gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The biochemistry underpinning industrial seed technology and mechanical processing of sugar beet (2019)

Seed-processing technologies such as polishing and washing enhance crop seed quality by limited removal of the outer layers and by leaching. Combined, this removes chemical compounds that inhibit germination. Industrial processing to deliver high-quality commercial seed includes removing chemical inhibitors of germination, and is essential to produce fresh sprouts, achieve vigorous crop establishment, and high yield potential in the field. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris var. altissima Doell.), the main sugar source of the temperate agricultural zone, routinely undergoes several processing steps during seed production to improve germination performance and seedling growth. Germination assays and seedling phenotyping was carried out on unprocessed, and processed (polished and washed) sugar beet fruits. Pericarp-derived solutes, known to inhibit germination, were tested in germination assays and their osmolality and conductivity assessed (ions). Abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA metabolites were quantified in both the true seed and pericarp tissue using UPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS. Physical changes in the pericarp structures were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found that polishing and washing of the sugar beet fruits both had a positive effect on germination performance and seedling phenotype, and when combined, this positive effect was stronger. The mechanical action of polishing removed the outer pericarp (fruit coat) tissue (parenchyma), leaving the inner tissue (sclerenchyma) unaltered, as revealed by SEM. Polishing as well as washing removed germination inhibitors from the pericarp, specifically, ABA, ABA metabolites, and ions. Understanding the biochemistry underpinning the effectiveness of these processing treatments is key to driving further innovations in commercial seed quality.
2,7-Dibromo-9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-9H-fluorene (2007)

In the solid state, the title compound, C25H16Br2O2, shows significant deviations of the fluorene ring system from planarity. A layered hydrogen-bonded structure is formed that may serve as a model for the solid-state structure of phenol-function­alized polyfluorene.
Abstract P389: Lowered Blood Pressure With Hypertension Management Model in a West African Population: Increased Efficiency and Implications for Improved Outcomes (2018)

Objective: A novel locally appropriate hypertension management model of care was developed and tested in the Republic of Ghana to address specific socioeconomic and community-related barriers to blood pressure (BP) control. Design and Methods: Patients with a history of hypertension were enrolled and each agreed to visit a participating nearby community pharmacy at least once per week for 6 months for a BP check, symptom review, and medication monitoring. Weekly pharmacy visit data were manually logged into a mobile application by the pharmacy staff. Guideline based logic in the application provided immediate feedback to the patient and transmitted data to the primary physician. Electronic prescriptions, from the primary physician, were accessible to participating pharmacies. Clinic blood pressure from the prior 6 months was also retrieved from patient records. Results: Compliance with weekly BP assessments in the 150 enrolled patients (57± 8 years; 73% Female) was 61% and 2705 total pharmacy BP assessments were conducted. Improvement in overall health awareness was reported in 82% of the patients and 95% indicated a desire to continue using the model of care in the future. During the 6-month voluntary program period, the number of scheduled office visits decreased by 60% compared to standard monthly visits. Despite fewer in clinic visits, average systolic BP decreased significantly from the 6-month pre-trial period baseline (137.4±14.0 to 129.8± 16.3 mmHg, p&lt;0.01). The proportion of patients with blood pressure below target (140 mmHg) for least 75% of all readings increased from 41% in the 6 months prior to enrollment to 62% during the study follow up period (p&lt;0.01). This improvement was associated with potential cardiovascular risk reduction of 5-21% based on previous randomized trials. The proportion of patients with &gt; 75% controlled BP also improved in the subset of patients with BP below target at enrollment from 52% to 76% (p&lt;0.01), implying potential risk benefits even in “well controlled” patients. Conclusions: The care model applied in this hypertensive West African resulted in fewer clinic visits and high patient and clinician satisfaction as well decreased systolic blood pressure and increased proportion of time with controlled blood pressure.
Evaluation of bone perfusion during open orthopedic surgery using quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced fluorescence imaging (2020)

