gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model-driven optimization of multicomponent self-assembly processes (2013)

Here, we report an engineering approach toward multicomponent self-assembly processes by developing a methodology to circumvent spurious, metastable assemblies. The formation of metastable aggregates often hampers self-assembly of molecular building blocks into the desired nanostructures. Strategies are explored to master the pathway complexity and avoid off-pathway aggregates by optimizing the rate of assembly along the correct pathway. We study as a model system the coassembly of two monomers, the R- and S-chiral enantiomers of a π-conjugated oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) derivative. Coassembly kinetics are analyzed by developing a kinetic model, which reveals the initial assembly of metastable structures buffering free monomers and thereby slows the formation of thermodynamically stable assemblies. These metastable assemblies exert greater influence on the thermodynamically favored self-assembly pathway if the ratio between both monomers approaches 1:1, in agreement with experimental results. Moreover, competition by metastable assemblies is highly temperature dependent and hampers the assembly of equilibrium nanostructures most effectively at intermediate temperatures. We demonstrate that the rate of the assembly process may be optimized by tuning the cooling rate. Finally, it is shown by simulation that increasing the driving force for assembly stepwise by changing the solvent composition may circumvent metastable pathways and thereby force the assembly process directly into the correct pathway.
Instance-Based skew estimation of document images by a combination of variant and invariant (2007)

A novel technique for estimating geometric deformations is proposed and applied to document skew (i.e., rotation) estimation. The proposed method possesses two novel properties. First, the proposed method estimates the skew angles at individual connected components. Those skew angles are then voted to determine the skew angle of the entire document. Second, the proposed method is based on instancebased learning. Specifically, a rotation variant and a rotation invariant are learned, i.e., stored as instances for each character category, and referred for estimating the skew angle very efficiently. The result of a skew estimation experiment on 55 document images has shown that the skew angles of 54 document images were successfully estimated with errors smaller than 2.0 degree. The extension for estimating perspective deformation is also discussed for the application to camera-based OCR. 1.
Assessment of the Oil Potential of Deposits of the Bazhenov Formation of the Imilorskoye Field (2019)

Summary This paper presents a conceptual justification for the selection of promising areas in the sediments of the Bazhenov Formation (BS). The reservoirs in the BS of two genetic categories are evaluated, these are areas with “normal” bedding (thickened clay-bitumen stratum, carbonated radiolarites, and siliceous radiolarites) quicksand sands in Neocomian time). The main tasks are determining the boundaries of distribution and typing of reservoirs in the BS, testing various approaches in determining the estimated parameters, variable assessment of reserves for all types of possible reservoirs based on the lithological classification by the interim methodological guidance (GIR) "GKZ".
Cryopreservation and revival of Hawaiian stony corals via isochoric vitrification (2023)

ABSTRACT Corals are under siege by both local and global threats, creating a wordwide reef crisis. Cryopreservation is an important intervention measure and a vital component of the modern coral conservation toolkit, but preservation techniques are currently limited to sensitive reproductive materials that can only be obtained a few nights per year during spawning. Here, we report the first successful cryopreservation and revival of cm-scale coral fragments via mL-scale isochoric vitrification. We demonstrate coral viability at 24h post-thaw using a calibrated oxygen-uptake respirometry technique, and further show that the method can be applied in a passive, electronics-free configuration. Finally, we detail a complete prototype coral cryopreservation pipeline, which provides a platform for essential next steps in modulating postthaw stress and initiating long-term growth. These findings pave the way towards an approach that can be rapidly deployed around the world to secure the biological genetic diversity of our vanishing coral reefs.
Spatial convergence and divergence between cutaneous afferent axons and dorsal horn cells are not constant (2000)

