gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PD-1 blockade in recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer: Data from cemiplimab phase I expansion cohorts and characterization of PD-L1 expression in cervical cancer (2020)

ObjectivesTo characterize the safety, tolerability, and anti-tumor activity of cemiplimab as monotherapy or in combination with hypofractionated radiation therapy (hfRT) in patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. To determine the association between histology and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression.MethodsIn non-randomized phase I expansion cohorts, patients (squamous or non-squamous histology) received cemiplimab 3 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks for 48 weeks, either alone (monotherapy cohort) or with hfRT during week 2 (combination cohort). Due to insufficient tissue material, PD-L1 protein expression was evaluated in commercially purchased samples and mRNA expression levels were analyzed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).ResultsTwenty patients enrolled in both cohorts in total; 10 had squamous histology. The most common adverse events of any grade were diarrhea, fatigue, and hypokalemia, occurring in 35%, 25%, and 25%, respectively. Objective response rate was 10% in each cohort; responders had squamous histology. Duration of response was 11.2 months and 6.4 months for the responder in the monotherapy and combination cohort, respectively. Irradiated lesions were not included in the response assessments. In separate archived specimens (N = 155), PD-L1 protein expression in tumor and immune cells was negative (<1%) more commonly in adenocarcinoma than in squamous tumors. PD-L1 mRNA levels were lower in adenocarcinoma than squamous cell tumors (1.2 vs 5.0 mean transcripts per million, respectively) in TCGA.ConclusionsCemiplimab has activity in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. The phase I results, combined with results from other anti–PD-1 trials in cervical cancer and our biomarker analyses have informed the design of the ongoing phase III trial, with the primary overall survival hierarchical analyses being done first in patients with squamous histology.
Inhibition evaluation for a 20-min endotoxin limit test on FDG (2005)

The inhibition rate improved between undiluted (i.e., 7/50 (14%)) and diluted (i.e., 1/50 (2%)) FDG PPC trials (P=0.03). However, given that 1 of 50 trials failed for diluted FDG PPC, we conclude that inhibition still occurs and there is a 95% chance that the inhibition rate could be as high as 11% or as low as 0% on repetition of the experiment.
Selective Inhibition of Sintering (2006)

SIS is a new method of building 3D objects using powder sintering. The method is capable of making plastic parts without the use of laser. An Alpha machine has been constructed and preliminary studies have been carried out to prove the concept and to explore the process variables and their impacts. Various polymers including polystyrene and polyester have been successfully used in our experiments. The approach should be feasible for a variety of polymers.
Comparison of Outcomes on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis versus Automated Peritoneal Dialysis: Results from a USA Database (2010)

Patient survival was not significantly different between APD and CAPD patients, whereas technique survival appeared to be higher in APD patients and could not be explained by differences in infectious complications. No difference in blood pressure control or decline in RRF was observed between the 2 modalities. Based on these results, APD appears to be an acceptable alternative to CAPD, although technique prescription should always follow individual judgment.
Enhanced piroctone olamine retention from shampoo for superior anti‐dandruff efficacy (2022)

Increased efficiency PO delivery shampoos have been developed by optimization of both surfactant and coacervate parameters. The increased deposition efficiency results in significantly more products with significantly greater anti-dandruff efficacy.
State of the Practice of Cable Barrier Systems (2008)

This paper presents the state of the practice of the use of cable barrier systems in the United States. A literature review was conducted to identify the types of cable barriers systems being used. The scope of this review included benefits of using cable barriers, available guidelines, policies or procedures related to barrier placement, and issues related to the maintenance and in-service performance of the cable barriers. A comprehensive survey was conducted to identify experiences, practices, and design and construction standards for the use of cable barrier systems. To improve survey quality, survey participants were people identified as managing the cable barrier systems firsthand. The participants were therefore likely to be most knowledgeable about the design and construction, maintenance, and overall experience of cable barrier usage. Concluding remarks about the state of the practice of cable barriers, along with areas of further research, are presented.
Progress in long wavelength VCSELs (2003)

Advances in long wavelength VCSEL technology have demonstrated the feasibility of fabricating monolithic long wavelength VCSELs. Several new technologies such as InGaAsN quantum wells, low voltage tunnel junctions and novel DBR mirrors have dramatically improved the performance of long wavelength VCSELs. Common to both technologies is the need to have a manufacturable single mode, polarization locked VCSEL design. It will only be a matter of time before the long wavelength VCSEL will displace both FP and DFB lasers for medium reach applications. For the metro/access market, cost and performance will determine which technology choice will prevail.
O-022 Pre-radiosurgical embolization of arteriovenous malformations: a single institution review (2012)

