gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coupling between metallic structure and phonon polaritons for sensing applications (2018)

The field of nanophotonics consists of interesting phenomena such as polaritons; quasi-particles that arise from lightmatter coupling. Some of the well-studied kinds of polaritons include surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs). Surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) technique is a popular application of SPPs where the limitation of low molecular absorption cross section in IR-spectroscopy can be overcome by the introduction of SPPs in this technique. Especially in sensing applications, resonant SEIRA uses resonant metal nanoantennas in order to increase the EM near-fields on the nanometer scale, increasing light-matter interaction and thus amplifying the measured signature of very small particles. Mode coupling between metallic resonant structures and phonon polaritons supported by polar dielectric materials (e.g., h-BN, AlN, and SiC) in the IR regime with resulting field enhancement and transparency windows exhibiting Fano-like line shape will be presented. Finite element analysis is implemented to characterize the individual modes, validated against theory, in order to identify and fully characterize the resulting coupled modes in the integrated structure. Coupled-mode theory analysis reveals the anti-crossing modal coupling behavior via extinction cross-section.
Performances of the PS/sup 2/ parallel storage and processing system for tomographic image visualization (2002)

We propose a new approach for developing parallel I/O- and compute-intensive applications. At a high level of abstraction, a macro data flow description describes how processing and disk access operations are combined. This high-level description (CAP) is precompiled into compilable and executable C++ source language. Parallel file system components specified by CAP are offered as reusable CAP operations. Low-level parallel file system components can, thanks to the CAP formalism, be combined with processing operations in order to yield efficient pipelined parallel I/O and compute intensive programs. The underlying parallel system is based on commodity components (PentiumPro processors, Fast Ethernet) and runs on top of WindowsNT. The CAP-based parallel program development approach is applied to the development of an I/O and processing intensive tomographic 3D image visualization application. Configurations range from a single PentiumPro I-disk system to a four PentiumPro 27-disk system. We show that performances scale well when increasing the number of processors and disks. With the largest configuration, the system is able to extract in parallel and project into the display space between three and four 512/spl times/512 images per second. The images may have any orientation and are extracted from a 100 MByte 3D tomographic image striped over the available set of disks.
Charged-particle multiplicities in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 0.9$$ s = 0.9 to 8 TeV (2017)

A detailed study of pseudorapidity densities and multiplicity distributions of primary charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions, at s = 0.9, 2.36, 2.76, 7 and 8 TeV, in the pseudorapidity range || < 2, was carried out using the ALICE detector. Measurements were obtained for three event classes: inelastic, non-single diffractive and events with at least one charged particle in the pseudorapidity interval || < 1. The use of an improved track-counting algorithm combined with ALICE's measurements of diffractive processes allows a higher precision compared to our previous publications. A KNO scaling study was performed in the pseudorapidity intervals || < 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5. The data are compared to other experimental results and to models as implemented in Monte Carlo event generators PHOJET and recent tunes of PYTHIA6, PYTHIA8 and EPOS. 10
Octopus-porphyrins: their assembly and oxygen-binding in aqueous medium (1993)

Amphiphilic tetraphenylporphyrins having four alkyl phosphocholine groups on each side of the ring plane (octopus-porphyrins) form fibrous aggregates in dilute aqueous solution; the vesicles, constituted by iron(II) derivative–1-dodecyl-2-methylimidazole (DMIm), have the ability to bind dioxygen reversibly in aqueous medium.
Polyimides Prepared from 4,4′-(2-Diphenylphosphinyl-1,4-Phenylenedioxy)Diphthalic Anhydride for Potential Space Applications (2003)

