gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ex Vivo implantation study of minimally invasive glaucoma drainage device (2010)

We present in this paper the first ex vivo implantation results of our minimally invasive glaucoma drainage device (GDD.) The GDD is designed to treat glaucoma patients by draining out their extraneous aqueous humor out of the anterior chamber utilizing a MEMS micro-fluidic normally closed (NC) check valve. The NC check valve is encapsulated in protective tubing made from parylene C, which has been proved to be biocompatible in implantation. A new packaging and a bench-top testing procedure is established to characterize the integrated GDD prior to its implantation into enucleated porcine eyes. Pre-implanted characterization curve demonstrates a cracking pressure of 10-20 mmHg of the NC check valve, which agrees with our theoretical design. Ex vivo implantation results show that cracking pressure is measured as 24 mmHg by unloading the eye pressure. The little offset of the cracking pressure comes from the differences between the in vitro and ex vivo testing environments. The hysteresis behavior of the NC check valve is also examined during implantation and is presented here.
Assessment of a new simulation approach for estimating PV output variability from satellite imagery (2011)

Uncertainty about the impacts of very large PV plants on utility operations is a barrier to building such plants. Output variability is of particular concern due to its potential impact on grid reliability and operations. Quantifying the impacts of proposed plants generally relies on simulating plant performance without the benefit of irradiance measurements at the proposed plant locations. Accordingly, methods for simulating irradiance are of great interest. Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has developed a relatively simple method to estimate one-minute power output from fleets of large PV plants. The method relies on generating artificial time series of irradiance from hourly satellite irradiance estimates (available nearly everywhere) and one-minute ground measurements of irradiance from analogue sites in the region [1]. When applied to the southern Nevada region, the resulting time series preserve basic statistics for irradiance and for changes in irradiance, and exhibit characteristics evident in measured irradiance from other regions. Here we investigate the dependence of the simulation on the available ground measurements. If ground measurements capture generic irradiance patterns, then the method could be applied to regions other than where the measurements were made. We use ground measurements from southern Nevada and Tennessee to simulate irradiance for a site in Florida, where we use hourly averages of ground-measured irradiance in lieu of satellite estimates. The simulation results compare poorly with ground observations of irradiance at a one-minute time scale. We conclude that our simulation method is not general in the sense that it appears to require irradiance measurements within the region of interest.
Spatial response of infrared antennas (1998)

We present measurements on the spatial-response profiles of nanometer-scale thin-film Ni-NiO-Ni diodes integrated with infrared dipole and bow-tie antennas. Antennas are usually tested for their angular response using collimated radiation. However, in this study, focused radiation with a wavelength of 10.6 micrometer is scanned across the receiving area of the detector. This permits determination of the effective collection area of an individual infrared antenna. The width of the collection area parallel to the antenna axis is shown to scale with the physical length of the antenna. The determination of the effective collection area permits a characterization of the fringe fields surrounding the antenna and can be used to investigate the cross talk between adjacent antennas. It allows calculation on the power collected by an infrared antenna for a given irradiance of the illuminating beam. The spatial response also gives insight into the current-wave modes propagating on the antenna. Fast infrared detectors have dimensions considerably smaller than the wavelength of the incident radiation. Their performance is enhanced with the aid of wire or planar antennas having dimensions comparable with the wavelength. The efficiency of infrared lithographic antennas for detection at wavelengths near 10 micrometer was demonstrated with various types of detectors, including thin film metal-oxide-metal diodes (MOM or MIM) and Nb microbolometers. To investigate the mechanism of infrared antennas, we determine the spatial response of various dipole and bow-tie antennas at 10.6 micrometer wavelength. For this purpose, we scan tightly focused radiation at normal incidence across the receiving area of the detector in two orthogonal directions. The effective receiving area is a relevant parameter for infrared antennas. It first permits a radiometric characterization of the detector based on received power for a given incident irradiance. It also defines the spacing of individual detectors required for construction of an area receiver, and in a two-dimensional array allows calculation of cross-talk level between adjacent devices. The spatial response of infrared antennas on a substrate also contributes to the understanding of the resonant modes propagating on the structure.
Data from Macrophage Inflammatory Protein Derivative ECI301 Enhances the Alarmin-Associated Abscopal Benefits of Tumor Radiotherapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Radiotherapy can produce antitumor benefits beyond the local site of irradiation, an immune-based phenomenon known as the abscopal effect, but the mechanisms underlying these benefits are poorly understood. Preclinical studies of ECI301, a mutant derivative of macrophage inhibitory protein-1α, have shown that its administration can improve the antitumor effects of radiotherapy in a manner associated with a tumor-independent abscopal effect. In this article, we report that i.v. administration of ECI301 after intratumoral injection of tumor cell lysates can inhibit tumor growth, not only at the site of injection but also at nontreated sites. Effects of the tumor lysate were further recapitulated by i.v. administration of the alarmins HSP70 or HMGB1, but not HSP60, and combinations of ECI301 + HSP70 were sufficient to inhibit tumor growth. Although injection of ECI301 + HMGB1 did not inhibit tumor growth, we found that administration of a neutralizing HMGB1 antibody neutralized the cooperative effects of ECI301 on tumor irradiation. Moreover, mice genetically deficient in TLR4, an immune pattern receptor that binds alarmins, including HMGB1 and HSP70, did not exhibit antitumor responses to irradiation with ECI301 administration. Although ECI301 was cleared rapidly from peripheral blood, it was found to bind avidly to HSP70 and HMGB1 &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Our results suggest a model in which sequential release of the alarmins HSP70 and HMGB1 from a tumor by irradiation may trap circulating ECI301, thereby licensing or restoring tumor immunosurveillance capabilities of natural killer cells or CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells against tumor cells that may evade irradiation. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 74(18); 5070–8. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Visual-Based Positioning of Aerial Maintenance Platforms on Overhead Transmission Lines (2019)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are an emerging and promising alternative for monitoring of transmission lines in terms of flexibility, complexity, working speed, and cost. One of the main challenges is to enable UAVs to become as autonomous as possible. A vital component toward this direction is the robust and accurate estimation of the UAV placement with respect to the transmission grid. This work faces this challenge by developing a transmission line autonomous tracking system, which allows the placement of a commercial drone over a transmission grid using a monocular camera. This feature provides accurate positioning for the vehicle even where the Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal is denied, enabling to report the status of transmission lines, at any time. The system isolates transmission grid conductors in each acquired RGB-image using an image-processing algorithm based on Hough transform, morphological operations, and Gabor filters. With this information, the system computes the location of the UAV using a geometric approach that relates transmission lines building parameter and optical geometry. However, it has the problem of gradual error accumulation when the drone moves. In this regards, the estimated position of the drone is computed by the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) by the position information estimated by visual-system, the inertial measurement unit (IMU) and GNSS. The proposed positioning system showed an efficiency of 91.44% in field experimentation in the extraction of transmission conductor, with a root mean square the error of 0.18 m in the UAV localization.
Mechanisms of aortic valve incompetence in aging: a finite element model. (1999)

