gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TE-selective GaAs/AlGaAs phase modulator (2001)

A P-I-i-I-N GaAs/AlGaAs phase modulator with selective phase change only for TE mode is presented. TE-selective phase modulation can be achieved by utilizing the linear electro-optic (LEO) effect, which is polarization-dependent, and limiting contributions from polarization-independent effects. Separate confinement of optical and applied electric fields in the P-I-i-I-N structure and selection of an operating wavelength far from the bandgap enable this operation to be optimized. TE phase shift efficiencies of 4.0 ~ 6.5 degrees/V mm can be achieved with maintaining the ratio of TM to TE phase shift to be less than 10 percent. TE selectivity can be increased at the cost of reduction of phase shift efficiency and vice versa.
RDO Transform Selection for a Multi-Transform Video Encoder (2006)

A transform selection for a multi-transform video encoding scheme (AVC possible extension) is presented. This transform selection uses rate distortion optimization (RDO) technique. This method can also be adapted to be used for coding mode-selection and quantization step selection. RDO technique is applied to a selection of transform for each residual sub-block (4×4 PELs) from an available transform collection. The mode selection methodology from [8] is improved and used for the transform selection. The [8] mode selection process uses suboptimal RDO process with one dimensional space instead of two-dimensional space, which leads to a PSNR degradation of 1-2dB compared to two-dimensional space RDO. The suggested RDO method uses two stage minimization processes: Initially, Lagrange minimization is applied to each transform. Then, second Lagrange minimization used to select transform/quantization pair. The complexity is reduced by assuming that the RD function of the scalar quantization is a monotonic function, and by use in developed bit-rate predictor. The bit-rate prediction improves the methods that are presented in [1] and [5] and achieves bit-rate degradation of 0.31% - 6.8% compared to non prediction scheme vs. a bit-rate degradation of 3.2% - 13.2% by use bitrate predictor which presented in [1] and [5]. Finally video encoding process which presented achieve up to 30% of improvement. The video encoding uses RDO selection and the bitrate predictor which developed here. The RDO process selects out of three alternative transform which given by [3].
Measurements and Modeling of Planar Metal Film Patterns Deposited on Dielectric Substrates (2009)

Split dielectric resonator operating in a quasi TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">011</sub> mode was used for the measurements of resonance frequency shifts and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> -factor changes due to the presence of closely packed metal film circles deposited on low loss dielectric substrates. Several film patterns were investigated having various diameters of circles and made of films with different surface resistivity values. Finite difference time domain analysis of the split post dielectric resonator containing such patterns shows that closely packed metal film circles create a metamaterial with large in-plane permittivity and diamagnetic out-of-plane properties. Total losses in such a metamaterial exhibit two minima as a function of the surface resistivity of metal circles.
Carbon Migration Behavior during Rolling Contact in Tempered Martensite and Retained Austenite of Carburized SAE4320 Steel (2021)

The changes in the state of carbon in tempered martensite and retained austenite in carburized SAE4320 steel under the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) were investigated using atom probe tomography (APT). In the tempered martensite, the carbons in solid solution and in carbon cluster were readily transferred to the preexisting metastable (ε) carbide due to rolling contact, resulting in a localized change from tempered martensite to ferrite accompanied by the growth of carbides. This supports the recently proposed dislocation assisted carbon migration theory. On the other hand, retained austenite with uniformly distributed enriched solute carbon was partially transformed into the very fine deformation-induced martensite due to rolling contact. Furthermore, carbon seemed to be partitioned into retained austenite from the deformation-induced martensite during further rolling contact cycles. This is a new insight into the characteristics of deformation-induced martensite and retained austenite generated by rolling contact. The present study provides a plausible explanation to the phenomenon that the deformation-induced martensitic transformation improves the RCF life.
Liveness in Notation Use: From Music to Programming. (2010)

