gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathobiology, prognosis, and targeted therapy for renal cell carcinoma: exploiting the hypoxia-induced pathway. (2003)

Historically, clinical factors have been used as prognostic markers for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis, behavior, and molecular biology of RCC have paved the way for developments that may enhance early diagnosis, better predict tumor prognosis, and improve survival for RCC patients. This report reviews the molecular mechanisms of the hypoxia-induced pathway that play an essential role in angiogenesis, glycolysis, and apoptosis of common cancers and may be responsible for the ability of the cancers to adapt to a hypoxic environment and also for their resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. The hypoxia-induced pathway has been linked genetically to RCC through the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene, which is inactivated in a majority of clear cell RCCs. Therefore, RCC is a particularly attractive clinical model to exploit the hypoxia-induced pathway for new therapeutic interventions. von Hippel-Lindau, hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha, carbonic anhydrase IX, vascular endothelial growth factor, and other important members of the hypoxia-induced gene family, provide new molecular targets for diagnosis, prognosis, and immunotherapy of RCC.
Influence of Acid-Fracture Fluid Properties on Acid-Etched Surfaces and Resulting Fracture Conductivity (2010)

Abstract While experimental studies have shown acid type significantly influences resulting fracture conductivity, there has been limited work on how fluid properties relate to etched fracture faces and hence the resulting conductivity. The effects of acid solutions injected into hydraulic fractures created in carbonate formations can be assessed at the laboratory scale in acid fracture conductivity tests that mimic the conditions in an actual acid fracture treatment. Many different acid systems are currently applied in acid fracturing treatments with various degrees of success. However, there is no clear understanding of the mechanisms that lead to success of a treatment. It is clear that acid properties influence and shape the success of an acid fracturing treatment. In order to develop a better methodology for design of acid fracturing treatments, the effect of acid fluid properties on the resulting conductivity and etching must be determined. A series of acid fracture conductivity tests was conducted using four commonly used acid fracturing fluids—gelled, in-situ gelled, emulsified, surfactant-based acid. Detailed rheological properties were measured in order to explain trends noted with conductivity data. Acid system influences the degree of etching and the etching pattern due to differences in chemical and physical properties of acid systems. Under our experimental conditions, viscoelastic acid generated the greatest degree of etching and best etching pattern. Majority of experiments showed differences in conductivity among acid systems tested with most optimal acid system depending on the closure stress. While viscoelastic acid generated the highest conductivity at low closure stress, emulsified acid resulted in the largest retained conductivity at higher loads for our experimental conditions. Furthermore, effluent analysis on both the leakoff and fracture flow showed that most of the fracture face etching is the result of leaked acid into the formation with minimal etching from the fracture flow acid.
Method for metal artifact avoidance in C-Arm cone-beam CT (2020)

<strong>Purpose:</strong> Metal artifacts remain a challenge for CBCT systems in diagnostic imaging and image-guided surgery, obscuring visualization of metal instruments and surrounding anatomy. We present a method to predict C-arm CBCT orbits that will avoid metal artifacts by acquiring projection data that is least affected by polyenergetic bias. <strong>Methods:</strong> The metal artifact avoidance (MAA) method operates with a minimum of prior information, is compatible with simple mobile C-arms that are increasingly prevalent in routine use, and is consistent with either 3D filtered backprojection (FBP), more advanced (polyenergetic) model-based image reconstruction (MBIR), and/or metal artifact reduction (MAR) post-processing methods. MAA consists of the following steps: (i) coarse localization of metal objects in the field of view (FOV) via two or more low-dose scout views, coarse backprojection, and segmentation (e.g., with a U-Net); (ii) a simple model-based prediction of metal-induced x-ray spectral shift for all source-detector vertices (gantry rotation and tilt angles) accessible by the imaging system; and (iii) definition of a source-detector orbit that minimizes the view-to-view inconsistency in spectral shift. The method was evaluated in anthropomorphic phantom study emulating pedicle screw placement in spine surgery. <strong>Results:</strong> Phantom studies confirmed that the MAA method could accurately predict tilt angles that minimize metal artifacts. The proposed U-Net segmentation method was able to localize complex distributions of metal instrumentation (over 70% Dice coefficient) with 6 low-dose scout projections acquired during routine pre-scan collision check. CBCT images acquired at MAA-prescribed tilt angles demonstrated ~50% reduction in “blooming” artifacts (measured as FWHM of the screw shaft). Geometric calibration for tilted orbits at prescribed angular increments with interpolation for intermediate values demonstrated accuracy comparable to non-tilted circular trajectories in terms of the modulation transfer function. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The preliminary results demonstrate the ability to predict C-arm orbits that provide projection data with minimal spectral bias from metal instrumentation. Such orbits exhibit strongly reduced metal artifacts, and the projection data are compatible with additional post-processing (metal artifact reduction, MAR) methods to further reduce artifacts and/or reduce noise. Ongoing studies aim to improve the robustness of metal object localization from scout views and investigate additional benefits of non-circular C-arm trajectories.
Millimetre-wave fibre-radio system incorporating broadband radio CDMA (2002)

