gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of neutrally colorless, transparent polynorbornenes with multiple redox‐active chromophores via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization toward electrochromic applications (2011)

Abstract A new electrochromic norbornene derivative containing triphenylamine groups (NBDTPAC8) was synthesized using norbornene amine and bromotriphenylamine. NBDTPAC8 was used in ring‐opening metathesis polymerization to obtain poly(NBDTPAC8) using different Grubbs' catalysts and followed by hydrogen reduction to obtain poly(HNBDTPAC8). The glass transition temperatures ( T g ) of poly(NBDTPAC8) and hydrogenated poly(HNBDTPAC8) were 132 and 89 °C, respectively. Poly(HNBDTPAC8) film exhibited a fluorescence maximum around 416 nm with a quantum yield of up to 60%. Hydrogenated poly(HNBDTPAC8) film showed excellent transparency (up to 93%). Poly(HNBDTPAC8) showed cyclic voltammetric and electrochromic behaviors similar to those of poly(NBDTPAC8). The cyclic voltammogram of a poly(HNBDTPAC8) film cast onto an indium tin oxide (ITO)‐coated glass substrate exhibited three reversible oxidation redox couples at 0.69, 0.94 and 1.38 V versus Ag/Ag + in an acetonitrile solution. The electrochromic characteristics of poly(HNBDTPAC8) showed excellent stability and reversibility, with multi‐staged color changes from its colorless neutral form to green, light blue and dark blue upon the application of potentials ranging from 0 to 1.60 V. The color switching time and bleaching time of the poly(HNBDTPAC8) film were 6.2 s and 4.3 s at 1175 nm and 6.6 s and 4.4 s at 970 nm, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.
Advanced Diagnosis for Sustainable Flight Guidance and Control: The European ADDSAFE Project (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The state-of-practice for aircraft manufacturers to diagnose guidance &amp;amp; control faults and obtain full flight envelope protection at all times is to provide high levels of dissimilar hardware redundancy. This ensures sufficient available control action and allows performing coherency tests, cross and consistency checks, voting mechanisms and built-in test techniques of varying sophistication. This hardware-redundancy based fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) approach is nowadays the standard industrial practice and fits also into current aircraft certification processes while ensuring the highest level of safety standards.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the context of future “sustainable” aircraft (More Affordable, Smarter, Cleaner and Quieter), the Electrical Flight Control System (EFCS) design objectives, originating from structural loads design constraints, are becoming more and more stringent. The main issue is weight saving as this improves aircraft performance (e.g. consumption, noise, range) and consequently decreases its environmental footprint.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A consortium of European industrial partners, research establishments and Universities has been established with funding from the European Union 7th Framework Program (EU-FP7) to address the aforementioned challenge. The overall aim of the project, termed Advanced Fault Diagnosis for Sustainable Flight Guidance and Control (ADDSAFE), is to research and develop model-based FDD methods for aircraft flight control systems faults, predominantly sensor and actuator malfunctions. The importance of the studies performed within the project arises due to the industrial representativeness of the benchmark and fault problematic, indeed the final goal of the project is to validate the more promising designs in the actual Airbus flight control system verification and validation (V&amp;amp;V) setup: from high-fidelity simulation models to the Iron Bird, and including real aircraft actuator rigs.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This article presents the ADDSAFE project, covering its objectives as well as presenting the aircraft benchmark, fault scenarios and industrial V&amp;amp;V tools that will be used in the project.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
To repair or not to repair: with FAVOR there is no question (2016)

In the mask shop the challenges associated with today’s advanced technology nodes, both technical and economic, are becoming increasingly difficult. The constant drive to continue shrinking features means more masks per device, smaller manufacturing tolerances and more complexity along the manufacturing line with respect to the number of manufacturing steps required. Furthermore, the extremely competitive nature of the industry makes it critical for mask shops to optimize asset utilization and processes in order to maximize their competitive advantage and, in the end, profitability. Full maximization of profitability in such a complex and technologically sophisticated environment simply cannot be achieved without the use of smart automation. Smart automation allows productivity to be maximized through better asset utilization and process optimization. Reliability is improved through the minimization of manual interactions leading to fewer human error contributions and a more efficient manufacturing line. In addition to these improvements in productivity and reliability, extra value can be added through the collection and cross-verification of data from multiple sources which provides more information about our products and processes. When it comes to handling mask defects, for instance, the process consists largely of time consuming manual interactions that are error prone and often require quick decisions from operators and engineers who are under pressure. The handling of defects itself is a multiple step process consisting of several iterations of inspection, disposition, repair, review and cleaning steps. Smaller manufacturing tolerances and features with higher complexity contribute to a higher number of defects which must be handled as well as a higher level of complexity. In this paper the recent efforts undertaken by ZEISS to provide solutions which address these challenges, particularly those associated with defectivity, will be presented. From automation of aerial image analysis to the use of data driven decision making to predict and propose the optimized back end of line process flow, productivity and reliability improvements are targeted by smart automation. Additionally the generation of the ideal aerial image from the design and several repair enhancement features offer additional capabilities to improve the efficiency and yield associated with defect handling.
Classification of compound document image patterns by MCR stroke index (2002)

