gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of first metatarsophalangeal angle on the gait features measured by an in-shoe motion sensor (2020)

For proper walking, metatarsophalangeal joints play a crucial role during gait. In this study, we specify characteristic features observed in the foot motion signals measured by an in-shoe motion sensor that are significantly affected by the first metatarsophalangeal angle (FMTPA). To validate these specified features, we conduct a classification test for high and low FMTPA subjects by using them. Fifty subjects (23 males and 27 females) participated in our study, and their FMTPAs were measured by digital photography. The subjects with FMTPA above and below 20 degrees were categorized as the high and low groups, respectively, on the basis of the FMTPA distribution in all subjects. The perspective features that have a level of significance of p <; 0.05 were specified by comparing the foot motion of the subjects in both groups. The two groups were classified by support vector machine learning. From the results, most significant differences are observed in the coronal plane during pre-swing. By applying the specified features as a predictor, 82.1% of strides are correctly classified in the leave-one-subject-out cross-validation test, which suggests the specified foot motion features intrinsically reflect the gait change induced by FMTPA.
Virtual MIMO in WiMAX relay system (2012)

This paper presents the BER performance analyses of a virtual MIMO half-duplex relay system on a WiMAX OFDMA network with Alamouti coding. For such a condition where multi-antenna relay is not an option, employing multiple single-antenna relays in the system would be an alternative to still benefit the diversity gain. The impact of increasing the number of relay nodes to the system performance is also investigated. Furthermore, the performance comparison of Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and Decode-and-Forward (DF) relaying strategies applied on the system is also presented.
SHErrLoc (2017)

We introduce a general way to locate programmer mistakes that are detected by static analyses. The program analysis is expressed in a general constraint language that is powerful enough to model type checking, information flow analysis, dataflow analysis, and points-to analysis. Mistakes in program analysis result in unsatisfiable constraints. Given an unsatisfiable system of constraints, both satisfiable and unsatisfiable constraints are analyzed to identify the program expressions most likely to be the cause of unsatisfiability. The likelihood of different error explanations is evaluated under the assumption that the programmer’s code is mostly correct, so the simplest explanations are chosen, following Bayesian principles. For analyses that rely on programmer-stated assumptions, the diagnosis also identifies assumptions likely to have been omitted. The new error diagnosis approach has been implemented as a tool called SHErrLoc, which is applied to three very different program analyses, such as type inference for a highly expressive type system implemented by the Glasgow Haskell Compiler—including type classes, Generalized Algebraic Data Types (GADTs), and type families. The effectiveness of the approach is evaluated using previously collected programs containing errors. The results show that when compared to existing compilers and other tools, SHErrLoc consistently identifies the location of programmer errors significantly more accurately, without any language-specific heuristics.
Automated detection of arterial wall boundaries based on correlation between adjacent receive scan lines for elasticity imaging (2015)

In our series of studies on the ultrasonic assessment of the regional elasticity of the arterial wall, the change in the thickness of the arterial wall caused by the heartbeat was measured by the ultrasonic phased-tracking method. In the measurement of elasticity, the boundaries of the anterior and posterior walls must be assigned in advance. Currently the boundaries are manually determined by the operator, which is time-consuming and results in observer variability. In this paper, we propose an automated method for the detection of arterial wall boundaries using multiscale dynamic programming, in which the cost function includes the correlation term between ultrasonic echoes in adjacent receive scan lines. The correlation term enables boundary detection that is more robust than conventional methods against noises. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated using a phantom and applied to the in vivo measurements of carotid arteries. The root mean square error between the results obtained by the proposed method and the manual assignment of the boundaries was significantly improved.
Adaptive spectrum sensing (2010)

A challenge met in realizing spectrum sensing for cognitive radio is how to identify occupied channels quickly, thus reducing the time required to identify unoccupied channels that can be utilized by the cognitive radio. The spectrum sensor makes a series of measurements and then utilizes those measurements to determine if the channel is occupied or not. An adaptive spectrum sensing scheme is proposed, which exploits the simple fact that for typical spectrum sensing systems the accumulation of channel statistics is a non-decreasing process. The adaptive sensing scheme is a variable-length decision procedure, having a hard limit on the maximum number of observations, and yielding the same performance as the optimal fixed-sample-size Neyman-Pearson detection. The behavior of the expected number of observations is investigated, and is compared with the sequential probability ratio tests.
PHONON-INDUCED ANISOTROPIC DISPERSION FORCES ON A METALLIC SUBSTRATE (2012)

