gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A reconfigurable fabric for accelerating large-scale datacenter services (2014)

Datacenter workloads demand high computational capabilities, flexibility, power efficiency, and low cost. It is challenging to improve all of these factors simultaneously. To advance datacenter capabilities beyond what commodity server designs can provide, we have designed and built a composable, reconfigurable fabric to accelerate portions of large-scale software services. Each instantiation of the fabric consists of a 6×8 2-D torus of high-end Stratix V FPGAs embedded into a half-rack of 48 machines. One FPGA is placed into each server, accessible through PCIe, and wired directly to other FPGAs with pairs of 10 Gb SAS cables. In this paper, we describe a medium-scale deployment of this fabric on a bed of 1,632 servers, and measure its efficacy in accelerating the Bing web search engine. We describe the requirements and architecture of the system, detail the critical engineering challenges and solutions needed to make the system robust in the presence of failures, and measure the performance, power, and resilience of the system when ranking candidate documents. Under high load, the largescale reconfigurable fabric improves the ranking throughput of each server by a factor of 95% for a fixed latency distribution—or, while maintaining equivalent throughput, reduces the tail latency by 29%.
Surface structure of few layer graphene (2018)

Understanding surface structure of graphene is important for its integration into composite materials. Here, we have used synchrotron X-ray reflectivity (XRR) to study the structure of commercially available graphene samples (prepared via chemical vapor deposition, and marketed as graphene monolayers) on SiO2/Si at different temperatures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoemission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to evaluate the composition and morphology of the graphene layer. Our results indicate that the samples we characterized consisted of 3–4 layers of graphene, which should thus be more accurately described as few layer graphene (FLG). Furthermore, a “contaminant” layer, comprising polymethylmethacrylate and graphene multilayers, was found present atop FLG. We also report tentative results on the effect of temperature on the graphene sample thickness. At 25 °C, the FLG thickness from XRR measurements was 13.0 ± 1.0 Å, in agreement with that obtained from AFM (13.9 ± 0.7 Å). Upon heating to 60 °C, the FLG thickness expanded to 13.8 Å, which further increased to 14.3 Å upon cooling to 25 °C. We attribute this temperature dependent thickness to the out-of-plane rippling of graphene as previously reported. These unprecedented results on the FLG surface structure are valuable to its potential bioanalytical applications.
Wave Energy Conversion for Shoreline Protection (2013)

Abstract This paper is based on the premise that “wave energy conversion” is the conversion of the energy of ocean waves into other energy forms for the benefit of the environment. By taking advantage of the diffraction focusing phenomenon, commonly associated with water wave energy conversion, a bimodal buoy called the Antenna Buoy has been developed to both attract and dissipate incident water wave energy. As a result, arrays of the buoy can be deployed to form an effective floating breakwater system. Results from a full-scale experimental study show that an array of buoys, with each buoy pair separated by about 10 body widths, can dissipate up to 65% of the incident wave energy, where the value of the energy dissipation depends on the wave frequency. To arrive at this value, the full-scale test was conducted in a vertical-walled tank, where wall reflections were from “virtual” units in an array. The full-scale model used in the study is based on the averaged wave climate in the central-to-northern waters of the Chesapeake Bay. In addition to being effective in its design operation, the bimodal buoy can be repositioned or removed, as the site situation might require.
High speed logic operations of all refractory Josephson integrated circuits (1983)

A chain circuit of four-junction logic gates consisting of all refractory junctions with niobium nitride (NbN)-niobium (Nb) double-layered electrodes has been fabricated with a 2.5-μm minimum feature. A reactive ion etching technique has been used for patterning every layer such as junction electrodes, molybdenum resistors, and insulation layers. The minimum logic delay of 18 ps/gate has been obtained in the experimental circuit.
Low-loss Waveguides in Y-cut Thin Film Lithium Niobate for Acousto-Optic Applications (2019)

The dependence of waveguide loss on buried oxide thickness in Y-cut lithium niobate on insulator (an ideal platform for acousto-optic devices) was investigated. Waveguide loss of as low as 0.33 dB/cm was measured.
A novel P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonist that inhibits platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in rat and dog models (2007)

