gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kernel Machine Classification Using Universal Embeddings (2015)

Summary form only given. Visual inference over a transmission channel is increasingly becoming an important problem in a variety of applications. In such applications, low latency and bit-rate consumption are often critical performance metrics, making data compression necessary. In this paper, we examine feature compression for support vector machine (SVM)-based inference using quantized randomized embeddings. We demonstrate that embedding the features is equivalent to using the SVM kernel trick with a mapping to a lower dimensional space. Furthermore, we show that universal embeddings - a recently proposed quantized embedding design - approximate a radial basis function (RBF) kernel, commonly used for kernel-based inference. Our experimental results demonstrate that quantized embeddings achieve 50% rate reduction, while maintaining the same inference performance. Moreover, universal embeddings achieve a further reduction in bit-rate over conventional quantized embedding methods, validating the theoretical predictions.
Computer calculation of neutral–radical densities in a CF4 electron cyclotron resonance plasma processing system (1993)

The steady-state densities of neutral–radical species in a CF4 electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) plasma were calculated based on the following drift-diffusion equation: Kni(r,t)/∂t=−ℏ⋅(uin)+Di∇2ni+ ∑jnkijnj +∑j,mnjkijmnm− ni(∑jnekji +∑j,mkj imnm), where ni is the density, ui is the drift velocity, and Di is the diffusion coefficient of species i, and ne is the electron density, and k’s are the chemical rate coefficients. The above equation was solved in cylindrical coordinates using finite differences assuming symmetry in the azimuthal direction. The densities of the radical species were obtained for pressures between 1.0 and 2.5 mTorr in increments of 0.5 mTorr and the ECR power in a range between 500 and 900 W. The chemical rate coefficients were calculated directly from the convolution of electron-impact cross sections with the electron energy distribution function, and experimental plasma parameters, otherwise the best available chemical reaction rates were taken from the literature. Diffusion coefficients were calculated from the Lennard–Jones parameters of intermolecular potential. The boundary conditions at the walls were based on available heterogeneous reactions and sticking coefficients. The electron densities entered the drift-diffusion equation directly. Results for the chemically dominant radical species such as F, CF3, and CF2 were obtained and compared with experimental measurements. The absolute magnitudes of the radical densities as predicted by the code are within an order of magnitude of the experimental measurements and in almost all cases follow the same trends as parameters are varied.
Effect of DG modeling and controllers on the transient stability of micro-grids in EMT simulation (2015)

Modeling of distributed generation and associated controllers have a considerable influence on the results of transient stability analysis. Synchronous generators and induction generators are two common types of generators which are used for distributed generation, for example in micro-turbines and wind turbines. In this paper, the effect of detail of modeling of synchronous generators on the transient stability is studied by consideration of five different models of synchronous generators. Also, the effect of controller on the transient stability is examined for an induction generator.
T Cell–Independent Mechanisms Associated with Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Selective Autophagy in IL-17A–Mediated Epidermal Hyperplasia (2016)

IL-17A has been strongly associated with epidermal hyperplasia in many cutaneous disorders. However, because IL-17A is mainly produced by αβ and γδT cells in response to IL-23, the role of T cells and IL-23 has overshadowed any IL-17A-independent actions. In this article, we report that IL-17A gene transfer induces epidermal hyperplasia in Il23r<sup>-/-</sup>Rag1<sup>-/-</sup>- and Tcrδ-deficient mice, which can be prevented by neutrophil depletion. Moreover, adoptive transfer of CD11b<sup>+</sup>Gr-1<sup>hi</sup> cells, after IL-17A gene transfer, was sufficient to phenocopy the disease. We further show that the IL-17A-induced pathology was prevented in transgenic mice with impaired neutrophil extracellular trap formation and/or neutrophils with conditional deletion of the master regulator of selective autophagy, Wdfy3. Our data demonstrate a novel T cell-independent mechanism that is associated with neutrophil extracellular trap formation and selective autophagy in IL-17A-mediated epidermal hyperplasia.
Lipophilic Prodrugs and the Promotion of Intestinal Lymphatic Drug Transport (2019)

Prodrugs are molecules that must undergo biotransformation prior to exhibiting their therapeutic effects. First defined by Adrian Albert, but practiced earlier, prodrug approaches to modified drug delivery have principally been used to overcome various shortcomings of therapeutic agents having some barrier to their optimal usefulness. The transport of a lipophilic compound in lymph in association with chylomicrons requires not only that the drug/prodrug have an affinity for the chylomicron relative to the aqueous fraction of lymph, but it must have the capacity to “dissolve” in that phase. The esters were administered in either oleic acid or other lipophilic solvents. The chapter aims to review the available data pertaining to the manipulation of small molecule delivery to the lymph. It focuses on delivery to the intestinal lymphatics after oral drug/prodrug administration because of the greater interest in oral drug delivery compared to parenteral routes of administration.
Amorphous Gadolinium Aluminate as a Dielectric and Sulfur for Indium Phosphide Passivation (2019)

