gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Programming Languages, Environments, and Tools for Agent‐Directed Simulation (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Architectural Style for ADS Agent-Directed Simulation – An Overview A Survey of Five ADS Platforms Brahms – A Multiagent Simulation for Work System Analysis and Design CASESim – A Multiagent Simulation for Cognitive Agents for Social Environment Conclusion References
Safety Evaluation of Cellulose Nanofibers produced from Soda-anthraquinone Sugi pulp by Enzymatic Treatment and Wet milling (2021)

Cellulose nanofiber （CNF） is a promising new material used in a wide range of industries. The application of soda-anthraquinone cooking of sugi （Japanese cedar） and subsequent nanofibrillation of the enzymatically treated pulp by wet milling enabled us to establish a simple integrated manufacturing process to obtain sugi-CNFs. However, there are concerns that the sugi CNF might be mutagenic or cause skin irritations；therefore, we tested these hypotheses. Acute oral toxicity test using mice showed no abnormality, with an LD50 value of over 2,000 mg/kg. Also, the sugi CNF was found to be non-mutagenic in the bacterial reverse mutation test. In addition, no anomalies were detected in the in vitro chromosomal aberration test using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells. Moreover, the CNF treatment of rabbits in dermal irritation or corrosion tests did not produce severe dermal irritation or corrosion or distinctive signs of toxicity. Erythema was observed in the site of 5wt% CNF application in all the tested animals one hour after the CNF application ended；however, erythema disappeared by the 48th hour. As a result, the sugi CNF was evaluated to be in the non-irritating category. According to the results from the guinea-pig maximization test, which predicts skin sensitization, the effect of the sugi CNF was classified as the weakest grade. In conclusion, the sugi CNF is unlikely to cause mutagenicity in organisms. In addition, the level of skin irritation caused by the sugi CNF is within the normal range of handling.
Retinal Vessel Diameters and Obesity: A Population‐Based Study in Older Persons (2006)

Wider retinal venular diameter is associated with risk of obesity, independent of hypertension, diabetes, lipids, and cigarette smoking. These data may support a role for impaired microvascular function in the course of weight gain.
Hybrid polydimethylsiloxane-zirconium oxo nanocomposites. Part 1 Characterization of the matrix and the siloxane-zirconium oxo interface (1999)

Hybrid materials made from polydimethylsiloxane and zirconium oxo species have been synthesized. They exhibit a high degree of homogeneity and dispersion for Zr/Si molar ratios ranging between 0.2 and 0.9. These hybrid materials show good mechanical integrity and transparency. They have been characterized by 29 Si, 17 O and 13 C MAS-NMR as well as FTIR, SAXS and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). These polydimethylsiloxane/zirconium oxopolymers are hybrids which consist of amorphous zirconium oxo domains of about one to two nanometers in diameter. The mean corrrelation distance between the zirconium–oxo domains decreases from about 6 to 2 nm when the Zr/Si ratio increases. The siloxane species (chains and loops) have an average chain length that decreases from approximatively 15-20 silicon atoms to 3 silicon atoms with increasing zirconium content. The interface between siloxane and zirconium oxo domains is composed primarily of Zr-O-Si(CH 3 ) 2 bonds and hydrogen bonds, their relative proportion being a function of the zirconium content. The curing of these hybrid materials at 140 °C completes consolidation of the hybrid network, without affecting the overall characteristics of the organic-inorganic interface. Curing at 200 °C induces the loss of small silicic species and the increase of cross-linking points in the siloxane regions. For samples with a high zirconium content (Zr/Si=0.9) curing at 200 °C also induces an increase in the number of the Zr-O-Si interface bonds.
PIC: Partitioned Iterative Convergence for Clusters (2012)

