gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Detection Algorithms for MAC Layer Misbehavior: Theory and Experiments (2008)

We revisit the problem of detecting greedy behavior in the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol by evaluating the performance of two previously proposed schemes: DOMINO and the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT). Our evaluation is carried out in four steps. We first derive a new analytical formulation of the SPRT that considers access to the wireless medium in discrete time slots. Then, we introduce an analytical model for DOMINO. As a third step, we evaluate the theoretical performance of SPRT and DOMINO with newly introduced metrics that take into account the repeated nature of the tests. This theoretical comparison provides two major insights into the problem: it confirms the optimality of SPRT, and motivates us to define yet another test: a nonparametric CUSUM statistic that shares the same intuition as DOMINO but gives better performance. We finalize the paper with experimental results, confirming the correctness of our theoretical analysis and validating the introduction of the new nonparametric CUSUM statistic.
Dynamic visceral ischaemia in type A dissection (2020)

We describe a case of dynamic obstruction of the mesenteric arteries caused by aortic dissection. The flow pattern demonstrates a periodic flow variation, during which peak systolic velocity varied fourfold.
Constrained deconvolution approach with intercell interference cancellation for LOS estimation in WCDMA system (2004)

In most positioning techniques, two or more non-serving base stations (BS) are involved in the location procedure. The position is usually derived from the estimates of the time of arrival of the line-of-sight (LOS) components from these different BSs. In the downlink transmission, the received signal strength from a remote BS is quite low, especially when the mobile is close to the serving BS, and also it is composed of a sum of multiple propagation paths, which may arrive at sub-chip delay intervals, generating closely spaced multipaths. For accurate location estimates, some measures should be taken to solve the closely spaced paths and diminish the intercell interference. In this paper, we introduce a constrained deconvolution approach aided with an intercell interference estimation scheme to solve the closely spaced paths and to enhance the estimation of the delay of the first arriving path from the desired BS.
Ventral Striatal Activation during Reward Processing in Subjects with Ultra-High Risk for Schizophrenia (2012)

This study provides a first weak hint, as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging, for impaired activation of a central area of the mesolimbic dopaminergic brain reward system, the VS, already in subjects with ultra-high risk for psychosis, which is in line with results of patients with full-blown schizophrenic psychosis. This pilot study has, however, strong limitations, and its results need to be replicated first before they can be used e.g. for early recognition of patients in the schizophrenic prodrome.
Smectic F Phases in the Terephthalyidene-Bis-4-n-Alkylanilines (1978)

Abstract Recently terephthalylidene-bis-4-n-pentyl-aniline (TBPA) was reported to have two types of tilted smectic B (smectic H) phase. However, our study of this material shows that this compound has a smectic F phase and a smectic H phase, and not two H phases as previously thought.
1202 Reliability Evaluation of Flange-Climb Detection System at Low Speeds (2011)

In this investigation, the effect of track irregularities and cant of the curved track on the flange-climb detection accuracy and the possibility of misdetections are discussed. To this end, comparison of results obtained using a numerical vehicle model and the on-track test is performed first. It is shown that nominal changes in angular rates are in good agreement between the simulation and experiment. Furthermore, flange-climb simulations using measured track data are performed to discuss the effect of track irregularities and cant on the misdetection. It is demonstrated that the flange-climb detection system can properly work since the flange-climb is detected using both pitch rate and moving average of roll rate criteria.
Continuous intrathecal orexin delivery inhibits cataplexy in a murine model of narcolepsy (2018)

Narcolepsy-cataplexy is a chronic neurological disorder caused by loss of orexin (hypocretin)-producing neurons, associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep attacks, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and fragmentation of nighttime sleep. Currently, human narcolepsy is treated by providing symptomatic therapies, which can be associated with an array of side effects. Although peripherally administered orexin does not efficiently penetrate the blood-brain barrier, centrally delivered orexin can effectively alleviate narcoleptic symptoms in animal models. Chronic intrathecal drug infusion through an implantable pump is a clinically available strategy to treat a number of neurological diseases. Here we demonstrate that the narcoleptic symptoms of orexin knockout mice can be reversed by lumbar-level intrathecal orexin delivery. Orexin was delivered via a chronically implanted intrathecal catheter at the upper lumbar level. The computed tomographic scan confirmed that intrathecally administered contrast agent rapidly moved from the spinal cord to the brain. Intrathecally delivered orexin was detected in the brain by radioimmunoassay at levels comparable to endogenous orexin levels. Cataplexy and sleep-onset REM sleep were significantly decreased in orexin knockout mice during and long after slow infusion of orexin (1 nmol/1 µL/h). Sleep/wake states remained unchanged both quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Intrathecal orexin failed to induce any changes in double orexin receptor-1 and -2 knockout mice. This study supports the concept of intrathecal orexin delivery as a potential therapy for narcolepsy-cataplexy to improve the well-being of patients.
Enhancement of Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Transcytosis by Biparatopic VHH (2011)

