gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Point Defect Generation during Phosphorus Diffusion in Silicon: I . Concentrations above Solid Solubility (1987)

The goal of the present research was to investigate the proposal that P diffusion at concentrations above solid solubility generates silicon self‐interstitials. Buried layers of As and Sb were created by either implanting Sb at 150 keV, or As at 100 keV, in '100' Si substrates. After a 900°C, 30 min anneal in , an 8–10 μm thick epi layer was grown over the buried layers. Masking oxides were then created either by depositing a LPCVD layer (1 μm) or by thermal oxidation at 900°C in steam. Spreading resistance profiles were taken on all samples. SIMS was used to characterize the chemical P doping densities. Plan view and cross‐section TEM was used to look for precipitates and defects in the P‐diffused layers. Major results of this matrix of experiments are the following. 1. Phosphorus‐related precipitates 0.1–0.2 μm in size were observed in selected samples using TEM. In all cases their concentration is insufficient to account for the concentration of nonelectrically active P. 2. Measurable enhanced diffusion of As in the buried layers occurred over the temperature range 1000°–1150°C with an activation energy of ≈1.5 eV. This enhanced diffusion only occurred under the windows in which P was diffusing. 3. Measurable retarded diffusion of Sb in the buried layers occurred over the temperature range 1100°–1200°C with an activation energy of ≃6.6 eV. 4. Stacking fault growth in the buried As and Sb layers under the P‐diffused region implies that a silicon self‐interstitial supersaturation was produced in the P doped layer. Self‐interstitials feed the stacking fault growth and the enhanced As diffusion and retarded Sb diffusion. 5. The level of self‐interstitials generated cannot be accounted for by the sparse number of precipitates formed in the P‐diffused region.
Lifetime risk of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease in MUC5B mutation carriers (2021)

Our findings provide estimates of lifetime risk of RA-ILD based on <i>MUC5B</i> mutation carrier status, demonstrating the potential of genomics for risk stratification of RA-ILD.
New data and an old puzzle: the negative association between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis (2015)

Our results are consistent with epidemiological observations of a negative relationship between SZ and RA reflecting, at least in part, genetic factors. Results of the month of birth analysis are consistent with pleiotropic effects of genetic variants dependent on environmental context.
Chiroptical transmission through a plasmonic helical traveling-wave nanoantenna, towards on-tip chiroptical probes (2019)

International audience
Design and study of a photosensitive interface: a derivatized n-type silicon photoelectrode (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign and study of a photosensitive interface: a derivatized n-type silicon photoelectrodeMark S. Wrighton, Richard G. Austin, Andrew B. Bocarsly, Jeffrey M. Bolts, Otto Haas, Kenneth D. Legg, Louis Nadjo, and Michael C. PalazzotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 5, 1602–1603Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00473a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00473a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance Evaluation of Miniaturized Antenna of the Shinkansen Used for Overhead Line Voltage Detection and Wireless Communication (2020)

Reducing the noise from the sound of train travel is an important issue in high-speed railways such as the Shinkansen. There has been no change in the shape of the antenna installed on the roof on the leading car of the Tokaido Shinkansen since the line started service, even though this is a source of the noise. Here, by changing (miniaturizing) the shape of this antenna from the standpoint of noise countermeasures, we developed an antenna that satisfied both the overhead line voltage detection performance and wireless detection performance, analyzed its performance by examination in factory and running tests, and confirmed that it can be provided for practical use. In this paper, we report a summary of the antenna, the results of the performance evaluation under environments of rain and accumulated snow, and the results of performance evaluation by running tests.
31P chemical shift anisotropies of trimethyl- and triphenylphosphine-substituted Group 6 metal pentacarbonyl complexes (1998)

The 31 P chemical shift tensor components and anisotropies of the trimethyl- and triphenylphosphine complexes of the group 6 metal pentacarbonyls, M(CO) 5 PR 3 (M = Cr, Mo, W and R = Me, Ph), have been measured using solid-state CP-MAS 31 P NMR spectroscopy. For the trimethylphosphine derivatives, the chemical shift tensors have near axial symmetry and the shift tensor components are in reasonable agreement with the calculated values for the chromium and molybdenum complexes. In the triphenylphosphine complexes, the tensors are asymmetric due to the different torsion angles of the phenyl rings. The trend to higher shielding of the isotropic 31 P chemical shifts on descending group 6 arises from changes in the perpendicular components of the shift tensor. The one-bond coupling constants, 1 J( 95/97 Mo- 31 P), for the trimethyl- and triphenylphosphine complexes are 129 and 133 Hz, respectively.Key words: chemical shift anisotropy, phosphines, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten.
Robust non-permanent magnet motors for vehicle propulsion (2015)

