gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Non-Parallel Wedged Surface Contact on Loosening Performance of Preloaded Bolts Under Transverse Excitation (2011)

An analytical model is proposed for investigating the effect of non-parallel (wedge) contact on the loosening performance of a preloaded bolt-nut connection under transverse cyclic excitation along the wedge direction. From the model, if the wedge angle is sufficiently small, the self-loosening may take place. On the other hand, if the wedge angle is large enough, the self-loosening caused by the back off rotation may be prevented. Experimental and analytical results show that the proposed model accurately predicts both the self-loosening performance, and it also establishes the requirements for preventing the loosening of the preloaded bolt-nut system.
Multispectral polarization active imager in the visible band (2000)

We present the concept of a Multispectral Polarization Active Imager operating in the visible range. The acquisition of three degree of polarization (0% &lt; Dp &lt; 100%) images and three intensity images at different wavelengths (RGB) enables to get information about the spectral signature of targets as well as their polarization properties. A theoretical analysis and an experimental validation of this technique are presented. The device is operating in a monostatic configuration, using a white light source to illuminate the target. The reception system consists of a liquid crystal achromatic polarization rotator followed by a liquid crystal color filter and a CCD camera, all driven by a computer. The three polarization images can be merged in one by using a RGB coding in order to visualize the whole polarization information. Results with different targets will be presented, emphasizing polarization effects about backscattering. In particular the degree of polarization is found to be highly correlated to the reflectance of diffuse materials like paints, papers and other coatings. A first interpretation is given to explain this phenomenon. Application to identification of targets with low sensitivity to irradiance can be envisaged thanks to multispectral polarization signature.
Role of Macrophage lncRNAs in Mediating Inflammatory Processes in Atherosclerosis and Sepsis (2023)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are molecules >200 bases in length without protein-coding functions implicated in signal transduction and gene expression regulation via interaction with proteins or RNAs, exhibiting various functions. The expression of lncRNAs has been detected in many cell types, including macrophages, a type of immune cell involved in acute and chronic inflammation, removal of dead or damaged cells, and tissue repair. Increasing evidence indicates that lncRNAs play essential roles in macrophage functions and disease development. Additionally, many animal studies have reported that blockage or modulation of lncRNA functions alleviates disease severity or morbidity rate. The present review summarizes the current knowledge regarding lncRNAs expressed in macrophages, focusing on their molecular targets and the biological processes regulated by them during the development of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and sepsis. Possible application of this information to lncRNA-targeting therapy is also discussed. The studies regarding macrophage lncRNAs described in this review can help provide valuable information for developing treatments for various pathological conditions involving macrophages.
Explaining Deep Learning Models Through Rule-Based Approximation and Visualization (2020)

This article describes a novel approach to the problem of developing explainable machine learning models. We consider a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) model representing a highway path planning policy for autonomous highway driving [1]. The model constitutes a mapping from the continuous multidimensional state space characterizing vehicle positions and velocities to a discrete set of actions in longitudinal and lateral direction. It is obtained by applying a customized version of the double deep Q-network learning algorithm [2]. The main idea is to approximate the DRL model with a set of IF-THEN rules that provide an alternative interpretable model, which is further enhanced by visualizing the rules. This concept is rationalized by the universal approximation properties of the rule-based models with fuzzy predicates. The proposed approach includes a learning engine composed of zero-order fuzzy rules, which generalize locally around the prototypes by using multivariate function models. The adjacent (in the data space) prototypes, which correspond to the same action, are further grouped and merged into the so-called MegaClouds reducing significantly the number of fuzzy rules. The input selection method is based on ranking the density of the individual inputs. Experimental results show that the specific DRL agent can be interpreted by approximating with families of rules of different granularity. The method is computationally efficient and can be potentially extended to addressing the explainability of the broader set of fully connected deep neural network models.
Halftoning algorithms for robust digital printing (2000)

