gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence in Medical Sensors for Clinical Decisions (2021)

Due to the limited ability of conventional methods and the limited perspective of human diagnostics, patients are often diagnosed incorrectly or at a late stage as their disease condition progresses. They may then undergo unnecessary treatments due to inaccurate diagnoses. In this Perspective, we offer a brief overview on the integration of nanotechnology-based medical sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) for advanced clinical decision support systems to help decision-makers and healthcare systems improve how they approach information, insights, and the surrounding contexts, as well as to promote the uptake of personalized medicine on an individualized basis. Relying on these milestones, wearable sensing devices could enable interactive and evolving clinical decisions that could be used for evidence-based analysis and recommendations as well as for personalized monitoring of disease progress and treatment. We present and discuss the ongoing challenges and future opportunities associated with AI-enabled medical sensors in clinical decisions.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of Cyclobutenones to 2,5‐ and 2,6‐Dialkylated 1,4‐Benzoquinones. Synthesis of O‐Methylperezone and O‐Methylisoperezone. (1989)

Abstract Treatment of dimethyl squarate (I) with 6‐lithio‐2‐methyl‐2‐heptene (II) yields the cyclobutenone (III) which is hydrolyzed and dehydrated with trifluoroacetic anhydride to give the cyclobutenedione (IV).
A novel large area fan-shaped lidar sensor for space debris: laboratory demonstration and model validation (2021)

The feasibility of a novel lidar-based sensor for space debris detection is tested in a laboratory setting using a low-power transmitter and simplified receiver. The transmitter employs a Powell lens to spread transmitted laser light into an evenly distributed fan shape which detects particles or objects moving through the beam and measures their approximate size. Link budget calculations based on a theoretical model are validated. Additionally, several important considerations for future deployment on a satellite are identified.
Modeling extreme values resulting from compromising electromagnetic emanations generated by an information system (2014)

Electromagnetic intelligence and attacks pose unacceptable risks for the security and safety of critical networks and more specifically the power network. In this paper, it is pointed out how the use of the excess model allows one to extrapolate the very high level of spurious compromising emanations induced by an information system in realistic power network models. It is shown that the design of appropriate protections and risk management methodologies can be enhanced thanks to the extreme value statistics .
Survival impact of ontogenetic surgery for newly diagnosed cervical cancer: long-term survival follow-up (2023)

Objective: To evaluate the long-term survival impact of ontogenetic surgery including total mesometrial resection and laterally extended endopelvic resection based on developmentally defined surgical anatomy for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB1-IVB cervical cancer.Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with newly diagnosed FIGO stage IB1-IVB cervical cancer for patients with informed consent for mesometrial resection from May 2016 to December 2020.Also, a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent standard treatment was gathered from January 2010 to December 2020 for historical comparison.Clinicopathologic characteristics, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared between the prospective and retrospective cohorts.Results: Forty-six patients underwent ontogenetic surgery in the prospective cohort, and 207 patients underwent standard treatment in the retrospective cohort.The median follow-up period was 89.8 months (minimum-maximum, 52.18-153.5 months).Clinicopathologic characteristics were equally balanced in both cohorts.In survival analysis, ontogenetic surgery showed no statistical difference in PFS (mean, 73.7 vs. 116.7 months, p=0.053) and OS (mean, 91.9 vs. 130.4 months, p=0.169).In subgroup analysis, stage IB1-IIA2 patients did not show differences in PFS and OS, while stage IIB-IVB patients who underwent ontogenetic surgery showed worse PFS (mean, 40.1 vs. 68.4months, p=0.024) and no difference in OS.In multivariate analysis, ontogenetic surgery was associated with recurrence (hazard ratio [HR]=3.84;95% confidence interval [CI]=1.42-10.4;p=0.008) and death (HR=10.1;95% CI=1.74-59.6;p=0.010) in stage IIB-IVB disease.Conclusion: Ontogenetic surgery showed comparable oncologic outcomes to conventional treatment in stage IB1-IIA cervical cancer, whereas it decreased PFS and OS in IIB-IVB cervical cancer compared to conventional treatment.
Catalytic Twist‐Spun Yarns of Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes (2011)

