gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
H9N2 Influenza Viruses Possessing H5N1-Like Internal Genomes Continue To Circulate in Poultry in Southeastern China (2000)

The transmission of H9N2 influenza viruses to humans and the realization that the A/Hong Kong/156/97-like (H5N1) (abbreviated HK/156/97) genome complex may be present in H9N2 viruses in southeastern China necessitated a study of the distribution and characterization of H9N2 viruses in poultry in the Hong Kong SAR in 1999. Serological studies indicated that H9N2 influenza viruses had infected a high proportion of chickens and other land-based birds (pigeon, pheasant, quail, guinea fowl, and chukka) from southeastern China. Two lineages of H9N2 influenza viruses present in the live-poultry markets were represented by A/Quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (Qa/HK/G1/97)-like and A/Duck/Hong Kong/Y280/97 (Dk/HK/Y280/97)-like viruses. Up to 16% of cages of quail in the poultry markets contained Qa/HK/G1/97-like viruses, while about 5% of cages of other land-based birds were infected with Dk/HK/Y280/97-like viruses. No reassortant between the two H9N2 virus lineages was detected despite their cocirculation in the poultry markets. Reassortant viruses represented by A/Chicken/Hong Kong/G9/97 (H9N2) were the major H9N2 influenza viruses circulating in the Hong Kong markets in 1997 but have not been detected since the chicken slaughter in 1997. The Qa/HK/G1/97-like viruses were frequently isolated from quail, while Dk/HK/Y280/97-like viruses were predominately associated with chickens. The Qa/HK/G1/97-like viruses were evolving relatively rapidly, especially in their PB2, HA, NP, and NA genes, suggesting that they are in the process of adapting to a new host. Experimental studies showed that both H9N2 lineages were primarily spread by the aerosol route and that neither quail nor chickens showed evidence of disease. The high prevalence of quail infected with Qa/HK/G1/97-like virus that contains six gene segments genetically highly related to HK/156/97 (H5N1) virus emphasizes the need for surveillance of mammals including humans.
Isotopic exchange in the platinum-catalyzed reductions of olefins in protic solvents (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsotopic exchange in the platinum-catalyzed reductions of olefins in protic solventsT. Randall Lee and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 7, 2568–2576Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00007a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00007a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐(E,E)‐2,7‐Dimethylocta‐2,4‐dienedioic Acid (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
847 (2012)

Introduction: C. glabrata (CG) and C. krusei (CK) are important species causing candidemia. IDSA guidelines indicate that echinocandin (ECH) is the preferred treatment (Tx) for CG/CK, due to potential resistance to fluconazole (FLU). This study evaluated resource utilization, Tx patterns and clinical outcomes for inpatients with CG/CK candidemia. Methods: This retrospective study used Cerner’s Health Facts data from 7/2005-3/2012. Adult inpatients with?1 blood culture (BCx) with CG or CK and timing of initial Tx with ECH or FLU relative to index BCx were studied. Descriptive outcome measurements included AF-LOS (length-of-stay following first antifungal [AF] order), mortality and measures of resource utilization. Results: CG/CK made up 32% (607/1914) of all Candida bloodstream infections. Initial Tx occurred with ECH (n=156, 26%), FLU (n=285, 47%), other AF agents (n=8, 1%); or no AF (n=158, 26%). 5% (n=21) of the patients had CK and 31% of the CG/CK cohort were infected with multiple Candida species. Initial Tx with FLU (>48h prior 34%; 48h prior to 72h after 47%; >72h after 19%) occurred earlier than ECH (>48h prior 13%; 48h prior to 72h after 55%; >72h after 33%) (P<0.001). For patients (pts) switching AF Tx (ECH n=32 (21%); FLU n=191 (67%), P=0.006), ECH pts stayed on initial Tx longer before switching vs FLU pts (10 vs 6 days, P<0.001). Significantly more ECH vs FLU pts had parenteral nutrition (35% vs 25%), dialysis (14% vs 8%), sepsis/septic shock (62% vs 52%), and hematologic dysfunction (39% vs 28%), while a higher proportion of FLU pts were admitted to ICU (47% vs 31%, P=0.001). Unadjusted AF-LOS appeared similar for FLU and ECH pts (21.7 vs 19.3 days, P=0.13); however, was notably greater with FLU for CK patients alone (39.3 vs 17.1 days, P=0.04). For CK pts, readmissions within 30 days occurred with 1 of 5 ECH pts vs 5 of 10 FLU pts (P=0.26). Overall mortality was high (ECH 31% vs FLU 24%, P=0.14). Conclusions: Pts with invasive CG/CK candidemia have high resource use and mortality. AF-LOS was considerably greater for FLU CK pts. The high proportion of CG/CK pts with initial FLU and switch to ECH supports the inadequate Tx of CK with FLU.
Pyroelectric Heat Detection for Calibrated Measurement of Atomic Layer Deposition Reaction Heat (2021)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) precursors and processes have been identified that enable the deposition of materials that span the periodic table. However, the detailed mechanisms, kinetics, thermodynamics, and complexities of even the most well-studied ALD half-reactions remain insufficiently resolved experimentally to test present computational hypotheses. In this work, a pyroelectric calorimeter is designed, implemented, calibrated, and electrically modeled to enable quantitative ALD reaction heat detection. The operation and response of three ALD calorimeter designs were evaluated for use as absolute ALD half-reaction heat detectors. The most effective design was calibrated in situ before being utilized to measure the heat generated by the reaction of trimethylaluminum with a hydroxylated alumina surface to produce 96 μJ/cm2 over a reaction time of ∼30 ms. With thermal and temporal resolutions down to 0.1 μJ/cm2 and 50 ns, respectively, this sensitive and ultrafast probe is poised to improve our fundamental understanding of numerous ALD reaction mechanisms through quantitative comparison with first-principles computation predictions.
Study on foil bearing : the Edge Effect (2002)