The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) ensures the transport of dimeric immunoglobulin A (dIgA) and pentameric immunoglobulin M (pIgM) across epithelia to the mucosal layer of for example the intestines and the lungs via transcytosis. Per day the human pIgR mediates the excretion of 2 to 5 grams of dIgA into the mucosa of luminal organs. This system could prove useful for therapies aiming at excretion of compounds into the mucosa. Here we investigated the use of the variable domain of camelid derived heavy chain only antibodies, also known as VHHs or Nanobodies®, targeting the human pIgR, as a transport system across epithelial cells. We show that VHHs directed against the human pIgR are able to bind the receptor with high affinity (∼1 nM) and that they compete with the natural ligand, dIgA. In a transcytosis assay both native and phage-bound VHH were only able to get across polarized MDCK cells that express the human pIgR gene in a basolateral to apical fashion. Indicating that the VHHs are able to translocate across epithelia and to take along large particles of cargo. Furthermore, by making multivalent VHHs we were able to enhance the transport of the compounds both in a MDCK-hpIgR and Caco-2 cell system, probably by inducing receptor clustering. These results show that VHHs can be used as a carrier system to exploit the human pIgR transcytotic system and that multivalent compounds are able to significantly enhance the transport across epithelial monolayers.
Results of the Community Health Applied Research Network (CHARN) National Research Capacity Survey of Community Health Centers (2015)

There is considerable variation in research involvement, partnerships, and focus both within and across CHCs. Development of training programs to increase research capacity should be tailored to address the specific needs and roles of staff involved in research.
MONITORING AND CONTROL OF CELL GROWTH IN FED-BATCH MICROBIOREACTORS (2003)

We present a fed-batch microbioreactor made of poly~methylmethacrylate) (PMMA). The reactor chamber has a working volume of approximately SO@ and includes an active magnetic mixer to maintain uniform concentration distribution. The reactor accommodates fluorescent sensors for on-line measurement of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO), as well as transmission measurement of cell density. Escherichia coli cell growth has been demonstrated for both batch and fed-batch processes.
A validated web‐based tool to display individualised Crohn's disease predicted outcomes based on clinical, serologic and genetic variables (2015)

A validated, web-based tool has been developed to display an individualised predicted outcome for adult patients with Crohn's disease based on clinical, serologic and genetic variables. This tool can be used to help providers and patients make personalised decisions about treatment options.
Thiomolybdates in the Treatment of Wilson's Disease-Reply (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We wish to respond to the letter by Walshe, who made important contributions to the therapy of Wilson's disease 35 and 22 years ago, with the introduction of penicillamine and trien, respectively, in peer-reviewed journal articles.<sup>1,2</sup>In response to our recent article<sup>3</sup>on the use of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TM) for the initial treatment of neurologically ill patients with Wilson's disease published in theArchives, Walshe complains about a number of areas. First, Walshe will be pleased to know that we were not "unaware" of the literature that he mentions, but felt that it was not sufficiently relevant to the topic of our article to be included in the reference list. Four references on the previous knowledge of the anticopper effect of TM were given (references 6 through 9,<sup>3</sup>dating back to 1981). We note that the interesting history of how TM came to be known
Crystallinity and mechanical properties of PP-homopolymers as influenced by molecular structure and nucleation (1996)

The evolution of crystallinity and mechanical properties of two different series of PP-homopolymers (RE grades coming directly from the polymerization reactor and CR grades priorly subjected to a defined degradation process) as influenced by the molar mass and heterogeneous nucleation was investigated, including one highly isotactic material to check the tacticity influence. In principle, the effects seem explainable by differences in the number of nuclei and the spherulithic growth speed, which were determined separately. The nucleation effects are similar for all materials, but strongly dependent of the molar mass of the materials. Apart from the bulk material properties, also the development of shearinduced structures is strongly influenced by molar mass and nucleation, contributing additionally to mechanics. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Computing stable poses of piecewise smooth objects (2002)

