gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
X-Disco: Cross-technology Neighbor Discovery (2022)

With the explosive proliferation of wireless devices, our lives are improved by various applications supported by heterogeneous wireless technologies, such as WiFi and ZigBee. However, the coexistence of WiFi and ZigBee also results in the degradation of the network performance, which cannot be avoided if the WiFi devices are even unaware of the ambient ZigBee devices. To better accommodate the heterogeneous wireless devices, this paper presents X-Disco, the first cross-technology neighbor discovery mechanism, for a WiFi device to detect ZigBee neighbors, without modification to hardware or firmware. With the help of the recently proposed cross-technology communication, X-Disco enables a commodity WiFi device to trigger responses, containing ZigBee neighbor information, from the ambient ZigBee coordinators (including routers). Through exploring the WiFi PHY-layer information accessible by WiFi driver, X-Disco decodes the responded ZigBee messages and obtains the ZigBee neighbor information. To improve X-Disco's reliability, we also propose ZigBee neighbor validation and interruption mitigation to exclude hidden node terminals and mitigate the interference caused by the ambient WiFi traffic respectively. The evaluation of X-Disco is performed on the commodity devices (TP-Link WDR 4300 WiFi router, TelosB motes) and USRP B210. The results demonstrate X-Disco successfully detects nine ZigBee neighbors within 70ms in the office.
FREUNDLICH AND DUAL LANGMUIR ISOTHERM MODELS FOR PREDICTING 137Cs BINDING ON SAVANNAH RIVER SITE SOILS (2007)

Distribution of 137Cs and stable cesium between aqueous solution and near-surface soil samples from five locations at the Savannah River Site was measured in order to develop a predictive model for 137Cs uptake by the soils. Sorption of 137Cs in these soils appears to be mostly by hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite. Batch sorption studies with 4 d for equilibration were conducted at three cesium concentrations and at two backing electrolyte (NaNO3) concentrations. The soil-solution mixtures were pH-adjusted to evaluate the effects of pH on cesium sorption. Sorbed cesium was related to the equilibrium aqueous cesium concentrations by a Freundlich isotherm model. Model fits on logarithmic scales have a common slope of 0.60 +/- 0.03 for acidic mixtures and 0.69 +/- 0.04 for neutralized mixtures but have unique intercepts that are influenced by backing electrolyte concentration and pH. An ion-exchange model is proposed that pertains to all five soils and relates the Freundlich isotherms to the cation exchange capacity of soil and the aqueous concentrations of cesium, sodium, and a third ionic species that was hydrogen in the acidic mixtures and potassium in the neutralized mixtures. Model fits are consistent with Kd values in the entire range of 5-2,300 L kg(-1) determined for the five soil types. As an alternate model, dual Langmuir isotherms were fitted to the data. The results suggest cesium sorption by (1) relatively few interlayer-wedge sites, highly selective for cesium, and (2) much more abundant but less selective sites on internal and external planar surfaces.
Mechanical properties of single supramolecular polymers from correlative AFM and fluorescence microscopy (2016)

We characterize the structure and mechanical properties of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide (BTA) supramolecular polymers using correlative AFM and fluorescence imaging.
Tomographic Fluorescence Imaging of Tumor Vascular Volume in Mice (2007)

FMT is a tomographic optical imaging technique that, in conjunction with appropriate fluorescent probes, allows quantitative visualization of biologic processes.
Rat and Drosophila Synaptotagmin 4 Have Opposite Effects during SNARE-catalyzed Membrane Fusion (2010)

