gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inorganic scintillating materials and scintillation detectors (2018)

Scintillation materials and detectors that are used in many applications, such as medical imaging, security, oil-logging, high energy physics and non-destructive inspection, are reviewed. The fundamental physics understood today is explained, and common scintillators and scintillation detectors are introduced. The properties explained here are light yield, energy non-proportionality, emission wavelength, energy resolution, decay time, effective atomic number and timing resolution. For further understanding, the emission mechanisms of scintillator materials are also introduced. Furthermore, unresolved problems in scintillation phenomenon are considered, and my recent interpretations are discussed. These topics include positive hysteresis, the co-doping of non-luminescent ions, the introduction of an aimed impurity phase, the excitation density effect and the complementary relationship between scintillators and storage phosphors.
MRI Diagnosis of Tuberculous Vertebral Osteomyelitis (1990)

Two patients with suspected tuberculous spondylitis and one patient with previous Pott's disease were evaluated preoperatively with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI provided more exact anatomic localization of vertebral and paravertebral tuberculous abscesses in multiple planes not previously available with more conventional diagnostic methods in the patients with suspected tuberculous spondylitis. This was helpful for localization in planning of surgical approaches. In the patient with previous Pott's disease, spinal cord compression was detected using MRI, which showed no evidence of active tuberculosis. Two case reports are offered to show the benefit of using MRI as a diagnostic technique in preoperative evaluation and as a method of monitoring treatment response of tuberculous spondylitis. The third case shows the benefit of using MRI to rule out active infection and to detect other forms of spinal pathology.
Alertness Training Improves Spatial Bias and Functional Ability in Spatial Neglect (2020)

Our results demonstrate that our attention training program was effective in improving the debilitating attention deficits common to hemispatial neglect. This benefit generalized to improvements in real-world functional abilities. This safe, highly scalable, and self-administered treatment for hemispatial neglect might serve as a useful addition to the existing standard of care. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:747-758.
A Thermoresponsive and Magnetic Colloid for 3D Cell Expansion and Reconfiguration (2014)

A dual thermoresponsive and magnetic colloidal gel matrix is described for enhanced stem-cell culture. The combined properties of the material allow enzyme-free passaging and expansion of mesenchymal stem cells, as well as isolation of cells postculture by the simple process of lowering the temperature and applying an external magnetic field. The colloidal gel can be reconfigured with thermal and magnetic stimuli to allow patterning of cells in discrete zones and to control movement of cells within the porous matrix during culture.
Simultaneous automatic detection of optic disc and fovea on fundus photographs (2011)

We describe an automated and simultaneous localization method for the optic disc and the fovea for fundus photographs. The method is enhanced by a correction step, which allows the detection result of one structure to facilitate the detection of the other one. In the first step of the method, a set of features is extracted from the color fundus image, and the relationship between the features and a distance variable is established during the training phase. For a test image, the same set of features is measured and the distance to the optic disc and the fovea can be estimated using k-nearest-neighbor classification. A probability image with every pixel labeled a probability of within the optic disc or the fovea is generated. In the second step of the method, a second k-nearest-neighbor classification is applied on the probability image. Another set of features is extracted and trained. For a test image, detected high likelihood regions from the first step can be enhanced only if they satisfy the trained relationship. A set of 250 color fundus images from the left eye were used to train the system. Another set of 310 color fundus images were used to test the system. The correct rate for the optic disc is 93.9%. The correct rate for the fovea is 88.1%. This is a fully automatic method to detect the optic disc and fovea simultaneously with excellent performance. We are currently expanding validation on larger datasets.
Regioisomeric Family of Novel Fluorescent Substrates for SHIP2 (2019)

SHIP2 (SH2-domain containing inositol 5-phosphatase type 2) is a canonical 5-phosphatase, which, through its catalytic action on PtdInsP<sub>3</sub>, regulates the PI3K/Akt pathway and metabolic action of insulin. It is a drug target, but there is limited evidence of inhibition of SHIP2 by small molecules in the literature. With the goal to investigate inhibition, we report a homologous family of synthetic, chromophoric benzene phosphate substrates of SHIP2 that display the headgroup regiochemical hallmarks of the physiological inositide substrates that have proved difficult to crystallize with 5-phosphatases. Using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), we explore the intrinsic fluorescence of these novel substrates and show how fluorescence can be used to assay enzyme activity. The TD-DFT approach promises to inform rational design of enhanced active site probes for the broadest family of inositide-binding/metabolizing proteins, while maintaining the regiochemical properties of <i>bona fide</i> inositide substrates.
Kinetic and thermomechanical analysis of hydrophobic–hydrophilic copolymer thermosets synthesized via free‐radical polymerization (2009)

