gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Endogenous Retrovirus K in Cancer: A Potential Biomarker and Immunotherapeutic Target (2020)

In diseases where epigenetic mechanisms are changed, such as cancer, many genes show altered gene expression and inhibited genes become activated. Human endogenous retrovirus type K (HERV-K) expression is usually inhibited in normal cells from healthy adults. In tumor cells, however, HERV-K mRNA expression has been frequently documented to increase. Importantly, HERV-K-derived proteins can act as tumor-specific antigens, a class of neoantigens, and induce immune responses in different types of cancer. In this review, we describe the function of the HERV-K HML-2 subtype in carcinogenesis as biomarkers, and their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy.
Treatment of Bacterial Endocarditis with Cephalosporin Derivatives in Penicillin-Allergic Patients (1966)

BACTERIAL endocarditis was almost universally fatal before the advent of antibiotics.1 , 2 The poor prognosis radically improved in the 1940's with the availability of penicillin.3 To date, penicillin remains the single most effective antibiotic agent for the treatment of endocarditis due to gram-positive cocci.4 Unfortunately, approximately 2 per cent of the general population are allergic to penicillin.5 Furthermore, an estimated 18 per cent of adults with rheumatic or congenital heart lesions susceptible to endocarditis who have received regular prophylactic courses of penicillin may be allergic to the antibiotic.6 In the past, 3 principal methods of therapy were available to patients allergic . . .
Correction of Moderate and Severe Acquired Flexible Flatfoot with Medializing Calcaneal Osteotomy and Flexor Digitorum Longus Transfer (2006)

In a cadaver model, the effectiveness of different procedures on radiographic and pedobarographic parameters varies with the severity of an acquired flatfoot deformity.
Controlled carbon–sulphur or carbon–silicon bond cleavage in the reactions of alkyl-lithium reagents with a 1-silyl-1-thioallene (1983)

3-Methyl-1-phenylthio-1-trimethylsilylbuta-1,2-diene (3) reacts with different alkyl-lithium reagents by C–Si or C–S bond cleavage, rather than by Michael addition or metallation; one product, the α-silyl-α-lithioallene (6), is alkylated mainly γ with carbonyl compounds, but is silylated α with Et3SiCl to from the 1,1-bis-silylallene Me2CCC(SiEt3)SiMe3.
Combinatorial Gene Therapy with BMP2/7 Enhances Cranial Bone Regeneration (2008)

BMP2/7 heterodimer expression by adenovirus can stimulate bone formation at subcutaneous sites. In the present study, we evaluate whether this approach will also promote healing of cranial defects. Adenovirus expressing BMP2 or BMP7 (AdBMP2, AdBMP7) was titrated to yield equivalent BMP protein levels after transduction into murine BLK cells. Analysis of conditioned medium showed that BMP2/7 heterodimers have enhanced ability to stimulate alkaline phosphatase and Smad 1,5,8 phosphorylation relative to equivalent amounts of BMP2 or BMP7 homodimers. To measure bone regeneration, we implanted virally transduced BLK cells into critical-sized calvarial defects generated in C57BL6 mice. AdBMP2/7-transduced cells were more effective in healing cranial defects than were cells individually transduced with AdBMP2 or BMP7. Dramatic increases in bone volume fraction, as measured by microCT, as well as fusion of regenerated bone with the defect margins were noted. Thus, the use of gene therapy to express heterodimeric BMPs is a promising potential therapy for healing craniofacial bones.
Unprecedented Oxidation of a Phenylglycinol-Derived 2-Pyridone:  Enantioselective Synthesis of Polyhydroxypiperidines (2001)

[reaction: see text]. The phenylglycinol-derived 2-pyridone 1 undergoes m-CPBA oxidation steroselectively leading to the chiral nonracemic unsaturated bicyclic hydroxylactam 2, from which the enantioselective synthesis of (3R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidine (16) and the formal synthesis of the azasugar epiisofagomine are described. The enantioselective synthesis of (S)-N-Boc-3-hydroxypiperidine and (3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypiperidine is also reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Photoconversion of Pyruvate to Lactate in Aqueous TiO2 Dispersions. (1987)

