gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long Life Fully Reversible Lithium-CO2 Battery (2019)

Although far less studied, lithium-CO 2 (Li-CO 2 ) batteries are attractive energy storage systems for fulfilling the demand for the future large-scale applications such as electric vehicles and grid systems due to their higher specific energy density (~1876 Wh/kg) compared to those of commonly used lithium-ion (~265 Wh/kg) and lead-acid (~30-40 Wh/kg) batteries. However, the major challenges with these batteries are the low cyclability and poor reversibility of discharge products (e.g., Li 2 CO 3 and carbon) during the battery cycling. An ideal system must operate in carbon neutral conditions in order to reversibly balance the electrochemical reactions during discharge and charge processes. In this work, using molybdenum disulfide nanoflakes as a cathode catalyst combined with an ionic liquid and dimethyl sulfoxide hybrid electrolyte, we have obtained a Li-CO 2 battery with a long cycle life while maintaining a carbon neutrality in the system. The battery shows a superior cycle life of 500 for a fixed 500 mAh/g capacity per cycle and a remarkable deep discharge capacity of 60,000 mAh/g, which are by far the best cycling stability and highest capacity reported in Li-CO 2 batteries, respectively. The presented Li-CO 2 battery system demonstrates for the first time that C-O bond making and breaking chemical transformations can be used in energy storage systems with a long cycle life, in addition to the widely studied alkali metal (Li, Na, K) – oxygen bond making and breaking transformations. Theoretical calculations are used to provide insight into the reaction mechanisms for the reversible formation and decomposition of the products during the discharge and charge processes. The achievement of a reversible, long cycle life Li-CO 2 battery helps to improve Li-CO 2 chemical performance and energy storage systems.
A Parallelized Synchronization Method for Wideband Wireless Systems (2019)

Acquiring initial synchronization with auto-correlation is simple and reliable method in wireless OFDM systems. However, recent trend of making use of wide-band frequency resources and accompanying high-frequency feature makes their implementation problematic. In order to solve this difficulty in developing our wireless backhaul system, we partitioned input signal into a few slower operation paths. This paper suggests how to acquire initial synchronization in this environment with minimum hardware and achieving performance goal in desired channel environment.
Mechanism and inhibition of .DELTA.24-sterol methyltransferase from Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis (1989)

The S-adenosyl-L-methionine: delta 24-sterol methyltransferase from Candida albicans has been solubilized with a mixture of octyl glucoside and sodium taurodeoxycholate. The enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 150,000 as measured by gel filtration chromatography. Zymosterol is the preferred substrate for the microsomal methyltransferase. Other nuclear double bond isomers support reduced rates of methenylation, while sterols which bear methyl groups at C-4 or C-14 are not substrates. Initial velocity and product inhibition studies are consistent with a rapid equilibrium ordered kinetic mechanism. A series of novel sterol analogues which contain heteroatoms substituted for C-24 or C-25 have been kinetically characterized as dead-end inhibitors of the methyltransferase, revealing three distinct mechanisms of interaction with the enzyme. Sterols which contain positively charged moieties in these positions are particularly potent inhibitors, supporting the proposed intermediacy of C-24 and C-25 carbocations. The methyltransferase is reversibly inhibited by low concentrations of 24-thiasterols, while behavior consistent with mechanism-based enzyme inactivation is apparent at higher concentrations. Possible mechanisms for this novel inactivation reaction are discussed.
Academic Drug Development: The DRIVE Model (2018)

Although there are hundreds of academic drug discovery centers open around the world, there are comparatively few academic drug development centers that contain the key core competencies needed to progress a lead compound into clinical trials. This is largely a consequence of operating in the "Valley of Death" (i.e., insufficient infrastructure, expertise, and funding). We have created an academic drug development center called DRIVE (Drug Innovation Ventures at Emory) that was designed to overcome many of the intrinsic and occasionally unintended barriers associated with academic drug development. Herein, we report a proof of concept that the DRIVE model provides a robust framework for pursuing university-based drug development, especially when the drugs in question target rare and neglected diseases.
An improved genome assembly uncovers prolific tandem repeats in Atlantic cod (2017)

