gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Innovations in Terahertz Interconnects: High-Speed Data Transport Over Fully Electrical Terahertz Waveguide Links (2019)

The continued increase in computing capability that has occurred through the technology scaling foretold by Moore [1] and Dennard et al. [2] has led to a commensurate increase in the input-output requirements of computing systems. This phenomenon has been most significantly experienced in terms of the interconnect technologies in large data centers (DCs) and high-performance computing (HPC) applications. Historical data have shown a two to three times increase in aggregate data rates every two years [3]. This space covers a variety of different interconnect length scales. In a comprehensive survey by Thraskias et al. [4], high-speed interconnects are grouped according to the following taxonomy.
Probing Sulfur Deposition onto Carbon Nanomaterials from Aqueous, Elemental Sulfur Sols for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2021)

Sulfur cathodes for lithium-sulfur batteries often rely on integrating sulfur with high surface area carbonaceous materials. Nanoscale mixing is typically achieved by a lengthy, high-temperature melt imbibition approach that employs carbon nanomaterials in an aggregated solid form. In this work, we present a simple strategy to coat carbon nanomaterials with sulfur in a cost-effective, room-temperature process using inexpensive elemental sulfur. Our results are based on hydrophobic sulfur sols, which have rarely been examined for use in the preparation of sulfur cathodes. We study the deposition mechanism on different carbon materials and find that sulfur dissolves from the sol into the aqueous phase and coats the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by heterogeneous nucleation and growth, but that this mechanism is not favored for carbon materials such as Ketjen black (KB) and graphene oxide (GO), for which undesirable homogeneous nucleation of micron-sized, insulating sulfur crystals is observed. High loading (3-4 mg<sub>sulfur</sub>/cm<sup>2</sup>) rGO-based cathodes prepared using this approach achieve discharge capacities of 1300 mAh/g<sub>sulfur</sub> (∼4.8 mAh/cm<sup>2</sup>) at 0.1C and achieve capacities 7-fold higher than cells prepared via traditional melt imbibition approaches at higher rates of 0.8C and 1C. Cells prepared without the need for added binder or conductive additive achieve projected full cell energy densities of 468 Wh/kg at 0.1C when taking into account all inactive components and assuming no lithium metal degradation, indicating that the deposition of sulfur from hydrophobic sols onto carbon nanomaterials can serve as a simple, aqueous-based, one-step process to prepare high sulfur loading cathodes with high projected energy densities.
Direct Cost Savings Analysis of Nurse Practitioner for Inpatient Urology Practice (2020)

Inclusion of an advanced practice provider within inpatient setting was shown to consistently improve length of stay and direct cost for cystectomy care.
Inexpensive direct selection cloning system based on the xylA gene and MacConkey indicator plates. (1990)

A direct selection cloning system based on the xylA gene and MX (MacConkey agar base containing 1% xylose) indicator plates has been developed as an inexpensive alternative to the Xgal-based system. This system is based on the use of a positive selection vector with any wild-type E. coli strain and selection on MXA (MX with 50 μg/ml of ampicillin) plates
In Situ STM Imaging of Bis-3-sodiumsulfopropyl-disulfide Molecules Adsorbed on Copper Film Electrodeposited on Pt(111) Single Crystal Electrode (2011)