Abstract The synthesis of a crosslinked copolymer of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A vinyl ester (VE), and 2‐acrylamido 2‐methyl 1‐propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) respectively, is discussed. A methodology for real‐time monitoring of the copolymerization reaction using transmission mode near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was employed that resolves overlapping peaks associated with the reactive double bonds. The influence of solvent, monomer ratio, and initiator concentration on the kinetic behavior of the system was investigated. The method of Mayo and Lewis was used to provide a qualitative understanding of the microstructure being formed. At low conversions (&lt;15%) and within the compositions of interest, greater VE homopolymerization as compared with AMPS homopolymerization was observed and the product of the reactivity ratios ( r AMPS . r VE ) was close to 0.5, suggesting the formation of a moderately random copolymer structure. Thermo‐mechanical analysis shows large concentrations of AMPS had a plasticizing effect on the network structure. Solvent removal using supercritical carbon dioxide and thermal drying were compared, and the drying technique were shown to have an effect on the glass transition temperature ( T g ), with the lowest T g being 146°C for supercritically dried samples and 121°C for thermally dried systems. Gel permeation chromatography shows that there is a significant fraction of an unbound mobile phase within the network structure that might be acting as a plasticizing agent for the copolymer structure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Analysis of cycle stealing with switching cost (2003)

We consider the scenario of two processors, each serving its own workload, where one of the processors (known as the "donor") can help the other processor (known as the "beneficiary") with its jobs, during times when the donor processor is idle. That is the beneficiary processor "steals idle cycles" from the donor processor. We assume that both donor jobs and beneficiary jobs may have generally-distributed service requirements. We assume that there is a switching cost required for the donor processor to start working on the beneficiary jobs, as well as a switching cost required for the donor processor to return to working on its own jobs. We also allow for threshold constraints, whereby the donor processor only initiates helping the beneficiary if both the donor is idle and the number of jobs at the beneficiary exceeds a certain threshold.We analyze the mean response time for the donor and beneficiary processors. Our analysis is approximate, but can be made as accurate as desired, and is validated via simulation. Results of the analysis illuminate several interesting principles with respect to the general benefits of cycle stealing and the design of cycle stealing policies.
<title>Adaptive optical 3D measurement with structured light</title> (1999)

The described 3D-measurement system with fringe projection applies the principle of uniform scale representation by the exclusive use of phase-measurement values for the coordinates of each point. The object under test is successively illuminated with a grating structure from at least 3 different directions with a telecentric system, whereas gray-code is combined with four or five 90 degs phase-shifts. A CCD-camera records the intensity distribution of the fringes that appear as intersection lines on the surface of the object. This gives the linearly independent absolute phase values which are necessary for the calculation of the coordinates. It should be pointed out that all coordinates (x, y, z) are determined with the same accuracy. To compensate the influence of specular reflections or shadow areas up to 15 directions of light projection can be used. Moreover, the object can be rotated around a second axis yielding other views of the object. So we get different patches of the object that are transformed into a global coordinate system without any interactive user help. During this procedure correlation methods or special points are not necessary. The calibration of the 3D-orientation of the second axis is realized with a special calibration body.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of 8 inflammation‐related genes and their associations with smoking‐related cancers (2010)

Tobacco smoke and its metabolites are carcinogens that increase tissue oxidative stress and induce target tissue inflammation. We hypothesized that genetic variation of inflammatory pathway genes plays a role in tobacco-related carcinogenesis and is modified by tobacco smoking. We evaluated the association of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms of 8 inflammation-related genes with tobacco-related cancers (lung, oropharynx, larynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, bladder, and kidney) using 3 case-control studies from: Los Angeles (population-based; 611 lung and 553 upper aero-digestive tract cancer cases and 1,040 controls), Taixing, China (population-based; 218 esophagus, 206 stomach, 204 liver cancer cases, and 415 controls), and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (hospital-based; 227 bladder cancer cases and 211 controls). After adjusting for age, education, ethnicity, gender, and tobacco smoking, IL10 rs1800871 was inversely associated with oropharyngeal cancer (CT+TT vs. CC adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50-0.95), and was positively associated with lung cancer among never smokers (TT vs. CT+CC aOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-5.1) and inversely with oropharyngeal cancer among ever smokers (CT+TT vs. CC aOR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41-0.95). Among all pooled never smokers (588 cases and 816 controls), TNF rs1799964 was inversely associated with smoking-related cancer (CC vs. CT+TT aOR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17-0.77). Bayesian correction for multiple comparisons suggests that chance is unlikely to explain our findings (although epigenetic mechanisms may be in effect), which support our hypotheses, suggesting that IL10 rs1800871 is a susceptibility marker for oropharyngeal and lung cancers, and that TNF rs1799964 is associated with smoking-related cancers among never smokers.
Identifying microRNAs regulating B7-H3 in breast cancer: the clinical impact of microRNA-29c (2014)

