gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Possibility of lipid microsphere-encapsulated Y-24180 as an injectable drug and an inhaler for the treatment of bronchoconstriction (2000)

Y-241 80 ((±)-4-(2-chloro-phenyl)-2-[2-(4-isobuthyl- phenyl)ethyl]-6,9-dimethyl-6H-thieno[3,2f][1,2,4] triazolo[4,3-a)[1,4]diazepine) is a lipophilic platelet- activating factor (PAF) antagonist. In the present study, we incorporated Y-24180 into lipid microspheres (LM) and its activity was evaluated in vivo. When Lipo Y-24180 was intravenously given 3 min before PAF injection, the maximal bronchoconstriction was reduced. The mean (± SEM) PAF-induced respiratory flow resistance in Lipo Y-24180 (1 μg/kg)-treated animals at 0.5 min was 19.0 ± 8.0%, which was significantly lower than that of the vehicle-treated control (61.5 ± 13.0%; P < 0.05). Three and 10 μg/kg Lipo Y-24180 almost completely inhibited the respiratory flow resistance. Alone, Y-24180 dose-dependently suppressed the bronchoconstriction; however, a significant decrease was only seen in 10 μg/kg-treated animals. There were also significant differences between the Lipo Y-24180 (1 μg/kg)-treated group and Y-24180 (1 and 3 mg/kg) treated groups. Aerosol inhalation of Lipo Y-24180 (10 μg/mL) caused no significant suppression; however, a significant inhibition was observed in guinea pigs that were administered more than 30 μg/mL. Therefore, it would be concluded that Lipo Y-24180 would have a potency as a bronchodilator and would be promising as both an injectable drug and an inhaler.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Caching in Hierarchical Content\n Delivery Networks (2019)

Caching is envisioned to play a critical role in next-generation content\ndelivery infrastructure, cellular networks, and Internet architectures. By\nsmartly storing the most popular contents at the storage-enabled network\nentities during off-peak demand instances, caching can benefit both network\ninfrastructure as well as end users, during on-peak periods. In this context,\ndistributing the limited storage capacity across network entities calls for\ndecentralized caching schemes. Many practical caching systems involve a parent\ncaching node connected to multiple leaf nodes to serve user file requests. To\nmodel the two-way interactive influence between caching decisions at the parent\nand leaf nodes, a reinforcement learning framework is put forth. To handle the\nlarge continuous state space, a scalable deep reinforcement learning approach\nis pursued. The novel approach relies on a deep Q-network to learn the\nQ-function, and thus the optimal caching policy, in an online fashion.\nReinforcing the parent node with ability to learn-and-adapt to unknown policies\nof leaf nodes as well as spatio-temporal dynamic evolution of file requests,\nresults in remarkable caching performance, as corroborated through numerical\ntests.\n
CHAPTER 13 Using Secondary Data in Nutritional Anthropology Research: Enhancing Ethnographic and Formative Research (2022)

CHAPTER 13 Using Secondary Data in Nutritional Anthropology Research: Enhancing Ethnographic and Formative Research was published in Research Methods for Anthropological Studies of Food and Nutrition on page 746.
61. ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT OF EXTERNAL ROTATION OF THE SHOULDER FOR SEQUELAR OBSTETRICAL BRACHIAL PLEXUS INJURIES: 13 CASES (2011)

