gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of Giardia lamblia and Giardia canis cysts by combined and free chlorine (1988)

Free chlorine and a combined organic N-chloramine (3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, compound 1) were compared for efficacy as disinfectants against an admixture of cysts of Giardia lamblia and Giardia canis in water solution under a variety of test conditions; variables were pH, temperature, and water quality. In general, compound 1 was found to reduce the giardial excystation in the solutions at lower concentration or shorter contact time at a given total chlorine concentration than did free chlorine.
Overcoming I/O bottleneck in superconducting quantum computing: multiplexed qubit control with ultra-low-power, base-temperature cryo-CMOS multiplexer (2022)

Large-scale superconducting quantum computing systems entail high-fidelity control and readout of large numbers of qubits at millikelvin temperatures, resulting in a massive input-output bottleneck. Cryo-electronics, based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, may offer a scalable and versatile solution to overcome this bottleneck. However, detrimental effects due to cross-coupling between the electronic and thermal noise generated during cryo-electronics operation and the qubits need to be avoided. Here we present an ultra-low power radio-frequency (RF) multiplexing cryo-electronics solution operating below 15 mK that allows for control and interfacing of superconducting qubits with minimal cross-coupling. We benchmark its performance by interfacing it with a superconducting qubit and observe that the qubit's relaxation times ($T_1$) are unaffected, while the coherence times ($T_2$) are only minimally affected in both static and dynamic operation. Using the multiplexer, single qubit gate fidelities above 99.9%, i.e., well above the threshold for surface-code based quantum error-correction, can be achieved with appropriate thermal filtering. In addition, we demonstrate the capability of time-division-multiplexed qubit control by dynamically windowing calibrated qubit control pulses. Our results show that cryo-CMOS multiplexers could be used to significantly reduce the wiring resources for large-scale qubit device characterization, large-scale quantum processor control and quantum error correction protocols.
The phenotype/genotype relation and the current status of genetic screening in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Marfan syndrome, and the long QT syndrome. (1997)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Marfan syn- drome, and the long QT syndrome are all autosomal disorders inherited in a dominant manner; affected individuals are heterozygous, that is they have one normal and one mutant copy of the gene but not all the gene carriers are symptomatic. This failure to express fully the expected phenotype is traditionally known as incomplete penetrance.
Pairing electrostatic levitation with triboelectric transduction for high-performance self-powered MEMS sensors and actuators (2019)

We demonstrate that an electrostatic levitation microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switch can be operated by applying mechanical pressure to a triboelectric generator. The toggling mechanism of the switch draws no current but requires a high actuating voltage, while the generator can supply a high voltage but only produces microwatts of power. The synergistic combination results in an entirely self-powered sensor and switch; the normally closed MEMS switch can be toggled open by applying a threshold force to the generator without the need for any outside power or supplementary circuitry. A model of the MEMS switch and electrostatic force is validated with experimental data. An output voltage vs input force relationship for the generator is experimentally extracted.
Conjugated-Polymer Photonic Crystals (2000)

Three-dimensional photonic crystals made from an organic semiconductor—poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV)—are studied here. Their synthesis (via colloidal assembly), physical appearance, and optical properties are investigated. The Figure shows optical micrographs of a polished PPV photonic crystal under ultraviolet (top) and white (bottom) light illumination, indicating fluorescence and optical diffraction, respectively (see also cover).
Treatment of wastewater from a school in a decentralized filtration system by percolation over organic packing media (2011)

