gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films and Solar Cells Fabricated from Quaternary Cu-Zn-Sn-S Target (2013)

CZTS thin films were fabricated through sputtering from a quaternary Cu-Zn-Sn-S target, followed by a sulfurization process. CZTS thin-film solar cells were also fabricated and a highest efficiency of 4.04&#x25; was achieved. It has been found that obvious Zn loss occurs during the sputtering and poorly crystallized CZTS are formed in the sputtered films. The Zn loss leads to the appearance of SnS. A sulfurization process can obviously improve the crystallinity of CZTS and films with grain size of several hundred nanometers can be obtained after sulfurization. The optical band gap of the films is estimated to be 1.57&#x2009;eV. The electrical properties of the 4.04&#x25; efficient solar cell were investigated and it has been found that cell has obvious deficiency in minority carrier lifetime. This deficiency should be responsible for the low <svg style="vertical-align:-3.39064pt;width:18.012501px;" id="M1" height="15.4" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 18.012501 15.4" width="18.012501" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path id="x1D43D" d="M434 650l-5 -28q-60 -8 -75 -20.5t-25 -69.5l-71 -395q-20 -107 -57.5 -168t-106.5 -94q-40 -18 -61 -20l-10 32q77 23 113 108q21 50 41 160l68 377q10 57 -1.5 69.5t-76.5 20.5l6 28h261z" /></g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,7.825,15.187)"><path id="x73" d="M319 325l-25 -7q-33 99 -103 99q-29 0 -47 -19.5t-18 -49.5t22 -49.5t62 -36.5q63 -26 95 -57t32 -79q0 -64 -50 -101t-115 -37q-35 0 -67.5 10.5t-46.5 23.5q-5 11 -11 51t-6 67l27 5q14 -53 46.5 -88.5t75.5 -35.5q29 0 50 19.5t21 50.5t-19.5 51.5t-59.5 39.5&#xA;q-28 12 -46 22.5t-38.5 27t-30.5 38.5t-10 49q0 54 42.5 92t109.5 38q48 0 88 -18q6 -15 13 -50.5t9 -55.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.287,15.187)"><path id="x63" d="M390 111l17 -21q-34 -45 -80 -73.5t-89 -28.5q-91 0 -146 62t-55 147q0 118 101 195q74 57 149 57h1q59 0 90 -27q16 -14 16 -30q0 -15 -12 -29t-21 -14q-8 0 -19 11q-44 41 -101 41q-52 0 -87.5 -42.5t-35.5 -117.5q0 -49 15 -87t39 -58t49 -30t48 -10q33 0 60.5 12&#xA;t60.5 43z" /></g> </svg> and low <svg style="vertical-align:-3.39064pt;width:24.575001px;" id="M2" height="15.4" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24.575001 15.4" width="24.575001" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path id="x1D449" d="M730 650l-8 -28q-52 -4 -72 -18t-64 -77q-79 -113 -321 -539h-33l-119 541q-13 59 -29.5 73t-66.5 20l7 28h245l-8 -28l-28 -5q-33 -6 -40.5 -15.5t-0.5 -38.5l102 -450h2q191 320 246 430q21 42 15.5 56t-43.5 19l-31 4l7 28h240z" /></g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.675,15.187)"><path id="x6F" d="M257 449q92 0 154 -65t62 -158q0 -112 -67 -175t-150 -63q-98 0 -158.5 66.5t-60.5 154.5q0 59 21 106.5t54.5 75.5t71 43t73.5 15zM244 416q-48 0 -81 -47t-33 -128q0 -96 38 -158t99 -62q51 0 82 43.5t31 139.5q0 91 -36 151.5t-100 60.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,18.85,15.187)"><use xlink:href="#x63"/></g> </svg> of our cell.
Who should see eye casualties?: a comparison of eye care in an accident and emergency department with a dedicated eye casualty. (1995)

