gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of cell culture time and bone matrix exposure on calmodulin content and ATP dependent cell membrane acid transport in avian osteoclasts and macrophages (1996)

Osteoclasts mediate bone resorption by secretion at the site of bone attachment. This process depends on calmodulin concentrated at a specialized acid-secreting membrane. We hypothesized that increased calmodulin and bone attachment were required for acid secretion. We tested this by studying calmodulin, bone attachment, and membrane acid transport in osteoclasts and their precursor mononuclear cells. Osteoclasts and macrophages were isolated from medullary bone of hens; cell fractions were prepared after culturing cells with or without bone. Calmodulin was visualized by Western analysis; calmodulin mRNA was determined by Northern hybridization, and ATP-dependent membrane acid transport was assayed by acridine orange uptake. Calmodulin decreased in osteoclasts cultured without bone. Calmodulin in isolated macrophages was approximately 25% of osteoclast levels, but increased several fold by 5 days. Bone had no effect. Calmodulin mRNA was similar in osteoclasts with or without bone. However, only osteoclasts cultured with bone retained acid transport capacity. Macrophage calmodulin mRNA was not affected by bone, but increased three fold by day 5, paralleling protein production. Macrophages developed acid transport capacity at 3-5 days, but at lower levels than osteoclasts, and bone had no measurable effect. Chicken cells express 1.6 kb and inducible 1.9 kb calmodulin transcripts; in macrophages and osteoclasts, the 1.9 kb transcript predominated. We conclude that, following isolation, calmodulin levels decline in osteoclasts via a post-transcriptional mechanism. In cultured macrophages, by contrast, calmodulin mRNA, protein, and acid secretion increase with time independently of bone substrate, possibly reflecting differentiation in vitro. Increased calmodulin correlated with membrane acid transport capacity in both cell types. The macrophage findings indicate that stimuli other than bone influence acid transport capacity in this family of cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Structural Investigation of 1,1‐Bis(pentacarbonylmanganio)‐3,4‐dimethylgermacyclopent‐3‐ene and Bis(1‐(tetracarbonylferrio)‐3,4‐dimethylgermacyclopent‐3‐ene): The First Evidence for a Puckered Ground‐State Conformation in Germacyclopent‐3‐enes. (1990)

Abstract (III) crystallizes in P1 with Z=2 and (VI) in P1 with Z=1.
Cavity Phase Measurement via Modulated Impulse Response for Coherent Temporal Pulse Stacking (2018)

We have temporally combined 25 equal-amplitude pulses using four cavities, stabilizing cavity round-trip phase by measuring the response to a probe pulse train. Energy enhancement of 18.4 is maintained within 1% RMS.
Using list-mode data to compare scatter corrections in I-131 imaging (2003)

Gamma camera imaging of I-131 suffers from detection of Compton-scattered events. Many different methods of scatter correction have been proposed for lower-energy radionuclide (e.g., Tc-99m) imaging. Extension of these scatter corrections to I-131 imaging is not obvious and may not be simple, because a significant fraction of the detected scatter is due to gamma rays that have scattered in the camera-head. The authors acquired list-mode data (x, y and E) from a digital gamma camera and rebinned it in different ways to compare five different scatter-correction techniques: lower-window subtraction, upper-window subtraction, upper and lower window subtraction, linear dual photopeak, and nonlinear dual photopeak. A lower, Compton-window subtraction appears most stable, and perhaps best.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
163. POTENTIAL MARKERS FOR THE PROSPECTIVE ISOLATION OF HUMAN ENDOMETRIAL EPITHELIAL STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS (2010)

