gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MOTORIST AID SYSTEMS STUDY. STATE OF THE ART REPORT (1976)

This report presents a comprehensive, objective evaluation of the current state of the art in motorist aid systems. It is intended as a central reference source for practicing engineers and other public officials seeking to determine the best course of action in providing assistance to disabled motorists. The alternative forms of motorist aid system concepts are defined in terms of functional elements and operating characteristics. System descriptions and operational histories of a representative cross-section of projects utilizing the various concepts are documented. Emphasis is then placed on federally-funded roadside callbox systems, their strengths and weaknesses, critical issues which have emerged as specific performance data became available are evaluated to provide a framework to assist traffic and highway engineers plan, design, install, operate, and evaluate future callbox systems. Major suppliers of MAS equipment are identified together with the key features of their relevant product line.
Movement of Small Molecules in Lipid Bilayers: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies (1996)

To assist in understanding the mechanism of membrane permeation, the movement of four different molecules within hydrated lipid bilayer membranes were studied via over 15 nanoseconds of atomic-level molecular dynamics simulation. In particular, the simulations were used to explain the anomolously high rate of permeation seen for small molecules. These simulations support the hypothesis that the rate of diffusion of small solutes is enhanced because they can move rapidly within and jump between spontaneously arising voids. The enhanced diffusion rate is greatest in the bilayer center where the voids are most frequently found and of the largest size. Molecules the volume of benzene or smaller experience this enhanced movement, however larger molecules, those the size of adamantane or larger, do not. The details of the diffusional mechanisms of these molecules are discussed. The role of hydrogen bonding for the interactions between drugs (a nifedipine analog) and membranes is discussed.
Role of T cell receptors in suppressing HIV infection in elite controllers (2016)

Abstract Virtually all HIV-infected patients progress to AIDS if not treated. A group of patients, called Elite Controllers (ECs), can suppress HIV infection without treatment. This ability of ECs is, in part, due to potent CD8+ T cell (CTL) responses against HIV epitopes presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. In this study, we focused on CTL responses restricted to HLA-B27, an allele that is enriched in ECs, but is not sufficient for protective ability. In HLA-B27+ ECs or non-controllers (NCs), immunodominant CTL responses specific to the KK10 epitope in Gag are found. Previous studies have shown that unlike NCs, B27-KK10-specific CTLs from ECs are efficient at eliminating HIV-infected or KK10-peptide pulsed cells. As the potency of CTLs can be modulated by their T cell receptor (TCR), we hypothesized that B27-KK10-specific TCRs play a significant role in suppressing HIV in ECs. Therefore, we cloned B27-KK10-specific TCRs from ECs or NCs, expressed them in primary T cells, and tested their cytotoxicity. We incubated TCR-transduced T cells with either HIV-infected or KK10-peptide pulsed target cells and measured target cell lysis. Unexpectedly, EC-TCRs were not significantly different than NC-TCRs in their cytotoxicity. We then tested the ability of these cells to suppress HIV in humanized mice and found no significant difference between EC- and NC-TCRs. We are currently investigating various aspects of these TCRs such as cross-reactivity to variants of KK10. The result that TCRs from ECs and non-controllers do not recapitulate the phenotype of CTLs is intriguing and warrants further studies to uncover the mechanism of immunologic control of HIV. Our studies also have implications in immunotherapy and vaccine approaches for HIV.
High-Throughput, Low-Power Software-Defined Radio Using Reconfigurable Processors (2011)

A new, low-power software-defined radio baseband supports up to 600 Mbps. Wireless LAN and WiMax are implemented on a dynamically reconfigurable processor that's fully utilized in the baseband operation. Power is estimated at 500 mW in a 40-nm CMOS design. The platform also permits fast runtime switching between multiple wireless standards.
ChemInform Abstract: A ONE‐STEP CONVERSION OF CHOLEST‐4‐EN‐3‐ONE TO 24‐HYDROXYCHOL‐4‐EN‐3‐ONE (1981)

Abstract Cholestenon (I) wird mit Trifluorperessigsäure oxidiert und in Fonn des Acetates (II) isoliert.
Search for pair-production of vector-like quarks in pp collision events at s=13 TeV with at least one leptonically decaying Z boson and a third-generation quark with the ATLAS detector (2023)

