gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding on Huayan Theory of Seonggi(Xingqi) and Yeon'gi(Yuanqi) in Korean Buddhism -Focusing on the Differences Between Uisang's and Jinul's Thought- (2016)

현재 국내학계에서는 일반적으로 의상의 화엄사상에 대하여 부처가 증득한 진리 자체의 체험에 중점을 두는 성기사상으로서, 현상세계의 사사무애적 모습을 설명하는데 중점을 둔 법장(法藏)이나 징관(澄觀) 등의 연기적 사상과 구별된다고 이해되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 이해는 이통현(李通玄)의 『신화엄경론』에 의거하여 모든 존재의 동질적 본체인 근본보광명지(根本普光明智)의 증득을 『화엄경』의 궁극적 진리인 성기로 파악하고 그와 달리 사물들의 사사무애적 모습의 증득을 중시하는 기존 화엄교학을 연기에 그친 것으로 비판한 지눌의 견해에 근거한 것으로서, 실제 의상 및 그 문도들의 화엄사상을 제대로 파악하였다고 보기 힘들다. 의상은 지엄(智儼)의 사상을 계승하여 사물들이 상즉상입하는 법계연기를 중시하였고, 성기는 그러한 법계연기의 궁극으로 이해하였다. 그리고 그 점에 있어서는 법장이나 징관 등의 성기에 대한 이해와 상통한다고 할 수 있다. 오히려 본질적 동일성을 중시하면서 현상 세계의 사사무애적 관계에 대한 해명을 불필요한 것으로 간주한 이통현이나 지눌의 사상과는 중요한 차이가 있다고 할 수 있다.BR 한편 의상의 사상을 계승한 신라와 고려의 화엄학자들은 성기와 연기에 대해 독자적인 이해를 가지고 있었다. 그들은 일승의 진리를 증득하기 위한 수행법으로서 사물들의 상즉상입적 관계를 파악하는 계기적 인식으로서 인연관, 연기관, 성기관 등을 제시하였고, 이에 의거한 진리의 증득을 위한 (점차적인) 수행을 실천하였다. 이들은 사물들의 상즉상입적 관계에 대한 인식이야말로 일승의 증득을 위한 수행의 요체라고 생각하였고, 이런 점에서 이통현이나 지눌의 수행법과는 대척적인 위치에 있었다고 할 수 있다. 선승이었던 지눌은 기존의 화엄학 중에서 선종의 상통하는 이통현의 이해에 공감하는 한편 심성(心性)의 체득보다 현상세계의 사물들의 상즉상입을 중시하는 당시 고려의 화엄학자들의 이해를 비판하기 위하여 양자를 성기(문)과 연기(문)으로 구별하였던 것으로 생각된다.
A Comparison Between GaAs Mesfet and Si NMOS ESD Behaviour (1987)

Work is in hand at Loughborough University to investigate and compare the ESD sensitivity of GaAs D‐MESFETs and unprotected enhancement mode NMOS structures. The work to date has shown that GaAs MESFET structures can be severely degraded with ESD pulses above 600V as compared with 200V for Si NMOS. It has also been shown that both GaAs and NMOS structures are polarity sensitive. The behaviour of the Schottky barrier is used to explain the polarity behaviour in GaAs MESFETs. The breakdown of the oxide in the NMOS devices can be explained by impact ionisation.
An inflammation-targeting hydrogel for local drug delivery in inflammatory bowel disease (2015)

There is a clinical need for new, more effective treatments for chronic and debilitating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Targeting drugs selectively to the inflamed intestine may improve therapeutic outcomes and minimize systemic toxicity. We report the development of an inflammation-targeting hydrogel (IT-hydrogel) that acts as a drug delivery system to the inflamed colon. Hydrogel microfibers were generated from ascorbyl palmitate, an amphiphile that is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. IT-hydrogel microfibers loaded with the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid dexamethasone (Dex) were stable, released drug only upon enzymatic digestion, and demonstrated preferential adhesion to inflamed epithelial surfaces in vitro and in two mouse colitis models in vivo. Dex-loaded IT-hydrogel enemas, but not free Dex enemas, administered every other day to mice with colitis resulted in a significant reduction in inflammation and were associated with lower Dex peak serum concentrations and, thus, less systemic drug exposure. Ex vivo analysis of colon tissue samples from patients with ulcerative colitis demonstrated that IT-hydrogel microfibers adhered preferentially to mucosa from inflamed lesions compared with histologically normal sites. The IT-hydrogel drug delivery platform represents a promising approach for targeted enema-based therapies in patients with colonic IBD.
Role of O2radicals on silicone plasma treatments for a-Si:H surface passivation of PV wafers bonded to glass (2015)