The inclusion of PacBio reads combined with the use of multiple assembly programs drastically improved the Atlantic cod genome assembly by successfully resolving long TRs. The high frequency of heterozygous TRs within or in the vicinity of genes in the genome indicate a considerable standing genomic variation in Atlantic cod populations, which is likely of evolutionary importance.
Abstract 3844: Targeting macrophages as a novel therapeutic approach for malignant pleural mesothelioma (2010)

Abstract Mesothelioma is a life-threatening tumor, induced by inhalation of asbestos fibers that is largely resistant to most chemotherapeutic drugs. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, we have evaluated both the presence and composition of leukocytes residing in human mesotheliomas, and have found that 1) epithelioid and mixed mesothelioma tumor subtypes contain higher percentages of CD45+ leukocytes than sarcomatous tumors, and 2) macrophages represent the most abundant immune cell subtype in mesothelioms, regardless of type (31 ± 4.6% of total CD45+). Indeed, the percentage of macrophages in mesotheliomas exceeded that found in other thoracic malignancies thus far evaluated (NSCLC cancer, 9%; esophageal, 4%). In view of recent data indicating that macrophages potentiate cancer development in some settings, and that macrophages can be targeted therapeutically to minimize some aspects of tumor progression, we investigated whether macrophages could be targeted to alter the chemosensitivity of human mesotheliomas. To address this question, we adapted a 3-dimensional (3D) spheroid growth model, enabling heterotypic culture of mesotheliomal cells and macrophages. Our data indicate that mesothelioma chemoresistance can be lowered by co-incubation with macrophages. However, the magnitude of the altered response is dependent upon macrophage phenotype. Macrophage phenotype and bioactivity is modulated by TH1 and TH2 cytokine exposure that in turn regulate either an M1 (IFN-γ &amp; LPS) or M2 (IL-4) phenotype. M1-polarized macrophages increased the response of malignant mesothelioma spheroids to pro-apoptotic chemotherapeutic agents, including gemcitabine. Furthermore, our preliminary data indicate that primary human tumor-associated macrophages, isolated from untreated malignant mesotheliomas, exhibit similar pro-apoptotic effects when polarized with M1 cytokines, indicating that cytokine re-polarization of macrophages in mesotheliomas to an M1 phenotype could enhance efficacy of cytotoxic therapy. This work was supported by grants from the NCI and a DoD Mesothelioma Program grant PR080717 to Broaddus and Coussens Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3844.
Iranian Existing Steel Buildings: State of the Practice; Part 1: Non-Engineered Practices (2006)

Iranian existing steel buildings can be divided into two main categories. The first category includes a wide range of steel buildings a large number of which were built before 1990, and their construction was based on neither seismic nor non-seismic codes. These buildings have been designed mainly according to the experiences of traditional architects, and their patterns of construction can be named as Iranian “Non-Engineered Practices”. In contrast to the first category, there are Iranian steel buildings which have been constructed according to the “Engineered Practices”, and the contemporary codes have been considered in their design and configuration. The common characteristic of buildings of the second category is that although these buildings have a reliable gravity load system, there is serious doubt about their ability to resist earthquake loads.&lt;br /&gt;These two types of practices have had crucial effects on the current seismic performance of Iranian steel buildings. Based on the experiences of past earthquakes such as Roudbar-Manjil Earthquake (1990), and Bam Earthquake (2003), it has been confirmed that these practices which are based on almost no seismic code or document can not satisfy seismic requirements of steel buildings properly, and therefore finding their weak points is essential. In the present paper, after introducing the common “Non-Engineered Practices” of Iranian steel buildings, their general seismic deficiencies are considered. The final part of this paper proposes different general rehabilitation strategies that may be appropriate for typical Iranian steel buildings. It should be mentioned that the “Engineered Practices” of construction have been described in the Part 2.
Convenient synthesis of ordered mesoporous silica at room temperature and quasi-neutral pH (2009)

