gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manufacture of Clinical-Grade Human Clonal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Products from Single Colony Forming Unit-Derived Colonies Based on the Subfractionation Culturing Method (2015)

Stem cell products derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in clinical trials, and a few products have been already commercialized. However, the therapeutic effects of clinical-grade MSCs are still controversial owing to mixed results from recent clinical trials. A potential solution to overcome this hurdle may be to use clonal stem cells as the starting cell material to increase the homogeneity of the final stem cell products. We have previously developed an alternative isolation and culture protocol for establishing a population of clonal MSCs (cMSCs) from single colony forming unit (CFU)-derived colonies. In this study, we established a good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compatible procedure for the clinical-grade production of human bone marrow-derived cMSCs based on the subfractionation culturing method. We optimized the culture procedures to expand and obtain a clonal population of final MSC products from single CFU-derived colonies in a GMP facility. The characterization results of the final cMSC products met our preset criteria. Animal toxicity tests were performed in a good laboratory practice facility, and showed no toxicity or tumor formation in vivo. These tests include single injection toxicity, multiple injection toxicity, biodistribution analysis, and tumorigenicity tests in vivo. No chromosomal abnormalities were detected by in situ karyotyping using oligo-fluorescence in situ hydridization (oligo-FISH), providing evidence of genetic stability of the clinical-grade cMSC products. The manufacture and quality control results indicated that our GMP methodology could produce sufficient clonal population of MSC products from a small amount of bone marrow aspirate to treat a number of patients.
High-Power Machine Drive, Using Nonredundant 27-Level Inverters and Active Front End Rectifiers (2007)

A nonredundant 27-level inverter using ldquoHrdquo converters is being analyzed for high power machine drive applications. The main advantage of this kind of converter is the minimum harmonic distortion obtained at the machine side. The drawbacks are the large number of isolated dc power supplies required for each one of the three stages of the multistage converter. In this paper this problem has been overcome in two ways: 1) by using independent windings for each phase of the motor and 2) by using independent input transformers. Special configurations and combinations of diode rectifiers and active front end rectifiers for one of the stages of the drive are used to eliminate input harmonics. The topology can also keep high power factor at the input terminals. Simulation results are shown and some experiments with small three-stage prototype are displayed. The control of this multiconverter is being implemented using DSP controllers, which give flexibility to the system.
Extended Life Flight Results from the GeneSat-1 Biological Microsatellite Mission (2008)

The Genesat-1 technology demonstration mission validated the use of research quality instrumentation for in situ biological research and processing. After its launch from Wallops Flight Facility as a secondary payload off a Minotaur launch vehicle on December 16, 2006, all primary science and engineering test objectives were completed successfully within one month of operation. Since that time, additional trend analyses and experiments have been performed to further quantify the performance of the bus; such quantification is of particular interest for at least five heritage-based missions currently in development, three of which are set to launch in 2008 and two slated for 2009. This paper revisits the GeneSat-1 mission system and presents results from the extended mission.
Designing an Algorithm for Generating Named Spatial References (2015)

We describe an initial version of an algorithm for generating named references to locations of geographic scale. We base the algorithm design on evidence from corpora and experiments, which show that named entity usage is extremely frequent, even in less obvious scenes, and that names are normally used as the first focus on a global region. The current algorithm normally selects the Frames of Reference that humans also select, but it needs improvement to mix frames via a mereological mechanism.
Influence of age on the prognostic value of mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin in the general population (2012)

This study gives a detailed overview of the distribution of ADM in a general population and provides evidence that it is a potent and interesting biomarker in predicting cardiovascular events. These results seem especially applicable to younger subjects.
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Harbor Homoplasmic and Heteroplasmic Mitochondrial DNA Mutations While Maintaining Human Embryonic Stem Cell–like Metabolic Reprogramming (2011)

