gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of four computational methods for computing Q factors and resonance wavelengths in photonic crystal membrane cavities (2016)

We benchmark four state-of-the-art computational methods by computing quality factors and resonance wavelengths in photonic crystal membrane L5 and L9 line defect cavities.The convergence of the methods with respect to resolution, degrees of freedom and number ofmodes is investigated. Special attention is paid to the influence of the size of the computational domain. Convergence is not obtained for some of the methods, indicating that some are moresuitable than others for analyzing line defect cavities.
Excitation of fluorescent nanoparticles by channel plasmon polaritons propagating in V-grooves (2009)

Recently, it has been proven that light can be squeezed into metallic channels with subwavelength lateral dimensions. Here, we present the study of the propagation of channel plasmon polaritons confined in gold V-grooves, filled with fluorescent particles. In this way, channel plasmon polaritons propagating in nonempty V-grooves can be characterized, as the propagation track can be directly visualized in the microscope. We have found that beads with subwavelength diameters act as frequency converters for the propagating channel modes, resulting in larger propagation lengths. For micrometric-diameter beads, we show the possibility of individual excitation, what may have applications to develop very sensitive biosensors.
The Role of Additives in the Electroreduction of Sodium Ions in Chloroaluminate-Based Ionic Liquids (2004)

Ionic liquids are an ionically conductive medium that can provide a wide potential window for the study of electrochemical processes. We have observed that the degree of ionization of the ions depends on the charge density of the ions with significant ion pairing possible. Previously, it was shown that sodium ions can be reduced only to sodium metal if an acidic additive (e.g., is added to the liquid. It is shown here that the additive increases the degree of dissociation of the from its counterion in the liquid, making it available for electrodeposition. The observed increase in ionic conductivity provided by the supports this proposed mechanism. It is believed that the additive coordinates with chloride in the liquid, to provide greater freedom for the ion. In addition, conditions were found for the reduction of sodium ions to sodium metal without the use of an additive. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
High Temperature Estimation of Phase Coherent Length of Hot Electron Using GaInAs/InP Triple-Barrier Resonant Tunneling Diodes Grown by OMVPE (1996)

1996 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,High Temperature Estimation of Phase Coherent Length of Hot Electron Using GaInAs/InP Triple-Barrier Resonant Tunneling Diodes Grown by OMVPE
Separation of Racemic Mixture by Ultrafiltration of Enantioselective Micelles. 1. Effect of pH on Separation and Regeneration (2001)

Many enantiomer separation systems are studied to meet the increasing demand for enantiopure compounds. One way to obtain pure enantiomers is to apply enantioselective micelles in ultrafiltration systems. We have studied the separation of phenylalanine (Phe) enantiomers by the ultrafiltration of nonselective nonionic micelles containing selector molecules, cholesteryl-l-glutamate:CuII (CLG:CuII). Because the net charges of enantiomer and CLG are pH-dependent, it is foreseen that pH will be an important factor in the design of a cascaded separation process that yields enantiopure products. Experiments at pH 7, 9, and 11 showed that the complexation can be described by multicomponent Langmuir isotherms. The CLG enantioselectivity for d-Phe increases with decreasing pH, being 1.4, 1.7, and 1.9 for pH 11, 9, and 7, respectively. Accordingly, the saturation concentration and the affinity constants decrease with decreasing pH, finally resulting in no complexation at pH 6. To design an economically attractive separation process, the regeneration of d-Phe-saturated micelles leaving the multistage system is inevitable. Regeneration, i.e., recovery of enantioselective micelles for reuse, is possible at pH ≤ 4. To keep salt production to a minimum, the shift in pH between the separation and regeneration processes must be minimized. Therefore, a separation process at pH 7 seems most attractive.
Receiver Circuits and ESD (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Receivers and ESD Receivers and ESD Receivers and Receiver Evolution Receiver Circuits with Pseudo-Zero VT Half-Pass Transmission Gates Receiver with Zero Transmission Gate Receiver Circuits with Bleed Transistors Receiver Circuits with Test Functions Receiver with Schmitt Trigger Feedback Networks Bipolar Transistor Receivers Summary and Closing Comments Problems References
Integration challenges of low temperature BEOL interconnects (2017)

