gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SINGULARITY COMPUTATION FOR ITERATIVE CONTROL OF NONLINEAR AFFINE SYSTEMS (2000)

ABSTRACT This paper considers a gradient type of iterative algorithm applied to the open loop control for nonlinear affine systems. The convergence of the algorithm relies on the control signal in each iteration be nonsingular. We present an algorithm for computing the singular control for a general class of nonlinear affine systems. Various nonlinear mechanical systems, including nonholonomic systems, are included as examples.
Supplementary Tables from Sodium Channel Subunit SCNN1B Suppresses Gastric Cancer Growth and Metastasis via GRP78 Degradation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1-S6&lt;/p&gt;
A 380-12V, 1kW, 1MHz Converter Using a Miniaturized Split-Phase, Fractional Turn Planar Transformer (2021)

High step-down, high output current converters are required in many common and emerging applications, including data center server power supplies, point-of-load converters, and electric vehicle charging. Miniaturization is desirable but challenging owing to the high step-down transformer ubiquitously used in these converters. In this work, a miniaturized split-phase half-turn transformer is demonstrated, which leverages the well-established parallelization benefit of employing multiple phases, as in a matrix transformer, with the dramatic reduction in copper loss associated with the relatively new Variable Inverter/Rectifier Transformer (VIRT) architecture. While these techniques have been described in earlier studies, their combination has not been well explored. A detailed design procedure is described and is used to develop a 97.7% peak efficiency and 97.1% full-load efficiency prototype having a transformer that is 12%–36% smaller than best-in-class designs in the literature at the same power level while also being more efficient. This work showcases the miniaturization benefit of employing multiphase, fractional-turn transformers in high step-down, high output current applications and provides comprehensive guidance to designers interested in applying and extending these techniques.
Studies of heterocyclic compounds. Part XVI. Mechanism of electrophilic substitution of 6a-thiathiophthens and related compounds: nitrosation with rearrangement (1974)

Nitrosation of 6a-thiathiophthens and related compounds occurs with rearrangement. 6a-Thiathiophthens, 1-oxa-6,6a-dithiapentalenes, and 1,6a-dithia-6-azapentalenes rearrange into 1-oxa-6,6a-dithia-2-azapentalenes, and 1,6-dioxa-6a-thiapentalenes into 1,6-dioxa-6a-thia-2-azapentalenes. 6a-Thiathiophthens react with nitrous acid with difficulty unless activated by strongly electron-releasing substituents. 2-t-Butyl-6a-thiathiophthen reacted at position 4 to give 3-formyl-5-t-butyl-1-oxa-6,6a-dithia-2-azapentalene in low yield. 2-Methylthio-5-t-butyl-and 2-dimethylamino-5-t-butyl-6a-thiathiophthen reacted readily at position 3 to give the methyl 3-dithiocarboxylate and the 3-NN-dimethylthiocarboxamide of 5-t-butyl-1-oxa-6,6a-dithia-2-azapentalene, respectively, selective desulphurisation of which afforded the corresponding S-methyl thioester and NN-dimethylcarboxamide. 5-Phenyl-, 5-t-butyl-, and 2,5-dimethyl-1-oxa-6,6a-dithiapentalene reacted smoothly at position 3 to give the corresponding 3-formyl(acetyl)-1-oxa-6,6a-dithia-2-azapentalenes. 6-Methyl-2-phenyl- and 6-methyl-2-t-butyl-1,6a-dithia-6-azapentalene also gave 3-formyl-1-oxa-6,6a-dithia-2-azapentalenes by hydrolysis in situ of the intermediate 3-methyliminomethyl-1-oxa-6,6a-dithia-2-azapentalenes. 1-Oxa-6,6a-dithiapentalenes and 1,6a-dithia-6-azapentalenes in which the reactive position 3(4) is blocked, reacted at position 3(4) with elimination of the formyl or methyliminomethyl group to yield 1-oxa-6,6a-dithia-2-azapentalenes. Nitrosation of 1,6-dioxa-6a-thiapentalene with nitrosyl hexafluorophosphate gave 3-formyl-1,6-dioxa-6a-thia-2-azapentalene, the first reported derivative of the 1,6-dioxa-6a-thia-2-azapentalene system. A mechanism is proposed to account for the various features of the electrophilic substitution of 6a-thiathiophthens and related hypervalent heterocyclic systems. It is proposed that reaction proceeds by way of stable 6π-electron monocyclic cations, such as 1,2-dithiolium and 1,2-oxathiolium.
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of the Partec CyFlow MiniPOC for Absolute and Relative CD4 T-Cell Enumeration (2015)

