gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T Cell Activation Inhibitors Reduce CD8+ T Cell and Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Accumulation in Adipose Tissue of Obese Mice (2013)

Adipose tissue inflammation and specifically, pro-inflammatory macrophages are believed to contribute to insulin resistance (IR) in obesity in humans and animal models. Recent studies have invoked T cells in the recruitment of pro-inflammatory macrophages and the development of IR. To test the role of the T cell response in adipose tissue of mice fed an obesogenic diet, we used two agents (CTLA-4 Ig and anti-CD40L antibody) that block co-stimulation, which is essential for full T cell activation. C57BL/6 mice were fed an obesogenic diet for 16 weeks, and concomitantly either treated with CTLA-4 Ig, anti-CD40L antibody or an IgG control (300 µg/week). The treatments altered the immune cell composition of adipose tissue in obese mice. Treated mice demonstrated a marked reduction in pro-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages and activated CD8+ T cells. Mice treated with anti-CD40L exhibited reduced weight gain, which was accompanied by a trend toward improved IR. CTLA-4 Ig treatment, however, was not associated with improved IR. These data suggest that the presence of pro-inflammatory T cells and macrophages can be altered with co-stimulatory inhibitors, but may not be a significant contributor to the whole body IR phenotype.
GLP-1 receptor signaling is not required for reduced body weight after RYGB in rodents (2014)

Exaggerated GLP-1 and PYY secretion is thought to be a major mechanism in the reduced food intake and body weight after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Here, we use complementary pharmacological and genetic loss-of-function approaches to test the role of increased signaling by these gut hormones in high-fat diet-induced obese rodents. Chronic brain infusion of a supramaximal dose of the selective GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin-9-39 into the lateral cerebral ventricle significantly increased food intake and body weight in both RYGB and sham-operated rats, suggesting that, while contributing to the physiological control of food intake and body weight, central GLP-1 receptor signaling tone is not the critical mechanism uniquely responsible for the body weight-lowering effects of RYGB. Central infusion of the selective Y2R-antagonist BIIE0246 had no effect in either group, suggesting that it is not critical for the effects of RYGB on body weight under the conditions tested. In a recently established mouse model of RYGB that closely mimics surgery and weight loss dynamics in humans, obese GLP-1R-deficient mice lost the same amount of body weight and fat mass and maintained similarly lower body weight compared with wild-type mice. Together, the results surprisingly provide no support for important individual roles of either gut hormone in the specific mechanisms by which RYGB rats settle at a lower body weight. It is likely that the beneficial effects of bariatric surgeries are expressed through complex mechanisms that require combination approaches for their identification.
Drip Irrigation and Southern New Mexico Chile Pepper Production: A Survey of Producers (2001)

Production Economics
<title>Polysilicon surface-micromachined spatial light modulator with novel electronic integration</title> (2002)

This paper presents a high-speed resolution phase-only microelectromechanical system (MEMS) spatial light modulator (SLM), integrated with driver electronics, using through- wafer vias and solder bump bonding. It employs a polysilicon thin film MEMS technology that is well suited to micromirror array fabrication and offers significant improvement in SLM speed in comparison to alternative modulator technologies. Vertical through-wafer interconnections offer scalability required to achieve 1M-pixel array size. The design, development, fabrication and characterization of a scalable driver integrated SLM is discussed. Pixel opto- electromechanical performance has been quantified experimentally on prototypes, and results are reported.
Surgery of the alveolar process as related to prosthesis. (1977)

The healing of an extraction wound is taken as starting-point, and complications and their avoidance are discussed insofar as they affect the shape of the alveolar process. Surgical methods of treating cysts and other tumours are reviewed, and it is shown how these may be carried out with little damage to the form of the denture-base. Every dentist should bear in mind subsequent prosthetic care whenever undertaking surgery of the oral cavity.
An Approach to Analyse Errors Introduced in the Random Grid Strain Measurement Method (2008)