Irreversible platelet inhibitors, such as aspirin and clopidogrel, have limited anti-thrombotic efficacy in the clinic due to their bleeding risk. We have developed an orally active reversible P2Y(12) receptor antagonist, BX 667. The aim of this study was to determine if the reversible antagonist BX 667 had a greater therapeutic index than the irreversible P2Y(12) receptor antagonist clopidogrel. Since BX 667 is rapidly converted to its active metabolite BX 048 in rats, we first injected BX 048 intravenously (iv) in a rat arterial venous (A-V) shunt model of thrombosis. BX 048 dose- and concentration-dependently attenuated thrombosis. When administered orally, BX 667 and clopidogrel had similar efficacy, but BX 667 caused less bleeding than clopidogrel. In a rat model of a platelet-rich thrombus induced by vessel injury with FeCl(2), both BX 667 and clopidogrel exhibited higher levels of thrombus inhibition after oral administration compared to their potency in the A-V shunt model. Again, BX 667 caused less bleeding than clopidogrel. In a dog cyclic flow model, iv injection of either BX 667 or clopidogrel dose-dependently reduced thrombus formation with lower bleeding for BX 667 than clopidogrel. Inhibition of thrombosis was highly correlated with inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in these animal models. In dogs pre-treated with aspirin, BX 667 maintained its wider therapeutic index, measured by inhibition of platelet aggregation over bleeding, compared to the aspirin-clopidogrel combination. These data demonstrate that the reversible P2Y(12) receptor antagonist, BX 667, has a wider therapeutic index than clopidogrel in experimental models of thrombosis.
Automated Generation of Tiny Model for Real-Time ECG Classification on Tiny Edge Devices (2022)

Continuous monitoring of cardiac health through single-lead wearable Electrocardiogram (ECG), is important for paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (AF) detection. Wearable ECG straps, watches, and implantable loop recorders (ILR) are based on this paradigm. These devices are used by medical professionals to view data from multiple patients, perform continuous monitoring and analysis to provide immediate care to patients. These monitoring devices display simple health screening alerts to the subjects and generate distress signals for people working outdoors or in isolated environments with intermittent Internet connectivity. Hence, low-memory, low-power, low-latency on-device inference becomes very important. This work aims at realizing such solutions by providing a framework to generate tiny (less than 256 KB) Deep Neural Networks customized for typical microcontrollers (MCU) used in those devices.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase-mediated Glycolytic Metabolic Shift in the Dorsal Root Ganglion Drives Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (2016)

The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is a highly vulnerable site in diabetic neuropathy. Under diabetic conditions, the DRG is subjected to tissue ischemia or lower ambient oxygen tension that leads to aberrant metabolic functions. Metabolic dysfunctions have been documented to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diverse pain hypersensitivities. However, the contribution of diabetes-induced metabolic dysfunctions in the DRG to the pathogenesis of painful diabetic neuropathy remains ill-explored. In this study, we report that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK2 and PDK4), key regulatory enzymes in glucose metabolism, mediate glycolytic metabolic shift in the DRG leading to painful diabetic neuropathy. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes substantially enhanced the expression and activity of the PDKs in the DRG, and the genetic ablation of Pdk2 and Pdk4 attenuated the hyperglycemia-induced pain hypersensitivity. Mechanistically, Pdk2/4 deficiency inhibited the diabetes-induced lactate surge, expression of pain-related ion channels, activation of satellite glial cells, and infiltration of macrophages in the DRG, in addition to reducing central sensitization and neuroinflammation hallmarks in the spinal cord, which probably accounts for the attenuated pain hypersensitivity. Pdk2/4-deficient mice were partly resistant to the diabetes-induced loss of peripheral nerve structure and function. Furthermore, in the experiments using DRG neuron cultures, lactic acid treatment enhanced the expression of the ion channels and compromised cell viability. Finally, the pharmacological inhibition of DRG PDKs or lactic acid production substantially attenuated diabetes-induced pain hypersensitivity. Taken together, PDK2/4 induction and the subsequent lactate surge induce the metabolic shift in the diabetic DRG, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of painful diabetic neuropathy.
Characterization of cobalamin receptor sites in brush-border plasma membranes of the tapeworm Spirometra mansonoides. (1983)

