gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Avalanche-Mode Superjunction LED (2017)

Avalanche-mode light-emitting diodes (AMLEDs) in silicon (Si) are potential light sources to enable monolithic optical links in standard CMOS technology, due to the large overlap of their electroluminescent (EL) spectra with the responsivity of Si photodiodes. These EL spectra depend on the reverse electric field. We present AMLEDs employing the superjunction (SJ) assisted reduced surface-field (RESURF) effect, which increases the uniformity of their electric field profile. Consequently, the EL area of these lateral devices is significantly enlarged as compared with conventional AMLEDs. Electrical and optical measurements demonstrate RESURF, as predicted by TCAD simulations, and show a direct link between EL-intensity (optical power per unit device area) and the field profile. Contrary to a conventional AMLED, the breakdown voltage of the avalanche-mode SJ-LED scales with the device length. Furthermore, the brightest SJ-LED, with a lateral intensity of ~30 mW cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> at an electrical power (PAMLED) of 0.1 W, shows a twofold higher internal quantum efficiency and a threefold higher EL-intensity compared with the conventional AMLED for the same PAMLED. This particular SJ-LED also shows an optimum radiative recombination efficiency at a current density of around ~800 A cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> .
Inertial microfluidics for flow cytometry (2010)

Inertial components of the Navier-Stokes equations are usually not considered in microfluidic flows but have recently been shown to be of great practical use for continuous manipulation of particles and cells. After introducing the physical basis of the counter-intuitive self focusing of particles in a single inlet flow, I will discuss our current best focusing systems, and I will present results on using inertial focusing to create an extreme throughput flow cytometer for blood analysis. This system is an imaging cytometer implementation that can image 1 million focused blood cells per second, with the capability to increase to 20 million cells per second with appropriate wide-field of view imaging systems. The microfluidic device consists of 256 parallel high-aspect ratio microchannels in each of which two streams of focused cells assemble. These cells also form regular trains in the direction of flow such that cell coincidence is a rare occurrence, far below Poisson statistics suggest. Controlled inertially focused streams of particles are poised to provide next-generation filter-less filters and simplified flow cytometry instruments which ultimately may aid in water treatment environmental cleanup and cost-effective medical diagnostics.
Supplementary Video 1 from Cell Surface Delivery of TRAIL Strongly Augments the Tumoricidal Activity of T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;AVI file - 9112KB&lt;/p&gt;
Long-lived charge carrier generation in ordered films of a covalent perylenediimide–diketopyrrolopyrrole–perylenediimide molecule (2014)

The photophysics of a covalently linked perylenediimide-diketopyrrolopyrrole-perylenediimide acceptor-donor-acceptor molecule (PDI-DPP-PDI, <b>1</b>) were investigated and found to be markedly different in solution <i>versus</i> in unannealed and solvent annealed films. Photoexcitation of <b>1</b> in toluene results in quantitative charge separation in <i>τ</i> = 3.1 ± 0.2 ps, with charge recombination in <i>τ</i> = 340 ± 10 ps, while in unannealed/disordered films of <b>1</b>, charge separation occurs in <i>τ</i> < 250 fs, while charge recombination displays a multiexponential decay in ∼6 ns. The absence of long-lived, charge separation in the disordered film suggests that few free charge carriers are generated. In contrast, upon CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> vapor annealing films of <b>1</b>, grazing-incidence X-ray scattering shows that the molecules form a more ordered structure. Photoexcitation of the ordered films results in initial formation of a spin-correlated radical ion pair (electron-hole pair) as indicated by magnetic field effects on the formation of free charge carriers which live for ∼4 μs. This result has significant implications for the design of organic solar cells based on covalent donor-acceptor systems and shows that long-lived, charge-separated states can be achieved by controlling intramolecular charge separation dynamics in well-ordered systems.
Systematic method to optimize conditioning process through real time plasma monitoring (2005)

A systematic method to optimize conditioning processes is introduced. By using the plasma monitoring tools such as self-excited electron resonance spectroscopy (SEERS) and optical emission spectroscopy (OES), chamber conditions are analyzed in real time and a conditioning process appropriate to each chamber condition is determined quickly. Through this real time analysis and rapid action, total time to optimize the conditioning process is significantly reduced
Expression of the paired-box genesPax-1 andPax-9 in limb skeleton development (1999)

