gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Dual-Mode Electrochromism of Anisotropic Monoclinic Nb 12 O 29 Colloidal Nanoplatelets (2020)

Transition metal oxide nanocrystals with dual-mode electrochromism hold promise for smart windows enabling spectrally selective solar modulation. We have developed the colloidal synthesis of anisotropic monoclinic Nb<sub>12</sub>O<sub>29</sub> nanoplatelets (NPLs) to investigate the dual-mode electrochromism of niobium oxide nanocrystals. The precursor for synthesizing NPLs was prepared by mixing NbCl<sub>5</sub> and oleic acid to form a complex that was subsequently heated to form an oxide-like structure capped by oleic acid, denoted as niobium oxo cluster. By initiating the synthesis using niobium oxo clusters, preferred growth of NPLs over other polymorphs was observed. The structure of the synthesized NPLs was examined by X-ray diffraction in conjunction with simulations, revealing that the NPLs are monolayer monoclinic Nb<sub>12</sub>O<sub>29</sub>, thin in the [100] direction and extended along the <i>b</i> and <i>c</i> directions. Besides having monolayer thickness, NPLs show decreased intensity of Raman signal from Nb-O bonds with higher bond order when compared to bulk monoclinic Nb<sub>12</sub>O<sub>29</sub>, as interpreted by calculations. Progressive electrochemical reduction of NPL films led to absorbance in the near-infrared region (stage 1) followed by absorbance in both the visible and near-infrared regions (stage 2), thus exhibiting dual-mode electrochromism. The mechanisms underlying these two processes were distinguished electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry to determine the extent to which ion intercalation limits the kinetics, and by verifying the presence of localized electrons following ion intercalation using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Both results support that the near-infrared absorption results from capacitive charging, and the onset of visible absorption in the second stage is caused by ion intercalation.
Development of a Claims-based Frailty Indicator Anchored to a Well-established Frailty Phenotype (2017)

Claims data alone can be used to classify individuals as frail and nonfrail. The Claims-based Frailty Indicator might be used in research with large datasets for confounding adjustment or risk prediction. The indicator might also be used for emergency preparedness for identification of regions enriched with frail individuals.
Parallel hardware algorithms with redundant number representations for multiple-valued arithmetic VLSI (2003)

High-speed arithmetic algorithms based on redundant number representations with the digit set (0,1,2) in radix 2 are presented. The algorithms are suitable for implementing high-speed compact arithmetic in VLSI with multivalued logic circuits. Addition and subtraction can be performed in a constant time independent of the operand length. Internal n-digit multiplication and division using the redundant number representations can be performed in a time proportional to log/sub 2/ n and n, respectively. The circuits offer higher speed and greater compactness compared with the signed-digit arithmetic, since the basic addition cell has simpler scheme. The addition cell also has sufficient immunity to the supply voltage fluctuation and relatively low power dissipation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Advances in speech transcription at IBM under the DARPA EARS program (2006)

This paper describes the technical and system building advances made in IBM's speech recognition technology over the course of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Effective Affordable Reusable Speech-to-Text (EARS) program. At a technical level, these advances include the development of a new form of feature-based minimum phone error training (fMPE), the use of large-scale discriminatively trained full-covariance Gaussian models, the use of septaphone acoustic context in static decoding graphs, and improvements in basic decoding algorithms. At a system building level, the advances include a system architecture based on cross-adaptation and the incorporation of 2100 h of training data in every system component. We present results on English conversational telephony test data from the 2003 and 2004 NIST evaluations. The combination of technical advances and an order of magnitude more training data in 2004 reduced the error rate on the 2003 test set by approximately 21% relative-from 20.4% to 16.1%-over the most accurate system in the 2003 evaluation and produced the most accurate results on the 2004 test sets in every speed category.
Performance analysis of TCP over visible light communication networks with ARQ‐SR protocol (2014)

