gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classifications and Applications of Physical Layer Security Techniques for Confidentiality: A Comprehensive Survey (2018)

Physical layer security (PLS) has emerged as a new concept and powerful alternative that can complement and may even replace encryption-based approaches, which entail many hurdles and practical problems for future wireless systems. The basic idea of PLS is to exploit the characteristics of the wireless channel and its impairments including noise, fading, interference, dispersion, diversity, etc. in order to ensure the ability of the intended user to successfully perform data decoding while preventing eavesdroppers from doing so. Thus, the main design goal of PLS is to increase the performance difference between the link of the legitimate receiver and that of the eavesdropper by using well-designed transmission schemes. In this survey, we propose a conceptual, generic, and expandable framework for classifying the existing PLS techniques against wireless passive eavesdropping. In this flexible framework, the security techniques that we comprehensively review in this treatise are divided into two primary approaches: signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio-based approach and complexity-based approach. The first approach is classified into three major categories: first, secrecy channel codes-based schemes; second, security techniques based on channel adaptation; third, schemes based on injecting interfering artificial (noise/jamming) signals along with the transmitted information signals. The second approach (complexity-based), which is associated with the mechanisms of extracting secret sequences from the shared channel, is classified into two main categories based on which layer the secret sequence obtained by channel quantization is applied on. The techniques belonging to each one of these categories are divided and classified into three main signal domains: time, frequency and space. For each one of these domains, several examples are given and illustrated along with the review of the state-of-the-art security advances in each domain. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of each approach alongside the lessons learned from existing research works are stated and discussed. The recent applications of PLS techniques to different emerging communication systems such as visible light communication, body area network, power line communication, Internet of Things, smart grid, mm-Wave, cognitive radio, vehicular ad-hoc network, unmanned aerial vehicle, ultra-wideband, device-to-device, radio-frequency identification, index modulation, and 5G non-orthogonal multiple access based-systems, are also reviewed and discussed. The paper is concluded with recommendations and future research directions for designing robust, efficient and strong security methods for current and future wireless systems.
Speech Recognition: Flexible Piezoelectric Acoustic Sensors and Machine Learning for Speech Processing (Adv. Mater. 35/2020) (2020)

In article number 1904020, Keon Jae Lee and co-workers review recent developments in speech recognition, in terms of flexible piezoelectric materials, self-powered sensors, machine-learning algorithms, and speaker recognition. Such systems will play an innovative interface in artificial intelligence services.
Cationic isotachophoresis separation of the biomarker cardiac troponin I from a high‐abundance contaminant, serum albumin (2014)

Cationic ITP was used to separate and concentrate fluorescently tagged cardiac troponin I (cTnI) from two proteins with similar isoelectric properties in a PMMA straight-channel microfluidic chip. In an initial set of experiments, cTnI was effectively separated from R-Phycoerythrin using cationic ITP in a pH 8 buffer system. Then, a second set of experiments was conducted in which cTnI was separated from a serum contaminant, albumin. Each experiment took ∼10 min or less at low electric field strengths (34 V/cm) and demonstrated that cationic ITP could be used as an on-chip removal technique to isolate cTnI from albumin. In addition to the experimental work, a 1D numerical simulation of our cationic ITP experiments has been included to qualitatively validate experimental observations.
A design approach for capacitive gap parallel-coupled lines filters and fractal filters with the suspended substrate technology (2005)

The suspended substrate stripline is a transmission line in which the substrate holding the conductor is placed between the top and bottom ground planes with air gaps on both sides (Figl). Due to this symmetrical shielding, the suspended substrate stripline is particularly useful for integrated circuits with waveguide components. Most of the transmission line components in the upper microwave and lower millimeter-wave bands such as power dividers, directional couplers, receiver mixers and frequency multipliers are made of suspended substrate striplines. Moreover, the wide range of achievable impedance values makes these media particularly suitable for filters. In this paper we focus then on bandpass filters with asymmetrically prescribed transmission zeros. We use a generalized Chebyshev lowpass prototype based on admittance inverters and parallel resonators to design such filters. The filters topology is called Capacitive gap-parallel coupled line filter (CGCL) because the synthesis is based on the equivalent circuits of parallel- coupled lines and end-coupled (gap) lines. Furthermore, another filtering topology is studied. The performance limitations of parallel coupled lines has lead us to investigate new structures based on the fractal concept in order to have more compact and more efficient filters.
Flexible Execution of Adaptable Composed Services (2014)