Purpose of the study: A stiff shoulder in internal rotation is a classical complication of obstetrical injury to the brachial plexus. The condition generally associates glenohumeral dysplasia. In 2003, Pearl proposed arthroscopic release of the shoulder, with or without latissimus dorsi transfer as an alternative to an open procedure. We report a series of 13 patients who underwent this procedure. Material and method: From 2004 to 2007, 13 children aged 1 to 11 years (range 3.5) underwent surgery. The procedure was an arthroscopic tenotomy of the intra-articular portion of the subscapularis associated with release of the anterior capsuloligament structures without tendon transfer. A thoracobrachial resin cast maintained the shoulder in maximal external rotation for six weeks. The functional outcome was assessed on the basis of the passive and active range of motion and the Mallet score. Pre and postoperative MRI was used to assess glenohumeral dysplasia and check its correction. Results: Mean follow-up was 23 months (range 5–40). There were no complications. Mean immediate postoperative gain was 53 (range 30–70) for external rotation (RE1). On average, passive RE1 improved from −5.4 to +57.7. Eight patients (61%) recovered active external rotation (57.5 on average). Mean active abduction improved from 45.8 to 56.5. Active internal rotation declined in 38% of the shoulders. The Mallet score improved in 69% of the shoulders. The best results were observed for children aged less than 4 years. There was one failure, related to major dyplasia which could not be reduced with an open procedure. Correction of the glenohumeral dysplasia was noted on 7 of the 9 MRI performed and the retroversion angle of the glenoid improved from −28.2 to −25.6, on average. Discussion: Open techniques are aggressive and only variably effective. A majority of our patients (8/13) achieved improved passive and active RE1 solely with the arthroscopic procedure. Correction of the glenohumeral dysplasia with growth appears to correspond to the clinical improvement but further follow-up is needed. Conclusion: Our results are comparable with those reported by Pearl. This is a minimally invasive easy-to-perform technique. For children aged less than 4 years, systematic tendon transfer does not appear to be necessary.
Decoding order recovery for multi flow transmission of scalable video coding (SVC) over mobile IP channels (2010)

Recent standardization activities for the transport of Scalable Video Coding over multimedia networking channels have introduced means to differentiate layers of a scalable media in transport. Therefore in RTP, those layers are transported in different RTP flows respectively RTP sessions. To decode such layers transported on different IP network flows, a decoding order recovery mechanism is required that reorders the media data of the layers to decoding order at the receiver or at an intelligent network element. Since today's multimedia networking channels typically provide presentation timestamps on the transport layer, it was obvious to rely on those data for decoding order recovery. Due to the fact that presentation timestamps do not appear in the media stream in increasing order, an algorithm purely based on presentation timestamps may fail in some scenarios where temporal scalability is used. Another approach to solve the problem is to use a numbering mechanism in the bit stream giving the decoding order. In this paper, we highlight both mechanisms as defined in the RTP payload format for SVC video and compare them in loss scenarios typically present in mobile broadcast channels. We show that the presentation timestamp based solution gives over a wide range of loss scenarios almost the same results in terms of decoded video quality as the numbering based approach.
A Holistic Approach to Streamlining Pharmaceutical Processes: A Conversation (2019)

Nearly 10 years ago, Frank Gupton and I had a chance encounter where we learned that we both had interest in creating efficient routes to generic medicines. Lucky for me, Frank and I began mentoring each other-Frank teaching me wisdom gained from 30 years in industry and I sharing what I knew about the academic world. As some who know Frank will understand, his lessons in some cases seem devilishly obvious and should be chanted daily like a zen koan while others are subtle and complex, requiring many years of reflection. Frank was asked by <i>OPR&D</i> to offer these lessons in a condensed form so that others might learn what I have. Frank and I decided that a transcript of our many conversations condensed into one document might do the trick.
Very slow decline of hepatitis B virus surface antigen and core related antigen in chronic hepatitis B patients successfully treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues (2018)

We investigated the decline of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and core related antigen (HBcrAg) in chronic hepatitis B patients sussessfully treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues. In patients with plasma viral suppression, the baseline median levels of HBsAg and HBcrAg were 3.1 and 3.0 log U/mL, respectively. The levels in naïve patients were 4.2 and 3.6 log U/mL for HBsAg and HBcrAg, respectively. No significant decline was observed in patients with viral suppression within a year period. A low reduction was observed during the first months after treatment initiation, especially regarding HBcrAg. The dynamics of these antigens after viral suppression should be further investigated.
Detection of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in HIV Positive Patients in Urine with Hydrogel Nanoparticles (2020)