Abstract: The present work refers to the errors imposed by the recently introduced random‐grid mesh‐free full field strain measurement method. Excluding systematic errors of the digital camera, the method itself is not an error‐free procedure. A possible cause of errors could be the misplacement of the spot‐centre (centroid) with regard of the spot boundaries. Another cause of errors is the limited order of approximation in the field function. A third one, emerges from the so‐called ‘sub‐pixel effect’. This kind of error is difficult to trace, so direct comparison between the results of the method and exact solutions is required. In the present work, proper analytical or numerical derivations of those errors are presented and reasonable upper limits are estimated. Finally, numerical and experimental examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the method.
Temperature effect on polymerase fidelity (2021)

The discovery of extremophiles helped enable the development of groundbreaking technology such as PCR. Temperature variation is often an essential step of these technology platforms, but the effect of temperature on the error rate of polymerases from different origins is underexplored. Here, we applied high-throughput sequencing to profile the error rates of DNA polymerases from psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic origins with single-molecule resolution. We found that the reaction temperature substantially increases substitution and deletion error rates of psychrophilic and mesophilic DNA polymerases. Our motif analysis shows that the substitution error profiles cluster according to phylogenetic similarity of polymerases, not the reaction temperature, thus suggesting that the reaction temperature increases the global error rate of polymerases independent of the sequence context. Intriguingly, we also found that the DNA polymerase I of psychrophilic bacteria exhibits higher polymerization activity than its mesophilic ortholog across all temperature ranges, including down to -19 <sup>°</sup>C, which is well below the freezing temperature of water. Our results provide a useful reference for how the reaction temperature, a crucial parameter of biochemistry, can affect DNA polymerase fidelity in organisms adapted to a wide range of thermal environments.
Single antenna interference rejection in GSM/EDGE networks (2005)

While previous interference rejection techniques suitable for the widespread GSM/EDGE standard either require multiple antennas or are highly complex, this paper investigates the performance of a low-complexity single antenna interference rejection technique suitable for implementation in today's GSM terminals. The study is performed both on the link level in different scenarios and on the system level with fully dynamic radio network simulations. The link level simulations show significant gains. For example, with a single co-channel interferer, the gain over a conventional receiver is up to 10 dB. On the system level it is shown that the introduction of the proposed interference rejection method in all terminals gives a large increase in downlink speech capacity in a tightly planned GSM network. The strong but sporadic interference in such a network is an ideal environment for efficient interference rejection.
Demineralized Bone Matrix in Spine Surgery: A Review of Current Applications and Future Trends (2021)

DBM and DBF are bone graft options in spine surgery. Most commonly used as graft extenders, they have the ability to increase the volume of traditional grafting techniques while potentially inducing new bone formation. While the literature supports good fusion rates when used in the lumbar spine and when used with adjuvant cages or additional grafting techniques in the cervical spine, care should be taken when using as a stand-alone product. As new literature emerges, DBM and DBF can be a useful method in a surgeon's armamentarium for fusion-based procedures.
Intramolecular [4 + 2] Cycloadditions of Iminoacetonitriles:  A New Class of Azadienophiles for Hetero Diels−Alder Reactions (2003)

Iminoacetonitriles participate as reactive dienophiles in stereoselective intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reactions which afford substituted quinolizidines. The cycloadduct with exo-oriented cyano group is obtained as the major or exclusive product of the reaction as a consequence of the alpha-amino nitrile anomeric effect The alpha-amino nitrile moieties incorporated in the cycloadducts constitute latent iminium ions, which upon exposure to mild protic or Lewis acids are unmasked, setting the stage for further useful synthetic transformations. For example, reductive decyanation with NaBH3CN excises the cyano group, while Bruylants reaction with Grignard reagents and acetylides lead to alpha-substituted amines. The substrates for these [4 + 2] cycloadditions are prepared from readily available alcohols via a Mitsunobu coupling reaction with the previously unknown, easily prepared reagent HN(Tf)CH2CN followed by cesium carbonate promoted elimination of trifluoromethanesulfinate.
Analyzing thermoreversible bonding and debonding in macromolecular systems by temperature-dependent size-exclusion chromatography (2018)

