gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radical Isomerization and Cycloisomerization Initiated by H• Transfer (2016)

Under H2 pressure, Co(II)(dmgBF2)2L2 (L = H2O, THF) generates a low concentration of an H• donor. Transfer of the H• onto an olefin gives a radical that can either (1) transfer an H• back to the metal, generating an isomerized olefin, or (2) add intramolecularly to a double bond, generating a cyclized radical. Transfer of an H• back to the metal from the cyclized radical results in a cycloisomerization. Both outcomes are favored by the low concentration of the cobalt H• donor, whereas hydrogenation and cyclohydrogenation are more likely with other catalysts (when the concentration of the H• donor is high).
Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus among patients with cryptogenic chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis (1992)

Many cases of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis cannot be attributed to a known cause and are collectively referred to as cryptogenic chronic liver disease. We have evaluated the role of the hepatitis C virus in the pathogenesis of this condition in a retrospective serum analysis for antibody to hepatitis C virus in 129 patients with cryptogenic liver disease. Other causes of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis were ruled out by clinical, serum biochemical and serological techniques. All 129 patients were HBcAg negative, but 28 (22%) had antibody to HBcAg. Sera were tested by radioimmunoassays using recombinant peptides for antibodies to nonstructural (C100-3 and C33c) and structural regions (C22) of HCV. Among the 129 patients, 61 (47%) had antibody to C100-3, 76 (59%) had antibody to C33c and 74 (57%) had antibody to C22. Seventy-nine (61%) were reactive with at least one and 76 (59%) were reactive with at least two HCV peptides (this is the criterion used for hepatitis C virus antibody reactivity). A proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis (55 of 91; 60%) similar to that of patients without cirrhosis (21 of 38; 55%) had hepatitis C virus antibody. No significant clinical, serum biochemical or histological differences were noted between the group of patients with hepatitis C virus antibody and those without this antibody reactivity. Thus more than half the patients with cryptogenic chronic liver disease had hepatitis C virus antibody, suggesting that chronic HCV infection plays a major role in the origin of cryptogenic chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.
Mobilization of CD34+ haematopoietic stem cells is associated with a functional inactivation of the integrin very late antigen 4 (2000)

The beta1 integrin very late antigen 4 (VLA-4) plays a central role in mobilization and homing of CD34+ cells. In this study, we examined the activation state of VLA-4 on CD34+ cells from bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) by flow cytometry using a vascular cell adhesion molecule I-immunoglobulin (VCAM-I/IgG) fusion protein as soluble ligand. In an intraindividual analysis, we found a significantly reduced affinity and avidity of the VLA-4 receptor on CD34+ cells from PB during granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-enhanced marrow recovery in comparison with steady-state BM. Moreover, the amount of circulating CD34+ cells during marrow recovery was inversely related to the activation state but not to the expression level of VLA-4, suggesting that a modulation of the functional state of VLA-4 is involved in the mobilization of CD34+ cells. Moreover, VLA-4 function on CD34+ cells from BM was associated with the maturation state of CD34+ cells as high-affinity VLA-4 receptors were observed on the vast majority of more primitive CD34+ cells. In addition, we found that Mg2+ ions as well as co-incubation of CD34+ cells with endothelial cells resulted in an activation of the VLA-4 receptor. In conclusion, modulation of the functional state of VLA-4 appears to be of relevance for the mobilization and homing of CD34+ haematopoietic stem cells.
Abstract LT010: Pleiotrophin drives pro-metastatic immune niche within breast tumor microenvironment (2021)