A search for the pair-production of vector-like quarks optimized for decays into a Z boson and a third-generation Standard Model quark is presented, using the full Run 2 dataset corresponding to 139fb−1 of pp collisions at s=13TeV, collected in 2015–2018 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The targeted final state is characterized by the presence of a Z boson with high transverse momentum, reconstructed from a pair of same-flavour leptons with opposite-sign charges, as well as by the presence of b-tagged jets and high-transverse-momentum large-radius jets reconstructed from calibrated smaller-radius jets. Events with exactly two or at least three leptons are used, which are further categorized by the presence of boosted W, Z, and Higgs bosons and top quarks. The categorization is performed using a neural-network-based boosted object tagger to enhance the sensitivity to signal relative to the background. No significant excess above the background expectation is observed and exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are set on the masses of the vector-like partners T and B of the top and bottom quarks, respectively. The limits depend on the branching ratio configurations and, in the case of 100% branching ratio for T→Zt and 100% branching ratio for B→Zb, this search sets the most stringent limits to date, allowing mT>1.60TeV and mB>1.42TeV, respectively.
Pressure-Dependent Changes in the Infrared C—H Vibrations of Monolayer Films at the Air/Water Interface Revealed by Two-Dimensional Infrared Correlation Spectroscopy (2000)

Two-dimensional infrared correlation analysis (2D-IR) was applied to a set of surface pressure-dependent unpolarized IR spectra of a monolayer film of 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) at the air/water (A/W) interface. The experimentally measured asynchronous 2D-IR spectra were compared with synthetic spectra calculated by using an “overlapped peaks” model vs. a “frequency shifting” model. The results presented here show that when the experimentally observed monolayer IR spectra are acquired as a function of surface pressure, one model cannot be used exclusively for spectral interpretation. In this study, the monolayer IR spectra were divided into a low-pressure region subset (&lt;11 mN/m) and a high-pressure region subset (&gt;11 mN/m). When the monolayer IR spectra acquired as a function of surface pressure are analyzed by 2D correlation methods, the results strongly support the following conclusions: (1) the low-pressure subset, which encompasses both the liquid expanded (LE) and the liquid expanded/liquid condensed (LE/LC) regions of the DPPC monolayer isotherm, is best modeled by two overlapped peaks correlated with ordered and disordered conformational states of the monolayer film; and (2) the high-pressure subset, which reflects solely the liquid condensed (LC) phase of the monolayer isotherm, is best modeled by a single peak, which undergoes a minor frequency shift, and which may be primarily correlated with gradual packing of the liquid condensed structure. This interpretation of the 2D-IR correlation spectra is in agreement with the interpretation of sub-bands seen in polarized monolayer IR spectra previously reported by our laboratory.
High-resolution burn imaging in pig skin by photoacoustic microscopy (2007)

Existing noninvasive imaging modalities fail to provide high-resolution depth-resolved imaging of skin burns in large depths. Hence, the measurement of burn depth, especially for partial-thickness burn, remains inaccurate. We used photoacoustic microscopy to measure the depth of acute thermal burns by imaging the microvasculature damage. In this work, partial-thickness burns were induced in vivo on pig skin. Limited by the flexibility of the photoacoustic scanning system, photoacoustic images of the burns were acquired after skin excision. Experimental results show that burn depth increases with longer heating duration. The maximum imaged burn depth measures ∼1.7 mm with a depth resolution of 15 &mgr;m.
Optimizing glucokinase activator binding kinetics to lower in vivo hypoglycemia risk (2014)

GK activators represent a promising strategy for treatment of T2DM; however, drug candidates have failed in clinical trials due to narrow TI between efficacy and hypoglycemia.
In Vitro Functional Testing of Endothelial Progenitor Cells That Overexpress Thrombomodulin (2011)

This study investigated the augmentation of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) thromboresistance by using gene therapy to overexpress thrombomodulin (TM), an endothelial cell membrane glycoprotein that has potent anti-coagulant properties. Late outgrowth EPCs were isolated from peripheral blood of patients with documented coronary artery disease and transfected with an adenoviral vector containing human TM. EPC transfection conditions for maximizing TM expression, transfection efficiency, and cell viability were employed. TM-overexpressing EPCs had a fivefold increase in the rate of activated protein C production over native EPCs and EPCs transfected with an adenoviral control vector expressing β-galactosidase (p<0.05). TM upregulation caused a significant threefold reduction in platelet adhesion compared to native EPCs, and a 12-fold reduction compared to collagen I-coated wells. Additionally, the clotting time of TM-transfected EPCs incubated with whole blood was significantly extended by 19% over native cells (p<0.05). These data indicate that TM-overexpression has the potential to improve the antithrombotic performance of patient-derived EPCs for endothelialization applications.
A role for oxygen-dependent mechanisms in killing of Leishmania donovani tissue forms by activated macrophages. (1982)

Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, infects macrophages (M phi ) of susceptible vertebrates. Immunologically activated M phi are leishmanicidal, but the mechanisms involved in the killing process are not well defined. We sought to investigate the role of reactive oxygen intermediates in the killing of L. donovani. Both the free-swimming promastigote and the intracellular amastigote forms were found to be susceptible to killing in vitro by hydrogen peroxide and other oxygen intermediates. Upon phagocytosis by mouse peritoneal M phi, promastigotes elicited a significantly stronger respiratory burst compared with amastigotes as measured by release of superoxide anion. Although amastigotes do not elicit a strong burst of M phi oxidative metabolism during the initial phagocytic event, immunologically activated M phi that acquired leishmanicidal capacity could be triggered to release substantial amounts of H2O2. Hence, the development of leishmanicidal capacity was correlated temporally with enhanced H2O2 generation by the M phi. In contrast, M phi that lost their ability to release significant amounts of H2O2 after several days in culture were unable to eliminate their parasite burden. Catalase markedly inhibited the elimination of amastigotes by lymphokine-stimulated M phi. In toto, the results implicate reactive oxygen intermediates in killing of the tissue form of L. donovani by its host cell, the mononuclear phagocyte.
Extremely sparse models of linkage disequilibrium in ancestrally diverse association studies (2022)

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) is the correlation among nearby genetic variants. In genetic association studies, LD is often modeled using massive local correlation matrices, but this approach is slow, especially in ancestrally diverse studies. Here, we introduce LD graphical models (LDGMs), which are an extremely sparse and efficient representation of LD. LDGMs are derived from genome-wide genealogies; statistical relationships among alleles in the LDGM correspond to genealogical relationships among haplotypes. We publish LDGMs and ancestry specific LDGM precision matrices for 18 million common SNPs (MAF&gt;1%) in five ancestry groups, validate their accuracy, and demonstrate order-of-magnitude improvements in runtime for commonly used LD matrix computations. We implement an extremely fast multi-ancestry polygenic prediction method, BLUPx-ldgm , which performs better than a similar method based on the reference LD correlation matrix. LDGMs will enable sophisticated methods that scale to ancestrally genetic association data across millions of variants and individuals.
Estimation of Matrix Properties From Geochemical Spectroscopy Logs Using Machine Learning (2022)

General machine learning-based algorithms have been developed to predict important matrix properties and an estimate of their uncertainties. Grain density, neutron porosities, cross sections for thermal neutron absorption (Sigma) and fast neutron elastic scattering (FNXS) are the considered properties. The models are trained in a proprietary core database of more than 2000 samples from a global distribution of sedimentary rocks. The performance of the matrix property predictions is demonstrated in independent core data and case studies from the field. The machine-learning models provide a significant improvement in accuracy over linear regression models, while eliminating the need for user inputs. The models help to account for the presence of unmeasured thermal absorbers (e.g., boron) through geochemical associations among the available log elements. The nonlinear models also provide better precision despite accounting for statistical noise on the input elements from logging measurements. We use field datasets to illustrate the improved performance in wells from the North Sea penetrating complex lithologies.
The Distribution of SINR and the Achieved Throughput in Interference Alignment Under a Gauss Markov Channel (2018)

We consider Interference Alignment (IA) under a Gauss-Markov time varying channel and give an exact expression for the Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) of the Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) of a link at time t in terms of the long term path gains. We also give a simpler approximate expression for the CCDF of SINR in terms of the total interference power. Using these, we derive an expression for the expected rate at time t and the average system throughput for a given choice of data phase duration. We show how these expressions allow us to choose the data phase duration that maximizes the sum throughput of the network.
DICTIONARY OF THE ECONOMIC PRODUCTS OF INDIA pages 381 to 396 (2014)

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Substance P and Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide Mediate Pain in Chronic Pancreatitis and Their Expression is Driven by Nerve Growth Factor (2015)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P mediate pancreatic hyperalgesia in chronic pancreatitis and nerve growth factor in turn sustains the up-regulation of these neuropeptides in pancreatic sensory neurons.
A6257 Inflammatory cell populations in a mouse model of cardiorenal syndrome (2018)

Objectives: Renal dysfunction frequently coexists with heart disease, manifesting in a condition called cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). CRS results in accelerated failure of the heart and kidney via a complex combination of hemodynamic, neurohormonal, immunological and biochemical feedback pathways. Preliminary evidence suggests that inflammatory cells such as monocytes and macrophages may contribute to the pathogenesis of CRS. However, animal models of CRS remain limited and the roles of specific inflammatory cell subsets in CRS remains unclear. Here, we describe the establishment of a mouse model of CRS. Methods: Three-week-old C57BL6 mice were subjected to sham uninephrectomy and normal-salt (SHAM/NS) diet or left uninephrectomy and high-salt (UNIX/HS) diet. After 4, 6 or 8 weeks, urine was collected for salt and protein analyses. The heart and kidney were collected for histochemical staining and analyses of inflammatory cell distribution by flow cytometry. Results: UNIX/HS mice had a higher kidney/body weight ratio and higher water intake. As early as 4 weeks post-surgery, UNIX/HS mice had lower urine creatinine levels and higher proteinuria than SHAM/NS mice. These results suggest the development of kidney dysfunction. Histological analysis revealed increased fibrosis in the heart and kidney at 8 weeks after UNIX/HS. Using flow cytometry, we characterized changes in the inflammatory cell populations in the heart, kidney, blood and hematopoietic organs that occur as CRS progresses. A trend towards increased monocyte and neutrophil numbers in the heart and kidney was observed as early as 6 weeks after UNIX/HS. Conclusion: Therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory signaling pathways and modulating specific inflammatory cell populations may reduce organ damage and improve prognosis in patients with CRS.
<title>Fabrication of LiNbO<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula> single-crystal fiber array for wideband antenna signal processing</title> (1997)

