gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative phase-contrast by using a modified phase retrieval algorithm (2021)

Spatial-filtering-based quantitative phase imaging of transparent objects is demonstrated. By combining a standard phase contrast microscopy technique with an optical-system-mimicking Gerchberg-Saxton phase retrieval algorithm, we successfully transformed a qualitative phase map into an accurate quantitative phase distribution of the examined object. Feeding a phase-induced intensity image into the modified phase retrieval algorithm is found to facilitate the convergence and ambiguities issues associated with the standard algorithms. Accurate phase recovery for two different kinds of objects supports the use of the suggested method as a single-shot quantitative phase contrast microscope.
Deep Reflectance Fields High-Quality Facial Reflectance Field Inference from Color Gradient Illumination (2019)

We present a novel technique to relight images of human faces by learning a model of facial reflectance from a database of 4D reflectance field data of several subjects in a variety of expressions and viewpoints. Using our learned model, a face can be relit in arbitrary illumination environments using only two original images recorded under spherical color gradient illumination. The output of our deep network indicates that the color gradient images contain the information needed to estimate the full 4D reflectance field, including specular reflections and high frequency details. While capturing spherical color gradient illumination still requires a special lighting setup, reduction to just two illumination conditions allows the technique to be applied to dynamic facial performance capture. We show side-by-side comparisons which demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques in both realism and speed.
Unidirectional vs. simultaneous bidirectional source synchronous signaling (2003)

This paper describes a case study of electrical design optimization methodology for a high-speed point-to-point source-synchronous differential simultaneous bidirectional (SiBiDi) and unidirectional interface. Strengths and weaknesses of each signaling approach are explored and tradeoffs to optimize both are described. These physical links are typically used to interconnect multiple processor subsystems to build symmetric multi-processor (SMP) systems, as well as to connect input/output (I/O) subsystems across relative long distance.
CCL1-CCR8 interactions: an axis mediating the recruitment of T cells and Langerhans-type dendritic cells to cites of atopic skin inflammation (2005)

Michael Gombert, Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean, Franziska Winterberg, Erich Bünemann, Robert C. Kubitza, Ludivine Da Cunha, Anna Haahtela, Sari Lehtimäki, Anja Müller, Juliane Rieker, Stephan Meller, Andor Pivarcsi, Andrea Koreck, Wolf-Herman Fridman, Hans-Walter Zentgraf, Hermann Pavenstädt, Ali
New Member of the V1V2-Directed CAP256-VRC26 Lineage That Shows Increased Breadth and Exceptional Potency (2015)

Studies of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) provide valuable information for vaccine design, and the most potent and broadly reactive of these bNAbs have potential for clinical use. We previously described a family of V1V2-directed neutralizing antibodies from an HIV-1 clade C-infected donor. Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of new members of the family mostly obtained at time points of peak serum neutralization breadth and potency. One of the new antibodies, CAP256-VRC26.25, displayed a 10-fold greater neutralization potency than previously described lineage members. It neutralized 57% of diverse clade viral isolates and 70% of clade C isolates with remarkable potency: the median 50% inhibitory concentration was 0.001 μg/ml. Our results highlight the ongoing evolution within a single antibody lineage and describe more potent and broadly neutralizing members with potential clinical utility, particularly in areas where clade C is prevalent.
The Roles of Telomerase in the Generation of Polyploidy during Neoplastic Cell Growth (2013)

Polyploidy contributes to extensive intratumor genomic heterogeneity that characterizes advanced malignancies and is thought to limit the efficiency of current cancer therapies. It has been shown that telomere deprotection in p53-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts leads to high rates of polyploidization. We now show that tumor genome evolution through whole-genome duplication occurs in ∼15% of the karyotyped human neoplasms and correlates with disease progression. In a panel of human cancer and transformed cell lines representing the two known types of genomic instability (chromosomal and microsatellite), as well as the two known pathways of telomere maintenance in cancer (telomerase activity and alternative lengthening of telomeres), telomere dysfunction-driven polyploidization occurred independently of the mutational status of p53. Depending on the preexisting context of telomere maintenance, telomerase activity and its major components, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and human telomerase RNA component (hTERC), exert both reverse transcriptase-related (canonical) and noncanonical functions to affect tumor genome evolution through suppression or induction of polyploidization. These new findings provide a more complete mechanistic understanding of cancer progression that may, in the future, lead to novel therapeutic interventions.
Low Phase Noise 250 MHz Repetition Rate Fiber fs Laser for Frequency Comb Applications (2007)

Er <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> -doped fiber-lasers efficiently generate frequency-combs for optical frequency metrology. We have for the first time resolved the two main concerns against fiber lasers vs the well established Ti:Sa technology by increasing the repetition rate to 250 MHz and decreasing the carrier envelope offset phase noise well below 1 rad.
Generating Configurable Hardware from Parallel Patterns (2015)

