gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fixed-combination and emerging glaucoma therapies (2007)

Ocular hypotensive agents are the only approved pharmacotherapy for glaucoma. Despite significant advances during the past two decades, a large proportion of glaucoma patients require more than one drug. The most recent additions to the armamentarium of antiglaucoma drugs are fixed-combination products for the glaucoma patient who is insufficiently responsive to monotherapy. Fixed-combination products have the combined efficacy of two ocular hypotensive drugs, and the convenience of a two-drug treatment regimen in a single container, which may aid patient adherence to treatment. Available fixed-combination products consist of timolol 0.5% as an invariant with brimonidine 0.2%, dorzolamide 2%, travoprost 0.004%, latanoprost 0.005% or bimatoprost 0.03%. Research on more advanced antiglaucoma medications continues. Promising new directions appear to be the Rho-kinase inhibitors, microtubule-disrupting agents, serotonergics and cannabimimetics. Efforts continue to improve existing antiglaucoma drugs in an attempt to design second-generation cholinomimetics, adrenergics, prostaglandins and prostamides.
Freezing Characteristics of Isolated Pig and Human Hepatocytes (1997)

The cellular response of isolated hepatocytes from pigs, humans, and human hepatoblastoma cells to freezing was characterized using cryomicroscopy and analyzed using a thermodynamic model for water transport and Intracellular Ice Formation (IIF). The value for the reference permeability, L pg , was found to be 5.8(10) -13 , 1.62(10) 13 , and 2.7(10)- 14 m/Ns for pig, human, and Hep G2/C3A cells, respectively. The activation energy, E lp , was found to be 480 kJ/mol for pig hepatocytes, 216 kJ/mol for human, and 121 kJ/mol for Hep G2/C3A cells. The average temperature at which IIF (T avg IIF ) occurs was calculated to be -7.24 + 2.3°C for pig hepatocytes, -8.5 + 2.6°C for human hepatocytes, and -9.6 + 4.5°C for Hep G2/C3A cells. These results indicate that the freezing characteristics of pig and human cells are distinct and that the specific freezing characteristics need to be understood for the development of appropriate freezing protocols.
Identification of New Protein-Protein Interactions Involving the Products of the Chromosome- and Plasmid-Encoded Type IV Secretion Loci of the PhytopathogenXanthomonas axonopodispv. citri (2005)

The recently sequenced genome of the bacterial plant pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri contains two virB gene clusters, one on the chromosome and one on a 64-kb plasmid, each of which codes for a previously uncharacterized type IV secretion system (T4SS). Here we used a yeast two-hybrid assay to identify protein-protein interactions in these two systems. Our results revealed interactions between known T4SS components as well as previously uncharacterized interactions involving hypothetical proteins coded by open reading frames in the two X. axonopodis pv. citri virB loci. Our results indicate that both loci may code for previously unidentified VirB7 proteins, which we show interact with either VirB6 or VirB9 or with a hypothetical protein coded by the same locus. Furthermore, a set of previously uncharacterized Xanthomonas proteins have been found to interact with VirD4, whose gene is adjacent to the chromosomal virB locus. The gene for one member of this family is found within the chromosomal virB locus. All these uncharacterized proteins possess a conserved 120-amino-acid domain in their C termini and may represent a family of cofactors or substrates of the Xanthomonas T4SS.
P‐166: An Electrophoretic LCD with Selective Reflection (2008)

Abstract Here is presented a novel electrophoretic display, which employs a suspension of pigments in liquid crystals. The dielectric anisotropy of the LC medium allows the switching with threshold and video rate. The use of a helical LC with electrophoretically controlled selective reflection enables optical performance with high contrast and reflectivity.
Distributed Kalman Filtering over Massive Data Sets: Analysis Through Large Deviations of Random Riccati Equations (2014)

