gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase Behavior of Polystyrene−Poly(2-vinylpyridine) Diblock Copolymers (1996)

We characterize the phase behavior of a series of polystyrene−poly(2-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymers (Mw ∼ 20 000 g/mol) using dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, small-angle neutron scattering, and small-angle X-ray scattering. Measurements on symmetric diblocks (fPS = 0.5) permit us to estimate the Flory−Huggins interaction parameter (χ) for this system, which we use to place our findings on a diagram. Four ordered morphologies (lamellae, hexagonally perforated layers, bicontinuous cubic/gyroid, and hexagonally packed cylinders) are found at compositions ranging from 35 to 70 vol % polystyrene. An order−order transition separates the hexagonally perforated layer and Ia3̄d/gyroid phases at 38 vol % styrene. Studies of shear-oriented material indicate that the cubic microstructure does not appear to grow with a preferred orientation from the layered phase, in contrast to recent findings in other diblock systems. The occurrence of complex phases at compositions between those at which lamellar and cylindrical phases are observed appears to be a general feature of low molecular weight diblock copolymer melts.
Induction of tolerogenic lung CD4+ T cells by local treatment with a pSTAT-3 and pSTAT-5 inhibitor ameliorated experimental allergic asthma (2010)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 inhibitors play an important role in regulating immune responses. Galiellalactone (GL) is a fungal secondary metabolite known to interfere with the binding of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (pSTAT)-3 as well of pSTAT-6 dimers to their target DNA in vitro. Intra nasal delivery of 50 μg GL into the lung of naive Balb/c mice induced FoxP3 expression locally and IL-10 production and IL-12p40 in RNA expression in the airways in vivo. In a murine model of allergic asthma, GL significantly suppressed the cardinal features of asthma, such as airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia and mucus production, after sensitization and subsequent challenge with ovalbumin (OVA). These changes resulted in induction of IL-12p70 and IL-10 production by lung CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs) accompanied by an increase of IL-3 receptor α chain and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase expression in these cells. Furthermore, GL inhibited IL-4 production in T-bet-deficient CD4(+) T cells and down-regulated the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), also in the absence of STAT-3 in T cells, in the lung in a murine model of asthma. In addition, we found reduced amounts of pSTAT-5 in the lung of GL-treated mice that correlated with decreased release of IL-2 by lung OVA-specific CD4(+) T cells after treatment with GL in vitro also in the absence of T-bet. Thus, GL treatment in vivo and in vitro emerges as a novel therapeutic approach for allergic asthma by modulating lung DC phenotype and function resulting in a protective response via CD4(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells locally.
Efficient computation of maximal independent sets in unstructured multi-hop radio networks (2005)

When being deployed, ad-hoc and sensor networks are unstructured and lack an efficient and reliable communication scheme. Hence, the organization of a MAC layer is the primary goal during and immediately after the deployment of such networks. Computing a good initial clustering facilitates this task and is therefore a vital part of the initialization process. A clustering based on a maximal independent set provides several highly desirable properties. Besides yielding a dominating set of good quality, such a clustering avoids interference between clusterheads, thus allowing efficient communication. We propose a novel algorithm that works under a model capturing the characteristics of the initialization phase of unstructured radio networks, i.e., asynchronous wake-up, scarce knowledge about the topology of the network graph, no collision detection, and the hidden terminal problem. We show that even under these hard conditions, the algorithm computes a maximal independent set in polylogarithmic time.
Scanning tunneling spectroscopic characterization of single walled carbon nanotubes in bundles (2001)

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) prepared by a contact-arc-discharge followed by a hydrothermal purification are analyzed in the mat-form samples with the use of UHV scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS). The characteristic electronic states of individual tubes in a bundle are found to be specified to the bundle.
Signals With Sparse Mutual Interference for Sounding Massive MIMO Channels (2021)

In this paper, we propose a set of new sounding reference signals (SRSs) for time-division duplexing (TDD) massive MIMO systems with channel aging. It is analytically shown that the proposed set of SRSs exhibit zero correlation zone (ZCZ) property, which guarantees sparse and marginal interference between the SRSs. Therefore, all SRSs in the set can be transmitted concurrently in a cell with a short SRS period per user to alleviate the channel aging effect. We also analytically derive the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and show how the SRS should be constructed to achieve low PAPR. Finally, simulation results are provided to show that the proposed SRSs result in larger downlink throughput than the 5G New Radio SRSs.
On maximum-likelihood detection and decoding for space-time coding systems (2002)