A new synthesis procedure is presented to prepare P6m ordered mesoporous silica at room temperature and quasi-neutral pH in a buffered medium using a cheap silicon source.
Degradation of Block Copolymer Films Confined in Elastic Media: Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2020)

We performed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of swelling and degradation of copolymer films confined within polymer networks with different values of shear modulus. The microphase separated copolymer films are shown to degrade by surface and bulk erosion depending on the relative rate of the chain breaking and water diffusion into the copolymer film. Specifically, degrees of swelling of the hydrophobic domains controlled by copolymer composition have a strong effect on the degradation kinetics of the films. There is a competitive substitution of the solvent by hydrophilic fragments of degraded film depending on their affinity to the network strands. Characteristic for diffusion-controlled processes, t1/2 scaling dependence of the network interface displacement is observed. The evolution of the film structures is quantified by analyzing the film scattering function S(q). The peak position in the scattering function associated with interdomain spacing shifts toward smaller q values and disappears as copolymers degrade. The dispersity (Đ) of the degraded fragments is found to be a universal function of the fraction of broken bonds p independent of the copolymer composition and structure.
Structure of the meningococcal vaccine antigen NadA and epitope mapping of a bactericidal antibody (2014)

Serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB) is a major cause of severe sepsis and invasive meningococcal disease, which is associated with 5-15% mortality and devastating long-term sequelae. Neisserial adhesin A (NadA), a trimeric autotransporter adhesin (TAA) that acts in adhesion to and invasion of host epithelial cells, is one of the three antigens discovered by genome mining that are part of the MenB vaccine that recently was approved by the European Medicines Agency. Here we present the crystal structure of NadA variant 5 at 2 Å resolution and transmission electron microscopy data for NadA variant 3 that is present in the vaccine. The two variants show similar overall topology with a novel TAA fold predominantly composed of trimeric coiled-coils with three protruding wing-like structures that create an unusual N-terminal head domain. Detailed mapping of the binding site of a bactericidal antibody by hydrogen/deuterium exchange MS shows that a protective conformational epitope is located in the head of NadA. These results provide information that is important for elucidating the biological function and vaccine efficacy of NadA.
The Selection of Corrosion Inhibitors under Oil/Water/Gas Flow Conditions in Deep Offshore Catenary Risers (2013)

Abstract Multiphase flow characteristics can be altered with the change of pipeline topography in deep offshore oil and gas production. The increase of corrosion rate and decrease of inhibitor performance in the risers can occur due to the change of multiphase flow characteristics (e.g. severe slugging). For the simulation of offshore flow lines and risers, the experiments were carried out in a 44 m long industrial scale multiphase flow loop equipped with three different pipeline inclinations of 0, 3 and 45 degrees. The effectiveness of three commercial corrosion inhibitors were analyzed using 25 cP oil at 20% water cut with three different gas velocities (0.7 m/s, 3 m/s, and 6 m/s). All tests were carried out at a liquid velocity of 1.5 m/s, a system pressure of 6 bar (76 psig) using carbon dioxide gas as the gas phase, and a temperature of 50°C. Also, the effect of inclination on the flow characteristics (e.g. flow pattern) and their subsequent effect on corrosion rates are described. The results indicated that severe pitting corrosion was noticed in the 3 and 45° weight loss coupons for baseline testing. Severe slugging and high slug frequency were seen in 45 degree upward flowing conditions. The tests differentiated between three corrosion inhibitors. In most of testing conditions, high inhibitor concentration was required to achieve the target corrosion rate.
Complete Genome Sequence of Helicobacter pylori Strain ATCC 43504, a Type Strain That Can Infect Gerbils (2020)

<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> ATCC 43504 is a type strain isolated from a gastric cancer patient in Australia and is commonly used for pathogenicity studies. In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of a strain that can infect gerbils. The data provide a basis for future <i>H. pylori</i> research.
Recent Advances: Clinical immunology (1996)