As part of an ongoing materials development activity to produce high performance polymers that are space environmentally stable, phosphine oxide containing polyimides were prepared by reacting a novel aromatic dianhydride, 4,4′-(2-diphenylphosphinyl-1,4-phenylenedioxy)diphthalic anhydride 3, with aromatic diamines. The dianhydride was prepared from 2,5-dihydroxyphenyldiphenylphosphine oxide in three steps in relatively good yield. In general, the polyimides exhibited physical and mechanical properties comparable to other wholly aromatic polyimides. Depending upon the diamine, nearly all of the polyimides formed near colorless to yellow films. The polyimides were amorphous and in most cases soluble in polar aprotic solvents. However, one polymer film prepared using 1,4-phenylenediamine exhibited some degree of ordering when prepared by chemical imidization. The chemistry, physical and mechanical properties of the polymers are discussed.
Scatter metrology of photovoltaic textured surfaces (2010)

In recent years it has become common practice to texture many of the layered surfaces making up photovoltaic cells in order to increase light absorption and efficiency. Profilometry has been used to characterize the texture, but this is not satisfactory for in-line production systems which move surfaces too fast for that measurement. Scatterometry has been used successfully to measure roughness for many years. Its advantages include low cost, non-contact measurement and insensitivity to vibration; however, it also has some limitations. This paper presents scatter measurements made on a number of photovoltaic samples using two different scatterometers. It becomes clear that in many cases the surface roughness exceeds the optical smoothness limit (required to calculate surface statistics from scatter), but it is also clear that scatter measurement is a fast, sensitive indicator of texture and can be used to monitor whether design specifications are being met. A third key point is that there is a lot of surface dependent information available in the angular variations of the measured scatter. When the surface is inspected by integrating the scatter signal (often called a "Haze" measurement) this information is lost.
General anesthesia reduces the information exchange between heart and circulation (2015)

The study demonstrates the ability of an information-theoretic measure, such as the transfer entropy (TE), in detecting the depression of the cardiac baroreflex control and circulatory-cardio mechanical feedforward link during propofol-induced general anesthesia. TE was computed from spontaneous variability of heart period (HP) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). TE from SAP to HP and from HP to SAP were evaluated by accounting for the confounding effect of respiration (R) affecting both HP and SAP (i.e. TESAP→HP|R and TEHP→SAP|R respectively). Both TESAP→HP|R and TEHP→SAP|R decreased during general anesthesia, thus suggesting that the strength of the causal relation diminished over both arms of the closed loop HP-SAP control. The squared coherence function between HP and SAP confirmed the decreased HP-SAP coupling during general anesthesia, even though it could not distinguish directionality.
Tautomerism and the Protonation/Deprotonation of Isocytosine in Liquid‐ and Solid‐States Studied by NMR Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculations (2011)

Abstract Isocytosine crystallizes as a 1:1 ratio of two tautomers in a manner similar to that of the guanine and cytosine pairs in DNA. The solid‐state NMR chemical shifts of crystalline neutral isocytosine, the sodium salt of isocytosine, and those of isocytosine hydrochloride were measured and related to the NMR parameters in aqueous and organic solutions. The experimental chemical shifts were compared with those calculated by three different methods: (1) calculations on isolated molecules, (2) calculations on isocytosine clusters of various sizes, and (3) infinite crystal calculations, that is, the gauge‐including projector‐augmented wave (GIPAW) method. The data obtained with the GIPAW method were in best agreement with the experimental data.
Key science drivers for MICHI: a mid-IR instrument concept for the TMT (2012)

A mid-infrared (MIR) imager and spectrometer is being investigated for possible construction in the early operation of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). Combined with the MIR adaptive optics (AO) system (MIRAO), the instrument will afford ~15 times higher sensitivity and ~4 times better spatial resolution (0.07”) at 10&mu;m compared to 8m-class telescopes. Additionally, through exploiting the large collection area of the TMT, the high-dispersion spectroscopy mode will be unrivaled by other ground- and space-based facilities. These combined capabilities offer the possibility for breakthrough science, as well as ‘workhorse’ observing modes of imaging and low/moderate spectral resolution. In this paper we summarize the primary science drivers that are guiding the instrument design.
Lack of systolic arterial stiffening in vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrom (2013)

