gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low bandwidth eye tracker for scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (2012)

The incorporation of adaptive optics to scanning ophthalmoscopes (AOSOs) has allowed for in vivo, noninvasive imaging of the human rod and cone photoreceptor mosaics. Light safety restrictions and power limitations of the current low-coherence light sources available for imaging result in each individual raw image having a low signal to noise ratio (SNR). To date, the only approach used to increase the SNR has been to collect large number of raw images (N &gt;50), to register them to remove the distortions due to involuntary eye motion, and then to average them. The large amplitude of involuntary eye motion with respect to the AOSO field of view (FOV) dictates that an even larger number of images need to be collected at each retinal location to ensure adequate SNR over the feature of interest. Compensating for eye motion during image acquisition to keep the feature of interest within the FOV could reduce the number of raw frames required per retinal feature, therefore significantly reduce the imaging time, storage requirements, post-processing times and, more importantly, subject's exposure to light. In this paper, we present a particular implementation of an AOSO, termed the adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) equipped with a simple eye tracking system capable of compensating for eye drift by estimating the eye motion from the raw frames and by using a tip-tilt mirror to compensate for it in a closed-loop. Multiple control strategies were evaluated to minimize the image distortion introduced by the tracker itself. Also, linear, quadratic and Kalman filter motion prediction algorithms were implemented and tested and tested using both simulated motion (sinusoidal motion with varying frequencies) and human subjects. The residual displacement of the retinal features was used to compare the performance of the different correction strategies and prediction methods.
The Epidemiology of Sexual Dysfunctions (2007)

Progress has been made concerning both the number and quality of epidemiologic prevalence studies in sexual medicine; however, there is a paucity of studies of the incidence of these conditions. Because reliable incidence data are critical for prevention and treatment planning, the design and execution of the incidence trials should become a high priority for the field. In addition, repeated calls for the development of a new systematic and integrated diagnostic system in sexual medicine were also evident, because of the perception by many that the imprecision of our current diagnostic system represents the "rate-limiting step" for the epidemiology of the field. The review suggests that although much has been accomplished in the past 15-20 years, much remains to be done.
Innovative Technologies for Maskless Lithography and Non-Conventional Patterning (2008)

Abstract : Collaborative research was conducted by the faculty known as the Lithography Network. This network brings together world class researchers over a broad set of technology areas essential to the success of maskless lithography and non-conventional patterning. The primary faculty by task is listed below: Task 1: Electron Beam Technology for Maskless Lithography, Professor R. Fabian Pease (Coordinator); Task 2: Spatial Light Modulators for Maskless lithography, Professor Olav Solgaard (Coordinator); Professor Andrew Neureuther; Task 3: Maskless Droplet-On-Demand (DoD) Systems. Professor Vivek Subramanian (Coordinator), Professor Jeffrey Bokhor; Task 4: Advanced Materials for Maskless Lithography, Professor C. Grant Willson (Coordinator), Professor Jean Frechet; Task 5: Characterization of Nanoscale Phenomena for Maskless Lithography, Professor Andrew R. Neureuther (Coordinator); Task 6: Data Compression and Path Issues for Maskless Lithography, Professor Avideh Zakhor (Coordinator).
Visualization of the type III secretion sorting platform of Shigella flexneri (2015)

Bacterial type III secretion machines are widely used to inject virulence proteins into eukaryotic host cells. These secretion machines are evolutionarily related to bacterial flagella and consist of a large cytoplasmic complex, a transmembrane basal body, and an extracellular needle. The cytoplasmic complex forms a sorting platform essential for effector selection and needle assembly, but it remains largely uncharacterized. Here we use high-throughput cryoelectron tomography (cryo-ET) to visualize intact machines in a virulent Shigella flexneri strain genetically modified to produce minicells capable of interaction with host cells. A high-resolution in situ structure of the intact machine determined by subtomogram averaging reveals the cytoplasmic sorting platform, which consists of a central hub and six spokes, with a pod-like structure at the terminus of each spoke. Molecular modeling of wild-type and mutant machines allowed us to propose a model of the sorting platform in which the hub consists mainly of a hexamer of the Spa47 ATPase, whereas the MxiN protein comprises the spokes and the Spa33 protein forms the pods. Multiple contacts among those components are essential to align the Spa47 ATPase with the central channel of the MxiA protein export gate to form a unique nanomachine. The molecular architecture of the Shigella type III secretion machine and its sorting platform provide the structural foundation for further dissecting the mechanisms underlying type III secretion and pathogenesis and also highlight the major structural distinctions from bacterial flagella.
A visual analytics system for radio frequency fingerprinting-based localization (2009)

Radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting-based techniques for localization are a promising approach for ubiquitous positioning systems, particularly indoors. By finding unique fingerprints of RF signals received at different locations within a predefined area beforehand, whenever a similar fingerprint is subsequently seen again, the localization system will be able to infer a user's current location. However, developers of these systems face the problem of finding reliable RF fingerprints that are unique enough and adequately stable over time. We present a visual analytics system that enables developers of these localization systems to visually gain insight on whether their collected datasets and chosen fingerprint features have the necessary properties to enable a reliable RF fingerprinting-based localization system. The system was evaluated by testing and debugging an existing localization system.
Flexible solar cells in milliseconds: Pulse Thermal Processing of CdTe devices (2011)

Materials for a CdTe solar cell (ITO/CdS/CdTe/Cu/Pt) were sputtered at room temperature onto kapton, then transformed from resistive layers into a working solar cell by Pulse Thermal Processing (PTP), a novel radiant heat treatment developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Unlike conventional device fabrication approaches, the solar cell was a complete device, front-to-back contact, prior to heat treatment. In this proof-of-concept approach, the I-V curves for the as-deposited sputtered materials demonstrate little measurable photovoltaic (PV) activity, but achieved a V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> of 634 mV after PTP. Based on process simulations, it's estimated that the material/device transformation occurred in under 30 ms, while maintaining the kapton substate at temperatures below 250 °C.
Growth Factor Activity of Endothelin-1 in Primary Astrocytes Mediated by Adhesion-Dependent and -Independent Pathways (1997)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been shown to induce DNA synthesis in primary astrocytes by stimulating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. To clarify the mechanisms responsible for the anchorage-dependent growth of astrocytes, the relationships between cell adhesion and ERK activation were investigated. Here it is reported that ET-1 promotes the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions and the tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin, as well as Src activation and association of phosphorylated FAK with Grb2. Pretreatment of astrocytes with cytochalasin D or C3-transferase, which inhibits actin polymerization or Rho activity, respectively, prevented the activation/phosphorylation of Src, FAK, and paxillin after ET-1 stimulation; by contrast, the ERK pathway was not significantly affected. This differential activation of FAK/Src and ERK pathways was also observed with astrocytes 10 and 60 min after replating on poly-L-ornithine-precoated dishes. Collectively, these findings indicate that activation of FAK and Src is dependent on actin cytoskeleton integrity, Rho activation, and adhesion to extracellular matrix, whereas ERK activation is independent of these intracellular events and seems to correlate with activation of the newly identified protein tyrosine kinase PYK2. Induction of DNA synthesis by ET-1, however, was reduced dramatically in astrocytes pretreated with either cytochalasin D or C3-transferase. This study provides a demonstration of Rho- and adhesion-dependent activation of FAK/Src, which collaborates with adhesion-independent activation of PYK2/ERK for DNA synthesis in ET-1-stimulated astrocytes.
Tolerability and Safety of a Calcium Channel Blocker in Comparison with a Diuretic in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Hypertension: Secondary Analysis of the NICS-EH. (2001)

A randomized prospective controlled study, the National Interventional Cooperative Study in Elderly Hypertensives (NICS-EH), previously demonstrated that the preventive effect of the long-acting calcium channel blocker nicardipine on the cardiovascular endpoint was similar to that of the diuretic, trichlormethiazide. The present report is a sub-analysis in which we compare the tolerability and safety of the calcium channel blocker with that of a diuretic in the long-term treatment of elderly hypertensives. A total of 429 elderly patients with hypertension were assigned to the nicardipine group or the diuretic group by the double-dummy method and were followed up for 5 years. Two hundred four patients in the nicardipine group and 210 patients in the diuretic group were analyzed. The incidences of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular (CV) events in the two groups were comparable, and there was no significant difference in the cumulative event-free rate. However, the total incidence of adverse reactions, including non-CV events and unfavorable BP changes, was 31 cases (15.2%) in the nicardipine group, which was significantly lower than the 47 cases (22.4%) in the diuretic group (log-rank: p=0.026, G. Wilcoxon: p=0.01). The total number of medical endpoints, including CV events, the withdrawal of the patient from the study, was 52 (25.5%) in the nicardipine group, which was significantly lower than the 65 (31.0%) in the diuretic group (log-rank: p=0.078, G. Wilcoxon: p=0.044). It was concluded that sustained-release nicardipine is better tolerated, as it exhibits a lower incidence of medical-related withdrawals such as adverse drug reactions, non-cardiovascular events and unfavorable BP responses during the treatment.
An Open Letter to Elias Zerhouni (2005)

The NIH peer-review process and NIH investments in research on microbial physiology, genetics, and pathogenesis have made possible remarkable advances in science and public health and have underpinned the development of recombinant DNA technology and the biotechnology industry.

