gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Node Pruning Criteria for Neural Networks Model Compression with Non-Linear Function and Non-Uniform Network Topology (2021)

This paper investigates node-pruning-based compression for non-uniform deep learning models such as acoustic models in automatic speech recognition (ASR). Node pruning for small footprint ASR has been well studied, but most studies assumed a sigmoid as an activation function and uniform or simple fully-connected neural networks without bypass connections. We propose a node pruning method that can be applied to non-sigmoid functions such as ReLU and that can deal with network topology related issues such as bypass connections. To deal with non-sigmoid functions, we extend a node entropy technique to estimate node activities. To cope with non-uniform network topology, we propose three criteria; inter-layer pairing, no bypass connection pruning, and layer-based pruning rate configuration. The proposed method as a combination of these four techniques and criteria was applied to compress a Kaldi's acoustic model with ReLU as a non-linear function, time delay neural networks (TDNN) and bypass connections inspired by residual networks. Experimental results showed that the proposed method achieved a 31% speed increase while maintaining the ASR accuracy to be comparable by taking network topology into consideration.
Impact of continuous learning on diagnostic breast MRI AI: evaluation on an independent clinical dataset (2022)

<b>Purpose:</b> We demonstrate continuous learning and assess its impact on the performance of artificial intelligence of breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the task of distinguishing malignant from benign lesions on an independent clinical test dataset. <b>Approach:</b> The study included 1979 patients with 1990 lesions who underwent breast MR imaging during 2015, 2016, and 2017, retrospectively collected under an IRB-approved protocol; there were 1494 malignant and 496 benign lesions based on histopathology. AI was conducted in the task of distinguishing malignant and benign lesions, and independent testing was performed to assess the effect of increasing the numbers of training cases. Five training sets mimicking clinical implementation of continuous AI learning included cases from (1) first quarter of 2015, (2) first half of 2015, (3) all 2015, (4) all 2015 and first half of 2016, and (5) all 2015 and 2016. All classifiers were evaluated on the 2017 independent test set. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) served as the performance metric and was calculated over all lesions in the test set, as well as only mass lesions and only non-mass enhancements. The Mann-Kendall test was used to determine if continuous learning resulted in a positive trend in classification performance. <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> was considered to be statistically significant. <b>Results:</b> Over the continuous training period, the selected feature subsets tended to become more similar and stable. Performance of the five training conditions on the independent test dataset yielded AUCs of 0.86 (95% CI: [0.83,0.90]), 0.87 (95% CI: [0.83,0.90]), 0.88 (95% CI: [0.84,0.91]), 0.89 (95% CI: [0.85,0.92]), and 0.89 (95% CI: [0.86,0.92]). The Mann-Kendall test indicated a statistically significant positive trend ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.0167</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) in classification performance with continuous learning. <b>Conclusions:</b> Improved diagnostic performance over time was observed when continuous learning of AI was implemented on an independent clinical test dataset.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Screening for Transcatheter Mitral Valve Implantation: Results from the CHOICE-MI Registry (2022)

Background: There is a considerable portion of patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) unsuitable for standard therapy as recommended by current guidelines. Transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI) represents a novel therapeutic alternative for these patients. The CHOICE-MI registry is a global, retrospective study aiming to assess outcomes of MR patients evaluated for TMVI who are unsuitable for standard therapy.
Electroluminescent Zinc(II) Bis(8-hydroxyquinoline):  Structural Effects on Electronic States and Device Performance (2002)

We present direct evidence for stable oligomers in vacuum-deposited thin films of zinc(II) bis(8-hydroxyquinoline) (Znq(2)). The tetramer [(Znq(2))(4)] is the energetically favored configuration in both the single crystal and the vacuum-deposited thin film. Oligomerization leads to distinct, symmetry-driven differences between the electronic states in Znq(2) and those in the archetypal organic electroluminescent molecule tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq(3)). In the case of the Znq(2) tetramer, symmetry leads to an extended network of overlapping pyridyl and phenolato moieties in the solid film. Analysis of the electronic structure of (Znq(2))(4) calculated by ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) methods reveals a localization and energy shift of high-lying occupied and low-lying unoccupied states on symmetry related ligands located on opposite sides of the supramolecular structure resulting in a dipole moment for (Znq(2))(4) tetramer close to zero. The optimal pi-overlap pathways, altered charge distributions, and extended electronic states of tetrameric Znq(2) may be expected to enable low operating voltage organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) based on Znq(2). We present preliminary evidence that the operating voltage of (Znq(2))(4)-based OLEDs is indeed lower than that of identical devices made with Alq(3). Strategic substitution of 8-hydroxyquinoline ligands and control of the structural symmetry of the corresponding metal chelates may offer a route to high efficiency and low operating voltage small molecule OLEDs.
In vitro and in vivo synergy of MCP compounds with mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway– and microtubule-targeting inhibitors (2007)