The air film thickness between a foil and a drum is studied experimentally using a measuring system under conditions where the Air film thickness is effected by the bending stiffness of the foil. For comparatively flexible foil cases, the experimental results coincide fairly well with theoretical ones obtained by applying the separation boundary condition. For cases with stiffer foil conditions, the tendency of the experimental results may also be explained well by the theoretical analysis, by introducing the concept of the tangency pint condition as well as the infinity point condition for the film pressure generration point The theortical tool of Finite Element Method is used to analyze film thickness and pressure distribution in a foil bearing for various values of foil stiffness, The calculated results agree with the experimental data, and it is concluded that the shallow shells model is useful and accurrate.
2018 IEEE Conference on Evolving and Adaptive Intelligent Systems (EAIS) (2018)

An important research challenge that needs to be address in the area of intelligent systems is the development of new, innovative and original methods, algorithms and implementations of systems with a high level of intelligent; that is, with a high level of flexibility and autonomy. This intelligence needs to be developed by understanding the environment in which these systems operate. However, these environments could be non-stationary, unpredictably changing and partially or completely unknown. For this reason, in order to develop an intelligent system - able to face with problems such as modeling, control, prediction, classification or data mining - in such environments, they need to be able to evolve, to self-develop, to self-organize, to self-evaluate and to self-improve. This is the cornerstone behind the Evolving and Adaptive Intelligent Systems. The emerging area of Evolving and Adaptive Intelligent Systems aims to develop systems that are more flexible than conventional adaptive systems that are usually applicable to linear systems with fixed structure. This area targets non-stationary processes by developing novel on-line learning methods and computationally efficient algorithms for real-time applications. Some of the natural implementation areas of Evolving and Adaptive Intelligent systems are: wireless sensor networks, assisted ambient intelligence, embedded soft computing diagnostics and prognostics algorithms, intelligent agents, smart evolving sensors, autonomous robotic systems, etc. This topic is the focus of the present conference (2012 IEEE Evolving and Adaptive Intelligent Systems - EAIS 12) which continues the tradition established by the successful series of IEEE conferences starting with EFS’06 (Lake District, England), GEFS’08 (Witten-Bomerhoz, Germany), ESDIS’09 (Nashville, USA), EIS’10 (Leicester, England), and EAIS’11 (Paris, France). This international conference is organized by the Computer Science Department of the Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain (CAOS research group) and the Technical Committee on Evolving and Intelligent Systems, and technically sponsored by the IEEE, Systems, Man, & Cybernetics Society. This volume collects 37 papers (98 authors) accepted and presented at the conference. The 98 authors from 26 countries confirm the international status of the event. The papers are grouped in the following sessions: Evolving Systems, Adaptive Systems, Applications of Evolving Systems, Robotics and Intelligent Agents, Intelligent Systems, Applications of Adaptive and Intelligent Systems. Also, the Special Session Computational Intelligence applied to Forecast Time Series is included as part of the conference. This conference will provide a friendly atmosphere and will be a leading international forum focusing on discussing problems, research, results and future directions in the area of Evolving and Adaptive Intelligent Systems. Finally, we would like to thank the hard work and dedication of the Programme Committee members and Organizing Committee members.
Design of a feedback controller for active noise control with in-ear headphones (2013)