In this paper we draw an analogy between musical systems and programming environments, concentrating on user experience associated with feedback and its implications for flow. We present a number of different analytical frames all of which, we suggest, influence the nature of this feedback and with it, the user experience. We introduce a new diagrammatic analysis format, and use it to explore the kinds of feedback loop present in musical systems, what such systems might teach us in the analytical description of programming languages, and vice versa.
(Invited) Electrokinetic-Manipulation Integrated Plasmonic-Photonic Hybrid Raman Nanosensors with Dual Enhanced Sensitivity (2017)

To detect biochemicals with ultra-high sensitivity, efficiency, reproducibility and specificity has been the Holy Grail in the development of nanosensors. In this work, we report an innovative type of photonic-plasmonic hybrid Raman nanosensors integrated with electrokinetic manipulation by rational design, which offers dual mechanisms that enhance the sensitivity for molecule detection directly in solution. For the first time, we integrate large arrays of synthesized plasmonic nanocapsules with densely surface distributed silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on lithographically patterned photonic crystals via electric-field assembling. With the patterned microelectrodes, the applied electric fields not only assemble the hybrid plasmonic nanocapsules on photonic crystals but also generate electrokinetic flows that focus analyte molecules to the Ag hot spots on the nanocapsules for Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection. The synergistic effects of plasmonic-photonic resonance and the electrokinetic molecular focusing can promote the SERS enhancement factor (EF) robustly to 5×10 9 - 5×10 10 . Various molecules including SERS probing molecules, nucleobases, and unsafe food additives can be detected directly from suspension. The innovative mechanism, design, and fabrication reported in this work can inspire a new paradigm for achieving high-performance Raman nanosensors, which is pivotal for lab-on-chip disease diagnosis and environmental protection.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Transcriptional Programs following Genetic Alterations in <i>p53</i>, <i>INK4A</i>, and <i>H-Ras</i> Genes along Defined Stages of Malignant Transformation (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Transcriptional Programs following Genetic Alterations in &lt;i&gt;p53&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;INK4A&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;H-Ras&lt;/i&gt; Genes along Defined Stages of Malignant Transformation
Production and secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in children with atopic dermatitis (1994)

IFN-gamma is known to be a major inhibitor of IgE synthesis in vitro. Recent studies demonstrating reduced production of IFN-gamma in children and adults with atopic dermatitis and elevated serum IgE suggest a similar role for this cytokine in vivo. The reasons for this reduced IFN-gamma production are not known. One possibility is that atopic individuals have a reduced population of cells producing IFN-gamma in vivo. Using a fluorescence-labelled antibody to detect intracellular IFN-gamma, the percentage of IFN-gamma-producing cells was determined in children with atopic dermatitis and in non-atopic controls. Children with atopic dermatitis had a greater percentage of IFN-gamma-producing cells in unstimulated cultures compared with controls, indicating in vivo activation of lymphocytes in the atopic group. This could reflect the significant degree of inflammation present in these children, or the presence of bacterial infection or colonization. Although secretion of IFN-gamma after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/Ca was significantly lower in children with atopic dermatitis compared with controls, the percentage of IFN-gamma-producing cells in the stimulated cultures from this group was equivalent to controls. This demonstrates that the reduced ability of atopic children to secrete IFN-gamma in vitro does not relate to a lack of IFN-gamma-producing cells, but to a difference in the regulation of IFN-gamma production beyond the stage of signal transduction.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Removal of Pipecolinate from Rapamycin and FK506 by Reaction with n‐Bu4N+CN‐. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spectral models for 1D blood flow simulations (2010)

In this paper we introduce a new theoretical formulation for the description of the blood flow in the circulatory system. Starting from a linearized version of the Navier-Stokes equations, the Green's function of the propagation problem is computed in a rational form. As a consequence, the input-output transfer function relating the upstream and downstream pressure and blood flow is written in a rational form as well, leading to a time-domain state-space model suitable for transient analysis. The proposed theoretical formulation has been validated by pertinent numerical results.
Evidence of homologous recombination as a driver of diversity in Brachyspira pilosicoli (2020)

