gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Tin-Silver-Bismuth Lead-Free Solder (2002)

This paper presents the mechanical properties and microstructure of Sn–Ag–Bi Pb-free solder. We evaluated the effects of Bi content on the mechanical properties of Sn–Ag–Bi solder such as tensile strength, elongation and deformation behavior at cross-head speeds of 0.1 mm/min and 500 mm/min. The experimental results show that at low cross-head speeds, the addition of Bi to Sn–Ag solder initially increases the tensile strength and decreases elongation due to solid-solution hardening of Sn-phase. As the Bi content is increased to 10 mass% and more, however, elongation increases to a maximum at Sn–Ag–Bi solder containing 57 mass%Bi. Deformation of Sn–Ag solder is governed by slip within the Sn phase, and for high-Bi solders (about 57 mass%Bi) deformation occurs due to slip at Sn–Bi grain boundaries. Intermediate-Bi solders, on the other hand, do not slip in either the Sn phase or at Sn–Bi grain boundaries. At high cross-head speeds, the elongation of both intermediate-Bi solders and high-Bi solders was low and almost constant, indicating slip at Sn–Bi grain boundaries becomes difficult. The impact resistance of these solders was investigated through charpy impact tests, and it is found that Bi has a marked effect on impact resistance. The impact absorption energy of Sn–Ag solder decreases rapidly with the addition of Bi.
Treatment of porcine donor cells and reconstructed embryos with the antioxidant melatonin enhances cloning efficiency (2012)

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of melatonin during the culture of donor cells and cloned embryos on the in vitro developmental competence and quality of cloned porcine embryos. At concentrations of 10(-6 )M or 10(-8) M, melatonin significantly enhanced the proliferation of porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs), and the blastocyst rate was significantly increased in the 10(-10) M melatonin-treated donor cell group. Cloned embryo development was also improved in embryo culture medium that was supplemented with 10(-9) M or 10(-12) M melatonin. When both donor cells and cloned embryos were treated with melatonin, the cleavage rate and total cell number of blastocysts were not significantly affected; however, the blastocyst rate was increased significantly (20.0% versus 11.7%). TUNEL assays showed that combined melatonin treatment reduced the rate of apoptotic nuclei (3.6% versus 6.1%). Gene expression analysis of the apoptosis-related genes BAX, BCL2L1, and p53 showed that the expression of BCL2L1 was significantly elevated 2.7-fold relative to the control group, while the expression of BAX and p53 was significantly decreased by 3.7-fold and 23.2-fold, respectively. In addition, we detected the expression of two melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) in PFFs but not in porcine cloned embryos. We conclude that exogenous melatonin enhances the development of porcine cloned embryos and improves embryo quality by inhibiting p53-mediated apoptotic pathway. The proliferation of PFFs may be mediated by receptor binding, but the beneficial effects of melatonin on embryonic development may be receptor-independent, possibly through melatonin's ability to directly scavenge free radicals.
Synthesis of an Extremely Bent Acyclic Allene (A “Carbodicarbene”): A Strong Donor Ligand (2008)

Bis ans Limit: Werden CC-π-Bindungen durch Push-push-Substitution aufs Äußerste gespannt, so entstehen gebogene Allene (siehe Struktur; C türkis, N blau). In einem acyclischen Allen beträgt der CCC-Bindungswinkel nur noch 134.8°; das üblicherweise sp-hybridisierte zentrale Kohlenstoffatom nähert sich daher einer Konfiguration mit zwei freien Elektronenpaaren an und wirkt als sehr starker η1-Donorligand für Übergangsmetallzentren.
Protecting biological diversity in the North Woods region of the upper Great Lakes States (1987)

Master of Science (MS)
Reactivity of Sera from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjogren’s Syndrome Patients with Peptides Derived from Human Immunodeficiency Virus p24 Capsid Antigen (1998)