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been recently found to harbor genomic alterations. However, the integrity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within reprogrammed cells has yet to be investigated. mtDNA mutations occur at a high rate and contribute to the pathology of a number of human disorders. Furthermore, the lack of mtDNA integrity may alter cellular bioenergetics and limit efficient differentiation. We demonstrated previously that the derivation of iPSCs is associated with mitochondrial remodeling and a metabolic switch towards glycolysis. Here, we have discovered that alterations of mtDNA can occur upon the induction of pluripotency. Massively parallel pyrosequencing of mtDNA revealed that human iPSCs derived from young healthy donors harbored single base mtDNA mutations (substitutions, insertions, and deletions), both homoplasmic (in all mtDNA molecules) and heteroplasmic (in a fraction of mtDNAs), not present in the parental cells. mtDNA modifications were mostly common variants and not disease related. Moreover, iPSC lines bearing different mtDNA mutational loads maintained a consistent human embryonic stem cell-like reprogramming of energy metabolism. This involved the upregulation of glycolytic enzymes, increased glucose-6-phosphate levels, and the over-expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 protein, which reroutes the bioenergetic flux toward glycolysis. Hence, mtDNA mutations within iPSCs may not necessarily impair the correct establishment of pluripotency and the associated metabolic reprogramming. Nonetheless, the occurrence of pathogenic mtDNA modifications might be an important aspect to monitor when characterizing iPSC lines. Finally, we speculate that this random rearrangement of mtDNA molecules might prove beneficial for the derivation of mutation-free iPSCs from patients with mtDNA disorders.
Protein Labeling and Crosslinking by Covalent Aptamers (2021)

Abstract We developed a new approach to selectively modify native proteins in their biological environment using electrophilic covalent aptamers. These aptamers are generated through introduction of a proximity‐driven electrophile at specific nucleotide sites. Using thrombin as a proof‐of‐concept, we demonstrate that covalent aptamers can selectively transfer a variety of functional handles and/or irreversibly crosslink to the target protein. This approach offers broad programmability and high target specificity. Furthermore, it addresses issues common to aptamers such as instability towards endogenous nucleases and residence times during target engagement. Covalent aptamers are new tools that enable specific protein modification and sensitive protein detection. Moreover, they provide prolonged, nuclease‐resistant enzyme inhibition.
‘Just-Clean-Enough’: Optimization of Wet Chemical Cleaning Processes for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells (2016)

Advanced concepts for photovoltaic silicon solar cells, especially high-efficiency n-type solar cells, requires appropriate wet cleaning treatment in order to remove metallic contamination prior to high temperature processes like diffusion and passivation [1]. The cost of the cleaning process should be as low as possible that requires an optimized usage of the chemicals by increasing process tank lifetimes and developing dedicated feed and bleed recipes. The just clean enough concept has been developed to fulfil the needs of PV industry to minimize the consumption of chemicals. When the dominant contamination metal is identified in quality and quantity, a dedicated wet chemical cleaning process can be applied to remove the metal concentration from the semiconductor surface under a specified limit with the minimum volume on cleaning solution. The paper describes how to optimize a dedicated wet cleaning process for prominent metal impurities like Fe, Cu, Cr, Ti, Co and Zn. For each metal an exchange volume is determined to develop a feed and bleed recipe. The accumulation of the metal impurities in the process tank is calculated and process tank lifetimes are predicted.
Angle of Arrival Localization in {LTE} Using {MIMO} Pre-Coder Index Feedback (2013)

The paper presents a new angle of arrival (AoA) positioning technique for long term evolution (LTE) cellular systems. The method quantifies the directional correlation between TX antenna bore-sight and different multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) pre-coder indices. This correlation is used to develop an AoA positioning method that only builds on functionality and hardware available in standard LTE base stations. Measurements from a Swedish test network indicate that the method performs as expected.
The Reinvestigation of the Kinetics of the Metathesis Reactions t-C4H9• + HBr (HI) → i-C4H10 + Br• (I•) and of the t-C4H9• Free Radical Thermochemistry (2014)

