gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled release of human growth hormone fused with a human hybrid Fc fragment through a nanoporous polymer membrane (2013)

Nanotechnology has been applied to the development of more effective and compatible drug delivery systems for therapeutic proteins. Human growth hormone (hGH) was fused with a hybrid Fc fragment containing partial Fc domains of human IgD and IgG4 to produce a long-acting fusion protein. The fusion protein, hGH-hyFc, resulted in the increase of the hydrodynamic diameter (ca. 11 nm) compared with the diameter (ca. 5 nm) of the recombinant hGH. A diblock copolymer membrane with nanopores (average diameter of 14.3 nm) exhibited a constant release rate of hGH-hyFc. The hGH-hyFc protein released in a controlled manner for one month was found to trigger the phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in human B lymphocyte and to exhibit an almost identical circular dichroism spectrum to that of the original hGH-hyFc, suggesting that the released fusion protein should maintain the functional and structural integrity of hGH. Thus, the nanoporous release device could be a potential delivery system for the long-term controlled release of therapeutic proteins fused with the hybrid Fc fragment.
Probing the Local Electronic Structure in Metal Halide Perovskites through Cobalt Substitution (Small Methods 6/2023) (2023)

Inside Front Cover In article number 2300095, Hesjedal and co-workers demonstrate that the substitution of Co2+ ions into the halide perovskite imparts magnetic behavior to the material while maintaining photovoltaic performance. We utilize the Co2+ ions (shown as robots) themselves as probes to sense the local electronic environment of lead in the perovskite, thereby opening the substitution gateway for developing novel functional perovskite materials and devices for future technologies.
Distribution Matching for High Spectral Efficiency Optical Communication With Multiset Partitions (2018)

In this paper, we review the concept of multiset-partition-based distribution matching. We then characterize performance over short block lengths of 20, 40, and 80 symbols, and with 16QAM, 64QAM, and 256QAM modulation formats. We note that a 40 symbol distribution matcher length can obtain better than uniform performance, while an 80 symbol distribution matcher can utilize most of the available gain over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios.
Properties of transition metal substituted zinc sulfide hexamers and dodecamers (2015)

Density functional theory was used to study the structural and electronic properties of endohedrally- and substitutionally-doped Zn6S6 and Zn12S12 clusters with first-row transition metal atoms. Generally, the lowest energy electronic state of the cluster is that with the maximum multiplicity (Ti and Cr are exceptions). Substitutionally-doped clusters have greater binding energies (per atom) for both cluster sizes, providing an indication that similar doping will be preferred in the bulk material as well. The results are relevant to thin films of doped ZnS in which cluster formation is likely.
Optically pumped semiconductor CW laser with 307nm output (2018)

We investigated cw intra-cavity third-harmonic generation (THG), where both the second- and third-harmonic NLO processes are type-I. The concept and results from a prototype with output of 28mW at 307nm are presented here.
Sub-clinical detection of gut microbial biomarkers of obesity and type 2 diabetes (2016)

Abstract Background Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are linked both with host genetics and with environmental factors, including dysbioses of the gut microbiota. However, it is unclear whether these microbial changes precede disease onset. Twin cohorts present a unique genetically-controlled opportunity to study the relationships between lifestyle factors and the microbiome. In particular, we hypothesized that family-independent changes in microbial composition and metabolic function during the sub-clinical state of T2D could be either causal or early biomarkers of progression. Methods We collected fecal samples and clinical metadata from 20 monozygotic Korean twins at up to two time points, resulting in 36 stool shotgun metagenomes. While the participants were neither obese nor diabetic, they spanned the entire range of healthy to near-clinical values and thus enabled the study of microbial associations during sub-clinical disease while accounting for genetic background. Results We found changes both in composition and in function of the sub-clinical gut microbiome, including a decrease in Akkermansia muciniphila suggesting a role prior to the onset of disease, and functional changes reflecting a response to oxidative stress comparable to that previously observed in chronic T2D and inflammatory bowel diseases. Finally, our unique study design allowed us to examine the strain similarity between twins, and we found that twins demonstrate strain-level differences in composition despite species-level similarities. Conclusions These changes in the microbiome might be used for the early diagnosis of an inflamed gut and T2D prior to clinical onset of the disease and will help to advance toward microbial interventions.
Malignant Odontogenic Tumors: A 22‐Year Experience (2004)

Malignant odontogenic tumors are rare. They require a multidisciplinary team to determine proper treatment. Long-term surveillance is mandatory and is accomplished by routine physical examinations, along with serial radiographic imaging.
Cardiovascular magnetization transfer ratio imaging compared with histology: A postmortem study (2014)

