gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aqueous core and hollow silica nanocapsules for confined enzyme modules (2020)

The development of enzyme modules by coupling several enzymes in confinement is of paramount importance to artificial biological reaction systems for efficient enzymatic reactions. Silica nanocapsules are ideal candidates for loading enzymes. Aqueous core silica nanocapsules have relatively been rarely reported due to the crux of difficulty in forming dense silica shells by interfacial sol-gel reactions. Herein we suggest a one-step synthesis of hollow silica nanocapsules with an aqueous core containing enzymes via a template-free and interfacial condensation method for developing enzyme modules with coupled enzymatic reactions. As a proof-of-concept, we developed enzyme modules for three useful purposes by encapsulating a couple of enzymes: (i) development of a miniature glucose sensor, (ii) protection of living cells, and (iii) regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (NADs). By the modulation of enzymes using silica nanocapsules, more efficient coupled reactions, separation of enzymatic reactions from surroundings, and easy handling of several enzymes by using a single module could be achieved. Therefore, our silica nanocapsules for enzyme modules can be promoted as general platforms for developing artificial nanoreactors.
Minimum distortion variance concatenated block codes for embedded source transmission (2014)

Some of the state-of-art multimedia source encoders produce embedded source bit streams that upon the reliable reception of only a fraction of the total bit stream, the decoder is able reconstruct the source up to a basic quality. Reliable reception of later source bits gradually improve the decoder reconstruction quality. Examples include scalable extensions of H.264/AVC and progressive image coders such as JPEG2000. To provide an efficient protection for embedded source bit streams, a concatenated block coding mechanism using a minimum mean distortion criterion was considered in the past. Although, the original design was shown to achieve mean distortion characteristics better than that of previous research, the proposed coding structure was leading to dramatic quality fluctuations. In this paper, a modification of the original design is first presented and then the second order statistics of the distortion is taken into account in the optimization. More specifically, an extension scheme is proposed using a minimum distortion variance optimization criterion. This robust system design is tested for an image transmission scenario. Numerical results show that the proposed extension achieves significantly lower variance than the original design, while showing similar mean distortion performance using both convolutional codes and low density parity check codes.
Use of the isolated perfused rat liver to study carcinogen-DNA adduct formation from aflatoxin B1 and sterigmatocystin. (1980)

Isolated rat livers were perfused under controlled conditions with two hepatocarcinogens, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and sterigmatocystin. Both were metabolically activated to molecular forms that bound to DNA yielding carcinogen-DNA component adducts that were released by acidic hydrolysis and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Binding to DNA was dose dependent at 1 and 3 mg/liver doses for sterigmatocystin and over a range of 0.05 to 3 mg/liver for AFB1. The major DNA adduct detected for sterigmatocystin was 1,2-dihydro-2-( N 7-guanyl)-1-hydroxysterigmatocystin, which presumably was formed by the reaction of the sterigmatocystin 1,2-oxide with DNA. Qualitatively and quantitatively, the binding of AFB1 to DNA was essentially the same in perfused liver as in the livers of rats given the carcinogen i.p. As in in vivo models described previously, phenobarbital pretreatment of rats serving as donors of livers used in perfusion resulted in reduction in the level of hepatic AFB1-DNA adducts to one-third of the control value. The major DNA adduct formed was 2,3-dihydro-2-( N 7-guanyl)-3-hydroxyaflatoxin B1; this adduct was derived from the aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide and accounted for approximately 80% of the carcinogen-derived radioactivity incorporated into DNA. The putative imidazole ring-opened derivative of this adduct was also formed and represented approximately 6.5% of the binding. One of the important characteristics of the isolated liver perfusion model was the fact that minor aflatoxin adducts were observed that do not form in significant quantities in vitro . The technique was demonstrated to have significant potential as a tool for isolation of these adducts in view of the extraordinarily high levels of DNA binding observed (>1 AFB1 adduct/103 DNA bases) at carcinogen doses that would be severely toxic if administered to animals by conventional protocols. One of the minor AFB1 adducts was chromatographically identical to an adduct formed by reaction of an epoxide of aflatoxin P1, an AFB1 metabolite, with guanyl residues in DNA. A second minor adduct was formed by the reaction of an activated metabolite of aflatoxin M1 with the guanine base.
Magnetic Resonance of the Musculoskeletal System (1987)