Space-time coding (STC) schemes for communication systems employing multiple transmit and receive antennas have been attracting increased attention. In this paper, we address two interrelated problems: detection of space-time codes under various interference conditions and information transfer from the STC detector to an error-correcting channel decoder. By taking a systematic maximum-likelihood (ML) approach to the joint detection and decoding problem, we show how to design optimal detectors and how to integrate them with a channel decoder. We also discuss various aspects of channel modeling for STC communication receivers. In particular, while many previous works on space-time coding assume that the channel is a stochastic quantity, we find that a deterministic channel model can have some advantages for the receiver design. Finally, we illustrate our results by numerical examples. Index Terms-Interference suppression, maximum-likelihood estimation, maximum-likelihood sequence detection, MIMO systems, space-time coding, soft information.
Duration and number of rainfall events in Brazil (2010)

In this paper, the statistics of number and duration of rainfall events exceeding given thresholds, are investigated for four sites in Brazil. One of the sites is located within the Brazilian Amazonia: Belem (-1, super-humid equatorial). The other sites are located in Rio de Janeiro (-23, tropical), Curitiba (-25, subtropical-highlands) and Porto Alegre (-30, subtropical). Understanding the dynamics of rainfall should improve the statistical modelling of attenuation. Results include the parametric estimation of the cumulative distribution functions of rainfall events duration based on a Weibull distribution. These results indicate a clusterization of the shape parameter around several distinct rainfall threshold regions. The total number and duration of events are analysed using a modeling strategy based on second order exponentials. Average duration of events is modeled by an single order exponential model. The ruggedness of the average duration curves highlighted a clustering effect.
Efficiently Enforcing Diversity in Multi-Output Structured Prediction (2014)

This paper proposes a novel method for effi-ciently generating multiple diverse predictions for structured prediction problems. Existing methods like SDPPs or DivMBest work by mak-ing a series of predictions where each predic-tion is made after considering the predictions that came before it. Such approaches are inher-ently sequential and computationally expensive. In contrast, our method, Diverse Multiple Choice Learning, learns a set of models to make multi-ple independent, yet diverse, predictions at test-time. We achieve this by including a diversity en-couraging term in the loss function used for train-ing the models. This approach encourages diver-sity in the predictions while preserving compu-tational efficiency at test-time. Experimental re-sults on a number of challenging problems show that our method learns models that not only pre-dict more diverse results than competing meth-ods, but are also able to generalize better and pro-duce results with high test accuracy. 1
Improving Flow-through Electrode Performance Using Computational Design of Architected Porosity (2020)

Electrochemical systems such as fuel cells, flow batteries, and electrochemical reactors are prevalent in industry, but few tools for their numerical design and optimization exist. Controlling fluid flow, active species distribution, and mass transport in the electrode has a dramatic impact on power and efficiency. However, this control is often limited to changing a quasi-two-dimensional flowfield and selecting bulk properties of a monolithic porous material electrode like carbon felt or paper. This can lead to non-uniform reaction rates, underutilized regions of the flow cell, and can limit the ultimate performance of the devices. To address these limitations, we propose using electrodes composed of a micro-architected variable porosity medium. As a specific example, we enable variable porosity by leveraging advances in the additive manufacture of microscale iso-truss lattices. We employ physics-based homogenization of the governing microscopic, continuum transport equations to develop a descriptive model and enable the design of this variable porosity electrode. Our tool is used to generate optimized architectures which are predicted to outperform monolithic electrodes when used in a standard flow-through configuration. We conclude by demonstrating how the optimal porosity distribution changes to retain the performance benefits as the electrode is scaled beyond benchtop-experiments LLNL-ABS- 810799 This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
Server Placement in Multiple-Description-Based Media Streaming (2008)

Multiple description coding (MDC) is a powerful source coding technique that involves encoding a media stream into r independently decodeable substreams. With every successful reception of a substream, decoded signal quality improves. We consider the problem of placing a set of servers in the network such that a desired quality of service can be provided to a community of clients. We formulate the server placement (SP) problem, whose goal is to identify the minimum number of server locations that can provide r descriptions to a set of clients such that the delay associated with each path from a chosen server location to a given client is bounded by a given delay constraint and the total "unreliability" associated with the group of paths to a given client is also upper bounded. We show that the SP problem is NP-complete. We propose a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation and heuristic solution for the SP problem. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm and to compare it with the MILP solution.
Comparison of Different Strategies on DNA Chip Fabrication and DNA‐Sensing: Optical and Electrochemical Approaches (2005)

