gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulated annealing based parallel state assignment of finite state machines (2002)

Simulated annealing has been an effective tool in many optimization problems in VLSI CAD but its time requirements are prohibitive. In this paper, we report a parallel algorithm for a well established, simulated annealing based algorithm for the state assignment problem for finite state machines. Our parallel annealing strategy uses parallel moves by multiple processes, each performing local moves within its assigned sub-space of the state encoding space. The novelty is in the dynamic repartitioning of the state space among processors, so that each processor gets to perform moves on the entire space over time. This is important to keep the quality of the parallel algorithm comparable to the serial algorithm. On the average our algorithm gives quality results within 0.05% of the serial algorithm on 64 processors. Our algorithm is portable across a wide range of MIMD machines and gives superlinear speedups on all of them. For a large circuit, the run-time has been reduced from 11 hours to 10 minutes on a 64 processor machine.
Current and future strategies for preventing and managing erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy (2004)

Radical prostatectomy is an increasingly used therapeutic option for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and a life expectancy of at least 10 years [1]. The pioneering work by Walsh and Donker [2] significantly contributed to the understanding of the surgical anatomy of the prostate and posed the bases for the subsequent development of the anatomic radical prostatectomy technique, i.e., a surgical approach aimed at completely excising the prostate providing optimal cancer control while maintaining the integrity of the anatomical structures devoted to the functions of urinary continence and sexual potency [3–5]. Since the initial reports on this technique an increasing number of studies have reported very satisfactory postoperative rates of urinary continence while the preservation of erectile function after surgery clearly showed to be a major challenge for most urologists [6–8]. This finding contributed to the development of an increasing interest in the elucidation of the pathophysiology of postoperative erectile dysfunction (ED) and on its potential prophylaxis and treatment [9–10]. The aim of this review article was to extensively evaluate the information coming from peer reviewed abstracts and full papers on the topic of ED and radical prostatectomy in the attempt to summarize the current knowledge in the field and elucidate future therapeutic strategies.
Interesting Behavior of α,β‐Unsaturated Oximes in Intramolecular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Saving Face on Facebook: Impression Management as Motivation to Use Social Networks (2014)

Use of social networks is ubiquitous. We contend that a catalyst for using social networks is defining and communicating one’s identity to others. We build and justify a model that predicts motivations to use a social network in terms of users’ perceptions of autonomy in using the social network, and their perceived control over their identity communication. We additionally model and justify the effects of perceived social benefits and need for self-esteem on the use of social networks. This unique model provides an interesting lens through which the phenomenon of social networks use can be examined. The completion of the proposed study should provide unique and interesting insights that inform our understanding of the phenomenon of social network use.
Nonlinear finite element model for web spreading (1997)

This study concerns the modification of a commercial finite element code (ABAQUS) to efficiently model webs moving over stationary, frictional guides. This modification will allow the user to refine the mesh in areas of interest (i.e. in the contact zone) while using a coarser mesh in other areas. The model was used to investigate web spreading using three different geometries - a straight bar, a bowed in-plane bar and a bowed out of plane bar (D-Bar). The effects of the Poisson ratio of the web and friction on web spreading will be investigated.
Vaccination with the RSV fusion protein formulated with a combination adjuvant induces long-lasting protective immunity (2014)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the primary causative agents of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in young children, in particular infants. Recently, we reported the protective efficacy of a RSV vaccine formulation consisting of a truncated version of the fusion (F) protein formulated with a Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist and an immunostimulatory peptide in a carrier system (ΔF/TriAdj). To evaluate the duration of immunity induced by this vaccine candidate, we carried out long-term trials. The ΔF was formulated with triple adjuvant (TriAdj) containing either polyinosinic : polycytidylic acid (polyI : C) or cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) and administered intranasally to mice. One year after the second vaccination all mice were challenged with RSV. Both ΔF/TriAdj formulations mediated the induction of high levels of IgG1, IgG2a and virus-neutralizing antibodies, and IgA in the lungs. Based on the numbers of IFN-γ- and IL-5-secreting cells in the spleen, the immune response was slightly T-helper cell type 1 (Th1)-biased. This was confirmed by the presence of F85-93-specific CD8(+) effector T cells in the lungs of both ΔF/TriAdj(polyI : C)- and ΔF/TriAdj(CpG)-immunized mice. Both ΔF/TriAdj formulations induced RSV-specific CD8(+) T cells. However, ΔF/TriAdj(polyI : C) generated significantly higher IgG affinity maturation and higher numbers of RSV-specific CD8(+) effector memory T cells in lungs and CD8(+) central memory T cells in spleen and lymph nodes than ΔF/TriAdj(CpG). After RSV challenge, no virus replication and no evidence of vaccine-induced pathology were detected in mice immunized with either of the ΔF/TriAdj formulations, demonstrating that the duration of immunity induced with these vaccines is at least one year.
A Study on the ATSC 3.0 Service Following (2018)