Cardiovascular magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) imaging by steady state free precession is a promising imaging method to assess microstructural changes within the myocardium. Hence, MTR imaging was correlated to histological analysis. Three postmortem cases were selected based on a suspicion of myocardial infarction. MTR and T 2 ‐weighted ( T 2w ) imaging was performed, followed by autopsy and histological analysis. All tissue abnormalities, identified by autopsy or histology, were retrospectively selected on visually matched MTR and T 2w images, and corresponding MTR values compared with normal appearing tissue. Regions of elevated MTR (up to approximately 20%, as compared to normal tissue), appearing hypo‐intense in T 2w ‐images, revealed the presence of fibrous tissue in microscopic histological analysis. Macroscopic observation (autopsy) described scar tissue only in one case. Regions of reduced MTR (up to approximately 20%) corresponded either to (i) the presence of edema, appearing hyperintense in T 2w ‐images and confirmed by autopsy, or to (ii) inflammatory granulocyte infiltration at a microscopic level, appearing as hypo‐intense T 2w ‐signal, but not observed by autopsy. Findings from cardiovascular MTR imaging corresponded to histology results. In contrast to T 2w ‐imaging, MTR imaging discriminated between normal myocardium, scar tissue and regions of acute myocardial infarction in all three cases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:915–919 . © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
<title>Theoretical and experimental characterization of thermal effects in doped fibers</title> (1998)

Nonradiative decay mechanisms in doped fibers introduce heat into the fiber core and often decrease the upper state lifetime of a dopant. This can be detrimental to doped-fiber lasers, amplifiers, and in some cases all-optical switches. In this paper we report theoretical and experimental studies of thermal effects in doped fibers, with particular emphasis on their impact on all-optical nonlinear switches using resonant nonlinearities. We observe significant thermal effects in transition metal-doped silica fibers. We determine that sub-microsecond(s) switching using a resonant nonlinear effect in a conventional switch architecture requires dopant oscillator strengths of 3.6 10<SUP>-3</SUP> or greater when nonradiative processes are the predominant decay mechanism.
Analytical results for capacity improvements in CDMA (1994)

Examines the performance enhancements that can be achieved by employing spatial filtering in code division multiple access (CDMA) cellular radio systems. The goal is to estimate what improvements are possible using narrow-beam adaptive antenna techniques, assuming that adaptive algorithms and the associated hardware to implement these systems can be realized. Simulations and analytical results are presented which demonstrate that steerable direction antennas at the base station can dramatically improve the reverse channel performance of multicell mobile radio systems, and new analytical techniques for characterizing mobile radio systems which employ frequency reuse are described using the wedge-cell geometry of Rappaport and Milstein (1992). The authors also discuss the effects of using directional antennas at the portable unit. Throughout the paper the authors use phased arrays and steerable, fixed pattern antennas to approximate the performance of adaptive antennas in multipath-free environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Signal interpretation for monitoring and diagnosis, a cooling system testbed (2003)

This paper discusses our method for monitoring and diagnosis of dynamic systems. A key aspect in our approach is the interaction between a qualitative diagnosis engine that requires symbolic input data and a monitoring component that performs a signal to symbol transformation on the observed signals. We have applied the methodology to the cooling system of an automobile engine on which we have installed thermocouples and pressure sensors. Faults can be introduced into the cooling system in a controlled manner. We show that a combination of linear approximation techniques and statistical signal processing can provide robust symbolic signal values for the diagnosis algorithm.
The study of mobility-tin, trade-off in deeply scaled high-k / metal gate devices and scaling design guideline for 22nm-node generation (2006)

The trade-off between T inv scaling and carrier mobility (μ) degradation in deeply scaled HK/MG nMOSFETs has been investigated based on experimental results. I on , components are analyzed in terms of N S , v inj and SCE in L g = 25nm devices for the first time. As a result, it is clarified that the aggressive T inv scaling can achieve the performance improvement even if μ degradation occurs in some degree, because μ impact decreases with L g and T inv scaling impact becomes strong. Furthermore, we have introduced the effective T inv scaling (novel SiON) process and demonstrated its excellent device performance (I on 1mA/µm @I off =l00nA/µm, L g 25nm, V dd =LOV, A vt ==1.8mVµm, T inv 1.13nm, without any performance booster technology).
Evaluation of Acute Cardiac and Chest Wall Damage after Shocks with a Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator in Swine (2013)

Although CK-MM suggested more skeletal muscle injury in S-ICD pigs, significant cardiac, lung, and chest wall histopathological changes were not detected in either group. Troponin I data indicate significantly less cardiac injury from 80-J S-ICD shocks than 35-J transvenous shocks.
The Effect of Polymeric Nanoparticles on Biocompatibility of Carrier Red Blood Cells (2016)

