gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copy number variations and risk for schizophrenia in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (2008)

22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a common microdeletion syndrome with congenital and late-onset features. Testing for the genomic content of copy number variations (CNVs) may help elucidate the 22q11.2 deletion mechanism and the variable clinical expression of the syndrome including the high (25%) risk for schizophrenia. We used genome-wide microarrays to assess CNV content and the parental origin of 22q11.2 deletions in a cohort of 100 adults with 22q11.2DS (44 with schizophrenia) and controls. 22q11.2DS subjects with schizophrenia failed to exhibit de novo CNVs or any excess of novel inherited CNVs outside the 22q11.2 region. There were no significant effects of parental origin of the 22q11.2 deletion, deletion length, parental age or family history on expression of schizophrenia. There was no evidence for a general increase of de novo CNVs in 22q11.2DS. A novel finding was the relative paucity of males with de novo 22q11.2 deletions of paternal origin (P = 0.019). The Y chromosome may play a mediating role in the mechanism of 22q11.2 deletion events during spermatogenesis, resulting in the previously observed excess of maternal de novo 22q11.2 deletions. Hemizygosity of the 22q11.2 region appears to be the major CNV-related risk factor for schizophrenia in 22q11.2DS. The results reinforce the need for further efforts to identify specific molecular mechanisms underlying this expression and to identify the 1% of patients with schizophrenia who carry 22q11.2 deletions.
Combined Use of Oligopeptides, Fragment Libraries, and Natural Compounds: A Comprehensive Approach To Sample the Druggability of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (2015)

The modulation of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is emerging as a highly promising tool to fight diseases. However, whereas an increasing number of compounds are able to disrupt peptide-mediated PPIs efficiently, the inhibition of domain-domain PPIs appears to be much more challenging. Herein, we report our results related to the interaction between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR). The VEGF-VEGFR interaction is a typical domain-domain PPI that is highly relevant for the treatment of cancer and some retinopathies. Our final goal was to identify ligands able to bind VEGF at the region used by the growth factor to interact with its receptor. We undertook an extensive study, combining a variety of experimental approaches, including NMR-spectroscopy-based screening of small organic fragments, peptide libraries, and medicinal plant extracts. The key feature of the successful ligands that emerged from this study was their capacity to expose hydrophobic functional groups able to interact with the hydrophobic hot spots at the interacting VEGF surface patch.
The Glutamate-Rich Protein (GLURP) ofPlasmodium falciparumIs a Target for Antibody-Dependent Monocyte-Mediated Inhibition of Parasite Growth In Vitro (1998)

Monocyte-dependent as well as direct inhibitory effects of antimalarial antibodies point toward antigens accessible at the time of merozoite release as targets for biologically active antibodies capable of mediating protection against Plasmodium falciparum. The glutamate-rich protein (GLURP), being an antigen associated with mature schizont-infected erythrocytes, was therefore the object of the present investigation, in which we analyzed whether anti-GLURP antibodies can either interfere directly with merozoite invasion or act indirectly by promoting a monocyte-dependent growth inhibition, antibody-dependent cellular inhibition. GLURP-specific human immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, from pooled IgG of healthy Liberian adults who were clinically immune to malaria, were purified by affinity chromatography on columns containing R0 (N-terminal nonrepetitive region of GLURP) or R2 (C-terminal repetitive region of GLURP) recombinant protein or synthetic peptides as ligands. Analysis of the pattern of reactivity of highly purified anti-GLURP antibodies led to the definition of at least four B-cell epitopes. One epitope was specific for R0, two were specific for R2, and the fourth displayed cross-reactivity between R0 and R2. None of the purified IgG antibodies had direct invasion-inhibitory effects, even at high concentrations. In contrast, when allowed to cooperate with monocytes, all anti-GLURP IgG preparations mediated a strong monocyte-dependent parasite growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner.
Monitoring of degradation of porous silicon photonic crystals using digital photography (2014)