An important clinical task is to coherently integrate the use of protein-targeted drugs into preexisting therapeutic regimens, with the goal of improving treatment efficacy. Constitutive activation of Ras-dependent signaling is important in many tumors, and agents that inhibit this pathway might be useful in numerous therapeutic combinations. The MCP compounds were identified as inhibitors of Ras-Raf interactions and previously shown to inhibit multiple Ras-dependent transformation phenotypes when used as monoagents in cell culture analyses. In this study, we investigate the ability of the MCP110 compound to synergistically enhance the activity of other therapeutic agents. In both a defined K-Ras-transformed fibroblast model and in human tumor cell lines with mutationally activated Ras, MCP110 selectively synergizes with other agents targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and with multiple agents (paclitaxel, docetaxel, and vincristine) targeting the microtubule network. The synergistic activity of MCP110 and paclitaxel was further established by experiments showing that in Kaposi's sarcoma oncogenically transformed cell lines, cellular models for tumors treated with taxanes in the clinic and in which Raf-dependent signaling plays an important role, MCP110 synergizes with paclitaxel and limit growth. Finally, in vivo testing indicate that MCP110 is bioavailable, inhibits the growth of LXFA 629 lung and SW620 colon carcinoma cells in xenograft models, and again strongly synergizes with paclitaxel. Together, these findings indicate that MCP compounds have potential to be effective in combination with other anticancer agents.
Chemistry and electrochemistry of concentric ring cathode Li1.42Ni0.25Mn0.75O2+γ for lithium batteries (2012)

A co-precipitation method in a continuous stirred tank reactor was developed to synthesize the carbonate precursor Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3 for the cathode material Li1.42Ni0.25Mn0.75O2+γ. Both the precursor and the cathode materials were studied by a variety of characterization methods in order to establish a link between the compositions, structures, and physical properties of these compounds and the electrochemical properties of the Li1.42Ni0.25Mn0.75O2+γ cathode. The precursor particles were found to have concentric ring architectures during the co-precipitation reaction, resulting in spherical particles composed of 20 μm bulky cores around which several shells/layers formed. The variation in the number of layers grown on each precursor particle led to a wide size distribution for both the precursor and cathode compounds. Cathode particles whose sizes were above 20 μm yielded lower specific capacities due to the diminished lithium ion diffusion across the voids that separate the subsequent shells. The ring architecture of the particles can be destroyed by soft ball milling, which improves the overall electrochemical performance of the cathode.
Frontiers in Orthobiologics for the Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Ankle Joint (2020)

Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in
orthobiologics for osteochondral lesions...
TASK GRAPH PARTITIONING AND MAPPING IN A RECONFIGURABLE PARALLEL ARCHITECTURE (1995)

The goal of a task graph partitioning and mapping strategy is to reduce the communication overhead in a parallel application. Much of the past work in this area has been in the context of a static network topology. Here we show that the flexibility provided by a reconfigurable network can help lower the overhead and provide additional performance gains. However, since a reconfigurable network can be set to many different topologies, a new approach for the mapping problem must be formulated. Our research is based on the Interconnection Cached Network (ICN) a prototype of which is currently under development. The ICN is a reconfigurable network suited for exploiting switching locality in applications. "Switching locality" refers to the phenomenon in parallel applications of having each task mostly communicating (switching) between a small set of other tasks. As evidenced by the sparse nature of most task graphs, this phenomenon is common to many parallel applications. We describe the ICN architecture, the problem of mapping task graphs in the ICN, and the performance advantages of complementing clever partitioning strategies with topology reconfiguration.
Kinematics of the normal trapeziometacarpal joint (1994)

Motion of the trapeziometacarpal joint was studied in 12 hands from fresh human cadavera. By use of a magnetic tracking system, a full range of motion of the first metacarpal was analyzed with respect to a defined trapezial coordinate system. The traces of the reference points on the head and base of the first metacarpal were monitored, and the instantaneous centers of rotation were calculated. During circumduction, the reference points on the head and base followed elliptical paths but in opposite directions. The average instantaneous center of circumduction was at approximately the center of the trapezial joint surface. In flexion-extension, the axis of rotation was located within the trapezium, and the path of the head was identical to the path of the base. In abduction-adduction, the axis of rotation was located distal to the trapezium within the base of the first metacarpal, and the base and head moved in opposite directions. There was no single center of rotation; rather, instantaneous motion occurred reciprocally between these centers of rotation within the trapezium and metacarpal base in the normal thumb. This changing instantaneous center of rotation results in a unique pattern of motion which is related to congruent, tightly constrained joint surfaces of two reciprocal saddle joints and to precisely positioned extraarticular ligaments.
The Influence of Dosage Time of Midazolam on Its Pharmacokinetics and Effects in Humans (1992)