This book consists of eight chapters, the first one presenting the basic principles and terminology of MR imaging. Other chapters provide a sound basis for the understanding of the physics of MR imaging. The results of MR imaging in different pathologic conditions are presented and compared with those obtained with other, more conventional modalities. This book provides an excellent background on the use and possibilities of MR imaging in musculoskeletal conditions.
Identification of Anti-CA125 Antibody Responses in Ovarian Cancer Patients by a Novel Deep Sequence–Coupled Biopanning Platform (2015)

High-grade epithelial ovarian cancer kills more women than any other gynecologic cancer and is rarely diagnosed at an early stage. We sought to identify tumor-associated antigens (TAA) as candidate diagnostic and/or immunotherapeutic targets by taking advantage of tumor autoantibody responses in individuals with ovarian cancer. Plasma-derived IgG from a pool of five patients with advanced ovarian cancer was subjected to iterative biopanning using a library of bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles (MS2-VLPs) displaying diverse short random peptides. After two rounds of biopanning, we analyzed the selectant population of MS2-VLPs by Ion Torrent deep sequencing. One of the top 25 most abundant peptides identified (DISGTNTSRA) had sequence similarity to cancer antigen 125 (CA125/MUC16), a well-known ovarian cancer-associated antigen. Mice immunized with MS2-DISGTNTSRA generated antibodies that cross-reacted with purified soluble CA125 from ovarian cancer cells but not membrane-bound CA125, indicating that the DISGTNTSRA peptide was a CA125/MUC16 peptide mimic of soluble CA125. Preoperative ovarian cancer patient plasma (n = 100) was assessed for anti-DISGTNTSRA, anti-CA125, and CA125. Patients with normal CA125 (<35 IU/mL) at the time of diagnosis had significantly more antibodies to DISGTNTSRA and to CA125 than those patients who had high CA125 (>35 IU/mL). A statistically significant survival advantage was observed for patients who had either normal CA125 and/or higher concentrations of antibodies to CA125 at the time of diagnosis. These data show the feasibility of using deep sequence-coupled biopanning to identify TAA autoantibody responses from cancer patient plasma and suggest a possible antibody-mediated mechanism for low CA125 plasma concentrations in some ovarian cancer patients.
Cholecystokinin-1 receptor antagonists: 5-hydroxy-5-aryl-pyrrol-2-ones as anticancer agents (2016)

Hydroxy-pyrrolones, which were potent CCK1R antagonists, showed nanomolar<italic>in vitro</italic>activity and anticancer activity<italic>in vivo</italic>for colon and pancreatic cancer.
Transformation of Dilute Ethylene at High Temperature on Micro- and Nano-Sized H-ZSM-5 Zeolites (2021)

Ethylene dehydroaromatisation (EDA) was investigated at 700 °C under 1 bar of ethylene (5 mol% in N2) over a micro-(M) and a nano-sized (N) H-ZSM-5. On the M zeolite an induction period followed by deactivation was observed, which could be related to the presence of long diffusion path lengths in this sample, leading to mass transfer resistance. During the induction step, the aromatics yield increases, despite a significant loss of the acid site concentration as a result of coking. This induction period corresponds to the formation of an active hydrocarbon pool (HCP) composed of units of 2 to 5 aromatic rings with a molecular weight ranging from 130 to 220 g mol−1 (light coke). A kinetic study revealed that the developing HCP species is two times more active than Brønsted acid sites in the fresh zeolite. Diffusion limitations yet impact the product desorption by promoting coke growth and, therefore the deactivation of the HCP and hence of the catalyst. From MA-LDI/LDI-TOF MS (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization—Time of Flight Mass Spectroscopy) characterisation was deduced that even after complete catalyst deactivation, the as-deposited coke continues growing at the external surface of the zeolite by condensation reactions, thus leading to heavy coke composed of more than 100 carbon atoms and a molar mass exceeding 1300 g mol−1. Unlike the micro-sized zeolite, the nano-scaled zeolite features a short diffusion path length and promotes fast formation of the active HCP. As a result, higher activity and selectivity into benzene were observed, whilst catalyst deactivation was significantly mitigated.
Elective egg freezing and its underlying socio-demography: a binational analysis with global implications (2018)