Digital halftoning provides a mechanism for rendering continuous-tone images on discrete devices that are capable of directly generating only a few different output levels. We present robust halftoning approaches for both monochrome and color printing. First we incorporate models for printer dot interactions for monochrome electro-photographic printers within the iterative Direct Binary Search (DBS) halftoning algorithm. Both analytical and stochastic models are studied. In the analytical model it is assumed that the printer can generate a circular spot with constant absorptance at each printer addressable location, whereas the stochastic model is based on microscopic absorptance and variance measurements. We also present an efficient strategy for evaluating the change in computational cost as the search progresses. With our scheme, updating the change in error only involves a few fetches from two look-up-tables and some scalar multiplications and additions. Experimental results are provided that show that DBS with an appropriate model for printer dot interactions yields enhanced detail rendition, suppression of aliasing artifacts, and improved tonal gradation in shadow areas. Next the problem of optimal periodic clustered dot (CD) color screen design is addressed. In CD color screening, the screens for each colorant are rotated to a different angle and offset relative to each other. If the angles and offsets are not carefully chosen, visible moiré and rosette artifacts appear. These artifacts primarily result from the interaction of the periodic structures associated with the halftone screens of different colorants. Registration errors also introduce un-wanted displacements in the individual screens. Using lattice theory and a model for the perceived rendered halftone, we present a systematic method for designing moiré and rosette free CD color screens that are robust to registration errors.
Generation of α‐Phosphonovinyl Radicals and Development of a New Route to Highly Functionalized Vinylphosphonates and Vinylphosphonate‐Incorporated Carbocyclic or Heterocyclic Compounds via a Radical Trapping Sequence. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficacy and Safety of Mycobacterium indicus pranii as an adjunct therapy in Category II pulmonary tuberculosis in a randomized trial (2017)

Prolonged treatment of tuberculosis (TB) often leads to poor compliance, default and relapse, converting primary TB patients into category II TB (Cat IITB) cases, many of whom may convert to multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). We have evaluated the immunotherapeutic potential of Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) as an adjunct to Anti-Tubercular Treatment (ATT) in Cat II pulmonary TB (PTB) patients in a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, multicentric clinical trial. 890 sputum smear positive Cat II PTB patients were randomized to receive either six intra-dermal injections (2 + 4) of heat-killed MIP at a dose of 5 × 10<sup>8</sup> bacilli or placebo once in 2 weeks for 2 months. Sputum smear and culture examinations were performed at different time points. MIP was safe with no adverse effects. While sputum smear conversion did not show any statistically significant difference, significantly higher number of patients (67.1%) in the MIP group achieved sputum culture conversion at fourth week compared to the placebo (57%) group (p = 0.0002), suggesting a role of MIP in clearance of the bacilli. Since live bacteria are the major contributors for sustained incidence of TB, the potential of MIP in clearance of the bacilli has far reaching implications in controlling the spread of the disease.
Effect of diaspirin cross‐linked haemoglobin (DCLHb™) on mean arterial pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass in swine (2002)

Diaspirin cross-linked haemoglobin (DCLHb) is a haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier which had been proposed as a resuscitative solution to replace red cell transfusion in many clinical situations. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of different volumes of DCLHb 10% (1, 5 and 10 mL kg-1) on the cardiovascular system during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and to determine the effect of DCLHb (18 mL kg-1) when added directly to the CPB prime in anaesthetized swine. DCLHb, when used as a priming solution, induced a significant increase (around 20%) in mean arterial pressure (MAP), which persisted during the entire period of CPB (P < 0.05) as compared with controls. Administration of increasing doses of DCLHb during the time course of CPB resulted in a progressive increase in MAP (P < 0.05), suggesting a linear dose-response relationship. Nicardipine, a calcium channel blocker, returned MAP to baseline. Finally, weaning of CPB was easier in animals that received DCLHb, thereby suggesting a potential protective effect of free haemoglobin in this particular clinical situation.
De novo synthesis and salvage pathway coordinately regulates polyamine homeostasis and determines T cell proliferation and function (2020)

Abstract Robust and effective T cell-mediated immune responses require proper allocation of metabolic resources through metabolic pathways to sustain the energetically costly immune response. As an essential class of polycationic metabolites ubiquitously present in all living organisms, the polyamine pool is tightly regulated by biosynthesis and salvage pathway. We demonstrated that arginine is a major carbon donor and glutamine is a minor carbon donor for polyamine biosynthesis in T cells. Accordingly, the dependence of T cells can be partially relieved by replenishing the polyamine pool. In response to the blockage of de novo synthesis, T cells can rapidly restore the polyamine pool through a compensatory increase in polyamine uptake from the environment, indicating a layer of metabolic plasticity. Simultaneously blocking synthesis and uptake depletes the intracellular PA pool, inhibits T cell proliferation, suppresses T cell inflammation, indicating the potential therapeutic value of targeting the polyamine for managing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Alanine aminotransferase polymorphism in Finnish Lapps and Finns from Northeast Finland (2009)

