gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design for Low-Cost Gas Metal Arc Weld-Based Aluminum 3-D Printing (2016)

Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3-D printing, has the potential to change the state of manufacturing across the globe. Parts are made, or printed, layer by layer using only the materials required to form the part, resulting in much less waste than traditional manufacturing methods. Additive manufacturing has been implemented in a wide variety of industries including aerospace, medical, consumer products, and fashion, using metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, and even organic tissues. However, traditional 3-D printing technologies, particularly those used to print metals, can be prohibitively expensive for small enterprises and the average consumer. A low-cost open-source metal 3-D printer has been developed based upon gas metal arc weld (GMAW) technology. Using this technology, substrate release mechanisms have been developed, allowing the user to remove a printed metal part from a metal substrate by hand. The mechanical and microstructural properties of commercially available weld alloys were characterized and used to guide alloy development in 4000 series aluminum-silicon alloys. Wedge casting experiments were performed to screen magnesium, strontium, and titanium boride alloying additions in hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloys for their properties and the ease with which they could be printed. Finally, the top performing alloys, which were approximately 11.6% Si modified with strontium and titanium boride were cast, extruded, and drawn into wire. These wires were printed and the mechanical and microstructural properties were compared with those of commercially available alloys. This work resulted in an easier-to-print aluminum-silicon-strontium alloy that exhibited lower porosity, equivalent yield and tensile strengths, yet nearly twice the ductility compared to commercial alloys.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Higher Frequencies of GARP<sup>+</sup>CTLA-4<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> T Regulatory Cells and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Are Associated with Impaired T-Cell Functionality (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 117K, Supplementary Figure 4. (A, B) Frequency as well as (C, D) absolute number of MDSC in the peripheral blood of HCC patients was compared after stratification of patients based on exposure to HCV infection or prior treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
A K-band AlGaN/GaN HFET MMIC Amplifier on Sapphire using novel superlattice cap layer (2005)

We have developed a K-band AlGaN/GaN HFET MMIC amplifier by applying an AlGaN/GaN superlattice (SL) capped structure on sapphire substrate. Owing to the lowest (0.4 Ω · mm) source resistance of AlGaN/GaN HFETs, the HFETs exhibited excellent DC and RF characteristics, and sufficient ability to operate in the K-band frequency range is obtained. The fabricated MMIC with a CPW-line structure exhibited a small-signal gain higher than 10 dB with a 3-dB bandwidth of 20-24.5 GHz and that of 13 dB at 21.6GHz when biased at a supply voltage of 7 V. The 1dB compression point (P 1dB ) referred to output of 15.4 dBm at 21.6 GHz was obtained. This work is the first report of MMIC amplifier fabricated on sapphire successfully operating in the K band.
Genetic survival analysis of age-at-onset of bipolar disorder: evidence for anticipation or cohort effect in families (2001)

Age-at-onset (AAO) in a number of extended families ascertained for bipolar disorder was analysed using survival analysis techniques, fitting proportional hazards models to estimate the fixed effects of sex, year of birth, and generation, and a random polygenic genetic effect. Data comprised the AAO (for 171 affecteds) or age when last seen (ALS) for 327 unaffecteds, on 498 individuals in 27 families. ALS was treated as the censored time in the statistical analyses. The majority of individuals classified as affected were diagnosed with bipolar I and II (n = 103) or recurrent major depressive disorder (n = 68). In addition to the significant effects of sex and year of birth, a fitted 'generation' effect was highly significant, which could be interpreted as evidence for an anticipation effect. The risk of developing bipolar or unipolar disorder increased twofold with each generation descended from the oldest founder. However, although information from both affected and unaffected individuals was used to estimate the relative risk of subsequent generations, it is possible that the results are biased because of the 'Penrose effect'. Females had a twofold increased risk in developing depressive disorder relative to males. The risk of developing bipolar or unipolar disorder increased by approximately 4% per year of birth. A polygenic component of variance was estimated, resulting in a 'heritability' of AAO of approximately 0.52. In a family showing strong evidence of linkage to chromosome 4p (family 22), the 'affected haplotype' increased the relative risk of being affected by a factor of 46. In this family, there was strong evidence of a time trend in the AAO. When either year of birth or generation was fitted in the model, these effects were highly significant, but neither was significant in the presence of the other. For this family, there was no increase in trinucleotide repeats measured by the repeat expansion detection method in affected individuals compared with control subjects. Proportional hazard models appear appropriate to analyse AAO data, and the methodology will be extended to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for AAO.
Piperastatin A, A New Selective Serine Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor Produced by Actinomycete. I. Taxonomy, Production, Isolation and Biological Activities (1996)

