gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescence degradation in phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices by hole space charges (2011)

We studied electroluminescence degradation in phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (PHOLEDs) and found that two distinctive mechanisms are responsible for device degradation depending on the device structure. For a device without a hole blocking layer (HBL), excess holes penetrate into the electron transport layer (ETL) and lead to the deterioration of the ETL adjacent to the interface of the emitting layer. The lower electron transport capacity of the degraded ETL alters the balance in hole/electron injection into the emitting layer and results in a decrease in the luminescence efficiency of the PHOLEDs. For a device with a HBL, on the other hand, holes accumulate and become trapped in the emitting layer, and result in a decrease in the luminescence efficiency of the PHOLEDs, likely due to their role in acting as exciton quenchers or as nonradiative charge recombination centers.
MIMO communications and inverse scattering (2009)

We have developed an analogy between MIMO communications and inverse scattering to show that there is a close correspondence between the SNR behaviors of the communications channel capacity, effective degrees of freedom, and the quality of a reconstructed inverse image. These results have application to a MIMO configuration with coherently linked base stations, which can realize a capacity gain similar to standard MIMO but in a non-multipath propagation environment. It will be of interest to demonstrate this experimentally.
Net Air Emissions from Electric Vehicles: The Effect of Carbon Price and Charging Strategies (2011)

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) may become part of the transportation fleet on time scales of a decade or two. We calculate the electric grid load increase and emissions due to vehicle battery charging in PJM and NYISO with the current generation mix, the current mix with a $50/tonne CO(2) price, and this case but with existing coal generators retrofitted with 80% CO(2) capture. We also examine all new generation being natural gas or wind+gas. PHEV fleet percentages between 0.4 and 50% are examined. Vehicles with small (4 kWh) and large (16 kWh) batteries are modeled with driving patterns from the National Household Transportation Survey. Three charging strategies and three scenarios for future electric generation are considered. When compared to 2020 CAFE standards, net CO(2) emissions in New York are reduced by switching from gasoline to electricity; coal-heavy PJM shows somewhat smaller benefits unless coal units are fitted with CCS or replaced with lower CO(2) generation. NO(X) is reduced in both RTOs, but there is upward pressure on SO(2) emissions or allowance prices under a cap.
Hospitalization and definitive radiotherapy in lung cancer: incidence, risk factors and survival impact (2020)

Our data show baseline factors can predict those who may be at increased risk for hospitalization, which was independently associated with increased mortality. Taken together, these data support the need for developing further studies aimed at early and aggressive interventions to decrease hospitalizations during treatment.
Potent Inhibition of Interleukin 1β-Mediated Human Melanoma (A375.6) Lysis by Corticosteroids, Staurosporine, and Tilorone (1989)

The mechanism of human interleukin (IL)-1 beta-mediated cytolysis was studied in a human melanoma cell line, A375.6. Purified recombinant human IL-1 beta produced 50% cytocidal activity at 50 pg/ml. A variety of compounds were tested for their ability to interfere with A375.6 lysis. Compounds were added simultaneously with IL-1 beta (100 pg/ml), and tumor cytolysis was measured after 72 hr of culture by release of 125I from DNA of A375.6 cells labeled with [125I]-dUrd. A variety of anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive agents (including auranofin, chloroquine, cyclosporin A, d-penicillamine) and several cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitors (AA-861, BW755c, and indomethacin) lacked protective activity. Similarly, phospholipase inhibitors (mepacrine and 4-bromophenacyl bromide), putrescine, inhibitors of lysosomal activity (chloroquine and NH4Cl), calcium channel blockers (nifedipine and verapamil), calmodulin inhibitors (W-7 and calmidazolium), and inhibitors of ADP ribosylation (nicotinamide and 3-aminobenzamide) were inactive. In contrast, corticosteroids (dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, and paramethasone acetate), tilorone, and protein kinase C inhibitors (1-[5-isoquinolinyl-sulfonyl]-2-methylpiperazine and staurosporine) significantly inhibited IL-1 beta-mediated A375.6 cytolysis. These compounds also interfered with tumor necrosis factor-mediated lysis of A375.6, suggesting common mechanisms of tumor cytotoxicity by these monokines. This model may be useful for delineating intracellular biochemical events integral to IL-1 action.
Study of forward Z + jet production in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 7 TeV (2014)