Abstract The photoconversion does not require additional catalysts and its efficiency depends on the pH and the electron donor present in solution.
UV-induced crosslinking of the biopolyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-hydroxyvalerate) (2010)

Films of the biopolyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-hydroxyvalerate) PHB-HV, a microbe-derived poly(hydroxyalkanoate), were crosslinked with 2,6-bis(4-azidobenzylidene)-4-methylcyclohexanone BA under UV irradiation. The degree of network formation reached 90% within irradiation times lower than 1 min. The 3 wt% concentration of BA in PHB-HV was found to be the optimum with respect to the rate of crosslinking relative to the rate of chain scission, which were derived from Charlesby-Pinner analyses. The PHB-HV/BA system could successfully be used for the generation of one- and two-step photolithographic imprints with reasonable resolution in the 50 μm range and, hence, proved to be an efficient system for finishing with biopolyesters.
Avalanche breakdown in high-voltage D-MOS devices (1976)

A new type of voltage breakdown occurring in high-voltage D-MOS transistors is described. This effect severely reduces the high-voltage capability of these devices when the gate field plate is extended through the drift region toward overlapping the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> drain contact region. The breakdown is shown to be due to an avalanche phenomenon appearing close to the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> region, due to the very high field induced in this NIOS structure in nonequilibrium. A first-order theory is developed to confirm the conclusions of the experimental study.
Multipoint Full-Wave Model Order Reduction for Delayed PEEC Models With Large Delays (2011)

The increase of operating frequencies requires 3-D electromagnetic (EM) methods, such as the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method, for the analysis and design of high-speed circuits. Very large systems of equations are often produced by 3-D EM methods and model order reduction (MOR) techniques are used to reduce such a high complexity. When signal waveform rise times decrease and the corresponding frequency content increases, or the geometric dimensions become electrically large, time delays must be included in the modeling. A PEEC formulation, which include delay elements called τ PEEC method, becomes necessary and leads to systems of neutral delayed differential equations (NDDE). The reduction of large NDDE is still a very challenging research topic, especially for electrically large structures, where delays among coupled elements cannot be neglected or easily approximated by rational basis functions. We propose a novel model order technique for τ PEEC models that is able to accurately reduce electrically large systems with large delays. It is based on an adaptive multipoint expansion and MOR of equivalent first-order systems. The neutral delayed differential formulation is preserved in the reduced model. Pertinent numerical examples based on τ PEEC models validate the proposed MOR approach.
Effects of siRNA on RET/PTC3 Junction Oncogene in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: From Molecular and Cellular Studies to Preclinical Investigations (2014)

RET/PTC3 junction oncogene is typical of radiation-induced childhood papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with a short latency period. Since, RET/PTC3 is only present in the tumour cells, thus represents an interesting target for specific therapy by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Our aim is to demonstrate in vitro and in vivo molecular and cellular effects of siRNA on RET/PTC3 knockdown for therapeutic application.First, we established a novel cell line stably expressing RET/PTC3 junction oncogene, named RP3 which was found tumorigenic in nude mice compared to NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Among four siRNAs and five concentrations tested against RET/PTC3, an efficient siRNA RET/PTC3 and an appropriate dose (50 nM) were selected which showed significant inhibition (p<0.001) of gene (RT-qPCR) and protein (Western blot) expressions. This siRNA was found efficient in RP3 cells (harbouring RET/PTC3) but non-efficient in BHP10-3 SCmice cell line (harbouring RET/PTC1) showing that a specific siRNA against fusion sequence is required to target the junction oncogene. In vitro siRNA RET/PTC3 showed significant (p<0.001) inhibitory effects on RP3 cell viability (MTT assay) and on invasion/migration (IncuCyte scratch test) with blockage of cell cycle at G0/G1 phase (flow cytometry) and induced apoptosis by caspase-3 and PARP1 cleavage (WB). After intravenous injection in nude mice, respective squalene (SQ) nanoparticles (NPs) of siRNA RET/PTC3 significantly (p<0.001) reduced RP3 tumour growth, oncogene and oncoprotein expressions, induced apoptosis and partially restored differentiation (decrease in Ki67). Hence, our findings highly support the use of siRNA RET/PTC3-SQ NPs as a new promising treatment for patients affected by PTC expressing RET/PTC3.
The Expression of Adenosine A2B Receptor on Antigen-Presenting Cells Suppresses CD8+ T-cell Responses and Promotes Tumor Growth (2020)