In these models, increased stiffness and thickness due to aging reduces leaflet deformation and restricts coaptation. Clinically, valvular regurgitation may result due to leaflet thickening and stiffening with normal aging. Our model can now be utilized to evaluate the root-valve relationship in the presence of bioprosthetic valves or root replacements.
Receptor-type guanylate cyclase is required for carbon dioxide sensation by Caenorhabditis elegans (2010)

CO(2) is both a critical regulator of animal physiology and an important sensory cue for many animals for host detection, food location, and mate finding. The free-living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans shows CO(2) avoidance behavior, which requires a pair of ciliated sensory neurons, the BAG neurons. Using in vivo calcium imaging, we show that CO(2) specifically activates the BAG neurons and that the CO(2)-sensing function of BAG neurons requires TAX-2/TAX-4 cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels and the receptor-type guanylate cyclase GCY-9. Our results delineate a molecular pathway for CO(2) sensing and suggest that activation of a receptor-type guanylate cyclase is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which animals detect environmental CO(2).
Symbol-Based Over-the-Air Digital Predistortion Using Reinforcement Learning (2022)

We propose an over-the-air digital predistortion optimization algorithm using reinforcement learning. Based on a symbol-based criterion, the algorithm minimizes the errors between downsampled messages at the receiver side. The algorithm does not require any knowledge about the underlying hardware or channel. For a generalized memory polynomial power amplifier and additive white Gaussian noise channel, we show that the proposed algorithm achieves performance improvements in terms of symbol error rate compared with an indirect learning architecture even when the latter is coupled with a full sampling rate ADC in the feedback path. Furthermore, it maintains a satisfactory adjacent channel power ratio.
RBRP: a robust broadcast reservation protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (2002)

In this paper we present RBRP, a TDMA-based distributed medium access control (MAC) protocol for broadcast reservations in mobile ad hoc networks. The primary design goal of RBRP is robustness of broadcast reservations in the presence of hidden terminals, reservation deadlocks and mobility. Specifically, RBRP is characterized by four important features: (i) a two step signaling process in which the reservation signaling part is completely decoupled from the data portion of the frame; (ii) a multiple mini-slot reservation request phase within a reservation slot to prevent deadlocks; (iii) special signaling at the beginning of every data slot to adapt to topology changes and (iv) an optimization to improve the spatial reuse of the channel, and hence the utilization, with unicast traffic. Using a detailed simulation model in ns-2, we evaluated the performance of RBRP in comparison with the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) MAC. Our simulation results show that RBRP achieves more than 100% throughput improvement over 802.11 DCF in the presence of hidden terminals and mobility, both for broadcast and unicast traffic, while having comparable performance in a fully connected network.
Epigenetic control of the protocadherin-gamma locus provides a potential source of cell surface codes in B cell differentiation (2020)

