gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zwitterionic Polymer Coating Suppresses Microglial Encapsulation to Neural Implants In Vitro and In Vivo (2020)

For brain computer interfaces (BCI), the immune response to implanted electrodes is a major biological cause of device failure. Bioactive coatings such as neural adhesion molecule L1 have been shown to improve the biocompatibility, but are difficult to handle or produce in batches. Here, a synthetic zwitterionic polymer coating, poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) is developed for neural implants with the goal of reducing the inflammatory host response. In tests in vitro, the zwitterionic coating inhibits protein adsorption and the attachment of fibroblasts and microglia, and remains stable for at least 4 weeks. In vivo two-photon microscopy on CX3CR1-GFP mice shows that the zwitterionic coating significantly suppresses the microglial encapsulation of neural microelectrodes over a 6 h observation period. Furthermore, the lower microglial encapsulation on zwitterionic polymer-coated microelectrodes is revealed to originate from a reduction in the size but not the number of microglial end feet. This work provides a facile method for coating neural implants with zwitterionic polymers and illustrates the initial interaction between microglia and coated surface at high temporal and spatial resolution.
Model-based shape matching with structural feature grouping (2002)

An essential problem in online handwriting recognition is in the shape variation along with the variety of stroke number and stroke order. This paper presents a clear and systematic approach to shape matching based on structural feature grouping. To cope with topological deformations caused by stroke connection and breaking, we incorporate some aspects of top-down approaches systematically into the shape matching algorithm. The grouping of local structural features into high-level features is controlled by high-level knowledge as well as the simple geometric conditions. The shape matching algorithm requires a small number of prototypes and has the following properties from the viewpoint of online character recognition: (a) The order of strokes is free; (b) The number of strokes is free; (c) Stroke connection and breaking are allowed.
Immunological properties of recombinant HBsAg produced in yeast. (1987)

Although currently available plasma-derived vaccines (PDV) against hepatitis B based on the surface antigen of the virus (HBsAg) are well-tolerated and effective, their supply is limited and time-consuming controls are necessary to assess their safety. It is therefore desirable that an alternative source of HBsAg be found. Recombinant DNA technology has provided the possibility of obtaining HBsAg in large quantities. However, it is important that a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine be not only antigenically similar but also elicits a similar immune response in humans. Using the Ausria kit, the recombinant DNA vaccine of SmithKline Biologicals produced in yeast appears to have a higher antigenic content than a reference plasma-derived HBsAg preparation of similar purity when compared at equivalent protein concentrations. In competition experiments, however, antibodies obtained by immunization with PDV similarly recognized yeast-derived and plasma-derived antigens. Monoclonal antibodies directed to the common a determinant of the whole virus were also used to identify distinct epitopes on the recombinant DNA vaccine. The yeast-derived HBsAg is therefore antigenically similar to plasma-derived HBsAg. The yeast-derived vaccine (YDV) was highly immunogenic in mice, rabbits, goats, monkeys, chimpanzees, and humans. High titres of anti-HBs were reached in humans after three doses administered at 0, 1, and 6 months. The antibodies raised in humans after three doses of YDV were predominantly directed to the common a determinant. Competition studies using monoclonal antibodies raised against the whole virus showed that the antibodies had the same specificity as the antibodies induced by PDV. The affinity for the plasma-derived antigen of antibodies stimulated by YDV and PDV and antibodies present in the sera of convalescent subjects were also similar. Finally, competition experiments showed that the antibodies induced in humans by YDV and antibodies from convalescent subjects were directed to the same binding sites of the plasma-derived antigen. These studies indicate that the yeast-derived vaccine is immunologically similar to the plasma-derived vaccines both in vitro and in vivo and can therefore be expected to have similar protective efficacy.
Laser photolysis studies of duroquinone triplet state electron transfer reactions (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser photolysis studies of duroquinone triplet state electron transfer reactionsR. Scheerer and M. GraetzelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 3, 865–871Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00445a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00445a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views310Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analytical computation of the error probability of (G)MSK with adaptive sampling in mobile radio channels with small delay spread (2002)

We compute analytically the error probability of (Gauss-filtered) minimum shift keying (G)MSK in mobile radio channels with delay spreads S much smaller than the bit length T. We include (i) the time dispersion of the channel in a general way, (ii) filtering of both the data sequence and the received signal, and (iii) noise. To realistically model a cordless communications system, we also choose the sampling time adaptively. We show that the errors due to ISI go like K(S/T)/sup 2/, where the proportionality constant K depends on the Gaussian filtering, the receiver filtering, and the sampling time. The chosen sampling instants for large group delays depend on the signal-to-noise ratios: for low SNR sampling times near the average mean delay are optimum, while at high SNR, sampling times that are shifted by approximately T/2 are optimum.
The scattering of sound by a cylindrical bubble cloud (1989)

