gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bit-interleaved coded modulation for delay-constrained mobile communication channels (2002)

The role of the interleaver in a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) system is investigated. Square block interleavers and convolutional interleavers are compared to the random interleaver originally used by Zehavi (1992). It is shown that for short latencies (20 ms) the square block interleaver performs better than the random interleaver. However, when the side of the square block interleaver, /spl radic/N is a multiple of n, the coded bits are grouped in such a way that the diversity, and hence performance is reduced. For short delays, the convolutional interleaver outperforms both the random and square block interleaver as the vehicle speed varies from pedestrian to freeway speeds.
Marine Polyphenol Phlorotannins as a Natural Sleep Aid for Treatment of Insomnia: A Review of Sedative–Hypnotic Effects and Mechanism of Action (2022)

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder. Natural sleep aids are gaining worldwide popularity as alternatives to prescription drugs for improving sleep. Recently, numerous studies have investigated the sedative-hypnotic effects of the polyphenols of terrestrial plants. The hypnotic effects of marine polyphenols have also been studied in recent years. Phlorotannins are marine polyphenols that are found only in brown algae. Phlorotannins exert sedative-hypnotic effects via the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A-benzodiazepine receptor. In addition, the brown seaweed <i>Ecklonia cava</i> supplement containing phlorotannins has been approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety as a health-functional ingredient that helps improve sleep quality. Currently, it is meaningful to deal with the sedative-hypnotic effects of phlorotannins as natural sleep aids. The current review comprehensively presents the sedative-hypnotic effects in animal models and human clinical trials as well as their mechanism of action, extraction, purification, and safety.
Effect of Salt Composition on Clay Release in Berea Sandstones (1987)

Abstract The effect of salt composition of fluid injected into clay-bearing Berea sandstones on the water sensitivity phenomenon has been studied. Experiments were carried out with solutions of sodium and/or calcium ions which are the type of ions commonly found in formation environment. The fresh water flooding of sandstones previously exposed to sodium salt solutions results in the release of clay particles and a drastic reduction in the permeability. However, the permeability reduction is reduced when calcium ions are also present in the salt solution. Formation damage is virtually eliminated when the solution composition is adjusted to give calcium surface coverages of greater than a critical value of 75%. The effect of the fluid composition on the damage process is explained by the double-layer interactions between the surface of the clay particles and the pore walls.
Optimal Dynamic Power Management for Green Coordinated Multipoint Systems (2015)

The paper deals with dynamic energy management for smart-grid powered coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmissions. Aiming to minimize the expected energy transaction cost while guaranteeing the worst-case users' quality of service (QoS), an infinite-horizon optimization problem is formulated to obtain the optimal downlink transmit beamformers that are robust to channel uncertainties. Capitalizing on the virtual-queue based relaxation technique and the stochastic dual-subgradient method, an efficient online algorithm is developed in this context. Without a-priori knowledge of any statistics of the underlying random processes, it is rigorously established that the proposed algorithm is able to yield a feasible and asymptotically optimal solution.
Mutual Coupling and Multiple‐Input Multiple‐Output ( MIMO ) Communications (2021)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques have their origins in simple antenna diversity schemes that use multiple antennas to improve link performance and have been in use for many decades. The performance of a MIMO system that uses antenna arrays on transmit or receive side is influenced by mutual coupling. Mutual coupling influences the performance of MIMO systems in several ways: mutual coupling influences the element patterns at the transmit and receive arrays, mutual coupling affects transmit power due to impedance mismatches at the transmitter, and mutual coupling can reduce signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to noise mismatches at the receiver. The chapter explores the rich and deep theoretical implications of uniform distribution of multipath arrival angles. In a MIMO system, the fields radiated by the transmitter, along with external noise and interference, induce voltages terminals of the receiving array antenna elements. Mutual coupling affects SNR at an array receiver through active impedances at the array element ports.
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-1 null mutant mice develop renal lesions mimicking obstructive nephropathy (2002)

ADAMTS-1 appears necessary for normal kidney morphology and function. Moreover, the resemblance of the renal phenotype to human ureteropelvic junction obstruction may provide a clue to the pathogenesis of this common congenital disease.
Synthesis of Hand Clapping Sounds (2007)

We present two physics-based analysis, synthesis, and control systems for synthesizing hand clapping sounds. They both rely on the separation of the sound synthesis and event generation, and both are capable of producing individual hand-claps, or mimicking the asynchronous/synchronized applause of a group of clappers. The synthesis models consist of resonator filters, whose coefficients are derived from experimental measurements. The difference between these systems is mainly in the statistical event generation. While the first system allows an efficient parametric synthesis of large audiences, as well as flocking and synchronization by simple rules, the second one provides parametric extensions for synthesis of various clapping styles and enhanced control strategies. The synthesis and the control models of both systems are implemented as software running in real time at the audio sample rate, and they are available for download at at http://ccrma-www.stanford.edu/software/stk and http://www.acoustics.hut.fi/go/clapd
Glycine/Glycolic acid based copolymers (1994)