Background Multimodality therapy for brain AVMs utilizing embolization followed by radiosurgery is controversial. We present the results of the largest case series to date of patients who have undergone AVM embolization followed by radiosurgery, in order to evaluate cure rates and complications using this modality of therapy. Methods A retrospective review of our institutional AVM database was performed, identifying 95 patients over an 11-year period (1997–2008) who underwent dual modality treatment. Patients previously treated with either surgery or radiosurgery prior to embolization were excluded, as were patients who underwent scheduled surgical treatment following embolization. Pre- and post-treatment AVM volumes were assessed using angiography. Post-radiosurgical treatment volumes were assessed using angiography (41%) or MRI (59%). Only those patients with &gt;3-year post-radiosurgical follow-up were included in this analysis. Results Mean AVM volume pre-embolization was 26 ml and declined to 15 ml post-embolization. Mean modified Pollock-Flickinger score pre-embolization was 3.4 and post-embolization was 2.2. 59 patients had adequate follow-up for inclusion in our study. 34 patients (58%) achieved AVM obliteration within 3 years of treatment, without neurological decline. 23 patients had residual at 3 years. Two patients died in the follow-up period. Excellent outcome was accomplished in 100% of patients with modified Pollock-Flickinger score 2. Conclusion Pre-radiosurgical embolization of brain AVMs in our series appears to improve the rate of excellent outcome (obliteration following radiosurgery, without change in modified Rankin score). Competing interests None.
Medical Question Understanding and Answering with Knowledge Grounding and Semantic Self-Supervision (2022)

Current medical question answering systems have difficulty processing long, detailed and informally worded questions submitted by patients, called Consumer Health Questions (CHQs). To address this issue, we introduce a medical question understanding and answering system with knowledge grounding and semantic self-supervision. Our system is a pipeline that first summarizes a long, medical, user-written question, using a supervised summarization loss. Then, our system performs a two-step retrieval to return answers. The system first matches the summarized user question with an FAQ from a trusted medical knowledge base, and then retrieves a fixed number of relevant sentences from the corresponding answer document. In the absence of labels for question matching or answer relevance, we design 3 novel, self-supervised and semantically-guided losses. We evaluate our model against two strong retrieval-based question answering baselines. Evaluators ask their own questions and rate the answers retrieved by our baselines and own system according to their relevance. They find that our system retrieves more relevant answers, while achieving speeds 20 times faster. Our self-supervised losses also help the summarizer achieve higher scores in ROUGE, as well as in human evaluation metrics. We release our code to encourage further research.
Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Trust Inference Engine (2020)

Critical infrastructure users need to infer the assurance of position, velocity, and time (PVT) estimates. Such an inference performed by positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) platforms considers multiple sources of information, such as sensor inputs, anti-spoofing (A-S) techniques, situational awareness (SA) information, and other auxiliary sources (such as network data). The challenge is to fuse trust assumptions and assessments of these sources into useful assurance metrics. We present PNTTING, a PNT Trust Inference Engine that facilitates trust fusion according to probabilistic models with rigorous semantics. PNTTING’s architecture comprises inputs, processing, and outputs. Inputs include measurements collected while the platform is being used in the field or via recorded scenarios. Inputs also include a priori trust assumptions of measurements. Processing relies on data models and probabilistic procedures developed by assurance model designers and PNT engineers. Finally, the outputs are derived from inference tasks, which describe probability queries related to assessing assurance. We present results of a PNTTING implementation using illustrative scenarios. This implementation identifies several challenges to realizing PNTTING in practice. These challenges include the need for realistic test vectors/scenarios, models for the trust assumptions, and a capable and extensible computational framework. Even with those challenges, our implementation of PNTTING shows the potential of creating a PNT platform that includes inference mechanisms of trust with a wide range of inputs and conditions. This approach enables evaluating the effectiveness of PNT platforms and creating assurance metrics during operation.
Advancements in vibration monitoring for the mining industry (2014)

Rotating machinery assets are a fundamental necessity in the mining industry. Furthermore, the proper maintenance and ability to monitoring these key assets is important to maximizing the operations. This paper will discuss the merits and advancements in vibration monitor systems and the direct impact on SCADA and predictive maintenance models.
Integrated photonics demonstration of zero-curvature eigenfunctions (2023)

We apply the homomorphism between the Schrödinger and Helmholtz-Maxwell wave equations to experimentally demonstrate an integrated photonic analogue of the zero-curvature eigenfunctions predicted in quantum mechanics.
Distributed demodulation using consensus averaging in wireless sensor networks (2008)