A measurement of the Z( + -)+jet production cross-section in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy s = 7 TeV is presented. The analysis is based on an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb -1 recorded by the LHCb experiment. Results are shown with two jet transverse momentum thresholds, 10 and 20 GeV, for both the overall cross-section within the fiducial volume, and for six differential cross-section measurements. The fiducial volume requires that both the jet and the muons from the Z boson decay are produced in the forward direction (2.0 < < 4.5). The results show good agreement with theoretical predictions at the second-order expansion in the coupling of the strong interaction.
Integrated analysis of chromosomal, microsatellite and epigenetic instability in colorectal cancer identifies specific associations between promoter methylation of pivotal tumour suppressor and DNA repair genes and specific chromosomal alterations (2007)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease in which genomic instability and DNA promoter methylation play important roles. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI) and promoter methylation of CRC-associated genes. Therefore, 71 CRCs were analysed for CIN and MSI by comparative genomic hybridization and the mononucleotide marker BAT-26, respectively. Promoter methylation of the tumour suppressor and DNA repair genes hMLH1, O(6)-MGMT, APC, p14(ARF), p16(INK4A), RASSF1A, GATA-4, GATA-5 and CHFR was analysed using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. These integrative analyses showed that in CIN+ CRCs, promoter methylation of GATA-4 and p16(INK4A) was inversely related to chromosomal loss at 15q11-q21 and gain at 20q13, respectively (P values: 3.8 x 10(-2) and 4.5 x 10(-2), respectively). Interestingly, promoter methylation of RASSF1A, GATA-4, GATA-5 and CHFR, as well as a high methylation index (MI), was positively related to chromosomal gain at 8q23-qter (P values: 1.5 x 10(-2), 3.8 x 10(-2), 3.9 x 10(-2), 4.9 x 10(-2) and 8.2 x 10(-3), respectively). MSI was associated with BRAF mutation, promoter methylation of hMLH1, APC and p16(INK4A) and a high MI (total number of methylated genes) (P values: 2.4 x 10(-2), 2.5 x 10(-3), 1.8 x 10(-2), 4.6 x 10(-2) and 1.0 x 10(-2), respectively). Therefore, we conclude that promoter methylation of pivotal tumour suppressor and DNA repair genes is associated with specific patterns of chromosomal changes in CRC, which are different from methylation patterns in MSI tumours.
Improving word-finding in assistive communication tools: a mixed-initiative approach (2010)

Navigating a vocabulary consisting of thousands of entries in order to select appropriate words for building communication is challenging for individuals with lexical access disorders like those caused by aphasia. Most existing assistive communication vocabularies have a lexical organization scheme based on a simple list of words. Some word collections are organized in hierarchies which often leads to deep and confusing searches; others are simply a list of arbitrary categories which causes excessive scrolling and a sense of disorganization. Ineffective vocabulary organization and navigation hurt the usability and adoption of assistive communication tools and ultimately fail to help users build functional communication. 
We argue that to provide effective word-finding, an assistive vocabulary needs to adapt to individual user's word usage patterns and to the semantic associations present in a speaker's mental lexicon, where words are stored and organized in ways that allow efficient access and retrieval. To test our thesis, we employ a mixed-initiative approach to the design of the Visual Vocabulary for Aphasia (ViVA). ViVA is adaptive in that it automatically models an individual user's mental lexicon according to psycholinguistic theories that propose a semantic network structure of the lexicon and spreading activation as supported by semantic priming. The vocabulary is also adaptable and can be customized to reflect user preferences. ViVA compensates for some of the impaired links in a user's mental lexicon by building a dynamic network where words are linked based on semantic association measures, human judgments of semantic similarity and past vocabulary usage. Thus, the tool tailors the vocabulary organization according to both user-specific information and general knowledge of human semantic memory. 
We evaluated how our system performs compared to a widely used vocabulary access system in which words are organized hierarchically into common categories and subcategories. The results indicate that word retrieval is significantly better with ViVA. In addition, we present results from a longitudinal single-case study with an aphasic participant which illustrates the importance of personal associations for creating an effective assistive vocabulary such as ViVA.
Epitaxial SrO interfacial layers for HfO2–Si gate stack scaling (2011)

We discuss the structural and electrical properties of scaled 2 nm HfO2/SrO gate stacks. Thin SrO layers are deposited by molecular beam epitaxy onto (001) p-Si substrates as alternative passivating interfacial layers (ILs) to SiO2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy show that, despite some HfO2–SrO intermixing, the SrO IL acts as a barrier against HfxSiy and SiO2 formation during high-κ deposition. Electrical measurements on metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors with TiN metal gates integrated in a low-temperature process flow reveal an equivalent oxide thickness of 5 Å with competitive leakage current and hysteresis and a negative flat band voltage shift, suitable for n-channel transistors.
ITC 1996 Lecture Series on Unpowered Opens Testing (2005)

