gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial oxidation of methane over oxide catalysts. Comments on the reaction mechanism (1989)

A detailed investigation of the partial oxidation of methane to ethane and ethene is described. In particular a range of oxidants (O2, N2O, O3) have been reacted with a series of catalysts (MgO, Li/MgO, La2O3, Li/La2O3, Sm2O3 and Li/Sm2O3) and these studies have been utilized to investigate the reaction mechanism. Methane oxidation at conversions of ca. 1 % have indicated that ethene as well as ethane is a primary reaction product, but at higher conversions the major fraction of the ethene formed is via oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane in a secondary reaction. Based on this study a reaction mechanism is proposed and discussed. In line with previous studies the results from used of N2O as oxidant confirm that O–(s) is the oxidising species responsible for CH˙3 formation, from CH4, which on dimerisation yields ethane. In addition it is proposed that primary formation of ethene results from the interaction of methane with a different surface oxygen species (e.g. O2–2(s)). The oxides studied, which can be considered as broadly representative of the wide range of oxides utilised as catalysts, become active only at high temperatures ( 700 °C) and at such temperatures the gas phase nature of the overall reaction is dominant. The consequences of this observation are discussed with respect to the design of improved catalysts.
In Vivo US Monitoring of Catheter-based Vascular Delivery of Gene Microspheres in Pigs: Feasibility (2003)

In this study, the authors tested the feasibility of using ultrasonography (US) to monitor catheter-based vascular gene microsphere delivery. Polymeric biodegradable microspheres (mean diameter, 5 microm) were prepared by using a double-emulsion technique to encapsulate DNA-plasmid-encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) genes. With use of gene-delivery catheters, GFP microspheres were locally delivered into the left femoral arterial walls of six pigs; the contralateral arteries were not infused with microspheres and thus served as negative control vessels. The delivery procedures were monitored with high-frequency (8-15-MHz) transducer US. The effectiveness of monitoring with US was compared with the effectiveness of monitoring with immunohistochemical anti-GFP staining. A highly echogenic "star burst" sign around the entire vessel wall was seen at US and correlated with immunohistochemical findings that showed the destination of the gene microspheres. Study results demonstrate the potential of US for monitoring catheter-based vascular gene microsphere delivery in vivo.
Direct measurement of chromatin diffusion and constraint in living cells using a gfp-lac repressor fusion protein (1996)

The polymer dynamics of interphase chromatin is at present a poorly understood aspect of nuclear organization, but one with profound consequences on events within the nucleus. The rates of many important processes, such as meiotic homolog pairing, site-specific recombination, and chromatin condensation, all involve the motion of chromatin within the nucleus. How fast can such rearrangements occur? Because interphase chromatin is likely to behave as a tangle of random-walk polymers, there is likely to be a substantial hindrance to diffusion. Therefore, the rate at which a given site on a chromosome can diffuse within the nucleus may limit the rate at which events requiring chromatin motion can occur. Furthermore, the polymer physics of interphase chromatin is an interesting line of theoretical research in its own right, and knowledge of diffusion rates is an important experimental parameter to consider when evaluating physical models. Finally, a fundamental aspect of nuclear architecture is the extent to which chromatin is anchored to a nuclear skeleton. Such matrix attachments would result in constrained diffusion, which can be detected by analysis of chromatin motion.
The two soluble forms of the lipopolysaccharide receptor, CD14: Characterization and release by normal human monocytes (1994)