We have previously demonstrated that about one-third of patients with either Sjögren's syndrome (SS) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) react to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 core protein antigen without any evidence of exposure to, or infection with, HIV itself. Herein, we further characterize the specificity of this reaction using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to peptides representing fragments of p24. Characteristic epitope-specific profiles were seen for SS and SLE patients. SS patients had significantly increased responses to peptides F (p24 amino acids 69 to 86) and H (amino acids 101 to 111) and diminished reactivity to peptides A (amino acids 1 to 16) and P (amino acids 214 to 228). SLE patients had increased reactivity to peptides E (amino acids 61 to 76), H, and P. Utilization of peptide P hyporeactivity as the criterion to select for SS patients results in a screen that is moderately sensitive (64%) and specific (79.3%). Adding hyperreactivity to one other peptide (F or H) as an additional criterion yields an expected decrease in sensitivity (to 41%) while increasing specificity (to 93.1%). All sera-reactive peptides from regions of known structure of HIV p24 were located in the apex of the p24 molecule. Thus, the specificity of the peptide reactivities described here indicates a specific pattern of a nonrandom cross-reactivity between HIV type 1 p24 and autoimmune sera which may be partially syndrome specific. The future focus of our work will be to optimize assays of the peptide as diagnostic tools.
Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry. 8th Edition. Thorium (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry. 8th Edition. ThoriumTobin MarksCite this: Organometallics 1986, 5, 3, 606Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online30 September 2008Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00134a902https://doi.org/10.1021/om00134a902research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SPINK5 knockdown in organotypic human skin culture as a model system for Netherton syndrome: effect of genetic inhibition of serine proteases kallikrein 5 and kallikrein 7 (2014)

Netherton syndrome (NS; OMIM 256500) is a genetic skin disease resulting from defects in the serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (SPINK5) gene, which encodes the protease inhibitor lympho-epithelial Kazal type inhibitor (LEKTI). We established a SPINK5 knockdown skin model by transfecting SPINK5 small interfering RNA (siRNA) into normal human epidermal keratinocytes, which were used together with fibroblast-populated collagen gels to generate organotypic skin cultures. This model recapitulates some of the NS skin morphology: thicker, parakeratotic stratum corneum frequently detached from the underlying epidermis and loss of corneodesmosomes. As enhanced serine protease activity has been implicated in the disease pathogenesis, we investigated the impact of the kallikreins KLK5 [stratum corneum trypsin-like enzyme (SCTE)] and KLK7 [stratum corneum chymotrypsin-like enzyme (SCCE)] on the SPINK5 knockdown phenotype by generating double knockdowns in the organotypic model. Knockdown of KLK5 or KLK7 partially ameliorated the epidermal architecture: increased epidermal thickness and expression of desmocollin 1 (DSC1), desmoglein 1 (DSG1) and (pro)filaggrin. Thus, inhibition of serine proteases KLK5 and KLK7 could be therapeutically beneficial in NS.
Effect of Genotype and Farming System on Concentration of Mineral Elements in Organically and Conventionally Grown Cereals/ Genotipa Un Saimniekoðanas Sistçmas Ietekme Uz Minerâlvielu Saturu Bioloìiski Un Konvencionâli Audzçtos Graudaugos (2014)

Abstract About half of the human population suffers from deficiency of mineral elements, mostly iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). The purpose of the research was to compare the concentration of Fe and Zn in grain of 19 spring barley (in Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes and the concentration of Zn and manganese (Mn) in grain of 19 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown in organic and conventional management systems during two growing seasons. The average concentration of Fe in barley ranged from 32.51-86.85 mg·kg -1 and was higher under conventional management (p &lt; 0.001); the effect of genotype was significant (p = 0.014). The average concentration of Zn in barley ranged 16.79-48.51 mg·kg -1 and was significantly higher under the organic system (p &lt; 0.001); in wheat it was 21.52-29.89 mg·kg -1 with no difference between the management systems; the effect of genotype was significant (p = 0.03 and p &lt; 0.001 for barley and wheat, respectively). The average concentration of Mn in wheat ranged from 24.63-36.07 mg·kg -1 and was higher under the conventional system (p &lt; 0.001); significant differences between genotypes were observed (p &lt; 0.001). Barley and wheat genotypes with higher concentrations of the investigated elements were identified for use in breeding for improvement of grain quality. Zn concentration correlated negatively with grain yield and positively with grain protein concentration.
Simulating collaboration from multiple, potentially non-collaborative healthcare systems to create a single view of a patient (2010)

