gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sort-based grouping and aggregation (2020)

Database query processing requires algorithms for duplicate removal, grouping, and aggregation. Three algorithms exist: in-stream aggregation is most efficient by far but requires sorted input; sort-based aggregation relies on external merge sort; and hash aggregation relies on an in-memory hash table plus hash partitioning to temporary storage. Cost-based query optimization chooses which algorithm to use based on several factors including input and output sizes, the sort order of the input, and the need for sorted output. For example, hash-based aggregation is ideal for small output (e.g., TPC-H Query 1), whereas sorting the entire input and aggregating after sorting are preferable when both aggregation input and output are large and the output needs to be sorted for a subsequent operation such as a merge join. Unfortunately, the size information required for a sound choice is often inaccurate or unavailable during query optimization, leading to sub-optimal algorithm choices. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a new algorithm for sort-based duplicate removal, grouping, and aggregation. The new algorithm always performs at least as well as both traditional hash-based and traditional sort-based algorithms. It can serve as a system's only aggregation algorithm for unsorted inputs, thus preventing erroneous algorithm choices. Furthermore, the new algorithm produces sorted output that can speed up subsequent operations. Google's F1 Query uses the new algorithm in production workloads that aggregate petabytes of data every day.
The Phosphate Starvation Stimulon ofCorynebacterium glutamicumDetermined by DNA Microarray Analyses (2003)

The phosphate (P(i)) starvation stimulon of Corynebacterium glutamicum was characterized by global gene expression analysis by using DNA microarrays. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the genes showing altered expression 10 to 180 min after a shift from P(i)-sufficient to P(i)-limiting conditions led to identification of five groups comprising 92 genes. Four of these groups included genes which are not directly involved in P metabolism and changed expression presumably due to the reduced growth rate observed after the shift or to the exchange of medium. One group, however, comprised 25 genes, most of which are obviously related to phosphorus (P) uptake and metabolism and exhibited 4- to >30-fold-greater expression after the shift to P(i) limitation. Among these genes, the RNA levels of the pstSCAB (ABC-type P(i) uptake system), glpQ (glycerophosphoryldiester phosphodiesterase), ugpAEBC (ABC-type sn-glycerol 3-phosphate uptake system), phoH (unknown function), nucH (extracellular nuclease), and Cgl0328 (5'-nucleotidase or related esterase) genes were increased, and pstSCAB exhibited a faster response than the other genes. Transcriptional fusion analyses revealed that elevated expression of pstSCAB and ugpAEBC was primarily due to transcriptional regulation. Several genes also involved in P uptake and metabolism were not affected by P(i) starvation; these included the genes encoding a PitA-like P(i) uptake system and a putative Na(+)-dependent P(i) transporter and the genes involved in the metabolism of pyrophosphate and polyphosphate. In summary, a global, time-resolved picture of the response of C. glutamicum to P(i) starvation was obtained.
Topology Optimization of Large-Scale 3D Morphing Wing Structures (2021)

This work proposes a systematic topology optimization approach for simultaneously designing the morphing functionality and actuation in three-dimensional wing structures. The actuation was modeled by a linear-strain-based expansion in the actuation material. A three-phase material model was employed to represent structural and actuating materials and voids. To ensure both structural stiffness with respect to aerodynamic loading and morphing capabilities, the optimization problem was formulated to minimize structural compliance, while the morphing functionality was enforced by constraining a morphing error between the actual and target wing shape. Moreover, a feature-mapping approach was utilized to constrain and simplify the actuator geometries. A trailing edge wing section was designed to validate the proposed optimization approach. Numerical results demonstrated that three-dimensional optimized wing sections utilize a more advanced structural layout to enhance structural performance while keeping the morphing functionality better than two-dimensional wing ribs. The work presents the first step towards the systematic design of three-dimensional morphing wing sections.
Safety and immunogenicity of a live recombinant Newcastle disease virus-based COVID-19 vaccine (Patria) administered via the intramuscular or intranasal route: Interim results of a non-randomized open label phase I trial in Mexico (2022)

