gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
QoS-Constrained information-theoretic sum capacity of reverse link CDMA. Systems (2006)

The information-theoretic sum capacity of reverse link CDMA systems with QoS constraints is investigated in this paper. Since the reverse link of CDMA systems are, for a given channel and noise conditions, interference-limited, the sum capacity can be achieved by optimally allocating the transmit powers of the mobile stations with the optimal (Shannon) coding. Unfortunately, the sum capacity is usually achieved via unfair resource allocation. This can be avoided by imposing QoS constraints on the system. The results here show that for a single cell system, the sum capacity can be achieved while meeting the QoS constraints with a semi-bang-bang power allocation strategy. Numerical results are then presented to show the multi-user diversity gain and the impact of QoS constraints. The implication of TDM operation in a practical reverse link CDMA system is also discussed.
View-dependent visualization for analysis of large datasets (2011)

Due to the impressive capabilities of human visual processing, interactive visualization methods have become essential tools for scientists to explore and analyze large, complex datasets. However, traditional approaches do not account for the increased size or latency of data retrieval when interacting with these often remote datasets. In this dissertation, I discuss two novel design paradigms, based on accepted models of the information visualization process and graphics hardware pipeline, that are appropriate for interactive visualization of large remote datasets. In particular, I discuss novel solutions aimed at improving the performance of interactive visualization systems when working with large numeric datasets and large terrain (elevation and imagery) datasets by using data reduction and asynchronous retrieval of view-prioritized data, respectively. 
First I present a modified version of the standard information visualization model that accounts for the challenges presented by interacting with large, remote datasets. I also provide the details of a software framework implemented using this model and discuss several different visualization applications developed within this framework. 
Next I present a novel technique for leveraging the hardware graphics pipeline to provide asynchronous, view-prioritized data retrieval to support interactive visualization of remote terrain data. I provide the results of statistical analysis of performance metrics to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. 
Finally I present the details of two novel visualization techniques, and the results of evaluating these systems using controlled user studies and expert evaluation. The results of these qualitative and quantitative evaluation mechanisms demonstrate improved visual analysis task performance for large numeric datasets.
Data from Generation 2.5 Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting the Androgen Receptor and Its Splice Variants Suppress Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cell Growth (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Enzalutamide (ENZ) is a potent androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC); however, progression to ENZ-resistant (ENZ-R) CRPC frequently occurs with rising serum PSA levels, implicating AR full-length (AR&lt;sub&gt;FL&lt;/sub&gt;) or variants (AR-Vs) in disease progression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; To define functional roles of AR&lt;sub&gt;FL&lt;/sub&gt; and AR-Vs in ENZ-R CRPC, we designed 3 antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) targeting exon-1, intron-1, and exon-8 in AR pre-mRNA to knockdown AR&lt;sub&gt;FL&lt;/sub&gt; alone or with AR-Vs, and examined their effects in three CRPC cell lines and patient-derived xenografts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; ENZ-R-LNCaP cells express high levels of both AR&lt;sub&gt;FL&lt;/sub&gt; and AR-V7 compared with CRPC-LNCaP; in particular, AR&lt;sub&gt;FL&lt;/sub&gt; levels were approximately 12-fold higher than AR-V7. Both AR&lt;sub&gt;FL&lt;/sub&gt; and AR-V7 are highly expressed in the nuclear fractions of ENZ-R-LNCaP cells even in the absence of exogenous androgens. In ENZ-R-LNCaP cells, knockdown of AR&lt;sub&gt;FL&lt;/sub&gt; alone, or AR&lt;sub&gt;FL&lt;/sub&gt; plus AR-Vs, similarly induced apoptosis, suppressed cell growth and AR-regulated gene expression, and delayed tumor growth &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. In 22Rv1 cells that are inherently ENZ-resistant, knockdown of both AR&lt;sub&gt;FL&lt;/sub&gt; and AR-Vs more potently suppressed cell growth, AR transcriptional activity, and AR-regulated gene expression than knockdown of AR&lt;sub&gt;FL&lt;/sub&gt; alone. Exon-1 AR-ASO also inhibited tumor growth of LTL-313BR patient-derived CRPC xenografts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These data identify the AR as an important driver of ENZ resistance, and while the contributions of AR&lt;sub&gt;FL&lt;/sub&gt; and AR-Vs can vary across cell systems, AR&lt;sub&gt;FL&lt;/sub&gt; is the key driver in the ENZ-R LNCaP model. AR targeting strategies against both AR&lt;sub&gt;FL&lt;/sub&gt; and AR-Vs is a rational approach for AR-dependent CRPC. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(7); 1675–87. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Constructing a robust PSCARTM process for EUV (Conference Presentation) (2018)