Based on results obtained in the laboratory a WWTP composed of a septic tank and an aerated percolating filter packed with organic media was built for a school. The system can treat 18 m3 d(-1) and was operated with a hydraulic loading rate of 0.078 (m3 m(-2) d(-1). For 360 days different operational conditions including start-up; stabilization; operation with aeration and non aeration; effect of rainy season, breaks from activities due to holidays and restart; were monitored and described in the article. Once stabilized, the system was able to remove, without the need for mechanical aeration, 97% of BOD5, 71% of COD, 93% of TKN, 11% of PO(4-)-P, 95% of TSS, 96% of VSS, in addition to having a removal efficiency of 4 log units of Faecal Coliforms (FC) and 100% helminthes eggs (HE). With this quality, the treated wastewater can be chlorinated and reused to irrigate green areas and/or in toilets. Although sanitary wastewater has a high concentration of Total-N (250 mg L(-1)) and a C/N ratio of less than 1, the system removed 65% of Total-N. Finally it was observed that after non activity periods, there was neither system failure nor the need to re-stabilize the system.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Studies in Lean and Diet- Induced Obese Mice: An Animal Efficacy Model for 11&#x3B2; -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11&#x3B2; -HSD1) Inhibitors (2011)

Diet-induced obese (DIO) mice have been commonly used as an animal model in the efficacy assessment for new drug candidates. Although high-fat feeding has been reported to cause profound physiological changes, including the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes, limited studies have been reported regarding the effect of obesity/diabetes on pharmacokinetics (PK) in animals. In this study, we investigated PK profiles of three 11 -HSD-1 inhibitors in the DIO mice and compared them to the normal lean mice. After oral administration, the in vivo exposure (AUC) of all three compounds was higher in DIO mice, which was consistent with the observed lower systemic clearance (CL) in DIO mice compared to lean mice. As illustrated by Compound E, a compound metabolized predominantly by CYP3A and 2C, the metabolic profiles for Compound E were qualitatively similar between DIO and lean mice, but quantitatively lower in the DIO mice. Indeed, P-450 activities for CYP3A and 2C as well as 2D were found to be lower in liver microsomes prepared from DIO mice. The calculated hepatic clearance (CLH) from in vitro studies with liver microsomes correlated well with the observed in vivo clearance for both DIO and lean mice. The calculated oral bioavailability (F%) based on intrinsic hepatic clearance (C(LH, int)) predicted ~3 fold increase in F% for the DIO mice, which was comparable to the observed value. Collectively, these data suggest that the higher F% is most likely due to the lower first-pass effect in DIO mice. This study highlights the needs to take caution when extrapolating PK and exposure data from healthy animals to diseased animals in designing pharmacological studies.
332: Effective graft-versus-leukemia responses are associated with the presence of nucleic acid-immunoglobulin complexes that stimulate toll-like receptors (TLR) 8 and 9 (2007)

In patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who demonstrated effective graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) responses after DLI without clinically significant GvHD, we previously identified a panel of CML-associated antigens that are targets of antibodies present in post-DLI sera. To gain insight into the possible mechanisms of immunogenicity of our GvL-associated target antigens, we surveyed previously known cellular functions of our entire panel of identified antigens, and observed that ∼70% are nucleic acid binding proteins, thus predicting that sera from DLI responders may contain nucleic-acid containing activities that stimulate immunity. Indeed, 5 of 6 post-DLI sera, but not pre-DLI sera, induced a 3 to 50-fold increase in the expression of MIP-1alpha, TNF-alpha, IP-10 and IFN-alpha transcripts in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Cytokines were also not induced by sera from 3 of 3 DLI non-responders or 3 of 3 CML patients who achieved molecular remission after imatinib treatment. This endogenous immunostimulatory factor required both nucleic acid and protein for its adjuvant activity as pretreatment of post-DLI sera with DNase, RNase, papain or pepsin resulted in marked decrease in cytokine induction. To test for the role of distinct TLRs in this response, HEK transfectants expressing TLR3, 4, 8 or 9 were exposed to sera collected 6-12 months after DLI. IL-8 expression increased only in the TLR8 and TLR9-expressing cell lines that are known to be responsive to RNA and DNA respectively. IL-8 expression was further induced by post-DLI sera in TLR9-expressing cell lines co-transfected with CD32, suggesting that internalization by FcR may enhance delivery of nucleic acids to endosomal TLR8/9. None of the transfectants could be activated by pre-DLI sera, nor by post-DLI sera from non-responders. Finally, sera from responders collected as early as 2 weeks after DLI consistently activated TLR8 and 9 suggesting that endogenous TLR8/9 activation may contribute to the early immunologic events involved in effective DLI responses. Taken together, these studies demonstrate for the first time that effective tumor immunity is correlated with the presence of endogenous adjuvant-like nucleic-acid-immunoglobulin complexes in patient sera. Ongoing studies are focused on studying the immunologic effects of this endogenous adjuvant and determining which of our previously identified CML antigens are bound to nucleic acids that activate TLR8 and TLR9.
Safe and Adaptive Decision-Making for Optimization of Safety-Critical Systems: The ARTEO Algorithm (2022)

