gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search for extra dimensions in diphoton events from proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt {s} = 7\,$ TeV in the ATLAS detector at the LHC (2013)

The large difference between the Planck scale and the electroweak&#13;\nscale, known as the hierarchy problem, is addressed in certain models through&#13;\nthe postulate of extra spatial dimensions. A search for evidence of extra spatial&#13;\ndimensions in the diphoton channel has been performed using the full set of&#13;\nproton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV recorded in 2011 with the ATLAS&#13;\ndetector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. This dataset corresponds to an&#13;\nintegrated luminosity of 4.9 fb−1. The diphoton invariant mass spectrum is&#13;\nobserved to be in good agreement with the Standard Model expectation. In&#13;\nthe context of the model proposed by Arkani–Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali,&#13;\n95% confidence level lower limits of between 2.52 and 3.92 TeV are set on the&#13;\nultraviolet cutoff scale MS depending on the number of extra dimensions and&#13;\nthe theoretical formalism used. In the context of the Randall–Sundrum model,&#13;\na lower limit of 2.06 (1.00) TeV at 95% confidence level is set on the mass of&#13;\nthe lightest graviton for couplings of k/MPl = 0.1(0.01). Combining with the&#13;\nATLAS dilepton searches based on the 2011 data, the 95% confidence level&#13;\nlower limit on the Randall–Sundrum graviton mass is further tightened to 2.23&#13;\n(1.03) TeV for k/MPl = 0.1(0.01).
Extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor density and affinity in the human brain measured by 3D PET (1999)

The aim of the present study was to quantify the density and affinity of human extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptors using positron emission tomography (PET). [(11)C]FLB-457, a high-affinity dopamine D2 receptor antagonist with various specific radioactivities (SA) was used. Eight healthy male subjects, age 20-35 yr, participated twice or three times at different SAs (1-279 GBq/ µmol), and serial dynamic scans were performed in the 3D data acquisition mode. The peak of the specific binding was not well defined with high SA due to the flatness of the curves after 60 min but was observed within the PET measurement. In the experiment with low SA, the peak came earlier than that with high SA. Scatchard analysis was performed using the maximal specific binding value (transient equilibrium) and the radioactivity in the cerebellum as free ligand concentration. The highest density was observed in the thalamus (2.3+/-0.6 pmol/ml), followed by the temporal cortex (1.5+/-0.5 pmol/ml), hippocampus (1.4+/-0.5 pmol/ml), parietal cortex (0.9+/-0.4 pmol/ml), frontal cortex (0.8+/-0.2 pmol/ml) and occipital cortex (0.7+/-0.3 pmol/ml). There was no significant difference in K(d) values in these six regions. The present results demonstrate that dopamine D2 receptor densities in the extrastriatal regions were only 2-8% of that in the striatum. Although the density of extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor was low, significant regional differences were observed in the present study, as reported in postmortem studies.
Weakly Coupled Homogeneous 3-Mode 4-Core Fiber With Standard Cladding Diameter (2023)

We propose a design concept of a 3-mode 4-core fiber (3M-4CF) with a common depressed (CD) layer and numerically investigated the tradeoff between the optical confinement loss and inter-core crosstalk (XT) for it and three other types of weakly coupled homogeneous 3M-4CFs, i.e., with step index (SI) cores, trench-assisted (TA) cores, and W-shaped (W) cores, with the standard 125-μm cladding diameter. We reveal that the CD-type 3M-4CF is efficient in suppressing optical confinement loss while maintaining a feasible inter-core XT. We confirm the feasibility of the proposed design concept on the basis of evaluating the optical characteristics for the fabricated CD-type 3M-4CF. We further optimize the design of the CD layer to achieve lower loss. We also show a tradeoff between the micro-bending loss sensitivity and the inter-core XT in our proposed CD structure.
Plasma assisted diffusion in porous materials: Experiments, modeling and applications (2016)

random stacking, catalytic film, fuel cell. Abstract. Plasma sputtering deposition of platinum on porous substrates is a relevant way for building high performance catalytic thin films. The knowledge and control of platinum density adsorbed in the porous medium, during deposition, are of primary importance. We show that the experimental concentration depth profiles originate from a superdiffusion phenomenon. Moreover experimental results are well described by a classical porous-fractal diffusion model, for which diffusion coefficient is also time-dependent, even if such a model does not include the proper physical mechanisms.
Steric acceleration of an uncatalysed ene reaction at room temperature (2001)