Emergency care for eye complaints is provided both by accident and emergency (A&E) departments as well as by dedicated eye casualty departments. This study examines the role of each type of department and the quality of eye care provided. Significant differences were found between the accident and emergency department and the eye casualty department in the history, examination and management of eye patients. Most notably, there were significant differences in the quality of the assessment in the two institutions. Overall 19% (19/100) of A&E records had an inadequate history, compared with 2% (1/50) for eye casualty records. Fifty-nine per cent (59/100) of A&E records contained a significant examination omission, compared with only 8% (4/50) of eye casualty records. Most of the omissions related to a failure to perform an adequate, yet simple, ocular examination including failure to record visual acuity. In 44% (44-100) of A&E cases visual acuity was not recorded or recorded incorrectly. In comparison acuity omissions in eye casualty were present in only 4% (2/50) of cases.
SDM for power-efficient undersea transmission (2018)

We discuss SDM as a method for significant capacity increase in undersea transmission while managing optical power efficiently. We show the existence of power efficiency optimum and review experimental demonstrations.
Effects of Phase Aberration and Phase Aberration Correction on the Minimum Variance Beamformer (2017)

The minimum variance (MV) beamformer has the potential to enhance the resolution and contrast of ultrasound images but is sensitive to steering vector errors. Robust MV beamformers have been proposed but mainly evaluated in the presence of gross sound speed mismatches, and the impact of phase aberration correction (PAC) methods in mitigating the effects of phase aberration in MV beamformed images has not been explored. In this study, an analysis of the effects of aberration on conventional MV and eigenspace MV (ESMV) beamformers is carried out. In addition, the impact of three PAC algorithms on the performance of MV beamforming is analyzed. The different beamformers were tested on simulated data and on experimental data corrupted with electronic and tissue-based aberration. It is shown that all gains in performance of the MV beamformer with respect to delay-and-sum (DAS) are lost at high aberration strengths. For instance, with an electronic aberration of 60 ns, the lateral resolution of DAS degrades by 17% while MV degrades by 73% with respect to the images with no aberration. Moreover, although ESMV shows robustness at low aberration levels, its degradation at higher aberrations is approximately the same as that of regular MV. It is also shown that basic PAC methods improve the aberrated MV beamformer. For example, in the case of electronic aberration, multi-lag reduces degradation in lateral resolution from 73% to 28% and contrast loss from 85% to 25%. These enhancements allow the combination of MV and PAC to outperform DAS and PAC and ESMV in moderate and strong aberrations. We conclude that the effect of aberration on the MV beamformer is stronger than previously reported in the literature and that PAC is needed to improve its clinical potential.
Antigenic characterization of Pneumocystis carinii. (1998)

Studies of Pneumocystis carinii have been limited by our inability to propagate it in continuous culture. In this context, studies of P. carinii antigens have provided significant insight into the biology of this organism. The mannose-rich surface major surface glycoprotein of P. carinii termed glycoprotein A (gpA) is the best studied of these P. carinii antigens. Significant genetic and immunologic diversity exists between the gpA molecules expressed by P. carinii derived from different mammalian sources. The molecular and biochemical nature of gpA and other P. carinii antigens including p55 are reviewed. In addition, available information concerning the role of P. carinii gpA and other antigens in host-organism interactions are also discussed.
Antibodies to peptides corresponding to a conserved sequence of gonococcal pilins block bacterial adhesion. (1985)

Antisera generated against each of seven synthetic peptides corresponding to constant and variable sequences of the pilin from gonococcal strain MS11 were assayed for their ability to crossreact with intact pili from both homologous and heterologous strains. The peptides elicited roughly equal antipeptide responses but varied substantially in their ability to elicit antisera that crossreacted with intact pili. Of the antisera to peptides corresponding to regions of conserved sequence, antisera directed against residues 69-84 were the most efficient in binding pili from all strains tested in both solid-phase assays and immunoblots. Anti-69-84 also efficiently precipitated a tryptic fragment of pilin known to bind human endocervical cells. Sera against the two peptides (121-134 and 135-151) previously shown to contain strain-specific epitopes crossreacted with MS11 pili equally well, but differed in their ability to bind pili from heterologous strains. Anti-121-134 was strain-specific whereas anti-135-151 bound all pilin tested. Each of the sera was examined for its ability to inhibit bacterial adhesion to a human endometrial carcinoma cell line. Sera generated against residues 41-50 and 69-84 successfully inhibited a heterologous gonococcal strain from binding. These peptides could be important components of an effective vaccine for the prevention of gonorrhea.
Ultrafast Infrared Vibrational Nanoscopy: Imaging Structure, Coupling and Dynamics on the Molecular Scale (2019)