Summary points The genetic basis for many types of hereditary immunodeficiency has now been found, allowing more precise diagnosis and giving hope for future treatments Manipulation of proteins that regulate complement activation has exciting therapeutic implications, such as ameliorating the hyperacute rejection of xenografts Deficiencies in complement regulators have been implicated in several types of kidney disease, and soluble complement receptor 1 may be useful in future treatments Intravenous immunoglobulin is now used to treat several systemic inflammatory conditions, and its effects include modulating proinflammatory cytokines and complement activation Use of new technologies is allowing development of more effective vaccines and avoidance of adverse effects such as found with whole cell pertussis vaccine
Four New Stilbene Oligomers in the Root of Gnetum gnemon (2002)

Four new stilbene oligomers, gnemonols G, H, I, and J (1–4), were isolated from acetone extract of the root of Gnetum gnemon along with five known stilbenoids, ampelopsin E, cis-ampelopsin E, gnetins C, D, and E. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.
Topology optimized multi-functional mechanically reconfigurable meta-optics studied at microwave frequencies (2020)

Metasurfaces advanced the field of optics by reducing the thickness of optical components and merging multiple functionalities into a single layer device. However, this generally comes with a reduction in performance, especially for multifunctional and broadband applications. Three-dimensional metastructures can provide the necessary degrees of freedom for advanced applications, while maintaining minimal thickness. This work explores 3D mechanically reconfigurable devices that perform focusing, spectral demultiplexing, and polarization sorting based on mechanical configuration. As proof of concept, a rotatable device, auxetic device, and a shearing-based device are designed with adjoint-based topology optimization, 3D-printed, and measured at microwave frequencies (7.6-11.6 GHz) in an anechoic chamber.
Electrical energy absorption in the human head from a cellular telephone (1996)

The antenna of a cellular telephone in close proximity to the human head for a variety of time periods raises questions. This research uses the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to calculate the power deposition from a cellular telephone on a high-resolution model of a human head as measured by the specific absorption rates (SAR) in W/kg. Visualization has been used to verify the modeling for simulation, assisted in analyzing the data and understanding the physical aspects controlling the power absorption.
Excimer laser application: writing of fiber Bragg gratings (2003)

During the last decade the development of fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) was forced by the ever growing demand on data transmission capacity. Fiber Bragg gratings support as filters, amplifiers, and stabilizers the entire optical network philosophy avoiding optical to electrical signal conversion. Whereas in the early 1990s the most gratings were manufactured by researchers with continuous wave (cw) laser sources, the excimer laser became a common tool for high throughput writing of Bragg gratings in the mid 1990s. The excimer laser is nowadays still the most efficient UV laser source which leads to low cost of operations compared to other UV sources. This paper presents the possibilities and advantages of excimer lasers in regards to writing of fiber Bragg gratings.
Rapid assessment of SARS-CoV-2 evolved variants using virus-like particles (2021)

Abstract Newly evolved SARS-CoV-2 variants are driving ongoing outbreaks of COVID-19 around the world. Efforts to determine why these viral variants have improved fitness are limited to mutations in the viral spike (S) protein and viral entry steps using non-SARS-CoV-2 viral particles engineered to display S. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles can package and deliver exogenous transcripts, enabling analysis of mutations within all structural proteins and rapid dissection of multiple steps in the viral life cycle. Identification of an RNA packaging sequence was critical for engineered transcripts to assemble together with SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins S, nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M) and envelope (E) into non-replicative SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (SC2-VLPs) that deliver these transcripts to ACE2- and TMPRSS2-expressing cells. Using SC2-VLPs, we tested the effect of 30 individual mutations within the S and N proteins on particle assembly and entry. While S mutations unexpectedly did not affect these steps, SC2-VLPs bearing any one of four N mutations found universally in more-transmissible viral variants (P199L, S202R, R203M and R203K) showed increased particle production and up to 10-fold more reporter transcript expression in receiver cells. Our study provides a platform for rapid testing of viral variants outside a biosafety level 3 setting and identifies viral N mutations and viral particle assembly as mechanisms to explain the increased spread of current viral variants, including Delta (N:R203M). One-Sentence Summary R203M substitution within SARS-CoV-2 N, found in delta variant, improves RNA packaging into virus-like particles by 10-fold.
Capacitors on organic modules: a new THB failure mode and method of detection (2009)

