gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nerve growth factor increases the cyclic GMP level and activates the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase in PC12 cells (1988)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) rapidly increases the cyclic GMP (cGMP) level about 2-3-fold and enhances the cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity about 2-fold in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. No changes in the level of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and in the activity of cAMP PDE were found. GTP and a nonhydrolysable analog of GTP, GMP-PCP, at 100 microM, were able to mimic the effect of NGF on the cGMP PDE activity. These results suggest that the cGMP system may be one of the second messengers of NGF action in PC12 cells.
Investigation of coupled surface and bulk reaction phenomena using Combined-Backscatter-Conversion electron and backscatter-photon Mossbauer spectroscopy (CEAPS) (1988)

Abstract : A combined-backscatter-conversion electron and backscatter-photon Mossbauer spectrometer has been constructed and used in conjunction with new theoretical modeling efforts to examine a number of thin-film system. The spectrometer permits nondestructive depth-profiling from the topmost monolayer to as deep as 20 microns into the bulk and is ideal for examining the chemistry which occurs at buried-interfaces. Systems investigated include: (i) iron overlayers on mos2, (ii) FeTi-hydrides, (iii) Pd-coated FeTi-hydrides, (iv) ion- mixed FeSn interfaces and (v) atomic oxygen protective coatings on iron containing substrates. Results of these studies provide (i) adhesion, reaction and intercalation mechanisms of MoS2 on iron substrates, (ii) deactivation mechanisms for FeTi materials, (iii) protection of FeTi materials by Pd- overlayers, (iv) phase behavior, depth and compounds formed after ion beam mixing FeSn interfaces and (v) oxidation rates for FeAg substrates below Sio2 overlayers exposed to atomic oxygen. Keywords; Iron, Tin, Molybdenum disulfide, Iron molybdenum sulfide, Conversion electron; Depth profile; Nondestructive; Thin film.
The Science of Extracorporeal Ultrafiltration: Introducing a Novel Miniaturized Device (2023)

This novel device allows to treat patients with fluid overload in a variety of settings, from low-intensity department such as long-term care facilities to the intensive care unit. The device is small and portable, has a simple design, and is user friendly. Future studies will be needed to evaluate whether gentle UF and treatment of volume overload will translate into improvement in clinical outcomes such as a reduction in congestion-related hospital admissions.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of All Four Cytoxazone Stereoisomers (2001)

Racemic cytoxazone (±-5) was synthesized starting from easily available glycidic ester (±)-1 by nucleophilic epoxide ring opening, followed by 2-oxazolidinone ring construction and calcium chloride/sodium borohydride reduction of the intermediary ester (±)-4. Kinetic resolution of (±)-5 performed by acetylation with vinyl acetate catalyzed by Penicillium camemberti lipase (PcamL) afforded, on hydrolysis of acetate (-)-6, cytoxazone (-)-5 in 33% overall yield and 88.2% enantiomeric excess (ee), and its enantiomer (+)-5 (38% yield, 89.3% ee). Base-catalyzed epimerization of intermediary (±)-4 to (±)-7, and reduction and kinetic resolution with Candida antarctica lipase (CAL) led to epi-cytoxazones (-)-8 and (+)-8.
Dual Stack Hosts using the "Bump-In-the-Stack" Technique (BIS) (2000)