We demonstrate spatio-temporal-spectral nano-imaging through vibrational heterodyne pump-probe infrared scattering scanning near-field optical miscroscopy (HPP IR s-SNOM), revealing the coupled electronic and molecular structural dynamics in a triple cation perovskite film.
Halal dating: Changing relationship attitudes and experiences among young British Muslims (2019)

Young Muslims in the UK are making space to gain greater control over their personal lives through the diction of ‘halal’ and ‘haram’ when reflecting on and negotiating personal relationships. This article explores the significance of ‘halal dating’ within the lived experiences and sexual relationships of young British Muslims. It draws upon 56 in-depth interviews conducted with young (16–30 years) British Muslims of Pakistani heritage. This research shows that, contrary to popular stereotype and widespread expectations, many young British Muslims do date, or have dated. By entertaining the idea that certain forms of dating may be halal, these young Muslims are finding and claiming agency to make relationship choices of their own.
Induction of remission with extended MMXTM mesalamine therapy: time to resolution of UC symptoms (2008)

PurposeThe efficacy of mesalamine with MMXTM technology (MMX mesalamine) for the induction of remission was recently investigated in two placebo-controlled phase III trials in patients with active, mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC; parent studies; SPD476-301 [Lichtenstein et al. 2007] and -302 [Kamm et al. 2007]). Of the patients who were not able to achieve clinical and endoscopic remission during these 8-week studies, and who agreed to continue treatment with high dose MMX mesalamine (4.8g/d BID), 59.5% could do so after an additional 8 weeks' treatment. We examined how soon after starting further treatment these patients can expect to achieve symptom resolution.
Cost-sensitive Learning for Utility Optimization in Online Advertising Auctions (2016)

One of the most challenging problems in computational advertising is the prediction of click-through and conversion rates for bidding in online advertising auctions. An unaddressed problem in previous approaches is the existence of highly non-uniform misprediction costs. While for model evaluation these costs have been taken into account through recently proposed business-aware offline metrics -- such as the Utility metric which measures the impact on advertiser profit -- this is not the case when training the models themselves. In this paper, to bridge the gap, we formally analyze the relationship between optimizing the Utility metric and the log loss, which is considered as one of the state-of-the-art approaches in conversion modeling. Our analysis motivates the idea of weighting the log loss with the business value of the predicted outcome. We present and analyze a new cost weighting scheme and show that significant gains in offline and online performance can be achieved.
Determining Unique Fi ngerprint Features for Biometric Encoding of Data (2008)

A novel approach to determining unique fingerprint features with high repeatability is described. The techniques described are particularly suitable for CE applications and devices employing inexpensive capacitative fingerprint sensors. The extraction of robust seeds for generating repeatable encryption keys is discussed and some preliminary approaches are described.
Fabrication process and transmission characteristics of SCALPEL mask blanks with thin SiN x membranes (2001)

The SCALPEL® (Scattering with Angular Limitation Projection Electron Beam Lithography) mask technology is based on the electron-scattering properties of the patterned scatterer film present on the thin membrane material in conjunction with an aperture in the back focal plane of the projection optics of the exposure tool. Thus, the membrane material that supports the scatterer patterns should be highly transmissive, leading to more efficient utilization of source energy and reduced thermal management demands in the system, particularly in the areas above the mask. However, the fabrication of SCALPEL masks with thin membranes has been one of the most key challenges in process development. Even though 100-nm thick SiNx is currently employed as the standard thickness for SCALPEL masks, there has been a drive to explore the membrane yield for thinner SiNx films. Through optimization of the LPCVD SiNx process, we have demonstrated the fabrication of SCALPEL mask membranes with approximately 50nm thick SiNx with a repeatable yield. The measured experimental electron transmission data agrees well with the calculation from a theoretical model.
Variation of Growth in Length and Weight of Children I. Years 1 and 2 (1990)