The adsorption of bis-3-sodiumsulfopropyldi-sulfide (SPS) on metal electrodes in chloride-containing media has been intensively studied to unveil its accelerating effect on Cu electrodeposition. Molecular resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging technique was used in this study to explore the adsorption and decomposition of SPS molecules concurring with the electrodeposition of copper on an ordered Pt(111) electrode in 0.1 M HClO(4) + 1 mM Cu(ClO(4))(2) + 1 mM KCl. Depending on the potential of Pt(111), SPS molecules could react, adsorb, and decompose at chloride-capped Cu films. A submonolayer of Cu adatoms classified as the underpotential deposition (UPD) layer at 0.4 V (vs Ag/AgCl) was completely displaced by SPS molecules, possibly occurring via RSSR (SPS) + Cl-Cu-Pt → RS(-)-Pt(+) + RS(-) (MPS) + Cu(2+) + Cl(-), where MPS is 3-mercaptopropanesulfonate. By contrast, at 0.2 V, where a full monolayer of Cu was presumed to be deposited, SPS molecules were adsorbed in local (4 × 4) structures at the lower ends of step ledges. Bulk Cu deposition driven by a small overpotential (η < 50 mV) proceeded slowly to yield an atomically smooth Cu deposit at the very beginning (<5 layers). On a bilayer Cu deposit, the chloride adlayer was still adsorbed to afford SPS admolecules arranged in a unique 1D striped phase. SPS molecules could decompose into MPS upon further Cu deposition, as a (2 × 2)-MPS structure was observed with prolonged in situ STM imaging. It was possible to visualize either SPS admolecules in the upper plane or chloride adlayer sitting underneath upon switching the imaging conditions. Overall, this study established a MPS molecular film adsorbed to the chloride adlayer sitting atop the Cu deposit.
Active immunoprophylaxis with a synthetic DNA-encoded monoclonal anti-respiratory syncytial virus scFv-Fc fusion protein confers protection against infection and durable activity (2020)

Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) is a major threat to many vulnerable populations. There are currently no approved vaccines, and RSV remains a high unmet global medical need. Here we describe the employment of a novel synthetic DNA-encoded antibody technology platform to develop and deliver an engineered human DNA-encoded monoclonal antibody (dMAb<sup>TM</sup>) targeting the fusion protein (F) of RSV as a new approach to prevention or therapy of at risk populations. In <i>in vivo</i> models, a single administration of synthetic DNA-encoding the single-chain fragment variable-constant fragment (scFv-Fc) RSV-F dMAb resulted in robust and durable circulating levels of a functional antibody systemically and in mucosal tissue. In cotton rats, which are the gold-standard animals to model RSV infection, we observed sustained scFv-Fc RSV-F dMAb in the sera and lung-lavage samples, demonstrating the potential for both long-lasting immunity to RSV and effective biodistribution. The scFv-Fc RSV-F dMAb harbored in the sera exhibited RSV antigen-specific binding and potent viral neutralizing activity. Importantly, <i>in vivo</i> delivery of synthetic DNA-encoding, the scFv-Fc RSV-F dMAb protected animals against viral challenge. Our findings support the significance of dMAbs as a potential platform technology for durable protection against RSV disease.
Classification of Salmonella enterica of the (Para-)Typhoid Fever Group by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy (2021)

Typhoidal and para-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> are major causes of bacteraemia in resource-limited countries. Diagnostic alternatives to laborious and resource-demanding serotyping are essential. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) is a rapidly developing and simple bacterial typing technology. In this study, we assessed the discriminatory power of the FTIRS-based IR Biotyper (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany), for the rapid and reliable identification of biochemically confirmed typhoid and paratyphoid fever-associated <i>Salmonella</i> isolates. In total, 359 isolates, comprising 30 <i>S</i>. Typhi, 23 <i>S</i>. Paratyphi A, 23 <i>S</i>. Paratyphi B, and 7 <i>S</i>. Paratyphi C, respectively and other phylogenetically closely related <i>Salmonella</i> serovars belonging to the serogroups O:2, O:4, O:7 and O:9 were tested. The strains were derived from clinical, environmental and food samples collected at different European sites. Applying artificial neural networks, specific automated classifiers were built to discriminate typhoidal serovars from non-typhoidal serovars within each of the four serogroups. The accuracy of the classifiers was 99.9%, 87.0%, 99.5% and 99.0% for <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi, <i>Salmonella</i> Paratyphi A, B and <i>Salmonella</i> Paratyphi C, respectively. The IR Biotyper is a promising tool for fast and reliable detection of typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i>. Hence, IR biotyping may serve as a suitable alternative to conventional approaches for surveillance and diagnostic purposes.
Extracellular vesicle microRNA quantification from plasma using an integrated microfluidic device (2019)