This is the second year of an ITC experiment, the ITC Lecture Series on Unpowered Opens Testing (UOT). Open solder joints on printed circuit boards have become a frustrating problem in today’s era of advanced component packaging. This forum brings condensed technical and product information to board test engineers (and their managers) that will be immediately useful in their daily endeavors.
ESD defect localisation using photovoltaic laser stimulation techniques: optimization and interpretation (2004)

Alternative localization techniques to classical methods such as liquid crystal or photoemission microscopes (PEM) are studied. The aim of this article is to illustrate the suitability of Optical Beam Induced Current (OBIC) methods to accurately localize and analyze ESD defects, and to provide a global OBIC methodology.
Supplementary Table S1 from High-Order Drug Combinations Are Required to Effectively Kill Colorectal Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cell lines used in this study.&lt;/p&gt;
Convergence analysis of belief propagation for pairwise linear Gaussian models (2017)

Gaussian belief propagation (BP) has been widely used for distributed inference in large-scale networks such as the smart grid, sensor networks, and social networks, where local measurements/observations are scattered over a wide geographical area. One particular case is when two neighboring agents share a common observation. For example, to estimate voltage in the direct current (DC) power flow model, the current measurement over a power line is proportional to the voltage difference between two neighboring buses. When applying the Gaussian BP algorithm to this type of problem, the convergence condition remains an open issue. In this paper, we analyze the convergence properties of Gaussian BP for this pairwise linear Gaussian model. We show analytically that the updating information matrix converges at a geometric rate to a unique positive definite matrix with arbitrary positive semidefinite initial value and further provide the necessary and sufficient convergence condition for the belief mean vector to the optimal estimate.
Depth-of-field engineering in coded aperture imaging (2020)

Extending the depth-of-field (DOF) of an optical imaging system without effecting the other imaging properties has been an important topic of research for a long time. In this work, we propose a new general technique of engineering the DOF of an imaging system beyond just a simple extension of the DOF. Engineering the DOF means in this study that the inherent DOF can be extended to one, or to several, separated different intervals of DOF, with controlled start and end points. Practically, because of the DOF engineering, entire objects in certain separated different input subvolumes are imaged with the same sharpness as if these objects are all in focus. Furthermore, the images from different subvolumes can be laterally shifted, each subvolume in a different shift, relative to their positions in the object space. By doing so, mutual hiding of images can be avoided. The proposed technique is introduced into a system of coded aperture imaging. In other words, the light from the object space is modulated by a coded aperture and recorded into the computer in which the desired image is reconstructed from the recorded pattern. The DOF engineering is done by designing the coded aperture composed of three diffractive elements. One element is a quadratic phase function dictating the start point of the in-focus axial interval and the second element is a quartic phase function which dictates the end point of this interval. Quasi-random coded phase mask is the third element, which enables the digital reconstruction. Multiplexing several sets of diffractive elements, each with different set of phase coefficients, can yield various axial reconstruction curves. The entire diffractive elements are displayed on a spatial light modulator such that real-time DOF engineering is enabled according to the user needs in the course of the observation. Experimental verifications of the proposed system with several examples of DOF engineering are presented, where the entire imaging of the observed scene is done by single camera shot.
Systematic design of grid-current-based active damping for grid-connected LCL filters (2017)

This work investigates the using of high-pass filter (HPF) of the grid current to actively damp the resonance in grid-connected LCL filters. A new form for such HPF is deduced. Using this form, a systematic co-design procedures for the HPF along with the fundamental current regulator are presented to achieve pre-specified behavior. This behavior includes avoiding the non-minimum phase behavior along with achieving pre-specified requirements of fundamental loop gain and crossover frequency. Numerical example along with the experimental work are introduced at different resonant frequencies.
Diversity of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad Seeds Extracts: Detailed Chemical Profiling and Evaluation of Their Medicinal Properties (2023)

