gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prelacteal feeding practice and maintenance of exclusive breast feeding in Bihar, India – identifying key demographic sections for childhood nutrition interventions: a cross-sectional study (2019)

<ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Background</ns4:bold> : Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first six months of life is considered a high impact, but low-cost, measure for improving nutritional status, and reducing morbidity and mortality among children. However, providing prelacteal feed to a newborn, a widely practiced custom in rural India, is a major barrier to the practice of EBF. The present study evaluated the association between provision of prelacteal feeding and continuation of EBF among children up to 3 months age in Bihar, a resource-poor Indian state. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods</ns4:bold> : Data from four rounds of a population-based multi-stage sampling survey, conducted in 8 districts of Bihar between 2012 and 2013, was used for the present analysis. Using simple and adjusted logistic regression modelling, we tested the association of providing prelacteal feeding with two outcome measures - 1) giving only breastmilk during the last 24 hours, and 2) exclusively breastfed (EBF) since birth (excluding the first 3 days of life). </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Results</ns4:bold> : Among 10,262 children for whom prelacteal feeding data was available, 26% received prelacteal feeding. About 55% mothers reported that their children were exclusively breastfed, whereas 82% mothers provided only breastmilk to their children during the previous 24 hours. Children who received prelacteal feeding had approximately 60% lesser odds of being breastfed exclusively during the previous 24 hours [AOR = 0.39(0.33-0.47)] and 80% lesser odds of receiving continued EBF since birth [AOR = 0.20(0.17-0.24)]. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Conclusions</ns4:bold> : Frontline workers (FLW) provide nutritional counselling to mothers and children of rural India. In order to improve uptake of EBF, the families practicing prelacteal feeding should be identified early and subjected to intensive counselling by FLWs. </ns4:p>
Anomaly Detection and Diagnosis Algorithms for Discrete Symbol Sequences with Applications to Airline Safety (2008)

We present a set of novel algorithms which we call <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sequenceMiner</i> that detect and characterize anomalies in large sets of high-dimensional symbol sequences that arise from recordings of switch sensors in the cockpits of commercial airliners. While the algorithms that we present are general and domain-independent, we focus on a specific problem that is critical to determining the system-wide health of a fleet of aircraft. The approach taken uses unsupervised clustering of sequences using the normalized length of the longest common subsequence as a similarity measure, followed by detailed outlier analysis to detect anomalies. In this method, an outlier sequence is defined as a sequence that is far away from the cluster center. We present new algorithms for outlier analysis that provide comprehensible indicators as to why a particular sequence is deemed to be an outlier. The algorithms provide a coherent description to an analyst of the anomalies in the sequence when compared to more normal sequences. In the final section of the paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of sequenceMiner for anomaly detection on a real set of discrete-sequence data from a fleet of commercial airliners. We show that sequenceMiner discovers actionable and operationally significant safety events. We also compare our innovations with standard hidden Markov models, and show that our methods are superior.
ISHNE/EHRA expert consensus on remote monitoring of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) (2012)

We are in the midst of a rapidly evolving era of technology-assisted medicine. The field of telemedicine provides the opportunity for highly individualized medical management in a way that has never been possible before. Evolving medical technologies using cardiac implantable devices (CIEDs) with capabilities for remote monitoring permit evaluation of multiple parameters of cardiovascular physiology and risk, including cardiac rhythm, device function, blood pressure values, the presence of myocardial ischaemia, and the degree of compensation of congestive heart failure. Cardiac risk, device status, and response to therapies can now be assessed with these electronic systems of detection and reporting. This document reflects the extensive experience from investigators and innovators around the world who are shaping the evolution of this rapidly expanding field, focusing in particular on implantable pacemakers (IPGs), implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), devices for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) (both, with and without defibrillation properties), loop recorders, and haemodynamic monitoring devices. This document covers the basic methodologies, guidelines for their use, experience with existing applications, and the legal and reimbursement aspects associated with their use. To adequately cover this important emerging topic, the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology (ISHNE) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) combined their expertise in this field. We hope that the development of this field can contribute to improve care of our cardiovascular patients.
Applications of Symbolic Execution to Program Testing (1978)

The advanced method of symbolic evaluation can be applied to program testing situations with results close to those of formal correctness proofs–but without the high cost.
An adaptive functional split in 5G networks (2019)

The 5G radio access network (RAN) features a partially centralized architecture, in which a subset of the network functions are deployed in a centralized unit. Centralizing these functions reduces operating costs and enables coordination techniques. However, the more functions are centralized, the more capacity is needed on the fronthaul network connecting centralized and distributed units. In addition, the required fronthaul capacity also depends on the instantaneous user traffic, which varies over time. Therefore, in order to optimize its performance, the 5G RAN should be able to dynamically adapt its centralization level to the user traffic. In this paper, we present the design of an adaptive RAN that can switch between two different centralization options at runtime. We provide design objectives and challenges, as well as measurement results from a working implementation.
Ensemble Effects in Nanostructured TiO2 Used in the Gas-Phase Photooxidation of Trichloroethylene (2002)