KOOPMANS, R.; DINGEMANSE, J.; DANHOF, M.; HORSTEN, G. P. M.; VAN BOXTEL, C. J. Author Information
Solvation of Ion Pairs: The Poisson-Langevin Model (2009)

Salt bridges play an important role in protein stability and protein-protein interactions.We have computed the electrostatics free energies of analogues of charged amino acid sidechains using two different implicit solvent models, the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) model and our own Poisson-Langevin (PL) model,and compared their values to results from explicit solvent free energy calculations. A systematic difference is observed between the PB and explicit results, which we attribute to the basic assumption of PB that water density is constant.In contrast, the PL results match remarkably well with the explicit solvent results.We attribute this success to the ability of the PL model to give a realistic picture of the dielectric response of water to the presence of charged molecules.
Operative Management of the Prenatally Diagnosed Choledochal Cyst (2004)

Improvement in prenatal ultrasonography is leading to diagnose choledochal cyst before birth and before onset of classical symptom more frequently.But, there is a controversy about optimal timing for cyst excision of prenatally diagnosed asymptomatic choledochal cyst.To identify the most appropriate timing for surgery in prenatally diagnosed choledochal cysts, we analyzed 6 patients who had operation for choledochal cysts within 30days after birth at the division of Pediatric Surgery, Samsung Medical Center and Inha University School of Medicine, from June 1995 to June 2002.Males were four and females 2, the mean age at operation was 11.2 days, and the median age 8.0 days.The range of gestational ages of the antenatal diagnosis of bile duct dilatation was 24 weeks to 32 weeks, mean was 38.3 weeks, and mean birth weight was 3,298.3g.After birth, abdominal ultrasonography, hepatobiliary scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancratography (MRCP) were performed.Mean age at operation was 11.2 days.All patients had the cyst excision and Rouxen-Y hepaticojejunostomy.Immediate postoperative complication was not found.During the median follow-up period of 41 months, one patient was admitted due to cholangitis, and the other due to variceal bleeding.Early operative treatment of asymptomatic newborn is safe and effective to prevent developing complications later in life.
Process Modeling of Solid Source Phosphorus Diffusions Using SUPREM-III (1990)

Carborundum PH-1025 Solid Planar Diffusion Sources were used to perform a statistically designed diffusion matrix. The data taken from this matrix included junction depth, sheet resistance and transferred glass thickness. Modifications to the existing SUPREM-Ill diffusion model failed to produce good correlation between SUPREM-Ill and the experimental data.
Data from "Manifestations of metastable criticality in glassy water-like models detected by large-scale structural properties" (2020)

A full description of the structure of the dataset and how to reproduce the figures in the manuscript are given in the dataset README file. This dataset is too large to download directly from this item page. You can access and download the data via Globus at this link: https://app.globus.org/file-manager?origin_id=dc43f461-0ca7-4203-848c-33a9fc00a464o sign-in is required).
Putative role of the adenosine A3 receptor in the antiproliferative action of N 6-(2-isopentenyl)adenosine (2011)

We tested a panel of naturally occurring nucleosides for their affinity towards adenosine receptors. Both N (6)-(2-isopentenyl)adenosine (IPA) and racemic zeatin riboside were shown to be selective human adenosine A(3) receptor (hA(3)R) ligands with affinities in the high nanomolar range (K (i) values of 159 and 649 nM, respectively). These values were comparable to the observed K (i) value of adenosine on hA(3)R, which was 847 nM in the same radioligand binding assay. IPA also bound with micromolar affinity to the rat A(3)R. In a functional assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with hA(3)R, IPA and zeatin riboside inhibited forskolin-induced cAMP formation at micromolar potencies. The effect of IPA could be blocked by the A(3)R antagonist VUF5574. Both IPA and reference A(3)R agonist 2-chloro-N (6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methylcarboxamide (Cl-IB-MECA) have known antitumor effects. We demonstrated strong and highly similar antiproliferative effects of IPA and Cl-IB-MECA on human and rat tumor cell lines LNCaP and N1S1. Importantly, the antiproliferative effect of low concentrations of IPA on LNCaP cells could be fully blocked by the selective A(3)R antagonist MRS1523. At higher concentrations, IPA appeared to inhibit cell growth by an A(3)R-independent mechanism, as was previously reported for other A(3)R agonists. We used HPLC to investigate the presence of endogenous IPA in rat muscle tissue, but we could not detect the compound. In conclusion, the antiproliferative effects of the naturally occurring nucleoside IPA are at least in part mediated by the A(3)R.
Ion/Neutral Exchange Reaction (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
What's new in skin resurfacing and rejuvenation? (2010)