In the especially initial stage of the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, it is hard to provide a complete set of IPv6 applications.This memo proposes a mechanism of dual stack hosts using the technique called "Bump-in-the-Stack" in the IP security area.The mechanism allows the hosts to communicate with other IPv6 hosts using existing IPv4 applications.This memo proposes a mechanism of dual stack hosts using the technique called "Bump-in-the-Stack" [BUMP] in the IP security area.The technique inserts modules, which snoop data flowing between a TCP/IPv4 module and network card driver modules and translate IPv4 into IPv6 and vice versa, into the hosts, and makes them selftranslators.When they communicate with the other IPv6 hosts, pooled IPv4 addresses are assigned to the IPv6 hosts internally, but the IPv4 addresses never flow out from them.Moreover, since the assignment is automatically carried out using DNS protocol, users do Tsuchiya, et al.Informational [Page 1] RFC 2767 Dual Stack Hosts using BIS February 2000 not need to know whether target hosts are IPv6 ones.That is, this allows them to communicate with other IPv6 hosts using existing IPv4 applications; thus it seems as if they were dual stack hosts with applications for both IPv4 and IPv6.So they can expand the territory of dual stack hosts.Furthermore they can co-exist with other translators because their roles are different.This memo uses the words defined in [IPV4], [IPV6], and [TRANS-MECH].2. Components Dual stack hosts defined in RFC1933 [TRANS-MECH] need applications, TCP/IP modules and addresses for both IPv4 and IPv6.The proposed hosts in this memo have 3 modules instead of IPv6 applications, and communicate with other IPv6 hosts using IPv4 applications.They are a translator, an extension name resolver and an address mapper.Figure 1 illustrates the structure of the host in which they are installed.
Low-Complexity Sphere Decoding for Polar-Coded MIMO Systems (2023)

For polar-coded MIMO systems, separate detection and decoding (SDD) is the traditional scheme. In SDD systems, sphere decoding (SD) is one of the competitive MIMO detection schemes. However, SD may not utilize the coding information sufficiently in SDD systems, causing an error-correction performance loss. The existed joint detection and decoding using breadth-first SD (BSD) improves the performance than SDD, whereas the limited search space still causes a performance loss. In this paper, we propose joint detection and decoding based on SD (SD JDD) for polar-coded MIMO systems to reach maximum likelihood (ML) bound. Subsequently, two approaches are further proposed to reduce the computational complexity. The first approach reduces the layers of the SD search tree by exploiting symbol synchro sets, which could accelerate the convergence of SD JDD. The second efficient approach performs multiple tree searches. A small initial radius of the sphere for the first search is assigned to reduce the search space. The ML optimality could be preserved by the following multiple tree searches with increasing radius. It is shown from the numerical results that the proposed JDD outperforms SDD by 3.1 dB at FER <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$=10^{-3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {P}(64, 32)$</tex-math></inline-formula> polar-coded <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times {4}$</tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO system with 16-QAM modulation. Furthermore, compared with BSD JDD, the proposed JDD has an average computational complexity reduction of up to an order of magnitude at high signal-to-noise ratios while achieving even better performance for short code lengths.
Biological Efficacy Evaluation of a Non-Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler for Biomedical Application in Inflammatory Scalp Conditions (2021)

(1) Background: The dysbiosis of some cutaneous commensal microorganisms is the trigger factor for the activation of the inflammatory cascade by keratinocytes in many skin disorders. Mesotherapy is an innovative technique for many scalp disorders, with the function of restoring the physiology of the skin. (2) Methods: the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory activity of the non-cross-linked HA formulation (Hydro Deluxe, Matex Lab S.p.a., Brindisi, Italy) was investigated against the most common microorganisms of the scalp (<i>Staphyloccoccus epidermis, Staphyloccoccus aureus, Cutibacterium acnes</i> and <i>Malassezia furfur).</i> Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on an internal 3D model of Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE) inserts infected with the strains as pro-inflammatory stimulus. (3) Results and Conclusions: the data collected showed a good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against all selected strains. The HA-based formulation did not show cytotoxicity on RHE, either alone or in presence of the infectious stimulus. The analysis of the expression of Interleukin (IL)-8 levels showed an excellent ability to reduce this pro-inflammatory marker. Overall, the efficacy assessment of the formulation supported its potential effectiveness in mesotherapy for the treatment of scalp disorders.
Chiral Rhodium Complexes Derived From Electron-Rich Phosphine-Phosphites as Asymmetric Hydrogenation Catalysts (2011)

