gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Delay Bound alternative revision of RFC 2598 (2002)

For historical interest, this document captures the EF Design Team's proposed solution, preferred by the original authors of RFC 2598 but not adopted by the working group in December 2000.The original definition of EF was based on comparison of forwarding on an unloaded network.This experimental Delay Bound (DB) PHB requires a bound on the delay of packets due to other traffic in the network.At the Pittsburgh IETF meeting in August 2000, the Differentiated Services working group faced serious questions regarding RFC 2598 -the group's standards track definition of the Expedited Forwarding (EF) Per Hop Behavior (PHB).An 'EF Design Team' volunteered to develop a re-expression of RFC 2598, bearing in mind the issues raised in the DiffServ group.At the San Diego IETF meeting in December 2000 the DiffServ working group decided to pursue an alternative re-expression of the EF PHB.
Prediction of the Formation Region of Eutectic NbC in a Large 12Cr-Mo-V-Nb Steel Ingot (1985)

The purpose of this study is to predict the formation region of eutectic NbC in large ingots and to eliminate its detrimental effects. The correlation between the formation region of eutectic NbC and the ratio of the height H to the diameter D (H/D) was investigated experimentally using ingots of 2 t and 10 t and the temperature gradient at the end of solidification in these ingots was calculated by a finite difference method.The plots of the logarithm of the critical temperature gradient for the formation of eutectic NbC which was obtained experimentally against the logarithm of the calculated average cooling rate during solidification yielded a straight line. It was predicted from this result that when casting a 100 t ingot eutectic NbC would not be formed if the value of H/D is less than 0.6 and magnetic particle test indication would not be detected if the value of H/D is less than 1.0. A 100 t ingot having ratio H/D of 0.96 was made and a turbine rotor shaft was produced from this ingot. The center core portion of the rotor shaft had satisfactory mechanical properties and no indication of defects was detected by magnetic particle testing.
Effect of PGE1 on hypoxia or hypoxia/reoxygenation-treated human vascular endothelial cells (2002)

The aim of this study was to investigate about endothelial cell injury caused by hypoxia or hypoxia/reoxygenation and the effect of PGE1 on the injury using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) .Under hypoxia, HUVEC shrank and peeled from dish, accompanied with reduced thymidine uptake, induced DNA fragmentation, and increased caspase-3 activity. On the other hand, under reoxygenation after hypoxia, HUVEC restarted proliferation as a result of decreasing caspase-3 activity in a time dependent manner.When PGE1 was added prior to hypoxia, the number of living cells got fewer and caspase-3 activity was potentiated without changing of cAMP levels. In contrast, the addition of PGE1 just before reoxygenation, increased the number of living cells and decreased caspase-3 activity with increasing cAMP levels. Under neither hypoxia nor reoxygenation, the gene expression of any prostaglandin EP receptors was not observed. In conclusion, PGE1 showed opposite effects to be pro-apoptotic under hypoxia, and to be anti-apoptotic under reoxygenation, not through EP receptors.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Alkylation of N‐Acylsultams. A General Route to Enantiomerically Pure Crystalline C(α,α)‐Disubstituted Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. (1990)

Abstract The N‐acylated sultams (I) are deprotonated with hexamethyldisilazides or butyllithium and then alkylated in α‐position to the carbonyl group, yielding selectively one diastereomer of the products (III), (V), or (VIII).
Abstract 292: Detection of Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Pseudo-Pulseless Electrical Activity Using Trans-thoracic and Trans-abdominal Bioimpedance (2020)