Abstract The treatment of free‐standing sheets of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with a NH 3 /He plasma results in self‐supporting sheets of aligned N‐doped MWNTs (CN x ). These CN x sheets can be easily twist spun in the solid state to provide strong CN x yarns that are knottable, weavable, and sewable. The CN x yarns exhibit tunable catalytic activity for electrochemically driven oxygen reduction reactions (ORR), as well as specific capacitances (up to 39 F·g −1 ) that are 2.6 times higher than for the parent MWNTs. Due to a high degree of nanotube alignment, the CN x yarns exhibit specific strengths (451 ± 61 MPa·cm 3 ·g −1 ) that are three times larger than observed for hybrid CN x /MWNT biscrolled yarns containing 70 wt.% CN x in the form of a powder. This difference in mechanical strength arises from substantial differences in yarn morphology, revealed by electron microscopy imaging of yarn cross‐ sections, as well as the absence of a significant strength contribution from CN x nanotubes in the biscrolled yarns. Finally, the chemical nature and abundance of the incorporated nitrogen within the CN x nanotubes is studied as function of plasma exposure and annealing processes using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and correlated with catalytic activity.
Carbon nanotube integration into MEMS devices (2010)

Abstract After two decades of extensive investigation into the unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the focus is now shifting toward the utilization of CNTs in real applications. Of particular interest is the use of CNTs in microtechnologies. To this end, CNT integration methods have to be optimized to guarantee yield, low‐cost, and high performances. Here we describe three general schemes which we developed over the past several years which facilitate the direct integration of CNTs into microfabricated devices in a seamless manner. Using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, and carefully designed pre‐patterned substrates, tubes can be easily deposited at very high fidelity. Through these integration schemes, the CNT growth step becomes equivalent to many other deposition steps of other materials. Using the processes we developed, a substrate can be introduced into the CNT CVD system and CNTs will grow at the right location to match the specific application. We briefly demonstrate two applications for which these techniques may be applied. magnified image TEM image of a CNT grown on a grid showing the strong surface effects on CNT growth.
An Ästhetik: Warum ist weniger mehr? (2022)

Reduktion entzieht sich per se der Wahrnehmung. Weniger beachten wir tendenziell weniger und bewerten es geringer als mehr. Selten werden Einschränkungen mit kreativer Produktion in Verbindung gebracht, es sei denn, von Produzierenden selbst. Das dem Architekten Mies van der Rohe zugeschriebene Diktum, „Less is more“, prägt den Bauhaus-Stil als rezeptives und produktives Prinzip. Und nicht nur den Bauhaus-Stil, wie wir im Folgenden sehen werden.
CHESS: A Systematic Testing Tool for Concurrent Software (2007)

Concurrency is used pervasively in the development of large systems programs. However, concurrent programming is difficult because of the possibility of unexpected interference among concurrently executing tasks. Such interference often results in “Heisenbugs ” that appear rarely and are extremely difficult to reproduce and debug. Stress testing, in which the system is run under heavy load for a long time, is the method commonly employed to flush out such concurrency bugs. This form of testing provides inadequate coverage and has unpredictable results. This paper proposes an alternative called concurrency scenario testing which relies on systematic and exhaustive testing We have implemented a tool called CHESS for performing concurrency scenario testing of systems programs. CHESS uses model checking techniques to systematically generate all interleaving of a given scenario. CHESS scales to large concurrent programs and has found numerous previously unknown bugs in systems that had been stress tested for many months prior to being tested by CHESS. For each bug, CHESS is able to consistently reproduce an erroneous execution manifesting the bug, thereby making it significantly easier to debug the problem. CHESS has been integrated into the test frameworks of many code bases inside Microsoft and is being used by testers on a daily basis.
Absolute structure of resveratrol hexamers in Dipterocarpaceaeous plants (2015)