There is still a need for safe, efficient and low-cost coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines that can stop transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here we evaluated a vaccine candidate based on a live recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) that expresses a stable version of the spike protein in infected cells as well as on the surface of the viral particle (AVX/COVID-12-HEXAPRO, also known as NDV-HXP-S). This vaccine candidate can be grown in embryonated eggs at low cost similar to influenza virus vaccines and it can also be administered intranasally, potentially to induce mucosal immunity. We evaluated this vaccine candidate in prime-boost regimens via intramuscular, intranasal, or intranasal followed by intramuscular routes in an open label non-randomized non-placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial in Mexico in 91 volunteers. The primary objective of the trial was to assess vaccine safety and the secondary objective was to determine the immunogenicity of the different vaccine regimens. In the interim analysis reported here, the vaccine was found to be safe and the higher doses tested were found to be immunogenic when given intramuscularly or intranasally followed by intramuscular administration, providing the basis for further clinical development of the vaccine candidate. The study is registered under ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04871737. Funding was provided by Avimex and CONACYT.
Continuous haemofiltration in acute renal failure (1996)

When acute renal failure occurs in critically ill patients, clinical instability may preclude or contraindicate standard dialysis techniques. Such patients are increasingly treated with continuous haemofiltration and derived techniques, now grouped under the term of continuous renal replacement therapies. Continuous renal replacement therapies can provide adequate blood purification and correction of electrolyte derangements. They also seem to prevent further injury to the patient by maintaining a stable level of homeostasis. Recently, newer indications have been proposed for continuous renal replacement therapies including the treatment of neonates, of patients with heart disease and of patients with sepsis. It has been hypothesized that continuous therapies might contribute to the removal of noxious substances in the middle molecular weight range.
Structural characterization of amorphous Ta2O5 and SiO2–Ta2O5 used as solid electrolyte for nonvolatile switches (2010)

Diffusivity of Cu in amorphous (a-) Ta2O5 is increased by low temperature annealing above 350 °C but the increase is suppressed by adding SiO2 to Ta2O5. To clarify the reasons, we investigated the structural difference between a-Ta2O5 and a-SiO2–Ta2O5. The results show that the low temperature annealing does not cause polycrystallization of Ta2O5 but purges weakly bonded oxygen atoms from the bulk and decreases the film density. Adding SiO2 to Ta2O5 is shown to increase the coordination number of Ta–O, which results in the improved thermal stability.
A semiempirical approach to the intra‐phycocyanin and inter‐phycocyanin fluorescence resonance energy‐transfer pathways in phycobilisomes (2007)

A semiempirical methodology to model the intra-phycocyanin and inter-phycocyanin fluorescence resonance energy-transfer (FRET) pathways in the rods of the phycobilisomes (PBSs) from Fremyella diplosiphon is presented. Using the Förster formulation of FRET and combining experimental data and PM3 calculation of the dipole moments of the aromatic portions of the chromophores, transfer constants between pairs of chromophores in the phycocyanin (PC) structure were obtained. Protein docking of two PC hexamers was used to predict the optimal distance and axial rotation angle for the staked PCs in the PBSs' rods. Using the distance obtained by the docking process, transfer constants between pairs of chromophores belonging to different PC hexamers were calculated as a function of the angle of rotation. We show that six preferential FRET pathways within the PC hexameric ring and 15 pathways between hexamers exist, with transfer constants consistent with experimental results. Protein docking predicted the quaternary structure for PCs in rods with inter-phycocyanin distance of 55.6 A and rotation angle of 20.5 degrees . The inter-phycocyanin FRET constant between chromophores at positions beta(155) is maximized at the rotation angle predicted by docking revealing the crucial role of this specific inter-phycocyanin channel in defining the complete set of FRET pathways in the system.
Loss reduction in electromechanically tunable microring cavities (2019)