Iterative-convergence algorithms are frequently used in a variety of domains to build models from large data sets. Cluster implementations of these algorithms are commonly realized using parallel programming models such as MapReduce. However, these implementations suffer from significant performance bottlenecks, especially due to large volumes of network traffic resulting from intermediate data and model updates during the iterations. To address these challenges, we propose partitioned iterative convergence (PIC), a new approach to programming and executing iterative convergence algorithms on frameworks like MapReduce. In PIC, we execute the iterative-convergence computation in two phases - the best-effort phase, which quickly produces a good initial model and the top-off phase, which further refines this model to produce the final solution. The best-effort phase iteratively performs the following steps: (a) partition the input data and the model to create several smaller, model-building sub-problems, (b) independently solve these sub-problems using iterative convergence computations, and (c) merge solutions of the sub-problems to create the next version of the model. This partitioned, loosely coupled execution of the computation produces a model of good quality, while drastically reducing network traffic due to intermediate data and model updates. The top-off phase further refines this model by employing the original iterative-convergence computation on the entire (un-partitioned) problem until convergence. However, the number of iterations executed in the top-off phase is quite small, resulting in a significant overall improvement in performance. We have implemented a library for PIC on top of the Hadoop MapReduce framework, and evaluated it using five popular iterative-convergence algorithms (Page Rank, K-Means clustering, neural network training, linear equation solver and image smoothing). Our evaluations on clusters ranging from 6 nodes to 256 nodes demonstrate a 2.5X-4X speedup compared to conventional implementations using Hadoop.
Supplementary Methods from Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) Pathway Alterations Are Associated with Histologic Subtypes and Are Predictive of Sensitivity to PI3K Inhibitors in Lung Cancer Preclinical Models (2023)

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Median Nerve Affection in Hypertensive Patients with and without Diabetes High-Resolution Ultrasound Assessment (2022)

Ahmed Esmat,1 Mahmoud I Elshamy,2 Doaa Mohamed Zakaria,3 Zakarya Shady,4 Eman Roshdy Mohamed,3 Nashwa El-Khouly,3 Marwa M Hassan,3 Fatma M El-Senosy3 1Department of Neurology, Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt; 2Department of Radiology, Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptCorrespondence: Zakarya Shady Tel +201001281304Email zakaryashady96@yahoo.comPurpose: Diabetes is a documented risk factor for peripheral neuropathy. It was reported that associated hypertension could increase this risk. The present study aimed to assess the effect of hypertension and diabetes on median nerve using high-resolution ultrasound.Methods: The study includes 50 hypertensive patients (HTN group), 50 diabetic patients (DM group), 50 patients with coexisting diabetes and hypertension (HTN + DM group) and 50 healthy controls. Median nerve affection in the studied groups was studied by vibration perception thresholds (VPT). The median nerve cross-sectional area was determined at the nerve cross-sectional area of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel by high-resolution ultrasound. Clinical symptoms were assessed using Toronto Clinical Severity Score (TCSS).Results: There was significantly higher median nerve CSA in all patient groups in comparison to controls. HTN + DM group had significantly higher median nerve CSA when compared with DM group. Patients with peripheral neuropathy in HTN + DM and DM groups had significantly higher median nerve CSA than patients without. Using ROC curve analysis, it was shown that median CSA could successfully distinguish patients with peripheral neuropathy from patients without in HTN + DM group [AUC (95% CI): 0.71 (0.54– 0.89)] and in DM group [AUC (95% CI): 0.86 (0.72– 0.99)].Conclusion: Hypertensive patients with and without diabetes have significantly higher median nerve CSA when compared with controls.Keywords: hypertension, peripheral neuropathy, high-resolution ultrasound, diabetes mellitus, median nerve
Frequency response of an optical interferometer using photorefractive crystal (1993)

Interferometers using photorefractive crystals are attractive for a number of practical applications by their characteristic of being adaptive to complex wave fronts [1]. Such wave fronts are found in applications such as the detection of the vibration or of the ultrasonic excitation of objects with rough surfaces, which cause light scattering and speckle [2].
Low voltage operation of electro-absorption modulator promising for high-definition 3D imaging application using a three step asymmetric coupled quantum well structure (2015)