Argon (Ar) and oxygen (O2) plasmas are performed on silicone adhesives to eliminate the negative influence of silicone on amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) surface passivation of wafers bonded to glass. Both the Ar and O2 plasmas lead to oxidation of the silicone surface, consisting in an increase of oxygen/carbon ratio, of degree of crosslinking, and of material density. The oxidized silicone is more resilient than pristine and does not interact with the a-Si:H passivation process, allowing for state-of-the-art surface passivation of wafers bonded to glass. Similarities between the modifications induced by the Ar and O2 plasmas on the silicone indicate the secondary role of the O2 radicals in the oxidation process. Moreover, amorphous/crystalline heterojunction interdigitated back contact solar cells (a-Si:H/c-Si HJ i-BC) are fabricated on freestanding and bonded wafers treated with Ar plasma. The devices show comparable open-circuit voltages of up to 675 mV, confirming at device level the efficacy of the treatment.
Graphite Nanocomposite Substrates for Improved Performance of Flexible, High-Power AlGaN/GaN Electronic Devices (2021)

High-power, flexible electronic devices require substrates that effectively dissipate heat while maintaining mechanical compliance. Nanocomposite substrates with ∼20 μm graphite nanoplatelets were incorporated into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix to improve heat transfer from electronic devices and provide a platform for integration into diverse and useful form factors. The composite substrate material exhibited a 9× increase in thermal conductivity (from 0.2 to 1.8 W m–1 K–1) compared to PDMS while maintaining comparable levels of mechanical flexibility. Thinned 2-μm AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors were directly transferred without an adhesive to the composite substrate from the sapphire growth substrate to investigate the impact of the underlying substrate properties on device performance. The devices on composite substrates exhibit a high DC operation power of 6 W mm–1 and were able to withstand cyclic bending over a 15 mm bend radius with no indication of performance degradation, highlighting the nanocomposite substrate as a suitable means to more fully realize the benefits of high-power, flexible devices.
Synthesis, trehalase hydrolytic resistance and inhibition properties of 4- and 6-substituted trehalose derivatives (2020)

Although trehalose has recently gained interest because of its pharmaceutical potential, its clinical use is hampered due to its low bioavailability. Hence, hydrolysis-resistant trehalose analogues retaining biological activity could be of interest. In this study, 34 4- and 6-<i>O</i>-substituted trehalose derivatives were synthesised using an ether- or carbamate-type linkage. Their hydrolysis susceptibility and inhibitory properties were determined against two trehalases, i.e. porcine kidney and <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i>. With the exception of three weakly hydrolysable 6-<i>O</i>-alkyl derivatives, the compounds generally showed to be completely resistant. Moreover, a number of derivatives was shown to be an inhibitor of one or both of these trehalases. For the strongest inhibitors of porcine kidney trehalase IC<sub>50</sub> values of around 10 mM could be determined, whereas several compounds displayed sub-mM IC<sub>50</sub> against <i>M. smegmatis</i> trehalase. Dockings studies were performed to explain the observed influence of the substitution pattern on the inhibitory activity towards porcine kidney trehalase.
Improved Adhesion of Nafion™-Coated Separator to Water-Processable LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Electrodes (2020)

The adhesion between electrode and separator is a key feature in cell assembly. Nafion™-coated separators for water-processed LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) electrodes are here proposed as an alternative to the polyolefin separators. Specifically, polyolefin separators are modified with Nafion™ solutions and their adhesion to high-potential LNMO electrodes is investigated. The physicochemical properties of the Nafion™-coated separator and its electrochemical performance in Li/LNMO cells are discussed and compared to those obtained with polyolefin Celgard® (Charlotte, NC, USA) PP2075 separator. Improved adhesion and cycling stability, which could be further enhanced by a mild lamination process, were demonstrated with a thin layer of Nafion™ (0.1 mg cm−2).
Energy-performance tradeoffs in processor architecture and circuit design (2010)

