gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Welfare States in Perspective (2005)

A perspectival analysis of welfare states in the world is a challenging task, since the subject is vast and complex. Each country has its own story to tell in the context of its own historical background, the state of its economic development and the level of its people’s social and political consciousness. In spite of these perceptible difficulties, the subject merits deep and wide study. Giving shape within a democratic structure to a fully-fledged welfare state, first in Sweden and thereafter in Britain and the rest of Western Europe and across the Atlantic after the Second World War, was indeed a civilizational leap in human history. For the first time the welfare of common people became the central concern of the state.
Electrolyte ions-matching hierarchically porous biochar electrodes with an extended potential window for next-generation supercapacitors (2023)

A balanced hierarchical pore ratio enhances the energy storage of biomass-derived activated carbon electrodes while a hybrid electrolyte extends the potential window, facilitating the fabrication of high-energy density next-generation symmetric supercapacitors.
Near-field terahertz nonlinear optics with blue light (2023)

The coupling of terahertz optical techniques to scattering-type scanning near-field microscopy (s-SNOM) has recently emerged as a valuable new paradigm for probing the properties of semiconductors and other materials on the nanoscale. Researchers have demonstrated a family of related techniques, including terahertz nanoscopy (elastic scattering, based on linear optics), time-resolved methods, and nanoscale terahertz emission spectroscopy. However, as with nearly all examples of s-SNOM since the technique's inception in the mid-1990s, the wavelength of the optical source coupled to the near-field tip is long, usually at energies of 2.5 eV or less. Challenges in coupling of shorter wavelengths (i.e., blue light) to the nanotip has greatly inhibited the study of nanoscale phenomena in wide bandgap materials such as Si and GaN. Here, we describe the first experimental demonstration of s-SNOM using blue light. With femtosecond pulses at 410 nm, we generate terahertz pulses directly from bulk silicon, spatially resolved with nanoscale resolution, and show that these signals provide spectroscopic information that cannot be obtained using near-infrared excitation. We develop a new theoretical framework to account for this nonlinear interaction, which enables accurate extraction of material parameters. This work establishes a new realm of possibilities for the study of technologically relevant wide-bandgap materials using s-SNOM methods.
Analysis of communication based distributed control of MMC for HVDC (2013)

Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) has gained a lot of interest in industry in the recent years due to its modular design and easy adaption for applications that require different power and voltage level. However, the control and operation of a real MMC consisting of large number of sub modules for high power and high voltage application is a very challenging task. For the reason that distributed control architecture could maintain the modularity of the MMC, this control architecture will be investigated and a distributed control system dedicated for MMC will be proposed in this paper. The suitable communication technologies, modulation and control techniques for the proposed distributed control system are discussed and compared. Based on the frequency domain modeling and analysis of the distributed control system, the controllers of the different control loops are designed by analytical methods and Matlab tools. Finally, sensitiveness of the distributed control system to modulation effect (phase-shifted PWM), communication delay, individual carrier frequency and sampling frequency is studied through simulations that are made in Matlab Simulink and PLECS.
A novel anthropomorphic multimodality phantom for MRI‐based radiotherapy quality assurance testing (2020)

The developed phantom provides tissue-like contrast on MRI and CT and can be used to validate MRI-based processes through comparison with standard CT-based processes.
Ab initioprediction of dopant segregation at elemental semiconductor grain boundaries without coordination defects (1992)

We present results of an extensive state-of-the-art ab initio study of the segregation of dopants to the \ensuremath{\Sigma}=5 tilt (310) grain boundary in germanium. Despite the lack of reactive bond coordination defects in this boundary, we predict a significant tendency for n-type dopants to segregate to the boundary. Our results lead to a general theory of dopant segregation at tetrahedrally bonded semiconductor defects, where lattice relaxation effects are irrelevant and segregation is driven by the mixing of localized carrier states of the defect with the hydrogenic states of the dopant.
Impact of Knee Injuries on Post-retirement Pain and Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Professional Basketball Players (2019)

A majority of retired NBA athletes in our study had knee pain, and many needed operative management during and after their NBA careers. NBA players score lower on quality-of-life measures than average North American men of similar age. Further research is needed to elucidate the best strategies for recognizing and treating knee injuries in these athletes.
Binding of urokinase to plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 mediates cell adhesion and spreading (1997)

Urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor are both found at the surface of the cell membrane in many cell types. The plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is often associated with the extracellular matrix. The spatial localization of these three molecules could account for their involvement in cell adhesion and/or migration. We have shown previously that the urokinase receptor mediates mechanical force transmission across the cell surface to the cytoskeleton. Here we investigated whether immobilized plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) could regulate cell spreading and cytoskeleton reorganization. Serum deprived human myogenic cells were plated in serum free medium onto bacteriologic dishes precoated with different extracellular matrix ligands (fibronectin, vitronectin, or type 1 collagen) or PAI-1 at increasing concentrations. The number of adherent cells and their projected area were quantitated after 3 hours of plating. PAI-1 promoted cell adhesion and spreading in a dose dependent manner. Addition of antibodies to PAI-1 inhibited the adhesion on PAI-1 coated dishes in a dose dependent way. The PAI-1 mediated cell adhesion required the presence of urokinase at the cell surface. Removal of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked proteins abolished cell adhesion on PAI-1 dish, suggesting its dependence on the presence of the urokinase receptor, a GPI-linked receptor. Furthermore, addition of antibodies against alpha v beta3 integrin completely inhibited cell adhesion on PAI-1, suggesting that alpha v beta3 might be the transmembrane molecule that physically connects the complex of PAI-1, urokinase, and urokinase receptor to the cytoskeleton. Visualization of spread cells stained for filamentous actin with confocal microscopy showed a dose-dependent increase of filopodia on PAI-1 coated dishes and cytoskeletal reorganization, suggesting a migratory profile. These data indicate that PAI-1 plays a direct role in dynamic cell adhesion particularly at the leading edge, where increased levels of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) are localized in migrating cells. Immobilized PAI-1 could therefore serve to bridge the cell surface with the extracellular matrix via the formation of a multimolecular complex that includes alpha v beta3 integrins in myogenic cells.
Imaging the Thermalization of Hot Carriers After Thermionic Emission Over a Polytype Barrier (2020)

Interfaces and the microscopic mechanisms of thermoelectric effects are important considerations in the thermal design of nanoelectronics, but progress is stymied by the difficulty of measuring thermal transport at the nanoscale. This study uses scanning thermal microscopy to obtain temperature maps of $i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n$ $o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o$ nanowire devices exhibiting heat pumping by thermionic emission. The lateral resolution is high enough to extract the electron thermalization length from the images and perform a complete thermoelectric characterization of the device. The thermalization length is of the order of the system's size, which can strongly guide our thinking about these effects in nanodevices.
An ultra low-power low-voltage programmable temperature detection circuit (2011)

The design of a low-power low-voltage programmable temperature detection circuit is described. The circuit provides a digital output that signals over-temperature and under- temperature conditions when die temperature rises above or falls below the programmed temperature thresholds. The output is obtained from the comparison between two temperature- related signals; the former has a CTAT with fixed thermal coefficient and the latter has an adjustable (PTAT, ZTAT or CTAT) thermal coefficient. The circuit design employs current as the main variable, based on the concept of inversion level. The circuit has been implemented in a 0.25μm standard CMOS process, operates down to 1.5V, occupies an area of 0.0235mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , consumes 750nA including bias circuitry, and has ±5% accuracy for threshold temperatures ranging from -40°C to 150°C.
Migraine genetics: from genome-wide association studies to translational insights (2016)

Understanding the molecular mechanisms that precede and give rise to a migraine attack is key to developing new therapeutic strategies. Advances towards this goal have recently been made through genome-wide association studies, which have identified new genetic components of migraine that highlight vascular etiologies and underline the polygenic nature of this disorder.
Erratum and Comments on ‘‘Nonlinear oscillations of gas bubbles in liquids: An interpretation of some experimental results’’ [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 7 3, 121–127 (1983)] (1984)

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Supplementary Methods from Transcriptional Mechanisms of Resistance to Anti–PD-1 Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary methods&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of the cannabinoid CB1receptor antagonist rimonabant on nociceptive responses and adjuvant‐induced arthritis in obese and lean rats (2007)

Rimonabant appears to be a potent inhibitor of sensorial hypersensitivity associated with CFA-induced arthritis in obese rats, in which the inflammatory reaction is more severe than in lean rats. It may thus have therapeutic potential in obesity-associated inflammatory diseases, particularly in the treatment of the pain associated with arthritis.
A Highly Linear Digital Detector for Noise Parameter Measurements at Microwave Frequencies (2001)

Improvements in the determination of the 4 real parameters Fmin, Rn, Gopt, Bopt which completely describe the noise behaviour of a linear two-port are presented. An accurate noise parameter measurement method, the seven-state-method, is developed. Contrary to previous works this method is mainly based on cold noise power measurements. An additional measurement of the input admittance of the DUT with a network analyser as needed for other techniques is not necessary. In addition, the noise power measurement accuracy is improved by the development of a highly linear digital detector.
A Probabilistic Adaptation Method for HTTP Low-Delay Live Streaming over Mobile Networks (2017)

The study focuses on the adaptation problem for HTTP low-delay live streaming over mobile networks. In this context, the client's small buffer could be easily underflown due to throughput variations. To maintain seamless streaming, we present a probabilistic approach to adaptively decide the bitrate for each video segment by taking into account the instant buffer level. The experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly reduce buffer underflows while providing high video bitrates.
Monolithic and heterogeneous integration of RGB micro-LED arrays with pixel-level optics array and CMOS image processor to enable small form-factor display applications (2020)

