gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Description of Ion-Exchange Equilibria by Means of the Surface Complexation Theory (2017)

This chapter demonstrates the application of surface complexation theory for the interpretation of exchange equilibria of synthetic organic ion-exchange resins. Numerous investigations of liquid systems containing dissolved species have shown that there is a great variety of interactions possible between solvent and solute or between dissolved species. Within a homogeneous phase these interactions are caused by, e.g., electrostatic and van der Waals forces, heteropolar and covalent binding, or by coordination forces, and they occur regardless of whether the species are neutral or not. Ion exchangers, both inorganic and organic, are bearing excess charge within their matrices due either to substitution of structural atoms of a particular valence, e.g., Si, with atoms of a different valence, e.g., Al, or to the presence of functional sites. Organic ion-exchange resins consist of a matrix of irregular hydrocarbon chains to which the functional sites are attached.
<title>Fast implementation of the basis matrix and block basis matrix representation for morphological filters</title> (1995)

This paper presents a fast implementation method for grayscale function processing (FP) systems. The proposed method is based on the matrix representation of the FP system using the basis matrix (BM) and the block basis matrix (BBM). The computational efficiency derives from recursive algorithms based on some characteristics of the BM and BBM matrices. It is shown that, with the proposed scheme, both opening and closing can be determined in real time by 2N - 2 additions and 2N - 2 comparisons, and open-closing and close-opening by 4N - 4 additions and 4N - 4 comparisons, when the size of the GSE is equal to N.
Incorporation of La in epitaxial SrTiO3 thin films grown by atomic layer deposition on SrTiO3-buffered Si (001) substrates (2014)

Strontium titanate, SrTiO3 (STO), thin films incorporated with lanthanum are grown on Si (001) substrates at a thickness range of 5–25 nm. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to grow the LaxSr1−xTiO3 (La:STO) films after buffering the Si (001) substrate with four-unit-cells of STO deposited by molecular beam epitaxy. The crystalline structure and orientation of the La:STO films are confirmed via reflection high-energy electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The low temperature ALD growth (∼225 °C) and post-deposition annealing at 550 °C for 5 min maintains an abrupt interface between Si (001) and the crystalline oxide. Higher annealing temperatures (650 °C) show more complete La activation with film resistivities of ∼2.0 × 10−2 Ω cm for 20-nm-thick La:STO (x ∼ 0.15); however, the STO-Si interface is slightly degraded due to the increased annealing temperature. To demonstrate the selective incorporation of lanthanum by ALD, a layered heterostructure is grown with an undoped STO layer sandwiched between two conductive La:STO layers. Based on this work, an epitaxial oxide stack centered on La:STO and BaTiO3 integrated with Si is envisioned as a material candidate for a ferroelectric field-effect transistor.
Phase I Trial of Intramuscular Injection of a Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 2 α 1-Antitrypsin (AAT) Vector in AAT-Deficient Adults (2006)

A phase I trial of intramuscular injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (rAAV2) alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) vector was performed in 12 AAT-deficient adults, 10 of whom were male. All subjects were either homozygous for the most common AAT mutation (a missense mutation designated PI*Z) or compound heterozygous for PI*Z and another mutation known to cause disease. There were four dose cohorts, ranging from 2.1 x 10(12) vector genomes (VG) to 6.9 x 10(13) VG, with three subjects per cohort. Subjects were injected sequentially in a dose-escalating fashion with a minimum of 14 days between patients. Subjects who had been receiving AAT protein replacement discontinued that therapy 28 days before vector administration. There were no vector-related serious adverse events in any of the 12 participants. Vector DNA sequences were detected in the blood between 1 and 3 days after injection in nearly all patients receiving doses of 6.9 x 10(12) VG or higher. Anti-AAV2 capsid antibodies were present and rose after vector injection, but no other immune responses were detected. One subject who had not been receiving protein replacement exhibited low-level expression of wild-type M-AAT in the serum (82 nM), which was detectable 30 days after receiving an injection of 2.1 x 10(13) VG. Unfortunately, residual but declining M-AAT levels from the washout of the protein replacement elevated background levels sufficiently to obscure any possible vector expression in that range in most of the other individuals in the higher dose cohorts.
Brillouin light scattering and ferromagnetic resonance in sputtered NiFe/Cu/NiFe thin films (1997)