We have proposed a quantitative model of the development of dorsal horn cell receptive fields (RFs) and somatotopic organization (Brown et al. [1997] Somatosens. Motor Res. 14:93–106). One component of that model is a hypothesis that convergence and divergence of connections between low-threshold primary afferent mechanoreceptive axons and dorsal horn cells are invariant over skin location and dorsal horn location. The more limited, and more easily tested, hypothesis that spatial convergence and divergence between cutaneous mechanoreceptors and dorsal horn cell are constant was examined. Spatial divergence is the number of dorsal horn cells whose RFs overlap the RF center of a primary afferent, and spatial convergence is the number of afferent RF centers that lie within the RF of a dorsal horn cell. Innervation density was determined as a function of location on the hindlimb by using peripheral nerve recording and axon counting. A descriptive model of dorsal horn cell receptive fields (Brown et al. [1998] J. Neurophysiol. 31:833–848) was used to simulate RFs of the entire dorsal horn cell population in order to estimate RF area and map scale as a function of location on the hindlimb. Previously reported correlations among innervation density, map scale, and RF size were confirmed. However, these correlations were not linear. The hypothesis that spatial convergence and divergence are constant was rejected. The previously proposed model of development of dorsal horn cell somatotopy and RF geometries must be revised to take variable spatial convergence and divergence into account. J. Comp. Neurol. 420:277–290, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Charge sustaining hybrid electric bikes in free-floating sharing service (2020)

This paper proposes a hierarchical multilevel control strategy, adaptive on the cyclist characterization, for the energy management of a fleet of hybrid electric bikes (HEBs) in a free-floating sharing service. We pursuit the goals of independence from recharging stations and of cycling effort reduction by means of motor assistance. To achieve these goals we exploit the variability of cycling efficiency. The results are assessed in a simulation environment.
Time‐interleaved acquisition of modes: An analysis of SAR and image contrast implications (2011)

As the magnetic field strength and therefore the operational frequency in MRI are increased, the radiofrequency wavelength approaches the size of the human head/body, resulting in wave effects which cause signal decreases and dropouts. Especially, whole-body imaging at 7 T and higher is therefore challenging. Recently, an acquisition scheme called time-interleaved acquisition of modes has been proposed to tackle the inhomogeneity problems in high-field MRI. The basic premise is to excite two (or more) different B 1+ modes using static radiofrequency shimming in an interleaved acquisition, where the complementary radiofrequency patterns of the two modes can be exploited to improve overall signal homogeneity. In this work, the impact of time-interleaved acquisition of mode on image contrast as well as on time-averaged specific absorption rate is addressed in detail. Time-interleaved acquisition of mode is superior in B 1+ homogeneity compared with conventional radiofrequency shimming while being highly specific absorption rate efficient. Time-interleaved acquisition of modes can enable almost homogeneous high-field imaging throughout the entire field of view in PD, T(2) , and T(2) *-weighted imaging and, if a specified homogeneity criterion is met, in T(1) -weighted imaging as well.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of N‐Acetylglucosaminyltransferases I and II in the Preparative Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Approximate Solutions of Combinatorial Problems via Quantum Relaxations (2021)

Combinatorial problems are formulated to find optimal designs within a fixed set of constraints. They are commonly found across diverse engineering and scientific domains. Understanding how to best use quantum computers for combinatorial optimization is to date an open problem. Here we propose new methods for producing approximate solutions for the maximum cut problem and its weighted version, which are based on relaxations to local quantum Hamiltonians. These relaxations are defined through commutative maps, which in turn are constructed borrowing ideas from quantum random access codes. We establish relations between the spectra of the relaxed Hamiltonians and optimal cuts of the original problems, via two quantum rounding protocols. The first one is based on projections to random magic states. It produces average cuts that approximate the optimal one by a factor of least 0.555 or 0.625, depending on the relaxation chosen, if given access to a quantum state with energy between the optimal classical cut and the maximal relaxed energy. The second rounding protocol is deterministic and it is based on estimation of Pauli observables. The proposed quantum relaxations inherit memory compression from quantum random access codes, which allowed us to test the performances of the methods presented for 3-regular random graphs and a design problem motivated by industry for sizes up to 40 nodes, on superconducting quantum processors.
Cytoprotective Effect of Water Extract of Vitis amurensis Root against Oxidative Stress in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes (2018)

