gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control assembly for controlling a fuel cell system during shutdown and restart (2023)

A fuel cell system and method in which the fuel cell system receives and an input oxidant gas and an input fuel gas, and in which a fuel processing assembly is provided and is adapted to at least humidify the input fuel gas which is to be supplied to the anode of the fuel cell of the system whose cathode receives the oxidant input gas via an anode oxidizing assembly which is adapted to couple the output of the anode of the fuel cell to the inlet of the cathode of the fuel cell during normal operation, shutdown and restart of the fuel cell system, and in which a control assembly is further provided and is adapted to respond to shutdown of the fuel cell system during which input fuel gas and input oxidant gas cease to be received by the fuel cell system, the control assembly being further adapted to, when the fuel cell system is shut down: control the fuel cell system so as to enable a purging gas to be able to flow through the fuel processing assembly to remove humidified fuel gas from the processing assembly and to enable a purging gas to be able to flow through the anode of the fuel cell.
Full‐duplex Radios in 5G: Fundamentals, Design and Prototyping (2016)

The proliferation of smartphones, tablet PCs and laptops is continually boosting demand for higher throughput of mobile devices with advanced wireless network capabilities. To support such demand, fifth generation (5G) wireless communications are expected to provide 1000-fold greater throughput than 4G. Full-duplex radios simultaneously transmit and receive in the same frequency band. This chapter is devoted to designing and prototyping of full-duplex communication systems, with emphasis on various self-interference cancellation (SIC) schemes. The goal of digital SIC is to cancel residual self-interference after analog SIC, especially that originated from the non-line-of-sight reflections. Owing to the recent development of software-defined radio (SDR) platforms, prototyping has become a viable option for algorithm researchers. Synchronization is one of the key blocks to implementation of real-time wireless communication systems, especially full-duplex systems. The reference symbol (RS) is essential to estimating the channel for full-duplex radio. Channel estimation is performed for two channels: the self-interference channel and signal-of-interest channel.
Functionalized acrylic polyhydroxy urethanes as molecular tool box for photocurable thermosets and 3D printing (2021)

Abstract Liquid urethane (meth)acrylates represent attractive components of photocurable thermosets for applications ranging from coatings and adhesives to 3D printing. Herein we tailor liquid polyfunctional urethane methacrylates (UMA) derived from acrylic polyhydroxy urethanes. Cyclic carbonate methacrylates react with diamines to form dihydroxy‐functional urethane dimethacrylates. In an “one‐pot” process the hydroxy groups are functionalized either by reaction with 2‐isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEMA) or by esterification with methacrylic anhydride (MAA) and acetic anhydride (AA). The hydroxy group esterification substantially lowers the resin viscosity (26–156 Pa•s). Hydroxy functionalization with IEMA and MAA affords tetrafunctional methacrylates. The corresponding photo‐cured thermosets exhibit higher crosslinking density and improved stiffness as reflected by increasing the Young's modulus from 2900 to 3700 MPa combined with increasing the glass temperature from 135 to 204°C. Hence, this facile molecular UMA design enables to control functionality and thermoset properties over a wide range and meets the demands of 3D printing applications.
Amidverbrückung, eine neue Art der Modifizierung von Oligonucleotidrückgraten (1994)

keine Beeinträchtigung der Affinität für komplementäre RNA resultiert aus dem Ersatz der natürlichen Phosphodiestereinheiten in Oligonucleotiden durch Amideinheiten. Diese ergaben Untersuchungen von Oligonucleotiden, die einen oder mehrere der modifizierten Bausteine 1 enthielten. Zusätzlich waren diese Oligonucleotide gegenüber 3′‐Exonucleasen nm etwa einen Faktor 10 stabiler. magnified image
A Synchro-Set-Aided Breadth-First Sphere Decoder for Polar-Coded MIMO Systems (2022)