The potential of temperature-dependent size-exclusion chromatography (TD SEC) for in situ analyses of thermoreversibly bonded polymers is discussed. TD SEC allows the evolution of the polymer’s molar mass distribution to be monitored during temperature-sensitive bonding and debonding reactions. Through quantitative evaluation of the chromatograms, the reaction-influencing parameters can be studied, which is crucial for the effective development of novel functional materials. By using TD SEC, the effect of polymer size and flexibility on the debonding temperatures of Diels-Alder (DA) polymers was confirmed, their debonding and bonding ability studied, and the de-crosslinking of thermoreversibly cross-linked DA polymers assessed. TD SEC offers a versatile platform for a broad variety of different polymer materials and to assess a variety of different analytical questions.
Rapid detection of Escherichia coli in aqueous samples by metabolic induced pH (2020)

Escherichia coli bacteria are a source of food related illness. If irrigation water is contaminated by fecal matter runoff, crops may become infected prior to harvesting, processing, or packaging. Existing test methods require 16-48 hours for confirmation of bacterial infection in the irrigation water. Therefore, providing a means for a rapid detection of water borne coliform and E. coli within a typical workday of 8-10 hours would allow a preventative response. We have developed a method to determine bacteria presence by a measure of metabolic activity with a spectral analysis system. Metabolic activity of live bacteria will appear as a drop in solution pH in a relatively short time frame during the growth phase of the cultured bacteria. A blue LED is used to excite fluorescein fluorescence in the bacterial growth media. The fluorescence exhibits pH sensitive spectral properties within a range of pH 4-7. Unmixing of the fluorescence spectral profile yields the pH and confirms a growing bacteria culture. Results can be provided in hours instead of days, depending on the initial concentration of living bacteria.
A fully integrated SiGe E-BAND transceiver chipset for broadband point-to-point communication (2012)

Fully integrated chipset at E-band frequencies in a superhetrodyne architecture covering the lower 71-76 GHz and upper 81-86 GHz bands were designed and fabricated in 0.13%m SiGe technology. The receiver chips include an image-reject low-noise amplifier (LNA), RF-to-IF mixer, variable gain IF amplifier, quadrature IF-to-baseband de-modulators, tunable baseband filter, phase-locked loop (PLL), and frequency multiplier by four (quadrupler). The receiver chips achieve 60dB gain, 8.5 dB noise figure, -30 dBm IIP3, and consumes 600 mW. The transmitter chips include a power amplifier, image-reject driver, IF-to-RF up-converting mixer, variable gain IF amplifier, quadrature baseband-to-IF modulator, PLL, and frequency multiplier by four (quadrupler). It achieves output power P1dB of 0 to 11 dBm, Psat of 3.3 to 14 dBm, and consumes 850 mW.
Interference Alignment under Training and Feedback Constraints (2011)

We consider the effective degrees of freedom (DoF) achieved by interference alignment when channel state information (CSI) is acquired by training and feedback. For a flat block- fading K × K interference channel with power P per transmitter and M antennas per node, we show that interference alignment achieves higher DoF than orthogonal transmission (e.g., TDMA) only if the channel coherence time is large and the capacity of feedback link is at least as Θ(log P). Under this condition, to maximize the effective DoF, each receiver needs to feed back CSI via (M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -1)log P bits per coherence interval; smaller growth rate of feedback bits will decrease the effective DoF. We also show that in the presence of training and feedback cost, K = 3 achieves the optimal DoF for a broad range of channel characteristics; with larger number of user pairs, the DoF falls short of its optimum and beyond a certain point becomes a decreasing function of K.
ChemInform Abstract: PEG Mediated Synthesis of Amino‐Functionalized 2,4,6‐Triarylpyridines. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
3D head tracking based on recognition and interpolation using a time-offlight depth sensor (2004)