As part of our work aiming at facilitation of growth screening, we analyzed the growth of 741 healthy infants from birth to 2 years of age. We 1) show that weight depends on length rather than age, 2) present new growth standards in a format which allows direct reading of relative length and relative weight, and 3) define the normal variation of changes over different periods in terms of relative length (SD score, SDS) and relative weight (deviation of weight from the median weight for length and sex, %DW). The group mean values for changes in length SDS and %DW were zero, but there were wide individual variations, which decreased with age and length. We present curves defining these variations for use in growth screening.
Automating the handmade (2018)

Coco presented a challenge for the garment shading team. Firstly, the scale of the movie is significant with both the human and skeleton worlds filled with primary, secondary, and background characters. Secondly, the garments speak to a specific culture and our shading needed to be very detailed to convey both modern Mexico and Mexican culture through time. We had to employ new techniques for shading seams and embroidery, optimizing render cost, and handling variation in crowd scenes.
Cooperation of Gastric Mononuclear Phagocytes with Helicobacter pylori during Colonization (2017)

<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, the dominant member of the human gastric microbiota, elicits immunoregulatory responses implicated in protective versus pathological outcomes. To evaluate the role of macrophages during infection, we employed a system with a shifted proinflammatory macrophage phenotype by deleting PPARγ in myeloid cells and found a 5- to 10-fold decrease in gastric bacterial loads. Higher levels of colonization in wild-type mice were associated with increased presence of mononuclear phagocytes and in particular with the accumulation of CD11b<sup>+</sup>F4/80<sup>hi</sup>CD64<sup>+</sup>CX<sub>3</sub>CR1<sup>+</sup> macrophages in the gastric lamina propria. Depletion of phagocytic cells by clodronate liposomes in wild-type mice resulted in a reduction of gastric <i>H. pylori</i> colonization compared with nontreated mice. PPARγ-deficient and macrophage-depleted mice presented decreased IL-10-mediated myeloid and T cell regulatory responses soon after infection. IL-10 neutralization during <i>H. pylori</i> infection led to increased IL-17-mediated responses and increased neutrophil accumulation at the gastric mucosa. In conclusion, we report the induction of IL-10-driven regulatory responses mediated by CD11b<sup>+</sup>F4/80<sup>hi</sup>CD64<sup>+</sup>CX<sub>3</sub>CR1<sup>+</sup> mononuclear phagocytes that contribute to maintaining high levels of <i>H. pylori</i> loads in the stomach by modulating effector T cell responses at the gastric mucosa.
LINE-1 protein localization and functional dynamics during the cell cycle (2018)

LINE-1/L1 retrotransposon sequences comprise 17% of the human genome. Among the many classes of mobile genetic elements, L1 is the only autonomous retrotransposon that still drives human genomic plasticity today. Through its co-evolution with the human genome, L1 has intertwined itself with host cell biology. However, a clear understanding of L1’s lifecycle and the processes involved in restricting its insertion and intragenomic spread remains elusive. Here we identify modes of L1 proteins’ entrance into the nucleus, a necessary step for L1 proliferation. Using functional, biochemical, and imaging approaches, we also show a clear cell cycle bias for L1 retrotransposition that peaks during the S phase. Our observations provide a basis for novel interpretations about the nature of nuclear and cytoplasmic L1 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) and the potential role of DNA replication in L1 retrotransposition.
Transradial approach for coronary angiography and interventions in patients with coronary bypass grafts: Tips and tricks (2008)

Among patients undergoing coronary procedures, patients with coronary artery bypass grafts represent an important, high risk subgroup. Routine transradial approach may be successfully adopted in these patients to reduce access-site complications. However, transradial cannulation of the grafts may result technically demanding. In this article we discuss the specific technical issues and we present a series of tips and tricks which may facilitate angiography and interventions on both internal mammary and aorto-coronary grafts.
The YSIRK-G/S Motif of Staphylococcal Protein A and Its Role in Efficiency of Signal Peptide Processing (2003)