Two new chiral cationic rhodium(I) complexes derived from electron-rich dicyclohexylphosphine-phosphite ligands were prepared from enantiopure Sharpless epoxy ethers. The best-performing catalyst system, which bears a less bulky methyl ether moiety, exhibited remarkably high enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee) and reactivity (up to >2500 TON) in asymmetric hydrogenation reactions of various functionalized alkenes (α-(acylamino)acrylates, itaconic acid derivatives, α-substituted enol esters and α-arylenamides). Our synthetic methodology has been successfully applied to the enantioselective synthesis of the antiepileptic drug (R)-lacosamide (Vimpat).
Conformational Analysis, RIS Models and Single-Chain Properties of Structurally Modified Polycarbonates, 1. Effect of Cyclohexyl and Phenyl Ring Substitutions (2002)

Conformational properties of segments and chains of structurally different polycarbonates are investigated in detail. Conformational analysis and rotational isomeric state (RIS) models for some of the polycarbonates and single-chain properties of all the polycarbonates are reported here for the first time. Substitution of the methyl group on the bisphenol phenyl rings results in increased energy barriers to rotations as well as changes in positions of local minima, compared to the case without substitutions. Conformational structure about the isopropylidene linkage Cα atom is not altered by ortho methyl substitutions on the rings. Substitution by a cyclohexyl ring rigidly attached to the Cα atom restricts conformational mobility within the bisphenol unit. Rotational flexibility of the phenyl–oxygen bond is hindered by additional substitutions on the cyclohexyl ring. The carbonate group prefers the trans–trans conformation in all the polycarbonates. The energy difference between the cis–trans and trans–trans states of the carbonate group is lowered by the ortho methyl substituent on the phenyl rings. There is a reduction in 〈R2〉, 〈S2〉, and Cn accompanying the substitutions. The introduction of other substituents on a cyclohexyl polycarbonate results in an increase in all chain dimensions including the persistence length. Also, the cyclohexyl or trimethylcyclohexyl substituents do not significantly alter the overall average shape of the chains. Substitutions both on the phenyl rings and at the isopropylidene linkage lead to a compaction of the polymer chain, but the effect is more pronounced when due to substituents on phenyl rings.
Kinking Nonlinear Elastic Solids, Nanoindentations and Geology (2004)

The physical mechanism responsible for nonlinear elastic, hysteretic, and discrete memory response of nonlinear mesoscopic elastic solids has to date not been identified. We show, by nanoindenting mica single crystals, that this response is most likely due to the formation of dissipative and fully reversible, dislocation-based kink bands. We further claim that solids with high c/a ratios, which per force are plastically anisotropic, should deform by kinking, provided they do not twin. These kinking nonlinear elastic solids include layered ternary carbides, nitrides, oxides, and semiconductors, graphite, and the layered phases, such as mica, present in nonlinear mesoscopic elastic solids.
Anomalous Capacitance Maximum of the Glassy Carbon–Ionic Liquid Interface through Dilution with Organic Solvents (2015)

We use electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to measure the effect of diluting a hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquid with miscible organic solvents on the differential capacitance of the glassy carbon-electrolyte interface. We show that the minimum differential capacitance increases with dilution and reaches a maximum value at ionic liquid contents near 5-10 mol% (i.e., ∼1 M). We provide evidence that mixtures with 1,2-dichloroethane, a low-dielectric constant solvent, yield the largest gains in capacitance near the open circuit potential when compared against two traditional solvents, acetonitrile and propylene carbonate. To provide a fundamental basis for these observations, we use a coarse-grained model to relate structural variations at the double layer to the occurrence of the maximum. Our results reveal the potential for the enhancement of double-layer capacitance through dilution.
Leveraging Openstudio’s Application Programming Interfaces (2013)