In order to lower the cost of ownership of EUV lithography, high sensitivity EUV resists , enabling higher throughput of EUV scanners are being explored. The concept that utilizes a <i>Photosensitized Chemically Amplified Resist</i><sup>TM</sup> (PSCAR<sup>TM</sup>) is a promising solution for achieving increased resist sensitivity, while maintaining other high performance characteristics of the material (i.e., resolution, line edge roughness (LER), exposure latitude). PSCAR uses a UV exposure after EUV exposure and selective absorption to meet these goals . Preliminary results have been discussed in previous papers <sup>1-8</sup>. PSCAR utilizes an area-selective photosensitization mechanism to generate more acid in the exposed areas during a UV exposure. PSCAR is an attempt to break the resolution, line-edge-roughness, and sensitivity trade-off (RLS trade-off) relationships that limit standard chemically amplified resists. The photosensitizer, which is generated in exposed area by a photoacid catalytic reaction, absorbs the UV exposure light selectively and generates additional acid in the exposed area only. Material development and UV exposure uniformity are the key elements of PSCAR technology for semiconductor mass fabrication. This paper will review the approaches toward improvement of PSCAR resist process robustness. The chemistry’s EUV exposure cycle of learning results from experiments at imec will be discussed.
440 MUSCULAR ENDURANCE AND STRENGTH FOLLOWING 7 DAYS OF BEDREST (1990)

Mazzocca, A. D.; Hayes, J. C.; Roper, M. L.; McBrine, J. J.; Barrows, L. H.; Hanis, B. A.; Siconoffi, S. F. FACSM. Author Information
A Novel energy management control of wayside Li-Ion capacitors-based energy storage for urban mass transit systems (2012)

The present paper deals with the energy management of stationary Li-Ion Capacitor energy storage (LC-ESS) applied in DC electrified mass transit systems. These transportation systems can benefit substantially from wayside energy storage devices for the recuperation of the kinetic energy during brakings and the limitation of supply currents during motoring. The proposed control evaluates analytically the LC-ESS reference current on the basis of the actual vehicles kinetic energies, taking properly into account the several efficiencies of the energy conversion chain. Some numerical simulations with respect to a case study and to realistic railway vehicles operations are presented, pointing out the potentiality of the tailored control technique. The results obtained show that the control is very effective and that the final choice of the storage size is a trade-off between energy saving and equipment cost.
Higher knee contact forces might underlie increased osteoarthritis rates in high functioning amputees: A pilot study (2020)

High functioning military transtibial amputees (TTAs) with well-fitted state of the art prosthetics have gait that is indistinguishable from healthy individuals, yet they are more likely to develop knee osteoarthritis (OA) of their intact limbs. This contrasts with the information at the knees of the amputated limbs that have been shown to be at a significantly reduced risk of pain and OA. The hypothesis of this study is that biomechanics can explain the difference in knee OA risk. Eleven military unilateral TTAs and eleven matched healthy controls underwent gait analysis. Muscle forces and joint contact forces at the knee were quantified using musculoskeletal modeling, validated using electromyography measurements. Peak knee contact forces for the intact limbs on both the medial and lateral compartments were significantly greater than the healthy controls (P ≤ .006). Additionally, the intact limbs had greater peak semimembranosus (P = .001) and gastrocnemius (P ≤ .001) muscle forces compared to the controls. This study has for the first time provided robust evidence of increased force on the non-affected knees of high functioning TTAs that supports the mechanically based hypothesis to explain the documented higher risk of knee OA in this patient group. The results suggest several protentional strategies to mitigate knee OA of the intact limbs, which may include the improvements of the prosthetic foot control, socket design, and strengthening of the amputated muscles.
Amplifier-Aware Multiple-Input Single-Output Capacity (2014)

We investigate multiple-input single-output channel capacity taking dissipation in the power amplifiers into account. We consider the case of a fixed channel with full channel state information (CSI) at both the transmitter and receiver. The capacity expression is given on closed form, and we show that the optimal solution is antenna selection. An algorithm for finding minimum consumed power for any given mutual information is further developed, and we show that the power-mutual information pair is capacity-achieving. We also investigate the ergodic Rayleigh fading channel with full CSI at the receiver and no instantaneous CSI at the transmitter. We devise a numerical approach which finds the global optimum given a quantization of the space of possible allocated powers. We further show that down to the simulation precision, the ergodic Rayleigh fading solution again is antenna selection. It is shown that the allocation algorithms have low computational complexity and give significant rate and total consumed power gains in comparison to previous state of the art.
Small Molecule Cyclic Amide and Urea Based Thickeners for Organic and sc-CO2/Organic Solutions (2016)