We report the monitoring of porous silicon (pSi) degradation in aqueous solutions using a consumer-grade digital camera. To facilitate optical monitoring, the pSi samples were prepared as one-dimensional photonic crystals (rugate filters) by electrochemical etching of highly doped p-type Si wafers using a periodic etch waveform. Two pSi formulations, representing chemistries relevant for self-reporting drug delivery applications, were tested: freshly etched pSi (fpSi) and fpSi coated with the biodegradable polymer chitosan (pSi-ch). Accelerated degradation of the samples in an ethanol-containing pH 10 aqueous basic buffer was monitored in situ by digital imaging with a consumer-grade digital camera with simultaneous optical reflectance spectrophotometric point measurements. As the nanostructured porous silicon matrix dissolved, a hypsochromic shift in the wavelength of the rugate reflectance peak resulted in visible color changes from red to green. While the H coordinate in the hue, saturation, and value (HSV) color space calculated using the as-acquired photographs was a good monitor of degradation at short times (t < 100 min), it was not a useful monitor of sample degradation at longer times since it was influenced by reflections of the broad spectral output of the lamp as well as from the narrow rugate reflectance band. A monotonic relationship was observed between the wavelength of the rugate reflectance peak and an H parameter value calculated from the average red-green-blue (RGB) values of each image by first independently normalizing each channel (R, G, and B) using their maximum and minimum value over the time course of the degradation process. Spectrophotometric measurements and digital image analysis using this H parameter gave consistent relative stabilities of the samples as fpSi > pSi-ch.
Substitution of Asp-309 by Asn in the Arg-Asp-Pro (RDP) motif of Acetobacter diazotrophicus levansucrase affects sucrose hydrolysis, but not enzyme specificity (1999)

beta-Fructofuranosidases share a conserved aspartic acid-containing motif (Arg-Asp-Pro; RDP) which is absent from alpha-glucopyranosidases. The role of Asp-309 located in the RDP motif of levansucrase (EC 2.4.1.10) from Acetobacter diazotrophicus SRT4 was studied by site-directed mutagenesis. Substitution of Asp-309 by Asn did not affect enzyme secretion. The kcat of the mutant levansucrase was reduced 75-fold, but its Km was similar to that of the wild-type enzyme, indicating that Asp-309 plays a major role in catalysis. The two levansucrases showed optimal activity at pH 5.0 and yielded similar product profiles. Thus the mutation D309N affected the efficiency of sucrose hydrolysis, but not the enzyme specificity. Since the RDP motif is present in a conserved position in fructosyltransferases, invertases, levanases, inulinases and sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolases, it is likely to have a common functional role in beta-fructofuranosidases.
Microstructural Evolution of Blast Furnace Coke During Experimental Heating —The IFORS Approach (2019)

Blast furnace coke has been experimentally heated between 850 °C and 1100 °C by varying the gas composition and the alkali content of the raw coke. Raman spectroscopy and “Iterative Fitting of Raman Spectra” (IFORS) evaluates the microstructural change of coke during the experiments. The obtained results indicate a significant microstructural variation within a bulk sample. This variation controls significantly the coke quality as estimated from standard experiments (23.9 < CRI > 38.3). A bulk sample with a CRI value <30 is composed dominantly of lumps showing a relatively low structural ordering. During experimental heating, the structural ordering of such lumps increases. A bulk sample with a CRI value >30 is composed dominantly of lumps showing a relatively high structural ordering. During experimental heating, the structural state of such lumps remains unchanged unless a strong reaction is induced by adding alkaline elements. It is supposed that, under laboratory conditions, thermal and chemical energy, affecting a microstructurally low-ordered coke, first reorganizes the structural state of the individual coke lumps, retarding the onset of the Boudouard reaction.
Natalizumab Does Not Require the Concomitant Use of Immunosuppressants or Corticosteriods for the Induction of Sustained Response and Remission in Patients with Crohnʼs Disease (2007)