The enteric, pathogenic spirochaete <i>Brachyspira pilosicoli</i> colonizes and infects a variety of birds and mammals, including humans. However, there is a paucity of genomic data available for this organism. This study introduces 12 newly sequenced draft genome assemblies, boosting the cohort of examined isolates by fourfold and cataloguing the intraspecific genomic diversity of the organism more comprehensively. We used several <i>in silico</i> techniques to define a core genome of 1751 genes and qualitatively and quantitatively examined the intraspecific species boundary using phylogenetic analysis and average nucleotide identity, before contextualizing this diversity against other members of the genus <i>Brachyspira</i>. Our study revealed that an additional isolate that was unable to be species typed against any other <i>Brachyspira</i> lacked putative virulence factors present in all other isolates. Finally, we quantified that homologous recombination has as great an effect on the evolution of the core genome of the <i>B. pilosicoli</i> as random mutation (<i>r</i>/<i>m</i>=1.02). Comparative genomics has informed <i>Brachyspira</i> diversity, population structure, host specificity and virulence. The data presented here can be used to contribute to developing advanced screening methods, diagnostic assays and prophylactic vaccines against this zoonotic pathogen.
Distribution and possible function of an adrenomedullin-like peptide in the developing chick limb bud (2002)

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide that exhibits discrete domains of expression during mouse embryogenesis consistent with a role in regulating growth and differentiation during morphogenesis. Here we report that AM immunoreactivity is present at high levels throughout the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) of the chick limb bud as the AER is directing the outgrowth and patterning of underlying limb mesoderm. Immunostaining is particularly strong along the surfaces of the contiguous cells of the AER. AM immunoreactivity attenuates as the AER regresses and is absent from the distal apical ectoderm of stage 20 limbless mutant limb buds which fail to develop an AER. To explore the possible role of AM in AER activity, we examined the effect of exogenous AM and an AM inhibitor on the in vitro morphogenesis of limb mesoderm, cultured in the presence and absence of the AER. Although exogenous AM cannot substitute for the AER in promoting outgrowth of limb mesoderm in vitro, a specific AM antagonist, AM(22-52), impairs the outgrowth and proliferation of limb mesoderm cultured in the presence of the AER. This is consistent with the possibility that inhibition of endogenous AM activity in the AER impairs the ability of the AER to promote limb morphogenesis. Taken together, these studies suggest that an AM-like molecule may function in an autocrine fashion to regulate some aspect of AER activity.
JTAG-based robust PCB authentication for protection against counterfeiting attacks (2016)

A Printed Circuit Board (PCB) provides the backbone for the interconnection of diverse electronic components into an electronic system. Unfortunately, the increased use of untrusted third-party PCB design/fabrication facilities and the long, distributed, supply chain of a PCB makes it extremely vulnerable to variety of integrity violation attacks, primarily different forms of counterfeiting, including cloning and recycling. In this paper, we propose a novel low-overhead and robust method to authenticate PCBs that utilizes an existing industry standard - IEEE 1149.1 or JTAG test infrastructure to extract high-quality signatures with high entropy. Since the signature encapsulates the intrinsic properties of the PCB components, it can be effectively used to identify malicious modifications of PCB components (e.g. replacing a chip) in a supply chain or during field operation. Measurement results with 30 custom fabricated test boards are promising in terms of uniqueness (48.34% inter-PCB hamming distance) and robustness (1.22% intra-PCB Hamming Distance) of 128-bit authentication signature.
Solvent Effect on β-Hydride Elimination Reaction in Syndiospecific Styrene Polymerization with Cyclopentadienyltitanium Trichloride (CpTiCl3)/Methylalumoxane (MAO) Catalytic System (2001)