Preliminary experiments are preformed on the scattering of acoustic pulses by a cylindrical bubble cloud. The goal is to investigate the role played by experimental length scales in establishing the angular dependence of the scattered intensity. These length scales include bubble diameter, interbubble distance, acoustic wavelength, and cloud diameter. The bubbles (which are larger than resonance size) are much smaller than the wavelength in water, which, in turn, is smaller than the diameter of the cloud. Experiments are carried out in a 1-m3 tank using 250-kHz acoustic pulses generated by a 5-cm-diam circular plane array. An identical receiving array detected the scattered energy as a function of angle. The cylindrical bubble cloud is generated by a constant volume velocity airflow through a fritted ceramic disk located at the bottom of the tank. Results are compared with theories involving spherical clouds as well as homogeneous fluid cylinders with an “effective” compressibility and density. [Work supported by ONR.]
Guggulsterone inhibits angiogenesis by blocking STAT3 and VEGF expression in colon cancer cells (1994)

The plant sterol guggulsterone has been shown to exert anti-tumor effects, making it a candidate chemotherapeutic agent. We investigated the anti-tumor effects of guggulsterone on colon cancer cells and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms related to angiogenesis. The apoptotic effects of guggulsterone were examined by cell survival assay. Western blot analysis was used to determine the levels of various down-stream intracellular proteins involved in angiogenesis, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we tested whether guggulsterone affects the recruitment of STAT3, ARNT and HIF-1α to the human VEGF promoter. To investigate the effect of guggulsterone on vascular endothelial cell migration and invasion, tube formation and migration assays were conducted using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 activities were measured by gelatin zymography. Guggulsterone significantly reduced cell viability in colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and blocked VEGF, ARNT and STAT3 expression prominently in hypoxic conditions. The recruitment of STAT3 and ARNT, but not HIF-1α, to the VEGF promoter was inhibited by guggulsterone treatment. HUVECs produced much foreshortened and severely broken tubes and showed decreased migration activity under guggulsterone effects. In addition, zymography revealed that MMP-2 and -9 enzyme activities were markedly lower in the presence of guggulsterone. The results of this study suggest that guggulsterone not only induces apoptosis, but also inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in colon cancer cells by blocking STAT3 and VEGF expression, suggesting its therapeutic potential in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
GPS Signal Degradation Modeling (2001)

This paper attempts to provide some insight into the
fading properties of GPS signals. When a GPS signal
gets to an antenna, it suffers from masking and blocking
effects from surrounding objects. With respect to these
effects, GPS signals can be divided into clear LOS
signals, shadowed signals, and blocked signals. A
statistic model, Urban Three-State Fade Model
(UTSFM), is discussed in this paper. Experimental
results show that this model can describe the fading
distribution of GPS signals very well. After model fitting,
the model parameters can indicate the composition of the
incoming signals in terms of the relative magnitude of
the three signal types.
Image sensor with In-pixel calculation using crystalline IGZO FET in display (2019)

Abstract An image sensor with in-pixel arithmetic circuits was prototyped with transistors having a crystalline-oxide-semiconductor channel layer, commonly used in display applications. The evaluation of the image sensor confirmed its capability of multiply-accumulate operations using captured image data and filter (weight) data within the pixel and the chip to extract features from a captured image.
Electro‐gene‐transfer as a new tool for cancer immunotherapy in animals (2012)

The concept of vaccines based on the direct inoculation of plasmid DNA gained initial proof-of-concept in small rodent species. Further development was hampered by the difficulty to confirm immunogenicity and efficacy in large animal species and, most importantly, in human clinical trials. These negative findings led to the search of complementary technologies which, in combination with intradermal or intramuscular plasmid DNA injection would result in more robust delivery, decreased interindividual variability, clear evidence of clinical efficacy and which would eventually lead to market approval of new vaccine products. The use of high-pressure, needleless devices as an enhancing tool for plasmid DNA delivery led to recent approval by USDA of Oncept™, a therapeutic cancer vaccine directed against tyrosinase for the therapy of melanoma in dogs. An alternative approach to improve plasmid DNA delivery is electro-gene-transfer (EGT). In this article, we briefly review the principles of DNA-EGT and the evidences for efficacy of a telomerase reverse transcriptase vaccine in a dog clinical trial, and provide perspectives for the use of this technology for broader applications in pet animals.
Prior Is All You Need to Improve the Robustness and Safety for the First Time Deployment of Meta RL. (2021)

