gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hardware Trojan Detection using Graph Neural Networks (2022)

The globalization of the Integrated Circuit (IC) supply chain has moved most of the design, fabrication, and testing process from a single trusted entity to various untrusted third-party entities around the world. The risk of using untrusted third-Party Intellectual Property (3PIP) is the possibility for adversaries to insert malicious modifications known as Hardware Trojans (HTs). These HTs can compromise the integrity, deteriorate the performance, and deny the functionality of the intended design. Various HT detection methods have been proposed in the literature; however, many fall short due to their reliance on a golden reference circuit, a limited detection scope, the need for manual code review, or the inability to scale with large modern designs. We propose a novel golden reference-free HT detection method for both Register Transfer Level (RTL) and gate-level netlists by leveraging Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to learn the behavior of the circuit through a Data Flow Graph (DFG) representation of the hardware design. We evaluate our model on a custom dataset by expanding the Trusthub HT benchmarks \cite{trusthub1}. The results demonstrate that our approach detects unknown HTs with 97% recall (true positive rate) very fast in 21.1ms for RTL and 84% recall in 13.42s for Gate-Level Netlist.
Abstract LB-103: Structural characterization of SPRY2-Cbl interactions (2015)

Abstract Sprouty 2 (SPRY2) is a feedback modulator of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-ERK signaling, and a potential tumor suppressor. Cbl, an E3 ubiquitin ligase and scaffold protein, binds SPRY2 with high affinity, and sequesters or targets it for degradation. Cbl also binds several growth factor receptors. Hence SPRY2, Cbl and receptors are in a dynamic equilibrium. Truncation and site-mutagenesis studies previously mapped SPRY2-Cbl interactions to two discrete domains, TKB and RING. A pY binding pocket in the TKB SH2 region is critical for binding, but the role(s) of other TKB regions and/or RING are undefined. Interactions of three Cbl recombinant proteins (P47-G351 (TKBD), and two phosphomimetic RING active-conformation constructs, P47-D435 Y371D/E) with three SPRY2 peptides (P1: Q36-N53, a putative RING binder; P2: Q36-T60 (pY55), TKB binder; and P3: 54-60(pY55), a truncated TKB binder) were characterized by computational simulation, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR), fluorescence polarization (FP), and X-ray crystallography. In silico modeling suggested possible low-affinity binding of P1 in the groove between TKBD SH2 and 4-helix (4H) regions and near the RING, but this was not confirmed by FP, SPR, or crystallography. Apo and P2 ligand-bound structures agreed with prior published data; three previously unknown 4H interaction sites were also identified. Data on the effects of site-specific 4H mutants on P2 binding affinities are pending. Binding affinities for P2 with the TKBD, Y371E, and Y371D constructs were 160±5, 92±9, and 45±3 nM, respectively, by SPR; FP results were similar. Direct interactions with the RING were not confirmed, but the higher P2 binding affinities observed with RING constructs suggest that this domain indirectly facilitates SPRY2 binding. Binding of P2 induced 16.9° rotation of the SH2 region and formation of new H-bonds to 4H, compressing the TKBD. Importantly, P4 induced identical conformational changes as P2, but had no direct contact with 4H. These observations are consistent with a refined model of SPRY2-Cbl interaction, where ligand docking at the pY SH2 site is sufficient to globally change TKB architecture, facilitating SPRY2 binding at previously unrecognized sites in the 4H region (Support: KU COBRE-PSF (NIH/RR017708, NIH/GM103420), KU Cancer Center, Kansas Bioscience Authority, and the George &amp; Floriene Lieberman Endowment). Citation Format: Na Zhang, Xuan Zhang, Laurie Washington, Asokan Anbanandam, Kevin Battaile, Philip Gao, Aaron Smalter Hall, Scott Lovell, Anuradha Roy, Robert Hanzlik, Raymond Perez. Structural characterization of SPRY2-Cbl interactions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-103. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-103
Attosecond Electron Streaking with Enhanced Energy Resolution (2016)

We demonstrate an electron streaking measurement combining sub-femtosecond temporal and sub-2 eV spectral resolution utilizing a narrow-band multilayer mirror at 112 eV. This enables time-resolved attosecond experiments investigating dynamics in semiconductors and other small-bandgap materials.
Leveraging Cell Expansion Sensing in State of Charge Estimation: Practical Considerations (2020)