When a three dimensional object is known to be lying on a planar surface, its pose is restricted from six to three degrees of freedom. Computer vision algorithms can exploit the few stable poses of modelled objects to simplify scene interpretation and more accurately determine object location. The paper presents necessary and sufficient conditions for the pose of a piecewise smooth curved three dimensional object to be stable. For objects whose surfaces are represented by implicit algebraic equations, these conditions can be expressed as systems of polynomial equations that are readily solved by homotopy continuation. Examples from the implemented algorithm are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Estimation and statistical validation of event-invariant nonlinear dynamic models of hippocampal CA3-CA1 population activities (2011)

To develop hippocampal prosthetic devices that can restore the memory-dependent cognitive functions lost in diseases or injuries, it is essential to build a computational model that sufficiently captures the transformations of multiple memories performed by hippocampal sub-regions. A universal model with a single set of coefficients for all memories is desirable, since it can transform the memories without explicitly knowing what those memories represent and thus avoids switching between multiple models for multiple memories in implementation. In this study, we test the feasibility of such universal models of hippocampal CA3-CA1 by estimating the multi-input, multi-output (MEMO) nonlinear dynamic models using input (CA3) and output (CA1) spike trains recorded during multiple behavioral events representing multiple memories from rats performing a delayed nonmatch-to-sample task. We further statistically evaluated the model performances of the MEMO models on the different events. Results show that the models accurately replicate the output spike patterns during those events, and thus can be used as event-invariant nonlinear dynamic models that continuously predict the ongoing CA1 spatio-temporal patterns as the ongoing CA3 spatio-temporal patterns unfold.
A soluble bispentacenequinone precursor for creation of directly 6,6′-linked bispentacenes and a tetracyanobipentacenequinodimethane (2013)

We have synthesized 13,13′-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-6,6′-bipentacene from a soluble bispentacenequinone precursor. Bispentacene takes orthogonal conformation in the solid state and exhibits four reversible redox potentials. In addition, a tetracyanobipentacenequinodimethane was obtained for the first time from the pure bispentacenequinone.
Validation of object oriented models using animation (1999)

Experience has shown that prototyping is a valuable technique in the validation of designs. However the prototype(s) can be too far semantically removed from the design. Animation is a technique where a design itself can be 'executed' without the need to translate to a high-level language to build a prototype. While animation has been implemented with formal specification languages such as VDM, Z and B and used with some success, we feel that its application to a more graphical specification language/notation would introduce animation to a wider range of software designers. This paper discusses the basis of a technique for the animation of rigorously specified object-oriented models written using the Unified Modelling Language and the Object Constraint Language.
2–8 GHz Interference Detector With 1.1 μs Response (2022)

This letter reports the first wideband method that: 1) detects both the power and frequency of an arbitrary interferer within a two-octave bandwidth and 2) subsequently deactivates the interferer through a frequency-tunable narrowband bandstop filter (BSF). The entire process can be completed within approximately <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1~\mu \text {s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . The success of the proposed detection method relies on creating frequency- and power-dependent standing wave patterns of the incoming signal. It is worth emphasizing that all frequencies and power levels are simultaneously mapped to the system’s detection scheme without requiring time-consuming spectrum- and/or power-searching steps. After presenting the fundamental concept and the basic design steps, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept system that can detect interfering signals with unknown and arbitrary frequencies in the 2–8 GHz band and powers in the −5 to +15 dBm range. The proposed system is implemented with low-cost off-the-shelf components. The measured interferer deactivation response time is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.1~\mu \text {s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for all signals within the system specifications.
β-Alanine and N-terminal cationic substituents affect polyamide–DNA binding (2017)

