gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Multiphysics Design and Optimization Method for Air-Core Planar Transformers in High-Frequency LLC Resonant Converters (2019)

Air-core planar transformers are attractive alternatives to ferrite-core transformers for high-frequency power converters, such as LLC resonant converters. Although many design methods have been proposed for LLC converters, most of them are based on traditional ferrite-core transformers. There is a lack of efficient methods to design and optimize air-core planar transformers for high-frequency LLC converters. This paper presents a multiphysics optimal design framework that combines multiple physical models, the progressive bisection design method, and the Bayesian optimization technique to address air-core planar transformer design issues. It has the following contributions. 1) Multiple physical models, including circuit model, magnetoquasistatic model, full-wave electromagnetic model, are built for transformer design and efficiency evaluation. 2) The progressive bisection method and Bayesian optimization algorithm are applied to accelerate the optimal design process. 3) The proposed framework can accurately and efficiently design optimal air-core planar transformers and optimize efficiency in LLC converters. 4) A high-frequency flexible and thin LLC converter is constructed using the optimal design method.
A universal gene expression system for fungi (2018)

Biotechnological production of fuels, chemicals and proteins is dependent on efficient production systems, typically genetically engineered microorganisms. New genome editing methods are making it increasingly easy to introduce new genes and functionalities in a broad range of organisms. However, engineering of all these organisms is hampered by the lack of suitable gene expression tools. Here, we describe a synthetic expression system (SES) that is functional in a broad spectrum of fungal species without the need for host-dependent optimization. The SES consists of two expression cassettes, the first providing a weak, but constitutive level of a synthetic transcription factor (sTF), and the second enabling strong, at will tunable expression of the target gene via an sTF-dependent promoter. We validated the SES functionality in six yeast and two filamentous fungi species in which high (levels beyond organism-specific promoters) as well as adjustable expression levels of heterologous and native genes was demonstrated. The SES is an unprecedentedly broadly functional gene expression regulation method that enables significantly improved engineering of fungi. Importantly, the SES system makes it possible to take in use novel eukaryotic microbes for basic research and various biotechnological applications.
Rate of enhancement of S N2 reactions in dipolar aprotic solvents. The importance of transition-state solvation (1968)

P. Haberfield, A. Nudelman, A. Bloom, R. Romm, H. Ginsberg and P. Steinherz, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 194 DOI: 10.1039/C19680000194
Performances of the superimposition schemes for OFDM systems (2008)

To increase the spectral efficiency of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, many techniques have been proposed. Recently, we proposed a superimposition scheme which is called the time domain superimposition of data (TDSD). In this paper, we compare the performance of TDSD with the conventional superimposition schemes such as the superimposed periodic pilot in the time domain (SPPT) and the added pilot semi-blind channel estimation (APSB) in terms of channel estimation, bit error rate (BER) performance, relative spectral efficiency, and complexity. The simulation results show that comparing to the conventional OFDM, TDSD can increase the spectral efficiency up to about 20% with the superimposition factor M = 16 while SPPT has the similar efficiency. APSB has the worst efficiency.
Performance metrics for integrated lighting systems (2006)

In this paper, integrated lighting is discussed, including light sources, rough or relief surfaces such as diffusers and microprisms, as well as theoretical limits of ray tracing and photometry, and performance metrics of integrated lighting systems.
Matching the mechanical properties of the brain: histological performance of soft elastomeric wires designed for use in neural interface devices (651.15) (2014)

