gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical stability of steel, Ti, and Cu current collectors in water-in-salt electrolyte for green batteries and supercapacitors (2020)

Abstract The electrochemical behaviour of steel, copper, and titanium current collectors was studied in aqueous solutions of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) at various concentrations, from 0.5 up to 20 m. As the concentration of the electrolyte increases, the electrochemical window of water stability widens according to the “water-in-salt” concept. The metal grids have been studied electrochemically, both under anodic and cathodic conditions, by means of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Subsequently, a microscopic analysis with SEM and compositional analysis with XPS was carried out to evaluate the surface modifications following electrochemical stress. We found that copper is not very suitable for this kind of application, while titanium and steel showed interesting behaviour and large electrochemical window.
Di(acenaphtho)BODIPYs and Dipyrrins as Dyes with Deep-Red To NIR Absorptions (2019)

Abstract Di(acenaphtho)-fused BODIPYs with four electron-withdrawing N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl groups were obtained by complexation of the corresponding dipyrrins, which were also proven to be a stable deep-red dye.
A new approach to induction machine flux and speed observer with on-line rotor time constant estimation (2002)

This paper presents flux and speed estimation with on-line rotor time constant estimation for an indirect field oriented induction motor drive system using sliding mode technique. A closed loop flux observer based on the current estimation error is constructed. A unique feature of the proposed observer is that, the proposed current observer includes a sliding mode function, which is derivative of the flux. Therefore, when the estimated current converges to the measured one, the sliding mode function is integrated to calculate the flux. The speed and rotor time constant can then be calculated from the sliding mode function and the estimated flux. Simulation and experimental results for the flux and speed estimation of the machine are presented to validate the proposed algorithm.
A 6.4GT/s point-to-point unidirectional link with full current compensation (2009)

This 45nm 1.1V unidirectional differential point-to-point link interface achieves 6.4GT/s transfer rate. To support 17 inches, 2-connector channel topology required by multi-processor (MP) platform, it utilizes two novel current compensation techniques that optimize the performance/power ratio of the transmitter output swing level and receiver gain/bandwidth.
Antiviral activity of selected cathelicidins against infectious bronchitis virus (2021)

Abstract Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus of domestic fowl. IB is a major concern in the poultry industry, causing worldwide economic losses through decreased egg production and quality and by increasing the chicken's susceptibility for secondary bacterial infections, particularly Escherichia coli . In this study, the anti‐IBV activity of cathelicidins, small antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune system was investigated. The cell culture adapted (nonvirulent) IBV strain Beaudette was effectively inhibited by the human cathelicidin LL‐37 in bovine hamster kidney‐21 cells at nontoxic concentrations. The peptide needed to be present during virus inoculation to effectively inhibit the infection of IBV‐Beaudette, indicating that LL‐37 likely bound viral particles. However, no clear morphological changes in the IBV virion upon binding were observed by electron microscopy. In this cell culture model, chicken cathelicidins (CATH1‐3) were inactive against IBV‐Beaudette. In contrast, in multicellular infection models using the virulent IBV‐M41 strain the activities of human and chicken cathelicidins were different. In particular, upon inoculation of 10‐day‐old embryonic eggs with IBV‐M41, CATH‐2 reduced the viral load to a higher extend than LL‐37. Similarly, viral infection of chicken tracheal organ cultures with IBV‐M41 was significantly reduced in the presence of CATH‐2 but not LL‐37. These results indicate a potential antiviral role for CATH‐2 upon IBV infection in vivo .
FRET-Protease-Coupled Peptidyl-Prolyl cis-trans Isomerase Assay (2016)