In this paper, we propose a transmission type electro-absorption modulator (EAM) operating at 850 nm having low operating voltage and high absorption change with low insertion loss using a novel three step asymmetric coupled quantum well (3 ACQW) structure which can be used as an optical image shutter for high-definition (HD) three dimensional (3D) imaging. Theoretical calculations show that the exciton red shift of 3 ACQW structure is more than two times larger than that of rectangular quantum well (RQW) structure while maintaining high absorption change. The EAM having coupled cavities with 3 ACQW structure shows a wide spectral bandwidth and high amplitude modulation at a bias voltage of only -8V, which is 41% lower in operating voltage than that of RQW, making the proposed EAM highly attractive as an optical image shutter for HD 3D imaging applications.
36 Gb/s Error Free Modulation of 850nm Monolithic Injection Locked VCSEL Arrays (2018)

We report direct modulation of 2×1 proton-implanted index-confined photonic crystal coherently-coupled VCSEL array operating error free at 36 Gb/s. The high-speed modulation is attributed to modulation-bandwidth enhancement.
Threading dislocations annihilation in regrown GaN film on nanoporous GaN template (2009)

Abstract Regrowth of GaN buffer layer on nanoporous GaN at different chamber temperature of 750 °C, 850 °C and 1000 °C are used to study the mechanism behind threading dislocations reduction in the GaN film subsequently overgrown. The growth of a 100 nm GaN buffer layer at 850 °C causes dislocations to bend into the underlying GaN and annihilated at the interface of GaN buffer/nanoporous GaN. Thermal treatment of nanoporous GaN in MOCVD growth chamber at 850 °C in NH 3 and N 2 ambient leads to the pinning of the threading dislocations at its surface edge steps by impurity –vacancy complexes of SiN x . The SiN x are formed by the impinging adatoms of NH 3 which interact with Si dangling bonds at the subgrain boundaries of the nanoporous Si‐doped GaN. When the nanoporous GaN sample undergoes rapid thermal annealing in N 2 ambient, no effective filling of these voids are observed and dislocations density is not substantial reduced. Regrowth of GaN at 850 °C re‐structured the nanoporous GaN, forming a SiN x complex at the voids or pores which pinned dislocation propagation. This explained the mechanism behind dislocation annihilation in regrown GaN on nanoporous GaN template with the use of additional interfacial GaN buffer layer. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Carbonate-catalyzed reverse water-gas shift to produce gas fermentation feedstocks for renewable liquid fuel synthesis (2022)

Carbon-neutral liquid fuel generation is essential for decarbonizing sectors that cannot readily electrify. Recently commercialized acetogenic gas fermentation offers an alternative to conventional biofuels that circumvents efficiency limitations and land requirements, provided the requisite H2/CO feedstocks can be generated efficiently using renewable inputs. CO2 electrolysis is under development for this application but suffers from scalability challenges and impurity sensitivity. We describe an alternative that utilizes dispersed alkali carbonates as reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) catalysts to convert H2 and CO2 to an appropriate ratio of CO/CO2/H2 for acetogenic fermentation. Using a fixed-bed reactor operating at industrially relevant space velocity, we demonstrate equilibrium RWGS conversion starting at 430°C that remains stable over days, even with 50 ppm H2S. The combination of carbonate-catalyzed RWGS, water electrolysis, and gas fermentation could convert electricity to ethanol with nearly 50% energy efficiency (higher heating value), providing a compelling option for renewable liquid fuel production.
Chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics of legumes using canine fecal inoculum (2020)