The spin-wave spectra of Ni81Fe19(t)/Cu(25 Å)/Ni81Fe19(t) with t=200 and 300 Å are investigated by means of Brillouin light scattering and ferromagnetic resonance. Samples grown on three different substrates, namely, MgO(100), MgO(110), and sapphire(0001), exhibit clear-cut volume and surface modes. Sharp linewidths are signatures of the excellent quality of the samples. Angle-dependent measurements reveal that, while the samples grown on MgO(100) and sapphire(0001) are nearly isotropic, a surprisingly large in-plane uniaxial anisotropy is a characteristic feature of the samples grown on MgO(110). Quantitative agreement between theoretical and experimental results is reported for a realistic set of the samples’ parameters.
CD133-targeted Gene Transfer Into Long-term Repopulating Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2014)

Gene therapy for hematological disorders relies on the genetic modification of CD34(+) cells, a heterogeneous cell population containing about 0.01% long-term repopulating cells. Here, we show that the lentiviral vector CD133-LV, which uses a surface marker on human primitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as entry receptor, transfers genes preferentially into cells with high engraftment capability. Transduction of unstimulated CD34(+) cells with CD133-LV resulted in gene marking of cells with competitive proliferative advantage in vitro and in immunodeficient mice. The CD133-LV-transduced population contained significantly more cells with repopulating capacity than cells transduced with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-LV, a lentiviral vector pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. Upon transfer of a barcode library, CD133-LV-transduced cells sustained gene marking in vivo for a prolonged period of time with a 6.7-fold higher recovery of barcodes compared to transduced control cells. Moreover, CD133-LV-transduced cells were capable of repopulating secondary recipients. Lastly, we show that this targeting strategy can be used for transfer of a therapeutic gene into CD34(+) cells obtained from patients suffering of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. In conclusion, direct gene transfer into CD133(+) cells allows for sustained long-term engraftment of gene corrected cells.
High-Pressure Synthesis of High-Purity and High-Performance Diamond and cBN Ceramics (2006)

High-purity, single-phase polycrystalline diamond and cBN have been successfully synthesized by direct conversion sintering from graphite and hBN, respectively, under static high pressure and high temperature. The high-purity polycrystalline diamond synthesized directly from graphite at ≧15 GPa and 2300-2500 °C has a mixed texture of a homogeneous fine structure (grain size : 10-30 nm, formed in a diffusion process) and a lamellar structure (formed in a martensitic process). The polycrystalline diamond has very high hardness equivalent to or even higher than that of diamond crystal. The high-purity polycrystalline cBN synthesized from high-purity hBN at 7.7 GPa and 2300 °C consists of homogeneous fine-grained particles (&lt;0.5 μm, formed in a diffusion process). The hardness of the fine-grained high-purity polycrystalline cBN is obviously higher than that of single-crystal cBN. The fine microstructure features without any secondary phases and extremely high hardness of the nano-polycrystalline diamond and the fine-grained polycrystalline cBN are promising for applications in next-generation high-precision and high-efficiency cutting tools.
A Study on Active Noise Control for Minimizing Total Acoustic Power (Acoustic Power Minimization on Zero Control Power Output) (2007)

This paper concerns the minimization of total acoustic power radiated from noise source. First, the authors focus that the acoustic power of the control source under the optimal condition for minimizing total acoustic power become zero. Then, the authors propose a method employing an active noise control in order to minimize the total acoustic power by investigating the acoustic intensity distribution pattern of the control source. This power reducing performance is verified on the basis of theoretical estimations.
Microwave-gated dynamic nuclear polarization (2016)

Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) has become a method of choice to enhance signals in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Recently, we have proposed to combine cross-polarization (CP) with D-DNP to provide high polarization P(<sup>13</sup>C) in short build-up times. In this paper, we show that switching microwave irradiation off for a few hundreds of milliseconds prior to CP can significantly boost the efficiency. By implementing microwave gating, <sup>13</sup>C polarizations on sodium [1-<sup>13</sup>C]acetate as high as 64% could be achieved with a polarization build-up time constant as short as 160 s. A polarization of P(<sup>13</sup>C) = 78% could even be reached for [<sup>13</sup>C]urea.
Stressin1-A, a Potent Corticotropin Releasing Factor Receptor 1 (CRF1)-Selective Peptide Agonist (2007)

The potencies and selectivity of peptide CRF antagonists is increased through structural constraints, suggesting that the resulting ligands assume distinct conformations when interacting with CRF1 and CRF2 receptors. To develop selective CRF receptor agonists, we have scanned the sequence -Gln-Ala-His-Ser-Asn-Arg- (residues 30-35 of [DPhe12,Nle21,38]Ac-hCRF4-41) with an i-(i+3) bridge consisting of the Glui-Xaa-Xbb-Lysi+3 scaffold, where residues i=30, 31, and 32. When i=31, stressin1-A, a potent CRF1 receptor-selective agonist was generated. In vitro, stressin1-A was equipotent to h/rCRF to release ACTH. Astressin1-A showed a low nanomolar affinity for CRF1 receptor (Ki=1.7 nM) and greater than 100-fold selectivity versus CRF2 receptor (Ki=222 nM). Stressin1-A released slightly less ACTH than oCRF in adult adrenal-intact male rats, with increased duration of action. Stressin1-A, injected intraperitoneally in rats, induced fecal pellet output (a CRF1 receptor-mediated response) and did not influence gastric emptying and blood pressure (CRF2 receptor-mediated responses).
Sensitivity of Phakopsora pachyrhizi towards quinone‐outside‐inhibitors and demethylation‐inhibitors, and corresponding resistance mechanisms (2013)

The G143A mutation is thought to result in significant as well as stable resistance factors towards QoIs, while other mutations play only a minor role. Since G143A development is prevented in Phakopsora pachyhrizi, a stable control of soybean rust with QoIs in future is rather likely. In contrast, a shifting in sensitivity towards DMIs has been observed, which is due to multiple independent mechanisms.
OUTCOMES OF REVERSE SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY FOR SEVERE PROXIMAL HUMERUS FRACTURE SEQUELAE (2012)

Purpose While treating fracture sequelae (FS) with unconstrained prostheses has been shown to give inferior or unpredictable outcomes, the literature is still scant regarding their treatment with reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). This study was performed to determine the suitability of RSA as a solution for FS with severe tuberosity malunion/nonunion and rotator cuff dysfunction, and to identify any useful preoperative prognostic factors. Method Between 1997 and 2007, RSA was performed in 26 cases for FS of type 4 according to the classification of Boileau et al., previously treated either operatively or nonoperatively. Prior treatment with hemiarthroplasty was an exclusion criteria, as was follow-up of less than two years, leaving 20 patients who had undergone an average of one surgery prior to the index RSA (range, 1–3) and were followed up for a mean of 4.8 years. Preoperatively, the mean global fatty degeneration index (GFDI) was 1.8 (range, 0.7–2.9), and almost half the patients had an atrophic or ruptured teres minor. The mean age at surgery was 70 years (range, 50–91). Clinical evaluation was performed by two independent observers with the help of the Constant score (CS) and Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV). Results Three patients (15%) had five complications, all of which were treated with reoperation. No infections and only one case of instability occurred. Overall, 82% were satisfied or very satisfied, and the mean relative CS improved by 45% (from 35% to 80%). The best range-of-motion gains were made in active anterior elevation, which improved by 53 (from 62 to 115), although gains were generally variable. Teres minor and subscapularis insufficiency was observed in many patients. Worse clinical outcomes were associated with these preoperative variables: prior surgical treatment, medical comorbidity, a lack of active external rotation, and a GFDI of 2.0 or more. However, the numbers available did not produce statistically significant correlations. Radiographic humeral-component loosening was seen in one patient (5%), and either the humeral or the glenoid component was considered at-risk in three patients (15%), although no revisions were performed for loosening. Conclusion These results show that in the medium term, RSA is a very good treatment option for elderly patients with severe FS and rotator cuff dysfunction. They are better than previously published results of RSA performed for FS but not as good as those of RSA for CTA. High satisfaction rates may be related to the severity of preoperative disability and good patient education. The association of prior surgical treatment with worse results may be related to the negative effect of surgery on the rotator cuff and anterior deltoid. Much can be learned from the reported complications, and outcomes will probably improve with improved prosthetic design and surgical techniques, as well as with better surgeon and patient awareness of the surgical pitfalls and variable clinical gains, especially in rotation.
M2M communications in cellular network deployments using LTE (2014)

