gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IpgB1 Is a Novel Shigella Effector Protein Involved in Bacterial Invasion of Host Cells (2005)

Shigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, is capable of inducing the large scale membrane ruffling required for the bacterial invasion of host cells. Shigella secrete a subset of effectors via the type III secretion system (TTSS) into the host cells to induce membrane ruffling. Here, we show that IpgB1 is secreted via the TTSS into epithelial cells and plays a major role in producing membrane ruffles via stimulation of Rac1 and Cdc42 activities, thus promoting bacterial invasion of epithelial cells. The invasiveness of the ipgB1 mutant was decreased to less than 50% of the wild-type level (100%) in a gentamicin protection or plaque forming assay. HeLa cells infected with the wild-type or a IpgB1-hyperproducing strain developed membrane ruffles, with the invasiveness and the scale of membrane ruffles being comparable with the level of IpgB1 production in bacteria. Upon expression of EGFP-IpgB1 in HeLa cells, large membrane ruffles are extended, where the EGFP-IpgB1 was predominantly associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. The IpgB1-mediated formation of ruffles was significantly diminished by expressing Rac1 small interfering RNA and Cdc42 small interfering RNA or by treatment with GGTI-298, an inhibitor of the geranylgeranylation of Rho GTPases. When IpgB1 was expressed in host cells or wild-type Shigella-infected host cells, Rac1 and Cdc42 were activated. The results thus indicate that IpgB1 is a novel Shigella effector involved in bacterial invasion of epithelial cells via the activation of Rho GTPases.
Impact of switching technologies on resilience mechanisms in transparent and translucent networks (2010)

Transparent optical cross connects based on Wavelength Selective Switches using the broadcast-and-select principle are very cost efficient for switching trunk traffic. In this paper, we study the impact of the directionality of this architecture on restoration.
Characterization of Dirt Holding Capacity of Microfiber-Based Filter Media Using Thermal Impedance Spectroscopy (2020)

With the development of new classes of high-speed vessels like LCAC, which are expected to ingest high amounts of salt particulates, it is of vital importance to develop a new class of filtration media which can meet this requirement. A microfibrous filter media embedded with nanofibers was thus developed using a nanofiber flocked suspension with a microfibrous support created using traditional wet-lay papermaking methods. While the pressure drop is normally used as the conventional parameter to predict service-life of the filter media, it does not give a proper indication of filter service life. Therefore, a novel thermal impedance technique was applied in this work to characterize the filtration media using thermal parameters via a heat pulse excitation signal. The transient response for the phase lag of temperature was observed because heat transfer occurs during the air flow across the filtration media. The related thermal parameters were obtained through a thermal equivalent circuit model and a nonlinear least-squares fitting algorithm. The thermal impedance method can be used as a filter media diagnostic tool to obtain useful parameters which can be utilized to regenerate filter media and assist to define the operational lifetime of the filter. This can help protect the power systems and reduce the maintenance, operation, and replacement costs. The improved air quality that can be obtained using this advanced filtration technology will enable enhanced protection of engine turbines and other onboard air-breathing systems.
Abstract 4206: A dual-motif CAIX inhibitor, [64Cu]XYIMSR-06, for PET imaging of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2016)

