gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal conversion of carbohydrate biomass to lactic acid (2010)

Abstract We investigated the hydrothermal conversion of the carbohydrates including glucose, cellulose, and starch to lactic acid using NaOH and Ca(OH) 2 as alkaline catalysts. Both catalysts significantly promoted the lactic acid formation. The highest yield of lactic acid from glucose was 27% with 2.5 M NaOH and 20% with 0.32 M Ca(OH) 2 at 300°C for 60 s. The lactic acid yields from cellulose and starch were comparable with the yield from glucose with 0.32 M Ca(OH) 2 at 300°C, but the reaction time in the case of cellulose was 90 s. The mechanism of lactic acid formation from glucose was discussed by identifying the intermediate products. Lactic acid may be formed via the formation of aldoses of two to four carbons including aldose of three carbons, which are all formed by reverse aldol condensation and double bond rule of hexose. This implies that carbon–carbon cleavage occurs at not only C 3 C 4 but also at C 2 C 3 . © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Platelet‐endothelial interactions in atherothrombotic disease: Therapeutic implications (1999)

The role of the platelet and the endothelium in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and subsequent ischemic events has been the subject of extensive investigation. Arterial sites where endothelial function is severely impaired are often the sites of atheroma development. Lesion evolution impairs endothelial function, leading to a self-perpetuating cycle of growth. During early lesion development, overt thrombotic events are rare. However, rupture of an advanced, necrotic plaque or intimal ulceration triggers arterial thrombosis, at which point the importance of platelet function may be seen clearly. The Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration meta-analysis demonstrated the benefit of antiplatelet therapy to patients with atherosclerotic disease. Aspirin is the most widely studied agent and is considered the standard of antiplatelet therapy. Newer agents that intervene at different stages of the platelet activation pathway have been developed. Clopidogrel, a new adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonist, is more effective than aspirin in reducing vascular events in patients with prior myocardial infarction, stroke, or established peripheral arterial disease. The glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonists such as abciximab have proven effective in the setting of active arterial thrombosis and percutaneous revascularization, but their value in secondary prevention remains unknown. All patients with atherosclerosis should be treated with an antiplatelet drug. Current evidence suggests that either aspirin or clopidogrel are appropriate first-line agents. There is urgent need for an analysis of the risk/benefit ratio in various populations and clinical settings to determine the most appropriate type and intensity of therapy for a given patient.
Prognostic relevance of DHAP dose-density in relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma: an analysis of the German Hodgkin-Study Group (2015)

Only 50% of patients with relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) can be cured with intensive induction chemotherapy, followed by high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Based on the results of the HDR2 trial two courses of DHAP and subsequent HDCT/ASCT are the current standard of care in relapsed HL. In order to assess the prognostic relevance of DHAP dose density, we performed a retrospective multivariate analysis of the HDR2 trial (N=266). In addition to four risk factors (early or multiple relapse, stage IV disease or anemia at relapse, and grade IV hematotoxicity during the first cycle of DHAP) a delayed start of the second cycle of DHAP>day 22 predicted a significantly poorer progression-free survival (PFS, p=0.0356) and overall survival (OS, p=0.0025). In conclusion, our analysis strongly suggests that dose density of DHAP has a relevant impact on the outcome of relapsed HL patients.
Lightweight Semantic Architecture Modeling by 3D Feature Line Detection (2023)

Existing architecture semantic modeling methods in 3D complex urban scenes continue facing difficulties, such as limited training data, lack of semantic information, and inflexible model processing. Focusing on extracting and adopting accurate semantic information into a modeling process, this work presents a framework for lightweight modeling of buildings that joints point clouds semantic segmentation and 3D feature line detection constrained by geometric and photometric consistency. The main steps are: (1) Extraction of single buildings from point clouds using 2D-3D semi-supervised semantic segmentation under photometric and geometric constraints. (2) Generation of lightweight building models by using 3D plane-constrained multi-view feature line extraction and optimization. (3) Introduction of detailed semantics of building elements into independent 3D building models by using fine-grained segmentation of multi-view images to achieve high-accuracy architecture lightweight modeling with fine-grained semantic information. Experimental results demonstrate that it can perform independent lightweight modeling of each building on point cloud at various scales and scenes, with accurate geometric appearance details and realistic textures. It also enables independent processing and analysis of each building in the scenario, making them more useful in practical applications.
A Nonuniform Sampling and Representation Scheme for Images Which Are Not Band-Limited (2005)