A number of factors contribute to the failure of microelectrodes implanted into the central nervous system and designed for therapeutic purposes. We hypothesized that more closely matching the mechanical properties of the microelectrode to those of the brain in combination with biomolecule coatings would promote a lower inflammatory response and less scar tissue encapsulation. In vitro cell culture studies were used to evaluate novel elastomeric wires with Young’s modulus lower than 1 MPa; the L1 protein coating was compared to laminin‐coated and uncoated microelectrodes. In vivo work included characterization of the tissue response associated with microelectrode implantation into the subthalamic nucleus of rats (n = 4/group) at acute and chronic time points. Commercial tungsten microelectrodes with Young’s modulus of 411,000 MPa were used as a standard (stiff control). The in vitro results indicate that soft wires had greater neuronal but less astrocyte and microglial attachment than stiff wires. Additional benefits were noted with the L1 protein coating. In vivo histological assessment indicates the superior performance of soft wires with the L1 protein coating: increased neuronal density (NF200 staining), decreased microglial presence (Iba1 staining), decreased astrocyte activation (GFAP staining) and decreased neuronal cell death (NeuN/Caspase‐3 colocalization) when compared to control stiff wires either with or without L1 coating and to soft wires without L1. This work contributes to evidence supporting the use of soft microelectrodes and the L1 protein coating. Grant Funding Source : Supported by DARPA Contract W31P4Q‐11‐C‐0134.
Min-capacity of a multiple-antenna wireless channel in a static Rician fading environment (2002)

We calculate the optimal guaranteed performance for a multiple-antenna wireless link with M antennas at the transmitter and N antennas at the receiver on a Rician fading channel with a static specular component. The channel is modeled with a Rayleigh component and a rank-one deterministic specular component. The Rayleigh component remains constant over a block of T symbol periods, with independent realizations over each block. We analyze the channel under the assumption that the transmitter has no knowledge about the fading coefficients and the receiver has no knowledge about the Rayleigh component but, has complete knowledge about the specular component. Under this scenario to guarantee service it is required to maximize the worst case capacity (min-capacity). Although, it is not necessary for the receiver to have knowledge of the specular component we assume it to show that min-capacity formulation is not pessimistic by showing that min-capacity is equal to avg-capacity when the specular component is constant over time but random with isotropic distribution. This way we show that avg-capacity, which in general has no practical meaning for non-ergodic scenarios, has a coding theorem associated with it in this particular case on account of it being equal to the min-capacity.
Alterations in Genes of the EGFR Signaling Pathway and Their Relationship to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Sensitivity in Lung Cancer Cell Lines (2009)

Our in vitro studies confirm and extend clinical observations and demonstrate the relative importance of both EGFR mutations and CNGs and HER2 CNGs in the sensitivity to TKIs.
Stereological analysis of bacterial load and lung lesions in nonhuman primates (rhesus macaques) experimentally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2011)

Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis primarily produces a multifocal distribution of pulmonary granulomas in which the pathogen resides. Accordingly, quantitative assessment of the bacterial load and pathology is a substantial challenge in tuberculosis. Such assessments are critical for studies of the pathogenesis and for the development of vaccines and drugs in animal models of experimental M. tuberculosis infection. Stereology enables unbiased quantitation of three-dimensional objects from two-dimensional sections and thus is suited to quantify histological lesions. We have developed a protocol for stereological analysis of the lung in rhesus macaques inoculated with a pathogenic clinical strain of M. tuberculosis (Erdman strain). These animals exhibit a pattern of infection and tuberculosis similar to that of naturally infected humans. Conditions were optimized for collecting lung samples in a nonbiased, random manner. Bacterial load in these samples was assessed by a standard plating assay, and granulomas were graded and enumerated microscopically. Stereological analysis provided quantitative data that supported a significant correlation between bacterial load and lung granulomas. Thus this stereological approach enables a quantitative, statistically valid analysis of the impact of M. tuberculosis infection in the lung and will serve as an essential tool for objectively comparing the efficacy of drugs and vaccines.
Does the Pollen Diet Influence the Production and Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides in Individual Honey Bees? (2018)