We demonstrate for the first time a millimetre-wave fibre-radio system incorporating broadband radio CDMA. We show that the spreading of the radio spectrum in CDMA can also reduce the impact of fibre dispersion. We present the first experimental analysis of a fibre-radio system that incorporates broadband radio CDMA. A BER of less than 10/sup -9/ was obtained for a mm-wave broadband 10 Mb/s direct-sequence CDMA signal after transmission over 25 km of SSMF and a 1 m radio link.
ChemInform Abstract: Directed Biosynthesis of New Enniatins. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Production of High Energy Ions Near an Ion Thruster Discharge Hollow Cathode (2006)

Several researchers have measured ions leaving ion thruster discharge chambers with energies far greater than measured discharge chamber potentials. Presented in this paper is a new mechanism for the generation of high energy ions and a comparison with measured ion spectra. The source of high energy ions has been a puzzle because they not only have energies in excess of measured steady state potentials, but as reported by Goebel et. al. [1], their flux is independent of the amplitude of time dependent plasma fluctuations. The mechanism relies on the charge exchange neutralization of xenon ions accelerated radially into the potential trough in front of the discharge cathode. Previous researchers [2] have identified the importance of charge exchange in this region as a mechanism for protecting discharge cathode surfaces from ion bombardment. This paper is the first to identify how charge exchange in this region can lead to ion energy enhancement.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Chemistry of a Simplified, Functional Analogue of Neocarzinostatin Chromophore: Identification of an Intramolecular 1,5‐ Hydrogen Atom Transfer Relevant to the Mechanism and Cleavage Selectivity of Diyl‐Based DNA Cleaving Agents. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Additive Manufactured Polymer Test Coupons: Issues and Solutions (2020)

Leveraging the experience and lessons learned from the National Center for Advanced Material Performance (NCAMP) and the Composite Materials Handbook–17 (CMH-17) composite material databases, a new qualification program for polymer materials for additive manufacturing (AM) has been developed utilizing several existing ASTM test methods. Many of the test methods required for the standardized mechanical testing necessary for qualification, however, are not directly applicable to additive manufactured materials and require guidance or modifications. As part of this research effort, the applicability of several existing mechanical test methods to polymer AM materials has been evaluated. Modifications were necessary for certain methods, including compression, open-hole compression, and filled-hole compression. The necessary modifications presented here also will be documented in publicly available reports with statistically reduced data, including B-basis allowables. Although this program focused on an extrusion-based material and process, much of the results have broad applicability to other polymer AM materials and processes. An overview of the test program, issues, and possible solutions to deliver useful results to the aviation industry are presented.
Entanglement-Based Thermoplastic Shape Memory Polymeric Particles with Photothermal Actuation for Biomedical Applications (2018)

