gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inverse Privacy (revised) (2015)

An item of your personal information is inversely private if some party has access to it but you do not. We analyze the provenance of inversely private information and its rise to dominance over other kinds of personal information. In a nutshell, the inverse privacy problem is unjustiﬁed inaccessibility to you of your inversely private information. We argue that the inverse privacy problem has a market-based solution. (The version of August 2015.)
Characterization of oxygen vacancies and their migration in Ba-doped Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 ferroelectrics (2009)

We investigate in detail the migration kinetics of oxygen vacancies (OVs) in Ba-doped Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) ferroelectrics by complex impedance spectroscopy. The temperature dependent dc-electrical conductivity σdc suggests that Ba doping into PZT can lower significantly the density of OVs, leading to the distinctly decreased σdc and slightly enhanced activation energy U for the migration of OVs, thus benefiting the polarization fatigue resistance. Furthermore, the polarization fluctuation induced by the relaxation of OVs is reduced by the Ba doping. The Cole–Cole fitting to the dielectric loss manifests strong correlation among OVs, and the migration of OVs appears to be a collective behavior.
Picosecond photoinduced absorption and polarization memory in polythiophene derivatives (1990)

Although the fast dynamics of photoexcitations has been thoroughly explored in the conjugated polymer trans-polyacetylene, the experimental picture is much less complete for polymers in which the ground state is nondegenerate. We report time-resolved photoinduced-absorption data from films of one family of such polymers: the soluble polythiophene derivatives, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-yl) and poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-yl). Fast (${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}12}$ s) bleaching of the interband transition is observed at 2.06 eV, accompanied by photoinduced absorption in the band gap at 1.17 eV. The results indicate a shift of a fraction of the oscillator strength, consistent with rapid structural relaxation to form polarons with associated band-gap states. By varying the polarization of the optical probe relative to that of the pump, photoinduced dichroism is observed. The magnitude of the initial dichroism implies that in spin-cast films the polymers are (locally) chain extended and chain aligned. The time decay of the polarization memory is consistent with rapid trapping of the initially mobile charged excitations.
A Self-Reconfigurable Implementation of the JPEG Encoder (2007)

Dynamic reconfiguration allows to selectively substitute blocks of logic at run-time in order to improve the area efficiency of a FPGA design. This paper presents the design of a JPEG Encoder which exploits this feature. We propose a mixed HW/SW architecture, where most compute-intensive components of the application are mapped to application-specific HW cores. These cores dynamically alternate on the FPGA. Our purpose is to describe a real-world application of reconfigurable computing, illustrating how this approach allows for saving area with negligible performance overhead. We built a fully-working prototype, which demonstrates that the reconfigurable JPEG encoder achieves 29.6% area saving, 1.5% performance loss, and negligible power overhead with respect to a solution which uses statically mapped HW cores.
BBS7 is required for BBSome formation and its absence in mice results in Bardet-Biedl syndrome phenotypes and selective abnormalities in membrane protein trafficking (2013)

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic and genetically heterozygous disorder caused independently by numerous genes (BBS1-BBS17). Seven highly conserved BBS proteins (BBS1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9) form a complex known as the BBSome, which functions in ciliary membrane biogenesis. BBS7 is both a unique subunit of the BBSome and displays direct physical interaction with a second BBS complex, the BBS chaperonin complex. To examine the in vivo function of BBS7, we generated Bbs7 knockout mice. Bbs7(-/-) mice show similar phenotypes to other BBS gene mutant mice including retinal degeneration, obesity, ventriculomegaly and male infertility characterized by abnormal spermatozoa flagellar axonemes. Using tissues from Bbs7(-/-) mice, we show that BBS7 is required for BBSome formation, and that BBS7 and BBS2 depend on each other for protein stability. Although the BBSome serves as a coat complex for ciliary membrane proteins, BBS7 is not required for the localization of ciliary membrane proteins polycystin-1, polycystin-2, or bitter taste receptors, but absence of BBS7 leads to abnormal accumulation of the dopamine D1 receptor to the ciliary membrane, indicating that BBS7 is involved in specific membrane protein localization to cilia.
Retrieval performance improvement through low rank corrections (2003)

Whenever a feature extracted from an image has a unimodal distribution, information about its covariance matrix can be exploited for content based retrieval using as dissimilarity measure, the Bhattacharyya distance. To reduce the amount of computations and the size of logical database entry, we approximate the Bhattacharyya distance, taking into account that most of the energy in the feature space is often restricted to a low dimensional subspace. The theory was tested for a database of 1188 textures derived from VisTex with the local texture being represented by a 15 dimensional MRSAR feature vector. The retrieval performance improved significantly, relative to the traditional Mahalanobis distance based approach, in spite of using only one or two dimensions in the approximation.
Effects of κ‐ and μ‐Selective Opiate Agonists on Colonic Temperature in Normoglycaemic and Streptozotocin‐Treated Hyperglycaemic Mice* (1990)

