gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retrospective validation of a new volumetric capnography parameter for the exclusion of pulmonary embolism at the emergency department (2018)

Volumetric capnography might be used to exclude pulmonary embolism (PE) without the need for computed tomography pulmonary angiography. In a pilot study, a new parameter (CapNoPE) combining the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled per breath (carbon dioxide production (<i>V</i> <sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> )), the slope of phase 3 of the volumetric capnogram (slope 3) and respiratory rate (RR) showed promising diagnostic accuracy (where CapNoPE=(<i>V</i> <sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> ×slope 3)/RR). To retrospectively validate CapNoPE for the exclusion of PE, the volumetric capnograms of 205 subjects (68 with PE) were analysed, based on a large multicentre dataset of volumetric capnograms from subjects with suspected PE at the emergency department. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and diagnostic accuracy of the in-pilot established threshold (1.90 Pa·min) were calculated. CapNoPE was 1.56±0.97 Pa·min in subjects with PE <i>versus</i> 2.51±1.67 Pa·min in those without PE (p<0.001). The AUC of the ROC curve was 0.714 (95% CI 0.64-0.79). For the cut-off of ≥1.90 Pa·min, sensitivity was 64.7%, specificity was 59.9%, the negative predictive value was 77.4% and the positive predictive value was 44.4%. The CapNoPE parameter is decreased in patients with PE but its diagnostic accuracy seems too low to use in clinical practice.
Comparison of Filtering Methods for Enhanced Reliability of a Train Axle Counter System (2020)

This paper presents signal filtering methods that can be effectively applied to train detection systems based on the axle counter systems that are currently in operation for train detection and provide information on the unoccupied status of railway tracks and turnouts. Signals from the wheel detectors contain noise, may be impulsive and time-varying, which means that even for the same train, the signals from the following wheels may be different. A problem appears when already homologated hardware (axle counter system) is working in a harsh environment, exposed to disturbances whose parameters significantly exceed standard thresholds. Despite this, the system must continue to provide reliable information. The authors present research on the application of such filters as median, Savitzkey-Golay, and moving average which can be implemented in the equipment currently in use under specific constraints (e.g., limited computational resources). The research results show that appropriately adjusted filters, for example, in terms of type and window size, increase the signal quality and thereby provide reliable information about passing trains, as well as enhance the availability and safety of the axle counter system performance.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Combination Radioimmunotherapy and Chemoimmunotherapy Involving Different or the Same Targets Improves Therapy of Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Xenograft Models (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Combination Radioimmunotherapy and Chemoimmunotherapy Involving Different or the Same Targets Improves Therapy of Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Xenograft Models
Editorial: The Role of Complement in Tumors (2020)

Activation of the complement system is one of the earliest responses to invading pathogens and tissue damage (1). Complement activation leads to production of a range of effectors including the opsonin C3b, the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, and the C5b-9 complex (membrane attack complex; MAC) (2, 3). In addition to potent innate immune activities, complement effector systems also contribute to efficient adaptive immune responses (4). While critical to proper immune function, inappropriate or excessive complement activation contributes to many pathological inflammatory conditions (5), including cancer. As described in this issue, the complement system is increasingly recognized as a double-edged sword: on the one hand contributing to the anti-tumor response, but on the other protecting the tumor against immune attack and promoting metastasis.
Sub-100-nm lithographic imaging with an EUV 10X microstepper (1999)