The interaction of receptor sites in microtriches (brush-border) membranes isolated from the sparganum (larva) of the cestode (tapeworm) Spirometra mansonoides with [57Co]cyanocobalamin (CN-[57Co]Cbl) has been characterized on the basis of the following criteria: time dependence, reversibility, high-affinity binding, finite binding capacity, and ligand specificity. The association of CN-[57Co]Cbl to isolated microtriches membranes at 22 degrees C reached equilibrium in approximately 90 min. The initial rate of association follows second order kinetics with an association rate constant (ka) of 1.1 X 10(6) M-1 S-1. In the presence of an excess of unlabeled CN-Cbl, the receptor CN-[57Co]Cbl complex dissociated according to first order kinetics with a dissociation constant (kd) of 4.4 X 10(-4) S-1. An equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 0.4 nM was calculated on the basis of rate constants (KD = kd/ka). Scatchard analysis of equilibrium-binding data revealed a single class of high affinity binding sites with a KD of 0.3 nM and a maximum binding capacity for CN-Cbl of 221 fmol/mg of membrane protein. The stereo-specificity of CN-Cbl binding to receptor sites in isolated microtriches membranes was determined using various Cbl analogs. Receptor-site binding affinity was lowered by the following modifications: deamination of the b-, d-, and e-propionamide side chains to the corresponding monocarboxylate derivatives; modification of the B pyrrole ring to lactam or lactone; substitution of the benzimidazole moiety by a purine; modification of the benzimidazole; or deletion of the entire nucleotide moiety. On the basis of the action of trypsin and pronase, this CN-Cbl receptor may contain a relatively exposed membrane protein. The physiological role of this CN-Cbl receptor in the binding, internalization, and metabolism of Cbl is discussed in relation to cestodes and their mammalian hosts.
Manipulation of Hyperbaric Lidocaine Using a Weak Magnetic Field (2012)

High spinal block is a potentially fatal complication of spinal anesthesia, with an incidence of 0.6 per 1000. Current prevention strategies include decreasing the dose of local anesthetic drug and altering patient positioning such that the location of hyperbaric anesthetic drugs in the neuraxis can be manipulated by gravity. Incorporation of a ferrofluid into a local anesthetic solution, combined with application of an external magnetic field in an in vitro spine model, allowed control of position of a solution of ferrofluid, dye, and local anesthetic against gravity, suggesting an additional mechanism by which anesthesia providers may prevent high spinal block.
Combinatorial immunotherapy of N-803 (IL-15 superagonist) and dinutuximab with ex vivo expanded natural killer cells significantly enhances in vitro cytotoxicity against GD2+ pediatric solid tumors and in vivo survival of xenografted immunodeficient NSG mice (2021)

Our results provide the rationale for the development of a clinical trial of N-803 in combination with dinutuximab and ex vivo exPBNK cells in patients with recurrent or metastatic GD2<sup>+</sup> solid tumors.
Response to Comment on: Sun et al. Protection From Retinopathy and Other Complications in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes of Extreme Duration: The Joslin 50-Year Medalist Study. Diabetes Care 2011;34:968–974 (2011)

We thank Conway et al. (1) for the discussion of their findings regarding skin intrinsic fluorescence in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study cohort. Their results—that skin intrinsic fluorescence values are higher in individuals with no diabetic retinopathy (DR) as compared with more advanced DR—are consistent with our findings in the Medalist cohort in which …
TheProgrammable Logic-in-Memory(PLiM) Computer (2016)

Realization of logic and storage operations in memristive circuits have opened up a promising research direction of in-memory computing. Elementary digital circuits, e.g., Boolean arithmetic circuits, can be economically realized within memristive circuits with a limited performance overhead as compared to the standard computation paradigms. This paper takes a major step along this direction by proposing a fully-programmable in-memory computing system. In particular, we address, for the first time, the question of controlling the in-memory computation, by proposing a lightweight unit managing the operations performed on a memristive array. Assembly-level programming abstraction is achieved by a natively-implemented majority and complement operator. This platform enables diverse sets of applications to be ported with little effort. As a case study, we present a standardized symmetric-key cipher for lightweight security applications. The detailed system design flow and simulation results with accurate device models are reported validating the approach.
Transparent, Luminescent, Antibacterial and Patternable Film Forming Composites of Graphene Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide (2011)