Triggering shape-memory functionality under clinical hyperthermia temperatures could enable the control and actuation of shape-memory systems in clinical practice. For this purpose, we developed light-inducible shape-memory microparticles composed of a poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA) matrix encapsulating gold nanoparticles (Au@PDLLA hybrid microparticles). This shape-memory polymeric system for the first time demonstrates the capability of maintaining an anisotropic shape at body temperature with triggered shape-memory effect back to a spherical shape at a narrow temperature range above body temperature with a proper shape recovery speed (37 < T < 45 °C). We applied a modified film-stretching processing method with carefully controlled stretching temperature to enable shape memory and anisotropy in these micron-sized particles. Accordingly, we achieved purely entanglement-based shape-memory response without chemical cross-links in the miniaturized shape-memory system. Furthermore, these shape-memory microparticles exhibited light-induced spatiotemporal control of their shape recovery using a laser to trigger the photothermal heating of doped gold nanoparticles. This shape-memory system is composed of biocompatible components and exhibits spatiotemporal controllability of its properties, demonstrating a potential for various biomedical applications, such as tuning macrophage phagocytosis as demonstrated in this study.
Ultralow Threshold Red Vertical\|Cavity Surface\|Emitting Lasers\+* (2000)

Visible Vertical\|cavity Surface\|emitting Lasers(VCSELs)have been designed and fabricated by using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Using the 8λ optical cavities with 3 quantum wells in AlGaInP/AlGaAs VCSELs to reduce the drift leakage current and enhance the model gain, the device can operate continuous wave at wavelength of 670nm.For better performance,a misoriented (100) substrate (6～10° to (110)) has been used to reduce the ordering of AlGaInP.However,as the angle of misorientation increased,the symmetry of the structure became worse.This made it difficult to achieve little aperture device.By using 45° rotated selective oxidation method,a little aperture (1×1μm\+2) device with low threshold of 0 25mA can operate continuous wave at room temperature.
Highly Efficient Deep Blue Luminescence of 2-Coordinate Coinage Metal Complexes Bearing Bulky NHC Benzimidazolyl Carbene (2020)

The structural, photophysical and electrochemical properties of three luminescent 2-coordinate coinage metal (i.e., M = Cu, Ag, Au) complexes bearing a sterically bulky benzimidazolyl carbene, 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylidene (<b>BZI</b>), and carbazolide (Cz) as the anionic ligand were investigated. All the complexes emit in the deep blue region (~430 nm) with relatively narrow spectra (full width at half maximum = 44 nm, 2,300 cm<sup>-1</sup>) characterized by vibronic fine structure in nonpolar media (methylcyclohexane at room temperature), and with high photoluminescence quantum yields (Φ<sub>PL</sub> > 80%) and radiative rate constants (<i>k</i> <sub><i>r</i></sub> ~ 7.8 × 10<sup>5</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>). The luminescence is solvatochromic, undergoing a red-shift in a polar solvent (CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>) at room temperature that are accompanied by a decrease in quantum yields (Φ<sub>PL</sub> < 23%) and radiative rate constants (<i>k</i> <sub><i>r</i></sub> < 4.0 × 10<sup>4</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>), whereas the non-radiative rate constants remain nearly constant (<i>k</i> <sub><i>nr</i></sub> ~ 1.0 × 10<sup>5</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>). The radiative rate is controlled via thermally assisted delayed fluorescence (TADF) and temperature-dependent luminescence studies of the gold complex (<b>Au</b> <sup>BZI</sup>) in methylcyclohexane solution reveal an energy difference between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states of 920 cm<sup>-1</sup>. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) fabricated using <b>Au</b> <sup>BZI</sup> as a luminescent dopant has an external quantum efficiency of 12% and narrow, deep-blue emission (CIE = 0.16, 0.06).
Australian Journal of Physics Astrophysical Supplement (1974)

bstract. The MC2 and MC3 catalogues of radio sources observed at a frequency of 408 MHz with the Molonglo telescope are presented. The catalogues include 609 and 657 sources in narrow strips of sky of areas O· 13 and O· 15 sr at declinations near + 11 0 and + 160 respectively. The catalogues are essentially complete above O' 40 f.u., corresponding to a source number density of ~ 3500 SCi, but include some sources as weak as O' 20 f.u. Typical errors in position are 6# at 2·0 f.u. and 16H at 0·40 f.u.
Competitive mode dynamics in a non-linear interferometer (1996)

A theoretical derivation is given of the conditions for competitive dynamics of the interaction of spatial Fourier harmonics of the phase distribution in a wide-aperture nonlinear interferometer with an external diffraction feedback loop. A numerical experiment is used to demonstrate the feasibility of employing such a system in optical image encoding and recognition.
Structural origin of thermal shrinkage in soda-lime silicate glass below the glass transition temperature: A theoretical investigation by microsecond timescale molecular dynamics simulations (2021)