Power consumption has become a major constraint in the design of processors today. To optimize a processor for energy-efficiency requires an examination of energy-performance trade-offs in all aspects of the processor design space, including both architectural and circuit design choices. In this paper, we apply an integrated architecture-circuit optimization framework to map out energy-performance trade-offs of several different high-level processor architectures. We show how the joint architecture-circuit space provides a trade-off range of approximately 6.5x in performance for 4x energy, and we identify the optimal architectures for different design objectives. We then show that many of the designs in this space come at very high marginal costs. Our results show that, for a large range of design objectives, voltage scaling is effective in efficiently trading off performance and energy, and that the choice of optimal architecture and circuits does not change much during voltage scaling. Finally, we show that with only two designs--a dual-issue in-order design and a dual-issue out-of-order design, both properly optimized-a large part of the energy-performance trade-off space can be covered within 3% of the optimal energy-efficiency.
University of Utah Hybrid-Flexible Education (2021)

This paper describes methods we are using in ECE at the University of Utah to support a Hybrid Flexible (HyFlex) classes. Classes are offered both in person and online. We describe the teaching approach for two asynchronous online courses &#x2013; Intro. to EM and Numerical EM and a synchronous freshman circuits course. We will also describe three hands-on take-home labs &#x2013; Intro. to EM. Microwave Eng I, and Intro. to ECE (freshman circuits). Finally, we will report on an undergraduate research project on what students want in post-Covid education.
HDR and WCG Image Quality Assessment Using Color Difference Metrics (2020)

High dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut (WCG) imagery is now mainstream across content creation. Thus, having a reliable way of evaluating HDR systems is essential. One common way of measuring the quality of an HDR system is measuring the color errors introduced along the imaging pipeline. Unfortunately, development of color difference metrics has been based on test patches, as opposed to natural imagery, with evaluation mostly limited to standard dynamic range (SDR) databases. In this paper, we evaluate several color difference metrics on five publicly available HDR distortion databases consisting of natural images and subjective scores. Distortion types include lower frequency distortions such as those from tone mapping as well as higher-frequency distortions resulting from compression artifacts by the various compression schemes such as Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG). We analyze these databases with the well-established CIE <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{L}^\star \text{a}^\star \text{b}^\star $ </tex-math></inline-formula> metrics ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta E_{00}, \Delta E_{94}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) as well as two HDR-specific metrics: <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta E_{z} (j_{z}a_{z}b_{z})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta E_{ITP} (IC_{T}C_{P})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . To quantify the performance, we use four standard performance evaluation procedures. We observe that <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta E_{ITP}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> outperforms the other color difference metrics on four out of five databases. We also perform statistical analysis, which demonstrates the effectiveness of using <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta E_{ITP}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to assess the overall image quality of HDR/WCG content. Weaknesses of all metrics for one database suggest that more advanced spatio-chromatic visual models are worth pursuing.
Fully electronic method for quantifying the post-release gap-height uncertainty of capacitive RF MEMS switches (2009)

In this paper we present an electronic method for extracting the post-release gap-height uncertainty of RF MEMS switches. The heart of the method is based on accurately measuring the capacitance difference between the switch on and off states. After presenting the methodology we compare its results to optical images of fabricated MEMS switches and observe a close agreement. This methodology is very promising in rapidly and accurately measuring the post-release gap-height of MEMS switches at the wafer scale. It can also be used to continually monitor the gap height through the switch's lifetime.
Desulfurization of JP-8 jet fuel: challenges and adsorptive materials (2018)

