gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Stress and Capillary End Effects on Relative Permeability of Shale Rocks (2019)

Abstract Relative permeability (kr) functions are among the essential data required for the simulation of multiphase flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs. These functions can be measured in the laboratory using different techniques including the steady state displacement technique. However, relative permeability measurement of shale rocks is extremely difficult mainly because of the low/ultralow matrix permeability and porosity, dominant capillary pressure and stress-dependent permeability of these formations. In this study, the impacts of stress and capillary end effects (CEE) on the measured relative permeability data were investigated. The steady state relative permeability (SS-kr) measurements were performed on Eagle Ford and Pierre shale samples. To overcome the difficulties regarding the kr measurements of shale rocks, a special setup equipped with a high-pressure visual separator (with an accuracy of 0.07 cc) was used. The kr data were measured at different total injection rates and liquid gas ratios (LGR). In addition, to evaluate the impacts of effective stress, the kr data of an Eagle Ford shale sample were measured at two different effective stresses of 1000 and 3000 psi. From the experimental data, it was observed that the measured SS-kr data of the shale samples have been influenced by the capillary end effects as the data showed significant variation when measured at different injection rates (with the same LGR). This suggested that the liquid hold-up (i.e. capillary end effects) depends on the competition of capillary and viscous forces. In addition, it was shown that it is more necessary to correct the experimental kr data measured at the lower LGRs. Furthermore, different relative permeability curves were obtained when the kr data were measured at different effective stresses. This behavior was explained as the capillary pressure was expected to be more dominant at the higher effective stress. The results from this study improve our understanding of unconventional mechanisms in shale reservoirs. It is evident that the behavior of unconventional reservoirs can be better predicted when more reliable and accurate relative permeability data are available. The outcomes of this study will be useful for accurate determination of such kr data.
Human lung expresses unique gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase transcripts. (1993)

gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2, gamma GT) is a membrane-bound ectoenzyme that plays an important role in the metabolism of glutathione. It is composed of two subunits, both of which are encoded by a common mRNA. We examined the expression of gamma GT in human lung tissue by Northern blot analysis and screening a cDNA library made from human lung poly(A)+ RNA. Our results show that there are two gamma GT mRNA populations in human lung tissue. We define these as group I (2.4 kb) and group II (approximately 1.2 kb) transcripts. In the present communication, we characterize the unique lung transcript. Sequence analysis of representative clones shows that group I transcripts are virtually identical to those previously isolated from liver and placenta but possess a unique 5' untranslated region. In marked contrast, group II transcripts appear to be human-lung-specific. Group II transcripts appear on Northern blots probed with full-length or 3'-biased gamma GT cDNA. Sequence analysis of group II clones shows them to be homologous with group I clones in the region that encodes the reading frame for the light chain; however, they possess a series of unique 5' untranslated regions, which suggests that they arise from lung-specific message processing. Additionally, approximately 50% of the isolated group II clones contain 34 nt substitutions compared with the "wild-type" gamma GT transcripts. These data indicate that human lung expresses unique gamma GT transcripts of unknown function as well as the classical form. The abundant group II transcripts may encode part of a heterodimer related to gamma GT or represent processed lung-specific pseudogenes.
Cobalt atom-carbon monoxide-dioxygen cryochemistry: infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic studies of Co(CO)n(O2) (where n = 1-4) (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCobalt atom-carbon monoxide-dioxygen cryochemistry: infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic studies of Co(CO)n(O2) (where n = 1-4)Geoffrey A. Ozin, A. J. Lee Hanlan, and William J. PowerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1979, 18, 9, 2390–2396Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50199a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50199a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Device models and simulation of high-low doping transition regions and their effects on N-MOSFET circuits (2003)

Parametric models for high-low doping transition algorithms and their DC, AC and transient responses in solid state integrated circuit devices are developed. The model performance characteristics are compared with device-level simulations using MINIMOS 5.2 software. These results show significant discrepancy in equivalent circuit parameters, as compared to that of the intrinsic part of MOSFETs. The discrepancy is more significant for thin film depletion type n-MOSFETs operating in the subthreshold region. The transient and dynamic performance of a depletion type n-channel MOSFET, a device with two high-low doing transition regions, is studied. The analysis predicts a diffusion capacitance of 3.4 pF/ mu m/sup 2/, and a depletion capacitance of 0.2 pF/ mu m/sup 2/ across the high-low transition. The current contribution of the stored charge to the switching response is investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Protein‐induzierte Farbverschiebung von Carotenoiden in β‐Crustacyanin (2015)

