gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma Protective Effect on Red Blood Cells Exposed to Mechanical Stress (1997)

Hemodilution with plasma expanders is a widely applied practice during extracorporeal circulation and hemodialysis. Despite the immediate beneficial effects of hemodilution, such as reduction of blood viscosity and red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, elevation of blood flow in the microcirculation, etc., the dilution of plasma may cause some unfavorable effects on RBCs, amplifying the mechanical damage caused by circulatory assist devices. The authors investigated the effect of partial and total replacement of plasma on susceptibility of human and bovine RBCs to mechanical stress in vitro. Hemolysis was measured after the exposure of RBCs suspended in different media to similar mechanical stress. Experiments were performed at room temperature with control of osmolality and viscosity of the suspension media. The lowest hemolysis was obtained for RBCs suspended in serum, plasma, and albumin solutions. Hemolysis in PBS and Dextran suspensions was more than three times higher than that in plasma (p < 0.001). The protective effect depended upon protein concentration. Human RBCs were found to be significantly more sensitive to mechanical stress than bovine RBCs in all investigated suspension media (p < 0.005). Human RBCs from men suspended in plasma were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) more fragile than RBCs from women. The presence of even
Combination Therapy with c-Met and Src Inhibitors Induces Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis of Merlin-Deficient Schwann Cells and Suppresses Growth of Schwannoma Cells (2017)

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a nervous system tumor disorder caused by inactivation of the merlin tumor suppressor encoded by the <i>NF2</i> gene. Bilateral vestibular schwannomas are a diagnostic hallmark of NF2. Mainstream treatment options for NF2-associated tumors have been limited to surgery and radiotherapy; however, off-label uses of targeted molecular therapies are becoming increasingly common. Here, we investigated drugs targeting two kinases activated in NF2-associated schwannomas, c-Met and Src. We demonstrated that merlin-deficient mouse Schwann cells (MD-MSC) treated with the c-Met inhibitor, cabozantinib, or the Src kinase inhibitors, dasatinib and saracatinib, underwent a G<sub>1</sub> cell-cycle arrest. However, when MD-MSCs were treated with a combination of cabozantinib and saracatinib, they exhibited caspase-dependent apoptosis. The combination therapy also significantly reduced growth of MD-MSCs in an orthotopic allograft mouse model by greater than 80% of vehicle. Moreover, human vestibular schwannoma cells with <i>NF2</i> mutations had a 40% decrease in cell viability when treated with cabozantinib and saracatinib together compared with the vehicle control. This study demonstrates that simultaneous inhibition of c-Met and Src signaling in MD-MSCs triggers apoptosis and reveals vulnerable pathways that could be exploited to develop NF2 therapies. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2387-98. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Expedient Synthesis of a Modular Phosphate Affinity Reagent (2010)

Isolation and identification of phosphorylated macromolecules is essential for the deconvolution of most biological regulatory networks. Koike and co-workers recently reported the application of a dinuclear zinc-(pyridylmethyl)amine complex to phosphate-specific affinity purifications and gave it the shorthand name "phos-tag". This complex is valuable for studying phosphorylation because it binds selectively to phosphate dianion in the presence of acidic functional groups at physiological pH, and because the binding is largely independent of molecular context. These properties of phos-tag recommend it for applications in phosphoproteomics, metabolomics, and nucleic acid biology. The catch has been that the molecule is difficult to make and prohibitively expensive to buy. Here, we describe an efficient and inexpensive synthesis of a phos-tag derivative with a versatile alkyne handle. The alkyne handle allows for attachment of phos-tag to alkyl azides via the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction ("click chemistry"). We characterize the phosphate binding behavior of the new phos-tag derivative in a variety of experimental assays, including its conjugation to a fluorescent reporter, to acrylamide gels, and to sepharose chromatography resin. The synthesis we report should enable a broader use of phos-tag for phosphate-related biochemistry, as both an analytical and a preparative reagent.
Antenna diversity evaluation for mobile terminals (2006)