Multifunctional graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide (GO/RGO) composites were prepared through electrostatic interaction using biocompatible ingredients. Different functionalities were added to GO/RGO by anchoring materials such as native lactoferrin (NLf), NLf protected Au clusters (designated as Au@NLf), chitosan (Ch) and combinations thereof. Anchoring of Ch and NLf enhances the antibacterial property of RGO/GO. The addition of Ch to RGO/GO not only helped in forming stable dispersions but also helped in fabricating large (cm(2)) area films through a simple solvent evaporation technique. Functionalities such as photoluminescence were added to Ch-RGO/GO composites by anchoring Au@NLf on it. The composites thus formed showed stable luminescence in presence of various metal ions in the solid state. The composite showed reasonable stability against pH and temperature variations as well. The as-prepared films were transparent and the transparency could be modulated by controlling the concentration of RGO/GO in the composite. The antibacterial property and ability to form stable thin films may provide an opportunity to use such composites for medical and environmental remediation applications as well. Erasable patterns were fabricated on the film by stamping required patterns under compressive pressure. Luminescent patterns can be inscribed on the film and can be erased by simply wetting it. Such films with erasable information may be useful for security applications.
Electron trapping in 4H-SiC MOS capacitors fabricated by pre-oxidation nitrogen implantation (2011)

Incorporation of nitrogen (N) atoms by ion implantation prior to oxidation of SiO2/4H-SiC interfaces has been investigated by capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics and constant capacitance deep-level-transient spectroscopy (CCDLTS) measurements. The shift of the C-V curves to negative voltages can be explained by the partial activation of implanted N atoms during oxidation. The maximum amplitude of the CCDLTS spectra, proportional to the density of near-interface oxide traps, decreases with increasing N dose, but remains significantly larger than that of SiO2/SiC interfaces fabricated by post oxidation annealing in nitric oxide (NO). Intrinsic defects in the SiC epi-layer associated with implantation damage are also observed in N-implanted samples. In contrast, electron traps energetically close to the SiC conduction band, detected in NO annealed samples and presumably introduced during oxidation, are not observed in N-implanted samples. The improved transport characteristics of MOS transistors fabricated on N-implanted epi-layers compared to those fabricated by NO annealing is suggested to result from the effects of the greater N donor concentration and also possibly to the suppression of shallow electron traps in the SiC epilayer.
Differential effects of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates on human PBMCs and MUTZ-3 cells (2013)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
Integrated active tracking detector for MRI‐guided interventions (2011)

We present a fully integrated detector suitable for active tracking of interventional devices in MR-guided interventions. The single-chip microsystem consists of a detection coil, a tuning capacitor, an intermediate frequency downconversion receiver, and a phase-locked-loop-based frequency synthesizer. Thanks to the integrated mixer, the chip output stage delivers an analog frequency-downconverted NMR signal in the frequency range from 0 to 200 kHz. The microchip, realized in a standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology, has a size of 1 × 2 × 0.74 mm(3) and operates at a frequency of 63 MHz (i.e., in 1.5 T clinical scanners). Tests in a standard clinical scanner demonstrate the compatibility of the complementary metal oxide semiconductor microchip with clinical MRI systems. Using a solid sample of cis-polyisoprene having a size of 1 × 1.9 × 0.8 mm(3) as internal signal source, the detector achieves a three-dimensional isotropic spatial resolution of 0.15 mm in a measuring time of 100 ms.
Construction d'une cam ra ultra-rapide adapt e au rayonnement laser, a enregistrement continu et image par image simultan s (1972)

On décrit une caméra ultra-rapide à miroir tournant. L'appareil, construit dans le but d'étudier les propriétés des faisceaux laser, a prouvé son utilité dans de nombreux domaines. Cet instrument, qui est à activité totale, regroupe selon un schéma simple une caméra à fente (vitesse d'enregistrement de l'ordre de 40 mm/μs) et une caméra à images (prés de 2 millions d'images/s) employées simultanément.
Geologic-To-Seismic Modeling For Eldfisk SOA Reservoir Characterization – An Integrated Study (2012)