왕머루(Vitis amurensis Rupr.)의 뿌리(머루근)는 한국을 비롯한 아시아 각국에서 다양한 질환의 예방과 치료의 목적으로 오랫동안 사용되어 왔다. 비록 머루근 추출물의 항산화 효과에 대한 몇몇 보고가 있었지만, 근본적인 분자생물학적 기전 연구는 아직 완전히 이해되지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 HaCaT 각질세포에서 산화적 스트레스(H₂O₂)에 대한 머루근 열수 추출물(WEVA)의 세포 보호 효과를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 WEVA는 H2O2에 의한 HaCaT 각질세포의 생존력 저하를 현저하게 억제시켜 WEVA가 산화적 스트레스에 대한 보호 효과가 있음을 보여주었다. WEVA는 또한 H₂O₂에 의한 PARP 분해와 pro-caspase-9와 -3의 발현 억제를 차단함으로써 H₂O₂에 의한 apoptosis를 효과적으로 억제시켰다. 이러한 WEVA의 apoptosis 억제 효과는 H₂O₂에 자극받은 HaCaT 세포에서 미토콘드리아 기능손상의 감소 및 pro-apoptotic Bax와 anti-apoptotic Bcl-2의 발현 변화의 차단과 관련이 있었다. 또한, WEVA는 H2O2에 의해 유도된 세포 내 ROS 축적과 DNA 손상을 억제하였고, Nrf2의 발현 증가와 관련된 강력한 항산화 효소인 HO-1과 NQO-1의 발현을 유도하였다. 이러한 결과는 WEVA가 ROS의 생성 억제 및 Nrf2 신호 전달계 활성을 통하여 각질세포를 산화적 스트레스에 의한 apoptosis 및 DNA 손상으로부터 보호하였음을 의미한다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 WEVA가 산화적 스트레스로 인한 피부질환의 치료 및 예방을 위한 기능성 소재로 유용성이 있음을 보여주었다.
Indoor Scan2BIM: Building information models of house interiors (2017)

We present a system to generate building information models (BIMs) of house interiors from 3D scans. The strength of our approach is its simplicity and low runtime which allows for mobile processing applications. We consider scans of single floor, Manhattan-like indoor scenes for which our method creates metric room layouts by detecting walls and performing a subsequent reasoning about their neighborhood relations. The output of our method is a 3D BIM with hierarchical semantic annotations for individual rooms being refined by walls, ceilings, floors and doors. A variety of experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Our reconstruction results compare well to other state-of-art methods in both reconstruction quality as well as runtime.
Electric vehicle traction based on a PM assisted synchronous reluctance motor (2014)

It is recently demonstrated that the synchronous reluctance motor is well suited for electric as well as for hybrid electric vehicles. Of course, a proper rotor design is necessary, since the main torque is due to the rotor anisotropy, that is, the permeance difference between the direct- and the quadrature-axis. The flux barrier ends are placed so as to reduce the torque ripple due to the slot harmonics. The torque ripple is also reduced adopting rotor asymmetries. The impact of the rotor design on the motor performance is presented deeply, showing several experimental test results carried out on synchronous reluctance motors with different rotor geometries. Permanent magnet can be inset in the flux barriers to assist the synchronous reluctance motor improving its capabilities. The main advantages and drawbacks of the permanent magnet adoption are highlighted.
Epidemiology of aneurysmal bone cyst in children: a multicenter study and literature review (2004)

The purpose of this study was to review the demographic data of children and adolescents with aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs). The authors performed a retrospective, multicenter, pediatric population-based analysis of 156 patients with primary ABCs. Only patients with histologic confirmation of the diagnosis were included. A review of French and English literature of 255 children and adolescents was included regarding sex, location of the lesion and age at diagnosis. There were 212 boys and 199 girls with a median age at diagnosis of 10.2 years (range, 1.5-17 years). Forty-four patients were under 5 years of age; 111 patients were between 5 and 10 years of age, and 139 were older than 10 years of age. The femur, tibia, spine, humerus, pelvis and fibula were the most common locations. In 256 cases (62.7%), ABCs occurred in long bones. We also studied the data and location of 161 ABCs of the mobile spine (13 cases from our series and 148 from the literature review). There were 48 ABCs in the cervical spine, 48 in the thoracic spine, and 65 in the lumbar spine. We found no main differences in site distribution and sex, between the children and the general population.
Efficient Multi-Task and Transfer Reinforcement Learning With Parameter-Compositional Framework (2023)