Purpose: This post-hoc analysis assessed the need for concomitant immunosuppressants (IMM) or corticosteroids (CS) for induction of response and remission with natalizumab (NAT) in the ENCORE and ENACT2 trials. Methods: In the ENCORE induction trial, 509 patients (pts) with CDAI scores ≥220 and ≤450 and CRP levels > 2.87 mg/L were randomized 1:1 to receive NAT 300 mg (N = 259) or placebo (PBO; N = 250) infusions at Mths 0, 1, and 2. In the ENACT2 maintenance trial, NAT-treated pts who responded in ENACT1 and had a CDAI score <220 were re-randomized 1:1 to receive monthly NAT (300 mg; N = 168) or placebo (N = 171) infusions for up to 12 mths. Results: In ENCORE, 188 pts were not receiving IMM or CS at baseline, with 90 and 98 randomized to receive NAT and PBO, respectively. A significantly greater proportion of NAT-treated pts were in clinical response at both Months 2 and 3, and, individually, at Mths 1 through 3, compared to the PBO group (Table 1). NAT treatment also resulted in a significantly greater proportion of pts in clinical remission at both Mths 2 and 3 and, individually, at Mths 1 and 3 compared to PBO (Table 1). In ENACT2, 138 pts were not receiving IMM or CS at baseline, and following randomization, 70 and 68 pts received NAT and PBO, respectively. At Mths 6 through 12, a significantly greater proportion of NAT-treated patients were in clinical response and remission, compared to the PBO group (Table 2).Table 1: ENCORE (Induction)Table 2: ENACT2 (Maintenance)Conclusion: Analyses of these trials suggest that NAT was effective in inducing response and sustaining remission in CD pts in the absence of concomitant IMM or CS therapy.
Advances in plant proteomics toward improvement of crop productivity and stress resistancex (2015)

Abiotic and biotic stresses constrain plant growth and development negatively impacting crop production. Plants have developed stress-specific adaptations as well as simultaneous responses to a combination of various abiotic stresses with pathogen infection. The efficiency of stress-induced adaptive responses is dependent on activation of molecular signaling pathways and intracellular networks by modulating expression, or abundance, and/or post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins primarily associated with defense mechanisms. In this review, we summarize and evaluate the contribution of proteomic studies to our understanding of stress response mechanisms in different plant organs and tissues. Advanced quantitative proteomic techniques have improved the coverage of total proteomes and sub-proteomes from small amounts of starting material, and characterized PTMs as well as protein-protein interactions at the cellular level, providing detailed information on organ- and tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms responding to a variety of individual stresses or stress combinations during plant life cycle. In particular, we address the tissue-specific signaling networks localized to various organelles that participate in stress-related physiological plasticity and adaptive mechanisms, such as photosynthetic efficiency, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, plant growth, tolerance and common responses to environmental stresses. We also provide an update on the progress of proteomics with major crop species and discuss the current challenges and limitations inherent to proteomics techniques and data interpretation for non-model organisms. Future directions in proteomics research toward crop improvement are further discussed.
Optimal Positioning for Advanced RAIM (2012)

In the next decade, several important developments will have a major impact on civil aviation: the deployment of Galileo and Compass, the modernization of GPS, and the fact that all these core constellations will broadcast navigation signals in two distinct frequencies that fall in the L1/E1 and L5/E5, which fall in the Aeronautical Radio Navigation Satellite Service (ARNSS) space. As a consequence, even under conservative assumptions, the ranging sources will more than triple. In addition, the ionospheric delay will be estimated and removed by receivers using dual frequency. These developments can be exploited in all satellite navigation systems for aircraft. In particular, the increased redundancy and accuracy could dramatically improve the performance of Receiver
Design and Fabrications of High Voltage IGBTs on 4H-SiC (2006)