A resveratrol (Res) hexamer (vaticanol M (1)) and two O-glucosides of 1 (vatcasides E (2) and F (3)) and an epimer of 2 (vatcaside G (4)) were isolated from three Vatica species—Vatica bantamensis, Vatica chinensis, and Vatica albiramis. The structures with a 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl group on the C-12 position of (−)-vaticanol B (5) were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including NMR experiments, conformational search by a MacroModel module, and circular dichroism data.
Data Augmentation as a Service for Single View Creation (2011)

Businesses are increasingly realizing the value of creating a {\it single view} of its customers and partners by integrating information residing in 'siloed' datasets within and outside the enterprise. However, the task of {\it augmenting} data available within the enterprise with data purchased from third-party providers or that residing in a public domain such as Web often results in warehouses that contain databases having incomplete and/or inconsistent data. Hence, before the data can become useful, one must eliminate the inconsistency in values appended to the enterprise data. In this paper, we present {\it Data Augmentation as a service (DAaS)} that can help business in creating a consistent and usable single view of entities of interest. Specifically, our service will enable business rule writers to quickly create data augmentation rules by using our approximate functional dependency driven rule generation scheme. An accompanying challenge comes from having to manage a large number of rules and ensuring that new rules do not negate already existing rules. To mitigate this problem a rule-management and evaluation system that uses the Ripple Down Rules (RDR) framework is provided as part of our service. Using several large real-world datasets, we show our ability to learn rules for imputing attribute values with high accuracy and scalability necessary for enterprise users, how conflicts can arise within rules, and finally our ability to effectively handle those conflicts with high accuracy.
Intracellular Ca2+ responses induced by acetylcholine in the submucosal nasal gland acinar cells in guinea pigs (1995)

We examined intracellular Ca2+ responses of the nasal gland acinar cells to clarify cellular responses and molecular events with regard to the regulatory mechanism of the nasal secretion. The acinar cells of the serous gland in the nasal septum of guinea pigs were obtained by meticulous and selective dissection with minimal contamination by epithelial lining cells after collagenase treatment. The dispersed acini were incubated in the oxygenated solution supplemented with fura 2 acetoxymethyl ester, and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured by fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy. The application of acetylcholine (ACh) to the cells induced an initially rapid increased [Ca2+]i followed by a sustained plateau. The increase in [Ca2+]i induced by ACh was concentration dependent, ranging between 10(-8) and 10(-4) M. The [Ca2+]i response was completely inhibited by atropine, further indicating the involvement of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Removal of external Ca2+ with addition of EGTA resulted in a transient increase without a sustained phase, and the transient increase was abolished by the intracellular Ca2+ antagonist 8-(diethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate, indicating that this increase in [Ca2+]i was due to release from internal stores. The initial peak was not altered by changes in external pH, addition of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), nor addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) but was augmented by external K(+)-induced depolarization, suggesting that the transient increase was due to a changing in the binding affinity to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. The sustained Ca2+ entry induced by ACh was inhibited by Ni2+, but not by nifedipine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Generation of 17q21.31 duplication iPSC-derived neurons as a model for primary tauopathies (2022)

