gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ti / TiN Reactive Sputtering: Plasma Emission, X‐Ray Diffraction and Modeling (1992)

In situ optical emission spectroscopy studies of reactive sputtering were carried out in a Varian M2000 cluster tool. Deposition rates of films at temperatures of 25 and 500°C and a pressure of 4.3 mTorr are directly proportional to ratio of Ti(365)/Ar(435) emission lines. Measurement of the ratio of the N(655)/Ar(435) emission lines indicates an incubative dependence on nitrogen flow due to nitridation of the target. X‐ray diffraction studies show an abrupt transition in structure from hcp Ti to fcc as a function of nitrogen flow. reactive sputtering can be accurately described by a mathematical model based on the nitrogen flux balance on target and wall/shield at steady state.
Processable, high-performance dielectric elastomers and multilayered actuators (2023)

Dielectric elastomers (DE) can potentially generate large electrically induced strains with high energy and power densities. DE are often based on commercial acrylic and silicone elastomers, each having their respective limitations. A processable, high-performance dielectric elastomer (PHDE) with a bimodal network structure will be presented. Its electromechanical properties are tailored to obtain maximum areal strain greater than 100% without prestretching. A hybrid stacking process enables multilayer actuators that maintain the high actuation performance of single-layer films.
Twofold C−H Functionalization: Palladium-Catalyzed Ortho Arylation of Anilides (2008)

The ortho arylation of anilides to form biphenyls via a twofold C-H functionalization/C-C bond-forming process is described. The oxidative coupling takes place in the presence of 5-10 mol % of Pd(OAc)2, 10-20 mol % of DMSO, and 4-11 equiv of the aryl substrate in TFA under an oxygen atmosphere. No metal-containing cocatalyst is required.
Shadow Accrual Maps: Efficient Accumulation of City-Scale Shadows Over Time (2018)

Large scale shadows from buildings in a city play an important role in determining the environmental quality of public spaces. They can be both beneficial, such as for pedestrians during summer, and detrimental, by impacting vegetation and by blocking direct sunlight. Determining the effects of shadows requires the accumulation of shadows over time across different periods in a year. In this paper, we propose a simple yet efficient class of approach that uses the properties of sun movement to track the changing position of shadows within a fixed time interval. We use this approach to extend two commonly used shadow techniques, shadow maps and ray tracing, and demonstrate the efficiency of our approach. Our technique is used to develop an interactive visual analysis system, Shadow Profiler, targeted at city planners and architects that allows them to test the impact of shadows for different development scenarios. We validate the usefulness of this system through case studies set in Manhattan, a dense borough of New York City.
Erratum: Large Unidirectional Magnetoresistance in a Magnetic Topological Insulator [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 127202 (2016)] (2019)

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.127202.
Correction to Phase Behavior of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles in Homopolymer Blends from Simulations (2023)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Phase Behavior of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles in Homopolymer Blends from SimulationsA. P. SantosA. P. SantosMore by A. P. Santoshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9878-9892 and Amalie L. Frischknecht*Amalie L. FrischknechtMore by Amalie L. Frischknechthttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2112-2587Cite this: Macromolecules 2023, 56, 5, 2224Publication Date (Web):February 28, 2023Publication History Received10 February 2023Published online28 February 2023Published inissue 14 March 2023https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00240https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00240correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2023 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views355Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (740 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CD-SAXS measurements using laboratory-based and synchrotron-based instruments (2008)

Critical dimension small angle X-ray scattering (CD-SAXS) is a metrology platform capable of measuring the average cross section and line width roughness (LWR) with a sub-nm precision in test patterns with line widths ranging from 10 to 500 nm. The X-ray diffraction intensities from a collimated X-ray beam of sub-Angstrom wavelength were collected and analyzed to determine line width, pitch, sidewall angle, LWR, and others structural parameters. The capabilities of lab-scale and synchrotron-based CD-SAXS tools for LWR characterization were tested by measuring a set of identical patterns with designed roughness amplitude and frequency. These test patterns were fabricated using EUV lithography with sub-50 nm linewidths. To compensate for the limited photon flux from the lab-based X-ray source, the incident beam of the lab system was collimated to a less extent than the synchrotron beam-based tool. Consequently, additional desmearing is needed to extract information from data obtained from lab-based equipment. We report the weighted nonlinear least-squares algorithm developed for this purpose, in addiiton to a comparison between the results obtained from our lab system and the synchrotron beam-based tool.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Flow: Multistep Synthesis Enabled by a Microfluidic Extraction. (2011)