The joint optimization of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) detection and polar decoding has become a research hotspot for future communication systems. The error-correction performance of the separate detection and decoding (SDD) is far from the Shannon capacity, which cannot meet the requirements of communication scenarios such as ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC). The existing joint detection and decoding (JDD) using breadth-first sphere decoding (BFSD) improves the reliability over SDD but still has a huge performance loss on low-rate codes. In this paper, JDD using synchro-set-aided BFSD (SA-BFSD) is proposed to greatly improve the error-correction performance for polar-coded MIMO systems. We first propose a method to generate the symbol synchro sets through the concept of frozen symbols, then refine the symbol synchro sets based on the characteristics analysis of the channel matrix. We optimize the enumerating order of the symbols and reduce the enumerating levels. The frame error rate (FER) and the bit error rate of the proposed algorithms are significantly improved especially for the low-rate codes. The proposed SA-BFSD JDD achieves an up to 7.8 dB performance gain over BFSD at FER <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$=10^{-3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> . The hardware architecture of the polar JDD scheme is first implemented with SMIC 40-nm CMOS technology for MIMO systems. The reliability and latency of SA-BFSD are much better than those of the existing works, which could meet the requirements of URLLC.
#TAIA2012 (2012)

The SIGIR 2012Workshop on Time-aware Information Access (#TAIA2012)1 was held in Portland on Thursday, 16 August 2012. The workshop brought together about 50 researchers from academia and industry for a full-day programme on time-sensitive information access that involved three keynotes and nine paper presentations.
GRASS : flame retardant artificial turf : safe and sustainable (2019)

Artificial grass is mainly composed of organic polymers with a consequent potential fire hazard. However, the behaviour of artificial grass in case of fire has been poorly studied and is thus misunderstood. The GRASS project has two objectives: informing the public that natural turf has a different fire behaviour than artificial turf and improving fire behaviour of artificial turf by developing innovative, eco-friendly and industrially applicable processes. In the project, constant consultations take place with a resonance group of stake holders represented by producers, installers, sports organisations, governments and end users. The involvement of the resonance group is sufficient guarantee that the new processes emanating from this project will be acceptable for all actors involved in the artificial turf sector (from production and end usage to recycling) and that they will be put into practice.
Reasons and Limits of Substrate Activity of Modified L-dNTP in DNA Biosynthesis (1999)

Theoretical and experimental analysis of interaction of modified D- and L- dNTP as substrates for template-dependent and template-independent DNA polymerases was performed. It is shown that if the modified nucleoside 5'-triphosphates do not contain a substituent in position 3' DNA chains can be extended by both strereoisomeric series with the same kinetic parameters. But the presence of even a 3'-hydroxy group in L-dNTP prevents their incorporation into the DNA chain.
Uncertainty from Motion for DNN Monocular Depth Estimation (2022)

Deployment of deep neural networks (DNNs) for monocular depth estimation in safety-critical scenarios on resource-constrained platforms requires well-calibrated and efficient uncertainty estimates. However, many popular uncertainty estimation techniques, including state-of-the-art ensembles and popular sampling-based methods, require multiple inferences per input, making them difficult to deploy in latency-constrained or energy-constrained scenarios. We propose a new algorithm, called Uncertainty from Motion (UfM), that requires only one inference per input. UfM exploits the temporal redundancy in video inputs by merging incrementally the per-pixel depth prediction and per-pixel aleatoric uncertainty prediction of points that are seen in multiple views in the video sequence. When UfM is applied to ensembles, we show that UfM can retain the uncertainty quality of ensembles at a fraction of the energy by running only a single ensemble member at each frame and fusing the uncertainty over the sequence of frames. In a set of representative experiments using FCDenseNet and eight indistribution and out-of-distribution video sequences, UfM offers comparable uncertainty quality to an ensemble of size 10 while consuming only 11.3% of the ensemble's energy and running 6.4× faster on a single Nvidia RTX 2080 Ti GPU, enabling near ensemble uncertainty quality for resource-constrained, real-time scenarios.
Comparison of fast three-dimensional simulation and actinic inspection for extreme ultraviolet masks with buried defects and absorber features (2009)