We consider the problem of decision-making under uncertainty in an environment with safety constraints. Many business and industrial applications rely on real-time optimization to improve key performance indicators. In the case of unknown characteristics, real-time optimization becomes challenging, particularly because of the satisfaction of safety constraints. We propose the ARTEO algorithm, where we cast multi-armed bandits as a mathematical programming problem subject to safety constraints and learn the unknown characteristics through exploration while optimizing the targets. We quantify the uncertainty in unknown characteristics by using Gaussian processes and incorporate it into the cost function as a contribution which drives exploration. We adaptively control the size of this contribution in accordance with the requirements of the environment. We guarantee the safety of our algorithm with a high probability through confidence bounds constructed under the regularity assumptions of Gaussian processes. We demonstrate the safety and efficiency of our approach with two case studies: optimization of electric motor current and real-time bidding problems. We further evaluate the performance of ARTEO compared to a safe variant of upper confidence bound based algorithms. ARTEO achieves less cumulative regret with accurate and safe decisions.
Rate Splitting Multiple Access for Multi-Antenna Multi-Carrier Joint\n Communications and Jamming (2021)

Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) is a robust multiple access scheme for\ndownlink multi-antenna wireless networks. In this work, we investigate a novel\napplication of RSMA for joint communications and jamming with a Multi-Carrier\n(MC) waveform in Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) Broadcast Channel (BC).\nOur aim is to simultaneously communicate with Information Users (IU) and jam\nAdversarial Users (AU) to disrupt their communications in a setting where all\nusers perform broadband communications by MC waveforms in their respective\nnetworks. We consider the practical setting of imperfect CSI at transmitter\n(CSIT) for the IUs and statistical CSIT for AUs. The optimal information and\njamming precoders are designed to maximize the sum-rate under jamming power\nconstraints on the pilot subcarriers of AUs, a jamming method considered to be\namong the most destructive methods for MC waveforms under the considered system\nmodel. We compare the sum-rate performance of RSMA and Space Division Multiple\nAccess (SDMA) schemes by numerical results to demonstrate that RSMA achieves a\nsignificant sum-rate gain compared to SDMA.\n
Re-Renewing: The Future of the Council: Presidential Address. Delivered at the Annual Convention of the National Council of Teachers of English, San Francisco, California, November 28, 1963 (1964)

David H. Russell, Re-Renewing: The Future of the Council: Presidential Address. Delivered at the Annual Convention of the National Council of Teachers of English, San Francisco, California, November 28, 1963, The English Journal, Vol. 53, No. 2 (Feb., 1964), pp. 67-72+109
Thin wafer handling and chip to wafer stacking technologies (2013)

The semiconductor industry is facing increased challenges implementing Moore's law. On one hand side, scaling devices is getting increasingly expensive due to the exponential rise in complexity of lithography solutions that are required to support scaling to ever smaller features. On the other hand side, the dimensional gap between the advanced nodes used for the manufacture of future generation electronics devices and on-chip interconnects as compared with the dimensions offered by organic substrates and circuit boards is widening. This is referred to as the “interconnect gap”, [8] which limits the performance that future generation devices may deliver when integrated in end products such as Smart Phones, Tablet Computers and Laptops or high performance stationary computers. In high performance computing, this limitation manifests itself mainly in lack of bandwidth for communication between processor and memory, while in mobile computing applications, this effect is both a bandwidth limitation combined with excessive power used for memory operations. Due to the limited battery capacities available for mobile devices, this limitation will effectively limit adding further functionality to such portable devices in an effort to maintain acceptable battery life.
Diagnostik und Therapie oberer gastrointestinaler Blutungen (2015)