This paper is concerned with the general problem of nonuniform sampling and reconstruction of images without any aliasing effects. In the case of a predetermined sample distribution, we present the formalism required for preprocessing of the image. In the more general case of matching the sample distribution to a given image, we propose a measure for the estimation of the information distribution over the image.
The Design and Engineering of Oxygen-Delivering Fluorocarbon Emulsions (2019)

This Chapter focuses on the design and engineering of injectable submicronic fluorocarbon emulsions designed for in vivo oxygen transport. It reviews the basic principles that are relevant to this objective, and discusses the selection of component fluorocarbons and emulsifiers, the formulation and preparation of the emulsions, and the properties of typical emulsions, with special emphasis on stability and biocompatibility. The ability of fluorocarbons to carry and deliver the expected amount of oxygen has been demonstrated with the first generation emulsions. The gas-dissolving capacity of fluorocarbons stems essentially from the weakness of the intermolecular cohesion forces in the liquid. Preparation of fluorocarbon emulsions involves the dispersion of the fluorocarbon into submicron droplets in a continuous saline phase in the presence of the surfactant. Gelifying fluorocarbons is, a priori, quite a challenge. Fluorocarbons are indeed extremely fluid and mobile liquids as a consequence of very weak intermolecular cohesive forces, and they do not dissolve the usual gelifying agents.
An improved method for the preparations of nanostructured lipid carriers containing heat-sensitive bioactives B Biointerfaces (2011)

Heat-sensitive bioactive compounds such as β-carotene and tocols, are widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. Their chemical stability in delivery systems is one of the major concerns in the production of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). A previously established high-temperature high-pressure homogenisation technique involved in the preparation of NLCs can cause degradation of heat-sensitive compounds. Therefore, a novel preparation process needs to be developed to minimise the degradation of heat-sensitive active compounds during the preparation of NLCs. In this work, modified methods A and B were designed to minimise the degradation of β-carotene and tocols during the production of NLCs. These methods improved the chemical stability of heat-sensitive bioactive compounds (β-carotene and tocols) significantly compared to the previously established method. The physical stability of the formulation was maintained throughout study duration.
Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Probiotic Culture Candidates for the Treatment of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis in Neonatal Turkey Poults (2019)

The effect of <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp.-based probiotic candidates on <i>Salmonella</i> enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) colonization was evaluated in two separate experiments. In each experiment, sixty-one day-of-hatch female turkey poults were obtained from a local hatchery. In both experiments, poults were challenged via oral gavage with 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/poult of SE and randomly allocated to one of two groups (<i>n</i> = 30 poults): (1) the positive control group and (2) the probiotic treated group. Heated brooder batteries were used for housing each group separately and poults were allowed ad libitum access to water and unmedicated turkey starter feed. 1 h following the SE challenge, poults were treated with 10<sup>6</sup> cfu/poult of probiotic culture via oral gavage or phosphate-buffered saline （PBS）to control groups. A total of 24 h post-treatment, poults were euthanized and the ceca and cecal tonsils from twenty poults were collected aseptically for SE recovery. In both trials, a significant reduction in the incidence and log<sub>10</sub> cfu/g of SE were observed in poults treated with the probiotic when compared with control poults (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). The results of the present study suggest that the administration of this lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB)-based probiotic 1 h after an SE challenge can be useful in reducing the cecal colonization of this pathogen in neonatal poults.
Ag7Au6: A 13‐Atom Alloy Quantum Cluster (2012)