Among healthy women, EEF is a technological concession to gender-based socio-demographic disparities, which leave many highly educated women without partners during their prime childbearing years. This information is important for reproductive specialists who counsel single EEF patients, and for future research on EEF in diverse national settings.
Mechanical stress enhances CD9 expression in cultured podocytes (2014)

Elevated glomerular pressure represents a high risk for the development of severe kidney diseases and causes an increase in mechanical load to podocytes. In this study, we investigated whether mechanical stress alters gene expression in cultured podocytes using gene arrays. We found that tetraspanin CD9 is significantly upregulated in cultured podocytes after mechanical stress. The differential expression of CD9 was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting under stretched and unstretched conditions. Furthermore, mechanical stress resulted in a relocalization of CD9. To get an insight into the functional role of CD9, podocytes were transfected with pEGFP-CD9. The expression of CD9 induced the formation of substratum-attached thin arborized protrusions. Ca(2+) depletion revealed that podocytes overexpressing CD9 possess altered adhesive properties in contrast to the control transfected cells. Finally, elevated CD9 expression increased migration of podocytes in a wound assay. In summary, our results suggest that upregulation of CD9 may play an important role in podocyte morphology, adhesion, and migration.
Synergistic Effect between Colistin and Bacteriocins in Controlling Gram-Negative Pathogens and Their Potential To Reduce Antibiotic Toxicity in Mammalian Epithelial Cells (2013)

Pathogens resistant to most conventional antibiotics are a harbinger of the need to discover novel antimicrobials and anti-infective agents and develop innovative strategies to combat them. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro activity of colistin alone or in combination with two bacteriocins, nisin A and pediocin PA-1/AcH, against Salmonella choleraesuis ATCC 14028, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Yersinia enterocolitica ATCC 9610, and Escherichia coli ATCC 35150 (O157:H7). The strain most sensitive to colistin was enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7, which was inhibited at a concentration of about 0.12 μg/ml. When nisin A (1.70 μg/ml) or pediocin PA-1/AcH (1.56 μg/ml) was combined with colistin, the concentrations required to inhibit E. coli O157:H7 were 0.01 and 0.03 μg/ml, respectively. The in vitro antigenotoxic effect of colistin was determined by using the comet assay method to measure the level of DNA damage in freshly isolated human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) incubated with colistin for 1 h at 37°C. Changes in the tail extents of PBLs of about 69.29 ± 0.08 μm were observed at a final colistin concentration of about 550 ng/ml. Besides the synergistic effect, the combination of colistin (1 mg/ml) and nisin (2 mg/ml) permitted us to re-evaluate the toxic effect of colistin on Vero (monkey kidney epithelial) cells.
Flexible Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (2016)