Many surface proteins of pathogenic gram-positive bacteria are linked to the cell wall envelope by a mechanism requiring a C-terminal sorting signal with an LPXTG motif. Surface proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae harbor another motif, YSIRK-G/S, which is positioned within signal peptides. The signal peptides of some, but not all, of the 20 surface proteins of Staphylococcus aureus carry a YSIRK-G/S motif, whereas those of surface proteins of Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus anthracis do not. To determine whether the YSIRK-G/S motif is required for the secretion or cell wall anchoring of surface proteins, we analyzed variants of staphylococcal protein A, an immunoglobulin binding protein with an LPXTG sorting signal. Deletion of the YSIR sequence or replacement of G or S significantly reduced the rate of signal peptide processing of protein A precursors. In contrast, cell wall anchoring or the functional display of protein A was not affected. The fusion of cell wall sorting signals to reporter proteins bearing N-terminal signal peptides with or without the YSIRK-G/S motif resulted in hybrid proteins that were anchored in a manner similar to that of wild-type protein A. The requirement of the YSIRK-G/S motif for efficient secretion implies the existence of a specialized mode of substrate recognition by the secretion pathway of gram-positive cocci. It seems, however, that this mechanism is not essential for surface protein anchoring to the cell wall envelope.
Feature space trajectory distorted object representation for classification and pose estimation (1998)

The feature space trajectory (FST) neural net is used for classification and pose estimation of the contents of regions of interest. The FST provides an attractive representation of distorted objects that overcomes problems present in other classifiers. We discuss its use in rejecting clutter inputs, selecting the number and identity of the aspect views most necessary to represent an object, and to distinguish between two objects, temporal image processing, automatic target recognition, and active vision.
Estimating progress of execution for SQL queries (2004)

Today's database systems provide little feedback to the user/DBA on how much of a SQL query's execution has been completed. For long running queries, such feedback can be very useful, for example, to help decide whether the query should be terminated or allowed to run to completion. Although the above requirement is easy to express, developing a robust indicator of progress for query execution is challenging. In this paper, we study the above problem and present techniques that can form the basis for effective progress estimation. The results of experimentally validating our techniques in Microsoft SQL Server are promising.
Transgenic pig expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein produced by nuclear transfer using colchicine‐treated fibroblasts as donor cells (2002)

Fetal-derived fibroblast cells were transduced with replication defective vectors containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The transgenic cells were treated with colchicine, which theoretically would synchronize the cells into G2/M stage, and then used as donor nuclei for nuclear transfer. The donor cells were transferred into the perivitalline space of enucleated in vitro matured porcine oocytes, and fused and activated with electrical pulses. A total of 8.3% and 28.6% of reconstructed oocytes showed nuclear envelope breakdown and premature chromosome condensation 0.5 and 2 hr after activation, respectively. Percentage of pronuclear formation was 62.5, 12 hr after activation. Most (91.4%) of the 1-cell embryos with pronuclei did not extrude a polar body. Most (77.2%) embryos on day 5 were diploid. Within 2 hr after fusion, strong fluorescence was detectable in most reconstructed oocytes (92.3%). The fluorescence in all NT embryos became weak 15 hr after fusion and disappeared when culture to 48 hr. But from day 3, cleaved embryos at the 2- to 4-cell stage started to express EGFP again. On day 7, 85.8% of cleaved embryos expressed EGFP. A total of 9.4% of reconstructed embryos developed to blastocyst stage and 71.5% of the blastoctysts expressed EGFP. After 200 reconstructed 1-cell stage embryos were transferred into four surrogate gilts, three recipients were found to be pregnant. One of them maintained to term and delivered a healthy transgenic piglet expressing EGFP. Our data suggest that the combination of transduction of somatic cells by a replication defective vector with the nuclear transfer of colchicine-treated donors is an alternative to produce transgenic pigs. Furthermore, the tissues expressing EGFP from descendents of this pig may be very useful in future studies using pigs that require genetically marked cells.
Gaussian sum resampling filter (2015)

In this paper we propose the Gaussian sum resampling filter (GSRF) in which the predicted state distribution is approximated by the sum of the sub-Gaussian components whose variances are designed to be smaller than the Gaussian components used for the standard Gaussian sum filter (GSF). These sub-Gaussian components contribute for the improvement in the subsequent Gaussian sum approximation of the filtered state distribution and the diversity produced in the sub components also work for the enhancement of the state estimation accuracy. The resampling of the sub components makes the number of the Gaussian components constant throughout the filter execution. Numerical examples show the superior filtering accuracy of the GSRF over the other existing filters including the GSF.