Abstract Cellular adhesion plays an important role in determining homing and retention of cells to specific locations. Antibody-secreting plasma cells (PCs) depend on access to niche microenvironments for survival, but the factors that control the adhesion behaviour of different PCs are incompletely understood. We noted that cadherin superfamily protocadherin (PCDH) genes showed a dynamic pattern of regulation during differentiation of human PCs. Clustered PCDHs are split into 3 gene loci (α, β and γ). Choice of variable first exons, which encode the extracellular domain is determined by selective promoter usage. This is controlled by CTCF and enhancer looping. In neurons, PCDH expression generates single cell identity codes important for synapse formation. Tracking differentiation from B cell to PC stage, ATAC-seq demonstrated selective accessibility over the PCDHG but not PCDHA or PCDHB loci. ChIP-seq for CTCF, H3K4me3 and H3K27ac revealed active promoter marks and CTCF interactions within the PCDHG locus. Flow cytometry confirmed heterogenous expression of PCDHG family members during PC differentiation in line with mRNA patterns. Consistent with post-translational regulation, PCDHG surface expression was additionally increased by ADAM protease inhibition. We conclude that the B cell lineage shows selective epigenetic accessibility at the PCDHG locus and expression of PCDHG family members upon differentiation to the PC state. This is coupled with patterns of CTCF occupancy implicated in regulating surface identity codes. We conclude that epigenetic control of the PCDHG locus provides a potential source of cell surface codes amongst differentiating PCs.
Scaling Analysis for the Axial Displacement and Pressure of Flextensional Transducers (1997)

We have examined the axial displacement, Δ h , and maximum axial pressure, P max , of flextensional transducers such as the moonies and the rainbows with both scaling and mechanical analyses. For a constant electric field E across the transducer, Δ h / t ∝ E / t 2 where t is the thickness of the rainbow or the thickness of the metal end cap of the moonie and Δ h / t , the relative axial displacement. Thus, for a constant voltage V across the transducer, Δ h / t ∝ V / t 3 . As for the maximum pressure, P max t 2 for the rainbows and P max ∝ wt for the moonies where t is the thickness of the rainbow or the thickness of the metal end cap of the moonie and w the thickness of the piezoelectric disk of the moonie. These predictions agree well with the experimental results found in the rainbows and the moonies. Our analysis showed that although the rainbows and the moonies differ in design and processing, the underlying physics for the enhancement in the axial displacement are essentially the same: The nonuniform distribution of d 31 through the thickness of the transducer causes the transducer to arch or flatten with an applied electrical field, which leads to the enhancement in the axial displacement. The only difference is that, for the transducer to arch, the applied field is in the opposite direction to the polarization in the rainbows but in the same direction as the polarization in the moonies.
Removal of calcific deposits of the rotator cuff tendon using an intra‐articular ultrasound probe (2006)

Calcific tendonitis is a difficult condition to treat. In this report we describe a new technique for imaging the deposit in complicated cases. Previously the patient had an unsuccessful operation due to difficulty in visualising the deposit. An ultrasound probe was inserted arthroscopically and the calcification detected and then removed, this was later confirmed on external ultrasound.
A Convenient Synthesis of Difluoroalkyl Ethers from Thionoesters Using Silver(I) Fluoride (2019)

Herein we report the mild and rapid fluorodesulfurization of thionoesters using only silver(I) fluoride. This reaction demonstrates excellent functional group tolerance and complements existing strategies for difluoroalkyl ether synthesis, which rely on toxic and often dangerous reagents that demonstrate limited functional group compatibility. We additionally report the translation of this finding to the production of <sup>18</sup> F-labelled difluoroalkyl ethers using fluoride-derived [<sup>18</sup> F]AgF. This new process should enable the synthesis of a wide range of difluoroalkyl ethers with applications in medicinal and materials chemistry, and radiotracer production.
Characterization of Lipids and Lignans in Brewer’s Spent Grain and Its Enzymatically Extracted Fraction (2012)

Brewer's spent grain (BSG), the major side stream of brewing, consists of the husks and the residual parts of malts after the mashing process. BSG was enzymatically fractionated by a two-step treatment with carbohydrate- and protein-degrading enzymes, which solubilized 66% of BSG. BSG contained 11% lipids, which were mostly triglycerides, but also a notable amount of free fatty acids was present. Lipids were mostly solubilized due to the alkaline pH applied in the protease treatment. The main fatty acids were linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids. Several lignans were identified in BSG, syringaresinol and secoisolariciresinol being the most abundant, many associated with the cell wall matrix and released by the alkaline-protease treatment.
Fast Uncertainty Estimates in Deep Learning Interatomic Potentials (2022)