Abstract A continuous‐flow microfluidic system is developed for the transformation of phenols into their corresponding aryl triflates followed by Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction to afford biaryls directly.
A three-dimensional tissue culture model for the study of attach and efface lesion formation by enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (2005)

We sought to develop a practical and representative model to study the interactions of enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC, respectively) with human intestinal tissue. For this purpose, human intestinal epithelial HCT-8 cells were cultured under low-shear microgravity conditions in a rotating cell culture system. After 10 days, layered cell aggregates, or 'organoids', developed. Three lines of evidence indicated that these organoids exhibited traits characteristic of normal tissue. First, the organoids expressed normal intestinal tissue markers in patterns that suggested greater cellular differentiation in the organoids than conventionally grown monolayers. Second, the organoids produced higher levels of intestinally expressed disaccharidases and alkaline phosphatase on a cell basis than did conventionally cultured monolayers. Third, HCT-8 organoid tissue developed microvilli and desmosomes characteristic of normal tissue, as revealed by electron microscopy. Because the low-shear microgravity condition is proposed by modelling studies to more closely approximate conditions in the intestinal microvilli, we also tested the impact of microgravity of bacterial growth and virulence gene expression. No influence on growth rates was observed but intimin expression by EHEC was elevated during culture in microgravity as compared with normal gravity. That the responses of HCT-8 organoids to infection with wild-type EPEC or EHEC under microgravitational conditions approximated infection of normal tissue was demonstrated by the classical appearance of the resultant attaching and effacing lesions. We concluded that the low shear microgravity environment promoted growth of intestinal cell organoids with greater differentiation than was seen in HCT-8 cells maintained in conventional tissue culture and provided a reduced gravity environment for study of bacterial-host cell interactions.
Deletion of PHO13 , Encoding Haloacid Dehalogenase Type IIA Phosphatase, Results in Upregulation of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2014)

The haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily is one of the largest enzyme families, consisting mainly of phosphatases. Although intracellular phosphate plays important roles in many cellular activities, the biological functions of HAD enzymes are largely unknown. Pho13 is 1 of 16 putative HAD enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Pho13 has not been studied extensively, but previous studies have identified PHO13 to be a deletion target for the generation of industrially attractive phenotypes, namely, efficient xylose fermentation and high tolerance to fermentation inhibitors. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the improved xylose-fermenting phenotype produced by deletion of PHO13 (pho13Δ), we investigated the response of S. cerevisiae to pho13Δ at the transcriptomic level when cells were grown on glucose or xylose. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that pho13Δ resulted in upregulation of the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway and NADPH-producing enzymes when cells were grown on glucose or xylose. We also found that the transcriptional changes induced by pho13Δ required the transcription factor Stb5, which is activated specifically under NADPH-limiting conditions. Thus, pho13Δ resulted in the upregulation of the PP pathway and NADPH-producing enzymes as a part of an oxidative stress response mediated by activation of Stb5. Because the PP pathway is the primary pathway for xylose, its upregulation by pho13Δ might explain the improved xylose metabolism. These findings will be useful for understanding the biological function of S. cerevisiae Pho13 and the HAD superfamily enzymes and for developing S. cerevisiae strains with industrially attractive phenotypes.
Measurement of atomic sodium and potassium diffusion coefficients (1984)

The gaseous diffusion coefficients for sodium and potassium atoms have been measured as a function of temperature in a flow tube. Analysis is based on a simple relationship between diffusion and the observed alkali decay rate for the case of very reactive walls. The resulting values for the diffusion coefficient in units of cm2 s−1 at 1 atm are: The results agree well with previous measurements and the comparison with theoretical expectations is discussed.
A heterobimetallic K2Ti2complex incorporating two calix[5]arenes: A diverse array of metal–ligand interplay (2003)

Reaction of p-tBu-calix[5]arene with potassium metal in a mixture of methanol and THF followed by [Ti(acac)2(OPri)2] affords an unsymmetrical dimeric 1∶1 K/Ti complex built up from a central Ti–O–Ti core with each titanium(IV) centre octahedrally coordinated, bearing an acac and a calix[5]arene encapsulating a potassium ion.
Characterization of a 3;6 translocation associated with renal cell carcinoma (2007)