This paper deals with demodulation of space-time transmissions from a multi-antenna access point to a network of spatially distributed wireless sensors. Distributed demodulation algorithms are developed by achieving network-wide consensus on the average of (cross-) covariances of locally available per sensor received data vectors with the channel matrix, which constitute sufficient statistics for maximum likelihood demodulation. By reaching consensus on such average terms, each sensor can attain demodulation performance as if all the information was available at a centralized unit. Different from existing distributed hypotheses testing schemes whose complexity grows exponentially with the problem dimension, the novel consensus-based demodulator incurs quadratic complexity. Inter-sensor link imperfections due to additive noise and random link failures are also accounted for. Consensus in these cases is achieved in the mean sense with bounded variance, and in the mean-square error sense, respectively. Simulated tests verify the analytical claims. Interestingly, only a few consensus iterations suffice for the novel distributed demodulator to approach the performance of its centralized benchmark.
Use of a Hydroxyapatite-coated Stem in Patients with Dorr Type C Femoral Bone (2007)

Type C bone, as described by Dorr, exhibits both cellular and structural compromise, which presents a challenge for fixation of a total hip arthroplasty (THA). We evaluated the performance of the Omnifit HA stem, a hydroxyapatite-coated titanium alloy stem, by retrospectively reviewing the clinical and radiographic data of 15 patients with femoral Type C bone who received the stem during primary THA between 1991 and 1994. The patients were followed a minimum of 9 years (mean, 11.5 years; range, 9-14 years). The average age at surgery was 54 years and the average body mass index was 28. Eight of the patients were men. The median Harris hip score was 94.5 points. Radiographically, two independent reviewers identified all patients as Type C bone. The average canal to calcar isthmus ratio was 0.74 (range, 0.65-0.95). At most recent followup, four patients demonstrated proximal osteolysis. Using plain radiography we detected no patients with distal osteolysis or subsidence. At 9 to 14 years, the stem has performed well in a selected series of patients with poor bone quality and the outcomes compare favorably with previously reported findings using this design of stem in other bone types. These results support the decision to use a hydroxyapatite-coated stem in patients with Type C bone.
Incorporating Contextual Cues in Trainable Models for Coreference Resolution (2003)

We propose a method that incorporates various novel contextual cues into a machine learning for resolving coreference. Distinct characteristics of our model are (i) incorporating more linguistic features capturing contextual information that is more sophisticated than what is offered in Centering Theory, and (ii) a tournament model for selecting a referent. Our experiments show that this model significantly outperforms earlier machine learning approaches, such as Soon et al. (2001). 1
A framework for robust run by run control with lot delayed measurements (1997)

This paper considers the run by run control problem. We develop a framework to solve such a problem in a robust fashion. The framework also encompasses the case when the system is subject to delayed measurements. Recent results available for the control of such systems are reviewed, and two examples are presented. The first example is based on the end-pointing problem for a deposition process, and is subject to noise which has both Gaussian and uniform components. The second one is concerned with rate control in an LPCVD reactor.
Investigation of buried EUV mask defect printability using actinic inspection and fast simulation (2009)

The fast simulator RADICAL and the Actinic Inspection Tool (AIT) are used in advance of availability of high volume manufacturing quality exposure tools, resists, and masks to assess the expected defect printability levels in production conditions. AIT images are analyzed to qualitatively demonstrate general trends in defect printability: defects smaller than 0.5nm tall on the multilayer surface can cause an unacceptable critical dimension (CD) change, CD change increases for taller defects, and defect printability varies asymmetrically through focus. RADICAL is used to derive quantitative limits for defect size and demonstrate the effects of focus and illumination for 22nm and 16nm dense lines. For 22nm dense lines at best focus a 0.8nm tall defect causes a 10% CD change. For 16nm lines a 0.4nm tall defect causes a 10% CD change. The CD is shown to be more sensitive to buried defects out of focus, but less sensitive to defects in focus if annular or dipole illumination is used.
Three‐dimensional Reconstruction of the Equine Ovary (2005)

The equine ovary has a very unique structure in terms of its extreme large size, the presence of the ovulation fossa and the inverted location of its cortex and medulla. In the previous study, it was recognized that the application of three-dimensional internal structure microscopy (3D-ISM) to observe the mare ovary is very effective. Three-dimensional reconstruction of serially sliced images made by 3D-ISM was successful in this study with the aid of the sophisticated image processing technique. The rotation of the reconstructed ovary has been carried out with and without the application of the transparency technique in the ovarian stromal region. The spatial localization of follicles and corpus luteum was clearly visualized by rotating the reconstructed image of the ovary. The extraction of the images of follicles and corpus luteum was also available and gave a quantifiable understanding of their structure.
NSLS-DAC: A Beamline Control and Data Acquisition Package (1997)