Deep learning has emerged as a promising paradigm to give access to highly accurate predictions of molecular and materials properties. A common short-coming shared by current approaches, however, is that neural networks only give point estimates of their predictions and do not come with predictive uncertainties associated with these estimates. Existing uncertainty quantification efforts have primarily leveraged the standard deviation of predictions across an ensemble of independently trained neural networks. This incurs a large computational overhead in both training and prediction that often results in order-of-magnitude more expensive predictions. Here, we propose a method to estimate the predictive uncertainty based on a single neural network without the need for an ensemble. This allows us to obtain uncertainty estimates with virtually no additional computational overhead over standard training and inference. We demonstrate that the quality of the uncertainty estimates matches those obtained from deep ensembles. We further examine the uncertainty estimates of our methods and deep ensembles across the configuration space of our test system and compare the uncertainties to the potential energy surface. Finally, we study the efficacy of the method in an active learning setting and find the results to match an ensemble-based strategy at order-of-magnitude reduced computational cost.
The terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase gene is located on human chromosome 10 (10q23→q24) and on mouse chromosome 19 (1986)

Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) is a DNA polymerase expressed in immature lymphocytes of the thymus and bone marrow, as well as certain leukemic cells. Chromosomal assignment of the gene coding for human TdT was accomplished by in situ hybridization of a 3H-labeled cDNA probe to human chromosome preparations and by Southern blot analysis of somatic cell hybrid DNAs. The human TdT gene was mapped to the region q23----q24 of chromosome 10. Breaks at this site have been reported in different translocations in human leukemias. The mouse TdT gene was assigned to chromosome 19 by Southern blot analysis of mouse X Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. This result adds a fourth locus to the conserved syntenic group on mouse chromosome 19 and human chromosome 10.
O<sub>2</sub>-Mediated Photocatalytic Functionalization of Organic Compounds: Recent Advances Towards Greener Synthetic Routes (2013)

Eco-friendly standards require organic synthetic protocols able to combine a low environmental impact with an economical convenience. The aerobic selective oxidation of organic compounds promoted by visible light radiation (including ambient sunlight) is candidate to become one of the most important, cheapest and greenest tools to transform raw materials into more complex molecules. Most of organic photochemical processes reported in the literature in the last century are promoted by high-energy ultraviolet radiation, this limiting the potential benefits of the proposed approaches. Nevertheless, in the last decade several inorganic, organometallic and organic photocatalysts (doped semiconductors, transition metal complexes, organic molecules and ions) have been developed, which are able to adsorb in the visible spectrum. Herein we provide a concise overview of the most significant and recent examples in which these photocatalysts are able to promote the functionalization of organic compounds via selective photooxidation in a molecular oxygen atmosphere. Keywords: Molecular oxygen, Photocatalysis, Photooxidation, Photosensitizers, Sunlight, Semiconductors, Electron transfer
AutoCRAFT: Layout Automation for Custom Circuits in Advanced FinFET Technologies (2022)

Despite continuous efforts in layout automation for full-custom circuits, including analog/mixed-signal (AMS) designs, automated layout tools have not yet been widely adopted in current industrial full-custom design flows due to the high circuit complexity and sensitivity to layout parasitics. Nevertheless, the strict design rules and grid-based restrictions in nanometer-scale FinFET nodes limit the degree of freedom in full-custom layout design and thus reduce the gap between automation tools and human experts. This paper presents AutoCRAFT, an automatic layout generator targeting region-based layouts for advanced FinFET-based full-custom circuits. AutoCRAFT uses specialized place-and-route (P&R) algorithms to handle various design constraints while adhering to typical FinFET layout styles. Verified by comprehensive post-layout analyses, AutoCRAFT has achieved promising preliminary results in generating sign-off quality layouts for industrial benchmarks.
Computational folkloristics (2012)

A searchable meta-graph can connect even troublesome house elves and other supernatural beings to scholarly folk categories.
Field ionization and forced autoionization ofLi2 (1987)

Bound ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}$ states of principal quantum number n=12--14 converging to v=2 and 3 levels of the ground state of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}$${\mathrm{}}^{+}$ can be ionized by fields of \ensuremath{\sim}200 V/cm, 2 orders of magnitude less than expected for direct field ionization of these levels. The result is shown to be due to forced autoionization. The field depresses the ionization limit of the series converging to the lowest rotational-vibrational ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}$${\mathrm{}}^{+}$ levels, and the n=12--14 levels in question autoionize to the Stark-induced continuum.
Spectral clustering to model deformations for fast multimodal prostate registration (2012)

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