Multi-terminal low inductance capacitors (MTLICs) are used widely throughout the electronics industry to aid with voltage noise suppression and to manage high speed switching currents. They are implemented on system level cards as well as microprocessors and ASICs. MTLIC component dimensions are getting smaller with increased requirements on capacitance/inductance, driving more Ni plates (up to ~160), thinner dielectrics and therefore resulting in an increased risk for failure in temperature, humidity and bias stressing. Traditionally, MTLICs have been more robust than the modules they are used on-but this may be changing.
Tissue atomization by high intensity focused ultrasound (2012)

Liquid atomization and fountain formation by focused ultrasound was first published by Wood and Loomis [1]. Since then, the cavitation-wave hypothesis emerged to explain atomization in a fountain, which states atomization arises from a combination of surface capillary waves and the collapse of cavitation bubbles. More recently, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been shown to fractionate tissue through either pulsed-cavitation or millisecond boiling histotripsy therapies; however it is unclear how millimeter-size boiling bubbles or cavitation bubble clouds fractionate tissue into submicron-size fragments. The objective of this work is to test the hypothesis experimentally that atomization and fountain formation occurs similarly in liquids and tissues and results in tissue erosion. A 2-MHz HIFU transducer operating at peak <i>in situ</i> pressures of 50 MPa and -11 MPa (linear intensity = 14,000 W/cm<sup>2</sup>) was focused at the interface between a liquid or tissue and air. A high-speed camera was used to monitor atomization and fountain formation in water, ethanol, glycerol, bovine liver, and porcine blood clots. The <i>in situ</i> linear intensity threshold for consistent atomization in one 10-ms pulse increased in the order: ethanol (180 W/cm<sup>2</sup>) < blood clot (250 W/cm<sup>2</sup>) < water (350 W/cm<sup>2</sup>) < liver (6200 W/cm<sup>2</sup>); glycerol did not atomize. Average jet velocities for the initial spray at the maximum acoustic intensity were similar for all materials and on the order of 20 m/s. The tissue erosion rate of liver approached saturation at around 300 10-ms pulses repeated at 1 Hz, which had an average erosion volume of 25.7±10.9 mm<sup>3</sup>. While tissue atomization and fountain formation does not completely mimic what is observed in liquids, atomization provides a plausible explanation of how tissue is fractionated in millisecond boiling and possibly even cavitation cloud histotrispy therapies.
Carrier Dynamics and Absorption Properties of Gold-Hyperdoped Germanium: Insight Into Tailoring Defect Energetics (2021)

Hyperdoping germanium with gold is a potential method to produce room-temperature short-wavelength-infrared radiation (SWIR; $1.4--3.0\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$) photodetection. We investigate the charge carrier dynamics, light absorption, and structural properties of gold-hyperdoped germanium ($\mathrm{Ge}$:$\mathrm{Au}$) fabricated with varying ion implantation and nanosecond pulsed laser melting conditions. Time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy (TRTS) measurements show that $\mathrm{Ge}$:$\mathrm{Au}$ carrier lifetime is significantly higher than that in previously studied hyperdoped silicon systems. Furthermore, we find that lattice composition, sub-band-gap optical absorption, and carrier dynamics depend greatly on hyperdoping conditions. We use density functional theory (DFT) to model dopant distribution, electronic band structure, and optical absorption. These simulations help explain experimentally observed differences in optical and optoelectronic behavior across different samples. DFT modeling reveals that substitutional dopant incorporation has the lowest formation energy and leads to deep energy levels. In contrast, interstitial or dopant-vacancy complex incorporation yields shallower energy levels that do not contribute to sub-band-gap light absorption and have a small effect on charge carrier lifetimes. These results suggest that it is promising to tailor dopant incorporation sites of $\mathrm{Ge}$:$\mathrm{Au}$ for SWIR photodetection applications.