In recent years the computing landscape has seen an in- creasing shift towards specialized accelerators. Field pro- grammable gate arrays (FPGAs) are particularly promising as they offer significant performance and energy improvements compared to CPUs for a wide class of applications and are far more flexible than fixed-function ASICs. However, FPGAs are difficult to program. Traditional programming models for reconfigurable logic use low-level hardware description languages like Verilog and VHDL, which have none of the pro- ductivity features of modern software development languages but produce very efficient designs, and low-level software lan- guages like C and OpenCL coupled with high-level synthesis (HLS) tools that typically produce designs that are far less efficient. Functional languages with parallel patterns are a better fit for hardware generation because they both provide high-level abstractions to programmers with little experience in hard- ware design and avoid many of the problems faced when gen- erating hardware from imperative languages. In this paper, we identify two optimizations that are important when using par- allel patterns to generate hardware: tiling and metapipelining. We present a general representation of tiled parallel patterns, and provide rules for automatically tiling patterns and gen- erating metapipelines. We demonstrate experimentally that these optimizations result in speedups up to 40x on a set of benchmarks from the data analytics domain.
Sensing Power MOSFET Junction Temperature Using Circuit Output Current Ringing Decay (2014)

Junction temperature (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> ) sensing requirements for fast MOSFET junction temperature control and high-power fast switching power converter protection are not easily met with nonintrusive techniques. This paper presents a noninvasive circuit-model-based sensing method suitable for a high-bandwidth hard-switching converter power MOSFET junction temperature estimation without any additional temperature detector. For the purpose of demonstrating MOSFET junction temperature sensing, a chopper circuit is used. The ringing superimposed with a circuit load current is used for MOSFET junction temperature estimation. A “gate drive-R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS-on</sub> -L-C” resonant model is implemented, indicating the mechanism of power MOSFET turn-on dynamics. Modeling includes the gate-drive output parasitics, power MOSFET intrinsic parameters, PCB parasitics, and load parasitics. To evaluate the methodology, LTspice simulation and experimental results are studied.
SR1, a Mouse Odorant Receptor with an Unusually Broad Response Profile (2009)

The current consensus model in mammalian olfaction is that the detection of millions of odorants requires a large number of odorant receptors (ORs) and that each OR interacts selectively with a small subset of odorants, which are typically related in structure. Here, we report the odorant response properties of an OR that deviates from this model: SR1, a mouse OR that is abundantly expressed in sensory neurons of the septal organ and also of the main olfactory epithelium. Patch-clamp recordings reveal that olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that express SR1 respond to many, structurally unrelated odorants, and over a wide concentration range. Most OSNs expressing a gene-targeted SR1 locus that lacks the SR1 coding sequence do not show this broad responsiveness. Gene transfer in the heterologous expression system Hana3A confirms the broad response profile of SR1. There may be other mouse ORs with such broad response profiles.
Design of highly efficient, high output power, L-band class D<sup>-1</sup> RF power amplifiers using GaN MESFET devices (2007)

In this article, two class D amplifiers is presented, both implemented with GaN MESFETs and working around 900 MHz, delivering 20.7/51.1 W output power with 75/78 % peak drain-efficiency. A simple nonlinear model optimized for switched mode operation is developed from basic device data, and is used to predict intrinsic current and voltage waveforms during the design process. In general, very good agreement between modeled and simulated data is obtained considering the limited amount of parasitic parameters covered by the device model.
Software design prototyping using Ada (1983)

article Free Access Share on Software design prototyping using Ada Authors: Michael W. Masters System Evaluation and Control Branch, Dahlgren, Virginia System Evaluation and Control Branch, Dahlgren, VirginiaView Profile , Michael J. Kuchinski System Evaluation and Control Branch, Dahlgren, Virginia System Evaluation and Control Branch, Dahlgren, VirginiaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGAda Ada LettersVolume IIIssue 4January/February 1983 pp 68–75https://doi.org/10.1145/989833.989835Online:01 January 1983Publication History 1citation107DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads107Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Data-Driven Modelling and Control for Robot Needle Insertion in Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (2022)

Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) is a technique for cornea transplantation which is associated with reduced patient morbidity. DALK has been explored as a potential application of robot microsurgery because the small scales, fine control requirements, and difficulty of visualization make it very challenging for human surgeons to perform. We address the problem of modelling the small scale interactions between the surgical tool and the cornea tissue to improve the accuracy of needle insertion, since accurate placement within 5% of target depth has been associated with more reliable clinical outcomes. We develop a data-driven autoregressive dynamic model of the tool-tissue interaction and a model predictive controller to guide robot needle insertion. In an <i>ex vivo</i> model, our controller significantly improves the accuracy of needle positioning by more than 40% compared to prior methods.
Resist Technology For Submicrometer Optical Lithography (1987)