Vertebrate Pax genes encode a family of transcription factors that play important roles in embryonic patterning and morphogenesis. Two closely related Pax genes, Pax-1 and Pax-9, are associated with early axial and limb skeleton development. To investigate the role of these genes in cartilage formation we have examined the expression profiles of Pax-1 and Pax-9 in developing chick limb mesenchyme in vivo and in vitro. Both transcripts are detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Northern blotting throughout chick limb development, from the early bud stages (Hamburger-Hamilton 20-23) to fully patterned appendages (stage 30). Whole-mount in situ hybridization reveals complex, nonoverlapping expression domains of these two genes. Pax-1 transcripts first appear at the anterior proximal margin of the limb buds, while Pax-9 is expressed more distally at what will be the junction of the autopod and the zeugopod. In situ hybridization to serial sections of the girdles reveals that in the pectoral region Pax-1 is expressed proximally in condensed mesenchyme surrounding the junction of the developing scapula, humerus, and coracoid. In the pelvis, Pax-1 is expressed between the femur and the developing acetabulum and along the ventral edge of the ischium; this transcript was also found in the distal hindlimb along the posterior edge of the fibula. Pax-9 transcripts were not detected in the pectoral girdle at any stage, and only weakly in the pelvis along the ventral ischial margin. In the distal parts of both wings and legs, however, Pax-9 is strongly expressed between the anterior embryonic cartilages (e.g., distal radius or tibia) and the anterior ectodermal ridge. The expression of both genes was strongest in undifferentiated cells of precartilage condensations or at the margins of differentiated cartilages, and was absent from cartilage itself. In micromass cultures of chondrifying limb bud mesenchyme expression of Pax-1 and Pax-9 is maintained for up to 3 days in vitro, most strongly at the end of the culture period during chondrogenic differentiation. As seen in vivo, transcripts are found in loose mesenchyme cells at the outer margins of developing cartilage nodules, and are absent from differentiated chondrocytes at the nodule center. Taken together, these investigations extend previous studies of Pax-1 and Pax-9 expression in embryonic limb development while validating limb bud mesenchyme culture as an accessible experimental system for the study of Pax gene function and regulation. Our in vivo and in vitro observations are discussed with reference to 1) the relationship between somitic and limb expression of these two Pax genes, 2) what regulates this expression in different regions of the embryo, and 3) the putative cellular functions of Pax-1 and Pax-9 in embryonic skeletogenesis.
Evaluations of ZnO based &#x03B1;-ray imager (2010)

In the present paper, we describe the development of an α-ray imaging detector based on a ZnO single crystalline scintillator and a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT). The ZnO crystal was grown by the hydrothermal synthesis method with 2-inch-φ in diameter. The ZnO specimen was polished out to be 0.5 mm in thickness. After optically coupling with PSPMT, the crystal was irradiated with <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">241</sup> Am α-ray for evaluation of both spatial resolution and pulse height spectrum. Using the charge center of the gravity method, two-dimensional α-ray images were successfully obtained. The efficiency of the energy window in terms of imaging quality was also examined.
Functional Evaluation of the Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement (2004)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the function of the ankle joint during walking before and after Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement (STAR). Nine patients (six males and three females) with an average age of 65 years, scheduled for unilateral total ankle replacement for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, were evaluated both preoperatively and postoperatively in a gait analysis laboratory. Arthroplasty patients showed reduced range of motion at the ankle compared to normal controls. Postoperative arthroplasty subjects had significantly improved external ankle dorsiflexion moment, the moment that affects the plantarflexor muscles, when compared to their preoperative status. The moment in arthroplasty patients was increased, indicating improved function of the ankle joint.
Discrete Contact Problems with Friction: A Stress-Based Approach (2006)

Many three-dimensional contact problems with friction between linearly elastic bodies and rigid supports can be successfully modelled by using Signorini’s law of unilateral contact and generalized Coulomb’s law of anisotropic friction. The discrete stress-based static formulation of such a class of nonlinear problems leads to quasi-variational inequalities, whose unknowns, after condensation on the initial contact area, are the normal and tangential contact forces. In this paper a block-relaxation solution algorithm of these inequalities is studied, at the typical step of which two subproblems are solved one after the other. The former is a problem of friction with given normal forces, the latter is a problem of unilateral contact with prescribed tangential forces. For friction coeffcient values smaller than an explicitly-computable limit value, every step of the iteration is shown to be a contraction. The contraction principle is used to establish the well-posedness of the discrete formulation, to prove the convergence of the algorithm, and to obtain an estimate of the convergence rate. An example shows the sub-optimality of the obtained limit value of the friction coefficient.
Glutamate Dehydrogenase Is Not Essential for Glutamate Formation by Corynebacterium glutamicum (1993)