We present the first exploratory low temperature, lower than standard back-end-of-line (BEOL) interconnects temperature in CMOS. The approach poses several challenges such as undercut in pad via, photo resist residue defects post Aluminum (Al) etch and patch defects post passivation etch. We achieved the electrical targets and met reliability specifications of passivation integrity test (PIT), stress migration (SM), electro migration (EM) for high aspect ratio (HAR) dual damascene via, and pad via interconnects.
Tuning Fano Resonances with Graphene (2013)

We demonstrate strong electrical control of plasmonic Fano resonances in dolmen structures using tunable interband transitions in graphene. Such graphene-plasmonic hybrid devices can have applications in light modulation and sensing.
Spectral and noise characterization of a 852 nm dual-frequency VECSEL (orale) (2015)

3rd Workshop VECSEL, Nov 2015, Montpellier, France
KIAA1199 expression and hyaluronan degradation colocalize in multiple sclerosis lesions (2018)

Modification of hyaluronan (HA) accumulation has been shown to play a key role in regulating inflammatory processes linked to the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to characterize the enzymatic activity involved in HA degradation observed within focal demyelinating lesions in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model. EAE was induced in 3-month-old female C57BL/6J mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 33-35 (MOG33-35) peptide. The mice were monitored for 21 days. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from control and EAE mice were labeled with an immunoadhesin against HA, antibodies against KIAA1199 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, a marker for astrocytes. In situ hybridization was conducted using a KIAA1199 nucleic acid probe. In histologic sections of spinal cord from EAE mice, abnormal HA accumulation was observed in the close vicinity of the affected areas, whereas HA was totally degraded within the focal loci of damaged tissue. KIAA1199 immunoreactivity was exclusively associated with focal loci in damaged white columns of the spinal cord. KIAA1199 was mainly expressed by activated astrocytes that invaded damaged tissue. Similar findings were observed in tissue from an MS patient. Here, we show that KIAA1199, a protein that plays a role in a HA degradation pathway independent of the canonical hyaluronidases such as PH20, is specifically expressed in tissue lesions in which HA is degraded. KIAA1199 expression by activated astrocytes may explain the focal HA degradation observed during progression of MS and could represent a possible new therapeutic target.
Lack of prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolism by human ocular tissues. (1990)

The ability of human and rabbit ocular tissues to degrade prostaglandins (PGs) was compared by following the metabolic fate of PGF2 alpha. No metabolism was observed in vitro after 5.0 hr incubation with human cornea, iris/ciliary body, or sclera, as indicated by the absence of a decrease in [3H]-PGF2 alpha concentration or the appearance of [3H]-PGF2 alpha metabolites with time. Similarly, no metabolism of PGF2 alpha was observed in vitro after 5.0 hr incubation with these various rabbit ocular tissues or iris/ciliary body homogenate, or in vivo after topical application to rabbit eyes. The only detectable radioactive peak corresponded to PGF2 alpha. Therefore, it is concluded that both human and rabbit ocular tissues lack the enzymes that typically deactivate prostaglandins by 15-OH dehydrogenation, omega-oxidation, and beta-oxidation. In contrast to ocular metabolism, PGF2 alpha was metabolized in the presence of rabbit lung homogenate: [3H]-PGF2 alpha decreased with the simultaneous formation of a metabolite in a time-dependent manner. This metabolic transformation in lung homogenate was NADP+ dependent, and the radioactive metabolic peak had the same retention time as 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha.
Influenza A virus-induced early activation of ERK and PI3K mediates V-ATPase-dependent intracellular pH change required for fusion (2010)