The field of Meta Reinforcement Learning (Meta-RL) has seen substantial advancements recently. In particular, off-policy methods were developed to improve the data efficiency of Meta-RL techniques. \textit{Probabilistic embeddings for actor-critic RL} (PEARL) is currently one of the leading approaches for multi-MDP adaptation problems. A major drawback of many existing Meta-RL methods, including PEARL, is that they do not explicitly consider the safety of the prior policy when it is exposed to a new task for the very first time. This is very important for some real-world applications, including field robots and Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). In this paper, we develop the PEARL PLUS (PEARL$^+$) algorithm, which optimizes the policy for both prior safety and posterior adaptation. Building on top of PEARL, our proposed PEARL$^+$ algorithm introduces a prior regularization term in the reward function and a new Q-network for recovering the state-action value with prior context assumption, to improve the robustness and safety of the trained network exposing to a new task for the first time. The performance of the PEARL$^+$ method is demonstrated by solving three safety-critical decision-making problems related to robots and AVs, including two MuJoCo benchmark problems. From the simulation experiments, we show that the safety of the prior policy is significantly improved compared to that of the original PEARL method.
Efficient Complex High-Precision Computations on GPUs without Precision Loss (2017)

General-purpose computing on graphics processing units is the utilization of a graphics processing unit (GPU) to perform computation in applications traditionally handled by the central processing unit. Many attempts have been made to implement well-known algorithms on embedded and mobile GPUs. Unfortunately, these applications are computationally complex and often require high precision arithmetic, whereas embedded and mobile GPUs are designed specifically for graphics, and thus are very restrictive in terms of input/output, precision, programming style and primitives available. This paper studies how to implement efficient and accurate high-precision algorithms on embedded GPUs adopting the OpenGL ES language. We discuss the problems arising during the design phase, and we detail our implementation choices, focusing on the SIFT and ALP key-point detectors. We transform standard, i.e., single (or double) precision floating-point computations, to reduced-precision GPU arithmetic without precision loss. We develop a desktop framework to simulate Gaussian Scale Space transforms on all possible target embedded GPU platforms, and with all possible range and precision arithmetic. We illustrate how to re-engineer standard Gaussian Scale Space computations to mobile multi-core parallel GPUs using the OpenGL ES language. We present experiments on a large set of standard images, proving how efficiency and accuracy can be maintained on different target platforms. To sum up, we present a complete framework to minimize future programming effort, i.e., to easily check, on different embedded platforms, the accuracy and performance of complex algorithms requiring high-precision computations.
IBRUTINIB IN RELAPSE OR REFRACTORY PRIMARY CNS AND VITREO‐RETINAL LYMPHOMA. RESULTS OF THE PRIMARY END‐POINT OF THE ILOC PHASE II STUDY FROM THE LYSA AND THE FRENCH LOC NETWORK. (2017)

Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), predominantly of non-germinal center (non-GC) subtype, with a constitutive activation of the NF-kB pathway. Mutations in B cell receptor (BCR) pathway (CD79B) and mutation of MYD 88 and TBL1XR1 play an important role in PCNSL. Ibrutinib is an inhibitor of BCR signaling, with a significant therapeutic activity in relapsed or refractory non-CNS non-GC DLBCL. This prospective, multicenter, open-label phase II, was designed for immuno-competent patients over 18 with a refractory or relapse of PCNSL or primary vitreo-retinal lymphoma (PVRL) of DLBCL type. The treatment consisted in ibrutinib monotherapy given orally at 560 mg daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Additional corticosteroids treatment was allowed during the first 4 weeks of treatment in case of a threatening or symptomatic edema. The primary objective of the study was the disease control (DC) rate (CR + CRu + PR + SD) after two months of treatment. Patients were evaluable for response if they received ≥90% of the expected dose during the first month of treatment. A total of 35 evaluable patients were required for the final analysis (P0 < 10%; P1 hypotheses >30%). Results of the interim analysis were encouraging with a DC achieved in 15/18 patients (83%, IC 95%, [59-96%]) after two months of treatment. NCT02542514. Between September 2015 and June 2016, 52 patients were recruited in 10 French centers of the French LOC network for PCNSL. Forty-three patients (24 females; 19 males) are evaluable for response (median age: 70 y, range 52-81). Initial diagnoses were PCNSL (n = 30) and PVRL (n = 13). Patients were included in the study for a relapse (n = 31) or a progressive disease (n = 12). At time of inclusion in the study, disease status was PCNSL (n = 29) and PVRL or isolated intra-ocular relapse of a PCNSL (n = 14). Four patients had a concomitant meningeal involvement. ECOG performance status was 0, 1 and 2 in 11, 22 and 10 patients respectively. All the patients had previously received high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy. Six patients had previously received high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. Patients had received ≥2 prior treatments in 25 cases. Twenty-seven patients prematurely interrupted ibrutinib treatment between cycle 2 and cycle 15 (median time: 3 months, range, 0.9-13 months), because of a progressive disease (n = 22), toxicity (n = 1, grade 3 hyphema), other (n = 4). Among the 52 patients included in the study, two patients experienced a pulmonary aspergillosis with a favorable (n = 1) and a fatal outcome (n = 1). Ibrutinib was detectable in the CSF (> 0.15 ng/ml) in all the samples tested (n = 26). Thirteen patients are currently on treatment ≥6 months, including 8 patients ≥12 months. The analysis of the primary end-point of the 43 evaluable patients is ongoing and results will be presented. Keywords: ibrutinib; primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL).
Clinical Validation and Comparison of Alternative Methods for Evaluation of Entrainment Mapping (2009)