The printability of buried extreme ultraviolet (EUV) defects near absorber features is studied using aerial images from the actinic inspection tool (AIT) and the fast EUV mask simulation program RADICAL. This work begins by comparing the printability of isolated defects through focus predicted by RADICAL and measured by the AIT. Then, images of defects near features from both simulation and experiment are investigated for different defect sizes and positions through focus. Finally, RADICAL is used to assess the expected defect printability levels in the less in coherent conditions which are expected to be used for production. Defect printability will be investigated as a function of defect size, position, and focus for the small absorber lines critical to 22nm imaging using a top-hat illumination condition of sigma=0.75. Here, defects as small as 0.8nm surface height cause a critical dimension (CD) change greater than 10% at best focus when located in the worst case position. Defects as small as 2.2nm cause a CD change greater than 10% even when located under the center of the absorber.
MPLS Domain Wide Labels (2015)

This document describes a mechanism of using concept of Domain Wide
MPLS Labels in parallel with any of the existing deployments using
other label distribution and allocation methods where multi protocol
label switching paradigm is used for transport. Specifically it
defines a new type of context label which can be used to differentiate
lookup tables when using Domain Wide transport Labels from other
downstream or upstream assigned transport labels. The end result is
creation of clean new label space in data plane allowing very easy and
smooth migration to the number of applications choosing to use Domain
Wide MPLS Labels.
Metabolic Screening of Cytotoxic T-cell Effector Function Reveals the Role of CRAC Channels in Regulating Lethal Hit Delivery (2021)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) mediate cytotoxicity toward tumor cells by multistep cell-cell interactions. However, the tumor microenvironment can metabolically perturb local CTL effector function. CTL activity is typically studied in two-dimensional (2D) liquid coculture, which is limited in recapitulating the mechanisms and efficacy of the multistep CTL effector response. We here developed a microscopy-based, automated three-dimensional (3D) interface coculture model suitable for medium-throughput screening to delineate the steps and CTL effector mechanisms affected by microenvironmental perturbation. CTL effector function was compromised by deregulated redox homeostasis, deficient mitochondrial respiration, as well as dysfunctional Ca<sup>2+</sup> release-activated Ca<sup>2+</sup> (CRAC) channels. Perturbation of CRAC channel function dampened calcium influx into CTLs, delayed CTL degranulation, and lowered the frequency of sublethal hits (i.e., additive cytotoxicity) delivered to the target cell. Thus, CRAC channel activity controls both individual contact efficacy and CTL cooperativity required for serial killing of target cells. The multistep analysis of CTL effector responses in 3D coculture will facilitate the identification of immune-suppressive mechanisms and guide the rational design of targeted intervention strategies to restore CTL effector function.
IterMVS: Iterative Probability Estimation for Efficient Multi-View Stereo (2022)

We present IterMVS, a new data-driven method for high-resolution multi-view stereo. We propose a novel GRU-based estimator that encodes pixel-wise probability distributions of depth in its hidden state. Ingesting multi-scale matching information, our model refines these distributions over multiple iterations and infers depth and confidence. To extract the depth maps, we combine traditional classification and regression in a novel manner. We verify the efficiency and effectiveness of our method on DTU, Tanks&Temples and ETH3D. While being the most efficient method in both memory and run-time, our model achieves competitive performance on DTU and better generalization ability on Tanks&Temples as well as ETH3D than most state-of-the-art methods. Code is available at https://github.com/FangjinhuaWang/IterMVS.
High-frequency wobbles: a write clock generation method for rewritable DVD that enables near drop-in compatibility with DVD-ROMs (1999)

This paper presents an overview of a new method of write clock generation on rewritable DVD drives that eliminates many of the problems associated with reading rewritable disks in DVD-ROM drives. It is believed that such a format will provide tremendous benefits to the end user, making it possible to edit content on a rewritable DVD disk and then play that same disk in a conventional DVD-ROM player.
Joining of Porous Aluminum and Aluminum Dense Plate by Press Working during Foaming (2022)