A reinvestigation of the absolute rate constant of the metathesis reactions t-C4H9• + HBr → i-C4H10 + Br• (1) and t-C4H9• + HI → i-C4H10 + I• (2) was performed thanks to a recently developed apparatus consisting of a Knudsen reactor coupled to detection based on single-photon (VUV) photoionization mass spectrometry (SPIMS). It enables the generation of thermalized hydrocarbon free radicals owing to a source upstream of and external to the Knudsen reactor. The following Arrhenius expressions were obtained: k1 = 5.6(±1.4) × 10(–12) exp(−6.76(±0.94)/(RT)) and k2 = 2.0(±0.6) × 10(–11) exp(−8.48(±0.94)/(RT)) with R = 8.314 J mol(–1) K(–1) over the range 293 to 623 K. The mass balance of the reaction system based on closed shell product detection (CSPD) was checked in order to ensure the accuracy of the used reaction mechanism and as an independent check of k1 and k2. The wall-loss rate constants of the t-butyl free radical, kw(C4H9), were measured and found to be low compared with the corresponding escape rate constant, ke(C4H9), for effusion of t-C4H9• out of the Knudsen reactor. On the basis of the present results, the free radical standard heat of formation ΔfH298°(t-C4H9•) = 44.3 ± 1.7 kJ mol(–1) was obtained when combined with the kinetics of the inverse halogenation reaction taken from the literature and using S298°(t-C4H9•) = 322.2 J K(–1) mol(–1) following a “Third Law” evaluation method. The standard enthalpy for t-butyl free radical is consistent for both the bromination and iodination reactions within the stated uncertainties.
Non-invasive quantitative imaging of arterial wall elasticity using supersonic shear imaging (2008)

The concept of shear wave elasticity imaging is applied to arteries. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the potential of this technique for precisely and non-invasively quantifying the elasticity of the arterial wall. Experiments are performed in arterial phantoms composed of elastic cylindrical shells that have an elastic modulus in the range of human arteries stiffness. The feasibility of imaging the shear wave propagation in real-time and measuring the frequency dispersion over a large bandwidth (100-1500 Hz) is demonstrated with good accuracy. Experimental dispersion curves are in good agreement with the theoretical curves computed for each phantom. Based on the dispersion measurement, a simple method is developed to derive the elastic modulus of the arterial wall. Finally, the feasibility of quantifying non-invasively the elastic modulus of the arterial wall is demonstrated in vivo on healthy volunteers.
Néel lines in YIG single crystals (1978)

Faraday effect observations of Néel lines belonging to 180° Bloch walls in massive [110] YIG single crystals are reported. 180° walls appear to be bent and Néel lines are seen to be inclined inside the sample and to assume an S shape. When a small steady field is applied normal to the sample, a strong anchoring of Néel lines at the surfaces is observed. After saturation of a 180° wall, Néel lines, upon decreasing the field are seen to nucleate at one surface only. A detailed interpretation of the results must take into account the strong deformation of the sample inherent to the mode of observation.
High shear spheroidal topological fluid flow induced coating of polystyrene beads with C60 spicules (2021)

Spheroidal spicular like topological fluid flow in an angled vortex fluidic device (VFD) housing a 20 mm diameter tube with a hemispherical base rotating at 4k rpm and tilted at 45° is effective in reducing the thermodynamic equilibrium concentration of fullerene C60 in toluene, with the formation of spicules of the material under continuous flow processing. Under the same operational conditions in the presence of polystyrene beads 2 to 6 μm in diameter, spicules of C60ca. 150 nm in length grow on their surfaces. This establishes that the spheroidal topological fluid flow in the VFD prevails while enveloping spheroidal like particles of such size.
Tunable Electron-Electron Interactions inLaAlO3/SrTiO3Nanostructures (2016)

Electron-electron interactions are responsible for superconductivity, a state in which current flows without resistance. Researchers show that electron-electron interactions can be tuned at an oxide interface.
Using CHFR expression to predict response and survival after first line treatment with carboplatin-paclitaxel in NSCLC. (2012)

