gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optically amplified downconverting link with shot-noise-limited performance (1996)

Experimental results of a 12-GHz downconverting optical link are presented that demonstrate shot-noise-limited performance at a maximum total photoreceiver current of 72 mA. A balanced photoreceiver is utilized to reject both laser intensity noise and noise added by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The receiver was constructed of four commercial 2-GHz photodetectors, each capable of detecting greater than 20 mA of average photocurrent with less than I-dB compression in received RF power.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vinca Alkaloids and Related Compounds. Part 94. Epimerization of Compounds with Aspidospermane and D‐Secoaspidospermane Skeleton. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dynamics of Magnetic Drug Targeting in Cardiovascular Flows (2007)

In spite of the level of sophistication and development of medicine, the effective delivery of drugs remains an unsolved problem. The conventional method to deliver drugs is to inject them intravenously to the patient, or administer a pill capsule. The medicine diffuses through the bloodstream without regard to the location of the malady. For many types of diseases, the inefficiency of this method leads to increased dosage requirements, which can cause the patient to experience adverse side effects.
Three-dimensional Structure of MecI (2003)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is the main cause of nosocomial and community-onset infections that affect millions of people worldwide. Some methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections have become essentially untreatable by beta-lactams because of acquired molecular machineries enabling antibiotic resistance. Evasion from methicillin challenge is mainly achieved by the synthesis of a penicillin-binding protein of low affinity for antibiotics, MecA, that replaces regular penicillin-binding proteins in cell wall turnover when these have been inactivated by antibiotics. MecA synthesis is regulated by a signal transduction system consisting of the sensor/transducer MecR1 and the 14-kDa transcriptional repressor MecI (also known as methicillin repressor) that constitutively blocks mecA transcription. The three-dimensional structure of MecI reveals a dimer of two independent winged helix domains, each of which binds a palindromic DNA-operator half site, and two intimately intertwining dimerization domains of novel spiral staircase architecture, held together by a hydrophobic core. Limited proteolytic cleavage by cognate MecR1 within the dimerization domains results in loss of dimer interaction surface, dissociation, and repressor release, which triggers MecA synthesis. Structural information on components of the MecA regulatory pathway, in particular on methicillin repressor, the ultimate transcriptional trigger of mecA-encoded methicillin resistance, is expected to lead to the development of new antimicrobial drugs.
Novel data stream techniques for real time HF radio weather statistics and forecasting (2009)

The HF radio environment often exhibits dramatic changes that span over many different time scales, ranging from milliseconds (burst radio transmissions) to about eleven years (the solar cycle). It is desirable to obtain statistics of this HF "radio weather" in order to make reliable forecasts. We have used real time data from a vector antenna in Uppsala, Sweden, to measure intensity, polarization, and direction of arrival of sources in the 100 kHz to 20 MHz frequency range. The digitized antenna signals are distributed over the internet and the real time processing is performed using a novel streaming data base manager, System S from IBM. The initial results of this research project are presented and its future applications are discussed.
System and Cross-Layer Design for Mobile Video Transmission (2008)

This work investigates system designs and optimizations for the application of video services in mobile communication systems. Special focus is put on the cooperation and optimization of functions in different layers of a transmission system taking into account the service requirements of different video applications. Based on channel models that are derived from state-of-the-art and emerging mobile communication systems, we introduce suitable transmission and video coding methods. In particular, the co-developed H.264/AVC video coding standard as well as a proprietary scalable extension are intensively analyzed for their applicability in mobile and Internet communication environments. Innovative error protection tools are designed which enable adaptation to the varying reception conditions in mobile communication environments and enable the cross-layer optimization with the proposed video coding tools. The selection of video coding and error protection options as well as their cooperation is supported by the development of quality-optimizing selection and rate allocation schemes. The findings in this work are verified by information-theoretic justifications, practically relevant system designs, as well as extensive simulation results. The benefits of the proposed methods with respect to existing systems are shown and the realizable gains are quantified.
Dexamethasone and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Act Together to Induce the Cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis-2 Gene and Prevent Apoptosis in a Variety of Cell Types (2002)