The vacuolar (H+)-ATPases (V-ATPases) facilitate the release of influenza A virus (IAV) genome into the cytoplasm by acidifying the endosomal interior. The regulation of V-ATPases by signalling pathways has been demonstrated in various model systems. However, little is known about signalling-regulated V-ATPase activation during IAV infection. Here we show that V-ATPase activity is elevated during infection of cell monolayers with IAV, as measured by intracellular pH change, via a mechanism mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Inhibition of IAV-induced early activation of these kinases reduced V-ATPase activity and the acidification of intracellular compartments in infected cells. IAV-activated ERK and PI3K appear to interact directly, and they colocalize with the E subunit of V-ATPase V1 domain. Further, siRNAs targeting the E2 subunit isoform significantly reduced virus titres. Interestingly, suppression of PI3K early activation, but not that of ERK or V-ATPase, negatively affected virus internalization, suggesting the involvement of the pathway in earlier, V-ATPase-independent infection-promoting events. Cell treatment with a V-ATPase-specific inhibitor impaired the nuclear localization of incoming viral ribonucleoproteins, inhibiting replication/transcription of viral RNAs. These findings highlight the importance of IAV-induced ERK and PI3K early activation as signalling mediators in V-ATPase-stimulated endosomal acidification required for fusion.
DUBMOD14 - International Workshop on Data-driven User Behavioral Modeling and Mining from Social Media (2014)

Massive amounts of data are being generated on social media sites, such as Twitter and Facebook. These data can be used to better understand people (e.g., personality traits, perceptions, and preferences) and predict their behavior. As a result, a deeper understanding of users and their behavior can benefit a wide range of intelligent applications, such as advertising, social recommender systems, and personalized knowledge management. These applications will also benefit individual users themselves and optimize their experience across a wide variety of domains, such as retail, healthcare, and education. Since mining and understanding user behavior from social media often requires interdisciplinary effort, including machine learning, text mining, human-computer interaction, and social science, our workshop aims to bring together researchers and practitioners from multiple fields to discuss the creation of deeper models of individual users by mining the content that they publish and the social networking behavior that they exhibit.
Performance of Multicarrier DS/SSMA Over Fast Rayleigh Fading Channels With Doppler Diversity (2005)

Performance of Multicarrier DS/SSMA Over Fast Rayleigh Fading Channels With Doppler Diversity The significant loss in performance of multicarrier direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access (DS/SSMA) systems over fast-fading channels is investigated. First, the channel model for individual subchannels is obtained using a canonical decomposition to a wide-sense stationary, uncorrelated scattering channel. Next, a receiver structure, which features both Doppler diversity and frequency diversity, is presented and analyzed. It is found that large Doppler spreads cause the average magnitude of the desired signals to diminish dramatically. Expressions for the bit-error rate are derived for both uncoded and coded systems by applying the standard Gaussian approximation. Numerical results, which show that Doppler diversity is preferable over frequency diversity in fast-fading channels, are provided for different combinations of the diversity orders. Numerical results, which show that the intersymbol and intersubchannel interference can be effectively suppressed, are also provided. It is show that the multiple-access interference tends to degenerate into a wide-sense stationary process with a statistical periodicity destroyed by the fast-fading channel.
Robot path planning with distance-safety criterion (1987)

Euclidean distance is the most popular criterion for robot path planning. However, the shortest path (SP) is dangerous in some cases because such a path drives the robot too close to obstacles. When safety is the main concern, a center-line path (CLP) providing the maximum clearance from obstacles would be preferable over the SP, although the length of a CLP could be considerably longer than that of a SP. Since the SP and CLP are two extremes with respect to the distance and safety criteria, respectively, it would be useful in practice to strike a compromise between the two criteria. The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for determining an optimal path with a weighted distance-safety criterion. The method is composed of three parts: (i) construction of a region map by dividing the workspace, (ii) inter-region optimization to determine the entry and departure points of the path in each region, and (iii) intra-region optimization for determining the (optimal) path segment within each region. The region map is generated by using an approximate Voronoi diagram, and the inter- (intra-) region optimization is achieved by using the variational dynamic programming. Although it is developed for 2D problems, our method can be easily extended to a class of 3D problems. Numerical examples are also presented to demonstrate the method.
Multiple mechanisms in the motor responses of the guinea‐pig isolated urinary bladder to bradykinin (1989)