We report on Quantum Photonic Imager (QPI) device, which is comprised of a spatial array of digitally addressable multicolor micro-scale pixels, wherein each pixel is a vertical stack of Red, Green, Blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) with RGB light emission sharing the same optical aperture. Starting with Blue, Green and Red epi-wafers first processed to create any desired size micro-LED arrays with 5-10 &mu;m pixel pitch (pixelated), each of the 3 processed epi-wafers are sequentially bonded to a single receiving handle wafer followed by substrate removal and backside process to create a handle wafer with Blue, Green and Red micro-LED pixel arrays stacked vertically on top of each other. The handle wafer, which encapsulates stacked RGB pixel array, is also monolithically pre-processed to incorporate micro-scale pixel level optical elements array that is designed to collimate and directionally modulate the multi-color light emitted from the individual pixels of the LED array. A proprietary CMOS image processor is then bonded to the handle wafer combining the vertically stacked arrays of micro-scale pixel-level optics and LEDs. The QPI device alleviates inefficiencies associated with spatially or temporally multiplexed color pixel architectures, enabling high pixel density leading to small form-factor display system design. Low power display system operation is enabled by the QPI device. Small form-factor multi-color “wearable” AR displays with sub-1W power consumption utilizing QPI optically coupled to the edge of the AR combining lens have been demonstrated. Additionally, QPI enabled compact light field displays, head-up displays and pico projectors have also been demonstrated.
Genetic hypofibrinolysis in complicated pregnancies (2001)

Women with severe preeclampsia, abruptio placentae, fetal growth restriction, and stillbirth had increased incidence of the hypofibrinolytic 4G/4G mutation of the PAI-1 gene that is frequently associated with the thrombophilic factor V Leiden mutation, further predisposing them to thrombosis.
Multi-Rate Uplink Channel Prediction and Enhanced Link Adaptation for VoLTE (2015)

The paper presents an improvement of the long term evolution (LTE) link adaptation for voice over LTE (VoLTE). The underlying problem is associated with the speech frame structure of VoLTE, where the transmissions are typically scheduled every 40 ms, provided that discontinuous reception (DRX) is on. The channel estimates of each user are hence outdated each time a new uplink scheduling decision is made. The paper therefore suggests the application of channel prediction for slowly moving mobiles. A special challenge is then the fact that the channel measurements may be sampled by the rates 1 ms, 8 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms and 160 ms, in case of segmentation, retransmission, a normal speech frame, DRX and voice inactivity, respectively. A new optimal and adaptive channel prediction algorithm is developed to solve this multi-rate prediction problem. The algorithm combines a continuous time autoregressive (AR) model with the recursive least squares algorithm. An extensive system simulation study shows capacity improvements of 5-10% for Doppler frequencies below 10 Hz. The measured voice quality is also improved. No performance degradation appears in any of the simulated scenarios.
Conformational-Design-Driven Discovery of EZM0414: A Selective, Potent SETD2 Inhibitor for Clinical Studies (2022)

SETD2, a lysine <i>N</i>-methyltransferase, is a histone methyltransferase that plays an important role in various cellular processes and was identified as a target of interest in multiple myeloma that features a t(4,14) translocation. We recently reported the discovery of a novel small-molecule SETD2 inhibitor tool compound that is suitable for preclinical studies. Herein we describe the conformational-design-driven evolution of the advanced chemistry lead, which resulted in compounds appropriate for clinical evaluation. Further optimization of this chemical series led to the discovery of EZM0414, which is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of SETD2 with good pharmacokinetic properties and robust pharmacodynamic activity in a mouse xenograft model.
Extrapolation tool for load testing results (2011)

Load testing of IT applications is fraught with the challenges of time to market, quality of results, high cost of commercial tools, and accurately representing production like scenarios. It would help IT projects to be able to test with a small number of users and extrapolate to scenarios with much larger number of users. This in turn will cut down cycle times and costs and allow for a variety of extrapolations closer to production. We present a simple extrapolation technique based on statistical empirical modeling, which we have found to be more than 90% accurate across a range of applications running across a number of hardware servers. The technique has currently been validated for scenarios where the hardware is the bottleneck and is extensible to a wider range of scenarios as well.
The Effects of Particulate Wear Debris, Cytokines, and Growth Factors on the Functions of MG-63 Osteoblasts (2001)