Abstract Glycine/glycolic acid based biodegradable copolymers have been prepared by ring‐opening homopolymerization of morpholine‐2,5‐dione, and ring‐opening copolymerization of morpholine‐2,5‐dione and glycolide. The homopolymerization of morpholine‐2,5‐dione was carried out in the melt at 200°C for 3 min using stannous octoate as an initiator, and continued at lower reaction temperatures (100–160°C) for 2–48 h. The highest yields (60%) and intrinsic viscosities ([η] = 0.50 dL/g; DMSO, 25°C) were obtained after 3 min reaction at 200°C and 17 h at 130°C using a molar ratio of monomer and initiator of 1000. The polymer prepared by homopolymerization of morpholine‐2,5‐dione was composed of alternating glycine and glycolic acid residues, and had a glass transition temperature of 67°C and a melting temperature of 199°C. Random copolymers of glycine and glycolic acid were synthesized by copolymerization of morpholine‐2,5‐dione and glycolide in the melt at 200°C, followed by 17 h reaction at 130°C using stannous octoate as an initiator. The morphology of the copolymers varied from semi‐crystalline to amorphous, depending on the mole fraction of glycolic acid residues incorporated. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Submicromolar, Selective G‐Quadruplex Ligands from One Pot: Thermodynamic and Structural Studies of Human Telomeric DNA Binding by Azacyanines (2008)

Bound to work: A molecular architecture with a shape that is slightly larger than a Watson–Crick base pair was investigated as a potential G-quadruplex ligand. Azacyanines, which possess this architecture, were found to bind on the end of the quadruplex stack (as shown in the figure) and to exhibit high selectivity over duplex binding. The chemical properties, ease of synthesis, and great potential for modification make the azacyanines and their analogues attractive for development as G-quadruplex ligands in drug development. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2008/z800234_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
From peptide to non-peptide: The design of LHRH antagonist mimetics (2006)

Fortuna Haviv, Wesley Dwight, Bradley Crawford, Rolf Swenson, Milan Bruncko, Michele Kaminski, Kaneyoshi Kato, Yoshihiro Sugiura, Lisa Frey, Gilbert Diaz, Gary Bammert, Eugene N. Bush, Leslie Besecke, Kurt Mohning, Jason Segreti, Mary Spangler, Craig Wegner, and Jonathan Greer Pharmaceutical Products Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064-3500, U.S.A.; Pharmaceutical Development Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Osaka Japan; and TAP Pharmaceutical Inc., Abbott Park, IL 60064-3500, U.S.A.
Multimodal Neural Language Models (2014)

This paper focuses on multimodal neural language models: models of natural language that can be conditional on other modalities Can perform image retrival from text, as well as generating text or text retrival given an image
Table S2 from Characterization of the Selective Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) Catalytic Inhibitor EOS200271/PF-06840003 Supports IDO1 as a Critical Resistance Mechanism to PD-(L)1 Blockade Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S2 shows a selectivity screen of PF-06840003 in in vitro pharmacological assays.&lt;/p&gt;
Single-mode 780 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with multi-leaf holey tructure (2007)

A single-mode oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with multi-leaf holey structure for fiber-optic applications is demonstrated. The optical confinement was done by a multi-leaf holey structure. The deep etched leaf holes were used to provide better mode confinement and suppression of higher order modes. Single fundamental mode continuous-wave output power of over 1.1 mW has been achieved in the 780 nm range, with a threshold current of approximately 0.9 mA. Side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) larger than 24 dB has been measured.
Network Working Group (2011)

Cryptographic protocols based on public key methods are based on certificates and large scale public key infrastructure (PKI) to support certificate management. The emerging field of Identity Based Encryption protocols allows to simplify the infrastructure requirements via a Private-key Generator (PKG) while providing the same flexibility. However one significant limitation of Identity Based Encryption methods is that the PKG can end up being a de-facto key escrow server with undesirable consequences. Another observed deficiency is a lack of mutual authentication of communicating parties. Here, Identity Based Authenticated Key Exchange (IBAKE) Protocol is specified which does not suffer from the key escrow problem and in addition provides mutual authentication and a perfect forward and backwards secrecy. Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Method and apparatus of highly linear optical modulation (2023)

In a new optical intensity modulator, a nonlinear change in refractive index is used to balance the nonlinearities in the optical transfer function in a way that leads to highly linear optical intensity modulation.
Surface plasmon resonance based imaging system and some of its multiple biosensing applications (2005)