Measurements such as current and terminal voltage that are typically used to determine the battery’s state of charge (SOC) are augmented with measured force associated with electrode expansion as the lithium intercalates in its structure. The combination of the sensed behavior is shown to improve SOC estimation even for the lithium ion iron phosphate (LFP) chemistry, where the voltage–SOC relation is flat (low slope) making SOC estimation using measured voltage difficult. For the LFP cells, the measured force has a non-monotonic F–SOC relationship. This presents a challenge for estimation as multiple force values can correspond to the same SOC. The traditional linear quadratic estimator can be driven to an incorrect SOC value. To address these difficulties, a novel switching estimation gain is used based on determining the operating region that corresponds to the actual SOC. Moreover, a drift in the measured force associated with a shift of the cell SOC–expansion behavior over time is addressed with a bias estimator for the force signal. The performance of Voltage-based (V) and Voltage and Force-based (V&amp;F) SOC estimation algorithms are then compared and evaluated against a desired ± 5 % absolute error bound of the SOC using a dynamic stress test current protocol that tests the proposed estimation scheme across wide range of SOC and current rates.
Reduction of sugar derivatives to valuable chemicals: utilization of asymmetric carbons (2020)

Recent progress on non-furfural routes from sugar derivatives to valuable chemicals including chiral chemicals was reviewed.
Does Abalone Nacre Form by Heteroepitaxial Nucleation or by Growth through Mineral Bridges? (1997)

We present experimental support for a model of abalone nacre growth that is based on mineral bridges between successive aragonite tablets rather than on heteroepitaxial nucleation. Interlamellar sheets of organic polymers delineate the aragonite tablets but allow the tablets to grow mineral bridges through pores in the sheets. Atomic force microscope images of interlamellar organic sheets from flat pearls made by Haliotis rufescens (red abalone; marine gastropod mollusk) reveal a fibrous core and holes of 5−50 nm in diameter. Scanning ion conductance microscopy shows that these holes are actually pores through the interlamellar sheets. With the help of statistical analysis we can associate the pore-to-pore spacings in the interlamellar sheets with the observed offsets of successive nacre tablets. These results, supplemented by AFM, SEM, and TEM images, support and extend the model of biofabrication of gastropod nacre which is based on mineral bridges between the aragonite tablets.
Control of High-Frequency Isolated Modular Converter (2015)

Recently, voltage-source converter (VSC)-based high-voltage dc (HVDC) transmission systems have gained more attention. In this paper, a control method for a modular VSC-based HVDC transmission system with high-frequency isolation referred to as high-frequency isolated modular converter is proposed. In the high-frequency isolated modular converter configuration, several floating dc capacitors in all three phases are connected in series, and voltage balancing control of these floating dc capacitors is required. In this paper, an appropriate control structure with the capacitor voltage balancing controller is proposed. The proposed control scheme consists of three layers to control terminal dc bus voltage and balance dc capacitor voltages of each building block. Detailed PSCAD simulation results are presented to evaluate the performance of high-frequency isolated modular converter. Controller hardware-in-the-loop simulation of the high-frequency isolated modular converter is also performed by real-time digital simulator (RTDS), and RTDS results are presented to verify the control structure. Finally, laboratory-scale experimental results are presented to validate the proposed control method.
A reference list of organic structures whose absolute configurations have been determined by X-ray methods. Part IV (1970)

S. Neidle, D. Rogers and F. H. Allen, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1970, 2340 DOI: 10.1039/J39700002340
Editorial Comments (1985)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Nov 1985Editorial Comments Ralph V. Clayman Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)47536-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comments." The Journal of Urology, 134(5), p. 939 © 1985 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 134Issue 5November 1985Page: 939 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1985 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
VPN Service Provisioning via Virtual Router Deployment and Quantum Key Distribution (2018)

Here we demonstrate, for the first time, VPN services integrated within a virtual router using QKD to perform encryption and authentication. Any management operation is also secured using QKD, providing a whole quantum-safe ecosystem.
Experimental Design and Modeling for Propylene Oxide - CO2 - Poly (Propylene Carbonate) Solutions (2018)

In this research, experimental design was used to formulate the empirical models of viscosity and density of poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), propylene oxide (PO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) solutions by designing experiments at key values of the process variables; concentration of PPC between 0 to 34% (% w/w), temperature in the reactor between 50 to 75C, and gas phase manometric CO2 pressure between 20 to 40 bar. A bench scale reactor (2000 ml) comprising an external circulation loop equipped with in-line viscosity and density measurement devices was used to carry out the tests. The results show that the equilibrium viscosity and density of the solution increased with the concentration of PPC and decreased with the pressure and temperature in the reactor. The density model has 2 value close to unity indicating that the model can predict the variation in the density with very high accuracy. In comparison, the viscosity model has a lower 2 value indicating a need for additional experiments to improve the model. However, both empirical models predict the general trends of the density and viscosity characteristics in the selected range and can be used as a viable alternative to thermodynamic models.
Broad band quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation with MgO doped periodically poled LiNbO/sub 3/ (2002)

Type-I quasi-phase-matched frequency doubling was studied in a MgO doped periodically poled LiNbO/sub 3/ using d/sub 31/. A broad bandwidth of 43 nm was measured for the fundamental wavelength center at 1566 nm.
Measurement of areal density in the ablators of inertial-confinement-fusion capsules via detection of ablator (n, n′γ) gamma-ray emission (2013)