The most frequent cause of familial clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is von Hippel-Lindau disease and the VHL tumor suppressor gene (TSG) is inactivated in most sporadic clear cell RCC. Although there is relatively little information on the mechanisms of tumorigenesis of clear cell RCC without VHL inactivation, a subset of familial cases harbors a balanced constitutional chromosome 3 translocation. To date nine different chromosome 3 translocations have been associated with familial or multicentric clear cell RCC; and in three cases chromosome 6 was also involved. To identify candidate genes for renal tumorigenesis we characterized a constitutional translocation, t(3;6)(q22;q16.1) associated with multicentric RCC without evidence of VHL target gene dysregulation. Analysis of breakpoint sequences revealed a 1.3-kb deletion on chromosome 6 within the intron of a 2 exon predicted gene (NT_007299.434). However, RT-PCR analysis failed to detect the expression of this gene in lymphoblast, fibroblast, or kidney tumor cell lines. No known genes were disrupted by the translocation breakpoints but several candidate TSGs (e.g., EPHB1, EPHA7, PPP2R3A RNF184, and STAG1) map within close proximity to the breakpoints.
World wide telecom web search (2010)

Searching of spoken content has been of interest to the speech community for varied reasons in the past. The call centers are interested in searching information the calls where an agent may not have provided appropriate answer to the customer. Video search is mostly dependent on the accompanying audio analysis. In such scenarios, the query interface is still a visual interaction and multiple results can be presented to the user, with effective browsing and presentation controls. We challenge ourselves to enable searching of user generated audio content through a audio-only query-result interface. The motivation to perform such a search, the challenges in terms of data, interface and users are presented in this talk. The hope is that the audience will be able to identify sub-problems in this large space of WWTW search.
Supplementary Table 3 from Preclinical Studies on the Mechanism of Action and the Anti-Lymphoma Activity of the Novel Anti-CD20 Antibody GA101 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS - 27K, Supplementary Table 3&lt;/p&gt;
A mutant epidermal growth factor receptor targeted to lung epithelium inhibits asbestos-induced proliferation and proto-oncogene expression. (2002)

Asbestos is a ubiquitous naturally occurring fiber causing multiple cancers and fibroproliferativedisease. The mechanisms of epithelial cell hyperplasia, a hallmark of the initiation of lung cancers by asbestos, have been unclear. We demonstrate here that mice expressing a dominant-negative mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) under the control of the human lung surfactant protein-C promoter exhibit decreased pulmonary epithelial cell proliferation without alterations in asbestos-induced inflammation. In contrast to transgene-negative littermates, inhalation of asbestos by mice expressing the mutant EGFR does not result in early and elevated expression of early response proto-oncogenes (fos/jun or activator protein 1 family members). Additionally, quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis for levels of c-jun and c-fos in bronchiolar epithelium isolated by laser capture microdissection demonstrates increases in expression of these genes in asbestos-exposed epithelial cells. Results show that the EGFR mediates both asbestos-induced proto-oncogene expression and epithelial cell proliferation, providing a rationale for modification of its phosphorylation in preventive and therapeutic approaches to lung cancers and mesothelioma.
A novel methodology for controlled migration of antifog from thin polyolefin films (2013)

Transparent plastic films are widely used in agriculture as greenhouses covering and in the food industry as packaging films. The films are usually prepared by hydrophobic low polarity thermoplastics such as polyethylene (PE). In a greenhouse, the temperature and humidity are usually higher than the outside temperature and fog will appear on the inner surface of the PE film. Anti‐fogging (AF) additives are tensoactive materials, mainly nonionic surfactants, equalizing the PE and water surface tensions, thus creating a thin, continuous film of water rather than discrete droplets. In the present work, a new method of controlled migration of AF is described, by grafting AF molecules to the surface of submicron inorganic particles. Glycerides and fatty acids are used as AF. During the grafting reaction two fractions are formed: attached AF fraction to the inorganic particles' surface, a fraction which cannot be detached by extraction, and an unreacted, thus unattached AF fraction. Solvent extraction, FTIR and TGA measurements have confirmed the existence of the grafted AF molecules to the inorganic particle's surfaces. Aging tests, developed in the present work, have shown a significant decrease of the AF migration rate, thus confirming an extended duration of the anti‐fog's activity. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2023–2028, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
ChemInform Abstract: New Applications of 1,5‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions: Self‐ Oxidizing Protecting Groups. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fracture Processes in Concrete and Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites (1986)