A series of cyclic amide and urea materials were prepared and screened as small molecule thickeners for organic solvents, dense CO2, and mixtures thereof. In addition to a cyclohexane or benzene core, both of which are mildly CO2-phobic, these molecules contained either ester, amide, or urea groups responsible for establishing intermolecular interactions necessary for increasing solution viscosity. These groups also function to connect siloxane or heavily acetylated CO2-philic segments to the cyclic core of the thickener molecule. Many of these compounds were shown to thicken conventional organic liquids (e.g., toluene, hexane), usually after heating and cooling the mixture. A propyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane-functionalized benzene trisurea material was also shown to thicken compressed liquid propane and butane. Attaining solubility and self-assembly in CO2 proved more challenging, however. Several ester, amide, and urea containing compounds were discovered that are soluble in dense CO2 at low loadings (0.5–2 wt %). For linear siloxane segments, increasing the number of silicon atoms provides greater solubility in dense CO2. Branched siloxane segments were shown to have superior solubility characteristics in dense CO2 to linear siloxanes of similar silicon content. However, only the propyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane-functionalized benzene trisurea and trisureas functionalized with varying proportions of propyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane and propyl-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-butyl groups exhibited remarkable viscosity increases (e.g., 3–300-fold at 0.5–2.0 wt %) in CO2, although high concentrations of an organic cosolvent (18–48 wt %) such as hexane were required to attain dissolution in CO2.
Effects of modulation defects on hadamard transform time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HT-TOFMS) (2003)

In any Hadamard multiplexing technique, discrepancies between the intended and the applied encoding sequences may reduce the intensity of real spectral features and create discrete, artificial signals. In our implementation of Hadamard transform time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HT-TOFMS), the encoding sequence is applied to the ion beam by means of an interleaved comb of wires (Bradbury-Nielson gate), which shutters the ion beam on and off. By isolating and exaggerating individual skewing effects in simulating the HT-TOFMS process, we determined the nature of errors that arise from various defects. In particular, we find that the most damaging defects are: mismatched voltages between the wire sets and the acceleration voltage of the instrument, which cause positive and negative peaks throughout mass spectra; insufficient deflection voltage, which reduces the intensity of real peaks and causes negative peaks that are spread across the entire mass range; and voltage errors as the wire sets return from their deflection voltage to their transmission value, which yield significant reductions in peak intensities, create artificial peaks throughout mass spectra, and broaden real peaks by causing positive peaks to grow in the bins adjacent to them. Because the magnitude of the modulation defects grows as the applied modulation voltage is increased, Bradbury-Nielson gates with finer wire spacing, and hence stronger effective fields for a given applied voltage, were produced and installed. Operating at 10 to 15 V where errors in the electronics are essentially absent, the most finely spaced gate (100 microm) yielded signal-to-noise ratios that were more than two times higher than those achieved with more widely spaced gates. As an alternative method for minimizing skewing effects, HT-TOFMS data were post processed using an exact knowledge of the modulation defects. Nonbinary matrices that mimic the actual encoding process were built by measuring voltage versus time traces and then translating these traces to transmission versus time. Use of these matrices in the deconvolution step led to marked improvements in spectral resolution but require full knowledge of the encoding defects.
From bench to bedside: preclinical evaluation of a self-inactivating gammaretroviral vector for the gene therapy of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (2013)

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by impaired antimicrobial activity in phagocytic cells. As a monogenic disease affecting the hematopoietic system, CGD is amenable to gene therapy. Indeed in a phase I/II clinical trial, we demonstrated a transient resolution of bacterial and fungal infections. However, the therapeutic benefit was compromised by the occurrence of clonal dominance and malignant transformation demanding alternative vectors with equal efficacy but safety-improved features. In this work we have developed and tested a self-inactivating (SIN) gammaretroviral vector (SINfes.gp91s) containing a codon-optimized transgene (gp91(phox)) under the transcriptional control of a myeloid promoter for the gene therapy of the X-linked form of CGD (X-CGD). Gene-corrected cells protected X-CGD mice from Aspergillus fumigatus challenge at low vector copy numbers. Moreover, the SINfes.gp91s vector generates substantial amounts of superoxide in human cells transplanted into immunodeficient mice. In vitro genotoxicity assays and longitudinal high-throughput integration site analysis in transplanted mice comprising primary and secondary animals for 11 months revealed a safe integration site profile with no signs of clonal dominance.
A novel sensor for high throughput preclinical radiotracer imaging (2013)

