gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binuclear Palladium Macrocycles Synthesized via the Weak-Link Approach (2001)

The “weak-link approach” to metallomacrocycle synthesis has been employed to synthesize a series of Pd(II) macrocycles in high yield. Although this approach has been used to construct several Rh(I) complexes with a variety of ligands, the generality of this methodology with respect to transition metals has not been demonstrated. When added to [Pd(NCCH3)4][BF4]2, the phosphinoalkyl ether or thioether ligands produce “condensed intermediates”, [(μ-(1,4-(PPh2CH2CH2X)2−Y)2Pd2)][BF4]4 (4, X = O, Y = 2,3,5,6-((CH3)4C6); 5, X = O, Y = C6H4; 6, X = S, Y = C6H4), containing strong P−Pd bonds and weaker O−Pd or S−Pd bonds. The weak bonds of these intermediates can be quantitatively broken through simple ligand substitution reactions to generate the macrocyclic structures [(μ-(1,4-(PPh2CH2CH2X)2−Y)2(Z)4Pd2)][BF4]n (7, X = O, Y = 2,3,5,6-((CH3)4C6), Z = CH3CN, n = 4; 8, X = O, Y = C6H4, Z = CH3CN, n = 4; 9, X = O, Y = 2,3,5,6-((CH3)4C6), Z = CN, n = 0; 10, X = O, Y = C6H4, Z = CN, n = 0; 11, X = S, Y = C6H4, Z = CN, n = 0), in quantitative yields. The extension of this approach to Pd(II) should provide new pathways for modifying the binding and catalytic capabilities of these complexes. Solid-state structures as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies are presented for compounds 6, 8, and 9.
Fungal pretreatment of lignocellulose by Phanerochaete chrysosporium to produce ethanol from rice straw (2009)

Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a wood-rot fungus that is capable of degrading lignin via its lignolytic system. In this study, an environmentally friendly fungal pretreatment process that produces less inhibitory substances than conventional methods was developed using P. chrysosporium and then evaluated by various analytical methods. To maximize the production of manganese peroxidase, which is the primary lignin-degrading enzyme, culture medium was optimized using response surface methodologies including the Plackett-Burman design and the Box-Behnken design. Fermentation of 100 g of rice straw feedstock containing 35.7 g of glucan (mainly in the form of cellulose) by cultivation with P. chrysosporium for 15 days in the media optimized by response surface methodology was resulted in a yield of 29.0 g of glucan that had an enzymatic digestibility of 64.9% of the theoretical maximum glucose yield. In addition, scanning electronic microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry revealed significant microstructural changes, fungal growth, and a reduction of the crystallinity index in the pretreated rice straw, respectively. When the fungal-pretreated rice straw was used as a substrate for ethanol production in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for 24 h, the ethanol concentration, production yield and the productivity were 9.49 g/L, 58.2% of the theoretical maximum, and 0.40 g/L/h, respectively. Based on these experimental data, if 100 g of rice straw are subjected to fungal pretreatment and SSF, 9.9 g of ethanol can be produced after 96 h, which is 62.7% of the theoretical maximum ethanol yield.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Hemolytic <i>E. coli</i> Promotes Colonic Tumorigenesis in Females (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends of Supplementary Figure S1-S4&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of extraction, pasteurization and cold storage on flavonoids and other secondary metabolites in fresh orange juice (2013)

The high peel oil content of FCJ/FCPJ resulted in higher PMF levels compared to PPJ and HSJ, while flavonoid glycosides, limonoids and alkaloids, which occur at high concentrations in the inner peel albedo, occurred at higher concentrations in PPJ.
Variational Bayesian multi-channel robust NMF for human-voice enhancement with a deformable and partially-occluded microphone array (2016)