Tau proteins belong to the microtubule associated protein family and are mainly expressed in neurons. Tau accumulates in patients' brain in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Fronto-temporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Recently, we described a 17q21.31 duplication in patients presenting different cognitive or motor symptoms and characterized by the accumulation of different Tau isoforms. This duplication involves four genes, including the MAPT gene that encodes the Tau protein. The main pathophysiological consequence associated with this duplication was a 1.6-1.9-fold increase in the MAPT messenger RNA as measured in blood samples of duplication carriers. However, the pathophysiological consequences of this duplication in a cell type relevant for neurodegenerative diseases have never been explored so far. In this study, we developed the first model of primary tauopathy linked to a 17q21.31 duplication in iPSC-induced neurons from 2 unrelated carriers. As in patients' blood, we demonstrated that this duplication was associated with an increase in MAPT mRNA resulting in elevated Tau protein levels in iPSC-derived cortical neurons. We believe that these iPSC lines will be a pertinent tool to elucidate how a same genetic cause could lead to distinct types of tauopathies and the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with Tau-mediated neurodegeneration in the 17q21.31 duplication context.
Role of Sialic Acid for Platelet Lifespan and Function (2008)

Abstract Although sialic acid is considered a key determinant for the survival of circulating blood cells and glycoproteins, its role in platelet half-life is not fully clarified. We and others have previously provided evidence that thrombocytopenia in mice deficient in the ST3Gal-IV sialyltransferase gene (ST3Gal-IV−/− mice) is caused by rapid clearance of the platelets due to recognition of surface galactose by asialoglycoprotein receptor-expressing scavenger cells. Here we report new insight into clearance mechanisms, activation and production of sialic acid deficient platelets. Immunofluorescence staining of organ specimens harvested shortly after platelet transfusion demonstrated the predominant clearance of ST3Gal-IV−/− platelets by liver macrophages and, as previously reported, hepatocytes. The differential cellular clearance pathways were further explored following macrophage depletion in mice using clodronate encapsulated liposomes, a procedure that restored ST3Gal-IV−/− platelet circulation to approximately 40% of normal values, confirming that macrophages play a major role in the clearance of sialic acid deficient platelets and that other clearance pathways are equally important. Ingestion of ST3Gal-IV−/− platelets by hepatocytes was confirmed by in vitro HepG2 phagocytosis assays. We next investigated the function of desialylated platelets. Platelet binding of von Willebrand factor (vWf) upon botrocetin stimulation was 3 fold higher for ST3Gal-IV−/− platelet rich plasma compared to ST3Gal- IV+/+ platelet rich plasma. The circulation time of wild-type platelets transfused into ST3Gal-IV−/− mice was 20% reduced compared to control platelets, indicating that platelet removal could be accelerated due to binding of desialylated vWf to platelets. Loss of sialic acid did not affect platelet production in vitro and in vivo as cultivated megakaryocytes was found to produce proplatelets normally and measurements of reticulated platelets by flow cytometry showed a 3-fold increased thrombocytopoietic activity in the ST3Gal- IV−/− mice compared to wild-type mice. Interestingly, thiazole orange staining revealed a significant negative correlation between platelet size and platelet age for both genotypes, In conclusion, depletion of the ST3Gal-IV gene promotes binding of vWf to platelets, exposes platelet surface galactose residues to the lectin domain of asialoglycoprotein receptors on both hepatocytes and liver macrophages, resulting in rapid platelet clearance from the circulation and supporting previous findings that platelets decrease in size while aging in circulation.
Special Issue on Wearable Robotics: Dynamics, Control and Applications (2019)

While initially conceived for human motion augmentation, wearable robots have gradually evolved as technological aids in motion assistance and rehabilitation. There are increasing real-world applications in industrial and medical scenarios. Though efforts have been made on wearable robotic systems, e.g. robotic prostheses and exoskeletons, there are still several challenges in kinematics and actuation solutions, dynamic analysis and control of human-robot systems, neuro-control and human-robot interfaces; ergonomics and human-in-the-loop optimization. Meanwhile, real-world applications in industrial or medical scenarios are facing difficulties considering effectiveness.
Lateral Closing Wedge Osteotomy of Humerus for Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum. (2001)

