gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intranasal Administration of Adeno-associated Virus Type 12 (AAV12) Leads to Transduction of the Nasal Epithelia and Can Initiate Transgene-specific Immune Response (2011)

A critical aspect in defining the utility of a vector for gene therapy applications is the cell tropism and biodistribution of the vector. Adeno-associated virus type 12 (AAV12) has several unique biological and immunological properties that could be exploited for gene therapy purposes, including a unique cell surface receptor, transduction of epithelial cells, and limited neutralization by pooled human antibodies. However, little is known about its cell tropism and biodistribution in vivo. In vivo biodistribution studies with AAV12 vectors encoding a cytomegalovirus promoted luciferase transgene indicated preferential transduction of the nasal epithelia which was not observed with AAV2-based vectors. Expression peaked 2 weeks postadministration, before decreasing to a persistent level. The level of neutralizing antibodies (Nab) induced was sevenfold lower for AAV12 than for AAV2, an advantage for use in repeat administration. Furthermore, vectors encoding influenza A nucleoprotein (NP), an antigen which has previously been shown to induce immune protection against challenge, resulted in generation of both anti-A/NP antibodies and lung anti-A/NP T cells. Our findings suggest further evaluation of AAV12 as a vector for gene therapy and as a potential nasal vaccine.
ODVICE: An Ontology-Driven Visual Analytic Tool for Interactive Cohort Extraction (2020)

Increased availability of electronic health records (EHR) has enabled researchers to study various medical questions. Cohort selection for the hypothesis under investigation is one of the main consideration for EHR analysis. For uncommon diseases, cohorts extracted from EHRs contain very limited number of records - hampering the robustness of any analysis. Data augmentation methods have been successfully applied in other domains to address this issue mainly using simulated records. In this paper, we present ODVICE, a data augmentation framework that leverages the medical concept ontology to systematically augment records using a novel ontologically guided Monte-Carlo graph spanning algorithm. The tool allows end users to specify a small set of interactive controls to control the augmentation process. We analyze the importance of ODVICE by conducting studies on MIMIC-III dataset for two learning tasks. Our results demonstrate the predictive performance of ODVICE augmented cohorts, showing ~30% improvement in area under the curve (AUC) over the non-augmented dataset and other data augmentation strategies.
In vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells from human amniocytes into definitive endoderm (2012)

Kunisaki, Shaun Michael MD; Jiang, Guihua MS; Villa-Diaz, Luis G. PhD; O'Shea, Kathy Sue PhD; Krebsbach, Paul H. PhD Author Information
Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using rhBMP-2 With Tapered Interbody Cages (2002)

In a multicenter, prospective, randomized, nonblinded, 2-year study, 279 patients with degenerative lumbar disc disease were randomly divided into two groups that underwent interbody fusion using two tapered threaded fusion cages. The investigational group (143 patients) received rhBMP-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge, and a control group (136 patients) received autogenous iliac crest bone graft. Plain radiographs and computed tomographic scans were used to evaluate fusion at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Mean operative time (1.6 hours) and blood loss (109.8 mL) were less in the investigational rhBMP-2 group than in the autograft control group (2.0 hours and 153.1 mL). At 24 months the investigational group's fusion rate (94.5%) remained higher than that of the control group (88.7%). New bone formation occurred in all investigational patients. At all intervals, mean postoperative Oswestry, back pain, and leg pain scores and neurologic status improved in both treatment groups with similar outcomes. In the control group, eight adverse events related to the iliac crest graft harvest occurred (5.9%), and at 24 months 32% of patients reported graft site discomfort and 16% were bothered by its appearance. Lumbar fusion using rhBMP-2 and a tapered titanium fusion cage can yield a solid union and eliminate the need for harvesting iliac crest bone graft.
Electrophysiologic Effects of Adenosine in Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia (1999)