Abstract Background: Pleiotrophin (PTN), a heparin binding cytokine important during embryonic development, is expressed at elevated levels in several cancers, including breast cancer. High PTN expression in serum and tumor tissues of breast cancer patients correlates with worse outcome. Previous studies indicate PTN contributes to angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, and inflammation; however, the function of PTN in breast cancer progression and metastasis has not been elucidated. Methods: The effect of anti-PTN therapy (mAb; 3B10) on breast tumor progression and pulmonary metastasis was evaluated in four preclinical models of breast cancer: 4T1, E0771, Met-1, MMTV-PyMT. In addition, the effect of global loss of PTN using Ptn-deficient mice was evaluated in two murine models of breast cancer. Tissues from these experiments were analyzed by RNAseq and histology for changes in angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, immune cell infiltration, and cytokine/chemokine expression. Findings: TCGA data shows high PTN expression correlates with poor survival of Stage IV breast cancer patients. Furthermore, our data indicate that: a) blocking PTN pharmacologically or genetically results in a significant reduction of lung metastasis in multiple preclinical mouse models of breast cancer, b) scRNAseq and dual FISH-IHC (fluorescence in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry) demonstrates that endothelial cells and select population of tumor cells express PTN in the tumor microenvironment (TME), c) inhibition of PTN results in a decrease in overall inflammation with a particular decrease in neutrophil populations at primary and secondary tumor sites, d) in a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of breast cancer, MMTV-PyMT, PTN expression is enriched at the metastatic site. Conclusion: Our data suggests that PTN is important in driving a pro-metastatic immune niche within the TME that promotes tumor cell escape from the primary tumor and survival of metastatic cancer cells in secondary sites. Additionally, our studies highlight that inhibition of PTN has potential to reduce metastatic burden in breast cancer and suggest that future studies testing the combination of PTN inhibition with standard chemotherapy or immune therapy are warranted. Citation Format: Debolina Ganguly, Noah Sorrelle, Adrian Dominguez, Jason Toombs, Marcel Schmidt, Fa Valdes Mora, David Gallego Ortega, Anton Wellstein, Rolf A. Brekken. Pleiotrophin drives pro-metastatic immune niche within breast tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr LT010.
Model-based material decomposition with system blur modeling (2020)

In this work, we present a novel model-based material decomposition (MBMD) approach for x-ray CT that includes system blur in the measurement model. Such processing has the potential to extend spatial resolution in material density estimates - particularly in systems where different spectral channels exhibit different spatial resolutions. We illustrate this new approach for a dual-layer detector x-ray CT and compare MBMD algorithms with and without blur in the reconstruction forward model. Both qualitative and quantitative comparisons of performance with and without blur modeling are reported. We find that blur modeling yields images with better recovery of high-resolution structures in an investigation of reconstructed line pairs as well as lower cross-talk bias between material bases that is ordinarily found due to mismatches in spatial resolution between spectral channels. The extended spatial resolution of the material decompositions has potential application in a range of high-resolution clinical tasks and spectral CT systems where spectral channels exhibit different spatial resolutions.
Continuous dimethyldioxirane generation for polymer epoxidation (2021)

Herein we describe the development of a reactor for the continuous flow generation and use of dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) and its application to the low-level epoxidation of unsaturated polymers.
Utilizing the Switching Stochasticity of HfO2/TiOx-Based ReRAM Devices and the Concept of Multiple Device Synapses for the Classification of Overlapping and Noisy Patterns (2021)

With the arrival of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the challenges arising from Big Data, neuromorphic chip concepts are seen as key solutions for coping with the massive amount of unstructured data streams by moving the computation closer to the sensors, the so-called "edge computing." Augmenting these chips with emerging memory technologies enables these edge devices with non-volatile and adaptive properties which are desirable for low power and online learning operations. However, an energy- and area-efficient realization of these systems requires disruptive hardware changes. Memristor-based solutions for these concepts are in the focus of research and industry due to their low-power and high-density online learning potential. Specifically, the filamentary-type valence change mechanism (VCM memories) have shown to be a promising candidate In consequence, physical models capturing a broad spectrum of experimentally observed features such as the pronounced cycle-to-cycle (c2c) and device-to-device (d2d) variability are required for accurate evaluation of the proposed concepts. In this study, we present an in-depth experimental analysis of d2d and c2c variability of filamentary-type bipolar switching HfO<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>x</sub> nano-sized crossbar devices and match the experimentally observed variabilities to our physically motivated JART VCM compact model. Based on this approach, we evaluate the concept of parallel operation of devices as a synapse both experimentally and theoretically. These parallel synapses form a synaptic array which is at the core of neuromorphic chips. We exploit the c2c variability of these devices for stochastic online learning which has shown to increase the effective bit precision of the devices. Finally, we demonstrate that stochastic switching features for a pattern classification task that can be employed in an online learning neural network.
Suppl. Figure S15 from ROS Induction Targets Persister Cancer Cells with Low Metabolic Activity in NRAS-Mutated Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S15: Tumor response curves in mice for ionophoric copper-chelators in combination with binimetinib.&lt;/p&gt;
Experimental studies on output, spatial, and spectral characteristics of a microdroplet dye laser containing Intralipid as a highly scattering medium (1996)

