gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Open-Vocabulary Point-Cloud Object Detection without 3D Annotation (2023)

The goal of open-vocabulary detection is to identify novel objects based on arbitrary textual descriptions. In this paper, we address open-vocabulary 3D point-cloud detection by a dividing-and-conquering strategy, which involves: 1) developing a point-cloud detector that can learn a general representation for localizing various objects, and 2) connecting textual and point-cloud representations to enable the detector to classify novel object categories based on text prompting. Specifically, we resort to rich image pre-trained models, by which the point-cloud detector learns localizing objects under the supervision of predicted 2D bounding boxes from 2D pre-trained detectors. Moreover, we propose a novel de-biased triplet cross-modal contrastive learning to connect the modalities of image, point-cloud and text, thereby enabling the point-cloud detector to benefit from vision-language pre-trained models,i.e.,CLIP. The novel use of image and vision-language pre-trained models for point-cloud detectors allows for open-vocabulary 3D object detection without the need for 3D annotations. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method improves at least 3.03 points and 7.47 points over a wide range of baselines on the ScanNet and SUN RGB-D datasets, respectively. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive analysis to explain why our approach works.
Glycoproteins (2001)

Abstract Glycoproteins are proteins that contain covalently bound oligosaccharides. Although there are structural features of N ‐ and O ‐linked oligosaccharides common to all eukaryotes, species‐specific glycosylation reactions create a wide diversity of structures.
Searches for physics beyond the standard model with the $$M_{\mathrm {T2}}$$ variable in hadronic final states with and without disappearing tracks in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {Te}\text {V} $$ (2020)

Two related searches for phenomena beyond the standard model (BSM) are performed using events with hadronic jets and significant transverse momentum imbalance. The results are based on a sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>13</mml:mn> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Te</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace></mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016-2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:msup><mml:mtext>fb</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The first search is inclusive, based on signal regions defined by the hadronic energy in the event, the jet multiplicity, the number of jets identified as originating from bottom quarks, and the value of the kinematic variable <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for events with at least two jets. For events with exactly one jet, the transverse momentum of the jet is used instead. The second search looks in addition for disappearing tracks produced by BSM long-lived charged particles that decay within the volume of the tracking detector. No excess event yield is observed above the predicted standard model background. This is used to constrain a range of BSM models that predict the following: the pair production of gluinos and squarks in the context of supersymmetry models conserving <i>R</i>-parity, with or without intermediate long-lived charginos produced in the decay chain; the resonant production of a colored scalar state decaying to a massive Dirac fermion and a quark; or the pair production of scalar and vector leptoquarks each decaying to a neutrino and a top, bottom, or light-flavor quark. In most of the cases, the results obtained are the most stringent constraints to date.
782: Identification of T Cell Clones that Recognize Shared Renal Cell Carcinoma Antigens (2004)

for hereditary (VHL disease) and most sporadic clear cell RCCs. In addition to regulating the oncogenic signal transduction pathway, it controls the expression of several other proteins. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between CAlX expression, VHL gene alteration, and survival in RCC.
Detachment of Oil Drops from Solid Surfaces in Surfactant Solutions:  Molecular Mechanisms at a Moving Contact Line (2004)

Here, we present experimental data and a theoretical model for the dynamics of detachment of hexadecane drops from a solid substrate (glass plate) in aqueous solutions of anionic surfactant and salt, at various temperatures. The influence of the experimental conditions on the motion of the three-phase contact line is investigated. We found indications that water molecules can propagate by lateral diffusion in a thin layer on the surface of the solid plate. The driving force of the detachment process, viz., the imbalance of the interfacial tensions at the contact line, is engendered by the water penetration, while the line friction force compensates this imbalance and determines the stationary speed. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is achieved. The present study specifies the parameters that can be used to quantitatively characterize the rate of drop detachment, determines the values of these parameters at various experimental conditions, and indicates tools for control of the investigated spontaneous process.
PD-1 Blockade with Pembrolizumab in Advanced Merkel-Cell Carcinoma (2016)

