gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Genome Modeling for Predicting the Thermal Conductivity of Silicon Carbide Ceramics (2016)

Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics have been widely used in industry due to its high thermal conductivity. Understanding the relations between the microstructure and the thermal conductivity of SiC ceramics is critical for improving the efficiency of heat removal in heat sink applications. In this paper, a multiscale model is proposed to predict the thermal conductivity of SiC ceramics by bridging atomistic simulations and continuum model via a materials genome model. Interatomic potentials are developed using ab initio calculations to achieve more accurate molecular dynamics ( MD ) simulations. Interfacial thermal conductivities with various additive compositions are predicted by nonequilibrium MD simulations. A homogenized materials genome model with the calculated interfacial thermal properties is used in a continuum model to predict the effective thermal conductivity of SiC ceramics. The effects of grain size, additive compositions, and temperature are also studied. The good agreement found between prediction results and experimental measurements validates the capabilities of the proposed multiscale genome model in understanding and improving the thermal transport characteristics of SiC ceramics.
Delta-Ramp Encoder: Amplitude Sampling meets Time Encoding. (2018)

The theoretical basis for conventional acquisition of bandlimited signals typically relies on uniform time sampling and assumes infinite-precision amplitude values. In this paper, we explore signal representation and recovery based on uniform amplitude sampling with assumed infinite precision timing information. The approach is based on the delta-ramp encoder which consists of applying a one-level level-crossing detector to the result of adding an appropriate sawtooth-like waveform to the input signal. The output samples are the time instants of these level crossings, thus representing a time-encoded version of the input signal. For theoretical purposes, this system can be equivalently analyzed by reversibly transforming through ramp addition a nonmonotonic input signal into a monotonic one which is then uniformly sampled in amplitude. The monotonic function is then represented by the times at which the signal crosses a predefined and equally-spaced set of amplitude values. We refer to this technique as amplitude sampling. The time sequence generated can be interpreted alternatively as nonuniform time sampling of the original source signal. We derive duality and frequency-domain properties for the functions involved in the transformation. Iterative algorithms are proposed and implemented for recovery of the original source signal. As indicated in the simulations, the proposed iterative amplitude-sampling algorithm achieves a faster convergence rate than frame-based reconstruction for nonuniform sampling. The performance can also be improved by appropriate choice of the parameters while maintaining the same sampling density.
Hepatospecific ablation of p38α MAPK governs liver regeneration through modulation of inflammatory response to CCl4-induced acute injury (2019)

Mammalian p38α MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) transduces a variety of extracellular signals that regulate cellular processes, such as inflammation, differentiation, proliferation or apoptosis. In the liver, depending of the physiopathological context, p38α acts as a negative regulator of hepatocyte proliferation as well as a promotor of inflammatory processes. However, its function during an acute injury, in adult liver, remains uncharacterized. In this study, using mice that are deficient in p38α specifically in mature hepatocytes, we unexpectedly found that lack of p38α protected against acute injury induced by CCl<sub>4</sub> compound. We demonstrated that the hepatoprotective effect alleviated ROS accumulation and shaped the inflammatory response to promote efficient tissue repair. Mechanistically, we provided strong evidence that Ccl2/Ccl5 chemokines were crucial for a proper hepatoprotective response observed secondary to p38α ablation. Indeed, antibody blockade of Ccl2/Ccl5 was sufficient to abrogate hepatoprotection through a concomitant decrease of both inflammatory cells recruitment and antioxidative response that result ultimately in higher liver damages. Our findings suggest that targeting p38α expression and consequently orientating immune response may represent an attractive approach to favor tissue recovery after acute liver injury.
Cryptography as an operating system service (2006)

Cryptographic transformations are a fundamental building block in many security applications and protocols. To improve performance, several vendors market hardware accelerator cards. However, until now no operating system provided a mechanism that allowed both uniform and efficient use of this new type of resource.We present the OpenBSD Cryptographic Framework (OCF), a service virtualization layer implemented inside the operating system kernel, that provides uniform access to accelerator functionality by hiding card-specific details behind a carefully designed API. We evaluate the impact of the OCF in a variety of benchmarks, measuring overall system performance, application throughput and latency, and aggregate throughput when multiple applications make use of it.We conclude that the OCF is extremely efficient in utilizing cryptographic accelerator functionality, attaining 95% of the theoretical peak device performance and over 800 Mbps aggregate throughput using 3DES. We believe that this validates our decision to opt for ease of use by applications and kernel components through a uniform API and for seamless support for new accelerators. Furthermore, our evaluation points to several bottlenecks in system and operating system design: data copying between user and kernel modes, PCI bus signaling inefficiency, protocols that use small data units, and single-threaded applications. We identify some of these limitations through a set of measurements focusing on application-layer cryptographic protocols such as SSL. We offer several suggestions for improvements and directions for future work. We provide experimental evidence of the effectiveness of a new approach which we call operating system shortcutting. Shortcutting can improve the performance of application-layer cryptographic protocols by 27% with very small changes to the kernel.
Method-of-moments parameter estimation for compound fading processes (2008)