ABSTRACT This paper theoretically studies the performance of transmission control protocol (TCP) over visible light communications (VLC) networks when the automatic‐repeat request, selective repeat (ARQ‐SR) protocol is employed in the link layer. We analytically derive TCP throughput considering the impact of ARQ‐SR parameters and different VLC physical factors, including inter‐symbol interference (ISI), signal reflection and light power distribution. Numerical results show that TCP throughput is strongly dependent on the location of VLC user due to impacts of ISI and signal reflection. It is also seen that the use of ARQ‐SR could significantly improve both the maximum value and the distribution of TCP throughput in the VLC network. Especially, with a proper selection of the number of re‐transmissions by the ARQ‐SR protocol, the dependence of TCP throughput on user location caused by ISI, light signal reflection and distribution could be effectively remedied. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Stretchable insulating material for IoT devices (2016)

This paper reports a newly developed UV-curable and film-shaped insulating material for IoT devices that require stretchability. The material features large stretch ability, high transparency, low moisture permeability and good embedding property. An availability of the material for the stretchable devices was demonstrated through prototyping a test model and its evaluation. The good result of stretching and bending test showed that the developed material has large potential for the stretchable circuits and devices application.
Abstract 3877: A new frontier for molecular profiling of neoplastic bone tissue (2016)

Abstract Background: Tissue is alive and reacting to ex vivo stress during “cold ischemia time”. Tumor cells react to the absence of vascular perfusion, hypoxia, acidosis, and accumulation of cellular waste, which can critically mask cancer related signaling network data. Standard formalin fixation of calcified tissue requires decalcification with formic/nitric acid solution, which greatly interferes with downstream molecular analysis. We developed a non-formalin fixative (TheraLin) for preserving biomarker molecules and tissue histomorphology in one step, which greatly facilitates the analysis of phosphoprotein signaling pathways in calcified tumor samples. Methods: Fifty specimens of neoplastic bone were collected at the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (Bologna, Italy). Matched 0.5 cm samples were fixed in TheraLin preservative; or fixed in 4% buffered formalin and decalcified with formic/nitric acid solution. Specimens were processed into paraffin blocks and 5 μm tissue sections cut onto glass slides. Enriched tumor cell populations were procured using Laser Capture Microdissection. Reverse Phase Protein Microarrays were constructed with the microdissected tumor cells and probed with &amp;gt;40 antibodies to unmodified or phosphorylated proteins. Immunohistochemistry (&amp;gt;200 stains in total) was performed on routine clinical protein targets and a subset of phosphorylated proteins. Results: TheraLin fixation greatly facilitated molecular profiling of bony tissues by eliminating the need for decalcification (18.5 hour average reduction in processing time) while maintaining or improving histomorphology (&amp;gt;85% of cases) and immunohistology (&amp;gt;75% of cases). In addition, we were able to demonstrate full compatibility with laser capture microdissection, reverse phase protein microarrays and downstream analysis of cell signal protein activation. Protein extractability from microdissected material was significantly increased (&amp;gt;2.5 fold, p&amp;lt;0.01) compared to formalin fixed, decalcified bone tissue. Conclusion: TheraLin obviates the need for decalcification of bone tissue while simultaneously preserving histomophology and immunohistochemistry. TheraLin enables reliable quantification of phosphorylated signal transduction proteins, the substrates of kinase drug targets, and greatly facilitates tumor cell enrichment compared to standard formalin fixation and decalcification. Citation Format: Claudius Mueller, Lance A. Liotta, Antonella Chiechi, Piero Picci, Marco Alberghini, Lorenzo Memeo, Vincenzo Canzonieri, Virginia Espina. A new frontier for molecular profiling of neoplastic bone tissue. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3877.
Whey protein concentrate hydrogels as bioactive carriers (2005)