A feature called "stroke index" is introduced for document image analysis. It is based on the minimum covering run (MCR) expression method is introduced. This stroke index is a function of the number of horizontal and vertical runs in the original image and of number of runs by the MCR expression. As document images may present a variety of patterns such as graph, text, picture, or dithered image, it is necessary for image understanding to classify these different patterns into categories beforehand. It is shown how one could use this stroke index for such applications as classification or segmentation. This paper also gives an insight into the possibility of stroke extraction from document images, in addition to classifying different patterns in a compound image.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Traffic pattern based virtual network embedding (2013)

Virtual Network Embedding (VNE) algorithms are used to find the best embedding of multiple Virtual Networks (VNs) with respect to a performance metric such as network utilization. However, most algorithms assume that the demands of the VNs are static over time. We focus on VNE algorithms for VNs whose demands are changing according to traffic patterns of their provided services. In order to always guarantee high performance and network resource efficiency, the embedding of the VNs has to change, i.e., the VNs have to be re-embedded. By considering traffic patterns of different services, we propose an algorithm that looks ahead and minimize the impact of reconfigurations that are the result of a re-embedding. First simulation results show the potential of VNE algorithms that consider the behavior of evolving service demands.
Vibration Suppression Control of Linear Robot Vertical Arm (2020)

Vertical arm of linear robot is for taking the product out of the mold. The residual vibration causes the contact between the mold and vertical arm and the deterioration of the positioning accuracy. And the production efficiency decreases by taking time to converge the residual vibration. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to construct a vibration suppression control system. In order to perform vibration suppression control, the residual vibration and the dynamic characteristics of vertical arm is evaluated by experimental mode analysis. Based on these results, I construct a vibration suppression control system by applying Input Shaping.
Initial Assessment of the Weavability of Monazite‐Coated Oxide Fibers (2004)

A preliminary assessment was made of the viability of weaving cloth from LaPO 4 (monazite) coated Nextel™ 720 and Nextel 610 fiber tows. As part of the assessment, the effect of coating speed on coating uniformity was evaluated. The results enabled the selection of a higher coating speed (6 cm·s −1 ) for the coating and sizing of Nextel 610 tow. Sizing the coated tow with polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene glycol dissolved in water was found to be effective. The coatings remained on the fibers, and the fiber strength was retained following the weaving process.
64 A cloning and expression system of the neoantigen-specific TCRs from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by single-cell sequencing of paired TCRα and TCRβ chains (2021)

<h3>Background</h3> T-cells that target tumor neoantigens arising from cancer mutations are the primary mediators of cancer immunotherapies. Identifying neoantigens and T-cells that recognize them is essential for T-cell-based immunotherapy. However, neoantigen-reactive Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are highly differentiated or exhausted with a limited proliferative capacity; it is challenging to expand them for a sufficient number to probe their specificity. Therefore, we developed a novel cloning and expression system to examine TCRs discovered by single-cell sequencing of TILs for their neoantigen-specificity. <h3>Methods</h3> TILs of lung cancer and sarcoma were analyzed. Surgically removed tumors were divided into several pieces. They were enzymatically digested to prepare fresh tumor digest (FTD) and cryopreserved. They were used to generate TIL cultures and perform WES and RNA-Seq to identify tumor-specific mutations. MHCflurry was used to predict the binding affinity of potential epitopes arising from these mutations to HLA class I. Peptides that were predicted to bind to patients‘ own MHC class I molecules strongly were then synthesized. Single TILs isolated with the ICELL8® cx system (Takara Bio) were dispensed into a nanowell TCR chip containing preprinted barcodes. Barcoded cDNAs were PCR-amplified in-chip, pooled off-chip, and used as a template in the TCR-specific PCR or for the whole transcriptome library generation of 5’ ends of all transcripts. Based on single-cell transcriptome data and TCR profiles of TILs, we predict and prioritize neoantigen-specific TCRs and cloned them into siTCR® retrovirus vectors. These TCRs were transduced into SUP-T1-based reporter cells in which ZsGreen fluorescent protein expression is controlled by AP-1 and NFAT binding sites. TCR-expressing reporter cells were cocultured with patient autologous APCs pulsed with a pool of candidate neoantigen peptides. ZsGreen expression indicates that TCRs match their cognate neoantigens. <h3>Results</h3> In a lung cancer patient, we set up 18 TIL cultures and obtained 12 TILs. TILs were cocultured with FTD; IFN-γ production was measured by ELISA to evaluate their reactivity to the autologous tumor. NGS identified 197 somatic mutations, 4 fusion genes, and 8 highly expressed cancer-testis antigens. Among them, 339 candidate peptides were synthesized and screened. In addition, we cloned 3 pairs of TCRαβ chains from most expanded TIL cultures and 4 TCRs from ex vivo TILs with exhausted phenotype. Two reporter cells that express TCRs from exhausted TILs responded to the same neoantigen peptide. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Generating TCR expressing cell lines facilitated the identifying neoantigens and their cognate TCR sequences from patients. <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> G3545
Implementation of a Transformerless Common-Mode Active Filter for Offline Converter Systems (2009)