In this study, an indocyanine green (ICG)-based dynamic contrast- enhanced fluorescence imaging (DCE-FI) technique was evaluated as a method to provide objective real-time data on bone perfusion using a porcine osteotomy model. DCE-FI with sequentially increasing injury to osseous blood supply was performed in 12 porcine tibias. There were measurable, reproducible and predictable changes to DCE-FI data across each condition have been observed on simple kinetic curve-derived variables as well variables derived from a novel bone-specific kinetic model. The best accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 89%, 88% and 90%, have been achieved to effectively differentiate injured from normal/healthy bone.
Characterization of a novel cell-surface protein expressed on human sperm (2009)

hGC-G is a novel surface protein on human sperm and potentially mediates sperm-oocyte interaction through its RGD-containing motif.
Decoupling Between Multiple Planar Inverted-F Antennas Without Adjusting Antenna Configuration (2022)

In this study, a simple decoupling method using parasitic elements (PEs) connected by a bridge line (BL) for multiple planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) is proposed. The PEs and BL only need to be loaded in close proximity onto the PIFAs. Thus, redesigning the original antenna elements is not necessary. This feature is useful when design conditions make it difficult to redesign the original antenna, for example, to redesign small modular antennas. For the case of two PIFAs, using PEs and BL reduces the mutual coupling from -6.6 to -16.7 dB, and simultaneously maintains the resonance at the desired frequency (2.0 GHz), resulting in an improved total antenna efficiency from 77.4% to 96.0%. In the case of four PIFAs, the proposed method still showed its efficiency in decoupling, but some deteriorated efficiencies are also observed compared with the case of two PIFAs. These deteriorations will be improved in the future.
Creening of combinatorial peptide libraries: Identification of ligands for affinity purification of proteins using a radiological approach (1998)

Peptides deduced from peptide libraries may serve as affinity ligands for protein purification. Identification of a ligand that binds the protein of interest depends highly on the screening method used. One approach which offers simple and direct detection involves screening a solid-phase peptide library against a radiolabeled target protein. We have developed a radiological screening method, using 14C as a radioactive label, that offers high resolution and sensitivity. Less than 100 DPM/bead are detectable after a one-day exposure using autoradiography. The validity of the technique was illustrated by screening a solid-phase hexameric-peptide library spiked with YNFEVL-beads against 14C-labeled ribonuclease S-protein. For this particular system, the amount of protein bound to a single bead was estimated to be in the femtomolar range with a peptide:protein ratio of 500:1. Finally, a portion of the library was screened against 14C-labeled fibrinogen. Three peptides deduced from the library, WQEHYN, WQETYQ, and YENYGY, purified fibrinogen from a mixture with albumin.
Blending approaches to enhance structural order in block-copolymer's self-assemblies (2015)

Various blends approaches based on PS-<i>b</i>-PMMA block-copolymers (BCP) systems are studied. The impacts of the different components in the blends on various basic characteristics of interest for lithographic applications are highlighted. More specifically, we show how such approaches can be managed to get a tight control over the different dimensions of the self-assembly, and reach lower defects levels than a single pure BCP. These methods could greatly help the BCP self-assembly technology to be introduced as an actual lithographic technic to further reduce achievable dimensions.
Reverse Engineering Nature to Design Biomimetic Total Knee Implants (2015)

While contemporary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) provides tremendous clinical benefits, the normal feel and function of the knee is not fully restored. To address this, a novel design process was developed to reverse engineer "biomimetic" articular surfaces that are compatible with normal soft-tissue envelope and kinematics of the knee. The biomimetic articular surface is created by moving the TKA femoral component along in vivo kinematics of normal knees and carving out the tibial articular surface from a rectangular tibial block. Here, we describe the biomimetic design process. In addition, we utilize geometric comparisons and kinematic simulations to show that; (1) tibial articular surfaces of conventional implants are fundamentally incompatible with normal knee motion, and (2) the anatomic geometry of the biomimetic surface contributes directly to restoration of normal knee kinematics. Such biomimetic implants may enable us to achieve the long sought after goal of a "normal" knee post-TKA surgery.
Baseline study for higher moments of net-charge distributions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (2013)

