gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solvent-Free Heck-Jeffery Reactions under Ball-Milling Conditions Applied to the Synthesis of Unnatural Amino Acids Precursors and Indoles (2006)

The syntheses of various amino- and hydroxy-substituted dehydrophenylalanine derivatives using the Heck-Jeffery protocol under non-solvent conditions in a ball mill are presented. The influences of electron-withdrawing groups and of the location of the heteroatom substituent relative to the halide are discussed. Suitably substituted ortho-amino dehydrophenylalanine derivatives undergo a cyclization-elimination reaction to the corresponding 2-substituted indoles.
Simple and low-cost method for particulate matter size determination based on far-field interference pattern image processing (2020)

In this work, a simple optical method for measuring particle size distribution is investigated, as part of a particulate matter monitor. Particulate matter, defined as the suspended solid or liquid particles in air, is widely considered as one of the main air pollutants and a source of smog and global warming. Different particle sizes pose different health hazards, where particles with particle diameters less than 10 µm (PM10) can enter the nasal cavity, those smaller than 7 µm (PM7) can penetrate the throat and those smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) can enter the lungs. These health risks have driven global interest in monitoring PM sizes and concentrations. The setup used in this work consists of a laser source in the visible spectral regime (633 nm wavelength) shined on opaque particulate matter of diameter distribution in the order of 10 µm to 50 µm. The diffraction pattern in the far field is captured using a CCD camera, without stringent requirements on the pixel size of the camera or large number of pixels. The captured image is processed to identify the diffraction pattern due to each particular matter, from which the size can be retrieved. This method offers an inexpensive, non-intrusive and simple implementation to finding the size distribution of particulate matter. Having good potential for further improvement and system miniaturization, particle sizing using laser diffraction pattern analysis opens the door for cheap personal air quality monitoring for real-time consumer application.
Comparison of the Micellar Incorporation and the Intestinal Cell Uptake of Cholecalciferol, 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol and 1-α-Hydroxycholecalciferol (2017)

In the context of the global prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency, we compared two key determinants of the bioavailability of 3 vitamin D forms with significant biopotencies: cholecalciferol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1-α-hydroxycholecalciferol. To this aim, we studied their incorporation into synthetic mixed micelles and their uptake by intestinal cells in culture. Our results show that 1-α-hydroxycholecalciferol was significantly more solubilized into mixed micelles compared to the other forms (1.6-fold and 2.9-fold improvement compared to cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, respectively). In Caco-2 TC7 cells, the hydroxylated forms were taken up more efficiently than cholecalciferol (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and conversely to cholecalciferol, their uptake was neither SR-BI(Scavenger-Receptor class B type I)- nor NPC1L1 (NPC1 like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1)-dependent. Besides, the apical membrane sodium-bile acid transporter ASBT (Apical Sodium-dependent Bile acid Transporter) was not involved, at least in vitro, in the uptake of any of the three vitamin D forms. Further investigations are needed to identify the uptake pathways of both 1-α-hydroxycholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. However, considering its high bioavailability, our results suggest the potential interest of using 1-α-hydroxycholecalciferol in the treatment of severe vitamin D deficiency.
Oral aspirin and ibuprofen increase cytokine‐induced synthesis of IL‐1β and of tumour necrosis factor‐αex vivo (1996)

We investigated the effect of oral aspirin and ibuprofen on the ex vivo synthesis of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy volunteers. Seven volunteers took 325 mg of aspirin daily for 14 days. Three weeks after ending aspirin medication, ex vivo IL-1 beta and TNF synthesis induced by exogenous IL-1 alpha was elevated threefold compared to the pre-aspirin value (P = 0.01 and P = 0.005, respectively). Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a stimulus, no influence of oral aspirin was observed. The increase in cytokine synthesis did not parallel decreased synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Seven weeks after discontinuation of aspirin, cytokine and PGE-2 production returned to pre-aspirin levels. Another seven volunteers took 200 mg of ibuprofen daily for 12 days. Again, there was no effect on LPS- or Staphylococcus epidermidis-induced cytokine synthesis. However, IL-1 alpha-induced synthesis of IL-1 beta was elevated to a mean individual increase of 538% (P < 0.001) and synthesis of TNF was elevated to 270% (P < 0.001) at the end of ibuprofen medication and 2 weeks after discontinuation of ibuprofen. There were parallel increases in PGE2 and both returned to their pre-ibuprofen levels 5 weeks after stopping. Although inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase blunt PGE2-mediated symptoms such as fever and pain, we conclude that short term use of either aspirin or ibuprofen results in a 'rebound' increase in cytokine-induced cytokine synthesis that is not observed in LPS-induced cytokines.
[Cushing's disease and corticotrophic adenoma: results of pituitary microsurgery]. (2002)