A novel and general parameterized fading model for the instantaneous received path power is presented, which accounts for both wide-sense stationary shadowing and small-scale fading. A method-of-moments parameter estimator is derived and implemented using a non-linear least-squares algorithm. Performance is explored by analysis and simulation under different noisy channel scenarios, and compared to exact Cramer-Rao bounds in the case of uncorrelated shadowing, and to idealized CR bounds, where shadowing and small-scale fading processes are assumed to be observed separately, in the case when shadowing correlation was not negligible.
Accounting thermal noise in mathematical models of quasi-homogeneous regions in silicon devices (1995)

This work proposes stochastic generalizations of semiconductor fluid-dynamic and the Shockley equation systems for thermal-noise modeling in quasi-homogeneous regions of silicon devices. These stochastic systems include thermal-noise terms derived from the Langevin-equation theory. The Shockley-like stochastic model performs thermal-noise sources in drift-diffusion expressions in the form of the steady-state solution of the Langevin equation, rather than in the white-noise form. Differences from the previous drift-diffusion thermal-noise modeling and the relevant physical aspects are discussed. A quasi-stationary approximation for the Shockley-like stochastic system is considered and theoretically tested for resistor and p-n junction. The corresponding results agree with the expressions for spectral densities by H. Nyquist (1928) and M. Gupta (1982), and present a generalization in the latter case. The proposed models can be used in analytical techniques for device/circuit research/design or incorporated into CAE/CAD software and open for methods of stochastic-differential-equation theory to be applied to thermal-noise analysis within fluid-dynamic and drift-diffusion approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Information theoretical lower bounds for unconditionally secure group authentication (2002)

The single sender single receiver authentication model was extended by Desmedt and Frankel (1991) to the case where certain groups of persons are able to sign a message. The problem is further developed and discussed by Desmedt (1994). The unconditionally secure group authentication problem was formulated and investigated using the generalized vector space construction (van Dijk et al., 1995). We give information theoretic bounds on the security of a group authentication scheme and propose a construction based on the Shamir secret sharing scheme and maximum rank distance codes (MRD-codes).
High temperature stable coatings for use on short arc lamps (2004)

Dichroic coatings are prepared on short arc lamps by magnetron sputtering. Their optical properties and long-term temperature stability up to 1000°C are examined. The influence on lamp characteristics and application in projection systems are discussed.
Measurement of free thyroid hormones in serum by dialysis and gas chromatography. (1977)

Abstract We describe a simultaneous, absolute analysis for free (dialyzable) triiodothyronine and thyroxine in serum by the sequence: dialysis, internal standard addition to the dialysate, cation-exchange chromatography, derivatization, and gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The detection limit is 0.2 pg and the precision (repeatability) in the range of 4 to 20 ng/liter is 1.6%. Mean values for free T3 and T4 in 29 euthryoid sera were 4.2 and 18.9 ng/liter, respectively, in close agreement with accepted values. Correlation coefficients for the two compounds were 0.99 and 0.97, respectively, when this procedure was compared with a method involving tracer dialysis and radioimmunoassay. A chromatographic peak was seen for free 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine in the analyses of two of eight hyperthyroid sera, and, with a larger sample volume, from a euthyroid serum. The new method is a potential reference and research procedure for analysis of free iodothyronines.
10 nm scale electron beam lithography using a triphenylene derivative as a negative/positive tone resist (1999)

We show that the liquid crystal triphenylene derivative 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexapentyl-oxytriphenylene acts as a high-resolution electron beam resist. Using pentanol as a developer, positive behaviour was observed for electron doses greater than ~300µC cm-2 at 20 keV. At higher doses (&gt;2.5 mC cm-2), the resist rapidly assumes negative tone behaviour. With the developer monochlorobenzene, only negative behaviour was observed, with a sensitivity of ~2.5 mC cm-2 at 20 keV. The resist allows relatively facile definition of 14 nm patterns (negative tone) with a 30 keV electron beam and without the need for any complex pre-irradiation preparation or post-irradiation processing of the resist.
Towards the Formation of Neuro-Transistor Artificial Chemical Synapse (2007)

Highly sensitive biosensor for detection of acetylcholine (ACh) and competitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, eserine, is investigated. Peculiar microelectronic configuration of an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) in addition to a right choice of the pH-transducing nano layers allows recording a response of the enzyme-modified ISFET (EnFET) to a wide range of ACh concentrations. We demonstrate a remarkable improvement of at least three orders of magnitude in dose response to ACh. Described bioelectronic system reveals clear response, when the catalytic activity of the immobilized AChE is inhibited in a reversible manner by eserine, competitive inhibitor of AChE.
Th17 cells retain antitumor efficacy after long-term ex vivo expansion (2016)