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a biomechanical derangement involving the three- dimensional (3D) midfoot and hindfoot osseous complex, which can be challenging to optimally characterize using conventional two-dimensional (2D) plain radiographs. Weightbearing (WB) Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) can better demonstrate the deformity of the 3D structures during WB. Therefore, we compared validated AAFD measurements between non-weightbearing (NWB) and WB CBCT images. Methods: In this prospective, IRB approved study, 20 patients were included, 12 males and 8 females, mean age of 54.21 (20-88) years, with clinical diagnosis of flexible AAFD. Subjects were scanned with standing (WB) and seated (NWB) CBCTs. WB and NWB CBCT images were assessed with traditional flatfoot measurements obtained at sagittal, coronal, and axial planes using predefined anatomical landmarks, by two independent observers. Interobserver reliability was calculated using Pearson correlation. Results: The measurements in patients with AAFD differed significantly between WB and NWB CBCT images. Specifically, WB images showed, when compared to NWB, decreased forefoot arch angle (mean difference: 9.91°, p &lt; 0.0001), increased talus-first metatarsal angle (10.59°, p &lt; 0.0001), increased navicular-medial cuneiform angle (13.89°, p &lt; 0.0001), decreased navicular-floor (coronal 14.05mm/sagittal 14.91mm, p &lt; 0.0001) and navicular-skin distances (coronal 5.87mm/sagittal 8.25mm, p &lt; 0.0001), decreased medial cuneiform-floor (coronal 10.79mm/sagittal 11.07mm, p &lt; 0.0001) and medial cuneiform-skin distances (coronal 4.45mm/sagittal 5.78mm, p &lt; 0.0001), and decreased cuboid-floor (5.78mm, p &lt; 0.0001) and cuboid-skin distances in the sagittal plane (4.60mm, p &lt; 0.0001). Interobserver reliability was good to excellent (0.610-0.991). Conclusion: Traditional adult acquired flatfoot deformity radiographic measurements are obtainable using high resolution 3D WB CBCT imaging, and can help characterize the biomechanical derangements during weightbearing in subjects with flexible AAFD.
Common ABCA1 variants, HDL levels, and cellular cholesterol efflux in subjects with familial low HDL (2007)

HDL promotes cholesterol efflux from peripheral cells via ABCA1 in the first step of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). We investigated whether the early steps of RCT were disturbed in subjects with familial low HDL and an increased risk for early atherosclerosis. Cholesterol efflux from monocyte-derived macrophages to lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I; %) was measured in 22 patients with familial low HDL without Tangier disease mutations and in 21 healthy controls. In addition, we defined the different alleles of ABCA1 using single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes and measured ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA transcript levels in cholesterol-loaded macrophages. Similar ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux levels were observed for macrophages derived from control subjects and from low-HDL subjects. However, when efflux of cholesterol was estimated as cholesterol efflux to apoA-I (%)/relative ABCA1 mRNA expression level, cholesterol removal was significantly (P = 0.001) lower in the low-HDL group. Cholesterol-loaded macrophages from low-HDL subjects showed significantly increased levels of ABCA1 mRNA but not of ABCG1 mRNA and were more often carriers of the rare ABCA1 alleles L158 and R219K. These results suggest that defective ABCA1 function in cholesterol-loaded macrophages is one potential contributor to the impaired RCT process and the increased coronary heart disease risk in subjects with familial low HDL.
Ontological analysis of gene expression data: current tools, limitations, and open problems (2005)

Independent of the platform and the analysis methods used, the result of a microarray experiment is, in most cases, a list of differentially expressed genes. An automatic ontological analysis approach has been recently proposed to help with the biological interpretation of such results. Currently, this approach is the de facto standard for the secondary analysis of high throughput experiments and a large number of tools have been developed for this purpose. We present a detailed comparison of 14 such tools using the following criteria: scope of the analysis, visualization capabilities, statistical model(s) used, correction for multiple comparisons, reference microarrays available, installation issues and sources of annotation data. This detailed analysis of the capabilities of these tools will help researchers choose the most appropriate tool for a given type of analysis. More importantly, in spite of the fact that this type of analysis has been generally adopted, this approach has several important intrinsic drawbacks. These drawbacks are associated with all tools discussed and represent conceptual limitations of the current state-of-the-art in ontological analysis. We propose these as challenges for the next generation of secondary data analysis tools.
Boron trifluoride-assisted perfluoroalkylation of carbon-nitrogen double bonds (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBoron trifluoride-assisted perfluoroalkylation of carbon-nitrogen double bondsHidemitsu Uno, Shinichiro Okada, Tetsushi Ono, Yasukazu Shiraishi, and Hitomi SuzukiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 5, 1504–1513Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00031a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00031a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views477Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Phenotypic profiling of CD34<sup>+</sup> cells by advanced flow cytometry improves diagnosis of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (2023)