The CyFlow miniPOC showed high agreement with FACSCalibur and FACSCount CD4. The CyFlow miniPOC provides both reliable absolute CD4 counts and CD4 percentages even under the field conditions, and is suitable for monitoring HIV-infected patients in resource-limited settings.
Impact Attenuation and Efficiency Characteristics of a Flexible Wheelchair Handrim (2009)

Manual wheelchair users are at considerable risk for developing upper extremity overuse injuries. Novel ergonomic handrim designs hold promise to reduce physical demand on the wheelchair user. In this study, a flexible handrim design was evaluated to assess its effects on impact attenuation and the oxygen cost of propulsion. The flexible handrim was found to reduce the peak rate of loading by 10.2%, 9.5%, and 10.0% for low-, moderate-, and high-impact levels. Oxygen cost of propulsion was assessed through submaximal propulsion on a belt-driven treadmill using a population of wheelchair users. On average, the flexible handrim was found to reduce the oxygen cost of propulsion by 13% (p = .039). Use of the flexible handrim may help reduce the likelihood of developing secondary upper limb impairments related to impact loading or propulsion-induced fatigue.
Interaction between Impurity Ions and Alignment Polymer Layers Affecting the Image Sticking Effect on Liquid Crystal Displays (2011)

液晶ディスプレイに残像が発生すると画質が低下する．これは，液晶パネルを構成する液晶層に不純物イオンが存在すると，残留 DC 電圧を誘起するためとされている．そこで一層の高画質化のために，この残留 DC 電圧の発生原理を明確にすることは重要である．本研究では，配向膜を構成するポリイミド膜表面へのイオンの吸着およびポリイミド膜表面からの離脱のモデルに基づき実験結果を解析した．この結果，液晶パネルに直流オフセット電圧が印加されると，不純物であるイオンがポリイミド膜表面に吸着することにより残像が発生することを明らかにした．
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Combinatorial Technologies to Drug Discovery. Part 1. Background and Peptide Combinatorial Libraries (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Plumisclerin A, a Diterpene with a New Skeleton from the Soft Coral Plumigorgia terminosclera. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Directed assistance for ink-bleed reduction in old documents (2009)

Ink-bleed interference is a serious problem that affects the legibility of old documents. Ink-bleed can be reduced using pixel classification based on user-supplied markup that labels examples of ink-bleed, foreground-ink, and background. The main challenge is ensuring that the user's markup sufficiently captures the characteristics of the document. This is particularly troublesome for old documents that can exhibit significant change within the same page. In this paper, we address this markup problem using a “directed assistance” approach in which the user provides a small amount of initial markup. The image is then classified and regions with low classification confidence are grouped and displayed to the user for another round of markup. The key idea is to direct the user to where markup is needed. In addition, local markup can be weighted in the classification algorithm to produce better results.
ChemInform Abstract: Methyl (S,E)‐(‐)‐4‐(Phenylmethoxy)‐2‐pentenoate. A Synthetically Useful Enantiopure Building Block (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rules for computing symmetry, density, and stoichiometry in a quasi-unit-cell model of quasicrystals (2003)

The quasi-unit-cell picture describes the atomic structure of quasicrystals in terms of a single, repeating cluster that overlaps neighbors according to specific overlap rules. In this paper, we discuss the precise relationship between a general atomic decoration in the quasi-unit-cell picture of atomic decorations in the Penrose tiling and in related tiling pictures. Using these relations, we obtain a simple, practical method for determining the density, stoichiometry, and symmetry of a quasicrystal based on the atomic decoration of the quasi-unit-cell taking proper account of the sharing of atoms between clusters.
Allosteric and hyperekplexic mutant phenotypes investigated on an α 1 glycine receptor transmembrane structure (2015)