This paper studies the convergence of the estimation error process and the characterization of the corresponding invariant measure in distributed Kalman filtering for potentially unstable and large linear dynamic systems. A gossip network protocol termed Modified Gossip Interactive Kalman Filtering (M-GIKF) is proposed, where sensors exchange their filtered states (estimates and error covariances) and propagate their observations via inter-sensor communications of rate $\overlineγ$; $\overlineγ$ is defined as the averaged number of inter-sensor message passages per signal evolution epoch. The filtered states are interpreted as stochastic particles swapped through local interaction. The paper shows that the conditional estimation error covariance sequence at each sensor under M-GIKF evolves as a random Riccati equation (RRE) with Markov modulated switching. By formulating the RRE as a random dynamical system, it is shown that the network achieves weak consensus, i.e., the conditional estimation error covariance at a randomly selected sensor converges weakly (in distribution) to a unique invariant measure. Further, it is proved that as $\overlineγ \rightarrow \infty$ this invariant measure satisfies the Large Deviation (LD) upper and lower bounds, implying that this measure converges exponentially fast (in probability) to the Dirac measure $δ_{P^*}$, where $P^*$ is the stable error covariance of the centralized (Kalman) filtering setup. The LD results answer a fundamental question on how to quantify the rate at which the distributed scheme approaches the centralized performance as the inter-sensor communication rate increases.
ChemInform Abstract: β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Amino Acid δ‐Lactones. Precursors for Polyhydroxy Amino Acids. (1989)

Abstract The xylal (I) is rearranged to form the anomers (III) and (IV) which are the starting materials for the preparation of various amido derivatives.
Online Pattern Recognition and Data Correction of PMU Data Under GPS Spoofing Attack (2020)

Smart grids are increasingly dependent on data with the rapid development of communication and measurement. As one of the important data sources of smart grids, phasor measurement unit (PMU) is facing the high risk from attacks. Compared with cyber attacks, global position system (GPS) spoofing attacks (GSAs) are easier to implement because they can be exploited by portable devices, without the need to access the physical system. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method for pattern recognition of GSA and an additional function of the proposed method is the data correction to the phase angle difference (PAD) deviation. Specifically, this paper analyzes the effect of GSA on PMU measurement and gives two common patterns of GSA, i.e., the step attack and the ramp attack. Then, the method of estimating the PAD deviation across a transmission line introduced by GSA is proposed, which does not require the line parameters. After obtaining the estimated PAD deviations, the pattern of GSA can be recognized by hypothesis tests and correlation coefficients according to the statistical characteristics of the estimated PAD deviations. Finally, with the case studies, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated, and the success rate of the pattern recognition and the online performance of the proposed method are analyzed.
Total Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemical Assignment of Kibdelone C (2011)

Kibdelones are hexacyclic tetrahydroxanthones and potent anticancer agents isolated from an Australian microbe. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a chiral, nonracemic iodocyclohexene carboxylate EF ring fragment of the kibdelones employing an intramolecular iodo halo-Michael aldol reaction and its merger with an ABCD ring fragment to afford the congener kibdelone C.
Tuning MPL signaling to influence hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and inhibit essential thrombocythemia progenitors (2020)

Thrombopoietin (TPO) and the TPO-receptor (TPO-R, or c-MPL) are essential for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and megakaryocyte differentiation. Agents that can modulate TPO-R signaling are highly desirable for both basic research and clinical utility. We developed a series of surrogate protein ligands for TPO-R, in the form of diabodies (DBs), that homodimerize TPO-R on the cell surface in geometries that are dictated by the DB receptor binding epitope, in effect "tuning" downstream signaling responses. These surrogate ligands exhibit diverse pharmacological properties, inducing graded signaling outputs, from full to partial TPO agonism, thus decoupling the dual functions of TPO/TPO-R. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and HSC self-renewal assays we find that partial agonistic diabodies preserved the stem-like properties of cultured HSCs, but also blocked oncogenic colony formation in essential thrombocythemia (ET) through inverse agonism. Our data suggest that dampening downstream TPO signaling is a powerful approach not only for HSC preservation in culture, but also for inhibiting oncogenic signaling through the TPO-R.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Patients with Slowly Proliferative Early Breast Cancer Have Low Five-Year Recurrence Rates in a Phase III Adjuvant Trial of Capecitabine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1: Forest plot of hazard ratios by subgroup in the ITT population (planned analysis) for (A) DFS and (B) OS&lt;/p&gt;
The Three Pillars of Machine-Based Programming. (2018)