The human endometrium regenerates each month following menstruation, parturition and in post-menopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy. Adult stem/progenitor cells discovered residing in human and mouse endometrium may be responsible for this regenerative capacity. However, assays used to identify these stem/progenitor cells are retrospective. The aim of this study is to identify surface markers for the prospective isolation of human endometrial epithelial progenitor cells using a panel of 22 antibodies. Flow cytometry and was used in the initial screen and immunohistochemistry was used to reveal the location of marker expression. Multi-colour FACS protocols were developed with promising markers in conjunction with EpCAM (epithelial cell marker) and to exclude endothelial (CD31+), leukocytes (CD45+) and stromal (CD90+) cells. Sorted subpopulations were assessed for clonogenicity and self-renewal activity using in vitro cloning assays. Six antibodies were short-listed. 2D1D12 enriched for progenitor cells that formed epithelial clones in culture (n = 2). The 2D1D12+EpCAM+ fraction produced very few colony-forming units (CFU). 2D1D12–EpCAM+ fraction gave rise to small CFU. However the 2D1D12+EpCAM– population showed the greatest progenitor activity, producing many large CFU that could be serially cloned twice, indicating self renewal activity. This preliminary data suggests that 2D1D12+EpCAM–CD90–CD31–CD45– population may enrich for human endometrial epithelial stem/progenitor cells. Importantly, large CFU have previously been reported to exhibit stem cell properties of self-renewal, differentiation and high proliferative potential (1). Future studies will focus on xenografting this population to assess tissue reconstitution ability in vivo. The identification of endometrial epithelial stem/progenitor cell marker(s) will enable their prospective isolation for further characterisation and will assist in the investigation of their potential role in endometrial proliferative disorders such as endometriosis and endometrial cancer. (1) Gargett CE et al (2009) Biol Reprod 80: 1136–45.
Phase-locked antiguided multiple-core ribbon fiber (2003)

We report on the first experimental demonstration of a scalable fiber laser approach based on phase-locking multiple gain cores in an antiguided structure. A novel fabrication technology is used with soft glass components to construct the multiple core fiber used in our experiments. The waveguide region is rectangular in shape and comprised of a periodic sequence of gain and no-gain segments having nearly uniform refractive index. The rectangular waveguide is itself embedded in a lower refractive index cladding region. Experimental results confirm that our five-core Nd-doped glass prototype structure runs predominately in two spatial antiguided modes as predicted by our modeling.
Disease risks associated with free-ranging wild boar in Saskatchewan. (2015)

This study investigated the disease status of Saskatchewan's feral wild boar population. Whole carcasses, tissue samples, and/or serum from 81 hunter-killed boars from Saskatchewan were submitted to the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (CWHC) between 2009 and 2014. Serological tests were negative for PRRS, H1N1, and H3N2 swine influenza, PCV-2, and TGE/PRCV in 22/22 boars and for Toxoplasma gondii and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in 20/20 boars. Of 20 boars whose sera were tested 20 were positive for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, with 7 positive for, among other strains, serotype 14; 16 were positive for Lawsonia intracellularis, 1 was positive and 6 were suspicious for Salmonella spp. Polymerase chain reaction tests were negative for PRRS and PCV2 in 58/58 boars and positive for Torque teno virus in 1/8 boars. Digestion assays were negative for Trichinella spp. in 22/22 boars. The high seroprevalence of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 14 is noteworthy as this serotype has not been previously reported in North America.
Grating-coupled silicon-on-sapphire integrated slot waveguides operating at mid-infrared wavelengths (2014)

We demonstrate subwavelength bidirectional grating (SWG) coupled slot waveguide fabricated in silicon-on-sapphire for transverse electric polarized wave operation at 3.4 μm wavelength. Coupling efficiency of 29% for SWG coupler is experimentally achieved. Propagation loss of 11 dB/cm has been experimentally obtained for slot waveguides. Two-step taper mode converters with an insertion loss of 0.13 dB are used to gradually convert the strip waveguide mode into slot waveguide mode.
Management of Crohn's Disease of The Ileoanal Pouch With Infliximab (2003)

Infliximab is beneficial in both the short and long term treatment of patients with an IPAA performed for a presumed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis who subsequently develop CD-related complications. Good pouch function requires long term treatment with infliximab in most patients.
Brain Computer Interfaces for Mobile Apps: State-of-the-art and Future Directions (2015)