The thermic responses of highly selective k-(U-69593 and U-50488H) and mu-(sufentanil and fentanyl) agonists were assessed in normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic mice. Hyperglycaemia was induced by streptozotocin injection. The opiates were injected subcutaneously and colonic temperatures monitored for 90 min. after injection. In normoglycaemic animals the k-agonists induced a significant hypothermic response and hyperglycaemia did not modify this effect. In normoglycaemic mice, low doses of mu-selective agonists predominantly produced hypothermia, while in high doses resulted in hyperthermia. In chronic hyperglycaemic mice, hyperthermia was the predominant effect of mu-opiates. The present results characterize the time course and dose response of some of the currently available highly selective kappa- and mu-opiate agonists for the first time in mice and suggest that hyperglycaemia differentially affects the opiate receptor subtypes that mediate thermoregulatory events.
Long-term responses and outcomes following immunosuppressive therapy in large granular lymphocyte leukemia-associated pure red cell aplasia: a Nationwide Cohort Study in Japan for the PRCA Collaborative Study Group (2008)

Large granular lymphocyte leukemia-associated pure red cell aplasia accounts for a significant portion of secondary pure red cell aplasia cases. However, because of its rarity, long-term responses and relapse rates after immunosuppressive therapy are largely unknown. We conducted a nationwide survey in Japan and collected 185 evaluable patients. Fourteen patients with large granular lymphocyte leukemia-associated pure red cell aplasia were evaluated. Cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine A and prednisolone produced remissions in 6/8, 1/4 and 0/2 patients respectively. Seven and 5 patients were maintained on cyclophosphamide or cyclosporine A respectively. Two patients relapsed after stopping cyclophosphamide, and 2 patients relapsed during maintenance therapy with cyclosporine A. The median relapse-free survival in the cyclophosphamide - and the cyclosporine A groups was 53 and 123 months respectively. Large granular lymphocyte leukemia-associated pure red cell aplasia showed a good response to either cyclophosphamide or cyclosporine A. Most patients continued to receive maintenance therapy and it remains uncertain whether cyclophosphamide or cyclosporine A can induce a maintenance-free hematologic response in large granular lymphocyte leukemia-associated pure red cell aplasia.
The role of reactive oxygen species in the virulence of wheat leaf rust fungus Puccinia triticina (2020)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role during host-pathogen interactions and are often an indication of induced host defence responses. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that Puccinia triticina (Pt) generates ROS, including superoxide, H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> and hydroxyl radicals, during wheat infection. Through pharmacological inhibition, we found that ROS are critical for both Pt urediniospore germination and pathogenic development on wheat. A comparative RNA-Seq analysis of different stages of Pt infection process revealed 291 putative Pt genes associated with the oxidation-reduction process. Thirty-seven of these genes encode known proteins. The expressions of five Pt genes, including PtNoxA, PtNoxB, PtNoxR, PtCat and PtSod, were subsequently verified using RT-qPCR analysis. The results show that the expressions of PtNoxA, PtNoxB, PtNoxR, PtCat and PtSod are up-regulated during urediniospore germination. In comparison, the expressions of PtNoxA, PtNoxB, PtNoxR and PtCat are down-regulated during wheat infection from 12 to 120 h after inoculation (HAI), whereas the expression of PtSod is up-regulated with a peak of expression at 120 HAI. We conclude that ROS are critical for the full virulence of Pt and a coordinate down-regulation of PtNox genes may be important for successful infection in wheat.
Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Spider Polyamine Toxins as Inhibitors of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors (2014)

The spider polyamine toxins Joro spider toxin-3 (JSTX-3) and Nephila polyamine toxins-1 and -8 (NPTX-1 and NPTX-8) are isolated from the venom of the orb-weaver spider Nephila clavata (Joro spider). They share a high degree of structural resemblance, their aromatic head groups being the only difference, and were recently found to be very potent open-channel blockers of ionotropic glutamate (iGlu) receptors. In this study we designed and synthesized a collection of 24 analogues of these toxins using a recently developed solid-phase synthetic methodology. Systematic variation in two regions of the toxins and subsequent evaluation of biological activity at AMPA and NMDA subtypes of iGlu receptors provided succinct information on structure-activity relationships. In particular, one set of analogues were found to display exquisite selectivity and potency for AMPA receptors relative to the natural products. Thus, this systematic SAR study has provided new pharmacological tools for studies of iGlu receptors.
Hyaluronic acid injections in post-enucleation or evisceration socket syndrome: a case series (2021)

