gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of 2L-VSC and MMC-based HVDC Converters: Grid Frequency Support Considering Reduced Wind Power Plants Models (2017)

Several technologies for wind power plants (WPPs) have been developed during the last years, increasing the number of such plants connected to the electrical power systems. Therefore, studies for the integration of these technologies into the grid are required, including their contribution to the power system stability. This paper compares two technologies of high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission system during frequency support provided by WPPs. Considering the grid side converter, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) and two-level voltage-source converters are compared in terms of dynamic behavior, and disturbance rejection capability. A frequency domain analysis for frequency support studies using MMC-based HVDC is proposed. For study cases, a large WPP connected in a hydro-dominated power system, based on IEEE 12-bus system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink tool. In frequency and time domain analysis, similar dynamic performances were found out in normal operation conditions, but during frequency support conditions, a slight improved stability performance was observed in MMC topology. This fact is important in HVDC systems, since a good DC-link regulation, with more disturbance rejection capability, can improve the system reliability.
Radiofrequency energy tissue ablation for the treatment of nasal obstruction secondary to turbinate hypertrophy (1999)

Abstract Objective/Hypothesis : We hypothesized that the success rate of radiofrequency energy (RFe) tissue ablation of the inferior turbinate for nasal obstruction achieved by previous investigators would be improved by using a longer needle electrode and creating two lesions per turbinate. Methods : Ten patients with nasal obstruction secondary to inferior turbinate hypertrophy were prospectively enrolled. A 40‐mm needle delivered RFe to two sites in each inferior turbinate. Patients used a visual analog scale (VAS) to grade nasal obstruction preoperatively and at 1 week and 8 weeks after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative digital images of the nasal cavity were graded for obstruction (0% to 100%) in a blinded manner. Results : All patients (100%) were subjectively improved at 8 weeks. Mean obstruction (VAS) improved from 50% ± 21% to 16% ± 15% (right side) and from 53% ± 29% to 13% ± 13% (left side). Mean improvements were 68% (right side) ( P = .004) and 75% (left side) ( P = .001). Mean obstruction graded during blinded review of nasal cavity images improved from 73.5% ± 8% to 51% ± 8% (right side) and from 76% ± 6% to 64% ± 7% (left side). Of nine patients using medications for nasal obstruction before treatment, eight (89%) noted no further need for medications at 8 weeks. Conclusion : The use of RFe for submucosal tissue ablation in the hypertrophied inferior turbinate is an effective modality for reducing symptoms of nasal obstruction. Improved results may occur by using a longer needle and creating two lesions per turbinate. Of patients in this study, 100% reported improvement of nasal obstruction.
Individualized tumor response testing profile has a prognostic value in childhood acute leukemias: multicenter non-interventional long-term follow-up study (2012)

A total number of 817 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 181 with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) were assessed for individualized tumor response testing (ITRT) profile as a prognostic factor in long-term follow-up. For each patient, ITRT, initial response to therapy and long-term outcome were assessed. In initial ALL, an impact on long-term response was shown in ITRT for 13 drugs, while in initial AML only for cytarabine. For patients with ALL, a combined five-drug ITRT profile for prednisolone, l-asparaginase, vincristine, cytarabine and daunorubicin or doxorubicin had predictive value for probability of disease-free survival (pDFS) in univariate analysis, whereas in multivariate analysis, bone marrow response by day 33 was the only prognostic factor. For patients with AML, no factor had prognostic value for pDFS in univariate analysis, while ITRT to cytarabine almost reached significance. In conclusion, ITRT can possibly be regarded as a risk factor in childhood acute leukemias.
Single-molecule studies of polymerase dynamics and stoichiometry at the bacteriophage T7 replication machinery (2014)