Nanophotonic structures coupled with mechanics enable large effective index perturbation. To date, however, the relation between index tuning and induced optical loss has not been considered in detail. In this work we present an in-depth study of optical loss mechanisms in an electromechanically-tunable waveguide filter. Gradient electric forces modify the coupling between a microring optical cavity and a suspended micromechanical (MEMS) perturber resulting in a measured tuning greater than one free-spectral range (FSR) and an effective index tuning of 3×10<sup>-2</sup>. We examine various loss contributions and find, for certain conditions, a surprising reduction in loss with greater MEMS-induced mode perturbation. Modeling confirms the device behavior and loss mitigation is discussed.
Effect of Peak Power Suppression and Adaptive Predistortion on Power Amplification of an OFCDM Signal (2005)

The OFCDM (orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing) system is receiving attention to achieve a high data rate transmission for multimedia communication. A problem with the system is that PAPR (peak to average power ratio) of the OFCDM signal increases as the number of carriers increases. In this paper, we investigate peak reducing methods for OFCDM system with a predistorter power amplifier. We show that the peak reduction scheme and adaptive predistortion gives a high power efficiency and high linearity in power amplification of OFCDM signal.
Supplementary Table S2 from A Phase I/II Trial of HER2 Vaccine–Primed Autologous T-Cell Infusions in Patients with Treatment Refractory HER2–Overexpressing Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Detailed adverse events.&lt;/p&gt;
Novel Human-Object Interaction Detection via Adversarial Domain Generalization (2020)

We study in this paper the problem of novel human-object interaction (HOI) detection, aiming at improving the generalization ability of the model to unseen scenarios. The challenge mainly stems from the large compositional space of objects and predicates, which leads to the lack of sufficient training data for all the object-predicate combinations. As a result, most existing HOI methods heavily rely on object priors and can hardly generalize to unseen combinations. To tackle this problem, we propose a unified framework of adversarial domain generalization to learn object-invariant features for predicate prediction. To measure the performance improvement, we create a new split of the HICO-DET dataset, where the HOIs in the test set are all unseen triplet categories in the training set. Our experiments show that the proposed framework significantly increases the performance by up to 50% on the new split of HICO-DET dataset and up to 125% on the UnRel dataset for auxiliary evaluation in detecting novel HOIs.
Stylet Penetration and Feeding Sites of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Two Growth Stages of Maize (1991)

Journal Article Stylet Penetration and Feeding Sites of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Two Growth Stages of Maize Get access J. W. Bing, J. W. Bing 1Agrigenetics Co., Slater, Iowa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. G. Novak, M. G. Novak 2Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. J. Obrycki, J. J. Obrycki 2Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. D. Guthrie W. D. Guthrie 3USDA-ARS, Ankeny, Iowa, and Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 84, Issue 5, 1 September 1991, Pages 549–554, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/84.5.549 Published: 01 September 1991 Article history Received: 18 May 1990 Accepted: 16 April 1991 Published: 01 September 1991
Platys: From Position to Place‐Oriented Mobile Computing (2015)

The Platys project focuses on developing a high‐level, semantic notion of location called place. A place, unlike a geospatial position, derives its meaning from a user's actions and interactions in addition to the physical location where it occurs. Our aim is to enable the construction of a large variety of applications that take advantage of place to render relevant content and functionality and, thus, improve user experience. We consider elements of context that are particularly related to mobile computing. The main problems we have addressed to realize our place‐oriented mobile computing vision are representing places, recognizing places, and engineering place‐aware applications. We describe the approaches we have developed for addressing these problems and related subproblems. A key element of our work is the use of collaborative information sharing where users' devices share and integrate knowledge about places. Our place ontology facilitates such collaboration. Declarative privacy policies allow users to specify contextual features under which they prefer to share or not share their information.
SkillSum: basic skills screening with personalised, computer-generated feedback (2008)