In recent times, there have been significant advancements in utilizing the sensing capabilities of mobile devices for developing applications. The primary objective has been to enhance the way a user interacts with the application by making it effortless and convenient. This paper explores the capabilities of using Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI), an evolving subset of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) paradigms, to control mobile devices. We present a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art in this area, discussing the challenges and limitations in using BCI for mobile applications. Further we propose possible modalities that in future can benefit with BCI applications. This paper consolidates research directions being pursued in this domain, and draws conclusions on feasibility and benefits of using BCI systems effectively augmented to the mobile application development domain.
Yield optimization of redundant multimegabit RAM's using the center-satellite model (2003)

Redundant wafer scale memories are analyzed using the center satellite model to determine the optimal redundancy organization for yield enhancement. It is suggested that the degree of redundancy for a memory module be determined depending on its distance from the periphery, as defect density increases as one moves toward the periphery. New analytical expressions for the yield of memory modules with extra rows and/or extra columns, coding, and coding with extra rows are formulated. Results suggest that coding can be more effective than extra rows and columns for higher levels of defect densities. On the other hand, for lower levels of defect densities, having only extra rows and columns may be sufficient. Using the model it is shown that, by taking into account the precise distributions of clusters on the wafer, defects in a cluster, and the radial variation of these defects, an optimal account of redundancy can be found to achieve the highest possible yield.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
First-principles spectra of Au nanoparticles: from quantum to classical absorption (2018)

Absorption cross-section spectra for gold nanoparticles were calculated using\nfully quantum Stochastic Density Functional Theory and a classical\nFinite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Maxwell solver. Spectral shifts were\nmonitored as a function of size (1.3-3.1 nm) and shape (octahedron,\ncubeoctahedron, and truncated cube). Even though the classical approach is\nforced to fit the quantum TDDFT at 3.1nm, at smaller sizes there is a\nsignificant deviation as the classical theory is unable to account for peak\nsplitting and spectral blue shifts even after quantum spectral corrections. We\nattribute the failure of classical methods at predicting these features to\nquantum effects and low density of states in small nanoparticles. Classically,\nplasmon resonances are modeled as collective conduction electron excitations,\nbut at small nanoparticle size these excitations transition to few or even\nindividual conductive electron excitations, as indicated by our results.
The effect of the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin on the presentation of transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-dependent and TAP-independent peptide epitopes by class I molecules (1997)

Cells were treated with two proteolytic inhibitors, N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal and lactacystin, the latter reported to be a specific inhibitor for the proteasome. Both inhibitors retarded the maturation of endo-H-resistant forms of murine and human class I molecules from their endo-H-sensitive precursors in cell lines with functional TAP proteins. HLA-A2 maturation readily occurs in TAP-deficient T2 cells, and it has been shown that the peptides associated with A2 are derived from the leader segment of proteins in the secretory pathway. This maturation is inhibited by N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal but not lactacystin, indicating that the proteasome is not required for the generation of HLA-A2 binding peptides in these cells. The murine class Ib molecule Qa-1b presents a leader peptide derived from D-end class I molecules to alloreactive CTL. Since this presentation is dependent on the expression of TAP proteins, we determined if this requirement reflects a need for the proteasome to process this peptide. We found that lactacystin did not inhibit the maturation of endo-H-resistant forms of Qa-1b that are dependent on this leader peptide for its maturation, nor did it inhibit the expression of this peptide-Qa-1b complex in a functional assay. Thus, unlike conventional cytosolic peptides, leader peptides (regardless of whether they are dependent on TAP for their presentation) do not require the proteasome for processing.
Understanding silicate hydration from quantitative analyses of hydrating tricalcium silicates (2016)