In ATSC 3.0 capable of mobile services, the functionality of service following is required when the user moves around the shadow area or travels to the adjacent broadcast network. This paper proposes a scheme of ATSC 3.0 service following by the definition of service following description format and the delivery and consumption behavior. With this proposed scheme, the user is able to continue the tuned service with keeping his eyes on the road wherever he enters the low signal strength area or travels to the edge of the broadcast zone.
Improvements in hearing aid transducers (1995)

Hearing aid transducers have been around for nearly 50 years and have reached a significant level of maturity. Recent improvements have been made primarily in the areas of robustness, size, and integration of subsystems. This presentation will describe several recent improvements in hearing aid transducers. The author will also discuss areas where future improvements are likely to be made. A discussion of the noise levels in microphones, which are felt to be a concern of the industry, will be made in an attempt to present a manufacturer’s view of this issue.
Isoflurane-enhanced Recovery of Canine Stunned Myocardium (1999)

The results indicate that protein kinase C inhibition using low doses of bisindolylmaleimide alone produces cardioprotection, and isoflurane further enhances this protection. In contrast, high doses of bisindolylmaleimide are not cardioprotective in the presence or absence of isoflurane. A role for protein kinase C during isoflurane-induced recovery of the stunned myocardium cannot be excluded.
Eavesdropping on Biological Processes with Multi-dimensional Molecular Imaging (2019)

A more complete understanding of biological processes at cellular and molecular levels requires the ability to study them in time and space. Such observation became increasingly easy with the use of genetically encoded fluorescent markers, such as GFP, and the latest developments in optical microscopy. This combination of tools permits the structure and function of biological tissues to be imaged in zebrafish non-invasively. For example, it has become possible to image cardiac structure when GFP is fused to cytoskeletal elements, such as alpha-catenin; similarly, neural activity can be followed when genetically encoded calcium sensors are used to eavesdrop on sets of neurons. Such intravital imaging has furthered our understanding of the relationships between cardiac structure and function, as well as between neuronal activity patterns and complex behaviors such as sleep. Imaging these processes in 3 dimensions – at whole tissue scale and at subcellular resolution – is challenging to perform at sufficient speeds to capture the dynamics under study. Here we review some emerging approaches that combine the speed of Light Sheet microscopy with sets of computational image processing and image analysis tools, offering clear paths to overcome these challenges. We will take advantage of the zebrafish as an excellent system for imaging, and offer examples drawn from recent efforts to perform 3D imaging at single-cell resolution of the beating heart, and of whole-brain neural activity.
Extraordinary Multipole Modes and Ultra-Enhanced Optical Lateral Force by Chirality (2020)

Strong mode coupling and Fano resonances arisen from exceptional interaction between resonant modes in single nanostructures have raised much attention for their advantages in nonlinear optics, sensing, etc. Individual electromagnetic multipole modes such as quadrupoles, octupoles, and their counterparts from mode coupling (toroidal dipole and nonradiating anapole mode) have been well investigated in isolated or coupled nanostructures with access to high Q factors in bound states in the continuum. Albeit the extensive study on ordinary dielectric particles, intriguing aspects of light-matter interactions in single chiral nanostructures is lacking. Here, we unveil that extraordinary multipoles can be simultaneously superpositioned in a chiral nanocylinder, such as two toroidal dipoles with opposite moments, and electric and magnetic sextupoles. The induced optical lateral forces and their scattering cross sections can thus be either significantly enhanced in the presence of those multipoles with high-Q factors, or suppressed by the bound states in the continuum. This work for the first time reveals the complex correlation between multipolar effects, chiral coupling, and optical lateral force, providing a distinct way for advanced optical manipulation.
Sorption and transport of hydrocarbon and perfluorocarbon gases in poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (2000)