The passivation of n-type InP (100) using sulfur in combination with a gadolinium aluminate (GAO) dielectric layer has been studied. Photoluminescence, minority-carrier lifetime, and capacitance–voltage measurements indicate that a (NH4)2S vapor passivation step prior to atomic layer deposition of the oxide effectively lowers the interface state density. Surface and interface chemistry were studied by synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy (SRPES). The effect of ex situ surface passivation after native oxide removal in HCl solution was examined. It was observed that surface reoxidation occurred during (NH4)2S vapor exposure, leading to the formation of Inx(HPO4)y. S was present on the surface as a sulfide in both surface and subsurface sites. After atomic layer deposition of GAO, sulfates were detected in addition to Inx(HPO4)y, which was confirmed by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. The S in the stack was quantified using reference-free grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis. X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that Gd was oxidized and present in the 3+ oxidation state, most likely as a phosphate close to the InP interface and possibly mixed with sulfates. Energy-dependent SRPES measurements of Al 2p and Gd 4d core levels, complemented by transmission electron microscopy, further suggest that the dielectric layer was segregated. Valence band measurements confirm the effective passivation of InP, indicating unpinning of the surface Fermi level.
Exploring venue-based city-to-city similarity measures (2013)

In this work we explore the use of incidentally generated social network data for the folksonomic characterization of cities by the types of amenities located within them. Using data collected about venue categories in various cities, we examine the effect of different granularities of spatial aggregation and data normalization when representing a city as a collection of its venues. We introduce three vector-based representations of a city, where aggregations of the venue categories are done within a grid structure, within the city's municipal neighborhoods, and across the city as a whole. We apply our methods to a novel dataset consisting of Foursquare venue data from 17 cities across the United States, totaling over 1 million venues. Our preliminary investigation demonstrates that different assumptions in the urban perception could lead to qualitative, yet distinctive, variations in the induced city description and categorization.
13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Older Children and Adolescents Either Previously Immunized With or Naïve to 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (2013)

PCV13 was immunogenic and safe when administered to older children and adolescents, regardless of prior PCV7 vaccination.
The nature of hydrogen in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: General patterns from hydroxides to hydrogen bonding (1996)

Important progressive alterations in chemical bonding are often realized through correlations with shifts in the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) binding energies of key elements. For example, there are useful general XPS shifting schemes for such systems as oxides, nitrides, halides, and even various functional groups in organics. Very general patterns, based upon location in the periodic table, exist for many of these materials even when the structure is not strongly considered. Unfortunately, apparently because of the lack of direct XPS detection of hydrogen, there seems to be no general statements in the literature for describing hydrogen-containing compounds, despite the fact that synergistic shifts obviously exist in the XPS spectra of elements attached to hydrogen (e.g., for M–O–H vs M–O–M units, where M is a typical metal). While not attempting a complete review paper, in the present work we use XPS shifting patterns to evolve a series of interrelated covalency/ionicity arguments to help explain the progressive, periodic changes in XPS peak locations for such common cases as M–O–H- and M–N–H-containing systems. These arguments are followed by consideration of the less dramatic XPS shifting patterns exhibited by metal and metalloid hydrides, including organic bonding. The formalism concludes with a discussion of hydrogen bonding detected by XPS. After a select review of the infrequent use made by others to attribute XPS peak shifts to hydrogen bonding, we consider in some detail two cases recently published by members of our group. One case involves the formation of –N–H–N– bonds in proton sponge organic systems, while the other uses XPS to examine the formation of surface oriented –O–H–––O– bonds in the adsorption of peptides on oxidized metals. In the present article, the XPS patterns for these two seemingly divergent cases are explained by closely related arguments that may have far reaching generalities.
Ultrafast nonlinear optical tuning of photonic crystal cavities (2007)

The authors demonstrate fast (up to 20GHz), low-power (60fJ, 3ps pulses) modulation of photonic crystal cavities in GaAs containing InAs quantum dots. Rapid modulation through blueshifting of the cavity resonance is achieved via free-carrier injection by an above-band picosecond laser pulse. Slow tuning by several linewidths due to laser-induced heating is also demonstrated.
Bulk silicon photonic wire for one-chip integrated optical interconnection (2010)

We report a nano-sized silicon waveguide by forming partial silicon-on-insulator structure with SPE on bulk silicon substrate. The propagation loss is as low as 6.1 dB/cm, which is close to that of silicon-on-insulator based waveguide.
Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of α-Dehydroamino Acids by Rhodium Complexes with New Unsymmetric P−Chirogenic Bisphosphine Ligands (2001)

