gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Devices for Plasmonic and Nanophotonic Networks: Exploiting X-ray Wavelengths at Optical Frequencies (2012)

Abstract : This final report summarizes the Caltech Plasmonics MURI program accomplishments. It is no exaggeration to say that the FY04 Plasmonics MURI catalyzed a worldwide research effort in which MURI investigators were research leaders of the plasmonics field from 2004-2010. In the MURI program, a large number of new concepts and devices were conceived, designed and demonstrated, including subwavelength waveguides, negative refractive index materials at visible frequencies, a far-field hyperlens, a plasMOStor plasmonic modulator, deep subwavelength plasmon lasers as well as larger plasmon lasers; laser antennas, plasmonic hyperspectral infrared detectors, to name a subset of achievements. Under MURI support, a total of 65 journal publications were published, including 2 papers in Nature, 2 in Nature Materials, 4 in Nature Photonics, and 2 in Science.
Searches for low-mass dimuon resonances (2020)

Abstract: Searches are performed for a low-mass dimuon resonance, X, produced in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.1 fb−1 and collected with the LHCb detector. The X bosons can either decay promptly or displaced from the proton-proton collision, where in both cases the requirements placed on the event and the assumptions made about the production mechanisms are kept as minimal as possible. The searches for promptly decaying X bosons explore the mass range from near the dimuon threshold up to 60 GeV, with nonnegligible X widths considered above 20 GeV. The searches for displaced X → μ+μ− decays consider masses up to 3 GeV. None of the searches finds evidence for a signal and 90% confidence-level exclusion limits are placed on the X → μ+μ− cross sections, each with minimal model dependence. In addition, these results are used to place world-leading constraints on GeV-scale bosons in the two-Higgs-doublet and hidden-valley scenarios.
3D Bounding Box Estimation Using Deep Learning and Geometry (2017)

We present a method for 3D object detection and pose estimation from a single image. In contrast to current techniques that only regress the 3D orientation of an object, our method first regresses relatively stable 3D object properties using a deep convolutional neural network and then combines these estimates with geometric constraints provided by a 2D object bounding box to produce a complete 3D bounding box. The first network output estimates the 3D object orientation using a novel hybrid discrete-continuous loss, which significantly outperforms the L2 loss. The second output regresses the 3D object dimensions, which have relatively little variance compared to alternatives and can often be predicted for many object types. These estimates, combined with the geometric constraints on translation imposed by the 2D bounding box, enable us to recover a stable and accurate 3D object pose. We evaluate our method on the challenging KITTI object detection benchmark [2] both on the official metric of 3D orientation estimation and also on the accuracy of the obtained 3D bounding boxes. Although conceptually simple, our method outperforms more complex and computationally expensive approaches that leverage semantic segmentation, instance level segmentation and flat ground priors [4] and sub-category detection [23][24]. Our discrete-continuous loss also produces state of the art results for 3D viewpoint estimation on the Pascal 3D+ dataset[26].
Effect of Interfacial Schemes on the Optical and Structural Properties of InAs/GaSb Type-II Superlattices (2023)

Incorporating an intentional strain compensating InSb interface (IF) layer in InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices (T2SLs) enhances device performance. But there is a lack of studies that correlate this approach's optical and structural quality, so the mechanisms by which this improvement is achieved remain unclear. One critical issue in increasing the performance of InAs/GaSb T2SLs arises from the lattice mismatch between InAs and GaSb, leading to interfacial strain in the structure. Not only that but also, since each side of the InAs/GaSb heterosystem does not have common atoms, there is a possibility of atomic intermixing at the IFs. To address such issues, an intentional InSb interfacial layer is commonly introduced at the InAs-on-GaSb and GaSb-on-InAs IFs to compensate for the strain and the chemical mismatches. In this report, we investigate InAs/GaSb T2SLs with (Sample A) and without (Sample B) InSb IF layers emitting in the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) through photoluminescence (PL) and band structure simulations. The PL studies indicate that the maximum PL intensity of Sample A is 1.6 times stronger than that of Sample B. This could be attributed to the effect of migration-enhanced epitaxy (MEE) growth mode. Band structure simulations understand the impact of atomic intermixing and segregation at T2SL IFs on the bandgap energy and PL intensity. It is observed that atomic intermixing at the IFs changes the bandgap energy and significantly affects the wave function overlap and the optical property of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements reveal that the T2SL IFs in Sample A are very rough compared to sharp IFs in Sample B, indicating a high possibility of atomic intermixing and segregation. Based on these results, it is believed that high-quality heterostructure could be achieved by controlling the IFs to enhance its structural and compositional homogeneities and the optical properties of the T2SLs.
Parylene origami structure for intraocular implantation (2013)