Replication of DNA plays a central role in transmitting hereditary information from cell to cell. To achieve reliable DNA replication, multiple proteins form a stable complex, known as the replisome, enabling them to act together in a highly coordinated fashion. Over the past decade, the roles of the various proteins within the replisome have been determined. Although many of their interactions have been characterized, it remains poorly understood how replication proteins enter and leave the replisome. In this study, we visualize fluorescently labeled bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerases within the replisome while we simultaneously observe the kinetics of the replication process. This combination of observables allows us to monitor both the activity and dynamics of individual polymerases during coordinated leading- and lagging-strand synthesis. Our data suggest that lagging-strand polymerases are exchanged at a frequency similar to that of Okazaki fragment synthesis and that two or more polymerases are present in the replisome during DNA replication. Our studies imply a highly dynamic picture of the replisome with lagging-strand DNA polymerases residing at the fork for the synthesis of only a few Okazaki fragments. Further, new lagging-strand polymerases are readily recruited from a pool of polymerases that are proximally bound to the replisome and continuously replenished from solution.
Right Ventricular Dysfunction and Long-Term Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With and Without Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction (2018)

Background: Right ventricular systolic dysfunction (RVD) often coexists with various cardiopulmonary diseases. However, the association between RVD and risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) has not been well studied. This study examined the risk of SCD associated with RVD in patients with heterogeneous underlying cardiac diseases. Methods: The Mayo Clinic cardiac care unit database included 5463 consecutive patients with complete echocardiographic evaluation to assess right ventricular systolic function and RVD severity. Prospective surveillance follow-up was obtained for all patients. SCD was adjudicated when a malignant ventricular arrhythmia was documented as the primary rhythm leading to death. RESULTS: The prevalence of mild RVD and moderate-severe RVD was 14.9% and 17.1%, respectively. Patients with RVD were more likely to have a history of congestive heart failure, cardiac arrest, pulmonary disease, and lower baseline left ventricular ejection fraction compared with those with normal right ventricular systolic function. During a median follow-up of 14 months, the incidence of SCD was highest in patients with moderate-severe RVD (7.4% versus 4.4% in mild RVD versus 1.6% in normal right ventricular function; P &lt;0.001). After adjustment for baseline characteristics, mild RVD (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.57; P =0.046) and moderate-severe RVD (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.91; P =0.006) were independently associated with an increased risk of SCD. Moderate-severe RVD remained an independent predictor of SCD for patients with left ventricular ejection fraction &gt;35% without or with preexisting implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.12; P =0.003 and adjusted hazard ratio, 5.04; P &lt;0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Presence of RVD in patients with a history of preexisting cardiac disease is an independent predictor of SCD irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction.
Meanshift clustering for DNA microarray analysis (2004)

Meanshift clustering is a well established algorithm that has been applied successfully in image processing and computer vision. Cluster centers are derived by local mode seeking identifying maxima in the normalized density of the data set. Recently, quantum clustering that highly resembles mean shift clustering has been proposed for analyzing microarray expression data. Quantum clustering is based on physical intuition derived from quantum mechanics. By an iterative process using a gradient descent procedure, the potential energy V belonging to the Hamiltonian of the time-independent Schrodinger equation develops minima that are identified with cluster centers. The analogies between the wavefunction in quantum clustering and the multivariate kernel density estimator in meanshift clustering are leading to closely related formulations. However, the approach towards the minima of the potential in quantum clustering needs to be performed unrelatedly to the formulation, by gradient descent steps. In contrast, in meanshift clustering the approach towards the maxima of the normalized density is performed by the meanshift vector that is derived by the formulation of the methodology. It points towards the direction of the maximum increase in the underlying density. Based on these observations, we propose implementing meanshift clustering to improve the efficiency of local mode seeking in analyzing expression data.
Folded MEMS Platform Based on Polymeric Flexible Hinges for 3D Integration of Spatially-Distributed Sensors (2021)