Abstract Background One of the primary goals of enucleation and evisceration surgery is the restoration of an adequate orbital volume through the use of appropriately sized alloplastic or autogenous tissues. In patients inadequately treated, post-enucleation or evisceration socket syndrome occurs. Fillers are an ideal alternative for eyelid and eyebrow arcade volume enhancement since their injection is easily performed in an outpatient setting avoiding several complications. The aim of this study is to report the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers to treat volume deficits of the upper and lower eyelids, projecting the brow arcade and reducing the asymmetry. Methods Thirteen patients (2 male, 11 female, mean age 32.7 years) were treated from June 2012 to May 2020. Non-surgical treatment by HA filler injection for aesthetic rehabilitation of deep superior sulcus, inferior tear trough deformity, and scleral show was performed. Results No complications as orbital-ache and/or vasovagal response were reported during the injections. Minor complications such as light swelling at the site of injection, self-resolved within 2 days, were recorded. Stable results were observed at follow-ups. In two cases, two successive treatments were required at 3 and 6 years from the first injection. Conclusions Hyaluronic acid fillers offer a versatile and safe method for replacing soft tissue lost from the upper eyelid/brow complex in cases of post-enucleation or evisceration socket syndrome. Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity of Heteroatom‐Containing Bicyclic Endoperoxides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pulsed Ultrasound Attenuates the Hyperglycemic Exacerbation of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Vagus Nerve and Acetylcholine Signaling (2019)

Objective: Acute hyperglycemia is common in patients with myocardial infarction and independently associated with larger infarct size, impaired left ventricular function, and higher mortality. Hyperglycemia enhances inflammation and oxidative stress by activating splenic leukocytes, which can potentially be modulated by pulsed ultrasound (pUS). We hypothesized that pUS would attenuate the hyperglycemic exacerbation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by directly activating splenic acetylcholine receptors or indirectly through vagus nerve signaling. Methods: Acute hyperglycemia was induced in wild-type C57BL6 (WT) or acetylcholine-receptor knockout (Chrna7 KO) mice by intraperitoneal injection of 20% glucose (10 μL/g body weight) 15 minutes before occlusion of the left coronary artery (LCA). pUS (frequency 7 MHz, bursting mechanical index 1.2, duration 1 second, repeated every 6 seconds for 2 minutes, 20 second total exposure) or control B-mode US (frequency 14 MHz, mechanical index 0.99) was performed at the spleen or neck after glucose injection and 10 minutes before LCA occlusion. The LCA was temporarily occluded for 20 minutes, followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Heart and blood were then harvested for analysis. Results: Acute hyperglycemia (mean plasma glucose of 343.3±10.6 g/dL) significantly increased infarct size in WT mice (16.1±4.6 vs. 3.9±0.6% of risk region, p=0.03). This effect was attenuated by pUS treatment of the spleen (5±1.5%, p=0.03) but not by B-mode US. Hyperglycemia similarly increased infarct size in Chrna7 KO mice (22.4±6.8 vs. 1.4±0.3%, p=0.008), however there was no effect of pUS of the spleen (22.1±6.4%, p=0.97, Figure). pUS treatment at the neck abrogated the hyperglycemic infarct exacerbation in WT mice (3.5±1.5%, p=0.01), with an effect comparable to that of pUS of the spleen. However, the cardioprotective effect disappeared in mice with bilateral vagotomy (21.8±5.5%, p=0.44). An additional group of WT mice was treated with pUS at the neck 24 hours prior to hyperglycemia and IRI. The infarct-sparing effect observed (5.4±3%) was similar to the effect seen with pUS 10 minutes before LCA occlusion (p=0.9). Both spleen and neck pUS significantly decreased the acetylcholine level in the spleen (Spleen pUS: 6.9±1.3 vs. Control: 11.8±1.3 μM, p=0.03; Neck pUS: 7.8±0.8 μM, p=0.03) and increased the level in plasma (Spleen pUS: 13.3±0.5 vs. Control: 11.4±0.2 ng/mL, p=0.02; Neck pUS: 15.7±0.5 ng/mL, p=0.001). Conclusions: pUS treatment of the spleen or neck attenuated the hyperglycemic exacerbation of myocardial IRI leading to a 3-fold decrease in infarct size. The vagus nerve/nicotinic acetylcholine-receptor signaling pathway appears to be responsible for the protective mechanism of action. pUS is a non-pharmacologic and noninvasive treatment that may reduce infarct size in patients undergoing PCI or CABG for acute MI.
Heterogeneous metasurface for high temperature selective emission (2014)