10625 Background: The identification of resistance mechanisms for conventional chemotherapy in lung cancer is of fundamental importance not only for personalization of chemotherapy but also for the subsequent development of novel targeted approaches to overcome this resistance. Currently, there is no clinically validated test for the prediction of response to tubulin-targeted agents in NSCLC. Our previous preclinical work identified Checkpoint with Forkhead and Ringfinger domain” (CHFR) as a predictor of taxane cytotoxicity in in vitro models. The current work assessed the translational significance of this finding in a cohort of US veterans treated at a single-institution. Methods: We studied a cohort of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with taxane-containing frontline regimens at the Atlanta VA Medical Center between 2000 and 2009. Archived paraffin-embedded tissue was retrieved and stained for CHFR expression using standard immunohistochemical techniques. Level of protein expression was assessed by light microscopy and scored for intensity of CHFR staining. Intensity of staining was correlated with clinical outcome including objective response and median overall survival using Chi-Square test and Cox proportional models. Results: We analyzed tumor samples from 45 eligible patients with median age 62.6 years, M/F (44/1). In this cohort, high expression of CHFR is strongly associated with adverse outcomes: the risk for progressive disease (PD) after first-line chemotherapy with carboplatin-paclitaxel was 54% in patients with CHFR-high vs. only 18% in those with CHFR-low tumors (HR 3.1; 95% CI 1.09-9.04; p=0.02). Median overall survival was strongly correlated with response to first-line therapy (clinical benefit: 9.24 months; PD: 4.7 months; p&lt;0.001) and with CHFR expression status (CHFR low: 10 months; CHFR high: 5.6 months; p =0.01). Conclusions: CHFR expression is a novel predictive marker of response and overall survival in NSCLC patients treated with taxane-containing chemotherapy.
Improving vaccines against tuberculosis (2003)

Tuberculosis remains a major cause of mortality and physical and economic deprivation worldwide. There have been significant recent advances in our understanding of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome, mycobacterial genetics and the host determinants of protective immunity. Nevertheless, the challenge is to harness this information to develop a more effective vaccine than BCG, the attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis derived by Calmette and Guérin nearly 90 years ago. Some of the limitations of BCG include the waning of the protective immunity with time, reduced effectiveness against pulmonary tuberculosis compared to disseminated disease, and the problems of a live vaccine in immuno-compromised subjects. Two broad approaches to vaccine development are being pursued. New live vaccines include either attenuated strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis produced by random mutagenesis or targeted deletion of putative virulence factors, or by genetic manipulation of BCG to express new antigens or cytokines. The second approach utilizes non-viable subunit vaccines to deliver immunodominant mycobacterial antigens. Both protein and DNA vaccines induce partial protection against experimental tuberculosis infection in mice, however, their efficacy has generally been equivalent to or less than that of BCG. The comparative effects of cytokine adjuvants and vaccines targeting antigen presenting cells on enhancing protection will be discussed. Coimmunization with plasmid interleukin-12 and a DNA vaccine expressing Antigen 85B, a major secreted protein, was as protective as BCG. The combination of priming with DNA-85B and boosting with BCG was superior to BCG alone. Therefore it is possible to achieve a greater level of protection against tuberculosis than with BCG, and this highlights the potential for new tuberculosis vaccines in humans.
Integration of sensorimotor mappings by making use of redundancies (2012)

We present a novel approach to learn and combine multiple input to output mappings. Our system can employ the mappings to find solutions that satisfy multiple task constraints simultaneously. This is done by training a network for each mapping independently and maintaining all solutions to multivalued mappings. Redundancies are resolved online through dynamic competitions in neural fields. The performance of the approach is demonstrated in the example application of inverse kinematics learning. We show simulation results for the humanoid robot iCub where we trained two networks: One to learn the kinematics of the robot's arm and one to learn which postures are close to joint limits. We show how our approach can be used to easily integrate multiple mappings that have been learned separately from each other. When multiple goals are given to the system, such as reaching for a target location and avoiding joint limits, it dynamically selects a solution that satisfies as many goals as possible.
A fluorescence biochip with a plasmon active surface (2007)