MG-63 osteoblasts phagocytose particulate wear debris, and this process induces interleukin-6 production and suppresses type-I collagen synthesis. Osteoblast-derived interleukin-6 may induce osteoclast differentiation and/or activation, but the resorbed bone cannot be replaced by new bone because of diminished osteoblast function (reduced type-I collagen synthesis). Exogenous cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta), growth factors (insulin-like growth factor-I and transforming growth factor-beta1), and prostaglandin E2 can modify particulate-induced alterations of osteoblast functions.
Flow cytometric study of changes in the intracellular free calcium during the cell cycle (1996)

We measured the intracellular levels of free cytoplasmic calcium in different phases of the cell cycle in viable rat fibroblasts, using two parameter flow cytometric analysis with Hoechst 33342 as the DNA specific dye and Fluo-3 as the calcium sensitive dye. We studied changes in calcium levels during the G1 phase of cell cycle by arresting cells with chemical agents such as staurosporine and hydroxyurea or by density dependent arrest of cell growth. We show that levels of calcium are lowest at the beginning of G1 phase but rise steadily with its progression and culminate at the G1/S border. Our results suggest that complex changes occur in calcium levels during the process of mitotic division. During progression of S and G2 phases, calcium levels decline and increase respectively. Our results offer a new methodology to estimate intracellular calcium levels in specific phases of the cell cycle. Based upon these results we propose a general scheme representing the changes in the intracellular calcium concentration during the progression of the cell cycle.
EURETILE D7.3 - Dynamic DAL benchmark coding, measurements on MPI\n version of DPSNN-STDP (distributed plastic spiking neural net) and\n improvements to other DAL codes (2014)

The EURETILE project required the selection and coding of a set of dedicated\nbenchmarks. The project is about the software and hardware architecture of\nfuture many-tile distributed fault-tolerant systems. We focus on dynamic\nworkloads characterised by heavy numerical processing requirements. The\nambition is to identify common techniques that could be applied to both the\nEmbedded Systems and HPC domains. This document is the first public deliverable\nof Work Package 7: Challenging Tiled Applications.\n
Color and Illumination in the Hockney Theory: A Critical Evaluation (2003)

Recently it has been claimed that some early Renaissance painters used concave mirrors to project real inverted images onto their supports (paper, canvas, oak panel, &#x2026;) which they then traced or painted over, and that this was a key source of an apparent increase in naturalism and realism in European painting around 1420. This bold theory makes implicit and explicit assumptions about the illumination and associated optical technology used for such projections. We compute and experimentally verify that the illumination requirements of the projection method are quite severe, and that in most cases subjects would have had to have been illuminated by direct sunlight, which seems unlikely for many specific paintings. We show how modern &#x201C;re-enactments&#x201D; of the theory's procedure in this regard are sometimes misleading or flawed, generally biased in favor of the theory. In certain versions, and for certain paintings, the theory also has testable implications for the color in final paintings. Through computer manipulation of digital images of key Renaissance paintings, we test informally whether it is faithful reproduction of form and contour or instead of color that best explains the naturalism in early Renaissance paintings, and conclude that it is subtleties in color. We demonstrate how the optical projection technique never aids in the accurate rendering of color, and in certain implementations severely impedes in the accurate rendering of color. Our analysis of color and illumination argues against the projection theory generally, and further supports conclusions from image analyses of specific paintings in the debate.
Internet routing resilience to failures (2007)

Internet interdomain routing is policy-driven, and thus physical connectivity does not imply reachability. On average, routing on today's Internet works quite well, ensuring reachability for most networks and achieving reasonable performance across most paths. However, there is a serious lack of understanding of Internet routing resilience to significant but realistic failures such as those caused by the 911 event, the 2003 Northeast blackout, and the recent Taiwan earthquake in December 2006. In this paper, we systematically analyze how the current Internet routing system reacts to various types of failures by developing a realistic failure model, and then pinpoint reliability bottlenecks of the Internet. For validity of our simulation results, we generate topology graphs by addressing concerns over the incompleteness of topology and the inaccuracy of inferred AS relationships. By focusing on the impact of structural and policy properties, our analysis provides guidelines for future Internet design. The simulation tool we provide for analyzing routing resilience is also efficient to scale to Internet-size topologies.
Structure, Sodium Ion Role, and Practical Issues for β-alumina as a High-k Solution-Processed Gate Layer for Transparent and Low-Voltage Electronics (2011)

Sodium β-alumina (SBA)-based gate dielectric films have been developed for all solution-processed, transparent and low voltage field-effect transistors (FETs). Its high dielectric constant has been ascribed to sodium (Na+) ions in the crystal structure; however, there are no published experimental results concerning the contribution of Na+ ions to the dielectric behavior, and the degree of crystallinity of the thin films. In addition, as an ionic conductor, β-alumina could give rise to some issues such as leakage current caused by Na diffusion, threshold voltage shift due to interface charge accumulation and longer response time due to slower polarization of the Na+ ions. This paper will address these issues using zinc tin oxide (ZTO) FETs, and propose possible measures to further improve SBA-based gate materials for electronic devices.