Abstract Two sets of heat‐induced hydrogels were prepared from whey protein concentrate (WPC), one set at a constant concentration [15% (w/v)] and varying pHs (pH 5.1–10.0) and the other set at a constant pH (10.0) and varying concentrations (12%, 15%, and 18%). At a given pH, the higher the protein concentration, the shorter was the gelation time and the larger were the equilibrium storage modulus ( G ) and failure stress. For a given protein concentration, the gelation kinetics and mechanical properties of WPC hydrogels were strongly pH dependent. The swelling behavior of WPC gels was studied at 37.5°C ± 0.5°C. The equilibrium swelling ratio ( SR ) was at the minimum when pH of the swelling medium was close to the isoelectric point ( pI) of the whey protein, and when the swelling medium pH was far from the pI (from 6.0 to 10.0), the SR increased. In particular, when the pH was higher than the pI, the swelling was highly pH sensitive. The higher the WPC concentration used in preparing the hydrogel, the lower was the SR . The controlled drug release properties of the WPC hydrogels were studied using caffeine as the model drug. Consistent with the swelling behavior of the gels, release was slower when the pH of the medium was lower (pH 1.8) than when it was higher (pH 7.5). The SR and the drug release rate decreased significantly when the gels were surface‐coated with alginate. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Selective USP7 inhibition elicits cancer cell killing through a p53-dependent mechanism (2020)

Ubiquitin specific peptidase 7 (USP7) is a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) that removes ubiquitin tags from specific protein substrates in order to alter their degradation rate and sub-cellular localization. USP7 has been proposed as a therapeutic target in several cancers because it has many reported substrates with a role in cancer progression, including FOXO4, MDM2, N-Myc, and PTEN. The multi-substrate nature of USP7, combined with the modest potency and selectivity of early generation USP7 inhibitors, has presented a challenge in defining predictors of response to USP7 and potential patient populations that would benefit most from USP7-targeted drugs. Here, we describe the structure-guided development of XL177A, which irreversibly inhibits USP7 with sub-nM potency and selectivity across the human proteome. Evaluation of the cellular effects of XL177A reveals that selective USP7 inhibition suppresses cancer cell growth predominantly through a p53-dependent mechanism: XL177A specifically upregulates p53 transcriptional targets transcriptome-wide, hotspot mutations in TP53 but not any other genes predict response to XL177A across a panel of ~500 cancer cell lines, and TP53 knockout rescues XL177A-mediated growth suppression of TP53 wild-type (WT) cells. Together, these findings suggest TP53 mutational status as a biomarker for response to USP7 inhibition. We find that Ewing sarcoma and malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), two pediatric cancers that are sensitive to other p53-dependent cytotoxic drugs, also display increased sensitivity to XL177A.
Nucleotide sequence of thePpc2gene encoding a housekeeping isoform of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase fromMesembryanthemum crystallinum (1989)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of the Ppc2 gene encoding a housekeeping isoform of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Get access John C. Cushman, John C. Cushman Deparunent of Biochemistry, BioSciences West, The University of ArizonaTucson, AZ 85721, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hans J. Bohnert Hans J. Bohnert Deparunent of Biochemistry, BioSciences West, The University of ArizonaTucson, AZ 85721, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 16, 25 August 1989, Pages 6743–6744, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.16.6743 Published: 25 August 1989 Article history Received: 21 June 1989 Published: 25 August 1989
Episodic Curiosity through Reachability (2018)

Rewards are sparse in the real world and most of today's reinforcement learning algorithms struggle with such sparsity. One solution to this problem is to allow the agent to create rewards for itself - thus making rewards dense and more suitable for learning. In particular, inspired by curious behaviour in animals, observing something novel could be rewarded with a bonus. Such bonus is summed up with the real task reward - making it possible for RL algorithms to learn from the combined reward. We propose a new curiosity method which uses episodic memory to form the novelty bonus. To determine the bonus, the current observation is compared with the observations in memory. Crucially, the comparison is done based on how many environment steps it takes to reach the current observation from those in memory - which incorporates rich information about environment dynamics. This allows us to overcome the known "couch-potato" issues of prior work - when the agent finds a way to instantly gratify itself by exploiting actions which lead to hardly predictable consequences. We test our approach in visually rich 3D environments in ViZDoom, DMLab and MuJoCo. In navigational tasks from ViZDoom and DMLab, our agent outperforms the state-of-the-art curiosity method ICM. In MuJoCo, an ant equipped with our curiosity module learns locomotion out of the first-person-view curiosity only.
Immunologically Inert Nanostructures as Selective Therapeutic Tools in Inflammatory Diseases (2021)