1. Bradykinin (1 nm-1 microM) produced a contraction of bladder strips excised from the dome of the guinea-pig urinary bladder, an effect which was greatly enhanced by removal of the mucosal layer or by thiorphan (10 microM). All subsequent experiments were performed in mucosa-free strips and in the presence of thiorphan. 2. In carbachol (5 microM)-contracted strips, bradykinin produced a concentration (1 nm-1 microM)-dependent transient relaxation. 3. Kallidin was slightly more potent than bradykinin in producing a contraction and a relaxation of the carbachol-induced tone. By contrast, [des-Arg9]-bradykinin, a selective B1 receptor agonist was barely effective up to 1 microM. 4. The contractile response to bradykinin was: (a) unaffected by either tetrodotoxin (1 microM), in vitro capsaicin desensitization (10 microM for 30 min) or apamin (0.1 microM); (b) antagonized by indomethacin (5 microM), the prostaglandin receptor antagonist SC-19220 (100 microM) or the B2 receptor antagonist [D-Arg0, Hyp3, Thi5,8, Phe7]-bradykinin (10 micron) and (c) almost abolished by nifedipine (1 microM). 5. The antagonism of the contractile response to bradykinin produced by indomethacin and SC-19220 was non-additive while that produced by indomethacin and the B2 receptor antagonist was additive. 6. The relaxant response to bradykinin was unaffected by tetrodotoxin, in vitro capsaicin desensitization or indomethacin but antagonized in a competitive manner by the B2 receptor antagonist. Further, this response was abolished by apamin (0.1 microM) but unaffected by glibenclamide (1 microM). 7. Bradykinin (10 microM) produced a consistent release of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) but not substance P-LI from the guinea-pig bladder muscle. CGRP-LI release by bradykinin was greatly reduced in bladders exposed to indomethacin. [des-Arg9]-bradykinin (10 microM) was ineffective. 8. We conclude that: (a) bradykinin-induced contraction involves activation of both B2 receptors and prostanoid synthesis, via distinct mechanisms which act by inducing calcium influx via nifedipine-sensitive channels; (b) bradykinin-induced relaxation involves activation of B2 receptors and opening of apamin-sensitive potassium channels; (c) bradykinin stimulates sensory nerves in this tissue largely via prostanoid production.
Investigations on circuits and layout for non-intrusive switch current measurements in high frequency converters using parallel GaN HEMTs (2018)

Recent developments in wide-bandgap semiconductor based power switches have made GaN HEMTs (High Electron Mobility Transistors) one of the most popular choices for different power electronics applications. Due to the relatively lower current ratings of the available GaN devices in the market, parallel configurations of GaN transistors are required for high frequency high power applications. In this work, we demonstrate a contactless switch current measurement technique based on Magnetoresistive (MR) sensors in a synchronous buck converter using GaN transistors in a parallel configuration. We have discussed the design considerations for the optimal design of the power electronic converter and contactless switch current sensing method in detail. We have demonstrated through experiments the performance of the contactless current sensing method in measuring the active and synchronous switch currents in the designed power electronic converter with parallel GaN transistors.
Gain and noise characteristics of a Brillouin amplifier and their dependence on the spatial structure of the pump beam (1990)

Amplification of a weak input signal (~0.5 pJ) in a high-gain (G = 109) Brillouin amplifier has resulted in an output signal-to-noise ratio of 85:1, within a factor of 4 of the theoretical estimate. For a near-diffraction-limited Gaussian pump beam this noise increases exponentially with pump intensity with the same gain coefficient as for an input signal. When the pump beam is aberrated, the effective gain coefficient for the conjugate is enhanced by as much as a factor of 3, depending on the nature of the aberration. The enhancement factor J is found to vary significantly when the laser beam passes through different regions of the aberrator.
Automatic power control-free zero-bias modulation of laser diodes at 1 Gbit/s (1988)