Abstract Immunotherapies have produced impressive responses in melanoma patients by re-training their immune system to fight their cancer. One of the most successful of these methods is adoptive T cell therapy (ACT), which enriches, expands, and educates a patient’s tumor-reactive T cells before returning them to the patient. This therapy depends on infusing large numbers of cells (upwards of 1010 cells/patient) to mediate tumor regression, while also requiring cells of durable quality capable of sustaining long-term remission. Unfortunately, CD8+ T cells which are most often used, lose their antitumor efficacy as they are expanded ex vivo to large numbers. To circumvent this dilemma, we propose the use of IL-17 producing CD4+ T cells (Th17 cells), for ACT. We found that similar to CD8+ T cells, treatment with Th17 cells was more effective with higher numbers. These numbers can be achieved as Th17 cells expanded up to 10,000 fold after three weeks of ex vivo culture. At the end of culture, Th17 cells were as effective at eradicating melanomas as Th17 cells cultured for shorter duration. Between early and late culture time points, Th17 cells retained an effector memory phenotype (CD44+CD62L−) without acquiring markers of full effector and exhausted status, converted to a Th1-like functional profile (from mainly secreting IL17 to co-secreting IFNγ and IL17), and maintained the ability to engraft and persist in the host. We also demonstrate the power of combining the high yield and durable potency of Th17 cells by using their total yield at late culture to control clinically significant end-stage disease. These results support the advancement of Th17 cells to clinical trials to increase the number, quality, and duration of patient responses to treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Potential Inhibitors of Hemagglutination by Influenza Virus: Chemoenzymic Preparation of N‐5 Analogues of N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transcriptomic Dissection of Hepatocyte Heterogeneity: Linking Ploidy, Zonation, and Stem/Progenitor Cell Characteristics (2019)

This study provides new insights into hepatocyte heterogeneity, namely 2c hepatocytes are preferentially localized to the pericentral region, and a subpopulation of 2c hepatocytes show liver progenitor cell-like features in terms of liver progenitor cell marker expression (Axin2, Prom1, and Lgr5).
Optimal design and operation of maritime energy systems based on renewable methanol and closed carbon cycles (2022)

The phasing out of fossil fuels in the shipping sector is of key importance for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Synthetic fuels based on renewable energy are a promising option for a sustainable maritime sector, with renewable methanol being one of the most widely considered energy carriers. However, the availability of renewable methanol is still limited and the costs associated with it are significantly higher than for conventional fuels, also because fuel synthesis must rely on carbon dioxide as a resource. Through the use of onboard carbon capture, the release of carbon dioxide during combustion can be avoided, and this closed cycle reduces the need for carbon sources. This paper investigates such a scenario by analyzing overall ship energy systems that use internal combustion engines with connected pre-combustion and post-combustion carbon capture technologies. The effect of these technologies on the techno-economic performance of a fully renewable energy system is investigated by setting up a mixed-integer optimization framework for the optimal design and operation of ship propulsion systems. The propulsion demand for the chosen case study consists of a typical operational profile of a ferry operating in the Baltic Sea. Comparison of the capture cases to a system solely based on renewable methanol reveals significant cost advantages of the closed carbon cycle systems. The baseline scenario has nearly 20% lower annual costs, with total capture rates of 90% in the post-combustion case and around 40% in the pre-combustion case. An extensive sensitivity analysis shows that these cost advantages are robust against various technological and economic boundary conditions. In the pre-combustion case, process heat demand reduction in combination with increased engine heat supply might enable higher capture rates beyond 90%. The results indicate that combining renewable fuels with onboard carbon capture creates opportunities for cost-effective, sustainable shipping.
Cryptococcus neoformansVirulence Is Enhanced after Growth in the Genetically Malleable HostDictyostelium discoideum (2003)

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated, environmental fungus that can cause life-threatening meningitis. Pathogenicity of C. neoformans for macrophages and vertebrate hosts may be a mechanism selected in evolution for protection against environmental predators. In this study, we investigated whether Dictyostelium discoideum could serve as an alternate host for C. neoformans. D. discoideum has a defined genetic system which provides significant advantages for the study of fungus-amoeba interactions. Our results show that D. discoideum is susceptible to infection with C. neoformans and that the interactions are similar to those described previously for this fungus with macrophages and Acanthamoeba castellanii. Acapsular C. neoformans cells did not replicate when coincubated with D. discoideum. However, incubation of acapsular C. neoformans with D. discoideum mutants defective in myosin VII synthesis resulted in infection, validating the concept that avirulent organisms can be virulent in impaired hosts even at the unicellular level. Phagocytosis of C. neoformans by D. discoideum could be inhibited with capsule-specific antibodies and various sugars. Passage of an encapsulated C. neoformans strain through D. discoideum cultures increased virulence and was accompanied by larger capsules and faster time to melanization. These results add to the evidence implicating soil ameboid predators as important factors for the maintenance of C. neoformans virulence in the environment and suggest that D. discoideum promises to be an extremely useful system for studying the interaction of C. neoformans with phagocytic cells.
An Introduction to CRISPR Technology for Genome Activation and Repression in Mammalian Cells (2016)