We present details of the development of a optical biochip, with integrated on-chip laser excitation, for fluorescence intensity cell based assays. The biochip incorporates an "active surface" for the control and manipulation of fluorescent species placed directly on the device. The active elements of the biochip are one-dimensional periodic sub-wavelength corrugations fabricated on a thin gold film. We have made fluorescence intensity measurements of both an organic dye (Cy5), and immobilized and fluorescently labeled (with 705 nm emitting quantum dots), mammalian tumor cells in contact with the active surface. Here we show that the presence of the periodic grating can be used to control both the excitation and fluorescence generation process itself. We demonstrate that the gratings convert evanescent surface optical modes into well-defined beams of radiation in the far-field and at the surface of the device this produces highly contrasting regions of fluorescence excitation providing regions of high spatial selectivity.
Cycloisomerization of Olefins in Water (2020)

Preparative chemical reactions that occur efficiently under dilute, buffered, aqueous conditions in the presence of biomolecules find application in ligation, peptide synthesis, polynucleotide synthesis and sequencing. However, the identification of functional groups or reagents that are mutually reactive with one another, but unreactive with biopolymers and water, is challenging. Here we show that cobalt catalysts will react with the alkenes of unsaturated tertiary amines under dilute, aqueous, buffered conditions and promote efficient cycloisomerization, in many cases mediating a formal Friedel-Crafts reaction. We find the constraining conditions of biorthogonal chemistry to be beneficial for reaction efficiency as we obtain superior conversion at low catalyst concentration and maintain competent rates in dilute conditions. The efficiency at high dilution in the presence of buffer and nucleobases suggests that these conditions may find use on or in the presence of biomolecules.
Effects of Intraoperative Tensioning of an Anterolateral Spinal Tether on Spinal Growth Modulation in a Porcine Model (2010)

No difference in the investigated sagittal balance parameters was seen between patients treated with PLF + ALIF or posterolateral fusion alone. Lumbar lordosis and type of lordosis correlated with outcome but could not explain the superior outcome in the group with anterior support. Whether sagittal balance and anterior support during fusion provide a protective effect on adjacent motion segments remains unclear.
Tx-Rx isolation exploiting tunable balanced - Unbalanced antennas architecture (2012)

The duplex filter is probably still the most expensive component in mobile handsets for the significant Transmitter (Tx) - Receiver (Rx) isolation required. This paper suggests to relax or even replace the duplex filter by equipping the Tx and the Rx with two separate antennas. The two antennas are different in the sense that one is balanced and the other is unbalanced. By properly controlling the two arms of the balanced antenna, impressive Tx-Rx isolation is obtained by canceling the coupling trans-impedance between the two antennas.
A role for BRCA1 in sporadic breast cancer (2003)

To test the hypothesis that altered expression of BRCA1 protein may play an important role in sporadic breast cancer development, 50 randomly selected primary breast cancers (frozen sections, 5 years' median follow-up) were immunolabelled with two monoclonal BRCA1 antibodies (MS110 and MS13). MS110 labelling was exclusively nuclear showing no relation to outcome or tumour pathology. Western blotting demonstrated crossreactivity, suggesting antibody nonspecificity. MS13 labelling was predominantly cytoplasmic. Intense labelling predicted decreased overall survival (P=0.012), disease-free survival (P=0.029), oestrogen receptor negativity (P=0.0004) and c-erbB-2 overexpression (P=0.006). Western blotting detected a 110 kDa molecule consistent with BRCA1 delta11b splice variant. BRCA1 protein is postulated to function as a tumour suppressor. We demonstrate cytoplasmic localisation in sporadic breast cancer suggesting excess delta11b splice variant production, reduced production of full-length BRCA1 and thus postulate reduced tumour suppressor activity. BRCA1 protein appears to have a significant role in both sporadic and hereditary breast cancers.