This paper reviews the impact of advances in photoresists and processing on submicrometer imaging using optical lithography. Among the topics discussed for the extension of single-layer resists into the submicrometer regime are the use of dyes, the development of materials for the deep-UV region, image reversal, and contrast-enhancement layers. Approaches to dealing with substrate topographical effects, such as multilayer resists and antireflection coatings, are reviewed. Future directions to extend optical lithography further and address current problems are discussed.
Abstract 455: FGF23-induced Cardiac Hypertrophy is Reversible (2016)

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common feature of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and affects up to 90% of patients by the time they reach dialysis. Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 continuously rise as patients progress to renal failure. We have previously shown that FGF23 can activate FGF receptor (FGFR) 4 and the PLCgamma/calcineurin/NFAT signaling cascade in cardiac myocytes and induce hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. Administration of an isoform-specific FGFR4 blocking antibody in the 5/6 nephrectomy rat model of CKD immediately after surgery protects rats from developing LVH, and delivery of a pan-FGFR blocker in CKD rats two weeks after surgery reverses LVH. To further study the reversibility of cardiac FGF23 effects, we elevated serum FGF23 levels in mice by administration of a high phosphate (2%) diet for three months. Animals developed LVH, as evident by significantly increased LV wall thickness and myocyte cross sectional area. When mice were switch from high phosphate to normal chow, the LVH phenotype resolved and cardiac parameters were comparable to those of mice that constantly received a normal diet. Furthermore, isolated cardiac myocytes recovered within 24 hours from FGF23-induced hypertrophy upon removal of FGF23. Finally, the FGFR4 blocking antibody was capable of reversing FGF23-induced hypertrophy in vitro. Our data indicate that FGF23-induced LVH is reversible and treatable. Interfering with FGF23/FGFR4 signaling in the heart might provide a novel therapeutic strategy to tackle cardiac injury in CKD. We propose that progression and reversibility of cardiac injury might depend on the duration of cardiac FGF23/FGFR4 activation.
Comparative Analysis of Different Methodologies to Calculate Lambda (λ) Based on Extensive And systemic Experimentation on a Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (2023)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-ICEs) are subject to increased attention thanks to their extremely low criteria pollutant emission and near-zero CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; tailpipe emissions. However, to further minimize exhaust emissions and increase the efficiency of a H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-ICE, it is important to carefully control the relative air-fuel ratio of operation, i.e. Lambda (λ), which will lead in turn to an optimal combustion process. The precise λ control mainly relies upon the methodology to calculate λ on board of the engine, where the availability of reliable sensors specifically-developed for hydrogen combustion is currently limited. In this article, a comparative analysis of different methodologies for the calculation of λ is performed, comparing four methodologies: exhaust gas analysis through a Spindt-Brettschneider approach (λ&lt;sub&gt;EMI&lt;/sub&gt;), raw Universal Exhaust Gas Oxygen (λ&lt;sub&gt;R-UEGO&lt;/sub&gt;), processed Universal Exhaust Gas Oxygen (λ&lt;sub&gt;P-UEGO&lt;/sub&gt;) and speed-density (λ&lt;sub&gt;SD&lt;/sub&gt;) outputs. The experimental data used to compare the four methodologies were acquired through detailed and systematic experimentation on a fully-instrumented single-cylinder H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-ICE. Results show that the λ&lt;sub&gt;P-UEGO&lt;/sub&gt; is the closest one to the reference Spindt-Brettschneider analysis λ&lt;sub&gt;EMI&lt;/sub&gt; and the most robust to ample variations in the nominal λ values. The sensor’s raw UEGO output λ&lt;sub&gt;R-UEGO&lt;/sub&gt; is instead affected by the sensor calibration which is usually performed across a range of carbon-based fuels, a procedure that introduces a bias. The results can be used for the selection of the correct methodology to calculate λ in a H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-ICE and to choose optimal sensors for mobile applications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Spin Immunoassays (1988)

Spin immunoassay (SIA) has never been a popular technique, compared with either radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using a stable free radical, or spin label, as a marker, SIA enables the simultaneous measurement of ‘bound’ and ‘free’ components of the immunoassay system. Furthermore, it is theoretically possible to carry out double-label experiments by using nitroxide spin labels containing 14N and 15N. Other advantages include lack of background, rapidity and small sample volume (< 10 µl). These benefits are offset, however, by a relatively low sensitivity. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometers can detect a minimum of 1013 spin labels without resorting to time-consuming signal averaging to improve the instrumental signal-to-noise ratio. This figure corresponds to approximately 10−10 M, or 100-fold less sensitivity than the best RIA or ELISA methods. Nevertheless, this sensitivity has been adequate to enable SIA to be used to test for a range of drugs, drug metabolites and some low molecular weight hormones in various body fluids. A modification of SIA, spin membrane immunoassay (SMIA), is significantly more sensitive, but it has mainly been used as a research tool to explore complement-dependent lysis of lipid bilayer membranes.
Dare to Compare (2014)