An alloy cluster containing a 13-atom core, with a composition Ag7Au6(H2MSA)10 (H2MSA=mercaptosuccinic acid) was synthesized from silver clusters by a galvanic exchange reaction. The clusters were characterized by several spectroscopic and microscopic methods. The alloy cluster shows luminescence with a quantum yield of 3.5×10−2 at room temperature. Theoretical calculations for Ag7Au6(SCH3)10 suggest a distorted icosahedral core. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
IR imaging bundles for HWIL testing (2011)

We report on development and characterization of square registered infrared imaging bundles fabricated from As 2 S 3 fiber for HWIL applications. Bundle properties and cross-talk measurements are presented.
N‐Aryl‐O‐(α‐aminoacyl)hydroxylamine: Modellreaktionen mit Desoxyguanosin, Guanosin und 5′‐Guanosinmonophosphat zur Aktivierung monocyclischer aromatischer Amine (z. B. Phenacetin) zu ultimaten Carcinogenen (1990)

N ‐Aryl‐ O ‐(α‐aminoacyl)hydroxylamine: Model Reactions with Deoxyguanosine, Guanosine and 5′‐Guanosinemonophosphate for the Activation of Monocyclic Aromatic Amines (e.g. Phenacetin) into Ultimate Carcinogens In in vitro model reactions of the activation of monocyclic aromatic amines by α‐amino acids it is shown that α‐ amino‐hydroxamic acids 8 and 9 rearrange base‐catalyzed to N‐(α‐aminoacyloxy)arylamines 10 and 11 which react with bionucleophiles such as deoxyguanosine (dG) ( 12 ), guanosine (G) ( 13 ) and 5′‐guanosinemonophosphate (5′‐GMP) ( 14 ) to form adducts. We describe the regioselective formation of the C‐8 adducts of 4‐chloroaniline ( 15 ), aniline ( 16 ), 4‐methylaniline ( 17 ), and 4‐methoxyaniline ( 18 ), respectively, [“ N ‐(deoxyguanosine‐8‐yl)anilines”], and also of N ‐(guanosine‐8‐yl)‐4‐methylaniline ( 21 ) and 8‐(4‐methylanilino)‐5′‐guanosinemonophosphate ( 22 ). Similar reactions of the N‐(acetoxy)arylamines 20 , which are very likely to be “ultimate” carcinogens of aromatic amines, lead to the same C‐8 adducts 15 – 18 , 21 , and 22 in comparable yields. These in vitro reactions thus show that the N‐(α‐aminoacyloxy)arylamines 10 and 11 react like the N‐(acetoxy)anilines 20 as “ultimate” carcinogens. Therefore, the activation of aromatic hydroxylamines by O ‐α‐aminoacylation is of similar quality as by O‐acetylation .
Mimicking Hypoxia to Treat Anemia: HIF-Stabilizer BAY 85-3934 (Molidustat) Stimulates Erythropoietin Production without Hypertensive Effects (2014)

Oxygen sensing by hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases (HIF-PHs) is the dominant regulatory mechanism of erythropoietin (EPO) expression. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), impaired EPO expression causes anemia, which can be treated by supplementation with recombinant human EPO (rhEPO). However, treatment can result in rhEPO levels greatly exceeding the normal physiological range for endogenous EPO, and there is evidence that this contributes to hypertension in patients with CKD. Mimicking hypoxia by inhibiting HIF-PHs, thereby stabilizing HIF, is a novel treatment concept for restoring endogenous EPO production. HIF stabilization by oral administration of the HIF-PH inhibitor BAY 85-3934 (molidustat) resulted in dose-dependent production of EPO in healthy Wistar rats and cynomolgus monkeys. In repeat oral dosing of BAY 85-3934, hemoglobin levels were increased compared with animals that received vehicle, while endogenous EPO remained within the normal physiological range. BAY 85-3934 therapy was also effective in the treatment of renal anemia in rats with impaired kidney function and, unlike treatment with rhEPO, resulted in normalization of hypertensive blood pressure in a rat model of CKD. Notably, unlike treatment with the antihypertensive enalapril, the blood pressure normalization was achieved without a compensatory activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Thus, BAY 85-3934 may provide an approach to the treatment of anemia in patients with CKD, without the increased risk of adverse cardiovascular effects seen for patients treated with rhEPO. Clinical studies are ongoing to investigate the effects of BAY 85-3934 therapy in patients with renal anemia.
Tethered confocal endomicroscopy capsule for diagnosis and monitoring of eosinophilic esophagitis (2013)