In this position paper, we describe our vision of the future of machine-based programming through a categorical examination of three pillars of research. Those pillars are: (i) intention, (ii) invention, and(iii) adaptation. Intention emphasizes advancements in the human-to-computer and computer-to-machine-learning interfaces. Invention emphasizes the creation or refinement of algorithms or core hardware and software building blocks through machine learning (ML). Adaptation emphasizes advances in the use of ML-based constructs to autonomously evolve software.
Neurofilament cross-bridging competes with kinesin-dependent association of neurofilaments with microtubules (2009)

The phosphorylation of neurofilaments (NFs) has long been considered to regulate their axonal transport rate and in doing so to provide stability to mature axons. Axons contain a centrally situated ;bundle' of closely opposed phospho-NFs that display a high degree of NF-NF associations and phospho-epitopes, surrounded by less phosphorylated ;individual' NFs that are often associated with kinesin and microtubules (MTs). Bundled NFs transport substantially slower than the surrounding individual NFs and might represent a resident population that stabilizes axons and undergoes replacement by individual NFs. To examine this possibility, fractions enriched in bundled NFs and individual NFs were generated from mice and NB2a/d1 cells by sedimentation of cytoskeletons over a sucrose cushion. More kinesin was recovered within individual versus bundled NF fractions. Individual but not bundled NFs aligned with purified MTs under cell-free conditions. The percentage of NFs that aligned with MTs was increased by the addition of kinesin, and inhibited by anti-kinesin antibodies. Bundles dissociated following incubation with EGTA or alkaline phosphatase, generating individual NFs that retained or were depleted of phospho-epitopes, respectively. These dissociated NFs aligned with MTs at a level identical to those originally isolated as individual NFs regardless of phosphorylation state. EGTA-mediated dissociation of bundles was prevented and reversed by excess Ca(2+), whereas individual NFs did not associate in the presence of excess Ca(2+). These findings confirm that bundling competes with NF-MT association, and provide a mechanism by which C-terminal NF phosphorylation might indirectly contribute to the observed slowing in axonal transport of phospho-NFs.
A novel tetracyclic ring system. 10H‐tetrazolo[5′,1′:3,4][1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐b]indole (1980)

Abstract The reaction of 3‐hydrazino‐1,2,4‐triazino[5,6‐ b ]indole with nitrous acid affords a novel tetracyclic ring system: 10 H ‐tetrazolo[5′,1′:3,4][1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐ b ]indole. The mode of cyclization has been discussed.
IGZO-Based Compute Cell for Analog In-Memory Computing—DTCO Analysis to Enable Ultralow-Power AI at Edge (2020)

We propose, for the first time, an indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)-based 2T1C compute cell (IGZO-cell) for analog in-memory computing. To assess the impact of an IGZO-cell-based array including the periphery on power and accuracy, a PyTorch framework was developed to analytically modeled analog components. The results are reported for a ResNet20 network on the Canadian Institute For Advanced Research-10 (CIFAR-10) benchmark. The state-of-the-art energy efficiency of 15 peta operations per second (POPS)/W including the periphery is achieved by using our proposed IGZO-cell with CMOS compatibility. Finally, it is shown that, with a properly trained neural network model, there is no degradation of test accuracy with 10% device to device variability for the IGZO devices.
On Coupling a Lumped-Parameter Heart Model With a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of the Aorta (2007)

