10^-3, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These measurements show no evidence for CP violation and improve on the precision of the previous best measurements by nearly a factor of two.