gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tyrosine hydroxylase polymorphism and phenotypic heterogeneity in bipolar affective disorder: A multicenter association study (1999)

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolism of catecholamines, is considered a candidate gene in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) and has been the subject of numerous linkage and association studies. Taken together, most results do not support a major gene effect for the TH gene in BPAD. Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity may partially explain the difficulty of confirming the exact role of this gene using both association and linkage methods. Four hundred one BPAD patients and 401 unrelated matched controls were recruited within a European collaborative project (BIOMED1 project in the area of brain research, European Community grant number CT 92-1217, project leader: J. Mendlewicz) involving 14 centers for a case-control association study with a tetranucleotide polymorphism in the TH gene. Patients and controls were carefully matched for geographical origin. Phenotypic heterogeneity was considered and subgroup analyses were performed with relevant variables: age at onset, family history, and diagnostic stability. No association was observed in the total sample or for subgroups according to age at onset (n = 172), family history alone (n = 159), or high degree of diagnostic stability and a positive family history (n = 131). The results of this association study do not confirm the possible implication of TH polymorphism in the susceptibility to BPAD.
Field-emission durability employing highly crystalline single-walled carbon nanotubes in a low vacuum with activated gas (2019)

Abstract A new approach to improving power consumption and energy efficiency is to use a simple structure with highly crystalline single-walled carbon nanotubes (hc-SWCNTs) in the cathode. We succeeded in determining the efficacy and applicability of the field emission (FE) properties of hc-SWCNTs in a low vacuum below 0.1 Pa with activated gas. In particular, the FE of 1.0 mA cm −2 of hc-SWCNTs heated at 50 °C exhibits good stability for over 600 s in a low-vacuum atmosphere with oxygen added in a cathodic planar field emitter. The improved FE electrical properties of the hc-SWCNTs can likely be attributed to the increase in the crystallinity of the SWCNTs despite the low-vacuum atmosphere. It is further expected that the hc-SWCNT field emitters will be applicable to dry etching processes because single ionized molecules or radicals can be selectively synthesized with almost no energy loss and without requiring a cooling system. Our novel SWCNTs, as a component of a flat plane-emission device, may provide a technological breakthrough for realizing both energy saving and a low carbon environment in dry etching processes as well as in semiconductor industrial development.
Ultrafast Non-Paraxial Abruptly Autofocusing Pulses for High-Gradient Electron Acceleration (2016)

We present ultrafast non-paraxial autofocusing pulses that exhibit abrupt, ultra-intense focusing in both space and time. We demonstrate their ability to linearly accelerate electrons with effective gradients exceeding 300 GeV/m, and explore different operation regimes.
Fast Sampling for Bayesian Max-Margin Models (2015)

Bayesian max-margin models have shown superiority in various practical applications, such as text categorization, collaborative prediction, social network link prediction and crowdsourcing, and they conjoin the flexibility of Bayesian modeling and predictive strengths of max-margin learning. However, Monte Carlo sampling for these models still remains challenging, especially for applications that involve large-scale datasets. In this paper, we present the stochastic subgradient Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) methods, which are easy to implement and computationally efficient. We show the approximate detailed balance property of subgradient HMC which reveals a natural and validated generalization of the ordinary HMC. Furthermore, we investigate the variants that use stochastic subsampling and thermostats for better scalability and mixing. Using stochastic subgradient Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), we efficiently solve the posterior inference task of various Bayesian max-margin models and extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
A framework linkage map of perennial ryegrass based on SSR markers (2006)

A moderate-density linkage map for Lolium perenne L. has been constructed based on 376 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Approximately one third (124) of the SSR markers were developed from GeneThresher libraries that preferentially select genomic DNA clones from the gene-rich unmethylated portion of the genome. The remaining SSR marker loci were generated from either SSR-enriched genomic libraries (247) or ESTs (5). Forty-five percent of the GeneThresher SSRs were associated with an expressed gene. Unlike EST-derived SSR markers, GeneThresher SSRs were often associated with genes expressed at a low level, such as transcription factors. The map constructed here fulfills 2 definitions of a "framework map". Firstly, it is composed of codominant markers to ensure map transferability either within or among species. Secondly, it was constructed to achieve a level of statistical confidence in the support-for-order of marker loci. The map consists of 81 framework SSR markers spread over 7 linkage groups, the same as the haploid chromosome number. Most of the remaining 295 SSR markers have been placed into their most likely interval on the framework map. Nine RFLP markers and 1 SSR marker from another map constructed using the same pedigree were also incorporated to extend genome coverage at the terminal ends of 5 linkage groups. The final map provides a robust framework with which to conduct investigations into the genetic architecture of trait variation in this commercially important grass species.
Periodically poled stoichiometric LiTaO/sub 3/ for optical parametric oscillation (2003)