This paper presents a human-voice enhancement method for a deformable and partially-occluded microphone array. Although microphone arrays distributed on the long bodies of hose-shaped rescue robots are crucial for finding victims under collapsed buildings, human voices captured by a microphone array are contaminated by non-stationary actuator and friction noise. Standard blind source separation methods cannot be used because the relative microphone positions change over time and some of them are occasionally shaded by rubble. To solve these problems, we develop a Bayesian model that separates multichannel amplitude spectrograms into sparse and low-rank components (human voice and noise) without using phase information, which depends on the array layout. The voice level at each microphone is estimated in a time-varying manner for reducing the influence of the shaded microphones. Experiments using a 3-m hose-shaped robot with eight microphones show that our method outperforms conventional methods by the signal-to-noise ratio of 2.7 dB.
Development of line-shaped optical system for green laser annealing used in the manufacture of low-temperature poly-Si thin-film transistors (2006)

We have developed a new optical system that transforms the circle profile beam generated with near-Gaussian intensity distribution by a pulse green laser (YAG2omega laser; second harmonics of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser) into a line-profile beam. For homogenization in the longitudinal direction, we employed a waveguide plate-type homogenizer. We successfully reduced interference fringes. In the width direction, the laser beam was focused up to the limited M2 value. This transformed beam has a uniform distribution to within 5% in the longitudinal direction, and it is approximately 100 mm long and 40 microm wide.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy: treatment with a metallic stent (1989)

We report a patient in whom an expandable metallic stent was inserted under radiologic guidance into the prostatic urethra to treat bladder outflow-tract obstruction due to benign prostatic hypertrophy. To our knowledge, this is the first description of radiologically guided placement of such a stent
Convolutional spiking neural network model for robust face detection (2004)

We propose a convolutional spiking neural network (CSNN) model with population coding for robust face detection. The basic structure of the network includes hierarchically alternating layers for feature detection and feature pooling. The proposed model implements hierarchical template matching by temporal integration of structured pulse packet. The packet signal represents some intermediate or complex visual feature (e.g., a pair of line segments, corners, eye, nose, etc.) that constitutes a face model. The output pulse of a feature pooling neuron represents some local feature (e.g., line segments). Introducing a population coding scheme in the CSNN architecture, we show how the biologically inspired model attains invariance to changes in size and position of face and ensures the efficiency of face detection.
Pressure dependence of the low-temperature crystal structure and phase transition behavior of CaFeAsF and SrFeAsF: A synchrotron x-ray diffraction study (2011)

We report systematic investigation of high pressure crystal structures and structural phase transition up to 46 GPa in CaFeAsF and 40 GPa in SrFeAsF at 40 K using powder synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments and Rietveld analysis of the diffraction data. We find that CaFeAsF undergoes orthorhombic to monoclinic phase transition at ${P}_{c}$ $=$ 13.7 GPa while increasing pressure. SrFeAsF exhibits coexistence of orthorhombic and monoclinic phases over a large pressure range from 9 to 39 GPa. The coexistence of the two phases indicates that the transition is of first order in nature. Unlike in the 122 compounds (BaFe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$ and CaFe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$), we do not find any collapse tetragonal transition. The transition to a lower symmetry phase (orthorhombic to monoclinic) in 1111 compounds under pressure is in contrast with the transition to a high symmetry phase (orthorhombic to tetragonal) in 122-type compounds. On heating from 40 K at high pressure, CaFeAsF undergoes monoclinic to tetragonal phase transition around 25 GPa and 200 K. Further, it does not show any post-tetragonal phase transition and remains in the tetragonal phase up to 25 GPa at 300 K. The $d{P}_{c}/dT$ is found to be positive for the CaFeAsF and CaFe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$, however the same was not found in case of BaFe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$.
Challenges in image-guided therapy system design (2020)