This paper describes a head-tracking algorithm that is based on recognition and correlation-based weighted interpolation. The input is a sequence of 3D depth images generated by a novel time-of-flight depth sensor. These are processed to segment the background and foreground, and the latter is used as the input to the head tracking algorithm, which is composed of three major modules: First, a depth signature is created out of the depth images. Next, the signature is compared against signatures that are collected in a training set of depth images. Finally, a correlation metric is calculated between most possible signature hits. The head location is calculated by interpolating among stored depth values, using the correlation metrics as the weights. This combination of depth sensing and recognition-based head tracking provides more than 90 percent success. Even if the track is temporarily lost, it is easily recovered when a good match is obtained from the training set. The use of depth images and recognition-based head tracking achieves robust real-time tracking results under extreme conditions such as 180-degree rotation, temporary occlusions, and complex backgrounds.
Short-Range Leakage Cancelation in FMCW Radar Transceivers Using an Artificial On-Chip Target (2015)

A major drawback of frequency modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar systems is the permanent leakage from the transmit into the receive path. Besides leakage within the radar device itself, signal reflections from a fixed object in front of the antennas additionally introduce so-called short-range (SR) leakage. It causes a strong degradation of detection sensitivity due to the unpreventable phase noise of the transmit oscillator. In this work, we introduce an artificial on-chip target (OCT) to mitigate the SR leakage. The OCT consists of a delay line whose time delay is significantly smaller than the round-trip delay time of the SR leakage. This is motivated by the fact that in integrated circuits for automotive radar applications operating at 77 GHz delay lines in the range of only a few picoseconds can be realized with a reasonable amount of circuitry. Despite this constraint, we show that the proposed method achieves almost perfect cancelation of the SR leakage. The concept is based on the cross-correlation properties of the residual phase noise in the intermediate frequency (IF) domain. Further, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in an FMCW radar system simulation. It almost perfectly shows that a gain in sensitivity of approximately 6 dB is achieved, compensating for the performance degradation caused by the SR leakage. The novel leakage cancelation concept is carried out mainly in the digital domain enabling high flexibility and adaptivity.
Substrate-enantiomer selectivity of matairesinol O-methyltransferases (2014)

Previously we reported a cDNA encoding an O-methyltransferase (OMT) responsible for the O-methylation of matairesinol to afford arctigenin in Carthamus tinctorius. However, the regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of its reaction are not yet well understood. In this paper, we report the characterization and comparison of three matairesinol OMTs (MROMTs) encoded by cDNAs isolated from C. tinctorius (CtMROMT), Anthriscus sylvestris (AsMROMT), and Forsythia koreana (FkMROMT). Although they shared matairesinol as a substrate, each recombinant MROMT showed different catalytic behavior. AsMROMT and CtMROMT methylated matairesinol’s hydroxyl group at the C4′ position giving rise to arctigenin, while FkMROMT methylated the C4 position hydroxyl group giving rise to isoarctigenin. Analysis of the enantiomeric composition of products from racemic matairesinol showed all OMT reactions to be highly selective in terms of the substrate enantiomers and only use the (−)-enantiomer as the substrate.
Natural infection of human adenovirus 36 in rhesus monkeys is associated with gain in body fat, yet, reduction in fasting glucose (2013)