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic condition that is characterized by eosinophils infiltrating the esophageal wall. The treatment of the disease may require multiple follow up sedated endoscopies and biopsies to confirm elimination of eosinophils. These procedures are expensive, time consuming, and may be difficult for patients to tolerate. Here we report on the development of a confocal microscopy capsule for diagnosis and monitoring of EoE. The swallowable capsule implements a high-speed fiber-based reflectance confocal microscopy technique termed Spectrally Encoded Confocal Microscopy (SECM). SECM scans the sample in one dimension without moving parts by using wavelength swept source illumination and a diffraction grating at the back plane of the objective lens. As the wavelength of the source is tuned, the SECM optics within the 7 x 30 mm capsule are rotated using a driveshaft enclosed in a 0.8 mm flexible tether. A single rotation of the optics covered a field of view of 22 mm x 223 µm. The lateral and axial resolutions of the device were measured to be 2.1 and 14 µm, respectively. Images of Acetic Acid stained swine esophagus obtained with the capsule ex vivo and in vivo clearly showed squamous epithelial nuclei, which are smaller and less reflective than eosinophils. Imaging of esophageal biopsies from EoE patients ex vivo demonstrated the capability of this technology to visualize individual eosinophils. Based on the results of this study, we believe that this capsule will be a simpler and more effective device for diagnosing EoE and monitoring the therapeutic response of this disease.
Synthesis and Catalytic Behavior of Ferrierite Zeolite Nanoneedles (2013)

The proton form of nanosized, needlelike ferrierite zeolite, which was synthesized using choline and Na+ cations as structure-directing agents, was found to be much more efficient for the skeletal isomerization of 1-butene to isobutene than the corresponding cation form of conventional, submicrometric ferrierite with a platelike shape, mainly because of the considerably lower density of strong acid sites, but as well as a result of the higher density of 10-ring pore mouths.
Les eaux de surface à Umiujaq, Nord du Québec : une ressource vitale menacée par des contaminants naturels et anthropiques (2022)

International audience
Fourier ptychography at short wavelength with a synchrotron-based microscope (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Fourier Ptychography is a novel imaging technique consists in combining many coherent images acquired with various illumination angle and combined using an efficient phase retrieval algorithm. This technique allows to synthesize a larger numerical aperture than physically possible by the lens aperture alone, often limited by manufacturing capabilities. We present here an adaptation of the Fourier Ptychography technique to a synchrotron-based full-field microscope (SHARP) operating at 13.5nm (EUV wavelength) and demonstrate 26nm coherent resolution on reflective samples, alongside with quantitative phase imaging which allows to characterize sub-nanometer substrate roughness.
Current and future perspectives on functional molecular imaging in nephro-urology: theranostics on the horizon (2021)

In recent years, a paradigm shift from single-photon-emitting radionuclide radiotracers toward positron-emission tomography (PET) radiotracers has occurred in nuclear oncology. Although PET-based molecular imaging of the kidneys is still in its infancy, such a trend has emerged in the field of functional renal radionuclide imaging. Potentially allowing for precise and thorough evaluation of renal radiotracer urodynamics, PET radionuclide imaging has numerous advantages including precise anatomical co-registration with CT images and dynamic three-dimensional imaging capability. In addition, relative to scintigraphic approaches, PET can allow for significantly reduced scan time enabling high-throughput in a busy PET practice and further reduces radiation exposure, which may have a clinical impact in pediatric populations. In recent years, multiple renal PET radiotracers labeled with <sup>11</sup>C, <sup>68</sup>Ga, and <sup>18</sup>F have been utilized in clinical studies. Beyond providing a precise non-invasive read-out of renal function, such radiotracers may also be used to assess renal inflammation. This manuscript will provide an overview of renal molecular PET imaging and will highlight the transformation of conventional scintigraphy of the kidneys toward novel, high-resolution PET imaging for assessing renal function. In addition, future applications will be introduced, e.g. by transferring the concept of molecular image-guided diagnostics and therapy (theranostics) to the field of nephrology.
Designing Configurable Arm Rehabilitation Games: How Do Different Game Elements Affect User Motion Trajectories? (2019)