Synaptotagmins (Syt) are a large family of proteins that regulate membrane traffic in neurons and other cell types. One isoform that has received considerable attention is SYT4, with apparently contradictory reports concerning the function of this isoform in fruit flies and mice. SYT4 was reported to function as a negative regulator of neurotrophin secretion in mouse neurons and as a positive regulator of secretion of a yet to be identified growth factor from muscle cells in flies. Here, we have directly compared the biochemical and functional properties of rat and fly SYT4. We report that rat SYT4 inhibited SNARE-catalyzed membrane fusion in both the absence and presence of Ca(2+). In marked contrast, fly SYT4 stimulated SNARE-mediated membrane fusion in response to Ca(2+). Analysis of chimeric molecules, isolated C2 domains, and point mutants revealed that the C2B domain of the fly protein senses Ca(2+) and is sufficient to stimulate fusion. Rat SYT4 was able to stimulate fusion in response to Ca(2+) when the conserved Asp-to-Ser Ca(2+) ligand substitution in its C2A domain was reversed. In summary, rat SYT4 serves as an inhibitory isoform, whereas fly SYT4 is a bona fide Ca(2+) sensor capable of coupling Ca(2+) to membrane fusion.
Characterization of Synthetic Polymers Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization−Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (1996)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization−time of flight mass spectrometry was used for a detailed characterization of three synthetic polymers. It has been demonstrated that the necessary components of the matrix required for effective desorption of intact oligomer ions depend on the properties of the synthetic polymer. Molecular weight averages were obtained for polystyrene and poly(ethylene glycol) samples by calculating the centroid of the distribution. Polyesters, synthesized from enzymatic polytransesterification of adipic acid esters with 1,4-butanediol, were characterized in detail to obtain significant structural information. Intact oligomer ions, cationized with Na+ were detected in the mass range 200−9000. The polyester species detected were terminated at both ends either with OH groups or by a COOH group and an OH group. The presence of these species was confirmed by quantifying the isotopic abundances of these cations and verifying them with theoretical predictions. The presence of -COOH termination was not detected using 1H-NMR, even at low polymer molecular weights. The repeat unit of the polyester was confirmed from the spacing between consecutive peaks with the same end groups. The presence of acid-terminated species was also confirmed by direct titration of the polyester.
Long-Term Course of Patients With Stage IA Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Report From the German Hodgkin Study Group (2015)

Tumor control in this analysis was equivalent with CMT, EF-RT, and IF-RT. Therefore, IF-RT, which is associated with the lowest risk for the development of toxic effects, should be considered as standard of care for patients with stage IA NLPHL. Rituximab alone is associated with an increased risk of relapse in this patient population.
Terahertz characterization of electronic components and comparison of terahertz imaging with x-ray imaging techniques (2015)

THz radiation is capable of penetrating most of nonmetallic materials and allows THz spectroscopy to be used to image the interior structures and constituent materials of wide variety of objects including Integrated circuits (ICs). The fact that many materials in THz spectral region have unique spectral fingerprints provides an authentication platform to distinguish between authentic and counterfeit electronic components. Counterfeit and authentic ICs are investigated using a high-speed terahertz spectrometer with laser pulse duration of 90 fs and repetition rate of 250 MHz with spectral range up to 3 THz. Time delays, refractive indices and absorption characteristics are extracted to distinguish between authentic and counterfeit parts. Spot measurements are used to develop THz imaging techniques. In this work it was observed that the packaging of counterfeit ICs, compared to their authentic counterparts, are not made from homogeneous materials. Moreover, THz techniques were used to observe different layers of the electronic components to inspect die and lead geometries. Considerable differences between the geometries of the dies/leads of the counterfeit ICs and their authentic counterparts were observed. Observing the different layers made it possible to distinguish blacktopped counterfeit ICs precisely. According to the best knowledge of authors the reported THz inspection techniques in this paper are reported for the first time for authentication of electronic components. Wide varieties of techniques such as X-ray tomography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and optical inspections using a high resolution microscope have also been being employed for detection of counterfeit ICs. In this paper, the achieved data from THz material inspections/ THz imaging are compared to the obtained results from other techniques to show excellent correlation. Compared to other techniques, THz inspection techniques have the privilege to be nondestructive, nonhazardous, less human dependent and fast.
Influenza vaccines differentially regulate the interferon response in human dendritic cell subsets (2017)

Human dendritic cells (DCs) play a fundamental role in the initiation of long-term adaptive immunity during vaccination against influenza. Understanding the early response of human DCs to vaccine exposure is thus essential to determine the nature and magnitude of maturation signals that have been shown to strongly correlate with vaccine effectiveness. In 2009, the H1N1 influenza epidemics fostered the commercialization of the nonadjuvanted monovalent H1N1 California vaccine (MIV-09) to complement the existing nonadjuvanted trivalent Fluzone 2009-2010 vaccine (TIV-09). In retrospective studies, MIV-09 displayed lower effectiveness than TIV-09. We show that TIV-09 induces monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs), blood conventional DCs (cDCs), and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) to express CD80, CD83, and CD86 and secrete cytokines. TIV-09 stimulated the secretion of type I interferons (IFNs) IFN-α and IFN-β and type III IFN interleukin-29 (IL-29) by moDC and cDC subsets. The vaccine also induced the production of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, and the chemokines IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β). Conversely, MIV-09 did not induce the production of type I IFNs in moDCs and blood cDCs. Furthermore, it inhibited the TIV-09-induced secretion of type I IFNs by these DCs. However, both vaccines induced pDCs to secrete type I IFNs, indicating that different influenza vaccines activate distinct molecular signaling pathways in DC subsets. These results suggest that subtypes of nonadjuvanted influenza vaccines trigger immunity through different mechanisms and that the ability of a vaccine to induce an IFN response in DCs may offset the absence of adjuvant and increase vaccine efficacy.
Five-level virtual-flux direct power control for the active neutral-point clamped multilevel inverter (2008)