Dynamic system adaptation to continuously changing business requirements and environment conditions has been a common demand for IT over the last years. In spite of constant innovation in service computing, current technology is not able to keep up with business ever growing need faster time to market. The Service Refinement Cycle (SRC) has been proposed for providing flexibility and power for creating new services by composing existing services with integrated policies. We developed and deployed a Service Execution Environment (SEE) for the SRC using existing technology, such as Web Services, XACML and WS-BPEL. As a proof of concept prototype, we also developed an Online Radio Service that makes extensive use of the key SRC features and is executed by our SEE.
Analyzing Energy Usage on a City-scale using Utility Smart Meters (2016)

Understanding the energy usage of buildings is crucial for policy-making, energy planning, and achieving sustainable development. Unfortunately, instrumenting buildings to collect energy usage data is difficult and all publicly available datasets typically include only a few hundred homes within a region. Due to their relatively small size, these datasets provide limited insight and are insufficient for analyses that require a larger representation, such as an entire city or town. In recent years, utility companies have installed advanced electric and gas meters, i.e., "smart meters" that enable energy data collection on a massive scale. In this paper, we analyze such a dataset from a utility company that includes energy data from 14,836 smart meters covering a small city. We conduct a wide-ranging analysis of the city's gas and electric data to gain insights into the energy consumption of both individual homes and the city as a whole.
Preferential vulnerability of astroglia and glial precursors to combined opioid and HIV‐1 Tat exposure in vitro (2004)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection can cause characteristic neural defects such as progressive motor dysfunction, striatal pathology and gliosis. Recent evidence suggests that HIV-induced pathogenesis is exacerbated by heroin abuse and that the synergistic neurotoxicity is a direct effect of heroin on the CNS, an alarming observation considering the high incidence of HIV infection with injection drug abuse. Although HIV infection results in neurodegeneration, neurons themselves are not directly infected. Instead, HIV affects microglia and astroglia, which subsequently contributes to the neurodegenerative changes. Opioid receptors are widely expressed by macroglia and macroglial precursors, and the activation of mu-opioid receptors can modulate programmed cell death, as well as the response of neural cells to cytotoxic insults. For this reason, we questioned whether opioid drugs might modify the vulnerability of macroglia and macroglial precursors to HIV-1 Tat protein. To address this problem, the effects of morphine and/or HIV Tat(1-72) on the viability of macroglia and macroglial precursors were assessed in mixed-glial cultures derived from mouse striatum. Our findings indicate that sustained exposure to morphine and Tat(1-72) viral protein induces the preferential death of glial precursors and some astrocytes. Moreover, the increased cell death is mediated by mu-opioid receptors and accompanied by the activation of caspase-3. Our results imply that opiates can enhance the cytotoxicity of HIV-1 Tat through direct actions on glial precursors and/or astroglia, suggesting novel cellular targets for HIV-opiate interactions.
Automatic Transformation of Membrane‐Type Electronic Devices into Complex 3D Structures via Extrusion Shear Printing and Thermal Relaxation of Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene Frameworks (2019)

