gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A screening paradigm for the design of improved polymer-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (2009)

Polymer-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been used for a variety of biomedical applications, including as MRI contrast agents, for the treatment of iron anemias, and for ex vivo labeling of the cells used in cell-based therapies so that they can be tracked by MRI. Here we describe a three-stage screening paradigm to develop high potency (i.e., high relaxivity), stable, polymer-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs. Each screen examined different facets of the interaction between iron oxides and polymers. First, an Ion Challenge Screen assessed whether a polymer interacted with the surface of the iron oxide. Second, a Synthesis Optimization Screen examined whether polymers that passed the Ion Challenge Screen were compatible with the synthetic method used to make NPs, and optimized the synthetic method for each polymer. Finally, a Heat Stress/Stability Screen assessed the stability of the optimized polymer-coated superparamagnetic iron oxides that passed the Synthesis Optimization Screen. A carboxymethyl dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (CMD-NP) with a transverse relaxivity (R2) of 271 mM−1 s−1 and a diameter of 47 nm by dynamic light scattering was obtained. A second NP, a carboxymethyl polyvinyl alcohol-coated nanoparticle (CMPVA-NP) had an R2 of 119 and diameter of 37 nm, but was less stable to heat stress than the CMD-NP. The CMD-NP is a polymer-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide NP with improved relaxivity and high stability achieved without the crosslinking procedure used in our cross-linked iron oxide (CLIO) NP.
Weibull Tone Mapping (WTM) for the Enhancement of Underwater Imagery (2023)

Domain experts prefer interactive and targeted control-point tone mapping operations (TMOs) to enhance underwater image quality and feature visibility; though this comes at the expense of time and training. In this paper, we provide end-users with a simpler and faster interactive tone-mapping approach. This is built upon Weibull Tone Mapping (WTM) theory; introduced in previous work as a preferred tool to describe and improve domain expert TMOs. We allow end-users to easily shape brightness distributions according to the Weibull distribution, using two parameter sliders which modify the distribution peak and spread. Our experiments showed that 10 domain experts found the two-slider Weibull manipulation sufficed to make a desired adjustment in >80% of images in a large dataset. For the remaining ∼20%, observers opted for a control-point TMO which can, broadly, encompass many global tone mapping algorithms. Importantly, 91% of these control-point TMOs can actually be visually well-approximated by our Weibull slider manipulation, despite users not identifying slider parameters themselves. Our work stresses the benefit of the Weibull distribution and significance of image purpose in underwater image enhancement.
Additively Manufactured Near Chip Scale Interposers for DC and RF Applications (2023)

Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for printed electronics (PE) have several benefits over traditional manufacturing, namely the reduction of waste material and the increased efficiency in producing rapid prototypes. However, there are disadvantages associated with AM, including, low throughput of parts. Limited research has been done to increase the throughput to the scale of traditional manufacturing methods. A hybrid approach to manufacturing will be presented. Initially, the interposer is printed via Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) was selected as the thermoplastic filament due to its desirable thermal properties while providing acceptable dielectric loss. A process control scheme was developed to not only track the quality of the printed interposers, but to monitor the performance of the nScrypt. The layer-by-layer method of extrusion, characteristic of FDM printing, inherently creates roughness on the sides of a 3D printed part. To alleviate this issue, a planarizing layer was additively deposited onto the desired print surface of the interposer to reduce the roughness to an acceptable level for the printed silver traces. Once the interposers were planarized, A 5-axis aerosol jet printer, with a patented custom holder, was used to print the silver traces that wrap around the interposer. The finished part, which is fully additively manufactured, is installed into a PCB that is manufactured using traditional PCB methods. The interposer assembly provides a DC connection from the printed traces on the interposer to the traces on the PCB. Details of the print processes, measurements of the performance of the device, along with material and device characterization will be presented.
Determination of Nicotine in Human Saliva Using Electrochemical Sensor Modified with Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Phyllanthus reticulatus Fruit Extract (2023)