Accumulating evidence suggests that inhibiting adenosine-generating ecto-enzymes (CD39 and CD73) and/or adenosine A2A or A2B receptors (R) stimulates antitumor immunity and limits tumor progression. Although activating A2ARs or A2BRs causes similar immunosuppressive and protumoral functions, few studies have investigated the distinct role of A2BR in cancer. Here, we showed that A2BR expression by hematopoietic cells was primarily responsible for promoting tumor growth. Deletion of A2BR profoundly enhanced anticancer T-cell immunity. Although T-cell A2BR plays an insignificant role for A2BR-mediated immunosuppression and tumor promotion, A2BR deficiency in tumor-bearing mice caused increased infiltration of myeloid and CD103<sup>+</sup> dendritic cells, which was associated with more effective cross-priming of adoptively transferred tumor antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. A2BR deletion also intrinsically favored accumulation of myeloid and CD11b<sup>dim</sup> antigen-presenting cells (APC) in the tumor microenvironment. Both myeloid-specific or CD11c-specific conditional deletion of A2BR delayed primary tumor growth. Myeloid, but not CD11c-specific conditional, depletion delayed lung metastasis. Pharmacologic blockade of A2BR improved the antitumor effect of adoptive T-cell therapy. Overall, these results suggested that A2BR expression on myeloid cells and APCs indirectly suppressed CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses and promoted metastasis. These data provide a strong rationale to combine A2BR inhibition with T-cell-based immunotherapy for the treatment of tumor growth and metastasis.
Control of deposition processes and structures of fibroin nanofilms by IR pulsed laser ablation (2008)

Abstract Control of structural and morphological features of silk fibroin (SF), one of the most popular and stable structural proteins, prepared by near infrared (1064 nm) pulsed laser deposition (PLD) are discussed, based mainly on the recent experimental studies made in the authors' laboratory. The small deposition rate and mingling of much larger units, called chunks or debris, are the main problems. The structure and properties of irradiation targets are highlighted, in an attempt to make the protein PLD technique affordable for practical purposes. Firm adhesion among fibroin powder particles is a straightforward way to avoid pull-out of the particles from the powder-consolidated target, being one of the main sources of debris. This alone cannot, however, satisfactorily increase the homogeneity of the nanostructures and increase the deposition rate. Finer control of the properties of grain-boundary in the target was therefore devised by using binders, including an autogenous one. A unique feature of the ablation mechanisms of fibroin was also discussed by taking account of the optical properties of fibroin, being transparent to a 1064 nm laser beam.
Triggered human mucosal T cells release tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma which kill human colonic epithelial cells (1991)

T cell activation can lead to local tissue injury in organ culture studies of human fetal jejunum, either directly through cytotoxicity or indirectly by the release of cytotoxic cytokines. The goal of this study was to establish in vitro whether cytotoxic cytokines can be released by isolated colonic T cells and what cytokine interactions are required for killing of human colonic epithelial cells. Cytokine-containing supernatants were induced by incubating unseparated lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) or mucosal T cell subpopulations (separated by indirect panning) with anti-CD3 and/or K562 target cells for 18 h at 37 degrees C. Cytokines were measured by cytotoxicity assays using L929 (murine fibroblast) and HT-29 (human colonic tumour) lines as target cells in combination with blocking anti-cytokine antibodies. Supernatants derived from unseparated, CD4+ (greater than 95% pure) and CD8+ (greater than 90% pure) LPL were cytotoxic to L929 targets (350 U/ml, 230 U/ml and 100 U/ml tumour necrosis factor-alpha, respectively). All or nearly all of the cytotoxicity was due to the presence of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (little or no tumour necrosis factor-beta was detected). These same supernatants were cytotoxic (up to 32% lysis at 1/4 dilution) to HT-29 targets in a 48-h 111In release assay. Recombinant tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma alone produced minimal killing of HT-29, but together killed the HT-29 target cells. Anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha or anti-interferon-gamma alone blocked killing of HT-29 target cells by LPL-derived supernatants, although anti-tumour necrosis factor-beta had no effect upon killing of HT-29. These results demonstrate that human LPL T cells, triggered by addition of anti-CD3 and target cells, produce tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma, both of which are required for optimal killing of HT-29. Simultaneous release of these cytokines in the vicinity of epithelial cells during immune responses could play an important role in the mucosal damage in chronic inflammatory states such as inflammatory bowel disease.
Oxasilacycles Leading to UV-Curable Polymers: Synthesis and Application (2014)