Aortic pressure and flow result from the interaction between the ventricle and the arterial circulation. However, prior three-dimensional simulations of aortic blood flow have either assumed a prescribed velocity profile at the inlet or have computed aortic flow and pressure using an upstream heart model implemented with an explicit approach. In this work, we describe an implicit approach which strongly couples a lumped-parameter heart model with a three-dimensional finite element model of the vascular system. We demonstrate that this approach can be used to compute physiologically-realistic blood flow and pressure waves in three-dimensional arterial models and study the interactions between the heart and the vascular system.
Electrically Tunable Mid-Infrared Extraordinary Optical Transmission Gratings. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
(CL-139)THE EFFECTS OF ANIONIC POLAR AND ZWITTERIONIC PHOSPHOLIPIDS ON THE TEAR FILM LIPID LAYER (2000)

1Ocular Research of Boston, Boston, MA; 2Schepens Eye Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; 3Midwestern University, Chicago, IL.
Static deep error checking in large system applications using parfait (2011)

In this paper, we introduce Parfait, a static bug-checking tool for C/C++ applications. Parfait achieves precision and scalability at the same time by employing a layered program analysis framework. In Parfait, different analyses varying in precision and runtime expense can be invoked on demand to detect defects of a specific type, effectively achieving higher precision with smaller runtime overheads. Several production organizations within Oracle have started to integrate Parfait into their development process. Feedback from various production teams suggests that it is precise and scalable: the tool is able to analyze the OpenSolarisTM operating system and network consolidation (ON) with more than 6 million lines of code in 1 hour, and report thousands of defects with a false positive rate of close to 10%.
Dependence of Dye Regeneration and Charge Collection on the Pore‐Filling Fraction in Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

Solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells rely on effective infiltration of a solid‐state hole‐transporting material into the pores of a nanoporous TiO 2 network to allow for dye regeneration and hole extraction. Using microsecond transient absorption spectroscopy and femtosecond photoluminescence upconversion spectroscopy, the hole‐transfer yield from the dye to the hole‐transporting material 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis( N,N ‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9'‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) is shown to rise rapidly with higher pore‐filling fractions as the dye‐coated pore surface is increasingly covered with hole‐transporting material. Once a pore‐filling fraction of ≈30% is reached, further increases do not significantly change the hole‐transfer yield. Using simple models of infiltration of spiro‐OMeTAD into the TiO 2 porous network, it is shown that this pore‐filling fraction is less than the amount required to cover the dye surface with at least a single layer of hole‐transporting material, suggesting that charge diffusion through the dye monolayer network precedes transfer to the hole‐transporting material. Comparison of these results with device parameters shows that improvements of the power‐conversion efficiency beyond ≈30% pore filling are not caused by a higher hole‐transfer yield, but by a higher charge‐collection efficiency, which is found to occur in steps. The observed sharp onsets in photocurrent and power‐conversion efficiencies with increasing pore‐filling fraction correlate well with percolation theory, predicting the points of cohesive pathway formation in successive spiro‐OMeTAD layers adhered to the pore walls. From percolation theory it is predicted that, for standard mesoporous TiO 2 with 20 nm pore size, the photocurrent should show no further improvement beyond an ≈83% pore‐filling fraction.
Differentiation of T‐helper lymphocytes: selective regulation by members of the STAT family of transcription factors (1996)

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) control the differentiation of T-helper cells. Here we summarize studies which investigate the mechanism by which these cytokines selectively reprogramme gene expression in T-lymphocytes. Cytokine stimulation leads to the phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues within the intracellular domain of the corresponding cytokine receptor. These phosphotyrosines serve as docking sites for latent, cytoplasmic transcription factors known as signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) proteins. Receptor/Stat interaction is mediated by the src homology 2 (SH2) domain of the corresponding Stat protein. Although Stat binding to the intracellular domain of the cytokine receptor strongly depends on the phosphotyrosine residue, the recruitment of a specific Stat protein is dictated by amino acid residues C-terminal to the phosphotyrosine. Specific docking sites within individual cytokine receptors have been identified for almost all Stat proteins. The direct coupling between cytokine receptor and transcription factor helps to explain how different cytokines elicit distinct patterns of gene expression.
Intraoperative open lung condition and postoperative pulmonary complications. A secondary analysis of iPROVE and iPROVE‐O2 trials (2021)

Registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT02158923 (iPROVE), NCT02776046 (iPROVE-O2).
ChemInform Abstract: ACYCLIC STEREOSELECTION. 29. STEREOSELECTION IN THE MICHAEL ADDITION REACTION. 1. THE MUKAIYAMA‐MICHAEL REACTION (1985)

Abstract Die Stereoselektion der Lewissäure‐katalysierten Titelreaktion zwischen den Enolsilanen (I) bzw. Silylketenacetalen (II) einerseits und verschiedenen Enonen (III) bzw. (VII) andererseits wird untersucht: Die Enolsilane (I) zeigen unabhängig von ihrer Stereostruktur [d.h.
Adaptive control of a static multiple input multiple output system (2000)

This paper introduces a control scheme that incorporates adaptive learning and optimization in a closed loop system. An estimated Jacobian that identifies a plants characteristics is obtained using Kalman filter estimation. The obtained Jacobian is used to solve a constrained optimization problem to determine the optimal change in control parameters; this approach is compared to a previously presented approach that utilizes the pseudo inverse of the Jacobian to calculate the input control. Adaptive control schemes of complex, nonlinear systems are in general sensitive to initial conditions, and may not converge for all initial conditions. To overcome this problem a rule-base of "good" initial conditions are stored and used whenever the control starts to diverge.
Bipolar Diffusion Charging of Aerosol Particles Under High Particle/Ion Concentration Ratios (1989)

The bipolar diffusion charging of aerosol particles in the transition and continuum regimes was studied theoretically and experimentally under the conditions of high particle / ion concentration ratios. The basic equations for the bipolar diffusion charging of monodisperse and polydisperse aerosols were numerically solved for geometric mean diameters of 0.01–1.0 μm, geometric standard deviations of 1–2, and for various concentrations of bipolar ions. From the calculation results presented in terms of dimensionless parameters, the ion number concentrations and charging times required to attain the equilibrium charge distributions were determined. In the experiment, the changes in the particle charge distribution and ion number concentration in the flow-type chamber were measured for various particle number concentrations, ion generation rates, and residence times. For bipolar ion generation rates > 3.5 × 1011 m−3 s−1, the experimental results were found to agree with the theoretical predictions. For smaller ion generation rates, however, the particles were not charged as predicted by theory.
CAMERAS AND MACHINE VISION TO SUPPORT ROUGH TERRAIN CONTAINER HANDLER OPERATIONS (2024)

&lt;title&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;The effective and safe use of Rough Terrain Cargo Handlers is severely hampered by the operator’s view being obstructed. This results in the inability to see a) in front of the vehicle while driving, b) where to set a carried container, and c) where to maneuver the vehicles top handler in order to engage with cargo containers. We present an analysis of these difficulties along with specific solutions to address these challenges that go beyond the non-technical solution currently used, including the placement of sensors and the use of image analysis. These solutions address the use of perception to support autonomy, drive assist, active safety, and logistics.&lt;/p&gt;
The SPIDER concept: A Cyber Range as a Service platform (2020)

The evolving cyber security threat landscape along with the extensive application of the 5G technology in various sectors brings together several cyber security concerns. To that extent, there is an apparent need for appropriate testing and training before the massive commercial deployment of 5G. The SPIDER platform proposes an innovative Cyber Range as a Service (CRaaS) platform that extends and combines the capabilities of existing telecommunication testbeds and cyber ranges into a unified facility for (i) testing new security technologies, (ii) training modern cyber defenders in near real-world conditions, and (iii) supporting organizations and relevant stakeholders in making optimal cybersecurity investment decisions.