gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasensitive DNA hypermethylation detection using plasma for early detection of NSCLC: A validation study in Chinese patients. (2019)

8522 Background: Our previous study revealed that high diagnostic accuracy for early stage lung cancer could be obtained in plasma samples with ultrasensitive DNA hypermethylation detection methods called MOB-qMSP. In this study, we sought to validate and also improve the diagnostic accuracy of lung cancer screening with modified MOB-qMSP approach in Chinese patients. We also develop a lung cancer specific gene panel for Chinese patients. Methods: We included patients with small lung nodules (less than 3cm in diameter) on CT scan screening and conducted a case-control study. Cases (n=138) had pathological confirmation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) lesions staged IA or IB. Controls (n=65) had pathological confirmation of non-cancerous lesions. Plasma samples were obtained pre-operatively. Promoter methylation of eight lung cancer-specific genes (CDO1, TAC1, SOX17, HOXA7, HOXA9, GATA4, GATA5 and PAX5B) was detected using nanoparticle-based DNA extraction (MOB) followed by qMSP. Results: DNA methylation was detected in plasma more frequently in cases compared to controls (p&lt;0.001) for 5 out of 8 genes. The sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer diagnosis using the best individual gene was 64-85% and 55-79% respectively. A three-gene combination of the best individual genes has sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 78%. Area under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUC) for this panel was 0.90, 95% CI (0.86-0.96). Cross validation combining gene methylation with clinical information correctly predicted lung cancer in 86% of subjects using plasma detection. Furthermore, we analyzed the sensitivity and specificity of the same three-gene combination in cases subgroups regarding the tumor size and the results are as follow: in subgroup with tumor size of 2-3cm, the sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 87%, and the AUC was 0.96, 95% CI (0.91-0.99); in subgroup with tumor size of 1-2 cm, the sensitivity and specificity were 92% and 80%, and the AUC was 0.90, 95% CI (0.84-0.96); in subgroup with tumor size less than 1cm, the sensitivity and specificity decreased to 66% and 87%, and the AUC was 0.77, 95% CI (0.64-0.88). Conclusions: This study validates our previous study but in Chinese patients that it is possible to obtain high diagnostic accuracy for early stage NSCLC using a panel of methylated promoter genes in plasma samples with ultrasensitive MOB-qMSP, especially in patients with tumor of larger size. These epigenetic biomarkers could potentially be used to identify patients with high risk of lung cancer development.
Bariatric Surgery for the Severely Obese Adolescent (2008)

In recent years, a growing number of severely obese adolescents and their families have sought out surgical treatment because behavioral or medical therapies were not successful. A number of reports have suggested that bariatric surgery for this patient group is safe and can provide durable weight loss. However, most of these reports have been retrospective studies with short-term outcomes, and more long-term, prospective studies are needed to optimize care for these patients. Evaluation of the severely obese patient for surgery involves multiple factors, including the overall maturity of the patient; joint discussions with the patient and his or her family; a complete medical evaluation; evaluation by a child psychologist or psychiatrist; and a minimum of 6 months of private, interdisciplinary, multifaceted lifestyle preparation. Surgical options are restricted to severely overweight adolescents without endocrine disorders who have achieved puberty and have failed more conservative therapies. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most commonly performed procedure in adolescents, but the laparoscopic adjustable gastric band procedure is growing in popularity. Postoperatively, patients are evaluated 2 weeks after surgery and then every 1 to 2 months for the first postoperative year; every 2 months to 6 months in the second year, depending on the individual case; and then annually for life. A careful diet plan backed by continuing family support is essential. Short- and long-term complications are similar to those seen in adults, and include bowel obstruction, bleeding, blood clots, nausea, gallstones, hernia, and vitamin and iron deficiencies.
GSK-3β Inhibition Promotes Engraftment of Ex Vivo-Expanded Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Modulates Gene Expression (2010)