However, the NIH
Fair Watermarking Using Combinatorial Isolation Lemmas (2004)

Watermarking is one of the most effective mechanisms for intellectual property protection (IPP) of hardware and software artifacts. Numerous watermarking-based IPP techniques have been proposed that satisfy a spectrum of IPP desiderata, including full preservation of functionality, low timing, area and power overhead, transparency to the synthesis and compilation process, and resilience against attacks. Two objectives that are very important, but, until now have not yet been properly addressed, are credibility and fairness. We present a new watermarking technique that specifically targets credibility and fairness. Using a combinatorial result by Valiant and Vazirani, we demonstrate how these two desiderata can be achieved during the watermarking of a satisfiability (SAT) instance. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated on both specially created examples, where the number of solutions is known, as well as on common computer-aided design and operational research SAT benchmark instances.
Search for third generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV with the ATLAS detector (2013)

A bstract A search for pair-produced third generation scalar leptoquarks is presented, using proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV at the LHC. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb −1 . Each leptoquark is assumed to decay to a tau lepton and a b -quark with a branching fraction equal to 100%. No statistically significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Third generation leptoquarks are therefore excluded at 95% confidence level for masses less than 534GeV.
A novel conformation of RNA polymerase sheds light on the mechanism of transcription (2011)

Transcription is a complicated, multistep process requiring stringent control. Its accuracy may be achieved in part by the conformational changes of RNA polymerase (RNAP). Here, we discuss the functional relevance of the recently reported conformational changes of RNAP, which may affect transcription control, RNAP translocation and transcription termination.
Interimreport 2 for the project on natural formation, degradation and occurrence of methyltins in different habitats. : Common project betweenRohm and Haas, former Morton Plastics Additive (MPA), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA and the Department of Water and Environmental Studies (DWES), Linköping Univeristy, Sweden. (2000)

Interimreport 2 for the project on natural formation, degradation and occurrence of methyltins in different habitats. : Common project betweenRohm and Haas, former Morton Plastics Additive (MPA), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA and the Department of Water and Environmental Studies (DWES), Linkoping Univeristy, Sweden.
Imparting Size, Shape, and Composition Control of Materials for Nanomedicine (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Medición cuantitativa de la protección del trabajador como percepción conjunta de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional en una empresa del sector gráfico y publicitario en Lima-Perú, 2021 (2022)

La empresa objeto de estudio presenta deficiencias en su Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional (SG-SSO). El objetivo de este estudio es determinar qué factores de un SG-SSO se relacionan con la protección del trabajador. Para este estudio descriptivo y correlacional con diseño no experimental transversal, se recolectó data por medio de una encuesta dirigida a 46 trabajadores en junio 2020. El resultado determinó que existen 27 riesgos laborales en las actividades que afectan la protección del trabajador y a la empresa; además, se determinó un índice de la protección del trabajador (IPT) de 68%, el cual fue relacionado con factores significativos del SG-SSO. Se concluye que las medidas de control sobre ambiente de trabajo seguro, limpieza y mantenimiento y áreas comunes disponibles son las más significativas que en relación con la protección del trabajador al reducir los peligros, los riesgos laborales, los accidentes y las enfermedades. Se recomienda establecer estrategias para incentivar el compromiso y participación del trabajador.
High‐Efficiency Blue and White Organic Light‐Emitting Devices Incorporating a Blue Iridium Carbene Complex (2010)

A blue iridium carbene complex realizes high-efficiency blue and white OLEDs (see figure). For a blue OLED, ηp,max is recorded to be 35.9 lm W−1. For a white OLED, ηp,max and ηp,1000 are measured to be 59.9 lm W−1 and 43.3 lm W−1, respectively, without any light-outcoupling enhancement. This white OLED also shows an illumination-acceptable CRI over 80. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Luteinization of porcine preovulatory follicles leads to systematic changes in follicular gene expression (2006)

The LH surge initiates the luteinization of preovulatory follicles and causes hormonal and structural changes that ultimately lead to ovulation and the formation of corpora lutea. The objective of the study was to examine gene expression in ovarian follicles (n = 11) collected from pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) approaching estrus (estrogenic preovulatory follicle; n = 6 follicles from two sows) and in ovarian follicles collected from pigs on the second day of estrus (preovulatory follicles that were luteinized but had not ovulated; n = 5 follicles from two sows). The follicular status within each follicle was confirmed by follicular fluid analyses of estradiol and progesterone ratios. Microarrays were made from expressed sequence tags that were isolated from cDNA libraries of porcine ovary. Gene expression was measured by hybridization of fluorescently labeled cDNA (preovulatory estrogenic or -luteinized) to the microarray. Microarray analyses detected 107 and 43 genes whose expression was decreased or increased (respectively) during the transition from preovulatory estrogenic to -luteinized (P<0.01). Cells within preovulatory estrogenic follicles had a gene-expression profile of proliferative and metabolically active cells that were responding to oxidative stress. Cells within preovulatory luteinized follicles had a gene-expression profile of nonproliferative and migratory cells with angiogenic properties. Approximately, 40% of the discovered genes had unknown function.
Molecular and Immunohistochemical Characterization Reveals Novel BRAF Mutations in Metanephric Adenoma (2015)