System development for Image-Guided Therapy (IGT), or Image-Guided Interventions (IGI), continues to be an area of active interest across academic and industry groups. This is an emerging field that is growing rapidly: major academic institutions and medical device manufacturers have produced IGT technologies that are in routine clinical use, dozens of high-impact publications are published in well regarded journals each year, and several small companies have successfully commercialized sophisticated IGT systems. In meetings between IGT investigators over the last two years, a consensus has emerged that several key areas must be addressed collaboratively by the community to reach the next level of impact and efficiency in IGT research and development to improve patient care. These meetings culminated in a two-day workshop that brought together several academic and industrial leaders in the field today. The goals of the Workshop were to identify gaps in the engineering infrastructure available to IGT researchers, develop the role of research funding agencies and the recently established National Center for Image Guided Therapy (NCIGT), and ultimately to facilitate the transfer of technology among NIH-sponsored research centers. Workshop discussions spanned many of the current challenges in the development and deployment of new IGT systems. Key challenges were identified in a number of areas, including: validation standards; workflows, use-cases and application requirements; component reusability; and device interface standards. This report elaborates on these key points and proposes research challenges that are to be addressed by a joint effort between academic, industry, and NIH participants.
Advanced oxynitride gate dielectrics for CMOS applications (2003)

A most preferable candidate of gate dielectrics in advanced CMOS to satisfy the requirement of an ITRS roadmap is still SiON, especially for high-performance and low-power devices. To advance the efficiency of SiON gate dielectrics, the keyword is N-rich. A high nitrogen concentration leads to low leakage current and high immunity to impurity penetration. However, in N-rich SiON, the mobility degradation and NBTI enhancement due to fixed charges formed by incorporated nitrogen atoms near the interface are problems. To solve these problems, we developed a SiN gate dielectric with an oxygen-enriched interface (OI-SiN). A process in which oxygen atoms are incorporated after forming SiN provides enhanced nitrogen concentration and an oxygen-enriched interface while simultaneously suppressing fixed charges, even in dielectrics having sub-nm EOT. This OI-SiN has good immunity against impurity penetration and provides superior device performance compared to the conventional SiON. Furthermore, the OI-SiN was much effective as an interfacial layer of high-K gate stack to solve problems in high-K gate dielectric.
Optimal Energy Efficient Bit and Power Loading for Multicarrier Systems (2014)

The energy efficient bit and power loading problem is studied for the multicarrier communication systems aiming to maximize the system energy efficiency (EE) under the total transmit power constraint, the per subcarrier bit error rate (BER) constraint and the minimum transmission rate constraint. To solve the non-convex combinatorial EE optimization problem, an equivalent one-dimensional problem is constructed and an optimal greedy bit and power loading algorithm is proposed. Furthermore, a simplified version of the bit and power loading algorithm is proposed as well to achieve the same optimal solution but with significant lower complexity.
Temperature dependence of the two photon absorption in indium arsenide (1995)

Nonlinear optical processes in semiconductors have long been a source of interesting physics. Two photon absorption (TPA) is one such process, in which two photons provide the energy for the creation of an electron-hole pair. Researchers at other FEL centers have studied room temperature TPA in InSb, InAs, and HgCdTe. Working at the Stanford Picosecond FEL Center, we have extended and refined this work by measuring the temperature dependence of the TPA coefficient in InAs over the range from 80 to 350 K at four wavelengths: 4.5, 5.06, 6.01, and 6.3 microns. The measurements validate the functional dependence of recent band structure calculations with enough precision to discriminate parabolic from non-parabolic models, and to begin to observe smaller effects, such as contributions due to the split-off band. These experiments therefore serve as a strong independent test of the Kane band theory, as well as providing a starting point for detailed observations of other nonlinear absorption mechanisms.
Optimization of the Series-HEV Control with Consideration of the Impact of Battery Cooling Auxiliary Losses (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper investigates the impact of battery cooling ancillary losses on fuel economy, and optimal control strategy for a series hybrid electric truck with consideration of cooling losses. Battery thermal model and its refrigeration-based cooling system are integrated into vehicle model, and the parasitic power consumption from cooling auxiliaries is considered in power management problem. Two supervisory control strategies are compared. First, a rule-based control strategy is coupled with a thermal management strategy; it controls power system and cooling system separately. The second is optimal control strategy developed using Dynamic Programming; it optimizes power flow with consideration of both propulsion and cooling requirement. The result shows that battery cooling consumption could cause fuel economy loss as high as 5%. When dynamic programming coordinates control of the powertrain and the cooling system in an optimal way, the fuel consumption penalty due to cooling losses is reduced to 3.7%, and battery duty cycle becomes milder. Finally, rules are extracted from the optimal strategy, and a refined rule-based strategy is presented.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Mechanism of H2 Evolution from a Photogenerated Hydridocobaloxime (2010)