The desulfurization of JP-8 (Jet Propellant 8) fuel is of interest to the U.S. military because of its potential use as a fuel source for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). SOFCs can be used to supply a steady stream of power during military silent watch missions. Adsorptive desulfurization is a promising alternative to hydrodesulfurization, which is unable to remove refractory sulfur compounds and achieve the ultra-low sulfur levels necessary to prevent poisoning of SOFCs. Adsorptive desulfurization could be a portable, on-site process performed on JP-8 stocks already in the field. Within the vast field of fuel processing/reformation, herein we focus on the current status of adsorptive desulfurization performed on JP-8 jet fuel. Currently, the best performing sorbents are those utilizing high surface area porous frameworks with pore sizes large enough to accommodate sulfur contaminants. Additionally, a variety of metals in ionic, metallic, and oxide form serve as promising active sites within these sorbents. Most reports focus on reformation technologies and sorbent materials for gas-phase desulfurization and hydrogen purification of low-sulfur content diesel or light fraction jet fuel. JP-8 is unique to the Army in terms of supply. This review will thus focus on ongoing efforts in the room temperature liquid desulfurization of JP-8 and its higher levels of impurities that are more complex and difficult to remove.
Semiquantitative fast flow velocity measurements using catheter coils with a limited sensitivity profile (2004)

Flow measurements can be used to quantify blood flow during MR-guided intravascular interventional procedures. In this study, a fast flow measurement technique is proposed that quantifies flow velocities in the vicinity of a small RF coil attached to an intravascular catheter. Since the small RF coil receives signal from only a limited volume around the catheter, a spatially nonselective signal reception is employed. To enhance signal from flowing blood, and suppress unwanted signal contributions from static material, a slice-selective RF excitation is used. At a velocity sensitivity of 150 cm/s, a temporal resolution of 2 x TR = 10.2 ms can be achieved. The flow measurement is combined with an automatic slice positioning to facilitate measurements during interventional procedures. The influence of the catheter position in the blood vessel on the velocity measurement was analyzed in simulations. For blood vessels with laminar flow, the simulation showed a systematic deviation between catheter measurement and true flow between -15% and 80%. In four animal experiments, the catheter velocity measurement was compared with results from a conventional ECG-triggered 2D phase-contrast (PC) technique. The shapes of the velocity time curves in the abdominal aorta were nearly identical to the conventional measurements. A relative scaling factor of 0.69-1.19 was found between the catheter velocity measurement and the reference measurement, which could be partly explained by the simulation results.
Supplementary Figure Legends from <i>HIST1H2BB</i> and <i>MAGI2</i> Methylation and Somatic Mutations as Precision Medicine Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of High-grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends for Supplementary Figures 1-4&lt;/p&gt;
When less is more powerful: Shapley value attributed ablation with augmented learning for practical time series sensor data classification (2022)

Time series sensor data classification tasks often suffer from training data scarcity issue due to the expenses associated with the expert-intervened annotation efforts. For example, Electrocardiogram (ECG) data classification for cardio-vascular disease (CVD) detection requires expensive labeling procedures with the help of cardiologists. Current state-of-the-art algorithms like deep learning models have shown outstanding performance under the general requirement of availability of large set of training examples. In this paper, we propose Shapley Attributed Ablation with Augmented Learning: ShapAAL, which demonstrates that deep learning algorithm with suitably selected subset of the seen examples or ablating the unimportant ones from the given limited training dataset can ensure consistently better classification performance under augmented training. In ShapAAL, additive perturbed training augments the input space to compensate the scarcity in training examples using Residual Network (ResNet) architecture through perturbation-induced inputs, while Shapley attribution seeks the subset from the augmented training space for better learnability with the goal of better general predictive performance, thanks to the "efficiency" and "null player" axioms of transferable utility games upon which Shapley value game is formulated. In ShapAAL, the subset of training examples that contribute positively to a supervised learning setup is derived from the notion of coalition games using Shapley values associated with each of the given inputs' contribution into the model prediction. ShapAAL is a novel push-pull deep architecture where the subset selection through Shapley value attribution pushes the model to lower dimension while augmented training augments the learning capability of the model over unseen data. We perform ablation study to provide the empirical evidence of our claim and we show that proposed ShapAAL method consistently outperforms the current baselines and state-of-the-art algorithms for time series sensor data classification tasks from publicly available UCR time series archive that includes different practical important problems like detection of CVDs from ECG data.
Cell Cycle Arrest of Stamen Initials in Maize Sex Determination (2007)

The maize sex determination pathway results in the arrest of stamen in ear spikelets and the abortion of pistils in both the tassel spikelets and in the secondary florets of ear spikelets. Arrested stamen cells showed no signs of DNA fragmentation, an absence of CYCLIN B expression, and an accumulation of the negative cell cycle regulator WEE1 RNA.
Ultra Fast Optical Sectioning: Signal preserving filtering and surface reconstruction (2011)