Wideband optical signal processing for adaptive antennas calls for a high-performance spatial light amplifier (SLA). The latter can be implemented as an upgrade of micro-channel SLA by replacing bulk crystal with a single-crystal fiber array (SCFA). This paper is focused on SCFA fabrication. The design process from specifying SCFA parameters to selecting fabrication technique (dice-and-fill or laser-heated pedestal growth) is reviewed. The results achieved with the dice-and- fill method are presented.
Low-cost, Deterministic Quasi-periodic Photonic Structures for light trapping in thin film silicon solar cells (2009)

Light trapping has been an important issue for thin film silicon solar cells because of the low absorption coefficient in the near infrared range. In this paper, we present a photonic structure which combines anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) and a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) in the backside of thin film silicon. Simulation results show that this quasi-periodic AAO structure has a stronger light trapping effect than perfectly periodic diffractive gratings. As a proof of concept, we incorporated the backside structure into thick silicon PV cells. By comparing the measured photoconductance of silicon with different backside structures, the enhancement of light absorption near the band edge of silicon is demonstrated for our proposed light trapping structure.
Electrochemical pH-Stat for Microliter Fluid Specimens (2006)

pH-stating is a widely used technique for monitoring various (bio)chemical reactions involving generation or consumption of hydrogen/hydroxide ions. In this work a reagentless pH-stat has been developed where acid or base are generated by water electrolysis. Since the current that generates the reagents can be precisely measured even at low levels, very small sample volumes, in the 10-20 μL range, become accessible for pH-stating: a reduction of several orders of magnitude in specimen size. With proper current control the scheme may be calibration free by virtue of Faraday's law. Simplicity of reagent delivery and miniaturization of the accessible sample size render this approach advantageous with respect to conventional pH-stats, especially in the biomedical area. The electrochemical micro pH-stat is a derivative of the Rotating Sample System that has been conceived for a number of applications in very small samples.
On the optimization of mobile terminal antenna isolation using the genetic algorithm technique (2007)

In this paper the optimization of the antenna isolation using the genetic algorithm (GA) technique is discussed. The goal is to find a suitable fitness function for measuring both the impedance matching and the isolation levels of two mobile terminal antennas. Three different approaches for measuring the isolation are tested and compared. In the first two a direct condition to the level of the isolation is set, when the effects of the matching levels of the antennas are included or excluded in the detected isolation. In the third approach a 'penalty' condition is included in the antenna impedance matching condition for operating at the frequency band of the other antenna. The approaches are tested statistically by optimizing a planar antenna pattern on top of a metal-coated printed wiring board. The area for the antenna pattern is equipped with two fixed feed pins and the short pins are left for the GA to optimize. The test results show that it is possible to design antenna patterns with at least 6 dB return loss and 10 dB isolation using any of the three approaches. However, with the selected GA parameters the first approach is considered to be the most reliable one. (6 pages)
Additional file 15: of Tankyrase inhibition impairs directional migration and invasion of lung cancer cells by affecting microtubule dynamics and polarity signals (2016)

Raw data for Fig.Â 5 . (XLSX 47 kb)
An Equivalent Circuit Model of PMUTs with Clamped and Simply-Supported Plates (2022)

Transducer development depends upon analytical equivalent-circuit models for device analysis and simulation. While mature models of bulk piezoelectric transducers exist, models of piezoelectric bending-plate transducers like PMUTs (piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers) are still evolving to meet the needs of advancing piezoelectric MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technology. This work builds upon existing PMUT models by deriving equivalent circuit model parameters for a general plate-velocity profile. This derivation applies energy conservation starting from the e-parameter form of the piezoelectric constitutive equations and a two-port description of the PMUT. Assuming a thin plate, circular symmetry, and a thin electrode for the PMUT reduces the nine constitutive equations to three and yields an expression for the transducer's total energy in terms of deflection, charge, and voltage. Applying the Jacobian matrix to this energy expression and equating it to the Z-parameters of the conventional PMUT equivalent circuit yields expressions for the transducer's equivalent circuit parameters. FEM (finite-element model) simulations of a 200-kHz PMUT design verify the model for clamped and simply supported plates. Furthermore, they show that the simply supported transducer outperforms the clamped-plate transducer.