Although multilevel inverters present numerous advantages such as high quality waveform, low switching losses, high voltage capability and low electromagnetic compatibility concerns, some drawbacks are evident. They require a higher number of semiconductors and either multiple isolated dc sources or a bank of series connected capacitors. Consequently, the control complexity increases considerably, since more switching devices normally result in a higher number of possible combinations and the balance of the capacitors has to be guaranteed. But on the other hand, multilevel inverters create an extra degree of freedom due to existing redundant voltage vectors, which produce the same output phase voltage level but with diverse effect on the dc-link and floating capacitors. Among the existing control techniques the virtual-flux direct power control (VF-DPC) has showed to be very suitable for grid connected systems since it controls the active and reactive powers directly without any internal current control loop or PWM modulator. However, in order to adapt the VF-DPC for multilevel systems, specifically for the recently proposed five-level Active Neutral-Point Clamped converter, additional features must be included and/or modified in the inner main control loop. In order to allow the controller to select a higher number of available voltage vectors, the active and reactive power hysteresis strategies are modified. Additionally, a method to balance the dc-link and floating capacitor voltages by applying available redundant states is implemented, based on the actual condition of the voltage across the lower dc-link and floating capacitors, as well output phase currents direction. The proposed five-level VF-DPC has been implemented using a 6 kW five-level prototype and has shown good static and dynamic performance.
A Crosshair Light Sharing PET Detector With DOI and TOF Capabilities Using Four-to-One Coupling and Single-Ended Readout (2020)

To improve positron emission tomography (PET) image quality, depth-of-interaction (DOI) information and time-of-flight (TOF) information are key technologies. In this work, we developed the DOI-TOF detector based on our original single-ended readout scheme with the continuous layered gadolinium fine aluminum garnet (GFAG) array. The size of each GFAG crystal is 1.45×1.45×20 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The multipixel photon counter (MPPC) used as a photo sensor has a surface area of 3.0×3.0 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . One pair of crystals coupled with a partial optical window is arranged across two MPPCs. Boundaries without the partial optical window are covered with optical reflectors. Each pair is coupled with paired MPPCs of different patterns. Crystal identification is obtained from paired MPPCs of different patterns and output rates. By limiting the spread of scintillation light, the proposed DOI detector based on the local centroid calculation was expected to improve crystal response, including the edge. For performance comparison, we prepared three discrete layers of the GFAG array with the same total thickness. For the continuous layer, the DOI resolution, the energy resolution and the timing resolution of the pair of detectors are 4.7 mm, 14%, and 402 ps, respectively. Their respective values are 29%, 20%, and 33% better than those with the three discrete layers.
Biochemical characterization of amyloid derived from the variable region of the k light chain subgroup III (1990)

We report the clinical data and results of biochemical studies of amyloid in a postpartum patient. The amyloidosis was not associated with myeloma, and immunopathologic examination of the amyloid deposits gave inconclusive results. Biochemical analysis of the deposits proved that the amyloid protein JUN was derived from the variable region of the kappa light chain subgroup III and is homologous to a rarely expressed protein POM, which was previously shown to have rheumatoid factor activity. The significance of this association and the diagnostic problems associated with certain cases of amyloid derived from immunoglobulin light chain (type AL) are discussed.
Solid-State Characterization of Reduced Silver Vanadium Oxide from the Li/SVO Discharge Reaction (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid-State Characterization of Reduced Silver Vanadium Oxide from the Li/SVO Discharge ReactionRandolph A. Leising, William C. Thiebolt III, and Esther Sans TakeuchiCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 25, 5733–5740Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00103a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00103a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views327Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Monochromatic Multimode Antennas on Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Materials (2019)