Using microarray technology, we analyzed 12,000 genes for regulation by TNF-alpha and the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, in the human lung epithelial cell line, A549. Only one gene was induced by both agents, the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2 (c-IAP2), which was induced 17-fold and 5-fold by TNF-alpha at 2 h and 24 h, respectively, and increased 14-fold and 9-fold by dexamethasone at 2 h and 24 h, respectively. The combination of the two agents together led to an additive increase (34-fold) at 2 h and a more than additive effect (36-fold) at 24 h. The human c-IAP2 promoter contains two nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB sites that have been shown to be required for transcriptional activation by TNF-alpha. To test whether glucocorticoids regulate the c-IAP2 gene at the level of the promoter, a reporter vector containing 947 bases upstream of the start site of transcription of the human c-IAP2 promoter was linked to luciferase [IAP(-947-+54)-LUC] and transfected into A549 cells. Dexamethasone and TNF-alpha each induced reporter activity, whereas the combination of the two agents led to greater induction of luciferase than either one alone. Truncation of the promoter region containing a putative glucocorticoid response element (GRE) at -515 [IAP(-395-+54)-LUC] or mutation of the GRE in the context of the natural promoter [IAP(-947-+54mutGRE)-LUC] resulted in a loss of dexamethasone-mediated induction of reporter activity. Although the functional NF-kappaB sites were retained in the truncated and mutant c-IAP2 promoter constructs, dexamethasone did not inhibit the TNF-alpha induction of luciferase activity, indicating that GR repression through the NF-kappaB sites did not occur. Regulation of the c-IAP2 gene is therefore unique, as GR and NF-kappaB signaling pathways are usually mutually antagonistic, not cooperative. Treatment of A549 cells with TNF-alpha and/or dexamethasone had no effect on cell death, but the two agents were able to inhibit interferon-gamma/anti-FAS antibody-mediated apoptosis. In human glioblastoma A172 cells, TNF-alpha and dexamethasone together elicited a greater than additive increase in c-IAP2 mRNA levels and also inhibited anti-FAS antibody-mediated A172 cell apoptosis. In contrast, in human CEM-C7 leukemic T cells, whereas TNF-alpha and dexamethasone treatment also led to an increase in c-IAP2 mRNA, the two agents were able to induce apoptosis on their own. However, TNF-alpha and dexamethasone were also able to blunt anti-FAS-induced apoptosis in the T cells. These data indicate that the induction of the antiapoptotic protein, c-IAP2, by glucocorticoids and TNF-alpha correlates with the ability of these agents to inhibit apoptosis in a variety of cell types.
Query-aware partitioning for monitoring massive network data streams (2008)

Data Stream Management Systems (DSMS) are gaining acceptance for applications that need to process very large volumes of data in real time. The load generated by such applications frequently exceeds by far the computation capabilities of a single centralized server. In particular, a single-server instance of our DSMS, Gigascope, cannot keep up with the processing demands of the new OC-786 networks, which can generate more than 100 million packets per second. In this paper, we explore a mechanism for the distributed processing of very high speed data streams.
Design, Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, and Pre-Formulation Development of Poly-L-Arginine-Fatty Acyl Derivatives of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (2014)

The objective of this work was to design conjugates of anti-HIV nucleosides conjugated with fatty acids and cell-penetrating poly-L-arginine (polyArg) peptides. Three conjugates of polyArg cell-penetrating peptides with fatty acyl derivatives of alovudine (FLT), lamivudine (3TC), and emtricitabine (FTC) were synthesized. In general, the compounds exhibited anti-HIV activity against X4 and R5 cell-free virus with EC50 values of 1.5-16.6 μM. FLT-CO-(CH2)12-CO-(Arg)7 exhibited EC50 values of 2.9 μM and 3.1 μM against X4 and R5 cell-free virus, respectively. The FLT conjugate was selected for further preformulation studies by determination of solution state degradation and lipid solubility. The compound was found to be stable in neutral and oxidative conditions and moderately stable in heated conditions.
Lossless sliding-block compression of constrained systems (2000)

