gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of IL-6 Variants in Multiple Myeloma: Growth Inhibition and Induction of Apoptosis in Primary Cells (2002)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a pathogenetic role in B-cell malignancies and is a growth factor for multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Elevated serum IL-6 levels and a higher proliferative activity of bone marrow plasma cells are poor prognostic factors in MM patients. In addition to clinical trials with anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies, an alternative therapeutic approach based on the use of IL-6 receptor (R) super-antagonists (Sants) has been proposed. Sants are variants of the native cytokine characterized by a wild type affinity for the ligand-specific receptor chain IL-6R alpha and by a reduced ability to bind and/or dimerize the signaling chain gp-130. We report the in vitro effects of four different Sants on cell kinetic modulation and induction of apoptosis of primary cells from MM patients. Ten MM samples were cultured in the presence of four different Sants and heterogeneous effects in terms of reduction of proliferation and induction of apoptosis could be observed. A decrease of the S phase cells (> or = 25%) coupled with the induction of apoptosis was obtained in 4/10 samples: three of these samples had a diploid DNA stem line and an inferior initial percentage of S phase cells. Serum IL-6 concentrations did not correlate with the anti-proliferative activities of the Sants. Cell growth inhibition was observed especially in samples with soluble IL-6R serum concentrations > 200 ng/ml. We conclude that Sants can exert antiproliferative effects on selected MM samples. Such effects may depend on the availability of large amounts of soluble IL-6R. Further studies should aim at defining the conditions necessary for optimal antiproliferative activity.
Short Communication Expression of Cytokeratins 17 and 5 Identifies a Group of Breast Carcinomas with Poor Clinical Outcome (2002)

From the Departments of Pathology,* Health Research and Policy, Statistics, Genetics, Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute,*** Stanford University, Stanford, California; the Departments of Genetics and Pathology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Cancer Genetics Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Diomeda Life Sciences Inc., Rockville, Maryland; the Department of Surgery,** University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; UniversitatsFrauenklinik, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Kreiskrankenhaus, Lorrach, Germany; Frauenklinik, Rheinfelden, Germany; Applied Genomics, Inc., Huntsville, Alabama and Sunnyvale, California
ChemInform Abstract: The Weiss Reaction. Part 16. Weiss′s endo‐ and exo‐Tetracyclo(5.5.1.0. 2,6.O10,13)tridecane‐4,8,12‐trione: Analysis of 1H NMR Couplings in a System of Fused 5‐Membered Rings. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Genetic engineering of cytokine system on the tuberculosis research]. (1991)

Murine IL-5 is an acidic glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 40 to 50 kda that consists of homodimer of which monomer comprises 113 amino acid residues. Murine IL-5 has pleiotropic activities on various target cells. IL-5 acts on committed B cells to induce differentiation into Ig-producing cells and on common progenitors for Ly-1+ pre-B cells and Ly-1+ macrophages to support their growth. It also supports growth and/or differentiation of eosinophil precursor and mature eosinophil. IL-5 specifically binds to its receptor (IL-5R) with high and low affinity. IL-5 signals appears to be transduced through the high affinity IL-5R that is composed of two different polypeptide chains; alpha chain and beta chain. The IL-5R alpha chain cDNA encodes p60 that binds IL-5 with low affinity. The IL-5R beta chain, p130/p140 does not bind IL-5 by itself, but binds to alpha chain/IL-5 complex to convert them to the high affinity IL-5R. The beta chain was identified as the IL-3R homologue, AIC2B. Both alpha and beta chain of IL-5R belong to a cytokine receptor superfamily.
Time-resolved infrared studies of triplet 1,3-cyclopentanediyl (2000)

Triplet-sensitized photolysis of 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (1) in argon- or oxygen- saturated acetonitrile-d3 solutions results in the formation of bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane (3), a ring closure product arising from an intermediate 1,3-cyclopentanediyl triplet biradical (2). Time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy was used to monitor the kinetics of bicyclopentane 3 production. This analysis provides a measurement of the triplet biradical lifetime and an estimate of the bimolecular reaction rate between biradical 2 and oxygen, both in good agreement with previous investigations. Our studies also indicate that certain IR bands due to 3 in the C–H stretching region overlap with corresponding bands in biradical 2. This interpretation is supported by computational investigations.Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiplex Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection by Combinatorial Fluorescence Energy Transfer Tags and Molecular Affinity (2006)

Combinatorial fluorescence energy transfer (CFET) tags, constructed by exploiting fluorescence energy transfer and combinatorial synthesis to generate a large number of unique fluorescence emission signatures from a limited number of fluorophores, allow multiple biological targets to be identified simultaneously. All of the CFET tags can be excited by a single wavelength of 488 nm and analyzed by a simple optical system. In genetic analysis, the CFET tags are coupled with solid phase capture for multiplex single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection. The design, synthesis, purification of CFET tags, and the methods to use the CFET tags and molecular affinity for SNP detection in the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene are described.
N,N'-Bis(2-tosylaminobenzylidene)-1,3-propanediamine (1999)