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has been identified as an important regulator of stem cell function acting through activation of the wingless (Wnt) pathway. Here, we report that treatment with an inhibitor of GSK-3β, 6-bromoindirubin 3'-oxime (BIO) delayed cell cycle progression by increasing cell cycle time. BIO treatment resulted in the accumulation of late dividing cells enriched with primitive progenitor cells retaining the ability for sustained proliferation. In vivo analysis using a Non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) transplantation model has demonstrated that pretreatment with BIO promotes engraftment of ex vivo-expanded hematopoietic stem cells. BIO enhanced the engraftment of myeloid, lymphoid and primitive stem cell compartments. Limiting dilution analysis of SCID repopulating cells (SRC) revealed that BIO treatment increased human chimerism without increasing SRC frequency. Clonogenic analysis of human cells derived from the bone marrow of transplant recipient mice demonstrated that a higher level of human chimerism and cellularity was related to increased regeneration per SRC unit. Gene expression analysis showed that treatment with BIO did not modulate the expression of canonical Wnt target genes upregulated during cytokine-induced cell proliferation. BIO increased the expression of several genes regulating Notch and Tie2 signaling downregulated during ex vivo expansion, suggesting a role in improving stem cell engraftment. In addition, treatment with BIO upregulated CDK inhibitor p57 and downregulated cyclin D1, providing a possible mechanism for the delay seen in cell cycle progression. We conclude that transient, pharmacologic inhibition of GSK-3β provides a novel approach to improve engraftment of expanded HSC after stem cell transplantation.
Intermittent androgen suppression in prostate cancer: an update of the Vancouver experience. (2003)

Longer duration follow-up of a single cohort continues to support IAS as a viable treatment option for men with prostate cancer. This approach affords an improved quality of life when the patient is off therapy, with reduced toxicity and costs. There is a trend toward extended times to progression and death compared to contemporary studies of continuous androgen suppression. Randomized, prospective protocols are currently underway to determine whether survival is affected in a beneficial or adverse way in men with locally recurrent or metastatic cancer.
Towards a successful re‐use of decommissioned photovoltaic modules (2021)

Abstract Since massive numbers of photovoltaic (PV) modules are expected to be discarded in the next decades, it is important to think about end‐of‐life management for those PV modules and to include re‐use next to recycling. However, the re‐use of decommissioned PV modules is a quite complex subject since there are requirements from technical, economic, environmental and legislative point of view. An evaluation of possible applications for second‐hand PV modules showed that currently, the use of these PV modules in high‐income countries is only interesting for specific applications. These are the replacement of some defect modules to repair PV systems (that usually still receive feed‐in tariff) or the replacement of all PV modules for either a low‐cost extension of system lifetime or the repowering of severely underperforming systems. For low‐income countries, second‐hand PV modules are interesting to build new small to medium size PV systems (often off‐grid). The typical decommissioned PV module is a crystalline silicon glass‐backsheet module from a utility power plant. Most PV modules originate from plants that have been partly damaged by severe weather or from repowered plants that did not receive feed‐in tariff (anymore). Currently, technical requirements to qualify potentially re‐usable PV modules for re‐use are lacking. In the legislation also, a clear criterion for a PV module to be considered functional is needed, since it is not an easy yes/no situation like for a typical electronic device. In this paper, guidelines for a low‐cost quality inspection and cost‐effective PV module repair are given. It is proposed to set a clear performance threshold at 70% of the original power for a PV module to be not considered as waste. With this paper, we aim to open the dialogue on a commonly accepted re‐certification protocol and threshold values. Currently, the worldwide re‐use market size is estimated to be around 1 GWp/year, of which 0.3 GWp/year is originating from Europe (mainly Germany, with Italy rapidly coming up). Many second‐hand PV modules are shipped to developing countries without recycling facilities which might create the risk of disposal on the longer term. To create a healthy and sustainable market for second‐hand PV modules, it will be important that evaluation standards for potentially re‐usable PV modules become available and that the existing electronic waste legislation will be adapted for energy‐generating products like PV modules.
Simultaneous Turbulence Mitigation and Mode Demultiplexing using one MPLC in a Two-Mode 200-Gbit/s Free-Space OAM-Multiplexed Link (2020)