Extracellular vesicles (EV) containing microRNAs (miRNAs) have tremendous potential as biomarkers for the early detection of disease. Here, we present a simple and rapid PCR-free integrated microfluidics platform capable of absolute quantification (<10% uncertainty) of both free-floating miRNAs and EV-miRNAs in plasma with 1 pM detection sensitivity. The assay time is only 30 minutes as opposed to 13 h and requires only ~20 μL of sample as oppose to 1 mL for conventional RT-qPCR techniques. The platform integrates a surface acoustic wave (SAW) EV lysing microfluidic chip with a concentration and sensing microfluidic chip incorporating an electrokinetic membrane sensor that is based on non-equilibrium ionic currents. Unlike conventional RT-qPCR methods, this technology does not require EV extraction, RNA purification, reverse transcription, or amplification. This platform can be easily extended for other RNA and DNA targets of interest, thus providing a viable screening tool for early disease diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of therapeutic response.
Comparison of arterial input function measured from dual-bolus and dual-sequence dynamic contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (2011)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Window of Susceptibility to Acute Otitis Media Infection (2023)

Recurrent AOM occurs in a narrow WOS and number of AOMs can be predicted at time of AOM based on child age and daycare attendance. Insertion of tympanostomy tubes likely occurs in many children after the WOS to recurrent AOM has passed or only 1 more AOM may be prevented at most.
Enrichment of deleterious variants of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gene (POLG1) in bipolar disorder (2016)

Together with mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder, the present results suggested deleterious POLG1 variants as a credible risk for the multifactorial disease.
Chemiluminescence of iron-chlorophyllin (2005)

The iron-chlorophyllin complex was found to be chemiluminescent (CL) in an acetonitrile (22%)/water mixed solvent. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, when iron-chlorophyllin was added to the mixed solvent, a sharp CL signal immediately appeared. Also, analysis of the absorption spectra revealed decomposition of iron-chlorophyllin (based on decrease in absorbance at 396 nm), hence iron-chlorophyllin is the CL substance. Moreover, the CL intensity decreased in the presence of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), indicating that the axial coordinative position of iron-chlorophyllin acts as a point of catalytic activation. In addition, when fluorophores were present with iron-chlorophyllin CL, their CL intensity values were similar to or greater than that of the well-known trichlorophenylperoxalate ester (TCPO) CL. Thus, during the decomposition reaction of iron-chlorophyllin, the latter transfers its energy to the coexisting fluorophores. Moreover, since the decomposed compound in this CL reaction had a fluorescence, it was found that the iron-chlorophyllin also functions as an energy donor. Therefore, the iron-chlorophyllin complex acts not only as a CL substance, but also as a catalyst and energy donor in the reaction.
Effect of the Penultimate Unit on the CON Bond Homolysis in SG1‐Based Alkoxyamines (2007)

Abstract The effect of the penultimate unit on the CON bond homolysis rate constant k d was studied for model alkoxyamines. It was shown that the k d for fragments containing penultimate and antepenultimate units were nicely predicted by the tri‐parametric relationship developed in Macromolecules 2005 , 38 , 2638 and Eur. J. Org. Chem . 2006 , 7 , 1755 (log k d = −14.33 + 15.06 × σ RS + 20.00 × σ I + 6.96 × υ ). A striking effect was observed only for a tert ‐butyl‐like group as the penultimate unit. magnified image
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Transitions and Chemical Transformations of Benzene up to 550 . degree.C and 30 GPa. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Carcinoembryonic antigen immunoscintigraphy complements mammography in the diagnosis of breast carcinoma (2000)

