gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zero-Shot Controlled Generation with Encoder-Decoder Transformers (2021)

Controlling neural network-based models for natural language generation (NLG) has broad applications in numerous areas such as machine translation, document summarization, and dialog systems. Approaches that enable such control in a zero-shot manner would be of great importance as, among other reasons, they remove the need for additional annotated data and training. In this work, we propose novel approaches for controlling encoder-decoder transformer-based NLG models in zero-shot. This is done by introducing three control knobs, namely, attention biasing, decoder mixing, and context augmentation, that are applied to these models at generation time. These knobs control the generation process by directly manipulating trained NLG models (e.g., biasing cross-attention layers) to realize the desired attributes in the generated outputs. We show that not only are these NLG models robust to such manipulations, but also their behavior could be controlled without an impact on their generation performance. These results, to the best of our knowledge, are the first of their kind. Through these control knobs, we also investigate the role of transformer decoder's self-attention module and show strong evidence that its primary role is maintaining fluency of sentences generated by these models. Based on this hypothesis, we show that alternative architectures for transformer decoders could be viable options. We also study how this hypothesis could lead to more efficient ways for training encoder-decoder transformer models.
Calibration of Fish-Eye Stereo Camera for Aurora Observation (2013)

Three-dimensional measurement of aurora, includ- ing its altitude is so difficult that it has not been done before. In this paper, we propose to observe aurora using a fish-eye stereo camera system which can acquire a panoramic view of the sky in a single shot. Stereo observation needs the information of posture of each camera constructing a stereo system. Therefore, we propose a method to estimate the posture of the camera by using stars as calibration targets. Experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Measurement of the Drell-Yan triple-differential cross section in pp collisions at s=8$$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV (2017)

This paper presents a measurement of the triple-differential cross section for the Drell-Yan process Z/ * + -where is an electron or a muon. The measurement is performed for invariant masses of the lepton pairs, m , between 46 and 200 GeV using a sample of 20.2 fb -1 of pp collisions data at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012. The data are presented in bins of invariant mass, absolute dilepton rapidity, |y |, and the angular variable cos * between the outgoing lepton and the incoming quark in the Collins-Soper frame. The measurements are performed in the range |y | < 2.4 in the muon channel, and extended to |y | < 3.6 in the electron channel. The cross sections are used to determine the Z boson forward-backward asymmetry as a function of |y | and m . The measurements achieve high-precision, below the percent level in the pole region, excluding the uncertainty in the integrated luminosity, and are in agreement with predictions. These precision data are sensitive to the parton distribution functions and the effective weak mixing angle.
T-cell-mediated immune responses in alloepithelial rejection after murine keratoepithelioplasty. (1999)

Allograft rejection after keratoepithelioplasty appears to be mediated primarily by DTH responses, with CTL responses playing only a minor role perhaps in modifying the development of rejection.
Krylov and predictive sequential least-squares methods for dimensionality reduction in adaptive signal processing and system identification (2006)

Rapid time variation of the environment, a large number of parameters which need to be adjusted, and the presence of a reduced subset of the parameters that are relevant at any point in time create significant challenges for adaptive signal-processing algorithms in underwater acoustic applications. In applications such as underwater acoustic communications, the environment is represented by the ‘‘taps’’ of the time-varying impulse response. The instability of estimation algorithms or inability to track rapid channel fluctuations are among the problems that are encountered. An approach to addressing these challenges is to dynamically select a subspace in which the adjustment of taps takes place. Here, two algorithms for doing this are presented. The first is based upon using subspace basis vectors, which form a Krylov subspace with respect to the channel input correlation matrix and the channel input/output correlation vector. This method does not use a prediction residual error to select the basis vectors. A second algorithm is a new variant of the matching pursuit algorithm. In this case, ‘‘important’’ taps of the channel impulse response are selected to minimize a forward prediction residual error. The properties and performance of these two algorithms are presented and compared using simulation and field data.
Micromechanical modeling of PMN-32%PT ceramic based on single crystal properties (2006)

The behavior of ferroelectric ceramic materials is governed by complex multiscale phenomena. At the macroscale, the constitutive behavior displays time dependent coupling between stress, electric field and temperature. This behavior is dependent on composition, microstructure and dopants. Plasticity based macroscale phenomenological models utilize the concept of internal state variables and their evolution to represent the volume average behavior. These models include many variables that must be determined through a combination of experiment and micromechanical modeling. At the mesoscale, the microstructure plays an important role in the material behavior. Grains form during the sintering process and porosity can occur at grain boundaries. Upon cooling, the material undergoes a phase transformation to a ferroelectric state. Domains form within grains to minimize intergranular stress and electric fields. Within a single domain, the material behavior is governed by the crystal structure and the local fields. Micromechanics approaches connect the mesoscale with the macroscale. Micromechanical models utilize single crystal behavior and a self consistent approach to handling intergranular stress and electric fields to simulate the macroscopic behavior. This approach considers average local fields and utilizes volume fractions of domain types to characterize the state. This work implements measured single crystal behavior in a micromechanics code to predict the macroscopic material behavior. Specimens of the same composition are characterized under combined stress and electric field loading and the results are discussed.
An access-sequence control scheme to enhance random-access performance of embedded DRAM's (1998)