A LabVIEW-based software package has been developed to control beamlines and acquire data during energy, motor, voltage, and time scans. Though geared for spectroscopy, the software implements a complete set of tools for operating and monitoring beamline instrumentation. The package presents a graphical interface to the user that is easy to learn for novices, yet highly efficient for experienced researchers. The main code is beamline and hardware independent. Lower level data acquisition drivers have been written for CAMAC and GPIB-based instrumentation. All beamline specific features, such as monochromator control, are contained in a single plug-in library. Users wishing to extend the program's capabilities can add customized scan types (such as DAFS) via a run-time link to external routines.
Self-propagating formation reactions in Nb/Si multilayers (1999)

Structural silicides with promising high temperature mechanical properties can be fabricated into near-net shapes using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of powders. These silicides can also be formed from vapor deposited reactive multilayer foils. The foils typically contain hundreds of layers that alternate between two elements that will mix exothermically to form a compound. Once the formation reaction is ignited in a foil, it can self-propagate along the foil with a controlled velocity. This paper investigates self-propagating formation reactions in Nb/Si multilayers and demonstrates that their reaction velocities decrease as the individual Nb and Si layers thicken. The paper also explores the feasibility of forming the vapor-deposited foils, during reaction into complex shapes.
A Fit Model for Maximum Power Point Estimation in Dual-Input Phase-Shifted LLC Converter (2023)

This paper proposes a fit model for the output power as a function of switching frequency of a dual-input phaseshifted LLC converter. The proposed model can be used to allow fast and efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the converter. Derivation of the model followed by verification are presented.
An Omnibus Non-Parametric Test of Equality in Distribution for Unknown Functions (2018)

We present a novel family of nonparametric omnibus tests of the hypothesis that two unknown but estimable functions are equal in distribution when applied to the observed data structure. We developed these tests, which represent a generalization of the maximum mean discrepancy tests described in Gretton et al. [2006], using recent developments from the higher-order pathwise differentiability literature. Despite their complex derivation, the associated test statistics can be expressed rather simply as U-statistics. We study the asymptotic behavior of the proposed tests under the null hypothesis and under both fixed and local alternatives. We provide examples to which our tests can be applied and show that they perform well in a simulation study. As an important special case, our proposed tests can be used to determine whether an unknown function, such as the conditional average treatment effect, is equal to zero almost surely.
Supplementary Table 2 from Defining a Gene Promoter Methylation Signature in Sputum for Lung Cancer Risk Assessment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 66K, Genes methylated in lung cancer but not associated with predicting lung cancer in sputum from the Colorado case-control Study&lt;/p&gt;
Low-Dimensional Models for Dimensionality Reduction and Signal Recovery: A Geometric Perspective There are many signal techniques that can be used to perform data acquisition, analysis or processing more efficiently and accurately than can be done by most random signal processors. (2010)

We compare and contrast from a geometric perspective a number of low-dimensional signal models that support stable information-preserving dimensionality reduction. We consider sparse and compressible signal models for deter- ministic and random signals, structured sparse and compressible signal models, point clouds, and manifold signal models. Each model has a particular geometrical structure that enables signal information to be stably preserved via a simple linear and nonadaptive projection to a much lower dimensional space; in each case the projection dimension is independent of the signal's ambient dimension at best or grows logarithmically with it at worst. As abonus, we point out a common misconception related to probabilistic compressible signal models, namely, by showing that the oft-used generalized Gaussian and Laplacian models do not support stable linear dimensionality reduction.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Selective Targeting of Interferon γ to Stromal Fibroblasts and Pericytes as a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Inhibit Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 94K.&lt;/p&gt;
Performance analysis of dynamic acoustic source separation in reverberant rooms (2006)

We study the effect of reverberation and source movement on the performance of blind source separation and deconvolution (BSSD) algorithms. Using the model of statistical room acoustics we derive theoretical performance measures for a class of unmixing algorithms when these are used in a reverberant room. We specifically investigate the cases: 1) where separation of only direct paths is performed and 2) the case where unmixing of the full reverberant paths is attempted. We develop closed-form performance measures that are dependent on the geometry used and the chosen unmixing system. Using these measures allows us to draw general conclusions on the robustness to source movement of typical BSSD algorithms. Results indicate that performance of systems that show very good separation in static reverberant environments is significantly reduced when sources move, with performance degrading to that of simple direct-path separation