The current therapies based on immunosuppressant or new biologic drugs often show some limitations in term of efficacy and applicability, mainly because of their inadequate targeting and of unwanted adverse reactions they generate. To overcome these inherent problems, in the last decades, innovative nanocarriers have been developed to encapsulate active molecules and offer novel promising strategies to efficiently modulate the immune system. This review provides an overview of how it is possible, exploiting the favorable features of nanocarriers, especially with regard to their immunogenicity, to improve the bioavailability of novel drugs that selectively target immune cells in the context of autoimmune disorders and inflammatory diseases. A focus is made on nanoparticles that selectively target neutrophils in inflammatory pathologies.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 1,3,4,14B‐TETRAHYDRO‐2H,10H‐PYRAZINO(1,2‐A)PYRROLO(2,1‐C)(1,4)BENZODIAZEPINES (1984)

Abstract Aus l‐Nitro‐benzylchlorid (Ia) wird über (Ib) oder (Ic) das Z‐Nitrobenzylamin (Id) hergestellt und mit (II) zum Pyrrol (III) umgesetzt; Dieses liefert die Substitutionsprodukte (IV).
Capitate fractures: a long-term follow-up. (1982)

Capitate fractures are serious carpal injuries that sould be treated as aggressively as scaphoid fractures, with anatomic reduction obtained by open techniques if necessary and by immobilization until the fracture has united. Thus treated, even a capitate proximal pole, free of soft tissue attachments will heal. Anatomic reduction is required for restoration of carpal kinematics. Even with optimal treatment, some posttraumatic carpal arthrosis may be found with long-term follow-up investigations.
Effect of resveratrol and zinc on intracellular zinc status in normal human prostate epithelial cells (2009)

To evaluate the influence of resveratrol on cellular zinc status, normal human prostate epithelial (NHPrE) cells were treated with resveratrol (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 microM) and zinc [0, 4, 16, and 32 microM, representing zinc-deficient (ZD), zinc-normal (ZN), zinc-adequate (ZA), and zinc-supplemented (ZS) conditions, respectively]. A progressive reduction in cell growth was observed in cells treated with increasing amounts of resveratrol (2.5-10 microM). Resveratrol at 5 and 10 microM resulted in a dramatic increase in cellular total zinc concentration, especially in ZS cells. Flow cytometry indicated that 10 microM resveratrol induced arrest of the cell cycle at the G(2)/M phase in association with the observed cell growth inhibition. Data from an in vitro experiment using zinquin as an indicator of intracellular free Zn(II) status demonstrated complex interactions between resveratrol and Zn(II). Fluorescence spectrofluorometry and fluorescence microscopic analyses revealed that intracellular free labile zinc was progressively elevated from nearly twofold in ZS cells with no resveratrol to multifold in ZA and ZS cells with 10 microM resveratrol compared with the corresponding ZN cells. Furthermore, increases in cellular zinc status were associated with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and senescence, as evidenced by morphological and histochemical changes in cells treated with 2.5 or 10 microM resveratrol, especially in ZA and ZS cells. Taken together, the interaction between resveratrol and zinc in NHPrE cells increases total cellular zinc and intracellular free labile zinc status and, subsequently, reactive oxygen species production and senescence.
Two-State Models for Propylene Polymerization Using Metallocene Catalysts. 2. Application to ansa-Metallocene Catalyst Systems (2001)