Alanine aminotransferase (AIAT) polymorphism was studied in 595 Finnish Lapps and in 339 Finns from Northeast Finland by starch gel electrophoresis. The four Lapp groups studied differed significantly from each other with regard to their AIAT1 allele frequencies, and showed a decreasing AIAT1 allele frequency towards the east. The most western Lapp group, the Inari Mountain Lapps, showed the highest AIAT1 allele frequency (0.653) resembling the Norwegian Lapps. The most eastern group, the Skolt Lapps, showed the lowest (0.412) AIAT1 allele frequency encountered in Europe. The Finnish population sample showed an AIAT1 allele frequency typical to Caucasian populations, except for a high AIAT1 allele frequency found in the small northern-most group. No rare alleles were found. The family material included 37 Lapp families with 82 children. After addition of pyridoxal phosphate the technique for the AIAT typing has proved reliable and fully reproducible, constituting one of the most informative polymorphic red cell enzymes in forensic genetics.
S<sup>4</sup>W: globally optimized design of wireless communication systems (2002)

In this paper, a global optimization technique is applied to solve the optimal transmitter placement problem for indoor wireless systems. An e#cient pattern search algorithm---DIRECT (DIviding RECTangles) of Jones, Perttunen, and Stuckman (1993)---has been connected to a parallel 3D radio propagation ray tracing modeler running on a 200-node Beowulf cluster of Linux workstations. Surrogate functions for a parallel WCDMA (wideband code division multiple access) simulator were used to estimate the system performance for the global optimization algorithm. Power coverage and BER (bit error rate) are considered as two di#erent criteria for optimizing locations of a specified number of transmitters across the feasible region of the design space. This paper briefly describes the underlying radio propagation and WCDMA simulations and focuses on the design issues of the optimization loop.
ChemInform Abstract: General Approach for the Synthesis of Polyquinenes via the Weiss Reaction. Part 15. Synthesis of the (5.5.5.5)Fenestrane System via the Aldol Approach and Studies Directed Toward the (5.5.6.6)Fenestranes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PREREQUISITES FOR AFFECTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING (ASP) – PART III (2010)

This is the third part in a series on prerequisites for affective signal processing (ASP). So far, six prerequisites were identified: validation (e.g., mapping of constructs on signals), triangulation, a physiology-driven approach, and contributions of the signal processing community (van den Broek et al., 2009) and identification of users and theoretical specification (van den Broek et al., 2010). Here, two additional prerequisites are identified: integration of biosignals, and physical characteristics.
Fluid shear and spin‐echo images (1989)

Because clinical studies have indicated that shear in fluids may be one of the major causes of magnetic resonance image artifacts, we imaged an apparatus that would separate the effects of shear from the plethora of other motion artifacts. The apparatus contained fluid between two concentric cylinders. To produce shear, we turned the outer cylinder. To produce motion without shear, we turned both cylinders as one. Shear rates near 200 s-1 (similar to those in large arteries) can cause pixel intensities either to increase 40% or decrease to background levels. Increases can occur when the velocities are nearly parallel to the phase-encoding gradient. Decreases can occur when velocities are in the direction of the frequency gradient. The decreases are similar to those predicted from phase dispersion within a "voxel" so long as the voxel's phase warp does not exceed 2 pi.
Multi-carrier signal transmission through HVAC ducts: experimental results for channel capacity (2003)

We report, for the first time, experimental results on the channel capacity of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) ducts based on a multi-carrier transmission technique and measured channel frequency responses in the 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. Experiments using actual synthesized signals through a building HVAC duct system demonstrate the ability to transmit with a spectral efficiency of 3.74 bps/Hz, corresponding to over 300 Mbps transmission rate within the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The experimental results are within 80% of the theoretical maximums reported previously (see Xhafa, A.E. et al., Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Commun. (ICC'02), vol.2, p.936-9, 2002). For the transmission schemes employed, these results confirm the potential of using the HVAC duct channel for indoor wireless networks.
Prospective observational study and serosurvey of SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic healthcare workers at a Canadian tertiary care center (2021)