Between November 1994 and June 2001, 194 patients with Cushing's disease underwent transsphenoidal surgery: 167 patients had adenomectomy, 14 had ante hypophysectomy, 5 had subtotal hypophysectomy, 4 had hemihypophysectomy 4 had central hypophysectomy. Complications occurred in 18 patients (9.3%), including 4 deaths (three were apparently not related to surgery). Remission of disease was achieved in 162 of 190 (85.3%) patients analyzed. Surgical failures were associated with lack of pituitary adenoma, size of the tumor and invasiveness. Among patients with confirmed adenomas, the rate of remission was significantly higher (p<0.01) in patients with microadenomas (92.6%) than in patients with macroadenomas (66.7%). Reoperation in 6 failures was followed by remission in 4 cases. The overall remission rate was 87.4%. In the 162 patients with immediate success, duration of follow-up was 10.0 +/- 5.9 years (m +/- DS; median=10.0). Recurrence of the disease occurred in 24 (14.8%) of 162 patients at a mean 4.8 years (range: 0.8-12.0 years). Our longest sustained remission is 25.6 years. Actuarial analysis indicates that the probability of a patient remaining well 12 years after surgery is 80.0%. It is 86.2% in microadenomas versus 52.5% in macroadenomas and 94.5% in the patients with postoperative hypocortisolism versus 59.2% in the others.
The R-3327 system of rat prostatic cancers (1996)

53. Pollard M, Luckert PH, Sporn MB. Prevention of primary prostate cancer in Lobund-Wistar rats by 4hydroxyphenyIretinamide. Cancer Res 1991;51:3610-6. Pollard M, Luckert PH. Promotional effects of testosterone and high fat diet on the development of autochthonous prostate cancer in rats. Cancer Lett 1986;32:223-7. Pollard M, Luckert PH, Snyder DL. Prevention of prostate cancer and liver tumors in L-W rats by moderate dietary restriction. Cancer 1989;64:686-90. Pollard M, Luckert PH, Snyder DL. The promotional effect of testosterone on induction of prostate cancer in MNUsensitized LW rats. Cancer Lett 1989;45:209-12. Cohen MB. Heidner PM. Lubaroff DM. Gross and microscooic pathology of induced prostatic complex tumors arising’ in Lobund-Wistar rats. Cancer Res 1994;54:626-8. Pollard M, Luckert P. Autochthonous prostate adenocarcinoma in Lobund-Wistar rats: A model system. The Prostate 1987;11:219-27. Pugh TD, Chang C, Uemura H, Weindruch R. Prostatic localization of spontaneous early invasive carcinoma in LobundWistar rats. Cancer Res 1994;54:5766-70. Chang CF. Pollard M. In h-0 propagation of prostate adeno carcinoma cells from rats. Invest Ural 1977;14:331-4. Pollard M, Luckert PH. Patterns of spontaneous metastasis 54.
Resolution, configurational assignment, and enantiopharmacology at glutamate receptors of 2‐amino‐3‐(3‐carboxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolyl)propionic acid (ACPA) and demethyl‐ACPA (2001)