Abstract Background Diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is challenging under the best clinical circumstances. The poor sensitivity of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for Toxoplasma in blood and CSF and the limited availability of molecular diagnostics and imaging technology leaves clinicians in resource-limited settings with few options other than empiric treatment. Methology/Principle Findings Here we describe proof of concept for a novel urine diagnostics for TE using Poly-N-isoproplyacrylamide nanoparticles dyed with Reactive Blue-221 to concentrate antigens, substantially increasing the limit of detection. After nanoparticle-concentration, a standard western blotting technique with a monoclonal antibody was used for antigen detection. Limit of detection was 7.8pg/ml and 31.3pg/ml of T. gondii antigens GRA1 and SAG1, respectively. To characterize this diagnostic approach, 164 hospitalized HIV-infected patients with neurological symptoms compatible with TE were tested for 1) T. gondii serology (121/147, positive samples/total samples tested), 2) qPCR in cerebrospinal fluid (11/41), 3) qPCR in blood (10/112), and 4) urinary GRA1 (30/164) and SAG1 (12/164). GRA1 appears to be superior to SAG1 for detection of TE antigens in urine. Fifty-one HIV-infected, T. gondii seropositive but asymptomatic persons all tested negative by nanoparticle western blot and blood qPCR, suggesting the test has good specificity for TE for both GRA1 and SAG1. In a subgroup of 44 patients, urine samples were assayed with mass spectrometry parallel-reaction-monitoring (PRM) for the presence of T. gondii antigens. PRM identified antigens in 8 samples, 6 of which were concordant with the urine diagnostic. Conclusion/Significances Our results demonstrate nanoparticle technology’s potential for a noninvasive diagnostic test for TE. Moving forward, GRA1 is a promising target for antigen based diagnostics for TE. Author Summary Toxoplasmic Encephalitis is a debilitating, yet highly treatable illness, classically seen in person living with HIV lacking treatment. Prompt diagnosis ensures the best outcome possible for patients, but remains a challenge: requiring invasive specimen collection, lacking necessary sensitivity, demanding significant technical skills and substantial infrastructure. Here we offer proof of concept of a diagnostic approach that is minimally invasive, using a urine-based approach that concentrates T. gondii antigens with hydrogel mesh nanoparticles to improve □sensitivity for detection by western blot. □
Layered Ternary and Quaternary Transition Metal Chalcogenide Based Catalysts for Water Splitting (2018)

Water splitting plays an important role in the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical conversion of energy devices. Electrochemical water splitting by the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a straightforward route to producing hydrogen (H2), which requires an efficient electrocatalyst to minimize energy consumption. Recent advances have created a rapid rise in new electrocatalysts, particularly those based on non-precious metals. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the recent developments of ternary and quaternary 6d-group transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) based electrocatalysts for water splitting, especially for HER. Detailed discussion is organized from binary to quaternary TMCs including, surface engineering, heterostructures, chalcogen substitutions and hierarchically structural design in TMCs. Moreover, emphasis is placed on future research scope and important challenges facing these electrocatalysts for further development in their performance towards water splitting.
Endoscopic Platforms for NOTES (2012)

Perhaps one of the most important factors to make NOTES a clinical reality in daily clinical practice may be the availability of conducive and reliable endoscopic platforms. The design and implementation of such platforms has evolved dramatically since the inception of the NOTES concept. These endoscopic platforms should have at a minimum a few common and critical features in order for NOTES to be widely adopted. Innovation has pushed the medical device industry and clinical technologists to improve the present endoscopic systems, while at the same time creating a sense of awareness among clinicians and patients of all of the available and upcoming technological advances available in the toolkit of surgeons and endoscopists. Though many offerings might not yet be fully ready for NOTES on a day-to-day basis, such platforms are increasingly being utilized in dealing with many common clinical problems. In this chapter we review the key components of an ideal endoscopic platform and how they can be improved – perhaps even by breaking deeply held paradigms of how surgery and endoscopy presently is practiced.
STUDIES OF A NEW HUMAN HEMADSORPTION VIRUS (1960)