We investigated the importance of protein nutrition for honey bee immunity. Different protein diets (monofloral pollen of <i>Helianthus</i> spp., <i>Sinapis</i> spp., <i>Asparagus</i> spp., <i>Castanea</i> spp., a mixture of the four different pollen and the pollen substitute Feedbee<sup>TM</sup>) were fed to honey bees in cages <i>ad libitum</i>. After 18 days of feeding, apidaecin 1 isoforms concentration in the thorax were measured using nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Expression levels of genes, coding for apidaecins and abaecin in the abdomen were determined using quantitative PCR. The results indicate that protein-containing nutrition in adult worker honey bees can trigger certain metabolic responses. Bees without dietary protein showed lower apidaecin 1 isoforms concentrations. The significantly lowest concentration of apidaecin 1 isoforms was found in the group that was fed no pollen diet when compared to <i>Asparagus</i>, <i>Castanea</i>, <i>Helianthus</i>, and <i>Sinapis</i> pollen or the pollen supplement FeedBee<sup>TM</sup>. Expression levels of the respective genes were also affected by the protein diets and different expression levels of these two antimicrobial peptides were found. Positive correlation between concentration and gene expression of apidaecins was found. The significance of feeding bees with different protein diets, as well as the importance of pollen nutrition for honey bee immunity is demonstrated.
Accumulation of 5-oxoproline in myocardial dysfunction and the protective effects of OPLAH (2017)

In response to heart failure (HF), the heart reacts by repressing adult genes and expressing fetal genes, thereby returning to a more fetal-like gene profile. To identify genes involved in this process, we carried out transcriptional analysis on murine hearts at different stages of development and on hearts from adult mice with HF. Our screen identified <i>Oplah</i>, encoding for 5-oxoprolinase, a member of the γ-glutamyl cycle that functions by scavenging 5-oxoproline. OPLAH depletion occurred as a result of cardiac injury, leading to elevated 5-oxoproline and oxidative stress, whereas OPLAH overexpression improved cardiac function after ischemic injury. In HF patients, we observed elevated plasma 5-oxoproline, which was associated with a worse clinical outcome. Understanding and modulating fetal-like genes in the failing heart may lead to potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic options in HF.
Synthesis of stable cannabidiol (CBD) nanoparticles in suspension (2019)

The reduction of cannabidiol (CBD) particle size in suspensions and maintenance of their stability is crucial for improved bioavailability and an increase in CBD's therapeutic effects. Here we report on a facile and cost-effective precipitation method for fast CBD nanonization. The characterization of the particle size in various suspensions was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to obtain the size and morphology of the dried CBD particles. The influence of the synthesis parameters (type and concentration of solvents and surfactants) on the size of the CBD particles in suspension were evaluated. By addition of the surfactants, the agglomeration of CBD nanoparticles (NPs) in suspension was prevented and the suspensions maintained stability for up to 9 months.
Benefits of Applying Nodal Sampling to Smos Data Over Semi-Enclosed Seas and Strongly Rfi-Contaminated Regions (2018)

Radio Frequency Interferences (RFI) are still an important source of contamination in SMOS data. The application of nodal sampling (NS) to brightness temperature images helps to mitigate the degradation that RFIs produce in geophysical retrievals. Nodal sampling has been extensive and successfully tested over open ocean and in the proximity to coastal regions. In this work, we assess the performances of NS over strongly RFI-contaminated ocean regions, particularly over semi-enclosed seas. These regions are especially challenging because of the strong contamination caused by the nearby RFI sources over land and the residual land-sea contamination.
Measurements of anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation at degree angular scales near the stars Sigma Herculis and IOTA Draconis (1994)