The influence of the type of solvent on styrene polymerization behavior with cyclopentadienyltitanium trichloride (CpTiCl3) and methylalumoxane (MAO) catalytic system at 25°C was investigated. It was found that the number-average molecular weight (M̄n) of the polystyrene produced was correlated with the dielectric constant of solvent (ε). The maximum M̄n was obtained by using the solvents having proper dielectric constant at ε = 4.0–4.2. The kinetic analyses and 1H NMR measurements strongly suggested that this solvent effect was induced by the decrease of rate constant of β-hydride elimination (ktrβ). The correlation between the kinetic parameters and the dielectric constants of solvent suggests competitive equilibrium between coordination of solvent and β-agostic interaction should exist.
Inhibition by Fab and Fab'2 monoclonal anti-Ia antibody fragments of T-lymphocyte proliferative responses. (1982)

We investigated the capacity of anti-Ia monoclonal antibody Fab and Fab'2 fragments to inhibit keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) or concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T-cell proliferations. Both types of fragments of anti-I-Ak and anti-I-E/Ck monoclonal antibodies inhibited these responses. On a protein concentration basis, the inhibitory effects of fragmented antibodies were less pronounced than those of undigested molecules. However, once the differences in antigen-binding capacity were compensated, antibody fragments were as efficient inhibitors as undigested molecules. These results suggest (i) that masking of Ia antigenic determinants is the essential mechanism of anti-Ia antibody-mediated inhibitory effect; (ii) that some KLH-specific proliferating T lymphocytes are I-E/Ck restricted; (iii) that the Ia antigen role is not limited to restriction of cell interactions since the Con A-induced proliferation, a non-H-2 restricted response, is inhibited by anti-Ia Fab fragments.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Electrically-Actuated Carbon Nanotube Resonator (2008)

This paper presents an investigation into the nonlinear dynamics of a carbon nanotube (CNT) actuated electrically by a DC force and an AC harmonic load. The CNT is described by an Euler Bernoulli beam model that accounts for the system nonlinearities due to mid-plane stretching and electrostatic forcing. A reduced-order model based on the Galerkin method is developed and utilized to simulate the static and dynamic response of the CNT. The static deflection of the CNT and its pull-in voltage are calculated and validated by comparing them to published results. It was found that mid-plane stretching has a major impact on the pull-in prediction of CNT. Dynamic analysis is conducted to explore the nonlinear oscillation of the CNT near its fundamental natural frequency (primary resonance) and near one half, twice, and three times its natural frequency (secondary resonances). The nonlinear analysis is carried out using a shooting technique combined with the Floquet theory to capture periodic orbits and analyze their stability. The results show that these resonances can lead to complex nonlinear dynamics phenomena such as hysteresis, dynamic pull-in, hardening and softening behaviors, and frequencies bands with an inevitable escape from a potential well.
Role of the NH2terminus of the cloned renal K+channel, ROMK1, in arachidonic acid-mediated inhibition (1998)

We have previously demonstrated that the ROMK channel maintains the property of arachidonic acid (AA) sensitivity observed originally in the native ATP-sensitive K+ channel of the rat cortical collecting duct (16). We used the patch-clamp technique to extend these studies to other NH2-terminal splice variants of the ROMK channel family, ROMK2 and ROMK3, expressed in Xenopus oocytes to determine the mechanism by which AA inhibits channel activity. Although the conductance, channel open probability, and open/closed times of the three homologs were determined to be similar, addition of 5-10 microM AA caused only a moderate inhibition of ROMK2 (15 +/- 8%) and ROMK3 (13 +/- 9%) activity, indicating that differences in the NH2 termini of ROMK channels strongly influence the AA action. We consequently examined the effect of AA on a ROMK1 variant, R1ND37, in which the NH2 terminal amino acids 2-37 were deleted, and on a mutant ROMK1, R1S4A, in which the serine-4 residue was mutated to alanine. Like ROMK2 and ROMK3, AA had a diminished effect on these variants. Addition of 1 nM exogenous protein kinase C (PKC) inhibited ROMK1 but not the mutant, R1S4A. However, the effect of AA is not a result of stimulation of a membrane bound PKC, since PKC inhibitors, calphostin C and chelerythrine, failed to abolish the AA-induced inhibition. In contrast, application of 5 microM staurosporine, a nonspecific protein kinase inhibitor at high concentration, abolished the effect of AA. We conclude that phosphorylation of serine-4 residue in the NH2 terminus plays a key role in determination of AA effect on ROMK channels.
Quantum Dots for Photonic Integrated Circuits: From Isolation-Free to Amplitude Noise Squeezing (2022)