Microscopic dynamical features in the relaxation of glass structures are one of the most important unsolved problems in condensed matter physics. Although the structural relaxation processes in the vicinity of glass transition temperature are phenomenologically expressed by the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts function and the relaxation time can be successfully interpreted by Adam-Gibbs theory and/or Narayanaswamy's model, the atomic rearrangement, which is the origin of the volume change, and its driving force have not been elucidated. Using the microsecond time-scale molecular dynamics simulations, this study provides insights to quantitatively determine the origin of the thermal shrinkage below T<sub>g</sub> in a soda-lime silicate glass. We found that during annealing below T<sub>g</sub>, Na ions penetrate into the six-membered silicate rings, which remedies the acute O-O-O angles of the energetically unstable rings. The ring structure change makes the space to possess the cation inside the rings, but the ring volume is eventually reduced, which results in thermal shrinkage of the soda-lime silica glass. In conclusion, the dynamical structural relaxation due to the cation displacement evokes the overall volume relaxation at low temperature in the glassy material.
Stereoselektive Synthese von Iminozuckern (2000)

Zuckeranaloga mit einem Stickstoff im Ring (sogenannte Imino- bzw. Azazucker) sind als effektive Inhibitoren einer Reihe verschiedener Glycosidasen bekannt und stellen pharmakologisch interessante Targets dar, um wichtige biologische Vorgange wie z.B. die Verdauung und die Biosynthese von Glycokonjugaten zu beeinflussen. Diese Arbeit beschaftigt sich, ausgehend von Pyrrol, mit der Ausarbeitung neuer de novo Zugange zu polyhydroxylierten Pyrrolidinen.
 Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird die stereoselektive Synthese verschiedener polyfunktionalisierter Pyrrolidine beschrieben. Der Schlusselschritt besteht in der Darstellung des enantiomerenreinen Building Blocks durch eine kinetischen Racematspaltung mit Pseudomonas caepacia Lipase mit bis zu 99%ee. Die anschliesend durchgefuhrte cis-Dihydroxylierung, nucleophile Ringoffnung des cyclischen Sulfats, Iodlactonisierung und Doppelbindungsisomerisierung demonstriert die grose Flexibilitat des Zentralbausteins. Uber diesen effizienten Zugang ist die Darstellung von Glycosidase-Inhibitoren mit Ribitol-, Arabinitol und Xylitol-Konfiguration moglich.
 Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird die Synthese von 2,2-dialkylierten Pyrrolidinen prasentiert. Diese Verbindungsklasse konnte durch die reduktive Alkylierung des Pyrrol-Aromaten mit Pivaloyliodmethylester unter Birch -Bedingungen zuganglich gemacht werden. Die anschliesende Ester-Reduktion liefert das spiegelsymmetrische 2,2-Bis-hydroxymethyl-2,5-dihydro-pyrrol, welches in einer biokatalysierten Veresterung desymmetrisiert werden konnte. Die Lipasen aus Aspergillus oryzae und Candida antarctica liefern beide Antipoden mit bis zu 97%ee. Mit diesem neuen Building Block konnte das erste enantiomerenreine, polyhydroxylierte 2,2-Bis-hydroxymethyl-Pyrrolidin synthetisiert werden.
 Durch die Oxidation der ungesattigten 2,2-dialkylierten Pyrrolidine konnte auserdem ein ungewohnliches Nitron hergestellt werden. Die nachfolgende diastereoselektive 1,3-dipolare Cycloaddition mit verschiedenen Dipolarophilen und die regioselektive nucleophile Addition einer Grignard- Verbindung demonstriert die synthetische Flexibilitat dieser Verbindung. Unter anderem war uber diesen Weg die erste bekannte Synthese eines bicyclischen 3,3-Bis-hydroxymethyl-Pyrrolizidins moglich.
 Des weiteren konnte die reduktive Alkylierung durch die Verwendung von Methyl-6-deoxy-6-iodo-α-D-glucopyranosid als chirales Elektrophil um eine hochdiastereoselektive Variante erweitert werden. Diese Vorstufe konnte anschliesend erfolgreich fur die Synthese eines neuen Imino-C-Disaccharids eingesetzt werden.
 Im Anschlus an die synthetischen Arbeiten wurden die freigesetzten Iminozucker hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung als Glycosidase-Inhibitoren untersucht. Hierbei zeigte sich, das das 3,4-Dihydroxy-2,2-bis-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidin ein kompetitiver Inhibitor der α-Galactosidase ist.
Tumor Associated Ascites Inhibits CD1d-Mediated Antigen Presentation (B44) (2007)