Surfactant micelles (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride) adsorbed on Au(111) exhibit orientational order dictated by the gold crystal axes. To explain this phenomenon, we take into account the ionic contribution to the dielectric response of the metal. Since the motion of an ion inside the metallic lattice is restricted by its neighbors in an anisotropic way, the total dielectric response of the metal acquires directional dependence. A crystalline substrate is thus able to generate both torque and attraction on geometrically asymmetric objects. Numerical calculations show that the resulting anisotropic van der Waals force is indeed capable of orienting rod-like dielectric micelles on a Au(111) surface.
Retrosynthetic reaction prediction using neural sequence-to-sequence models (2017)

We describe a fully data driven model that learns to perform a retrosynthetic reaction prediction task, which is treated as a sequence-to-sequence mapping problem. The end-to-end trained model has an encoder-decoder architecture that consists of two recurrent neural networks, which has previously shown great success in solving other sequence-to-sequence prediction tasks such as machine translation. The model is trained on 50,000 experimental reaction examples from the United States patent literature, which span 10 broad reaction types that are commonly used by medicinal chemists. We find that our model performs comparably with a rule-based expert system baseline model, and also overcomes certain limitations associated with rule-based expert systems and with any machine learning approach that contains a rule-based expert system component. Our model provides an important first step towards solving the challenging problem of computational retrosynthetic analysis.
Augmenting TCR signal strength and ICOS costimulation results in metabolically fit and therapeutically potent human CAR Th17 cell therapy (2022)

ABSTRACT Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapy with IL-17 producing human T cells elicits potent antitumor activity in preclinical models. However, further refinement of this novel approach is needed to position it for clinical application. While activation signal strength differentially regulates IL-17 production by human CD4 + T cells, the degree to which TCR and co-stimulation signal strength impacts antitumor Th17 cell immunity remains poorly understood. We discovered that decreasing TCR/co-stimulation signal strength by incremental reduction of αCD3/co-stimulation beads in a Th17 culture progressively diminished their effector memory phenotype but enhanced their polyfunctionality. Additional investigation revealed that Th17 cells stimulated with αCD3/ICOS beads produced more IL-17A, IFNγ, IL-2 and IL-22 than those stimulated with αCD3/CD28 beads, regardless of signal strength. Th17 cells propagated with 30-fold fewer αCD3/ICOS beads (weak signal strength, 1 bead per 10 T cells) were less reliant on glucose for growth compared to those stimulated with the standard, strong signal strength (3 beads per T cell). Further metabolomic analysis revealed Th17 cells weakly simulated with αCD3/ICOS beads favored the central carbon pathway through increased gluconeogenesis for bioenergetics, marked by abundant intracellular phosphoenoylpyruvate (PEP). Importantly, Th17 cells weakly stimulated with αCD3/ICOS beads and redirected with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that recognizes mesothelin were more effective at clearing large human mesothelioma tumors when infused into mice than those manufactured using the standard FDA-approved protocols. Taken together, these data indicate Th17 ACT therapy can be improved by using fewer activation beads during T cell manufacturing, a finding that is both cost effective and directly translatable to patients.
Applications of SKY in Cancer Cytogenetics (2002)

Clinical and cancer cytogenetics is a rapidly evolving discipline. The past decade has seen a dramatic change in molecular biology and fluorescence microscopy. The use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technologies has enabled the rapid analysis of cytogenetic specimens as an adjunct to classical cytogenetic analysis. Spectral karyotyping (SKY) is a 24-color, multi-chromosomal painting assay that allows the visualization of all human chromosomes in one experiment. The ability for SKY analysis to detect equivocal or complex chromosomal rearrangements, as well as to identify the chromosomal origins of marker chromosomes and other extra-chromosomal structures, makes this a highly sensitive and valuable tool for identifying recurrent chromosomal aberrations. The SKY has been applied to various tumor groups including hematological malignancies, sarcomas, carcinomas and brain tumors, with the intent of identifying specific chromosomal abnormalities that may provide insight to the genes involved in the disease process as well as identifying recurrent cytogenetic markers for clinical diagnosis and prognostic assessment. The SKY has also been applied for the mouse genome, enabling investigators to extrapolate information from mouse models of cancer to their human counterparts. This review will address the advances that SKY has facilitated in the field of cancer cytogenetics, as well as its variety of application in the cancer research laboratories.
Chiral Fibers (2013)

Microforming optical fibers provides unique properties that are useful for: polarization control, harsh-environment sensing, dense multichannel coupling, spatial division-multiplexing and fiber amplification.
Zeosil Nanoslabs: Building Blocks innPr4N+-Mediated Synthesis of MFI Zeolite (2001)

Tetrapropylammonium (TPA)-containing precursors are the building blocks in the crystallization of silica. In the first steps slab-shaped silicalite nanoparticles are formed by ordered combination of the precursors. These nanoslabs have MFI-type zeolite framework topology and play a key role in TPA-ion-mediated zeolite crystallization from monomeric and polymeric silica sources.
New nearly constant loss feature detected in glass at low temperatures (2010)