The conformation of the title molecule, C31H32N4O4S2, in the solid state is strongly influenced by intramolecular hydrogen-bond interactions (N-H⋯N), which probably minimize the steric hindrance of the tosyl groups. The molecule is not planar and with long distances between aminic N atoms [7.724 (3) A], a major change in conformation will be required for it to act as a tetradentate ligand via its four N atoms.
Aerogel for Aerospace Applications (2012)

Aerogels are the lightest insulation materials known today with a thermal conductivity in the range of 0.001- 0.03 W/K. The first patent concerning silica aerogel dates back to the 1932, but the first aerospace application was realized many years after, in 2003, when aerogels were selected as thermal insulation to realize the box containing the lithium batteries for the rover in the NASA Mars mission. Afterwards, silica aerogel was successfully used in the Stardust spacecraft to trap cosmic particles from the comet tail. Next challenge is making silica suitable for structures. In fact, the real limitation of using aerogel for advanced aerospace applications is in their mechanical properties and manufacturing, that are not so exceptional as the thermal ones. For this reason, a great number of current studies on silica aerogel is concerned with the improvement of the mechanical properties. This paper is a review on recent developments of aerogels and their properties for current and future application in aerospace field. Keywords: Aerogel, thermal insulation, thermal conductivity mechanical properties, meso-porous structures, fiber-reinforced silica aerogel composite, low density, optical properties, gel process, polymeric-reinforced silica aerogel, space missions, space applications, extra-vehicular activity, Martian base, flexible blankets
Blind equalization of time-varying channels: a deterministic multichannel approach (2002)

Blind equalization of rapidly changing multipath channels is important for mobile communications, and is addressed by expanding the time-varying channel over a basis. Time-variation offers diversity and in contrast to time-invariant channels, blind equalization of time-varying channels becomes possible under mild conditions provided that the expansion components can be separated. Multichannel data are needed for the challenging non-separable case where it is shown that unique vector FIR equalizers exist under certain channel co-primeness conditions. Apart from persistence of excitation, no extra restriction is imposed on the input. Order selection methods and blind equalizers are derived directly from the output data. Preliminary simulations are also presented.
A rebuttal: epidemic and endemic meningococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa can be prevented now by routine immunization with group A meningococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine (2000)

From the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (JBR, RS), and The Rockefeller University, New York, NY (ECG). Accepted for publication July 21, 2000. Address for reprints: John B. Robbins, M.D., National Institutes of Health, Building 6, Room 424, Bethesda, MD 20892. E-mail [email protected] The authors have no financial conflict of interest in espousing the routine use of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines.
IMPROVEMENT IN NON-DESTRUCTIVE READOUT RELIABILITY OF FERAM WITH ASYMMETRICAL PROGRAMMING (2006)

ABSTRACT A nondestructive readout (NDRO) scheme without polarization reversal in a ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) is proposed as a solution for extending the number of readout cycles. However, the readout signal in an NDRO FeRAM is so small that the NDRO operation is sensitive to deformation of the P−V hysteresis loop, which is a manifestation of imprint phenomena. In order to minimize the imprint effect in the NDRO FeRAM, we introduced an asymmetrical polarization programming scheme. Using this scheme, we can expect an extended number of readout cycles more than 1016 regardless of the imprint phenomena in ferroelectric capacitors.
A Preferred Target DNA Structure for Retroviral Integrasein Vitro (1998)

The retroviral integrase protein catalyzes the insertion of linear viral DNA ends into the host cell DNA. Although integration in vivo is not site-specific, the detection of local and regional preferences within cellular DNA suggests that the integration reaction can be influenced by specific features of host DNA or chromatin. Here we describe highly preferred in vitro integration sites for avian sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus-1 integrases within the stems of plasmid DNA cruciform structures. The preferred sites are adjacent to the loops in the cruciform and are strand-specific. We suggest that the observed preference is due to the end-like character of the stem loop structure that allows DNA unpairing. From these results we propose that such unpairing may enhance both the processing and the joining steps in the integration reaction, and perhaps other cellular recombination reactions as well.
Analytics for Noisy Unstructured Text Data II (2009)