CD14, a glycolipid-anchored membrane glycoprotein, acts as a high affinity lipopolysaccharide receptor on leukocytes. We previously reported that the Mono-Mac-6 cell line releases two different soluble forms of CD14 (sCD14) (Labeta et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 1993. 23: 2144). Here we show that the two sCD14, which we now refer to as sCD14 alpha (low M(r)) and sCD14 beta (high M(r)), are also synthesized and released by normal human monocytes and present in normal plasma. Their mechanism of release was examined by using the Mono-Mac-6 cell line, chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO)/CD14+ transfectants and plasma from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients. It was found that: (1) sCD14 beta is released faster than sCD14 alpha and that the release of the latter is a lengthy process. (2) Monensin blocked the biosynthesis of membrane-bound CD14 (mCD14) and sCD14, additionally, a 50-kDa CD14 polypeptide accumulated in the cell lysate, suggesting that the different forms of CD14 may have a common precursor. (3) Monensin also blocked the release of sCD14 alpha from surface-labeled cells, suggesting that conversion of mCD14 to sCD14 alpha involves a mechanism of endocytosis followed by exocytosis. Interestingly, (4) sCD14 alpha and sCD14 beta were detected in PNH plasma, indicating that sCD14 alpha may also derive from an endogenous pathway. (5) Phospholipase C-released CD14 was identical in size to mCD14, thus differed from sCD14 beta by approximately 2000, indicating that release of sCD14 beta involves further processing. (6) CHO cells transfected with a CD14 cDNA coding for an eight C-terminal amino acids shorter product released an sCD14 beta-like form; thus absence of the eight C-terminal amino acids prevented mCD14 expression but not the secretion of sCD14 beta. The characterization of sCD14 alpha and sCD14 beta reported here may be useful for better understanding of variations in sCD14 levels in pathological conditions and the contribution of each sCD14 in sepsis and other, as yet unknown functions.
Preparation and Characterization of Mg‐Zr Mixed Oxide Aerogels and Their Application as Aldol Condensation Catalysts (2012)

Abstract A series of Mg‐Zr mixed oxides with different nominal Mg/ (Mg+Zr) atomic ratios, namely 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.85, and 1, is prepared by alcogel methodology and fundamental insights into the phases obtained and resulting active sites are studied. Characterization is performed by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, and thermal and chemical analysis. Cubic Mg x Zr 1− x O 2− x solid solution, which results from the dissolution of Mg 2+ cations within the cubic ZrO 2 structure, is the main phase detected for the solids with theoretical Mg/ (Mg+Zr) atomic ratio ≤0.4. In contrast, the cubic periclase ( c ‐MgO) phase derived from hydroxynitrates or hydroxy precursors predominates in the solid with Mg/(Mg+Zr)=0.85. c ‐MgO is also incipiently detected in samples with Mg/(Mg+Zr)=0.2 and 0.4, but in these solids the c ‐MgO phase mostly arises from the segregation of Mg atoms out of the alcogel‐derived c ‐Mg x Zr 1− x O 2− x phase during the calcination process, and therefore the species c ‐MgO and c ‐Mg x Zr 1− x O 2− x are in close contact. Regarding the intrinsic activity in furfural–acetone aldol condensation in the aqueous phase, these MgOZr sites located at the interface between c ‐Mg x Zr 1− x O 2− x and segregated c ‐MgO display a much larger intrinsic activity than the other noninterface sites that are present in these catalysts: MgOMg sites on c ‐MgO and MgOZr sites on c ‐Mg x Zr 1− x O 2− x . The very active MgOZr sites rapidly deactivate in the furfural–acetone condensation due to the leaching of active phases, deposition of heavy hydrocarbonaceous compounds, and hydration of the c ‐MgO phase. Nonetheless, these Mg‐Zr materials with very high specific surface areas would be suitable solid catalysts for other relevant reactions catalyzed by strong basic sites in nonaqueous environments.
Convergence performance and EXIT analysis of 4-state partially-systematic Turbo codes (2008)

The error-rate performance of punctured turbo codes may be significantly improved by puncturing data symbols as well as parity symbols, yielding partially-systematic turbo codes (PSTCs). In this paper, it is shown that relatively simple 4-state PSTCs are able to achieve convergence (i.e., waterfall) performance that is 0.26 dB from the binary channel capacity limit at rate 1/2 and 0.18 dB from the limit at rate 8/9. It is also demonstrated that extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts do not accurately predict convergence performance for 4-state PSTCs.
Microscale electrostatic fractional capacitors using reduced graphene oxide percolated polymer composites (2013)