We demonstrate OPO using periodically-poled MgO-doped near-stoichiometric LiTaO/sub 3/. The tuning ranges of signal and idler waves were 1.53 -1.63 /spl mu/m and 3.06-3.49 /spl mu/m, respectively. We obtained 65% slope efficiency and the maximum output power of 628 mW at 1.1 W pumping.
Video 3 - ATMi increases the rate of mitotic catastrophe in glioma cells when p53 is knocked down. from Orally Bioavailable and Blood–Brain Barrier-Penetrating ATM Inhibitor (AZ32) Radiosensitizes Intracranial Gliomas in Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;U87/shp53/Centrin2-EGFP/H2B-mCherry/shp53 cells were seeded on dishes with cover slip bottoms and irradiated (5 Gy). Time-lapse videos were recorded intermittently (every 7 min) over 16 hrs. Treatment results in 12% aberrant mitoses (see Fig. 3F).&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis, in vitro Antiproliferative and Antiinflammatory Activities, and Kinase Inhibitory effects of New 1,3,4-triarylpyrazole Derivatives (2016)

Compound 1a could kill the cells through induction of apoptosis rather than necrosis. Compound 1a was more selective against cancer cells than non-cancerous cells. In addition, the hydroxyl analogue 1b was the most active as antiinflammatory agent.
Practical and Efficient Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected Constrained 4-Guanidinoprolines (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPractical and Efficient Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected Constrained 4-Guanidinoprolines†Makoto Tamaki, Guoxia Han, and Victor J. HrubyView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 3, 1038–1042Publication Date (Web):January 16, 2001Publication History Received27 August 2000Published online16 January 2001Published inissue 1 February 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo005626mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo005626mbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2423Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Azides,Peptides and proteins,Protective groups,Reaction products,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Diels—Alder Reactions Promoted under Continuous‐Flow Conditions by Silica‐Supported Chiral Organocatalysts (2014)

Abstract A simple HPLC column filled with silica‐supported MacMillian catalyst works as a catalytic reactor for the Diels—Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and cinnamic aldehyde affording the cycloadducts in high yields and enantioselectivities.
Hyperphosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product and altered subcellular distribution of E2F-1 during Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2001)

The molecular mechanisms that regulate neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear. During neurologic diseases numerous neuronal and glial intracellular signaling pathways are activated by changes within the extracellular environment, which culminate in alterations of nuclear proteins and gene expression. Among the proteins activated or expressed during neurodegenerative diseases include proteins that function during the cell cycle. Early events in cell cycle activation include transition from the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle, which is regulated by the activity of proteins from the retinoblastoma (pRb) and E2F gene families of transcriptional regulators. Hyperphosphorylation of pRb induces the activation of E2F proteins at the G1-to-S cell cycle transition. Using brain and spinal cord tissues from non-demented control, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, we identified increased levels of hyperphosphorylated pRb in AD and ALS patients. In addition, we observed altered subcellular distribution of E2F-1 during AD and ALS. Our results suggest that activation and re-distribution of early cell cycle transcriptional regulators occurs in both AD and ALS.
QSketcher (2002)

We describe QSketcher, a new environment for composing music for film. The main focus is the support of early stages of the creative workflow, from conception through realization, rather than the order and synchronization of musical fragments with film. This paper describes the design process and rationale, the system, the user environment, and how they relate to one another. Novel aspects of the system include a free-form 'idea space', a main workspace that can be configured to individual needs, an idea capturing facility, a workflow tracking mechanism through which previous workspace states can be examined and restored, and the ability to create a variety of relationships among musical elements.
A special finite element method based on component mode synthesis (2010)

The goal of our paper is to introduce basis functions for the finite element discretization of a second order linear elliptic operator with rough or highly oscillating coefficients. The proposed basis functions are inspired by the classic idea of component mode synthesis and exploit an orthogonal decomposition of the trial subspace to minimize the energy. Numerical experiments illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed basis functions.
Microbial regulation of hexokinase 2 links mitochondrial metabolism and cell death in colitis (2020)