With the widespread deployment of LTE 4G systems and large number of connected devices due to the Internet of Things, M2M services using LTE is under consideration by many cellular operators. In LTE Rel-12, low cost M2M devices with material cost comparable to EGPRS devices are being introduced. In addition, coverage enhancement techniques, which would be required to support M2M, will be standardized in Rel-13. In this paper, we will present an overview of M2M communication using LTE. We will cover the basics of LTE and show that LTE can be used to efficiently serve human and machine traffic. In addition, capacity results for some representative M2M services will be provided and their impact on human traffic will be discussed. Finally, M2M analysis using a real-world deployment scenario will be presented.
Fluorescent Probes Alter Miscibility Phase Boundaries in Ternary Vesicles (2007)

We use 2H NMR to study the effects of probes on the miscibility transition in multilamellar vesicles of di(18:1) phosphatidylcholine (PC; DOPC), chain perdeuterated di(16:0)PC (DPPCd62), and cholesterol both with and without 0.5 mol % of the fluorescent probes DiIC12 and DiOC18. Both probes raise the miscibility transition temperature in dispersions of 1:1 DOPC/DPPCd62 + 30% cholesterol but to differing extents. In membranes containing the popular probe DiIC12, the fraction of DPPCd62 lipids in the liquid disordered phase is increased, and the ordering of that phase is reduced even at low temperatures. All findings are consistent with a probe-induced expansion of the entire miscibility phase boundary. We examine membranes with smaller DiIC12 fractions and find a significant increase in transition temperature for samples with 0.05 mol % DiIC12, demonstrating that trace components can dramatically alter membrane phase behavior.
Scalable video streaming over OpenFlow networks: An optimization framework for QoS routing (2011)

OpenFlow is a clean-slate Future Internet architecture that decouples control and forwarding layers of routing, which has recently started being deployed throughout the world for research purposes. This paper presents an optimization framework for the OpenFlow controller in order to provide QoS support for scalable video streaming over an OpenFlow network. We pose and solve two optimization problems, where we route the base layer of SVC encoded video as a lossless-QoS flow, while the enhancement layers can be routed either as a lossy-QoS flow or as a best effort flow, respectively. The proposed approach differs from current QoS architectures since we provide dynamic rerouting capability possibly using non-shortest paths for lossless and lossy QoS flows. We show that dynamic rerouting of QoS flows achieves significant improvement on the video's overall PSNR under network congestion.
A PILOT STUDY OF AAV1/SERCA2a GENE TRANSFER IN THE RAT STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE MODEL (2008)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008A PILOT STUDY OF AAV1/SERCA2a GENE TRANSFER IN THE RAT STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE MODEL Dae Kyung Kim, Naoki Yoshimura, and Michael B Chancellor Dae Kyung KimDae Kyung Kim , Naoki YoshimuraNaoki Yoshimura , and Michael B ChancellorMichael B Chancellor View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)61571-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "A PILOT STUDY OF AAV1/SERCA2a GENE TRANSFER IN THE RAT STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE MODEL." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), pp. 534–535 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 534-535 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Dae Kyung Kim More articles by this author Naoki Yoshimura More articles by this author Michael B Chancellor More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
SiO/sub 2//AlGaN/InGaN/GaN MOSDHFETs (2002)