Introduction: Pseudo-Pulseless Electrical Activity (p-PEA) is a lifeless form of profound cardiac shock characterized by measurable cardiac mechanical activity without clinically detectable pulses. Patients in pseudo-PEA carry different prognoses than those in true PEA and may require different therapies. Noninvasive technologies capable of detecting return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) are needed to guide transition therapy from ACLS to critical care. Electrical impedance (EI) measurements across the thorax and abdomen may reflect the state of the cardiovascular system and change with ROSC. Hypothesis: EI measured across the chest wall or abdomen can detect ROSC in p-PEA. Methods: Female swine (N = 14) under intravenous anesthesia were instrumented with aortic and central venous micromanometer catheters. EI was measured with cutaneous belts around the chest and abdomen (Swisstom). p-PEA was induced by ventilation with 6% oxygen in 94% nitrogen and was defined as a systolic aortic pressure &lt; 40 mmHg. Experiments in which ROSC occurred within 20 seconds of starting 100% FiO 2 were studied. EI waveforms were analyzed with fast fourier transforms, and the dominant frequencies of p-PEA and ROSC signals were subtracted to create a difference distribution. Results: With onset of ROSC, there was a characteristic frequency increase in EI measurable across both chest and abdominal bands. Fourier transform analysis demonstrated a significant difference in dominant frequencies between resuscitation and p-PEA. The median difference between resuscitation and p-PEA dominant frequencies were 5.49 in the thorax [95% CI 3.48 - 7.50] and 6.65 in the abdomen [95% CI 3.63 - 9.67]. Conclusions: There appear to be characteristic EI frequency patterns and changes in p-PEA and ROSC. If confirmed clinically, this indicates that EI may be a promising technology for non-invasive monitoring in cardiac arrest.
Complex polymorphisms in endocytosis genes suggest alpha-cyclodextrin as a treatment for breast cancer (2018)

Most breast cancer deaths are caused by metastasis and treatment options beyond radiation and cytotoxic drugs, which have severe side effects, and hormonal treatments, which are or become ineffective for many patients, are urgently needed. This study reanalyzed existing data from three genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using a novel computational biostatistics approach (muGWAS), which had been validated in studies of 600-2000 subjects in epilepsy and autism. MuGWAS jointly analyzes several neighboring single nucleotide polymorphisms while incorporating knowledge about genetics of heritable diseases into the statistical method and about GWAS into the rules for determining adaptive genome-wide significance. Results from three independent GWAS of 1000-2000 subjects each, which were made available under the National Institute of Health's "Up For A Challenge" (U4C) project, not only confirmed cell-cycle control and receptor/AKT signaling, but, for the first time in breast cancer GWAS, also consistently identified many genes involved in endo-/exocytosis (EEC), most of which had already been observed in functional and expression studies of breast cancer. In particular, the findings include genes that translocate (ATP8A1, ATP8B1, ANO4, ABCA1) and metabolize (AGPAT3, AGPAT4, DGKQ, LPPR1) phospholipids entering the phosphatidylinositol cycle, which controls EEC. These novel findings suggest scavenging phospholipids as a novel intervention to control local spread of cancer, packaging of exosomes (which prepare distant microenvironment for organ-specific metastases), and endocytosis of β1 integrins (which are required for spread of metastatic phenotype and mesenchymal migration of tumor cells). Beta-cyclodextrins (βCD) have already been shown to be effective in in vitro and animal studies of breast cancer, but exhibits cholesterol-related ototoxicity. The smaller alpha-cyclodextrins (αCD) also scavenges phospholipids, but cannot fit cholesterol. An in-vitro study presented here confirms hydroxypropyl (HP)-αCD to be twice as effective as HPβCD against migration of human cells of both receptor negative and estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer. If the previous successful animal studies with βCDs are replicated with the safer and more effective αCDs, clinical trials of adjuvant treatment with αCDs are warranted. Ultimately, all breast cancer are expected to benefit from treatment with HPαCD, but women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) will benefit most, because they have fewer treatment options and their cancer advances more aggressively.
A 19GHz, 250pJ/bit non-linear BPSK demodulator in 90nm CMOS (2009)