Lattice QCD models predict the presence of a critical point in the QCD phase diagram where the first-order phase transition from a system of quark-gluon plasma to hadron gas ceases to exist. Higher moments of conserved quantities, such as net-charge, net-baryon number, and net-strangeness, are proposed to be sensitive probes for locating the critical point. The moments of net-charge distributions have been studied as a function of centrality for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=7.7$ to 200 GeV using three event generators, viz., UrQMD, HIJING, and THERMINATOR-2. The effect of centrality selection, resonance production, as well as contributions from particle species to the net-charge moments and their products have been studied. It is observed that mean of the net-charge distributions are dominated by net-protons, whereas standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis closely follow net-pion distributions. These results, along with the predictions from the hadron resonance gas model, are presented.
From thermoplastic elastomers to designed biomaterials (2005)

Abstract This highlight is about my metamorphosis from a cationic polymerization chemist to a biomaterialist (no pun intended) and some of the main events on the road. My earlier career faded away with the discovery of living cationic polymerizations, chronicled in my 1999 highlight, but it also put me on the road to designed biomaterials. My new career started with, and still focuses on, the creation of new polymeric architectures, mainly by cationic techniques, for toughened bone cements, injectable intervertebral discs, nonclogging artificial blood vessels, and amphiphilic networks for controlled drug delivery and immunoisolatory membranes. The enormous complexities of immunoisolation of pancreatic islets are now center stage, and lately we have been using all kinds of techniques to make unique membranes to correct type 1 diabetes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2951–2963, 2005
New insights into the palladium‐catalysed synthesis of δ‐lactones from 1,3‐dienes and carbon dioxide (1995)

Abstract Two‐coordinate Pd(0) complexes are shown to be important intermediates in the telomerization of 1,3‐dienes and CO 2 using palladium/phosphine catalysts without additives. Only one phosphorus atom is bound to palladium during the C–C bond forming steps, but the second phosphorus atom is crucial in the early stages of the catalytic cycle and for the elimination of the product. A ligand that gave an active palladium catalyst for the coupling of 1,3‐butadiene and CO 2 has been designed. Use of a palladium catalyst in the reaction of isoprene with CO 2 allowed for the first time isolation and NMR spectroscopic characterization of the resulting mixture of lactones.
Growth of InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes by MOCVD with a thin tapered reactor cell (2010)

Abstract InGaN/GaN‐based light emitting diodes (LEDs) can be grown by using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) to make eight, 3‐inch diameter wafers with a thin, tapered reactor cell at atmospheric pressure. The reactor configuration was optimized for the purpose of improving the GaN growth rate and its in‐plane distribution. The growth rate and the layer uniformity of GaN were improved when the reactor cell was narrowed down and tapered. The on‐wafer deviation of the electroluminescence (EL) peak wavelength and power were 5 nm and within 4%, respectively, except at the edge. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of EL spectrum for an LED grown at atmospheric pressure was consistently smaller than that of one grown at reduced pressure over the entire wavelength range.
High-Efficacy Hierarchical Dy2O3/TiO2 Nanoflower toward Wastewater Reclamation: A Combined Photoelectrochemical and Photocatalytic Strategy (2022)

Developing a sustainable photocatalyst is crucial to mitigate the foreseeable energy shortage and environmental pollution caused by the rapid advancement of global industry. We developed Dy<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoflower (TNF) with a hierarchical nanoflower structure and a near-ideal anatase crystallite morphology to degrade aqueous rhodamine B solution under simulated solar light irradiation. The prepared photocatalyst was well-characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Further analysis was performed to highlight the photoelectrochemical activity of the prepared photocatalysts such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, photocurrent response, and a Mott-Schottky study. The crystalline Dy<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/TNF exhibits superb photocatalytic activity attributed to the improved charge transfer, reduced recombination rate of the electron-hole pairs, and a remarkable red-shift in light absorption.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Fluoropyridinium Triflate and Its Derivatives: Useful Fluorinating Agents. (1987)