Red blood cells (RBCs) can be used for vascular delivery of encapsulated or surface-bound drugs and carriers. Coupling to RBC prolongs circulation of nanoparticles (NP, 200 nm spheres, a conventional model of polymeric drug delivery carrier) enabling their transfer to the pulmonary vasculature without provoking overt RBC elimination. However, little is known about more subtle and potentially harmful effects of drugs and drug carriers on RBCs. Here we devised high-throughput in vitro assays to determine the sensitivity of loaded RBCs to osmotic stress and other damaging insults that they may encounter in vivo (e.g. mechanical, oxidative and complement insults). Sensitivity of these tests is inversely proportional to RBC concentration in suspension and our results suggest that mouse RBCs are more sensitive to damaging factors than human RBCs. Loading RBCs by NP at 1:50 ratio did not affect RBCs, while 10-50 fold higher NP load accentuated RBC damage by mechanical, osmotic and oxidative stress. This extensive loading of RBC by NP also leads to RBCs agglutination in buffer; however, addition of albumin diminished this effect. These results provide a template for analyses of the effects of diverse cargoes loaded on carrier RBCs and indicate that: i) RBCs can tolerate carriage of NP at doses providing loading of millions of nanoparticles per microliter of blood; ii) tests using protein-free buffers and mouse RBCs may overestimate adversity that may be encountered in humans.
Novel Initial Acquisition Scheme for Impulse Based UWB Systems (2004)

In this paper a novel initial acquisition scheme which reduces the acquisition time of the sliding correlator in impulse based ultra wide band (UWB) systems is proposed. In the proposed scheme pulse signals for acquisition as well as for information are transmitted. The acquisition scheme is divided into two stages. In the first stage, the correlator is synchronized with the pulse signals for acquisition. Based on the timing information of the pulse signals for acquisition, the timing of the pulse signals for information is determined in the second stage. Consequently the acquisition time can be reduced.
File-based network collaboration system (1995)

Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) requires coordinated access to shared information over computer networks; such networks have tended to use wires, but wireless networks are now becoming common. There are a large number of tools aimed at helping users to work cooperatively but these tend to be application specific, leading to proliferation and requiring a large amount of development effort. A more general purpose mechanism would keep the number of tools manageable, and would obviate the need to develop a completely new tool for each problem area. Data security is also a very important requirement in distributed systems. A solution to the problems of cooperative working must take this security requirement into account. This paper describes a mechanism aimed at both problems: a general purpose tool for cooperative working that is more secure than existing proposals. Our approach is novel in that we do not require explicit locking, which can lead to a number of problems, particularly in distributed systems, as we shall explain. Client routines act upon user requests to insert or delete blocks in a file, and request a file-server to modify a shared file according to those requests. The file-server receives encrypted requests asynchronously and merges these requests into the current version of the document without decrypting the requests. Indeed, an interesting feature of our proposal is that the server could not decrypt the content of these requests even if it wanted to. We call this mechanism &amp;quot;privacy enhanced merging&amp;quot;. Our current implementation includes a concurrent editing application that we call &amp;quot;Network BBS&amp;quot;; the server is able to make use of a conventional file-system. This is an experimental tool of our proposed &amp;quot;Collaborative File System&amp;quot;. 1.
Figure S5 from High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Triggers Immune Sensitization of Refractory Murine Neuroblastoma to Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S5. Tumor growth curves of left and right limbs of mice with bilateral tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Fine Molecular Specificity of Linear and Assembled Antibody Binding Sites in HIV‐1 p24 (1991)

A set of seven murine monoclonal antibodies were generated against a chemically synthesized 11-kDa 104-mer peptide covering the C-terminal residues 270-373 of the p24 gag protein (HIV-1BRU strain). All monoclonal antibodies recognized HIV-1IIIB infected MOLT3 cells by fluorescence and gave positive Western blot signals with viral gag peptides (p55 and/or p24). Oligopeptide binding regions were located with competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Detailed epitope scanning analyses (the Geysen technique) were performed by serological testing of the monoclonal antibodies against 99 overlapping hexapeptides which corresponded to the entire 104-mer region. The antibodies bound to p24 peptide sequences located within the 275-293 and 351-368 regions. One antibody (LH104-B) which reacted with residues 357-362 bound to p55 alone. In contrast, another antibody (LH104-I), which recognized the residues 358-363, i.e. with five out of six residues in common with antibody LH104-B for its epitope region, reacted exclusively with p24. At least two of the antibodies (LH104-C and -A) which bound to p24 alone, apparently recognized conformational epitopes. They gave positive reactions with the regions 288-293/351-356 and 284-289/351-356, respectively. This work shows that chemical synthesis of large peptides is a viable alternative approach to immunochemical studies of viral proteins.
Ebola Mysteries and Conundrums (2018)

