gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wood Extractives of Silver Fir and Their Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties (2021)

The chemical composition of extractives in the sapwood (SW), heartwood (HW), knotwood (KW), and branchwood (BW of silver fir (<i>Abies alba</i> Mill.) was analyzed, and their antifungal and antioxidant properties were studied. In addition, the variability of extractives content in a centripetal direction, i.e., from the periphery of the stem towards the pith, was investigated. The extracts were analyzed chemically with gravimetry, spectrophotometry, and chromatography. The antifungal and antioxidative properties of the extracts were evaluated by the agar well diffusion method and the diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. Average amounts of hydrophilic extractives were higher in KW (up to 210.4 mg/g) and BW (148.6 mg/g) than in HW (34.1 mg/g) and SW (14.8 mg/g). Extractives identified included lignans (isolariciresinol, lariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, matairesinol) phenolic acids (homovanillic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid), and flavonoids epicatechin, taxifolin, quercetin). Secoisolariciresinol was confirmed to be the predominant compound in the KW (29.8 mg/g) and BW (37.6 mg/g) extracts. The largest amount of phenolic compounds was extracted from parts of knots (281.7 mg/g) embedded in the sapwood and from parts of branches (258.9 mg/g) adjacent to the stem. HW contained more lignans in its older sections. Hydrophilic extracts from knots and branches inhibited the growth of wood-decaying fungi and molds. KW and BW extracts were better free radical scavengers than HW extracts. The results of the biological activity tests suggest that the protective function of phenolic extracts in silver fir wood can also be explained by their antioxidative properties. The results of this study describe BW as a potential source of phenolic extractives in silver fir.
Comparison of analog and digital network coding approaches for bidirectional relaying with private messages to the relay (2011)

In this paper, a multi-antenna two-way relaying protocol is proposed whereby two source nodes wishing to exchange information via a relay node additionally send private messages intended solely for the relay. In particular, we investigate the performance of this bidirectional relaying protocol over fading channels when the relay and source nodes are equipped with multiple antennas thus enabling them to leverage diversity and/or multiplexing gains. Specifically, provided enough antennas are available at the relay, the latter may opt for a demodulate-and-forward approach whereby it demodulates all incoming streams before broadcasting solely the messages to be exchanged between the source nodes or it may opt for a generalized analog network coding approach whereby it only demodulates the private messages destined for the relay's own sake while treating the messages to be exchanged between the source nodes as colored noise, subtracting the demodulated information from the overall received signal and then broadcasting the remaining part of the received signal. We compare how the two approaches fare when coupled with different multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection techniques thus striking suitable tradeoffs between performance and implementation complexity for the generalized multi-antenna two-way relaying channel under consideration.
A Phrase-Based HMM Approach to Document/Abstract Alignment (2004)

We describe a model for creating word-to-word and phrase-to-phrase alignments between documents and their human written abstracts. Such alignments are critical for the development of statistical summarization systems that can be trained on large corpora of document/abstract pairs. Our model, which is based on a novel Phrase-Based HMM, outperforms both the Cut &amp;amp; Paste alignment model (Jing, 2002) and models developed in the context of machine translation (Brown et al., 1993). 1
The Sensor Kinase KinB Regulates Virulence in Acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection (2011)

Two-component sensors are widely used by bacteria to sense and respond to the environment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has one of the largest sets of two-component sensors known in bacteria, which likely contributes to its unique ability to adapt to multiple environments, including the human host. Several of these two-component sensors, such as GacS and RetS, have been shown to play roles in virulence in rodent infection models. However, the role and function of the majority of these two-component sensors remain unknown. Danio rerio is a recently characterized model host for pathogenesis-related studies that is amenable to higher-throughput analysis than mammalian models. Using zebrafish embryos as a model host, we have systematically tested the role of 60 two-component sensors and identified 6 sensors that are required for P. aeruginosa virulence. We found that KinB is required for acute infection in zebrafish embryos and regulates a number of virulence-associated phenotypes, including quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and motility. Its regulation of these phenotypes is independent of its kinase activity and its known response regulator AlgB, suggesting that it does not fit the canonical two-component sensor-response regulator model.
Supporting Information to "Development of an open-access and explainable machine learning prediction system to assess the mortality and recurrence risk factors of Clostridioides difficile infection patients: Model Training and Hyperparameter Optimization with Cross-Validation" (2020)