Seeds and fruits of <i>Citrullus colocynthis</i> have been reported to possess huge potential for the development of phytopharmaceuticals with a wide range of biological activities. Thus, in the current study, we are reporting the potential antimicrobial and anticancer properties of <i>C. colocynthis</i> seeds extracted with solvents of different polarities, including methanol (M.E.), hexane (H.E.), and chloroform (C.E.). Antimicrobial properties of <i>C. colocynthis</i> seeds extracts were evaluated on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, whereas, anticancer properties were tested on four different cell lines, including HepG2, DU145, Hela, and A549. All the extracts have demonstrated noteworthy antimicrobial activities with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.9-62.5 µg/mL against <i>Klebsiella planticola</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>; meanwhile, they were found to be moderately active (MIC 62.5-250 µg/mL) against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> strains. Hexane extracts have demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity against <i>K. planticola</i> with an MIC value of 0.9 µg/mL, equivalent to that of the standard drug ciprofloxacin used as positive control in this study. For anticancer activity, all the extracts of <i>C. colocynthis</i> seeds were found to be active against all the tested cell lines (IC<sub>50</sub> 48.49-197.96 µg/mL) except for the chloroform extracts, which were found to be inactive against the HepG2 cell line. The hexane extract was found to possess the most prominent anticancer activity when compared to other extracts and has demonstrated the highest anticancer activity against the DU145 cell line with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 48.49 µg/mL. Furthermore, a detailed phytoconstituents analysis of all the extracts of <i>C. colocynthis</i> seeds were performed using GC-MS and GC-FID techniques. Altogether, 43 phytoconstituents were identified from the extracts of <i>C. colocynthis</i> seeds, among which 21, 12, and 16 components were identified from the H.E., C.E., and M.E. extracts, respectively. Monoterpenes (40.4%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (41.1%) were the most dominating chemical class of compounds from the hexane and chloroform extracts, respectively; whereas, in the methanolic extract, oxygenated aliphatic hydrocarbons (77.2%) were found to be the most dominating chemical class of compounds. To the best of our knowledge, all the phytoconstituents identified in this study are being reported for the first time from the <i>C. colocynthis</i>.
Block copolymers containing stable radical and fluorinated blocks with long-range ordered morphologies prepared by anionic polymerization (2019)

We report a facile synthetic approach to create stable radical block copolymers containing a secondary fluorinated block via anionic polymerization using a bulky, sterically hindered countercation composed of a sodium ion and di-benzo-18-crown-6 complex. The synthetic conditions described in this report allowed for controlled molecular weights and dispersity (<1.3) of both homopolymers: poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-methacrylate) (PTMA) and poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PTFEMA) as well as their block copolymers (PTMA-<i>b</i>-PTFEMA). The stable radical concentration of the polymers was determined by electron spin resonance (ESR) and showed radical content above 70%. An analysis of the microphase morphologies in PTMA-<i>b</i>-PTFEMA thin films via atomic force microscopy (AFM) and grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) showed clear evidence of long-range ordering of lamellar and cylindrical morphologies with 32 and 36 nm spacing, respectively. The long-range ordering of the morphologies was developed with the aid of two separate neutral layers: PTMA-<i>ran</i>-PTFEMA-<i>ran</i>-poly(hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and poly(isobutyl methacrylate) (PiBMA)-<i>ran</i>-PTFEMA-<i>ran</i>-PHEMA, which helped us corroborate, along with the Zisman method, the surface energy estimation of PTMA to be 30.1 mJ/m<sup>2</sup>.
[Efficacy and safety of stimulants and non-stimulants in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)]. (2011)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood. Stimulants, including methylphenidate, as well as non-stimulants, have shown efficacy in treating adult ADHD. Comparative, double blind, placebo controlled studies, in adults with ADHD, demonstrate good efficacy and safety profile. Methylphenidate was found to be tolerable and safe in short term treatment when given in its immediate release and long-acting preparations to adults with ADHD. Methylphenidate treatment is recommended in cases when ADHD diagnosis was confirmed. Follow-up is required with special attention to possible cardiovascular, psychiatric and abusive side effects.
Fault-Tolerant Electrical Motor Drives for Aerospace Application (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper first reviews the application of fault-tolerant machine drives as a means of reaching the necessary reliability levels in aerospace applications with minimum weight penalty. The requirements of such machines will be reviewed and different motor topologies will be compared. Three examples of fault-tolerant drive system demonstrators will then be described including a novel flux-switching, permanent magnet, synchronous machine topology.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
<title>Multifunctional industrial combustion process monitoring with tunable diode lasers</title> (2001)

12 To address the inherent issues with extractive sampling, Air Liquide and PSI are collaborating on the development of an in-situ multi-functional near-IR tunable diode laser system. The system is specifically targeted for application in harsh combustion environments with flue gas temperatures &gt; 1600 degree(s)C and high particle densities. The multiplexing capability of the diode laser system allows near simultaneous detection of CO, O<SUB>2</SUB>, and H<SUB>2</SUB>O. These are essential species in characterizing the combustion state of the process, i.e., fuel-rich or fuel-lean, and the flue gas temperature. Sensor development and testing are conducted on a 700 kW oxy-fuel pilot furnace to evaluate the performance under simulated industrial conditions. Here we present pilot test results for dynamic stoichiometry changes, effect of particle entrainment, and air infiltration monitoring.