Abstract New strategies for the construction of DNA chips and the detection of DNA hybridization will be discussed in this review. The focus will be on the use of polypyrrole as a linker between a substrate and oligonucleotide probes. The modification step is based on the electrochemical copolymerization of pyrrole and oligonucleotides bearing a pyrrole group on its 5′ end. This strategy was employed for the immobilization of oligonucleotides on millimeter‐sized electrodes, microelectrode arrays, as well as for the local structuring of homogeneous gold surfaces. Our approaches for the localized patterning of gold surfaces will be also discussed. Localized immobilization was achieved by using an electrospotting technique, where a micropipette served as an electrochemical cell where spot sizes with 800 μm diameters were fabricated. The use of a microcell using a Teflon covered metal needle with a cavity of 100 μm resulted in immobilized probe spots of 300 μm. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was also used, and surface modifications of 100 μm were obtained depending on the experimental conditions. Different detection methods were employed for the reading of the hybridization event: fluorescence imaging, surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI), photocurrent measurements, and voltamperometric measurements using intercalators. Their advantages concerning the various immobilization strategies will also be discussed.
Tomographic Imagina of a supersonic jet (1985)

We report on the first demonstration of optical tomography as a 2-D quantitative measurement tool for measurement of gas density. This is also the first high-resolution optical tomography measurement using an incoherent source in place of the higher power but more expensive laser sources used previously.
Immunologic Studies of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Japan (1959)

Summary The antibody response patterns of 99 patients with proved or presumed JE have been studied. Neutralizing and HI antibodies were found to appear early in the course of disease. Although maximal amounts of neutralizing antibody were generally attained by the first week after onset of symptoms, HI antibody tended to increase through the third post onset week. CF antibody, on the other hand, was not commonly detected in the first two weeks of disease, and was not uniformly demonstrable in all patients. When present, significant increases in CF antibody were commonly demonstrated after the third week of disease. The significance of the dissociation in time of appearance of these antibody types, with particular reference to the practical problems of laboratory diagnosis of JE, is discussed. For routine diagnosis both CF and HI tests should be performed. The former is of greatest value when the initial serum is obtained relatively late after onset of disease. When this initial specimen is obtained within the first week of disease, the HI test provides the most rapid diagnosis. The neutralization test is of little diagnostic value because significant increases in titer are rarely demonstrable, and the test is time-consuming and expensive. The residual neutralizing antibody 5 years after overt infection with JE was found to be the same titer as that observed at the time of infection. CF antibody, although not detectable after 5 years in the majority of individuals, still was present in approximately 25% of persons studied. HI antibody for the most part remained detectable, though the range of titers was lower than that seen immediately after infection.
Original Multivalent Gold(III) and Dual Gold(III)–Copper(II) Conjugated Phosphorus Dendrimers as Potent Antitumoral and Antimicrobial Agents (2017)

Original metallophosphorus dendrimers (generation 3, 48 terminal groups) have been prepared via the complexation of phosphorus dendrimers bearing imino-pyridino end groups with Au(III) or with both Au(III) and Cu(II). The complexation of the dendrimer with Au(III), leading to 1G3-[Au<sub>48</sub>][AuCl<sub>4</sub>]<sub>48</sub>, strongly increased the antiproliferative activities against both KB and HL-60 tumoral cell lines, showing IC<sub>50</sub>s in the low nanomolar range. It can be noticed also that this gold conjugated phosphorus dendrimer displayed low activity on the quiescent cell line EPC versus its potent antiproliferative activity against actively dividing cells. In order to evaluate the potential synergistic effect between Au(III) and Cu(II) and the influence of the number of Au(III) moieties on the surface of dendrimer against the proliferative activities, nine other original dendrimers with several surface modifications have been prepared. Whatever the number of Au(III) moieties introduced on the surface of dendrimers, all the dendrimers prepared displayed similar potency (nanomolar range) to 1G3-[Au<sub>48</sub>][AuCl<sub>4</sub>]<sub>48</sub> against KB and HL60. In marked contrast synergistic effects on the antimicrobial activity of some of these phosphorus dendrimers are observed when both Au(III) and Cu(II) are present on the dendritic structure.
FPGA-based broadband current control of a linear motor with Class-G power amplifiers (2013)

In this paper, a broadband current control system using a FPGA and Class-G power amplifiers is realized. The current controllers with general PWM inverter, which is classified as Class-D power amplifier, does not operate in case that bandwidth of current controllers is enlarged due to PWM switching operations. On the contrary, the current control system using Class-G power amplifiers is able to be operated normally, even where the bandwidth is set as 25100 rad/s (≃ 4kHz). By the numerical simulations and the experiment, validity of the current controllers with Class-G power amplifiers is verified. The broadband current control realized in this paper is useful for servo systems in the field of fast motion control and real-world haptics.
Combination of the W boson polarization measurements in top quark decays using ATLAS and CMS data at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 8 TeV (2020)

