gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of the 5-benzo[d]naphtho[2,3-b]pyran system during an attempted benzophenanthridine synthesis (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of the 5-benzo[d]naphtho[2,3-b]pyran system during an attempted benzophenanthridine synthesisMark Cushman and Dinesh K. DikshitCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 25, 5064–5067Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01313a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01313a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EFFECTS INDUCED IN NEUTROPHILS BY A PRECURSOR OF TRIPLET ACETONE (1990)

The addition of a precursor of the enol form of isobutanal to neutrophils results in formation of triplet acetone, as attested to by emission from appropriate acceptors and cell damage (Nascimento et al., 1986 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 888, 337-342). The present study confirms the formation of triplet acetone by detection of the direct emission (lambda max 430 nm) and differentiates between effects produced by triplet acetone and by the enol substrate itself. Thus, triplet acetone: (1) enhances the release of ribonucleic acid; (2) promotes lipid peroxidation (N3(-)-inhibitable formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive products and concomitant light emission peaking at 480-500 nm); (3) increases myeloperoxidase activity, presumable as a result of damage and consequent increased exposure of the enzyme. On the other hand, the enol greatly enhances the release of protein(s) into the medium. These results confirm the utility of the neutrophil as a model system for the study of chemiexcitation processes induced at the cellular level. They also provide the first demonstration that an excited species formed at the cellular level may induce release of nucleic acids, thus reflecting the occurrence of deleterious processes in situ.
[Ophtalmology]. (2014)

2013 has been the year of publications of large multicentric studies defining the modalities of different anti-VEGF and corticoid implants for the treatment of retinal diseases. The real innovation has been the growing use of iPS cells in the field of ophthalmology opening new hopes for the treatment of incurable blinding diseases.
Evaluation of computer‐assisted jaw reconstruction with free vascularized fibular flap compared to conventional surgery: a clinical pilot study (2011)

Abstract Background The introduction of computer‐assisted surgery was a milestone in functional reconstructions of facial skeletal defects. Patients and methods We compared five computer‐assisted and five conventional reconstructions with fibular grafts in the course of a pilot study. A rapid prototyping guide translated the computer‐assisted surgery plan into intraoperative utilizable models. We intraoperatively measured the time needed for shaping the graft to the recipient site and the ischaemic time. Furthermore, the size of donor site defect compared to the required transplant length was evaluated. Results Shaping procedure and ischaemic time turned out significantly shorter when compared to conventional surgery without cutting guide ( p = 0.014). Using surgical guides, there was no change between the defect size of the fibula and the necessary transplant size. In conventional surgery, a mean change of 1.92 cm occurred ( p = 0.001). Conclusion The surgical guide significantly reduced shaping time and consequently ischaemic time. These factors can influence flap survival. The fibular donor site defect was downsized. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
The env Protein of an Infectious Noncytopathic HIV-2 Is Deficient in Syncytium Formation (1990)

A recent isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) designated HIV-2ST is deficient in its ability to cause the typical cytopathic effects of HIV infection. The pathogenic potential of HIV-2 in inducing human disease may be less than that of HIV-1, and it is of particular interest to establish the basis for the reduced cytopathogenicity of this isolate in vitro. Utilizing recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVV) carrying the envelope genes (env) of HIV-2ST or those of fully cytopathic HIV-1 or HIV-2 isolates, we have investigated envelope glycoprotein expression, processing, transport, and biological function. Radioimmunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (RIP-PAGE) of rVV-infected cell lysates indicated that the proteins expressed by each recombinant were synthesized, processed, and recognized by specific antisera. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the recombinant env gene products of HIV-2ST and HIV-2ROD reach the cell surface and are retained there in similar amounts. Whereas cells expressing the HIV-1 or HIV-2ROD env gene products were found to undergo fusion with uninfected CD4+ cells, no syncytium formation was observed with three CD4+ cell lines exposed to the cells expressing the envelope glycoproteins of HIV-2ST on their surfaces; one CD4+ lymphoid cell line (SupT1) exhibited few very small syncytia in the presence of recombinant HIV-2ST envelope glycoproteins. The failure of the HIV-2ST envelope glycoprotein to induce cell fusion was not the result of an inhibition by cell-associated CD4, since fusion was also not observed when rVVST-infected CD4- cells were cocultured with CD4+ cells. Thus, the HIV-2ST envelope protein itself is defective in its ability to induce cell fusion. Furthermore, the expression, processing, transport, and surface stability of env products of HIV-2ST are unlikely to be responsible for its attenuation, suggesting that the molecular interactions between its env products and target cell membranes are significantly altered.
Noise suppression by a novel probe beam polarization modulation in electro-optic sampling (1991)