We report on our experiences in developing and evaluating a system that provided formative assessment of basic skills and automatically generated personalised feedback reports for 16-19 year-old users. Development of the system was informed by literacy and numeracy experts and it was trialled 'in the field' with users and basicskills tutors. We experimented with two types of assessment and with feedback that evolved from long, detailed reports with graphics to more readable, shorter ones with no graphics. We discuss the evaluation of our final solution and compare it with related systems.
Effects of raster angle on the mechanical properties of PLA and Al/PLA composite part produced by fused deposition modeling (2019)

This paper studies the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) and aluminum fiber–reinforced PLA composite (Al/PLA) specimens fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. The effect of raster angle (0°, 90°, 45°, 0°/90°, and ± 45°) on dynamic mechanical thermal property and tensile property of FDM‐printed PLA and Al/PLA has been studied. The results show reduced tensile strength and Young's modulus in Al/PLA composite specimen in comparison with pure PLA specimen. However, the elongation‐at‐break increases, which is due to Al fiber with the higher elasticity and lower tensile strength than PLA. The addition of Al fibers improves the dynamic mechanical thermal property of pure PLA because of the good interaction of the PLA matrix with the surrounding Al fibers. Raster angle plays an important role in FDM process. All specimens printed with 0° raster angle show highest tensile strength and dynamic mechanical properties, while specimens printed with 90° raster angle have the lowest values. Fractured surfaces indicate that the failure of the specimen with 0° raster angle is due to breaking of individual layers, while for 90° raster angle, specimen fails under separation of the adjacent raster layers.
Self‐Assembled Pentamers and Hexamers Linked through Quadruple‐Hydrogen‐Bonded 2‐Ureido‐4[1H]‐Pyrimidinones (2005)

The preorganization of bifunctional 2-ureido-4-pyrimidinones mediated by either 1,3-substituted adamantane or meta-substituted phenylene ring linkers leads to the preferred formation of stable pentameric (1)(5) and hexameric (2)(6) assemblies, respectively. Despite the high binding constant of the 2-ureido-4-pyrimidinone dimers and the highly preorganized structure of the monomer, the predominant formation of cycles (1)(5) and (2)(6) in solution occurs only within a specific concentration range.
The phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor‐phenylarsine oxide restores defective phosphoinositide hydrolysis response in anergic C3H‐gld/gld lymphocytes (1996)

Mice homozygous for the gld (generalized lymphoproliferative disease) mutation develop both lymphadenopathy and autoimmune disease. CD4-CD8- (double negative, DN) T cells comprise the major population of T cells in mature C3H-gld/gld peripheral lymphoid tissues. These DN T cells are unresponsive to many forms of stimuli and have previously been shown to exhibit abnormally elevated levels of membrane phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity. In the present study, we demonstrate that IP3 production in response to mitogenic stimulation with Con A or anti-CD3 mAb (145-2CII) is significantly diminished in C3H-gld/gld lymphocytes when compared to that in congenic C3H(-)+/+ cells. The capacity to produce this second-messenger can be restored by pretreating C3H-gld/gld cells with the PTPase inhibitor, phenylarsine oxide (PAO). Although the inhibition of PTPase activity by treatment with PAO did restore C3H-gld/gld cell ability to produce IP3, the signal did not lead to lymphocyte proliferation, but instead to cell death. Our results suggest that the altered phosphoinositide hydrolysis observed in the mutant cells is related to their elevated membrane PTPase activity and that the anergy in these cells is at least in part related to the abnormally high activity of endogenous PTPases.
Quasi-conformal transformation optics techniques for gradient index devices on graphene (2014)

We present the use of quasi-conformal transformation optics techniques to design planar devices on graphene sheets. First, we discuss the pertinent design equations for linking permittivity tensors to the electronic transport properties of graphene. We then demonstrate the process by designing a planar quad-beam collimator on graphene. The required gradients for transformation optics devices are then realized by controlling the graphene's substrate parameters.
Dynamic Measurements of Cerebral Pentose Phosphate Pathway Activity In Vivo Using [1,6‐13C2,6,6‐2H2] Glucose and Microdialysis (1995)