Nanostructured TiO2 with different crystal sizes (i.e., 3, 5, and 6 nm) but identical aggregate size (i.e., 100 nm) and shape (sphere) were successfully made using a modified sol−gel method. TiO2 catalysts with crystal size of 5 nm and aggregate size of 100 nm were also prepared. This batch of catalysts has similar phase structure, surface area, band-gap energy, and degree of surface hydroxylation, and differs mainly in their crystallinity. Synchrotron XRD, XANES and EXAFS, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the structural properties of the nanometer sized TiO2, whereas ultraviolet, X-ray photoelectron and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy provided important information on the electronic properties of these nanoparticles. The catalytic performance of the nanostructured TiO2 for gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene exhibited strong dependency on both crystal size and crystallinity.
Genetics of the Long QT Syndrome (1994)

The application of molecular biology to human genetics has led to the development of a new field, human molecular genetics. This field has already had a dramatic impact on our understanding of cardiovascular disease and has helped improve diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. We have learned a great deal during the past decade about the long QT syndrome, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hypertension, and supravalvular aortic stenosis. In the coming decade, the pace of discovery will accelerate, offering new opportunities for the prediction and prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Fabrication of p-channel BICFET in the Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x//Si system (2003)

The first operational BICFET (bipolar-inversion-channel field-effect transistor) structures based on the Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x//Si system have been demonstrated. The 300 K current gains of beta >300 are believed to be the highest values reported for a BICFET in any material system to date. The device structure, fabrication, and electrical performance are presented. It is concluded that due to its small vertical dimensions and ability to scale laterally, this device shows promise for both discrete and VLSI high-speed applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Dissociative Polyatomic Molecules (1996)

Resonance Raman spectroscopy as a probe of the early stages in the dissociation dynamics of polyatomic molecules has become a valuable complement to photofragmentation studies. While these spontaneous Raman experiments are obtained in the frequency domain, they often reflect evolution of the molecule during the first few femtoseconds of bond breaking. Coupled with progress in classical and quantum calculations of large-amplitude motion, unique insights have become available for a number of small polyatomic molecules. The development of this field to date is reviewed.
Challenges of Spectrofluorometry, Part 2: Instrument-Specific Concerns (2021)

Part 1 of this three-part series provided a procedure for quickly recording acceptable fluorescence spectra with classic commercial spectrofluorometers for most samples in common 1-cm-pathlength cuvettes. Part 2 of the series describes instrument-specific concerns that require modifications to our initial procedure if we want spectra that can be accurately reproduced in other laboratories. Part 3 will discuss how the sample itself can make reproducibility between instruments challenging.
In vivo measurement of proximal pulmonary artery elastic modulus in the neonatal calf model of pulmonary hypertension: development and ex vivo validation (2010)

Developing clinical work suggests that vascular stiffening plays a role in the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH), while recent studies in animal models of hypoxic PH have found significant proximal vascular stiffening in the diseased population. Here, we develop and validate a minimally invasive, clinically realizable method to estimate the local elastic modulus of the proximal pulmonary arteries from pressure-diameter (PD) data. PD measurements were made in the main pulmonary arteries of 16 calves; lumen diameter was assessed using color M-mode tissue Doppler imaging ultrasound, while pressure was measured via catheter. Two methods corresponding to thin-walled pressure vessel theory ("thin") and Lame's equation for a thick-walled cylinder ("thick") were used to approximate the artery elastic modulus from PD measurements. The harvested arteries were tested independently to determine their "true" ex vivo elastic modulus and stiffness. Both approximations displayed excellent correlation with ex vivo elastic modulus of the calf main pulmonary artery (thin r(2) = 0.811; thick r(2) = 0.844; both P < 0.01). Bland-Altman analysis indicated that the thick-walled approximation has better overall agreement with ex vivo modulus. The approximations displayed quantitatively distinct regression slopes that were statistically different (P = 0.02). The elastic modulus of the main pulmonary artery can be reasonably estimated from combined color M-mode tissue Doppler imaging ultrasound and catheter pressure measurements in calves. Such measurements may be a valuable tool in the diagnosis and treatment of human PH.
Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies in Ulcerative Colitis (1991)