There has been growing interest in electrical machines that reduce or eliminate rare-earth material content. Traction applications are among the key applications where reducing cost and hence reduction or elimination of rare-earth materials is a key requirement. This paper will assess the potential of three non-permanent magnet options in the context of vehicle propulsion applications: 1) a conventional Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM), 2) a DC-biased Reluctance Machine (DCRM) and, 3) a Wound Field Flux Switching Machine (WFFSM). The three machines were designed to achieve the hybrid vehicle traction requirements of 55kW peak and 30kW continuous over a speed range going from 2800rpm to 14000rpm. Their performance will be compared and the key opportunities and challenges will be highlighted. Preliminary experimental results for the DCRM will be presented.
Soil Washing and Biotreatment of Petroleum‐Contaminated Soils (1994)

Soil washing was evaluated in combination with biological treatment as a decontamination technology for petroleum‐contaminated soils. The bench‐scale soil washing system utilized to clean the soils also fractionated the bulk soil into sand, silt, and clay fractions. With tap water as the carrier, the petroleum removal efficiencies varied from 44% to 55% for three soils. The postwash hydrocarbon levels were in the range of 145–905 mg/kg for sands, 2,000–5,000 mg/kg for silts, and greater than 14,000 mg/kg for clays. Biological degradation was evaluated as a secondary treatment to reduce the contaminant levels on each fraction to desired levels. Simulated composting lowered hydrocarbon levels on sands to below 50 mg/kg. Slurry treatment of silt and clay fractions reduced hydrocarbon levels to near 100 mg/kg for silt and in the range of 500 to 1,000 mg/kg for clays. It was found that composting and slurry treatment effectively met the suggested target‐treatment level of 100 mg/kg for the sand and silt fractions. For the clays, slow desorption of the hydrocarbons and long treatment periods made slurry treatment an uneconomical alternative.
Polarimetry With Phased Array Antennas: Theoretical Framework and Definitions (2011)

For phased array receivers, the accuracy with which the polarization state of a received signal can be measured depends on the antenna configuration, array calibration process, and beamforming algorithms. A signal and noise model for a dual-polarized array is developed and related to standard polarimetric antenna figures of merit, and the ideal polarimetrically calibrated, maximum-sensitivity beamforming solution for a dual-polarized phased array feed is derived. A practical polarimetric beamformer solution that does not require exact knowledge of the array polarimetric response is shown to be equivalent to the optimal solution in the sense that when the practical beamformers are calibrated, the optimal solution is obtained. To provide a rough initial polarimetric calibration for the practical beamformer solution, an approximate single-source polarimetric calibration method is developed. The modeled instrumental polarization error for a dipole phased array feed with the practical beamformer solution and single-source polarimetric calibration was -10 dB or lower over the array field of view for elements with alignments perturbed by random rotations with 5 degree standard deviation.
From imagery to salience: locative expressions in context (1995)

This thesis gives a conceptual framework for representing, manipulating, measuring, and communicating ideas about topological (non-metric) spatial locations, object spatial contexts, and user expectations of relationships. This thesis articulates a theory of spatial relations, how they are represented as fuzzy predicates internally, and how they can be appropriately augmented or filtered using prior knowledge in order to produce natural language statements about location and space. This work quantifies the notions of context and vagueness, so that all spatial relations are measurably accurate, provably efficient, and matched to users&amp;apos; expectations. The system combines variable aspects of computer science and linguistics in such a way so as to be extensible to many environments. The system is demonstrated both in a landmark navigation task and in a medical task, two very separate domains.
Trends in the incidence of benign pathological lesions at partial nephrectomy for presumed renal cell carcinoma in renal masses on preoperative computed tomography imaging: A single institute experience with 290 consecutive patients (2010)

PN, as opposed to RN, has shown a rising tendency over time. The frequency of benign pathology findings after PN for suspicious renal masses on preoperative computed tomography imaging has not decreased. Proper management should favor nephron-sparing surgery for renal lesions if such lesions can be removed satisfactorily with PN.
Orienting Eu(dnm)3phen by Tensile Drawing in Polyethylene: Polarized Eu3+ Emission (2002)

Uniaxial orientation of metal–organic europium complexes (see Figure) has been achieved using ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. The orientation of the ligand molecules results in the transfer of polarized energy from the ligand to Eu3+, and thus yields polarized emission from the complex. The spectral properties as well as the crystallographic details of the complexes are described in detail.
Homolytic Substitution and Carbenoidic Reactions in the Preparation of Benzimidazole Derivatives of Pharmaceutical Interest: Synthesis and Properties of (2‐Cycloalkyl‐1‐benzimidazolyl)‐N,N‐diethylacetamides (1985)