Abstract Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a cell surface enzyme that is over-expressed in approximately 95% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs), the most common renal cancer. CAIX is also a surrogate marker of hypoxic tumors for various human cancers; however, a clinically viable molecular imaging agent targeting CAIX is not available. We have synthesized and performed in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a dual-motif, low-molecular-weight inhibitor of CAIX, [64Cu] XYIMSR-06, for imaging CAIX expression on ccRCC tumors using positron emission tomography (PET). [64Cu] XYIMSR-06 was synthesized in two steps from reported dual-motif precursor 1. Upon radiolabeling, [64Cu] XYIMSR-06 was evaluated in immunocompromised mice bearing CAIX-expressing SK-RC-52 tumors for in vivo PET imaging and biodistribution. [64Cu] XYIMSR-06 was generated in radiochemical yields of 51.0 ± 4.5% (n = 5) and specific radioactivity of 6.0 GBq/μmol (170Ci/mmol ± 70, n = 5). Tumor could be visualized on PET images by 1 h post-injection with high tumor-to-background levels achieved within 24 h. Biodistribution studies of [64Cu] XYIMSR-06 demonstrated a maximum tumor uptake of 19.3 ± 4.51% injected dose per gram of radioactivity at 4 h. Tumor-to- blood, muscle and kidney ratios were 129.6 ± 18.8, 84.3 ± 21.0 and 2.1 ± 0.26, respectively, at 8 h post-injection. At 24 h, a tumor-to-kidney ratio of 7.1±2.5 was achieved. These findings represent increased tumor-to-background ratios at the indicated times relative to previously reported CAIX-targeted imaging agents. [64Cu] XYIMSR-06 is a promising candidate for PET imaging of CAIX expressing tumors, especially ccRCC. Citation Format: IL MINN, Soo Min Koo, Hye Soo Lee, Mary Brummet, Steven P. Rowe, Michael A. Gorin, Polina Sysa-Shah, William D. Lewis, Hye-Hyun Ahn, Yuchuan Wang, Sangeeta Ray, Ronnie C. Mease, Sridhar Nimmagadda, Mohamad E. Allaf, Martin G. Pomper, Xing Yang. A dual-motif CAIX inhibitor, [64Cu]XYIMSR-06, for PET imaging of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4206.
Impact of Joule heating on the stability phase diagrams of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (2018)

Measured switching voltage-field diagrams of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions exhibit unexpected behavior at high voltages associated with significant heating of the storage layer. The boundaries deviate from the critical lines corresponding to the coercive field, which contrasts with the theoretically predicted behavior of a standard macrospin-based model. Combining recent experimental studies of the temperature dependence of spin polarization and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, we are proposing a modified model. Our approach takes into account the Joule heating during the writing pulse, which reduces the spin polarization and the anisotropy, thereby reducing the spin torque efficiency and the coercive field during the switching. The numerical macrospin simulations based on this model are in agreement with our experimental measurements and consistent with the results derived from the linearization of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation.
Vaccine Protection of Leukopenic Mice against Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection (2014)

The risk for Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (BSI) is increased in immunocompromised individuals, including patients with hematologic malignancy and/or chemotherapy. Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, designated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), staphylococcal BSI in cancer patients is associated with high mortality; however, neither a protective vaccine nor pathogen-specific immunotherapy is currently available. Here, we modeled staphylococcal BSI in leukopenic CD-1 mice that had been treated with cyclophosphamide, a drug for leukemia and lymphoma patients. Cyclophosphamide-treated mice were highly sensitive to S. aureus BSI and developed infectious lesions lacking immune cell infiltrates. Virulence factors of S. aureus that are key for disease establishment in immunocompetent hosts-α-hemolysin (Hla), iron-regulated surface determinants (IsdA and IsdB), coagulase (Coa), and von Willebrand factor binding protein (vWbp)-are dispensable for the pathogenesis of BSI in leukopenic mice. In contrast, sortase A mutants, which cannot assemble surface proteins, display delayed time to death and increased survival in this model. A vaccine with four surface antigens (ClfA, FnBPB, SdrD, and SpAKKAA), which was identified by genetic vaccinology using sortase A mutants, raised antigen-specific immune responses that protected leukopenic mice against staphylococcal BSI.
RAD51B in Familial Breast Cancer (2016)