Surface plasmon resonance is a sensitive method for detecting biomolecular interactions like DNA-DNA, protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. The principle of this system is to transform a biochemical signal into an optical signal. This method avoids the need of fluorescent labels because we are measuring precisely the local variation of the optical index caused by the biomolecular interaction. This system has been used for many applications including DNA-DNA, protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions and is efficient for every type of interaction if one of the two reagents can be bound to the gold film. After the optimisation of the interacting conditions, it enlightened the specificity of the interaction of the protein with a double strand target DNA. Results will be presented on the affinity of this protein with its target DNA (which are numerous) and on the relative functionality of mutated p53 proteins.
Matrix Product States for Dynamical Simulation of Infinite Chains (2009)

We propose a new method for computing the ground state properties and the time evolution of infinite chains based on a transverse contraction of the tensor network. The method does not require finite size extrapolation and avoids explicit truncation of the bond dimension along the evolution. By folding the network in the time direction prior to contraction, time-dependent expectation values and dynamic correlation functions can be computed after much longer evolution time than with any previous method. Moreover, the algorithm we propose can be used for the study of some noninvariant infinite chains, including impurity models.
New Tools for Maize Lethal Necrosis Virus in Africa: Cimmyt and Corteva Agriscience Collaborate on Plant Breeding Innovations (2019)

The high-tolerance maize lethal necrosis qualitative trait loci MLN QTL on chr 6L, identified by CIM-MYT, has been narrowed to a small region via positional cloning.Through this collaborative effort involving custom marker development and coordinated cycles of mating and high quality phenotyping, the MLN QTL has been narrowed over 100-fold.Analysis of recombinants continues to further narrow the interval.Full genome optical mapping, sequencing, and assembly is on-going and analysis will help define a genome editing strategy for CRISPR-edits to provide MLN tolerance in four CIMMYT elite parent lines, all of which show promising responses in early transformation testing.We will do controlled environment phenotyping to confirm phenotypes in edited materials.The whole genome sequence approach is now feasible and a valuable tool for exploring genetic diversity, especially for specific traits e.g.MLN and for informing important tropical and sub-Saharan diversity for future solutions.
Long-Term Reduction of Bacterial Adhesion on Polyurethane by an Ultra-Thin Surface Modifier (2022)

Indwelling urinary catheters are employed widely to relieve urinary retention in patients. A common side effect of the use of these catheters is the formation of urinary tract infections (UTIs), which can lead not only to severe medical complications, but even to death. A number of approaches have been used to attempt reduction in the rate of UTI development in catheterized patients, which include the application of antibiotics and modification of the device surface by coatings. Many of these coatings have not seen use on catheters in medical settings due to either the high cost of their implementation, their long-term stability, or their safety. In previous work, it has been established that the simple, stable, and easily applicable sterilization surface coating 2-(3-trichlorosilylpropyloxy)-ethyl hydroxide (MEG-OH) can be applied to polyurethane plastic, where it greatly reduces microbial fouling from a variety of species for a 1-day time period. In the present work, we establish that this coating is able to remain stable and provide a similarly large reduction in fouling against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> for time periods in an excess of 30 days. This non-specific coating functioned against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, providing a log 1.1 to log 1.9 reduction, depending on the species and day. This stability and continued efficacy greatly suggest that MEG-OH may be capable of providing a solution to the UTI issue which occurs with urinary catheters.
Evaluating the value of batteries in microgrid electricity systems using an improved Energy Systems Model (2014)

A high-resolution model allowing for the comparison of different energy storage technologies in a variety of realistic microgrid settings has been developed. The Energy Systems Model (ESM) is similar to the popular microgrid software HOMER, but improves upon the battery models used in that program. ESM adds several important aspects of battery modeling, including temperature effects, rate-based variable efficiency, and operational modeling of capacity fade and we demonstrate that addition of these factors can significantly alter optimal system design, levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), and other factors. ESM is then used to compare the Aqueous Hybrid Ion (AHI) battery chemistry to lead acid (PbA) batteries in standalone microgrids. The model suggests that AHI-based diesel generator/photovoltaic (PV)/battery systems are often more cost-effective than PbA-based systems by an average of around 10%, even though the capital cost of AHI technology is higher. The difference in LCOE is greatest in scenarios that have lower discount rates, increased PV utilization, higher temperature, and more expensive diesel fuel. AHI appears to be a better complement to solar PV, and scenarios that favor the use of solar PV (low PV prices, low discount rates, and high diesel prices) tend to improve the LCOE advantage of AHI. However, scenarios that do not require constant cycling of the batteries strongly favor PbA. AHI is not a drop-in replacement for PbA. To minimize LCOE, microgrids using AHI batteries should be designed and operated differently than PbA microgrids.
Ultralocality and slow contraction (2021)