Piperastatin A (structure, N-formyl-allo Ile-Thr-Leu-Val-Pip-Leu-Pip, Pip = hexahydropyridadine-3-carboxylic acid; molecular weight, 809), a new inhibitor of serine carboxypeptidase was discovered in the fermentation broth of Streptomyces lavendofoliae MJ908-WF13. It was purified by activated charcoal chromatography, YMC gel ODS-A chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) by monitoring its inhibitory activity against carboxypeptidase Y (CP-Y), and finally obtained as colourless needles. Piperastatin A is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme with Ki = 52 +/- 6.2 nM. Piperastatin A is a highly specific inhibitor of the serine carboxypeptidases, CP-Y and platelet deamidase with little effect on related enzymes, has no antimicrobial activity and has low toxicity.
On the closed-form solution of the rotation matrix arising in computer vision problems (2009)

We show the closed-form solution to the maximization of trace(A'R), where A is given and R is unknown rotation matrix. This problem occurs in many computer vision tasks involving optimal rotation matrix estimation. The solution has been continuously reinvented in different fields as part of specific problems. We summarize the historical evolution of the problem and present the general proof of the solution. We contribute to the proof by considering the degenerate cases of A and discuss the uniqueness of R.
Characterizing the mechanical properties of poly-(DTE carbonate) scaffold from the finite element simulation of its microtopology (2003)

The mechanical properties of poly (DTE carbonate) scaffold are characterized with experimental, numerical, and theoretical tools. These properties are further related to the physical properties of the solid substrate and the micro-topology of the pores. The experimental characterization, along with the simulation using the deterministic finite element method, are achieved. Cellular solid theory was used to model the microstructure of the poly(DTE carbonate) scaffold which has two levels of pores. To understand the structure-properties relationships of the scaffold, the experimental measurements and FEM analysis of enlarged scaffold models made by fused deposition method are conducted. We found good agreement between predicted and experimental values of mechanical properties of FDM scaffolds. It is possible to predict mechanical properties of tissue engineering scaffolds from known architecture and material properties.
Lithium perchlorate ion pairing in a model of amorphous polyethylene oxide (1999)

We report a molecular dynamics study of pairing and dynamics of lithium cation and perchlorate anion in a previously reported model of amorphous polyethylene oxide. We are particularly interested in the question of whether these ions pair in the model, as previously reported experimentally. We calculate the potential of mean force between a lithium and perchlorate ion in the system for several temperatures when a pair of ions is at various separation distances in our model. We find evidence for two minima in the potential of mean force, one at lithium–chlorine separations of 3.5 Å and about 6.5 Å. We studied the same system with five ion pairs in the system and again find two minima at the same separation distances but in this case there is evidence of entropic effects in the binding free energy of the pairs at 3.5 Å. A study of radial distribution functions permits us to deduce information concerning the structure of the paired states.
Bacterial infections of the small intestine and colon (1995)

The most noteworthy recent developments regarding infections of the intestinal tract have been the emergence of old bacterial foes in new guises. These developments include the identification of a new serotype of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae with the potential to cause epidemics, the recognition of novel varieties of diarrheagenic strains of Escherichia coli, and the emergence of Salmonella and Shigella species resistant to most clinically useful antibiotics. On the other hand, we are witnessing the onset of a new age of immunization based on genetically engineered vaccines which after a single oral dose will afford long-lived mucosal immunity to infection. These exciting discoveries have been accompanied by an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of bacterial diarrhea and its systemic sequelae. The aim of this review is to highlight some of these developments.
Are Events After Endotoxemia Related to Circulating Phospholipase A2 ? (1994)

The results of this study suggest that elevations in circulating SNP-PLA2 activity and systemic events associated with intravenous endotoxin administration are unrelated.
1D and 2D X-ray waveguides: Optics and applications (2003)

X-ray waveguides offer a novel approach for nanobeam production, which may become useful in coherent beam imaging and phase contrast projection microscopy. Internal field enhancement, coherency properties, and coupling efficiency of these devices have been measured and compared to theoretic predictions. The fundamentals of X-ray wave guide optics can be derived from a scalar wave equation. Up to now, X-ray waveguide optics have exclusively been one-dimensional (1D), while many applications demand two-dimensionally (2D) confined point beams. We have recently demonstrated the first proof of principle that X-ray waveguide effects can be generalized to 2D devices using e-beam defined lithographic nanostructures, delivering of a coherent hard x-ray beam with nanometer sized cross-section (69 nm × 33 nm)
Modulation of Chondrocyte Phenotype for Tissue Engineering by Designing the Biologic−Polymer Carrier Interface (2006)