An embedded DRAM enables a high data-transfer rate since it provides an on-chip wide-bus interconnection. However, the net data-transfer rate is reduced by page misses because of the inherently large row-access time of DRAM's. We previously proposed a multibank DRAM macro based on a micromodule architecture to overcome this problem. The pipelined access of the DRAM macro is especially useful for regular access in graphics applications. In this paper, we propose an access-sequence control scheme which enhances the random-access performance of embedded DRAMs. Access ID numbers, an access queue register, and a write-data buffer combined with the multibank DRAM enable out-of-sequence access which reduces the page-miss penalty during random access. In the case of four successive accesses, the estimated total access time was, respectively, reduced by up to 38 and 32% for one and two page misses, and for five successive accesses with one or two page misses, it was, respectively, reduced by up to 44 and 45%.
MP25-05 ACTIVATION OF INFLAMMASOME BY OXALATE AND CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS IN AN ANIMAL MODEL (2014)

You have accessJournal of UrologyStone Disease: Basic Research II1 Apr 2014MP25-05 ACTIVATION OF INFLAMMASOME BY OXALATE AND CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS IN AN ANIMAL MODEL Sunil Joshi, Wei Wang, Ammon Peck, and Saeed Khan Sunil JoshiSunil Joshi More articles by this author , Wei WangWei Wang More articles by this author , Ammon PeckAmmon Peck More articles by this author , and Saeed KhanSaeed Khan More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.307AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES We have been studying the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in renal injury and inflammation following exposure to oxalate (Ox) and calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in the rat kidneys in order to figure out the pathogenesis of CaOx nephrolithiasis. In this study we looked at the role of ROS in activation of Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing -3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and associated genes involved in inflammation in order to understand the induced inflammatory responses in the kidneys. METHODS We used eight week old male rats (n=6/group) in this study. One group was given hydroxy-l-proline (HLP) to induce hyperoxaluria and CaOx crystal deposition in the kidneys. Another group of rats getting HLP diet were also given Apocynin-supplemented water with the third group used as control. Rats were euthanized on day 28 and kidneys were extracted. Microarray analysis was conducted using Illumina bead array readerTM. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and the pathway analysis of the genes was done using DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization of Integrated Discovery) enrichment analysis tool. RT-PCR and Immunohistochemical Staining was also done to verify the microarray analysis results. RESULTS We analyzed a total of 22,226 genes by microarray analysis and found that the genes encoding for NLRP3, ASC (apoptosis –associated spec-like protein containing a CARD), TXNIP (Thioredoxin-interacting protein), caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly up regulated in HLP-fed rats, but the group receiving apocynin had these genes down regulated in the cortex and medulla respectively. RT-PCR and Immunohistochemical staining was also done for NLRP3, ASC, TXNIP, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 to confirm the microarray data. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the role of ROS in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome leading to a robust inflammatory response in the kidneys of rats with hyperoxaluria and CaOx nephrolithiasis. © 2014FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 191 Issue 4S April 2014 Page: e268 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2014Metrics Author Information Sunil Joshi More articles by this author Wei Wang More articles by this author Ammon Peck More articles by this author Saeed Khan More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
On‐line voltage stability index based on the voltage equation of transmission lines (2016)

This study proposes a new voltage stability index based on the voltage equation of transmission lines. The proposed index is obtained by using the characteristic that the sensitivity of voltage to power at the voltage collapse point tends to be infinite. Furthermore, the proposed index is also validated in the case of inverse power flow, and the condition of monotonicity is discussed. Simulation results in a single branch system, a 10‐bus system and a regional power system verify the effectiveness of the proposed on‐line voltage index. The simulation results also show that the proposed index is better than the on‐line branch voltage stability index and is more promising for use in industry. The proposed index can be readily calculated from the measurements at the two terminals of the branch, which can be obtained with PMUs. Hence it is suitable for online applications. Finally, issues related to the practical application of the proposed index are discussed.
The effect of a randomised controlled lifestyle intervention on weight loss and plasma proneurotensin (2022)

NCT01420198. Date of registration 19/08/2011. The performance and results of this trial conform to the CONSORT 2010 guidelines.
Site of vulnerability on SARS-CoV-2 spike induces broadly protective antibody against antigenically distinct Omicron subvariants (2023)