Pure gas solubility and permeability of H2, O2, N2, CO2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, CF4, C2F6, and C3F8 in poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PTMSP) were determined as a function of pressure at 35°C. Permeability coefficients of the perfluorinated penetrants are approximately an order of magnitude lower than those of their hydrocarbon analogs, and lower even than those of the permanent gases. In striking contrast to hydrocarbon penetrants, PTMSP permeability to fluorocarbon penetrants decreases with increasing penetrant size. This unusual size-sieving behavior in PTMSP is attributed to low perfluorocarbon solubilities in PTMSP coupled with low diffusion coefficients relative to those of their hydrocarbon analogs. In general, perfluorocarbon penetrants are less soluble than their hydrocarbon analogs in PTMSP. The difference in hydrocarbon and perfluorocarbon solubilities in high free volume, hydrocarbon-rich PTMSP is much smaller than in hydrocarbon liquids and liquidlike polydimethylsiloxane. The low solubility of perfluorocarbon penetrants is ascribed to the large size of the fluorocarbons, which inhibits their dissolution into the densified regions of the polymer matrix and reduces the number of penetrant molecules that can be accommodated in Langmuir sites. From the permeability and sorption data, diffusion coefficients were calculated as a function of penetrant concentration. With the exception of H2 and the C3 analogs, all of the penetrants exhibit a maximum in their concentration-dependent diffusion coefficients. Resolution of diffusion coefficients into a mobility factor and a thermodynamic factor reveals that it is the interplay between these two terms that causes the maxima. The mobility of the smaller penetrants (H2, O2, N2, CH4, and CO2) decreases monotonically with increasing penetrant concentration, suggesting that the net free volume of the polymer–penetrant mixture decreases as additional penetrant is added to PTMSP. For larger penetrants mobility either: (1) remains constant at low concentrations and then decreases at higher penetrant concentrations (C2H6, CF4, and C2F6); (2) remains constant for all concentrations examined (C3H8); or (3) increases monotonically with increasing penetrant concentration (C3F8). Presumably these results reflect the varying effects of these penetrants on the net free volume of the polymer–penetrant system. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 273–296, 2000
ChemInform Abstract: Transfer of Chirality in Radical Cyclizations. Cyclization of o‐Haloacrylanilides to Oxindoles with Transfer of Axial Chirality to a Newly Formed Stereocenter. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A variant insulin promoter in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (1992)

To test the hypothesis that alterations in regulatory regions of the insulin gene occur in a subset of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), the promoter region was studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification directly from genomic DNA, followed by high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. By using this method a previously identified HincII polymorphism (GTTGAC to GTTGAG at position-56) in American Blacks was readily detected, indicating that single base changes could be observed. In the course of screening the insulin promoter from 40 American Black subjects with NIDDM, an apparent larger allele was found in two individuals. Both patients were shown to have in addition to a normal allele, a larger allele containing an 8-bp repeat, TGGTCTAA from positions -322 to -315 of the insulin promoter. To facilitate rapid screening for the 8-bp repeat, a high-resolution agarose gel electrophoretic analysis was adopted. DNA from American Black NIDDM subjects (n = 100) and nondiabetic subjects (n = 100) was PCR amplified and analyzed. The 8-bp repeat was present in five NIDDM subjects, and one nondiabetic subject. DNA from Mauritius Creoles, also of African ancestry, was analyzed, and the 8-bp repeat was present in 3 of 41 NIDDM subjects, and 0 of 41 nondiabetic subjects. Analysis of glucose metabolism in three presumed normal sibs of an NIDDM patient with an 8-bp repeat revealed that one sib had overt diabetes, and two sibs were glucose intolerant, but there was no consistent segregation of the insulin promoter variant with the diabetes phenotype. The variant promoter was not present in 35 Caucasian NIDDM patients or in 40 Pima Indians. To test the biological consequences of the 8-bp repeat sequence in the insulin promoter, a normal and variant promoter were subcloned into a luciferase plasmid, and reporter gene activity assessed by transient transfection into mouse insulinoma (beta TC1) and hamster insulinoma (HIT) cells. The promoter activity of the variant allele was found to be reduced to 37.9 +/- 10.3% of the activity of the normal promoter in HIT cells (P less than 0.01, n = 4), and 49.1 +/- 6.4% in beta TC1 cells (P less than 0.01, n = 6). These data thus suggest that a naturally occurring variant of the insulin promoter may contribute to the diabetes phenotype in 5-6% of Black NIDDM patients.
Generating a Twisted Spatiotemporal Wave Packet Using Coherent Superposition of Structured Beams with Different Frequencies (2019)

We explore the superposition of beams carrying different LG modes located on different frequencies to control the wave packet's spatiotemporal structures in simulation. Dependence of its rotating helical envelope on the mode and frequency spectra is analyzed. © 2019 The Author(s)
All-silicon microring avalanche photodiodes with a >65 A/W response (2023)

We report an all-Si microring (MRR) avalanche photodiode (APD) with an ultrahigh responsivity (R) of 65 A/W, dark current of 6.5 µA, and record gain-bandwidth product (GBP) of 798 GHz at -7.36 V. The mechanisms for the high responsivity have been modelled and investigated. Furthermore, open eye diagrams up to 20 Gb/s are supported at 1310 nm at -7.36 V. The device is the first, to the best of our knowledge, low cost all-Si APD that has potential to compete with current commercial Ge- and III-V-based photodetectors (PDs). This shows the potential to make the all-Si APD a standard "black-box" component in Si photonics CMOS foundry platform component libraries.
Calibration of Synchronized Measurement System: from the Instrument Transformer to the PMU (2018)