We have previously described (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-carboxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (ACPA) as a potent agonist at the (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptor subtype of (S)-glutamic acid (Glu) receptors. We now report the chromatographic resolution of ACPA and (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-carboxy-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (demethyl-ACPA) using a Sumichiral OA-5000 column. The configuration of the enantiomers of both compounds have been assigned based on X-ray crystallographic analyses, supported by circular dichroism spectra and elution orders on chiral HPLC columns. Furthermore, the enantiopharmacology of ACPA and demethyl-ACPA was investigated using radioligand binding and cortical wedge electrophysiological assay systems and cloned metabotropic Glu receptors. (S)-ACPA showed high affinity in AMPA binding (IC(50) = 0.025 microM), low affinity in kainic acid binding (IC(50) = 3.6 microM), and potent AMPA receptor agonist activity on cortical neurons (EC(50) = 0.25 microM), whereas (R)-ACPA was essentially inactive. Like (S)-ACPA, (S)-demethyl-ACPA displayed high AMPA receptor affinity (IC(50) = 0.039 microM), but was found to be a relatively weak AMPA receptor agonist (EC(50) = 12 microM). The stereoselectivity observed for demethyl-ACPA was high when based on AMPA receptor affinity (eudismic ratio = 250), but low when based on electrophysiological activity (eudismic ratio = 10). (R)-Demethyl-ACPA also possessed a weak NMDA receptor antagonist activity (IC(50) = 220 microM). Among the enantiomers tested, only (S)-demethyl-ACPA showed activity at metabotropic receptors, being a weak antagonist at the mGlu(2) receptor subtype (K(B) = 148 microM).
Structure of carbon onions and nanotubes formed by arc in liquids (2003)

Since carbon nanotubes and onions were discovered, many methods have been proposed for their production. For applications the main requirements are low capital cost, high purity of the produced material, simplicity of technique, and its potential for scale up. Recently a cathodic arc between two graphitic electrodes immersed in liquids has been demonstrated to be a simple method to produce carbon nanoparticles such as nanotubes and onions. In this paper high-resolution transmission electron microscopy is employed to examine the shape of the nanoparticles and the purity of the final material produced under various conditions. In this study we have used an arc discharge in two different liquids--liquid nitrogen and distilled water--and we have changed the grade of the carbon electrodes. The variety in structure, shape, and size of the produced particles is discussed in line with a model proposed to describe the physical process.
Flow Techniques, Industrial (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Classes of Ultrasonic Flow Measurement Techniques Flow Profiles Measurement Techniques Mechanical Concerns
Photon correlation study of background suppressed single InGaN nanocolumns (2016)

Abstract We report on a linearly polarized non-classical light emission from a single InGaN/GaN nanocolumn, which is a site-controlled nanostructure allowing for pixel-like large-scale integration. We have developed a shadow mask technique to reduce background emissions arising from nitride deposits around single nanocolumns and defect states of GaN. The signal to background ratio is improved from to , which allows for detailed polarization-dependent measurement and photon-correlation measurements. Polarization-dependent measurements show that linearly polarized emissions arise from excitonic recombination involving a heavy-hole-like electronic state, corresponding to the bulk exciton of an in-plane polarized A exciton. The second-order coherence function at time zero g (2) (0) is 0.52 at 20 K without background correction. This value is explained in terms of a statistical mixture of a single-photon emission with residual weak background emissions, as well as efficient carrier injection from other localized states.
Evaluation of a new vaccination strategy against bluetongue based on expressing a group specific antigen (VP7) (2009)

International audience
Novel double pole double throw switchplexer that simplifies dual-band WLAN and MIMO front-end module designs (2008)

a novel dual-band DPDT T/R switchplexer is presented. The switchplexer has a low-loss Tx path and a fully integrated Rx diplexer using die area ≪ 0.15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Tx path has 0.1 dB compression at ≫ 31.8 dBm with 1 dB insertion loss (IL) and ≫ 20 dB isolation from 2.4 to 5.9 GHz. The switch features ultra low EVM distortion up to 26 dBm power input with harmonic emission ≪ −50 dBm. Rx path has switch and diplexer losses of 2.0 dB and 2.2 dB IL for ‘b/g’ and ‘a’ bands, respectively. The band selectivity is ≫ 15 dB. These unique features simplify the dual-band front-end by reducing the total number of ICs to 2 or 3 in a simple low cost package.
MR electrical properties imaging using a generalized image‐based method (2020)