We experimentally utilize a multi-plane light convertor (MPLC) for simultaneous orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) mode demultiplexing and turbulence-induced crosstalk mitigation. Results show up to 15-dB reduction of crosstalk in a two-mode 200-Gbit/s OAM-multiplexed link.
Liquid Crystals: Nano‐Localized Heating Source for Photonics and Plasmonics (Advanced Optical Materials 12/2013) (2013)

On page 899, conversion of near infrared radiation into heat, controlled at the nanoscale, is achieved by L. De Sio et al. and detected by exploiting the localized plasmonic resonance (LPR) of gold nanorods (GNRs) trapped in a nearly periodic Grandjean-Cano texture of a thermotropic cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC). The localized heating from the nanosources induces a modification in the alignment of the surrounding CLC medium; this induces a variation of the CLC photonic bandgap and modifies the spectral position of the LPR of GNRs.
Fluctuations of resolved acoustic multipaths at long range in the ocean (1981)

A phase-coded signal centered at 220 Hz with 64-ms resolution was transmitted at 10-min intervals between an acoustic source moored at 2-km depth and a bottom-mounted receiver at ∼3-km depth and at ∼900-km range. A variety of fluctuation statistics (pulse and CW) are computed for three resolved multipaths from a 32-day record. The fluctuations are compared with theoretical predictions based on internal wave scattering. Some measurements agree with theory; measurements that disagree differ by amounts that are statistically significant but not large. Uncertainty of the internal wave energy level could account for some discrepancies. Some theoretical results are very sensitive to small changes of the second derivative of the mean sound speed profile. There are substantial fluctuations at frequencies below those that can be accounted for by internal waves.
Medical Devices: Nonlinear Frameworks for Reversible and Pluripotent Wetting on Topographic Surfaces (Adv. Mater. 7/2017) (2017)

Nonlinear frameworks organized in tandem are rationally designed by Hyesung Cho and co-workers in article 1605078 to address the conformal contact issue, especially upon a highly curvilinear topography. The wetting behavior of the presented layers is not only self-conformal against complex obstacles, but also reversible to be repeatedly addressed without mechanical failure. This framework helps to overcome the intrinsic limitation in wetting of rigid solid systems, which will be useful for future wearable devices and tissue engineering, which require conformal interplay with target surfaces.
Implications of NxM WSS in terms of filtering (2019)

We address the impact of current NxM WSS filters in the performance of faster than 60 GBaud optical carriers, either when used as the transit part of wavelength routing OXCs or as their A/D blocs.
A review of software for microarray genotyping (2011)

The focus of this review is software for the genotyping of microarray single nucleotide polymorphisms, in particular software for Affymetrix and Illumina arrays. Different statistical principles and ideas have been applied to the construction of genotyping algorithms - for example, likelihood versus Bayesian modelling, and whether to genotype one or all arrays at a time. The release of new arrays is generally followed by new, or updated, algorithms.
Oxopregnenyl 4-Allyloxybenzoate (1996)

The molecule of 20-oxo-5-pregnen-3-yl 4-allyloxybenzoate, C31H40O4, is extended, with the benzoate moiety twisted by 34.0 (1)° from the least-squares plane through the tetracyclic core. The extended molecules pack in a parallel manner with respect to one another.
Five Antiretroviral Drug Class–Resistant HIV-1 in a Treatment-Naïve Patient Successfully Suppressed with Optimized Antiretroviral Drug Selection (2015)

Transmitted HIV-1 exhibiting reduced susceptibility to protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors is well documented but limited for integrase inhibitors and enfuvirtide. We describe here a case of transmitted 5 drug class-resistance in an antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve patient who was successfully treated based on the optimized selection of an active ARV drug regimen. The value of baseline resistance testing to determine an optimal ARV treatment regimen is highlighted in this case report.
Infrared thermographic evaluation of facemasks (2022)