The EP response to adenosine proved of limited value to identify the location of AT or SVT mechanisms. Features favoring AT were the presence of AV block or marked shortening of atrial cycle length before tachycardia suppression. Atrial fibrillation was more common after adenosine in patients with AVRT, PJRT, or AT. Patients with IST showed increases in cycle length with little change in atrial activation sequence after adenosine.
Long-Term Insulinotropic Activity of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1/Polymer Conjugate on Islet Microcapsules (2004)

The biohybrid artificial pancreas (BAP), a promising therapy for type 1 diabetes, faces several obstacles such as the need for a large implantation volume of encapsulated islets because of low functionality. To address such problems, in this study we examined long-term insulinotropic activity of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)/polymer conjugate [VAPG: poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-acrylic acid-g-PEG) (VAP)-GLP-1] as well as GLP-1/Zn(2+) crystal by coencapsulation with islets. Microcapsules with VAPG or crystal produced round-shaped beads whereas free GLP-1 showed poor capsule morphology. A perfusion experiment suggested that VAPG showed higher bioactivity than did microcapsules with GLP-1/Zn(2+). In long-term culture (200 mg of glucose/dL [G]), VAPG also enhanced insulinotropic activity over 5 weeks compared with the crystal form of GLP-1. However, maintenance of the high bioactivity of VAPG suddenly declined after week 5, possibly because of degradation, metabolism, and overstimulation. Basal (50 G) and glucose-stimulated (300 G) levels of insulin secretion confirmed a see-saw pattern in which the VAPG gradually decreased insulin secretion from encapsulated islets and then fell below the insulin level secreted from microcapsules containing GLP-1/Zn(2+) crystal. Viability of the microcapsulated islets of each group was not significantly different. Consequently, the coencapsulation of VAPG or GLP-1/Zn(2+) crystal can be a potential approach to reducing BAP volume with further optimization of activity duration.
Gallium Arsenide and ESD (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Gallium Arsenide Technology and ESD Gallium Arsenide Energy-to-Failure and Power-to-Failure Gallium Arsenide ESD Failures in Active and Passive Elements Gallium Arsenide HBT Devices and ESD Gallium Arsenide HBT-Based Passive Elements Gallium Arsenide Technology Table of Failure Mechanisms Indium Gallium Arsenide and ESD Indium Phosphide (InP) and ESD Summary and Closing Comments Problems References
EVO-MPMI: From fundamental science to practical applications (2023)

<em>Read it on medium (recommended).</em> In the unending coevolutionary dance between plants and microbes, each player impacts the evolution of the other. This article provides an overview of the burgeoning field of Evolutionary Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions (EVO-MPMI), tracing its progression from foundational science to practical implementation. It delves into central concepts and methodologies, and offers a snapshot of current research. Moreover, the review sheds light on the practical applications of EVO-MPMI, particularly within the realm of disease control. Looking ahead, we discuss potential future trajectories for EVO-MPMI research, spotlighting the innovative tools and technologies propelling the discipline forward.
A Novel Method for the Preparation of Lead Selenide:  Pulse Sonoelectrochemical Synthesis of Lead Selenide Nanoparticles (1999)

PbSe nanoparticles of about 12 nm in size have been prepared by a pulse sonoelectrochemical technique from an aqueous solution of sodium selenosulfate and lead acetate. The PbSe nanoparticles were characterized, using techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, absorption spectroscopy, diffuse reflection spectrum, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The effects of changing the various parameters on particle size were discussed, and possible explanations were offered. A band gap of 1.10 eV was estimated from optical measurement of the nanoparticles.
Correction: Compound A, a Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator, Enhances Heat Shock Protein Hsp70 Gene Promoter Activation (2013)