Expertise and skill assessments are a common aspect of working in an enterprise, but manual assessments are onerous and quickly outdated. Automated assessments can alleviate these problems, albeit at the risk of being inaccurate. In this short paper, we focus on the problem of how to design an engaging learning system in the presence of potentially inaccurate automated expertise assessments; especially when the users are in their early stage of using the system. We explore two dimensions associated with reporting automated expertise assessments to users: i) the inclusion of a social comparison, and ii) the precision of how expertise scores are presented. In a controlled experiment (N=60), we examined the impact of these dimensions on the perceived accuracy of the assessments, the perceived utility of the system, and peoples' willingness to share expertise scores within the enterprise.
Where's the Chemistry in Science Museums? (1996)

In 1990 the ASTC mailed out 600 questionnaires to 185 North American institutions, inquiring about museum activities in chemistry. The survey found that about 28 percent of the science museums reported no chemistry activities and that less than one third of the science museums offered chemistry exhibits.
Across-resolution adaptive dictionary learning for single-image super-resolution (2013)

This paper proposes a novel adaptive dictionary learning approach for a single-image super-resolution based on a sparse representation. The adaptive dictionary learning approach of the sparse representation is very powerful, for image restoration such as image denoising. The existing adaptive dictionary learning requires training image patches which have the same resolution as the output image. Because of this requirement, the adaptive dictionary learning for the single-image super-resolution is not trivial, since the resolution of the input low-resolution image which can be used for the adaptive dictionary learning is essentially different from that of the output high- resolution image. It is known that natural images have high across-resolution patch redundancy which means that we can find similar patches within different resolution images. Our experimental comparisons demonstrate that the proposed across-resolution adaptive dictionary learning approach outperforms state-of-the-art single-image super-resolutions.
Investigations into the synthesis of a nucleotide dimer via mechanochemical phosphoramidite chemistry (2021)

Liquid-assisted mechanochemistry as a versatile approach for the coupling of a nucleoside phosphoramidite with a 5'-OH partially protected nucleoside has been investigated. Noted advantages over reported methods were a simplified reaction protocol, a drastic reduction in the use of toxic solvents, the facilitation of mechanochemical reactions through the improved mixing of solid reagents, and low hydrolytic product formation.
Molecular insight into the Mullins effect: irreversible disentanglement of polymer chains revealed by molecular dynamics simulations (2017)

The debate regarding the possible molecular origins of the Mullins effect has been ongoing since its discovery. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the Mullins effect. For the first time, the key characteristics associated with the Mullins effect, including (a) the majority of stress softening occurring in the first stretch, (b) continuous softening with stress increase, (c) a permanent set, and (d) recovery with heat treatment, are captured by molecular modeling. It is discovered that the irreversible disentanglement of polymer chains is physically sufficient to interpret these key characteristics, providing molecular evidence for this long-controversial issue. Our results also reveal that filled polymers exhibit three distinct regimes, i.e., the polymer matrix, the interface, and the filler. When subjected to external strain, the polymer matrix suffers from excess deformation, indicating strong heterogeneity within the filled polymer, which offers molecular insight for the formulation of physics-based constitutive relations for filled polymers.
Migration of an Elastic Capsule in a Channel Flow (2011)

The inertial migration of a two-dimensional elastic capsule in a channel flow was studied over the Reynolds number range 1≤Re≤100. The lateral migration velocity, slip velocity, and the deformation and inclination angle of the capsule were investigated by varying the lateral position, Reynolds number, capsule-to-channel size ratio (λ), membrane stretching coefficient (φ), and membrane bending coefficient (γ). During the initial transient motion, the lateral migration velocity increased with increasing Re and λ, but decreased with increases in φ, γ an the lateral distance from the wall. The initial behavior of the capsule was influenced by variation in the initial lateral position (y0), but the equilibrium position of the capsule was not affected by such variation. The balance between the wall effect and the shear gradient effect determined the equilibrium position. As Re increased, the equilibrium position initially shifted closer to the wall and then moved towards the channel center. A peak in the equilibrium position was observed near Re = 30 for λ = 0.1, and the peak shifted to higher Re as λ increased. Depending on the lateral migration velocity, the equilibrium position moved toward the centerline for larger λ, but moved toward the wall for larger φ and γ.