We demonstrate selective emission from a heterogeneous metasurface that can survive repeated temperature cycling at 1300 K. Simulations, fabrication, and characterization were performed for a cross-over-a-backplane metasurface consisting of platinum and alumina layers on a sapphire substrate. The structure was stabilized for high temperature operation by an encapsulating alumina layer. The geometry was optimized for integration into a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system, and was designed to have its emissivity matched to the external quantum efficiency spectrum of 0.6 eV InGaAs TPV material. We present spectral measurements of the metasurface that result in a predicted 22% optical-to-electrical power conversion efficiency in a simplified model at 1300 K. Furthermore, this broadly adaptable selective emitter design can be easily integrated into full-scale TPV systems.
The Laboratory Diagnosis of Adrenal Pheochromocytoma: The Mayo Clinic Experience (2003)

P a catecholamine-producing tumor arising in the adrenal medulla, has an estimated incidence of two to eight cases per million persons annually (1, 2). Its clinical hallmark is sustained or intermittent hypertension often associated with paroxysmal symptoms (3). Pheochromocytoma should also be considered if a patient has labile hypertension, hypertension resistant to antihypertensive therapy, or paroxysmal symptoms (“spells”) (3, 4). Correct diagnosis is important because resection of the tumor dramatically reverses the clinical symptoms and may cure the hypertension (5). A missed or delayed diagnosis may cause considerable morbidity and mortality (5, 6). Clinically significant pheochromocytoma was first recognized in 1926 when Cesar Roux in Switzerland and Charles H. Mayo in the United States successfully removed pheochromocytomas to cure the catecholamine-associated symptom complex (7, 8). A biochemical assessment of catecholamine hypersecretion was not possible in 1926. Since then, the diagnostic approach has progressed from clinical impressions and exploratory laparotomies to histamine stimulation and phentolamine suppression tests in the 1940s, crude catecholamine measurements and iv urograms in the 1950s and 1960s, and refined measurements of catecholamine levels and computerized imaging in the 1970s and 1980s. Most laboratories now measure catecholamines by HPLC with electrochemical detection or gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Catecholamines and their metabolites can be measured in the blood or urine. There are major regional, institutional, and international differences in the approach to the biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. For example, at Mayo Clinic, physicians have relied on the 24-h urinary excretion of catecholamines and total metanephrines for more than 2 decades (9, 10). If the baseline 24-h urinary studies are normal, the study is repeated when the patient is symptomatic (e.g. with a spell). From 1976–1993, Mayo Clinic clinicians performed histamine and glucagon stimulation tests (with measurement of blood pressure and plasma fractionated catecholamines) in 542 patients in whom pheochromocytoma was highly suspected despite normal 24-h urinary catecholamine or total metanephrine excretion; none of these patients had a positive stimulation test in this setting (11). Thus, we did not find the addition of histamine and glucagon stimulation tests helpful after 24-h urinary testing. The most recent addition to the biochemical testing armamentarium is fractionated plasma free metanephrines, a test proposed to be the superior to urinary testing by some investigators (12, 13). Herein, we focus on the biochemical tests used to diagnose sporadic adrenal pheochromocytoma. To provide perspective, two datasets from Mayo Clinic are summarized: 1) historical data before the use of fractionated free plasma metanephrines (1978–1996), and 2) current data obtained after the introduction of fractionated free plasma metanephrines (after 1998).
Recent Applications of Bifunctional Trityl Groups (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Systematic Modification of Functionality in Disordered Elastic Networks Through Free Energy Surface Tailoring (2022)

Advances in manufacturing and characterization of complex molecular systems have created a need for new methods for design at molecular length scales. Emerging approaches are increasingly relying on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the training of AI models on large data libraries. This paradigm shift has led to successful applications, but shortcomings related to interpretability and generalizability continue to pose challenges. Here, we explore an alternative paradigm in which AI is combined with physics-based considerations for molecular and materials engineering. Specifically, collective variables, akin to those used in enhanced sampled simulations, are constructed using a machine learning (ML) model trained on data gathered from a single system. Through the ML-constructed collective variables, it becomes possible to identify critical molecular interactions in the system of interest, the modulation of which enables a systematic tailoring of the system's free energy landscape. To explore the efficacy of the proposed approach, we use it to engineer allosteric regulation, and uniaxial strain fluctuations in a complex disordered elastic network. Its successful application in these two cases provides insights regarding how functionality is governed in systems characterized by extensive connectivity, and points to its potential for design of complex molecular systems.
Removal and Effect of Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Heterotrophic Bacteria Enriched Wastewater Treatment Reactors (2010)

Removal and Effect of Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Heterotrophic Bacteria Enriched Wastewater Treatment Reactors Author(s)Yifei WangPaul WesterhoffKiril D. HristovskiBruce RittmmannSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 20: NanomaterialsDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2010ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20100101)2010:17L.906;1-DOI10.2175/193864710798157950Volume / Issue2010 / 17Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)906 - 907Copyright2010Word count17