Lasing characteristics of Rhodamine 6G dye-doped microdroplets containing highly scattering fat emulsion Intralipid-10% are studied experimentally. Noteworthy findings are that well-defined lasing threshold can be observed and one order or more magnitude enhancement of emission intensity with suitable (optimum) conditions of the Intralipid mixing ratio, in comparison with original neat-dye lasing microdroplets. We present and discuss the measured results of input-output intensities for different dye concentrations and dye-Intralipid mixing ratios in this high-gain laser dye-soft scatterer system and microscope images of spatial distribution of light emission from both the microdroplets containing neat-dye and dye-Intralipid mixture. It was found that almost no-lasing neat-dye microdroplets, which have either much higher or much lower dye concentration, can achieve lasing by substituting suitably certain amounts of the Intralipid, causing multiple light scattering. Spectral measurements of lasing outputs from the Rhodamine 6G dye-Intralipid microdroplets show the tendency of the disappearance of the well-known mode structures, owing to the morphology-dependent resonances of this microspherical cavity inherent to the neat-dye microdroplets. It is our belief that the present results make this novel method of dye-Intralipid microsystem very attractive for a variety of future applications, including diagnostic tools for highly sensitive detection and identification of small quantity objects and species embedded or hidden in highly scattering media, such as biological tissues and cellular structures.
Understanding Rate Accelerations for Diels−Alder Reactions in Solution Using Enhanced QM/MM Methodology (2007)

The Diels−Alder reactions of cyclopentadiene with 1,4-naphthoquinone, methyl vinyl ketone, and acrylonitrile have been investigated using QM/MM calculations in water, methanol, acetonitrile, and hexane. This extends an earlier AM1-based QM/MM study (J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 8078) that only investigated the reactions in water and utilized gas-phase optimized structures as starting points for computations of one-dimensional potentials of mean force (PMFs). Presently, the stationary points were located automatically in multiple solvents by computing two-dimensional PMFs, and the QM method is now PDDG/PM3. The resultant geometries are improved, and relative free energies of activation are well reproduced, e.g., ΔG‡ for the reaction with naphthoquinone is computed to increase upon transfer from water to methanol, acetonitrile, and hexane by 3.2, 4.1, and 5.1 kcal/mol, while the experimental values are 3.4, 4.0, and 5.0 kcal/mol. Ab initio MP2/6-311+G(2d,p) calculations using the CPCM continuum solvent model on gas-phase CBS-QB3 geometries were also found to yield accurate ΔG‡ values in water. However, only the QM/MM methodology reproduced the large rate increases in proceeding from aprotic solvents to water. The dominant factors for the rate variations are enhanced hydrogen bonding for the polarized transition states and reduction in hydrophobic surface area.
[Affective investment, identification and their impact on therapeutic abortion (author's transl)]. (1983)