Abstract This work demonstrates a means of automatic transformation from planar electronic devices to desirable 3D forms. The method uses a spatially designed thermoplastic framework created via extrusion shear printing of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) on a stress‐free ABS film, which can be laminated to a membrane‐type electronic device layer. Thermal annealing above the glass transition temperature allows stress relaxation in the printed polymer chains, resulting in an overall shape transformation of the framework. In addition, the significant reduction in the Young's modulus and the ability of the polymer chains to reflow in the rubbery state release the stress concentration in the electronic device layer, which can be positioned outside the neutral mechanical plane. Electrical analyses and mechanical simulations of a membrane‐type Au electrode and indium gallium zinc oxide transistor arrays before and after transformation confirm the versatility of this method for developing 3D electronic devices based on planar forms.
Subliminal behavioural priming: It's all in the brain, but whose brain? (2009)

Book of Abstracts p. 76.
Preparation and properties of MDI/H12MDI‐based water‐borne poly(urethane‐urea)s—Effects of MDI content and radiant exposure (2008)

Abstract Water‐borne poly(urethane‐urea)s (WBPUs) were prepared by a prepolymer mixing process using aromatic diisocyanate (MDI, 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate)/aliphatic diisocyanate (H 12 MDI, 4,4′‐methylenebis cyclohexyl isocyanate), polypropylene glycol (PPG, M n = 1000), dimethylol propionic acid, and ethylene diamine as a chain extender, and triethylamine as a neutralizing agent. The effect of MDI on the molecular weight, chemical structure, dynamic thermo, and tensile properties of WBPUs was investigated. The yellowness index (YI, photo‐oxidation behavior) change of WBPUs under accelerated weathering exposure was also investigated. The WBPUs containing higher MDI content showed lower molecular weight, which verified the participation of some high reactive isocyanate groups of MDI into side reaction instead of chain growing reaction. As the MDI content increased, the storage modulus and tensile modulus/strength of WBPUs film increased, and their glass transitions of soft segments ( T gs ) and hard segments ( T gh ) were shifted to higher temperature. The intensity of tan δ peak of all three samples increased with increasing radiant exposure. The YI of H 12 MDI‐based WBPU sample (WBPU‐0) was not occurred. The YI of WBPUs containing MDI increased with increasing MDI content and radiant exposure. However, the YI of sample WBPU‐25 containing 25 mol % of MDI at 11.3 MJ/m 2 (radiant exposure) was 6.6 which is a permissible level for exterior applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Bisphosphonate Functionalized Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles Allow Long‐Term MRI/CT Multimodal Imaging of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement (2018)

Direct in vivo monitoring of bioconstructs using noninvasive imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) is not possible for many materials. Calcium phosphate-based composites (CPCs) that are applicable to bone regeneration are an example where the materials have poor MRI and CT contrast; hence, they are challenging to detect in vivo. In this study, a CPC construct is designed with gadolinium-oxide nanoparticles incorporated to act as an MRI/CT multimodal contrast agent. The gadolinium(III) oxide nanoparticles are synthesized via the polyol method and surface functionalized with a bisphosphonate (BP) derivative to give a construct (gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs)-BP) with strong affinity toward calcium phosphate. The CPC-GBCAs-BP functional material is longitudinally monitored after in vivo implantation in a condyle defect rat model. The synthetic method developed produces nanoparticles that are stable in aqueous solution (hydrodynamic diameter 70 nm) with significant T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> relaxivity demonstrated in both clinical 3 T and preclinical 11.7 T MRI systems. The combination of GBCAs-BP nanoparticles with CPC gives an injectable material with handling properties that are suitable for clinical applications. The BP functionalization prolongs the residence of the contrast agent within the CPC to allow long-term follow-up imaging studies. The useful contrast agent properties combined with biological compatibility indicate further investigation of the novel bone substitute hybrid material toward clinical application.
Biochemical characteristics of the heterophile transplantation antigen (HT‐A) (1984)