BackgroundMerkel-cell carcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer that is linked to exposure to ultraviolet light and the Merkel-cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Advanced Merkel-cell carcinoma often responds to chemotherapy, but responses are transient. Blocking the programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune inhibitory pathway is of interest, because these tumors often express PD-L1, and MCPyV-specific T cells express PD-1.MethodsIn this multicenter, phase 2, noncontrolled study, we assigned adults with advanced Merkel-cell carcinoma who had received no previous systemic therapy to receive pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) at a dose of 2 mg per kilogram of body weight every 3 weeks. The primary end point was the objective response rate according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. Efficacy was correlated with tumor viral status, as assessed by serologic and immunohistochemical testing.ResultsA total of 26 patients received at least one dose of pembrolizumab. The objective response rate among the 25 patients with at least one evaluation during treatment was 56% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35 to 76); 4 patients had a complete response, and 10 had a partial response. With a median follow-up of 33 weeks (range, 7 to 53), relapses occurred in 2 of the 14 patients who had had a response (14%). The response duration ranged from at least 2.2 months to at least 9.7 months. The rate of progression-free survival at 6 months was 67% (95% CI, 49 to 86). A total of 17 of the 26 patients (65%) had virus-positive tumors. The response rate was 62% among patients with MCPyV-positive tumors (10 of 16 patients) and 44% among those with virus-negative tumors (4 of 9 patients). Drug-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 15% of the patients.ConclusionsIn this study, first-line therapy with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced Merkel-cell carcinoma was associated with an objective response rate of 56%. Responses were observed in patients with virus-positive tumors and those with virus-negative tumors. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute and Merck; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02267603.).
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction by TiO2 and Related Titanium Containing Solids (2013)

Abstract Review: 147 refs.
Expression of Wild-Type and Noncleavable Fas Ligand by Tetracycline-Regulated Adenoviral Vectors to Limit Intimal Hyperplasia in Vascular Lesions (2000)

Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the infiltration of T cells and macrophages into vessel wall are considered to be important for intimal lesion formation after balloon angioplasty. Previous studies have shown that Fas ligand (FasL) gene transfer to balloon-injured vessels inhibits lesion formation by killing both proliferating VSMCs and infiltrating inflammatory cells. Here, we describe the construction and utility of a binary, tetracycline-regulated adenovirus system that provides controlled transgene expression in vitro and in vivo. In this system, optimal transgene expression required cotransfection with an adenovirus encoding the tetracycline-dependent trans-activator (rtTA) and induction with doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX), an analog of tetracycline. Using this system, adenovirus constructs were designed that allow regulated expression of wild-type FasL and a noncleavable mutant of FasL (FasL-NC). Transduction of FasL and FasL-NC induced similar extents of apoptosis in proliferating VSMCs in vitro in a manner that was dependent on the doses of the rtTA adenovirus and the presence of DOX in the medium. Furthermore, inhibition of intimal hyperplasia in injured carotid arteries by FasL or FasL-NC transduction was also dependent on cotransfection with the rtTA adenovirus and administration of DOX by subcutaneous injection. In contrast to wild-type FasL, transduction of FasL-NC did not result in the production of soluble (cleaved) FasL in the medium of infected cells in vitro, or in the serum of rats after local gene transfer to carotid arteries. In conclusion, this binary tetracycline-inducible adenovirus system may allow for safer delivery of cytotoxic genes for therapeutic purposes.
A 1.8-V MOSFET-only ΣΔ modulator using substrate biased depletion-mode MOS capacitors in series compensation (2001)

A low-voltage high-linearity MOSFET-only /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator for speech band applications is presented. The modulator uses substrate biased MOSFETs in the depletion region as capacitors, linearized by a series compensation technique. A second-order fully differential single-loop architecture has been realized in a conventional 0.25-/spl mu/m digital n-well CMOS process without extra layers for capacitors. An SNDR of 72 dB and an SNR of 77 dB is obtained with 8-kHz signal bandwidth at an oversampling ratio of 64. The circuit consumes about 1 mW from a single 1.8-V power supply and occupies a core area of 0.08 mm/sup 2/.
Frequency reconfigurable antenna with MEMS switches for mobile terminals (2011)

A new antenna for mobile terminals is proposed to cover all frequency bands between 640 MHz and 5.85 GHz. The antenna consists of a wide band antenna and a frequency reconfigurable circuit that includes micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) switches. The reconfigurable circuit is used to improve matching at frequency bands which cannot be covered by the wideband antenna alone. The favorable performance of the proposed antenna was confirmed by simulation and measurement.
Fog Based Architecture Design for IoT with Private Nodes: A Smart Home Application (2019)

As the Internet of things became widespread, the amount of data produced by the devices, the sensors and the data has increased rapidly. It is predicted that the amount of data produced in the future will increase by 3-4 times. Increased data can be processed with cloud computing systems. However, due to the internet service quality and computational power constraint problem of smart devices, it has made it compulsory to design privatized fog computing infrastructures especially for the fog systems require processing of the data to be computed at the source. In this paper, a fog computing architecture for IoT with private nodes was proposed and applied in a smart home. Smart home system can be served dynamically at different fog nodes and new fog nodes are defined. Processing of data at fog nodes has resulted in data confidentiality and reduced internet connection usage. An increase in the response rate of the applications was observed.
Molecular mechanism of activation of human musk receptors OR5AN1 and OR1A1 by ( R )-muscone and diverse other musk-smelling compounds (2018)