We study the detailed process by which slow contraction smooths and flattens the universe using an improved numerical relativity code that accepts initial conditions with non-perturbative deviations from homogeneity and isotropy along two independent spatial directions. Contrary to common descriptions of the early universe, we find that the geometry first rapidly converges to an inhomogeneous, spatially-curved and anisotropic ultralocal state in which all spatial gradient contributions to the equations of motion decrease as an exponential in time to negligible values. This is followed by a second stage in which the geometry converges to a homogeneous, spatially flat and isotropic spacetime. In particular, the decay appears to follow the same history whether the entire spacetime or only parts of it are smoothed by the end of slow contraction. © 2021 The Author(s).
<title>Selective material ablation by the TEA CO2 laser</title> (1995)

This paper reports two topics in the material processing using TEA CO<SUB>2</SUB> lasers. We demonstrated selective ablation of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin layer on a quartz substrate by the second harmonic (SH) radiation of TEA CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser generated by AgGaSe<SUB>2</SUB> nonlinear crystal. Si-H bonds contained in a-Si:H strongly absorb the 5 micrometers SH radiation and resulted in the selective ablation of the a-Si:H layer. The successful ablation processing of ethylenetetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) copolymer by the 9.6 micrometers fundamental wavelength TEA CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser is also reported. Only ETFE thin film adhered to an aluminum substrate can be ablated by the TEA CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser.
Data from The MD Anderson Prostate Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Series (MDA PCa PDX) Captures the Molecular Landscape of Prostate Cancer and Facilitates Marker-driven Therapy Development (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Advances in prostate cancer lag behind other tumor types partly due to the paucity of models reflecting key milestones in prostate cancer progression. Therefore, we develop clinically relevant prostate cancer models.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Since 1996, we have generated clinically annotated patient-derived xenografts (PDXs; the MDA PCa PDX series) linked to specific phenotypes reflecting all aspects of clinical prostate cancer.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;We studied two cell line–derived xenografts and the first 80 PDXs derived from 47 human prostate cancer donors. Of these, 47 PDXs derived from 22 donors are working models and can be expanded either as cell lines (MDA PCa 2a and 2b) or PDXs. The histopathologic, genomic, and molecular characteristics (androgen receptor, ERG, and &lt;i&gt;PTEN&lt;/i&gt; loss) maintain fidelity with the human tumor and correlate with published findings. PDX growth response to mouse castration and targeted therapy illustrate their clinical utility. Comparative genomic hybridization and sequencing show significant differences in oncogenic pathways in pairs of PDXs derived from different areas of the same tumor. We also identified a recurrent focal deletion in an area that includes the speckle-type POZ protein-like (&lt;i&gt;SPOPL&lt;/i&gt;) gene in PDXs derived from seven human donors of 28 studied (25%). &lt;i&gt;SPOPL&lt;/i&gt; is a &lt;i&gt;SPOP&lt;/i&gt; paralog, and &lt;i&gt;SPOP&lt;/i&gt; mutations define a molecular subclass of prostate cancer. &lt;i&gt;SPOPL&lt;/i&gt;deletions are found in 7% of The Cancer Genome Atlas prostate cancers, which suggests that our cohort is a reliable platform for targeted drug development.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;The MDA PCa PDX series is a dynamic resource that captures the molecular landscape of prostate cancers progressing under novel treatments and enables optimization of prostate cancer–specific, marker-driven therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
MEN15658: a new promising anti-tumoral drug active on resistant tumor cells (2004)

We describe the identification of MEN15658, a molecule characterized by a promising cytotoxic effect against human tumor cell lines, including platinum- and anthracycline-resistant ovarian carcinoma. MEN15658 induces p53 accumulation, and activation of gadd-45, p21, c-fos and bcl-2 family genes in human ovarian carcinoma A2780 cell line. The compound causes a block in S phase of the cell cycle, inducing apoptotic cell death, thus suggesting an involvement of DNA damage in the MEN15658 effect on tumor cells. The anti-tumoral activity observed against the human ovarian carcinoma A2780 cell line xenotransplanted in nude mice makes this compound a new promising anti-tumoral drug.
New Developments in the Treatment of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (2007)

In the current decade, the prognosis of newborns with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, previously considered a uniformly fatal condition, has dramatically improved through refinement of rapidly evolving treatment strategies. These strategies include various modifications of staged surgical reconstruction, orthotopic heart transplantation, and hybrid palliation using ductal stenting and bilateral pulmonary artery banding. The variety of treatment approaches are based on different surgical philosophies, and each approach has its unique advantages and disadvantages. Nonetheless, multiple experienced centers have reported improved outcomes in each one of those modalities. The purpose of this review is to outline recent developments in the array of currently available management strategies for neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Because the vast majority of deaths in this patient population occur within the first months of life, the focus of the review will be evaluation of the impact of these management strategies on survival in the neonatal and infant periods.