Abstract Das Pigment β‐Crustacyanin (β‐CR) verursacht die Farbe des blauen Hummers. Wir zeigen mithilfe korrelierter Ab‐initio‐Rechnungen, wie die Proteinumgebung die Farbe der β‐CR‐Farbstoffe mittels elektrostatischer und sterischer Effekte bestimmt.
In Vitro Effects of Cyclosporine A and Tacrolimus on Regulatory T-Cell Proliferation and Function (2012)

In summary, low doses of cyclosporine inhibit Treg activity, a finding that might explain the beneficial effect of this drug on hepatitis C recurrence. In contrast, by maintaining Treg activity, tacrolimus could be more helpful than cyclosporine in controlling rejection.
A Brief Review of Past INL Work Assessing Radionuclide Content in TMI-2 Melted Fuel Debris: The Use of <sup>144</sup>Ce as a Surrogate for Pu Accountancy (2013)

This report serves as a literature review of prior work performed at Idaho National Laboratory, and its predecessor organizations Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) and Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), studying radionuclide partitioning within the melted fuel debris of the reactor of the Three Mile Island 2 (TMI-2) nuclear power plant. The purpose of this review is to document prior published work that provides supporting evidence of the utility of using 144Ce as a surrogate for plutonium within melted fuel debris. When the TMI-2 accident occurred no quantitative nondestructive analysis (NDA) techniques existed that could assay plutonium in the unconventional wastes from the reactor. However, unpublished work performed at INL by D. W. Akers in the late 1980s through the 1990s demonstrated that passive gamma-ray spectrometry of 144Ce could potentially be used to develop a semi-quantitative correlation for estimating plutonium content in these materials. The fate and transport of radioisotopes in fuel from different regions of the core, including uranium, fission products, and actinides, appear to be well characterized based on the maximum temperature reached by fuel in different parts of the core and the melting point, boiling point, and volatility of those radioisotopes. Also, the chemical interactions between fuel, fuel cladding, control elements, and core structural components appears to have played a large role in determining when and how fuel relocation occurred in the core; perhaps the most important of these reaction appears to be related to the formation of mixed-material alloys, eutectics, in the fuel cladding. Because of its high melting point, low volatility, and similar chemical behavior to plutonium, the element cerium appears to have behaved similarly to plutonium during the evolution of the TMI-2 accident. Anecdotal evidence extrapolated from open-source literature strengthens this logical feasibility for using cerium, which is rather easy to analyze using passive nondestructive analysis gamma-ray spectrometry, as a surrogate for plutonium in the final analysis of TMI-2 melted fuel debris. The generation of this report is motivated by the need to perform nuclear material accountancy measurements on the melted fuel debris that will be excavated from the damaged nuclear reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan, which were destroyed by the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011. Lessons may be taken from prior U.S. work related to the study of the TMI-2 core debris to support the development of new assay methods for use at Fukushima Daiichi. While significant differences exist between the two reactor systems (pressurized water reactor (TMI-2) versus boiling water reactor (FD), fresh water post-accident cooing (TMI-2) versus salt water (FD), maintained containment (TMI-2) versus loss of containment (FD)) there remain sufficient similarities to motivate these comparisons.
Simulation Studies of the Effects of Small Sample Size and Studied Item Parameters on SIBTEST and Mantel‐Haenszel Type I Error Performance (1996)

Two simulation studies investigated Type I error performance of two statistical procedures for detecting differential item functioning (DIF): SIBTEST and Mantel‐Haenszel (MH). Because MH and SIBTEST are based on asymptotic distributions requiring “large” numbers of examinees, the first study examined Type 1 error for small sample sizes. No significant Type I error inflation occurred for either procedure. Because MH has the potential for Type I error inflation for non‐Rasch models, the second study used a markedly non‐Rasch test and systematically varied the shape and location of the studied item. When differences in distribution across examinee group of the measured ability were present, both procedures displayed inflated Type 1 error for certain items; MH displayed the greater inflation. Also, both procedures displayed statistically biased estimation of the zero DIF for certain items, though SIBTEST displayed much less than MH. When no latent distributional differences were present, both procedures performed satisfactorily under all conditions.
First Examples of a HighlyStereoselective Passerini Reaction: A New Access to EnantiopureMandelamides (2003)

Achiral benzaldehydes and isocyanides could be transformed enantioselectively in a Passerini three-component reaction to chiral mandelamides by using a galacturonic acid derivative as chiral inducer.
An Assay Based on SAMDI Mass Spectrometry for Profiling Protein Interaction Domains (2017)