Abstract The N‐fluoro pyridinium salts (I) prove to be versatile fluorinating agents: silylenol ethers, such as (II) are converted to the corresponding α‐fluoro ketones.
5 Parallel Prism: A topology for pipelined implementations of convolutional neural networks using computational memory (2019)

In-memory computing is an emerging computing paradigm that could enable deeplearning inference at significantly higher energy efficiency and reduced latency. The essential idea is to map the synaptic weights corresponding to each layer to one or more computational memory (CM) cores. During inference, these cores perform the associated matrix-vector multiply operations in place with O(1) time complexity, thus obviating the need to move the synaptic weights to an additional processing unit. Moreover, this architecture could enable the execution of these networks in a highly pipelined fashion. However, a key challenge is to design an efficient communication fabric for the CM cores. Here, we present one such communication fabric based on a graph topology that is well suited for the widely successful convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We show that this communication fabric facilitates the pipelined execution of all state of-the-art CNNs by proving the existence of a homomorphism between one graph representation of these networks and the proposed graph topology. We then present a quantitative comparison with established communication topologies and show that our proposed topology achieves the lowest bandwidth requirements per communication channel. Finally, we present a concrete example of mapping ResNet-32 onto an array of CM cores.
Analysis of the Bond between Encephalomyocarditis Virus and Its Human Erythrocyte Receptor by Affinity Chromatography on Virus-sepharose Columns (1987)

Affinity chromatography was used to analyse the bond between encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus and glycophorin, the receptor for EMC virus on human erythrocytes. Between 60 and 80% of glycophorin added to virus-Sepharose columns was retained compared with 10 to 20% retention on glycine-Sepharose columns. Elution with 0.2 M-NaCl released about 80 to 90% of the retained glycophorin from virus-Sepharose columns but little from glycine-Sepharose. Glycophorin remaining on either the virus or glycine columns after 0.2 M-NaCl treatment was released with Triton X-100, suggesting that this material was aggregated and trapped non-specifically. The sensitivity of the EMC virus-glycophorin bond to 0.2 M-NaCl was confirmed by showing that the radiolabelled EMC virus that bound to human erythrocyte membranes in 0.02 M-phosphate buffer was released when washed with this buffer containing 0.2 M-NaCl. It was concluded that weak ionic interactions were involved in this virus-receptor bond. Treatment of glycophorin with neuraminidase prevented it binding to EMC virus-Sepharose indicating the requirement for sialic acid for receptor activity. However, other sialylated molecules did not bind. Only one chymotryptic peptide of glycophorin (CH0) bound to EMC virus-Sepharose, confirming that this peptide contains the virus-binding site as had been previously suggested using other techniques. The effects of two non-ionic detergents and two anionic detergents on the virus-glycophorin bond were examined. In each case a very low concentration of detergent disrupted the bond and the concentration required was in parallel with that which dissolved erythrocyte membranes. It appears that multivalent glycophorin aggregates are required for stable bond formation.
Composite membranes for separation of gases (2023)

Membranes, methods of making the membranes, and methods of using the membranes are described herein. The membranes can comprise a gas permeable support layer, an inorganic layer disposed on the support, the inorganic layer comprising a plurality of discreet nanoparticles having an average particle size of less than 1 micron, and a selective polymer layer disposed on the inorganic layer, the selective polymer layer comprising a selective polymer having a CO2:N2 selectivity of at least 10 at 57° C. In some embodiments, the membrane can be selectively permeable to an acidic gas. The membranes can be used, for example, to separate gaseous mixtures, such as flue gas.
Nanofabrication for Transistor Matrix Produced by Self-Aligned Imprint Lithography (2010)