We report the first gamma-ray-based measurements of the areal density of ablators in inertial-confinement-fusion capsule implosions. The measurements, made at the OMEGA laser [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)], used observations of gamma rays arising from inelastic scattering of 14.1-MeV deuterium-tritium (DT) neutrons on 12C nuclei in the compressed plastic ablators. The emission of 12C(n,n′γ) gamma rays from the capsules is detected using the Gamma Reaction History instrument [H. W. Herrmann et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 244, 032047 (2010)] operating at OMEGA. From the ratio of a capsule's 12C(n,n′γ) emission to the emission from the same processes in an in situ reference graphite “puck” of known mass and geometry [N. M. Hoffman et al., in IFSA 2011 proceedings (submitted)], we determine the time-averaged areal density of 12C in the capsule's compressed ablator. Measured values of total ablator areal density for thirteen imploded capsules, in the range 23 ± 10 to 58 ± 14 mg/cm2, are comparable to values calculated in 1D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations, and measured by charged-particle techniques.
Binocular Facilitation in the Visual-Evoked Potential of Strabismic Amblyopes (1981)

Electrophysiological correlates of abnormal binocular function were investigated by studying the monocular and binocular visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) of strabismic amblyopes. Steady-state evoked potentials were elicited by sinusoidal gratings which were temporally modulated in counterphase and logarithmically swept in spatial frequency from 0.2 to 20 c/deg in a 20 sec epoch. The VEP spatial frequency tuning functions of amblyopic eyes are abnormal in that they tend to show a reduced cutoff spatial frequency in relation to the nonamblyopic fellow eye. In contrast, the binocular interactions in strabismic amblyopes are similar in many respects to those of normal observers. These binocular interactions depend upon the spatial frequency and contrast of the stimulus, and may vary from inhibition to marked facilitation. The results suggest that some binocular function may be preserved in the cortex of patients with strabismic amblyopia, and that caution should be exercised in attempting to use the steady-state VEP to differentiate normal from abnormal binocular vision.
A comparative study of citalopram angumentation with olanzapine in depression with somatic symptoms (2007)

Objective To investigate the efficacy of citalopram combined with olanzapine in the treatment of depression with somatic symptoms.Methods A total of 67 patients were randomly divided into citalopram group and citalopram combined with olanzapine group.All patients were evaluated with Hamilton Depression rating Scale for Depression(HAMD),Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS) and a self-designed questionnaire.Results The decreased scores of HAMD in combined group were significantly higher than those in the monoherapy group (P0.01).Side effects in two groups were few.Conclusion A combination of citalopram and olanzepine has obvious effects in the treatment of depression with somatic symptoms.
Artifizielle Metalloenzyme und heterogenisierte Übergangsmetall-Komplexe mit Triphos-Liganden : Synthese, Kupplungsstrategien und katalytische Aktivität (2016)

This doctoral thesis deals with artificial metalloenzymes and heterogenized transition metal complexes with Triphos ligands.In the first part of this work the Triphos ligand was modified and different functional groups were introduced in the ligand backbone for later covalent anchoring. By this the Triphos alcohol ligand and the Triphos aldehyde ligand were accessible.In the second part of this thesis coupling strategies were developed on the basis of these two ligands. For the heterogenisation of transition metal complexes the Triphos alcohol ligand was covalently tethered onto benzoic acid functionalized polystyrene by Steglich esterification. Subsequent complexation reactions with ruthenium and rhodium precursors lead to heterogenized complexes. These complexes were tested successfully in different hydrogenation reactions. In addition, PHIP experiments were conducted with success with the heterogenized rhodium complexes.For the synthesis of artificial metalloenzymes the Triphos aldehyde ligand took center of stage in the investigations. First it was complexated with rhodium precursors and then it was covalently tethered by a hydrazone bond to the protein FhuA which was provided with a maleimid hydrazide linker in the first place. The obtained artificial metalloenzyme was tested in hydrogenation reaction as well in methanol as in water. In both reaction media it showed high activity and long stability. In addition, the first known PHIP experiments were conducted with an aritifical Metalloenzyme in methanol and water and were positive.
Low-Loss Mode Coupler for Mode-Multiplexed transmission in Few-Mode Fiber (2012)