In this study, porous ADC12 (Al-Si-Cu alloy) and an A1050 (commercially pure aluminum) dense plate were joined by press working during foaming. The A1050 dense plate was first heated using an optical heating device, and then the ADC12 precursor was placed on the A1050 dense plate. Next, we attempted to join porous ADC12, and the A1050 dense plate by press working during the foaming of porous ADC12. It was shown that porous ADC12 and the A1050 dense plate can be joined by press working during foaming while maintaining the pore shape of porous ADC12. The joined samples exhibited joining strengths higher than the tensile strength of the porous ADC12 itself.
Treatment of Highly Pathogenic H7N9 Virus-Infected Mice with Baloxavir Marboxil (2019)

Viral neuraminidase inhibitors show limited efficacy in mice infected with H7N9 influenza A viruses isolated from humans. Although baloxavir marboxil protected mice from lethal challenge infection with a low pathogenic avian influenza H7N9 virus isolated from a human, its efficacy in mice infected with a recent highly pathogenic version of H7N9 human isolates is unknown. Here, we examined the efficacy of baloxavir marboxil in mice infected with a highly pathogenic human H7N9 virus, A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016. Treatment of infected mice with a single 1.5 mg/kg dose of baloxavir marboxil protected mice from the highly pathogenic human H7N9 virus infection as effectively as oseltamivir treatment at 50 mg/kg twice a day for five days. Daily treatment for five days at 15 or 50 mg/kg of baloxavir marboxil showed superior therapeutic efficacy, largely preventing virus replication in respiratory organs. These results indicate that baloxavir marboxil is a valuable candidate treatment for human patients suffering from highly pathogenic H7N9 virus infection.
Negative dynamic conductance from photon-assisted tunneling in superconducting junctions (1982)

We show that a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) junction may exhibit regions of negative dynamic conductance if it is irradiated by a time-varying signal source which deviates from the conventionally treated constant ac voltage limit. This phenomenon reflects the strong dependence of the junction absorption cross section upon dc bias voltage. Analytic estimates for the magnitude of the negative conductance and its impact upon the frequency down conversion process are obtained in the constant ac current limit.
Midregional Pro-A-Type Natriuretic Peptide Measurements for Diagnosis of Acute Destabilized Heart Failure in Short-of-Breath Patients: Comparison with B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and Amino-Terminal proBNP (2006)

MR-proANP measurements may be useful as an aid in the diagnosis of acute destabilized HF in short-of-breath patients presenting to an emergency department. The diagnostic value of MR-proANP appears to be comparable to that of BNP and NT-proBNP.
Using Speech Models for Separation (2009)

An overview of work at the Laboratory for Recognition and Organization of Speech and Audio, Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, including eigenvoice speaker models and spatial parameter models in reverb.
MIRAGE: Succinct Arguments for Randomized Algorithms with Applications to Universal zk-SNARKs. (2020)

The last few years have witnessed increasing interest in the deployment of zero-knowledge proof systems, in particular ones with succinct proofs and efficient verification (zk-SNARKs). One of the main challenges facing the wide deployment of zk-SNARKs is the requirement of a trusted key generation phase per different computation to achieve practical proving performance. Existing zero-knowledge proof systems that do not require trusted setup or have a single trusted preprocessing phase suffer from increased proof size and/or additional verification overhead. On the other other hand, although universal circuit generators for zk-SNARKs (that can eliminate the need for per-computation preprocessing) have been introduced in the literature, the performance of the prover remains far from practical for real-world applications. In this paper, we first present a new zk-SNARK system that is well-suited for randomized algorithms-in particular it does not encode randomness generation within the arithmetic circuit allowing for more practical prover times. Then, we design a universal circuit that takes as input any arithmetic circuit of a bounded number of operations as well as a possible value assignment, and performs randomized checks to verify consistency. Our universal circuit is linear in the number of operations instead of quasi-linear like other universal circuits. By applying our new zk-SNARK system to our universal circuit, we build MIRAGE, a universal zk-SNARK with very succinct proofs-the proof contains just one additional element compared to the per-circuit preprocessing state-of-the-art zk-SNARK by Groth (Eurocrypt 2016). Finally, we implement MIRAGE and experimentally evaluate its performance for different circuits and in the context of privacy-preserving smart contracts. © 2020 by The USENIX Association. All Rights Reserved.
OLED display incorporating organic photodiodes for fingerprint imaging (2019)