This paper introduces a batch fabrication method to manufacture Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) platforms for 3D integration of sensors spatially-distributed on a 2D plane. In the heart of the concept is a foldable MEMS structure with polymer hinges which is used to support and guide the assembly of the discrete planar sensors by means of folding them into a 3D shape, like origami, providing controlled distribution of sensors in space. Flexible hinges carrying the electrical interconnects are a critical structural element of the platform and material selection study for those is the main focus of this paper. We analyzed different materials for flexible hinges fabrication, including photo-definable polyimide and parylene-C. Three approaches for sensor integration are presented: 1) co-fabrication; 2) sensor drop-in; and 3) transfer bonding. The prototypes of structures with different flexible hinge materials were fabricated and evaluated based on their mechanical flexibility, chemical compatibility, and material outgassing. Parylene-C exhibited similar or better performances compared to polyimide, demonstrating in each of the experiments a higher degree of thermal flexibility up to 350 °C, a superior chemical resistance against hydrofluoric acid, and 2.9 times lower outgassing. [2020-0301]
Surface Modification Strategy for Yellow-Emitting Carbon Dots in Fluoropolymer Films (2023)

Carbon dots (CDs) were prepared from p -phenylenediamine, modified with trifluoroacetic acid, and dispersed in a fluoropolymer (FP) film. Unmodified CDs did not disperse well in the FP film, resulting in concentration quenching; whereas surface modification improved the affinity between the CDs and the FP, resulting in a homogeneous dispersion and an improved photoluminescence quantum yield.
Structural basis for antibody recognition of vulnerable epitopes on Nipah virus F protein (2022)

SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Nipah virus (NiV) is a pathogenic paramyxovirus that causes fatal encephalitis in humans. Two envelope glycoproteins, the attachment protein (G) and fusion protein (F), facilitate entry into host cells. Due to its vital role, NiV F presents an attractive target for developing vaccines and therapeutics. Several neutralization-sensitive epitopes on the NiV F apex have been described, however the antigenicity of most of the F protein’s surface remains uncharacterized. Here, we immunize mice with prefusion-stabilized NiV F and isolate ten monoclonal antibodies that neutralize pseudotyped virus. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals eight neutralization-sensitive epitopes on NiV F, four of which have not previously been described. Novel sites span the lateral and basal faces of NiV F, expanding the known library of vulnerable epitopes. This work identifies new epitopes as targets for therapeutics, provides a molecular basis for NiV neutralization, and lays a foundation for development of new antibodies targeting NiV F.
Towards a theory of statistical tree-shape analysis (2012)

In order to develop statistical methods for shapes with a tree-structure, we construct a shape space framework for tree-like shapes and study metrics on the shape space. This shape space has singularities, corresponding to topological transitions in the represented trees. We study two closely related metrics on the shape space, TED and QED. QED is a quotient Euclidean distance arising naturally from the shape space formulation, while TED is the classical tree edit distance. Using Gromov's metric geometry we gain new insight into the geometries defined by TED and QED. We show that the new metric QED has nice geometric properties which facilitate statistical analysis, such as existence and local uniqueness of geodesics and averages. TED, on the other hand, does not share the geometric advantages of QED, but has nice algorithmic properties. We provide a theoretical framework and experimental results on synthetic data trees as well as airway trees from pulmonary CT scans. This way, we effectively illustrate that our framework has both the theoretical and qualitative properties necessary to build a theory of statistical tree-shape analysis.
Quantitative fluorescence cytometric analysis of Bcl-2 levels in tumor cells exhibiting a wide range of inherent Bcl-2 protein expression: Correlation with Western blot analysis (2000)

The Bcl-2 staining protocol described here was shown to be specific, sensitive, and it was able to provide higher resolution as well as more reproducible quantitation of Bcl-2 protein content in cells when compared with Western blot methods. Quantitation of Bcl-2 content in cells by QFCM may be useful for monitoring Bcl-2 expression in cells undergoing various treatments in vitro and in vivo.
Access Use Cases for an Open OAM Interface to Virtualized Security Services (2014)

This document describes the use cases for providing network security
as a service in the access network environment. It considers both
mobile and residential access.
23.3: Invited Paper: Upgrading Self‐Aligned Imprint Lithography (SAIL) in Preparation for Roll‐to‐Roll Manufacturing of Large‐Sized High‐Performance Flexible Electronics (2013)

Abstract Self‐aligned imprint lithography (SAIL) is currently being upgraded to a next stage to better address the needs for roll‐to‐roll compatible manufacturing of large‐sized flexible OLED display backplanes. Cu and oxide semiconductors are preferred choices of materials, and control of process and yield becomes even more important an issue.
Variability in the extent of ordering for individual FePt L1$_{0}$ nanoparticles (2006)