There is still significant investment in legacy healthcare information technology (HIT). Current systems are a diverse mix of technologies, standards, platforms and versions. Many of which were never intended to be used together to achieve a common goal. In order to deliver care effectively and effi
Discovery of .alpha.1a-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists Based on the L-Type Ca2+ Channel Antagonist Niguldipine (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiscovery of .alpha.1a-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists Based on the L-Type Ca2+ Channel Antagonist NiguldipineJohn M. Wetzel, Shou Wu Miao, Carlos Forray, Laurence A. Borden, Theresa A. Branchek, and Charles GluchowskiCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 10, 1579–1581Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00010a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00010a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Titanium Incorporation in Zn 2 TiO 4 Spinel Ceramics (2001)

Compositions in the Zn 2 TiO 4 + x TiO 2 system ( x = 0–0.43) were synthesized via the solid‐state reaction route, using high‐purity (≥99.99%) metal‐oxide powders. The incorporation of titanium, in the form of TiO 2 , in Zn 2 TiO 4 spinel ceramics was investigated by analyzing the crystal structure and measuring the dielectric properties. The results of the crystal structure analyses suggested that TiO 2 levels of x ≤ 0.33 could be incorporated into the Zn 2 TiO 4 spinel at temperatures of T &gt; 945°C, whereas the solid solubility of titanium in Zn 2 TiO 4 decreased for T &lt; 945°C. When x ≥ 0.28, the Zn 2 Ti 3 O 8 phase formed in the Zn 2 TiO 4 grain interior while cooling after heat treatment. Measurement of the microwave dielectric properties also supported the conclusion that the solubility limit of titanium in Zn 2 TiO 4 was close to x = 0.33, as determined through analysis of the crystal structure.
Biomechanics of transvertebral screw fixation in the thoracic spine: an in vitro study (2016)