A method is presented for designing lossless sliding-block compression schemes that map constrained sequences onto unconstrained ones. The new compression scheme is incorporated into a coding technique for noisy constrained channels, which has applications to magnetic and optical storage. As suggested previously by Immink (see ibid., vol.43, p.1389-99, 1997), the use of a lossless compression code can improve the performance of a modified concatenation scheme where the positions of the error-correcting code and constrained code are reversed (primarily in order to eliminate error propagation due to the constrained code). Examples are presented that demonstrate the advantage of using sliding-block compression over block compression in a noisy constrained setting.
Sleep disordered breathing controlled by CPAP and sFlt-1 in a pregnant patient with chronic hypertension: Case report and literature review (2017)

Continuous positive airway pressure treatment controlled sleep disordered breathing in a high risk pregnant woman with chronic hypertension with no increase in soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 concentrations.
Agility of vortex-based nanocontact spin torque oscillators (2009)

We study the agility of current-tunable oscillators based on a magnetic vortex orbiting around a point contact in spin-valves. Theory predicts frequency-tuning by currents occurs at constant orbital radius, so an exceptional agility is anticipated. To test this, we have inserted an oscillator in a microwave interferometer to apply abrupt current variations while time resolving its emission. Using frequency shift keying, we show that the oscillator can switch between two stabilized frequencies differing by 25% in less than ten periods. With a wide frequency tunability and a good agility, such oscillators possess desirable figures of merit for modulation-based rf applications.
Avian Pollination Studies: A Simple Scanning Electron Microscopic Technique (1978)

Identifying ornithophilous plant species utilized by several different flower-visiting birds is simplified by the scanning electron microscope. The technique involves comparing pollen samples taken from the birds' head feathers with pollen reference standards collected in the same area, which simplifies analysis of pollination patterns in a complex community.
Gamma Delta T-Cell Based Cancer Immunotherapy: Past-Present-Future (2022)

γδ T-cells directly recognize and kill transformed cells independently of HLA-antigen presentation, which makes them a highly promising effector cell compartment for cancer immunotherapy. Novel γδ T-cell-based immunotherapies, primarily focusing on the two major γδ T-cell subtypes that infiltrate tumors (<i>i.e.</i> Vδ1 and Vδ2), are being developed. The Vδ1 T-cell subset is enriched in tissues and contains both effector T-cells as well as regulatory T-cells with tumor-promoting potential. Vδ2 T-cells, in contrast, are enriched in circulation and consist of a large, relatively homogeneous, pro-inflammatory effector T-cell subset. Healthy individuals typically harbor in the order of 50-500 million Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells in the peripheral blood alone (1-10% of the total CD3<sup>+</sup> T-cell population), which can rapidly expand upon stimulation. The Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell receptor senses intracellular phosphorylated metabolites, which accumulate in cancer cells as a result of mevalonate pathway dysregulation or upon pharmaceutical intervention. Early clinical studies investigating the therapeutic potential of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells were based on either <i>ex vivo</i> expansion and adoptive transfer or their systemic activation with aminobisphosphonates or synthetic phosphoantigens, either alone or combined with low dose IL-2. Immune-related adverse events (irAE) were generally \mild, but the clinical efficacy of these approaches provided overall limited benefit. In recent years, critical advances have renewed the excitement for the potential of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review γδ T-cell-based therapeutic strategies and discuss the prospects of those currently evaluated in clinical studies in cancer patients as well as future therapies that might arise from current promising pre-clinical results.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploitation of Microbiological Methods for the Synthesis of Biologically Active Natural Products and Analogues (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cooperative Effects and Optimal Halogen Bonding Motifs for Self-Assembling Systems (2014)