The bulky trityl steric buttress is used to effect an intramolecular, uncatalysed ene reaction that operates at room temperature, whilst smaller buttresses require heat.
State-Based Multi-parameter Probability Estimation for Context-Based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (2020)

In this paper we present a "State-Based Multi-Parameter Probability Estimation" (SBMP) for Context-Based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) which employs a two hypotheses probability estimator based on exponentially weighted moving averages. It uses a logarithmic state representation and a single subsampled transition table with only 32 elements for the probability update. This reduces the memory requirements virtually without affecting the compression efficiency, compared to corresponding approaches that use a linear state representation and a computation-based probability update. The proposed scheme is based on simple operations like table look-ups and additions. Compared to the state-of-the-art probability estimator of the video compression standard H.265/HEVC, the compression efficiency is increased by up to 1 % Bjøntegaard-Delta bit rate (BD rate) when applied to draft 2 of the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard. Furthermore, SBMP was recently adopted to working draft 2 of the MPEG-7 part 17 standard for compression of neural networks for multimedia content description and analysis.
Waveguide piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer array for short-range pulse-echo imaging (2015)

This paper presents an 8 × 24 element, 100 μm-pitch, 20 MHz ultrasound imager based on a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) array having integrated acoustic waveguides. The 70 μm diameter, 220 μm long waveguides function both to direct acoustic waves and to confine acoustic energy, and also to provide mechanical protection for the PMUT array used for surface-imaging applications such as an ultrasonic fingerprint sensor. The imager consists of a PMUT array bonded with a CMOS ASIC using wafer-level conductive eutectic bonding. This construction allows each PMUT in the array to have a dedicated front-end receive amplifier, which together with on-chip analog multiplexing enables individual pixel read-out with high signal-to-noise ratio through minimized parasitic capacitance between the PMUT and the front-end amplifier. Finite element method simulations demonstrate that the waveguides preserve the pressure amplitude of acoustic pulses over distances of 600 μm. Moreover, the waveguide design demonstrated here enables pixel-by-pixel readout of the ultrasound image due to improved directivity of the PMUT by directing acoustic waves and creating a pressure field with greater spatial uniformity at the end of the waveguide. Pulse-echo imaging experiments conducted using a one-dimensional steel grating demonstrate the array's ability to form a two-dimensional image of a target.
Chaperone-dependent amyloid assembly protects cells from prion toxicity (2008)

Protein conformational diseases are associated with the aberrant accumulation of amyloid protein aggregates, but whether amyloid formation is cytotoxic or protective is unclear. To address this issue, we investigated a normally benign amyloid formed by the yeast prion [RNQ(+)]. Surprisingly, modest overexpression of Rnq1 protein was deadly, but only when preexisting Rnq1 was in the [RNQ(+)] prion conformation. Molecular chaperones protect against protein aggregation diseases and are generally believed to do so by solubilizing their substrates. The Hsp40 chaperone, Sis1, suppressed Rnq1 proteotoxicity, but instead of blocking Rnq1 protein aggregation, it stimulated conversion of soluble Rnq1 to [RNQ(+)] amyloid. Furthermore, interference with Sis1-mediated [RNQ(+)] amyloid formation exacerbated Rnq1 toxicity. These and other data establish that even subtle changes in the folding homeostasis of an amyloidogenic protein can create a severe proteotoxic gain-of-function phenotype and that chaperone-mediated amyloid assembly can be cytoprotective. The possible relevance of these findings to other phenomena, including prion-driven neurodegenerative diseases and heterokaryon incompatibility in fungi, is discussed.
Bakteriální imunomodulátory využitelné v léčbě chronických dermatóz (2007)