Minor-groove binding hairpin polyamides (PAs) bind specific DNA sequences. Synthetic modifications can improve PA-DNA binding affinity and include flexible modules, such as β-alanine (β) motifs to replace pyrroles (Py), and increasing compound charge using N-terminal cationic substituents. To better understand the variations in kinetics and affinities caused by these modifications on PA-DNA interactions, a comprehensive set of PAs with different numbers and positions of β and different types of N-cationic groups was systematically designed and synthesized to bind their cognate sequence, the λB motif. The λB motif is also a strong binding promoter site of the major groove targeting transcription factor PU.1. The PA binding affinities and kinetics were evaluated using a spectrum of powerful biophysical methods: thermal melting, biosensor surface plasmon resonance and circular dichroism. The results show that β inserts affect PA-DNA interactions in a number and position dependent manner. Specifically, a β replacement between two imidazole heterocycles (ImβIm) generally strengthens binding. In addition, N-terminal cationic groups can accelerate the association between PA and DNA, but the bulky size of TMG can cause steric hindrance and unfavourable repulsive electrostatic interactions in some PAs. The future design of stronger binding PA requires careful combination of βs and cationic substituents.
Data from Elastography Can Map the Local Inverse Relationship between Shear Modulus and Drug Delivery within the Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;High tissue pressure prevents chemotherapeutics from reaching the core of pancreatic tumors. Therefore, targeted therapies have been developed to reduce this pressure. While point probes have shown the effectiveness of these pressure-reducing therapies via single-location estimates, ultrasound elastography is now widely available as an imaging technique to provide real-time spatial maps of shear modulus (tissue stiffness). However, the relationship between shear modulus and the underlying tumor microenvironmental causes of high tissue pressure has not been investigated. In this work, elastography was used to investigate how shear modulus influences drug delivery &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt;, and how it correlates with collagen density, hyaluronic acid content, and patent vessel density—features of the tumor microenvironment known to influence tissue pressure.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Intravenous injection of verteporfin, an approved human fluorescent drug, was used in two pancreatic cancer xenograft models [AsPC-1 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 25) and BxPC-3 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 25)].&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Fluorescence intensity was higher in AsPC-1 tumors than in BxPC-3 tumors (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). Comparing drug uptake images and shear wave elastographic images with histologic images revealed that: (i) drug delivery and shear modulus were inversely related, (ii) shear modulus increased linearly with increasing collagen density, and (iii) shear modulus was marginally correlated with the local assessment of hyaluronic acid content.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;These results demonstrate that elastography could guide targeted therapy and/or identify patients with highly elevated tissue pressure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Nia et al., p. 2024&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ion Pair Chromatography (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Principles Typical Separations Mechanism
[Congenital heart disease surgery in Senegal. Indications, evaluation and perspectives]. (1996)

In Senegal, congenital heart diseases (CHD) raise important issues. Their late detection makes more complicated the non yet resolved issue of the medico-surgical care. 108 patients with congenital heart diseases have been studied prospectively from February 1992 to May 1994. Epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical data are analysed. Prognosis and treatment are discussed. Congenital heart diseases represent 1% of the outpatient cardiovascular pathology. Diagnosis of the malformation based on echocardiography shows that most of congenital heart diseases are ventricular septal defect (25%); followed by Tetralogy of Fallot (13%). Average age of the patients is 6.86 years. 31% of the cases have heart failure. ECG is abnormal in 103 patients. On the radiologic side, average cardio-thoracic ration is 0.61. Because of heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and hypoxia, the spontaneous prognosis is cautious in 71 patients (66%) who should receive surgical treatment. Among them, 5 patients non operated died and 10 (14%) have been operated. Among the 10 patients who got surgery, 3 with wide persistent ductus arteriosus got in Dakar. All these patients have excellent operative results. In Senegal, only close heart surgery is available and prognosis of the vast majority of patients, including those with valvular and coronary heart diseases, is very cautious. Intervention of Europe-based aid organizations for evacuation is not useful. It is very important to promote, in Senegal, open heart surgery.
Computer Aided Drug Design (CADD) (2008)

If we perform molecular dynamic simulations using computer programs, then we should be able to analyze Malate Synthase’ structure and its binding sites. Motivation • To Design a drug for Bacterium tuberculosis ( bacteria that cause tuberculosis). • To Learn about the Bacterial Metabolism and Enzymes Involved, Malate Synthase, is of interest in this study. Background Knowledge • It is estimated that one third of the world population is infected with tuberculosis.
Influence of ZSM-5 properties in the Flash Catalytic Pyrolysis of polyethylene (2019)

International audience
Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in Gas Turbine Blade Cooling Passages (1992)

A numerical analysis methodology has been created to predict the heat transfer within the air cooling passages of gas turbine blades. In this paper, the turbulent flow heat convection with developed velocity and temperature fields is studied for cavities with turbulators. The influence of Coriolis forces and rotational buoyancy effects were also included. The k-equation turbulence model was employed over most of the cross section while a modified Van Driest’s version of the mixing length hypothesis is used in the near-wall sublayer. This methodology was successfully benchmarked against experimental results for air cooling passages of turbine blades. Analytical results are presented in terms of the Reynolds, Rossby and rotational Rayleigh numbers for realistic operating conditions.