Summary Hexokinases (HK) catalyze the first step of glycolysis and thereby limit its pace. HK2 is highly expressed in the gut epithelium, plays a role in immune responses and is upregulated in inflammation and ulcerative colitis 1–3 . Here, we examined the microbial regulation of HK2 and its impact on intestinal inflammation by generating mice lacking HK2 specifically in intestinal epithelial cells ( Hk2 Δ IEC ). Hk2 Δ IEC mice were less susceptible to acute intestinal inflammation upon challenge with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Analyzing the epithelial transcriptome from Hk2 Δ IEC mice during acute colitis revealed downregulation of cell death signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction dependent on loss of HK2. Using intestinal organoids derived from Hk2 Δ IEC mice and Caco-2 cells lacking HK2, we identified peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIF) as a key target of HK2-mediated regulation of mitochondrial permeability and repression of cell-death during intestinal inflammation. The microbiota strongly regulated HK2 expression and activity. The microbially-derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate repressed HK2 expression and oral supplementation protected wildtype but not Hk2 Δ IEC mice from DSS colitis. Our findings define a novel mechanism how butyrate may act as a protective factor for intestinal barrier homeostasis and suggest targeted HK2 inhibition as a promising therapeutic avenue in intestinal inflammation.
Heart rate variability analysis of effect of nicotine using periodograms (2005)

Heart rate variability (HRV) is frequently used to measure autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying pharmacologically induced changes in HRV. Previous research has shown that nicotine exposure stimulates the ANS, mediating a wide spectrum of physiological and behavioral effects, including altered respiratory sinus arrhythmia and enhanced arousal and attention. Using Lomb-Welch periodograms, the effect of nicotine on the ANS in 14 nicotine-naive human subjects are studied. Results showed an increase in the low frequency (LF) to high frequency (HF) ratio with little change in mean heart rate. Results suggest that nicotine affects both sympathetic and parasympathetic reactivities and that the LF/HF best characterizes early ANS activated nicotine changes in HRV. The Lomb-Welch periodogram of the HRV is also compared to the conventional interpolated Welch periodogram. The attenuation of the high frequency components due to interpolation of the non-uniform R-R intervals is found to be a function of the power of the high frequency components, increasing with increasing power. Thus analyses using Welch periodograms that make use of the high frequency components may yield erroneous results.
General Strategy for Synthesis of Ordered Pt3M Intermetallics with Ultrasmall Particle Size (2020)

Controllable synthesis of atomically ordered intermetallic nanoparticles (NPs) is crucial to obtain superior electrocatalytic performance for fuel cell reactions, but still remains arduous. Herein, we demonstrate a novel and general hydrogel-freeze drying strategy for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supported Pt<sub>3</sub> M (M=Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, etc.) intermetallic NPs (Pt<sub>3</sub> M/rGO-HF) with ultrasmall particle size (about 3 nm) and dramatic monodispersity. The formation of hydrogel prevents the aggregation of graphene oxide and significantly promotes their excellent dispersion, while a freeze-drying can retain the hydrogel derived three-dimensionally (3D) porous structure and immobilize the metal precursors with defined atomic ratio on GO support during solvent sublimation, which is not afforded by traditional oven drying. The subsequent annealing process produces rGO supported ultrasmall ordered Pt<sub>3</sub> M intermetallic NPs (≈3 nm) due to confinement effect of 3D porous structure. Such Pt<sub>3</sub> M intermetallic NPs exhibit the smallest particle size among the reported ordered Pt-based intermetallic catalysts. A detailed study of the synthesis of ordered intermetallic Pt<sub>3</sub> Mn/rGO catalyst is provided as an example of a generally applicable method. This study provides an economical and scalable route for the controlled synthesis of Pt-based intermetallic catalysts, which can pave a way for the commercialization of fuel cell technologies.
Data from Targeted Nanomedicine for Suppression of CD44 and Simultaneous Cell Death Induction in Ovarian Cancer: An Optimal Delivery of siRNA and Anticancer Drug (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The proposed project is aimed at enhancing the efficiency of epithelial ovarian cancer treatment and reducing adverse side effects of chemotherapy using nanotechnology. Overexpression of the CD44 membrane receptor results in tumor initiation, growth, cancer stem cells' specific behavior, development of drug resistance, and metastases. We hypothesize that a developed cancer-targeted delivery system that combines CD44 siRNA with paclitaxel would successfully deliver its payload inside cancer cells, effectively induce cell death, and prevent metastases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We synthesized, characterized, and tested a nanoscale-based drug delivery system (DDS) containing a modified polypropylenimine (PPI) dendrimer as a carrier; anticancer drug paclitaxel as a cell death inducer; a synthetic analog of luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LHRH) peptide as a tumor-targeting moiety; and siRNA targeted to CD44 mRNA. The proposed DDS was tested &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; using metastatic ovarian cancer cells isolated from patients with malignant ascites.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We found that in contrast with cells isolated from primary tumors, CD44 was highly overexpressed in metastatic cancer cells. Treatment with the proposed tumor-targeted nanoscale-based nucleic acid and DDS led to the suppression of CD44 mRNA and protein, efficient induction of cell death, effective tumor shrinkage, and prevention of adverse side effects on healthy organs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; We show a high therapeutic potential for combinatorial treatment of ovarian carcinoma with a novel DDS that effectively transports siRNA targeting to CD44 mRNA simultaneously with cytotoxic agents. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(22); 6193–204. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Theoretical and Experimental Results for Monolithic SAW Memory Correlators (1980)