For successful rehabilitation of a patient after a stroke or traumatic brain injury, it is crucial that rehabilitation activities are motivating, provide feedback and have a high rate of repetitions. Advancements in recent technologies provide solutions to address these aspects where needed. Additionally, through the use of gamification, we are able to increase the motivation for participants. However, many of these systems require complex set-ups, which can be a big challenge when conducting rehabilitation in a home-based setting. To address the lack of simple rehabilitation tools for arm function for a home-based application, we previously developed a system, Cellulo for rehabilitation, that is comprised of paper-supported tangible robots that are orchestrated by applications deployed on consumer tablets. These components enable different features that allow for gamification, easy setup, portability, and scalability. To support the configuration of game elements to patients' level of motor skills and strategies, their motor trajectories need to be classified. In this paper, we investigate the classification of different motor trajectories and how game elements impact these in unimpaired, healthy participants. We show that the manipulation of certain game elements do have an impact on motor trajectories, which might indicate that it is possible to adapt the arm remediation of patients by configuring game elements. These results provide a first step towards providing adaptive rehabilitation based upon patients' measured trajectories.
On Stereo Viewing of SAR Images (1985)

The interpretability of side-looking radar images can be significantly enhanced by the use of overlapping image strips viewed stereoscopically. Although the subject has been studied for many years, the lack of systematically acquired data has meant that the optimum sensor geometry for good stereo viewing and mapping accuracy is still undetermined. This paper attempts to evaluate stereo viewability using available real images and describes on-going work utilizing digital elevation maps and computer image simulation.
Adrenergic stimulation decreases osteoblast oxytocin synthesis (2011)

Oxytocin (OT) regulates bone mass by inducing the differentiation of osteoblasts to a mature, mineralizing phenotype. We have shown recently that osteoblasts can synthesize OT. In view of known interactions between OT-ergic and adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system, we questioned whether the negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation by adrenergic nerves was mediated through its suppression of OT synthesis. We first confirmed that α(1b) and β(2) adrenergic receptors were expressed on both primary murine osteoblasts and MC3T3-E1 cells. We then showed that α(1) and β(2) adrenergic agonists downregulated OT synthesis, and that the effect of each agonist was reversed by its respective antagonist. The data suggest that the negative effects of adrenergic stimulation on bone mass could, in part, arise from decreased OT synthesis.
Inverter Design Considerations for Variable-Pole Induction Machines in Electric Vehicles (2022)

This article proposes a generalized inverter design framework for a variable-pole induction machine (IM). It quantifies the advantages of pole changing and a high number of inverter legs on converter efficiency and size. The framework is used to design an 18-leg drive that reconfigures a six-pole IM to four- and two-pole while increasing torque capability at maximum speed by a factor of 2.2 compared to a conventional 3-leg fixed-pole design. The framework also shows that a three-leg drive must be oversized by a factor of 1.5 to reach the same torque capability using an identical-sized machine. The proposed 18-leg drive has 50% less losses and requires 62% less dc-link capacitance compared to a 3-leg converter. The framework is used to propose a loss minimization method for the combined machine and converter, with pole count as an operational degree of freedom at partial load and high speed. As a result, variable-pole operation reduces combined machine and drive losses by up to 45% compared to a conventional three-leg drive with the same IM. An 18-leg experimental GaN-based 890 VA inverter driving a toroidally wound IM was designed, built, tested, and compared to a 3-leg inverter to validate the proposed framework.