The capabilities of the EUV 10x microstepper have been substantially improved over the past year. The key enhancement was the development of a new projection optics system with reduced wavefront error, reduced flare, and increased numerical aperture. These optics and concomitant developments in EUV reticles and photoresists have enabled dramatic improvements in EUV imaging, illustrated by resolution of 70 nm dense lines and spaces (L/S). CD linearity has been demonstrated for dense L/S over the range 100 nm to 80 nm, both for the imaging layer and for subsequent pattern transfer. For a +/- 10 percent CD specification, we have demonstrated a process latitude of +/- micrometers depth of focus and 10 percent dose range for dense 100 nm L/S.
Green/Yellow Solid-State Lighting via Radiative and Nonradiative Energy Transfer Involving Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> LEDs made of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm In}_{x}{\rm Ga}_{1{-x}}{\rm N}$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$({\rm Al}_{x}{\rm Ga}_{1{-x}})_{1{-y}}{\rm In}_{y}{\rm P}$</tex></formula> suffer from significantly reduced quantum efficiency and luminous efficiency in the green/yellow spectral ranges. To address these problems, we present the design, growth, fabrication, hybridization, and characterization of proof-of-concept green/yellow hybrid LEDs that utilize radiative and nonradiative [FÖrster resonance energy transfer (FRET)] energy transfers in their colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) integrated on near-UV LEDs. In our first NC-LED, we realize a color-converted LED that incorporate green-emitting CdSe/ZnS core/shell NCs <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$(\lambda_{\rm PL} = 548\,\hbox{nm})$</tex></formula> on near-UV InGaN/GaN LEDs <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX"> $(\lambda_{\rm EL} = 379\,\hbox{nm})$</tex></formula>. In our second NC-LED, we implement a color-converted FRET-enhanced LED. For that, we hybridize a custom-design assembly of cyan- and green-emitting CdSe/ZnS core/shell NCs (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\lambda_{\rm PL} = 490$</tex></formula> and 548 nm) on near-UV LEDs. Using a proper mixture of differently sized NCs, we obtain a quantum efficiency enhancement of 9% by recycling trapped excitons via FRET. With FRET-NC-LEDs, we show that it is possible to obtain a luminous efficacy of 425 lm/W <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${}_{\rm opt}$</tex></formula> and a luminous efficiency of 94 lm/W, using near-UV LEDs with a 40% external quantum efficiency. Finally, we investigate FRET-converted light-emitting structures that use nonradiative energy transfer directly from epitaxial quantum wells to colloidal NCs. These proof-of-concept demonstrations show that FRET-based NC-LEDs hold promise for efficient solid-state lighting in green/yellow. </para>
Synthesized tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid exerts anticancer effects at least in part by suppressing NF-κB-regulated proteins in A549 human lung cancer cells (2014)

CKD-712, a newly synthesized tetrahydroisoquinoline (THI) and an enantiomer (S form) of YS 49 (a derivative of higenamine) has been reported to suppress nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity in normal cells. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of THI at a low concentration where CKD-712 did not induce cell death in normal cells. At the range of concentrations used, CKD-712 induced cell growth arrest, and inhibited the invasion and motility of A549 cells as determined by cell cycle analysis, a Matrigel-coated chamber assay, and a wound-healing assay, respectively. CKD-712 suppressed MMP-9, but not MMP-2 and other NF-κB-regulated proteins involved in cancer metastasis such as VEGF. Moreover, CKD-712 induced cell cycle arrest at G2M phase by suppressing cyclin A, cyclin B and CDK-1 expression. Taken together, these data suggested that CKD-712 may exert anticancer effects by suppressing NF-κB pathways and inducing cell cycle arrest at G2M phase.
Computational Models for Attitude and Actions Prediction (2017)

In this paper, we present computational models to predict Twitter users' attitude towards a specific brand through their personal and social characteristics. We also predict their likelihood to take different actions based on their attitudes. In order to operationalize our research on users' attitude and actions, we collected ground-truth data through surveys of Twitter users. We have conducted experiments using two real world datasets to validate the effectiveness of our attitude and action prediction framework. Finally, we show how our models can be integrated with a visual analytics system for customer intervention.
High-Speed and Uninterrupted Communication for High-Speed Trains by Ultrafast WDM Fiber–Wireless Backhaul System (2018)

We developed a high-speed and handover-free communication network for high-speed trains (HSTs) using an ultrafast and switchable wavelength-division multiplexing fiber-wireless backhaul system in the W band. We successfully transmitted approximately 20-Gb/s and 10-Gb/s signals over the switched fiber-wireless links in the downlink and uplink directions, respectively. An ultrafast radio-cell switching of less than 10 μs was experimentally demonstrated in both downlink and uplink directions. Moreover, the possibility of connecting a central station to many remote radio cells was evaluated, confirming that an uninterrupted communication network up to several tens of kilometers can be achieved for HSTs. The proposed system can overcome the current challenges in mobile networks and can provide a potential solution for the provision of advanced services to users on HSTs in future 5G and beyond networks.
Development of optical coupling technologies for Si-photonics-die embedded package substrate (2021)

