gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detectability comparisons of image reconstruction algorithms using the Channelized Hotelling Observer with bootstrap resampled data (2005)

A bootstrap resampling method for pre-corrected PET data is proposed and applied to measured data in order to simulate repeated experiments. An elliptical phantom with two hot spheres (1.2 cm and 2.2 cm diameter) in a warm background was scanned in a GE Advance PET system. The sphere to background ratio was 3.3:1. Randoms, scatter, attenuation and dead time corrections were applied to the sinogram data. The method was validated using the Student's t- and F-statistical tests. Validation tests indicate that applying the bootstrap method to the pre-corrected PET data preserved the statistical characteristics of the images. The quality of image reconstruction of both measured data and resampled data were tested using the Channelized Hotelling Observer (CHO). Two reconstruction methods, filtered backprojection (FBP) and penalized maximum likelihood using space-alternating generalized EM (PML-SAGE), were compared. In the initial study, detectabilities of FBP were higher than the ones of PML-SAGE for the small sphere detection, while detectabilities of PML-SAGE were higher than the ones of FBP for the big sphere detection. Detectabilities for resampled data appears higher than those for experiment data; the number of tested resampled data was 100, and 20 for experiment data.
Nature-inspired design of soft, hard and hybrid metasurfaces (2010)

A nature-inspired optimization method is applied in designing metasurfaces with customized electromagnetic properties. Characterized by their surface impedances, FSSbased metasurfaces such as soft and hybrid surfaces were realized within the desired frequency band, demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed design methodology. The optimized metasurfaces were further matched to a homogeneous metamaterial structure, which can greatly simplify the evaluation of their performance in antenna applications.
Dimethyl ether/CO2 – a hitherto underestimated H2 storage cycle (2023)

The DME/CO 2 storage cycle is particularly suitable for point-to-point transport of renewable hydrogen over long distances.
<title>Nonlinear compensation of distortions introduced by the presence of metal objects in magnetic resonance imaging</title> (2001)

Magnetic resonance imaging exhibits technical characteristics that make it invaluable in medical diagnosis. However its full potential has been severely limited by the presence of imaging artifacts. These artifacts cause distortions in the obtained images, which no longer represent faithfully the object being imaged. In this work, we study the particular type of artifact known as magnetic susceptibility differences artifacts, caused by the presence of a ferromagnetic source. Previously, we have quantified these artifacts from three different perspectives: (1) pixel displacement, (2) blurring and (3) non-linearity. However, the non-linear distortions were quantified using a single-parameter non-linear function. In the present study, a multiparameter non-linear function based on polynomial series is used in the optimization. The results show that this modification allows for more flexibility and, as a result, improves the optimization algorithm.
Hydrogen Isotope Exchange Properties of Porous Solids Containing Hydrogen (2005)

The use of catalysts to improve the exchange kinetics between hydrogen isotopes in the gas phase and that in the solid phase was investigated. Granules of alumina, silica and molecular sieve were coated with platinum as the catalyst. The granules saturated with water at room humidity were packed in a 2-cm diameter column for isotope exchange tests. Deuterium and protium were alternately fed through the column at a constant rate. Isotope concentration in column effluent was monitored to generate isotope break-through curves. The curves were analyzed to produce information on the kinetics and capacity of the material. The results showed that all materials tested provided some extent of isotope exchange but some were superior both in kinetics and capacity. This paper will present the test results.
Flexible and Scalable State Tracking Framework for Goal-Oriented Dialogue Systems (2018)

Goal-oriented dialogue systems typically rely on components specifically developed for a single task or domain. This limits such systems in two different ways: If there is an update in the task domain, the dialogue system usually needs to be updated or completely re-trained. It is also harder to extend such dialogue systems to different and multiple domains. The dialogue state tracker in conventional dialogue systems is one such component - it is usually designed to fit a well-defined application domain. For example, it is common for a state variable to be a categorical distribution over a manually-predefined set of entities (Henderson et al., 2013), resulting in an inflexible and hard-to-extend dialogue system. In this paper, we propose a new approach for dialogue state tracking that can generalize well over multiple domains without incorporating any domain-specific knowledge. Under this framework, discrete dialogue state variables are learned independently and the information of a predefined set of possible values for dialogue state variables is not required. Furthermore, it enables adding arbitrary dialogue context as features and allows for multiple values to be associated with a single state variable. These characteristics make it much easier to expand the dialogue state space. We evaluate our framework using the widely used dialogue state tracking challenge data set (DSTC2) and show that our framework yields competitive results with other state-of-the-art results despite incorporating little domain knowledge. We also show that this framework can benefit from widely available external resources such as pre-trained word embeddings.
The Influence of Ozone: Superstoichiometric Oxygen in Atomic Layer Deposition of Fe2O3 Using tert-Butylferrocene and O3 (2019)