In this paper we are focusing on the practical, engineering way of evaluating and characterizing the multi-channel antenna solutions on the mobile terminal. Two methods of calculating the parameters, describing the diversity performance, are described and the practical use of the methods in simulations and measurements are presented and evaluated. The time saving aspect of using the scattering parameters is lifted forward but also its limitations. For comparison, a statistical method for calculating Diversity Gain is also presented. This evaluation is performed for two multi-channel antenna solutions with different characteristics for the purpose of characterizing different diversity performances.
Evaluation of an advanced receiver concept for DECT (2002)

An advanced DECT receiver concept that is based upon a non-coherent differential detection with equalization, and includes switching diversity with performance of true RSSI selection diversity, has been previously described (Safavi et al., 1995). This paper deals with a hardware testbed evaluation of the concept. The analysis includes practical implementation aspects, performance results obtained from a wideband channel simulator, and measurements conducted in a typical DECT telepoint environment.
Automated optical cell detection, sorting, and temperature measurements (2011)

An automated cell detection and sorting system was developed, combining both the optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy (OFIS) technique and dielectrophoresis (DEP). The OFIS method utilizes a microfluidic channel as a Fabry-Perot cavity to produce characteristic transmission spectra of individual cells. The concept behind optical detection is that a decrease in spectral intensity beyond a threshold indicates that a cell is present. Upon detection, an RF voltage is automatically applied to electrodes, trapping the cell with DEP forces. The system then sorts the cell into one of two microfluidic channels based on resulting optical analysis. A further advantage is that RF joule heating can be measured from known dn/dT values of the medium, which is useful for investigating cell viability issues.
A STUDY OF TIME SERIES NOISE REDUCTION TECHNIQUES IN THE CONTEXT OF LAND COVER CHANGE DETECTION (2011)

Remote sensing data sets frequently suffer from noise due to atmospheric conditions and instrument issues. This noise negatively affects the usability of these data sets and therefore noise reduction techniques are frequently used to reduce the impact of noise. A well-known remote sensing data set, MODIS Enhance Vegetation Index (EVI), measures the amount of vegetation (based on surface reflectance) observed from satellite. This data set has been used for land cover change detection, in both regional-scale and global-scale studies. Many noise reduction techniques have seen proposed in the remote sensing literature but comparative studies to understand relative performance of these techniques are scarce. Furthermore, the existing comparative studies typically evaluate a small number of techniques on a specific geographical region. Therefore, little is known about the global applicability of these techniques. In addition, time series based land cover change detection algorithms are known to be negatively impacted by the presence of noise. This paper investigates the interrelations of regional noise characteristics, change detection algorithms, and noise reduction methods. The methods for noise reduction are applied in three different geographic regions and through comparison we outline the noise characteristics relevant to the performance of land cover change detection.
Synthesis and Characterization of Yttrium-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Their Potential Antimicrobial Activity (2021)

This study reports a detailed analysis of the yttrium doping effects into hydroxyapatite (HAp) nano-structures at different amounts (e.g., 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 15%) on the structural, spectroscopic, dielectric, and antimicrobial properties. For this purpose, seven HAp samples having the Y-contents mentioned above were prepared using the microwave-assisted sol-gel precipitation technique. The structure of synthesized samples was fully described via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR). Raman spectroscopy and dielectric measurements were used to characterize the spectroscopic properties. Furthermore, the samples’ antimicrobial features have been assisted through the agar disk diffusion technique. This study showed that the crystallinity decreased with the adding of Y-ions inside the HAp matrix. The Y-contents have influenced the crystallite size, lattice parameters, dislocation density, lattice strain, and unit cell volume. The surface morphology is composed of the agglomerated smaller particles. Remarkable changes in the dielectric properties were observed with the adding of Y-ions. The alternating current conductivity obeys the Jonscher’s relation. Y-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have a considerable inhibitory effect against bacteria and fungi (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans). The Y-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles are a promising material for bone cement engineering with a potential bio-activity
Training a CNN for Guidewire Detection (2019)