Proton transfer from the triplet excited state of brominated naphthol to a difluoroboryl bridged Co(I)-diglyoxime complex, forming Co(III)H, was monitored via transient absorption. The second-order rate constant for Co(III)H formation is in the range (3.5-4.7) × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1), with proton transfer coupled to excited-state deactivation of the photoacid. Co(III)H is subsequently reduced by excess Co(I)-diglyoxime in solution to produce Co(II)H (k(red) = 9.2 × 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)), which is then protonated to yield Co(II)-diglyoxime and H(2).
Tailoring Properties of Silicon‐Containing Oxide Catalysts Via the Thermolytic Molecular Precursor Route (2003)

A non-aqueous thermolytic method for the synthesis of highly homogeneous mixed-element oxides using well-defined oxygen-rich complexes based upon the OSi(OtBu)3 and O2P(OtBu)2 ligands is described. This method offers molecular-level control over the nanostructure of the resulting materials and allows for the tailoring of the properties of such materials. This thermolytic molecular precursor approach has been used to obtain high surface area and well-dispersed M/Si/O and M/P/O materials with a variety of transition and main group elements. This route often provides heterogeneous catalysts with properties that are superior to those of catalysts with the same composition, but prepared by traditional aqueous methods. The molecular precursors may be used to produce mesoporous materials with complex stoichiometrics and a homogeneous distribution of metal atoms within the walls via the use of templating agents. It has also been found that these molecular precursors may be used for the introduction of surface-bound and isolated catalytic species via simple grafting techniques.
An Experimental Examination of Two Exchange Institutions (2001)

This outstanding collection spanning three decades comprises a superb selection of Charles R. Plott’s work in experimental economics. Market Institutions and Price Discovery contains papers which define problems, create laboratory methodology and produce the first results in many areas of experimental economics.
Progesterone receptor expression during prostate cancer progression suggests a role of this receptor in stromal cell differentiation (2015)

These results suggest that PR plays an active role in regulating stromal cell phenotypes during prostate cancer progression.
Reduktion von klinisch relevanten Pankreasfisteln durch eine Bioglue versiegelte Fischmaulverschluss-Technik des Pankreasrestes nach Pankreaslinksresektion (2015)

Einleitung: Ein Problem der Pankreaslinksresektion ist die Entwicklung von postoperativen Pankreasfisteln. Trotz einer Vielzahl chirurgischer Techniken konnte die Inzidenz dieser Pankreasfisteln bisher nicht signifikant gesenkt werden. In einer retrospektiven Analyse soll der Stellenwert einer neu entwickelten Bioglue versiegelten Fischmaulverschluss-Technik des Pankreasrestes in Bezug auf das Auftreten einer postoperativen Pankreasfistel untersucht werden.
Highly efficient and stable dye-sensitized solar cells based on SnO2nanocrystals prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis (2011)

Highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with excellent long-term stability were fabricated based on tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) nanocrystals with tunable morphologies and band energy levels. The nanocrystals were prepared by a facile, fast, and energy-saving microwave-assisted solvothermal reaction. Through variation of the precursor base used during nanocrystal synthesis control over morphology was achieved—precursor metal cations are known to have a strong influence on the growth process of SnO2 nanostructures. A simple and economic way to prepare semiconducting pastes for photoanodes was devised. The photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells based on SnO2 photoanodes was investigated. A very high power conversion efficiency of up to 3.2%, based on very high Voc and comparable Jsc and FF [under 1 Sun condition (AM 1.5, 100 mW cm−2, with shading masks)] was achieved, reporting the highest efficiency value for the cells based on unmodified SnO2 nanocrystals so far. In order to elucidate the efficient cell behavior, electrochemical properties such as the charge transport in the photoanodes as well as SnO2/electrolyte interfacial properties were investigated. Uncharacteristically for DSSCs, all devices tested in the present study show an unusual long-term stability under ambient conditions over several weeks.
Improved Bacterial Mutagenesis by High-Frequency Allele Exchange, Demonstrated in Clostridium difficile and Streptococcus suis (2013)