Identifying Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) patients at risk of mortality or recurrence will facilitate prevention, timely treatment and improve clinical outcomes. We aim to establish an open-access web-based prediction system, which estimates CDI patients’ mortality and recurrence outcomes, and explains the machine learning prediction with patients’ characteristics. Prognostic models were developed using four various types of machine learning algorithms and statistical logistics regression model utilizing over 15,000 CDI patients from 41 hospitals in Hong Kong. The boosting-based machine learning algorithm Gradient Boosting Machine (Mortality AUC: 0.7878; Recurrence AUC: 0.7076) outperformed statistical models (Mortality AUC: 0.7573; Recurrence AUC: 0.6927) and other machine learning algorithms. The open-access prediction system for clinicians to assess and interpret the risk factors of CDI patients is now available at https://www.cdiml.care/. In this article, we explain the development of machine learning models and illustrate how to apply hyperparameter tuning with cross-validation to optimize the model accuracy.
Continuous Wear of Night and Day Orthosis Is a Key Factor for Improvement of Fixed Equinus Deformity after the Transverse Vulpius Procedure (2022)

<i>Background:</i> Equinus foot deformity is secondary to either spasticity or contracture of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex. The plantar flexion is basically treated conservatively; several different surgical methods have been discussed. This paper focuses on the improvement of passive ankle dorsiflexion after a transverse Vulpius procedure in equinus foot deformity. Additionally, the influence of consequent postoperative wear of orthosis on the improvement of ankle range of motion was investigated. <i>Methods:</i> In total, 41 patients with neuromuscular impairment and 59 equinus feet deformities were surgically treated by using a transverse Vulpius procedure. A total of 19 female patients and 22 male patients with a mean age at surgery of 10.18 years (2 to 31) were included. Mean follow-up took place 12.26 ± 7.95 months after surgery. Passive ankle dorsiflexion was measured and subjective patients' satisfaction was assessed. <i>Results:</i> Range of motion, measured as the maximum of passive ankle joint dorsiflexion, improved significantly from -8° ± 5.9° to 11.1° ± 6.7° directly after surgery to 16.2° ± 10.7° at follow-up. The improvement of passive ankle dorsiflexion was significantly associated with the continuous wearing of night and day orthosis (<i>p</i> = 0.0045). Patient subjective satisfaction was very high. <i>Conclusion:</i> A transverse Vulpius procedure for aponeurotic gastrocnemius and soleus muscle lengthening of equinus foot deformity resulted in a significant improvement of passive ankle dorsiflexion. Positive surgical results correlated to a continuous use of orthotic devices.
Numerical Analysis of Cross‐Sectional Effects During the Magnetic Pulse Disassembly of Laminate Structures (2023)

To improve the performances of engineered systems, laminate composite structures are widely used as they offer the best strength‐to‐weight ratio. However, maintenance and recycling of these structures still remain a challenge. One solution can be to disassemble the layers, without damaging them, so that they can be repaired, reused, or recycled. To do so, impulsive sources such as high pulsed powers are considered. Herein, the influence of transverse or cross‐sectional effects on the wave propagation within the laminate and on its disassembly conditions is studied by means of two‐dimensional numerical simulations performed on a model assembly using the finite element method. The specimen considered is an aluminum/steel assembly joined along a stripe. Two different modelings of the loading applied to the laminate of increasing complexity are successively considered. First, linear elastodynamic simulations show that transverse effects reduce by around 12% the maximum achievable interfacial tensile stress ratio compared with that predicted by the 1D reference model. Then, weakly coupled eddy current‐linear elastodynamic numerical analyses clarify the latter result with an estimation of about 16% with respect to the 1D analytical solution. These results permit the design of experiments serving as a proof of concept of the proposed process.
Implementing <inline-formula><math display="inline" overflow="scroll"><msup><mi>JM</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math></inline-formula> Acronyms (2008)

The <i>Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology</i> (JM3) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
Demonstration of Software Defined Network Services Utilizing Quantum Key Distribution Fully Integrated with Standard Telecommunication Network (2020)

We present a demonstration of software defined networking (SDN) services utilizing quantum key distribution (QKD) technology, fully integrated with standard telecommunication network connecting production facilities of Telefonica in Madrid. All communications “co-propagate” over the same fiber infrastructure.
Single‐breathhold 3D‐trueFISP cine cardiac imaging (2002)