We present a novel low-loss 3-spot mode coupler to selectively address 6 spatial and polarization modes of a few-mode fiber. The coupler is used in a 6×6 MIMO-transmission experiment over a 154-km hybrid span consisting of 129-km depressed-cladding and 25-km graded-index few-mode fiber.
Synthesis and characterization of multiply substituted lacunar macrobicyclic complexes of nickel(II), a representative crystal structure, and preparation of corresponding free ligands (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of multiply substituted lacunar macrobicyclic complexes of nickel(II), a representative crystal structure, and preparation of corresponding free ligandsBohdan Korybut-Daszkiewicz, Massaki Kojima, James H. Cameron, Norman Herron, Madhav Y. Chavan, Alan J. Jircitano, Bradley K. Coltrain, Daryle H. Busch, Gary L. Neer, and Nathaniel W. AlcockCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 7, 903–914Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00175a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00175a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Table S2 from Castration Resistance in Prostate Cancer Is Mediated by the Kinase NEK6 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;AR staining of transgene-mediated androgen-independent LHSR-AR xenografts.&lt;/p&gt;
New Sulfur-Containing Polyarsenicals from the New Caledonian sponge Echinochalina bargibanti (2018)

Isolated from a New Caledonian collection of the poecilosclerid sponge Echinochalina bargibanti, arsenicin A (C3H6As4O3) was described as the first natural organic polyarsenic compound. Continuing on bioassay guided fractionation of the organic extracts of this sponge, we describe here the isolation and structural elucidation of the first sulfur-containing organic polyarsenicals ever found in nature. The novel metabolites, called arsenicin B and arsenicin C, are built on a noradamantane type framework and they further distinguish from the adamantane type framework of arsenicin A by a different heteroatom composition and by the presence of an unusual As-As bonding. Extensive 1D and 2D-NMR measurements, in combination with tandem APCI mass spectra, allowed to establish the structure of arsenicin B (C3H6As4S2) as 2. The scarcity of arsenicin C and and its intrinsic chemical instability, only allowed to collect partial spectral data which prevented the full structural definition. After extensive computational testing of several putative structures, structure 3 for arsenicin C (C3H6As4OS) was inferred by comparing experimental with DFT-calculated 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Finally, the absolute configuration of 2 and 3 were determined with a combined use of experimental and TD-DFT calculated ECD spectra and observed specific rotations. These findings pose great challenges for both the biosynthesis of these metabolites and the cycle of Arsenic in nature. Arsenicin B and arsenicin C showed strong antifungal and antibacterial activities, especially against S. aureus comparable to the antibiotic gentamycin.
Digital navigation of energy–structure–function maps for hydrogen-bonded porous molecular crystals (2021)

Energy-structure-function (ESF) maps can aid the targeted discovery of porous molecular crystals by predicting the stable crystalline arrangements along with their functions of interest. Here, we compute ESF maps for a series of rigid molecules that comprise either a triptycene or a spiro-biphenyl core, functionalized with six different hydrogen-bonding moieties. We show that the positioning of the hydrogen-bonding sites, as well as their number, has a profound influence on the shape of the resulting ESF maps, revealing promising structure-function spaces for future experiments. We also demonstrate a simple and general approach to representing and inspecting the high-dimensional data of an ESF map, enabling an efficient navigation of the ESF data to identify 'landmark' structures that are energetically favourable or functionally interesting. This is a step toward the automated analysis of ESF maps, an important goal for closed-loop, autonomous searches for molecular crystals with useful functions.
Angiotensin (Ang) II AT‐2‐receptor‐induced nitric oxide (NO) release sustains blood perfusion and oxygen availability in the post‐clip kidney of two‐kidney, one clip hypertensive (2K1C) rats (2007)

We have shown previously that acute ACE inhibition (ACEI) causes a paradoxical renal vasoconstriction and hypoxia selectively in the post‐clip kidney of 2K1C rats. Therefore, we studied the role of NO and Ang II AT‐2 receptors in mediating these changes to ACEI. Three weeks after left renal artery clipping, cortical blood flow (CBF; laser Doppler) and oxygen tension (pO 2 ; Clark‐type microelectrodes) were measured after acute iv doses of ACEI (enalaprilat; n=8), L‐NAME (with control of renal perfusion pressure) followed by ACEI (n=7) or AT‐2 receptor blockade ( PD123319 ) followed by ACEI (n=7). Post‐clip vs non‐clip kidneys had lower baseline pO 2 (34±1 vs 51±1 mmHg). ACEI selectively lowered CBF (−44±11%) and pO 2 (−9±2 mmHg) in the post‐clip kidney. L‐NAME lowered CBF and pO 2 in the post‐clip kidney (−58±7% and −14±2 mmHg) and prevented changes in these parameters with ACEI. AT‐2 receptor blockade did not alter blood pressure but decreased CBF and pO 2 in the post‐clip kidney (−33±6% and −12±3 mmHg) and prevented changes in these parameters with ACEI. In conclusion, Ang II‐induced NO release via AT‐2 receptor activation maintains CBF and oxygen availability in the post‐clip kidney in the 2K1C renovascular hypertensive rat model. This finding provides a novel mechanism for Ang II to counteract hypoxia in a kidney challenged with a functional renal artery restriction.