[figure: see text] New rhodium catalysts with unsymmetric P-chirogenic bis(phosphino)ethanes, BisP*-Rh, exhibited very high enantioselectivity (98-99%) in the hydrogenation of alpha-dehydroamino acid derivatives. Such high enantioselectivity should result from the asymmetric environment around the Rh atom, as was shown in the molecular structure of the catalyst analyzed by X-rays. The asymmetry can be controlled by the combination of the alkyl groups on the two phosphorus atoms.
Vibration Immune, Long-Term Stable and Low Noise Synchronized Mass MEMS Gyroscope (2021)

The paper describes a small size (2.25 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active sensor area) yaw rate sensor component for ADIS1654x series Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) with notable performance parameters such as in-run bias instability of 0.55 °/hr stable over 3 months on Allan Deviation, g-sensitivity of 0.8 (°/hr)/g, bias repeatability of 50 °/hr in 10 years, and no observable startup drift from a cold-start. The current generation IMU offers improvement of bias improvement by 4x, g-sensitivity by 30x, and repeatability by 10x over previous generation ADI's IMU.
A colorimetric assay of pancreatic lipase: Rapid detection of lipase and colipase separated by gel filtration (1985)

A rapid assay for pancreatic lipase (E.C., glycerol-ester hydrolase 3.1.1.3) is described. The assay is based on the color change of a pH indicator as butyric acid is released from the substrate tributyrin. A mixture made with tributyrin and the water soluble components of the assay is ideally suited for use as a rapid test as, for example, when assaying chromatography fractions. Quantitative data can be obtained by measuring the disappearance of absorbance at 557 nm versus a blank reaction. The assay has been used in the rapid preparation of colipase-free lipase and colipase.
Evaluation of 3-dimensional left ventricular velocities with cardiac MR imaging using navigator gated high temporal resolution tissue phase mapping (2009)

Introduction: Prophylactic implantation of a cardioverter/ defibrillator (ICD) has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with chronic myocardial infarction (CMI) and an increased risk for life threatening ventricular arrhythmia (VA). The use of ICDs in this large patient population is still limited by high costs and possible adverse events including inappropriate discharges and progression of heart failure. VA is related to infarct size and seems to be related to infarct morphology. Contrast enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (ceCMR) can detect and quantify myocardial fibrosis in the setting of CMI and might therefore be a valuable tool for a more accurate risk stratification in this setting. Hypothesis: ceCMR can identify the subgroup developing VA in patients with prophylactic ICD implantation following MADIT criteria. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 52 patients (49 males, age 69 10 years) with CMI and clinical indication for ICD therapy following MADIT criteria. Prior to implantation (36 78 days) patients were investigated on a 1.5 T clinical scanner (Siemens Avanto , Germany) to assess left ventricular function (LVEF), LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and LV mass (sequence parameters: GRE SSFP, matrix 256 192, short axis stack; full LV coverage, no gap; slice thickness 6 mm). For quantitative assessment of infarct morphology late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was performed including measurement of total and relative infarct mass (related to LV mass) and the degree of transmurality (DT) as defined by the percentage of transmurality in each scar. (sequence parameters: inversion recovery gradient echo; matrix 256 148, imaging 10 min after 0.2 g/kg gadolinium DTPA; slice orientation equal to SSFP). MRI images were analysed using dedicated software (MASS , Medis, Netherlands). LGE was defined as myocardial areas with signal intensity above the average plus 5 SD of the remote myocardium. After implantation, patients were followed up including ICD readout after 3 and than every 6 months for a mean of 945 344 days. ICD data were evaluated by an experienced electrophysiologist. Primary endpoint was the occurrence of an appropriate discharge (DC), antitachycard pacing (ATP) or death from cardiac cause. Results: The endpoint occurred in 10 patients (3 DC, 6 ATP, 1 death). These patients had a higher relative infarct mass (28 7% vs. 22 11%, p = 0.03) as well as high degree of transmurality (64 22% vs. 44 25%, p = 0.05). Their LVEF (29 8% vs. 30 4%, p = 0.75), LV mass (148 29 g vs. 154 42 g, p = 0.60), LVEDV (270 133 ml vs. 275 83 ml, p = 0.90) or total infarct mass (43 19 g vs. 37 21 g, p = 0.43) were however not significant from the group with no events. In a cox proportional hazards regression model including LVEF, LVEDV, LV mass, DT and age, only degree of transmurality and relative infarct mass emerged as independent predictors of the primary end point (p = 0.009).
Exploit Multiple-Domain Sparseness for HSDPA Chip Level Equalization in SDR: Algorithm and DSP Implementation (2006)