Abstract Previous studies from this laboratory showed that serum anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, distinct from those associated with active Wegener's granulomatosis, are present in the majority of patients with ulcerative colitis. In this study, the specificity of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies for ulcerative colitis as compared with other colitides and diarrheal illnesses was determined. In a blinded study, test samples of serum were screened for anti-neutrophil immunoglobulin G in a fixed neutrophil enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of neutrophil binding by immunoglobulin G and titers of anti-neutrophil immunoglobulin G in sera from patients with ulcerative colitis and patients with ulcerative colitis post colectomy were each significantly greater than the levels and titers for normal controls and patients with a variety of other colitides and diarrheal illnesses. Levels of neutrophil binding for colonic Crohn's disease, bacterial/amoebic colitis, the irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea, and other miscellaneous diarrheal illnesses were not significantly different than the levels for normal controls. Although the levels of binding for collagenous colitis were significantly less than the levels for ulcerative colitis, they were significantly greater than the levels for normal controls. Patterns of neutrophil binding by serum samples that were positive in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were determined by indirect immunofluorescence. Perinuclear staining was the predominant pattern shown by sera from patients with ulcerative colitis. The combination of a positive value in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a perinuclear immunofluorescence pattern was 60% sensitive and 94% specific for ulcerative colitis. It is concluded that anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in ulcerative colitis are not simply an epiphenomenon related to inflammation of the colon. Identification of the antigen(s) to which these autoantibodies are directed may facilitate understanding of the underlying immune response and may allow development of an assay that is more sensitive and specific for ulcerative colitis.
Electra after Freud (2019)

"Electra's story is essentially a tale of murder, revenge, and violence. In the ancient myth of Atreus, Agamemnon returns home from battle and receives no hero's welcome. Instead, he is greeted with an ax, murdered in his bath by his wife, Clytemnestra, and her lover-accomplice, Aegisthus. Electra chooses anger over sorrow and stops at nothing to ensure that her mother pays. In revenge, Electra, with the help of her brother, orchestrates a brutal and bloody matricide, and her reward is the restitution of her father's good name. Amid all this chaos, Electra, Agamemnon's princess daughter, must bear the humiliation of being treated as a slave girl and labeled a madwoman."-from the IntroductionAlmost everyone knows about Oedipus and his mother, and many readers would put the Oedipus myth at the forefront of Western collective mythology. In Electra after Freud, Jill Scott leaves that couple behind and argues convincingly for the primacy of the countermyth of Agamemnon and his daughter. Through a lens of Freudian and feminist psychoanalysis, this book views renderings of the Electra myth in twentieth-century literature and culture.Scott reads several pivotal texts featuring Electra to demonstrate what she calls "a narrative revolt" against the dominance of Oedipus as archetype. Situating the Electra myth within a framework of psychoanalysis, medicine, opera, and dance, Scott investigates the heroine's role at the intersections of history and the feminine, eros and thanatos, hysteria and melancholia. Scott analyzes Electra adaptations by H.D., Hofmannsthal and Strauss, Musil, and Plath and highlights key moments in the telling and reception of the Electra myth in the modern imagination
A Digital offset-compensation scheme for an LA and CDR in 65-nm CMOS (2009)

A digital offset-compensation scheme for a limiting amplifier (LA) and CDR is presented. The proposed scheme detects the LA offset by sampling the CDR recovered clock with the LA output. The scheme eliminates offset-induced data jitter and compensates offset even for levels that saturate the LA output and cause the CDR not to lock. The compensation circuitry consumes 7.2 mW and occupies 160×110 µm2, a third the area of the LA.
FluidFM for single-cell biophysics (2021)

Abstract Fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM), which combines atomic force microscopy (AFM) with microchanneled cantilevers connected to a pressure controller, is a technique allowing the realization of force-sensitive nanopipette under aqueous conditions. FluidFM has unique advantages in simultaneous three-dimensional manipulations and mechanical measurements of biological specimens at the micro-/nanoscale. Over the past decade, FluidFM has shown its potential in biophysical assays particularly in the investigations at single-cell level, offering novel possibilities for discovering the underlying mechanisms guiding life activities. Here, we review the utilization of FluidFM to address biomechanical and biophysical issues in the life sciences. Firstly, the fundamentals of FluidFM are represented. Subsequently, the applications of FluidFM for biophysics at single-cell level are surveyed from several facets, including single-cell manipulations, single-cell force spectroscopy, and single-cell electrophysiology. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for future progressions are provided.
The Antibacterial Properties of Secreted Phospholipases A2 (2002)