Therapeutic strategies based on cell and tissue engineering can be advanced by developing material substrates that effectively interrogate the biological compartment, with or without the complimentary local release of growth factors. Poly(ether ester) segmented copolymers were engineered as model material systems to elucidate the interfacial molecular events that govern the function of adhered cells. Surface chemistry was modulated by varying poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) length and mole fraction with poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), leading to differential competitive protein adsorption of fibronectin and vitronectin from serum and consequently to different cell attachment modes. Adhesion within the hydrogel-like milieu of longer surface PEG was mediated via binding to the CD44 transmembrane receptor, rather than the RGD-integrin mechanism, whereas greater substrate-bound fibronectin resulted in cell adhesion via integrins. These adhesion modalities differentially impacted morphological cell phenotype (spread or spheroid) and the subsequent expression of mRNA transcripts (collagen types II, I) characteristic of phenotypically differentiated or dedifferentiated chondrocytes, respectively. These results demonstrate that materials can be designed to directly elicit the membrane bound receptor apparatus desired for downstream cellular response, without requiring exogenous biological growth factors to enable differentiated potential.
Effects of endogenous testosterone and estradiol on sexual behavior in normal young men. (1994)

The importance of androgens in establishing and maintaining sexual function in males of most species is well recognized. Estrogens also stimulate male sexual function in some species. In men, most studies of androgen effects on behavior have used hypogonadal men as an experimental model; much less is known about the role of endogenous testosterone (T) or estradiol (E2) in the regulation of behavior in healthy, eugonadal men. In a randomized, double-blind study, we used a GnRH antagonist, Nal-Glu, without T replacement, to induce acute, profound, reversible gonadal steroid deficiency in 9 normal men for 6 weeks (Nal-Glu alone). We also studied the effects of partial androgen replacement by administering Nal-Glu together with T enanthate, 50 mg im weekly, to 10 other men. A third group of 10 men received Nal-Glu plus T, 100 mg im weekly. We studied the role of endogenous E2 by administering Nal-Glu plus T, 100 mg im weekly, plus an aromatase inhibitor, testolactone (Teslac), 250 mg po qid, to 10 additional men (Nal - Glu + T + Teslac). Nine men received placebo injections and tablets. All subjects completed a behavioral questionnaire during the pretreatment period, at weeks 2, 4, and 6 of treatment, and at 3 weeks posttreatment. Men who received Nal-Glu alone became profoundly hypogonadal within 1 week after treatment began. Serum T levels did not change significantly in the controls and in the men who received full T replacement but decreased to approximately half the baseline level in men who received partial T replacement. E2 levels decreased profoundly in men who received Nal-Glu alone or Nal - Glu + T + Teslac and to a lesser degree in men who received partial T replacement. In men who received Nal-Glu alone, there were clinically and statistically significant decreases in the frequency of sexual desire, sexual fantasies, and intercourse at 4-6 weeks. These men also showed a strong trend (P = 0.55) towards decreased spontaneous erections after 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. A significant decrease in the frequency of masturbation was evident after 6 weeks. All measures returned to normal by posttreatment week 3. There was a trend toward increased aggression in the hypogonadal men, but this did not reach statistical significance. No changes in satisfaction or happiness with their partners were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The ring-based resonant router (2004)

The resonant router (ReR) is an integrated optics crossbar matrix based on ring resonators. Depending on the characteristics of the rings the ReR can operate as cross-connect (X-ReR) or as wavelength router (/spl lambda/-ReR). The analysis of the device, the spectral characteristics and the impact on a high bit rate signal are presented and discussed both on a theoretical and experimental basis. The ReR can add flexibility and extend the capabilities of a node of a transparent optical network.
Direct visualization of strain waves by magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) (2002)

For thousands of years palpation has been used to find pathology in the human body. The longevity of palpation results from the sensitivity of mechanical properties of tissues to pathologic processes. Changes in elasticity of the tissues is what is detected by palpation. Many regions of the body are not accessible to palpation because of depth or protection, for instance of the brain by the skull. We describe a new method termed Magnetic Resonance Elastography, which can measure the three-dimensional displacement of propagating low frequency strain waves in human tissue. Wavelength can be calculated from cyclic displacements as small as 100 nanometers resulting in estimates of elasticity deep within the body. The method may provide noninvasive palpation anywhere in the body.
Underwater Pitot Tube for Swimming Animals (2019)

This paper reports on an underwater Pitot tube which is designed for swimming measurement of marine animals. The tubes of the Pitot tube are filled with incompressive liquid and sealed by thin films so that the device can be used even when plunged into water. The Pitot tube has a pressure sensor inside that consists of a piezoresistive cantilever incorporated into a thin Parylene-C membrane. When a water flow is applied to the Pitot tube, the thin films at the inlets act as elastic membranes and the liquid filled in the tubes transmits the pressure to the pressure sensor. The proposed Pitot tube can be used as a water flow speedometer for biological studies of marine animals.
Theory and simulation for the identification of the link geometric errors for a five-axis machine tool using a telescoping magnetic ball-bar (2002)