Cardiac MRI function measurements are typically based on multiple breathhold 2D sequences to acquire images of the entire heart. In the present study, the feasibility of a cine 3D TrueFISP technique in which several complete volumetric measurements may be obtained during a single breathhold is demonstrated. In contrast to 3D FLASH, the TrueFISP sequence offers an excellent contrast between the myocardium and the intraventricular cavity without the use of contrast agent. An ECG-gated 3D cine TrueFISP sequence was implemented with a repetition time of 2.4-2.8 ms, which allows imaging of the complete heart within a single breathhold throughout 20-46 heartbeats with a 3D frame rate of 8-13 volumes per cardiac cycle and a spatial resolution of about 1.5 x 3.5 x 3.5 mm(3). Breathhold volumetric cine imaging with the 3D TrueFISP technique holds promise for rapid and accurate evaluation of the cardiac regional wall motion and the calculation of cardiac volume and ejection fraction.
Multiscale Tomographic Wave-Matter Interaction Modeling to Enable Artifact-Free Material Defect Reconstruction (2020)

Abstract The fabrication and subsequent in-service excitation of materials/structures invariably generates significant defects including cracks, voids and inclusions, spanning many length scales. The various technologies available for detecting and qualitatively describing such defects suffer from the introduction of various degrees inaccuracy when it comes to the quantification of defect geometry. This can have an adverse impact on modeling and understanding how the material/part/structure performance is effected by these defects. The main cause of this shortcoming is that aspects of the physical processes used to interrogate the material system, using monochromatic or polychromatic waves such as X-ray, mm-wave, or ultrasound, are not taken into account. These waves interact with the multiscale defect ensemble in a complex fashion that inevitably produces spurious “artifacts” in the resulting data, which cannot be removed via conventional data post-processing. These artifacts then introduce unacceptable levels of error when reconstructing defect geometry and computing the remaining lifespan of defect-bearing materials/structures. The present work introduces preliminary efforts towards a multiscale modeling and simulation framework for capturing the interactions of waves (such as X-rays) with materials bearing defect ensembles. It is shown that conventional approaches such as ray tracing are not adequate, and a more robust solution to the relevant wave equations utilizing the Finite Element discretization is employed. A general parameterization of defect geometries based on superquadratic functions is also introduced, and the interactions of defects modeled in this fashion with X-rays are investigated. It is also shown that this combination of parameterization and modeling techniques allows the recovery of true, artifact-free defect geometry utilizing classical inverse methods. The methodology is demonstrated using synthetic tomographic data, and the path forward to a more complete realization of this technology is outlined.
Blind Multiuser Detection By Accelerated Subspace Tracking (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
IFN-α/β Signaling Is Required for Polarization of Cytokine Responses toward a Protective Type 1 Pattern during Experimental Cryptococcosis (2008)

The antiviral activities of type I IFNs have long been established. However, comparatively little is known of their role in defenses against nonviral pathogens. We examined here the effects of type I IFNs on host resistance against the model pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. After intratracheal or i.v. challenge with this fungus, most mice lacking either the IFN-alpha/beta receptor (IFN-alpha/betaR) or IFN-beta died from unrestrained pneumonia and encephalitis, while all wild-type controls survived. The pulmonary immune response of IFN-alpha/betaR-/- mice was characterized by increased expression of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10, decreased expression of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, inducible NO synthetase, and CXCL10, and similar levels of IL-12 mRNA, compared with wild-type controls. Histopathological analysis showed eosinophilic infiltrates in the lungs of IFN-alpha/betaR-/- mice, although this change was less extensive than that observed in similarly infected IFN-gammaR-deficient animals. Type I IFN responses could not be detected in the lung after intratracheal challenge. However, small, but statistically significant, elevations in IFN-beta levels were measured in the supernatants of bone marrow-derived macrophages or dendritic cells infected with C. neoformans. Our data demonstrate that type I IFN signaling is required for polarization of cytokine responses toward a protective type I pattern during cryptococcal infection.
Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume IV – gas phase reactions of organic halogen species (2007)

Abstract. This article, the fourth in the series, presents kinetic and photochemical data sheets evaluated by the IUPAC Subcommittee on Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation for Atmospheric Chemistry. It covers the gas phase and photochemical reactions of organic halogen species, which were last published in 1997, and were updated on the IUPAC website in 2006. The article consists of a summary sheet, containing the recommended kinetic parameters for the evaluated reactions, and four appendices containing the data sheets, which provide information upon which the recommendations are made.
[Hormonal and pharmacological modification of the ileocecal sphincter]. (1977)

In this work a comprehensive two-dimensional system (GC6GC) was coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF/MS) for the analysis of oil samples. Group-types like the alkanes and saturated cyclic compounds (naphthenes), which are present in oil, are shown\nseparately by selecting their unique masses. On selecting appropriate ion fragments, this method also permits the determination of sulfurand oxygen-containing species in oil. Former results obtained by FID detection could be confirmed. After proper selection of unique ions in GC6GC-TOF both selectivity and sensitivity increase.
Development of pilot-scale fermentation and stabilisation processes for the production of microsclerotia of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum strain F52 (2012)