In the past only health care professionals wore facemasks daily, but in recent times almost all citizens of many countries are expected to wear facemasks to reduce infection at work and in public. Because of SARS and now COVID-19, facemasks have become an essential personal protective equipment to fight against infectious disease. Frequent use of mask has proven to provide significant protection in reducing infections, even though there are complaints about its long-term usage. Although there are many types of masks, the surgical mask and the N95 respirator are the common ones. In this study, the surgical mask and the N95 respirator were compared with a no-mask condition. Results indicated that participants wearing the N95 respirator had the most significant thermal discomfort. The surgical mask was also significantly uncomfortable when compared to the no mask condition. Infrared thermographic results indicated that the heat retained when wearing a mask is higher than without a mask. Results of this study show the importance in mask design to have sufficient protection, comfort and fit.
Transverse Cracking and Local Delamination in [04/90n]s and [90n/04]s Carbon Fiber/Toughened Epoxy Laminates (1992)

[0 4 /90 n ] s and [90 n /0 4 ]s laminates were used to study 90°-layer failure mechanisms in HTA/6376 carbon fiber/toughened epoxy. The different stacking sequences were chosen to vary the stress states, since experimental results show differences in failure strains as well as in the local delamination behavior at the crack tip. Differences in the onset of transverse cracking and local delamination behavior between [0 4 /90 m ] s and [90 n /0 4 ] s laminates was discussed using a model based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). Although quantitative LEFM-predictions do not agree with data for the carbon fiber/toughened epoxy investigated, the general predictions for differences in and causes of local delamination behavior were confirmed by experimental data. The fact that the main features were correctly predicted, encourages the development of some modified LEFM-approach to describe toughened matrix composites.
IKKα Regulates Mitogenic Signaling through Transcriptional Induction of Cyclin D1 via Tcf (2003)

The Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf and IkappaB/NF-kappaB cascades are independent pathways involved in cell cycle control, cellular differentiation, and inflammation. Constitutive Wnt/beta-catenin signaling occurs in certain cancers from mutation of components of the pathway and from activating growth factor receptors, including RON and MET. The resulting accumulation of cytoplasmic and nuclear beta-catenin interacts with the Tcf/LEF transcription factors to induce target genes. The IkappaB kinase complex (IKK) that phosphorylates IkappaB contains IKKalpha, IKKbeta, and IKKgamma. Here we show that the cyclin D1 gene functions as a point of convergence between the Wnt/beta-catenin and IkappaB pathways in mitogenic signaling. Mitogenic induction of G(1)-S phase progression and cyclin D1 expression was PI3K dependent, and cyclin D1(-/-) cells showed reduced PI3K-dependent S-phase entry. PI3K-dependent induction of cyclin D1 was blocked by inhibitors of PI3K/Akt/IkappaB/IKKalpha or beta-catenin signaling. A single Tcf site in the cyclin D1 promoter was required for induction by PI3K or IKKalpha. In IKKalpha(-/-) cells, mitogen-induced DNA synthesis, and expression of Tcf-responsive genes was reduced. Reintroduction of IKKalpha restored normal mitogen induction of cyclin D1 through a Tcf site. In IKKalpha(-/-) cells, beta-catenin phosphorylation was decreased and purified IKKalpha was sufficient for phosphorylation of beta-catenin through its N-terminus in vitro. Because IKKalpha but not IKKbeta induced cyclin D1 expression through Tcf activity, these studies indicate that the relative levels of IKKalpha and IKKbeta may alter their substrate and signaling specificities to regulate mitogen-induced DNA synthesis through distinct mechanisms.
Time-Lag Focusing MALDI Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Polymer Characterization:  Oligomer Resolution, Mass Accuracy, and Average Weight Information (1997)

We report a polymer characterization study by matrix-assisted laser description/ionization (MALDI) on a linear time-of-flight instrument equipped with pulsed ion extraction for time-lag focusing. It is demonstrated that time-lag focusing MALDI provides improved mass resolution and mass accuracy over continuous extraction instruments. Oligomer resolution is extended to a much higher mass range than that observed even by continuous extraction reflectron systems. This allows new opportunities to study the chemical composition and determine the molecular weight of individual components in a mixture of higher molecular weight polymers. It is shown that oligomer resolution can be obtained for poly(ethylene glycol) (repeat unit mass of 44) of mass up to 25,000 u and poly(styrene) (repeat unit mass of 104) up to 55,000 u. Mass measurement accuracy of 80 ppm or better is demonstrated, and the relevance to end-group analysis is shown for two derivative of poly(ethylene glycol) used as slow-release drugs. The analysis of the molecular weight distribution was investigated at several extraction pulse potentials to determine if there was an effect on the relative peak area. We found that the values of the number-average molecular weight (Mn and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) do not change significantly for a poly(styrene) blend with oligomer masses between 2,000 and 15,000 u and a polydispersity of 1.155. The values are within the 1.6% standard deviation observed for repeat analyses at the same extraction pulse.
Fluorescence in Living Systems: Applications in Chemical Biology (2008)