In this work, we investigate the potential of improving multi-task training and also leveraging it for transferring in the reinforcement learning setting. We identify several challenges towards this goal and propose a transferring approach with a parameter-compositional formulation. We investigate ways to improve the training of multi-task reinforcement learning which serves as the foundation for transferring. Then we conduct a number of transferring experiments on various manipulation tasks. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can have improved performance in the multi-task training stage, and further show effective transferring in terms of both sample efficiency and performance.
Modified atomic layer deposition of RuO2 thin films for capacitor electrodes (2007)

The authors investigated the modified atomic layer deposition (ALD) of RuO2 films using bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium [Ru(EtCp)2] at a deposition temperature of 265°C. Oxygen gas diluted with argon was supplied throughout all of the ALD steps. The growth rate of the modified ALD RuO2 was about 1.4Å∕cycle, which is higher than that of conventional Ru ALD due to the increase in the amount of Ru(EtCp)2 adsorption per cycle, as well as the difference in the unit cell volumes of Ru and RuO2. The film thickness increased linearly with the number of cycles, and the incubation cycle in the initial stage was negligible.
Terahertz extraordinary optical reflection from parallel-plate waveguide arrays (2017)

We theoretically and experimentally study the scattering of p-polarized EM waves from 1D arrays of thin metal plates at THz frequencies. In the simulation results, the reflectance is normally small but extraordinarily high under certain conditions. The resonant conditions correspond to coupled excitations between the surface modes along the array and the cavity modes inside the parallel-plate waveguides formed by the plates. Experimentally, we measure the transmittance of the 1D array, and show good agreement between theory and experiment.
Secondary electron emission and glow discharge properties of 12CaO·7Al2O3electride for fluorescent lamp applications (2011)

12CaO·7Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> electride, a sub-nanoporous compound having a work function of 2.4 eV, was examined as a candidate cathode material in fluorescent lamps. The electron emission yield was higher and the discharge voltage was lower for 12CaO·7Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> than for existing cathode materials such as Ni, Mo or W; therefore, the energy consumption of the fluorescent lamps can be improved using 12CaO·7Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> cathodes. Prototype glow-discharge lamps using 12CaO·7Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were constructed and exhibited reasonable durability.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments and Applications of Electron Microscopy to Heterogeneous Catalysis (2013)

Abstract Review: 183 refs.
Large scale screening of CRISPR guide RNAs using an optimized high throughput robotics system (2022)

All CRISPR/CAS systems utilize CRISPR guide RNAs (crRNAs), the design of which depend on the type of CAS protein, genetic target and the environment/matrix. While machine learning approaches have recently been developed to optimize some crRNA designs, candidate crRNAs must still be screened for efficacy under relevant conditions. Here, we demonstrate a high-throughput method to screen hundreds of candidate crRNAs for activation of Cas13a collateral RNA cleavage. Entire regions of a model gene transcript (Y. pestis lcrV gene) were tiled to produce overlapping crRNA sets. We tested for possible effects that included crRNA/target sequence, size and secondary structures, and the commercial source of DNA oligomers used to generate crRNAs. Detection of a 981 nt target RNA was initially successful with 271 out of 296 tested guide RNAs, and that was improved to 287 out of 296 (97%) after protocol optimizations. For this specific example, we determined that crRNA efficacy did not strongly depend on the target region or crRNA physical properties, but was dependent on the source of DNA oligomers used for RNA preparation. Our high-throughput methods for screening crRNAs has general applicability to the optimization of Cas12 and Cas13 guide RNA designs.
A Full-Color Video Rate FLC Display Based on Time Domain Color Switching with a TFT Array (1999)