The lack of an automatic power control (APC) and dc bias setting of the present generation of the laser diodes (LDs) is a great hindrance to achieving high-density optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs). Both of these needs can be met if the threshold current lth is reduced far below the driving current. Here we describe the first (we believe) successful demonstration of Gbit/s APC-free zero-bias modulation using very low lth GaAs/GaAIAs multiquantum well (MQW) lasers.
319: Validation of Inflammopathic, Adaptive, and Coagulopathic Sepsis Endotypes in COVID-19 (2020)

Sweeney, Timothy; Liesenfeld, Oliver; Wacker, James; He, Yudong; Rawling, David; Remmel, Melissa; Coyle, Sabrina; Midic, Uros; Kotsaki, Antigone; Kavanou, Aggeliki; Leventogiannis, Konstantinos; Kontogeorgou, Ioanna; Giamarellos, Evangelos Author Information
Neural network-based full-reference image quality assessment (2016)

This paper presents a full-reference (FR) image quality assessment (IQA) method based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). The CNN extracts features from distorted and reference image patches and estimates the perceived quality of the distorted ones by combining and regressing the feature vectors using two fully connected layers. The CNN consists of 12 convolution and max-pooling layers; activation is done by a rectifier activation function (ReLU). The overall IQA score is computed by aggregating the patch quality estimates. Three different feature combination methods and two aggregation approaches are proposed and evaluated in this paper. Experiments are performed on the LIVE and TID2013 databases. On both databases linear Pearson correlations superior to state-of-the-art IQA methods are achieved.
Optimizing Orthogonal Multiple Access Based on Quantized Channel State Information (2011)

The performance of systems where multiple users communicate over wireless fading links benefits from channel-adaptive allocation of the available resources. Different from most existing approaches that allocate resources based on perfect channel state information, this work optimizes channel scheduling along with per user rate and power loadings over orthogonal fading channels, when both terminals and scheduler rely on quantized channel state information. Channel-adaptive policies are designed to optimize an average transmit-performance criterion subject to average quality of service requirements. While the resultant optimal policy per fading realization shows that the individual rate and power loadings can be obtained separately for each user, the optimal scheduling is slightly more complicated. Specifically, per fading realization each channel is allocated either to a single (winner) user, or to a small group of winner users whose fraction of shared resources is found by solving a linear program. This bimodal scheduling is also the optimal one when the channels are deterministic. A single scheduling scheme combining both alternatives (modes) becomes possible by smoothing the original disjoint scheme. The smooth scheduling is asymptotically optimal and incurs reduced computational complexity. Different alternatives to obtain the Lagrange multipliers required to implement the channel-adaptive policies are proposed, including stochastic iterations that are provably convergent and do not require knowledge of the channel distribution.
Fabrication and Characterization of Fullerene Functionalized Poly(vinyl formamide-co-vinyl amine)/Inorganic Oxidic Hybrid Particles (2001)

The postfunctionalization of polyelectrolyte (PE) poly(vinyl formamide-co-vinylamine) (PVFA-co-PVAm) layers adsorbed on silica or titanium dioxide particles with fullerene (C60) has been investigated. The functionalization process requires two steps, the adsorption of the (PVFA-co-PVAm) from an aqueous solution onto the inorganic particles (silica or titanium dioxide) and the reaction of the PE-modified particles with C60 in toluene. By means of this procedure the PVFA-co-PVAm layer on the particle surface is irreversibly fixed by the reaction between the accessible primary amino groups of the PE and fullerene (C60). The degree of conversion of PVFA-co-PVAm/silica with C60 has been investigated by UV−vis spectroscopy and quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The fixing of only a small amount of fullerene on the PVFA-co-PVAm layer strongly influences the Brønsted acid−base behavior and the surface charge density of the whole particles as shown by electrokinetic measurements. Atomic force microscopic investigations on smooth PVFA-co-PVAm/silicon substrates before and after C60 functionalization show that C60 molecules form aggregates within the PE layer. Furthermore, the ET(30) polarity parameters of the C60-functionalized PVFA-co-PVAm layers on silica are investigated by various substituted Reichardts dyes.