The glycine receptor (GlyR) is a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) mediating inhibitory transmission in the nervous system. Its transmembrane domain (TMD) is the target of allosteric modulators such as general anesthetics and ethanol and is a major locus for hyperekplexic congenital mutations altering the allosteric transitions of activation or desensitization. We previously showed that the TMD of the human α1GlyR could be fused to the extracellular domain of GLIC, a bacterial pLGIC, to form a functional chimera called Lily. Here, we overexpress Lily in Schneider 2 insect cells and solve its structure by X-ray crystallography at 3.5 Å resolution. The TMD of the α1GlyR adopts a closed-channel conformation involving a single ring of hydrophobic residues at the center of the pore. Electrophysiological recordings show that the phenotypes of key allosteric mutations of the α1GlyR, scattered all along the pore, are qualitatively preserved in this chimera, including those that confer decreased sensitivity to agonists, constitutive activity, decreased activation kinetics, or increased desensitization kinetics. Combined structural and functional data indicate a pore-opening mechanism for the α1GlyR, suggesting a structural explanation for the effect of some key hyperekplexic allosteric mutations. The first X-ray structure of the TMD of the α1GlyR solved here using GLIC as a scaffold paves the way for mechanistic investigation and design of allosteric modulators of a human receptor.
Emerging concepts in wildfire risk assessment and management (Publ.) (2015)

A quantitative measure of wildfire risk across a landscape - expected net change in value of resources and assets exposed to wildfire - was established nearly a decade ago. Assessments made using that measure have been completed at spatial extents ranging from an individual county to the continental United States. The science of wildfire risk assessment and management continues to build on the basic framework to develop new analysis techniques that address specific fire management problems. This paper reviews central concepts of the basic risk assessment framework and describes several emerging terms and concepts now under development. These new concepts include: 1) describing certain results of stochastic simulation systems as a wildfire event set, 2) defining a biophysical fireshed as the land area where fires can originate and eventually reach a designated point, line or area in a designated period of time, 3) defining a fireplain as the land area where fire originating from a designated point, line or polygon (or set thereof) can reach during a designated period of time, 4) an exceedance probability curve, which plots the magnitude of an event (or its effects) against the likelihood that magnitude will be exceeded during a designated period of time, and 5) an analysis of wildfire Risk Associated with an Ignition Location (RAIL analysis), which characterizes the wildfire risk where the risk originates rather than where it occurs.
Patellar maltracking is prevalent among patellofemoral pain subjects with patella alta: An upright, weightbearing MRI study (2012)

The purpose of this study is to determine if patellar maltracking is more prevalent among patellofemoral (PF) pain subjects with patella alta compared to subjects with normal patella height. We imaged 37 PF pain and 15 pain free subjects in an open-configuration magnetic resonance imaging scanner while they stood in a weightbearing posture. We measured patella height using the Caton-Deschamps, Blackburne-Peel, Insall-Salvati, Modified Insall-Salvati, and Patellotrochlear indices, and classified the subjects into patella alta and normal patella height groups. We measured patella tilt and bisect offset from oblique-axial plane images, and classified the subjects into maltracking and normal tracking groups. Patellar maltracking was more prevalent among PF pain subjects with patella alta compared to PF pain subjects with normal patella height (two-tailed Fisher's exact test, p<0.050). Using the Caton-Deschamps index, 67% (8/12) of PF pain subjects with patella alta were maltrackers, whereas only 16% (4/25) of PF pain subjects with normal patella height were maltrackers. Patellofemoral pain subjects classified as maltrackers displayed a greater patella height compared to the pain free and PF pain subjects classified as normal trackers (two-tailed unpaired t-tests with Bonferroni correction, p<0.017). This study adds to our understanding of PF pain in two ways-(1) we demonstrate that patellar maltracking is more prevalent in PF pain subjects with patella alta compared to subjects with normal patella height; and (2) we show greater patella height in PF pain subjects compared to pain free subjects using four indices commonly used in clinics.
High Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Using Graphene Net Electrode (2013)