Background: Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a rare vascular disease resulting from autosomic dominant mutation in COL3A1 encoding for type III collagen (col.III). Impaired mechanical properties of the arterial wall caused by col.III misfolding (arterial wall thinning and increase wall stress) could expose patients to premature arterial rupture at young age. In this study, we tested whether arterial stiffness could also be impaired in those patients and therefore play a potential role in the vEDS arterial vulnerability. Arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) is known to be very well correlated to arterial stiffness.We therefore used Sphygmocor to evaluate regional carotid-femoral PWV (cf PWV) and ultrasound Ultrafast imaging (UF) technique to evaluate the local carotid PWV. UF is a new non-invasive tool that can image tissues with high temporal resolution (up to 10,000 images/s) enabling assessment of the local carotid arterial stiffness variation during the cardiac cycle by measuring the local carotid PWV at early and end-systole. Methods: cf PWV by Sphygmocor and PWV of both carotid arteries by UF were performed on 30 patients with COL3A1 mutation and 102 healthy volunteers. 3 acquisitions of 1000 frames (1000 images/s frame rate) were performed on both common carotid arteries using a conventional linear ultrasonic probe (8MHz, 256 elements) connected to an ultrafast scanner (Aixplorer®). The arterial wall tissue velocities were computed off-line from which the two local carotid PWVs at early and end-systole were derived. cf PWV was acquired according to actual recommandations. Results are mean ± SD. Results: vEDS patients only differed from controls on age (35.5 vs. 45.0 y, p=0.03) and weight (55.8 vs. 69.8kg, p<0.0001) but not on sex ratio, systolic or diastolic blood pressures (BP), nor heart rate. The adjusted (age, sex, weight, BP) carotid PWV and cf PWV did not differ between patients and controls in early systole (6.1±1.7 vs. 5.2±1.9 m/s, p=0.07 for right carotid PWV; 5.4±1.4 vs. 4.8±1.2 m/s, p =0.94 for left carotid PWV; 7.6±1.7 vs 7.3±1.8 m/s, p=0.69 for cf PWV). However, the relative increase of carotid PWV between early and end-systole was significantly reduced in vEDS patients vs. controls (7.1% vs. 26.3% in right carotid (p=0.013) and 9.9% vs. 25.1% in left carotid (p=0.043)). Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated a weaker systolic increase of PWV in vEDS patients which could reflect a less adaptative arterial wall stiffening during the cardiac cycle. This may explain the higher susceptibility to arterial rupture in vEDS patients
Deep Unfolding for Non-Negative Matrix Factorization with Application to Mutational Signature Analysis (2022)

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a fundamental matrix decomposition technique that is used primarily for dimensionality reduction and is increasing in popularity in the biological domain. Although finding a unique NMF is generally not possible, there are various iterative algorithms for NMF optimization that converge to locally optimal solutions. Such techniques can also serve as a starting point for deep learning methods that unroll the algorithmic iterations into layers of a deep network. In this study, we develop unfolded deep networks for NMF and several regularized variants in both a supervised and an unsupervised setting. We apply our method to various mutation data sets to reconstruct their underlying mutational signatures and their exposures. We demonstrate the increased accuracy of our approach over standard formulations in analyzing simulated and real mutation data.
Shaped passive magnetic field shaping for roadway IPT (2016)

Shaping of the magnetic field between the primary and secondary coils of Inductive Power Transfer Systems is crucial for system performance and to keep leakage within emissions guidelines. This paper gives an overview of different methods used to shape the magnetic field, followed by work done by the authors looking into one of these methods for use in an electric vehicle charging application using in-ground ferrite-less coils. The proposed method uses a short-circuited loop of wire around the main primary coil to shape the magnetic field. The paper focuses on the geometry and distribution of this shorted loop so that the magnetic field can be enhanced in some areas such as between coils and minimised in other areas where people may be near the operating pads. The method is explored through simulation, showing that it can be a useful tool in designing a practical system.
Association of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Depression Polygenic Scores with Lithium Response: A Consortium for Lithium Genetics Study (2021)