For the first time, SiC planar p-IGBTs with 5.8 kV of blocking voltage have been fabricated and characterized. The device exhibits a differential on-resistance of ~ 570 mOmegamiddotcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at the gate bias of -30 V at 25degC, and decreases to ~ 118 mOmegamiddotcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 200degC, ~108 mOmega middot cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 300degC, respectively. The median hole mobility in the inversion channel is 2.3 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vmiddots, and increases gradually with temperature. The effects of p-type field stopper layer and JFET region implantation to device current conduction capability were investigated. Numerical simulations have shown that to improve IGBT on-resistance, it is critical to achieve a high carrier lifetime in both drift region and JFET region, and a high value of inversion layer hole mobility
Cell dynamics with a novel phase referenced low-coherence interferometer with sub-wavelength and sub-hertz sensitivity (2002)

We report the use of a highly sensitive phase based motion measurement technique to study the correlation of cellular metabolic rate with cellular motions. The technique is based on a modified Michelson interferometer with a composite laser beam of 1550 nm low coherence light and 775 nm CW light. In this system, motional artifacts from vibrations in the interferometer are completely eliminated. We demonstrate that the system is sensitive to motions as small as 3.6 nm and velocities as small as 1 nm/s. Using the system, we show that the cellular motions are strongly dependent on the ambient temperature. We observe that the dependency does not conform to Brownian motion predictions but instead appears to correlate with the optical ambient temperature that the cells have evolved to operate in.
Effect of Alternative Developer Solutions on EUVL Patterning (2022)

This work explores the application of alternative developer solutions (“developers”) with the aim of understanding their potential effectivity in the reduction of resist-based stochastic pattern defects (or “stochastic defects”) in extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). Specifically, the application of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide type aqueous developer; ethyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (ETMAH) in comparison to the industry de facto standard aqueous alkali tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) developer was investigated. Focusing on EUV exposed contact hole (CH) patterns on a typical chemically amplified resist (CAR), the effect of these developers on stochastic defects were assessed. As a result, patterning investigations showed that the lithographic performance of the CAR developed in ETMAH is comparable to the those obtained with TMAH. In situ resist dissolution analysis using the high-speed atomic force microscope (HS-AFM) confirms this as it showed that the rate of CH formation during resist dissolution in both developers are relatively the same. Moreover, it was also understood that compared to the commonly used alkali developer concentration of 0.26N, a lower ETMAH developer concentration of 0.20N resulted in stochastic defect margin improvement, while maintaining lithographic performance. In situ resist dissolution analysis showed an obvious slowing down of CH pattern formation rate at 0.20N concentration, suggesting the possibility that of over-dissolution at the higher concentration condition, translating to an increase in merging CH defects. The results from this study show the advantages of further pursuing optimal developers for EUVL. This is especially significant as these findings indicate how optimal developers mitigate resist-based stochastic defects while maintaining lithographic performance.
Cellular uptake and anticancer activity of carboxylated gallium corroles (2016)

We report derivatives of gallium(III) tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole, 1 [Ga(tpfc)], with either sulfonic (2) or carboxylic acids (3, 4) as macrocyclic ring substituents: the aminocaproate derivative, 3 [Ga(ACtpfc)], demonstrated high cytotoxic activity against all NCI60 cell lines derived from nine tumor types and confirmed very high toxicity against melanoma cells, specifically the LOX IMVI and SK-MEL-28 cell lines. The toxicities of 1, 2, 3, and 4 [Ga(3-ctpfc)] toward prostate (DU-145), melanoma (SK-MEL-28), breast (MDA-MB-231), and ovarian (OVCAR-3) cancer cells revealed a dependence on the ring substituent: IC50values ranged from 4.8 to >200 µM; and they correlated with the rates of uptake, extent of intracellular accumulation, and lipophilicity. Carboxylated corroles 3 and 4, which exhibited about 10-fold lower IC50values (<20 µM) relative to previous analogs against all four cancer cell lines, displayed high efficacy (Emax= 0). Confocal fluorescence imaging revealed facile uptake of functionalized gallium corroles by all human cancer cells that followed the order: 4 >> 3 > 2 >> 1 (intracellular accumulation of gallium corroles was fastest in melanoma cells). We conclude that carboxylated gallium corroles are promising chemotherapeutics with the advantage that they also can be used for tumor imaging.
Observations on the Structural Chemistry of the Cyclopentadienyl Bridge (1981)