Understanding olfaction at the molecular level is challenging due to the lack of crystallographic models of odorant receptors (ORs). To better understand the molecular mechanism of OR activation, we focused on chiral (<i>R</i>)-muscone and other musk-smelling odorants due to their great importance and widespread use in perfumery and traditional medicine, as well as environmental concerns associated with bioaccumulation of musks with estrogenic/antiestrogenic properties. We experimentally and computationally examined the activation of human receptors OR5AN1 and OR1A1, recently identified as specifically responding to musk compounds. OR5AN1 responds at nanomolar concentrations to musk ketone and robustly to macrocyclic sulfoxides and fluorine-substituted macrocyclic ketones; OR1A1 responds only to nitromusks. Structural models of OR5AN1 and OR1A1 based on quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) hybrid methods were validated through direct comparisons with activation profiles from site-directed mutagenesis experiments and analysis of binding energies for 35 musk-related odorants. The experimentally found chiral selectivity of OR5AN1 to (<i>R</i>)- over (<i>S</i>)-muscone was also computationally confirmed for muscone and fluorinated (<i>R</i>)-muscone analogs. Structural models show that OR5AN1, highly responsive to nitromusks over macrocyclic musks, stabilizes odorants by hydrogen bonding to Tyr260 of transmembrane α-helix 6 and hydrophobic interactions with surrounding aromatic residues Phe105, Phe194, and Phe207. The binding of OR1A1 to nitromusks is stabilized by hydrogen bonding to Tyr258 along with hydrophobic interactions with surrounding aromatic residues Tyr251 and Phe206. Hydrophobic/nonpolar and hydrogen bonding interactions contribute, respectively, 77% and 13% to the odorant binding affinities, as shown by an atom-based quantitative structure-activity relationship model.
Optimal Effector Functions in Human Natural Killer Cells Rely upon Autocrine Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling (2014)

Natural killer (NK) cells are critical for innate tumor immunity due to their specialized ability to recognize and kill neoplastically transformed cells. However, NK cells require a specific set of cytokine-mediated signals to achieve optimal effector function. Th1-associated cytokines promote effector functions that are inhibited by the prototypic Th2 cytokine IL4 and the TGFβ superfamily members TGFβ1 and activin-A. Interestingly, the largest subgroup of the TGFβ superfamily are the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), but the effects of BMP signaling on NK cell effector functions have not been evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that blood-circulating NK cells express type I and II BMP receptors, BMP-2 and BMP-6 ligands, and phosphorylated isoforms of Smad-1/-5/-8, which mediate BMP family member signaling. In opposition to the inhibitory effects of TGFβ1 or activin-A, autocrine BMP signaling was supportive to NK cell function. Mechanistic investigations in cytokine and TLR-L-activated NK cells revealed that BMP signaling optimized IFNγ and global cytokine and chemokine production, phenotypic activation and proliferation, and autologous dendritic cell activation and target cytotoxicity. Collectively, our findings identify a novel auto-activatory pathway that is essential for optimal NK cell effector function, one that might be therapeutically manipulated to help eradicate tumors. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5019-31. ©2014 AACR.
Bond Rotation Dynamics of N-Cycloalkenyl-N-benzyl α-Haloacetamide Derivatives (2009)

Barriers to rotation of the N-alkenyl bond in a series of N-cycloalkenyl-N-benzyl alpha-haloacetamide derivatives have been measured by variable-temperature NMR experiments. The barriers range from 10 to 18 kcal/mol, depending on ring size and on substituents on the cycloalkene and the amide. The observed trends aid in the design of substituent combinations that provide resolvable enantiomers or diastereomers at ambient temperature. The compounds undergo 4-exo and 5-endo radical cyclizations at rates that may be faster or slower than the estimated rate of N-alkenyl bond rotation in the derived radicals, depending on the substituents.
Chromogenesis mirabilis in Streptomyces griseus (1972)

A number of chromogenic Streptomyces, producing diffusible melanoid pigment on complex organic media, fail to form melanin pigment on conventionally used synthetic tyrosine agar. By means of our new melanin formation test, almost all the chromogenic streptomyces can now be detected in chemically defined medium. In contrast to ordinary chromogenic streptomyces, two streptomyces species of the International Streptomyces Project, S. griseus ISP 5236 and S. ornatus ISP 5307, produce melanin pigment only on synthetic tyrosine agar, without showing chromogenicity on complex organic media. From the results obtained with S. griseus ISP 5236 and S. phaeochromogenes ISP 5073, it was revealed that melanin formation by Streptomyces, in general, is inhibited by L-cysteine present in organic nitrogen sources incorporated into natural media. Most chromogenic species of streptomyces produce a higher level of tyrosinase and rapidly utilize L-cysteine in the culture media which result in the manifestation of good chromogenicity on natural media. Peculiarity of chromogenicity of S. griseus and S. ornatus might be due to the lower ability to produce tyrosinase and to utilize L-cysteine in the culture medium.
Investigations of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase Using X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy In situ Experiment on the Lithium‐Based Solid Electrolyte LiPSON (2019)