This paper describes an assay that can profile the binding of a protein to ligands and can rank the affinities of a library of ligands. The method is based on the enhanced rate of an enzyme-mediated reaction that follows from colocalization of the enzyme and substrate by a protein-ligand interaction. This assay uses a self-assembled monolayer that presents a candidate peptide ligand for a receptor and a peptide substrate for an enzyme. The receptor is prepared as a fusion to the relevant enzyme so that binding of the receptor to the immobilized ligand brings the enzyme to the surface, where it can more rapidly modify its substrate. The extent of conversion of the substrate to product is therefore a measure of the average time the ligand-receptor complex is present and is quantified using the SAMDI mass spectrometry technique. The approach is used to profile the binding of chromodomain proteins to methylated lysine peptides derived from the histone 3 protein. The relative affinities for the peptide ligands found in this work agreed with results from prior studies. Additionally, this work revealed cross-talk interactions whereby phosphorylation of certain residues impaired binding of chromodomains to the peptide ligands. The method presented here, which we term protein interaction by SAMDI (PI-SAMDI), has the advantages that it is applicable to low-affinity interactions because the complexes are not observed directly, but rather leave a "covalent record" of the interaction that is measured with mass spectrometry and because it is compatible with laboratory automation for high-throughput analysis.
Attrition in Otolaryngology Residency (2011)

Attrition is a disruptive problem in residency training programs. Resident attrition has been more thoroughly investigated and reported in other medical fields with limited data specific to otolaryngology. Using a Web-based survey of otolaryngology residency program directors, information regarding a 5-year cohort of residents was collected. The survey response rate was 61% (59 of 97 programs), representing 779 of 1239 training positions (63%). Forty-two percent of responding programs (25 of 59) lost a total of 47 residents (range, 1-7; mode 1). The overall attrition rate was 6% for the 5-year cohort (47 of 779) or 1.2% annually. Involuntary attrition affected 6 residents. Eighteen residents voluntarily left for other medical programs. Four left medicine entirely. The remaining 19 residents' career paths were not described. Attrition within otolaryngology occurs with less frequency than general surgery and is likely comparable to other surgical subspecialties.
Front-end impact on candidate air interfaces in a 60GHz wireless communication channel (2006)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Energy Aware Traffic Load Balancing in Mobile Networks (2017)

This chapter discusses traffic load balancing schemes that optimize network utilities, for example, average traffic delivery latency and green energy utilization. It first presents Intelligent Cell brEathing (ICE) to minimize the maximal EDRs of LBSs, thus maximizing the utilization of green energy at each stage. Then, the chapter considers a heterogeneous network with multiple MBSs and SCBSs. Both the MBSs and SCBSs are powered by on-grid power and green energy. The chapter considers solar power as the green energy source. It focuses on balancing the downlink traffic loads among BSs by designing a green energy and latency aware user association scheme. The chapter adopts a software-defined radio access network (SoftRAN) architecture in which all BSs are controlled by the RAN controller (RANC). It also investigates traffic load balancing in backhaul constrained cache-enabled small cell networks with hybrid power supplies, and optimizes the BS traffic load and power distribution for mobile networks powered by smart grid.
Benzimidazole and Benzoxazole Zinc Chelators as Inhibitors of Metallo‐β‐Lactamase NDM‐1 (2020)

Bacterial expression of β-lactamases, which hydrolyze β-lactam antibiotics, contributes to the growing threat of antibacterial drug resistance. Metallo-β-lactamases, such as NDM-1, use catalytic zinc ions in their active sites and hydrolyze nearly all clinically available β-lactam antibiotics. Inhibitors of metallo-β-lactamases are urgently needed to overcome this resistance mechanism. Zinc-binding compounds are promising leads for inhibitor development, as many NDM-1 inhibitors contain zinc-binding pharmacophores. Here, we evaluated 13 chelating agents containing benzimidazole and benzoxazole scaffolds as NDM-1 inhibitors. Six of the compounds showed potent inhibitory activity with IC<sub>50</sub> values as low as 0.38 μM, and several compounds restored the meropenem susceptibility of NDM-1-expressing E. coli. Spectroscopic and docking studies suggest ternary complex formation as the mechanism of inhibition, making these compounds promising for development as NDM-1 inhibitors.
Transposable Elements in Antirrhinum majus and Zea mays (1984)