A new scheme of noise suppression in electro-optic sampling system by the probe beam polarization modulation is proposed, its operation principle is analyzed, and the performance is demonstrated experimentally. The method has the advantages that narrow-band detection can be used instead of modulating the device under test with doubled sensitivity compared with conventional methods.
New Mission, New Reviews, New Word Counts, Oh My! (2022)

It is hard to imagine, but Neurology ® Genetics has now been in publication for 7 years and has established itself as a premier journal for clinical neurogenetics. Given this success, the editors have reevaluated the mission and goals of the journal and decided that it is time to expand the scope of articles considered for publication. Although most of the articles will still deal with rare and common genetic variation, genotype-phenotype correlations, outlier phenotypes as a result of mutations in known disease genes, and genetic variants with a putative link to diseases, we will broaden the scope.
Towards dynamic polarization control with optical metasurfaces (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Optical polarization is an important characteristic of electromagnetic waves that has a significant impact on number of applications, such as information delivery, 3D imaging, and quantum computation. Metasurfaces, sort of artificially designed planar structure, have attracted immense attention due to their ability to control the amplitude and phase of electromagnetic waves at a subwavelength scale. Metasurfaces hold promise for the fields of nonlinear dynamics, light beam shaping, quantum computation, etc. Beside these promising applications, metasurfaces can also be used for versatile polarization generation in a compact device dimension. Therefore, metasurfaces can be used for creation of flat optical devices with novel functionalities. In this talk, I will discuss how we can generate versatile polarization states by using metasurfaces. Firstly, I will describe geometric phase metasurfaces, which can be used for passive polarization control. We demonstrate six metasurface chips integrated on a single sample, in which each chip is responsible for generating one specific polarization state thus generating versatile polarization sates. Subsequently, I will discuss a scheme of active polarization modulation by using indium tin oxide (ITO)-based tunable metasurfaces. By suitably biasing the metasurface, the linearly-polarized incident light can be actively converted to a cross-polarized, circularly-polarized or elliptically-polarized light.
Molecular Targets for Epigenetic Therapy of Cancer (2009)

Recent advances in cancer research showed that changes of the cell "epigenome" contribute significantly to the development and progression of cancer. Similar to genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications can be transmitted to the next generation and used to turn off and/or on certain genes or pathways that may confer survival benefit to a malignant cell. However, epigenetic changes are readily reversible raising the possibility of "epigenetic therapy". A potential problem in this therapeutic approach is the lack of specificity, as epigenetic modifications are used by both normal and cancer cells to regulate expression of various genes. Ongoing studies to identify genes that are differentially expressed in cancer cells vs. normal cells are providing valuable information about molecular targets for epigenetic therapy. The present article will focus on summarizing some of these studies and will discuss the differences between conventional chemotherapy and epigenetic therapy utilizing epigenetic drugs like DNA methyltransferase inhibitors or histone deacetylase inhibitors. Current perspectives on the future of epigenetic therapy are also discussed.
Solvent Refractive Index and Core Charge Influences on the Surface Plasmon Absorbance of Alkanethiolate Monolayer-Protected Gold Clusters (1999)

This report describes the effect of solvent refractive index and core charge on the surface plasmon absorbance of alkanethiolate monolayer-protected gold clusters (MPCs). Solution spectra of dodecanethiolate MPCs (5.2 nm average diameter) reveal an 8-nm shift in plasmon band position as the solvent refractive index is varied from nd20 = 1.33 to 1.55. The spectral shift agrees with predictions of Mie theory when the alkanethiolate monolayer is accounted for in the calculations. Electronic charging of the MPC gold core by electrolysis, from its rest potential (−0.16 V) to +0.82 V vs a Ag quasi-reference electrode, causes a 9-nm (516 to 525 nm) shift in the surface plasmon band position. The shift in surface plasmon band position with core charge is compared to the predictions of the concentric sphere model for MPC capacitance and Mie theory, as a first step toward probing effects of quantized core charging on this important optical property.
Pushing Multiple Patterning in Sub-10nm: Are We Ready? (Invited Paper) (2015)

Due to elongated delay of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), the semiconductor industry has been pushing the 193nm immersion lithopgrahy using multiple patterning to print critical features in 22nm/14nm technology nodes and beyond. Multiple patterning lithography (MPL) poses many new challenges to both mask design and IC physical design. The mask layout decomposition problem has been extensively studied, rst on double patterning, then on triple or even quadruple patterning. Meanwhile, many studies have shown that it is very important to consider MPL implications at early physical design stages so that the overall design and manufacturing closure can be reached. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview on the state-of-the-art research results for MPL, from synergistic mask synthesis to physical design. We will also discuss the open problems as to pushing multiple patterning in sub-10nm.
A 2.4 GHz CMOS Doherty power amplifier with dynamic biasing scheme (2012)