The family and educational background of women requesting therapeutic abortion was analyzed to assess its impact on the women's behavior. The woman's father was deceased in 14 cases, the mother was deceased in 1 case, both parents were deceased in 3 cases, the parents were divorced in 21 cases, they suffered severe marital discord in 20 cases, and in 10 cases the woman was illegitimate. 84.12% of the women were raised by both parents, .43% by the father, 7.30% by the mother, 2.58% by another relative, 3.43% by an institution, and .86% by an unrelated person. In 63.09% of cases there was no social disorganization. Of the remaining 36.91%, 4.72% suffered a death, 10.73% a divorce, 1.29% abandonment, 15.49% chronic conjugal conflict, 3.43% difficulty in school, and 3.0% geographic and social instability. 49.36% of the women felt that their parents had no apparent problems as a couple, 23.18% felt they had conflicts but were a solid couple, 10.30% felt their divorced parents had a poor relationship, and 13.3% felt their parents should have separated because of their poor relationship. Clinical analysis indicates that 48.93% of the parental couples had good relationships but 49.79% had defective relationships. 54.94% of the women had good relationships with their parents, 5.58% were unable to separate themselves from their parents normally, and 37.77% had conflicts. 47.24% viewed their mothers as possessive, rejecting, or dominating and 43.78% viewed their fathers in similar terms. Continuing dependency predominates among women with poor relationships with their mothers. Immaturity and inability to anticipate are common. Aggressivity toward the mother may be repressed or expressed, and is frequently translated on the conscious level to sexual anxiety. Difficulties in identifying with a female and maternal model result from such relationships. Defective relations with the father are often expressed in conflict. In the case of absent fathers, the difficulties are more profound and the woman may search for a father in her relationships with men or have relatively unsatisfying sexual relations. Feelings of ambivalence about pregnancy appear to be closely tied to parental images that are perceived as defective and especially to modalities of internalization of the female role. Understanding of unconscious phenomena can aid in understanding the distress often experienced in the process of pregnancy termination.
Noise correlation matrix estimation for improving sound source localization by multirotor UAV (2013)

A method has been developed for improving sound source localization (SSL) using a microphone array from an unmanned aerial vehicle with multiple rotors, a “multirotor UAV”. One of the main problems in SSL from a multirotor UAV is that the ego noise of the rotors on the UAV interferes with the audio observation and degrades the SSL performance. We employ a generalized eigenvalue decomposition-based multiple signal classification (GEVD-MUSIC) algorithm to reduce the effect of ego noise. While GEVD-MUSIC algorithm requires a noise correlation matrix corresponding to the auto-correlation of the multichannel observation of the rotor noise, the noise correlation is nonstationary due to the aerodynamic control of the UAV. Therefore, we need an adaptive estimation method of the noise correlation matrix for a robust SSL using GEVD-MUSIC algorithm. Our method uses a Gaussian process regression to estimate the noise correlation matrix in each time period from the measurements of self-monitoring sensors attached to the UAV such as the pitch-roll-yaw tilt angles, xyz speeds, and motor control values. Experiments compare our method with existing SSL methods in terms of precision and recall rates of SSL. The results demonstrate that our method outperforms existing methods, especially under high signal-to-noise-ratio conditions.
Crosstalk between neuropeptides SP and CGRP in regulation of BMP2-induced bone differentiation (2018)

Based on the results shown here, CGRP can mitigate augmenting effects of SP on BMP2 signaling and the three pathways potentially converge on Runx2 to regulate BMP2-induced bone differentiation.
Vascular therapy for radiation cystitis (2010)

Angiogenesis therapy may be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of the underlying pathology of radiation cystitis.
Elevated Spontaneous Interferon-γ Secretion in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons (2017)

Immune activation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a well described phenomenon. We found that HIV patients have higher secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ compared with non-HIV subjects, as measured by the "nil" value in the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test, even when viral loads are low. This may reflect ongoing immune activation, even with optimal HIV management.
80-GHz signal detection in high speed UTC-PD using EO sampling THz probe (2017)