Common variation on 14q24.1, close to RAD51B, has been associated with breast cancer: rs999737 and rs2588809 with the risk of female breast cancer and rs1314913 with the risk of male breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of RAD51B variants in breast cancer predisposition, particularly in the context of familial breast cancer in Finland. We sequenced the coding region of RAD51B in 168 Finnish breast cancer patients from the Helsinki region for identification of possible recurrent founder mutations. In addition, we studied the known rs999737, rs2588809, and rs1314913 SNPs and RAD51B haplotypes in 44,791 breast cancer cases and 43,583 controls from 40 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) that were genotyped on a custom chip (iCOGS). We identified one putatively pathogenic missense mutation c.541C>T among the Finnish cancer patients and subsequently genotyped the mutation in additional breast cancer cases (n = 5259) and population controls (n = 3586) from Finland and Belarus. No significant association with breast cancer risk was seen in the meta-analysis of the Finnish datasets or in the large BCAC dataset. The association with previously identified risk variants rs999737, rs2588809, and rs1314913 was replicated among all breast cancer cases and also among familial cases in the BCAC dataset. The most significant association was observed for the haplotype carrying the risk-alleles of all the three SNPs both among all cases (odds ratio (OR): 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.19, P = 8.88 x 10-16) and among familial cases (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.16-1.32, P = 6.19 x 10-11), compared to the haplotype with the respective protective alleles. Our results suggest that loss-of-function mutations in RAD51B are rare, but common variation at the RAD51B region is significantly associated with familial breast cancer risk.
Bet v 1‐specific IgE levels and PR‐10 reactivity discriminate silent sensitization from phenotypes of birch allergy (2019)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
High-Temperature Low-Pressure Adsorption of Branched C5−C8 Alkanes on Zeolite Beta, ZSM-5, ZSM-22, Zeolite Y, and Mordenite (1998)

Henry constants, low-coverage adsorption enthalpies, van't Hoff preexponential factors, and separation factors of C5−C8 alkanes are determined on beta, ZSM-5, ZSM-22, mordenite, and Y zeolites at 473−648 K using tracer and perturbation chromatographic techniques. Three different adsorption behaviors were encountered depending on the zeolite type: (1) nonselective competitive adsorption of isoalkanes and n-alkanes inside the micropores (zeolite Y), (2) preferential adsorption of the n-alkanes over the isoalkanes inside the micropores (beta, ZSM-5 and mordenite), and (3) selective adsorption of the n-alkanes in the micropores and of the isoalkanes on the external crystal surfaces (ZSM-22). Linear and mono- and multibranched alkanes can be separated on columns of ZSM-22 and beta zeolites.
Characterization of Switchable Terahertz Metasurfaces (2017)

We perform experimental characterization of switchable THz metasurfaces using variable-angle broadband THz ellipsometry. We extract frequency dependent surface susceptibility tensors and model the applied DC bias as tuning the conductivity of the active layer.
Analog vs. next-generation digital fronthaul: How to minimize optical bandwidth utilization (2017)

In this paper we investigate two promising approaches to reduce the optical bandwidth utilization in the mobile fronthaul of next-generation cloud radio access networks. We analyze and compare the performance of an analog radio-over-fiber and a new digital fronthaul in a chromatic dispersion-limited scenario. The former uses several analog channels, generated by up- and down-converting of baseband signals, and the latter utilizes simple OOK NRZ for the transmission to the remote radio head. Both principles are applied to a custom millimeter-wave system, consisting of several analog channels with baseband bandwidths as expected for 5G. The performance of both concepts at transmission rates of up to 100 Gb/s and 100 km of fiber is evaluated. We will show that both approaches are suitable for transmission distances typical for fronthaul and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, an optimized bandwidth concept for the analog radio-over-fiber system is presented, which enables transmission distances on the scale of metro networks.
Using multiple cryptographic modules for server-based certificate validation system (2010)

This paper propose an algorithm using multiple cryptographic modules to speed up a certification path validation of the X.509 Certificate. The algorithm used not only software cryptographic module but also hardware cryptographic modules in order to speed up transactions. The effect of it was confirmed by the experiment of the server system that had the fast algorithm of certification path validation under the private test environment.
Identification of the nuclear receptor DAF-12 as a therapeutic target in parasitic nematodes (2009)