We present results from two four-frequency observations centered near the stars Sigma Herculis and Iota Draconis during the fourth flight of the Millimeter-wave Anisotropy eXperiment (MAX). The observations were made of 6 deg x 0.6 deg strips of the sky with a 1.4 deg peak to peak sinusoidal chop in all bands. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) beam sizes were calculated 0.55 deg +/- 0.05 deg at 3.5/cm and a 0.75 deg +/- 0.05 deg at 6, 9, and 14/cm. Significant correlated structures were observed at 3.5, 6, and 9/cm. The spectra of these signals are inconsistent with thermal emission from known interstellar dust populations. The extrapolated amplitudes of synchrotron and free-free emission are too small to account for the amplitude of the observed structures. If the observed structures are attributed to cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy with a Gaussian autocorrelation function and a coherence angle of 25 min, then the most probable values at Delta T/T<SUB>CMB</SUB> = 3.1 <SUP>+1.7</SUP><SUB>-1.3</SUB>x 10<SUP>-5</SUP> for the Sigma Herculis scan, and Delta T/T<SUB>CMB</SUB> = 3.3<SUP>+1.1</SUP><SUB>-1.1</SUB> x 10<SUP>-5</SUP> for the Iota Draconis scan (95% confidence upper, lower limits).
High brightness and bonding yield of integrated Si-CMOS and GaN LED wafers (2019)

To improve the bonding yield and the brightness of the final integrated Si-CMOS + GaN LED wafers, two issues have to be addressed. The first problem is the surface protrusions such as melt-back etching and hillocks which are the common surface imperfections on the surface of GaN/Si substrates. This prevents the direct contact of the two wafers and results in unbonded area. To address this, a CMP process that using conventional SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> slurry with the addition of diamond nanoparticles is carried out on the GaN (LED)-on-Si wafer prior to the bonding to the Si-CMOS wafer. The second issue is that the Si substrate of the GaN LED wafer absorbs photons which lowers the light emitting efficiency of the LEDs. We address this issue by transferring the Si-CMOS + GaN LED films from the Si (111) wafer onto a transparent quartz substrate. By addressing these issues, a high bonding yield and high brightness of Si-CMOS + GaN LED on quartz substrate can be realized.
Current Status and Potential Applications of the Harts Removable Stent (1994)

Permanent intracoronary scents have demonstrated considerable efficacy in the treatment of PTCA‐induced abrupt arterial occlusion, suboptimal dilatation, and restenosis. Despite their benefit, permanent stents have significant limitations including subacute thrombosis, need for anticoagulation with resultant vascular complications, prolonged hospitalization, and high costs. Temporary stem's have the potential for achieving many of the beneficial effects of permanent stenting without some of the iatrogenic complications. The HARTS (Heat Activated Removable Temporary Stent) removable stent employs the shape memory alloy Nitinol, and has the properties of being balloon deployable, but recoverable to a preset “memory” shape by heating it with warmed crystalloid solution. Preclinical experience first with a wire stent design and more recently with a slotted tubular design, has demonstrated the feasibility of implanting and recovering the HARTS device. Speculative applications of this technology include: treatment of acute postangioplasty occlusion and suboptimal angioplasty results; “stentoplasty”—the application of a temporary stent for several hours at the time of a primary angioplasty; and reduction of restenosis rate by inhibition of elastic recoil following short‐term (hours) stenting. Further, the HARTS device may be an important vehicle for local delivery of drugs or other biologically active agents to the arterial wall. All research to date has been preclinical and controlled clinical trials will be necessary to define the safety, efficacy, and potential applications of the HARTS removable stent.
Exploring Space via Astromycology: A Report on the CIFAR Programs Earth 4D and Fungal Kingdom Inaugural Joint Meeting (2022)