V praci jsou uvedeny zkusenosti s lecbou chronicke stafylokokove pyodermie, akne, mikrobialniho i atopickeho ekzemu a recidivujiciho erysipelu bakterialnimi imunomodulatory – vakcinami. Lyofilizovane vakciny pro peroralni aplikaci jsou připravovany na Ustavu mikrobiologie FN a LF UP v Olomouci. Na kožni klinice je vakcinoterapie použivana vice než 30 let s velmi dobrým terapeutickým efektem. Pomoci již publikovaných výsledků u 1 017 pacientů jsou vymezeny indikace a kontraindikace lecby i davkovani vakciny.
Low‐ and high‐affinity concanavalin A binding to thymocyte plasma membrane vesicles (1976)

Binding of concanavalin A to isolated thymocyte membrane vesicles occurs through (a) numerous (approximately 6 x 106/cell equivalent) low-affinity sites (Ka = 1.3 x 105M-1) anf (b) fewer (approximately 0.4 x 106/cell equipment) specific receptors (Ka = 6.8 x 106 M-1) defined as 55,000 D glycoprotein and its multimers. Specific binding is positively-cooperative, with a Hill coefficient of approximately 1.8. Low concentrations of glutaraldehyde selectively crosslink the 55,000 D glycoprotein with replacement of positively-cooperative sites by high-affinity sites. It is proposed that concavalin A-binding induces multimerization of the 55,000 D glycoprotein.
Vaccination with MAGE-3 Protein Can Induce a Potent Immune Response in a Healthy Donor Which Can Be Adoptively Transferred Via Stem Cell Transplant (Tx) to a Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patient. (2005)

Abstract A MAGE-3 positive, stage IIIA MM patient with a twin donor provided a unique opportunity to study if vaccination with MAGE-3 protein induces immune responses in the healthy twin, and if these responses can be adoptively transferred to the patient and expanded by booster vaccines. The patient was treated with MEL 200 tandem Tx (Tx1: auto, Tx2: syngeneic) and MAGE-3 recombinant protein in ASO2B adjuvant. The MAGE-3 negative, identical twin donor received 3 vaccines and was leukapheresed (LP1) one week after the 3rd vaccine to store vaccine-induced immune cells. Donor G-CSF mobilized stem cells (Tx2) were transfused fresh to the patient after MEL conditioning. Donor LP1 was transfused to the patient 21 days post Tx2 and followed by 8 booster vaccines. The donor continued vaccinations and LP2 was collected one week after the 8th vaccine and transfused to the patient who had received 4 of 8 planned booster vaccines. Ab responses to MAGE-3 and controls NY-ESO-1, LAGE-1, MAGE-1, MAGE-4, and p-53 were assessed by ELISA. MAGE-3 specific CD8+ T-cell responses to autologous EBV transformed cells pulsed with pooled 20-mer overlapping peptides from MAGE-3 were assessed by ELISPOT. Neither twin had pre-existing anti-MAGE-3 humoral immunity. The donor twin developed MAGE-3 ab up to 1/6400. The patient had a detectable anti-MAGE-3 titer post donor Tx2 (1/400) which was boosted by subsequent vaccinations (1/1600). After the transfer of LP2 and vaccines 5–8, the patient had MAGE-3 ab titers similar to those in the donor. There was low but significant cross-reactivity only to MAGE-4. A vaccine-induced CD8+ cellular response to a previously undescribed MAGE-3115–123, HLA-A68 restricted epitope was observed in the donor and patient. MAGE-3115–123 is in the same region as (but is distinct from) two other known HLA-A2 and -B40 epitopes. Further studies with recombinant MAGE-3 protein and tetramers are in progress to study if this epitope is indeed naturally processed and presented. The patient is in CR nearly 1 yr post Tx2. We show for the first time that vaccinating a healthy donor with a defined cancer-testis antigen can induce both cellular and humoral responses and that such responses can be transferred and expanded post Tx in the recipient. Close inspection of the ab curves shows that humoral immunity was transferred with the donor stem cells (Tx2) and expanded in the patient by further booster vaccines. We could not establish with certainty that LP1 and LP2 contributed further to transferring humoral or cellular immunity. It is hoped that this approach may be used to induce a specific anti-MM immune response after autologous or allogeneic Tx and reduce MM relapse. Figure Figure
Effects of Very High Free-Stream Turbulence on the Jet-Mainstream Interaction in a Film Cooling Flow (1997)