Health care workers (HCWs) are at higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and may play a role in transmitting the infection to vulnerable patients and members of the community. This is particularly worrisome in the context of asymptomatic infection. We performed a cross-sectional study looking at asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs. We screened asymptomatic HCWs for SARS-CoV-2 via PCR. Complementary viral genome sequencing was performed on positive swab specimens. A seroprevalence analysis was also performed using multiple assays. Asymptomatic health care worker cohorts had a combined swab positivity rate of 29/5776 (0.50%, 95%CI 0.32-0.75) relative to a comparative cohort of symptomatic HCWs, where 54/1597 (3.4%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (ratio of symptomatic to asymptomatic 6.8:1). SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among 996 asymptomatic HCWs with no prior known exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was 1.4-3.4%, depending on assay. A novel in-house Coronavirus protein microarray showed differing SARS-CoV-2 protein reactivities and helped define likely true positives vs. suspected false positives. Our study demonstrates the utility of routine screening of asymptomatic HCWs, which may help to identify a significant proportion of infections.
A new DNA marker, D3S640, Identifies a Dral, Hindlll polymorphisms on chromosome 3p (1991)

XLIB25-75" (D3S743) is a 2.4 kb EcoRI insert isolated from a Charon 21 A human chromosome 3 library (1).
Remarkable catalytic activity of a sulfonated mesoporous polymer (MP-SO3H) for the synthesis of solketal at room temperature (2017)

A sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous polymer (MP-SO<sub>3</sub>H) catalyst was prepared <italic>via</italic> post-synthetic modification of mesoporous polydivinylbenzene.
Retrospective Analysis of the Benefit of Various Acute-Phase Reactants for the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis (1996)

We examined the effectiveness of a new laboratory tool – the leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation test – in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. A total of 63 patients, mean age 32 (range 10-85) years, admitted for right lower quadrant abdominal pain were assessed clinically, and laboratory tests were performed. Forty-one of the 63 patients were operated on. Ten (15.8%) were found intra-operatively to have a normal appendix, and the remainder had appendicitis. White blood count, number of neutrophils and monocytes, and leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation were statistically significant in the 28 patients with frank appendicitis. The aim of this paper is the presentation of the leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation test as an important tool for more precise diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
Propionicimonas paludicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive, propionate-producing bacterium isolated from plant residue in irrigated rice-field soil (2003)

Two propionate-producing strains (Wd(T) and Wf) that were isolated anaerobically from plant residue of irrigated rice-field soil in Japan were characterized phenotypically and phylogenetically. The growth rate of strain Wd(T) was very slow in basal medium, but both growth and propionate production were stimulated significantly by the addition of cyanocobalamin. Strain Wf grew well in basal medium and produced substantial amounts of fermentation products, including propionate. Other phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics of the two isolates were almost identical. Both were facultatively anaerobic, but much better growth was observed under anaerobic conditions. Cells were Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and pleomorphic rods with irregular V- or crescent-shaped cell arrangements. Fermentation products from glucose in the presence of excess cyanocobalamin were acetate, lactate, a small amount of succinate and CO(2), in addition to propionate. Both oxidase and catalase activities were negative. The strains possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan and their major cellular fatty acids were C(13 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0) and C(15 : 0). The isolates had high genomic DNA G+C contents (68.7 and 67.4 mol%, respectively). Menaquinones MK-9(H(4)) and MK-10(H(4)) were the predominant respiratory quinones. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences placed both strains in the Actinobacteria, with Micropruina glycogenica as their closest relative (sequence similarity values of 95.8 and 95.7 %, respectively). Microlunatus phosphovorus and Friedmanniella antarctica were also related closely to the isolates. As their morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics were distinctly different from those of any related species, Propionicimonas paludicola gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these strains. The type strain of the novel species is Wd(T) (=JCM 11933(T)=DSM 15597(T)).
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylpyropene C, a New Inhibitor of Acyl‐CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Produced by Penicillium griseofulvum F1959. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evolution of Silicon Cleaning Technology Over the Last Twenty Years (2007)

This paper briefly summarizes selected developments that were marking progress in silicon cleaning technology over the last twenty years. The occasion for this review is a 10th International Symposium on Cleaning and Surface Conditioning Technology in Semiconductor Device Manufacturing organized under the auspices of the Electrochemical Society. This review considers general trends underlying the progress in cleaning technology, specific developments in the area of removal of various types of contaminants, as well as cleaning metrology. The concluding observation from this review is that the wafer cleaning technology is keeping up with increasing needs through continuous progress in all its facets. This progress will need to continue if the challenges resulting from increased complexity of device structures, new materials used, and the need to address environmental concerns are to be resolved.