In this study, for the first time, Phyllanthus Reticulatus fruit extract was utilized as a reducing agent in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). For sample analysis, a number of approaches were employed. The synthesized Ag-NPs have a spherical shape and a homogeneous in size. The well-known crystal structure and optical energy absorption spectrum of Ag-NPs were respectively revealed by the XRD and UV-VIS analysis. This new method is simple and eco-friendly for producing silver and other noble metals in large quantities. The Ag-NPs modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared for nicotine oxidation which indicated that Ag NPs had the ability to enhance the electron transfer rate of the oxidation process. In 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH of 7.4), a significant increase in the oxidation peak current of nicotine was observed at the modified electrode. Cyclic voltammetry, amperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy characterizations showed that Ag-NPs had better electrocatalytic performance toward nicotine (NIC) oxidation with good stability, and selectivity. This sensor showed a linear response with the concentration of NIC in the range of 2.5 to 105 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 0.135 μM. The interference analysis was carried out on the Ag-NPs/GCE with various molecules like acetic acid, ascorbic acid, calcium chloride, glucose, magnesium chloride, urea, and uric acid. Hence, these molecules did not interfere with NIC detection, indicating a perfect selectivity of Ag-NPs/GCE. Moreover, the Ag-NPs/GCE sensor was effectively applied to detect NIC in a real-world sample (saliva) of a tobacco chewer. Furthermore, the Ag-NPs/GCE sensor exhibited very good stability and repeatability in human saliva samples. Finally, Ag-NPs/GCE was also successfully applied to detect spiked nicotine in saliva samples with high recovery value, indicating its high accuracy and effectiveness in NIC analysis.
Atomically Precise Silver Clusters as New SERS Substrates (2013)

An atomically precise silver cluster, Ag152 protected with thiolate ligands, was used as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. The cluster shows intense enhancement of Raman signals of crystal violet with an enhancement factor of 1.58 × 109. Adaptability of the substrate for a wide range of systems starting from dyes to biomolecules is demonstrated. Solid-state drop casting method was used here, and SERS signals were localized on the Ag152 crystallites, confirmed from Raman images. Excellent periodicity of clusters, their plasmonic nature, and absence of visible luminescence are the main reasons for this kind of large enhancement. SERS was compared with smaller clusters and larger nanoparticles, and the size regime of Ag152 was found to be optimum. Several control experiments were done to understand the SERS activity in detail. The method has wide adaptability as the cluster can be easily drop-casted on any surface like paper, cotton, and so forth to produce effective SERS media. The work suggests that atomically precise clusters, in general, can show SERS activity.
A Multimodal Scheduler for Synchronized Humanoid Robot Gesture and Speech (2011)

In order to engage in natural and fluent human-robot interaction, humanoid robot companions must be able to produce speech-accompanying non-verbal behavior including hand and arm gestures. In human communication, gestures are considered an integral part of the human thinking process. Accordingly, they are found to be finely synchronized with the accompanying linguistic affiliate [1]. Many researchers have emphasized the importance of this temporal synchrony in terms of coexpressiveness (e.g. [2], [3]). However, for a humanoid robot required to generate speech and gesture, an appropriate synchronization of the two modalities still poses a major challenge. In many existing approaches used for virtual conversational agents or robotic platforms, synchronization of different modalities is either achieved only approximately or by solely adapting one modality to the other, e.g. by adjusting gesture speed to the timing of running speech. Given the limitations of robotic platforms, e.g. motor velocity limits, these approaches turn out to be insufficient when a fine synchronization of speech and gesture is a fundamental necessity for fluent human-robot interaction. We present a multimodal scheduler that is capable of synchronizing expressive hand and arm gestures with speech for the Honda humanoid robot. Since the challenge of multimodal behavior realization has already been tackled in various ways within the domain of virtual agents, our approach exploits the experiences gained from the development of a speech-gesture production model for embodied conversational agents. In particular, we build on the Articulated Communicator Engine (ACE), which is one of the most sophisticated multimodal schedulers and behavior realizers in that it replaces the use of lexicons of canned behaviors with a real-time production of flexibly planned behavior representations [4]. The implementation of the interface that couples ACE with the perceptuo-motor system of the Honda robot and which is now used as an underlying action generation framework for the humanoid is described in [5]. An outline of the implemented robot control architecture is shown in Figure 1.
Antitumor activities of (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) and its combination with other antitumor agents on murine tumors. (1985)

(2''R)-4'-O-Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) is a new derivative of doxorubicin (adriamycin, ADM). The concentrations of THP and ADM required to inhibit by 50% the growth of a cultured L1210 cells was 0.003 microgram/ml and 0.016 microgram/ml, respectively. Various therapeutic designs of combinations of THP with other antitumor agents were investigated in vivo using the L1210 murine leukemia. The combination of THP with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), cyclocytidine hydrochloride (Cyclo-C), 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and cyclophosphamide (EX) showed a great effectiveness following daily intraperitoneal treatment from days 1 to 10. High therapeutic effects were also obtained with the combinations of THP with Ara-C, Cyclo-C, vincristine (VCR) and EX following intravenous combination therapy one day following implantation of L1210 leukemia. Schedule dependency and its therapeutic efficacy of THP were examined. THP showed almost the same antitumor activity on the solid-type sarcoma-180 or solid-type Ehrlich carcinoma as ADM by intraperitoneal or intravenous treatment. THP showed some superior activity to ADM in the advanced stage of L1210 leukemia. High antitumor activity of THP on murine leukemia L1210 has been reported by Tsuruo et al. (Cancer Res. 42: 1462-1467, 1982) and was also confirmed. THP gave many mice cures, especially in the intravenous treatment.
Contrast enhancement for the myocardium (1991)