In this work, a sensitive and convenient protease-based fluorimetric high-throughput screening (HTS) assay for determining peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity was developed. The assay was based on a new intramolecularly quenched substrate, whose fluorescence and structural properties were examined together with kinetic constants and the effects of solvents on its isomerization process. Pilot screens performed using the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds (LOPAC) and cyclophilin A (CypA), as isomerase model enzyme, indicated that the assay was robust for HTS, and that comparable results were obtained with a CypA inhibitor tested both manually and automatically. Moreover, a new compound that inhibits CypA activity with an IC50 in the low micromolar range was identified. Molecular docking studies revealed that the molecule shows a notable shape complementarity with the catalytic pocket confirming the experimental observations. Due to its simplicity and precision in the determination of extent of inhibition and reaction rates required for kinetic analysis, this assay offers many advantages over other commonly used assays.
Cover Picture: The Synthesis of Azadirachtin: A Potent Insect Antifeedant (Chem. Eur. J. 34/2008) (2008)

An exceptionally challenging synthesis target has finally met its match. An avenue of neem trees flanks an outline of the Ley azadirachtin synthesis road map. The neem tree is the natural source of azadirachtin—a potent insect-feeding suppressant that is widely used in pest control. The highly complex natural product contains sixteen contiguous stereogenic centres, seven of which are tetrasubstituted carbon atoms. Full details of the chemistry used to shape a route to this fascinating target are discussed by S. V. Ley et al. on page 10683 ff. Photographs: William M. Ciesla, www.forestryimages.com; design: Alistair Boyer. Salen-Templated Synthesis On page 10520 ff., in his Concept article A. W. Kleij describes how metallosalen scaffolds have become increasingly important in templated synthetic events (salen=N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine dianion). Interesting developments may be expected in various applications that focus on structural and catalytic complexity.1 Helicates In their Communication on page 10535 ff., L. F. Lindoy et al. describe the microwave synthesis of a rare example of a dinuclear helicate, [Ru2L3]4+ (L=5,5′′′-dimethyl-2,2′ : 5′,5′′ : 2′′,2′′′-quaterpyridine). They showed that it can be separated efficiently into its P and M enantiomers by DNA-based affinity chromatography.1 Solid-State Reactions In their Full Paper on page 10570 ff., S. Nishikiori et al. discuss the self-assembly of simple building units in the solid state. Grinding of metal acetates with bis(3-cyanopentane-2,4-dionato) afforded a range of mononuclear and polymeric complexes.1
Novel 8-Substituted Dipyridodiazepinone Inhibitors with a Broad-Spectrum of Activity against HIV-1 Strains Resistant to Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (2005)

A series of novel 8-substituted dipyridodiazepinone-based inhibitors were investigated for their antiviral activity against wild type human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and the clinically prevalent K103N/Y181C mutant virus. Our efforts have resulted in a series of benzoic acid analogues that are potent inhibitors of HIV-1 replication against a panel of HIV-1 strains resistant to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Furthermore, the combination of good antiviral potency, a broad spectrum of activity, and an excellent pharmacokinetic profile provides strong justification for the further development of compound (7) as a potential treatment for wild type and NNRTI-resistant HIV-1 infection.
Neuro-odontoblast Relationships (2007)

Dentine, the hard tissue portion of the pulp–dentine complex, forms the bulk of the tooth. Structurally it consists of multiple closely packed dentinal tubules, which traverse the entire thickness. These tubules contain cytoplasmatic extensions of the odontoblasts as well as some fine neuritis, which extend only into the pulpal part of the dentine1. The cell bodies of the odontoblasts form the boundary between the inner aspect of the dentine and the periphery of the dental pulp. The function of odontoblasts is not limited to dentinogenesis, but includes maintenance of dentine, and their role in reparative dentine formation is also important2. The interaction between the odontoblasts and the neurites, which are wrapped around the cell bodies of the odontoblasts and enter the dentinal tubules, might be responsible for dentine sensitivity. Numerous papers have been published on morphological, physiological and pharmacological characteristics of the nerve fibres in the dental pulp. Some of these suggested a possible recep-
On-chip multiplex for amplification directly from whole blood (2013)