Abstract Increasingly, studies of biomolecules are progressing from understanding how isolated biomolecules work in vitro to asking how macromolecular machines, signaling pathways, and other biological networks function in the complex environment of the living cell. Just as chemical methods greatly impacted fundamental studies of the structure and function of biomolecules in vitro in the last century, chemical methods are now being developed to study biomolecule function in vivo . This review focuses on chemical biology tools being developed to provide fluorescent reporters for biomolecules in living cells. The wealth of in vitro fluorescent reporters is the underpinning of much of this research, but it is beyond the scope of this review. Emphasis is placed on protein tagging, beginning with the fluorescent proteins and more recently moving to chemical tagging methods. In addition, chemical tools for fluorescence imaging of other classes of biomolecules and dynamic modifications to biomolecules in living cells are also overviewed.
Endogenous opioid systems and the regulation of dendritic growth and spine formation (1989)

The role of endogenous opioid systems (endogenous opioids and opioid receptors) in neuronal development was examined in 10- and 21-day-old rats by utilizing an opioid antagonist (naltrexone) paradigm. Throughout the first 3 weeks of life, Sprague-Dawley rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of either 50 mg/kg naltrexone, a dosage that invoked a complete (24 hours/day) receptor blockade, or 1 mg/kg naltrexone, a dosage which intermittently blocked (4-6 hours/day) opioid receptors and exacerbated opioid action; animals injected with sterile water served as controls. Pyramidal cells from the frontoparietal cortex (layer III) and hippocampal field CA1, and cerebellar Purkinje cells, were impregnated by using the Golgi-Kopsch method; total and mean dendrite segment length, branch frequency, and spine concentration were analyzed morphometrically. Perturbations of endogenous opioid systems caused region-dependent alterations in dendrite complexity and/or spine concentration in all brain areas. Continuous opioid receptor blockade resulted in dramatic increases in dendrite and/or spine elaboration compared to controls at 10 days in all brain regions; however, these increases were only evident in the hippocampus at 21 days. With intermittent blockade, dendrite and/or spine growth were often subnormal, being predominant at day 21. Our results indicate that endogenous opioid systems are critical regulators of neuronal differentiation, and they control growth through an inhibitory mechanism. Considering previous findings demonstrating that neurobehavioral ontogeny is dependent on endogenous opioid-opioid receptor interactions, the present results suggest an opioid-dependent, structure-function relationship between neuronal and behavioral maturation.
Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Bis-peptide Oligomers (2006)

We have developed second-generation monomers 1 and 2 and improved conditions for rapidly and simultaneously closing multiple diketopiperazines on solid support. These new conditions involve either the microwave heating of a suspension of solid-supported amino-tetrafluoropropyl esters in acetic acid/triethylamine catalyst solution or continuous flow of catalyst solution through the resin, heated in a flow cell apparatus. We demonstrate that the new monomers 1 and 2 can be combined with the new conditions easily to synthesize previously inaccessible hetero and homo spiro ladder oligomers 3 and 4 and others.
Superior Switching Characteristics of SiC-MOSFET Embedding SBD (2019)

Superior switching characteristics of SiC-MOSFET embedding SBD is demonstrated compared with conventional MOSFET and MOSFET with external SBD. Inactivation of parasitic body diode by embedding SBD enables a suppression of recovery charge during turn-on process, which results in a reduction of turn-on loss. Furthermore, elimination of external SBD reduces total chip size, or output capacitance charge, which results in a reduction of output capacitance loss.