Here we show that the frequency of mutant isolation by two-step allele exchange can be improved by increasing the length of homologous DNA and the opportunity for recombination, obviating the need for counterselection markers. These principles are demonstrated in Clostridium difficile and Streptococcus suis but are likely to be generally applicable.
Tin‐Free Radical Sequences under Acidic Conditions. Convergent Access to Azole‐Containing Structures. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unusual Ca2+-Calmodulin Binding Interactions of the Microtubule-Associated Protein F-STOP, (2003)

F-STOP is a microtubule-associated protein that stabilizes microtubules in a calmodulin (CaM)-dependent manner. All members of the stable tubule only polypeptide (STOP) family have a central domain that contains nearly identical multiple repeats, and a CaM binding motif is present in multiple copies within this domain. We present here an analysis of this CaM binding interaction and find that it is highly unusual in nature. For this work, we synthesized two model peptides of a single STOP central repeat motif and analyzed their binding to CaM by fluorescence, circular dichroism, infrared and NMR spectroscopy. Both peptides bind to CaM with an affinity of 4 microM, similar to that of the native protein. Results indicate that the peptides bind CaM in an atypical manner. Binding is highly dependent on the concentration of cations, indicating that it is to some extent electrostatic. Further, IR and CD analysis shows that, in contrast to typical CaM binding reactions, CaM does not change in helical structure on binding. NMR mapping confirms that CaM remains in extended conformation on binding a single STOP peptide. Binding of a single peptide to CaM occurs principally in the CaM C-terminal region, and the C-terminal domain of CaM effectively competes for STOP binding. Our results establish that CaM binds STOP in an unusual manner, involving mainly the C-terminus of CaM, thus leaving CaM potentially accessible for another binding partner at the N-terminus. This intriguing possibility could be of physiological importance in F-STOP mediated CaM regulation of microtubule dynamics or stability, specifically during mitosis where CaM and STOP colocalize.
Investigation of Factor Causing Deterioration of Ferroelectric Electron Emitter (2009)

A factor causing deterioration of a ferroelectric electron emitter with a unique porous electrode has been investigated. In an electron emitter that deteriorates upon continuous operation, a decrease of the remnant polarization and a discoloration of the ferroelectric layer were observed. Furthermore, the binding energies of the elements comprising the layer were shown to have shifted to a higher energy when the ferroelectric layer was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These results indicate polarization fatigue caused by oxygen vacancies in the ferroelectric layer. Therefore, we considered that the main factor causing deterioration of our electron emitter is polarization fatigue in the ferroelectric layer. On the basis of these investigations, we applied a new ferroelectric material supplemented with 1 wt % MnO2 to prevent the degradation of the ferroelectric layer, which resulted in the durability of the electron emitter improving significantly.
Selective Raf inhibition in cancer therapy (2007)

Over the past 5 years, the Raf kinase family has emerged as a promising target for protein-directed cancer therapy development. The goal of this review is to first provide a concise summary of the data validating Raf proteins as high-interest therapeutic targets. The authors then outline the mode of action of Raf kinases, emphasizing how Raf activities and protein interactions suggest specific approaches to inhibiting Raf. The authors then summarize the set of drugs, antisense reagents and antibodies available or in development for therapeutically targeting Raf or Raf-related proteins, as well as existing strategies combining these and other therapeutic agents. Finally, the authors discuss recent results from systems biology analyses that have the potential to increasingly guide the intelligent selection of combination therapies involving Raf-targeting agents and other therapeutics.