Legumes are a popular grain-free alternative carbohydrate source in canine diets, however, information on their fermentative characteristics have not been established. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to 1) quantify the chemical compositions and 2) fermentative profile of select legumes using canine fecal inoculum. Five legume varieties, whole yellow peas (<b>WYP</b>), green lentils (<b>GL</b>), black bean grits (<b>BBG</b>), navy bean powder (<b>NBP</b>), and garbanzo beans, were analyzed and compared to a positive control, beet pulp (<b>BP</b>). Substrates were analyzed for gross energy (<b>GE</b>), dry and organic matter, crude protein (<b>CP</b>), acid hydrolyzed fat, and total dietary fiber (<b>TDF</b>) fractions, beta-glucans, starch-free, and hydrolyzed sugars, as well as fermentative characteristics: pH, short-chain fatty acids (<b>SCFA</b>), branched-chain fatty acids (<b>BCFA</b>), total gas, hydrogen, and methane. Substrates then underwent a two-stage in vitro digestion and subsequent fermentation using canine fecal inoculum for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h. All test substrates contained approximately 8% to 9% moisture and 4.5 kcal/g GE. The highest CP content was observed in GL (27%). Analyzed TDF content of test substrates was greatest for WYP (32%) and GL (36%). Total starch content was greatest for GL (58%) and WYP (56%). Sucrose and stachyose were the most predominant free sugars and glucose was the most predominant hydrolyzed sugar among test substrates. After 3 and 6 h of fermentation, a net negative change in pH was observed among most substrates with a net negative change in all substrates after 9 and 12 h. Values for SCFA did not differ among substrates after 3 or 6 h of fermentation with BP and WYP among the greatest acetate (1,656 and 1,765 umol/g, respectively) and propionate production values (157.7 and 126.1, respectively) after 9 h. All substrates produced greater total gas volumes than WYP after 3 h, with no differences observed after any other time points. However, BP hydrogen production values were greater after 9 and 12 h (<i>P</i> < 0.0001; 726,042 and 394,675 ng/g, respectively) with greater methane production values after 12 h (<i>P</i> < 0.0001; 54,291 ng/g) than all test substrates. These data suggest that legumes offer a diverse macronutrient profile and appear to be a source of slowly fermentable fiber, which may have beneficial implications on the ratios of saccharolytic to proteolytic fermentation toward the distal colon.
Free-standing spider silk webs of the thomisid Saccodomus formivorus are made of composites comprising micro- and submicron fibers (2020)

Our understanding of the extraordinary mechanical and physico-chemical properties of spider silk is largely confined to the fibers produced by orb-weaving spiders, despite the diversity of foraging webs that occur across numerous spider families. Crab spiders (Thomisidae) are described as ambush predators that do not build webs, but nevertheless use silk for draglines, egg cases and assembling leaf-nests. A little-known exception is the Australian thomisid Saccodomus formivorus, which constructs a basket-like silk web of extraordinary dimensional stability and structural integrity that facilitates the capture of its ant prey. We examined the physical and chemical properties of this unusual web and revealed that the web threads comprise microfibers that are embedded within a biopolymeric matrix containing additionally longitudinally-oriented submicron fibers. We showed that the micro- and submicron fibers differ in their chemical composition and that the web threads show a remarkable lateral resilience compared with that of the major ampullate silk of a well-investigated orb weaver. Our novel analyses of these unusual web and silk characteristics highlight how investigations of non-model species can broaden our understanding of silks and the evolution of foraging webs.
On schema matching with opaque column names and data values (2003)

Most previous solutions to the schema matching problem rely in some fashion upon identifying "similar" column names in the schemas to be matched, or by recognizing common domains in the data stored in the schemas. While each of these approaches is valuable in many cases, they are not infallible, and there exist instances of the schema matching problem for which they do not even apply. Such problem instances typically arise when the column names in the schemas and the data in the columns are "opaque" or very difficult to interpret. In this paper we propose a two-step technique that works even in the presence of opaque column names and data values. In the first step, we measure the pair-wise attribute correlations in the tables to be matched and construct a dependency graph using mutual information as a measure of the dependency between attributes. In the second stage, we find matching node pairs in the dependency graphs by running a graph matching algorithm. We validate our approach with an experimental study, the results of which suggest that such an approach can be a useful addition to a set of (semi) automatic schema matching techniques.
Nonequilibrium Phenomena in Globally Coupled Phase Oscillators: Noise-Induced Bifurcations, Clustering, and Switching (1997)

The Nonequilibrium phenomena in a class of globally coupled phase oscillators systems with multiplicative noise are studied. It is shown that at the critical value of the noise intensity the systems undergo a phase transition and converge to clustered states. We also show that the time delay in the interaction between oscillators gives rise to the switching phenomena of clusters. These phenomena are noise-induced effects which cannot be seen in the deterministic systems or in the simple additive noise models.
Time-recursive architectures and wavelet transform (1993)