Metanephric adenoma (MA) is a rare benign renal tumor comprised of a neoplastic proliferation of primitive metanephric tubular cells. A previous study identified BRAF V600E mutations in approximately 90% of MA and found that similar BRAF exon 15 mutations are exceedingly rare in other common renal tumors, including renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma. A recent follow-up study has validated mutation-specific immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detection of BRAF V600E mutations in a small cohort of MA. Here, we extend these findings to a larger, independent cohort of MA, demonstrating an overall 88% sensitivity and 100% specificity for BRAF V600E IHC. In addition, we report 2 cases of MA with novel BRAF exon 15 mutations, including a V600D missense mutation and a compound V600D and K601L missense mutation. Finally, we evaluate BRAF V600E IHC in a large tissue microarray cohort of common renal tumors and find no significant expression in several renal cell carcinoma subtypes. These data support a role for BRAF V600E IHC in diagnostically challenging cases of MA and expand the spectrum of BRAF exon 15 mutations in this uncommon but unique renal neoplasm.
Differential inhibition of macrophage microbicidal activity by liposomes (1985)

In vitro culture of murine resident peritoneal macrophages with lymphokine (LK)-rich leukocyte culture fluids induces enhanced microbicidal activity against amastigotes of the protozoan parasite Leishmania tropica. Macrophages infected with Leishmania and treated with LKs after infection acquire the capacity to kill the intracellular parasite within 72 h. When compared with control macrophage cultures treated with medium lacking LKs, 80 to 90% fewer macrophages treated with LKs contained amastigotes. In experiments designed to test liposome delivery of LKs to infected macrophages, addition of multilamellar liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine (molar ratio, 7:3) completely abrogated LK-induced microbicidal activity. Liposomes containing only phosphatidylcholine were not inhibitory. Inhibition of LK activity by the liposomes occurred regardless of whether the liposomes contained LKs. Liposomal inhibition of activated macrophage effector activity was limited to intracellular killing; LK-induced macrophage extracellular cytolysis (i.e., tumor cytotoxicity) was not affected by liposome treatment. These data indicate that elucidation of the effects of liposome composition on acquired host defense mechanisms may be useful for the design of drug delivery systems that allow expression or augmentation of immunologically induced mechanisms for the intracellular destruction of infectious agents.
End-to-End Speech Translation for Code Switched Speech (2022)

Code switching (CS) refers to the phenomenon of interchangeably using words and phrases from different languages. CS can pose significant accuracy challenges to NLP, due to the often monolingual nature of the underlying systems. In this work, we focus on CS in the context of English/Spanish conversations for the task of speech translation (ST), generating and evaluating both transcript and translation. To evaluate model performance on this task, we create a novel ST corpus derived from existing public data sets. We explore various ST architectures across two dimensions: cascaded (transcribe then translate) vs end-to-end (jointly transcribe and translate) and unidirectional (source -&gt; target) vs bidirectional (source target). We show that our ST architectures, and especially our bidirectional end-to-end architecture, perform well on CS speech, even when no CS training data is used.
Methylaluminoxane as an Alternative for BArF in the Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Imines (2011)

An ionic revolution? BArF has been the anion of choice for iridium-catalyzed imine hydrogenation; however, for large-scale production its use may be too costly. Methylaluminoxane (MAO) can be used instead in conjunction with [{Ir(COD)Cl}2], although enantioselectivities are somewhat lower than with BArF if 50–500 eq. of MAO are used.
Highly Luminescent Covalently Linked Silicon Nanocrystal/Polystyrene Hybrid Functional Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Processability (2013)

Silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) have received much attention because of their exquisitely tunable photoluminescent response, biocompatibility, and the promise that they may supplant their CdSe quantum dot counterparts in many practical applications. One attractive strategy that promises to extend and even enhance the utility of SiNCs is their incorporation into NC/polymer hybrids. Unfortunately, methods employed to prepare hybrid materials of this type from traditional compound semiconductor (e.g., CdSe) quantum dots are not directly transferable to SiNCs because of stark differences in surface chemistry. Herein, the preparation of chemically resistant SiNC/polystyrene hybrids exhibiting exquisitely tunable photoluminescence is reported and material processability is demonstrated by preparing micro and nanoscale architectures.