We identified miRNAs efficiently downregulating B7-H3 expression. The expression of miR-29c correlated with survival in breast cancer patients, suggesting a tumour suppressive role for this miRNA.
France Yesterday and Today. By Katherine Munro. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs; 1945. Pp. 107 (1947)

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Data Modeling and Synthetic Data Generation For Fine-Grained Networked Sensing (2003)

Sensor networks have drawn much attention because of their promising applications in environmental monitoring, seismology, and military surveillance. Despite increasing interest, sensor network research is still in its initial phase. Few real systems have been deployed and little data is available to test proposed protocol and data management designs. Most sensor network research to date uses randomly generated data input to simulate their systems. Some researchers have proposed using environmental monitoring data obtained from remote sensing or in-situ instrumentation. In many cases, neither of these approaches is relevant, because they are either collected from regular grid topology, or too coarse grained. This paper proposes to use synthetic data generation techniques to generate irregular data topology from data sets measured on a grid. To tackle this problem, we investigate the use of the available sparsely sampled data sets, model the spatio-temporal correlation in these data sets, and generate irregular topology data based on empirical models of the experimental data. Our goal is to more realistically evaluate sensor network system designs before large scale field deployment. In obtaining these synthetic data sets, we draw heavily on techniques developed in geo-statistics and other spatial interpolation techniques, but appropriately modify them for the application at hand. Our evaluation results on the radar data set of weather observations shows that the spatial correlation of the original and synthetic data are similar. Moreover, visual comparison shows that the synthetic data retains interesting properties (e.g., edges) of the original data. Our case study on the DIMENSIONS system demonstrates how synthetic data helps to evaluate the system over an irregular topology, and points out the need to improve the algorithm.
Real-Time Fluorogenic Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Assays to Nucleic Acid-Based Detection of Simulants and Biothreat Agents (2003)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an exquisitely sensitive method for the amplification and detection of genetic material (DNA and RNA sequences). We have developed several assays using a variation of PCR that proceeds very quickly and allows the monitoring of the progress of the reaction in real time. We describe here assays for the detection of the gene encoding staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), a toxin produced by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and an agent responsible for a significant fraction of food poisoning incidents worldwide. We also describe several assays for the detection of a simulant of viral pathogens, the bacteriophage MS2.
Quantitative Analysis of Flavor and Other Volatiles and for Certain Constituents of Two Tomato Cultivars during Ripening (1991)

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit, cvs. Sunny and Solar Set, were analyzed at five ripening stages for ethylene and CO 2 production. Homogenates from the same fruit were prepared for determination of color, flavor volatiles, sugars, and organic acids. Changes in the levels of these compounds were compared to the pattern of climacteric ethylene production. Of the flavor volatiles measured, only eugenol decreased during ripening in both cultivars and 1-penten-3-one in `Sunny' tomatoes. Ethanol and trans-2-trans- 4-decadienal levels showed no change or fluctuated as the fruit ripened while all other volatiles measured (cis- 3-hexenol, acetaldehyde, cis- 3-hexenal, trans-2- hexenal, hexenal acetone, 6-methyl-5 -hepten-2-one, geranylacetone, and 2-isobutylthiazole) increased in concentration, peaking in the turning, pink, or red stage of maturity. Synthesis of some volatile compounds occurred simultaneously with that of climacteric ethylene, CO 2 and lycopene production. `Solar Set' fruit exhibited higher levels than `Sunny' of all flavor components except ethanol and hexanal in the red stage. There were no differences in organic acid levels between the cultivars; however, `Solar Set' had higher levels of sugars. Changes in acid and sugar levels showed no temporal relationship to climacteric ethylene or CO 2 production.
Photophysical Properties and Photochemical Behaviour of Ruthenium(II) complexes containing the 2,2′‐bipyridine and 4,4′‐diphenyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine ligands (1988)