A low-complexity binary phase shift keying (BPSK) demodulator realizes ultra-low power operation without external components. Second harmonic injection-locking followed by analog multiplication is employed to recover data from a 19 GHz BPSK-modulated carrier. Measured bit error rate (BER) at 10 Mbps for the 0.35 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> testchip in 90 nm CMOS is comparable to classical DBPSK detection. The prototype demodulator consumes just 2.5 mW at 0.8 V, or 250 pJ/bit.
Are National Cancer Institute Cancer Centers (NCI-CC) providing adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer focused clinical services? A national survey. (2021)

1534 Background: AYA patients with cancer have inferior outcomes compared to their pediatric and adult counterparts. The NCI recommends they be treated by AYA focused healthcare professionals within an AYA oncology program. This survey captures the current landscape of AYA oncology care in the United States. Methods: An online survey was sent to 272 cancer centers in September 2020, in coordination with Teen Cancer America and included all clinically designated NCI-CC. The survey asked about the presence of an AYA program, types of patients, dedicated resources, clinical space, type of providers, associated support services, educational efforts, importance of AYA oncology care, and how well these services are provided. Results: In total, we received 93 responses, a 34% response rate, including 50 NCI centers, a 72% response rate. Only half (49%) of NCI-CC reported having an AYA program, and 70% were started in the past 5 years. One-third (32%) of centers reported plans to start an AYA program. Most programs included patient ages from ≥15 (56%) to ≤39 (63%) with a variety of cancers – most commonly hematologic (49%) and sarcoma (49%) and least commonly lung (36%), breast (38%), and head and neck cancer (38%). AYA programs are generally embedded in both adult and pediatric oncology services (63%). On average, cancer centers reported seeing 25-50 new AYA patients/month and 100-200 follow-up visits/month. Few programs reported a dedicated inpatient space (4%) or outpatient space (9%). Most NCI-CC have supportive services available for all oncology patients, but fewer of these services were dedicated specifically to AYA patients: navigators (92% vs. 71%), social work (98% vs. 57%), psycho-oncology (96% vs. 54%), dietician (98% vs. 24%), physical therapy (98% vs. 18%), chaplaincy (98% vs. 18%), and child life (83% vs. 26%). Other services available to the AYA population included sexual health (62%), academic support (62%), and career resources (36%). A minority of centers (30%) provided AYA training to their staff. A majority of NCI-CC felt AYA programs were important-very important (60%). They reported providing good-excellent overall AYA care (59%), but this dropped to 22% for sexual health and education of staff, which was relatively consistent across centers (Table). Conclusions: This survey is the first ever national survey to assess AYA oncology programs. Despite greater emphasis on the AYA cancer population, only half of NCI-CC report having a dedicated program, and areas of improvement include education of staff and sexual health services for patients. Self-report of providing good to excellent AYA care in specific areas.[Table: see text]
Foams: Bilayered Biofoam for Highly Efficient Solar Steam Generation (Adv. Mater. 42/2016) (2016)

A novel bilayered hybrid biofoam is introduced, which is composed of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) and graphene oxide (GO), and which is achieved through the incorporation of GO flakes into a BNC matrix during its growth for highly efficient solar steam generation. This fabrication approach, demonstrated by R. R. Naik, S. Singamaneni, and co-workers on page 9400 can be extended to other functional nanomaterials to realize biofoams for various applications. The bilayered structure is depicted, suspended on water, producing steam under solar illumination.
Zeitabhängige, multimodale Modellierung und Analyse von Herzdaten (2009)

Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen stellen in den westlichen Industrienationen eine der Haupttodesursachen dar. Für die Diagnostik steht inzwischen mit der Computer-Tomographie ein leistungsfähiges bildgebendes Verfahren zur Verfügung. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Verfahren entwickelt, um dem Radiologen durch eine weitgehend automatische und umfassende Analyse von 4D-CTA-Daten und der automatischen Berechnung wichtiger diagnostischer Parameter zu unterstützen.
Rational Deployment of CSP Heuristics (2011)