Abstract The potential of MR imaging and spectroscopy in ischemic heart disease is substantial. MR contrast media have the potential to improve the differential tissue characterization among normal, ischemic, and infarcted myocardium. Several reports in animals and patients have revealed that MR contrast media can improve the delineation of acute myocardial infarctions ( 1–7 ). Studies from several centers in Europe and Asia have demonstrated that the contrast between the normal and acutely infarcted myocardium substantially increased with the use of gadolinium‐DTPA administered intravenously ( 1, 2, 4, 5 ). In these studies, the acutely infarcted myocardium on delayed MR scans demonstrated greater enhancement with the paramagnetic contrast media than normal myocardium, producing a greater percentage contrast between the two regions. These studies are consistent with previous reports using gadolinium‐DTPA contrast media to enhance the differential in signal intensity between the normal and infarcted myocardium in animal models ( 3, 6, 7 ). The expanded use of MR in ischemic heart disease will likely depend upon employing contrast media to enhance regional myocardial signal in proportion to regional blood flow. Such contrast media are needed for using MRI to demonstrate regions of myocardial ischemia and to depict reperfusion of a myocardial region after an ischemic event. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
Subdural hematoma--what is the role of brain scanning in its diagnosis? (1973)

A comparison was made between brain scans and cerebral angiography in 40 patients with subdnral hematomas confirmed by surgery. Lesion size was estimated as the difference in width and intensity of peripheral radioactivity between the two sides of brain scans and by maximum displacement of cerebral vessels from the skull on â€¢ angiography. Scans were positive in 30 of 32 unilateral hematomas (all 12 acute and 18 of 20 chronic). The degree of ab normality correlated well with the x-ray find ings. In 98 patients in whom the clinical course ivas reviewed, 87 had a prescan diagnosis of possible hematoma and 11 without clinical evi dence had or positive scans. In the group surveyed, the false-negative rate was 4% uful the false-positive rate was 11%. the latter usually with an obvious clinical or radiographie explanation. The likelihood of hematoma was very low in the suspicious scan category.
Inducing electro-optic photonic transitions for enabling isolation in silicon photonics (2013)

We show approaches for achieving CMOS compatible on-chip isolators. The devices are achieved by inducing photonic GHz electro-optic transitions on a time scale faster than the photon time of flight in the structure.
Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology of A2B Adenosine Receptors (2003)

The low affinity A(2B) adenosine receptor, like any other adenosine receptor subtype, belongs to the super-family of seven transmembrane domain protein-coupled receptors (7TMs GPCR) and is classified by the GPCR database in the family of rhodopsin like receptors (Class A of GPCR). It has been cloned from various species, including rat and human, and its sequences are highly similar across species, ranging from 85% identity between human and mouse and 95% identity between rat and mouse. The A(2B)receptors show a ubiquitous distribution, the highest levels are present in cecum, colon and bladder, followed by blood vessels, lung, eye and mast cells. Through A(2B) receptors adenosine seems to cause mast cells degranulation, vasodilation, cardiac fibroblast proliferation, inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha), increased synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), stimulation of Cl(-) secretion in intestinal epithelia and hepatic glucose production. Hence, A(2B) adenosine receptor agonists could be useful in the treatment of cardiac diseases like hypertension or myocardial infarction and in the management of septic shock, while antagonists may serve as novel drugs for asthma, Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis and type-II diabetes. No potent and selective A(2B) agonists have been reported so far; 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) is one of the most active. The monosubstitution on N(6)-position of adenosine is well tolerated and that position appears to be a useful site for increasing A(2B) potency. Among substituents in 2-position of adenosine only 1-alkynyl chains are effective for A(2B) potency. In particular, the (S)-2-hydroxypropynyl substituents brought about the highest activity demonstrating that the A(2B) receptors discriminate between (R) and (S) diastereomers. Hence, (S)-2-phenylhydroxypropynylNECA (PHPNECA), with an EC(50) = 0.22 micro M, proved to be the most potent A(2B) agonist reported so far. Classical antagonists for adenosine receptors are alkylxanthines which show considerable potency at A(2B) receptors. Para substituted 1,3-dialkyl-8-phenylxanthines possess high affinity in binding assays; the 3-unsubstituted 1-alkyl analogues resulted more A(2B) selective with the 8-[4-[(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)carboxamidomethyl)oxy]phenyl]-1-propylxanthine (60) showing the highest affinity (K(i) = 1.2 nM) and selectivity (A(1)/A(2B) = 60, A(2A)/A(2B) = 1,790, A(3)/A(2B) = 360). Among non-xanthine derivatives very promising are substituted purines, in which combination of appropriate substituents in 2-, 8-, and 9-position could lead to very potent and selective A(2B) antagonists.
Rapid Temperature Swing Adsorption using Polymeric/Supported Amine Hollow Fibers (2015)