The antibacterial properties of human group IIA secreted phospholipase A(2) against Gram-positive bacteria as a result of membrane hydrolysis have been reported. Using Micrococcus luteus as a model system, we demonstrate the very high specificity of this human enzyme for such hydrolysis compared with the group IB, IIE, IIF, V, and X human secreted phospholipase A(2)s. A unique feature of the group IIA enzyme is its very high pI due to a large excess of cationic residues on the enzyme surface. The importance of this global positive charge in bacterial cell membrane hydrolysis and bacterial killing has been examined using charge reversal mutagenesis. The global positive charge on the enzyme surface allows penetration through the bacterial cell wall, thus allowing access of this enzyme to the cell membrane. Reduced bacterial killing was associated with the loss of positive charge and reduced cell membrane hydrolysis. All mutants were highly effective in hydrolyzing the bacterial membrane of cells in which the cell wall was permeabilized with lysozyme. These same overall characteristics were also seen with suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua, where cell membrane hydrolysis and antibacterial activity of human group IIA enzyme was also lost as a result of charge reversal mutagenesis.
Dynamic field distribution of thin film inductive heads (1992)

Magnetic poles used in thin film inductive disc drive heads have a complex structure. It is therefore very difficult to recognize the actual field distributions. However, precise understanding of the field profiles, especially in high frequency regions, is very important for designing high density and high speed data storage systems. In this study, dynamic field distributions of thin film heads were investigated using electron beam tomography. Their relation to the pole materials and configurations are discussed.
Layer‐by‐Layer Formation of Block‐Copolymer‐Derived TiO2 for Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2011)

Morphology control on the 10 nm length scale in mesoporous TiO(2) films is crucial for the manufacture of high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells. While the combination of block-copolymer self-assembly with sol-gel chemistry yields good results for very thin films, the shrinkage during the film manufacture typically prevents the build-up of sufficiently thick layers to enable optimum solar cell operation. Here, a study on the temporal evolution of block-copolymer-directed mesoporous TiO(2) films during annealing and calcination is presented. The in-situ investigation of the shrinkage process enables the establishment of a simple and fast protocol for the fabrication of thicker films. When used as photoanodes in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, the mesoporous networks exhibit significantly enhanced transport and collection rates compared to the state-of-the-art nanoparticle-based devices. As a consequence of the increased film thickness, power conversion efficiencies above 4% are reached.
Discrete wavelet transform EEG features of Alzheimer'S disease in activated states (2012)

In this study, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals obtained by a single-electrode device from 24 subjects - 10 with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 14 age-matched Controls (CN) - were analyzed using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The focus of the study is to determine the discriminating EEG features of AD patients while subjected to cognitive and auditory tasks, since AD is characterized by progressive impairments in cognition and memory. At each recording block, DWT extracts EEG features corresponding to major brain frequency bands. T-test and Kruskal-Wallis methods were used to determine the statistically significant features of EEG signals from AD patients compared to Controls. A decision tree algorithm was then used to identify the dominant features for AD patients. It was determined that the mean value of the low-δ (1 - 2 Hz) frequency band during the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test with 2.0 (s) interval and the mean value of the δ frequency band (12 - 30 Hz) during 6 Hz auditory stimulation have higher mean values in AD patients than Controls. Due to artifacts, the less reliable low-δ features were removed and it was determined that the mean value of β frequency band during 6 Hz auditory stimulation followed by the standard deviation of θ (4 - 8 Hz) frequency band of one card learning cognitive task are higher for AD patients compared to Controls and thus the most dominant discriminating features of the disease.
MM-111: a novel bispecific antibody targeting ErbB3 with potent anti-tumor activity in ErbB2 over-expressing malignancies. (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4166 ErbB3 has been identified as a preferred dimerization partner of ErbB2, critical for driving the proliferation of ErbB2 over-expressing breast tumors. We have designed a bispecific antibody, MM-111, which inhibits ligand-induced phosphorylation of ErbB3 with sub-nanomolar potency by exploiting the abundant expression of its dimerization partner, ErbB2, for specific targeting to cancer cells that express both receptors. We employed computational physicochemical modeling to guide the kinetic optimization of the monovalent binding affinities to the ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptors to increase the potency and specificity of MM-111 for tumor cells. We have demonstrated that MM-111 inhibits activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway in vitro and in vivo, resulting in attenuation of tumor proliferation. Inhibition of growth by MM-111 has been observed in several murine xenograft models including BT474 and MDA-MB-361 breast tumors. While the antitumor activity of MM-111 is positively correlated with ErbB2 expression levels, MM-111's potent inhibition of ErbB3 phosphorylation and signaling downstream from this receptor differs markedly from currently available therapies targeting ErbB2 over-expressing breast tumors and thus provides a novel approach to treatment for these malignancies. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the combination of computational biology with antibody engineering has resulted in the development of a promising, novel therapeutic, MM-111, that has potent antitumor activity in malignancies driven by the ErbB2/3 oncogenic unit. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4166.