The position invariant geometric inaccuracies of a machine tool are the first to influence the quality of machined parts. A systematic approach is presented to identify some of these errors on a five-axis machine tool. The methodology is applied to the link error parameters such as joint misalignments, angular offset and rotary axis separation distance. A method based on the mathematical analysis of singularities of linear systems is used to assist in selecting a minimal but sufficient set of link error parameters for the calibration of a machine tool. A number of criteria are proposed in order to verify that the identified parameters accurately predict the positioning errors of the true machine. Finally, the numerical effectiveness of this method is shown through simulations.
Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen Disrupts Genome Integrity and Activates a DNA Damage Response via Bub1 Binding (2008)

Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen (LT) is a multifunctional protein that is important for viral replication and oncogenic transformation. Previously, infection of monkey or human cells with SV40 was shown to lead to the induction of DNA damage response signaling, which is required for efficient viral replication. However, it was not clear if LT is sufficient to induce the damage response and, if so, what the genetic requirements and functional consequences might be. Here, we show that the expression of LT alone, without a replication origin, can induce key DNA damage response markers including the accumulation of gamma-H2AX and 53BP1 in nuclear foci. Other DNA damage-signaling components downstream of ATM/ATR kinases were induced, including chk1 and chk2. LT also bound the Claspin mediator protein, which normally facilitates the ATR activation of chk1 and monitors cellular replication origins. Stimulation of the damage response by LT depends mainly on binding to Bub1 rather than to the retinoblastoma protein. LT has long been known to stabilize p53 despite functionally inactivating it. We show that the activation of a DNA damage response by LT via Bub1 appears to play a major role in p53 stabilization by promoting the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15. Accompanying the DNA damage response, LT induces tetraploidy, which is also dependent on Bub1 binding. Taken together, our data suggest that LT, via Bub1 binding, breaches genome integrity mechanisms, leading to DNA damage responses, p53 stabilization, and tetraploidy.
CCDC 1859923: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2019)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Propensión a asumir riesgos en decisiones económicas: entre lo natural y lo adquirido (2013)

Congenital Hepatic fibrosis is an uncommon disease, which is autosomal recessive. Two forms of the disease are distinguished: a rare one becoming manifest in the neonatal period with signs of progressive renal failure secondary to polycystic kidneys, in such cases the liver fibrosis is usually asymptomatic, and the diagnosis is therefore often first established post mortem. In the other more usual form the patients present during infancy with bleeding from rupture of esophageal varices caused by portal hypertension. One case is reported, and the history of his two brothers are referred to. In our case a portacaval anastomosis was performed and the patient is asymptomatic with no signs of encephalopathy. His two brothers died, one of bleeding from esophageal varices, the other of hemolytic anemia. In both cases the diagnosis was first made post mortem.
Bifidobacterium Animalis SUBSP Lactis CNCM-I2494 Restores Tight Junction Proteins Levels in a Chronic Low-grade Colonic Inflammation Mouse Model (2015)

Bifidobacterium Animalis SUBSP Lactis CNCM-I2494 Restores Tight Junction Proteins Levels in a Chronic Low-grade Colonic Inflammation Mouse Model. 8. Probiotics, Prebiotics & New Foods for Microbiota and Human Health meeting held
Donor variability alters differentiation and mechanical cohesion of tissue-engineered constructs with human endothelial/MSC co-culture (2021)

To move towards clinical applications, tissue engineering (TE) should be validated with human primary cells and offer easy connection to the native vascularisation. Based on a sheet-like bone substitute developed previously, we investigated a mesenchymal stem cells/endothelial cells (MSCs/ECs) coculture to enhance pre-vascularisation. Using MSCs from six independent donors whose differentiation potential was assessed towards two lineages, we focused on donor variability and cell crosstalk regarding bone differentiation. Coculture was performed on calcium phosphate granules in a specific chamber during 1 month. MSCs were seeded first then ECs were added after 2 weeks, with respective monocultures as control groups. Cell viability and organisation (fluorescence, electronic microscopy), differentiation (ALP staining/activity, RT-qPCR) and mechanical cohesion were analysed. Adaptation of the protocol to coculture was validated (high cell viability and proliferation). Activity and differentiation showed strong trends towards synergistic effects between cell types. MSCs reached early mineralisation stage of maturation. The delayed addition of ECs allowed for their attachment on developed MSCs' matrix. The main impact of donor variability could be here the lack of cell proliferation potential with some donors, leading to low differentiation and mechanical cohesion and therefore absence of sheet-like shape successfully obtained with others. We suggest therefore adapting protocols to cell proliferation potentials from one batch of cells to the other in a patient-specific approach.