BACKGROUND An adjunctive noninvasive test that is predictable and highly specific for breast carcinoma would complement the high false-positive rate of mammography in certain patients. METHODS This prospective, multicenter study evaluated the accuracy, safety, and immunogenicity of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibody imaging in women with known or suspected breast carcinoma. Scintigraphic breast images were obtained approximately 3–8 hours after the administration of technetium 99m (99Tc) labeled anti-CEA Fab′ and correlated with histopathology. RESULTS The 99Tc labeled anti-CEA Fab′ detected tumor CEA expression in 46 of 49 women (94%) initially entered with known primary breast carcinoma regardless of histology or serum CEA levels. In women scheduled for biopsy confirmation of mammographic and physical examination findings, 104 99Tc labeled anti-CEA Fab′ studies had a sensitivity of 61% (17 of 28 cases) and a specificity of 91% (69 of 76 cases). In total, 99Tc labeled anti-CEA Fab′ detected 52 of 62 invasive ductal carcinomas, 5 of 5 invasive lobular carcinomas, and 3 of 6 noninvasive tumors (2 ductal carcinomas in situ and 1 intracystic papillary carcinoma). Tumor size significantly affected sensitivity (P = 0.041), with 11 of 14 missed lesions ≤ T1, and proliferative histology significantly affected specificity (P = 0.012), with 5 of 7 false-positive tumors being premalignant. In 50 breast carcinoma patients, 99Tc labeled anti-CEA Fab′ also demonstrated axillary lymph node involvement regardless of serum CEA levels, with a sensitivity of 80% when more than three lymph nodes were positive. No immune response or other meaningful side effects occurred. CONCLUSIONS 99Tc labeled anti-CEA Fab′ had high specificity and positive predictive values for breast carcinoma and the majority of false-positive studies were associated with an increased risk of malignancy. Improved imaging techniques, including dedicated gamma cameras for breast and axillary lymph node imaging, will likely improve the test's sensitivity for smaller lesions. Cancer 2000;89:104–15. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
Do mechanical strain magnitude and rate drive bone adaptation in adult women? A 12-month prospective randomized trial (2018)

Abstract Although there is strong evidence that certain activities can increase bone density and structure in some individuals, it is unclear what specific mechanical factors govern the response. This is important because understanding the effect of mechanical signals on bone could contribute to more effective osteoporosis prevention methods and efficient clinical trial design. The degree to which strain rate and magnitude govern bone adaptation in humans has never been prospectively tested. Here, we studied the effects of a voluntary upper extremity compressive loading task in healthy adult women during a twelve month prospective period. One hundred and two women age 21-40 participated in one of two experiments. (1): low (n=21) and high (n=24) strain magnitude. (2): low (n=21) and high (n=20) strain rate. Control: (n=16): no intervention. Strains were assigned using subject-specific finite element models. Load cycles were recorded digitally. The primary outcome was change in ultradistal integral bone mineral content (iBMC), assessed with QCT. Interim timepoints and secondary outcomes were assessed with high resolution pQCT (HRpQCT). Sixty-six subjects completed the intervention, and interim data were analyzed for 77 subjects. Both the low and high strain rate groups had significant 12-month increases to ultradistal iBMC (change in control: -1.3±2.7%, low strain rate: 2.7±2.1%, high strain rate: 3.4±2.2%), total iBMC, and other measures. “Loading dose” was positively related to 12-month change in ultradistal iBMC, and interim changes to total BMD, cortical thickness and inner trabecular BMD. Subjects who gained the most bone completed, on average, 130 loading bouts of (mean strain) 550 με at 1805 με/s. Those with the greatest gains had the highest loading dose. We conclude that signals related to strain magnitude, rate, and number of loading bouts contribute to bone adaptation in healthy adult women, but only explain a small amount of variance in bone changes.
Post-traumatic hypopituitarism and fatigue (2015)

Post-traumatic hypopituitarism (PTH) associated with chronic cognitive, psychiatric, and/or behavioural sequelae is common following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). More specifically, due to a cascade of hormonal deficiencies secondary to PTH, individuals with TBI may experience debilitating fatigue that can negatively impact functional recovery, as it can limit participation in brain injury rehabilitation services and lead to an increase in maladaptive lifestyle practices. While the mechanisms underlying fatigue and TBI are not entirely understood, the current review will address the specific anatomy and physiology of the pituitary gland, as well as the association between pituitary dysfunction and fatigue in individuals with TBI.
Performance of serial time-encoded amplified microscope (2010)

Serial time-encoded amplified microscopy (STEAM) is an entirely new imaging modality that enables ultrafast continuous real-time imaging with high sensitivity. By means of optical image amplification, STEAM overcomes the fundamental tradeoff between sensitivity and speed that affects virtually all optical imaging systems. Unlike the conventional microscope systems, the performance of STEAM depends not only on the lenses, but also on the properties of other components that are unique to STEAM, namely the spatial disperser, the group velocity dispersion element, and the back-end electronic digitizer. In this paper, we present an analysis that shows how these considerations affect the spatial resolution, and how they create a trade-off between the number of pixels and the frame rate of the STEAM imager. We also quantify how STEAM's optical image amplification feature improves the imaging sensitivity. These analyses not only provide valuable insight into the operation of STEAM technology but also serve as a blue print for implementation and optimization of this new imaging technology.
Competitive Assessment of Polymer-based Bone Scaffolds and Mineralized Cancellous Allograft in the Canine Femoral Multi-Defect model (2012)