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) direct from human blood using a silicon/glass microfluidic chip is demonstrated. The microfluidic chip consists of a mixer (for combining whole blood and reagents), a microreaction chamber (for cell lysis and PCR thermal cycling) and a micropillar filter (for purification of the amplified DNA). The reported microsystem can serve as a compact DNA amplification module for use in a larger lab-on-chip microsystem. The device was demonstrated by successfully amplifying three fragments of different length (142, 105 and 72 base pairs) directly from whole blood. The influence of surface coating and polymerase enzyme on the microsystem functionality is reported.
The Intrinsic Incompressibility of Osteoblast-like Cells (1996)

This paper presents a new methodology, apparatus design, and the experimental results of ongoing research into the measurement of the mechanical properties of musculoskeletal tissue at the cellular level. A microchamber was constructed that provides a controlled hydrostatic pressure environment for these cells where optical sectioning, via epifluorescence microscopy, was used to acquire volume information about the individual cell. The microchamber was integrated into a hydraulic system that, via computer control, provided a regulated adjustable hydrostatic pressure environment for living cells suspended in culture media. The techniques applied in this study include fluorescent labeling of the cell volume, hydrostatic pressure application, optical sectioning, and digital volume reconstruction. To determine the mechanical response (compressibility) of cultured MG-63 osteoblast-like cells under physiologically high hydrostatic pressures two experiments were devised: In the first experiment changes in volume of 10 cells were measured as the applied hydrostatic pressure was increased from 0 to 7 MPa. Volume changes in response to pressure magnitudes were not significant (p > 0.49). In the second experiment, the mechanical role of the plasma membrane to act as a supportive component in cell compressibility was studied by permeabilizing the membrane of six cells and again applying hydrostatic pressure. Again, no significant volume differences between pressurized and unpressurized cells were found (p > 0.46). A retrospective power analysis of the results of the first and second experiments indicates that the sample size was sufficient. The results of this study show that MG-63 osteoblast-like cells are intrinsically incompressible in the 0-7 MPa hydrostatic pressure range. They also support the hypothesis that the plasma membrane plays an insignificant mechanical role in terms of cell compressibility.
Uplink Pilot Signal Design for Mobile Wireless Backhaul (2015)

본 논문에서는 밀리미터파를 활용한 이동무선백홀에서 상향링크의 파일럿 신호 구조를 제안하였다. Zadoff-Chu 시퀀스를 이용하여 생성된 파일럿 신호는 두 개의 안테나 포트에 대한 송신 다이버시티를 위하여 주파수 축 상에서 교차 매핑 또는 연속 매핑되는 구조가 가능하며, 파일럿 신호의 매핑 방법에 따라 채널 추정 알고리즘이 달라진다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 지하철 환경을 가정한 레일리 페이딩 채널에서 성능을 분석한 결과, 교차 매핑 방법이 연속 매핑 방법에 비해 채널 추정의 성능 열화가 없었고 이 방법을 사용하여 상향링크 채널 추정기의 구현 복잡 도를 줄일 수 있었다. In this paper, an uplink pilot signal structure is proposed for millimeter wave(mmWave)-based mobile wireless backhaul. For the transmit diversity of two antenna ports, uplink pilot signals generated from the Zadoff-Chu sequence can be mapped in an interleaved mode or continuous mode on the frequency axis, and channel estimation algorithms are different depending on the pilot signal mapping schemes. Through a simulation under Rayleigh fading channel assuming a subway scenario, the interleaved mapping scheme showed no performance degradation compared to the continuous mapping scheme and the implementation complexity of the uplink channel estimator was reduced due to the interleaved mapping scheme.
Operational Evaluation of ADCIRC-2DDI as Applied to the Western North Atlantic Ocean (2002)

Abstract : The model forecast system comprising the finite element-based hydrodynamic model ADCIRC-2DDI, the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS), and the Grenoble tidal database (FES95.2.1) is evaluated in the Western North Atlantic Ocean under an operational test (OPTEST) defined by the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO). Using tidal forcing at the open boundary, model forecasts of water elevations are made with and without wind forcing and compared to observations available through the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA). The model forecast system, configuration. and implementation are described at length with respect to the definition of the operational test. data processing, and evaluation criteria. Model predictions fall within the acceptable Navy standard of 20% RMS amplitude error and 60 minutes phase error for both the tides-only and wind- and tidally-driven forecasts.
Cyclical Annealing Technique To Enhance Reliability of Amorphous Metal Oxide Thin Film Transistors (2018)