This paper presents a study and practical implementation of an active filter employing a high-frequency (HF) power amplifier and passive-filter components to be connected to the ac power lines in order to mitigate common-mode conducted emissions of three-phase pulsewidth modulation converter systems. The filter topology is chosen from different possibilities listed in a literature survey and studied regarding practical implementation issues, where requirements for an HF power amplifier to be applied in active filtering are derived. Special attention is put on the stability analysis where the challenges for the feedback are discussed, and a simple feedback structure is proposed. Other feedback concepts are analyzed, and limitations posed by stability requirements are presented. A prototype is designed and built, from which mathematical and experimental results are obtained demonstrating the potential and limitations of such a system.
Access to large spoken archives: Uses and technology. Sponsored by SIG VIS (2002)

Abstract With recent advances in information technology, digital archiving is emerging as an important and practical method for capturing the human experience. Large amounts of spoken materials and audiovisual materials in which speech is an important component are becoming available. This panel will discuss the uses of these mateials for education, information retrieval and dissemination, and research, the requirements that arise from these uses, and speech recognition and retrieval technologies being developed to meet these requirements. These materials have tremendous potential for enriching the presentation of information in education, newscasts and documentaries, but retrieval from and access to these large repositories pose significant challenges. The panel will provide an overview of these issues.
Metal organic chemical vapor deposition of indium phosphide nanoneedles on non-single crystal silicon surfaces (2006)

A new route to grow single crystal semiconductor nanostructures was proposed and demonstrated on non-single crystal substrates. Hydrogenated silicon surfaces, amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon, were used to provide atomic short-range order required for epitaxial growth of nanostructures. Indium phosphide was chosen as a platform for semiconductor nanostructures. Indium phosphide was deposited on the hydrogenated silicon surfaces by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with a presence of colloidal gold nanoparticles. Under specific metal organic chemical vapor deposition growth conditions, the indium phosphide was found to grow into <i>nanoneedles</i>. Structural analysis reveals that the nanoneedles are single crystal and have either face-centered-cubic or hexagonal-closed-pack lattice when grown onto the hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon surfaces. Micro-photoluminescence measurements shows that the emission peak wavelength of an ensemble of the InP nanoneedles both on the hydrogenated amorphous silicon and hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon surfaces have a substantial blue-shift with respect to that of bulk indium phosphide. The unique shape of the emission spectra is attributed to different types of nanoneedles co-existing on the samples. The proposed route to grow semiconductor nanostructures on non-single crystal substrates would open new applications including photovoltaic, photo-detection, photo-emission and thermal energy-conversion, for which the usage of costly single crystal substrates is not preferred.
Mental registration of 2D and 3D visualizations (an empirical study) (2004)

2D and 3D views are used together in many visualization domains, such as medical imaging, flow visualization, oceanographic visualization, and computer aided design (CAD). Combining these views into one display can be done by: (1) orientation icon (i.e., separate windows), (2) in-place methods (e.g., clip and cutting planes), and (3) a new method called ExoVis. How 2D and 3D views are displayed affects ease of mental registration (understanding the spatial relationship between views), an important factor influencing user performance. This paper compares the above methods in terms of their ability to support mental registration. Empirical results show that mental registration is significantly easier with in-place displays than with ExoVis, and significantly easier with ExoVis than with orientation icons. Different mental transformation strategies can explain this result. The results suggest that ExoVis may be a better alternative to orientation icons when in-place displays are not appropriate (e.g., when in-place methods hide data or cut the 3D view into several pieces).
Characterization of Hf1-xZrxO2 Gate Dielectrics with 0≤x≤1 Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition for Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor Applications (2011)