This work demonstrates a mechanistic study of iron oxide deposited by ALD, revealing a growth mechanism involving uptake of superstoichiometric oxygen. Material characterization shows ozone exposure can be used to convert the crystallographic phase and domain orientation of the materials. This mechanism has implications for wider classes of ozone-based ALD processes and can generalize to other systems.&lt;br&gt;
Final report on EURAMET.T-K7.1: Bilateral key comparison of water triple point cells (2013)

This is the final report of key comparison EURAMET.T-K7.1, a bilateral comparison of water triple point cells between the Czech Metrology Institute, CMI, and the Slovensky Metrologicky Ustav, SMU, of Slovakia. The comparison was requested by CMI, and the measurement protocol was compatible with the one used for key comparison EUROMET.T-K7. The results show a satisfactory degree of equivalence between SMU and CMI, and allow linkage to the parent key comparison EUROMET.T-K7. As a consequence, CMI is able to support CMCs at the temperature of the triple point of water and submit them for publication in the KCDB. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Modal response of a simply supported plate driven by a single, asymmetric piezoelectric actuator for use as a flat-panel loudspeaker (2015)

An approximate analytical solution for the mechanical response of a thin plate to a single, asymmetrically bonded piezoelectric driver has been found. Previous work has focused only on the response of plates driven by symmetrically aligned actuators or for beams with drivers bonded to one side. The relative magnitudes of extensional and flexural waves produced by the single-sided driver configuration were determined as a function of the physical parameters of the plate and driver. The modal response of flexural waves for a simply supported thin plate also was determined. Interactions at the plate boundaries with the support structure may convert extensional waves into sound-producing flexural waves, which can lead to audio distortion. A non-moment inducing support scheme with high damping is proposed to minimize this effect.
An overview of the resilience world: Proceedings of the American Geriatrics Society and National Institute on Aging State of Resilience Science Conference (2023)

Resilience, which relates to one's ability to respond to stressors, typically declines with age and the development of comorbid conditions in older organisms. Although progress has been made to improve our understanding of resilience in older adults, disciplines have employed different frameworks and definitions to study various aspects of older adults' response to acute or chronic stressors. "Overview of the Resilience World: State of the Science," a bench-to-bedside conference on October 12-13, 2022, was sponsored by the American Geriatrics Society and National Institute on Aging. This conference, summarized in this report, explored commonalities and differences among the frameworks of resilience most commonly used in aging research in the three domains of resilience: physical, cognitive, and psychosocial. These three main domains are intertwined, and stressors in one domain can lead to effects in other domains. The themes of the conference sessions included underlying contributors to resilience, the dynamic nature of resilience throughout the life span, and the role of resilience in health equity. Although participants did not agree on a single definition of "resilience(s)," they identified common core elements of a definition that can be applied to all domains and noted unique features that are domain specific. The presentations and discussions led to recommendations for new longitudinal studies of the impact of exposures to stressors on resilience in older adults, the use of new and existing cohort study data, natural experiments (including the COVID-19 pandemic), and preclinical models for resilience research, as well as translational research to bring findings on resilience to patient care.
Fast Encoding Method For Image Vector Quantization By Using Partial Sum Concept In Walsh Domain (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Pacemaker Neurons: Effects of Regularly Spaced Synaptic Input (1993)

The consequences of inhibitory or excitatory synaptic input between pacemaker neurons were predicted mathematically and through digital-computer simulations, and the predicted behavior was found to occur in abdominal ganglia of Aplysia and in stretch receptors of Procambarus. Discharge patterns under conditions that do not involve interneuronal feedback are characteristic and self-stabilizing. Paradoxically, increased arrival rates of inhibitory input can increase firing rates, and increased excitatory input rates can decrease firing rates.
A Pareto-Optimality Based Multi-Objective Optimisation Approach to Assist Optical Network (Re-)Design Choices (2021)

This paper presents a Pareto-optimality based multi-objective optimisation approach to optimise optical network parameters considering multiple performance metrics simultaneously. Resultant Pareto-optimal solutions provide a set of options for practitioners to assist network (re-)design choices considering multiple (conflicting) performance goals.
BEOL Compatible High-Capacitance MIMCAP Structure Using a Novel High k Material (2020)

We demonstrate a MIM capacitor structure using ZrO 2 for the dielectric layer. This exhibits a 25% capacitance increase with minimal leakage current increase compared to Hf based dielectrics, extending the usefulness of MIM on-chip decoupling capacitors. The MIM structure, suitable for BEOL processing is TiN/ZrO 2 /TiN combined with an anneal which is shown to improve the capacitance vs. leakage performance compared to doped and undoped HfO 2 based control structures. GI-XRD measurements demonstrate that the capacitance increase corresponds with a phase transformation from amorphous to cubic phase, which is shown to have a dielectric constant (k) up to 35. Reliability models based on hard-breakdown (HBD) show that this structure exceeds the end-of-life targets.
Antibody engineering and therapeutics conference (2014)