This paper presents the use of origami technique to construct a 3D spherical structure from a 2D parylene-C (PA-C) film with designed folding crease patterns. This origami technique is developed or intended for intraocular epiretinal implant application, which requires a “curved” electrode array to match the curvature of the macula. The folding method and process are described here using silicone oil as a temporary glue to hold the folded structures through meniscus force. The temporary origami is then thermally set into permanent 3D shapes at 100 °C for 30 minutes in vacuum utilizing parylene-C's viscoelastic properties. The reported origami technique enables the possibility of first making an extended device in 2D format and, after a possible minimal surgical cut and insertion, then folding it into a 3D device inside the eye for necessary geometric matching with host tissues.
Tumor Section Highlights at the 2001 CNS Annual Meeting in San Diego (2001)

The complex [Fe(II){(CN)Fe(III)L(5)}(6)]Cl(2) consists of a mixed-valence heptanuclear cyanide-bridged unit formed of a Schiff-base pentadentate ligand L(5) and it shows a spin crossover of the peripheral Fe(III) centres.
Ferroelectric-Monolayer Reconstruction of the SrTiO3(100) Surface (1995)

Computer simulations of the two (100) surfaces of cubic SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ show that the top layer of the SrO-terminated surface reconstructs to a ferroelectric-monolayer phase while the Ti${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-terminated surface remains bulklike. This behavior is shown to arise from a delicate crystal-environment sensitive competition between the long-range Coulomb and the short-range repulsive interactions.
Analysis of Bax and Bcl-2 expression in p53-immunopositive breast cancers. (1997)

Bax and Bcl-2 are proteins that regulate programmed cell death and apoptosis. The expression of these proteins can be regulated, at least in part, by the tumor suppressor p53, but the effects of p53 are highly tissue specific. In an effort to better understand the relation between p53 and the in vivo control of the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in adenocarcinomas of the breast, we evaluated by immunohistochemistry the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in 149 invasive ductal carcinomas, 135 of which were chosen because of their p53 immunopositivity. The percentages of Bcl-2-immunopositive tumor cells were significantly lower in the p53-positive (median 20%) subsets as compared to the p53-negative (median 85%) subsets (P = 0. 004). Comparisons of the percentages of p53-immunopositive tumor cells with the percentages of Bcl-2- and Bax-positive cells (as continuous variables) revealed a significant inverse correlation between Bcl-2 and p53 (r = -0.41, P < 0.001) but not between Bax and p53. In the p53-positive subset, the percentages of Bax- and Bcl-2-immunopositive tumor cells were correlated positively (r = 0. 27, P = 0.002), suggesting that the expression of these genes may be co-regulated to some extent in these breast cancers. Higher percentages of Bcl-2-positive tumor cells were also associated with estrogen receptor positivity (P = 0.03), low histological tumor grade (P = 0.03), and low T stage (P = 0.02), whereas Bax immunostaining was associated only with c-erbB-2 immunopositivity (P = 0.02). Although the number of cases was small and treatment was non-uniform, preliminary correlations with clinical outcome data suggest that the prognostic significance of Bcl-2 may be enhanced by inclusion of Bax data in patients with p53-immunopositive adenocarcinoma of the breast, at least for patients with node-negative disease. Taken together, these data suggest that, despite the ability of p53 to bind directly to the Bax gene promoter, the regulation of Bax in human breast cancers does not necessarily correlate with p53 status, implying that regulation of this pro-apoptotic gene in these tumors is complex and probably influenced by several factors.
Synthesis and secretion of platelet-derived growth factor by human breast cancer cell lines. (1987)