Guidewire detection is an important and challenging problem in image-guided interventions. The guidewire is barely visible in fluoroscopic sequences, since it is thin and the image has poor quality. Most recent methods for guidewire localization have a first level of pixel-wise detection based on a trained classifier on hand-crafted features. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) could in principle learn its own features, however training a CNN for guidewire detection has proved to be difficult because the wire is very thin and can have any orientation. In this paper we present a method to train a Fully Convolutional Neural Network for guidewire detection, and highlight what challenges are encountered during training for this particular problem. We also introduce the Spherical Quadrature Filters (SQF) for guidewire detection and show how they can be used to improve the training data. Experiments show that the trained CNN outperforms many popular approaches such as the Frangi filter, the SQF and a trained classifier based on hand-crafted feature. Furthermore, we observe that a CNN approach that uses the SQF to obtain better aligned training examples further improves the detection accuracy.
Vision-Based Pole-Like Obstacle Detection and Localization for Urban Mobile Robots (2018)

Despite the enormous progress of the last years, urban environments still represent a challenge for robot autonomous navigation. This paper focuses on the problem of detecting street pole-like obstacles using a monocular camera. Such obstacles, due to their thin structure, may be difficult to be detected by common active sensors like lasers. This is even more critical for innovative solid state LiDARs like the one employed in this work because, at the actual state, they are characterized by very low angular resolutions. The approach described here is based on identifying poles as long vertical structures in the image and in locating them with respect to the robot using a Kalman filter based depth estimation. This information can then be fused with the information coming from LiDARs realizing a complete obstacle detection module.
Erratum: Ion Shower Doping of Polysilicon Films on Polyethersulfone Substrates for Flexible TFT Arrays (2006)

Erratum: Ion Shower Doping of Polysilicon Films on Polyethersulfone Substrates for Flexible TFT Arrays [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 9, H61 (2006)] Jongman Kim, Wan-Shick Hong, Sunghyun Lee, Kyung-Bae Park, Do-Young Kim, Ji Sim Jung, Jang-Yeon Kwon, and Takashi Noguchi Samsung Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, San 24 Nongseo-ri, Kiheung-eup, Yongin-city, Kyunggi-do 449-711, Korea Department of Nano Science and Technology, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea Department of Electronics Engineering, Sejong University, 98 Kunja-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea
Prevalence and Outcomes of Cryptococcal Antigenemia in HIV-Seropositive Patients Hospitalized for Suspected Tuberculosis in Uganda (2013)

Occult cryptococcal antigenemia occurs commonly among hospitalized HIV-seropositive patients with suspected TB. CrAg testing should be considered in hospitalized HIV-seropositive patients with CD4 count <50 cells/μL, coupled with longer follow-up to evaluate the diagnostic value of CrAg and therapeutic interventions in patients with asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia.
Dispersion of Cobalt Nanoparticles on Nanowires Grown on Silicon Carbide-Alumina Nanocomposites (2017)

Silicon carbide-alumina nanocomposite supports including a nanowire architecture for a high dispersion of cobalt nanocatalysts were fabricated using a modified sol–gel process and paste extrusion process to form cylindrical shape beads, followed by thermal treatment. Well-developed aluminosilicate nanowires were formed on a nanoporous support, which are grown from a catalytic metal seed at the nanowire growth tips during heat treatment at 1,100 °C for 1 h under nitrogen gas flow. Cobalt oxide precursors were highly dispersed on the nanowires grown on the surface of the nanoporous bodies through a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid-assisted wet-impregnation process. The highly-dispersed Co nanoparticles with size of less than 10 nm were finally obtained on the nanowires via phase transitions from Co₃O₄ to CoO and from CoO to Co during the thermal reduction.
Implant Survivorship and Complication Rates After Total Knee Arthroplasty With a Third-Generation Cemented System: 15-Year Follow-Up (2018)