In a study of a double cerebral hydatic cyst developed in a patient operated for another intracranial neurosurgical affection, the authors have determined the rate of growth of these cysts by repeated C.T. scan examinations. This rate was 4.5 cm a year, a value which is higher than other values classically accepted.
Polarization effects in ferroelectric gate AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (2020)

The impact of polarization effects induced by a ferroelectric layer on the on-state performance of ferroelectric gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs has been studied by using experiments and extensive TCAD simulations. Stress-free and high quality crystalline (111) lead-zirconate-titanate (Pb(Zr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ti <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> )O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> or PZT) films on top of GaN have been successfully obtained by adopting a single magnesium-oxide (MgO) monolayer as a buffer layer. By adjusting the zirconium composition (x) of PZT, solely the spontaneous polarization in PZT is varied. In addition a one-dimensional electrostatic model has been derived showing the impact of the polarization in the ferroelectric gate on the 2DEG sheet density and threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> ), which is in good agreement with TCAD simulations. The experimental data show for x = 0.20 a minimum on-resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> ) of ~9.7kΩ and for x = 0.52 a minimal VTH of ~3.3V. The results are important for providing a guide line to optimize ferroelectric gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs.
Frame-based exhaustive matching (FEM) scheme for photonic packet switch (2003)

We present an extended frame-based scheme to overcome stringent time constrains and performance degradation in a photonic packet switch. Throughput close to 100% can be achieved with an internal speedup of 1.1 in a 256/spl times/256 switch.
Resident memory T cells in the skin mediate durable immunity to melanoma (2017)

Tissue-resident memory T (T<sub>RM</sub>) cells have been widely characterized in infectious disease settings; however, their role in mediating immunity to cancer remains unknown. We report that skin-resident memory T cell responses to melanoma are generated naturally as a result of autoimmune vitiligo. Melanoma antigen-specific T<sub>RM</sub> cells resided predominantly in melanocyte-depleted hair follicles and were maintained without recirculation or replenishment from the lymphoid compartment. These cells expressed CD103, CD69, and CLA (cutaneous lymphocyte antigen), but lacked PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1) or LAG-3 (lymphocyte activation gene-3), and were capable of making IFN-γ (interferon-γ). CD103 expression on CD8 T cells was required for the establishment of T<sub>RM</sub> cells in the skin but was dispensable for vitiligo development. CD103<sup>+</sup> CD8 T<sub>RM</sub> cells were critical for protection against melanoma rechallenge. This work establishes that CD103-dependent T<sub>RM</sub> cells play a key role in perpetuating antitumor immunity.
ChemInform Abstract: ENTZUENDUNGSHEMMENDE WIRKUNG SOWIE STRUKTUR‐AKTIVITAETS‐BEZIEHUNGEN EINIGER 1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDRO‐1‐NAPHTHOESAEUREN UND VERWANDTER VERBINDUNGEN (1973)

Abstract In Gegenwart von Natriumäthylat werden die Benzylcyanide (I) durch Diäthylcarbonat in die Ester‐nitrile (II) übergeführt, an die Acrylnitril zu (III) addiert wird.
SEMI-PURIFIED PLASMATIC FRACTIONS FROM PATIENTS WITH RECURRENCE OF FOCAL AND SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATION, BUT NOT FROM OTHER NEPHROTIC SYNDROMES ALTER GLOMERULAR FILTRATION IN THE RAT. (1999)