Journal Article STUDIES OF A NEW HUMAN HEMADSORPTION VIRUS: ISOLATION, PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERIZATION Get access KARL M. JOHNSON, KARL M. JOHNSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT M. CHANOCK, ROBERT M. CHANOCK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. KATHERINE COOK, M. KATHERINE COOK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT J. HUEBNER, ROBERT J. HUEBNER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar LOTTA CHI, LOTTA CHI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DORIS WONG, DORIS WONG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HORACE C. TURNER HORACE C. TURNER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 71, Issue 1, January 1960, Pages 81–92, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120092 Published: 01 January 1960 Article history Received: 28 August 1959 Published: 01 January 1960
In vitro oxidation of high polydimethylsiloxane content biomedical polyurethanes: Correlation with the microstructure (2008)

The resistance to in vitro metal ion oxidation of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-containing thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (Elast-Eon) is compared with that of a polyurethane consisting of the same hard segment chemistry and content, but with aliphatic polycarbonate soft segments (PCU). Scanning electron microscopy and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to assess changes in surface morphology and chemistry. The extent of bulk degradation was assessed indirectly by dynamic mechanical analysis and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. The findings indicate that Elast-Eon is more resistant to oxidation than the PCU, because of the presence of the PDMS soft segments as well as its phase separated microstructure. The PCU exhibits a rather high degree of intermixing between hard and soft segments, rendering the hard segments dissolved or trapped in the soft phase more susceptible to oxidative conditions. By contrast, we propose that the existence of a completely phase separated PDMS soft phase in Elast-Eon protects the remainder of the segments from oxidation.
Catenary action in single storey industrial halls subjected to localized fires (2017)

This paper reports on the results from extensive finite element study of single storey industrial halls subjected to the action of localized fires. The results show offer structural resistance in f ...
Optical Matching Techniques and Molecular Upconverting Reporters (1999)

We are applying optical matching techniques to two types of applications: (1) the accurate determination of tissue optical properties and (2) improving in vivo imaging quality. With optical matching, measurement of tissue optical properties to accuracies of a few percent is possible. Accurate tissue properties are useful for physiological monitoring, modeling optical imaging and therapies, and providing a priori information for image reconstruction. For imaging, matching improves illumination uniformity and contrast, and makes better use of image dynamic range. In a separate effort, we are developing a new class of reporters which provide upconversion from molecular labels. Advantages of these materials include no autofluorescence, multiplexing capabilities, no photobleaching, and excitation with compact and low power diode lasers. Applications include in vitro assays and in vivo imaging.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for in-process inspection, counterfeit detection and quality control of anti-diabetic drugs (2011)

The purpose of this study is to develop simple and cost-effective Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) methods for quality control evaluation of repaglinide (RPG), rosiglitazone maleate (RGZ), pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGZ) and metformin hydrochloride (MET) and assess their use for in-process quality control and detection of counterfeit medicine. The conventional KBr disc sampling technique used in FT-IR does not result in constant path-length thus impeding the use of this sensitive and simple technique for quantification of drugs. In this study, FT-IR quantitative assays were developed using a constant KBr disc pathlength to quantify drugs in bulk and tablets. Method validation was done according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and recovery studies were performed by applying standard addition technique. Samples representing pitfalls at different tablet manufacturing stages and counterfeit medicines were prepared and tested by FT-IR. The developed methods achieved ICH validation parameters. Statistical comparison of the results with reference or reported methods showed no significant difference with respect to method accuracy and precision. The methods were applicable to tablet dosage form with average recovery ranging between 99 and 102%. The developed methods are capable of detecting impurities that result from in-process manufacturing problems and counterfeit products and are inclusive for in-process and end product testing.
The 5G-Enabled Tactile Internet: Applications, requirements, and architecture (2016)