Halogen bonding, due to its directionality and tunable strength, is being increasingly utilized in self-assembling materials and crystal engineering. Using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular mechanics (OPLS/CM1Ax) calculations, multiply halogen bonded complexes of brominated imidazole and pyridine are investigated along with their potential in construction of self-assembling architectures. Dimers with 1-10 halogen bonds are considered and reveal maximal binding energies of 3-36 kcal/mol. Cooperative (nonadditive) effects are found in complexes that extend both along and perpendicular to the halogen bonding axes, with interaction energies depending on polarization, secondary interactions, and ring spacers. Four structural motifs were identified to yield optimal halogen bonding. For the largest systems, the excellent agreement found between the DFT and OPLS/CM1Ax results supports the utility of the latter approach for analysis and design of self-assembling supramolecular structures.
Translating diagnostics and drug delivery technologies to low-resource settings (2022)

Diagnostics and drug delivery technologies engineered for low-resource settings aim to meet their technical design specifications using strategies that are compatible with limited equipment, infrastructure, and operator training. Despite many preclinical successes, very few of these devices have been translated to the clinic. Here, we identify factors that contribute to the clinical success of diagnostics and drug delivery systems for low-resource settings, including the need to engage key stakeholders at an early stage, and provide recommendations for the clinical translation of future medical technologies.
Supplementary Table S2 from RLY-4008, the First Highly Selective FGFR2 Inhibitor with Activity across <i>FGFR2</i> Alterations and Resistance Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Biochemical inhibition of FGFR by RLY-4008 and pan-FGFRi&lt;/p&gt;
Quantum circuit learning as a potential algorithm to predict experimental chemical properties (2022)

We introduce quantum circuit learning (QCL) as an emerging regression algorithm for chemo- and materials-informatics. The supervised model, functioning on the rule of quantum mechanics, can process linear and smooth non-linear functions from small datasets (< 100 records). Compared with conventional algorithms, such as random forest, support vector machine, and linear regressions, the QCL can offer better predictions with some one-dimensional functions and experimental chemical databases. QCL will potentially help the virtual exploration of new molecules and materials more efficiently through its superior prediction performances.
Enhanced expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme is associated with progression of coronary atherosclerosis in humans (1997)

The strong association of enhanced ACE expression with the histologic characteristics of plaques suggests that ACE in hypercellular lesions, atheromatous plaques, and ruptured plaques contributes greatly to the further progression of atherosclerosis via an increase in vascular angiotensin II formation and inactivation of bradykinin.
Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 2-Mediated Gene Transfer to The Parotid Glands of Nonhuman Primates (2007)

Salivary glands (SGs) are promising gene transfer targets with potential clinical applicability. Previous experiments in rodents using recombinant serotype 2 adeno-associated viral (rAAV2) vectors have demonstrated relatively stable transgene-encoded protein levels after SG gene transfer. In the present study, we examine direct SG administration of rAAV2 vectors encoding rhesus macaque erythropoietin (RhEPO) to the parotid glands of nonhuman primates using two different doses (n = 3 per group; 1 x 10(10) or 3 x 10(11) particles/gland, respectively). Gene transfer had no negative effects on general macaque physiology (e.g., weight, complete blood count, and serum chemistry). Macaques were euthanized 6 months after vector administration and complete necropsy and pathology assessments were performed, revealing no vector-related pathological lesions in any of the examined organs. In the high-dose group, RhEPO expression increased quickly (i.e., by week 1) and levels remained relatively stable both in serum and saliva until the end of the study. Serum-to-saliva ratios of RhEPO revealed secretion of the transgene product into the bloodstream, but not to the extent previously observed in mice. Furthermore, the kinetic results were not predicted by those observed in murine SGs. With respect to viral biodistribution, at necropsy vector was found overwhelmingly in the targeted parotid gland ( approximately 100 times more than levels in other tissues, most of which were similar to tissue levels in nontreated animals). We conclude that administration of modest doses of rAAV2 vectors to SGs for therapeutic purposes can be accomplished without significant or permanent injury to the targeted gland or to distant organs of nonhuman primates.
Estimation from PET data of transient changes in dopamine concentration induced by alcohol: support for a non-parametric signal estimation method (2008)