Akute Blutungen variieren in ihrer Symptomatik und Ätiologie oft sehr und stellen den behandelnden Arzt nicht selten vor eine diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung. Insbesondere die häufige und zum Teil fulminant verlaufende obere gastrointestinale Blutung (OGIB) bedarf einer zielgerichteten Diagnostik und Therapie. Hierbei richtet sich der Fokus auf einen initial-konservativen bzw. endoskopisch- interventionellen Behandlungsalgorithmus, der im Verlauf oder aufgrund der Grunderkrankung um ein chirurgisches Vorgehen ergänzt werden kann.
Biosynthesis of the Monoterpenes Limonene and Carvone in the Fruit of Caraway1 (1998)

The biosynthesis of the monoterpenes limonene and carvone in the fruit of caraway (Carum carvi L.) proceeds from geranyl diphosphate via a three-step pathway. First, geranyl diphosphate is cyclized to (+)-limonene by a monoterpene synthase. Second, this intermediate is stored in the essential oil ducts without further metabolism or is converted by limonene-6-hydroxylase to (+)-trans-carveol. Third, (+)-trans-carveol is oxidized by a dehydrogenase to (+)-carvone. To investigate the regulation of monoterpene formation in caraway, we measured the time course of limonene and carvone accumulation during fruit development and compared it with monoterpene biosynthesis from [U-14C]Suc and the changes in the activities of the three enzymes. The activities of the enzymes explain the profiles of monoterpene accumulation quite well, with limonene-6-hydroxylase playing a pivotal role in controlling the nature of the end product. In the youngest stages, when limonene-6-hydroxylase is undetectable, only limonene was accumulating in appreciable levels. The appearance of limonene-6-hydroxylase correlates closely with the onset of carvone accumulation. At later stages of fruit development, the activities of all three enzymes declined to low levels. Although this correlates closely with a decrease in monoterpene accumulation, the latter may also be the result of competition with other pathways for substrate.
Cyclotron radiation losses in subcompact tori (1980)

Subcompact tori such as the field reversed mirror (FRM) have a relatively large surface to volume ratio. This has raised concern that in advanced fuel devices cyclotron losses could prevent their viability as reactors. Indeed the cyclotron radiation produced is several times the fusion power. However, due to reabsorption in the FRM plasma, it turns out that less than 7% of the cyclotron radiation produced escapes the plasma. Then when reflection from the first wall is included, net losses are reduced further to < 3 despite a 10% hole fraction in the wall for injector ports. Finally, a global model studies of the FRM show that even if the cyclotron loss rates are four times that predicted, the reactor energy balance remains viable.
Launch power optimization co-operated with digital nonlinear compensator for elastic optical network (2015)

We propose an individual channel launch power control method co-operated with nonlinear compensation in digital signal processing. Its effectiveness is evaluated in a network case study with various distances and modulation formats by numerical simulation.
Dual-Frequency Vertical-External-Cavity Surface Emitting Laser for Terahertz Generation (2013)

International audience
Boosting Punctuation Restoration with Data Generation and Reinforcement Learning (2023)

Punctuation restoration is an important task in automatic speech recognition (ASR) which aim to restore the syntactic structure of generated ASR texts to improve readability. While punctuated texts are abundant from written documents, the discrepancy between written punctuated texts and ASR texts limits the usability of written texts in training punctuation restoration systems for ASR texts. This paper proposes a reinforcement learning method to exploit in-topic written texts and recent advances in large pre-trained generative language models to bridge this gap. The experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on the ASR test set on two benchmark datasets for punctuation restoration.
Bit error probability simulation for RZ-coded free space laser links (2003)