This paper presents a method to design optimal feedback controllers for active noise control. It also shows the main problem of in-ear headphones, namely, interpersonal variances, and its possible solution. These variances make the design of stable feedback controllers with good noise attenuation difficult. To solve this problem we measured the secondary paths of a few test persons and divided these transfer functions into their minimum-phase and their allpass part using the complex cepstrum. In this context we show that the allpass part is almost constant. Thus, it is possible to generate an optimal controller for a given disturbance using the internal model control technique. After that the interpersonal variances will be partly compensated by a mean inverse minimum-phase transfer function. The result is a stable controller with a good noise attenuation for all test persons.
A Universal Wet-Chemistry Route to Metal Filling of Boron Nitride Nanotubes (2015)

We present a facile wet-chemistry method for efficient metal filling of the hollow inner cores of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). The fillers conform to the cross-section of the tube cavity and extend in length from a few nm to hundreds of nm. The methodology is robust and is demonstrated for noble metals (Au, Pt, Pd, and Ag), transition metals (Co), and post-transition elements (In). Transmission electron microscopy and related electron spectroscopy confirm the composition and morphology of the filler nanoparticles. Up to 60% of BNNTs of a given preparation batch have some degree of metal encapsulation, and individual tubes can have up to 10% of their core volume filled during initial loading. The growth, movement, and fusing of metal nanoparticles within the BNNTs are also examined.
Energy-Efficient RIS-Enabled NOMA Communication for 6G LEO Satellite Networks (2023)

This paper proposes an energy-efficient RIS-enabled NOMA communication for LEO satellite networks. The proposed framework simultaneously optimizes the transmit power of ground terminals at LEO satellite and passive beamforming at RIS while ensuring the quality of services. Due to the nature of the considered system and optimization variables, the problem of energy efficiency maximization is formulated as non-convex. In practice, it is very challenging to obtain the optimal solution for such problems. Therefore, we adopt alternating optimization methods to handle the joint optimization in two steps. In step 1, for any given phase shift vector, we calculate efficient power for ground terminals at satellite using Lagrangian dual method. Then, in step 2, given the transmit power, we design passive beamforming for RIS by solving the semi-definite programming. To validate the proposed solution, numerical results are also provided to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed optimization framework.
A Practical Guide for Ultrafiltration in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (2008)

Acute decompensated heart failure is the most common reason for inpatient hospital admission. Most patients admitted for decompensated heart failure are by definition diuretic-resistant. The therapeutic objective for these patients is volume and sodium removal and restoration of diuretic sensitivity. In a significant proportion of patients, this objective is not met, subjecting patients to readmission for recurrent heart failure decompensation. Ultrafiltration therapy offers the potential of greater volume and sodium removal as compared with conventional therapies in a more expeditious manner. Ultrafiltration can be safely and effectively accomplished in a non-intensive care setting but relies on earlier discharge with reduced readmission rates to be economically feasible. This paper reviews the current data regarding ultrafiltration therapy and provides a practical guide to patient selection, implementation and management of this therapy.
Extendability of CIP spin-valve sensors to narrow dimensions (2004)

In this paper, we study the recording head, the parasitic lead resistance makes the spin-valve performance and its properties.
Discovery of a Brain-Penetrant S1P3-Sparing Direct Agonist of the S1P1 and S1P5 Receptors Efficacious at Low Oral Dose (2011)

2-Amino-2-(4-octylphenethyl)propane-1,3-diol 1 (fingolimod, FTY720) has been recently marketed in the United States for the treatment of patients with remitting relapsing multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Its efficacy has been primarily linked to the agonism on T cells of S1P(1), one of the five sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) G-protein-coupled receptors, while its cardiovascular side effects have been associated with activity at S1P(3). Emerging data suggest that the ability of this molecule to cross the blood-brain barrier and to interact with both S1P(1) and S1P(5) in the central nervous system (CNS) may contribute to its efficacy in treating patients with RRMS. We have recently disclosed the structure of an advanced, first generation S1P(3)-sparing S1P(1) agonist, a zwitterion with limited CNS exposure. In this Article, we highlight our strategy toward the identification of CNS-penetrant S1P(3)-sparing S1P(1) and S1P(5) agonists resulting in the discovery of 5-(3-{2-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-isoquinolinyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-2-[(1-methylethyl)oxy]benzonitrile 15. Its exceptional in vivo potency and good pharmacokinetic properties translate into a very low predicted therapeutic dose in human (<1 mg p.o. once daily).
Hybrid Flow Switched Network with an Arbitrarily Reconfigurable Optical Switch (2018)

We present a hybrid network based on an integrated photonic switch capable of arbitrary linear transformations. We show bandwidth and latency improvements in a multi-switch network under heavy load from one to several flows.
Over 20% external quantum efficiency in red thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes using a reverse intersystem crossing activating host (2018)

Highly efficient red thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes were developed using a reverse intersystem crossing activating host derived from phenylcarbazole and pyridofuropyridine.
Efficient Robust AMF Using the Enhanced FRACTA Algorithm: Results from KASSPER I & 11' (2004)