This project is a bench-scale, post-combustion capture project carried out at Georgia Tech (GT) with support and collaboration with GE, Algenol Biofuels, Southern Company and subcontract to Trimeric Corporation. The focus of the project is to develop a process based on composite amine-functionalized oxide / polymer hollow fibers for use as contactors in a rapid temperature swing adsorption post-combustion carbon dioxide capture process. The hollow fiber morphology allows coupling of efficient heat transfer with effective gas contacting, potentially giving lower parasitic loads on the power plant compared to traditional contacting strategies using solid sorbents.
Carbon Nanodots: Assigning Electronic States in Carbon Nanodots (Adv. Funct. Mater. 44/2016) (2016)

Pressure synthesized carbon nanodots are investigated by the multidisciplinary team of D. M. Guldi and co-workers on page 7975. The cover illustrates the reductive or oxidative charging of the carbon nanodots (pCNDs) at electrode surfaces. The relation between the dot's surface states and their optical features is revealed to be fairly complex. Future work should address the transformation of functional groups upon oxidation or reduction.
A Multiplex Housing Energy Conservation Strategy through Combining Insulation Standard Based Green Roof Systems and Passive Design Elements (2014)

Recently, the coverage of urban forests has been rapidly decreasing as the cities are created and expanding. Consequently, there arise urban problems such as heat island effect, urban flooding, urban desertification and so on. In this context, green roof systems is considered to be an efficient alternative to deal with these problems. However, it is difficult to apply green roof to new buildings since the majority of the buildings in cities are already constructed and the demand for new building constructions is not high enough. Therefore, it should be considered to apply green roof system to existing buildings for resolving various problems. This study evaluates heating and cooling energy consumption based on the combination of passive design factors such as wall, roof, window insulation in addition to a green roof system applied to an existing house by using an energy simulation program. Total 8 potential improvement cases are developed. Each case is applied to the same house with different insulation standard for simulations. Through the analysis of the simulated cases with the chosen test house, it is confirmed that heating energy consumption decreases as improvement cases are applied, but cooling energy consumption is relatively not much affected by each improvement case. In addition, when each improvement case is applied to already highly insulated house, the effect of thermal energy improvement decreases while the same improvement that is applied to the case with low insulated house tends to yield higher improvement rate.
Improved generalized ComBat methods for harmonization of radiomic features (2022)

Radiomic approaches in precision medicine are promising, but variation associated with image acquisition factors can result in severe biases and low generalizability. Multicenter datasets used in these studies are often heterogeneous in multiple imaging parameters and/or have missing information, resulting in multimodal radiomic feature distributions. ComBat is a promising harmonization tool, but it only harmonizes by single/known variables and assumes standardized input data are normally distributed. We propose a procedure that sequentially harmonizes for multiple batch effects in an optimized order, called OPNested ComBat. Furthermore, we propose to address bimodality by employing a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) grouping considered as either a batch variable (OPNested + GMM) or as a protected clinical covariate (OPNested - GMM). Methods were evaluated on features extracted with CapTK and PyRadiomics from two public lung computed tomography (CT) datasets. We found that OPNested ComBat improved harmonization performance over standard ComBat. OPNested + GMM ComBat exhibited the best harmonization performance but the lowest predictive performance, while OPNested - GMM ComBat showed poorer harmonization performance, but the highest predictive performance. Our findings emphasize that improved harmonization performance is no guarantee of improved predictive performance, and that these methods show promise for superior standardization of datasets heterogeneous in multiple or unknown imaging parameters and greater generalizability.
Access to M[sup 3+]/M[sup 2+] Redox Couples in Layered LiMS[sub 2] Sulfides (M=Ti, V, Cr) as Anodes for Li-Ion Battery (2009)

The insertion of Li into layered LiMS2 (M=Ti, V, Cr) sulfides has been reinvestigated with ethylene-carbonate-based carbonate electrolytes. The Ti3+/ Ti2+and V3+/ V2+redox couples in a sulfide were found to give a reversible insertion reaction at about 0.5 and 1.0 V vs Li+ / Li0, respectively, while Cr atoms are displaced from LiCrS2 at 0.9 V vs Li+ / Li0. Comparison to a graphite anode indicates that a solid-electrolyte-interface (SEI) passivation layer is formed below 0.9 V during the first discharge of the LiTiS2 before reaching the Ti3+/ Ti2+redox couple, while an SEI layer was formed after reaching the V3+/ V2+redox couple at 1.0 V during the first discharge of the Li1+x VS2 electrode. The formation of a suitable SEI layer and therefore the reversibility and capacity of sulfide anodes are shown to depend on the composition of the electrolyte.