We report that human breast cancer cells secrete a growth factor that is biologically and immunologically similar to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Serum-free medium conditioned by estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 or estrogen-dependent MCF-7 cells contains a mitogenic or "competence" activity that is capable of inducing incorporation of [3H]thymidine into quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells in the presence of platelet-poor plasma. In addition, the conditioned medium contains an activity that competes with 125I-labeled PDGF for binding to PDGF receptors on normal human fibroblasts. The secretion of PDGF-like activity by the hormone-responsive cell line MCF-7 is stimulated by 17 beta-estradiol. Like authentic PDGF, the PDGF-like activity produced by breast cancer cells is stable after acid and heat treatment (95 degrees C) and inhibited by reducing agents. The mitogenic activity comigrates with a material of approximately equal to 30 kDa on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels. Immunoprecipitation with PDGF antiserum of proteins from metabolically labeled cell lysates and conditioned medium followed by analysis on nonreducing NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels identified proteins of 30 and 34 kDa. Upon reduction, the 30- and 34-kDa bands were converted to 15- and 16-kDa bands suggesting that the immunoprecipitated proteins were made up of two disulfide-linked polypeptides similar to PDGF. Hybridization studies with cDNA probes for the A chain of PDGF and the B chain of PDGF/SIS identified transcripts for both PDGF chains in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The data summarized above provide conclusive evidence for the synthesis and hormonally regulated secretion of a PDGF-like mitogen by breast carcinoma cells. Production of a PDGF-like growth factor by breast cancer cell lines may be important in mediating paracrine stimulation of tumor growth.
Retinal Vascular Caliber, Blood Pressure, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in an Asian Population: The Singapore Malay Eye Study (2008)

In this Asian population, smaller retinal arteriolar caliber was associated with hypertension and larger retinal venular caliber with cigarette smoking, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and higher body mass index. The pattern of these associations is similar to that in white populations.
Imaging a salt dome flank by directional redatuming of a field 3‐D VSP survey (2009)

We processed a large 3‐D vertical seismic profile (VSP) around a Gulf of Mexico (GOM) salt dome. The VSP was acquired to address uncertainty in subsalt structure and in locating the dipping edge of the salt base on the surface seismic images. To simplify the processing, remove potential uncertainty in the velocity of the overburden, and image the salt edge, we create and apply a strategy of seismic interferometric, directional redatuming followed by prestack depth migration. The surface VSP shots are grouped into 10° wedges based on the shot to geophone azimuth. Each wedge is redatumed and migrated separately to create separately steered images of the salt flank. The final merged result complements and is compatible with the interpretation of the surface seismic data. The redatuming methodology does not require knowledge of the velocity structure between the surface shots and the downhole receivers, and the salt‐flank reflections are easily seen on the intermediate redatumed, virtual source gathers.
Multilayer-type organic solar cells using phthalocyanines and perylene derivatives. (1990)

種々のフタロシアニン(Pc)とベリレン誘導体(PTC)を用いて,(ITO(インジウム-スズ酸化物)/PTC/Pc/Au)構造の素子を作製した。これらの素子はすぺて遮光状態において・.Au電極に正電圧を印加したとき順方向となる整流性を示し,光照尉によってAu側が陽極になる光起電力を示した。短絡光電流は光量に対してほぼ比例して増加し,解放端光起電力の大きさは光量の対数に対して比例して増加した。また,これらの素子は光電流の波長依存性に,組み合わせたPTCとPcの吸収特性の違いによると思われる差が生じた。この光電流スペクトルの結果から,PTCおよびPcの両方で光電変換が行われていると考えられる。また,組み合わせたPc・PTCの種類によって・光電変換効率の大きさに明確な差が現れた。
Characterization of Intraocular Pressure Increases and Management Strategies Following Treatment With Fluocinolone Acetonide Intravitreal Implants in the FAME Trials (2016)