The decorative red and white variegated flowers of Antirrhinum majus mutants caught the fancy of such researchers as Charles Darwin (1868) and Hugo de Vries (1901) at the turn of the century. Now, 100 years later, we are beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
An open-label multiyear study of sargramostim-treated Parkinson’s disease patients examining drug safety, tolerability, and immune biomarkers from limited case numbers (2023)

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03790670, Date of Registration: 01/02/2019, URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03790670?cond=leukine+parkinson%27s&draw=2&rank=2 .
An Upstream Open Reading Frame Regulates LST1 Expression during Monocyte Differentiation (2014)

The regulation of gene expression depends on the interplay of multiple factors at the transcriptional and translational level. Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) play an important role as translational repressors of main ORFs and their presence or usage in transcripts can be regulated by different mechanisms. The main objective of the present study was to assess whether uORFs regulate the expression of the MHC class III gene LST1. We report that expression of LST1 is tightly regulated by alternative transcription initiation and the presence of an uORF in the 5'-UTR of transcripts. Specifically, using EGFP reporter constructs in human HeLa and HEK-293T cells and flow cytometry as well as western blot analysis we found the uORF to reduce the expression of the main ORF by roughly two-thirds. Furthermore, we were able to correlate a previously detected increase in LST1 protein expression during monocyte differentiation with an increase of transcription initiation at an alternative exon that does not contain an uORF.
Efficacy and Safety of Maintenance Ustekinumab for Ulcerative Colitis Through 3 Years: UNIFI Long-term Extension (2022)

Efficacy of ustekinumab in patients with ulcerative colitis was confirmed through 3 years. No new safety signals were observed.
Bypassing Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer with Small Molecules that Target Androgen Receptor–Chromatin Interactions (2017)

Human androgen receptor (AR) is a hormone-activated transcription factor that is an important drug target in the treatment of prostate cancer. Current small-molecule AR antagonists, such as enzalutamide, compete with androgens that bind to the steroid-binding pocket of the AR ligand-binding domain (LBD). In castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), drug resistance can manifest through AR-LBD mutations that convert AR antagonists into agonists, or by expression of AR variants lacking the LBD. Such treatment resistance underscores the importance of novel ways of targeting the AR. Previously, we reported the development of a series of small molecules that were rationally designed to selectively target the AR DNA-binding domain (DBD) and, hence, to directly interfere with AR-DNA interactions. In the current work, we have confirmed that the lead AR DBD inhibitor indeed directly interacts with the AR-DBD and tested that substance across multiple clinically relevant CRPC cell lines. We have also performed a series of experiments that revealed that genome-wide chromatin binding of AR was dramatically impacted by the lead compound (although with lesser effect on AR variants). Collectively, these observations confirm the novel mechanism of antiandrogen action of the developed AR-DBD inhibitors, establishing proof of principle for targeting DBDs of nuclear receptors in endocrine cancers. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2281-91. ©2017 AACR</i>.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Enantioselective Route to Either Enantiomer of Both α‐ and β‐Amino Acid Derivatives. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quench time lag and its statistical characteristics of NbTi mechanical PCS measured with pulsed current (1999)

This paper describes quench time lag characteristics of NbTi mechanical PCS through which pulsed current flows. The quench of the mechanical PCS takes place when the switch current is slowly increased and exceeds a critical value I/sub T0/. On the other hand, quench of the PCS through which pulsed current flows does not occur at the moment of the instantaneous current exceeding I/sub T0/, but takes place after a time delay T/sub D/. The quench time lag T/sub D/ depends on rise time and peak value of the pulsed current I/sub p/. A theoretical model is proposed to show that T/sub D/ corresponds to time in which a superconducting connection bridge is heated up to a critical temperature mainly by flux flow loss. T/sub D/ sharply fluctuates when I/sub p/ is just over the static critical current I/sub T0/, but remarkably decreases when I/sub p/ is further increased. It is found that statistical characteristics of T/sub D/ are well fitted to the Weibull distribution function.
SOFC Anodes for Direct Oxidation of Alcohols at Intermediate Temperatures (2007)

Anode electrodes with suitable performance towards the direct oxidation of alcohols avoiding the reforming step are presented in this paper. The reforming process increases the complexity of the whole device and increases the cost. It is shown the synthesis of nanoparticles that are used for the fabrication of button cells suitable to be used with alcohols as anodic fuel, avoiding preliminary reforming operation unit. Also, it is investigated the theoretical thermodynamic conditions and correlated with the electrochemical performance