Because it avoids time-consuming RF field mapping and generalizes the use of standard MR image for electrical properties reconstruction, this contribution is promising as a new step forward for clinical applications.
Supplementary Figure 8 from αvβ6 Integrin Promotes Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer through JNK1-Mediated Activation of Androgen Receptor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Expression of beta3/6 integrin chimera in LNCaP Cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Serine/threonine kinase, Melk, regulates proliferation and glial differentiation of retinal progenitor cells (2011)

Serine/threonine kinase, Melk, was initially cloned in oocytes, but it is expressed in normal tissues and especially in cancer cells. We had previously identified Melk as a gene that is highly expressed in immature mouse retinal progenitors. To analyze the function of Melk in embryogenesis, we cloned zebrafish Melk and reported that morpholino-based downregulation of Melk in zebrafish resulted in severe anemia. Melk-morpholino-treated zebrafish also showed microphthalmia, suggesting the participation of Melk in retinal development. In Melk-depleted retinas, differentiation of retinal neurons took place but was delayed, and the proliferative period of retinal progenitor cells was prolonged, suggesting that Melk might regulate the timing of the transition from proliferation to differentiation. For more detailed examination, we performed gain- and loss-of-function analyses of Melk in mouse retinas. Knockdown of Melk by shRNA in mouse embryonic retinal explant culture resulted in decreased proliferative activity of retinal progenitors, and accordingly, overexpression of Melk slightly enhanced proliferation. Differentiation of retinal progenitor into subtypes of retinal neurons was not significantly affected, but Müller glia differentiation was perturbed by the level of Melk. Furthermore, process extension of glial cells was enhanced in the absence of Melk, suggesting that Melk is involved in the morphological differentiation of retinal cells. Taken together, our results suggest that Melk is primarily required for proper proliferation, and might play multiple roles in retinal development in vertebrates.
Polymer, Additives, and Processing Effects on N95 Filter Performance (2021)

The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) pandemic has highlighted the need for personal protective equipment, specifically filtering facepiece respirators like N95 masks. While it is common knowledge that polypropylene (PP) is the industry standard material for filtration media, trial and error is often required to identify suitable commercial precursors for filtration media production. This work aims to identify differences between several commercial grades of PP and demonstrate the development of N95 filtration media with the intent that the industry partners can pivot and help address N95 shortages. Three commercial grades of high melt flow index PP were melt blown at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and broadly characterized by several methods including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and neutron scattering. Despite the apparent similarities (high melt flow and isotacticity) between PP feedstocks, the application of corona charging and charge enhancing additives improve each material to widely varying degrees. From the analysis performed here, the most differentiating factor appears to be related to crystallization of the polymer and the resulting electret formation. Materials with higher crystallization onset temperatures, slower crystallization rates, and larger number of crystallites form a stronger electret and are more effective at filtration.
QFT controller optimization for automatic design (2002)

In case of robust control, the quantitative feedback theory controller design can be considered as an alternative to the /spl mu/-synthesis. Particularly, it allows to obtain controllers less conservative than other methods like H/sub /spl infin//. Loop-shaping algorithms have been proposed but their implementations remain complex for automatic controller design and is still an open question. This paper proposes an automatic QFT closed-loop design method based on a 2 steps optimization algorithm in case of SISO systems.
Progesterone concentrations in maternal and fetal serum are lower during functional dystocia than in normal labor. (1992)

Concentrations of progesterone and estradiol (E2) were measured in parturient serum and in fetal cord serum during normal labor and in women with functional dystocia. In the study group, there were no cases of cephalopelvic disproportion. In oxytocin-resistant dystocia, the course of labor could not be corrected with oxytocin. To ascertain the effect of oxytocin, we included a number of women whose labor had been induced with oxytocin, followed by normal cervical dilatation and descent of the fetus. All the parturients were grouped retrospectively into those with normal labor and those with dystocia, based on previous definitions. The serum concentrations of progesterone in both the fetal cord and maternal vein were found to be significantly lower in the oxytocin-resistant dystocia group than in women in spontaneous normal labor and those with oxytocin-induced labor and normal progression (P less than .05-.005). Oxytocin had no evident effect on the serum concentration of either progesterone or E2, nor did concentrations vary following epidural blockade. Serum E2 concentrations in the maternal vein were similar in all delivery groups. Fetal cord E2 serum concentrations were similar in all vaginal deliveries. Women with the most severe oxytocin-resistant dystocia, delivered by cesarean, had significantly lower serum concentrations of E2 in fetal cord serum compared with the vaginally delivered women (P less than .001).
doppioDB: A hardware accelerated database (2017)