1 . Canine mineralized cancellous allograft (MCA) matrix processed by the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation was evaluated as a benchmark of the current clinical standard. Skeletally mature coonhounds (34.3 kg ± 4.2 Kg) were randomly assigned to eight groups of ten canines each. In each group, two differently scaffolds were tested, enabling paired comparison within a subject. In each animal, four identical unicortical cylindrical defects (10 mm diameter x 15 mm height) were created in the femur. This study was conducted after approval from the Cleveland Clinic Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. The extent and distribution of new bone in-growth into each defect site was assessed at four weeks using quantitative micro-CT analysis and qualitative histology. The primary outcome parameter was Percent Bone volume (%BV), which was calculated throughout the defect volume as the % of pixels with intensity at above a bone threshold.
Harnessing regulatory T cell neuroprotective activities for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (2020)

Emerging evidence demonstrates that adaptive immunity influences the pathobiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Misfolded aggregated self-proteins can break immune tolerance leading to the induction of autoreactive effector T cells (Teffs) with associated decreases in anti-inflammatory neuroprotective regulatory T cells (Tregs). An imbalance between Teffs and Tregs leads to microglial activation, inflammation and neuronal injury. The cascade of such a disordered immunity includes the drainage of the aggregated protein antigens into cervical lymph nodes serving to amplify effector immune responses. Both preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate transformation of this altered immunity for therapeutic gain. We posit that the signs and symptoms of common neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke can be attenuated by boosting Treg activities.
Measurement of microwave permittivity using a six-port reflectometer with an open-ended coaxial line (1989)

A nondestructive broadband permittivity-measurement method using an automatic six-port reflectometer is presented. The impedance sensor is an open-ended coaxial line terminated by a semi-infinite medium. The equivalent model of the sensor used is based on an equivalent effective transmission-line length which models the fringing field at the extremity of the probe. The proposed method is useful to measure relatively high-loss dielectric liquids and provides a precision comparable to other methods already in use; however, the equipment costs are considerably reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Allele- and Tir-Independent Functions of Intimin in Diverse Animal Infection Models (2012)

Upon binding to intestinal epithelial cells, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and Citrobacter rodentium trigger formation of actin pedestals beneath bound bacteria. Pedestal formation has been associated with enhanced colonization, and requires intimin, an adhesin that binds to the bacterial effector translocated intimin receptor (Tir), which is translocated to the host cell membrane and promotes bacterial adherence and pedestal formation. Intimin has been suggested to also promote cell adhesion by binding one or more host receptors, and allelic differences in intimin have been associated with differences in tissue and host specificity. We assessed the function of EHEC, EPEC, or C. rodentium intimin, or a set of intimin derivatives with varying Tir-binding abilities in animal models of infection. We found that EPEC and EHEC intimin were functionally indistinguishable during infection of gnotobiotic piglets by EHEC, and that EPEC, EHEC, and C. rodentium intimin were functionally indistinguishable during infection of C57BL/6 mice by C. rodentium. A derivative of EHEC intimin that bound Tir but did not promote robust pedestal formation on cultured cells was unable to promote C. rodentium colonization of conventional mice, indicating that the ability to trigger actin assembly, not simply to bind Tir, is required for intimin-mediated intestinal colonization. Interestingly, streptomycin pre-treatment of mice eliminated the requirement for Tir but not intimin during colonization, and intimin derivatives that were defective in Tir-binding still promoted colonization of these mice. These results indicate that EPEC, EHEC, and C. rodentium intimin are functionally interchangeable during infection of gnotobiotic piglets or conventional C57BL/6 mice, and that whereas the ability to trigger Tir-mediated pedestal formation is essential for colonization of conventional mice, intimin provides a Tir-independent activity during colonization of streptomycin pre-treated mice.