Preclinical imaging is a cornerstone of translational research, as all therapeutic drugs need to be tested for efficacy and toxicity on animals prior to human trials. Optical imaging techniques, such as bioluminescence and multispectral fluorescence imaging, currently dominate preclinical functional imaging despite their depth dependent limitations on quantitation and sensitivity. Translating drugs developed with these techniques to clinical models can therefore be difficult. Hence, clinically relevant nuclear imaging techniques, such as SPECT and PET, are therefore becoming increasingly used in preclinical imaging. Dedicated preclinical SPECT and PET systems are now available, but for many preclinical research groups this requires a significant investment in new equipment.
Intermodulation distortion characteristics of high-temperature superconducting dual-band bandpass filter (2011)

This paper presents the intermodulation distortion (IMD) characteristics of a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) dual-band bandpass filter (DBPF) comprising coplanar-waveguide quarter-wavelength resonator with odd- and even-mode resonant frequencies. The IMD characteristics are one of the most significant factors in order to elucidate the power handling capability (PHC) of HTS filters. The IMD measurements for HTS single-band filters have been reported, while those for HTS-DBPFs have not. This paper introduces the IMD characteristics of the HTS-DBPF when lower band and upper band signals are individually and simultaneously input to each passband, respectively. A 2.0-/3.5-GHz band HTS-DBPF is designed and fabricated as an example for the evaluation of the PHC. Experimental investigations confirm that the proposed HTS-DBPF is effective in achieving both flexible passband control and low IMD generation.
Structure and Surface Polarity of Poly(vinylformamide-co-vinylamine) (PVFA-co-PVAm)/Silica Hybrid Materials (2001)

Structure and surface polarity properties of poly(vinylformamide-co-vinylamine) (PVFA-co-PVAm)/silica hybrid materials are investigated by means of electrokinetic measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and solvatochromic probes. AFM measurements show the complete covering of the silica surface with the PVFA-co-PVAm layer, which has a thickness between 0.5 and 2 nm depending on the content of the poly(vinylamine) (PVAm) component of the copolymer. The ET(30) surface polarity parameters of PVFA-co-PVAm/silica hybrid particles were investigated by two differently substituted Reichardt's dyes, 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenyl-N-pyridino)phenolate (1) and its lipophilic derivative 2,6-di(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-[tris-2,4,6-(4-tert-butylphenyl-N-pyridino)]phenolate (2). Adsorption of the basic polymer PVFA-co-PVAm on silica significantly decreases the hydrogen bond donating capacity of the former silica surface, and therefore the ET(30) surface polarity decreases linearly with increasing the content of the PVAm component of the copolymer. Furthermore, it is shown that ET(30) surface polarity values of the PVAm-co-PVFA/silica particles measured with 2 in toluene correlate with the isoelectric points determined by means of electrokinetic measurements in diluted aqueous electrolyte solutions.
Redundant Information Neural Estimation (2021)

We introduce the Redundant Information Neural Estimator (RINE), a method that allows efficient estimation for the component of information about a target variable that is common to a set of sources, known as the "redundant information". We show that existing definitions of the redundant information can be recast in terms of an optimization over a family of functions. In contrast to previous information decompositions, which can only be evaluated for discrete variables over small alphabets, we show that optimizing over functions enables the approximation of the redundant information for high-dimensional and continuous predictors. We demonstrate this on high-dimensional image classification and motor-neuroscience tasks.
Data from Loss of RhoB Expression Promotes Migration and Invasion of Human Bronchial Cells Via Activation of AKT1 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, mainly due to its highly metastatic properties. Previously, we reported an inverse correlation between RhoB expression and the progression of the lung cancer, occurring between preinvasive and invasive tumors. Herein, we mimicked the loss of RhoB observed throughout lung oncogenesis with RNA interference in nontumoral bronchial cell lines and analyzed the consequences on both cell transformation and invasion. Down-regulation of RhoB did not modify the cell growth properties but did promote migration and invasiveness. Furthermore, RhoB depletion was accompanied by modifications of actin and cell adhesion. The specific activation of the Akt1 isoform and Rac1 was found to be critical for this RhoB-mediated regulation of migration. Lastly, we showed that RhoB down-regulation consecutive to K-RasV12 cell transformation is critical for cell motility but not for cell proliferation. We propose that RhoB loss during lung cancer progression relates to the acquisition of invasiveness mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and Rac1 pathways rather than to tumor initiation. [Cancer Res 2009;69(15):6092–99]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Real-World Application of Oral Therapy for Infective Endocarditis: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Cohort Study (2023)

These results demonstrate similar outcomes of real-world use of oral vs IV-only therapy for IE, in accord with prior randomized, controlled trials and meta-analyses.
Accurate Mass (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.