OBJECTIVE Transvertebral screws provide stability in thoracic spinal fixation surgeries, with their use mainly limited to patients who require a pedicle screw salvage technique. However, the biomechanical impact of transvertebral screws alone, when they are inserted across 2 vertebral bodies, has not been studied. In this study, the authors assessed the stability offered by a transvertebral screw construct for posterior instrumentation and compared its biomechanical performance to that of standard bilateral pedicle screw and rod (PSR) fixation. METHODS Fourteen fresh human cadaveric thoracic spine segments from T-6 to T-11 were divided into 2 groups with similar ages and bone quality. Group 1 received transvertebral screws across 2 levels without rods and subsequently with interconnecting bilateral rods at 3 levels (T8-10). Group 2 received bilateral PSR fixation and were sequentially tested with interconnecting rods at T7-8 and T9-10, at T8-9, and at T8-10. Flexibility tests were performed on intact and instrumented specimens in both groups. Presurgical and postsurgical O-arm 3D images were obtained to verify screw placement. RESULTS The mean range of motion (ROM) per motion segment with transvertebral screws spanning 2 levels compared with the intact condition was 66% of the mean intact ROM during flexion-extension (p = 0.013), 69% during lateral bending (p = 0.015), and 47% during axial rotation (p < 0.001). The mean ROM per motion segment with PSR spanning 2 levels compared with the intact condition was 38% of the mean intact ROM during flexion-extension (p < 0.001), 57% during lateral bending (p = 0.007), and 27% during axial rotation (p < 0.001). Adding bilateral rods to the 3 levels with transvertebral screws decreased the mean ROM per motion segment to 28% of intact ROM during flexion-extension (p < 0.001), 37% during lateral bending (p < 0.001), and 30% during axial rotation (p < 0.001). The mean ROM per motion segment for PSR spanning 3 levels was 21% of intact ROM during flexion-extension (p < 0.001), 33% during lateral bending (p < 0.001), and 22% during axial rotation (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Biomechanically, fixation with a novel technique in the thoracic spine involving transvertebral screws showed restoration of stability to well within the stability provided by PSR fixation.
Supplementary Data from Structural Alterations of MET Trigger Response to MET Kinase Inhibition in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods Supplementary Figure S1. Characterization of KIF5B- and STARD3NL-MET rearrangements. A) IGV screenshots of next-generation sequencing reads from breakpoint regions of KIF5B- and STARD3NL-MET positive patient tissue. Due to homology in both regions the breakpoint region is marked with a red bar. The spanning read indicates the genomic sequence of the rearrangement. B) Dideoxy sequencing of exonic breakpoint regions of patient cDNA extracted from FFPE cuts for KIF5B- and STARD3NL-MET. C) PET/CT scans of KIF5B-MET patient. Numbers below indicate reduction of SUVmax under crizotinib therapy. D) Immunoblots of NIH-3T3 cells transduced with KIF5B-MET (upper panel) and STARD3NL-MET (lower panel) treated with 1 µM crizotinib or tepotinib over time. HSP90 serves as loading control. A representative blot from n=3 independent experiments is shown. E) Dose-response curves (72 h) of Ba/F3 cells stably transduced with KIF5B-MET or STARD3NL-MET supplemented with IL-3 (10% conditioned Wehi-3b media) and treated with crizotinib, tepotinib and erlotinib (as control compound). (n=3) Supplementary Figure S1. Characterization of KIF5B- and STARD3NL-MET rearrangements. A) IGV screenshots of next-generation sequencing reads from breakpoint regions of KIF5B- and STARD3NL-MET positive patient tissue. Due to homology in both regions the breakpoint region is marked with a red bar. The spanning read indicates the genomic sequence of the rearrangement. B) Dideoxy sequencing of exonic breakpoint regions of patient cDNA extracted from FFPE cuts for KIF5B- and STARD3NL-MET. C) PET/CT scans of KIF5B-MET patient. Numbers below indicate reduction of SUVmax under crizotinib therapy. D) Immunoblots of NIH-3T3 cells transduced with KIF5B-MET (upper panel) and STARD3NL-MET (lower panel) treated with 1 µM crizotinib or tepotinib over time. HSP90 serves as loading control. A representative blot from n=3 independent experiments is shown. E) Dose-response curves (72 h) of Ba/F3 cells stably transduced with KIF5B-MET or STARD3NL-MET supplemented with IL-3 (10% conditioned Wehi-3b media) and treated with crizotinib, tepotinib and erlotinib (as control compound). (n=3)&lt;/p&gt;
A note on inheritance and state machines (1993)

The inheritance relationships in an object-oriented program have been shown to be a natural structure for facilitating reuse in a number of areas such as test cases. This note reports on a technique for incrementally building the state machine for a class from the state machines of its base classes. Using a style of state diagram similar to object charts provides a graphical means of displaying the resulting state machine. This incremental technique allows more complex machines to be built with less effort.
PLASMA CHOLESTEROL ACCELERATES TRANSPLANT ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND CHRONIC REJECTION THROUGH INCREASED RECRUITMENT OF INFLAMMATORY MONOCYTES INTO THE ARTERIAL WALL (2010)

1Cardiology Clinic, Malmo/SWEDEN, 2Transplantation Research Immunology, Nuffield Department of Surgery, Oxford University, Oxford/UNITED KINGDOM, 3Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford/UNITED KINGDOM
Laser-Based Maintenance and Repair Technologies for Reactor Components (2004)