This paper describes an approach of combining nanofabrication techniques with roll-to-roll fabrication of thin film transistor backplanes for flexible display applications.
The Presence of Alpha Interferon at the Time of Infection Alters the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (2012)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most devastating and costly diseases to the swine industry worldwide. Overall, the adaptive immune response to PRRS virus (PRRSV) is weak, which results in delayed elimination of virus from the host and inferior vaccine protection. PRRSV has been shown to induce a meager alpha interferon (IFN-α) response, and we hypothesized that elevated IFN-α levels early in infection would shorten the induction time and increase elements of the adaptive immune response. To test this, we measured both antibody and cell-mediated immunity in pigs after the administration of a nonreplicating human adenovirus type 5 vector expressing porcine IFN-α (Ad5-pIFN-α) at the time of PRRSV infection and compared the results to those for pigs infected with PRRSV alone. Viremia was delayed, and there was a decrease in viral load in the sera of pigs administered the Ad5-pIFN-α. Although seroconversion was slightly delayed in pigs receiving Ad5-pIFN-α, probably due to the early reduction in viral replication, little difference in the overall or neutralizing antibody response was seen. However, there was an increase in the number of virus-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells detected in the pigs receiving Ad5-pIFN-α, as well as an altered cytokine profile in the lung at 14 days postinfection, indicating that the presence of IFN-α at the time of infection can alter innate and adaptive immune responses to PRRSV.
A Design Methodology for Reconfigurable Reflectarrays with a Deformable Ground (2020)

This article presents a new reconfigurable reflectarray concept involving mechanical actuators that modify the shape of an RF conductive flexible ground plane. The distance between the ground plane and the cells is used to control their reflected phase. A dedicated design methodology is proposed to optimize the performance while minimizing the number of actuators. As a first illustration, a 1D panel providing three different shaped beams with only four actuators is studied. Full-wave simulations with HFSS are used for validation.
Repurposing infectious disease vaccines for intratumoral immunotherapy (2020)

Intratumoral delivery of viruses and virus-associated molecular patterns can achieve antitumor effects that are largely mediated by the elicitation or potentiation of immune responses against the malignancy. Attenuated vaccines are approved and marketed as good manufactiring practice (GMP)-manufactured agents whose administration might be able to induce such effects. Recent reports in mouse transplantable tumor models indicate that the rotavirus, influenza and yellow fever vaccines can be especially suitable to elicit powerful antitumor immunity against cancer following intratumoral administration. These results highlight that intratumoral anti-infectious vaccines can turn cold tumors into hot, and underscore the key role played by virus-induced type I interferon pathways to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint-targeted antibodies.
In vivo dose measurement using TLDs and MOSFET dosimeters for cardiac radiosurgery (2012)

In vivo measurements were made of the dose delivered to animal models in an effort to develop a method for treating cardiac arrhythmia using radiation. This treatment would replace RF energy (currently used to create cardiac scar) with ionizing radiation. In the current study, the pulmonary vein ostia of animal models were irradiated with 6 MV X-rays in order to produce a scar that would block aberrant signals characteristic of atrial fibrillation. The CyberKnife radiosurgery system was used to deliver planned treatments of 20-35 Gy in a single fraction to four animals. The Synchrony system was used to track respiratory motion of the heart, while the contractile motion of the heart was untracked. The dose was measured on the epicardial surface near the right pulmonary vein and on the esophagus using surgically implanted TLD dosimeters, or in the coronary sinus using a MOSFET dosimeter placed using a catheter. The doses measured on the epicardium with TLDs averaged 5% less than predicted for those locations, while doses measured in the coronary sinus with the MOSFET sensor nearest the target averaged 6% less than the predicted dose. The measurements on the esophagus averaged 25% less than predicted. These results provide an indication of the accuracy with which the treatment planning methods accounted for the motion of the target, with its respiratory and cardiac components. This is the first report on the accuracy of CyberKnife dose delivery to cardiac targets.