The rapid evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variants has emphasized the need to identify antibodies with broad neutralizing capabilities to inform future monoclonal therapies and vaccination strategies. Herein, we identified S728-1157, a broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) targeting the receptor-binding site (RBS) that was derived from an individual previously infected with WT SARS-CoV-2 prior to the spread of variants of concern (VOCs). S728-1157 demonstrated broad cross-neutralization of all dominant variants, including D614G, Beta, Delta, Kappa, Mu, and Omicron (BA.1/BA.2/BA.2.75/BA.4/BA.5/BL.1/XBB). Furthermore, S728-1157 protected hamsters against in vivo challenges with WT, Delta, and BA.1 viruses. Structural analysis showed that this antibody targets a class 1/RBS-A epitope in the receptor binding domain via multiple hydrophobic and polar interactions with its heavy chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR-H3), in addition to common motifs in CDR-H1/CDR-H2 of class 1/RBS-A antibodies. Importantly, this epitope was more readily accessible in the open and prefusion state, or in the hexaproline (6P)-stabilized spike constructs, as compared with diproline (2P) constructs. Overall, S728-1157 demonstrates broad therapeutic potential and may inform target-driven vaccine designs against future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
(Invited) Fabrication and Characterization of Transparent Fluorescence Nanocomposite Film Containing Inorganic Phosphor Nanoparticles (2016)

Nano-sized inorganic phosphors possess good photostability and thermal stability as compared with organic dyes and metal complexes. They exhibit high transparency due to low light scattering intensity in the visible region. A transparent fluorescence film of phosphor nanoparticles with a function of conversion from near UV light to visible light are therefore suitable candidates for applications to spectral down-shifters in white LEDs and photovoltaic devices. To fabricate the transparent nanocomposite film, the phosphor nanoparticles must be well-dispersed without their aggregation because light scattering intensity is proportional to the sixth power of a particle diameter according to Rayleigh’s theory. Nanoparticles aggregate easily in a solution due to their high surface energy. To solve this problem, we use electrostatic repulsion between charged nanoparticle surfaces. In this presentation, we discuss fabrication and characterization of transparent fluorescence nanocomposite films containing phosphor nanoparticles in a matrix.
Core2 O-Glycan Structure Is Essential for the Cell Surface Expression of Sucrase Isomaltase and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV during Intestinal Cell Differentiation (2010)

Alterations in glycosylation play an important role during intestinal cell differentiation. Here, we compared expression of mucin-type O-glycan synthases from proliferating and differentiated HT-29 and Caco-2 cells. Mucin-type O-glycan structures were analyzed at both stages by mass spectrometry. Core2 β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-2 (C2GnT-2) was markedly increased in differentiated HT-29 and Caco-2 cells, but the core3 structure was hardly detectable. To determine whether such differential expression of mucin-type O-glycan structures has physiological significance in intestinal cell differentiation, expression of sucrase isomaltase (SI) and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV), two well known intestinal differentiation markers, was examined. Interestingly, the fully glycosylated mature form of SI was decreased in C2GnT-2 knock-out mice but not in core2 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-3 (C2GnT-3) nulls. In addition, expression of SI and DPP-IV was dramatically reduced in C2GnT-1-3 triple knock-out mice. These patterns were confirmed by RNAi analysis; C2GnT-2 knockdown significantly reduced cell surface expression of SI and DPP-IV in Caco-2 cells. Similarly, overexpression of the core3 structure in HT-29 cells attenuated cell surface expression of both enzymes. These findings indicate that core3 O-glycan structure regulates cell surface expression of SI and DPP-IV and that core2 O-glycan is presumably an essential mucin-type O-glycan structure found in both molecules in vivo. Finally, goblet cells in the upper part of the crypt showed impaired maturation in the core2 O-glycan-deficient mice. These studies are the first to clearly identify functional mucin-type O-glycan structures modulating cell surface expression of SI and DPP-IV during the intestinal cell differentiation.
Successful Installation of Horizontal Openhole Gravel-Pack Completions in Low Fracture Gradient Environment: A Case History from Deepwater West Africa (2018)

Abstract This paper presents the design and execution of an openhole gravel-pack completion campaign in deepwater West Africa. Based on field history and past challenges, a novel approach was implemented to address the low fracture gradient. Various aspects of the gravel pack design are discussed - drilling and gravel pack fluid selection, screen selection, openhole displacement, filtercake removal, placement technique, and pumping design. The placement method uses screens with shunt tubes, an existing technology, that was deployed in an unconventional manner. Post treatment evaluation and analysis are also presented. Results are compared to conventional gravel pack placement and to previous wells from this field. The success of the first completion enabled an increase in openhole length in subsequent wells. The understanding of the packing sequence was consolidated after each well, driving the optimization of the pumping schedule.
High-Speed Dense Stereo Via Directional Center-Biased Support Windows on Programmable Graphics Hardware (2007)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Preparation of micron-size polystyrene particles in supercritical carbon dioxide (1999)