At sufficiently low temperatures, disordered ionic materials display the well-known Nearly Constant Loss (NCL) effect, with ionic conductivities becoming approximately proportional to frequency and virtually independent of temperature. There is a broad consensus that the effect is a collective phenomenon, with many interacting ions participating, each of them performing some non-vibrational motion that remains strictly localised. The underlying many-particle dynamics have been analysed in Monte Carlo simulations and also by straightforward modelling. Both kinds of treatment predict that, with decreasing frequency, a frequency squared behaviour should become visible. Here, we report on the experimental detection of the squared to linear crossover in an NCL component of conductivity spectra of sodium borate glasses, xNa(2)O·(1 -x) B(2)O(3) with x = 0.05 and x = 0.1, at temperatures below 100 K. From the composition dependence of the effect it is obvious that it is caused by the sodium ions. We demonstrate that this behaviour corresponds to an almost trivial property of the mean square displacement of the confined, but locally mobile ions, which approaches a temperature-independent long-time value, reflecting the finite size of the accessible volume. In the log-log plot of measured conductivity versus frequency, the transition from slope two to slope one is rather gradual, reflecting the existence of different local neighbourhoods of the sodium ions.
Characterization of Antiestrogenic Activity of the Chinese Herb, Prunella vulgaris, Using In Vitro and In Vivo (Mouse Xenograft) Models1 (2020)

Prunella vulgaris (PV), a commonly used Chinese herb, also known as Self-heal, has a wide range of reported medicinal activities. By screening multiple herbs using the endometrial cancer cell line, ECC-1, and an alkaline phosphatase detection assay, we found that PV displayed significant antiestrogenic activity. We investigated the possible usefulness of antiestrogenic activity using both in vitro and in vivo models of endometrial function. Using the well-differentiated, hormone-responsive endometrial cell line, ECC-1, PV extract, at concentrations that were not toxic to the cells, significantly reduced alkaline phosphatase activity and cell proliferation in response to estrogen in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of CYR61, an estrogen-induced protein, was blocked in ECC-1 cells by both the antiestrogen ICI 182 780 and PV extract. Interestingly, PV extract did not appear to directly inhibit estrogen signaling. Rather, we found that its activities were probably related to an ability to function as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist in ECC-1 cells. In support of this hypothesis, we noted that PV induced CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and AHR repressor expression in a dose-dependent manner—responses that were blocked by small interfering RNA treatment to reduce AHR and specific AHR antagonists. Ovariectomized immunodeficient RAG-2/gamma(c) knockout mice implanted with human endometrial xenografts developed implants only when treated with estrogen. Mice treated with estrogen and PV tea in their drinking water had fewer and smaller xenograft implants compared with their estrogen-treated counterparts that drank only water (P < 0.05). Analysis of the resulting implants by immunohistochemistry demonstrated persistent estrogen receptor (ER), but reduced proliferation and CYR61 expression. Mouse uterine tissue weight in PV-treated mice was not different from controls, and cycle fecundity of intact C57 female mice was unaffected by PV tea treatment. PV, or Self-heal, exhibits significant antiestrogenic properties, both in vitro and in vivo. This activity is likely due to the ability of PV-activated AHR to interfere with estrogen. This herb may be useful as an adjunct for the treatment of estrogen-dependent processes like endometriosis and breast and uterine cancers. Full characterization of this herb will likely provide new insights into the crosstalk between AHR and ESR1, with potential for therapeutic applications in women.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2‐Naphthalenediol Diacetates by Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Reaction of 1,2‐Diazonaphthoquinones with Acetic Anhydride. (2012)

Abstract Conversion of quinone (VI) leads to the desired product (VII) in low yield and imidoyl acetate (VIII) is isolated as the major product.
New method for polarisation alignment of birefringent fibre with laser diode (1985)

A new simple technique for aligning the polarisation of a laser diode with the principal axis of a birefringent fibre is described. The angular error of alignment is restricted by the crosstalk of the fibre and the extinction ratio of the polariser, analyser used.
Dehydrogenation of Ethylbenzene in Presence of Carbon Dioxide Over Supported Fe2O3-Cr2O3 Mixed Oxides Catalysts (2014)

Dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene in the presence of carbon dioxide was investigated over a series of binary iron-chromium oxides (Fe2O3-Cr2O3) supported on alumina, silica and titania. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, IR and SEM. XRD and FT-IR characterization indicated that iron and chromium ions are dispersed into the support matrix. Compared to Fe-Cr-Si-30 and Fe-Cr-Ti-30 catalysts, Fe-Cr-Al-30 was found to be the most active (conversion = 57.2 %) and the most selective in styrene (94.1 %). The activity value was observed in the following order Fe-Cr-Al > Fe-Cr-Ti.> Fe-Cr-Si. SEM images indicated that there are no significant carbonaceous deposits on the spent Fe-Cr-Al-30 catalyst, whereas modifications of its morphological aspect were observed. The variation of Fe-Cr content in the Fe-Cr-Al catalysts showed that the activity depends strongly on the content. The optimal content determined was 50 wt-%.
Comparison of Chronic Biphasic Pacing versus Cathodal Pacing of the Right Ventricle on Left Ventricular Function in Sheep after Myocardial Infarction (2011)