Peer Reviewed
Energy efficient co-adaptive instruction fetch and issue (2003)

Front-end instruction delivery accounts for a significant fraction of the energy consumed in a dynamic superscalar processor. The issue queue in these processors serves two crucial roles: it bridges the front and back ends of the processor and serves as the window of instructions for the out-of-order engine. A mismatch between the front end producer rate and back end consumer rate, and between the supplied instruction window from the front end, and the required instruction window to exploit the level of application parallelism, results in additional front-end energy, and increases the issue queue utilization. While the former increases overall processor energy consumption, the latter aggravates the issue queue hot spot problem.We propose a complementary combination of fetch gating and issue queue adaptation to address both of these issues. We introduce an issue-centric fetch gating scheme based on issue queue utilization and application parallelism characteristics. Our scheme attempts to provide an instruction window size that matches the current parallelism characteristics of the application while maintaining enough queue entries to avoid back-end starvation. Compared to a conventional fetch gating scheme based on flow-rate matching, we demonstrate 20% better overall energy-delay with a 44% additional reduction in issue queue energy. We identify Icache energy savings as the largest contributor to the overall savings and quantify the sources of savings in this structure. We then couple this issue-driven fetch gating approach with an issue queue adaptation scheme based on queue utilization. While the fetch gating scheme provides a window of issue queue instructions appropriate to the level of program parallelism, the issue queue adaptation approach shuts down the remaining underutilized issue queue entries. Used in tandem, these complementary techniques yield a 20% greater issue queue energy savings than the addition of the savings from each technique applied in isolation. The result of this combined approach is a 6% overall energy-delay savings coupled with a 54% reduction in issue queue energy.
Antioxidative effects of diallyl trisulfide on hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity through regulation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor-mediated thioredoxin reductase 1 expression in C2C12 skeletal muscle myoblast cells (2017)

Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is one of the major sulfur-containing compounds in garlic oil. In this study, we analyzed the effects of DATS against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts. DATS preconditioning significantly attenuated H2O2-induced growth inhibition and DNA damage, as well as apoptosis by decreasing the generation of ROS. Treatment with DATS alone effectively upregulated the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), which was associated with the increased phosphorylation of Nrf2. However, the protective effects of DATS against H2O2-induced growth reduction and ROS accumulation were significantly abolished by auranofin, an inhibitor of TrxR activity. Moreover, DATS-mediated phosphorylation of Nrf2 and induction of TrxR1 were markedly reduced by genetic silencing of Nrf2. DATS treatment also induced the phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulating kinase (ERK), and analysis using specific inhibitors of cellular signaling pathways demonstrated that only ERK activation was involved in Nrf2 phosphorylation and TrxR1 induction. In addition, the cytoprotective potentials were abrogated in C2C12 cells pretreated with an ERK specific inhibitor. The results demonstrate that DATS protects against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in C2C12 cells in part through the activation of Nrf2-mediated TrxR1 induction via the ERK signaling pathway.
A Kalman Filter estimator for a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst during active regeneration of a CPF (2012)

Estimating un-measurable states is an important component for onboard diagnostics (OBD) and control strategy development in diesel exhaust aftertreatment systems. This paper focuses on the development of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based state estimator for a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) during active regeneration of a catalyzed particulate filter (CPF). The DOC estimator is critical to predict the exhaust gas states entering the downstream aftertreatment components such as a CPF and NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> reduction catalysts such as urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) in heavy duty diesel vehicles. The internal states of the DOC that are important for the performance of the CPF and SCR systems include NO and NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concentration states, that participate in the passive oxidation of particulate matter (PM) in the CPF and that are important for urea injection control system design in the SCR catalyst. During CPF active regeneration, the DOC is used to achieve a temperature exotherm by oxidizing the injected diesel fuel resulting in hydrocarbon slip into the CPF and an increased CPF inlet temperature (550-600°C) which promotes the PM oxidation. The results show that HC and temperature states in the DOC can be estimated using an EKF estimator with NOx and temperature measurements upstream of the DOC and temperature measurements downstream of the DOC.