A general method for the introduction of a C5H4 bridge is the reaction of diazocyclopentadiene with MM multiple bonds in dinuclear complexes. Cp2(μ-NO)2Fe2 (with FeFe bonding) forms (1), Cp2(CO)4Mo2 (with MoMo bonding) reacts, with additional complexing of the ring system, to give (2).
THE METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND THE PROPAGATION OF THE RADIOACTIVE CLOUDS FROM NUCLEAR TEST EXPLOSIONS IN THE SAHARA (1961)

A meteorological study of the air mass circulation and the general weather conditions in the Mediterranean area after the French nuclear explosions in 1960 is reported. For the first explosion, February 13, the meteorological conditions favored the transport of secondary radioactive clouds to the central and eastern regions of Europe before the arrival of the primary ones which encircled the earth in two weeks. After the second explosion, April 1, neither the primary nor the secondary radioactive clouds arrived at Jassy because of the atmospheric conditions in the Mediterranean area. For the third test explosion, December 26, the weather conditions were again favorable for the penetration of some secondary radioactive clouds into the eastern regions of Romania. They were detected at Jassy in the samples collected January 1 and 5, 1961. As a general conclusion; the great importance of meteorological factors on the propagation of radiocontaminants through the atmosphere is indicated. (auth)
Fatty acid‐binding protein 7 regulates function of caveolae in astrocytes through expression of caveolin‐1 (2015)

Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) bind and solubilize long-chain fatty acids, controlling intracellular lipid dynamics. FABP7 is expressed by astrocytes in the developing brain, and suggested to be involved in the control of astrocyte lipid homeostasis. In this study, we sought to examine the role of FABP7 in astrocytes, focusing on plasma membrane lipid raft function, which is important for receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to extracellular stimuli. In FABP7-knockout (KO) astrocytes, the ligand-dependent accumulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha 1 into lipid raft was decreased, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB was impaired after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation when compared with wild-type astrocytes. In addition, the expression of caveolin-1, not cavin-1, 2, 3, caveolin-2, and flotillin-1, was found to be decreased at the protein and transcriptional levels. FABP7 re-expression in FABP7-KO astrocytes rescued the decreased level of caveolin-1. Furthermore, caveolin-1-transfection into FABP7-KO astrocytes significantly increased TLR4 recruitment into lipid raft and tumor necrosis factor-α production after LPS stimulation. Taken together, these data suggest that FABP7 controls lipid raft function through the regulation of caveolin-1 expression and is involved in the response of astrocytes to the external stimuli. GLIA 2015;63:780-794.
A New 3D Object Registration Method Using an Observation Robot (2014)

This paper presents an efficient position alloca- tion method of observation robot for 3D registration. In the field of computer vision, researchers have developed many algorithms for 3D registration and they are focusing on the model completeness. On the contrary, our approach is fo- cusing on the efficiency of the registration. With this new concept, we introduce Selective Data Process (SDP) which is a selecting technique of robot's observation position by ana- lyzing data distribution. We applied SDP to the 3D registra- tion technique and compared our new approach with the conventional 3D registration method. Real experiments veri- fied that our algorithm is faster than the conventional non- selective method. 
A Low Cost Bi-directional Wireless Power Transfer System (2019)

More and more consumer applications are powered using wireless power transfer (WPT) technology. This paper proposes a low cost WPT system for consumer applications that require bi-directional power flow. The proposed system uses two switches to regulate the wireless power flow in both directions. A mathematical model is presented, describing the different modes of operation of the WPT system. To validate the applicability of the proposed concept, both simulated and measured results are presented.
Single‐Voxel 1H MR spectroscopy of cerebral nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in humans at 7T using a 32‐channel volume coil (2019)

We demonstrated the feasibility and robustness of a newly developed <sup>1</sup> H MRS technique to measure localized cerebral NAD<sup>+</sup> at 7T MRI using a commercially available RF head coil. This technique may be further applied to detect and quantify NAD<sup>+</sup> from different regions of the brain as well as from other tissues.