Response to lithium varies widely between individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can uncover pharmacogenomics effects and may help predict drug response. Patients (<i>N</i> = 2,510) with BD were assessed for long-term lithium response in the Consortium on Lithium Genetics using the Retrospective Criteria of Long-Term Treatment Response in Research Subjects with Bipolar Disorder score. PRSs for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) were computed using <i>lassosum</i> and in a model including all three PRSs and other covariates, and the PRS of ADHD (β = -0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.24 to -0.03; <i>p</i> value = 0.010) and MDD (β = -0.16; 95% CI: -0.27 to -0.04; <i>p</i> value = 0.005) predicted worse quantitative lithium response. A higher SCZ PRS was associated with higher rates of medication nonadherence (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.34-1.93; <i>p</i> value = 2e-7). This study indicates that genetic risk for ADHD and depression may influence lithium treatment response. Interestingly, a higher SCZ PRS was associated with poor adherence, which can negatively impact treatment response. Incorporating genetic risk of ADHD, depression, and SCZ in combination with clinical risk may lead to better clinical care for patients with BD.
The varying frequencies of five DNA polymorphisms of X-linked coagulant factor IX in eight ethnic groups. (1991)

Five RFLPS of X-linked coagulation factor IX were evaluated in more than 500 normal persons (723-804 X chromosomes) of both sexes who belonged to eight ethnic groups: Anglo-Americans, Basques, Swedes, African-Americans, East Africans, East Indians, Chinese, and Malays. The polymorphisms, 5' to 3', were BamHI, XmnI, TaqI, MnlI, and HhaI. A PCR procedure was developed for three previously described RFLPs-XmnI, TaqI, and MnlI; a PCRP procedure was developed for BamHI, and a PCRP which had been described by others was used for HhaI. Europeans were the most polymorphic, African-Americans and East Africans were intermediate, and Orientals were the least polymorphic. Extragenic 3' HhaI was highly polymorphic in most groups, and extragenic 5' BamHI was polymorphic only in persons with African ancestry. Two major haplotypes predominated among 247 men, and the expected and observed heterozygosities were concordant among women. Allelic association was very strong between the three intragenic PCRPs; it was present but weak between 5' extragenic BamHI and XmnI. No association was found between 3' extragenic HhaI and MnlI.
Electro-Oxidation in Combination with Biological Processes for Removal of Persistent Pollutants in Wastewater: A Review (2021)

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and emerging pollutants (EP) are characterized by their difficulty to be removed through biological oxidation processes (BOPs); they persist in the environment and could have adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystem and human health. The electro-oxidation (EO) process has been successfully used as an alternative technique to oxidize many kinds of the aforementioned pollutants in wastewater. However, the EO process has been criticized for its high energy consumption cost and its potential generation of by-products. In order to decrease these drawbacks, its combination with biological oxidation processes has been reported as a solution to reduce costs and to reach high rates of recalcitrant pollutants removal from wastewaters. Thus, the location of EO in the treatment line is an important decision to make, since this decision affects the formation of by-products and biodegradability enhancement. This paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of EO as a pre and post-treatment in combination with BOPs. A perspective of the EO scale-up is also presented, where hydrodynamics and the relationship of A/V (area of the electrode/working volume of the electrochemical cell) experiments are examined and discussed.
Efficient and Rapid Machine Learning Algorithms for Big Data and Dynamic Varying Systems (2017)

With the exponential growth of data and complexity of systems, fast machine learning/artificial intelligence and computational intelligence techniques are highly required. Many conventional computational intelligence techniques face bottlenecks in learning (e.g., intensive human intervention and convergence time) [item 1) in the Appendix]. However, efficient learning algorithms alternatively offer significant benefits including fast learning speed, ease of implementation, and minimal human intervention. The need for efficient and fast implementation of machine learning techniques in big data and dynamic varying systems poses many research challenges. This special issue highlights some latest development in the related areas.
Removal of eDNA from fabrics using a novel laundry DNase revealed using high-resolution imaging (2021)