Powered by next generation mobile networking capabilities, the Tactile Internet will be able to transport touch and actuation in real-time. Enabled by suitable robotics and haptics equipment at the edges, and an unprecedented communications network, the Tactile Internet will provide a true paradigm in creating skill-set delivery networks. The fifth generation (5G) mobile communications systems will underpin this emerging Internet at the wireless edge. This paper presents the most important technology concepts which lay at the intersection of the larger Tactile Internet and the emerging 5G systems. Specifically, the paper presents some of the most important Tactile Internet applications, outlines the key technical requirements, and covers end-to-end architectural aspects of the Tactile Internet.
Effects of patterned, stressed SiN overlayers on Si solid phase epitaxy (2008)

Striking nonuniformities are observed in the solid phase epitaxy (SPE) of blanket amorphized Si layers recrystallized in the presence of stress distributions induced by a patterned SiN overlayer. Measurements conducted for a range of SiN feature sizes and intrinsic stress values allowed us to isolate the effects of stress on the crystallization front. It is concluded that SiN-induced variations in SPE rates arise both from line-edge stresses, which scale with feature stress and increase SPE rates where the hydrostatic stress is compressive, and a SiN body effect, which suppresses SPE rates under the SiN features, independent of SiN stress state.
Evidence-Based Perioperative Medicine comes of age: the Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) (2016)

The 1st POQI Consensus Conference occurred in Durham, NC, on March 4-5, 2016, and was supported by the American Society of Enhanced Recovery (ASER) and Evidence-Based Perioperative Medicine (EBPOM). The conference focused on enhanced recovery for colorectal surgery and discussed four topics-perioperative analgesia, perioperative fluid management, preventing nosocomial infection, and measurement and quality in enhanced recovery pathways.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Acute Myocardial Ischemia Using a Manganese Chelate, Mn-DPDP (1989)

Nine adult rats underwent occlusion of the left coronary artery (LCA) to assess the ability of a manganese chelate of N, N'-Bis (pyridoxal-5-phosphate) ethylenediamine-N, N'-diacetic acid (Mn-DPDP), to delineate acute myocardial ischemia. Hemodynamic effects of the contrast medium were tested in the isolated rat heart. Gated transaxial images of the heart at the mid-ventricular level were obtained using a 2 Tesla magnet. A TE of 20 msec and a TR of 1 R-R interval (approximately 250 msec) were used. Images were taken prior to injection of 400 mumol/kg of Mn-DPDP, 2 minutes after injection, and then at 15 minute intervals for one hour. The time between LCA occlusion and injection of contrast averaged 95 minutes. The signal intensity (SI) of normal myocardium was increased by 125 +/- 9% immediately after injection, and did not significantly vary over one hour. SI of ischemic myocardium increased by only 16 +/- 14% immediately after injection, gradually rising to 44 +/- 13% after one hour. Visual discrimination between normal and ischemic myocardium was obtained throughout the study. The percent contrast between normal and ischemic myocardium was 47.2 +/- 6% at 2 minutes after injection, gradually decreasing to a final value of 31.3 +/- 4%. No hemodynamic effects were produced in the isolated heart using concentrations in the perfusate several-fold higher than those expected to be produced by the intravenous injection of 400 mumol/kg Mn-DPDP. Mn-DPDP shows the potential for delineation of the jeopardy area resulting from coronary occlusion for at least one hour after injection of the agent.
Fluorine-19 NMR Chemical Shift Probes Molecular Binding to Lipid Membranes (2008)

The binding of amphiphilic molecules to lipid bilayers is followed by 19F NMR using chemical shift and line shape differences between the solution and membrane-tethered states of -CF 3 and -CHF 2 groups. A chemical shift separation of 1.6 ppm combined with a high natural abundance and high sensitivity of 19F nuclei offers an advantage of using 19F NMR spectroscopy as an efficient tool for rapid time-resolved screening of pharmaceuticals for membrane binding. We illustrate the approach with molecules containing both fluorinated tails and an acrylate moiety, resolving the signals of molecules in solution from those bound to synthetic dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers both with and without magic angle sample spinning. The potential in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications are outlined. The presented method is applicable with the conventional NMR equipment, magnetic fields of several Tesla, stationary samples, and natural abundance isotopes.