CRISPR interference/activation (CRISPRi/a) technology provides a simple and efficient approach for targeted repression or activation of gene expression in the mammalian genome. It is highly flexible and programmable, using an RNA-guided nuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) protein fused with transcriptional regulators for targeting specific genes to effect their regulation. Multiple studies have shown how this method is an effective way to achieve efficient and specific transcriptional repression or activation of single or multiple genes. Sustained transcriptional modulation can be obtained by stable expression of CRISPR components, which enables directed reprogramming of cell fate. Here, we introduce the basics of CRISPRi/a technology for genome repression or activation.
Understanding usability practices in complex domains (2010)

Although usability methods are widely used for evaluating conventional graphical user interfaces and websites, there is a growing concern that current approaches are inadequate for evaluating complex, domain-specific tools. We interviewed 21 experienced usability professionals, including in-house experts, external consultants, and managers working in a variety of complex domains, and uncovered the challenges commonly posed by domain complexity and how practitioners work around them. We found that despite the best efforts by usability professionals to get familiar with complex domains on their own, the lack of formal domain expertise can be a significant hurdle for carrying out effective usability evaluations. Partnerships with domain experts lead to effective results as long as domain experts are willing to be an integral part of the usability team. These findings suggest that for achieving usability in complex domains, some fundamental educational changes may be needed in the training of usability professionals.
Distributed coordinated beamforming for multi-cell multigroup multicast systems (2016)

This paper considers coordinated multicast beam-forming in a multi-cell wireless network. Each multiantenna base station (BS) serves multiple groups of single antenna users by generating a single beam with common data per group. The aim is to minimize the sum power of BSs while satisfying user-specific SINR targets. We propose centralized and distributed multicast beamforming algorithms for multi-cell multigroup systems. The NP-hard multicast problem is tackled by approximating it as a convex problem using the standard semidefinite relaxation method. The resulting semidefinite program (SDP) can be solved via centralized processing if global channel knowledge is available. To allow a distributed implementation, the primal decomposition method is used to turn the SDP into two optimization levels. The higher level is in charge of optimizing inter-cell interference while the lower level optimizes beamformers for given inter-cell interference constraints. The distributed algorithm requires local channel knowledge at each BS and scalar information exchange between BSs. If the solution has unit rank, it is optimal for the original problem. Otherwise, the Gaussian randomization method is used to find a feasible solution. The superiority of the proposed algorithms over conventional schemes is demonstrated via numerical evaluation.
Light-Induced Periodic Lattice of Defects in Smectic A and C Liquid Crystals: Structural and Dynamical Aspects (1997)

Abstract Structural and dynamical studies of Optically-induced effects in SmA and SmC* liquid crystals are presented. The smectic materials are doped with photosensitive molecules capable of trans-cis isomerization under light illumination. Laser irradiation leads to the formation of strongly scattering textures with periodical array of parabolic focal conic domains (PFCD's). What is most surprising is that the effect is caused by a low-power (≤ 10 mW) He-Ne laser beam; its efficiency is highest in the visible part of the spectrum. The written information can be erased by another beam with shorter wavelength, such as from an Ar laser or a UV source. The PFCD's lattice can be stabilized by a polymeric network. The most plausible mechanism of the light-induced effect is compression/dilation of smectic layers caused by phototransformation of the molecules.
On Stable Many-to-Many Matching for Distributed Medium Access with Reuse of Spectral Resources (2016)

Recently, direct device-to-device (D2D) communication has gained broad attention. This paper studies a distributed model for the assignment of transmitter-receiver links to frequency resources within a D2D network. We present a novel and low-complex protocol based on the game-theoretic framework of stable many-to-many matching. In this model, several links can share the same resource and each link can use several resources for communication. In order to promote fairness in the system, the resource assignment is restricted through matching quotas. Although spectral reuse is allowed, we ensure reliable transmissions on every resource by an appropriate power allocation scheme based on conservative interference assumptions. The power allocation of each device takes SINR goals into consideration while incorporating an energy-efficient use of the resources. Simulation results evaluate the performance of our distributed algorithm against a centralized resource allocation scheme.