Abstract The temperature dependence of the emission lifetime of the series of complexes Ru(bpy) n (4,4′‐dpb) (bpy = 2,2′bipyridine, 4,4′‐dpb = 4,4′‐diphenyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine) has been studied in propionitrile/butyronitrile (4:5 v/v ) solutions in the range 90–293 K. The obtained photophysical parameters show that the energy separation between the metal‐to‐ligand charge tranfer ( 3 MLCT) emitting level and the photoreactive metal‐centered ( 3 MC) level changes across the series ( ΔE = 3960, 4100, 4300, and 4700 cm −1 for Ru(bpy) ), Ru(bpy)2(4,4′‐dpb) 2+ , Ru(bpy)(4,4′‐dpb) , and Ru(4,4′‐dpb) , respectively, where ΔE is the energy separation between the minimum of the 3 MLCT potential curve and 3 MLCT – 3 MC crossing point. Comparison between spectral and electrochemical data indicated that the changes in ΔE are due to stabilization of the MLCT levels in complexes containing 4,4′‐dpb with respect to Ru(bpy) 2+ 3 . The photochemical data for the same complexes (as I − salts) have been obtained in CH 2 Cl 2 in the presence of 0.01 M Cl − upon irradiation at 462 nm. The complexes containing 4,4′‐dpb are more photostable than Ru(bpy) . Comparison between the data for thermal population of the 3 MC photoreactive state and those for photochemistry indicated that the overall photochemical process is governed by ( i ) a thermal redistribution between the emitting and photoreactive excited states, and ( ii ) mechanistic factors, likely related to the size of the detaching ligand.
Improvement of Post-hypoxic Myoclonus with Bilateral Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature (2017)

We demonstrate a robust improvement in a medication refractory PHM patient with bilateral GPi-DBS, and suggest that it is a viable therapeutic option for debilitating post-hypoxic myoclonus.
Automated, self-aligned assembly of 12 fibers per nanophotonic chip with standard microelectronics assembly tooling (2015)

Silicon photonics technology aims to leverage microelectronic chip fabrication facilities to bring disruptive advancements in photonic circuits cost and complexity. However, the large scale deployment of silicon photonics is muted by the difficulty of cost-efficient and scalable, single-mode optical inputs and outputs. To disruptively improve on cost and scalability, we believe that the best approach is to enable existing high-throughput microelectronic packaging tools for single-mode photonic packaging. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate such approach with automated assembly of standard-fiber arrays to photonic chips. We identify the main challenges and solutions to enabling high-throughput pick-and-place tooling for single-mode photonic assembly. These include challenges with fiber handling, placement accuracy and limitations in movement complexity. We present a manufacturability assessment of the employed fiber-to-chip self-alignment. We show through Monte Carlo tolerance analysis an expected manufacturing re-alignment accuracy of <;1.3 um despite initial misalignments of up to ~40 um. We believe the approach proposed and demonstrated here can substantially improve on single-mode optical input and output cost and scalability.
Synergistic Benefits: Exploring the Anti-Virulence Effects of Metformin/Vildagliptin Antidiabetic Combination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa via Controlling Quorum Sensing Systems (2023)

The repurposing of drugs is one of the most competent strategies for discovering new antimicrobial agents. Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPI-4) that is used effectively in combination with metformin to control blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-virulence activities of this combination against one of the most clinically important pathogens, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. The current findings show a significant ability of the vildagliptin-metformin combination to diminish biofilm formation, bacterial motility, and the production of virulent extracellular enzymes and pyocyanin pigment. Furthermore, this drug combination significantly increased the susceptibility of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> to oxidative stress, indicating immunity enhancement in the eradication of bacterial cells. In compliance with the in vitro findings, the histopathological photomicrographs of mice showed a considerable protective effect of the metformin-vildagliptin combination against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, revealing relief of inflammation due to <i>P. aeruginosa</i>-induced pathogenesis. <i>P. aeruginosa</i> mainly employs quorum sensing (QS) systems to control the production of its huge arsenal of virulence factors. The anti-virulence activities of the metformin-vildagliptin combination can be interrupted by the anti-QS activities of both metformin and vildagliptin, as both exhibited a considerable affinity to QS receptors. Additionally, the metformin-vildagliptin combination significantly downregulated the expression of the main three QS-encoding genes in <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. These findings show the significant anti-virulence activities of metformin-vildagliptin at very low concentrations (10, 1.25 mg/mL, respectively) compared to the concentrations (850, 50 mg/mL, respectively) used to control diabetes.
Ciprofloxacin Inhibition of Experimental Fracture-Healing* (2000)

These data suggest that experimental fractures exposed to therapeutic concentrations of ciprofloxacin in serum demonstrate diminished healing during the early stages of fracture repair. The administration of ciprofloxacin during early fracture repair may compromise the clinical course of fracture-healing.
Postchemistry of Organic Microrods: Thermopolymerization in Aqueous Solution (2011)

Hot Rod: Using the reprecipitation method, microrods of 2,5-dibromo-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (DBEDOT) were prepared in aqueous solution. The as-synthesized microrods were found to polymerize in aqueous solution after heated at 75 °C for 4 hours. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.