Heuristics are crucial tools in decreasing search effort in varied fields of AI. In order to be effective, a heuristic must be efficient to compute, as well as provide useful information to the search algorithm. However, some well-known heuristics which do well in reducing backtracking are so heavy that the gain of deploying them in a search algorithm might be outweighed by their overhead. We propose a rational metareasoning approach to decide when to deploy heuristics, using CSP backtracking search as a case study. In particular, a value of information approach is taken to adaptive deployment of solution-count estimation heuristics for value ordering. Empirical results show that indeed the proposed mechanism successfully balances the tradeoff between decreasing backtracking and heuristic computational overhead, resulting in a significant overall search time reduction.
Single Point of Initiation, Dual-Fracture Placement for Maximizing Well Production (2007)

Abstract Placement of a fracture in a formation has become a well-understood process in the industry. Recently, this practice was improved by the introduction of a method to properly initiate the fracture into a specific direction using super-high-energy jetting. A drawback of this jetting method though is not knowing exactly where the far-field fracture has gone. Although we know that the fracture will extend in the local minimum-stress direction, it is not known where that direction might be. In all probability, the fracture has gone into a less-than-desired area in the formation, and will result in only an "acceptable" improvement of production. It was once thought that refracturing merely reopened existing fractures. Recently, however, it has been shown that refracturing can actually create new fractures. In addition, when refracturing causes older fractures to reopen, the results generally show that some new area has been reached by the fracture. It is the opinion of this paper that these new areas are not substantially different from the one reached by the first fracture because local depletion enhances the effects of the original stress regime. This paper discusses a process whereby fractures are generated in a formation using at least two different fracturing techniques to reach formations in a manner not reached by conventional fracturing alone. In this process, the first fracture may achieve "acceptable" production goals, although the cost may be high. A second fracture is then quickly created to take advantage of the stress modification resulting from the first fracture. This rapid followup fracture is thus able to reach more productive rock not accessible to the initial fracture. Field data supporting the feasibility of this concept will be presented. Various situations where this approach could reap substantial benefits are also described.
Supplemental Table 2 from AGS16F Is a Novel Antibody Drug Conjugate Directed against ENPP3 for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 2. Comparability of Anti-ENPP3 ADC Produced in Hybridoma or CHO Cells&lt;/p&gt;
Integrated Microreactor System for Gas-Phase Catalytic Reactions. 3. Microreactor System Design and System Automation (2007)

A novel microreactor system for gas-phase catalyzed reactions is described for which the process components consist of modular circuitlike boards that fit the slots of a commercial computer chassis. The reactor board contains two parallel reactor channels on a single multilaminate silicon chip with independent controls for the gas flow rate and the reaction temperature. All fluidic interfaces between the various boards are performed using standard metal tubing and fittings. System automation was performed using a process logic controller with a human−machine interface for display of sensors and monitoring of process control loops. It was found that the control loop could successfully operate at 500 Hz with all 24 microreactor heaters being under closed-loop PID control.
Array Interleaving—An Energy-Efficient Data Layout Transformation (2015)

Optimizations related to memory accesses and data storage make a significant difference to the performance and energy of a wide range of data-intensive applications. These techniques need to evolve with modern architectures supporting wide memory accesses. We investigate array interleaving , a data layout transformation technique that achieves energy efficiency by combining the storage of data elements from multiple arrays in contiguous locations, in an attempt to exploit spatial locality. The transformation reduces the number of memory accesses by loading the right set of data into vector registers, thereby minimizing redundant memory fetches. We perform a global analysis of array accesses, and account for possibly different array behavior in different loop nests that might ultimately lead to changes in data layout decisions for the same array across program regions. Our technique relies on detailed estimates of the savings due to interleaving, and also the cost of performing the actual data layout modifications. We also account for the vector register widths and the possibility of choosing the appropriate granularity for interleaving. Experiments on several benchmarks show a 6--34% reduction in memory energy due to the strategy.
Superradiant Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (2022)