The Heterophile Transplantation Antigen (HT-A) is a clinically important antigen which is found in some human kidneys and on the erythrocytes and in the serum of rats and some other mammals. Recent reports suggest the possibility that the anti-HT-A antibodies responsible for graft rejection may cross react with one or more HL-A specificities. The ideal way to investigate this possibility would be to perform careful serological and biochemical comparisons of purified HT-A and HL-A. We report here the first stage of these investigations, the examination of the biochemical properties of HT-A. The HT-A molecule of rat plasma is apparently a glycoprotein with a molecular weight greater than 1,000,000. The HT-A antigenic determinant site seems to reside in the carbohydrate portion of the glycoprotein. The native HT-A molecule is apparently susceptible to proteolytic enzymes of rat plasma and serum and is cleaved by these enzymes to produce a fragment with a lower apparent molecular weight and a larger fragment which coelutes with lipoproteins during Sepharose CL-4B chromatography. The data presented here should allow development of a rational purification scheme for the HT-A glycoprotein of rat plasma to be used in further studies in the relationship between HT-A and HL-A.
Spectral Imaging Toolbox (2016)

&lt;span style='white-space:pre-line'&gt;Supports the publication pectral imaging toolbox: segmentation, hyperstack reconstruction, and batch processing of spectral images for the determination of cell and model membrane lipid order. BMC Bioinformatics, 18 (1), 254-261. (doi:10.1186/s12859-017-1656-2)&lt;/span&gt;
Circulating microRNA profiling for prediction of oncological outcomes in prostate cancer patients following radical prostatectomy (2022)

Circulating miRNA profiles can provide information to predict recurrence after prostatectomy. Our model may be helpful for physicians to decide follow-up strategies for patients.
Phase I study of escalating doses of edatrexate in combination with paclitaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer. (1999)

Motivated by the observation of preclinical synergy, a Phase I dose escalation study of edatrexate in combination with a 3-h paclitaxel infusion was performed in patients with advanced breast cancer to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of edatrexate and the toxicities associated with this combination and to report preliminary observations of efficacy with this novel combination. Thirty-six patients were enrolled in this Phase I trial. Thirty-five eligible patients were treated every 21 days in cohorts of at least three patients and were assessable for toxicity. One patient was ineligible due to hyperbilirubinemia. Stepwise dose escalations of edatrexate were administered until grade >3 nonhematological dose-limiting toxicities were reported. The initial dose level of edatrexate was 180 mg/m2; subsequent cohorts were treated with escalating doses of edatrexate (210, 240, 270, 300, 350, and 400 mg/m2). Edatrexate was administered by i.v. infusion over 1 h. Paclitaxel was administered 24 h later at a fixed dose of 175 mg/m2 as a 3-h infusion with standard dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, and cimetidine premedication. The MTD of edatrexate was reached at the 350 mg/m2 level in this study. Grade 3 diarrhea was seen in one patient at the 300 and 400 mg/m2 dose levels, requiring dose reductions. Two patients experienced grade 4 stomatitis at the 400 mg/m2 dose level and also required dose reduction, establishing the MTD as 350 mg/m2. Grade 3 nausea and vomiting were noted in two of three patients at the highest dose level. Of 35 patients, 4 patients reported grade 3 myalgias and 1 patient reported grade 3 neurosensory complaints, which were seen mostly at the 350 and 400 mg/m2 dose levels; however, 1 patient reported grade 3 myalgias at 180 mg/m2. No cumulative neurotoxicity was observed, and no patient experienced an allergic reaction to paclitaxel. In 23 patients with bidimensionally measurable disease, there were four complete (17%) and seven partial responses, with an overall response rate of 48% (95% confidence interval, 27-69%). All of the responses were seen in patients who had not received prior chemotherapy for stage IV disease. The median duration of response was not assessable because many responding patients went on to receive high-dose chemotherapy treatment with stem cell support. The combination of edatrexate and paclitaxel for treatment of metastatic breast cancer is a feasible and safe regimen. The MTD of edatrexate was 350 mg/m2 when combined with a 3-h infusion of paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) given 24 h later. Activity was noted even among patients who had relapsed shortly after receiving methotrexate- and/or doxorubicin-containing adjuvant regimens. Additional studies evaluating the sequences and dosing schema for this combination are warranted to improve the response proportion and define the duration of the response.
Properties of Fluorinated Graphene Films (2010)