Each of the alternative methods may be used for evaluation of ER when PPI-TCL cannot be assessed directly. Results obtained by both alternative methods are comparable.
HIFU Hemostasis of Liver Injuries Enhanced by Ultrasound Contrast Agents (2005)

Our objective was to investigate whether High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) hemostasis can be achieved faster in the presence of ultrasound contrast agents (UCA). Incisions (3 cm long and 0.5 cm deep) were made in surgically exposed rabbit liver. Optison at a concentration of 0.18 ml/kg was injected into the mesenteric vein, immediately before the incision was made. The HIFU applicator (frequency of 5.5 MHz, and intensity of 3,700 W/cm2) was scanned manually over the incision (at an approximate rate of 1 mm/s) until hemostasis was achieved. The times to complete hemostasis were measured and normalized with the initial blood loss. The hemostasis times were 59±23 s in the presence of Optison and 70±23 s without Optison. The presence of Optison produced a 37% reduction in the normalized hemostasis times (p<0.05). Optison also provided faster (by 34%) formation of the coagulum seal over the lesion. Gross observations showed that the lesion size did not change due to the presence of Optison. Histological analysis showed that lesions consisted of an area of coagulation necrosis in vicinity of the incision, occasionally surrounded by a congestion zone filled with blood. Our results suggest the potential utility of microbubble contrast agents for increasing efficiency of HIFU hemostasis of internal organ injuries.
Issues in H.264/MPEG-2 video transcoding (2004)

The H.264 video coding standard has recently been standardized under the auspices of both the ITU and the ISO video experts groups. This new generation video standard, with its significant bandwidth savings, is expected to replace the use of MPEG-2 video compression in digital video systems. The complete migration to the new video coding algorithm will take several years given the wide scale use of MPEG-2 in the market place today. This creates an important need for transcoding technologies that transcode the widely available MPEG-2 compressed video to H.264 compressed format and vice versa. The high transcoding complexity can be reduced by reusing the information gathered in the video decoding process. However, given the significant differences between the MPEG-2 and the H.264 coding algorithms, transcoding is much more complex compared to MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 transcoding. We give a brief introduction to H.264 and discuss the issues in transcoding and complexity reduction.
Supplementary Table S1 from Adiponectin Receptor Signaling on Dendritic Cells Blunts Antitumor Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Primers used in the molecular cloning.&lt;/p&gt;
Regulation of bcl-2 Proto-Oncogene Expression During Normal Human Lymphocyte Proliferation (1987)

The bcl-2 and c-myc proto-oncogenes are brought into juxtaposition with the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in particular B-cell lymphomas, resulting in high levels of constitutive accumulation of their messenger RNAs. Precisely how the products of the bcl-2 and c-myc genes contribute to tumorigenesis is unknown, but observations that c-myc expression is rapidly induced in nonneoplastic lymphocytes upon stimulation of proliferation raise the possibility that this proto-oncogene is involved in the control of normal cellular growth. In addition to c-myc, the bcl-2 proto-oncogene also was expressed in normal human B and T lymphocytes after stimulation with appropriate mitogens. Comparison of the regulation of the expression of these proto-oncogenes demonstrated marked differences and provided evidence that, in contrast to c-myc, levels of bcl-2 messenger RNA are regulated primarily through transcriptional mechanisms.