We analyze the interaction between a free electron and an ensemble of identical optical emitters. The mutual coherence and correlations between the emitters can enhance the interaction with each electron and become imprinted on its energy spectrum. We present schemes by which such collective interactions can be realized. As a possible application, we investigate free-electron interactions with superradiant systems, showing how electrons can probe the ultrafast population dynamics of superradiance.
Amygdala Inputs to the Ventral Hippocampus Bidirectionally Modulate Social Behavior (2014)

Impairments in social interaction represent a core symptom of a number of psychiatric disease states, including autism, schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety. Although the amygdala has long been linked to social interaction, little is known about the functional role of connections between the amygdala and downstream regions in noncompetitive social behavior. In the present study, we used optogenetic and pharmacological tools in mice to study the role of projections from the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA) to the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) in two social interaction tests: the resident-juvenile-intruder home-cage test and the three chamber sociability test. BLA pyramidal neurons were transduced using adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV5) carrying either channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) or halorhodopsin (NpHR), under the control of the CaMKIIα promoter to allow for optical excitation or inhibition of amygdala axon terminals. Optical fibers were chronically implanted to selectively manipulate BLA terminals in the vHPC. NpHR-mediated inhibition of BLA-vHPC projections significantly increased social interaction in the resident-juvenile intruder home-cage test as shown by increased intruder exploration. In contrast, ChR2-mediated activation of BLA-vHPC projections significantly reduced social behaviors as shown in the resident-juvenile intruder procedure as seen by decreased time exploring the intruder and in the three chamber sociability test by decreased time spent in the social zone. These results indicate that BLA inputs to the vHPC are capable of modulating social behaviors in a bidirectional manner.
Enhancement of isolated concurrent resistance and plyometric training on selected strength and speed parameters among college level court game players (2017)

Enhancement of isolated concurrent resistance, Plyometric training on selected strength and speed parameters, Among college level court game players
Mucoadhesion: mucin-polymer molecular interactions (2021)

Mucoadhesion, adhesion of a material to a mucous membrane or a mucus-covered surface, has been employed in drug delivery to prolong contact with adsorption sites and consequently a likely improvement of drug absorption. Mucoadhesion in the oral cavity also provides additional effects on tactile mouthfeel and extended flavor delivery, which impact consumer perception. The mechanisms behind mucoadhesion have not been well understood and there are contradictory literature results on the ranking of mucoadhesive properties of different polymers based on what in-vitro methods that are used. We herein examine the molecular interactions of different polymers with mucin from bovine submaxillary glands at pH 6.6 by using <sup>1</sup>H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) that provides atomically resolved information on conformational mobility of the mucin. Studying different types of polymers with different chemical structures and degrees of polymerization (DP), we can via the NMR linewidths and the signal intensities distinguish if the polymers interact with specific segments of the mucin or if they have a universal effect on the mobility of all the molecular segments of the mucin. The specific interaction sites on the mucin for positively charged polymer poly(ethyleneimine) are shown to be different from those for negatively and neutrally charged polymers. In addition, the interactions are also driven by the DP, the concentration of the polymers, and the dehydration. Deepened understanding of molecular effects of the different polymers on the mucin can therefore have strong impact on the development of mucoadhesive products in pharmaceutical and food applications. Finally, we raise awareness of the interpretation of rheological data in terms of mucoadhesion.
Radiolocating strong ELF electromagnetic pulses using two receivers placed on different continents (2016)

In this paper we demonstrate the performance of our system in worldwide geolocation of strong ELF electromagnetic pulses. They are generated by powerful cloud-to-ground and cloud-to-ionosphere atmospheric discharges. Our system is currently composed of two broadband ELF receivers, one located in Poland and the other in the USA. Each receiver makes use of two orthogonal active magnetic antennas.