This study introduces a cyclical annealing technique that enhances the reliability of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) via-type structure thin film transistors (TFTs). By utilizing this treatment, negative gate-bias illumination stress (NBIS)-induced instabilities can be effectively alleviated. The cyclical annealing provides several cooling steps, which are exothermic processes that can form stronger ionic bonds. An additional advantage is that the total annealing time is much shorter than when using conventional long-term annealing. With the use of cyclical annealing, the reliability of the a-IGZO can be effectively optimized, and the shorter process time can increase fabrication efficiency.
Wafer fused InP-GaAs optically pumped semiconductor disk laser operating at 1.57 μm (2009)

A wafer fusing was applied to integrate an InP-based active medium and a GaAs/AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflector in an optically pumped semiconductor disk laser. Over 50 mW of output power at room temperature in 1570-1585 nm spectral range was demonstrated. The results of this study reveal an important finding: the wafer fusion can be used in emitters with high power. This approach would allow for monolithic integration of lattice-mismatched compounds, quantum-well and quantum-dot based media and promises substantial wavelength tailoring of semiconductor disk lasers.
Test Coil for the Development of a Compact 3 T ${\rm MgB}_{2}$ Magnet (2011)

An test coil was manufactured and tested as the first step in the development of a 3 T MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> magnet system. Due to the fact that MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> has a higher critical temperature, replacing conventional NbTi superconductor with MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , higher temperature operation will be possible. It will make the cryogenic design much simpler and less expensive. Furthermore, operating the magnet at higher temperature results in larger heat capacity of the materials and surrounding structures. Higher heat capacity, therefore, results in increased thermal stability of the magnet against quench initiation. The 3 T magnet design consists of several coils. One of the center coils was manufactured for testing the performance at higher temperatures. The test coil was conduction cooled and the quench performance of the coil was good, which means there were no critical issues during the coil manufacturing process. However, AC loss heating, as well as a small resistance of the coil was found, both of which might result from wire design, manufacture, and quality.
The biological efficacy profile of BAX 855, a PEGylated recombinant factor VIII molecule (2014)

Summary Prophylaxis prevents joint and other bleeding episodes in patients with haemophilia A. Development of new factor concentrates with longer circulating half‐lives may encourage patients to start, continue or resume prophylaxis. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacodynamic effect of a PEGylated full‐length recombinant factor VIII ( rFVIII ) concentrate with that of an unmodified rFVIII concentrate with respect to the duration of prophylactic efficacy in a murine model of haemophilic joint bleeding. Mice were pretreated with BAX 855 or unmodified rFVIII at specified times before right knee puncture to induce haemarthrosis; left knee joints served as controls. Joint bleeding was evaluated using a combination of visual and histological assessments. Administration of a single dose of unmodified rFVIII before joint puncture prevented haemarthrosis in mice up to 24 h, whereas pretreatment with BAX 855 protected the joint from bleeding up to 48 h. This pharmacodynamic study showed prolonged efficacy of BAX 855 compared to ADVATE in a haemophilia A mouse joint bleeding model. This finding supports the possibility of using BAX 855 to increase FVIII trough levels and/or extend the dosing interval in patients with haemophilia A on prophylaxis, which may potentially improve prophylactic efficacy and long‐term adherence.
Abstract TP21: The Role Of Interleukin-1α Cytokine In Poststroke Inflammation (2022)