OpenStudio development efforts have focused on providing application programming interfaces (APIs) that enable users to extend OpenStudio without compiling the open source libraries. This paper discusses the basic purposes and functionalities of the core libraries that have been wrapped with APIs, including the building model, results processing, advanced analysis, uncertainty quantification, and data interoperability through translators. Several building energy modeling applications have been produced using OpenStudio’s API and software development kits, including the U.S. Department of Energy’s Asset Score calculator, a mobile-based audit tool, an energy design assistance reporting protocol, and a portfolio-scale incentive optimization analysis application. This paper discusses each application briefly and describes how the APIs were leveraged for various uses, including high-level modeling, data transformations from detailed building audits, error checking and quality assurance of models, and high-performance computing for mass simulations.
From biomass to biorefineries: the dream of a caramel like by-product to became smart material (2015)

International audience
PERFORMANCE OF NEAR-MISCIBLE GAS AND SWAG INJECTION IN A MIXED-WET CORE (2007)

Oil recovery from mature waterflood can be enhanced by combined injection of water and gas in an alternating (WAG) or simultaneous (SWAG) scheme. However, less experience has been gained on the performance of WAG and SWAG in mixed-wet systems with low gas-oil IFT. We present results of a series of high-pressure displacement tests in a mixed-wet sandstone core. We demonstrate that In near-miscible continuous gas injection, unlike immiscible gas injection, the oil recovery continues at a significant rate after the main gas breakthrough and nearly total oil recovery can be achieved. The results of near-miscible SWAG injection experiments that we have performed with different SWAG (gas/water volumetric) ratios are also presented and discussed. Comparison of oil recovery by water injection, continuous gas injection and SWAG injection shows that oil recovery due to SWAG is the highest, in this mixed-wet core.
Effective Rate of RIS-aided Networks with Location and Phase Estimation Uncertainty (2021)

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) are planar structures connected to electronic circuitry, which can be employed to steer the electromagnetic signals in a controlled manner. Through this, the signal quality and the effective data rate can be substantially improved. While the benefits of RIS-assisted wireless communications have been investigated for various scenarios, some aspects of the network design, such as coverage, optimal placement of RIS, etc., often require complex optimization and numerical simulations, since the achievable effective rate is difficult to predict. This problem becomes even more difficult in the presence of phase estimation errors or location uncertainty, which can lead to substantial performance degradation if neglected. Considering randomly distributed receivers within a ring-shaped RIS-assisted wireless network, this paper mainly investigates the effective rate by taking into account the above-mentioned impairments. Furthermore, exact closed-form expressions for the effective rate are derived in terms of Meijer's $G$-function, which (i) reveals that the location and phase estimation uncertainty should be well considered in the deployment of RIS in wireless networks; and (ii) facilitates future network design and performance prediction.
Tomographic Plasmon Spectroscopy of a Single Gold Nanoparticle (2004)

We demonstrate a tomographic method for determining the degree of ellipticity and the orientation of a gold nanoparticle. To do this, we attach a single nanoparticle to the end of a sharp glass fiber tip and record its plasmon spectra for different incident polarizations and angles of incidence. Our measurements allow us to identify the plasmon spectra along the three main axes of the particle, therefore resolving its “internal” spectral inhomogeneity. Knowledge of the plasmon resonances and the orientation of a metallic nanoparticle is an important asset for controlled and quantitative studies of its interaction with a single molecule.
Abstract 5554: Preclinical characterization of GSK532, a novel STING agonist with potent anti-tumor activity (2018)