Abstract Optical antennas couple propagating optical fields into confined modes. The spectral position and spatial extent of the confined modes are most often engineered via the design of the antenna. However, while often relegated to a secondary role, the dielectric environment can drastically alter the optical response of antennas. Here, antennas on an epsilon‐near‐zero material—a material with a vanishing permittivity—are fabricated and characterized, demonstrating pinning of the fundamental antenna mode and the two subsequent harmonics to a narrow wavelength range. The spectral pinning of multiple modes results in what is a nearly monochromatic, yet multimode, response for the system. Coupling of these modes to the epsilon‐near‐zero Berreman mode supported by the thin epsilon‐near‐zero material is also observed. The response of the coupled system is observed experimentally and simulated using finite element methods. A coupled resonator model is developed to intuitively model the optical response of the system. The results presented here offer a mechanism for engineering the optical response of antenna systems by engineering the local dielectric environment, with potential applications in sensing, imaging, infrared optoelectronics, and thermal emission control.
A 500-nW-to-1-mW Input Power Inductive Boost Converter With MPPT for RF Energy Harvesting System (2020)

This article discusses a novel RF energy-harvesting system for available power as low as 500 nW. The system includes a main RF rectenna (antenna followed by rectifier) for energy harvesting, an auxiliary RF rectenna for power detection, and a boost converter along with its control circuit. For maximum power point tracking (MPPT), a particular reference voltage <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V_{\text {ref}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for a range of received RF power (from −11 to 3 dBm) is used to harvest maximum available power from the main rectenna by regulating its output voltage with the help of the boost converter. <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V_{\text {ref}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for MPPT is provided by the auxiliary RF rectenna and the power-detector circuit and depends on the RF power. The complete system is designed, simulated, fabricated, and tested in the 180-nm mixed-mode CMOS technology. Measured results show that the boost converter can track the maximum power point for the input available power ranging from 500 nW to 1 mW. The efficiency of the boost converter is a function of the available input power and the equivalent source resistance of the RF energy harvester. For an equivalent source resistance of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${1~\text {k}\Omega }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , the maximum efficiency of the boost converter is 91.6% at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${165~\mu \text {W}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the available input power. As a potential application, a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\Delta \Sigma }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modulator designed in the 180-nm mixed-mode CMOS technology is powered by the proposed energy-harvesting system. The efficiency of the boost converter is approximately 76.6% while powering the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\Delta \Sigma }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modulator and 78.5% while powering the dc load at the RF power of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${-7\,\,\text {dBm}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> .
ChemInform Abstract: Acetylide Additions to Enediones. Regioselectivity Based on Stereoelectronic Control. (1986)

Abstract Additionsreaktionen von Organo‐Lithiumverbindungcn (II) an die Endione (I) bzw. (V) werden untersucht.
N-(2-Nitrophenyl)proline:  An Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond Forming Reagent for the Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Primary Amines (2007)

N-(2-Nitrophenyl)proline (2-NPP) amides of primary amines have a conformational preference for intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Because of the strong and selective anisotropic effects on the amine substituents, the absolute configuration of alpha-chiral primary amines can be assigned by comparing the 1H chemical shifts of diastereomeric 2-NPP amides.
R&D 100, 2016: Ultrafast X-ray Imager (2016)

The Ultrafast X-ray Imager is a solid-state camera capable of capturing a sequence of images with user-selectable exposure times as short as 2 billionths of a second. Using 3D semiconductor integration techniques to form a hybrid chip, this camera was developed to enable scientists to study the heating and compression of fusion targets in the quest to harness the energy process that powers the stars.
Improvement of the ground-fault detection in field windings of synchronous machines with static excitation based on third-harmonic voltage phase-angle comparison (2015)

This paper presents the theoretical approach and experimental tests of a new algorithm for detecting ground faults in rotor windings of synchronous generators with static excitation. This location method requires the installation of a grounding resistance in the secondary winding of the excitation transformer. First, the third-harmonic reference voltage is obtained by the voltage measurements in the excitation system. Then, the third-harmonic voltage at the grounding resistor is compared to the reference voltage. The ground fault is detected when the phase angle between those voltages is under the trip setting value. This new algorithm has been tested in a 5 kVA Synchronous generator with satisfactory results.