The 25th anniversary of the Antibody Engineering & Therapeutics Conference, the Annual Meeting of The Antibody Society, will be held in Huntington Beach, CA, December 7-11, 2014. Organized by IBC Life Sciences, the event will celebrate past successes, educate participants on current activities and offer a vision of future progress in the field. Keynote addresses will be given by academic and industry experts Douglas Lauffenburger (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Ira Pastan (National Cancer Institute), James Wells (University of California, San Francisco), Ian Tomlinson (GlaxoSmithKline) and Anthony Rees (Rees Consulting AB and Emeritus Professor, University of Bath). These speakers will provide updates of their work, placed in the context of the substantial growth of the industry over the past 25 years.
HLA-A2-restricted CTL responses to mutated BRAF peptides in melanoma patients (2006)

Somasundaram, R.; Swoboda, R.; Caputo, L.; Ostvos, L.; Elder, D.; Herlyn, D. Author Information
Glucose Transport and Phosphorylation in Skeletal Muscle in Obesity: Insight from a Muscle-Specific Positron Emission Tomography Model (2003)

A controversial area in understanding the contribution of obesity to skeletal muscle insulin resistance is the distribution of control of glucose metabolism across proximal steps of glucose delivery, trans-membrane transport, and intracellular trapping via phosphorylation. Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of skeletal muscle [(18)F]2-deoxy-2-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) uptake provides an in vivo method for assessment of these steps in humans. In the current study we have examined the application of a four-compartment skeletal muscle-specific model for assessment of (18)F-FDG metabolism that takes interstitial (18)F-FDG kinetics into account and compared this to the classic three-compartment model in lean and obese volunteers. We assessed the effects of insulin infusions at three rates (0, 40, and 120 mU/m(2).min). In comparison with the classic model, the skeletal muscle-specific model reveals more clearly definable effects of insulin on transmembrane glucose transport and an impairment of this response in obesity. Compared with the classic model for assessment of (18)F-FDG metabolism, both the skeletal muscle-specific and the classic model indicate that, with respect to distribution of control, glucose phosphorylation has an important effect at low to moderate levels of insulin stimulation in both lean and obese subjects.
New error resilience method for video transmission in DS-CDMA systems (2003)

This paper introduces a new error resilience method for reliable video transmission in DS-CDMA systems. The new scheme is designed to stop error propagation in the decoded video sequence originated by residual channel errors. Although our technique is general, we focus here on the problem of providing reliable video communication from wired users to mobile users in slow fading environments. This scenario has been shown to be the most critical due to long block error bursts present in the forward link of CDMA systems, and the inability of error resilience approaches incorporated in wired video codecs to guarantee an acceptable video quality in wireless transmissions. Numerical results show that our approach achieves important improvements in the quality of the decoded video.
Speckle imaging of coherent sources (1996)

Two methods for restoration of images of coherently illuminated objects or coherent sources using multiple short-exposure images are proposed. The first method is based on the same concepts as the Knox-Thompson technique used for incoherent imaging. Sampling resolution requirements are calculated as a function of turbulence strength and lens size. The second method uses a probability maximization technique to form an estimate of the object based on the images taken and knowledge of the statistical nature of atmospheric turbulence. Both techniques require phase information of the electric field in the image plane. Methods of obtaining this information are also discussed.
Adaptive, best-effort delivery of live audio and video across packet-switched networks (1994)

No abstract available.
Anti-knock quality of sugar derived levulinic esters and cyclic ethers (2017)

The objective of this paper is to investigate the anti-knock quality of sugar-derived levulinic esters (methyl levulinate (ML) and ethyl levulinate (EL)) and cyclic ethers (furfuryl ethyl ether (FEE) and ethyl tetrahydrofurfuryl ether (ETE)). To this end, combustion experiments were carried out in both an engine and a constant volume autoignition device (modified ignition quality tester (IQT)). The results from both apparatuses demonstrate that ML, EL and FEE have superior anti-knock quality to the reference Euro95 gasoline. ETE, conversely, performed markedly worse than the reference fuel on both setups and might therefore be a more appropriate fuel additive for compression ignition engines. The main reason of the distinctions in anti-knock quality can be found in the molecular structure of the neat biofuels. ML and EL are levulinic esters, with a ketone (CO) functionality and an ester (C(O)–O) group on the carbon chain. They can readily produce stable intermediates during the auto-ignition process, thereby slowing down the overall reaction rate. The unsaturated cyclic ether (FEE) has very strong ring C–H bonds. However, the saturated cyclic ether (ETE) has weak ring C–H bonds, which facilitate more readily ring opening reactions. Ethyl side chains on the cyclic ethers further accelerate the reaction rate. Importantly for future research, our results suggest that the modified (IQT) and engine experiments are interchangeable setups with respect to qualitative anti-knock quality evaluation of novel compounds.
To Be Determined (2005)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Y. Fink, "To Be Determined," in Integrated Photonics Research and Applications/Nanophotonics for Information Systems, Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 2005), paper NWC1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Design, Synthesis, Computational Prediction, and Biological Evaluation of Ester Soft Drugs as Inhibitors of Dihydrofolate Reductase fromPneumocystis carinii (2001)