We show that graphene-percolated polymer composites exhibit fractional capacitance response in the frequency range of 50 kHz–2 MHz. In addition, it is shown that by varying the loading of graphene within the matrix from 2.5% to 12%, the phase can be controllably tuned from −67° to −31°, respectively. The electrostatic fractional capacitors proposed herein are easy to fabricate and offer integration capability on electronic printed circuit boards.
297 Manufacture of KSQ-001, a CRISPR/Cas9-engineered TIL (eTIL) therapy, for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by frequent immune infiltration and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In recent years, adoptive cell therapy with ex vivo expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has shown clinical efficacy among HNSCC patients (pts), although the durability of responses to TIL therapy remains limited. To address this issue, we developed KSQ-001, a novel engineered TIL (eTIL) product with CRISPR/Cas9 mediated inactivation of <i>SOCS1</i> gene. This gene was identified as a top target for enhancing T cell anti-tumor potency and persistence in vivo from our genome-wide CRISPRomics screens. <h3>Methods</h3> Viably cryopreserved primary tumors and/or metastatic lymph nodes (mLN) from HNSCC pts were processed into small fragments and cultured in the presence of IL-2 through the pre-Rapid Expansion Protocol (pre-REP). TILs were then electroporated with ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex containing the SOCS1-targeting guide RNA (gRNA). Following electroporation, engineered TIL (KSQ-001), and an unengineered control TIL were expanded under the REP. Both KSQ-001 and control TIL were harvested on day 27 and cryopreserved. SOCS1 editing in KSQ-001 was assessed by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The phenotypic characteristics and functionality of thawed KSQ-001 drug product from HNSCC tumors were assessed by flow cytometry, TCR sequencing, <i>in vitro</i> functional assays, and in <i>in vivo</i> models. <h3>Results</h3> KSQ-001 was successfully manufactured from 7/8 (88%) of HNSCC tumors with an average of 2000-fold post-electroporation expansion at the REP phase and an average of 95.2% editing at the SOCS1 locus as assessed by NGS. KSQ-001 from all donors showed levels of TCR diversity similar to those of the matched unedited TIL, and displayed hypersensitivity to IL-12 with elevated pSTAT4 levels upon stimulation. In comparison to donor-matched TIL, KSQ-001 showed greater cytotoxicity and enhanced IFNγ production against 3D tumor spheroids <i>in vitro</i>. Further, after infusion into immunocompromised mice, KSQ-001 was detected in circulation at a significantly higher level than control TIL at 7-days post infusion, suggesting hyperresponsiveness to IL-2 and greater persistence <i>in vivo</i>. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We demonstrated feasibility and robust manufacture of KSQ-001, a SOCS1-edited eTIL product, from HNSCC tumors at clinical scale. KSQ-001 from HNSCC tumors consistently displayed enhanced functional potency while retaining a highly diverse TCR repertoire. These data provide a compelling rationale for evaluating KSQ-001 as a therapeutic strategy for patients with HNSCC.
Fracture surface analysis of dental ceramics: clinically failed restorations. (1991)

Fractography was used to study all-ceramic restorations that had failed clinically. Some basic tenets of fracture mechanics and fractography are reviewed and related to the examination of clinically failed all-ceramic restorations. Dicor and Cerestore restorations that had failed either at trial placement or 17 to 36 months postcementation were evaluated. Failed Dicor restorations were studied to determine the origin of failure and calculate the intraoral stress at failure. Descriptive information regarding crack origin and crack path were obtained from failed restorations constructed of first-generation Cerestore. A majority of the crowns apparently failed from the internal surface, indicating this as the highest tensile surface and/or the location of the largest flaws. Flaws were identified as being related to fabrication or inherent in the ceramic microstructure.
The effect of dissolved chlorides on the photocatalytic degradation properties of titania in wastewater treatment (2023)