This paper reports on an InAs/GaAs quantum-dot (QD) laser for uncooled and isolation-free photonic integrated circuits. All lasing properties are improved with the increase of temperature by applying a design of optical wavelength detuning. The QD laser can also be used for squeezed light generation.
EVALUATION OF TEXAS GRID-SLOT PORTABLE CONCRETE BARRIER SYSTEM (2002)

The crash performance of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Type 2 precast concrete traffic barrier (PCTB(1)-90) with joint type A is unproven with respect to the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 guidelines. Under this project, Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) researchers and TxDOT engineers worked together to evaluate the crash performance of this barrier system and determine if cost effective modifications can be made to the barrier to meet NCHRP Report 350 criteria and limit dynamic deflections to practical levels. The research team performed various analyses to help assess the ability of the selected barrier systems to meet NCHRP Report 350 impact performance criteria prior to conducting the full-scale crash testing. Computer simulation techniques were used to support the analysis efforts. The simulation provided a more detailed understanding of the three-dimensional impact response of the barrier design. The program utilized in the computer modeling efforts was LS-DYNA. LS-DYNA is a general-purpose, explicit finite element code used to analyze the nonlinear dynamic response of three-dimensional inelastic structures. This code is capable of capturing many of the complex interactions that occur when a vehicle impacts a roadside safety structure. Limitations in the ability of existing material models to accurately capture concrete fracture and failure led to some simplifying assumptions regarding the model of the connection. Nonetheless, the simulations assisted in the impact performance evaluation of the existing and modified designs. During the project, several retrofit connection designs were conceptualized for the objective of reducing dynamic barrier deflections. TxDOT engineers and TTI researchers developed these design modifications jointly. When developing these retrofit design options, factors such as impact performance, cost, ease of field installation, and aesthetics were considered. Three full-scale crash tests were performed to evaluate the safety performance of the selected barrier systems. The purpose of the testing was to assess compliance of the grid-slot portable concrete barrier (PCB) with NCHRP Report 350 and examine alternatives for reducing dynamic deflection. The tests were performed in the order of the cost effectiveness of the barrier modifications to investigate the relative improvement in crash performance. All three crash tests satisfied NCHRP Report 350 evaluation criteria. Although each barrier configuration met NCHRP Report 350 guidelines, researchers observed variations in performance associated with the different connection details.
Relationship between Remaining Solvent and Acid Diffusion in Chemically Amplified Deep Ultraviolet Resists (1996)

For clarification of the diffusion path of photogenerated acid in the resist film, the prebake temperature dependence and tert -butoxycarbonyl ( t -BOC) blocking level dependence on acid diffusion were investigated for chemically amplified deep ultraviolet (DUV) positive resists. The resists consisted of a t -BOC protected polystyrene base resin and a 2,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonic acid derivative as a photoacid generator (PAG). The concentration of remaining solvent in the resist film decreased as the prebake temperature or t -BOC blocking level increased. The acid diffusion coefficient was almost independent of exposure dose; however, it decreased with increasing prebake temperature or blocking level. Therefore, it was considered that the concentration of remaining solvent in the resist film corresponds to one of the acid diffusion paths. Moreover, hydrophilic OH sites, whose concentration was the reciprocal of the blocking level, were also considered to correspond to a diffusion path in the polymer matrix, based on the fact that the acid diffusion length increased gradually with decreasing t -BOC blocking level, even when the solvent concentration remained constant. Based on the experimental analysis results, the existence of two diffusion paths, as well as of explicit relationships among the remaining solvent, t -BOC blocking level and acid diffusion length was confirmed.