Nematode parasitism is a worldwide health problem resulting in malnutrition and morbidity in over 1 billion people. The molecular mechanisms governing infection are poorly understood. Here, we report that an evolutionarily conserved nuclear hormone receptor signaling pathway governs development of the stage 3 infective larvae (iL3) in several nematode parasites, including Strongyloides stercoralis, Ancylostoma spp., and Necator americanus. As in the free-living Caenorhabditis elegans, steroid hormone-like dafachronic acids induced recovery of the dauer-like iL3 in parasitic nematodes by activating orthologs of the nuclear receptor DAF-12. Moreover, administration of dafachronic acid markedly reduced the pathogenic iL3 population in S. stercoralis, indicating the potential use of DAF-12 ligands to treat disseminated strongyloidiasis. To understand the pharmacology of targeting DAF-12, we solved the 3-dimensional structure of the S. stercoralis DAF-12 ligand-binding domain cocrystallized with dafachronic acids. These results reveal the molecular basis for DAF-12 ligand binding and identify nuclear receptors as unique therapeutic targets in parasitic nematodes.
The differential effects of human leukocyte pyrogen/lymphocyte-activating factor, T cell growth factor, and interferon on human natural killer activity. (1982)

Abstract The effects of different lymphocyte- and monocyte-derived mediators on human natural killer (NK) cell activity were examined. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or Percoll-enriched large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were preincubated in medium supplemented with lectin-free T cell growth factor (TCGF) preparations lacking interferon (IFN). Cells from these cultures exhibited a dose-dependent augmentation of NK cell activity against K562 leukemia cells, when compared with PBMC not incubated with TCGF. Furthermore, the addition of TCGF to PBMC or large granular lymphocytes in the presence of a maximally stimulatory concentration of human leukocyte interferon (IFN, 103 U/ml), resulted in levels of NK cell activity higher than that which either TCGF or IFN were capable of eliciting alone. Thus, it appears that TCGF is capable of directly stimulating human natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The effects of human leukocytic pyrogen/lymphocyte-activating factor (LP/LAF) on NK cell activity depended on the presence of other lymphokines during preincubation. Human NK cells preincubated in medium containing LP/LAF alone showed no augmentation of NK cell activity. However, when LP/LAF was added to PBMC in the presence of either TCGF or IFN, a marked synergistic augmentation of NK cell activity occurred. This augmentation produced by LP/LAF was dose dependent and maximal after 24 hr of incubation. The greatest augmentation of human NK activity was achieved with cells preincubated for 24 hr with LP/LAF, TCGF, and IFN. These studies demonstrate that human NK cell activity is subject to regulation by a variety of lymphokines and monokines. The possible mechanisms of the observed augmentation of NK activity produced by these substances and the potential in vivo relevance of the synergistic interaction of these important immunoregulatory molecules are discussed.
Molybdenum, Tungsten, and Rhenium d2 Complexes That Contain the [(C6F5NCH2CH2)2NMe]2- Ligand (2000)

The reaction between (C6F5NHCH2CH2)2NH and methyl iodide in the presence of base leads to (C6F5NHCH2CH2)2NMe (H2[ArFNMe]) in good yield. Reactions between H2[ArFNMe] and MCl4 (M = Mo or W) in the presence of NEt3 yield pseudooctahedral paramagnetic compounds of the type [Et3NH]{[ArFNMe]MCl3}. The reaction between 3 equiv of MeMgCl and [Et3NH]{[ArFNMe]MoCl3} produced paramagnetic trigonal bipyramidal [ArFNMe]MoMe2. The reaction between H2[ArFNMe] and Mo(NMe2)4 produced paramagnetic seven-coordinate [(C6F4(NMe2)NCH2CH2)2NMe]MoF2 instead of five-coordinate [(C6F5NCH2CH2)2NMe]Mo(NMe2)2, while the reaction between H2[ArFNMe], [NEt4]2[Re(O)Cl5], and NEt3 produced diamagnetic trigonal bipyramidal [ArFNMe]Re(O)Cl. X-ray studies confirmed the structures of [Et3NH]{[ArFNMe]MoCl3}, [ArFNMe]MoMe2, [(C6F4(NMe2)NCH2CH2)2NMe]MoF2, and [ArFNMe]Re(O)Cl.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convergent Three‐Component Total Synthesis of the Powerful Immunosuppressant (‐)‐Sanglifehrin A. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Examination of the α-Chitin Structure and Decrystallization Thermodynamics at the Nanoscale (2011)