Compound A possesses glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent anti-inflammatory properties. Just like classical GR ligands, Compound A can repress NF-kB-mediated gene expression. However, the monomeric Compound A-activated GR is unable to trigger glucocorticoid response element-regulated gene expression. The heat shock response potently activates heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), upregulates Hsp70, a known GR chaperone, and also modulates various aspects of inflammation. We found that the selective GR modulator Compound A and heat shock trigger similar cellular effects in A549 lung epithelial cells. With regard to their anti-inflammatory mechanism, heat shock and Compound A are both able to reduce TNFstimulated IkBa degradation and NF-kB p65 nuclear translocation. We established an interaction between Compound Aactivated GR and Hsp70, but remarkably, although the presence of the Hsp70 chaperone as such appears pivotal for the Compound A-mediated inflammatory gene repression, subsequent novel Hsp70 protein synthesis is uncoupled from an observed CpdA-induced Hsp70 mRNA upregulation and hence obsolete in mediating CpdA's anti-inflammatory effect. The lack of a Compound A-induced increase in Hsp70 protein levels in A549 cells is not mediated by a rapid proteasomal degradation of Hsp70 or by a Compound A-induced general block on translation. Similar to heat shock, Compound A can upregulate transcription of Hsp70 genes in various cell lines and BALB/c mice. Interestingly, whereas Compound Adependent Hsp70 promoter activation is GR-dependent but HSF1-independent, heat shock-induced Hsp70 expression alternatively occurs in a GR-independent and HSF1-dependent manner in A549 lung epithelial cells.
Rim region growth and its composition in reaction bonded boron carbide composites with core-rim structure (2009)

Aluminum was detected in reaction-bonded boron carbide that had been prepared by pressureless infiltration of boron carbide preforms with molten silicon in a graphite furnace under vacuum. The presence of Al2O3 in the heated zone, even though not in contact with the boron carbide preform, stands behind the presence of aluminium in the rim region that interconnects the initial boron carbide particles. The composition of the rim corresponds to the Bx(C,Si,Al)y quaternary carbide phase. The reaction of alumina with graphite and the formation of a gaseous aluminum suboxide (Al2O) accounts for the transfer of aluminum in the melt and, subsequently in the rim regions. The presence of Al increases the solubility of boron in liquid silicon, but with increasing aluminum content the activity of boron decreases. These features dominate the structural evolution of the rim-core in the presence of aluminum in the melt.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF CHIRAL METABOLITES OF IFOSFAMIDE AND THEIR DETERMINATION IN THE URINE (1983)

Abstract Dargestellt auf den im Formelschema beschriebenen Wegen werden die Verbindungen (II), (VI), (VII), (X) und (XII), die als Metaboliten von race‐ mischen Ifosfamide im menschlichen Urin nachweisbar sind.
A Simple Modelling Procedure of Rogowski Coil for Power Systems Applications (2019)

The use of Low-Power Instrument Transformers is spreading among the network and Standards are providing all the necessary information for their usage. However, practical applications adopt such definition with a certain delay (which could be years) with respect to their publication. To this purpose, the paper presents a simple Rogowski modelling procedure, for nonexperts, to predict the Rogowski output when used under nonstandard conditions. In addition, the procedure allows to have a clear knowledge of each device for further testing. Provided measurement results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.
Generation of non-human primate CAR Tregs using artificial antigen-presenting cells, simian tropic lentiviral vectors, and antigen-specific restimulation (2022)

It is technically challenging to generate large doses of regulatory T cells (Tregs) engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in non-human primates (NHP). Here, we have optimized the manufacturing of CAR Tregs by stringent sorting of Tregs, stimulation by artificial antigen-presenting cells, transduction by simian tropic lentiviral vectors, and antigen-specific expansion. The result of this method is highly suppressive CAR Tregs for use in a pre-clinical, large animal model of transplant tolerance. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Ellis et al. (2022).
Dynamics, optimization and control of a fuel cell based combined heat power (CHP) system for shipboard applications (2005)