Dispersion of coolant jets in a film cooling flow field is the result of a highly complex interaction between the film cooling jets and the mainstream. Understanding this complex interaction, particularly near the injection location, is critical for improving the predictive capabilities of existing film cooling models, especially when very high free-stream turbulence levels exist. This study uses a high frequency response temperature sensor to investigate the mean and fluctuating thermal field of a film cooling flow for two vastly different free-stream turbulence levels (0.5% and 20%). The high frequency response temperature sensor provides new information about the film cooling flow in terms of actual rms levels (Θ′), probability density functions (pdf’s), and frequency spectra of the thermal field. Results are presented for both free-stream conditions using round holes inclined at 35°, at a momentum flux ratio of I = 0.156 and density ratio of DR = 1.05. The mean thermal field results show severe degradation of the film cooling jet occurs with very high free-stream turbulence levels. Temperature rms results indicate levels as high as Θ′ = 0.25 exist at the jet-mainstream interface. More information is provided by the temperature pdf’s which are able to identify differences in the jet-mainstream interaction for the two free-stream conditions. With small free-stream turbulence, strong intermittent flow structures generated at the jet-mainstream interface disperse the jet by moving hot mainstream fluid into the coolant core, and ejecting coolant fluid into the mainstream. When the free-stream has large scales and very high turbulence levels, the jet-mainstream interface is obliterated by large scale turbulent structures originating from the free-stream which completely penetrate the coolant jet causing very rapid dispersion of the film cooling jet.
A New Investigation of Iron Cross Sections via Spherical-Shell Transmission Measurements and Particle Transport Calculations (2002)

We are engaged in a multi-year project to study neutron scattering interactions in iron, the principal objective of which is to investigate the well-known deficiency that exists in reactor pressure vessel neutron fluence determinations. Specifically, we are using the spherical-shell transmission method, employing iron shells with different thicknesses, and neutron time-of-flight measurements of the scattered neutrons, in an effort to precisely determine specific energy regions over which deficiencies in the non-elastic scattering cross section for neutron scattering in iron appear to exist. The analysis of the experimental data involves correlating the data with theoretical calculations of neutron transport through the iron spheres in order to evaluate the degree to which the calculated neutron spectra predict the measured spectra relative to different types of particle interactions. In doing so, we have developed new methodologies for performing neutron transport calculations that will be useful to a range of transport problems. Preliminary results show good agreement between the experimental data and the calculated distribution of neutron flight times over much of the data range, except for the contribution due to breakup neutrons.
A User Perspective Analysis on Augmented vs 3D Printed Prototypes for Product's Project Design (2016)

Although Augmented Reality use in rapid prototyping of digital artifacts is already a reality, its usage in the design of physical artifacts did not reach its full potential and faces an important competitor with the diffusion of 3D printing. This work presents and applies a detailed method to understand and compare the applicability of Augmented Reality and physical prototypes (3D printed) during product's project design. The proposed method was developed based on user's perspective and it was simulated with the development of an alarm clock radio, using expert and non-expert users in the field. Based on the experiments and their analysis, this research discusses the many qualities and drawbacks from Augmented Reality and 3D printing, exposing and validating different aspects of these tools for rapid prototyping.
FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING THE IMPLICATIONS OF ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS TO MARKET STRUCTURES (2007)

Understanding the economical effects of a technology has become more and more important. This has created a need for a conceptual framework to analyze the economic implications of technologies already in their design stage. So far, most of the research has been done in retrospect. Our framework is an organized approach to analyze this complex multidisciplinary task. The framework is experimented by analysing a case of a personalized mobile context-aware community web calendar. The market structure analysis concentrates on three solutions designed for the collection and distribution of user context and community information, an essential functionality for the service being developed.
Oxidative Stress of Neural, Hematopoietic, and Stem Cells: Protection by Natural Compounds (2007)

During natural aging, adult stem cells are known to have a reduced restorative capacity and are more vulnerable to oxidative stress resulting in a reduced ability of the body to heal itself. We report here that the proprietary natural product formulation, NT020, previously found to promote proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells, reduced oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of murine neurons and microglial cells in vitro. Furthermore, when taken orally for 2 weeks, cultured bone marrow stem cells from these mice exhibited a dose-related reduction of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. This preclinical study demonstrates that NT020 can act to promote healing via an interaction with stem cell populations and forms the basis of conducting a clinical trial to determine if NT020 exhibits similar health promoting effects in humans when used as a dietary supplement.
Identification of the basic immunologic defect in canine X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease (1992)