Experimental infection of Ad36 increases adiposity, yet improves glycemic control in rodents. In humans, natural Ad36 infection is temporally associated with gain in adiposity and better glycemic control. We determined associations of natural Ad36 infection with changes in adiposity and glycemic control in rhesus monkeys. Monkeys randomized 1y earlier to receive a diet of high fat and sucrose (HFS, N=10) or HFS+resveratrol (RES, N=10), were screened for neutralizing antibodies to Ad36. Ad36‐seropositive (POS; N=5 HFS; 5 RES) and seronegatives (NEG) were compared cross‐sectionally and after 1y follow‐up. In pooled HFS and RES groups, cross‐sectionally, NEG and POS groups did not differ in age, body fat, or fasting glucose (p&gt;;0.9). However, 1y later, fat gain was 510g vs 1245g and reductions in fasting glucose were −3 and −10mg/dL for NEG vs POS, respectively. Gain in body fat and drop in fasting glucose after 1y follow‐up, were significant for POS (p&lt;0.003), but not for NEG. When analyzed separately by diet and seropositivity, only the RES treated POS group showed significant reductions in fasting glucose during 1y follow up (p=0.007). In summary, Ad36 infection is linked with changes in adiposity and glycemic control. Considering effect of resveratrol on reduction in fasting glucose was augmented by Ad36 infection, the interaction may be further evaluated, particularly when studying metabolic interventions.
Design of Local Heat Treatment for Crack Retardation in Aluminium Alloys (2015)

Residual stresses introduced by laser heating can be used to improve the damage tolerance behaviour of lightweight structures. In this study the efficiency of a novel design was analysed, namely the application of dashed line patterns. The samples were prepared out of sheets of AA2024 T3 alloy. Two lines applied symmetrically on M(T)200 specimens resulted in an increase in fatigue lifetime of about 20% in comparison to the untreated material. The corresponding improvement by using continuous lines in the same geometry and material was only 10%. The application of a second set of lines increased the total improvement to 20% in the case of continuous lines while no further improvement of the value of 20% in the case of dashed lines was achieved.
IN VITRO RELEASE OF VANCOMYCIN FROM SOLUTION-IMPREGNATED BONE CHIPS AND OSTEOMYCIN® BONECHIPS QUANTIFIED USING UPLC-DAD CHROMATOGRAPHY (2015)

Vancomycin -impregnated bonechips from a human morselized femoral head allograft (BCs) are used in orthopaedic surgery to treat infections. Literature suggests that bonechips can be efficient vancomycin carriers, but due to the diversity in the type of bonechips, of impregnation and of method used to evaluate AB release, there are no uniform guidelines. We performed an in vitro study to examine the release of vancomycin from solution-impregnated deepfrozen processed bonechips. Quantification was performed using a fully validated chromatographic method. Results were compared with the elution-profile from Osteomycin®, a commercially available lyophilised processed bonegraft. Different vancomycine impregnation-concentrations and impregnation-durations of frozen processed bonechips were investigated. After impregnation, bonechips were rinsed with saline in order to determine only the absorbed vancomycin. Elution was performed in newborn calf serum at 37°C. Eluted vancomycin concentrations were determined using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography – Diode Array Detection (UPLC-DAD). In addition an elution study was performed on the commercially available Osteomycin®, bone chips containing vancomycine. Using processed frozen bonechips, an impregnation-concentration of minimum 100 mg/mL during 10 minutes delivers the desired local concentration (therapeutic window 25 – 1000 mg/L) for 3 days. Longer impregnation time at this concentration had no effect. Osteomycin®: delivers the desired local concentration for 8 days in our experimental setting. Literature suggests that freshfrozen BCs can be used as carrier for vancomycin through solution-impregnation [1,3]. There is however much less information on the carrier-capacities of frozen processed bonechips, a type used in our hospital. Our impregnation-protocol was based on that of Mathyssen et al., but with direct quantification of elution concentrations. Impregnation with vancomycine 100 mg/mL during 10 minutes results in a release above the desired concentration for 3 days, which seems too short when treating bone-infections. Osteomycin®, shows a substantially longer elution [2]. Vancomycin-solution impregnation of frozen processed bonechips may not be sufficient to obtain the desired release-characteristics for the treatment of bone-infections.