A series of lipophilic soft drugs structurally related to the nonclassical dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors trimetrexate and piritrexim have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated in DHFR assays, with special emphasis on the inhibition of P. carinii DHFR. The best inhibitors, encompassing an ester bond in the bridge connecting the two aromatic systems, were approximately 10 times less potent than trimetrexate and piritrexim. The metabolites were designed to be poor inhibitors. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations of three ligands in complex with DHFR from Pneumocystis carinii and from the human enzyme were conducted in order to better understand the factors determining the selectivity. A correct ranking of the relative inhibition of DHFR was achieved utilizing the linear interaction energy method. The soft drugs are intended for local administration. One representative ester was selected for a pharmacokinetic study in rats where it was found to undergo fast metabolic degradation to the predicted inactive metabolites.
Cerebral microvascular dysfunction in angiotensin II‐induced hypertension (2008)

Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Although hypertension is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke, and inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of stroke, relatively little is known about the inflammatory effects of arterial hypertension in the cerebral microcirculation. The objective of this study was to determine whether angiotensin II (AngII)‐induced hypertension promotes blood cell‐endothelial cell adhesion in cerebral venules. Leukocyte and platelet adhesion were monitored in cerebral venules of C57Bl/6 mice via a cranial window. Hypertension was induced by subcutaneous implantation of an AngII‐loaded Alzet pump for a 2 wk period. Mice were placed on either a normal (ND) or high salt diet (HSD). AngII infusion induced a dose‐dependent (400–2000 ng/kg/min) increase in arterial pressure, which was higher in HSD mice. Mice on either ND or HSD exhibited an increased adhesion of both leukocytes and platelets at 600 ng/kg/min. Higher AngII doses did not elicit further increases in blood cell adhesion in ND mice, but further dose‐dependent increases were noted HSD mice. Blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability was increased by AngII in both ND and HSD mice. These findings indicate that the cerebral microcirculation assumes an inflammatory and pro‐thrombogenic phenotype in AngII‐induced hypertension, which may account for the accompanying BBB dysfunction. (HL26441)
Short-term Electricity Price Forecasting with Empirical Mode Decomposition based Ensemble Kernel Machines (2017)

Short-term electricity price forecasting is a critical issue for the operation of both electricity markets and power systems. An ensemble method composed of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) is presented in this paper. For this purpose, the electricity price signal was first decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by EMD, followed by a KRR which was used to model each extracted IMF and predict the tendencies. Finally, the prediction results of all IMFs were combined by an SVR to obtain an aggregated output for electricity price. The electricity price datasets from Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) are used to test the effectiveness of the proposed EMD-KRR-SVR approach. Simulation results demonstrated attractiveness of the proposed method based on both accuracy and efficiency.
Functional role of polar amino acid residues in Na+/H+ exchangers (2001)

Na(+)/H(+) exchangers are a family of ubiquitous membrane proteins. In higher eukaryotes they regulate cytosolic pH by removing an intracellular H(+) in exchange for an extracellular Na(+). In yeast and Escherichia coli, Na(+)/H(+) exchangers function in the opposite direction to remove intracellular Na(+) in exchange for extracellular H(+). Na(+)/H(+) exchangers display an internal pH-sensitivity that varies with the different antiporter types. Only recently have investigations examined the amino acids involved in pH-sensitivity and in cation binding and transport. Histidine residues are good candidates for H(+)-sensing amino acids, since they can ionize within the physiological pH range. Histidine residues have been shown to be important in the function of the E. coli Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NhaA and in the yeast Na(+)/H(+) exchanger sod2. In E. coli, His(225) of NhaA may function to interact with, or regulate, the pH-sensory region of NhaA. In sod2, His(367) is also critical to transport and may be a functional analogue of His(225) of NhaA. Histidine residues are not critical for the function of the mammalian Na(+)/H(+) exchanger, although an unusual histidine-rich sequence of the C-terminal tail has some influence on activity. Other amino acids involved in cation binding and transport by Na(+)/H(+) exchangers are only beginning to be studied. Amino acids with polar side chains such as aspartate and glutamate have been implicated in transport activity of NhaA and sod2, but have not been studied in the mammalian Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in pH-sensitivity and cation binding and transport by Na(+)/H(+) exchangers.