In high performance computer systems and large-scale data centers, data movement becomes a critical problem. To overcome this problem, co-packaged optics are attracted much attention for high performance LSIs like upcoming highcapacity switch ASICs. We proposed a new package substrate called active optical package (AOP) substrate. The AOP substrate is an organic package substrate where Si photonics dies are embedded. On the surface of the substrate, fan-out polymer waveguides, connecting high density Si-photonics I/O and low density single-mode fiber (SMF) array, are integrated. the AOP substrate will be used as same as conventional standard package substrates. Only a different point is to connect a pluggable optical fiber. Interlayer optical coupling between the Si and polymer waveguides was achieved with two micro mirrors. For example, light output from the Si waveguide end facet was reflected to upper side by the 1st micro mirror. The light was reflected again to the polymer waveguide end facet by the 2nd mirror fabricated above the 1st mirror. Compared to popular grating couplers, the mirror is suitable for low wavelength and polarization dependent optical coupling. Error free transmission of 28-GBaud NRZ optical signal through the Si waveguide, mirror coupling, and polymer waveguide was achieved without significant penalties. The optical coupling of the polymer waveguides to SMFs was also achieved by passive alignment using a low-cost MT-ferrule-compatible optical connector. The loss penalty of the passive alignment was about 3 dB.
Learning from Experience: Real-Time H2S Monitoring System Using Fuzzy ART Unsupervised Learning (2018)

Abstract Drilling boreholes through hydrogen sulfide (H2S) bearing formations such as Umm Er Radhuma and Tayarat Formations poses a critical challenge for the oil and gas industry in southern Iraq. In this era of increased concern for personal safety and environmental factors, the industry needs additional tools and methods for handling this deadly and corrosive gas. This paper describes how actual formation field data is entered into unsupervised learning software to train a H2S monitoring simulator to improve the drilling operators’ ability to detect H2S, analyse and then adjust mud pH to neutralize free H2S present in drilling fluids. The H2S concentration measurements for five drilled wells in the Umm Er Radhuma and Tayarat fields in the South of Iraq used in a previous study are extended to include data from an additional 12 wells with 22 H2S events. This paper describes a real-time H2S simulator which consists of a computer interface kit implementing MATLAB code. The kit is provided with three LEDs (green, yellow, and red) representing different alert levels. The system monitors changes in H2S levels and triggers alarms depending on the levels. The setup of the alert levels for the simulator are adopted from both Health Safety Environment (HSE) policy and unsupervised vector quantization via Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) neural network category ranges. Results show that using Fuzzy ART to train the H2S simulator alert levels based on formation data leads to a smarter and more sophisticated alert system compared to the typical HSE set of alerts. Specifically, the Fuzzy ART derived alerts enable earlier detection of H2S events, faster response to changing H2S levels, and it computes workers’ exposure over time to H2S, to prevent excessive accumulation of H2S in the respiratory system. The system demonstrates a smarter and more robust method for reducing risks to drilling personnel, rig equipment, and the environment while drilling in areas with H2S hazards.
The yeast retrotransposon Ty5 uses the anticodon stem-loop of the initiator methionine tRNA as a primer for reverse transcription (1999)

Retrotransposons and retroviruses replicate by reverse transcription of an mRNA intermediate. Most retroelements initiate reverse transcription from a host-encoded tRNA primer. DNA synthesis typically extends from the 3'-OH of the acceptor stem, which is complementary to sequences on the retroelement mRNA (the primer binding site, PBS). However, for some retrotransposons, including the yeast Ty5 elements, sequences in the anticodon stem-loop of the initiator methionine tRNA (IMT) are complementary to the PBS. We took advantage of the genetic tractability of the yeast system to investigate the mechanism of Ty5 priming. We found that transposition frequencies decreased at least 800-fold for mutations in the Ty5 PBS that disrupt complementarity with the IMT. Similarly, transposition was reduced at least 200-fold for IMT mutations in the anticodon stem-loop. Base pairing between the Ty5 PBS and IMT is essential for transposition, as compensatory changes that restored base pairing between the two mutant RNAs restored transposition significantly. An analysis of 12 imt mutants with base changes outside of the region of complementarity failed to identify other tRNA residues important for transposition. In addition, assays carried out with heterologous IMTs from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that residues outside of the anticodon stem-loop have at most a fivefold effect on transposition. Our genetic system should make it possible to further define the components required for priming and to understand the mechanism by which Ty5's novel primer is generated.
Formal Synthesis of (±)-Callosobruchusic Acid (1999)