Elevated IOP may occur following FAc implant receipt; however, in the present study, it was manageable and did not impact vision outcomes. Patients previously treated with ocular steroid did not require IOP-lowering surgery following 0.2 µg/day FAc implant administration. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:426-435.].
Lattice Functions for the Analysis of Analog-to-Digital Conversion (2019)

Analog-to-digital (A/D) converters are the common interface between analog signals and the domain of digital discrete-time signal processing. In essence, this domain simultaneously incorporates quantization both in amplitude and time, i.e. amplitude quantization and uniform time sampling. Thus, we view A/D conversion as a sampling process in both the time and amplitude domains based on the observation that the underlying continuous-time signals representing digital sequences can be sampled in a lattice-i.e. at points restricted to lie on a uniform grid both in time and amplitude. We refer to them as lattice functions. This is in contrast with the traditional approach based on the classical sampling theorem and quantization error analysis. The latter has been mainly addressed with the help of probabilistic models, or deterministic ones either confined to very particular scenarios or considering worst-case assumptions. In this paper, we provide a deterministic theoretical analysis and framework for the functions involved in digital discrete-time processing. We show that lattice functions possess a rich analytic structure in the context of integral-valued entire functions of exponential type. We derive set and spectral properties of this class of functions. This allows us to prove in a deterministic way and for general bandlimited functions a fundamental lower bound on the maximum frequency component introduced by quantization that is independent of the resolution of the quantizer.
Data from Polyamine-Blocking Therapy Reverses Immunosuppression in the Tumor Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Correcting T-cell immunosuppression may unleash powerful antitumor responses; however, knowledge about the mechanisms and modifiers that may be targeted to improve therapy remains incomplete. Here, we report that polyamine elevation in cancer, a common metabolic aberration in aggressive lesions, contributes significantly to tumor immunosuppression and that a polyamine depletion strategy can exert antitumor effects that may also promote immunity. A polyamine-blocking therapy (PBT) that combines the well-characterized ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) with AMXT 1501, a novel inhibitor of the polyamine transport system, blocked tumor growth in immunocompetent mice but not in athymic nude mice lacking T cells. PBT had little effect on the proliferation of epithelial tumor cells, but it increased the number of apoptotic cells. Analysis of CD45&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; tumor immune infiltrates revealed that PBT decreased levels of Gr-1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD11b&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; myeloid suppressor cells and increased CD3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells. Strikingly, in a model of neoadjuvant therapy, mice administered with PBT one week before surgical resection of engrafted mammary tumors exhibited resistance to subsequent tumor rechallenge. Collectively, our results indicate that therapies targeting polyamine metabolism do not act exclusively as antiproliferative agents, but also act strongly to prevent immune escape by the tumor. PBT may offer a general approach to heighten immune responses in cancer. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 2(3); 274–85. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Photolytic Measurement of Tissue S-Nitrosothiols in Rats and Humans In Vivo (2022)

<i>S</i>-nitrosothiols are labile thiol-NO adducts formed in vivo primarily by metalloproteins such as NO synthase, ceruloplasmin, and hemoglobin. Abnormal <i>S</i>-nitrosothiol synthesis and catabolism contribute to many diseases, ranging from asthma to septic shock. Current methods for quantifying <i>S</i>-nitrosothiols in vivo are suboptimal. Samples need to be removed from the body for analysis, and the <i>S</i>-nitrosothiols can be broken down during ex vivo processing. Here, we have developed a noninvasive device to measure mammalian tissue <i>S</i>-nitrosothiols in situ non-invasively using ultraviolet (UV) light, which causes NO release in proportion to the <i>S</i>-nitrosothiol concentration. We validated the assay in vitro; then, we applied it to measure <i>S</i>-nitrosothiols in vivo in rats and in humans. The method was sensitive to 0.5 µM, specific (did not detect other nitrogen oxides), and was reproducible in rats and in humans. This noninvasive approach to <i>S</i>-nitrosothiol measurements may be applicable for use in human diseases.
Abstract 3648: Expression of tolerogenic enzymes IDO-1, IDO-2 and TDO in commonly used mouse tumor models and impact on model selection for evaluation of immunosuppression reversal by novel therapeutics (2014)