We investigate the effect of chlorides on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol by titania polymorphs (anatase and rutile). We demonstrate how solubilised chlorides can affect the hydroxyl radical formation on both polymorphs with an overall effect on their photodegradative activity. Initially, the photocatalytic activity of anatase and rutile for phenol degradation is investigated in both standard water and brines. With anatase, a significant reduction of the phenol conversion rate is observed (from a pseudo-first-order rate constant <i>k</i> = 5.3 × 10<sup>-3</sup> min<sup>-1</sup> to <i>k</i> = 3.5 × 10<sup>-3</sup> min<sup>-1</sup>). In contrast, the presence of solubilised chlorides results in enhancement of rutile activity under the same reaction conditions (from 2.3 × 10<sup>-3</sup> min<sup>-1</sup> to 4.8 × 10<sup>-3</sup> min<sup>-1</sup>). Periodic DFT methods are extensively employed and we show that after the generation of charge separation in the modelled titania systems, adsorbed chlorides are the preferential site for partial hole localisation, although small energy differences are computed between partially localised hole densities over adsorbed chloride or hydroxyl. Moreover, chlorides can reduce or inhibit the ability of r-TiO<sub>2</sub> (110) and a-TiO<sub>2</sub> (101) systems to localise polarons in the slab structure. These results indicate that both mechanisms - hole scavenging and the inhibition of hole localisation - can be the origin of the effect of chlorides on photocatalytic activity of both titania polymorphs. These results provide fundamental insight into the photocatalytic properties of titania polymorphs and elucidate the effect of adsorbed anions over radical formation and oxidative decomposition of organic pollutants.
Phosphorylation Stoichiometries of Human Eukaryotic Initiation Factors (2014)

Eukaryotic translation initiation factors are the principal molecular effectors regulating the process converting nucleic acid to functional protein. Commonly referred to as eIFs (eukaryotic initiation factors), this suite of proteins is comprised of at least 25 individual subunits that function in a coordinated, regulated, manner during mRNA translation. Multiple facets of eIF regulation have yet to be elucidated; however, many of the necessary protein factors are phosphorylated. Herein, we have isolated, identified and quantified phosphosites from eIF2, eIF3, and eIF4G generated from log phase grown HeLa cell lysates. Our investigation is the first study to globally quantify eIF phosphosites and illustrates differences in abundance of phosphorylation between the residues of each factor. Thus, identification of those phosphosites that exhibit either high or low levels of phosphorylation under log phase growing conditions may aid researchers to concentrate their investigative efforts to specific phosphosites that potentially harbor important regulatory mechanisms germane to mRNA translation.
Improvements of self-assembly properties via homopolymer addition or block-copolymer blends (2014)

The properties of cylindrical poly(styrene-b-methylmethacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) BCPs self-assembly in thinfilms are studied when the pure BCPs are blended either with a homopolymer or with another cylindrical PS-b-PMMA based BCP. For both of these approaches, we show that the period of the self-assembled features can be easily tuned and controlled, and that the final material presents interesting characteristics, such as the possibility to achieve thicker defects-free films, as compared to pure block-copolymers having the same period. Moreover, a statistical defectivity study based on a Delaunay triangulation and Voronoi analysis of the self-assemblies made with the different blends is described, and prove that despite their high value of polydispersity index, these blends exhibit also improved selfassembly properties (bigger monocrystalline arrangements and enhanced kinetics of defects annihilation) as compared to pure and monodisperse block-copolymers. Finally, the behavior of the blends is also compared to the ones their pure counter-part in templated approach like the contact-hole shrink to evaluate their respective process-window and response toward this physical constrain for lithographic applications.
In search of the political middle‐ground in South Africa (1982)