Two Corynebacterium glutamicum strains, one being glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) negative and the other possessing 11-fold-higher specific GDH activity than the parental wild type, were constructed and used to analyze the role of GDH in C. glutamicum. The results indicate (i) that GDH is dispensable for glutamate synthesis required for growth and (ii) that although a high level of GDH increases the intracellular glutamate pool, the level of GDH has no influence on glutamate secretion.
Supplementary Table 11 from Use of Angiotensin System Inhibitors Is Associated with Immune Activation and Longer Survival in Nonmetastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Complete results for GSEA analysis on GO, BIOCARTA, KEGG, PID, and REACTOME curated gene sets on canonical pathways.&lt;/p&gt;
Duality of Mechanism in the Tetramethylfluoroformamidinium Hexafluorophosphate-Mediated Synthesis ofN-Benzyloxycarbonylamino Acid Fluorides (2001)

In the tetramethylfluoroformamidinium-hexafluorophosphate mediated fluorination of Z-amino acids the occurrence of at least two concurrent pathways has been observed: the direct conversion of the activated intermediate into the product and the intramolecular cyclization to the corresponding oxazolone followed by fluoride nucleophilic ring opening. The contribution of the second process strongly depends on the nature of the amino acid, being absent in the natural amino acids while in the alpha-alkyl-alpha-methyl derivatives it parallels the steric bulkiness of the alkyl substituent (Me<i-Pr<t-Bu). The formation of the oxazolone with subsequent slow ring opening appears the main cause of the decreased reactivity towards fluorination of the alpha-alpha-disubstituted amino acids. Addition of “HF” species to the reaction mixture considerably accelerates the oxazolone ring opening process and therefore the formation of the alpha-alpha-disubstituted acyl fluorides
Perceptual color and spatial texture features for segmentation (2003)

We develop spatially adaptive, low-level, color and spatial texture features based on perceptual principles about the processing of texture and color information. We then propose an algorithm that combines these features to obtain image segmentations that convey semantic information that can be used for content-based retrieval. Our focus is images of natural scenes. The color texture features are based on the estimation of spatially adaptive dominant colors, which on one hand, reflect the fact that the human visual system cannot simultaneously perceive a large number of colors, and on the other, the fact that image colors are spatially varying. The spatially adaptive dominant colors are obtained using a previously developed adaptive clustering algorithm for color segmentation. The spatial texture features are based on a steerable filter decomposition, which offers an efficient and flexible approximation of early processing in the human visual system. We use the local energy of the subband coefficients as a simple but effective characterization of spatial texture. A median filter is used to distinguish the energy due to region boundaries from the energy of the textures themselves. Texture feature estimation requires a finite neighborhood that limits spatial resolution, while color segmentation provides accurate and precise edge localization. By combining texture with color information, the proposed algorithm can obtain robust segmentations that are accurate and precise. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated in the domain of photographic images, including low resolution, degraded, and compressed images.
Rapid manufacturing facilitated customization (2008)

The current paper presents a novel method for the production of body-fitting customized seat profiles utilizing the following digital methods: three-dimensional laser scanning, reverse engineering and rapid manufacturing (RM). Seat profiles were manufactured in order to influence the comfort characteristics of an existing ejector seat manufactured by Martin Baker Aircraft Ltd. The seat, known as the Navy Aircrew Common Ejection Seat (NACES), was originally designed with a generic profile. This paper shows the replacement of this profile with shapes captured from fast jet pilots. Pressure mapping of occupied seats, has shown that the pressure distribution under the buttocks can be influenced using body-fitting design and thus comfort is directly affected. The paper discusses the relevance of RM with respect to mass customization and personalization and, in addition, recognizes RM as a next generation manufacturing system (NGMS) capable of satisfying increasingly diverse products and lower volume production. A generic customization process is reviewed to identify areas of technical difficulty and key issues in the cost-effective customization of products.
Necessity of technicians for computerized neuropsychological assessment devices in multiple sclerosis (2018)

In this MS sample, reliable and valid test results were obtained from computer-assisted cognitive testing without technician guidance.
Formation of polymeric (GeF2)n in the vapor phase over germanium fluoride (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of polymeric (GeF2)n in the vapor phase over germanium fluorideKiro F. Zmbov, J. W. Hastie, Robert H. Hauge, and John L. MargraveCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1968, 7, 3, 608–609Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50061a045RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (239 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Widespread Occurrence of Quinone Outside Inhibitor Fungicide-Resistant Isolates of Cercospora sojina, Causal Agent of Frogeye Leaf Spot of Soybean, in the United States (2018)