In this issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Hoff et al report results of a survey of serological markers for Ebola virus (EBOV) among healthcare workers in the Boende Health Zone of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) [1]. The study was conducted in the aftermath of the seventh outbreak of Ebola in the DRC since the discovery of EBOV there in 1976. This outbreak occurred between 24 August 2014 and 20 November 2014 and included 38 laboratory-confirmed cases and 28 probable cases with 49 deaths (nominal case-fatality rate, 74%) in the villages of Watsi Kengo, Lokolia, Boende, and Boende Muke of Equateur Province. While this outbreak in the DRC occurred simultaneously with the massive 2013-2016 West African outbreak, EBOV genomic sequencing revealed no epidemiological link between the outbreaks [2]. Inexplicably, 2014 Boende EBOV is phylogenetically similar to EBOVs isolated during the 1995-1996 outbreaks in Middle Africa. Such sequence similarity is much greater than expected, given the rate of EBOV evolution determined previously [3], indicating that the EBOV causing the Boende outbreak evolved at a lower rate than EBOVs involved in subsequent outbreaks. The now uncertain evolutionary trajectory of EBOV
NMR multiple quantum coherences in quasi-one-dimensional spin systems: Comparison with ideal spin-chain dynamics (2009)

The 19F spins in a crystal of fluorapatite have often been used to experimentally approximate a one-dimensional spin system. Under suitable multi-pulse control, the nuclear spin dynamics may be modeled to first approximation by a double-quantum one-dimensional Hamiltonian, which is analytically solvable for nearest-neighbor couplings. Here, we use solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to investigate the multiple quantum coherence dynamics of fluorapatite, with an emphasis on understanding the region of validity for such a simplified picture. Using experimental, numerical, and analytical methods, we explore the effects of long-range intra-chain couplings, cross-chain couplings, as well as couplings to a spin environment, all of which tend to damp the oscillations of the multiple quantum coherence signal at sufficiently long times. Our analysis characterizes the extent to which fluorapatite can faithfully simulate a one-dimensional quantum wire.
Synthesis of functional polymer particles by dispersion polymerization in organic media: A tool toward stable electrophoretic inks (2013)

In this article, a simple route to obtain particles in one step from functional ionizable monomers in organic media by the use of acrylate-based macroinitiator synthesized by nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization is presented. Different positively ionizable monomers like 4-vinylpyridine, (dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate, or negatively ionizable ones like methacrylic acid and acrylic acid were tested. Several parameters were studied to control the particles size, their stability in different organic media, and the possibility to crosslink them. Finally, well-defined, depending of conditions, functional latexes in organic media were produced in a simple way. This synthetic process constitutes the first step to produce electrophoretic inks for display applications such as electronic paper. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 4608–4617
GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice characterization by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (1993)

Variable angle of incidence spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) was used to determine the thickness, alloy composition, and growth quality of multilayer samples. These samples contained a single quantum well grown on a GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice. The superlattice layers were modeled as a bulk Al GaAs layer of unknown composition and thickness. A data fitting procedure allowed the variation of five layer thicknesses and two alloy compositions in a regression analysis. Extremely good data fits of the ellipsometric parameters * and A were realized in the 1.55 to 3.54 eV spectral range. Computer generations of the ellipsometric parameters were performed, and were compared with experimental results. The e-hh(1), e-lh (1), and e-hh(2) exciton transitions were observed in the VASE data measured at room temperature. VASE has thus provided a nondestructive and highly effective technique for characterizing intricate multilayered structures.
Reactions of prop-2-yne-1-sulphonyl chloride with α-morpholinostyrene (1973)

The reaction between prop-2-yne-1-sulphonyl chloride and α-morpholinostyrene was performed (a) in the presence of an equimolar amount of triethylamine at 0° to give 4-acetyl-3-phenyl-2H-thiet 1,1-dioxide (7) and 1-morpholino-1-phenyl-3-thiahex-1-en-5-yne 3,3-dioxide (3) or the corresponding 3-thiahex-1-en-5-one dioxide (6), depending on the work-up conditions; and (b) at –30° with triethylamine and sulphonyl chloride in a 3:1 ratio to give 3-morpholino-3-phenyl-2-vinylidenethietan 1,1-dioxide (11) and the open-chain sulphone (6). The origin of the products is discussed. Compound (11) and 1-morpholino-1 -phenyl-3-thiahexa-1,4,5-triene 3,3-dioxide (10) are shown to be the possible precursors of the sulphones (7) and (6), respectively.