This work is a retrospective cohort study evaluating patients who had undergone third-generation cemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with prostheses (NexGen, Zimmer Biomet) utilizing posterior-stabilized (PS) and cruciate-retaining (CR) designs at a single center at their 15-year follow-up. The purpose of this study is to determine the functional knee scores, reoperations, and long-term survivorship for patients with the NexGen Zimmer Biomet Knee system at the 15-year follow-up. In total, 99 patients who had undergone primary TKA were followed for 15 years. At the 15-year follow-up, survivorship in both study groups was similar: 98% for PS TKAs and 100% for CR TKAs. The 2 groups also showed similar functionality: 80% of the PS implants and 89% of the CR implants were associated with no or mild pain (P = .40). Reoperation rates were 2% for the PS group and 0% for the CR group (P = .38). No differences in any of the outcomes analyzed were observed between patients who had CR TKA and those who had undergone PS TKA. Our study found no significant differences in functional outcomes between PS and CR NexGen knee implants. Patients treated by both methods showed excellent longevity and survivorship at the 15-year follow-up.
Principles of Eventual Consistency (2014)

In globally distributed systems, shared state is never perfect. When communication is neither fast nor reliable, it is not possible to achieve strong consistency, low latency, and availability at the same time. Unfortunately, abandoning strong consistency has wide ramifications. Eventual consistency, though attractive from a performance viewpoint, is challenging to understand and reason about for both system architects and programmers. To provide robust abstractions, we need not just systems but also principles; we need the ability to articulate what a consistency protocol is supposed to guarantee, and the ability to prove or refute such claims. Principles of Eventual Consistency carefully examines both the what and the how of consistency in distributed systems. It provides the reader with tools for reasoning about consistency of protocols. The emphasis is on using basic mathematical techniques, such as sets, relations, and first order logic, to describe a wide variety of consistency guarantees, and to define protocols with a level of precision that enables us to prove both positive results - correctness of protocols - and negative results - refute implementability.
Effects of long-term valproic acid treatment on hematological and biochemical parameters in adolescent psychiatric inpatients (2015)

The objective of this study was to determine the long-term hematological and biochemical side effects of valproic acid (VPA) in psychiatric adolescent inpatients. A retrospective naturalistic study design was used. Participants were psychiatric inpatients treated with VPA, alone or in combination with other medications. Electronic medical files were reviewed for changes in hematological and biochemical parameters following a course of VPA treatment. One hundred and four adolescents aged 12-18 (mean 15.76±1.58) years fulfilled the study criteria. The mean blood level and duration of VPA treatment were 65.81±22.18 mcg/ml and 98.57±135.94 days, respectively. The mean levels of thyroid-stimulating hormones and triglyceride levels increased significantly from the first to the last measurement. Platelet count decreased significantly following VPA treatment. No correlation was observed between these parameters and age, duration of treatment, or VPA levels. No serious adverse events were reported. Long-term VPA treatment in adolescents with psychiatric disorders is associated with significant increases in triglyceride levels. Moreover, VPA-treated adolescent psychiatric inpatients may be at risk of developing pituitary-thyroid axis dysregulation and decreased platelet count. Therefore, baseline measurement of thyroid functions and metabolic and hematological parameters and monitoring throughout the treatment are recommended.
Introduction to the Issue on Optical Micro- and Nanosystems (2007)

The six invited and 30 contributed papers in this special issue focus on optical micro- and nanosystems. They are grouped into the following categories: spatial light modulators; resonators and waveguides; biophotonics; photonic crystals and plasmonics; optical scanning devices and systems; optical switches; lasers; sensors; and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS).
Compander systems with adaptive preemphasis/deemphasis using linear prediction (2006)