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is the major factor to reduce the reliability of aged reactor components. Toshiba has developed various laser-based maintenance and repair technologies and applied them to existing nuclear power plants. Laser-based technology is considered to be the best tool for remote processing in nuclear power plants, and particularly so for the maintenance and repair of reactor core components. Accessibility could be drastically improved by a simple handling system owing to the absence of reactive force against laser irradiation and the flexible optical fiber. For the preventive maintenance, laser peening (LP) technology was developed and applied to reactor components in operating BWR plants. LP is a novel process to improve residual stress from tensile to compressive on material surface layer by irradiating focused high-power laser pulses in water. We have developed a fiber-delivered LP system as a preventive maintenance measure against SCC. Laser ultrasonic testing (LUT) has a great potential to be applied to the remote inspection of reactor components. Laser-induced surface acoustic wave (SAW) inspection system was developed using a compact probe with a multi-mode optical fiber and an interferometer. The developed system successfully detected a micro slit of 0.5mm depth on weld metal and heat-affected zone (HAZ). An artificial SCC was also detected by the system. We are developing a new LP system combined with LUT to treat the inner surface of bottom-mounted instruments (BMI) of PWR plants. Underwater laser seal welding (LSW) technology was also developed to apply surface crack. LSW is expected to isolate the crack tip from corrosive water environment and to stop the propagation of the crack. Rapid heating and cooling of the process minimize the heat effect, which extends the applicability to neutron-irradiated material. This paper describes recent advances in the development and application of such laser-based technologies.
TLP Bonding of DS Ni Base Superalloy, GTD-111 Using Mixed Powder of Base Metal and Filler Metal (2006)

The effect of a mixed powder on the wide gap transient liquid phase diffusion bonding of a directionally solidified Ni base superalloy, GTD-111 was investigated. The mixed powder consisted of a mixture of a powdered Ni base filler (GNi-3) and powdered base metal (GTD-111). The range of the base metal powder was 40 to 70wt%. Bonding was performed at a temperature of 1463K, using various holding time. In the case of a lower 50wt%, the base metal powders completely melted and base metal mating at the interface dissolved at an early time, and extent of dissolution of base metal decreased with increasing mixing ratio. Liquid was eliminated by isothermal solidification, which was controlled by the diffusion of B into the base metal. The solids in the bonded interlayer grew epitaxially from the mating base metal inward from the insert metal and the number of grain boundaries formed at the bonded interlayer corresponded with those of the base metal. The finishing time for isothermal solidification was about 74ks. In the case 60wt% and higher, the base metal powders partially melted and remained in the vicinity of bonded interlayer. The solid was formed from the remaining powder and base metal mating at the interface. Finally, the bonded interlayer underwent the poly-crystallization when isothermal solidification was complete. The contents of Al and Ti in the bonded interlayer with a holding of 74ks were equal to that of the base metal.
Cyclosporins: Recent Developments in Biosynthesis, Pharmacology and Biology, and Clinical Applications (1997)

The chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Clinical Applications of Cyclosporins Mode of Immunosuppressive Action Chemistry Structural Investigations of Cyclosporins, Cyclophilins, and their Complexes Biosynthesis of Cyclosporins
Why Has Model‐Informed Precision Dosing Not Yet Become Common Clinical Reality? Lessons From the Past and a Roadmap for the Future (2017)

Patient groups prone to polypharmacy and special subpopulations are susceptible to suboptimal treatment. Refined dosing in special populations is imperative to improve therapeutic response and/or lowering the risk of toxicity. Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) may improve treatment outcomes by achieving the optimal dose for an individual patient. There is, however, relatively little published evidence of large-scale utility and impact of MIPD, where it is often implemented as local collaborative efforts between academia and healthcare. This article highlights some successful applications of bringing MIPD to clinical care and proposes strategies for wider integration in healthcare. Considerations are brought up herein that will need addressing to see MIPD become "widespread clinical practice," among those, wider interdisciplinary collaborations and the necessity for further evidence-based efficacy and cost-benefit analysis of MIPD in healthcare. The implications of MIPD on regulatory policies and pharmaceutical development are also discussed as part of the roadmap.