The W-band signal near the antenna surface is detected using a THz probing system, by assuming near/far electric field distribution measurement on a phased array antenna coupled to an RoF radar system. By using 10 GHz + 12.5 kHz optical sampling pulse with a ZnTe EO probing head, the 80-GHz signal generated by a UTC-PD could be successfully detected as a down-converted signal of 100 kHz. It suggests a potential to measure the electric field distributions of 1-D/2-D patch antenna arrays, used in advanced RoF systems.
Extended‐release of Flt intraceptors in the cornea inhibit injury‐induced corneal angiogenesis (2007)

We constructed non‐toxic albumin nanoparticles with a plasmid coding for Flt intraceptor comprising domains 2–3 linked to the endoplasmic retention sequence KDEL (pCMV.Flt23K). The nanoparticles entered into the Balb/C mice corneal cytoplasm as determined by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. FITC‐conjugated nanoparticles were injected into the cornea, and fluorescence was observed for 4 weeks. Flt23K was expressed by naked plasmids in corneas for 8 days and by the nanoparticles for 5 weeks. Mouse corneas injected with pCMV.Flt23K‐loaded nanoparticles 3 weeks prior to mechanical‐alkali trauma developed a mean percentage of corneal neovascularization of 35.0±6.0% as compared to naked pCMV.Flt23K (58.3±8.7%), empty pCMV nanoparticles (55.4 ± 2.7%), or saline (61.6±10.5%) (p’s &lt;0.05) (n = 7) two weeks after injury. Experiments are being conducted for permanent, stable production of Flt23K (and also soluble Flt‐1) with the non‐viral integrating vector, piggyBac, to allow for longer and more pronounced suppression of corneal neovascularization.
A Study on Analysis of the Sputum Gram Staining and Culture in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital (2016)

Background: Microscopical examination of expectorated sputum samples is the most commonly followed method in the Microbiological laboratory for diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Sputum sample is usually contaminated with normal resident floral organisms of the oropharynx. For the diagnosis and management of LRTIs, collection of sputum sample, sputum microscopy and culture is very important. The present study was conducted to analyse the importance of the microscopical examination of Gram stained sputum smears and the sputum culture in patients with LRTIs.
Materials & Methods: The place of the study was in the department of Microbiology in a tertiary care hospital. The study period was for one year from Jan 2015 to Dec 2015. Gram staining and culture were done for all the 130 sputum samples. Gram stained sputum smears were observed under microscope for presence of organisms, pus cells and epithelial cells. Quality of expectorated sputum samples were assessed by using Bartlett’s grading system. By using standard protocols bacterial isolates were identified. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar was performed for antibiotic susceptibility testing.
Results and conclusion: Out of 130 sputum samples, 72 (55.4%) samples were acceptable based on Bartlett’s screening system and 58(44.6%) samples were in the not acceptable category. Among acceptable category, 64(78.05%) samples were showed culture positivity. Among non-acceptable category, 18(21.95%) samples were showed culture positivity. Klebsiella pnemoniae-31.71% was the commonest isolated organism followed by  Pseudomonas aeruginosa-14.63% and Staphylococcus aureus -13.41%.In this study authors recommended to  receive good quality of sputum and do  initial  sputum screening  for diagnosing clinically relevant LRTIs.

Keywords: Bartlett’s grading system, Gram stain, Non-acceptable category, Sputum acceptable category, Sputum culture
Development of three-dimensional photonic-crystal waveguides at optical-communication wavelengths (2006)

Photonic crystals have a photonic band gap (PBG) in which light propagation and emission is prohibited. In particular, three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals have a complete PBG in all directions, which might allow the complete control of light emission and propagation in devices. Here, we report the first demonstration of light propagation in a 3D photonic-crystal waveguide at optical communication wavelengths. A line defect is introduced into a 3D photonic crystal composed of nine stacked layers, having a complete PBG in the 1.55μm wavelength region. Light incident on the waveguide edge successfully propagates along the line-defect waveguide. The propagation characteristics agree with the calculated photonic band diagram of the structure. The calculated results indicate that lossless propagation becomes possible by increasing the number of layers in the device. These results are an important step toward the realization of multifunctional 3D photonic chips integrated within a small region.