The importance of text mining applications is growing proportionally with the exponential growth of electronic text. Along with the growth of internet many other sources of electronic text have become really popular. With increasing penetration of internet, many forms of communication and interaction such as email, chat, newsgroups, blogs, discussion groups, scraps etc. have become increasingly popular. These generate huge amount of noisy text data everyday. Apart from these the other big contributors in the pool of electronic text documents are call centres and customer relationship management organizations in the form of call logs, call transcriptions, problem tickets, complaint emails etc., electronic text generated by Optical Character Recognition (OCR) process from hand written and printed documents and mobile text such as Short Message Service (SMS). Though the nature of each of these documents is different but there is a common thread between all of these—presence of noise. An example of information extraction is the extraction of instances of corporate mergers, more formally MergerBetween(company1,company2,date), from an online news sentence such as: “Yesterday, New-York based Foo Inc. announced their acquisition of Bar Corp.” Opinion(product1,good), from a blog post such as: “I absolutely liked the texture of SheetK quilts.” At superficial level, there are two ways for information extraction from noisy text. The first one is cleaning text by removing noise and then applying existing state of the art techniques for information extraction. There in lies the importance of techniques for automatically correcting noisy text. In this chapter, first we will review some work in the area of noisy text correction. The second approach is to devise extraction techniques which are robust with respect to noise. Later in this chapter, we will see how the task of information extraction is affected by noise.
Randomised clinical trial: improvement in health outcomes with certolizumab pegol in patients with active Crohn’s disease with prior loss of response to infliximab (2011)

Certolizumab pegol therapy results in meaningful improvements in work productivity, daily activities and HRQoL in patients with active CD who previously responded to but either lost response or could not tolerate infliximab (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00308581).
Relationship Between Renal Function and Metabolic Alterations in Early Streptozocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats (1987)

To investigate the temporal relationship of diabetes-induced renal growth and its associated metabolic alterations to the early development of renal hyperfunction, parallel functional and metabolic studies were performed shortly after the onset of diabetes in rats. Hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia were evident 18 h after streptozocin injection, and significant hyperglucagonemia and acidosis were present at 36-48 h. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), expressed per unit of body weight, first increased at 3 days of diabetes [1.35 +/- 0.07 (SE) (N = 14)] and was 18% greater than in controls [1.14 +/- 0.03 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1 (SE) (N = 38)] (P less than .005). Renal enlargement preceded GFR changes, so that GFR per unit of kidney weight was lower at 48 h in diabetics [1.31 +/- 0.06 (SE) (N = 16)] than in controls [1.54 +/- 0.04 ml X min-1 X g-1 (SE) (N = 38)] (P less than .01). Nucleotide and RNA metabolism was studied in the renal cortex after infusion of radio-labeled orotate or adenine. Rate of RNA synthesis, total cellular RNA, and the pools of ATP, UTP, and uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetyl glucosamine were significantly increased 13-51% in 48-h diabetics. Nucleotide precursor incorporation was significantly increased only in uracil ribonucleotides. The increase in uracil ribonucleotide pool exceeded the degree of cell hypertrophy. Our studies indicate that renal hypertrophy and specific increases in uracil ribonucleotide synthesis precede functional changes in early diabetes. Renal metabolic changes may be the critical primary factors in diabetic nephropathy.
Position-Based CMOS Charge Qubits for Scalable Quantum Processors at 4K (2020)

We describe a quantum computing hardware paradigm that exploits the current scaling achievements of mainstream CMOS technology. Just like in a small IC chip, where a single nanometer-sized CMOS transistor can be reliably replicated millions of times to build a digital processor, we propose a new structure of a qubit realized as a CMOS-compatible charge-based quantum dot that can be reliably replicated thousands (or perhaps even millions) of times to construct a quantum processor. Combined with an on-chip CMOS controller, it will realize a useful quantum computer (QC) that can operate at 4 K, which is much higher than the temperature of today's QCs of 15 mK.
A New Approach to the Analysis and Design of Microwave Feedback Oscillators (1989)

The direct use of the harmonic balance algorithm in oscillator design encounters several difficulties due to the oscillator being an autonomous system that determines its own frequency, power and harmonic content. The approach presented here analyzes an open loop version. of the oscillator network and follows the "natural" build up of oscillations at the desired frequency to reach the steady state. The method is fast, applying a harmonic balance analysis to a single port, and there is no need for accurate initial conditions guess and no serious convergence or stability problems in the solution process. Measurements performed on an oscillator designed by this method show good agreement between predicted and experimental results.
Differential effects of growth factor antagonists on neoplastic and normal prostatic cells (1990)