We demonstrate 3D high-resolution seismic modeling and RTM imaging using velocities derived from the Eldfisk geologic model. Using calibration parameters for chalk the Differential Effective Medium (DEM) method is used to derive P- and S-wave velocities from the imported porosity model. Once the velocity models are constructed we run 3D finite-difference modeling followed by RTM imaging focused on the reservoir characterization and advanced acquisition design over the seismically obscured area (SOA) on Eldfisk.
Discovery of AMG 232, a Small Molecule MDM2 Inhibitor in Clinical Development and its Back-up Clinical Candidate, AM-7209 (2020)

Significant drug discovery efforts have been poured into the design of selective small molecule inhibitors of the MDM2–p53 protein–protein interaction since the first co-crystal structure of the p53 peptide bound to MDM2 was reported in 1996. As a result, several compounds have been advanced into human clinical trials for the treatment of cancers in the past decade. Amgen's structure-based rational design and extensive structure–activity relationship studies led to the discovery of AMG 232, a novel piperidinone series small molecule inhibitor of the MDM2–p53 protein–protein interaction, which is currently in Phase I and II clinical trials for multiple tumor indications. AMG 232 is a potent MDM2 inhibitor (SPR Kd = 0.045 nM, SJSA-1 EdU IC50 = 9.1 nM) with remarkable pharmacokinetic properties. AMG 232 has demonstrated in vivo antitumor activity in several tumor xenograft models and led to complete tumor regression of MDM2 amplified SJSA-1 tumors (ED50 = 9.1 mg kg−1, QD dosing). This chapter covers a comprehensive discovery story of AMG232 from the de novo design of a rigid novel piperidinone scaffold to the systemic optimization of the piperidinone scaffold towards AMG 232 and its back-up clinical candidate AM-7209.
Li2CaSi2N4 and Li2SrSi2N4 – a Synthetic Approach to Three‐Dimensional Lithium Nitridosilicates (2010)

Abstract The quaternary lithium alkaline earth nitridosilicatesLi 2 MSi 2 N 4 with M = Ca, Sr were synthesized at 900 °C by employment of liquid lithium as fluxing agent in weld shut tantalum ampoules. The title compounds crystallize in space group Pa $\bar {3}$ [Li 2 CaSi 2 N 4 : a = 1056.9(12) pm, Z = 12, R 1 = 0.0439, wR 2 = 0.0839, 412 data, 42 parameters; Li 2 SrSi 2 N 4 : a = 1071.37(12) pm, Z = 12, R 1 = 0.0476, wR 2 = 0.1227, 528 data, 42 parameters]. The structure is built up from vertex sharing [SiN 4 ] tetrahedra forming a three‐dimensional network comprising the alkaline earth and lithium ions in the voids. The network is the first example of a nitridosilicate adopting topology of Net 39 according to O'Keeffe. The two crystallographically independent M 2+ sites are highly symmetrically coordinated by six nitrogen atoms. Lattice energy calculations (MAPLE) and EDX measurements confirmed the electrostatic bonding interactions and the chemical compositions. 7 Li and 29 Si solid‐state MAS NMR spectra of Li 2 SrSi 2 N 4 are reported. Electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) elucidates further information upon the lithium incorporation.
Analysis of a Multistage Queue (1985)

Multistage queueing mechanisms with quantum service are suitable in various computer and communication systems to guarantee small delays to short jobs without first knowing the service requirement of any job. In this paper we analyze the efficacy of one such scheme — a two-stage First-In First-Out (FIFO) and Round Robin (RR) — in discriminating between short and long jobs. We obtain the distribution of the delay for short jobs, the cycle time in the RR queue for long jobs, and the number of messages in the FIFO and the RR queues. For the specific parameters used in our numerical results, the two-queue scheme seems to discriminate effectively between the long and short jobs.
Probing the structural requirements of polybasic peptides for effective and specific amyloid reactivity (2017)

"Probing the structural requirements of polybasic peptides for effective and specific amyloid reactivity." Amyloid, 24(sup1), pp. 30–31