A detailed theory is presented for the writing and reading processes in the monolithic surface acoustic wave (SAW) storage cor- relator. Theoretical and experimental results are presented on the dependence of the conelation output on the duration of the acoustic, write, and read signals. The dependence of the output on the ampli- tudes of the acoustic, write, and read signals is also given. The theoreti- cal predictions me in good agreement with the experimental results in all of these cases. Suggestions are provided for the design of improved monolithic storage conelators.
Modeling and accounting for interactions among multiple stakeholders in design optimization (2015)

Le succès ou l'échec commercial des systèmes complexes (e.g. avions de transport commercial) ne dépend pas que de la qualité technique intrinsèque du produit mais il est aussi notablement affectée par les différentes interactions avec les autres acteurs du milieu tels la concurrence, les utilisateurs finaux et les organismes de réglementation. Des produits qui manquent de performances, ont un coût trop élevé, ou sont considérées comme dangereux ou nuisibles seront inévitablement surmontés par des produits concurrents qui répondent mieux aux besoins des clients et de la société dans son ensemble. Dans cette thèse, nous cherchons à utiliser le cadre de la théorie des jeux afin d'intégrer directement l'effet de ces interactions dans un problème d'optimisation de conception qui vise à maximiser la rentabilité du concepteur du système. Cette approche permet aux concepteurs de prendre en considération les effets de l'incertitude venant d'une part des sources traditionnelles de variabilités (propriétés matériaux, tolérances géométriques, etc) ainsi que d'autres incertitudes de nature non technique reflétant par exemple l'incertitude du futur marché ou les interactions avec les autres parties prenantes (nouveaux produits concurrents, nouvelles règlementations, etc). Dans ce cadre nous développons également des techniques de modélisation utilisant des modèles causaux afin de comprendre la nature d'interactions complexes à partir des données observées. Enfin, nous examinons les effets complexes entre sureté de fonctionnement et conception en examinant l'histoire de la réglementation fédérale sur l'industrie du transport. Ces travaux ont mené à plusieurs résultats clés. D'abord, en considérant l'effet des interactions entre les différents acteurs, les concepteurs peuvent être amenés à faire des choix techniques très différents de ceux qu'ils auraient fait sans considérer ces interactions. Cela est illustré sur plusieurs études de cas avec des applications à la conception d'avions de transport commercial. Deuxièmement, nous avons développé une nouvelle méthode de construction de modèles causaux qui permet aux concepteurs d'évaluer le niveau de confiance dans leur compréhension des interactions entre les différents acteurs. Enfin, nous avons montré par une étude liens entre la réglementation et les améliorations de la sureté que la demande pour l'amélioration de la sureté ne répond pas toujours à une rationalité économique. En revanche la demande pour plus de sureté est fortement influencée par des facteurs tels que le niveau de responsabilité personnelle et la nature et ampleur des accidents potentiels.
Integrated Optical Amplifiers on Silicon Waveguides (2007)

Optical amplifiers are important elements of photonic integrated circuits. We present a hybrid silicon evanescent amplifier utilizing a wafer bonded structure of silicon waveguide and AlGalnAs quantum wells. A chip gain of 13 dB with a power penalty of 0.5 dB at 40 Gb/s data amplification is demonstrated.
Rodent Cells Support Key Functions of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Pathogenicity Factor Nef (2005)

After infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), progression toward immunodeficiency is governed by a complex interplay of viral and host determinants. The viral accessory protein Nef is a key factor for the development of AIDS. Strains of HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus that lack functional nef genes either do not induce AIDS or do so only after a significant delay. The validity of a transgenic-small-animal model for de novo infection by HIV will depend on its ability to recapitulate the actions of critical factors of viral pathogenicity, such as Nef. We assessed the ability of rat, mouse, and hamster cells to support key effector functions of Nef. In cell lines from rodents, the subcellular distribution of wild-type HIV type 1 strain SF2 Nef and mutants was comparable to that in human cells. Nef downregulated human CD4 from the cell surface, was associated with p21-activated kinase activity, and enhanced the infectivity of HIV-1 virions. Importantly, these Nef-induced effects, as well as the downregulation of rat CD4 and major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, could also be demonstrated in primary T lymphocytes and macrophages from human CD4-transgenic rats. Thus, HIV-1 Nef exerts key functions in rodent cells. In line with our ongoing efforts to establish a transgenic-rat model of HIV disease, these results indicate that important aspects of viral pathogenesis could be addressed in a transgenic-rodent model permissive for de novo infection and that such a model would be valuable for evaluating the function of Nef in vivo.