Silicate hydration is prevalent in natural and technological processes, such as, mineral weathering, glass alteration, zeolite syntheses and cement hydration. Tricalcium silicate (Ca3SiO5), the main constituent of Portland cement, is amongst the most reactive silicates in water. Despite its widespread industrial use, the reaction of Ca3SiO5 with water to form calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-S-H) still hosts many open questions. Here, we show that solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of (29)Si-enriched triclinic Ca3SiO5 enable the quantitative monitoring of the hydration process in terms of transient local molecular composition, extent of silicate hydration and polymerization. This provides insights on the relative influence of surface hydroxylation and hydrate precipitation on the hydration rate. When the rate drops, the amount of hydroxylated Ca3SiO5 decreases, thus demonstrating the partial passivation of the surface during the deceleration stage. Moreover, the relative quantities of monomers, dimers, pentamers and octamers in the C-S-H structure are measured.
Selective hydrodeoxygenation of hydroxyacetophenones to ethyl-substituted phenol derivatives using a FeRu@SILP catalyst (2020)

The selective hydrodeoxygenation of hydroxyacetophenone derivatives is achieved opening a versatile pathway for the production of valuable substituted ethylphenols from readily available substrates. Bimetallic iron ruthenium nanoparticles immobilized on an imidazolium-based supported ionic liquid phase (Fe25Ru75@SILP) show high activity and stability for a broad range of substrates without acidic co-catalysts.
Search for the Pentaquark via thePcs¯0→φπpDecay (1998)

We report results of the first search for the pentaquark ${P}_{\overline{c}s}$ which is predicted to be a doublet of states: ${P}_{\overline{c}s}^{0}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}|\overline{c}\mathrm{suud}〉$ and ${P}_{\overline{c}s}^{\ensuremath{-}}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}|\overline{c}\mathrm{sddu}〉$. A search was made for the decay ${P}_{\overline{c}s}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{\pi}p$ in data from Fermilab experiment E791, in which a $500\mathrm{GeV}/c$ ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ beam interacted with nuclear targets. We present upper limits at 90% confidence level for the ratio of cross section times branching fraction of this decay to that for the decay ${D}_{s}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\varphi}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$. The upper limits vary between 0.022 and 0.046 for $M({P}_{\overline{c}s}^{0})$ between $2.750$ and $2.907\mathrm{GeV}{/c}^{2}$, assuming a ${P}_{\overline{c}s}^{0}$ lifetime of 0.4 ps.
Silicon Photonics for Next-Generation Optical Connectivity (2023)

We review advancements in silicon photonic (SiPh) devices and integrated circuits (SiPICs) to enable high density, low power, multi-Tb/s optical solutions for next-generation Ethernet networking and compute connectivity.
Enhancing digital libraries using missing content analysis (2008)

This work shows how the content of a digital library can be enhanced to better satisfy its users' needs. Missing content is identified by finding missing content topics in the system's query log or in a pre-defined taxonomy of required knowledge. The collection is then enhanced with new relevant knowledge, which is extracted from external sources that satisfy those missing content topics. Experiments we conducted measure the precision of the system before and after content enhancement. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the system effectiveness as a result of content enhancement and the superiority of the missing content enhancement policy over several other possible policies.
Design of a GPS Tracking ASIC for Space Applications (1999)

A GPS receiver ASIC designed for spaceborne
applications is described. The GPS Tracking ASIC, or
GTA, is designed to perform the basic correlation
functions of a GPS receiver as well as several other
functions and capabilities. The GTA includes twelve
tracking channels, each of which contains two
numerically controlled oscillators, a C/A code generator,
carrier and code mixing, and accumulators. Each tracking
channel on the GTA may be configured to process input
data from any of four down converter inputs. The
interface for each down converter also allows different
data input representations. Multiple GTA's may be used
in parallel to allow the processing of integer multiples of
12 channels. A microprocessor interface allows control
of all aspects of the GTA as well as reading back data to
be used in closing the tracking loops of the GPS receiver.
One other aspect of the GTA is the generation of various
clocks and interrupts based on a system clock.
The GTA was designed in VHDL using
Synopsys design and verification tools. It is implemented
on a Honeywell HX2300r Silicon on Insulator (SOI) gate
array, with a core supply voltage of 3.3 volts and a
input/output supply voltage of 5 volts for interfacing. The
200,000 gate GTA dissipates less than 150 mW. This paper discusses features of the GTA, methods of
implementation, results, and the direction of future
generations of the GTA.
Dual-gated graphene with ion gel gates as mid-infrared photodetectors (2016)