Isolates of Cercospora sojina, causal agent of frogeye leaf spot of soybean (Glycine max), were collected across Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, and Virginia and were evaluated for quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide resistance. Collection of these isolates from these 14 states occurred between 2010 and 2017. QoI fungicide-resistant C. sojina isolates were detected in all 14 states surveyed and represent a total of 240 counties or parishes. In 2017, these 240 counties and parishes represented approximately 13% of the harvested soybean hectares in the United States. In light of this widespread occurrence of QoI fungicide-resistant C. sojina isolates, management of frogeye leaf spot should focus on integrated management practices such as planting resistant soybean cultivars, rotating with nonhost crops, and tilling to speed up decomposition of infested soybean residue. When foliar fungicide application is warranted, fungicide products that contain active ingredients from chemistry classes other than the QoI class should be applied for frogeye leaf spot management.
Supplementary Table from Novel Calcium-Binding Ablating Mutations Induce Constitutive RET Activity and Drive Tumorigenesis (2023)

Supplementary Table from Novel Calcium-Binding Ablating Mutations Induce Constitutive RET Activity and Drive Tumorigenesis
Fabrication and characterization of novel antimicrobial thin film nano‐composite membranes based on copper nanoparticles (2018)

Abstract BACKGROUND Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are studied for the design of advanced nanocomposite membranes owing to their highly antimicrobial properties, specific catalytic and chemical activities, abundancy and low cost. In this work, thin film nanocomposite membranes (TFN) containing CuNPs in the polyamide (PA) layer were designed via a facile interfacial polymerization method. The nanoparticles were incorporated into an aqueous solution containing piperazine monomers which is poured on the top surface of the polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane followed by adding trimesoyl chloride to form a polymerized PA film. RESULTS The results show that the surface morphological structure investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images is subject to visible changes of surface morphology, with a rougher net‐like structure while analysis of the chemical structure using attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms that the introduction of CuNPs did not impede the structure of the PA layer. The effect of addition of inorganic functionalized nanomaterials on the overall membrane performance was significant. The water flux was greatly increased (twice the original water permeability), while maintaining high retention of Na 2 SO 4 , demonstrating good performance in the range of nanofiltration (NF). Furthermore, the TFN membranes exhibited a specific antibacterial effect, reducing the number of living bacteria ( Escherichia coli ) by 94.0%. CONCLUSION Inorganic functionalization using CuNPs in the aqueous phase strongly enhanced membrane performance and provided the membrane surface with antimicrobial properties. This study suggests a new approach to TFN membrane research for the design of NF membranes for water treatment. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
In Vivo Characterization of a Novel -Secretase Inhibitor SCH 697466 in Rodents and Investigation of Strategies for Managing Notch-Related Side Effects (2013)

Substantial evidence implicates β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is produced by the proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein by β- and γ-secretase suggesting that γ-secretase inhibition may provide therapeutic benefit for AD. Although many γ-secretase inhibitors have been shown to be potent at lowering Aβ, some have also been shown to have side effects following repeated administration. All of these side effects can be attributed to altered Notch signaling, another γ-secretase substrate. Here we describe the in vivo characterization of the novel γ-secretase inhibitor SCH 697466 in rodents. Although SCH 697466 was effective at lowering Aβ, Notch-related side effects in the intestine and thymus were observed following subchronic administration at doses that provided sustained and complete lowering of Aβ. However, additional studies revealed that both partial but sustained lowering of Aβand complete but less sustained lowering of Aβ were successful approaches for managing Notch-related side effects. Further, changes in several Notch-related biomarkers paralleled the side effect observations. Taken together, these studies demonstrated that, by carefully varying the extent and duration of Aβ lowering by γ-secretase inhibitors, it is possible to obtain robust and sustained lowering of Aβ without evidence of Notch-related side effects.
Rate-dependent variability in English and Japanese complex vowel F2 transitions (1986)

Are the effects of changes in speech rate on F2 transition slopes in languages with and without unitary diphthongs explicable in terms of general phonetic and physiological principles? Five American English diphthongs and four Japanese vowel sequences were recorded, spoken at three different tempos by eight and seven speakers, respectively. LPC spectra were computed at 10-ms intervals, and the resulting F2 contours were analyzed by a computer program designed to objectively define and measure steady-state and transitional portions of the vowel. Contrary to the claims of Gay [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 44, 1570–1573 (1968)], speech rate was found to significantly affect two measures of transition slope in English, with slope decreasing as speech rate increased. Individual diphthong populations in both languages displayed high correlations between a transition, slope and its F2 range, indicating that rate adjustment is not simply a matter of target undershoot at faster speeds. Japanese showed less rate-dependent variability, suggesting that temporal reorganization for different speech rates is affected by language-specific structures. [Work supported by NIH.]