Abstract Callosobruchusic acid, a monoterpene dicarboxylic acid, has been prepared in five steps from 2-methylfuran and methyl α-diazopropionate.
The Engineering of Biology and Medicine (2015)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Syntheses of meta‐[18F]fluorobenzaldehyde and meta‐[18F]fluorobenzylbromide from phenyl(3‐Formylphenyl) iodonium salt precursors (2011)

(18)F-labeled fluorobenzaldehydes and fluorobenzylbromides are useful synthons for the preparation of PET radiopharmaceuticals. Whereas ortho- and para-[(18)F]fluorobenzaldehydes can easily be prepared with high yields, the corresponding meta- derivatives are more problematic. In order to improve the yield of meta-[(18)F]fluorobenzaldehyde we used the corresponding diaryliodonium salt precursors, since diaryliodonium salts had already been used as precursors in preparations of (18)F-labeled electron rich, as well as electron deficient, aromatic rings. Diaryliodonium salts with different counter ions [PhIPhCHO]X (X = Cl, Br, OTs, OTf) were synthesized. (18)F radiolabeling was performed using different bases at different temperatures in the presence of a radical scavenger, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO). The best conversion (~80%) to meta-[(18)F] fluorobenzaldehyde was obtained using CsHCO(3) base at a reaction temperature of 110 °C. To study iodonium salt counter ion effects on radiofluorination, each precursor was separately treated with CsF[(18)F]/CsHCO(3) in DMF at 110 °C for 5 min in the presence of TEMPO. Our observed reactivity order was OTs<Cl<OTf<Br. Meta-[(18)F]fluorobenzaldehyde thus obtained was reduced to the corresponding alcohol with aqueous NaBH(4) at room temperature and then converted to meta-[(18)F]fluorobenzylbromide using triphenylphosphine dibromide. Formation of meta-[(18)F]fluorobenzylbromide was confirmed by HPLC and the desired product was purified on a silica Sep-Pak(®) plus cartridge.
Sex-Specific Differences in the Effect of Free Testosterone on Sarcopenia Components in Older Adults (2021)

Low levels of FT may be a significant determinant of decreases in muscle strength in women and declines in physical performance in men after 2 years. Low FT do not predict loss of muscle mass in both men and women.
Amplification of 4q21–q22 and the MXR gene in independently derived mitoxantrone‐resistant cell lines (2000)

Molecular cytogenetic studies were conducted on three multidrug-resistant cancer sublines which are highly resistant to the chemotherapeutic agent mitoxantrone, an anthracenedione. The three independently selected sublines were derived by exposure to mitoxantrone or Adriamycin and do not overexpress MDR1 or MRP. Two sublines, MCF-7 AdVp3000 and MCF-7 MX, showed an amplification peak at 4q21–q22, as demonstrated by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), while the third, S1-M1–80, did not. FISH using a whole chromosome 4 paint demonstrated multiple rearrangements involving chromosome 4 in MCF-7 AdVp3000 and MCF-7 MX, while S1-M1–80 contained only a simple reciprocal translocation. The parental cell lines had no chromosome 4 rearrangements and no copy number gain or amplification of chromosome 4. Spectral karyotyping (SKY) analysis revealed a balanced translocation, t(4;17)(q21–q22;p13) in S1-M1–80 and multiple clonal translocations involving chromosome 4 in MCF-7 AdVp3000 and MCF-7 MX. A novel cDNA, designated MXR, which encodes an ABC half-transporter and is highly overexpressed in the three sublines, was localized to chromosome 4 by somatic cell hybrid analysis. Southern blot analysis demonstrated amplification of the MXR gene in MCF-7 AdVp3000 and MCF-7 MX, but not in S1-M1–80. FISH studies with a BAC probe for MXR localized the gene to 4q21–22 in the normal chromosome 4 and revealed in both MCF-7 AdVp3000 and MCF-7 MX amplification of MXR at one translocation juncture, shown by SKY to be t(4;5)(4qter→4cen→4q21–22::5q13→5qter) in MCF-7 AdVp3000 and t(6;4;6;3)(6pter→6q15::4q21–q22::hsr::6q?::3q?27→3qter) in MCF MX; neither of the breakpoints in the partner chromosomes showed amplification by CGH. The data are consistent with the hypothesis of a transporter, presumably that encoded by the MXR gene, mediating mitoxantrone resistance. The MXR gene encodes a half-transporter and the absence of cytogenetic evidence of coamplification of other regions suggests that a partner may not be overexpressed, and instead the MXR half-transporter homodimerizes to mediate drug transport. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:110–116, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Joint Lattice and Subspace Vector Perturbation with PAPR Reduction for Massive MU-MIMO Systems (2018)