Degradations in the performance of any communication system can be attributed to noise or to intersymbol interference (ISI). In an optical receiver, noise contributions can either be signal-independent (e.g. electrical noise) or signal-dependent (e.g. beat noise between signal and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), if optical preamplification is employed). Since there is no signal dispersion along the transmission tunnel in case of optical free space communication, ISI is introduced solely by bandwidth limitations within the receiver, especially if receiver bandwidths of the order of 0.5 times the data rate or less are considered. Because of ISI, reliable analytical calculations of bit error probability (BEP) are problematic in general.
Experimental evidence for the flatband voltage shift of high-k metal-oxide-semiconductor devices due to the dipole formation at the high-k∕SiO2 interface (2008)

We have examined an origin of the flatband voltage (VFB) shift in metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors by employing bilayer high-k gate dielectrics consisting of HfO2 and Al2O3 on the interfacial SiO2 layer. We found that the high-k∕SiO2 interface affects the VFB shift through an electrical dipole layer formation at its interface, regardless of the gate electrode materials. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the VFB shift in the metal/high-k gate stack is determined only by the dipole at high-k∕SiO2 interface, while for the Si-based gate it is determined by both gate/high-k and high-k∕SiO2 interfaces.
FPGA Acceleration for Computationally Efficient Symbol-Level Precoding in Multi-User Multi-Antenna Communication Systems (2019)

In this paper, we demonstrate an FPGA-accelerated design of the computationally efficient symbol-level precoding (SLP) for high-throughput communication systems. The SLP technique recalculates the optimal beam-forming vectors by solving a non-negative least squares problem per every set of transmitted symbols. It exploits the advantages of constructive inter-user interference to minimize the total transmitted power and increase service availability. The benefits of using SLP come with a substantially increased computational load at the gateway. The FPGA design enables the SLP technique to perform in real-time operation mode and provide a high symbol throughput for the multiple receive terminals. We define the SLP technique in a closed-form algorithmic expression and translate it to hardware description language (HDL) and build an optimized HDL core for an FPGA. We evaluate the FPGA resource occupation, which is required for the high throughput multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems with sizeable dimensions. We describe the algorithmic code, the I/O ports mapping, and the functional behavior of the HDL core. We deploy the IP core to an actual FPGA unit and benchmark the energy efficiency performance of the SLP. The synthetic tests demonstrate a fair energy efficiency improvement of the proposed closed-form algorithm compared to the best results obtained through the MATLAB numerical simulations.
High Hamstring Tendinopathy: MRI and Ultrasound Imaging and Therapeutic Efficacy of Percutaneous Corticosteroid Injection (2010)

MRI is more sensitive than ultrasound in detecting peritendinous edema and tendinopathy at the proximal hamstring origin. Fifty percent of patients had symptomatic improvement lasting longer than 1 month after percutaneous corticosteroid injection, and 24% of patients had symptom relief for more than 6 months.
A Literature Review of the Numerical Analysis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Treated with Endovascular Stent Grafts (2012)

The purpose of this paper is to present the basic principles and relevant advances in the computational modeling of abdominal aortic aneurysms and endovascular aneurysm repair, providing the community with up-to-date state of the art in terms of numerical analysis and biomechanics. Frameworks describing the mechanical behavior of the aortic wall already exist. However, intraluminal thrombus nonhomogeneous structure and porosity still need to be well characterized. Also, although the morphology and mechanical properties of calcifications have been investigated, their effects on wall stresses remain controversial. Computational fluid dynamics usually assumes a rigid artery wall, whereas fluid-structure interaction accounts for artery compliance but is still challenging since arteries and blood have similar densities. We discuss alternatives to fluid-structure interaction based on dynamic medical images that address patient-specific hemodynamics and geometries. We describe initial stresses, elastic boundary conditions, and statistical strength for rupture risk assessment. Special emphasis is accorded to workflow development, from the conversion of medical images into finite element models, to the simulation of catheter-aorta interactions and stent-graft deployment. Our purpose is also to elaborate the key ingredients leading to virtual stenting and endovascular repair planning that could improve the procedure and stent-grafts.