When compared to cathodal pacing, myocardial biphasic pacing has no safety issues in sheep that have undergone a large myocardial infarction. Importantly, biphasic pulsing elicited significant benefits in cardiac performance.
Systolic Lattice Processing And Ultr.Af.Ast Pulse Shaping By Optical Coupled-Wave Device Arrays (1985)

We propose to implement systolic sampled-data lattice processors optically by means of linear integrated optics arrays of coupled-wave devices such as switched directional couplers and TE-TM mode converters, and indicate some potential signal processing applications such as discrete time and analog frequency filtering and optical pulse compression.
INVESTIGATION OF PROTRIPTYLINE PHOTOPRODUCTS WHICH CAUSE CELL MEMBRANE DISRUPTION (2008)

Abstract— Protriptyline (PTL; N-methyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-5-propylamine) hydrochloride is a skin photosensitizing agent in humans. The fluorescence and photochemical behavior of PTL varies with the solvent. In water, 40% ethanol and ethanol in the hydrochloride salt of PTL has a fluorescence quantum yield of 0.81. The fluorescence quantum yield of PTL free base in selected organic solvents is between 0.41 and 0.17; in ethanol it remains at 0.81. Photolysis of PTL in acidic aqueous solution yields at least five photoproducts which were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Three of these photoproducts lysed red blood cells. One of the photoproducts has been identified as a cyclobutyl photodimer of PTL based on its mass spectrum and UV absorption and its ability to undergo photore-versal with 254 nm irradiation. The others were not cyclobutyl dimers. The yield of lytic products decreased as the ethanol content was increased and were not formed from PTL free base in any solvent.
A new single gate MOS controlled thyristor with current saturation and large SOA (2002)

A novel single gate MOS controlled current saturation thyristor (MCST) device is proposed. In the on-state the MCST operates in thyristor-like mode at low anode voltage and enters the IGBT-like mode automatically with increasing anode voltage, offering a low on-state voltage drop and current saturation capability. The saturation current density of the MCST is strongly dependent on the on-set voltage or the p+ buffer/n-well junction, leading to its excellent safe operation area (SOA) and making it suitable for high power applications.
Synthesis of Generational Polyester Dendrimers Derived from Glycerol and Succinic or Adipic Acid (2005)

The divergent syntheses of dendrimers composed of glycerol and varying layers of succinic and adipic acids are described. These alternating and bilayer generational copolymers are prepared in high yield using sequential esterification and hydrogenolysis reactions. The glass transition temperatures and solubilities are dependent on the composition of the outer generation layer.
Scaling CSMA/CD to 1 Gb/s with frame bursting (2002)

In Gigabit Ethernet, the round-trip propagation delay can be much greater than the transmission time for a minimum length frame. The authors describe some changes to the Ethernet CSMA/CD medium access control algorithm that allow CSMA/CD to be used in this case. First, carrier extension is used to increase the slot time without requiring a corresponding increase in the minimum frame length. Second, frame bursting is introduced so that a host may transmit more than one frame without releasing control of the channel, in a manner that increases the efficiency for small frames without changing its one-frame-at-a-time service interface. Using simulation, they show that CSMA/CD with carrier extension and frame bursting operating on 1 Gb/s links provides a significant performance increase over 100 Mb/s fast Ethernet. These changes are being adopted by the IEEE 802.32 task force, which is currently defining the standard for Gigabit Ethernet.
No difference in survivorship after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with or without an intact anterior cruciate ligament (2012)

The successful short-term results of the ACLD group suggest ACL deficiency may not always be a contraindication to Oxford UKA as previously thought. Until long-term data is available, however, we maintain our recommendation that ACLD be considered a contraindication.
Real-time interactive color flow MRI (2002)

The imaging method described is a combination of magnetic resonance (MR) velocity measurement, fast scanning, and image reconstruction techniques previously developed. Real-time interactive color flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique that combines grey-scale automatic MR images with a color overlay which maps blood velocity information. Real-time color flow MRI enables velocity information from vascular structures to be displayed in color simultaneously with the standard grey-scale magnitude image of static structures. The continuous acquisition and reconstruction processes refresh the full display approximately every three seconds and allow the interactive modification of such parameters as field of view, slice orientation and position, and degree of flow encoding. The results of experimental studies indicate that the method is accurate, precise, reproducible, and absolute in the estimation of constant velocities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>