Abstract The preparation and preliminary biological evaluation of the (2‐cycloalkyl‐1‐benzimidazolyl)‐N,N‐diethylacetamides 7a–e are described. Key steps for the preparation of the compounds 7a–d are (i) the homolytic cycloalkylation of benzimidazole, in which the silver‐catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation of the cycloalkanecarboxylic acids 1a–d by peroxydisulfate is used as a source of alkyl radicals, and (ii) the N ‐alkylation of benzimidazole by the ethoxycarbonylcarbenoid generated by the copper bronze‐catalyzed decomposition of ethyl diazoacetate.
Material and circuit design for organic electronic vapor sensors and biosensors (2019)

We summarize our recent results on material, device, and circuit structures for detection of volatile analytes in the atmosphere and proteins in aqueous solution. Common to both types of sensing goals is the design of materials that respond more strongly to analytes of interest than to likely interferents, and the use of chemical and electronic amplification methods to increase the ratio of the desired responses to the drift (signal/noise ratio). Printable materials, especially polymers, are emphasized. Furthermore, the use of multiple sensing elements, typically field-effect transistors, increases the selectivity of the information, either by narrowing the classes of compounds providing the responses, distinguishing time-dependent from dose-dependent responses, and increasing the ratio of analyte responses to environmental drifts. To increase the stability of systems used to detect analytes in solution, we sometimes separate the sensing surface from the output device in an arrangement known as a remote gate. We show that the output device may be an organic-based or a silicon-based transistor, and can respond to electrochemical potential changes at the sensing surface arising from a variety of chemical interactions.
pFlours: A New Packet and Flow Gathering Tool (2008)

A network monitoring is an essential activity for managing, diagnosing, and protecting network resources. The network traffic gathering is a foundation of the network monitoring. For the detail network monitoring, both the packet information and the flow information is needed. However, in the sampling needed environments, the sampling method and timing of the packet and flow gathering tools are different. Here, the synchronization problem occurs. Thus, in this paper, we present a new network traffic gathering tool called pFlours. The proposed tool, pFlours, fetches a packet and does the sampling, and then makes flows and packet dumps using the fetched packet. This, the ensemble of packet and flow information eliminates a synchronization problem during sampling network traffic. In this paper, we present the specification of pFlours: the aims, features, design, and performance. The pFlours can gather flows as well as packets, solve the synchronization problem, and export the gathered packets and flows to the remote collector. Furthermore, the pFlours consumes only little system resource and shows good work on the high speed networks.
Towards Informative Path Planning for Acoustic SLAM (2016)

Acoustic scene mapping is a challenging task as microphone arrays can often localize sound sources only in terms of their directions. Spatial diversity can be exploited constructively to infer source-sensor range when using microphone arrays installed on moving platforms, such as robots. As the absolute location of a moving robot is often unknown in practice, Acoustic Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (a-SLAM) is required in order to localize the moving robot’s positions and jointly map the sound sources. Using a novel a-SLAM approach, this paper investigates the impact of the choice of robot paths on source mapping accuracy. Simulation results demonstrate that a-SLAM performance can be improved by informatively planning robot paths.
Plasticity in Self‐Assembly: Templating Generates Functionally Different Circuits from a Single Precursor (2003)

Millimetergroße Bauelemente bilden durch Selbstorganisation dreidimensionale Aggregate, deren Aufbau elektrischen Anschlüssen entspricht und durch die geometrischen Randbedingungen bei der Selbstorganisation vorgegeben ist. Im Prinzip lassen sich damit durch Steuerung einer makroskopischen Variablen vielfältige Funktionseinheiten ausgehend vom gleichen Satz an Bauelementen ableiten (siehe Bild). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2003/z51533_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
1H{15N} GHMQC study of 5,7‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine and 1H, 13C and 15N NMR coordination shifts in Au(III) chloride complexes of 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines (2002)

Abstract The 1 H{ 15 N} NMR spectrum of 5,7‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐ a ]‐pyrimidine ( 3 ) was measured by GHMQC, unambiguously assigned and compared with the spectra of 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐ a ]pyrimidine ( 1 ) and 5,7‐dimethyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐ a ]pyrimidine ( 2 ). A series of Au(III) chloride complexes of general formula AuLCl 3 , where L = 1 , 2 , 3 , was synthesized and studied by 1 HH{ 15 N} GHMQC and 1 H{ 13 C} GHMBC. Low‐frequency shifts of 72–74 ppm ( 15 N) and 5–6 ppm ( 13 C) were observed upon complexation by Au(III) ions for the coordination site N‐3 and adjacent C‐2, C‐3a atoms, respectively. The 13 C signals of C‐5, C‐6, C‐7 and the 1 H resonances of H‐2, H‐6 were shifted to higher frequency. Comparison with analogous Pd(II), Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes revealed that in the case of Au(III) coordination the 15 N shifts were relatively smaller, whereas those for 13 C and 1 H were larger. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Optics in Data Centers - Improving Server Power Efficiency (2009)