In this work, we investigated the influence of incorporating zirconia (ZrO 2 ) in HfO 2 gate dielectric on the electrical properties and reliability of n-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (nMOSFETs). Detailed film physical, chemical and optical properties of Hf 1- x Zr x O 2 as a function of Zr content were studied using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR-XPS), and spectroscopic ellipsometer (SE). Compared to HfO 2 , Hf 1- x Zr x O 2 provides not only higher k values for further equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) scaling but also lower capacitance–voltage ( C – V ) hysteresis, lower threshold voltage ( V t ) shift (Δ V t ), and higher time-to-failure (TTF) lifetimes. Improved TTF lifetime of as high as three orders of magnitude and 35% lower V t shift were achieved from the Hf 1- x Zr x O 2 gate stack with x =0.8. The improved reliability of the Hf 1- x Zr x O 2 gate dielectric is attributed to the reduced charge trapping in the Hf 1- x Zr x O 2 gate dielectric caused by the ZrO 2 incorporation.
Integration of active and passive surface seismic for understanding the variations observed during a stimulation campaign. (2013)

Summary URTeC 1577327 We describe the results of monitoring several hydraulic fracture treatments in the Marcellus formation using two microseismic monitoring arrays: one deep twelve-3C-geophone array located in a vertical wellbore and a series of multi-component seismic sensors installed in a grid of 140 shallow boreholes. We combine the mapped microseismic events and associated attributes derived from the two arrays with conventional 3D surface seismic data to explain variations observed during the stimulation campaign. The mapped hypocentral locations are interpreted in conjunction with seismic-derived attributes. Inversion for acoustic impedance (AI) was carried out on the available pre-stack time migration (PSTM) stack, using one well which had a full suite of log data available for calibration. The resulting map of high to low AI correlates with microseismic activity. In addition, we combine lineaments representing fault and fracture systems derived from the seismic data. We examine well by well the relationship between microseismic data and indicators of structural and lithological changes provided by inverted AI cube. Extracted microseismic information includes geometry of the mapped event hypocenters, low seismically active stages, microseismic event attributes, and event clustering. After superimposing the inverted AI and the seismic-derived discontinuity volume with the mapped microseismic data, we observe that preferential fracture directions extracted from the mapped hypocentral locations agree with the natural fracture system oriented according to the dominant-stress tectonics. Low seismically active stages correlate with AI variations identifying potential presence of natural barriers. Mapped discontinuities are also confirmed to intersect some of the wells.
Expanding Applications of SERS through Versatile Nanomaterials Engineering (Postprint) (2017)

Abstract : Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has evolved into a cross-disciplinary analytical technique by unveiling relevant chemical, biological, material, and structural information. The focus of this review is on two critical properties for successfully expanding applications of SERS spectroscopy: quality of the plasmonic substrate and molecule localization to the substrate. In this review, we discuss recent work on quantifying SERS distance dependence, key factors for substrate characterization and performance evaluation, expansion of SERS applications through substrate development for UV plasmonics and short-distance capture strategies for optimizing analyte-surface structures. After surveying the recent developments of these seemingly disparate fields, we suggest new research directions that may originate from a synergistic blend of all the herein discussed topics. Finally, we discuss major challenges and open questions related to the application of SERS for understanding of chemical processes at the nanoscale, with special interest on in situ catalysts and biosensing.
Task-specific Performance Prediction and Acquisition Optimization for Anisotropic X-ray Dark-field Tomography (2022)

Anisotropic X-ray Dark-field Tomography (AXDT) is a recently developed imaging modality that enables the visualization of oriented microstructures using lab-based X-ray grating interferometer setups. While there are very promising application scenarios, for example in materials testing of fibrous composites or in medical diagnosis of brain cell connectivity, AXDT faces challenges in practical applicability due to the complex and time-intensive acquisitions required to fully sample the anisotropic X-ray scattering functions. However, depending on the specific imaging task at hand, a full sampling may not be required, allowing for reduced acquisitions. In this work we are investigating a performance prediction approach for AXDT using task-specific detectability indices. Based on this approach we present a task-driven acquisition optimization method that enables reduced acquisition schemes while keeping the task-specific image quality high. We demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the method in experiments with simulated and experimental data.