Graphene films grown on Cu foils have been fluorinated with xenon difluoride (XeF(2)) gas on one or both sides. When exposed on one side the F coverage saturates at 25% (C(4)F), which is optically transparent, over 6 orders of magnitude more resistive than graphene, and readily patterned. Density functional calculations for varying coverages indicate that a C(4)F configuration is lowest in energy and that the calculated band gap increases with increasing coverage, becoming 2.93 eV for one C(4)F configuration. During defluorination, we find hydrazine treatment effectively removes fluorine while retaining graphene's carbon skeleton. The same films may be fluorinated on both sides by transferring graphene to a silicon-on-insulator substrate enabling XeF(2) gas to etch the Si underlayer and fluorinate the backside of the graphene film to form perfluorographane (CF) for which calculated the band gap is 3.07 eV. Our results indicate single-side fluorination provides the necessary electronic and optical changes to be practical for graphene device applications.
Chimeric siRNAs with chemically modified pentofuranose and hexopyranose nucleotides: altritol-nucleotide (ANA) containing GalNAc–siRNA conjugates: in vitro and in vivo RNAi activity and resistance to 5′-exonuclease (2020)

In this report, we investigated the hexopyranose chemical modification Altriol Nucleic Acid (ANA) within small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes that were otherwise fully modified with the 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro and 2'-O-methyl pentofuranose chemical modifications. The siRNAs were designed to silence the transthyretin (Ttr) gene and were conjugated to a trivalent N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligand for targeted delivery to hepatocytes. Sense and antisense strands of the parent duplex were synthesized with single ANA residues at each position on the strand, and the resulting siRNAs were evaluated for their ability to inhibit Ttr mRNA expression in vitro. Although ANA residues were detrimental at the 5' end of the antisense strand, the siRNAs with ANA at position 6 or 7 in the seed region had activity comparable to the parent. The siRNA with ANA at position 7 in the seed region was active in a mouse model. An Oligonucleotide with ANA at the 5' end was more stable in the presence of 5'-exonuclease than an oligonucleotide of the same sequence and chemical composition without the ANA modification. Modeling studies provide insight into the origins of regiospecific changes in potency of siRNAs and the increased protection against 5'-exonuclease degradation afforded by the ANA modification.
Developmental transcription factor NFIB is a putative target of oncofetal miRNAs and is associated with tumour aggressiveness in lung adenocarcinoma (2016)

Genes involved in fetal lung development are thought to play crucial roles in the malignant transformation of adult lung cells. Consequently, the study of lung tumour biology in the context of lung development has the potential to reveal key developmentally relevant genes that play critical roles in lung cancer initiation/progression. Here, we describe for the first time a comprehensive characterization of miRNA expression in human fetal lung tissue, with subsequent identification of 37 miRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that recapitulate their fetal expression patterns. Nuclear factor I/B (NFIB), a transcription factor essential for lung development, was identified as a potential frequent target for these 'oncofetal' miRNAs. Concordantly, analysis of NFIB expression in multiple NSCLC independent cohorts revealed its recurrent underexpression (in ∼40-70% of tumours). Interrogation of NFIB copy number, methylation, and mutation status revealed that DNA level disruption of this gene is rare, and further supports the notion that oncofetal miRNAs are likely the primary mechanism responsible for NFIB underexpression in NSCLC. Reflecting its functional role in regulating lung differentiation, low expression of NFIB was significantly associated with biologically more aggressive subtypes and, ultimately, poorer survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoelectron, IR, and Theoretical Study of 1‐Aza‐5‐boratricyclo[3.3.3.01,5]undecane and Related Compounds. (1986)

Abstract Die wie aufgezeigt synthetisierte Titelverbindung (III) und die analog erhaltenen zwei Diastereomeren (V) werden mittels Photoelektronenspektroskopie untersucht und die Ergebnisse anhand von MNDO‐Berechnungen interpretiert.