Even if their deployment in electrical medium voltage networks was not as extensive as could be expected at the beginning, Phasor Measurement Units are key elements for Smart Grid operation. An impressive amount of papers discusses their implementation and usefulness in medium voltage network and almost as many deals with their metrological characterization. Although it is well known that instrument transformers are the main source of uncertainty in PMU-based synchronized measurements, this topic is not sufficiently tackled in the scientific literature. In this paper, the attention is focused on the calibration of a measurement system made by a PMU and a low-power instrument transformer commonly employed in the Italian distribution network.
The Mechanics of n-Player Differentiable Games (2018)

The cornerstone underpinning deep learning is the&#13;\nguarantee that gradient descent on an objective&#13;\nconverges to local minima. Unfortunately, this&#13;\nguarantee fails in settings, such as generative adversarial&#13;\nnets, where there are multiple interacting&#13;\nlosses. The behavior of gradient-based methods&#13;\nin games is not well understood – and is becoming&#13;\nincreasingly important as adversarial and multiobjective&#13;\narchitectures proliferate. In this paper,&#13;\nwe develop new techniques to understand and control&#13;\nthe dynamics in general games. The key result&#13;\nis to decompose the second-order dynamics into&#13;\ntwo components. The first is related to potential&#13;\ngames, which reduce to gradient descent on an implicit&#13;\nfunction; the second relates to Hamiltonian&#13;\ngames, a new class of games that obey a conservation&#13;\nlaw, akin to conservation laws in classical&#13;\nmechanical systems. The decomposition motivates&#13;\nSymplectic Gradient Adjustment (SGA), a&#13;\nnew algorithm for finding stable fixed points in&#13;\ngeneral games. Basic experiments show SGA is&#13;\ncompetitive with recently proposed algorithms for&#13;\nfinding stable fixed points in GANs – whilst at&#13;\nthe same time being applicable to – and having&#13;\nguarantees in – much more general games.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinazolines as Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Current progress and open challenges for applying deep learning across the biosciences (2022)

Deep Learning (DL) has recently enabled unprecedented advances in one of the grand challenges in computational biology: the half-century-old problem of protein structure prediction. In this paper we discuss recent advances, limitations, and future perspectives of DL on five broad areas: protein structure prediction, protein function prediction, genome engineering, systems biology and data integration, and phylogenetic inference. We discuss each application area and cover the main bottlenecks of DL approaches, such as training data, problem scope, and the ability to leverage existing DL architectures in new contexts. To conclude, we provide a summary of the subject-specific and general challenges for DL across the biosciences.
Anti-Money Laundering in Bitcoin: Experimenting with Graph Convolutional Networks for Financial Forensics (2019)

Anti-money laundering (AML) regulations play a critical role in safeguarding financial systems, but bear high costs for institutions and drive financial exclusion for those on the socioeconomic and international margins. The advent of cryptocurrency has introduced an intriguing paradox: pseudonymity allows criminals to hide in plain sight, but open data gives more power to investigators and enables the crowdsourcing of forensic analysis. Meanwhile advances in learning algorithms show great promise for the AML toolkit. In this workshop tutorial, we motivate the opportunity to reconcile the cause of safety with that of financial inclusion. We contribute the Elliptic Data Set, a time series graph of over 200K Bitcoin transactions (nodes), 234K directed payment flows (edges), and 166 node features, including ones based on non-public data; to our knowledge, this is the largest labelled transaction data set publicly available in any cryptocurrency. We share results from a binary classification task predicting illicit transactions using variations of Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP), and Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN), with GCN being of special interest as an emergent new method for capturing relational information. The results show the superiority of Random Forest (RF), but also invite algorithmic work to combine the respective powers of RF and graph methods. Lastly, we consider visualization for analysis and explainability, which is difficult given the size and dynamism of real-world transaction graphs, and we offer a simple prototype capable of navigating the graph and observing model performance on illicit activity over time. With this tutorial and data set, we hope to a) invite feedback in support of our ongoing inquiry, and b) inspire others to work on this societally important challenge.
Motorgeräusch (2011)

Das Motorgeräusch ist nicht exakt vorausberechenbar. Diese Aussage muss diesem Abschnitt vorangestellt werden. Es ist dennoch auf halbempirischem Weg möglich, das Motorgeräusch nach erfolgter Kategorisierung innerhalb gewisser Genauigkeitsgrenzen vorherzusagen. Darüber hinaus gelingt es bereits ziemlich gut, relative Verbesserungen oder Verschlechterungen hinsichtlich eines veränderten Zylinderdruckverlaufs, strukturmechanischer Maßnahmen sowie Veränderungen am Ansaugtrakt und Abgasschalldämpfersystem zu berechnen.