Abstract Objective: Inhibition of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1), indoleamine-2,3- dioxygenase-2 (IDO-2), and/or tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) represent novel opportunities for reversing the immunosuppressed microenvironment found in cancer patients. However, little is known about the relative expression of these enzymes in tumors and associated lymph nodes of mouse tumor models, including those previously utilized in the preclinical characterization of tool compounds or even clinical candidates that inhibit one of these enzymes. This report describes the systematic characterization of expression of these enzymes in several of the most commonly used mouse tumor models. Study Design: Tumor models evaluated included B16F10 melanoma, B16-GMCSF melanoma and PAN02 pancreatic in C57BL/6 mice, and 4T1 breast and CT26 colon in Balb/c mice. Cells were injected s.c. into the flanks of 8-week old female mice. In each model, tumors and draining lymph nodes were collected from separate cohorts of mice when the mean tumor volumes reached 100 and 1,000 mm3, respectively. Expression of the 3 enzymes of interest was assessed using a variety of techniques, including qRT-PCR, Western blot and FACS. Results: A highly complex picture arises from our study. Expression levels of each of the enzymes studied here were highly dependent on the choice of tumor cell, the tissue analyzed (tumor vs. lymph node), as well as the stage of growth of the tumor. In general, the most commonly expressed of the 3 enzymes was IDO-1, primarily on tumor cells and dendritic cells in the lymph nodes. Conclusion: It is critically important, in the preclinical evaluation of potential new drugs, to select mouse models that recapitulate specific and well-characterized elements of the signaling pathway targeted by those drugs. The results presented in this communication should be of particular interest to those investigators pursuing a therapeutic strategy of immunosuppression reversal. Citation Format: Rajkumar Noubade, Holbrook Kohrt, Lisa Marshall, Idit Sagiv-Barfi, Jonathan Hebb, Cariad Chester, Amanda Rajapaksa, Erin Waller, Steve Young, Jay Powers, Juan Jaen. Expression of tolerogenic enzymes IDO-1, IDO-2 and TDO in commonly used mouse tumor models and impact on model selection for evaluation of immunosuppression reversal by novel therapeutics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3648. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3648
Second Generation Wire Development at AMSC (2012)

AMSC has established a Second Generation (2G) High-Temperature Superconductor (HTS) wire manufacturing technology based on the Rolling Assisted Biaxially Textured Substrate and Metal Organic Deposition processes. AMSC's 2G wire (Amperium) has been used by a wide range of customers for development and testing of initial commercial HTS-based applications. Although the Amperium wire properties and quantities satisfy the requirements for these initial projects, improvements in critical current, field performance, and cost are beneficial for large-scale commercial and military applications. As Amperium wire manufacturing continues to ramp up, AMSC's R&amp;D program has focused on increasing critical current, and the development of nonmagnetic substrates. The R&amp;D process developed for a single-coat, 1.2 &amp;#x03BC;m YBCO film has been transferred to production-scale equipment, resulting in the first Amperium wires with critical currents reaching 500 A/cm-w (77 K, self-field) in production length. A nonmagnetic substrate, which minimizes ferromagnetic substrate losses in ac cable applications, has been produced in R&amp;D lengths and demonstrated in an Amperium cable wire.
Phase 3, randomized, placebo‐controlled study of zibotentan (ZD4054) in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer metastatic to bone (2012)

In this large, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, treatment with zibotentan 10 mg/day did not lead to a statistically significant improvement in OS in this patient population. Zibotentan had an acceptable safety profile.