"Fungi on Mars!": a popular news heading that piques public interest and makes scientists' blood boil. While such a statement is laden with misinformation and light on evidence, the search for past and present extraterrestrial life is an ongoing scientific effort. Moreover, it is one that is increasingly gaining momentum with the recent collection of martian rock cores from Jezero Crater by NASA's Perseverance rover. Despite the increasingly sophisticated approaches guiding the search for microbial life on other planets, fungi remain relatively underexplored compared to their bacterial counterparts, highlighting a gap between the astrobiological and fungal research communities. Through a meeting in April 2021, the CIFAR <i>Earth 4D</i> and <i>Fungal Kingdom</i> research programs worked to bridge this divide by uniting experts in each field. CIFAR is a Canadian-based global research organization that convenes researchers across disciplines to address important questions facing science and humanity. The CIFAR <i>Earth 4D: Subsurface Science & Exploration</i> and <i>Fungal Kingdom: Threats & Opportunities</i> research programs were launched by CIFAR in July 2019, each made up of approximately two dozen international researchers who are experts in their fields. The <i>Earth 4D</i> program, led by co-directors John Mustard (Brown University, USA) and Barbara Sherwood Lollar (University of Toronto, Canada), aims to understand the complex chemical, physical, and biological interactions that occur within and between Earth's surface and subsurface to explore questions on the evolution of planets and life. The <i>Fungal Kingdom</i> program, led by co-directors Leah Cowen (University of Toronto, Canada) and Joseph Heitman (Duke University, USA), seeks to tackle the most pressing threats fungi pose to human health, agriculture, and biodiversity and to harness their extraordinary potential. The programs met to explore areas for synergy within four major themes: (1) the origins of life; (2) the evolution and diversification of life; (3) life in diverse and extreme environments; and (4) extinction: lessons learned and threats. This report covers the research discussed during the meeting across these four themes.
CALL gene is haploinsufficient in a 3p? syndrome patient (1999)

The 3p- syndrome results from deletion of a terminal segment of the short arm of one chromosome 3 (3p25-->pter), and is characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation. Due to its variable expression, it is assumed this disorder is a contiguous gene syndrome with an undefined number of genes contributing to the phenotype. In an effort to discover genes contributing to mental defects in 3p- syndrome, we determined whether the CALL gene, mapped to 3p26.1 and coding for a neural recognition molecule, is deleted in a boy with this disorder. We found that the break in this patient is distal to the VHL gene, removing D3S18 and the CALL loci. The deletion of one copy of the CALL gene might be responsible for mental defects in patients with 3p- syndrome. Am. J. Med. Genet. 86:482-485, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Physically Separated Uplink and Downlink Transmissions in LTE HetNets Based on CoMP Concepts (2014)

In this paper, we present a novel transmission and reception scheme in LTE heterogeneous networks (HetNets) that exploits the concept of Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP). In the proposed scheme, the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) transmissions of a User Equipment (UE) are established with different cells assuming the existence of coordination between the cells. The scheme considers the link quality, cell load and Quality of Service (QoS) when deciding in the UL and DL's transmissions separation. The objectives of this scheme are to improve the performance at the cell edges through cell coordination and to increase the spectrum efficiency. The OPNET Modeler eventdriven system level simulator was used to verify the feasibility of the scheme. The results show that the proposed scheme provides a significant improvement in the packet loss and delay.
Rapid adaptive remote focusing microscope for sensing of volumetric neural activity (2017)

The ability to record neural activity in the brain of a living organism at cellular resolution is of great importance for defining the neural circuit mechanisms that direct behavior. Here we present an adaptive two-photon microscope optimized for extraction of neural signals over volumes in intact <i>Drosophila</i> brains, even in the presence of specimen motion. High speed volume imaging was made possible through reduction of spatial resolution while maintaining the light collection efficiency of a high resolution, high numerical aperture microscope. This enabled simultaneous recording of odor-evoked calcium transients in a defined volume of mushroom body Kenyon cell bodies in a live fruit fly.
Novel liquid-crystalline mesogens and main-chain chiral smectic thiol-ene polymers based on trifluoromethylphenyl moieties (2009)

The synthesis and characterization of a series of novel liquid-crystalline molecules containing a trifluoromethylphenyl core or a 2,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl core is described. All trifluoromethylphenyl-containing compounds (W530, W551, and W558) have mesomorphic properties while 2,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-containing compounds (W555, W556, W557) are room-temperature crystals without mesophases. Thereafter, based on the chemical structure of W558, to pursue a mesogen with a large electroclinic effect in the SmA* phase for development into electromechanical actuators, a chiral smectic thiol-ene monomer (K0901) is synthesized and polymerized in organic solvents. The polymer is characterized by GPC, DSC, PLM, XRD and shows an expected I–SmA* –Glass phase sequence though the electroclinic effect is relatively small.