State-of-the-art base stations can be equipped with a massively large number of antenna elements, often several hundreds of elements, thanks to the rapid advancement of wideband radio-frequency (RF) analog circuits and compact antenna design techniques. With massive antenna systems, a relatively large number of users can be served at the same time by means of analog and digital beamforming and spatial multiplexing. We investigate such a large-scale multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) wireless system employing an orthogonal frequency- division multiplexing (OFDM)-based downlink transmission scheme. The use of OFDM causes a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which usually calls for expensive and power-inefficient RF components at the base station. In this paper, we propose a nullspace vector perturbation (VP) which integrates both nonlinear lattice and linear subspace precoding approaches. By exploiting high degrees of freedom available in massive MU-MIMO OFDM systems, the signal PAPR can be significantly reduced with the proposed method. We also introduce a Gaussian process (GP) regression approach to be robust against the imperfect channel knowledge, which is required for the VP operation, in time-varying fading channels. Our analysis of outage capacity reveals that the proposed VP with GP regression offers a significant improvement in sum-rate spectral efficiency while reducing the PAPR.
The effects of citric acid on phytate-phosphorus utilization in young chicks and pigs. (2000)

Several bioassays were conducted with young chicks and pigs fed phosphorus (P)-deficient corn-soybean meal diets. With diets for chicks containing .62% Ca and .42% P (.10% available P), graded doses of a citric acid + sodium citrate (1:1, wt:wt) mixture (0, 1, 2, 4, or 6% of diet) resulted in linear (P < .01) increases in both weight gain and tibia ash. Relative to chicks fed no citric acid, tibia ash (%) and weight gain (g/d) were increased by 43 and 22%, respectively, in chicks fed 6% citric acid. Additional chick trials showed that 6% citric acid alone or sodium citrate alone was as efficacious as the citric acid + sodium citrate mixture and that 1,450 U/kg of phytase produced a positive response in bone ash and weight gain in chicks fed a diet containing 6% citrate. Varying the Ca:available P ratio with and without citrate supplementation indicated that citric acid primarily affected phytate-P utilization, not Ca, in chicks. Moreover, chicks did not respond to citrate supplementation when fed a P-deficient (.13% available P), phytate-free casein-dextrose diet. Young pigs averaging 10 to 11 kg also were used to evaluate citric acid efficacy in two experiments. A P-deficient corn-soybean meal basal diet was used to construct five treatment diets that contained 1) no additive, 2) 3% citric acid, 3) 6% citric acid, 4) 1,450 U/kg phytase, and 5) 6% citric acid + 1,450 U/kg phytase. Phytase supplementation increased (P < .01) weight gain, gain:feed, and metatarsal ash, whereas citric acid addition increased only gain:feed (P < .05) and metatarsal ash (P < .08). A subsequent 22-d pig experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of lower levels of citric acid (0, 1, 2, or 3%) or 1,450 U/kg phytase addition to a P-deficient corn-soybean meal diet. Phytase supplementation improved (P < .01) all criteria measured. Weight gain and gain:feed data suggested a response to citric acid addition, but this was not supported by fibula ash results (P > .10). The positive responses to phytase were much greater than those to citric acid in both pig experiments. Thus, dietary citric acid effectively improved phytate P utilization in chicks but had a much smaller effect in pigs.