Chitin is the primary structural material of insect and crustacean exoskeletons and fungal and algal cell walls, and as such it is the one of the most abundant biological materials on Earth. Chitin forms linear polymers of β1,4-linked-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), and in Nature, enzyme cocktails deconstruct chitin to GlcNAc. The mechanism of chitin deconstruction, like that of cellulose deconstruction, has been under investigation due to its importance in the global carbon cycle and in production of renewable and sustainable products from biological matter. To further understand the nanoscale properties of chitin, here we simulate crystals of α-chitin, which is the most prevalent form in Nature. We find excellent agreement with the recently reported crystal structure and we report the salient features of the simulations related to crystalline stability. We also compute the thermodynamic work required to peel individual chains from α-chitin surfaces, which a chitinase enzyme must conduct to deconstruct chitin. Compared with previous simulations of native plant cellulose Iβ, α-chitin exhibits higher decrystallization work for chains in the middle of surfaces and similar work for chains on the edges of crystals. Unlike cellulose, the free energy profile is dominated by a single bifurcated hydrogen bond between chains formed by the GlcNAc side chains and the O6 atoms on the primary alcohol group. This study highlights the molecular features of chitin that make it such a tough, recalcitrant material, and provides a key thermodynamic parameter in our quantitative understanding of how enzymes contribute to the turnover of carbohydrates in the biosphere.
Tuning the Functionality of a Carbon Nanofiber–Pt–RuO2 System from Charge Storage to Electrocatalysis (2012)

Chemical-functionalization-induced switching in the property of a hybrid system composed of a hollow carbon nanofiber (CNF) and Pt and RuO(2) nanoparticles from charge storage to electrocatalysis is presented. The results of this study show how important it is to have a clear understanding of the nature of surface functionalities in the processes involving dispersion of more than one component on various substrates including carbon nanomorphologies. When pristine CNF is used to decorate Pt and RuO(2) nanoparticles, random dispersion occurs on the CNF surface (C-PtRuO(2)). This results in mainly phase-separated nanoparticles rich in RuO(2) characteristics. In contrast to this, upon moving from the pristine CNF to those activated by a simple H(2)O(2) treatment to create oxygen-containing surface functional groups, a material rich in Pt features on the surface is obtained (F-PtRuO(2)). This is achieved because of the preferential adsorption of RuO(2) by the functionalized surface of CNF. A better affinity of the oxygen-containing functional groups on CNF toward RuO(2) mobilizes relatively faster adsorption of this moiety, leading to a well-controlled segregation of Pt nanoparticles toward the surface. Further reorganization of Pt nanoparticles leads to the formation of a Pt nanosheet structure on the surface. The electrochemical properties of these materials are initially evaluated using cyclic voltammetric analysis. The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that C-PtRuO(2) shows a charge storage property, a typical characteristic of hydrous RuO(2), whereas F-PtRuO(2) shows an oxygen reduction property, which is the characteristic feature of Pt. This clear switch in the behavior from charge storage to electrocatalysis is further confirmed by galvanostatic charge-discharge and rotating-disk-electrode studies.
Expressive Encryption Systems from Lattices (abstract from the invited lecture) (2013)

Abstract. In this survey, we review a number of the many “expressive” encryption systems that have recently appeared from lattices, and explore the innovative techniques that underpin them. 1