An electrode using graphene oxide as a conductive additive exhibits high power and high energy density because graphene oxide has high dispersibility and forms conductive paths easily, compared with graphene and other carbon materials like acetylene black. Graphene oxide also shows the same effect as carbon coating when used as a conductive additive in a LiFePO 4 electrode. In this work the LiFePO 4 electrode using graphene oxide succeeds in exhibiting discharge capacities of 150 mAh/g at discharge rate of 170 mA/g (1 C). In addition, the LiFePO 4 electrode using graphene oxide enables a reduction in carbon materials, because GO exhibits the effect as a conductive additive even in small amounts and does not require carbon coating of LiFePO 4 . This leads to an increase in the capacity of electrode. Thus, graphene oxide is effective in providing a LiFePO 4 electrode having both high power and high energy density.
Identifying Entrainment in Task-Oriented Conversations (2023)

Human interlocutors adapt their behavior to each other in a conversation through entrainment. While entrainment has been found in long chit-chat conversations, much less research has been conducted on task-oriented dialogs. In this paper, we investigate short task-oriented Wizard-of-Oz conversations for acoustic-prosodic and lexical entrainment. We conduct significance tests that reveal changes in speech pitch and frequent words as important indicators of entrainment. Our findings will guide user-entraining dialog systems to improve the quality of conversations.
Collaborative Mixed Reality Visualization of an Archaeological Excavation (2005)

We present VITA (visual interaction tool for archaeology), an experimental collaborative mixed reality system for offsite visualization of an archaeological dig. Our system allows multiple users to visualize the dig site in a mixed reality environment in which tracked, see-through, head-worn displays are combined with a multi-user, multi-touch, projected table surface, a large screen display, and tracked hand-held displays. We focus on augmenting existing archaeological analysis methods with new ways to organize, visualize, and combine the standard 2D information available from an excavation (drawings, pictures, and notes) with textured, laser range-scanned 3D models of objects and the site itself. Users can combine speech, touch, and 3D hand gestures to interact multimodally with the environment. Preliminary user tests were conducted with archaeology researchers and students, and their feedback is presented here.
CaST: A Toolchain for Creating and Characterizing Realistic Wireless Network Emulation Scenarios (2022)

Large-scale wireless testbeds are being increasingly used in developing and evaluating new solutions for next generation wireless networks. Among others, high-fidelity FPGA-based emulation platforms have unique capabilities for faithfully modeling real-world wireless environments in real-time and at scale, while guaranteeing repeatability. However, the reliability of the solutions tested on emulation platforms heavily depends on the precision of the emulation process, which is often overlooked. To address this unmet need in wireless network emulator-based experiments, in this paper we present CaST, a Channel emulation generator and Sounder Toolchain for creating and characterizing realistic wireless network scenarios with high accuracy. CaST consists of (i) a framework for creating mobile wireless scenarios from ray-tracing models for FPGA-based emulation platforms, and (ii) a containerized Software Defined Radio-based channel sounder to precisely characterize the emulated channels. We demonstrate the use of CaST by designing, deploying and validating multi-path mobile scenarios on Colosseum, the world's largest wireless network emulator. Results show that CaST achieves &lt;= 20 ns accuracy in sounding Channel Impulse Response tap delays, and 0.5 dB accuracy in measuring tap gains.
A proliferative to invasive switch is mediated by srGAP1 downregulation through the activation of TGF-β2 signaling (2022)