According to the 2007 EPA report to the US congress [1], the total energy use by servers in data centers in the United States amounted to about 61 billion kWh or 1.5% of the total US electricity consumption. This number is expected to nearly double in the next five years to more than 100 billion kWh, representing an annual cost of $7.4 billion and an additional 25 million metric tons of CO2 emissions. A typical data center will contain hundreds to thousands of servers, networking and storage equipment with the associated site (power and cooling) infrastructure. Approximately 50% of this energy use can be attributed to power and cooling with the remaining 50% to the server [1]. A generic 2P server consumes about 340W of power of which approximately 20-40% of this is associated with data communications for distances from a few centimeters to a few meters [2,3]. Typically, these data links are over provisioned for worst case link lengths making them power inefficient. Replacing copper with optics can realize a 5 to 7x reduction in power independent of distance. Optics with its small size, high density, low power and high bandwidth-distance connectivity will enable new system architectures which can be designed for improved air flow further reducing the power and cooling requirements within servers and data centers. Moreover, the large bandwidth capacity of optics can provide for several generations of server infrastructure. For optics to displace copper for intra-rack connections, novel low cost interconnect technologies at a cost structure comparable to copper will be required. In this presentation, we will discuss how and where optical interconnects can be used to improve server power efficiencyReferences 1. http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/prod_development/downloads/EPA_Datacenter_Report_Congress_Final1.pdf.2. Greg Astfalk, “Why optical communication and why now?”, Appl Phys A, Vol A 95, Number 4, pp. 933-940, June 11, 2009.3. Terry Morris, “Breaking Free of Electrical Constraints”, Appl Phys A, Vol A 95, Number 4, pp 941-944, June 11, 2009. Article not available.
Toward Logic-Based Cognitively Robust Synthetic Characters in Digital Environments (2008)

With respect to genuine cognitive faculties, present synthetic characters inhabiting online virtual worlds are, to say the least, completely impaired. Current methods aimed at the creation of “immersive” virtual worlds only avatars and NPCs the illusion of mentality and, as such, will ultimately fail. Like behaviorism, this doomed approach focuses only on the inputs and outputs of virtual characters and ignores the rich mental structures that are essential for any truly realistic social environment. While this “deceptive” tactic may be suitable so long as a human is in the driver's seat compensating for the mental deficit, truly convincing autonomous synthetic characters must possess genuine mental states, which can only result from a formal theory of mind. We report here on our attempt to invent part of such a theory, one that will enable artificial agents to have and reason about the beliefs of others, resulting in characters that can predict and manipulate the behavior of even human players. Furthermore, we present the “embodiment” of our recent successes: Eddie, a four year old child in Second Life who can reason about his own beliefs to draw conclusions in a manner that matches human children his age.
Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 evades direct immune recognition by CD4+ T helper cells (2004)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is the only viral protein regularly expressed in EBV-associated malignancies. Immune recognition of EBNA1 by CD8+ T cells is prevented by an internal glycine-alanine repeat (GAr) which blocks proteasomal degradation. To test whether EBV-infected cells could be recognized by T helper cells, human CD4+ T cell clones specific for EBNA1 were isolated from latently EBV-infected individuals. These T cells, however, failed to recognize EBV-positive target cells. To investigate whether endogenous presentation of EBNA1 epitopes on MHC class II was prevented by the GAr domain, a mutant EBV strain with an EBNA1 lacking the GAr (EBNA1DeltaGA) was generated and used to establish an Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized lymphoblastoid B cell line (LCL). The EBNA1DeltaGA LCL were not recognized by the EBNA1-specific T cell clones either, indicating that the GAr domain does not mediate this effect. Immune recognition could be restored by overexpression of EBNA1, for which at least 60-fold higher levels of both EBNA1 or EBNA1DeltaGAr protein were required. These results demonstrate that EBNA1 evades direct recognition by CD4+ T helper cells, since its steady state level is below the threshold required for efficient presentation on MHC class II. These findings have important implications for the design of immunotherapeutic approaches to target EBV-positive malignancies.
Citizen sensing for collaborative construction of accessibility maps (2013)

In this demo we present IBM Sidewalks, a mobile application designed to facilitate the identification of accessibility issues in a city via crowdsourcing. This application connects to our Citizen Sensing platform, providing to city administrators an integrated view about issues in the city, such as sidewalks that are obstructed or in bad condition. If a representative amount of data is collected through people engagement, a significant number of issues will be registered, and analytics tools can be used to identify the impact these issues have on people with disabilities' lives. Consequently, we can use such information to build accessibility maps, and possibly to define an appropriate action plan to address the issues, optimizing resource allocation.