In 3D surface scanning it is desirable to lter away bad data without altering the quality of the remaining good data. Filtering of raw scanner data before surface reconstruction can minimize the induced er- ror and improve on the probability of reconstructing the true surface. If outliers consist of actual data such as hair, and not just evenly dis- tributed noise, these outliers tend to err smoothing algorithms away from the wanted result. We present a novel algorithm based on a Markov Ran- dom Field that uses a distance constraint to robustly classify a 3D scan volume. Through this classication a signal preserving ltering of the data set is done. The remaining data are used for a smooth surface re- construction creating very plausible surfaces. The data used in our work comes from a newly developed hand held 3D scanner. The scanner is an Ultra Fast Optical Sectioning scanner, which is able to extract high quality 3D surface points from 2D images recorded at over 3000 fps. The scanner has been developed for digital impression taking in the dental area. Our work relates to future in-ear scanning for tting custom hearing aids without impression taking.
Synthetic Retinoid Seletinoid G Improves Skin Barrier Function through Wound Healing and Collagen Realignment in Human Skin Equivalents (2020)

The outer epidermal skin is a primary barrier that protects the body from extrinsic factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, chemicals and pollutants. The complete epithelialization of a wound by keratinocytes is essential for restoring the barrier function of the skin. However, age-related alterations predispose the elderly to impaired wound healing. Therefore, wound-healing efficacy could be also considered as a potent function of an anti-aging reagent. Here, we examine the epidermal wound-healing efficacy of the fourth-generation retinoid, seletinoid G, using HaCaT keratinocytes and skin tissues. We found that seletinoid G promoted the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes in scratch assays and time-lapse imaging. It also increased the gene expression levels of several keratinocyte proliferation-regulating factors. In human skin equivalents, seletinoid G accelerated epidermal wound closure, as assessed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Moreover, second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging revealed that seletinoid G recovered the reduced dermal collagen deposition seen in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated human skin equivalents. Taken together, these results indicate that seletinoid G protects the skin barrier by accelerating wound healing in the epidermis and by repairing collagen deficiency in the dermis. Thus, seletinoid G could be a potent anti-aging agent for protecting the skin barrier.
Preclinical assessment of early tumor response after irradiation by positron emission tomography with 2-amino-[3-11C]isobutyric acid (2015)

The positron emission tomography (PET) probe, 2-amino-[3-¹¹C]isobutyric acid ([3-¹¹C]AIB), is reported to accumulate less in inflammatory lesions than 2-deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-D-glucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) and has the potential for evaluation of the efficacy of radiotherapy. To determine whether [3-¹¹C]AIB is useful to monitor early metabolic change in tumors after radiotherapy, we evaluated the temporal change in [3-¹¹C]AIB tumor uptake, tumor volume, histological features and expression of amino acid transporters early after radiotherapy in a mouse tumor model. PET with [3-¹¹C]AIB was conducted in mice bearing a subcutaneous tumor (SY, derived from small cell lung cancer) in two schedules: schedule 1, before (day -1) and after (days 1 and 3) 15 Gy of radiation and schedule 2, days -1, 1 and 5. [3-¹¹C]AIB tumor uptake tended to increase on day 1 after irradiation and decreased thereafter. Tumor uptake was not correlated with tumor volume in schedule 1. Although tumor uptake was correlated with tumor volume in schedule 2, this correlation was lost when the day 5 data of greatly reduced tumor volumes were excluded. In a separate group of tumor-bearing mice, excised tumor sections were stained with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) or anti-Ki-67 antibody. There was no correlation between tumor uptake and percentages of TUNEL- or Ki-67-positive cells. Expression of amino acid transporters, SLC38A1, SLC38A2 and SLC38A4, was determined by real-time RT-PCR. SLC38A1 and SLC38A2 were expressed in SY tumors, and a significant correlation was observed between [3-¹¹C]AIB tumor uptake and SLC38A1 expression. In conclusion, early change in [3-¹¹C]AIB tumor uptake after irradiation reflected the temporal change in amino acid transporter expression, while it was independent of change in tumor volume, apoptosis and cell proliferation. PET with [3-¹¹C]AIB has the potential for use in non-invasive evaluation of early metabolic change after irradiation before morphological change of tumors.