Abstract This paper introduces and demonstrates a display that incorporates an organic image sensor formed in the same pixel as organic light‐emitting diodes through side‐by‐side patterning. The potential applications of this display include touch sensing, scanning, and fingerprint identification at any location on the entire display screen, without the necessity of an external module.
FABRICATION OF HIGH-TcSUPERCONDUCTORS (1989)

ABSTRACT An overview is presented of techniques for fabricating high-Tc superconductors based on Y-Ba-Cu-O, Bi-Sr-Ba-Cu-0 and TI-Ca-Ba-Cu-O. Processing of both thin films and bulk forms such as wires and tapes is discussed. Thin films with high current densities can now be made reproducibly. In addition, several techniques for etching precise patterns into the films have been developed. Bulk forms have yet to be produced with current densities comparable to those in thin films. Improvement in superconducting current density remains the principal focus of much research on bulk forms of high-Tc superconductors.
Adaptive Soft Frequency Reuse for Inter-Cell Interference Coordination in SC-FDMA Based 3GPP LTE Uplinks (2008)

This paper proposes a decentralized adaptive soft frequency reuse scheme for the uplink of 4G long-term evolution (LTE) systems. While universal frequency reuse (UFR) is being targeted for next generation multi-cellular wireless networks, ongoing efforts supporting the LTE standard have proved that actual implementations of UFR in LTE lead to unacceptable interference levels experienced by user equipments near the cell edge area in a multi-cellular configuration. The herein proposed adaptive soft frequency reuse scheme is a step forward towards effective inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) in next-generation wireless networks. Our solution to the uplink ICIC problem stands out for its two essential features that consist of physical resource block (PRB) reuse avoidance/minimization and cell-edge bandwidth breathing which can be implemented at the cost of a negligible information exchange over the X2 interface (backbone). The PRB reuse avoidance feature significantly decreases inter-cell interference levels while improving the achievable average throughput per user, especially for those identified as cell-edge ones. The cell-edge bandwidth breathing strategy allows to track and adapt to semi-static changes in traffic loading and user distributions within each cell which drastically reduces the blocking probability of incoming calls under cell-edge bandwidth constrained traffic.
First total synthesis of parvistone C and its C8-epimer (2017)

Diastereoselective first total synthesis of parvistone C 1 and C8-epimer 1a are described. The key features of our synthesis include Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, stereoselective aryl Grignard reactions, Still–Gennari olefination, and intramolecular cyclization.
Oxidation of Silyl Enol Ethers by Using IBX and IBX⋅N-Oxide Complexes: A Mild and Selective Reaction for the Synthesis of Enones (2002)

α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds can be prepared by the oxidation of trimethylsilyl enol ethers with IBX (1) or IBX⋅MPO (2). A diverse set of carbonyl compounds can be dehydrogenated with ease by using this method. Trimethylsilyl enol ethers such as 4, which are formed in situ by the addition of an organometallic species to an enone, can be dehydrogenated with 1 or 2 to give a functionalized enone (e.g. 3→5). IBX = iodoxybenzoic acid; MPO = 4-methoxypyridine-N-oxide.
Laparoendoscopic Single-Site (LESS) Nephrectomy Through a Pfannenstiel Incision: Porcine Model (2009)

Laparoscopic nephrectomy through a single Pfannenstiel incision is technically feasible in the porcine model. We anticipate incorporating this approach in humans, because we commonly use the Pfannenstiel incision as an extraction site.
Some substitution reactions of thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene and methyl thieno[3;4‐b]thiophene‐2‐carboxylate (1970)

Abstract The formylation of thieno[3,4‐ b ]thiophene gives a mixture of 4‐formyl‐ and 6‐formyl‐thieno[3,4‐ b ]thiophene in a ratio of 70 : 30. Lithiation followed by formylation of the resulting organolithium compounds changes this ratio to 20 : 80. The formylation of methyl thieno[3,4‐ b ]thiophene‐2‐carboxylate has been shown to give the 4‐ and 6‐substituted isomers in a 50 : 50 ratio. The structures of the substitution products were established by oxidation and desulfurization experiments and by PMR spectroscopy.