A kinetic model to describe the propylene polymerization behavior of ansa-metallocene catalysts was derived. The model can predict n-ad stereosequence distributions, polymer crystallinity, and related properties as well as distinguish between extremes in kinetic behavior expected for such catalysts. In particular, where polymer microstructure is sensitive to changes in [C3H6], the model can provide reliable estimates of kinetic parameters of interest, including ratios between rates of some of the significant reaction steps involved in polymer microstructure formation. The model is applied to a description of the polymerization behavior of some simple symmetrical [Me2C(Cp)(Flu)MCl2; M = Zr, Hf] and unsymmetrical [Me2Y(Cp)(Ind)MCl2; M = Zr, Hf; Y = C, Si] ansa-metallocene catalysts, activated with methyl aluminoxane. With the former two catalysts, the Zr catalyst operates very close to the kinetic quenching limit where chain inversion (or chain back-skip) is slow compared to monomer insertion, while for the Hf analogue, these two processes have more comparable rates. In the more complicated, unsymmetrical systems, both Zr- and Hf-based systems (Y = Si) operate under conditions where inversion is much faster that propagation, whereas for the Hf catalyst (Y = C), intermediate behavior is observed, and the corresponding Zr complex (Y = C) produces poly(propylene) where propagation is faster than inversion.
Attosecond real-time observation of electron tunnelling and multi-electron dynamics in atoms (2007)

This report presents the first real-time observation of electron tunnelling and multi-electron dynamics in atoms exposed to intense light. The observed sub-femtosecond ionization steps provide a powerful means of probing the transient population of short-lived valence electronic states in excited atoms offering direct, time-domain access to a wide range of multi-electron dynamics unfolding on an attosecond to femtosecond time scale. The results of pump-probe measurements are in good agreement with the predictions of the theory Keldysh put forward four decades ago.
Inframolecular acid–base and coordination properties towards Na+and Mg2+of myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate: a structural approach to biologically relevant species (2012)

The myo-inositol phosphates (InsPs) are specific signalling metabolites ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells. Although Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5) is the second most abundant member of the InsPs family, its certain biological roles are far from being elucidated, in part due to the large number of species formed by Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5) in the presence of metal ions. In light of this, we have strived in the past to make a complete and at the same time "biological-user-friendly" description of the Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5) chemistry with mono and multivalent cations. In this work we expand these studies focusing on the inframolecular aspects of its protonation equilibria and the microscopic details of its coordination behaviour towards biologically relevant metal ions. We present here a systematic study of the Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5) intrinsic acid-base processes, in a non-interacting medium, and over a wide pH range, analyzing the (31)P NMR curves by means of a model based on the Cluster Expansion Method. In addition, we have used a computational approach to analyse the energetic and structural features of the protonation and conformational changes of Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P(5), and how they are influenced by the presence of two physiologically relevant cations, Na(+) and Mg(2+).
DEFLECTION ELEMENT FOR S-LSR (2004)

A dispersion-free storage ring can be realized by inserting electrostatic deflectors in the bending regions. This scheme is going to be applied to the compact ion cooler ring “S-LSR” at Kyoto University. An optimum design of electrostatic deflectors for the dispersion compensation has been done on the basis of detailed 2D and 3D field calculations, and its fabrication is now in progress. Beam dynamics in the dispersion-free lattice has also been studied theoretically.
Risk of Depressive Disorders Following Myasthenia Gravis: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study (2019)

The chronic autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis (MG) is characterized by fluctuating muscle weakness, which can lead to a large amount of stress in the patient. The current investigation plans to assess the risk of depressive disorders in MG patients. A retrospective cohort study of patients ageing 20 years and older and also newly diagnosed with MG between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2008, was conducted from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. Observations of all 349 MG patients and 1,396 control individuals were made until a diagnosis of a depressive disorder by a psychiatrist, until death, or until December 31, 2013. A range of comorbidities were found, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, with cerebrovascular disease being reported more frequently in MG patients in comparison with control subjects. After adjustment of patients' sex, age, urbanization, comorbidities, and monthly income, results indicated that MG individuals are 1.94 times more at risk (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-3.27, <i>P</i> = 0.014) of developing depressive disorders than are controls. This showed an increased risk in the development of depressive disorders in people with MG. Thus, depressive symptoms in MG patients should be regularly assessed.