Abstract Using 100 L stirred-tank bioreactors, we evaluated the effect of fermentation parameters and drying protocols on the production and stabilisation of microsclerotia (MS) of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum (formerly M. anisopliae F52). Results showed that stirred-tank bioreactors can be used to mass produce stable MS of Metarhizium and that culturing and drying protocols significantly affected MS yield and stability. Length of fermentation (4–7 days) for Metarhizium cultures had no significant impact on biomass accumulation, MS formation or the storage stability of the air-dried MS granules. Although cultures of Metarhizium grown on media with a carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 30:1 produced significantly more biomass when compared to cultures grown in media with a C:N ratio of 50:1, MS formation and desiccation tolerance following drying were similar. After storage for 1 year at 4°C, conidia production by air-dried MS granules from 50:1 media was significantly higher compared to MS granules from 30:1 media. The addition of diatomaceous earth (DE) to cultures of Metarhizium prior to drying at rates of 0–60 g L−1 had no significant effect on MS desiccation tolerance but did impact conidia production. Air-dried MS granules without DE produced significantly more conidia g−1 during the first 4 months of storage, but after 1 year, conidia production was similar regardless of DE content of the MS granule. Microsclerotial granules with higher moisture levels (2.6–5.0% w/w) produced significantly more conidia immediately after drying and MS granules with low moisture (0–2.5% w/w) produced more conidia after 12 months storage.
A Method of Signaling Precoder Information for Dynamical Spectrum Shaping (2010)

In this paper, we propose a method for signalling precoder information in cognitive radio networks employing precoded OFDM. In this way, radio transmitters in said cognitive radio networks change their spectral occupancy from one time to another, characterized by the steps of 1. The network determines a suitable precoder uniquely characterized by a codebook index from a finite codebook of precoders, said codebook being known at both the network-side and by the mobile units. 2. The network informs the relevant mobile units about the precoder to use by broadcasting the codebook index Meanwhile, we propose several measurement based optimization methods for spectrum shaping to determine the suitable precoder from, for instance, a database of interference information, or feedback information from UEs about their current interference and noise environment, then notify the precoder information over a CPC. We could use a codebook of precoders each being designed for a certain radio scenario, this precoder jointly considering noise level and frequency band. We could use a codebook with precoders forcing the OFDM signal to be N-continuous and where said codebook index is directly related to the continuity order N. We also could use a codebook with precoders forcing the spectrum of the OFDM signal to be zero at pre-defined frequencies f0...fM, and where said codebook index is directly related to the said frequencies. .
Radiofrequency Current Catheter Ablation of Accessory Atrioventricular Pathways in Ebstein's Anomaly (1996)

In patients with Ebstein's anomaly and reentrant atrioventricular tachycardias, factors likely to account for failure of RF catheter ablation include an AP located along the atrialized right ventricle and the abnormal morphology of endocardial activation potentials generated in this region.
Effects of Candesartan Compared With Amlodipine in Hypertensive Patients With High Cardiovascular Risks (2008)

The Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan Trial was designed to compare the long-term effects of the angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan and the calcium channel blocker amlodipine on the incidence of cardiovascular events, represented as a composite of sudden death and cerebrovascular, cardiac, renal, and vascular events in high-risk Japanese hypertensive patients. We conducted a prospective, randomized, open-label study with blinded assessment of the end point in 4728 Japanese hypertensive patients (mean age: 63.8 years; mean body mass index: 24.6 kg/m(2)). Patients were followed for an average of 3.2 years. Blood pressure was well controlled with both treatment-based regimens (systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure: 136.1/77.3 mm Hg for candesartan-based regimens and 134.4/76.7 mm Hg for amlodipine-based regimens after 3 years). Primary cardiovascular events occurred in 134 patients with both the candesartan- and amlodipine-based regimens. The 2 treatment-based regimens produced no significant differences in cardiovascular morbidity or mortality in the high-risk Japanese hypertensive patients (hazard ratio: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.28; P=0.969). In each primary end point category, there was no significant difference between the 2 treatment-based regimens. New-onset diabetes occurred in fewer patients taking candesartan (8.7/1000 person-years) than in those taking amlodipine (13.6/1000 person-years), which resulted in a 36% relative risk reduction (hazard ratio: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.97; P=0.033). We disclosed that candesartan-based and amlodipine-based regimens produced no statistical differences in terms of the primary cardiovascular end point, whereas candesartan prevented new-onset diabetes more effectively than amlodipine.