Cerebral pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity has been linked to NADPH-dependent anabolic pathways, turnover of neurotransmitters, and protection from oxidative stress. Research on this potentially important pathway has been hampered, however, because measurement of regional cerebral PPP activity in vivo has not been possible. Our efforts to address this need focused on the use of a novel isotopically substituted glucose molecule, [1,6-13C2,6,6-2H2]glucose, in conjunction with microdialysis techniques, to measure cerebral PPP activity in vivo, in freely moving rats. Metabolism of [1,6-13C2,6,6-2H2]glucose through glycolysis produces [3-13C]lactate and [3-13C,3,3-2H2]lactate, whereas metabolism through the PPP produces [3-13C,3,3-2H2]lactate and unlabeled lactate. The ratios of these lactate isotopomers can be quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for calculation of PPP activity, which is reported as the percentage of glucose metabolized to lactate that passed through the PPP. Following addition of [1,6-13C2,6,6-2H2]glucose to the perfusate, labeled lactate was easily detectable in dialysate using GC/MS. Basal forebrain and intracerebral 9L glioma PPP values (mean +/- SD) were 3.5 +/- 0.4 (n = 4) and 6.2 +/- 0.9% (n = 4), respectively. Furthermore, PPP activity could be stimulated in vivo by addition of phenazine methosulfate, an artificial electron acceptor for NADPH, to the perfusion stream. These results show that the activity of the PPP can now be measured dynamically and regionally in the brains of conscious animals in vivo.
Nematic Liquid Crystals with a Trifluoromethyl Group (2001)

Abstract We have synthesised a new class of compounds incorporating a trifluoromethyl group in the terminal alkoxy or alkenyloxy chain. Compounds containing several aromatic rings were synthesised with a view to producing compounds of high birefringence. This also included the synthesis of compounds containing a carbon-carbon triple bond. Compounds with three 1,4-disubstituted rings were synthesised in order to produce materials with a high nematic clearing point and as low a melting point as possible. Laterally fluoro-substituted compounds were prepared to generate a high positive value of the dielectric anisotropy, a low melting point and no smectic mesophases. Substances containing a cyclohexyl ring, which tend to induce a lower viscosity and compounds incorporating a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane ring were also synthesised in order to produce a high nematic clearing point and to influence the elastic constants. The (E)-trifluorobut-2-enyloxy-compounds were prepared in attempts to produce compounds with appropriate elastic constants and a high birefringence.
Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) Form an Interconnected Cellular Supportive Network in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (2011)

ATCs display a very dense network of interconnected RTAMs in direct contact with intermingled cancer cells. To our knowledge this is the first time that such a network is described in a malignant tumor. This network was found in all our studied cases and appeared specific to ATC, since it was not found in differentiated thyroid cancers specimens. Taken together, these results suggest that RTAMs network is directly related to the aggressiveness of the disease via metabolic and trophic functions which remain to be determined.
Effect of moist heat reprocessing of N95 respirators on SARS-CoV-2 inactivation and respirator function (2020)

Thermal disinfection successfully decontaminated N95 respirators without impairing structural integrity or function. This process could be used in hospitals and long-term care facilities with commonly available equipment to mitigate the depletion of N95 masks.
File system virtual appliances (2012)

File system virtual appliances (FSVAs) address the portability headaches that plague file system (FS) developers. By packaging their FS implementation in a virtual machine (VM), separate from the VM that runs user applications, they can avoid the need to port the file system to each operating system (OS) and OS version. A small FS-agnostic proxy, maintained by the core OS developers, connects the FSVA to whatever OS the user chooses. This article describes an FSVA design that maintains FS semantics for unmodified FS implementations and provides desired OS and virtualization features, such as a unified buffer cache and VM migration. Evaluation of prototype FSVA implementations in Linux and NetBSD, using Xen as the virtual machine manager (VMM), demonstrates that the FSVA architecture is efficient, FS-agnostic, and able to insulate file system implementations from OS differences that would otherwise require explicit porting.