Chip level equalization has been proved as one of the key enabling technologies for HSDPA (high speed downlink packet access) receiver. Although many complicated algorithms (Kalman, etc.) have been reported to have great performance, their complexity and irregularity make it difficult to have efficient parallel software implementation. Targeting processor based SDR (software defined radio) platform, our goal is to design a practical HSDPA chip level equalizer having implementation cost as low as NLMS but offering considerable performance improvement over NLMS. Our proposal is based on the observations of multiple domain sparseness in cellular channel. The first observation is that the channel input response (CIR) has only a few significant taps. Although previous work exploits this for complexity reduction, we utilize it to improve the BER instead. The second observation is that the channel dynamics is not always significant, based on which we propose a feedback-control based technique to make the equalizer aware of the variation of channel dynamics. In addition, the equalizer becomes scalable in terms of quality-cost. By exploiting both of the aforementioned sparseness, the proposed HSDPA chip equalizer can significantly lower the BER error floor introduced by channel dynamics, so that more than 5 dB SNR gain can be achieved with the same implementation cost (by scalability) as NLMS. The design is demonstrated on TI TMS320C6711
Mixed-Initiative Active Learning for Generating Linguistic Insights in Question Classification (2018)

We propose a mixed-initiative active learning system to tackle the challenge of building descriptive models for under-studied linguistic phenomena. Our particular use case is the linguistic analysis of question types, in particular in understanding what characterizes information-seeking vs. non-information-seeking questions (i.e., whether the speaker wants to elicit an answer from the hearer or not) and how automated methods can assist with the linguistic analysis. Our approach is motivated by the need for an effective and efficient human-in-the-loop process in natural language processing that relies on example-based learning and provides immediate feedback to the user. In addition to the concrete implementation of a question classification system, we describe general paradigms of explainable mixed-initiative learning, allowing for the user to access the patterns identified automatically by the system, rather than being confronted by a machine learning black box. Our user study demonstrates the capability of our system in providing deep linguistic insight into this particular analysis problem. The results of our evaluation are competitive with the current state-of-the-art.
Allometry and Ecology of the Bilaterian Gut Microbiome (2018)

Classical ecology provides principles for construction and function of biological communities, but to what extent these apply to the animal-associated microbiota is just beginning to be assessed. Here, we investigated the influence of several well-known ecological principles on animal-associated microbiota by characterizing gut microbial specimens from bilaterally symmetrical animals (<i>Bilateria</i>) ranging from flies to whales. A rigorously vetted sample set containing 265 specimens from 64 species was assembled. Bacterial lineages were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Previously published samples were also compared, allowing analysis of over 1,098 samples in total. A restricted number of bacterial phyla was found to account for the great majority of gut colonists. Gut microbial composition was associated with host phylogeny and diet. We identified numerous gut bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences that diverged deeply from previously studied taxa, identifying opportunities to discover new bacterial types. The number of bacterial lineages per gut sample was positively associated with animal mass, paralleling known species-area relationships from island biogeography and implicating body size as a determinant of community stability and niche complexity. Samples from larger animals harbored greater numbers of anaerobic communities, specifying a mechanism for generating more-complex microbial environments. Predictions for species/abundance relationships from models of neutral colonization did not match the data set, pointing to alternative mechanisms such as selection of specific colonists by environmental niche. Taken together, the data suggest that niche complexity increases with gut size and that niche selection forces dominate gut community construction.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The intestinal microbiome of animals is essential for health, contributing to digestion of foods, proper immune development, inhibition of pathogen colonization, and catabolism of xenobiotic compounds. How these communities assemble and persist is just beginning to be investigated. Here we interrogated a set of gut samples from a wide range of animals to investigate the roles of selection and random processes in microbial community construction. We show that the numbers of bacterial species increased with the weight of host organisms, paralleling findings from studies of island biogeography. Communities in larger organisms tended to be more anaerobic, suggesting one mechanism for niche diversification. Nonselective processes enable specific predictions for community structure, but our samples did not match the predictions of the neutral model. Thus, these findings highlight the importance of niche selection in community construction and suggest mechanisms of niche diversification.
Recovery of cellulose and xylan liquefied in ionic liquids by precipitation in anti-solvents (2009)

No abstract available
Efficient Multiobjective Antenna Optimization With Tolerance Analysis Through the Use of Surrogate Models (2018)

An efficient, black-box multiobjective optimization technique is presented, which is capable of simultaneously optimizing designs for performance as well as robustness when input tolerance values are not known a priori. During the optimization process, adaptive statistical surrogate mappings between input variables and output objectives are formulated within a model selection framework. These statistical models can be evaluated in fractions of a second and serve as an efficient surrogate for a more computationally intensive process, such as an electromagnetic simulation. By exploiting the speed offered from surrogate modeling techniques, new, high-performance designs can be quickly identified. In addition, complete tolerance analysis can be conducted within the optimization loop, which provides designers with critical information regarding the robustness of designs. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, it will be applied to the optimization of a capacitively loaded monopole and a wideband Vivaldi antenna.