A bstract The combination of measurements of the W boson polarization in top quark decays performed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations is presented. The measurements are based on proton-proton collision data produced at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 20 fb − 1 for each experiment. The measurements used events containing one lepton and having different jet multiplicities in the final state. The results are quoted as fractions of W bosons with longitudinal ( F 0 ), left-handed ( F L ), or right-handed ( F R ) polarizations. The resulting combined measurements of the polarization fractions are F 0 = 0 . 693 ± 0 . 014 and F L = 0 . 315 ± 0 . 011. The fraction F R is calculated from the unitarity constraint to be F R = − 0 . 008 ± 0 . 007. These results are in agreement with the standard model predictions at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics and represent an improvement in precision of 25 (29)% for F 0 ( F L ) with respect to the most precise single measurement. A limit on anomalous right-handed vector ( V R ), and left- and right-handed tensor ( g L , g R ) tWb couplings is set while fixing all others to their standard model values. The allowed regions are [ − 0 . 11 , 0 . 16] for V R , [ − 0 . 08 , 0 . 05] for g L , and [ − 0 . 04 , 0 . 02] for g R , at 95% confidence level. Limits on the corresponding Wilson coefficients are also derived.
Non-Invasive Characterization of the Organic Coating of Biocompatible Quantum Dots Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (2018)

Colloidal quantum dots, made of semiconductor cores and surface coated with an organic shell, have generated much interest in areas ranging from spectroscopy to charge and energy transfer interactions to device design, and as probes in biology. Despite the remarkable progress in the growth of these materials, rather limited information about the molecular arrangements of the organic coating is available. Here, several nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques have been combined to characterize the surface ligand structure(s) on biocompatible CdSe-ZnS quantum dots (QDs). These materials have been prepared via a photoinduced ligand exchange method in which the native hydrophobic coating is substituted, in situ, with a series of polyethylene glycol-modified lipoic acid-based ligands. We first combined diffusion ordered spectroscopy with heteronuclear single-quantum coherence measurements to outline the conditions under which the detected proton signals emanate from only surface-bound ligands and identify changes in the proton shifts between free and QD-bound ligands in the sample. Quantification of the ligand density on different size QDs was implemented by comparing the sharp 1H signature(s) of lateral groups in the ligands (e.g., the OCH3 group) to an external standard. We found that both the molecular architecture of the ligand and the surface curvature of the QDs combined play important roles in the surface coverage. Given the non-invasive nature of NMR as an analytical technique, the extracted information about the ligand arrangements on the QD surfaces in hydrophilic media will be highly valuable; it has great implications for the use of QDs in targeting and bioconjugation, cellular imaging, and energy and charge transfer interactions.
Study of high-temperature oxygen combustion (HiTOx) and its heating performance using a laboratory-scale test furnace (2021)

High-temperature air combustion technology (HiCOT), which uses air preheated by heat recirculation, has had a great impact on reduction of CO2 and NOx emissions from combustion furnaces. In this study, a lab-scale test furnace was developed to examine the novel combustion method termed as high-temperature oxygen combustion, HiTOx. HiTOx uses combustion with a preheated mixture of oxygen and burned gas. Testing was conducted with liquefied petroleum gas. HiTOx has the following three characteristics because nitrogen is excluded from the working gas: (1) in principle, no thermal NOx is generated; (2) combustion gas is almost entirely water vapor and carbon dioxide, providing better heating performance because of its strong gas-phase radiation; and (3) the method has good compatibility with carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies because carbon dioxide can be separated easily from the combustion gas of HiTOx furnace by condensation of water vapor. Heating performance tests in a lab-scale test furnace were conducted using stainless steel rectangular rods as heating objects. Gas temperature, object temperature, and heat fluxes on the objects were measured. Compared to HiCOT, HiTOx enables stable operation with a lower flow rate of flue gas, better gas temperature uniformity in the furnace, faster heating, and higher heat flux. The heat flux of HiTOx was slightly higher than that of HiCOT (7%) when the furnace temperature was low (973 K) and the temperature difference between the gas and object was large (280 K). On the other hand, the heat flux of HiTOx was much higher than that of HiCOT (22%) when the furnace temperature was high (1323 K) and the temperature difference was small (60 K). Radiative heat transfer at high temperature was greater in HiTOx than in HiCOT at small temperature difference between the gas and object. A furnace body can be greatly downsized by the good radiation performance of combustion gas in HiTOx, resulting in a remarkable improvement in energy-saving performance.