Abstract Natural killer T (NKT) cells recognize lipid antigen presented by CD1 molecules. Recently, it has been shown that NKT cells can both directly and indirectly mediate anti-tumor immunity. However, it is thought that the anti-tumor effects mediated by these cells are being hampered because the number and function of NKT cells is reduced in cancer patients. Moreover, it has been shown that tumor associated glycolipids are frequently shed into the tumor microenvironment, which can mediate immunosuppressive activity. In these studies we examined antigen presentation by CD1d following treatment with ascites from cancer patients. It was found that pretreatment with ascites inhibited the ability of CD1d molecules to present endogenous antigen to NKT cells in a dose-dependent manner. We found that this inhibition does not require antigen processing, as canonical (Vα14+) and noncanonical NKT cells, which do not require trafficking through endocytic compartments, were both inhibited. Also, ascites treatment of artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (aAPC) preloaded with α-GalCer, abrogated their ability to present antigen to NKT cells, which further suggests that the inhibition is antigen processing independent. In addition, our data demonstrate that treatment with ascites does not inhibit antigen presentation to classical CD8+ T cells. Together, these data suggest that glycolipid shedding in ascites may be a mechanism of immune evasion specifically utilized used by cancers to inhibit CD1d- mediated activation of NKT cells.
Comparison of the Effects of Cyclosporin G (OG37–325), Cyclosporin A, and Their Metabolites on the Release of Endothelin and Prostacyclin from Primary Renal and Aortic Endothelial Cell Lines (1994)

Cyclosporin G (OG37-325) (CsG), an analogue of cyclosporin-A (CsA), has been reported in preliminary clinical trials to induce fewer renal side-effects than CsA. CsA and its metabolites have been shown to alter release of vasoactive substance both in vitro and in vivo, and this may be a contributing factor to the decreased renal blood flow and glomerular thrombosis associated with CsA-induced renal side-effects. However, the effects of CsG and its metabolites on release of such substances has not been investigated. In this study, the toxic effects of several CsG metabolites were investigated in primary cultures of rabbit endothelial and mesangial cells. The majority of the metabolites had little effect on cell growth and DNA synthesis. GM9 was the most cytotoxic metabolite, having a potency ratio of 0.18-0.36 for inhibition of cell growth. The effects of individual metabolites were examined on basal release of prostacyclin (PGI2) and endothelin (ET-1). The majority of metabolites had no effect on release of these analytes; however, GM1, at 5,000 micrograms/L resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in ET-1, while GM9 at both 500 and 5,000 micrograms/L resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in PGI2 from mesangial cells. To more accurately compare the effects of CsA, CsG, and metabolites, parent drug and metabolites were added to cultures at concentrations comparable to those trough values observed at steady state in transplant recipients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Trainable speaker-based referring expression generation (2008)

Previous work in referring expression generation has explored general purpose techniques for attribute selection and surface realization. However, most of this work did not take into account: a) stylistic differences between speakers; or b) trainable surface realization approaches that combine semantic and word order information. In this paper we describe and evaluate several end-to-end referring expression generation algorithms that take into consideration speaker style and use data-driven surface realization techniques.
Experience Transfer (2020)

2019年3月に東大を退職し，富山県立大学に着任しました。東大在職中には授業を行っていましたが，現在は授業の準備から解放された安堵感と，多少の寂しさを感じています。東大在職中に得たものはたくさんありましたが，とくに，研究を進める過程で，学生と経験や実験データを
Subwavelength Photonics for Biosensing (2012)

Nanostructured surfaces are applied towards point-of-care diagnostic biosensing. Photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence is used for detection of cancer biomarkers in serum. Metal nanodomes integrated with biomedical tubing to monitor intravenously delivered drugs and urinary metabolites.