Abstract This document introduces a full-color video rate FLC display which is based on time domain color switching with an amorphous Si TFT array. Research on particular polarization switching properties provided us with the technology for quick switching FLCs by using amorphous silicon TFTs. We created a prototype, and confirmed that it provided gray scale, short response time, high color purity, color balance adjustment, and a wide viewing angle. Our prototype demonstrated that it was possible to create a full-color video rate display based on this technology.
The Oxy-Fuel, Supercritical CO2 Allam Cycle: New Cycle Developments to Produce Even Lower-Cost Electricity From Fossil Fuels Without Atmospheric Emissions (2014)

The Allam Cycle is a new, high-pressure, oxy-fuel, supercritical CO2 cycle that generates low-cost electricity from fossil fuels while producing near-zero air emissions; all CO2 generated by the system is produced as a high-pressure, pipeline-ready by-product for use in enhanced oil recovery, industrial processes, or sequestration. The base cycle was developed by 8 Rivers Capital and is being commercialized by NET Power, LLC in partnership with Toshiba Corporation, Exelon Corporation, and CB&amp;I. The four parties are currently developing a natural gas-fired power plant to demonstrate this system. Target net efficiencies for the natural gas and coal versions of this cycle, based on current process modeling, are 59% and 52% (LHV) respectively, both with full carbon capture and no other air emissions. Detailed designs indicate that NET Power plants, with full carbon capture, will produce lower-cost electricity than state-of-the-art fossil fuel plants without CCS. 8 Rivers Capital continues to develop on top of the Allam Cycle platform. Building upon the original single turbine design, 8 Rivers has developed a two-turbine design that combines the benefits of the original, high-pressure Allam Cycle with a low-pressure reheat cycle. This new design can enable Allam Cycle-based plants to greatly increase power output with only a moderate increases in capital cost, substantially lowering the overall plant $/kW cost. Such a configuration would enable Allam Cycle plants to produce even lower-cost electricity than the single turbine Allam Cycle design currently being commercialized by NET Power, CB&amp;I, Toshiba and Exelon. This paper outlines the design considerations utilized for the base Allam Cycle development and then details this new cycle design and its potential benefits.
Chronobiological activity of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 during basal and induced autophagy in the ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cell line (2021)

Autophagy is an important cellular mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and its impairment correlates highly with age and age-related diseases. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of the eye represent a crucial model for studying autophagy, as RPE functions and integrity are highly dependent on an efficient autophagic process. Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) acts in immunoregulation and cellular stress responses and is a potential regulator of basal and adaptive autophagy. As basal autophagy is a dynamic process, the aim of this study was to define the role of CysLTR1 in autophagy regulation in a chronobiologic context using the ARPE-19 human RPE cell line. Effects of CysLTR1 inhibition on basal autophagic activity were analyzed at inactive/low and high lysosomal degradation activity with the antagonists zafirlukast (ZTK) and montelukast (MTK) at a dosage of 100 nM for 3 hours. Abundances of the autophagy markers LC3-II and SQSTM1 and LC3B particles were analyzed in the absence and presence of lysosomal inhibitors using western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. CysLTR1 antagonization revealed a biphasic effect of CysLTR1 on autophagosome formation and lysosomal degradation that depended on the autophagic activity of cells at treatment initiation. ZTK and MTK affected lysosomal degradation, but only ZTK regulated autophagosome formation. In addition, dexamethasone treatment and serum shock induced autophagy, which was repressed by CysLTR1 antagonization. As a newly identified autophagy modulator, CysLTR1 appears to be a key player in the chronobiological regulation of basal autophagy and adaptive autophagy in RPE cells.
Mn3O4 nanoparticle-decorated hollow mesoporous carbon spheres as an efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in Zn–air batteries (2020)

Hybrids of Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles and hollow carbon spheres prepared from templated pyrolysis of polydopamine were assembled <i>via</i> a straightforward sonication procedure. The resulting hybrids exhibit excellent catalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in prototype Zn-air batteries. Impressively, these catalysts exhibit higher discharge potential and exceptional stability when compared to commercial Pt-Ru catalysts while simultaneously showing comparable onset potential and maximum current density.