Lithium phosphorus sulfuric oxide nitride (LiPSON) is prepared by radio frequency (RF) sputtering using a sputter target with compositions of 50 wt% Li 3 PO 4 and 50 wt% Li 2 SO 4 . Knowledge about the present phases at the solid electrolyte–lithium anode interface, the so‐called solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), is achieved by performing an in situ sputtering of metallic lithium on the electrolyte and subsequently measuring the chemical bonding by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Information about the SEI is of essential interest to understand the process of lithium‐ion conduction in the half cell. Therefore, the information about the formation of lithium phases in the SEI is crucial.
Transmitter-Receiver Optical Sub Assembly using Ultra-Compact Tunable DBR/Ring Laser (2021)

We demonstrate a tiny optical module which integrates an ultra-compact wavelength tunable laser, InP-based transmitter and PLC-based receiver. The optical module exhibits low-insertion loss (&lt;13.6 dB) and high bandwidth (&gt;45 GHz) for ≥400-Gb/s coherent-optical links.
An in situ cell for characterization of solids by soft x-ray absorption (2004)

A cell has been designed and fabricated for in situ characterization of catalysts and environmental materials using soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy and spectromicroscopy at photon energies above 250 eV. “Lab-on-a-chip” technologies were used to fabricate the cell on a glass wafer. The sample compartment is 1.0 mm in diameter and has a gas path length of 0.8 mm to minimize x-ray absorption in the gas phase. The sample compartment can be heated to 533 K by an Al resistive heater and gas flows up to 5.0 cm3 min−1 can be supplied to the sample compartment through microchannels. The performance of the cell was tested by acquiring Cu L3-edge x-ray appearance near-edge structure (XANES) data during the reduction and oxidation of a silica-supported Cu catalyst using the beam line 11.0.2 scanning transmission x-ray microscope (STXM) at the Advanced Light Source of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley, CA). Two-dimensional images of individual catalyst particles were recorded at photon energies between 926 and 937 eV, the energy range in which the Cu(II) and Cu(I) L3 absorption edges are observed. Oxidation state specific images of the catalyst clearly show the disappearance of Cu(II) species during the exposure of the oxidized sample to 4% CO in He while increasing the temperature from 308 to 473 K. Reoxidation restores the intensity of the image associated with Cu(II). Cu L3-edge XANES spectra obtained from stacks of STXM images show that with increasing temperature the Cu(II) peak intensity decreases as the Cu(I) peak intensity increases.
Modified TNO-Blake model for aerofoil surface pressure prediction with canopies (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3203.vid The modelling of the surface pressure spectrum beneath a turbulent boundary layer near the trailing edge of an aerofoil with bio-inspired surface treatments, called canopies, is investigated. Canopies are simply a cylindrical rods uniformly spaced along the span of the aerofoil. The velocity measurements indicated that the flow at the trailing edge of an aerofoil treated with canopies is localised and shows periodic behaviour across the span with treatment spacing. As a result, the mean-flow velocity gradient along the span (@U1=@x3) cannot be assumed as zero for x2=h = 4, which is shown in this paper. Therefore, the original surface pressure solution of Poisson’s equation is modified by introducing an additional source term consisting of the mean-shear contribution, given as @U1=@x3 @u3=@x1. Furthermore, the surface pressure attenuation due to the canopies shows a periodic behaviour across the span for treatments with an Open-Area-Ratio (OAR) between 70% and 90 %. This observation is consistent with our previous experimental results; therefore, the primary motivation for proposing a 3D TNO-Blake model, accounting for the interaction between the gradient of the stream-wise mean velocity along the span and span-wise fluctuating component along the stream. The model is built based on the inputs from Large Eddy Simulation results and additional wind tunnel measurements.
Supplementary Data from Somatic Tissue Engineering in Mouse Models Reveals an Actionable Role for WNT Pathway Alterations in Prostate Cancer Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures and Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Improved Lossy Image Compression with Priming and Spatially Adaptive Bit Rates for Recurrent Networks (2017)

We propose a method for lossy image compression based on recurrent, convolutional neural networks that outperforms BPG (4:2:0 ), WebP, JPEG2000, and JPEG as measured by MS-SSIM. We introduce three improvements over previous research that lead to this state-of-the-art result. First, we show that training with a pixel-wise loss weighted by SSIM increases reconstruction quality according to several metrics. Second, we modify the recurrent architecture to improve spatial diffusion, which allows the network to more effectively capture and propagate image information through the network's hidden state. Finally, in addition to lossless entropy coding, we use a spatially adaptive bit allocation algorithm to more efficiently use the limited number of bits to encode visually complex image regions. We evaluate our method on the Kodak and Tecnick image sets and compare against standard codecs as well recently published methods based on deep neural networks.