Many applications of polymeric materials desire and in certain instances require various functions in one family of polymeric architectures. In this work, synthetic routes and methods to obtain novel oxasilacycles and their use in polymer chemistry as both monomer and cross-linking agents are presented. Photoacid generators are used for the acid-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of the synthesized oxasilacycles allowing photoinitiated and controlled polymerizations. The polymerization behavior and influence of different photoacids as well as the influence of catalyst loading are examined using in situ IR spectroscopy. The synthesized cyclic structures offer a broad variety in polymer chemistry. Oxasilaspirocycles can either homopolymerize or function as a cross-linking reactant in organic polymers. A polystyrene–hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer is cross-linked via polycondensation reactions of the oxasilaspirocycle. An isopropoxy-substituted oxasilamonocycle is synthesized for the modification of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes for photoacid-initiated polymerizable telechelic structures. Additionally, the synthesis of multifunctional oligomers containing the photoacid generator unit and the cross-linking agent leads to highly cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane-based structures. In this system it is possible to predefine the gel content as well as the viscosity of the cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane after irradiation by the ratio of oxasilacycle to polydimethylsiloxane.
Modeling of Traction for Central Tire Inflation Systems (2005)

A new traction model was developed to predict traction for agricultural drive tires operatingin soil with incomplete lug penetration. The model uses the Bernstein equation to predict the depthof penetration of the lug and undertread of the tire. The maximum shear stress is then calculatedaccording to the Mohr-Colomb equation. The shear stress was predicted along the length of the tirefootprint by using the Janosi-Hanamoto relationship. The gross traction was predicted by integratingthe shear stress over the area of the tire. The new model more closely approximated the test datathan any of the other commonly used models. In addition, the new model and experimental datashowed that tractive performance in soft soil can be better than tractive performance on firm soil dueto increased lug penetration.
ChemInform Abstract: Quantum Control over Single Spins in Diamond (2014)

Abstract Review: 170 refs.
Spectral Signatures and Spatial Coherence of Bound and Unbound Polarons in P3HT Films: Theory Versus Experiment (2018)

The origin of the mid-infrared (IR) spectral features for hole absorption in doped poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Using a Holstein-style Hamiltonian to treat vibronic coupling involving the prominent vinyl stretching mode, the low-energy peak (A) occurring in the spectral interval 0.1–0.15 eV is found to contain a substantial (sometimes dominant) intrachain-polarized component, in contrast to the predictions of the more conventional treatments based on self-trapped, mid-gap polaron states where peak A is entirely interchain in origin. A higher-energy peak (B) located between 0.35 and 0.7 eV and largely intrachain-polarized is also obtained and associated with the conventional P1 polaron transition. Spectral signatures for polaron coherence based on peaks A and B are identified and used to analyze the molecular weight dependence of the IR spectral line shapes of P3HT doped with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane. Generally, the polaron coherence lengths along the chain and stacking axes increase with molecular weight, which is consistent with similar studies conducted on hole absorption in undoped P3HT.
Third Generation Scintillators (LL18-V-3rdGenScint-PD3Jg) (2018)