Abstract This paper is based upon the premise that the containment of violent conflict and the maintenance of political stability in South Africa is fundamentally dependent upon the degree to which political reformists comprehend and are able to harness the social forces, the basic grassroots dynamics, the undercurrents and flows which constitute the life‐blood of politics. It is submitted that if reform in South Africa is to be of any inability or legitimacy, attention must be given to the dynamics of the political process which arise from the interaction of social forces and groups in a community and that there is a large area of common, and even identical interests, which should be identified. This in direct contrast to the traditional emphasis in South Africa on the all encompassing political system imposed from above.
Supplementary Data Table S1 from Selective Vulnerability to Pyrimidine Starvation in Hematologic Malignancies Revealed by AG-636, a Novel Clinical-Stage Inhibitor of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway metabolites, p-value and fold change&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of fuel additives study : final report (1974)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/7775/5/bad2286.0001.001.pdf
Cannabis Use and Reduced Risk of Insulin Resistance in HIV-HCV Infected Patients: A Longitudinal Analysis (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH) (2015)

Cannabis use is associated with a lower IR risk in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients. The benefits of cannabis-based pharmacotherapies for patients concerned with increased risk of IR and diabetes need to be evaluated in clinical research and practice.
Igusa class polynomials, embeddings of quartic CM fields, and arithmetic intersection theory (2011)

Bruinier and Yang conjectured a formula for an intersection number on the arithmetic Hilbert modular surface, CM(K).T_m, where CM(K) is the zero-cycle of points corresponding to abelian surfaces with CM by a primitive quartic CM field K, and T_m is the Hirzebruch-Zagier divisors parameterizing products of elliptic curves with an m-isogeny between them. In this paper, we examine fields not covered by Yang's proof of the conjecture. We give numerical evidence to support the conjecture and point to some interesting anomalies. We compare the conjecture to both the denominators of Igusa class polynomials and the number of solutions to the embedding problem stated by Goren and Lauter.
Recent progress in enzymatic resolution and desymmetrization of pharmaceuticals and their intermediates. (2000)

The literature is surveyed from mid-1998 through to August 2000 for examples of the resolution or desymmetrization of existing/potential pharmaceutical entities and pharmaceutical intermediates, and of chiral building blocks for pharmaceutical manufacture. Examples of commercial interest are included with new developments in the art of resolution.
The E3 architecture: enabling future cellular networks with cognitive and self‐x capabilities (2010)

Abstract Future mobile networks are expected to be complex heterogeneous systems. On the one hand this will enable users to take advantage of a number of different access technologies. On the other hand it will seriously affect network management procedures since more extensive operations and decisions will have to be dealt with. To tackle these challenges a number of new dynamic mechanisms need to be designed. It is imperative that certain network management tasks have to be performed without human intervention to reduce the OPEX costs and achieve faster responses in different events. To achieve this goal, the introduction of self‐x functionalities, combined with cognitive mechanisms and the ability to reconfigure network entities and terminals, is required. Moreover, the introduction of a new pilot channel needs to be considered to assist the terminals in selecting the most suitable radio access technology according to their requirements. We present the functional architecture of an evolved network that was designed in the context of the EU‐funded IP project ‘E 3 : End‐to‐End Efficiency’. This architecture aims to enhance existing procedures usually performed in traditional operation and maintenance systems (e.g. spectrum management, network planning, configuration actions). We explain the rationale of our design and provide specific examples to illustrate the role of the different functional entities and their interfaces. A considerable part of this architecture has recently been approved as a feasibility study by the ETSI Committee Reconfigurable Radio System. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and Modeling of SiC LTJFET for Analog Integrated Circuit Simulation and Design (2009)

The design of analog integrated circuits, for instance, the operational amplifiers, have been widely perfected with devices and processes available in silicon. However, analogous circuits have been the subject of research in Silicon Carbide (SiC). Among SiC devices, 4H-SiC Lateral-Trench JFET (LTJFET) transistor offers advantages and new opportunities to make affordable and reliable analog integrated circuits for harsh environment. In this paper: (1) SiC LTJFET is characterized for modeling and simulation, (2) effect of temperature variation on SiC LTJFET threshold voltage and small signal parameters are reported, (3) gain performance and small signal parameters of the basic analog circuit block, Common Source (CS) amplifier, based on the variation of the load transistors threshold voltage (Vth) are studied and analyzed, and (4) frequency and transient response of the cascoded CS amplifier (CS-Cas) are reported.