The dispersion polymerization of styrene in supercritical CO2 utilizing poly(1,1-dihydroperfluorooctyl acrylate) (p-FOA) as a polymeric stabilizer was investigated as well as poly(1,1-dihydroperfluorooctyl methacrylate) (p-FOMA). The resulting high yield (>85%) of spherical and relatively uniform polystyrene (PS) particles with micron-size range (2.9–9.6 µm) was formed for 40 h at 370 bar using various amounts of p-FOA and p-FOMA as a stabilizer with good stability until the end of the reaction. The particle diameter was shown to be dependent on the weight percent of added stabilizer. Previously, we reported that p-FOA was not effective for the dispersion polymerization of styrene as a stabilizer. Here, we find that p-FOA can indeed be an effective stabilizer for the dispersion polymerization of styrene in supercritical CO2, but the pressure necessary to achieve good stability is higher than pressure used by us previously. This study suggests the possibility that fluorinated acrylic homopolymers are effective for the dispersion polymerization of various kinds of monomers as a stabilizer. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2429–2437, 1999
Projected light displays using visual feedback (2004)

A system of coordinated projectors and cameras enables the creation of projected light displays that are robust to environmental disturbances. This paper describes approaches for tackling both geometric and photometric aspects of the problem: (1) the projected image remains stable even when the system components (projector, camera or screen) are moved; (2) the display automatically removes shadows caused by users moving between a projector and the screen, while simultaneously suppressing projected light on the user. The former can be accomplished without knowing the positions of the system components. The latter can be achieved without direct observation of the occluder. We demonstrate that the system responds quickly to environmental disturbances and achieves low steady-state errors.
Burst-Dependent Plasticity and Dendritic Amplification Support Target-Based Learning and Hierarchical Imitation Learning (2022)

The brain can learn to solve a wide range of tasks with high temporal and energetic efficiency. However, most biological models are composed of simple single-compartment neurons and cannot achieve the state-of-the-art performances of artificial intelligence. We propose a multi-compartment model of pyramidal neuron, in which bursts and dendritic input segregation give the possibility to plausibly support a biological target-based learning. In target-based learning, the internal solution of a problem (a spatio-temporal pattern of bursts in our case) is suggested to the network, bypassing the problems of error backpropagation and credit assignment. Finally, we show that this neuronal architecture naturally supports the orchestration of “hierarchical imitation learning”, enabling the decomposition of challenging long-horizon decision-making tasks into simpler subtasks.
Hepatitis B Virus Genotype C Takes a More Aggressive Disease Course Than Hepatitis B Virus Genotype B in Hepatitis B e Antigen-Positive Patients (2003)

One hundred forty-six hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients were followed up for 32 +/- 13 months. All six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C. Disease activity was greater in patients infected by HBV genotype C than in those infected by HBV genotype B in the HBeAg-positive phase but not after HBeAg seroconversion.
Photon energy readings in OSL dosimeter filters: an application to retrospective dose estimation for nuclear medicine workers (2018)

This work investigates the applicability of using data from personal monitoring dosimeters to assess photon energies to which medical workers were exposed. Such determinations would be important for retrospective assessments of organ doses to be used in occupational radiation epidemiology studies, particularly in the absence of work history or other information regarding the energy of the radiation source. Monthly personal dose equivalents and filter ratios under two different metallic filters contained in the Luxel+<sup>®</sup> dosimeter were collected from Landauer, Inc. from 19 nuclear medicine (NM) technologists employed by three medical institutions, the institution A only performing traditional NM imaging (primarily using <sup>99m</sup> Tc) and institutions B and C also performing positron emission tomography (PET, using <sup>18</sup>F). Calibration data of the Luxel+<sup>®</sup> dosimeter for various xray spectra were used to establish ranges of filter ratios from 1.1 to 1.6 for <sup>99m</sup> Tc and below 1.1 for <sup>18</sup>F. Median filter ratios were 1.33 (Interquartile range (IQR), 0.15) for institution A, 1.08 (IQR, 0.16) for institution B, and 1.08 (IQR, 0.14) for institution C. The distributions of these filter ratios were statistically-significantly different between the institution A only performing traditional NM imaging and institutions B and C also performing PET imaging. In this proof-of-concept study, filter ratios from personal monitoring dosimeters were used to assess differences in photon energies to which NM technologists were exposed. Dosimeters from technologists only performing traditional NM procedures mostly showed Al/Cu filter ratios above 1.2, those likely performing only PET in a particular month had filter ratios below 1.1, and those which showed filter ratios between 1.1 and 1.2 likely came from technologists rotating between traditional NM and PET imaging in the same month. These results suggest that it is possible to distinguish technologists who only worked with higher-energy procedures versus those who only worked with other types of NM procedures.