Summary form only given. We developed photothermoelectric devices based on graphene transistors with tunable p-n junctions achieved through partial polymer gating. This approach presents the advantage of combining broadband photoresponse with transparent gates. After demonstrating that the photocurrent mechanism is consistent with photothermoelectric effects, we studied different device designs in order to determine the best approach for high sensitivity mid-infrared detectors.
Toward Uniformly Dispersed Battery Electrode Composite Materials: Characteristics and Performance (2016)

Battery electrodes are complex mesoscale systems comprised of electroactive components, conductive additives, and binders. In this report, methods for processing electrodes with dispersion of the components are described. To investigate the degree of material dispersion, a spin-coating technique was adopted to provide a thin, uniform layer that enabled observation of the morphology. Distinct differences in the distribution profile of the electrode components arising from individual materials physical affinities were readily identified. Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) analysis revealed pertinent surface interactions associated with materials dispersivity. Further studies demonstrated that HSPs can provide an effective strategy to identify surface modification approaches for improved dispersions of battery electrode materials. Specifically, introduction of surfactantlike functionality such as oleic acid (OA) capping and P3HT-conjugated polymer wrapping on the surface of nanomaterials significantly enhanced material dispersity over the composite electrode. The approach to the surface treatment on the basis of HSP study can facilitate design of composite electrodes with uniformly dispersed morphology and may contribute to enhancing their electrical and electrochemical behaviors. The conductivity of the composites and their electrochemical performance was also characterized. The study illustrates the importance of considering electronic conductivity, electron transfer, and ion transport in the design of environments incorporating active nanomaterials.
Wnt regulation of limb mesenchymal chondrogenesis is accompanied by altered N‐cadherin‐related functions (2001)

ABSTRACT It has been suggested that Wnt proteins play essential roles in the regulation of limb development and morphogenesis. We have analyzed the effects of RCAS retroviral‐mediated misexpression of Wnt‐5a and Wnt‐7a, two Wnt genes expressed during normal limb development, on chondrogenesis in high‐density micromass cultures of chick limb bud mesenchymal cells. Wnt‐ 7a misexpression inhibited chondrogenesis in vitro, whereas Wnt‐5a did not. Analysis of cellular condensation and precartilage aggregate formation revealed that the inhibitory effect of Wnt‐7a is unlikely to act at the cellular condensation step but, instead, influences the actual chondrogenic differentiation process. During early condensation, N‐cadherin expression within the cellular aggregates in Wnt‐7a cultures was slightly delayed, whereas Wnt‐5a cultures appeared similar to control cultures. With the initiation of differentiation, Wnt‐5a and control cultures showed down‐ regulation of N‐cadherin and up‐regulation of collagen type II expression, whereas Wnt‐7a cultures showed persistent, high levels of N‐cadherin expression both at the mRNA and protein levels, up to 72 h, and nearly no collagen type II expression. Wnt‐7a misexpression was also accompanied by an initial increase in the serine/threonine phosphorylation of β‐catenin and N‐ cadherin, events known to affect N‐cadherin turnover and stabilization of β‐catenin/N‐cadherin cell adhesion complex, during chondrogenic differentiation. Wnt regulation of limb mesenchymal chondrogenesis is thus likely to involve modulation of N‐cadherin expression and function. In addition, Wnt‐7a misexpression stimulates the proliferation of limb mesenchymal cells in vitro, possibly contributing to its chondro‐inhibitory effect. Finally, the differences between Wnt‐5a and Wnt‐7a effects suggest functional diversity within the Wnt family.