In this paper, a natural gas fuel processor system (FPS), a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM-FC) and a catalytic burner (CB) are integrated in a combined heat power (CHP) generation plant. The FC provides the power based on electrochemical reaction of hydrogen (H2). The FPS generates the hydrogen from natural gas and the CB provides the energy for preheating the FPS inlet flows by burning any excess H/sub 2/ from the FC exhaust. The coupling of these three systems poses a challenging optimization and control problem. The goal is to analyze the open loop dynamics and design a controller that achieves optimal steady state operation and acceptable transient performance, i.e., mitigates the H/sub 2/ starvation and regulates reactor temperatures. We show in simulations that an observer based feedback controller, which relies on temperature measurements of two reactors, speeds up the transient response fivefold, as compared to the baseline when no feedback control is employed.
Supplementary Fig 3 from HER2-Mediated Internalization of Cytotoxic Agents in <i>ERBB2</i> Amplified or Mutant Lung Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Fig 3&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract 5944: Matrilysin/MMP-7 compromises a novel border interaction between perlecan/HSPG2 and semaphorin 3A to support prostate cancer invasion (2017)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) cells interact with the stroma and extracellular matrix (ECM) during tumor expansion and invasion during metastasis. Dissecting the complex matrix-cancer interplay is essential to halting tumor progression. A vital component of the ECM is perlecan/heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2). As a large extracellular proteoglycan, perlecan helps orchestrate tumor angiogenesis, proliferation, differentiation and invasion. Actively metastasizing cancer cells must proteolytically degrade several tissue borders which perlecan patrols, including the basement membrane, vasculature, reactive stromal matrix and bone marrow. Investigating the effects of perlecan on metastatic PCa cells showed full length perlecan and specifically conserved domain IV of perlecan triggers clustering of PCa cells. Perlecan cleavage by the pro-tumor protease matrilysin/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-7) reverses this, favoring cell dispersion and tumor dyscohesion. Network analysis of a reverse phase protein array and subsequent western blots revealed clustered cells on intact perlecan/Dm IV induced a strong focal adhesion kinase (FAK) dephosphorylation/deactivation. Alternatively, FAK was highly phosphorylated/activated on MMP-7 cleaved perlecan/Dm IV consistent with an adhesive and dispersive/metastatic phenotype. Several lines of evidence indicate Dm IV interacts with the classically known axon guidance protein semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), to shut off pro-metastatic FAK activation. Notably, a C-terminus directed Sema3A antibody mimics the clustering activity of Dm IV. We showed Dm IV binds to Sema3A in ELISA and quartz crystal microbalance experiments and the interaction is abrogated by the Sema3A antibody. Interestingly, Sema3A also is sensitive to MMP-7 proteolytic activity. Finally, transient knockdown of Sema3A in PCa cells inhibits the clustering effect by a Dm IV substrate. This work shows that perlecan is an effective border molecule because it coordinates with Sema3A to repulse and cluster cells by switching off FAK activity. However, PCa cells expressing active MMPs, such as MMP-7, can destroy this Sema3A/perlecan complex to develop an invasive, metastatic phenotype associated with lethal disease. Citation Format: Brian J. Grindel, Daniel A. Harrington, Leland Chung, Mary C. Farach-Carson. Matrilysin/MMP-7 compromises a novel border interaction between perlecan/HSPG2 and semaphorin 3A to support prostate cancer invasion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5944. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5944
Autonomous vehicle front lighting systems (2012)

Automotive frontlighting has evolved from a very simple state, where two light distributions (main beam and dipped beam) were switched manually by the driver into a complex and very powerful driver assistance system. The present paper describes the driving technologies behind this transformation, which occurred in less than 15 years time and presents some of the systems which have been developed and have now been introduced to the market.
Sparse Vector Transmission: An Idea Whose Time Has Come (2020)