Abstmct - This paper presents further developments and results of the FRACTA algorithm which has been shown to be robust to nonhomogeneous environments containing outliers. The main focus here is upon the detection of targets in the KASSPER I challenge data cube which possesses dense clusters of targets and the highly nonhomogeneous KASSPER II data in which severe clutter is present over all ranges and dopplers thereby hindering the identification of a dominant clutter ridge. The KASSPER II dataset is further exacerbated by dense clusters of targets as weU as the presence of several deep shadow regions that not only prevent target detection but may also skew covariance matrix estimation. A doppler-dependent thresholding technique is developed which is then incorporated into the FRACTA.E framework and then applied to the KASSPER I1 dataset. Simulation results are compared with the standard sliding window scheme as well as when clairvoyant knowledge of the covariance matrices is employed. For the KASSPER I data set the standard approach detects only 11 of the 268 total targets while the FRACTAE algorithm detects 192 which is the same amount achieved when clairvoyant clutter covariance knowledge is used. For a selected CPI of the KASSPER II dataset the standard approach is found to perform poorly with only 14 targets detected out of 127 while the FRACTA.E algorithm with the proposed modifcation detects 51 targets; 73 targets are found when clairvoyant clutter covariance knowledge is employed.
A Bayesian analysis of simulation algorithms for inference in belief networks (1993)

Abstract A belief network is a graphical representation of the underlying probabilistic relationships in a complex system. Belief networks have been employed as a representation of uncertain relationships in computer‐based diagnostic systems. These diagnostic systems provide assistance by assigning likelihoods to alternative explanatory hypotheses in response to a set of findings or observations. Approximation algorithms have been used to compute likelihoods of hypotheses in large networks. We analyze the performance of leading Monte Carlo approximation algorithms for computing posterior probabilities in belief networks. The analysis differs from earlier attempts to characterize the behavior of simulation algorithms in our explicit use of Bayesian statistics: We update a probability distribution over target probabilities of interest with information from randomized trials. For real ϵ, δ &lt; 1 and for a probabilistic inference Pr[ x | e ], the output of an inference approximation algorithm in an (ϵ, δ)‐ estimate of Pr[ x | e ] if with probability at least 1 – δ the output is within relative error ϵ of Pr[ x | e ]. We construct a stopping rule for the number of simulations required by logic sampling, randomized approximation schemes , and likelihood weighting to provide (ϵ, δ)‐estimates of Pr[ x | e ]. With Probability 1 – δ, the stopping rule is optimal in the sense that the algorithm performs the minimum number of required simulations. We prove that our stopping rules are insensitive to the prior probability distribution on Pr[ x | e ]. © 1993 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Author Correction: Patterns of somatic structural variation in human cancer genomes (2023)

In the published version of this paper, the members of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium were listed in the Supplementary Information; however, these members should have been included in the main paper. The original Article has been corrected to include the members and affiliations of the PCAWG Consortium in the main paper; the corrections have been made to the HTML version of the Article but not the PDF version. Additional minor corrections to affiliations have been made to the PDF and HTML versions of the original Article for consistency of information between the PCAWG list and the main paper.
Re-evaluating the Links between ‘Race’ and Residence (2009)

There is a wide swathe, and indeed long history, of UK literature featuring attempts to theorise differentials in housing position and shifting spatial settlement patterns in relation to ethnicity and ‘race’ (and also, more recently, faith group). Most of the earlier accounts were based on simplified versions of the structure-agency dualism or one or other variant of rational choice theory. Responding to criticisms that these relied too heavily on overly static notions of ‘choice’ and ‘constraint’, a few then turned to a form of theorisation that deployed a modified version of Giddens' structuration theory. This paper seeks to take the debate further by developing a model that retains much of the essence of structuration yet embodies a more dynamic and theoretically nuanced interpretation of both structure and agency. Structure, normally seen predominantly as a form of social regulation, will be seen as multi-layered and multi-dimensional and also, importantly, as subject to often unpredictable exogenous factors. The concept of social agency will also be subjected to a radical re-conceptualisation that reflects, amongst other things, recent shifts in social capital theory interpreted in the light of rapid demographic change (influenced by geo-political factors), ongoing social inequality, racism, and heightened inter- and intra-communal tensions in some areas.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 6, Figure Legends from Long-term Benefit of PD-L1 Blockade in Lung Cancer Associated with <i>JAK3</i> Activation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1: Orthogonal sequencing of JAK3 mutations. Figure S2: Copy number profile of tumor. Figure S3: Absolute copy number. Figure S4: PHIAL gel of patient's somatic exome results. Figure S5. Modified H-scores for tumor and immune cells. Figure S6. T cell re-activation following co-culture with JAK3-V722I expressing monocytes in the presence of MPDL3280A.&lt;/p&gt;