Stroke remains the second leading cause of death globally, with a total of 5.5 million deaths in 2016 and an estimated global lifetime risk of stroke for those aged 25 years or older at 24.9%. A key feature of stroke and poststroke injury is the inflammatory response, which is driven by a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines to include interleukin-1 (IL-1). Evidence from pre-clinical studies have demonstrated a deleterious effect of IL-1 poststroke with a beneficial effect observed after blocking IL-1 in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. The IL-1 family has both IL-1β and IL-1α forms, and although IL-1β has been most closely studied, the distinct roles of both IL-1 isoforms during poststroke inflammation is largely unknown. In this study, we examined the contribution of IL-1α in ischemic stroke. We characterized the spatio-temporal effect of IL-1 in the brain after stroke using an in vivo model of middle cerebral artery thrombosis in an inducible IL-1α knockout mouse through topical application of FeCl3. We found that IL-1α precedes IL-1β expression after ischemic stroke and is restricted to microglia whereas IL-1β is expressed by both neutrophils and microglia. Intriguingly, microglial IL-1α deletion does not influence brain damage after ischemic stroke, and furthermore does not influence cerebral blood flow or neutrophil infiltration and IL-1β expression up to 24h after ischemic stroke. Pathway analysis following RNAseq suggests that microglial IL-1α regulates neuronal activity through CREB signaling. In vitro studies in Neuro2a (N2a) murine cell line additionally show neuronal activity regulation through CREB signaling via microglial IL-1α after oxygen glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) model of stroke. As the role of IL-1α in stroke has yet to be fully elucidated, future experiments using both murine and in vitro models will clarify the role that IL-1α has in the pathogenesis of stroke and its relevance to inflammatory features posttroke, which may lead to future therapeutic insight.
Abstract 3075: Antitumor activity of M8891, a potent and reversible inhibitor of methionine aminopeptidase 2 (2019)

Abstract N-terminal cleavage of methionine by methionine aminopeptidases is a crucial step in the maturation of proteins during protein biosynthesis. MetAP2, one of the two methionine aminopeptidases expressed in mammalian cells, has been identified as the target of the highly potent and irreversible inhibitor fumagillin to which antiangiogenic and antitumoral properties have been ascribed. This and other findings support the rationale to develop MetAP2 inhibitors for cancer therapy. The fumagillin derivative TNP-470 has been evaluated in several clinical trials, but development was discontinued following demonstration of unfavorable pharmacokinetics and side effects likely attributed to the reactivity of the compound. We have developed M8891, an orally bioavailable, potent, and reversible inhibitor of MetAP2. M8891 inhibited growth of primary endothelial cells as well as patient-derived tumor cells and demonstrated antiangiogenic and antitumoral activity in mouse models. Accumulation of an unprocessed MetAP2 substrate, methionylated elongation factor 1 α, Met-EF1a, was observed upon treatment with M8891 in vitro as well as in vivo confirming that MetAP2 can be effectively inhibited with this compound. In combination with sunitinib, M8891 demonstrated strong and durable antitumor activity in a cohort of patient-derived renal cancer xenografts at well-tolerated exposure levels. Predictive biomarker hypotheses generated from CRISPR sensitivity/resistance screens as well as analyses of molecular profiling data from PDX tumors are currently being evaluated in further nonclinical studies. A dose-escalation phase 1 study in patients with advanced solid tumors is currently ongoing. Citation Format: Manja Friese-Hamim, Olga Bogatyrova, Maria J. Ortiz, Dirk Wienke, Timo Heinrich, Felix Rohdich, Klaus Duecker, Christoph Schultes, Bayard Huck, Frank T. Zenke, Andree Blaukat. Antitumor activity of M8891, a potent and reversible inhibitor of methionine aminopeptidase 2 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3075.
Nickel(II)-Catalysed Transformations of 5-Azido-5-deoxy-d-glucofuranose and of 5-Azido-5-deoxy-l-idofuranose (1998)

Abstract Nickel(II) catalysed isomerisation reactions of C-5 modified derivatives of D-glucose as well as L-idose were investigated. 5-Azido-5-deoxy-D-glucofuranose was successfully isomerised into the corresponding D-manno epimer in good yields. Contrasting this result, in the case of the 5-modified L-idofuranose probed, no evidence for successful epimerisation at C-2 could be found. However, this sugar was quantitatively rearranged into the corresponding L-sorbopyranose. Upon extended reaction periods, the latter underwent degradation to give the coresponding 4-modified methyl L-xylonate.