996 Idiopathic focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is one of the most frequent causes of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Its immediate relapse after kidney transplantation suggests the presence of a circulating factor (albuminuric factor, AF), able to rapidly alter the glomerular permselectivity for albumin. We showed that removing patients' Ig by adsorption onto Prot-A or immunoaffinity (sheep anti-human Ig) columns stongly (but transiently) decreases the proteinuria after relapse, suggesting a link between AF and Ig. Injection of patients' plasma into rats did not induce significant proteinuria, however, fractions of Prot-A column eluate with a MW lower than that of an intact Ig, inconsistently induced albuminuria. One explanation for this inconsistency could be that AF is sensitive to low pH, another could be that Ig complexed AF is inefficient. We used a sequential 50-70% ammonium sulfate (AS) precipitation of patients' plasma to obtain a semi-purified supernatant with a very low level of Ig and albumin. We have injected fractions obtained from 6 FSGS relapsing patients, 3 non FSGS nephrotic patients after transplantation and 4 healthy individuals, intraaortically into uninephrectomized Sprague Dawley rats. FSGS relapsing fractions were found to induce a selective proteinuria (albumin = 76± 20%), measured as 0.11± 0.03 at day O vs 0.21± 0.06 g albumin/mmol creatinine at 24 h. This effect was significantly different (p < 0.01) from that observed when similar fractions prepared from plasma of patients suffering from non FSGS nephrotic syndrome and receiving the same immunosupressive treatment, were injected (0,14± 0,05 at day O vs 0,16± 0,04 at 24 h). SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of these semi-purified fractions revealed, among several bands shared by FSGS and non FSGS nephrotic syndrome, one protein of 23 Kd which was more abondant in FSGS supernatants than in those from healthy individuals and non-FSGS NS plasma. Our results show that 50-70% AS supernatants from relapsing FSGS lacking in Ig reproducibly induced albuminuria in rats. This test is now being used to predict FSGS relapse following transplantation and biochemical characterisation of the active moiety in the AS supernatant is underway.
Optimal runtime reconfiguration strategies for systolic arrays (2009)

Many computation kernels that analyze large data streams can be accelerated by converting their recurrences to parallel systolic arrays. Application domains such as bioinformatics seek to minimize the total time to analyze a large set of discrete small inputs. While traditional methods for array synthesis produce a single most efficient array design, modern computational platforms support fast runtime reconfiguration that can choose among a collection of arrays optimized for different input characteristics, such as input size. In this work, we give dynamic programming algorithms to efficiently select a few array implementations from a large set of candidates so as to minimize total execution time on a dataset with a known distribution of input sizes. We apply our methods to accelerate the Nussinov RNA folding algorithm on a Xilinx Virtex 4 FPGA. Using runtime reconfiguration among five array instantiations, we are able to process a database of 2.7 billion RNA bases in 72 seconds, which is 48% faster than using a single array and 252times faster than comparable software. We demonstrate substantial efficiency benefits even when the input length distribution is biased toward low-throughput arrays, when reconfiguration time is as large as half a second, and when only a small number of distinct arrays may be used.
1112 CHARACTERISTICS OF H2/AIR ANNULAR JET FLAMES USING MULTIPLE SHEAR COAXIAL INJECTORS (2013)

In order to understand the combustion and heat transfer characteristics of H2/air annular jet flames using multiple shear coaxial injectors, the experimental and numerical investigations have been conducted using a small cylindrical combustion chamber under normal pressure. Each flame appears as an independent flame until the flame amalgamation. Further downstream, the high temperature regions again merge to form a large flame. Then, the flame is once squeezed, and the temperature distribution spreads rapidly in the radial direction in the downstream region. The phenomena resemble the transition to turbulent mixture of jet. The flow characteristics like the turbulent kinetic energy and the recirculation vortex are important for the heat transport in the combustion chamber, and the wall heat flux is strongly influenced by them.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Trisubstituted Carbocyclic Olefins: An Access to Chiral Cyclic Amides (2023)

The enantioselective hydrogenation of cyclic enamides has been achieved using an earth-abundant cobalt-bisphosphine catalyst. Using CoCl<sub>2</sub> /(S,S)-Ph-BPE, several trisubstituted carbocyclic enamides were reduced with high activity and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99 %) to the corresponding saturated amides. The methodology can be extended to the synthesis of chiral amines by base hydrolysis of the hydrogenation products. Preliminary mechanistic investigations reveal the presence of a high spin cobalt (II) species in the catalytic cycle. We propose that the hydrogenation of the carbon-carbon double bond proceeds via a sigma-bond-metathesis pathway.