Growth factors such as epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor have been suggested to be involved as paracrine or autocrine mediators of androgen action in normal and malignant prostatic cells. Suramin and protamine are potent in vitro growth factor antagonists. To evaluate the effect of growth factor antagonists on prostatic growth, suramin and protamine were administered to castrated rats simultaneously receiving exogenous testosterone replacement in an attempt to block androgen-dependent restoration of the normal rat ventral prostate. Using this prostatic restoration model, there was no statistical difference in the prostate wet weight or total DNA content attained between rats given testosterone alone and those given testosterone in combination with either suramin or protamine. In intact rats, suramin administration caused an 80% reduction in serum testosterone; concomitantly, these rats had a 40% reduction in mean prostate weight. This decrease in size could be blocked with androgen supplementation. To examine the effects of growth factor antagonists on neoplastic prostatic cell growth, rats bearing the androgen-independent AT-2 subline of the Dunning R-3327 tumor were treated with either suramin or protamine. The same dosing regimen found to be ineffective in blocking the restoration of the involuted prostate of castrated rats resulted in a significant reduction in the growth rate of AT-2 tumors. These results suggest that the growth factor antagonists suramin and protamine given in vivo have a differential ability to slow the growth of malignant vs. normal prostatic cells.
Supercritical Methanol Solvolysis and Catalysis for the Conversion of Delignified Woody Biomass into Light Alcohol Gasoline Bioblendstock (2022)

Abstract Supercritical methanol (SCM) solvolysis and catalysis has recently emerged as a promising pathway to produce gasoline‐range light alcohols from woody biomass through staged depolymerization and hydro‐deoxygenation (DHDO). Here, structure–property relationships of Cu“M”AlO x catalysts (M = Mg, Zr, and Ce) are examined for upgrading delignified hybrid poplar via SCM‐DHDO. CuCeAlO x displays the highest activity, increasing the C 2 C 7 alcohol production rate and selectivity by twofold in batch reactions, and &gt; 50% in semicontinuous reactions relative to the current state‐of‐the‐art CuMgAlO x . The performance of CuCeAlO x is correlated with its high reducibility and acidity. Cu sintering and biogenic impurity poisoning are identified as possible deactivation mechanisms over 60 h of continuous testing. The gasoline‐range SCM‐DHDO products are comprised of primarily aliphatic alcohols that result in improved energy density and favorably reduced vapor pressure, relative to ethanol, with the tradeoff of nonsynergistic octane blending with conventional gasoline and lower oxidation stability. Overall, this work highlights the potential to produce suitable light oxygenates by SCM‐DHDO processing for gasoline bioblendstock applications.
A Simple Titania Thick Film Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor (1984)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A simple resistance-based exhaust gas sensor has been developed for use in closed loop engine control systems. The active element is a highly porous thick film of low impurity content titania. These sensors provide good air-fuel ratio control near the stoichiometric value in feedback operation for a fixed series resistance over a wide exhaust gas temperature range. Electrical heating or temperature compensation are not needed over the full operating range. Sensor transient response in closed loop operation is faster than that of an electrically heated zirconia sensor. Two types of titania thick film sensors maintained air-fuel ratio near stoichiometry over 80 000 km (50 000 mi) simulated durability exposure.&lt;/div&gt;
Table S1, Figs. S1-3 from Identifying Recurrent Malignant Glioma after Treatment Using Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted MR Imaging: A Validation Study with Image-Guided Stereotactic Biopsy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1 lists the correlation coefficients of APTw intensity and pathologic indices. Fig. S1 shows quantitative analysis and diagnostic ability of rCBV. Fig. S2 shows anatomical and APTw MR images for a patient with treatment effect and a patient with recurrent tumor. Fig. S3 shows comparison between tumor volumes for three patients with treatment effects and 18 patients with recurrent tumor. Supplementary Results: Regression Analysis between APTw and Pathologic Indices&lt;/p&gt;
MIMO Cloud Transmission Based on BICM-ID for High Data Rate Local Contents Delivery (2015)

A novel cloud transmission (CTxn) technique is proposed based on the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), called MIMO CTxn. Even though conventional single-input single-output (SISO) CTxn is operated at a negative signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio (SINR), where interference power is the same as the desired signal power, a critical drawback of SISO CTxn is that the maximum achievable spectral efficiency is less than 1 bit/s/Hz. Applying a MIMO technique to the conventional SISO CTxn provides a very efficient way to support high-date-rate service for delivering local contents, even at a negative SINR. Simulation results show that MIMO CTxn outperforms SISO CTxn while supporting high-order modulation and a high code rate. For instance, 16-QAM code rate 1/3 MIMO CTxn outperforms 4-QAM code rate 1/3 SISO CTxn from the SINR point of view. Further, the performance of MIMO CTxn is invariant with respect to the power imbalance and the difference between the received signal strengths. This makes the coverage planning much easy because all the other regions operate well without any loss of data rate if the coverage is planned with respect to the worst case.
Mask Versus Nasal Tube for Stabilization of Preterm Infants at Birth: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2013)

In infants at <30 weeks' gestation receiving PPV in the DR, there were no differences in short-term outcomes using the nasal tube compared with the face mask.