A watt-level, fully integrated 1:1 Doherty power amplifier with dynamic biasing scheme is demonstrated in 65 nm CMOS. The newly implemented dynamic biasing scheme for sub-PA solves the gain-linearity trade-off of the Doherty PA with enough back-off efficiency improvement, and protects the gate oxide of the sub-PA from over-voltage stress as well. The PA delivers 30.4 dBm of peak output power with maximum 6 points of PAE improvement compared with a class-B PA, and satisfies IEEE 802.11b and 11g spectrum masks at output power levels of 24.3 and 23.2 dBm, respectively, from supply voltage of 3.3 V.
Influence of a Varying Vertical Velocity Profile on Turbine Efficiency for a Vertical Axis Marine Current Turbine (2009)

Water currents in e.g. unregulated rivers and tides are a considerable renewable energy resource. The technology needed to harness the energy in these streams has not yet matured, but research and development are ongoing. In the present paper the power coefficient of marine current turbines using vertical axis turbines is considered. When the width and height of the turbine are kept constant, the Cp-λ curve will depend mainly on the solidity. However, since all natural channels have vertical velocity variations due to friction against the sea floor, this will also affect the efficiency. The double multiple streamtube model was used to study the power coefficient as a function of solidity and vertical shear profile. Three turbine cases were studied: one turbine vertically aligned, and two horizontally aligned turbines rotating with opposite direction. The results show that the difference depends both on how much the velocity varies over the velocity profile, and on the shape of the velocity profile, where a linear profile causes a lower Cp compared to a logarithmic profile. The difference was especially prominent at low tip speed ratios for the horizontally aligned turbines with different rotational direction.
Leukocyte Telomere Length and Cardiovascular Disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study (2006)

The telomere length of replicating somatic cells is inversely correlated with age and has been reported to be associated cross-sectionally with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Leukocyte telomere length, as expressed by mean terminal restriction fragment (TRF) length, was measured in 419 randomly selected participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study, comprising a community-dwelling cohort recruited in four US communities. The authors investigated associations between TRF length and selected measures of subclinical CVD/risk factors for CVD (data were collected at the 1992/1993 clinic visit) and incident CVD (ascertained through June 2002). In these participants (average age = 74.2 years (standard deviation, 5.2)), mean TRF length was 6.3 kilobase pairs (standard deviation, 0.62). Significant or borderline inverse associations were found between TRF length and diabetes, glucose, insulin, diastolic blood pressure, carotid intima-media thickness, and interleukin-6. Associations with body size and C-reactive protein were modified by gender and age, occurring only in men and in participants aged 73 years or younger. In younger (but not older) participants, each shortened kilobase pair of TRF corresponded with a threefold increased risk of myocardial infarction (hazard ratio = 3.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.22, 7.73) and stroke (hazard ratio = 3.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.29, 8.02). These results support the hypotheses that telomere attrition may be related to diseases of aging through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and progression to CVD.
Contingent Valuation of Recreational Diving at Petroleum Rigs, Gulf of Mexico (1985)

The contingent valuation method was used to estimate the economic value of sport diving around the many petroleum structures located off Louisianaˈs coast. The average diver derived economic surplus in the amount of $163 (95% confidence interval, $136-$190) annually from this activity. Variation of the mean bid was not statistically affected by interview techniques, purpose of trips, years of diving experience, distance traveled over land and sea, investment in equipment, or average trip costs. The number of trips was the only variable that had a significant effect on the mean bid; however, the number of diving trips depended on income, overland distance to port, and trip cost. The trip cost variable, though significant, was positively signed. A finding of a significant positive relationship between trip cost and number of trips indicates the merit of using the direct estimation technique of contingent valuation. Received June 13, 1983 Accepted November 12, 1984
Thermal conductivity/diffusivity of Nd3+ doped GdVO4, YVO4, LuVO4, and Y3Al5O12 by temperature wave analysis (2008)

Thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of single crystals of Nd3+ doped GdVO4, YVO4, LuVO4, and Y3Al5O12 are precisely measured over a wide range of doping concentration from 0.5to15at.% by temperature wave analysis. Thermal diffusivity serves as the most sensitive parameter to detect the effect of doping on thermal properties, where Nd3+ doped GdVO4 exhibits a decrease in thermal diffusivity (it has changed about 20% in their values in the c axis) but an increase in heat capacity (only 1.7%). It has long been understood that the thermal conductivity of YVO4 is inferior to that of Y3Al5O12; however, the thermal conductivity of YVO4 in the c axis shows the highest value in all four crystals compared at 1at.% of Nd3+ doping concentration. Thermal conductivity exhibits a decrease (∝ε−1∕2, ε: mass variance) with an increase of doping concentration, that is characteristic of Klemens’ point defect model for the phonon scattering. In the numerical fitting, the anisotropic decrease of thermal conductivity in different crystal axes, [100], [001], and [110], is reflected as the different phonon velocities. The simulated and the experimental thermal conductivity show the various decreasing curvatures indicating that the effect of mass difference of the host and the doping cations serves as an important factor, as with the crystallographic anisotropy, on the thermal conductivity of the doped single crystals.
Distinct T cell specificities are induced with the authentic versus recombinant Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein (1992)