Osteochondritis dissecans of the Numeral capitellum is not uncommon in boys who have played baseball rigorously from a very young age. We report the surgical results of the lateral closing wedge osteotomy of the humerus first reported by Yoshizu. All 9 boys complained of elbow pain on throwing and batting, tenderness on lateral humeral condyle, and limited elbow motion. They needed to stop playing baseball or reduce their activity because of the pain. Separated (7) or freed (2) fragments from the capitellum were seen by radiogram in all boys. These boys were observed under conservative treatment for at least one month. The age at surgery ranged from 13 to 16 (mean; 14.8) years old. An osteotomy was performed to remove laterally based wedge bones which had a peak located at the junction between the capitellum and trochlea, and a peak angle was 10 degrees. In 7 of 9 boys, cancellous bones were grafted, and in 5 of the 9 boys, bone pegs were inserted to fix the fragments. The follow-up ranged from 9 to 105 months (mean 38 months). After the surgery, the pain was reduced or disappeared in all boys. The mean range of motion of the elbow joint did not change significantly after the surgery. Six to 8 months after the surgery, eight of the boys could play baseball as well as they could before developing the problem.
Inhibition by Modified Oligodeoxynucleotides of the Expression of Type‐1 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor in Human Endothelial Cells (1995)

Antisense phosphodiester and phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (23-residue or 24-residue oligodeoxynucleotides) were constructed for sequences of type-1 plasminogen-activator-inhibitor mRNA to assess their capability to modulate type-1 plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-mediated fibrinolysis. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides were targeted at the mRNA sequence coding a signal peptide, at a part of the reactive center Ile342-Pro349, and at an internally translated segment Asn265-Leu272. The effect of antisense oligonucleotides on the concentration of type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor in conditioned media and human endothelial cells was determined by the activity test with fibrin as a substrate, and by immunoprecipitation after metabolic labelling of cells with [35S]methionine. Three phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides were specifically inhibitory while phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotides with the same sequence did not show any activity. Phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides 2, 4 and 6 inhibited the synthesis of type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor in endothelial cells in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. These data suggest that antisense oligodeoxynucleotides may be useful in the design of antithrombolytic therapeutics.
Low-risk Prostate Cancer Patients Without Visible Tumor (T1c) On Multiparametric MRI Could Qualify for Active Surveillance Candidate Even If They Did Not Meet Inclusion Criteria of Active Surveillance Protocol (2013)

The tumor visibility on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging could be a predictor of favorable disease for the prostate cancer patients who did not meet active surveillance criteria. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging could help to determine treatment modality for the low-risk prostate cancer patients who consider active surveillance even if they did not meet active surveillance criteria.
The effects of E mu, 3'alpha (hs 1,2) and 3'kappa enhancers on mutation of an Ig-VDJ-Cgamma2a Ig heavy gene in cultured B cells (1998)

The Ig kappa intronic and 3'kappa light chain enhancers have been shown to be necessary for V region hypermutation in kappa light chain transgenes. To investigate the role of the E mu intronic enhancer in V region hypermutation of heavy chain genes, E mu and its associated matrix attachment regions (MAR) were replaced with the SV40 or the cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer in a gamma2a construct that hypermutates its rearranged VDJ region in the NSO plasmacytoma and 18.81 pre-B cell lines. In this model in vitro system, mutation rates of stable transfectants were determined by reversion analysis using a V region stop codon that, when mutated, allowed the detection of cellular revertants by ELISA spot assay. The gamma2a constructs with the E mu, SV40 and CMV enhancers mutated at comparably high rates in the B cell lines, but not in L cells, indicating that the E mu enhancer and its associated MAR were not specifically required for IgH hypermutation in this system. In parallel experiments, the addition of the 3'alpha heavy chain enhancer (hs 1,2) or the 3'kappa light chain enhancer did not increase the mutation rate of a related mu reporter construct in which the associated VDJ mutates at a moderately low rate in NSO cells or in cell hybrids made between 18.81 and NSO. These results imply that cis-acting IgH elements that promote hypermutation may not be restricted to Ig-specific transcriptional enhancers.