The characteristics of a novel nitride based field-effect transistor combining SiO/sub 2/ gate isolation and an AlGaN/InGaN/GaN double heterostructure design (MOSDHFET) are reported. The double heterostructure design with InGaN channel layer significantly improves confinement of the two-dimensional (2-D) electron gas and compensates strain modulation in AlGaN barrier resulting from the gate voltage modulations. These decrease the total trapped charge and hence the current collapse. The combination of the SiO/sub 2/ gate isolation and improved carrier confinement/strain management results in current collapse free MOSDHFET devices with gate leakage currents about four orders of magnitude lower than those of conventional Schottky gate HFETs.
Inter- and intra-patient variability of raltegravir pharmacokinetics in HIV-1-infected subjects (2011)

The pharmacokinetics of raltegravir in HIV-1-infected subjects are characterized not only by inter-patient variability but also by high intra-patient variability. This condition limits the application of TDM for raltegravir, and might potentially affect patient outcome.
Model‐Based Graphical Methods (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Mass Transfer Reaction Kinetics: Arrhenius Relations Mott-Schottky Plots Problems
Electron transfer studies of terpyridine based ruthenium(II)-donor dyads attached to nanostructured TiO2 (2005)

This thesis describes the synthesis and properties of ruthenium complexes relevant to artificial photosynthesis. The work includes preparation of RuIIpolypyridine complexes as well as multi component systems where RuII(bpy)3 or RuII(tpy)2 type complexes are used as photosesnsitizers.In the first part, the synthesis and characterisation of bipyridyl(pyridyl)methane type ligands and the corresponding ruthenium(II) bistridentate polypyridyl complexes is described. The bipyridyl-pyridyl methane type ligands were designed to increase the excited state lifetime of ruthenium(II) bisterpyridine-type complexes by altering the ligand field as compared to normal terpyridine ligands.In the second part photoinduced electron transfer and formation of charge separated states in donor-photosensitizer dyads or donor-photosensitizer-acceptor triads is studied. The first covalently linked donor-photosensitizer-acceptor triad with tyrosine as electron donor was prepared, and long lived light induced charge separation was observed. RuIIterpyridine complexes linked to carotenoid or tyrosine were also prepared, for studies of light induced charge separation on a TiO2 surface. Tryptofan was covalently linked to Ru(bpy)3 and proton coupled electron transfer from tryptophan to photogenerated ruthenium(III) was demonstrated. A pH-dependent study of the electron transfer rate gave insight into the mechanism of proton coupled electron transfer in amino acids.Finally, the last part of the thesis presents the preparation and properties of the first complex containing a photosensitizer covalently linked to a Fe-hydrogenase active site model.
[Bone and calcium update; bone research update. Molecular mechanisms regulating chondrocyte differentiation and hypertrophy]. (2011)

Chondrocyte differentiation process is composed of multiple steps. During the process, hypertrophy of chondrocyte is controlled by various factors including Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) . PTHrP signals regulate HDAC4-MEF2C axis in chondrocyte. Recently, several co-factors have been found to interact with Sox9. Function of chondrocyte-specific microRNA has been determined. Several types of Cre transgenic mice are available to express Cre at various steps during chondrocyte differentiation. Using these mice, gene functions at specific steps of chondrocyte differentiation are analyzed by generating conditional knockout mice and conditional transgenic mice. It may be possible in future to induce chondrocytes from skin fibroblasts of patients with genetic cartilage diseases by using iPS cell technology, and to analyze molecular mechanism that control differentiation of human chondrocytes.