No abstract provided.
Relationship between tip-burn and intercellular Ca2+ concentration in the Leaves of Brassica oleracea(초록) (2012)

Jeong-Yeo Lee, In-Kyu Park, Zee-Won Lee, Suk-Weon Kim, Nam-Kwon Baek, Hong-Seok Park, Seok-Yoon Kwon, Hye-Ran Kim Green Bio Research Center, Cabbage Genomics assisted breeding supporting Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea; Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, Korea; Biological Resources Center, Cabbage Genomics assisted breeding supporting Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea; Samsung Seeds Company, 128, Madu 2 gil, Seotan, Pyongtaek, Gyeonggi, Korea
Optimal scheduling for disconnected cooperation (2001)

We consider a distributed environment consisting of n processors that need to perform t tasks. We assume that communication is initially unavailable and that processors begin work in isolation. At some unknown point of time an unknown collection of processors may establish communication. Before processors begin communication they execute tasks in the order given by their schedules. Our goal is to schedule work of isolated processors so that when communication is established for the first time, the number of redundantly executed tasks is controlled. We quantify worst case redundancy as a function of processor advancements through their schedules.
Morphologies of ABC Triblock Terpolymer Melts Containing Poly(Cyclohexadiene): Effects of Conformational Asymmetry (2012)

We have synthesized linear ABC triblock terpolymers containing poly(1,3-cyclohexadiene), PCHD, as an end block and characterized their morphologies in the melt. Specifically, we have studied terpolymers containing polystyrene (PS), polybutadiene (PB), and polyisoprene (PI) as the other blocks. Systematically varying the ratio of 1,2- /1,4-microstructures of poly(1,3-cyclohexadiene), we have studied the effects of conformational asymmetry among the three blocks on the morphologies using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and self-consistent field theory (SCFT) performed with PolySwift++. Our work reveals that the triblock terpolymer melts containing a high percentage of 1,2-microstructures in the PCHD block are disordered at 110 °C for all the samples, independent of sequence and volume fraction of the blocks. In contrast, the triblock terpolymer melts containing a high percentage of 1,4-microstructure form regular morphologies known from the literature. The accuracy of the SCFT calculations depends on calculating the χ parameters that quantify the repulsive interactions between different monomers. Simulations using χ values obtained from solubility parameters and group contribution methods are unable to reproduce the morphologies as seen in the experiments. However, SCFT calculations accounting for the enhancement of the χ parameter with an increase in the conformational asymmetry lead to an excellent agreement between theory and experiments. These results highlight the importance of conformational asymmetry in tuning the χ parameter and, in turn, morphologies in block copolymers.
Domain and domain wall observations in sputtered exchange-biased wedges (1993)

Sputtered exchange-coupled sandwich systems with FeMn biasing underlayer, NiFe and NiCo ferromagnetic layers, and wedge-shaped Ru interlayers are investigated by Kerr microscopy. Domain analysis confirms the basic oscillatory behavior between ferro- and antiferromagnetic exchange coupling as a function of the nonmagnetic interlayer thickness. High resolution observation reveals many 360 degrees domain walls, especially in zones of weak coupling. These 360 degrees walls act as nucleation sites in a strongly hysteretic magnetization process and may form a problem in sensor applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Biodegradable Poly(Ortho Esters) as Drug Delivery Forms (1985)

Poly(ortho esters) are a polymer system containing backbone linkages that are stable in base, hydrolyze at very slow rates at the physiological pH of 7.4, and become progressively more labile as the pH is lowered. A major rationale for developing this system was a need for a polymer capable of a wide variety of erosion rates and where erosion could be confined to the surface of a solid device. Then, any selected, constant release rate can be achieved for therapeutic agents physically incorporated into the matrix by maintenance of an appropriate device geometry. Surface erosion and variations in delivery rates can be achieved by either stabilizing the interior of the polymer with a base so that erosion can take place only in the surface layers where the basic excipient is neutralized by the external medium or by using acidic excipients (Heller, 1980) incorporated into the typically highly hydrophobic matrix. In this latter case, surface erosion takes place only in the surface layer where the excipient is exposed to water.