We previously developed a model-independent technique (non-parametric ntPET) for extracting the transient changes in neurotransmitter concentration from paired (rest & activation) PET studies with a receptor ligand. To provide support for our method, we introduced three hypotheses of validation based on work by Endres and Carson (1998 J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 18 1196-210) and Yoder et al (2004 J. Nucl. Med. 45 903-11), and tested them on experimental data. All three hypotheses describe relationships between the estimated free (synaptic) dopamine curves (FDA(t)) and the change in binding potential (DeltaBP). The veracity of the FDA(t) curves recovered by nonparametric ntPET is supported when the data adhere to the following hypothesized behaviors: (1) DeltaBP should decline with increasing DA peak time, (2) DeltaBP should increase as the strength of the temporal correlation between FDA(t) and the free raclopride (FRAC(t)) curve increases, (3) DeltaBP should decline linearly with the effective weighted availability of the receptor sites. We analyzed regional brain data from 8 healthy subjects who received two [11C]raclopride scans: one at rest, and one during which unanticipated IV alcohol was administered to stimulate dopamine release. For several striatal regions, nonparametric ntPET was applied to recover FDA(t), and binding potential values were determined. Kendall rank-correlation analysis confirmed that the FDA(t) data followed the expected trends for all three validation hypotheses. Our findings lend credence to our model-independent estimates of FDA(t). Application of nonparametric ntPET may yield important insights into how alterations in timing of dopaminergic neurotransmission are involved in the pathologies of addiction and other psychiatric disorders.
Cooler for optics transmitting high intensity light (2023)

A system and an apparatus having an optic and a cooling system for cooling the optic. In one example an optically addressed light valve forms the optic. The cooling system includes first and second windows on opposing surfaces of the optically addressed light valve which constrain a cooling fluid to flow over the opposing surfaces. The fluid pressure outside the optically addressed light valve is low enough that it does not compress a liquid crystal gap of the optically addressed light valve. The cooling fluid is also transparent to a high powered light beam which is projected through the first and second windows, and also through the optically addressed light valve, during an additive manufacturing operation.
EPR Spectroscopy: A Powerful Tool to Analyze Supramolecular Host•Guest Complexes of Stable Radicals with Cucurbiturils (2020)

Stable organic free radicals are increasingly studied compounds due to the multiple and unusual properties imparted by the single electron(s). However, being paramagnetic, classical methods such as NMR spectroscopy can hardly be used due to relaxation and line broadening effects. EPR spectroscopy is thus better suited to get information about the immediate surroundings of the single electrons. EPR has enabled obtaining useful data in the context of host•guest chemistry, and a classical example is reported here for the stable (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidin-1-yl)oxyl or 4-oxo-TEMPO nitroxide (<b>TEMPONE</b>) inside the macrocycle host cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]). Generally and also observed here, a contraction of the spectrum is observed as a result of the reduced nitrogen coupling constant due to inclusion complexation in the hydrophobic cavity of the host. Simulations of EPR spectra allowed determining the corresponding binding constant pointing to a weaker affinity for CB[7], compared to TEMPO with CB[7]. We complement this work by the results of EPR spectroscopy of a biradical: bis-TEMPO-bis-ketal (<b>bTbk</b>) with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]). Initial investigations pointed to very weak effects on the spectrum of the guest and incorrectly led us to conclude an absence of binding. However, simulations of EPR spectra combined with NMR data of reduced <b>bTbk</b> allowed showing inclusion complexation. EPR titrations were performed, and the corresponding binding constant was determined. <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra with reduced <b>bTbk</b> suggested a shuttle mechanism, at nearly one equivalent of CB[8], for which the host moves rapidly between two stations.