Skin resurfacing and rejuvenation techniques have experienced significant advances in the last few decades, and new devices are continuously being introduced into the marketplace. The large number of available modalities such as fractional lasers, radiofrequency systems, microdermabrasion, laser-assisted lipolysis, and ultrasound provides practitioners with a wide array of choices to address the needs of cosmetic patients. Many of the newer technologies, such as devices that integrate a fractional delivery system, provide excellent results with few adverse side effects. However, proper perioperative management is essential to achieving the desired effects. Furthermore, practitioners must be fluent with the operation and expected complications of these new technologies. While there are many overlapping treatment indications for each of the devices mentioned above, some modalities offer distinct advantages making proper patient selection essential. In certain cases, utilizing various combinations of mechanical, optic, acoustic, and electrical energies may be necessary to achieve the desired outcomes. This review discusses the application of new and existing skin rejuvenation techniques to clinical practice. A particular emphasis is placed on the use of fractional, radiofrequency, microdermabrasion, laser-assisted lipolysis, and ultrasound devices.
Characterization and modeling methodology for the evaluation of statistical variation of MOSFETs (2012)

A methodology for the investigation of CMOS variability using statistical measurements (spot, IV and CV) on single CMOS devices and matched pairs has been presented. Results on 180 nm and 90 nm technologies have been discussed. An extension of the available variability models has been proposed to account for the experimental spread of the absolute threshold voltage values. Variability of carrier mobility and its dependence on halo doping has been pointed out.
Noise Statistics Update Adaptive Beamformer With PSD Estimation for Speech Extraction in Noisy Environment (2008)

This paper addresses the problem of extracting a desired speech source from a multispeaker environment in the presence of background noise. A new adaptive beamforming structure is proposed for this speech enhancement problem. This structure incorporates power spectral density (PSD) estimation of the speech sources together with a noise statistics update. An inactive-source detector based on minimum statistics is developed to detect the speech presence and to track the noise statistics. Performance of the proposed beamformer is investigated and compared to the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer with or without a postfilter in a real hands-free communication environment. Evaluations show that the proposed beamformer offers good interference and noise suppression levels while maintaining low distortion of the desired source.
Interplay between external inputs and recurrent dynamics during movement preparation and execution in a network model of motor cortex (2022)

Abstract The primary motor cortex has been shown to coordinate movement preparation and execution through computations in approximately orthogonal subspaces. The underlying network mechanisms, and the roles played by external and recurrent connectivity, are central open questions that need to be answered to understand the neural substrates of motor control. We develop a recurrent neural network model that recapitulates the temporal evolution of neuronal activity recorded from the primary motor cortex of a macaque monkey during an instructed delayed-reach task. In particular, it reproduces the observed dynamic patterns of covariation between neural activity and the direction of motion. We explore the hypothesis that the observed dynamics emerges from a synaptic connectivity structure that depends on the preferred directions of neurons in both preparatory and movement-related epochs, and we constrain the strength of both synaptic connectivity and external input parameters from data. While the model can reproduce neural activity for multiple combinations of the feedforward and recurrent connections, the solution that requires minimum external inputs is one where the observed patterns of covariance are shaped by external inputs during movement preparation, while they are dominated by strong direction-specific recurrent connectivity during movement execution, in agreement with recent experimental findings on the relationship between motor–cortical and motor–thalamic activity, both before and during movement execution. Our model also demonstrates that the way in which single-neuron tuning properties change over time can explain the level of orthogonality of preparatory and movement-related subspaces.
Triggering HIV polyprotein processing by light using rapid photodegradation of a tight-binding protease inhibitor (2015)

HIV protease (PR) is required for proteolytic maturation in the late phase of HIV replication and represents a prime therapeutic target. The regulation and kinetics of viral polyprotein processing and maturation are currently not understood in detail. Here we design, synthesize, validate and apply a potent, photodegradable HIV PR inhibitor to achieve synchronized induction of proteolysis. The compound exhibits subnanomolar inhibition in vitro. Its photolabile moiety is released on light irradiation, reducing the inhibitory potential by 4 orders of magnitude. We determine the structure of the PR-inhibitor complex, analyze its photolytic products, and show that the enzymatic activity of inhibited PR can be fully restored on inhibitor photolysis. We also demonstrate that proteolysis of immature HIV particles produced in the presence of the inhibitor can be rapidly triggered by light enabling thus to analyze the timing, regulation and spatial requirements of viral processing in real time.