The focus of this thesis is on the immunologic abnormalities associated with the only known animal model of X-linked SCID in man, canine XSCID. Examination of the cell surface antigen expression of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) revealed a decreased percentage of mature T cells in XSCID dogs. However, nearly one-half of the dogs had nearly normal percentages of mature T cells in their PBL. The proliferative response of these mature T cells to mitogenic or PMA/A23187 stimulation was severely depressed. The inability of XSCID T cells to proliferate even when supplied with activated PKC and increased levels of calcium, by PMA and A23187, suggests that the gene defect resides in events distal to the generation of these second messengers. The addition of interleukin-2 (IL-2) was unable to normalize the proliferative response of the XSCID dog's PBL to mitogenic or PMA/A23187 stimulation. Examination of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression and IL-2 production by PBL following mitogenic stimulation demonstrated that XSCID PBL were incapable of significantly up-regulating their IL-2R, yet they were able to produce normal amounts of IL-2. The gene defect in XSCID dogs, therefore, impairs the expression of IL-2R, yet does not affect the production of IL-2. A dramatic decrease in thymic weight and cellularity was observed for XSCID thymuses. This large decrease in the total number of thymocytes suggests that the XSCID gene may be necessary for the proliferative burst in early T cell development. Flow cytometric evaluation of the thymocytes from XSCID dogs revealed a significant decrease in the percentages of CD3(L)+, and CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. Thus, the XSCID gene defect also profoundly alters the acquisition of CD3, CD4, and CD8, in XSCID thymuses. In conclusion, the XSCID gene defect in the dog both hinders the production of mature T cells at an early stage in T cell development, and prevents the proliferation of mature T cells.
Realtime online adaptive gesture recognition (2002)

We introduce an online adaptive algorithm for learning gesture models. By learning gesture models in an online fashion, the gesture recognition process is made more robust, and the need to train on a large training ensemble is obviated. Hidden Markov models are used to represent the spatial and temporal structure of the gesture. The usual output probability distributions-typically representing appearance-are trained at runtime exploiting the temporal structure (Markov model) that is either trained off-line or is explicitly hand-coded. In the early stages of runtime adaptation, contextural information derived from the application is used to bias the expectation as to which Markov state the system is in at any given time. We describe the Watch and Learn system, a computer vision system which is able to learn simple gestures online for interactive control.
Multiparametric plasma EV profiling facilitates diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy (2017)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is usually detected late in the disease process. Clinical workup through imaging and tissue biopsies is often complex and expensive due to a paucity of reliable biomarkers. We used an advanced multiplexed plasmonic assay to analyze circulating tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) in more than 100 clinical populations. Using EV-based protein marker profiling, we identified a signature of five markers (PDAC<sup>EV</sup> signature) for PDAC detection. In our prospective cohort, the accuracy for the PDAC<sup>EV</sup> signature was 84% [95% confidence interval (CI), 69 to 93%] but only 63 to 72% for single-marker screening. One of the best markers, GPC1 alone, had a sensitivity of 82% (CI, 60 to 95%) and a specificity of 52% (CI, 30 to 74%), whereas the PDAC<sup>EV</sup> signature showed a sensitivity of 86% (CI, 65 to 97%) and a specificity of 81% (CI, 58 to 95%). The PDAC<sup>EV</sup> signature of tEVs offered higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy than the existing serum marker (CA 19-9) or single-tEV marker analyses. This approach should improve the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Rail Clamp with Dynamic Time-Constant Adjustment (2016)

A dual time-constant rail clamp for protecting CMOS circuits during electrostatic discharge (ESD) events is described. In the new circuit, a relatively small time constant is dynamically adjusted after the clamp is triggered during the ESD event, to keep the clamp conducting and dissipate the full ESD energy. The design is area-efficient, can support applications with power-on times as fast as 200 ns, is immune to lock-on during normal powered-on operation, and corrects very quickly when accidentally triggered. The circuit is able to maintain robust performance over industry standard process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) conditions. Experimental results from fabricated silicon die and performance comparisons with the traditional circuit are presented.