In recent years, we have witnessed a bewildering variety of automated services and applications involving vehicles, robots, sensors, and machines powered by artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Communication mechanisms associated with these services are clearly distinct from human-centric methods. One important feature of machine-centric communication is that the amount of information to be transmitted is tiny. In view of the short packet transmission, relying on today's transmission mechanisms would not be efficient due to the waste of resources, large decoding latency, and expensive operational cost. In this article, we present an overview of sparse vector transmission (SVT), a scheme to transmit short pieces of information after sparse transformation. We discuss the basics of SVT and two distinct SVT strategies [frequency-domain sparse transmission (FDST) and SV coding (SVC)] and demonstrate their effectiveness in realistic wireless environments.
High-performance glass-fibre reinforced biobased aromatic polyamide in automotive biofuel supply systems (2020)

The increase in service temperature and the use of renewable but also more aggressive biofuels such as biodiesel have remarkably raised demands for the durability of polymer components used in automotive fuel systems. The commonly used aliphatic polyamides (PAs) can here be problematic to use in (bio)diesel systems at high temperature in locations such as fuel pipes and fuel filter housings. In the present work, the ageing behaviour of a new class of easily melt-processable glass fibre-reinforced highly-biobased semi-aromatic polyamides (polyphthalamide, PPA) was investigated in very demanding environments (petroleum diesel (B0) and its commercial blend with 20 vol% biodiesel (B20)) at high temperature. The results showed that the PPA matrix had better barrier properties towards both petroleum and bio-based diesel compared to conventional PA12, as revealed by its lower and slower fuel uptake. The sorbed fuels plasticized the composite, decreasing the glass transition temperature (Tg), with B20 having a larger plasticizing effect on PPA than B0. Notably, the mechanical properties of the PPA composite were not negatively affected even after long exposure to both B0 and B20. This was due to the low level of fuel uptake, high Tg and intact interface between the glass fibres and PPA matrix.
Ribosome dynamics and the evolutionary history of ribosomes (2015)

The ribosome is a dynamic nanomachine responsible for coded protein synthesis. Its major subsystems were essentially in place at the time of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA). Ribosome evolutionary history thus potentially provides a window into the pre- LUCA world. This history begins with the origins of the peptidyl transferase center where the actual peptide is synthesized and then continues over an extended timeframe as additional functional centers including the GTPase center are added. The large ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) have grown over time by an accretion process and a model exists that proposes a relative age of each accreted element. We have compared atomic resolution ribosome structures before and after EF-G bound GTP hydrolysis and thereby identified the location of 23 pivot points in the large rRNAs that facilitate ribosome dynamics. Pivots in small subunit helices h28 and h44 appear to be especially central to the process and according to the accretion model significantly older than the other helices containing pivots. Overall, the results suggest that ribosomal dynamics occurred in two phases. In the first phase, an inherently mobile h28/h44 combination provided the flexibility needed to create a dynamic ribosome that was essentially a Brownian machine. This addition likely made coded peptide synthesis possible by facilitating movement of a primitive mRNA. During the second phase, addition of pivoting elements and the creation of a factor binding site allowed the regulation of the inherent motion created by h28/h44. All of these events likely occurred before LUCA.
The Radiation Enhanced Diffusion (RED) Diode realization of a large area p+p-n-n+ structure with high SOA (2009)

In this paper, we introduce a fully functional high voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rrm</sub> = 4.5 kV) and high current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FM</sub> = 7 kA) p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> diode based on radiation enhanced diffusion (RED) technology. The RED-Diode employs a low-doped p-layer buried at ap100 mum to increase the dynamic avalanche ruggedness for high SOA capability. The diode was processed on a 100 mm wafer and can safely turn off 4 and 7 kA @ 140degC @ 1500 A/mus for the diameters of 51 and 91 mm, resp. The RED of Pd was also extended from He to H irradiation. Compared to the reference diode without the buried p-layer, the RED diode has equal leakage, equal SOA capability under free-wheeling conditions, similar softness, 30% and 50% higher SOA for 51 and 91 mm diodes resp. with di/dt towards 10 kA/mus. Clamp-less operation is presented up to 1300 A with peak power above 15 MW at 125degC for the 91 mm diodes. For clamping diode application, this ruggedness can be further improved.