Abstract The cGAS-STING pathway is the major cytosolic DNA sensing pathway to induce downstream innate immune responses against viral infection as well as tumorigenesis. Recently it has been demonstrated that cGAS-STING pathway takes central stage in the immune sensing of tumor. STING activation induces the production of type I interferons (IFNα and β) and pro-inflammatory cytokines that collectively stimulate tumor antigen cross presentation to CD8 T cells and primes the adaptive immune response against tumor. In order to evaluate the potential of STING agonism to activate the anti-tumor immune response, we developed GSK532, a novel cyclic dinucleotide (CDN). Unlike cGAMP, the endogenous CDN ligand for STING, GSK532 potently activates STING both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro functional assays demonstrated the ability of GSK532 to induce cytokine responses in a panel of human PBMC samples with various STING haplotypes. Furthermore, GSK532 was shown to activate STING orthologs from preclinical species including cyno, minipig, dog, rat and mice. GSK532 demonstrated high stability in human whole blood with minimal degradation observed over 52 hrs. When dosed intratumorally, GSK532 induced a strong anti-tumor effect in the CT26 murine syngeneic model in both the injected (primary) and uninjected (distal) tumors. The cured mice were resistant to rechallenge with same tumor cell line indicating the involvement of an adaptive immune response. Further evidence of the development of anti-tumor adaptive immune response comes from the observation that the efficacy of GSK532 was significantly attenuated when CD8+ T cells were depleted in the murine model. Consistent with the anti-tumor efficacy, pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated high exposure and long retention of GSK532 in both injected and distal tumors and pharmacodynamic studies showed induction of IFNβ and several inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, etc) in both tumors. Currently, GSK532 is being progressed towards clinical investigation. All studies were conducted in accordance with the GSK Policy on the Care, Welfare and Treatment of Laboratory Animals and were reviewed the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee either at GSK or by the ethical review process at the institution where the work was performed. Citation Format: Jingsong Yang, Michael Adam, Jim Clemens, Katrina Creech, Jess Schneck, Kishore Pasikanti, Jean-Luc Tran, Devika Joglekar, Chris Hopson, Scott Pesiridis, Joshi Ramanjulu, Yiqian Lian, Jerry L. Adams, James Smothers, Axel Hoos. Preclinical characterization of GSK532, a novel STING agonist with potent anti-tumor activity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5554.
Insulin‐like growth factor 2 hypomethylation of blood leukocyte DNA is associated with gastric cancer risk (2012)

To determine whether or not the methylation status of blood leukocyte DNA can be used as a surrogate marker of the risk for cancer, we quantitatively determined the methylation levels of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and TUSC3 in 299 gastric cancer cases, and 299 age- and gender-matched controls. The IGF2 methylation levels in blood leukocyte DNA of the cases were lower than those of the healthy controls and there was a significant trend of increasing gastric cancer risk with decreasing methylation level of IGF2. Patients with hypermethylated IGF2 in blood leukocyte DNA showed a significantly better survival rate than those with hypomethylated IGF2, indicating that the IGF2 methylation level in blood leukocyte DNA can be a possible marker not only of the risk for but also of the prognosis of gastric cancer. In contrast, the TUSC3 methylation level in blood leukocyte DNA was higher in the cases than in the healthy controls, but the difference was not significant. The past lifestyle and clinicopathological characteristics of the participants were analyzed for any relationship with the methylation level. With aging and smoking, methylation of IGF2 and TUSC3 decreased and increased in blood leukocyte DNA, respectively. These results indicate that the methylation level of IGF2 in blood leukocyte DNA may be used as an important surrogate marker of the risk for gastric cancer.
Differences in biomarkers and molecular pathways according to age for patients with HFrEF (2020)

In elderly HFrEF patients, pathways associated with extra-cellular matrix organization, inflammatory processes, and tumour cell regulation were activated, while pathways associated with tumour proliferation functions were down-regulated. These findings may help in a better understanding of the ageing processes in HFrEF and identify potential therapeutic targets.
Spectrally encoded photoacoustic microscopy using a digital mirror device (2012)

We have developed spectrally encoded photoacoustic microscopy using a digital mirror device for multi-wavelength tomography, which enables fast spectral imaging of optical absorption. The optical illumination wavelengths are multiplexed at a laser pulse repetition rate of ≈ 2 kHz. Liquid samples, whole blood, and blood vessels in mouse ears were imaged. Compared with internal wavelength tuning of a narrow-band laser, external wavelength tuning based on a digital mirror device improves the data acquisition speed of spectral photoacoustic microscopy. Compared with external wavelength scanning of a wide-band laser with the same pulse energy, spectral encoding improves the signal-to-noise ratio.