Many breast cancer (BC) patients suffer from complications of metastatic disease. To form metastases, cancer cells must become migratory and coordinate both invasive and proliferative programs at distant organs. Here, we identify srGAP1 as a regulator of a proliferative-to-invasive switch in BC cells. High-resolution light-sheet microscopy demonstrates that BC cells can form actin-rich protrusions during extravasation. srGAP1<sup>low</sup> cells display a motile and invasive phenotype that facilitates their extravasation from blood vessels, as shown in zebrafish and mouse models, while attenuating tumor growth. Interestingly, a population of srGAP1<sup>low</sup> cells remain as solitary disseminated tumor cells in the lungs of mice bearing BC tumors. Overall, srGAP1<sup>low</sup> cells have increased Smad2 activation and TGF-β2 secretion, resulting in increased invasion and p27 levels to sustain quiescence. These findings identify srGAP1 as a mediator of a proliferative to invasive phenotypic switch in BC cells in vivo through a TGF-β2-mediated signaling axis.
Prediction of Friction Drive Limit of Metal V-Belt (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;When fluctuations in the speed of rotation of the drive pulley are transmitted to the driven pulley via the metal V-belt, the transmitted fluctuations become attenuated as friction force approaches a state of saturation. The research discussed in this paper focused on these fluctuations in the speed of rotation and developed an index for the slip state between the belt and the pulleys.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The drive and driven pulleys were regarded as a one-dimensional vibrating system connected by elastic bodies, and changes in the state matrix of the system were focused on. It was determined that when all of the eigenvalues in this state matrix become real numbers, slip speed between the belt and the pulleys increases sharply. A method was proposed of estimating this behavior of the eigenvalues from changes in the speed of rotation of the drive and driven pulleys, and indexing the current slip state.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Torque fluctuations reproducing the fluctuations produced by an engine were input to the drive pulley, and pulley thrust was gradually reduced in order to measure changes in slip speed. The friction drive limit found using the proposed method matched the point of increase in slip speed and the point of maximum power transmission efficiency as obtained from measurements, verifying the effectiveness of the method.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Using the proposed method, it is possible to predict the friction drive limit, a parameter that is strongly affected by individual differences between parts and age-related changes, and this will contribute significantly to the optimization of pulley thrust.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
白介素-1基因多态性与类风湿关节炎病情活动及骨代谢的相关性(英文) (2002)

目的 为了明确IL 1α和 β基因多态性是否是评估RA疾病活动性和骨过度转换的更有效的标志 ,明确IL 1基因多态性与RA优势基因 (motifgene)之间有无关联。方法 探测了 6 5名RA患者和 6 0名非风湿病对照者的IL 1等位基因分布。IL 1基因多态性分析采用PCR—RFLP方法 ,HLA—DR分型采用PCR—SSOP方法。Fisher’s检验及方差分析被用于基因频率和携带率及临床参数统计。结果 IL 1α的频率和携带率在RA病人和对照组之间无显著性差别。在女性RA病人中IL 1β纯合子等位基因 2的出现频率更高 ,在男性RA病人中等位基因 1的频率较高而等位基因 2的携带率较低。IL 1β等位基因 2携带率与CRP ,ESR ,关节痛和BMD呈正相关 ,与尿Udpd/Crea水平及Vit D3水平呈负相关。IL 1α等位基因 1与CRP呈负相关 ,与RF和关节肿胀有正相关。IL 1α等位基因 2的出现伴随较高的ESR ,HAQ ,Vit D3水平和较低的RF滴度 ,SJC和BMD。HLA DRB1RA优势等位基因和IL 1β等位基因 2的同时出现对RA的一些临床参数并没有影响。结论 RA与IL 1基因多态性有显著联系 ,特别是IL 1β等位基因 2与病情活动及骨密度增高直接相关。HLA DRB1RA优势等位基因和IL 1β等位基因 2的同时出现并不表示风湿疾病更严重。
Visual–Haptic Adaptation Is Determined by Relative Reliability (2010)

Accurate calibration of sensory estimators is critical for maintaining accurate estimates of the environment. Classically, it was assumed that sensory calibration occurs by one sense changing to become consistent with vision; this is visual dominance. Recently, it has been proposed that changes in estimators occur according to their relative reliabilities; this is the reliability-based model. We show that if cue combination occurs according to relative reliability, then reliability-based calibration assures minimum-variance sensory estimates over time. Recent studies are qualitatively consistent with the reliability-based model, but none have shown that the predictions are quantitatively accurate. We conducted an experiment in which the model could be assessed quantitatively. Subjects indicated whether visual, haptic, and visual-haptic planar surfaces appeared slanted positively or negatively from frontoparallel. In preadaptation, we determined the visual and haptic slants of perceived frontoparallel, and measured visual and haptic reliabilities. We varied visual reliability by adjusting the size of the viewable stimulus. Haptic reliability was fixed. During adaptation, subjects were exposed to visual-haptic surfaces with a discrepancy between the visual and haptic slants. After adaptation, we remeasured the visual and haptic slants of perceived frontoparallel. When vision was more reliable, haptics adapted to match vision. When vision was less reliable, vision adapted to match haptics. Most importantly, the ratio of visual and haptic adaptation was quantitatively predicted by relative reliability. The amount of adaptation of one sensory estimator relative to another depends strongly on the relative reliabilities of the two estimators.