Diagnostic criteria for juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) are currently well defined, however in some patients diagnosis still remains a challenge. Flow cytometry is a well established tool for diagnosis and follow-up of hematological malignancies, nevertheless it is not routinely used for JMML diagnosis. Herewith, we characterized the CD34+ hematopoietic precursor cells collected from 31 children with JMML using a combination of standardized EuroFlow antibody panels to assess the ability to discriminate JMML cells from normal/reactive bone marrow cell as controls (n=29) or from cells of children with other hematological diseases mimicking JMML (n=9). CD34+ precursors in JMML showed markedly reduced B-cell and erythroid-committed precursors compared to controls, whereas monocytic and CD7+ lymphoid precursors were significantly expanded. Moreover, aberrant immunophenotypes were consistently present in CD34+ precursors in JMML, while they were virtually absent in controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that combined assessment of the number of CD34+CD7+ lymphoid precursors and CD34+ aberrant precursors or erythroid precursors had a great potential in discriminating JMMLs versus controls. Importantly our scoring model allowed highly efficient discrimination of truly JMML versus patients with JMML-like diseases. In conclusion, we show for the first time that CD34+ precursors from JMML patients display a unique immunophenotypic profile which might contribute to a fast and accurate diagnosis of JMML worldwide by applying an easy to standardize single eight-color antibody combination.
Fitness without exhaustion (2011)

Next-generation adoptive leukemia immunotherapy will likely be based on injection of T cells targeted to specific antigens (Ag). This approach is currently limited by our inability to generate sufficient numbers of Ag-specific T cells that can survive and proliferate in vivo. In this issue of Blood, Wang and colleagues demonstrate that central memory T cells can generate ex vivo Ag-specific T cells that thrive well after in vivo transfer.1
A Collaborative Architecture for Multiple Computer Aided Engineering Applications (2002)

In this paper, we describe the need, design, and implementation of a Collaborative Architecture. The Collaboration Architecture addresses the need for multiple Computer Aided Engineering applications to exchange data packets directly with each other in an effort to decrease the design cycle time. This architecture incorporates three components in its design, a server, a controller, and multiple members. The members generate and use the data packets. The server maintains and distributes the data packets between the members. The controller component determines which CAE users are generating or using which data sets. The member component has been implemented with three subcomponents, a pusher application, a receiver application, and the CAE application which uses / generates the data packets. For the local member communication, the Collaborative Architecture uses shared memory. For inter-component communication, the architecture uses CORBA. Finally, this paper describes the implementation of two Computer Aided Applications, Dv/Mockup and an Immersive Virtual Design Environment.
Delayed electroluminescence in small-molecule-based organic light-emitting diodes: Evidence for triplet-triplet annihilation and recombination-center-mediated light-generation mechanism (2005)

We measured delayed electroluminescence in small-molecule-based organic light-emitting diodes based on N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine hole-transport molecule and tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum electron-transport and emitter molecule after the excitation currents are switched off and reverse bias applied to the sample. The experiments indicate that delayed light emission is a result of two distinct processes: emissive excited singlet-state generation by either triplet-triplet annihilation or recombination of trapped positive and negative charges in the device. Under reverse device bias these two mechanisms have distinctly different signatures. We also found that upon device aging, delayed light emission decreases faster (by about a factor of 4–5) than prompt electroluminescence, which is attributed to an increase of the triplet decay rate due to the presence of aging induced spin-12 trapped charges in the device.