A new class of compander systems is proposed that combines conventional broad-band companders with adaptive filtering based on linear prediction. This allows not only for reduction, but also spectral shaping of noise induced e.g. in FM radio links. Evaluation using a simulation application shows a significant increase in perceived audio quality compared to conventional compander systems.
Electromagnetic orientation using MIMO channel sounding in a GPS-denied environment (2013)

Summary form only given. For unmanned aerial vehicle guidance, when external positioning systems such as GPS are not available, alternate navigation methods must be used. Existing methods for self-localization, such as optical image registration, are limited to daytime operation and can be made non-functional by dust, smoke, or clouds. We propose a bio-inspired electromagnetic orientation (EO) technique based on multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channel matrices for position discrimination that will allow localization in all weather conditions. The EO navigation method is inspired by certain species of birds that use acoustic orientation to discriminate position and recognize a specific nesting area from among hundreds of other ones in a dark cave. Both the acoustic properties and RF propagation characteristics of a given environment are strongly position dependent. In particular, the MIMO propagation channel matrix defines the transfer function of the signal between the transmit and receive antennas, making it highly dependent on location and orientation. By comparing the matrices collected at various points to a database of pre-collected data, it is possible for a vehicle to self-localize. Using a terrain scattering model, we showed that by comparing the norm of the difference of channel matrices, it is possible to recognize position at X band with centimeter-scale accuracy. Performance of the system varied significantly with the propagation characteristics of the environment. Low multipath environments produced less variation in the channel matrices, and channel matrix comparisons provided a radius of localization of several wavelengths. In contrast, tests in environments with strong multipath characteristics exhibited localization scales smaller than a wavelength. While localization on a centimeter scale is desirable for precision navigation, most applications require longer localization ranges to avoid missed waypoints. To increase the range of the EO method to ~ 1 m, a comparison method based on the channel covariance matrix was developed. To test the EO method experimentally, we employed a lightweight FMCW X band radar unit with one transmit and two receive antennas. The unit was mounted on a custom-built scanner unit that moved the radar platform in two dimensions. Experimental measurements exhibited similar properties to the simulations for both low- and high-multipath environments.
Pathology in a tub step 2: simple, rapid fabrication of curved, circular cross section millifluidic channels for biopsy preparation/3D imaging towards pancreatic cancer detection and diagnosis (2018)

3D pathology is intrinsically dependent on 3D microscopy, or the whole tissue imaging of patient tissue biopsies (TBs). Consequently, unsectioned needle specimens must be processed whole: a procedure which cannot necessarily be accomplished through manual methods, or by retasking automated pathology machines. Thus "millifluidic" devices (for millimeter-scale biopsies) are an ideal solution for tissue handling/preparation. TBs are large, messy and a solid-liquid mixture; they vary in material, geometry and structure based on the organ biopsied, the clinician skill and the needle type used. As a result, traditional microfluidic devices are insufficient to handle such mm-sized samples and their associated fabrication techniques are impractical and costly with respect to time/efficiency. Our research group has devised a simple, rapid fabrication process for millifluidic devices using jointed skeletal molds composed of machined, reusable metal rods, segmented rods and stranded wire as structural cores; these cores are surrounded by Teflon outer housing. We can therefore produce curving, circular-cross-section (CCCS) millifluidic channels in rapid fashion that cannot normally be achieved by microfabrication, micro-/CNC-machining, or 3D printing. The approach has several advantages. CLINICAL: round channels interface coring needles. PROCESSING: CCCS channels permit multi-layer device designs for additional (processing, monitoring, testing) stages. REUSABILITY: for a biopsy/needle diameter, molding (interchangeable) components may be produced one-time then reused for other designs. RAPID: structural cores can be quickly removed due to Teflon®'s ultra-low friction; housing may be released with ethanol; PDMS volumes cure faster since metal skeleton molds conduct additional heat from within the curing elastomer.