Relational databases provide a wealth of functionality to a wide range of applications. Yet, there are tasks for which they are less than optimal, for instance when processing becomes more complex (e.g., regular expression evaluation, data analytics) or the data is less structured (e.g., text or long strings). With the increasing amount of user-generated data stored in relational databases, there is a growing need to analyze unstructured text data. At the same time more complex analytical operators are required to extract useful information from the vast amount of collected data. However, many analytical operators incur a significant compute complexity not suitable to database engines where multiple queries share the available resources. In this demonstration we show the benefit of using specialized hardware for such tasks and highlight the importance of a flexible, reusable mechanism for extending database engines with hardware-based operators. Our hybrid database engine, doppioDB, is deployed on an emerging Xeon+FPGA multicore architecture where the CPU and FPGA have cache-coherent access to the same memory, such that the hardware operators can directly access the database tables. The demonstration is illustrating the acceleration benefits of hardware operators, as well as doppioDB's flexibility in accommodating changing workloads.
Detection and quantitation of microRNAs using the RNA Invader® assay (2007)

MicroRNAs are short single-stranded RNA molecules ranging in length from 17 to 24 nucleotides. During the past few years, hundreds of miRNAs have been identified in plants, animals, and a number of viruses with their exact biological function not fully understood (Lagos-Quintana et al., 2001; Lagos-Quintana et al., 2002; Reinhart et al., 2002; Hunter and Poethig, 2003; Lagos-Quintana et al., 2003; Pfeffer et al., 2004; Dunn et al., 2005; Pasquinelli et al., 2005; Wienholds and Plasterk, 2005; Wienholds et al., 2005). It has been shown that miRNAs target messenger RNA (mRNAs) at specific sites inducing cleavage of the RNA or result in inhibition of translation (Bartel, 2004). MiRNAs also exhibit unique expression patterns in tumor cells and therefore maybe useful as molecular markers for cancer cells (Michael et al., 2003; Calin et al., 2004; Croce and Calin, 2005; Eis et al., 2005). Moreover, microRNAs have been identified to be involved in regulation of cell and tissue development as well as several biological processes including cell proliferation and death, apoptosis, neuron development, DNA methylation and chromatin modification, and fat metabolism (Reinhart et al., 2000; Pasquinelli and Ruvkun, 2002; Ambros, 2003; Brennecke et al., 2003; Johnston and Hobert, 2003; Xu et al., 2003; Bao et al., 2004; Alvarez-Garcia and Miska, 2005; Croce and Calin, 2005; Miska, 2005).
Making the scientific literature fail-safe (2018)

Critical systems are designed to be failsafe. This does not mean that failures cannot occur, but rather that redundant and compensatory mechanisms are engi-
Multiscale segmentation for MRC document compression using a Markov random field model (2010)

The Mixed Raster Content (MRC) standard (ITU-T T.44) specifies a framework for document compression which can dramatically improve the compression/quality tradeoff as compared to traditional lossy image compression algorithms. The key to MRC's performance is the separation of the document into foreground and background layers, represented as a binary mask. In this paper, we propose a novel multiscale segmentation scheme based on the sequential application of two algorithms. The first algorithm, Cost Optimized Segmentation (COS), is a blockwise segmentation algorithm formulated in a global cost optimization framework. The second algorithm, Connected Component Classification (CCC), refines the initial segmentation by classifying feature vectors of connected components using a Markov random field (MRF) model. The combined COS/CCC segmentation algorithms are then incorporated into a multiscale framework in order to improve the segmentation accuracy of text with varying size.