Plasmodium berghei sporozoite (SPZ)-immune lymph node (LN) cells obtained from mice of different H-2 haplotypes were analyzed for the presence of circumsporozoite (CS) protein-reactive T cells in proliferative assays. Although lymphocytes from each strain responded in vitro to the priming Ag and to the soluble rCS protein, they did not respond to CS protein synthetic peptides. Parallel analysis of rCS protein-primed LN cells revealed that the two Ag are unequal in generating T cell specificities: although SPZ priming did not induce CS protein peptide-reactive T cells, priming with rCS protein did. Not being privy to the processing and presentation of SPZ Ag, we postulated that a different order of processing of the authentic, i.e., SPZ-associated CS protein vs soluble rCS protein might be responsible for the generation of different T cell specificities. Accordingly, authentic CS protein might not be processed by APC, or the processed fragments might obscure the recognition of smaller peptide fragments. Therefore, we subjected the SPZ to three cycles of a freeze/thaw procedure and used the denatured SPZ preparation for priming. We observed that contrary to priming with the authentic SPZ, denatured SPZ generated T cells reactive to some of the CS protein synthetic peptides. The hypothesis that each form of the SPZ Ag is subject to a unique Ag processing was also confirmed in experiments demonstrating a lack of recognition of the authentic CS protein by rCS protein-primed LN cells. Hence, the evidence presented in this work that complex protozoan Ag, such as Plasmodia, might present different requirements for Ag-specific T cell induction/activation not only enhances the basic understanding of the immune system, but is essential for the development of antimalaria vaccine(s). In addition, these observations support the hypothesis that the molecular context of the priming Ag influences the outcome of T cell specificities, by providing evidence that the authentic CS protein induces a T cell repertoire that is distinct from that induced by the rCS protein.
Prognostic Factors for Pulmonary Embolism: The PREP Study, A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study (2009)

Abstract Rationale The short-term prognosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) depends on hemodynamic status and underlying disease. The prognostic value of right ventricular dysfunction and injury is less well established. Objectives To evaluate prognostic factors of PE in a multicenter prospective cohort study. Methods Echocardiography, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal–proBNP and cardiac troponin I measurements were done on admission of 570 consecutive patients with an acute PE. A predictive model was based on independent predictors of 30-day adverse events defined as death, secondary cardiogenic shock, or recurrent venous thromboembolism. Measurements and Main Results At 30 days, 42 patients (7.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.5–9.8%) had adverse events. On multivariate analysis, altered mental state (odds ratio [OR] 6.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0–23.3), shock on admission (OR 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1–7.5), cancer (OR 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2–6.9), BNP (OR 1.3 for an increase of 250 ng/L; 95% CI, 1.1–1.6) and right to left ventricle diameter ratio (OR 1.2 for an increase of 0.1; 95% CI, 1.1–1.4) were associated with 30-days of adverse events. The predictive performance of the model was good (area under receiver operating characteristics curve 0.84 [95% CI, 0.78–0.90]), making it possible to develop a bedside prognostic score. Conclusions BNP and echocardiography may be useful determinants of the short-term outcome for patients with PE, together with clinical findings. Patients with PE can be stratified according to the initial risk of adverse outcome, using a simple score based on clinical, echocardiographic, and biochemical variables.
Microstructural origin of switching field distribution in patterned Co∕Pd multilayer nanodots (2008)

We have identified an important microstructural origin of the switching field distribution (SFD) in patterned Co∕Pd multilayer nanodots. In this study, we patterned a marked array of 115nm Co∕Pd nanodots on 50-nm-thick Si3N4 substrate. We identified the dots with unusually small and large (&amp;gt;2 standard deviations of the mean) switching fields with magnetic force microscopy, followed by microstructural characterization of the same dots with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From electron diffraction, we found that most nanodots with small switching fields have strong (200) spots, whereas those with large switching fields lack these spots. While bright-field TEM images reveal an average grain size of 7nm, dark-field images of the (200) spots reveal on average, a single grain of &amp;gt;10nm in lateral dimensions. Since we observed a direct correlation between strong (200) reflections and small reversal fields, we conclude that the largest grain in each nanodot, with an in-plane [001] is the likely cause for premature switching, which in turn defines the SFD of this array.