Washed textiles can remain malodorous and dingy due to the recalcitrance of soils. Recent work has found that 'invisible' soils such as microbial extracellular DNA (eDNA) play a key role in the adhesion of extracellular polymeric substances that form matrixes contributing to these undesirable characteristics. Here we report the application of an immunostaining method to illustrate the cleaning mechanism of a nuclease (DNase I) acting upon eDNA. Extending previous work that established a key role for eDNA in anchoring these soil matrixes, this work provides new insights into the presence and effective removal of eDNA deposited on fabrics using high-resolution in-situ imaging. Using a monoclonal antibody specific to Z-DNA, we showed that when fabrics are washed with DNase I, the incidence of microbial eDNA is reduced. As well as a quantitative reduction in microbial eDNA, the deep cleaning benefits of this enzyme are shown using confocal microscopy and imaging analysis of T-shirt fibers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the use of a molecular probe has been leveraged for fabric and homecare-related R&D to visualize eDNA and evaluate its removal from textiles by a new-to-laundry DNase enzyme. The approaches described in the current work also have scope for re-application to identify further cleaning technology.
A rapid technique to integrate micro-components on released MEMS dies using SU-8 (2020)

Abstract This technical note reports a rapid technique to post-process and assemble micro-components onto dies including released movable microstructures. The method is applied to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) chips that were fabricated using a commercial process, PolyMUMPs from MEMSCAP. It allows the assembly of a micro-polyhedron over released micromotors and ensures that the micromotors remain fully functional. The micro-polyhedrons are fabricated using laser ablation and are spin coated with a thin layer of SU-8, acting as a bonding layer. Then, they are bonded to chips that are placed on a 3D integration platform with a navigating mask, which protects the released structure during the subsequent assembly steps. The resulting micro-polyhedron-integrated-micromotors were tested and found to rotate similarly to devices without micro-polyhedrons, demonstrating that the developed procedure can be applied for post-release 3D integration of MEMS without significantly affecting the mechanical performance of the devices.
Role of nitric oxide and oxidative stress in baroreceptor dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure (2003)

Abnormalities of autonomic control of the cardiovascular system are seen in chronic heart failure (CHF) and confer a poor prognosis. Nitric oxide appears to be important in the regulation of baroreflex control in health and in disease states. The antioxidant vitamin C increases nitric oxide bioavailability in CHF. We evaluated the effects of vitamin C on baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) by sequence analysis in 100 CHF patients and 44 control subjects. Groups of 55 CHF patients and 22 controls were randomly allocated to receive a single intravenous injection of vitamin C (2 g) or placebo. In addition, 45 CHF patients were randomly allocated to receive a 4-week course of oral vitamin C (4 g/day) or placebo. An age-related reference range for BRS was developed in 22 healthy controls matched for age and gender to the CHF group. BRS was significantly impaired in the CHF group compared with age-matched older controls and young controls (6.9 +/- 3.1, 12.5 +/- 4.9 and 21.7 +/- 9.1 mmHg/ms respectively; P < 0.001 between groups). Intravenous vitamin C acutely improved BRS in CHF patients by 24% (by 1.8 +/- 4.1 mmHg/ms; P < 0.05), but not in controls. There was no improvement in BRS in CHF patients given chronic oral vitamin C. Thus acute intravenous, but not chronic oral, vitamin C improved BRS in CHF patients. There was no effect of intravenous vitamin C in healthy subjects, suggesting that the mechanism was either by free radical scavenging or due to central effects.
Performance and Reliability Impacts of Extended Epitaxial Defects on 4H-SiC Power Devices (2018)

This work explores the effects of extended epitaxial defects on 4H-SiC power devices. Advanced defect mapping techniques were used on large quantities of power device wafers, and data was aggregated to correlate device electrical characteristics to defect content. 1200 V class Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes and MOSFETs were examined in this manner; higher voltage 3.3 kV class devices were examined as well. 3C inclusions and triangular defects, as well as heavily decorated substrate scratches, were found to be device killing defects. Other defects were found to have negligible impacts on device yield, even in the case of extremely high threading dislocation content. Defect impacts on device reliability was explored on MOS-gate structures, as well as long-term device blocking tests on both MOSFETs and JBS diodes. Devices that passed on-wafer electrical parametric tests were found to operate reliably in these tests, regardless of defect content.