The time-recursive computation has been proved as a particularly useful tool in real-time data compression and in transform domain adaptive filtering, with applications in the areas of audio, radio, sonar, and video. An architectural framework for parallel time-recursive computation is proposed. The authors consider a class of linear operators that consists of the discrete time, time invariant, compactly supported, but otherwise arbitrary kernel functions. They define a shift property of the linear operators and reveal its relation with the time-recursive implementation. The potential of the proposed framework is demonstrated by designing a time-recursive architecture for the discrete wavelet transform.< <ETX>&gt;</ETX>
1H, 13C and 15N NMR coordination shifts in gold(III), cobalt(III), rhodium(III) chloride complexes with pyridine, 2,2′‐bipyridine and 1,10‐phenanthroline (2006)

Au(III), Co(III) and Rh(III) chloride complexes with pyridine (py), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) of the general formulae [M1LCl3], trans-[M2L4Cl2]+, mer-[M2L3Cl3], [M1(LL)Cl2]+, cis-[M2(LL)2Cl2]+, where M1=Au; M2=Co, Rh; L=py; LL=bpy, phen, were studied by 1H--13C HMBC and 1H--15N HMQC/HSQC. The 1H, 13C and 15N coordination shifts (the latter from ca-78 to ca-107 ppm) are discussed in relation to the type of metal, electron configuration, coordination sphere geometry and the type of ligand. The 13C and 15N chemical shifts were also calculated by quantum-chemical NMR methods, which reproduced well the experimental tendencies concerning the coordination sphere geometry and the ligand type.
Vertical distribution of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond formed by ion implantation and annealing (2009)

Etching experiments were performed that reveal the vertical distribution of optically active nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond created in close proximity to a surface through ion implantation and annealing. The NV distribution depends strongly on the native nitrogen concentration, and spectral measurements of the neutral and negatively charged NV peaks give evidence for electron depletion effects in lower-nitrogen material. The results are important for potential quantum information and magnetometer devices where NV centers must be created in close proximity to a surface for coupling to optical structures.
Sensors for brain-computer interfaces (2006)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) hold the promise to restore mobility and independence to persons with paralysis. In spinal cord injury, brainstem stroke, and a host of neuromuscular disorders, the intact brain is "disconnected" from its intact target (such as a limb or the facial musculature), preventing mobility and - in locked-in syndrome and severe amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - precluding even meaningful verbal communication. If it becomes possible to discern the movement intention of someone with paralysis - reliably, safely, and in real time - it would then be possible to provide not only a robust new method of communication but eventually the ability to gain control over a prosthetic limb or, by connecting to additional technologies, one's own limbs. In this review, we survey several methods for revealing neural activity in the human brain and their potential for re-enabling mobility in persons with severe paralysis
Flow Rate-Dependent Skin in Water Disposal Injection Well (2016)

Reinjection is one of the most important methods to dispose fluid associated with oil and natural gas production. Disposed fluids include produced water, hydraulic fracture flow back fluids, and drilling mud fluids. Several formation damage mechanisms are associated with the injection including damage due to filter cake formed at the formation face, bacteria activity, fluid incompatibility, free gas content, and clay activation. Fractured injection is typically preferred over matrix injection because a hydraulic fracture will enhance the well injectivity and extend the well life. In a given formation, the fracture dimensions change with different injection flow rates due to the change in injection pressures. Also, for a given flow rate, the skin factor varies with time due to the fracture propagation. In this study, well test and injection history data of a class II disposal well in south Texas were used to develop an equation that correlates the skin factor to the injection flow rate and injection time. The results show that the skin factor decreases with time logarithmically as the fracture propagates. At higher injection flow rates, the skin factor achieved is lower due to the larger fracture dimensions that are developed at higher injection flow rates. The equations developed in this study can be applied for any water injector after calibrating the required coefficients using injection step rate test (SRT) data.